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Allibone's  Dictionary  of  Anthors, 

INDISPENSABLY  NECESSARY  TO 

ALL  WHO  READ,  ALL  WHO  WRITE, 

ALL  CLERGYMEN,  ALL  PHYSICIANS,  ALL  LAWYERS, 

Scientific  and  Literary  Men,         Merchants  and  Farmers, 
Manufacturers  and  Mechanics. 

IT    IS   -A.   laiOTJSESIOLID 


The  importance  of  this  great  work  to  every  one  will  be  understood  by  referring  to  the  highly 

commendatory  letters  of  the  following 

REPRESENTATIVE  LITERARY  MEN. 

PAGE  PAGS 

Bancroft,  Hon.  George,  the  Historian s 

Bryant,  Wm.  C * 

Bethune,    Geo.   W.,   D.D.,    of  the  Dutch  Reformed 

Church,  Brooklyn 10 


Beecher,  Rev.  Henry  Ward,  of  Plymouth  Church, 

Brooklyn 10 

Barnard,  Dr.  Henry,  the  eminent  writer  on  Educa 
tion,  and  Editor  of  Barnard's  American  Journal  of  Education,  &c...  12 

Channing,  Walter,  M.D e 

Cheever,  George  B.,  D.D.,  Pastor  of  the  Church  of 

the  Puritans,  New  York 11 

Cogswell,  Dr.  Jos.  G.,  Librarian  of  the  Astor  Library  13 
Cleveland,  Prof.  Charles  D.,  Author  of  Compendium 

of  English  Literature,  &c 13 

Dunglison,  Robley,  M.D.,  LL.D.,  for  more  than  twen 
ty  years  Professor  of  the  Institutes  of  Medicine,  &c.  in  the  Jeffer 
son  Medical  College,  Philadelphia,  Author  of  Dunglison's  Dictionary  8 

Dana,  Richard  Henry,  the  Poet 11 

Durbin,  John  P.,  D.D.,  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal 

Church,  Author  of  Travels  in  Europe,  the  East,  Ac 12 

Everett,   Hon.  Edward,   late  President  of   Harvard 

University,  &o < 3 

Felton,  Prof.  C.  C.,  of  Harvard  University 7 

Francis,   John  W.,   M.D.,   LL.D.,   President  of  the 

New  York  Medical  Society,  &c 8 

Gilpin,  Hon.  Henry  D.,  late  Attorney-General  of  the 

United  States 11 

Goodrich,  Channcey  A.,  D.D.,   Prof,  of  the  Pastoral 

Charge,  Yale  College,  Editor  of  Webster's  Quarto  Dictionary,  &c 11 

Hedge,  Frederic  H.,  D.D.,  Professor  of  Ecclesiastical 

History,  Harvard  University,  Editor  of  the  Christian  Examiner 5 

Holmes,  Oliver  Wendell,  M.D.,  Parkman  Professor  of 

Anatomy  and  Physiology,  Harvard  University,  Author  of  the  Autocrat 
of  the  Breakfast-Table,  Ac ,..      5 

Hillard,  George  S.,  in  the  Boston  Courier,  Jan.  13, 

1859,  and  Littell's  Living  Age,  Feb.  5,  1859 6 

Hodge,  Dr.  Charles,  Professor  of  Biblical  Literature, 

Ac.  Presbyterian  Theological  Seminary,  Princeton,  N.  J 7 

Hawks,  Francis  L.,  LL.D.,  D.D.,  Ac 10 

Halleck,  Fitz-Greene,  the  Poet 12 

Hall,  Judge  James,  of  Cincinnati,  Author  of  Legends 

of  the  West,  Ac 13 

Irving,  Washington 4 

King,  Charles,  LL.D.,  President  of  Columbia  Col 
lege,  New  York , 7 

Kennedy,  Hon.  John  P.,  late  Secretary  of  the  Navy, 

Author  of  Horse-Shoe  Robinson,  Ac 8 

Kenrick,  Rt.  Rev.  Francis  Patrick,  Archbishop  of 

Baltimore 10 


Longfellow,  Henry  W.,  the  Poet. 3 

Lieher,    Dr.   Francis,   Editor  of  the  Encyclopaedia 

Americana,  &c 5 

Lossing,  Benson  J.,  Author  of  Pictorial  Field-Book 

of  the  Revolution,  &c 13 

Maury,  Lieut.  M.  F.,  LL.D.,  Director  of  the  U.  S. 

National  Observatory,  Author  of  Geography  of  the  Sea,  Ac 8 

Mackenzie,   R.  Shelton,  D.C.L.,    Editor  of  Noctes 

Ambros  iauae 11 

Napier,  Lord a 

Prescott,  W.  H.,  the  Historian 3 

Peabody,    Rev.  A.  P.,   D.D.,   Editor  of  the   North 

American  Review 0 

Prime,  S.  Irenseus,  D.D.,  Editor  New  York  Observer..  10 
Parsons,  Theophilus,  LL.D.,  Prof,  of  Law  in  Harvard 

University 11 

Robinson,  Edward,  D.D.,  President  Union  Theologi 
cal  Seminary,  Author  of  Biblical  Researches  in  Palestine,  Ac 11 

Sparks,   Jared,   LL.D.,    late    President   of   Harvard 

University 4 

Simms,  W.  Gilmore,  of  South  Carolina,   Author  of 

Yemassee;  Guy  Rivers;  The  Partisan,  Ac 0 

Sprague,   Dr.  W.  B.,  Author  of  the  Annals  of  the 

American  Pulpit : t 10 

Strickland,   Dr.  W.  P.,  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal 

Church U 

Ticknor,  George,  Author  of  the  History  of  Spanish 

Literature 4 

Tuckerman,  Henry  T.,  the  Essayist 7 

Thompson,  John  R.,  Editor  of  the  Southern  Literary 

Messenger 8 

Thompson,  Jos.  P.,  D.D.,  of  the  Broadway  Tabernacle  12 
Taney,  Hon.  Roger  B.,  Chief  Justice  of  the  Supreme 

Court  of  the  United  States 13 

Verplanck,  Gulian  C.,  LL.D.,  Regent  of  the  Univer 
sity  of  the  State  of  N.  York,  Editor  of  the  Illustrated  Shakspeare,  Ac.  12 

Whipple,  E.  P.,  the  Reviewer e 

Walker,  James,  LL.D.,   President  of  Harvard  Uni 
versity 7 

Woolsey,  Theodore  D.,  D.D.,  LL.D.,  President  of  Yale 

College 7 

Winthrop,  Hon.  Robert  C.,  of  Boston 9 

Wayland,   Francis,  D.D.,  late   President  of  Brown 

University,  Author  of  Wayland's  Moral  Science,  &c 9 

Willis,  N.  P 10 

Whittier,  John  G.,  the  Poet ia 


Volume  I.,  super-royal  octavo,  1005  pages,  elegantly  printed  on  fine  paper.     PRICE,  $5.00  in  muslin  bind 
ing  ;  $6.00  in  fine  sheep  binding,  or  $7.50  in  library  style,  half  turkey  morocco  antique. 
Forwarded  to  any  portion  of  the  United  States,  free  of  expense,  on  the  receipt  of  the  above  prices. 

Address>  CHILDS  &  PETERSON, 

602  Arch  Street,  Philadelphia. 

,  \. 


ALLIBONE'S  DICTIONARY  OF  AUTHORS. 


A  Critical  Dictionary  of  English  Literature,  and  British  and  Ameri 
can  Authors,  living  and  deceased:  from  the  Earliest  Accounts 
to  the  Middle  of  the  Nineteenth  Century.  Containing  Thirty 
Thousand  Biographies  and  Literary  Notices :  with  Forty  Indexes 
of  Subjects.  "  The  chief  glory  of  every  people  arises  from  its 
Authors"  By  S.  AUSTIN  ALLIBONE :  1859,  imp.  8vo.  Childs  and 
Peterson,  Philadelphia.  Trilbner  &  Co.,  London.  PRICE  $5.00. 

The  first  volume  of  this  work  is  just  published  in  Philadelphia  and  London.  It  contains  the 
letters  from  A  to  J,  both  inclusive,  1005  pages,  imperial  double  column,  minion  and  nonpareil 
type,  about  200  lines  on  each  page  on  an  average,  the  volume  containing  upwards  of  two  millions 
of  words.  In  bulk  of  typographical  matter  it  is  equal  to  thirteen  volumes  (470  pages  each)  of 
Putnam's  edition  of  Irving's  Works,  or  about  fourteen  volumes  of  Prescott's,  Bancroft's,  or 
Hallam's  Histories,  8vo.  The  number  of  Authors  whose  works  are  noticed  in  the  first  volume 
is  above  17,100;  making  in  the  forty  indexes  (at  end  of  vol.  ii.)  about  24,100  names,  viz:  — 


Authors. 

1.  Agriculture 320 

2.  Antiquities:  Archaeology,  Mythology,  and  Nu 

mismatics 510 

3.  Architecture ;.. . 306 

4.  Astronomy  and  Astrology 203 

5.  Bibliography:     Bookbinding,    Catalogues,    and 

Printing 120 

6.  Biography  and  Correspondence 1170 

7.  Botany  :  Arboriculture,  Flowers,  Fruit,  Horticul 

ture,  Vegetables 257 

8.  Chemistry 191 

9.  Divinity 5668 

10.  Domestic  Economy 55 

11.  Dramatic  Literature 527 

12.  Education 472 

13.  Essayists:    Encyclopaedias,    Periodical    Litera 

ture 617 

14.  Fiction:  Facetiae,  Novels,  Romances,  Tales 620 

15.  Games  and  Sports 130 

16.  Geography:  Atlases  and  Charts 159 

17.  Geology,  Mineralogy 89 

18.  Heraldry  and  Genealogy 140 

19.  History,  Chronicles,  Chronology 1114 

20.  Juvenile  Works  :  Tales,  Ac 145 

21.  Law,  Jurisprudence 1272 

22.  Literary  History 227 


Authors 

23.  Mathematics  :  Arithmetic,  Geometry,  Trigono 

metry,  <fcc 353 

24.  Mechanics,  Engineering,  Railways 141 

25.  Medical  Sciences 1714 

26.  Moral  and  Mental  Philosophy 487 

27.  Morals 309 

28.  Music 180 

29.  Natural  History 305 

30.  Natural  Philosophy 346 

31.  Naval  and  Military 510 

32.  Painting  and  Sculpture 256 

33.  Philology 511 

34.  Poetry  and  Poetical  Criticism 1838 

35.  Politics  :  Government,  Legislation,  Documents 

and  Reports 850 

36.  Political  Economy :  general  subject  and  special 

topics 527 

37.  Topography 270 

38.  Trade  and  Commerce 280 

39.  Travels 892 

40.  Voyages 235 

Total  number  of  names  in  the  forty  indexes 

from  A  to  J  inclusive,  Vol.  1 24,116 

"      KtoZ        "  "    2,  about 26,000 

Total  number  of  names  in  the  Indexes  of  the 

two  volumes,  about 50,116 


As  each  of  the  forty  indexes  runs  through  the  alphabet  from  A  to  Z,  this  department  of  the 
work  will  probably  consist  of  nearly  one  thousand  divisions,  enrolling  about  50,000  names.  It  will 
be  interesting  to  see  at  a  glance  the  number  of  authors  of  names  of  common  occurrence  in  the 
body  of  the  work  in  vol.  i.,  A  to  J. 


Brown  and  Browne 175 

Clark  and  Clarke 153 

Green  and  Greene • 83 

Davies 68 

Davis 48 

Ellis 47 

.     42 


Gibson. 


Grant 47 

flail 92 

Hamilton 86 

Harris 52 

Harrison. 52 


Hill .-. 67 

Holmes 24 

Howard 53 

Irving 17 

Jackson 81 

James 48 

Johnson...., 110 

Johnston 35 

Johnstone 17 

Jones .X^t 189 

Authors  in  21  names 1586 


The  number  of  works  recorded,  and  in  very  many  cases  criticized,  both  favourably  and  unfavour 
ably,  would  perhaps  in  the  whole  work  amount  to  between  one  and  two  hundred  thousand; 
but  this  is  a  mere  surmise,  as  they  have  never  been  numbered. 

The  best,  because  the  briefest,  description  which  can  be  given  of  the  Critical  Dictionary,  is  that 

IT   IS   INTENDED   TO    BE    TO    THE    LITERATURE    OF    THE    LANGUAGE    WHAT  A    DICTIONARY    OF   WORDS    IS    TO 
THE    LANGUAGE    ITSELF. 

The  second  volume,  which  will  complete  the  work,  is  now  more  than  one-half  stereotyped. 


TESTIMONIALS   TO   ALLIBONE'S   DICTIONARY   OF  AUTHORS. 


From  Wm.  H.  Preecott,  Esq.,  the  Historian. 

Boston,  Aug.li,  1855. 

Gentlemen  : — I  should  sooner  have  replied  to  your  note 
requesting  my  opinion  of  Allibone's  Dictionary  of  Litera 
ture.  I  have  rarely  seen  so  large  an  amount  of  matter 
condensed  into  so  small  a  compass.  The  work  is  con 
ducted  on  what  to  me  is  an  entirely  novel  principle,  and 
presents  the  reader  not  simply  with  the  opinions  of  the 
author,  but  with  those  of  the  best  critics  on  every  writer 
whose  character  he  discusses.  This  is  opening  the  best 
sources  of  information,  while  the  original  contributions  of 
the  editor,  which  connect  the  extracts  together,  are  of  a 
piquant  kind  that  gives  vivacity  to  the  discussion. 

The  index  of  subjects  will  form  a  sort  of  catalogue  rai- 
sonnee,  that  cannot  fail  to  make  the  book  as  useful  in  a 
bibliographical  as  in  a  biographical  view.  If  the  rest  of  the 
work  is  as  ably  executed  as  that  embraced  under  the  first 
three  letters  of  the  alphabet, — all  I  have  seen, — it  cannot 
fail  to  be  an  important  contribution  to  English  Literature. 
I  remain,  gentlemen,  your  ob't  servant, 

W.  H.  PRESCOTT. 

Childs  &  Peterson. 

Boston,  Dec,  27, 1858. 

My  dear  Sir : — I  am  truly  obliged  to  you  for  so  welcome 
a  present  as  the  first  volume  of  your  great  work.  I  have 
read  the  whole  of  it  with  the  same  care  which  I  bestowed 
on  the  earlier  portion ;  and  I  may  truly  say  that  I  find  no 
occasion  to  modify  the  opinions  I  have  before  expressed 
in  regard  to  the  book.  I  find  everywhere  occasion  to 
commend  the  excellence  of  the  plan  and  the  conscientious 
and  able  manner  in  which  it  has  been  carried  into  execu 
tion.  Indeed,  the  work  may  be  said  to  combine  in  itself  a 
whole  library  of  criticism;  and  the  reader,  who  sees  the 
scattered  rays  of  opinion  concentrated  into  one  focus, 
carries  with  him  what  may  be  regarded  as  an  expression 
of  the  public  sentiment  on  the  topic  under  review. 

With  my  best  wishes  for  the  successful  completion  of 
your  difficult  task, 

I  remain,  dear  sir,  very  sincerely  yours, 

W.  H.  PRESCOTT. 

S.  Austin  Allibone,  Esq. 

From  Henry  Wadsworth  Longfellow,  the  Poet. 

Cambridge,  Dec.  28, 1858. 

My  dear  Sir : — I  have  had  the  honour  of  receiving  your 
very  valuable  Christmas  present,  in  the  first  volume  of  your 
"  Dictionary  of  Authors,"  and  hasten  to  offer  you  my 
warmest  thanks  for  your  kindness,  and  my  heartiest  con 
gratulations  on  the  completion  of  so  much  of  your  great 
undertaking. 

Of  course,  as  yet,  I  have  but  plunged  into  it  here  and 
there,  and  almost  at  random;  but  I  have  always  found  my 
man  and  his  works,  and  a  great  deal  of  information,  which 
I  could  find  nowhere  else,  unless  by  plodding  over  the 
same  tangled  and  weary  road  that  you  have  just  been 
over. 

We  all  owe  you  a  great  deal  of  gratitude,— how  great 
none  of  us  can  yet  say.  It  will  take  a  long  while  to  find 
out  all  that  is  in  this  volume;  but  a  glance  through  its 
pages  suffices  to  show  the  extraordinary  zeal  and  labour 
of  the  author. 

That  his  work  may  be  crowned  with  complete  success 
is  the  cordial  wish  of, 

My  dear  sir,  yours  very  truly, 

HENRY  W.  LONGFELLOW. 

S.  Austin  Allilone,  Esq. 


From  the  Hon.  Edward  Everett,  late  President  of  Harvard  Uni 
versity,  &c. 

Boston,  Sept.  20, 1855. 

Gentlemen : — I  have  received  the  volume  you  were  good 
enough  to  send  me,  containing  the  first  three  letters  of  Mr. 
Allibone's  "  Critical  Dictionary  of  English  Literature,  and 
British  and  American  Authors,  Living  and  Deceased."  The 
plan  of  the  work  is  extremely  comprehensive,  and  requires 
laborious  research  in  the  collection  of  the  materials,  and 
great  care  and  discrimination  in  putting  them  together. 
As  far  as  I  have  been  able  to  examine  the  specimen  con 
tained  in  the  volume  sent  me,  Mr.  Allibone  is  performing 
his  task  with  great  fidelity  and  success.  In  giving,  in  the 
words  of  the  authors,  the  judgments  which  he  cites  from 
approved  sources,  he  has  made  a  great  improvement  over 
former  biographical  dictionaries,  which  are,  for  the  most 
part,  unacknowledged  compilations.  Mr.  Allibone's  work 
appears  to  be,  to  a  very  unusual  degree,  the  result  of  ori 
ginal  investigation,  and,  if  completed  as  begun,  will,  I  am 
confident,  be  found  a  most  useful  work  of  reference,  and 
an  important  addition  to  the  literary  apparatus  of  our 
language.  I  am,  gentlemen,  respectfully  yours, 

EDWARD  EVERETT. 

Childs  &  Peterson. 

Boston,  Dec.  27, 1858. 

My  dear  Sir: — On  my  return  from  the  country  on  Satur 
day,  I  found  on  my  table  the  first  volume  of  your  great 
work,  with  your  letter  accompanying  it.  I  have  not,  of 
course,  had  time  to  do  more  than  cast  a  hasty  glance  over 
the  volume;  but,  as  you  express  a  wish  to  know  that  it  has 
come  to  hand,  I  hasten  to  let  you  know  that  I  have  re 
ceived  it,  and  that  the  little  examination  I  have  been  able 
to  make  of  it  has  confirmed  the  opinion  which  I  formed 
of  its  merits  on  a  more  careful  inspection  of  the  first 
three  letters. 

I  congratulate  you  on  having  made  such  progress  in 
your  vast  undertaking,  and  tender  you  my  best  wishes  for 
the  successful  completion  of  the  work. 

I  remain,  dear  sir,  with  great  regard,  very  truly  yours, 

EDWARD  EVERETT. 

S.  Austin  Allibone,  Esq. 

From  Hon.  George  Bancroft,  the  Historian. 

New  York,  Nov.  17,  1855. 

Gentlemen : — The  examination  of  articles  under  the  letter 
A,  in  Mr.  Allibone's  Critical  Dictionary  of  British  and  Ame 
rican  Authors,  has  led  me  to  form  a  high  estimate  of  the 
comprehensiveness  and  the  utility  of  his  design,  as  well  as 
of  the  fearless  and  indefatigable  industry,  the  candour,  and 
the  general  ability  with  which  he  is  executing  it.  His 
work  bids  fair  to  take  a  very  high  rank  in  its  own  peculiar 
department.  His  plan  has  moreover  a  special  attraction, 
for  it  not  only  presents  appropriate  information  respecting 
each  author,  but  also  a  general  picture  of  the  impression 
which  he  may  have  made  on  the  public  and  on  his  critics. 
I  wish  the  deserved  success  to  this  great  undertaking,  and 
Remain,  very  respectfully  yours, 

GEORGE  BANCROFT, 

Childs  &  Peterson. 

New  York,  Dec.  24, 1858. 

My  dear  Mr.  Allibone: — Last  evening  your  volume  reached 
me  safely;  and  I  have  already  turned  over  enough  of  its 
leaves  to  be  sure  that  it  is  filled  full  of  information,  heaped 
up  and  running  over.  I  have  no  doubt  I  shall  find  all  the 
auguries  accomplished.  Accept  the  best  thanks  of 

Yours  very  truly,  GEORGE  BANCROFT. 


TESTIMONIALS   TO  ALLIBONE'S   DICTIONARY  OF  AUTHORS. 


From  Washington  Irving,  Esq. 

Sunnyside,  Aug.  23, 1855. 

Gentlemen: — Accept  my  thanks  for  the  specimen  you 
have  sent  me  of  Mr.  Allibone's  Critical  Dictionary  of  Eng 
lish  Literature.  The  undertaking  does  honour  to  that  gen 
tleman's  enterprise;  and  the  manner  in  which,  from  the 
specimen  before  me,  (464  pages,)  he  appears  to  execute  it, 
does  honour  to  his  intelligence,  perspicuity,  wide  and 
accurate  research,  impartiality,  and  good  taste.  When 
completed,  the  work  cannot  fail  to  be  a  valuable  library 
companion  and  family  book  of  reference.  The  beautiful 
manner  in  which  the  work  is  got  up  is  highly  creditable 
to  American  typography. 

Very  respectfully,  gentlemen, 

Your  obliged  and  ob't  servant, 

WASHINGTON  IRVING. 
Childs  &  Peterson. 


Sunnyside,  Jan.  12, 1859. 

My  dear  Sir: — I  have  to  thank  you  for  a  copy  of  the  first 
volume  of  your  Dictionary  of  Authors,  which  you  have 
had  the  kindness  to  send  me.  It  fully  comes  up  to  the 
high  anticipations  I  had  formed  from  the  specimen  sub 
mitted  to  my  inspection  in  1855. 

Thus  far  you  have  fulfilled  admirably  the  stupendous 
task  undertaken  by  you ;  and  your  work,  when  completed, 
will  remain  a  monument  of  unsparing  industry,  indefati 
gable  research,  sound  and  impartial  judgment,  and  critical 
acumen. 

It  merits,  and  cannot  fail  to  have,  a  wide  circulation, 
and  to  find  a  place  in  every  library. 

With  great  regard,  yours,  very  truly, 

WASHINGTON  IRVING. 

S.  Austin  Allibone,  Esq. 

From  Jared  Sparks,  LL.D.,  late  President  of  Harvard  University. 

Cambridge,  Sept.  1, 1855. 

Gentlemen: — I  have  examined,  with  great  satisfaction, 
the  part  of  Mr.  Allibone's  Dictionary  of  English  Literature 
which  has  already  been  published,  (464  pages.)  The  plan 
appears  to  me  an  exceedingly  good  one, — comprising,  as  it 
does,  a  notice  of  all  the  English  and  American  authors 
down  to  the  present  time,  with  biographical  incidents,  an 
enumeration  of  their  several  publications,  and  frequent 
critical  remarks. 

An  undertaking  so  comprehensive  in  its  design  requires 
vast  diligence  and  research.  As  far  as  the  author  has  pro 
ceeded,  he  seems  to  have  executed  his  task  with  ability, 
good  judgment,  and  success.  When  completed,  the  work 
cannot  fail  to  be  of  great  utility  to  all  readers  who  would 
acquire  a  knowledge  of  books,  and  a  most  valuable  acces 
sion  to  every  library. 

I  am,  gentlemen,  very  respectfully  yours, 

JARED  SPARKS. 

Child*  &  Peterson. 

Cambridge,  Jan.  3, 1859. 

Dear  Sir : — I  have  received  your  letter,  and  also  the  first 
volume  of  your  Dictionary  of  English  Literature,  for 
which  I  beg  you  will  accept  my  thanks.  It  is  a  work  of 
prodigious  labour,  requiring  vast  research,  and  great  judg 
ment  and  skill  in  the  execution ;  and,  from  the  examina 
tion  which  I  have  been  able  to  bestow  upon  it,  I  am  per 
suaded  that  it  will  in  all  respects  justify  the  high  anticipa 
tions  of  the  public. 

With  best  wishes  for  your  entire  success  in  this  import 
ant  and  arduous  enterprise, 

I  am,  dear  sir,  respectfully  and  truly  yours, 

JARED  SPARKS, 

S.  Austin  Allibone,  Esq. 


From  George  Ticknor,  Esq.,  Author  of  the  History  of  Spanish 
Literature. 

Boston,  January  8, 1859. 

Gentlemen: — Ever  since  the  Bibliotheca  of  Watt  was 
published,  between  1819  and  1824, 1  have  been  in  the  habit 
of  using  it;  and,  notwithstanding  the  omissions  and  errors 
always  to  be  expected  in  such  publications,  I  have  found 
it  to  be  an  excellent  work,  ampler  and  more  satisfactory 
than  Lowndes,  or  any  other  in  the  language.  On  receiving 
the  first  volume  of  Allibone's  Dictionary,  I,  therefore,  na 
turally  compared  it  with  the  corresponding  portion  of 
Watt's  Bibliotheca,  and  noted  the  following  differences. 
(1.)  Allibone  leaves  out  the  foreign  and  ancient  authors, 
who  are  so  imperfectly  given  in  Watt  that  their  articles 
are  of  no  real  virtue,  and  usurp  a  space  much  wanted  for 
more  important  matter.  (2.)  He  inserts,  sometimes  in  ar 
ticles  that  are  abridged,  and  sometimes  in  articles  that  are 
enlarged,  all  the  British  authors  given  by  Watt  and 
Lowndes,  and  adds  a  great  many  more, — I  should  think 
several  thousand  more.  (3.)  He  inserts,  as  nearly,  I  sup 
pose,  as  he  could  ascertain  them,  the  whole  body  of  Ameri 
can  authors,  of  whom,  I  think,  there  are  not  two  hundred 
either  in  Watt  or  in  Lowndes.  (4.)  He  inserts  biographical 
notices  of  a  multitude  of  the  more  important  authors,  some 
of  them  long  and  interesting,  with  abundant  references  to 
the  sources  where  their  lives  can  be  found  at  length,  while 
Watt,  at  best,  gives  little  more  than  the  dates  of  their  births 
and  deaths.  (5.)  He  inserts,  generally  in  their  own  words, 
the  judgment  pronounced  by  critics  of  recognised  authority 
on  a  great  number  of  authors  and  their  works,  and  adds 
copious  references  to  other  opinions  and  discussions  con 
cerning  them;  of  all  which  there  is  hardly  a  Jtrace  in  Watt, 
and  nothing  of  any  consequence.  (6.)  He  proposes  to  in 
sert  at  the  end  of  his  Dictionary  fifty  thousand  titles  of 
books  in  the  English  Language,  arranged  under  forty  dif 
ferent  heads,  each  in  alphabetical  order,  so  as  to  give  a 
condensed  view  by  subjects  of  whatever  is  of  any  value  in 
British  and  American  Letters  and  Science,  which  Watt  has 
partly  done,  but  in  a  less  satisfactory  manner,  because  with 
less  ample  materials,  and  with  a  subdivision,  for  many 
purposes,  too  minute. 

The  practical  result  of  the  whole  seems  therefore  to  be, 
that  Mr.  Allibone  is  now  giving  us,  in  a  condensed  form,  at 
once  an  Encyclopedia  and  an  Index  of  what  is  valuable 
and  interesting  in  the  Lives,  Characters,  and  Bibliography 
of  British  and  American  Authors,  better  and  more  manage 
able  than  any  similar  work  that  we  now  possess,  and  of 
permanent  importance  to  anybody — scholar  or  not — who 
wishes  to  read  books  profitably  and  intelligently  in  hia 
native  tongue. 

Your  obedient  servant, 

GEO.  TICKNOR, 
Child*  &  Peterson. 


From  Win.  C.  Bryant,  Esq. 

New  York,  Aug.  29, 1855. 

Gentlemen: — The  specimen  of  Mr.  Allibone's  Critical 
Dictionary  of  Authors  which  you  sent  me  has  given  me  a 
high  idea  of  the  industry,  exactness,  and  various  reading 
of  the  author.  I  think  it  promises  to  be  one  of  the  most 
valuable  works  of  reference  which  have  been  produced  in 
the  present  century.  The  plan  appears  to  me  excellent, 
though  difficult;  but  the  difficulty  has  been  happily  over 
come  by  the  author's  extraordinary  research. 
Truly  yours, 

W,  C.  BRYANT, 
Child*  &  Peterson. 


TESTIMONIALS   TO   ALLIBONE'S   DICTIONARY  OF  AUTHORS. 


New  York,  February  1,  1859. 

Dear  Sir: — The  high  opinion  I  formed  of  your  work  on 
looking  over  some  of  the  first  sheets,  I  have  found  no 
cause  to  modify,  except  as  it  has  risen  in  my  esteem.  I 
regard  it  as  one  of  the  best  books  of  reference  ever  com 
piled,  and  have  no  fear  that  the  public  will  fail  properly 
to  acknowledge  its  merit. 

I  am,  sir,  very  truly  yours, 

W.  C.  BEYANT. 
S.  Austin  Allibone,  Esq. 

From  Rev.  A.  P.  Peabody,  D.D.,  Editor  of  the  North  American 
Review. 

Portsmouth,  N.H.,  Jan.  11, 1859. 

My  dear  Sir: — The  work  more  than  fulfils  my  best  ex 
pectations.  For  thoroughness,  impartiality,  skilful  selec 
tion  of  opinions  and  authorities,  and  the  adjustment  of 
the  length  and  minuteness  of  articles  to  the  relative  import 
ance  of  their  subjects,  I  cannot  conceive  of  a  better  work 
of  the  kind.  Indeed,  there  exists  no  work  with  which  it 
can  be  compared.  Every  literary  man  has  felt  the  need 
of  such  a  dictionary;  and  when  yours  is  completed,  and 
on  our  tables,  it  will  be  hard  for  us  to  see  how  we  could 
ever  have  dispensed  with  it.  To  the  student  of  literary 
history  it  is  especially  valuable;  for  under  each  name  it 
gives  him,  first,  the  essential  facts  as  to  the  writer's  time, 
environments,  and  productions;  secondly,  the  means  of 
judging  whether  he  is  worth  further  investigation;  and, 
thirdly,  such  references  as  will  enable  him  to  follow  out 
the  detailed  history  and  merits  of  an  author  deserving  ex 
tended  research.  Hoping  that  the  reception  and  sale  of 
the  work  may  correspond  with  its  merits,  and  sincerely 
thanking  you  for  the  courtesy  and  kindness  of  what  would 
have  been  an  advance-copy  had  it  not  slept  a  fortnight  in 
the  hands  of  my  publishers, 

I  am,  as  ever,  most  sincerely  yours, 

A.  P.  PEABODY. 

S.  Austin  Allibone,  Esq. 

From  Frederic  Henry  Hedge,  D.D.,  Prof,  of  Ecclesiastical  History, 
Harvard  University,  Editor  of  the  Christian  Examiner. 

Brookline,  Jan.  18,  1859. 

Dear  Sir: — I  hasten  to  thank  you  for  the  welcome  gift 
of  the  first  volume  of  your  "Dictionary  of  Authors,"  and 
am  glad  of  this  opportunity  to  express  my  high  sense  of 
the  value  and  extraordinary  merit  orHhis  publication.  The 
resolute  diligence  and  conscientious  care  displayed  in  it 
fill  me  with  amazement.  I  conceive  the  design  of  such  a 
work  to  be  one  of  the  most  arduous  of  literary  enterprises, 
and  the  execution  seems  to  me  to  correspond  with  the  mag 
nitude  of  the  undertaking. 

In  minuteness  and  completeness  I  should  say  that  your 
"Critical  Dictionary  of  English  Literature"  had  no  rival. 
I  know  of  no  work  of  the  kind  in  any  language  so  com 
prehensive  in  its  plan  and  so  complete  in  its  details, — none 
which  can  compare  with  it  as  a  bibliographical  hand-book 
of  national  literature. 

The  article  on  Junius  may  be  cited  as  an  instance  of  the 
generous  fidelity  which  characterizes  the  execution  of  this 
great  project. 

I  observe  with  special  satisfaction  that  amid  the  vast 
multitude  of  modern  writers  you  have  found  space  for  the 
great  names  of  the  Anglo-Saxon  and  Anglo-Norman  pe 
riods  of  British  Authorship,  and  am  pleased  to  see  abridged 
from  Wright  such  articles  as  those  on  Bede,  on  Alcuin, 
and  on  Anselm. 

Wishing  you  equal  success  with  the  remaining  portion 
of  your  work, 

I  am,  dear  sir,  respectfully  yours, 

FKEDEEIC  H.  HEDGE, 

S.  Austin  Allibone,  Esq. 


From  Dr.  Lieber,  editor  of  the  Encyclopaedia  Americana,  &c. 

South  Carolina  College,     \ 

Columbia,  S.C.,  Sept.  5, 1855.  / 

Gentlemen : — In  judging  of  this  work,  it  is  necessary  to 
keep  in  mind  that  the  resolute  title,  "A  Critical  Dictionary 
of  English  Literature,"  ushers  in  a  work  which  the  author 
and  publishers  found  themselves  obliged  to  restrict  to  one 
volume,  containing,  nevertheless,  "  thirty  thousand  biogra 
phies  and  literary  notices."  Having  myself  edited  an 
encyclopaedia,  I  am  better  able  to  give  an  opinion  upon 
some  points  than  I  should  have  been  otherwise;  anc 
an  examination  of  many  of  the  larger  articles  under 
the  letters  A,  B,  and  C  has  convinced  me  that  the  author 
has  brought  to  his  task  what  may  be  called  the  encyclopae 
dic  virtues  in  a  high  degree, — a  painstaking  love  of  detail 
and  conscientious  accuracy,  and  an  unvarying  desire  of 
collecting;  a  self-forgetting  disposition  to  give  what  others 
have  done,  and  a  certain  taste  and  tact,  which,  in  many 
cases,  alone  can  draw  the  proper  line  of  admission  and 
omission.  I  make  no  doubt  that  this  work  will  be  a  wel 
come  aid  to  all  that  use  and  handle  books, — scholars,  gene 
ral  readers,  and  booksellers.  Your  ob't  servant, 

FRANCIS  LIEBER. 

Childs  &  Peterson. 

From  Oliver  Wendell  Holmes,  M.D.,  Parkman  Professor  of  Anatomy 

and  Physiology,  Harvard  University,  author  of  the  Autocrat  of 

the  Breakfast-Table,  Ac. 

Boston,  Feb.  7, 1859.    ; 

My  dear  Sir: — The  first  volume  of  Allibone  has  been 
lying  on  my  table  for  some  weeks,  and  I  have  opened  it 
often  enough  to  get  some  idea  of  its  great  value  as  a  work 
for  consultation. 

More  than  one  living  writer  has  made  the  remark  that 
he  has  found  a  more  complete  account  of  himself  and  his 
works  in  its  pages  than  he  himself  could  have  given. 

I  have  looked  out  the  names  of  many  medical  authors, 
some  of  them  little  known,  and  have  assured  myself  that 
in  this,  as  doubtless  in  other  special  departments,  there  is 
a  great  collection  of  information  not  to  be  found  in  any 
other  work  with  which  I  am  acquainted,  nor  probably  in 
any  existing. 

While  the  general  scholar,  therefore,  will  keep  the  book 
at  the  side  of  his  Dictionary  of  the  English  Language,  the 
professional  man  may  place  it  next  to  his  Cruden,  or  his 
Cooper,  or  his  Blackstone,  with  the  certainty  that  he  will 
find  in  it  a  rich  storehouse  of  knowledge  with  reference  to 
the  writers  and  the  works  that  more  especially  belong  to 
his  chosen  province  of  learning. 

I  am,  my  dear  sir,  yours  very  truly, 

Geo.  W.  Childs,  Esq.  0.  W.  HOLMES, 

From  E.  P.  Whipple,  Esq.,  the  Reviewer. 

Boston,  Jan.  28,  1859. 

Gentlemen: — I  thank  you  for  Mr.  Allibone's  "Dictionary 
of  Authors."  As  a  labour-saving  work  of  reference,  in 
whose  accuracy  men  of  every  profession  and  occupation 
can  confidently  rely,  it  is  impossible  to  over-estimate  its 
value,  or  the  industry,  research,  and  intelligence  expended 
in  its  preparation.  Apart  from  its  importance  as  a  work 
of  reference,  it  is  full  of  interest  for  the  information  it  con 
tains  regarding  the  lives  of  eminent  authors,  and  for  the 
condensed  view  it  presents  of  the  various  critical  estimates 
of  their  genius  and  influence. 

The  wonder  is,  that  any  man  should  have  been  found 
with  the  requisite  combination  of  industry,  talent,  know 
ledge,  and  taste  for  the  subject,  to  undertake  so  vast  a  la 
bour;  but,  being  done,  the  book  becomes  a  necessity  to  all 
persons  interested  in  books. 

Very  respectfully  yours, 

Childs  &  Peterson.  E.  P.  WHIPPLE. 


6 


TESTIMONIALS   TO   ALLIBONE'S   DICTIONARY   OF   AUTHORS. 


GEOEGE  S.  HILLAED,  ESQ., 

In  the  Boston  Courier,  Jan.  13, 1859,  and  Littell's  Living  Age, 
Feb.  5,  1859. 

This  is  a  truly  wonderful  work,  wonderful  for  the  pro 
digious  industry  with  which  it  has  been  prepared,  the  wide 
field  from  which  its  materials  have  been  drawn,  and  the  i 
immense  mass  of  matter  which  is  presented  in  a  condensed  i 
and  compact  form  for  edification  and  delectation.  It  is  a 
book  especially  addressed  to  those  who  love  books, — who 
possess  them,  or  mean  to  possess  them, — and  whose  eyes 
are  recreated,  and  whose  hearts  are  exhilarated,  by  the 
sight  of  portly  quartos,  goodly  octavos,  shapely  duodeci 
mos,  clad  in  a  comely  vesture  of  morocco,  Russia,  or  calf, 
with  gilding  tastefully  interspersed.  The  advent  of  such 
a  manual  of  reference  is  a  red-letter  day  in  the  life  of  an 
enthusiastic  bibliomaniac;  and  the  delight  and  gratitude 
with  which  he  must  receive  it  will  only  be  alloyed  by  a 
feeling  of  regret  that  it  had  not  come  earlier  in  life,  and 
of  sadness  at  the  thought  of  the  unhappy  years  he  had 
wasted  without  it.  The  first  impulse  of  his  heart  will  be 
to  illuminate  his  house,  to  send  for  a  band  of  music,  to 
invite  his  friends  to  dinner,  to  open  the  most  cherished 
bin  in  his  cellar,  and  to  drink  the  health  of  ALLIBONE 
with  all  the  honours.  Dear,  garrulous,  gossiping  Dr. 
Dibdin,  why  are  you  not  alive  to  welcome  this  capital  ac 
cession  to  the  shelves  of  bibliography,  and  to  lavish  upon 
it  all  your  adjectives  of  laudation? 

But  our  readers,  naturally  enough,  may  wish  to  know 
what  the  book  is  that  awakens  in  us  a  strain  of  jubilant 
enthusiasm  so  unlike  our  usual  critical  impassiveness.  We 
will  tell  them  what  it  is.  It  is  the  first  volume  of  a  dic 
tionary  which  contains,  or  is  to  contain,  the  name  of  every 
man,  living  and  dead,  who  has  written  one  or  more  books, 
and  gained  any  sort  of  a  place  in  literature,  in  England  or 
America.  Here  they  are  all  to  be  found,  from  Alcuin,  Bede, 
and  Alfred, — who  have  been  dust  for  a  thousand  years, — 
down  to  Mr.  Butler,  the  author  of  "  Nothing  to  Wear,"  and 
Mr.  Aldrich,  the  author  of  "Babie  Bell."  Here  are  the 
stars  of  the  first,  second,  and  third  magnitudes, — each  in 
its  own  sphere,  and  each  shining  with  its  own  peculiar 
glory;  and  here,  too,  are  the  farthing  candles  and  the 
rush -lights  that  have  fluttered  and  sputtered  for  a  brief 
season  and  thrown  their  light  over  a  minute  space.  For 
instance,  five  solid  columns  are  given  to  the  life  and 
writings  of  Joseph  Addison;  but  Joseph  Addison,  like  all 
the  rest  of  mankind,  had  a  father;  and  his  name  was  Lan 
celot,  and  he  was  a  clergyman, — a  respectable  old  gentle 
man,  we  doubt  not,  in  wig  and  small-clothes,  and  not  averse 
to  port  wine;  and  this  said  Lancelot  was  also  a  blotter  of 
paper,  and  in  twelve  lines  Mr.  Allibone  tells  us  who  he  was 
and  what  he  did.  And  here  they  stand,  son  and  father, 
side  by  side,  the  cedar  of  Lebanon  and  the  hyssop  on  the 
wall. 

Let  it  not  for  a  moment  be  supposed  that  this  dictionary 
is  merely  a  catalogue  of  the  names  of  authors  and  of  their 
books, — simply  an  enlargement  and  expansion  of  Watt's 
Bibliotheca  Britannica:  it  is  something  more  and  better 
than  this.  Brief  biographical  notices  are  given  of  all 
writers  of  any  note  and  consideration,  living  or  dead ;  and 
a  very  copious  array  of  critical  notices  and  literary  judg 
ments  is  appended  to  such  names  as  have  been  conspicuous 
enough  to  call  them  forth.  These  critical  notices  have 
been  culled  from  a  great  variety  of  sources,  and  do  much 
honour  to  Mr.  Allibone's  industry,  showing,  as  they  do,  an 
immense  range  of  reading.  #**»###» 

But  the  fact  that  this  dictionary  contains  so  many  bio 
graphical  sketches  and  literary  notices  makes  it  something 
more  than  a  mere  book  of  reference.  It  is  a  pleasant  book 


to  take  up  and  turn  over  the  leaves  of  in  the  unoccupied 
moments  of  life,  the  bits  and  fragments  of  the  day  that 
are  too  short  for  any  continuous  reading.  By  searching, 
the  diligent  reader  may  find  many  entertaining  anecdotes, 
many  curious  facts,  many  brilliant  observations  upon 
the  lives  and  writings  of  men  of  genius,  hidden  away  in 
the  general  mass  of  names,  dates,  and  titles,  like  veins  of 
gold  in  beds  of  quartz.  Under  the  head  of  Lord  Byron, 
for  instance,  we  come  upon  two  interesting  original  com 
munications,  one  from  Mr.  Everett  and  one  from  Mr. 
Ticknor,  giving  their  recollections  of  the  noble  poet's  ap 
pearance,  manners,  and  conversation.  ***** 

For  the  benefit  of  such  of  our  readers  as  like  well-defined 
facts  and  strict  accuracy  of  statement,  we  take  occasion  to 
say  that  the  volume  before  us  contains  the  letters  from  A 
to  J  inclusive,  and  the  type  is  minion  and  nonpareil,  that 
the  page  is  printed  in  double  columns,  and  that  the  num 
ber  of  words  is  upwards  of  two  million.  In  bulk  of  typo 
graphical  matter  it  is  equal  to  about  fourteen  such  volumes 
as  those  in  which  the  histories  of  Bancroft  and  Prescott 
are  presented.  The  retail  price  of  each  of  these  volumes 
is  two  dollars;  but  that  of  the  book  before  us — the  first 
volume  of  the  Dictionary — is  but  five  dollars;  so  that  it  is 
a  work  of  extraordinary  cheapness  as  well  as  extraordinary 
merit.  Indeed,  nothing  but  a  very  large  sale  can  ever 
remunerate  the  publishers  for  their  enterprising  liberality 
of  outlay  in  getting  it  up. 

Not  merely  to  the  general  reader,  whose  taste  in  books 
is  comprehensive  and  catholic,  is  this  manual  of  reference 
addressed;  but  those  who  walk  in  a  particular  path,  and 
cultivate  a  spec  ial  corner  of  the  great  field  of  letters,  will 
find  it  a  good  guide  and  a  safe  help.  The  divine,  by  its 
light,  can  pick  his  way  through  the  palpable  obscure  of 
theological  controversy,  and  that  vast  cemetery  in  which 
the  bones  of  defunct  sermons  are  quietly  reposing.  We 
notice,  too,  that  particular  attention  has  been  paid  to  legal 
bibliography,  so  that  the  practising  lawyer,  who  looks  upon 
polite  literature  with  no  more  respect  than  the  miller  does 
the  blue  and  white  flowers  that  grow  amid  the  corn,  will 
not  be  able  to  show  cause  why  he  should  not  buy  it,  but 
the  rule  will  be  made  absolute  at  once. 

The  entire  work — of  which  we  have  now  one-half — will 
be  comprised  in  two  volumes;  and  at  the  end  there  will  be 
found  forty  copious  indexes  of  subjects,  by  the  help  of 
which  the  reader  can  at  once  refer  to  all  the  authors  who 
have  written  upon  any  given  department  of  letters.  This 
will  be  of  material  value  to  scholars,  and  add  much  to  the 
usefulness  of  the  work. 

*     *     *     *     *     *     *     ******** 

The  Dictionary,  as  a  whole,  is  very  copious  and  very 
correct.  It  presents  in  a  compact  form  a  vast  mass  of 
literary  information,  in  general  as  remarkable  for  accuracy 
as  for  fulness.  We  chronicle  its  appearance  as  a  notice 
able  event  in  the  literary  history  of  the  country.  It  is 
most  honourable  to  the  compiler,  Mr.  Allibone, — giving  evi 
dence,  as  it  does,  not  merely  of  patient  toil  that  has  never 
waxed  faint,  but  of  taste,  judgment,  and  skill.  It  is  ho 
nourable  to  the  publishers,  who,  for  the  sake  of  good  letters, 
have  been  willing  to  send  out  a  large  invoice  of  capital 
upon  a  voyage  that  will  be  long  before  it  begins  to  make 
returns.  It  is  creditable  to  the  country;  for  such  a  work 
could  not  have  been  undertaken  by  men  so  sagacious  and 
experienced  as  Messrs.  Childs  &  Peterson,  if  they  had  not 
felt  assured  that  such  a  love  of  knowledge  and  taste  for 
reading  had  been  diffused  through  the  community  as  made 
it  ripe  for  the  reception  of  such  a  manual.  Of  its  ultimate 
success  we  can  have  no  doubt :  the  result  can  only  be  a 
question  of  time. 


TESTIMONIALS   TO  ALLIBONE'S   DICTIONARY  OF  AUTHORS. 


From  Jaines  Walker,  LL.D.,  President  of  Harvard  University. 
Harvard  University, 

Cambridge,  Jan.  3, 1859. 

Dear  Sir: — I  have  turned  over  the  pages  of  your  Critical 
Dictionary  of  English  Literature  with  ever- in  creasing 
wonder  at  the  magnitude  and  completeness  of  the  work. 
The  multiplication  of  books  and  of  public  and  private 
libraries  in  this  country  has  created  a  demand,  I  had  al 
most  said  a  necessity,  for  precisely  such  a  guide  in  selecting 
the  best  authorities  on  every  subject  and  the  best  editions. 
To  clergymen  and  students,  and  to  all  collectors  of  books 
either  for  public  or  private  use,  it  will  prove  an  invaluable 
help,  preventing  a  multitude  of  mistakes,  and,  even  as  a 
matter  of  economy,  saving  twenty  times  as  much  money 
as  it  costs. 

I  remain,  dear  sir,  yours  very  respectfully, 

S.  Austin  Allibone,  Esq.  JAMES  WALKER. 


From  Charles  King,  LL.D.,  President  of  Columbia  College,  N.T. 
President's  Room,  Columbia  College, 

New  York,  Dec:Z\,  1858. 

My  dear  Sir:— On  this  last  day  of  the  year  I  fulfil  a 
purpose,  too  long  delayed,  of  acknowledging  the  first  volume 
of  your  admirable  "Critical  Dictionary." 

It  is  indeed  a  work  for  the  age,  and  for  all  that  speak  the 
English  tongue;  and  it  is  fashioned  to  endure  while  that 
tongue  shall. 

Its  minute  research,  its  remarkable  accuracy,  its  com 
prehensive  grasp,  and,  most  difficult  of  all,  its  rare  discri 
mination  in  the  selection  from  masses  of  accumulated  ma 
terials,  and  impartiality  of  judgment,  render  it  a  guide  at 
once  reliable  and  indispensable  to  all  who  for  any  purpose 
handle  books. 

It  is  my  earnest,  though  I  cannot  say  unselfish,  trust, 
that  "summer  and  winter,  seed-time  and  harvest,"  may 
still  return  to  you,  however  it  may  betide  with  others,  to 
the  completion  of  your  great  work,  honourable  at  once 
and  useful  to  your  country  and  to  your  race  as  well  as  to 
its  author. 

I  am,  dear  sir,  with  great  regard  and  esteem, 

Your  obedient  servant, 
S.  Austin  Allibone,  Esq.  CHAS,  KING. 


From  Prof.  C.  C.  Felton,  of  Harvard  University. 

Cambridge,  Feb.  11, 1859. 

My  dear  Sir: — I  have  used  your  Critical  Dictionary  of 
English  Literature  (vol.  i.)  constantly  since  it  was  re 
ceived  in  December  last.  During  this  time  I  have  had 
occasion  to  consult  many  of  the  leading  articles,  and  have 
read  a  considerable  portion  of  the  entire  work. 

I  am  astonished  at  the  extent,  minuteness,  and  accuracy 
of  the  information  you  have  embodied  in  it.  The  under 
taking  is  a  truly  gigantic  one,  and  it  has  been  carried  out 
thus  far  with  an  industry  and  conscientiousness  ail-but  un 
paralleled.  The  manner  in  which  you  have  condensed 
your  materials,  retaining  only  what  is  essential  to  a  full 
presentation  of  the  facts  and  opinions  pertinent  to  each 
subject,  is  admirable.  I  have  seldom  failed  to 'find,  in  the 
several  articles  I  have  read,  every  particular,  however  mi 
nute,  which  I  desired  to  possess.  You  have  given  a  special 
value  and  importance  to  the  work  by  citing  the  opinions 
of  the  leading  literary  and  scientific  reviews,  and  by  your 
copious  references  to  other  authorities,  where  the  subject  is 
one  admitting  controversy  or  requiring  discussion. 

I  can  have  no  doubt  that  your  work  will  be  a  standard 

and  indispensable  book  of  reference  and  authority  wherever 

English  literature  is  studied,  as  it  certainly  is  a  monument 

of  the  ability,  industry,  and  judicial  fairness  of  the  author. 

With  great  respect, 

S.  Austin  Allibone,  Esq.  C,  C,  FELTON, 


From  Theodore  D.  Woolsey,  D.D.,  LL.D.,  President  of  Yale  College. 

Tale  College,  Feb.  7, 1859. 

Gentlemen  .-—Suffice  it  to  say  that  I  have  examined  the 
book  in  different  parts,  and  that  it  displays  herculean  la 
bour,  and,  so  far  as  I  can  discover,  as  much  accuracy  as  is 
attainable  in  such  an  undertaking.  I  think  Mr.  Allibone 
deserves  all  encouragement  and  high  praise  for  his  con 
scientious  labour. 

Your  obedient  servant, 

THEODOBE  D.  WOOLSEY. 

Childs  &  Peterson. 


From  Henry  T.  Tuckerman,  Esq.,  the  Essayist. 

New  York,  Dec.  27, 1858. 

My  dear  Sir : — Accept  my  best  thanks  for  the  first  volume 
of  your  Dictionary  of  Authors.  It  fulfils  the  high  promise 
of  your  prospectus  and  specimen-sheets.  I  have  examined 
its  notices  of  those  authors  whose  history  and  writings  I 
have  had  occasion  to  study,  and  am  truly  astonished  at  tho 
fulness  of  research,  the  accuracy  in  detail,  and  the  judi 
cious  critical  estimates  you  have  in  each  instance  exhibited. 
Not  less  noteworthy  is  the  care  and  patience  manifest 
throughout  in  rendering  justice  to  a  large  number  of  useful 
and  gifted  but  less  known  and  appreciated  writers.  I  am 
impressed  with  the  great  range  of  practical  advantage  de 
rivable  from  your  labours.  If  completed  as  it  is  begun, 
your  Dictionary  of  Authors  will  not  only  become  an  au 
thority  and  permanent  reference  in  bibliography  and  criti 
cism,  but  will  serve  a  great  educational  purpose;  for  it 
contains  all  the  requisite  suggestions  to  guide  the  judg 
ment  and  enlighten  the  taste  of  the  student  of  English 
Literature,  while  the  whole  chart  of  lettered  lore  in  our 
vernacular  is  completely  mapped  out,  the  best  critics  give 
their  views,  and  the  average  public  estimate  of  each  writer 
appears  side  by  side  with  the  names  of  his  publications 
and  the  facts  of  his  life.  In  the  hands  of  an  intelligent 
reader,  the  work  thus  subserves  the  objects  of  the  professor, 
supersedes,  in  a  measure,  the  lecture-room,  and  condenses 
the  scattered  information  otherwise  to  be  laboriously 
gleaned  from  a  whole  library  of  authorities.  Biography, 
criticism,  philosophy,  history,  and  general  culture,  will  each 
and  all  obtain  new  light  and  impulse  from  so  copious,  au 
thentic,  and  available  a  key  to  that  world  of  knowledge, 
taste,  and  truth  embraced  in  the  literature  of  the  English 
tongue.  With  renewed  thanks  and  best  wishes,  I  remain, 
my  dear  sir, 

Yours  truly  and  obliged, 

HENRY  T.  TUCKERMAN. 

S.  Austin  Allibone,  Esq. 


From  Dr.  Hodge,  Professor  of  Biblical  Literature,  &c.,  Presbyterian 
Theological  Seminary,  Princeton,  N.J. 

Princeton,  Jan.  5, 1859. 

Dear  Sir: — It  fills  me  with  wonder  that  any  one  man 
could  accomplish  a  task  involving  so  much  labour.  No 
one  can  estimate  the  full  value  of  your  work  who  is  not 
himself  acquainted  with  the  whole  field  covered  by  your 
researches,  or  who  has  not  had  time  to  test  its  worth  by 
long-continued  use.  I  can  therefore  only  say  that  it  im 
presses  me  with  the  highest  respect  for  the  learning,  labour, 
and  candour  which  it  exhibits  even  to  the  casual  reader 
of  its  pages.  I  have  no  doubt  that  it  will  prove  itself  to 
be  a  most  valuable  aid  to  every  student  of  English  or 
American  Literature. 

With  great  respect, 

CHARLES  HODGE. 
S.  Austin  Allibone,  Esq. 


TESTIMONIALS   TO  ALLIBONE'S  DICTIONARY  OF  AUTHORS. 


From  Hon.  John  P.  Kennedy,  late  Secretary  of  the  Navy,  Author 
of  Horse-Shoe  Robinson,  &c. 

Baltimore,  Jan.  31, 1859. 

My  dear  Sir : — I  have  taken  such  leisure  as  I  could  com 
mand  to  look  over  "  Allibone's  Dictionary  of  Authors,"  and, 
although  I  had  occasion  to  admire  the  copious  and  accu 
rate  character  of  this  work  at  an  earlier  stage  of  its  publi 
cation,  I  am  still  more  struck,  as  it  proceeds,  with  the  evi 
dence  which  this  volume  affords  of  the  extraordinary  labour 
of  the  undertaking  and  the  successful  achievement  of  it. 
I  do  not  know  of  any  work  of  the  kind  in  our  literature 
which  may  be  compared  with  it  for  the  number  of  subjects 
brought  into  view,  and  the  amount  of  critical  analysis  with 
which  they  are  treated.  In  both  of  these,  the  author,  it 
strikes  me,  has  accomplished  his  task  with  singular  judg 
ment  and  discrimination.  When  this  work  is  completed, 
it  cannot  fail  to  be  regarded  as  the  most  valuable  compend 
of  the  lives  and  labours  of  authors  in  the  English  lan 
guage  which  has  yet  been  afforded  to  its  students  on  either 
Bide  of  the  Atlantic. 

Believe  me,  my  dear  sir,  yours  truly, 

JOHN  P.  KENNEDY. 
0.  W.  Childs,  Esq. 


From  John  R.  Thompson,  Esq.,  Editor  of  the  Southern  Literary 
Messenger. 

Richmond,  Feb.  B,  1859. 

3fy  dear  Sir: — I  am  indebted  to  you  individually  for  a 
copy  of  the  first  volume  of  your  "  Critical  Dictionary  of 
English  Literature,"  sent  me,  some  weeks  ago,  by  Messrs. 
Childs  <fc  Peterson,  but  I  am  under  still  heavier  obligations 
to  you,  as  an  editor  and  humble  member  of  the  literary 
class,  for  the  service  you  have  rendered  to  bibliography  in 
a  work  whose  value,  in  my  judgment,  can  hardly  be  over 
estimated.  I  beg,  therefore,  to  offer  you  my  sincere  thanks, 
personal  and  editorial;  and  I  may,  perhaps,  properly  add 
that  I  am  especially  grateful  for  the  general  accuracy  and 
completeness  of  your  notes  on  the  authors  of  the  Southern 
States  of  the  Union.  I  am  acquainted  with  no  other  work 
in  which  is  to  be  found  so  much  information  upon  Southern 
authorship. 

With  great  respect,  I  am 

Yours  very  truly, 

JNO.  E.  THOMPSON, 

S.  Austin  Allibone,  Esq. 

From  Lieut.  Maury,  LL.D.,  Director  of  the  U.S.  National  Observa 
tory,  Author  of  Geography  of  the  Sea,  &c. 

National  Observatory,  Washington,  Dec.  27, 1858. 

3fy  dear  Sir: — I  give  you  hearty  thanks  for  volume  first 
of  your  "Dictionary  of  English  Literature  and  British  and 
American  Authors." 

This  volume  ends  with  the  letter  J,  and  gives  an  account 
of  upwards  of  seventeen  thousand  authors  living  and  dead. 
It  is  as  full  as  to  every  one  of  those  authors  and  their 
works  as  the  most  fastidious  could  desire  in  a  book  of  re 
ference.  It  evinces  a  vast  amount  of  laborious  research 
and  patient  industry  on  the  part  of  its  author.  No  amount 
of  labour  that  would  add  aught  to  accuracy  or  complete 
ness  has  been  spared,  and  I  know  of  no  work  of  its  kind 
in  any  language  that  is  equal  to  it. 

I  may  mention  that,  in  the  course  of  conversation  in  the 
family  circle  every  evening  since  it  has  been  received,  we 
have  had  occasion  to  refer  to  it  continually :  so  it  lies  on 
the  centre-table  for  constant  reference.  I  recognise  it  as 
a  standard  authority,  and  congratulate  you  most  heartily 
as  the  author  of  it.  Respectfully,  Ac., 

M.  F.  MAURY. 

S.  Austin  Attibone,  Esq. 


From  Robley  Dunglison,  M.D.,  LL.D.,  for  more  than  twenty  years 
Professor  of  the  Institutes  and  Medicine,  &c.  in  the  Jefferson 
Medical  College,  Philadelphia,  Author  of  Dunglison's  Dictionary. 

1116  Girard  St.,  Jan.  12, 1859. 

Dear  Sir: — Owing  to  special  circumstances,  I  have  long 
ceased  to  express  an  opinion  on  works  when  an  application 
has  been  made  to  me  by  authors  and  publishers.  In  re 
turning  my  acknowledgments  to  you,  however,  for  the  copy 
you  have  so  kindly  sent  me  of  the  first  volume  of  your 
great  "Dictionary  of  Authors,"  I  cannot  refrain  from  con 
gratulating  you  on  having  so  far  accomplished  your  labo 
rious  and  successful  undertaking  as  to  enable  you  to  issue 
the  first  volume.  It  is  a  work  of  inappreciable  value  to 
those  who  are  desirous  of  knowing — and  who  is  there  that 
is  not? — what  has  been  done  by  such  as  have  laboured  in 
the  great  cause  of  literature.  By  literary  men  especially 
it  will  be  in  constant  reference;  and  I  have  been  not  a  little 
gratified  to  discover  that  due  attention  has  been  paid  to 
most  of  those  who  have  contributed  to  any  extent  to  the 
literature  of  medicine.  Hence  on  every  account  I  can  re 
commend  it  to  the  young  and  old  of  my  own  profession. 

Trusting  that  the  remainder  of  the  work  may  soon 
appear, 

I  am,  dear  sir,  truly  yours, 


ROBLEY  DUNGLISON, 


S.  Austin  Attibone,  Esq. 


From  John  W.  Francis,  M.D.,  LL.D.,  President  of  New  York  Medical 
Society,  &c. 

New  York,  Dec.  27, 1858. 

My  dear  Mr.  Childs: — Your  great  Dictionary  of  English. 
Literature  and  Authors  was  duly  received,  and  I  am  at  a 
loss  to  express  my  gratitude  for  your  early  and  valuable 
gift.  I  have  devoted  many  hours  to  an  examination  of  the 
work,  and  am  prompted  by  the  cause  of  letters  and  true 
knowledge  to  affirm  that  Mr.  Allibone  has  executed  an 
undertaking  of  the  deepest  interest  to  the  student  of  wis 
dom  in  almost  every  department  of  human  research.  The 
work  must  be  recognised  as  having  no  predecessor  for  mi 
nuteness  of  detail,  for  extent  of  information,  and  the  judi 
cious  collocation  of  a  stupendous  mass  of  information  in 
the  several  departments  of  liberal  studies.  One  cannot  but 
marvel  at  individual  labour  and  its  results,  when  contem 
plating  the  fund  of  knowledge  this  Dictionary  contains. 
Antiquarian  research,  with  the  latest  results  of  modern  li 
terature  and  science,  are  here  to  be  found,  enriched  with  a 
uclgment  critically  exact  in  exposition,  and  imparted  to 
the  reader  in  proportion  and  in  style  which  challenge  the 
approbation  of  refined  taste  and  liberal  sentiment.  The 
work  is  delightful  in  a  special  point  of  view:  its  spirit  is 
honest;  it  is  unprejudiced  in  opinions;  it  is  catholic  in 
thics  and  in  patriotism.  It  must  find  its  way  into  every 
library;  it  must  prove  a  conductor  generalis  in  innumerable 
inquiries  instituted  even  by  the  most  erudite,  for  its  copious 
store  of  bibliography  and  details  on  subjects  of  special 
consideration. 

The  medical  department,  if  I  may  so  speak,  will  prove 
of  singular  interest  to  the  faculty  of  physic  and  to  medical 
students.     Mr.  Allibone  has  been  peculiarly  fortunate  in 
this  branch  of  science,  no  less  so  than  in  general  literature^ 
and  what  will  prove  gratifying  to  the  American  scholar 
is  the  ample  notice  of  so  many  of  the  medical  and  chi- 
rurgical  art  now  embraced  in  his  enduring  work. 
With  every  consideration  and  esteem, 
I  am,  &c., 

JOHN  W,  FRANCIS, 

0.  W.  Childs,  Esq. 


TESTIMONIALS  TO  ALLIBONE'S   DICTIONARY  OF  AUTHORS. 


9 


From  Walter  Charming,  M.D. 

Boston,  Jan.  13, 1859. 

Dear  Sir : — A  thousand  thanks,  and  more,  for  your  great, 
your  noble  work.  It  is  a  general  letter  of  introduction  to 
English  Literature.  I  use  the  word  English  generically, 
embracing  every  man,  woman,  and,  I  had  almost  said, 
child,  who  reads  English.  You  modestly  call  it  a  Diction 
ary.  It  is  one,  and  every  thing  pertaining  to  letters  beside. 
It  is  a  catalogue  raisonnee;  for  it  not  only  tells  of  all 
English  authors,  but  of  the  value  of  their  books,  so  far  as 
the  published  opinions  of  the  best  judges  can  determine 
this.  It  is  thus  a  dictionary  to  be  read  as  well  as  con 
sulted,  and  is  at  the  same  time  a  vast  library  in  itself. 
We  are  .told  that  Wm.  King,  an  English  poet,  Ac.,  before 
he  had  been  eight  years  in  college,  had  read  twenty-two 
thousand  volumes  and  manuscripts,  and  had  made  remarks 
upon  them.  In  ten  years  you  have  collected,  and  examined, 
and  given  to  us,  not  merely  names  and  titles  of  all  the 
authors  and  of  their  books  within  your  laborious  reach, 
but  thirty  thousand  biographies  and  literary  notices  and/orty 
indexes  of  subjects.  A  lady  told  Dr.  Johnson  that  she  had 
read  his  dictionary  carefully,  and  had  not  found  a  single 
indecent  word  in  it.  "  Then,  madam,  you  looked  for  them." 
Now,  let  any  gentleman  or  lady  examine  your  work  ever 
so  carefully  for  author  or  work  in  our  language,  and  I  will 
venture  to  say  that  he  or  she  will  not  fail  to  find  what 
either  is  in  search  of,  and  with  the  least  possible  amount 
of  labour. 

Everybody  at  all  interested  in  English  literature  should, 
and  will,  get  your  book  of  Books,  and  will  heartily  thank 
you  for  its  vast  treasures. 

Do  pardon  me,  dear  sir,  for  making  this  large  demand 
on  your  patience  and  important  time.  I  sat  down  to  thank 
you,  and  to  offer  you  my  sincere  wishes  for  a  success  which 
so  surely  awaits  you, 

And  to  assure  you  that  I  am 

Truly  your  obliged  friend,  Ac., 

WALTEE  CHANGING. 

S.  Austin  Allibone,  Esq. 

From  Hon.  Robert  C.  Winthrop,  of  Boston. 

Boston,  February  2,  1859. 

Oentlemen : — It  gives  me  pleasure  to  say  that  the  first 
volume  of  Mr.  Allibone's  Dictionary  of  Authors  meets 
every  expectation  I  had  formed  of  it,  and  I  concur  entirely 
in  all  the  expressions  of  our  leading  literary  men  as  to  its 
value  and  importance  as  a  work  of  reference.  The  vast 
amount  of  curious  matter  which  it  contains  renders  it  a 
highly  interesting  as  well  as  useful  book,  and  gives  it  an 
attraction  which  does  not  commonly  attach  to  any  thing 
bearing  the  name  of  Dictionary. 
Yours  respectfully, 

ROBT.  C.  WINTHROP. 

Childs  &  Peterson. 

From  Francis  Wayland,  DD.,  late  President  of  Brown  University, 
Author  of  Wayland's  Moral  Science,  &c. 

Providence,  Jan.  15, 1859. 

Gentlemen : — I  have  devoted  some  time  to  an  examination 
of  Allibone's  Dictionary  of  Authors,  and  am  of  the  opinion 
that  it  deserves  a  place  in  every  well-selected  library.  As 
a  Dictionary  of  literary  biography  it  is  remarkably  com 
prehensive;  the  estimate  of  authors  and  their  works  is  exe 
cuted'  with  great  fidelity,  and  the  references  to  the  best 
sources  for  additional  information  are  of  the  highest  value. 
It  is  a  book  to  which  the  student  will  have  so  frequent  oc 
casion  to  refer,  that  he  will  always  desire  to  have  it  within 
reach  for  the  purpose  of  consultation. 
I  am,  gentlemen,  yours  truly, 

F.  WAYLAND. 

Child*  &  Peterson. 


From  W.  Gilmore  Simms,  Esq.,  of  South  Carolina,  Author  of 
Yemassee;  Guy  Rivers;  The  Partisan,  Ac. 

Woodlands,  S.C.,  Jan.  18, 1859. 

Gentlemen: — I  have  great  pleasure  in  expressing  my  ex 
treme  satisfaction  upon  the  examination  of  the  first  volume 
of  Mr.  Allibone's  Dictionary  of  English  Authors  and  Lite 
rature.  It  appears  to  me  that  he  has  been  eminently  suc 
cessful  in  carrying  out  a  plan  of  exceeding  difficulty. 
His  research  has  been  singularly  extensive,  and  as  com 
plete  and  accurate  as  is  possible  to  any  living  student  I 
claim  to  have  a  considerable  intimacy  with  British  Litera 
ture,  ancient  as  well  as  modern  and  recent,  and  my  private 
collection  is  a  large  one;  yet  I  have  turned  to  numerous 
heads  in  Mr.  Allibone's  Dictionary  without  being  able  to 
discover  a  single  omission ;  and  the  details,  where  given, 
are  as  singularly  full  and  copious.  As  English  necessarily 
includes  American  literature,  I  find  him  equally  thorough 
in  his  researches  and  full  in  his  details  in  regard  to  author 
ship  in  our  country.  Briefly,  his  is  a  work  of  immense 
labour  and  industry;  requiring  vast  resources  in  books; 
very  general  scholarship;  extensive  reading;  a  wonderful 
memory;  a  pains-taking  that,  note-book  in  hand,  suffers 
not  an  item,  of  any  value  to  a  subject,  to  escape  record; 
and  a  critical  taste  and  judgment  which  knows  justly  upon 
what  feature  of  an  author  to  expatiate,  and  seldom  fails  to 
discriminate  those  which  are  most  essential  to  the  forma 
tion  of  opinions.  It  is  especially  his  merit  that  he  seems 
to  preside  impartially. 

It  is  usually  the  mistake,  if  not  the  offence,  of  those  who 
have  charge  of  works  of  this  class,  that  they  represent 
cliques,  clans,  sects,  parties,  and  but  too  frequently  suffer  a 
bias  from  association,  or  a  prejudice  of  party  or  taste,  to 
impart  a  tone  to  their  criticism,  whether  of  praise  or  blame, 
which  renders  their  judgments  unjust,  and  to  this  degree 
valueless.  This  has  been  quite  too  much  the  case  with  Ame 
rican  criticism.  Mr.  Allibone  shows  none  of  this.  He  is, 
besides,  far  from  that  wretched  sectionality  which  is  but 
too  apt  to  show  itself  in  the  literary  compilations  of  this 
country.  I  have  been  at  some  pains  to  see  how  far  he 
accords  his  attention  to  the  writers  and  literary  authorities 
of  the  South,  and  it  is  with  pleasure  that  I  find  his  record 
making  a  fair  and  full  showing — as  full,  perhaps,  as  can 
be  made — of  what  has  been  done,  in  literary  respects, 
among  the  Southern  people.  Some  things,  no  doubt,  are 
omitted,  but  simply  for  the  reason  that  no  proper  record 
has  been  made  of  them  at  home;  and  no  stranger  could 
possibly  trace  out  the  full  sources  of  information  among 
a  rural  people,  having  no  large  publishing  cities,  and  living 
so  [sparsely  in  such  immense  territory,  without  incurring 
such  a  degree  of  labour  and  expense  as  would  most  effec 
tually  discourage  such  an  enterprise.  Let  me  congratulate 
you,  gentlemen,  upon  the  success  of  your  editor  in  this 
very  comprehensive  compilation.  Nor  should  I  omit  to 
mention  that,  as  publishers,  you  have  done  your  part  of  the 
work  in  a  highly  creditable  manner.  In  typography,  paper, 
and  binding,  this  volume  is  worthy  of  a  place  in  any  library* 
I  am,  gentlemen,  your  ob't  and  obliged  serv't, 

Childs  &  Peterson.  W.  GILMORE  SIMMS.      - 


From  Lord  Napier. 

H.B.M.'s  Legation,  Washington,  Jan.  15, 1859. 
Sir: — I  have  the  honour  to  acknowledge  the  receipt  of 
your  kind  letter  accompanying  the  first  volume  of  your 
"Dictionary  of  British  and  American  Authors."  I  beg  to 
thank  you  for  the  mark  of  attention  of  which  you  have 
made  me  the  object,  and  I  highly  appreciate  the  value  of  a 
work  which  appears  to  be  much  more  full  and  more  accu 
rate  than  any  of  the  same  kind  which  have  preceded  it. 

I  am,  sir,  your  obedient  faithful  servant, 
&  Austin  Allibone,  Es^.  NAPIEE. 


10 


TESTIMONIALS   TO   ALLIBONE'S   DICTIONARY  OF   AUTHORS. 


From  Gco.  W.  Bethune,  D.D.,  of  the  Dutch  Reformed  Church, 
Brooklyn. 

I  ain  not  worthy  to  give  an  opinion  of  Mr.  Allibone's 
great  work,  the  first  volume  of  which  has  been  on  my  table 
for  some  days.  After  closely  reading  a  number  of  the 
articles,  I  confess  myself  astonished  at  the  range  of  infor 
mation  and  accuracy  of  detail  displayed  throughout,  and 
equally  admire  the  soundness  of  the  criticisms  as  well  as 
*  he  plan  on  which  the  notices  are  constructed. 

With  some  of  the  subjects  and  their  writings  my  pursuits 
have  made  me  familiar.  Of  these  I  am  more  competent 
to  judge,  and  may  fairly  consider  the  treatment  of  them 
as  proving  the  character  of  the  Dictionary.  I  have  in  no 
case  been  disappointed.  No  name  of  any  account  has 
been  omitted,  and  the  facts  are  as  fully  given  as  the  limits 
set  by  the  preface  would  allow. 

Mr.  Allibone  has  thus  far  exceeded  the  highest  expecta 
tions  of  his  most  partial  friends.  He  has  their  unfeigned 
thanks  for  what  he  has  done  in  contributing  to  the  biblio 
graphy  of  the  world,  and  their  best  wishes  that  his  future 
success  may  equal  (it  can  scarcely  exceed)  his  present 
triumph. 

GEO.  W.  BETHUNE. 

Brooklyn,  Jan.  8, 1859. 


From  S.  Irenaeus  Prime,  D.D.,  Editor  New  York  Observer. 

New  York,  Feb.  3, 1859. 

Gentlemen : — The  first  volume  of  your-  great  Dictionary 
of  Authors  I  have  perused  with  astonishment  and  delight. 
It  is  just  what  I  have  long  desired  to  have,  and  have 
sought  for  in  vain.  Thousands  of  clergymen,  students, 
and  all  literary  and  intelligent  men,  must  wish  to  have  just 
this  work ;  and  they  will  have  it,  when  they  learn  that  it 
is  in  the  world.  It  deserves  the  most  cordial  reception, 
and  I  trust  that  the  author  and  the  publishers  will  have 
the  largest  reward  for  their  enterprise  and  labour. 
Yours  truly, 

S.  IRENJEUS  PRIME. 
Child*  &  Peterson. 


From  Francis  L.  Hawks,  LL.D.,  D.D.,  Ac. 

New  York,  Feb.  2, 1859. 

Gentlemen: — The  book  is  of  that  class  of  works  which 
make  their  way  by  their  own  merits,  and  carries  with  it  its 
own  best  recommendation.  As  a  book  of  reference  it  is 
one  of  the  most  valuable  I  ever  saw,  displaying  as  it  does 
on  every  page  the  careful  and  conscientious  research  of 
the  author,  added  to  an  information  the  most  extensive, 
and  singular  impartiality  of  statement.  The  amount  of 
labour  bestowed  on  its  preparation  must  have  been  im 
mense;  and  so  well  bestowed  has  it  been,  that  I  can  readily 
believe  the  work  is  destined  to  occupy  a  high  position  in 
the  department  of  letters  to  which  it  is  devoted. 
Very  respectfully,  gentlemen, 

Your  obedient  servant, 

FRANCIS  L.  HAWKS, 

Childs  &  Peterson. 

From  Rev.  Henry  Ward  Beecher,  of  Plymouth  Church,  Brooklyn. 

Brooklyn,  Jan.  26,  1859. 

Gentlemen : — I  received  the  copy  of  Allibone's  Dictionary 
of  Authors,  and,  though  I  have  not  had  time  to  give  it  a 
searching  examination,  I  have  consulted  it  sufficiently  to 
give  me  a  very  high  opinion  of  its  merits.  Although  I 
have  several  Biographical  Collections,  including  Rose's, 
I  regard  this  as  the  best  of  them  all,  and  in  all  respects 
I  prefer  it  to  any  that  1  am  acquainted  with.  When  it 
shall  be  completed,  I  shall  be  disappointed  if  it  be  not  found 
the  very  best  work  ever  compiled. 
I  am  very  truly  yours, 

H.  W.  BEECHER. 

Child*  &  Peterson. 


From  N.  P.  Willis,  Esq. 

IdlewUd,  New  York,  Dec.  29, 1858. 

Gentlemen : — Mr.  Allibone's  "  Dictionary  of  Authors"  is 
a  splendid  crystallization  of  points  of  knowledge  much 
wanted,  and  its  character  seems  to  me  admirably  expressed 
in  the  words  of  the  advertisement: — "It  is  intended  to  be 
to  the  literature  of  the  language  what  a  dictionary  of  words 
is  to  the  language  itself."  As  far  as  I  have  had  time  to 
examine  it,  it  carries  this  idea  well  out.  No  gentlemen's 
or  scholar's  library,  I  should  think,  would  be  complete 
without  it,  when  once  to  be  had. 

Yours  very  sincerely, 

N.  P.  WILLIS. 

Childs  &  Peterson. 

IdlewUd,  Jan.  29, 1859. 

My  dear  Sir: — With  better  knowledge  of  your  book  from 
repeated  feasts  upon  it,  I  am  ashamed  to  have  written  you 
so  commonplace  an  acknowledgment  of  its  first  receipt. 
Of  all  the  storehouses  of  interesting  and  readable  matter, 
the  "Dictionary  of  Authors"  seems  to  me  the  most  capti 
vating.  The  good  taste,  industry,  and  skill  of  arrange 
ment  therein  manifested  could  not  be  surpassed,  and  it 
will  make  for  you  a  reputation  very  enviable.  I  shall  try 
to  make  amends  in  print  for  my  apparently  inappreciative 
first  acknowledgment  of  the  acquisition. 

With  many  sincere  thanks  for  the  prize  I  have  in  the 
book,  I  remain,  my  dear  sir, 

Yours  faithfully, 

N.  P.  WILLIS. 

S.  Austin  Allibone,  Esq. 

From  the  Rt.  Rev.  Francis  Patrick  Kenrick,  Archbishop  of 
Baltimore,  &c. 

Baltimore,  Dec.  23, 1858. 

Dear  Sir: — I  return  you  many  thanks  for  the  beautiful 
present  of  your  magnificent  work, "  Dictionary  of  Authors," 
of  which  the  first  volume  has  reached  me.  It  is  a  work 
of  immense  research,  and  compiled  with  great  judgment. 
In  perusing  several  of  its  articles,  I  felt  satisfied  that  justice 
towards  all  was  aimed  at,  and,  although  the  judgments  of 
men  vary  as  to  the  merits  of  authors,  I  see  no  evidence  of 
wilful  injustice  or  bias.  I  allude  of  course  to  the  articles 
regarding  Catholic  writers  or  their  opponents.  Wishing 
you  great  success  in  your  literary  labours, 
I  remain,  dear  sir, 

Your  obliged  friend  and  servant, 

t  FRANCIS  PATRICK  KENRICK. 
S.  Austin  Allibone,  Esq.  A.  B. 


From  Dr.  Sprague,  Author  of  the  Annals  of  the  American 
Pulpit,  &c. 

Albany,  Dec.  27, 1858. 

My  dear  Sir: — In  acknowledging  the  first  volume  of 
your  great  work,  I  wish  to  speak  first  of  the  impression 
it -has  made  upon  me,  after  the  examination  which  I  have 
been  able  to  give  to  it  in  two  or  three  days;  for  though  it 
found  me,  as  usual,  overwhelmed  with  engagements,  it  has 
so  enchained  me  that  I  have  been  obliged  to  leave  other 
matters  in  a  great  measure  to  take  care  of  themselves.  I 
have  no  hesitation  in  pronouncing  it  one  of  the  most  re 
markable  books  of  the  age,  or  I  may  say  of  any  age.  I 
know  not  whether  to  admire  most  its  extent,  its  discrimi 
nation,  or  its  accuracy.  It  will  make  you  the  benefactor 
of  all  ages  and  all  countries.  You  have  great  reason  to 
bless  Providence  for  having  directed  your  thoughts  in  such 
a  channel. 

Believe  me,  my  dear  sir, 

Ever  gratefully  and  faithfully  yours, 

W,  B.  SPRAGUE, 
S.  Austin  Allibone,  Esq. 


TESTIMONIALS   TO   ALLIBONE'S    DICTIONARY  OF  AUTHORS. 


11 


From  Hon.  Henry  D.  Gilpin,  late  Attorney-General  of  United  States. 
No.  300  South  Eleventh  Street, 
Philadelphia,  January  14,  1859. 

Dear  Sir  .-—Messrs.  Childs  &  Peterson  sent  me,  the  even 
ing  before  last,  the  first  volume  of  your  Dictionary,  and  I 
have  spent  a  large  portion  of  my  leisure,  since  then,  in  look 
ing  through  and  reading  many  of  the  articles.  I  cannot, 
delay  to  express  to  you  my  thanks  for  this  remarkable  ad 
dition  to  our  literature,  which  is  a  monument  erected  for 
yourself  as  a  lover  and  cultivator  of  letters  which  will  long 
endure.  I  am  quite  astonished  at  the  extent  of  your  re 
searches  and  the  copiousness  of  your  information.  The  bio 
graphical  incidents,  connected  with  the  authors,  are  in  them 
selves  of  great  value,  supplying,  in  important  points  and  in 
very  numerous  instances,  facts  that  compilations  expressly 
devoted  to  biography  do  not  furnish.  The  references  to  more 
full  critical  views  of  their  works  than  your  space  would 
permit,  and  than  would,  indeed,  be  desirable,  give  xas  a  key 
to  unlock  all  the  treasures  of  criticism.  The  spirit  of  can 
dor  that  dictates  your  own  remarks, — even  in  instances 
where  you  exhibit  your  own  preferences, — and  the  selections 
of  judgments  from  various  authorities  often  viewing  the 
subjects  in  different  lights,  aid  justness  and  impartiality 
where  our  opinions  are  yet  to  be  formed,  and  teach  us  to 
review  such  as  we  have  made.  I  place  your  volume  on 
my  shelf  with  the  certainty  that  it  will  be  one  constantly 
referred  to,  and  always  with  satisfaction  and  profit. 
Very  respectfully  yours, 

HENEY  D.  GILPIN. 

S.  Austin  Allibone,  Esq. 

From  R.  Shelton  Mackenzie,  D.C.L.,  Editor  of  Noctes  Ainbrosianae. 
Philadelphia,  Jan.  11,  1859. 

My  dear  Sir: — Thanking  you  most  cordially  for  the  first 
volume  of  your  magnum  opus,  I  have  to  say  that  I  have 
examined  it  carefully  and  critically,  and  am  astonished  at 
the  research  it  exhibits,  and  the  great — almost  wonderful — 
accuracy  which  pervades  its  every  article. 

Many  years  ago  I  commenced  the  collection  of  materials 
for  such  a  work,  devoted  to  living  authors  alone,  but,  after 
much  trouble  and  extensive  correspondence,  had  the  con 
clusion  unwillingly  forced  upon  me  that  it  was  a  work  for 
many  persons,  and  not  for  a  single  mind  and  one  pair  of 
hands.  However,  you  have  done  all  that  my  ambition 
aimed  at,  and  double  the  work,  and  its  value,  by  including 
dead  as  well  as  living  writers. 

Every  man  who  writes,  and  all  who  read,  must  feel  the 
advantage  of  having  your  Dictionary  at  hand.  It  is  full, 
but  it  also  has  the  great  merit  of  being  wholly  reliable. 
I  look  for  the  concluding  volume  with  great  expectation 
but  no  anxiety.  Your  performance  in  vol.  i.  gives  ample 
promise  of  equal  success  in  what  is  to  follow.  No  man 
of  letters,  single-handed,  has  ever  done  any  thing  even 
one-half  so  good  as  this. 

Your  assured  friend, 

K.  SHELTON  MACKENZIE. 

S.  Austin  Allibone,  Esq. 


From  Chauncey  A.  Goodrich,  D.D.,  Prof,  of  tho  Pastoral  Charge, 
Yale  College,  Editor  of  Webster's  Quarto  Dictionary,  Ac. 

T.  4^   ,  Yale  College,  Jan.  28,  1859. 

Gentlemen: — I  have  examined  with  lively  interest  the 
first  volume  of  Mr.  Allibone's  Dictionary  of  Authors,  and 
have  been  more  and  more  struck,  as  I  advanced,  with  the 
comprehensiveness  of  the  plan  and  the  vast  amount  of 
labour  bestowed  upon  its  execution.  It  cannot  fail  to  be 
one  of  the  most  valuable  works  of  the  kind  in  any  lan 
guage,  and  richly  deserves  the  approbation  and  patronage 
of  every  scholar. 

CHAUNCEY  A.  GOODBICH, 

Child*  &  Peterson. 


From  George  B.  Cheever,  D.D.,  Pastor  of  the  Church  of  the  Puri 
tans,  New  York. 

New  York,  Feb.  8,  1859. 

Gentlemen: — The  first  volume  of  Allibone's  Dictionary 
of  Authors  seems  to  me  a  wonderful  example  and  result 
of  industry  and  accurate  research.  The  judicious  selection 
of  brief  extracts  from  contemporary  and  other  critics,  cha 
racterizing  the  works  of  many  of  the  authors  named,  is  an 
element  of  value  in  this  great  undertaking  adding  to  the 
variety  and  interest  of  the  volume,  historical,  biographical, 
and  critical.  The  work  in  my  judgment  is  of  very  great 
value  and  importance. 

Respectfully  and  truly,  Ac., 

GEORGE.  B.  CHEEVER. 
Childs  &  Peterson. 


From  Edward  Robinson,  D.D.,  President  Union  Theological  Semi 
nary,  Author  of  Biblical  Researches  in  Palestine,  &c. 
Union  Theological  Seminary, 

New  York,  Jan.  28,  1859. 

Gentlemen : — Please  accept  my  thanks  for  the  first  volume 
of  Mr.  Allibone's  Dictionary  of  Authors,  transmitted  by  you. 
Though  not  in  tho  habit  of  giving  my  name  to  the  public 
in  such  cases,  yet  of  this  volume  I  can  truly  say  that  it 
is  a  work  of  very  great  labour,  and  promises  to  be  emi 
nently  useful  as  a  book  of  daily  reference. 
Yours  respectfully, 

E.  BOBINSON. 

Childs  &  Peterson. 


From  Richard  Henry  Dana,  Esq.,  the  Poet. 

Boston,  Jan.  12, 1859. 

Dear  Sir: — The  thoroughness  and  ability  of  the  work 
are  highly  spoken  of  by  good  judges  here, — with  whom  I 
fully  agree  so  far  as  I  am  entitled  to  form  an  opinion. 

The  book  is  very  neatly  got  out,  and  so  clear  is  the  type 
that  at  seventy-one  years  of  age  I  have  been  able  to  read 
your  smallest  print  by  gaslight  without  glasses. 
Wishing  all  success  to  your  labours, 

I  am,  dear  sir,  sincerely  yours, 

BICHD.  H.  DANA. 

S.  Austin  Allibone,  Esq. 


From  Dr.  Strickland,  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church. 

Methodist  Book  Rooms, 
200  Mulberry  St.,  New  York,  Dec.  29, 1858. 
Dear  Sir:~-A\low  me  to  return  my  most  grateful  thanks 
for  the  first  volume  of  your  invaluable  work  on  English 
literature.  Your  biographical  sketches  of  English  and 
American  Authors  are  correct  and  impartial,  such  as,  I 
regret  to  say,  cannot  be  found  in  any  work  from  Watt's 
Bibliotheca  Britannica  down  to  the  last  bibliographi 
cal  dictionary.  The  "Critical  Dictionary  of  English 
Literature"  I  regard  as  the  most  valuable  and  interesting 
book  of  the  age,  and  as  indispensable  to  every  public  and 
private  library.  Most  truly  yours, 

W.  P.  STBICKLAND. 

S.  Austin  Allibone,  Esq. 

From  Theophilus  Parsons,  LL.D.,  Prof,  of  Law  in  Harvard  University. 

Cambridge,  Jan.  5, 1859. 

Dear  Sir: — I  have  had  the  first  volume  of  your  Dic 
tionary  for  some  days,  and  have  satisfied  myself  that  your 
plan  is  excellent,  and  that  you  have  carried  it  out  with  very 
great  industry  and  with  good  judgment.  The  fulness  and 
accuracy  of  its  information  concerning  modern  authors 
and  their  works  are  indeed  remarkable.  To  any  one  who 
desires  the  knowledge  your  book  purports  to  give, — and 
what  educated  man  does  not  ? — it  must  be  of  great  interest 
and  value.  Respectfully,  Ac., 

THEOPHILUS  FABSONS, 
S.  Austin  Allibone,  Esq. 


12 


TESTIMONIALS   TO  ALLIBONE'S   DICTIONARY  OF   AUTHORS. 


From  J.  P.  Durbin,  D.D.,  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church, 
Author  of  Travels  in  Europe,  the  East,  &c. 

New  York,  Feb.  12, 1859. 

Gentlemen: — I  have  carefully  examined  the  first  volume 
of  Mr.  S.  A.  Allibone's  "Critical  Dictionary  of  English 
Literature,  and  of  British  and  American  Authors,  Living 
and  Dead,"  which  you  have  been  pleased  to  send  me.  It 
not  only  gives  the  original  sources  of  information,  but  also 
a  list  of  the  works  of  each  writer,  and  the  well-weighed 
and  critical  opinion  of  the  author  of  the  Dictionary  touch 
ing  the  contents  and  merits  of  their  works.  A  brief  his 
tory  of  each  author's  life  is  given,  in  connection  with  his 
literary  work,  where  information  is  accessible. 

As  a  book  of  reference  for  reliable  information  in  regard 
to  British  and  American  Authors  and  Literature,  it  is  in 
valuable,  and  no  student,  or  scholar,  or  professional  man, 
ought  on  any  account  to  be  without  it.  It  is  executed  in 
an  impartial  and  able  manner,  both  as  it  regards  classes 
of  men  and  estimates  of  individual  authors.  It  is  a  library 
itself  within  its  particular  department  of  literature,  and  is 
necessary  to  the  library  of  every  intelligent  citizen.  There 
is  no  book  in  the  English  language  which  can  supply  its 
place. 

Wishing  Mr.  Allibone  and  yourselves  the  same  success 
in  preparing  and  issuing  the  remainder  of  the  work  as  has 
attended  the  first  volume, 

I  remain,  gentlemen,  yours  truly, 

J.  P.  DUBBIN. 

Childs  &  Peterson. 

From  Jos.  P.  Thompson,  D.D.,  of  the  Broadway  Tabernacle. 
New  York,  Feb.  10, 1859. 

Dear  Sir : — I  have  repeatedly  consulted  the  work,  and 
am  highly  gratified  with  the  copiousness  and  variety  of  its 
information  concerning  literature  and  literary  men.  I 
have  tested  its  accuracy  upon  names  and  topics  with  which 
I  am  familiar,  and  am  happy  to  bear  testimony  to  the 
carefulness  and  fidelity  of  your  labours.  It  is  to  be  ex 
pected  that  in  such  a  work  one  should  detect  occasional 
omissions  or  inaccuracies ;  but  so  few  are  there  in  compa 
rison  with  the  extent  of  topics  and  persons  embraced  in 
the  Dictionary,  that  every  student  must  prize  it  as  a  reliable 
book  of  reference.  Indeed,  I  already  feel  that  I  would  on 
no  account  dispense  with  it. 

The  biographical  sketches,  though  necessarily  brief,  are 
complete  for  their  purpose,  and  the  critical  notices  are 
candid  and  impartial.  I  congratulate  you  upon  the  suc 
cessful  achievement  of  a  task  which  few  would  have  had 
the  courage  to  attempt  or  the  ability  to  accomplish. 
I  am,  sir,  with  high  respect,  yours  truly, 

JOS.  P.  THOMPSON. 

&  Austin  Allibone,  Esq. 

From  Gulian  C.  Verplanck,  LL.D.,  Regent  of  the  University  of  the 
State  of  New  York,  Editor  of  the  Illustrated  Shakspeare,  Ac. 
New  York,  Jan.  5, 1859. 

Dear  Sir: — I  have  found  the  work  all  that  the  high  at 
testations  to  its  merits  from  our  most  eminent  writers  led 
me  to  expect  It  seems  to  me  to  be  as  perfect  as  it  is  pos 
sible  for  any  individual  to  make  it.  It  is  a  work  of  the 
greatest  utility  and  of  admirable  research,  learning,  and 
accuracy.  I  cannot  but  add  that  the  articles  of  higher 
criticism  (as  on  Johnson,  Gibbon,  Ac.)  are  excellent  alike 
on  their  moral  and  critical  judgments. 

I  trust  that  the  success  of  the  publication  will  be  equal 
to  its  merits,  and  it  will  give  me  great  pleasure  if  I  can  in 
any  way  contribute  to  aid  you  in  the  remainder  of  your 
labour.  I  am  yours  truly, 

GULIAN  C.  VERPLANCK. 
&  Austin  Allibone,  Esq. 


From  Fitz-Greene  Halleck,  the  Poet. 

Guilford,  Conn.,  Feb.  6,  1859. 

Gentlemen: — I  cannot  look  upon  the  book  merely  as 
upon  others  of  similar  titles.  Admirable  as  it  is  as  a  book 
of  reference,  treasure  as  it  is  to  every  librarian,  library  as 
it  is  in  itself,  inestimable  in  its  usefulness  to  the  learned 
world  of  present  and  future  writers  and  compilers,  I,  one 
of  the  unlearned,  am  reading  it  page  by  page  for  the  plea 
sure  it  gives  me,  and  for  possessing,  as  it  does,  not  only 
the  charm  of  novelty  in  its  design  and  execution,  but  in 
its  narrative  and  dramatic  interest  all  the  charm  of  a  novel. 
I  attribute  these  peculiar  charms  to  one  peculiarly  original 
feature  of  Mr.  Allibone's  plan.  Since  the  commencement 
of  the  present  century,  the  best  writers  in  our  language 
have  devoted  their  best  thoughts  and  impressions  to  the 
periodical  criticism  of  their  time,  embracing  their  views 
of  past  and  present  authors.  Of  the  best  specimens  of 
these  criticisms  Mr.  Allibone  has  skilfully  availed  himself, 
and  by  blending  their  various  excellencies  of  thought  and 
style  with  his  own,  and  judiciously  and  impartially  con 
trasting  their  conflicting  opinions — the  opinions  of  our 
ablest  and  highest  cultivated  minds — with  each  other,  has 
not  only  enriched  us  with  an  embodiment  of  our  most 
beautiful  and  most  valuable  recent  literature,  but  has  so 
gracefully  interwoven  it  with  the  lives  and  characters  of 
the  several  subjects- of  his  biographies  as  to  make  them, 
taken  all  together,  as  Dr.  Johnson  said  of  Goldsmith's 
projected  Natural  History,  "as  entertaining  as  a  fairy 
tale." 

Congratulating  you  upon  the  possession  of  a  book  of 
such  magnitude  and  importance,  so  creditable  to  your 
character  for  enterprise  and  sagacity,  and  so  certain  of 
proving  a  permanent  and  profitable  investment  of  your 
capital, 

I  remain,  gentlemen,  truly  yours, 

FITZ-GBEENE  HALLECK. 

Childs  &  Peterson. 


From  Dr.  Barnard,  the  eminent  writer  on  Education,  and  Editor 
of  Barnard's  American  Journal  of  Education,  &c. 

Hartford,  Conn.,  Dec.  30, 1858. 

Dear  Sir: — I  have  examined  with  great  satisfaction  the 
first  volume  of  your  Critical  Dictionary  of  English  Litera 
ture,  especially  the  English  and  American  Authors  in  my 
own  special  range  of  research  and  reference.  I  have  nothing 
among  my  books  of  reference  so  comprehensive  and  accu 
rate, — so  well  calculated  to  answer  immediate  conversa 
tional  and  reading  purposes,  or  to  open  up  the  sources  of 
extended  and  exhaustive  research  in  the  department  of 
literary  biography  and  bibliography.  It  deserves  a  place 
in  every  library, — individual  or  public,  of  circulation  or 
reference.  Your  obedient, 

HENBY  BABNABD. 

S.  Austin  Allibone,  Esq. 

From  John  G.  Whittier,  the  Poet. 

Amesbury,  2d,  1st  month,  1859. 

Dear  Friend: — I  have  examined  with  great  satisfaction 
thy  Dictionary  of  English  Literature.  As  a  work  of  re 
ference  it  will  be  invaluable.  It  places  before  tbfe  reader 
a  vast  amount  of  biographical  and  literary  information, 
giving  not  only  an  account  of  the  authors  themselves  and 
their  publications,  but  the  critical  comments  of  the  best 
judges  upon  them.  The  amount  of  labour  and  research 
bestowed  upon  the  work  surprises  mo.  If  completed  as 
begun,  it  will  be  a  most  valuable  addition  to  our  literature, 
and  entitle  the  author  to  the  thanks  of  all  who  love  books. 
Very  truly  thy  friend, 

JOHN  G.  WHITTLES. 
S.  Austin  Allibone,  Esq. 


TESTIMONIALS   TO   ALLIBONE'S  DICTIONARY  OF  AUTHORS. 


13 


From  Judge  James  Hall,  of  Cincinnati,  Author  of  Legends  of  the 
West,  &c. 

Cincinnati,  Jan.  31, 1859. 

Gentlemen:— I  have  examined  the  first  volume  of  Alli 
bone's  Dictionary  of  Authors  with  care,  and  with  an  inte 
rest  awakened  by  the  novelty  and  comprehensiveness  of 
its  plan.  The  work  is  evidently,  as  the  author  describes 
it,  "the  fruit  of  many  years  of  anxious  research  and  con 
scientious  toil,"  and  is  as  remarkable  for  the  variety  as  for 
the  vast  amount  of  the  information  contained  in  it.  I 
consider  it  a  production  of  rare  excellence,  which  fills  a 
vacant  place  in  our  literature.  It  is  not  only  a  Dictionary 
of  Authors,  but  also  a  history  of  authorship.  It  covers 
the  whole  field  of  English  Literature  and  Science,  em 
bracing  a  larger  number  of  names  of  authors  than  any  simi 
lar  work.  The  criticisms  are  brief,  but  satisfactory,  and 
for  the  most  part  conclusive. 

The  feature  which  most  clearly  distinguishes  this  work 
from  others  of  similar  purport,  is  that  it  is  bibliographical 
as  well  as  biographical.  It  describes,  classes,  and  cata 
logues  books,  as  well  as  the  writers  of  books.  It  contains 
elaborate  indexes  of  books  and  of  subjects,  so  that  not 
only  may  the  name  of  any  given  writer  be  found,  with  the 
outlines  of  his  career  and  character,  but  a  book  may  be 
searched  out  under  its  title,  or  under  the  subject  of  which 
it  treats.  Those  indexes  direct  the  inquirer  to  all  the  books 
which  have  been  written  on  the  subject  of  his  inquiry,  and 
inform  him  of  their  relative  merits.  It  is  such  a  work  as 
would  be  desirable  to  every  student  and  man  of  letters; 
but  to  librarians,  to  persons  having  or  designing  to  collect 
libraries,  to  booksellers,  to  principals  of  the  higher  schools, 
to  all  to  whom  books  and  literature  form  a  subject  of  pri 
mary  interest,  it  will  be  indispensable. 

I  will  only  add,  that,  so  far  as  I  can  judge  from  one 
volume,  American  literature  has  received  an  impartial 
share  of  Mr.  Allibone's  attention.  That  of  the  West,  I  feel 
satisfied,  has  had  full  justice  done  to  it. 

Very  truly  yours,  JAMES  HALL, 

Childs  &  Peterson. 

From  Dr.  Cogswell,  Librarian  of  the  Astor  Library. 

New  York,  Jan.  3, 1859. 

Dear  Sir: — I  received  your  first  volume  on  the  30th 
ultimo,  and  would  have  immediately  acknowledged  your 
great  kindness  in  honouring  me  with  a  presentation-copy, 
but  I  wanted  first  to  have  an  opportunity  of  looking  at 
various  articles,  that  I  might  say  a  word  of  the  work.  From 
this  hasty  and  imperfect  examination,  it  appears  to  me  to 
be  entitled  to  very  high  praise.  I  came  upon  no  article 
that  was  not  just  and  discriminating,  and  could  not  but 
wonder  that  you  should  have  been  able  to  devote  the  time 
to  it  which  it  manifestly  required. 

Yours  truly,  JOS.  G.  COGSWELL. 

S.  Austin  Allibone,  Esq. 

From  Prof.  Charles  D.  Cleveland,  Author  of  Compendium  of 
English  Literature,  &c. 

Phila.,  903  Clinton  St.,  Jan.  27, 1859. 

Gentlemen: — Since  I  received  my  copy  of  Allibone's  Dic 
tionary  of  Authors,  I  have  had  occasion  to  consult  it  very 
many  times,  and  always  to  my  satisfaction.  To  praise  it 
would  be  superfluous:  its  great  value  must  be  patent  to 
every  one  who  merely  glances  at  its  pages.  Indeed,  it  is 
an  absolute  necessity,  not  only  to  every  man  of  letters, 
but  to  every  family  circle  where  literature  is  in  the  least 
degree  cultivated. 

Wishing  you  every  success  which  your  enterprising 
spirit  nobly  deserves, 

I  am  yours  very  truly,          CHAS.  D.  CLEVELAND, 

Childs  &  Peterson. 


From  Hon.  Eoger  B.  Taney,  Chief-Justice  of  the  Supreme  Court 
of  the  United  States. 

Washington,  Feb.  12, 1859. 

Dear  Sir: — I  am  sorry  to  have  so  long  delayed  acknow 
ledging  your  kindness  in  sending  me  the  first  volume  of 
your  Dictionary  of  English  Literature.  My  apology  is, 
pressing  official  duties,  with  infirm  health. 

I  have,  however,  found  time  to  look  into  it  sufficiently 
to  form  an  opinion  of  its  value ;  and  that  opinion  is  a  very 
favourable  one.  My  examination,  for  want  of  more  time, 
has  been  confined  chiefly  to  eminent  English  writers  of 
past  ages  on  English  law.  And  I  find  the  prominent 
events  of  their  lives  briefly  stated,  together  with  a  correct 
list  of  their  works,  (as  far  as  I  can  judge,)  and  the  criti 
cisms  upon  them  by  other  eminent  authors,  whether  fa 
vourable  or  unfavourable,  fairly  given. 

Your  plan  appears  to  me  to  be  new,  and  a  happy  one; 
and  as  a  book  of  reference  your  work  will  be  found  valu 
able  in  any  library. 
With  great  respect, 

I  am,  dear  sir,  your  obedient  servant, 

B.  B.  TANEY. 
S.  Austin  Allibone,  Esq. 


From  Benson  J.  Leasing,  author  of  Pictorial  Field-Book  of  the 
Revolution,  &c. 
PougJikeepsie,  N.  Y.,  January  13, 1859. 

My  dear  Sir: — I  received  the  first  volume  of  your  Dic 
tionary  of  English  and  American  Authors  just  as  I  was 
starting  for  Lake  Champlain.  I  have  employed  every 
spare  moment  since  my  return  in  a  general  and  special 
examination  of  it,  and  I  thank  you  most  heartily  for  the 
delight  and  instruction  it  has  given  me. 

From  specimen-sheets  I  had  formed  a  most  favourable 
opinion  of  the  work ;  but  I  had  no  just  conception  of  its 
scope  and  completeness.  The  care,  industry,  patience, 
perseverance,  candour,  judgment,  discrimination,  and  inde 
pendence  of  spirit,  which  mark  every  page,  give  it  a  charm 
for  the  student  such  as  truth  in  all  its  simple  beauty  never 
fails  to  bestow.  A  profound  reverence  for  facts,  an  earnest 
desire  to  be  fair,  a  sincere  wish  to  be  honest,  and  an  open- 
hearted,  open-handed  exhibition  of  each  author's  works, 
so  that  they  may  be  seen  in  the  various  lights  in  which 
critics  have  discovered  their  faults  and  their  excellencies, 
are  everywhere  discernible,  and  give  a  value  to  the  book 
that  commands  high  appreciation  and  prophesies  of  ho 
nourable  companionship  with  the  best  literary  productions 
of  the  age.  It  will  become  indispensable  to  all  who  feel 
a  desire  for  general  knowledge  concerning  what  has  been 
accomplished  in  the  wide  field  of  British  and  American 
Literature,  for  it  will  fill  a  void  long  felt  and  lamented. 

I  have  examined  the  work  also  with  especial  reference 
to  its  value  to  the  inquirer  after  the  best  sources  of  infor 
mation  on  the  subject  of  American  history,  and  find  it 
most  perfect  in  that  particular  thus  far.  When  the  work 
shall  be  completed  in  the  same  full  and  comprehensive 
manner  exhibited  by  this  first  volume,  it  will  readily 
answer  every  reasonable  inquiry  upon  that  subject.  In  a 
word,  my  dear  sir,  the  general  student,  the  scholar,  the 
author,  all  have  reason  to  thank  you  for  the  preparation 
of  this  work;  and  I  trust  it  will  find  its  way,  freighted 
with  its  rich  treasures  of  fact  and  thought,  wherever  there 
is  a  soul  craving  such  food  as  it  may  distribute. 
Yours  very  truly, 

BENSON  J,  LOSSING. 

S.  Austin  Allibone,  Esq. 


it  ill  IJUMI  or  rui  rtjflr.ri.efnr>]  c£jxi^u;a 


THE    CHIEF    GLOHT    OF   EVERY  PEOPLE   ARISES   FROM  ITS    AUTHOR  S."-DH.  JOHNSON. 


Entered,  according  to  an  act  of  Congress,  in  the  year  18 54. toy 

S  AT'STIX  ALL1BONE, 

in.  the  clerk's  office  of  tlie  District  CoiiTt  of  the  United  States. in  and  tor  the  Eastern  District 
of  Pennsylvania. 

Entered  according  to  an  act  of  Congress. in  the  year  1858, toy 

&EORGE  W  CHILD  S, 

in  the  clerk's  office  of  the  District  Court  of  the  United  States,  in  and  for  the  Eastern  District 
of  Pennsylvania . 


CRITICAL 


DICTUM  OF 


AND 


BRITISH  AND  AMERICAN  AUTHORS, 

ifthi  aito 


FROM   THE   EARLIEST   ACCOUNTS 

TO  THE  MIDDLE  OF  THE  NINETEENTH  CENTURY. 

CONTAINING 

THIRTY  THOUSAND  BIOGRAPHIES  AND  LITERARY  NOTICES, 
WITH  FORTY  INDEXES  OP  SUBJECTS. 

BT 
S.  AUSTIN  ALLIBONE     \*  I  fe' 


"THE  CHIEF  GLORT  OP  EVERT  PEOPLE  ARISES  FROM  ITS  AUTHORS."—!)*.  JOHNSON. 


VOL.  I. 


PHILADELPHIA: 

CHILDS  &  PETERSON,  602  ARCH  STREET. 
185& 


"Z.  l^  ^H- 

•Ar 


Entered,  according  to  an  act  of  Congress,  in  the  year  1854,  by 
S.  AUSTIN  ALLIBONE, 

in  the  clerk's  office  of  the  District  Court  of  the  United  States,  in  and  for  the  Eastern  District 

of  Pennsylvania. 


Entered  according  to  act  of  Congress,  in  the  year  1858,  by 

GEORGE  W.  CHILDS, 

in  the  clerk's  office  of  the  District  Court  of  the  United  States  in  and  for  the  Eastern  District 

of  Pennsylvania. 


STEREOTYPED  BY  L.  JOHNSON  AND  CO. 

PHILADELPHIA. 
PRINTED  BY  DEACON  &  PETERSON. 


TO 

GEORGE  WILLIAM  CHILDS, 

%  $ttbli0fyer  01  ifeis  ffltorfe, 
WHO  HAS  GREATLY  FURTHERED  MY  LABOURS  BY  HIS  ENTERPRISE 

AND 

ZEALOUS  AND  INTELLIGENT  INTEREST, 


THE  FRUITS  OF  MANY  YEARS  OF  ANXIOUS  RESEARCH 

AND 

CONSCIENTIOUS  TOIL. 

S.  AUSTIN  ALLIBONE. 


PHILADELPHIA,  September  1,  1858. 


PREFACE. 


THE  importance  and  value  of  a  dictionary  of  a  lan 
guage  are  understood  and  appreciated  by  all.  If  I 
find  a  word  in  a  book,  or  hear  a  word  used  by  another, 
which  I  do  not  fully  comprehend,  I  have  nothing  to 
do  but  refer  to  my  dictionary,  where  all  the  needful 
information  is  before  me.  I  have  now  increased  my 
stock  of  knowledge,  and  can  use  the  word  myself  in 
speaking  or  writing,  and  comprehend  it  when  used 
by  others.  Another  link  is  added  to  those  ties  which 
bind  me  to  society ;  my  capacity  for  giving  and  re 
ceiving  valuable  information  and  innocent  pleasure 
is  enlarged.  It  is  now  natural  for  me  to  reason  with 
myself,  that  if  the  knowledge  of  only  one  new  term 
of  thought  be  so  desirable,  because  so  useful,  how 
would  my  usefulness  and  happiness  be  increased 
by  larger  additions  to  my  stock  of  mental  wealth ! 
A  life  spent  in  the  acquisition  of  knowledge,  surely 
would  be  a  happy  life !  But  few  men  can  so  devote 
their  whole  time,  and  if  this  were  practicable,  life  is 
too  short  for  any  one  man  to  possess  himself  of  all 
the  secrets  of  nature,  the  discoveries  of  science,  and 
the  triumphs  of  art.  I  cannot  at  the  same  time, 
gaze  with  the  astronomer,  explore  with  the  voyager, 
calculate  with  the  mathematician,  and  experiment 
with  the  philosopher.  But  it  occurs  to  me  that  there 
is  a  mode  in  which  I  may,  to  a  large  extent,  avail 
myself  of  the  results  of  the  labours  of  others.  These 
have  been  given  to  mankind  through  the  medium  of 
the  press.  I  can,  therefore,  devote  my  leisure  time 
to  such  profitable  reading  as  shall  make  me  acquainted 
with  much  of  which  I  must  otherwise  be  ignorant. 
Beading  is  that  art  by  which  I  am  enabled  to  avail 
myself  of  the  recorded  wisdom  of  mankind.  But 
here  a  practical  difficulty  suggests  itself.  The  multi 
plicity  of  books,  even  in  my  own  language,  renders 
a  careful  selection  absolutely  indispensable.  It  has 
been  computed  that  of  the  650,000  (?)  volumes  in  the 
English  language,  about  50,000  would  repay  a  peru-, 
sal!  Suppose  a  person  to  read  100  pages  a  day,  or 


100  volumes  a  year,  it  would  require  500  years  to 
exhaust  such  a  library !  How  important  is  it,  then, 
to  know  what  to  read !  And  how  shall  this  knowledge 
be  obtained  ?  Now  let  us  revert  to  our  opening  re 
marks  upon  the  value  of  a  dictionary  of  words.  If 
there  be  such  an  advantage  in  full  definition,  in 
alphabetical  arrangement,  and  consequent  facility  of 
reference,  why  should  we  not  have  a  dictionary  of 
books  and  authors  as  well  as  of  words?  Suppose  that 
I  wish  to  know  whether  Hume  or  Lingard's  History 
of  England,  or  Spenser's  Poems,  or  Burke's  Speeches, 
or  Thomson's  Seasons,  are  desirable  works  for  my 
school,  my  library,  my  parlour  table ; — or  suppose  I 
wish  to  know  the  personal  history  of  these  authors — 
of  Hume,  Lingard,  Burke,  Thomson — what  trouble  I 
shall  have  in  obtaining  the  desired  information !  But 
if  I  had  a  Dictionary  of  Literary  History  and  Bio 
graphy,  I  have  nothing  to  do  but  turn  to  H,  or  L,  or 
B,  or  T,  and  I  am  at  once  in  possession  of  what  1 
seek.  But  is  there  any  such  work  to  be  had  ?  It  is 
a  remarkable  fact  that,  notwithstanding  the  obvious 
advantages  of  such  a  work,  there  was  none  such  in 
print  before  the  present  publication.  There  were, 
indeed,  meagre  "  Compendiurns  of  English  Litera 
ture,"  and  "  Comprehensive  Cyclopaedias,"  the  largest 
of  which  (with  the  exception  of  a  book  of  titles  of 
works)  contains  about  850  out  of  more  than  30,000 
authors!  Much  of  such  knowledge,  too,  is  found 
scattered  here  and  there  in  expensive  biographical 
compilations,  which  can  never  become  popular,  be 
cause  very  costly,  and  are,  indeed,  insufficient  authori 
ties  in  literary  history. 

Deeply  lamenting  this  serious  deficiency  in  the 
English  Republic  of  Letters,  the  compiler  determined 
to  undertake  the  preparation  of  the  long-desired 
work,  and  he  now  has  the  pleasure  of  presenting  to 
the  public  the  results  of  labours  extending  over  a 
long  period,  and  pursued  with  unwearied  zeal,  in  "A 
CRITICAL  DICTIONARY  OF  ENGLISH  LITERATURE  AND 

3 


PREFACE. 


BRITISH  AND  AMERICAN  AUTHORS,  LIVING  AND  DE 
CEASED,  FROM  THE  EARLIEST  ACCOUNTS  TO  THE  MID 
DLE  OF  THE  19TH  CENTURY." 

The  principal  features  of  the  work  are  the  follow 
ing: 

1.  It  is  arranged  in  alphabetical  order,  to  insure 
facility  of  reference. 

2.  While  professing  to  chronicle  only  British  and 
American  authors,  in  our  College  of  Letters,  we 
have  sometimes  overlooked  the  question  of  nativity 
and  enrolled  a  writer  whose  insignia  of  literary 
nobility  could  properly  be  quartered  on  an  English 
field.    That,  indeed,  would  be  a  prodigal  parsimony 
which  should  exclude  from  the  national  coffers  of 
intellectual  wealth,  the  superscriptions  of  Anselm 
Lanfranc,  Benoit  De   Sainte-Maur,    and  Peter   of 
Blois. 

3.  As  a  general  rule,  a  succinct  biography  is  given 
of  each  author  of  note.     The  length  of  such  notice 
of  course,  depends  upon  his  prominence  as  an  indi 
vidual,  and  his  rank  as  an  author.     Those  of  the 
first  class,  such  as,  Addison  Anselm,  Ascham,  Bacon 
Burke,  Byron,  Bryant,  Chaucer,  Chillingworth,  Cla 
rendon,  Cowper,  Davy,  Dryden,  Dwight,  Edwards, 
Everett,    Franklin,  Gildas,   Gibbon,   Hallam,   Hall, 
Henry,   Irving,    Johnson,    Laud,    Leighton,    Locke, 
Milton,  More,  Newton,  Otway,  Paley,  Pope,  Prescott, 
Robertson,  Roscoe,    Savage,    Spenser,   Shakspeare, 
Sherlock,  Southey,  Sparks,  Taylor,  Thomson,  Tyn- 
dale,  Usher,  Vanbrugh,  Wace,  Warburton,  Walpole, 
Watts,  Waterland,  Wood,  Young,  and  SEVERAL  THOU 
SAND  OTHERS,  are  treated  at  considerable  length.  Less 
space  is  devoted  to  those  less  distinguished.     The 
number  of  authors  whose  works  are  noticed  is  about 
30,000,  a  far  greater  number  of  English  writers  than 
has  ever  before  been  brought  together  in  any  work, 
or  indeed  in  all  previous  publications. 

4.  The  most  valuable  feature  of  the  work  is  now 
to  be  mentioned.    Compilers  of  manuals  of  literature 
have  almost  universally  fallen  into  the  great  error  of 
giving  their  own  opinions,  almost  exclusively,  upon 
the  merits  or  demerits  of  the  authors  under  conside 
ration.    Now,  these  opinions  may  be  valuable  or  not : 
the  public  generally  neither  ask  nor  care  what  their 
views  may  be.     This  capital  error  is  avoided  in  the 
present  work.     The  compiler  occasionally  ventures 
an  opinion  of  his  own,  but  this  will  be  merely  sup 
plemental  to  opinions  better  known  and  more  highly 
appreciated  by  the  reading  public.     As  a  carefully 
prepared  RECORD  OF  THE  OPINIONS  OF  GREAT  MEN 
UPON  GREAT  MEN,  this  work  will  prove  an  invaluable 
guide  to  the  student  of  literary  history.   For  instance, 
able  criticisms  upon  the  speeches  and  literary  pro 
ductions  of  EDMUND  BURKE  have  been  written  or 
spoken  by  such  men  as  M.  Cazale's,  Charles  James 
Fox,  Sir  James  Mackintosh,  Dr.  Johnson,  Curran, 
Wilberforce,  the  Duke  de  Levis,  Gerard  Hamilton, 
Dr.  French  Laurence,  Lord  Eldon,  Dr.  Parr,  Robert 
Hall,  the  Emperor  of  Germany,  the  Princes  of  France, 


the  King  of  England;  in  modern  times,  by  Lord 
Brougham,  Lord  John  Russell,  Sir  Robert  Peel,  Mr. 
Macaulay,  and  many  others.  Now,  such  criticisms 
and  commendations,  invaluable  as  they  are,  are  float 
ing  about  in  books  and  pamphlets,  often  difficult  to 
procure,  and  troublesome  to  examine.  In  the  pre 
sent  work  they  will  be  found,  in  the  whole  or  in  part, 
arranged  in  a  few  pages  under  the  name  of  BURKE. 
Such  an  article  alone  is  well  worth  the  price  of  the 
whole  book.  When  Mr.  BRYANT  was  a  youthful  poet 
his  effusions  were  most  favourably  noticed  by  that 
first  class  authority,  the  LONDON  RETROSPECTIVE 
REVIEW,  as  well  as  by  other  periodicals  and  critics. 
Some  years  later,  CHRISTOPHER  NORTH  and  WASH 
INGTON  IRVING  (then  in  London)  displayed  their  good 
taste  by  warmly  applauding  the  "thoughts  that 
breathe  and  words  that  burn"  of  the  great  American 
bard.  In  the  present  work  the  reader  has  only  to 
turn  to  the  name  of  BRYANT,  to  find  an  account  of 
these  and  other  interesting  facts  connected  with  Mr. 
B.'s  poetical  career.  So  a  reference  to  the  name  of 
WASHINGTON  IRVING  will  place  him  in  possession  of 
the  prominent  events  connected  with  the  life  of  this 
distinguished  ornament  of  English  literature.  In 
like  manner  are  noticed  the  works  and  lives  of  the 
principal  living  (as  well  as  deceased)  British  authors : 
-HALLAM,  BROUGHAM,  MACAULAY,  DICKENS,  BULWEH 
LYTTON,  &c. 

5.  The  laudable  curiosity  of  the  bibliomaniac,  or 
lover  of  rare  works,  is  not  forgotten  in  this  volume. 
Occasional  notices  are  given  of 

"The  small,  rare  volume,  black  with  tarnished  gold." 

(Ferriar's  "Bibliomania,"  p.  11 :  Epistle  to  Richard 
Heber,  Esq.)  whilst  the  early  ROXBURGHE  FESTIVALS, 
the  tournaments  at  Leigh  and  Sotheby's,  and  the  tri 
umphs  of  DIBDIN,  HEBER,  and  THORPE,  claim  respect 
ful  remembrance. 

6.  The  second  division  of  this  work  consists  of  a 
copious  index  of  subjects,  so  that  the  inquirer  can 

FIND  AT  A  GLANCE  ALL  THE  AUTHORS  OF  ANY  NOTE  IN 
THE  LANGUAGE,  ARRANGED  UNDER  THE  SUBJECT  OR 
SUBJECTS  UPON  WHICH  THEY  HAVE  WRITTEN.  Under 

AGRICULTURE,  the  farmer  will  find  authors'  names 
alphabetically  arranged ;  and  by  turning  to  each  one, 
can  see  the  title  or  titles  of  his  work  or  works,  and 
probably  an  estimate  of  the  value  of  his  labours.  So 
n  ANTIQUITIES,  CHEMISTRY,  DIVINITY,  DRAMA,  LAW, 
POLITICAL  ECONOMY,  BIOGRAPHY,  &c.  This  arrange 
ment,  the  compiler  considers,  will  confer  an  inesti 
mable  value  upon  the  work.  He  thus  presents  to  the 
public,  in  one  volume,  a  COMPREHENSIVE  MANUAL 
OF  ENGLISH  LITERATURE — authors  and  subjects — a 
MANUAL  WHICH  is  TO  THE  LITERATURE  OF  THE  LAN 
GUAGE  WHAT  AN  ORDINARY  DICTIONARY  IS  TO  THE 
WORDS  OF  THE  LANGUAGE. 

7.  The  value  of  the  work  can  be  best  seen  by  a 
comparison  with  other  works  of  a  somewhat  similar 
character. 


PREFACE. 


1.  THE  BIOGRAPHIA  BRITANNICA  (complete),  in  7 
folio  volumes,  comes  down  to  a  no  later  period  than 
1766;  5  volumes  of  a  new  edition  were  published 
1778-93,  extending  to  letter  E,  and  part  of  F.     The 
number  of  authors  noticed  is  few,  and,  of  course,  il 
excludes  all  those  who  have  died  within  the  last 
sixty-two  years,  and  all  recent  discoveries  in  literary 
biography.     These  twelve  bulky  volumes,  which  are 
now  rarely  to  be  met  with,  are  worth  about  $35  to 
$40. 

2.  CHALMERS'S  BIOGRAPHICAL  DICTIONARY,  32  vols. 
8  vo.,  1812-17,  contains  in  all  less  than  9000  names, 
of  which  perhaps  2500  are  those  of  British   au 
thors  ;  it  is  sold  at  from  $45  to  $55.     It  contains 
no  author  who  has  died  within  about  forty  years. 
Our  work  gives  25,000  to  30,000  names  of  British 
and  American  authors  (including  the  living)  to  the 
present  time. 

Sr  WATT'S  BIBLIOTHECA  BRITANNICA,  1824,  4  vols., 
4to.,  like  the  other  works  named  above,  is  a  very 
valuable  compilation.  It  contains  the  names  of  about 
22,500  British,  and  perhaps  100  to  200  early  American, 
authors.  Of  biographical  notices  it  is  almost  desti 
tute;  in  many  cases  giving  a  line  where  our  work 
gives  a  column.  It  sells  for  $40  to  $50. 

4.  LOWNDES'S  BIBLIOGRAPHER'S  MANUAL,  1824,  4 
vols.,  8vo.,  gives  no  biography  of  consequence,  few 
modern   names,   and  very  meagre   critical  notices, 
where  any  at  all  are  presented.    It  is  but  little  more 
than  a  catalogue  of  titles,  though  a  work  of  much 
value  to  a  bibliographer.     It  meets  with  a  rapid  sale 
at  $24  to  $28,  and  is  now  very  scarce. 

5.  THE  NEW  BIOGRAPHICAL  DICTIONARY,  (Rose's) 
12  vols.,  8vo.,  1848,  contains  about  3700  names  of 
British  and  American  authors,  excluding  all  living. 
It  sells  for  $30  to  $40. 

6.  CHAMBERS'S  CYCLOPEDIA  OF  ENGLISH  LITERA 
TURE  is  a  most  valuable  work,  and  should  be  in  all 
libraries ;  but  as  a  map  of  English  literature  it  is 
very  defective,  though  from  no  fault  of  the  intelligent 
editor,  Mr.  Robert  Chambers.     He  designed  to  give 
specimens  of  the  works  of  a  few  authors,  rather  th,an 
a  history  of  British  and  American  authors  and  lite 
rature.    The  bulk  of  his  work  is  made  up  of  extracts 
from  the  few  authors  noticed.     Of  these  there  are 
832  only,  WHO  ARE  ALL  INCLUDED  IN  OUR  OWN  WORK, 
AND  SOME  25,000  TO  30,000  IN  ADDITION!     Not  only 
have  we  all  of  the  British  authors  noticed  by  CHAM 
BERS,  but  all  included  in  WATT'S  BIBLIOTHECA  BRITAN 
NICA,  in  LOWNDES'S  BIBLIOGRAPHER'S  MANUAL,  in 
ROSE'S  BIOGRAPHICAL  DICTIONARY,  1848,  12  vols., 
8vo.,  CLEVELAND'S  COMPENDIUMS  OF  ENGLISH  LITE 
RATURE,  &c. ;  all  of  the  American  authors  to  be  found 
in  R.  W.  Griswold's  compilations,  in  Allen's  American 
Biographical  Dictionary,  and  many  more,  both  British 
and  American,  never  before  included  in  a  work  of 
this  kind.    If  it  be  asked,  how  is  it  possible  for  us  to 
have  compressed  so  vast  a  quantity  of  information 
into  one  volume,  we  answer  that,  though  we  give 


only  one  volume,  yet  this  contains  the  matter  of  more 
than  thirty  ordinary  12mo.  volumes  of  350  pages  each. 
It  is  needless  to  enlarge  upon  the  superior  convenience 
for  reference  which  one  large  volume  possesses  over 
a  number  of  smaller  ones. 

We  shall  now  proceed  to  show  the  weighty  claiias 
which  our  work  presents  to  the  attention  of  the  mem 
bers  of  the  various  professions,  and  the  public  gene 
rally. 

1.  The  CLERGYMAN  will  find  it  an  invaluable 
guide  in  his  professional  duties.     How  often  is  he  at 
a  loss  to  know  what  books  to  refer  to,  when  pursuing 
some  interesting  and  useful  branch  of  study!     We 
are  bold  to  say  that  there  is  no  work  in  the  language, 
with  the  exception  of  this  volume,  which  will  answer 
his  purpose.     HORNE'S  INTRODUCTION,  and  ORME'S 
BIBLIOTHECA  BIBLICA,  treat  of  works  which  relate 
to    the    Scriptures,    only.      WILLIAMS'S   CHRISTIAN 
PREACHER,  and  BICKERSTETH'S  CHRISTIAN  STUDENT, 
and  some  other  manuals  of  a  similar  character,  are 
very  defective  in  bibliography,  and  so  partial  to  those 
who  agree,  and  (unintentionally)  unjust  to  others 
who  disagree,  with  the  peculiar  views  of  the  compilers, 
that  the  advocate  is  apparent,  where  the  judge  alone 
should  be  heard.     Now  our  work  contains  almost,  if 
not  quite,  all  of  the  critical  notices  included  in  these 
works,  and  many  others  of  a  different  complexion. 
The  clergyman  has  only  to  turn  to  the  class  headed 
"DIVINITY,"  and   the  theological   treasures  of  the 
English  language  are  laid  open  to  his  view.    By  such 
guidance,  instead  of  purchasing  his  books  at  random, 
and  diminishing  his  means  by  the  cost  of  works,  which 
he  finds,  on  examination,  unsuited  to  his  purpose, 
he  can  at  once  lay  his  hands  upon  exactly  what  he 
needs.     If  he  wish  to  add  to  his  library  works  of  a 
miscellaneous  character,  he  can  consult  this  ever- 
present,  well-informed  friend  at  his  elbow,  who  will 
indicate  those  works  which  are  suitable,  and  those 
which  are  unsuitable,  for  his  library  shelves  and 
parlour  table. 

2.  The  LAWYER  will  find  in  our  work  copious 
notices  of  books  in  his  profession,  from  ARCHBOLD  to 
VINER.    The  article  "  LAW,"  in  the  Index,  will  enable 
him  to  discover  at  once  the  title  and  date  of,  and  fre 
quently  valuable  critical  opinions  from  the  highest 
authorities  upon,  the  legal  treatise  which  is  to  enable 
him  to  study  intelligently  the  important  case,  the 
management  of  which  is,  perhaps,  to  make  or  mar 
his  professional  reputation. 

3.  The  DOCTOR  OF  MEDICINE  is  often  at  a  loss 
to  lay  his  hands  upon  a  treatise  which  will  enable 
him  to  master  the  diagnosis  of  some  disease,  which 
has  baffled  his  skill,  or  must  be  explained  to  his  class. 
He  has  no  medical  bibliographer  to  consult ;   or  he 
may  hesitate  to  admit  ignorance  in  quarters  where 
professional  rivalry  may  not  always  keep  the  secret. 
Our  Library  of  English  Literature  is  on  his  shelf,  is 
consulted,  has  relieved  him  from  his  difficulty,  and 
he  commends  the  wisdom  of  the  profitable  purchase. 


6 


PREFACE. 


Abernethtfs  Digestive  Organs,  Mede's  Pestilential  Con 
tagion,  or  Watt's  Consumption,  soon  smiles  grimly  in 
his  library ;  the  patient  is  soon  well  enough  to  laugh 
at  his  doctor,  the  medical  students  are  dismissed, 
"wiser,"  if  not  "better,  men,"  and  our  ^Esculapius 
walks  forth,  the  admiration  of  his  fellow  citizens,  as 
a  marvel  of  erudition. 

4.  In  like  manner,  the  MERCHANT  who  desires 
to  be  acquainted  with  the  literature  of  his  profession, 
and  the  ARTIST  who  is  looking  for  the  best  manuals 
of  his  calling,  or  the  biographies  of  those  who  have 
graven  their  names  with  the  chisel  upon  the  eloquent 
marble,  or  stamped  their  fame  upon  the  glowing 
colours  of  the  speaking  canvass, — has  here  a  sure 
resource. 

6.  The  AGRICULTURIST  can  learn  the  most 
recent  improvements  in  the  treatment  of  lands,  and 
provide  himself  with  those  stimulants  to  production, 
without  which,  no  farmer  can  now  compete  with  his 
intelligent  neighbour. 

6.  And  let  not  the  WORKING  MAN  say  to  such  a 
manual  as  ours,  "  I  have  no  need  of  thee.  I  am  no 
scholar,  and  have  no  time  to  read,  even  if  I  felt  the 
desire.  I  do,  indeed,  sometimes  lament  my  ignorance 
and  inability  to  understand  much  of  what  I  read  in 
the  papers,  but  it  is  too  late  for  me  to  learn."  A 
plea  of  this  kind  confutes  itself. 

Our  MECHANIC  admits  that  he  is  often  mortified  at 
his  ignorance.  Why  then  should  he  voluntarily  re 
main  in  ignorance?  As  to  the  alleged  "want  of 
time,"  this  is  altogether  an  error.  The  excuse  may 
be  valid  in  one  case  in  ten  thousand :  as  the  odds  are 
BO  great,  we  feel  justified  in  never  admitting  its 
validity.  We  will  venture  to  assert  that,  almost 
without  an  exception,  every  man,  woman,  and  child, 
who  complains  of  want  of  time  for  the  discharge  of 
neglected  duties,  can  find  time  enough  when  inclina 
tion  becomes  the  manager.  In  the  busiest  season, 
will  not  time  be  found  for  that  amusement,  that  re 
creation,  which  may  be  ardently  desired  by  the  one 
who  complains  of  being  so  much  burdened  ?  We  say 
to  the  working  man  or  woman,  apprentice,  boy,  or 
girl,  determine  to  improve  your  mind,  to  add  to  your 
stock  of  knowledge,  and  you  will  find  time  enough.  In 
time,  as  in  money,  it  is  neglect  of  the  fragments 
which  consumes  the  store.  Who  could  not,  if  so 
disposed,  save  for  reading  one  hour  per  day  ?  Not, 
perhaps,  in  one  term,  but  a  few  minutes  here  and 
there,  until  the  aggregate  should  amount  to  the  time 
supposed.  If  the  working  day  be  ten  hours  in  length, 
we  have  the  following  result : 

One  hour  per  day  is,  in  a  year,  three  hundred  and 
sixty-five  hours — thirty-six  days  and  a  half— that  is, 
about  five  weeks  in  a  year.  Does  not  this  surprise 
you  ?  How  much  knowledge  you  will  be  possessed 
of  next  year,  if  you  devote  five  weeks  to  its  acquisi 
tion  this  year !  In  ten  years  you  will,  at  the  same 
rate,  have  devoted  one  year  to  reading.  Here  is 


time  enough  in  which  to  learn  two  languages,  or  to 
read  through  more  than  one  hundred  volumes  ! 

If  you  say  that  one  hour  is  too  much  time  per  day  to 
assume  as  a  basis,  then  take  half  an  hour,  or  a  quarter, 
or  five  minutes  only,  and  you  will  see  that  it  is  still 
worth  saving.  Be  assured  that  the  position  you  hold 
among  your  neighbours,  your  respectability,  your 
usefulness,  is  mainly  dependent  upon  the  amount  of 
knowledge  you  possess.  If  you,  honest  shoemaker, 
or  carpenter,  can  tell  your  group  of  neighbours  who 
Franklin  was,  what  Burke  was  distinguished  for,  why 
Shakspeare  is  so  much  admired,  in  what  year  Wash 
ington  was  born  and  when  he  died — if  you  can  tell 
them  about  such  things,  when  you  meet  with  the  names 
of  these  or  other  men  in  the  village  newspaper,  every 
one  of  your  neighbours  will  respect  you  the  more  for 
your  knowledge. 

If  you,  apprentice  boy — you,  young  maiden — can 
inform  your  parents  of  the  philanthropic  labours  of 
a  Wilberforce  and  a  Howard,  of  the  eloquence  of  a 
Henry,  a  Chatham,  or  a  Clay,  of  the  discoveries  of  a 
Davy,  or  a  Fulton,  or  a  Newton,  be  sure  your  know 
ledge  will  "not  fall  to  the  ground." 

What,  indeed,  intellectually  considered,  distin 
guishes  a  man  from  a  brute,  but  education  ?  Before 
the  genius  of  such  men  as  Edmund  Burke  and  John 
Milton,  the  world  has  bowed  in  heartfelt  deference ; 
but  had  Burke  and  Milton  been  without  education — 
had  they  been  North  American  Indians,  for  instance, 
what  would  their  genius  have  done  for  them  ?  It 
might  have  enabled  them  to  make  a  better  canoe,  or 
scalp  more  enemies,  or  construct  handsomer  wig 
wams,  than  their  fellows ;  but  if  transplanted  into 
civilized  life,  they  would,  in  usefulness  to  society, 
have  been  many  degrees  inferior  to  the  youth  in  the 
public  school.  Such  is  the  importance  of  knowledge, 
which  is  truly  "power!"  Therefore,  delay  not  to 
acquire  so  inestimable  a  treasure ! 

A  recent  illustration  of  the  pecuniary  advantages 
of  knowledge,  may  properly  conclude  this  portion  of 
our  subject.  An  operative  in  a  cotton  factory  sub 
scribed  three  dollars  a  year  for  a  magazine.  In  this 
periodical  he  found  the  designs  of  some  patterns  for 
goods.  He  thought  he  could  copy  them — did  so — 
was  eminently  successful,  and  found  that  his  three 
dollars  was  a  most  profitable  investment.  Had  he 
said  to  the  proffered  magazine,  as  we  have  imagined 
the  working  man  to  say  to  our  manual,  "I  have  no 
need  of  thee,"  what  a  mistake  he  would  have  made ! 

7.  The  individual  who  follows  no  particular  pur 
suit,  will  find  a  work  most  useful,  which  will  enable 
him  to  pass  his  hours  of  retirement  in  entertaining 
improvement,  and  to  maintain  social  intercourse  with 
credit  and  esteem. 

How  often  are  the  ignorant  obliged  to  sit  by  in 
stupid  silence,  whilst  those  better  informed  are  dis 
cussing  the  merits  of  English  and  American  authors, 
of  former  or  present  days !  How  many  there  are  who 


PREFACE. 


know  nothing  of  English  history  excepting  what  they 
have  learned  from  Shakspeare,  and  know  no  more  of 
Shakspeare  than  they  have  witnessed  on  the  stage ! 
How  many  who  confound  Sir  Isaac  Newton  with  his 
namesake,  the  excellent  Bishop,  and  do  not  know  the 
difference  between  "rare  Ben  Jonson"  and  the  dic 
tator  at  Mrs.  Thrale's ! 

LADIES  are  generally  better  informed  than  the 
other  sex  in  these  matters,  but  if  the  former 
would  abridge  toilet-reviews  and  inordinate  indulgence 
in  morning  visits  and  evening  parties,  they  would 
know  more,  though  they  might  gossip  less.  A  pro 
per  regard  to  the  reputation  of  their  own  sex, 
should  induce  them  to  carefully  peruse  a  volume 
which  records  the  classic  erudition  of  an  Elizabeth 
Carter,  the  astronomical  investigations  of  a  Mary 
Somerville,  the  wisdom  and  piety  of  a  Hannah  More, 
the  poetical  genius  of  a  Felicia  Hemans,  and  other 
immortal  trophies  of  female  intellect,  illustrated 
by  a  host  of  brilliant  stars  in  the  Literary  Firma 
ment. 

8.  All  who  purchase  books  for  district  and  other 
school-libraries,  for  their  own  families  or  for  their 
private  book-case,  will  see  the  usefulness  of  a  work 
which  will  at  once  direct  them  to  the  BEST  WOKKS 
OF  THE  BEST  AUTHORS.     Teachers  and  parents  will 
have  no  hesitation  in  accepting  the  critical  opinions 
of  the  wise  and  good,  recorded  in  these  pages.     As 
regards  the  work  itself,  care  has  been  taken  to 
rigorously  exclude   everything  of  an  objectionable 
character.     It  may  be  read   aloud  to   the   family 
circle  without  fear  of  its  calling  a  blush  to  the  cheek 
of  modesty,  or  inflicting  a  pang  upon  the  heart  of 
the  conscientious  Christian.    It  is  proper  in  this  con 
nexion  to  remark,  that  whilst  the  literary  merits  of 
writers  of  all  classes  are  candidly  acknowledged,  and 
no  religious  or  irreligious  peculiarities  are  considered 
as  sanctioning  injustice  to  their  advocates,  yet  a  pro 
found  deference  to  the  principles  of  the  Christian 
religion,  and  a  settled  disapprobation  of  the  impieties 
and  absurdities  of  infidelity,  are  fearlessly  announced. 
If  this  displease  any,  let  them  be  displeased.     "  Let 
God  be  true,  and  every  man  a  liar." 

9.  Booksellers  need  not  be  told  of  the  importance 
to  their  own  interest,  of  encouraging  the  circulation 
of  a  work  which  will  tend  more  to  the  enlarged  sale  of 
books  than  any  publication  which  has  ever  appeared. 
Several  of  the  best  known  and  most  extensive  pub 
lishers  and  booksellers  in  the  United  States  have 
warmly  encouraged  the  preparation  of  this  volume. 
Indeed,  no  intelligent  bookseller  who   understands 
his  own  business,  can  dispense  with  it  as  a  constant 
companion.     It  will  enable  him  to  point  out  to  his 
customer,  at  once,  the  books  of  which  he  is  in  quest, 
and  to  show  him  the  opinions  of  the  most  distin 
guished  critics  and  esteemed  authorities  as  to  their 
merits  or  demerits.      The  application  of  these  re 
marks,  and  many  of  the  preceding  considerations,  to 


AUTHORS  and  EDITORS,  whether  of  books  or  periodi 
cals,  is  so  obvious,  that  no  enlargement  is  neces 
sary. 

It  is  obvious  to  those  at  all  familiar  with  the  sub 
ject,  that  no  work  of  this  kind  could  have  been  pro 
perly  prepared,  without  an  intimate  acquaintance 
with  English  literature,  and  the  advantage  of  an  ex 
tensive  private  library,  for  constant  reference  and 
consultation.  It  is,  therefore,  proper  to  remark,  that 
the  author  of  THE  CRITICAL  DICTIONARY  OP  ENGLISH 
LITERATURE,  AND  BRITISH  AND  AMERICAN  AUTHORS, 
has  long  applied  himself  to  the  subject,  with  con 
siderable  labour  and  zeal,  and  spent  many  years  in 
accumulating  a  large  collection  of  rare  and  curious 
literary  treasures,  in  addition  to  the  manuals  gene 
rally  considered  as  the  best  authorities.  We  give  a 
list  of  some  of  the  works  which  we  have  kept  at  our 
side  for  consultation  and  guidance,  though  not  obliged 
to  lay  all  of  them  under  contribution. 

The  General  Dictionary,  Historical  and  Critical 
(including  Bayle),  of  Birch,  Lockman,  Sale,  and 
others.  London,  1734-41,  10  vols.,  fol.  The  Bio- 
graphia  Britannica.  Lon.,  1747-66,  7  vols.,  fol. ; 
and  1778-92,  5  vols.,  fol. 

The  English,  Scotch,  and  Irish  Historical  Libra 
ries,  by  Bishop  Nicolson.  Lon.,  1776,  4to.  Oldys's 
British  Librarian.  Lon.,  1738,  12mo.  Gerard  Lang- 
baine's  Account  of  the  English  Dramatic  Poets. 
Oxford,  1691,  18mo.  Biographia  Dramatica.  Lon., 
1812,  3  vols.  in  4,  8vo.  Whincop's  Complete  List 
of  English  Dramatic  Poets.  Lon.,  1747,  8vo.  Kit- 
son's  Bibliographia  Poetica.  1802,  R.  8vo.  Wood's 
Athense  Oxoniensis,  with  Additions  and  a  Continua 
tion  by  Dr.  Bliss.  Lon.,  1813-20,  4  vols.,  4to. 
Nichols's  Literary  Anecdotes.  Lon.,  1812-16,  10 
vols.  in  9,  8vo. ;  and  Illustrations  of  the  Literary 
History  of  the  Eighteenth  Century.  7  vols.,  1817-48, 
8vo.  Walpole's  History  of  the  Royal  and  Noble 
Authors  of  England,  Scotland,  and  Ireland,  with  a 
List  of  their  Works,  enlarged  and  continued  by 
Thomas  Park.  Lon.,  1806,  5  vols.,  8vo. 

Watt's  Bibliotheca  Britannica,  or  a  General  Index 
to  British  and  Foreign  Literature.  Lon.,  1-824,  4 
vols.,  4to.  To  this  excellent  work  we  are  largely 
indebted,  having  drawn  freely  from  its  pages  for 
particulars  of  editions,  &c.  Some  late  writers  have 
affected  to  depreciate  the  value  of  this  work,  because 
inaccuracies  have  not  escaped  the  eye  of  the  critic. 
Having  examined  every  article  pertaining  to  British 
authors  (about  22,500)  in  the  work,  we  consider 
ourselves  qualified  to  give  an  opinion.  Errors  there 
are,  and  some  glaring  ones,  which  can  readily  be 
excused  in  a  work  of  such  vast  compass,  yet  the 
Bibliotheca  of  Dr.  Watt  will  always  deserve  to  be 
valued  as  one  of  the  most  stupendous  literary  monu 
ments  ever  reared  by  the  industry  of  man.  As  stated 
elsewhere,  we  have  included  in  our  work  every 
British  author  noticed  by  Dr.  Watt;  yet  his  work 


8 


PREFACE. 


can  by  no  means  be  dispensed  with  by  the  biblio 
grapher.  We  continue  our  enumeration  of  authori 
ties. 

Dibdin's  Typographical  Antiquities ;  or  The  His 
tory  of  Printing  in  Great  Britain,  enlarged  on  Ames 
and  Herbert.  Lon.,  1810-19,  4  vols.,  4to.  Dibdin's 
Bibliographical  Decameron.  Lon.,  1817,  3  vols.,  8vo. 
Dibdin's  Library  Companion.  Lon.,  1825,  8vo.  Dib 
din's  Bibliomania,  or  Book  Madness.  2d  edit.,  Lon., 
1842,  R.  8vo.  Dibdin's  Greek  and  Roman  Classics. 
4th  edit.,  Lon.,  1827,  2  vols.,  imp.  8vo.  Dibdin's 
Reminiscences  of  a  Literary  Life.  Lon.,  1836,  2  vols., 
8vo.  Dibdin's  Director ;  a  Literary  Journal.  Lon., 
1807,  2  vols.,  8vo. 

Sir  Egerton  Brydges's  (assisted  by  Haslewood  and 
others)  Censura  Literaria,  containing  Titles,  Ab 
stracts,  and  Opinions  of  Old  English  Books,  &c.  2d 
edit.,  Lon.,  1815,  2  vols.,  8vo. ;  The  British  Biblio 
grapher,  Lon.,  1810-14,  4  vols.,  8vo. ;  Restituta;  or 
Titles,  Extracts,  and  Characters  of  Old  English  Lite 
rature,  revived,  Lon.,  1814-16, 4  vols.,  8vo.;  Brydges's 
edition  of  Phillips's  Theatrum  Poetarum  Anglicano- 
rum.  Rev.  Thomas  Hartwell  Home's  Introduction 
to  the  Study  of  Bibliography.  Lon.,  1814,  2  vols., 
8vo.  Manual  of  Biblical  Bibliography.  Lon.,  1839, 
8vo.  Bibliotheca  Anglo-Poetica.  Lon.,  1815,  R.  8vo. 
Schlosser's  History  of  the  18th  Century  and  part  of 
the  19th,  trans,  by  D.  Davidson.  Lon.,  1844-52,  8 
vols.,  8vo.  Dr.  Drake's  Shakspeare  and  his  Times. 
Lon.,  1817,  2  vols.,  4to. ;  Memorials  of  Shakspeare, 
and  other  works  of  this  elegant  and  useful  writer. 
Lowndes's  Bibliographer's  Manual.  Lon.,  1834,  4 
vols.,  8vo.  Lowndes's  British  Librarian,  or  Book 
Collector's  Guide,  1839,  &c.,  8vo.  Mackenzie's 
Lives  and  Characters  of  the  most  eminent  Writers 
of  the  Scots  Nation.  Edin.,  1708-22,  3  vols.,  fol. 
Stark's  Biographia  Scotica.  Edin.,  1805,  32mo. 
Biographia  Scoticana.  Leith,  1816,  8vo.  Aikin's 
and  Johnston's  General  Biography.  Lon.,  1799-1815, 
10  vols.,  4to.  The  New  Biographical  Dictionary. 
Lon.,  1798,  15  vols.,  8vo.  Chalmers's  Biographical 
Dictionary.  Lon.,  1812-17,  32  vols.,  8vo.  New 
(Rose's)  Biographical  Dictionary.  Lon.,  1848,  12 
vols.,  8vo.  Gorton's  Biographical  Dictionary.  Lon., 
1851,  4  vols.  (with  supplement)  8vo. 

Biographic  Universelle.  Biographie  Universelle, 
Ancienne  et  Moderne.  Manuel  du  Libraire  et  de 
]' Amateur  de  Livres ;  par  Jacques-Charles  Brunet, 
Quatrieme  edition.  Paris,  1842-4,  5  vols.,  imp.  8vo. 
Bibliotheque  Universelle  des  Voyages ;  par  G.  Boucher 
De  La  Richarderie.  Paris,  1808,  6  vols.,  8vo.  Bib- 
liographie  Biographique,  par  Edouard-Marie  Oct- 
tinger.  Leipsic,  1850,  imp.  8vo.  Bibliotheca  Ame 
ricana  Nova,  &c.,  by  0.  Rich.  Lon.,  1832-35,  46, 
3  vols.,  8vo. 

D'Israeli's  Miscellanies  of  Literature.  Lon.,  1840, 
R.  8vo.  Curiosities  of  Literature.  Lon.,  1840,  R. 
8vo.  Arvine's  Cyclopaedia  of  Moral  and  Religious 
Anecdotes,  Boston,  8vo. ;  Anecdotes  of  Literature 


and  the  Fine  Arts.  Boston,  1852,  imp.  8vo.  Dr. 
Jamieson's  CyclopEedia  of  Religious  Biography.  Lon., 
1853,  12mo.  Keddie's  Cyclopaedia  of  Literary  and 
Scientific  Anecdote.  Lon.,  1854,  12mo.  Thackeray's 
English  Humourists  of  the  18th  Century.  N.  York, 

1853,  12mo.     Neele's  Lectures  on  English  Poetry. 
Lon.,  12mo.     Rev.  A.  Hume's  Learned  Societies  and 
Printing  Clubs.     Lon.,  1853,  12mo.     Thomas  Camp 
bell's  Essay  on  English  Poetry,  with  Notices  of  the 
British  Poets.      Lon.,  1848,   12mo.      Madden's  In 
firmities   of    Genius.      Lon.    1833,   2   vols.,    12mo. 
Brougham's  Lives  of  Men  of  Letters  and  Science 
temp.   George  III.     Phila.,  1845,  12mo.     Dr.  John 
son's  Lives  of  the  English  Poets.     Lon.,  1850,  18mo. 
Boswell's  Life  of  Johnson,  edited  by  Croker.     Lon., 
1848,    R.   8vo.     Lockhart's  Life  of  Scott.     Edin., 
1844,  R.  8vo.    Moore's  Life  of  Lord  Byron.   N.  York, 

2  vols.,  R.  8vo.     Prior's  Life  of  Burke.     Boston, 

1854,  2  vols.,  12mo.    The  Works  and  Correspondence 
of  Burke.     Lon.,  1852,  8  vols.,  8vo.     Forster's  Life 
and  Adventures  of  Oliver  Goldsmith.     Lon.,  1848, 
12mo.    The  London  Anecdotes.    Lon.,  32mo.    Berk- 
enhout's   Biographia    Literaria.      Lon.,    1777,   4to. 
Bickersteth's  Christian  Student.     Lon.,  1844,  12mo. 
Men  of  the  Time.     N.  York,  1852,  12mo.,  and  Lon., 
1853,  12mo.     Williams's  Christian  Preacher.     Lon., 
1843,  12mo.    Stevenson's  Discovery,  Navigation,  and 
Commerce.     Edin.,  1824,  8vo.     Marvin's  Legal  Bib 
liography.     Phila.,  1847,  R.  8vo.     Allen's  American 
Biographical  and   Historical    Dictionary.      Boston, 
1832,  8vo.     Encyclopedia  Americana,  14  vols.     R. 
W.  Griswold's  Prose  Writers  of  America,  4th  edit., 
Phila.,  1852,  R.  8vo. ;  Poets  and  Poetry  of  America, 
Phila.,  1852,  R.  8vo. ;  Female  Poets  of  America,  2d 
edit.,  Phila.  1853,   R.  8vo.     Rev.   Dr.  Blake's  Bio 
graphical  Dictionary.     Boston,   8th  edit.,  1853,  R. 
8vo.   Cleveland's  Compendium  of  English  Literature. 
Phila.,  1852,  12mo.  ;  English  Literature  of  the  19th 
Century.     1853,  12mo.     Fuller's  Worthies  of  Eng 
land,  by  Nuttall.     Lon.,  1840,  3  vols.,  8vo.     Poole's 
Index  to  Periodical  Literature.     N.  York,  1853,  R. 
8vo.     Cunningham's  Biographical  History  of  Eng 
land.    Lon.  and  Edin.,  1852,  8  vols.,  8vo.     Warton's 
History  of  English  Poetry.    Lon.,  1840,  3  vols.,  8vo. 
The  Georgian  Era.     Lon.,  1832-34,  4  vols.,  12mo 
Ellis's  Specimens  of  the  Early  English  Poets.     1845, 

3  vols.,  12mo.    The  Living  Authors  of  England.  12mo. 
A  Manual  of   British    Historians    to    A.  D.    1600. 
Aikin's,  &c.,  British  Poets.     Phila.,  1842-5,  3  vols., 
8vo.     Professor  Wm.  Smyth's  Lectures  on  Modern 
History,  edited  by  Jared  Sparks.    Boston,  1851,  8vo. 
Middleton's  Biographia  Evangelica.     Lon.,  1816,  4 
vols.,  8vo.     The  Life  and  Correspondence  of  Robert 
Southey.     N.  York,  1851,  8vo.     Ryan's  Poetry  and 
Poets.     Lon.,  1826,  3  vols.  12mo.     Moir's  Poetical 
Literature  of  the  Past  Half-Century.     Edin.,  1851, 
12mo.    Macaulay's  History  of  England.   Phila.,  1851, 
2  vols.,  12mo.     Bell's  Lives  of  the  English  Poets. 
Lon.,  1839,  2  vols.,  12mo.     J.  Collier's  Poetical  De- 


PREFACE. 


9 


cameron.  Lon.,  1820,  2  vols.  12mo.  Hallam's  Lite 
rary  History  of  Europe.  3d  edit,  Lon.,  1847,  8  vols. 
8vo.  Andrews's  History  of  Great  Britain  and  Europe. 
Lon.,  1794,  4to.  Henry's  and  Andrews's  do.  Lon., 
14  vols.,  8vo.  Christian  Civilization.  Lon.,  1850, 
12mo.  Ellis's  Letters  of  Eminent  Literary  Men. 
Lon.,  1843,  8vo.  Headley's  Beauties  of  Ancient 
English  Poetry.  1810,  12mo.  Ballard's  Memoirs 
of  British  Ladies.  Lon.,  1775,  8vo.  Timpson's 
British  Female  Biography.  Lon.,  1846,  12mo.  Mrs. 
Sarah  Josepha  Bale's  Woman's  Record.  N.  York, 
1853,  R.  8vo.  The  Works,  Life  and  Letters  of  Charles 
Lamb,  by  Talfourd.  N.  York,  1852,  2  vols.,  12mo. 
The  Metrical  Miscellany.  Lon.,  1802,  8vo.  Aikin's 
Letters  on  English  Poetry.  Lon.,  1804,  18mo.  The 
Muse's  Mirrour.  Lon.,  1778,  2  vols.,  12mo.  Jacob's 
Account  of  English  Poets.  1720,  2  vols.,  12mo.  Biog- 
graphiana.  Lon.,  1799,  2  vols.,  8vo.  Warburton's 
Letters  to  Hurd.  N.  York,  1809,  8vo.  Biographical 
Dictionary.  Lon.,  1809,  32mo.  A  Universal  Biogra 
phical  Dictionary.  Hartford,  1847,  12mo.  McClure's 
Translators  Revived.  1853,  12mo.  Maunder's  Bio 
graphical  Treasury.  Lon.,  1847,  12mo.  Hand  Book 
of  Universal  Biography,  by  Parke  Godwin.  N.  York, 
1852,  12mo.  Bellchambers's  Biographical  Dictionary. 
Lon.,  1835,  4  vols.,  32mo.  Rich's  Cyclopaedia  of 
Biography.  Lon.  and  Glasg.,  1854,  8vo.  Bingley's 
Biographical  Conversations.  Lon.,  1821,  12mo. 
Ritson's  Ancient  Popular  Poetry.  Lon.,  1833,  12mo. 
Anecdote  Library.  Lon.,  1822,  sm.  4to.  Anecdotes 
of  Books  and  Authors.  Lon.,  1836,  18mo.  Seward's 
Anecdotes  of  Distinguished  Persons.  Lon.,  1804, 
8vo.  Anecdotes  of  Polite  Literature.  Lon.,  1764, 
6  vols.,  18mo.  Letters  of  Anna  Seward.  Lon.,  1811, 
6  vols.,  18mo.  Biographical  Magazine.  Lon.,  1791, 
8vo.  Granger's  Biographical  History  of  England, 
with  Noble's  Continuation.  Lon.,  1806-24,  9  vols., 
8vo.  Letters  between  Granger  and  some  Literary 
Men.  Lon.,  1815;  8vo.  Percy  Anecdotes.  N.  York, 
1839,  8vo.  Dr.  King's  Political  and  Literary  Anec 
dotes.  Boston,  1819,  12mo.  Davis's  Olio  of  Lite 
rary  and  Bibliographical  Anecdotes.  Lon.,  1814,' 
12mo.  Anecdotes  of  Hogarth,  by  Nichols.  Lon., 
1785,  12mo.  Reminiscences  of  Henry  Angelo.  Lon., 
1830,  2  vols.,  8vo.  Barker's  Literary  Anecdotes. 
Lon.,  1852,  2  vols.,  8vo.  Professional  Anecdotes,  or 
Ana  of  Medical  Literature.  Lon.,  1825,  3  vols.,  12mo. 
Watkins's  Characteristic  Anecdotes.  Lon.,  1808,  8vo. 
Oxberry's  Dramatic  Biography.  Lon.,  1825-27,  6 
vols.,  18mo.  Dutensiana.  Lon.,  1806,  5  vols.,  18mo. 
Anecdotes  of  the  Life  of  Bishop  Watson,  1818,  2  vols., 
8vo.  Almon's  Biographical,  Political,  and  Literary 
Anecdotes.  1797,  3  vols.,  8vo.  Blagdon's  Flowers 
of  Literature.  Lon.,  1805-8,  4  vols.,  12mo.  Life 
of  Sir  Samuel  Romilly.  Lon.,  1842,  2  vols.,  12mo. 
Craik's  Literature  and  Learning  in  England,  Lon., 
1844-5,  6  vols.,  18mo.  ;  Pursuit  of  Knowledge  under 
Difficulties,  Lon.,  1845-7,  4  vols.,  18mo.  Oxberry's 
Flowers  of  Literature,  or  Encyclopaedia  of  Anecdotes. 


Lon.,  1821,  4  vols.,  18mo.  Sir  John  Harrington's 
Nugse  Antiquae,  edited  by  Thomas  Park.  Lon.,  1804, 
2  vols.  8vo.  The  British  Plutarch.  Lon.,  1791,  8 
vols.,  12mo.  Taylor's  Modern  British  Plutarch.  N. 
York,  1846,  12mo.  Hazlitt's  Miscellanies.  Phila., 
1848,  5  vols.,  12mo.  Weber's  Metrical  Romances. 
Lon.,  1810,  3  vols.,  8vo.  Tuckerman's  Character 
istics  of  Literature.  Phila.,  1849-51,  2  vols.,  12mo. 
Oxford  Prize  Poems.  Oxford,  1806,  12mo.  Hip- 
pesley's  Early  English  Literature.  Lon.,  1837, 12mo. 
Collier's  English  Dramatic  Poetry.  Lon.,  1831,  3 
vols.  12mo.  Ryan's  Biographia  Hibernica.  Lon., 
1826,  2  vols.,  8vo.  Gilfillan's  Modern  Literature. 
N.  York,  1850, 12mo.  Lives  of  Scottish  Poets.  Lon., 
1821,  3  vols.,  18mo.  Sacred  Poetry  of  the  17th 
Century.  Lon.,  1836,  2  vols.,  18mo.  Memoirs  of 
Physicians.  Lon.,  1818,  8vo.  England's  Worthies, 
by  John  Vickars.  Lon.,  1845,  12mo.  De  Quincey's 
Works.  Boston,  1851,  7  vols.  12mo.  Pegge's  Anony- 
miana.  Lon.,  1809,  12mo.  Dodsley's  Collection  of 
Poems.  Lon.,  1770,  6  vols.,  12mo.  Eminent  Lite 
rary  and  Scientific  Men  of  Great  Britain.  Lon., 
1836,  5  vols.,  18mo.  Beloe's  Sexagenarian,  or  Re 
collections  of  a  Literary  Life.  Lon.,  1817,  2  vols,, 
8vo.  Fifty  Years  Recollections  of  an  Old  Bookseller. 
Lon.,  1837,  8vo.  Aikin's  Lives  of  Selden  and  Usher. 
Lon.,  1832,  8vo.  Necrology.  Lon.,  1805,  8vo. 
Lectures  on  English  Poets,  by  Percival  Stockdale. 
Lon.,  1807,  2  vols.,  8vo.  Lives  of  Eminent  Persons. 
Lon.,  1833,  8vo.  Graduates  of  Oxford,  1659-1726. 
Oxf.,  1727,  8vo.  Evans's  Essays  on  Song  Writing. 
Lon.,  1810,  12mo.  Introduction  to  Literary  History 
of  14th  and  15th  Centuries.  Lon.,  1798,  8vo.  Alve's 
Sketches  of  a  History  of  Literature.  Edin.,  1794, 
8vo.  Cooper's  Muse's  Library.  Lon.,  1741,  12mo. 
Gems  of  Epistolary  Correspondence,  by  Willmott. 
Lon.,  1846,  8vo.  Memoirs  of  Dr.  Parr,  by  R.  W. 
Field.  Lon.,  1828,  2  vols.,  8vo.  Aikin's  Life  of  Ad- 
dison.  Lon.,  1843,  2  vols.,  12mo.  Wild's  Memoirs 
of  Dean  Swift.  Dubl.,  1849,  8vo.  Sir  Egerton 
Brydges's  Autobiography.  Lon.,  1834,  2  vols.,  8vo. 
Poynder's  Literary  Extracts.  Lon.,  3  vols.,  8vo. 
Records  of  Literature,  by  C.  Taylor.  Lon.,  1808,  2 
vols.,  8vo.  Critical  Observations  on  Books.  Lon., 
1783,  2  vols.,  8vo.  English  Puritan  Divines.  Lon., 
18mo.  Southey's  Lives  of  Uneducated  Poets.  Lon., 
1836,  12mo.  Imitations  of  Celebrated  Authors 
Lon.,  1844, 12mo.  Byrn's  Book  of  1000  Anecdotes. 
Boston,  1853,  12mo.  Newbery's  Art  of  Poetry. 
Lon.,  1762,  18mo.  The  Lounger's  Commonplace 
Book.  Lon.,  1805-7,  4  vols.,  8vo.  Smyth's  Bio 
graphical  Illustrations  of  Westminster  Abbey.  Lon., 
1843,  8vo.  Memoirs  of  Lady  Hester  Stanhope.  Lon., 
1846,  3  vols.,  12mo.  Southey's  Specimens  of  the 
Later  English  Poets.  Lon.,  1807,  3  vols.,  12mo. 
Burnett's  Specimens  of  English  Prose  Writers.  Lon., 
1813,  3  vols.,  12mo.  Kettel's  Specimens  of  American 
Poetry.  Boston,  1829,  3  vols.,  12mo.  Lempriere's 
Universal  Biographical  Encyclopaedia,  by  Lord.  N. 


10 


PREFACE. 


T.,  1825,  2  -vols.,  8vo.  Testamenta  Vetusta,  by 
Nicolas.  Lon.,  1826,  2  vols.,  8vo.  Mills's  Literature, 
&c.,  of  Great  Britain,  etc.  N.  Y.,  1851,  2  vols.,  8vo. 
Readings  in  Poetry.  Lon.,  1853,  18mo.  Readings 
in  English  Prose  Literature.  Lon.,  1849,  18mo. 
Readings  in  Biography.  Lon.,  1852,  18mo.  Wat- 
kins's  Biographical  Dictionary.  Lon.,  1807,  8vo. 
Life  and  Letters  of  Thomas  Campbell,  by  Dr.  Beattie. 
N.  Y.,  1850,  2  vols.,  12mo.  Goodrich's  Popular 
Biography.  N.  Y.,  1852,  12mo.  Autobiography  of 
Leigh  Hunt.  N.  Y.,  1850,  2  vols.,  12mo.  Men, 
Women,  and  Books,  by  Leigh  Hunt.  N.  Y.,  1847,  2 
vols.,  12mo.  Cambridge  Prize  Poems.  Camb.,  1808, 
2  vols.,  12mo.  Mitford's  Recollections  of  a  Literary 
Life.  N.  Y.,  1850,  12mo.  Howitt's  Homes  and 
Haunts  of  the  British  Poets.  N.  Y.,  1851,  2  vols., 
12mo.  The  Literati,  by  Edgar  A.  Poe.  N.  Y.,  1850, 
12mo. 

J.  P.  Collier's  Shakespeare's  Library.  Lon.,  1850, 
2  vols.,  8vo.  Shakesperiana,  by  Wilson.  Lon., 
1827,  12mo.  Shakesperiana,  by  Halliwell.  Lon., 
1841,  8vo.  Shakspeare's  Himself  Again,  by  A. 
Becket.  Lon.,  1812,  2  vols.,  8vo.  The  Confessions 
of  W.  H.  Ireland.  Lon.,  1805,  12mo.  Remarks  on 
Collier's  and  Knight's  editions  of  Shakespeare,  by 
Rev.  Alex.  Dyce.  Lon.,  1844,  8vo.  Douce's  Illus 
trations  of  Shakespeare.  Lon.,  1839,  8vo.  Mrs. 
Montague's  Essay  on  Shakespear.  Lon.,  1770, 18mo. 
Shakspere  and  His  Times.  By  Geo.  Tweddell.  Lon., 
1852,  18mo.  Galerie  des  Femmes  de  Shakespeare. 
Paris,  2  vols.,  R.  8vo.  Shakspeare's  Genius  Justified, 
by  Z.  Jackson.  Lon.,  1819,  8vo.  Miscellaneous 
Papers,  etc.,  of  Shakspeare,  by  Saml.  Ireland.  Lon., 
1796,  8vo.  J.  P.  Collier's  Notes  and  Emendations 
to  the  Text  of  Shakespeare's  Plays.  N.  Y.  1853, 
12mo.  Shakspeare  and  His  Times,  by  M.  Guizot. 
N.  Y.,  1852,  12mo.  Knight's  Biography  of  Shake 
speare  ;  Studies  of  Shakespeare.  Lon.,  1851,  2  vols. 
8vo.  An  Essay  on  the  Learning  of  Shakespeare,  by 
Dr.  R.  Farmer.  Lon.,  1821,  12mo.  Becket's  Dra 
matic  Miscellanies,  edited  by  Dr.  Beattie.  Lon., 
1838,  2  vols.  8vo.  Malone's  Inquiry  into  the  Authen 
ticity  of  the  Ireland  Shakespeare  MS.  Lon.,  1796, 
8vo.  Halliwell's  Life  of  Shakespeare.  Lon.,  1848, 
8vo.  Hunter's  New  Illustrations  of  Shakespeare. 
Lon.,  1845,  2  vols.  8vo.  Hudson's  Lectures  on 
Shakespeare.  N.  Y.,  1848,  2  vols.,  12mo.  Chal 
mers's  Supplemental  Apology  relative  to  the  Ireland 
Shakespeare  MS.  Fairhold's  Home  of  Shakspere. 
Lon.,  1847,  18mo.  Essays  on  Shakespeare's  Fal- 
staff,  etc.  Lon.,  1789,  18mo.  Traditionary  Anec 
dotes  of  Shakespeare.  Lon.,  1838,  12mo.  Collier's 
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Biographia  Britannica  Literaria.  Anglo-Saxon 
Period,  by  Thos.  Wright,  M.  A.  Anglo-Norman  Pe 
riod,  by  Thos.  Wright,  M.  A.  Lon.,  1842-46,  2  vols., 
8vo.  (See  Introduc.)  The  Clergy  of  America,  by 


Dr.  Belcher.  Phila.,  1848,  12mo.  J.  Pye  Smith's 
First  Lines  of  Christian  Theology,  edited  by  Wm. 
Farrar.  Lon.,  1854,  8vo.  Lodge's  Portraits  and 
Memoirs  of  Illustrious  Personages  of  Great  Britain. 
Lon.,  1840,  10  vols.,  imp.  8vo.  Eccleston's  Eng 
lish  Antiquities.  Lon.,  1847,  8vo.  Chambers's 
Cyclopaedia  of  English  Literature.  Edin.,  1844,  2 
vols.,  imp.  8vo.  Shaw's  Outlines  of  English  Litera 
ture.  Phila.,  1852,  12mo.  Spalding's  History  of 
English  Literature,  N.  Y.,  1853,  12mo.  Py croft's 
Course  of  English  Reading.  Lon.,  1850,  12mo. 
Bibliotheque  Ame"ricaine,  par  H.  Ternaux.  Paris, 
1837,  8vo.  Ludewig's  Literature  of  American  Local 
History.  N.  Y.,  1846,  8vo.  Goodhugh's  Library 
Companion.  Lon.,  1827,  8vo.  Literary  and  Mis 
cellaneous  Memoirs,  by  J.  Cradock.  Lon.,  1828,  4 
vols.,  8vo.  Literary  Recollections,  by  Rev.  Richard 
Warner.  Lon.,  1830,  2  vols.,  8vo.  Effigies  Poeticse. 
Lon.,  1824,  8vo.  Chalmers's  Poetic  Remains  of  some 
of  the  Scottish  Kings.  Lon.,  1824,  12mo.  Upcott's 
Biographical  Dictionary  of  Living  Authors.  Lon., 
1816,  8vo.  Dr.  Williams's  American  Medical  Bio 
graphy.  Greenfield,  1845,  8vo.  Diary  and  Letters 
of  Madame  D'Arblay.  Lon.,  1842-6,  7  vols.,  12mo. 
Willis's  Pencillings  by  the  Way.  N.  Y.,  1852,  12mo. 
Rowton's  Female  Poets  of  Great  Britain.  Lon., 
1848,  12mo.  The  Poetry  and  Poets  of  Great  Britain. 
Edin.,  1850,  12mo.  Modern  British  Essayists. 
Phila.,  1848,  etc.,  8  vols.,  8vo.  Physiognomical 
Portraits.  Lon.,  1823,  2  vols.,  imp.  8vo.  The  Mir 
ror  for  Magistrates.  Lon.,  1815,  3  vols.,  4to.  War 
ren's  Introduction  to  Law  Studies.  Lon.,  1845, 
12mo.  Dr.  Goodrich's  British  Eloquence.  N.  Y., 
1852,  8vo.  Diary  and  Correspondence  of  Saml.  Pepys, 
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pondence  of  John  Evelyn.  1850,  4  vols.,  8vo.  Diary 
and  Correspondence  of  Ralph  Thoresby.  Lon.,  1830, 
4  vols.  8vo.  Miss  Strickland's  Lives  of  the  Queens 
of  England.  Lon.,  1853,  8  vols.,  R.  8vo.  Gibbon's 
Miscellaneous  Works,  by  Lord  Sheffield.  Lon.,  1837, 
8vo.  Chronicles  of  the  Crusades.  Lon.,  1848,  12mo. 
Ellis's  Metrical  Romances,  edited  by  Halliwell.  1848, 
12mo.  Schlegel's  Lectures,  on  Dramatic  Art  and 
Literature.  Lon.,  1846,  8vo.  Southey's  Doctor. 
Lon.,  1849,  8vo. ;  do.  Common  Place  Book.  Park's 
Pantology.  Phila.,  1841,  8vo.  Life  and  Corres 
pondence  of  Lord  Jeffreys.  Phila.,  1852,  2  vols., 
8vo.  Collier's  Roxburghe  Ballads.  Lon.,  1847, 
12mo.  Hone's  Works.  Lon.,  4  vols.,  8vo.  Whip- 
pie's  Essays  and  Reviews.  Boston,  1851,  2  vols. 
12mo.  Whipple's  Lectures.  1850,  12mo.  Giles's 
Lectures  and  Essays.  Boston,  1850,  3  vols.,  12mo. 
The  Poetical  Register.  Lon.,  1805,  etc.,  8  vols., 
12mo.  Timperley's  Encyclopaedia  of  Literature  and 
Typographical  Anecdote.  Lon.,  1839,  8vo.  Savage's 
Librarian.  Lon.,  1808,  3  vols.,  8vo.  Johnson's 
Typographia.  Lon.,  1824,  2  vols.,  8vo.  Beloe'a 
Anecdotes  of  Literature  and  Scarce  Books.  Lon., 
1814,  6  vols.,  8vo.  Moss's  Classical  Bibliography. 


PREFACE. 


11 


Lon.,  1837,  2  vols.,  8vo.  The  Book  Rarities  of  the 
University  of  Cambridge.  Lon.,  1829,  8vo.  Fry's 
Bibliographical  Memoranda.  Bristol,  1816,  sm.  4to. 
Alphabetical  Register  of  Authors,  by  Reuss.  Berlin, 
1791.  Buckingham's  Reminiscences.  Boston,  1852, 
2  vols.,  12mo.  Munsell's  Typographical  Miscellany. 
Albany,  1850,  8vo.  Soanes's  New  Curiosities  of 
Literature.  Lon.,  1849,  2  vols.,  12mo.  Encyclo- 
psedia  Britannica.  7th  edit.,  24  vols.,  Lon.,  1842, 
etc.,  4to.  Matthias's  Pursuits  of  Literature.  Lon., 
1812,  R.  4to.  Spence's  Anecdotes.  1820,  imp.  fol. 
Blair's  Lectures  on  Rhetoric  and  Belles  Lettres,  4to. 
Collier's  Great  Historical  and  Poetical  Dictionary. 
Lon.,  1701,  etc.,  3  vols.,  fol.  Harleian  Miscellany. 
Lon.,  1744-6,  8  vols.,  4to.  Platt's  Universal  Bio 
graphy.  Lon.,  1826,  5  vols.,  8vo.  Gentleman's  Maga 
zine,  1731-1854,  about  220  vols.  Universal  Maga 
zine,  1747-1803,  112  vols.  London  Monthly  Review, 
1749-1842,  about  225  vols.  Edinburgh  Review, 
1802-1854,  104  vols.  London  Retrospective  Review, 
1820-8, 16  vols.  London  Quarterly  Review,  1809-1854, 
96  vols.  Blackwood's Edinburgh  Magazine,  1817-1854. 
Littell's  Living  Age.  Also  the  London  Literary  Ga 
zette  ;  London  Athenaeum ;  North  British  Review ; 
Westminster  Review ;  Edinburgh  Annual  Register ; 
London  Christian  Observer ;  London  Monthly  Reposi 
tory  ;  British  Magazine  ;  London  Notes  and  Queries  ; 
and  a  large  collection  of  bibliography,  including 
catalogues  of  many  of  the  most  celebrated  English 
libraries,  from  Dr.  Mede's  to  Dawson  Turner's. 

The  reader  will  observe  that  only  those  works  have 
been  named  which  profess  to  record  biographical  or 
bibliographical  information.  It  is  hardly  necessary 
to  say,  that  in  a  city  like  Philadelphia,  the  author 
has  not  been  restricted  to  his  own  library,  for  the 
purpose  of  literary  research ;  although  the  above  list, 
perhaps,  evinces  some  zeal  in  the  collection  of  appro 
priate  works.  It  is,  however,  proper  to  state  that 
the  Critical  Dictionary  now  submitted  to  the  public, 

IS  BY  NO  MEANS  A  MERE    SERVILE    COMPILATION   FROM 

EXISTING:  AUTHORITIES.  Great  pains  and  much  time 
have  been  devoted  to  the  sifting  of  statements,  the 
comparison  of  opposing  records,  and  the  authentica 
tion  of  dates. 

The  many  errors  to  be  found  in  compilations  of 
this  character,  are  partly  attributable  to  the  fact,  that, 
in  most  instances,  a  number  of  editors,  often  without 
unity  of  counsel,  have  combined  their  labours  in  the 
production  of  one  work.  Yet  the  advantages  of  such 
combination  in  a  compendium  of  general  biography, 
are  too  great  to  be  sacrificed  to  the  hope  of  perhaps 
unattainable  perfection.  But  it  is  believed  that  a 
work  of  the  character  now  presented  to  the  public, 
restricted  to  one  class — authors — and  British  and 
American  authors  only,  can  be  better  prepared  by 
one  editor  than  by  many.  In  such  unions,  each  co- 
labourer  brings  to  the  common  stock,  preconceived 
partialities  and  antipathies,  and  a  scientific  or  lite 
rary  esprit  du  corps,  which  can  hardly  be  reconciled 


without  mutual  concessions,  and  compromises,  of 
which  the  public  must  bear  the  cost.  That  this  is 
no  picture  of  the  imagination,  the  literary  reader  will 
bear  us  witness.  In  this  work,  the  author  has  declined 
many  proffers  of  assistance,  in  order  that  he  might 
pursue  his  own  plans  without  interruption,  and  feel, 
as  he  added  stone  after  stone  to  the  edifice,  that  the 
literary  monument,  when  erected,  would  be  the  work 
of  his  own  hands. 

Whilst  thus  claiming  all  responsibility  which  at 
taches  to  the  preparation  of  this  volume,  we  have 
pleasure  in  expressing  our  obligations  to  the  nume 
rous  correspondents  in  Great  Britain  and  America 
who  have  furnished  us  information  respecting  their 
own  literary  biography  or  that  of  other  writers.  If 
we  have  not  always  profited  by  the  well-meant  sug 
gestions  of  our  advisers,  it  must  be  remembered  in 
our  defence  that  he  alone  who,  from  the  advantages 
of  his  position,  can  take  in  at  one  survey  the  mate 
rials  of  which  he  is  to  compose  his  edifice,  can  intelli 
gently  judge  as  to  the  best  disposition  of  the  parts 
and  the  most  suitable  style  of  architecture. 

With  regard  to  those  matters  in  which  the  author 
has  been  obliged  to  adjudicate — the  opposing  ver 
sions  connected  with  biographical  and  literary  details 
— he  claims  no  infallibility,  and  must  expect  to  en 
counter  occasional  dissent.  Yet  a  timely  caution 
against  hasty  and  superficial  criticism,  may  save 
mortification  to  that  class  of  commentators  who  so 
often  excite  commiseration  by  mistaking  crude  specu 
lations,  and  the  rash  confidence  of  unconscious  igno 
rance,  for  the  results  of  learned  investigation,  and 
the  modest  assurance  of  intelligent  deliberation. 
When  such  critics  feel  disposed  to  charge  us  with 
error,  from  our  want  of  coincidence  with  their  pre 
conceived  opinions,  it  will  be  only  modest  to  ask 
themselves,  if  it  be  quite  certain  that  they  are  right, 
and  ourselves  in  the  wrong?  Unless  the  disputed 
question  be  one  within  their  own  personal  knowledge 
— which  it,  of  course,  seldom  can  be — their  charge 
of  error  at  our  door,  can  only  mean  that  they  prefer 
fcome  opposing  version  to  that  which  they  criticise ; — 
but  may  not  their  authority  have  been  the  subject 
of  our  consideration,  also? — have  been  carefully 
scrutinized,  and  deliberately  rejected  ?  We  may 
not,  indeed,  explicitly  refer  to  the  dictum  to  which 
our  critic  so  deferentially  bows,  for  it  is  impossible 
in  our  limited  space  to  give  aught  but  the  conclu 
sions  of  our  researches, — but  this  omission  affords 
no  proof  of  our  ignorance  of  such  opposing  authori 
ties.  Whatever  may  be  the  faults  and  imperfections 
of  our  work,  we  prefer  to  fall  into  the  hands  of  the 
learned,  who  can  appreciate  both  merits  and  defects, 
rather  than  trust  to  the  tender  mercies  of  the  lite 
rary  charlatan,  whose  commendation  and  censure  are 
alike  worthless. 

It  is  not  the  erudite  bibliographer,  for  instance, 
who  will  object  to  the  introduction  into  a  work  of 
this  kind,  of  the  many  brief  articles  of  a  few  lines— 


12 


PREFACE. 


in  some  cases  only  one  line — -which  will  be  found 
scattered  up  and  down  on  our  pages.  Those  who 
estimate  the  usefulness  of  an  article  by  its  length, 
would  banish  those  short  records  from  our  volume ; 
but  the  intelligent  critic  will  reply,  with  Dr.  Johnson, 
that  all  knowledge  tends  to  profit,  and  that  "  it  is  of 
use  to  a  man  only  to  know  that  there  is  such  a  place 
as  Kamschatka." 

The  result  of  an  important  lawsuit,  the  adjustment 
of  a  disputed  boundary,  the  settlement  of  a  weighty 
literary  controversy,  may  often  depend  upon  the 
knowledge  of  the  title,  or  date,  of  a  book  to  be  found 
in  the  conclusion  of  a  "paltry  line,"  ridiculed  by  the 
ignorant  for  its  brevity.  And  as  regards  the  com 
parative  value  of  information,  each  reader  can  judge 
for  himself,  but  no  one  can  prescribe  for  his  fellow. 
The  few  lines  devoted  to  the  consideration  of  an  anti 
quarian  tract,  which  you  grudge  from  the  poetical 
article  which  precedes  them,  will  be  valued  by  some 
neighbouring  "Oldbuck"  above  all  the  poetry  since 
the  days  of  Homer.  Whilst  to  spread  a  repast  which 
shall  satisfy  the  appetite  of  all,  is  a  consummation 


beyond  the  ambition  even  of  a  literary  Lucullus,  yet 
the  author  hopes  that  each  guest  will  here  find  some 
refreshment  which  will  reward  him  for  his  delay, 
and  perhaps  strengthen  him  anew  for  the  journey  of 
human  life. 

In  conclusion,  we  would  once  more  labour  to  im 
press  upon  our  readers  the  duty  of  the  zealous  pur 
suit  of  those  paths  of  learning  and  science  which 
lead  to  usefulness,  happiness,  and  honour.  Be  not 
dismayed  by  the  apparently  unattractive  character 
of  much  of  the  scenery  through  which  you  must  pass. 
Persevere ;  and  distaste  will  soon  yield  to  pleasure, 
and  repugnance  give  place  to  enjoyment.  An  ever 
present  and  influential  sense  of  the  importance  of 
the  goal,  will  do  wonders  in  overcoming  the  diffi 
culties  of  the  way.  To  those  Israelites  whose  hearta 
fainted  for  a  sight  of  their  beloved  Temple,  the  sands 
of  the  desert,  and  the  perils  of  the  road,  presented 
no  obstacles  which  their  energy  and  their  faith  could 
not  surmount.  The  arid  "Valley  of  Baca"  to  them 
became  a  well — for,  in  the  beautiful  language  of  the 
Psalmist,  ",The  rain  also  filleth  the  pools." 


TO  THE  READER. 


IT  will  be  observed  that  the  limit  of  the  Literary 
History  contained  in  this  work  is  stated  to  be  "  The 
Middle  of  the  Nineteenth  Century."  Our  pages,  how 
ever,  bear  constant  evidence  of  researches  carried 
down  to  the  day  of  publication ;  and  in  many  cases 
we  have  felt  at  liberty  to  announce  literary  enter 
prises  which  may  not  see  the  light  until  long  after 
our  own  labours  have  been  submitted  to  the  public. 

1.  As  regards  the  places  of  publication  of  the  works 
enumerated  in  this  Dictionary,  it  will  be  understood 
that  the  place  affixed  to  the  first  book  noticed  in  an 
article  applies  also  to  all  the  books  which  occur 
before  the  mention  of  another  place  in  the  same 
article.  There  are  some  exceptions  to  this  rule,  (it 
is  not  known,  for  instance,  where  some  books  were 


printed,)  but  the  bibliographer — the  only  one  likely 
to  be  curious  in  such  matters — will  know  where  to 
look  for  the  details  which  our  limits  forbid  us  to 
introduce. 

2.  It  will  be  understood  that  the  fact  of  the  publi 
cation  of  Sermons  properly  suggests  (in  this  Dic 
tionary)  the  prefix  Rev.  to  the  name  of  the  author, 
save  in  the  few  cases  where  such  productions  are 
from  the  pens   of  laymen, — which  fact  is  always 
stated  in  the  article. 

3.  At  the  end  of  the  Dictionary  the  reader  will 
find  forty  copious  Indexes  of  subjects,  by  the  means 
of  which  he  can  at  once  refer  to  all  the  authors  who 
have  written  upon  any  given  department  of  letters. 

PHILADELPHIA,  September,  1864. 


f  ntokttion  t0  €wl$  (feglisj  fitoarg  psfarjf, 


WITH 


CHRONOLOGICAL  TABLES  OF  PROMINENT  AUTHORS  AND  THEIR  WORKS, 


FROM  A.D.  500  TO  A.D.  1850, 
AND 


for  a  fern  ml  tfttglisj  gkafomjj* 


READING  is  that  art  by  which  I  am  enabled  to  avail 
myself  of  the  recorded  wisdom  of  mankind. 

As  the  results  of  Deliberation,  the  achievements 
of  Enterprise,  the  conclusions  of  Judgment,  and  the 
excursions  of  Fancy,  have,  to  a  large  extent,  been 
recorded  by  the  pen  and  diffused  by  the  Press,  each 
individual  may  profit  by  the  labour  of  others,  and, 
without  diminishing  the  common  stock,  be  enriched 
from  the  Public  Treasury  of  Intellectual  Wealth. 
We  have  already  enlarged  upon  the  duty  of  mental 
acquisition,  and  to  this  effect  shown  the  necessity  of 
careful  selection,  that  we  may  not  waste  valuable 
time,  which  should  be  devoted  to  mental  and  moral 
improvement,  in  the  perusal  of  that  which  is  unpro 
fitable,  perhaps  positively  injurious,  in  its  tendency. 
(See  PREFACE.)  So  anxious  are  we  to  make  a  durable 
impression  upon  the  mind  of  the  reader,  that  we  shall 
reenforce  the  arguments  we  have  already  urged  to 
induce  him  to  become  a  diligent  student,  by  the  cita 
tion  of  some  weighty  opinions  as  to  the  value  of  good 
books,  and  the  inestimable  rewards  attendant  upon 
literary  research  and  intellectual  cultivation. 

That  eccentric  philosopher,  ROBERT  BURTON,  after 
a  review  of  the  various  devices  which  are  used  to  ex 
orcise  the  "foul  fiend,"  Melancholy,  thus  continues: 

"  But  amongst  those  exercises,  or  recreations  of  the  mind 
within  doors,  there  is  none  so  general,  so  aptly  to  be  ap 
plied  to  all  sorts  of  men,  so  fit  and  proper  to  expel  idleness 
and  melancholy,  as  that  of  STUDY:  Studia  senectutem  ob- 
lectant,  ad  olescentiam  alunt,  secundas  res  ornant,  adversis 
perfugium  et  solatium  praebant,  domi  delectant,  &c.  [Study 
is  the  delight  of  old  age,  the  support  of  youth,  the  orna 
ment  of  prosperity,  the  solace  and  refuge  of  adversity,  the 
comfort  of  domestic  life,  Ac.] ;  find  the  rest  in  Tully  pro 

Archia  Poeta Who  is  he  that  is  now  wholly 

overcome  with  idleness,  or  otherwise  involved  in  a  laby 
rinth  of  worldly  care,  troubles,  and  discontents,  that  will 
not  be  much  lightened  in  his  mind  by  reading  of  some  en 
ticing  story,  true  or  feigned,  where,  as  in  a  glass,  he  shall 
observe  what  our  forefathers  have  done ;  the  beginnings, 
ruins,  falls,  periods  of  commonwealths,  private  men's  ac 
tions,  displayed  to  tfce  life,  <fcc.?  Plutarch  therefore  calls 


them,  secundas  mensas  et  bellaria,  the  second  course  and 
junkets,  because  they  were  usually  read  at  noblemen's 
feasts.  Who  is  not  earnestly  affected  with  a  passionate 
speech,  well  penned,  an  elegant  poem,  or  some  pleasant 
bewitching  discourse,  like  that  of  Heliodorus,  ubi  oblectatio 
qucedam  placide  fuit,  cum  hilaritate  conjuncta  f  Julian, 
the  Apostate,  was  so  taken  with  an  oration  of  Libanius, 
the  sophister,  that,  as  he  confesseth,  he  could  not  be  quiet 
till  he  had  read  it  all  out.  Legi  orationem  tuum  magna 
ex  parte,  hesterna  die  ante  prandium,  pransus  vero  sine  ulla 
intermissione  totam  absolvL  0  argumenta !  0  composi- 
tionem !  [I  read  a  considerable  part  of  your  speech  before 
dinner,  but  after  I  had  dined  I  finished  it  completely.  Oh 
what  arguments,  what  eloquence!]  ....  To  most  kind 
of  men  it  is  an  extraordinary  delight  to  study.  For 
what  a  world  of  books  offers  itself,  in  all  subjects,  arts  and 
sciences,  to  the  sweet  consent  and  capacity  of  the  reader ! 
....  credi  mihi  (saith  one)  extingui  dulce  erit  Mathe- 
maticarum  artium  studio,  I  could  even  live  and  die  with 
such  meditations,  and  take  more  delight,  true  content  of 
mind  in  them,  than  thou  hast  in  all  thy  wealth  and  sport, 

tow  rich  soever  thou  art The  like  pleasure  there 

is  in  all  other  studies,  to  such  as  are  truly  addicted  to 
them ;  ea  euavitas  (one  holds)  ut  cum  quis  ea  degustave- 
rit,  quasi  poculis  Circeis  captus,  non  possit  unquam  abillis 
divelli;  the  like  sweetness,  which  as  Circe's  cup  bewitcheth 
a  student,  he  cannot  leave  off,  as  well  may  witness  those 
many  laborious  hours,  days  and  nights,  spent  in  the  vo 
luminous  treatises  written  by  them ;  the  same  content. 
.  .  .  .  Whoever  he  is  therefore,  that  is  overrun  with 
solitariness,  or  carried  away  with  pleasing  melancholy  and 
vain  conceits,  and  for  want  of  employment  knows  not  how 
to  spend  his  time,  or  crucified  with  worldly  care,  I  can  pre 
scribe  him  no  better  remedy  than  this  of  study,  to  compose 

himself  to  the   learning  of  some   art   or  science 

So  sweet  is  the  delight  of  study,  the  more  learning  they 
have,  the  more  they  covet  to  learn,  and  the  last  day  is 
prioris  discipulus." 

"  If  I  were  not  a  King,  I  would  be  a  University  man ; 
and  if  it  were  so  that  I  must  be  a  prisoner,  if  I  might  have 
my  wish,  I  would  desire  to  have  no  other  prison  than  that 
library,  and  to  be  chained  together  with  so  many  good 
authors,  et  mortuis  magister." — Speech  of  JAMES  I. :  Visit 
to  the  Bodleian  Library,  1605. 

13 


14 


INTRODUCTION. 


"I  no  sooner  come  into  the  library,  but  I  bolt  the  doo 
to  me,  excluding  lust,  ambition,  avarice,  and  melancholy 
herself,  and  in  the  very  lap  of  eternity,  amongst  so  many 
divine  souls,  I  take  my  seat  with  so  lofty  a  spirit  and  swee 
content,  that  I  pity  all  our  great  ones,  and  rich  men  tha 
know  not  this  happiness." — HEINSIUS,  Keeper  of  the  Li 
brary  at  Ley  den :  Epist.  Primiero.    Vide  BURTON'S  Anato 
Vty  of  Melancholy. 

The  reader  will  find  in  D'!SRAELI'S  Curiosities  of 
Literature  an  imitation  of  RANTZAU'S  classical  address 
to  his  books — Salvete  aureoli  mei  libelli,  &c. : 

"  Golden  volumes  !  richest  treasures ! 
Objects  of  delicious  pleasures! 
You  my  eyes  rejoicing  please, 
You  my  hands  in  rapture  seize ! 
Brilliant  wits,  and  musing  sages, 
Lights  who  beam'd  through  many  ages ; 
Left  to  your  conscious  leaves  their  story, 
And  dared  to  trust  you  with  their  glory  ; 
And  now  their  hope  of  fame  achieved, 
Dear  volumes  !  you  have  not  deceived !" 

The  friends  of  the  recluse  of  Vaucluse  apologized 
to  him  for  the  length  of  time  between  their  visits  : 

"  It  is  impossible  for  us  to  follow  your  example  :  the  life 
you  lead  is  contrary  to  human  nature.  In  winter,  you  sit 
like  an  owl,  in  the  chimney  corner.  In  summer,  you  are 
running  incessantly  about  the  fields." 

PETRARCH  smiled  at  these  observations : 

"These  people,"  said  he,  "consider  the  pleasures  of  the 
world  as  the  supreme  good,  and  cannot  bear  the  idea  of 
renouncing  them.  I  have  FRIENDS,  whose  society  is  ex 
tremely  agreeable  to  me  :  they  are  of  all  ages,  and  of  every 
country.  They  have  distinguished  themselves  both  in  the 
cabinet  and  in  the  field,  and  obtained  high  honours  for 
their  knowledge  of  the  sciences.  It  is  easy  to  gain  access 
to  them ;  for  they  are  always  at  my  service,  and  I  admit 
them  to  my  company,  and  dismiss  them  from  it,  whenever 
I  please.  They  are  never  troublesome,  but  immediately 
answer  every  question  I  ask  them.  Some  relate  to  me  the 
events  of  past  ages,  while  others  reveal  to  me  the  secrets 
of  nature.  Some  teach  me  how  to  live,  and  others  how  to 
die.  Some,  by  their  vivacity,  drive  away  my  cares  and  ex 
hilarate  my  spirits,  while  others  give  fortitude  to  my  mind, 
and  teach  me  the  important  lesson  how  to  restrain  my  de 
sires,  and  to  depend  wholly  on  myself.  They  open  to  me, 
in  short,  the  various  avenues  of  all  the  arts  and  sciences, 
and  upon  their  information  I  safely  rely,  in  all  emergencies. 
In  return  for  all  these  services,  they  only  ask  me  to  accom 
modate  them  with  a  convenient  chamber  in  some  corner 
of  my  humble  habitation,  where  they  may  repose  in  peace: 
for  these  friends  are  more  delighted  by  the  tranquillity  of 
retirement,  than  with  the  tumults  of  society." 

Is  not  this  an  exquisite  picture  of  the  mine  of 
boundless  wealth,  of  the  unfailing  luxurious  repast, 
•which  that  man  possesses  who  has  a  taste  for  Read 
ing  and  Study  ? 

"Bookes  lookt  on  as  to  their  Readers  or  Authours,  do  at 
the  very  first  mention,  challenge  Preheminence  above  the 
Worlds  admired  fine  things.  Books  are  the  Qlasse  of 
Counsell  to  dress  ourselves  by.  They  are  lifes  best  busi 
ness  :  Vocation  to  these  hath  more  Emolument  coming  in, 
than  all  the  other  busie  Termes  of  life.  They  are  Feelesse 
Counsellours,  no  delaying  Patrons,  of  easie  Accesse,  and 
kind  Expedition,  never  sending  away  empty  any  Client  or 
Petitioner.  They  are  for  Company,  the  best  Friends ;  in 
doubts,  Counsellours ;  in  Damp,  Comforters ;  Time's  Per 


spective  ;  the  home  Traveller's  Ship,  or  Horse,  the  busie 
man's  best  Recreation,  the  Opiate  of  Idle  weariness ;  the 
mind's  best  Ordinary  j  Nature's  Garden  and  Seed-plot  of 
Immortality.  Time  spent  (needlessly)  from  them,  is  con 
sumed,  but  with  them,  twice  gain'd.  Time  captivated  and 
snatched  from  thee,  by  Incursions  of  business,  Thefts  of 
Visitants,  or  by  thy  own  Carelessnesse  lost,  is  by  these,  re 
deemed  in  life ;  they  are  the  soul's  Viaticum ;  and  against 
death  its  Cordiall.  In  a  true  verdict,  no  such  Treasure  aa 
a  Library." 

Good  old  Bishop  HALL  is  eloquent  on  the  same 
theme : 

MEDITATION  ON  THE  SIGHT  OF  A  LARGE  LIBRARY. 

"  What  a  world  of  thought  is  here  packed  up  together ! 
I  know  not  whether  this  sight  doth  more  dismay,  or  com 
fort  me.  It  dismays  me  to  think  that  here  is  so  much  that 
I  cannot  know ;  it  comforts  me  to  think  that  this  variety 

affords  so  much  assistance  to  know  what  I  should 

What  a  happiness  is  it,  that  without  the  aid  of  necromancy, 
I  can  here  call  up  any  of  the  ancient  worthies  of  learning, 
whether  human  or  divine,  and  confer  with  them  upon  all 
my  doubts  ;  that  I  can  at  pleasure  summon  whole  synoda 
of  reverend  fathers  and  acute  doctors  from  all  the  coasts 
of  the  earth,  to  give  their  well-studied  judgments  in  all 
doubtful  points  which  I  propose.  Nor  can  I  cast  my  eye 
casually  upon  any  of  these  silent  masters,  but  I  must  learn 
somewhat.  It  is  a  wantonness  to  complain  of  choice.  No 
law  binds  us  to  read  all ;  but  the  more  we  can  take  in  and 
digest,  the  greater  will  be  our  improvement. 

"  Blessed  be  God,  who  hath  set  up  so  many  clear  lamps 
in  his  church:  none  but  the  wilfully  blind  can  plead  dark 
ness.  And  blessed  be  the  memory  of  those,  his  faithful 
servants,  who  have  left  their  blood,  their  spirits,  their  lives 
in  these  precious  papers ;  and  have  willingly  wasted  them 
selves  into  these  enduring  monuments  to  give  light  to 
others." 

'  BOOKS,  as  Dryden  has  aptly  termed  them,  are  specta 
cles  to  read  Nature.  Eschylus  and  Aristotle,  Shakspeare, 
and  Bacon,  are  Priests  who  preach  and  expound  the  mys 
teries  of  Man  and  the  Universe.  They  teach  us  to  under 
stand  and  feel  what  we  see,  to  decipher  and  syllable  the 
hieroglyphics  of  the  senses." — HARE. 

The  advice  of  Lord  BACON  to  Chief  Justice  COKE 
should  be  pondered  by  every  one  desirous  of  mental 
improvement: 

'  For  Friends,  although  your  Lordship  be  scant,  yet  I 
hope  you  are  not  altogether  destitute ;  if  you  be,  do  but 
ook  upon  good  BOOKS  :  they  are  true  Friends,  that  will 
neither  flatter  nor  dissemble :  be  you  but  true  to  yourself, 
applying  that  which  they  teach  unto  the  party  grieved,  and 
you  shall  need  no  other  comfort  nor  counsel.  To  them, 
and  to  God's  Holy  Spirit  directing  you  in  the  reading  of 
them,  I  commend  your  Lordship." 

'Let  us  consider  how  great  a  commodity  of  doctrine 
exists  in  books ;  how  easily,  how  secretly,  how  safely  they 
expose  the  nakedness  of  human  ignorance,  without  putting 
t  to  shame.  These  are  the  masters  who  instruct  us  with 
out  rods  and  ferrules,  without  hard  words  and  anger,  with 
out  clothes  or  money.  If  you  approach  them,  they  are  not 
asleep ;  if  investigating  you  interrogate  them,  they  conceal 
nothing ;  if  you  mistake  them,  they  never  grumble  j  if  you 
are  ignorant,  they  cannot  laugh  at  you."— RICHARD  DB 
BURY  :  Philobiblian. 

"  Books  are  not  absolutely  dead  things,  but  do  contain  a 
rogenyof  life  in  them,  to  be  as  active  as  that  soul  was, 
vhose  progeny  they  are ;  nay,  they  do  preserve,  as  in  a 


INTRODUCTION. 


15 


vial,  the  purest  efficacy  and  extraction  of  that  living  intel 
lect  that  bred  them.  I  know  they  are  as  lively  and  as 
vigorously  productive  as  those  fabulous  dragon's  teeth; 
and,  being  sown  up  and  down,  may  chance  to  spring  up 
armed  men.  As  good  almost  to  kill  a  man,  as  kill  a  good 
book :  who  kills  a  man,  kills  a  reasonable  creature— God's 
image ;  but  he  who  destroys  a  good  book,  kiUs  reason  it 
self—kills  the  image  of  God,  as  it  were,  in  the  eye.  Many 
a  man  lives  a  burden  to  the  earth ;  but  a  good  book  is  the 
precious  life-blood  of  a  master-spirit,  embalmed  and  trea 
sured  up  on  purpose  to  a  life  beyond  life." — JOHN  MILTON. 

"  Here  is  the  best  solitary  company  in  the  world,  and  in 
this  particular,  chiefly  excelling  any  other,  that  in  my  study 
I  am  sure  to  converse  with  none  but  wise  men ;  but  abroad 
it  is  impossible  for  me  to  avoid  the  society  of  fools.  What 
an  advantage  have  I,  by  this  good  fellowship,  that,  besides 
the  help  which  I  receive  from  hence,  in  reference  to  my 
life  after  this  life,  I  can  enjoy  the  life  of  so  many  ages  be 
fore  I  lived  !  That  I  can  be  acquainted  with  the  passages 
of  three  or  four  thousand  years  ago,  as  if  they  were  the 
weekly  occurrences.  Here,  without  travelling  so  far  as 
Endor,  I  can  call  up  the  ablest  spirits  of  those  times,  the 
learnedest  philosophers,  the  wisest  counsellors,  the  greatest 
generals,  and  make  them  serviceable  to  me.  I  can  make 
bold  with  the  best  jewels  they  have  in  their  treasury,  with 
the  same  freedom  that  the  Israelites  borrowed  of  the  Egyp 
tians,  and,  without  suspicion  of  felony,  make  use  of  them 
as  mine  own." — SIR  WILLIAM  WALLER  :  Meditation  upon 
the  Contentment  I  have  in  my  Hooks  and  Study. 

"  That  place  that  does 
Contain  my  books,  the  best  companions,  is 
To  me  a  glorious  court,  where  hourly  I 
Converse  with  the  old  sages  and  philosophers ; 
And  sometimes  for  variety,  I  confer 
With  kings  and  emperors,  and  weigh  their  counsels, 
Calling  their  victories,  if  unjustly  got, 
Unto  a  strict  account;  and  in  my  fancy, 
Deface  their  ill-placed  statues.     Can  I  then 
Part  with  such  constant  pleasures,  to  embrace 
Uncertain  vanities  ?    No :  be  it  your  care 
To  augment  a  heap  of  wealth  ;  it  shall  be  mine 
To  increase  in  knowledge."  FLETCHER. 

"  Books  should  to  one  of  these  four  ends  conduce, 
For  wisdom,  piety,  delight,  or  use."  DENHAM. 

"To  divert,  at  any  time,  a  troublesome  fancy,  run  to  thy 
BOOKS.  They  presently  fix  thee  to  them,  and  drive  the 
other  out  of  thy  thoughts.  They  always  receive  thee  with 
the  same  kindness." — FULLER. 

"  It  is  manifest  that  all  government  of  action  is  to  be  got 
ten  by  knowledge,  and  knowledge,  best,  by  gathering  many 
knowledges,  which  is  BEADING." — SIR  PHILIP  SIDNEY. 

"Education  begins  the  gentleman,  but  READING,  good 
company,  and  reflection,  must  finish  him."— LOCKE. 

"Books  are  part  of  man's  prerogative; 
In  formal  ink  they  thought  and  voices  hold, 
That  we  to  them  our  solitude  may  give, 
And  make  time  present  travel  that  of  old. 
Our  life,  Fame  pieceth  longer  at  the  end, 
And  Books  it  farther  backward  doth  extend." 

SIR  THOMAS  OVERBITRY. 

"  Knowledge  of  Books  in  a  man  of  business,  is  as  a  torch 
in  the  hands  of  one  who  is  willing  and  able  to  show  those 
who  are  bewildered  the  way  which  leads  to  prosperity  and 
welfare."— Spectator. 

"  Like  friends,  we  should  return  to  Books  again  and 


again ;  for,  like  true  friends,  they  will  never  fail  us, — never 
cease  to  instruct, — never  cloy." — Joineriana. 

"  Books  are  standing  counsellors  and  preachers,  always 
at  hand,  and  always  disinterested ;  having  this  advantage 
over  oral  instructors,  that  they  are  ready  to  repeat  their 
lesson  as  often  as  we  please." — ANON. 

"  In  England,  where  there  are  as  many  new  books  pub- 
lished,  as  in  all  the  rest  of  Europe  put  together,  a  spirit  of 
freedom  and  reason  reigns  among  the  people ;  they  have 
been  often  known  to  act  like  fools,  they  are  generally  found 

to  think  like  men An  author  may  be  considered  aa 

a  merciful  substitute  to  the  legislature.     He  acts  not  by 
punishing  crimes,  but  by  preventing  them." — GOLDSMITH. 

"  Next  to  acquiring  good  friends,  the  best  acquisition  is 
that  of  good  books." — COLTON. 

"Young  men  should  not  be  discouraged  from  buying 
books :  much  may  depend  upon  it.  It  is  said  of  Whiston, 
that  the  accidental  purchase  of  Tacquet's  own  Euclid  at  an 
auction,  first  occasioned  his  application  to,  mathematical 
studies." — Biography  of  Whiston. 

"  The  foundation  of  knowledge  must  be  laid  by  reading. 
General  principles  must  be  had  from  books ;  which,  how 
ever,  must  be  brought  to  the  test  of  real  life.  In  conver 
sation,  you  never  get  a  system.  What  is  said  upon  a 
subject,  is  to  be  gathered  from  a  hundred  people.  The 
parts  which  a  man  gets  thus,  are  at  such  a  distance  from 
each  other,  that  be  never  attains  to  a  full  view." — DR. 
SAMUEL  JOHNSON. 

"  Books  are  men  of  higher  stature, 

And  the  only  men  that  speak  aloud  for  future  times  to  hear." 
ELIZABETH  B.  BARRETT. 

"  The  past  but  lives  in  words ;  a  thousand  ages 
Were  blank,  if  books  had  not  evoked  their  ghosts. 
And  kept  the  pale  unbodied  shades  to  warn  us 
From  fleshless  lips."  E.  L.  BULWER. 

"  It  is  books  that  teach  us  to  refine  our  pleasures  when 
young,  and  which,  having  so  taught  us,  enable  us  to  recall 
them  with  satisfaction  when  old." — LEIGH  HUNT. 

"  Were  I  to  pray  for  a  taste  which  should  stand  me  in 
stead  under  every  variety  of  circumstances,  and  be  a  source 
of  happiness  and  cheerfulness  to  me  during  life,  and  a 
shield  against  its  ills,  however  things  might  go  amiss,  and 
the  world  frown  upon  me,  it  would  be  A  TASTE  FOR  READ 
ING.  Give  a  man  this  taste,  and  the  means  of  gratifying 
it,  and  you  can  hardly  fail  of  making  him  a  happy  man ; 
unless,  indeed,  you  put  into  his  hands  a  most  perverse 
selection  of  Books.  You  place  him  in  contact  with  the  best 
society  in  every  period  of  history, — with  the  wisest,  the 
wittiest,  the  tenderest,  the  bravest,  and  the  purest  characters 
who  have  adorned  humanity.  You  make  him  a  denizen 
of  all  nations,  a  contemporary  of  all  ages.  The  world  has 
been  created  for  him !" — SIR  JOHN  HERSCHEL:  Address  at 
the  Opening  of  the  Eton  Library,  1833. 

"  In  the  best  Books  great  men  talk  to  us,  with  us,  and 
give  us  their  most  precious  thoughts.  Books  are  the  voices 
of  the  distant  and  the  dead.  Books  are  the  true  levellers. 
They  give  to  all  who  will  faithfully  use  them,  the  society 
and  the  presence  of  the  best  and  greatest  of  our  race.  No 
matter  how  poor  I  am;  no  matter,  though  the  prosperous 
of  my  own  time  will  not  enter  my  obscure  dwelling;  if 
LEARNED  MEN  AND  POETS  will  enter  and  take  up  their 
abode  under  my  roof — if  MILTON  will  cross  my  threshold 
to  sing  to  me  of  Paradise;  and  SHAKSPEARE  open  to  me 
the  worlds  of  imagination,  and  the  workings  of  the  human 
heart;  and  FRANKLIN  enrich  me  with  his  practical  wisdom, 


16 


INTRODUCTION. 


— I  shall  not  pine  for  want  of  intellectual  companionship, 
and  I  may  become  a  cultivated  man,  though  excluded  from 
what  is  called  the  best  society  in  the  place  where  I  live. 
....  I  know  how  hard  it  is  to  some  men,  especially  to 
those  who  spend  much  time  in  manual  labour,  to  fix  atten 
tion  on  Books.  Let  them  strive  to  overcome  the  difficulty, 
by  choosing  subjects  of  deep  interest,  or  by  reading  in 
company  with  those  they  love.  Nothing  can  supply  the 
place  of  BOOKS.  They  are  cheering  or  soothing  compa 
nions  in  solitude,  illness,  affliction.  The  wealth  of  both 
continents  would  not  compensate  for  the  good  they  impart. 
Let  every  man,  if  possible,  gather  some  good  BOOKS  under 
his  roof,  and  obtain  access  for  himself  and  family  to  some 
social  Library.  Almost  any  luxury  should  be  sacrificed  to 
this." — WILLIAM  ELLERY  CHANNING:  Self -Culture. 

"  If  the  crowns  of  all  the  kingdoms  of  Europe  were  laid 
down  at  my  feet  in  exchange  for  my  Books  and  my  love  of 
Reading,  I  would  spurn  them  all." — ARCHBISHOP  FENELON. 

"A  taste  for  Books  is  the  pleasure  and  glory  of  my 
life.  I  would  hot  exchange  it  for  the  glory  of  the  Indies." 
— EDWARD  GIBBON. 

And  now,  gentle  reader,  having  evoked  so  many 
of  the  "mighty  and  the  noble,  "who,  gathering  around 
thee,  a  "cloud  of  witnesses,"  have  sought  to  stimu 
late  thy  ambition  by  pointing  to  the  "  ample  page  of 
knowledge,  rich  with  the  spoils  of  time,"  let  me  hope 
that  a  spirit  hath  been  aroused  within  thee  which, 
•will  induce  thee  to  enter  in  and  possess  the  wealth 
of  the  land  :  a  goodly  heritage  is  before  thee ;  and 
like  the  chosen  people  of  old,  thou  shalt  be  enriched 
by  the  labours  of  thy  predecessors,  and  rejoice  in 
abundance  of  good. 

But  if  thy  heart  tells  thee  that  thou  hast  no  taste 
for  these  delights,  if  thou  still  preferrest  sensuous 
pleasures,  if  "  divine  philosophy,  though  musical  as 
is  Apollo's  lute,"  be  harsh  and  crabbed  to  thy  appre 
hension,  and  the  harp  and  the  viol  of  earthly  banquets 
allure  thee,  and  thou  be  of  those  who  "rejoice  at  the 
Bound  of  the  organ,"  the  ceremonies  of  bravery  and 
the  trappings  of  courts,  "  the  pomp  of  heraldry  and 
the  boast  of  power,"  put  by  this  volume,  and  go  thy 
way.  Thy  stolidity  is  impregnable ;  array  thyself 
with  the  cap  and  bells,  and  engage  thy  passage  in 
Barclay's  Shyp  of  Foyls  (q.  nom.) :  thy  "  talk  is  of 
bullocks,"  and  of  such  the  Son  of  Sirach  says : 

"  They  shall  not  be  sought  for  in  public  council,  nor  sit 
high  in  the  congregation  :  they  shall  not  sit  on  the  judges' 
seat,  nor  understand  the  sentence  of  the  judgment :  they 
cannot  declare  justice  and  judgment;  and  they  shall  not 
be  found  where  parables  are  spoken All  their  de 
sire  is  in  the  work  of  their  craft." 

The  History  of  England,  as  connected  with  a  review 
of  English  Literature,  may  be  divided  into  six  terms. 

1.  The  British  Period :  from  the  earliest  times  to  the 

Roman  Invasion,  B.  C.  55. 

2.  The  Roman  Period,  B.  C.  55,  A.  D.  449. 

3.  The  Anglo-Saxon  Period,  A.  D.  449,  A.  D.  1066. 

4.  The  Anglo-Norman  Period :  from  the  invasion  of 

William  the  Conqueror,  A.  D.  1066,  to  the  acces 
sion  of  Henry  the  Third,  A.  D.  1216. 

6.  From  the  accession  of  Henry  III.,  A.  D.  1216,  to 
the  accession  of  Elizabeth,  A.  D.  1558. 

6.  From  the  accession  of  Elizabeth,  A.  D.  1558,  to  the 
middle  of  the  nineteenth  century. 


In  this  division  we  have  not  adhered  to  the  classifi 
cation  of  some  preceding  writers,  but  we  trust  that 
we  have  not  innovated  without  sufficient  excuse.  The 
death  of  Stephen  de  Langton,  in  1228,  coincides  so 
nearly  with  the  accession  of  Henry  III.  in  1216,  that 
the  synchronism  offers  a  convenient  boundary  for  the 
Anglo-Norman  period.  The  reign  of  Henry  III.  ia 
likewise  historically  memorable  as  that  which  wit 
nessed  the  shooting  forth  of  that  feeble  germ  (the 
popular  element)  which  has  now  become  so  great  a 
tree,  that  the  Throne  and  the  Altar,  which  once  ob 
structed  its  growth,  now  repose  only  in  safety  under 
its  branches. 

The  advent  of  the  English  doctrinal  Reformation 
cannot  well  be  dated  before  the  accession  of  Elizabeth, 
and  the  literary  lustre  of  that  reign  affords  a  strong 
argument  for  its  being  adopted  as  a  boundary  between 
the  servility  of  the  Latin  period,  and  the  vigorous 
adolescence  of  the  English  tongue.  We  need  hardly 
explain  that  we  use  these  terms  respectively,  in  a 
chronological  and  philological  acceptation,  without 
any  reference  to  the  intellectual  calibre  of  the  writers 
of  these  epochs. 

In  the  earliest  times  of  which  we  have  any  record, 
we  find  the  Celts,  Cymry,  Welsh,  or  Britons,  the  in 
habitants  of  the  British  isles.  The  origin  of  the  early 
population  is  involved  in  obscurity.  The  theory  pro 
pounded  by  the  Welsh  priest,  Tysilio,  in  the  seventh 
century,  and  gravely  alleged  by  Edward  I.,  in  his  let 
ter  to  Boniface,  in  the  fourteenth, — that  the  inhabit 
ants  of  the  southern  part  of  Britain  were  descended 
from  the  Trojans, — is  now  generally  discredited  by 
antiquaries.  Of  conjectures,  of  course,  there  is  no 
end ;  and  we  have  Aylett  Sammes,  contending  for 
the  Phoenician  origin  of  the  first  colonizers  of  Bri 
tain  and  Ireland ;  Sir  William  Betham,  who  insists 
upon  awarding  the  priority  of  occupation  to  the  Picts, 
or  Cimbri  of  antiquity,  and  many  other  theories  as 
ingenious  as  they  are  incapable  of  demonstration. 

Of  the  language  of  this  people  we  know  but  little  : 

"Though  the  Britains  or  Welch  were  the  first  possessors 
of  this  island  whose  names  are  recorded,  and  are  therefore 
in  civil  history  always  considered  as  the  predecessors  of 
the  present  inhabitants ;  yet  the  deduction  of  the  English 
language,  from  the  earliest  times  of  which  we  have  any 
knowledge,  to  its  present  state,  requires  no  mention  of 
them  :  for  we  have  so  few  words  which  can,  with  any  pro 
bability,  be  referred  to  British  roots,  that  we  justly  regard 
the  Saxons  and  Welch,  as  nations  totally  distinct."— DR. 
SAMUEL  JOHNSON. 

"  The  language  of  Britain  differed  very  little  from  that 
of  the  Gaul.  Some  of  the  British  tribes  seem  to  have  come 
from  Celtic,  and  others  from  Belgic,  Gaul ;  but  it  is  proba 
ble,  as  indeed  Strabo  distinctly  assures  us,  that  the  Celts 
and  the  Belgians  spoke  merely  two  slightly  differing  dia 
lects  of  the  same  tongue.  The  evidence  of  the  most  ancient 
names  of  localities  throughout  the  whole  of  South  Britain 
confirms  this  account ;  everywhere  these  names  appear  to 
belong  to  one  language,  and  that  the  same  which  is  still 
spoken  by  the  native  Irish,  and  the  Scotch  Highlanders  ; 
the  latter  of  whom  call  themselves,  to  this  day,  Gaels  or 
Gauls." — History  of  England. 

The  English  language  is  a  branch  of  the  Teutonic, 
or  Gothic,  which  is  the  mother-tongue  of  many  dia 
lects  now  prevailing  in  several  of  the  countries  of 


INTRODUCTION. 


17 


Europe.     Dr.  Hickes  gives  the  following  genealogical 
table  : 
GOTHIC. 

Anglo-Saxon,            Francick, 
Dutch,                       German, 
Frisick, 
English, 

Cimbrick, 
Islandick, 
Norwegian, 
Swedish, 
Danish. 

"  What  was  the  form  of  the  Saxon  language  when,  about 
the  year  450,  they  first  entered  Britain,  cannot  now  he 
known.  They  seem  to  have  been  a  people  without  learn 
ing,  and  very  probably  without  an  alphabet;  their  speech, 
therefore,  having  been  always  cursory  and  extemporaneous 
must  have  been  artless  and  unconnected,  without  any 
modes  of  transition  or  involution  of  clauses ;  which  abrupt 
ness  and  inconnection  may  be  observed  even  in  their  later 
writings.  This  barbarity  may  be  supposed  to  have  con 
tinued  during  their  wars  with  the  Britain*,  which  for 
time  left  them  no  leisure  for  softer  studies ;  nor  is  there 
any  reason  for  supposing  it  abated  till  the  year  570,  when 
Augustine  came  from  Rome  to  convert  them  to  Christianity. 
The  Christian  religion  always  implies  or  produces  a  certain 
degree  of  civility  and  learning;  they  then  became  by  de 
grees  acquainted  with  the  Roman  language,  and  so  gained, 
from  time  to  time,  some  knowledge  and  elegance,  till  in 
three  centuries  they  had  formed  a  language  capable  of  ex 
pressing  all  the  sentiments  of  a  civilized  people,  as  appears 
by  King  Alfred's  paraphrase  in  imitation  of  Boethius,  and 
his  short  preface,  which  I  have  selected  as  the  first  speci 
men  of  ancient  English."— DR.  SAMUEL  JOHNSON. 

About  1150,  the  Saxon  began  to  take  the  form 
which  was  gradually  moulded  to  the  proportions  of 
the  modern  English,  though  not  without  a  most  im 
portant  admixture  of  other  elements.  After  the  Nor 
man  conquest,  many  Saxon  words  became  obsolete, 
and  Latin  and  French  shoots  were  from  time  to  time 
grafted  upon  the  present  stock,  until  in  the  fourteenth 
and  fifteenth  centuries  it  began  to  assume  the  form  of 
modern  English.  Yet  Gower  and  Chaucer  are  more  of 
a  task  than  a  pleasure  to  the  ordinary  English  reader. 

"Nothing  can  be  more  difficult  than  to  determine,  except 
by  an  arbitrary  line,  the  commencement  of  the  English 
language;  not  so  much,  as  in  those  of  the  continent,  be 
cause  we  are  in  want  of  materials,  but  rather  from  an 
opposite  reason— the  possibility  of  tracing  a  very  gradual 
accession  of  verbal  changes  that  ended  in  a  change  of  de 
nomination.  For  when  we  compare  the  earliest  English 
of  the  thirteenth  century  with  the  Anglo-Saxon  of  the 
twelfth,  it  seems  hard  to  pronounce  why  it  should  pass  for 
a  separate*  language,  rather  than  a  modification  or  simpli 
fication  of  the  former.  We  must  conform,  however,  to 
usage,  and  say  that  the  Anglo-Saxon  was  converted  into 
English— 1,  by  contracting,  or  otherwise  modifying,  the 
pronunciation  and  orthography  of  words ;  2,  by  omitting 
many  inflections,  especially  of  the  noun,  and  consequently 
making  more  use  of  articles  and  auxiliaries ;  3,  by  the 
introduction  of  French  derivations ;  4,  by  using  less  inver 
sion  and  ellipsis,  especially  in  poetry.  Of  these,  the  second 
alone,  I  think,  can  be  considered  as  sufficient  to  describe  a 
new  form  of  language ;  and  this  was  brought  about  so 
gradually,  that  we  are  not  relieved  of  much  of  our  difficulty, 
whether  some  comp9sitions  shall  pass  for  the  latest  offspring 
of  the  mother,  or  the  earliest  fruit  of  the  fertility  of  the 
daughter."— HALLAM. 

That  eminent  philologer,  Dr.  WEBSTER,  has  been 


taken  to  task  for  asserting  at  the  conclusion  of  some 
quotations  from  the  Laws  of  Kings  ^Ethelbert  and 
Eadgar,  that  "we  observe  by  these  extracts  that 
rather  more  than  half  the  Saxon  words  have  been 
lost,  and  now  form  no  part  of  our  language." 
The  Dr.  subsequently  remarks : 

"  Mr.  Meidinger  of  Frankfort,  in  the  Introduction  to  his 
Etymological  and  Comparative  Dictionary  of  the  Teuto- 
Grothic  Languages,  notices  this  observation  of  mine,  respect 
ing  the  proportion  of  Saxon  words  which  have  been  lost, 
and  then  states  the  opinion  of  Mr.  Turner,  that  more  than 
four-fifths  of  the  words  in  modern  English  are  of  Saxon 
origin.  This  difference  in  the  two  statements  proceeds 
from  a  circumstance  overlooked.  My  statement  refers  only 
to  the  actual  proportion  of  Saxon  words  retained  in  the 
vocabulary,  which  is  probably  less  than  half  of  the  whole 
number  of  words  in  the  language.  Mr.  Turner's  state 
ment  refers  to  the  proportion  of  Saxon  words  actually  used 
in  our  common  language,  which  is,  doubtless,  as  great  as 
he  represents  it.  The  words  of  Saxon  origin  are  the  more 
necessary  words ;  such  as  are  wanted  in  all  the  common 
concerns  of  life ;  and  therefore  in  use  they  compose  the 
body  of  the  language." — Introduction  to  Webster's  Eng 
lish  Dictionary. 

It  will  be  observed  that  we  do  not  profess  to  enter 
into  the  learning  of  philological  investigation,  or  to 
discuss  the  many  modern  dissertations  upon  this  in 
teresting  department  of  study.  Such  a  departure 
from  our  plan  would  be  altogether  unjustifiable.  The 
reader  who  desires  to  pursue  this  subject  will  find 
valuable  guides  in  the  prefaces  and  introductions  to 
JOHNSON'S,  WEBSTER'S,  and  RICHARDSON'S  Diction 
aries,  and  in  the  works  of  LYE,  BOSWORTH,  THORPE, 
PEOGE,  PAYNE,  CLARK,  WELSFORD,  HARRISON,  LA 
THAM,  SAVAGE,  MACLEAN,  MARCET,  &c. 

Having  taken  a  hasty  review  of  the  language,  we 
now  proceed  to  the  examination  of  the  literature  of 
our  ancestors. 

The  first  two  periods  of  our  classification — the 
British  and  the  Koman — afford  nothing  to  arrest  our 
attention : 

"  Whatever  existed  in  those  remote  times  deserving  the 
name  of  learning  or  scientific  knowledge,  never  having 
been  committed  to  writing,  and  having  consequently  pe 
rished  with  the  general  subversion  of  the  order  of  things 
then  established,  cannot  be  regarded  as  having  been  even 

he  beginning  or  rudimental  germ  of  that  which  we  now 
possess.  The  present  literary  civilization  of  England  dates 

ts  commencement  only  from  the  Saxon  period,  and  not 

rom  a  very  early  point  in  that." 

The  first  name  in  the  catalogue  of  Anglo-Saxon 
writers  is  that  of  GILDAS,  said  by  William  of  Malms- 
bury  and  Johannes  Glastoniensis,  to  have  died  A,D. 
512,  which  early  date  is  inconsistent  with  other  state 
ments  in  which  his  name  occurs.  Gildas  is  repre 
sented  to  have  been  a  zealous  missionary,  the  son  of 
Cam  or  Ken,  a  British  king,  who  reigned  in  the  dis 
trict  of  Alcluyd,  (Dumbarton.)  To  this  writer,  ia 
ascribed,  by  Bede,  a  tract  (in  Latin)  on  British  His 
tory  under  the  Romans,  and  during  the  Saxon  inva- 
ion,  &c.  This  work  de  Excidio  B-ritannicce  is  chiefly 
sompiled  from  Roman  writers.  Giraldus  Carabren- 
is  mentions  the  epigrams  of  Gildas ;  and  Geoffrey 
•f  Monmouth,  John  Brompton,  and  Bale,  ascribe 


18 


INTRODUCTION. 


theological  and  other  treatises  to  this  author.  So  far 
are  we  removed  from  certainty  on  these  questions, 
that  whilst  some  contend  for  two  of  the  name,  others 
deny  that  Gildas  is  any  thing  more  than  a  fabulous 
personage. 

We  may  remark,  in  pursuing  our  subject,  that  it 
•will  be  unnecessary  for  us  to  enter  here  into  any  his 
torical  details  of  the  writers  we  shall  mention;  as 
those  of  any  importance  will  be  treated  of  in  the 
Lbody  of  this  work. 

The  reader  should  carefully  peruse  the  Biographia 
Britannica  Literaria,  Anglo-Saxon  Period,  1  vol., 
Lon.,  1842  ;  Anglo-Norman  Period,  1  vol.,  Lon.,  1846, 
by  that  eminent  scholar,  Thomas  Wright,  A.  M., 
Corresponding  Member  of  the  Institute  of  France, 
(Academic  des  Inscriptions  et  Belles- Lettres,)  published 


under  the  superintendence  of  the  Council  of  the 
Royal  Society  of  Literature.  To  these  works  we 
have  been  largely  indebted  for  our  notices  of  the 
writers  of  this  early  age,  and  have  had  so  much  con 
fidence  in  Mr.  Wright's  accuracy,  that  we  have  in 
corporated  large  portions  of  his  sketches  of  eminent 
authors,  as  Bede,  Alfred,  Neckham,  &c.,  into  our 
work,  without  notice  of  other  authorities  upon  the 
same  subjects.  This  is  the  only  case  in  which  we 
have  so  closely  followed  our  authority ;  of  course 
credit  has  been  given  to  Mr.  Wright  at  the  conclusion 
of  the  articles,  for  the  matter  thus  borrowed.  We 
shall  increase  our  obligations  to  this  learned  gentle 
man  by  presenting  the  reader  with  the  following 
tables  of  the  writers  of  the  Anglo-Saxon  and  Anglo- 
Norman  periods,  extracted  from  the  Biog.  Brit.  Lit. : 


ANGLO-SAXON  PERIOD. 


A.  IT. 

A.  D. 

A.  D. 

530-600.  Gildas. 

V40.  Acca, 

g| 

fl.    956.  Fridegode. 

Nennius. 

732.  Albinus, 

CD 

984.  Ethelwold. 

St.  Columbanus. 

739.  Nothhelm, 

| 

988.  Dunstan. 

Died    709.  Wilfred. 

745.  Daniel, 

^ 

992.  Oswald. 

690.  Benedict  Biscop. 

740.  Ethelwald, 

.3 

974.  Aio. 

c.    680.  Caedmon. 

after    737.  Forthhere, 

2. 

988.  Fulbertus. 

704.  Adamnan. 

after    731.  Hwebert, 

0 

gl 

Bricstan. 

705.  Haeddi,  or  Hedda. 

Plegwin, 

0 

•-*> 

fl.    980.  Lantfredus. 

709.  Aldhelm. 

Withred, 

a? 

fl.    990.  Wolstan. 

c.    718.  Egwin. 

Cuthbert,     J  p* 

fl.    980.  Bridferth. 

720.  Eddius  Stephanus. 

797.  Ethelbert. 

fl.    990.  Alfric  of  Malmsbury. 

721.  John  of  Beverley. 

Ethelwolf. 

1006.  Alfric  of  Canterbury. 

716.  Ceolfrid. 

Dicuil. 

Adalard. 

729.  Egbert. 

868.  Swithun. 

1051.  Alfric  Bata. 

721.  Eadfrith. 

877.  Neot. 

1008.  Cynewulf,  or  Kenulf. 

726.  Tobias. 

901.  King  Alfred. 

1023.  Wulfstan. 

731.  Berctwald. 

910.  Asser. 

fl.  1010.  Oswald,                   I  g 

734.  Tatwine. 

923.  Plegmund. 

1038.  Ethelnoth, 

fl.    730.  Felix. 

915.  Werferth. 

fl.  1020.  Haymo  of  York,      [  $ 

738.  Wilbrord. 

897.  Denewulf. 

1054.  Haymo  of  Canter-     §-' 

735.  Bede. 

903.  Grimbald. 

bury,                    J  2 

766.  Egbert  of  York. 

John  the  "mass-priest." 

1047.  Withman. 

758.  Cuthbert  of  Canterbury. 

877.  Joannes  Scotus. 

fl.  1066.  Folchard. 

755.  Boniface  (Winifrid). 

Hucarius. 

1077.  Hereman. 

787.  Willibald. 

Ercombert. 

1086.  Giso. 

689.  Willehad. 

Aldred  the  Glossator. 

1098.  Gotselin. 

804.  Alcuin. 

961.  Odo,  archbishop  of  Can 

fl.  1090.  Ethelward. 

763.  Frithwald. 

terbury. 

1095.  Wulstan. 

Died  1089.  Lanfranc. 

c.  1076.  Guy,  bishop  of  Amiens, 
fl.  1082.  Gerland. 

1095.  Robert,  bishop  of  Here 

ford. 

1096.  William,  bishop  of  Dur 

ham. 


ANGLO-NORMAN  PERIOD. 

1098.  Osmund,  bishop  of  Sa 
lisbury. 

1100.  Thomas,  archbishop  of 

York. 
c.  1100.  Osbern  of  Canterbury. 

1109.  Ingulf. 

1107.  Godfrey  of  Winchester. 


fl.  1100.  Lucian  of  Chester. 
1102.  Ssewulf. 
1108.  Gundulf. 
1108.  Gerard,  archbishop  of 
York. 


MINOR  WRITERS  OF  THE  ELEVENTH  CENTURY. 


fl.  1082.  Sulcard. 
1096.  Ricemarchus. 

Hemming,  sub-prior  of 
Worcester. 


Hammelinus  of  Veru- 

lam. 
1113.  Colman. 

Alwin,  or  Ailwin. 


1117.  Faritius. 

Leofric  of  Brun. 
Warnier,  or  Gamier. 
Johannes  Grammaticug. 


INTRODUCTION. 


A.  D. 

1109.  Anselm. 
1135.  King  Henry  I. 

1110.  William  of  Chester. 

1114.  Gilbert  Crispin. 

1115.  Turgot. 

1118.  Florence  of  Worcester. 

1119.  Herebert,  bishop  of  Nor 

wich. 


A.  D. 

1112.  Reginald  of  Canter 
bury. 

1124.  Ernulph,  bishop  of  Ro 
chester. 

1124.  Eadmer. 

1134.  Stephen  Harding. 

1120.  Philip  de  Thaun. 


A.  D. 

fl.  1124.  Roger  Infans. 

Hilarius. 

fl.  1120.  Athelard  of  Bath, 
fl.  1129.  Simeon  of  Durham. 
1134.  Gilbert,  bishop  of  Lon 
don  (Universalis.) 
1137.  Ailmer. 


MINOR  WRITERS  OP  THE  REIGN  or  HENRY  I. 


1122.  Radulph,  bishop  of  Ro 
chester. 

1124.  Nicholas,  prior  of  Wor 
cester. 

fl.  1120.  Geoffrey  of  Llandaff. 
fl.  1120.  Benedict  of  Gloucester. 

after  1143.  Ordericus  Vitalis. 
fl.  1143.  Robert  de  Retines. 
Turold. 
Everard. 

Helys  of  Winchester. 
Samson  de  Nanteuil. 


1151.  Geoffrey  of  Burton, 
fl.  1140.  Robert  of  Salop. 

fl.  1150.  Robert  le  Poule. 
fl.  1143.  Richard  of  Hexham. 
fl.  1170.  John  of  Hexham. 
fl.  1159.  Robert  of  Cricklade. 

1166.  Ailred  of  Rievaux. 

fl.  1165.  Reginald  of  Durham. 
1164.  Hugh,  abbot  of  Read 
ing. 

1167.  Robert  de  Melun,bishop 

of  Hereford. 

fl.  1168.  William    of     Peterbo 
rough. 

1170.  Thomas  Becket,  arch 
bishop  of  Canterbury, 
after  1171.  Wace. 

fl.  1170.  Radulph  de  Dunstable. 
fl.  1170.  William  of  St.  Alban's. 


fl.  1120.  David,  bishop  of  Ban- 

gor. 
1129.  Gilbert,  archdeacon  of 

Buckingham. 
1146.  Geoffrey,  abbot  of  St. 

Alban's. 

Guiscard,  or  Guichard 

de  Beaulieu. 

fl.  1140.  William  of  Malmsbury. 
1154.  Geoffrey  of  Monmouth. 
fl.  1148.  Gaimar. 

David, 
fl.  1150.  Alfred  of  Beverley. 

MINOR  WRITERS  UNDER  STEPHEN. 

fl.  1140.  Nicholas     of    St.    Al 
ban's. 

fl.  1170.  John  of  Cornwall, 
fl.  1170.  Gervase  of  Chichester. 
fl.  1170.  Roger  of  Hereford, 
fl.  1170.  Alfred  the  Philosopher, 
fl.  1174.  Jordan  Fantosme. 
fl.  1175.  Odo  of  Kent, 
fl.  1175.  Odo  de  Cirington. 
fl.  1160.  Roger  of  Salisbury. 

1175.  Daniel  de  Merlai. 

1180.  John  of  Salisbury. 

1180.  Adam  du  Petit  Pont. 

1184.  Girard'du  Pucelle. 

1186.  Bartholomew,  bishop  of 

Exeter. 

fl.  1184.  John  de  Hauteville. 
fl.  1185.  Jocelin  of  Furness. 
fl.  1180.  Benoit  de  Sainte-Maur. 


1114.  Thomas  of  Bayeux, 
archbishop  of  York. 

1140.  Thurstan,  archbishop 
of  York. 

1112.  Stephen  of  Whitby. 


fl.  1150.  Osbern  of  Gloucester. 
1154.  Laurence  of  Durham. 

c.  1154.  Caradoc  of  Lancarvan. 
after  1154.  Henry  of  Huntingdon, 
after  1154.  William  de  Conches, 
after  1155.  Hugo  Candidus. 


1146.  William  of  Rievaux. 

Richard  of  Worcester. 

fl.  1180.  Clement  of  Lanthony. 
fl.  1180.  Robert  of  Bridlington. 
fl.  1180.  Herebert  of  Boshana. 
1188.  Gilbert  Foliot. 
1186.  Robert  Foliot. 
1190.  Ranulph  de  Glanville. 
bef.  1195.  Richard  of  Ely. 
1174.  Thomas  of  Ely. 

Gervase  of  Tilbury. 
1193.  Richard,  bishop  of  Lon 
don. 
1190.  Baldwin,  archbishop  of 

Canterbury. 
Walter  Mapes. 
Robert  de  Borron. 
Luces  de  Gast. 


MINOR  WRITERS  OF  THE  REIGN  OP  HENRY  II. 


Serlo. 

Daniel  Church, 
fl.  1170.  Thomas  of  Beverley. 

Gualo. 

fl.  1160.  Adalbert  of  Spalding. 
Radulph,  monk  of  West 
minster, 
fl.  1170.  Walter  Daniel. 

Hugo  Soteevagina. 
1177.  Walter    the    Gramma 
rian. 

fl.1180.  Odo,    abbot    of    Mure- 
mund. 


fl.  1185.  William    the    astrono 
mer. 

Richard,  abbot  of  Foun 
tains. 

Albericus  de  Vere. 
fl.  1160.  William  de  Wycumb. 

Thomas  of  Monmouth. 

Nicholas,  monk  of  Dur 
ham. 

Osbert  of  Clare. 

Samson,  monk  of  Can 
terbury. 


fl.  1171.  Robert  of  Glastonbury. 

Henry  of  Saltrey. 
1176.  Laurence,     abbot     of 

Westminster. 
1180.  Adam  the  Scot. 
Roger  of  Forde. 
fl.  1180.  Walter,    monk    of    St. 

Alban's. 
fl.  1180.  Philip,  prior  of  St.  Fri- 

deswith's. 

1191.  Adam,  abbot  of  Eves- 
ham. 


20 


INTRODUCTION. 


A.  D. 

1199.  King  Richard  Coeur  de 

Lion. 
1175.  Gu  ernes  du  Pont  de  St. 

Maxence. 
Bozun,  or  Boson. 
Herman. 

Hugh  de  Rutland. 
Thomas. 

Philip  de  Reimes. 
Maurice  and  Peter  de 

Craom. 

Renaud  de  Hoilande. 
Simon  du  Fresne. 
1186.  Nigellus  Wireker. 
1193.  Benedict    of    Peterbo 
rough. 


A.  D. 

fl.  1192.  Richard  of  Devizes. 

William  Fitz-Stephen. 
1202.  Alan  of  Tewkesbury. 

Roger  of  Croyland. 
after  1198.  Peter  of  Blois. 

1223.   Giraldus  Cambrensis. 
Geoffrey  de  Vinsauf. 
Joseph  of  Exeter, 
bef.  1136.  William  of  Newbury. 
after  1201.  Roger  de  Hoveden. 
fl.  1193.  John  of  Brompton. 
Radulph  de  Diceto. 
fl.  1200.  Richard  the  Canon. 
1207.  Walter  de  Coutances. 
Gulielmus  Peregrinus. 
Hugh  de  Hoveden. 


A.  D. 
fl.  1174.  Gervase  of  Canterbury 

Radulph  Niger. 

William  of  Ramsey. 

William  the  Clerk. 

Thomas  de  Bailleul. 

Orm. 

Nicholas  de  Guildford 

Layamon. 

1228.  Stephen  de  Langton. 
1228.  Gervase,  bishop  of  Seez. 
1217.  Alexander  Neckham. 
fl.  1200.  Joscelin  de  Brakelonde. 
fl.  1210.  Gilbertus  Anglicus. 
1213.  William  du  Mont. 

William  the  trouvere. 


MINOR  WRITERS  DURING  THE  REIGNS  or  RICHARD  I.  AND  JOHN. 


1214.  Geoffrey  of  Coldingham. 

Girard  of  Cornwall. 
1193.  Nicholas   de   Walking- 
ton. 

Maurice  of  Wales. 

Maurice  of  Ford. 

John  de  St.  Omer. 


Adam  of  Dore. 

Adam  of  Einesham. 

Robert  de  Beaufey. 
1220.  Alexander  le  Partiger. 
1172.  John  Cumyn. 

John,  abbot  of  Forde. 
1199.  Hugh  de  Nonant. 


Richard   the    Pre'mon- 

strensian. 
John  of  Tilbury. 
Samson,  abbot  of  Bury. 
John    of    Wallingford, 

abbot  of  St.  Alban's. 


The  following  remarks  are  interesting  in  this  con 
nection  : 

"  The  poetry  of  the  Anglo-Saxons  was  neither  modulated 
according  to  foot-measure,  like  that  of  the  Greeks  and 
Romans,  nor  written  with  rhymes,  like  that  of  many  mo 
dern  languages.  Its  chief  and  universal  characteristic 
was  a  very  regular  alliteration,  so  arranged  that,  in  every 
couplet  there  should  be  two  principal  words  in  the  first  line 
beginning  with  the  same  letter,  which  letter  must  also  be 
the  initial  of  the  first  word  on  which  the  stress  of  the  voice 
falls  in  the  second  line.  The  only  approach  to  a  metrical 
system  yet  discovered  is  that  two  risings  and  two  fallings 
of  the  voice  seem  necessary  to  each  perfect  line.  Two 
distinct  measures  are  met  with,  a  shorter  and  a  longer,  both 
commonly  mixed  together  in  the  same  poem,  the  former 
being  used  for  the  ordinary  narrative,  and  the  latter  adopted 
when  the  poet  sought  after  greater  dignity.  In  the  manu 
scripts,  the  Saxon  poetry  is  always  written  continuously 
like  prose,  perhaps  for  the  sake  of  convenience,  but  the 
division  of  the  lines  is  generally  marked  by  a  point 

"  The  popular  literature  of  the  Normans  in  France  and 
England  previous  to  the  twelfth  century  is  totally  unknown 

to  us However,  as  most  of  the  popular  literature 

of  this  period  was  confined  to  the  jongleurs,  who  were  at 
the  same  time  authors  and  minstrels,  and  as  it  was  proba 
bly  seldom,  or  never  committed  to  writing,  we  have  no 
difficulty  in  accounting  for  its  loss.  We  know  that  there 
were  jongleurs  in  Normandy  at  an  early  period,  and  that 
they  followed  their  patrons  to  England.  But  we  only  be 
come  acquainted  with  their  compositions  at  a  later  period. 
In  literature,  the  Anglo-Norman  language  first  makes  its 
appearance  in  poems  of  a  religious  and  serious  character ; 
and  it  seems  to  have  first  found  a  distinguished  patron  in 

Adelaide  of  Louvaine,  queen  of  Henry  I Most 

of  this  religious  and  serious  poetry  consisted  in  mere  trans 
lations  or  paraphrases  from  the  Latin,  and  the  writers 
make  no  further  pretension The  only  known  Eng 
lish  writers  of  Anglo-Saxon  prose  are  Walter  Mapes, 
Robert  de  Borron,  and  Luces  de  Gast,  the  authors  of 
lome  of  the  most  popular  romances  of  the  cycle  of  the 


Round  Table It  will  be  seen  by  this  briof  review  of 

the  literature  of  the  Anglo-Norman  language  during  the 
twelfth  century,  that,  until  the  close  of  the  century,  it  has 
no  great  attraction  beyond  a  few  historical  production** 
which  might  as  well  have  been  written  in  Latin,  and  one 

or  two  metrical  romances It  would  be  in  vain  to 

attempt  a  history  of  English  literature  in  the  twelfth  cen 
tury,  because  every  thing  connected  with  it  is  vague  and 
uncertain." — See  Introduction  to  Biog.  Brit.  Lit. 

The  reader  will  refer  to  the  articles,  C.EDMON,  the 
monk  (died  about  680) ;  BEDE  (died  735)  ;  King  AL 
FRED  (died  901) ;  ALFRIC  of  Canterbury  (died  1006) ; 
CYNEW,  Bishop  of  Winchester  (died  1008);  WULF- 
STAN,  Bishop  of  Worcester,  Archbishop  of  York  (died 
1023),  &c. — for  notices  of  some  of  the  principal  wri 
ters  from  the  death  of  Gildas  to  the  termination  of 
the  Saxon  Chronicle. 

The  Saxon  Chronicle,  the  production  of  a  number 
of  authors,  professes  to  give  a  history  of  English  affairs 
from  A.  D.  1-1150,  at  which  date  it  abruptly  con 
cluded. 

About  1180?  we  have  Layamon's  metrical  transla 
tion  of  the  Brut  cT  Angleterre,  of  Wace,  written  about 
1160,  and  itself  a  translation  from  Geoffrey  of  Mon- 
mouth.  This  ingeniour  monk  obliges  us  with  a  his 
tory  of  British  occurrences  from  Brutus  of  Troy, 
who  is  placed  long  before  the  Christian  era,  to 
Cadwallader,  A.D.  689.  Layamon  seems  to  know 
the  original  history  only  through  the  version  of  Mais- 
ter  Wrace.  Upon  the  same  history  principally,  is 
founded  the  Chronicle  of  Robert  of  Gloucester, 
{temp.  Henry  III.  and  Edward  I.)  who  professes  to 
narrate  the  history  of  England  from  the  time  of  Bru 
tus  to  the  death  of  Sir  Henry  of  Almaine. 

"  The  orations  with  which  he  occasionally  diversifies  the 
thread  of  his  story,  are,  in  general,  appropriate  and  dra 
matic,  and  not  only  prove  his  good  sense,  but  exhibit  no 


INTRODUCTION. 


21 


unfavourable  specimens  of  his  eloquence.  In  his  descrip 
tion  of  the  first  crusade,  he  seems  to  change  his  usual 
character,  and  becomes  not  only  entertaining,  but  even 
animated." — ELLIS. 

This  Chronicle  consists  of  more  than  ten  thousand 
lines,  and  Alexandrines  at  that!  The  Bodleian, 
Gottonian,  and  Harleian  MSS.  of  it  are  considered  the 
best.  There  is  also  one  in  the  Library  of  the 
Heralds'  College. 

The  next  of  the  Rhyming  Chronicles  is  Robert 
Manning,  or  Robert  de  Brunne,  (temp.  Edward  I. 
and  II.)  the  translator  of  Manuel  des  Ptches  and  Peter 
de  Langtoft's  Chronicle.  This  verse  is  shorter  than 
that  of  Robert  of  Gloucester,  approaching  the  octo 
syllabic  stanza  of  a  later  period. 

The  reader  will  find  some  specimens  of  the  changes 
of  language  in  the  periods  which  have  now  been  re 
ferred  to  in  an  excellent  work  accessible  to  all — W. 
&  R.  Chambers's  Cyclopaedia  of  English  Literature. 
Some  valuable  dissertations  in  the  introductions  to 
Shaw's  and  Spalding's  Histories  of  English  Litera 
ture  should  also  be  carefully  perused.  For  a  history 
of  the  English  Metrical  Romances,  the  period  of 
which  we  may  assume  to  be  1300-1500,  Warton's 
History  of  English  Poetry,  and  Halliwell's  and  Percy's 
Reliques  of  Ancient  English  Poetry,  should  be  con 
sulted.  The  literature  of  this  character  was  almost 
exclusively  composed  of  versions  from  French  origi 
nals.  The  theory  of  Sir  Walter  Scott  respecting 
Sir  Tristem,  and  Mr.  Warton's  ascription  of  The 
Life  of  Alexander  the  Great  to  Adam  Davie,  are  per 
haps  hardly  tenable  in  the  present  day.  Among  the 
best  known  compositions  of  this  period  may  be  men 
tioned,  SIB  GUY,  THE  SQUIRE  OF  Low  DEGREE, 
SIR  DEGORE,  KING  ROBERT  OP  SICILY,  THE  KING 
OP  TARS,  IMPOMEDON,  LA  MORT  ARTUR,  SIB  THOPAS, 
SIB  BE  vis,  SIB  ISENBRAS,  SIB  LIBIUS,  and  GAWAN 
AND  GALOGRAS.  Let  the  reader  carefully  peruse 
Ellis's  Historical  Introduction  on  the  Rise  and 
Progress  of  Romantic  Composition  in  France  and 
England ;  prefixed  to  the  Specimens  of  Early  English 
Metrical  Romances.  Of  this  valuable  work  a  new 
edition  has  been  published,  under  the  editorial  care 
of  the  eminent  antiquary,  philologist,  and  enthusias 
tic  philomath,  J.  Orchard  Halliwell,  Esq.,  F.  R.  S. 
(Bohn's  Antiquarian  Library,  Lon.,  1848 :  also  pro 
cure  The  Chronicles  of  the  Crusades ;  indeed  all  of 
the  volumes  of  this  valuable  series  should  be  in  the 
hands  of  the  curious  student.) 

The  following  remarks  are  not  without  interest  in 
this  connection: 

"  That  a  class  of  men  who  cultivated  the  arts  of  amuse 
ment  as  a  profession,  were  known  and  esteemed  by  the 
Normans  of  the  time  of  the  Conquest,  is  undeniably  proved 
by  the  evidence  of  Domesday -book ;  in  which  we  find  a 
certain  Bedric  possessed  of  a  large  tract  of  land  in  Glouces 
tershire,  under  the  title  of  joculator  regie.  The  register, 
of  course,  does  not  explain  the  talents  of  this  joculator,  or 
jongleur;  but  it  may  be  fairly  assumed  that  they  were 
similar  to  those  of  the  minstrel  Taillefer,  who,  as  Wace 
informs  us,  'moult  Men  chantont,'  and  who  preceded  the 
Duke  of  Normandy  at  the  battle  of  Hastings,  'singing 
about  Charlemagne,  and  Holland,  and  Olivier,  and  the 
vassals  who  died  at  Roncesvalles.'  We  are  further  in 
formed  by  Gaimar,  that  he  performed  many  marvellous 


feats  of  dexterity :  throwing  his  lance  into  the  air  as  if  it 
were  a  small  stick ;  catching  it  by  the  point  before  he  cast 
it  against  the  enemy ;  and  repeating  the  same  operation 
with  his  sword,  so  that  they  who  beheld  him  considered 
him  as  a  conjuror — 

L'un  dit  a  1'altre  ki  coveit, 
Ee  co  esteit  enchantement, 
Ee  cil  fesait  devant  la  gent, 
Quant,  <fcc. 

Now,  unless  it  could  be  proved  that  the  Normans  adopted 
the  profession  of  minstrelsy  from  the  French,  of  which 
there  is  no  evidence,  it  must  follow  that  they  carried  it 
with  them  from  Denmark;  and  as  Bishop  Percy  has 
shown  that  a  character  nearly  analogous  existed  among 
the  Danes,  as  well  as  the  Anglo-Saxons  the  derivation  of 
the  minstrels  from  the  Scalds  and  Glee-men  of  the  North, 
as  established  in  the  Essay  prefixed  to  the  « Reliques  of 
Ancient  Poetry,'  seems  to  rest  upon  as  fair  historical  testi 
mony  as  can  be  required  in  confirmation  of  such  an  opi 
nion." — Introduction  to  the  Rise  and  Progress  of  Romantic 
Composition,  &c. ;  also  peruse  the  Essay  prefixed  to  Per 
cy's  Reliques. 

About  the  middle  of  the  thirteenth  century,  the  ap 
plication  of  poetry — heretofore  confined  to,  1.  Chroni 
cles,  2.  Romances— to  general  subjects,  manners, 
morals,  descriptive  essays,  &c.,  came  into  use.  The 
reader  must  procure  for  a  view  of  the  essays  of  this 
period,  Mr.  Thomas  Wright's  Political  Songs  and  Spe 
cimens  of  Lyric  Poetry,  composed  in  England  in  the 
reign  of  Edward  I. :  Reliquiae  Antiques,  2  vols.  Lau 
rence  Minot,  in  secular,  and  Richard  Rolle,  in  theolo 
gical  poetry,  are  two  of  the  prominent  names  of  the 
fourteenth  century.  About  1360  was  completed  the 
Vision  of  Piers  Plowman,  the  composition  of  a  secular 
priest  named  Robert  Langlande.  The  poet  sets  forth 
by  allegorical  representations  the  corruptions  prevail 
ing  among  the  ecclesiastics,  and  predicts  a  severe  pu 
nishment  as  the  consequences  of  such  disorder.  We 
have  in  this  singular  allegory  the  characters  of  Mercy, 
Truth,  Conscience,  Pride,  Sir  In-witt,  See-well,  Say- 
well,  Hear-well,  Work-well,  Go-well,  &c.  The  reader 
will  not  be  surprised  that  such  similarity  of  charac 
ters  has  led  some  critics  to  compare  this  ancient 
poem  with  the  Pilgrim's  Progress. 

It  was  about  this  period,  say  1350,  that  the  cha 
racter  styled  Black-Letter,  or  Old  English,  was  first 
used. 

We  have  now  reached  a  most  important  landmark, 
at  which  we  may  properly  conclude  our  synopsis — 
the  name  of  the  Great  Father  of  English  Poetry, 
GEOFFREY  CHAUCER,  born  between  1328  and  1346. 
We  need  hardly  remark  that  the  inscription  on  his 
tomb,  stating  him  to  have  died  in  the  year  1400,  at 
the  age  of  72,  is  not  based  upon  any  known  authority, 
having  been  placed  where  it  is,  about  150  years  after 
his  death.  However,  these  are  matters  which  are 
discussed  in  the  following  pages,  and  therefore  bio 
graphical  details  respecting  individuals,  and  biblio 
graphical  and  critical  information  regarding  their 
works,  will  not  be  expected  here.  We  may  now  ap 
propriately  introduce  from  the  tables  in  the  Compa 
nion  to  the  British  Almanac,  as  improved  in  George 
P.  Putnam's  World's  Progress,  New  York,  1851,  ft 
Chronological  Table  of  some  of  the  principal  British 
Authors  and  their  works,  A.  D.  500-1850. 


22 


INTRODUCTION. 


IMAGINATION. 

FACT. 

SPECULATIVE  AND  SCIENTIFIC. 

A.D. 

500 

A.D. 

500     Gildas,  Conquest  of  Britain. 

A.  B. 

500 

600     Caedmon,  Saxon  Poems. 
Aldhelme,  d.  709,  Latin  Poems. 

600    Nennius,  Origin  of  Britons. 

600 

700 

700    Bede,  673-735,  Eccl.  History  of 
England. 

700    Alcuin,  d.  804,  Theology,  Histo 
ry,  Poetry. 

800    Alfred,  849-901,  Saxon  Poems, 
Translations,  Ac. 

800 

Asser,  d.  909,  Life  of  Alfred,  His 
tory  of  England. 

800    J.  Scott  Erigena,  d.  883,  '  Of  the 
Nature  of  Things.' 

900 

900    JEthelwerd,    History    of    Great 
Britain. 

900 

1000 

1000  Ingulphus,  1030-1109,  History 
of  Croyland. 
Eadmer,  Chronicle. 

1000 

1100 

Layamon,  Saxon  Poetry. 
Nigellus,  Speculum  Stultorum. 
Walter  Mapes,  Satires,  Songs. 
Jos.  of  Exeter,  Trojan  War,  War 
of  Antioch,  Epics. 

1100  Order.  Vitalis,  1075-1132,  His 
tory  of  England. 
Florence  of  Worcester,  d.  1118, 
Chron.  of  England. 
Geoffrey  of  Monmouth,  History 
of  Britain. 
William  of  Malmsbury,  d.  1143, 
History  of  Britain. 
Henry   of   Huntingdon,    Chro 
nicles  of  England. 
Simeon  of  Durham,  Chronicles 
of  England. 
John  of  Salisbury,  d.  1181,  'Life 
of  Becket/  Ac. 

G.  Cambrensis,  Conq.  of  Ireland, 
Itin.  of  Wales. 
Wm.  of  Newbury,  b.  1136,  Chron. 
of  England. 

1100 

Robert  Pulleyn,  d.  1150,  The- 
ology. 

Richard  of  St.  Victor,  d.  1173, 
Theology. 

Ralph   Glanville,   Collection  of 
Laws. 

1200 

Robert  of  Gloucester,  Chronicle 
in  verse. 
T.   Lermont,  the   Rhymer,  Sir 
Tristem,  Romance. 

1200  Roger  Hoveden,  Chron.  of  Eng 
land. 
Gervase  of  Canterbury,  Histo 
ry  of  England. 
Roger  of   Wendover,   Hist  of 
England. 

Mathew  Paris,  d.  1259,  History 
of  England. 
William  Rishanger,  History  of 
England. 

1200 

Alex.  Neckham,  d.  1227,  The 
ology. 

Robert  Grosteste,  Natural  Phi 
losophy. 
Alexander  Hales,  d.  1245,  Aris 
totelian. 
John  Peckham,  Theology. 
John  Holiwood,  d.  1258,  Astron., 
Mathematics. 
Roger  Bacon,   1214-1292,  Che 
mistry,  Optics,  Ac. 
Rich.  Middleton,  Theology. 

1300 

Adam  Davie,  Metr.   Romance, 
Life  of  Alex. 

Lawrence  Minot,  d.  1352,  His 
torical  Poems. 

John  Barbour,  1326-1396,  'The 
Bruce.' 
R.   Langlande,   'Pierce    Plow 
man,'  a  Satire. 
Geoffrey  Chaucer,  1328—1400, 
'Canterbury  Tales/  Ac. 
John   Gower,  d.  1402,  Elegies 
Romances,  Ac. 

1300 

Nicholas  Triveth,  d.  1328,  Hist. 
Physic,  Theology. 
Richard  of  Chichester,  Chron. 
of  England. 
Ralph  Higden,  d.  1360,  Chron. 
of  England. 
Henry  Knighton,  d.  1370,  Chron. 
of  England. 
Matthew  of  Westminster,  '  Flow 
ers  of  History.' 
John  Maundeville,  d.  1372,  Tra 
vels. 
John   Fordun,  Chron.  of  Scot 
land. 

1300  Albricus,  Theology. 
Duns  Scotus,  d.  1308,  Philoso 
phy- 

Walter  Burleigh,  Philosophy. 
Gilb.  Anglicus,  Medicine. 
R.  Aungerville,  1281-1345,  Phi- 
lobiblion. 

J.  Wicliffe,   1324-1384,  Theolo 
gy,  Translation  of  the  Bible. 

H.  de  Bracton,  Law. 

1400 

John      Lydgate,      1380—1440, 
Poems. 

1400  Andrew  of  Wyntoun,  History  of 
Scotland. 

T.  Walsingham,  d.  1440,  Histo 
ry  of  Normandy. 

1400 

INTRODUCTION. 


23 


.IMAGINATION. 


1400  James    I.    of    Scotland,    1395- 
1437,  '  King's  Quhair,'  Ac. 

Harry  the  Minstrel,  '  Sir  W.  Wal 
lace.' 


Stephen  Hawes,  'Passetyme  of 

Pleasure.' 
John  Skelton,  d.  1529,  Satires, 

Odes. 


FACT. 


1400 


John  Hardyng,  Chron.  of  Eng 
land. 

Lord  Berners,  Trans,  of  Frois- 
sart. 

W.  Caxton,  Translations. 

Douglas  of  Glastonbury,  Chron. 
of  England. 


SPECULATIVE  AND  SCIENTIFIC. 


1400 


John   Fortescue,  Laws  of  Eng 
land. 

Thomas  Littleton,  d.  1487,  Law. 


1500  Win.  Dunbar,  1465-1530,  'This 
tle  and  Kose.' 

Gawin  Douglas,  1475-1522, 
Trans.  Virgil. 

Thomas  More,  1480-1535,  '  Uto 
pia.' 

Thomas  Wyatt,  d.  1541,  Son 
nets. 

John  Heywood,  d.  1565,  Drama. 

Earl  of  Surrey,  d.  1546-1547, 
Poems. 

George  Gascoigne,  d.  1577, 
Drama. 


Philip  Sidney,  1554-1586,  '  Ar 
cadia.' 

Christ  Marlowe,  d.  1593,  Drama. 

Edmund  Spenser,  1553-1598, 
'  Faery  Queen/ 

W.  Shakspeare,  1564-1616,  Dra 
ma. 

John  Lylie,  1550-1600,  'Eu- 
phues.' 


John  Fletcher,  1576-1625,  Dra 
ma. 

F.  Beaumont,  1586-1615,  Dra 
ma. 


1500  E.  Fabyan,  d.  1512,  Chron.  of 
England  and  France. 


T.  Hall,  d.  1547,  Hist,  of  Houses 
of  York  and  Lancaster. 

John  Leland,  d.  1552,  English 
Antiquities. 

W.  Cavendish,  1505-1557,  'Life 
of  Wolsey.' 

J.  Bale,  1495-1563,  'Lives  of 
British  Writers.' 

Ralph  Hollingshed,  d.  1581, 
Chronicles. 

George  Buchanan,  1506-1582, 
History  of  Scotland. 

J.  Fox,  1517-1587,  Book  of  Mar 
tyrs. 


N.  Fitzherbert,  1550-1612,  Bio 
graphy. 

John  Stowe,  1527-1605,  Chroni 
cles,  Topography. 

Sir  T.  North,  Translations  of 
Plutarch. 


1500  Thos.  Linacre,  1460-1524,  Phi 
lology,  Medicine. 


Anth.  Fitzherbert,  Husbandry. 


Thomas  Elyot,  Philology. 
Hugh  Latimer,  1475-1555,  Ser 
mons. 


Roger  Ascham,  1515-1568,  'The 
Schoolmaster.' 

Thomas  Wilson,  d.  1581,  Logic 
and  Rhetoric. 

Thomas  Tusser,  d.  1580,  Hus 
bandry. 


J.  Jewel,  1522-1570,  Divinity. 

R.  Hooker,  1553-1600,  Ecclesi 
astical  Polity. 

W.  Gilbert,  1540-1603,  'On  the 
Loadstone.' 

L.Andrews,  1565-1626,  Sermons. 


1600  John  Owen,  d.  1612,  Latin  Epi 
grams. 


J.  Ford,  6.  1586,  Drama. 

Ben  Jonson,  1574-1637,  Dra 
ma. 

P.  Massinger,  1585-1639,  Dra 
ma. 

J.  Harrington,  1561-1612,  Trans. 
Ariosto. 

E.  Fairfax,  d.  1632,  Trans.  Tasso. 

M.  Drayton,  1563-1631,  Poems. 

G.  Sandys,  1577-1643,  Transla 
tions,  Poems. 

S.  Daniel,  1562-1619,  Poems. 

W.  Drummond,  1585-1649,  Po 
ems. 

John  Donne,  1573-1662,  Satires, 


Geo.  Wither,  1588-1657,  Satires. 

James  Shirley,  1594-1666,  Dra 
ma. 

Sir  John  Suckling,  1609-1641, 
Poems. 

John  Denham,  1615-1668,  Tra 
gedies,  Cooper's  Hill. 

Samuel  Butler,  1612-1688,  Hu- 
dibras. 


1600  J.  Pits,  1560-1616,  Biog.  of 
Kings,  Bishops,  <fcc. 

Richard  Knolls,  d.  1610,  History 
of  the  Turks. 

Wm.  Camden,  1551-1623,  Anti 
quities. 

R.  Hakluyt,  1553-1616,  Naval 
Histories. 

W.  Raleigh,  1552-1617,  History 
of  the  World. 

Samuel  Daniel,  1567-1619,  His 
tory  of  England. 

John  Heyward,  d.  1627,  English 
History. 

J.  Speed,  1555-1629,  Hist,  of 
Great  Britain. 

Henry  Spelman,  1562-1641,  An 
tiquities. 

Sir  R.  B.  Cotton,  1570-1631,  An 
tiquities. 

S.  Purchas,  1577-1628,  Collec 
tion  of  Voyages. 

Thomas  Roe,  1580-1641,  Travels 
in  the  East. 

E.  (Lord)  Herbert,  1581-1648, 
History  of  Henry  VIII. 

R.  Baker,  d.  1645,  Chron.  of  Eng 
land. 

Thomas  Fuller,  1608-1661,  His 
tory  and  Biography. 

Clarendon,  1608-1673,  History 
of  Rebellion. 

Thomas  May,  d.  1650,  History 
of  Parliament. 

Izaak  Walton,  1593-1683,  Bio 
graphy. 


1600  Edward  Coke,  1550-1634,  Law. 
John  Napier,  1550-1617,  Loga 
rithms. 


Robert  Burton,  1576-1639,  'Anat. 
of  Melancholy.' 

Francis  Bacon,  1560-1626,  Phi 
losophy,  History. 
Wm.  Harvey,  1578-1657,  Circu 
lation  of  Blood. 


John  Selden,  1584-1654,  Anti 
quities,  Law,  History. 

J.  Harrington,  1611-1677,  'Oce- 
ana.' 

James  Usher,  1580-1656,  Divi 
nity,  Sermons,  History. 

Thomas  Hobbes,  1588-1679,  Me 
taphysics. 

W.  Dugdale,  1605-1686,  Antiqui 
ties,  History. 

W.  Chillingworth,  1602-1644, 
Theology. 

Isaac  Barrow,  1630-1677,  Divi- 
nity,  Mathematics. 

J.  Pearson,  1612-1686,  Divinity. 


24 


INTRODUCTION. 


IMAGINATION. 


FACT. 


SPECULATIVE  AND  SCIENTIFIC. 


160C    John  Milton,  1608-1674,  '  Para 
dise  Lost.' 

Edin.  Waller,  1605-1687,  Poems. 
A.  Cowley,  1618-1667,  Poems. 
A.  Maxwell,  1620-1678,  Poems. 


Kochester,  1648-1680,  Satires. 

Roscommon,  1633-1684,  Poems. 

N.  Lee,  1656-1691,  Drama. 

John  Bunyan,  1628-1688,  '  Pil 
grim's  Progress.' 

John  Dryden,  1631-1701,  Tra 
gedy,  Satire,  'Virgil.' 

Thos.  Otway,  1651-1685,  Tra 
gedy. 


1600  B.  Whitlocke,  1605-1676,  His 
tory. 

Mrs.  Hutchinson,  Biography. 

W.  Prynne,  1660-1667,  History, 
Politics. 


Wm.  Temple,  1629-1710,  His 
tory. 


R.  Brady,  d.  1700,  History  of 
England. 


1600  Brian  Walton,  1600-1661,  Poly 
glot  Bible. 

Jeremy  Taylor,  rf.  1667,  Divinity. 

Alger.  Sydney,  1617-1683,  'Dis 
course  on  Government.' 

Thos.  Browne,  1605-1682,  'On 
Vulgar  Errors.' 

Edmund  Castell,  d.  1685,  Lexicoi 
Heptaglotton. 

E.  Cudworth,  1617-1688,  Meta 
physics. 

J.  Evelyn,  1620-1706,  '  Sylva.' 

H.  More,  1614-1687,  Theology. 

T.  Sydenham,  1624-1689,  Medi 
cine. 

W.  Sherlock,  d.  1689,  Divinity. 

J.  Tillotson,  1630-1694,  Sermons. 

Archbishop  Leighton,  1613-1684, 
Divinity. 

E.  Baxter,  1615-1691,  'Saint's 
Everlasting  Rest.' 

E.  Boyle,  1627-1691,  Theology, 
Chemistry. 


1700  John  Pomfret,  1667-1703,  <  The 
Choice.' 


John  Philips,  1676-1708,  'Splen 
did  Shilling.' 

Thos.  Parnell,  1679-1718,  '  The 
Hermit.' 

Geo.  Farquhar,  1678-1707,  Co 
medies. 


Matt.  Prior,  1664-1721,  Poems. 

E.  Steele,  d.  1729,  Drama,  Es 
says. 

Daniel  Defoe,  1660-1731,  'Eo- 
binson  Crusoe.' 

Jos.  Addison,  1672-1719, '  Spec 
tator,'  '  Cato.' 

Nich.  Eowe,  1673-1718,  Tra 
gedy. 

J.  Vanbrugh,  d.  1726,  Comedy. 

W.  Congreve,  1672-1728,  Co 
medy. 

John  Gay,  1688-1732,  'Beggar's 
Opera,'  Fab. 

Mary  W.  Montague,  1690-1762, 
Letters. 

Eobert  Blair,  1699-1746,  'The 
Grave.' 

S.  Eichardson,  1689-1761,  'Cla 
rissa,'  '  Pamela/  <fec. 

D.  Garrick,  1716-1779,  Drama. 
S.  Foote,  1720-1771,  Drama. 

E.  Dodsley,  1703-1764,  Drama. 
Jona.  Swift,  1667-1745,  Satires, 

Tales,  <fcc. 

I.  Watts,  1674-1748,  Hymns. 
Edw.  Young,  1681-1765,  'Night 

Thoughts.' 

Alex.  Pope,  1688-1744,  Poetry. 
W.  Soinerville,  1692-1743,  '  The 

Chase/ 
Allan  Eamsay,  1696-1758,  'The 

Gentle  Shepherd.' 
Eichard    Savage,      1698-1743, 

Poems. 

Jas.  Thomson,  1700-1748, '  Sea 
sons.' 

John  Dyer,  1700-1758,  Poems. 
H.  Fielding,  1707-1754,  'Tom 

Jones,'  <fcc. 
James    Hammond,    1716-1742, 

Elegies. 


1700  Thos.  Eymer,  d.  1713,  Fcsdera. 


1700 


S.  Ockley,  1678-1720,  Oriental 
History. 

Thos.  Hearne,  1678-1735,  His 
tory  and  Antiquities. 

John  Strype,  1643-1737,  History 
and  Antiquities. 

Gilbert Burnet,  1643-1715,  'His 
tory  of  his  Times.' 

L.  Echard,  1671-1730,  History 
of  England. 

Thos.  Carte,  1686-1754,  History 
of  England. 

John  Potter,  1674-1747,  Anti 
quities. 

Sir  W.  Petty,  1623-1682,  Statis 
tics. 


Nathanael  Hooke,  d.  1763,  His 
tory  of  Rome. 

C.  Middleton,  1683-1750,  Life 
of  Cicero,  Ac. 


John  Swinton,  1703-1767,  His 
tory,  Antiquity. 


Lord  Lyttelton,  1709-1778,  His 
tory,  Poems,  Divinity. 

James  Granger,  d.  1776,  Biog. 
Hist,  of  England. 


John  Ray,  1628-1705,  Botany, 
Natural  History. 

John  Locke,  1632-1704,  Meta 
physics. 

R.  South,  1633-1716,   Divinity. 


Isaac  Newton,  1642-1719,  '  Prin- 
cipia.' 

J.  Flamsteed,  1642-1719,  Astro 
nomy. 

R.  Hooke,  1655-1702,  Philoso 
phy- 

B.  de  Mandeville,  1670-1733, 
'  Fab.  of  the  Bees.' 

Edm.  Halley,  1656-1742,  Astro 
nomy. 

Hans  Sloane,  1660-1753,  Natural 
History. 


S.  Clarke,  1675-1729,  Divinity, 
Philosophy. 

D.  Waterland,  1683-1740,  Di 
vinity. 

R.  Bentley,  1661-1740,  Divinity, 
Philology. 

A.  Baxter,  1687-1750,  Metaphy 
sics. 

Lord  Bolingbroke,  1672-1751; 
Politics,  Literature. 

G.  Berkeley,  1684-1753,  Meta 
physics,  Ethics. 

P.  Doddridge,  1701-1751,  Di 
vinity. 

Jas.  Bradley,  1692-1762,  Astro 
nomy. 

F.  Hutcheson,  1694-1747,  Moral 
Philosophy. 

T.  Sherlock,  1678-1761,  Divini- 

C.  Maclaurin,  1696-1746,  Mathe 
matics. 

Earl  of  Chesterfield,  1694-1773, 
Letters. 

Eph.  Chambers,  d.  1740,  Cyclo 
paedia. 

B.  Hoadley,    1676-1761,    Pole 
mics. 

Bishop   Butler,    1692-1752,   Di 
vinity. 
J.  Wesley,  1703-1791,  Divinity. 

D.  Hartley,  1704-1757,  '  Obser 
vations  on  Man.' 

Soame  Jenyns,  1704-1787,  The 
ology. 

W.  Warburton,  1709-1779,  The 
ology,  Criticism. 


INTRODUCTION. 


25 


IMAGINATION. 


1700    Laur.  Sterne,  1713-1768,  '  Tris 
tram  Shandy.' 

W.  Shenstone,  1714-1763,  Pas 
torals,  Ac. 

W.  Collins,  1720-1756,  Odes. 

H.  Brooke,  1706-1783,  Tool  of 
Quality.' 

M.  Akenside,  1721-1770,  '  Plea 
sures  of  Imagination.' 

Thos.   Gray,   1716-1771,   Odes, 
Elegies. 

T.  Smollett,  1720-1771,  Novels. 

R.  Glover,   1712-1789,  'Leoni- 
das.' 

0.  Goldsmith,  1731-1774,  'Tra 
veller,'  ' Vicar  of  Wakefield.' 

W.  Mason,  1725-1797,  Poems, 
Biography. 

Thomas  Chatterton,  1752-1770, 
Poems. 

Ar.  Murphy,  1727-1805,  Drama. 

Wm.  Cowper,  1731-1800,  Poems. 

R.  Cumberland,  1732-1811,  Dra 
ma. 

Eras.  Darwin,    1732-1802,  'Bo 
tanic  Garden.' 

Jas.  Beattie,  1735-1803,  Poems. 

R.  Ferguson,  1750-1774,  Poems. 

Geo.  Colrnan,  1733-1794,  Come 
dies. 

J.  Wolcot,  (Peter  Pindar,)  1738- 
1819,  Com.  Poems. 

James  Macpherson,  1738-1796, 
'  Ossian's  Poems.' 

Eobert  Burns,  1759-1796,  Poems. 

J.  Home,  d.  1808,  Drama. 


Rich.  B.  Sheridan,  1751-1816, 
Drama. 

Ann  Radclifife,  1764-1823,  No 
vels. 


FACT. 


1700 


Sam.  Johnson,  1709-1784,  Lives 
of  Poets,  Diet,  Ac. 

Jonas  Hanway,  1712-1786,  Tra 
vels  in  the  East. 

John  Blair,  d.  1782,  Chronology. 

David  Hume,  1711-1776,  Histo 
ry  of  England,  Essays,  Ac. 

W.  Robertson,  1721-1793,  Hist, 
of  Charles  V.,  Ac. 

Thos.  Warton,  1728-1790,  Histo 
ry  of  England,  Poetry,  Poems. 


H.  Walpole,  d.  1797,  'Historic 
Doubts/  '  Royal  and  Noble 
Authors.' 

J.  Moore,  1730-1802,  'Views  of 
Society  and  Manners.' 

James  Bruce,  1730-1794,  Tra 
vels. 

W.  Gilpin,  1724-1804,  Biogra 
phy,  Divinity,  Ac. 

E.  Gibbon,  1737-1794,  Decline 
and  Fall  of  Roman  Empire. 

J.  Whitaker,  1735-1808,  Hist,  of 
Manchester,  Ac. 

Edm.  Burke,  1730-1797,  Ora 
tory. 

J.  Boswell,  1740-1795,  Biogra 
phy. 

J.  Milner,  1744-1797,  Church 
History. 

Joseph  Strutt,  1748-1802,  Chro 
nology,  Antiquities. 


Charles  Burney,  d.  1841,  'His 
tory  of  Music.' 


SPECULATIVE  AND  SCIENTIFIC. 


1700  J.  Jortin,  1698-1770,  Divinity, 
Criticism. 

Lord  Kames,  1696-1782,  Ele 
ments  of  Criticism. 

R.  Lowth,  1710-1787,  Divinity, 
Philology. 

W.  Blackstone,  1723-1780,  Laws 
of  England. 


Adam  Smith,  1723-1790,  'Wealth 
of  Nations.' 

J.  Harris,  1709-1780,  Philology. 

John  Hunter,  1728-1793,  Medi 
cine. 

F.  Balguy,  1716-1795,  Divinity. 


T.  Reid,  1710-1796,  Metaphysics. 

Sir  J.  Reynolds,  1723-1792,  Art 

S.  Horsley,  d.  1806,  Theology." 

Jos.  Priestley,  1733-1804,  Meta 
physics,  Chemistry. 

Hugh  Blair,  1719-1800,  Sermons. 

J.  Home  Tooke,  1736-1812,  Phi 
lology. 

Wm.  Jones,  1747-1794,  Orien 
talist. 

R.  Price,  1723-1791,  Metaphy 
sics,  Divinity. 

Wm.  Paley,  1743-1805,  Philo 
logy. 

Richard  Person,  1759-1808,  Phi 
lology. 

Thos.  Beddoes,  1760-1808,  Medi 
cine. 

N.  Maskelyne,  d.  1811,  Astro 
nomy. 

G.  L.  Staunton,  d.  1801,  Chinese 
Code. 

W.  Herschel,  1738-1822,  Astro 
nomy. 


1800  Robert  Bloomfield,  d.  1823, '  Far 
mer's  Boy.' 
Mrs.  Barbauld,  Poems,  Tales. 


Lord  Byron,  1788-1824,  Poems. 

John  Keats,  Poems. 

P.  B.  Shelley,  d.  1822,  Poems. 

R.  C.  Maturin,  d.  1824,  Drama. 

Miss  Austin,  Novels. 

Wm.  Goodwin,  1755-1836,  No 
vels,  Metaphysics. 

Walter  Scott,  1771-1832,  Novels, 
Poems. 


R.  Pollok,  1798-1827,  'Course 
of  Time.' 

Geo.  Crabbe,  d.  1832,  '  The  Bo 
rough,'  Ac. 

Fanny  Burney,  1752-1840,  No 
vels. 

Wm.  Beckford,  1760-1844,  No 
vels. 

Thos.  Haynes  Bayly,  1797-1839, 
Lyrics. 

Thomas  Hamilton,  1789-1842, 
Novels,  Travels. 

Felicia  Hemans,  1794-1835, 
Poems. 

Barbara  Hofland,  Novels. 

Jas.  Hogg,  1782-1835,  Poems 
and  Tales. 

Theo.  E.  Hook,  1788-1841,  No 
vels. 


1800  J.  Macdiarmid,  1779-1808,  Bio 
graphy. 


E.  D.  Clarke,  d.  1822,  Travels. 
C.  J.  Fox,  d.  1796,  History. 


W.  Mitford,  History  of  Greece. 


R.  Heber,  Travels,  Ac. 

Major  Rennel,  Geography. 

Wm.  Roscoe,  1751-1831,  Life  of 
Leo  X.,  Ac. 

Walter  Scott,  1771-1832,  Histo 
ry,  Biography. 


Sir  Jas.  Mackintosh,  1766-1832, 
Hist,  of  England. 

Geo.  Chalmers,  1742-1825,  Po 
litical  Annals. 

Marsden,  1755-1836,  Oriental 
Hist,  and  Travels. 

James  Mill,  1773-1836,  History 
of  British  India. 

Robert  Morrison,  1782-1834, 
Travels,  Philology. 


1800  Arthur  Young,  1741-1820,  Agri 
culture. 

A.  Rees,  1743-1825,  Cyclopaedia. 

Joseph  Banks,  1743-1820,  Natu 
ral  History. 

Dr.  Parr,  rf.1825,  Philology. 

D.  Ricardo,  d.  1823,  Political  Eco 
nomy. 

C.  Hutton,  d.  1823,  Mathematics. 
J.  Playfair,dl819,  Mathematics. 
P.  Elmsley,  Philology. 

T.  Wollaston,  Chemistry. 

Thos.  Young,  Hieroglyphics,  Ac. 

T.  Scott,  d.  1821,  Divinity. 

D.  Stewart,  d.  1821,  Metaphysics. 
Vicesimus  Knox,  1752-1821,  Es 
says. 

Malthus,  Political  Economy. 

Wm.  Hazlitt,  Critic  and  Essayist. 

Francis  Jeffrey,  1773-1849,  Es 
says,  Criticism. 

Archbishop  Magee,  d.  1831,  Di 
vinity. 

Sir  Humph.  Davy,  d.  1829,  Che 
mistry. 

Jer.  Bentham,  d.  1832,  'Princi- 
ciples  of  Legislation.' 

Adam  Clarke,  1763-1832,  Divi 
nity,  Criticism. 

Arch.  Alison,  1757-1839,  Essays 
on  Taste. 

Francis  Baily,  1774-1844,  As 
tronomy,  Ac. 

Bishop  Burgess,  1756-1837,  The 
ology. 

Herbert  Marsh,  1758-1839,  The 
ology. 

Thos.  Mitchell,  1783-1845,  Clas 
sic.  Critic. 


26 


INTRODUCTION. 


IMAGINATION. 


FACT. 


SPECULATIVE  AND  SCIENTIFIC. 


1800    Thos.  Hood,  Poems,  Novels,  <fcc. 

Hannah  More,  1744-1833,  Po 
ems,  Tales. 

Jane  Porter,  1776-1850,  Novels. 

Wm.  Wordsworth,  1770-1850, 
Poems. 

Kobert  Southey,  1774-1843, 
Poems. 

Lady  Blessington,  1789-1849, 
Novels. 


Charles  Lamb,  1775-1834,  Po 
ems,  Essays. 

S.  T.  Coleridge,  1773-1834, 
Ethics,  Poems. 

L.  E.  Landon  Maclean,  1804- 
1838,  Novels  and  Poems. 

Thos.  H.  Lister,  1801-1842,  No 
vels,  Ac. 

William  Maginn,  1793-1842, 
Tales  and  Poems. 

Marryat,  1792-1847,  Novels. 

John  Gait,  1779-1839,  Novels. 

Wm.  H.  Ireland,  Shaks.  Forge 
ries. 

Lady  Morgan,  b.  1783,  Novels. 

Jas.  Morier,  b.  1780,  Novels. 

Thomas  Campbell,  1777-1844, 
Poems. 

John  Banim,  1800-1842,  Novels. 

Hen.  F.  Gary,  1772-1844,  Trans. 
Dante,  &c. 


1800  Jas.  Grahame,  History  of  United 

States. 
John  Gillies,  1747-1836,  History 

of  Greece. 
Basil  Hall,  1788-1844,  Travels 

and  Voyages. 
Wm.  Hone,   1779-1842,   Every 

Day  Book. 
R.  &  J.  Landor,  1834,  Travels  in 

Africa. 


Southey,  1774-1843,  Biography. 

Wm.  Beckford,  1769-1844,  Tra 
vels. 

Arch.  Alison,  History  of  Europe. 

Thos.  Arnold,  1795-1842,  His 
tory  of  Rome. 

Thos.  D.  Fosbrooke,  1770-1842, 
Archaeology. 

Thos.  McCrie,  1772-1835,  Life 
of  Knox. 

Sir  John  Malcolm,  History  of 
Persia  and  India. 

I.  D'Israeli,  1766-1848,  Curiosi 
ties  of  Literature. 


1800  Robert  Mudie,  1777-1842,  Scien 
tific  Miscellanies. 

Sir  E.  Brydges,  1762-1837,  Mis 
cellanies. 

Wm.  Cobbett,  1762-1835,  Poli 
tics,  Ac. 

J.  Dalton,  1766-1844,  Chemistry. 

J.  F.  Daniel,  1790-1845,  Chem. 

Sydney  Smith,  1777-1845,  Theo 
logy,  Essays,  <fec. 

John  Bonnycastle,  d.  1821,  Ma 
thematics. 

Thomas  Chalmers,  Theology  and 
Political  Economy. 

John  Leslie,  1832,  Mathemati 
cian. 

J.  C.  Loudon,  1783-1843,  Botany, 
Agriculture,  Architecture. 

John  Bell,  1763-1825,  Anatomy 
and  Physiology. 

Olinthus  Gregory,  1774-1841, 
Mathematics  and  Religion. 

Robert  Hall,  1764-1831,  Ser 
mons. 

Sir  Chas.  Bell,  1781-1824,  Anato 
my  and  Physiology. 


The  following  may  be  named  as  among  the  best 
manuals  in  the  department  of  History,  Divinity,  Mo 
ral  and  Political  Philosophy,  Voyages,  and  Travels. 

I.  The  History  of  England.  Our  favourite  history 
is  the  "Pictorial,"  published  by  Messrs.  Charles 
Knight  &  Co., -11  vols.,  with  Index  vol.,  imp.  8vo., 
1849-50  ;  from  B.  C.  55  to  A.  D.  1846. 

We  have  given  our  opinion  as  to  the  merits  of  this 
compilation,  when  treating  of  the  works  of  J.  Petit 
Andrews,  (q.  v.) 

As  regards  earlier  histories,  Hall's  History  of  the 
Houses  of  York  and  Lancaster,  Leland's  English  An 
tiquities,  Cavendish's  Life  of  Wolsey,  Hollingshed's 
Chronicles,  Buchanan's  History  of  Scotland,  Stowe's 
Chronicles,  Camden's  Britannia  and  Reign  of  Eliza 
beth  and  James  L,  Daniel's  History  of  England, 
Speed's  History  of  Great  Britain,  Hayward's  English 
History,  Spelman's  Antiquities,  Lord  Bacon's  Henry 
VII.,  Lord  Herbert's  Life  of  Henry  VIII.,  Fuller's 
Church  History  and  Worthies  of  England,  and  Ba 
ker's  Chronicles  afford  sufficient  materials  to  the  most 
enthusiastic  lover  of  historic  lore. 

For  the  occurrences  of  the  memorable  days  of 
the  Commonwealth,  we  have  Harris's  Charles  I.  and 
Cromwell,  Neal's  History  of  the  Puritans,  Claren 
don's  History  of  the  Rebellion,  May's  History  of 
Parliament,  and  the  works  of  Whitlocke,  Hutchinson, 
Prynne,  Holies,  Ludlow,  &c.  If  we  wish  to  see  how 
those  subjects  have  been  treated  by  modern  writers, 
we  have  Hume  and  Catherine  Macaulay  as  the  apolo 
gists  of  the  Stuarts  and  of  the  Republicans,  respect 
ively,  and  the  works  of  Godwin,  Foster,  and  Carlyle. 
The  following  historical  works  should  be  carefully 
read:  Burnet's  Own  Times,  Hearne's  History  and 
Antiquities,  Strype's  Ecclesiastical  'History,  Echard's 
History  of  England,  the  mine  of  curious  erudition  in 
Carte's  History  of  England,  and  the  Life  of  the  Duke 


of  Ormonde, — Granger's  Biographical  History  of 
England,  Keightley's  History  of  England,  Sir  James 
Mackintosh's  History  of  the  Revolution  of  1688, 
Hallam's  Constitutional  History,  Miller's  George  III., 
Croly's  George  IV.,  Mr.  Macaulay's  Commencement 
of  the  History  of  England  from  the  Accession  of  James 
II.,  and  Smyth's  Lectures  on  Modern  History. 

For  a  knowledge  of  the  History  of  America,  the 
reader  should  consult  Robertson's  America,  Botta's 
Revolution,  Irving's  History  of  Columbus  and  his  Fol 
lowers,  Prescott's  Conquest  of  Mexico,  and  Conquest  of 
Peru,  Burke's  European  Settlements  in  N.  America, 
and  his  Speeches  on  America,  Grahame's,  Hildreth's, 
and  Bancroft's  History  of  the  United  States,  Sparks's 
Life  and  Writings  of  Washington,  Franklin,  and  Mor 
ris,  Sparks's  American  Biography,  first  and  second 
series,  Ramsay's  Life  of  Washington,  American  Revo 
lution,  Marshall's  Life  of  Washington,  Washington 
Irving's  ditto,  Holmes's  Annals  of  America,  Flint's 
History  of  Mississippi  Valley,  Theodore  Irving's  Con 
quests  of  Florida,  and  the  works  of  John  Adams, 
Hamilton,  John  Jay,  John  Q.  Adams,  Jefferson,  Cal- 
houn,  Benton,  Webster,  Colton's  Life  of  Clay,  the  pa 
pers  in  the  Federalist,  Davis's  Life  of  Burr,  &c.  The 
works  of  Catlin  and  McKenney,  Hall  and  Schoolcraft, 
on  the  North  American  Indians,  should  not  be  neglected. 

The  History  of  British  India  will  be  found  in  the 
works  of  Orme,  Cambridge,  Mills,  Martin,  Malcolm's 
Life  of  Clive,  Gleig's  Memoirs  of  Hastings,  the  trial 
of  Warren  Hastings  in  the  works  of  Burke,  &c. 

II.  Among  Commentators  upon  the  Holy  Scriptures, 
may  be  mentioned  Doddridge,  Patrick,  Lowth,  Whit- 
by,  Macknight,  D'Oyly,  Mant,  Henry,  Gill,  Scott, 
Clarke,  Burkitt,  Robinson,  Home,  Barnes,  Addison, 
Alexander,  Turner,  Bush,  and  the  valuable  manuals 
of  Biblical  Bibliography  of  Home,  Orme,  Williams, 
and  Bickersteth.  The  English  language  is  exceed- 


INTRODUCTION. 


27 


ingly  rich  in  sterling  divinity.  Of  these  it  may  be 
sufficient  to  mention  Taylor,  Hooker,  Chillingworth, 
Mede,  Barrow,  Pearson,  Usher,  Hall,  Penn,  Barclay, 
Tillotson,  Stillingfleet,  Bull,  Waterland,  Clarke,  Sher 
lock,  Warburton,  Seeker,  Jortin,  Lowtb,  Leslie,  Owen, 
Hammond,  Leland,  Lardner,  Doddridge,  Watts,  Lati- 
mer,  Edgeworth,  Seed,  South,  Sherlock,  Porteus, 
Horsley,  Paley,  Edwards,  Dwight,  Gisborne,  Robert 
Hall,  Forster,  Chalmers,  and  Jay. 

III.  Among  Manuals  of  Devotion,  will  be  found  the 
Holy  Living  and  Dying  of  Jeremy  Taylor,  Private 
Thoughts  of  Bishop  Beveridge,  Reflections  on  the 
Holy  Spirit  by  Allix,  Scott's  Christian  Life,  Nelson's 
Fasts   and   Festivals,  the  Whole  Duty  of  Man,  the 
Ladies'  Calling,  and  the  Companions  to  the  Prayer 
Book  by  Cumber,  Wheatley,  and  Sparrow.     Jenks, 
Bean,  Cotteril,  Blomfield,  Hicks,  Downington,  Jay, 
and  others,  also  published  works  upon  this  most  im 
portant  branch  of  literature. 

IV.  In  Voyages  and  Travels,  the  voluminous  collec 
tions  of  Pinkerton,  Hakluyt,  Kerr,  and  Porter,  and 
the  narratives  of  Humboldt,  Warburton,  Hall,  Lyell, 
Beckford,  Hobhouse,  Valentia,  Barrow,  Murray,  Gar 
diner,  Davis,  Gutzlaff,  Langdon,  Russell,  Kohl,  Laing, 
Howitt,  Heber,  Head,  Combe,  Buckingham,  Marti- 
neau,    Frazer,   Gray,    Egerton,    Fellowes,    Rennell, 
Layard,    Kinnear,    Long,   Burnes,   Buck,   Robinson, 
Cramer,  Lindsay,  Wilson,  Wordsworth,  Eustace,  Ste 
phens,  Bayard  Taylor,  Fremont,  Wilkes,  Kane,  Lynch, 
and  others,  will  serve  to  profitably  beguile  many  a 
long  winter  evening.     See  Pycroft's  Course  of  Eng 
lish  Reading,  and  Dibdin's  Library  Companion. 

V.  In  Moral  Philosophy,  Paley  has  been  highly  com 
mended  ;  but  his  theory  of  expediency  is  radically  un 
sound.     Dymond's  Elements  of  Christian  Morality  we 
consider  the  best  work  of  the  kind  in  the  language. 
Chalmers's  Bridgewater  Treatise,  Mackintosh's  Dis 
sertation  on  the  Study  of  Ethical  Philosophy,  Beat- 
tie's  Principles  of  Moral  Science,  Abercrombie's  Phi 


losophy  of  the  Moral  Feelings,  Butler's  Works,  Foster's 
Essays  on  Decision  of  Character,  Mason  on  Self- 
Knowledge,  and  the  works  of  Whewell  and  Moore, 
should  be  carefully  studied. 

VI.  In  Political  Economy,  the  works  of  Adam  Smith, 
Bentham,  Mill,  Ricardo,  Malthus,  McCulloch,  Marti- 
neau,  Carey,  Bishop  Potter  of  Penn.,  E.  Peshine  Smith, 
Newman,  Brougham,  Alison,  Jones,  Whately,  &c., 
will  give  the  reader  an  insight  into  this  vastly  impor 
tant,  though  till  lately  much  misunderstood,  subject. 
The  Histories  of  Banking,  by  Hardcastle,  Gilbart, 
Lawson,  Bell,  Gallatin,  Gouge,  &c.,  are  useful  works, 
See  a  list  of  choice  works  in  Biography,  Bibliography, 
and  Belles-Lettres,  in  the  Preface  to  this  volume,  and 
see  Index. 

We  have  now  pursued  the  subject  to  a  sufficient 
extent  for  this  part  of  our  work.  The  reader  will 
see,  by  a  reference  to  the  Index  of  Subjects,  that  we 
have  mentioned  but  a  very  few  of  the  books  noticed 
in  our  Dictionary. 

We  have,  however,  thought  it  well,  in  the  preced 
ing  pages,  to  group  together  under  their  appropriate 
divisions,  a  number  of  works,  many  of  which  (in  the 
Historical  department,  for  instance,)  are  not  well 
known  to  the  ordinary  reader.  Full  justice  has  been 
done  to  the  extent  of  our  ability  to  these,  and  the 
other  departments  of  literature,  in  the  succeeding 
pages  of  this  volume.  The  author  is  not  willing  to 
doubt  that  the  anxious  labour  of  years  which  he  has 
zealously  bestowed  upon  this  work,  upon  which  the 
rising  and  the  setting  sun  have  so  often  found  him 
employed,  will  be  abundantly  rewarded  by  its  fruits. 
If  he  shall  induce  any  to  discover,  in  Literature,  a 
solace  in  sorrow,  a  companion  in  solitude,  a  safeguard 
to  morality,  an  incentive  to  virtue,  and  a  guide  to  the 
immortal  spirit  in  its  aspirations  after  the  good,  the 
true,  and  the  holy,  he  has  served  his  generation  and 
so  far  answered  the  ends  of  his  being. 


As  we  have  frequently  occasion  to  refer  to  the  reigns  of  different  English  sovereigns  without  specifying 
dates, — temp.  Edward  II.,  temp.  Henry  II.,  &c., — the  following  table  of  the  Kings  and  Queens  of  England 
(from  Pulleyn's  Etymological  Compendium)  will  prove  of  great  service  to  the  reader. 


Trni. 

Acces. 

Died. 

Ago. 

Length 
B*p. 

TlTLX. 

Acces. 

1485 
1509 
1547 

1553 
1558 

1603 
1625 

1660 
1685 

H 

1702 

1714 
1727 
1760 
1820 
1830 

1837  TT 

Died. 

1509 
1547 
1553 

1558 
1603 

1625 
1649 

1685 
1702 
1702 

1694 
1714 

1727 
1760 
1820 
1830 
1837 

iom  Gc 

A,-,.. 

Length 
&*£. 

WiUiam.  I..... 
William  II.... 
Henry  I.  

Stephen  

Henry  II.  

Richard  I..... 
John  
Henry  III..... 
Edward  I..... 
Edward  II.... 
Edward  III... 
SichardlL... 

Henry  IV...., 

Henry  V.  
Henry  VI..... 

Edtozrd  IV... 

Edward  V..... 
Richard  III... 

THE  HOUSK  OP  NORMANDY. 
Obtained  the  Crown  by  Conquest. 
4th  son  of  Will.  I     

1066 
1087 
1100 

1135 

1154 

1199 
1216 
1272 
1307 
132T 

1377 

1399 
1413 
1422 

1461 
1483 
1483 

1087 
1100 
1135 

1154 

1189 
1199 
1216 
1272 
1307 
1327 
1377 

1400 

1413 
1422 
1471 

1483 
1483 
1485 

60 

43 
68 

49 

56 
41 
49 
60 
67 
48 
65 

33 

46 
84 

4'J 

42 
11 

4-2 

21 
13 
35 

19 

35 
10 
17 
56 
35 
20 
50 

22 

14 
9 
39 

22 
0 

2 

Henry  VII.... 

Henry  VIII... 
Edward  VI... 
Afary  

THE  HOUSE  OP  TUDOR. 
His  father  was  Edmund,  eldest  son 
of  Oweu  Tudor  and  Queen  Cathe 
rine,  widow  of  Hen.  V.  ;  and  his 
mother  was  Margaret  Beaufort, 
great-grand-daughter  of  John  of 

52 
55 
16 

42 
69 

58 
48 

54 
07 
51 

83 
At 

C7 
77 
82 
68 

72 

dFr( 

24 
38 
6 

5 
45 

22 
24 

25 
3 
13 

6 
12 

13 

33 
60 
10 

7 

terve. 

THE  HOUSE  op  BLOIS. 
3d  son  of  Stephen,  Earl  of  Blois, 
by  Adela,  4th  daughter  of  Will.  I. 

THB  HOUSE  OP  PLANTAGENET. 
Son  of  Geoffrey  Plantagenet,  by 
Matilda,  only  daughter  of  Hen.  I. 
Eldest  surviving  son  of  Hen.  II... 
6th  and  youngest  son  of  Hen.  II... 
Eldest  son  of  John  
Eldest  son  of  Hen.  Ill  
Eldest  surviving  son  of  Ed.  I  
Eldest  son  of  Ed  II. 

Only  surviving  son  of  Hen.  II  
Son  of  Hen.  VIII.  by  Jane  Seymour 
Daughter  of  Hen.  VIII.  by  Cath.  of 

Elizabeth  
James  I,  

Charles  I..... 
Interregnum.  . 
Charles  II.... 
James  II.  
WiUiam  III  .  . 

Mary  

Daughter  of  Hen.  VIII.  by  Anne 
Boleyn 

THE  HOUSE  OP  STUAET. 
Son  of  Mary  Queen  of  Scots,  grand 
daughter  of  James  IV.  and  Mar 
garet,  eldest  daughter  of  Hen. 
VII. 

Only  surviving  son  of  James  I.  ... 

Eldest  son  of  Charles  I  
Only  surviving  son  of  Charles  I  .  . 
Son  of  Will,  of  Nassau,  by  Mary  ) 
daughter  of  Charles  I  > 
Eldest  daughter  of  James  II  ) 
Daughter  of  James  II  
THB  HOUSE  OF  HANOVUH. 
Eldest  son  of  the  Duke  of  Hanover, 
by  Sophia,  daughter  of  Fred.  V., 
King  of  Bohemia,  and  Elizabeth, 

Son  of  the  Black  Prince,  eld.  son 
of  Ed.  in  

THE  HOUSK  OP  LANCASTER. 

Son  of  John  of  Gaunt,  4th  son  of 
Ed  in                           

George  I.  

George  II.  
George  III.... 
George  IV.... 
WiUiam  IV... 
Victoria  

THE  HOUSE  OP  YORK. 
His  grandfather,  Richard,  was  son 
of  Edmund,  5th  son  of  Ed.  III.  ; 
and  his  grandmother,  Anne,  was 
great-grand-daughter  of  Lionel, 
3d  son  of  Ed.  Ill  

Grandson  of  George  II  

Eldest  son  of  George  III..'  ••-.... 
3d  son  of  George  III  
Daughter  of  Edward,  Duke  of  Kent, 
4th  son  of  George  III  

Eldest  son  of  Ed.  IV  
Younger  brother  of  Ed.  IV  

DICTIONARY 


aito    merican 


ABB 

Abbot,  Abiel,  D.D.,  1770-1828,  a  native  of  Andover, 
Mass.,  graduated  at  Harvard  College  in  1787,  accepted  a 
pastoral  charge  at  Haverhill  about  1794,  at  Beverly  about 
1802.  He  was  the  author  of,  1.  Letters  from  Cuba,  Bos 
ton,  1829.  2.  Artillery  Election  Sermon,  1802.  3.  Ser 
mons  to  Mariners,  1812.  4.  Address  on  Intemperance, 

1815.  5.  Sermon  before  the  Salem  Missionary  Society, 

1816.  6.  Sermon  before  the  Bible  Society  of  Salem,  1817. 
7.  Convention  Sermon,  1827. 

"  Dr.  Abbot  was  very  courteous  and  interesting  in  social  inter 
course,  and  was  eloquent  in  preaching." 

See  Allen's  Amer.  Biog.  Diet. ;  Flint's  Serm. ;  Sketch  in 
a  Letter  from  Cuba. 

Abbot,  Charles,  D.D.,  F.L.S.,  Vicar  of  Oakley 
Raynes,  Bedfordshire;  author  of,  1.  Flora  Bedfordiensis, 
1798.  2.  A  Monody  on  the  Death  of  Lord  Nelson,  1805. 

3.  Sermon  on  the  Death  of  Horatio,  Lord  Nelson,  1806. 

4.  Parochial  Divinity,  or  Sermons  on  Various  Subjects, 
1807. 

Abbot,  Charles,  Lord  Colchester,  1757-1829,  was  the 
son  of  the  Rev.  John  Abbot,  D.D.,  Rector  of  All-Saints, 
Colchester;  educated  at  Westminster  School,  and  Oxford. 
In  1795,  he  became  M.P.  for  Halston,  and  Speaker  of  the 
House,  Feb.  10,  1802.  In  1813,  he  defeated  the  Roman 
Catholic  Bill  in  committee.  For  fifteen  years  he  held  the 
office  of  Speaker  H.C.,  and  on  his  retirement  was  created 
Baron  Colchester.  He  was  the  author  of  an  essay  On  the 
Use  and  Abuse  of  Satire,  Oxf.,  1786.  Speech  in  the  Com 
mittee  of  the  House  of  Commons  on  the  Catholic  Question, 
1818. 

Abbot,  Charles,  Lord  Tenterden,  1762-1832,  one  of 
the  Judges  in  the  Court  of  King's  Bench.  Having  been 
so  long  accustomed  to  the  Bench,  his  lordship  exhibited 
in  his  last  moments  a  striking  instance  of  the  tenacity  of 
the  "ruling  passion."  The  members  of  his  family  were 
gathered  around  him,  to  discharge  the  last  sad  offices  of 
kindness,  when  he  was  observed  to  move  his  hand  along 
the  pillow,  as  if  in  the  act  of  writing,  and  directly  after 
wards,  he  was  heard  to  exclaim,  almost  in  his  official  tone, 
"^Gentlemen  of  the  jury,  you  may  retire ;"  he  then  closed 
his  eyes,  and  expired.  Author  of,  1.  Rules  and  Orders  on 
the  Plea  Side  of  the  Court  of  King's  Bench,  &c.,  1795. 
2.  Jurisprudence  and  Practice  of  the  Court  of  Great  Ses 
sions  of  Wales  on  the  Chester  Circuit,  London,  1795,  9 
vols.  3.  Treatise  on  the  Law  relating  to  Merchant  Ships 
and  Seamen,  in  four  parts,  1802.  The  seventh  edition  of 
this  work,  edited  by  Wm.  Shoe,  was  published  London, 
1844 ;  Boston,  1846 ;  eighth  Lond.  edition,  1847,  royal  8vo. 

"This  book  is  a  legal  classic  of  high  character,  and  is  frequently 
cited  upon  questions  of  Commercial  Law  not  altered  by  statute. 
It  is  equally  distinguished  for  practical  good-sense,  and  for  exten 
sive  and  accurate  learning,  remarkably  compressed,  and  appropri 
ately  applied.  Chancellor  Kent  made  it  the  basis  of  the  forty- 
seventh  lecture  of  his  Commentaries  upon  American  Law.  There 
have  been  five  American  editions  of  the  work ;  but  those  of  1810 
and  1829,  enriched  with  notes  and  references  to  American  cases 
by  Mr.  Justice  Story,  are  the  most  valuable,  except  the  late  edition. 
In  the  fourth  American  edition,  (1829,)  now  out  of  print,  the 
learned  annotator  recast  the  notes  and  added  many  new  ones.  A 
new  American  edition  has  just  been  published,  (1846,)  containing 
the  notes  of  Story  and  Shee,  together  with  notes  of  American  deci 
sions,  by  J.  C.  Perkins,  Esq.  This  edition  is  the  most  desirable 
one  for  the  American  lawyer.  Abbot's  was  the  first  English  trea 
tise  devoted  exclusively  to  the  law  of  shipping.  In  1819,  the 
work  was  translated  into  Portuguese.  The  late  English  edition 
by  Shee  is  well  spoken  of,  13  Ves.  599 ;  3  Kent's  Com.  250 ;  9  Legal 
Observer,  276;  1  Angell's  Law  Intelligencer,  73:  1  A.  J  321-4 
Jurist,  642."— Marvin's  Legal  Bibliography. 


ABB 

Sixth  American  edition,  with  additional  annotations  by 
J.  C.  Perkins,  Boston,  1850 ;  seventh  edition,  royal  8vo. 

"  This  is  truly  a  magnificent  volume,  of  more  than  a  thousand 
pages,  containing  the  treatise  of  Lord  Tenterden,  or  Mr.  Abbot,  as 
he  is  better  known,  with  the  additions  of  Sergeant  Shee,  and  the 
notes  of  Judge  Story  and  Mr.  Perkins.  In  all  that  relates  to  the 
mechanical  execution,  table  of  cases,  index,  annotations,  and  ap 
pendix,  this  is  incomparably  the  best  edition  of  '  Abbot  on  Ship 
ping,'  that  has  ever  been  published." — Law  Reporter. 

Abbot,  George,  Archbishop  of  Canterbury,  1562- 
1633,  was  a  native  of  Guildford,  Surrey.  Anthony  Wood 
tells  us,  at  the  time  he  wrote  the  life  of  Robert,  the  brother 
of  George,  that  the  house  where  these  brothers,  afterwards 
so  distinguished,  were  born,  was  occupied  as  an  ale-house, 
bearing  the  sign  of  the  Three  Mariners ;  it  was  situated 
by  the  river's  side,  near  to  the  bridge,  on  the  north  side 
of  the  street,  in  St.  Nicholas's  parish.  Their  father,  a 
cloth-worker,  evinced  a  laudable  zeal  for  their  welfare  by 
having  them  instructed  in  the  Free  School  of  their  native 
place,  and  then  sending  them  in  succession  to  Baliol  Col 
lege,  Oxford.  The  two  boys,  thus  benefited  by  paternal 
care,  lived  to  reward  this  fatherly  interest  by  the  eminence 
and  usefulness  to  which  they  both  attained.  Robert  be 
came  Bishop  of  Salisbury,  and  George,  the  subject  of  our 
memoir,  Archbishop  of  Canterbury.  George  entered  Ba 
liol  College  in  1578 ;  became  a  Fellow  in  1593 ;  took  his 
degree  of  D.D.  in  1597,  and  was  chosen  in  the  same  year 
Principal  of  University  College.  He  was  installed  Dean 
of  Winchester  in  1599,  and  the  year  following  was  chosen 
Vice- Chancellor  of  the  University  of  Oxford,  to  which  he 
was  again  elected  in  1603,  and  in  1608.  Dr.  Abbot  was 
one  of  the  eight  Oxford  divines  to  whom  was  committed 
the  duty  of  translating  the  New  Testament,  (with  the  ex 
ception  of  the  Epistles,)  when  the  version  by  command  of 
King  James  was  undertaken  in  1604.  Wood  speaks  highly 
of  his  erudition : 

"  He  was  also  a  learned  man,  and  had  his  erudition  all  of  the 
'old  stamp.  The  things  that  he  hath  written  show  him  to  be  a 
man  of  parts,  learning,  vigilance,  and  unwearied  study,  though 
overwhelmed  with  business." — Athen.  Oxon. 

When  an  effort  was  made  in  1608  to  effect  a  union  between 
the  national  churches  of  Scotland  and  England,  Hume,  Earl 
of  Dunbar,  and  Dr.  Abbot  were  despatched  to  Scotland  to 
further  this  object.  An  arrangement  was  made  by  which 
the  bishops  were  to  be  perpetual  moderators  in  the  diocesan 
synods,  and  had  the  power  of  presentation  to  benefices, 
and  of  deprivation  or  suspension.  The  preferment  which 
rewarded  Abbot's  successful  management  of  this  delicate 
business,  is  the  best  evidence  of  the  approbation  with 
which  he  was  regarded  by  his  royal  patron.  The  bishopric 
of  Lichfield  and  Coventry  became  vacant  in  1609  by  the 
death  of  Dr.  Overton,  and  Dr.  Abbot  was  appointed  his 
successor.  In  the  next  month  he  was  translated  to  the 
see  of  London,  vacant  by  the  death  of  Dr.  Thomas  Ravis  ; 
and  Archbishop  Bancroft  dying  in  1610,  Bishop  Abbot  was 
'raised  to  the  archiepiscopal  see  of  Canterbury. 

It  is  not  improbable  that  he  owed  his  advancement  as 
much  to  his  adulation  of  his  royal  master — whose  love  of 
flattery  is  well  known— as  to  the  real  merit  which  he  un 
questionably  possessed,  and  his  sincere  attachment  to  the 
Protestant  cause,  in  which  his  parents  had  suffered  consi 
derably.  In  the  preface  to  one  of  his  pamphlets,  the  fol 
lowing  specimen  of  ridiculous  flattery  occurs ; — speaking 
of  the  king,  he  says  : 

"Whose  life  hath  been  so  immaculate,  and  unspotted,  Ac.,  that 
even  malice  itself,  which  leaves  nothing  unsearchod,  could  never 


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find  true  blemish  in  it,  nor  cast  profitable  aspersion  on  it.  Zeal 
ous  as  a  David;  learned  and  wise,  the  Solomon  of  our  age;  reli 
gious  as  Josias;  careful  of  spreading  Christ's  faith  as  Constantine 
the  Great;  just  as  Moses;  undefiled  in  all  his  ways  as  a  Jehosha- 
phat  and  Hezekiah ;  full  of  clemency  as  another  Theodosius." 

It  would  also  appear,  from  a  letter  of  King  James's  to 
Abbot,  first  published  by  Dean  Sherlock,  that  his  ideas  of 
regal  power  were  little  likely  to  give  offence  even  to  such 
a  prince  as  James ;  nevertheless  Abbot  could  sometimes 
oppose  the  will  of  his  sovereign  with  great  decision  and 
firmness,  and  his  moderation  in  the  exercise  of  his  high 
functions  recommended  him  greatly  to  the  Puritan  and 
popular  party.  He  strenuously  promoted  the  projected 
match  between  the  Elector  Palatine  and  the  Princess 
Elizabeth,  and  performed  their  nuptial  ceremony,  on  the 
14th  of  February,  1612. 

"  It  was  acceptable  news,"  says  Neal,  "  to  the  English  Puritans, 
to  hear  of  a  Protestant  prince  in  Bohemia ;  and  they  earnestly  de 
sired  his  majesty  to  support  him,  as' appears  by  Archbishop  Ab 
bot's  letter,  who  was  known  to  speak  the  sense  of  that  whole 
party.  This  prelate  being  asked  his  opinion  as  a  privy  councillor, 
while  he  was  confined  to  his  bed  with  the  gout,  wrote  the  follow 
ing  letter  to  the  secretary  of  state :— <  That  it  was  his  opinion,  that 
the  elector  should  accept  the  crown ;  that  England  should  support 
him  openly ;  and  that  as  soon  as  news  of  his  coronation  should 
arrive,  the  bells  should  be  rung,  guns  fired,  and  bonfires  made  to 
let  all  England  see  that  the  king  was  determined  to  countenance 
him.'  The  archbishop  adds,  '  It  is  a  great  honour  to  our  king  to 
have  such  a  son  made  a  king ;  methinks  I  foresee  in  this  the  work 
of  God,  that  by  degrees  the  kings  of  the  earth  shall  leave  the 
whore  to  desolation.  Our  striking  in  will  comfort  the  Bohemians, 
and  bring  in  the  Dutch  and  the  Dane,  and  Hungary  will  run  the 
same  fortune.  As  for  money  and  means,  let  us  trust  God  and  the 
Parliament,  as  the  old  and  honourable  means  of  raising  money. 
This  from  my  bed,  (says  the  brave  old  prelate,)  September  12, 1619, 
and  when  I  can  stand,  I  will  do  better  service.' " 

"  The  affair  of  the  divorce  of  the  Lady  Essex,  has  been  consi 
dered  one  of  the  greatest  blemishes  of  James's  reign.  The  king 
referred  the  matter  to  a  court  of  delegates,  consisting  of  bishops 
and  civilians,  which  he  expected  would  decide  in  favour  of  the 
divorce ;  but  the  archbishop  boldly  resisted  the  measure,  and  sen 
tence  was  given  in  the  lady's  favour.  On  another  occasion,  the 
archbishop  set  himself  against  the  views  and  wishes  of  the  king 
and  court,  when  these  ran  counter  to  a  higher  allegiance  which  he 
owed.  Happening  to  be  at  Croydon,  in  1618,  on  the  day  when  the 
king's  proclamation  permitting  sports  and  pastimes  on  the  Sab 
bath,  was  ordered  to  be  read  in  all  churches,  he  forbade  it  to  be 
published  in  the  church  of  that  place." — Cunningham's  Biog.  His 
tory  of  England. 

"  In  1621,  whilst  taking  a  journey  into  Hampshire,  the  arch 
bishop  was  invited  by  Lord  Zouch  to  hunt  in  Bramhill  Park.  Pre 
tending  to  be  a  woodman,  he  took  up  a  crossbow  to  make  a  shot 
at  a  buck,  but  unhappily  hit  the  keeper,  who  had  run  in  among 
the  herd  of  deer,  to  bring  them  up  to  a  fairer  mark.  The  arrow 
pierced  the  left  arm,  and  dividing  the  large  axillary  vessels, 
caused  instantaneous  death.  '  He  never  spake  after,'  says  Fuller, 
'  as  the  person,  still  alive  at  Croydon,  who  brought  off  his  body, 
Informed  me.'  This  untoward  event  caused  the  greatest  conster 
nation — the  like  had  never  happened  in  the  Church  of  England ; 
it  was  a  sore  affliction  to  many  good  men,  who  lamented  the  scan 
dal  which  must  by  this  untoward  accident  inevitably  fall  upon 
the  church;  for  in  the  eye  of  general  councils,  and  the  canon  law, 
the  archbishop  was  wonderfully  tainted,  and  made  incapable  of 
performing  any  sacred  function.  By  the  common  law,  his  personal 
estate  was  forfeited  to  the  king,  who  graciously  sent  him  a  letter 
under  his  own  hand, '  that  he  would  not  add  affliction  to  his  sor 
row,  nor  take  one  farthing  from  his  chattels  and  movables.' 
HACKET,  p.  65.  But  the  scandal  brought  upon  the  church  was 
not  so  readily  removed ;  it  was  a  subject  of  discourse  in  the  foreign 
universities,  and  after  three  several  disputations,  was  declared  by 
the  Sorbonnists  to  amount  to  a  positive  irregularity.  To  add  to 
the  difficulty,  four  bishops  elect  were  waiting  for  their  consecra 
tion  :— Dr.  Williams,  elect  of  Lincoln ;  Dr.  Davenant,  of  Salisbury ; 
Dr.Cary,  of  Exeter;  Dr. Laud,  of  St. David's;  all  of  whom,  except 
Davenant,  who  was  under  personal  obligations  to  the  archbishop, 
scrupled  to  have  his  hands  laid  upon  them,  and  declined  his  con 
secration  ;  '  not  out  of  enmity,  or  superstition,  (says  HACKET,  p.  66,) 
but  to  be  wary,  that  they  might  not  be  attainted  with  the  conta 
gion  of  his  scandal,  and  uncanonical  condition.'  To  determine  the 
question,  and  settle  men's  minds,  the  king  directed  a  commission 
on  the  3d  of  October,  to  the  Lord  Keeper,  (Williams,)  the  Bishops 
of  London,  (Montague,)  Winchester,  (Andrews,)  and  Rochester, 
(Buckeridge ;)  to  the  elects  of  Exeter,  (Cary,)  and  St.  David's, 
(Laud ;)  Sir  Henry  Hobart,  lord  chief  justice  of  the  Common  Pleas ; 
Sir  John  Doddridge,  one  of  the  justices  of  the  King's  Bench;  Sir 
Henry  Martin,  dean  of  the  arches ;  and  Dr.  Steward,  a  civilian. 
The  three  following  questions  were  submitted  to  their  decision  :— 
1.  Whether  the  archbishop  were  irregular  by  the  fact  of  involuntary 
Tumicidef  The  two  judges  and  two  civilians  held  the  negative; 
the  others  held  that  he  was  irregular,  except  Bishop  Andrews,  who 
said  that  he  could  not  conclude  so.  2.  Whether  the  act  might  tend 
to  a  scandal  in  a  churchman  f  Bishop  Andrews,  Sir  H.  Hobart,  and 
Dr.  Steward,  doubted.  The  rest  concurred  that  there  might  arise 
from  such  an  accident, '  scandalum  acceptum  non  datum.'  3.  How 
the  archbishop  sliould  be  restored  in  case  he  should  be  found  irregular  ? 
All  agreed  that  it  could  be  no  otherwise  than  by  restitution  from 
the  king;  but  they  dissented  in  the  manner  of  its  being  done. 
.  .  .  But  though  the  archbishop  was  thus  absolved,  Williams  and 
the  others  still  scrupled  at  receiving  consecration  from  his  hands, 
and  the  king  therefore  permitted  them  to  be  otherwise  conse 
crated.''—^  Biog.  Brit. 

The  archbishop  petitioned  the  king  to  be  permitted  to 
retire,  and  spend  the  remainder  of  his  days  at  his  own  alms- 


house  at  Guildford. — Howel's  Letters,  p.  423.  However, 
after  the  decision  of  the  commission,  he  returned  to  Lam 
beth,  and  resumed  his  functions.  A  monthly  fast  and  £20 
per  annum  to  the  widow  proved  the  sincerity  of  his  grief. 
After  much  ill  health,  which  for  a  season  caused  a  suspen 
sion  of  the  discharge  of  his  episcopal  duties,  he  regained 
his  health  in  a  great  measure,  as  is  proved  by  the  following 
anecdote,  extracted  from  a  MS.  letter  in  the  British  Mu 
seum: 

"One  day  the  last  week,  my  lord  of  Arundel,  and  his  son,  my 
lord  Maltravers,  having  espied  my  lord  of  Canterbury's  coach  on 
Barnsted  Down,  coming  towards  theirs,  before  they  came  a  butt's 
length  short  of  it,  both  their  lordships  alighted,  and  went  a  great 
pace  towards  his  grace's  coach,  who,  when  they  were  approached, 
said, '  What!  and  must  my  lord  Marshal  of  England  take  so  great 
pains  to  do  me  so  much  honour?  Were  my  legs  as  good  as  my 
heart,  I  should  have  met  your  lordships  the  better  half  of  the 
way.'  Then  my  lord  of  Arundel  replied,  '  It  might  well  become  an 
earl  Marshal  to  give  so  much  respect  to  an  Archbishop  of  Canter 
bury.'  His  grace,  by  his  diet,  hath  so  moderated  his  gout,  as  it  is 
now  rather  an  infirmity  than  a  pain.  He  looks  fresh,  and  enjoys 
his  health,  and  hath  his  wits  arid  intellectuals  aboxit  him.  So 
that,  if  any  other  prelate  do  gape  after  his  benefice,  his  grace,  per 
haps,  according  to  the  old  and  homely  proverb,  [may]  eat  of  the 
goose  which  shall  graze  upon  his  grave." — Harl.  MSS.,  7000. 

His  grace  was  never  married,  and  seems  to  have  had  a 
natural  antipathy  to  women.  One  day,  (as  Fuller  tells  us 
in  his  Appeal,  &c.)  returning  in  his  coach  to  Croydon, 
from  which  he  had  been  some  time  absent,  many  people, 
most  women,  some  of  good  quality,  partly  from  curiosity 
and  novelty,  crowded  around  his  coach  to  see  him.  The 
archbishop,  unwilling  to  be  gazed  at,  and  never  partial  to 
females,  exclaimed,  somewhat  churlishly,  "What  makes 
these  women  here  ?"  "  You  had  best,"  said  one  of  them, 
"  shoot  an  arrow  at  us."  The  archbishop  died  at  Croydon 
on  Sunday,  August  4, 1633.  His  remissness  in  matters  of 
church  discipline  has  been  much  censured. — Hose's  Biog. 
Diet. ;  L' Estrange' s  Charles  I. 

For  further  particulars  respecting  this  prelate,  the  reader 
is  referred  to  the  recorded  opinions  of  his  contemporaries, 
Hacket,  Fuller,  Osberne,  Clarendon,  Sanderson,  Goodman, 
Heylin,  and  others ;  also  to  L'Estrange's  "  Reign  of  King 
Charles,"  and  the  Biographia  Britannica. 

When  Grotius  was  sent  to  England  upon  behalf  of  the 
"  Remonstrants,"  he  does  not  seem  to  have  made  a  very 
favourable  impression  upon  the  archbishop,  who  draws  no 
flattering  picture  of  the  great  scholar  in  a  letter  to  Sir 
Ralph  Winwood.  (See  Biog.  Britannica.)  Some  extracts 
from  this  curious  epistle  will  not  be  uninteresting  to  the 
reader. 

"At  his  first  coming  to  the  king,  by  reason  of  his  good  Latin 
tongue,  he  was  so  tedious,  and  full  of  tittle-tattle,  that  the  king's 
judgment  was  of  him,  that  he  was  some  pedant,  full  of  words,  and 
of  no  groat  judgment.  And  I  myself  discovering  that  to  be  his 
habit,  as  if  he  did  imagine  that  every  man  was  bound  to  hear  him, 
so  long  as  he  would  talk,  (which  is  a  great  burthen  to  men  replete 
with  business,)  did  privately  give  him  notice  thereof,  that  he 
should  plainly  and  directly  deliver  his  mind,  or  else  he  would 
make  the  king  weary  of  him.  This,  one  would  think,  would  prove 
a  sufficient  hint  to  the  garrulous  Hollander  to  repress  his  loqua 
city,  but  it  seems  otherwise.  Afterwards  he  fell  to  it  again,  as  was 
especially  observed  one  night  at  supper,  at  the  Lord  Bishop  of 
Ely's,  whither  being  brought  by  Mr.  Casaubon,  (as  I  think,)  my 
lord  intreated  him  to  stay  to  supper,  which  he  did.  There  was 
present.  Dr.  Steward,  and  another  civilian,  unto  whom  he  flings 
out  some  question  of  that  profession,  and  was  so  full  of  words, 
that  Dr.  Steward  afterwards  told  my  lord,  that  he  did  perceive  by 
him,  that  like  a  smatterer,  he  had  studied  some  two  or  three  ques 
tions,  whereof  when  he  came  in  company,  he  must  be  talking  to 
vindicate  his  skill;  but  if  he  were  put  from  those,  he  would  show 
himself  but  a  simple  fellow." 

What  a  character  of  the  great  Grotius !  He  seems  to 
have  been  a  kind  of  ancient  Coleridge,  without  the  patient 
audience,  and  remarkable  power  of  attraction,  which  that 
eminent  conversationist  so  often  enjoyed.  The  hospitable 
prelate  of  Ely  seems  to  have  been  as  much  overwhelmed 
with  the  tide  of  talk  as  were  the  guests : 

"My  lord  of  Ely,  sitting  still  at  the  supper  all  the  while,  and 
wondering  what  a  man  he  had  there,  who,  never  being  in  the  place 
or  company  before,  could  overwhelm  with  talk  for  so  long  a  time." 

The  archbishop  was  the  author  of  the  following  works  : 

1.  Qusestiones  Sex,  totidem  Praelectionibus  in  schola  The- 
ologica  Oxonise  pro  forma  habitis  discussse  et  disceptnte, 
Anno  1597 ;  in  quibus  e  Sacra  Scriptura  et  Patribus  Anti- 
quissimus  quid  statuendum  sit,  definit,  Oxon.  1598,  4to. 
Franckfort,  1616,  4to,  published  by  Abraham   Sculetus. 

2.  Exposition  on  the  Prophet  Jonah,  by  way  of  Sermon, 
Oxford,  1600, 4to.     These  sermons  were  received  with  great 
applause,  and  were  reprinted  in  1613.     3.  A  preface  to  the 
examination  of  George  Sprot.     The  reasons  which  Dr. 
Hill  hath  brought  for  the  upholding  of  Papistry,  Oxon. 
1604,  4to.     4.  Sermon  preached  at  Westminster,  at  tbo 
Funeral  of  the  Earl  of  Dorset,  1608,  4to.     5.  Translation 
of  a  part  of  the  New  Testament,  with  the  rest  of  the  Ox- 


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ford  Divines,  1611.  6.  Geography,  or  a  Brief  Description 
of  the  Whole  World,  wherein  is  particularly  described  all 
the  Monarchies,  Empires,  and  Kingdoms  of  the  same,  with 
their  Academies,  London,  1617,  4to;  1636,  1642,  12mo; 
1664,  8vo;  numerous  editions.  7.  A  Short  Apology  for 
Archbishop  Abbot,  touching  the  death  of  Peter  Hawkins. 
8.  A  Treatise  on  the  Visibility  and  Succession  of  the  true 
Church  in  all  Ages,  London,  1624,  4to,  (anon.)  9.  Narra 
tive,  containing  the  true  Cause  of  his  Sequestration  and 
Disgrace  at  Court,  in  two  parts,  written  at  Ford  in  Kent, 
1627.  10.  Judgment  on  Bowing  at  the  Name  of  Jesus, 
Harnb.,  1632,  8vo.  11.  History  of  the  Massacre  in  the 
Valtoline.  (See  Fox's  Acts.)  12  Answer  to  the  Questions 
of  the  Citizens  of  London,  concerning  Cheapside  Cross,  in 
January,  1600,  not  printed  until  1641.  13.  The  Case,  &c., 
as  debated  in  England  anno  1613,  in  the  Trial  between 
Robert  Earl  of  Essex,  and  the  Lady  Frances  Howard ;  re 
printed  in  London,  1715,  12mo.  We  also  refer  the  reader 
to  the  Life  of  Dr.  George  Abbot,  Lord  Archbishop  of  Can 
terbury,  reprinted  with  some  additions  and  corrections 
from  the  Biographia  Britannica,  with  his  character  by  the 
Rt.  Hon.  Arthur  Onslow;  A  Description  of  the  Hospital 
which  he  erected  and  endowed,  in  his  native  town  of 
Guildford  in  Surrey ;  Correct  Copies  of  the  Charter  and 
Statutes  of  the  same;  his  Will,  &c.  To  which  are  added 
the  Lives  of  his  two  Brothers,  Dr.  Robert  Abbot,  and  Sir 
Thomas  Maurice  Abbot,  Guilf.  1777,  8vo.  The  exposi 
tion  on  Jonah 

"  In  genuine  worth  is,  to  many  works  of  a  like  kind,  as  the  solid 
weight  to  the  small  dust  of  the  balance."— Eclectic  Review. 

Abbot,  George,  1604-1648,  nephew  of  the  preceding. 
Elected  probationer  fellow  of  Merton  College,  Oxford, 
1624.  He  married  a  daughter  of  Colonel  Purefoy,  of 
Caldecote-hall,  Warwickshire,  and  defended  the  colonel's 
house,  by  the  help  of  his  servants  only,  against  Princes 
Rupert  and  Maurice,  with  eighteen  troops  of  horse.  He 
wrote,  1.  The  whole  Book  of  Job  paraphrased,  London, 
4to,  1640.  2.  Vindiciae  Sabbati,  or  an  answer  to  two  trea 
tises  of  Mr.  Broad,  London,  1641,  4to.  3.  Brief  Notes 
upon  the  whole  Book  of  Psalms,  London,  1651,  4to.  He 
died  February  4,  1648. 

Abbot,  Henry?  Lecturer  of  St.  John's  the  Baptist, 
Bristol.  Author  of,  1.  County  Feast,  a  Sermon  on  Psalm 
cxxxiii.  1,  Bristol,  1703.  2.  The  Use  and  Benefit  of  Church 
Music,  towards  quickening  our  Devotion :  on  Psalm  Ixxxi. 
12,  1724. 

Abbot,  Henry.  The  Transport's  Monitor.  London, 
1805. 

Abbot,  Hull,  a  minister  of  Charlestown,  Massachu 
setts,  graduated  at  Harvard  College,  1720,  ordained  Feb 
ruary  5, 1724,  and  died  April  19, 1774,  aged  80  years.  He 
published  the  following  sermons: — 1.  On  the  Artillery 
Election,  1735.  2.  On  the  Rebellion  in  Scotland,  1746. 
3.  Against  Profane  Cursing  and  Swearing,  1747. 

Abbot,  John,  author  of  a  poem  entitled  Jesus  Pre 
figured;  or  a  Poeme  of  the  Holy  Name  of  Jesus.  Per- 
missu  Superiorum,  1623,  4to,  dedicated  to  Prince  Charles. 
Nassau's  Sale,  No.  136,  16s. 

Abbot,  John,  many  years  a  resident  of  Georgia.  The 
Natural  History  of  the  rarer  Lepidopterous  Insects  of 
Georgia.  Edited  by  Sir  J.  E.  Smith,  London,  1797,  with 
104  coloured  plates;  published  at  £21. 

"  A  sumptuous  work,  but  in  little  estimation,  as  the  plates  are 
not  considered  accurate." — LOWNDES. 

Abbot,  Robert,  1560-1617,  elder  brother  to  the  Arch 
bishop,  was  educated  at  the  same  school  with  his  brother. 
Upon  an  oration  made  by  him,  on  the  day  of  Queen  Eliz 
abeth's  inauguration,  he  was  chosen  scholar  of  Baliol 
College.  In  1594,  he  obtained  some  celebrity  as  an  author 
by  a  book  which  he  published  against  a  Romanist,  entitled 
The  Mirror  of  Popish  Subtilties,  <fec.  In  1597,  he  was 
made  a  doctor  of  divinity;  in  1601,  he  published  The 
Exultation  of  the  Kingdom  and  Priesthood  of  Christ, 
being  a  collection  of  Sermons  on  the  first  part  of  the  110th 
Psalm.  King  James  I.  was  so  much  pleased  with  Dr. 
Abbot's  treatise,  "  Antichrist!  Demonstrati  contra  fabulas 
Pontificius  et  ineptam  Rob.  Bellarmini  de  Antichristo  dis- 
putationem,"  that  he  commanded  his  own  Commentary  on 
the  Apocalypse  to  be  appended  to  the  second  edition  of 
this  treatise,  which  was  published  in  1608,  8vo.  In  1615, 
he  was  promoted  to  the  see  of  Salisbury,  and  died  March 
2,  1617.  Dr.  Abbot  also  published,  1.  A  defence  of  the 
Reformed  Catholic  of  Mr.  William  Perkins,  1606,  1607, 
and  1609,  to  which  work  he  added  a  particular  treatise, 
entitled,  The  true  ancient  Roman  Catholic.  2.  Antologia 
contra,  apologiam  A.  Endaemon  Johannem,  London,  1613, 
4to,  containing  much  curious  information  on  the  Gun 
powder  Plot.  3.  Lectures  under  the  title  of  Excercita- 


tiones  de  Gratia  et  Perseverantia  Sanctorum,  Lon.,  1618 ; 
Frank.,  1619.  4.  De  Suprema  Potestate  Regia,  contra  Bel- 
larminum  et  Suarez,  Lon.,  1619.  5.  A  very  complete  Com 
mentary  on  the  Romans,  in  MS.,  now  in  the  Bodleian 
Library. — Rose's  Biog.  Diet. 

Abbot,  Robert,  1585-1653,  was  originally  of  the 
University  of  Cambridge ;  incorporated  Master  of  Arts  of 
Oxford,  July  14,  1607.  Works:  1.  Serm.  on  Psalm  xxxi. 
21,  Lon.,  1626.  2.  Four  Serms.  on  Judges,  Matthew,  and 
1  Timothy,  Lon.,  1639.  3.  Trial  of  our  Church  Forsakers 
against  Brownists,  Lon.,  1639.  4.  Milk  for  Babes :  a  Cate 
chism,  with  three  Serms.,  Lon.,  1646.  5.  Serms.,  entitled 
The  Young  Man's  Warning  Piece,  Prov.  iv,  19,  1662. 

Abbot,  Robert,  of  Huntfield. 

"  There  was  about  the  same  time  a  Robert  Abbot  of  Huntfield, 
mentioned  by  Dr.  Pulteney  as  a  learned  preacher  and  an  excellent 
and  diligent  herbalist,  who  assisted  the  celebrated  Johnson  in  his 
works." — Chalmers's  Biog.  Diet. 

Probably  the  author  of  A  Christian  Family,  builded  by 
God,  or  Directions  for  Governors  of  Families,  on  Psalm 
oxxvi.  1,  Lon.,  1653. 

Abbot,  T.  Eastoc.  Peace;  a  Lyric  Poem,  Lon.,  1814. 

Abbot.    Designs  for  Coaches,  <fcc.,  Lon.,  1763. 

Abbott,  Benj.  V.,  b.  1830,  Boston;  Austin,  b.  1831, 
Boston;  and  Lyman,  b.  1835,  Roxbury,  Mass.  These 
three  brothers,  sons  of  Jacob  Abbott,  are  engaged  in  the 
practice  of  law  in  New  York  City.  They  are  authors  of 
several  legal  works  published  under  their  copartnership- 
name,  "Abbott  Brothers."  Admiralty  Reports,  1  vol. ; 
N.  York  Practice  Reports,  6  vols.,  (still  continued;)  Forms 
of  Pleading  under  the  New  York  Code,  1  vol.  They  have 
also  published  an  edition  of  Sedgwick  on  Damages,  with 
Notes;  and  have  contributed  numerous  legal  articles  to 
Livingston's  Law  Mag.,  Hunt's  Merchant's  Mag.,  The  Young 
Men's  Mag.,  and  other  periodicals.  The  novel  Conecut 
Corners,  written  in  support  of  the  policy  of  prohibitory 
temperance-laws,  and  published  under  their  nom  de  plume, 
"Benanly,"  (under  which  they  have  made  many  contri 
butions  to  current  literature,)  is  also  the  joint  production  of 
these  brothers. 

Abbott,  Rev.  Jacob,  b.  1803,  at  Hallowell,  Maine, 
graduated  at  Bowdoin  College,  1820.  Mr.  Abbott's  prin 
cipal  works  are  The  Young  Christian,  The  Corner-Stone, 
Way  to  do  Good,  The  TeacherrHoary  Head  and  McDonner, 
Summer  in  Scotland,  A  Series  of  Histories  of  Celebrated 
Sovereigns,  and  a  large  number  of  juvenile  works,  such  as 
The  Rollo  Books,  28  vols. ;  The  Franconia  Stories,  10  vols. ; 
Marco  Paul's  Adventures,  6  vols.;  Harper's  Story-Books, 
36  vols. ;  The  Little  Learner  Series,  5  vols.,  &c.  These  works 
have  had  an  extensive  circulation  in  this  country,  and  have 
nearly  all  been  republished  repeatedly,  and  in  many  different 
forms,  in  England.  Many  of  them  have  been  translated 
into  various  foreign  languages  both  in  Europe  and  Asia. 

Sir  John  Williams  remarks  of  "  The  Young  Christian," 
"  I  have  seldom  seen  a  religious  publication  so  striking  and  sc 
adapted  for  usefulness." 

"  Jacob  Abbott's  last  work,  '  The  Way  to  do  Good,'  will,  I  think, 
please  you  very  much.  It  is  delightful  to  read  a  book  so  good  and 
so  sensible, — so  zealous  for  what  is  valuable,  so  fan*  about  what  is 
indifferent." — The  late  Dr.  Arnold,  in  a  letter  to  Sir  Thomas  Parley. 
"  THE  LIFE  OF  MARY,  QUEEN  OF  SCOTLAND.— This  is  the  first  of  a 
series,  and  promises  well  for  the  whole."— Lon.  Athen. 

"THE  LIFE  OF  HANNIBAL  THE  CARTHA<}ENIAN  is  written  in  the 
same  easy  style  that  characterizes  the  author's  other  compilations." 
— Lon.  Athenseum. 

Abbott,  Major  James,  of  the  Bengal  Artillery.  1. 
T'Hakoorine ;  a  Tale  of  Maandoo,  Lon.,  12mo.  2.  Nar 
rative  of  a  Journey  from  Heraut  to  Khiva,  Moscow,  and 
St.  Petersburg;  2d  ed.,  2  vols.  8vo.  See  Lon.  Obs.,  Dec.  9, 
1855,  and  Lon.  Econ.,  Nov.  17,  for  commendatory  notices. 

Abbott,  Rev.  John  S.  C.,  brother  of  Rev.  Jacob 
Abbott,  b.  1805,  at  Brunswick,  Maine,  graduated  at  Bowdcin 
College,  1825,  and  at  the  Theological  Seminary  in  Andover, 
Mass.,  1829.  His  principal  works  are  The  Mother  at 
Home,  first  pub.  1833;  The  Child  at  Home;  Kings  and 
Queens;  the  Histories  of  Marie  Antoinette,  Josephine, 
Mad.  Roland,  Cortez,  Henry  IV.  of  France,  King  Philip, 
Sovereign  Chief  of  the  Wampanoags :  these  six  vols. 
constitute  Abbott's  Historical  Series.  The  History  of  Na 
poleon  Bonaparte,  2  vols.  r.  8vo,  profusely  illustrated.  This 
work  has  been  very  severely  criticized, — with  what  justice 
must  be  referred  to  the  judgment  of  the  intelligent  reader. 
All  of  these  works  have  had  a  very  extensive  sale.  The 
Mother  at  Home  has  been  translated  into  nearly  all  the 
languages  of  modern  Europe,  and  has  been  republished  in 
Asia  and  Africa.  It  is  considered  one  of  the  best  exposi 
tions  of  the  important  responsibilities  of  which  it  treats. 
Napoleon  at  St.  Helena,  8vo;  Confidential  Correspond 
ence  of  Napoleon  and  Josephine ;  History  of  the  French 
Revolution. 

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A  respectable  authority  thus  commends  Mr.  Abbott's 
Mother  at  Home  : 

"  There  has  never  before,  perhaps,  issued  from  the  press  a  work 
BO  important  to  mothers  as  the  one  before  us.  It  takes  such  esti 
mates  of  the  maternal  character  as  are  overwhelming  in  their  so 
lemnity.  The  author  has  shown  himself  a  master  of  his  subject, 
and  he  has  treated  it  with  equal  delicacy  and  force."— London 
Evangelical  Magazine. 

Abdy,  E.  S.  1.  Cases  of  Diseases  cured  by  Cold  Water, 
Lon.,  8vo.  2.  Residence  and  Tour  in  U.S.,  1833,  '34,  Svols. 
p.  8vo. 

Abdy,  Stotherd,  Archdeacon  of  Essex.  1.  A  Sermon 
before  the  Sons  of  the  Clergy,  1759.  2.  A  Sermon  at  a 
School  Feast,  1763.  3.  Sermon  preached  at  the  Assizes 
holden  at  Chelmsford,  before  the  Hon.  Mr.  Baron  Perrot, 
1773. 

Abdy,  T.  A.,  Rector  of  Thoydangarnon.  A  Sermon 
preached  before  the  Epping  Troop  of  West  Essex,  Y~  C., 
1797. 

Abdy,  Wm.  Jervis,  Rector  of  St.  John's,  South  wark. 
The  British  Christian's  Duty  to  make  Prayers  and  Suppli 
cations  for  the  King  in  the  Day  of  Trouble,  a  Sermon, 
Psalm  xx.  1-4,  London,  1812. 

Abdy,  Mrs.,  an  English  lady,  favourably  known  as  a 
contributor  to  the  periodical  literature  of  the  day.  A  vol 
ume  of  her  poems  has  been  printed  for  private  circulation. 
Her  writings  are  deserving  of  high  praise  for  their  reli 
gious  spirit  and  grace  of  style. 

A  Becket,  Gilbert  Abbott.    See  BECKET,  p.  152. 

A  Becket,  St.  Thomas.     See  BECKET,  p.  152. 

Abeel,  David,  1804-1846,  b.  New  Brunswick,  N.J.,  a 
missionary  of  the  Dutch  Reformed  Church  to  the  East.  1. 
Journal  of  a  Residence  in  China,  1829-33.  2.  Missionary 
Convention  at  Jerusalem,  1838,  N.  York,  12mo.  3.  The 
Claims  of  the  World  to  the  Gospel.  See  Memoirs,  by  Rev. 
G.  R.  Williamson,  1849. 

Abel,  Clark,  M.D.,  1780-1826,  principal  medical  officer 
and  naturalist  to  the  embassy  of  Lord  Amherst  to  China  in 
1816.  Personal  Observations  made  during  the  Progress  of 
the  British  Embassy  through  China,  and  on  its  Voyage  to 
and  from  that  Country,  in  the  Years  1816-17,  1818,  4to. 
This  work,  valuable  as  it  is,  would  have  been  much  fuller 
had  not  many  of  the  doctor's  papers  been  lost  in  the  "Al- 
ceste"  on  her  return  voyage. 

Abel,  Thomas.     See  ABLE. 

Abell,  John,  an  English  musician.  A  Collection  of 
Songs  in  several  Languages,  London,  1701. 

Abell,  Mrs.  L.  G.  Gems  by  the  Wayside,  N.  York, 
12mo.  The  Skilful  Housewife's  Book,  N.  York,  12mo. 

Abercrombie,  John,  1726-1806,  a  Scotchman,  who 
wrote  many  works  on  Horticulture.  His  first  work,  the 
Gardener's  Calendar,  was  published  in  the  name  of  Mr. 
Mawe,  gardener  to  the  Duke  of  Leeds.  For.  this  loan  of 
his  name,  Mr.  Mawe  received  a  gratuity  of  twenty  guineas. 
Abercrombie  published  fourteen  works  on  his  favourite 
subject,  the  most  important  of  which  was  The  Universal 
Gardener  and  Botanist,  or  a  General  Dictionary  of  Gar 
dening  and  Botany,  exhibiting  in  botanical  arrangement, 
according  to  the  Linnaean  System,  every  Tree,  Shrub,  and 
Herbaceous  Plant  that  merits  Culture,  &c.,  London,  1778. 

Abercrombie,  John,  M.  D.,  1781-1841,  born  at 
Aberdeen.  He  was  deservedly  esteemed  in  his  profession, 
and  equally  so  as  a  writer  upon  Metaphysics.  He  made 
the  physician  the  instructor  of  the  philosopher,  and  sanc 
tified  the  knowledge  of  the  one  and  the  meditations  of  the 
other  by  the  most  fervent  piety.  With  these  qualifications 
for  usefulness,  the  death  of  Dr.  Abercrombie  was  indeed  a 
public  calamity.  He  studied  in  Edinburgh,  and  took  his 
degree  there  on  June  4,  1803.  He  became  a  Fellow  of  the 
Royal  College  of  Surgeons  in  1805.  On  the  decease  of  the 
celebrated  Dr.  Gregory,  in  1821,  he  began  to  occupy  the 
most  prominent  position  as  a  practising  and  consulting 
physician  not  only  in  Edinburgh,  but  in  all  Scotland. 

"  The  writings  of  Dr.  Abercrombie  contribute  no  less  to  the  esta 
blishment  and  maintenance  of  his  fame  than  his  very  useful  career 
as  a  practical  member  of  his  profession." 

1.  Pathological  and  Practical  Researches  on  Diseases 
of  the  Spinal  Cord,  Edin.,  1828,  8vo. 

"In  this  work,  which  is  characterized  by  no  ordinary  degree 
Of  purely  scientific  knowledge,  he  also  gave  an  indication  of  the 
bent  of  his  genius  to  the  study  of  mind  and  its  relations  to  the 
body." 

2.  Pathological  and  Practical  Researches  on  the  Diseases 
of  the  Intestinal  Canal,  Liver,  and  other  Viscera  of  the  Ab 
domen,  Edin.,  1828,  8vo.    His  Inquiries  concerning  the  In 
tellectual  Powers  was  published  in  1830,  The  Philosophy 
of  the  Moral  Feelings  in  1833. 

"  On  the  whole,  this  work  [Intellectual  Powers]  must  be  con 
sidered  as  containing  much  useful  information.  If  some  of  his 


arguments  are  formed  with  little  attention  to  vigour,  we  must  re 
member  that  he  wrote  for  many  who  cannot  appreciate  a  course 
of  reasoning  that  is  not  conducted  in  a  popular  manner." — Nortti 
American  Review. 

Abercrombie,  Patrick,  M.  D.,  1656-1720,  born  at 
Forfar,  in  Angus.  His  principal  work  was  The  Martial 
Achievements  of  the  Scots  Nation,  Edinburgh,  1711-15, 
of  which  Lowndes  says : 

"  The  first  volume  abounds  in  the  marvellous,  but  the  second  is 
valuable  on  account  of  its  accurate  information  respecting  the 
British  history  in  the  fourteenth  and  fifteenth  centuries.  Rox 
burgh,  £5.  7.  6." 

Abercromby,  David,  a  Scotchman,  the  author  of  a 
number  of  medical  works,  published  from  1684-87. 

Abercromby,  David,  supposed  to  be  the  same  as  the 
preceding,  wrote,  1.  Protestancy  to  be  embraced,  or  a  Me 
thod  to  reduce  Romanists  from  Popery  to  Protestancy, 
London,  1682.  2.  A  Moral  Discourse  on  the  power  of 
Interest,  London,  1690-94,  and  1744. 

Aberdeen,  George,  Earl  of.  An  Inquiry  into  the 
Principles  of  Beauty  in  Grecian  Architecture,  Lond.,  1822. 

Aberdour,  Alexander.  Observations  on  Small  Pox, 
Ac.,  Edinburgh,  1791. 

Abernethie,  Thomas,  sometime  a  Jesuit.  1.  Ab 
juration  of  Popery,  Edinburgh,  1638.  2.  His  Speech, 
wherein  is  discovered  the  Villany  and  Hellish  Plots, 
wrought  in  the  Pope's  Court,  against  these  our  Three  King 
doms,  London,  1641. 

Abernethy,  John,  Bishop  of  Caithness.  Christian 
and  Heavenly  Treatise  concerning  Physicke  for  the  Soule. 
London,  1622. 

Abernethy,  John,  1680-1740,  born  at  Coleraine,  died 
at  Dublin,  a  Presbyterian  divine,  and  noted  for  his  zeal  in 
the  cause  of  the  Protestant  religion. 

"  He  was  a  burning  and  a  shining  light  in  his  day.  Polished  in 
manners,  possessing  a  rich  fund  of  intelligence,  with  uncommon 
powers  of  conversation,  &c.,  he  was  esteemed  and  admired  as  a 
man,  in  the  private  intercourse  of  life." — JAMIESOX. 

His  Sermons  on  the  Being  and  Perfections  of  God  were 
widely  celebrated,  as  is  evinced  by  the  many  editions  which 
have  been  printed.  Four  volumes  of  Posthumous  Sermons 
were  published  in  1748,  1751,  with  a  life  of  the  author 
prefixed. 

"For  solidity  of  argument,  strength  and  clearness  of  reasoning, 
and  justness  of  sentiment,  the  Discourses  on  the  Attributes  are 
equal,  if  not  superior,  to  any  thing  of  the  kind  in  the  English  lan 
guage." — Protestant  Preacher. 

These  Discourses  were  published,  London,  1740,  &c. 

Abernethy,  John,  1763-1831,  Surgeon  to  St.  Bar 
tholomew's  Hospital,  London,  and  Teacher  of  Anatomy 
and  Surgery.  His  birthplace  is  a  matter  of  doubt  ,•  either 
the  town  of  Abernethy  in  Scotland,  or  Derry  in  Ireland. 
He  was  sixteen  years  of  age  when  apprenticed  to  Mr. 
(afterwards  Sir  Charles)  Blick,  then  Surgeon  to  St.  Bar 
tholomew's  Hospital.  At  the  age  of  twenty-two,  he  was 
appointed  Assistant  Surgeon,  and  at  the  death  of  Sir  Charles 
Blick  he  succeeded  to  the  principal  post.  In  1793,  he 
commenced  his  series  of  physiological  and  surgical  essays, 
which  in  1797  were  combined  into  an  8vo  volume.  In 
1784,  he  published  part  of  his  Surgical  Observations,  con 
taining  a  classification  of  tumours,  with  cases  to  illustrate 
the  history  of  each  species,  &c.,  and  two  years  afterwards, 
Part  Second  appeared,  presenting  an  account  of  disorders 
of  the  health  in  general,  and  of  the  digestive  organs  in 
particular,  which  accompany  local  diseases  and  obstruct 
their  cure.  In  1809,  he  gave  to  the  public  his  work  on  the 
Constitutional  Origin  and  Treatment  of  Local  Disease, 
and  on  Aneurism.  A  separate  volume  was  likewise  pub 
lished  by  him  on  Diseases  resembling  Syphilis,  and  In 
juries  of  the  Head ;  as  also,  (in  1814,)  An  Inquiry  into 
the  Probability  and  Rationality  of  Hunter's  Theory  of 
Life,  in  which  he  embodied  the  substance  of  the  first  two 
lectures  he  delivered  before  the  College  of  Surgeons,  as 
their  professor,  and  wherein  he  maintained  and  illustrated 
the  doctrines  of  his  great  master.  He  expired  at  his  coun 
try  residence  at  Enfield,  April  20,  1831.  His  disease 
was  asthma,  (complicated  probably  with  diseased  heart, 
although  he  attributed  much  to  the  stomach,)  and  conse 
quent  dropsy.  His  body  was  not  examined,  in  accordance, 
as  it  is  understood,  with  his  own  desire.  As  a  surgeon, 
Abernethy  was  surpassed  by  none  of  his  contemporaries. 
Hunter  had  previously  proposed  and  practised  the  appli 
cation  of  ligature  on  the  femoral  artery  for  the  cure  of 
popliteal  aneurism;  and  this  principle  was  further  and 
successfully  extended  by  Abernethy  to  the  external  iliac 
and  carotid  arteries,  in  the  treatment  of  the  same  disease  in 
some  of  their  offsets.  His  simple  and  impressive  style  of  lec 
turing  never  failed  to  enchain  the  attention  of  his  audience  ; 
while  a  certain  degree  of  dogmatism  and  contempt  of  those 


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who  differed  from  him  had  too  much  the  effect  of  render 
ing  his  hearers  any  thing  but  humble-minded  in  their  judg 
ment  of  others.  In  his  writings,  as  in  his  lectures,  his 
style  is  clear,  simple,  and  concise. — Rose's  New  Biog.  Diet. 
His  great  success  in  life  must  be,  in  a  great  measure,  attri 
buted  to  his  having  directed  the  attention  of  the  public  to 
the  influence  of  derangement  of  the  organs  of  digestion 
on  all  the  diseases  to  which  flesh  is  heir.  This  view  of  the 
subject  was  not  altogether  novel,  but  the  profession  had 
not  paid  sufficient  attention  to  it.  Abernethy  always  op 
posed,  with  great  zeal,  the  artificial  line  of  demarcation 
drawn  between  surgery  and  medicine  j  he  considering  the 
two  sciences  as  "  one  and  indivisible."  Let  the  reader 
imagine  a  snug,  elderly,  sleek,  and  venerable-looking  man, 
approaching  seventy  years  of  age,  rather  below  than  above 
the  middle  height,  somewhat  inclined  to  corpulency,  and 
still  upright  in  his  carriage,  with  his  hair  most  primly 
powdered,  and  nicely  curled  round  his  brow  and  temples. 
Let  them  imagine  such  a  person  habited  in  sober  black, 
with  his  feet  thrust  carelessly  in  a  pair  of  unlaced  half- 
boots,  and  his  hands  deposited  in  the  pockets  of  his  "pe 
culiars,"  and  they  have  the  "  glorious  John"  of  the  pro 
fession  before  their  eyes. — Physic  and  Physicians.  Aber 
nethy's  rudeness  of  manner  is  well  known,  and  was  a  great 
blemish  in  the  character  of  one  who  really  possessed  a 
most  benevolent  heart.  We  subjoin  some  anecdotes  of  this 
eminent  physician,  collected  from  various  sources. 

His  eccentricities  disgusted  so  many  patients,  that  Sir 
Astley  Cooper  used  to  say,  "Abernethy's  manner  was 
worth  a  thousand  a  year  to  him." 

Some  of  his  patients  he  would  cut  short  with — "  Sir,  I 
have  heard  enough!  You  have  heard  of  my  book?" 
"  Yes."  "  Then  go  home  and  read  it."  To  a  lady  com 
plaining  of  low  spirits,  he  would  say,  "  Don't  come  to  me  ! 
Go  and  buy  a  skipping-rope !"  Sometimes,  however,  he 
met  with  his  match  : — Cutting  a  gentleman,  one  day,  short, 
the  patient  suddenly  locked  the  door,  slipped  the  key  into 
his  pocket,  and  protested  he  would  be  heard;  which  so 
pleased  Abernethy,  that  he  not  only  complied  with  the 
patient's  wishes,  but  complimented  him  on  the  resolute 
manner  he  adopted. 

He  was  a  great  enemy  to  prolix  explanations  on  the  part 
of  his  patients.  "  People  come  here,"  he  would  often  say, 
"  to  consult  me,  and  they  will  torture  me  with  their  long, 
foolish,  fiddle-de-dee  stories  ;  so  we  quarrel ;  and  then  they 
blackguard  me  all  about  this  busy  town ;  but  I  can't  help 
that."  A  lady,  determined  to  treat  him  after  his  own 
fashion,  having  in  some  way  injured  her  thumb,  on  enter 
ing  his  room,  merely  thrust  it  out  towards  him,  with — "  My 
thumb,  sir  !"  •"  You,  madam,"  said  he,  "  are  the  only  sen 
sible  woman  I  ever  had  for  a  patient." 

The  Duke  of  W ,  having  insisted  on  seeing  him  out 

of  his  usual  hours,  abruptly  entered  his  parlour  one  day ; 
he  asked  him  how  he  got  into  the  room.  "  By  the  door," 
was  the  reply.  "  Then,"  said  Abernethy,  "  I  recommend 
you  to  make  your  exit  by  the  same  way."  He  refused  to 
attend  George  the  Fourth  until  he  had  delivered  his  lecture 
at  the  hospital ;  in  consequence  of  which  he  lost  a  royal 
appointment. 

On  Abernethy's  receiving  the  appointment  of  Professor 
of  Anatomy  and  Surgery  to  the  Royal  College  of  Physi 
cians,  a  professional  friend  observed  to  him  that  they 
should  have  something  new.  "What  do  you  mean?" 
asked  Abernethy.  "  Why,"  said  the  other,  "  of  course  you 
will  brush  up  the  lectures  which  you  have  been  so  long  de 
livering  at  St.  Bartholomew's  Hospital,  and  let  us  have 
them  in  an  improved  form."  "  Do  you  take  me  for  a  fool 
or  a  knave  ?"  rejoined  Abernethy.  "  I  have  always  given 
the  students  at  the  hospital  that  to  which  they  were  enti 
tled — the  best  produce  of  my  mind.  If  I  could  have  made 
my  lectures  to  them  better,  I  would  certainly  have  made 
them  so.  I  will  give  the  College  of  Surgeons  precisely  the 
same  lectures,  down  to  the  smallest  details ;  nay,  I  will  tell 
the  old  fellows  how  to  make  a  poultice."  Soon  after,  when 
he  was  lecturing  to  the  students  at  St.  Bartholomew's,  and 
adverting  to  the  College  of  Surgeons,  he  chucklingly  ex 
claimed,  "  I  told  the  big  wigs  how  to  make  a  poultice." 
It  is  said,  by  those  who  have  seen  it,  that  Dr.  Abernethy's 
explanation  of  the  art  of  making  a  poultice  was  irresisti 
bly  entertaining.  His  hobby  retained  full  possession  of 
his  mind  to  the  end  of  his  life.  He  attributed,  as  we  have 
seen,  his  disease  in  a  great  measure  to  the  stomach.  He 
said,  "  It  is  all  stomach  :  we  use  our  stomach  ill  when  we 
are  young,  and  it  uses  us  ill  when  we  are  old." 

He  wrote  for  Dr.  Rees's  Cyclopaedia  the  anatomical  and 
physiological  articles,  from  the  letter  A  to  the  word  Canal ; 
of  which  that  on  Artery  is  considered  the  most  important. 
— Georgian  Era  ;  "Physic  and  Physicians." 


The  following  is  a  list  of  his  works : — 1.  Surgical  and 
Physiological  Essays,  London,  1793-97,  three  parts.  2. 
Surgical  Observations,  containing  a  Classification  of  Tu 
mours,  with  cases  to  illustrate  the  History  of  each  Species. 
An  account  of  Diseases  which  strikingly  resemble  the  Ve 
nereal  Disease,  and  various  Cases  illustrative  of  different 
Surgical  Subjects,  London,  1804.  3.  Surgical  Observa 
tions,  Part  Second,  containing  an  Account  of  the  Disorders 
of  the  Health  in  general,  and  of  the  Digestive  Organs  in 
particular,  which  accompany  Local  Diseases,  and  obstruct 
their  cure.  Observations  on  the  diseases  of  the  Urethra, 
particularly  of  that  part  which  is  surrounded  by  the  Pros 
tate  Gland :  and  observations  relative  to  the  Treatment 
of  one  species  of  the  Nsevi  Maternse,  London,  1806,  1816. 
The  four  following  articles  may  be  considered  as  an  en 
larged  edition  of  this  and  the  preceding :  4.  Surgical  Ob 
servations  on  the  Constitutional  Origin  and  Treatment  of 
Local  Diseases,  and  on  Aneurisms,  London,  1809 ;  third 
edition,  1813.  5.  Surgical  Observations,  Part  Second, 
containing  Observations  on  the  Origin  and  Treatment  of 
Pseudo-syphilitic  Diseases,  and  on  Diseases  of  the  Urethra, 
London,  1810.  6.  Surgical  Observations  on  Injuries  of 
the  Head,  and  other  Miscellaneous  Subjects,  London,  1810. 
7.  Surgical  Observations  on  Tumours,  and  on  Lumbar  Ab 
scess,  London,  1811.  This  and  the  preceding  are  intended 
to  form  two  volumes.  8.  An  Inquiry  into  the  Probability 
and  Rationality  of  Mr.  Hunter's  Theory  of  Life,  being  the 
subject  of  the  first  two  Anatomical  Lectures  before  the 
Royal  College  of  Surgeons,  London,  1814.  9.  The  Intro 
ductory  Lecture  for  the  year  1815,  exhibiting  some  of  Mr. 
Hunter's  Opinions  respecting  Diseases;  delivered  before 
the  Royal  College  of  Surgeons,  London,  1815.  10.  Phy 
siological  Lectures,  1817.  Surgical  Works,  anew  edition, 
1815.  11.  An  Account  of  a  singular  Disease  in  the  Upper 
Maxillary  Sinus.  Trans.  Med.  et  Chir.  2p.  309,  1800.  12. 
Account  of  Two  Instances  of  Uncommon  Formations  in 
the  Viscera  of  the  Human  Body.  Phil.  Trans.,  1793,  Abr. 
18p.  295.  13.  Observations  on  the  Foramen  Thebesii  of 
the  Heart.  Phil.  Trans.,  1798,  Abr.  18p.  287.  14.  Some 
Particulars  in  the  Anatomy  of  the  Whale.  Phil.  Trans. 
IV.  1796,  Abr.  18p.  675.  The  celebrated  "My  Book,"  to 
which  he  was  so  fond  of  referring  his  patients,  was  the 
"  Surgical  Observations,  <fcc."  (See  Nos.  2  and  3  above.)  He 
thus  addresses  a  patient,  "  Well,  sir,  as  to  the  question  of 
diet,  I  must  refer  you  to  my  book.  There  are  only  about 
a  dozen  pages,  in  which  you  will  find  (beginning  at  page 
73)  all  that  is  necessary  for  you  to  know.  I  am  christened 
'  Doctor  My-Book,'  and  satirized  under  that  name  all  over 
England ;  but  who  would  sit  and  listen  to  a  long  lecture 
of  twelve  pages,  or  remember  one-half  of  it  when  it  is 
done  ?  So  I  have  reduced  my  directions  into  writing,  and 
there  they  are,  for  anybody  to  follow,  if  they  please." 

The  reader  should  procure  Mr.  George  Macilwain's  Me 
moirs  of  John  Abernethy,  with  a  view  of  his  Writings, 
Lectures,  and  Character,  London,  2  vols.,  p.  8vo.  1853. 

"  Abernethy's  memory  is  worthy  of  a  good  biographer,  and  hap 
pily  it  has  found  one.  Mr.  Macilwain  writes  well;  and,  evidently, 
in  giving  the  history  of  his  deceased  friend  he  executed  a  labour 
of  love." — London  Standard. 

'Abingdon,  Earl  of.     See  BERTIE,  WILLOUGHBY. 
Abingdon, or  Abiugton,  or  Habington,  Thomas. 

Antiquities  of  the  Cathedral  Churches  of  Chichester  and 
Litchfield,  London,  1717.  Reprinted  under  the  title  of 
Antiquities  of  the  Cathedral  Church  of  Worcester,  to  -which 
are  added  the  Antiquities  of  the  Cathedrals  of  Chichester 
and  Litchfield,  London,  1723. 

Abington,  William.    See  HABINGTON. 

Able  or  Abel,  Thomas,  an  English  divine,  executed 
at  Smithfield,  temp.  Henry  VIII.,  1540.  The  title  which 
follows  sufficiently  explains  the  offence  given  to  the  king  ; 
to  which  Able  added  the  still  further  provocation  of  'de 
nying  the  king's  supremacy  in  matters  ecclesiastical: 
1.  Tractatus  de  non  dissolvendo  Henrici  et  Catherine 
matrimonio,  Invicta  Veritas.  An  Answer  that  by  no  man 
ner  of  means  it  may  be  lawful  for  the  King  to  be  divorced 
from  the  Queen's  Grace,  his  lawful  Wife.  The  king  did 
not,  as  in  the  case  of  Luther,  attempt  to  confute  Dr.  Able 
by  polemical  arguments,  but  this  being  a  question  where 
the  sword  was  likely  to  be  more  powerful  than  the  pen, 
his  majesty  brought  into  requisition  a  logic  which  has 
never  failed  to  silence — if  not  convince.  Dr.  Abie's  rea 
soning  may  have  been  perfect,  but  he  argued  at  a  disad 
vantage.  Between  a  syllogism  and  an  axe  the  contest  is 
unequal.  The  king  gained  his  point,  for  he  was  divorced, 
and  remarried;  while  good  Dr.  Able  sealed  his  testimony 
at  Smithfield. 

Abrabahel,  Solomon.  Complaints  of  the  Children 
of  Israel,  <fec.,  London,  1736.  This  refers  to  the  Test  Act. 


ABR 


ADA 


Abraham,  J.  H..  Juvenile  Essays,  <fcc.,  London,  1806. 

Acca,  died  740.  In  the  course  of  his  numerous  writ 
ings,  Bede  introduces  the  names  of  several  of  his  literary 
friends,  most  of  whom,  as  we  learn  from  other  sources, 
were  eminently  distinguished  for  their  learning  and  virtues. 

Many  of  the  most  important  of  his  commentaries  on  the 
Scriptures  were  composed  at  the  desire  of  Acca,  Bishop 
of  Hexham,  and  dedicated  to  that  prelate.  Acca  was  a 
man  of  considerable  learning,  and  great  piety ;  he  had  re 
ceived  his  first  instructions  among  the  congregation  of 
scholars  assembled  around  Bishop  Bosa,  and  he  quitted 
their  society  to  place  himself  under  Wilfred,  who  ordained 
him  a  presbyter.  He  continued  to  be  one  of  Wilfred's 
most  faithful  followers  until  his  death,  accompanied  him 
on  his  last  journey  to  Rome,  (where  he  finished  his  studies,) 
and  was  chosen  to  succeed  him  in  the  see  of  Hexham. 
Bede  describes  the  zeal  with  which  he  laboured  to  adorn 
and  enlarge  his  church,  and  to  enrich  it  with  "  a  most 
ample  and  noble  library."  In  731,  when  Bede  completed 
his  history,  Acca  is  mentioned  as  still  holding  the  bishop 
ric  of  Hexham ;  but  soon  afterwards,  in  732  or  733,  he  was 
driven  from  it  for  some  cause  now  unknown.  He  seems 
to  have  retired  to  Whitern,  (Candida  Casa,)  where  he  re 
mained  a  few  years.  The  date  of  his  death  is  uncertain ; 
but  the  best  authorities  place  it  on  the  twentieth  of  Oc 
tober,  740,  when  his  body  was  carried  to  Hexham,  to  be 
hurled  in  the  church  which  owed  to  him  so  much  of  its 
beauty.  Bale  and  Pits  have  so  far  misunderstood  the 
words  of  Bede,  as  to  attribute  to  Acca  a  collection  of  lives 
of  the  saints  whose  relics  were  deposited  in  the  church  of 
Hexham,  and  a  treatise,  "  De  ecclesiasticis  sui  chori  offi- 
ciis."  On  the  same  authority  also,  Leyser  places  the  name 
of  Acca  in  the  list  of  mediaeval  Latin  poets.  Leland  speaks 
as  having  seen  a  collection  of  his  letters,  one  of  which, 
addressed  to  Bede,  is  still  preserved,  in  which  he  urges 
that  scholar  to  devote  his  learning  to  the  illustration  of 
the  Scriptures. — Abbreviated  from  Wright's  JB  log.  Brit.  Lit. 

Accum,  Frederick,  1769-1838,  born  at  Westphalia, 
teacher  of  practical  chemistry,  pharmacy,  and  mineralogy, 
London.  1.  System  of  Theoretical  and  Practical  Che 
mistry,  plates,  2  vols.,  1803.  2.  A  Practical  Essay  on  the 
Analysis  of  Minerals,  exemplifying  the  best  methods  of 
analyzing  ores,  earths,  stones,  inflammable  fossils,  and  mi 
neral  substances  in  general,  1804.  3.  A  Manual  of  Ana 
lytical  Mineralogy,  intended  to  facilitate  the  Practical 
Analysis  of  minerals,  2  vols.,  1808.  4.  A  Practical  Trea 
tise  on  Gas-lights,  exhibiting  a  summary  Description  of  the 
Apparatus  and  Machinery  best  calculated  for  illuminating 
streets,  houses,  and  manufactories,  illustrated  with  seven 
coloured  plates,  1815.  5.  Chemical  Recreations.  6.  A 
Practical  Essay,  or  Chemical  Re-agents,  or  Tests,  illus 
trated  by  a  series  of  experiments,  1816.  7.  Chemical 
Amusements,  comprising  a  series  of  curi-us  and  instructive 
Experiments  in  Chemistry,  1817.  In  addition  to  these 
works,  Mr.  Accum  was  the  author  of  many  contributions 
to  Nicholson's  Journal. 

Achard.     Remarks  on  Swallows,  Ac.,  Phil.  Trans. 

Achard.     Treatises  on  Chemistry,  1784. 

Achard,  F.  C.    Cultivation  of  the  Beet;  Phil.  Trans. 

Acherley,  Roger.  1.  Britannic  Constitution;  or, 
The  Fundamental  Form  of  Government  in  Britain,  demon 
strating  the  original  contract  entered  into  by  the  King  and 
People,  Lon.,  1727.  2.  The  Free  Parliament,  1731,  8vo.  3. 
Reasons  for  Uniformity  in  the  State :  being  a  Supplement 
to  the  Britannic  Constitution,  1780,  8vo. 

Achesone,  James.     Military  Garden,  Edin.,  1629. 

Ackin,  Joseph.     Mysteries  of  Counterfeiting,  1696. 

Ackland,  J.     True  Patriotism,  1818. 

Ackland,  J.,  a  political  economist.  An  Answer  to  a 
Pamphlet  published  by  Edward  King,  Esq.,  in  which  he  at 
tempts  to  prove  the  Public  Utility  of  the  National  Debt;  a 
confutation  of  that  pernicious  doctrine,  and  a  true  state 
ment  of  the  real  cause  of  the  present  high  price  of  pro 
visions,  1796. 

Ackland,  Thomas  Gilbank,  of  St.  John's  College, 
Cambridge,  author  of  Miscellaneous  Poems,  1812.  Two 
Sermons,  published  1789,  1813. 

Ackworth,  George,  LL.D,  an  English  divine  and 
civilian,  temp.  Queen  Mary.  He  assisted  Archbishop 
Parker  in  his  Antiquitates  Britannicae,  and  wrote  against 
the  Roman  Catholic  Church.  His  works  were  published, 
1562,  1573,  1577. 

Acland,  Hugh  Dyke.  A  Brief  sketch  of  the  History 
and  Present  Situation  of  the  Vaudois,  1825. 

Acres,  Joseph.  Author  of  sundry  sermons,  London. 
1714-23. 

Acryse,  L.  Church  Catechism  explained,  Lond.,  1702. 

Acton,  E.  de.     Published  sundry  novels,  1803-10. 
34 


Acton.     Fruit  from  Canaan,  London,  1709. 

Acton,  George.  Medical  writer,  published  London, 
1668-70. 

Acton,  Henry.  Six  Lectures  on  the  Dignity,  Office, 
and  Work  of  our  Lord  Jesus  Christ.  In  explanation  of 
Unitarian  views  of  the  Gospel,  12ruo.,  London,  1830. 

Acton,  J.     Contributor  to  Nich.  Journal. 

Acton,  S.     Published  sundry  sermons,  1714—17. 

Acton,  T.  Herman,  of  the  Middle  Temple.  Reports 
of  cases  argued  and  determined  before  the  Commissioners 
of  Appeals  in  prize  causes ;  also,  an  appeal  to  the  king  in 
Council,  concerning  the  judgments  in  June,  1809,  vol.  i., 
part  i.,  1809;  vol.  i.,  part  ii.,  1811. 

Acton,  W.    A  new  Journal  of  Italy,  Lond.  1691,1794. 

Acton,  William,  late  Surgeon  at  Islington  Dispensary. 
Diseases  of  the  Urinary  and  Generative  Organs  in  both 
Sexes:  Non-Specific  Diseases ;  Syphilis,  Lon.,  8vo;  2d  ed. 

Aculeus.     Letters  on  the  Cow-Pox,  1805. 

Adair.  A  Sketch  of  the  Character  of  the  late  Duke 
of  Devonshire,  London,  1811. 

Adair,  James,  died  1798,  Sergeant-at-Law,  M.P. 

1.  Thoughts  on  the  Dismission  of  Officers  for  their  con 
duct  in  Parliament,  1764.  2.  Observations  on  the  Power 
of  Alienation  in  the  Crown,  1768.  3.  Discussions  of  the 
Law  of  Libels,  1785. 

Adair,  James,  a  trader  and  resident  among  the 
North  American  Indians  for  40  years.  He  published  the 
History  of  the  American  Indians,  particularly  those  na 
tions  adjoining  the  Mississippi,  East  and  West  Florida, 
South  Carolina,  Georgia,  and  Virginia,  London,  1775. 
Mr.  Adair  espouses  the  opinion  that  the  North  American 
Indians  are  descended  from  the  Hebrews. 

Adair,  James  Makittrick,  M.D.,  1728-1802,  was 
born  at  Inverness.  He  resided  for  some  time  in  the  West 
Indies,  and  took  much  interest  in  the  exciting  question 
of  the  Abolition  of  Slavery.  His  kindness  to  the  slaves 
was  so  marked  as  to  gain  their  warmest  affections.  He 
was  a  most  determined  opponent  of  quackery,  and  thereby 
became  involved  in  many  controversies.  Philip  Thick- 
nesse  and  Adair,  either  no  mean  hand  at  a  quarrel,  took 
up  the  cudgels  against  each  other.  He  wrote  a  number 
of  medical  and  miscellaneous  works. 

Adair,  John.     A  hydrographer;  pub.  1688-1703. 

Adair,  Robert,  M.P.     A  poetical  writer,  1796-1802. 

Adair,  W.  James.  A  lawyer  and  native  of  London, 
author  of  several  legal  treatises,  1764-1785. 

Adair,  William.     A  medical  writer,  1793. 

Adalard  is  only  known  as  one  of  the  early  biogra 
phers  of  Dunstan,  who  probably  brought  him  over  from 
Ghent,  as  he  states  that  he  was  a  monk  of  the  same 
monastery  in  which  Dunstan  had  found  an  asylum  during 
his  exile.  He  dedicated  his  Life  of  Dunstan  to  Archbishop 
Alfheh,  at  whose  desire  it  was  written,  and  who  was 
raised  to  the  see  of  Canterbury  in  1006.  Adalard's  Life 
of  Dunstan  is  called  in  some  manuscripts  an  "Eulogium;" 
it  is,  in  fact,  rather  a  commemorative  sermon  than  a  his 
tory,  and  is  written  in  a  declamatory  style. —  Wright's 
Biog.  Brit.  Lit. 

Adam,  Alexander,  LL.D.,  1741-1809,  Rector  of 
the  High  School  of  Edinburgh.  An  excellent  scholar,  as 
his  works  on  Ancient  Geography  and  on  Roman  Antiqui 
ties  sufficiently  prove.  The  Summary  of  Geography  and 
History  was  first  published,  Edinburgh,  1784.  Roman  An 
tiquities,  Edinburgh,  1791.  The  latter  work  is  preferred 
to  Dr.  Kennet's  on  the  same  subject. 

Adam,  Archibald,  M.D.  Medical  contributor  to 
Phil.  Trans. 

Adam,  Dean.     A  Funeral  Sermon,  1766. 

Adam,  or  Adams,  James.  Practical  Essays  on 
Agriculture,  London,  1789,  2  vols.,  and  1794,  2  vols. 

Adam,  John.  A  writer  on  Mathematics,  London, 
1794,  Ac. 

Adam,  Robert,  1728-1792,  an  architect  of  much 
note.  His  father,  also  an  architect,  sent  him  to  the  Uni 
versity  of  Edinburgh,  where  he  made  the  acquaintance  of 
Hume,  Robertson,  Ac.  He  went  to  Italy,  and  profited  by 
his  diligent  observation.  Desirous  of  obtaining  a  know 
ledge  of  the  habitations  of  the  ancients,  in  1757  he 
visited,  with  M.  Clerisseau,  the  ruins  of  Dioclesian's 
palace  at  Spalatro.  The  result  of  this  visit  was  given  to 
the  world  in  1764,  in  Ruins  of  the  Palace  of  the  Emperor 
Dioclesian,  at  Spalatro,  in  Dalmatia,  illustrated  with  71 
plates.  In  1762  he  received  the  appointment  of  Architect 
to  their  Majesties.  In  conjunction  with  his  brother,  Mr. 
James  Adam,  he  published  several  numbers  of  a  book  en 
titled  The  Works  in  Architecture  of  R.  and  J.  Adam. 
These  contain  descriptions  of  Sion-house,  Caen-Wood, 
Lecton  Park-house,  and  some  edifices  at  Whitehall,  Edin- 


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burgh,  Ac.,  4  parts,  1773-76.  His  buildings  in  Edin 
burgh  and  Glasgow  have  been  much  commended.  The 
Adelphi  and  Portland  Place  in  London  are  specimens  of 
the  taste  of  Mr.  R.  Adam.  In  the  former  he  was  assisted 
by  his  brother  James,  who  died  in  1794. 

Adam,  Robert,  B.A.,  Minister  of  the  Episcopal  con 
gregation,  Blackfriars  Wynd,  Edinburgh.  The  Religious 
World  Displayed,  <fcc.,  Edinburgh,  1809. 

"Generally  correct  and  candid,  though  with  a  natural  leaning 
to  the  Episcopal  Church  of  Scotland,  of  which  the  author  was  a 
member." — Evangelical  Magazine, 

Adam  Scotus,  or  the  Scotchman,  died  1180,  was  a 
monk  of  the  order  of  Premontre,  and  a  famous  Sorbonne 
doctor.  He  wrote  the  Life  of  David  I.  of  Scotland,  who 
died  1153.  Many  of  his  works  are  still  in  MS.  A  selec 
tion  was  printed  in  Antwerp  in  1659. 

Adam  De  Marisco,  (of  the  Marsh,)  date  of  birth 
and  death  unknown.  Born  in  Somersetshire,  England; 
studied  at  Oxford,  and  became  famous  for  his  learning. 
He  was  a  friend  of  Robert  Grossteste  and  Roger  Bacon. 
Many  of  his  works  exist  in  MS.  A  copy  of  his  letters, 
very  curious  and  interesting,  is  in  the  British  Museum. 

Adam  of  Murimouth,  an  English  historian  of  the 
fourteenth  century,  was  educated  at  Oxford,  and  after 
wards  a  canon  of  St.  Paul's,  London.  His  history  com 
prehends  only  a  portion  of  the  fourteenth  century. 

"  It  was  printed  at  Oxford  in  1722,  by  Anthony  Hall :  and  a 
small  portion  was  edited  by  Thomas  Hearne,  who  was  ignorant  of 
its  author,  and  gave  it  anonymously  in  the  appendix  to  the  His 
tory  of  Walter  Hemingford,  printed  at  Oxford  in  1731."— dose's 
Biog.  Die. 

Adam,  Thomas,  1701-1784,  born  at  Leeds,  was  for 
58  years  the  rector  of  Wintringham,  Lincolnshire.  No 
offers  of  preferment  could  induce  him  to  relinquish  his 
charge.  He  was  the  author  of  a  number  of  religious 
works.  The  Exposition  of  St.  Matthew's  Gospel  was 
published  in  1805,  and  in  1837  the  Rev.  A.  Westoby  added 
to  the  above  the  notes  on  St.  Mark,  St.  Luke,  and  St. 
John,  and  prefixed  to  the  work  a  life  of  the  author. 

"  Perhaps  few  were  better  fitted  to  write  a  practical  experimental 
commentary  on  any  part  of  the  Scriptures  than  this  author,  whose 
pregnant  briefness  of  remark,  and  deep  acquaintance  with  experi 
mental  religion,  would  preserve  him  from  prolixity,  and  enable 
him  to  present  the  most  useful  view  of  the  subject  to  the  mind. 
The  present  posthumous  work  will  be  found  characterized  by  all 
the  best  peculiarities  of  the  author." — Record. 

The  Rev.  Thomas  Hartwell  Home,  a  most  competent 
judge  in  the  premises,  gives  this  high  character  to  "  The 
Exposition :" 

"  Brevity  of  remark,  fervent  piety,  and  intimate  acquaintance 
with  the  human  heart,  characterize  this  Exposition  of  the  Four 
Gospels." 

"  Such  a  writer  as  Mr.  Adam  takes  us  out  of  our  ordinary  track 
of  reading  and  reflection,  and  shows  us  ourselves.  He  scrutinizes 
the  whole  soul,  dissipates  the  false  glare  which  is  apt  to  mislead 
the  judgment;  exposes  the  imperfections  of  what  is  apparently 
most  pure  and  inviting ;  and  thus  teaches  us  to  make  our  religion 
more  and  more  spiritual,  holy,  solid,  practical,  humble,  and  sin 
cere." — REV.  DANIEL  WILSOX. 

"This  work  has  been  justly  pronounced  a  masterly  and  excel 
lent  exposition." 

Adam,  William,  Esq.,  Chancellor  and  Keeper  of  the 
Great  Seal.  The  Correspondence  between  Mr.  Adam  and 
Mr.  Bowles  respecting  the  Duke  of  Bedford,  London, 
1794.  A  number  of  Mr.  Adam's  speeches  in  the  House 
of  Commons  have  been  published. 

Ada  in  11  a  n  is  supposed  to  have  been  a  native  of  Ire 
land,  but  the  date  of  his  birth  is  not  known. 

Editions  of  Adamnan's  works : — 1.  Canisii  Antiques 
Lectiones,  4to,  1601,  torn.  iv.  Edward  Basnage,  fol.  Ant 
werp,  1725,  torn,  i.,  p.  678.  The  Life  of  St.  Columba.  2. 
Adamanni  Scotohiberni  Abbatis  celeberrimi,  de  Situ  Terrae 
Sanctae,  et  quorundam  aliorum  locorum  ut  Alexandriae  et 
Constantinopoleos,  Libri  tres.  Ante  annos  nongentos  et 
amplius  conscripti,  et  nunc  primum  in  lucem  prolati, 
studio  Jacobi  Gretseri  Societatis  Jesu  Theologi.  Accessit 
eorundem  librorum  Breviarium,  seu  Compendium,  brevia- 
tore  venerabili  Beda  Presbytero,  cum  prolegomenis  et 
notis.  Small  Quarto,  Ingolstadt,  1619.  3.  Messingham, 
Florilegium  Insulse  Sanctorum  seu  Vitae  et  Acta  Sancto 
rum  Hiberniae,  fol.,  Paris,  1624,  p.  141.  The  life  of  St. 
Columba,  reprinted  from  Canisius,  who  edited  it  from  a 
MS.  at  Windberg,  in  Bavaria.  4.  Colgan,  Triadis  Thau- 
maturgae  seu  Divorum  Patricii,  Columbae,  et  Brigidae, 
trium  veteris  et  majoris  Scotise,  seu  Hiberniae  Sanctorum 
insulae,  communium  patronorum  Acta,  fol.,  Lovanii,  1647, 
torn,  ii.,  p.  336.  The  Life  of  Columba,  from  a  MS.  at 
Augst,  exhibiting  a  more  complete  and  better  text  than 
that  of  Canisius.  5.  Acta  Sanctorum  Ordinis  S.  Bene- 
dicti.  Saeculum  III.,  pars  secunda,  fol.,  Paris,  1672. 
The  treatise  De  Locis  Sanctis,  from  Gretser's  edition,  com- 


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pared  with  three  MSS.  6.  Acta  Sanctorum  Junii,  torn,  ii., 
fol.,  Antverpiie,  1698,  p.  197.  The  Life  of  Columba,  re 
printed  from  Colgan.  Abbreviated  from  Wright's  Biog. 

Adams,  Abigail,  wife  of  John  Adams,  second  Presi 
dent  of  the  United  States  of  America,  and  mother  of  John 
Quincy  Adams,  sixth  President  of  the  United  States.  Her 
grandson,  Charles  Francis  Adams,  q.  v.,  has  published  a 
collection  of  her  Letters ;  fourth  edition,  Bost.,  1848, 12mo. 

Adams,  Amos,  1727-75,  minister  at  Roxbury,  Massa- 
husetts,  was  graduated  at  Harvard  College,  1752.  He 
published  a  number  of  sermons,  1756-69.  In  two  dis- 
jourses  on  the  General  Fast,  April  6,  1769,  he  gave  A 
Concise  Historical  View  of  the  Difficulties,  Hardships, 
and  Perils,  which  attended  the  planting  and  progressive 
mprovement  of  New  England,  with  a  particular  Account 
of  its  long  and  destructive  Wars,  expensive  Expeditions, 
<fec. ;  republished  in  London,  1770. 

Adams,  C.  Edgar  Clifton,  16mo,  1854;  Boys  at 
Home,  16mo,  New  York,  1854. 

Adams,  Charles  B.,  1814-1853,  an  American  natural 
ist,  has  published  a  number  of  papers  on  Conchology. 
Catalogue  of  Shells  collected  at  Panama,  New  York,  1852, 
4to  and  8vo. 

Adams,  Charles  Francis,  son  of  John  Quincy 
Adams,  born  1807,  Boston,  Massachusetts.  Editor  "Let 
ters  of  Mrs.  Adams,"  fourth  edition,  1848.  Ed.  "  Letters 
of  John  Adams,  addressed  to  his  Wife."  Ed.  "Life  and 
Works  of  John  Adams,"  10  vols.,  8vo.  Mr.  Adams  has 
rendered  great  service  to  American  literature,  in  the  pre 
paration  of  the  voluminous  and  highly-important  works 
of  his  grandfather. 

Adams,  Eliphalet,  1676-1753,  a  minister  of  New 
London,  Connecticut,  published  sundry  sermons,  1709-27. 

Adams,  Francis.  Plans  for  raising  the  Taxes. 
London,  1798. 

Adams,  Francis.    Writing  Tables,  1594. 

Adams,  George.     Several  religious  works,  Lon. 

Adams,  George,  father  and  son.  Lectures,  Lon., 
1794,  5  vols.  8vo ;  new  ed.,  enlarged  by  William  Jones, 
1799,  5  vols.  8vo.  Various  treatises  on  mathematical  in 
struments,  <fec.,  Lon.,  1747-95. 

Adams,  George.  New  System  of  Agriculture  and 
Feeding  Stock,  Lon.,  1810. 

Adams,  Hannah,  1755-1832,  b.  at  Medfield,  Mass. 
Believing  that  a  work  upon  a  comprehensive  plan  which 
should  give  the  history  of  the  various  religions  of  the  world 
was  much  wanted,  she  undertook  to  compile  one, — which 
was  published  under  the  title  of  View  of  Religion,  in  three 
parts :  Part  1,  containing  An  Alphabetical  Compendium 
of  the  Denominations  among  Christians ;  2,  A  Brief  Ac 
count  of  Paganism,  Mohammedanism,  Judaism,  and  Deism ; 
3,  An  Account  of  the  Religion  of  the  Different  Nations  of 
the  World.  She  also  wrote :  2.  A  History  of  New  England. 
3.  The  Evidences  of  Christianity. 

Adams,  H.  C.  1.  New  Greek  Delectus,  Lon.,  12mo; 
new  ed.,  1857.  2.  Greek  Text  of  the  Gospels,  p.  8vo.  3. 
Latin  Delectus,  12mo.  4.  First  of  June,  1856,  12mo.  5. 
Greek  Exercises.  6.  Sivan  the  Sleeper,  1857, 12mo 

Adams,  H.  G.  1.  British  Butterflies,  Lon.,  16mo  2. 
Poetical  Quotations,  12mo.  3.  Sacred  Poetical  Quotations, 
12mo.  4.  Favourite  Song  Birds ;  2d  ed.,  1855,  12mo.  5. 
Kentish  Coronal,  12mo.  6.  Nests  and  Eggs  of  British 
Birds;  1st  and  2d  Series,  16mo.  7.  Story  of  the  Seasons ; 
2d  ed.,  1855.  Other  works. 

Adams,  or  Adam,  James.  Practical  Essays  on 
Agriculture,  Lon.,  1789,  2  vols.;  1794. 

Adams,  James.  The  Pronunciation  of  the  English 
Language  vindicated  from  imputed  Anomaly  and  Caprice, 
Edin.,  1799;  and  other  works. 

Adams,  John.  1.  Index  Villaris;  or,  An  Exact  Register, 
alphabetically  digested,  of  all  the  Cities,  <fec.  in  England 
and  Wales,  Lon.,  1680,  '88,  1700.  2.  The  Renowned  City  of 
London  surveyed  and  illustrated  in  a  Latin  poem ;  trans 
lated  into  English  by  W.  F.,  of  Gray's  Inn,  Lon.,  1670. 
Reprinted  in  vol.  x.  of  the  Harleian  Miscellany. 

Adams,  John,  d.  1719,  Provost  of  King's  College, 
a  native  of  London,  and  a  very  eloquent  preacher,  pub.  a 
number  of  serms.,  Lon.,  1700-16. 

Adams,  John.  The  Young  Sea-Officer's  Assistant, 
both  in  his  Examination  and  Voyage,  1773. 

Adams,  John,  Master  of  the  Academy  at  Pultney.  A 
View  of  Universal  History,  1795.  He  wrote  many  other 
useful  educational  works. 

Adams,  John.  Works  on  Horsemanship,  Lon.,  1799. 
Adams,  John.     The  Young  Ladies'  and  Gentlemen's 
Atlas,  Lon.,  1805. 

Adams,  John,  F.L.S.,  a  writer  on  Conchology,  1797- 
1800. 


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Adams,  John,  1704-1740,  son  of  John  Adams,  of  Nova 
Scotia,  graduated  at  Harvard  College,  1721.  A  volume  of 
his  poems  was  published  at  Boston,  1745.  He  is  stated  to 
have  been  the  "master  of  nine  languages,  and  conversant 
with  Greek,  Latin,  Italian,  French,  and  Spanish  authors." 
— Allen's  Amer.  Biog.  Diet. 

Adams,  John,  1735-1826,  second  President  of  the 
United  States  of  America,  was  born  at  Braintree,  Mass. 

"  His  father  determined  to  give  him  a  collegiate  education,  and 
placed  him  in  consequence  under  the  care  of  Mr.  Marsh,  that  he 
might  be  prepared  for  entrance  into  the  University  of  Cambridge. 
He  remained  in  that  institution  until  the  year  1755,  when  he  re 
ceived  his  Bachelor's  degree,  and,  in  1758,  that  of  Master  of  Arts." 

In  1765,  he  published  in  the  Boston  Gazette  several 
pieces,  which  were  reprinted  in  London,  in  1768,  by  Mr. 
Thos.  Hollis,  and  called  by  him  A  Dissertation  on  Canon 
and  Feudal  Law.  He  also  wrote  certain  pieces  for  the 
Boston  Gazette,  under  the  anonymous  signature  of  Nov- 
anglus,  which  were  inserted  in  Almon's  Remembrancer. 
These  papers  were  afterwards  collected  and  pub.  in  Lon 
don,  in  a  pamphlet  entitled  A  History  of  the  Quarrel  be 
tween  Great  Britain  and  the  American  Colonies;  A  Defence 
of  the  Constitutions  of  Government  of  the  United  States  of 
America  against  the  attack  of  Mr.  Turgot  in  his  letter  to 
Dr.  Price  dated  March  22, 1778,  Lon.,  1787,  '88.  This  work 
was  reprinted  by  Stockdale  in  1794,  who  prefixed  to  it  the 
title  of  History  of  the  Principal  Republics  of  the  "World. 

"  This  is  both  a  learned  and  a  judicious  work.  The  writings  of 
Mr.  Adams  are  less  known  in  this  country  than  their  merit  de 
mands." — Rose's  New  Biog.  Diet. 

Discourses  on  Davila:  a  Series  of  Papers  on  Political 
History,  by  an  American  Citizen,  Bost.,  1805.  This  work 
was  compiled  from  articles  in  the  Gazette  of  the  United 
States  written  by  Mr.  Adams  in  1790.  For  a  complete  list 
of  Mr.  Adams's  pamphlets,  Ac.,  see  Life  and  Works  of  John 
Adams,  second  President  of  the  United  States ;  edited  by 
his  grandson,  Charles  Francis  Adams,  lOvols.Svo,  1850-56. 

"  The  collection  is  edited  by  the  Hon.  Charles  Francis  Adams,  the 
depositary  of  all  the  manuscripts  as  well  of  John  Adams  as  of  his 
father,  the  late  John  Quincy  Adams,  and  is  intended  as  the  first  of 
two  great  publications  elucidating  the  history  of  the  rise  and 
progress  of  these  United  States  from  the  year  1761,  in  which  the 
Revolutionary  struggle  first  began,  down 'to  the  year  1848,  when 
the  younger  Adams  died." 

"  Of  the  writings  of  our  Revolutionary  worthies  none  have  been 
presented  to  the  public  with  so  much  ability,  care,  and  good  faith 
as  those  of  John  Adams.  The  main  portion  of  the  labor  devolved 
on  Charles  Francis  Adams,  who  has  devoted  to  it  several  years,  and 
has  set  an  example  of  thorough  research  and  sound  judgment 
which  cannot  be  too  highly  commended." — DR.  RUFUS  W.  GRISWOLD. 

"A  contribution  to  the  materials  of  American  history  not  second 
in  importance  and  interest  to  any  of  the  great  publications  with 
which  it  is  most  obviously  to  be  compared."— .ZV.  Amer.  Pev. 

Letters  to  his  Wife,  Bost,,  1841,  2  vols.  12mo.  See  ADAMS, 
CHARLES  FRANCIS. 

Mr.  Adams  and  Mr.  Jefferson,  by  a  remarkable  coinci 
dence,  expired  on  the  same  day,  July  4,  1826,  the  anni 
versary  of  American  Independence,  which  they  both  had 
so  large  a  share  in  promoting. 

Adams,  John.  1.  The  Doctrine  of  Equity:  being  a 
commentary  of  the  law  as  administered  by  the  Court  of 
Chancery,  Lon.,  8vo;  3d  Amer.  ed.,  with  the  Notes  and 
References  to  the  previous  ed.,  by  J.  R.  Ludlow  and  J.  M. 
Collins;  and  Additional  Notes  and  References  to  recent 
English  and  American  Decisions,  by  Henry  Wharton, 
Phila.,  1855,  8vo.  The  text-book  at  Cambridge  Law- 
School,  William  and  Mary  College,  Cincinnati  Law- 
School,  University  of  Virginia,  University  of  Mississippi, 
Ac.  See  COLLINS,  JOHN  M.  2.  Treatise  on  the  Principles 
and  Practice  of  the  Action  of  Ejectment,  Lon.,  8vo;  with 
Amer.  Notes  and  Precedents,  by  J.  L.  Tillinghast  and  T. 
W.  Clerke ;  with  Additional  Notes,  by  Wm.  Hogan  and  T. 
W.  Waterman,  N.  York,  1854,  8vo. 

Adams,  Captain  John*  Sketches  taken  during  two 
Voyages  to  Africa,  Ac.,  Lon.,  1833,  8vo. 

"  A  valuable  little  work." — LOWNDES. 

Adams,  John  Couch,  b.  1817,  Cornwall,  Eng.,  a  dis 
tinguished  astronomer,  contrib.  many  valuable  papers  to 
Mem.  Ast.  Soc.,  Phil.  Trans.,  Ac. 

Adams,  Rev.  John  Greenleaf,  b.  1810,  Portsmouth, 
New  Hampshire.  Practical  Hints  to  Universalists.  Chris 
tian  Victor.  Edited  and  contrib.  to  "  Our  Day ;  a  Gift  for 
the  Times."  Also,  in  connexion  with  Rev.  E.  H.  Chapin, 
The  Fountain,  a  Gift  for  Temperance ;  and  Hymns  for 
Christian  Devotion.  Editor  of  Gospel  Teacher,  Ac. 

Adams,  John  Quincy,  1767-1848,  sixth  President 
of  the  United  States,  was  b.  July  11,  at  Quincy,  Mass.,  son 
of  John  Adams,  second  President  of  the  U.  States.  At  the 
age  of  ten  he  accompanied  his  father  to  Europe,  and,  under 
his  eye,  prosecuted  his  studies  during  the  greater  part  of 
the  ensuing  ten  years,  being  part  of  the  time  at  school  in 


Leyden,  and  a  part  accompanying  Mr.  Dana  on  his 
mission  to  St.  Petersburg,  acting  as  Secretary  and  French 
interpreter.  Again  he  was  sent  to  Europe,  in  1795,  on  a 
public  mission  to  Holland.  From  thence  he  was  trans 
ferred  to  Berlin,  where  he  passed  four  years,  in  the  last  of 
which  he  made  a  journey  through  Silesia.  His  letters  were 
collected  by  Mr.  Asbury  Dickens  and  published  without 
authority  in  London  in  1804.  They  were  trans,  into  Ger 
man  by  F.  G.  Friese,  with  remarks  by  F.  A.  Zimmerman, 
and  pub.  at  Breslau,  1805;  trans,  into  French  by  J.  Dupuy, 
Paris,  1807.  Mr.  A.  trans,  the  work  of  Frederick  de  Gentz, 
entitled  The  Origin  and  Principles  of  the  American  Revo 
lution  compared  with  the  Origin  and  Principles  of  the 
French  Revolution,  Phila.,  8vo.  He  also  trans.  Wieland's 
Oberon,  MS.  Of  his  numerous  productions  the  principal 
are  A  Report  on  Weights  and  Measures  made  to  Congress, 
Wash.,  1818, 8vo;  Lectures  on  Rhetoric  and  Oratory,  Camb., 
2  vols.  8vo;  Derniot  McMorrogh,  an  Historical  Tale,  Bost., 
1832,  Svo;  Letters  on  the  Masonic  Institution,  1847,  8vo ; 
Eulogies  on  Madison,  (1836,)  Monroe,  (1831,)  and  La  Fa- 
yette,  (1834;)  Jubilee  of  the  Constitution,  N.  York,  1837. 
See  Memoir  of  the  Life  of  J.  Q.  Adams,  by  Josiah  Quinoy, 
LL.D.,  Bost.,  1858.  A  collective  ed.  of  Mr.  Adams's  works 
is  promised  by  his  son,  Charles  Francis  Adams. 

Adams,  Jonas,  a  writer  on  law,  1593. 

Adams,  Joseph,  M.D.,  1756-1818,  an  able  physician 
and  teacher  of  the  Institutes  and  Practice  of  Medicine.  He 
pub.  twelve  treatises,  Ac.  of  a  professional  nature,  Lon., 
1795-1816.  See  Life  of  John  Hunter. 

Adams,  Joseph,  of  N.  Hampshire,  1719-1783,  pub. 
some  serms.,  1757,  Ac. 

Adams,  Matthew,  d.  1753,  of  Boston,  Massachusetts, 
wrote  some  fugitive  essays.  Dr.  Benjamin  Franklin  ac 
knowledges  his  obligations  for  access  to  his  library. 

Adams,  Nehemiah,  D.D.,b.  1806,  Salern,  Mass.,  set 
tled  in  Boston.  1.  The  Baptized  Child.  2.  Remarks  on 
the  Unitarian  Belief.  3.  Life  of  John  Eliot.  4.  South- 
Side  View  of  Slavery,  12mo.  5.  Friends  of  Christ  in  the 
New  Testament,  1853.  6.  Christ  a  Friend.  7.  Communion- 
Sabbath.  8.  Agnes  and  the  Little  Key.  9.  Bertha  and 
her  Baptism.  10.  Assurance  of  Faith :  being  a  Sermon 
preached  before  the  Massachusetts  Convention  of  Congre 
gational  Ministers.  11.  Truths  for  the  Times:  a  Series  of 
Tracts.  12.  Catherine;  or,  The  Early  Saved,  1858.  Various 
pamphlet  sermons.  Contrib.  to  Spirit  of  Pilgrims,  Lit. 
Theol.  Rev.,  Bibliotheca  Sacra,  Ac. 

Adams,  Q.,  a  writer  on  Longitude,  Lon.,  1811. 

Adams,  R.N.,  D.D.  The  Opening  of  the  Scaled  Book 
of  the  Apocalypse  shown  to  be  a  Symbol  of  the  Future  Re- 
publication  of  the  Old  Testament,  Lon.,  1838.  See  Church 
of  Eng.  Quar.  Rev.,  Oct.  1838. 

Adams,  Rice,  a  theological  writer,  1708-1736. 

Adams,  Richard.  True  and  Terrible  Relation  from 
Maltravis,  in  Malaga,  Lon.,  1648. 

Adams,  Richard,  d.  1684,  a  Non-Conformist  divine, 
educated  at  Cambridge;  expelled  for  Non-Conformity,  1662. 
He  compiled  the  Notes  on  St.  Paul's  Epistles  to  the  Philip- 
pians  and  Colossians  in  Phole's  Bible,  and  assisted  his 
brother,  Thomas  Adams,  in  some  other  works. 

Adams,  Robert.  Expeditionis  Hispanorum  in  Ang- 
liam,  vera  Descriptio,  anno  1588,  Roberto  Adamo,  Au- 
thore,  1589. 

Adams,  Robert,  b.  Hudson,  N.  York.  Narrative  of 
Robert  Adams,  a  sailor,  who  was  wrecked  on  the  Western 
Coast  of  Africa  in  1810,  was  detained  three  years  in  slavery 
by  the  Arabs  of  the  Great  Desert,  and  resided  several  months 
in  the  city  of  Timbuctoo.  Pronounced  an  imposition  by  the 
N.  Amer.  Rev.,  vol.  v.,  1817. 

"  A  curious,  marvellous,  but  authentic  narrative." — LOWNDES. 

Adams,  S.     Elements  of  Reading,  Lon.,  1781. 

Adams,  Samuel,  D.D.,  pub.  some  serins.,  1716. 

Adams,  Samuel,  1722-1803,  Governor  of  Massa 
chusetts,  graduated  at  Harvard  College,  1740.  He  wrote 
a  number  of  political  essays. 

Adams,  Sarah  Flower,  d.  1848,  a  musical  composer; 
authoress  of  works  collected  under  the  title  of  Adoration, 
Aspiration,  and  Belief.  She  wrote  some  poetical  pieces  and 
criticisms. 

Adams,  T.     Democracy  Unveiled,  Lon.,  1811. 

Adams,  T.  History  of  the  Town  of  Shaftesbury,  1809. 

Adams,  Thomas.     Serm.  on  Rev.  xxii.  12,  1660. 

Adams,  Thomas,  a  theological  writer,  pub.  1613-33. 

Adams,  Thos.,  d.  1670,  wrote  in  opposition  to  the  Es 
tablished  Ch.  of  Eng.,  and  on  the  Principles  of  Religion. 

Adams,  Wm.  Complete  History  of  the  Civil  Wars  in 
Scotland,  1644-46;  2d  ed.,  Edin.,  1724. 

Adams,  Wm.  Fifteen  Occasional  Serms.,  Oxoa.,1716 


ADA 


ADD 


Adams,  Wm.    Vitruvius  Scoticus,  &c.,  Edin.  1750. 
Adams,  Wm.,    Surgeon,   London.      Disquisition   on 
the  Stone,  Gravel,  and  the  Diseases  of  the  Bladder,  Kid 
neys,  <fcc.,  London,  1773. 

Adams,  Wm.,  D.D.,  1707-1789,  Master  of  Pembroke, 
Oxford,  <fcc.,  author  of  a  number  of  sermons,  and  an  An 
swer  to  Hume's  very  absurd  Essay  on  Miracles.  Dr.  Adams 
was  a  valued  friend  of  Dr.  Johnson's.  Boswell  tells  us : 

"  We  then  went  to  Pembroke  College,  and  waited  on  his  old 
friend  Dr.  Adams,  the  master  of  it,  whom  I  found  to  be  a  most 
polite,  pleasing,  communicative  man.  He  had  distinguished  him 
self  by  an  able  answer  to  David  Hume's  '  Essay  on  Miracles.'  He 
told  me  he  had  once  dined  in  company  with  Hume  in  London ; 
that  Hume  shook  hands  with  him,  and  said,  '  You  have  treated 
me  much  better  than  I  deserve;'  and  that  they  exchanged  visits." 
Adams,  Wm.  Political  treatises,  1796-97. 
Adams,  Sir  Wm.,  Surgeon  and  Oculist  Extraordinary 
to  the  Prince  Regent.  Among  other  professional  works, 
this  eminent  oculist  has  published,  A  Practical  Inquiry 
into  the  Causes  of  the  frequent  Failure  of  the  Operations 
of  Depression,  and  of  the  Extraction  of  the  Cataract,  as 
usually  performed,  Ac.,  Lond.,  1817.  This  work  has  been 
commended  as  one  of  great  value  to  the  chirurgical  library. 
Adams,  William,  1814-1848,  Vicar  of  St.  Peter's, 
Oxford,  acquired  considerable  celebrity  as  a  writer  of  re 
ligious  works.  See  some  notices  of  his  life  in  A  Remem 
brancer  of  Bonchurch,  Isle  of  Wight,  the  burial-place  of 
the  Rev.  W.  Adams,  Lon.,  p.  Svo.  I.  Sacred  Allegories; 
2d  ed.,  1844,  12mo ;  3d  ed.,  1855,  cr.  8vo;  illustrated  by 
Foster,  1855,  sm.  4to  :  this  is  composed  of  Nos.  2,  3,  4,  and 
6.  2.  Shadow  of  the  Cross,  1842,  12mo ;  8th  ed.,  1849. 
3.  The  Old  Man's  Home;  8th  ed.,  1853,  12mo.  4.  Distant 
Hills;  4th  ed.,  1847,  12mo.  5.  The  Fall  of  Croesus,  1846, 
fp.  Svo.  6.  The  King's  Messengers,  1847,  12mo;  2d  ed., 
1852,  12mo.  7.  Warnings  of  the  Holy  Week  ;  3d  ed.,  1849, 
12ino;  4th  ed.,  1852,  12mo.  8.  Cherry-Stones ;  edited  by 
H.  C.  Adams,  1851,  fp.  Svo;  4th  ed.,  1855,  12rno. 

Adams,  Zabdiel,  1730-1801,  of  Massachusetts,  cousin 
to  John  Adams,  second  President  of  the  United  States  of 
America,  pub.  some  serms.,  1771-88. 

Adamson.     Poemata  Sacra,  <fec.,  Lon.,  1619. 
Adamson.     A  work  upon  Elect  Sinners,  Lon.,  1768. 
Adamson,  Henry.     Muses  Threnodie,  Edin.,  1638. 
Adamson,   John.      The   Muse's  Welcome  to  King 
James  VI.   at  his  return  to  Scotland,  anno  1617,  Edin., 
1618.    The  speeches  will  be  found  in  Nichols's  Progress  of 
King  James.     He  published  several  other  works. 

Adamson,  John,  M.A.,  Rector  of  Burton  Goggles. 
1.  The  Duty  and  Daily  Frequenting  of  the  Public  Service 
of  the  Church ;  a  Sermon  on  Matt.  xxi.  13,  1698.  2. 
Funeral  Serm.,  Rev.  xiv.  13,  1707. 

Adamson,  John,  1787-1855.  1.  Memoir  of  Camoens, 
1820.  2.  History,  Antiquities,  and  Literature  of  Portugal, 
vol.  i.,  1842,  Svo;  vol.  ii.,  1846,  Svo. 

Adamson,  M.  A  Friendly  Epistle  to  Neighbour  John 
Taylor,  of  Norwich,  Lon.,  n.  d. 

Adamson,  Patrick,  1543-1591,  Archbishop  of  St. 
Andrew's,  was  born  at  Perth.  He  wrote  a  number  of  theo 
logical  works  in  Latin. 

Adamsou,  W.     Contrib.  to  Phil.  Mag.,  i.  256,  1817. 
Adamthwaite,  John,  theological  writer,  Birming 
ham,  1771-78. 

Aday.     A  work  upon  Distilling,  Lon. 
Addams,  J.  Reports  of  Cases  determined  in  the  Eccle 
siastical  Courts,  1822-25,  2  vols.  Svo;  Lon.,  1823-25. 
Addenbrooke,  J.  Essay  on  Free-Thinking,  Lon.,  1714. 
Adderley,  Thomas,  Published  a  Sermon  on  Psalm 
cxxii.  6,  Cambridge,  1676. 

Addington,  A.,  M.D.  On  Sea-Scurvy,  &c.,  Lon.,  1753. 
Addington,  Rt.  Hon.  Henry,  (Lord  Sidmouth,) 
son  of  the  preceding.     Political  speeches,  <fcc.,  1799-1803. 
Addington,  John.     History  of  the  Cow-Pox,  1801. 
Addington,  Stephen,  1729-1796,  a  dissenting  minis 
ter,  a  native  of  Northampton,  a  pupil  of  the  celebrated  Dr. 
Doddridge.     He  was  a  schoolmaster  of  considerable  repute. 
He  wrote  a  number  of  educational  and  theological  works, 
1757-83. 

Addington,  Sir  Wm.,  Author  of  Abridgment  of 
Penal  Statutes,  <fec.,  London,  1775.  6th.  ed.  1812. 

Addison,  Alexander,  of  Pittsburg,  Pennsylvania, 
1759-1807.  Reports  of  Cases  in  County  Courts,  High  Court 
of  Errors  and  Appeals  in  Pennsylvania,  Washington,  1800, 
Obs.  on  Gallatin's  Speech,  1798;  Report  of  Committee, 
Virginia  Assembly,  1800. 

Addison,  Anthony,  Vicar  of  St.  Helen's,  Abington, 
Berkshire.  Sermon  on  Psalm  Ixviii.  28,  Oxford,  1704. 

Addison,  C.  G.  1.  Temple  Church,  Lon.,  1843.  2. 
Law  of  Contracts,  Lon.,  1846;  Phila.,  1847;  2d  ed.,  Lon.. 


1849,  2  vols.  r.  Svo.  3.  History  of  the  Knights  Templars, 
Svo.  4.  Journey  to  Damascus  and  Palmyra,  2  vols.  Svo. 
5.  Wrongs  and  their  Remedies,  Lon.  and  Phila.,  1857. 

Addison,  G.  H.,  1793-1815,  author  of  Indian  Re 
miniscences,  or  the  Bengal  Moofussul  Miscellany,  1837. 

Addison,  Joseph,  1672-1719,  one  of  the  most  emi 
nent  of  English  authors,  was  the  eldest  son  of  Lancelot 
Addison,  D.D.,  Dean  of  Lichfield,  the  author  of  some  theo 
logical  treatises  noticed  hereafter.  Joseph  was  born  at 
Milston,  near  Ambros-Bury,  Wiltshire,  May  1, 1672.  After 
passing  through  his  preliminary  studies  at  Amesbury  and 
Salisbury,  he  became  an  inmate  of  the  Charter-house, 
where  he  made  the  acquaintance  of  a  youth  who  subse 
quently  became  celebrated  as  his  associate,  and  an  im 
portant  literary  character : — the  names  of  Richard  Steele 
and  Joseph  Addison  have  become  so  closely  united,  that 
they  must  descend  in  unbroken  partnership  to  the  latest 
generations.  At  the  age  of  fifteen  he  was  entered  at  King's 
College,  Oxford,  where  his  father  had  preceded  him.  He 
here  applied  himself  with  such  diligence  to  classical  learn 
ing,  that  he  "acquired  an  elegant  Latin  style  before  he 
arrived  at  that  age  in  which  lads  usually  begin  to  write 
good  English."  The  excellence  of  his  Latin  poetry  soon 
made  him  famous  in  both  universities.  At  a  later  day 
these  fruits  of  early  scholarship  were  collected  and  pub 
lished  in  the  Musae  Anglicanae. 

"  Our  country  owes  it  to  him,  that  the  famous  Monsieur  Boileau 
first  conceived  an  opinion  of  the  English  genius  for  poetry,  by 
perusing  the  present  he  made  him  of  the  Musae  Anglicanae." — 
TICKELL:  Preface  to  Addison's  Works. 

When  about  twenty-two  years  of  age,  he  addressed  some 
verses  to  Dry  den,  commending  his  translations,  which 
were  highly  praised  by  the  most  eminent  judges,  and  were 
so  fortunate  as  to  elicit  the  plaudits  of  Dryden  himself.  A 
translation  of  the  greater  part  of  the  fourth  book  of  Vir 
gil's  Georgics,  confirmed  the  good  opinion  which  the  great 
poet  was  inclined  to  entertain  of  the  abilities  of  this  youth 
ful  follower.  The  excellent  critical  preface  to  Dryden's 
version  of  the  Georgics,  and  many  of  the  arguments,  were 
from  the  pen  of  the  new  aspirant  to  poetical  distinction. 
A  running  criticism  in  verse  on  some  of  the  principal 
English  poets,  addressed  to  Sacheverell,  and  some  other 
productions  of  merit,  still  further  increased  the  reputation 
of  the  author.  So  far,  all  was  most  encouraging;  but 
this  "fancied  life  in  others' breath,"  as  one  of  the  poets 
styles  Fame,  was  an  unsubstantial  dependence  for  the  every 
day  necessities  of  life.  At  this  juncture,  in  1695,  a  poem 
addressed  to  King  William,  on  one  of  his  campaigns,  de 
dicated  to  Lord  Keeper  Somers,  vsecured  the  favour  of  this 
nobleman,  and  a  pension  of  £300  per  annum.  About  this 
period  he  published  his  Latin  poems,  inscribed  to  another 
great  man  of  the  day,  Mr.  Montague,  the  Chancellor  of 
the  Exchequer,  afterwards  Lord  Halifax.  It  is  said  to  have 
been  chiefly  owing  to  the  discouragement  of  this  eminent 
statesman,  that  Addison  resigned  his  original  intention  of 
taking  holy  orders.  Other  accounts  represent  his  own 
humility  to  have  suggested  to  his  mind  distrust  of  his 
qualifications  and  fitness  for  a  position  so  sacred  and  re 
sponsible.  Whether  the  voice  of  ambition  at  this  season 
of  youthful  triumph  was  permitted  to  drown  the  pleadings 
of  conscience,  it  is  impossible  to  decide ;  but  there  appear 
to  us  to  be  many  intimations  in  the  future  writings  of  the 
lay  moralist,  that  the  convictions  of  religious  duty  ever 
remained  stronger  than  the  arguments  by  which  they  were 
overruled.  About  the  end  of  the  year  1699,  Addison  de 
termined  to  gratify  an  inclination  which  insufficient  means 
had  heretofore  obliged  him  to  postpone,  and  he  left  Eng 
land  on  a  visit  to  the  classic  soil  of  Italy.  Fortunately,  we 
are  not  left  to  conjecture  what  must  have  been  the  effects 
of  scenes  so  inspiring  upon  a  mind  so  well  educated  to  ap 
preciate  their  power.  In  his  remarks  on  several  parts  of 
Italy,  in  the  years  1701,  2,  3,  we  have  a  record  of  his  im 
pressions,  which  deserves  more  notice  than  it  receives  in 
the  present  day,  or  indeed  has  secured  in  any  preceding 
generation  of  readers.  The  death  of  King  William,  in 
1702,  brought  a  new  set  of  statesmen  in  power,  and  the 
loss  of  Addison's  pension  awakened  the  young  traveller 
from  his  classic  dreams  of  past  ages  to  the  necessary  pro 
vision  for  the  day  which  was  passing  over  him.  He  re 
turned  home,  and  found  himself  in  England  with  no  means 
of  livelihood,  and  no  prospects  beyond  the  uncertain  de 
pendence  of  a  literary  hack.  He  was  not  allowed  to  remain 
long  in  this  unenviable  condition.  The  battle  of  Blenheim, 
fought  August,  1704,  had  excited  the  attention  of  Europe 
to  the  conquerors,  and  the  opportunity  must  not  be  lost  to 
celebrate  the  event  in  the  most  august  strains  of  which 
the  poetic  muse  was  capable.  Lord  Treasurer  Godolphin 
inquired  anxiously  for  a  poet,  and  Lord  Halifax  named 

37 


ADD 


ADD 


Addison  as  the  proper  person.  Mr.  Treasurer  Boyle,  after 
wards  Lord  Carleton,  was  sent  to  prefer  the  request  to  the 
poet,  who,  as  it  will  readily  be  believed,  immediately  un 
dertook  the  duty.  THE  CAMPAIGN  was  written,  and  the 
successful  bard  became  Commissioner  of  Appeals,  and  in 
1706,  Under-Secretary  of  State.  There  was  much  wisdom 
in  this  appointment.  The  aid  of  such  a  penman  was  not 
to  be  despised  by  any  ministry,  however  powerful.  The 
Present  State  of  the  War,  an  anonymous  pamphlet,  pub 
lished  in  November,  1707,  was  credited  to  the  new  secre 
tary.  In  1709,  our  poet  attended  the  Marquis  of  Wharton 
to  Ireland  as  secretary.  Whilst  absent,  Steele  published 
the  first  number  of  The  Tatler,  April  12,  1709. 

He  soon  became  a  most  useful  contributor  to  his  friend's 
paper.  He  also  contributed  five  articles  to  a  political  pa 
per,  The  Whig  Examiner,  the  first  number  of  which  ap 
peared  on  the  14th  September,  1710.  The  Tatler  was 
brought  to  a  close,  January  2, 1711,  and  the  first  of  the  en 
suing  March,  the  Spectator  made  its  appearance.  This 
periodical,  of  which  as  many  as  20,000  copies  were  sold  in 
a  day,  still  retains  its  popularity.  Addison's  contributions 
may  be  known  by  the  signature  C.  L.  I.  or  0.,  forming  the 
word  "  Clio."  The  Guardian,  commenced  March  12, 
1713,  was  also  largely  indebted  to  Addison.  In  1713  ap 
peared  the  celebrated  tragedy  of  Cato,  which  was  acted  for 
thirty-five  successive  nights,  notwithstanding  Pope's  opi 
nion  that  it  was  not  so  well  suited  to  the  stage  as  it  was  to 
the  closet.  In  this  year  was  published  a  political  squib  of 
our  author's,  entitled  The  Trial  and  Conviction  of  Count 
Tariff.  On  the  breaking  out  of  the  rebellion  in  1715, 
Addison  supported  the  government  with  great  vigour  in 
the  Freeholder,  which  was  published  from  September  23 
to  June  29,  of  the  next  year.  His  verses  to  Sir  Godfrey 
Kneller,  and  a  few  other  minor  pieces,  were  given  to  the 
world  about  this  time. 

In  1716,  he  married  the  dowager  Countess  of  Warwick  : 
of  this  match  Dr.  Johnson  remarks : — "  This  marriage, 
if  uncontradicted  report  can  be  credited,  made  no  addition 
to  his  happiness  ;  it  neither  found  nor  made  them  equal. 
She  always  remembered  her  own  rank,  and  thought  her 
self  entitled  to  treat  with  very  little  ceremony  the  tutor  of 
her  son."  He  breathed  his  last  at  Holland-house  on  the 
17th  June,  1719,  when  just  entering  the  48th  year  of  his 
age.  "  Before  he  expired,  he  sent  for  his  step-son,  the  Earl 
of  Warwick,  then  in  his  21st  year,  and  while  the  young 
nobleman  stood  at  his  bedside  to  receive  his  commands, 
grasping  his  hand,  he  said  he  had  called  him  that  he  might 
see  with  what  peace  a  Christian  could  die.  He  left  an  only 
daughter  by  the  countess." 

Sir  Richard  Steele  acknowledges  himself  indebted  to 
Addison  for  a  considerable  part  of  his  comedy  of  the  Ten 
der  Husband,  which  appeared  in  1704;  and  he  is  also 
known  to  be  the  author  of  the  Drummer,  or  The  Haunted 
House.  Some  papers  in  a  continuation  of  The  Spectator, 
which  was  attempted,  but  soon  dropped,  and  one  or  two  in 
a  publication  of  a  similar  nature,  entitled  The  Lover,  were 
contributed  by  him  during  the  years  1713  and  1714. 

It  is  well  known  that  Addison  has  always  laboured  under 
the  suspicion,  not  only  of  envying  his  great  literary  rival, 
Pope,  but  also  of  exhibiting  that  envy  in  the  most  unjus 
tifiable  manner.  We  have  not  space  to  enter  upon  this 
question  at  length.  How  far  he  may  have  prompted  the 
virulence  of  Philips  and  the  slander  of  Gildon,  is  not  likely 
to  be  satisfactorily  ascertained  at  this  late  hour.  We  refer 
the  curious  reader  to  Sir  William  Blackstone's  able  paper 
in  the  Biographia  Britannica,  and  to  the  article  Addison, 
in  Rose's  New  Biog.  Diet.  Blackstone,  certainly  a  com 
petent  judge  of  evidence,  considers  that  Addison's  memory 
has  been  much  calumniated,  although  he  admits  that  the 
publication  of  Tickell's  (?)  version  of  the  Iliad  just  at  the 
moment  of  the  appearance  of  Pope's  translation  was  "  in 
discreet  and  ill-timed." 

The  literary  merits  of  Addison  have  been  discussed  at 
length  by  Dr.  Johnson  in  his  Lives  of  the  Poets.  Perhaps 
we  cannot  better  please  and  edify  our  readers  than  by 
quoting  some  opinions  of  the  great  critic,  together  with 
those  of  other  authors,  upon  the  writings  and  character  of 
one  who  must  always  occupy  the  first  rank  in  the  list  of 
English  classics : 

"If  any  judgment  be  made  from  his  books,  of  his  moral  charac 
ter,  nothing  will  be  found  but  purity  and  excellence.  It  is  justly 
Observed  by  Tickell,  that  he  employed  wit  on  the  side  of  virtue  and 
religion.  He  not  only  made  the  proper  use  of  wit  himself,  but 
taught  it  to  others,  and  from  his  time  it  has  been  generally  sub 
servient  to  the  cause  of  reason  and  of  truth.  No  greater  felicity 
san  genius  attain  than  that  of  having  purified  intellectual  plea- 
•ure,  separated  mirth  from  indecency,  and  wit  from  licentiousness ; 
•f  having  taught  a  succession  of  writers  to  bring  elegance  and 


gayety  to  the  aid  of  goodness;  and,  if  I  may  use  expressions  yet 
more  awful,  of  having  -turned  many  to  righteousness.' 

'•  His  sentences  have  neither  studied  amplitude,  nor  affected 
brevity ;  his  periods,  though  not  diligently  rounded,  are  voluble  and 
easy.  Whoever  wishes  to  attain  an  English  style,  familiar,  but 
not  coarse,  and  elegant,  but  not  ostentatious,  must  give  his  days 
and  nights  to  the  study  of  Addison."— DR.  JOHNSON. 

"  Mr.  Addison  wrote  very  fluently ;  but  he  was  sometimes  very 
slow  and  scrupulous  in  correcting.  He  would  show  his  verses  to 
several  friends ;  and  would  alter  almost  every  thing  that  any  of 
them  hinted  as  wrong.  He  seemed  to  be  too  diffident  of  himself; 
and  too  much  concerned  about  his  character  as  a  poet ;  or  (as  he 
worded  it)  too  solicitous  for  that  kind  of  praise  which  is  but  a 
very  little  matter  after  all!  Many  of  his  Spectators  he  wrote  very 
fast;  and  sent  them  to  the  press  as  soon  as  they  were  written.  It 
seems  to  have  been  best  for  him  not  to  have  had  too  much  time  to 
correct.  Addison  was  perfectly  good  company  with  intimates ;  and 
had  something  more  charming  in  his  conversation  than  1  ever 
knew  in  any  other  man :  but  with  any  mixture  of  strangers,  and 
sometimes  only  with  one,  he  seemed  to  preserve  his  dignity  much, 
with  a  stiff  sort  of  silence." — POPE:  Spence's  Anecdotes. 

"  There  is  a  grove  at  Magdalen  College  which  retains  the  name 

of  Addison's  Walk,  where  still  the  student  will  linger Never, 

not  even  by  Dryden,  not  even  by  Temple,  had  the  English  lan 
guage  been  written  with  such  sweetness,  grace,  and  facility. 
But  this  was  the  smallest  part  of  Addison's  praise.  Had  he 
clothed  his  thoughts  in  the  half-French  style  of  Horace  Walpole, 
or  in  the  half-Latin  style  of  Dr.  Johnson,  or  in  the  half-German 
jargon  of  the  present  day,  his  genius  would  have  triumphed  over 
all  faults  of  manner.  As  a  moral  satirist  he  stands  unrivalled.  If 
ever  the  best  Tatlers  and  Spectators  were  equalled  in  their  own 
kind,  we  should  be  inclined  to  guess  that  it  must  have  been  by 
the  lost  comedies  of  Menander.  In  wit.  properly  so  called.  Addi 
son  was  not  inferior  to  Cowley  or  Butler.  >io  single  ode  of  Cow- 
ley  contains  so  many  happy  analogies  as  are  crowded  into  the 
lines  to  Sir  Godfrey  Kneller ;  and  we  would  undertake  to  collect 
from  the  Spectators  as  great  a  number  of  ingenious  illustrations 
as  can  be  found  in  '  Hudibras.'  The  still  higher  faculty  of  inven 
tion  Addison  possessed  in  still  larger  measure.  .  .  .  But  what 
shall  we  say  of  Addison's  humour?  .  .  .  We  own  that  the  hu 
mour  of  Addison  is,  in  our  opinion,  of  a  more  delicious  flavour 
than  the  humour  of  either  Swift  or  Voltaire." — T.  B.  MACAULAY. 

"  Dope's  character  of  Addison  is  one  of  the  truest,  as  well  as 
one  of  the  best,  things  he  ever  wrote.  Addison  deserved  that 
character  the  most  of  any  man.  Yet  how  charming  are  his  prose 
writings!  He  was  as  much  a  master  of  humour  as  he  was  an  in 
different  poet." — DR.  LOCKIER,  Dean  of  Peterborough. 

"  Mr.  Addison  did  not  go  any  depth  in  the  study  of  medals :  all 
the  knowledge  he  had  of  that  kind,  I  believe  he  had  from  me; 
and  I  did  not  give  him  above  twenty  lessons  upon  that  subject." — F. 

"Mr.  Addison  would  never  alter  any  thing  after  a  poem  was 
once  printed ;  and  was  ready  to  alter  almost  every  thing  that  was 
found  fault  with  before.  I  believe  he  did  not  leave  a  word  un 
changed  that  I  might  have  any  scruple  against  in  his  Cato." — P. 

"The  last  line  in  that  tragedy  originally  was— 
4  And,  oh,  'twas  this  that  ended  Gate's  life.' 
Mr.  Pope  suggested  the  alteration  as  it  stands  at  present : 

'And  robs  the  guilty  world  of  Cato's  life.' 

Mr.  Addison  stayed  about  a  year  at  Blois.  He  would  rise  as  early 
as  between  two  and  three  in  the  height  of  summer,  and  lie  a-bed 
till  between  eleven  and  twelve  in  the  depth  of  winter.  He  was 
untalkative  while  here,  and  often  thoughtful :  sometimes  so  lost 
in  thought  that  I  have  come  into  his  room,  and  stayed  five 
minutes  there,  before  he  has  known  any  thing  of  it." — ABE£ 
PHILIPPEAUX  OF  BLOIS. 

"The  Spectators,  though  there  are  so  many  bad  ones  among 
them,  make  themselves  read  still.  All  Addison's  are  allowed  to 
be  good."— ABB^  B. 

"  Old  Jacob  Tonson  did  not  like  Mr.  Addison.  He  had  a  quarrel 
with  him :  and  after  his  quitting  the  secretaryship  used  frequently 
to  say  of  him,  'One  day  or  other  you'll  see  that  man  a  bishop! 
I'm  sure  he  looks  that  way ;  and,  indeed,  I  ever  thought  him  a 
priest  in  his  heart.'  " — P. 

"  It  was  my  fate  to  be  much  with  the  wits.  My  father  was  ac 
quainted  with  all  of  them.  Addison  was  the  best  company  in  the 
world." — LADY  M.  W.  MONTAGU. 

"  Addison  usually  studied  all  the  morning,  then  met  his  party 
at  Button's ;  dined  there,  and  .stayed  five  or  six  hours,  and  some 
times  far  into  the  night.  I  was  of  the  company  for  about  a  year, 
but  found  it  was  too  much  for  me,  and  so  I  quitted  it." — POPE  : 
Spence'f  Anecdotes. 

"To  the  keenest  perception  of  the  beautiful  and  sublime  in 
composition,  he  added  a  taste  pre-eminently  delicate  and  correct, 
and  the  most  engaging  and  fascinating  style  that  this  country 
had  ever  witnessed;  with  these  were  combined  the  most  unri 
valled  humour,  a  morality  lovely  and  interesting  as  it  was  p\ire 
and  philanthropic,  and  a  fancy  whose  effusions  were  peculiarly 
sweet,  rich,  and  varied." — DR.  DRAKE. 

Dr.  Blair  censures  Addison  for  occasional  redundancies, 
and  gives  some  instances  from  Nos.  412  and  413  of  the 
Spectator.  He  proceeds  to  remark : 

"  Although  the  free  and  flowing  manner  of  such  an  author  as 
Mr.  Addison,  and  the  graceful  harmony  of  his  periods,  may  palli 
ate  such  negligences;  yet,  in  general,  it  holds  that  style  freed 
from  this  prolixity  appears  both  more  strong,  and  more  beautiful. 
The  attention  becomes  remiss,  the  mind  falls  into  inaction,  when 
words  are  multiplied  without  a  corresponding  multiplication  of 
ideas." — Lectures  on  Rhetoric  and  Belles- Lettres. 

"  When  this  man  looks  from  the  world  whose  weakness  he  de 
scribes  so  benevolently,  up  to  the  heaven  which  shines  over  us 
all,  I  can  hardly  fancy  a  human  face  lighted  up  with  a  more  serene 
rapture;  a  human  intellect  thrilling  with  a  purer  love  and  adora 
tion,  than  Joseph  Addison's  1  Listen  to  him :  from  your  childhood 


ADD 

you  have  known  the  verses,  but  who  can  hear  their  sacred  music 
without  love  and  awe  ? 

'  Soon  as  the  evening  shades  prevail, 
The  moon  takes  up  the  wondrous  tale,'  Ac. 

It  seems  to  me  those  verses  shine  like  the  stars.  They  shine  out 
of  a  great,  deep  calm.  When  he  turns  to  heaven,  a  Sabbath  comes 
over  that  mans  mind:  and  his  face  lights  up  from  it  with  a  glory 
of  thanks  and  prayer.  ...  If  Swift's  life  was  the  most  wretched, 
I  think  Addison's  was  one  of  the  most  enviable.  A  life  prosperous 
and  beautiful— a  calm  death— an  immense  fame,  and  affection  af 
terwards  for  his  happy  and  spotless  name."— Thackeray's  English 
Humorists  of  the  Eighteenth  Century. 

"  We  must  remember  that,  however  narrow,  and  prejudiced,  and 
exclusive  may  seem  to  us  the  dogmas  of  Addison's  literary  criti 
cisms,  yet  that  these  were  the  first  popular  essays  in  English  to 
wards  the  investigation  of  the  grounds  and  axioms  of  aesthetic 
science,  and  that  even  here,  in  innumerable  instances,  (as,  for  ex 
ample,  'in  the  celebrated  reviews  of  Paradise  Lost,  and  of  the  old 
national  ballad  of  Chevy  Chase,)  we  find  the  author's  natural  and 
delicate  sense  of  the  beautiful  and  sublime  triumphing  over  the 
accumulated  errors  and  false  judgment  of  his  own  artificial  age, 
and  the  author  of  Cato  doing  unconscious  homage  to  the  nature 
and  pathos  of  the  rude  old  Border  ballad-maker."— PROF.  T.  B. 
SHAW. 

"  In  a  word,  one  may  justly  apply  to  him  what  Plato,  in  his  al 
legorical  language,  says  of  Aristophanes;  that  the  Graces,  having 
searched  all  the  world  for  a  temple  wherein  they  might  forever 
dwell,  settled  at  last  in  the  breast  of  Mr.  Addison."— MELMOTH. 

"  Addison  wrote  little  in  verse,  much  in  sweet,  elegant,  Virgilian 
prose;  so  let  me  call  it,  since  Longinus  calls  Herodotus  most 
Homeric;  and  Thucydides  is  said  to  have  formed  his  style  on 
Pindar.  Addison's  compositions  are  built  with  the  finest  mate 
rials,  in  the  taste  of  the  ancients.  I  never  read  him.  but  I  am 
struck  with  such  a  disheartening  idea  of  perfection,  that  I  drop 
my  pen.  And,  indeed,  far  superior  writers  should  forget  his  com 
positions,  if  they  would  be  greatly  pleased  with  their  own."— DR. 
YOUNG. 

"In  refined  and  delicate  humour  Addison  has  no  superior,  if  he 
has  any  equal,  in  English  prose  literature.  .  .  .  Who  can  set 
limits  to  the  influence  which  such  a  mind  has  exerted?  And 
what  a  lesson  should  it  read  to  the  conductors  of  our  periodic 
press,  from  the  stately  quarterly  to  the  daily  newspaper!  What 
untold  gain  would  it  be  to  the  world  if  they  would  think  less  of 
party,  and  more  of  TRUTH  :  if  they  would  ever  be  found  the  firm 
advocates  of  every  thing  that  tends  to  elevate  and  bless  man,  and 
the  steadfast,  out-spoken  opponents  of  all  that  tends  to  degrade, 
debase,  and  brutalize  him !"— PROF.  C.  D.  CLEVELAND. 

"  In  Addison  the  reader  will  find  a  rich  but  chaste  vein  of  hu 
mour  and  satire ;  lessons  of  morality  and  religion,  divested  of  all 
austerity  and  gloom;  criticism  at  once  pleasing  and  profound; 
and  pictures  of  national  character  and  manners  that  must  ever 
charm  from  their  vivacity  and  truth." — DR.  KURD. 

"  Greater  energy  of  character,  or  a  more  determined  hatred  of 
vice  and  tyranny,  would  have  curtailed  his  usefulness  as  a  public 
censor.  He  led  the  nation  insensibly  to  a  love  of  virtue  and 
constitutional  freedom,  to  a  purer  taste  in  morals  and  literature, 
and  to  the  importance  of  those  everlasting  truths  which  so 
warmly  engaged  his  heart  and  imagination." — ROBERT  CHAMBERS. 

"  It  is  praise  enough  to  say  of  a  writer,  that,  in  a  high  departr 
ment  of  literature,  in  which  many  eminent  writers  have  distin 
guished  themselves,  he  has  no  equal ;  and  this  may,  with  strict 
justice,  be  said  of  Addison.  He  is  entitled  to  be  considered  not 
only  as  the  greatest  of  the  English  essayists,  but  as  the  forerunner 
of  the  great  English  novelists.  His  best  essays  approach  near  to 
absolute  perfection ;  nor  is  their  excellence  more  wonderful  than 
their  variety.  His  invention  never  seems  to  flag;  nor  is  he  ever 
under  the  necessity  of  repeating  himself,  or  of  wearing  out  a 
subject." — MACAULAY. 

"  He  was  not  only  the  ornament  of  his  age  and  country,  but  he 
reflects  dignity  on  the  nature  of  man.  He  has  divested  vice  of 
its  meretricious  ornaments,  and  planted  religion  and  virtue  in 
the  modest  and  graceful  attire  which  charm  and  elevate  the 
heart." — DR.  ANDERSON. 

"  Of  Addison's  numerous  and  well-known  writings,  it  may  be 
affirmed  that  they  rest  on  the  solid  basis  of  real  excellence,  in 
moral  tendency  as  well  as  literary  merit.  Vice  and  folly  are 
satirized,  virtue  and  decorum  are  rendered  attractive;  and  while 
polished  diction  and  Attic  wit  abound,  the  purest  ethics  are  incul 
cated." — MAUNDER. 

"  As  a  writer,  as  a  man,  and  as  a  Christian,  the  merit  of  Addison 
cannot  be  too  highly  extolled.  His  style  has  been  always  es 
teemed  a  model  of  excellence  by  men  of  taste.  His  humour  has 
a  charm  which  cannot  be  described ;  his  philosophy  is  rational, 
and  his  morality  is  pure." — Aihenceum,. 

The  Life  of  Addison,  by  Lucy  Aikin,  2  vols.,  London, 
1843,  post  Svo,  with  Portrait. 

';  Miss  Aikin  has  not  left  a  stone  unturned,  that  her  monument 
to  one  of  our  most  polished  writers  and  complete  minds  may  be 
fair,  upright,  and  symmetrical.  Her  book  contains  the  first  com 
plete  life  of  Addison  ever  put  forth.  As  a  literary  biography  it  is 
a  model ;  and  its  pages  are  besides  enriched  by  many  hitherto  un 
published  letters  of  Addison." — London  Athenceum. 

In  concluding  our  sketch  of  this  eminent  author,  we 
may  observe,  that  perhaps  no  English  writer  has  been  so 
fortunate  as  Addison  in  uniting  so  many  discordant 
tastes  in  a  unanimous  verdict  of  approbation.  Browne 
has  been  thought  pedantic,  Johnson  inflated,  Taylor  con 
ceited,  and  Burke  exuberant ;  but  the  graceful  simplicity 
of  Addison  delights  alike  the  rude  taste  of  the  unedu 
cated,  and  the  classic  judgment  of  the  learned.  His  ex 
quisite  humour  charms  our  youth,  and  his  affectionate  ad 
monitions  impress  upon  our  hearts  those  religious  verities 
which  can  alone  confer  dignity  upon  age. 


ADI 

We  subjoin  a  list  of  Addison's  works:  1.  Remarks  on 
several  parts  of  Italy  in  the  years  1701, 1702, 1703,  London, 
1705,  1718,  1761.  The  same  translated  into  Latin,  under 
the  title  of  Addisoni  Epistola  Missa  ex  Italia,  ad  illustrem 
Dominum  Halifax,  anno  1701.  Auctore  A.  Murphy,  1799. 
2.  Campaign ;  a  Poem  with  a  Latin  version.  3.  Poems, 
1712.  4.  The  Five  Whig  Examiners,  1712.  5.  Cato;  a 
tragedy,  1713.  The  same  in  Italian  and  French,  1715. 
In  Latin,  under  the  following  title :  Cato  Tragsedia,  Auc 
tore  Clarissimo  Viro  Josepho  Addison  inter  Anglia  nostrae 
Principes  Poetas,  jure  nemerando,  omissis  Amotoriis 
Scenis.  Latino  Carmine  Versa,  1763.  This  translation 
has  been  commended  as 

"In  general  elegant,  and  executed  with  great  spirit.  The 
style  approaches  that  of  Seneca,  the  tragedian." 

6.  Essay  concerning  the  Error  in  Distributing  Modern 
Medals,  1715.  7.  A  Poem  to  the  Princess  of  Wales; 
another  to  Sir  Godfrey  Kneller,  1716.  8.  Freeholder, 
1716.  9.  The  Drummer,  or  the  Haunted  House,  1716.  10. 
Freethinker,  1722.  11.  Dissertations  on  the  most  cele 
brated  Roman  Poets;  Englished  by  Charles  Hayes,  1718. 
12.  Notes  upon  the  Twelve  Books  of  Paradise  Lost,  col 
lected  1719.  13.  Dialogues  upon  the  Usefulness  of  An 
cient  Medals,  especially  in  relation  to  the  Latin  and 
Greek  poets,  1726.  14.  Ode  to  Dr.  Thomas  Burnet,  1727. 
15.  Divine  Poems,  1728.  16.  On  the  Evidences  of  the 
Christian  Religion,  1730.  17.  Discourses  on  Ancient  and 
Modern  Learning. 

His  papers  contributed  to  The  Tatler,  Spectator,  Guar 
dian,  and  Freeholder,  together  with  his  Treatise  on  the 
Christian  Religion,  were  collected  into  4  vols.,  Edinburgh, 
1790.  In  the  Tatler  his  papers  have  no  signature;  in  the 
Spectator,  as  we  have  remarked,  they  are  either  C.  L.  I. 
or  0.  (Clio.)  In  the  Guardian,  they  are  marked  by  a 
hand. 

Addison's  works,  portrait  and  plates,  4  vols.  4to. 
Baskerville's  splendid  edition,  Birmingham,  1761. 

"  He  who  hath  the  Baskerville  edition  hath  a  good  and  even  & 
glorious  performance.  It  is  pleasant  (and,  of  course,  profitable) 
to  turn  over  the  pages  of  these  lovely  tomes  at  one's  Tusculum, 
on  a  day  of  oppression  from  heat  or  of  confinement  from  rain." — 
DIBDIN. 

Addison's  Complete  Works,  the  first  complete  edition 
ever  published,  including  all  of  Bishop  Hurd's  edition, 
with  numerous  pieces  now  first  collected,  and  copious 
notes,  by  Prof.  G.  W.  Greene.  A  new  issue,  in  6  vols., 
12mo,  with  Vignettes,  &c.,  N.  York,  1854 ;  ed.,  with  addi 
tions  by  H.  G.  Bohn,  6  vols. 

"  Nothing  stamps  the  literary  reading  of  the  present  day  with 
a  more  exalted  character  than  the  fact  of  the  profitable  republish- 
ment  of  the  old  English  classics.  We  congratulate  the  public 
upon  having  it  in  their  power  to  purchase  an  edition  of  Addison's 
works,  so  complete  as  this  promises  to  be,  such  an  ornament  to 
the  library  as  it  will  prove,  and  edited  with  so  much  tact.  To 
undertake  to  praise  the  writings  of  Joseph  Addison  is  a  work  of 
supererogation.  It  is  sufficient  to  say,  that  more  persons  have 
formed  their  style  on  his  prose  writings  than  on  those  of  any 
other  English  writer." 

Addison,  Lancelot,  D.D.,  1632-1703,  father  of 
the  preceding,  was  born  at  Crosby  Ravensworth,  in  West 
moreland.  He  was  the  son  of  a  clergyman,  and  adopted 
the  same  profession.  He  was  noted  at  college  for  his  ac 
quirements.  Not  being  in  favour  with  the  rulers  of  the 
day,  he  obtained  no  preferment  until  the  Restoration.  His 
first  post  was  that  of  chaplain  at  Dunkirk.  He  was  ap 
pointed  king's  chaplain  in  1670.  Dr.  Addison  wrote  a 
number  of  works,  which  met  with  a  moderate  share  of 
approbation.  They  relate  principally  to  the  early  history 
of  Mohammedanism,  to  the  present  state  of  the  Jews, 
and  to  the  sacraments  of  the  Christian  church,  published 
1671-98. 

Addison,  William,  M.D.  Healthy  and  Diseased 
Structure,  Consumption,  &e.,  Lon.,  Svo. 

"A  work  deserving  the  perusal  of  every  one  interested  in  the 
late  rapid  advance  of  physiology  and  pathology." — Medico-Chirur- 
gical  Review. 

2.  Malvern  Waters  in  Cases  of  Consumption,  Svo.  3.  Cell 
Therapeutics,  12mo,  1856. 

A  tidy,  William.     Stenograpbia,  Lon.,  1695. 

"  More  remarkable  for  the  accuracy  and  elegance  of  its  graphical 
execution,  than  for  any  considerable  improvement  in  the  art." — 
LOWNDES. 

Adee,  Herbert.    Sermon  on  1  Cor.  ii.  14,  Lond.,  1712. 
Adee,  Nicholas.  Sermon  on  Luke  xx.  41,  Lond.,  1685. 
Adee,  S.    Con.to  Phil.  Tran.  and  to  Archaeol.,  1755,  Ac. 
Adey,  author  of  Sermons,  pub.  London,  1755-60. 
Adhelm.     See  ALDHELM. 

Adis,  Henry.  Sermon  on  2  Chron.  xxxii.  25,  Lon 
don,  1660. 


ADK 


AIK 


Adkin,  L.     Serms.  pub.  1782-86  and  1806. 
Adkins,  W.     The  Hortorian  Miscellany,  <fcc.,  1768. 
Adler,  George  J.,  b.  1821,  in  Germany;  came  to  U. 

States,  1833  j  grad.  N.  York  Univ.,  1844  j  Prof.  German 
Language  in  same  institution,  1846-54.  1.  German  Gram 
mar,  1846.  2.  German  Reader,  1847.  3.  German  and  Eng 
lish  Dictionary,  1848,  N.  York,  8vo :  the  most  complete 
work  of  the  kind  pub.  in  the  U.  S.  4.  Abridgment  of  same, 
12mo,  1851.  5.  Manual  of  German  Literature,  1853.  6. 
Latin  Grammar,  1858. 

Adolphus,  John,  1766-1845,  b.  in  London,  barrister- 
at-law.  1.  Hist,  of  England  from  the  Accession  of  George 
III.  to  1783,  3  vols.,  1802 ;  new  ed.,  7  vols.  8vo. 

"  We  have  no  hesitation  in  recommending  the  volume  before  us 
as  a  useful  and  interesting  work.  The  future  historian  will  recur 
to  it  as  a  valuable .  magazine  of  facts  which  will  tend  much  to 
diminish  the  labour  of  his  investigations." — Edin.  Rev. 

2.  Biog.  Memoirs  of  French  Revolution,  2  vols.,  1799. 

"  A  work  in  which,  with  great  ability,  collecting  everywhere  from 
the  most  authentic  sources,  and  subjoining  uniformly  a  full  refer 
ence  to  his  authorities,  he  gives  the  only  accurate  history  yet  extant 
of  those  tremendous  times  and  the  principal  agents  in  them." — 
British  Critic. 

He  pub.  other  works,  and  assisted  Archdeacon  Coxe  in 
preparing  for  the  press  his  Memoirs  of  Sir  Robert  Walpole. 

Adolphus,  John  Leycester,  son  of  the  preceding.  1. 
Letters  to  Richard  Heber,  1821.  This  work  was  written  to 
prove  that  Sir  Walter  Scott  was  the  author  of  the  Waverley 
Novels. 

"  From  its  appearance  Sir  Walter  felt  that  his  incognito  was 
ended,  and  thenceforth  he  wore  his  mask  loosely." 

2.  In  connexion  with  T.  F.  Ellis,  Reports  of  Cases  argued 
and  determined  in  the  Court  of  King's  Bench  4  Wm.  IV., 
1834-40, 12  vols.  r.  8vo ;  Lon.,  1835-42 ;  new  series,  1841- 
47,  8  vols.  r.  8vo ;  1842-48. 

A  dorno,  J.  N.     Harmony  of  the  Universe,  8vo,  Lon. 

Adrian  IV.,  d.  1159,  was  the  only  Englishman  who  ever 
attained  the  papal  throne.  His  name  originally  was  Nicho 
las  Breakspear;  his  native  place,  Langley,  near  St.  Alban's. 
He  wrote  an  account  of  his  legation,  a  treatise  on  the 
Miraculous  Conception,  and  some  sermons. 

Adrian,  Robert,  LL.D.,  1775-1843.  Improved  ed. 
of  Button's  Mathematics,  &c.,  Scientific  papers,  &c. 

Ady,  J.   The  Harmony  of  the  Divine  Will,  Lond.,  1811. 

Ady,  T.,  a  writer  upon  Witchcraft,  Lond.,  1656-61. 

Adye,  R.  W.    Bombardier  and  P.  Gunner,  Lond.,  1813. 

Adye,  S.  P.    Treatise  on  Ct.  Martials,  &c.,  Lond.,  1778. 

jEry,  T.,M.D.,  a  medical  writer,  Whitehaven,  1774,  <fec. 

yEton.     A  treatise  on  the  Church,  Edinburgh,  1730. 

Affleck,  Capt.     Agitation  of  the  Sea,  <fcc.,  Phil.  Trans. 

Agar,  W.     Fourteen  Sermons,  Ac.,  London,  1756-59. 

Agard,  Arthur,  1540-1615,  a  learned  antiquary,  born 
at  Foston,  Derbyshire.  He  wrote  a  number  of  treatises 
upon  the  High  Court  of  Parliament,  the  Antiquity  of  Shires, 
of  the  Houses  or  Inns  of  Court,  and  Chancery,  and  upon 
Doomsday  Book. 

Agas.     See  AGGAS. 

Agassiz,  Louis  Jean  Rodolphe,  born  1807,  at 
Motiers,  Canton  of  Freyburg,  in  Switzerland.  His  ances 
tors  were  of  French  origin,  and  were  among  the  number 
of  those  Protestants  who,  in  1685,  at  the  time  of  the  Revo 
cation  of  the  Edict  of  Nantes,  were  forced  to  fly  from  France. 

His  father,  who  was  a  Protestant  minister,  intended  him 
for  the  church ;  but,  owing  to  an  intuitive  love  for  Natural 
History,  he  preferred  the  study  of  Medicine,  as  affording 
a  fuller  scope  for  the  bent  of  his  genius.  To  carry  out 
this  design,  he  entered  the  Medical  School  of  Zurich,  but 
completed  his  professional  studies  at -the  University  of 
Heidelberg,  where  he  particularly  devoted  his  attention  to 
anatomy,  under  the  direction  of  Professor  Tiedemann.  As 
a  student  and  anatomist,  he  gained  a  reputation  far  above 
his  compeers.  About  this  time  he  acquired  some  celebrity 
among  his  fellow-students  as  a  lecturer  on  Natural  Histo 
ry  ;  but  very  soon  his  extensive  knowledge  and  accurate 
discrimination  attracted  the  notice  of  men  of  science. 

From  Heidelberg  he  entered  the  University  of  Munich, 
where  he  remained  four  years.  His  rare  attainments  in 
duced  Martius  to  employ  him  to  prepare  the  ichthyological 
department  of  the  Natural  History  of  Brazil,  which  added 
greatly  to  his  scientific  fame.  His  parents  remonstrated 
against  this  devotion  to  science,  and,  finding  persuasion 
ineffectual,  determined  to  reduce  his  regular  stipend ;  but 
his  unmitigated  ardour,  and  indomitable  perseverance  in  the 
pursuit  of  his  favourite  studies,  attracted  the  notice  of  the 
great  German  publisher,  Cotta,  who  advanced  him  such 
sums  as  he  required.  After  taking  the  degrees  of  Doctor 
of  Medicine  and  Philosophy,  he  repaired  to  Vienna,  where 
he  entered  upon  the  study  of  fossil  fishes.  Through  the 
liberality  of  a  friend,  he  visited  Paris,  where  he  gained  the 
40 


friendship  of  Cuvier,  which  continued  till  his  death.     At 
Paris  he  became  intimately  acquainted  with  Humboldt. 

Agassiz  was  appointed  Professor  of  Natural  History  in 
the  College  of  Neufchatel,  on  his  return  to  Switzerland. 
Here  he  remained  until  1846,  when  he  embarked  for  Ame 
rica,  and  soon  after  was  appointed  Professor  of  Zoology 
and  Geology  in  the  Lawrence  Scientific  School.     At  thirty, 
he  was  a  member  of  nearly  every  scientific  academy  of 
Europe,  besides  having  the  degree  of  Doctor  of  LaAvs  con 
ferred  on  him  by  the  Universities  of  Edinburgh  and  Dublin. 
He  first  promulgated  the  Glacial  Theory  in  1837.     To 
collect  facts  relating  to  this  subject,  he  spent  eight  sum 
tners  upon  the  glacier  of  the  Aar,  8000  feet  above  the  level 
of  the  sea,  and  twelve  miles  from  any  human  habitation. 
The  following  are  his  chief  scientific  works  : 
"  Recherches  sur  les  Poissons  fossiles,  5  vols.  4to,  and  400  plates, 
folio,  Neufchatel,  1834-44.     Histoire  naturelle  des  Poissons  d'eau 
douce,  1  vol.  8vo,  and  2  portfolios  of  plates,  Neufchatel,  1839.  Etudes 
sur  les  glaciers,  1  vol.  8vo,  d'atlas  in  folio,  Neufchatel,  1840.  Systeme 
I  glacier,  1  vol.  8vo,  d'atlas  in  folio,  Paris,  1847.      Monoaraphies 
I  d'Echnodermes,  4  parts,  4to,  Neufchatel,  1838-42.    Etudes  critiques 
!  BUT  les  Mollesques  fossiles.  5  parts,  4to.  Neufchatel,  1840-45.     No- 
menclator  Zoologicus,  1  vol.  4to,  Joloduri,  1842-46.    Bibliographia 
Zoologiae  et  Geolopa%  London,  3  vols.  8vo,  Ray  Soc.,  1848.     Lake 
Superior;  its  physical  character,  &c..  plates  and  maps,  8vo,  1850. 
Twelve  Lectures  on  Comparative  Embryology,  8vo,  1849.    In  con 
nection  with  Dr.  A.  A.  Gould,  Principles  of  Zoology,  2d  ed.,  1851 . 
Contributed  many  valuable  articles  in  Trans.  Lond.  Zool.  Soc.;  Brit. 
Assoc. ;  Filliman's  Jour. ;  Edin. New.  Phil.  Jour.;  Proc.  Lond.  Geol. 
Soc.;  Phil.  Mag.;  Bibl.Univ.;  L.u.Br.  N.Jahrb.  Proc.  Am.  Assoc.; 
Trans.  Amer.  Acad.  Science  and  Arts ;  Smithsonian  Contrib.,  &c. 

Contributions  to  the  Natural  History  of  the  U.  States, 
Bost.,  1857,  2  vols.  4to, — to  be  complete  in  10  vols. 

"There  are  2500  subscribers  to  this  work  in  the  United  States. 
A  magnificent  support  of  a  purely  scientific  undertaking,  executed 
on  a  grand  and  expensive  scale;  a  tribute  to  the  worth  of  science, 
and  an  appreciation  of  the  labours  of  a  great  original  investigator, 
such  as  has  never  before  been  exhibited  to  the  world." — PROF.  C.  C. 
FELTON:  Appleton's  New  Amf.r.  Cyc. 

Agate,  John.     Theological  Treatise,  Oxford,  1708. 

Agate,  VV.     Sermons,  published  1750-58. 

Agg,  John,  a  novelist.     Published  Lon.,  1808-13. 

Aggas,  Ralph,  a  surveyor  and  engraver. 
"  This  celebrated  surveyor  published  the  first  map  of  London  in 
1560,  republished  in  1618  and  likewise  in  1637."— LOWNDES. 

Aglionby,  E.  Latin  Poem  in  Wilson's  Epigram.,  1552. 

Aglionby,  John,  D.D.,  1566-1609,  originally  De 
Aguilon,  educated  at  Queen's  College,  Oxford,  was  chaplain 
to  James  I.,  and  one  of  the  divines  engaged  in  the  version 
of  the  Scriptures  set  forth  by  that  monarch. 

Aglionby,  W.    Works  upon  Painting,  Lond.,  1 685,  Ac. 

Aguilar,  Grace,  was  born  at  Hackney,  England, 
June,  1816.  Her  father  was  Emanuel  Aguilar,  a  merchant, 
descended  from  the  Jews  of  Spain.  She  went  abroad  for 
her  health,  and  died  in  Frankfort,  in  1847.  She  could  not 
speak  for  some  time  before  her  decease  j  but  having  learned 
to  use  her  fingers  in  the  manner  of  the  deaf  and  dumb, 
almost  the  last  time  they  moved,  it  was  to  spell  upon  them 
feebly, — "  Though  He  slay  me,  yet  will  I  trust  in  Him." 
She  wrote  The  Magic  Wreath,  a  little  poetical  work ;  Home 
Influence,  Mother's  Recompense,  Jewish  Faith,  its  Conso 
lation,  <fec.,  Records  of  Israel,  Women  of  Israel,  Vale  of 
Cedars,  Woman's  Friendship,  Days  of  Bruce,  and  Home 
Scenes  and  Heart  Studies.  Several  of  these  were  pub 
lished  after  her  death. 

Home  Influence,  a  Tale  for  Mothers  and  Daughters, 
second  edition,  in  1  vol.,  with  a.  Memoir  of  the  Author. 

Agutter,  Wm.     Sundry  Sermons,  Lond.,  1796-1808. 

Ahlers,  C.     Woman  of  Godalming,  London,  1726. 

Aickin,  J.     On  Grammar,  1693;  Counterfeiting,  1696. 

Aickin,  J.     Sermon,  published  Dublin,  1705. 

A  i  Ken.     Sermons,  Edinburgh,  1767. 

Aikin,  Anna  L.     See  BARBAULD. 

Aikin,  Arthur,  was  one  of  the  editors  of  the  Annals 
of  Philosophy,  and  a  voluminous  writer  upon  Mineralogy 
and  Chemistry.  He  edited  The  Annual  Review,  1803,  <fec., 
7  vols.  His  Journal  of  a  Tour  through  North  Wales,  Ac., 
1797,  Stevenson  praises  as  "an  admirable  specimen  of  a 
mineralogical  and  geological  tour." 

Aikin,  C.  R.,  surgeon,  London,  in  conjunction  with 
the  above  published  a  Dictionary  of  Chemistry,  1807-14. 
He  was  the  author  of  several  other  professional  works. 

Aikin,  E.     Architectural  works,  London,  1808-1810. 

Aikin,  J.,  contributor  to  Phil.  Trans.,  1774. 

Aikin,  John,  M.D.,  1747-1822,  born  at  Kibworth, 
Harcourt,  was  the  only  son  of  Rev.  J.  Aikin,  LL.D.,  and 
brother  of  Anna  Letitia  Aikin,  afterwards  Mrs.  Barbauld. 
He  attended  the  lectures  of  Dr.  John  Hunter  in  1770,  and 
took  the  degree  of  M.  D.  at  Leyden.  His  first  publications 
were  professional,  and  very  favourably  received.  In  1772 
he  published  his  vol.  of  Essays  on  Song  Writing,  which  has 


AIK 


AIN 


been  commended  as  "a  much  esteemed  and  elegant  collec 
tion."  In  1775  he  published  A  Specimen  of  the  Medical 
Biography  of  Great  Britain,  which  was  sufficiently  approved 
to  induce  him  to  prepare  a  volume  of  Biographical  Me 
moirs  of  Medicine  in  Great  Britain,  from  the  revival  of 
Literature  to  the  time  of  Hervey,  London,  1780.  About 
the  year  1792,  in  conjunction  with  his  sister,  he  commenced 
the  Evenings  at  Home,  completed  in  6  volumes  in  1795. 
Almost  the  whole  of  the  matter  was  the  production  of  the 
doctor's  pen. 

"  These  little  books  are  too  well  known  to  require  any  comment ; 
and  they  have  led  the  way  to  many  others  of  a  similar  nature,  and 
been  translated  into  almost  every  European  language." 

He  next  published  the  Letters  from  a  Father  to  a  Son. 
From  1796-1807  he  was  literary  editor  of  the  Monthly 
Magazine.  In  January,  1807,  he  started  the  Athenaeum, 
which  was  discontinued  in  1809.  He  commenced,  in  1796, 
a  General  Biography,  in  which  Mr.  Nicholson,  Drs.  En- 
field  and  Morgan,  and  others,  assisted  him.  This  work 
extended  to  ten  quarto  volumes,  and  was  published  1799- 
1815,  having  employed  the  doctor  nearly  twenty  years; 
yet  time  was  found  by  him  for  various  other  literary  works. 
— Rose's  New  Biog.  Diet.  Widely  different  opinions  have 
been  entertained  as  to  the  merit  of  Aikin's  Biographical 
Dictionary.  Mr.  Gifford  calls  it  a  "  worthless  compilation," 
whilst  Roscoe,  in  his  Life  of  Leo  X.,  praises  it  as  "  a  work 
which  does  not  implicitly  adopt  prescriptive  errors,  but 
evinces  a  sound  judgment,  a  manly  freedom  of  sentiment, 
and  a  correct  taste."  Here  is  a  vast  difference  of  opinion  ! 
We  find  some  reference  to  this  work  in  Mr.  Southey's  Cor 
respondence  : 

"  Did  I  tell  you,"  he  writes  to  his  brother,  "  that  I  have  promised 
to  supply  the  lives  of  th«  Spanish  and  Portuguese  authors  in  the 
remaining  volumes  of  Dr.  Aikin's  great  General  Biography?"  In 
1807,  he  tells  Longman  &  Co.,  "  At  Dr.  Aikin's  request,  I  have  un 
dertaken  (long  since)  the  Spanish  and  Portuguese  literary  part  of 
his  biography.  Some  articles  appeared  in  the  last  volume,  and  few 
as  they  are,  I  suppose  they  entitle  me  to  it.  Will  you  ask  Dr.  A. 
if  this  be  the  case?" 

From  1811-15,  he  edited  Dodsley's  Annual  Register.  In 
1820,  his  last  publication,  the  Select  Works  of  the  British 
Poets,  (Johnson  to  Beattie,)  made  its  appearance.  A  con 
tinuation  of  the  series  by  other  hands  has  been  published. 
Dr.  Aikin  died  December  7,  1822.  He  was  emphatically 
a  literary  man.  Dr.  Watt  gives  a  list  of  about  fifty  publi 
cations  of  this  industrious  and  useful  writer. 

Aikin,  Lucy,  daughter  of  the  preceding,  authoress  of 
several  historical  and  other  works.  Epistles.  Juvenile 
Correspondence.  Memoirs  of  the  Court  of  James  I.,  Lon., 
1822,  2  vols.  8vo. 

"  An  admirable  historical  work,  nearly  as  entertaining  as  a  novel, 
and  far  more  instructive  than  most  histories." — Edinburgh  Review. 

Miss  Aikin  has  also  given  to  the  world,  Mem.  of  the  Court 
of  Queen  Eliz.,  1818,  2  vols.  8vo;  of  the  Court  of  Charles 
L,  1833,  2  vols.  8vo ;  Life  of  Addison,  1843,  2  vols.  8vo. 

Aikman,  Jas.     Poems,  chiefly  lyrical,  Edin.,  1816. 

Ailmer,  John.     See  AYLMER. 

Ailred  of  Rievaux,  1109-1166.  The  name  of  this 
eminent  writer,  which  was  properly  Ethelred,  is  variously 
spelt  in  old  manuscripts,  Ailred,  Aelred,  Aired,  Ealred, 
Alured,  <fcc.  Ailred,  the  most  usual  form,  appears  to  be 
merely  a  north-country  abbreviation  of  Ethelred.  He  was 
born  in  1109,  and  was  educated  in  company  with  Henry, 
eon  of  David,  King  of  Scotland,  whose  friendship,  as  well 
as  that  of  his  father,  he  continued  long  to  enjoy;  and  the 
latter  would  have  raised  him  to  a  bishopric,  but  he  prefer 
red  entering  himself  as  a  Cistercian  monk  in  the  Abbey  of 
Rievaux,  in  the  North  Riding  of  Yorkshire.  Here  his  vir 
tues  and  abilities  were  soon  acknowledged  by  his  fellow- 
monks,  and  he  was  made  master'  of  the  novices.  His 
monkish  biographer  tells  us  that  his  extraordinary  sanctity 
was  exhibited  by  miracles  which  he  performed  almost  in 
his  childhood.  After  remaining  some  time  at  Rievaux, 
Ailred  was  removed  to  be  made  abbot  of  the  monastery  of 
Revesby  in  Lincolnshire,  which  was  a  more  recent  founda 
tion  of  the  Cistercian  order.  He  died  on  the  12th  oi"  Janu 
ary,  1 166,  at  the  age  of  fifty-seven.  As  an  historical  writer, 
Ailred  has  little  importance  in  comparison  even  with  the 
ordinary  chroniclers  of  his  age,  for  he  too  generally  pre 
fers  improbable  legends  to  sober  truth.  His  historical 
works  are  not  very  numerous.  They  consist  of,  1.  The 
Life  of  Edward  the  Confessor,  which  has  been  frequently 
printed.  2.  An  account  of  the  Battle  of  the  Standard, 
printed  by  Twysden.  3.  A  work  entitled  in  the  old  cata 
logue  of  Rievaux,  De  Generositate  et  Moribus  et  Morte 
regis  David,  which  also  has  been  printed  by  Twysden,  who 
gives  it  the  title  Genealogia  regum  Anglorum.  This  book, 
dedicated  to  Henry  II.  before  his  accession  to  the  throne, 


begins  with  an  account  of  David,  King  of  Scotland,  which 
is  followed  by  a  brief  history  of  the  Anglo-Saxon  and 
Anglo-Norman  kings.  The  old  bibliographers  have  made 
more  than  one  book  out  of  this  tract.  4.  The  Life  of  St. 
Margaret,  Queen  of  Scotland,  which  is  only  preserved  in 
an  abridged  form.  5.  The  Story  of  a  Nun  of  Watton  in 
Yorkshire,  who  was  seduced  and  afterwards  repented. 
6,  7.  The  early  catalogue  of  the  library  of  Rievaux, 
printed  in  the  Reliquiae  Antiquae,  enumerates,  among  Ail- 
red's  writings,  a  Vita  Sancti  Niniani  Episcopi,  and  a  trea 
tise  De  Miraculis  Hagustaldensis  Ecclesiae.  The  Life  of 
St.  Ninianus  was  formerly  in  MS.,  Cotton.  Tiberius  D.  3, 
now  nearly  destroyed.  The  Miracles  of  the  Church  of 
Hexham  are  preserved  in  the  Bodleian  Library.  John  of 
Peterborough,  under  the  date  1153,  observes,  "Here  ends 
the  chronicle  of  Ailred."  Ailred's  theological  writings  are 
more  numerous,  and  consist  of,  8.  Thirty-three  homilies  or 
sermons,  De  Onere  Babylonis,  on  the  thirteenth,  fourteenth, 
fifteenth,  and  sixteenth  chapters  of  Isaiah,  addressed  to 
Gilbert,  Bishop  of  London,  and  therefore  written  after  1161. 
9.  The  Speculum,  or  Mirror  of  Divine  Love.  10.  A  Com 
pendium  Speculi  Charitatis.  11.  A  dialogue  De  Spiritual! 
Amicitia,  the  plan  of  which  arose  from  the  perusal  of  the 
treatise  De  Amicitia  of  Cicero.  12.  A  tract  on  the  words 
of  the  evangelist,  Cum  factus  esset  Jesus  annorum  duode 
cimo  anno  Christi,  which  is  sometimes  entitled  De  duo 
decimo  anno  Christi.  This  work,  and  the  four  preceding, 
were  collected  and  printed  at  Douai  early  in  the  seventeenth 
century,  by  Richard  Gibbons,  a  Jesuit,  and  were  reprinted 
in  the  Bibliotheca  Patrum.  13.  Liber  de  Institutione  In- 
clusarum,  or  the  Rule  of  Nuns.  This,  being  found  with 
out  the  name  of  the  author,  was  printed  among  the  works 
of  St.  Augustine,  but  it  was  given  under  Ailred's  name  in 
the  collection  of  monastic  rules  published  by  Lucas  Hol- 
stenius.  It  is  enumerated  among  Ailred's  works  in  the 
early  catalogue  of  the  Rievaux  library.  14.  He  wrote  a 
considerable  number  of  homilies  and  sermons,  some  of 
which  have  been  printed.  Thirty-two  of  his  sermons  are 
intermixed  with  those  of  St.  Bernard  in  a  manuscript  at 
Lambeth,  and  twenty-five  inedited  sermons  of  th&  same 
writer  were  printed  in  the  Bibliotheca  Cisterciensium. 
15.  A  large  collection  of  epistles  by  Ailred  appear  to  be 
entirely  lost.  16.  His  dialogue  De  Natura  Animae  is  pre 
served  in  the  Bodleian  Library,  MS.  Bodl.  Mus.  52. 
17.  The  old  catalogue  of  Rievaux  mentions  a  work  by 
Ailred,  entitled  Fasciculus  Frondium. 

His  rhythmical  prose  in  honour  of  St.  Cuthbert,  as  well 
as  his  "  Epitaph  on  the  Kings  of  Scotland,"  is  lost,  unless 
the  latter  be  the  prosaic  Chronicon  Rhythmicum  printed 
at  the  end  of  the  Chronicon  of  Mailros,  in  the  edition  by 
Mr.  Stevenson.  Among  the  manuscripts  of  Caius  College, 
Cambridge,  according  to  Tanner,  there  is  a  version  of  the 
Life  of  St.  Edward  in  Leonine  Latin  Elegiacs,  ascribed  to 
Ailred,  and  commencing  with  the  line, — 

Cum  tibi,  Lauren ti,  cogor  parere  jubentl. 

On  account  of  this  poem,  Leyser  admits  Ailred  into  his 
list  of  mediaeval  Latin  poets. — Abbreviated  from  Wright's 
Biog.  Brit.  Lit. 

Ainslie,  Alex.,  M.D.  Medical  writer,  Edin.,  1753,  Ac. 

Ainslie,  Hew.,  b.  1792,  Ayrshire,  Scot.,  settled  in 
America,  1822.  1.  Pilgrimage  to  the  Land  of  Burns.  2. 
Scottish  Songs,  Ballads,  and  Poems,  1855,  N.  York,  12mo. 

Ainslie,  J.  Treatise  on  Surveying,  Edinburgh,  1812. 
Tables  for  computing  Weights  of  Hay,  <fec.,  London,  1806. 
Farmer's  Pocket  Companion,  Edinburgh,  1812.  Treatise 
on  Land  Surveying.  A  new  and  enlarged  Edition,  em 
bracing  Railway,  Military,  Marine,  and  Geodetical  Sur 
veying.  Edited  by  W.  Galbraith,  M.A.,  F.R.A.S.  In  8vo, 
with  a  quarto  volume  ofc  plates,  price  21s. 

"  The  best  book  on  surveying  with  which  I  am  acquainted."— 
WILLIAM  RUTHERFORD,  LL.D.,  F.R.A^B.,  Royal  Military  Academy. 
Woolwich. 

Ainslie,  Robert.  Blindness  and  Indifference  of  Men 
to  Futurity;  a  Discourse  occasioned  by  the  Death  of 
George  the  Fourth,  London,  1830. 

"  It  is  rich  in  practical  and  pointed  reflections  upon  the  thought 
lessness  of  men  in  reference  to  their  eternal  destiny.  The  dis 
course  is  very  creditable  to  the  author,  both  as  a  literary  and 
theological  composition."— Evan.  Mag.,  1830. 

Reasons  for  the  Hope  that  is  in  us.  A  Series  of  Essays 
on  the  Evidences  of  Natural  and  Revealed  Religion,  the 
Immortality  of  the  Soul,  &c.,  London,  1838. 

Ainslie,  Sir  Robert.  Views  in  Egypt,  Palestine,  and 
the  Ottoman  Empire,  London,  2  vols.  fol. 

Ainslie,  W.,  M.D.,  A.  Smith  and  M.  Christie,  M.D. 
Medical,  Geographical,  and  Agricultural  Report  by  them, 
on  the  Causes  of  the  Epidemical  Fever,  which  prevailed 

41 


AIN 


AIT 


in   the   Provinces  of  Caimbatore,  Madeira,  Dinigal,  and 
Tinnevelly,  in  1809-10-11,  Lon.,  1816. 

Ains worth,  Henry,  D.D.,  d.  1662,  date  and  place  of 
birth  unknown.  He  became  a  Brownist  in  1590,  and  suf 
fered  in  the  persecutions  which  that  sect  endured.  He 
found  a  refuge  in  Holland,  where  he  laboured  with  Mr. 
Johnson  in  raising  a  church  at  Amsterdam,  and  in  com 
piling  A  Confession  of  Faith  of  the  People  called  Brown- 
ists.  He  was  noted,  even  in  his  youth,  for  his  knowledge 
of  the  learned  languages,  especially  for  his  skill  in  the 
Hebrew  tongue.  He  applied  himself  with  great  diligence 
to  the  study  of  the  Rabbins,  and  is  thought  to  have  owed 
his  death  to  his  zeal  for  the  conversion  of  the  Jews.  Hav 
ing  found  a  diamond  of  great  value,  he  restored  it  to  its 
owner,  a  Jew,  who  begged  him  to  accept  a  reward.  Ains 
worth  stipulated  for  an  opportunity  of  a  disputation  with 
some  of  the  Rabbis  upon  the  Old  Testament  prophecies 
relating  to  the  Messiah.  The  Jew  acceded  to  his  request, 
but  unable  or  unwilling  to  perform  his  promise,  had  the 
zealous  divine  poisoned,  thus  evincing  the  odium  theolo- 
gicum  to  a  remarkable  degree.  Narrations  of  this  character 
are  to  be  received  with  great  caution.  His  Annotations 
on  the  Psalms  were  printed  in  1612, 4to ;  on  the  Pentateuch, 
2  vols.  4to,  1621;  and  (folio)  in  1627  and  1639.  His  trea 
tise,  A  Counter-Poison  against  Bernard  and  Crashaw,  1608, 
excited  much  attention,  and  was  answered  by  Bishop  Hall. 
Few  authors  have  been  more  quoted  by  learned  men  of 
various  countries  than  Dr.  Ainsworth.  Walch  observes  of 
his  Commentaries  on  the  Psalms,  "Monstrant  istse  erudi- 
tioncm  non  mediocrum  ac  merito  laudantur."  In  1690, 
the  work  was  translated  into  Dutch,  and  Poole  has  incor 
porated  the  substance  of  it  in  his  Latin  synopsis. 

Dr.  Doddridge  and  Dr.  Adam  Clarke  express  a  high 
opinion  of  the  value  of  the  Annotations. 

Ainsworth,  J.  Obs.  rel.  to  a  pro.  Duty  on  Cotton,  1813. 
Ainsworth,  Robert,  1660-1743,  well  known  as  the 
author  of  a  work  which  many  profit  by  at  first  against 
their  will — the  Dictionary  of  the  Latin  Tongue.  Mr. 
Ainsworth  was  born  at  Woodyale  near  Manchester.  His 
Dictionary  cost  him  twenty  years'  labour,  and  was  first 
published  in  1736.  It  was  dedicated  to  that  eminent 
scholar,  one  of  the  brightest  ornaments  of  the  medical  pro 
fession,  Dr.  Richard  Mead,  of  whom  we  shall  have  more 
to  say  in  his  place.  Of  the  Dictionary,  there  have  been 
improved  editions  by  Patrick,  Ward,  Young,  Carey,  <fcc. 
This  work  was  far  better  than  any  that  preceded  it.  Since 
its  publication  the  treasures  of  the  Latin  tongue  have 
been  greatly  developed  by  classical  scholars  in  Germany 
and  elsewhere.  The  lexicons  of  Gesner,  Facciolati,  Shel- 
ler,  Georges,  and  Freund  are  of  inestimable  value  to  the 
student.  The  Wb'rterbuch  der  Lateinischen  Sprache  of  Dr. 
Wilhelm  Freund  was  published  in  Leipzig  in  four  volumes, 
containing  4500  pages,  in  the  following  order:  vol.  i. 
(A— C)  in  1834;  vol.  iv.  (R— Z)  in  1840;  vol.  ii.  (D— K) 
in  1844;  and  vol.  iii.  (L — Q)  in  1845.  Upon  the  basis  of 
this  work  Dr.  E.  A.  Andrews's  Lexicon  is  founded. 

Ainsworth,  Wm.,  author  of  Marrow  of  the  Bible,  in 
Verse,  Lon.,  1652,  and  of  other  works. 

Ainsworth,  Wm.  Triplex  Memoriale,  &c.,  1650. 
Ainsworth,  William  Francis,  M.D.,  b.  1807,  at 
Exeter;  studied  medicine  and  graduated  at  Edinburgh; 
took  charge  of  the  Journal  of  Natural  and  Geographical 
Science,  1828.  1.  Researches  in  Babylonia,  Syria,  <fcc.,  1842, 
Lon.,  8vo.  2.  Travels  and  Researches  in  Asia  Minor 
Mesopotamia,  <&c.,  2  vols.  p.  8vo.  3.  Travels  in  the  Track 
of  the  Ten  Thousand  Greeks,  1844,  p.  8vo.  4.  The  Claims 
of  the  Christian  Aborigines  in  the  East. 

Ainsworth,  W.  Harrison,  novelist,  b.  1805,  and  in 
tended  for  the  law.  In  1826,  he  pub.  a  novel,  John  Cheverton, 
•which  was  commended  by  Sir  Walter  Scott.  In  1834,  Rook- 
wood  appeared,  followed  (after  pub.  of  Crichton)  by  another 
bad  book  of  the  same  class,  Jack  Sheppard.  Works  of  this 
mischievous  character  might  be  very  appropriately  pub 
lished  as  a  series,  under  the  title  of  the  "  Tyburn  Plutarch." 
We  are  glad  that  the  author  has  struck  upon  a  better  vein 
in  his  later  works  of  fiction.  The  Tower  of  London,  Old 
Saint  Paul's,  Windsor  Castle,  and  St.  James's  Palace,  are 
thought  much  more  creditable  to  the  novelist  than  the 
works  above  censured.  Mr.  Ainsworth  resides  in  the 
neighbourhood  of  Kilburn;  he  edits  the  New  Monthly, 
and  the  magazine  which  bears  his  name. 

Ainsworth,  T.  The  Validity  of  Episcopal  Ordina 
tion,  and  invalidity  of  any  other,  considered  in  Three 
Letters  between  a  Presbyter  of  the  Church  of  England 
(T.  Ainsworth)  and  a  Dissenting  Teacher,  (Asher  Hum 
phreys,)  Oxford,  1719. 

Ainsworth,  Thomas,  Vicar  of  Kimbolton.   Sermon : 
42 


I  Cor.  iii.  21-23.  True  Riches,  or  the  Christian's  Posses 
sions,  London,  1840.  Sermon :  2  Tim.  iv.  5.  Pastoral 
Duties,  (Visitation,)  London,  1844. 

Airay,  Christopher,  1601-1670,  of  Queen's  College. 
Oxford,  author  of  a  work  on  Logic,  and  some  other  treatises. 

Airay,  Henry,  1559-1616,  Provost  of  King's  College, 
Oxford,  author  of  a  number  of  theological  works.  The 
Lectures  upon  Philippians  were  published  1618. 

Aird,  James*  Case  of  Spasms  in  the  Oesophagus; 
Medical  Essay. 

Aird,  Thomas,  b.  1802,  at  Bowden,  Roxburyshire. 
A  poet  of  much  promise,  author  of  the  beautiful  stanzas 
entitled  My  Mother's  Grave.  He  has  pub.  The  Captive 
of  Fez;  Old  Bachelor  in  the  Old  Scottish  Village;  Ithuriel, 
and  other  poems ;  Poetical  Works,  new  and  complete  ed., 
Edin,,  1846,  sm.  8vo:  see  Lon.  Athen.,  1485,  April  12, 1856. 
Religious  Characteristics.  Ed.  Poems  of  David  Macbeth 
Moir,  (the  "  Delta"  of  Blackwood's  Mag.,)  with  Memoir 
prefixed,  1852,  2  vols.  p.  8vo. 

Aires,  Joseph.     Two  Serins,  on  Prov.  xiv.  34,  1715. 

Airy,  George  Biddell,  b.  July,  1801,  at  Alnwick, 
Northumberland,  Astronomer-Royal  of  England;  entered 
Trinity  Coll.  at  the  age  of  18 ;  took  the  degree  of  B.A., 
1823  ;  in  1826,  took  the  degree  M.A.,  and  was  appointed  to 
the  Lucasian  Professorship;  in  1828,  was  elected  Plumian 
Prof,  of  Astronomy  and  Director  of  the  newly-erected  Ob 
servatory  at  Cambridge;  he  was  appointed  Astronomer- 
Royal  in  1835,  on  the  resignation  of  Mr.  Pond,  and,  in 
the  same  year,  was  elected  President  of  the  Roy.  Ast.  Soc. 
1.  Reductions  of  Observations  of  the  Moon,  1750-1830,  2 
vols.  4to. 

"An  immense  magazine  of  dormant  facts  contained  in  the 
Annals  of  the  Royal  Observatory  are  rendered  available  to  astro 
nomical  use." — ADMIRAL  SMYTH. 

2.  Astronomical  Observations,  Greenwich,  1845-53, 9  vols. 
4to.  3.  Explanation  of  the  Solar  System,  8vo.  4.  Lectures 
on  Astronomy  at  Ipswich,  1848,  Svo;  3d  ed.,  1856.  5. 
Mathematical  Tracts  on  Physical  Astronomy,  Svo;  4th  ed., 
1858.  6.  Treatise  on  Gravitation,  Svo.  Contrib.  "  Figure 
of  the  Earth"  and  "  Tides  and  Waves"  to  Encyclopedia 
Metropolitana,  "  Gravitation"  to  Penny  Cyclopedia,  and 
numerous  valuable  papers  to  Philosophical  Transactions, 
Memoirs  of  Astronomical  Society,  Trans.  Cambridge  Phil. 
Soc.,  <fcc. 

"  Prof.  Airy,  of  Cambridge,  the  first  of  living  mathematicians 
and  astronomers, — the  first  of  this  country,  at  least." — Sir  Robert 
Peel  to  Robert  Southey,  Whitehall,  April  4, 1835 :  Soutiuy's  Life  and 
Corresp.,  chap,  xxxvi. 

The  Royal  Astronomical  Society  awarded  two  of  its 
medals  to  Prof.  Airy, — one  for  his  "  Observations  of  the 
Moon  and  Planets  from  1750  to  1830 ;"  the  other  for  his 
discovery  of  the  "Long  Inequality  of  Venus  and  the 
Earth."  This  paper  was  communicated  to  the  Royal  So 
ciety,  and  was  published  in  the  Philosophical  Transactions. 

Aisbatie,  J.    Speech  before  the  House  of  Lords,  1721. 

Aitchison.    Modern  Gazetteer,  Perth,  1798. 

Aitken,  D.,  Surgeon  R.N.  Con.  to  Ann.  of  Med.,  vii. 
309,  1802. 

Aitken,  John,  M.D.,  d.  1790,  a  teacher  of  anatomy, 
surgery,  &c.  at  Edinburgh ;  he  published  a  number  of  pro 
fessional  essays,  1771-90. 

Aitken,  Robert,  1734-1802,  came  to  America  in 
1769,  and  was  for  a  long  time  a  printer  in  Philadelphia. 
He  has  the  credit  of  the  authorship  of  An  Inquiry  con 
cerning  the  Principles  of  a  Commercial  System  for  the 
United  States.  He  published  an  edition  of  the  Bible, 
copies  of  which  are  now  exceedingly  rare,  and  worth  a 
high  price  among  bibliographers. 

Aitken,  William.     Ten  Sermons,  Edinburgh,  1767. 

Aitkens,  J.     A  work  upon  Fire  Arms,  London,  1781. 

Aitkinson.     Epitome  of  the  Art  of  Navigation,  1759. 

Aitkinson.     Sermons,  London,  1772. 

Aiton,  John,  D.D.,  Minister  of  Dolphinton.  The 
Lands  of  the  Messiah,  Mohammed,  and  the  Pope,  as  visited 
in  1851,  pub.  1852,  Svo,  London. 

"  We  doubt  whether  there  has  yet  been  produced  a  more  amus 
ing  volifhie  upon  the  East.  .  .  Dr.  Alton's  account  of  his  ascent 
of  the  Pyramids  is  so  graphic  that  we  must  give  it  in  his  own 
words;  indeed,  we  question  whether  it  would  have  been  possible 
to  Smollett,  in  his  broadest  comic  mood,  to  heighten  the  effect  of 
the  picture.  .  .  His  sketches  of  the  banks  of  the  Jordan,  and 
the  shores  of  the  Dead  Sea,  possess  considerable  merit." — Slack- 
wood/ 's  Magazine. 

"  Dr.  Aiton,  in  composition,  is  always  clear,  sometimes  eloquent, 
and  occasionally  graphic.  He  is  honest  and  unprejudiced,  and 
looks  on  all  with  which  he  comes  in  contact  with  a  fresh  and 
penetrating  eye.  .  .  .  The  volume  has  honesty  and  freshness, 
and  is  never  dull  or  wearisome."— Fraser's  Magazine, 

Aiton,  William,  agricultural  writer,  Glasg.,  1805-16. 

Aiton,  William,  1731-93   an  eminent  botanist,  and 


AIT 


ARE 


gardener  to  George  III.  Hortus  Kewensis :  or,  a  Cata 
logue  of  the  Plants  cultivated  in  the  Royal  Botanic  Gar 
dens  at  Kew,  illustrated  with  engravings,  London,  1789, 
3  vols.  1810-11,  5  Vols.  See  AITON,  W.  T. 

"  A  most  curious,  instructive,  and  excellent  botanical  work, 
•which  for  scientific  arrangement  and  execution  has  never  been 
surpassed." — LOWNDES. 

Alton,  William  T.,  son  of  the  former,  and  suc 
ceeded  him  as  gardener  to  the  king.  He  published  a  new 
edition  of  Hortus  Kewensis,  (also  an  epitome  of  the  same,) 
and  some  other  horticultural  works. 

Akenside,  Mark,  M.D.,  1721-1770,  was  born  Novem 
ber  9,  at  Newcastle-upon-Tyne.  His  father,  a  butcher  of 
that  place,  intended  him  for  the  ministry  among  the  Dis 
senters,  and  he  was  accordingly  sent  to  the  University  of 
Edinburgh,  where  he  remained  three  years.  Preferring 
the  study  of  physic  to  that  of  divinity,  he  returned  a  sum 
he  had  received  for  the  prosecution  of  his  studies,  and 
took  up  his  residence  at  Leyden,  where,  after  three  years' 
application,  he  took  his  degree  of  M.D.,  May  16,  1744. 
In  the  same  year  he  published  his  Pleasures  of  the  Ima 
gination. 

"  I  have  heard  Dodsley,  by  whom  it  was  published,  relate,  that 
•when  the  copy  was  offered  him,  the  price  demanded  for  it,  which 
was  a  hundred  and  twenty  pounds,  being  such  as  he  was  not  in 
clined  to  give  precipitately,  he  carried  the  work  to  Pope,  who,  hav 
ing  looked  into  it,  advised  him  not  to  make  a  niggardly  offer;  for 
'  this  was  no  every-day  writer.'  " — DR.  JOHNSON. 

The  poem  was  well  received ;  and  its  circulation  not  in 
jured  by  an  attack  from  Warburton,  elicited  by  Akenside's 
having  adopted  Shaftesbury's  assertion  respecting  ridicule 
as  a  test  of  truth.  Jeremiah  Dyson  took  up  the  cudgels 
for  Akenside,  and  thus  the  young  author  "awoke  and 
found  himself  famous."  The  Epistle  to  Curio  was  his 
next  publication.  This  was  an  attack  upon  Pulteney, 
Earl  of  Bath,  upon  political  grounds.  Different  opinions, 
of  course,  were  expressed  of  the  merits  of  this  epistle. 

"  A  very  acrimonious  epistle."— DR.  JOHNSON. 

"Impressive,  moral,  and  sensible  production." — Hutchinsori's 
Biographia  Medica. 

In  1745  he  published  his  first  collection  of  odes,  and 
soon  after  commenced  the  practice  of  medicine  at  North 
ampton,  which  he  quitted  for  Hampstead,  and  in  two 
years  and  a  half  for  London.  His  generous  friend,  Mr. 
Dyson,  who  had  before  drawn  his  pen  on  his  behalf,  now 
generously  drew  his  purse,  and  made  him  the  handsome 
allowance  of  £300  per  annum.  In  June,  1751,  the  Royal 
College  of  Physicians  associated  him  as  a  licentiate,  and 
in  April,  1754,  he  was  elected  a  Fellow  of  the  College, 
having  received  a  doctor's  degree  the  preceding  year  by 
mandamus  at  Cambridge.  In  1759  he  received  the  ap 
pointment  of  assistant  physician  to  St.  Thomas's  Hospital, 
and  was  shortly  after  made  one  of  the  physicians  to  the 
queen.  He  was  selected  by  the  College  of  Physicians  to 
deliver  the  Gulstonian  lectures  in  1755,  and  the  Croonian 
in  1756.  Akenside  was  obtaining  considerable  eminence, 
when  he  was  attacked  by  a  putrid  fever,  which  proved 
fatal  on  the  23d  of  June,  1770,  in  his  49th  year.  We 
should  not  omit  to  mention  that  his  thesis  upon  taking 
his  degree  of  M.D.  at  Leyden,  entitled  De  Ortu  et  Incre- 
mento  Foetus  Humani,  took  new  grounds  upon  the  subject, 
which  experience  has  since  confirmed. 

In  his  professional  conduct  to  the  indigent  patients 
placed  under  his  charge,  Akenside  cannot  be  too  much 
blamed.  Dr.  Lettsom,  a  pupil  at  the  hospital,  tells  some 
unpleasant  truths  respecting  this  matter,  which  the  bio 
grapher  would  gladly  spare.  He  was 

"  Supercilious  and  unfeeling.  If  the  poor  affrighted  patients 
did  not  return  a  direct  answer  to  his  queries,  he  would  instantly 
discharge  them  from  the  hospital;  he  evinced  a  particular  disgust 
to  females,  and  generally  treated  them  with  harshness.  One  leg 
of  Akenside  was  considerably  shorter  than  the  other,  which 
obliged  him  to  wear  a  false  heel.  He  had  a  pale,  strumous  coun 
tenance,  but  was  always  very  neat  and  elegant  in  his  dress.  He 
wore  a  large  white  wig,  and  carried  a  long  sword." 

We  are  told  that  sometimes  he  would  order  some  of  the 
attendants  on  his  visiting  days  to  precede  him  with 
brooms  to  clear  the  way,  and  prevent  too  near  an  approach 
of  the  patients.  Biography  is  a  faithful  friend  to  the 
race,  when  obliged  to  register  the  faults  and  follies  of 
genius.  The  living  are  thus  taught  circumspection  in 
their  "  walk  and  conversation."  How  little  did  Akenside 
suppose  that  a  century  hence  thousands  who  admired  the 
poet,  would  be  forced  to  detest  the  physician,  and  despise 
the  fop !  The  pride  of  Akenside,  and  his  rough  treatment 
of  his  indigent  patients,  are  the  more  striking  when  we 
consider  that  he  himself  was  a  pensioner  of  the  generous 
Jeremiah  Dyson.  His  lofty  pretension,  too,  was  suicidal  to 
bis  pride,  as  it  was  a  continual  remembrancer  of  his  obscure 


parentage : — obscure,  but  no  subject  for  shame.  As  a  son 
of  a  butcher,  he  was  perfectly  respectable ;  when  aping 
fashion  and  rank,  he  was  supremely  ridiculous.  Roche 
foucauld  truly  says  that  "we  are  never  ridiculous  for 
what  we  are,  but  only  for  what  we  pretend  to  be." 

We  turn  to  a  more  agreeable  theme.  The  Pleasures  of 
the  Imagination  has  been  deservedly  commended  for  all 
the  excellencies  of  style,  language,  and  illustration  which 
constitute  a  poem  of  the  first  order.  Dr.  Johnson  speaks 
of  it  as  raising  expectations  that  were  not  very  amply 
satisfied : 

"It  has,  undoubtedly,  a  just  claim  to  very  particular  notice,  as 
an  example  of  great  felicity  of  genius,  and  uncommon  amplitude 
of  acquisitions;  of  a  young  rniiid  stored  with  images,  and  much 
exercised  in  combining  and  comparing  them.  .  .  .  The  subject  is 
well  chosen,  as  it  includes  all  images  that  can  strike  or  please,  and 
thus  comprises  every  species  of  poetical  delight." 

"As  I  know  that  Akenside;s  work  on  the  Pleasures  of  Imagina 
tion  is  deservedly  one  of  your  most  favourite  poems,  I  send  you 
enclosed  what,  I  have  no  doubt,  you  \yill  set  a  due  value  upon — 
no  less  than  a  copy  of  all  the  corrections  he  made  with  his  own 
hand  on  the  poem.  They  were  inserted  in  the  margin  of  his 
printed  copy,  which  afterwards  passed  into  the  hands  of  a  gentle 
man,  from  a  friend  of  whom,  and  of  my  own,  a  very  ingenious 
young  Templar,  I  received  them." — •PINKERTON  :  Heron's  Letters. 

These  marginal  alterations  were  published  by  Mr. 
Pinkerton. 

"Had  Akenside  completed  his  plan,  his  poem  would  have  lost 
as  much  in  poetry  as  it  would  have  gained  in  philosophy." — DR. 
AIKIN. 

Akenside  intended  to  revise  and  enlarge  this  poem,  but 
he  died  before  his  intention  was  fulfilled. 

"  His  periods  are  long  but  harmonious,  the  cadences  fall  with 
grace,  and  the  measure  is  supported  with  dignity." 

Johnson  declares  that 

"  Of  his  odes  nothing  favourable  can  be  said ;  the  sentiments 
commonly  want  force,  nature,  or  novelty ;  the  diction  is  some 
times  harsh  and  uncouth,"  &c. 

Yet  when  Mr.  Elliott  (father  of  Lord  Minto)  was  com 
mended  for  his  eloquent  speech  in  support  of  the  Scotch 
militia,  he  exclaimed, 

"  If  I  was  above  myself,  I  can  account  for  it ;  for  I  had  been 
animated  by  the  sublime  ode  of  Dr.  Akenside." 

Gray  censures  the  tone  of  false  philosophy  which  is  to 
be  observed  in  the  Pleasures  of  the  Imagination : 

"  The  pleasures  which  this  poem  professes  to  treat  of,  proceed 
either  from  natural  objects,  as  from  a  flourishing  grove,  a  clear 
and  murmuring  fountain,  a  calm  sea  by  moonlight,  or  from  works 
of  art,  such  as  a  noble  edifice,  a  musical  tune,  a  statue,  a  picture, 


Dr.  Dibdin  denominates  Akenside 

"The  most  perfect  builder  of  our  blank  verse.  Why  are  his 
Pleasures  of  the  Imagination  so  little  perused  ?  There  are  a  hun 
dred  (I  had  wellnigh  said  a  thousand)  electrical  passages  in  this 
charming  poem." 

"  Akenside's  picture  of  man  is  grand  and  beautiful,  but  un 
finished.  The  immortality  of  the  soul,  which  is  the  natural  con 
sequence  of  the  appetites  and  powers  she  is  invested  with,  is 
scarcely  once  hinted  throughout  the  poem." — WALKER. 

"If  his  genius  is  to  be  estimated  from  this  poem,  it  will  be 
found  to  be  lofty  and  elegant,  chaste,  correct,  and  classical." — 
MRS.  BARBAULD. 

"  In  his  poem,  as  an  elegant  critic  has  observed  with  great  pro 
priety,  he  has  united  the  grace  of  Virgil,  the  colouring  of  Milton, 
the  incidental  expression  of  Shakspeare,  to  paint  the  finest  fea 
tures  of  the  human  mind,  and  the  most  lovely  forms  of  true 
morality  and  religion."— Sucre's  Life  of  Akenside. 

"Akenside's  Pleasures  of  the  Imagination  is  a  very  brilliant 
and  pleasing  production.  Every  page  shows  the  refined  taste  and 
cultivated  mind  of  the  author.  That  it  can  strictly  be  called  a 

work  of  genius,  I  am  not  prepared  to  admit His  Hymns 

and  Odes  have  long  since  fallen  into  oblivion,  and  I  do  not  feel 
inclined  to  disturb  their  rest.  His  Inscriptions,  however,  have 
an  attic  terseness  and  force,  which  are  unequalled  by  any  produc 
tions  of  the  same  class  in  our  language,  excepting,  perhaps,  a  few 
by  our  contemporary,  Southey."— Neele's  Lectures  on  English 
Poetry. 

Campbell  remarks : 

"  The  sweetness  which  we  miss  in  Akenside  is  that  which  should 
arise  from  the  direct  representations  of  life,  and  its  warm  realities 
and  affections.  We  seem  to  pass  in  his  poem  through  a  gallery  of 
pictured  abstractions,  rather  than  of  pictured  things." 

"  If  any  young  man  of  genius,  classical  learning,  and  poetical 
ardour,  would  present  the  world  with  a  Greek  translation  of 
Akenside's  Hymn  to  the  Naiads,  and  submit  it  to  the  correction 
of  an  experienced  Greek  scholar  before  publication,  he  might  es 
tablish  a  learned  and  honourable  reputation  for  himself,  and  add 
another  composition  worthy  of  Homer  or  Callimachus.  Sic  liceat 
magnas  Graiorum  implere  catervas." — Pursuits  of  Literature. 

"  BOSWELL  :  '  Akenside's  distinguished  poem  is  his  Pleasures  of 
Imagination ;  but,  for  my  part,  I  never  could  admire  it  so  much 
as  most  people  do.'  JOHNSON  :  '  Sir,  I  could  not  read  it  through.' 
BOSWELL  :  '  I  have  read  it  through ;  but  I  did  not  find  any  great 
power  in  it.' " 

But  on  another  occasion  Johnson  gave  it  as  his  opinion 
that  Akenside  was  a  poet  superior  to  both  Gray  and  Ma 
son.  Boswell  tells  us  that 

43 


ARE 


ALB 


"  When  Akenside's  Pleasures  of  Imagination  first  came  out, 
he  did  not  put  his  name  to  the  poem.  Kolt  went  over  to  Dublin, 
published  an  edition  of  it,  and  put  his  own  name  to  it.  Upon  the 
fame  of  this  he  lived  for  several  months,  being  entertained  at  the 
best  tables,  as  the  ingenious  Mr.  Rolt." 

We  need  hardly  inform  those  conversant  with  literary 
history  that  this  story  has  been  refuted.  We  shall  excite 
a  smile  from  our  reader,  when  we  beg  him  to  remember 
that  bigoted  worshipper  of  the  Greeks  and  Romans,  that 
getter-up  of  that  renowned  "  dinner  after  the  manner  of 
the  ancients," — the  inimitable  physician  in  Peregrine 
Pickle!  The  original  of  this  mirth-compelling  son  of 
jEsculapius  was  no  less  a  person  than  our  pompous  friend 
—Doctor  Akenside.  Tobias  Smollett  was  a  rare  hand  at 
a  portrait!  Mr.  D'Israeli  rates  Dr.  S.  soundly  for  thus 
"  taking  off"  his  brother  of  the  lancet  and  bolus  : 

"  Piqued  with  Akenside,  for  some  reflections  against  Scotland, 
Smollett  has  exhibited  a  man  of  great  genius  and  virtue  as  a  most 
ludicrous  personage;  and  who  can  discriminate,  in  the  ridiculous 
physician  in  Peregrine  Pickle,  what  is  real  from  what  is  fictitious  ?" 
^Calamities  of  Authors. 

Akenside's  works:  1.  Pleasures  of  Imagination,  Lon 
don,  1744,  4to,  1763,  8vo,  with  a  Critical  Essay  by  Mrs. 
Barbauld,  London,  1795,  12mo.  Numerous  editions.  In 
Italian.  Par.  1764.  2.  Ode  to  Lord  Huntingdon,  London, 
1748.  3.  An  Ode  to  the  Country  Gentlemen  of  England, 
London,  1757.  4.  An  Ode  to  the  late  Thomas  Edwards, 
London,  1763.  5.  Notes  on  the  Postscript  of  a  Pamphlet, 
entitled,  Observations  Anatomical  and  Physiological,  by 
Alexander  Munro,  Jr.,  London,  1758.  6.  Oratio  Har- 
veiana,  1760.  7.  De  Dysenteria  Commentarius,  London, 
1764.  The  same,  translated  into  English,  by  Dr.  Ryan, 
London,  1766,  and  by  Mr.  Motteux,  1768.  8.  Poems,  Lon 
don,  1772.  9.  Poetical  Works,  including  the  Virtuosa,  a 
Fragment  never  before  published,  with  the  Life  of  the 
Author,  London,  1804.  10.  Observations  on  Cancers, 
Medieal  Transactions,  i.  p.  64,  1768.  11.  Of  the  use  of 
Ipecacuanha  in  Asthmas,  ibid.  p.  93.  12.  A  Method  of 
treating  White  Swellings  of  the  Joints,  ibid.  p.  104. 
13.  Observations  on  the  Origin  and  Use  of  the  Lymphatic 
Vessels  of  Animals,  being  an  extract  from  the  Gulstonian 
Lectures,  Phil.  Trans.  Abr.  xi.  145.  14.  Of  a  Blow  on  the 
Heart,  and  its  Effects,  ibid.  xii.  39,  1763. 

In  speaking  of  Akenside  as  a  physician,  we  have  already 
given  him  credit  for  the  new,  yet  legitimate,  ground  as- 
Bumed  by  his  thesis  De  Ortu  et  Incremento,  <fcc. 

"  His  principal  medical  work,  De  Dysenteria  Commentarius,  has 
been  commended,  and  is  still  to  be  valued,  for  the  elegance  of  its 
Latinity.  Pathology  has  made  great  advances  since  the  time  of 
Akenside,  and  the  distinction  between  inflammation  of  the  serous, 
muscular,  and  mucous  textures,  are  now  better  understood.  The 
treatment  of  dysentery  depends  upon  the  condition  of  those  struc 
tures,  and  Akenside's  book  is  therefore  no  longer  sought  after  but 
as  a  specimen  of  elegant  composition." 

See  Life,  Writings,  and  Genius,  by  Bucke,  8vo,  Lon 
don,  1832;  Pleasures  of  Imagination,  by  Aikin;  Poems, 
in  the  Memoir  by  Dyce ;  Biog.  Brit. ;  Johnson's  Lives  of 
the  Poets. 

Akerby,  Geo.     Life  of  Mr.  J.  Spiller,  Lon.,  1729. 

Akerman,  John  Yonge.  1.  A  Numismatic  Ma 
nual  ;  or,  Guide  to  the  Collection  and  Study  of  Greek, 
Roman,  and  English  Coins.  Illustrated  by  engravings 
of  many  hundred  Types,  by  means  of  which  even  im 
perfect  and  obliterated  pieces  may  be  easily  deciphered, 
1  vol.  8vo. 

"  We  have  long  looked  for  a  work  on  Numismatics  which  might 
give  so  much  information  as  every  well-educated  man  ought  to 
possess,  be  free  from  vulgar  errors,  and  at  the  same  time  be  within 
the  reach  of  the  general  reader.  Just  such  a  work  has  Mr.  Aker 
man  given  us."— Church  of  England  Quarterly  Review,  Oct.  1840. 

2.  Descriptive  Catalogue  of  Rare  and  Unedited  Roman 
Coins;  plates  on  India  paper,  2  vols.  royal  8vo,  large 
paper,  1834.  3.  Ancient  Coins :  Hispan.,  Gallia,  Britan 
nia,  8vo.  4.  Archaeological  Index  to  Remains  of  Anti 
quity,  8vo.  5.  Introd.  to  Study  of  Anct.  and  Mod.  Coins, 
12mo.  6.  Legends  of  Old  London,  p.  8vo.  7.  Numis 
matic  Illustrations  of  the  New  Testament.  8.  Roman 
Coins  relating  to  Britain,  8vo.  9.  Spring  Tide,  12mo.  10. 
Tradesmen's  London  Tokens,  1648-72,  8vo  and  4to.  11. 
Remains  of  Pagan  Saxondom,  1855,  4to.  Other  works. 

Alabaster,  Wm.,  D.D.,  flourished  in  the  end  of  the 
16th  and  beginning  of  the  17th  century.  He  was  born 
in  Suffolk,  educated  at  Cambridge,  and  afterwards  incor 
porated  of  the  University  of  Oxford.  He  attended  Robert, 
Earl  of  Essex,  as  chaplain  in  the  Cadiz  voyage,  where  he 
became  a  Roman  Catholic,  and  published  Seven  Motives 
for  his  Conversion,  answered  by  Racster,  1598,  and  by 
Fenton,  1599 ;  but  it  has  been  observed  that  he  discovered 
more  for  returning  to  the  Church  of  England.  He  pub 


lished  Commentarius  de  certa  Apocalyptica,  London,  1621  ; 
Lexicon  Pentaglotton  Hebraicum,  Chaldaicum,  Syriacuni, 
Ac..  1637;  and  several  other  works.  Anthony  Wood  is 
loud  in  his  praises  : 

"  He  was  the  rarest  poet  and  Grecian  that  any  one  age  or  nation 
ever  produced.  He  hath  written  Koxana,  Tragedia.  admirably 
well  acted  more  than  once  in  Trin.  Coll.  Hall  in  Cambr.,  and  was 
soon  after  published,  full  of  faults,  contrary  to  the  author's  mind : 
whereupon  he  took  great  pains  to  correct  and  amend  it." — Atheiice 
Oxonienses. 

Dr.  Johnson  commends  Roxana  "as  a  composition  equal 
to  the  Latin  poetry  of  Milton;  and  Richard  Herrick,  the 
poet,  in  his  Hesperides,  doth  highly  celebrate  Alabaster 
for  his  elaborate  works.  He  died  about  1640,  and  was 
buried  according  to  the  discretion  of  his  dear  friend,  Nich, 
Bacon  of  Grey's  Inn." 

Alaino,  R.     A  treatise  on  Astron.  Instruments. 

Alan  De  Lynn,  flourished  about  1420;  was  born  at 
Lynn,  Norfolk.  He  applied  himself  to  theology  and 
philosophy  at  Cambridge,  where  he  took  the  degree  of 
doctor.  He  was  a  preacher  of  note,  and  left  many  works, 
a  list  of  which  will  be  found  in  Tanner.  Let  it  be  recorded 
to  his  credit,  for  all  time,  that  he  was  a  famous  hand  at 
those  invaluable  literary  charts — indexes.  May  his  ex 
ample  be  ever  honoured  by  laudable  imitation ! 

Alan,  Allen,  or  Allyn,  William,  1532-1594,  car 
dinal  of  the  Church  of  Rome.  His  name  occurs  as  one  of 
the  translators  of  the  New  Testament,  Rheims,  1582.  He 
was  the  author  of  a  number  of  works,  principally  in  de 
fence  of  his  church,  of  which  he  was  so  zealous  an  advo 
cate  that  he  used  his  influence  to  persuade  Philip  of  Spain 
to  invade  England.  Indeed,  he  wrote  two  books  to  prove 
the  efficacy  of  the  Bull  of  Sixtus  V.,  by  which  he  con 
tended  that  the  queen  was  accursed  and  deprived  of  her 
crown,  and  her  subjects  no  longer  bound  to  allegiance. 
Fuller  says : 

"  Hear  what  different  characters  two  authors  of  several  per 
suasions  bestow  upon  him.  '  He  was  somewhat  above  an  ordi 
nary  man  in  stature,  comely  of  countenance,  composed  in  his  gait, 
affable  in  all  meetings,  and,  for  the  gifts  of  his  mind,  pious, 
learned,  prudent,  grave,  and  though  of  great  authority,  humble, 
modest,  meek,  patient,  peaceable ;  in  a  word,  beautiful  and  adorned 
with  all  kinds  of  virtues.'— Pits  de  Anglia  Scriptoribus.  p.  792. 
Look  first  upon  this  picture ;  then  on  this :  '  He  was  the  last  of 
our  English  cardinals  in  time,  and  first  in  wickedness ;  deserving 
not  to  be  counted  among  Englishmen,  who,  as  another  Herostratus, 
to  achieve  himself  a  name  amongst  the  grandees  of  earth,  endea 
voured  to  fire  the  Church  of  England,  the  noblest  (without  envy 
be  it  spoken)  in  the  Christian  world :  so  that  his  memory  deserveth 
to  be  buried  in  oblivion.'  Godwin,  in  his  Catalogue  of  Cardinals : 
'  Let  them  say  what  they  please,  certain  it  is,  he  was  an  active 
man,  and  of  great  parts  and  prudence.'  " — ANTHONY  WOOD. 

Aland,  John  Fortescue,  first  Baron  Fortescue  of 
Credan,  1670-1746,  descended  from  the  famous  Sir  John 
Fortescue,  Chancellor  of  England  in  the  reign  of  Henry  VI. 
A  collection  of  reports  taken  by  him,  and  called  by  his 
name,  was  published  in  1748. 

"  So  highly  were  his  literary  attainments  esteemed,  and  his 
judicial  merits  appreciated,  that  the  University  of  Oxford  conferred 
on  him  by  diploma,  in  1733,  the  degree  of  civil  law." 

Aland  was  a  friend  of  that  eminent  Saxon  scholar,  Wil 
liam  Elstob  ;  and  in  the  preface  to  his  Book  of  Absolute  and 
Unlimited  Monarchy,  he  gives  an  account  of  Elstob's  pro 
ject  of  compiling  a  very  valuable  edition  of  all  the  Saxon 
laws,  both  in  print  and  MSS.  This  design  was  cut  short 
by  Elstob's  death.  See  Nichols's  Literary  Anecdotes,  vol. 
iv.  pp.  117,  120. 

Alane.       On  the  authority  of  the  Word  of  God,  <fec. 

Alanson,  E.     Sermons.     Liverpool,  1723-34. 

Alanson,  E.,  surgical  writer,  London,  1771-82. 

Alanus  de  Insulis,  of  the  12th  century,  called  Doc 
tor  Universalis,  is  supposed  to  have  been  an  Englishman, 
as  well  from  other  circumstances  as  from  the  notice  of  Jo 
seph  of  Exeter's  poem  on  the  Trojan  war — 

"  Illic  pannoso  plebescit  carmine  nosier— 
Ennius,  et  priami  fortunas  intonat." 

In  addition  to  the  Anti-Claudianus,  he  was  the  author 
of  numerous  works  in  prose  and  verse.  See  Histoire  Lit- 
teraire  de  France.  His  contemporary  of  the  same  name 
(called  "  Senior,"  for  distinction)  was  a  native  of  Lille,  in 
Flanders. 

Albericus  de  Vere,  a  canon  of  St.  Osyth's,  in  Essex, 

contemporary  with  Richard,  wrote  a  life  of  St.   Osyth. 

Dugdale  makes  him  the  second  son  of  the  second  Alberic 

de  Vere,  Earl  of  Oxford,  who  died  early  in  the  reign  of 

:  Stephen.     A  life  of  St.  Osyth,  printed  in  the  collection  of 

j  Surius,  is  supposed  to  be  the  work  of  Alberic;    but  its 

brevity  renders  it  more  probable  that  it  is  a  mere  abridg- 

!  ment  of  it.     Bale  and  Pits  also  attribute  to  him  a  history 

i  of  his  monastery,  (which  Tanner  supposes  to  have  been 


ALB 

only  a  part  of  the  life  of  St.  Osyth,)  and  a  treatise  on  the 
Eucharist. —  Wright's  Biog.  Brit.  Lit. 

Albert,  fictitious  title  of  ARMSTRONG,  REV.  JOHN. 

Albin,  Eleazar,  a  drawer  and  painter  in  natural 
history,  and  publisher  of  many  works  upon  insects,  birds, 
and  Fishes,  London,  1720,  <fcc. 

Albin,  J.   History  of  the  Isle  of  Wight,  Newport,  1795. 

Albine,  or  De  Seres,  John,  author  of  a  Notable 
Discourse  against  Heresies,  1576,  directed  against  Calvin 
and  his  disciples,  answered  by  Thomas  Spark  and  Robert 
Crowley. 

A I  his,  Thomas  De.     See  WHITE,  THOMAS. 

Albricius  lived  in  the  reigns  of  Kings  John  and 
Henry  III.,  according  to  Leland.  Bale  gives  London  as 
the  place  of  his  birth,  and  states  that  he  studied  both  at 
Oxford  and  Cambridge.  He  was  eminent  as  a  physician 
and  philosopher,  was  a  great  scholar,  and  travelled  in  quest 
of  knowledge.  1.  De  Origine  Deorum.  2.  De  Ratione 
Veneni.  3.  Virtutes  Antiquorum.  4.  Canones  Speculativi. 
A  treatise,  De  Deorum  Imaginibus,  in  the  Mythographi 
Latini,  has  the  name  of  Albricius  attached  to  it,  but  the  re 
ference  may  be  to  Albricius,  Bishop  of  Utrecht,  8th  century. 

Albyn,  B.  Appeal  to  God  and  the  King,  Lon.,  1697. 

Albyne.     Sermons  for  Benefit  of  Bath  Hospital,  1786. 

Alchorne,  W.  B.,  B.D.  Funeral  Sermon,  Col.  iii. 
4,  1674. 

Alcock,  John,  LL.D.,  died  1500,  was  successively 
Bishop  of  Rochester,  Worcester,  and  Ely.  He  was  born 
at  Beverly,  Yorkshire,  educated  at  Cambridge.  He  wrote 
several  works  :  1.  Mons  Perfectionis.  2.  Abbatia  Spiritus 
Sancti.  3.  Homilje  Vulgares.  4.  Meditationes  Pise.  5. 
Spousage  of  a  Virgin  to  Christ,  <fcc.  In  allusion  to  his 
own  name,  he  wrote  a  treatise  entitled  Galli  Cantus  ad 
Confratres  suos,  decorated  with  prints  of  the  bird.  He 
was  an  excellent  architect,  and  comptroller  of  the  royal 
works  and  buildings  under  Henry  VII.  He  was  also 
preferred  Lord  Chancellor  of  England  by  the  same 
monarch. 

Alcock,  Mrs.  Mary,  sister  to  R.  Cumberland. 
Poems,  London,  1789. 

Alcock,  Nathan,  M.D.  The  Rise  of  Mahomet  ac 
counted  for  on  Natural  and  Civil  Principles,  Londi,  1796. 

Alcock,  T.,  pub.  Sermons,  Essays  on  Poor  Laws, 
Ac.,  1756,  <fcc. 

Alcott,  Amos  Bronson,  b.  1799,  at  Wolcott,  Conn. 
He  devoted  many  years  to  the  cause  of  education,  and  his 
original  views  on  the  subject  attracted  considerable  atten 
tion  in  Europe  and  America.  Conversations  with  Children 
on  the  Gospels,  Bost.,  1836,  2  vols.  12mo.  See  Appleton's 
New  Amer.  Cyc. 

Alcott,  J.     Jesus,  King  of  Saints,  Ac.,  1794. 

Alcott,  William  A.,  M.D.,  born  1798  at  Wolcott, 
Connecticut.  Distinguished  author  and  public  lecturer  on 
Physiology,  Hygiene,  and  Practical  Education.  Has 
written  and  edited  upwards  of  100  vols.  on  various  sub 
jects,  of  which  the  following  are  a  part :  House  I  live  in  ; 
Young  Man's  Guide;  Young  Woman's  Guide;  Young 
Mother;  Young  Husband;  Young  Wife;  Young  House 
keeper;  Lectures  on  the  Ten  Commandments;  Lectures  on 
Life  and  Health;  Vegetable  Diet  Defended;  Water  Cure; 
Prize  Essay  on  Tobacco;  &c.  &c.  <fcc.  Also  has  been 
editor  of  and  contributor  to  many  moral  and  educational 
journals.  Many  of  Dr.  Alcott's  works  have  been  very 
popular. 

Alcuin,  735-804.  The  last  of  the  distinguished 
Anglo-Saxons,  whose  name  shed  lustre  on  the  empire  of 
the  Frankish  monarchs  in  the  eighth  century,  was  Alcuin. 
There  is  only  one  early  life  of  Alcuin,  which  is  anonymous, 
and  was  written  in  829,  by  a  person  who  obtained  much 
of  his  information  from  Sigulf,  Alcuin's  friend  and  dis 
ciple  :  it  is  printed  in  the  editions  of  Alcuin's  works,  in 
the  Acta  SS.  Ord.  S.  Bened.  of  Mabillon,  in  the  collection 
of  Surius,  and  in  the  Acta  Sanctorum  of  the  Bollandists. 
The  richest  source  of  information  relating  to  his  history 
is  his  Epistles.  Much  has  been  written  concerning  Alcuin 
in  modern  times ;  a  sketch  of  his  life  is  given  by  Mabil 
lon  ;  a  more  extensive  life  was  composed  in  Latin  by  the 
prince-Abbot  Frobenius,  and  prefixed  to  his  edition  of 
his  works.  More  recently  Alcuin's  life  has  been  published 
by  Dr.  Frederick  Lorenz,  Professor  of  History  at  the  Uni 
versity  of  Halle,  (1829,)  translated  into  English  by  Jane 
Mary  Slee,  (sm.  8vo,  London,  1837.)  Born  at  York  about 
the  year  735,  of  a  noble  family,  Alcuin  was  scarcely 
weaned  from  his  mother's  breast  when  he  was  dedicated 
to  the  church,  and  intrusted  to  the  care  of  the  inmates  of 
the  monastery;  and  on  reaching  the  proper  age  he  was 
placed  in  the  school  of  Archbishop  Egbert,  then  cele- 


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brated  for  the  number  of  noble  youths  who  crowded  thither 
to  imbibe  instruction  from  the  lips  of  that  prelate.  Al 
cuin  was  distinguished  above  his  fellows  by  his  applica 
tion  to  the  study  of  the  sciences,  which  were  taught  by 
Egbert's  kinsman,  Aelbert,  who  succeeded  him  in  766  in 
the  see  of  York,  and  in  the  management  of  the  school. 
Alcuin  was  Aelbert's  favourite  pupil ;  when  about  twenty 
years  of  age  he  was  chosen  to  accompany  him  on  a  visit 
to  the  Continent  in  search  of  books  and  of  new  discoveries 
in  science,  and  on  that  occasion  he  resided  a  short  time  at 
Rome.  In  781,  Alcuin  visited  Parma,  on  his  return  from 
Rome,  and  there  met  with  Charlemagne,  who  had  also 
been  at  Rome.  That  monarch  was  then  meditating  the 
foundation  of  scholastic  institutions  throughout  his  domi 
nions,  and  being  well  informed  of  Alcuin's  great  reputa 
tion  for  learning,  if  not  already  personally  acquainted 
with  him,  he  invited  him  to  settle  in  France,  and  to  be 
come  his  adviser  and  assistant  in  his  projects  of  reform. 
Alcuin  readily  complied  with  the  king's  desires ;  but  he 
continued  his  journey  home  to  fulfil  his  original  commis 
sion,  and  to  obtain  the  consent  of  the  Archbishop  of  York 
and  the  King  of  Northumbria  (Alfwold)  to  the  proposed 
arrangement.  With  the  approbation  of  his  spiritual  and 
temporal  superiors,  having  chosen  some  of  his  own  pupils 
as  companions,  he  returned  to  France  in  the  year  782. 

The  position  of  Alcuin  at  the  court  of  Charlemagne 
during  his  first  residence  in  France  has  been  compared 
and  contrasted  with  that  of  Voltaire  and  other  learned 
foreigners,  who  were  patronized  by  Frederick  the  Great. 
Without  holding  any  actual  employment,  he  lived  as  the 
friend  and  counsellor  of  the  Frankish  monarch,  was  the 
companion  of  his  private  hours,  which  were  spent  in  dis 
cussing  questions  of  theology  and  science,  and  acted  as 
the  instructor  of  his  children.  After  remaining  about 
eight  years  in  France,  he  resolved  to  return  to  York. 
Charlemagne  begged  him  to  come  back  speedily,  and  make 
the  court  of  France  his  lasting  home ;  a  request  to  which 
Alcuin  was  willing  to  consent,  if  he  could  make  it  consist 
ent  with  his  duties  to  his  native  country.  "Although,," 
he  said,  "  I  possess  no  small  inheritance  in  my  own  coun 
try,  I  will  willingly  resign  it,  and  in  poverty  serve  thee ; 
let  it  be  thy  care  to  obtain  the  permission  of  my  king  and 
my  bishop."  Alcuin  came  to  England  in  the  year  790,  as 
ambassador  from  Charlemagne  to  King  Offa,  to  arrange 
some  misunderstanding  which  had  arisen  between  these 
two  great  monarchs.  From  792  to  796  Alcuin  continued 
to  reside  at  the  court  of  Charlemagne,  in  the  same  relation 
to  his  patron  as  before  his  visit  to  England.  His  position 
was  rendered  agreeable,  not  only  by  the  favour  of  the 
royal  family,  but  by  the  society  of  a  circle  of  learned 
friends ;  yet  his  happiness  was  frequently  interrupted  by 
grief  at  the  troubles  with  which  his  native  country  was 
visited. 

Alcuin's  letter  to  the  monks  who  had  escaped  from  the 
massacre  at  Lindisfarne  will  serve  as  a  specimen  of  his 
epistolary  style.  We  give  some  extracts : 

"  Beatissimi  Patris  sancti  scilicet  Cudbercti  Episcopi  optimis  in 
Christo  filiis  Hugibaldo  Episcopo  omni  Congregation!  Lindisfar- 
iiensis  Ecclesiae,  Alchuinus  Diaconus,  coelesti  in  Christo  benedic- 
tione  salutem. 

"Vestrae  vero  caritatis  familiaritas  praesentem  multum  me 
lastificare  solebat :  sed  versa  vice  vestrae  tribulationis  calamitas, 
licet  absentem,  multum  me  quotidie  contristat.  Quomodo  pagani 
contaminaverunt  sanctuaria  Dei,  et  fuderunt  sanguinem  sancto 
rum  in  circuitu  altaris.  Vastaverunt  domum  spei  nostrse,  calca- 
verunt  corpora  sanctorum  in  templo  Dei  quasi  sterquilinium  in 
platea.  Quid  nobis  dicendum  est,  nisi  plangendum  animo  vobis- 
cum  ante  altare  Christi,  et  dicere :  Parce  Domine,  parce  populo 
tuo,  et  ne  des  haereditatem  gentibus,  ne  dicant  pagani,  ubi  est 
Deus  Christianorum  ?  Quae  est  fiducia  Ecclesiis  Britannia?,  si 
Sanctus  Cudberctus  suam  non  defendit  cum  tanto  sanctorum 
numero?  Aut  hoc  majoris  initium  est  doloris,  aut  peccata  habi- 
tantium  hoc  exegerunt.  Non  enim  quiddam  casu  contingit,  sed 
magni  cuilibet  ineriti  judicium  est.  Sed  modo,  qui  residui  estis, 
state  viriliter.  pugnate  fortiter,  defendite  castra  Dei.  Mementote 
Judam  Machabeum,  quia  tempi um  Dei  purgavit,  et  populum 
eruit,  ut  eliberavit  extranea.  Si  quid  corrigendum  sit  in  moribus 
mansuetudinis  vestrae,  citius  corrigite.  Patronos  vestros  ad  vos 
revocate,  qui  vos  ad  tempus  dereliquerunt.  Non  defuit  illis  potes- 
tas  apud  Dei  clementiam;  sed  nescimus,  cui  tacuerunt.  Nolite 
gloriari  in  vanitate  vestium;  haec  non  est  gloria  sacerdotum  et 
servorum  Dei,  sed  contumelia.  Nolite  in  ebrietate  verba  oration  um 
vestrarium  delere.  Non  exeatis  post  luxurias  carnis  et  avaritias 
seculi ;  sed  in  servitio  Dei  et  regularis  vita?  disciplina  firmiter  per- 
manete,  ut  sanctissimi  patres,  qui  vos  genuerunt,  vobis  protec- 
tores  esse  non  cessent.  .  .  .  Et  tu,  Pater  Sancte,  Dux  populi  Del. 
Pastor  gregis  sancti,  medicus  animarum,  lucerna  super  candela 
brum  posita,  esto  forma  in  omni  bonitate  cunctis  te  videntibus. 
Sit  tuus  comitatus  honestis  moribus,  aliis  exemplum  ad  vitam, 
non  ad  perditionem.  Sint  tibi  epulye,  non  in  ebrietate,  sed  in  so- 
brietate.  Sint  vestiinenta  tuo  gradui  condigna.  Noli  te  confor- 
mare  seculi  hominibus  in  vanitate  aliqua.  Inanis  ornatus  vestl- 
mentorum,  et  cultus  inutilis  tibi  est  opprobrium  ante  homines,  et 


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peccatnm  ante  Deum.  Melius  est  animam  in  perpetuum  perma- 
nentem  bonis  ornare  moribus,  quam  corpus  cito  in  pulvere  pu- 
trescens  exquisitis  comere  vestibus.  Yestiatur  et  satietur  Chris- 
tus  in  paupere,  ut  hsec  faciens  regnet  cum  Christo.  Redemptio 
viri  proprias  divitiae.  Si  aurum  diligamus,  preemittamus  nobis  in 
coelum,  ubi  servabitur  nobis,  et  quod  amemus,  habemus.  Amemus 
seterua,  et  non  peritura.  Veras  diligamus  divitias,  et  non  caducas ; 
sempiternas  non  transitorias.  Paremus  nobis  laudem  a  Deo,  et 
non  ab  hominibus.  Faciamus,  quod  fecerunt,  sancti,  quos  lauda- 
mus.  Sequamur  illorum  vestigia  in  tenis,  ut  illorum  glorias  con- 
sortes  esse  mereamur  in  coelis." 

In  803,  Alcuin's  zeal  in  defending  the  privileges  of  the 
church  drew  upon  him  the  temporary  displeasure  of  Charle 
magne,  and  his  grief  on  that  occasion  probably  hastened 
his  death.  He  died  at  Tours,  on  Whitsunday,  the  19th  of 
May,  804,  and  was  buried  with  great  pomp  in  the  church 
of  St.  Martin.  An  epitaph,  written  by  himself  in  Latin 
elegiacs,  was  placed  on  his  tomb,  and  is  preserved  by  his 
ancient  biographer. 

The  Epistles  form  the  most  interesting  portion  of  Al 
cuin's  works,  not  only  as  being  the  principal  source  of  in 
formation  relating  to  his  character  and  life,  but  for  the  light 
which  they  throw  upon  contemporary  history.  Though 
his  Latin  is  far  from  pure,  these  Epistles  are  in  general 
clear  and  dignified ;  the  latter  characteristic  sometimes  de 
generates  into  inflated  pompousness.  Next  in  importance 
to  the  Epistles,  are  his  Poems,  which  are  extremely  varied 
in  character,  consisting  of  a  long  piece  in  hexameters  on 
the  bishops  and  saints  of  the  church  of  York,  an  elegy  on 
the  destruction  of  Lindisfarne  by  the  Danes,  and  a  con 
siderable  number  of  epigrams,  epitaphs,  and  aenigmata. 
The  best  of  these  poems  in  point  of  composition,  and  that 
which  has  been  most  frequently  quoted,  is  the  Elegy  on 
the  Destruction  of  Lindisfarne.  Latin  poetry  did  not  flou 
rish  in  the  age  of  Alcuin,  and  it  is  not  much  in  favour  of 
this  piece  to  say  that  it  is  superior  to  most  of  the  poems 
of  the  time.  The  following  reflections  on  the  uncertainty 
of  human  happiness,  are  perhaps  the  most  striking  pas 
sage  it  contains : 

"  Postquam  primus  homo  Paradisi  liquerat  hortos, 

Et  miseras  terrae  miser  adibat  opes  : 
Exilioque  gravi  pcenas  cum  prole  luebat, 

Perfidiae  quoniam  furta  maligna  gerit : 
Per  varies  casus  mortalis  vita  cucurrit, 

Diversoque  dies  omnis  habetat  homo : 
Fatali  cursu  nriscentur  tristia  laatis; 

Nulli  firma  fuit  regula  laetitias. 
Nemo  dies  cunctos  felices  semper  habebit, 

Nemo  sibi  semper  gaudia  certa  tenet. 
Nil  manet  aeternum  celso  sub  cardine  coali, 

Omnia  vertuntur  temporibus  variis. 
Una  dies  ridet,  casus  eras  altera  planget, 

Nil  flxum  faciet  tessera  laeta  tibi. 
Prospera  conturbat  sors  tristibus  impia  semper, 

Alternis  vicibus  ut  redit  unda  maris. 
Nunc  micat  alma  dies,  veuiet  nox  atra  tenebris, 

Ver  floret  gemmis,  hiems  ferit  hocque  decus. 
Sidereum  stellis  culmen  depingitur  almis, 

Quas  nubes  rapuint  imbriferse  subito. 
Et  sol  ipse  die  media  subducitur  ardens, 

Cum  tonat  undosi  auster  de  vertice  poli.  (sic.) 
Saepius  excelsos  feriunt  ut  fulgura  moutes, 

Summaque  silvarum  ilumnia  ferire  solet; 
Sic  major  magnis  subito  saepissime  rebus 

Eveniet  casu  forte  ruina  malo." 

The  theological  writings  of  Alcuin  are  generally  divided 
into  three  classes :  his  Commentaries  on  the  Scriptures, 
which  are  characterized  by  the  same  partiality  for  typical 
interpretations  as  characterizes  those  of  Bede,  his  Dog 
matic  Treatises,  and  his  Liturgic  Works,  (Opera  Liturgica.) 
The  Commentaries  consist  of  the  Questions  and  Answers  on 
the  Book  of  Genesis,  which  were  translated  into  Anglo- 
Saxon,  the  Comments  on  the  Penitential  Psalms,  on  the 
Song  of  Solomon,  and  on  the  Book  of  Ecclesiastes,  the 
Interpretationes  Nominum  Hebraicorum,  and  the  Com 
mentaries  on  St.  John,  and  on  the  three  Epistles  of  St. 
Paul.  His  principal  Dogmatic  writings  are  the  treatises 
de  Fide  Trinitatis  and  De  Processione  Spiritus  Sancti,  and 
his  books  against  Felix  and  Elipandus.  Under  the  head 
of  Opera  Liturgica  are  classed  the  Liber  Sacramentorum, 
the  treatise  De  Psalmorum  Usu,  the  Officia  per  Ferias,  and 
the  tracts  De  Virtutibus  et  Vitiis  and  De  Animse  Ratione. 
To  these  works  are  joined  four  lives  of  Saints,  three  com 
piled  by  Alcuin,  those  of  St.  Martin  of  Tours,  of  St. 
Richarius,  and  of  his  countryman  Wilbrord,  (the  latter  in 
prose  and  in  verse,)  and  one,  that  of  St.  Vedastus,  com 
posed  by  an  older  writer,  but  corrected  and  edited  by  bfato- 
self.  The  tracts  which  Alcuin  compiled  for  the  purposes 
of  instruction  are  few,  and  are  not  remarkable  for  their 
manner  or  the  information  they  contain ;  they  consist  of 
four  treatises,  De  Grarnmatica,  De  Orthographia,  De  Rhe- 
torica  et  Virtutibus,  and  De  Dialectica,  with  several  brief 
tracts,  some  of  which  are  of  doubtful  authenticity.  The 
tt 


last  editor  of  the  works  of  Alcuin  has  given  a  collection 
of  pieces  either  doubtful  or  decidedly  supposititious,  among 
which  the  only  one  of  any  importance  is  the  Confessio 
Fidei,  which  has  been  believed  by  many  scholars  and  theo 
logians  to  be  a  genuine  work  of  the  preceptor  of  Charle 
magne.  There  can  be  no  doubt  that  some  of  the  writings 
of  Alcuin  are  lost :  among  these  the  most  important  must 
have  been  the  Biography  of  Charlemagne,  attributed  to 
him  on  the  authority  of  an  expression  of  Eginhard ;  though 
it  is  somewhat  doubtful  whether  such  a  work  ever  existed. 

Many  of  the  writings  of  Alcuin  were  published  sepa 
rately,  or  in  collections,  during  the  16th  century.  His 
works  were  first  printed  collectively,  but  very  imperfectly, 
by  Andre  Duchesne  (under  the  Latinized  name  of  Andreas 
Quercetanus)  in  1617.  A  far  more  complete  edition  was 
published  in  1777,  by  Frobenius,  Prince-Abbot  of  St.  Em- 
meram  at  Ratisbon.  But  this  also  might  be  rendered  much 
more  perfect  by  a  collection  of  the  manuscripts  preserved 
in  our  English  libraries.  Many  of  the  separate  editions  of 
the  writings  of  Alcuin  are  extremely  rare.  It  is  probable 
that  some  of  them  have  entirely  escaped  our  researches. 
Of  others  we  can  only  speak  from  the  indications  of  biblio 
graphers.  Some  of  the  letters  have  been  printed  singly  in 
books,  which,  it  was  not  considered  necessary  to  point  out. 
It  may  be  observed  that  the  manuscripts  in  England  con 
tain  several  inedited  letters. 

EDITIONS  OF  ALCUIN. — Alcuinus  de  Fide  Trinitatis,  in  the  Homi- 
liarum,  Basilia>  per  Nicolaum  Kessler,  anno  MCCCCXCVIII.  No 
nas  Augusti.  Reprinted  in  other  Homiliaria  of  the  16th  century. 
Alcuinus  de  Fide  Trinitatis.  Impressum  est  praesens  Opusculum 
in  Uttinpurrha  Monasterio  SS.  MM.  Alexaudri  et  Theodori,  Ord. 
S.  Ben.  Anno  MDIX.  Cal.  Sept.  This  was  the  first  production  of 
the  printing-office  established  in  the  monastery  of  Ottoburg  by 
Abbot  Leonard.  Albini  Diaconi  Anglic!  in  D.  Joannis  Evangelion 
commentariorum  libri  septem,  Christiana  fruge  refertissimi.  Ar- 
gentorati,  Anno  MDXXYII.  Svo.  D.  Albini  Caroli  illius  Magni 
olim  pra-ceptoris,  in  Genesiin  Qua^stiones,  a  Menardo  Molthero 
restitutae.  Haganoas  per  lo.  Sec.,  Anno  MDXXIX.  Svo.  Alcuini 
Dialectica  and  the  Dialogus  de  Khetorica,  edited  together  by  Me- 
nardus  Moltherus,  Svo,  Hagenoae,  1529.  Alcuinus  de  Fide  Trini 
tatis,  Svo,  Argentorati,  1530.  Albini  Theologorum  suaetatis  doctis- 
simi,  in  Ecclesiasten  Commentaria.  Basilre,  ex  offlcina  Bebeliana, 
MDXXXI.  Svo.  Frobenius  states  it  as  doubtful  if  this  edition 
were  printed  at  Basil  or  Strasburg.  It  is  dedicated  to  John  Long- 
land,  Bishop  of  Lincoln.  Albiui  in  Septem  Psalmos  Poenitentiales 
et  cxviii.  Psalmum,  et  in  Cantica  Graduum,  Expositio.  Paris,  ap. 
Nicolaum  Divitem,  1547,  Svo.— MiKpoirpeafivTinov,  Basil,  1550,  p. 
445.  The  Questiones  in  Genesin.  The  Quaestiones  in  Genesin,  and 
the  Expositio  in  Psalmos  Poenitentiales,  were  printed  in  the  collec 
tion  of  the  Orthodoxographi,  fol.  Basil,  1555.  Alcuini  Liber  Sacra 
mentorum,  was  printed  in  Jacobi  Pamelii  Opera  Liturgica,  Colon., 
1561, 1571,  and  1609.  Alcuini  Institutions  Rhetoricse,  per  Mat. 
Gallenum,  4to,  Duaci,  1564.  Commentarius  in  Psalmos  Poeniten 
tiales,  Svo,  Paris,  1568.  De  Yirtutibus  et  Yitiis,  in  the  Bibl.  Pat- 
rum,  Paris,  1575.  Homeliae,  Col.,  1576.  The  Quarstiones  in  Gene- 
sin,  inserted  in  the  Bibliotheca  Patrum,  fol.  Paris,  1579,  torn.  ix. 
Commentaria  in  Ecclesiasten,  cum  Epistola  de  Baptismi  Caeremo- 
niis,  Svo,  Paris,  1589.  De  Sanctissima  Trinitate  Libellus;  Admo- 
dum  reverend!  patris  F.  R.  Alcuini  Albini  Abbatis  quondam  S. 
Martini  Turonensis :  ad  serenissimum  ac  potentissimum  regem  ac 
imperatorem  A  ugustum  Carolum  Magnum.  Repertus  primum  et 
descriptus  e  vetusto  codice  in  celeberrimo  virorum  divino  cultui 
mancipatorum  ccenobio  Augiae  Divitis  nuncupate,  acnuncdemum 
industria  Nicolai  Kalttypisdivulgatus,  Constantife,1596.  Antiqui 
Rhetores  Latin!.  Ex  bibliotheca  Francisci  Pithoei  1C.  4to,  Paris, 
1599,  pp.  359-382.  Alcuini  sive  Albini  de  Ar'te  Rhetorica  Dialogus. 
Some  of  his  epistles  were  printed  at  Ingolstadt,  4to,  1601.  Cani- 
sius,  Lectiones  Antiquae.  fol.  1601.  Ed.  Basnage,  fol.  Antverpiaa, 
torn.  ii.  p.  376.  Supplementuin  ad  Alcuini  librum  de  Virtut.  et 
Vitiis,  pp.  379-456.  Alcuin's  Epistles,  from  a  MS.  at  St.  Gallen, 
pp.  457-471.  his  homily  on  Wilbrord,  and  the  metrical  life  of  that 
Saint,  pp.  488-505.  Alcuini  Dialectica,  pp.  506-538.  Alcuini  Gram- 
matica,  539-548.  Epistola  de  Canticorum  Loco,  and  the  treatise 
De  Caeremoniis  Baptismi  attributed  to  him.  Thesaurus  Homiliarum 
seu  Concionum,  ex  probatissimorum  patrum,  et  SS.  Ecclesiae  Ca- 
tholicae  tarn  Graecorum  quam  Latinorum  Doctorum  monumentis, 
ab  Alcuino  Flacco,  jussu  Caroli  Magni  primum  acri  judicio  erectus, 
commodoque  ordine  pro  ratione  temporis  in  totius  anni  Evangelia 
distributus.  Tandem  vero  pro  meliori  usu,  religi  osissimi  et  doc- 
tissimi  F.  Laurentii  Surii  Carthusian!  opera,  in  totius  anni  Episto- 
las  concionibus  exegeticis  ex  eisdem  antiquissimorum  Patrum 
adytis  petitis  plurimum  auctus,  ab  innumerisque  mendis  vindiea- 
tus,  fol.  Col.  Agrip.,  1604.  The  homilies  of  Alcuin  only  form  the 
foundation  of  this  work.— Dialectica  Alcuini.  4to,  Ingolstadt.  1004. 
Grammaticac  Latinae  Auctores  Antiqui.  Opera  et  Studio  Ileliae 
Putschii,  4to,  Hanov.,  1605,  coll.  2075-2142.  Flacci  Alcuini.  Caroli 
Magni  Imp.  Magistri,  Grammatica.  Opera,  collected  and  edited  by 
Andre  Duchesne,  fol.  Paris,  1617.  Alcuiui  Dialectica,  cura  Met. 
Weiss,  Salisburgi,  1629.  Historiae  Francorum  Scriptores.  Opera 
ac  Studio  Andrese  du  Chesne  Geographi  Regis,  fol.  Lut.,  Paris, 
1636,  Tomus  ii.  pp.  668-690.  Twenty-eight  letters  of  Alcuin,  pp. 
690-693.  four  Epitaphs,  and  his  Versus  ad  Carolum  Imperatorem. 
Compendium  in  Canticum  Canticorum,  ex  edit.  Patr.  Junii,  Lon 
don,  1638.  D'Achery,  Spicilegium  sive  Collectio  veterum  aliquot 
Scriptorum,  4to,  1654,  torn.  vi.  pp.  391  and  396,  three  letters  of  Al 
cuin,  torn,  ix.p.lll,  preface  to  the  Exposition  of  the  Psalms.  Nova 
editio,  fol.  Paris,  1723,  torn.  iii.  321, 322, 323,  the  letters  and  preface 
to  the  Psalms.  Confessio,  seu  Doctrina  de  Deo.  edited  by  Chifflet, 
4to,  1656.  Acta  Sanctorum,  etc.,  1658.  The  Life  of  St.  Vedastus. 
Acta  Sanctorum  Ordinis  S.  Benedict!,  Saec.  ii.  fol.  Lut.  Par.,  1669, 


ALD 

pp.  187-197.  The  life  of  St.  Richarius,  Saec.  iii.  pars  prima,  fol.  Lut., 
Paris,  1672,  pp.  601-629.  The  two  lives  of  Wilbrord,  Sxc.  iii.  pars 
secunda,  fol.  Lut.  Par.,  1672,  pp.  558-569.  A  large  portion  of  the 
poem  on  the  Bishop  of  York,  given  as  anonymous.  Mabillon,  Vetera 
Analecta,  8vo,  Paris,  1675-85,  torn.  i.  p.  369.  Versus  de  Cuculo,  torn, 
iv.  pp.  272-312.  Twenty-six  letters  of  Alcuin  previously  inedited,  p. 
522.  Alcuini  versus  de  Aquila  Episcopo  Saltzburg.  Nov.  Ed.  fol. 
Paris,  1723,  pp.  398-408.  The  twenty-six  Epistles,  p.  409.  Alcuini 
versus  de  Cuculo,  p.  348.  The  verses  on  Aquila  (Arno.)  Historiae 
Britannicae,  Saxonicae,  Anglo-Danicte,  Scriptores  xv.  Opera  Th.  Gale, 
vol.  j.  fol.  Oxon.,  1691,  pp.  703-732.  The  poem  De  Pontificibus  et 
Sanctis  Ecclesiae  Eboracensis.  Pezius,  Thesaurus  Anecdotorum  No- 
vissitnus,  fol.  Augustse  Vindelicorum,  1721,  torn.  ii.  pars.  1.  col.  1-10. 
Alcuini  Opusculum  de  Comparatione  Novi  et  Veteris  Testamenti, 
and  seven  Epistles  to  Arno.  Recueil  des  Ilistoriens  des  Gaules  et 
de  la  France.  Tome  Cinquieme,  Par  Dom  Marten  Bouquet,  fol. 
Paris,  1744,  pp.  604-620.  Twenty-five  Epistles  of  Alcuin.  Beati 
Flacci  Albini  seu  Alcvini  Abbatis,  Caroli  Magni  Regis  ac  Imperatoris 
Magistri,  Opera.  Post  primam  editionem.  a  viro  clarissimo  D.  An 
drea  Quercetano  curatam,  de  novo  collecta,  multis  locis  emendato, 
et  opusculis  primum  repertis  plurimum  aucta,  variisque  modis 
illustrata.  Cura  ac  Studio  Frobenii,  S.  R.  I.  Principis  et  Abbatis 
ad  S.  Emmeramum  Ratisbonae.  Tomi  duo  in  quatuor  volumini- 
bus,  fol.  Ratisbon,  1777. — Abbreviated  from  Wright's  Sing.  Brit.  Lit. 

Alday,  J.    Trans,  of  Theatrum  Mundi,  Ac.,  Lon.,  1754. 

Aldeu,  Joseph,  D.D.,  LL.D.,  b.  1807,  in  Green  county, 
N.Y.;  grad.  at  Union  College,  N.Y.,  1828;  received  the 
degree  of  D.D.  from  the  same  institution,  1838,  and  that 
of  LL.D.  from  Columbia  College,  N.Y.,  1857.  He  pur 
sued  his  theological  studies  at  Princeton,  N.  J. ;  was  for 
two  years  a  tutor  in  Nassau  Hall ;  was  for  many  years  Pro 
fessor  of  Rhetoric  in  Williams  Coll.,  Mass.;  Prof,  of  Moral 
Philosophy  in  Lafayette  Coll.,  Pa.  In  Jan.  1857,  he  became 
President  of  Jefferson  Coll.,  Pa.  Dr.  Alden  has  confined 
his  efforts  as  a  writer  chiefly  to  the  department  of  Sunday- 
school  literature.  Among  his  numerous  works  for  the  young 
may  be  mentioned  The  Example  of  Washington,  The 
Patriot's  Fireside,  Religion  in  Fashionable  Life,  &c.  At 
one  time  editor  of  the  New  York  Observer,  and  has  been  a 
large  contributor  to  its  columns.  He  is  engaged  [1858]  in 
the  preparation  of  a  text-book  on  Intellectual  Philosophy. 

Alden,  Rev.  Timothy,  1771-1839.  Collection  of 
American  Epitaphs,  5  vols.  18mo,  N.  York,  1814. 

Alden,  T.  J.F.  Index  to  the  Reports  of  the  Decisions 
of  the  Supreme  Ct.  of  the  U.  States,  from  Dallas  to  14th 
Howard,  inclusive,  3  vols.  8vo,  Phila.,  1854. 

Alder,  Robert,  Wesleyan  Missions,  London,  1842. 

Alder,  Thomas.  Medical  Treatises,  London,  1804-05. 

Aldersey,  S.     Voyage  to  Alexandria  and  Cairo,  1586. 

Alderson,  J.,  M.  D.  Besides  writing  professional 
treatises,  Dr.  A.  published  several  upon  Agriculture  and 
Geology,  1788,  Ac. 

Aldhelm.  We  shall  meet  with  more  than  one  great 
scholar  formed  by  the  teaching  of  Theodore  and  Adrian. 
The  most  celebrated  of  these  was  Aldhelm,  a  scion  of  the 
illustrious  family  of  the  West-Saxon  kings.  Aldhelm  was 
born  in  Wessex;  but  the  date  of  his  birth  is  uncertain, 
although  it  maybe  placed  with  sufficient  probability  about 
the  year  656.  Aldhelm  was  not  a  voluminous  writer.  The 
works  which  alone  have  given  celebrity  to  his  name  are 
his  two  treatises  on  Virginity  and  his  ^Enigmata.  The 
prose  treatise  De  Laude  Virginitatis  continued  to  be  a  fa 
vourite  book  with  our  Anglo-Saxon  forefathers  up  to  the 
time  of  the  Norman  Conquest,  and  numerous  early  manu 
scripts  of  it  are  still  preserved.  Aldhelm's  Latin  compo 
sitions  have  been  frequently  cited  as  an  example  of  the 
false  style  of  the  early  Anglo-Latin  writers.  Even  as  far 
back  as  the  12th  century,  William  of  Malmsbury  felt  him 
self  obliged  to  offer  an  apology  for  him,  grounded  on  the 
taste  of  the  age  in  which  he  lived.  His  writings  are  on 
the  one  hand  filled  with  Latinized  Greek  words,  and  with 
awkward  expressions  that  render  them  obscure ;  while  on 
the  other  they  abound  in  the  alliterations  and  metaphorical 
language  which  characterized  his  native  tongue.  Aldhelm's 
prose  is  much  less  pleasing  than  his  verse,  because  it  is  far 
less  harmonious. 

Aldington,  Maj.    Military  treatises,  Lon.,  1804. 

Aldington,  J.     Poem  on  Shooting,  1767. 

Aldini,  John.  1.  An  Account  of  the  Late  Improve 
ments  in  Galvanism,  &c.,  Lon.,  1803,  4to,  with  plates.  2. 
Application  of  Galvanism  to  Medical  Purposes,  1819. 

Aldred,  died  about  1069,  an  Anglo-Saxon  prelate. 
Tanner  gives  him  credit,  perhaps  without  much  probability, 
for  two  works :  1.  Pro  Edgaro  Rege  contra  Tyrannidem 
Normannorum,  lib.  i.  2.  Epistolas  ad  Exiles,  lib.  i. 

Aldred,  Jer.     Sermon  on  Psalm  xviii.  48,  49,  1716. 

Aldrich,  C.     Sermon  after  the  Plague,  Ex.  xxxiii.  19. 

Aldrich,  Henry,  D.  D.,  1647-1710,  of  Christ  Church, 
Oxford.  He  was  eminent  as  a  controversialist,  (in  oppo 
sition  to  Popery,)  as  an  architect,  and  as  a  musician.  Hit 
principal  works  were,  1.  Reply  to  Two  Discourses  concern- 


ALE 

ing  the  Adoration  of  our  B.  Saviour  in  the  Holy  Eucharist, 
Oxford,  1687-88.  2.  Artis  Logicae  Compendium,  Oxford, 
1692, 1696, 1704, 1750.  3.  Elementa  Architecture  Civilis  ad 
Vitruvii  Veterumque  Disciplinam  et  recentiorum  praeser- 
tim  ad  Paladii  exenipta  probatiora  concinnata,  Oxf.,  1789. 
In  his  first  character — as  a  disputant — Burnet  places 
him  among  the  more  distinguished  divines  "  who  managed 
and  directed  this  controversial  war." 

Aldrich,  James,  1810-1856,  an  American  poet  and 
journalist,  b.  near  the  Hudson,  in  the  county  of  Suffolk. 
He  received  his  education  partly  in  Orange  county,  and 
partly  in  the  city  of  New  York,  where,  early  in  life,  he  re 
linquished  the  occupation  of  a  merchant  and  devoted  his 
attention  entirely  to  literature.  Edited  two  or  three  popular 
periodicals.  See  specimens  of  his  poetry  in  Griswold's  Poets 
and  Poetry  of  America.  In  the  words  of  his  physician,  Dr. 
Kissam, 

"  He  not  only  wrote  poetry,  but  lived  the  life  of  a  true  poet." 

Aldrich,  or  Aldridge,  Robert,  died  1555-1556, 
was  Bishop  of  Carlisle  in  the  reigns  of  Henry  VIIL,  Ed 
ward  VI.,  and  Mary.  He  was  a  friend  of  Leland's,  and 
corresponded  with  Erasmus.  1.  Epistola  ad  Gulielmum 
Hormanum.  2.  Epigrammata  varia.  3.  Several  Resolu 
tions  concerning  the  Sacraments.  4.  Answers  to  certain 
Queries  concerning  the  abuses  of  the  Mass. — Biog.  Brit. 

Aldrich,  Thomas  Bailey,  b.  1836,  Portsmouth, 
N.H.,  Asst.  Ed.  Home  Journal,  N.  York,  a  poet  of  much 
promise.  1.  Miscellaneous  Poems,  12mo.  2.  The  Course 
of  True  Love  never  did  run  Smooth,  1858,  N.  York,  12mo. 

"  This  piquant  little  volume,  by  the  author  of  '  Babie  Bell,'  tells 
of  the  haps  and  mishaps  of  two  Eastern  lovers  whom  a  whimsical 
old  caliph  endeavors  to  keep  apart,  and  illustrates,  in  most  deli 
cious  verse,  the  truth  of  Shakspeare's  line, 

'  The  course  of  true  love  never  did  run  smooth.' " 

Aldridge.     See  ALLDRIDGE,  W.  T. 

Aldridge,  W.  Doct.  of  the  Trinity,  on  John  v.  5, 1777. 

Aldridge,  W.,  and  Holdsworth,  W.  Natural  Short 
Hand,  London,  1769. 

Alen,  or  Allen,  Edmond,  died  about  1559,  was  a 
native  of  Norfolk.  Strype  praises  him  as  a  great  proficient 
in  Greek  and  Latin,  an  eminent  Protestant  divine,  and  a 
learned  minister  of  the  gospel.  He  wrote  a  number  of 
theological  works,  and  translated  some  into  English. 

Ales,  or  Alesius,  Alexander,  1500-1565,  born  at 
Edinburgh,  a  divine  of  the  Confession  of  Augsburg. 
Patrick  Hamilton,  the  first  Scotch  martyr,  was  the  means 
of  his  conversion  to  the  doctrines  of  the  Reformation.  He 
wrote  a  number  of  theological  works,  and  translated  Ed 
ward  VI.'s  first  Liturgy  for  the  benefit  of  Bucer. 

Ales.     See  ALEXANDER  DE  HALES. 

Alexander,  Archibald,  D.D.,  1772-1851,  was  a  na 
tive  of  Rockbridge  county,  Virginia.  He  was  educated  at 
Hampden  Sydney  College,  and  studied  theology  with  Rev. 
Mr.  Graham.  He  was  licensed  to  preach  October  1,  1791, 
ordained  by  the  Presbytery  of  Hanover,  June  9,  1794,  and 
for  some  years  was  a  pastor  in  Charlotte  and  Prince  Ed 
ward.  He  was  chosen  President  of  Hampden  Sydney 
College  in  1796,  pastor  of  the  3d  Presbyterian  Church  in 
Philadelphia  in  1807,  and  first  Professor  of  Didactic  and 
Polemic  Theology  of  the  Princeton  (New  Jersey)  Theolo 
gical  Seminary  on  its  establishment  in  1812,  which  office 
he  retained  until  his  death  in  1851.  Dr.  Alexander's  cha 
racter  was  most  exemplary  in  all  the  relations  of  life.  His 
principal  works  are,  Evidences  of  Revealed  Religion ;  On 
the  Canon  of  Scripture ;  Christian  Experience ;  History  of 
African  Colonization ;  History  of  the  Israelites ;  Annals  of 
the  Jewish  Nation ;  Advice  to  a  Young  Christian ;  Bible  Dic 
tionary  ;  Counsels  from  the  Aged  to  the  Young ;  Thoughts 
on  Religious  Experience;  History  of  the  Log  College. 

"  Professor  Alexander  published  his  very  useful  volume  on  the 
Canon  of  Scripture,  as  a  supplement  to  a  treatise  on  the  Evidences 
of  the  Christian  Religion,  which  has  been  very  favourably  received 
in  North  America.  This  treatise  on  the  Canon  is  avowedly  com 
piled  from  the  previous  labours  of  the  most  eminent  critics,  espe 
cially  Bishop  Cosin's  Scholastic  History  of  the  Canon  of  the  Old 
Testament,  and  the  ample  collections  of  the  impartial  and  indefa 
tigable  Dr.  Lardner,  and  the  learned  Jeremiah  Jones.  The  first 
part  of  Dr.  Alexander's  treatise  discusses  the  Canon  of  the  Old 
Testament;  in  the  second  part  are  considered  the  Canon  of  the 
New  Testament,  and  the  reasons  for  which  the  Apocryphal  books 
are  deservedly  rejected  from  the  Sacred  Canon.  To  divines  and 
students  (especially  in  North  America)  who  may  not  have  access 
to  numerous  and  more  costly  works,  this  treatise  is  a  very  useful 
and  acceptable  present."— Home's  Introduction. 

This  work  was  published,  Princeton,  1826,  12mo,  Lon 
don,  1828,  12mo.     A  new  ed.  was  published,  Lond.,  1833, 
12mo,  with  introductory  remarks  by  John  Morison,  D.D. 
"  A  useful  Treatise  on  the  Canon." — BICKERSTETH. 
"  Morison's  preface  is  well  worthy  of  a  perusal.  .  .  .  The  '  Evi 
dences  of  Christianity'  is  a  masterly  performance."— LOWNDES. 

47 


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After  Dr.  Alexander's  decease,  there  was  pub.  from  his 
MS.  a  work  entitled  Outlines  of  Moral  Science,  1852. 

"  Though  not  aspiring  to  the  dignity  of  a  treatise,  it  forms  a  most 
compact  and  convenient  text-book.  .  .  .  The  author  has  had  a  clear 
perception  of  the  limits  of  his  subject,  and  has  not  aimed  at  making 
it  a  manual  of  -  the  whole  duty  of  man.' ...  It  is  a  calm,  clear  stream 
of  abstract  reasoning,  flowing  from  a  thoughtful,  well-instructed 
mind,  without  any  parade  of  logic,  but  with  an  intuitive  simplicity 
and  directness  which  gives  an  almost  axiomatic  force.  From  this 
characteristic  we  could  almost  have  conjectured  what  is  stated  in 
the  preface,  that  the  study  of  ethical  philosophy  was  the  author's 
fovourite  pursuit  for  at  least  threescore  years,  and  that  for  forty 
years  it  formed  a  branch  of  academic  instruction  in  connection  with 
his  theological  course."—  Westm.  Rev.,  Jan.  1853. 

Alexander,  B.,  M.D.,  d.  1768,  trans.  Morgagni's  Seats 
and  Causes  of  Diseases  inves.  by  Anatomy,  Lon.,  1769. 

Alexander,  Caleb,  D.D.,  of  Mass.,  U.S.  of  America, 
d.  1828.  1.  Essay  on  the  Deity  of  Jesus  Christ,  Ac.,  1796. 
2.  Latin  Grammar,  1794;  and  an  English  Grammar. 

Alexander,  D.  Con.  to  Annals  of  Med.,  vi.  p.  303, 1801. 

Alexander,  D.,  M.D.  Treatise  on  Croup,  Hudd.,  1794. 

Alexander,  D.  T.    A  Call  to  the  Jews,  Lon. 

Alexander  De  Hales,  d.  1245,  a  celebrated  English 
theologian,  was  called  by  his  contemporaries  the  Irrefragable 
Doctor  and  the  Fountain  of  Life.  So  highly  was  he  esteemed 
by  Pope  Innocent  that  he  ordered  him  to  compile  the  Summa 
Theologica.  He  also  wrote  some  commentaries  on  the  Scrip 
tures.  The  comments,  were  printed  at  Venice,  1496, 1575; 
Leipsic,  1594;  Cologne,  1621.  The  Summa,  at  Venice,  1475, 
'96,1576;  Nuremb.,  1481-82;  Paris,  1489;  Basel,  1502,  Ac. 

Alexander,  E.     Con.  to  Med.  Com.,  xv.  p.  373, 1790. 

Alexander  Essebiensis,  an  English  poet  and  theo 
logian,  flourished  about  1220.  He  wrote  a  Chronicle  of  Eng 
land  ;  A  Medical  Compendium  of  Bible  History;  A  Life  of 
St.  Agnes,  Ac.  See  Bale ;  Tanner's  Bibliotheca. 

Alexander,  J.  God's  Covenant  Displayed,  Lon.,  1684. 

Alexander,  J.  Theological  works,  Lon.,  1680, 1727. 

Alexander,  J.  Con.  to  Phil.  Trans.,  1740. 

Alexander,  J.  Dissert,  on  Quick  Lime,  Glasg.,  1760. 

Alexander,  J.  Essays,  Lon.,  1768. 

Alexander,  J.  Con.  to  Med.  Com.,  iii.  p.  186,  1775. 

Alexander,  J.  Eau  de  Luce,  Ac.;  Med.  Com.,  xiv.  p. 
297,  1789. 

Alexander,  Sir  J.  E.  (Captain.)  This  celebrated 
traveller  has  given  us  his  adventures  and  observations  in 
fourteen  volumes,  pub.  1827-38.  1.  Travels  from  India  to 
England,  1825-26,  Lon.,  1827. 

"  Containing  many  lively  and  interesting  descriptions,  more  par 
ticularly  of  scenes  in  Burmah." — Quar.  Rev. 

2.  An  Expedition  of  Discovery  into  the  Interior  of  Africa, 
Ac.,  Lon.,  1838. 

"  In  this  narrative  we  find  Captain  Alexander,  as  hitherto,  lively 
and  entertaining." — Lit.  Gaz. 

3.  Life  of  the  Duke  of  Wellington,  2  vols.  8vo. 

"  It  condenses  within  popular  limits  the  dry  military  details." — 
London  Globe. 

Alexander,  James  Waddell,  D.D.,  b.  1804,  Louisa 
county,  Va.,  eldest  son  of  Dr.  Archibald  Alexander,  suc 
cessively  Prof,  at  Princeton  in  College  and  Theol.  Sem., 
Pastor  in  Charlottesville,  Va.,  Trenton,  N.  J..  and  Fifth  Ave. 
Presb.  Church,  N.  York. 

"  He  is  highly  appreciated  as  an  author;  and  his  works  have  a 
practical  utility  which  renders  them  highly  popular. 

1.  Gift  to  the  Afflicted.  2.  A  Geography  of  the  Bible,  Phila., 
1830,  12mo,  compiled  by  J.  W.  and  J.  A.  Alexander.  3. 
The  American  Mechanic  and  Workingman's  Companion, 
N.  York  and  Phila.,  2  vols. 

"We  can  but  touch  upon  these  excellent  little  volumes;  for  the 
variety  which  they  contain  forbids  all  hope  of  giving  a  just  idea  of 
their  contents  without  numerous  extracts.  We  hope  their  circu 
lation  will  widen  until  better  books  of  the  same  kind  are  written, — 
which  is  allowing  them  a  long  lease  of  public  favour."— Lit.  World. 

4.  Thoughts  on  Family  Worship,  12mo.    5.  Consolation  ; 
or,  Discourses  to  the  Suffering  Children  of  God,  N.  York, 
8vo.  6.  Memoir  of  Rev.  Archibald  Alexander,  N.  York,  8vo. 
7.  Plain  Words  to  a  Young  Communicant,  12mo ;    also  in 
Welsh.    He  has  written  more  than  thirty  juvenile  works  for 
the  Amer.  Sunday-school  Union,  of  which  the  best-known 
are :    Infant  Library,  Only  Son,   Scripture  Guide,  Frank 
Harper,  Carl  The  Young  Emigrant,  Ac.     8.  The  American 
Sunday-School  and  its  Adjuncts,  Phila,,  1856  :  a  valuable 
book  to  all  interested  in  Sunday-schools.     Contributed  to 
Princeton  Rev.  since  its  commencement  in  1825. 

Alexander,  John,  1736-1765,  an  Irish  Unitarian  mi 
nister.  1.  A  Paraphrase  upon  the  15th  Chapter  1  Corinth. : 
see  Monthly  Rev.,  0.  S.,  vol.  xxxiv.  443-451.  2.  Com 
mentary  on  the  6th,  7th,  and  8th  Chapters  of  Romans;  and 
a  Serm.  on  Eccles.  ix.  10,  composed  the  day  preceding  his 
death,  Lon.,  1766. 

"  This  work  contains  a  few  good  critical  remarks ;  but  the  theo 
logical  creed  of  the  writer  occupies  a  most  prominent  place  through 
out.  The  denial  of  the  doctrine  of  the  atonement,  of  a  state  of  hap 


piness  of  departed  spirits,  and  of  the  resurrection  of  the  same  body, 
(it  will  perhaps  surprise  the  reader,)  is  founded  on  the  loth  chapter 
of  the  1st  Epistle  to  the  Corinthians.  None  of  these  important  truths, 
however,  could  Mr.  Alexander  find  here." — ORME. 

Alexander,  John  Henry,  b.  1812,  at  Annapolis,  Md. 
1.  Treatise  on  Mathematical  Instruments  used  in  Survey 
ing,  Levelling,  and  Astronomy,  by  F.  W.  Simms ;  edited, 
with  Copious  Additions,  Bait.,  1835,  8vo ;  1839,  8vo;  1848, 
8vo.  2.  Treat,  on  Levelling,  by  F.  W.  Simms ;  with  large 
Additions,  Bait.,  1838,  Svo.  3.  Contrib.  to  a  History  of  the 
Metallurgy  of  Iron  :  Pt.  1,  Bait.,  1840,  Svo,  pp.  xxiv.,  264, 
plates.  4.  Contributions,  Ac. :  Pt.  2,  Bait,  1842,  Svo.  5. 
Intro'its ;  or,  Ante-Communion  Psalms  for  the  Sundays  and 
Holy-Days  throughout  the  Year,  Phila.,  1844,  12mo.  6.  Re 
port  on  Standards  of  Weights  and  Measures  for  the  State  of 
Maryland,  1846,  Svo,  pp.  iv.,  213.  7.  Universal  Dictionary 
of  Weights  and  Measures,  Ancient  and  Modern,  Bait.,  1850, 
r.  Svo,  pp.  viii.,  158.  8.  Catena  Dominica,  Phila.,  12mo.  9. 
Reports  on  the  New  Map  of  Maryland;  annual  from  1838 
to  1840, — Annapolis  Public  Printer.  Various  papers,  to  be 
found  in  the  scientific  journals  of  America,  England,  France, 
and  Germany. 

Alexander,  Joseph  Addison,  D.D.,  b.  1809,  Phila 
delphia,  third  son  of  Dr.  Archibald  Alexander,  (q.  v.,)  grad. 
at  Coll.  of  N. J.,  Princeton,  1826 ;  was  appointed  Adjunct 
Prof,  of  Ancient  Languages  and  Literature  in  his  alma 
mater,  1830,  which  office  he  resigned  in  1833 ;  elected  Prof, 
of  Biblical  Criticism  and  Ecclesiastical  History  1838,  and 
in  1852  he  was  transferred  to  the  Chair  of  Biblical  and 
Ecclesiastical  History.  1.  The  Earlier  Prophecies  of  Isaiah, 
N.  York,  1846,  Svo.  2.  The  Later  Prophecies  of  Isaiah,  N. 
York,  1847,  Svo.  The  two  reprinted  in  1  vol.,  968  pp.,  by 
Collins,  of  Glasgow,  with  an  Introduction  by  the  Rev.  John 
Eadie,  LL.D.,  Prof,  of  Biblical  Literature  to  the  United 
Presbyterian  Church. 

"  Truly  such  a  theologian  as  Professor  Alexander  is  a  credit  to 
his  country  and  a  blessing  to  the  age.  His  introduction  alone  to 
his  commentary  on  Isaiah  is  a  contribution  of  surpassing  value. 
It  evinces  a  vast  range  of  acquaintance  with  the  early  and  modern 
schools  of  interpretation." — Evangelical  Mag. 

"  We  reckon  it  among  the  best  commentaries  on  Isaiah  of  any 
age  or  language." — DR.  EADIE. 

3.  The  Psalms  Translated  and  Explained,  3  vols.  12mo. 
N.  York,  1850.     Of  this  work  10,000  volumes  were  sold  in 
less  than  four  years. 

"  Dr.  Alexander's  recentty-published  work  on  the  Psalms  is  well 
known  in  the  literary  M'orld.  It  is  a  splendid  exegetical  work,  and 
places  its  author  at  once  in  the  highest  rank  of  this  department  of 
1  iterature." — Knickerbocker. 

4.  Isaiah  Translated  and  Explained,  [An  abridgment  of 
Nos.  1  and  2,]  2  vols.  12mo,  N.  York,  1851. 

5.  Essays  on  the  Primitive   Church  Offices,  [reprinted 
from  the  Princeton  Reriew,]  N.  York,  1851. 

Dr.  A.,  in  connexion  with  Dr.  Hodge,  is  preparing  a 
Commentary  on  the  New  Testament,  several  vols.  of  which 
have  been  published. 

Alexander,  L.    Jewish  Poor  in  London,  Ac.,  1802. 

Alexander  Le  Partiger,  an  English  ecclesiastic  of 
the  thirteenth  century.  See  Tanner  for  a  list  of  his  works. 

Alexander  Neckam.    See  NECKAM. 

Alexander,  Stephen,  LL.D.,  b.  1806,  at  Schenectady, 
N.Y.,  grad.  at  Union  Coll.  1824,  and  matriculated  at  the 
Theol.  Sem.  at  Princeton,  1832;  was  elected  Adjunct  Prof, 
of  Mathematics  in  the  same  institution,  1834,  which  position 
he  filled  until  1840,  when  the  Professorship  of  Astronomy 
was  created  and  assigned  to  him.  In  1845,  he  succeeded 
to  the  Chair  of  Mathematics,  which  he  exchanged,  in  1854, 
for  the  Professorship  of  Mechanics  and  Astronomy.  He 
occupies  a  deservedly  high  position  as  an  astronomer. 
Among  his  papers  which  attracted  the  most  attention  is 
one  on  the  Physical  Phenomena  attendant  upon  Solar 
Eclipses,  read  before  the  Amer.  Phil.  Soc.  at  their  centen- 
nary  meeting,  1843,  and  pub.  in  their  proceedings.  Funda 
mental  Principles  of  Mathematics,  in  Amer.  Jour.  Sci., 
1849.  On  the  Origin  of  the  Forms  and  the  Present  Con 
dition  of  some  of  the  Clusters  of  Stars  and  several  of  the 
Nebulae,  pub.  Amer.  Ast.  Jour.  This  valuable  paper  has 
attracted  the  notice  of  the  leading  astronomers  of  the  world. 
He  has  contributed  other  important  papers  to  many  of  the 
principal  scientific  journals.  SeeAppleton's  New  Amer.  Cyc. 

Alexander,  Thomas  S.  Practice  of  the  Court  of 
Chancery  and  County  Courts  as  Courts  of  Equity,  in  Mary 
land,  Bait,,  Svo,  1839. 

Alexander,  W.  L,  1.  The  Connection  and  Harmony 
of  the  Old  and  New  Testaments,  Lon.,  1841.  2.  High 
Catholicism  not  Apostolical,  Edin.,  1843.  3.  Switzerland 
and  the  Swiss  Churches,  Glasg.,  1846.  4.  Life  and  Corre 
spondence  of  Dr.  Wardlaw;  2d  ed.,  p.  Svo. 

Alexander,  Wm.    Medulla  Historia  Scotise,  Ac. 

Alexander,  Wm.,  draftsman  to  Ea  rl  Macartney  during 


ALE 


ALF 


the  embassy  to  China,  afterwards  in  the  print-department 
of  the  Brit.  Museum.  3.  Sketches  from  Nature  made  in  China, 
Lon.,  1797.  4.  The  Costume  of  China,  pub.  in  numbers. 

Alexander,  Win.  Hist.  Cat.  II.  Scriptures,  Lon.,  1815. 

Alexander,  Wm.    Conduct  of  Maj.-Gen.  Shirley,  Ac. 

Alexander,  W.,  "of  the  University  of  Pennsylvania." 
Poetical  Works,  including  Christian  Dramas,  and  Minor 
Poems,  with  Dissertation  on  Poetry,  and  a  Sketch  of  his 
Life,  Phila.,  1847. 

"  Vie  are  rather  inclined  to  think  that  Mr.  Alexander  has  alto 
gether  mistaken  his  vocation.  A  scholarly  appreciation  of  what  is 
beautiful  in  literature,  with  earnest  religious  feelings,  is  not  enough 
to  make  a  poet/' — Literary  World. 

Alexander,  Wm.,  M.D.  Short  Survey  of  the  Lineal 
Descent  of  the  Sov.  Princes  of  Europe,  Edinburgh,  1703. 

Alexander,  Wm.,  M.D.  Medical  works,  &c.,  Edin. 
and  Lond.,  1767-79. 

Alexander,  Wm.,  Earl  of  Stirling,  1580-1640, 
commenced  to  be  an  author  at  the  early  age  of  fourteen. 
He  was  born  at  Menstrie,  Scotland,  and  was  a  descendant 
of  the  family  of  Macdonald.  James  I.  and  Charles  I.  were 
both  much  attached  to  him.  The  first  gave  him  a  grant  of 
Nova  Scotia  in  1621,  which  charter  has  since  been  the 
cause  of  considerable  discussion.  In  his  Aurora  he  pre 
sented  the  public  with  more  than  a  hundred  sonnets,  songs, 
and  elegies,  as  a  poetical  display  of  an  ill-requited  pas 
sion,  which  distance  from  the  object  of  his  attachment 
could  not  remove. 

"  He  was  greatly  superior  to  the  style  of  his  age."— HORACE 
WALPOLE. 

"  The  Paraenesis  of  Sir  William  Alexander  is  a  noble  poem."— 

PlNKERTON. 

After  perusing  our  author's  poems,  Addison  remarked 
that 

"The  beauties  in  our  ancient  English  poets  are  too  slightly 
passed  over  by  modern  writers,  who,  out  of  a  peculiar  singularity, 
had  rather  take  pains  to  find  fault  than  endeavour  to  excel." 

Among  his  other  works  are  four  tragedies  in  alternate 
rhyme,  denominated  Monarchicke,  viz. :  Darius,  published 
1603;  Croesus,  1604  j  The  Alexandrian  Tragedy,  and  Ju 
lius  Caesar,  1607. 

"These  pieces  are  not  calculated  for  the  stage;  hut  inchide 
some  admirable  lessons  for  sovereign  power,  and  several  choruses 
written  with  no  small  share  of  poetic  vigour." — DR.  DRAKE. 

"  My  philosophical  poet." — JAMES  I. 

"  His  Paraenesis  and  Aurora  are  almost  classical  performances, 
and  well  merit  republication." — DR.  ANDERSON. 

"  John  Dunbar,  Arthur  Johnston,  and  Andrew  Ramsay,  have 
lauded  the  Earl  of  Stirling  in  their  Latin  poetry.  Daniel  has  com 
plimented  him  before  the  edition  of  his  Philotas  in  1605 ;  Davies  of 
Hereford  has  done  the  same  in  his  Scourge  of  Folly  and  Wit's  Bed 
lam  ;  Hayman  addressed  two  plaudits  to  him  in  his  Quodlibets ; 
Habington  commended  his  Tragick  Kaptures  and  Doomes-Day  in 
Castara;  Dray  ton  gave  him  affectionate  praise  in  his  epistle  to 
Henry  Eeynolds,  Esq. — Park's  W.dpolc's  R.  &  N.  Authors. 

Aleyn,  Charles,  died  about  1640,  was  a  poet  of  con 
siderable  reputation.  1.  The  Battle  of  Cressey  and  Poic- 
tiers,  1632.  2.  The  History  of  Henry  VII.,  &c.,  1638. 
3.  The  History  of  Euriolus  and  Lucretia,  1639,  translated 
from  ./Eneas  Sylvius.  Dr.  Thomas  Wykes  says  he  had 
read  over  the  "Historic  of  Henrie,"  and  "judges  it  worthy 
of  being  made  public." 

"  For  I  was  certain  that  this  book  by  thee 
Was  dedicated  to  eternity." 

Aleyn,  J.  Reports  Select  Cases  in  Banco  Regis,16Sl-88. 

Alford,  Rev.  Henry,  B.D.,  b.  1810,  London,  Vicar  of 
Wymeswold,  Leicestershire,  grad.  at  Trinity  Coll.,  Cam 
bridge.  Poems  and  Poetical  Fragments,  Camb.,  1831.  The 
School  of  the  Heart,  and  other  Poems,  2  vols.,  1835.  Abbot 
of  Muchelnaye,  and  other  Poems,  12mo.  Chapters  on  the 
.  Poets  of  Ancient  Greece,  8vo,  1841.  The  Consistency  of  the 
Divine  Conduct  in  Revealing  the  Doctrines  of  Redemption  : 
being  the  Hulsean  Lectures  for  1841.  To  which  are  added 
two  Sermons  preached  before  the  University  of  Cambridge, 
Cainb.,  1842.  Part  the  Second,  1843.  Psalms  and  Hymns 
adapted  to  the  Sundays  and  Holydays  throughout  the  Year, 
to  which  are  added  some  occasional  hymns,  Lon.,  1844. 
Poetical  Works,  2  vols.  12mo.  Select  Poetical  Works,  12mo; 
Bost.,  1853, 12mo,  pp.  424.  Serms.,  8vo.  Serms.  at  Quebec 
Chapel,  2  vols.  8vo.  Village  Serms.,  12mo.  Greek  Testa 
ment,  with  Notes,  &c. :  vol.  i.,  1844  :  vol.  ii.,  1852 ;  vols. 
iii.  and  iv.,  1856,  '57.  See  Memoirs  by  his  son,  8vo,  1855. 

Alford,  J.,  Trans,  of  a  work  upon  the  Lute,  Lon.,  1568. 

Alford,  Joseph.  The  Church  Triumphant,  Lon.,  1649. 

Alford,  or  Griffith,  Michael,  1587-1652,  born  at 
London.  Britannia  Illustrata,  1641.  Fides  Regia  Bri- 
tannica,  sive  Annales  Ecclesia  Britannica,  <fec.,  1663. 

"  A  work  of  no  very  ordinary  occurrence,  and,  at  the  same  time, 
of  very  considerable  utility ;  as  treating  fully  of  the  church  his 
tory  of  this  country  from  the  earliest  period  to  the  reign  of  Henrv 

11."— DI3MN. 


Alfred  the  Great,  848-901,  the  youngest  child  of 
Ethelwolf  and  Osburgha,  was  born  in  the  royal  manor  of 
Wantage  in  Berkshire,  where  the  kings  of  the  West-Sax 
ons  had  a  palace,  supposed  to  have  been  built  on  the  site 
of  a  Roman  station.  History  has  preserved  several  anec 
dotes  of  the  childhood  and  youth  of  this  great  prince. 
He  was  distinguished  above  all  his  brothers  by  his  beauty, 
graceful  manners,  and  early  display  of  talent,  and  was  on 
that  account  the  favourite  of  his  parents.  Alfred's  efforts 
for  the  restoration  of  literature  in  England  were  great, 
and  to  a  certain  degree  successful.  The  following  works 
were  either  written  by  him  or  have  been  attributed  to  him : 

1.  In  order  to  make   his  subjects  more  generally  ac 
quainted  with  ancient  history,  Alfred  translated  into  Eng 
lish  the  historical  work  of  Orosius.     A  manuscript  of  this 
translation  is  in  the  Cottonian    Library,  Tiberius,  B.  1, 
from  which  it  was  printed  by  Daines  Barrington.     Ano 
ther  copy  is  now,  with  the  other  manuscripts  belonging  to 
the  Lauderdale  Library,  in  the  possession  of  Lady  Dysart. 

2.  The  Anglo-Saxon  version  of  Bede's  History  of  the 
Anglo-Saxon  Church  has  also  been  generally  attributed  to 
Alfred.     Manuscripts  of  this  work  are  in  the  Public  Li 
brary  of  the   University  of   Cambridge,    and   in   Corpus 
Christi  College,  Cambridge,  No.  41,  the  latter  of  which 
belonged  to  Leofric,  Bishop  of  Exeter.     The  other  manu 
script  (MS.  Cotton.  Otho,  B.  xi.)  was  destroyed  by  the 
fire  in  the  Cottonian  Library.     This  book  also  has  been 
printed. 

3.  Alfred  translated  for  the  more  especial  use  of  his 
clergy  the  Pastorale  of  Pope  Gregory,  and  is  said  to  have 
sent  a  copy  of  it  to  each  of  his  bishops,  whose  names 
were  severally  inserted  in  the  translator's  preface.     Three 
of  the  original  copies  thus  sent  are  still  preserved,  ad 
dressed  to  Wulfsige,  Bishop  of  Sherborne,  (in  the  Public 
Library,  Cambridge,)  to  Waerferth,  Bishop  of  Worcester, 
(in  the  Bodleian  Library,  MS.  Hatton,  No.  88,)  and  to 
Plegmund  of  Canterbury,  (MS.  Cotton.  Tiberius,  B.  xi.) 
The  latter  is  very  much  injured  by  the  fire.     The  Cam 
bridge  MS.,  which  had  been  preserved  in  the  cathedral  of 
Wells,  and  was  sent  by  Bishop  Jewel  to  Archbishop  Par 
ker,  is  as  clean  and  fresh  in  appearance  as  when  it  came 
from  the  hands  of  Alfred's  scribe,  and  is  a  noble  specimen 
of  Anglo-Saxon  writing.     The  Cottonian  MS.   Otho,  B.  ii., 
now  destroyed  by  the  fire,  contained  a  copy  from  the  one 
sent  by  the  king  to  Hehstan,  Bishop  of  London,  appa 
rently  of  the  10th  or  beginning  of  the  llth  century.     There 
is  also  a  somewhat  later  transcript  of  Wulfsige's  copy  of 
the  Pastorale  in  the   library   of   Trinity   College,   Cam 
bridge,  and  another  manuscript  of  the  book  in  the  library 
of  Corpus   Christi  College,  No.  12.     This  work  has  not 
been    printed.     The    Dialogues   of    Pope    Gregory   were 
translated  by  Waerferth,  Bishop  of  Worcester,  under  Al 
fred's  direction. 

4.  Another  work  of  the  king's,  which  is  still  preserved, 
is  a  select  translation  of  the  Soliloquies  of  St.  Augustine. 
A  copy  of  it  is  in  MS.  Cotton.  Vitellius,  A.  xv.,  but  it  has 
not  been  printed. 

5.  One  of  the  most  interesting  of  Alfred's  translations 
is  that  of  the  treatise  of  Boethius  De  Consolatione  Philo 
sophise,  a  work  exceedingly  popular  during  the  Middle 
Ages.     It  is  more  freely  translated  than  his  other  books, 
and  exhibits,  more  than  any  of  them,  the  philosophical 
turn  of  Alfred's  mind.     The  original  is  said  to  have  been 
glossed  for  the  king  by  Asser,  to  render  it  more  easily  in 
telligible.     A  manuscript  of   this  work,   written   in    the 
common  hand  of  the  10th  century,  Otho,  A.  vi.,  has  been 
so  much  injured  by  fire  that  it  consists  only  of  a  few 
ragged  leaves.     A  transcript  of  it  is  preserved  among  the 
manuscripts  of  Junius  in  the  Bodleian  Library.     Another, 
written  towards  the  beginning  of  the  12th  century,  is  in 
the  Bodleian  Library.     It  has  been  twice  printed. 

6.  Alfred's  Manual,  or  Hand-book,  (as  he  called  it,)  ex 
isted  in  the  time  of  William  of  Malmsbury.     Asser  says 
that  it  was  about  the  size  of  a  Psalter,  and  that  Alfred 
entered  in  it  prayers  and  psalms,  and  his  daily  observa 
tions,  and  that  he  always  carried  it  about  with  him.     It 
appears,  from  William  of  Malmsbury,  that  it  also  contained 
historical  anecdotes  and  miscellaneous  entries. 

7.  William  of  Malmsbury  informs  us  that  the  king,  at 
the  time  of  his  death,  had  commenced  an  Anglo-Saxon 
version  of  the  Psalms,  which  he  left  unfinished;    some 
have  pretended  that  Alfred  translated  other  parts  of  the 
Bible. 

8.  Most  writers  who  have  given  lists  of  Alfred's  works 
include  among  them  what  they  call  Alfred's  Proverbs. 
This  work,  which  has  been  recently  printed,  is  preserved 
in  two  manuscripts,  in  MS.  Trin.  Coll.,  Cambridge,  B.  xiv. 

49 


ALF 

xxxix.,  and  in  MS.  Col.  Jes.,  Oxford,  i.  xxix. ;  a  third, 
MS.  Cotton.  Galba,  A.  xix.,  perished  in  the  fire.  They 
are  of  the  beginning  of  the  13th  century.  It  is  a  collec 
tion  of  moral  instructions  in  verse,  conveyed  in  popular 
proverbs,  supposed  to  be  addressed  by  him  to  his  people 
and  to  his  son,  but  it  has  no  claim  to  be  ranked  among 
his  works.  This  tract  must  have  been  in  existence  early 
in  the  12th  century,  for  it  is  mentioned  by  Ailred  of 
Rievaux. 

9.  The  translation  of  Esop's  Fables  attributed  to  King 
Alfred  was  probably  not  more  genuine.  Our  knowledge 
of  this  book  is  derived  from  the  Epilogue  to  the  fables  of 
the  Anglo-Norman  poetess  Marie,  who  says  that  she 
translated  them  from  Alfred's  English  version : 


Qu  'il  translate  e  fist  escrire; 

De  Griu  en  Latin  le  turna. 

Li  reis  Alvrez,  que  inert  1'ama, 

Le  translate,  puis  en  Engleis ; 

Et  jeo  1'ai  rimwe  en  Franceis,  etc." 

MS.  Harl,  No.  978,  fol.  87,  w. 

Some  of  the  manuscripts  of  these  fables  give  a  different 
reading  of  the  name,  but  that  of  Alfred  is  the  best  sup 
ported.  His  name  long  continued  to  be  popular,  and  was 
probably  affixed  in  different  ways  to  many  such  works  as 
the  two  last  mentioned.  The  introduction  to  a  Latin  ver 
sion  of  Esop,  preserved  in  a  manuscript  in  the  British 
Museum,  also  mentions  Alfred's  English  translation,  in  a 
manner  which  can  leave  little  doubt  of  the  existence  of 
such  a  book  bearing  that  monarch's  name. 

The  old  bibliographers,  such  as  Bale  and  Leland,  enu 
merate  other  works  under  the  name  of  Alfred,  for  which 
there  is  no  authority.  We  think  also  that  it  is  not  neces 
sary  to  place  among  the  king's  literary  productions  his 
enactments,  which  are  printed  in  all  the  editions  of  the 
Anglo-Saxon  laws. 

His  translations  are  executed  with  much  spirit.  As  he  tells 
us  himself,  he  "  sometimes  interprets  word  for  word,  and 
sometimes  meaning  for  meaning ;"  and  he  not  unfrequently 
inserted  passages  of  his  own.  The  most  interesting  of  his 
works  in  respect  to  this  latter  point  are,  his  version  of 
Boethius,  containing  several  very  remarkable  additions, 
and  his  Orosius,  in  the  geographical  part  of  which  he  has 
given  the  valuable  narratives  of  two  northern  navigators, 
Ohtere  and  Wulfstan,  whom  he  had  personally  examined. 
In  point  of  style,  Alfred's  translations  may  be  considered 
as  the  purest  specimens  we  possess  of  Anglo-Saxon  prose. 

Former  biographers  have  been  induced  to  give  him  the 
fame  of  being  a  poet  as  well  as  a  prose  writer ;  this  is  ow 
ing  to  Asser's  account  of  the  love  which  the  king  showed 
always  to  his  native  poetry,  and  of  the  metrical  version 
of  the  Metres  of  Boethius,  attributed  to  him.  We  have 
already  stated  it  as  our  opinion  that  these  metres  were  not 
the  work  of  Alfred;  they  were  probably  composed  by 
some  obscure  writer  of  the  10th  century,  who  imagined 
that  Alfred's  version  of  Boethius  was  imperfect  so  long  as 
the  metres  were  only  given  in  prose.  If  Alfred  had 
written  verse,  it  would  certainly  have  possessed  some  of 
the  higher  characteristics  which  distinguish  that  class  of 
compositions  in  the  Anglo-Saxon  language ;  and  we  can 
not  believe  that  he  would  have  submitted  to  the  puerile 
occupation  of  arranging  his  own  words  in  alliterative 
couplets. 

He  died  on  the  28th  of  October,  901.  His  children,  and 
even  his  grand-children,  inherited  from  him  the  same  great 
ness  of  mind,  and  love  of  science  and  literature,  which 
were  so  conspicuous  in  his  own  character.  His  name  con 
tinued  to  be  cherished  among  his  countrymen  till  the  ex 
tinction  of  Anglo-Saxon  independence,  and  it  was  without 
doubt  the  subject  of  numerous  traditionary  stories  and 
anecdotes.  Even  in  the  12th  and  13th  centuries  his  memory 
waa  kept  alive  as  the  burden  of  popular  songs,  and  by 
productions  similar  to  the  fables  and  proverbs  already 
mentioned. 

EDITIONS  OP  KINO  ALFRED'S  WORKS.— The  preface  to  the  Pasto 
rale  was  printed  with  Asser's  Life,  by  Matthew  Parker,  fol.,  Lond., 
1574;  it  was  reprinted  at  Leyden,  in  1597,  par  Bon.  Vulcanium 
Brugensem,  in  a  scarce,  anonymous  work,  entitled  De  Literis  et 
Lingua  Getarum,  sive  Gothorum :  it  was  again  printed  by  Camden, 
in  his  Anglica  Normanica,  &c.  Scripte,  fol.  Francof.,  1603;  and 
afterwards  by  Wise,  in  his  edition  of  Asser,  8vo,  Oxon.,  1722. 

Historic  Ecclesiastics;  Gentis  Anglorum  Libri  V.  a  Venerabili 
Beda  Presbytero  scripti.  Edited  by  Wheloc.,  fol.,  Cantebr.,  1643. 
Alfred's  Anglo-Saxon  version  of  Bede. 

An.  Manl.  Sever.  Boethii  Consolationis  Philosophise  Libri  V. 
Anglo-Saxonice  redditi  ab  Alfredo,  inclyto  Anglo-Saxonum  Regl. 
Ad  apographum  Junianum,  expresses  edidit  Christophorus  Raw- 
linson,  e  Collegio  Reginse,  8vo,  Oxon.,  1698. 

Historic  Ecclesiasticae  Gentis  Anglorum,  &c.    Auctore  Baeda. 
Edited  by  Smith,  fol.,  Cantabr.,  1722,  pp.  471-649.    Anglo-Saxon 
version  of  Bede. 
50 


ALF 

The  Anglo-Saxon  version,  from  the  historian  Orosius,  by  JElfred 
the  Great,  together  with  an  English  Translation  from  the  Anglo- 
Saxon,  8vo,  London,  1773.  By  Daines  Barrington. 

The  Will  of  King  Alfred.  Oxford:  at  the  Clarendon  Press, 
1788,  4to. 

The  Will  of  King  Alfred,  reprinted  fiom  the  Oxford  ed.  of  1788 ; 
with  a  preface  and  additional  notes  by  Thomas  Astle,  8vo,  1828. 

King  Alfred's  Anglo-Saxon  version  of  Boethius  de  Consolatione 
Philosophize,  with  an  English  Translation,  and  notes.  By  J.  S. 
Cardale,  8vo,  London,  1829. 

King  Alfred's  Anglo-Saxon  version  of  the  Metres  of  Boethius, 
with  an  English  Translation,  and  Notes.  By  the  Rev.  Samuel  Fox. 
8vo,  London,  1835. 

Reliquiae  Antiquae.  Edited  by  Thomas  Wright  and  James 
Orchard  Halliwell,  vol.  i.  8vo,  London,  1841,  pp.  170-188.  The  Pro 
verbs  of  King  Alfred.— Abbreviated  from  Wright's  Biog.  Brit.  Lit. 

Alfred  of  Beverly,  born  about  1100,  derives  his 
chief  importance  from  the  dispute  which  has  arisen  whether 
he  preceded  or  came  after  Geoffrey  of  Monmouth.  Histo 
rians  and  bibliographers  have  all  fixed  at  too  early  a  date 
the  period  when  Alfred  of  Beverly  compiled  his  history. 
All  that  we  know  of  his  life  is  derived  from  his  own  writ 
ings.  While  occupied  with  his  historical  researches,  it 
appears  that  the  history  of  Geoffrey  of  Monmouth  was 
published,  and  began  to  create  a  great  sensation.  Alfred 
hearing  people  talk  of  British  kings  of  whom  he  was  en 
tirely  ignorant,  and  ashamed  to  be  obliged  continually  to 
confess  that  he  knew  nothing  about  them,  became  anxious 
to  obtain  a  sight  of  the  new  history,  and  with  much  diffi 
culty  succeeded.  He  perused  it  with  avidity,  and,  charmed 
with  the  novelty  of  its  contents,  he  would  have  made  a 
transcript  of  it  for  himself  if  he  had  been  allowed  suffi 
cient  time,  and  had  possessed  money  enough  to  buy  the 
materials  at  once;  but  this  not  being  the  case,  he  deter 
mined  to  make  an  abridgment  of  it.  Alfred  informs  us 
that,  having  abridged  the  history  of  the  Britons,  he  de 
termined  to  abridge  other  historians,  so  as  to  continue  his 
book  through  the  Saxon  and  Norman  times.  We  trace,  as 
having  gone  through  this  process,  among  others,  Bede, 
Florence  of  Worcester,  and  the  Northern  writer  Simeon 
of  Durham,  which  historian  appears  to  have  been  the  last 
he  used,  for  Alfred's  history  closes  in  the  same  year  with 
that  of  Simeon,  A.D.  1129,  the  29th  year  of  Henry  I.  His 
historical  notices  are  extremely  brief,  and  his  style  is  that 
of  the  ordinary  writers  of  his  age.  Bale  has  increased  the 
number  of  works  attributed  to  Alfred  of  Beverly,  by  mak 
ing  three  different  titles  out  of  his  one  known  historical 
epitome.  He  is  said  to  have  written  a  life  of  John  of 
Beverly ;  but  we  know  with  more  certainty  that  he  was  the 
author  of  a  work  on  the  rights  and  privileges  of  his  church, 
which  he  is  said  in  the  title  to  have  translated  from  Eng 
lish  into  Latin,  and  which  was  preserved  in  the  Cottonian 
Library,  but  the  volume  containing  it  unfortunately  pe 
rished  in  the  fire.  Edition,  Aluredi  Beverlacensis  Annales, 
sive  Historia  de  Gestis  Regum  Britanniae,  Libris  ix.,  e  co- 
dice  pervetusto.  .  .  .  Descripsit  ediditque  Tho.  Hearnius, 
Oxon.,  1716,  8vo. — Abbrev.from  Wright's  Biog.  Brit.  Lit. 

Alfred,  (flourished  1170,)  who  by  some  writers  is 
named  the  Philosopher,  is  enumerated  by  Roger  Bacon 
among  those  who  had  translated  the  Arabian  books  of 
science  into  Latin.  Pits,  partly  on  the  authority  of  Boston 
of  Bury,  tells  us  that  he  wandered  in  search  of  learning 
through  France  and  Italy,  and  that  at  Rome  he  was  re 
ceived  into  the  family  of  Cardinal  Ottobini,  who  made  him 
his  chaplain,  and  brought  him  to  England,  when  he  was 
sent  as  legate  by  Pope  Urban  IV.  to  make  peace  between 
Henry  III.  and  his  barons.  This  however  cannot  be  cor 
rect,  for  one  of  Alfred's  principal  works,  the  translation 
(from  the  Arabic)  of  Aristotle's  treatise,  De  Vegetabilibus 
et  Plantis,  is  dedicated  to  Roger  of  Hereford,  whose  con  - 
temporary  he  must  have  been.  In  the  manuscripts  of  thii 
book,  preserved  in  the  BibliothSque  Royale  at  Paris,  the 
author  is  sometimes  named  simply  Magister  Alfredus,  and 
at  others  Alfredus  de  Sarchel.  M.  Jourdain  states  reasons 
for  believing  that  this  work  was  translated  in  Spain.  Pits 
mentions  the  titles  of  several  other  books  attributed  to 
him,  most  of  which  are  still  extant :  they  are,  1.  De  Musica, 
of  which  he  gives  as  the  first  words,  Licet  mihi  inter  medi- 
tandum.  2.  In  Boethium  de  Consolatione  Philosophias,  in 
five  books,  not  now  known  to  exist.  3.  In  Meteora  Aristo- 
telis.  This  is  preserved  in  a  manuscript  in  the  Royal 
Library  at  Paris,  where  the  author's  name  is  corruptly 
spelt  Alphiolus.  4.  De  Rerum  Natura.  M.  Jourdain  be 
lieves  this  to  be  the  treatise  De  Causis  Elernentorum,  which 
is  found  in  most  of  the  manuscripts  joined  to  the  transla 
tion  of  Aristotle  De  Vegetabilibus,  and  clearly  resembles 
it  in  style.  5.  De  Motu  Cordis.  M.  Jourdain  thinks  this 
may  be  the  same  as  a  short  treatise,  evidently  translated 
from  the  Arabic,  which  is  found  under  the  same  title  in  a 
MS.  in  the  Royal  Library  at  Paris,  MS.  Lat.  No.  6443. 


ALF 


ALI 


6.  Leland  mentions  a  treatise  by  this  writer,  (or  some  per 
son  of  the  same  name,)  De  Educatione  Accipitrum.  Per 
haps  the  Aluredus  Anglicus,  mentioned  by  Boston  of  Bury 
as  Cardinal  Ottoboni's  chaplain,  and  as  the  author  of  the 
treatise  on  music,  and  the  Commentary  on  Boethius,  was  a 
different  person  from  the  philosopher. — Abbreviated  from 
Wright's  Biog.  Brit.  Lit. 

Alfric,  or  Alfred  of  Malmsbury?  flourished  in  990. 
William  of  Malmsbury  tells  us  that  he  was  a  learned  man. 
The  old  bibliographers  attribute  to  this  writer  a  scientific 
treatise  De  Naturis  Rerum,  and  a  history  of  his  abbey,  De 
Rebus  sui  Coenobii.  No  such  works,  however,  are  now 
known  to  exist.  William  of  Malmsbury  has  wrongly  at 
tributed  to  this  Alfric  the  writings  of  Alfred  of  Canter 
bury. — Abbreviated  from  Wright's  Biog.  Brit.  Lit. 

Alfric  of  Canterbury,  died  1006.  No  Anglo-Saxon 
writer  has  excited  so  much  interest  in  modern  times  by  his 
works  as  Alfric  the  Grammarian,  as  he  has  been  generally 
named,  from  his  grammar;  and  yet  there  are  few  whose 
personal  history  is  involved  in  so  much  confusion  and  un 
certainty.  This  arises,  in  part,  from  the  name  having  been 
extremely  common  among  the  Anglo-Saxons,  and  from 
the  difficulty  of  identifying  the  author  of  the  different 
books  which  bear  this  name  by  internal  evidence.  Leland 
separated  one  Alfric  into  three,  and  Bale  gave  each  of 
these  three  a  distinct  chapter.  On  the  other  hand,  Usher 
joined  three  into  one,  confounding  Alfric  of  Canterbury 
with  Alfric  of  York  and  Alfric  of  Malmsbury.  The  his 
torians  of  the  12th  and  13th  centuries,  such  as  William  of 
Malmsbury,  and  Matthew  Paris,  do  not  seem  to  have  es 
caped  from  the  same  confusion. 

Alfric  is  said  to  have  been  descended  from  a  noble  family, 
his  father  being  Ealderman  or  Earl  of  Kent.  When  young, 
his  education  was  intrusted  to  one  of  the  secular  priests, 
who,  as  he  says,  could  with  difficulty  understand  Latin, 
and  from  whose  misconduct  he  seems  to  have  derived  a 
contempt  for  the  whole  class  of  secular  clergy.  We  think 
it  probable  that  Alfric  remained  at  Winchester,  until  A.D. 
988  or  989,  when  he  was  sent  by  Alf  heh,  then  Bishop  of 
Winchester,  to  regulate  or  govern  the  newly-established 
Abbey  of  Cerne,  in  Dorsetshire,  at  the  request  of  the  foun 
der,  Ealderman  Ethelmer.  The  next  event  in  the  life  of 
Alfric  is  his  promotion  to  the  Bishopric  of  Wilton.  We 
are  justified  in  believing  that  he  filled  this  bishopric  during 
a  very  brief  period  previous  to  the  death  of  Sigeric  of 
Canterbury,  in  995.  In  995,  Alfric  succeeded  Sigeric  as 
Archbishop  of  Canterbury;  and  it  is  remarkable  that  in 
the  instrument  of  his  election  he  is  called  simply  a  monk 
of  Abingdon.  All  we  know  of  the  remainder  of  his  life 
is,  that  he  ruled  his  diocese  with  vigour  and  piety  during 
a  period  of  continual  sufferings  from  the  inroads  of  the 
Danes.  Bridferth,  who  dedicated  to  him  his  life  of  Dun- 
stan,  speaks  of  the  wonderful  extent  of  his  learning.  Alfric 
died  on  the  16th  of  November,  1006. 

It  is  probable  that  the  greater  part  of  Alfric's  numerous 
writings  are  still  extant.  They  consist  chiefly  of  transla 
tions,  and  may  be  conveniently  divided  into  three  classes  : 
those  intended  for  the  instruction  of  youth,  theological 
works  written  after  his  mission  to  the  Abbey  of  Cerne,  and 
those  which  he  composed  after  his  elevation  to  the  Bishop 
ric  of  Wilton.  1.  The  Latin  Grammar,  which  is  a  trans 
lation  from  the  old  grammars  of  Donatus  and  Priscian, 
and  from  which  Alfric  has  derived  his  title  of  Gramrnati- 
cus.  Several  manuscripts  of  his  grammar  are  preserved, 
and  it  was  printed  by  Somner  in  the  17th  century.  The 
second,  or  Anglo-Saxon,  preface  alludes  to  his  homilies, 
and  therefore  must  have  been  written  after  he  left  Win 
chester.  2.  The  Glossary  of  Latin  words  most  commonly 
used  in  conversation,  (for  which  purpose  it  was  intended,) 
which  is  generally  found  in  the  same  manuscripts  with  the 
Grammar,  was  also  published  by  Somner.  3.  The  Collo 
quium,  or  conversation  in  Latin,  with  an  interlinear  Saxon 
gloss,  intended  to  further  the  same  object  as  the  Glossary, 
and  forming  a  second  book  to  it.  4.  We  ought  probably 
to  attribute  to  Alfric  the  Anglo-Saxon  Manual  of  Astrono 
my,  which  occurs  so  frequently  in  early  manuscripts.  It 
is  found  in  a  large  manuscript  of  Alfric's  works  in  the 
Public  Library  of  the  University  of  Cambridge,  and  con 
tains  many  of  the  characteristics  of  Alfric's  writings,  par 
ticularly  his  expressions  of  contempt  for  the  "unlearned 
priests ;"  recently  printed.  5.  A  collection  of  homilies, 
(the  greatest  of  all  Alfric's  works,)  amounting  in  number 
to  eighty,  and  written,  as  he  acknowledges,  at  the  sugges 
tion  of  Ethelmer  and  Ethelward.  6.  After  this  collection 
was  completed,  Alfric,  at  the  request  of  Ethelward,  com 
piled  from  the  Latin  another  set  of  homilies,  commemo 
rative  of  the  different  saints  revered  by  the  Anglo-Saxon 


church,  divided,  like  the  former,  into  two  books.  A  copy 
of  this  work  will  be  found  in  MS.  Cotton.  Julius,  E.  vii. 
7.  One  of  the  next  works  of  Alfric,  or  at  least  one  of  those 
completed  before  he  was  raised  to  a  bishopric,  was  the 
translation  of  the  Heptateuch.  8.  A  treatise  on  the  Old 
and  New  Testament,  addressed  to  Sigward  aet  East-Heolon, 
which  was  printed  with  a  translation  by  Lisle.  9.  A  treatise 
on  the  Trinity,  addressed  to  Wulfgeat  aet  Ylmandune, 
preserved  in  manuscript  in  the  Bodleian  Library.  10.  The 
abridgment  of  Ethelwold's  Constitutions,  for  the  monks  of 
Eynsham,  preserved  in  manuscript  at  Cambridge,  MS. 
Coop.  Chr.  Coll.,  No.  265.  11.  Perhaps  Alfric  was  the 
author  of  the  translation  of  the  life  of  Guthlac,  by  Felix 
of  Croyland,  preserved  in  MS.  Cotton.  Vespas.  D.  xxi. 
12.  An  Epistle  to  Sigferth,  on  the  marriage  of  the  clergy. 
While  Bishop  of  Wilton  he  probably  wrote,  13.  The  Sermo 
^llfrici  episcopi  ad  clericos,  and  14.  The  Sermo  ad  Sacer- 
dotes,  both  preserved  in  MS.  Coop.  Chr.  Coll.,  Camb.,  No. 
265,  and  in  other  manuscripts.  The  latter  found  also  in 
MS.  Cotton.  Tiber.  A.  iii.,  is  addressed  to  Bishop  Wulfsine, 
and  is  also  known  as  Alfric's  Canons.  It  has  been  printed. 
These  are  in  Latin  and  in  Anglo-Saxon. — Abbreviated 
from  Wrights  Biog.  Brit.  Lit. 

Alfric  IJata,  a.  1051.  He  informs  us  that  he  was  the 
disciple  of  the  elder  Alfric  (not  of  Ethelwold)  at  Winches 
ter.  He  is  known  principally  as  having  republished  and 
enlarged  some  of  the  books  of  scholastic  instruction  com 
piled  by  his  master,  more  particularly  the  Colloquium, 
printed  by  Mr.  Thorpe.  It  is  probable  that  he  also  repub 
lished  Alfric's  Grammar  and  Glossary,  for  they  are  joined 
with  the  Colloquium  in  the  manuscript  of  the  latter  pre 
served  at  Oxford ;  and  in  the  copy  of  the  grammar  printed 
by  Somner  there  is  a  short  epistle  connecting  Alfric's  name 
with  that  of  King  Canute,  which  cannot  refer  to  Alfric  of 
Canterbury.  He  is  supposed  to  be  the  author  of  the  Life 
of  Ethelwold;  also  of  one  of  the  homilies  (entitled  in  some 
manuscripts  In  Natale  Unius  Confessoris)  a  marginal 
note  to  which,  in  one  of  the  manuscripts,  states  that  it  was 
composed  at  the  desire  of  the  younger  Ethelwold,  Bishop 
of  Winchester,  who  is  said  to  have  succeeded  Cynewulf  in 
1008. — Abbreviated  from  Wright's  Biog.  Brit.  Lit. 

Alfrid.  1.  Appeal  in  the  Case  of  M.  A.  Fitzherbert, 
1790.  2.  Letters  :  View  of  the  Polit.  State  of  Europe,  1793. 

Alger,  William  Rounseville,  b.  1823,  at  Free 
town,  Mass.  1.  Symbolic  History  of  the  Cross  of  Christ, 
ISmo.  2.  Oriental  Poetry,  or  Metrical  Specimens  of  the 
Thought,  Sentiment,  and  Fancy  of  the  East ;  with  an  His 
torical  Introduction,  12mo.  3.  History  of  the  Doctrine  of 
a  Future  Life  as  it  has  prevailed  in  all  Nations  and  Ages,  8vo. 

"  An  extraordinary  amount  of  solid  learning  and  deep  research, 
abounding  with  innumerable  beauties  of  thought." 

Ed.,  with  an  Introduction,  Studies  of  Christianity;  or, 
Timely  Thoughts  for  Religious  Thinkers,  by  Rev.  Jas. 
Martineau,  Bost.,  1858. 

Algernon.     The  Royal  Wanderer,  &c.;  a  Tale,  1815. 

Algood,  M.     Funl.  Serm.  on  Rev.  G.  Richbell,  1684. 

Alingham.  Account  of  the  Nat.  and  Use  of  Maps,  1203. 

Alison,  Alexander.  1.  History  of  the  Future,  p.  8vo. 
2.  Second  Reformation,  p.  8vo. 

'  Alison,  Archibald,  1757-1839,  son  of  Andrew  Alison, 
of  Edinburgh,  was  matriculated  at  Baliol  College,  Oxford, 
in  1775.  He  was  senior  minister  of  the  Episcopal  Chapel, 
Cowgate,  Edinburgh.  In  1790  he  published  Essays  on  the 
Nature  and  Principles  of  Taste,  which  work  has  attained 
a  wide  celebrity.  He  gave  to  the  world  a  number  of  ser 
mons,  1809-15,  also  a  Memoir  of  the  Life  and  Writings  of 
Lord  Woodhouslee.  Trans.  Ed.  R.  Soc.  vii.  515,  1818. 

"  Mr.  Alison  maintains  that  all  beauty,  or,  at  least,  that  all  the 
beauty  of  material  objects,  depends  upon  the  associations  that  may 
have  connected  them  with  the  ordinary  affections  of  our  nature; 
and  in  this,  which  is  the  fundamental  point  of  his  theory,  we  con 
ceive  him  to  be  no  less  clearly  right,  than  he  is  conTincing  and 
judicious  in  the  copious  illustrations  by  which  he  has  sought  to 
establish  its  truth."— LORD  JEFFREY. 

Dr.  Dibdin  extols  Mr.  Alison's  style  highly : 

"  The  beautiful  and  refined  fancy,  and  melodious  style  of  this 
writer,  render  his  works  deserving  of  a  conspicuous  place  in  every 
well-chosen  library." 

"  An  excellent  and  highly-pleasing  work  on  taste." — LOWNDES. 

Mr.  Alison's  sermons  have  been  greatly  commended  : 

"  These  remind  us  more  of  the  beautiful  harangues  of  Fenelon, 
or  of  the  celebrated  Oraisons  Funebres  of  Bossuet,  than  of  any 
British  growth  and  manufacture.  The  beauty  of  the  style  and 
imagery  is  almost  sure  to  attract  the  attention ;  and  the  mind  must 
be  dull  and  sullen  indeed  that  offers  a  long  resistance  to  the  stronger 
charms  which  form  the  grand  characteristics  of  these  eloquent  dis 
courses.  .  .  .  We  can  hardly  help  envying  the  talent  by  which 
Mr.  Alison  has  clothed  so  much  wisdom  in  so  much  beauty,  and 
made  us  find  in  the  same  work  the  highest  gratifications  of  taste, 
and  the  noblest  lessons  of  virtue."— Edinburgh  Review. 


ALI 


ALL 


Alison,  Sir  Archibald,  Bart.,  D.C.L.,  eldest  son 
of  the  preceding,  was  b.  at  Kenley,  Shropshire,  Dec.  29, 
1792,  at  which  place  his  father  was  then  vicar.  He  was 
educated  in  Edinburgh,  where  his  father  was  then  settled. 
Ho  studied  law,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1814,  and 
that  and  the  following  year  he  travelled  on  the  Continent, 
and  pub.  his  Travels  in  France ;  2d  ed.,  1816,  8vo.  He 
was  made  Sheriff  of  Lanarkshire  in  1828 ;  Rector  of  Glas 
gow  Univ.,  1851;  created  a  baronet,  1852.  He  esta 
blished  a  high  reputation  by  his  Principles  of  the  Criminal 
Law,  Edin.,  1832,  and  The  Practice  of  the  Criminal  Law, 
which  have  become  standard  authorities  with  the  Scottish 
bar.  His  History  of  Europe  from  the  Commencement  of 
the  French  Revolution  to  the  Restoration  of  the  Bour 
bons,  pub.  in  10  vols.  8vo,  1839-42,  established  his  reputa 
tion  in  Europe  and  America.  The  8th  Edinburgh  ed. — 
New  Library  Edition — was  pub.  1849-51,  14  vols.  8vo, 
£10  10s. ;  in  r.  8vo,  £21.  9th  ed., — People's  Edition,  — 
1853-55,  12  vols.  p.  8vo,  and  Index  vol.,  £2  Us.  It  has 
been  reprinted  in  Paris,  Brussels,  America,  Ac.,  and 
trans,  into  French,  German,  Hindostanee,  and  Arabic. 

Mr.  Alison  is  a  high  Tory  in  politics,  evidences  of  which 
fact  will  be  found  in  his  Essays,  Political,  Historical,  <fcc., 
(originally  pub.  in  Blackwood's  Mag.,)  1850,  3  vols.  8vo. 
In  1840  he  pub.  Principles  of  Population,  2  vols.  8vo,  in 
which  he  combats  the  theory  of  Malthus. 

"  Mr.  Alison  takes  alarger — perhaps  a  loftier — view  of  the  subject 
of  Population  than  all  others.  His  work  possesses  a  vast  fund  of 
matter  and  personal  observation ;  and  those  who  peruse  the  volumes 
will  have  their  minds  expanded  by  various  and  enlarged  specula 
tion  and  instructed  by  the  new  light  in  which  existing  information 
is  placed." — Lon.  Spectator. 

In  1847,  he  pub.  a  treatise  on  Free  Trade  and  Fettered 
Currency,  8vo ;  and  in  the  same  year,  The  Life  of  the  Duke 
of  Marlborough ;  2d  ed,  1852,  8vo;  3d  ed.,  1855,  8vo.  In 
1852-57  he  pub.  vols.  i.-vi.  of  the  History  of  Europe  from 
1815-52.  Of  Sir  Archibald's  first  historical  work  (1789- 
1815)  we  have  many  criticisms  before  us,  but  can  afford 
room  for  brief  extracts  from  two  or  three  only. 

"  It  is,  upon  the  whole,  a  valuable  addition  to  European  litera 
ture,  evidently  compiled  with  the  utmost  care :  its  narration,  so 
far  as  we  can  judge,  is  not  perverted  by  the  slightest  partiality. 
Its  defects,  or  what  we  deem  such,  are  matters  partly  of  taste  and 
partly  of  political  opinion.  Its  merits  are  minuteness  and  honesty, 
—qualities  which  may  well  excuse  a  faulty  stylo,  gross  political 
prejudices,  and  a  fondness  for  exaggerated  and  frothy  declama 
tion.  .  .  .  Whenever  we  have  been  led  to  compare  the  conflicting 
accounts  of  any  important  event  in  Mr.  Alison's  history,  we  have 
almost  invariably  found  that  his  narrative  steers  judiciously  be 
tween  them  and  combines  the  most  probable  and  consistent  par 
ticulars  contained  in  each.  Mr.  Alison's  general  style  is  not  at 
tractive.  It  is  not,  however,  at  least  in  the  narrative  part  of  it, 
either  feeble  or  displeasing.  Its  principal  defect  is  the  cumbrous 
and  unwieldy  construction  of  its  sentences,  which  frequently 
causes  them  to  appear  slovenly  and  obscure,  and  sometimes  ren 
ders  their  precise  meaning  doubtful." — Edin.  Rev.,  Ixxvi.  1. 

"  No  work  could  have  made  such  progress  in  national  opinion 
without  substantial  qualities.  Its  vigour  of  research  and  its  manli 
ness  of  principle,  its  accurate  knowledge  and  its  animation  of  style, 
have  been  the  grounds  of  its  remarkable  public  favour,  as  they  are 
the  guarantees  for  its  permanent  popularity." — Blackw.  Mag. 

'^.An  accomplished  civilian  of  our  own  has  lately  closed  with  an 
account  of  this  final  struggle  (battle  of  Waterloo)  a  voluminous 
history,  which  has,  we  know,  enjoyed  in  its  progress  a  very  high 
share  of  popularity.  Agreeing  as  we  do  with  many  of  Mr.  Alison's 
political  opinions,  and  approving  the  spirit  of  his  moral  reflections, 
we  have  no  disposition  to  question  the  general  merits  of  a  work, 
&c.  We  may  be  pardoned  for  remarking,  in  general,  that  a  writer 
of  Mr.  Alison's  particular  qualifications  would  have  acted  wisely 
in  compressing  the  military  narratives  and  disquisitions  which 
abound  in  his  volumes,  and  in  abstaining  from  certain  conclu 
sions  which,  coming  from  him,  possess,  indeed,  no  other  authority 
than  that  which  his  mere  powers  of  language  can  invest  them, 
but  may  be  quoted  by  interested  persons  for  their  own  purposes. — 
persons  who  would  otherwise  pay  little  attention  to  Mr.  Alison  or 
his  work." — Lon.  Quar.  Rev.,  Ixx.  467. 

**  The  History  of  Europe  during  the  French  Revolution  is  by  far  the 
most  remarkable  historical  work  of  the  century."— For.  Quar.  Rev. 
Those  who  desire  to  pursue  the  subject  still  further  are 
referred  to  Lon.  Quar.  Rev.,  vols.  Ixx.,  Ixxii.,  Ixxiii.,  Ixxvi. ; 
Edin.  Rev.,  Ixxvi.  j  Blackw.  Mag.,  xlii.,  xlvi.,  xlviii.,  1., 
Hi.;  Westm.  Rev.,  xli.,  (by  W.  R.  Gregg;)  N.  Amer.  Rev., 
Ivi.,  (by  F.  Bowen;)  Dubl.  Univ.  Mag.,  viii.,  x.,  xi.,  xx. ; 
Amer.  Whig  Rev.,  i.  341,  (in  which  will  be  found  strictures 
on  his  Toryism ;)  and  other  articles  in  various  periodicals. 
Sir  Archibald  Alison's  Life  of  John,  Duke  of  Marlbo 
rough,  with  some  Account  of  his  Contemporaries  and  of 
the  War  of  the  Succession,  must  be  read  as  a  preface  to  his 
histories.  Of  the  2d  ed.  the  author  remarks, 

"In  this  edition,  which  will  be  considerably  more  than  double 
the  size  of  the  first,  the  author  has  endeavoured  to  convert  the 
military  sketch  which  alone  was  attempted  in  the  first  edition 
into  a  more  complete  history,  on  the  same  plan  in  respect  to  de 
tail  and  reference  to  authority  as  his  History  of  Europe.  No 
pains  have  been  spared  in  consulting  the  best  authorities  on  the 
subject,  both  in  Great  Britain  and  on  the  Continent." 


Alison,  R.  A  Plaine  Confutation  of  a  Treatise  of 
Brownism,  entitled  A  Description  of  the  Visible  Church, 
London,  1590.  An  Houre's  Recreation  in  Musicke,  apt 
for  Instruments  and  Voyces,  London,  1606. 

Alison,  William  Pulteney,  M.D.,  political  econo 
mist,  physician,  and  Professor  of  the  Practice  of  Medicine 
in  the  University  of  Edinburgh,  is  a  younger  brother  of  the 
historian,  and,  like  him,  highly  conservative  in  his  politics, 
but  very  popular  with  the  opposite  party,  on  account  of 
the  interest  he  has  bestowed  on  the  poor  and  suffering 
classes.  In  connexion  with  this  subject  he  has  been  led 
to  the  consideration  of  certain  great  national  questions, 
and,  together  with  his  brother,  he  has  always  opposed  the 
existing  system  of  Poor  Laws. 

Outlines  of  Physiology ;  3d  ed.,  Edin.,  1839,  8vo ;  Out 
lines  of  Pathology  and  Practice  of  Medicine,  1848,  8vo ; 
Remarks  on  the  Report  on  the  Poor-Laws  of  Scotland, 
1848,  8vo. 

"  Every  individual  who  cannot  afford  time  to  wade  through  the 
monstrous  volumes  of  evidence  which  have  been  so  digested,  (by 
Dr.  Alison,)  and  who  feels  interested  in  the  subject,  must  acknow 
ledge  himself  deeply  indebted  to  the  performer  of  this  disinte 
rested  act  of  labour." — Scotsman. 

In  a  work  published  at  Edinburgh  in  1850,  entitled  A 
Dissertation  on  the  Reclamation  of  Waste  Lands,  he  fully 
examines  the  subject,  and  recommends  the  colonization  of 
waste  lands  by  paupers  and  criminals. — Men  of  the  Time. 

Allam,  Andrew,  1655-1685,  born  near  Oxford,  (at 
Garsingdon,)  was  a  pupil  of  William  Wildgoose,  a  teacher 
well  known  at  that  time.  He  took  holy  orders  in  1680. 
He  had  a  predilection  for  antiquarian  pursuits ;  and  be 
sides  assisting  Anthony  Wood  in  his  Athenae  Oxon.,  he 
made  additions  to  Notitia,  (1684,)  and  to  Helorius's  His 
torical  and  Chronological  Theatre,  (pub.  1687.)  He  also 
wrote  the  Epistle  prefixed  to  Dr.  Cosin's  Ecclesias  Angli- 
canse  Politeia,  <fec.,  containing  an  account  of  the  doctor's 
life;  a  translation  of  the  Life  of  Iphicrates,  Oxf.,  1684. 
He  projected  a  Notitia  Ecclesise  Anglicanse,  or  History  of 
Cathedrals,  but  was  prevented  by  death  from  completing 
his  design. — Biog.  Brit. 

Allam  and.  Unannealed  Glass  Vessels,  Phil.  Trans., 
1745. 

Allan.     Power  of  the  C.  Magistrate,  Ac.,  Edin.,  1807. 

Allan,  Charles.     See  ALEYN,  C. 

Allan,  D.  1744-96,  Plates  illus.  of  Scottish  Song. 

Allan,  George,  died  1800,  an  English  antiquary  of 
note,  was  an  attorney  at  Darlington.  He  published  a 
number  of  works,  and,  among  others,  struck  off  the  follow 
ing  at  his  private  printing-press  : — Collections  relating  to 
Sherburn  Hospital,  1773;  others  for  Greatham  and  St. 
Edmund's  Hospital  at  Gateshead;  A  Sketch  of  the  Life 
and  Character  of  Bishop  Trevor,  1776.  Mr.  Hutchinson's 
History  of  Durham  was  much  aided  by  him. 

"  Nor  is  it  any  discredit  to  Mr.  Hutchinson's  industry  to  say, 
that  it  proceeded  under  the  guidance  of  Mr.  Allan's  judgment." 

Mr.  Allan  presented  the  Antiquarian  Society  of  London 
with  26  quarto  vols.  of  MS.  relating  chiefly  to  the  Univer 
sity  of  Oxford. 

"  In  the  way  from  Darlington  to  Blackwell  you  pass  the  Grange 
....  long  eminently  distinguished  as  the  seat  of  benevolence 
and  the  virtues." — Nichols's  Literary  Anecdotes. 

Allan,  George,  1768-1828,  M.P.  for  Durham,  son  of 
the  above,  inherited  his  father's  passion  for  literary  pur 
suits.  He  was  a  contributor  to  that  invaluable  literary 
store-house,  Nichols's  Literary  Anecdotes. 

Allan,  J.  H.  Pictorial  Tour  in  the  Mediterranean, 
Lon.,  4to. 

Allan,  R.  1.  A  Dictionary  of  the  Ancient  Languages 
of  Scotland,  Edin.,  1804.  2.  A  Treatise  on  the  Operation 
of  Lithotomy,  <fcc.,  Edin.,  1808.  3.  A  System  of  Patho 
logical  and  Operative  Surgery,  founded  on  Anatomy,  3 
vols.,  1819-24. 

Allan,  Robert.     Manual  of  Mineralogy,  Lon.,  8vo. 

Allan,  Thomas.     Works  on  Mineralogy,  1808-18. 

A  Hanson.     Sermon  on  John  xiii.  34,  1780. 

Allanson,  J.  A.  Picturesque  Representations  of  the 
Manners  of  the  Russians,  3  vols.  fol.  Lond.,  1813. 

AHardyce,  A.   Ad.  respect.  Bank  of  Eng.,  1798-1801. 

A I  las  oil,  J.,  D.D.     Sermon  on  2  Sam.  xviii.  3,  1713. 

Allason,  T.     Pict.  Views  :  Anti.  of  Pola.,  Lond.,  1819. 

A II but.    Elements  Useful  Knowledge,  &c.,  Lond.,  1809. 

Allchin,  R.  Address  to  Young  Persons  on  the  Truth 
and  Importance  of  Christianity,  1803. 

Alldridge,  W.  T.  The  Goldsmith's  Repository, 
London,  1789. 

"  A  useful  work."— LOWNDES. 

Alle,  T,    Nar.  rel.  to  Edward's  Gangrsena,  Lon.,  1646. 

Allein,  Thomas.     See  ALLEN. 


ALL 


ALL 


Alleine,  or  Allein,  Joseph,  1633-1688,  an  emi 
nent  Nonconformist  minister,  was  b.  at  Devizes,  Wilt 
shire,  and  entered  Lincoln  College,  Oxford,  in  1649.  He 
was  admitted  scholar  of  Corpus  Christi  in  1651,  and  two 
years  afterwards  was  elected  to  the  chaplainship.  So 
diligent  was  he  in  his  studies,  that  he  allowed  himself  but 
three  hours' sleep,  and  often  gave  away  his  "commons"  to 
save  more  time  for  his  books.  He  accepted  the  post  of 
assistant  minister  to  Mr.  Newton  at  Taunton,  in  1655.  He 
suffered  greatly  from  imprisonment,  and  other  annoyances, 
in  consequence  of  his  conscientious  refusal  to  accept  the 
act  of  uniformity  of  1662.  He  was  "  abundant  in  la 
bours,"  holy  in  his  "  walk  and  conversation,"  and  exem 
plary  in  all  the  relations  of  life.  He  published  a  number 
of  religious  works,  1656-1674,  the  best  known  of  which 
is  An  Alarm  to  Unconverted  Sinners,  1672,  of  which 
20,000  copies  were  sold.  It  appeared  three  years  after 
wards,  under  the  title  of  A  Sure  Guide  to  Heaven,  when 
50,000  copies  were  disposed  of.  Since  then  it  has  run 
through  many  editions,  and  been  the  means,  through  the 
Divine  blessing,  of  turning  "many  to  righteousness." 
"  A  very  awakening  and  judicious  work." — BICKERSTETH. 
Alleine  or  Allein,  Richard,  1611-1681,  a  Noncon 
formist  minister,  was  of  St.  Alban's-hall,  Oxford,  and 
became  Rector  of  Bateaube,  Somersetshire.  Like  his  name 
sake,  the  subject  of  the  preceding  article,  he  was  noted  for 
zeal  in  labours  and  piety  in  deportment.  He  published  a 
number  of  religious  works,  of  which  the  Vindicise  Pietatis, 
or  Vindication  of  Godliness  from  the  imputations  of  Folly 
and  Fancy,  Lon.,  1663,  is  still  in  considerable  estimation. 
Allen.  Farrier's  Assistant,  London,  1737. 
Allen.  Specimina  Iconographica,  or  Nature  of  In 
ventions  and  Experiments,  Lon.,  1730.  Twenty-six  ser 
mons  on  important  subjects,  Lon.,  1751. 

Allen,  Anthony,  d.  1754,  collected  a  biographical 
account  of  the  members  of  Eton  College,  and  considerable 
materials  for  an  English  dictionary  of  obsolete  words.  Of 
the  former,  one  copy  was  placed  in  King's,  one  in  Eton 
College  Library,  and  one  by  his  will  was  to  be  given  to 
Mr.  Speaker  Onslow,  his  patron. — Chalmers's  Diet. 

Allen,  B.  Treatises  on  Mineral  Waters,  Ac.,  Lon., 
1689-1711. 

Allen,  B.     A  Poem  ins.  to  his  Brit.  Majesty,  1761. 
Allen,  Charles.     See  ALEYN. 

Allen,  Charles.   Operator  for  the  Teeth,  Dubl.,  1687. 
Allen,  David  O.,  D.D.,  b.  Barre,  Mass.,  grad.  Union 
Coll.,  1823 ;   proceeded  to  India  as  a  missionary  of  the 
American  Board,  1827 ;  returned  to  U.S.,  1853.      India, 
Ancient  and  Modern,  8vo,  pp.  618  ;   2d  ed.,  Bost.,  1858. 
See  a  review  in   Lon.  Athen.,  No.   1497,  July  5,   1856. 
Contrib.  extensively  to  journals  in  India  and  America. 
Allen,  E.  Argument  resp.  Island  of  Jersey,  Lon.,  1812. 
Allen,  K  d  mo  ml.     See  ALEN. 

Allen,  Ethan,  1742-1789,  a  brigadier-general  in  the 
war  of  the  American  Revolution,  b.  in  Roxbury,  Conn. 
He  pub.  a  number  of  controversial  pamphlets,  a  narrative 
of  his  observations  during  his  captivity,  and  Allen's  Theo 
logy,  or  The  Oracle  of  Reason,  1786. 

"This  lust  work  was  intended  to  ridicule  the  doctrine  of  Moses 
and  the  prophets.  It  would  be  unjust  to  bring  against  it  the 
charge  of  having  effected  great  mischief  in  the  world ;  for  few  have 
had  the  patience  to  read  it." — Allen's  Amer.  Biog.  Diet. 

As  might  be  expected  of  one  silly  enough  to  espouse  the 
absurdities  of  infidelity,  Mr.  Allen  held  some  very  foolish 
opinions :  viz.  that  man  after  death  would  transmigrate 
into  beasts,  birds,  fishes,  reptiles,  Ac. ;  and  that  he  himself 
should  live  again  in  the  form  of  a  large  white  horse. 

Allen,  F.,  Archd.  of  Middlesex.  Sermons,  Lon., 
1739-51. 

Allen,  G.     Tables  for  Tolls  and  Freight,  1800. 
Allen,  H.     Letters,  &c.,  1774. 

Allen,  Henry,  1748-1784,  b.  at  Newport,  R.I.,  pub. 
a  volume  of  Hymns,  several  treatises  and  sermons. 
Allen,  Hezekiah.    A  Sacred  Drama,  1798. 
Allen,  I.  N.     Diary  of  a  March  through  Sinde  and 
Aflghanistan,  Ac.,  and  sermons,  Lon.,  1843. 

Allen,  Ira,  1752  ?-1814,  first  Secretary  of  Vermont, 
was  a  brother  of  Ethan  Allen.  Natural  and  Political 
History  of  Vermont,  Lon.,  1798.  Statements  applicable 
to  the  Olive  Branch,  Phila.,  1807. 

Allen,  J.     The  Younger  Brother,  Ac.,  Oxf.,  1624. 
Allen,  Jas.  The  Danger  of  Philosophy,  Ac.,  Lon.,1807. 
Allen,  Jas.,  1632-1710,  minister  in  Boston,  Mass., 
came  to  America  in  1662.     1.  Healthful  Diet,  a  sermon. 
New  England's  Choicest  Blessings,  an  election  sermon, 
1679.     Serious  Advice  to  Delivered  Ones.     Man's  Self-re 
flection,  &c. ;  and  two  practical  discourses. 


Allen,  Jas.,  1691-1747,  first  minister  of  Brookline, 
1.  Thanksg.  Sermon,  1722.  2.  Discourse  on  Pro 
vidence,  1727.  3.  Doctrine  of  Merit  exploded,  Ac.,  1727. 
4.  A  Fast  Sermon,  1727.  5.  Sermon  to  a  Society  of  Young 
Men,  1731.  6.  On  the  Death  of  Saml.  Aspinwall,  1733. 
7.  Election  Sermon,  1744. 

Allen,  Jas.,  1739-1808,  Boston,  Mass.     Poems. 

Allen,  J.  Fisk.  Practical  Treatise  on  the  Culture 
and  Treatment  of  the  Grape- Vine,  1853,  N.Y.,  12mo ;  3d 
ed.,  enlarged. 

Allen,  John,  1476-1534,  Archbishop  of  Dublin  in  the 
reign  of  Henry  VII. ;  author  of  Epistola  de  Pallii  Signi- 
ficatione.  De  Consuetudinibus  ac  Statutis,  Ac.,  and  some 
other  treatises. 

Allen,  John.     Judicial  Astrologers,  Ac.,  Lon.,  1659 

Allen,  John.     Ser.  on  Perjury,  Lev.  xix.  12, 1682. 

Allen,  John,  M.D.  Synopsis  Medicinae ;  or  a  Sum 
mary  View  of  the  whole  Practice  of  Physick,  Lon.,  1719. 
Printed  in  Paris,  1728  j  Amsterdam,  1730. 

Allen,  John.     Sermon  on  Ps.  cxxxiii.  1,  1725.     On 


Tit.  ii.  15,  1740. 

Allen,  John. 
1730. 

Allen,  John. 


Narrative  of  New  Inventions,  Lon., 


Sermons,  1740-56. 

Allen,  John,  Vice  Principal  of  St.  Mary  Magd.  Hall 
Oxford.  Pub.  various  sermons,  1758-73. 

Allen,  John.  Spiritual  Magazine,  or  the  Christian's 
Grand  Treasure,  1752.  A  new  edit,  with  preface  by  Ro 
maine,  Lon.,  1810,  3  vols. 

Allen,  John,  a  learned  dissenting  layman,  the  au 
thor  of  several  religious  works,  and  of  excellent  transla 
tions  of  Calvin's  Institutes,  and  Outram  on  Sacrifice,  Ac. 

Mr.  Allen  is  best  known  by  Modern  Judaism,  or  a  Brief 
Account  of  the  Opinions,  Rites,  and  Ceremonies  of  the 
Jews  in  Modern  Times,  Lon.,  1817. 

"  This  is  the  best  work  on  modern  Judaism  in  our  language. 
The  various  topics  mentioned  in  the  title  are  treated  very  judicious 
ly,  and  passages  of  Scripture  are  occasionally  illustrated." — ORME. 

"  Useful  information." — BICKERSTETH. 

"The  various  traditions,  &c.  received  and  adopted  by  the  mo 
dern  Jews  (that  is,  by  those  who  lived  during  and  subsequently 
to  the  time  of  Jesus  Christ)  are  fully  and  perspicuously  treated 
in  this  well-executed  volume,  which  illustrates  various  passages  in 
the  New  Testament  with  great  felicity."— T.  H.  HORNE. 

Allen,  John,  M.D.,  1770-1843,  b.  Colinton,  near 
Edinburgh.  1.  Illustrations  of  Mr.  Hume's  Essay  con 
cerning  Liberty  and  Necessity,  in  answer  to  Dr.  Gregory, 
of  Edinburgh,  by  a  Necessitarian.  2.  Trans.  Cuvier's 
Study  of  the  Animal  Economy,  Edin.,  1801.  3.  Inquiry 
into  the  Rise  and  Growth  of  the  Royal  Prerogative  in 
England,  1830.  A  valuable  constitutional  work.  A  new 
ed.,  with  the  author's  revisions,  was  published  after  his 
death.  Contrib.  extensively  to  Edin.  Rev.,  chiefly  on 
subjects  connected  with  the  British  Constitution  and  with 
French  and  Spanish  history.  Forty-one  articles  in  that 
periodical  are  attributed  to  him,  the  principal  of  which 
are  Regency  Question,  1811;  Constitution  of  Parlia 
ment,  1816 ;  Review  of  Lingard's  England ;  Church  Rates, 
1839,  Ac.;  Hist,  of  Europe  in  the  Annual  Register  for 
1806;  and  a  Biog.  Sketch  of  Mr.  Fox,  1820.  See  Lord 
Brougham's  Hist  Sketches,  pp.  342-348,  Third  Series. 

Allen,  John,  1596-1671,  first  minister  of  Dedham, 
Mass.,  born  in  England,  driven  thence  by  persecution. 
Mr.  Cotton  speaks  of  him  with  respect  in  his  preface  to 
Norton's  Answer  to  Apollonius.  He  pub.  a  Defence  of  the 
Nine  Positions,  in  which,  with  Mr.  Shepard  of  Cambridge, 
he  discusses  the  points  of  Church  Discipline,  and  a  de 
fence  of  the  Synod  of  1662,  against  Mr.  Chauncy,  under 
the  title  of  Animadversions  upon  the  Antisynodalia,  4to, 
1664.  (In  N.  England  Library.)  His  last  two  sermons 
were  pub.  after  his  death. — HaynaL  iii.  132,  Prentiss's 
fun.  serm.  on  Haven. 

Allen,  Jos.    Evil  Communications,  1  Cor.  xv.  33, 1712. 

Allen,  Joseph,  R.N.  1.  Battles  of  the  British 
Navy;  new  ed.,  revised  and  enlarged,  Lon.,  2  vols.  p. 
8vo,  1852.  2.  Navigation-Laws  of  Great  Britain,  8vo. 

Allen,  Jos.  H.  Discourses  on  Orthodoxy,  Bost.,  12mo. 

Allen,  Joshua.  On  James  ii.  10,  1730.  The  Trinity, 
Ac.,  1751. 

Allen,  Lydia.  Experimental  Christianity,  Ac.,  2d 
ed.,  greatly  enlarged,  Lon.,  1741. 

Allen,  Otis.  Duties  and  Liabilities  of  Sheriffs,  re 
vised  and  enlarged,  Albany,  1845,  8vo.  See  5  Am.  Law 
Mag.,  456. 

Allen,  Paul,  1775-1826,  was  born  at  Providence,  R. 
I.  He  graduated  at  Brown  University  in  1796.  He  was 
a  contributor  to  the  Phila.  Port  Folio,  the  United  States 
Gazette,  and  The  Portico,  (associated  with  Pierpout  and 


ALL 

Neal.)  He  was  also  an  editor  of  the  Federal  Republican 
at  Baltimore,  of  the  Journal  of  the  Times,  and  of  the 
Morning  Chronicle.  He  was  employed  to  prepare  for  the 
press  the  travels  of  Lewis  and  Clarke.  He  had  long  pro 
mised  a  History  of  the  American  Revolution,  and  a  large 
subscription  had  been  secured.  It  at  last  appeared  in  his 
name,  but  was  written  by  John  Neal  and  Mr.  Watkin. 
His  principal  poem  has  been  commended  as  possessing 
"  simplicity  and  feeling."  He  published  Original  Poems, 
Serious  and  Entertaining,  1801. — Allen's  Amer.  Biog.  Diet. 

His  poem  of  Noah  was  pub.  1821,  in  5  cantos  :  it  origin 
ally  consisted  of  25 ;  but,  having  been  placed  in  the  hands 
of  Mr.  Neal  for  revision,  he  judiciously  reduced  it  to  its 
present  dimensions. 

Allen,  R.  1.  Doctrine  of  the  Gospel,  1606.  2.  On 
Proverbs,  1612. 

Allen,  R.  1.  Singing  of  Psalms,  1696.  2.  Sermons, 
1675-1702. 

Allen,  R.  Great  Importance  of  Havannah,  Lon., 
1712-62. 

Allen,  or  Alleine,  Richard.  An  Antidote  against 
Heresy,  Lon.,  1648. 

Allen,  Robt.     Christian  Beneficence,  Lon.,  1660. 

Allen,  Robert.  1.  Forms  of  Wills,  Lon.,  12mo.  2. 
Prac.  Com.  Law  Courts,  1841, 12mo.  3.  Insolvent  Debtors' 
Court,  1839,  12mo. 

Allen,  T.  Expedient  rel.  to  Ch.  of  England,  1  Pet. 
v.  1-4,  1719. 

Allen,  Thomas.  1.  History  and  Antiquities  of  the 
Parish  and  Palace  of  Lambeth,  Lon.,  1824-27,  8vo,  and 
also  4to.  2.  History  and  Antiquities  of  London,  Ac.,  1827 
-29,  5  vols.  8vo.  3.  History  of  the  County  of  York,  1829, 
6  vols.  8vo.  4.  History  of  the  County  of  Lincoln,  2  vols. 
4to.  5.  History  of  the  County  of  Surrey,  8vo.  6.  History 
of  the  Counties  of  Surrey  and  Sussex,  2  vols.  8vo. 

Allen,  Sir  T.  A  work  rel.  to  the  Pirates  of  Algiers,  1670. 

Allen,  or  Alleyn,Thos.,  1542-1632,  celebrated  for  his 
knowledge  of  mathematics  and  astrology,  was  one  of  the 
most  noted  men  of  his  day.  He  wrote,  1.  Claudii  Ptolemei 
Pelusiensis  de  Astrorum  judiciis  aut,  ut  vulgo  vocant, 
quadripartite  constructionis,  Liber  secundus,  cum  Expo- 
sitione.  Th.  Alleyn  Angli  Oxoniensis.  2.  Ejusdem  Lib. 
Tertius.  These  works  in  MS.  fell  into  the  hands  of  Lilly, 
who  gave  them,  in  1652,  to  Elias  Ashmole.  He  likewise 
wrote  notes  on  many  of  Lilly's  books,  and  some  on  John 
Bale's  book,  De  Scriptoribus  Maj.  Britanniae.  He  was 
born  at  Uttoxeter,  in  Staffordshire,  being  descended,  through 
six  generations,  from  Henry  Allen,  or  Alan,  Lord  of  the 
Manor  of  Buckenhall. 

"In  1561,  he  was  admitted  scholar  of  Trinity  College,  Oxford, 
and  in  1563,  Master  of  Arts.  .  .  .  Being  thus  accomplished  with 
various  sorts  of  learning,  he  was  several  times  invited  to  the 
houses  of  princes  and  noblemen,  not  only  of  his  nation,  but  of 
others.  Robert,  Earl  of  Leicester,  had  a  particular  esteem  for  Mr. 
Allen.  It  is  certain  the  earl  placed  such  confidence  in  Mr.  Allen, 
that  nothing  material  in  the  state  was  transacted  without  his 
knowledge.  ...  He  was  also  highly  respected  by  other  famous  men 
of  his  time,  as  Sir  Thomas  Bodley,  Sir  Henry  Saville,  Mr.  Camden, 
Sir  Robt.  Cotton,  Sir  Henry  Spelman,  Mr.  Selden,  &c."—Biog.  Brit. 

Allen,  Thos.,  1572-1636,  a  clergyman,  and  literary 
friend  of  Sir  Henry  Saville,  was  probationer  fellow  of 
Merton  College,  Oxf.  Observationes  in  Libellum  Chrysos- 
tomi  in  Esaiam. 

"He  entered  into  the  sacred  function,  but  instead  of  frequent 

£  reaching,  he  exercised  himself  much  in  crabbed  and  critical  learn- 
:ig.  He  was  one  that  helped  Sir  H.  Saville  in  making  and  fram 
ing  his  Annotations  on  Chrysostome's  Homilies,  on  Matthew  and 
the  other  Evangelists,  as  he  doth  acknowledge  in  his  preface  to  the 
said  Annotations,  wherein  he  styles  this  our  author  Vir  doctrissi- 
mus,  Graecorum  literarum  non  minus  quam  Theologiae  peritissimus, 
&c." — ANTHONY  WOOD. 

Allen,  Thos.  The  Excellency  of  the  Royal  Hands' 
Handy  Work,  Lon.,  1665. 

Allen,  Thos.,  1608-1673,  a  Nonconformist  minister, 
born  and  stationed  at  Norwich.  In  1636,  Bishop  Wren 
silenced  him  for  refusing  to  read  the  disgraceful  Book  of 
Sports.  Chain  of  Scripture  Chronology,  from  the  Creation 
to  the  Death  of  Christ  in  seven  periods,  Lon.,  1639. 
Preface  to  Shepard's  work  on  Liturgies.  The  Glory  of 
Christ,  Ac. 

Allen,  or  Allein,  or  Alleine,  Thos.,  1682P-1755, 
died  while  reading  prayers  in  his  church,  at  Kettering, 
Northamp.  The  Practice  of  a  Holy  Life,  Ac.,  Lon.,  1716. 
The  Christian's  Sure  Guide  to  Eternal  Life :  both  trans 
lated  into  the  Russian  language.  He  wrote  a  number  of 
other  works. 

Allen,  Thos.,  1743-1810,  first  minister  of  Pitts- 
field,  Mass.  1.  Sermon  on  the  death  of  Elizabeth  White  j 
1798.  2.  On  the  death  of  Moses  Allen ;  1801.  3.  On  the 
death  of  Anna  Collins  j  1803.  4.  On  the  death  of  his  son, 
54 


ALL 

Thos.  Allen,  Jr. ;  1806.  5.  Election  Sermon ;  1808.  Some 
of  his  letters  were  published  in  Edin.  Miss.  Mag.  for  Oct., 
Nov.,  and  Dec.,  1799. 

Allen,  Thos.,  M.D.  History  and  Description  of  a  Her 
maphrodite,  in  a  Latin  letter,  Phil.  Trans.  Abr.  i.  223, 1668. 

Allen,  W.,  D.D.     Religious  works,  Lon.,  1673-1703. 

Allen,  Wm.  A  Glass  of  Justification,  Lon.,  1658, 
1660.  A  Relation  of  the  Gratious  Release  of  Mrs.  Huish 
from  the  Tempter,  Lon.,  1658. 

Allen,  Wm.  Under  this  name  was  published  in  1659, 
the  celebrated  tract  entitled,  Killing  no  Murder,  with  some 
additions  fit  for  Public  View,  to  deter  and  prevent  Single 
Persons  and  Councils  from  Usurping  Supreme  Power. 
This  tract  has  been  attributed  both  to  Colonel  Silas  Titus 
and  to  Colonel  Sexby.  It  invited  all  patriots  to  assassina 
tion,  proclaiming  that  the  greatest  benefit  any  Englishman 
could  render  his  country  would  be  to  murder  Cromwell. 
A  copy  was  thrown  into  the  Protector's  coach,  and  it  is 
said  that  he  afterwards  always  carried  loaded  pistols,  and 
never  knew  another  moment's  peace. 

Allen,  Wm.  Ways  and  Means,  Ac.,  Value  of  Land, 
Lon.,  1736. 

Allen,  Wm.    Ascension  Sermon,  Ex.  xx.  16,  1743. 

Allen,  Wm.,  pub.  an  edition  of  the  Twelve  Orations 
by  which  Demosthenes  endeavoured  to  animate  the  Athe 
nians  with  the  spirit  of  liberty. 

"  This  edition  (1757)  is  allowed  to  possess  much  merit."—  Watt's 
Bib.  Brit. 

Allen,  Wm.,  1770-1843,  a  distinguished  member  of 
the  Society  of  Friends,  elected  Fellow  Roy.  Soc.,  1807,  and 
contrib.  many  valuable  papers  to  the  Society's  Phil. 
Trans.,  being  the  results  of  his  more  important  chemical 
investigations.  See  Life  and  Corresp.,  Lon.,  3  vols.  8vo; 
Memoir  by  Jas.  Sherman,  new  ed.,  p.  8vo,  1857 ;  Pharma 
ceutical  Jour,  and  Trans.,  Feb.  1844. 

Allen,  William,  D.D.,  b.  Jan.  2,  1784,  at  Pittsfield, 
Mass.,  son  of  Rev.  Thos.  Allen,  first  minister  of  Pittsfield, 
(q.  v.);  grad.  at  Harvard  Coll.,  1802;  was  Pres.  of  Bow- 
doin  Coll.,  1820-39,  at  which  time  he  resigned.  He  was 
successor  of  Dr.  Channing  as  a  Regent  in  Harvard  Coll. 
While  in  that  office  he  prepared  the  first  edition  of  his 
American  Biographical  and  Historical  Dictionary,  pub. 
1809,  containing  notices  of  about  700  Americans.  This 
was  the  first  book  of  general  biography  issued  in  the  U.S.  ; 
2d  ed.,  1832,  contained  more  than  1800  names;  3d  ed., 
Bost.,  1857,  r.  8vo,  contains  the  names  of  7000  Americans 
more  or  less  distinguished.  In  1807  he  prepared  the  lives 
of  American  ministers  for  the  Rev.  David  Bogue's  History 
of  Dissenters,  Lon.,  1809,  3  vols.  Svo ;  1812,  4  vols.  8vo. 
He  made  a  collection  of  more  than  10,000  words  not  found 
in  the  dictionaries  of  the  English  language,  1500  being 
contributed  to  Worcester's  Dictionary  in  1846,  4000  to 
Webster's  in  1854,  and  6000  for  the  projected  new  ed.  of 
Webster.  Baccalaureate  Addresses,  1823-29.  Junius  Un 
masked,  to  prove  that  Lord  Sackville  was  the  real  Junius, 
Bost.,  1828,  12mo  :  see  JUNIUS.  Accounts  of  Shipwrecks ; 
Psalms  and  Hymns,  with  many  Original  Hymns,  1835. 
Memoir  of  John  Codman,  1853.  Historical  Discourse  on 
the  Fortieth  Anniversary  of  the  Second  Church  in  Dor 
chester,  1848.  Discourse  at  the  Close  of  the  Second 
Century  of  the  Settlement  of  Northampton,  Mass.,  1854. 
Wunnissoo,  or  The  Vale  Hoosatunnuk ;  a  Poem,  with 
learned  Notes,  1856.  He  is  the  author  of  the  biographical 
articles,  in  Dr.  Sprague's  Annals  of  the  American  Pulpit, 
on  John  Wise,  John  Graham,  Eleazer  Wheelock,  and 
Thomas  Allen.  We  are  indebted  to  Dr.  Allen's  Bio 
graphical  Diet,  for  many  facts  relating  to  the  early  Ame 
rican  authors.  See  Appleton's  New  Amer.  Cyc.,  vol.  i. 

Allen,  Wm.  Views  of  the  River  Niger,  Lon.,  ob.  4to. 
Views  in  the  Island  of  Ascension,  imp.  4to.  Dead  Sea:  a 
New  Route  to  India,  2  vols.  cr.  Svo,  1855.  In  conjunction  with 
Mr.  Thompson,  Expedition  to  the  Niger,  1841,  2  vols.  Svo. 

Allen,  Wm.  Minutes  for  Gent.  Yeomanry,  Lon.,  1798. 

Allen,  Wm.   Chem.  Con.  to  Phil.  Trans.,  Ac.,  1807-9. 

Allen,  Wm.     Grammatical  works,  Lon.,  1813-15. 

Allen,  Wm.     See  ALAN,  W. 

Allen,  Z.,  b.  1796,  at  Providence,  R.  I.  Science  of 
Mechanics,  1829,  Svo.  Travels  in  Europe,  2  vols.  Svo. 
Philosophy  of  the  Mechanics  of  Nature,  1852,  Svo. 

Allestree,  Chas.  Sermons,  Judg.  v.  31;  Num.  xxiii. 
10,  1685-95. 

Allestree,  Richard,  D.D.,  1619-1681,  was  Provost 
of  Eton,  and  Regius  Professor  of  Divinity  in  the  University 
of  Oxford.  Privileges  of  the  University  of  Oxford,  Ac., 
1647.  Sermons  pub.  1660,  66,  73,  and  84.  18  Sermons, 
1669 ;  40  Sermons  before  the  King,  Ac.,  1684.  Dr.  Pri- 
deaux  was  of  opinion  that  the  books 


ALL 

"  Assigned  ferroneously,  he  thought,]  to  the  same  author,  as 
The  Whole  Duty  of  Man,  were  written  by  Bp.  Fell  and  Dr.  Alles- 
tree.  ...  As  to  what  Bp.  Fell  says  in  a  folio  edition  at  Oxford,  in 
which  all  these  books  are  comprised  together,  where  he  mentions 
the  author  as  lately  dead,  it  was  generally  understood  to  be  meant 
of  Dr.  Allestree,  who  was  then  lately  deceased.  ...  Of  Dr.  Alles- 
tree's  writing  there  is  a  folio  volume  of  sermons,  which  may  be 
compared  with  these  treatises." — IfichoWs  Literary  Anecdotes. 

"  He  was  a  person  richly  furnished  with  all  variety  of  rich  and 
solid  learning,  requisite  to  recommend  them  with  the  greatest  ad 
vantage  to  the  more  intelligent  world  for  one  of  the  most  eminent 
divines  of  our  age." — Wood's  At  hen.  Oxon. 

Allestree,  Thos.  Funeral  Hdkf.  and  three  sers.,1691. 

Allestry,  Jacob,  1653-1686,  author  of  several  pieces 
in  the  Examen  Poeticum;  one  of  the  many  poetical  vic 
tims  to  dissipation. 

Allet,  Thos.  Sermon  on  the  Funeral  of  H.  Clements, 
with  the  Christian  Support  under  the  Loss  of  Friends, 
2  Sam.  xii.  22,  Lon.,  1720. 

Alley,  Sir  Geo.,  M.D.  1.  An  Essay  on  a  Peculiar 
Eruptive  Disease,  arising  from  the  Exhibition  of  Mercury; 
Illustrated  with  Cases,  taken  at  the  Westmoreland  Lock 
Hospital,  Dublin ;  Dubl.,  1804.  2.  Observations  on  the 
Hydrargyria,  or  that  Vesicular  Disease  arising  from  the 
Exhibition  of  Mercury,  Lon.,  1810. 

Alley,  Jerome,  b.  1760.  Political  and  religious  works, 
Lon.,  1778-1806. 

Alley,  Peter.     The  Tears  of  the  Muses,  Lon.,  1794. 

Alley,  William,  D.D.,  1512?-1570,  consecrated 
Bishop  of  Exeter,  1560,  translated  the  Pentateuch  for 
Archbishop  Parker's  Bible.  He  was  educated  at  Eton; 
thence,  in  1582,  he  went  to  King's  Coll.,  Camb.,  where  he 
took  the  degree  of  B.A.,  and  removed  thence  to  Oxford. 
He  wrote  a  Hebrew  Grammar,  and  was  author  of  the 
Poor  Man's  Library ;  being  Rhapsodies  of  Preelections  on 
1st  Epist.  St.  Peter,  2  vols.  fol.  Lon.,  1571. 

"  He  was  a  person  universally  learned,  especially  in  Divinity 
and  in  the  Tongues,  preached  almost  every  Holyday,  and  read  a 
lecture  every  day  while  he  lived  at  Exeter." — Wood's  Atfien.  Oxon. 

••  He  became  lecturer  in  St.  Paul's ;  I  say  lecturer,  which  name, 
though  since  it  hath  sounded  ill  in  some  jealous  ears,  as  infected 
with  faction,  was  an  ancient  office  founded  in  some  cathedrals,  to 
read  divinity  there ;  and  this  Master  Alley's  learned  lectures  (ac 
cording  to  that  age)  are  extant  in  print.  ...  He  Heth  buried 
under  a  fair  marble  in  his  own  cathedral." — FuUer's  Worthies. 

Alleyn,  J.  Episcopacy  the  Great  Bond  of  Union, 
Ephes.  iv.  11-13,  1701.  Unanimity  in  the  Truth  a  Neces 
sary  Duty,  with  the  Means  of  Acquiring  it,  Rom.  xv.  5, 
6,  1707. 

Alleyne,  J.  Leg.  Decrees  of  Marriage,  &c.,  Lon.,  1774. 

Alleyne,  J.,  M.D.  New  Eng.  Dispensatory,  Lon.,  1733. 

Alleyne,  or  Alleyn.     See  ALLEX. 

Allibond,  John,  D.D.,  died  1658,  son  of  Rev.  Peter 
Allibond,  was  of  Magd.  Coll.,  Oxford,  where  his  father 
had  preceded  him.  Anthony  Wood  gives  him  a  high  cha 
racter  as  a  scholar  and  a  divine  : 

"  This  worthy  Doctor,  who  was  a  Buckinghamshire  Man  born, 
and  lately  the  chief  master  of  the  Free  School  joyning  to  Magd. 
Coll.,  was  a  most  excellent  Latin  poet  and  philologist,  and  hath 
published  Rustica  Academics  Oxoniensis  nuper  Reformatse  de- 
scriptio :  una  cum  comitiis  ibidem,  1648  habitis.  'Tis  a  Latin  poem, 
and  was  twice  printed  in  1648.  He  died  at  Bradwell  in  Glouces 
tershire,  (of  which  place  he  was  rector,)  an.  1658." 

Of  the  above  satire — now  very  rare — on  the  Parliament 
ary  Visitors,  a  MS.  Key  is  referred  to  in  Wood's  Fasti,  by 
Bliss,  ii.,  69. 

"  A  Latin  poem  of  exquisite  humour,  twice  printed  in  1648 ;  re 
printed  in  1705,  fol.;  and  again  with  an  Hudibrastic  translation 
by  Edward  Ward,  in  the  fifth  volume  of  Somers's  Collection  of 
Tracts.  A  very  curious  copy,  with  a  complete  Key  in  MS.,  is  to 
be  found  in  Wood's  study,  No.  423." — LOWNDES. 

Allibond,  Peter,  1560-1629,  father  of  the  preceding. 

"  An  ingenious  man  in  the  opinion  of  all  who  knew  him,  was 
born  at  Wardenten.  near  to  Banbury  in  Oxfordshire,  where  his 
name  and  family  had  for  some  generations  lived,  became  a  student 
of  Magd.  Hall  in  the  beginning  of  1578,  aged  18  years  or  there 
abouts,  took  the  degree  in  Arts,  travelled  for  some  time  beyond 
the  seas,  and,  on  his  return,  became  Rector  of  Cheyneys  in  Bucks, 
where,  continuing  many  years,  did  much  improve  the  ignorant 
with  his  sound  doctrine.  What  he  hath  written  I  know  not,  nor 
translations  which  he  hath  made,  only  these  two  from  French  into 
English:  1.  Comfort  for  an  Afflicted  Conscience,  wherein  is  con 
tained  both  consolation  and  instruction  for  the  sick,  &c.,  Lon., 
1591,  Oct.,  written  by  John  do  L'Espine.  2.  Confutation  of  the 
Popish  Transubstantiation,  together  with  a  Narration  how  that 
the  Mass  was  at  sundry  times  patched  and  pieced  by  sundry  Popes, 
•fee.,  Lon.,  1592.  And  a  translation  from  Latin  into  English,  en 
titled  The  Golden  Chain  of  Salvation,  Lon.,  1604,  qu.,  written  by 
Harman  Renecher." — Wood's  Athen.  Oxon 

Allies,  T.  W.  1.  Church  of  England  Cleared  from  the 
Charge  of  Schism,  Lon.,  8vo.  2.  Journal  in  France  in 
1845,  '48,  8vo.  3.  Name  and  Office  of  St.  Peter,  8vo.  4. 
Royal  Supremacy,  8vo.  5.  See  of  St.  Peter,  8vo.  6.  Ser 
mons  on  Romans,  8vo. 

Allin,  Abby,  of  Pomfret,  Connecticut.    Home  Bal- 


ALL 

lads  :  a  Book  for  New  Englanders,  1850.  A  contributor  to 
several  periodicals  under  the  signature  of  "  Nilla." 

"  The  writings  of  Miss  Allan  are  filled  with  warm  sympathies  for 
the  working-day  world :  she  has  a  cheerful,  hopeful  philosophy. 
.  .  .  The  expression  of  these  feelings  makes  her  ballads  popular." 
—  Woman's  Record. 

Allingham.    Mathematical  works,  &c.,  Lon.,  1710-14. 

Allingham,  J.  Till.     Fortune's  Frolics,  1799. 

"  There  is  both  fun  and  morality  in  this  entertainment." — Biog. 
Eh-am. 

Other  pieces,  pub.  Lon.,  1803-05. 

Allingham,  W«  Poems,  Lon.,  12mo.  Music-Master, 
Ac. ;  new  ed.,  1857,  12mo. 

Allington,  John.     Sermons,  pub.  Lon.,  1655-78. 

Allison,  B.    Con.  to  Amer.  Trans.,  v.  87, 1800  ;  ib.,  87. 

Allison,  F.,  1705-1777,  Presby.  minister  in  Phila. 
Serin,  on  Eph.  iv.  7,  1758. 

Allison,  P.,  of  Pa.,  d.  1802.  Treatises  on  Liberty,  Ac. 

Allison,  R.  The  Ps.  of  Dauidin  Metre,  Ac.,  Lon.,  1599. 

Allison,  T.  Voyage  from  Archangel  in  Russia,  in 
1697,  Ac.,  Lon.,  1699.  See  Pinkerton's  Voyages  and  Tra 
vels,  vol.  i. 

Allix,  Peter,  1641-1717.  This  eminent  divine  and 
profound  scholar  became  so  completely  Anglicised,  and 
reflected  so  much  credit  upon  the  land  of  his  adoption, 
that  we  are  willing  to  make  an  exception  in  his  case,  as  we 
have  done  in  some  few  others,  and  give  him  a  place  in  our 
register.  He  was  born  at  Alencon  in  France,  and  stationed 
in  the  principal  church  of  the  Reformed  at  Charenton  near 
Paris.  The  Revocation  of  the  Edict  of  Nantes,  in  1685, 
drove  him  to  England,  where  he  became  the  pastor  of  a 
French  congregation  in  conformity  with  the  Established 
Church.  He  was  profoundly  versed  in  Hebrew  and  classi 
cal  literature.  His  works  are  very  numerous.  Reflexions 
on  the  Books  of  the  Holy  Scripture,  &c.,  Lon.,  1688. 

"  These  Reflections  are  not  in  the  form  of  a  continued  commen 
tary  on  the  Bible;  but  take  up  what  may  be  called  the  spirit  of  it, 
under  distinct  heads,  chiefly  with  a  view,  as  the  title  expresses  it, 
to  establish  the  divine  origin  of  Christianity.  They  were  pub 
lished  in  French  about  the  same  time  [1687]  that  they  appeared  in 
English.  They  were  also  translated  into  German,  and  published 
at  Nuremberg  in  1702."— ORME:  Bibl.  Bib. 

"  These  Reflexions  have  always  been  held  in  great  repute  for  the 
plainness  and  erudition  with  which  they  are  written." — BISHOP 
WATSON. 

The  Judgment  of  the  Ancient  Jewish  Church  against 
the  Unitarians,  Lon.,  1699. 

"  It  affords  much  curious  and  interesting  information  on  those 
passages  of  the  Old  Testament  which  have  been  supposed  to  con 
tain  the  doctrine  of  the  Trinity.  He  successfully  shows,  that  if 
the  ancient  Jews  were  not  strictly  Trinitarians,  they  were  firm 
believers  of  a  plurality  in  the  Godhead." — ORME. 

"  It  is  not  remarkable  for  accurate  statement  or  judicious  rea 
soning." — DR.  SMITH. 

"A  noble  storehouse  of  arguments  to  confound  the  Jews  by 
proving  that  Jesus  Christ  is  the  Messiah;  and  at  the  same  time  to 
put  all  the  Free-thinkers  to  silence." — DR.  WOTTON. 

The  Book  of  Psalms,  Ac.,  Lon.,  1701. 
"  Of  no  great  value.    It  is  too  brief  to  be  satisfactory,  either  to 
the  critic  or  the  lover  of  practical  exposition." — ORME. 

Diatriba  de  anno  et  Mense  Natali  Jesu  Christi,  etc.,  Lon., 
1710. 

"  In  this  Latin  tract,  Allix  endeavours  to  show  that  the  Messiah 
was  born  not  in  winter,  but  in  the  spring." — ORME. 

Allman,  Wm.  Math.  Con.  to  Phil,  and  Irish  Soc. 
Trans.,  1814/Ac. 

Allnut,  A.  C.    Poverty,  and  other  Poems,  Lon.,  1801. 

Alliiut,  G.  S.     Practice  of  Wills,  12mo. 

Allnut,  Z.     Treatises  on  Navigation,  Lon.,  1806-10. 

Allot,  Robert,  is  believed  to  have  been  the  compiler 
of  a  very  curious  and  valuable  volume  of  early  poetry, 
which  had  a  large  share  in  the  remarkable  development  of 
BIBLIOMANIA  which  characterized  the  first  quarter  of  the 
present  century.  England's  Parnassus;  or  the  choycest 
Flowers  of  our  Modern  Poets,  with  their  Poeticall  compa 
risons.  Descriptions  of  Bewties,  Personages,  Castles,  Pal- 
laces,  Mountaines,  Groues,  Seas,  Springs,  Rivers,  Ac. 
Whereunto  are  annexed  other  various  discourses,  both 
pleasant  and  profitable.  Imprinted  at  London,  for  N.  L., 
C.  B.,  and  T.  H.,  1600. 

Of  Allot's  history  nothing  is  now  known.  We  find  a 
surmise  in  Brydges'  Restituta,  (vol.  iii,  234,)  that  he  was  the 
Robert  Allot  who  was  Fellow  of  St.  John's  College  in  1599. 
With  regard  to  the  Parnassus,  as  it  "  has  preserved  portions 
of  many  scarce  poets,  whose  very  names,  without  such  care, 
might  have  probably  sunk  into  oblivion,  it  must  ever  rank 
as  a  book  both  valuable  and  curious."  Wood  seems  to  have 
attributed  this  collection  to  Charles  Fitz-Geffrey  : 

"  He  hath  also  made,  as  'tis  said,  A  Collection  of  choice  Flowers 
and  Descriptions,  as  well  out  of  his,  as  the  works  of  several  others, 
the  most  renowned  Poets  of  our  Nation:  collected  about  the  be- 


55 


ALL 


ALS 


23.  Gervase  Markham. 

24.  Christopher  Marlowe. 

25.  John  Marston. 

26.  Christopher  Middleton. 

27.  Thomas  Nash. 

28.  Oxford,  Earl  of. 

29.  George  Peele. 

30.  Matthew  Roydon. 

31.  Sackville,  Lord  Buckhurst. 

32.  William  Shakspeare. 

33.  Edmund  Spenser. 

34.  Thomas  Storer. 

35.  Surrey.  Earl  of. 

36.  Sir  Philip  Sidney. 

37.  Joshua  Sylvester. 

38.  George  Tuberville. 

39.  William  Warner. 

40.  Thomas  Watson. 

41.  John  Weever. 

42.  William  Weever. 

43.  Sir  Thomas  Wyatt. 


ginning  of  the  reign  of  K.  James  I ;  but  this,  tho'  I  have  been  many 
years  seeking  after,  yet  I  cannot  get  a  sight  of  it."— Athen.  Oxm. 
"  It  is  valuable  not  only  on  account  of  its  variety,  but  also  on 
account  of  its  intrinsic  worth  as  a  Compilation  pretty  ingeniously 
executed."—  Watt's  Bib.  Brit. 

A  copy  is  priced  in  the  Bib.  Anglo-Poetica  £20,  and  one 
was  sold  in  the  Roxburghe  sale,  (3171,)  for  £21.  Having 
been  reprinted  by  Mr.  Park  in  the  Heliconia,  "  the  reprints 
have  pulled  down  the  prices  more  than  one  peg." — Dibdin. 

"  Had  the  editor  of  this  curious  volume,  besides  citing  the  names 
of  his  authors,  added  the  titles  of  the  works  from  which  he  culled 
bis  specimens,  an  infinity  of  trouble  would  have  been  saved  to 
subsequent  research ;  yet  the  deficiency  has  served,  in  a  peculiar 
manner,  to  mark  the  successful  progress  of  modern  bibliography. 
When  Oldys  wrote  his  preface  to  Hayward's  British  Muse,  which 
was  fif-st  published  in  1738,  he  complains  grievously  of  this  omis 
sion,  observing  that  most  of  Allot's  poets  '  were  now  so  obsolete 
that  not  knowing  what  they  wrote,  we  can  have  no  recourse  to 
their  works,  if  still  extant.'  Since  this  sentence  was  written,  such 
has  been  the  industry  of  our  literary  antiquaries,  that  almost  every 
poem  which  Allot  laid  under  contribution  in  forming  his  volume, 
has  been  ascertained,  and  rendered  accessible  to  the  curious  in 
quirer;  and  so  far  from  the  writers  being  obsolete,  after  nearly 
eighty  years  have  been  added  to  their  antiquity,  we  may  venture 
to  affirm  that,  excepting  about  half  a  dozen,  they  are  as  familiar 
to  us  as  the  poets  of  the  present  reign." — Drake's  Shakspeare  and 
His  Times. 

The  contributors  to  England's  Parnassus  were  the  fol 
lowing  : 

1.  Thomas  Achelly. 

2.  Thomas  Bastard. 

3.  George  Chapman. 

4.  Thomas  Churchyard. 

5.  Henry  Constable. 

6.  Samuel  Daniel. 

7.  John  Davies. 

8.  Thomas  Dekkar. 

9.  Michael  Drayton. 

10.  Edmund  Fairfax. 

11.  Charles  Fitz-Geffrey. 

12.  Abraham  Fraunce. 

13.  George  Gascoigne. 

14.  Edward  Gilpin. 

15.  Robert  Greene. 

16.  Sir  John  Harrington. 

17.  John  Higgins. 

18.  Thomas  Hudson. 

19.  James,  King  of  Scots. 

20.  Benjamin  Jonson. 

21.  Thomas  Kyd. 

22.  Thomas  Lodge. 

"Robert  Allot  is  a  joint  sonneteer  with  E.  Gilpin  before  Mark- 
ham's  '  Devereux,'  1597.  They  were  probably  friends,  and  though 
Gilpin's  name  occurs  in  no  other  book,  he  is  not  unfrequently 
quoted  in  England's  Parnassus.  This  affords  some  slight  confir 
mation  that  Allot  was  the  compiler  of  it." — Chttier's  I*bet.  Decameron. 

Oldys  has  taken  to  task  the  judgment  of  the  editor  in 
his  selection  of  authors  and  extracts ;  but  Warton,  a  far 
higher  authority,  declares  that, 

"  The  method  is  judicious,  the  extracts  copious,  and  made  with 
a  degree  of  taste." 

Allott,  R.  Sermon  before  H.  of  Commons.  Fast-Day. 
1806. 

Allston,\Vashington,  1779-1843.  This  distinguished 
artist  was  the  author  of  a  number  of  poetical  and  prose 
compositions.  He  was  born  in  Georgetown,  South  Caro 
lina,  and  entered  Harvard  College  in  1796.  In  1813  he 
published  in  London,  a  volume  entitled,  The  Sylphs  of  the 
Seasons  and  other  Poems,  which  seems  to  have  passed  un 
noticed  in  the  multitude  of  works  issuing  from  the  London 
press.  The  principal  portion  of  the  contents  of  this  vol 
ume  had  been  perused  and  much  admired  in  MS.  by  Mr. 
Allston's  friends  in  Boston.  The  volume  is  made  up  of 
quite  a  number  of  poems,  the  largest  containing  between 
six  and  seven  hundred  lines. 

"  Mr.  Allston's  versification  is  peculiarly  easy,  and  seems  thrown 
put  with  as  little  effort  as  it  is  read.  With  all  his  ease,  however,  he 
is  always  musical,  and  we  have  only  to  object  to  a  loose  line  here  and 
there.  ...  Our  author's  language  is  all  good,  but  is  not  strictly 
the  poetical  language;  and  we  should  think  that  he  had  not  been 
a  wide  and  constant  reader  of  the  old  English  poets.  ...  We 
would  advise  our  readers  to  make  themselves  acquainted  with  it 
They  certainly  will  find  it  worthy  their  pride,  in  the  general  poverty 
of  literature  in  our  country."— North  American  Review,  vol.  v.  365. 

The  Romance  of  Monaldi,  which  had  been  written  twenty 
years  before,  and  intended  as  a  contribution  to  Mr.  Dana's 
Idle  Man,  was  published  in  1841,  anonymously.  Monaldi 
is  a  graduate  of  the  Othello  school,  infuriated  by  iealousy, 
and  determined  himself  to  become  a  murderer,  because  he 
imagines  his  wife  to  be  unfaithful.  The  Rev.  Dr.  Griswold 
remarks  with  reference  to  Mr.  Allston's  style : 

"  All  the  specimens  that  I  have  seen  of  his  prose  indicate  a  re 
markable  command  of  language,  great  descriptive  powers,  and  rare 
philosophical  as  well  as  imaginative  talent." 

The  North  American  Review  speaks  in  high  terms  of 
the  literary  character  of  Monaldi : 
56 


"We  have  often  pored  over  Allston's  pages  to  admire  the  grace 
and  delicacy  of  his  English  poetical  style.  This  book  is  equally 
remarkable  for  its  rich  and  harmonious  prose.  The  nice  selection 
of  epithets,  the  faultless  arrangement  of  the  members  of  the  sen 
tences,  and  the  rhythmical  cadence  to  which  thought  and  expres 
sion  seem  to  move  united,  combine  to  make  it  one  of  the  most 
finished  works  in  American  literature." — Vol.  liv.  397. 

Mr.  Allston  was  distinguished  for  his  conversational 
powers  and  amiability  of  deportment,  as  well  as  for  artistic 
genius  and  literary  taste.  "  His  tongue  wrought  on  his 
associates  and  acquaintances  like  an  enchanter's  spell, 
preventing  their  taking  any  note  of  time ;  and  the  small 
hours  would  be  close  upon  them  before  they  had  thought 
of  retiring."  See  Lectures  on  Art,  and  Poems,  by  Wash 
ington  Allston,  edited  by  R.  H.  Dana,  Jr.,  New  York, 
1850,  12mo. 

Allwood,  P.  Literary  Antiquities  of  Greece,  «fcc. 
Lon.,  1794.  12  Lectures  on  the  Prophecies,  Ac.,  Lon.,  1815. 

Allyn.     See  ALAN  and  ALLEN. 

Almon,  Mr.,  and  T.  Dawkes,  Phil.  Trans.,  Abr.  ix., 
95,  1745. 

Almon,  and  Debrett.  Parliamentary  Register,  1743-74, 
Lon.,  11  vols.  2d  Ed.,  with  additions,  Lon.,  1792,  7  vols. 

Almon,  John,  1738-1805,  combined  the  three  pro 
fessions  in  London,  of  Bookseller,  Author,  and  Editor. 
He  pub.  a  number  of  political  tracts  of  a  violent  character, 
some  of  which  he  is  supposed  to  have  written.  Anecdotes 
of  Lord  Chatham,  1792,  often  reprinted.  Biographical, 
Literary,  and  Political  Anecdotes,  1797. 

"  This  work,  though  partial,  is  interesting,  as  containing  many 
curious  particulars  of  the  political  characters  and  contests  of  the 
day." — LOWNDES. 

Almond.     Mistery  of  Godliness,  Lon.,  1671. 

Almond,  R.     English  Horseman,  <fec.,  Lon.,  1673. 

Alsop,  Ann.    Letters  to  Rev.  T.  Edmonds,  Lon.,  1801. 

Alsop,  Anthony,  d.  1726,  was  elected  from  West 
minster  to  Christ  Church,  where  he  became  censor,  M.A., 
1696,  B.  D.,  1706.  Fabularum  JEsopicarum  Delectus, 
Oxon.,  1698.  Antonii  Alsopi  ^Edis  Christi  Olim  Alumni 
Odarum  libro  duo,  1751.  He  made  use  of  the  Sapphic 
numbers  in  his  familiar  correspondence,  in  which 
"  he  showed  a  facility  so  uncommon  and  a  style  so  natural  and 
easy  that  he  has  not  been  unjustly  esteemed  inferior  only  to  hia 
master  Horace." — Nichols's  Literary  Anecdotes. 

Concerning  the  notable  controversy  on  the  Epistles  of 
Phalaris  we  shall  have  more  to  say  hereafter.  See  BENT- 
LEY,  DR.  ;  BOYLE,  CHARLES,  EARL  OF  ORRERY,  <fcc. 

Alsop,  Benj.     Theolog.  Works,  Lon.,  1675-90. 

Alsop,  Geo.  The  Character  of  the  Province  of  Mary 
land,  Lon.,  1666.  A  rare  work.  Sernis.,  Ac.,  1669-70. 

Alsop,  John,  1776-1841,  brother  of  Richard  Alsop, 
and  a  poet  of  some  taste.  See  specimens  in  Everest's  Poets 
of  Connecticut. 

Alsop,  N.     Sermons,  pub.  Lon.,  1682-90. 

Alsop,  Richard,  1761-1815,  a  native  of  Middleton, 
Connecticut,  was  a  poet  of  some  note.  He  was  the  prin 
cipal  of  the  "  Hartford  wits,"  including  Theodore  Dwight, 
Hopkins,  Trumbull,  <fcc.,  who  wrote  the  satire  entitled  The 
Echo,  pub.  in  a  vol.  in  1807.  He  translated  several  pieces 
from  the  French  and  Italian,  and  wrote  a  Monody  on  the 
Death  of  Washington,  which  was  received  with  great 
favour,  and  was  published  at  Hartford,  Conn.,  in  1800. 
See  Duyckincks'  Cyc.  Amer.  Lit. ;  also  Everest's  Poets  of 
Connecticut.  Edited  Captivity  and  Adventures  of  J.  R. 
Jewett  among  the  Savages  of  Nootka  Sound,  1815. 

Alsop,  Vincent,  d.  1703,  an  English  Nonconformist 
minister,  pub.  some  Theolog.  Works,  Lon.,  1679-98,  the 
principal  of  which  was  a  witty  reply  to  Sherlock,  entitled 
Anti  Sozzo,  a  Vindication  of  some  Great  Truths  opposed 
by  W.  Sherlock,  Ac.,  1675. 

"  Sherlock's  Discourse  concerning  the  knowledge  of  Jesus  Christ, 
tending  to  Socinian  views,  and  marking  the  low  divinity  of  the 
times,  produced  two  valuable  replies — the  one  above  by  Alsop,  and 
the  other  by  Edward  Polhill,  both  in  1675.  South  also  published 
animadversions." — BICKERSTETH. 

"He  had  a  flowing  fancy,  and  his  wit  was  excellent." 
"  A  second  Alsop  for  polemic  skill." — DUNTON. 

Alston,  (has.,  1682-1760,  an  eminent  botanist  and 
physician,  "  is  to  be  looked  upon  as  one  of  the  founders 
of  the  celebrity  of  the  Edinburgh  School  of  Medicine, 
acting  in  concert  with  Monro,  Rutherford,  Sinclair,  and 
Plummer."  He  wrote  a  number  of  works  on  Medicine 
and  Botany,  pub.  Edin.  1740-54.  Dr.  John  Hope  gives 
him  a  character  worthy  of  the  imitation  of  every  physician 
and  instructor  of  the  young. 

"  As  a  man,  he  was  candid,  upright,  and  sincere;  learned  in  his 
profession,  and  humane;  as  a  professor,  communicative,  and  know 
ing  no  greater  pleasure  than  to  form  the  minds  of  his  pupils  in 
such  a  manner  as  to  render  them  able  in  their  profession,  and 
useful  members  of  society." 


ALS 

Alston,  J.  W.     Treatise  on  Painting,  Lon.,  1804. 

Altham,  Arthur,  or  perhaps  Michael.  Vindication 
of  the  Ch.  of  England,  against  the  Ch.  of  Rome,  &c., 
1686  ;  and  other  controversial  works. 

Althan,  Roger,  D.D.   Sermons,  pub.  Lon.,  1712-32. 

Alton.     Sermon  on  Mark  iv.  9,  Lon.,  1767. 

Alton,  John  D'.     Dermid,  <fcc.,  a  Poem,  Lon.,  1815. 

Alurcdis,  Alredis.     See  ALFRED  OP  BEVERLY. 

Alves,  Robt.,  d.  1794,  a  Scottish  Poet  and  miscella 
neous  writer.  His  principal  work  is  the  Sketches  of  the 
History  of  Literature,  <fec.,  Edin.,  1794. 

Alvey,  Thos.     A  Medical  Work,  Lon.,  1680. 

Alynton,  Robt.  Libellus  Sophistarum,  Lon.,  per  W. 
de  Worde,  1525,  4to. 

Dibdin  notices  five  editions  of  this  work ;  three  by  W. 
de  Worde,  and  two  by  Pynson. — Typ.  Antiquities. 

Aiimntl,  Geo.  St.  A  work  upon  Parliament,Lon.l725. 

Ambler,  Chas.  Reports  of  Chancery  Cases,  &c., 
Lon.,  1790. 

"  This  vol.  consists  of  cases  in  Lord  Hardwicke's  time,  with  a 
few  later  determinations  in  the  Court  of  Chancery,  and  fills  up 
the  time  between  Lord  Hardwickeand  Lord  Thurlow."— LOWNDES. 

Ambrose,  Isaac,  d.  1664.  In  1641  he  joined  the 
Presbyterians,  having  been  one  of  the  King's  preachers. 
He  pub.  a  number  of  practical  religious  works,  Lon.,  1649- 
62.  He  has  many  devout  and  admirable  thoughts ;  bor 
rows  from  Bishop  Hall. 

"  The  Ministration  and  Communion  with  Angels  is  a  devotional 
and  edifying  work,  but  sometimes  fanciful."— BICKERSTETH. 

Looking  unto  Jesus,  1658. 

"  Very  experimental  and  practical,  and  deserving  a  devout  pe- 

rUAmbross,  Miss.   Life  of  Miss  Catley,  Ac.,  Lon.,  1790. 

Amerie,  Robt.  Chester's  Triumph  in  Honour  of 
her  Prince,  as  it  was  performed  upon  St.  George's  Day, 
1610,  in  the  foresaid  citie,  Lon.,  1610,  4to.  Sold  in  Dent's 
sale  for  £7.10.  Rhodes,  £8.12. 

Ames.     The  Double  Descent,  a  Poem,  Lon.,  1692. 

Ames,  Edwd.,  Bp.  of  Cork  and  Ross.  Pub.  sermons 
on  2  Sam.  xv.  11,  and  on  Heb.  xii.  14,  Lon.,  1682. 

Ames,  Fisher,  1758-1808,  born  in  Dedham,  Massa 
chusetts,  was  a  leading  statesman  during  the  administra 
tion  of  General  Washington.  Rev.  Dr.  Kirkland  published 
some  of  his  essays,  speeches,  Ac.  in  1809.  He  was  elected 
President  of  Harvard  College  in  1804,  but  his  ill  health 
obliged  him  to  decline  the  post.  His  speech  in  relation  to 
the  British  Treaty,  delivered  in  1796,  has  been  much  com 
mended.  He  drew  his  eloquence  from  the  best  source. 
"  I  will  hazard  the  assertion,"  he  remarks, 

"  That  no  man  ever  did  or  ever  will  become  truly  eloquent,  with 
out  being  a  constant  reader  of  the  Bible,  and  an  admirer  of  the 
purity  and  sublimity  of  its  language." 

The  Works  of  Fisher  Ames ;  with  a  Selection  from  his 
Speeches  and  Correspondence,  edited  by  his  Son,  Seth 
Ames,  2  vols.  8vo.  with  portrait,  1854. 

"  We  congratulate  the  public  on  possessing  the  works  of  one  of  so 
elevated  a  genius  and  so  pure  a  fame,  in  a  form  which  must  satisfy 
the  most  fastidious  taste."— Christian  Examiner. 

"  These  volumes,  as  was  the  man,  are  an  honour  to  our  country ; 
and  they  will  be  extensively  read  by  old  men  and  young  men, 
especially  those  in  political  life  and  of  the  legal  profession.  The 
numerous  letters  in  the  first  volume  are  rich  in  information  relat 
ing  to  the  origin  and  early  history  of  our  government." — Norton's 
Gazette. 

"  It  is  a  very  substantial  addition  to  the  political  literature  of 
the  country."— W.  C.  BRYANT. 

Ames,  Joseph,  1689-1759,  an  ironmonger  in  London, 
gained  deserved  celebrity  and  commendation  by  his  excel 
lent  Typographical  Antiquities ;  being  an  Historical  Ac 
count  of  Printing  in  England,  with  some  Memoirs  of 
our  ancient  Printers,  and  a  Register  of  the  Books  printed 
by  them  from  the  year  1471  to  1600 ;  with  an  Appendix 
concerning  Printing  in  Scotland  and  Ireland,  to  the  same 
time,  Lon.,  1749.  The  Rev.  Mr.  Lewis,  who  had  been 
collecting  materials  for  a  History  of  Printing  in  England, 
urged  Mr.  Ames  to  undertake  the  task.  The  latter  was 
unwilling  to  accede  to  this  proposition,  doubting  his  com 
petency,  and  being  aware  that  Mr.  Palmer  was  occupied 
with  the  same  design.  Mr.  Palmer's  work,  The  General 
History  of  Printing,  <fec.,  appeared  in  1732,  and  so  much 
disappointed  the  expectations  of  those  conversant  with  the 
subject,  that  Mr.  Ames  determined  to  take  the  matter  in 
hand.  It  should  be  stated  that  Mr.  Palmer  did  not  live  to 
complete  his  book.  The  portion  relating  to  the  English 
printers  was  written  by  George  Psalmanaazar  of"  Formosa" 
celebrity:  the  Scotch  and  Irish  printers  were  not  noticed 
at  all.  Mr.  Ames  had  most  valuable  aid  in  his  undertak 
ing.  The  good  rector  of  Margate,  who  had  originally 
urged  him  to  the  task,  laid  his  "auld  warld"  collections  at 
hia  feet.  The  enthusiastic  John  Anstis,  Garter  King-at- 


AME 

arms,  that  "  boast  of  heraldry,"  who  had  devoted  his  days 
and  nights  to  poring  over  the  dusty  scrolls  of  antiquity, 

"  Their  ample  page, 

Rich  with  the  spoils  of  time,  did  now  unroll" 
to  the  edification  and  vast  delight  of  our  learned  man  of 
iron.  That  prince  of  literary  baronets,  Sir  Hans  Sloane, 
permitted  him  to  labour  in  his  library  and  rest  in  his 
garden ;  where,  after  dining  on  50,000  books  and  3500 
manuscripts,  he  could  gather  his  dessert  from  luscious  fruit- 
trees,  weighed  down  with  their  golden  burden. 

Lord  Orford's  library  was  at  his  command,  and  the  eru 
dition  of  many  friends,  ready  to  supply  knowledge,  to  cor 
rect  error,  and  to  suggest  improvement.  Mr.  Ames  him 
self  had  been  amassing  literary  treasures  for  a  quarter  of 
a  century.  We  can  imagine  with  what  gratification,  after 
the  traffic  of  the  day,  he  closed  his  doors  at  twilight's  first 
haze,  and  left  his  iron  for  his  books.  Surely  Dr.  Johnson 
was  right  when  he  said  that  the  happiest  life  in  the  world 
is  that  of  a  man  of  business  with  a  taste  for  literature ! 
Always  in  his  library,  he  might  tire  even  of  his  books;  but 
obliged  to  be  much  apart,  like  a  true  lover,  he  leaves  them 
with  regret,  and  hastens  to  them  with  delight.  In  1749 
the  Magnum  Opus  made  its  appearance.  For  the  times,  it 
was  a  good  book ;  and  its  reception  was  truly  gratifying 
to  the  author.  It  told  pretty  much  what  was  then  known ; 
but,  better  still,  it  set  literary  miners  to  work,  and  by  their 
researches  much  more  was  made  known. 

Ames  modestly  declares, 

"  I  do  also  ingenuously  confess,  that  in  attempting  this  History 
of  Printing  I  have  undertaken  a  task  much  too  great  for  my  abili 
ties,  the  extent  of  which  I  did  not  so  well  perceive  at  first.  ...  I 
have  at  least  cleared  away  the  rubbish,  and  furnished  materials 
towards  a  more  perfect  structure." 

Doubtless  much  of  its  merit  was  owing  to  our  friendly 
Garter,  who  tells  Ames  : 

"  Use  no  ceremony  in  commanding  any  thing  in  my  power, 
(1737.)  .  .  .  You  may  without  any  apology  command  me,  for  I 
have  thought  it  my  duty  to  assist,  as  far  as  it  is  in  my  power,  all 
who  oblige  the  public."— ANSTIS. 

Ames  would  put  down  his  questions  on  a  folio  sheet,  and 
Anstis  wrote  out  answers  for  him. 

Mr.  William  Herbert,  another  literary  man  of  business, 
was  so  fortunate  as  to  obtain  from  Sir  Peter  Thompson, 
Ames's  own  copy  of  his  work,  interleaved  with  a  great 
number  of  his  MS.  additions  and  notes.  Herbert  zealously 
devoted  himself  to  preparing  a  new  edition  of  the  Typo 
graphical  Antiquities.  He  published  volume  1st  in  1785, 
volume  2d  in  1786,  and  volume  3d  and  last  in  1790.  This 
was  a  considerable  advance  upon  the  original  work,  but 
much  was  yet  required  to  make  a  complete  History  of 
British  Typography.  The  great  objections  to  Herbert's 
volumes  are  their  dry  technicality  and  catalogue  stiff 
ness.  His  accuracy  and  laborious  perseverance  cannot 
be  too  much  commended ;  but  we  want  more  in  a  book  than 
precision  and  faithfulness.  We  want  a  volume  which  can 
be  read — not  merely  consulted. 

Now  of  all  Englishmen  who  have  ever  lived,  there  never 
was  a  man  better  suited  to  make  a  dry  study  attractive, 
and  a  learned  subject  plain,  than  Dr.  Dibdin  of  Roxburghe 
memory.  This  magician  could  with  his  pen  dress  up  a 
begrimed,  uncouth-looking  volume  in  more  attractive 
style  than  could  Grolier's  binder  with  his  most  cunning 
tools.  He  could  convert  "Belindas"  and  "Almasas"  into 
BIBLIOMANIACS,  and  make  a  dry  catalogue  of  old  English 
poetry  more  attractive  than  the  last  novel.  It  was  but 
necessary  for  him  to  apply  the  epithets  "  excessively  rare," 
or  "  exceedingly  curious,"  and  the  neglected  Caxton  in  your 
garret  would  buy  you  a  year's  clothing  for  your  household, 
and  the  old  family  Bible  would  defray  your  Christmas 
festivities.  We  shall  have  more  to  say  of  him  in  his  place. 
Now,  Dr.  Dibdin,  so  exactly  fitted  to  give  us  a  well-digested, 
accurately  arranged,  and  withal  readable  and  attractive, 
History  of  British  Typography,  undertook  the  task.  Our 
zealous  editor  gave  no  less  than  £42  for  the  interleaved 
Ames  we  have  referred  to,  and  set  manfully  to  work  to  let 
the  world  see  what  could  be  done  in  this  department.  In 
1810  the  first  volume  appeared,  supported  by  a  most  re 
spectable  subscription,  headed  by  Geo.  III.,  the  Dukes  of 
York  and  Kent,  and  eighteen  public  libraries.  The  2d 
volume  was  published  in  1812,  the  3d  in  1816,  and  the 
4th  in  1820. 

Ames,  Samuel.     See  AKGELL,  JOSEPH  K. 

Ames,  (Amesius,)  Wm.,  1576-1633, alearned  Puri 
tan  divine,  was  educated  at  Cambridge,  under  Dr.  Perkins. 
His  strictness  gave  offence  to  some  in  authority  at  his  col 
lege,  and  he  took  the  post  of  chaplain  in  the  English 
church  at  the  Hague.  Afterwards  he  accepted  the  divinity 
chair  at  Franeker  in  Friesland,  which  he  filled  for  twelve 

67 


AME 

years.  His  works,  principally  casuistical  and  controver 
sial,  attracted  great  attention.  He  wrote  chiefly  in  Latin. 
Explicatio  Utriusque  Epistolse  St.  Petri,  Amsterd.,  1625, 
1635.  The  same  in  English,  Lon.,  1641. 

"  It  is  not  a  critical  work,  but  it  gives  a  very  accurate  analysis 
of  the  two  Epistles,  and  deduces  doctrinal  observations  from  them. 
The  theological  writers  of  that  age,  and  especially  the  Puritans, 
were  generally  more  remarkable  for  the  accuracy  of  their  logical 
reasoning,  than  for  their  critical  or  philological  speculations."— 
ORME:  Bibl.  Bib. 

"  The  productions  of  Ames  are  not  void  of  merit,  considering 
the  times  in  which  they  were  written."— MOSHEIM. 

"  This  work  deduces  doctrines  and  practice  with  much  clearness. 
Ames's  are  valuable  writings,  both  on  practical  and  controversial 

Subjects."— BlCKERSTETH. 

He  wrote  against  Dr.  Burgess,  Fresh  Suit  against  Cere 
monies,  &c.,  Lon.,  1633. 

"  Remote  from  danger,  he  hath  spoken  freely  against  the  ceremo 
nies  of  the  English  church." 

Lectiones   in   Omnes   Psalmos   Davidis,  Amst.,   1635  ; 

Lon.,  1647. 

"  Many  excellent  thoughts  in  this  exposition." — BICKERSTETH. 

"Ames  was  a  judicious  and  solid  divine." — ED.  LEIQH. 

Amesbury,  Joseph.  1.  Deformities  of  the  Spine 
Chest,  and  Limbs,  Lon.,  1840,  4to.  2.  Fractures  of  the 
Trunk  and  Extremities,  2  vols.  8vo. 

Amhurst,  Nicholas,  1706-1742,  was  connected  with 
Pulteney  and  Bolingbroke  in  the  management  of  The 
Craftsman.  He  was  expelled  for  libertinism  from  St. 
John's  College,  Oxf.,  and  in  revenge  satirized  his  Alma 
Mater  in  his  Oculus  Britanniae,  Lon.,  1724 ;  and  the  Terras 
Filius,  or  the  Secret  History  of  the  Universities  of  Oxford; 
1726.  He  pub.  some  other  works. 

Amner,  John.     Sacred  Hymns,  Ac.,  Lon.,  1615. 

Amner,  Richard,  1736-1803,  a  dissenting  minister, 
remarkable  as  being  made  a  literary  butt  by  Geo.  Stevens, 
and  as  making  a  theological  butt  of  himself,  by  his  Essay 
on  the  Prophecies  of  Daniel,  had  charge  of  a  congregation 
at  Cosely,  in  Staffordshire.  Whilst  stationed  at  Hempstead, 
Stevens  wrote  some  immoral  notes  on  Shakspeare,  and 
subscribed  them  with  Amner' s  name :  this  was  a  trick  ex 
actly  suited  to  George's  spirit  of  malignant  fun.  But  as 
Amner  survived  this  unkind  attack,  in  an  unhappy  mo 
ment  he  committed  suicide  by  publishing  some  theological 
crudities  which  have  perhaps  received  more  notice  than 
they  deserve.  T.  H.  Home  thus  belabours  poor  Amner : 
An  Essay  towards  the  Interpretation  of  the  Prophecies  of 
Daniel,  Ac.,  Lon.,  1776  : 

"  The  author  adopts  the  exploded  and  untenable  hypothesis  of 
Grotius,  (who  has  been  followed  by  Le  Clerc  and  others,)  that  all 
the  prophecies  of  Daniel  terminated  in  the  persecution  of  the  Jews 
by  Antiochus  JEpiphanes.  This  work  (which  is  noticed  only  to 

Jut  the  unwary  reader  on  his  guard  against  it)  was  reprinted  in 
798,  with  some  other  tracts,  tending  to  show  that  certain  passages 
of  Scripture,  which  clearly  announce  a  future  resurrection,  relate 
to  nothing  more  than  a  mere  temporal  deliverance.    An  exposure 
of  some  of  this  author's  erroneous  notions  may  be  seen  in  the 
British  Critic,  0.  S.,  vol.  xiii.  p.  290-295." 
"  It  is  sometimes  ingenious,  but  not  successful."-ORME :  Bibl.Bib. 

Amory,  Thos.,  1701-1774,  an  English  Presbyterian 
minister  of  Arian  sentiments,  pub.  a  number  of  theolog. 
works,  1724-66. 

"  He  was  much  conversant  with  ethics,  natural  and  experimental 
philosophy,  and  the  best  ancients,  especially  their  moral  writings." 
—Biog.  Brit. 

Amory,  Thos.,  1691-1789,  a  humorous  writer,  pub 
lished  several  curious  works,  Lon.,  1755-56.  He  seems  to 
have  intended  a  portrait  of  himself  in  The  Life  and  Opi 
nions  of  John  Buncle,  Esq.,  1756-66,  2  vols. 

"  John  Buncle  is  the  English  Rabelais.  The  soul  of  Francis  Ra 
belais  passed  into  John  Amory,  the  author  of  the  Life  and  Adven 
tures  of  John  Buncle.  Both  were  physicians,  and  enemies  of  too 
much  gravity.  Their  great  business  was  to  enjoy  life.  Rabelais 
indulges  his  spirit  of  sensuality  in  wine,  in  diied  neats'  tongues, 
in  Bologna  sausages,  in  Botorgas.  John  Buncle  shows  the  same 
symptoms  of  inordinate  satisfaction  in  bread  and  butter.  "While 
Rabelais  roared  with  Friar  John  and  the  monks,  John  Buncle  gos 
siped  with  the  ladies,  &c.  &c."—HazlitPs  Round  TabU,  vol.  i.,  p.  151. 

Memoirs  of  Several  Ladies  of  Great  Britain,  1755. 

"We  are  thankful  for  the  opportunity  we  have  met  with  of 
forming  an  acquaintance  with  an  author  who  is.  at  the  same  time, 
a  deep  scholar  and  a  good  gentleman."— Retrosp.  Rev.  vi.  100, 
which  see. 

Amos.     Panasophise  Prodromus,  Lon.,  1639. 

Amos,  Andrew.  1.  Expediency  of  Admitting  Tes 
timony  of  Parties  to  Suits,  Lon.,  8vo.  2.  Gems  of  Latin 
Poetry,  with  translations,  1851  and  '53,  8vo.  3.  Lectures 
on  the  Advantages  of  a  Classical  Education,  1846,  8vo.  4. 
Trial  of  Earl  and  Countess  of  Somerset  for  Poisoning, 
8vo.  5.  Ruins  of  Time  exemplified  in  Sir  Matthew  Hale's 
Hist  of  the  Pleas  of  the  Crown,  1856,  8vo.  See  Lon. 
Athen.,  1489,  May  10,  1856.  6.  In  conjunction  with  J. 
58 


AND 

Ferard,  Treatise  on  the  Law  of  Fixtures,  Lon.,  8vo;  2d 
Amer.  ed.,  by  Wm.  Hogan,  N.  York,  1855,  8vo. 

Amos,  J.  Letter  to  Ld.  Mayor  rel.  to  the  Poor,  Ac., 
1809-13. 

Amos,  Wm.     Agricultural  Works,  Lon.,  1794-1810. 

Amphlett,  Wm.,  dram,  and  poet,  writer,  Lon.,  1796. 

Amsinck,  P.     Tunbridge  Wells,  &c.,  Lon.,  1810. 

Amy,  S.  Pref.  to  a  Memento  Eng.  Protestants,  Lon., 
1681. 

Amyand,  C.  Med.  Con.  to  Phil.  Trans.,  Lon.,  1708-46. 

Amyot,  T.,  1775-1850.  Speeches  of  W.  Windham,  1812. 

Anaya,  A.  Essay  on  Spanish  Literature,  Lon.,  1818. 
A  Treatise  on  the  Living  Languages,  Lon.,  1818. 

Anbury,  Thos.     Travels  in  America,  Lon.,  1789. 

Anccll,  S.  Blockade  and  Siege  of  Gibraltar,  pub.  1784. k 

Anchoran,  J.  Gate  of  Tongues  Unlocked,  Lon.,  1639. 

Ancram,  (Robt.  Kerr)  Earl  of,  a  favourite  of  King 
James  I.,  and  gentleman  of  the  Bed-chamber  to  Prince 
Charles,  was  the  author  of 

"  A  short  but  very  pretty  copy  of  verses  to  Drummond  of  Ilaw- 
thornden."— II.  WALPOLE. 

"  The  beautiful  and  sweetly  plaintive  sonnet  referred  to  by  Lord 
Orford,  and  the  interesting  letter  which  accompanied  it,  must  be 
considered  as  ornamental  to  this  or  to  any  publication." — Park's 
Walpok's  It.  <L  N.  Authors. 

Ancram,  Earl  of.  Description  of  some  Improvements 
in  the  Arms  and  Accoutrements  of  Light  Cavalry.  Trans. 
Ed.  R,  Soc.  N.  245.,  1805. 

Anderson,  Adam,  1692-1765,  for  forty  years  con 
nected  with  the  South  Sea  House,  was  author  of  the  His 
torical  and  Chronological  Deduction  of  Trade  and  Com 
merce.  First  ed.  in  2  vols.  fol.,  1762;  2d  ed.  in  1764; 
3d  ed.,  4  vols.  4to ;  4th  vol.  by  a  new  hand,  1787-9 ;  and 
4  vols.  4to,  1801. 

"  We  congratulate  the  public  upon  the  appearance  of  so  ample 
and  valuable  a  treasure  of  real  knowledge,  collected  with  indefatiga 
ble  industry  from  almost  innumerable  authors." — Monthly  Review. 

Anderson,  .Kiieas.  Narrative  of  British  Embassy 
to  China  (Earl  Macartney's)  in  1792,  '93,  '94,  Lon.,  1795. 

"  This  narrative  of  Earl  Macartney's  Embassy  is  of  little  value  in 
comparison  with  that  of  Sir  G.  L.  Staunton,  Bart." — LOWNDES. 

Anderson,  Alex.,  a  native  of  Aberdeen,  Prof,  in  the 
University  of  Paris.  Supplementum  Apollonii  Redi- 
vivi,  Paris,  1612,  4to;  Supplemento,  Paris,  1615,  4to.  Ad 
Angularium  Sectionum  Analyticen  Theorernata,  Ac., 
Paris,  1615,  4to;  Vindicise  Archimedis,  Paris,  1616,  4to. 
Exercitationum  Mathematicarum,  Dicas  Prima,  Paris, 
1619,  4to.  All  these  works  are  very  scarce. 

Anderson,  Alexander,  M.D.,  d.  1813.  Account  of 
a  Bituminous  Lake  or  Plain  in  the  Island  of  Trinidad ; 
Phil.  Trans.,  1789.  The  State  of  some  of  the  most  valu 
able  Plants  in  his  Majesty's  Botanic  Garden  in  the  Island 
of  St.  Vincent;  Trans,  of  Soc.  for  the  Encouragement  of 
Arts  and  Manufactures,  1798,  vol.  xvi.  The  bread-fruit 
tree  of  Otaheite  is  described  in  this  paper,  for  which  he 
received  the  silver  medal.  Other  papers,  on  Cinnamon, 
Clove-Plant,  &c. 

Anderson,  Ant.    Theolog.  works,  Lon.,  1573-81. 

Anderson,  C.,  M.D.  Works  on  Mineralogy,  Lon., 
1809-10. 

Anderson,  Christopher,  pastor  of  a  Baptist  church 
in  Edinburgh  from  1808  until  a  few  months  before  his 
death,  in  1851.  1.  On  the  Services  and  Design  of  the  Do 
mestic  Constitution,  1826;  last  ed.,  1847,  8vo.  2.  His 
torical  Sketches  of  the  Ancient  Native  Irish,  1828 ;  last 
ed.,  1846,  fp.  8vo.  3.  The  Annals  of  the  English  Bible, 
1845,  2  vols.  8vo ;  2d  ed.,  with  Historical  Index,  1848,  2 
vols.  8vo ;  3d  ed.,  1855,  2  vols.  8vo.  By  far  the  best  book 
on  the  subject.  See  Cotton's  Editions  of  the  Bible,  Ac., 
ed.  to  1852,  x.,  xi.,  1,  n.,  39,  n.,  <fec.  4.  Singular  Introduc 
tion  of  the  English  Bible,  1849,  8vo.  See  Life  and  Letters 
of  Rev.  Christopher  Anderson,  by  his  Nephew,  1854,  8vo. 

Anderson,  D.  Fergus  II.,  1810.  Ace.  of  Canada,  1814. 

Anderson,  Sir  Edmund,  d.  1605,  was  Chief  Justice 
of  the  Common  Pleas  in  the  reign  of  Elizabeth.  Resolu 
tions  and  Judgments  in  all  the  Cases  and  Matters  agitated 
in  all  the  Courts  of  Westminster,  in  the  latter  end  of  the 
reign  of  Q.  Elizabeth,  Lon.,  1653.  Reports  des  Principales 
Cases,  Ac.,  Lon.,  1664. 

"  He,  by  his  indefatigable  study,  obtained  great  knowledge  in  the 
Municipal  Laws.  ...  In  1586  he  sate  in  judgment  on  Mary  Queen 
of  Scots.  .  .  .  being  then  a  learned  Man  of  the  Law."—  Wood's 
Athen.  Oxon. 

Anderson,  G.  M.     Abbey  of  St.  Denis,  1812. 

Anderson,  Geo.  Remonstrance  against  Lord  Boling- 
broke's  Philos.  Religion,  address,  to  Mallet,  1756. 

Anderson,  Geo.     Trans,  of  Arenarius,  Lon.,  1784. 

Anderson,  Geo.   On  Grapes ;  Trans.  Hort.  Soc.,  1 817. 

Anderson,  Henry.    The  Court  Convert. 


AND 

Anderson,  Henry.    Poemata,  Amst.,  1637. 

Anderson,  Henry.     Serm.  on  Ps.  Ixxiii.  25,  1685. 

Anderson,  Dr.  Henry  J.,  Prof.  Mathematics,  Ac. 
Columbia  Coll.,  N.Y.,  1825-43.  1.  Geology  of  Lieut. 
Lynch's  Expedition  to  the  Dead  Sea.  2.  Geological  Re- 
connoissance  of  Part  of  the  Holy  Land,  1848 ;  pub.  by  U. 
States  Government. 

Anderson,  J.  S.  1.  Addresses,  Lon.,  12mo.  2. 
Cloud  of  Witnesses :  Discourses  on  Hebrews,  2  vols.  Svo. 
3.  Life  of  Moses,  12ino.  4.  History  of  the  Church  and 
the  Colonies,  2  vols.  Svo.  5.  Memoir  of  Mrs.  Chisholm, 
12mo.  6.  Sermons  at  Lincoln's  Inn,  Michaelmas,  185U, 
Svo.  7.  Sermons  on  Elijah  and  John  the  Baptist,  Svo. 
8.  Sermons  on  Various  Subjects,  Svo. 

Anderson,  J.  W.  The  manner  pointed  out  in  which 
the  Common  Prayer  was  read  in  private  by  the  late  Mr. 
Garrick,  1797.  The  incident  which  gave  rise  to  this  pub 
lication  is  no  doubt  known  to  many  of  our  readers.  See 
an  excellent  paper  on  the  proper  "  reading  of  the  Common 
Prayer,"  Spectator,  No.  147.  See  CULB,  RICHARD. 

Anderson,  Jas.  Ane  godly  Treatis  calit  the  first  and 
second  Gumming  of  Christ,  with  the  Tone  of  the  Winters- 
nycht,  1595,  Edin.,  be  Robt.  Smith.  Another  ed.  was 
printed  at  Edin.  by  Andro  Hart. 

Anderson,  Jas.  A  General  History  of  the  House  of 
Yvery,  Lon.,  1742.  Written  principally  by  the  first  Earl 
of  Egmont;  privately  printed;  edited  by  J.  Anderson. 

"  Dear  and  covetable  is  the  possession  of  a  PERFECT  COPT.  .  .  . 
It  has  long  been  accounted  a  crack  article  in  the  most  finished  col 
lection.  A  perfect  c  opy  runs  hard  upon  twenty  guineas."— DIBDIN. 

Royal  Genealogies,  or  the  Genealog.  Tables  of  Emperors, 
Kings,  and  Princes,  from  Adam  to  these  times,  folio,  Lon., 
1732. 

"The  most  useful  and  valuable  work  of  the  kind,  and  probably 
the  most  difficult  and  laborious  one  ever  undertaken  by  author  or 
printer." — Moule's  Scottish  Billiolheca  Heraldica. 

Anderson,  Jas.,  1662-1728,  a  distinguished  antiqua 
ry,  gained  great  credit  by  his  Historical  Essay  showing 
that  the  Crown  of  Scotland  is  Imperial  and  Independent, 
in  answer  to  Mr.  Atwood,  Edin.,  1705.  Atwood's  book  was 
burnt  by  the  common  hangman,  whilst  Anderson,  sur 
rounded  by  admiring  high  dignitaries,  received  the  thanks 
of  the  Parliament  of  Scotland,  delivered  by  the  Lord 
Chancellor.  So  much  for  being  on  the  right  side  !  More 
over,  Parliament  encouraged  the  rejoicing  champion  of  the 
"  Imperial  Crown"  to  undertake  the  publication  of  a  col 
lection  of  the  Ancient  Charters  of  Scotland,  with  fac-similes 
of  the  seals  of  the  Scottish  Kings.  £300,  and  afterwards 
£1050,  (the  latter  it  is  said  was  never  paid,)  were  voted  to 
him  for  this  purpose.  This  work,  Selectus  Diplomatum  et 
Numismatum  Scotiae  Thesaurus,  Ac.,  was  not  published 
until  1739,  eleven  years  after  the  author's  death.  Thomas 
Carte — the  laborious,  faithful,  ill-used  Thomas  Carte,  whose 
devotion  to  his  historical  labours  put  even  Dr.  Mangey  to 
the  blush— writes  in  1736  : 

"  They  are  printing  on  copper-plates  Mr.  Anderson's  Collection 
of  the  Seals  of  the  Kings  of  Scotland;  the  price  is  great,  being  six 
guineas."— Nichols's  Literary  Anecdotes. 

The  plates  were  engraved  by  Strutt. 

"  It  is  a  work  of  extreme  rarity  and  great  value." — WATT. 

"A  highly  valuable  and  useful  work.  The  introduction  by 
Ruddiman  was  afterwards  inadequately  translated,  and  published 
with  notes." — LOWNDES. 

Collections  relating  to  the  History  of  Mary,  Queen  of 
Scotland,  Edin.,  1727-28,  4  vols.  4to. 

"  A  friend  of  mine  once  bought  a  copy  out  of  sheets,  and  bound 
the  work  m  black  morocco,  with  blood-coloured  insides!  Such  was 

s  order  to  the  binder;  and  poor  George  Faulkener  was  that 
binder. ' — DIBDIN. 

Anderson,  Jas.  The  Constitution  of  Free  Masons, 
Ac.,  Lon.,  1723.  Discovery  of  their  Ceremonies,  Lon., 

Anderson,  Jas.     Sermons  pub.,  Lon    1714-20 

Anderson,  Jas.,  M.D.  Med.  Works,  Lon'.  and 
Madras,  1788,  Ac. 

Anderson,  Jas.,  LL.D.,  1739-1808,  published 
many  works  upon  agriculture,  Lon.,  1771-1802.  He  was 
a  practical,  as  well  as  theoretical,  farmer,  having  1300 
acres  under  cultivation  in  Aberdeenshire.  He  qualified 
himself  for  usefulness  by  attending  the  chemical  lectures 
of  Dr.  Cullen,  whose  friendship  was  of  great  advantage 
to  him  in  his  pursuit  of  general  knowledge.  In  1790  he 
commenced  the  pub.  of  The  Bee,  (1790-94,  18  vols.)  con 
sisting  of  Essays  Philosophical  and  Miscellaneous.  Dr. 
A.  wrote  those  marked  Senex,  Timothy  Hairbrain,  Alci- 
biades,  and  many  others  without  signatures. 

"Complete  sets  of  this  valuable  periodical  work,  in  which  Dr 
Anderson  received  material  assistance  from  men  of  taste  and 
learning,  are  of  rare  occurrence.  It  was  printed  on  three  caoers 
coarse,  common,  and  fine."— LOWNDES 


AND 

Selections  from  his  Correspondence  with  General  Wash 
ington,  in  which  the  causes  of  the  present  scarcity  are 
fully  investigated,  Lon.,  1800. 

Anderson,  Jas.   Work  on  Yellow  Fever,  Edin.,  1798. 
Anderson,  Jas.     Con.  to  Ann.  of  Med.,  1799. 
Anderson,  Jas.     Chain  Bridge,  Queensferry,  1818. 
Anderson,  Jas.     1.  Ladies  of  the  Covenant,  Lon., 
1851,  12mo.     2.  Ladies  of  the  Reformation,  2  vols.  p.  4to, 
1854-56. 

Anderson,  John.    Theolog.  Works,  Glasg.,  1711-14. 
Anderson,  John.  Sound  at  Elsineur:  the  Duties,  1771. 

Anderson,  John,  M.D.,  1726-1796,  "an  English 
physician,  was  professor  of  Natural  Philosophy  at  Glas 
gow  for  41  years.  Five  editions  of  his  Institutes  of 
Medicine  (Glasg.,  1786)  were  pub.  during  his  lifetime." 
— Biog.  Univ.  He  also  pub.  Observations  on  Roman  An 
tiquities  discovered  between  the  Frith  and  Clyde,  Edin., 
1800.  See  an  amusing  account  in  Boswell's  Life  of  John 
son,  of  a  tea-party  at  Glasgow,  where  Professors  Reid 
and  Anderson,  Johnson  and  Boswell,  and  the  Messieurs 
Foulis  discussed  their  bohea  together. 

Anderson,  John.    Med.  Works,  Lon.,  1787-95. 

Anderson,  John.  Account  of  a  Mission  to  the  East 
Coast  of  Sumatra  in  1823,  Ac.,  Lon.,  1826. 

"  It  was  one  great  object  of  our  author's  mission  to  create  a  de 
sire  among  the  people  for  British  and  Indian  manufactures ;  and 
in  this  to  a  certain  extent  he  seems  to  have  succeeded.  .  .  .  Java 
and  Sumatra  have  given  birth  to  two  very  excellent  books,  every 
way  worthy  of  them — the  one  on  Java,  by  Sir  Stamford  Raines ; 
the  other  on  Sumatra,  by  Mr.  Marsden." — Quarterly  Review. 

Anderson,  John.  Chronicles  of  the  Kirk;  or  Scenes 
and  Stories  from  the  History  of  the  Church  of  Scotland 
from  the  Earliest  Period  to  the  Second  Reformation. 

"  Its  gracefulness  and  brevity  give  it  much  adaptation  for  its 
purpose." — British  Quarterly  Review. 

Anderson,  M.     Ten  Discourses  on  Moses,  Lon.,  1834. 

Anderson,  Patrick.  Jesuit.  Ground  of  the  Catholic 
and  Roman  Religion  in  the  word  of  God,  1623. 

Anderson,  Patrick,  M.D.  The  Colde  Spring  of 
Kinghorne  Craig,  &c.,  Edin.,  1618.  Rare,  sold  in  the 
Gordonstoun  sale  for  £1  11s.  6d.  Grana  Angelica,  Ac., 
Edin.,1635.  Also  rare. 

Anderson,  R.     Rud.  of  Tamul  Grammar,  Lon.,  1821. 

Anderson,  Ralph,  Polit.  and  poet,  writer,  1797-1808. 

Anderson,  Robt.  Treatises  on  Gauging  and  Gun 
nery,  Lon.  1660-96. 

Anderson,  Robt.     Theolog.  works,  Lon.,  1834-46. 

Anderson,  Robt.,  M.D.,  1751-1830,  best  known  as 
the  editor  and  biographer  of  the  British  poets,  was  edu 
cated  at  the  University  of  Edinburgh,  in  which  city  he 
resided  for  the  last  forty  years,  devoted  to  literary  pur 
suits.  Life  of  Samuel  Johnson,  with  Critical  Observations 
on  his  Works,  Lon.,  1795.  Life  of  Dr.  Smollett,  Edin., 
1803.  The  Works  of  the  British  Poets;  with  Prefaces, 
Biographical  and  Critical,  1799,  13  vols.  He  edited  the 
works  of  Dr.  Moore. 

"  He  also  made  numerous  contributions  to  various  publications, 
but  more  through  his  fondness  of  literature  than  any  love  of 
money.  His  correspondence  with  literary  men  was  extensive,  by 
whom  he  was  held  in  the  greatest  esteem,  not  more  for  his  talents 
than  the  frankness  of  his  temper,  and  the  warmth  of  his  heart." 
'  See  Nichols's  Illustrations  of  Literary  History,  vol.  vii., 
for  a  number  of  interesting  letters  between  Bishop  Percy 
and  Dr.  Anderson.  The  correspondence  was  commenced 
by  the  Bishop  as  follows  : 

"Your  edition  of  the  Poets  of  Great  Britain  does  so  much 
honour  to  their  biographer  and  critic,  that  every  friend  to  litera 
ture  should  assist  his  candid  and  ingenious  labours ;  this,  I  hope, 
will  serve  as  my  apology  for  addressing  a  letter  to  you,  without  a 
more  regular  introduction." 

"  To  good  old  Anderson,  the  poets  and  literature  of  the  country 
are  deeply  beholden." — Quarterly  Review. 

The  following  notice  of  some  of  Walter  Scott's  early 
essays  in  literature  will  interest  our  readers  : 

"  An  ingenious  friend  here  wished  to  avail  himself  of  the  oppor 
tunity  to  submit  to  your  lordship's  inspection  one  or  two  of  his 
compositions  in  the  style  of  the  ancient  Scottish  ballad,  in  testi 
mony  for  his  high  respect  for  your  character,  and  of  his  gratitude 
to  the  editor  of  '  The  Reliques,'  upon  which  he  formed  his  taste  for 
ballad-thinking  and  expression.  .  .  The  name  of  my  friend  is 
Walter  Scott,  Esq."— Anderson  to  Percy. 

Anderson,  Rnfus,  minister  of  Wenham,  Mass.  2 
Serm.  on  the  Fast,  1802.  Letters  on  Baptists,  1805. 

Anderson,  Thos.    Con.  to  Medical  Com.,  1774,  Ac. 

Anderson,  W.     Mercantile  Correspond.,  12mo,  N.  Y. 

Anderson,  Walter,  D.D.,  d.  1800,  for  fifty  years 
minister  of  Chirnside,  in  Scotland.  The  History  of 
France,  1769-75-83,  Lon.,  5  vols.  4to. 

"  In  that  genius,  that  natural  discernment,  that  knowledge  of 
the  world,  which  are  so  absolutely  necessary  to  the  historian,  he  Is 
surprisingly  defective."— New  Oat.  of  L.  English  Authors. 

"  A  heavy  compilation  of  very  little  value."— Rose's  Biog.  Diet, 


AND 


AND 


The  Philosophy  of  Anc.  Greece  investigated,  Edin.,  1791. 
"  This  work  is  more  respectable  in  point  of  matter.    It  is  fuller 
than  the  work  of  Stanley  on  the  same  subject,  and  less  extensive 
ind  prolix  than  that  of  Brucker." — Gent.  Mag. 

Anderson,  Win.,  Chap.  E.  India  Co.  4  Serms.,  1708. 
Anderson,  Wm.  Hamilton  and  Douglas  Case,  ed.  1768. 
Stacking  Corn,  1816. 
See  Med.  Com.  and  Phil.  Trans., 


Anderson,  Wm 
Anderson,  Wm 
1776-78. 

Anderson,  Wm 
Anderson,  Wm 
Anderson,  Wm 


The  Russian  Empire,  Lon.,  1815. 
See  Trans.  Hort,  Soc.,  1817. 
Lon.  Commercial  Diet.,  Lon.,  1826. 


_________  ,   _____ 

Anderson,  William,  LL.D.,  b.  1800,  at  Kilsyth, 
Scotland,  a  popular  preacher  of  Glasgow.  Discourse  on 
Regeneration,  12mo.  Discourses  on  Various  Subjects, 
12mo.  Lectures  on  the  Mass,  Popery,  &c. 

Anderson,  William.  Landscape  Lyrics,  Lon.,  1839, 
12mo.  Gift  for  all  Seasons,  1843,  12mo.  Author  of  His 
torical  Memoirs  of  British  newspapers  in  Eraser's  Mag., 
1838-39. 

Anderson,  W.  J,  1.  Causes  and  Treatment  of  Ner 
vous  Affections,  Lon.,  p.  8vo.  2.  Treatment  of  Diseases 
of  Pregnancy,  p.  8vo. 

Anderton,  or  Anderson,  .las.,  published,  under 
the  name  of  John  Brerely,  in  1604,  The  Apology  of  Pro 
testants  for  the  Roman  Religion.  This  was  answered  by 
Morton's  Appeal,  1606.  Anderton's  2d  ed.  and  rejoinder 
appeared  in  1608.  Translated  into  Latin  by  Reynes  in 
1615.  A  Treatise  on  the  Mass.  Religion  of  St.  Augustine, 
Latin,  Cologne,  1620. 

Anderton,  Lawrence,  also  a  Lancashire  man,  a 
Jesuit.  Treatise  on  the  Origin  of  Catholics  and  Protest 
ants,  Rouen,  1632.  The  Triple  Cord,  St.  Omer,  1634. 

Andever,  Lord.     Two  Speeches,  1641. 

Andre,  J.  W.     Brit.  Eclogue  for  1805  ;  a  Poem,  1805. 

Andre,  Major  John,  a  talented  and  amiable  young 
British  officer,  well  known  for  his  unfortunate  end,  having 
been  executed  as  a  spy,  Oct.  2,  1780,  during  the  Revolu 
tionary  war  of  the  U.  States  of  N.  America.  He  was  the 
author  of  the  Cow  Chase,  an  heroic  poem  in  three  cantos, 
pub.  in  Lon.  in  1781. 

"  It  was  originally  pub.  in  Rivington's  Royal  Gazette,  N.  York, 
in  the  morning  of  the  day  on  which  Andre  was  taken  prisoner. 
The  last  stanza,  intended  to  ridicule  Gen.  Wayne  for  his  failure  in 
an  attempt  to  collect  cattle  for  the  army,  is  this  : 
'  And  now  I've  closed  my  epic  strain; 

I  tremble  as  I  show  it, 
Lest  this  same  warrior-drover  Wayne 
Should  ever  catch  the  Poet  !'  "—Allen's  Biog.  Diet. 

Andre,  Wm.    Con.  to  Phil.  Trans.,  1782-84. 

Andreas,  B.  Serm.  on  5th  Chapiter  Song  Sol.,  Lon., 
1583. 

Andree,  John,  Surgeon  and  Teacher  of  Anatomy, 
London,  pub.  many  profess,  treatises,  Lon.,  1737-78. 

Andree,  R.  J.  Vocabulary  in  6  Languages,  Lon.,  1725. 

Andrescoe.     Sermons,  1581. 

Andrew,  Dr.     Theolog.  Treatise,  Lon.,  1735. 

Andrew,  .las.     Astronomical  Tables,  Lon.,  1810. 

Andrew,  Jas.,  1773-1833.     Insti.  of  Grammar,  1817. 

Andrewe,  Thos.  The  Unmasking  of  a  Feminine 
Machiavell.  Est  nobis  valuisse  satis,  Lon.,  1604. 

"  A  poetical  tract  of  little  value,  containing  a  description  of  the 
battle  at  Newport."—  LOWNDES. 

Andrewes,  B.     See  ANDREAS,  B. 

Andrewes,  Gerard,  1750-1825,  Dean  of  Canterbury, 
refused  the  Bishopric  of  Chester  —  a  clergyman  of  exem 
plary  piety.  A  Serm.  pub.  1798.  Do.  pub.  1803;  and 
Borne  Lectures  in  the  publication  called  "  Onesimus." 

Andrewes,  Geo.  Dictionary  of  the  Slang  and  Cant 
Languages,  Lon. 

Andrewes,  Thos.  Serm.  1  Pet.  ii.  17;  Rom.  xiv. 
19,  1717. 

Andrewes,  Thos.     Rates  and  Tables,  Bristol,  1787. 

Andrews,  D.     Letter  to  Dr.  Wakefield,  Lon.,  1794. 

Andrews,  Eliza.  The  MSS.  of  Virtudo,  1801.  The 
Beauties  of  Sturm's  Reflections. 

Andrews,  Ethan  Allen,  LL.D.,  1787-1858,  b.  at 
New  Britain,  Conn.,  graduated  at  Yale  Coll.,  1810,  Prof. 
of  Ancient  Languages  Univ.  N.  Carolina,  1822-28.  He 
succeeded  Mr.  Jacob  Abbott  as  Principal  of  the  Young 
Ladies'  School  of  Boston,  and  was  Senior  Editor  of  the 
Religious  Mag.  in  connexion  with  Jacob  and  John  S.  C. 
Abbott.  The  Latin  works  of  Dr.  Andrews  are  :  First 
Latin  Book;  Latin  Reader;  Viri  Romae  ;  Latin  Lessons; 
Andrews  and  Stoddard's  Latin  Grammar;  Synopsis  of 
Latin  Grammar;  Questions  on  the  Latin  Grammar;  Latin 
Exercises;  Key  to  Latin  Exercises;  Exercises  in  Latin 
Etymology;  Caesar's  Commentaries;  Sallust;  Ovid;  Latin 
60 


Dictionary.  His  most  elaborate  work  is  his  Latin-English 
Lexicon ;  a  condensed  trans.,  with  alterations,  of  the  Wb'r- 
terbuch  der  Lateinischen  Sprache  of  Dr.  Wilhelm  Freund. 
At  the  time  of  his  death  he  was  engaged  in  revising  a  new 
ed.  of  the  above  work,  which  will  be  completed  by  his 
family.  See  AINSWORTH,  ROBERT. 

Andrews,  G.  H.  Agricultural  Engineering.  The 
Practical  Farmer;  Modern  Husbandry,  Lon.,  1854,  8vo. 

Andrews,  Geo.  Reports  of  Cases  Court  K.  Bench 
in  the  11  and  12  years  of  Geo.  II.,  2d  ed.,  with  notes,  and 
an  appen.  cont.  additional  cases,  by  G.  W.  Vernon,  Dub., 
1791. 

Many  of  the  cases  contained  in  these  Reports  are  also  reported 
by  Strange,  and  in  cases  tempore  Lord  llardwicke.  Andrews, 
however,  has  usually  given  a  fuller  and  more  satisfactory  report 
of  these  cases  than  is  found  in  reports  of  the  same  period.  His 
reports  are  '  accurate,  judicious,  and  satisfactory.'  The  1st  ed.  was 
in  fol.,  1754.  See  Wallace's  Reporters,  63,  2d  ed." — Marvin's  Legal 
Bibl  ioc/raphy. 

AridreAVS,  H.  C.     Botanical  works,  Lon.,  1796-1812. 

Andrews,  G.  P.     Tables  of  Rates  and  Taxes,  1815. 

Andrews,  J.   Love  and  Chastity.    A  Poet.  Ess.,  1760, 

Andrews,  J.  Petit,  1737-1797,  a  London  magis 
trate,  and  miscellaneous  writer.  His  principal  works  were, 
1.  Anecdotes,  Ancient  and  Modern,  Lon.,  1789. 

"  An  amusing  and  humorous  collection." — LOWNDES. 

"  A  person  of  extensive  reading,  who,  with  judicious  selection, 
and  good  taste,  keeps  a  common-place  book,  and  afterwards  com 
municates  the  contents  to  the  public,  certainly  merits  the  grateful 
acknowledgments  of  those  who,  at  so  cheap  a  rate,  and  in  so  easy 
a  manner,  are  furnished  with  rational  entertainment ;  the  fruit  of 
many  years'  attention,  and  much  labour,  on  the  part  of  the  com 
piler.  .  .  Mr.  Andrews  seems  in  his  preface  to  be  apprehensive 
that  his  compilement  might  meet  with  an  ungracious  reception 
from  the  reviewers.  Surely  his  fears  were  groundless!  Those 
critics,  we  conceive,  must  be  very  ill-natured  who  could  snarl  at 
the  well-intended  offer  of  a  book,  by  no  means  ill-calculated  for 
their  entertainment." — Lon.  Monthly  Review. 

We  might  say  much  in  praise  of  good  compilations  of 
anecdotes  and  ana,  but  we  shall  prefer  to  quote  a  higher 
authority  than  our  own  : 

"I  love  anecdotes.  I  fancy  mankind  may  come,  in  time,  to 
write  all  aphoristically,  except  a  narrative ;  grow  weary  of  prepa 
ration,  and  connection,  and  illustration,  and  all  those  arts  by 
which  a  big  book  is  made.  If  a  man  is  to  wait  till  he  weaves 
anecdotes  into  a  system,  we  may  be  long  in  getting  them,  and  get 
but  few,  in  comparison  of  what  we  might  get." — DR.  JOHNSON. 

2.  The  History  of   Great  Britain  connected  with   the 
Chronology  of  Europe,  with  Notes,  Ac.,  containing  anec 
dotes  of  the  times,  lives,  Ac.  of  the  learned,  and  speci 
mens  of  their  works,  Lon.,  1794-95. 

"  In  the  work  before  us  we  hav<j  the  history  of  all  authors  most 
interesting  to  a  Briton, — that  of  his  own  country,  treated  on  a 
new,  and,  we  think,  an  excellent  plan.  .  .  Mr.  Andrews's  style  is, 
in  general,  well  adapted  to  his  subject ;  perspicuous,  though  con 
cise,  and  at  once  elegant  and  nervous.  .  .  When  his  plan  is  com 
pleted,  he  will  have  supplied  a  desideratum  in  English  literature, 
by  giving,  within  a  reasonable  compass,  and  connected  with  the 
events  of  neighbouring  states,  the  history  of  Great  Britain,  se 
lected  with  judgment,  abridged  with  accuracy,  enriched  with  erudi 
tion,  and  occasionally  embellished  with  wit." — Lon.  Monthly  Review. 

"  The  Notes  to  this  valuable  historical  work  contain  a  great  va 
riety  of  curious  and  amusing  particulars." — LOWNDES. 

3.  A  Continuation  of  Henry's  History  of  Great  Britain, 
Lon.,  1796. 

The  plan  of  Dr.  Henry's  History  was  most  admirable, 
and  we  are  not  surprised  that  Mr.  Andrews  should  have 
fallowed  so  good  a  model.  We  shall  dwell  more  at  largo 
upon  the  advantages  of  this  arrangement  in  the  proper 
place.  (See  HENRY,  ROBT.)  Dr.  Henry's  work  concluded 
with  the  accession  of  Henry  VIII.  Mr.  Andrews  continued 
the  history  to  the  accession  of  James  I.  The  hope  ex 
pressed,  by  a  reviewer  of  the  work,  "that  the  author's 
health  and  spirits  would  enable  him  to  complete  the  un 
dertaking,  and  to  bring  it  down  to  the  present  time,"  (1797,) 
was  disappointed.  The  author  "rested  from  his  many 
useful  labours"  within  six  months  from  the  date  of  tho 
expression  of  this  hope.  See  Obituary,  Gent.  Mag.,  Sept., 
1797.  Having  long  ardently  desired  the  appearance  of  a 
complete  History  of  England,  and  the  English — of  the 
people  as  well  as  their  kings — of  the  customs  of  the  fire 
side,  as  well  as  the  intrigues  of  the  court — we  acknowledge 
with  gratitude  the  accomplishment  of  our  wish  in  tho 
Pictorial  History  of  England  pub.  by  Charles  Knight,  one 
of  the  first  literary  benefactors  of  the  age.  This  excellent 
work  is  arranged  upon  Henry's  plan,  with  advantages 
which  neither  Henry  nor  any  one  man  could  have  secured. 
We  entirely  concur  with  the  intelligent  eulogium  of  the 
Edinburgh  Review,  that  it  is  the 

"  Very  thing  required  by  the  popular  taste  of  the  present  day, 
[by  the  erudite  judgment  as  well,  we  should  have  added;]  adding 
to  the  advantage  of  a  clear  historical  narrative,  all  the  varie 
trations  of  which  the  subject  is  capable." 


AND 

Andrews,  John,  called  by  Wood  "A  painful  Preacher 
of  God's  Word,"  pub.  a  number  of  religious  works,  (Ana 
tomies  of  Basenesse,  <fcc.,)  Lon.,  1615-45. 

Andrews,  John.     Serm.  on  Peter  iv.  11,  1744. 

Andrews,  John,  hydrographer,  pub.  an  Atlas  Sur 
vey,  Ac.,  1797-1808. 

Andrews,  John.  Scripture  Doctrine  of  Grace,  in 
answer  to  Bishop  Warburton,  1763.  For  some  curious 
letters  between  Warburton  and  Andrews,  see  Nichols  s 
Literary  Anecdotes,  vol.  v.  620.  Sermons  on  the  most 
important  subjects,  1814. 

"  Beine  a  strict  and  serious  man,  and  carrying  his  notions  ol 
grace  pretty  high  in  the  above-noticed  publication,  he  was  called 
a  Methodist.  Archbp.  Seeker  had  ever  a  good  opinion  of  him,  and 
afterwards  preferred  him  in  Kent.  Though  Bp.  Warburton  did 
not  give  him  the  living  in  Gloucestershire,  yet  he  calls  himself 
his  patron."— Dr.  Lori's  MS. 

Andrews,  John,  LL.D.,  1736-1809,  a  voluminous 
historical,  political,  and  miscellaneous  writer,  pub.  in  Lon., 
1773-1807.  His  History  of  the  War  with  America,  France, 
Spain,  and  Holland,  1755-1783,  was  chiefly  compiled  from 
the  public  prints,  and  the  proceedings  of  the  House  of 
Commons. 

"  In  some  circumstances  we  think  the  author  has  not  been  fully 
informed,  but  these  are  few.  Impartiality  seems  to  have  been 
much  attended  to." — Lon.  Montfily  Review. 

Andrews,  John,  D.D.,  1746-1813,  Provost  of  the 
Univer.  of  Pennsylvania,  was  an  Episcopal  clergyman, 
and  a  scholar  of  considerable  attainments.  He  pub.  Ele 
ments  of  Logic,  and  a  sermon. 

Andrews,  Capt.  Jos.  Journey  from  B.  Ayres,  <fcc., 
Lon.,  1827,  2  vols. 

"  A  clear  and  sensible  work,  containing  much  valuable  informa 
tion." — LOWNDES. 

Andrews,  Lancelot,  1555-1626,  successively  Bishop 
of  Chichester,  Ely,  and  Winchester,  was  a  native  of  Lon 
don.  He  was  educated  at  Merchant-Tailor's  School  and 
Pembroke  Hall,  Cambridge.  The  Church  of  England  con 
tains  no  name  more  truly  venerable  than  that  of  this  good 
prelate.  For  polish  and  suavity  of  manners  he  was  excelled 
by  no  gentleman  of  the  court ;  in  piety,  by  no  anchorite 
of  better  times  and  purer  days.  In  the  discharge  of  all 
the  duties  of  religion,  he  so  walked  as  to  be  an  illustrious 
exemplar  to  his  flock  and  to  the  church  of  God.  James  I. 
had  so  high  an  opinion  of  his  abilities,  that  he  employed 
him  to  answer  Bellarmine's  Treatise  against  his  own  De 
fence  of  the  Right  of  Kings.  He  was  also  a  favourite 
with  Charles  I.  Casaubon,  Cluverius,  Vossius,  Grotius, 
Peter  du  Moulin,  Barclay,  and  Erpenius  were  among  his 
correspondents.  Lord  Clarendon  regrets  that  he  was  not 
raised  to  the  primacy  on  the  death  of  Archbishop  Bancroft. 
Thus  respected  in  life,  he  was  not  less  honoured  at  his 
death,  by  a  Latin  elegy  from  the  author  of  Paradise  Lost. 
He  wrote  a  number  of  works,  pub.  1589-1610,  and  some 
others  were  made  public  after  his  decease.  His  Manual 
of  Devotion  in  Greek  and  Latin,  was  translated  by  Dean 
Stanhope,  and  has  been  frequently  reprinted.  He  was  one 
of  the  translators  of  the  authorized  version  of  the  Holy 
Scriptures,  for  which  duty  he  was  well  qualified :  "  a  scholar, 
and  a  ripe  and  good  one,"  he  had  the  credit  of  understand 
ing  fifteen  languages.  We  are  less  surprised  at  the  holy 
character  of  this  good  man,  when  we  are  informed  that 
he  devoted  several  hours  each  day  to  private  prayer.  Thus 
he  drew  his  strength  from  an  unfailing  fountain,  and  his 
wisdom  from  the  "  Father  of  Lights." 

"  This  is  that  Andrews,  the  ointment  of  whose  name  is  sweeter 

than  spices!     This  is  that  celebrated  Bishop  of  Winton,  whose 

learning  King  James  admired  above  all  his  chaplains!"— HACKET. 

Fuller  calls  him  a  "peerless  prelate,"  and  tells  us  in  his 

own  style  of  quiet  humour : 

"  He  was  an  inimitable  preacher  in  his  way;  and  such  plagiaries 
who  have  stolen  his  sermons  could  never  steal  his  preaching,  anc 
could  make  nothing  of  that  whereof  he  made  all  things  as  he  de 
sired.  Pious  and  pleasant  Bishop  Felton  (his  contemporary  and 
colleague)  endeavoured  in  vain,  in  his  sermons,  to  assimilate  hit 
style ;  and  therefore  said  merrily  of  himself,  '  I  had  almost  marrec 
my  own  natural  trot,  by  endeavouring  to  imitate  his  artificial 
amble.' " 

"  His  life  was  a  life  of  prayer :  a  great  part  of  five  hours  every 
day  did  he  spend  in  prayer  and  devotion  to  God." — BISHOP  BUCKE 
RIDGE  :  Funeral  Sermon  on  Bp.  Andrews. 

-  He  was  so  skilled  in  all,  that  the  world  wanted  learning  to 
know  how  learned  he  was." — FULLER. 

"  Indeed,  he  was  the  most  apostolical  and  primitive-like  divine 
in  my  opinion,  that  ever  wore  a  rochet,  in  his  age;  of  a  most  vene 
rable  gravity,  and  yet  most  sweet  in  all  commerce;  the  most  de 
vout  that  ever  I  saw  when  he  appeared  before  God;  of  such  a 
growth  in  all  kinds  of  learning,  that  very  able  clerks  were  of  low 
stature  to  him.  ...  In  the  pulpit,  a  Homer  among  preachers.' 
— BP.  HACKET  :  Life  of  Williams. 

Bp.  Andrews  has  the  credit,  or  discredit,  as  tastes  vary 
of  being  the  father  of  the  quaint  school  of  composition,  of 


ANG 

which  Donne  is  one  of  the  most  prominent  specimens, 
lis  Posthumous  and  Orphan  Lectures  have  been  greatly 
,dmired. 

"  A  theological  student  will  do  well  to  make  himself  acquainted 
with  his  writings.  There  is  frequently  a  force  and  vividness  hi 
lis  language,  a  picturesqueness  in  his  way  of  exhibiting  the  subject, 
a  point  in  his  expressions,  and  a  harmony  in  his  periods,  that  we 
hall  vainly  seek  in  the  more  sober  and  popular  divines  of  the 
succeeding  schools.  His  sermons  contain  a  rich  mine  of  wisdom 
ind  erudition." 

This  Manual  is  composed  of  sentences  from  the  Sacred 
Scriptures,  and  extracts  from  the  fathers.  It  was  eom- 
iiled  for  his  own  use,  (praeces  privatae,)  and  was  found 
ifter  his  death  "  worn  in  pieces  by  his  fingers,  and  wet 
with  his  tears." 

"  When  thou  hast  bought  the  book,  enter  into  thy  closet  and 
shut  the  door,  pray  with  Bishop  Aiidrewes  for  one  week,  and  he 
will  be  thy  companion  for  the  residue  of  thy  years;  he  will  be 
pleasant  in  thy  life,  and  in  thy  death  he  will  not  forsake  thee."— 

" It  is  a  compact  and  ably-executed  selection;  without  the  con 
straint  of  a  precise  form,  it  presents  a  rich  collection  of  materials 
for  prayer;  and  whether  as  an  enchiridion  of  devotional  aspira 
tions,  a  guide  to  self-examination,  or  an  aid  to  pious  reflection,  it 
will  be  found  of  great  utility." 

The  good  bishop's  motto  was — 

'  And  who  is  sufficient  for  these  things?" 

Andrews,  Loring,  d.  1805,  was  editor  successively 
of  The  Herald  of  Freedom,  Boston ;  The  Western  Star, 
Stockbridge ;  and  in  1803  he  established  The  Charleston 
Courier,  a  paper  of  considerable  reputation. — Allen's 
Biog.  Diet. 

Andrews,  M.  W.     On  Lunar  Caustic,  Lon.  1807. 

Andrews,  Peter  Miles,  d.  1814,  son  of  a  London 
merchant,  wrote  a  number  of  dramatic  pieces.  Perhaps 
the  title  of  one  will  satisfy  our  readers,  and  cause  them  to 
excuse  the  rest  of  the  catalogue :  The  Baron  KINKVER- 
VANKOTSDORSPRAKENGOTCHDKRN,  1781.  After  the  perform 
ance  of  the  Baron,  an  extensive  maxillary  dislocation  of 
the  members  of  the  dramatic  corps  need  not  excite  sur 
prise.  The  Biographia  Dramatica  gives  Mr.  Miles  this 
cruel  blow — 

"  This  gentleman  is  ...  a  dealer  in  gunpowder ;  but  his  works, 
in  their  effect,  by  no  means  resemble  so  active  a  composition,  be 
ing  utterly  deficient  in  point  of  force  and  splendour." 

Andrews,  R.  Work  against  Transubstantiation,  1755. 

Andrews,  or  Androse,  R.  Trans,  from  Italian  of 
last  book  of  Alexis'  Secret,  Lon.,  1578. 

Andrews,  R.  Gaol  of  Newgate  Unmasked,  Lon.,  1809. 

Andrews,  R.     Virgil  Englished,  1766,  etc. 

Andrews,  S.     Obedience  to  Divine  Kule,  1786. 

Andrews,  Stephen  Pearl,  b.  1812,  in  Mass.  Com 
parison  of  the  Common  Law  with  the  Roman,  French,  or 
Spanish  Civil  Law  on  Entails  and  other  limited  property  in 
Real  Estate.  Phonographic  Class  Books.  Phonographic 
Reader.  Phonographic  Reporter,  Ac.,  pub.  J.  F.  Trow,N.  Y. 
Science  of  Society,  N.  Y.,  12mo.  Love,  Marriage,  and  Di 
vorce,  N.  Y.,  12mo.  French,  with  or  without  a  Master,  N.  Y., 
12mo.  Contributor  to  the  London  Times  and  other  journals. 

Andrews,  T.     Vindication  of  Ch.  of  England,  1799. 

Andrews,  Thos.     Sermon  on  Matt.  v.  20,  1717. 

Andrews,  Thos.  Inquiry  rel.  to  T.  Eccleston's  Re- 
plv,  Lon.,  1709.  Serm.  on  Prov.  iv.  10-14,  1712.  On 
John  i.  14,  1731. 

Andrews,  W.  E.     Review  of  Fox's  Book  of  Martyrs. 

Andrews,  Wm.     Serm.  on  John  i.  46,  47,  Lon.,  1638. 

Andrews,  Wm.     Year  Books,  Ac.,  Lon.,  1656-83. 

Andrews,  Wm.    Address  to  the  Public,  1774. 

Andros,  Edmund,  d.  1714,  Governor  of  New  Eng 
land  and  other  States  of  America.  A  Narrative  of  his 
Proceedings  in  New  England,  in  1691 ;  republished  1773. 

Androse,  R.     See  ANDREWS. 

Aneley,  Samuel.     See  ANNESLEY. 

Angas,  G.  F.  1.  Illustrations  of  New  Zealand,  1847, 
fol.  2.  Illustrations  of  South  Australia,  1847,  fol.  3.  Il 
lustrations  of  the  Kaffirs ;  or,  Port  Natal,  1849,  fol.  4. 
Rambles  in  Malta  and  Sicily,  1842,  r.  8vo.  5.  Savage  Life 
and  Scenes  in  Australia;  2  vols.,  2d  ed.,  1847,  p.  8vo.  6. 
Views  of  the  Australian  Gold-Fields,  1852,  r.  4to. 

Angel,  or  Angell,  John,  d.  1655,  of  Magdalen  Hall, 
Oxf.,  after  "taking  the  degrees  in  Arts  and  Holy  Orders, 
became  a  frequent  and  painful  preacher," —  Wood's  Athen. 
Oxon.  He  was  a  Nonconformist.  The  Right  Government 
of  the  Thoughts,  Lon.,  1659.  Four  Sermons,  1659. 

"  He  shone  as  a  burning  light,  until  God  translated  him  to  shine 
above  as  a  Star  forever."— T.  B. 

"  As  his  name  was  Angell,  so  he  was  a  man  indeed  of  Angelical 
understanding  and  Holiness,  a  burning  and  shining  Light." — THOS. 
CASE. 

Angel,  John.     History  of  Ireland,  Dub.,  1781. 

Angell,  John.    An  Essay  on   Prayer,  Lon.,  1761. 


ANG 


ANN 


Stenography,  or  Short-Hand  Improved,  Lon.,  1759.  His 
system  is  described  as  "  complex  and  difficult."  Dr.  John 
son  wrote  the  preface  to  the  work. 

Angell,  Joseph  K.,  1794-1857,  b.  Providence,  R.  L, 
graduated  at  Brown  Univ.,  1813.  Treatise  on  the  Com 
mon  Law  in  Relation  to  Water- Courses,  with  an  Appendix 
containing  the  principal  adjudged  cases  and  forms  of  de 
claration  ;  3d  ed.,  Boston,  1840;  4th  ed.,  1850  ;  5th  ed.,  8vo. 

"  The  law  in  relation  to  water-courses  is  becoming  daily  of  in 
creasing  importance,  and  Mr.  Angell,  in  his  work,  has  commend- 
ably  discussed  the  subject.  Local  legislation  has  altered,  in  many 
of  the  States,  the  common  law  relative  to  water-courses,  but  this 
does  not  preclude  the  necessity  in  many  cases  of  resorting  to  well- 
settled  principles,  in  order  to  expound  these  legislative  acts.  No 
intelligent  lawyer  can  well  practise  without  Mr.  Angell's  treatise 
on  water-courses."— 3  Kent's  Com,.  453. 

United  States  Law  Intelligencer  and  Review,  Providence, 
1828-31,  3  vols.  Treatise  on  the  Right  of  Property  in  Tide 
Waters,  Boston,  1826;  2d  ed.,  1847. 

"  The  only  regular  treatise  upon  this  branch  of  the  law,  besides 
the  one  under  consideration,  is  Lord  Hale's  De  jure  Maris  et  Bra- 
chiorum  ejusdem.  Mr.  Angell  has  furnished  the  profession,  in  the 
present  publication,  with  a  work  that  was  much  needed.  He  has 
collected  the  materials  for  his  book  with  great  industry,  from  a  va 
riety  of  sources  that  are  not  generally  accessible,  and  his  work  is 
a  valuable  contribution  to  our  jurisprudence." — Marvin's  Legal 
Bibliography. 

Inquiry,  Ac.,  relative  to  an  Incorporeal  Hereditament, 
Boston,  1827.  A  Treatise  on  the  Limitation  of  Actions  at 
Law  and  Suits  in  Equity  and  Admiralty,  Boston ;  2d  ed., 
1846 ;  4th  ed.,8vo,  revised  and  enlarged  by  J.  Wilder  May. 

"  It  is  now  more  full  and  complete  than  any  other  treatise  upon 
this  subject  extant." — Marvin's  Legal  Bibl. 

"  Lord  Brougham  begs  Mr.  A.  would  kindly  communicate  to  Mr. 
Angell  his  very  grateful  sense  of  the  favour  done  him  by  the  valu 
able  present  of  Mr.  A.'s  work.  Lord  B.  has  already  consulted  it, 
and  found  it  to  be  by  much  the  best  treatise  on  this  very  important 
subject." — Lord  Brougham's  Note  to  Mr.  Arnold. 

A  Practical  Summary  of  the  Law  of  Assignments,  Bos 
ton,  1835. 

"  It  is  a  neat  and  valuable  little  manual  of  the  law  of  voluntary 
assignments  by  insolvent  debtors." — 2  Kent's  Com.,  536  n;  13  Am. 
Jur.  234. 

Mr.  Angell,  in  conjunction  with  Samuel  Ames,  has  pub 
lished  a  Treatise  on  the  Law  of  Private  Corporations  Ag 
gregate;  2d  ed.,  Boston,  1843  ;  4th  ed.,  1858;  6th  ed.,  8vo. 

"  To  these  authors  belongs  the  honour  of  first  producing  an  Ame 
rican  treatise  upon  corporations,  and  whatever  its  defects  may  be  in 
style,  arrangement,  or  in  profusion  of  citations  from  English  or 
American  reports,  it  is  undoubtedly  the  best  work  upon  corpora 
tions  that  an  American  lawyer  can  possess.  .  .  .  Chancellor  Kent 
highly  commends  the  work." — Marvin's  Legal  Bibl. 

"  It  is  a  very  learned,  full,  and  finished  treatise,  and  cannot  be 
too  highly  praised." — CHAXCELLOR  KENT. 

Treatise  on  the  Law  concerning  the  Liabilities  and  Rights 
of  Common  Carriers;  2d  ed.,  Boston,  1845,  8vo;  pub.  in 
Lon.  in  1849,  royal  8vo. 

"  It  displays  thorough  research  and  learning,  and  cannot  fail  to 
be  welcomed  as  a  valuable  accession  to  the  legal  literature  of  the 
age." 

A  Treatise  on  the  Law  of  Fire  and  Life  Insurance ;  with 
an  Appendix,  containing  Forms,  Tables,  <fec.,  8vo.  A  Treat, 
on  the  Law  of  Highways,  by  Joseph  K.  Angell  and  Thomas 
Durfee,  Esqrs.,  8vo. 

"  We  have  here  the  last  of  Mr.  Angell's  useful  labours  for  the 
profession  of  which  he  was  a  distinguished  ornament.  Being  left 
incomplete,  it  was  finished  in  a  very  satisfactory  manner  by  Mr. 
Durfee. 

"  The  work  contains  a  thorough  and  accurate  analysis  of  all  the 
cases,  English  and  American,  upon  the  important  subject  ou  which 
it  treats,  and,  in  addition,  a  chapter  upon  canals,  railways,  ferries, 
and  navigable  rivers,  which  gives  much  valuable  matter  in  a  con 
densed  and  perspicuous  style.  It  presents,  as  is  usual  in  all  Mr. 
Angell's  treatises,  the  very  point  decided  in  each  case." 

Angelo,  Henry.      1.  Reminiscences,  Lon.,  2  vols. 
8vo.     2.  Instructions  for  Cavalry  Sword-Exercises,  12mo. 
Angler,  Lord.     State  of  II.  M.  Revenue  in  Ireland, 
1673. 

Angler,  John.     An  Help  to  Better  Hearts  for  Better 
Times,  in  several  Sermons,  Lon.,  1647. 
Angler,  Saml.  Polite  Modern  Divine,  Lon.,  1756,  etc. 
Anglesey.     The  Case  of  Ann,  Countess  of  Anglesey, 
lately  deceased,  lawful  wife   of    Richard  Anglesey,  late 
Earl  Anglesey,  and  of  her  three  surviving  daughters  by  the 
said  Earl,  Lon.,  1766.     Written  by  one  of  the  daughters. 

"This  state  of  a  very  hard  case  indeed  is  drawn  up  by  one 
of  the  three  distressed  daughters  of  a  most  unnatural  father, 
and  will  not,  we  are  persuaded,  fail  of  increasing  (if  it  is  pos 
sible  to  increase)  the  public  detestation  of  a  character  too  well 
known  to  require  our  animadversion  on  it." — London  Monthly 
Review,  1766. 

For  an  Epitome  of  this  curious  pamphlet,  see  Gentle 
man's  Magazine  for  November,  1766,  p.  537.  This  Richard, 
Earl  Anglesey,  is  the  same  nobleman  who  was  defendani 


n  the  celebrated  suit  brought  by  James  Annesley  in  1744, 
to  recover  the  Annesley  title  and  estate. 

Anglesey,  Arthur,  Earl  of.     See  ANNESLEY. 

Anglicus,  Gilbertus.     See  GILBERTUS. 

Anglicus,  Richard.     See  RICHARD. 

Anguish,  Thos.     Serms.  pub.  1732-45-56. 

Angus,  Joseph,  D.D.  1.  Bible  Hand-Book,  Lon., 
1854,  22mo.  2.  Christ  our  Life,  p.  8vo.  3.  Prize  Essay  on 
the  Voluntary  System,  1839,  p.  8vo.  4.  Bishop  Butler's  Ana 
logy,  &c.,  also  Fifteen  Sermons  ;  with  a  Life  of  the  Author, 
a  Copious  Analysis,  Notes,  and  Indexes,  1855,  12mo,  pp. 
551.  In  a  letter  to  the  author  of  this  Dictionary,  written 
just  after  the  publication  of  this  volume,  Dr.  T.  Hartwell 
Home  styles  it  the  best  edition  of  the  Analogy  which  has 
appeared. 

Angus,  W.     Seats  of  the  Nobility,  Lon.,  1787-1810. 

Angus,  Wm.     Educational  Works,  Glasg.,  1808-15. 

Anley,  Miss.  1.  Earlswood,  Lon.,  1852,  12mo.  2 
Influence,  4th  ed.,  1845, 12mo.  3.  Miriam;  10th  ed.,  1845 
12mo.  4.  Prisoners  of  Australia,  1841,  12mo. 

Annand,  Alex.  Legal  Government  of  India,  Lon.,  4to. 

Annand,  Wm.,  1633-1689,  educated  at  Univer.  Coll., 
Oxf.,  was  made  Dean  of  Edinburgh,  1676.  He  was  of 
"  good  repute  for  his  ready  and  edifying  way  of  preaching." 
He  was  the  author  of  Fides  Catholica,  Lon.,  1661-62. 
Panem  Quotidianum;  in  defence  of  set  form,  and  of  the 
Book  of  Common  Prayer,  1661.  Pater  Noster,  1670.  Mys- 
terium  Pietatis,  1672.  Dualitas,  Edin.,  1674,  etc. 

"  As  his  life  was  pious  and  devout,  so  was  his  sickness  and  death, 
to  the  great  comfort  of  those  then  present  with  bun."— Wood's 
Athen.  Oxon. 

Annerson,  or  Anneson,  James.  See  MAXWELL, 
JAMES. 

Annesley,  Alexander,  author  of  several  treatises 
on  Political  Economy,  and  of  the  Compendium  of  the  Law 
of  Marine,  Life,  and  Fire  Insurance ;  pub.  Lon.,  1800-8. 

Annesley,  Arthur,  Earl  of  Anglesey,  1614-1686, 
was  Lord  Privy-Seal  under  Charles  II.  He  became  a 
Fellow-Commoner  of  Magd.  Coll.,  Oxf.,  about  1630.  At 
the  Restoration  he  was  created  Earl  of  Anglesey.  His 
lordship  was  the  author  of  a  number  of  political  and  theo 
logical  works.  Truth  Unveiled,  with  a  treatise  on  Tran- 
substantiation,  Lon.,  1676.  The  King's  Right  of  Indul 
gence  in  Spiritual  Matters,  with  the  equity  thereof  asserted, 
1688.  Happy  Future  State  of  England,  1688.  Memoirs, 
Ac.,  1693,  etc. 

"  He  was  a  person  very  subtil,  cunning,  and  reserved  in  the 
managery  and  transacting  his  affairs ;  of  more  than  ordinary  parts, 
and  one  who  had  the  command  of  a  very  smooth,  sharp,  and 
keen  pen.  He  was  also  much  conversant  in  Books,  and  a  great 
Calvinist,  but  his  known  countenance  and  encouragement  given 
to  persons  of  very  different  persuasions  in  matters  of  religion,  hath 
left  it  somewhat  difficult,  at  least  in  some  men's  judgments,  per 
emptorily  to  determine  among  what  sort  of  men,  as  to  point  of  re 
ligion,  he  himself  ought  in  truth  to  have  been  ranked."—  Wood's 
Athen.  Oxon. 

Bishop  Burnet  describes  him  as  a  tedious  and  ungraceful 
orator ;  a  grave,  abandoned,  corrupt  man,  whom  no  party 
would  trust.  But  on  the  other  hand,  see  Dr.  Campbell's 
life  of  his  lordship  in  the  Biographia  Britannica,  who  de 
clares  that  "  it  is  not  easy  to  say  any  thing  worthy  of  so 
great  a  man's  character."  When  Drs.  Burnet  and  Camp 
bell  disagree,  who  shall  decide  ? 

"  That  his  Lordship  sailed  with  the  times,  remains  notorious. 
Those  principles  must  be  of  an  accommodating  temper  which  could 
suffer  the  same  man  to  be  president  of  a  republican  council  of 
state,  and  recommend  him  for  chancellor  to  an  arbitrary  and 
popish  king.  Once  when  the  Earl  of  Essex  charged  him  iu  the 
House  of  Lords  with  being  prayed  for  by  the  Papists,  Anglesey 
said,  '  He  believed  it  was  not  so;  but  if  Jews  in  their  synagogues, 
or  Turks  in  their  mosques,  would  pray  for  him  unasked,  he  should 
be  glad  to  be  the  better  for  their  devotion.'  "—  Walpole's  K.  &  N. 
Authors. 

"  He  was  capable  of  great  application,  and  a  man  of  a  grave  de 
portment;  but  stuck  at  nothing  and  was  ashamed  of  nothing 

He  seemed  to  have  no  regard  to  common  decencies,  but  sold  every 
thing  that  was  in  his  power,  and  sold  himself  so  often,  that  at  last 
the  price  fell  so  low  that  he  grew  useless."— Burners  History  of 
the  Kfign  of  Charles  II. 

Dr.  Kippis,  the  editor  of  the  Biographia  Britannica,  was 
quite  indignant  at  Walpole's  styling  it  (for  giving,  as  he 
thought,  too  favourable  an  opinion  of  our  author)  "  Vindi- 
catio  Britannica,"  or  a  "Defence  of  Everybody;"  where 
upon  the  editor  remarks,  in  his  2d  edition, 

"  If  we  have  been  guilty  of  an  excess  of  gentleness,  we  must 
guard  for  the  future  against  this  amiable  error.  It  will  behoove  us, 
for  instance,  when  we  come  to  the  Life  of  Sir  Robert  \Valpole,  to 
take  care  that  we  be  not  too  milky." 

The  lively  Horace  could  have  afforded  to  laugh  at  this 
threat;  his  alphabetical  distance  from  the  Doctor's  ven 
geance  rendered  him  very  secure.  Before  the  glowly-fi'l- 
vancing  foe  could  reach  the  letter  "W,"  the  "Blue"  aud 


ANN 

the  "  Red  Chambers,"  the  "  Round  Tower,"  and  the  «  Tri 
bune"  of  Strawberry  Hill,  would,  in  all  probability,  know 
no  more  the  collector  of  trinkets,  and  the  distributor  of  bons 
mots.  True  enough  !  some  eighteen  years  were  required  to 
reach  the  letter  "  F,"  and  the  "force  of"  book-making 
"  could  no  further  go."  At  this  rate,  would  it  not  require  a 
Methuselah  of  an  editor  to  punish  Walpole,  Sir  Robert,  for 
the  sins  of  Walpole,  Horace  ?  Let  not  the  alphabetical 
editor  threaten  in  "  A"  what  he  intends  to  do  in  "  W !" 
"  Life  is  short,"  and  biographies  are  "  long ;"  which  last 
consideration  induces  us  to  resume,  that  we  may  speedily 
cut  short,  that  of  Arthur,  Earl  of  Anglesey.  We  shall 
gratify  Anthony  Wood,  who  seems  in  this  instance  quite 
sanguinary,  by  permitting  him  to  despatch  our  "  Author 
Anglesey,"  as  he  rather  contemptuously  designates  the  earl  : 

"  At  length,  after  our  author,  Arthur.  Earl  of  Anglesey,  had  acted 
the  part  of  a  Politician,  and  ran  with 'the  times  for  more  than  45 
years,  he  gave  way  to  fete  in  his  house  in  Drury  Lane,  in  1686. 
He  left  behind  him  a  choice  library  of  books,  which  were  exposed 
to  sale  by  way  of  Auction,  in  Oct.,  Nov.,  &c.  following." 

The  mention  of  that  "  Library  of  books"  will  touch,  a 
chord  in  the  bosom  of  many  a  Bibliomaniac  ;  and  being 
slightly  of  that  order  ourselves,  we  shall  crave  the  indul 
gence  of  the  general  reader  to  linger  a  moment  in  this 
"  Library."  Dr.  Campbell  gives  the  earl  no  small  praise 
for  his  book-collecting  zeal : 

"  He  was  one  of  the  first  English  Peers  who  distinguished  him 
self  by  collecting  a  fine  library,  which  he  performed  with  great 
care,  as  well  as  at  a  large  expense ;  and  as  he  was  desirous  that  so 
valuable  a  collection  might  not  be  quickly  dissipated,  but  remain 
in  his  femily,  he  caused  it  to  be  disposed  in  a  manner  suitable  to 
its  worth  in  a  particular  department  of  Anglesey  House.  But 
these  precautions  proved  fruitless,  as  his  Lordship's  good  inten 
tions  likewise  did ;  his  books,  within  a  few  months  after  his  de 
cease,  being  exposed  to  public  sale  by  Mr.  Millington,  a  famous 
auctioneer." 

We  marvel  that  Dr.  Dibdin  omitted  to  place  our  Biblio 
maniac  in  his  list  of  "  Collectors  of  Books  in  Great  Bri 
tain."  See  BIBLIOMANIA.  Now  this  auction  sale  would 
be  memorable  were  it  only  for  the  discovery  of  the  "  fa 
mous  memorandum,"  made  by  the  earl  on  the  blank  leaf 
of  a  copy  of  EIKON  BASILIKE;  but  we  must  not  prolong 
this  hydra-headed  article  by  any  further  dissertations. 
How  this  curious  memorandum  was  accidentally  disco 
vered,  how  it  was  purposely  published,  how  a  great  contro 
versy  thence  arose,  how  sundry  controversialists  were  "  set 
together  by  the  ears,"  how  men,  usually  amiable  enough,  in 
disputing  about  the  EIKON  BASILIKE  presented  any  thing 
but  the  portraiture  of  unprejudiced  judges  in  the  premises 
— all  these  matters  will  be  found  in  the  Life  of  Bp.  Gauden, 
in  the  present  volume.  For  a  detailed  account  of  the 
whole  controversy,  the  reader  is  referred  to  the  Biog.  Bri- 
tannica,  article  Gauden. 

Annesley,'  or  Anslay.  Trans.  The  Boke  of  the  Cyte 
of  Ladyes,  Lon.,  1521. 

Annesley,  Sir  James.  1.  Researches  into  the 
Causes  of  Diseases  of  India,  Lon.,  2  vols.  imp.  4to,  £14  14». 
2d.;  2d  ed.,  1841,  12s.;  3d  ed.,  1855,  8vo.  2.  Sketches  of 
Diseases  Prevalent  in  India,  8vo. 

Annesley,  Sir  Francis.  Copy  of  Sentence  of  War, 
Ac.,  with  his  Petition  against  Earl  of  Stafford,  Lon.,  1641. 

Annesley,  or  Aneley,  Saml.,  LL.D.,  1620  ?-1696,  a 
very  eminent  Nonconformist  minister,  pub.  sermons,  Lon., 
1655-92,  and  wrote  a  supplement  to  the  Morning  Exercise 
at  Cripplegate. 

"  He  with  much  ado  (being  naturally  dull,  yet  industrious)  got 
to  be  Bach,  of  Arts,  notwithstanding  he  that  presented  him  to  that 
degree  (who  did  swear  that  he  knew  him  to  be  aptus,  Tiabilis,  and 
idoneus)  did  take  a  hard  oath  for  him."-  Wood's  Athen.  Oxon. 

Anneson,  or  Annerson,  James.  See  MAXWELL, 
JAMES. 

Annet.     Short-Hand  Perfected,  1761. 

Annet,  Peter.  A  Collection  of  the  Tracts  of  a  cer 
tain  Free  Enquirer,  noted  by  his  sufferings  for  his  opin 
ions,  1766,  respecting  himself. 

"The  tracts  here  reprinted,  are  chiefly  those  which  appeared 
on  the  infidel  side  of  the  question,  in  the  notable  controversy  con 
cerning  the  resurrection  of  Christ,  in  the  years  1744  and  1745 ;  the 
answers  to  Mr.  Jackson's  Letter  to  the  Deists,  and  to  Lord  Lytleton's 
Observations  on  St.  Paul,  with  some  others." — Lon.  Monthly  Rev. 

See  CHANDLER,  SAMUEL,  p.  367,  post. 

Annet's  Works,  1739,  contains  also  the  tract  Social  Bliss 
considered,  (or  all  things  in  community,)  which  is  the 
germ  of  Owenism  and  Socialism. 

Anselm,  1033-1109,  like  his  predecessor  Lanfranc, 
was  a  native  of  Italy.  He  was  born  at  Aosta,  in  Pied 
mont,  at  the  foot  of  the  Graian  Alps,  about  the  year  1033. 
In  his  childhood  he  had  imbibed  religious  sentiments  from 
the  teaching  and  example  of  his  mother,  and  exhibited  an 
early  taste  for  learning.  His  father  discouraged  the  child 


ANS 

in  his  pursuits,  and  when,  at  the  age  of  fifteen,  Anselm 
ventured  to  declare  his  wish  to  embrace  a  monastic  life, 
the  anger  of  the  parent  was  so  strongly  expressed,  that  the 
youth  determined  to  quit  his  home  and  country,  and  throw 
himself  upon  the  wide  world.  Of  the  next  three  years  of 
Anselm's  life,  we  only  know  that  they  were  spent,  perhaps 
fruitlessly,  partly  in  Burgundy  and  partly  in  France.  It 
does  not  appear  how  he  was  occupied  during  this  period, 
but  in  the  course  of  his  wanderings  he  arrived  at  Avranches, 
and  there  he  first  heard  of  the  fame  of  his  countryman 
Lanfranc  and  the  school  of  Bee.  The  eagerness  after 
learning  which  had  distinguished  Anselm  in  his  childhood 
now  returned,  and  he  hastened  to  Bee  to  place  himself  un 
der  Lanfranc's  tuition.  He  devoted  himself  to  his  studies 
with  wonderful  perseverance,  scarcely  quitting  his  books 
by  night  or  by  day,  and  often  forgetting  his  meals.  When 
Lanfranc  at  length  made  him  a  partner  in  his  labours,  and 
intrusted  to  him  the  instruction  of  others,  Anselm  showed 
little  taste  for  his  occupation;  he  preferred  solitude  and 
meditation  to  an  active  life,  and  after  much  doubting  as  to 
where  and  how  he  should  take  the  habit,  and  after  con 
sulting  with  Lanfranc  and  with  Maurilius,  Archbishop  of 
Rouen,  he  became  a  monk  in  the  abbey  of  Bee,  in  the 
twenty-seventh  year  of  his  age,  (A.  D.  1060.)  Still  he  was 
not  allowed  to  remain  inactive;  for,  when  Lanfranc  was 
made  Abbot  of  Caen,  (not,  as  commonly  supposed,  in  1063, 
but  in  1066,)  Anselm  was  chosen  to  succeed  him  as  Prior 
of  Bee,  an  office  which  he  held  till  Abbot  Herluin's  death 
in  1078,  when  he  was  further  raised  to  be  his  successor. 
As  monk  and  prior,  he  was  distinguished  so  much  by 
his  piety  and  virtues,  that  his  brethren  believed  him  to 
be  possessed  of  the  power  of  working  miracles.  The  abbey 
of  Bee  had  possessions  in  England,  and  soon  after  his 
election  Abbot  Anselm  found  it  necessary  to  visit  them. 
This  was  a  favourable  opportunity  of  consulting  with  his 
ancient  friend  Lanfranc,  by  whom  he  was  received  at 
Canterbury  with  the  greatest  marks  of  distinction  and 
esteem.  He  spent  a  short  time  in  the  society  of  the  monks 
of  Canterbury,  and  gave  his  advice  in  the  question  then 
agitated  relating  to  the  sanctity  of  the  Saxon  Archbishop 
jElfege.  In  other  parts  of  England,  Anselm  was  received 
with  the  same  marks  of  respect  as  at  Canterbury.  In 
1088,  Lanfranc,  Archbishop  of  Canterbury,  died,  and  in 
1093,  Anselm,  much  against  his  will,  obeyed  the  commands 
of  William  Rufus,  by  accepting  the  vacant  see.  He  died 
of  a  lingering  illness,  attended  by  a  distaste  for  all  kinds 
of  nourishment,  on  the  21st  of  April,  1109,  in  the  seventy- 
sixth  year  of  his  age,  after  having  held  the  see  of  Canter 
bury  sixteen  years.  He  was  buried  in  his  cathedral,  at 
the  head  of  his  friend  and  predecessor,  Lanfranc. 

By  his  rare  genius  he  did  much  towards  bringing 
metaphysics  into  repute.  He  laid  the  foundation  of  a  new 
school  of  theology,  which  was  free  from  the  servile  cha 
racter  of  the  older  writers,  who  did  little  more  than  collect 
together  a  heap  of  authorities  on  the  subjects  which  they 
treated.  The  Monologium  and  the  Proslogium  are  admir 
able  specimens  of  abstract  reasoning.  His  reading  was 
extensive,  and  his  style  is  clear  and  vigorous.  His  pub 
lished  writings  are,  1.  The  Monologion,  a  metaphysical 
treatise,  in  which  Anselm  attempts  to  establish,  by  ab 
stract  reasoning,  the  existence  of  God,  his  attributes,  &c. 
He  submitted  this  work  to  the  judgment  of  Lanfranc,  be 
fore  he  ventured  to  publish  it.  2.  The  Proslogion,  in  which 
he  undertakes  to  prove  the  existence  of  God  by  one  single, 
continued  argument.  3.  The  answer  to  Gaunilo,  a  monk 
of  Marmoutier,  who  had  criticised  the  Proslogion,  and 
espoused  the  cause  of  the  incipiens  (whom  Anselm  had 
introduced  as  his  imaginary  opponent)  against  Anselm's 
arguments.  In  this  tract  he  enlarges  and  explains  some 
of  his  arguments  which  had  been  misunderstood.  4.  On 
the  Trinity  and  the  Incarnation,  a  controversial  treatise 
against  the  celebrated  philosopher  Roscelin.  5.  On  the 
Procession  of  the  Holy  Ghost,  another  controversial  trea 
tise,  in  which  he  collected  the  arguments  he  had  employed 
in  the  Council  of  Bari  against  the  Greeks,  who  denied  that 
the  Holy  Ghost  proceeded  from  the  Son.  Anselm  is  said 
to  have  written  this  book  between  1100  and  1103,  at  the 
request  of  Hildebert,  Bishop  of  Mans.  6.  Dialogue  in 
twenty-eight  chapters,  De  casu  Diaboli,  treating  chiefly  on 
the  subject  of  the  origin  of  evil.  7.  A  treatise  entitled 
Cur  Deus  Homo  ?  in  two  books,  written  in  the  form  of  a 
dialogue  between  the  author  and  Boso,  Abbot  of  Bee,  for 
j  the  purpose  of  showing  the  necessity  of  the  Christian 
•  scheme  of  redemption,  and  proving  the  resurrection  of  the 
1  body.  It  was  begun  in  England,  and  finished  in  Italy. 
8.  A  treatise  in  twenty-nine  chapters  on  the  Conception 
of  the  Virgin,  and  on  Original  Sin,  composed  at  Lyons, 


ANS 


ANS 


and  addressed  to  the  same  Abbot  Boso  who  appears  in  the 
Cur  Deus  Homo  ?  9.  A  dialogue  De  Veritate  between  a 
Master  and  his  Disciple.  10.  A  treatise  De  Voluntate, 
first  published  by  Gerberon,  who  found  it  without  the 
name  of  the  author,  but  with  strong  internal  proofs  that 
it  was  the  work  of  Anselm.  11.  A  dialogue  De  Libero 
Arbitrio.  12.  The  treatise  De  Concordia  praescientiae  et 
praedestinationis  et  gratiae  Dei  cum  libero  arbitrio.  This 
was  Anselm's  last,  and  perhaps  his  most  profound  work, 
in  which  he  undertakes  to  prove,  first,  that  prescience  is 
not  repugnant  to  free-will  ;  secondly,  that  predestination 
does  not  exclude  free-will  j  and,  thirdly,  that  grace  does 
not  exclude  free-will.  13.  A  short  tract  De  Fermento 
et  Azymo.  14  and  15.  Two  brief  treatises  on  Priests  who 
keep  Concubines,  and  on  Marriage  between  certain  degrees 
of  affinity,  questions  then  agitated  in  England.  16.  A 
dialogue  on  Dialectics,  entitled  De  Grammatico.  17.  A 
very  short  treatise  De  Voluntate  Dei.  18.  Sixteen  homilies. 

19.  A   treatise   on   the   Contempt   of  Temporal   Things. 

20.  Another  short  tract  in  question  and  answer,  entitled, 
Admonitio   morienti.      21.    Twenty-one   Meditations,  of 
some  of  which  the  authenticity  is  doubtful.     22.  A  collec 
tion  of  seventy-four  prayers.     23.  Hymns,  and  a  Psalter 
of  the  Virgin,  which  are  probably  erroneously  attributed 
to  Anselm.     24.  A  large  collection  of  miscellaneous  letters, 
many  of  which  afford  valuable  materials  for  the  history 
of  the  time.     25.  His  Constitutions.     In  addition  to  these, 
the  writers  of  the  Histoire  Litteraire  de  France  enumerate 
no  less  than  thirty-six  treatises  which  have  been  wrongly 
attributed  to  Anselm.     Among  these  we  may  place  the 
poem  De  Conteinptu  Mundi,  which  was  the  work  of  Alex 
ander  Neckham.     Some  additions  might  still  be  made  from 
manuscripts  to  his  authentic  works,  particularly  to   the 
Homilies,  Meditations,  and  Letters  ;  and  perhaps  some  of 
Anselm's  writings  are  entirely  lost,  such  as  the  poem  on 
the  death  of  Lanfranc,  mentioned  by  Ordericus  Vitalis. 


Opera  et  tractatus  beat!  Anselmi  archiepiscopi  Cantuarien.  ordi- 

nis  sancti  Benedicti.    At  the  end,  Opera  sancti  Anselmi  que  is 

scripsit  hoc  libro  quam  salutari  sidere  clauduntur.     Anno  xp'i. 

M.  cccc.  Ixxxxj.  die  vero  vicesima  septima  martii  Nurenberge.  per 

Caspar  Hochfeder:  opifecem  mira  arte  ac  diligentia  impressa.  fol. 

This  volume  contains  the  Duo  libri  cur  Deus  homo;  liber  unus  de 

incarnatione  verbi  ;  De  conceptu  virginali  et  peccato  originali  ;  De- 

claratio  cujusdam  de  eodem;  Proslogion;  Monologion;  De  proces- 

sione  spiritus  sancti  contra  Graecos  ;  Dyalogus  de  casu  Dyaboli  ; 

Pro  insipiente;   contra  insipientem;   De  diversitate  sacramen  to- 

rum  ;  De  fermento  et  azimo  ;  Expositiones  membrorum  et  actuuin 

Dei  et  vestimentorum;  Devoluntate;  De  concordia  prsescientiae  et 

praedestinationis  et  gratiae  Dei  cum  libero  arbitrio  ;  De  libero  arbi 

trio;  De  veritate;  De  similitudinibus  ;   De  mensuratione  crucis; 

Meditationes  magnae  Anselmi  ;  Meditatio  ejusdem  de  redemptione 

generis  humani;  De  passione  Domini;  Speculum  evangelici  ser- 

monis  ;  Homelia,  Intravit  Jesus  in  quoddam  castellum  ;  Epistolae 

Sancti  Anselmi  ;  De  imagine  mundi.    This  edition  was  reprinted 

in  1494.  —  Sermones  tres  de  passione  Christi.     Argentie,  M.  cccc. 

xcvj.  4to.    At  the  end,  sig.  &  4,  is  added,  Anselmi  devotissimi  de 

passione  Jesu  Christi  queretis  de  gloriosissime  b't'e  Marie  V'gnis 

respondent!   dyalogus  incipit  feliciter.  —  Opuscula  beati  Anselmi 

archiepiscopi  Cantuariensis  ordinis  sancti  benedicti.  fol.  without 

name  of  place  or  date.    It  contains  two  tracts  not  in  the  edition 

of  1491,  De  miseria  hominis,  and  De  excellentia  Virginis  Mariae. 

It  also  contains  an  index.  There  was  another  edition  of  the  Opus- 

cula  without  date.  —  Omnia  divi  Anselmi  Cantuariensis  archiepis 

copi  theologorum  omnium  sui  temporis  facile  principis  Opuscula, 

Antonii  Democharis  Ressonaei  industria  nunc  primum  restituta. 

Parisiis,  1544,  fol.    This  contains,  in  addition  to  the  previous  edi 

tions,  the  tracts  De  similitudinibus,  and  De  voluntate  Dei.    Re 

printed  in  1549.  —  D.  Anselmi  Cantuariensis  archiepiscopi,  theolo 

gorum  omnium  sui  temporis  facile  principis,  neminique  eorum  qui 

post  eum  fuerunt  vel  sanctitate,  vel  eruditione,  vel  eloquentia  se- 

cundi,  luculentissimae  in  omnes  sanctissimi  Pauli  apostoli  epistolas 

et  aliquot  Evangelia  enarrationes.   Has  enarrationes  alii  D.  Heroaeo 

ascribunt.,  Parisiis,  1544,  fol.—  Opera  Venet.  1549.    This  edition  ap 

pears  to  have  been  reprinted  at  the  same  place  in  1568.  —  Anselmi 

'Elucidarium,  Paris,  1560.  —  Opera  Colon.  1560,  fol.,  and  again,  Co 

lon.  1573,  fol.  —  B.  Anselmi  Vita  et  Opera  iv.  tomis,  ubi  ejus  Epis 

tolae  adjectae  sunt  et  notis  illustrates,  per  Job.  Piccardum.  Col. 

Agr.  1612.    More  complete  than  any  of  the  preceding  editions.  — 

B.  Anselmi  Opera  extraneis  in  Sacros  Libros  Commentariis  exone- 

rata,  recensuit  et  edidit  Theoph.  Raynaudus.  Lugd.  1630,  3  vols. 

fol.  —  S.  Anselmi  Cantuariensis  archiepiscopi  de  Felicitate  Sancto 

rum  disssrtatio,  Exscriptore  Eadinero  Anglo  canonico  regulari. 

Editore  Joanne  Bapt.  de  Machault,  Parisino,  Soc.  Jesu.  Parisiis. 

1639,  8vo.—  The  dialogue  De  libero  arbitrio,  was  published  in  the 

third  volume  of  the  Opuscula  of  St.  Augustine,  4to,  Lovan.  1648. 

—  Divi  Aurelii  Augustini  Hippon.  episcopi  Meditationes,  Soliloquia, 

et  Manuale,    Meditationes  B.  Anselmi,  cum  tratatu  de  humani 

generis  redemptione,  Ac.  Coloniae  Agrippinae,  1649,  16mo.—  D'Ache- 

rii  Spicilegium,  4to,  1653-1677,  torn.  iii.  p.  24.  Second  Edit.  Paris, 

1723,  fol.  vol.  i.  pp.  443-449.  Sancti  Anselmi  Cantuariensis  archie 

piscopi  tractatus  asceticus,  4to.  torn.  iii.  p.  121,  tom.ix.  pp.  116-123, 

Second  ed.  torn.  iii.  p.  433-435.     Some  letters  of  Anselm.—  Usher, 

Veterum  Epistolarum  Hibernicarum  Sylloge.,  4to.  Dublin.,  1633; 

pp.  88-99.     Six  letters  of  Anselm.  —  Sancti  Anselmi  ex  Beccensi  al> 

bate  Cantuariensis  Archiepiscopi  Opera  .  .  .  labore  ac  studio  D 

Gabrielis  Gerberon  monachi  congregationis  S.  Mauri  ad  MSS.  fidom 

64 


expurgata  et  aucta.  Secunda  editio,  correcta  et  aucta.  Lutetia 
Parissiorum,  1721,  fol.  The  first  edition  was  published  at  Paris  in 
1675.  A  third  was  printed  at  Venice,  1744,  in  2  vols.  folio.— The 
works  of  S.  Anselm,  more  or  less  complete,  will  also  be  found  in 
different  collections  printed  under  the  title  of  Bibliotheca  Patrum. 

Translations. 

A  French  translation  of  the  Meditations  of  Anselm  was  pub 
lished  in  1571,  and  reprinted  in  1588,  1602,  and  1042.— Another 
French  translation  of  the  Meditations,  by  Cerizius,  appeared  in 
1660.  A  German  translation  of  the  Meditations  had  been  printed 
at  Lunenberg  in  1638. — The  Mount  of  Olives;  or,  Solitary  Devo 
tions.  By  Henry  Vaughan,  Silurist.  With  an  excellent  discourse 
of  the  blessed  state  of  Man  in  Glory,  written  by  the  most  reverend 
and  holy  father  Anselm,  Archbishop  of  Canterbury,  and  now  done 
into  English,  London,  1652,  12mo. — A  third  French  translation 
of  the  Meditations  was  published  anonymously  in  1700. — Pious 
Breathings.  Being  the  Meditations  of  St.  Augustine,  his  Treatise 
of  the  Love  of  God,  Soliloquies,  and  Manual,  to  which  are  added 
Select  Contemplations  from  St.  Anselm  and  St.  Bernard.  Made 
English  by  George  Stanhope,  D.D.,  chaplain  in  ordinary  to  his 
Majesty,  London,  1701,  8vo. — A  translation  into  French  of  the 
treatise  Our  Deus  homo  *  has  been  recently  published  in  Paris. — 
Abbreviated  from  Wright's  Ping.  Brit.  Lit. 

Alison,  George,  Lord,  1697-1762.  Voyage  round 
the  World  in  1740-2-3-4;  compiled  from  his  papers,  and 
published  under  his  direction  ;  with  Charts  of  the  Southern 
part  of  South  America,  of  part  of  the  Pacific  Ocean,  and 
of  the  Track  of  the  "  Centurion"  round  the  World,  by 
Richard  Walter,  A.M.,  Lon.,  1748.  Most  of  this  work  was 
composed  by  Peter  Robbing. 

"  Anson's  Voyage  will  contribute  more  to  call  forth  genius,  and 
open  the  blossoms  of  the  mind,  than  a  dull  didactic  treatise  of  the 
most  sagacious  philosopher." — Knox's  Essays. 

A  voyage  which  is  still  about  the  most  delightful  of  any  with 
which  we  are  acquainted." — Edinburgh  Review,  April,  1839. 

In  1752  was  pub.  a  Supplement  to  Lord  Anson's  Voyage 
round  the  World,  containing  a  Discovery  and  Description 
of  the  Island  of  Frivola.  By  the  Abbg  Coyer.  To  which  is 
prefixed  an  introductory  Preface  by  fhe  translator.  This 
a  satirical  romance,  in  which  the  French  nation  (Fri 
vola)  is  most  severely  ridiculed. 

"  The  modern  French  are  represented  as  a  race  of  triflers,  wit 
lings,  and  fops,  whose  effeminate  manners,  and  slavish  notions  of 
government,  are  contrasted  with  the  supposed  manlier  conduct  of 
the  English.  As  our  judgment  may  be  thought  biassed  on  the 
present  occasion,  we  shall  say  the  less  of  this  entertaining  per 
formance  of  the  Abbess." — Lon.  Monthly  Review. 

"  Anson  was  the  veriest  Bull  Dog  of  all  circumnavigators,  lov 
ing  nothing  better  than  tough  contests,  by  sea  and  by  land;  a 
Spanish  Galleon,  or  a  hostile  town,  was  equally  an  object  of  attack, 
and  he  returned  from  his  three  years  and  nine  months'  absence 
laden  with  more  spoil  and  wealth  than  it  had  fallen  to  the  lot  of 
any  individual  to  bring  home." — DIBDIN. 

See  Life  of  Lord  Anson,  by  Sir  J.  Barrow,  Lon.,  8vo. 

Anspach,  Elizabeth,  Margravine  of,  1750-1828. 
the  youngest  daughter  of  Augustus,  fourth  Earl  of  Berke 
ley,  pub.  a  number  of  works,  1778-1826.  The  principal 
are,  1.  Journey  through  the  Crimea  to  Constantinople, 
Lon.,  1789.  2.  Letters  from  Lady  Craven  to  the  Mar 
grave  of  Anspach,  during  her  Travels  through  France, 
Germany,  Russia,  Ac.,  in  1785-87,  Lon.,  1814.  3.  Me 
moirs  of  the  Margravine  of  Anspach,  written  by  herself, 
Lon.,  1826. 

"These  delightful  volumes  remind  us  of  the  best  French  me 
moirs,  a  species  of  literature  in  which  we  are  wofully  deficient." — 
Lon.  N.  Monthly  Magazine. 

"  The  Margravine  of  Anspach  claims  attention  rather  from  cir 
cumstances  than  talent.  She  was  a  light  and  vivacious  woman, 
of  a  school  which  is  rapidly  going  by,  and  which  it  is  of  the  least 
possible  consequence  to  renovate." 

Anspach,  Rev.  F.  R.,  b.  1817,  Penn.  Systematic 
Benevolence,  1853.  Sepulchres  of  our  Departed,  12mo.  1854. 

"  A  fine  tone  pervades  the  volume,  and  it  abounds  in  just  sen 
timents  ornately  expressed." — Presbyterian. 

Anspach,  Rev.  L.  A.,  a  magistrate  of  Newfound 
land.  A  Sermon  in  French,  1798.  Summary  of  the 
Laws  of  Commerce  and  Navigation,  adapted  to  the  present 
State,  Government,  and  Trade,  of  the  Island  of  New 
foundland,  Lon.,  1809. 

"  The  law  on  these  several  matters  is  here  laid  down  with  groat 
precision,  and  expounded  with  clearness." — Lon.  Monthly  Itevirw. 

Ansted,  David  Thomas,  b.  1812,  London,  a  dis 
tinguished  geologist,  educated  at  Cambridge,  Prof.  Gcol. 
King's  Coll.,  London,  Ass.  Sec.  Geol.  Soc.  and  ed.  of  its 
Journal  and  Proceedings.  1.  Geology,  Introductory,  De 
scriptive,  and  Practical,  1844,  Lon.,  2  vols.  8vo.  This 
work  gave  its  author  a  high  position  as  a  geologist.  2. 
Geologist's  Text-Book,  1845.  3.  The  Ancient  World;  or, 
Picturesque  Sketches  of  Great  Britain,  1847.  4.  The  Gold- 
Seeker's  Manual,  12mo.  5.  Elementary  Course  of  Geology, 
Mineralogy,  &c.,  p.  8voj  2d  ed.,  1856.  6.  Notes  on 
Scenery,  Science,  and  Art,  8vo. 

Anster,  John,  LL.D.,  b.  1793,  Charleville,  Ireland, 
Regius  Prof.  Civil  Law  in  Trinity  College,  Dublin.  Prize 


ANS 


APL 


Poem  on  the  death  of  the  Princess  Charlotte,  1817.  Poems, 
with  trans,  from  the  German,  1819.  Faustus  ;  from  the 
German  of  Goethe,  1835.  Highly  praised  by  S.  T.  Cole 
ridge,  Blackwood's  Mag.  and  Edin.  Rev.,  and  Dr.  Mac 
kenzie.  Xeniola,  with  other  Poems  and  Translations,  1837. 
Introductory  Lecture  on  the  Study  of  the  Civil  Law,  1849. 
Contrib.  largely  to  Blackwood's  Mag.,  Dublin  Univ.  Mag., 
Ac. 

Anstey,  Christopher,  1724-1805,  was  a  son  of  the 
Rev.  Christopher  Anstey,  Rector  of  Brinkeley,  in  Cam 
bridgeshire.  He  pub.  a  number  of  works,  1766-1804; 
but  his  fame  rests  upon  The  New  Bath  Guide,  one  of  the 
most  popular  poems  of  the  day,  pub.  in  Lon.,  1766. 
Dodsley  gave  £200  for  the  copyright,  which  Anstey  be 
stowed  in  aid  of  the  hospital  at  Bath.  The  publisher  de 
clared  that  the  profits  on  the  sale  wei«e  greater  than  he 
had  ever  gained  in  the  same  period  by  any  other  book, 
and  in  1777  he  returned  it  to  the  author. 

'•  There  are  a  thousand  strains  of  humour  in  these  high  wrought 
Epistles,  some  of  which  do  not  occur  to  you  at  the  first  reading ; 
— si  propius,  te  capiet  magis : — the  author  frequently  heightens 
and  enriches  his  humour  by  parodies  and  imitations." — Lon. 
Monthly  Review,  1766. 

Smollett  has  borrowed  so  largely  from  Anstey,  that 
Humphrey  Clinker  may  almost  be  called  The  New  Bath 
Guide  in  Prose,  so  far  as  characters  and  situations  are 
concerned. 

"  But  Anstey's  diverting  satire  was  but  a  slight  sketch  compared 
to  the  finished  and  elaborate  manner  in  which  Smollett  has,  in  the 
first  place,  identified  his  characters,  and  then  filled  them  with  lan 
guage,  sentiments,  and  powers  of  observation  in  exact  corres 
pondence  with  their  talents,  temper,  condition,  and  disposition." 
— SIR  WALTER  SCOTT. 

Several  authors,  who  shall  be  nameless,  have  committed 
a  grave  error  in  charging  Anstey  with  borrowing  from 
Smollett ;  whereas  The  New  Bath  Guide  was  published  in 
1766,  whilst  Humphrey  Clinker  was  not  written  until 
1770,  and  was  published  in  1771. 

Anstey,  John,  son  of  the  preceding.  The  Pleader's 
Guide.  A  Didactic  Poem,  Lon.,  1796.  The  Poet.  Works 
of  the  late  Christopher  Anstey,  Esq.,  Ac.,  Lon.,  1808. 

Anstey,  T.  C.  Guide  to  the  Laws  of  England-  af 
fecting  Roman  Catholics,  Lon.,  1842. 

"This  is  the  only  professed  treatise  upon  the  laws  of  Great  Bri 
tain  relative  to  the  Koman  Catholics,  and  contains  much  valuable 
information  respecting  Nonconformists  of  every  denomination. 
The  author  has  ably  discussed  the  conflict  of  imperial  with  local 
laws — a  branch  of  the  conflict  of  laws  that  Mr.  Justice  Story  and 
Mr.  Burge  have  omitted  in  their  treatise  upon  the  Conflict  of 
Laws.  He  is  also  of  opinion  that  confessions  made  to  a  Catholic 
clergyman  are,  upon  legal  principles,  privileged  communications. 
Mr.  Anstey's  work  is  a  complete  and  valuable  treatise  upon  the 
rights  and  liabilities  of  Catholics.  24  L.  0.  535;  E.  Jurist,  25  E."— 
Marvin's  Legal  Bibl. 

Lectures  on  Laws  and  Constitution  of  England,  p.  8vo. 

Anstice,  Robt.  Work  on  Wheel-Carriages,  Lon., 
1790.  Inquiry  into  Laws  of  Falling  Bodies,  Lon.,  1794. 

Anstie,  J.     Works  upon  Commerce,  Lon.,  1787-1802. 

Anstis,  John,  1699-1745,  a  learned  heraldic  writer, 
and  Garter  king-at-arms,  was  born  at  St.  Neot's,  in  Corn 
wall,  and  educated  at  Oxford,  and  at  the  Middle  Temple. 
He  was  M.P.  in  the  reigns  of  Anne  and  George  I.  He 
left  a  number  of  very  curious  and  laborious  works  in  MS. 
Of  his  published  essays  the  most  important  are,  The  Re 
gister  of  the  most  noble  Order  of  the  Garter,  Lon.,  1724 
2  vols.  folio;  usually  called  The  Black  Book,  from  its 
black  velvet  cover.  Observations  introductory  to  an  His 
torical  Essay  on  the  Knighthood  of  the  Bath,. Lon.,  1725 

Anstruther,  Alex.  Reports  of  Cases  in  the  Court 
of  Exchequer  from  E.  T.  32  George  III.  to  T.  T.  37  Geo 
III.,  Lon.,  1796-97,  3  vols.  2d  ed.,  Lon.,  1817 

"  Anstruther's  Reports  are  carefully  ami  accurately  compiled 
L^dBibl  yS  considereda  good  authority.»--Jfa£S 

Anstruther,  Sir  John.    On  Drill  Husb.,  Lon    1796 

"He  must  have  possessed  a  very  ample  and  correct  practical 
knowledge  of  agriculture."— DONALDSON:  AfjricuU  Bioo 

Anstruther,  Sir  W.  Essays,  Moral  and  Divine 
Edin.,  1701. 

Antes,  J.    Obs.  on  M.  and  C.  of  the  Egyptians,  Lon., 

Anthon,  Chas.,  LL.D.,  was  born  in  the  city  of  New 
York  in  1797.  In  1820  he  was  appointed  adjunct  Profes 
sor  of  Languages  in  Columbia  College.  New  York,  and  in 
1835  he  was  advanced  to  the  station  filled  for  many  years 
by  Professor  Moore,  and  vacated  by  his  resignation.  He 
received  the^degree  of  LL.D.  from  his  Alma  Mater  in  1831. 
Mr.  Anthon's  publications  have  been  numerous.  His  edi 
tion  of  Lempriere's  Classical  Dictionary,  was  very  favour 
ably  received,  and  immediately  republished  in  England 
In  1830  appeared  his  larger  edition  of  Horace,  with  various 


readings,  and  a  copious  commentary;  a  smaller  edition 
was  published  in  1833.  In  1835,  in  connection  with  the 
publishing  house  of  the  Messrs.  Harper,  Professor  Anthon 
projected  a  classical  series,  which  should  comprise  as  well 
the  text-books  used  in  academies  and  schools  preparatory 
to  college,  as  those  usually  read  in  colleges  and  universi 
ties.  This  series  includes  some  of  the  most  important 
Greek  and  Latin  authors.  Dr.  A.  has  pub.  larger  works 
on  Ancient  Geography,  Greek  and  Roman  Antiquities, 
Mythology,  Literature,  &c.,  in  all  about  50  vols. 

Dr.  Anthon's  Classical  Series  has  proved  one  of  the  most 
successful  enterprises  of  the  kind  in  America. 

Anthon,  Charles  E.  Pilgrimage  to  Treves  in  1844, 
N.  York,  12mo. 

Anthon,  Henry.  Easy  Catechism,  N.  York,  18mo. 
Catechism  on  the  Church  Homilies ;  Nos.  1,  2,  3,  4,  N. 
York,  ISmo. 

Anthon,  John,  b.  at  Detroit,  1784,  an  eminent  Ame 
rican  lawyer  and  legal  writer,  brother  of  Chas.  Anthon, 
LL.D.  Essay  on  the  Study  of  Law ;  improved  and  finally 
prefixed  to  Mr.  A.'s  Analysis  of  Blackstone. 

"  This  essay  is  worth  the  perusal  of  the  legal  aspirant."— Marvin' t 
Legal  Bill 

Notes  to  Tidd's  Practice.  Analysis  of  Blackstone,  2d 
ed.,  Phila.,  1832,  8vo. 

"  Especially  valuable  in  this  country,  because  it  is  prepared  with 
peculiar  reference  to  our  circumstances." 

"  It  cannot  fail  to  be  a  great  fevourite  with  elementary  stu 
dents."—  Hoffman's  Leg.  Stud.  160. 

Nisi  Prius  Cases ;  2  edits.  The  Law  Student — American 
Digest,  1  vol.  Edited  by  J.  A. : — Booth  on  Real  Actions ; 
American  Precedents,  1821,  8vo,  4th  ed.;  West  Brook- 
field,  1848,  8vo;  Espinasse's  Nisi  Prius.  Shepherd's 
Touchstone.  Oration,  July  4,  1812.  Contribution  to  the 
American  Jurist. 

Anthony,  Elliot.  A  Digest  of  Cases  in  the  Supreme 
Court  of  Illinois  from  1819  to  1854,  Philadelphia,  1855,  8vo. 

Anthony,  Dr.  Francis,  1550-1623,  a  noted  empiric 
and  chemist,  was  the  father  of  the  controversy  concerning 
the  Aurum  Potabile,  in  which  Dr.  Gwinne  and  Dr.  John 
Gotta  took  part.  He  declared  that  he  could  produce  an 
extract,  or  honey,  of  gold,  which  he  calls  the  "  Universal 
Medicine,"  from  its  marvellous  effects  upon  the  human 
system.  His  first  treatise  on  this  subject  was  published  in 
1598.  In  1610  he  pub.  Medicinae  Chymicae  et  veri  pota- 
bilis  Auri  Assertio,  <fec. 

Anthony,  John,  1587-1655,  son  of  the  preceding. 
Lucas  Redivivus,  or  the  Gospel  Physician,  prescribing  (by 
way  of  Meditation)  Divine  Physic,  to  prevent  diseases  not 
yet  entered  upon  the  Soul,  and  to  cure  those  maladies 
which  have  already  seized  upon  the  Spirit,  Lon.,  1656. 
The  Comfort  of  the  Soul,  1654. 

So  great  was  the  demand  for  the  father's  Aurum  Pota 
bile,  that  the  son  made  a  handsome  living  by  its  sale. 

Anthony,  Susanna,  of  Rhode  Island.  Extracts 
from  her  writings  were  pub.  by  Dr.  Hopkins,  2d  ed.,  1810. 

A n till,  Ed.,  of  N.  Jersey.  Cultivation  of  the  Vine. 
Amer.  Trans.,  i.  181,  1789.  Method  of  Curing  Figs.  Ib. 
i.  266. 

Antisel,  Thos.  Manual  of  Agricultural  Chemistry, 
12mo.  2.  Irish  Geology. 

"These  little  works  are  worth  notice." — Donaldson's  Agricutt. 
Slog. 

Anton,  Robt.,  a  minor  poet  temp.  James  I.  Vice's 
Anatomy  Scourged  and  Corrected;  or,  the  Philosopher's 
Satyrs,  Lon.,  1616. 

"  These  satires  possess  little  claim  on  the  reader's  notice,  although 
there  are  a  few  slight  notices  of  the  eminent  poets  contemporary 
with  this  almosMorgotten  author." — Rose's  Biog.  Diet. 

Antrobus,  Benj.  Buds  and  Blossoms  of  Piety,  with 
some  Fruit  of  the  Spirit  of  Love,  Lon.,  1691. 

Antrobus,  J.  1.  Clifton ;  a  Poem,  Lon.,  12mo.  2. 
Parental  Wisdom,  8vo.  3.  Pilgrim's  Dream,  and  other 
Poems,  12mo.  4.  Student's  Manual,  1840,  p.  8vo.  5. 
Wrongs  of  Poland;  a  Poem,  8vo. 

Antrobus,  R.  Brevia  Selecta;  or,  Choice  Writs,  col 
lected  out  of  the  writings  of  R.  Antrobus  and  T.  Impy, 
Lon.,  1663. 

Antrobus,  Thos.,  Surgeon,  Liverpool.  An  Ampu 
tation  of  a  Leg,  without  any  subsequent  Haemorrhage, 
Mcd.  Obs.  and  Inq.  ii.  p.  152,  1762. 

Anvers,  Alicia  D'.     See  D'ANVERS. 

Anvers,  Caleb  D'.     See  D'ANVERS. 

Anvers,  Henry  D'.     See  D'ANVERS. 

Anvers,  K.  D'.     See  D'ANVERS. 

An  wick.     Med.  upon  God's  Monarchic,  Lon.,  1587. 

Anyan,  T.  Sermons  Acts  x.  34,  35.  Ps.  i.  3,  Lon.,  1612. 

Apletre,'J.     Proposals  rcl.  to  Raw  Silk,  Lon.  1719. 

65 


APP 


ARC 


,    Appelins,  J.     Death  of  Earl  of  Hanaw,  Lon.,  1612. 

Apperley.     Essays  and  Reflections,  Lon.,  1793. 

Apperley,  Charles  James,  1777-1843,  a  popular 
writer  on  sporting-subjects.  1.  The  Chase,  Turf,  and  Road, 
12mo,  pub.  in  Quar.  Rev.,  1827.  2.  Hunting  Reminiscences, 
8vo.  3.  Hunting  Tours,  Svo.  4.  Life  of  a  Sportsman, 
8vo.  5.  Nimrod  Abroad,  2  vols.  p.  Svo.  6.  Northern  Tour. 
7.  Remarks  on  the  Choice  of  Horses,  Svo.  8.  Sporting 
Annual,  imp.  4to.  9.  Treatise  on  the  Horse  and  Hound, 
p.  Svo.  Most  of  the  above  works  were  written  for  periodi 
cals  under  the  nom  deplume  of  "Nimrod." 

Apperley,  T.     Observations  on  Physic,  Lon.,  1731. 

Applegarth,  H.  The  Common  Law  Epitomized. 
Lon.,  1660. 

Applegarth,  Robt.,  formerly  a  Quaker,  became  a 
member  of  the  Church  of  England,  and  wrote  Apology  for 
the  Two  Ordinances  of  Jesus  Christ,  by  the  Holy  Com 
munion  and  Baptism,  recommended  to  the  Quakers,  Lon., 
1789.  Mr.  Applegarth  pub.  some  other  works  on  Theology 
and  Political  Economy,  1776-92. 

Appleton,  Mrs.  Eliz.     1.  Private  Education,  1815. 

"  Many  practical  directions  are  given  in  this  volume  which  will 
be  really  useful  to  those  who  undertake  the  education  of  children." 
— Lon.  Monthly  Review. 

This  lady  had  been  governess  in  the  family  of  the  Earl 
of  Leven  and  Melville.  2.  Edgar;  a  National  Tale,  3 
vols.  1810. 

Appleton,  Jesse,  D.D.,  1772-1819,  was  the  second 
President  of  Bowdoin  College.  He  pub.  several  sermons, 
1797-1818. 

Appleton,  John.  Reports  of  the  Supreme  Judicial 
Court  of  Maine  in  1841,  2  vols.  Svo,  being  vols.  xix.  and 
xx.  of  Maine  Reports,  Hallo  well,  1842-43. 

Appleton,  Nathaniel,  D.D.,  1693-1784,  minister  of 
Cambridge,  Mass.,  pub.  a  number  of  Theological  works, 
1728-70. 

Appreece.     See  RHESE,  JOHN  DAVID. 

Apsley,  Sir  Allen.  Order  and  Disorder;  or  the 
World  made  and  undone,  Lon.,  1679.  A  Poem. 

Apthorp,  East,  1732-1816,  an  Episcopal  minister, 
xras  the  son  of  Charles  Apthorp,  a  merchant  of  Boston, 
New  England.  He  studied  at  Jesus  College,  Cambridge, 
England,  and  in  1790  became  prebend  of  Finsbury  in  St. 
Paul's  Cathedral.  He  pub.  a  number  of  Theological  works, 
1761-86,  some  of  which  are  held  in  high  estimation.  Let 
ter  on  the  Prevalence  of  Christianity  before  its  civil  estab 
lishment  :  with  observations  on  a  late  History  of  the  De 
cline  of  the  Roman  Empire,  Lon.,  1778. 

This  is  one  of  the  many  answers  to  the  illogical  insinua 
tions  of  Gibbon  in  the  above-named  work. 

"  The  author  has  enriched  this  work  with  many  learned  remarks, 
and  especially  with  a  catalogue  of  civil  and  ecclesiastical  historians, 
which  the  reader  will  find  to  be  very  useful."— BISHOP  WATSON. 

Discourses  on  Prophecy,  2  vols.,  1786. 

"  These  discourses  were  read  at  the  Warburtonian  Lectures,  at 
which  the  celebrated  Discourses  of  Bishop  Hurd  were  also  de 
livered  ;  and  are  not  unworthy  of  the  object  which  the  learned 
prelate  had  in  view  in  the  establishment  of  that  foundation.  The 
topics  embraced  by  Dr.  Apthorp  are,  the  history  of  prophecy ;  Ca 
nons  of  Interpretation ;  prophecies  of  the  birth  of  Christ ;  chrono 
logical  characters  of  the  Messiah;  theological  characters  of  the 
Messiah;  prophecies  of  the  death  of  Christ;  of  the  kingdom  of 
Christ;  characters  of  Antichrist;  the  mystic  Tyre,  and  the  origin 
and  progress  of  the  Reformation.  These  subjects  are  discussed 
with  considerable  ability  and  originality,  and  abound  with  clear  and 
satisfactory  views  of  the  great  doctrines  of  Christianity."— ORME. 

"  A  most  excellent  and  highly-esteemed  work." — LOWNDES. 

Arbuckle,  Jas.,  1700-1734.  1.  Hibernicus's  Letters, 
pub.  in  the  Dublin  Journal,  Lon.,  1729,  2  vols.  2.  Poems. 

Arbuthnot,  Rev.  Alexander,  153S-1582,  was  Prin 
cipal  of  the  University  of  Aberdeen.  He  edited  Bucha 
nan's  History  of  Scotland,  pub.  1582.  His  only  produc 
tion  is  his  Orationes  de  Origine  et  Dignitate  Juris.,  Edin., 
1572.  He  was  very  serviceable  to  the  Church  of  Scotland. 
James  VI.  was  much  displeased  at  his  editing  Buchanan's 
History.  See  Delit.  Poet.  Scot,  for  Latin  verses  by  Thomas 
Maitland,  and  an  epitaph  by  Andrew  Melvil,  both  in  ho 
nour  of  our  author. 

Arbuthnot,  Arch.  Life,  &c.,  of  Lord  Lovat,  Lon., 
1746.  Life,  &c.,  of  Miss  Jenny  Cameron,  Lon.,  1746. 

Arbuthnot,  John,  M.D.,  1675-1734-5,  was  a  native 
of  Arbuthnot,  near  Montrose.  He  studied  at  the  College 
of  Aberdeen,  where  he  took  his  degree  of  M.D.  Upon  his 
removal  to  London,  his  uncommon  powers  of  wit  and  ripe 
scholarship  introduced  him  to  the  society  of  the  principal 
literary  characters  of  the  day,  with  whom  he  was  a  great 
favourite.  For  some  time  he  supported  himself  by  teaching 
mathematics.  In  1697,  Dr.  Woodward  pub.  an  Essay  to 
wards  a  natural  history  of  the  Earth,  in  which  he  threw  out 
some  singular  views  respecting  the  Deluge.  Arbuthnot  at 


tacked  this  Essay  with  great  success  in  an  Examination  of 
Dr.  W.'s  Account,  <fec.,  which  at  once  established  his  fame. 
In  1700,  he  pub.  a  treatise  On  the  Usefulness  of  Mathemati 
cal  Learning,  which  increased  his  reputation.  An  interest 
ing  paper  On  the  Regularity  of  the  Births  of  both  Sexes,  (a 
most  conclusive  proof  of  a  superintending  Providence,) 
procured  his  election  in  1704  into  the  Royal  Society.  In 
1712  appeared  the  first  part  of  The  History  of  John  Bull, 
intended  to  ridicule  Maryborough,  and  dissatisfy  the  nation 
with  the  war.  There  "never  was  a  political  allegory  ma 
naged  with  more  exquisite  humour,  or  with  a  more  skilful 
adaptation  of  characters  and  circumstances."  Swift,  in 
his  Journal  to  Stella,  and  Pope,  in  Spence's  Anecdotes, 
both  attribute  this  work  to  Arbuthnot,  and  certainly  their 
testimony  should  settle  the  question.  Arbuthnot  published 
a  number  of  other  works,  the  most  celebrated  of  which  waa 
Tables  of  Ancient  Coins,  Weights,  and  Measures;  2d  ed.,1727. 

"  Although  there  are  several  inaccuracies  in  it,  which  could 
hardly  be  avoided  in  so  intricate  a  subject,  it  is  a  work  of  great 
merit,  and  has  ever  since  been  considered  as  the  standard  author 
ity." — Encyc.  Britannica. 

The  "Miscellaneous  Works  of  Dr.  Arbuthnot,"  pub.  in 
2  vols.  in  1751,  were  publicly  denied  by  his  son  to  be  his 
father's  productions. 

"  Positive  as  is  this  assurance,  and  though  some  few  may  be 
spurious,  the  style  and  character  of  many  fully  prove  them  to  be 
genuine." — Rose's  Biog.  Diet. 

The  celebrated  Scriblerus  Club  was  formed  in  1714. 
Arbuthnot  and  his  intimate  friends,  Pope,  Gray,  and  Swift, 
together  with  Harley,  Atterbury,  and  Congreve,  were  mem 
bers  of  this  brilliant  circle.  The  object  of  these  wits  was 
to  "ridicule  all  the  false  tastes  in  learning,  under  the  cha 
racter  of  a  man  of  capacity  enough,  that  had  dipped  into 
every  art  and  science,  but  injudiciously  in  each." — POPE. 
The  club  was  not  of  long  continuance,  but  we  have  as  its 
fruits,  The  First  Book  of  Martinus  Scriblerus,  The  Travels 
of  Gulliver,  and  The  Art  of  Sinking  in  Poetry. 

"  There  seems  to  be  every  reason  to  believe,  that  of  the  three 
pieces.  Arbuthnot  was  the  sole  author  of  the  first,  Swift  of  the 
second,  and  Pope  of  the  last." — Retrosp.  Review. 

Dr.  Johnson  has  asserted  that  no  one  was  ever  wiser, 
better,  or  merrier  for  reading  the  Memoirs  of  Scriblerus. 
During  the  last  illness  of  Queen  Anne,  in  1714,  Doctors 
Arbuthnot  and  Mead  attended  her  majesty :  to  this  Gay 
alludes  in  the  Prologue  to  the  Shepherd's  Week : 
"  This  leach  Arbuthnot  was  yclept, 
Who  many  a  night  not  once  had  slept, 
But  watched  our  gracious  sovereign  still ; 
For  who  could  rest  while  she  was  ill  ?" 

Swift  replied  to  a  lady  who  desired  to  know  his  opinion 
concerning  Arbuthnot,  "  He  has  more  wit  than  we  all  have, 
and  his  humanity  is  equal  to  his  wit."  In  one  of  his 
poems,  he  laments  that  he  is 

"  Far  from  his  kind  Arbuthnot's  aid, 
"Who  knows  his  art,  but  not  his  trade." 

Dr.  Johnson,  when  talking  of  the  eminent  writers  in 
Queen  Anne's  reign,  observed  : 

"  I  think  Dr.  Arhuthnot  the  first  man  among  them.  He  was 
the  most  universal  genius,  being  an  excellent  physician,  a  man 
of  deep  learning,  and  a  man  of  much  humour." 

Pope  declared  that  he  was  fitter  to  live  or  die  than  any 
man  he  knew : 

"  His  good  morals  were  equal  to  any  man's,  but  his  wit  and 
humour  superior  to  all  mankind." 

"  Oh  if  the  world  had  but  a  dozen  Arbuthnots  in  it,  I  would 
burn  my  travels!  but.  however,  he  is  not  without  fault.  There 
is  a  passage  in  Bede  highly  commending  the  piety  and  learning 
of  the  Irish  in  that  age,  where,  after  abundance  of  praises,  he 
overthrows  them  all,  by  lamenting  that,  alas !  they  kept  Easter 
at  a  wrong  time  of  the  year.  So  our  doctor  has  every  quality  and 
virtue  that  can  make  a  man  amiable  and  useful,  but,  alas!  he 
hath  a  sort  of  slouch  in  his  walk.':— DEAN  SWIFT. 

This  slouch  in  the  doctor's  walk  is  noticed  in  a  letter 
from  Pope  to  Mr.  Digby,  in  which,  after  recommending 
Arbuthnot  to  Mrs.  Mary  Digby,  he  says  : 

"  But,  indeed,  I  fear  she  would  not  walk  with  him,  for,  as  Dean 
Swift  observed  to  me  the  very  first  time  I  saw  the  doctor,  '  He  is 
a  man  that  can  do  every  thing  but  walk.' " 

"Although  he  was  justly  celebrated  for  wit  and  learning,  there 
was  an  excellence  in  his  character  more  amiable  than  all  his  other 
qualifications :  I  mean  the  goodness  of  his  heart.  .  .  .  He  is  seldom 
serious,  except  in  his  attacks  upon  vice,  and  there  his  spirit  rises 
with  a  manly  strength  and  noble  indignation." — LORD  ORRERY. 

Archard.     Essay  on  the  French  Nobility,  1798. 

Archbold,  J.  F.,  an  eminent  writer  on  Law.     1.  The 
Practice  qf  the  Court  of  King's  Bench,  in  personal  Ac 
tions  and  Ejectments,  8th  ed.,  by  Thomas  Chitty.     Includ 
ing  the  Practice  of  the  Courts  of  Common  Pleas  and  Ex 
chequer,   2  vols.   12mo,  Lon.,    1840,    '45,  '47;    9th  edit., 
adapted  to  the  Common  Law  Procedure  Act,  1852,  entitled 
!  Proc.  Courts  Queen's  Bench.  2  vols.  Svo,  1855;    2d  Ame- 
i  rican  ed.,  2  vols.  Svo,  New  York,  1838. 


ARC 


ARC 


"This  is  the  leading  work  on  practice  in  England.  In  the 
United  States,  Tidd's  Practice  is  probably  in  more  general  use 
than  any  other  English  book  upon  the  common  law  practice,  and 
'  has  been  universally  allowed  to  be  a  model  of  completeness  and 
accuracy.'  The  reputation  of  Mr.  Archbold's  treatise,  is  mainly 
attributable  to  its  excellent  arrangement  and  perspicuous  style. 
It  had  passed  through  two  editions,  when  Mr.  T.  Chitty  first  edited 
the  book,  into  which  he  has  incorporated  the  changes  made  in  the 
English  practice,  by  the  '  Uniformity  of  Process  Act,'  and  the  rules 
and  decisions  consequent  upon  its  passage.  Warren's  Law  Stu 
dies,  752 ;  1  Jurist,  46." — Marvin's  Legal  Bill. 

2.  The  Law  and  Practice  in  Bankruptcy,  as  founded 
on  the  recent  statutes,  9th  ed.,  by  J.  Flather,  12mo,  Lon., 
1842;  10th  ed.,  1844;  llth  ed.,  by  John  Flather,  1858, 
12mo.  3.  A  Summary  of  the  Law  relative  to  Pleading 
and  Evidence  in  Criminal  Cases,  with  the  statutes,  pre 
cedents  of  indictments,  <fcc.,  and  the  evidence  necessary  to 
support  them;  9th  ed.,  by  Sir  J.  Jervis,  Knt.,  12mo,  Lon., 
1843;  llth  ed.,  by  W.  N.  Welsby,  1849 ;  18th  ed.,  by  Welsby, 
Lon.,  1856 ;  4th  American  ed.,  8vo,  New  York,  1843 ;  5th, 
from  10th  Lon.  ed.,  1846. 

"  Trifling  as  it  may  seem,  it  has  cost  me  much  time  and  great 
labour.  I  have  taken  infinite  pains  to  simplify  my  subject;  to 
reject  every  thing  redundant  or  irrelevant;  to  compress  the  whole 
into  the  smallest  possible  compass  consistent  with  perspicuity ;  and 
to  clothe  it  in  language  plain,  simple,  and  unadorned." 

"  This  treatise  is  a  standard  work  of  great  practical  utility  in 
England  and  America." — Marvin's  Legal  Bill. 

4.  A  Digest  of  the  Law  relative  to  Pleadings  and  Evidence 
in  Civil  Actions;  2d  ed.,  12mo,  Lon.,  1837;  2d  Amer.  ed., 
from  the  2d  Lon.  ed.,  N.  York,  1838.  5.  The  New  Practice 
of  Attorneys  in  the  Courts  of  Law  at  Westminster;  with 
forms,  including  the  recent  statute  as  to  attorneys ;  also 
an  appendix,  comprising  questions  of  practice,  2  vols. 
12mo,  Lon.,  1844;  3d  ed.,  1846,  1847. 

"  The  author,  feeling  himself  aggrieved  at  the  liberties  taken  by 
Mr.  Chitty,  as  editor  of  his  treatise  upon  The  Practice  of  the  Court 
of  Queen's  Bench,  appears  to  have  prepared  this  book  of  Practice 
is  a  rival  work  to  that  altered  by  T.  Chitty,  2  Jurist,  571."— Mar- 
rin's  Legal  Bibl. 

6.  Peel's  Acts,  and  all  other  Criminal  Statutes,  passed 
from  1  G.  IV.  to  the  present  time,  including  the  criminal 
clauses  of  the  Reform  Act,  with  the  forms  of  indictments, 
tc.,  and  the  evidence  necessary  to  support  them;  3d  ed., 
J  vols.  12mo,  Lon.,  1835. 

"  Peel's  Acts,  and  the  Statutes  subsequently  enacted  upon  the 
ubject  of  the  Pleas  of  the  Crown,  now  form  nearly  an  entire  body 
if  Crown  Law ;  all  the  great  offences  (with  the  exception  of  High 
'reason)  and  many  of  the  minor  offences  have  been  made  the  sub- 
ect  of  their  provisions.  The  present  edition  contains  the  whole 
>f  the  Criminal  Statutes  passed  since  the  60th  George  III ;  and 
ach  section,  defining  an  offence,  is  followed  by  the  form  of  the 
ndictment,  &c.,  and  the  evidence  necessary  to  support  it." — Mar- 
Ms  Legal  Bibl. 

7.  Collection  of  Forms  and  Entries  in  the  Courts  of  K. 
5.  and  C.  P. ;  2d  ed.,  12mo,  Lon.,  1828.     8.  The  Jurisdic- 
ion  and  Practice  of  the  Court  of  Quarter  Sessions,  with 
)rms  of  indictment,  notices  of  appeals,  &c.,  12mo,  Lon., 
836. 

"  This  production  is  in  part  compiled  from  the  author's  previous 
ublications.  Dickinson's  treatise  upon  the  same  subject,  written 
'iany  years  since,  in  consequence  of  the  many  changes  in  the  law. 
as  now  little  practical  value.  Mr.  Archbold's  book  will  be  of  great 
Distance  to  every  professional  man  practising  in  the  Court  of 
uarter  Sessions,  1  Jurist,  61." — Marvin's  Legal  Bibl. 
9.  Digest  of  the  Laws  relative  to  offences  against  God  and 
eligion,  with  the  Laws  which  affect  Protestant  Dissenters 
id  Roman  Catholics,  with  the  Toleration  Act,  8vo,  Lon., 
313.  10.  Digest  of  the  Pleas  of  the  Crown,  8vo,  Lon.,  1813. 
"  This  is  one  of  three  volumes  of  a  Digest  of  Criminal  Law,  that 
r.  Archbold  had  prepared  for  the  press,  but  about  the  time  this 
)lume  was  published,  several  similar  books  were  issued,  and  the 
vo  remaining  volumes  never  appeared.  However,  he  has  incor- 
>rated  these  parts  of  his  unpublished  Digest  into  his  Summary 
'  Pleading  and  Evidence  in  Criminal  Cases.  9.  V." — Marvin's  Le- 
il  Bibl. 

11.  Law  relative  to  Commitments  and  Convictions  by 
istices  of  the  Peace,  with  forms,  12mo,  London,  1828. 
{.  Recent  Criminal  Statutes,  with  forms  of  indictment, 
>tes,  and  index,  12mo,  Lon.,  1837.  13.  The  New  Bank- 
pt  Act,  5  and  6  Viet.  c.  122,  with  observations,  showing 
e  alterations  effected  in  the  law  and  practice,  arranged 
i  the  plan  of,  and  intended  as  a  supplement  to,  the  9th 
1.  of  Archbold's  Bankruptcy,  &c.  By  John  Flather, 
Imo,  Lon.,  1842.  14.  Justice  of  the  Peace  and  Parish 
Seer,  comprising  the  Law  relative  to  their  several  duties, 
ith  all  the  necessary  Forms  of  Commitments,  Convictions, 
•tiers,  Ac.,  3d  ed.,  3  vols.  12mo,  Lon.,  1845 ;  4th  ed., 
146;  continued  to  1850.  The  third  volume  of  this  work 
also  published  separately  under  the  title  of  Archbold's 
ior  Laws.  15.  The  Poor  Laws.  Comprising  all  the 
nthorities  to  1844;  4th  ed.,  8vo,  Lon.,  1845. 
••  Mr.  Archbold  has  long  since  earned  a  fair  and  deserved  reputa- 
m  for  the  work  of  which  this  is  the  fourth  edition.  We  think 
i  upon  the  whole,  the  best  of  the  Archboldiana.  ...  Its  com- 


plained-of  defects  are  the  citing  of  manuscript  cases,  without  re 
ferring  to  the  volumes  in  which  they  were  subsequently  printed, 
unnecessarily  increasing  '  the  perplexing  distinctions  which  beset 
this  vexed  branch  of  the  law,'  and  the  omission  of  the  Title  Bas 
tardy." — Mirvin's  Legal  Bibl. 

"  Notwithstanding  its  occasional  sins  of  omission  and  hardihood, 
we  find  far  more  in  this  book  to  praise  than  to  criticise,  and  pro 
nounce  it,  in  every  sense  of  the  word,  a  useful  work." — 2  London 
Law  Mag.,  N.  S.  198. 

16.  The  Law  of  Nisi  Prius;  comprising  the  Declarations 
and  other  Pleadings  in  Personal  Actions,  and  the  Evidence 
necessary  to  support  them,  2  vols.  ]2mo,  Lon.,  1843;  2d 
ed.,  1845 ;  3d  Amer.  ed.,  annotated  by  Hon.  J.  K.  Findlay, 
Phila.,  1853,  2  vols.  8vo. 

"The  plan  of  this  work  is,  to  give  under  each  head  precedents 
of  the  various  pleadings  in  strict  accordance  with  the  new  system; 
the  evidence  necessary  to  support  the  various  issues  taken ;  and  a 
concise  and  correct  statement  of  the  general  law  on  all  the  topics 
treated  of  in  the  work. 

"  Mr.  Archbold  has  no  superior  as  a  writer  of  practical  works, 
whether  we  regard  their  number,  or  utility,  and  but  one  equal, 
Mr.  Chitty.  This  treatise  is  more  compressed  than  Mr.  Stephen's 
Nisi  Prius,  treating  only  of  personal  actions,  as  assumpsit,  account, 
debt,  &c.  This  work  is  well  arranged,  and  valuable  as  far  as  it 
goes.  Warren's  Law  Stud.  772;  26  L.  0.  31."— Marvin's  Legal  Bibl. 

17.  The  Magistrate's  Pocket  Book,  or  an  epitome  of  the 
duties  and  practice  of  a  Justice  of  the  Peace  out  of  Ses 
sions,  alphabetically  arranged,  with  forms  of  commitments ; 
to  which  is  added  a  copious  and  general  index ;  4th  ed., 
(W.  Robinson,)  1842,  12mo.     18.  Practice  in  the  Crown 
side  of  the  Queen's  Bench,  with  forms,  <fec.,  12mo,  Lon.,  1844. 

"  This  work  fully  sustains  the  reputation  of  Mr.  Archbold,  and 
higher  praise  could  not  well  be  given." — Law  Times. 

19.  Act  for  the  Amendment  of  the  Poor  Laws  4  and  5 
Wm.  IV.  c.  76,  with  a  practical  introduction,  notes,  and 
forms ;  5th  ed.,  12mo,  Lon.,  1839.  20.  Summary  of  the  Law 
relative  to  Appeals  against  orders  of  removal,  against  rates, 
and  against  orders  of  filiation  ;  together  with  the  Practice  of 
the  Court  of  Quarter  Sessions  in  Appeals;  2d  ed.,  2  vols. 
12mo,  Lon.,  1831.  New  System  of  Criminal  Procedure, 
Ac.,  1852,  12mo  ;  Amer.  ed.  by  T.  W.  Waterman,  N.  York, 
1852.  In  1811,  this  useful  writer  published  an  edition  of 
Blackstone's  Commentaries,  with  notes,  in  4  vols.  royal 
8vo.  He  is  the  author  of  several  legal  compilations,  <fec., 
in  addition  to  those  above  noticed.  For  Mr.  Archbold's 
invaluable  labours  the  thanks  of  the  profession,  and  the 
gratitude  of  the  public  at  large,  are  eminently  due. 

Archbold,  John.     Serm.  on  1  Pet.  i.  16,  Lon.,  1621. 

Arch  dale,  John.  A  new  Description  of  the  fertile 
and  pleasant  Province  of  Carolina,  Lon.,  1707.  This  gen 
tleman  was  governor  of  Carolina,  1695-1701  ? 

"  A  captain  of  a  vessel  from  Madagascar,  on  his  way  to  Great 
Britain,  anchored  off  Sullivan's  Island,  and  made  a  present  to  the 
governor  of  a  bag  of  seed  rice,  which  he  had  brought  from  the  East. 
This  rice  the  governor  divided  among  some  of  his  friends,  who 
agreed  to  make  an  experiment.  The  success  equalled  their  expec 
tation,  and  from  this  small  beginning  arose  the  staple  commodity 
of  Carolina." 

Archdall,  Mervyn,  1723-1791,  an  "exemplary  Pro 
testant  divine  and  learned  antiquary,"  was  a  native  of 
Dublin.  He  prepared  himself,  by  forty  years  of  zealous 
labour,  for  the  compilation  of  his  Monasticon  Hibernicum; 
or,  as  History  of  the  Abbeys,  Priories,  and  other  Religious 
Houses  in  Ireland,  Dublin,  1786. 

"  It  contains  many  particulars  which  will  gratify  the  antiquary's 
curiosity.  ...  It  is  the  more  valuable  on  account  of  its  being  com 
piled  from  authentic  official  records,  the  truth  of  which  cannot  be 
called  in  question." — Lon.  Monthly  Review,  1786. 

"  The  late  learned  Dr.  Pocock.  Bishop  of  Ossory  and  of  Meath, 
pointed  out  the  method  here  adopted,  procured  many  necessary 
documents,  and  had  the  goodness  to  encourage  the  author  with 
solid  favours.  .  .  .  We  sincerely  congratulate  the  sister  kingdom 
on  such  a  compilation." — Lon.  Gentleman's  Magazine,  1786. 

In  1789  our  learned  author  pub.  an  edition  of  Lodge's 
Peerage  of  Ireland,  which  he  increased  from  four  to  seven 
volumes. 

"  The  cause  of  the  extension  of  the  latter  work,  however,  is  at 
tributed  to  Mrs.  Archdall's  skill  in  deciphering  the  short-hand 
notes  of  Mr.  Lodge." — Rose's  Biog.  Diet. 

Let  Mrs.  Archdall's  name  be  handed  down  from  anti 
quary  to  antiquary  to  the  end  of  time ! 

Archdekin,  (called  also  Mac  Gilla  Cuddy,)  Richard, 
1619-1690  ?  a  Jesuit,  was  a  native  of  Kilkenny.  He  pub. 
several  theological  works,  which  enjoyed  extensive  popu 
larity.  His  Essay  on  Miracles  was  pub.  (Louvanii)  1667. 
The  Theologicse  Triparta  Universa  reached  the  eleventh 
edition  in  1700.  "At  the  time  the  eighth  edition  was  un 
dertaken,  there  were  16,000  copies  of  this  work  disposed 
of,  and  a  great  demand  for  more." 

Archer,  A.     Serm.  on  Victory  at  Blenheim,  1704. 

Archer,  C.,  Observ.  on  the  Effect  of  Oxygen,  &c., 
Lon.,  1798. 


ARC 


ARM 


Archer,  C.  P.     Digest  of  Reports   Common   Law, 
Ireland,  Lon.,  8vo. 

Archer,  E.  Sermon,  Zech.  vii.  4,  5,  1710.  Sermon, 
1711,  Lon. 

Archer,  Edmoiid.  Charity  Sermon  on  2  Cor.  viii. 
9,  1712. 

Archer,  Jas.,  a  Roman  Catholic  clergyman.     1.  Ser 
mons  for  all  the  Sundays  in  the  Year,  Lon.,  1788,  4  vols. 
2.  Sermons  for  the  principal  Festivals  in  the  Year.     Both 
pub.  incorporated,  Lon.,  1794,  5  vols. 
"  Excellent  Catholic  sermons."— LOWNDKS. 

"  It  has  been  Archer's  aim  to  satisfy  reason,  whilst  he  pleased, 
charmed,  and  instructed  her;  to  impress  upon  the  mind  just  no 
tions  of  the  mysteries  and  truths  of  the  gospel;  and  to  show  that 
the  ways  of  virtue  are  the  ways  of  pleasantness,  and  her  paths 
the  paths  of  peace.  To  almost  every  Protestant  library,  and ;  to 
many  a  Protestant  toilet,  these  sermons  have  found  their  way." — 
CHARLES  BUTLER. 

Archer,  John.  Personal  Reign  of  Christ,  Lon.,  1643. 
Archer,  John,  an  English  physician  temp.  Charles 
II.  Every  Man  his  own  Doctor,  Lon.,  1671.  The  same, 
completed  with  an  Herbal,  1673.  Secrets  Disclosed;  or, 
a  Treatise  of  Consumptions,  their  various  Causes  and 
Cures,  Lon.,  1684,  1693.  Beloe  (Anecdotes,  vol.  i.  203) 
gives  an  account  of  several  inventions  by  Dr.  Archer. 

Archer,  J.  Statis.  Survey  of  County  of  Dublin,  DubL, 
1803. 

Archer,  John.    A  Sermon,  1  Kings  ii.  15,  1714. 
Archer,  Major,  R.A.,  late  Aide-de-Camp   to  Lord 
Combermere.    Tours  in  Upper  India  and  Himalaya,  Lon., 
1833,  2  vols.  8vo.     Reviewed  in  Edin.  Rev.,  Iviii.  358. 

Archer,  Sir  Simon,  b.  1581,  a  zealous  antiquary, 
contributed  to  King's  Vale  Royal.  Sir  Wm.  Dugdale, 
who  was  greatly  aided  by  Sir  Simon  in  his  literary  outset, 
used  his  patron's  collections  for  Warwickshire  when  he 
pub.  his  Antiquities  of  that  county.  See  Dugdale's  Cor 
respondence. 

Archer,  T.  C.     First  Steps  to   Economic   Botany, 
Lon.,  r.  16mo.     Popular  Economic  Botany,  sq.  8vo. 
Archer,  W.  N.     The  Double-Armed  Man,  1625. 
Arcy,  D'Azile.     Prejudice  and  Physiognomy,  1817. 
Arcy,  Patrick  D'.     See  D'AVERY. 
Ardern,  John,  an  eminent  English  surgeon  of  the 
4th  century.     The  MSS.  of  several  of  his  works  arc  in 
he  British  Museum;  only  one  has  been  printed,  Fistula 
n  Ano,  translated  and  pub.  by  John  Read,  in  1588. 

"  His  method  of  treatment  was  in  accordance  with  that  proposed 
>y  Celsus  and  Paulus  jEgineta.  He  superseded  the  cruel  practice 
-f  his  day,  the  cautery,  as  used  by  Albucasis.  ...  He  may  be 
Doked  upon  as  having  been  the  earliest  to  introduce  a  rational 
>ractice  into  England." 

Freind  and  Eloy  give  an  example  of  his  rapacity  for 
ees  in  cases  of  operation  for  the  fistula. 

"  Centum  Marcas  (a  Nobili)  vel  XI.  libras  cum  robis  et  feodis— et 
•entum  solidos  per  annum  ad  terminum  vitae.  After  stipulating 
vith  his  patients  in  regard  to  the  fees  he  was  to  receive,  he  took 
security  for  the  payment." — Rose's  Biog.  Diet. 

Arderne,  Jas.,  d.  1691,  an  English  divine,  was  of 
Christ  Coll.,  Camb.,  and  Brasenose  Coll.,  Oxf.  Direc 
tions  concerning  the  Matter  and  Style  of  Sermons,  1671  ; 
and  some  other  works.  He 

"  Run  with  the  humour  of  K.  James  II.,  and,  therefore,  did 
suffer  several  indignities  and  affronts  from  the  vulgar  of  and  near 
Chester.  ...  By  his  will  he  bequeathed  his  books  and  chief  part  of 
his  estate  to  provide  and  maintain  a  public  library  in  the  cathe 
dral  church  of  Chester  for  the  use  of  the  city  and  clergy."— Food's 
At/ien.  Oxon. 

Such  benefactors  are  "worthy  of  double  honour." 
Arderon,  Wm.,  a  contributor  of  many  papers  on 
Natural  Philosophy  to  Phil.  Trans.,  1744-63. 

Ardesoif,  J.  P.  A  work  upon  Gunnery,  &c.,  Gos- 
port,  1772. 

Ardley,  Geo.     Autumn  Leaves ;  a  Poem,  Lon.,  1803. 
Argall,  John,  d.  1606,  of  Christ  Church,  Oxf.,  be 
came  parson  of  a  market-town  in  Suffolk,  called  Hales- 
worth.     1.  De   Vera   pcenitentia,    Lon.,    1604.     2.  Intro- 
ductio  ad  artem  Dialecticam,  Lon.,  1605. 
"  Very  facete  and  pleasant." —  Wood's  Athen.  Oxon. 
Argall,  Richard,  was  author  of  The  Song  of  Songs 
Lon.,  1621;  The  Bride's  Ornament,  Lon.,  1621;  and  some 
other  works.     "  I  must  let  the  reader  know,"  says  Anthony 
Wood,  "  that  in  my  searches  I  find  one  Rich.  Argall  to  be 
noted  in  the  reign  of  K.  James  I.  for  an  excellent  divine 
poet." 

Argall,  Sir  Samuel,  deputy  Governor  of  Virginia 
1617-19.  An  account  of  his  voyage  from  Jamestown,  be 
ginning  June  19,  1610,  in  which,  "missing  Bermuda,  he 
put  over  towards  Sagadahoc  and  Cape  Cod,"  and  his 
Letter  respecting  his  voyage  to  Virginia,  1613,  will  be 
found  in  the  collection  of  Purchas 


Arganston,  J.    The  Mutations  of  the  Seas,  Lon.,  1683, 
Argus,   Arabella.     The   Juvenile    Spectator,  Lon., 
1812,  &c. 

Argyle.     See  CAMPBELL,  GEORGE  JOHN  DOUGLAS. 
Arkwright,  T.     Essay  upon  Raising  Ore,  Tr.  Soc. 
Arts,  1791. 

Arlington,  Earl  of.  Letters  to  Sir  Wm.  Temple, 
(1665-70,)  and  others,  Lon.,  1701. 

"These  letters  afford  an  insight  into  the  secret  and  obscure 
management  of  affairs  during  the  above  interesting  period."— 
LOWNDES. 

Armigix,  T.  Varicose  Aneurism,  Med.  Obs.  and 
Inq.,  1771. 

Armin,  or  Armyn,  Robert,  was  attached  to  the 
company  licensed  by  K.  James  I.,  1603,  under  Fletcher 
and  Shakspeare.     He  was  of  note  as  an  actor,  and  the 
author  of   several  works.     Discourse  of   Eliz.   Caldwell, 
i.,  1604.     Nest  of  Ninnies,  1608.     Italian  Taylor  and 
his  Boy,  (from  the  Italian,)  1609.     The  Biog.  Dramatica 
rives  him  credit  for  The  Valiant  Welshman,  pub.  by  A. 
I.,  Lon.,  1615.     This  was  reprinted  in  1663.     A  copy  of 
he  first  edition  was  sold  at  Sotheby's,  in  1831,  for  £4  7s. 
At  the  Gorclonstoun  sale,  The  Italian  Taylor  and  his  Boy 
old  for  £12  12s.     Reprinted  in  fac-simile,  1811,  price  5s. 
!n  the  preface  to  this  tract  he  anticipates  a  rough  hand 
ing  from  the  Grub-street  critics  of  his  day  : 

"  Every  pen  and  inck-horne  boy  will  throw  up  his  cap  at  the 
lornes  of  the  Moone  in  Censure,  although  his  wit  hang  there." 

Armstrong.     History  of  the  Minority,  Lon.,  1764. 

Armstrong.     Scottish  Atlas,  Edin.,  1727,  <fec. 

Armstrong,  Arch.  Archy's  Dream,  Lon.,  1641.  Ar- 
chee's  Banquet  of  Jests,  1657;  Jests,  posthumous,  1660. 

Armstrong,  Chas.,M.D.  Med.  Essays,  Lon.,  1783- 
1812. 

Armstrong,  F.  C.  1.  Two  Midshipmen;  a  Novel, 
Lon..  3  vols.  p.  8vo.  2.  War  Hawk,  3  vols.  p.  8vo. 

Armstrong,  Fras.,  M.D.    Med.  Essays,  Ac.,  1783-85. 

Armstrong,  Geo.,  M.D.  An  Essay  on  the  Diseases 
most  fatal  to  Infants,  &c.,  Lon.  1767.  This  popular  work 
was  repub.  in  1771,  again  in  1788 ;  and  in  1808  another 
edition,  enlarged,  was  pub.  by  A.  P.  Buchan,  M.D. 

•'That  part  of  medicine  which  regards  the  diseases  of  infants  has 
hitherto  lain  uncultivated.  I  do  not  pretend  to  account  for  this 
stranjre  neglect;  nor  is  it  to  my  purpose." — Preface  to  first  editi'm. 
A  load  of  medicines  is  in  all  cases  to  be  condemned,  but  par 
ticularly  where  infants  are  the  patients.  The  little  es?ay  before 
us  is  chiefly  to  be  commended  for  its  simplicity  in  this  respect. 
Many  of  the  observations  are  plain  and  useful;  and  the  medicines 
few,  efficacious,  and  easy  to  be  administered." — Month.  Review,  1767. 

Armstrong,  James.    Practical  Sermons,  Lon.,  1605. 

Armstrong,  John.  The  Soul's  Work  and  Danger, 
1704. 

Armstrong,  John,  Priest-vicar  of  Exeter  Cathedral, 
and  Rect.  of  St.  Paul's,  Exeter.  Sermons  on  the  Festivals, 
Oxf.,  1845. 

Armstrong,  John,  M.D. ,  1709  ?-1779,  a  celebrated 
physician  and  poet,  was  the  son  of  a  clergyman,  and  born 
in  the  parish  of  Castleton,  in  Roxburghshire.  He  graduated 
at  the  University  of  Edinburgh,  receiving  his  degree  of 
M.D.  Feb.  4th,  1732.  His  first  poem,  Winter,  although 
written  in  1725,  was  not  published  until  1770,  thirty-five 
years  after  his  earliest  production.  A  Dialogue  between 
Hygeia,  Mercury,  and  Pluto.  The  work  which  established 
his  fame  was  The  Art  of  Preserving  Health,  Lon.,  1744. 
Benevolence,  a  poetical  Epistle  to  Eumenes,  appeared  seven 
years  later,  and  in  1753  he  gave  to  the  world.  Taste,  an 
Epistle  to  a  young  Critic.  The  Art  of  Preserving  Health 
has  been  warmly  commended  by  many  eminent  author 
ities.  Warton  praises  it  for  classical  correctness ;  Dr.  Beat- 
tie  predicted  that  it  would  "  make  him  known  and  esteemed 
by  posterity ;"  but  adds,  "And  I  presume  he  will  be  more 
esteemed  if  all  his  other  works  perish  with  him." 

"  To  describe  so  difficult  a  thing,  gracefully  and  poetically,  as  the 
effects  of  distemper  on  a  human  body,  was  reserved  for  Dr.  Arm 
strong,  who  accordingly  hath  executed  it  at  the  end  of  his  third 
book  of  his  Art  of  Preserving  Health,  where  he  hath  given  us  that 
pathetick  account  of  the  sweating  sickness.  There  is  a  clAHUB 
correctness  and  closeness  of  style  in  this  poem,  that  are  truly  ad 
mirable,  and  the  subject  is  raised  and  adorned  by  numberless 
poetical  images."— Dr.  Warton's  Reflections  on  Didactic  Poetry. 

A  Short  Ramble  through  France  and  Italy  in  1771; 
Med.  Essays,  1773,  4to. 

Churchill  was  so  enraged  at  Armstrong's  styling  him  a 
"bouncing  mimic,"  in  his  Epistle  to  John  Wilkes,  that  h< 
attacked  him  most  savagely  in  his  poem  of  The  Journey. 

Armstrong  was  of  a  very  querulous  temper;  and  his 
friend  Thomson,  the  author  of  The  Seasons,  remarks, 

"  The  doctor  does  not  decrease  in  spleen ;  but  there  is  a  certain 
kind  of  spleen  that  is  both  humane  and  agreeable,  like  Jacques 
the  play." 


ARM 


ARN 


Armstrong,  John,  M.D.,  1784-1829,  took  the  degree 
of  doctor  of  medicine  of  the  University  of  Edinburgh  in 
June,  1808.  1.  Facts  and  Observations  relative  to  Puerpe 
ral  Fever,  Lon.,  1814.  2.  Practical  Illustrations  of  Typhus 
and  other  Febrile  Diseases,  1816.  3.  Practical  Illustra 
tions  of  the  Scarlet  Fever,  Ac.,  1818.  The  second-named 
work  went  through  three  large  editions  in  three  successive 
years,  and  conferred  great  celebrity  upon  its  author.  The 
last  named  publication  reached  its  second  edition  before 
the  expiration  of  the  year,  (1818.) 

"  Armstrong  was  a  man  of  genius;  but  his  attempted  contempt 
of  learning  much  disfigures  his  orations.  He  never  failed  to  em 
brace  any  opportunity  to  hold  up  to  ridicule  the  learning  of  schools 
and  colleges,  and  to  treat  with  neglect  the  claims  of  learned  prac 
titioners.''— dose's  Bing.  Diet. 

Contributed  to  Edin.  Med.  and  Surg.  Jour. ;  Med.  Intel. ; 
and  Trans,  of  the  Associated  Apothecaries  of  England  and 
Wales.  Published  Ann.  Rep.  of  the  Fever  Hospital  alter 
nately  with  Dr.  Cleverley.  His  Lectures  appeared  in  The 
Lancet,  1825;  and  again,  after  his  death,  in  a  separate 
form,  edited  by  one  of  his  pupils.  Lectures  on  the  Morbid 
Anatomy,  Nature,  and  Treatment  of  Acute  and  Chronic 
Diseases,  by  the  late  John  Armstrong,  M.D. ;  edited  by 
Joseph  Rix,  8vo,  Lon.,  1834.  See  Mem.  of  the  Life  and 
Medical  Opinions  of  J.  Armstrong,  M.D.,  and  by  Francis 
Boot,  M.D.,  2  vols.  8vo,  Lon.,  1834. 

Armstrong,  John.  Hist,  of  the  Is.  of  Minorca,  1752. 

Armstrong,  John,  Vicar  of  Tidenham.  The  Pastor 
in  his  Closet,  or,  A  Help  to  the  Devotions  of  the  Clergy, 
Oxf.,  1847. 

Armstrong,  Col.  John.  History  of  the  Navigation 
of  the  Port  of  King's  Lyn  and  of  Cambridge,  <fec.,  Lon.  1725. 

"  In  1766,  the  old  title,  prefaces,  and  contents,  were  cancelled, 
and  new  ones  printed,  and  after  the  table  of  contents  is  an  addi 
tion  of  an  Abstract,  consisting  of  two  pages." — LOWNDES. 

Armstrong,  John,  1771-1797,  pub.  Juvenile  Poems, 
<fec.,  Lon.,  1789.  Under  the  fictitious  name  of  Albert,  he 
pub.  1.  Confidential  Letters  from  the  Sorrows  of  Werter, 
Lon.,  1790.  2.  Sonnets  from  Shakspeare,  Lon.,  1791. 

Armstrong,  John,  General  in  the  U.  S.  army,  1758- 
1843,  a  native  of  Carlisle,  Penna.  Newburg  Addresses. 
Treatise  upon  Gardening.  Treatise  upon  Agriculture. 
Review  of  Genl.  Wilkinson's  Memoirs.  War  of  1812, 
2  vols.  Biographical  Notice.  Gen.  A.  had  partially  pre 
pared  a  History  of  the  American  Revolution. 

Armstrong,  John,  D.D.,  late  Lord-Bishop  of  Grahams- 
town,  d.  1856.  1.  Parochial  Sermons ;  2d  ed.,  Lon.,  1857, 
fp.  8vo.  2.  Pastor  in  his  Closet;  2d  ed.,  1857.  fp.  8vo, 
3.  Sermons  on  the  Festivals,  1857.  4.  Essays  on  Church 
Penitentiaries,  1858.  5.  Tracts  for  the  Christian  Seasons; 
1st  and  2d  Series,  8  vols.  6.  Sermons  for  the  Christian 
Seasons,  4  vols.  7.  Tracts  for  Parochial  Use,  7  vols.  8. 
National  Miscellany,  4  vols.  8vo.  See  Life  by  Rev.  T. 
T.  Carter,  M.A.,  Rector  of  Clewer;  with  an  Introduction 
by  Samuel,  Lord-Bishop  of  Oxford,  fp.  8vo,  1857. 

Armstrong,  Leslie.   The  Anglo-Saxons,  Lon.,  1806. 

Armstrong,  M.J.  Geographical  Works,  Lon.,1776-91. 

Armstrong,  Macartney,  and  Ogle.  Reports  of 
Cases  Civ.  and  Crim.,  2  B.  C.  P.,  Ac.,  Dublin,  1843. 

Armstrong,  R.  A.     Gaelic  Dictionary,  Lon.,  1825. 

Armstrong,  Uobt.  El.  of  the  Lat.  Tongue,  Lon.,  1798. 

Armstrong,  Simon,  M.D.  Con.  to  Annals  of  Med., 
ri.  370,  1801. 

Armstrong,  Wm.  Work  on  Military  Tactics,  Lon., 
1808. 

Armstrong,  Wm.     Theolog.  Treatises,  1796-1812. 

Arnald,  Richard,  1696F-1756,  a  Fellow  of  Emma- 
mel  College,  Camb.,  pub.  a  number  of  works,  chiefly  theo- 
ogical,  1726-1752.  He  is  best  known  as  the  author  of 
;he  Commentary  on  the  Apocryphal  Writings,  which 
generally  accompanies  the  Commentaries  of  Patrick, 
liowth,  and  Whitby. 

"  A  judicious  and  valuable  work." — LOWNDES. 

"  This  valuable  commentary  is  deservedly  held  in  hi°-h  estima- 
ion."— T.  H.  HORNE. 

"  The  five  volumes  by  Patrick.  Lowth,  and  Arnald  contain  th« 
>est  commentary  on  the  Old  Testament  and  the  Apocrypha  which 
re  have  in  the  English  language." — BISHOP  WATSON. 

In  the  2d  edition,  Arnald's  Commentary  was  enriched 
>y  the  notes  of  Jeremiah  Markland,  for  an  account  of 
rhich,  and  of  the  literary  character  of  Arnald,  see  Nichols's 
jiterary  Anecdotes. 

"  The  Commentary  of  Arnald,  which  was  published  at  first  in 
epurate  parts,  is  the  only  English  work  on  the  subject.  It  is  gene- 
ally  judicious,  and  affords  considerable  assistance  in  understand- 
ag  these  books." — ORME. 

The  Commentaries  of  Patrick,  Lowth,  Whitby,  Low- 
lan,  and  Arnald  have  been  published  together  in  four 
>yal  8vo  volumes,  and  form  a  valuable  manual  for  the 


student.  In  this  connexion,  we  notice  the  excellent  Com 
prehensive  Commentary,  in  six  volumes,  edited  by  Rev. 
Dr.  Jenks,  of  Boston,  U.  States  of  America.  Published  bv 
J.  B.  Lippincott  &  Co.  We  consider  it  the  best  Family 
Commentary  in  the  language,  and  admirably  adapted  to 
the  wants  of  Bible-class  and  Sunday-school  teachers. 

Ai mill,  \Vm.  A  zealous  supporter  of  the  administra 
tion  of  Sir  Robt.  Walpole,  editor  of  the  True  Briton,  (for 
which  service  he  is  said  to  have  been  compensated  by  £400 
per  annum,)  and  author  of  some  political  tracts,  Ac.,  <fcc. 

A rn and,  Jasper.  An  alarm  to  all  persons  touching 
their  health,  Lon.,  1740. 

Arne,  Thos.  Augustine,  1710-1778,  a  celebrated 
musical  composer,  is  of  interest  to  literary  men  from  his 
being  th«  son  of  Thomas  Arne,  the  upholsterer,  the  person 
supposed  to  have  been  intended  by  Addison  in  his  charac 
ter  of  the  Politician,  in  Nos.  155  and  160  of  The  Tatler. 
In  1738  Arne  produced  music  for  Milton's  masque  of  Comus. 

"  In  this  masque  he  introduced  a  light,  airy,  original,  and  pleas 
ing  melody,  wholly  different  from  Purcell  and  Handel,  whom  all 
English  composers  had  hitherto  pillaged  or  imitated.  Indeed,  the 
melody  of  Arne  at  this  time,  and  of  his  Vauxhall  songs  afterwards, 
forms  an  era  in  English  music ;  it  was  so  easy,  natural,  and  agree 
able  to  the  whole  kingdom,  that  it  had  an  effect  upon  our  national 
taste." — DR.  BURNEY. 

The  well-known  song  of  "  Rule  Britannia"  was  first  in 
troduced  in  Mallet's  masque  of  Alfred,  set  by  Arne  in  1740. 

"  The  general  melody  of  our  countryman,  if  analyzed,  would 
perhaps  appear  to  be  neither  Italian  nor  English,  but  an  agreeable 
mixture  of  Italian,  English,  and  Scots.  .  .  .  From  the  death  of 
Purcell  to  that  of  Arne — a  period  of  more  than  fourscore  years — 
no  candidate  for  musical  fame  among  our  countrymen  had  appeared, 
who  was  equally  admired  by  the  nation  at  large." — DR.  BURNEY. 

Arnett,  J.  A.  An  Inquiry  into  the  Nature  and  Form 
of  the  Books  of  the  Ancients  j  with  a  History  of  the  Art 
of  Bookbinding,  Lon.,  1837. 

Arnold,  A.  C.  L.    History  of  Free  Masonry,  1854. 

Arnold,  C.  Poetical  Essays:  Distress,  1751.  The 
Mirror,  1755.  Bookbinders'  School  of  Design,  4to. 

Arnold,  C.  H.   Hist,  of  N.  and  S.  America,  &c.,  1782. 

Arnold,  Edmund.     Sermons,  1740-45. 

Arnold,  Edwin,  M.A.  1.  Poems,  Narrative  and 
Lyrical,  Lon.,  12mo.  2.  Griselda,  a  Tragedy;  and  other 
Poems,  1856,  fp.  8vo.  3.  The  Wreck  of  the  Northern  Belle, 
1857,  8vo. 

Arnold,  Fred.,  Curate  of  St.  Mary  de  Crypt,  Glou 
cester.  Sermons,  Lon.,  1840. 

Arnold,  John.  Works  upon  Chronometers,  Lon., 
1780-82. 

Arnold,  Josiah  Lynden,  1768-1796,  of  Providence, 
Rhode  Island,  was  the  author  of  some  poetical  essays. 

Arnold,  Matthew,  a  son  of  Dr.  Thomas  Arnold, 
of  Rugby,  b.  Dec.  24,  1822,  at  Satcham,  near  Staines, 
Middlesex,  England,  educated  at  Winchester,  Rugby,  and 
Oxford,  and  elected  a  Fellow  of  Oriel  College  in  1845.  In 
1847  he  became  private  secretary  to  Lord  Lansdowne, 
and  he  retained  that  position  until  his  marriage  in  1851, 
when  he  was  appointed  to  the  post  which  he  now  occu 
pies, — Lay  Inspector  of  Schools  under  the  Committee  of 
the  Council  of  Education.  He  was  elected  Prof,  of  Poetry 
in  Univ.  of  Oxford,  1857.  1.  The  Strayed  Reveller,  and 
other  Poems,  by  A.,  Lon.,  1848.  Commended  in  the  Lon 
don  Athenaeum,  1848,  982.  2.  Empedocles  on  Etna,  and 
other  Poems,  1853.  3.  Poems,  June,  1854.  4.  Poems; 
2d  Scries,  Dec.  1854,  Bust.,  1856;  1st  Series,  3d  ed.,  1857. 

"For  combined  culture  and  fine  natural  feeling  in  the  matter  of 
versification.  Mr.  Arnold  has  no  living  superior.  Though  some 
times  slovenly  in  the  versification  of  his  smaller  poems,  when  he 
is  put  upon  his  mettle  by  a  particular  affection  for  his  subject,  he 
manages  the  most  '  irregular'  and  difficult  metres  with  admirable 
skill  and  feeling."— Edin.  Rev.,  Oct.  1856,  q.  v. 

4.  Merope;  a  Tragedy,  fp.  8vo.  See  Lon.  Athen,  No. 
1575,  Jan.  2,  1858. 

"His  narrative  poems  are  better  than  his  lyric.  In  more  than 
one  of  the  latter  he  has  aimed  at  a  simplicity  which,  on  proof, 
turns  out  to  be  puerility." — Lon.  Athen.,  1854,  305. 

Arnold,  R.  Writing,  Arithmetic,  and  Mathematics 
1792. 

Arnold,  or  Arnolde,  Richard,  an  ancient  English 
chronicler,  compiler  of  a  work,  the  first  edition  of  which 
is  very  rare :  The  Names  of  the  Balyfs,  Custos,  Mayres, 
and  Sherefs  of  ye  Cite  of  London  from  the  Tyme  of  Kynge 
Richard  the  first,  <fec.,  (1502?)  This  book  is  commonly 
called  Arnold's  Chronicle.  The  second  edition,  published 
circa  1521,  is  also  of  rare  occurrence;  a  copy  sold  at  the 
sale  of  George  Mason's  library,  in  1798,  for  £15  15s.  6d.  The 
basis  of  the  Chronicle  is  supposed  to  be  the  MS.  in  the 
town-clerk's  office,  (London,)  known  as  the  Liber  de  Anti- 
quis  Legibus.  An  edition  was  published  in  1811,  (London,) 
with  introductory  matter  entitled,  The  Customs  of  London, 
otherwise  called  Arnold's  Chronicle.  See  this  preface,  by 


ARN 

that  eminent  antiquary,  Francis  Douce,  for  a  discussion  as 
to  the  origin  of  the  celebrated  poem,  The  Not-Brown  (Nut- 
Brown)  Mayde,  (which  appeared  first  in  Arnold's  Chroni 
cle,)  modernized  by  Prior  into  the  ballad  of  Henry  and 
Emma. 

"This  is  perhaps  the  most  heterogeneous  and  multifarious  mis 
cellany  that  ever  existed.  The  collector  sets  out  with  a  catalogue 
of  the  mayors  and  sheriffs,  the  customs  and  charter  of  the  city  of 
London.  Soon  afterwards  we  have  receipts  to  pickle  sturgeon,  to 
make  vinegar,  ink,  and  gunpowder ;  how  to  raise  parsley  in  an 
hour;  the  arts  of  brewery  and  soap-making;  an  estimate  of  the 
livings  in  London;  an  account  of  the  last  visitation  of  Saint  Mag 
nus's  Church;  the  weight  of  Essex  cheese ;  and  a  letter  to  Cardinal 
Wolsey.  The  NotrBrown  Mayde  is  introduced  between  an  estimate 
of  some  subsidies  paid  into  the  exchequer,  and  directions  for  buy 
ing  goods  in  Flanders." — Warton's  History  of  English  Poetry. 

For  a  further  description  of  this  work,  see  Herbert's 
Ames's  Typ.  Antiq.,  the  Censura  Literaria,  and  especially 
the  table  of  contents  of  this  curious  olla  podridain  Oldys's 
British  Librarian,  p.  22. 

"  Arnolde  was  a  citizen  of  London,  who,  being  inflamed  with 
the  fervente  love  of  good  learninge,  travailed  very  studiously 
therein,  and  principally  in  observing  matters  worthy  to  be  remem 
bered  of  the  posteritye;  he  noted  the  charters,  liberties,  lawes. 
constitutions,  and  customes  of  the  citie  of  London." — STOWE. 

"  Arnolde  of  London  wrote  certayne  collections  touching  histo 
rical  matters." — HOLIXSHED. 

He  is  supposed  to  have  died  circa  1521. 

Arnold,  Samuel,  1740-1802,  a  celebrated  musical 
composer,  son  of  Baron  Arnold.  His  published  works  are 
very  considerable  in  number,  viz : 

"  4  oratorios,  8  odes,  3  serenatas,  47  operas,  3  burlettas,  besides 
overtures,  concertos,  and  many  smaller  pieces." — WATT. 

His  most  famous  oratorio  was  that  of  the  Prodigal  Son. 

"  His  oratorios  are  not  unworthy  of  the  disciple  of  so  great  a 
master  as  Handel." — Rees's  Cyclopedia. 

At  the  particular  request  of  Geo.  III.,  he  superintended 
the  pub.  of  a  magnificent  edition  of  all  the  works  of  Han 
del,  in  score,  of  which  he  completed  36  folio  volumes. 

Arnold,  Samuel  J.,  son  of  the  above,  pub.  a  num 
ber  of  dramatic  pieces.  We  find  12  credited  to  him  in  the 
Biog.  Dram.:  1.  Auld  Robin  Gray,  1794.  2.  Who  Pays 
the  Reckoning?  1795.  3.  Shipwreck,  1796.  4.  Irish  Le 
gacy,  1797.  5.  Veteran  Tar,  1801.  6.  Foul  Deeds  will 
Rise,  1804.  7.  Prior  Claim,  (in  conj.  with  Mr.  Pye,)  1805. 
8.  Up  all  Night,  1809,  N.  P.  9.  Britain's  Jubilee,  1809, 
N.  P.  10.  Man  and  Wife,  1809.  11.  The  Maniac,  1810, 
N.  P.  12.  Plots,  1810,  N.  P.  He  died  Aug.  16,  1582.  As 
manager  of  a  theatre  in  London,  he  produced  Von  Weber's 
opera  of  Der  Freischutz,  in  1824. 

Arnold,  Stuart  A.  Merchant's  and  Seaman's  Manuals, 
Lon.,  1778. 

Arnold,  T.  J.  Reports  of  Cases  C.  Pleas,  <tc.,  Lon., 
1840;  do.  of  Controverted  Elections  before  Com.  of  II. 
Commons,  &c. 

"These  reports  are  in  continuation  of  those  of  Messrs.  Baron 
and  Austin,  Falconer  and  Fitzherbert,  Knapp  and  Ornbler,  Perry 
and  Knapp,  and  Cockburn  and  Howe." — Marvin's  Legal  Bill. 

Manual  of  the  Law,  with  regard  to  Public  Meetings  and 
Political  Societies,  12mo,  Lou.,  1833. 

Arnold,  Thomas.     Sermon  on  Dan.  vi.  10,  1660. 

Arnold,  Thomas,  M.D.,  d.  1816,  of  Leicester,  pub.  a 
number  of  professional  works.  Edin.  and  Lon.,  1766-1809. 
Observations  on  the  Nature,  Kinds,  Causes,  and  Prevention 
of  Insanity,  Lon.,  1800,  2  vols. 

"A  very  entertaining  work,  containing  the  opinions  both  of 
ancients  and  moderns  upon  this  subject,  illustrated  by  a  variety 
of  curious  facts." — LOWNDES. 

The  first  edition  was  pub.  1782-86. 

Arnold,  Thomas,  D.D.,  1795-1842,  head  master  of 
Rugby  School,  from  1827  till  his  death,  and  successor  of 
Dr.  Nares  (in  1841)  as  Regius  Professor  of  Modern  History 
in  the  University  of  Oxford,  was  one  of  the  brightest  orna 
ments  of  his  age.  He  was  educated  at  Winchester  School, 
and  from  thence  went,  in  1811,  to  Corpus  Christi  College, 
Oxf.,  where  he  took  a  first  class  in  Classics,  in  Easter  term, 
181 4.  In  the  next  year  he  gained  the  prize  for  an  English 
Essay,  and  in  1817,  being  then  a  Fellow  of  Oriel  College, 
he  gained  the  Latin  Essay.  The  principal  works  of  Dr. 
Arnold  are  his  History  of  Rome,  (unfinished;)  The  Later 
Roman  Commonwealth ;  Lectures  on  Modern  History;  and 
Sermons,  in  3  volumes.  He  published  an  edition  of  Thu- 
cydides,  which  has  been  highly  commended,  as  an  evidence 
of  ripe  scholarship  and  critical  acumen.  As  a  teacher,  he 
laboured  to  instil  into  the  minds  of  his  scholars  those  re 
ligious  principles,  founded  upon  a  just  sense  of  responsi 
bility  to  God  and  to  society,  which  so  eminently  shone  forth 
in  his  own  "  walk  and  conversation." 

"  He  will  strike  those  who  study  him  more  closely  as  a  complete 
character — complete  in  its  union  of  moral  and  intellectual  gifts, 
and  in  the  steady  growth  and  development  of  both:  for  his  great- 
70 


ARN 

ness  did  not  consist  in  the  pre-eminence  of  any  single  quality,  but 
in  several  remarkable  powers,  thoroughly  leavened  and  pervaded 
by  an  ever-increasing  moral  nobleness." — Lon.  Quarterly  Rev., 
Ixxiv.  507. 

The  Edinburgh  Review,  comparing  Arnold  to  Milton, 
remarks  : 

"  There  is  the  same  purity  and  directness  about  them  both :  the 
same  predominance  of  the  graver,  not  to  say,  sterner,  elements ; 
the  same  confidence,  vehemence,  and  elevation.  They  both  sc 
lived  in  their  '  great  Task-Master's  eye'  as  to  verify  Bacon's  obser 
vation,  in  his  Essay  on  Atheism,  'made  themselves  of  kin  to  God 
in  spirit,  and  raised  their  nature  by  means  of  a  higher  nature  than 
their  own.'" 

"  As  a  writer,  Dr.  Arnold  was  remarkable  for  vigorous  thought, 
clearness  of  expression,  and  purity  of  style.  His  edition  of  Thu- 
cydides,  and  his  (unfinished)  History  of  Home,  are  works  which 
will  always  hold  a  high  place  in  our  literature."— Lon.  Gtnt.  Mag., 
August,  1852. 

"His  correspondence  is  the  best  record  of  his  life  and  affords 
the  most  vivid  representation  of  his  character.  It  presents  us  with 
the  progressive  development  of  his  mind  and  views  till  the  one 
reaches  the  vigour  and  the  other  the  comprehensiveness  for  which 
at  length  they  became  distinguished.  He  combined  the  intellectual 
and  the  moral  in  a  degree  and  with  a  harmony  rarely  found. 
The  most  strongly-marked  feature  of  his  intellect  was  the  strength 
and  clearness  of  his  conceptions.  It  seemed  the  possession  of  an 
inward  light  so  intense  that  it  penetrated  on  the  instant  every 
subject  laid  before  him,  and  enabled  him  to  grasp  it  with  the 
vividness  of  sense  and  the  force  of  reality.  Hence,  what  was  said 
of  his  religious  impressions  may  be  used  to  characterize  his  intel 
lectual  operations:  'he  knew  what  others  only  believed;  he  saw 
what  others  only  talked  about.'  Hence  also,  perhaps,  arose  in  a  great 
measure  the  vehemence  with  which  he  opposed  views  and  notions 
contrary  to  his  own." — Knight's  Eng.  Cyc.,  Biog.,  vol.  i. 

See  Arnold's  Life  and  Correspondence  by  Stanley;  also 
Tom  Brown's  School-Days  at  Rugby,  Lon.  and  Bost,  1857, 
12mo. 

Arnold,  Thos.  Kerchever,  d.  March  9,  1853,  "has 
acquired  a  very  wide-spread  reputation  as  the  author  and 
editor  of  a  whole  library  of  books  adapted  for  educational 
purposes."  His  publications  consist  principally  of  school 
manuals  of  the  Latin,  Greek,  French,  and  German  lan 
guages.  See  London  Catalogue  for  a  list  of  45  different 
works. 

Arnold,  W.  D.,  son  of  Dr.  Thomas  and  brother  of 
Matthew  Arnold,  an  officer  in  the  British  army.  Oak- 
field,  or  Fellowship  in  the  East;  a  Novel,  p.  Svo,  2  vols. 

"This  work  is  intended  to  represent  the  trials  of  a  young  officer 
who  is  determined  to  act  up  to  Christian  principles  in  a  British 
regiment  stationed  in  India." 

Arnot,  C.  A.     Letter  respecting  Bank  of  Eng.,  1818. 

Arnot,  Hugo,  pub.  a  number  of  works,  Edin.  and 

Lon.,  1777-85.     Collection  and  abridgment  of  celebrated 

Trials  in  Scotland,  from  1 536  to  1784,  with  Historical  and 

Critical  Remarks,  Edin.,  1785.     History  of   Edinburgh, 

from  the  earliest  accounts  to  the  present  time.    Edin.,  1789. 

"  A  useful  and  entertaining  work." 

Arnot,  Hugo.     Address  to  the  British  Nation,  1812. 
Letters  to  the  County  of  Fife  Freeholders,  1812. 
Arnot,  J.,  Surgeon.    Profess.  Works,  Edin.,  1800-16. 
Arnot,  Thos.,  Surgeon.  Con.  to  Ed.  Med.  Ess.  1736. 
Arnot,  W.     Harmony  of  Law  and  Gospel,  1786. 
Arnot,  W.     Race  for  Riches,  Glasgow,  1851 ;  repub. 
Phila.,  1852,  18mo. 

Arnott,  Neil,  M.D.,  b.  1788,  at  Dysart,  near  Mont- 
rose,   Scotland.     He  and  Lord  Byron  were  fellow-pupils 
at  the  Grammar-School  of  Aberdeen  in  1797.     In  1801  he 
gained  the  first  prize  of  his  class  and  entered  the  Uni 
versity  ;  took  the  degree  of  M.A.  in  1806,  and  pursued  his 
professional  studies  under  Sir  Everhard  Home,  Surgeon  of 
St.  George's  Hospital,  London.     1.  Elements  of  Physics; 
or,  Natural  Philosophy,  General  and  Medical,  Explained 
j  in  Plain  or  Non-Technical  Language,  1827. 
!      "Of  this  work,  five  editions,  amounting  to  10,000  copies,  were 
i  called  for  within  six  years,  and  it  was  translated  into  all  European 
I  languages  except  Italian.    The  author  published  originally  the 
•  first  half-volume,  and  he  had  become  so  occupied  professionally 
1  that  the  chapters  on  Light  and  Heat  were  ready  only  fir-  the  third 
!  edition.    The  two  remaining  chapters,  on  Electricity  and  Astro- 
!  nomy,  had  to  wait  until  still  further  leisure." 

A  new  and  enlarged  edition  of  this  work  is  now  (1857) 
i  in  course  of  preparation,  2  vols.  Svo.     2.  Essay  on  Warm- 
|  ing  and  Ventilating,  1838.     3.  Smokeless  Fireplace,  Svo, 
1855. 

i      Arnould,  Joseph.     Law  of  Marine  Insurance  and 
!  Average,  Lon.,  1848,  2  vols.  roy.  Svo. ;  edited  with  addits. 
i  by  J.  C.  Perkins,  Boston,  1850,  2  vols.  roy.  Svo. 
I      "The  student  will  here  find,  within  a  convenient  compass,  the 
j  learning  of  the  Continental  jurist;  the  just  and  politic  judgments 
i  of  the  first  intellects  of  England,  in  Westminster  Hall,  and  the 
j  clear  and  satisfactory  determinations  of  the  American  commercial 
tribunal  and  judges,  at  once  eminently  scientific  and  practical." — 
American  Laio  Journal. 
Arnulph.     See  ERNULPH. 
Arnway,  John,  of  St.  Edmund's  Hall,  Oxf.,  a  zealoua 


ART 

supporter  of  K.  Charles  I.  He  was  the  author  of  The  Tablet, 
or  Moderation  of  Chas.  I.,  Martyr,  Hague,  1650.  Alarum 
to  the  Subjects  of  England.  He  died  in  Virginia. 

"  He  had  quitted  a  large  fortune  to  serve  his  Prince,  and  there 
fore  was  plundered  by  the  Rebels,  and  lost  his  Books  and  Papers, 
which  he  could  never  recover." — Wood's  Athen.  Oxon. 

Arrowsmith.     The  Reformation.    A  Comedy. 

Arrowsmith,  Aaron,  1750-1823,  settled  in  London, 
1770.  1.  Large  Map  of  the  World  on  Mercator's  Projec 
tion,  1790.  2.  Map  of  the  World,  with  a  Companion  of 
Explanatory  Letter-Press,  1794.  3.  Map  of  the  Northern 
Regions  of  America.  4.  Map  of  Scotland,  1807.  5.  Me 
moir  relative  to  the  Construction  of  the  Map  of  Scotland, 
1809.  He  published  upwards  of  130  maps.  6.  His  Geo 
metrical  Projection  of  Maps  was  pub.  1825,  after  his  death. 

"Arrowsmith's  maps  obtained  a  high  reputation  throughout 
Europe  fur  their  distinctness,  the  result  of  good  engraving  and 
arrangement.  It  has  been  the  fashion  of  late  to  undervalue  his 
acquirements  as  a  geographer ;  but,  though  he  is  inferior  to  Berg- 
haus  and  some  other  map-makers  of  the  present  day,  he  was  supe 
rior  to  any  one  in  Europe  at  the  time  he  commenced  his  career." — 
Eng.  Cyc.,  vol.  i. 

The  School  Atlases  and  Skeleton  Maps  for  Eton  Col 
lege,  and  the  Manuals  of  Geography,  Ancient  and  Modern, 
by  Aaron  Arrowsmith,  are  the  works  of  his  son. 

Arrowsmith,  Ed.    Sundry-serm.,  pub.  Lon.,  1724-45. 

Arrowsmith,  John,  1602-1659,  an  eminent  Puritan 
divine,  educated  at  St.  John's  College  and  Catherine  Hall, 
Cambridge,  pub.  several  works  which  were  highly  esteemed. 

Armilla  Catechetica,  or  a  Chain  of  Principles  wherein  the  Chief 
Heads  of  the  Christian  Religion  are  Asserted  and  Improved,  Lon., 
1659.  "This  and  his  Tractica  Sacra  are  valuable  treatises." — 

BlCKERSTETH. 

Tractica  Sacra,  sive  de  Milite  Spiritual!  pugnate,  vin- 
oente,  et  triumphante  Dissertatio,  Cantab.,  1647. 

"  This  work  contains,  along  with  a  great  deal  of  controversy, 
some  ingenious  remarks  on  those  passages  of  Scripture  which  re 
late  to  the  spiritual  warfare.  The  author  was  a  man  of  learning 
and  genius,  and  maintained  a  highly  respectable  character  during 
the  difficult  times  in  which  he  lived.  He  wrote  a  work  on  part  of 
the  Gospel  of  John,  and  some  other  things,  which  rank  high  among 
the  puritanical  writings." — ORME. 

His  sweet  and  engaging  disposition,  Dr.  Salter  remarks, 
appears  through  all  the  sourness  and  severity  of  his  opi 
nions  in  his  Tractica  Sacra. 

"A  book  written  in  a  clear  style,  and  with  a  lively  fancy;  in 
which  he  displayed  at  once  much  weakness  and  stiffness,  but  withal 
great  reading."  A  contemporary  describes  him  as  "holy  and 
learned,  diligent,  zealous,  and  sincere,  doing  all  that  could  be  done 
with  a  weak  and  sickly  body." 

Dr.  Whichcote  also  speaks  of  him  with  high  respect,  and 
even  the  querulous  antiquary,  Cole,  (MS.  Athen.  Cantab, 
in  British  Museum,)  does  not  scruple  to  commend  Dr. 
Arrowsmith. 

Arrowsmith,  J.  P.  Art  of  instructing  the  Infant 
Deaf  and  Dumb. 

"  In  this  interesting  little  volume,  the  plan  of  the  celebrated 
Abbe  de  1'Epee  is  reprinted." — LOWNDES. 

Arrowsmith,  R.  G.  Doubts  upon  the  reasoning  of 
Dr.  Paley  relative  to,  and  observations  upon,  the  Criminal 
Law,  Lon.,  1811. 

Arscott,  Alex.    Upon  the  Christian  Religion.    Lon., 

Arthington,  Henry.  Theolog.  Works,  Lon.,  1592- 
94.  See  Weever's  Funeral  Monuments.  '  , 

Arthur,  Archibald,  1744-1797,  was  Professor  of 
Moral  Philosophy  in  the  University  of  Glasgow.  Dis 
courses  on  Theolog.  and  Literary  Subjects,  <fcc.,  (pub.  by 
Prof.  Wm.  Richardson,)  1803.— See  Edin.  Review,  vol.  iv. 
168. 

Arthur,  Ed.     Sermons  on  various  subjects,  1783. 

Arthur,  Jas.,  d.  1670,  at  Lisbon,  pub.  a  Commentary 
in  Latin,  on  the  works  of  St.  Thomas  Aquinas,  two  vols. 
folio. 

^It  is  said  that  he  had  ten  volumes  more  in  preparation  on  the 

Arthur,  M.  Exposition,  Critical,  Doctrinal,  and  Prac 
tical,  of  the  Assembly's  Shorter  Catechism,  vol.  i.  1789. 

Arthur,  T.  S.,  of  Philadelphia,  born  in  1809,  near 
Newburgh,  Orange  county,  New  York,  is  a  voluminous 
and  highly  popular  writer. 

We  subjoin  a  list  of  a  portion  of  his  works.  1.  Sketches 
of  Life  and  Character,  8vo,  pp.  420.  2.  Lights  and  Sha 
dows  of  Real  Life,  8vo,  pp.  500.  3.  Leaves  from  the  Book 
of  Human  Life,  12mo.  4.  Golden  Grains  from  Life's 
Harvest-Field,  12 mo.  5.  The  Loftons  and  the  Pinker- 
tons,  12mo.  6.  Heart-Histories  and  Life-Pictures.  7 
Tales  for  Rich  and  Poor,  6  vols.  18mo.  8.  Library  for 
the  Household,  12  vols.  18mo.  9.  Arthur's  Juvenile 
Library,  12  vols.  16mo.  10.  Cottage  Library,  6  vols. 
18mo.  11.  Ten  Nights  in  a  Bar-Room,  12mo.  12  Six 


ARV 

Nights  with  the  Washingtonians,  18mo.  13.  Advice  to 
Young  Men,  18mo.  14.  Advice  to  Young  Ladies,  18mo. 
15.  Maiden,  Wife,  and  Mother,  3  vols.  18mo.  16.  Tales 
of  Married  Life,  3  vols.  18mo.  17.  Stories  of  Domestic 
Life,  3  vols.  ISmo.  18.  Tales  from  Real  Life,  3  vols. 
ISmo.  19.  Tired  of  Housekeeping,  ISmo.  20.  True 
Riches;  or,  Wealth  without  Wings,  12mo.  21.  The  Hand 
but  not  the  Heart,  12mo. 

"  Mr.  Arthur  writes  very  unexceptionable  tales,  illustrative  of 
American  and  domestic  life  and  adapted  to  the  capacities  of  the 
young  and  uneducated  classes.  All  bis  stories  inculcate  a  moral ; 
and  some  of  them  are  pleasing  specimens  of  invention,  and  very 
true  reflections  of  manners  in  the  sphere  for  which  they  are  de 
signed."— N.  Y.  Literary  World. 

22.  The  Good  Time  Coming,  Phila.,  1855,  12mo. 

"Mr.  Arthur's  writings,  though  not  of  a  very  high  order,  have 
yet  generally  had  a  certain  genial  character  and  domestic  tone 
which  have  given  them  a  wide  circulation.  The  new  volume  be 
fore  us,  however,  is  calculated  to  be  very  mischievous.  Tha 
author  verges  on  Spiritualism,  Swedenborgianism,  and  Reichuti- 
bachism,  if  not  actually  engulfed."— 2V.  Y.  Criterion. 

In  connection  with  W.  H.  Carpenter,  a  series  of  his 
tories  of  the  several  States  of  the  Union,  prepared  with 
care,  and  well  adapted  to  district,  school,  and  other 
libraries.  23.  Steps  towards  Heaven,  N.Y.,  1858,  12ino. 
Upwards  of  20  novels  in  cheap  form. 

"  In  the  princely  mansions  of  the  Atlantic  merchants  and  in  the 
rude  log  cabins  of  the  backwoodsman  the  name  of  Arthur  is 
equally  known  and  cherished  as  the  friend  of  virtue." — Graham's 
Mag. 

"The  most  popular  of  all  our  American  writers  on  domestic 
subjects." — Godey's  Lady's  Book. 

A  large  number  of  Mr.  Arthur's  works  have  been  re- 
published  in  London. 

Artis,  Edmund  Tyrrell.  Antediluvian  Phytology, 
illustrated  by  the  Fossil  Remains  of  Plants  peculiar  to 
Coal  Formations,  Lon.,  1825,  r.  4to,  plates.  They  have 
since  been  incorporated  in  Mantell's  Pictorial  Atlas,  1850. 

Arthy,  Elliott.  Seamen's  Medical  Advocate,  Lon., 
1798. 

Arundale,  F.  Picturesque  Tour  through  Jerusalem, 
Mount  Sinai,  and  the  Holy  Land,  with  maps,  and  21 
plates,  Lon.,  1837. 

Arundel,  Countess  of,  Anne,  d.  1630,  married 
Philip,  Earl  of  Arundel,  who  died  in  the  Tower,  Nov., 
1595.  Mr.  Lodge  has  rescued  from  oblivion  an  interest 
ing  copy  of  verses  by  her,  produced,  he  thinks,  by  the 

"  Melancholy  exit  of  her  lord,  which  abound  with  the  imperfect 
beauties,  as  well  as  with  the  common  errors,  of  a  strong,  but  un 
taught,  poetical  fancy."— Illus.  of  Brit.  History,  vol.  iii.,  p.  359 : 
Brydges'sMem.,p.n3;  Park's  Walpole's  R.  <&  N.  Authors. 

Arundel,  Countess  of,  Mary,  married  first  to 
Robert  Ratcliffe,  Earl  of  Sussex,  and  afterwards  to  Henry 
Fitz-Alan,  Earl  of  Arundel.  She  translated  from  English 
into  Latin,  Sententias  et  praeclera  Facta  Alexandri  Severi, 
Imperatoris.  Extant  in  MS.  in  the  King's  Library.  De 
stirte  et  Familia  Alexandri  Severi,  et  de  Signis  quse  ei 
portendebant  Imperium. 

From  Greek  into  Latin,  Selectas  Sententias  septem  Sa- 
pientum  Graecorum.  Similitudines  ex  Platonis,  Aristo- 
telis,  Senecae,  et  aliorum  Philosophorum  Libris  collectas. 
Dedicated  to  her  father. 

"  Learning  had  now  taken  a  considerable  flight  since  the  days 
of  Edward  the  Fourth.  Sir  Thomas  More  mentions  it  as  very  ex 
traordinary  that  Jane  Shore  could  read  and  write." — Park's  Wal 
pole's  R.  <&  2V.  Authors. 

Arundel  and  Surrey,  Countess  of,  Althea 
Talbot.  Nature  embowelled;  her  choicest  secrets  di 
gested  into  receipts,  whereunto  are  annexed  many  rare 
and  hitherto  unimparted  inventions,  Lon.,  1665,  with  por 
trait  by  Hollar. 

Arundel  of  Wardour,  Lord  Henry,  is  credited 
with  "  five  little  Meditations  in  verse"  in  A  Collection  of 
Eighty-six  loyal  Poems,  printed  in  1685.  These  Medita 
tions  are  said  to  have  been  written  whilst  his  lordship  was 
a  prisoner  in  the  Tower.  (Imprisoned  for  the  Popish 

Arundell,  F.  V.  J.  A  Visit  to  the  Seven  Churches 
in  Asia,  &c.,  Lon.,  1828.  Discoveries  in  Asia  Minor,  Ac., 
Lon.,  1834.  This  latter  work  is  illustrated  by  references 
to  the  preceding. 

"  As  far  as  he  has  been  able  to  explore  the  land,  Mr.  Arundell's 
inquiries  and  discoveries  are  well  deserving  of  attention." — Lite 
rary  Gazette. 

Arundell,  J.  Sermon  on  death  of  Rev.  E.  Williams, 
1813. 

Arvine,  Kazlitt.  Cyclopaedia  of  Anecdotes  of  Lite 
rature  and  Fine  Arts.  Containing  a  copious  and  choice 
selection  of  anecdotes  of  the  various  forms  of  literature, 
of  the  arts  of  architecture,  engravings,  music,  poetry, 
painting  and  sculpture,  and  of  the  most  celebrated  literary 
characters  and  artists  of  different  countries  and  ages,  <fec. 


ARW 


ASC 


With  numerous  illustrations.  725  pp.  octavo.  Boston,  1854. 
Cyclopaedia  of  Moral  and  Religious  Anecdotes,  of  which 
several  edits,  have  been  pub.  in  Lon.,  8vo,  and  N.  Y.,  8vo. 

Arwarker,  E.  Theolog.  and  other  works,  Lon.. 
1686-1708. 

Ascham,  or  Askam,  Anthony,  a  physician  and 
ecclesiastic,  was  the  author  of  A  lytel  Treatyse  of  Astro 
nomy,  Lon.,  1552,  which  ran  through  many  editions. 

"  It  is  a  very  poorly-written  tract,  and  scarcely  deserves  a  notice 
in  the  real  history  of  English  science." 

A  Little  Herbal  of  the  Properties  of  Herbes,  Lon.,  1550. 
Ascham,  Anthony,  murdered  1650,  at  Madrid,  by 
six  English  Royalists,  was  the  author  of  a  work  entitled 
Of  the  Confusion  and  Revolutions  of  Government,  Ac., 
Lon.,  1648.  Bishop  Sanderson  wrote  a  censure  of  this 
work. 

Ascham,  Roger,  15157-1568,  was  born  at  Kirby- 
Wiske,  a  village  near  Northallerton,  in  Yorkshire.  In 
1530,  he  entered  St.  John's  Coll.,  Cambridge,  where  he 
displayed  great  aptness  in  acquiring  the  Greek  and  Latin 
languages.  Dr.  Metcalf,  the  master,  he  informs  us,  was 
"a  man  meanly  learned  himself,  but  not  meanly  affec- 
tioned  to  set  forward  learning  in  others,  and  I  lacked  not 
his  favour  to  further  me  in  learning."  In  the  18th  year 
of  his  age  he  was  chosen  Fellow  of  his  college.  In  1544 
he  succeeded  Sir  John  Cheke  as  public  orator  of  the  Uni 
versity  of  Cambridge,  and  was  made  by  King  Edward  VI. 
his  secretary  for  the  Latin  tongue.  In  the  controversy 
concerning  the  right  pronunciation  of  the  Greek  language, 
Ascham  opposed  the  method  introduced  by  Sir  Thomas 
Smith  and  Sir  John  Cheke,  but  afterwards  espoused  their 
opinion  and  practice.  "  It  is  probable  that  it  is  in  part 
owing  to  the  ingenuity  with  which  he  defended  it,  (see  his 
letter  to  Hubertus  Languetus,)  that  this  mode  of  pronun 
ciation  was  generally  adopted,  and  has  since  prevailed  in 
the  schools  of  England."  In  1548,  the  Princess  Elizabeth 
called  Ascham  from  his  college  to  direct  her  studies.  He 
instructed  his  pupil  in  the  learned  languages  with  great 
diligence  and  success  for  two  years,  during  which  time  he 
read  with  her  the  greater  part  of  Cicero  and  Livy,  the  se 
lect  orations  of  Socrates,  the  plays  of  Sophocles,  and  the 
Greek  Testament. 

In  1550,  he  travelled  for  three  years  on  the  Continent, 
as  secretary  to  Sir  Richard  Morysine,  who  was  appointed 
ambassador  to  the  Emperor  Charles  V.  Who  that  has 
ever  perused  it  can  forget  his  deeply-interesting  descrip 
tion  of  his  visit,  before  his  departure,  to  Lady  Jane  Grey  ? 
The  place  at  which  she  then  resided  was  her  father's  seat 
at  Broadgate,  in  Leicestershire.  Ascham  found  that  the 
hall  was  deserted :  the  family  were  engaged  in  hunting  in 
the  park,  and  he  discovered,  after  some  search,  Lady 
Jane,  then  in  her  14th  year,  in  her  apartment,  deeply  im 
mersed  in  the  Phaedo  of  Plato !  "  with  as  much  delight 
as  some  gentlemen  would  read  a  merry  tale  in  Boccace.' 
The  worthy  Ascham,  however  delighted  at  such  devotion 
to  the  studies  he  was  himself  so  much  in  love  with,  could 
not  coaceal  his  surprise  at  the  choice  of  this  very  young 
lady.  After  the  first  compliments,  he  asked  her  why  she 
"  lost  such  pastime  as  there  must  needs  be  in  the  park  ?" 
At  which,  smiling,  she  answered,  "  I  wist  all  their  sport  is 
but  a  shadow  to  that  pleasure  that  I  find  in  Plato.  Alas 
folk!  they  never  felt  what  true  pleasure  meant!' 
_  is  "  naturally  leading  him  to  inquire  how  a  child  of  her 
age  had  attained  to  such  a  depth  of  pleasure  both  in  the 
Platonic  language  and  philosophy,"  she  made  him  (Mr. 
Ascham  himself  tells  us)  the  following  remarkable  reply : 
"  I  will  tell  you,"  quoth  she,  "  and  tell  you  truth,  which 
perchance,  you  will  marvel  at.  One  of  the  greatest  bene 
fits  which  ever  God  gave  me,  is  that  be  sent  so  sharp  anc" 
severe  parents,  and  so  gentle  a  schoolmaster.  For  wher 
I  am  in  presence  either  of  father  or  mother,  whether  ] 
speak,  keep  silence,  sit,  stand  or  go ;  eat,  drink,  be  merry, 
or  sad ;  be  sewing,  playing,  dancing,  or  doing  any  thing 
else,  I  must  do  it,  as  it  were,  in  such  weight,  measure 
and  number,  and  even  so  perfectly,  as  God  marie  the 
world,  or  else  I  am  so  sharply  taunted,  so  cruelly  threat 
ened,  yea,  presently,  sometimes  with  pinches,  nips,  am 
bobs,  (or  other  ways,  which  I  will  not  name,  for  the  honou 
I*bear  them,)  so  without  measure  disordered,  that  I  think 
myself  in  hell,  till  time  come  that  I  must  go  to  Mr.  El 
mer,  who  teacheth  me  so  gently,  so  pleasantly,  with  fai 
allurements  to  learning,  that  I  think  all  the  time  nothing 
while  I  am  with  him ;  and  when  I  am  called  from  him,  ] 
fall  a-weeping,  because  whatsoever  I  do  else  but  learning 
is  full  of  grief,  trouble,  fear,  and  wholly  misliking  untc 
me ;  and  this  my  book  hath  been  so  much  my  pleasure 
and  bringeth  daily  to  me  more  pleasure,  and  more  yet 
72 


n  respect  to  it,  all  other  pleasures,  in  very  deed,  be  but 
rifles  and  troubles  unto  me  !" — Ascham' 8  Schoolmaster. 
Ascham  dwells  with  great  pleasure  upon  this  interview  in 
n  epistle  to  his  friend  Sturmius.  This  learned  young 
ady  promised  to  write  him  a  letter  in  Greek  upon  condi- 
ion  of  his  sending  her  one  first  from  the  emperor's  court. 
n  a  letter  to  Lady  Jane,  he  assures  her  that,  among  all 
he  agreeable  varieties  which  he  had  met  with  in  his  tra- 
rels  abroad,  nothing  had  occurred  to  raise  his  admiration 
ke  that  incident  in  the  preceding  summer,  when  he  found 
er,  a  young  maiden,  by  birth  so  noble,  in  the  absence  of 
icr  tutor,  and  in  the  sumptuous  house  of  her  most  nobk 
ather,  at  a  time,  too,  when  all  the  rest  of  the  family, 
oth  male  and  female,  were  regaling  themselves  with  the 
leasures  of  the  chase — "  I  found,"  continues  he,  "  0  Ju- 
_  >iter  and  all  ye  gods !  I  found,  I  say,  the  divine  virgin 
diligently  studying  the  divine  Phaedo  in  the  original 
Greek.  Happier  certainly  in  this  respect  than  in  being 
descended,  both  on  the  father  and  mother's  side,  from 
kings  and  queens."  On  the  accession  of  Queen  Mary,  he 
was  appointed  Latin  secretary  to  her  Majesty,  the  same 
)ost  which  he  held  formerly  under  Edward  VI.,  and,  sub 
sequently,  under  Elizabeth.  No  better  proof  is  needed  of 
lis  facility  in  Latin  composition.  Of  this  we  have  sum- 
lent  evidence  in  the  fact  that  in  three  days  he  wrote 
forty-seven  despatches  to  foreign  personages  of  the  highest 
rank,  on  the  subject  of  electing  Cardinal  Pole  to  the 
sapal  chair.  In  1554,  he  resigned  his  Fellowship,  and 
narried  Miss  Margaret  Howe,  a  young  lady  of  good 
amily. 

His  last  illness  has  been  ascribed  to  too  close  applica 
tion  to  the  composition  of  a  Latin  poem,  which  he  designed 
for  the  Queen  on  the  New- Year's  day  of  1569.     He  ex 
pired  on  the  30th  December,  1568,  "universally  lamented." 
Queen  Elizabeth  was  one  of  the  loudest  mourners,  and 
declared  that  she  would  "  rather  have  lost  ten  thousand 
pounds  than  her  tutor  Ascham."     He  was  interred  in  St. 
Sepulchre's  Church  ;  and  his  funeral  sermon  was  preached 
by  Dr.  Alex.  Nowel,  Dean  of  St.  Paul's.     Buchanan  drew 
a  character  of  his  friend  in  the  following  epigram : 
"  Aschamum  extinctum  patria?  Graecaque 
Et  Latitiae  vera  cum  pretate  dolent. 
Principibus  vixit  carus,  jucundus  amicis, 
Re  modica ;  in  mores  dicere  lama  nequit." 

Anthony  Wood  speaks  of  him  as  "  leaving  behind  him  this  cha 
racter  by  a  learned  person,  that  he  inter  primes  nostrre  nationis 
literas  Latinas  et  Grtecas,  stylique  puritatem  cum  eloquentiae 
laude  excoluit." 

"  He  had  a  facile  and  fluent  Latin  style,  (not  like  those  who, 
counting  obscurity  to  be  elegancy,  weed  out  all  the  hard  words 
they  meet  in  authors :)  witness  his  '  Epistles,'  which  some  say  are 
the  only  Latin  ones  extant  of  any  Englishman,  and  if  so.  the  more 
the  pity.  What  loads  have  we  of  letters  from  foreign  pens,  as  if  no 
author  were  complete  without  those  necessary  appurtenances! 
Whilst  surely  our  Englishmen  write  (though  not  so  many)  as 
good  as  any  other  nation.  In  a  word,  his  'Toxophilus'  is  ac 
counted  a  good  book  for  young  men,  his  '  Schoolmaster'  for  old 
men,  his  '  Epistles'  for  all  men."— Fuller's  Worthies. 

Ascham's  first  publication  (not  his  first  work)  was  elicited 
by  the  censure  with  which  some  meddlesome  people  thought 
proper  to  rebuke  his  love  of  archery.  It  is  entitled  "  Toxo 
philus;  the  School  and  Partitions  of  Shooting."  (1544.) 
The  author  embraced  the  opportunity  thus  presented  of 
teaching  to  his  countrymen  the  as  yet  undeveloped  riches 
of  their  native  tongue. 

"  He  designed  not  only  to  teach  the  art  of  shooting,  but  to  give 
an  example  of  diction  more  natural  and  more  truly  English  than 
was  used  by  the  common  writers  of  that  age,  whom  he  censures 
for  mingling  exotic  terms  with  their  native  language,  and  of  whom 
he  complains  that  they  were  made  authors,  not  by  skill  or  educa 
tion,  but  by  arrogance  and  temerity.  He  has  not  failed  in  either 
of  his  purposes."— DR.  JOHNSON. 

He  has  been  called  "The  Father  of  English  Prose." 
Certain  it  is  that  "previous  to  the  exertions  of  Ascham, 
very  few  writers  can  be  mentioned  as  affording  any  model 
for  English  style.  If  we  except  the  translation  of  Frois- 
sart  by  Bourchier,  Lord  Berners,  in  1520,  and  the  History 
of  Richard  III.,  by  Sir  Thomas  More,  certainly  composi 
tions  of  great  merit,  we  shall  find  it  difficult  to  produce  an 
author  of  much  value  for  his  vernacular  prose.  On  the 
contrary,  very  soon  after  the  appearance  of  the  'Toxo 
philus/  we  find  harmony  and  beauty  in  English  style  em 
phatically  praised  and  enjoined." — DR.  DRAKE. 

So  unfashionable  was  it  at  this  time  for  the  learned  to 
condescend  to  the  use  of  English,  that  Ascham  prefaces 
his  work  by  an  apology  for  writing  in  his  own  language, 
doubting  not  that  he  should  be  blamed  for 

'•  Writing  it  in  the  English  tongue.  ...  As  for  the  Latin  or 
Greek  tongue,  every  thing  is  so  excellently  done  in  them,  that 
none  can  do  better;  in  the  English  tongue,  contrary,  every  thing 
in  a  manner  so  meanly  both  for  the  matter  and  handling,  that  no 
man  can  do  worse.  ...  He  that  will  write  well  in  any  tongue 


ASC 

must  follow  this  counsel  of  Aristotle:  to  speak  as  the  common 
people  do,  to  think  as  wise  men  do:  as  so  should  every  man  un 
derstand  him,  and  the  judgment  of  wise  men  allow  him.' 

The  book  is  a  dialogue  supported  by  Philologus,  a  stu 
dent,  and  Toxophilus,  a  lover  of  archery.  We  have  a 
modification  of  the  practice  of  the  art,  the  regulations  which 
should  govern  it,  and  its  inestimable  advantages  for  va 
rious  purposes.  The  modest  archer,  with  true  humility, 
acknowledges  that  he  had  not  done  his  weighty  subject 
full  justice. 

Tox. :  "  This  communication  handled  of  me,  Philologe,  as  I  know 
well,  not  portitely,  yet,  as  I  suppose  trulye,  you  must  take  in  good 
worthe;  wherein,  if  divers  thinges  do  not  altogether  please  you, 
thancke  yourselfe,  which  would  rather  have  me  faulte  in  mere 
follve,  to  take  that  thinge  in  hand,  which  I  was  not  able  for  to 
perfourme,  than  by  any  shamefastnesse  with-saye  your  request  and 
minde,  which  I  know  well  1  have  not  satisfyed." 

The  enthusiastic  son  of  the  bow,  with  an  admirable 
stroke  of  policy,  lets  his  friend  understand  that  he  has  no 
desire  to  monopolize  "  The  seat  of  Gamaliel,"  but  he  will 
be  glad  "  to  occupy  the  place  of  the  unlearned,"  and  pro 
mises  to  be  a  patient  auditor  when  Philologe  shall  himself 
think  proper  to  "  hold  forth :" 

"  But  yet  I  will  thincke  this  labour  of  myne  the  better  bestowed, 
if  to-morrow,  or  some  other  day  when  you  have  leysure,  you  will 
spende  as  much  time  with  me  here  in  this  same  place,  in  entreat 
ing  the  question  de  arigine  animae,  and  the  joyning  of  it  with  the 
bodye,  that  I  maye  knowe  howe  farre  Plato,  Aristotle,  and  the 
Stycians  have  waded  in  it." 

The  worthy  Philologe  would  be  hard-hearted  indeed  not 
to  be  exceedingly  amiable  on  the  reception  of  so  delicate 
a  compliment  as  this ;  accordingly  he  replies,  with  evident 
complacency : 

"  How  you  have  handled  this  matter,  Toxophile,  I  may  not  well 
tell  you  myselfe  now,  but  for  your  gentlenesse  and  good-will  towards 
learniiige  and  shootinge,  I  will  be  content  to  shewe  you  anye  plea 
sure  whensoever  you  will ;  and  nowe  the  sunne  is  downe,  therefore, 
if  it  please  you,  we  will  go  home  and  drincke  in  my  chamber,  and 
then  1  will  tell  you  plainlye  what  I  thincke  of  this  communica 
tion,  and  also  what  daye  we  will  appointe,  at  your  request,  for  the 
other  matter  to  ujeete  here,  againe." 

"  The  Schole  Master,"  pub.  1571,  (colophon,  1573,)  was 
written  at  the  suggestion  of  Sir  Richard  Sackville.  The  title 
of  this  excellent  work  is  the  best  indication  of  its  object. 
"  The  Schole  Master,  or  plaine  and  perfite  way  of  teaching  chil 
dren  to  understand,  write,  and  speak,  the  Latin  Tonge,  but  spe 
cially  purposed  for  the  private  bringing  up  of  Youth  in  lentlemen 
and  Noblemen's  houses,  and  commodious  also  for  all  such  as  have 
forgot  the  Latin  Tonge,  and  would,  by  themselves,  without  a 
schole  master,  in  short  time,  and  with  small  paines,  recouer  a  suf 
ficient  habilitie  to  understand,  write,  and  speak  Latin.  At  Lon 
don,  printed  by  John  Daye.  dwelling  over  Aldersgate,  Lon.,  1571." 
"  A  book  that  will  be  always  useful,  and  everlastingly  esteemed 
on  account  of  the  good  sense,  judicious  observations,  excellent  cha 
racters  of  ancient  authors,  and  many  pleasant  and  profitable  pas 
sages  of  English  history  ,which  are  plentifully  strewed  therein." — 
DR.  CAMPBELL. 

"  Perhaps  the  best  advice  that  ever  was  given  for  the  study  of 
languages." — DR.  JOHNSON. 

"  A  more  interesting  and  judicious  treatise  has  not  appeared 
upon  the  subject  in  any  language." — DR.  DRAKE. 

"  The  work  is  strongly  expressive  of  the  author's  humanity  and 
good  sense,  and  abounds  with  proofs  of  extensive  and  accurate 
erudition.  It  contains  excellent  practical  advice,  particularly  on 
the  method  of  teaching  classical  learning." — Cunningham's  Biog. 
History. 

"  The  writings  of  the  learned  and  judicious  Ascham  possess,  both 
in  style  and  matter,  a  value  which  must  not  be  measured  by  their 
inconsiderable  bulk.  Their  language  is  pure,  idiomatic,  vigorous 
English;  they  exhibit  great  variety  of  knowledge,  remarkable  sa 
gacity,  and  sound  common  sense." — SPALDING. 

"  Ascham  is  a  thorough-bred  philologist,  and  of  the  purest  water. 
.  .  .  After  Ascham  and  Wilson,  we  look  in  vain,  during  the  mid 
dle  of  the  sixteenth  century,  for  any  names  equally  illustrious  in 
the  annals  of  English  philology." — DR.  DIBDIN. 

"  Ascham  is  a  great  name  in  our  national  literature.  He  was 
one  of  the  first  founders  of  a  true  English  style  in  prose  composi 
tion,  and  one  of  the  most  respectable  and  useful  of  our  scholars. 
He  was'  amongst  the  first  to  reject  the  use  of  foreign  words  and 
idioms — a  fashion,  which  in  the  reign  of  Henry  the  Eighth,  began 
to  be  so  prevalent,  that  the  authors  of  that  day,  by  '  usinge 
straunge  wordes,  as  Latine,  Frenche,  and  Italian,  did  make  all 
thinges  darke  and  harde.'  ...  As  a  scholar,  he  was  acute,  learned, 
and  laborious." — Retrns.  Review,  vol.  iv.  p.  76. 

It  is  truly  remarkable  that  the  English  works  of  Ascham 
seem  for  so  long  a  period  to  have  been  almost  entirely  for 
gotten  !  Dr.  Johnson  truly  remarks  : 

"  That  his  English  works  have  been  so  long  neglected,  is  a  proof 
of  the  uncertainty  of  literary  fame.  He  was  scarcely  known  as  an 
author  in  his  own  language  till  Mr.  Upton  published  his  School- 
Master  with  learned  notes.  His  other  pieces  were  read  only  by 
those  few  who  delight  in  obsolete  books." 

The  Life  of  Ascham,  and  the  Dedication  to  the  Earl  of 
Shaftesbury,  prefixed  to  Bennet's  edition  of  his  English 
works,  (Lon.,  1761,)  were  written  by  Dr.  Johnson. 

Apologia  pro  Cosna  Dominica  contra  Missam,  <fec.,  Lon- 

dini,  1577.     With  dedication  to  the  Earl  of  Leicester,  some 

hexameters,  and  an  epistle  to  the  reader.     Reprint,  1587. 

Epistolarum  Libri  tres,  Ac.,  Londini,  1587,  dedicated  to 


ASG 

Queen  Elizabeth.  Reprinted,  1581.  Ibid,  edidit  Elstob. 
Oxon.,  1703,  with  a  frontispiece  by  M.  Burghers,  contain 
ing  ten  English  portraits,  and  the  author  reading  to  Queen 
Elizabeth.  Considered  the  best  edition  of  the  Letters: 
poems  not  included.  These  Letters  are  held  in  great 
esteem  for  style  and  matter,  and  are  one  of  the  few  classi 
cal  collections  of  the  kind  written  by  Englishmen.  Warton 
considers  that  "the  Latinity  of  Ascham's  prose  has  little 
elegance,"  but  we  have  seen  Buchanan's  commendation  in 
the  Epigram  quoted  ante. 

A  Report  and  Discourse  of  the  Affaires  and  State  of 
Germany,  and  the  Emperor  Charles  his  Court,  durying 
certaine  years,  (1550-1552.)  The  result  of  Ascham's  per 
sonal  observations  when  attached  to  the  embassy  to  the 
emperor.  Dr.  Campbell  praises  this  Report  as 

"  One  of  the  most  delicate  pieces  of  history  that  ever  was  penned 
in  our  language,  evincing  its  author  to  have  been  a  man  as  capable 
of  shining  in  the  cabinet  as  in  the  closet." 

One  of  the  two  editions  bears  date  1570,  the  other  is 
sine  anno. 

The  Rev.  John  Walters  pub.  in  1588  a  reprint  of  the 
first  edition  of  Toxophilus,  with  extracts  from  books  sub 
sequent  to  the  date  of  its  appearance. 
Ascheton,  William.     See  ASSHETON. 
Ascu,  E.  Historie,  containing  the  Warres,  Treatises, 
Marriages,  and  other  Occurents,  between  England  and 
Scotland,  from  King  William  the   Conqueror,  untill  the 
happy  union  of  them  both  in  King  James,  1607. 

Asgill,  John.  An  Apologetical  Oration,  on  an  extra 
ordinary  occasion,  Lon.,  1760. 

"A  pretty  respectable  defence  of  Lord  George  Sackville."— WATT. 
Asgill,  John,  d.  1738,  at  an  advanced  age,  was  a 
lawyer,  and  the  author  of  a  number  of  books,  pub.  Lon., 
1700-1727.  He  is  remarkable  as  having  been  subjected 
to  much  persecution  in  consequence  of  a  work  pub.  in  1700, 
entitled  Argument,  proving  that  Men  may  be  translated  to 
Heaven  without  dying,  according  to  the  Covenant  of  Eter 
nal  Life,  revealed  in  the  Scriptures,  although  the  Human 
Nature  of  Christ  himself  could  not  thus  be  translated  till 
he  had  passed  through  Death.  This  unfortunate  publica 
tion,  which  a  later  judgment  has  pronounced  rather  absurd 
than  impious,  was  condemned  by  Dr.  Sacheverell  as  "  one 
of  the  blasphemous  writings  which  induced  him  to  think 
the  church  in  danger."  He  sat  as  a  member  of  the  Irish 
House  of  Commons  only  four  days,  when  he  was  expelled 
for  this  performance.  Returning  to  England  he  was  chosen 
member  tor  Bramber,  county  of  Sussex,  in  1705.  In  1707, 
he  was  expelled  from  his  seat  upon  a  representation  of  a 
committee  of  which  Edward  Harley,  Esq.,  was  chairman, 
that  the  book  "  contained  several  blasphemous  expressions, 
and  seemed  to  be  intended  to  ridicule  the  Scriptures." 

"  From  this  time  his  affairs  grew  more  desperate,  and  he  was 
obliged  to  retire  first  to  the  Mint,  and  then  became  a  prisoner  in 
the  King's  Bench,  but  removed  himself  thence  to  the  Fleet,  and  in 
the  rules  of  one  or  other  of  these  prisons  continued  thirty  years." 
Among  the  principal  of  his  works  were  :  Several  Asser 
tions  Proved,  in  order  to  create  another  Species  of  Money 
than  Gold  or  Silver.  An  Essay  on  a  Registry  for  Titles 
of  Lands,  1771.  This  work  is  written  in  a  very  hu 
morous  style.  The  Succession  of  the  House  of  Hanover 
Vindicated,  Lon.,  1714.  This  was  an  answer  to  Mr.  Bed 
ford's  famous  book.  Dr.  Southey  is  disposed  to  think  that 
Asgill's  theological  treatise  which  gave  so  much  offence, 
was  the  result  of  a  professional  habit  of  mind,  which  led 
him  to  take  nothing  for  granted,  but  induced  him  to  ex 
amine  every  question  critically  for  his  own  satisfaction. 

"  The  whole  strength  of  his  mind  was  devoted  to  his  profession,  in 
which  he  had  so  completely  trammelled  and  drilled  his  intellectual 
powers,  that  he  at  length  acquired  a  habit  of  looking  at  all  sub 
jects  in  a  legal  point  of  view.  He  could  find  flaws  in  an  hereditary 
crown.  But  it  was  not  to  seek  flaws  that  he  studied  the  Bible ;  he 
studied  it  to  see  whether  he  could  not  claim,  under  the  Old  and 
New  Testament,  something  more  than  was  considered  to  be  his 
share." 

For  copious  extracts  from  Asgill's  Argument,  see  The 
Doctor  :  part  the  Second.  Asgill,  in  contending  that  men 
had  made  a  great  mistake  in  dying  for  so  many  years, 
only  because  they  thought  they  were  obliged  to  die,  had 
to  admit  that  the  evidence  told  strongly  against  him  !  He 
was  not  able  to  deny  that  "  this  custom  of  the  world  to 
die,  hath  gained  such  a  prevalency  over  our  minds  by  pre 
possessing  us  of  the  necessity  of  death,  that  it  stands  ready 
to  swallow  my  argument  whole  without  digesting  it."  Yet 
nothing  daunted  by  this  startling  fact,  of  men's  daily  in 
sisting  upon  dying,  he  stoutly  contends  that  "  the  custom 
of  the  world  to  die  is  no  argument  one  way  or  other  \" 
He  explains  all  this  in  a  trice,  by  declaring  that  the 
dominion  of  death  is  supported  by  our  fear  of  it,  "by  which 
it  hath  bullied  the  world  to  this  day."  We  have  seen 
that  his  ungrateful  contemporaries,  not  appreciating  his 


ASH 


ASH 


friendly  efforts  to  extend  their  longevity,  punished,  in 
stead  of  rewarding,  him,  and  insisted  upon  following  their 
old  custom  with  that  pertinacious  adherence  to  the  man 
ners  of  their  forefathers  for  which  Englishmen  have  been 
always  proverbial.  Asgill  no  doubt  pitied  their  delusion, 
and  deplored  their  folly,  as  he  saw  them  dropping  off  one 
by  one ;  and  as  he  is  said  to  have  almost  attained  his  100th 
year,  perhaps  the  new  generation  were  beginning  to  sus 
pect  that  Lawyer  Asgill  was  not  so  far  wrong  after  all,  and 
.that  their  progenitors  had  the  weak  side  of  an  argument 
to  which  they  had  yielded  themselves  martyrs.  But  death 
had  only  "stayed  execution,"  not  "abandoned  his  claim;" 
and,  in  November,  1738,  Asgill  was  forced  to  be  a  witness 
against  himself,  and,  to  use  old  Anthony  Wood's  favourite 
phrase,  he  "  gave  way  to  fate,"  to  prove,  we  trust,  the  truth 
of  the  old  motto  which  he  so  much  censured,  that  "  Death 
is  the  Gate  of  Life,"  the  entrance  to  a  blissful  immortality, 
to  those  who  by  "  patient  continuance  in  well-doing,  have 
waited  their  appointed  time  till  their  change  come,"  justi 
fied,  sanctified,  and  made  meet  for  the  "  inheritance  of  the 
saints  in  light."  We  believe  Asgill  to  have  been  a  good 
man,  but  one  who  had 

"  Found  it  pleasant 
To  sail,  like  Pyrrho,  on  a  sea  of  speculation," 

until  fancy  had  usurped  the  province  of  reason,  and  the 
deductions  of  judgment  been  displaced  by  the  vagaries  of 
the  imagination. 

Ash,  Charles.    Adbaston  :  a  Poem,  1814. 

Ash,  Edward,  M.D.  d.  1829,  conducted  a  weekly 
paper,  published  in  numbers,  entitled  The  Speculator,  1790. 

"  He  amused  himself  with  the  elegancies  of  literature,  and  as 
sisted  the  College  of  Physicians  in  the  arrangement  and  style  of 
their  official  papers  and  publications ;  but  he  did  not  publish  any 
work  on  medical  science." — Rose's  Biog.  Diet. 

Ash,  St.  George,  Bishop  of  Cloyne,  1658-1717,  pub. 
six  sermons  separately,  1694-1716  ;  and  contributed  to  the 
Phil.  Trans.,  1684-98.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Royal 
Society. 

Ash,  John.     Account  of  Affairs  in  Carolina,  1703. 

Ash,  John,  M.D.,  1723-1798,  of  Trinity  Coll.,  Oxf., 
attained  great  eminence  in  his  profession.  He  practised 
for  many  years  in  Birmingham  and  London.  In  1788  he 
pub.  (the  result  of  his  own  investigations)  Experiments 
and  Observations  to  investigate  by  Chemical  Analysis  the 
Medicinal  Properties  of  the  Mineral  Waters  of  Spa  and 
Aix-la-Chapelle,  in  Germany ;  and  of  the  Waters  and  Boue 
near  St.  Amand,  in  French  Flanders.  Dr.  Ash  was  founder 
and  president  of  the  celebrated  Eumelian  club,  of  which 
Sir  Joshua  Reynolds,  Mr.  Windham,  Boswell,  and  others, 
were  members.  See  Boswell's  Life  of  Johnson. 

Ash,  John,  LL.D.,  1724-1779,  a  dissenting  minister 
at  Pershore  in  Worcestershire,  pub.  several  works,  1766- 
77,  the  principal  of  which  is,  A  New  and  Complete  Eng 
lish  Dictionary,  Lon.,  1775.  2  vols.  8vo. 

"•The  plan  was  extensive  beyond  any  thing  of  the  kind  ever 
attempted,  and  perhaps  embraced  much  more  than  was  necessary, 
or  useful.  It  is  valuable,  however,  as  containing  a  very  large  pro 
portion  of  obsolete  words,  and  such  provincial  or  cant  words  as 
have  crept  into  general  use."— CHALMERS. 

Ash,  T.     Entick's  Spelling  Diet,  abridged. 

Ashburner,  A.  M.  Sermon  at  Ordination  of  the  late 
Sir  Harry  Trelawney,  1777. 

Ashburnham,  John,  1603-1671.  Narrative  of  his 
Attendance  on  King  Charles  I.,  Lon.,  1830. 

"  This  work  is  valuable  from  throwing  much  light  on  a  portion 
of  history  which  has  hitherto  been  involved  in  unusual  obscu 
rity." — Lon.  Athenaum, 

Ashburnham,  Wm.  Restoration  of  the  Jews.  A 
Poem,  Lon.,  1794.  Elegiac  Sonnets,  <fcc.,  Lon.,1795. 

Ashburnham,  Sir  Wm.,  Bishop  of  Chichester.  Ser 
mons  pub.  separately,  1745-64. 

Ashby,  George,  an  English  poet  of  the  reign  of 
Henry  VI.  He  wrote,  for  the  instruction  of  Prince  Edward, 
a  poem  on  the  Active  Policy  of  a  Prince.  A  copy  is  pre 
served  among  the  MSS.  in  the  Public  Library  of  the 
University  of  Cambridge.  Its  author  states  that  he  wrote 
it  in  his  eightieth  year. — RITSOX. 

Ashby,  George,  1724-1808,  an  English  divine  and 
antiquary,  educated  at  St.  John's  Coll.  Camb.,  was  a  valu 
able  contributor  to  several  important  works.  Bishop  Percy, 
Mr.  Granger,  Richard  Gough,  and  a  number  of  others, 
acknowledged  his  intelligent  aid.  Mr.  Ashby  was  the 
Suffolk  clergyman  spoken  of  so  handsomely  by  the  Rev. 
Thomas  Harmer,  in  his  preface  to  the  third  volume  of  Ob 
servations  on  Scripture.  James  Barrington  refers  to  his 
assistance  in  his  work  on  the  Statutes,  ed.  1775,  p.  12;  and 
Mr.  Nichols  remarks  that, 

"  To  this  respectable  divine,  I  have  repeatedly  expressed  my  ob 
ligations  in  the  course  of  the  History  of  Leicestershire,  for  prompt 


and  useful  information  on  every  subject  of  literature,     gee  par 
ticularly  his  Dissertation  on  the  Leicester  Military,  vol.  i.  p.  155." 


magazine  of  entertainment  and  information,  NICHOLS'S 
LITERARY  ANECDOTES. 

Ashby,  Sir  John.  His  and  Rear  Admiral  Rook's 
Account  of  the  Engagement  at  Sea,  between  the  Dutch, 
;  English,  and  French  Fleets,  June,  1690,  Lon.,  1691. 

Ashby,  Richard,  a  Quaker.  A  Sermon  preached  on 
no  text,  at  St.  Martin's  Le  Grand,  Feb.  16, 1693,  Lon.,  1694. 

Ashby,  Saml.     The  Young  Analyst's  Exercise,  Lon., 

Ashdowne,  J.  Ch.  Warden's  and  Overseer's  Guide 
1835. 

Ashdowne,  Wm.    Theolog.  Works,  1777-98. 

Ashe.     Sermons,  1741. 

Ashe,  Isaac.  The  Book  of  Revelation,  with  com 
pendious  notes,  <fec.,  Dublin,  1834. 

"  The  author  has  so  condensed  the  result  of  his  reading,  as  to 
present  in  a  very  brief  and  convenient  form  all  that  is  worth  pos 
sessing  in  the  voluminous  writings  of  those  who  have  addicted 
themselves  to  the  study  of  the  prophetic  Scriptures."— ion.  Evan 
gelical  Mag. 

Ashe,  J.     Life  of  William  Bagshaw,  1704. 

Ashe,  Jonathan.  The  Masonic  Manual,  or  Lectures 
on  Free  Masonry,  1813. 

Ashe,  Nicholas.     Panthia;  a  Tragedy,  1803. 

Ashe,  Robert  Hoadly,  D.D.  Poet.  Trans,  by  J. 
Brown,  a  boy  eleven  years  old,  1787.  Letter  to  John 
Milner,  relative  to  Bishop  Hoadly,  1799. 

"An  excellent  scholar." — NICHOLS. 

Ashe,  Simeon,  d.  1662,  a  Puritan  divine  temp. 
Charles  I.  and  the  Commonwealth.  He  pub.  separately 
several  sermons,  Lon.,  1642-55,  and  wrote  prefaces  to  va 
rious  works. 

"  He  was  a  Christian  of  the  primitive  simplicity,  and  a  Noncon 
formist  of  the  old  stamp.  He  was  eminent  for  a  holy  life,  a  cheer 
ful  mind,  and  a  fluent  elegancy  in  prayer." — DR.  CAI.AMY. 

Ashe,  Thos.,  of  Gray's  Inn,  pub.  a  number  of  works 
intended  as  Indexes,  &c.  to  the  Year  Books  and  Law  Re 
ports,  Lon.,  1602-33.  In  1618  appeared  his  Fasciculus 
Florum;  or  an  handful  of  flowers  gathered  out  of  the 
several  books  of  the  Right  Hon.  Sir  Edward  Coke.  His 
Promptuaire  was  pub.  in  1614. 

"  By  the  helpe  thereof,  that  which  was  heretofore  confused,  full 
of  paines,  and  ambiguous,  will  uow  become  short,  plain,  easy,  aud 
compendious." 

"  The  author  seems  to  have  had  a  passion  for  writing  Indexes 
and  Digests,  which  he  prepared  with  great  care,  but  which  are  now 
of  comparatively  little  use." — Marvin's  Legal  Bibl.,  which  see. 

Ashe,  Thos.  Carolina;  or,  Description  of  the  Present 
State  of  that  Country,  &c.,  Lon.,  1682.  See  Hist.  Coll.  of 
South  Carolina,  by  B.  R.  Carroll,  N.Y.,  1836,  2  vols.  8vo. 

Ashe,  Thos.,  Esq.,  pub.  several  works,  Lon.,  1808- 
12.  Travels  in  America  in  1806,  Lon.,  1808. 

"  He  has  spoiled  a  good  book  by  engrafting  incredible  stories  on 
authentic  facts." — Lon.  Quarterly  Review. 

Life  and  Corresp.  of  Thos.  Ashe,  1814,  3  vols.  p.  8vo. 

Asheburne,  Thos.,  wrote  in  1384  (in  the  Cottonian 
MS.  Ap.  vii.)  a  religious  poem,  De  Contemptu  Mundi. 

Asheton,  Wm.     See  ASSHETON. 

Ashhurst,  Sir  H.     Life  of  Rev.  N.  Hay  wood,  1695. 

Ashhurst,  Sir  W.  H.  Charge  to  the  Grand  Jury.l  792. 

Ashley.     The  Art  of  Painting,  &c.  in  Glass,  1801. 

Ashley,  Anthony.    The  Mariner's  Mirror,  <fec.,  1588. 

Ashley,  Henry.  The  Doctrine  and  Prac.  of  Attach 
ment  in  the  Mayor's  Court,  Lon.  2d  ed.  Lon.,  1819. 

Ashley,  John.  A  work  rel.  to  Brit.  Col.  in  America, 
Lon.,  1740. 

Ashley,  Jonathan,  1713-1780,  minister  at  Deerfield, 
Massachusetts,  pub.  Sermons,  <fcc.,  1741-45. 

Ashley,  Robt.,  1565-1641,  translated  a  number  of 
works  into  English:  1.  Urania,  a  Celestial  Muse,  Lon., 
1589.  2.  Of  the  Interchangeable  Course,  1594.  3.  Al- 
mansor,  1627.  4.  Cochin  China,  1633.  5.  David  Perse 
cuted. 

Ashmand,  J.  M.  Trans.  Ptolemy's  Tertrabiblos,  or 
Quadriparti,  &c.,  Lon.,  1822. 

Ashmead,  John  W.  Reports  in  the  Courts  of  Com 
mon  Pleas,  Quarter  Sessions,  Oyer  and  Terminer,  and 
Orphan's  Court  of  the  First  District  of  Pennsylvania, 
2  vols.  8vo,  Philada.,  1838-41. 

"The  second  volume  contains  many  adjudications  of  law  and 
of  equity  decided  after  the  act  of  June  16, 1836.  by  which  exten 
sive  equity  powers  were  conferred  upon  the  judges  of  this  court. 

"  Mr.  Ashmead  appears  to  have  performed  his  task  with  accu 
racy  and  general  fare." 

Ashmole,  Elias,  1617-1693,  the  founder  of  the  Ash- 
molean  Museum  at  Oxford,  a  celebrated  philosopher,  an- 


ASH 

tiquary,  and  chemist,  was  born  at  Lichfield,  in  Stafford 
shire.  In  1641  he  became  attorney  of  the  Common  Pleas. 
In  1644  he  entered  himself  of  Brasenose  College,  Oxford, 
where  he  zealously  devoted  himself  to  the  study  of  Mathe 
matics,  Natural  Philosophy,  and  Astronomy.  Upon  his 
return  to  London,  he  became  an  associate  of  Moore,  Lilly, 
Booker,  and  other  astrologers  and  Rosicrucianists,  the 
effects  of  which  studies  were  seen  by  his  publication,  in 
1650,  of  Dr.  Arthur  Dee's  Fasciculus  Chemicus  ;  together 
with  another  tract  of  the  same  character,  by  an  unknown 
author.  In  1652  appeared  his  Theatrum  Chemicuni  Bri- 
tannicum,  a  collection  of  the  works  of  such  English  Chem 
ists  as  had  remained  in  manuscript.  In  a  letter  to  Mr. 
(afterwards  Sir  William)  Dugdale,  whom  he  accompanied 
in  his  Survey  of  the  Fens,  he  gives  an  account  of  the 
Roman  Road  called  Bennevanna,  in  Antoninus's  Itinerary. 
In  1655  or  1658  he  began  to  collect  materials  for  his 
History  of  the  Institutions,  Laws,  and  Ceremonies  of  the 
most  Noble  Order  of  the  Garter,  which  he  published  in 
1672 :  upon  presenting  a  copy  to  King  Charles  II.,  he 
granted  him  a  privy  seal  for  £400.  In  1679  he  lost,  by  a 
fire,  a  collection  of  9000  coins,  a  fine  library,  and  many 
curiosities.  In  1682,  the  University  of  Oxford  having 
prepared  a  building  for  their  reception,  he  sent  thither  his 
collection  of  coins,  medals,  <fcc. ;  and  at  his  death  the  Ash- 
molean  Museum  was  still  further  enriched  by  the  bequest 
of  the  books  and  MSS.  of  the  learned  founder.  His  His 
tory  of  Berkshire  was  published  after  his  death  (in  1715) 
in  3  vols.  folio,  and  is  not  thought  to  do  the  author  justice. 

"  He  was  the  greatest  virtuoso  and  curioso  that  ever  was  known 
or  read  of  in  England  before  his  time.  Uxor  Solis  took  up  its 
habitation  in.  his  breast,  and  in  his  bosom  the  great  God  did 
abundantly  store  up  the  treasures  of  all  sorts  of  wisdom  and 
knowledge.  Much  of  his  time,  when  he  was  in  the  prime  of  his 
years,  was  spent  in  chemistry ;  in  which  faculty,  being  accounted 
fomous,  he  did  worthily  deserve  the  title  of  Mercuric  philus  An- 
glicus." —  Wood's  Ath'.n.  Oxon. 

Ashmole's  Diary,  reprinted  at  the  end  of  Lilly's  History 
of  his  Life  and  Times  in  1774,  "abounds  so  much  in  ab 
surd  and  whimsical  facts  as  to  be  almost  an  injury  to  Ash- 
mole's  memory."  Ashmole  was  thrice  married ;  his  third 
wife  was  the  daughter  of  his  friend,  Sir  William  Dugdale. 
The  History  of  the  Order  of  the  Garter 

"  Was  his  greatest  undertaking,  and  had  he  published  nothing 
else,  would  have  preserved  his  memory,  as  it  certainly  is,  in  its 
kind,  one  of  the  most  valuable  books  in  our  language." — CHALMERS. 

The  work  "  obtained  great  applause,  not  only  from  his 
majesty,  but  from  all  the  Knights  Companions,  and  others 
attached  to  studies  of  that  kind." 

Among  other  Knights  Companions  who  testified  their 
approbation  of  our  author's  performance,  was  Christierne, 
King  of  Denmark,  who  sent  to  Ashmole  a  gold  chain  with 
a  medal  hanging  to  it. 

"  Whereupon  Mr.  Ashmole  showing  it  to  his  majesty,  his  ma 
jesty  commanded  him  to  wear  it :  which  he  accordingly  did  in 
some  public  solemnities  that  followed.  .  .  Frederick  William, 
Prince  Elector  of  the  Empire,  was  so  exceedingly  taken  with  it, 
that  he  not  only  sent  to  the  author  a  golden  chain  of  90  Phila- 
green  links,  in  great  knotts  most  curiously  worked,  with  a  gold 
medal  hanging  to  it,  containing  on  one  side  his  father's  picture, 
and  on  the  other  an  escutcheon  of  his  arms,  but  took  order  that 
"it  should  be  translated  into  the  Dutch  language ;  but  whether  it 
was  so,  I  cannot  yet  tell,  for  I  have  not  yet  seen  it."— WOOD. 

For  an  analysis  of  this  work,  see  Oldys's  British  LibraT 
rian,  p.  119-26 ;  and  see  an  interesting  correspondence 
between  Earl  Harcourt  and  Richard  Gough,  in  Nichols's 
Literary  Anecdotes,  vol.  vi.  p.  324,  in  which  the  subject  of 
females  wearing  the  Order  of  the  Garter  is  considered.  In 
Thoresby's  Diary,  we  find  a  notice  calculated  to  excite 
pensive  emotions,  of  a  visit  paid  by  him  to  the  former 
residence  of  Ashmole : 

"  June  1, 1712.  In  our  return,  passing  by  the  house  where  Mr. 
Ashmole  once  lived,  we  visited  the  widow,  who  showed  us  the  re 
mains  of  Mr.  Tradescant's  rarities,  amongst  which  some  valuable 
shells  and  Indian  curiosities." 

With  what  delight  would  the  master  of  these  "rarities," 
the  great  "  virtuoso  and  curioso,"  have  displayed  them  to 
this  kindred  spirit !  How  would  he  have  expatiated  upon 
those  wonderful  "  Coynes  and  Meddals"  which  Anthony 
Wood  describes  with  such  true  antiquarian  gusto  !  Like 
Hezekiah,  he  would  doubtless  have  "  shewed  them  all  the 
house  of  his  precious  things,  the  silver  and  the  gold,  and 
the  spices  and  the  precious  ointment,  and  all  the  house  of 
his  armour,  and  all  that  was  found  in  his  treasures :  there 
was  nothing  in  his  house"  that  he  would  have  "  shewe£ 
them  not."  But  let  us  not  forget,  that  although  it  was  a 
woman's  province  to  gratify  the  erudite  taste  of  Ralph 
Thoresby,  by  displaying  these  antiquarian  rarities,  that 
woman  was  the  widow  of  Eliaa  Ashmole  and  the  daueh- 
ter  of  Sir  William  Dugdale  ! 

Ashmore.     Views  in  Scotland,  Perth,  1794. 


ASH 

Ashmore,  John,  an  English  poet  of  the  early  part  of 
the  17th  century.  The  only  work  of  his  extant,  is  Certain 
Selected  Odes  of  Horace  Englished,  &c.,  Lon.,  1621.  The 
Epigrammes,  <fcc.  consist  principally  of  short  addresses 

"  To  several  of  the  author's  patrons  and  friends,  except  a  few 
more  translations  at  the  end,  dedicated  to  Sir  Thomas  Wharton, 
son  and  heir  of  Philip,  Lord  Wharton." — Censura  Littraria,  which 
see  for  further  description. 

Ashmore,  Thos.  Work  upon  Bk.  of  Eng.,  Lon.,  1774. 

Ashmun,  Jehudi,  1794-1828,  agent  of  the  American 
Colonization  Society,  pub.  The  Memoirs  of  Rev.  Samuel 
Bacon,  and  some  papers  in  the  African  Repository. 

Ashton,  Charles,  1665-1752,  admitted  of  Queen's 
Coll.  Camb.,  1682,  was  an  eminent  scholar.  He  con 
tributed  anonymously  to  the  Bibliotheca  Literaria  of 
Wasse,  <fec. ;  wrote  some  treatises  upon  ecclesiastical  an 
tiquities,  and  prepared  for  the  press  an  edition  of  Justin 
Martyr,  published  after  his  death  by  Mr.  Kellett. 

Ashton,  G.     The  Prisoner's  Plaint,  Lon.,  1623. 

Ashton,  J.  Answer  to  the  Paper  delivered  by  him  at 
his  execution  to  Sir  Wm.  Child;  and  the  paper  itself, 
Lon.,  1690. 

Ashton,  J.     The  Christian  Expositor,  Lon.,  1774,  etc. 

Ashton,  J.     Conscience ;  a  Tragedy,  1815. 

Ashton,  P.  Translated  A  short  Treatise  upon  the 
Turke's  Chronicle :  printed  by  Whitechurch,  Lon.,  1546. 

Ashton,  R.     See  ASTON,  R. 

Ashton,  Sophia  Goodrich,  b.  1819,  Mass.,  daughter 
of  Rev.  C.  A.  Goodrich.  Mothers  of  the  Bible  ;  Series  of 
Juveniles. 

Ashton,  Thos.,  b.  1631,  a  Fellow  of  Brasenose  Col 
lege,  Oxf.  Wood  calls  him  a  "forward  and  conceited 
scholar,  and  a  malapert  in  and  near  Oxford."  Pert  enough 
he  seems  to  have  been  from  the  titles  of  his  two  little  books 
directed  against  Colonel  Mason,  the  Governor  of  Jersey : 

1.  Blood-thirsty  Cyrus  unsatisfied  with  blood,  <fcc.,  1659. 

2.  Satan  in  Samuel's  Mantle,  Ac.,  1659. 

Ashton,  Thos.,  1716-1775,  of  Eton  and  King's  Coll. 
Camb.,  pub.  Sermons  separately,  1745-70  ;  and  some  let 
ters  arid  pamphlets  :  On  the  question  of  electing  Aliens 
into  the  vacant  places  in  Eton  College,  1771.  See  a  letter 
addressed  to  him  by  Horace  Walpole  from  Florence. 

Ashton,  Walter.     Serm.  on  Ps.  ciii.  1,  Lon.,  1623. 

Ashton,  William.     See  ASSHETON. 

Ashwell,  George,  1612-1693,  rector  of  Hanwell,  in 
Oxfordshire,  pub.  Fides  Apostolica,  Oxon.,  1653;  Gestus 
Eucharisticus,  Oxon.,  1663;  De  Socino  et  Socianismo, 
Oxon.,  1680;  De  Ecclesia,  Oxon.,  1688.  He  also  trans. 
Philosophus  Antodidactus,  Lon.,  1686.  Wood  gives  him 
a  high  character : 

"  This  Mr.  Ashwell,  who  was  a  quiet  and  pious  man,  and  every 
way  worthy  of  his  function,  had  been  an  excellent  logician,  and 
of  a  very  rational  head  and  understanding,  was  also  well  read  in 
the  Fathers  and  Schoolmen,  and,  therefore,  very  much  valued  by 
Divines  whose  learning  lay  that  way." 

Ashwell,  John,  Prior  of  Newnham.  Abbey,  near 
Bedford.  "The  Letters  which  Johan  Ashwell,  Priour  of 
Newnham  Abbey  besydes  Bedforde,  sente  secretley  to  the 
Byshope  of  Lyncolne.  M.D.XXVII.  Where  in  the 
sayde  Pryour  accuseth  George  Joye,  that  Tyme  beyng 
Felow  of  Peter  College  in  Cambrydge,  of  fower  opinions : 
with  the  Answere  of  the  sayde  George  unto  the  same  opi 
nions." 

"At  Straszburge  10  Daye  of  June.  Thys  lytell  Boke 
be  delywered  to  Johan  Ashwell,  Priour  of  Newnha  Abbey, 
besydes  Bedforde,  with  Spede." 

This  work  is  of  great  interest,  not  only  to  the  biblio 
grapher,  and  lover  of  rare  works,  but  as  connected  with 
the  history  of  one  of  the  first  men  who  stood  forth  in 
England,  and  boldly  advocated  the  "  universal  diffusion" 
of  the  gospel.  The  Prior  of  Newnham  accused  Joye  of 
heresy,  and  Joye  answers  the  charge. 

"  He  was  a  great  friend  to  Master  Tiudall,  and,  therefore,  per 
fectly  hated  by  Wolsey,  Fisher,  and  Sir  Thomas  More.  The  par 
ticulars  of  his  sufferings,  if  known,  would  justly  advance  him 
into  the  reputation  of  a  confessor.  He  translated  some  parts  of 
the  Bible  into  English,  and  wrote  many  works,  reckoned  up  by 
Bale.  Notwithstanding  many  machinations  against  his  life,  he 
found  his  coffin  where  he  fetched  his  cradle,  '  in  sua  patria  sepul- 
tus,'  being  peaceably  buried  in  his  native  country,  1553,  the  last 
year  of  King  Edward  the  Sixth."— Putter's  Worthies. 

For  an  interesting  account  of  Ashwell's  Letters,  <fcc., 
see  the  Retrospective  Review,  N.S.,  vol.  ii. 

Ashwell,  Samuel,  M.D.  1.  Diseases  Peculiar 
to  Women,  Lon.,  Svo;  Phila.,  8ro.  2.  Parturition, 
8vo.  See  GODDAUD,  PAUL  B.,  M.D. 

Ashwell,  Thos.,  Compos,  of  Church  Music,   temp. 
|  Hen.  VIII. 

Ashwood,  Bart.     The  Heavenly  Trade,  Lon.,  1688. 
I     Ashwood,  John.     Discourses,  1707. 

75 


ASH 

Ashworth,  Caleb,  1721-1775,  presided  for  23  years  ! 
over   the  Dissenting   theological    institution   established 
upon  Coward's  Foundation.     Dr.   Doddridge  in  his  last 
will  recommends  Mr.  Ashworth  for  this  responsible  post. 
He  pub.   three  Funeral  Sermons  on  the  deaths  of   Dr.  ! 
Watts,  Mr.  Floyd,  and  Mrs.  Clark ;  A  Coll.  of  Tunes  and  j 
Anthems ;  a  Hebrew  Grammar ;  and  An  intro.  to  Plane  j 
Trigonometry. 

"  With  indefatigable  application,  with  genuine  and  well-regu-  • 
lated  zeal,  and  with  growing  reputation  and  success,  he  exerted 
his  eminent  abilities  and  extensive  acquaintance  with  sacred  and 
human  literature  in  the  service  of  his  great  Master,  and  in  pro 
moting  the  important  interest  of  learning,  religion,  and  charity." 
— Inscription  on  his  monument. — Rose's  Biog.  Diet. 

Aske,    James,    author   of   Elizabetha   Triumphans, 
written  in  commemoration  of  the  defeat  of  the  Spanish 
Armada,   1588,  and  pub.  in  that  year.     It  is  in  blank  \ 
verse;  and  as  such  included  in  Dr.   Percy's  volume  of  j 
Blank  Verse  anterior  to  Milton.     It  will  be  found  com-  | 
plete  in   the  second  volume  of  Nichols's  Progresses  of 
Queen  Elizabeth. 

Askew,  Anthony,  M.D.,  1722-1772,  a  distinguished 
classical  scholar,  was  educated  at  Sedburgh  School,  and  j 
Emmanuel  Coll.,  Cambridge.     He  studied  medicine  for  a  j 
year  at  Leyden ;  after  which  he  still  remained  abroad  for  ! 
three  years,  and  returned  to  Cambridge  in  1750,  and  com-  | 
menced  practice.     He  published  no  medical  works,  and  • 
his  easy  fortune  prevented  the  necessity  of  any  effort  to 
retain  the  large  professional  business  which  his  father, 
Dr.  Adam  Askew,  had  long  enjoyed.     Whilst  abroad,  he 
laid  the  foundation  of  his  choice  library  by  the  purchase 
of    many   valuable    books    and    manuscripts.     Amongst 
these  treasures  was  a  complete  collection  of  the  editions 
of  JEschylus,  a  new  edition  of  which  Dr.  Askew  intended 
to  have   given  to  the  world.     Whilst  yet  a  student  at 
Leyden,  he  issued  a  specimen  of  his  intended  edition, 
dedicated  to  Dr.  Richard  Mead :  Novae  Editionis  Tragae- 
diarum  JEschyli  Specimen,  curante  Antonio  Askew,  <fec., 
Lugd.  Batav.,  1746.     This  pamphlet  is  now  of  great  rarity. 

Askew  has  been  properly  esteemed  one  of  the  fathers  of 
the  "  BIBLIOMANIA"  in  England.  He  estimated  his  rare 
books  and  dingy  manuscripts  as  more  precious  than  rubies 
or  fine  gold,  and  was  careful  how  he  permitted  them  to 
pass  from  his  own  hands.  We  have  an  amusing  account 
of  his  displaying  (but  sub  oculis  only — manibuaque  was 
too  much  for  a  king  to  ask !)  to  his  visitors  some  of  his 
choicest  volumes,  safely  enshrined  within  glass  cases, 
whilst  the  happy  owner,  perched  upon  his  library  ladder, 
would  read  from  an  "  Editio  princeps,"  or  an  "  Exemplar 
elegans,"  some  scrap  of  philosophic  wisdom  of  the  "  elder 
time."  How  could  the  enthusiastic  Askew  ever  resign 
those  darlings  of  his  soul !  But  Death,  who  has  no  re 
spect  for  men's  "  hobbies,"  and  who  stops  not  to  ask,  when 
he  has  levelled  his  shaft,  whether  his  intended  victim  be 
of  Athens  or  Boeotia,  entered  the  doctor's  retreat  at  Hamp- 
stead  one  day,  and  summoned  him  to  leave  his  books  and 
manuscripts,  the  cherished  acquisition  of  so  many  happy 
years !  His  collection  went  the  way  of  most  libraries — 
through  the  hands  of  the  auctioneer,  into  the  vacant 
niches  or  shelves  which  had  long  waited  for  the  demise  of 
the  owner..  The  Rev.  Mr.  Cracherode's  long  purse  swal 
lowed  many  an  "  Exemplar  Askevianum."  Dr.  Hunter 
expended  £500  upon  the  spot,  and  Dr.  Maty  purchased  to 
a  considerable  amount  for  the  British  Museum.  But 
more  than  this  !  Even  Royalty  was  a  competitor  in  this 
day's  struggle.  The  King  of  England  was  a  purchaser 
of  £300  worth  of  rare  tomes,  and  his  Majesty  of  France, 
and  some  other  foreign  collectors,  absorbed,  through  the 
agency  of  De  Bure,  no  less  than  the  value  of  £1500. 

We  quote  from  our  copy  of  the  BIBLIOMANIA  (richly  in 
terleaved  with  original  letters  of  Dr.  Dibdin  and  Richard 
Heber — for  we  ourselves  are  something  of  a  BIBLIOMA 
NIAC)  the  prices  at  which  a  few  of  the  great  guns  were 
disposed  of. 

"  No.  684.  Boccacio,  il  Teseide,  Ferar.  1475.  Prima  Edizione    £85 

1576.  Durandi  Rationale,  1459.    In  Membranis.    £61. 

2656.  Platonis  Opera,  apud  Aldum,  2  vols.  fol.,  1513  Edit 
Prin.  On  vellum.  £55  13s.  Qd.  Purchased  by  Dr.  Wm.  Hunter. 
The  reader  can  have  no  idea  of  the  beauty  of  these  vellum  leaves! 
The  ink  is  of  the  finest  lustre,  and  the  whole  typographical  ar 
rangement  may  be  considered  a  masterpiece  of  printing 

2812.  Plinii  Hist.  Natural;  apud  Spiram,  fol.,  1469.  Edit.  Prin 
ceps.  £43  Os.  Od.  This  copy  bears  no  kind  of  comparison  with 
the  copy  in  Lord  Spencer's,  Dr.  Hunters,  and  the  Cracherode  col 
lections.  These  latter  are  giants  to  it. 

3537.  Terentianus  Maurus  de  Literis,  Syllabis,  et  Metris  Ho- 
ratii  Mediol.,  fol.,  1497 ;  £12. 12*.  Qd.  «  This  is  judged  to  be  the  only 
copy  of  the  edition  in  England,  if  not  in  the  whole  world.  Dr. 
Askew  could  find  no  copy  in  his  travels  over  Europe,  though  he 
made  earnest  and  particular  search  in  every  library  which  he  had 
an  opportunity  of  consulting." 


AST 

"  Rare  and  magnificent  as  the  preceding  articles  may  be  consi 
dered,  I  can  confidently  assure  the  reader  that  they  form  a  very 
small  part  of  the  extraordinary  books  in  Dr.  Askew's  library. 
Many  a  ten  and  twenty  has  been  omitted — many  a  prince  of  an 
edition  passed  by  unguarded.  [Dibdin  quotes  nineteen  articles.] 
The  articles  were  3570  in  number;  probably  comprehending  about 
7000  volumes.  They  were  sold  for  £4000." 

Dr.  Askew  was  a  warmly-attached  friend  of  Dr.  Richard 
Mead.  (See  MEAD,  RICHARD.)  Of  the  classical  attain 
ments  of  Askew,  Dr.  Parr  speaks  in  high  praise. 

Aspin,  J.     Educational  Works,  1801-9-13,  etc. 

Aspin,  Wm.     Sermon  on  Envy,     Eccl.  iv.  4,  1684. 

Aspin  all,  James.     The  Crisis,  Liverp.,  1831. 

Aspinwall.     Translated  "Rodogune,"  1765. 

Aspinwall,Edward.  A  Preservation  against  Popery, 
Lon.,  1715  ;  Arguments  in  proof  of  Christian  Religion,  1731. 

Asplaud,  Robert,  1782-1845,  a  Dissenter,  b.  at 
Wicken,  county  of  Cambridge,  Eng.  He  was  at  one  time 
a  Churchman,  afterwards  a  Baptist,  and  finally  a  Unita 
rian.  For  forty  years  he  was  pastor  of  the  Gravel-Pit 
Chapel,  Hackney.  In  1806,  he  established  the  Monthly 
Repository  and  founded  the  Unitarian  Fund  Society ;  in 
1815,  established  the  Christian  Reformer,  a  monthly  maga 
zine,  which  is  continued  by  his  son,  the  Rev.  R.  Brook 
Aspland,  of  Dukinfield.  His  publications  number  about 
fifty.  A  vol.  of  Sermons,  arid  several  pamphlets  from  his 
pen,  have  been  edited  by  his  son,  1  vol.  8vo.  See  Memoir 
and  Correspondence,  by  R.  B.  A.,  1850,  8vo ;  Appleton'a 
New  Amer.  Cyc. 

Aspley,  J.     Work  on  Navigation,  Lon.,  1668. 

Asplin,  Saml.     Sermons,  pub.  1711-15. 

Asplin,  Wm.    Upon  Worship'g  towards  the  East,  1728. 

Asser,  d.  910,  Bishop  of  Sherborne,  and  perhaps  of 
another  see  antecedently,  has  had  attributed  to  him  seve 
ral  works,  the  principal  of  which  is  the  Life  of  Alfred, 
(JElfredi  Regis  Res  Gestae,  pub.  by  Archbp.  Parker,  1574 :) 
but  see  an  elaborate  argument  by  the  learned  Thomas 
Wright  (Biog.  Brit  Lit)  against  the  authenticity  of  this 
biography. 

Assheton,  Wm.,  1641-1711,  fellow  of  Brasenose 
College,  Oxf.,  pub.  a  number  of  theological,  controversial, 
and  moral  works,  Lon.,  1662-1710.  Among  his  principal 
productions  were:  1.  Toleration  Disapproved  and  Con 
demned  by  the  Authority  and  Convincing  Reasons  of,  <fec., 
Oxf.,  1670;  2.  The  Cases  of  Scandal  and  Persecution, 
Lon.,  1674;  3.  A  Seasonable  Vindication  of  the  Blessed 
Trinity,  [a  compilation  from  Tillotson  and  Stillingfleet,] 
Lon.,  1679 ;  4.  The  Royal  Apology,  or  An  Answer  to  the 
Rebel's  Plea,  <fcc.,  2d  ed.,  Lon.,  1685 ;  5.  The  Country 
Parson's  Admonition  to  his  Parishioners  against  Popery; 
6.  Directions  for  the  Conversation  of  the  Clergy,  [from 
Stillingfleet,]  Lon.,  1710. 

"  The  writer  of  his  life  gives  him  the-highest  character  for  piety, 
probity,  and  inflexible  adherence  to  the  doctrines  and  interests  of 
the  Church  of  England." 

Astell,  J.  P.  Liquor  Alcahest,  or  a  Discourse  of  that 
immortal  dissolvent  of  Paracelsus  and  Helmot,  Lon.,  1675. 

Astell,  Mary,  1668  ?-1731,  a  writer  of  considerable 
note  in  her  day,  pub.  a  number  of  theological  and  niiscel. 
works. 

A  Serious  Proposal  to  the  Ladies  for  the  Advancement 
of  their  True  and  Greatest  Interest,  <fcc. ;  also,  Part  the 
Second :  wherein  a  method  is  offered  for  the  improvement 
of  their  minds,  Lon.,  1697. 

"  These  books  contributed  not  a  little  towards  awakening  their 
minds,  and  lessening  their  esteem  for  those  trifling  amusements 
which  steal  away  too  much  of  their  time." — BALLARD. 

An  Essay  in  Defence  of  the  Female  Sex.  "A  witty  piece." 
Reflections  on  Marriage,  occasioned,  it  is  said,  by  a  disap 
pointment  she  experienced  in  a  marriage  contract,  1700. 

"  Some  people  think  she  has  carried  her  arguments  with  regard 
to  the  birthrights  and  privileges  of  her  sex  a  little  too  far;  and  that 
there  is  too  much  warmth  of  temper  discovered  in  this  treatise." 

But  surely  a  little  asperity  should  be  excused  when  we 
consider  the  circumstances  !  A  Fair  Way  with  Dissenters, 
and  their  Patrons,  1704;  The  Christian  Religion,  as  Prac 
tised  by  a  Daughter  of  the  Church  of  England,  1705; 
Six  Familiar  Essays  upon  Marriage,  Crosses  in  Love,  and 
Friendship,  1706.  Poor  Mary !  still  harping  upon  that 

fay  deceiver !     Bart'lemy  Fair,  or  an  Inquiry  after  Wit, 
700 ;  republished  in  1722,  with  the  words  "  Bart'lemy 
Fair"  omitted. 

"  She  was  extremely  fond  of  obscurity,  which  she  courted  and 
doated  on  beyond  all  earthly  blessings ;  and  was  as  ambitious  to 
slide  gently  through  the  world,  without  so  much  as  being  seen  or 
taken  notice  of,  as  others  are  to  bustle  and  make  a  figure  in  it.  . . . 
Notwithstanding  her  great  care  to  conceal  herself,  her  name  was 
soon  discovered,  and  made  known  to  several  learned  persons, 
whose  restless  curiosity  would  otherwise  hardly  have  been  satis 
fied." — BAU.ARD. 

These  remarks  apply  more  particularly  to  the  publica- 


AST 


AST 


tion  of  her  Letters  to  Mr.  John  Norris  concerning  The 
Love  of  God. 

Mrs.  Astell  was  held  in  great  estimation  by  some  of 
the  most  distinguished  persons  of  her  day.  Dr.  John 
Walker  calls  her  "  The  most  ingenious  Mrs.  Astell  ;"  Henry 
Dodwell  styles  her  "The  admirable  gentlewoman,  Mrs. 
Astell."  Evelyn  acknowledges  the  satisfaction  which  he 
derived  from  her  writings.  But  as  perfection  is  not  for 
man — nor  woman  either,  it  seems — we  must  confess  tha 
Bishop  Atterbury  in  writing  to  Dr.  Smalridge  complain 
in  this  wise: 

"  I  happened  about  a  fortnight  ago  to  dine  with  Mrs.  Astell 
She  spoke  to  me  of  my  sermon,  and  desired  me  to  print  it ;  am 
ai'UT  1  had  given  the  proper  answer,  hinted  to  me  that  she  shoulc 
be  glad  of  perusing  it ;  I  complyed  with  her,  and  sent  her  the  ser 
mon  next  day.  Yesterday  she  returned  it  with  this  sheet  of  re 
marks,  which  I  cannot  forbear  communicating  to  you,  because  '. 
take  'em  to  be  of  an  extraordinary  nature,  considering  they  came 
from  a  woman.  Indeed  one  would  not  imagine  that  a  woman  ha( 
wri  tten  them.  There  is  not  an  expression  that  carries  the  leas 
air  of  her  sex  from  the  beginning  to  the  end  of  it.  She  attacks 
me  very  home,  you  see,  and  artfully  enough,  under  a  pretence  oi 
taking  my  part  against  other  divines,  who  are  in  Hoadley's  Mea 
sures.  [Probably  it  was  the  sermon  against  Bishop  Hoadley's 
Measures  of  Submission.]  Had  she  had  as  much  good  breeding 
as  good  sense,  she  would  be  perfect;  but  she  has  not  the  most  de 
cent  way  of  insinuating  what  she  means,  but  is  now  and  then  a 
little  offensive  and  shocking  in  her  expressions;  which  I  wonder 
at,  because  a  civil  turn  of  words  is  what  her  sex  is  always  mis 
tress  of.  She,  I  think,  is  wanting  in  it.  [No  doubt  he  though 
so :  and  pray,  what  controversialist,  "  his  soul  in  arms,  and  eage: 
for  the  fray,"  ever  thought  a  hostile  criticism  "  civil  ?"  But  the 
good  Bishop  in  the  midst  of  his  chagrin  will  still  be  just;  and 
goes  on  to  say :]  But  her  sensible  and  rational  way  of  writing 
makes  amends  for  that  defect,  if  indeed  [here  the  wounded  author 
gets  uppermost  again]  any  thing  can  make  amends  for  it.  I  dreac 
to  engage  her ;  [quite  an  admission !]  so  I  only  writ  a  general  civi 
answer  to  her,  and  leave  the  rest  to  an  oral  conference." 

It  is  not  a  little  amusing  that  Mrs.  Astell's  Christian 
Religion  as  Professed  by  a  Daughter  of  the  Church  of 
England,  was  attributed  to  the  pen  of  the  prelate  who 
thus  winces  under  her  criticism. 

Lord  Stanhope  writes  to  Bishop  Atterbury : 
"  I  am  informed  this  day  that  you  have  put  out  in  print  a  mighty 
ingenious  pamphlet;  but  that  you  have  been  pleased  to  lather  \\ 
upon  one  Mrs.  Astell,  a  female  friend  and  witty  companion  of  your 
wife's." 

Mrs.  Astell  was  a  truly  exemplary  character,  and  devoted 
her  talent  to  the  best  ends,  the  interests  of  true  religion, 
and  the  improvement  of  her  own  sex ;  indeed,  of  all 
capable  of  appreciating  moral  excellence  and  intellectual 
elevation. 

Astle,  Mary.  See  ASTELL. 
Astle,  Thomas,  1734-1803,  an  eminent  antiquary, 
and  Keeper  of  the  Records  in  the  Tower  of  London,  was 
descended  from  the  ancient  family  of  the  Astles,  lords  of 
the  Manor  of  Fauld,  in  Staffordshire.  In  1770  he  was  ap 
pointed  by  the  House  of  Lords  to  superintend  the  printing 
of  the  Ancient  Records  of  Parliament :  succeeding  his 
father-in-law  in  this  duty,  who  had  been  appointed  at  the 
instance  of  Mr.  Astle,  when  consulted  on  this  subject  by 
the  House  of  Lords  in  1766.  The  Records  were  published 
in  six  folio  volumes.  Of  the  Society  of  Antiquaries  he 
was  a  useful  and  distinguished  member,  and  contributed 
several  valuable  papers  to  the  Archaeologia  in  v6ls.  iv.,  vii., 
x.,  xii.,  and  xiii. ;  and  to  the  Vetusta  Monumenta.  To  the 
Catalogue  of  the  Harleian  MSS.  he  wrote  a  preface  and 
index.  In  1777  appeared  his  Catalogue  of  the  MSS.  in  the 
Cottonian  Library,  with  a  catalogue  of  the  charters.  Mr. 
Planta's  Cat.  of  MSS.  has  superseded  Astle's,  but  the  lat 
ter  is  still  useful  as  containing  the  only  cat.  of  the  charters 
in  that  library. 

The  Will  of  King  Henry  VII.,  Lon.,  1775.  The  Will 
of  King  Alfred,  Oxon.,  1788.  Mr.  Astle's  great  work  is, 
The  Origin  and  Progress  of  Writing,  as  well  hieroglyphic 
» ••  elementary ;  illustrated  by  engravings  taken  from  Mar- 
bios,  MSS.,  and  Charters,  Ancient  and  Modern ;  also  some 
Account  of  the  Origin  of  Printing,  Lon.,  1784.  A  second 
and  improved  edition  appeared  in  1803.  To  this  produc 
tion  the  high  praise  has  been  awarded  of  being  "  the  com- 
pletest  work  on  the  subject  of  Writing  in  this  or  any  other 
language."  In  the  last  chapter  he  labours  to  prove  that 
the  art  of  printing  took  its  origin  from  the  Chinese.  Upon 
this  hydra-headed  theme  we  have  no  space  here  to  enter. 
We  shall  have  to  meet  it  somewhere,  we  presume,  before 
we  finish  our  volume.  Apropos,  we  take  it  very  ill  of  Mr. 
Brunet  that  he  condescends  not  to  favour  Astle's  great 
work  with  a  single  bibliographical  comment.  He  can  ex 
pend  a  column  upon  Bodoni,  (who  deserves  honourable 
mention,)  but  not  a  line  for  Astle.  He  should  remember 
"  the  swashing  blow"  of  good  Master  Dibdin,  when  the 
hero  of  Dijon  "  bit  the  dust,"  and  Lesne"  and  Licquet  "  fled 
the  field"  discomfited.  Let  M.  Brunet  (one  of  the  first 


I  of  living  bibliographers)  profit  by  their  example,  lest  he 
provoke  a  second  C'rapelet  war !  His  silence  is  the  more 
inexcusable  after  the  glowing  eulogy  of  Peignot,  who  in 
his  Essai  sur  1'Histoire  du  Parchemin  et  du  Velin  calls 
Astle's  book  "  le  plus  ample  et  le  plus  savant  sur  1'histoire 
de  la  calligraphic." 

"  The  general  character  that  we  have  to  give  of  Mr.  Astle's  book 
is,  that  the  authors  reflections  are  all  very  ingenious,  most  of  them 
just,  and  the  engraved  specimens  properly  chosen  for  the  enter 
tainment  of  curious  readers,  and  for  the  information  of  men  of 
business.  But  we  are  far  from  being  satisfied  with  his  speculations 
on  language,  and  the  origin  of  writing." — Lon.  MontlJy  Jteriew  lor 
October,  1784:  see  this  whole  article,  which  has  been  highly  com 
mended.  It  is  in  opposition  to  some  of  Astle's  views. 

"  This  work,  it  is  needless  to  add,  will  fully  establish  Mr.  Astle's 
literary  feme,  and  will  transmit  his  name  with  lustre  to  posterity, 
together  with  those  of  his  fellow-labourers,  Mr.  Harris  and  Lord 
Monboddo." — Lon.  Gent.  Mag.  for  1784:  see  Home's  Introd.  to  the 
Study  of  Bibliography,  vol.  i.  p.  72. 

Astle's  remarks  upon  the  character  and  reign  of  Henry 
VII.  have  been  highly  praised. 

"  His  learning,  which  is  various,  cannot  escape  observation ;  and 
his  authorities  in  general  are  the  best  that  could  be  found.  His 
judgment,  precision,  and  minuteness,  are  all  to  be  highly  com 
mended.  There  is  even  a  considerable  spirit  of  philanthropy  in 
his  work;  and  in  so  far  he  advances  beyond  the  character  of  a  mere 
antiquary.  He  displays  not,  however,  any  splendour  or  brightness 
of  genius.  He  is  simple  and  judicious,  but  not  original." — Atw 
Catalogue  of  English  Living  Authors. 

We  subjoin  an  interesting  letter  from  Dr.  Johnson  to  our 
author:  "July  17,  1781. 

"  SIR, — I  am  ashamed  that  you  have  been  forced  to  call  so  often 
for  your  books,  but  it  has  been  by  no  fault  on  either  side.  Ihey 
have  never  been  out  of  my  hands,  nor  have  I  ever  been  at  home 
without  seeing  you ;  for  to  see  a  man  so  skilful  in  the  antiquities 
of  my  country  is  an  opportunity  of  improvement  not  willingly  to 
be  missed. 

"  Your  notes  on  Alfred  appear  to  me  very  judicious  and  accurate, 
but  they  are  too  few.  Many  things  familiar  to  you  are  unknown 
to  me  and  to  most  others ;  and  you  must  not  think  too  favourably 
of  your  readers:  by  supposing  them  knowing,  you  will  leave  them 
ignorant.  Measure  of  land,  and  value  of  money,  it  is  of  great  im 
portance  to  state  with  care.  Had  the  Saxons  any  gold  coin  ? 

"I  have  much  curiosity  after  the  manners  and  transactions  of 
the  Middle  Ages,  but  have  wanted  either  diligence  or  opportunity, 
or  both.  [Then,  good  Doctor !  why  attempt  to  edit  Shakspeare  ?] 
You,  sir,  have  great  opportunities,  and  I  wish  you  both  diligence 
and  success.  1  am,  sir,  &c., 

"SAM.  JOHNSON." 

Astley,  F.  F.     Hints  to  Planters,  Lon.,  1807. 

Astley,  John,  Master  of  the  Jewel  House,  and  Gen 
tleman  of  Queen  Elizabeth's  Privy  Chamber,  was  not  only 
a  great  equestrian  himself,  but  much  concerned  to  improve 
the  bad  riding  which  he  was  pained  to  see  around  him, 
when  taking  the  air  for  his  health  or  amusement.  The 
Art  of  Riding  was  especially  worthy  of  cultivation  in  the 
reign  of  a  queen  so  fond  of  getting  up  parties  of  pleasure 
to  the  castles  of  her  rich  subjects,  that  the  worthy  anti 
quary,  John  Nichols,  had  materials  enough  to  make  up 
three  quarto  volumes  of  The  Progresses  of  Queen  Elizabeth, 
a  work  so  highly  esteemed  that  copies  have  been  repeatedly 
sold  by  public  auction  for  upwards  of  £40.  In  such  ex 
cursions  as  that  to  Kenilworth  Castle,  so  glowingly  de 
scribed  by  Master  Laneham,  where  on  the  road  "  after 
great  cheer  at  dinner,  there  was  pleasant  pastime  in  hunt 
ing  by  the  way  after,"  wo  to  the  knight  who  knew  not 
how  to  "  sit  his  horse  aright."  The  queen  set  an  example 
of  the  use  of  the  saddle  to  her  "loving  subjects,"  for  Lane- 
bam  tells  us — "  So  passing  into  the  inner  court,  her  ma 
jesty  (that  never  rides  but  alone)  there  set  down  from 
her  palfrey,  was  conveyed  up  to  her  chamber." 

But  to  return  to  Master  Astley.  In  1584,  his  zeal  for  good 
horsemanship  induced  him  to  put  forth  a  work  entitled 

The  Art  of  Hiding  set  foorth,  in  a  Breefe  Treatise,  with  a  due 
Interpretation  of  certaine  Places,  alledged  out  of  Xenophon  and 
3ryson,  very  expert  and  excellent  Horsemen:  wherein  also  the 
true  Vse  of  the  Hand,  by  the  said  Qryson's  Rules  and  Precepts,  is 
speciallie  touched :  and  how  the  Author  of  this  present  Worke 
hath  put  the  same  in  Practise ;  also,  what  Profit  men  may  reape 
thereby ;  without  the  knowledge  whereof,  all  the  residue  of  the 
Art  of  Riding  is  but  vaine.  Lastlie.  is  added  a  short  Discourse  of 
the  Chaine  of  Cauezzan,  The  Trench  and  the  Martingale.  Lon.. 
1584,  4to. 

In  the  same  year,  not  unwilling  to  call  in  the  aid  of  n 
foreigner  in  the  reformation  of  bad  riding,  he  published 

The  Art  of  Riding,  conteining  diverse  necessarie  Instructions, 
Demonstrations,  Helps,  and  Corrections,  appertaining  to  Horse 
manship,  not  heretofore  expressed  by  anie  other  Author ;  written 
at  large  in  the  Italian  Toong,  by  Maister  Claudio  Corte,  a  man 
most  excellent  in  this  Art.  Here  brieflie  reduced  into  certaine 
English  Discourses  to  the  benefit  of  Gentlemen  desirous  of  such 
knowledge,  Lon.,  1584. 

Astley,  Jos.  On  the  Doctrine  of  Heat;  Nic.  Jour.  v. 
23,  1801. 

Astley,  Philip,  1742-1814.  Remarks  on  the  Duty 
and  Profession  of  a  Soldier,  1794.  A  Description  and  His- 

77 


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ATH 


torical  Account  of  the  places  near  the  theatre  of  war  in  the 
Low  Countries,  1794.  System  of  Equestrian  Education. 
1801. 

Astley,  Thos.  Collection  of  Voyages  and  Travels. 
The  first  number  appeared  in  Dec.,  1744,  and  the  last  in 
1747.  The  author  was  Mr.  John  Green. 

Aston,  Anthony.  This  "gentleman,  lawyer,  poet, 
actor,  soldier,  sailor,  exciseman,  and  publican,"  (we  quote 
his  own  words,)  was  the  author  of  Love  in  a  Hurry,  1709 ; 
Pastora,  1712;  The  Fool's  Opera,  1731 — (with  account 
of  his  life  appended.)  In  1742  he  pub.  A  Brief  Supple 
ment  to  Colley  Gibber,  Esq.,  his  Lives  of  the  late  famous 
Actors  and  Actresses,  by  Tony  Aston :  "  which  contains 
some  information  not  preserved  elsewhere." 

Aston,  Ed.  Manners,  Laws,  and  Customs  of  all  Na 
tions,  translated  from  the  Latin  of  John  Boenus,  Lon.,  1611. 

Aston,  J.     Lancashire  Gazetteer,  <fec.,  1808. 

Aston,  H.  H.     A  Sermon  on  Heb.  xiii.  16,  1745. 

Aston  or  Ashton,  R.  Placita  Latinae  Redivivae ;  a 
Book  of  Entries  of  Approved  Precedents  of  Courts,  <fec., 
3d  ed.,  1661 ;  again  reprinted,  1673. 

"  The  swarms  of  books  of  precedents  of  various  kinds  in  modern 
times,  obviate  the  necessity  of  reference  to  Aston,  written  in 
crabbed,  abridged  Latin,  with  its  marginal  notes  in  Law  French." 
— Marvin's  Legal  Bibl. 

Aston,  Sir  Thos.,  d.  1645,  "  a  brave  and  loyal  gentle 
man"  attached  to  the  cause  of  Charles  L,  and  killed  in  the 
act  of  making  his  escape  from  prison,  wrote  :  1.  A  Remon 
strance  against  Presbytery,  Lon.,  1641.  2.  A  Short  Survey 
of  the  Presbyt.  Discipline,  and  a  Brief  Review  of  the  In 
stitutions,  <fec.  of  Bishops.  3.  A  Collection  of  Petitions  to 
the  King  and  Parliament,  1642. 

Aston,  Thos.     Sermons,  pub.  1658-91. 

Aston,  W.  H.     Select  Psalms  in  Verse,  Lon.,  1811. 

Aston,  Sir  Walter,  deserves  mention  as  the  patron 
of  Drayton,  who  dedicated  to  him  one  of  his  England's 
Heroical  Epistles,  and  in  his  Polyolbion  thus  acknow 
ledges  his  patron's  favours. 

"  Trent,  by  Tixall  graced,  the  Astons'  ancient  seat, 
Which  oft  the  Muse  hath  found  her  safe  and  sweet  retreat." 

Astrey  or  Astry,  Sir  Jas.  General  Charges  to  all 
Grand  Juries,  and  other  Juries,  <fcc.,  Lon.,  1703. 

Astry,  Francis.     Sermons,  pub.  Lon.,  1716-33. 

Astry,  T.  Case  of  a  Young  Man  struck  Dumb,  Lon., 
1671. 

Atcheson,  Nath.  Report  of  the  Case  of  Hevelock 
v.  Rookwood,  to  the  K.  B.,  &c.,  Lon.,  1800.  Case  of 
Fisher  v.  Ward,  Lon.,  1803.  American  Encroachments, 
Lon.,  1805.  Collection  of  Reports,  <fec.,  relative  to  the 
Trade  of  Great  Britain,  Ireland,  and  the  Brit.  Colonies  in 
the  W.  Indies  and  America,  Lon.,  1807. 

Atchison,  Robt.  Obs.  on  Dysentery,  Med.  Com.,  1785. 

Athelard  of  Bath,  flourished  1110-1120,  is  the  great 
est  name  in  English  science  before  Robert  Grossetete  and 
Roger  Bacon.  His  name  would  lead  us  to  believe  that  he 
was  of  Saxon  blood.  He  was  born  probably  in  the  latter 
part  of  the  eleventh  century,  and  first  quitted  England  to 
study  in  the  schools  of  Tours  and  Laon.  In  the  latter 
place  he  opened  a  school,  and  had,  among  other  disciples 
his  nephew,  to  whom  he  appears  to  have  been  affection 
ately  attached.  But  Athelard's  love  of  knowledge  was 
unsatisfied  with  the  state  of  science  in  France,  and  he  left 
his  school,  and  crossed  the  Alps  to  Salerno,  from  whence  he 
proceeded  to  Greece  and  Asia  Minor,  and  it  is  very  pro 
bable  that  he  went  to  study  among  the  Arabs  in  the  East. 
Bagdad  and  Egypt  were  then  the  seats  of  Arabian  learn 
ing.  On  his  arrival  in  his  native  country,  after  an  absence 
of  seven  years,  the  throne,  he  tells  us,  was  occupied  by 
Henry  I. ;  and  one  of  the  first  books  he  published  after 
his  arrival,  being  dedicated  to  William,  Bishop  of  Syracuse, 
must  have  been  written  before  1116,  the  date  of  that  pre 
late's  death.  The  manner  in  which  Athelard  speaks  of 
the  reception  of  the  Arabian  sciences,  seems  to  show  that 
they  were  then  quite  new  among  the  Christians  of  the 
West,  and  to  contradict  the  opinion  founded  on  a  legend 
preserved  by  William  of  Malmsbury,  that  they  had  been 
introduced  long  before  by  Gerbert.  We  know  nothing 
more  of  Athelard's  personal  history.  His  celebrity  was 
great  in  after  times ;  and  in  the  thirteenth  century  Vincent 
of  Beauvais  gives  him  the  title  of  Philosophus  Anglorum. 

Athelard's  writings  appear  to  have  enjoyed  a  great  po 
pularity.  We  may  divide  them  into  two  classes — original 
works,  and  translations  from  the  Arabic.  Among  the 
former  are,  1.  The  treatise  De  eodem  et  diverse,  already 
mentioned,  of  which  the  only  copy  known  to  exist  is  pre 
served  in  a  manuscript  in  the  Bibliotheque  Royale  at 
Paris.  It  is  written  in  the  form  of  a  letter  to  his  nephew, 
and  dedicated  to  William,  Bishop  of  Syracuse.  2.  Tan- 
78 


ner  mentions  a  tract  with  the  somewhat  similar  title  of 
De  sic  et  non  sic,  which  he  says  commenced  with  the 
words  Meministi  ex  quo  incepirnus.  3.  The  Qugestiones 
Naturales,  of  which  there  are  many  manuscripts  existing 
under  a  great  variety  of  titles.  This  treatise  was  printed 
apparently  as  early  as  the  fifteenth  century.  It  is  written 
in  the  form  of  a  dialogue  between  Athelard  and  his  ne 
phew,  and  is  dedicated  to  Richard,  Bishop  of  Bayeux, 
(1108-1133.)  In  this  tract  Athelard  gives  his  opinion  on 
various  physical  questions  concerning  animals,  man,  and 
the  elements.  At  the  conclusion  he  promises  a  treatise  on 
higher  philosophical  subjects,  De  initio  de  initiis.  4.  Re- 
gulae  Abaci.  This  tract,  on  a  subject  which  since  the  time 
of  Gerbert  had  employed  the  pens  of  a  multitude  of  ma 
thematicians,  was  perhaps  one  of  Athelard's  earliest  writ 
ings.  It  is  preserved  in  a  MS.  of  the  library  of  Leyden, 
where  it  is  preceded  by  a  short  preface  containing  Athe 
lard's  name,  and  without  the  preface  or  name,  in  a  manu 
script  in  the  Bibliotheque  Royale  at  Paris.  5.  A  treatise 
on  the  Astrolabe,  evidently  taken  from  Arabian  writers. 
A  copy  is  preserved  in  the  British  Museum.  Leland,  who 
sometimes  speaks  rather  extravagantly  of  the  style  of  the 
mediaeval  writers,  calls  this  "  libellum  argutum,  numero- 
sum,  rotundum."  It  is  certainly  the  one  of  Athelard's 
works  which  least  merits  that  character.  6.  Problemata. 
Leland  mentions  a  work  of  Athelard's  under  this  title, 
which  he  had  seen  in  the  library  of  the  Franciscans  at 
London,  but  which  had  afterwards  disappeared.  7.  De 
septem  artibus  liberalibus.  Tanner,  on  the  authority  of 
Boston  of  Bury,  mentions  a  work  of  Athelard's  bearing 
this  title,  written  partly  in  prose  and  partly  in  verse,  and 
commencing  with  the  words  Sgepernumero  est  a  philosophis. 
8.  A  treatise  on  the  Compotus,  mentioned  by  Tanner  as 
having  formerly  been  in  the  library  of  the  Earl  of  Stam 
ford.  9.  Tanner  states  that  a  tract  is  indicated  in  the  old 
table  of  contents  of  a  manuscript  in  the  King's  Library, 
under  the  title  Liber  magistri  Adelardi  Bathoniensis  qui 
dicitur  Mappaa  clavicula,  but  the  tract  itself  had  been 
torn  out. 

The  most  important  of  Athelard's  translations  from  the 
Arabic  was :  1.  The  Elements  of  Euclid.  This  became 
the  text-book  of  all  succeeding  mathematicians.  The 
manuscripts  of  Athelard's  Euclid  are  numerous.  It  was 
afterwards  published  with  a  commentary  under  the  name 
of  Campanus,  and  printed  at  Venice  as  early  as  1482. 
Mr.  Halliwell  has  mentioned  some  reasons  for  believing 
that  the  commentary  also  was  in  reality  the  work  of  Athe 
lard.  Dr.  Dee  possessed  a  manuscript  which  contained 
translations  of  Euclid's  Optics  and  Catoptrics  under  the 
name  of  Athelard.  Athelard  also  translated,  2.  The  Isa- 
goge  minor  Jafaris  mathematici  in  Astronomiam.  There 
is  a  copy  of  this  work  in  the  Bodleian  library.  3.  Ezich 
Elkauresmi,  hoc  est,  tabulae  Chawaresmicae  ex  Arabico 
traductae.  A  translation  of  the  Kharismian  tables.  There 
is  a  copy  of  this  also  in  the  Bodleian  library.  Leland 
mentions  a  work  translated  from  the  Arabic  by  Athelard, 
under  the  title  Erith  Elcharetmi,  which  Bale  and  Boston 
of  Bury  give,  more  correctly,  Ezich-Jafarim  or  Ezich-Jafa- 
ris  :  it  appears  to  be  a  corruption  of  Zydj  Djafar,  and  was 
probably  only  another  name  for  the  Kharismian  tables. 
4.  The  Praestigia  astronomica  Thebedis,  which  formerly 
existed  in  a  manuscript  of  the  library  of  Avranches.  Per 
haps  some  other  tracts  of  Athelard  exist  in  manuscripts  as 
yet  unexamined,  or  pass  as  anonymous  treatises.  M.  Jour- 
dain  was  inclined  to  attribute  to  him  a  piece  entitled  Liber 
imbrium  secundum  Indos,  preserved  in  the  Bibliotheque 
Royale  at  Paris. 

Editions. — Sequitur  tabula  istius  libelli.  .  .  .  Incipit  prologus 
Adelardi  Bathoniensis  in  suas  questiones  naturales  perdifflciles. 
At  the  end,  Expliciunt  questiones  naturales  Adelardi  Bachonien- 
sis.  Laus  deo  et  virgini,  AMEN.  Qui  petit  occultas  rerum  agnos- 
cere  causas  Me  videat,  quia  sum  lasvis  explanator  earum,  4to,  with 
out  other  title,  or  the  name  of  place  or  date,  but  printed  in  an 
early-shaped  Gothic  type.  There  are  two  different  editions  an 
swering  to  this  description,  the  one  evidently  a  reprint  of  the  other. 
They  are  both  in  the  British  Museum. — Martene  and  Durand, 
Thesaurus  novus  Anecdotorum.  Tomus  i.  Lutet.  Paris,  1717,  fol. 
col.  291.  The  preface  to  the  Naturales  Quaestiones. — Jourdain, 
Recherches  Critiques  sur  1'  age  et  1'  origine  des  Traductions  Latines 
d'  Aristote,  Paris,  1819,  8vo,  pp.  494-497.  The  dedication  and  com 
mencement  of  Athelard's  treatise  De  eodem  et  diverso. — Abbreviated 
from  Wrights  Biog.  Brit.  Lit. 

Atherley,  E.  G.  A  Treatise  on  the  Law  of  Mar 
riage  and  other  Family  Settlements,  Lon.,  1813. 

"  An  able  and  excellent  treatise."— CHANCELLOR  KENT. 

Atherstone,  Edwin,  a  poet  of  uncommon  merit, 
author  of  the  Last  Days  of  Herculaneum ;  and  Abradates 
and  Panthea,  Lon.,  1 821.  These  poems  have  been  praised 
by  high  authority  for 

Power  and  vigour,  splendid  diction,  and  truly  poetic  feeling. 


ATH 

.  .  The  style  often  resembles  Thomson's,  and  In  some  places  we 
might  instance  imitations  of  that  poet,  as  well  as  of  Akenside.  — 
London  Literary  Gazette. 

The  Fall  of  Nineveh ;  a  Poem. 

"The  fall  of  the  Assyrian  Empire  is  a  subject  worthy  of  the 
historical  epic;  and  Mr.  Atherstone  has  genius  to  insure  its  treatr 
ment  in  a  grand  and  striking  manner."  s  /  •• 

Sea  Kings  in  England,  a  Romance,  3  vols. 

Atherton.     Christian  Physican,  Lon.,  1683. 

Atherton,  W.  An  Elementary  and  Practical  Trea 
tise  on  the  Commencement  of  Personal  Actions,  &c., 
Lon.,  1833. 

"  This  is  a  very  useful  guide  on  the  commencement  of  personal 
actions.  The  work  is  well  executed,  and  the  authentic  and  prac 
tical  forms  diligently  collected."— Marvin's  Legal  Bibl. 

At  kens,  John.     Surgical  Works,  Lon.,  1723-58. 

Atkey,  A.     A  Sermon  on  Jer.  xii.  1,  1732. 

Atkins.     Essay  on  Spirituous  Liquors,  Lon.,  1803. 

Atkins,  H.     On  the  Trinity  Bill,  1813. 

Atkins,  J.  The  Ascension;  a  Poem,  Lon.,  1780. 
Treatise  on  the  Horizontal  Sun  and  Moon,  Lon.,  1793. 

Atkins,  John.     Sermon  on  Heb.  xii.  1-10,  Lon.,  1624. 

Atkins,  John.     A  Meteorol.  Journal  for  1782. 

Atkins,  John.  Relation  of  a  Voyage  to  Guiana, 
Brazil,  and  the  W.  Indies,  Lon.,  1737. 

"  This  volume,  which  chiefly  consists  of  the  personal  adventures 
of  the  author,  will,  however,  afford  some  insight  into  the  manners 
and  habits  of  the  people."— LOWNDES. 

Atkins,  Robt.  Six  Sermons  on  the  Sin  and  Danger 
of  Popery,  1712.  A  Farewell  Sermon,  1715. 

Atkins,  Robt.  A  Comp.  History  of  the  Israelites, 
Lon.,  1810. 

Atkins,  Saml.     Sermon  on  Ps.  xxvii.  13,  1703. 

Atkins,  Wm.     A  Discourse  on  the  Gout,  Lon.,  1694. 

Atkinson  and  Clarke.     Naval  Pocket  Gunner,  1814. 

Atkinson.  Med.  Contrib.  to  Phil.  Trans.,  1722-25. 

Atkinson,  B.  A.     Sermons,  pub.  1734-37. 

Atkinson,  Chris.    Theolog.  Treatises,  Lon.,  1653-54. 

Atkinson,  Chris.    Address  to  the  Public,  1783. 

Atkinson,  Geo.  A  Practical  Treatise  on  Sheriff 
Law,  Lon.,  1839. 

"  This  book  is  said  to  be  an  unequal  performance,  some  parts  of 
it  being  written  very  carefully,  and  others  very  carelessly.  It  has 
the  reputation,  however,  upon  the  whole,  of  being  a  useful  and 
convenient  book." — Marvin's  Leg.  Bibl. 

Treatise  on  the  Shipping  Laws  of  the  British  Empire,  8vo. 

Atkinson,  Henry,  Sermons,  Doctrinal  and  P"racti- 
cal,  Lon.,  1822. 

Atkinson,  Henry.  1786F-1831,  a  mathematician, 
contributed  to  the  Ladies'  and  Gentlemen's  Diaries,  the 
Royal  Astron.  Society's  Transactions,  (vol.  ii.,)  and  was 
mathematical  editor  of  the  Newcastle  Magazine. 

Atkinson,  Jas.  Rodolphus;  a  Poet.  Romance, 
Edin.,  1701. 

Atkinson,  Jas.  The  Necessity  of  Preaching  the 
Gospel  in  Gospel  Language,  Newc.-upon-Tyne,  1729. 

Atkinson,  Jas.  Account  of  the  State  of  Agricul 
ture  and  Grazing  in  New  South  Wales,  Lon.,  1827. 

Atkinson,  Jas.     Med.  Bibliography,  vol.  i.  royal  Svo. 

''We  have  never  encountered  so  singular  and  remarkable  a 
book.  It  unites  the  German  research  of  a  Plouquet  with  the  rav 
ings  of  Rabelais, — the  humour  of  Sterne  with  the  satire  of  Demo- 
critus, — the  learning  of  Burton  with  the  wit  of  Pindar." — Dr. 
Johnson's  Review. 

"  In  Mr.  Atkinson,  I  have  found  a  gentleman,  and  a  man  of 
varied  talent,  ardent  and  active,  and  of  the  most  overflowing 
goodness  of  heart.  In  his  retirement  from  an  honourable  profes 
sion,  (Medicine  and  Surgery,)  he  knows  not  what  the  slightest 
approximation  to  ennui  is.  The  heartiest  of  all  the  octogenarians 
I  ever  saw,  he  scorns  a  stretch,  and  abhors  a  gape.  It  is  '  up  and 
be  doing'  with  him  from  sunrise  to  sunset.  His  library  is  suffo 
cated  with  Koburgers,  Frobens,  the  Ascensii,  and  the  Stephens." 
— Dibdin's  Northern  Tour. 

Atkinson,  Jasper.  A  Letter  rel.  to  the  Bullion 
Coin,  Lon.,  1811. 

"  Mr.  Atkinson  seems  adequately  impressed  with  a  sense  of  the 
evils  of  war." — Lon.  MontJdy  Review. 

Atkinson,  John.     Tariff  at  Elsingoer,  Glasg.,  1770. 

Atkinson,  John.  The  Holy  Scriptures  the  Word  of 
God.  Two  sermons,  Heb.  i.  1,  2,  Lon.,  1731. 

Atkinson,  John.  Compendium  of  the  Ornithology 
of  Great  Britain,  Lon.,  1820. 

"  As  a  neat  and  commodious  text-book,  we  would  recommend 
this  unpretending,  but  respectable,  volume  to  all  who  are  desirous 
of  entering  on  the  study  of  British  Ornithology."— Lon.  Mrmthly 
Review. 

Atkinson,  John  Augustus,  and  Jas.  Walker. 
A  Picturesque  Representation  of  the  Manners  of  the 
Russians,  Lon.,  1803-05,  or  1812,  pub.  at  £15  15s.,  3  vols. 
imp.  fol.  Pic.  Rep.  Costumes  of  Great  Britain,  1807,  pub. 
at  £15  15s.,  3  vols.  folio. 

Atkinson,  M.  The  Necessity  of  National  Reforma 
tion;  a  Sermon  on  2  Chron.  xii.  7,  1779. 


ATK 

Atkinson,  S.  1.  Practical  Points  in  Conveyancing, 
from  the  MSS.  of  Butler,  Preston,  and  Bradley,  Lon., 
1829.  2.  Common  Forms  and  Precedents  in  Conveyanc 
ing,  <fcc.,  Lon.,  1829.  3.  Acts  relating  to  the  Law  of  Real 
Property  passed  in  the  3  and  4  W.  IV.  <fcc.,  Lon.,  1833. 
4.  Sir  E.  B.  Sugden's  Acts,  Lon.,  1830.  5.  The  Convey 
ancer's  Manual,  Lon.,  1830.  6.  Essay  on  Marketable 
Titles,  &c.,  Lon.,  1833.  7.  The  Theory  and  Practice  of 
Conveyancing,  comprising  the  Law  of  Real  Property,  2d 
ed.,  2  vols.  Svo,  Lon.,  1841. 

"  This  is  an  excellent  work,  evincing  considerable  industry  and 
learning  in  the  author,  and  is  written  in  a  perspicuous  and  logical 
style." 

8.  Practice  of  the  Court  of  Chancery,  Lon.,  1842. 

"This  is  a  brief,  convenient,  and  useful,  practical  work."— 
MARVIN. 

"  We  must  not  deny  Mr.  Atkinson  the  credit  of  having  brought 
together  much  of  the  learning,  and  many  useful  observations,  ap 
plicable  to  the  subject  he  has  treated  of."  See  No.  6. 

Atkinson,  Thos.,  d.  1639,  of  St.  John's  Coll.,  Oxf. 

"  I  have  seen  of  his  compositions  as  Andrei  Melvini  Anti-Tami 
cunicategoria,  written  in  Sapphics,  and  Melvinus  delirans,  in 
Iambics."— WOOD. 

"  To  which  may  be  added  that  there  is  in  the  Harleian  Library 
of  Manuscripts,  in  the  British  Museum,  a  Latin  tragedy  by  this 
author,  entitled  Homo,  which  is  dedicated  to  Laud,  then  the  Pre 
sident  of  St.  John's  College,  afterwards  Archbishop  of  Canterbury. 
The  MSS.  is  numbered  6925."— Rose's  Biog.  Diet. 

Atkinson,  Thos.     Poet,  and  other  works,  1791-99. 

Atkinson,  Thomas  VVitlam.  1.  Gothic  Ornaments 
of  English  Cathedrals,  Lon.,  imp.  4to.  2.  Oriental  and 
Western  Siberia,  Lon.,  1857,  r.  8vo ;  N.  York,  1858,  Svo. 
Highly  commended  by  the  Lon.  Athenaeum,  1857,  1477, 
Lon.  Examiner,  and  other  authorities. 

Atkinson,  Wm.     Poetical  Essays,  Lon.,  1789. 

Atkinson,  Wm.  Picturesque  Views  of  Cottages,  180& 

Atkyns,  or  Atkins,  John,  pub.  An  Account  of  a 
Voyage  in  a  Cruise  against  African  Pirates,  and  his  Tra 
vels,  Lon.,  1735. 

Atkyns,  John  Tracy.  Reports  of  Cases  argued 
and  determined  in  the  High  Court  of  Chancery  in  the 
time  of  Lord  Hardwicke,  from  1737  to  1754.  3d  ed.,  re 
vised  and  corrected  with  notes  and  references  by  F.  W. 
Saunders. 

"  Lord  Hardwicke's  decisions  at  this  day,  and  in  our  own  courts, 
do  undoubtedly  carry  with  them  a  more  commanding  weight  of 
authority  than  those  of  any  other  judge ;  and  the  best  editions 
of  the  elder  Vesey  and  Atkyns  will  continue  to  fix  the  attention 
and  study  of  succeeding  ages." 

For  an  extended  examination  of  the  imputed  merits 
and  demerits  of  these  reports,  concerning  which  there  has 
been  such  a  variety  of  opinion,  see  that  useful  work, 
Marvin's  Legal  Bibliography. 

Mr.  Saunders, the  editor  of  the  3d  edition,  remarks  : 

"  The  editor  must  take  this  opportunity,  however,  of  observing 
that  he  has  frequently  experienced  his  researches  in  the  Register's 
Books  anticipated  in  the  previous  labours  of  Mr.  Atkyns." 

Atkyns,  Richard,  1615  P-1677,  of  Baliol  Coll.,  Oxf., 
pub.  a  work  on  the  Original  and  Growth  of  Printing  in 
England,  collected  out  of  History  and  the  Records  of  this 
Kingdom;  wherein  is  also  demonstrated,  that  printing 
appertaineth  to  the  prerogative  royal,  and  is  a  flower  of 
the  crown  of  England,  Lon.,  1664. 

The  object  of  this  work  was  to  give  the  right  and  title 
qf  printing  to  the  Crown,  and  by  that  means  to  ascertain 
the  validity  of  the  patents  which  had  been  granted  by  the 
j  Crown.  Atkyns  endeavours  to  rob  Caxton  of  the  credit 
j  of  having  introduced  printing  into  England,  which  he 
ascribes  to  Frederick  Corsellis.  Atkyns  was  an  interested 
disputant,  being  a  patentee  under  the  Crown  for  printing, 
and  at  issue  with  the  Stationers'  Company  on  this  point. 
We  have  no  space  for  a  review  of  Atkyns's  argument, 
or  rather  assumption ;  and  we  regret  this  the  less  as  Dr. 
Middleton  and  others  have  settled  the  question  in  favour 
of  Caxton. 

"  Atkyns,  who,  by  his  manner  of  writing,  seems  to  have  been 
a  bold  and  vain  man,  might  possibly  be  the  inventor :  for  he  had 
an  interest  in  imposing  upon  the  world.''— DR.  MIDDLETON. 

But  charity  forbids  our  entertaining  this  suspicion. 
Wood  gives  him  a  good  character : 

"  He  was  an  ingenious  and  observing  man,  and  saw  the  vanity 
of  this  world  sooner  than  others,  though  of  elder  vears  which 
fitted  him  the  better  for  another." 

He  also  pub.  A  Vindication,  &c.,  to  which  is  added  his 
Sighs  and  Ejaculations,  1669. 

Atkyns,  Sir  Robt.,  1621-1709,  Lord  Chief  Baron  of 
the  Exchequer  temp.  William  III.,  was  the  son  of  Sir  Ed 
ward  Atkyns,  a  baron  of  the  Exchequer.  For  nearly  200 
years  there  was  always  one  of  this  family  filling  a  judicial 
station  in  the  kingdom.  He  was  sent  to  Baliol  Coll.  Oxf.  ; 
from  thence  removed  to  Lincoln's  Inn,  and  "applied  him 
self  very  closely  to  the  study  of  the  law."  He  was  knighted 


ATK 


ATT 


in  1661,  and  1672  sworn  a  judge  of  the  Court  of  Common  ! 
Pleas.     In  April,  1689,  he  was  appointed  by  William  III.  j 
Chief  Baron  of  the  Exchequer,  and  on  the  19th  Oct.  in  j 
the  same  year  was  made  speaker  of  the  House  of  Lords,  j 
from  which  post  he  retired  in  1692.     Two  years  later  he  | 
resigned  his  seat  in  the  Exchequer,  and  spent  the  remain-  j 
ing  fifteen  years  of  his  life  in  retirement,  at  his  seat  at 
Sapperton,  in  Gloucestershire.     His  principal  works  were 
An   Inquiry  into  the    Power   of  Dispensing  with   Penal  j 
Laws,  Lon.,  1689 ;  The  Power  of  Jurisdiction  and  Privi 
lege  of  Parliament,  and  the  Antiquity  of  the  House  of 
Commons  Assured,  Lon.,  1689;    The  True  and  Ancient 
Jurisdiction  of  the  House  of  Peers,  Lon.,  1699  j  Enquiry 
into  the  Jurisdiction  of  the  Chancery,  in  Causes  of  Equity, 
Lon.,  1695.     He  pub.  two  pamphlets  in  defence  of  Lord 
Eussel's  innocency,  1689.     When  applied  to  for  his  advice 
in  the  case  of  Lord  William  Kussel,  he  freely  gave  it,  and 

rnounced  the  following  memorable  declaration,  for  which  j 
is  entitled  to  the  thanks  of  all  friends  of  constitutional 
liberty: 

"  There  is,  nor  ought  to  be,  no  such  thing  as  constructive  treason ; 
it  defeats  the  very  scope  and  design  of  the  statute  of  the  25th  of 
Edward  III.,  which  is  to  make  a  plain  declaration  what  shall  be 
adjudged  treason  by  the  ordinary  courts  of  justice." 

Atkyus,  Sir  Robt.,  1647-1711,  son  of  the  preceding, 
is  chiefly  known  by  his  work  entitled  The  Antient  and  Pre 
sent  State  of  Glostershire,  "  a  large  folio  volume,  beauti 
fully  printed"  in  1712,  the  year  after  Sir  Robert's  decease. 
Dr.  Parsons,  a  former  chancellor  of  the  diocese,  had  been 
at  great  pains  and  trouble  to  collect  the  materials  for  a 
history  of  the  county,  but  was  prevented  by  ill  health  i 
from  completing  his  design.  Atkyns  had  the  advantage 
of  his  valuable  collection. 

"  It  was  very  expensive  to  the  undertaker,  who  printed  it  in  a 
pompous  manner,  adorning  it  with  variety  of  views  and  prospects 
of  the  seats  ef  the  gentry  and  nobility,  with  their  arms."  "  It 
were  to  be  wished  that  more  authorities  had  been  given  and  the 
charters  and  grants  published  in  the  original  language." — GOUGH. 
The  transcripts  of  all  these  were  collected  by  Parsons. 
On  the  night  of  Jan.  29-30,  1712-13,  a  fire  took  place  at 
Mr.  Bowyer's  printing  office,  and 

"  Among  the  articles  which  perished  by  this  sudden  and  awful 
visitation  was  by  far  the  greater  number  of  Sir  Robert  Atkyns'  valu 
able  'History  of  Gloucestershire;'  a  few  copies  only  of  it  having 
been  snatched  from  the  flames,  of  which  they  still  retain  indelible 
marks." — Nichols's  Literary  Anecdotes,  vol.  i. 

Mr.  Herbert  republished  this  work  in  1768.  Great  part 
of  this  second  edition  was  also  destroyed  by  fire.  Dr.  Du- 
carel,  in  the  preparation  of  his  Repertory  of  Endowments 
of  Vicarages,  drew  for  Gloucester  principally  from  Atkyns 
and  the  Worcester  Register. 

Atlay,  Jos.  Work  on  Distillery,  Lon.,  1794. 
Atlee,  Washington  L.,  M.D.,  born  Feb.  22d,  1808, 
at  Lancaster,  Penn. ;  a  distinguished  lecturer  and  medical 
writer.  Prof.  Atlee  has  rendered  great  service  to  the  cause 
of  medicine  in  the  United  States,  having  contributed  up 
wards  of  forty  valuable  papers  to  the  principal  Medical 
Journals  in  the  Union.  He  is  also  the  author  of  thirteen 
pamphlets,  addresses,  and  lectures  on  Medicine,  Chemistry, 
Botany,  &c. 

Atmore,  C.    Chandler's  Hist,  of  the  Persecution,  1813. 
Atterbury,  English  glee  composer,  the  author  of  the 
popular  glee,  "  Come,  let  us  all  a  Maying  go,"  <fcc. 

Atterbury,  Francis,  1662-1732,  Bishop  of  Roches 
ter,  was  born  at  Milton  Keynes,  near  Newport-Pagnell, 
where  his  father,  Dr.  Lewis  Atterbury,  was  rector.  In 
1676  he  was  admitted  a  King's  scholar  at  Westminster, 
under  Dr.  Busby ;  in  1680  he  was  elected  a  student  of 
Christ  Church,  Oxford.  His  proficiency  in  the  classics 
soon  brought  him  into  considerable  notice.  In  1682  he 
published  a  Latin  version  of  Dryden's  Absalom  and  Ahith- 
ophel,  and  two  years  later  edited  some  Latin  poems  by 
Italian  authors.  In  1690  he  married  Miss  Osborn,  a  lady 
celebrated  for  her  beauty — said  to  be  a  niece  of  the  Duke 
of  Leeds.  He  took  a  considerable  part  in  the  famous  con 
troversy  respecting  the  authenticity  of  the  Epistles  of 
Phalaris,  in  which  battle  Dr.  Richard  Bentley  and  the  Hon. 
Charles  Boyle  were  the  principal  combatants.  We  know 
from  his  own  assertion  that  more  than  half  of  Boyle's 
"  Examination"  was  written  by  Atterbury  :  Dr.  Smalridge 
and  others  bearing  a  part  in  this  unfortunate  production. 
(See BENTLEY, RICHARD;  BOYLE,  CHARLES.) 

The  Sermons  of  Atterbury  attracted  great  attention 
from  the  first,  and  soon  gave  rise  to  controversies  which 
we  have  merely  time  to  refer  to.  Hoadley,  Burnet,  and 
Wake,  were  no  mean  antagonists,  but  our  champion  seems 
never  to  have  been  intimidated  by  numbers  or  awed  by 
the  fear  of  names.  See  a  list  of  works  on  both  sides  the 
Convocation  Controversy  in  the  Biographia  Britannica. 
£0 


Our  author,  always  willing  to  lend  a  hand  in  a  contest, 
composed  for  Dr.  Sacheverell  a  great  portion  of  the  speech 
delivered  by  him  at  his  trial.  In  1713  Atterbury  was 
raised  to  the  see  of  Rochester,  with  the  deanery  of  West 
minster  in  commendam.  It  has  been  thought  that  the  pri 
macy  would  not  have  been  above  his  reach,  had  not  the 
Queen's  death,  in  1714,  interposed  an  effectual  bar  to  all 
his  prospects  of  advancement.  The  present  prosperity, 
and  hopes  for  the  future,  of  Atterbury,  and  the  political 
party  to  which  he  was  attached,  were  buried  with  Queen 
Anne.  There  had  been  some  talk  among  the  ministers  of 
proclaiming  the  Pretender  upon  the  death  of  the  Queen, 
and  Atterbury  is  said  (upon  doubtful  authority)  to  have 
offered  to  proclaim  the  Pretender  in  his  lawn  sleeves  at 
Charing  Cross,  and  to  have  declared — while  Bolingbroke 
and  Ormond  were  protesting — "Never  was  better  cause 
lost  for  want  of  spirit."  George  I.  naturally  regarded  At 
terbury  with  distrust,  and  in  1722  there  was  thought  suf 
ficient  grounds  to  authorize  his  arrest  and  committal  to 
the  Tower  on  a  charge  of  high  treason.  How  far  this 
charge  was  justifiable  by  the  facts  will  perhaps  always 
remain  a  matter  of  uncertainty.  On  the  16th  of  May,  1722, 
he  was  condemned  to  the  "  deprivation  of  all  his  offices 
and  benefices,  and  to  suffer  perpetual  exile."  His  defence 
excited  great  admiration  for  the  boldness  and  eloquence 
by  which  it  was  distinguished.  On  going  ashore  at  Ca 
lais,  he  was  informed  that  Lord  Bolingbroke — who,  after 
the  rising  of  parliament,  had  received  the  king's  pardon — 
was  arrived  at  the  same  place  on  his  return  to  England, 
whereupon  he  is  reputed  to  have  observed,  with  an  air  of 
pleasantry,  "  Then  I  am  exchanged."  Abroad  he  was  ac 
tive  in  behalf  of  the  Pretender,  which  gives  good  grounds 
for  the  belief  that  he  was  not  hardly  dealt  with  in  the 
sentence  of  exile.  Atterbury  died  at  Paris,  Feb.  15th, 
1731-2,  in  the  70th  year  of  his  age.  His  favourite  daugh 
ter,  Mrs.  Morice,  visited  him  in  Paris,  1729,  she  being  then 
in  a  decline,  and  only  survived  the  voyage  twenty-four 
hours.  Pope  (who  was  warmly  attached  to  the  bishop) 
has  recorded  this  affecting  incident  in  the  following  lines : 
SHE  :  "  Yes,  we  have  lived, — one  pang  and  then  we  part ! 
May  Heaven,  dear  father,  now  have  all  thy  heart  1 
Yet,  ah !  how  much  we  loved,  remember  still, 
Till  you  are  dust  like  me." 
HE:  "Dear  shade,  I  will! 

Then  mix  this  dust  with  thine,  0  spotless  ghost  1 
Oh  more  than  fortune,  friends,  or  country  lost! 
Is  there  on  earth  one  care,  one  wish  beside  ? 
Yes!  Save  my  country,  Heav'n!  he  said,  and  died!" 
Atterbury's  writings  were  almost  entirely  of  a  contro 
versial  character.  His  publications  commence  with  the 
Absalomand  Ahithophel, trans,  into  Latin  verse  1682,  and 
conclude  with  a  belligerent  title,  in  The  Voice  of  the  people 
no  voice  of  God,  1710.  The  Memoirs  of  his  Life  and 
Conduct,  were  pub.  in  1723.  Four  volumes  of  his  Sermons 
in  1740.  His  Epistolary  Correspondence,  <fcc.,  by  J.  Nichols, 
8vo.  4  vols.,  in  1783.  Private  Correspondence  in  1768. 
Miscellaneous  Works  with  Historical  Notes,  by  J.  Nichols, 
5  vols.  Three  vols.  containing  Sermons,  Discourses,  and 
Letters,  have  been  since  republished,  1789-98. 

With  Pope,  Swift,  and  many  of  the  principal  literary 
characters  of  his  day,  he  was  on  terms  of  friendship,  and 
was  held  in  great  esteem  by  his  associates,  as  a  man  of 
great  abilities  and  a  skilful  politician.  We  need  hardly 
say  that  we  cannot  consider  him  as  a  fitting  representative 
of  primitive  episcopacy.  There  have  been  many  brighter 
illustrations  of  the  true  character  of  a  Christian  bishop 
than  our  bold,  declamatory,  and  mettlesome  prelate.  Pope 
thus  alludes  to  his  friend  when  transferred,  from  the  wonted 
comforts  and  luxuries  of  his  own  halls,  to  the  hospitalities 
of  the  house  of  bondage  : 

"  How  pleasing  Atterbury's  softer  hour! 
How  shined  his  soul  unconquered  in  the  Tower!" 

Epilogue  tn  the  Sat.  Dialogue. 

Swift,  in  an  imaginary  dialogue  between  himself  and 
Stella,  speaks  of  a  dean  to  be  discovered  by  Stella's  inge 
nuity  : 

"  A  little  black  man  of  pretty  near  fifty."  "  The  same."  "  A 
good  pleasant  man."  "Aye,  the  same."  "Cunning  enough." 
"  Yes."  "  One  that  understands  his  own  interest."  "  As  well  as 
any  body."  "  A  very  good  face,  and  abundance  of  wit.  ...  I 
mean  Dr.  Atterbury,  Dean  of  Carlisle."  See  JRose's  Biog.  Did.; 
Cunningham's  Biog.  History  of  England. 

"  His  person,  it  is  to  be  confessed,  is  no  small  recommendation, 
but  he  is  to  be  highly  commended  for  not  losing  that  advantage. 
and  adding  propriety  of  speech— which  might  pass  the  criticism  of 
Longinus — an  action  which  would  have  been  approved  by  Demos 
thenes.  He  never  attempts  your  passions  till  he  has  convinced 
your  reason." — A  writer  in  the  Tutler. 


Smalridge  styles  him 
"  Vir  in  nullo  literarur 


im  genere  hospes,  in  plerisque  artibus  e 

studiis  duo  et  feliciter  exercitatus,  in  maxime  perfectis  literarum 
disciplines  perfectissimus." 


ATT 

«  Atterbury  was,  on  the  whole,  rather  a  man  of  ability  than  a 
jrenius.  He  writes  more  with  elegance  and  correctness,  than  with 
force  of  thinking  or  reasoning.  His  letters  to  Pope  are  too  much 
crowded  with  very  trite  quotations  from  the  classics."— WARTON. 

Dr.  Warburton  had  a  mean  opinion  of  his  critical  abili 
ties,  and  of  his  Discourse  on  the  lapis  of  Virgil. 

"A  very  learned  correspondence  took  place  between  Bishops 
Potter  and  Atterbury  respecting  the  times  in  which  the  Four  Gos 
pels  were  written;  which  is  preserved  in  the  Epistolary  Corres 
pondence  of  Atterbury."— Nichols's  Literary  Anecdotes. 

"  His  controversial  writings  are  brilliant,  but  shallow ;  his  criti 
cisms  evince  more  taste  and  fancy  than  erudition ;  and  his  trans 
lations  from  Horace,  have,  as  it  is  now  generally  admitted,  obtained 
greater  praise  than  they  merit.  His  sermons,  however,  it  must  be 
confessed,  are  clear,  forcible,  and,  though  never  sublime,  occasion 
ally  eloquent  and  pathetic ;  and  his  letters,  on  which  his  fame  as 
a  writer,  must  principally  depend,  are  superior  even  to  those  of 
pope." — Georgian  Era. 

"  Atterbury  was  nothing  more  nor  less  than  a  Jacobite  priest : 
his  writings  were  extolled  by  that  faction ;  but  his  letter  on  Cla 
rendon's  History  is  truly  excellent."— HORACE  WALPOLE. 

"  Sir  John  Pringle  had  expressed  a  wish  that  I  would  ask  Dr. 
Johnson's  opinion  what  were  the  best  English  sermons  for  style. 
I  took  an  opportunity  to-day  of  mentioning  several  to  him.  '  At 
terbury  ?'  JOHNSON  : '  Yes,  sir,  one  of  the  best.' " — BoswcWs  Johnson. 
With  reference  to  the  mention  of  Atterbury 's  letters,  read 
his  very  affecting  epistle  to  Pope,  when  the  bishop  was 
about  embarking  for  a  foreign  shore ;  an  exile,  in  adver 
sity  and  disgrace !  His  influence  over  Pope  must  have 
been  great,  as  the  following  instances  prove  : 

"  I  had  flung  all  my  learning  into  the  Deucalion  in  my  Epic 
Poem,  as  indeed  Milton  has  done  too  much  in  his  Paradise  Lost. 
The  Bishop  of  Rochester  advised  me  to  burn  it:  I  saw  his  advice 
was  well  grounded,  and  followed  it,  though  not  without  some  re 
gret.  Again :  I  wrote  four  books  towards  it,  [Alcander,  Prince  of 
Rhodes,]  of  about  a  thousand  verses  each ;  and  had  the  copy  by  me 
till  I  burnt  it,  by  the  advice  of  the  Bishop  of  Rochester,  a  little 
before  he  went  abroad."  See  Spencers  Anecdotes. 

"  He  is  the  glory  of  our  English  orators.  In  his  writings  we  see 
language  in  its  strictest  purity  and  beauty.  There  is  nothing 
dark,  nothing  redundant,  nothing  obscure,  nothing  misplaced."— 
DR.  DODDRIDGE. 

Bickersteth  commends  The  Rights  and  Powers  and  Pri 
vileges  of  an  English  Convocation,  as  "  written  with  vigour 
and  perspicuity,"  but  considers  Archbishop  Wake's  answer 
as  "  a  full  reply :"  of  his  sermons  he  remarks,  "  A  low  tone 
of  divinity,  in  a  polished  style  of  writing." 

"He  was  a  polite  writer.  His  Sermons  probably  owed  most 
of  their  fame,  among  his  contemporaries,  who  have  lavishly  ap 
plauded  him,  to  his  mode  of  delivery  in  the  pulpit,  for  the  Tatler 
says  it  was  such  as  would  have  been  approved  by  Longinus  and 
Demosthenes." — DR.  KNOX. 

"  In  Sherlock  and  Atterbury  are  apparent  the  highest  powers  of 
the  mind,  and  the  most  unaffected  eloquence." — Quarterly  Revieiv. 
"  Atterbury  excels  in  purity  of  language,  delicacy  of  thought, 
and  graceful  allusions." — DR.  E.  WILLIAMS. 

Atterbury,  Lewis,  1631-1693,  father  of  the  preced 
ing,  was  entered  at  Christ  Church,  Oxf.,  in  1647. 

'•  He  submitted  to  the  Authority  of  the  visitors  appointed  by  the 
Parliament." — WOOD. 

He  pub.  three  Sermons,  viz :  1.  A  Good  Subject,  on  Prov. 
xxiv.  21,  22,  Lon.,  1684.  2.  The  Ground  of  Christian 
Feasts,  Lon.,  1685.  3.  Babylon's  Downfall,  Lon:,  1691. 

Atterbury,  Lewis,  1656-1731,  eldest  son  of  the  pre 
ceding,  was  entered  at  Christ  Church,  Oxf.,  in  1674.  He 
pub.  several  sermons,  1687-1705;  two  treatises  on  the 
Popish  controversy,  and  translated  from  the  French,  Ma 
dame  La  Valliere's  Penitent  Lady,  1684,  and  the  Re-union 
of  Christians,  1708.  Mr.  Yardley  pub.  his  Select  Sermons 
in  1743. 

"  He  was  happy  in  a  plain  and  intelligible  way  of  expressing 
himself,  and  therefore  was  the  less  careful  of  turning  and  smooth 
ing  his  periods." — YARDLEY. 

Attersol,  Wm.  Commentary  upon  Philemon,  Lon., 
1612.  The  New  Covenant,  1614.  Commentary  upon 
Numbers,  1618. 

"A  very  full  exposition;  practical  and  evangelical."— BICKER- 
STETFI. 

Three  Treatises,  upon  Luke  xiii.  1;  xii.  1,  and  upon 
Jonah  iii.  4. 

^Atton.  On  Beautifying  a  Church;  Serm.  Mark  iv.  9, 
1767. 

Atwell,  George,  of  Cambridge,  author  of  a  Defense 
of  Astrology,  Lon.,  1660.  The  Faithful  Surveyor,  Camb., 
1662.  Mr.  Atwell  is  spoken  of  with  respect  by  his  illus 
trious  contemporary,  Sir  Isaac  Newton. 

Atwell,  Jos.,  d.  1768,  "eminent  for  his  learning  and 

piety,"  was  a  contributor  to  Phil.  Trans.,  1732-36. 

Atwood,  G.     Serm.  Death  Prince  of  Wales,  1751. 

Atwood,  G.   Review  of  Stat.  and  Ord.  of  Assize,  1801. 

Atwood,  Geo.,  1745-1807,  a  mathematician  of  note, 

and  financial  private  secretary  to  Wm.  Pitt,  completed  his 

studies  in  Trinity  Coll.,  Camb.,  where  he  was  afterwards  a 

Fellow  and  a  tutor.     He  was  an  excellent  lecturer,  and 

Mr.  Pitt  was  one  of  his  most  attentive  auditors.     In  1784 

ae  pub.  his  Treatise  upon  the  Rectilinear  Motion  and  Ro- 


AUB 

,ation  of  Bodies,  which  was  very  favourably  received. 
He  pub.  An  Analysis  of  a  course  of  Lectures  on  the  Prin 
ciples  of  Natural  Philosophy,  in  the  same  year.  Disserta 
tion  on  Arches,  1801-5.  He  was  a  contributor  to  the  Phil. 
Trans.,  1781-98. 

"  The  latter  years  of  his  life  were  spent  in  much  suffering,  from 
the  infirmities  brought  on  by  intense  application — by  that  worst 
of  all  complaints,  the  literary  malady.  His  powers  of  application 
were  very  great,  and  his  accuracy  as  a  calculator  never  surpassed." 
—Rose's  Biog.  Diet. 

Atwood,  Thos.  History  of  Dominica,  Lon.  1791. 
Observations  relative  to  Negro  Slaves  in  the  Brit.  W.  I. 
Islands,  Lon.,  1790.  Observations  on  Currency,  Popula 
tion,  and  Pauperism,  in  two  letters  to  A.  Young,  Esq.,  1818. 
Atwood,  Thos.,  1765-1838,  an  Eng.  Mus.  Composer 
of  note. 

Atwood,  Wm.,  published  a  number  of  Historical  and 
Antiquarian  Treatises,  Lon.,  1680-1705.  The  best  known 
of  his  works  is  The  Superiority  and  Direct  Dominion  of 
the  Crown  of  England  over  the  Crown  and  Kingdom  of 
Scotland,  asserted  against  Sir  Thomas  Craig,  in  which  he 
endeavoured  to  prove  that  the  Kings  of  Scotland  had  done 
homage  and  paid  fealty  for  their  kingdom  to  the  Kings  of 
England  as  lords  paramount;  so  distasteful  was  this  doc 
trine  to  the  parliament  of  Scotland,  that  they  ordered  the 
offensive  production  in  which  it  was  contained  to  be  burned 
by  the  common  hangman,  whilst  Dr.  Anderson,  for  his  an 
swer  to  this  alleged  libel,  under  the  title  of  An  Historical 
Essay,  showing  that  the  Crown  and  Kingdom  of  Scotland 
is  Imperial  and  Independent,  received  a  vote  of  thanks  from 
the  same  august  body.  See  ANDERSON,  JAMES.  Atwood 
was  Chief-Justice  of  New  York,  but  fled  in  1702. 

Auale,  Lemeke.  A  Commemoration  or  Dirge  of 
Bastarde  Edmonde  Boner,  alias  Sauage,  vsurped  Bisshoppe 
of  London.  Compiled  by  Lemeke  Auale,  1569. 

"  A  most  virulent  piece  of  personal  invective,  written  in  the 
Skeltonic  measure,  in  which  the  descent  of  Bonner  is  pretended 
to  be  traced  from  a  juggler,  a  cut-purse,  and  a  Tom  o'Bedlam." 
Bindley's  sale,  £3  15s. 

Auber,   Peter,    Secretary  to  the    East    India  Co. 
Analysis  of  the  Constitution  of  the  East  India  Company, 
and  of  the  laws  passed  by  Parliament  for  the  government 
of  their  affairs  at  home  and  abroad,  Lon.,  1826. 
"  A  valuable  and  useful  publication." 
Rise  and  Progress  of  the  Brit.  Power  in  India,  1837. 
"  A  valuable  work,  in  the  preparation  of  which  the  author  en 
joyed  access,  from  his  position,  to  official  materials  of  the  most 
important  character." 

Aubert,  Alex.V.,  1729-1805,  President  of  th'e  Society 
of  Antiquaries,  contributed  to  Phil.  Trans.  1769,  76,  83,  84. 
An  bin, P.  Life  and  Adven.of  the  Lady  Lucy,Lon.,1726. 
Aubrey,  John,  1627-1697,  an  eminent  antiquary  and 
naturalist,  was  entered  a  gentleman-commoner  of  Trinity 
Coll.,  Oxf.,  in  1642.  His  k;  Miscellanies"  is  a  very  curious 
collection  of  remarks  upon  a  variety  of  supernatural  sub 
jects,  such  as  Transportation  in  the  Air,  Day  Fatality, 
Local  Fatality,  Blows  Invisible,  Knockings,  Impulses, 
Converse  with  Angels  and  Spirits,  &c. ;  pub.  in  1696,  and 
often  reprinted.  He  left  a  number  of  works  in  MS.  His 
Perambulation  of  the  County  of  Surrey,  with  additions 
of  Dr.  Rawlinson,  5  vols.,  was  pub.  1719-25.  In  1813, 
appeared  Letters  written  by  eminent  Persons  in  17th  and 
18th  Centuries,  with  Lives  of  Eminent  Men,  by  John 
Aubrey,  3  vols.  Aubrey's  Collection  for  Wilts  was  pub 
lished  in  1821.  Anthony  Wood,  who  has  drawn  consider 
ably  in  his  Athen.  Oxon.  from  Aubrey's  biographical  MSS., 
speaks  highly  of  him  in  the  second  volume  of  his  Fasti, 
and  in  his  History  of  the  University  of  Oxford;  but  after 
his  quarrel  with  him,  he  gives  him  the  character  of 

"  A  shiftless  person,  roving  and  magotie-headed,  and  sometimes 
little  better  than  erased.    And  being  exceedingly  credulous,  would 
stuff  his  many  letters  sent  to  A.  W.  with  fooleries  and  misinforma 
tions,  which  sometimes  would  guide  him  into  the  paths  of  error." 
Mr.  Toland  remarks  of  our  author — 
"  Though  he  was  extremely  superstitious,  or  seemed  to  be  so, 
yet  he  was  a  very  honest  man,  and  most  accurate  in  his  account 
of  matters  of  feet.    But  the  facts  he  knew,  not  the  reflections  he 
made,  were  what  I  wanted." 

"  Whatever  Wood,  in  a  peevish  humour,  may  have  thought  or 
said  of  Mr.  Aubrey,  by  whose  labours  he  highly  profited,  or  how 
ever  fantastical  Aubrey  may  have  been  on  the  subject  of  chemistry 
or  ghosts,  his  character  for  veracity  has  never  been  impeached; 
and  as  a  very  diligent  antiquary,  his  testimony  is  worthy  of  at 
tention." — M  ALONE. 

It  is  worthy  of  observation  that  Wood's  account  of 
Milton  was  literally  transcribed  from  Aubrey's  MS.,  who 
was  intimately  acquainted  with  the  great  poet.  Gifford 
despatches  Aubrey  in  his  usual  Jeffrey  style : 

"Whoever  expects  a  rational  account  of  any  fact,  however 
trite,  from  Aubrey,  will  meet  with  disappointment.  .  .  .  Aubrey 
thought  little,  believed  much,  and  confused  every  thing."— Life 
of  Ben.  Jonson. 

But  Mr.  Gifford  is  not  infallible.     Sir  Richard  Colt 

81 


AWS 


AYS 


gory  Scott's  Brief  Treatise  against  certayne  Errors,  1574." 
— Rose's  Biog.  Diet. 

Awsiter,  John,  M.D.     Prof.  Works,  Lon.,  1763-69. 

Axferd,  John.  Coins,  Weights,  and  Measures  of  ; 
the  Bible. 

Ayckbourn,  Hubert.     The  New  Chancery  Practice;  | 
a  condensed  Treatise  of  the  Practice  of  the  Court  of  Chan-  j 
eery,   as    altered    by    the    recent    statutes    and    orders; 
2ded. 

In  connexion  with  T.  Ayckbourn,  Chancery  Practice; 
5th  ed.,  1855,  12mo.  Forms  of  Proceedings  in  Chancery, 
12mo;  5th  ed.,  1855. 

Ayerigg,  Benj.   Wedding  Sermon,  1  Cor.  vii.  20, 1715. 

Ayers,  Ph.     The  Fortunate  Fool. 

Ayerst,  Win.  The  Duty  and  Motives  of  Praying  for 
Peace.  Ps.  cxxii.  6-9,  1712. 

Aylesbury,  Thomas.     Sermons,  pub.  1622-59. 

Aylesbury,  Wm.  Trans,  into  English,  Davila's  His 
tory  of  the  Civil  Wars  of  France. 

"  The  king  [Charles  I.]  was  pleased  to  command  him  to  translate  ' 
Davila's  History,  (he  being  a  perfect  master  of  the  Italian  Ian-  j 
guage,)  which  he  did  with  the  assistance  of  his  constant  friend,  Sir  i 
Charles  Cotterel." 

Aylett,  Geo.     Surgical  Works,  Lon.,  1744-59. 

Aylett,  Robt,  LL.D.,  a  Master  in  Chancery.     Peace 
with  her  four   Garders ;    (including  Susanna,  <fec.,)  Lon., 
1622.     A  Wife  not  ready  made,  but  bespoken,  1653.     A 
poetical  Pleading  for  and  against  Marriage.     Divine  and 
moral  Speculations,  1654.   Devotions ;  viz. :  1.  A  good  Wo 
man's  Prayer.     2.  The  humble  Man's  Prayer,  1 655.     See  '': 
Censura  Literaria;  Restituta;  Lowndes's  Bibl.  Man.     Dr. 
Aylett  gives  the  following  as  his  own  epitaph. 
"  Haec  suprema  dies,  sit  mini  prima  quies." 
"  Lord!  let  this  last  be  my  first  day  of  rest." — Restituta. 

Wood  states  that  it  was  the  common  report  that  Robt. 
Aylett  was  the  author  of  Britannia  Antiqua  Illustrata, 
published  under  the  name  of  his  nephew.  Aylett  Sammes. 
When  speaking  of  this  unlucky  gentlemen,  old  Anthony 
"  remembers  his  swashing  blow,"  and  disposes  of  him  in 
the  following  trenchant  style : 

"  The  common  report  then  was,  that  not  he,  but  his  quondam 
Uncle,  was  the  author ;  and  to  confirm  it,  was  his  great  ignorance 
in  Matters  and  Books  of  Antiquity.     I  was  several  times  in  his  • 
company  when  he  spent  some  weeks  this  Year  in  Oxon.,  and  found  j 
him  to  be  an  impertinent,  girning,  [grinning,]  and  pedantical  cox 
comb  ;  and  so  ignorant  of  Authors,  that  he  never  heard,  before  I  : 
mentioned  it  to  him,  of  the  great  Antiquary,  John  Leland,  or  of  his  ] 
printed  or  manuscript  Works,  nor  any  thing  of  Baleus;  nor  could 
he  give  any  account  of  Authors  that  are  quoted  in  the  said  Brit- 
tannia  Antiqua  Illustrata,  Ac." 

Ayleway,  or  Ayleworth,  Wm.  Epithalamia  in 
Nuptias  Caroli  II.,  Lon.,  1652.  Sermon,  1662.  Metaphy- 
sica  Scholastica,  <fec.,  Colon.,  1675. 

Ayliffe,  John,  LL.D.,  a  Fellow  of  New  College  in 
Oxford,  pub.  The  Ancient  and  Present  State  of  the  Uni 
versity  of  Oxford,  (Lon.,  1714,)  compiled  chiefly  from 
Wood's  History  of  Oxford.  The  work  gave  so  much  offence 
from  alleged  aspersions  and  misrepresentations,  that  an 
order  was  decreed  consigning  it  to  the  hands  of  the  hang 
man  to  be  burnt,  and  Ayliffe  was  degraded,  and  expelled 
the  University.  In  1716  he  pub.  an  account  of  this  matter 
in  this  "  Case."  He  also  gave  to  the  world,  1.  Parergon 
Juris  Canonici  Anglican!,  1726;  2.  The  Law  of  Pawns, 
Lon.,  1732;  A  New  Pandect  of  the  Roman  Civil  Law,  1734. 

"Ayliffe's  work,  though  learned,  is  dull  and  tedious,  and  stuffed 
with  superfluous  matter,  delivered  in  a  most  confused  manner." — 
Preface  to  Browns  Civ.  Law. 

Aylmer,G. J.   Introduc.  to  Prac.Arithmetic,Lon.,1812. 

Aylmer,  or  /Elmer,  John,  1521-1594,  an  eminent 
English  prelate,  was  at  one  time  chaplain  to  the  Marquis 
of  Dorset,  afterwards  Duke  of  Suffolk,  and  tutor  to  his 
daughter,  Lady  Jane  Grey.  See  ASCHAM,  ROGER.  In 
the  convocation  held  in  the  first  year  of  Queen  Mary,  he 
was  one  of  the  six  learned  men  who  offered  to  dispute  all 
the  controverted  points  in  religion  against  the  most  learned 
champions  of  the  Papists.  Obliged  to  leave  his  country, 
he  found  a  quiet  retreat  at  Zurich.  Whilst  abroad,  he 
answered  a  treatise  pub.  by  John  Knox,  at  Geneva,  in 
1558,  against  the  government  of  women.  The  title  of  this 
answer  is  sufficiently  curious  to  be  extracted : 

"  An  Harborowe  for  faithfull  and  trewe  subiectes,  against  the 
late  blowne  Blaste  concerning  the  Gouerinet  of  Wemen ;  wherein 
be  confuted  al  such  reasons  as  a  straunger  of  late  made  in  that  be- 
halfe.  With  a  Brief  Exhortation  to  Obedience.  Strasb.,  1559,  4to." 

Upon  the  accession  of  Elizabeth,  he  returned,  and  in 
1562  was  made  Archdeacon  of  Lincoln,  and  in  1576  was 
promoted  to  the  bishopric  of  London,  upon  the  translation 
of  Bishop  Sandys  to  York. 

"  He  was  well  learned  in  the  languages,  was  a  ready  disputant, 
and  a  deep  divine."— Athen.  Oxon. 

Wood  tells  us  of  an  instance  of  his  tact  in  exciting  the 


attention  of  an  inattentive  auditory,  which  device,  or 
something  equally  efficacious,  we  commend  to  some  preach 
ers  of  our  own  day. 

"  When  his  Auditory  grew  dull  and  inattentive  he  would,  with 
some  pretty  and  unexpected  conceit,  move  them  to  attention. 
Among  the  rest  was  this :  He  read  a  long  Text  in  Hebrew,  where 
upon  all  seemed  to  listen  what  would  come  after  such  strange 
Words,  as  if  they  had  taken  it  for  some  conjuration :  then  he 
shewed  their  folly,  that  when  he  spake  English,  whereby  they 
might  be  instructed  and  edified,  they  neglected,  and  hearkened 
not  to  it ;  and  now  to  read  Hebrew,  which  they  understood  no 
word  of,  they  seem'd  careful  and  attentive." 

Aylmer,  John.  Musas  Sacra:  seu  Jonas,  Jeremiae, 
Threni,  et  Daniae,  Graeco  redditne,  carmine,  Oxon.,  1652. 

Aylmer,  Justin.     Assize  Sermon  :  1  Pet.  ii.  7,  1704. 

Aylmer,  Wm.,  a  convert  from  Popery.  A  Recanta 
tion  Sermon,  on  2  Pet.  ii.  1,  against  the  errors  of  Popery, 
particularly  Transubstantiation,  &c.,  Oxon.,  1713. 

Aylotfe,  Sir  Joseph,  1709-1781,  a  distinguished  anti 
quary,  was  entered  at  St.  John's  College,  Oxf.  in  1724.  He 
completed  a  Calendar  of  the  Ancient  Charters,  and  of  the 
Scotch  and  Welsh  Rolls  in  the  Tower  of  London,  (pub. 
Lon.,  1780,)  commenced  by  the  Rev.  Philip  Morant.  He 
contributed  some  papers  to  the  Archeologia,  (see  vol.  iii., 
pp.  185,  239,  376,)  and  aided  in  editing  second  editions  of 
Hearne's  Leland's  Collecteana,  his  Liber  Niger,  and  his 
Curious  Discourses.  Mr.  Thorp  had  the  benefit  of  his  ser 
vices  in  the  publication  of  the  Registrum  Roffense,  in 
1769.  He  also  contributed  to  the  publication  of  the  So 
ciety  of  Antiquaries,  and  to  the  Vetusta  Monumenta.  Mr. 
Gough,  referring  to  his  own  Sepulchral  Monuments  of 
Great  Britain,  thus  deplores  the  loss  of  our  author,  to 
whom  he  applies  a  title  which  few  men  better  deserved 
than  Mr.  Gough  himself: 

"  The  Society  of  Antiquaries  have  published  engravings  of  Five 
Monuments  in  Westminster  Abbey,  with  an  accurate  description 
by  the  Montfaucon  of  England,  the  late  Sir  Joseph  Ayloffe.  When 
I  reflect  on  his  intimate  acquaintance  with  every  part  of  that 
valuable  structure,  and  the  opportunities  he  had  for  pursuing 
his  inquiries  there,  I  am  at  a  loss  whether  to  lament  his  reluctance 
to  continue  what  he  had  so  happily  begun,  or  my  own  presumption 
in  attempting  to  supply  his  knowledge  by  vain  conjectures.  He 
closed  a  life  devoted  to  the  study  of  our  National  Antiquities  be 
fore  three  sheets  of  this  work  had  passed  the  press ;  and  it  can 
only  pay  a  tribute  to  his  abilities." — Nichols's  Literary  Anecdotes. 

"  His  extensive  knowledge  of  our  national  antiquities  and  mu 
nicipal  rights,  and  the  agreeable  manner  in  which  he  communi 
cated  it  to  his  friends  and  the  public,  made  him  sincerely  regretted 
by  all  who  had  the  pleasure  of  his  acquaintance." 

Ayme, Isaac.  Trichiasisadmodumrara,&c.,Lon.,1684. 

Aymes,  John.  A  Rich  Storehouse  for  the  Diseased, 
Lon.,  1670. 

Ayray,  Jas.  A  Sermon  at  the  Spanish  Ambassador's 
Chapel,  on  John  i.  19,  1689. 

Ayre,  John.     The  Mystery  of  Godliness,  Lon.,  1837. 

Ayre,  Joseph.  Christian  Philanthropist's  Pilgrim 
age  ;  a  Poem,  Lon.,  12mo.  Nature  and  Origin  of  Dropsies, 
8vo.  Disorders  of  the  Liver,  8vo.  Treatment  of  Cholera 
by  Calomel,  8vo.  Dropsy  in  the  Brain,  8vo. 

Ayre,  Wm.  Memories  of  Alex.  Pope,  Lon.,  1745; 
Four  Ethic  Epistles  opposing  some  of  Mr.  Pope's  Opinions 
of  Man.,  1752. 

Ayres,  J.  A.     Legends  of  Montauk,  12mo,  N.  Y. 

Ayres,  John.  Works  upon  Arithmetic  and  Writing, 
1693-1700.  The  most  celebrated  penman  of  his  day. 

Ayres,  P.  Emblems  of  Love,  1687;  Poems,  1687; 
Fables,  Lon.,  1689. 

Ayres,  W.  T.  Notes  on  Blackstone's  Com.,  Dub.,  1780. 
Severely  criticized  in  the  Lon.  Monthly  Review. 

Ayrton,  John.  Pharmacologia,  or  the  History  of 
Medical  Substances,  1818. 

Ayrton,  S.     Practice  in  Bankruptcy,  Lon.,  1840. 

Ayrton,  Edmund,  d.  1808,  an  Eng.  musical  composer. 

Ayscough,  Francis.     Sermons  pub.  1736-55. 

Ayscough,  Geo.  Edward,  edited  the  Works  of 
George,  Lord  Lyttleton,  1744;  pub.  Semiramis,  a  Tra 
gedy,  1777 ;  Letters  from  an  Officer,  1778. 

Ayscough,  Philip.     Sermon,  Rom.  i.  19,  1729,  etc. 

Ayscough,  Saiul.,  1745-1804,  a  clergyman,  for  about 
twenty  years  assistant  librarian  in  the  British  Museum. 
In  1783  Mr.  Ayscough  pub.  Remarks  on  the  Letters  of  an 
American  Farmer,  or  a  Detection  of  the  Errors  of  Mr.  J. 
Hector  St.  John,  <fcc.  Charles  Lamb  refers  to  the  work 
reviewed  in  a  letter  in  1805  : 

"  Oh !  tell  Hazlitt  not  to  forget  to  send  me  the  American  Farmer. 
I  dare  say  it  is  not  so  good  a  book  as  he  fancies ;  but  a  book's  a  book. 

Catalogue  of  the  MSS.  Preserved  in  the  British  Museum, 
hitherto  undescribed,  consisting  of  5000  volumes,  Ac., 
Lon.,  1782. 

"  This  elaborate  catalogue  is  upon  a  new  plan,  for  the  excellence 
of  which  an  appeal  may  safely  be  made  to  every  visitor  of  tbe 
Museum  since  the  date  of  its  publication."— CIIALMEKS. 


AYS 

Mr.  Ayscough,  Dr.  Maty,  and  Mr.  Harper  each  contri 
buted  a  third  of  the  labour  in  the  preparation  of  Cata 
logues  Libroruin  Irnpressorum,  qui  in  Museo  Britannico 
ad  servantur,  2  vols.  folio,  1787. 

In  1790,  Mr.  Stockdale  pub.  a  new  edition  of  the  works 
of  Shakspeare,  with  a  "  Copious  Index  to  the  remarkable 
Passages  and  Words,"  by  Mr.  Ayscough.  The  first  octavo 
edition  of  the  great  bard  in  one  volume  was  put  forth  by 
Mr.  Stockdale  in  1784.  Some  objected  to  the  bulk  of  the 
volume,  and  in  the  above  edition  a  second  title-page  was 
printed  for  the  convenience  of  those  who  chose  to  bind 
the  work  in  two  volumes. 

"  But  the  most  valuable  circumstance  attending  this  edition  is 
the  extensive  index  to  Shakspeare,  which  occupies  nearly  700 
payees.  .  .  .  Indices,  useful  in  general,  are  still  more  so  in  the  case 
of  such  authors  as  Shakespeare,  whose  language  has  in  many 
places  become  obsolete  and  obscure  from  time.  .  .  .  An  index, 
like  the  present,  will  often  be  found  to  throw  more  light  on  a  dif 
ficult  passage  of  our  celebrated  bard,  than  all  his  commentators 
put  together." — Lon.  Monthly  Review. 

We  need  hardly  say  that  Mr.  Ayscough's  index,  and  all 
other  works  of  a  similar  character,  have  been  entirely  su 
perseded  by  the  invaluable  Concordance  to  Shakspeare  of 
Mrs.  Mary  Cowden  Clarke.  (See  her  name.)  Mr.  Ays- 
cough  also  compiled  indexes  for  the  Monthly  Review, 
The  British  Critic,  the  first  56  yearly  volumes  of  the  Gen 
tleman's  Magazine,  <fec. 

"  His  labours  in  literature  were  of  the  most  useful-  cast,  and 
manifested  a  patience  and  assiduity  seldom  to  be  met  with ;  and 
his  laborious  exertions  in  the  vast  and  invaluable  library  of  the 
British  Museum,  form  a  striking  instance  of  his  zeal  and  indefati 
gable  attention,  lie  soon  acquired  that  slight  degree  of  knowledge 
in  several  languages,  and  that  technical  knowledge  of  old  books 
and  of  their  authors,  and  particularly  that  skill  in  decyphering  dif 
ficult  writing,  which  amply  answered  the  most  useful  purposes  of 
the  librarian  as  well  as  the  visiting  scholar." — CHALMERS. 

Mr.  Ayscough  died  at  his  apartments  in  the  British  Mu 
seum,  Oct.  30,  1804.  We  avail  ourselves  of  this  oppor 
tunity  to  recommend  most  earnestly  to  all  authors  and 
publishers  the  adoption,  in  all  cases  where  books  are  of 
any  permanent  value,  of  a  copious  index.  Which  of  our 
readers  of  a  literary  turn  has  not,  perhaps  a  dozen  times 
in  a  day,  replaced  a  book  on  its  shelf,  in  disappointment  and 
disgust,  knowing  that  some  passage  was  there  to  which  he 
wished  to  refer,  but  which,  after  an  exhaustion  of  time  and 
patience,  he  was  unable  to  find  from  the  want  of  a  good 
index  ?  It  is  well  remarked  by  the  Lon.  Monthly  Review  : 

"  The  compilation  of  an  index  is  one  of  those  useful  labours  for 
which  the  public,  commonly  better  pleased  with  entertainment 
than  with  real  service,  are  rarely  so  forward  to  express  their  grati 
tude  as  we  think  they  ought  to  be.  It  has  been  considered  as  a 
task  fit  only  for  the  plodding  and  the  dull :  but  with  more  truth, 
it  may  be  said  that  this  is  the  judgment  of  the  idle  and  the  shal 
low.  The  value  of  any  thing,  it  has  been  observed,  is  best  known 
by  the  want  of  it.  Agreeably  to  this  idea,  we,  who  have  often  ex 
perienced  great  inconveniences  from  the  want  of  indices,  entertain 
the  highest  sense  of  their  worth  and  importance.  We  know  that, 
in  the  construction  of  a  good  index,  there  is  far  more  scope  for  the 
exercise  of  judgment  and  abilities,  than  is  commonly  supposed. 
We  feel  the  merits  of  the  compiler  of  such  an  index,  and  we  are 
ever  ready  to  testify  our  thankfulness  for  his  exertions." 

Authors  and  editors  are  often  deterred  from  making  an 
index  by  the  fear  of  labour :  but  this  is  no  excuse ;  if  the 
book  be  worth  publishing,  it  is  worth  an  index,  and  the 
labour  can  be  much  reduced  by  system. 
^  "  A  youth  of  18  has  transcribed  the  whole  of  Xenophon's  Cyri 
Expeditio,  in  order  to  an  Index;  and  has  entered  upon  Thucy- 
dides  for  the  same  purpose.  Another  young  man  here  has  attacked 
Ilarduin's  folio  edition  of  Themistius;  and  the  senior  youths  of 
Magdalen  School  in  Oxford  are  jointly  composing  an  Index  to  the 
first  volume  of  Dr.  Battie's  Isocrates.  ...  Give  me  leave  to  ob 
serve  to  you  that,  experience  has  shown  us  a  way  of  saving  much 
time  (perhaps  more  than  half  of  the  whole  time  required)  in  trans 
cribing  an  Author  for  an  Index,  by  first  transcribing  all  the  words 
of  a  page,  and  then  getting  down  the  number  of  the  page  and  line 
after  each  word  of  the  page,  instead  of  adding  the  number  imme 
diately  as  each  word  is  written."  (The  learned  Mr.  Merrick  in  a 
letter  to  Dr.  M  harton.)— Nichols's  Literary  Anecdotes,  vol.  iv. 

The  following  remarks  abundantly  support  our  position : 

"  Those  authors,  whose  subjects  require  them  to  be  voluminous, 
will  do  well,  if  they  would  be  remembered  as  long  as  possible,  not 
to  omit  a  duty  which  authors  in  general,  but  especially  modern 
authors,  are  too  apt  to  neglect^that  of  appending  to  their  works 
a  good  index.  For  their  deplorable  deficiencies  in  this  respect 
Professor  De  Morgan,  speaking  of  historians,  assigns  the  curious 
reason,  '  that  they  think  to  oblige  their  readers  to  go  through  them 
from  beginning  to  end,  by  making  this  the  only  way  of  coming  at 
the  contents  of  their  volumes.  They  are  much  mistaken ;  and 
they  might  learn  from  their  own  mode  of  dealing  with  the  writ- 
1£K!  £  others,  how  their  own  will  be  used  in  turn.'  We  think 
that  the  unwise  indolence  of  authors  has  probably  had  much  more 
v°  ? °*W  £  the  matter  than  th«  reason  thus  humorously  assigned ; 
te  fact  which  he  proceeds  to  mention 'is  incontestably  true. 

AO  WRITER  (Of  this  Class)  IS  SO  MUCH  READ  AS  THE  ONE  WHO  MAKES 
A  GOOD  INDEX,— OR  80  MUCH  CITED.'  "—HENRY  ROGERS  :  The  VanitV 

and  Glory  of  Literature. 

Among  modern  works  which  might  be  mentioned  as 
presenting  copious  indexes  are  Ball's  edition  of  Robert- 


AYS 

son's  Works,  Lon.,  1840  j  Westley  and  Davis's  edition  of 
Gibbon's  Decline  and  Fall,  Lon.,  1837  j  some  of  the  publi 
cations  of  that  enterprising  bibliopole,  H.  G.  Bohn,  and 
many  other  works  that  might  be  cited.  But  of  all  full  in 
dexes  within  our  knowledge,  commend  us  to  that  appended 
to  Nichols's  Literary  Anecdotes,  where  to  eight  volumes 
of  text  we  have  more  than  fourteen  hundred  columns 
of  index!  This  scale  is,  of  course,  too  vast  for  general 
imitation,  but  it  teaches  a  lesson  to  those  who  content 
themselves  with  giving  a  few  lines  of  index  to  a  vast  body 
of  text!  But  the  greatest  example  of  zeal  in  this  line  on 
record — the  first  index-maker  in  the  world — is  the  British 
House  of  Commons  !  In  1778  there  were  paid  for  compil-' 
ing  indexes  to  the  Journals  of  the  House  of  Commons,  the 
following  sums :  To  Mr.  Edward  Moore,  £6,400  as  a  final 
compensation  for  thirteen  years'  labour  j  Rev.  Mr.  Forster, 
£3,000  for  nine  years'  ditto ;  Rev.  Dr.  Roger  Flaxman, 
£3,000  for  nine  years'  ditto ;  and  to  Mr.  Cunningham,  £500 
in  part  for  ditto  j  making  a  total  of  £12,900  !  Nor  is  this 
the  end  thereof.  For  we  may  say  with  Nestor — in  another 


"  In  such  indexes,  although  small 
To  their  subsequent  volumes,  there  is  seen 
The  baby  figure  of  the  giant  mass 
Of  things  to  come,  at  large." — Trottus  and  Cressida. 

To  quote  the  same  author,  give  us  a  good  "  index,"  and 
we  will  almost  excuse  an  "  obscure  prologue."  Of  course, 
like  all  good  things,  indexes  may  be  abused ;  the  pretender 
will  make  them  the  end  of  his  journey,  whilst  to  the  true 
student  they  will  be  merely  the  sign-posts  of  the  road; 
such  charlatans  they  were,  who  two  centuries  since  excited 
the  ire  of  Joseph  Glanville,  and  caused  him  to  exclaim : 

"  Methinks  'tis  a  pitiful  piece  of  knowledge,  that  can  be  learnt 
from  an  index ;  and  a  poor  ambition  to  be  rich  in  the  inventory  of 
another's  treasure." — The  Vanity  of  Dogmatizing. 

Pope,  too,  tells  us 

"  How  index-learning  turns  no  student  pale, 
Yet  holds  the  eel  of  science  by  the  tail."— Dunciad,  B.  2. 

But  we  doubt  if  much  harm  was  ever  done  in  this  way. 
The  very  ambition  thus  censured  may  lead  to  real  acqui 
sition,  and  often  has.  Watts  appreciated  a  good  index  so 
highly,  that  he  tells  his  reader, 

"  If  a  book  has  no  index  or  good  table  of  contents,  'tis  very  use 
ful  to  make  one  as  you  are  reading  it." 

We  may  conclude  this  rather  prolix  (we  hope  it  may 
prove  to  be  a  useful)  article,  by  citing  the  authority  of  a 
man  of  letters,  who  was  never  excelled  for  a  practical  com 
mon-sense  view  of  subjects  which  engaged  his  attention. 

Dr.  Johnson  to  Richardson  respecting  a  new  edition  of 
Clarissa : 

"  I  wish  you  would  add  an  index  rerum,  that  when  the  reader 
recollects  any  incident,  he  may  easily  find  it,  which  at  present  he 
cannot  do,  unless  he  knows  in  which  volume  it  is  told ;  for  Clarissa 
is  not  a  performance  to  be  read  with  eagerness,  and  laid  aside  for 
ever;  but  will  be  occasionally  consulted  by  the  busy,  the  aged, 
and  the  studious;  and  therefore  I  beg  that  this  edition,  by  which 
I  suppose  posterity  is  to  abide,  may  want  nothing  that  can  facili 
tate  its  use.  I  am,  sir,  yours,  &c.,  SAM.  JOHNSON." 

It  was  excellently  said  by  the  learned  Michael  Mattaire 
— a  Corypheus  of  index-makers  himself: 

"  Non  est  acutisshni,  fateor,  ingenii,  non  altissimae  eruditionis, 
Indices  contexere.  Majorern  tamen  nil  molestiam  editori,  nil  lec 
tori  utilitatem  affert;  curnque  rei  cujuslibit  necessitas  ex  ipsius 
utilitate  oriatur,  et  in  eadem  consistat ;  quidni  affirmem  nihil  fere 
esse  magis  necessarium  ?  Non  itaque  sum  sollicitus,  quantillo  esse 
ingenio,  quam  parum  eruditione  videar  valere,  dum  literatorum 
commodis  quomodocunque  inserviam.  In  construendis  aedibus, 
operarius  bajalusque,  non  minus  architecto  prodest." — Mattaire's 
Epist.  ad  D.  P.  Des  Maizeaux ;  cited  at  large  in  vol.  iv.  pp.  561- 
565  of  Nichols's  Literary  Anecdotes. 

That  true  worthy,  Fuller — Thomas  the  quaint — gives  his 
testimony  on  the  same  side  : 

"  An  Index  is  a  necessary  implement  and  no  impediment  of  a 
book,  except  in  the  same  sense  wherein  the  Carriages  of  an  Army 
are  termed  Impediments.  Without  this,  a  large  Author  is  but  a 
labyrinth,  without  a  clue  to  direct  the  Reader  therein.  I  confess, 
there  is  a  lazy  kind  of  Learning  which  is  only  indical;  when 
Scholars  (like  Adders  which  onely  bite  the  Horse-heels)  nible  but 
at  the  Tables,  which  are  calces  librorum,  neglecting  the  body  of  the 
Book.  But,  though  the  idle  deserve  no  crutches,  (let  not  a  staff  be 
used  by  them,  but  on  them.)  pity  it  is  the  weary  should  be  denied 
the  benefit  thereof,  and  industrious  Scholars  prohibited  the  accom 
modation  of  an  Index,  most  used  by  those  who  most  pretend  to 
contemn  it." — Worthies. 

^The  index  to  Nicholas  Antonio's  Bibliotheca  of  Spanish 
Writers  has  received  great  commendation  : 

"  I  have  quoted  Mr.  Baillet,  who  shews  the  value  of  it  particu 
larly.  He  had  good  reason  for  recommending  even  the  Indexes, 
for  they  are  very  well  formed  and  useful.  The  Author  has  added 
a  short  preface  to  them,  which  shews  his  excellent  taste  and  judg 
ment  ;  he  has  quoted  there  the  thought  of  a  Spanish  writer,  Indi- 
cem  Libri  ab  Autore,  Librum  ipsum  a  quovis  alio  conficiendum 
esse.  '  An  Author  ought  to  make  the  Index  to  his  book,  whereas 
the  book  itself  may  be  written  by  any  person  else.'  The  contrary 
method  is  generally  taken ;  Authors  refer  to  others  the  pains  of 
making  alphabetical  Indexes;  and  it  must  be  owned,  that  those 


AYS 


AYT 


Gentlemen  who  are  not  patient  of  labour,  and  whose  talent  con 
sists  only  in  the  fire  and  vivacity  of  imagination,  had  much  better 
let  others  make  the  Index  to  their  works ;  but  a  man  of  judgment 
and  application  will  succeed  incomparably  better  iu  composing  the 
Tables  to  his  own  writings,  than  a  stranger  can.  There  might  be 
a  variety  of  good  directions  given  for  the  composition  of  these  Ta 
bles,  which  may  be  justly  called  the  soul  of  books." — BAYI.E. 

When  Baillet  lauded  Antonio's  Index,  he  was  like  an 
epicure,  who  commends  the  dish  which  tickles  his  own 
palate.  Baillet  was  such  an  admirer  of  a  good  plump 
Index,  that  when  Hermant  had  him  snugly  installed  as 
Librarian  to  M.  De  Lamoignon,  the  uncouth  hellun  libro- 
rum  sets  to  work  to  make  an  Index,  and  an  Index  Rerum 
at  that ! 

"  Though  troubled  with  a  great  pain  in  his  legs,  which  some 
times  grew  very  violent,  and  notwithstanding  the  many  visits  be 
received,  which  continually  interrupted  his  labours,  he  applied 
himself  with  so  much  diligence  to  the  drawing  up  of  an  Index 
of  all  the  subjects  treated  of  in  the  books  in  M.  De  Lamoignon's 
library,  that  he  finished  it  in  August,  1682,  [about  two  years'  la 
bour.]  That  Index  grew  to  such  a  length,  by  the  additions  he 
continued  to  make  to  it,  that  it  contains  thirty-five  volumes  in 
folio,  all  written  by  M.  Bafllet  himself.  When  he  had  finished 
that  laborious,  but  useful,  work,  he  wrote  a  Latin  preface  to  it,  | 
which  he  published.  We  find  there  an  account  of  the  manner  in  j 
which  he  drew  up  that  Index.  He  promised  in  the  same  place  to 
write  an  Index,  or  Catalogue,  of  all  the  authors,  whose  books 
were  in  M.  De  Lamoignon's  library." 

Gruter's  great  work  on  Inscriptions — Inscriptiones  an- 
tiquae  totius  orbis  romani  in  absolutissimum  corpus  re- 
dactae,  (1st  edit.,  Heidelberg,  1602)— was  not  only  greatly 
aided  by  Scaliger,  but  so  anxious  was  this  eminent  scho 
lar  that  the  work  should  be  complete,  that  he  devoted  ten 
months  to  writing  an  index  of  24  classes. 

"  If  it  appears  surprising  that  so  great  a  man  should  undertake 
so  laborious  a  task,  and  which  seemed  so  much  below  him,  we 
ought  to  consider  that  such  Indexes  cannot  be  made  but  by  a 
very  able  man.  Jo  succeed  in  that  task,  it  is  necessary  to  under 
stand  perfectly  the  inscriptions,  and  know  how  to  distinguish 
what  is  peculiar  from  what  is  common ;  and  sometimes  to  illus 
trate  them  by  some  remarks,  and  explain  the  sense,  not  only  of 
words,  of  which  there  remain  but  one  or  two  syllables,  but  even 
of  single  letters."— LE  CLERC  :  BibUoth.  Choisie. 

After  finishing  his  Index,  Scaliger  wrote  the  following 
epigram : 

"  Si  quern  dura  manet  sententia  Judicis.  olim 
Damnatum  serumnis  suppliciisque  caput; 
Hunc  neque  fabrili  lassent  Ergastula  massa, 
Nee  rigidas  vexent  fossa  metalla  manus. 
Lexica  contexat :  nam  caetera  quid  moror?  omnes 
Poenarum  facies  his  labor  unus  habet." 
Le  Clerc  truly  hints  that  it  is  not  every  man  that  can 
write,  who  is  capable  of  making  an  Index :  we  have  an 
amusing  instance  of  the  evils  resulting  from  carelessness 
in  this  matter,  in  the  case  of 

"The  writer  who  drew  up  the  Index  to  Delechamp's  Athenaeus, 
who  says  that  Euripides  lost  in  one  day,  his  wife,  two  sons,  and 
a  daughter,  and  refers  us  to  page  60,  where  nothing  like  this  is 
found:  but  we  find  in  page  61,  that  Euripides  going  to  Icaria, 
wrote  an  epigram  on  a  disaster  that  happened  at  a  peasant's  house, 
where  a  woman,  with  her  two  sons  and  a  daughter,  died  by  eating 
of  mushrooms.  Judge,  from  this  instance,  what  hazards  those  run 
who  rely  on  Index-makers." — BATLE. 

This  only  proves  that  we  must  have  good  Index-makers, 
not  that  we  must  do  without  such  aids. 
Ayscu,  Edward.     See  ASCII. 

Ayshford,  Henry,  M.D.  Tabular  Views  of  the 
Anatomy  of  the  Human  Body,  Lon.,  1810. 

Ayton,  Richard.  A  Voyage  round  Great  Britain, 
undertaken  in  the  Summer  of  1813,  and  commencing 
with  the  Land's  End,  in  Cornwall;  the  views  taken  by 
William  Daniel,  A.R.A.,  1814. 

Ayton,  or  Aytoun,  Sir  Robert,  1570-1638,  a  na 
tive  of  Fifeshire,  in  Scotland,  was  the  author  of  poetical 
pieces  in  several  languages,  viz.  :  Greek,  Latin,  French, 
and  English.  Among  his  productions  are  the  following : 
1."  Ad  Jacobum  VI.  Britanniavum  Regem,  Angliam  peten- 
tem,  Panegyris,  p.  40  inter  Delitias  Poetarum  Scotorum, 
edit,  ab  Arturo  Jonstono,  Arnst.,  1637,  8vo.  2.  Basia, 
eive  strena  ad  Jacobum  Hayum,  equitem  illustrissimum, 
p.  54.  3.  Lessus  in  Funere  Raphaelis  Thorei,  Medici,  et 
Poetae  praetantissimi,  Londini  peste  extincti,  p.  61,  ibid. 
4.  Carina  Caro,  p.  63,  ib.  5.  De  Proditione  Pulverea, 
quas  incidit  in  diem  Martis,  p.  65,  ib.  6.  Gratiarum  Actio, 
cum  in  privatum  Cubiculum  admitteretur,  p.  66,  ibid.  7. 
Epigrammata  Varia,  ib.  8.  In  Obitum  Ducis  Bucking- 
amii,  a  Filtono  cultro  extincti,  M.D.C.XXVIIL  p.  74,  ibid. 
Sir  Robert  was  educated  at  St.  Andrew's.  He  was  em 
ployed  both  at  home  and  abroad  in  the  service  of  James  I. 
and  Charles  I.  He  was  knighted  by  King  James,  and  ap 
pointed  by  him  one  of  the  gentlemen  of  his  bed-chamber, 
and  private  secretary  to  his  queen.  Ben  Jonson  declared 
to  Drummond  that  Sir  Robert  had  an  affection  for  him, 
(Jonson.)  Some  of  his  English  pieces,  which  have  been 
highly  commended  for  their  style,  were  published  in  Wat 


son's  Collection  of  Scottish  Poems,  (1706-11.)  Aubrey 
remarks  that  Mr.  John  Dryden  has  seen  verses  of  his, 
some  of  the  best  of  that  age,  printed  with  some  other 
verses.  "  Aubrey  further  states  that  he  was  acquainted 
with  all  the  wits  of  his  time  in  England."  He  died  at 
London,  March,  1638,  and  was  buried  in  Westminster 
Abbey,  under  a  handsome  monument  of  black  marble. 

Aytoun,  William  Edmondstoune,  b.  1813,  is  a 
member  of  the  Edinburgh  bar.  He  succeeded  Mr.  Moir 
as  Professor  of  Literature  and  Belles  Lettres  in  the  Univer 
sity  of  Edinburgh,  where  his  lectures,  distinguished  by 
great  ability  and  correct  literary  taste,  are  in  high  estima 
tion.  He  is  now  editor  of  that  sterling  periodical,  Black- 
wood's  Edinburgh  Magazine,  to  which  he  has  long  been  a 
valued  contributor.  Norn  de  plume  Augustus  Dunshunner. 

Mr.  Aytoun  married  a  daughter  of  the  gentleman  who 
for  so  many  years  delighted  the  literary  world  as  con 
ductor  of  Blackwood — Christopher  North,  alias  Professor 
Wilson. 

'•  At  the  time  of  the  railway  mania  he  flung  off  a  series  of  pa 
pers,  the  first  entitled  '  How  we  got  up  the  Glen  Mutchkin  Kail- 
way,'  descriptive  of  the  doings  in  the  Capel  Court  of  J-  dinburgh 
and  Glasgow ;  papers  which  for  broad,  vigorous  humour,  and  feli 
citous  settings  forth  of  genuine  Scotch  character,  are  almost  unri 
valled." — Men  of  the  Time. 

Mr.  Aytoun  wrote  many  pieces  in  the  Book  of  Ballads, 
edited  by  Bon  Gaultier,  a  twm  de  plume,  under  which  he 
and  Mr.  Theodore  Martin  have  contributed  to  a  number  of 
periodicals.  1.  Lays  of  the  Scottish  Cavaliers,  and  other 
Poems,  Lon.  and  Edin.,  1849.  The  popularity  of  thia 
work  is  evinced  by  its  having  reached  its  10th  ed.  in 
1857.  It  has  been  printed  in  America. 

,  •'  Professor  Aytoun  has  appreciated  the  wealth  of  his  country's 
history  in  themes  for  the  historical  ballad.  ...  In  the  volume  now 
before  us.  he  puts  forth  a  sustained  power,  which,  in  our  estima 
tion,  places  him  in  the  foremost  rank  of  the  poets  of  his  time.  His 
lays  combine  the  best  qualities  of  Macaulay  and  of  William  Muller. 
They  have  all  the  historic  truth  and  picturesque  force  of  the  former, 
with  all  the  poetic  fire  and  stately  march  of  the  latter.  We  feel,  in 
reading  these  lays,  that  we  are  dealing,  not  with  shadows,  but  with 
living  men.  We  are  swept  back  into  the  stirring  times  of  old, 
when  brave  hearts  and  high  souls  declared  themselves  in  brave 
deeds; — when  honour,  self-denial,  devotion,  were  living  things; — 
when  patriotism  and  loyalty  were  active  principles,  and  the  wor 
ship  of  mammon  had  not  shrivelled  up  the  sons  of  men  into  self- 
seeking  and  sordid  pride.  We  thank  the  poet  who  elevated  out 
soul  by  a  noble  thought — by  a  delineation  of  some  generous  and 
lofty  nature,  woven  from  the  visions  of  his  own  brain.  We  doubly 
thank  him  who  links  noble  thoughts  and  noble  deeds  with  some 
great  historic  name ; — who  places  the  hero  living  before  us,  till  we 
can  read  his  eye,  and  hear  his  voice,  and  be  swayed  by  his  in 
fluence.  But  above  all  do  we  thank  him  when  he  rescues  some 
great  name  from  dishonour,  and  drowns  the  slander  forever  in  the 
torrent  of  our  sympathies.  This  Professor  Aytoun  has  done  for 
two  of  the  noblest,  yet  most  misrepresented,  names  in  Scottish 
annals.  'The  Execution  of  Montrose'  and  'The  Burial  March  of 
Dundee,'  are  tributes  of  historical  as  well  as  of  poetical  justice  to 
the  two  men  of  all  others  the  most  conspicuous  for  chivalrous  vir 
tue  in  the  annals  of  modern  Europe." — Dublin  University  Maga 
zine.,  xxxiii.  215. 

"The  lays  before  us  possess  fluency,  vigour,  and  movement, 
with  an  elevation  of  mind  which  is  historical,  if  not  poetical ;  they 
have  the  polish  and  the  skill  in  the  use  of  figures  which  might  be 
expected  from  the  professor  of  rhetoric  and  belles  lettres ;  they  are 
animated  by  the  sentiment  of  Jacobitism  which  is  reviving  among 
a  certain  class  of  well-minded  subjects  of  Queen  Victoria;  and 
they  not  only  display  the  common  knowledge  of  history,  but  show, 
in  the  prose  introductions,  that  Mr.  Aytoun  has  investigated  and 
thought  for  himself." — London  Spectator. 

"  Professor  Aytoun  has  selected  his  ballad  themes  from  striking 
incidents  and  from  stirring  scenes  in  our  mediaeval  Scottish  histo 
ry;  some  remote  as  the  field  of  Flodden;  others  as  recent  as  that 
of  Drummossie  Muir;  and  he  has  thrown  over  them  the  light  of 
an  imagination  at  once  picturesque  and  powerful.  .  .  .  The  perfer- 
vidum  ingenium  Scotorum — that  burning,  irrepressible  energy  of 
character  which,  whether  directed  towards  good  or  towards  evil, 
has  ever  distinguished  our  country — breathes  throughout  all  his 
Lays,  and  lends  even  to  stern  feet  the  etherealizing  hues  of  fiction.'1 
— D.  M.  Mom:  Sketches  of  the  Pbetical  Literature  of  the  Past  Half- 
Century. 

"  Finer  ballads  than  these,  we  are  bold  to  say,  are  not  to  be  found 
in  the  language." — London  Times. 

"  A  volume  of  verse  which  shows  that  Scotland  has  yet  a  poet. 
Full  of  the  true  fire,  it  now  stirs  and  swells  like  a  trumpet  tone- 
now  sinks  in  cadences  sad  and  wild  as  the  wail  of  a  Highland 
dirge." — Lon.  Quarterly  Review. 

2.  Fermilian  j  a  Spasmodic  Tragedy,  by  T.  Percy  Jones, 
1854,  Edin.  and  Lon.,  12mo. 

"  It  is  designed  to  satirize  some  modern  manifestations  of  a  moat 
false  and  extravagant  taste  in  poetry ;  and,  although  the  parod 
is  somewhat  long  and  elaborate,  there  runs  throughout  such  J 
happy  vein  of  humour,  and  the  harmony  of  the  verse  is  so  lul 
and  flowing,  that  the  reader's  interest  is  never  allowed  to  flag.  — 
Westm.  Rev.,  Oct.  1854. 

3.  Poland,  and  other  Poems.     4.  Bothwell ;    a  Poem; 
2d   ed.,   1856,  8vo.      5.  Life  and  Times  of  Richard  t 
First,  King  of  England,  1840,  8vo.     6.  Ballads  of  Scot- 
land,  2  vols.  fp.  8vo,  1858.     See  Lon.  Athen.,  1858,  43. 


BAB 


BAB 


B. 


Babbage,  Charles,  b.  1790,  an  eminent  mathe 
matician,  entered  at  Trinity  College,  Cambridge,  where  he 
took  his  degrees,—  that  of  B.A.  in  1814;  was  appointed 
Lucasian  Professor  in  the  Univ.  of  Camb.,  1828  ;  resigned 
in  1839  ;  a  member  of  the  principal  scientific  societies  of 
the  world.  For  a  full  account  of  Mr.  Babbage's  Calculating 
Machine,  see  Calculating  Machines,  —  Division  Arts  and 
Sciences,  English  Cyclopedia.  The  following  complete 
list  of  his  writings  has  been  prepared  with  care  : 

1.  The  Preface,  jointly  with  Sir  John  Herschel;  and  (2)  Con 
tinued  Products,  in  Memoirs  of  the  Analytical  Society,  4to,  Camb., 
1813.  3.  Essay  towards  the  Calculus  of  Functions  ;  Phil.  Trans., 
1815.  4.  Essay  towards  the  Calculus  of  Functions,  Pt.  2;  Phil. 
Trans.,  1816.  5.  Demonstrations  of  some  of  Dr.  Matthew  Stewart's 
General  Theorems  ;  to  which  is  added  an  Account  of  some  New 
Properties  of  the  Circle;  Roy.  Inst.  Jour.,  1816,  vol.  i.  6.  Observa 
tions  on  the  Analogy  which  subsists  between  the  Calculus  of  Func 
tions  and  other  Branches  of  Analysis;  Phil.  Trans.,  1817.  7.  Solu 
tion  of  some  Problems  by  means  of  the  Calculus  of  Functions  ; 
Roy.  Inst.  Jour.,  1817.  8.  Note  respecting  Elimination;  Roy. 
Inst.  Jour.,  1817,  p.  355.  9.  Account  of  Euler's  Method  of  Solving 
a  Problem  relating  to  the  Knight's  Move  at  Chess;  Roy.  Inst. 
Jour.,  1817.  10.  Some  New  Methods  of  Investigating  the  Sums 
of  Several  Classes  of  Infinite  Series  ;  Phil.  Trans.,  1819.  11.  Demon 
stration  of  a  Theorem  relating  to  Prime  Numbers;  Edin.  Phil. 
Jour.,  1819.  12.  Examination  of  some  Questions  connected  with 
Games  of  Chance  ;  Trans,  of  Roy.  Soc.  of  Edin.,  1820,  vol.  ix.  13. 
Observations  on  the  Notation  employed  in  the  Calculus  of  Func 
tions;  Trans,  of  Camb.  Phil.  Soc.,  1820,  vol.  i.  14.  Application  of 
Analysis,  &c.  to  the  Discovery  of  Local  Theorems  and  Porisms; 
Trans,  of  Roy.  Soc.  of  Edin.,  vol.  ix.  15.  Letter  to  Sir  II.  Davy, 
P.R.S.,  on  the  Application  of  Machinery  to  the  Purpose  of  Calcu 
lating  and  Printing  Mathematical  Tables,  4to,  July,  1822.  16. 
Note  respecting  the  Application  of  Machinery  to  the  Calculation 
of  Mathematical  Tables  ;  Memoirs  of  the  Astron.  Soc.,  June,  1822, 
vol.  i.  17.  Theoretical  Principles  of  the  Machinery  for  Calculating 
Tables  ;  Brewster's  Edin.  Jour,  of  Science,  1823,  vol.  viii.  18.  Ob 
servations  on  the  Application  of  Machinery  to  the  Computations 
of  Mathematical  Tables,  Dec.  1822  ;  Memoirs  of  Astron.  Soc.,  1824, 
vol.  i.  19.  Determination  of  the  General  Term  of  a  New  Class  of 
Infinite  Series  ;  Trans.  Camb.  Phil.  Soc.,  1824,  vol.  ii.  20.  Observa 
tions  on  the  Measurement  of  Heights  by  the  Barometer  ;  Brew 
ster's  Edin.  Jour,  of  Science,  1824.  21.  Account  of  the  Repetition 
of  M.  Arago's  Experiments  on  the  Magnetism  Manifested  by  Va 
rious  Substances  during  Rotation,  by  C.  Babbage,  Esq.,  and  Sir 
John  Herschel,  Bart.  ;  Phil.  Trans.,  1825.  22.  Diving-Bell  ;  Encyc. 
Metrop.,  1826.  23.  Electric  and  Magnetic  Rotation  ;  Phil.  Traus., 
1826,  vol.  ii.  24.  Method  of  Expressing  by  Signs  the  Action  of 
Machinery;  Phil.  Trans.,  1826.  vol.  ii.  25.  Influence  of  Signs  in 
Mathematical  Reasoning;  Trans.  Camb.  Phil.  Soc.,  1826,  vol.  ii. 
26.  Notation;  Edin.  Encyc.  27.  Porisms;  Edin.  Encyc.  28.  Trans 
lation  of  the  Differential  and  Integral  Calculus  of  La  Croix,  1  vol. 
29.  Examples  to  the  Differential  and  Integral  Calculus,  2  vols.  8vo. 
These  two  works  were  executed  in  conjunction  with  the  Rev.  G. 
Peacock,  Dean  of  Ely,  and  Sir  John  Herschel,  Bart.  30.  Compara 
tive  View  of  the  Different  Institutions  for  the  Assurance  of  Life, 
8vo,  1826.  A  German  translation  of  this  work  was  published  for 
the  purpose  of  establishing  at  Gotha  a  society  for  the  assurance  of 
lives.  31.  A  Table  of  the  Logarithms  of  the  Natural  Numbers, 
from  1  to  108,000,  8vo,  1826.  These  logarithms  were  used  by  the 
computers  in  the  whole  of  the  trigonometric  survey  of  Ireland, 
and  in  that  part  of  the  English  survey  subsequent  to  their  publica 
tion.  There  have  been  several  impressions  on  different-coloured 
paper.—  white,  yellow,  and  fawn.  Editions  also  have  been  pub 
lished  on  white,  yellow,  and  green  paper,  with  the  Preface  and  In 
troduction  translated  into  the  German  and  Hungarian  languages, 
1834.  32.  Notice  respecting  some  Errors  common  to  many  Tables 
of  Logarithms;  Mem.  Astron.  Soc.,  4to,  1827,  vol.  iii.  33.  Essay 
on  the  General  Principles  which  Regulate  the  Application  of  Ma 
chinery;  Encyc.  Metrop.  34.  Reflections  on  the  Decline  of  Science 
m  England,  and  on  some  of  its  Causes,  4to  and  8vo,  1830.  35. 
Examples  of  the  Solution  of  Functional  Equations,  8vo.  36.  Sketch 
of  the  Philosophical  Characters  of  Dr.  Wollaston  and  Sir  H.  Daw  • 
extracted  from  the  Decline  of  Science.  37.  Letter  to  T.  P.  Courte^ 
nay  on  the  Proportion  of  Births  of  the  two  Sexes  amongst  Legiti- 
"f  "a«J2  legi{«mvto  Chlldren?  Brewster's  Edin.  Jour,  of  Science 
iSySS^Si  38.  Economy  of  Manufactures  and  Machinery,  8vo, 
1832;  4th  ed.  There  are  American  reprints,  and  several  transla 
tions  of  this  woik  into  German,  French,  Italian,  Spanish,  and 
Russian.  39.  Letter  to  Sir  David  BreWster  on  the  Advantage  of  a 
Collection  of  the  Constants  of  Nature  and  Art;  Brewster's  Edin 
Jour,  of  Science,  1832,  vol.  vi.  p.  334.  Reprinted  by  order  of  the 
British  Association  for  the  Promotion  of  Science,  Camb.,  1833.  See 
also  pp.  484,  490,-Report  of  the  Third  Meeting  of  the  British  As 
sociation.  40.  Letter,  written  in  Cypher,  from  Mr.  Abraham  Sharp 
to  Mr.  J.  Crosthwait,  2d  Feb.  1721-22,  relative  to  a  Supposed  Error 
in  he  Division  of  the  Mural  Arc  at  Greenwich.  Decvphered  by  Mr. 

' 


Flamsteed  by  Mr.  F.  Baily,'  Appendix,  pp. 

•M     ,  41"  Specimen  of  Logarithmic  Tables,  printed 

with  different-coloured  inks  and  on  variously-coloured  papers,  in 

—  J     VOlS.   OVO,    Loll..    1831. 

The  object  of  this  work,  of  which  one  single  copy  only  was 
panted,  is  to  ascertain  by  experiment  the  tints  of  the  paper  and 
colours  of  the  inks  least  fatiguing  to  the  eye. 

One  hundred  and  fifty-one  variously-coloured  papers  were 
cbosen,  and  the  same  two  pages  of  my  stereotype  Table  of  Loga 


rithms  were  printed  upon  them  in  inks  of  the  following  colours : 
light  blue,  dark  blue,  light  green,  dark  green,  olive,  yellow,  light 
red,  dark  red,  purple,  and  black. 

Each  of  these  twenty  volumes  contains  papers  of  the  same 
colour,  numbered  in  the  same  order ;  and  there  are  two  volumes 
printed  with  each  kind  of  ink. 

The  twenty-first  volume  contains  metallic  printing  of  the  same 
specimen  in  gold,  silver,  and  copper,  upon  velluin  and  on  va 
riously-coloured  papers. 

For  the  same  purpose,  about  thirty-five  copies  of  the  complete 
table  of  logarithms  were  printed  on  thick  drawing-paper  of  various 
tints. 

An  account  of  this  work  may  be  found  in  the  Edin.  Jour,  of 
Science,  (Brewster's,)  1832,  vol.  vi.  p.  144. 

42.  Barometrical  Observations  made  at  the  Fall  of  the  Staub- 
bach,  by  Sir  John  Herschel,  Bart.,  and  C.  Babbage,  Esq.;  firew 
ater's  Edin.  Jour,  of  Science,  1832,  vol.  vi.  p.  224.  43.  The  Ninth 
Bridgewater  Treatise,  8vo,  May,  1837;  2d  ed.,  Jan.  1838.  44. 
Essay  on  the  Principles  of  Tools  for  Turning  and  Planing  Metals, 
(inserted  in  the  second  volume  of  Turning  and  Mechanical  Mani 
pulation  of  Charles  Holtzapfel.)  1846.  45.  Observations  on  the 
Temple  of  Serapis  at  Pozziioli,  near  Naples,  with  an  attempt  to 
explain  the  causes  of  the  frequent  elevation  and  depression  of 
large  portions  of  the  earth's  surface  in  remote  periods,  and  to 
prove  that  those  causes  continue  in  action  at  the  present  time ; 
Proceedings  of  the  Geological  Society,  1847.  46.  The  same  Me 
moir,  with  a  Supplement, — Conj»ctures  on  tho  Physical  Condition 
of  the  Surface  of  the  Moon,  8vo :  privately  printed,  1847.  47.  The 
Exposition  of  1851 ;  or,  Views  of  the  Industry,  Science,  and  Gkv 
vernment  of  England,  1851,  8vo. 

Babcock,  J.  S.  Visions  and  Voices,  12mo,  Hart. 
Baber,  Rev.  H.  H.  Wickliffe's  Trans,  of  the  New 
Testament,  Lon.,  1811.  Psalterium  Graecum,  a  Codice 
MS.  Alexandrino,  Lon.,  1812.  Mr.  Baber  published  this 
(by  subscription)  as  a  portion  of  the  remainder  of  the  task 
left  unfinished  by  Woide.  Twelve  copies  were  printed 
upon  vellum,  to  match  with  the  same  number  of  vellum 
copies  of  the  New  Testament  published  by  his  predeces 
sor.  Mr.  Baber,  with  praiseworthy  zeal,  was  desirous  of 
completing  the  Old  Testament;  but  this  "enterprise  of 
great  pith  and  moment"  was  more  than  Mr.  Baber  could 
himself,  with  any  propriety,  be  expected  to  assume.  The 
trustees  of  the  British  Museum  applied  to  Parliament  for 
protection  in  supplying  the  means  to  complete  the  under 
taking.  The  application  was  successful ;  and  this  great 
work— Vetus  Testamentum  Grgecum  ex  Cod.  MS.  Alexan 
drino,  cura  et  labore  H.  H.  Baber,  A.M. — was  completed 
in  1828,  (1816-28,)  in  4  vols.  fol.,  published  at  £36  15». 

"  The  types  cast  in  metal  by  Jackson  for  Woide  are  quite  fresh 
and  perfect ;  and,  instead  of  the  contracted  various  readings  in  the 
margin  being  spun  out  by  the  letters  in  full,  (as  Woide  has  given 
them,)  fac-similes  of  such  various  readings,  cut  in  wood,  are  in 
serted  precisely  in  the  places  where  they  occur,  filling  up  only  the 
same  space  with  the  original.  The  tail-pieces,  or  rude  arabesque 
ornaments  at  the  end  of  each  book,  are  also  represented  by  means 
of  fac-similes  in  wood;  so  that  the  identity  of  the  original  is  per 
fectly  preserved. 

"  The  work,  when  complete,  will  consist  of  4  folio  volumes,— three 
of  the  text  of  the  Old  Testament,  with  a  fourth  containing  prole 
gomena  and  notes.  The  subscribers  for  the  velluin  copies  are  • 

"  His  Majesty's  Library.     Sir  M.  M.  Sykes,  Bart. 

"  The  French  King's  Library.    John  Dent,  Esq. 

"  The  Royal  Library  of  Berlin. Turner,  Esq.,  Trin.  Coll.,  Dubl. 

"The  Archbishop  of  Canterbury.  Longman,  Hurst  &  Co.,  (Pen 
tateuch  only.) 

"The  Duke  of  Devonshire.    The  Author. 

"  The  Earl  Spenser.  (One  copy  undisposed  of.)" — Dibdirfs  Biblio 
graphical  Decameron. 

250  copies  were  printed  on  paper :  the  price  of  the  vel 
lum  copies  was  184  guineas  each. 

Babington,  Benj.  Trans,  of  Gooro  Paramatan 
Lon.,  1820. 

Babington,  Gervase,  d.  1610,  successively  Bishop 
of  Llandaff,  Exeter,  and  Worcester.  Comfortable  Notes 
upon  the  Five  Books  of  Moses.  Exposition  upon  the 
Creed,  the  Commandments,  and  the  Lord's  Prayer;  with 
a  Conference  between  Man's  Frailty  and  Faith,  and  three 
Sermons  :  printed  in  one  4to  vol. ;  again,  with  additions,  in 
1615;  again,  1637. 

Babington,  Humphrey.     Serm.  on  Ps.  ci.  1,  1678. 

Babington,  Jno.  Geometry  and  Fireworks,  Lon.,  1656. 

Babington,  R.     The  Law  of  Auction,  Lon.,  1826. 

Babington,  Wm.,  M.D.,  1756-1833.  1.  Systematic 
Arrangement  of  Minerals,  1795.  2.  New  System  of  Mine 
ralogy,  1799.  3.  Syllabus  of  the  Course  of  Chemical  Lec 
tures,  1802.  4.  Case  of  Exposure  to  the  Vapour  of  Burn 
ing  Charcoal,  1809. 

Babington,  Zachary.  Advice  to  Grand  Juries  in 
Cases  of  Blood,  from  Law  and  Reason,  Lon.,  1677. 


BAG 


BAG 


Bache,  Alexander  Dallas,  one  of  the  most  distin 
guished  philosophers  of  the  nineteenth  century,  b.  July 
19,  1806,  in  Philadelphia,  a  great-grandson  of  Dr.  Benj. 
Franklin;  educated  at  the  U.S.  Military  Acad.,  West 
Point ;  grad.  with  the  highest  honours,  and  became  Lieu 
tenant  of  Engineers  of  Fortification  in  1825:  Prof.  Math,  in 
Univ.  Penna.,  1827 ;  organized  High  School  of  Phila.,  and 
Principal  of  it,  1841-42;  returned  to  Univ.  Penna.  1842-43 
as  Prof,  of  Nat.  Philos.  and  Chemistry ;  resigned  on  being 
appointed  President  of  Girard  College,  Phila.  He  visited 
Europe  to  examine  the  systems  of  instruction  there,  the  re 
sults  of  which  have  been  published  in  one  large  vol.,  Phila., 
1839,  8vo.  A  valuable  work.  In  1833  he  edited  an  ed.  of 
Brewster's  Optics,  with  Notes,  Phila.,  12mo ;  Observations 
at  the  Magnetic  and  Meteorological  Observatory  at  the 
Girard  Coll.,  3  vols.  8vo,  1  vol.  plates,  1840-45,  Wash., 
1847.  In  1843,  he  was  appointed  Superintendent  of  the 
U.S.  Coast  Survey,  which  position  he  still  occupies,  (1858.) 

"  Under  his  energetic  and  wise  direction  it  has  been  fruitful  not 
only  in  practical  benefit  to  navigators,  but  in  valuable  contri 
butions  to  geodetic  and  physical  science." 

The  Reports  of  the  U.S.  Coast  Survey  are  pub.  annually 
in  one  large  vol.  4to,  under  the  supervision  of  Professor 
B.,  to  whose  talents  it  owes  its  present  high  position 
among  the  learned  of  both  Europe  and  America.  He  is  a 
member  of  the  principal  scientific  societies  of  the  world, 
and  received  the  medal  of  the  Royal  Geog.  Soc.  for  1858. 
His  principal  contributions  are  35  valuable  papers  in  the 
Proc.  of  the  Amer.  Ass.  for  the  Advancement  of  Science, 
1849-50-51-53-54-55-56-57-58;  19  papers  in  the  Jour, 
of  the  Franklin  Institute  of  Penna.,  1831-32-34-35-36- 
42 ;  6  papers  in  the  Trans.  Amer.  Phil.  Soc.,  1834-35-37- 
40,  (fee.;  Annual  Reports  to  Treasury  Dept.  on  Weights 
and  Measures  from  1844  to  '56 ;  Amer.  Jour,  of  Science, 
1832-33 ;  Proc.  Brit.  Ass.  for  Adv.  of  Science,  1838,  <fcc. 

Hat-he,  Mrs.  Anna.  1.  Clara's  Amusements,  N. 
York.  2.  The  Fireside  Screen;  or,  Domestic  Sketches, 
Phila.,  1843,  12mo.  3.  Little  Clara,  18mo.  4.  The  Sibyl's 
Cave.  5.  Scenes  at  Home,  12mo. 

Bache,  Franklin,  M.D.,  eldest  great-grandson  of 
Franklin,  b.  in  Philadelphia,  Oct.  25,  1792 ;  grad.  A.B.  in 
the  Univ.  of  Penna.,  1810,  and  M.D.,  1814;  Surgeon's 
Mate,  U.  States  Army,  1813,  and  full  Surgeon,  1814;  re 
signed  from  the  army  and  entered  upon  private  practice  in 
Phila.,  1816 ;  Physician  to  the  Walnut  Street  Prison,  1824- 
36 ;  Prof,  of  Chemistry  in  the  Franklin  Institute  of  Penna., 
1826-32;  Physician  to  the  Eastern  Penitentiary  of  Penna,, 
1829-36  ;  Prof,  of  Chemistry  in  the  Phila.  College  of  Phar 
macy,  1831-41 ;  Prof,  of  Chemistry  in  Jefferson  Med.  Coll. 
of  Phila.,  1841,  which  appointment  he  still  holds  (1858); 
President  of  the  American  Philos.  Society,  1853-54. 

Author  of:  1.  A  System  of  Chemistry  for  the  Use  of 
Students  of  Medicine,  Phila.,  1819,  8vo.  2.  Supp.  to  the 
Amer.  ed.  of  Henry's  Chemistry,  forming  vol.  iii.,  com 
piled  from  the  addits.  in  last  English  ed.,  1823.  3.  Let 
ter  to  Roberts  Vaux  on  the  Separate  Confinement  of  Pri 
soners,  1829,  pamph.  4.  Second  do.,  pub.  in  Journal  of 
Law,  Oct.  1830.  5.  In  conjunction  with  George  B.  Wood, 
M.D.,  The  Dispensatory  of  the  United  States,  1st  ed.,  1833, 
8vo,  pp.  1073;  llth  ed.,  1858,  8vo,  pp.  1583.  6.  Intro 
ductory  Lectures  on  Chemistry,  1841,  '43,  '44,  '48,  '49,  '52. 

Editor  of:  1.  In  conjunction  with  Robert  Hare,  M.D., 
1st  Amer.  ed.  of  Ure's  Dictionary  of  Chemistry,  1821, 
2  vols.  in  1,  8vo.  2.  A  System  of  Pyrotechny,  by  James 
Cutbush,  1825,  8vo.  3.  In  conjunction  with  others,  North 
Amer.  Med.  and  Surg.  Journal,  1826-32,  12  vols.;  and 
contrib.  to  vols.  i.,  ii.,  iii.,  v.,  vi.,  viii.,  ix.,  x.,  xi.  4.  Tur 
ner's  Chemistry ;  3d,  4th,  5th,  and  6th  Amer.  eds.,  1830- 
32-35-40.  5.  Dr.  Hare's  Chemical  Compendium,  1836. 

Contributor  to  The  Aurora,  1811  (on  Muriatic  Acid); 
Memoirs  of  the  Columbian  Chemical  Soc.  of  Phila.,  1813, 
8vo;  Amer.  Med.  Recorder,  vol.  i.,  1818,  iv.,  1821;  Phila. 
Jour,  of  Health,  1830 ;  Hays's  Amer.  Cyc.  of  Med.  and 
Surg.,  1834-36  (only  two  vols.  pub.);  in  vol.  i.,  eleven 
articles,  in  vol.  ii.,  four  articles ;  Amer.  Jour,  of  Phar 
macy,  vol.  i.,  1835,  vol.  viii.,  1842,  vol.  iii.,  N.S.,  1855. 

Dr.  Bache  also  trans,  from  the  French  M.  Morand's  Me 
moir  on  Acupuncturation,  1825, 12mo ;  and  he  was  a  member 
of  the  Pub.  Com.  of  the  U.  States  Pharmacopoeia,  as  pre 
pared  upon  the  decennial  revisions  of  1830,  '40,  and  '50. 

Bache,  R.  The  Manual  of  a  Pennsylvania  Justice 
of  the  Peace,  Phila.,  1810-14.  The  Case  of  Alien  Enemies 
Considered  and  Decided,  <fcc.,  1813. 

Bache,  Richard,  1794-1836,  Captain  of  Ordnance 
U.S.  Army.  Notes  on  Colombia,  1822-23,  Phila.,  1827,  8vo. 

Bache,  William.  Inaugural  Dissertation  on  Car 
bonic  Acid  Gas,  Phila.,  1794,  8vo. 


Bachman,  John,  D.D.,  LL.D.,  b.  1790,  Dutchesa 
co.,  N.Y.,  a  distinguished  naturalist;  licensed  to  preach  in 
1813 ;  pastor  of  the  German  Lutheran  Church  in  Charles 
ton,  S.C.,  from  1815  to  the  present  time,  (1858.)  He  was 
an  associate  of  Audubon,  (q.  v.,)  whom  he  assisted  in  the 
preparation  of  his  great  work  on  Ornithology,  and  was  the 
principal  author  of  the  work  on  the  Quadrupeds  of  North 
America,  illustrated  by  Audubon  and  his  sons.  Defence 
of  Luther  and  the  Reformation,  Charleston,  1853.  Ser 
mon  on  the  Doctrine  and  Discipline  of  the  Evangelical 
Lutheran  Church,  1837.  Design  and  Duties  of  the  Chris 
tian  Ministry,  1848.  The  Doctrine  of  Unity  of  the  Humat 
Race  Examined  on  the  Principles  of  Science,  1850.  Notice 
of  the  Types  of  Mankind,  (by  Nott  and  Gliddon  ;)  with  an 
Examination  of  the  Charges  contained  in  the  Biography 
of  Dr.  Morton,  1854.  Examination  of  Prof.  Agassiz'a 
Sketch  of  the  Natural  Provinces  of  the  Animal  World, 
and  their  Relations  to  the  Different  Types  of  Men,  1855. 
Characteristics  of  Genera  and  Species  as  applicable  to  the 
Doctrine  of  the  Unity  of  the  Human  Race,  1854.  Cata 
logue  of  Phoenogamous  Plants  and  Ferns  growing  in  the 
Vicinity  of  Charleston,  S.C.  See  South  Car.  Med.  Jour. 

Back,  Sir  George,  1796-1857,  b.  at  Stockport, 
entered  the  navy  at  an  early  age.  He  accompanied  Sir 
John  Franklin  on  his  Northern  voyage  in  1818  and  those 
of  1819  and  '23  to  explore  the  Arctic  regions.  In  1833 
he  undertook  an  overland  journey  in  search  of  Capt.  Ross. 
1.  Narrative  of  the  Arctic  Land  Expedition  to  the  Mouth 
of  the  Great  Fish  River  and  along  the  Shores  of  the  Arctic 
Ocean  in  the  Years  1833-34-35. 

"  Of  all  the  voyages  of  discovery  entered  upon  within  our  recol 
lection,  none  engaged  public  interest  so  thoroughly  as  the  expedi 
tion  the  fruits  of  which  are  before  us." — Lon.  Athen. 

2.  Perils  and  Escape  of  H.M.  Ship  Terror,  1838,  8vo. 

Backhouse,  James.     Sermon  on  2  Cor.  iv.  5,  1758. 

Backhouse,  Thos.  Surveys  of  Harbours  in  N.  Scotia. 

Backhouse,  W.     On  Life  Annuities,  1778. 

Backhouse,  Wm.,  Fellow  of  Christ's  Coll.  and  Vicar 
of  Meldreth.  The  History  of  the  Man  of  God  who  was 
sent  from  Judah  to  Bethel :  Sermon  on  1  Kings  xiii.  1 :  a 
Caution  against  Religious  Delusion,  Camb.,  1763. 

Backhouse,  Wm.,  1593-1662,  a  noted  alchemist. 
He  trans,  from  the  French  The  Pleasant  Fountain  of 
Knowledge,  1644.  The  Complaint  of  Nature  and  the 
Golden  Fleece;  a  trans,  from  Solomon  Trismosin,  Master 
to  Paracelsus.  Backhouse  adopted  Elias  Ashmole  as  his 
son  in  mystical  philosophy. 

Backus,  Azel,  D.D.,  1765-1816,  Pres.  of  Hamilton 
Coll.,  New  York,  pub.  Sermons,  1797-1813. 

Backus,  Chas.,  D.D.,  1749-1803,  a  native  of  Nor 
wich,  Connecticut,  pub.  Sermons,  1795-1801,  and  a  volume 
on  Regeneration. 

Backus,  Isaac,  1724-1806,  a  distinguished  Baptist 
minister  of  Massachusetts,  was  b.  at  Norwich,  in  Con 
necticut.  His  principal  work  is  a  History  of  New  Eng 
land,  with  particular  reference  to  the  Baptists,  1777-84. 
He  pub.  an  Abridgment  in  1804,  bringing  down  the  work 
to  that  date. 

Backus,  J.     Laws  rel.  to  Sheriff,  Ac.  in  Conn. 

Bacon,  Mr.  An  Ordinance  for  Preventing  the  Spread 
ing  of  Heresies,  presented  to  the  House  of  Commons  by 
him  and  Mr.  Teat,  with  Observations  thereupon,  Lon.,  1646. 

Bacon,  of  Gray's  Inn.  Rights  of  the  Kingdom,  or  Cus 
toms  of  our  Ancestors  touching  our  Kings  and  Parliament, 
Lon.,  1682. 

Bacon,  Anne,  1528?-1600?  was  the  second  daughter 
of  Sir  Anthony  Cooke,  the  wife  of  Sir  Nicholas  Bacon,  and 
mother  of  the  illustrious  Sir  Francis  Bacon,  Baron  Veru- 
lam.  It  is  worthy  of  observation  that  the  four  daughters 
of  Sir  Anthony  Cooke  all  formed  distinguished  matrimonial 
alliances :  1.  Mildred  married  Lord  Burleigh ;  2.  Anne, 
Sir  Nicholas  Bacon ;  3.  Elizabeth,  Sir  John  Russell,  sol 
of  the  Earl  of  Bedford;  and,  4.  Catherine,  Sir  Henry  Kil 
ligrew.  The  subject  of  our  memoir  was  eminent  for  learn 
ing  and  piety,  and  well  versed  in  the  Greek,  Latin,  and 
Italian  tongues."  At  an  early  age  she  translated  from  the 
Italian  into  English  twenty-five  sermons,  written  by  Bar- 
nardine  Ochine,  concerning  the  Predestination  and  Elec 
tion  of  God,  published  about  1550.  She  translated  Bishop 
Jewel's  Apology  for  the  Church  of  England,  from  the  ori 
ginal  Latin  into  English.  This  translation  has  been  com 
mended  as  "both  faithful  and  elegant."  Archbishop 
Parker,  to  whom  the  manuscript  had  been  submitted,  re 
turned  it  printed,  "  knowing  that  he  had  hereby  done  for 
the  best,  and  in  this  point  used  a  reasonable  policy ;  that 
is,  to  prevent  such  excuses  as  her  modesty  would  have 
made  in  stay  of  publishing  it."  It  was  printed  in  1564 


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and  in  1600.  When  she  sent  the  archbishop  the  MS.,  it 
was  accompanied  with  a  letter  to  the  prelate  in  Greek, 
which  he  answered  in  the  same  language.  Beza  dedicated 
to  this  learned  lady  his  Meditations.  Interesting  details 
connected  with  her  literary  history  will  be  found  in  Bal- 
lard's  Memoirs  of  British  Ladies,  and  in  Birch's  Memoirs 
of  Queen  Elizabeth,  where  are  some  of  her  letters  at  length. 

Bacon,  Anthony,  b.  1558,  brother  of  Sir  Francis 
Bacon.  Mem.  of  Reign  of  Q.  Eliz.,  pub.  by  Dr.  Birch. 

Bacon,  Delia.  Philosophy  of  the  Plays  of  Shak- 
Bpeare  Unfolded;  with  a  Preface  by  Nathaniel  Hawthorne, 
Lon.,  1857,  8vo. 

"From  Mr.  Hawthorne  we  learn  that  Miss  Bacon  originally 
meant  to  issue  this  book  in  America,  as  'she  wished  her  own 
country  to  have  the  glory  of  solving  the  enigma  of  those  mighty 
dramas  and  thus  adding  a  new  and  higher  value  to  the  loftiest 
productions  of  the  English  mind.'  We  grieve  to  think  her  pur 
pose  failed,  and  that  the  book  appears  with  the  disadvantage  of  an 
English  name  on  the  title.  Mr.  Hawthorne— as  every  reader  of 
the  '  Scarlet  Letter'  knows — is  a  humourist  of  peculiar  kind ;  but 
his  concluding  paragraph  of  introduction  to  this  wild  and  silly 
book  crowns  the  list  of  his  drolleries.  In  the  preface  to  a  volume 
designed  to  rob  Shakspeare  of  his  literary  glories,  Mr.  Hawthorne 
says,  '  It  is  for  the  public  to  say  whether  my  countrywoman  has 
proved  her  theory.  In  the  worst  event,  if  she  has  failed,  her 
failure  will  be  more  honourable  than  most  people's  triumphs; 
since  it  must  fling  upon  the  old  tombstone  at  Stratford-on-Avon 
the  noblest  tributary  wreath  that  has  ever  lain  there.'  Fie!  Mr. 
Hawthorne!" — Lon.  Athen.,  April  11, 1857. 

Bacon,  Francis,  Baron  Verulam,  Viscount 

St.  Al  ban's,  1560-1-1626,  one  of  the  most  illustrious  of 
modern  philosophers,  was  the  youngest  son  of  Sir  Nicholas 
and  Lady  Anne  Bacon.  He  was  b.  at  York-House,  in  the 
Strand,  London,  on  the  22d  of  January.  As  a  child  he 
was  remarkable  for  quickness  of  thought  and  great  pre 
cision  and  force  of  language.  These  qualities  attracted 
the  notice  of  Queen  Elizabeth,  who  playfully  called  him  j 
her  young  Lord  Keeper,  intimating  his  probable  succession 
to  his  father's  honours.  Ben  Jonson  represents  him  as 
marked  for  this  distinction,  even  before  the  sagacity  of  the 
Queen  had  prompted  the  prediction.  Jonson  was  one  of 
the  party  who  partook  of  Chancellor  Bacon's  hospitality 
at  York-house,  on  January  22,  1620,  the  sixtieth  birth-day 
of  the  host;  the  poet  celebrated  the  occasion  in  choice 
poetry,  of  which  the  following  is  a  specimen : 
"  Hail,  happy  genius  of  this  ancient  pile! 

How  comes  it  all  things  so  about  thee  smile  ? 

The  fire,  the  wine,  the  men — and  in  the  midst 

Thou  stand' st,  as  if  some  mystery  thou  didst. 

England's  high  Chancellor,  the  destined  heir 

In  his  soft  cradle,  to  his  father's  chair; 

Whose  even  thread  the  fates  spin  round  and  full, 

Out  of  their  choicest  and  their  whitest  wool." 

In  his  13th  year  he  was  entered  of  Trinity  College, 
Cambridge,  where  he  remained  for  three  years  and  a  half. 
We  must  make  great  allowances  for  the  statement  so  con 
fidently  asserted,  that  at  this  early  age  he  had  not  only 
detected  the  fallacies  of  the  philosophy  of  Aristotle,  but 
had  mentally  projected  the  substitution  of  that  "more  ex 
cellent  way"  of  arriving  at  truth,  the  introduction  of 
which  has  placed  him  in  the  first  rank  of  modern  philoso 
phers.  That  he  was  dissatisfied  with  the  canonical  author 
ities  of  the  prevailing  school,  and  felt  that  there  was  a 
vitality  in  the  teachings  of  truth  which  revolted  at  the  ar 
tificial  barriers  so  rigidly  imposed  by  the  "philosophy 
falsely  so  called,"  to  which  it  was  the  habit  to  bow  with 
unquestioning  submission — this  we  do  not  doubt.  He 
had,  to  use  his  own  words  in  later  years,  taken  "  all  know 
ledge  to  be  his  province,"  and  his  was  not  a  mind  to  be 
patiently  trammelled  by  any  system.  After  leaving  col 
lege  he  visited  France,  in  the  train  of  Sir  Amias  Paulet. 
Whilst  abroad,  he  wrote  the  Notes  on  the  State  of  Europe, 
which  we  find  in  his  works.  In  February,  1580,  he  was 
summoned  home  by  the  death  of  his  father.  Being  very 
slenderly  provided  for,  he  made  an  application  to  govern 
ment  to  obtain  some  certain  source  of  income,  wbich  would 
allow  him  to  devote  his  attention  to  literature  and  politics. 
Most  unfortunately  for  the  cause  of  science,  this  applica 
tion  was  unsuccessful.  Choosing  the  law  as  his  profession, 
he  obtained  a  good  deal  of  practice,  but  it  is  not  unlikely 
that  the  opinion  of  the  queen  was  shared  by  many,  and 
prevented  his  gaining  any  brilliant  reputation  as  a  pro 
found  lawyer.  "  Bacon,"  said  Elizabeth,  "  has  a  great 
wit  and  much  learning,  but  in  law  showeth  to  the  uttermost 
of  his  knowledge,  and  is  not  deep."  There  is  great  rea 
son  to  suspect  much  injustice  in  this  opinion.  Where  he 
had  every  right  to  expect  encouragement  and  aid  from  his 
powerful  relative,  Lord  Burleigh,  he  seems  to  have  en 
countered  any  thing  but  a  spirit  of  kindness  and  good 
will.  It  was  natural,  therefore,  that  he  should  attach 
himself  to  the  party  of  Burleigh  s  opponent,  the  Earl  of 


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Essex ;  and  this  nobleman  heartily  espoused  his  cause. 
We  grieve  to  say  that  the  disinterested  kindness  of  the 
earl  was  repaid  by  the  basest  ingratitude.  When  his  un 
happy  patron  bowed  his  head  in  his  hour  of  darkness  and 
desolation,  Francis  Bacon  was  by  his  side, — not  as  the 
sympathizing  friend,  to  cheer,  to  comfort,  and  to  console, 
but  he  was  there  as  the  accusing  fiend,  to  condemn, — as 
the  heartless  executioner,  to  bind  and  manacle  the  victim, 
and  cast  him  "  to  the  lions."  Nor  satisfied  with  this,  he 
hesitated  not  to  affix  a  stigma  to  his  benefactor's  grave, 
and  rehearse,  for  the  information  of  posterity,  the  "  Decla 
ration  of  the  Treasons  of  Robert,  Earl  of  Essex  !"  When 
we  remember  this  disgraceful  transaction,  we  feel  that  we 
have  no  right  to  censure  the  portrait  drawn  by  a  great 
poet,  of  our  greater  author — 

"  The  wisest,  brightest,  meanest,  of  mankind." 

Yet  Mr.  Montagu  can  herein  justify  Bacon,  and  plead 
for  him  "  as  a  man  pleadeth  for  his  first-born !"  How 
true  it  is  that  the  biographer  and  the  lover  are  almost  sy 
nonymous  terms  !  Mr.  Montagu,  in  order  to  defend  a  bad 
cause,  is  obliged,  as  is  usual  in  such  cases,  to  plead  a  bad 
principle;  viz.  that  a  lawyer  in  the  advocacy  of  his  brief 
is  permitted,  nay  obliged,  to  ignore  moral  honesty,  truth, 
justice,  and  every  other  virtue,  if  the  interest  of  his  client 
shall  require  such  a  tremendous  sacrifice,  such  wholesale 
abnegation  of  the  very  foundations  of  public  and  private 
morality.  We  do  not  use  Mr.  Montagu's  phraseology,  but 
we  do  not  "in  the  estimation  of  a  hair"  overstrain  the 
statement  of  what  is  done  every  day  in  our  "  courts  of 
justice."( !)  Mr.  Macaulay's  remarks  upon  this  subject, 
and  in  the  same  connexion,  are  much  to  the  purpose. 
See  his  Essay  on  Lord  Bacon. 

In  1593  he  sat  as  member  for  the  county  of  Middlesex. 
Fortunately,  wo  have  a  graphic  sketch  of  Bacon  as  the 
orator,  by  his  friend  Ben  Jonson  : 

"  There  happened  in  my  time  one  noble  speaker  who  was  full  of 
gravity  in  his  speaking.  His  language,  when  he  could  spare  or 
pass  by  a  jest,  was  nobly  censorious.  No  man  ever  spoke  more 
neatly,  more  pressly,  more  weightily,  or  suffered  less  emptiness, 
less  idleness,  in  what  he  uttered.  No  member  of  his  speech  but 
consisted  of  his  own  graces.  His  hearers  could  not  cough  or  look 
aside  from  him  without  loss.  He  commanded  where  he  spoke, 
and  had  his  judges  angry  and  pleased  at  his  devotion.  No  man 
had  their  affections  more  in  his  power.  The  fear  of  every  man 
that  heard  him  was  lest  he  should  make  an  end." — Discoveries. 

Bacon's  earliest  publication  was  the  first  part  of  his  cele 
brated  Essays,  or  Counsels,  afterwards  considerably  aug 
mented.  The  Elements  of  the  Common  Law  of  England, 
written  in  1596,  and  The  History  of  the  Alienation  Office, 
written  in  1598,  were  not  published  until  after  his  death. 
The  Essays  attained  immediate  popularity,  and  were  trans 
lated  into  Latin,  French,  and  Italian. 

In  July,  1603,  Bacon  was  presented  to  King  James  I., 
at  Whitehall,  and  received  the  honour  of  knighthood.  In 
1604  he  was  appointed  King's  Counsel ;  shortly  after  which 
he  married  Alice,  the  daughter  of  Benedict  Barnham,  Esq., 
Alderman.  In  the  next  year  appeared  his  treatise  on  The 
Advancement  of  Learning,  which  was  the  basis  of  the 
De  Amjmentis.  The  De  Sapientia  Veterum  was  published 
in  1609. 

In  1616,  Sir  Francis  Bacon  was  sworn  of  the  Privy 
Council,  and  in  March,  1617,  he  received  the  appointment 
of  Keeper  of  the  Great  Seal.  He  was  much  beholden  for 
his  preferment  to  the  influence  of  Buckingham,  and  not  a 
little  to  his  personal  solicitation  of  the  King,  in  which  he 
was  not  backward  to  assert  his  merits  and  fitness  for  the 
post  of  Lord  Keeper.  On  the  4th  of  January,  1618,  he 
was  made  Lord  High  Chancellor,  and  on  the  llth  of  July 
ensuing  he  was  ennobled  by  the  title  of  Baron  of  Verulam, 
and  three  years  later  was  raised  to  the  dignity  of  Viscount 
St.  Alban's.  Fain  would  we  leave  him  in  this  exalted  posi 
tion,  but,  alas  !  a  great  fall  was  at  hand.  King  James  had 
been  compelled  by  his  necessities  to  summon  a  Parliament; 
and  its  Committee  in  the  Courts  of  Justice  reported  on 
the  15th  March,  that  abuses  of  no  common  order  had  been 
charged. 

"  The  Person,"  said  the  chairman,  "  against  whom  the  things 
are  alleged,  is  no  less  than  the  Lord  Chancellor ;  a  man  so  endued 
with  all  parts,  both  of  nature  and  of  art,  as  that  I  will  say  no  more 
of  him,  being  not  able  to  say  enough." 

Our  limits  forbid  any  other  than  a  brief  notice  of  this 
melancholy  portion  of  the  Lord  Chancellor's  history.  The 
reader  will  find  an  admirable  analysis  of  the  whole  subject, 
as  well  as  of  the  Baconian  philosophy,  in  Mr.  Macaulay'fc 
well-known  essay  on  Lord  Bacon.  That  there  were  extenu 
ating  circumstances  in  the  well-founded  charges  against 
the  Chancellor,  may  be  admitted,  without  making  him  a 
false  witness  against  himself  in  his  memorable  confession  . 

"  Upon  advised  consideration  of  the  charges,  descending  into 
my  own  conscience,  and  calling  my  memory  to  account  as  far  as  I 


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am  able,  I  do  plainly  and  ingenuously  confess  that  I  am  guilty  of  j 
corruption,  and  do  renounce  all  defence." 

To  the  committee  of  the  Lords  who  were  sent  to  inquire 
if  this  confession  were  indeed  signed  by  himself,  his  pa 
thetic  answer  was :  "  My  Lords,  it  is  my  act,  my  hand,  | 
my  heart.     I  beseech  your  lordships  to  be  merciful  to  a 
broken  reed !" 

The  sentence  passed  upon  the  offender  was  a  fine  of 
£40,000,  imprisonment  in  the  Tower  during  the  King's 
.pleasure,  incapacity  to  hold  any  office  in  the  state,  or  to 
sit  in  Parliament,  and  banishment  for  life  from  the  verge  j 
of  the  Court  This  heavy  sentence  proved  to  be  little  more  j 
than  a  matter  of  form.  He  was  confined  in  the  Tower 
but  two  days,  his  fine  was  released  by  the  King,  he  was 
Buffered  to  appear  at  Court,  and  in  1624  the  political  inca 
pacity  under  which  he  still  suffered  was  removed.  His 
seat  as  a  peer  in  the  House  of  Lords  was  again  open  to 
him,  and  he  was  summoned  to  the  next  Parliament,  though 
he  thought  proper  to  decline  attendance.  His  habits  of 
improvidence  still  followed  him  in  his  retreat.  The  teacher 
of  philosophic  humility  and  moderation  excited  the  asto 
nishment  of  a  prince  by  his  ostentation,  and  the  author  of 
the  Essays  on  Economy  and  Improvidence  was  continually 
harassed  by  domestic  debts.  Prince  Charles,  encounter 
ing  his  imposing  equipage  and  numerous  train  on  the  road, 
exclaimed  with  admiration :  "  Do  what  we  can,  this  man 
scorns  to  go  out  in  snuff." 

His  faithful  friend,  Rare  Ben  Jonson,  groups  together 
his  sunshine  and  twilight  in  a  few  pathetic  lines : 

"  My  conceit  of  his  person  was  never  increased  towards  him  by 
his  place  or  honours ;  but  I  have  and  do  reverence  him  for  the 
greatness  that  was  only  proper  to  himself,  in  that  he  seemed  to  me 
ever,  by  his  work,  one  of  the  greatest  men  and  most  worthy  of  admi 
ration  that  had  been  in  many  ages.  In  his  adversity  I  ever  prayed 
that  God  would  give  him  strength ;  for  greatness  he  could  not  want." 
The  ex-chancellor  survived  his  political  bankruptcy 
five  years.  The  cause  of  his  death  is  well  known.  Anx 
ious  to  test  a  theory  that  he  had  formed  relative  to  the 
efficacy  of  snow  in  arresting  animal  putrefaction,  he  one 
cold  day  left  his  coach,  near  Highgate,  bought  a  fowl  at  an 
adjoining  cottage,  and  stuffed  it  with  snow.  He  was  sud 
denly  seized  with  an  alarming  sensation  of  chilliness,  and 
was  carried  to  the  mansion  of  the  Earl  of  Arundel,  at 
Highgate,  where  he  lingered  for  a  week,  and  expired  on 
Easter  morning,  1626,  in  the  arms  of  his  friend,  Sir  Julius 
Caesar.  His  last  letter  was  written  to  his  host,  who  was 
then  absent  from  home.  In  this  letter  he  calls  himself  the 
"  martyr  of  science,"  and  compares  himself  to  Pliny  the 
Elder,  who  lost  his  life  in  the  cause  of  investigation.  In 
his  will  he  leaves  his  name  and  memory  to  men's  charita 
ble  speeches,  "  to  foreign  nations,  and  to  my  own  country 
men,  after  some  time  be  passed  over." 

We  shall  now  proceed  to  review,  briefly,  the  literary  pro 
ductions  of  the  distinguished  subject  of  our  memoir.  We 
have  already  referred  to  Mr.  Basil  Montagu  as  a  biogra 
pher,  and  frankly  expressed  our  dissent  from  some  of  his 
conclusions  respecting  the  character  of  one  the  influence 
of  whose  name  is  great  enough  for  any  thing  but  success 
ful  resistance  to  the  verdict  of  unconquerable  truth.  But 
we  should  be  justly  blamed  did  we  omit  to  record  our  grati 
tude  to  Mr.  Montagu  for  his  splendid  edition  of  the  Works 
of  Lord  Bacon,  in  17  vols.  8vo,  1825-34 :  £8  18».  &d.  j 
large  paper,  £26  15«.  Qd.  See  ELLIS,  R.  LESLIE. 

It  is  deeply  to  be  regretted  that  Lord  Bacon  never  car 
ried  out  a  favourite  plan  long  cherished  by  him,  of 

"  Reducing  or  perfecting  the  course,  or  corps,  of  the  Common 
Law,  digesting  or  recompiling  them,  so  that  the  entire  body  and 
substance  of  Law  should  remain ;  only  discharged  of  idle,  or  un 
profitable,  or  hurtful  matter.  I  dare  not  advise  to  cast  the  law 
into  a  new  mould.  The  work  which  I  propound  tendeth  to  prun 
ing  and  grafting  the  Laws,  and  not  to  ploughing  up  and  planting 
it  again ;  for  such  remove  I  hold  a  perilous  innovation." 

His  Elements  of  the  Laws  of  England,  published  in 
1636,  consists  of,  1.  A  Collection  of  some  Principal  Rules 
and  Maxims  of  the  Common  Law,  with  their  Latitude  and 
Extent.  We  have  here  but  twenty-five  out  of  three  hun 
dred  Rules  which  he  had  collected  : 

"  I  thought  good,  before  I  brought  them  all  into  form,  to  publish 
some  few,  that  by  the  taste  of  other  men's  opinions,  in  this  first, 
I  might  receive  either  approbation  in  my  own  course,  or  better  ad 
vice  for  the  altering  of  others  which  remain ;  for  it  is  great  reason 
that  that  which  is  intended  to  the  profit  of  others,  should  be  guided 
by  the  conceits  of  others." 

The  excellence  of  that  which  we  possess  makes  us  grieve 
that  we  have  so  small  a  proportion  of  that  which  the  au 
thor  designed : 

"  Though  some  great  masters  of  the  Law  did  outgo  him  in  bulk 
and  particularly  in  cases :  yet  in  the  science  of  the  grounds,  and 
mysteries  of  the  Law,  he  was  exceeded  by  none." — Preface  to  Slack- 
state's  Anal. 

What  an  invaluable  acquisition  to  the  legal  and  philoso- 
90 


phical  literature  of  the  world  would  have  been  Bacon's  Illus 
trations  of  Three  Hundred  Rules  and  Maxims  of  the  Com 
mon  Law  !  With  that  keenness  of  perception,  profundity 
of  judgment,  and  critical  accuracy  of  definition,  which  dis 
tinguished  this  legal  philosopher,  we  should  have  had  a 
noble  compend  of  juridical  wisdom ;  an  invaluable  auxiliary 
to  the  teachings  of  that  Volume  which  enforces  equity  and 
truth  in  the  duties  of  this  life  by  the  solemn  sanctions  of 
the  life  to  come.  Bacon's  royal  master  would  then  have 
had  a  double  claim  upon  the  gratitude  of  mankind,  in  the 
inestimable  version  of  the  inspired  Scriptures,  and  in  one 
of  the  grandest  conceptions  of  human  wisdom.  The  se 
cond  portion  of  The  Elements  of  the  Common  Law,  was 
styled  by  its  author,  The  Use  of  the  Law  for  Preservation 
of  our  Persons,  Goods,  and  Good  Names,  according  to  the 
Laws  of  this  Land.  This  treatise  has  been  praised  as 

"Not  only  completely  fitted  for  the  improvement  of  such  as 
study  the  Law,  but  also  the  Book  in  the  world  best  calculated  to 
give  every  man  of  good  sense  and  unbiassed  judgment,  both  a  ge 
neral  idea,  and  a  good  opinion  of  the  Law,  which  is  represented 
therein  in  that  light  which  is  at  once  the  fairest,  fullest,  and  most 
agreeable." 

The  best-known  law  treatise  of  Lord  Bacon  is  his  Read 
ing  on  the  Statute  of  Uses,  which  was  delivered  before  the 
Society  of  Gray's  Inn  about  the  year  1600.     This  can  be 
considered  only  an  unfinished  design  : 
"  A  profound  treatise  on  the  subject,  as  tar  as  it  goes."" — HARGRAVE. 
The  History  of  the  Alienation  Office  has  been  cited  as  a 
proof  of 

"  How  great  a  master  he  was  not  in  one  Law  only,  but  in  our 
History  and  Antiquities ;  so  that  it  may  be  justly  said,  there  never 
fell  any  thine;  from  his  pen  which  more  clearly  and  fully  demon 
strated  his  abilities." 

The  History  of  Henry  VII.  has  been  censured  by  Dr. 
Johnson  as  evincing  a  want  of  care  usual  to  the  day : 

"It  is  but  of  late  that  Historians  bestow  pains  and  attention 
in  consulting  records,  to  attain  to  accuracy.  Bacon,  in  writing 
bis  History  of  Henry  VII.,  does  not  seem  to  have  consulted  any, 
but  to  have  just  taken  what  he  found  in  other  histories,  and  blend 
ed  it  with  what  he  learned  by  tradition." 

But  Bishop  Nicolson,  speaking  of  the  authors  who  have 
written  concerning  the  reign  of  Henry  VII.,  cannot  suffi 
ciently  commend  our  historian  : 

"This  good  work  was  most  effectually  undertaken  and  com 
pleted  by  the  incomparable  Sir  Francis  Bacon,  who  has  bravely 
surmounted  all  those  difficulties,  and  passed  over  those  rocks  and 
shallows,  against  which  he  took  such  pains  to  caution  other  less 
experienced  historians.  He  has  perfectly  put  himself  into  King 
Henry's  own  garb  and  livery,  giving  as  sprightly  a  view  of  the 
secrets  of  his  Council,  as  if  himself  had  been  President  in  it."— 
English  Historical  Library. 

Catherine  Macaulay,  on  the  other  hand,  blames  the  his 
torian  for  flattering  King  James 

"  So  far  as  to  paint  his  grandfather,  Henry  the  Seventh,  in  an 
amiable  light." — Catherine  Macauluy's  History  of  England,  vol.  i. 
We  proceed  to  the  consideration  of  Bacon's  philosophi 
cal  writings.  His  Essays,  or  Counsels,  Civil  arid  Moral, 
were  first  published  in  1597;  2d  edition,  with  additions, 
in  1612;  3d,  still  further  augmented,  in  1624.  In  the 
dedication  to  his  brother,  Anthony  Bacon,  the  author  states 
that  he  published  his  Essays  "  because  many  of  them  had 
stolen  abroad  in  writing,"  and  he  was  anxious  to  give  a 
correct  impression  of  them. 

"To  write  just  treatises  requires  leisure  in  the  writer,  and  lei 
sure  in  the  reader.  .  .  .  The  word  [Essays]  is  late,  but  the  thing 
is  ancient;  for  Seneca's  Epistles  to  Lucilius,  if  you  mark  them 
well,  are  but  Essays,  that  is,  dispersed  meditations,  though  con 
veyed  in  the  form  of  Epistles." — From  the  intended  Preface  to  the 
2d  edition. 

This  is  the  work  by  which  Bacon  is  best  known  to  the 
majority  of  readers. 

"  The  first  in  time,  and,  we  may  justly  say,  the  first  in  excel 
lence,  of  English  writings  on  moral  prudence,  are  the  Essays  of 
Bacon.  .  .  .  The  transcendent  strength  of  Bacon's  mind  is  visible 
in  the  whole  tenor  of  these  Essays,  unequal  as  they  must  be 
from  the  very  nature  of  such  compositions.  They  are  deeper  and 
more  discriminating  than  any  earlier,  or  almost  any  later,  work 
in  the  English  language;  full  of  recondite  observations,  long  ma 
tured,  and  carefully  sifted.  .  .  .  Few  books  are  more  quoted,  and, 
what  is  not  always  the  case  with  such  books,  we  may  add,  that 
few  are  more  generally  read.  In  this  respect  they  lead  the  van  of 
our  prose  literature;  for  no  gentleman  is  ashamed  of  owning  that 
he  has  not  read  the  Elizabethan  writers ;  but  it  would  be  some 
what  derogatory  to  a  man  of  the  slightest  claim  to  polite  letters, 
were  he  unacquainted  with  the  Essays  of  Bacon/'— Hullam's  In- 
troduc.  to  the.  Lit.  of  Europe. 

"The  virtue  of  these  Essays  is  too  well  allowed  to  require  any 
comment.  Without  the  elegance  of  Addison,  or  the  charming 
egotism  of  Montaigne,  they  have  acquired  the  widest  circulation ; 
and  if  Bacon  had  written  no  more,  they  would  have  bequeathed 
his  name  undying  to  posterity.  Burke  preferred  them  to  the  rest 
of  his  writings,  and  Dr.  Johnson  observed,  that  '  their  excellence 
and  value  consists  in  their  being  the  observations  of  a  strong  mind 
operating  upon  life,  and,  in  consequence,  you  will  find  there  what 
you  seldom  find  in  other  books.'  "—Malone's  Life  of  Sir  Joxlma 
Reynolds:  Rose's  Bing.  Diet.:  rend  the  whole  of  this  excellent 
sketch  of  Bacon  and  his  writings. 


BAG 

"Under  the  head  of  Ethics  may  be  mentioned  the  small  volume 
to  which  he  has  given  the  title  of  Essay* ;  the  best  known  and 
the  n  s  popularCof  all  his  works.  It  is  also  one  of  those  where 
the  superiority  of  his  genius  appears  to  the  greatest  .advantage; 
the  novelty  and  depth  of  his  reflections  often  receiving  a  strong 
relief  from  the  triteness  of  his  subject.  It  may  be  read  from  be 
ginning  to  end  in  a  few  hours;  and  yet,  after  the  twentieth  peru- 
Sal,  one  seldom  foils  to  remark  in  it  something  overlooked  before. 
This  indeed  is  a  characteristic  of  all  Bacon's  writings,  and  is  only 
to  be  Counted  for  by  the  inexhaustible  aliment  they  furnish  to 
our  own  thoughts,  and  the  sympathetic  activity  they  impart  to 
our  torpid  fecuKies!"-tf  «0oM  Stewart,  1ft  Prel.  Diss.  to  Anc.yc.  Brit. 
About  the  26th  year  of  his  age,  Bacon  formed  the  nrst 
sketch  of  the  great  work  which  he  designed  completing  in 
his  "  Instauration  of  the  Sciences."  This  sketch  he  enti 
tled  Temponu  Partus  Miucitnu* ;  The  Greatest  Birth  of 
Time.  In  writing,  towards  the  close  of  his  life,  to  Father 
Fulgentio,  a  learned  Italian,  who  had  asked  of  him  an  ac 
count  of  his  works,  he  remarks, 

'•  Equidem  memini  me  quadraginta  abhinc  annis  juvenile  opus- 
culum  ciiva  has  res  confecisse,  quod  magna  prorsus  fiducia  et 
ma  'iiiiico  titulo,  'Temporis  Patruiu  Maximum,'  inscripsi." 

The  Treatise  on  the  Advancement  of  Learning,  which 
was  the  germ  of  the  De  Augmentis  Scientiarum,  (pub.  1623,) 
was  published  in  1605. 

'•  In  this,  indeed,  the  whole  of  the  Baconian  philosophy  may  be 
said  to  be  implicitly  contained,  except,  perhaps,  the  second  book  of 
the  Novum  organum." 

De  Sapientia  Veterum  [The  Wisdom  of  the  Ancients] 
1609.  ''  Written,"  as  he  says,  "in  the  midst  of  a  terra  and 
Parliament." 

"  A  work  which,  if  it  had  proceeded  from  any  other  writer,  would 
have  been  considered  as  a  masterpiece  of  wit  and  learning,  but 
•which  adds  little  to  the  fame  of  Bacon."— T.  B.  MACAULAY. 
In  this  work,  he  applies  morally  or  politically 
"  Most  of  the  fables  of  the  Greek  Mythology,  sometimes  display 
ing  remarkable  acuteness  and  penetration ;  at  other  times  an  ex 
uberance  of  fancy  which  amuses  rather  than  instructs." 

Novum  Organum,  1620.  This  work  was  immediately 
honoured  by  "  the  warmest  expressions  of  admiration  from 
the  ablest  men  of  Europe." 

"  The  greatest  of  all  his  works,  and  the  central  pile  of  that  ed 
fice  of  philosophy  on  which  the  world  has  bestowed  his  name. 
The  Novum  Organum  was  received  with  unbounded  applause  of 
the  learned,  both  in  his  own  and  foreign  nations,  and  placed  the 
fame  of  its  author  at  once  above  that  of  every  other  living  author." 
This  work  was  valued  by  Bacon  above  all  his  other 
writings;  twelve  times  was  it  revised,  altered,  and  cor 
rected,  year  by  year,  before  publication.  This  ambitious 
title,  in  which  the  author  enters  the  lists  with  the  ancient 
"  Organon,"  the  logical  text-book  of  Aristotle,  shows  the 
confidence  which  the  modern  philosopher  entertained  in 
the  value  of  his  improvements  in  the  art  of  reasoning 
This  production  is  to  be  accepted  as  the  second  part  of 
the  Instauratio  Magna,  which  he  tells  us  was  to  be  "the 
science  of  a  better  and  more  perfect  use  of  reason  in  the 
investigation  of  things,  and  of  the  true  aids  to  the  under 
standing;"  in  other  words,  an  exposition  of  the  inductive 
method;  what  we  now  term  the  Baconian  philosophy 
The  Novanum  Organum  by  no  means  answers  the  ex 
pressed  design  of  the  author.  We  mean  that  he  has  no 
filled  his  own  sketch. 

"  The  aphorisms  into  which  he  has  digested  it  being  rather  the 
heads  or  theses  of  chapters,  at  least  in  many  places,  that  woulc 
have  been  farther  expanded.  And  it  is  still  more  important  t< 
observe  that  he  did  not  achieve  the  whole  of  this  summary  that  h< 
had  promised;  but  out  of  nine  divisions  of  his  method,  we  onl; 
possess  the  first,  which  he  denominates  preerogitivae.  Eight  others 
of  exceeding  importance  to  logic,  he  has  not  touched  at  all,  excep 
to  describe  them  by  name,  and  to  promise  more.  .  .  .  His  termino 
logy  is  often  a  little  affected,  and,  in  Latin,  rather  barbarous.  Th 
divisions  of  his  prerogative  instances  in  the  Novum  Organum,  ar 
not  always  founded  upon  intelligible  distinctions.  And  the  gene 
ral  obscurity  of  the  style,  neither  himself  nor  his  assistants  bein 
good  masters  of  the  Latin  language,  which,  at  the  best,  is  neve 
flexible  or  copious  enough  for  our  philosophy,  renders  the  perusa 
of  both  his  great  works  too  laborious  for  the  impatient  reader 
Brucker  has  well  observed  that  the  Novum  Organum  has  been  ne 
glected  by  the  generality,  and  proved  of  far  less  service  than  i 
would  otherwise  have  been  in  philosophy,  in  consequence  of  thes 
very  defects,  as  well  as  the  real  depth  of  the  author's  mind  " — 
HAU.AM. 

To  the  celebrated  Sir  Henry  Wotton  the  author  sen 
three  copies  of  this  book,  which  gift  was  rewarded  by 
very  laudatory  letter  from  this  famous  statesman,  diplo 
matist,  and  author.  The  Novum  Organum  has  receive 
the  commendations  of  very  eminent  authorities,  both 
the  author's  own  time,  and  in  every  successive  generation 
Like  all  productions  of  genius,  it  likewise  elicited  som 
censorious  criticisms. 

"  The  geniuses  laughed  at  it,  and  men  of  talent  and  acquii 
rnent,  whose  studies  had  narrowed  their  minds  into  particul- 
channels,  incapable  of  understanding  its  reasonings,  and  appre 
ciating  its  originality,  turned  wits  for  the  purpose  of  ridiculin 
the  new  publication  of  the  philosophic  Lord  Chancellor.  Dr.  Ar 
drews,  a  forgotten  wit  of  those  days,  perpetrated  a  vile  pun  upo 
the  town  and  title  of  St.  Alban's,  by  saying,  in  some  doggere 


BAG 

erses,  that  it  was  on  the  high  road  to  Dunce  table,  i.  e.  Dunstable, 
nd  therefore  appropriate  to  the  author  of  such  a  book.  Mr.  Se- 
•etary  Cuffe  said  that  it  was  '  a  book  which  a  fool  could  not  have 
ritten,  and  a  wise  man  would  not.'  King  James  declared  it  was 
ke  the  Peace  of  God — '  it  passeth  all  understanding.'  Coke 
rote,  under  a  device  on  the  title  page,  of  a  ship  passing  through 
ie  pillars  of  Hercules, 

'  It  deserveth  not  to  be  read  in  schools. 
But  to  be  freighted  in  the  ship  of  fools.' " 
To  such  hypercriticism,  the  author's  faithful  friend  in 
rosperity  and  affliction— the  friend  who  had  rejoiced  in 
he  rise,  and  wept  over  the  fall,  of  "  England's  High  Chan 
cellor,"  who  not  only  participated  in  his  festive  hospitality 
n  that "  high  day,"  when  "  all  things  did  about  him  smile," 
out  entered  into  his  closet  on  his  behalf,  in  his  hour  of 
darkness  and  disgrace,  to  pray  that  God  would  "  give  him 
strength  in  his  day  of  adversity," — twice  Rare  Ben  Jonson 
hus  adverts,  when  he  declares  that  the  Novum  Organum, 
"  Though  by  the  most  of  superficial  men  who  cannot  get  be- 
vond  the^title'of  Nominals,  it  is  not  penetrated  or  understood,  it 
•eally  openeth  all  defects  of  learning  whatsoever,  and  is  a  book 
'  Qui  longum  noto  scriptori  proragat  aevum. 
1  To  latest  time  shall  band  the  author's  name.' " 
Morhof,  in  his  Polyhistor,  commends  this  work  in  the 
highest  terms,  remarking  that  he 

"  Had  found  but  very  little  in  the  books  since  written  by  English 
men  the  grounds  of  which  he  had  not  long  before  met  with  in 
Bacon ;  the  extent  of  his  genius  struck  him  with  admiration,  as 
t  must  do  every  man  who  takes  the  pains  to  understand  him ; 
because,  though  this  new  knowledge  of  his  be  very  difficult,  and 
requires  much  study  and  application  to  master  it,  yet  it  leads  to 
;he  knowledge  of  things,  and  not  of  words." 
Voltaire  is  not  behind  in  commendation  : 
"  The  most  singular  and  the  best  of  all  his  pieces  is  that  which 
s  most  useless  and  least  read,  I  mean  his  Novum  Scientiarum 
Organum ;  this  is  the  scaffold  with  which  the  new  Philosophy  was 
raised,  and  when  the  edifice  was  built,  part  of  it,  at  least  the  scaf 
fold,  was  no  longer  of  service.  The  Lord  Bacon  was  not  yet  ac 
quainted  with  nature,  but  then  he  knew,  and  pointed  out,  the 
several  paths  that  led  to  it."— Letters  on  the  English  Nation;  quoted 
in  the  Biog.  Brit.  The  whole  of  this  excellent  article  should  be 
perused. 

Let  us  quote  the  opinions  of  a  few  modern  writers  : 
;'  Thouirh  he  possessed,  in  a  most  eminent  degree,  the  genius  of 
philosophy,  he  did  not  unite  with  it  the  genius  of  the  sciences ; 
the  methods  proposed  by  him  for  the  investigation  of  truth,  con 
sisting  entirely  of  precepts  which  he  was  unable  to  exemplify,  had 
little  or  no  effect  in  accelerating  the  rate  of  discovery."— CONDOR- 
CET:  in  Dugald  Stewart's  P>-el.  Diss.  to  Encyc.  Brit. 

"  The  merits  of  Bacon,  as  the  father  of  Experimental  Philosophy, 
are  so  universally  acknowledged,  that  it  would  be  superfluous  to 
touch  upon  them  here.  The  lights  which  he  has  struck  out  in 
various  branches  of  the  Philosophy  of  Mind  have  been  much  less 
attended  to.  .  .  In  the  extent  and  accuracy  of  his  physical  know 
ledge,  he  was  far  inferior  to  many  of  his  predecessors;  but  he  sur 
passed  them  all  in  his  knowledge  of  the  laws,  the  resources,  and 
the  limits  of  the  human  understanding."— DUGALD  STEWART,  ibid. 
"\Vithout  any  disparagement  to  the  admirable  treatise  De  Aug- 
rnentis,  we  must  say,  that,  in  our  judgment,  Bacon's  greatest  per 
formance  is  the  first  book  of  the  Novum  Organum.  All  the  pecu 
liarities  of  his  extraordinary  mind  are  found  there  in  the  highest 
perfection.  Many  of  the  aphorisms,  but  particularly  those  in 
which  he  gives  examples  of  the  influence  of  the  idola,  show  a 
nicety  of  observation  that  has  never  been  surpassed.  Every  part 
of  the  book  blazes  with  wit,  but  with  wit  which  is  employed  only 
to  illustrate  and  decorate  truth.  No  book  ever  made  so  great  a 
revolution  in  the  mode  of  thinking,  overthrew  so  many  prejudices, 
introduced  so  many  new  opinions." — T.  B.  MACAULAY:  the  reader 
should  peruse  and  reperuse  this  admirable  article. 

The  De  Augmentis  Scientiarum,  a  translation  of  the 
Advancement  of  Learning,  revised  and  enlarged,  (see  ante,) 
was  published  in  1623.  The  Biblical  Simile  of  King 
James  has  been  imputed  to  this,  as  well  as  the  preceding, 
work.  The  translation  was  made  by  Ben  Jonson,  George 
Herbert,  and  other  friends. 
Apothegms,  1625. 

«'•  The  best  jest-book  ever  given  to  the  public."— Edin.I?ev.,No.  132. 
Translation  of  Psalms  into  English  Verse,  1625. 
"  Aubrey  declared  Lord  Bacon  to  have  been  a  good  poet,  but  in 
this  work  his  piety  is  more  to  be  commended  than  his  poetry.     It 
was  dedicated  to  his  friend,  the  incomparable  George  Herbert." 

Among  his  principal  works  may  also  be  reckoned  the 
Sylva  Sylvarum  and  the  New  Atlantis.  A  list  will  be 
found  in  Watt's  Bibliotheca  Britannica.  Mr.  Montagu's 
complete  edition,  published  1825-34,  comprises  no  lesg  than 
17  volumes.  As  the  reader  will  frequently  find  in  notices 
of  Bacon's  philosophy  references  to  the.  Instauratio  Magna, 
or  Instauration  of  the  Sciences,  we  can  hardly  properly 
dismiss  our  subject  without  giving  a  brief  programme 
(abbreviated  from  Mr.  Hallam's  excellent  Introduction  to 
the  Lit.  of  Europe — a  book  which  should  be  in  every  li 
brary)  of  this  noble  project  of  Lord  Bacon  : 

"  The  Instauratio  Magna,  dedicated  to  James,  is  divided,  accord 
ing  to  the  magnificent  ground-plot  of  its  author,  into  six  parts. 

"  The  first  of  these  he  entitles  Partitiones  Scient  a  urn.  compre 
hending  a  general  summary  of  that  kind  of  knowledge  which 
mankind  already  possess;  yet  not  merely  treating  this  affirma 
tively,  but  taking  special  notice  of  whatever  should  seem  deficient 
or  imperfect;  sometimes  even  supplying,  by  illustration  or  pre- 


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cept,  these  vacant  spaces  of  science.  This  first  part  he  declares  to 
be  wanting  iu  the  Instauratio.  It  has  been  chiefly  supplied  by 
the  treatise  De  Augmentis  Scientiarum;  yet,  perhaps,  even  that 
does  not  fully  come  up  to  the  amplitude  of  his  design. 

"  The  second  part  of  the  Instauratio  was  to  be,  as  he  expresses 
it,  '  the  science  of  a  better  and  more  perfect  use  of  reason  in  the 
investigation  of  things,  and  of  the  true  aids  of  the  understanding,' 
the  new  logic  or  inductive  method  in  which  what  is  eminently 
styled  the  Baconian  philosophy  consists.  This,  as  far  as  he  completed 
it,  is  known  to  all  by  the  name  of  the  Novum  Organum.  But  he 
seems  to  have  designed  a  fuller  treatise  in  place  of  this ;  the  apho 
risms  into  which  he  has  digested  it  being  rather  the  heads  or 
theses  of  chapters,  at  least  in  many  places,  that  would  have  been 
farther  expanded.  It  is  entitled  by  himself  Partis  secundae  sum- 
ma,  digesta  in  aphorismos."  See  preceding  remarks. 

"  The  third  part  of  the  Instauratio  Magna  was  to  comprise  an  en 
tire  natural  history,  diligently  and  scrupulously  collected  from 
experience  of  every  kind ;  including  under  that  name  of  natural 
history  every  thing  wherein  the  art  of  man  has  been  employed  on 
natural  substances,  either  for  practice  or  experiment ;  no  method 
of  reasoning  being  sufficient  to  guide  us  to  truth  as  to  natural 
things,  if  they  are  not  themselves  clearly  and  exactly  apprehended. 
It  is  unnecessary  to  observe  that  very  little  of  this  immense  chart 
of  nature  could  be  traced  by  the  hand  of  Bacon,  or  in  his  time. 
His  Centuries  of  Natural  History,  containing  about  one  thousand 
observed  facts  and  experiments,  are  a  very  slender  contribution 
towards  such  a  description  of  universal  nature  as  he  contem- 

Cted :   these  form  no  part  of  the  Instauratio  Magna,  and  had 
n  compiled  before.  .  .  . 

"  The  fourth  part,  called  Scala  Intellects,  is  also  wanting,  with 
the  exception  of  a  very  few  introductory  pages.  '  By  these  tables,' 
says  Bacon,  '  we  mean  not  such  examples  as  we  subjoin  to  the 
several  rules  of  our  method,  but  types  and  models,  which  place 
before  our  eyes  the  entire  progress  of  the  mind  in  the  discovery 
of  truth,  selecting  various  and  remarkable  instances.'  .  .  . 

"  In  the  fifth  part  of  the  Instauratio  Magna,  Bacon  had  designed 
to  give  a  specimen  of  the  new  philosophy  which  he  hoped  to  raise 
after  a  due  use  of  his  natural  history  and  inductive  method,  by 
way  of  anticipation  or  sample  of  the  whole.  He  calls  it  Prodromi, 
sive  Anticipationes  Philosophise  Secundae.  And  some  fragments 
of  this  part  are  published  by  the  names  Cogitata  et  Visa,  Cogita- 
tiones  de  Natura  Rerum,  Filum  Labyrinthi,  and  a  few  more,  being 
as  much,  in  all  probability,  as  he  had  reduced  to  writing.  In  his 
own  metaphor,  it  was  to  be  like  the  payment  of  interest  till  the 
principal  could  be  raised;  tanquam  foenus  reddatur,  donee  sors 
haberi  possit. 

"  For  he  despaired  of  ever  completing  the  work  by  a  sixth  and 
last  portion,  which  was  to  display  a  perfect  system  of  philosophy, 
deduced  and  confirmed  by  a  legitimate,  sober,  and  exact  inquiry, 
according  to  the  method  which  he  had  invented  and  laid  down. 

"  '  To  perfect  this  last  part  is  above  our  powers,  and  beyond  our 
hopes.  We  may,  as  we  trust,  make  no  despicable  beginnings ;  the 
destinies  of  the  human  race  must  complete  it ;  in  such  a  manner, 
perhaps,  as  men  looking  only  at  the  present  would  not  readily 
conceive.  For  upon  this  will  depend  not  only  a  speculative  good, 
but  all  the  fortunes  of  mankind,  and  all  their  power.'  And  with 
an  eloquent  prayer  that  his  exertions  may  be  rendered  effectual  to 
the  attainment  of  truth  and  happiness,  this  introductory  chapter 
of  the  Instauratio,  which  announces  the  distribution  of  its  por 
tions,  concludes.  Such  was  the  temple,  of  which  Bacon  saw  in 
vision  before  him  the  stately  front  and  decorated  pediments,  in  all 
their  breadth  of  light  and  harmony  of  proportion,  while  long 
vistas  of  receding  columns  and  glimpses  of  internal  splendour  re 
vealed  a  glory  that  it  was  not  permitted  him  to  comprehend.  In 
the  treatise  De  Augmentis  Scientiarum,  and  in  the  Novum  Orga 
num,  we  have  less,  no  doubt,  than  Lord  Bacon,  under  different 
conditions  of  life,  might  have  achieved ;  he  might  have  been  more 
emphatically  the  high-priest  of  nature,  if  he  had  not  been  the 
Chancellor  of  James  I. ;  but  no  one  man  could  have  filled  up  the 
vast  outline  which  he  alone,  in  that  stage  of  the  world,  could  have 
so  boldly  sketched." 

It  is  proper  to  refer  to  Bacon's  celebrated  division  of 
Human  Learning,  into  the  three  branches  of — 1.  History; 
2.  Poetry;  and  3.  Philosophy;  (vide  De  Augmentis  Sci 
entiarum,  lib.  i.,)  connected  with — 1.  Memory ;  2.  Ima 
gination  ;  and  3.  Reason.  Bacon's  Intellectual  Chart  has 
been  corrected  and  improved  by  his  ingenious  disciple, 
D'Alembert.  The  subject  is  a  tempting  one  for  enlarge 
ment,  but  we  have  already  far  exceeded  our  intended 
limits,  and  must  refer  our  reader  for  information  on  this 
and  other  topics  connected  with  the  Baconian  philosophy 
to  the  1st  and  3d  Prel.  Diss.  to  the  Encyc.  Brit.  The 
names  of  Stewart  and  Playfair  afford  a  sufficient  guaran 
tee  for  instruction  and  entertainment. 

Having  thus  reviewed  at  some  length  the  principal 
works  of  Lord  Bacon,  perhaps  a  fitting  conclusion  to  our 
sketch  will  be  a  citation  of  some  opinions,  in  addition  to 
those  we  have  presented,  respecting  an  author  who  has 
been  not  extravagantly  lauded  as  the  "Glory  and  orna 
ment  of  his  age  and  nation  :" 

"  Though  there  was  bred  in  Mr.  Bacon  so  early  a  dislike  of  the 
Physiology  of  Aristotle,  yet  he  did  not  despise  him  with  that 
pride  and  haughtiness  with  which  youth  is  wont  to  be  puffed  up. 
He  had  a  just  esteem  of  that  great  master  of  learning,  greater 
than  that  which  Aristotle  expressed  himself  towards  the  philoso 
phers  that  went  before  him ;  for  he  endeavoured  (some  say)  to  stifle 
all  their  labours,  designing  to  himself  an  universal  monarchy 
over  opinions,  as  his  patron  Alexander  did  over  men.  Our  hero 
owned  what  was  excellent  in  him,  but  in  his  inquiries  into  nature 
he  proceeded  not  upon  his  principles.  He  began  the  work  anew, 
and  laid  the  foundation  of  philosophic  theory  in  numerous  expe 
riments  " — ARCHBISHOP  TENISON  :  Baconia. 
92 


George  Sandys,  the  poet  and  traveller,  in  his  learned 
notes  on  his  version  of  Ovid's  Metamorphoses,  acknow 
ledges  himself  to  be  much  beholden  to  the  De  Sapientia 
Veterum,  and  styles  the  writer  the  "  crown  of  all  modern 
authors." 

"  This  plan  as  laid  down  by  him  looks  liker  an  universal  art  than 
a  distinct  logic,  and  the  design  is  too  great,  and  the  induction  too 
large  to  be  made  by  one  man,  or  any  society  of  men  in  one  age,  if  at 
all  practicable.  For  whatever  opinion  he  might  have  of  the  con- 
clusiveness  of  this  way,  one  cross  circumstance  in  an  experiment 
would  as  easily  overthrow  his  induction,  as  an  ambiguous  word 
would  disorder  a  syllogism;  and  a  man  needs  only  make  a  trial  in 
any  part  of  natural  history,  as  left  us  by  my  Lord  Bacon,  to  see  how 
conclusive  his  induction  was  like  to  have  been.  To  say  nothing, 
that  notwithstanding  his  blaming  the  common  logics,  as  being  too 
much  spent  in  words,  himself  runs  into  the  fault  he  condemns :  for 
what  else  can  we  make  of  his  Idola  Tribus,  Idola  Specus,  Fori, 
Theatri;  or  of  his  instantise,  solitarize,  migrautis,  ostensivas,  clan 
destinae,  constitutive,  Ac.,  but  fine  words  put  to  express  very 
common  and  ordinary  things?" — BAKER. 

Mr.  T.  B.  Macaulay  has  a  criticism  upon  the  Baconian 
terminology  somewhat  of  the  same  character  as  Mr.  Baker's, 
which  he  thus  humorously  phrases  : 

"We  are  not  inclined  to  ascribe  much  practical  value  to  the 
analysis  of  the  inductive  method  which  Bacon  has  given  in  the 
second  book  of  the  Novum  Organum.  It  is  indeed  an  elaborate 
and  correct  analysis.  But  it  is  an  analysis  of  that  which  we  are 
all  doing  from  morning  to  night,  and  which  we  continue  to  do  even 
in  our  dreams.  A  plain  man  finds  his  stomach  out  of  order.  He 
never  heard  Lord  Bacon's  name.  [He  must,  indeed,  be  a  "  plain 
man,"  like  Jacob,  "  dwelling  in  tents, ''  never  to  have  heard  of  Lord 
Bacon.]  But  he  proceeds  in  the  strictest  conformity  with  the  rules 
laid  down  in  the  second  book  of  the  Novum  Organum,  and  satis 
fies  himself  that  minced  pies  have  done  the  mischief.  '  I  ate  minced 
pies  on  Monday  and  Wednesday,  and  I  was  kept  awake  by  indi 
gestion  all  night.'  This  is  the  comparentia  ad  intdlectum  instan- 
tiurum  convenientem.  '  I  did  not  eat  any  on  Tuesday  and  Friday, 
and  I  was  quite  well.'  This  is  the  comparentia  instantiarum  in 
proximo  quce  natura  data  privantur.  '  I  ate  very  sparingly  of  them 
on  Sunday,  and  was  very  slightly  indisposed  in  the  evening.  But 
on  Christmas-day  I  almost  dined  on  them,  and  was  so  ill  that  I  was 
in  some  danger.'  This  is  the  cmnparvntia  instantiarum  Sf.cundum 
magis  tJt  manus.  '  It  cannot  have  been  the  brandy  which  I  took 
with  them ;  for  I  have  drunk  brandy  daily  for  years  without  being 
the  worse  for  it.'  This  is  the  rejectio  natuarum.  Our  invalid  then 
proceeds  to  what  is  termed  by  Bacon  the  Vindemiatis.  and  pro 
nounces  that  minced  pies  do  not  agree  with  him.  We  might  go 
on  to  what  are  called  by  Bacon  prcprogativce  instantiarum.  For 
example:  '  It  must  be  something  peculiar  to  minced  pies,  for  I  can 
eat  any  other  pastry  without  the  least  bad  effect.'  This  is  the  in- 
stantia  solitaria..  We  might  easily  proceed,  but  we  have  already 
sufficiently  explained  our  meaning." 

Now  this  is  all  very  amusing,  but  whether  it  have  any 
other  merit,  we  leave  it  to  the  reader  to  decide.  We  contend 
that  this  devotee  to  minced  pies  argues  more  like  a  philoso 
pher  who  had  profited  by  the  inductive  mode,  (although 
perhaps  ignorant  of  its  terminology,)  than  "  plain  men  who 
have  never  heard  of  Lord  Bacon"  are  apt  to  reason.  Fur 
ther,  it  is  not  indispensable  to  a  "plain  man's"  profiting  by 
the  Baconian  system,  that  he  should  have  heard  of  Lord 
Bacon.  It  is  with  philosophy  as  with  the  light  of  the  sun — 
thousands  enjoy  its  advantages  where  one  understands  its 
nature.  The  question  is  whether  the  reveller  in  minced 
pies  in  the  19th  century,  be  not  more  favourably  situated 
for  the  correction  of  undue  indulgence,  than  was  his  brother 
epicure  of  the  16th  century.  Or  whether  a  man  who  was 
put  to  bed  by  minced  pies  under  the  Organon  of  Aristotle, 
would  not  suffer  a  daily  repetition  of  the  offence  and  pen 
alty,  instead  of  reasoning  and  abjuring,  as  does  Mr.  Ma 
caulay 's  invalid,  under  the  brighter  dispensation  of  the 
Organon  of  Bacon.  Besides,  the  whole  business  of  life  is 
not  to  luxuriate  in  minced  pies :  the  Mart,  the  Forum,  the 
Altar,  and  the  Camp,  all  have  their  duties  and  their  codes, 
which,  if  based  upon  reason,  may  be  perfected  by  induc 
tion  ;  and  unless  Mr.  Macaulay  indited  his  able  essay  about 
Christmas-time,  for  the  January  number  of  the  Edinburgh, 
we  cannot  conceive  how  he  happened  to  select  so  odd  an 
illustration  of  the  inetantiarum  convenientem.  But  to  be 
serious  :  we  happen  to  remember  a  passage  of  Mr.  Hallam's, 
bearing  upon  such  objections  as  those  advanced  by  Mr. 
Baker  and  Mr.  Macaulay ;  whether  meant  for  these  gen 
tlemen  or  not,  we  have  no  means  of  knowing,  but  his  reflec 
tions  could  not  be  more  to  the  purpose: 

"  Those  who  object  to  the  importance  of  Lord  Bacon's  precepts 
in  philosophy,  that  mankind  have  practised  many  of  them  imme- 
morially,  are  rather  confirming  their  utility,  than  taking  off  much 
from  their  originality  to  any  fair  sense  of  that  term.  Every  logical 
method  is  built  on  the  common  faculties  of  human  nature,  which 
have  been  exercised  since  the  Creation  in  discerning,  better  or  worse, 
truth  from  falsehood,  and  inferring  the  unknown  from  the  known. 
That  men  might  have  done  this  more  correctly,  is  manifest  from 
the  quantity  of  error  into  which,  from  want  of  reasoning  well  on 
what  came  before  them,  they  have  habitually  fallen.  In  experi 
mental  philosophy,  to  which  the  more  special  rules  of  Lord  Bacon 
are  generally  referred,  there  was  a  notorious  want  of  that  very- 
process  of  reasoning  which  he  has  supplied."— Introduction  to  Lit. 
Europe,  vol.  ii. 


BAG 


BAG 


Bushel,  in  his  Abridgment  of  Bacon's  Philosophical 
Theory  in  Mineral  Prosecutions,  gives  a  pathetic  account 
of  the  sad  fall  of  the  Lord  Chancellor : 

"  Shortly  after  the  king  dissolved  the  Parliament,  but  never  re 
stored  that  matchless  lord  to  his  place,  which  made  him  then  to 
•wish  the  many  years  he  had  spent  in  state  policy  and  law  study 
had  been  solely  devoted  to  true  philosophy :  for  (said  he)  the  one, 
at  the  best,  doth  but  comprehend  man's  frailty  in  its  greatest 
splendour;  but  the  other  the  mysterious  knowledge  of  all  things 
created  in  the  six  days'  work." 

We  need  no  voucher  for  the  authenticity  of  this  reflec 
tion  !  It  is  Lord  Bacon's  !  The  image  and  the  superscrip 
tion  are  there !  We  are  told  by  Rushworth  that 

"  He  treasured  up  nothing  for  himself  or  family,  but  was  over 
indulgent  to  his  servants,  and  connived  at  their  takings,  and  their 
ways  betrayed  him  to  that  error :  they  were  profuse  and  expensive, 
and  had  at  their  command  whatever  he  was  master  of." 

"  Who  can  forbear  to  observe  and  lament  the  weakness  and  in 
firmity  of  human  nature?  To  see  a  man  so  far  exalted  above  the 
common  level  of  his  fellow-creatures,  to  sink  so  far  below  it ;  to  see 
a  man  who,  like  Seneca,  gave  admirable  rules  for  the  conduct  of 
life,  and  condemning  the  avaricious  pursuit  after  riches,  and,  what 
is  unlike  Seneca,  condemning  them  in  his  own  person,  and  yet  be 
denied  thereby." — Stepfiens's  Introduction  to  Bacon's  Letters. 

"  The  Chancellor  being  convicted  of  bribery,  pretends,  as  if  being 
weary  of  honour,  he  would  resign  his  place,  being  much  loaded 
with  calumnies." — Oamdcn's  Annuls  of  King  James. 

' '  His  great  spirit  was  brought  low,  and  this  humiliation  might 
have  raised  him  again,  if  his  offences  had  not  been  so  weighty  as 
to  keep  him  down.  ...  He  was  a  fit  jewel  to  have  beautified  and 
adorned  a  flourishing  kingdom,  if  his  flaws  had  not  disgraced  the 
lustre  that  should  have  set  him  off."—  Wilson's  Life  and  Reign  of 
King  James. 

'•  The  Parliament  was  prorogued  at  Easter,  from  the  27th  of 
March  to  the  18th  of  April,  the  marquis  having  his  eye  therein 
upon  the  Lord  Chancellor,  to  try  if  time  could  mitigate  the  dis 
pleasure,  which  in  both  Houses  was  strong  against  him." — HACKET  : 
Life  of  Archbishop  Williams. 

An  eminent  authority  remarks  that 

"  The  Earl  of  Salisbury  was  an  excellent  speaker,  but  no  good 
penman;  Lord  Henry  Howard  was  an  excellent  penman,  but  no 
good  speaker;  Sir  Francis  Bacon  alike  eminent  for  both." — SIR 
WALTER  RALEIGH. 

Lord  Bacon  committed  his  Orations  and  Epistles  to  the 
care  of  Archbishop  Williams,  who  addressed  him  as  follows  : 

"  Your  Lordship  doth  most  worthily,  therefore,  in  preserving 
these  two  pieces  among  the  rest  of  those  matchless  monuments 
you  shall  leave  behind  you ;  considering  that  as  one  age  hath  not 
bred  your  experience,  so  is  it  not  fit  it  should  be  confined  to  one 
a;jre.  and  not  imparted  to  the  times  to  come ;  for  my  part  therein, 
I  do  embrace  the  honour  with  all  thankfulness,  and  the  trust  im 
posed  upon  me  with  all  religion  andv  devotion." 

"  Your  Lordship  hath  done  a  great  and  everlasting  benefit  to  all 
the  children  of  Nature,  and  to  Nature  herself  in  her  utmost  ex 
tent  of  latitude,  who  never  before  had  so  noble  nor  so  true  an  in 
terpreter,  or  (as  I  am  readier  to  style  your  Lordship)  never  so  in 
ward  a  Secretary  of  her  cabinet." — Letter  from  Sir  Henry  Wotton, 
on  receiving  a  copy  of  the  Nbvum,  Organum. 

The  University  of  Oxford,  shortly  after  his  fall,  acknow 
ledged,  in  the  most  laudatory  terms,  the  gift  of  a  copy  of 
the  De  Augmentis  Scientiarum  : 

"  Right  honourable,  and  what  in  nobility  is  almost  a  miracle, 
most  learned  Viscount!  Your  honour  could  have  given  nothing 
more  agreeable,  and  the  University  could  have  received  nothing 

more  acceptable  than  the  Sciences She  readily  acknowledged, 

that  though  the  Muses  are  born  in  Oxford,  they  grow  elsewhere : 
grown  they  are,  and  under  your  pen,  who,  like  some  mighty  Her 
cules  in  learning,  have  by  your  own  hand,  further  advanced  those 
pillars  in  the  learned  world,  which  by  the  rest  of  that  world  were 
supposed  immovable." 

Mr.  Francis  Osborn  declares  that  Bacon  was 

"  The  most  universal  genius  he  had  ever  seen,  or  was  ever  like 
to  see,  had  he  lived  ever  so  long.  He  was  so  excellent,  so  agree 
able  a  speaker,  that  all  who  heard  him  were  uneasy  if  he  was  in 
terrupted,  and  sorry  when  he  concluded.  .  .  .  Now  this  general 
knowledge  he  had  in  all  things  husbanded  by  his  wit,  and  digni 
fied  by  so  majestical  a  carriage,  he  was  known  to  own,  struck  such 
an  awful  reverence  in  those  he  questioned,  that  they  durst  not 
conceal  the  most  intrinsic  part  of  their  mysteries  from  him,  for 
fear  of  appearing  ignorant  or  saucy :  all  which  rendered  him  no 
less  necessary  than  admirable  at  the  Council-table,  where  in  refer 
ence  to  impositions,  monopolies,  &c.,  where  the  meanest  manufac 
tures  were  a  usual  argument;  and,  as  I  have  heard,  did  in  this 
baffle  the  Earl  of  Middlesex,  that  was  born  and  bred  a  Citizen  • 
yet  without  any  great,  (if  at  all,)  interrupting  his  other  studies^ 
as  is  not  hard  to  be  imagined  of  a  quick  apprehension,  in  which 
he  was  admirable."— Miscell.  Works  of  Francis  Osborn,  1722. 

"  Pity  it  was  he  was  not  entertained  with  some  liberal  salary, 
abstracted  from  all  affairs  both  of  court  and  judicature,  and  fur 
nished  with  sufficiency  both  of  means  and  helps  for  the  going  on 
of  his  design ;  which,  had  it  been,  he  might  have  given  us  such  a 
body  of  Natural  Philosophy,  and  made  it  so  subservient  to  the 
public  good,  that  neither  Aristotle  nor  Theophrastus  amongst  the 
Ancients,  nor  Paracelsus,  or  the  rest  of  our  latest  chymists,  would 
have  been  considerable."— DR.  PETER  HEYLIN  :  Life  ofArchb.  Laud. 

Cowley,  in  his  Pindaric  on  the  Royal  Society,  lauds  the 
"  mighty  discoveries  of  the  great  Lord  Bacon." 

"  Methinks,"  says  Bishop  Sprat  in  his  History  of  the  Royal  So 
ciety,  "  m  this  one  man  I  do  at  once  find  enough  occasion  to  ad 
mire  the  strength  of  human  wit,  and  to  bewail  the  weakness  of  a 
mortal  condition;  for  is  it  not  wonderful,  that  he  who  had  run 
through  all  the  degrees  of  that  profession  which  usually  takes  up 


men's  whole  time,  who  had  studied,  and  practised,  and  governed 
the  Common  Law,  who  had  always  lived  in  the  crowd,  and  borne 
the  greatest  burden  of  civil  business,  should  yet  find  leisure 
enough  for  these  retired  studies,  to  excel  all  those  men  who  sepa 
rate  themselves  for  this  very  purpose  ?  He  was  a  man  of  strong, 
clear,  powerful  imagination;  his  genius  was  searching  and  in 
vincible,  and  of  this  I  need  give  no  other  proof  than  his  style  it 
self;  which,  as,  for  the  most  part,  it  describes  men's  minds  as  well 
as  pictures  do  their  bodies,  so  it  did  his  above  all  men  living ;  the 
course  of  it  vigorous  and  majestic ;  the  wit,  bold  and  familiar ;  the 
comparisons,  fetched  out  of  the  way,  and  yet  the  most  easy ;  in 
all,  expressing  a  soul  equally  skilled  in  men  and  nature." 

"  The  incomparable  Mr.  Boyle  speaks  often  of  our  author  in  his 
works,  and  always  with  honour ;  he  styles  him  sometimes  an  il 
lustrious,  at  others,  an  admirable  and  excellent,  Philosopher,  and, 
which  is  a  higher  commendation  than  any  phrase  could  have  ex 
pressed,  he  often  imitates  him,  and  professes  a  desire  of  treading 
in  his  paths.  Dr.  Power,  one  of  the  most  active  and  judicious 
among  the  first  members  of  the  Royal  Society,  in  a  learned  treatise 
of  his,  places  at  the  head  of  his  chapters  the  Latin  text  from  the 
Lord  Verulam's  works,  to  shew  that  all  the  honour  he  had  claimed 
was  to  have  prosecuted  his  views." 

"  No  trivial  passages,  [referring  to  the  Life  of  Henry  VII.,]  such 
as  are  below  the  notice  of  a  statesman,  are  mixed  with  his  sage 
remarks ;  nor  is  any  thing  of  weight  or  moment  slubbered  over 
with  that  careless  haste  and  indifferency  which  is  too  common  in 
other  writers.  No  allowances  are  given  to  the  author's  own  con 
jecture  or  invention,  where  a  little  pains  and  consideration  will 
serve  to  set  the  matter  in  its  proper  and  true  light.  No  imperti 
nent  digressions,  nor  fanciful  comments  distract  his  readers  ;  but 
the  whole  is  written  in  such  a  grave  and  uniform  style,  as  be 
comes  both  the  subject  and  the  artificer."— BISHOP  NICOLSON: 
English  Historical  Library. 

On  the  other  hand,  Catherine  Macaulay  objects  to  the 
portraiture  of  Henry  VII.,  as  we  have  seen,  and  prefaces 
her  dissent  with  some  very  severe  strictures  on  the  author: 

"Thus  ignominious  was  the  fall  of  the  famous  Bacon!  despica 
ble  in  all  the  active  parts  of  life,  and  only  glorious  in  the  con 
templative.  Him  the  rays  of  knowledge  served  but  to  embellish, 
not  enlighten ;  and  philosophy  itself  was  degraded  by  a  conjunc 
tion  with  his  mean  soul :  we  are  told  that  he  often  lamented  that 
ambition  and  vain  glory  had  diverted  him  from  spending  his 
whole  time  in  the  manner  worthy  of  his  extensive  genius ;  but 
there  is  too  much  reason  to  believe,  from  his  conduct,  that  these 
sentiments  arose  from  the  weight  of  his  mortifications,  and  not 
from  the  conviction  of  his  judgment.  He  preferred  mean  applica 
tions  to  James,  and  continued  to  flatter  him  so  far,  as  to  paint  his 
grandfather,  Henry  the  Seventh,  in  an  amiable  light." — History 
of  England,  vol.  i. 

Rushworth  remarks,  that 

"  His  decrees  were  generally  made  with  so  much  equity,  that, 
though  gifts  rendered  him  suspected  for  injustice,  yet  never  any 
decree  made  by  him  was  reversed  as  unjust." — Collections,  vol.  i. 

The  Chancellor  made  an  earnest  defence,  both  when  first 
accused  and  after  sentence.  When  first  suspected,  he  con 
fidently  declares  his  innocence  in  a  letter  to  Buckingham : 

"  Your  Lordship  spoke  of  Purgatory.  I  am  now  in  it.  But  my 
mind  is  in  a  calm ;  for  my  fortune  is  my  felicity.  I  know  I  have 
clean  hands  and  a  clean  heart;  and,  I  hope,  a  clean  house  for 
friends  or  servants.  But  Job  himself,  or  whosoever  was  the  just- 
est  Judge,  by  such  hunting  for  matters  against  him,  as  hath  been 
used  against  me,  may  for  a  time  seem  foul,  especially  in  a  time 
when  greatness  is  the  mark,  and  accusation  is  the  game." 

This  indignant  defence  compares  strangely  with  his 
after  confession,  and  with  his  letter  to  the  Lords  before 
his  formal  and  detailed  acknowledgment.  He  remarks, 
that  understanding  some  justification  was  expected  from 
him,  he  had 

"Chosen  one  only  justification  instead  of  all  others;  for  after 
the  clear  submission  and  confession  which  he  should  then  make 
»to  their  Lordships,  he  hoped  he  might  say,  and  justify  with  Job 
in  these  words,  I  have  not  hid  my  sin  as  did  Adam,  nor  con 
cealed  my  fault  in  my  bosom." 

Not  only  so,  but  when  he  resigned  the  seals,  he  accom 
panied  the  act  with  the  pathetic  exclamation  :  "  Rex  dedit, 
cuTpa  abstulit !"  that  is,  "  The  King  gave,  and  my  own 
faults  have  taken  away  I" 

Yet  Mr.  Montagu,  with  charming  naivett,  asks  us  to  be 
lieve  that  Bacon  was  innocent ;  that  he  could  have  proved 
his  entire  innocence  ;  but  was  generously  willing  to  sacri 
fice  himself  at  the  command  of  the  King  and  the  favourite. 
Like  the  Roman  of  old,  he  determined  to  close  the  "  great 
gulf  fixed"  between  the  throne  and  the  Parliament,  by 
self-immolation.  Mr.  Montagu  is  grave ;  therefore,  we  pre 
sume,  serious.  We  have  seen  that  he  defends  Bacon's 
prosecution  of  Essex  by  that  rule  of  legal  morality  which 
makes  the  advocate  abjure  every  consideration  which  may 
interfere  with  his  official  character.  He  now  makes  Bacon 
utter  the  grossest  falsehoods,  and  expose  himself  to  the 
merited  condemnation  of  the  world  for  judicial  corrup 
tion,  in  order  to  gratify  his  King  and  please  the  King's 
favourite.  First,  he  sacrifices  his  friend  to  his  court  brief, 
and  then  immolates  himself  to  his  King's  whim.  Verily, 
the  golden  rule  itself  is  but  selfishness  compared  to  such 
abnegation  !  Damon  and  Pythias  will  fade  in  story,  and 
the  Suttee  pyre  hardly  arrest  the  attention  of  the  pass 
ing  stranger ! 

Addison,  after  stating  that  he  would  "show  that  all  the 


BAG 


BAG 


laymen  who  have  exerted  a  more  than  ordinary  genius  in  } 
their  writings,  and  were  the  glory  of  their  times,  were 
men  whose  hopes  were  filled  with  immortality,  and  the 
prospect  of  future  rewards,  and  men  who  lived  in  a  duti 
ful  submission  to  all  the  doctrines  of  revealed  religion," — 
goes  on  to  remark  : 

"  I  shall  in  this  paper  only  instance  Sir  Francis  Bacon,  a  man 
who,  for  greatness  of  genius,  and  compass  of  knowledge,  did  ho 
nour  to  his  age  and  country ;  I  could  almost  say  to  human  nature 
itself.  He  possessed  at  once  all  those  extraordinary  talents  which 
were  divided  amongst  the  greatest  authors  of  antiquity.  He  had 
the  sound,  distinct,  comprehensive  knowledge  of  Aristotle,  with 
all  the  beautiful  lights,  graces,  and  embellishments  of  Cicero. 
One  does  not  know  which  to  admire  most  in  his  writings,  the 
strength  of  reason,  force  of  style,  or  brightness  of  imagination."— 
TaOer,  No.  267. 

Sheffield,  Duke  of  Buckinghamshire,  asserts  that 
"  All  his  works  are,  for  expression,  as  well  as  thought,  the  glory 
of  our  nation  and  of  all  latter  ages." 

Conde  de  Gondamar  wrote  him  a  letter  on  his  fall,  in 
which  he  assures  him  of  the  King  of  Spain's  interposition, 
if  he  judged  it  any  way  convenient  for  the  restoring  of  his 
condition. — Stephens'*  Collection. 

Lord  Cavendish,  afterwards  Earl  of  Devonshire,  received 
a  letter  from  Italy,  in  which  it  was  stated  that 

"  Lord  Bacon  was  more  and  more  known,  and  his  books  more 
and  more  delighted  in;  so  that  those  men  who  had  more  than 
ordinary  knowledge  in  human  affairs,  esteemed  him  one  of  the 
most  capable  spirits  of  that  age." 
M.  Voiture  writes : 

"  I  find  every  thing  perfectly  fine  that  you  have  sent  me  of  Ba 
con,  but  do  you  not  think  that  Horace,  who  said,  '  Visum  Britan- 
nos  hospitibus  feros,'  would  be  much  more  astonished  to  hear  a 
barbarian  talk  in  this  manner,  and  to  see  that  there  is  not  perhaps 
at  this  day  a  Roman  who  speaks  so  good  Latin  as  this  English 
man  ?  And  would  not  Juvenal  say,  with  greater  reason  than  ever, 
'  Nunc  totus  Grajas  nostrasqne  habet  orbis  Athenas  ?' " 

This  compliment  of  M.  Voiture  will  perhaps  recall  to 
some  of  our  readers  the  epigram  with  which  the  learned 
Grotius  honoured  John  Barclay's  classical  erudition :   it 
will  be  found  under  his  portrait  prefixed  to  the  "  Argenis :" 
" « Gente  Caledonius,  Gallus  natalibus.  hie  est 
Rornam  Romano  qui  docet  ore  loqni.' 
« A  Scot  by  blood— and  French  by  birth— this  man 
At  Rome  speaks  Latin  as  no  Roman  can.' " 
Grotius  speaks  most  favourably  also  of  Bacon's  Life  of 
Henry  VIL,  and  the  learned  Conringius  fully  agrees  with 
this  opinion. 

Baron  Puffendorf  commends  him  in  the  most  exalted 
terms: 

"  The  late  most  wise  Chancellor  of  England  was  the  chief  writer 
of  our  age,  and  carried  as  it  were  the  standard  that  we  might  press 
forward,  and  make  greater  discoveries  in  Philosophic  matters,  than 
any  of  which  hitherto  our  schools  had  rung.  So  that  if  in  our 
time  any  great  improvements  have  been  made  in  Philosophy, 
there  has  been  not  a  little  owing  to  that  great  man." — Specimen 
Controvert.,  cap.  L 

Puffendorf  s  representation  of  Bacon  as  a  "standard- 
bearer,"  instantly  reminds  us  of  the  philosopher's  own  mo 
dest  and  beautiful  comparison.  In  a  letter  to  the  Earl  of 
Salisbury,  he  remarks  that  in  his  book  he  was  "  contented 
to  awake  better  spirits,  being  himself  like  a  bell-ringer, 
who  is  first  up  to  call  others  to  church."  To  carry  on  the 
ecclesiastical  simile,  as  Aristotle  has  been  called  the  Pope 
of  Philosophy  until  "  a  greater  arose  in  his  place,"  we  may 
compare  Bacon,  not  to  the  bell-ringer  in  the  steeple,  but  to 
the  Luther  in  the  pulpit,  who  questioned  his  infallibility, 
and  struck  a  fatal  blow  at  the  supremacy  of  that  school 
which  "  made  nothing  perfect,"  though  the  bringing  in  of 
a  better  system  did. 

Francis  Buddeus  styles  Bacon  a 

"  New  light  in  Philosophy,  one  who  first  united  speculation  and 
practice,  and  opened  a  passage  to  those  mighty  discoveries  that  have 
been  made  since  his  time." — Compendium  Histories  PhuosophiccR. 
Voltaire  calls  him 

"  The  father  of  experimental  philosophy,  owning  that  what  sur 
prised  him  most  was  to  find  the  Doctrine  of  Attraction,  which 
is  looked  upon  to  be  the  foundation  of  another  philosophy,  ex 
pressly  set  down  in  Lord  Bacon's,  in  words  not  to  be  controverted 
or  mistaken." 

"  Bacon  was  generous,  easy,  good-natured,  and  naturally  just. 
But  he  had  the  misfortune  to  be  beset  by  domestic  harpies,  who, 
in  a  manner,  farmed  out  his  office ;  and  he  had  given  way  to  into 
lerable  impositions  upon  the  subject  among  the  masters  in  Chan 
cery."— GCTHKIE. 
So  Addison : 

"  His  principal  fault  seems  to  have  been  the  excess  of  that  vir 
tue  which  covers  a  multitude  of  faults.  This  betrayed  him  to  so 
great  an  indulgence  towards  his  servants,  who  made  a  corrupt  use 
of  it,  that  it  stripped  him  of  all  those  riches  and  honours  which  a 
long  series  of  merits  had  heaped  upon  him." — Taller,  No.  267. 

This  is  indeed  a  specimen  of  suaviter  in  modo.     But 

Wilson,  "  who  is  acknowledged  not  to  have  been  prejudiced 

against  the  chancellor,"  speaks  in  a  very  different  strain  : 

"  He  was  the  true  emblem  of  human  frailty,  being  more  than 

a  man  in  some  things,  and  less  than  a  woman  in  others.    His 

crimes  were  bribery  and  extortion ;  and  these  he  had  often  con- 

M 


demned  others  for  as  a  judge,  which  now  he  came  to  suffer  for  as  a 
delinquent.  And  they  were  proved  and  aggravated  against  him 
with  so  many  circumstances,  that  they  Ml  very  foully  upon  him, 
both  in  relation  to  his  reception  of  them,  and  his  expending  of 
them." — Kennefs  History  of  England. 

It  may  be  pertinent  to  remark  here  that  Buckingham's 
displeasure  at  the  manner  in  which  Williams  received  his 
suggestions  relative  to  depending  cases  in  the  Court  of 
Chancery,  gives  reason  to  fear  that  the  preceding  Lord 
Keeper  was  more  compliant. — Bacon's  Letters,  by  Birch; 
Racket's  Life  of  Archbp.  Williams. 

Hume  remarks  that 

"  Bacon  was  a  man  universally  admired  for  the  greatness  of  his 
genius,  and  beloved  for  the  courteousness  and  humanity  of  his 
behaviour.  He  was  the  great  ornament  of  his  age  and  nation ; 
and  nought  was  wanting  to  render  him  the  ornament  of  human 
nature  itself,  but  that  strength  of  mind  which  might  check  his  in 
temperate  desire  of  preferment,  that  could  add  nothing  to  his  dig 
nity,  and  restrain  his  profuse  inclination  to  expense,  that  could  be 
requisite  neither  for  his  honour  nor  entertainment." — History  of 
Great  Britain. 

"  The  great  glory  of  literature  in  this  Island,  during  the  reign 
of  James,  was  my  Lord  Bacon.  Most  of  his  performances  were 
composed  in  Latin ;  though  he  possessed  neither  the  elegance  of 
that,  nor  of  his  native  tongue.  If  we  consider  the  variety  of 
talents  displayed  by  this  man — as  a  public  speaker,  a  man  of 
business,  a  wit,  a  courtier,  a  companion,  an  author,  a  philosopher — 
he  is  justly  the  object  of  great  admiration.  If  we  consider  him 
merely  as  an  author  and  philosopher,  the  light  in  which  we  view 
him  at  -present,  though  very  estimable,  he  was  yet  inferior  to  his 
contemporary,  Galileo,  perhaps  even  to  Kepler.  Bacon  pointed 
out  at  a  distance  the  road  to  true  philosophy :  Galileo  both  pointed 
it  out  to  others,  and  made  himself  considerable  advances  in  it." — 
Ibid. 

Upon  which  we  have  in  the  British  Biography : 

"Galileo  was  undoubtedly  an  illustrious  man.  and  Kepler  an 
admirable  astronomer :  but  though  we  admit  their  superiority  in 
astronomy,  mechanics,  and  some  particular  branches  of  physical 
knowledge,  it  does  by  no  means  follow  that  either  of  them  were 
greater  philosophers  than  Bacon.  The  praise  of  Bacon  is  founded 
not  upon  his  skill  in  this  or  that  particular  branch  of  knowledge, 
but  on  his  great  and  comprehensive  understanding,  which  took 
in  almost  the  whole  extent  of  universal  science.  And  he  was  so 
little  indebted  to  the  partiality  of  his  countrymen,  that  his  writ 
ings  appear,  for  some  time  at  least,  to  have  been  more  esteemed 
and  admired  in  foreign  countries  than  in  England." 

His  eminent  French  disciple,  D'Alembert,  by  whose 
means  his  writings  were  more  widely  introduced  to  the 
French  than  they  had  been  previously,  cannot  sufficiently 
commend  our  author : 

"  On  considering  attentively  the  sound,  intelligent,  and  exten 
sive  views  of  this  great  man,  the  multiplicity  of  objects  his  pierc 
ing  wit  had  comprehended  within  its  sphere,  the  elevation  of  his 
style,  that  everywhere  makes  the  boldest  images  to  coalesce  with 
the  most  vigorous  precision,  we  should  be  tempted  to  esteem  him 
as  the  greatest,  the  most  universal,  and  the  most  eloquent  of  phi 
losophers.  His  works  are  justly  valued,  perhaps  more  valued 
than  known,  and,  therefore,  more  deserving  of  our  study  than 
eulogium." — An.  Reg.,  vol.  xvi. ;  see  th&  whole  of  this  article. 

We  consider  Mr.  Hume  to  be  sufficiently  punished.  He 
was  the  last  man  to  weigh  Bacon,  who  has  displayed  so 
little  of  the  spirit  of  the  true  philosopher  himself.  His 
theory  of  evidence  would  never  have  been  allowed  to  ex 
pose  his  folly  to  the  world,  had  he  understood  even  the 
Comparentia  ad  intellectum  instantiarum  convenientem. 
Bacon's  genius  was  indeed  comprehensive.  Sir  John 
Hawkins  states  that 

"  Lord  Bacbn,  in  his  natural  history,  has  given  a  great  variety 
of  experiments  touching  music,  that  show  him  to  have  been  not 
barely  a  philosopher,  an  enquirer  into  the  phaenomena  of  sound, 
but  a  master  of  the  science  of  harmony,  and  very  intimately  ac 
quainted  with  the  precepts  of  musical  composition." 

Sir  John  quotes  the  following  remark  of  Lord  Bacon 
as  a  proof  of  his  knowledge  of  the  sciences : 

"  The  sweetest  and  best  harmony  is  when  every  part  or  instru 
ment  is  not  heard  by  itself,  but  a  conflation  of  them  all ;  which 
requireth  to  stand  some  distance  off;  even  as  it  is  in  the  mixture 
of  perfumes,  or  the  taking  the  smells  of  several  flowers  in  the 
air." — History  rtf  Music.  The  above  authorities,  quoted  from  the 
Biographia  Britannica,  should  be  read  at  length. 

His  chaplain  tells  us  that  our  great  philosopher  pursued 
the  true  plan  of  acquiring  general  knowledge  :  "  He  would 
light  his  torch  at  every  man's  candles."  We  have  referred 
to  the  graphic  picture  which  Osborn  gives  us  of  his  puz 
zling  Lord  Middlesex  at  the  council-table  by  his  minute 
knowledge  of  manufactures  and  the  rules  of  trade.  Os 
born  further  tells  us : 

**  I  have  heard  him  entertain  a  country  lord  in  the  proper  terms 
relating  to  hawks  and  dogs ;  and  at  another  time  out>cant  a  Lon 
don  chirurgeon." 

Pope  refers  to  the  precision  of  Bacon's  language : 
"  Words  that  wist  Bacon  or  grave  Kaleigh  spake." 

An  English  dictionary,  Mr.  Seward  remarks,  might  be 
composed  from  his  works;  but  this  compliment  is  very  in 
definite,  and  not  one,  we  think,  which  Bacon  would  have 
coveted.     Dugald  Stewart  remarks,  in  reference  to  Bacon's 
i  design  of  classifying  the  multifarious  objects  of  human 
j  knowledge: 


BAG 

"Nor  must  it  be  forgotten,  to  the  glory  of  his  genius,  that  what 
he  failed  to  accomplish  remains  to  this  day  a  desideratum  in 
science  •  that  the  intellectual  chart  delineated  by  him  is.  with  all  its 
imperfections,  the  only  one  of  which  modern  philosophy  has  yet 
to  boast  •  and  that  the  united  talents  of  D' Alembert  and  Diderot, 
aided  bv  all  the  lights  of  the  eighteenth  century,  have  been  able 
to  add  "but  little  to  what  Bacon  performed."— 1st  Prd.  Ihss.  to 

"»°At'  the  time  when  Bacon  wrote,  it  might  truly  be  said,  that  a 
small  portion,  even  of  the  learned  ages,  and  of  the  abilities  of 
learned  men,  had  been  dedicated  to  the  study  of  natural  philoso 
phy.  This  served,  in  his  opinion,  to  account  for  the  imperfect 
state  in  which  he  found  human  knowledge  in  general;  for  he 
thought  it  certain  that  no  part  of  knowledge  could  attain  much 
excellence  without  having  its  foundation  laid  in  physical  science." 

PROF.  PLAYFAIR  :  3d  Prd.  Diss.  to  Encyc.  Bril. 

Professor  Playfair  further  remarks,  after  an  analysis  of 
a  portion  of  the  Novum  Organum,  the  second  part  of  the 
Instauration  of  the  Sciences  : 

"  The  power  and  compass  of  a  mind  which  could  form  such  a 
plan  beforehand,  and  trace  not  merely  the  outline,  but  many  of 
the  most  minute  ramifications  of  sciences  which  did  not  yet  exist, 
must  be  an  object  of  admiration  to  all  succeeding  ages." — Ibid. 

"  We  must  constantly  remember  that  the  philosophy  of  Bacon 
was  left  exceedingly  incomplete.  Many  lives  would  not  have 
sufficed  for  what  he  had  planned,  and  he  gave  only  the  horce  sub- 
secivtf  of  his  own.  It  is  evident  that  he  had  turned  his  thoughts 
to  physical  philosophy,  rather  for  an  exercise  of  his  reasoning  facul 
ties,  than  from  any  peculiar  aptitude  for  their  subjects,  much  less 
any  advantage  of  opportunity  for  their  cultivation.  He  was  more 
eminently  the  philosopher  of  human  than  of  general  nature.  .  .  . 
Burke,  perhaps,  comes,  of  all  modern  writers,  the  nearest  to  him; 
but  though  Bacon  may  not  be  more  profound  than  Burke,  he  is 
still  more  comprehensive." — HALLAM  :  Introduc.  to  Hist.  Lit. 

After  this  "  cloud  of  witnesses"  to  the  surpassing  merits 
of  our  great  philosopher,  let  us  revert  to  the  opinions  of 
some  of  his  contemporaries.  "  The  Queen  did  acknow 
ledge,"  says  the  Earl  of  Essex  in  a  letter  to  Bacon  himself, 
"you  had  a  great  wit,  and  an  excellent  gift  of  speech,  and 
much  other  good  learning.  But  in  law,  she  rather  thought 
you  could  make  shew  to  the  utmost  of  your  knowledge, 
than  that  you  were  deep." 

"  If  it  be  asked,  says  Dr.  Hurd,  how  the  Queen  came  to  form 
this  conclusion,  the  answer  is  plain.  It  was  from  Mr.  Bacon's 
having  a  great  wit,  an  excellent  gift  of  speech,  and  much  other 
good  learning." — Hard's  Dialogues. 

But  Mr.  Stewart  opposes  to  Queen  Elizabeth's  judgment 
on  the  law  item  that  of  Mr.  Hargrave : 

"  What  might  we  not  have  expected  from  the  hands  of  such  a 
master,  if  his  vast  mind  had  not  so  embraced  within  its  compass 
the  whole  field  of  science,  as  very  much  to  detach  him  from  pro 
fessional  studies?" 

Of  the  exact  sciences,  Bacon  was  by  no  means  a  master; 
he  neither  knew,  nor  cared  to  know,  much  of  the  Mathe 
matics.  He  underrated  the  value  of  this  instrumentality, 
undoubtedly.  Hobbes  was  an  intimate  of  Bacon,  and,  we 
presume,  supplied  Aubrey  with  the  pleasing  information  he 
communicates,  that,  "  in  short,  all  that  were  great  and  good 
loved  and  honoured  him." 

Let  us  not  forget  the  commendation  of  our  great  favour 
ite,  quaint  Thomas  Fuller : 

«  He  fell  into  a  dislike  of  Aristotle's  Philosophy  as  barren  and 
jejune,  enabling  some  to  dispute,  more  to  mangle,  few  to  find  out 
truth,  and  none,  if  confining  themselves  to  his  principles.  Hence 
it  was  that  afterwards  he  traded  so  largely  in  experiments:  so 
that,  as  Socrates  is  said  to  be  the  first  who  stooped  towering  specu 
lations  into  practical  morality.  Sir  Francis  was  one  of  the  first  who 
reduced  notional  to  real  and  scientifical  philosophy.  .  .  .  His 
abilities  were  a  clear  confutation  of  two  vulgar  errors,  (libels  on 
learned  men :)  first,  that  judgment,  wit.  fancy,  and  memory  can 
not  conveniently  be  in  conjunction  in  the  same  person;  whereas 
our  knight  was  a  rich  cabinet,  filled  with  all  four,  besides  a  golden 
key  to  open  it.— Elocution.  Secondly, i  That  he  who  is  something 
in  all.  is  nothing  in  any  one  art :'  whereas  he  was  singular  in  sm- 
gvlif,  and.  being  in-at-all,  came  off  with  credit.  Such  who  condemn 
him  for  pride,  if  in  his  place,  with  the  fifth  part  of  his  parts,  had 
been  ten  times  prouder  themselves.  ...  He  may  be  said  to  have 
left  nothing  to  his  executors,  and  all  to  his  heirs,  under  which 
notion  the  learned  of  all  ages  may  be  held." — WorUiies. 

'•  Bacon,  when  like  himself— for  no  man  was  ever  more  inconsist 
ent—says.  Prudens  questio— dimidum  scientize  est."— COLERIDGE  • 
litblf  Talk: 

••  When  I  look  at  the  mind  of  Lord  Bacon,  it  seems  vast  original 
penetrating,  analogical,  beyond  all  competition.  When  I  look  at 
his  character,  it  is  wavering,  shuffling,  mean.  In  the  closing  scene, 
and  in  that  only,  he  appears  in  true  dignity,  as  a  man  of  profound 
contrition."— OctTs  Remains. 

"  Lord  Bacon  was  the  greatest  genius  that  England,  or  perhaps 
any  other  country,  ever  produced."— POPK  :  fence's  Anecdotes 

'•  In  his  Xovum  Organum  he  has  laid  down  the  whole  method 
that  Descartes  afterwards  followed." — LORD  BOLIXGBROKE  :  SPEXCE. 

It  is  no  little  satisfaction  to  observe  that  the  melancholy 
fall  of  this  great  man  seems  to  have  excited  but  little  at 
tention  in  foreign  countries :  where  known,  doubtless  in 
many  cases  it  was  attributed  to  political  prejudices,  or  the 
effects  of  that  envy  and  malignity  which,  as  Bacon  him 
self  phrases  it,  makes  "  greatness  the  mark,  and  accusa 
tion  the  game." 

Bayle,  one  of  the  most  inquisitive  and  gossiping  of 


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encyclopaedists,  seems  to  be  ignorant  of  any  criminal 
charges  against  the  ex-chancellor.  His  name  was  in  high 
renown  on  the  continent,  and  "  eminent  foreigners  crossed 
the  seas  on  purpose  to  see  and  discourse  with  him."  When 
the  Marquis  D'Effrat,  who  caused  his  Essays  to  be  trans 
lated  into  English,  escorted  Henrietta  Maria,  the  Queen 
of  Charles  I.,  to  England,  he  visited  Bacon,  and  was  re 
ceived  by  his  Lordship,  who  was  confined  to  his  bed  by 
sickness,  with  the  curtains  drawn :  "  You  resemble  the 
angels,"  remarked  the  Marquis :  "  we  hear  those  beings 
constantly  talked  of,  we  believe  them  superior  to  mankind, 
and  we  never  have  the  consolation  to  see  them."  His 
lordship  replied  that,  "  If  the  charity  of  others  compared 
him  to  an  angel,  his  own  infirmities  told  him  he  was  a  man." 
— Stephens'*  Account  of  Lord  Bacon's  Life.  The  Marquis 
returned  home,  bearing  the  philosopher's  picture  with  him, 
corresponding  with  him  ever  after,  and  esteemed  it  a  pe 
culiar  honour  to  be  styled,  by  his  illustrious  friend,  his  son. 
We  have  referred  to  that  memorable  dinner  at  York 
House,  when  the  Lord  Chancellor,  with  a  chosen  party  of 
distinguished  friends,  "celebrated  his  entrance  into  his 
sixtieth  year."  We  shall  quote  Ben  Jonson's  poem  (a 
specimen  of  which  we  have  already  given)  on  this  inte 
resting,  we  may  say  august,  occasion.  As  few  of  our  readers 
have  the  opportunity  of  seeing  the  lines  in  their  original 
dress,  we  shall  retain  the  antiquated  orthography  of  the 
day.  The  form  of  the  poem 

"  Implies  a  very  beautiful  fiction ;  the  poet  starting,  as  it  were, 
on  his  entering  York  House,  at  the  sight  of  the  Genius  of  the 
place  performing  some  mystery,  which,  penetrating  from  the  gaiety 
of  his  look,  affords  matter  for  the  compliment :" 

LORD  BACON'S  BIBTH  DAT. 
"  Haile,  happie  Genius  of  this  antient  pile! 
How  comes  it  all  things  so  about  thee  smile? 
The  fire,  the  wine,  the  men,  and  in  the  midst 
Thou  stand'st,  as  if  some  mystery  thou  did'st! 
Pardon,  I  read  it  in  thy  face,  the  day 
For  whose  returnes,  and  many,  all  these  pray : 
And  so  doe  I.    This  is  the  sixtieth  year, 
Since  Bacon,  and  thy  Lord,  was  borne  and  here ; 
Son  to  the  grave,  wise  Keeper  of  the  Seale, 
Fame  and  foundation  of  the  English  weale : 
What  then  his  father  was,  that  since  is  he, 
Now  with  a  title  more  to  the  degree. 
England's  High  Chancellor!  the  destined  beire 
In  his  soft  cradle  to  his  father's  chair; 
Whose  even  thred  the  Fates  spinne  round  and  full, 
Out  of  their  choycest  and  their  whitest  wooll. 
'Tis  a  brave  cause  of  joy ;  let  it  be  knowne, — 
For  'twere  a  narrow  gladnesse,  kept  thine  owne. 
Give  me  a  deep-crowned  bowle,  that  I  may  sing, 
In  raysing  him,  the  wysdome  of  my  King." 
"Verily   every  man   at  his   best  estate   is  altogether 
vanity  !"     Well  was  it  said  by  the  sage  of  old—"  Call  no 
man  happy  while  he  lives !"     Even  then,  on  that  high 
festal  day,  the  handwriting  was  on  the  wall,  the  decree 
had  gone  forth — "  Thy  glory  hath  departed  from  thee  !" 
A  few  weeks  more,  and  he  who  so  proudly  entertained  the 
chief  estates  of  the  realm  on  his  natal  day — the  man  whom 
the  king  delighted  to  honour,  the  first  statesman  of  his 
court,  and  the  most  illustrious  philosopher  of  -  his  age — 
bowed  his  head  in  agony,  and  in  deepest  humiliation  ut 
tered  the  touching  prayer :  "  I  beseech  your  Lordships  be 
merciful  to  a  broken  reed  !" 

Let  us  trust  that  he  proved  that  "sweet  are  the  uses  of 
adversity !"  That  in  his  hour  of  darkness  he  could  ex 
claim  with  the  Royal  Psalmist,  who  also  "passed  through 
the  deep  waters :" 

••  Bonum  mini  quia  humiliasti  me :  ut  discam  justificationes 
tuas!" 

That  affliction  was  thus  profitable  to  him,  we  have  good 
ground  for  believing.  In  that  solemn  and  affecting  prayer 
with  which  he  turned  unto  the  Lord  his  God,  we  have  evi 
dence  of  unfeigned  humiliation  and  heartfelt  devotion. 
Mr.  Addison  quotes  this  in  the  Taller,  witb  some  most  ap 
propriate  prefatory  remarks  : 

"  I  was  infinitely  pleased  to  find  among  the  works  of  this  extra 
ordinary  man  a  prayer  of  his  own  composing,  which,  for  the  eleva 
tion  of  thought,  and  greatness  of  expression,  seems  rather  the 
devotion  of  an  angel  than  a  man.  ...  In  this  prayer,  at  the  same 
time  that  we  find  nun  prostrating  himself  before  the  great  mercy- 
seat,  and  troubled  under  afflictions  which  at  that  time  lay  heavy 
upon  him,  we  see  him  supported  by  the  sense  of  his  integrity,  his 
seal,  his  devotion,  and  his  love  to  mankind :  which  give  him  a 
much  higher  figure  in  the  minds  of  thinking  men.  than  that  great 
ness  had  done  from  which  he  had  fallen.  I  shall  beg  leave  to 
write  down  the  prayer  itself,  with  the  title  with  it,  as  it  was  found 
amongst  his  lordship's  papers,  written  in  his  own  hand ;  not  being 
able  to  furnish  my  readers  with  an  entertainment  more  suitable 
to  this  solemn  time."— JuOer,  267,  December  23, 1710. 

A  Prayer,  or  Psalm,  made  by  my  Lord  Bacon,  Chancellor 

of  England. 

"Most  gracious  Lord  God,  my  merciful  Father  from  my  youth 
up!  My  Creator,  my  Redeemer,  my  Comforter!  Thou.  O  Lord, 
soundest  and  searchest  the  depths  and  secrets  of  all  hearts ;  thou 


BAG 


BAG 


acknowledges!  the  upright  of  heart;  thou  judgest  the  hypocrite; 
thou  ponderest  men's  thoughts  and  doings  as  in  a  balance ;  thou 
measurest  their  intentions  as  with  a  line;  vanity  and  crooked 
ways  cannot  be  hid  from  thee. 

"  Remember,  0  Lord !  how  thy  servant  hath  walked  before  thee ; 
remember  what  I  have  first  sought,  and  what  hath  been  principal 
in  my  intentions.  I  have  loved  thy  assemblies,  I  have  mourned 
for  the  divisions  of  thy  church,  I  have  delighted  in  the  brightness 
of  thy  sanctuary.  This  vine,  which  thy  right  hand  hath  planted 
in  this  nation,  I  have  ever  prayed  unto  thee  that  it  might  have 
the  first  and  the  latter  rain,  and  that  it  might  stretch  her  branches 
to  the  seas  and  to  the  floods.  The  state  and  bread  of  the  poor  and 
oppressed  have  been  precious  in  mine  eyes ;  I  have  hated  all  cruel 
ty  and  hardness  of  heart ;  I  have,  though  in  a  despised  weed,  pro 
cured  the  good  of  all  men.  If  any  have  been  my  enemies.  I  thought 
not  of  them,  neither  hath  the  sun  almost  set  upon  my  displeasure; 
but  I  have  been,  as  a  dove,  free  from  superfluity  of  maliciousness. 
Thy  creatures  have  been  my  books,  but  thy  Scriptures  much  more. 
I  have  sought  thee  in  the  courts,  fields,  and  gardens ;  but  I  have 
found  thee  in  thy  temples. 

"  Thousands  have  been  my  sins,  and  ten  thousands  my  trans 
gressions,  but  thy  sanctifications  have  remained  with  me,  and  my 
heart,  through  thy  grace,  hath  been  an  unquenched  coal  upon 
thine  altar. 

"  0  Lord,  my  strength !  I  have  since  my  youth  met  with  thee  in 
all  my  ways,  by  thy  fatherly  compassions,  by  thy  comfortable 
chastisements,  and  by  thy  most  visible  providence.  As  thy  fa 
vours  have  increased  upon  me,  so  have  thy  corrections;  so  as  thou 
hast  been  always  near  me,  0  Lord !  and  ever  as  my  worldly  blessings 
were  exalted,  so  secret  darts  from  thee  have  pierced  me;  and 
when  I  have  ascended  before  men.  I  have  descended  in  humilia 
tion  before  thee.  And  now,  when  I  thought  most  of  peace  and 
honour,  thy  hand  is  heavy  upon  me,  and  hath  humbled  me  ac 
cording  to  thy  former  loving-kindness,  keeping  me  still  in  thy 
fatherly  school,  not  as  a  bastard,  but  as  a  child.  Just  are  thy 
judgments  upon  me  for  my  sins,  which  are  more  in  number  than 
the  sands  of  the  sea,  but  have  no  proportion  to  thy  mercies ;  for 
what  are  the  sands  of  the  sea?  Earth,  heavens,  and  all  these  are 
nothing  to  thy  mercies.  Besides  my  innumerable  sins,  I  confess 
before  thee,  that  I  am  debtor  to  thee  for  the  gracious  talent  of  thy 
gifts  and  graces,  which  I  have  neither  put  into  a  napkin,  nor  put 
it,  as  I  ought,  to  exchangers,  where  it  might  have  made  best  profit, 
but  misspent  it  in  things  for  which  I  was  least  fit ;  so  I  may  truly 
say,  my  soul  hath  been  a  stranger  in  the  course  of  my  pilgrimage. 
Be  merciful  unto  me,  0  Lord,  for  my  Saviour's  sake,  and  receive 
me  unto  thy  bosom,  or  guide  me  in  thy  ways." 

When  we  admire  the  vast  plans  of  this  great  architect, 
and  contrast  the  magnificent  design  with  the  compara 
tively  meagre  performance,  and  then  remember  that  the 
allurements  of  ambition,  and  the  seductions  of  pleasure, 
were  sufficiently  strong  to  tempt  from  his  work  the  wise 
master-builder,  we  feel  as  we  should  on  beholding  the 
gigantic  but  unfinished  proportions  of  the  castle  of  some 
Titan,  who  had  left  his  labour  to  chase  a  butterfly,  or,  in 
some  flowery  grove,  had  wasted  the  noontide  in  inglorious 
repose. 

A  new  edition  of  Bacon's  works  is  being  pub.  by  Long 
mans,  ed.  by  James  Spedding,  Robert  Leslie  Ellis,  and 
Douglas  Denon  Heath. 

Bacon,  Henry,  b.  1813,  at  Boston.  Ordained,  1834. 
Christian  Comforter;  Teachings  and  Tendencies  of  Uni- 
versalism;  Sacred  Flora;  Memoir  of  Mrs.  C.  A.  Jerauld; 
pub.  more  than  50  tracts  and  sermons.  Ed.  Ladies'  Re 
pository  of  Boston  19  years. 

Bacon,  Jas.    A  Catechism  and  Sermon,  1660. 

Bacon,  Jas.  1.  The  Libertine,  1791.  2.  The  A. 
Indian,  1795. 

Bacon,  John.  Con.  to  Medical  Comm.  ii.  296,  1774. 

Bacon,  John.  Liber  Regis,  vel  Thesaurus  Rerum 
Ecclesiasticarum ;  with  an  appendix,  containing  proper 
Directions  and  Precedents  relating  to  Presentations,  In 
stitutions,  Inductions,  Dispensations,  <fcc.,  Lon.,  1786. 

Bacon,  John,  1740-1799,  an  eminent  English  sculp 
tor,  wrote  the  Disquisition  on  the  Character  of  Painting 
and  Sculpture,  pub.  in  Rees's  edition  of  Chambers'  Diction 
ary  ;  and  assisted  Mr.  Strutt  in  his  Diet,  of  Engravers. 

Bacon,  John,  d.  1820,  a  native  of  Connecticut.  A 
Sermon,  1772.  Answer  to  Huntington,  1781.  Speech  on  the 
Courts  of  U.S.,  1802.  Conjectures  on  the  Prophecies,  1805. 

Bacon,  Leonard,  D.D.,  b.  1802,  at  Detroit,  Mich., 
where  his  father  was  missionary  to  the  Indians,  graduated 
at  Yale  College,  1820  ;  studied  theology  at  Andover  four 
years,  and  became  pastor  of  Centre  Church,  New  Haven, 
Conn.,  in  1825,  which  position  he  still  occupies,  (1858.) 

1.  Select  Practical  Writings  of  Richard  Baxter,  with  Life 
of  the  Author,  New  Haven,  1831 ;  2d  ed.,  1835,  2  vols.  8vo. 

2.  A  Manual  for  Young  Church -Members,  1833, 18mo.     3. 
Thirteen  Historical  Discourses  on  the  Completion  of  Two 
Hundred  Years  from  the  beginning  of  the  first  church  in 
New  Haven,  1839.     4.  Slavery  discussed,  in  occasional 
Essays  from  1833  to  '46,  N.  York,  1846,  8vo.     His  nume 
rous  contributions  will  be  found  in  the  Chris.  Spec.,  1822- 
39  inclusive,    The    New   Englander,    1843-58  inc.,    The 
Independent,  1849-58  inc.,  of  which  journal  he  is  one  of 
the  editors. 


Bacon,  Matthew.  New  Abridgment  of  the  Law; 
6th  ed.,  with  considerable  additions  by  C.  E.  Dodd  and  Sir 
Henry  Gwillim,  Lon.,  1832,  8  vols.  r.  8vo. 

The  second  American  edition  of  this  excellent  work  was 
pub. in  1842-1856,  in  10  vols;  edited  by  Judge  Bouvier  of 
Philadelphia,  well  known  as  the  author  of  the  celebrated 
Law  Dictionary,  and  of  the  Institutes  of  American  Law. 
See  BOUVIER,  JOHN. 

"  This  work  is  probably  in  more  general  use  in  the  United  States 
than  any  other  English  Abridgment  of  the  Common  Law.  The 
various  titles  being  written  in  the  form  of  dissertations  renders 
it  quite  a  law  library  in  itself."  See  Marvin's  Legal  Bibl. 

Lord  Eldon  cited  Bacon  as  an  authority.  Bouvier's  edit, 
has  the  advantage  of  a  copious  index,  which  renders  it  of 
far  greater  value  than  any  other  edition. 

Bacon,  Mary  A.  1.  Sonnets  on  Flowers,  illuminated 
by  Owen  Jones,  Lon.,  r.  8vo.  2.  Sonnets  on  Fruits,  illumi 
nated  by  Owen  Jones,  1848,  r.  8vo.  3.  Winged  Thoughts, 
illuminated  by  Owen  Jones,  1851,  r.  8vo. 

Bacon,  Sir  Nathaniel,  youngest  son  of  Sir  Nicholas 
Bacon,  the  first  baronet. 

"  There  is  in  the  Additional  MS.  (in  the  British  Museum,  No. 
397)  '  a  relation  of  the  state  of  Francis  Spira,'  which,  it  is  probable, 
was  written  by  him." — Ease's  Biog.  Diet. 

Bacon,  Nathaniel,  grandson  of  Lord  Keeper  Bacon, 
has  had  attributed  to  him  the  authorship  of  An  Historical 
Discourse  of  Uniformity  of  the  Government  of  England, 
1647-1652.  Reprinted  in  1672,  and  in  1682.  The  pub 
lisher  was  prosecuted  and  outlawed.  The  Earl  of  Chatham, 
in  his  letters  to  his  nephew,  praises  this  work  highly. 

Bacon,  Sir  Nicholas,  1510-1579,  Lord  Keeper  of 
the  Great  Seal  in  the  reign  of  Elizabeth,  father  of  Francis 
Bacon,  the  illustrious  philosopher,  was  educated  at  Bene't 
(now  Corpus  Christi)  College,  Cambridge.  His  biography 
belongs  to  political,  rather  than  to  literary,  history.  A 
number  of  his  Speeches  are  preserved  in  Collections  of 
MSS.,  of  which  Bishop  Tanner  gives  a  list.  Holinshed 
ranks  him  with  those  who  have  written  something  con 
cerning  the  History  of  England.  Mr.  Masters  refers  to  a 
commentary  by  Sir  Nicholas  upon  the  12  Minor  Prophets. 
In  1723  was  pub.  his  Right  of  Succession  in  the  Stuarts, 
exclusive  of  Mary  Queen  of  Scots,  defended  against  Sir 
Anthony  Brown. 

"I  have  come  to  the  Lord-Keeper  and  found  him  sitting  in  his 
gallery  alone,  with  the  works  of  Quintilian  before  him.  Indeed,  he 
was  a  most  eloquent  man,  of  rare  learning  and  wisdom  as  ever  I 
knew  England  to  breed." — PUTTENHAM. 

Bacon,  Phanuel,  d.  1783,  Rector  of  Balden,  of 
Magdalen  Coll.,  Oxf.,  was  author  of,  The  Kite,  a  Poem,  (see 
Gent.  Mag.,  1758,-)  5  dramatic  pieces,  viz.:  1.  The  Taxes. 
2.  The  Insignificants.  3.  The  Tryal  of  the  Time-Killers. 
4.  The  Moral  Quack.  5.  The  Oculist,  all,  1757,  pub.  in  a 
vol.,  and  entitled  Humorous  Ethics,  Ballads,  Songs,  <fcc. 

Bacon,  R.  The  Labyrinth  the  Kingdom  is  in,  with 
a  Golden  Thread  to  bring  it  forth  into  Light,  Liberty,  and 
Peace  again,  Lon.,  1646. 

Bacon,  R.  N.  Prize  Essay  on  the  Agriculture  of 
Norfolk,  Lon.,  1846,  8vo. 

"This  work  is  much  esteemed,  and  contains  the  sentiments  of  a 
sound,  practical  judge,  and  of  an  enlightened  writer." — Donaldson's 
Agricidt.  Biography. 

Bacon,  Robert,  1168P-1248,  an  eminent  English 
divine,  studied  at  Oxford,  where  he  subsequently  read  di 
vinity  lectures.  Dr.  Pegge  thinks  that  he  was  either  eJder 
brother,  or  uncle,  of  Roger  Bacon.  The  latter  is  the  con 
jecture  of  Leland  also.  He  wrote,  1.  Glosses  on  the  Holy 
Scripture.  2.  On  the  Psalter.  3.  Discourses.  4.  Lec 
tures.  Pits,  Leland,  Hearne,  Cave,  and  other  authors, 
have  confounded  this  Robert  Bacon  with  Roger. 

Bacon,  Robt.     Miscell.  Pieces  in  Verse,  Lon.,  1790. 

Bacon,  Bakon  or  Bacun,  Roger,  1214-1292,  an 
English  monk  of  the  order  of  St.  Francis,  Avas  born  near 
Ilchester,  in  Somersetshire.  Although  living  in  the  cen 
tury  in  which  a  number  of  great  names  occur — Thomas 
Aquinas,  Alexander  Hales,  Albertus  Magnus,  Bonaven- 
tura,  <fec. — yet  he  is  certainly  second  to  none,  and  perhaps 
deserves  to  be  ranked  first.  After  studying  at  Oxford, 
Bacon  sought  the  advantages  offered  by  the  University  of 
Paris,  then  the  resort  of  all  desirous  of  perfecting  their 
education.  Here  he  formed  that  intimacy  with  Robert 
Grosseteste,  afterwards  Bishop  of  Lincoln,  which  proved 
of  such  service  to  him  in  the  prosecution  of  those  studies 
to  which  he  devoted  his  life.  Pegge  and  Chalmers  deny 
this  intimacy.  He  was  also  largely  indebted  to  the  patron 
age  of  Edmund  Price  Archbishop  of  Canterbury,  William 
Shirwood,  Chancellor  of  Lincoln,  and  Richard  Fishacre, 
a  celebrated  teacher  of  the  sciences.  At  Paris  he  took  the 
degree  of  doctor  of  theology,  after  which,  whether  in 
France  or  England  is  not  known,  he  assumed  the  monastic 


BAG 


BAG 


habit  of  the  Franciscans.  Returning  to  England,  he  set 
tled  at  Oxford,  where  he  is  supposed  to  have  made  his 
principal  experiments  in  natural  philosophy  and  other 
branches  of  science  and  speculation.  It  is  not  a  little  re 
markable  that  he  perceived  and  deplored  the  insufficiency 
of  that  system  of  philosophy  which  his  illustrious  name 
sake,  about  four  hundred  years  subsequently,  so  success 
fully  attacked :  referring  to  the  inadequacy  of  Aristotle's 
canons  to  answer  the  difficulties  to  which  they  are  applied, 
he  remarks : 

"Si  haberem  potestatem  super  libros  Aristotelis,  ego  facerem 
omnes  cremari;  quia  non  est  nisi  temporis  amissio  studere  in  illis, 
et  causa  erroris  et  multiplicatio  ignorantiee  ultra  id  quod  valeat 
explicari." 

According  to  Dr.  Hutton,  who  drew  his  knowledge  "  from 
some  scarce  books,"  he  expended  in  twenty  years'  researches 
some  £2000,  a  very  large  sum  for  the  time,  supplied  by 
some  of  the  heads  of  the  Universities.  His  proficiency  in 
learning  was  wonderful.  He  is  said  to  have  been  a  perfect 
master  of  the  Latin,  Greek,  and  Hebrew,  and  to  have  added 
thereto  a  knowledge  of  the  Arabic  tongue.  He  was  pro 
foundly  versed  in  metaphysics,  theology,  grammar,  as 
tronomy,  chemistry,  mechanics,  logic,  chronology,  optics, 
magic,  and  other  departments  of  learning.  He  made  many 
extraordinary  machines,  and  was  so  noted  for  this  skill  as 
to  ha,ve  the  reputation  of  a  magician.  He  has  the  credit 
of  having  invented  the  air-pump,  the  camera  obscura,  the 
diving-bell,  and  gunpowder.  Some  passages  from  his 
works  have  been  cited  as  a  proof  of  his  having  invented 
gunpowder : 

';  In  omnem  distantiam,  quam  volumus,  possumus  artiflcialiter 
coniponere  ignem  comburentem  ex  sale  petree  et  aliis.  .  .  .  Sed 
tamen  salis  petrae  luru  mvpe,  can  ubre  et  sulphuris :  et  sic  fades 
tonitrum  et  coruscationem,  si  scies  artificium." — Ep.  de  Secretis 
Opfrculis  Artis  et  Natural. 

Bacon  is  one  of  a  number  of  learned  men  to  whom  the 
vulgar  imputed  the  manufacture  of  a  brazen  head  which 
possessed  the  faculty  of  speech.  His  patron,  Robert  Gros- 
seteste,  Pope  Sylvester  II.,  and  Albertus  Magnus,  all  had 
the  credit,  or  discredit,  of  having  formed  by  magic  a  won 
derful  head  of  this  character.  Though  indeed  the  latter, 
not  satisfied  with  a  head  only,  made  a  man  complete,  who 
"not  only  answered  questions  very  readily  and  truly  when 
demanded,"  but  became  so  loquacious  as  to  interrupt  the 
studies  of  Thomas  Aquinas ;  "  he  was  so  flippant  with  his 
brazen  tongue,  that  Thomas  Aquinas,  a  reserved  and  con 
templative  person,  and  pupil  at  that  time  to  Albertus  Mag 
nus,  knocked  the  idol  to  pieces  to  stop  its  talking !"  Me- 
thinks  we  see  our  reader  smile ;  perhaps  he  is  incredulous; 
but  these  were  very  wise  men,  the  magicians  of  the  12th 
and  13th  centuries !  As  to  Friar  Bacon's  brazen  head,  we 
fi  nd  in  Rose's  Biog.  Diet.,  "  an  abridged  version  of  the  legend 
from  a  rare  tract,  entitled  The  Farmer's  Historic  of  Friar 
Bacon,  4to,  Lon.,  1652.  Friar  Bacon,  it  is  pretended,  dis 
covered  after  great  study,  that  if  he  could  succeed  in 
making  a  head  of  brass  which  should  speak,  and  hear  it 
when  it  spoke,  he  might  be  able  to  surround  all  England 
with  a  wall  of  brass.  By  the  assistance  of  Friar  Bungey, 
and  a  devil,  likewise  called  into  the  consultation,  he  ac 
complished  his  object,  but  with  this  drawback— the  head 
when  finished  was  warranted  to  speak  in  the  course  of  one 
month,  but  it  was  quite  uncertain  when ;  and  if  they  heard 
it  not  before  it  had  done  speaking,  all  their  labour  would 
be  lost.  After  watching  for  three  weeks,  fatigue  got  the 
mastery  over  them,  and  Bacon  set  his  man  Miles  to  watch, 
with  strict  injunctions  to  awake  them  if  the  head  should 
speak.  The  fellow  heard  the  head  at  the  end  of  one  half- 
hour  say,  '  Time  is !'  at  the  end  of  another,  '  Time  was !' 
and  at  the  end  of  another  half-hour,  'Time's  past!'  when 
down  it  fell  with  a  tremendous  crash,  the  blockhead  of  a 
servant  thinking  that  his  master  would  be  angry  if  he  dis 
turbed  him  for  such  trifles !  "We  cannot  conclude  better 

than  in  the  words  of  the  excellent  Robert  Recorde 'And 

hereof  came  it  that  fryer  Bakon  was  accompted  so  greate 
a  negromancier,  which  never  used  that  arte,  (by  any  con 
juncture  that  I  can  fynde,)  but  was  in  geometrie  and  other 
mathematicall  sciences  so  experte,  that  he  could  doe  by 
them  suche  thynges  as  were  wonderful  in  the  sight  of  most 
people.'— Pathway  to  Knowledge,  4to,  Lon.,  1551."  A 
lengthened  account  of  Bacon's  experiments  and  discoveries 
in  the  sciences,  <fec.  does  not,  of  course,  come  under  the 
bead  of  literary  history.  We  refer  the  reader  to  the  Biog. 
Brit.,  Rose's  Biog.  Diet.,  Cunningham's  Biog.  History,  Ac., 
ind  earlier  accounts.  His  writings  were  very  numerous. 
Leland  complains  that  Bacon's  MSS.  were  so  dispersed, 
;hat  it  would  be  easier  to  collect  the  leaves  of  the  Sybil 
han  the  very  names  of  the  treatises  he  wrote.  He  gives 
he  titles  of  30.  Bale  collected  the  titles  of  more  than  80. 


;  Pits  brings  the  number  up  to  nearly  one  hundred ;  and  Dr. 
Jebb  classifies  them,  (see  Table  in  Biog.  Brit.,)  making  in 
Grammar,  5;  Mathematics,  Physics,  Ac.,  23;  Optics,  10; 

j  Geography,  6 ;  Astronomy,  7 ;  Chronology,  1 ;  Chemistry, 

:  9;  Magic,  5;  Physic,  9;  Theology,  6;  Logic,  Metaphysics, 

j  and  Ethics,  8 ;  Philology  and  Miscellany,  12.     The  Opus 

j  Majus  was  published  by  Dr.  Jebb  in  London,  in  1733,  and 
repub.  at  Venice,  1750.  Speculum  Alchemic  Norib.,  1541. 
De  Mirabili  Potestate  Artis  et  Nature,  Ac.,  1542.  In 
Fren-ch,  Paris,  1612.  Trad,  par  J.  Girard.  In  English, 
Lon.,  1659.  Another  trans,  under  the  title,  Discovery  of 

|  the  Miracles  of  Art,  Nature,  and  Magic,  Lon.,  1657,  by  T. 
M.  His  Chemical  tracts  will  be  found  in  the  Thesaurus 
Chemicus,  8vo,  Frankf.,  1603.  The  treatise  on  the  means 
of  avoiding  the  infirmities  of  old  age  was  first  printed  at 
Oxford  in  1590.  In  this  treatise  he  expatiates  upon  secret 
and  mysterious  medicines.  Dr.  Richard  Brown  repub. 
this  work  under  the  title  of  The  Care  of  Old  Age  and  the 
Preservation  of  Youth.  Many  of  his  MSS.  are  unpublished. 
Computus  Rogeri  Baconis;  Compendium  Theologicum, 
and  Liber  Naturalium,  are  in  the  King's  Library.  Opus 
Minus  and  Opus  Tertian  are  in  the  Cottonian  Library. — 
See  Lists  of  his  Works  in  Biog.  Brit.,  and  in  Watts  Bib. 
Brit.  The  monks  of  his  order  accused  him  of  converse 

[  with  evil  spirits,  which  caused  the  Pope  to  have  him  im 
prisoned,  but  he  was  released  by  the  successor  to  the  papal 

I  chair,  Clement  IV.,  by  whose  encouragement  he  wrote  his 
Opus  Majus. 

Dr.  Freind  considers  that  since  the  days  of  Archimedes 
the  world  had  seen  no  greater  genius  than  Roger  Bacon. 
We  shall  institute  no  comparison  between  Roger  and  his 
celebrated  namesake,  the  Lord  Chancellor.  In  point  of 
erudition,  Roger  far  surpasses  the  latter.  Gerard  Joannes 

i  Vossius  gives  Roger  no  meagre  praise: 

"  In  the  year  1270  flourished  in  every  kind  of  learning  among 
the  English,  Roger  Bacon,  a  Monk  of  the  Franciscan  order,  and  an 
Oxford  Divine,  a  man  of  such  vast  learning,  that  England,  nay 
the  whole  world  beside,  had  not  in  this  respect  his  equal,  or  his 
second ;  yet  either  through  the  envy  or  the  ignorance  of  the  age 
in  which  he  lived,  he  was  stigmatized  as  a  magician." — De  Na- 
tura  Artium. 

"  The  mind  of  Roger  Bacon  was  strangely  compounded  of  al 
most  prophetic  gleams  of  the  future  course  of  science,  and  the  best 
principles  of  the  inductive  philosophy,  with  a  more  than  usual 

1  credulity  in  the  superstition  of  his  own  times." — HALLAM  :  Lit. 
of  Europe.  See  this  excellent  writer's  Resemblance  of  Roger  Bacon 

j  to  Lord  Bacon,  in  vol.  ii.,  ib.  See  also  Retrospective  Review,  vol. 
vii.  p.  64. 

Bacon,  Thomas.     Reliques  of  Rome,  Lon.,  1563. 

Bacon,  Thomas.     Sermons  pub.  1749-51. 

Bacon,  Thomas,  an  American  Epis.  clergyman. 
Laws  of  Maryland,  1765.  Complete  System  of  the  Reve 
nue  of  Ireland,  1774. 

Bacon,  Thomas,  Lt.  First  Impressions  and  Studies 
from  Nature  in  Hindostan,  2  vols.,  Lon.,  1837. 

"  The  graphic  illustrations  of  this  work  are  creditable  to  Mr, 
Bacon's  taste  and  skill  as  an  artist." 

Bacon,  Vincent.  Con.  to  Phil.  Trans.,  1734. 
Bacon,  Wm.     A  Key  to  Helmont,  Lon.,  1682. 
Baconthorp,  Bacondorp  or  Bacon,  John,  d. 

1346,  was  born  at  Baconthorp,  a  village  in  Norfolk.  He 
studied  first  at  Oxford,  then  at  Paris.  He  was  called  "  The 
Resolute  Doctor."  Several  of  his  works  have  been  pub 
lished  :  Commentaria  seu  Quaestiones  per  quatuor  Libros 
Sententiarum,  Mediol.,  1510.  Six  editions.  Compendium 
Legis  Christi,  et  Quodlibeta,  Venice,  1527.  Philosophia, 
Aug.  Taur.,  1667,  3  vols.  4to.  A  Catalogue  of  his  writings 
will  be  found  in  Leland,  Bale,  and  Pits.  Baconthorp  was 
the  head  of  the  followers  of  the  philosopher  Averroes. 
Being  remarkable  for  smallness  of  stature,  Pits  and  Fuller 
make  themselves  merry  therewith  : 

"  Erat  quidem,  ut  alter  Zachaeus,  statura  pusillus,  sed  ingenio 
magnus,  ut  mirum  sit  in  tarn  exili  corpusculo  tantas  habitasse 
virtutes,  et  naturam  in  tantillo  homuncione  tarn  sublime  colo- 
casse  ingenium.  Tarn  ingentia  scripsit  volumina,  ut  corpus  non 
tulisset  quod  ingenium  protulerat.  Nam  si  moles  librorum  ejus, 
composita  farcina,  auctoris  humeris  imposita  fuisset,  homulum, 
sine  dubio  comprimere  suffecisset." 

"  He  was,  like  another  Zacheus,  a  very  dwarf  in  stature,  but  of 
so  great  a  genius,  that  it  is  surprising  such  exalted  virtues  should 
dwell  in  so  small  a  body,  and  that  nature  should  have  placed  so 
sublime  a  wit  in  such  an  epitome  of  a  man.  He  wrote  such  large 
volumes,  that  his  body  could  not  have  sustained  the  product  of 
his  mind.  For  if  the  weight  of  his  books,  bundled  together,  had 
been  laid  upon  their  author's  shoulder,  the  little  man  must  un 
doubtedly  have  sunk  under  it."— Pits  De  illus.  Angl.  Scriptor-  in 
Biog.  Brit. 

Fuller,  who  is  so  ready  in  making  occasion  for  a  witti 
cism,  of  course  avails  himself  of  so  fair  an  opportunity  as 
the  little  Resolute  Doctor  gives  him. 

"First,  for  the  dwarfishness  of  his  stature, 

4  Scalpellum  calami  atramentum  charta  libellus.' 


BAD 


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His  pen-knife,  pen,  ink-horn,  one  sheet  of  paper,  and  any  of  his 
books,  would  amount  to  his  full  height.  As  for  all  the  books  of 
his  own  making,  put  together,  their  burden  were  more  than  his 
body  could  bear.  Secondly,  for  his  high  spirit  in  his  luw  body.  In 
deed  his  soul  had  but  a  small  diocese  to  visit,  and  therefore  might 
the  better  attend  the  effectual  informing  thereof.  ...  lie  groped 
after  more  light  than  he  saw,  saw  more  than  he  durst  speak  of, 
spake  of  more  than  he  was  thanked  for  by  those  of  feis«uperstitious 
order,  [English  Carmelites,]  amongst  whom,  (saith  Bale,)  neither  be 
fore  nor  after,  arose  the  like  for  learning  and  religion." — Worthies. 

Badcock,  R.    Horticul.  Con.  to  Phil.  Trans.,  1746. 

Badcock,  Rev.  Saml.,  1747-1788,  a  dissenting 
minister,  took  orders  in  the  Church  -of  England  in  1787, 
when  he  became  curate  of  Broad  Clyst.  lie  was  an  able 
contributor  to  The  London  Review,  London  Magazine, 
General  Evening  Post,  St  James  Chronicle,  and  to  The 
Monthly  Review.  In  the  last-named  periodical,  he  pub 
lished  a  review  (June  and  August,  1783)  of  Dr.  Priestley's 
History  of  the  Corruptions  of  Christianity ;  it  was  wittily 
remarked  of  this  review,  that  no  one  save  Dr.  Priestley 
would  wish  it  to  be  shorter.  The  Doctor  took  his  critique 
so  much  to  heart,  that  in  less  than  a  month  he  published 
in  pamphlet  form  A  Reply  to  the  Animadversions,  <fcc. 
in  The  Monthly  Review  for  June,  1783,  <fcc.  This  was 
answered  in  the  September  number  of  the  Review.  The 
principal  point  at  issue  was  the  Doctrine  of  the  Primitive 
Church  concerning  the  Person  of  Christ.  This  review 
"  was  generally  admitted  to  be  a  most  triumphant  refuta 
tion  of  Dr.  Priestley's  opinions,  as  well  as  one  of  the  most 
elaborate  specimens  of  criticism  that  modern  times  had 
furnished."  Another  writer  remarks,  "  Badcock  continued 
his  assault,  sparing  neither  the  history  nor  the  Defence ; 
and,  in  the  view  of  many,  demolished  the  system  he  had 
assailed."  He  pub.  some  memoirs  of  the  Wesley  family, 
which  led  to  some  controversy  with  the  excellent  John 
Wesley.  See  Nichols's  Literary  Anecdotes,  vol.  v, 

"  Mr.  Badcock  was  one  of  the  most  distinguished  literary  men 
of  his  day.  His  judgment  was  singularly  acute  and  comprehen 
sive  ;  his  learning  profound  and  various ;  his  genius  fertile  and 
lively,  but  regulated  by  a  most  exquisite  taste." —  Cunningham' 's 
Biog.  History. 

Mr.  Nichols  introduced  Mr.  Badcock  to  Dr.  Johnson,  and 
the  following  letter  from  Mr.  B.  to  Mr.  N.,  referring  to  Dr. 
Johnson's  opinion  of  Priestley,  is  not  without  interest : 

"  How  much  I  am  obliged  to  you  for  the  favour  you  did  me  'in 
introducing  me  to  Dr.  Johnson !  Tantum  vidi  Virgilium.  But  to 
have  seen  him,  and  to  have  received  a  testimony  of  respect  from 
him,  was  enough.  I  recollect  all  the  conversation,  and  sliall  never 
forget  one  of  his  expressions.  Speaking  of  Dr.  Priestley,  (whose 
writings,  I  saw,  he  estimated  at  a  low  rate.)  he  said,  '  You  have 
proved  him  as  deficient  in  probity  as  he  is  in  learning.'  I  called  him 
an  'Index  Scholar;1  but  he  was  not  willing  to  allow  him  a  claim 
even  to  that  merit.  He  said  "that  he  borrowed  from  those  who 
had  been  borrowers  themselves,  and  did  not  know  that  the  mis 
takes  he  adopted  had  been  answered  by  others.'  I  often  think  of 
our  short,  but  precious,  visit  to  this  great  man.  I  shall  consider 
it  as  a  sort  of  an  (era  in  my  life." 

Baddam,  Benj.  Memoirs  of  the  Royal  Society, 
being  a  new  Abridgment  of  the  Philosophical  Transac 
tions,  from  1665  to  1735,  inclusive,  Lon.,  1738-41,  10  vols. 
4to.  For  an  interesting  article  relative  to  the  Philosophi 
cal  Transactions,  see  Nichols's  Lit.  Anecdotes,  vol.  i. 

Baddelly,Geo.  12  Sermons,1752.  12Discourses,l766. 

Baddely,  R.  Theolog.  &  Polit.  pamph.,  Lon.,1622-53. 

Badelly,  John,  M.D.  Narrative  relative  to  a  cure 
performed  by  Prince  Hohenlohe  on  Miss  B.  O'Conor,  3d 
ed.,  Lon.,  1823. 

Badenock,  Jus.,  M.D.  Con.  on  Med.  and  Ornitho 
logy  to  Med.  Obs.  &  Inq.,  and  Phil.  Trans.,  1770-71. 

Badeslade,  Thos.  Nav.  of  King's  Lyn.,1725.  River 
Dee,  1735. 

Badger,  C.    Admonitions  to  Parents,  Ac.,  Lon.,  1803. 

Badger,  J.  Cures  of  the  King's  Evil  by  R.  touch,  1748. 

Badger,  Stephen,  of  Mass.  Discourses,  1774.  Let 
ter  reL  to  the  Indians,  in  Mass.  Hist.  Coll.,  1797. 

Badham,  Charles,  M.D.  Med.  Works,  &c.,  Lon., 
1808 — 18. 

Badham,  C.  D.  Esculent  Mushrooms  of  England, 
Lon.,  1847,  r.  8vo.  Prose  Halieutics,  Ac.,  p.  8vo. 

Badland,  Thos.     Sermon,  2  Cor.  iv.  18,  1676. 

Baeta,  H.  X.     On  Fever  &  Rheumatism,  Lon  ,  1800 

Baffin,  Wm.,  1584-1622,  a  celebrated  English  navi 
gator,  wrote  an  account  of  his  voyage  under  James  Hall, 
in  1612, 

"Which  is  chiefly  remarkable  as  being  the  first  on  record  in 
which  a  method  is  laid  down  for  determining  the  longitude  at  sea, 
by  an  observation  of  the  heavenly  bodies." 

He  also  wrote  an  account  of  his  voyage  under  Robert 
Bylot  in  1615.  His  name  will  ever  be  remembered  by  the 
Bay  discovered  byhim,in  a  voyage  made  under  Bylot  inl  616. 

Bage,  Robert,  1728-1801,  a  novelist  of  considerable 
talent,  whose  memory  has  been  honoured  by  having  Sir 
98 


Walter  Scott  as  his  biographer,  wrote  Mount  Heneth,  pub. 
1781 ;  Burnham  Downs,  the  Fair  Syrian,  and  James 
Wallace.  William  Button  gives  some  particulars  of  him 
in  his  "  Life." 

"  Mount  Heneth  became  justly  popular,  from  the  vivacity  of  its 
style  and  dialogue,  and  the  many  well-drawn  characters,  and 
apposite  reflections  on  questions  of  morality  and  humanity.  .  .  . 
All  his  novels  were  favourably  received  by  the  public,  as  far  su 
perior  to  the  common  run  of  novels." — Chalmers's  Biog.  Diet. 

Bagford,  John,  1650  P-1716,  an  enthusiastic  collector 
of  literary  curiosities,  was  bred  to  the  occupation  of  a 
shoemaker,  but  did  not  acknowledge  the  obligation  of  the 
old  maxim,  "  Ne  sutor  ultra  crepidam  :"  but  even  Apelles, 
however,  would  not  have  desired  to  restrain  the  zeal  of 
this  useful  and  amiable  lover  of  antiquities.  He  became 
extensively  acquainted  with  old  books,  prints,  and  coins, 
and  possessed  no  slight  knowledge  of  the  Roman  remains 
in  Britain.  Of  this  there  is  ample  evidence  in  his  curious 
letter  to  Hearne,  in  the  1st  vol.  of  2d  edition  of  Leland's 
Collectanea.  He  did  not  confine  his  researches  to  the 
book-stalls  and  shops  of  London,  but  travelled  abroad  for 
book-sellers  and  literary  gentlemen,  enriching  their  shelves 
and  libraries  with  his  acquisitions.  In  this  way  he  was  a 
sort  of  humble  Dibdin  to  the  Spensers  and  Hebers  of  his 
time.  His  private  collection  of  books,  title-pages,  covers, 
&c.  was  very  large.  As  must  always  be  the  case  with  a 
man  whose  education  has  been  picked  up  item  by  item, 
without  system,  he  sometimes  displays  amusing  ignorance 
in  conjunction  with  his  knowledge.  He  projected  a  history 
of  his  favourite  art,  and,  in  1707  published  in  the  Philo 
sophical  Transactions,  his  "  Proposals  for  a  History  of 
Printing,  Printers,  Illuminators,  Chalcography,  Paper 
Making,  &c.,"  price  to  be  £1  for  a  book  of  800  pages.  He 
seems  to  have  lacked  encouragement,  as  the  book  never 
appeared.  After  his  death,  Lord  Oxford  purchased  his 
collections  and  papers  for  his  library.  They  are  now  in 
the  Harleian  Collection  in  the  British  Museum,  in  42  folio 
volumes  :  but  a  melancholy  sight  a  portion  of  them  pre 
sent;  for,  as  Dibdin  remarks, 

"  A  modern  collector  and  lover  of  perfect  copies  will  witness, 
with  shuddering,  among  Bagford's  immense  collection  of  title- 
pages,  the  frontispieces  of  the  Complutensian  Polyglot,  and  Chaun- 
cy's  History  of  Hertfordshire,  torn  out  to  illustrate  a  History  of 
Printing." 

He  was  employed  as  a  collector  by  Lord  Oxford,  Dr. 
John  Moore,  Bishop  of  Ely,  Sir  Hans  Sloane,  Sir  James 
Austin,  and  others.  Mr.  Bagford  was  one  of  the  many 
ingenious  men  in  the  world  whose  natural  talents  are  con 
tinually  hampered  for  want  of  early  education.  See  in 
teresting  accounts  of  him  in  Dibdin's  Bibliomania,  in 
Nichols's  Literary  Anecdotes,  and  Hearne's  prefaces  to 
Guil.  Roper  Vita,  D.  Thomse  Mori,  1716,  and  to  Walter 
Hemingford's  history.  "At  vero  in  hoc  genera  fragmenta 
colligendi  omnes  quidem  alios  quantum  ego  existimare 
possum  facile  superavit  JOANUS  BAGFORDITJS,  de  quo  apud 
Hemingum,  Ac."  We  quote  a  line  or  so  from  the  Hemingi 
Wigornensis  Chartularium,  to  which  reference  is  made. 

"  Had  his  education  been  equal  to  his  natural  genius,  he  would 
have  proved  a  much  greater  man  than  he  was.  And  yet,  without 
this  education,  he  was  certainly  the  greatest  man  in  the  world  in 
his  way." — Dibdin's  Bibliomania. 

Baggs,  Jeffrey.   Essays  on  Amplification,  Lon.,  1802. 

Baggs,  John.     View  of  the  Millennium,  Lon.,  1798. 

Bagley,  Geo.     See  BAYLEY,  GEO. 

Bagley,  Wm.  The  New  Practice  of  the  Courts  of 
Law  at  Westminster,  Lon.,  1840. 

"  The  author  has  attempted  to  combine  the  learning  and  scien 
tific  method  of  Tidd,  with  the  practical  familiarity  of  Impey.  and 
to  condense  within  the  compass  of  a  volume,  not  only  the  sub 
stance  of  the  statutes,  rules,  and  decisions  relating  to  proceedings 
at  law,  but  minute  instructions  for  taking  every  step  in  such  pro 
ceedings." 

The  practice  of  the  Chambers  of  the  Judges  of  the 
Courts  of  Common  Law,  in  civil  action,  Lon.,  1834. 

"Mr.  Bagley's  work  is  as  good  as  a  work  can  be  on  the  suTject 
he  has  chosen.  He  has  attempted,  and  with  as  much  success  as 
was  possible,  to  do  that  which  is  next  to  impossible,  namely  to 
separate  the  practice  at  Chambers  from  the  practice  of  the  courts 
generally."  See  Marvin's  Legal  Bibl. 

Bagnal,  Thos.  The  Excellency  and  Usefulness  of 
Masonry :  a  Sermon  preached  before  the  Free  Masons,  on 
Heb.  iii.  4,  1767. 

Bagnol,  or  Bagnall.  A  Sermon,  Lon.,  1763.  Edu 
cation,  1765.  Trans,  of  Telemachus  into  Eng.  verse,  1791. 

Bagnol,  Robt.  The  Steward's  Last  Account,  in  five 
Sermons,  on  15th  St.  Luke,  Lon.,  1622. 

Bagnold,  Joseph.  Wisdom  and  Innocency;  a  Ser 
mon  on  Matt,  x.  16,  1709. 

Bagot,  Daniel.  Treatise  of  the  Bankrupt  Laws  of 
Ireland,  1795.  Other  Law  Treatises,  1794-1804. 

Bagot,  Daniel,  Vicar  of  Neury.     1.  Disciples  in  tho 


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Storm.  2.  Temptation  of  Christ  in  the  Wilderness.  3.  Trea 
tise  on  the  Lord's  Supper.  4.  Treatise  on  the  Transfigu 
ration. 

Bagot,  Lewis,  1740-1802,  was  successively  Bishop 
of  Bristol,  Norwich,  and  St.  Asaph.  He  was  educated  at 
Westminster  School,  and  chosen  thence  student  of  Christ 
Church.  He  pub.  a  number  of  theological  works,  1772- 
1790,  the  principal  of  which  is  Twelve  Discourses  on  the 
Prophecies  concerning  the  first  Establishment  and  sub 
sequent  History  of  Christianity,  preached  at  the  Warbur- 
tonian  Lecture,  in  Lincoln's  Inn  Chapel,  1780. 

"  Bishop  Bagot  opened  his  lectures  by  preliminary  observations 
on  the  nature  and  value  of  the  evidences  drawn  from  prophecies; 
including  some  pointed  remarks  on  Lord  Monboddo  and  Mr. 
Gibbon.  The  subject  of  his  subsequent  discourses  were,  the  pro 
mise  of  a  second  dispensation  under  the  first;  the  progressive 
nature  of  the  kingdom  of  God ;  the  distinctive  characters  of  the 
Messiah,  and  the  nature  of  his  kingdom;  the  time  limited  by  the 
prophets,  and  the  proofs  of  its  fulfilment;  the  conformity  of  the 
life  of  Christ  and  of  his  kingdom  to  the  predictions ;  the  prophe 
cies  concerning  the  latter  times ;  and  the  general  recapitulation 
of  the  whole  subject."— British  Critic,  vol.  xxvii.  p.  653. 

Dr.  Bagot  has  been  commended  as  a  man  of  great  learn 
ing,  and  of  the  most  gentle  and  amiable  manners. 

Bagot,  Richard,  Bishop  of  Oxford.  A  Charge  at 
his  Third  Visitation,  Oxf.,  1838.  A  Charge  at  his  Fourth 
Visitation,  Oxf.,  1842. 

Bagshaw,  Edward,  1604-1662,  of  Brasenose  Coll., 
Oxf.,  a  lawyer  who  at  first  opposed  the  cause  of  Charles  I., 
but  subsequently  became  one  of  his  adherents,  published 
a  number  of  theological  and  political  works,  1633-1662. 
Whilst  imprisoned  by  the  Parliament,  he  wrote  a  treatise 
which  does  not  argue  much  respect  for  the  opinion  of  his 
judges,  viz. :  The  Rights  of  the  Crown  to  England,  as  it  is 
established  by  Law.  This  he  published  very  appropriate 
ly  in  1660 — the  year  of  the  Restoration.  The  earliest  of 
his  publications  was  the  Life  and  Death  of  Mr.  Robert 
Bolton,  1633.  Mr.  Bolton  was  the  author  of  the  well- 
known  treatise,  entitled  The  Four  Last  Things.  Anthony 
Wood  refers  to  his  sitting  in  "  that  most  wicked  conven 
tion  that  begun  at  Westminster,  3  Nov.,  1640.  But  soon 
after,  perceiving  full  well  what  mad  courses  the  members 
thereof  took,  he  left  them."  He  left  two  sons,  Henry  and 
Edward,  who  are  next  to  be  noticed. 

Bagshaw,  Edward,  1629-1671,  son  of  the  preced 
ing,  was  admitted  of  Christ  Church,  Oxf.,  in  1646,  and 
ordained  by  the  Bishop  of  Exeter,  in  1659.  It  is  enough 
to  make  him  memorable  that  he  was  second  master  of 
Westminster  School,  when  the  famous  Dr.  Busby  was 
head  master.  The  two  dominies  could  not  agree,  and 
Bagshaw  was  displaced.  For  some  time  he  was  chaplain 
to  Arthur,  Earl  of  Anglesey.  Wood  gives  a  long  list  of 
writings,  principally  controversial,  directed  against  Baxter, 
L'Estrange,  Morley,  Bishop  of  Worcester,  and  others. 
These  publications  have  sunk  into  oblivion.  He  appears  to 
have  inherited  his  father's  belligerent  spirit,  as  well  as  his 
cacoethes  scribendi.  Anthony  Wood,  who  seems  to  spare 
no  man  in  his  wrath,  represents  young  Bagshaw  whilst 
at  college  as  any  thing  but  a  modest  and  well-behaved 
young  man : 

••  He  expressed  himself  very  often  intolerably  impudent,  saucy, 
and  refractory  to  the  Censor,  and  thereupon  was  either  Sconst 
[mysterious  ceremony!]  or  put  out  of  Commons.  .  .  .  When 
quadragesimal  disputations  were  publicly  performed  in  the  schools, 
he  would,  without  any  provocation,  take  the  questions,  either  of 
an  under-graduate,  or  bachelor,  purposely  to  dispute  with  him, 
and  so  consequently  show  his  parts,  and  be  shouldered  out,  or 
carried  out  into  the  quadrangle  on  the  shoulders  of  his  admirers. 
...  He  showed  himself  a  turbulent  and  domineering  person,  not 
only  in  his  college,  but  in  the  University,  where  'twas  common 
with  him  to  disturb  the  Vice-chancellor  with  interposed  speeches, 
without  formalities,  and  with  his  hat  cocked."— Attien.  Oxon. 

Added  years  do  not  seem  to  have  mellowed  his  rough 
temper.  Becoming  obnoxious  to  government,  he  was  sub 
jected  to  twenty-two  weeks'  imprisonment  in  Newgate. 
He  was  undoubtedly  a  man  of  marked  ability,  but  had  too 
much  of  thefortiterin  re. 

Bagshaw,  Henry,  1632-1709,  another  son  of  Ed 
ward  Bagshaw,  Senior,  was  educated  at  Westminster 
School,  and  Christ  Church,  Oxf.  He  held  one  of  the  pre 
bends  in  the  Church  of  Durham.  He  seems  to  have  played 
the  lamb  to  his  brother's  lion,  being  remarkable  for  in- 
offensiveness  of  character.  He  pub.  A  Sermon  on  Ps.  xxxvii. 
37, 1676.  DiatribsB,  or  Discourses  upon  select  texts  against 
Papists  and  Socinians,  1680,  etc. 

Bagshaw,  Henry.    Sermon,  Matt.  xxi.  13, 1698. 

Bagshaw,  John.  Two  Sermons,2  Sam.  xix.14,15, 1660. 

Bagshaw,  William,  1628-1702,  a  Nonconforming 
divine,  whose  zeal  and  usefulness  in  the  northern  parts  of 
Derbyshire  acquired  for  him  the  title  of  "  The  Apostle  of 
the  Peak."  He  pub.  a  number  of  works,  and  left  a  large 


quantity  of  MSS.  upon  various  subjects :  no  less  than  50 
vols.  in  folio  and  quarto,  written  with  his  own  hand.  Among 
his  pub.  works  are,  1.  Waters  for  a  Thirsty  Soul,  in  several 
sermons  on  Rev.  xxi.  6,  1653.  2.  The  Miner's  Monitor, 
or  a  Motion  to  those  whose  Labour  lies  in  the  Lead  and 
other  Mines,  1675.  3.  De  Spiritualibus  Pecci,  or  Notes  con 
cerning  the  Work  of  God,  and  some  that  have  been  Work 
ers  together  with  God,  in  the  High  Peak  of  Derbyshire, 
Lon.,  1702. 

Bagwell,  William,  an  English  mathematician  and 
astronomer  of  the  17th  century.  Mistery  of  Astronomy 
maid  plaine  to  the  meanest  capacity,  Lon.,  1655.  Sphynx 
Thebanus,  an  Arith.  Descrip.  of  both  the  Globes.  The  Dis 
tressed  Merchant,  1645.  Wit's  Extraction,  1664. 

"  A  curious  work,  with  a  portrait,  at  the  back  of  which  is  printed 
a  family  group,  seated  at  table  at  an  evening  party." — LOWNDES. 

Baildon,  John,  joint  author  with  John  de  Beau- 
chesne  of  A  Book  cont.  Divers  Sorts  of  Hands,  Lon.,  1570. 

Baildon,  Jos.  Trans,  of  Mexia's  Rarities  of  the 
World,  Lon.,  1651.  Wonder  of  the  World,4to,  1656. 

Bailey.  History  of  Newcastle-upon-Tyne,  1801.  Anon. 

Bailey,  Abr.  The  Spightful  Sister:  A  Comedy, 
Lon.,  1667. 

Bailey,  Alexander  Mabyn.    See  BAILEY,  WM. 

Bailey,  B.'  Exposition  of  the  Parables  of  our  Lord, 
Ac.,  with  a  Prelim.  Dissert,  on  the  Parable  Lon.,  1828. 

"  This  work,  entirely  devoid  of  an  evangelical  character,  will  be 
found  useful  to  the  clerical  student,  as  embodying  a  copious  col 
lection  of  annotation,  criticism,  and  disquisition  upon  the  portions 
of  Scripture  illustrated." — LOWNDES. 

Bailey,  Edw.,  M.D.   Con.  to  Phil.  Trans.,  1746. 

Bailey,  H.  Reports  of  Cases  in  Court  of  Appeals, 
S.  Carolina,  1828-1832,  2  vols.  Charleston,  1833-1834. 
Reports  of  Cases  in  Equity,  argued  in  Court  of  Appeals, 
S.  Carolina,  Charleston,  1841. 

Bailey,  Henry,  Curate  of  Hingham.  Rituale  Anglo- 
Catholicum,  Lon.,  1847. 

Bailey,  Henry  Ives,  Per.  Cur.  of  Drighlington. 
The  Liturgy  compared  with  the  Bible,  Lon.,  1833. 

Bailey,  Rev.  Jacob,  b.  1731,  Rowley,  Mass.  His  MS. 
Journal  has  been  edited  by  BARTLETT,  REV.  WM.  J.,  (q.  v.) 

Bailey,  Jacob  Whitman,  b.  1811,  at  Ward,  Massa 
chusetts,  grad.  at  West  Point,  1832.  Appoin.  Prof.  Chem., 
Ac.  at  the  U.  S.  Military  Acad.,  West  Point,  1838.  Con 
tributed  various  valuable  papers  in  the  American  Jour,  of 
Science,  and  in  Smithsonian  Contributions  to  Science. 

Bailey,  Jas.  Hierogly.  Origo  et  Natura,  Cantab.,  1816. 

Bailey,  John.     Agricultural  Works,  &c.,  1794-1811. 

Bailey,  Margaret  L.,  born  at  Sussex,  Virginia. 

"  Mrs.  Bailey  is  favourably  known  both  as  a  poetess  and  a  prose 
writer." —  Woman's  Record. 

Bailey,  Nathan,  d.  1742,  a  philologist  of  great  abili 
ties,  was  the  author  of  the  well-known  dictionary  which 
bears  his  name.  The  4th  edition  (1728)  was  long  the  only 
dictionary  in  general  use.  It  was  enlarged  into  two  vols. 
8vo,  1737,  and  afterwards  issued  in  folio,  by  Dr.  Jos.  Nicol 
Scott.  The  last  was  considered  the  best  edition,  and  is 
still  a  favourite  with  some  students.  Johnson's  first  edi 
tion  of  his  dictionary  was  published  in  1755.  There  is  a 
curious  anecdote  connected  with  Bailey's  work.  It  was 
studied  through  twice,  word  by  word,  by  Mr.  Pitt,  after- 
war,ds  Earl  of  Chatham,  the  import  and  mode  of  construc 
tion  of  each  word  carefully  examined,  so  that  the  strength, 
the  significance,  and  the  beauty  of  the  English  language 
might  be  properly  understood,  and  enlisted  in  the  service 
of  oratory  when  required.  Some  of  the  sermons  of  Bar 
row,  it  will  be  remembered,  were  committed  to  memory  by 
Mr.  Pitt,  for  the  same  purpose.  "  Probably  no  man,  since 
the  days  of  Cicero,  has  ever  submitted  to  an  equal  amount 
of  drudgery."  The  effects  of  this  philological  training 
-were  witnessed  in  the  copious  vocabulary,  and  precision 
in  application,  which  distinguished  Chatham's  elocution. 
Wilkes,  indeed,  seems  to  criticize  his  language,  when  he 
tells  us,  "he  had  not  the  correctness  of  language  so  strik 
ing  in  the  great  Roman  orator,  but  he  had  the  verba  ar- 
dentia — the  bold,  glowing  words."  But  Mr.  Wilkes's  opi 
nion,  upon  any  subject  save  the  right  of  suffrage,  and 
choice  of  rare  books,  has  but  little  weight  with  us.  Ho 
race  Walpole  describes  Chatham's  language  as  having 
been  amazingly  fine.  « Not  content,"  says  Lord  Ly ttle- 
ton,  "  to  correct  and  instruct  his  imagination  by  the  works 
of  men,  he  borrowed  his  noblest  images  from  the  language 
of  inspiration." 

We  should  not  forget  to  acknowledge  the  improvements 
made  in  the  folio  edition  of  Bailey's  dictionary  by  G.  Gor 
don,  who  made  additions  to  the  mathematical  part,  Phil. 
Miller  to  the  botanical  terms,  and  T.  Lidiard  to  the  etymo 
logical  portion :  the  whole  being  revised  by  Dr.  Scott. 


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Dr.  Harwood's  care  was  bestowed  upon  the  revision  of  the 
8vo  edition,  of  which  the  15th  edition  was  pub.  about  1759. 
Mr.  Bailey  published  several  other  educational  works  ;  and 
a  Dictionarium  Domesticum  in  1736. 

Bailey,  Peter,  d.  1823,  editor  of  The  Museum,  (Lon 
don,)  pub.  Sketches  from  St.  George's  Fields,  by  Giorgione 
di  Castel  Chiuso.  A  volume  containing  some  of  his  epic 
poetry,  entitled  Idwal,  was  printed,  but  not  published.  It 
was  founded  on  the  events  connected  with  the  conquest  of 
Wales.  A  Greek  Poem  of  Mr.  B.'s  was  pub.  in  the  Classi 
cal  Journal.  His  last  publication  was  an  anonymous  poem 
in  the  Spenser  measure,  called  A  Queen's  Appeal. 

Bailey,  Philip  James,  b.  1816,  a  member  of  the 
Bar,  son  of  the  proprietor  of  the  Nottingham  Mercury,  is 
the  author  of  Festus,  The  Angel  World,  1850,  and  Mystic, 
1855.  Few  poems  upon  their  first  appearance  have  ex 
cited  so  much  attention  as  Festus : 

"  It  is  an  extraordinary  production,  out-Heroding  Kant  in  some 
of  its  philosophy,  and  out-Goething  Goethe,  in  the  introduction  of 
the  three  persons  of  the  Trinity  as  interlocutors  in  its  wild  plot. 
Most  objectionable  as  it  is  on  this  account,  it  yet  contains  so  many 
exquisite  passages  of  genuine  poetry,  that  our  admiration  of  the 
author's  genius  overpowers  the  feeling  of  mortification  at  its  being 
misapplied,  and  meddling  with  such  dangerous  topics." — London 
Literary  Gazette,  1839. 

Mr.  Bailey  was  but  about  twenty  years  of  age  when 
Festus  was  finished.  It  was  published  in  1839.  His  youth 
has  probably  mitigated  the  censure  to  which  it  is  thought 
Festus  is  liable  for  grave  errors  both  of  style  and  senti 
ment.  The  second  edition,  published  three  years  after  the 
first,  was  much  enlarged,  and  in  later  editions  it  has  been 
still  further  augmented  to  about  three  times  its  original 
length.  "  Every  line  has  undergone  the  refining  crucible 
of  the  author's  brain,  and  has  been  modified  by  the  greater 
maturity  of  his  mind."  A  late  critic,  an  exquisite  poet 
himself,  thus  speaks  of  Mr.  Bailey : 

"  As  a  poet  in  actual  achievement,  I  can  have  no  hesitation  in 
placing  him  far  above  either  Browning  or  Stirling.  His  Festus  is 
in  many  respects  a  very  remarkable  production — remarkable  alike 
for  its  poetic  power,  and  its  utter  neglect  of  all  the  requirements 
of  poetic  art.  .  .  .  Yet  with  all  these  excesses  and  defects,  we  are 
made  to  feel  that  Festus  is  the  work  of  a  poet.  ...  In  The  Angel 
World,  we  have  the  youthful  poet  more  sobered  down ;  and  the 
consequent  result  has  been  one  not  exactly  to  be  wished — its 
beauties  and  its  defects  are  each  alike  less  prominent." — Moir's 
Poet.  Lit.  of  the  Past  Half -Century. 

The  Age :  Politics,  Poetry,  and  Criticism.  A  Colloquial 
Satire,  8vo,  1858. 

Bailey,  Rufus  William,  b.  1793,  at  Yarmouth, 
Maine,  graduated  at  Dartmouth  College,  1813.  1.  Family 
Preacher;  a  vol.  of  Sermons.  2.  Mother's  Request.  3.  The 
Issue ;  being  Letters  on  Slavery.  4.  Manual  of  Grammar. 
Bailey,  Samuel,  b.  1787,  at  Sheffield,  Eng.,  author 
of  a  number  of  works  on  Politics,  Political  Economy,  <fcc. 
Essays  on  the  Formation  of  Opinions,  <fcc.  This  work,  by  no 
means  unobjectionable  in  its  tendency,  displays  consider 
able  ability.  Any  writer  might  be  proud  of  the  commenda 
tion  of  the  distinguished  authority  whom  we  shall  quote : 
"It  would  be  an  act  of  injustice  to  those  readers  who  are  not 
acquainted  with  that  valuable  volume  entitled  Essays  on  the 
Formation  of  Opinions,  not  to  refer  them  to  it  as  enforcing  that 
neglected  part  of  morality.  To  it  may  be  added  a  masterly  article 
in  the  Westminster  Review,  occasioned  by  the  Essays." — SIB  JAMES 
MACKINTOSH  :  2d  Prel.  Diss.  to  Encyc.  Brit. 

Essays  on  Pursuit  of  Truth  and  Progress  of  Knowledge, 
8vo ;  2d  ed.,  1844.  Letters  on  the  Philosophy  of  the  Human 
Mind;  1st  Ser.,  8vo.  Money  and  its  Vicissitudes  in  Value, 
1852,  8vo.  Review  of  Berkeley's  Theory  of  Vision,  1841, 
8vo.  Theory  of  Reasoning,  8vo.  Discourses  on  various 
subjects  before  Literary  Societies,  1852,  8vo. 

Bailey,  T.  List  of  Bankrupts,  Dividends,  <fcc.  for  1804. 
Bailey,  Thomas,  1785-1856,  father  of  the  author  of 
Festus.     Advent  of  Charity,  and  other  Poems,  12m6.    His 
tory  of  Nottinghamshire,  3  vols.  r.  8vo.     Records  of  Lon 
gevity,  pub.  just  before  his  death. 

Bailey,  Walter,  M.D.    See  BALEY. 
Bailey,  Wm.  Advancement  of  Arts, &c.,Lon.,  1772-79. 
A  Treatise  respecting  the  Poor  in  Work-Houses,  Lon.,1758. 
This  vol.  was  pub.  by  Alex.  Mabyn  Bailey. 

Bailie,  J.  K.  Fasciculus  Inscriptionum  Graecarum, 
Lon.,  2  vols.  sm.  4to,  1844-46. 

Baillie,  Capt.  A  Solemn  Appeal  to  the  Public,  1779. 
Baillie,  Alex.     A  work  on  Scottish  Calvinism,  1628. 
Baillie,  Geo.     On  the  Bankrupt  Laws,  1809. 
Baillie,  Hugh.     A  Letter  to  Dr.  Shebbeare,  1775. 
Baillie,  Joanna,  1764-1851,  one  of  the  most  dis 
tinguished  writers  in  an  age  prolific  in  good  authors,  was 
born  in  a 

"  Scottish  Manse,  in  the  upper  dale  of  the  Clyde,  which  has,  for 

its  mild  character  and  lavish  production  of  fruit,  been  termed 

Fruit  Land.' . . .  One  of  the  finest  specimens  of  the  fruit  of  this 

100 


luxuriant  dale  is  Joanna  Baillie,  a  name  never  pronounced  by  Scot 
or  Briton  of  any  part  of  the  empire  but  with  the  veneration  duo 
to  the  truest  genius,  and  the  affection  which  is  the  birthright  of 
the  truest  specimens  of  womanhood." — HowitVs  Homes  of  the  2}oets. 
Miss  Baillie  for  the  principal  part  of  her  life  was  a  resi 
dent  of  Hampstead,  near  London,  where  she  died,  Feb. 
23,  1851.  She  always  lived  in  retirement,  and  for  some 
years  before  her  death  in  strict  seclusion.  While  she  re 
ceived  visitors,  it  is  stated  that  nearly  all  the  great  writers 
of  the  age  had,  at  one  time  or  another,  been  among  her 
guests.  Scott  spent  many  pleasant  hours  with  her,  and  on 
her  visit  to  Scotland  in  1806  she  spent  some  weeks  in  his 
house  at  Edinburgh.  Her  last  visit  to  Scott  and  to  Scot 
land  was  in  1820.  See  Life  of  Scott. 

Their  father  was  a  Scottish  clergyman;  their  mother, 
a  sister  of  the  celebrated  Dr.  William  Hunter  ;  and 
Matthew  Baillie,  M.D.,  another  distinguished  physician, 
was  brother  to  Joanna  and  Agnes.  Miss  Baillie's  earliest 
poetical  works  appeared  anonymously;  her  first  dramatic 
efforts  were  published  in  1798,  under  the  title  of  A  Series 
of  Plays,  in  which  it  is  attempted  to  delineate  the  stronger 
passions  of  the  mind ;  each  passion  being  the  subject  of 
a  tragedy  and  a  comedy.  A  second  edition  was  demanded 
in  a  few  months;  in  1802,  and  in  1812  a  third  volume  ap 
peared.  In  1804  she  published  a  volume  of  Miscellaneous 
Dramas;  and  in  1810  The  Family  Legend,  a  tragedy, 
made  its  appearance.  This  drama,  founded  on  a  Highland 
tradition,  was  brought  out  with  success  at  the  Edinburgh 
theatre,  under  the  auspices  of  Sir  Walter  Scott. 

"  Jan'y  30, 1810.  My  Dear  Miss  Baillie,— You  have  only  to  ima 
gine  all  that  you  could  wish  to  give  success  to  a  play,  and  your 
conceptions  will  still  fall  short  of  the  complete  and  decided  tri 
umph  of  the  Family  Legend.  .  .  .  Every  thing  that  pretended  to 
distinction,  whether  from  rank  or  literature,  was  in  the  boxes,  and 
in  the  pit  such  an  aggregate  mass  of  humanity  as  I  have  seldom, 
if  ever,  witnessed  in  the  same  place." — Scott  to  Miss  Baillie. 

"  Miss  Baillie's  play  went  oif  capitally  here.  ...  We  wept  till 
our  hearts  were  sore,  and  applauded  till  our  hands  were  blistered: 
what  could  we  more?" — Scott  to  Mr.  Morritt. 

It  was  played  14  nights,  and  in  1814  was  acted  in  Lon 
don.  In  1836  our  authoress  published  three  more  volumes 
of  Plays.  Thus  an  interval  of  38  years  had  occurred  be 
tween  the  first  and  the  last  publication  of  her  dramas. 
In  1823  the  Poetic  Miscellanies  appeared,  containing 
Scott's  dramatic  sketch  of  MacdufFs  Cross,  some  of  Mrs. 
Heman's  poetry,  and  Miss  Catherine  Fanshaw's  jeux 
d'esprit.  A  few  months  before  her  death,  Miss  Baillie 
completed  an  entire  edition  of  her  dramatic  works.  The 
Martyr  had  been  published  separately.  She  also  pub 
lished  Metrical  Legends  of  Exalted  Characters;  and  A 
View  of  the  general  Tenor  of  the  New  Testament  regard 
ing  the  Nature  and  Dignity  of  Jesus  Christ. 

Although  so  advanced  in  years,  Miss  Baillie  retained 
the  complete  possession  of  her  faculties  until  the  last. 
Lord  Jeffrey  writes : 

"  April  28, 1840.  I  forgot  to  tell  you  that  we  have  been  twice 
out  to  Hampstead  to  hunt  out  Joanna  Baillie,  and  found  her  the 
other  day  as  fresh,  natural,  and  amiable  as  ever ;  and  as  little  like 
a  Tragic  Muse.  Since  old  Mrs.  Brougham's  death,  1  do  not  know 
so  nice  an  old  woman." 

Again,  January  7,  1842,  he  writes : 

"  We  went  to  Hampstead,  and  paid  a  very  pleasant  visit  to  Jo 
anna  Baillie,  who  is  marvellous  in  health  and  spirits,  and  youth 
ful  freshness  and  simplicity  of  feeling,  and  not  a  bit  deaf,  blind, 
or  torpid." 

The  literary  stranger  from  a  distant  land  sought  an  in 
troduction  to  her  whose  writings  had  been  "  household 
words"  since  childhood  ;  and  who,  secluded  from  the  busy 
world,  considered  herself  a  mother  to  the  poor,  and  was 
by  them  esteemed  the  "Lady  Bountiful"  of  the  neigh 
bourhood. 

"I  am  glad  that  Mrs.  Ellis  and  you  have  derived  any  amuse 
ment  from  the  House  of  Aspen.  .  .  .  But  the  Plays  of  the  1'as- 
sions  have  put  me  entirely  out  of  conceit  with  my  German i/od 
brat;  and  "should  I  ever  again  attempt  dramatic  composition,  I 
would  endeavour  after  the  genuine  old  English  model." — Scott  to 
George  Ellis.  Esq. 

In  a  letter  to  Miss  Baillie,  dated  1810,  Scott  remarks: 
"  You  say  nothing  about  the  drama  on  Fear,  for  which  you  have 
chosen  so  admirable  a  subject,  and  which,  I  think,  will  be  in 
your  own  most  powerful  manner.  I  hope  you  will  have  an  eye  to 
its  being  actually  represented.  Perhaps  of  all  passions  it  is  the 
most  universally  interesting." 

We  find  the  tragedy  of  Fear  again  referred  to,  after  its 
publication  in  the  volume  issued  in  1812 : 

"  It  is  too  little  to  say  I  am  enchanted  with  the  said  third 
volume,  especially  with  the  two  first  plays,  which  in  every  point 
not  only  sustain,  but  even  exalt,  your  reputation  as  a  dramatist 
The  whole  character  of  Orra  is  exquisitely  supported,  as  well  t 
imagined,  and  the  language  distinguished  by  a  rich  variety  oi 
fancy,  which  I  know  no  instance  of,  excepting  in  Shakspeare. 

"  If  Joanna  Baillie  had  known  the  stage  practically,  she  would 
never  have  attached  the  importance  she  does  to  the  development 
of  single  passions  in  single  tragedies :  and  she  would  have  m 
vented  more  stirring  incidents  to  justify  the  passion  of  her  cha- 


BAI 


BAI 


racters,  and  to  give  them  that  air  of  fatality  which,  though  pecu 
liarly  predominant  in  the  Greek  drama,  will  also  be  found,  to  a 
certain  extent,  in  all  successful  tragedies.  Instead  of  this,  she 
tries  to  make  all  the  passions  of  her  main  characters  proceed  from 
the  wilful  natures  of  the  beings  themselves.  Their  feelings  are 
not  precipitated  by  circumstances,  like  a  stream  down  a  declivity, 
that  leaps  from  rock  to  rock;  but,  for  want  of  incident,  they  seem 
often  like  water  on  a  level,  without  a  propelling  impulse."— CAMP 
BELL  :  Lift,  of  Mrs.  Siddons. 

We  appeal  to  the  reader  whether  this  criticism  is  not, 
in  fact,  just  the  highest  compliment  which  could  have 
been  paid  to  Miss  Baillie's  management  of  her  characters. 
Mr.  Campbell's  censure  really  amounts  to  this :  Miss 
Baillie  prefers  the  exhibition  of  human  nature  to  catering 
for  stage  effect  and  slavishly  following  an  unnatural  code 
and  a  heathen  morality.  Her  object  was  not  so  much  to 
"  take  the  house  by  storm,"  as  to  take  the  heart  by  truth. 
"  That  air  of  fatality,"  the  absence  of  which  Mr.  Camp 
bell  deplores,  is  the  very  error  to  be  eschewed  by  the 
Christian  teacher,  whose  duty  it  is  to  illustrate  the  truth 
that  man,  as  a  free  agent,  will  secure  happiness  by  the 
practice  of  virtue,  and  reap  misery  as  the  fruit  of  vice. 
Love,  Hatred,  Fear,  Religion,  Jealousy,  Revenge,  and 
Remorse,  may  each  be  made  to  enforce  the  truth  that 
"  the  way  of  the  transgressor  is  hard,"  or  to  impress  the 
mind  with  the  abiding  conviction  that  Wisdom's  ways  are 
"  ways  of  pleasantness,  and  all  her  paths  are  peace." 
What  does  Miss  Baillie  set  forth  as  her  own  canon  ? 

"  Let  one  simple  trait  of  the  human  heart,  one  expression  of 
passion,  genuine  and  true  to  nature,  be  introduced,  and  it  will 
stand  forth  alone  in  the  boldness  of  reality,  whilst  the  false  and 
unnatural  around  it  fades  away  on  every  side,  like  the  rising  ex 
halation  of  the  morning." — Preparatory  Discourse  to  first  vol.  of 
Dramas,  1798. 

"Joanna  Baillie,  as  the  author  of  Count  Basil  and  De  Montfort, 
is  entitled  to  a  much  higher  place  among  dramatists  than  the  au 
thor  of  Metrical  Legends  is  among  mere  poets.  With  much  ima 
ginative  energy,  much  observant  thought,  and  great  freedom  and 
force  of  delineation,  together  with  a  fine  feeling  of  nature,  and  an 
occasional  Massingerian  softness  of  diction,  it  may  be  claimed  for 
Joanna  Baillie  that  she  uniformly  keeps  apart  from  the  trite  and 
common-place ;  yet  we  cannot  help  feeling  a  deficiency  of  art,  and 
tact,  and  taste,  alike  in  the  management  of  her  themes  and  the 
structure  of  her  verse."— Moir's  Poet.  Lit.  of  Past  Half-Century. 

Baillie,  John.  A  Letter  to  Dr. ,  in  answer  to  a 

Tract  in  the  Biblio.  Anc.  et  Mod.  Rel.  to  Freind's  Hist. 
Phys.,  1727. 

Baillie,  John,  Prof,  of  Arabic,  etc.  in  the  New  Col 
lege,  Fort  William,  Bengal.  Sixty  Tables  elucidatory  of 
the  1st  part  of  a  Course  of  Lectures  on  the  Grammar  of 
the  Arabic  language,  Calcutta,  1801,  folio. 

Five  Books  upon  Grammar,  together  with  the  principles 
of  Inflection  in  the  Arabic  language ;  collected  from  an 
cient  MSS.,  Calcutta,  1802-03,  2  vols.  4to. 

"  Of  all  the  publications  on  this  department  of  Literature,  these 
are  the  most  useful  and  important."— DR.  ADAM  CLARKE. 

Digest  of  Mohammedan  Law,  according  to  the  Tenets 
of  the  twelve  Imans.  compiled  under  the  Superintendence 
of  Sir  Wm.  Jones,  Calcutta,  1805,  4  vols.  £10  10*. 

';  A  highly  valuable  work." — LOWNDES. 

Baillie,  Marianne.  First  Impressions  on  a  Tour 
upon  the  Continent,  in  the  summer  of  1818,  through  France, 
Italy,  Switzerland,  the  Borders  of  Germany,  and  a  part 
of  French  Flanders,  Lon.,  1819. 

"  Without  being  a  striking,  it  is,  at  least,  a  superior  sort  of  itine 
racy.  The  style  is  easy,  without  being  very  pure,  and  the  whole 
fashion  of  the  performance  is  that  of  &  gentlewomanliLe  sort,  with 
out  those  high  literary  pretensions  which  sometimes  make,  and 
sometimes  mar,  tourists  and  writers  of  other  descriptions."— Lon 
don  Literary  Gazette. 

Lisbon :  Manners  and  Customs  of  Portugal,  1821-2-3 
Lon.,  1825. 

"  These  pleasing  little  volumes,  full  of  feminine  vivacity  in  their 
descriptions,  put  it  in  our  power  to  diversify  the  graver  character 
of  our  Reviews  with  an  entertaining  selection  of  Portuguese  anec 
dotes  and  delineations.  A  residence  of  two  years  and  a  half  in 
the  country,  afforded  sufficient  opportunity  for  studying  the  neo- 
ple  and  observing  their  manners,  and  her  pictures  are  most  pin  uant 
and^original."— London  Literary  Gazette. 

"  This  is  a  very  agreeable  book,  and  a  very  faithful  one  for  we 
are  well  acquainted  with  the  places  which  it  describes,  and  can 
vouch  for  its  fidelity."—  Quarterly  Review. 

Baillie,  Matthew,  M.D.,  1761-1823,  a  very  distin 
guished  physician,  was  the  son  of  the  Rev.  James  Baillie 
D.D.,  and  Dorothea,  sister  of  the  celebrated  William  and 
John  Hunter :  his  sister,  Joanna  Baillie,  became  as  emi 
nent  in  the  walks  of  literature  as  her  brother  in  the  graver 
S"^T^  °f  medical  science.  In  1779  he  was  admitted  of 
Baliol  College,  Oxf.,  where  he  took  his  degree  of  physic 
in  1789.  He  enjoyed  the  great  advantage  of  studying 
under  his  uncle,  William  Hunter.  Upon  the  death  of  the 
latter,  in  1783,  he  succeeded  to  the  Lectures  with  Mr  Cruik 
shank,  and  gained  great  popularity  by  the  clearness  of  his 
demonstrations,  and  his  power  of  simplifying  abstruse 


subjects.  Although  not  successful  for  some  time  in  obtain 
ing  much  practice,  his  merits  gradually,  but  surely,  forced 
his  way,  until  his  fees  were  known  to  amount  in  one  year 
to  £10,000.  His  quickness  of  perception  in  ascertaining 
the  localities  of  disease  made  him  in  great  request  as  a 
consulting  physician.  In  1810  he  was  made  physician  to 
Geo.  III.,  and  a  baronetcy  was  offered  to  him,  but  he  de 
clined  the  honour. 

"  No  one  in  his  day  could  compete  with  him  in  anatomical  know 
ledge,  or  in  an  acquaintance  with  morbid  anatomy,  or  pathology, 
which  of  late  years  has  been  so  successfully  cultivated,  and  which 
must  in  a  degree  be  attributed  to  the  example  and  renown  of 
!  Baillie."— dose's  Biog.  Diet. 

He  was  an  extensive   contributor  to  various   learned 
Transactions.     See  Phil.  Trans.,  1788-89  j  Trans.  Med.  et 
I  Chir.,  1793-1800;  Med.  Trans.,  1813-15.     Dr.  Baillie  pub. 
in  1793,  The  Morbid  Anatomy  of  some  of  the  most  Im 
portant  Parts  of  the  Human  Body. 

"  This  work,  like  every  thing  he  did,  was  modest  and  unpre 
tending,  but  it  was  not  on  that  account  the  less  valued.    A 
j  perfect  knowledge  of  his  subject,  acquired  in  the  midst  of  the  fullest 
j  opportunities,  enabled  him  to  compress  into  a  small  volume  more 
I  accurate  and  more  useful  information  than  will  be  found  in  the 
works  of  Bonetus,  Morgagni,  and  Lieutaud.    This  work  consisted 
j  at  first  of  a  plain  statement  of  facts,  the  description  of  the  appear- 
I  ances  presented  on  dissection,  or  what  could  be  preserved  and  ex 
hibited  ;  and  he  afterwards  added  the  narration  of  symptoms  cor 
responding  with  the  morbid  appearances.    This  was  an  attempt 
of  greater  difficulty,  which  will  require  the  experience  of  successive 
lives  to  perfect."— SIR  CHARLES  BELL. 

The  Appendix  was  pub.  in  1798 ;  the  2d  edition,  corrected 
and  greatly  enlarged,  in  1797 ;  since  which  there  have  been 
many  editions.  Two  years  later  he  pub.  A  Series  of  En 
gravings,  tending  to  illustrate  the  Morbid  Anatomy  of  some 
of  the  most  Important  Parts  of  the  Human  Body,  Fascio. 
LX.,Lon.,  1799-1802.  Royal  4to,  2d  edition,  1812. 

"  His  next  work  was  the  Illustration  of  Morbid  Anatomy,  by  a 
series  of  splendid  engravings ;  creditable  at  once  to  his  own  taste 
and  liberality,  and  to  the  state  of  the  arts  in  this  country.  He 
thus  laid  a  solid  foundation  for  pathology,  and  did  for  his  profession 
what  no  physician  had  done  before  his  time." — SIR  CHARLES  BELL. 
Sir  Walter  Scott  was  tenderly  attached  to  Doctor  Baillie 
and  his  sister  Joanna ;  on  the  death  of  the  Doctor,  he  wrote 
a  most  eloquent  letter  to  the  poetess,  which  see  in  Lock- 
hart's  Life  of  Scott. 

"  We  have,  indeed,  to  mourn  such  a  man  as,  since  medicine  was 
first  esteemed  a  useful  and  honoured  science,  has  rarely  occurred 
to  grace  its  annals,  and  who  will  be  lamented  as  long  as  any  one 
lives  who  has  experienced  the  advantage  of  his  professional  skill, 
and  the  affectionate  kindness  by  which  it  was  accompanied." 

"  We  cannot  estimate  too  highly  the  influence  of  Dr.  Baillie's 
character  on  the  profession  to  which  he  belonged.  I  ought  not, 
perhaps,  to  mention  his  mild  virtues  and  domestic  charities;  yet 
the  recollection  of  these  must  give  a  deeper  tone  to  our  regret,  and" 
will  be  interwoven  with  his  public  character,  embellishing  what 
seemed  to  want  no  addition." — From  Sir  Charles  BeWsMoae  on  Dr 
BaiUie. 

Baillie,  Robert,  1597-1662,  a  Presbyterian  divine 
of  considerable  note,  and  Principal  of  the  University  of 
Glasgow,  published  a  number  of  learned  works,  1633-47, 
and  several  were  pub.  after  his  death.  The  best-known 
of  the  latter  is  his  Letters  and  Journals,  containing  an 
Impartial  Account  of  Public  Transactions,  Civil,  Ecclesi 
astical,  and  Military,  in  England  and  Scotland,  from  1637 
to  1662  :  with  an  Account  of  the  Author's  Life,  and  Glos 
sary.  This  work,  the  best  edition  of  which  was  put  forth 
by  Mr.  Laing  in  1841-43,  in  3  vols.  royal  8vo,  was  first 
given  to  the  public  in  1775,  at  the  recommendation  of  Dr. 
Robertson  and  David  Hume ;  it  contains  much  valuable 
information  respecting  the  Civil  Wars,  and  the  Proceed 
ings  of  the  Westminster  Assembly.  His  Opus  Historicum 
et  Chronologicum,  Amst.,  1663,  is  a  learned  work. 

"  The  author  endeavours  to  give  a  succinct  and  connected  ac 
count  of  sacred  and  profane  history,  from  the  Creation  to  the  Age 
of  Constantine.     He  divides  the  Old  Testament  into  seven  epochas, 
and  the  New  Testament  into  a  number  more.     At  the  end  of  the 
sections,  or  epochas.  he  discusses  a  variety  of  chronological  ques 
tions,  in  which  he  discovers  his  learning  and  acuteness." — ORME. 
Bailly,  James.    Sermons  on  Hosea  ii.  19,  Lon.,  1697. 
Bailly,  J.  S.     Letters  on  the  Atlantis  of  Plato,  and 
Ancient  History  of  Asia,  Ac.,  Lon.,  1801,  2  vols.  8vo. 

Baily,  Caleb.  Life  of  Jesus,  collected  in  the  words 
of  the  English  Version  of  the  New  Testament,  Lon.,  1726. 
Baily,  Francis,  1774-1844,  of  the  Stock  Exchange, 
was  the  founder  of  the  Astronomical  Society  and  the 
principal  contributor  to  its  Memoirs.  1.  Tables  for  the 
Purchasing  and  Renewing  of  Leases,  1802-07-12,  8vo.  2. 
Doctrine  of  Interest  and  Annuities,  1808,  4to.  3.  Doctrine 
of  Life  Annuities  and  Assurances,  1810,  8vo.  4.  Account 
of  several  Life-Assurance  Companies,  1810-11,  8vo.  5. 
Life  of  Flamsteed :  see  FLAMSTEED. 

Baily,  John,  1643-1697,  a  native  of  Lancashire, 
England,  emigrated  to  New  England  in  1684,  and  was 
ordained  minister  of  Watertown  in  1686.  In  1692  he  re- 

101 


BAI 

moved  to  Boston,  where  he  resided  until  his  death.  He 
pub.  an  Address  to  the  people  of  Limerick,  and  a  Sermon 
preached  at  Watertown  in  1689.  His  brother  Thomas 
wrote  some  Latin  odes  at  Lindsay  in  1668,  which  are  in  MS. 
in  the  library  of  the  Mass.  Hist.  Society. 

Bailzie,  or  Baillie,  Wm.,  M.D.,  a  Scottish  physi 
cian  of  the  15th  century,  was  a  defender  of  the  Galenic 
system,  in  preference  to  the  Empiric.  He  wrote  Apologia 
pro  Galeni  doctrina  contra  Empiricos,  Lyons,  1552.  Mac 
kenzie  ascribes  to  him,  De  Quantitate  Syllabarum  Grseca- 
rum  et  de  Dialectis;  pub.  in  1600. 

Bain,  or  Bairn.  Faith's  Reply,  Ac.  Death  of  Col. 
Velly,  1805-06. 

Bain,  Wm.,  R.N.  Variation  of  the  Compass,  181T. 
Bainbridge,  C.  G.  The  Fly  Fisher's  Guide ;  illus 
trated  by  Coloured  Plates,  representing  upwards  of  forty 
of  the  most  useful  Flies,  accurately  copied  from  Nature, 
Liverp.,  1816,  8vo,  15s.  12  copies  coloured  with  great  care, 
Bot  intended  for  sale,  4to,  £2  2*. 

Bainbridge,  John,  1582-1643,  an  eminent  physi 
cian  and  astronomer,  a  student  of  Emanuel  ColL,.  Gam- 
bridge.  In  1619  Sir  Henry  Savile  appointed  him  his  first 
Professor  of  Astronomy  at  Oxford.  He  pub.  An  Astro 
nomical  Description  of  the  late  Comet,  Nov.  18,  1618,  to 
16th  Dec.,  Lon.,  1619.  Procli  sphaera  de  Hypothesibus 
Planetarum  Ptolemaei,  Lon.,  1620.  Canicularia,  Oxf.,  1648. 
"  He  left  all  his  papers  to  Archbishop  Usher.  They  are  now  in 
the  library  of  Trinity  Coll.,  Dublin.  Among  them  are  several  un 
published  works :  1.  A  Theory  of  the  Sun.  2.  A  Theory  of  the 
Moon.  3.  Discourse  concerning  the  period  of  the  year.  4.  Two 
Books  of  Astronomical  Calculations.  5.  Miss.  Papers  on  Math, 
and  Astron.  A  large  collection  of  his  scientific  correspondence, 
with  drafts  of  his  own  letters,  are  also  preserved  in  the  same 
library ;  including  some  from  Edward  Wright,  one  of  the  most 
celebrated  astronomers  of  his  day,  and,  we  believe,  the  only  me 
morials  of  him  that  are  now  extant."  See  Smith's  Vita  Erudit. ; 
Biog.  Brit;  Athen.  Oxon.;  Hose's  Biog.  Diet. 

Bainbridge,  Wm.  A  Practical  Treatise  on  the  Law 
of  Mines  and  Minerals,  Lon.,  1841. 

"  The  author,  a  resident  in  the  mining  district,  has  the  honour 
of  first  producing  a  regular  legal  treatise- upon  the  law  of  mines. 
The  work  is  ably  written,  and  deserves  to  be  more  generally  known 
in  this  country,  [America,]  where  the  enterprise  of  the  people  has 
already  opened  so  many  sources  of  mineral  wealth." — Marvin's 
Legal  BiU. 

Baine,  Bernard.  Con.  to  Med.  Obs.  &  Inq.,  1762. 
Baine,  Duncan.  Con.  to  Ed.  Med.  Ess.  1736. 
Baine, James.  Sermon,1758.  Discourses,  Edin.,1778. 
Baine,  Paul.  Mirror  of  God's  Love.  ASer.,Lon.,1619. 
Baines,  Edward,  1774-1848,  b.  at  Ripon,  Yorkshire. 
History  of  the  Wars  of  the  French  Revolution,  1814,  con 
tinued  under  the  title  of  a  History  of  the  Reign  of  George 
the  Third.  History,  Directory,  and  Gazetteer  of  the  County 
of  York,  1822,  '23.     A  similar  work  for  the  county  of  Lan 
caster,  1824,  '25.      Enlarged  as  a  History  of  the  County 
Palatine  and  Duchy  of  Lancaster,  1836.     See  Life  by  his 
son,  E.  B.,  1851.     In  1801,  he  purchased  the  copyright  of 
the  Leeds  Mercury,  which  he  pub.  until  his  death. 

Baines,  Edward,  b.  1800,  son  of  the  preceding. 
History  of  the  Cotton  Manufacture,  1835,  8vo.  He  became 
a  partner  in  the  Leeds  Mercury  in  1827,  which  he  has  con 
tinued  to  conduct  since  his  father's  death. 

Baines,  John,  1786P-1835,  a  mathematician  of  note, 
who  contributed  largely  to  the  mathematical  periodicals 
of  the  day.  See  the  name  in  Rose's  Biog.  Diet.,  where 
will  be  found  an  interesting  paper  upon  the  subject  of 
mathematical  studies  in  England  during  the  last  century. 
Baines,  John.  Danger  to  the  Faith,  [on  the  Papal 
Aggression,]  Lon.,  1850. 

Baines,  John,  or  Edward.  Essay  on  Fate,  1806. 
Wars  of  the  French  Revolution,  1816-18. 

Baines,  Thomas,  b.  1802,  son  of  Edward  Baines, 
for  many  years  editor  of  the  Liverpool  Times.  History  of 
the  Commerce  of  the  Town  of  Liverpool,  1852,  Lon.,  r. 
8vo.  Scenery  and  Events  in  South  Africa,  Part  1,  fol. 

Baird,  Robert,  D.D.,  b.  1798,  in  Fayette  county, 
Pennsylvania,  has  become  widely  known  in  America  and 
Europe  by  his  labours  for  the  extension  of  the  Protestant 
religion.  Dr.  Baird  has  published  a  number  of  works, 
some  of  which  have  been  translated  into  foreign  tongues. 
A  View  of  the  Valley  of  the  Mississippi,  Phila.,  1832. 
History  of  the  Temperance  Societies :  in  French,  Paris, 
1836 ;  translated  into  German,  Dutch,  Swedish,  Finnish, 
and  Russian.  A  View  of  Religion  in  America,  Glasgow, 
1842 :  translated  into  French,  German,  Dutch,  and  Swed 
ish.  Protestantism  in  Italy,  Boston,  1845.  The  Christian 
Retrospect  and  Register,  New  York,  1851.  See  Men  of 
the  Time.  History  of  the  Waldenses,  Albigenses,  and 
A^audois.  Visit  to  Northern  Europe.  Besides  these  and  a 
102 


BAR 

few  other  works,  Dr.  Baird  has  been  an  extensive  con 
tributor  to  periodical  literature,  and  has  embodied  the  re 
sults  of  his  observation  in  foreign  countries  in  popular 
lectures,  which  have  been  frequently  delivered  in  several 
of  the  larger  cities  of  the  United  States.  Sketches  of 
Protestantism  in  Italy,  Past  and  Present;  including  a 
Notice  of  the  Origin,  History,  and  Present  State  of  the 
Waldenses,  new  edition,  much  improved,  portrait  of  the 
Duchess  of  Ferrara,  12mo. 

"  A  most  interesting  volume,  which  has  had  great  success  in 
America.  The  present  edition  contains  many  important  additions, 
collected  during  the  author's  third  Tisit  to  Italy  in  Dec.,  1846,  and 
now  first  published." 

Dr.  Baird's  sons  inherit  the  literary  taste  of  their  father. 
The  Rev.  Chas.  W.  Baird  had  charge  of  a  Protestant  chapel 
at  Rome,  and  another  son  has  gained  distinction  by  his 
proficiency  in  Greek  literature. 

Baird,  Spencer  F.,  b.  1823,  at  Reading,  Penn.,Prof. 
Nat.  Sci.,  Dickinson  Coll.  Asst.  Sec.  Smithsonian  Inst. 
The  able  editor  and  translator  of  the  Iconographic  En 
cyclopedia,  4  vols.  8vo,  2  vols.  plates,  500  steel  plates,  N. 
York,  1851.  Author  of  various  minor  papers  on  Zoology, 
and  of  reports  on  Natural  History  collections  made  by 
Capt.  Stansbury,  Capt.  Marcy,  Lieut.  Gilliss,  the  U.S. 
and  Mexican  Boundary  Survey,  and  the  Pacific  R.R. 
Survey. 

Baird,  Thomas.  Gen.  View  of  the  Agriculture  of 
the  county  of  Middlesex,  <fec.,  Lon.,  1793,  4to. 

"  The  matter  is  well  arranged,  and  very  sensibly  expressed.  It 
was  the  first  report  of  the  county  of  Middlesex,  and  was  followed 
by  those  of  Foot  and  Middleton." — Donaldson's  Agricult.  Biog. 

Baird,  Thomas.  A  Treatise  on  the  laws  of  Scot> 
land,  relative  to  master  and  servant,  and  master  and  ap 
prentice,  Edin.,  1841. 

"  A  learned,  elaborate,  carefully  written,  and  authoritative  trea 
tise."—  Marvin's  Legal  BiU. 

Bairdy,  John.     Balm  from  Gilead,  Lon.,  1681. 

Bairn,  John.     See  BAIN. 

Baitman,  Geo.  The  Arrow  of  the  Almighty  shot 
against  the  Uncalled  Ministers  of  England,  Lon. 

Baker.     On  Small  Pox.     Mem.  Med.,  1792. 

Baker,  Aaron.     Sermon,  2  Sam.  xv.  31,  Lon.,  1678. 

Baker,  Anne.  Glossary  of  Northamptonshire,  2 
vols.  p.  8vo. 

Baker,  Arthur.     Sermons  on  Holy  Joy,  Lon.,  1847. 

Baker,  Benj.  Franklin,  b.  1811,  in  Massachusetts. 
Musical  Author.  Ed.  Choral,  Timbrel,  Haydn,  Union 
Glee-Book,  Theory  of  Harmony,  School  Chimes,  <fec.  Ac. 

Baker,  Charles,  superintendent  of  the  Yorkshire  In 
stitution  for  the  Deaf  and  Dumb  at  Doncaster,  England. 
His  contributions  to  the  Penny  Cyclopedia  in  1835  on  the 
Deaf,  Dumb,  and  Blind,  and  to  the  publications  of  the  Soc. 
for  the  Diffusion  of  Useful  Knowledge,  have  been  pub 
lished  in  1  vol.  8vo. 

Baker,  D.  Poems,  Hicathrift;  duellum,etc.,Lon.,1697. 

Baker,  D.  B.  Nature  and  causes  of  doubt  in  reli 
gious  questions,  (Anon.,)  Lon.,  1831.  Discourses  to  a  Vil 
lage  Congregation,  Lon.,  1832. 

Baker,  Daniel.  Relation  of  some  of  the  cruel  suf 
ferings  of  Kath.  Evans,  and  Sar.  Chevers,  in  the  Inquisi 
tion  at  Malta,  Lon.,  1662. 

Baker,  Daniel,  D.D.,  Prest.  of  Austin  College,  Texas, 
a  Presbyterian  minister.  Affectionate  Address  to  Mothers, 
Phila.,  18mo.  Affectionate  Address  to  Fathers,  ISmo.  A 
Plain  and  Scriptural  View  of  Baptism,  ISmo.  Revival 
Sermons,  12mo ;  1st  and  2d  series.  The  3d  ed.  of  the  First 
Series  was  pub.  in  1855. 

Baker,  David,  or  Father  Augustin,  1575-1641, 
made  collections  for  ecclesiastical  history,  which  are  sup 
posed  to  be  lost.  Reyner's  Apostolatus  Benedictoruin  in 
Anglia  is  said  to  be  chiefly  derived  from  Baker's  MSS. 
Hugh  Cressy's  Church  History  owes  much  to  the  labours 
of  Baker.  Cressy  pub.  at  Doway,  1657,  Sancta  Sophia, 
or  Directions  for  the  Prayer  of  Contemplation,  extracted 
out  of  the  treatises  written  by  F.  Aug.  Baker. 

Baker,  David  Erskine,  d.  1767  ?  was  the  first  com 
piler  of  the  Biographia  Dramatica,  which  appeared  in  2 
vols.,  1764.  It  was  continued  to  1782  by  Isaac  Reed,  and 
brought  down  to  the  end  of  November,  1811,  by  Stephen 
Jones.  The  whole  work  is  comprised  in  three  volumes, 
bound  in  four,  Lon.,  1812.  He  was  also  the  author  of 
some  fugitive  poetry,  of  The  Muse  of  Ossian,  Edin.,  1763, 
and  of  some  papers  in  the  Phil.  Trans.,  1747-54.  He  was 
a  grandson  of  the  celebrated  Daniel  Defoe.  For  a  severe 
critique,  by  Octavius  Gilchrist,  on  the  enlarged  edition  of 
the  Biographia  Dramatica,  see  the  Quarterly  Review,  vu. 
283-93 :  this  was  answered  by  Jones  in  a  pamphlet  enti 
tled  Hypercriticism  Exposed,  1812. 


BAK 

Baker,  Ezekiel.    A  work  on  Rifle  Guns,  Lon.,  1805. 

Baker,  Geoffrey,  a  monk  of  Oseney,  trans,  into 
Latin,  in  1347,  Thomas  De  La  More's  French  History  of 
the  reigns  of  Edward  I.  and  Edward  II.  Camden  pub 
lished  his  chronicle.— TANNER. 

Baker,  George,  d.  1599?  surgeon  in  ordinary  to 
Queen  Elizabeth,  pub.  a  number  of  professional  works, 
1574-79,  and  trans,  into  English,  from  the  French,  the 
Apologie  and  Voyages  of  Ambrose  Pare. 

Baker,  George,  Archdeacon  of  Totness,  and  father 
of  Sir  Geo.  Baker,  the  distinguished  physician.  The  Re 
spect  due  to  a  Church  of  God,  1  Cor.  xi.  22,  1733. 

Baker,  George.  Trans.  The  History  of  Rome,  by 
Titus  Livius,  Lon.,  1797.  The  Unitarian  Refuted,  1818. 

Baker,  George.  Navy  of  England,  and  other 
Poems,  1807,  Ac. 

Baker,  George.  History  and  Antiquities»of  North 
amptonshire,  2  vols.  in  4  parts.  Imp.  folio,  1822-36, 
large  paper,  pub.  at  £25  4*. ;  small  paper  at  £12  12*. 

"  One  of  the  most  valuable  topographical  works  ever  published, 
displaying  the  most  minute  research  aud  industry." — LOWNDES  : 
Notice  of  Parts  I.  and  II. 

Part  IV.,  being  the  first  of  vol.  ii.,  was  pub.  in  1836. 
This  portion  comprises  the  whole  of  the  two  Hundreds  of 
Norton  and  Cleley,  the  former  containing  nine  parishes, 
and  the  latter  thirteen.  It  also  contains  a  variety  of  other 
interesting  and  valuable  matter.  Part  V.  was  published 
in  1841.  This  is  but  a  fragment,  a  third  of  one  of  the 
usual  numbers ;  yet  embracing  the  entire  history  of  the 
Hundred  of  Towcester. 

"  The  History  of  Northamptonshire  has  not  been  exempt  from 
the  usual  difficulties  appertaining  to  works  of  a  topographical  na 
ture,  yet.  under  all  hinderances,  it  has  gradually,  though  slowly, 
progressed,  whilst  each  successive  portion  has  been  as  ably  pro 
duced  ;  and  each  has  been  made  as  singularly  valuable  as  the  pre 
ceding  ones,  for  its  manorial  history,  for  the  accurate  fulness  of 
its  pedigrees,  [in  which  matter  Mr.  Baker  had  to  contend  with 
great  difficulties,]  and  for  the  comprehensive  account  of  the  respect 
ive  parishes  or  hamlets  that  were  brought  under  review." — Lon. 
Gent.  Mag.,  1841. 

See  this  periodical  for  an  interesting  account  of  the  dis 
couragements  under  which  Mr.  Baker  found  himself 
placed.  At  the  time  of  the  publication  of  Part  V.  he  had 
suffered  a  loss  of  no  less  than  220  subscribers  since  he 
first  issued  his  prospectus.  The  arduous  labours  of  such 
able  and  indefatigable  topographers  should  be  encouraged 
by  hearty  co-operation  and  a  spirit  of  prompt  liberality. 

Baker,  Sir  George,  Bart.,  M.D.,  1722-1809,  was 
the  son  of  the  Rev.  George  Baker,  archdeacon  and  regis 
trar  of  Totness.  He  was  entered  at  King's  College,  Cam 
bridge,  in  1742,  and  took  the  degree  of  M.D.  in  1756. 
He  was  honoured  by  the  appointment  of  physician  in  or 
dinary  to  Queen  Charlotte,  and  afterwards  to  Geo.  III. 

Sir  George  was  eminent  as  a  classical  scholar;  both  his 
Latin  and  English  compositions  have  been  highly  com 
mended  by  severe  judges.  He  pub.  Dissertatio  de  Affec- 
tibus  Animi,  Cantab.,  1755.  Oratio  Haveriana,  Lon., 
1755,  1761.  Calci  Oratione,  Lon.,  1761.  De  Catarrho  et 
de  Dysenteria  Londinensi  Epidemicis  utrisque,  1762.  An 
Inquiry  into  the  Merits  of  a  Method  of  Inoculation  of  the 
Small  Pox,  which  is  now  practised  in  several  of  the  coun 
ties  of  England,  Lon.,  1766.  An  Essay  concerning  the 
cause  of  the  Endemial  Colic  of  Devonshire,  Lon.,  1767. 
Opuscula  Medica,  iterum  edita,  Lon.,  1771.  He  also  con 
tributed  to  Med.  Obs.  and  Inq.,  1762,  78,  and  85;  and  to 
Med.  Trans.,  1785. 

"  He  died  in  his  88th  year,  after  having  passed  a  long  life  with 
out  any  of  those  infirmities  from  which  he  had  relieved  thousands 
in  the  course  of  his  practice ;  and  died  so  easily,  and  apparently 
so  free  from  pain,  that  the  remarkable  words  of  Cicero  may  be  said 
of  him,  Non  iUifuit  vita  erepta,  sed  mors  donata :  '  He  was  not  de- 

g rived  of  life,  but  presented  with  death.'  'Dieu',  says  Bishop 
ossuet,  on  the  death  of  a  great  man, '  ria,  pas  lui  ote  la  vie,  mais 
lui  a  fait  un  present  de  la  mart.'  No  man,  perhaps,  ever  followed 
the  career  of  physic,  and  the  elegant  paths  of  the  Greek  and  Ro 
man  Muses,  for  the  space  of  several  years,  with  more  success  than 
Sir  George  Baker ;  the  proofs  of  which  may  be  seen  in  his  pub 
lished  and  unpublished  works,  the  splendour  of  his  fortune,  the 
esteem,  respect,  and  admiration  of  his  contemporaries." — Nichols's 
Literary  Anecdotes,  vol.  iii. 

Baker,  Henry,  1703-1774,  a  learned  naturalist,  with 
some  pretensions  as  a  poet.  An  Invocation  to  Health ;  a 
Poem,  Lon.,  1722.  Original  Poems,  1725-26.  The  Mi 
croscope  made  easy,  a  work  highly  commended,  Lon., 
1743:  several  editions;  trans,  into  German,  Amst.,  1744. 
Employment  for  the  Microscope,  Lon.,  1753.  The  Uni 
verse;  a  Philosophical  Poem,  intended  to  restrain  the 
pride  of  Man  :  often  reprinted.  He  contributed  to  the 
Lin.  Trans.,  1740 ;  to  the  Phil.  Trans.,  1744,  '48,  '50,  '55, 
'57,  and  '60.  Mr.  Baker  was  very  successful  in  imparting 
knowledge  to  the  deaf  and  dumb,  of  which  art  he  made  a 
profession.  He  married  the  youngest  daughter  of  Daniel 


BAK 

Defoe.     The  Bakerian  Lecture  of  the  Royal  Society  was 
founded  by  this  gentleman. 

Baker,  Henry,  son  of  the  preceding,  wrote  Essays, 
Pastoral  and  Elegiac,  Lon.,  1756. 

Baker,  Humphrey.  The  Weil-Spring  of  Science, 
Lon.,  1562  :  a  very  popular  work  on  arithmetic. 

"  Of  all  werks  on  arithmetic  prior  to  the  publication  of  Cocker's 
celebrated  book  on  the  same  subject,  (1668,)  this  of  Baker's  ap 
proaches  nearest  to  the  masterpiece  of  that  celebrated  arithmetician. 
...  It  continued  to  be  constantly  reprinted  till  1687,  the  latest 
edition  we  have  met  with."— Rose's  Biog.  Diet. 

He  translated  from  the  French,  Rules  and  Documents 
concerning  the  Use  and  Practice  of  the  Common  Alma 
nacs,  Lon.,  1587. 

Baker,  J.  His.  of  the  Inquisition  in  Spain,  &c^ 
Weston,  1734. 

Baker,  J.  B.  Grammar  of  Moral  Philos.  and  N. 
Theol.,1811. 

Baker,  James.  Guide  of  Wales,  1795.  Imperial  Guide. 

Baker,  John.  Lectures  upon  the  Articles,  Lon., 
1581-3-4. 

Baker,  John  W.  Experiments  in  Agricult.,  vol.  vi. 
1665,  8vo. 

Baker,  Osman  C.,b.  1812,  at  Marlow,  N.H.,  Bishop 
M.  E.  Church.  1.  Discipline  of  the  M.  E.  Church,  12mo, 
pp.  253.  2.  Last  Witness,  24mo,  pp.  108. 

JBaker,Peter.  Exposition  on  Acts  xi.  27-30,Lon.,1597. 

Baker,  Rachel.     Sermons  del'd  during  Sleep,  1815. 

Baker,  Richard.     Idea  of  Arithmetick,  Lon.,  1655. 

Baker,  Richard,  Chap,  to  the  Brit.  Residents  at 
Hamburg.  The  German  Pulpit:  being  a  Selection  of 
Sermons  by  the  most  eminent  modern  Divines  of  Ger 
many,  Lon.,  1829. 

Baker,  Richard,  pub.  several  theolog.  works,  Lon., 
1782-1811.  The  Psalms  of  David  Evangelized,  1811. 

"  A  practical  work,  adapted  to  the  use  of  serious  people ;  ena 
bling  them  to  read  the  Psalms  with  understanding  and  devotion. 
...  It  will  be  found  both  pleasant  and  profitable  to  pious  per 
sons." — Evangelical  Magazine. 

Baker,  Sir  Richard,  1568F-1645,  the  grandson  of 
Sir  John  Baker,  chancellor  of  the  exchequer  to  Henry  VIII., 
was  born  at  Sissingherst,  in  Kent.  In  1584  he  was  en 
tered  as  commoner  at  Hart  Hall  in  Oxford,  where  he  re 
mained  for  three  years.  In  1603  he  was  knighted  by  King 
James  I.  He  married  a  daughter  of  Sir  George  Mainwar- 
ing  of  Ightfield,  in  Shropshire ;  and  becoming  surety  for 
the  obligations  of  some  members  of  this  family,  he  was 
stripped  of  his  property,  and  thrown  into  the  Fleet  prison, 
where  he  remained  until  his  death. 

He  turned  author  in  the  hope  of  soothing  his  sorrows, 
profitably  employing  his  time,  and  providing  for  his  ne 
cessities.  His  earliest  work  bears  date  1636,  when  the 
author  was  67  or  68  years  of  age.  It  is  entitled  Cato  Va- 
riegatus,  or  Cato's  Moral  Distiches  varied.  This  is  a  poem. 
In  addition  to  his  "  Chronicle,"  of  which  we  shall  speak 
presently,  he  published  a  number  of  other  works,  the  prin 
cipal  of  which  are :  Meditations  and  Disquisitions  on  the 
Lord's  Prayer,  1637.  This  attained  its  4th  edition  in  1640. 
Sir  Henry  Wotton,.  his  quondam  fellow-stud«nt,  examined 
this  work  in  MS.,,  and  spoke  of  it  in  the  following  hand 
some  manner : 

1 "  I  much  admire  the  very  character  of  your  style,  which  seemeth 
to  me  to  have  not  a  little  of  the  African  idea  of  S.  Austin's  Age ; 
full  of  sweet  raptures,  and  of  researching  conceits ;  nothing  bor 
rowed,  nothing  vulgar,  and  yet  all  flowing  from  you  (I  know  not 
how)  with  a  certain  equal  facility." 

Meditations  and  Disquisitions  on  the  three  last  Psalms 
of  David,  1639.  On  the  50th  Psalm ;  the  7  Penitential 
Psalms ,-  the  first  Psalm ;  the  seven  Consolatory  Psalms, 
1639-1640.  Med.  and  Prayers  on  the  7  days  of  the  week, 
1640.  Apology  for  Laymen's  writing  Divinity,  1641. 
Theatrum  Redivivum,  in  answer  to  Mr.  Piynne's  Histrio- 
Mastrix,  1662.  Theatrum  Triumphans.  The  two  last  are 
ascribed  to  him,  though  not  pub.  until  after  his  death.  It 
is  supposed  that  Archbishop  Williams  purchased  our  au 
thor's  books  for  £500.  He  made  some  translations  from 
the  French  and  Italian;. 

Sir  Richard  is  best  known  by  the-  Chronicle  of  the  Kings 
of  England,  (1641,)  which  was  the  historical  treasury  of 
our  ancestors  before  the  publication  of  Rapin's  History. 
It  was  repub.  in  1653  and  1658.  To  the  last  edition  was 
added  the  reign  of  Cha-rlea  I.,  with  a  continuation  to  1658, 
by  Edward  Phillips,  nephew  to  Milton.  A  fourth  edition 
appeared  in  1665,  with  a  continuation  to  the  coronation  of 
Charles  II.  The  Account  of  the  Restoration  was  princi 
pally  written  by  Sir  Thomas  Clarges,  (brother-in-law  of 
the  Duke  of  Albemarle,)  though  adopted  by  Phillips. 
|  Thomas  Blouat  published  a  severe  criticism  upon  the 
i  work,  unde-r  the  title  of  Animadversions  upon  Sir  Richard 


BAK 

Baker's  Chronicle  and  its  Continuation,  which  Anthony 
Wood  considered  to  be  well  deserved : 

"  But  so  it  was,  that  the  Author  Baker,  and  his  continuator 
Phillips,  having  committed  very  many  errors,  Thorn.  Blount  pub. 
Animadversions,  &c.  .  .  which  book  containing  only  a  specimen  of 
the  errors,  it  may  easily  be  discerned  what  the  whole  Chronicle  j 
containeth."— Athen.  Oxon. 

Another  ed.  1684.  Another  abridged,  and  a  continua 
tion  to  1726,  was  pub.  1730.  In  all,  12  editions  have  been 
printed.  Another  in  1733,  called  the  best  edition,  but  it 
lacks  many  curious  papers  contained  in  the  early  editions, 
especially  in  the  first  ed.,  (1641.) 

Thomas  Blount  was  not  the  only  censurer  of  Sir  Rich 
ard's  Chronicle.  Bishop  Nicolson  remarks  that 

"  The  author  was  a  person  of  those  accomplishments  in  wit  and 
language,  that  his  Chronicle  has  been  the  best  read  and  liked  of 
any  hitherto  published ;  the  method  is  new,  and  seems  to  please 
the  rabble ;  but  learned  men  will  be  of  another  opinion." — Histori 
cal  Library,  Part  i. 

"It  is  a  very  mean  and  jejune  performance;  and  nowise  to  be 
relied  upon."— Biog.  Brit. 

"Being  reduced  to  method,  and  not  according  to  time,  pur 
posely  to  please  gentlemen  and  novices,  many  chief  things  to  be  ob 
served  therein,  as  name,  time,  &c.  are  egr'egiously  false,  and  con 
sequently  breed  a  great  deal  of  confusion  in  the  peruser,  especially 
if  he  be  curious  or  critical." — A.  WOOD. 

In  utter  contempt  of  the  critics,  edition  after  edition 
appeared,  with  all  the  old  blunders  and  erroneous  dates 
repeated.  The  edition  of  1730  contains  corrections  of 
Baker's  errors ;  but  then  Phillips's  continuation  is  corrected, 
many  public  places,  lists  of  names,  &c.  being  omitted,  or 
the  substance  only  of  them  given.  So  we  say  with  the 
Hebrew  of  ancient  time — "  The  old  is  better." 

Bishop  Nicolson  complains  that 

"  So  little  regard  have  we  for  truth,  if  a  story  be  but  handsomely 
told,  the  chronicle  has  been  reprinted  since  that  time,  and  sells  as 
well  as  ever  notwithstanding  that  no  notice  is  taken  of  the  ani 
madversions,  but  all  the  old  faults  remain  uncorrected." 

It  was  a  great  book  for  the  country  squire's  round-table ; 
the  companion  of  the  Family  Bible,  the  dog-eared,  pie- 
crusted  Shakspeare,  and  Fox's  Book  of  Martyrs.  Sir 
Roger  de  Coverley  knew  and  loved  it,  for  Addison  tells  us 
that  he  found 

"  Since  I  was  with  him  in  the  country,  he  had  drawn  many  ob 
servations  together,  out  of  his  reading  in  Baker's  Chronicle." — 
Spectator,  No.  269. 

But  Daines  Barrington  seems  to  think  that  this  notice 
did  not  benefit  Baker's  reputation  any : 

"  Baker  is  by  no  means  so  contemptible  a  writer  as  he  is  gene 
rally  supposed  to  be :  it  is  believed  that  the  ridicule  on  his  Chroni 
cle,  arises  from  its  being  part  of  the  furniture  of  Sir  Roger  de 
Coverley's  hall  in  one  of  the  Spectators." 

But  who  doubts  that  this  notice  by  Addison  has  sold 
many  hundreds  of  copies  since  ?  Nay,  who  does  not  feel  a 
violent  desire  to  possess  the  book  himself,  when  he  is  told 
that  the  good  Sir  Roger  thumbed  its  pages,  and  drew  from 
them  his  "  many  observations  ?" 

How  Dibdin  can  so  misrepresent  Anthony  Wood  as  to 
charge  him  impliedly  with  commending  Baker's  work,  we 
cannot  understand.  Anthony  Wood  does  any  thing  else, 
as  we  have  just  shown  ;  and  as  the  reader  will  see  at  large 
by  referring  to  the  Athen.  Oxon.  Dibdin  likewise  does 
great  injustice  to  Baker  in  presuming  that  he  was  "  a  gay 
and  imprudent  man,"  because  he  died  in  the  Fleet  prison. 
Imprudence,  indeed,  of  one  description  brought  him  into 
the  prison ;  but  not  that  kind  of  imprudence  for  which  gay 
men  are  generally  reproached. 

Baker  made  no  secret  of  his  opinion  as  to  the  merits  of 
his  Chronicle.  He  was  not  like  some  authors  who  apologize 
for  writing  until  we  wonder  why  they  have  written,  and 
then  deplore  their  many  faults,  until  we  marvel  they  have 
not  thrown  their  hooka  into  the  fire.  On  the  contrary, 
Sir  Richard  assures  us  that  his 

"  Chronicle  was  collected  with  so  great  care  and  diligence,  that 
if  all  other  of  our  Chronicles  were  lost,  this  only  would  be  suffi 
cient  to  inform  posterity  of  all  passages  memorable  or  worthy  to 
be  known." 

Having  thus  kindly  dispelled  any  fears  which  the  world 
might  entertain  of  the  consequences  of  a  general  literary 
conflagration,  Sir  Richard  goes  on  in  the  same  liberal 
spirit,  to  assure  his  readers  that  he  gives  them  "  all  pas 
sages  of  State  and  Church ;"  and  determined  to  satisfy 
every  craving  for  information  however  extravagant,  he 
promises  to  record  "all  other  observations  proper  for  a 
Chronicle."  This  is  tolerably  liberal ;  but  nothing  is  too 
large  for  Sir  Richard's  charity.  What  entertainment  did 
that  Goth  of  a  son-in-law  of  his  keep  from  us — that  "  one 
Smith,"  as  he  is  contemptuously  denominated,  and  rightly 
enough, — when  with  unhallowed  hands  he  destroyed  Sir 
Richard's  autobiography  ! 

Fuller  speaks  of  him  affectionately : 

"  His  youth  he  spent  in  learning,  the  benefit  whereof  he  reaped 
in  his  old  age,  when  his  estate  through  suretyship  (as  I  have  heard  i 
104 


BAK 

him  complain)  was  very  much  impaired.  But  God  may  smile  on 
them  on  whom  the  world  doth  frown;  whereof  his  pious  old  age 
was  a  memorable  instance,  when  the  storm  on  his  estate  forced 
him  to  fly  for  shelter  to  his  studies  and  devotions,  lie  wrote  au 
'  Exposition  on  the  Lord's  Prayer,'  which  is  co-rival  with  the  best 
comments  which  professed  divines  have  written  on  that  subject  " 
—  Worthies. 

Baker,  Robt.,  d.  1580  ?  wrote  in  verse  an  account  of 
two  voyages  he  made  to  Guinea  in  1562-63.  See  Hakluyt's 
Collection. 

Baker,  Robert.     Cursus  Osteologicus,  Lon.,  1697. 

Baker,  Robert.  Witticisms  and  Strokes  of  Hu 
mour,  1766. 

Baker,  S.   Manners  and  Gust,  of  the  Turks,  Lon.,  1796. 

Baker,  Saml.     Sermons,  pub.  1710-29. 

Baker,  Saml.     Rebellion ;  Ser.  on  Mark  vii.  13, 1745. 

Baker,  S.  W.  1.  Eight  Years'  Wanderings  in  Ceylon, 
Lon.,  1856,  Svo.  2.  The  Rifle  and  the  Hound  in  Ceylon,  Svo. 

Baker,  T.     Poem  on  Winter,  &c.,  1767. 

Baker,  Thomas,  Rector  of  Stanmercum-Falmer, 
Sussex.  Sermons  extracted  from  the  Lectures  of  Bishop 
Porteus,  intended  for  the  use  of  the  younger  clergy  and 
for  families,  Lon.,  1817. 

Baker,  Thomas,  1625-1690,  an  English  mathema 
tician  of  note,  born  at  Ilton  in  Somersetshire,  entered  at 
Oxford  in  1640.  He  pub.  The  Geometrical  Key,  or  the 
Gate  of  Equations  Unlocked,  Lon.,  1684.  This  work  was 
highly  valued  both  at  home  and  abroad.  An  edition  was 
pub.  in  Latin. 

"  Baker  discovered  a  rule  or  method  for  determining  the  centre 
of  a  circle,  which  shall  cut  a  given  parabola  in  as  many  points  as 
a  given  equation,  to  be  constructed,  has  real  roots.  This  method 
is  generally  known  as  the  central  rule.  The  central  rule  is  founded 
on  this  principle  of  the  parabola :  that  if  a  line  be  inscribed  in  the 
curve  perpendicular  to  any  diameter,  the  rectangle  of  the  segments 
of  this  line  is  equal  to  the  rectangle  of  the  intercepted  part  of  the 
diameter  and  the  parameter  of  the  axis." — Hose's  Biog.  Diet. 

Baker,  Thomas,  1656-1740,  a  learned  antiquary, 
was  born  at  Crook,  in  the  parish  of  Lancaster,  in  the  Bi 
shopric  of  Durham.  In  1674  he  was  entered  at  St.  John's 
College,  Cambridge,  and  in  1679  became  a  Fellow  of  the 
college ;  in  1686  he  was  ordained  priest  by  Bishop  Barlow. 
He  accepted  the  post  of  chaplain  to  Crew,  Bishop  of  Dur 
ham,  who  gave  him,  in  1687,  the  rectory  of  Long  Newton. 
He  proved  his  conscientiousness  by  refusing  to  read  the 
deolaration  of  indulgence  of  James  II.,  and  afterwards 
by  declining  to  take  the  oaths  to  the  new  government.  In 
1717,  with  twenty-one  others,  he  was  deprived  of  his  fel 
lowship.  After  this  event,  he  was  accustomed  to  add  to 
his  signature  Socius  Ejectus.  He  continued  to  reside  in 
his  college  as  a  commoner-master  until  his  death.  Having 
now  time  and  opportunities  for  study,  he  devoted  himself 
to  investigations  in  history,  biography,  and  antiquities, 
with  a  zeal  seldom  witnessed.  So  extensive  were  his  in 
quiries,  and  so  liberal  was  he  in  his  communications  of 
their  results,  that 

"  There  is  scarcely  a  work  in  the  department  of  English  History, 
Biography,  and  Antiquities,  that  appeared  in  his  time,  in  which 
we  do  not  find  acknowledgments  of  the  assistance  which  had 
been  received  from  Mr.  Baker.  "\Ve  may  mention,  particularly,  Dr. 
Walker,  in  his  Account  of  the  Sufferings  of  the  Clergy;  Burnet; 
Dr.  John  Smith,  the  editor  of  Bede ;  Dr.  Knight,  in  his  Life  of 
Erasmus ;  Browne  Willis ;  Francis  Peck ;  Dr.  Ward,  in  his  Lives 
of  the  Gresham  Professors;  Dr.  Richardson,  in  his  work  on  the 
Lives  of  the  English  Bishops ;  Ames  in  his  Typographical  Antiqui 
ties  ;  Lewis,  in  his  History  of  the  English  Translations  of  the  Bible ; 
Strype  and  Hearne,  in  many  of  their  works." — Rose's  Biog.  Did. 

He  made  large  transcriptions  from  historical  and  other 
documents ;  23  vols.  of  MSS.  he  gave  to  the  Earl  of  Ox 
ford.  These  form  part  of  the  Harleian  MSS.,  (Brit.  Mu 
seum,  7028  to  7050.)  He  also  left  19  vols.  of  his  MSS.  to 
the  public  library  at  Cambridge.  Mr.  Baker  published 
but  one  work,  Reflections  on  Learning,  showing  the  insuf 
ficiency  thereof  in  its  several  particulars,  in  order  to  evince 
the  usefulness  and  necessity  of  Revelation,  Lon.,  1710. 
This  work  went  through  eight  editions,  and  was  one  of 
the  most  popular  books  in  the  language.  The  author  has 
a  curious  passage  on  philosophy,  which  we  quote  : 

"  Since  Aristotle's  philosophy  has  been  exploded  in  the  schools, 
under  which  we  had  more  peace,  and  possibly  almost  as  much  truth 
as  we  have  had  since,  we  have  not  been  able  to  fix  any  more,  but 
have  been -wavering  from  one  point  to  another." 

Mr.  Bosworth,  m  his  Method  of  Study,  ranks  this  work 
among  the  classics  for  purity  of  style ;  but  different  views 
have  been  expressed : 

"  Though  the  style  is  perspicuous  and  manly,  it  can  scarcely  be 
applauded  as  rising  to  any  degree  of  elegance.  It  is,  undoubtedly, 
in  several  respects,  a  work  of  very  considerable  merit." 

Great  disappointment  was  felt  that  Mr.  Baker  did  not 
complete  his  design  of  writing  an  Athence  Cantabrigiensi- 
bus,  on  the  plan  of  Wood's  Athence  Oxoniensia.  His  MSS. 
collections  relative  to  the  history  and  antiquities  of  the 


BAR 


BAL 


University  of  Cambridge  amounted  to  39  vols.  in  folio, 
and  3  in  4to  :  (in  British  Museum,  and  Pub.  Lib.  of  Camb. 
See  above.)  Has  Cambridge  no  son  with  sufficient  zeal  to 
undertake  the  still-neglected  duty  of  an  Athen.  Cantab.  ? 
Baker  was  a  striking  instance  of  the  truth  of  Hearne's 
complaint  of  the  students  of  monuments  and  records,  quoted 
by  Dr.  Johnson  in  the  Rambler.  —  Biog.  Brit. 

"  As  their  employment  consists  first  in  collecting,  and  afterwards 
in  arranging,  or  abstracting,  what  libraries  afford  them,  they  ought 
to  amass  no  more  than  they  can  digest  ;  but  when  they  have  un 
dertaken  a  work,  they  go  on  searching  and  transcribing,  call  for 
new  supplies  —  when  they  are  already  over-burdened,  and  at  last 
leave  their  work  unfinished.  It  is,  says  he.  the  business  of  a  good 
antiquary,  as  of  a  good  man,  to  have  mortality  always  before  him." 

Of  our  author  Hearne  speaks  highly  : 

"Optandum  est  ut  sua  quoque  collectanea  de  antiquitatibus. 
Cantabrigiensibus  juris  faciat  publici  el.  Bakerus,  quippe  qui 
eruditione  summa  judicioque  acri  et  subacto  polleat." 

Dr.  Knight  styles  him,  "  the  greatest  master  of  the  an 
tiquities  of  this  our  university."  Horace  Walpole  wrote  a 
Life  of  Baker  (in  the  quarto  ed.  of  his  works)  in  1778,  of 
which  a  friend  of  Mr.  Nichols  writes  to  him  :  "  I  never 
thought  that  the  sprightly,  inquisitive  Horace  Walpole 
could  ever  have  written  any  thing  of  so  little  information 
or  curiosity." 

Dr.  Richard  Rawlinson  gives  a  very  great  character  of 
Mr.  Baker  : 

"  That  the  people  of  St.  John's  should  have  highly  respected  Mr. 
Baker,  is  surely  much  to  the  credit  of  the  Society  ;  especially  if 
we  consider  how  little  people,  not  actually  members,  are  liked  for 
staying  and  taking  up  room."  —  T.  F.,  in  Nichols's  Literary  Anecdotes, 
which  see  for  a  detailed  account  of  Baker. 

Mr.  Master  pub.  Memoirs  of  the  Life  and  Writings  of 
our  author,  with  a  Catalogue  of  his  MS.  collections  :  a  sy 
nopsis  of  the  latter  may  be  seen  in  the  Biog.  Brit. 

That  the  people  of  St.  John's  did  "  highly  respect  Mr. 
Baker,"  we  have  evidence  in  a  letter  of  Warburton's  : 
(Correspond,  with  Dr.  Birch  in  Brit.  Museum.) 

"Good  old  Mr.  Baker  of  St.  John's  has  indeed  been  very  oblig 
ing.  The  people  of  St  John's  almost  adore  the  man  ;  for  as  there 
is  much  in  him  to  esteem,  much  to  pity,  and  nothing  (but  in  vir 
tue  and  learning)  to  envy,  he  has  all  the  justice  at  present  done 
him,  that  few  people  of  merit  have  till  they  are  dead." 

In  lamenting  over  the  non-execution  of  Mr.  Baker's 
Athen.  Cantab.,  we  are  led  to  bestow  a  few  more  tears  on 
the  abortive  plan  of  Dr.  Dibdin's  intended  magnificent 
History  of  the  University  of  Oxford.  But  we  cannot 
linger  more.  Let  the  reader  refer  to  Dibdin's  Reminis 
cences,  vol.  ii.  p.  849.  We  shall  defer  our  remarks  upon 
the  subject  until  we  overtake  old  Anthony  Wood,  some 
years  hence,  in  the  letter  W.  "  Some  years  hence,"  did 
we  say?  Let  us  remember,  "Vitas  summa  brevis  spem 
nos  vetat  inchoare  longam  !" 

Baker,  Thomas,  Surgeon.  Con.  to  Phil.  Trans.,  1739. 

Baker,  Wm.,  Bp.  of  Norwich.    Sermon,  Lon.,  1709. 

Baker,  Win.,  Bp.  of  Bangor.    Sermon,  Lon.,  1724. 

Baker,  Wm.     Sermons  pub.  1716,  '20,  '26,  '28. 

Baker,  Wm.,  1742-1785,  a  learned  English  printer, 
carried  on  his  business  in  Cullum  Street  and  Ingram 
Court,  London.  He  wrote  Peregrinations  of  the  Mind, 
through  the  most  general  and  interesting  Subjects  which 
are  usually  agitated  in  Life,  by  the  Rationalist,  Lon., 
1770.  Theses  Graecae  et  Latinse  Selectse,  1780. 

"  An  elegant  correspondence  between  him  and  Mr.  Robinson, 
author  of  The  Indices  Tres,  printed  at  Oxford,  1772,  and  some  let 
ters  of  inquiry  into  the  difficulties  in  the  Greek  Language,  which 
still  exist,  are  proofs  of  his  great  erudition,  and  the  opinion  enter 
tained  of  him  by  some  of  the  first  scholars  ____  In  the  Greek,  Latin, 
French,  and  Italian  Languages,  he  was  critically  skilled,  and  had 
some  knowledge  of  the  Hebrew  ____  Such  was  his  modesty,  that 
many  among  his  oldest  and  most  familiar  acquaintance  were  igno 
rant  of  his  learning,  and  when  learning  was  discussed,  his  opinion 
could  never  be  known  without  an  absolute  appeal  to  his  iudsr- 
ment."—  Chalmers's  Biog.  Diet. 

Bakewell.  Domestic  Guide  in  Insanity,  1805.  Moor 
land  Bard,  1807. 

Bakewell,  F.  C.  Natural  Evidence  of  a  Future 
Life,  derived  from  the  Properties  and  Actions  of  Animate 
and  Inanimate  Matter;  a  contribution  to  Natural  Theo 
logy,  designed  as  a  Sequel  to  the  Bridgewater  Treatises, 
1840.  This  work  has  been  highly  commended.  Mr.  B. 
is  the  author  of  the  Philosophical  Conversations. 

"Mr.  Bakewell  establishes  by  analogical  reasoning  a  strong 
probability  for  the  immortality  of  the  soul  ;  his  arguments  are  al- 
.  ways  ingenious,  and  candidly  stated,  and  he  draws  strong  conclu 
sions  from  his  premises."—  London  Athmteum. 

\  T,llis  ma-v  claim  to  rank  as  a  tenth  Bridgewater  Treatise." 
We  strongly  recommend  this  volume.    Mr.  Bakewell  is  evi- 

ntly  a  master  of  reasoning  and  language.  The  reader  who  ac 
companies  him  through  his  arguments,  will  be  delighted  by  the 
acutenesa  of  his  reasoning,  and  have  his  mind  enriched  bv  much 
b°th  ln  pbysical  and  P^siological  science."- 


Bakewell,  Robt.,  father  of  the  preceding.    Intro 


duction  to  Geology,  Lon.,  1813,  8vo.  A  number  of  edits, 
have  been  pub.  Mineralogy  and  Crystallography,  1819, 8vo. 
Influence  of  Soil  and  Climate  upon  Wool,  1808,  8vo. 

Bakewell,  Thos.  Work  against  Antinomianism, 
Lon.,  1644.  Defence  of  Infant  Baptism,  1646. 

Bakewell,  Thos.  Letter  on  Mad-Houses,  Lon.,  1815. 

Balam,  R.     Treatise  on  Algebra,  Lon.,  1650. 

Balantyn.     See  BALLENDEN,  JOHN. 

Balbernie,  A.  Obs.  for  the  benefit  of  the  Empire,  1810. 

Balbirnie,  John.  1.  Philosophy  of  Water  Cure, 
Lon.,  12mo.  2.  Speculum  applied  to  Diseases  of  the  Womb, 
8vo.  3.  Water  Cure  in  Consumption  and  Scrofula,  8vo. 
4.  Words  of  a  Water-Doctor,  8vo.  5.  Hydropathic  Apho 
risms,  1856,  12mo. 

Balcanqual,  W.     Sermons,  «fcc.,  Lon.,  1634. 

Balcanquhall,  Dean.  On  the  Troubles  in  Scotland. 

Balcarras,  Earl  of.  A  Brief  Account  of  the  Affairs 
of  Scotland,  relating  to  the  Revolution  in  1688,  Lon.,  1714; 
Edin.,  1754.  Also  inserted  in  the  llth  volume  of  the 
Sbmers  Collec.  of  Tracts.  A  valuable  historical  document. 

Balch,  Wm.,  1704-1792,  born  at  Beverly,  Massachu 
setts,  pub.  Sermons,  <fec.,  1740-46. 

Bald,  Robt.  Coal  Trade,  1808,  8vo.  Agriculture  of 
the  County  of  Mid-Lothian,  1812,  8vo. 

Balderston,  Geo.,  Surgeon,  Edin.  Con.  to  Med. 
Ess.,  ii.  p.  359. 

Balderston,  R.  R.  Sermons  from  Archbp.  Tillot- 
son,  Lon.,  1810. 

Baldgrave,  O.  Descrip.  of  Trees,Herbs,<fcc.,Lon.,1674. 

Baldock,  Baldocke,  or  Baudake,  Ralph  de, 
d.  1314,  Bishop  of  London,  and  lord  high  chancellor  of 
England,  was  educated  at  Merton  College,  Oxford.  He 
was  a  prebendary  of  St.  Paul's  Cathedral,  arch-deacon  of 
Middlesex,  and  succeeded  Richard  de  Gravesend  in  the 
See  of  London  in  1304.  His  election  being  controverted, 
the  pope's  confirmation  was  requisite.  The  necessary  de 
lay  postponed  his  consecration  until  1306,  when  he  was 
consecrated  at  Lyons  by  the  Bishop  of  Alba.  He  con 
tributed  200  marks  towards  building  the  chapel  of  St. 
Mary  on  the  east  side  of  St.  Paul.  He  founded  also  a 
chantry  of  two  priests  in  the  same  church,  near  the  altar 
of  St.  Erkenwald.  He  wrote,  1.  Historia  Anglica,  or  a 
\  history  of  the  British  affairs  down  to  his  own  time.  Not 
!  extant :  Leland  says  he  saw  it  in  London.  2.  A  Collec- 
j  tion  of  the  Statutes  and  Constitutions  of  the  Church  of  St. 
Paul's,  extant  in  the  library  of  the  Cathedral  in  1559. — 
Biog.  Brit. 

Baldwin,  Edward.     The  Pantheon,  Lon.,  1814. 

Baldwin,  Geo.  Political  Recollections  relative  to 
Egypt,  Lon.,  1801.  Works  from  the  Italian,  <fec.,  1811-18. 

Baldwin,  Henry,  1779-1844,  Judge  of  the  Supreme 
Court  U.S.  A  General  View  of  the  Origin  and  Nature 
of  the  Constitution  and  Govt.  of  the  U.  States,  Phila., 
1837. 

Baldwin,  Jas.    Serm.,  1718.     To  a  Quaker,  1757. 

Baldwin,  R.    Visitation  Ser.,  Phil.  i.  27,  Norw.,  1706. 

Baldwin,  Saml.  Survey  of  the  Brit.  Customs, 
Lon.,  1770. 

Baldwin,  Thos.,  d.  1190,  the  celebrated  preacher  of 
the  third  Crusade,  was  born  at  Exeter.  In  1181  he  was 
elected  Bishop  of  Worcester,  and  in  1184  was  translated 
to  the  Archbishopric  of  Canterbury.  He  accompanied 
Richard  I.  to  the  Holy  Land,  and  died  at  the  siege  of 
Ptolemais.  He  wrote  a  number  of  works. 

"  The  treatise  De  Sacramento  Altaris,  Tanner  states,  was  pub.  at 
Cambridge  in  1521,  8vo;  and  in  1531,  4to. 

"  Bibliotheca  Patrum  Cisterciensium  .  .  .  tomus  quintus  .  .  . 
Labore  et  'studio  F.  Bertrandi  Tissier,  Bono-fonte,  Anno  Domini, 
1662,  fol.  pp.  1-159.  Baldwini,  ex  abbate  Fordensi  ordinis  Cisterc. 
Cantuariensis  Archiepiscopi,  opera.  The  sixteen  tracts,  and  the 
treatises,  De  Commendatione  Fidei  and  De  Sacramento  Altaris. 

"  The  old  bibliographers  ascribe  to  him,  in  addition  to  the  works 
already  mentioned,  commentaries  on  the  books  of  Kings;  on  the 
sacraments  of  the  Church;  a  collection  of  thirty-three  sermons; 
a  collection  of  epistles ;  and  other  books,  with  the  titles,  De  Ortho- 
doxaefideidogmatibus;  De  sectis  haereticorum ;  De  unitate  charita- 
tis;  De  sacerdotio  Joannis  Hyrcani ;  Super  eruditione  Giraldi;  De 
amore;  Contra  Henricum  Wintoniensem;  Commendatio  virginita- 
tis;  Carmen  devotionis;  Decruce;  Deangeli  nuncio;  Mythologia; 
De  utilitate  et  virtute  sermonis  dei  viri.  Several  of  his  tracts  and 
sermons  are  preserved  in  a  MS.  at  Lambeth.  Some  of  the  books 
mentioned  in  the  above  list  are  of  very  doubtful  authority." — 
Wright's  Biog.  Brit.  Lit. 

Baldwin,  Thos.  Aeropaidia;  Hints  on  Balloons,  1786. 

Baldwin,  Thos.,  1753-1825,  a  Baptist  minister,  set 
tled  at  Boston,  Mass.,  was  born  at  Norwich,  Connecticut. 
He  pub.  sermons  and  theological  treatises,  1789-1806. 

Baldwin,  Thomas,  for  many  years  a  teacher  in  Phi 
ladelphia.  Pronouncing  Gazetteer,  12mo,  new  ed.,  Phil., 
1855.  In  conjunction  with  J.  Thomas,  M.D.,  a  new  and 

105 


BAL 


BAL 


complete  Gazetteer  of  the  United  States,  large  8vo,  10th  ! 
thousand,  Phil.,  1855.  Pronouncing  Gazetteer  of  the  World,  [ 
large  8vo,  Phil.,  1855.  See  THOMAS,  J.,  M.D. 

Baldwin,  Sir  Timothy,  of  Burwarton, in  Shropshire, 
became  a  Commoner  of  Baliol  College,  Oxford,  in  1634, 
and  Fellow  of  All  Souls'  in  1640.  In  1654  Baldwin  wrote 
The  Privileges  of  an  Ambassador,  elicited  by  the  case  of 
Don  Pantaloon  Sa,  brother  to  the  Portuguese  ambassador, 
who  had  killed  an  Englishman.  In  1656  he  pub.  a  treatise 
left  by  Lord  Herbert,  Expeditio  Buckingami  Ducis  in  Ream 
'Insulam ;  and  in  1663,  a  treatise  of  Dr.  Richard  Zouch, 
The  Jurisdiction  of  the  Admiralty  of  England  asserted 
against  Sir  Edward  Coke's  Articuli  Admiralitatis  in  22d 
chap,  of  his  Jurisdiction  of  Courts. — Hose's  Biog.  Diet. 

Baldwin,Walter.  Impris.for  Debt,1813 ;  Letter,1810. 

Baldwin,  Win.     Sermon,  Eccles.  iii.  12,  Lon.,  1701. 

Baldwin,  orBaldwyn,  William,  born  in  the  west 
of  England,  spent  several  years  at  Oxford  in  the  study  of 
logic  and  philosophy.  He  was  subsequently  a  schoolmaster 
and  divine.  He  is  said  to  have  been  one  of  those  scholars 
who  followed  printing  in  order  to  promote  the  Reformation. 
In  this  last  capacity  he  was  employed  by  Edward  Whit- 
church.  Bale  and  Pits  ascribe  some  comedies  to  him ;  and 
it  is  known  that  he  was  "  engaged  in  the  reigns  of  Edward 
VI.,  and  Philip  and  Mary,  if  not  earlier,  in  preparing  thea 
trical  entertainments  for  the  court."  He  compiled  A 
Treatise  of  Moral  Philosophy,  printed  by  Whitchurch, 
1547-1549,  and  sine  anno,  (Bib.  Anglo-Poet.  £10  10s.  j) 
afterwards  enlarged  by  Palfryman,  and  several  more  edi 
tions  pub.  The  Canticles  or  Balades  of  Salomon,  phrase- 
lyke  declared  in  English  meters,  1549 :  printed  by  himself. 
Funeralles  of  King  Edward  the  Sixth,  1560.  This  little 
tract  of  24  pp.  was  sold  at  the  Roxburghe  sale  for  £19  19«. 
A  copy  in  the  Bib.  Anglo-Poet,  is  priced  £25.  It  is  the 
rarest  of  his  works  :  see  British  Bibliographer,  vol.  ii.  p.  97. 

"  A  great  error  concludes  the  description,  viz. :  The  subject  of 
this  article  escaped  the  researches  of  Ritson.  A  reference  to  Hit- 
son's  Bibliographica  Poetica,  p.  122,  will  shew  that  he  has  given 
the  accurate  title,  date,  and  printer's  name." — Bib.  Anglo-Poet. 

Another  edition,  Lon.,  1817.  Presented  to  the  members 
of  the  Roxburghe  Club  by  the  Rev.  J.  W.  Dodd.  Another 
reprint  appeared  in  4to,  10s.  6d. 

Wood  ascribes  to  Baldwin,  The  Use  of  Adagies,  Similies, 
and  Proverbs,  and  some  Comedies.  "When  printed,  or 
where,  I  cannot  find."  That  intelligent  antiquary,  Mr.  J. 
Payne  Collier,  considers  Baldwin  to  have  been  the  author  of 
a  tract  of  great  rarity,  Beware  the  Cat,  1561-84.  (See  Hist, 
of  Eng.  Dram.  Poetry.)  In  this  tract  are  some  notices  of 
matters  connected  with  the  reputed  author's  history.  But 
may  Baldwin's  name  ever  be  honoured  as  one  of  the  au 
thors  and  editors  of  the  noble  MIRROUR  FOR  MAGISTRATES  ! 
Of  this  grand  work,  which  "  illuminates  with  no  common 
lustre  that  interval  of  darkness  which  occupies  the  annals 
of  English  poetry  from  Surrey  to  Spenser,"  we  had  in 
tended  to  give  an  account,  but  to  do  justice  to  the  subject 
requires  far  more  space  than  we  can  afford.  It  will  be  re 
ferred  to  again  under  the  name  "Sackville."  Let  the 
reader  refer  to  Warton's  History  of  English  Poetry, Brydges' 
Censura  Literaria,  and  Haslewood's  edition  of  the  work, 
(Introduction,)  1815.  The  Induction  by  Sackville,  Earl 
of  Dorset,  has  been  lauded  as  containing 

"  Some  of  the  finest  strains  of  English  poetry,  and  some  of  the 
most  magnificent  personifications  of  abstract  ideas  in  our  language ; 
exceeding  Spenser  in  dignity,  and  not  short  of  him  in  brilliance." 

That  man  or  woman  who  possesses  A  MYRROVRE  FOR 
MAGISTRATES,  Wherein  may  be  seen  by  example  of  others, 
with  how  greuous  plages  vices  are  punished,  and  how  frayl 
and  vnstable  worldly  prosperitie  is  founde,  euen  of  those 
whom  Fortvne  seemeth  most  highly  to  favour  ; — we  say,  that 
man  or  woman  who  possesses  this  vast  treasury  of  poetry, 
philosophy,  morality,  and  divinity,  can  afford  to  dispense 
with  three-fourths  of  the  modern  productions  of  the  Muse. 
We  contemplate  our  beautiful  copy  with  complacency  as 
we  pay  this  deserved  tribute. 

Baldwyn,  Rev.  Edward,  author  of  a  number  of 
miscell.  and  educational  works,  Lon.,  1787-1812. 

Bale,  John,  1495-1564?  Bishop  of  Ossory,  in  Ire 
land,  was  one  of  the  early  English  dramatists,  and  by  his 
literary  and  other  labours,  a  zealous  promoter  of  the  Re 
formation.  He  was  educated  at  the  monastery  of  the 
Carmelites  in  Norwich,  and  from  thence  was  sent  to  Jesus 
College,  Cambridge.  The  date  of  his  renunciation  of  the 
Roman  Catholic  Church  cannot  be  certainly  ascertained, 
but  he  attributes  to  "  the  illustrious  the  Lord  Wentworth, 
that  he  was  stirred  up  to  discover  the  glory  of  the  Son  of 
God  and  his  own  depravity."  This  nobleman  and  Lord 
Cromwell  were  his  patrons ;  and  on  the  execution  of  the 
latter  he  withdrew  into  Flanders,  where  he  remained  for 
106 


eight  years.  In  1552  he  was  nominated  by  King  Edward 
VI.  to  the  see  of  Ossory.  He  incurred  the  dislike  of  the 
Roman  Catholics  by  two  plays,  intended  to  promote  the 
Protestant  faith, — John  the  Baptist,  and  God's  Promises, 
— which  were  publicly  acted  on  a  Sunday  in  Kilkenny.  On 
the  death  of  Edward  VI.  he  was  obliged  to  fly  for  refuge 
to  Holland,  and  from  thence  to  Basle  in  Switzerland. 
After  the  death  of  Queen  Mary  he  returned  to  England, 
but  preferred  a  prebend  in  the  Cathedral  church  of  Can 
terbury,  which  he  retained  until  his  death,  to  the  resump 
tion  of  his  former  Bishopric.  Bale  was  a  voluminous  au 
thor.  His  dramatic  pieces  were  intended  and  calculated 
to  promote  the  cause  of  the  Reformation.  He  tells  us 
(Scriptor  Illustr.  M.  Brit.  Summ.)  that  he  was  the  author 
of  nineteen  Miracle  Plays,  eleven  of  which  represent 
events  in  the  life  of  our  Saviour,  and  eight  are  miscella 
neous.  The  titles  of  these  plays  will  give  some  idea  of 
their  character : 

Series  of  the  Life  of  Christ. 

1.  OF  CHRIST,  WHEN  HE  WAS  12  YEARS  OLD,  one  comedy. 
2-3.  OF  HIS  BAPTISM  AND  TEMPTATION,  two  comedies. 

4.  OF  LAZARUS  RAISED  FROM  THE  DEAD,  one  comedy. 

5.  OF  THE  COUNCILLS  OF  THE  BISHOPS,  one  comedy. 

6.  OF  SIMON  THE  LEPER,  one  comedy. 

7.  OF  THE  LORD'S  SUPPER,  AND  WASHING  THE  FEET,  one 

comedy. 

8-9.  OF  THE  PASSION  OF  CHRIST,  two  comedies. 
10-11.  OF  THE  SEPULTURE  AND  RESURRECTION,  two  corns. 
Miscellaneous  Dramas. 

12.  UPON  BOTH  MARRIAGES  OF  THE  KING.    (Henry  VIII.) 

13.  AGAINST  MOMUS  AND  ZOILUS. 

14.  THE  TREACHERIES  OF  THE  PAPISTS. 

15.  AGAINST  THE  ADULTERATORS  OF  GOD'S  WORD. 

16.  OF  KING  JOHN  OF  ENGLAND. 

17.  OF  THE  IMPOSTURES  OF  THOMAS  A  BECKETT. 

18.  OB  THE  CORRUPTIONS  OF  THE  DIVINE  LAWS. 

19.  THE  IMAGE  OF  LOVE. 

"  Each  of  these  he  states  that  he  '  compiled,'  not  merely  because 
he  borrowed  his  materials  from  the  Old  and  New  Testaments,  but, 
perhaps,  because  he  adopted  portions  of  pieces  of  the  same  de 
scription  already  existing.  The  subjects  are  treated  as  in  the 
older  specimens,  and  even  in  point  of  language  and  versification 
Bale  has  not  much  the  advantage  of  his  predecessors." — Collier's 
History  of  Eng.  Dram.  Poetry. 

In  1538  these  plays  were  printed  abroad  in  4to.  They 
contain  the  first  attempts  to  instruct  the  public  mind 
in  the  doctrines  of  the  Reformation,  by  the  instrumen 
tality  of  the  stage.  Bale  says  that  the  representation 
of  his  plays,  referred  to  before,  at  the  Market  Cross  of 
Kilkenny,  in  August,  1553,  "was  to  the  small  conten- 
tation  of  the  prestes  and  other  papistes  there." — The  Vo- 
cayon  of  Johon  Bale.  Dramatic  entertainments,  represent 
ing  the  lives  of  saints,  and  scriptural  stories,  had  long  be 
fore  this  time  been  a  favourite  entertainment  with  the 
populace.  The  play  of  Saint  Catherine  was  acted  at  Dun- 
stable  about  the  year  1100. 

"  London,  for  its  theatrical  exhibitions,  had  holy  plays,  or  the 
representation  of  miracles  wrought  by  confessors,  and  of  the  suf 
ferings  of  martyrs." — Description  of  London,  by  William  Fitz-Ste- 
phen,  of  the  12th  century. 

Matthew  Paris,  about  the  year  1240,  says  that  they 
were  such  as  "  Miracula  Vulgariter  Appellamus,"  proving 
their  publicity.  See  Warton's  History  of  English  Poe 
try.  This  learned  writer,  speaking  of  Bale's  plays,  re 
marks  : 

"What  shall  we  think  of  the  state,  I  will  not  say  of  the  stage, 
but  of  common  sense,  when  these  deplorable  dramas  could  be  en 
dured  ?  Of  an  age  when  the  Bible  was  profaned  and  ridiculed 
from  a  principle  of  piety  ?  But  the  fashion  of  acting  mysteries 
appears  to  have  expired  with  this  writer." 

A  dramatic  piece  of  Bale's,  thought  to  be  the  most  re 
markable  of  his  productions,  entitled  De  Joanne  Anglo- 
rum  Rege,  and  Kynge  Johan,  was  printed  in  1838  by  the 
Camden  Society  from  the  author's  MS.,  preserved  in  the 
library  of  the  Duke  of  Devonshire. 

"  It  is  a  most  singular  mixture  of  history  and  allegory ;  the 
events  of  the  reign  of  John  being  applied  to  the  times  of  Henry 
VIII.,  and  to  the  struggles  between  Protestantism  and  Popery." 

In  the  introduction  to  this  impression,  it  is  remarked 
of  Bale : 

"  He  possesses  no  peculiar  claims  as  a  poet ;  and  though  he  could 
be  severe  as  a  moral  censor,  and  violent  as  a  polemic,  he  had  little 
elevation  and  a  limited  fancy ;  his  versification  is  also  scarcely  as 
good  as  that  of  some  of  his  contemporaries." 

Bale's  most  celebrated  work  in  his  collection  of  British 
Biography,  first  published  under  the  title  of  Illustruin 
Majoris  Britannicae  Scriptorum,  hoc  est,  Anglise,  Cambriae, 
et  Scotise,  Summarium,  Ipswich,  1549 :  this  edition  con 
tained  only  five  centuries  of  writers.  To  these  he  added 
four  more  centuries,  and  made  corrections  and  additions. 
The  book  thus  enlarged  was  entitled  Scriptorum  Illustrium 


BAL 

Maioris  Britannia},  quam  nunc  Angliam  et  Scotiam  vocant, 
Catalogue;  a  Japheto  per  3618  annos,  usque  ad  annum 
hunc  Domini,  Ac.,  Basil,  1557-59.     Of  this  work  ver 
different  opinions  have  been  given.    Warton  censures 


k,  perhaps  originally  undertaken  by  Bale  as  a  vehicle 
of  his  sentiments  in  religion,  is  not  only  full  of  misrepresentation 
and  partialities,  arising  from  his  religious  prejudices,  but  of  general 
inaccuracies,  proceeding  from  negligence  or  misinformation  Lven 
those  more  ancient  Lives  which  he  transcribes  from  Leland's  com 
mentary  on  the  same  subject,  are  often  interpolated  with  false 
facts  and  impertinently  marked  with  a  misapplied  zeal  for  refor 
mation.  He  is  angry  with  many  authors  who  flourished  before 
the  13th  century  for  being  Catholics."—  Hat.  of  Eng.  Poetry. 

But  Gesner,  Bishop  Godwin,  Laurence  Humphrey, 
Toiler,  Bishop  Montagu,  and  others,  appear  on  our  au 
thor's  side.  But,  on  the  other  hand,  again  we  have  Vos- 
sius,  John  Pits,  (Hie  Lelandi  Catalogum  non  tarn  prolixe 
auxit,  quam  prodigrose  depravavit,)  Wharton,  Nieolson, 
Harrington,  and  Leland,  who  array  themselves  against 
the  venerable  bishop. 

Bales,  Peter,  1547-1610  ?  the  most  skilful  English 
penman  of  his  own,  or  probably  of  any,  period,  is  sup 
posed  by  Wood  to  have  been  a  member  of  Oxford  Univ. 

"  He  spent  many  years  in  sciences  among  the  Oxonians,  particu 
larly  at  Gloucester  Hall."  .  . 

He  is  the  author  of  Brachygraphy,  or  the  Writing 
Schoolmaster,  in  Three  Books,  teaching  Swift  Writing, 
True  Writing,  and  Fair  Writing,  1590-97,  1673.  We  are 
told  of  a  Bible,  written  by  him  in  short-hand,  so  small 
that  it  would  lie  in  an  English-walnutrshell  ! 

Bales,  Peter.  The  Lord's  Prayer  pleading  for  better 
entertainment  ;  on  Luke  xi.  2,  Lon.,  1643.  Infirmities  in 
ducing  to  Conformity  ;  on  James  iii.  2,  1650,  etc. 

Baley,  or  Bailey,  Walter,  M.D.,  1529-1592,  was 
admitted  perpetual  Fellow  of  New  College,  Oxf.,  in  1550. 
In  1561  he  was  appointed  the  Queen's  Professor  of  Physic 
in  the  University  of  Oxford.  He  wrote  a  number  of  profes 
sional  works,  which  were  pub.  1587-1602.  Directions  for 
Health,  posthumous,  1626.  See  Wood's  Athen.  Oxon. 

Balfour,  Surgeon.  Con.  to  Med.  Obs.  &  Inq.  1670. 

Balfour,  Alexander,  1767-1829,  a  tradesman,  and 
subsequently  a  clerk  in  the  publishing  house  of  Mr.  Black- 
wood  at  Edinburgh,  wrote  Campbell,  or  the  Scottish  Pro 
bationer,  1819.  Contemplation,  and  other  poems,  1820. 
The  Foundling  of  Glenthorn,  or  the  Smuggler's  Cave,  1823. 
Highland  Mary.  He  edited  the  poetical  works  of  Richard 
Gall,  and  contributed  to  the  Edinburgh  Magazine  until 
its  expiration  in  1826.  Prof.  Muir  pub.  a  selection  from 
his  writings  under  the  title  of  Weeds  and  Wild  Flowers. 
A  notice  of  the  author's  life  is  prefixed  to  this  volume.  — 
Chambers's  Eminent  Scotsmen. 

Balfour,  Sir  Andrew,  1630-1694,  a  Scottish  bota 
nist  and  physician.  Letters  relative  to  France  and  Italy, 
Edin.,  1700. 

Balfour,  Francis,  a  Scottish  physician  of  note,  a 
native  of  Edinburgh,  and  surgeon  of  the  Hon.  East  India 
Company,  resided  chiefly  at  Calcutta.  He  pub.  a  number 
of  prof,  works,  Edin.,  Calcut.,  and  Lon.,  1767-95.  A  col 
lection  of  Treatises  on  the  Effect  of  Sol-Lunar  Influence 
in  Fevers,  Lon.,  1812  :  this  is  a  2d  edition  of  a  Treatise 
on  the  Influence  of  the  Moon  in  Fevers,  Calcut.,  1784. 
His  theory  is  that  all  fevers  are  affected  by  the  influence 
of  the  moon.  He  found  that  the  "accession  of  fever  takes 
place  during  the  three  days  which  either  precede  or  follow 
the  full  moon."  These  opinions  it  is  said  have  met  with 
"  support  and  confirmation  from  the  observations  of  Lind 
in  Bengal,  of  Cleghorn  in  Minorca,  of  Fontana  in  Italy, 
of  Jackson  in  Jamaica,  of  Gillespie  at  St.  Lucia,  of  An- 
nesley  in  Madras." 

Balfour,  Sir  James,  d.  1657,  a  Scottish  antiquary 
and  poet,  was  a  friend  of  Sir  Robert  Aytoun,  Drummond 
of  Hawthornden,  Segar,  Dodsworth,  and  Dugdale.  To 
the  last-named  he  communicated  the  facts  which  we 
find  in  the  Monasticon  Anglicanum,  in  the  department 
Coenobia  Scotia.  Balfour  subsequently  pub.  these  papers 
with  some  other  matter,  under  the  title  of  Monasticon  Sco- 
ticum.  He  received  a  diploma  in  1628  from  the  London 
College  of  Arms,  which  proves  the  zeal  and  knowledge 
which  marked  his  antiquarian  researches.  He  was  a  strong 
opponent  to  the  attempt  to  force  the  liturgy  of  the  Church  of 
England  upon  the  people  of  Scotland.  Anumber  of  his  MSS 
are  preserved  in  the  Advocates'  Lib.  at  Edinburgh.  There 
was  pub.  in  Edin.,  1824,  Lon.,  1825,  his  Annales  of  Scotland 
from  MLVII.-MDCXL.  ;  and  Memorials  and  Passages  of 
Church  and  State  from  MDCXLI.-MDCLIL,  Ac.  Pub. 
from  the  original  MSS.  preserved  in  the  Lib.  of  Faculty  of 
Advocates,  (by  James  Haig,)  4  vols.,  with  portrait  by 
Lizars. 


BAL 

Balfour,  James,  1703-1795,  of  Pilrig,  Scotland.  1. 
Delineation  of  Morality.  2.  Philosophical  Dissertations, 
Edin.,  1782.  These  two  treatises  were  an  attack  on  the 
speculations  of  David  Hume ;  but  they  were  written  with 
so  much  candour  and  good  feeling  that  Hume  wrote  to  him 
to  express  his  feelings  of  esteem  and  request  his  friend 
ship.  3.  Philosophical  Essays,  8vo. 

Balfour,  John  Hutton,  M.D.,  F.R.S.E.,  b.  in  Edin 
burgh,  where  he  commenced  the  practice  of  his  profession; 
Prof,  of  Botany  in  the  Univ.  of  Glasgow,  in  which  he  suc 
ceeded  Sir  Wm.  Jackson  Hooker ;  Regius  Keeper  of  the 
Royal  Botanic  Garden,  and  Prof,  of  Med.  and  Bot.  in  the 
Univ.  of  Edinburgh.  1.  Manual  of  Botany,  Edin.,  1849, 
cr.  8vo;  3d  ed.,  revised  and  enlarged,  1857.  2.  Class-Book 
of  Botany,  8vo,  1800  Illustrations.  The  same  work  is  also 
pub.  in  two  Parts  :  Part  1,  Structural  and  Morphological 
Botany;  Part  2,  Elements  of  Vegetable  Physiology, 
Classification,  Botanical  Geography,  and  Fossil  Botany, 
with  a  Glossary  of  Terms. 

"  In  Dr.  Balfour's  Class-Book  of  Botany  the  author  seems  to  have 
exhausted  every  attainable  source  of  information.  Few,  if  any, 
works  on  the  subject  contain  such  a  mass  of  carefully-collected  and 
condensed  matter;  and  certainly  none  are  more  copiously  or  better 
illustrated." — Hooker's  Journal  of  Botany. 

3.  Outlines  of  Botany:  being  an  Introduction  to  the 
Study  of  the  Structure,  Functions,  Classification,  and  Dis 
tribution  of  Plants,  1854,  12mo.  4.  Biographical  Sketches 
of  the  late  Dr.  Golding  Bird,  1855, 12mo.  He  contrib.  the 
articles  on  Botany  to  the  last  ed.  of  the  Encyc.  Brit.,  and 
has  pub.  many  papers  in  connexion  with  the  Bot.  Soc.  of 
Edin.  and  the  Brit.  Ass.  for  the  Advancement  of  Science. 

Balfour,  or  Balforeus,  Robert,  a  Scottish  philo 
sopher  of  the  seventeenth  century,  President  of  Guyenne 
College  at  Bordeaux.  Barthius  praises  in  high  terms  an 
edition  of  Cleomedes  pub.  (Burd.,  1605)  by  Balfour. 

"  His  writings  display  an  extent  of  erudition  which  reflects  honour 
on  the  literary  character  of  his  country." — Irving' 's  Lives  of  Scottish 
Poets,  q.  v. 

Versio  et  Notse  ad  Gelazium,  4o.,  Par.,  1599.  Versio  et 
Comm.  ad  Cleomedis  Meteora,  Burd.,  1605.  Commentarii, 
&c.  Aristotelis,  Burd.,  1616.  Comm.  in  Organum  Aristo- 
telis,  Burd.,  1618.  Do.  in  Ethica,  <fcc.,  Par.,  1620. 

Balfour,  Robert,  D.D.,  late  minister  of  the  Outer 
High  Church,  Glasgow.  Serms.,  Glasg.,  1819. 

Balfour,  Walter,  1776-1852,  a  native  of  Scotland,  d. 
in  Massachusetts.  He  was  educated  for  the  Church  of  Scot 
land  by  Robert  Haldane,  but  became  a  Baptist  at  30  years 
of  age,  and  afterwards  a  Universalist.  Three  Essays  on  the 
Intermediate  State  of  the  Dead,  12mo,  Charlestown,  1828. 
Other  works. 

Balfour,  Wm.   Medical  Works,  Edin.,  1814-18. 

Balgrave,  J.  Sup.  to  Culpepper's  E.  Physic,  Lon., 
1666. 

Balguy,Chas.,  M.D.  Epistolo  de  Morbo  Miliari,  Lon., 
1758.  Con.  to  Med.  Ess.,  1736 ;  Phil.  Trans.,  1734. 

Balguy,  John,  1686-1748,  was  entered  of  St.  John's 
College,  Cambridge,  in  1702,  where  he  took  the  degree  of 
M.A.  in  1726.  He  took  part  in  the  Bangorean  controversy, 
and  pub.  three  pamphlets  in  defence  of  Dr.  Hoadly,  under 
the  name  of  Silvius.  His  treatises  were  levelled  against 
Drs.  Stebbing  and  Sherlock.  In  1726,  he  attacked  the 
'opinions  of  Lord  Shaftesbury,  in  A  Letter  to  a  Deist.  In 
1728,  he  pub.  The  Foundation  of  Moral  Goodness;  or,  A 
Further  Inquiry  into  the  Original  of  our  Idea  of  Virtue. 
This  was  in  answer  to  Mr.  Hutcheson's  Inquiry  into  the 
Original  of  our  Ideas  of  Beauty  and  Virtue.  His  Essay  on 
Redemption,  pub.  1741,  was  one  of  his  most  popular  works. 
He  burned  many  of  his  sermons,  that  his  son  (see  next 
article)  might  be  thrown  entirely  on  his  own  resources. 

Balguy,  Thomas,  D.D.,  1716-1795,  son  of  the  above, 
was  admitted  of  St.  John's  College,  Cambridge,  in  1732,  and 
took  the  degree  of  D.D.  in  1758.  In  the  same  year  Bishop 
Hoadly  appointed  him  Archdeacon  of  Winchester.  He 
preached  at  the  consecration  of  Bishops  Shipley,  Shute, 
Barrington,  North,  Hurd,  and  Moore.  These  Sermons  were 
all  pub.  separately,  1769-75.  Divine  Benevolence  As 
serted  and  Vindicated  from  the  Reflections  of  Ancient  and 
Modern  Skeptics,  1782.  He  edited  the  Serms.  of  Dr.  Powell, 
to  which  he  prefixed  his  Life,  and  in  1785  edited  a  new 
edition  of  his  father's  Essay  on  Redemption.  Two  years 
later  he  pub.  Discourses  on  Various  Subjects. 

"  His  work  on  Divine  Benevolence  is  a  most  able  answer  to  An 
cient  and  Modern  Skeptics." — LOWNDES. 

Ball.  Essay  on  Agriculture,  Svo.  The  Farmer's  Guide, 
8vo.  See  Donaldson's  Agricult.  Biog.,  and  Weston's  Tracts. 

Ball,  Edward.  The  Idiot  Boy,  <fec.,  Poems,  Norw., 
1814.  Author  of  over  100  dramatic  pieces,  under  the  nom 
de  plume  of  Edward  Fitzball. 

»  107 


BAL 


BAL 


Ball,  J.     On  an  Epistle  to  Rev.  R.  Hill,  1807. 

Ball,  J.  The  Importance  of  Right  Apprehensions  of 
God,  &c.  In  a  Letter  to  a  Friend,  Lon.,  1736. 

Ball,  John,  a  preacher  who  participated  in  the  Kent 
insurrection  in  1381,  of  which  Wat  Tyler  was  the  hero,  is 
famous  for  having  preached  a  sermon  to  a  congregation  of 
one  hundred  thousand  insurgents  on  Blackheath,  from  the 
text 

"  When  Adam  delved,  and  Eve  span, 
Who  was  then  the  gentleman?" 

The  preacher,  in  company  with  Jack  Straw,  and  about 
1500  others,  was  hanged  July  2,  1381.     Some  of  his  letters 
are  preserved  in  the  chronicles  of  the  times.     He  used  his  j 
pen  as  well  as  his  voice  to  propagate  sedition. 

Ball,  or  Balle,  John,  1585-1640,  a  Puritan  divine 
of  considerable  note,  entered  Brasenose  College,  Oxford, 
1602 ;  B.  A.  at  St.  Mary's  Hall,  1608.  He  wrote  a  number 
of  theological  and  ecclesiastical  works.  A  Short  Treatise 
concerning  all  the  principal  grounds  of  the  Christian  Reli 
gion.  A  very  popular  work,  which  Wood  tells  us  was  pub.  14 
times  ante  1632.  It  was  extensively  used  in  the  instruc 
tion  of  children.  In  1666  it  was  translated  into  Turkish 
by  William  Seamen,  an  English  traveller,  under  the  title 
of  Catechism,  or  Principal  Grounds  of  the  Christian  Reli 
gion,  Oxf.  A  Treatise  of  Faith,  Lon.,  1632.  Several  of 
his  works  were  in  opposition  to  publications  in  favour  of 
secession  from  the  Church  of  England. 

"  Though  somewhat  disaffected  to  ceremonies  and  Church  disci 
pline,  yet  he  confuted  such  as  conceived  the  corruption  therein 
ground  enough  for  a  separation." — Athen.  Oxon. ;  Fuller's  Worthies. 

Baxter  speaks  of  him  in  high  terms : 

"  He  deserved  an  high  esteem  and  honour  as  the  best  bishop  in 
England ;  yet  looking  after  no  higher  things  than  these :" 
t.  e.  the  small  profits  of  the  little  school,  and  his  £20  yearly 
salary. 

"  He  was  an  excellent  schoolman  and  schoolmaster,  (qualities 
seldom  meeting  in  the  same  man,)  a  painful  preacher,  and  a  pro 
fitable  writer;  and  his  Treatise  of  Faith  cannot  be  sufficiently 
commended.  Indeed  he  lived  by  faith,  having  but  small  means 
to  maintain  him,  .  .  .  and  yet  was  wont  to  say  he  had  enough, 
enough,  enough :  thus  contentment  consisted  not  in  heaping  on 
more  fuel,  but  in  taking  away  some  fire.  He  had  a  holy  facetious- 
ness  in  his  discourse.  When  his  friend,  having  had  a  fall  from 
his  horse,  and  said  that  he  never  had  the  like  deliverance,  '  Yea,' 
said  Mr.  Balle,  'and  an  hundred  times  when  you  never  fell;'  ac 
counting  God's  preserving  us  from,  equal  to  his  rescuing  us  out  of 
dangers.  ...  He  hated  all  new  lights  and  pretended  inspirations 
besides  Scripture :  and  when  one  asked  him,  '  whether  he  at  any 
time  had  experience  thereof  in  his  own  heart,'  '  No,'  said  he,  '  I 
bless  God;  and  if  I  should  ever  have  such  phantasies,  I  hope  God 
would  give  me  grace  to  resist  them.'  Notwithstanding  his  small 
means,  he  lived  himself  comfortably,  relieved  others  charitably, 
left  his  children  competently,  and  died  piously." — Worthies, 

Ball,  John*  Antiquities  of  Constantinople,  in  4  books, 
trans,  from  the  Latin  of  Gyllius,  &c.,  Lon.,  1729. 

Ball,  John.     Medical  works,  Lon.,  1758-71. 

Ball,  Nathaniel.     Sermons,  1683-92. 

Ball,  Nathaniel,  Rector  of  Wisley,  <fcc.  Recte  vi- 
vendi  Ratio,  <fec.,  1754.  He  pub.  a  number  of  sermons  at 
different  times,  1745-63. 

Ball,  Richard.  An  Astrolophysical  Compendium,  or 
a  Brief  Introduction  to  Astrology,  Lon.,  1697.  Astrology 
Improved,  Lon.,  1723. 

Ball,  Richard.     Sermon,  Matt.  xxii.  21,  1682. 

Ball,  Thomas,  1590-1659,  a  Puritan  divine,  was  a 
native  of  Shropshire,  and  educated  in  King's  College, 
Cambridge.  He  pub.  a  life  of  his  tutor,  Dr.  John  Preston, 
and  Pastorum  Propugnaculum,  Lon.,  1656. 

Ball,  Thomas,  and  Beatty,  F.  Reports  of  Cases 
in  the  High  Court  of  Chancery,  Ireland,  1807-11,  Dub., 
1821-23,  2  vols.;  2d  ed.,  1833-34;  Philadelphia,  1839. 

Ball,  Wm.     Political  works,  Lon.,  1641-55. 

Ball,  Wm.    Con.  to  Phil.  Trans.,  1666. 

Ballantine,  Wm.  Treatise  on  the  Statute  of  Limi 
tations,  (21  Jac.  I.  c.  16,)  Lon.,  1810;  New  York,  1812; 
Albany,  1829 ;  edited  by  J.  L.  Tillinghast. 

"  This  small  work  is  compiled  by  stringing  together  a  number 
of  cases  without  the  least  possible  labour  of  thought  on  the  part 
of  the  author.  The  American  edition  of  1812,  purporting  to  con 
tain  the  American  law  of  Limitations,  has  reference  to  seventy-one 
decisions." — Marviris  Legal  Bibl. 

Ballantine,  Wm.    Introduc.  to  Latin  Reading,  1815. 

Ballantyne,  James,  d.  1833,  the  friend  and  co-part 
ner  of  Sir  Walter  Scott,  contributed  many  articles  to  the 
Edinburgh  Evening  Courant  ante  1817 ;  after  which  period 
he  edited  the  Edinburgh  Weekly  Journal,  which  was  the 
property  of  his  firm. 

Ballantyne,  John,  d.  1821,  brother  of  the  preceding, 
was  the  confidant  of,  and  manager  for,  the  Great  Unknown. 
He  was  the  author  of  The  Widow's  Lodgings,  a  novel. 

Ballard.    Con.  to  Phil.  Trans.,  1608. 

Billiard,  Edward.     Sermons,  1734-46. 
108 


Ballard,  Edward.  Stock-broker's  Vade  Mecum, 
Lon.,  1799. 

Ballard,  George,  d.  1755,  was  born  at  Carnpden,  in 
Gloucestershire.  Whilst  employed  in  the  shop  of  a  habit- 
maker,  he  devoted  his  spare  hours  to  the  study  of  the  Saxon 
language.  His  zeal  for  learning  attracted  the  notice  of  that 
excellent  Saxon  scholar,  Mrs.  Elstob.  By  the  kindness 
of  the  first  Lord  Chedworth,  he  was  removed  to  Oxford, 
and  an  annuity  of  £60  (he  declined  to  accept  £100,  which 
was  offered  to  him)  was  allowed  him.  He  was  appointed 
one  of  the  eight  clerks  of  Magdalene  College,  and  was 
subsequently  chosen  one  of  the  University  beadles.  He 
pursued  his  researches  with  great  zeal  in  the  Bodleian  Li 
brary,  and  left  the  results  in  the  shape  of  large  collections 
of  MSS.,  now  preserved  in  the  same  depository.  His  ac 
count  of  Campden  Church  was  read  before  the  Society  of 
Antiquaries,  Nov.  21,  1771.  His  only  printed  work  is 
Memoirs  of  Several  Ladies  of  Great  Britain,  who  have 
been  celebrated  for  their  Writings,  or  Skill  in  the  learned 
Languages,  Arts,  and  Sciences,  Oxford,  1752 ;  Lon.,  1775. 
Sixty-two  ladies  are  here  chronicled,  commencing  with 
Juliana  of  Norwich,  born  about  1347,  and  ending  with 
Constantia  Grierson,  who  died  in  1733. 

"  It  is  pretty  certain  that  England  hath  produced  more  women 
famous  for  literary  accomplishments,  than  any  other  nation  in 
Europe." — Preface. 

"  We  find  that  the  lives  of  eminent  or  worthy  persons  are  gene 
rally,  and  deservedly,  well  received  by  the  public :  of  which  we 
have  here  a  new  instance,  added  to  the  many  of  prior  date,  that  it 
would  be  needless  to  cite,  in  Mr.  Ballard's  Memoirs;  a  work  that 
has  not  wanted  the  assistance  and  encouragement  due  to  so  com 
mendable  an  undertaking." — Monthly  Review,  1753. 

Hearne  notices  Mr.  Ballard's  labours : 

"  I  know  not  what  additions  Mr.  George  Ballard  can  make  to  Mr. 
Stowe's  life ;  this  I  know,  that  being  a  taylor  himself,  he  is  a  great 
admirer  of  that  plain,  honest  antiquary." — Letter  to  Baker,  1735 ; 
quoted  by  Nichols. 

Ballard,  Reave.     Sermons,  1745-46. 

Ballenden,  or  Bellenden,  or  Balantyn,  Sir,  or 
Dr.  John,  d.  1550,  a  Scottish  poet  and  historian,  was  a 
doctor  of  the  Sorbonne  at  Paris.  By  command  of  James 
V.,  he  translated  Hector  Boethius's  History  from  the  Latin 
into  the  Scottish  tongue.  The  translation  was  made  "  with 
a  good  deal  of  freedom,  departing  often  from  his  author, 
but  generally  for  the  sake  of  truth ;  and  sometimes,  also, 
adding  circumstances  which,  perhaps,  might  not  be  known 
to  Hector  Boece.  However,  his  version,  as  he  called  it, 
was  very  well  received  both  in  Scotland  and  England,  and 
soon  became  the  standard  of  that  History." — Biog.  Brit. 

He  was  archdeacon  of  Murray,  canon  of  Rosse,  and 
clerk  of  the  register.  His  trans,  of  the  first  five  books  of 
Livy  has  been  highly  commended  : 

"  As  a  specimen  of  the  ancient  language  of  Scotland  and  of  the 
prose  style  of  the  purest  of  her  early  writers,  this  translation  of 
Livy  is  peculiarly  valuable.  In  rendering  the  animated  descriptions 
of  Livy's  pictured  page,  the  translator  evinces  all  the  imagination 
and  vigour  of  a  writer  untrammelled  by  the  necessity  of  adopting 
the  thoughts  and  sentiments  of  another." 

Bailer,  Richard.     Psalms  Evangelized,  1811. 

Ballidon,  J.     See  BALIDON. 

Ballin,  Miss.  The  Statue-Room:  an  Hist.  Tale,  1790. 

Ballingall,  Sir  George,  d.  1855;  from  1823  to  '55, 
Prof.  Military  Surgery  in  the  Univ.  of  Edinburgh.  1.  Out 
lines  of  Military  Surgery,  8vo.  2.  On  the  Site  and  Con 
struction  of  Hospitals,  4to.  3.  Observations  on  the  Dis 
eases  of  the  European  Troops  in  India, 

"This  is  a  very  interesting  volume;  Sir  George  Ballingall  is 
already  favourably  known  to  the  profession  by  former  writings, 
and  the  present  work  will  not  derogate  from  his  literary  or  his 
professional  reputation." — Johnson's  Journal. 

"  We  are  glad  to  see  this  admirable  work  attain  to  its  third  edi 
tion.  If  the  place  of  a  great  school  of  Military  Surgery  could  be 
supplied  by  a  book,  Sir  George  Ballingall  has  gone  far  to  supply 
that  desideratum." — United  Service  Magazine. 

Ballon,  Rev.  Hosea,  1771-1852,  b.  Richmond,  N.H., 
a  prominent  Universalist  minister.  1.  Notes  on  the  Parables, 
1804.  2.  Treatise  on  the  Atonement.  3.  Candid  Review. 
4.  Authenticity  of  the  Scriptures.  In  1819,  he  commenced 
The  Universalist  Mag.,  to  which  he  contrib.  many  original 
hymns.  In  connexion  with  his  great-nephew,  Rev.  Hosea 
Ballou,  2d,  he  commenced,  in  1831,  the  pub.  of  the  Uni 
versal  Expositor,  now  pub.  as  the  Universalist  Quarterly 
Review.  5.  Lecture  Serms.,  1831.  6.  An  Examination  of 
the  Doctrine  of  Future  Retribution,  1834.  Life  by  his  son, 
M.  M.  Ballou,  (q.  v.)  His  published  works  would  make 
more  than  one  hundred  12mo  vols. 

Ballou,  Hosea,  2d,  b.  1796,  Guilford,  Vt.  The  An 
cient  History  of  Universalism,  from  the  time  of  the  Apos 
tles  to  its  Condemnation  in  the  Fifth  General  Council, 
A.D.  553,  Bost.,  1829,  12mo;  Providence,  1842.  Ed.  Sis- 
mondi's  History  of  the  Crusades,  Bost,  1833,  12mo ;  Ex- 


BAL 

positor  and  Universalist  Rev.,  Bost,  1831-40  ;  Univ.  Quar. 
and  General  Rev.,  Bost.,  1854-55. 

Ballou,  Maturin  M.,  b.  1822,  at  Boston,  Mass.  1. 
History  of  Cuba;  or,  Notes  of  a  Traveller  in  the  Tropics. 
2.  Biography  of  Rev.  Hosea  Ballou,  (his  father.)  3.  Life- 
Story  of  Hosea  Ballou :  a  juvenile  work.  Editor  and  pro 
prietor  of  Ballou's  Pictorial  and  the  Flag  of  our  Union. 

Ballou,  Moses,  b.  1811,  Monroe,  Mass.,  nephew  of 
Rev.  Hosea  Ballou.  1.  Memorial  of  Sanford.  2.  The 
Divine  Character  Vindicated :  a  Reply  to  Beecher's  Con 
flict  of  Ages.  Contrib.  to  Universalist  Quarterly  since  1840. 

Bally,  George.     Four  Poems,  pub.  1754,  '56,  '58,  '67. 

Balmain,  VV.    Con.  to  Memoirs  Med.,  1799. 

Balmanno,  Mrs.  Mary,  wife  of  the  succeeding,  b.  in 
Derbyshire,  England,  has  gained  some  reputation  as  an 
artist,  poetess,  and  composer  of  music.  She  has  contrib. 
many  articles  to  the  English  Annuals,  and  pub.  several 
lyrics  since  her  residence  in  America.  She  has  edited  the 
Gems  of  Moore's  Poetry,  (illustrated,)  with  prose  introduc 
tion  and  conclusions  to  each,  and  an  illustrated  edition  of 
Byron's  Works.  She  pub.,  N.Y.,  1858,  8vo,  a  vol.  entitled 
Pen  and  Pencil,  illustrated  with  cuts,  a  majority  of  which 
were  drawn  on  the  block  by  her  own  hand.  The  beautiful 
drawing  of  all  the  flowers  mentioned  by  Shakspeare,  which 
excited  so  much  attention  at  the  New  York  Crystal  Palace 
in  1853-54  and  was  so  highly  lauded  in  the  English  and 
American  papers,  was  the  production  of  Mrs.  Balinanno. 
Her  force  and  depth  of  colouring  have  elicited  great  ad 
miration. 

Balmanno,  Robert,  b.  1780,  near  Aberdeen,  Scot 
land,  is  a  descendant  of  an  ancient  family,  of  which  there 
are  records  existing  temp.  James  VI.  of  Scotland  and  I. 
of  England.  Mr.  B.  has  contributed  many  articles  to  the 
London  periodicals  and  to  the  New  York  Knickerbocker, 
Evening  Post,  and  Graham's  (Phila.)  Magazine.  For  many 
years  he  has  been  a  resident  of  New  York ;  and,  although 
now  (1858)  at  an  advanced  stage  of  life,  he  is  still  distin 
guished  for  that  literary  enthusiasm  and  exquisite  taste  in 
letters  and  the  fine  arts  which  rendered  him  so  great  a 
favourite  with  Sir  Thomas  Lawrence,  C.  A.  Stothard,  Henry 
Fuseli,  Thomas  Moore,  Sir  Martin  A.  Shee,  Crofton  Croker, 
and  a  host  of  departed  worthies,  whose  numerous  unpub 
lished  letters  to  Mr.  B.  and  now  in  his  possession  would 
form  a  rich  entertainment  to  the  present  generation.  For 
some  notices  of  Mr.  Balmanno,  see  Mrs.  Stothard's  Life 
of  C.  A.  Stothard,  and  a  Letter  from  Sir  Walter  Scott  to 
Sir  Adam  Ferguson,  dated  August  2, 1827. 

Balmer,  Robert,  D.D.,  1787-1844,  Prof,  of  Syste 
matic  Theology  to  the  United  Secession  Church.  Aca 
demical  Lectures  and  Pulpit  Discourses,  2  vols.,Edin.,1845. 

Balmford,  James,  the  son  of  a  carpenter,  studied 
at  Oxford,  and  entered  the  Church.  Carpenter's  Chippes, 
1607.  A  Short  and  plain  Dialogue  concerning  the  Un- 
la\vfulness  of  Playing  at  Cards,  or  Tables,  or  any  other 
Games  consisting  in  Chance.  Short  Catechism,  2d  ed., 
1607.  A  Modest  Reply  to  a  work  of  Gataker's,  upon  Lots. 

Balnaves,  Henry,  d.  1579,  was  a  native  of  Kirk- 
caldy,  county  of  Fife,  Scotland.  He  was  a  zealous  pro 
moter  of  the  Reformation.  John  Knox  gives  him  the  cha 
racter  of  a  very  learned  and  pious  divine.  In  1563  he  was 
made  one  of  the  Lords  of  Session,  and  was  one  of  the  com 
mittee  appointed  to  revise  the  book  of  discipline.  Whilst 
imprisoned  in  the  castle  of  Rouen,  he  wrote  what  is  called 
by  Knox,  a  Comfortable  Treatise  of  Justification,  Edin., 
1550.  The  high  estimation  in  which  this  work  is  still 
held,  is  evinced  by  its  having  been  lately  republished  at  a 
cheap  rate  by  the  London  Religious  Tract  Society,  for 
wide  circulation.  Confession  of  Faith,  concerning  how 
the  troubled  Man  should  seek  refuge  in  God,  Edin.,  1584. 
This  work  has  a  prefatory  Epistle  from  John  Knox.  There 
i<  a  poem  of  Balnaves's  in  Ramsay's  Collection. 

"  He  was  a  godly,  learned,  and  long  experimented  counsellor." — 
SIR  JAMES  MELVIL. 

See  Knight's  English  Cyclopedia,  Biography,  vol.  i. ; 
Rymer,  Foedera,  xiv.  781,  783,786,  792,  xv.  142,  144;  Sad 
ler,  State  Papers,  i.  83,  430;  Balf.,  Ann.,  i.  305;  Hist,  of 
King  Jaines  VI.,  35;  Knox,  Hist.,  35,41;  Keith,  Hist., 
529;  McCrie,  Life  of  Knox,  39,  n.;  Catalogue  of  Senators 
of  the  Coll.  of  Just.,  60,  seq. 

Baltharpe,  John.  The  Straight's  Voyage,  [contain 
ing  an  expedition  to  Algiers,]  or  St.  David's  Poem.  Sold 
at  Lloyd's  sale  for  £6  12».  Qd. 

Baltimore,  Lord.  Answer  to  Town-tell-Truth,  Lon., 
1642.  His  Case  concerning  the  Province  of  Maryland 
Lon.,  1653. 

Baltimore,  Fred.  Calvert,  Lord,  d.  1772.  Tour 
to  the  East,  in  the  years  1763  and  1764,  with  remarks  on 
the  City  of  Constantinople  and  the  Turks.  Also  select 


BAM 

Pieces  of  Oriental  Wit,  Poetry,  and  Wisdom,  Lon.,  1767; 
Dubl.,  1768. 

Gaudia  Poetica,  Latina,  Anglica,  et  Gallica  Lingua 
composita,  anno  1769.  Augustse,  1770,  4to,  with  plates. 
Privately  printed  (10  copies  only)  for  presents.  Sold  at 
Reed's  Sale  for  £6  10* ;  Bindley's,  £7  7*. 

Coelestes  et  Inferni,  Venet.  1771. 

Balward,  John.     Sermon,  1774. 

B  amiield,  or  Bamford,  Joseph,  an  active  soldier  in 
the  civil  war  between  King  Charles  I.  and  the  Parliament, 
published  an  Apology,  an  historical  tract,  now  very  rare. 

"  A  man  of  wit  and  parts."— EARL  OF  CLARENDON. 

Bamfield,  S.  A.  New  Treatise  of  Astron.,  Oxon,  1764. 

Bamfield,  Thos.  Reply  to  Dr.  Wallas's  Report  con 
cerning  the  Christian  Sabbath,  Lon.,  1673. 

Bamford,  James.    Plague's  Infection,  Lon.,  1600. 

Bampfield,  or  Bampfylde,  Francis,  d.  1684, 
entered  Wadham  College,  Oxford,  in  1631.  He  had  a  pre 
bend  in  the  Church  of  Exeter,  and  subsequently  was  a 
minister  at  Sherburn  in  Dorsetshire,  of  which  he  was  de 
prived  by  the  Act  of  Uniformity  of  1662.  His  independ 
ence  of  character  is  amply  proved  by  the  peculiarities  of 
the  views  which  he  not  only  held,  but  zealously  promul 
gated.  His  principal  works  are  Judgment  for  Observation 
of  the  Jewish  Sabbath,  Lon.,  1672,  sent  in  a  letter  to  Mr. 
Will  Ben.  All  in  One,  Lon.,  1677. 

"  The  design  of  which  fantastic  and  unintelligible  book  is  for  the 
advancement  and  augment  of  useful  Arts,  and  of  profitable  Sci 
ences,  in  a  Scriptural  way,  and  that  all  Philosophy  be  taught  out 
of  the  Scripture,  and  not  from  Heathen  authors.  .  .  .  'Tis  full  of 
bombast,  great  swelling,  and  forced  language,  and  oftentimes  un 
intelligible."— WOOD. 

The  House  of  Wisdom,  1681, 

"  In  which  fantastical  book  the  author  would  have  the  Hebrew 
tongue  and  language  to  be  the  universal  character  over  all  the  in 
habited  earth,  to  be  taught  in  all  schools,  and  children  to  be 
taught  it  as  their  mother  language.  He  proposes  a  way  for  the 
erection  of  Academies  to  have  it  taught,  and  all  Philosophy  to  pro 
ceed  from  Scripture,  to  have  all  books  translated  into  that  lan 
guage,  and  I  know  not  what." — Ibid. 

Historical  Declaration  of  The  Life  of  Shim  Asher,  1681. 
Grammatical  Opening  of  some  Hebrew  Words  and  Phrases 
in  the  beginning  of  the  Bible.  Falling  under  the  displea 
sure  of  the  government — having  refused  to  take  the  oaths, 
on  the  plea  that  "  the  King  of  kings  forbade  him  to  take 
them" — he  was  cast  into  prison,  where  he  died  in  1684. 
Anthony  Wood  makes  him  the  subject  of  one  of  his 
strongly-drawn  portraits : 

"  He  was  always  a  person  so  strangely  fickle  and  unsteady  in 
his  judgment,  that  he  was  first  a  Churchman,  then  a  Presby 
terian,  afterwards  an  Independent,  or,  at  least,  a  sider  with  them, 
an  Anabaptist,  and  at  length  almost  a  compleat  Jew,  and  what 
not.  He  was  also  so  enthusiastical  and  canting,  that  he  did  al 
most  craze  and  distract  many  of  his  disciples  by  his  amazing  and 
frightful  discourses." 

Bampfield,  or  Bamfylde,  John.  Sixteen  Sonnets, 
Lon.,  1779. 

"  The  author  was  truly  a  man  of  genius ;  he  published  his  son 
nets  at  a  very  early  age ;  they  are  some  of  the  most  original  in  our 
language.  He  died  in  a  private  mad-house  after  twenty  years' 
confinement." — Southey's  Specimens  of  the  Later  English  Poets. 

These  sonnets  will  be  found  in  Park's  Collection  of 
the  Poets. 

Bampfield,  R.  W.  Con.  to  Med.  Chir.  Trans.,  1814. 
treatise  on  Tropical  Dysentery,  Lon.,  8vo. 

On  Curvatures  and  Diseases  of  the  Spine,  including  all 
the  forms  of  Spinal  Distortion,  Lon.,  8vo.  Amer.  ed.,  by 
John  K.  Mitchell,  M.D.,  Prof.  Prac.  Med.  in  Jefferson 
Med.  Coll.,  Phila. 

"  The  very  best  treatise  on  spinal  diseases  and  their  treatment 
extant." — Med.  Examiner. 

"  We  heartily  recommend  this  book  to  all  who  feel  an  interest 
in  the  matter,  and  especially  in  these  days  of  degenerating  spe 
cialities."—^.  Y.  Jour,  of  Med. 

"  The  treatise  is  a  very  valuable  one,  and  we  cheerfully  recom 
mend  it  to  the  profession."— New  Orleans  Med*.  Jour. 

Bampton,  John,  of  New  Coll.,  Oxon.    Serm.,  1611. 

Bampton,  Rev.  Jno.,  Canon  of  Salisb.,  1689-1751, 
educated  at  Trinity  College,  Oxford,  deserves  honourable 
mention  as  the  founder  of  the  celebrated  series  of  Lectures 
which  bear  his  name.  He  gave  his  lands  and  estates  to 
the  University  of  Oxford,  upon  trust,  for  the  endowment 
of  Eight  Divinity  Lecture-Sermons,  to  be  delivered  annu 
ally  :  the  subjects,  To  confirm  and  establish  the  Christian 
Faith,  and  to  confute  all  heretics  and  schismatics  upon  the 
divine  authority  of  the  Holy  Scriptures :  The  authority 
of  the  writings  of  the  Primitive  Fathers  as  to  the  faith  and 
practice  of  the  primitive  Church :  The  Divinity  of  our 
Lord  and  Saviour  Jesus  Christ :  The  Divinity  of  the  Holy 
Ghost:  The  articles  of  the  Christian  Faith  as  compre 
hended  in  the  Apostles'  and  Nicene  Creeds.  The  Bamp 
ton  Lectures  form  a  most  valuable  body  of  divinity :  for 


BAN 


BAN 


notices  of  them,  consult  the  names  of  the  Lecturers  in  the 

present  volume.  We  append  a  list,  chronologically  arranged. 

1780.  J.  Bandinell. 

1805.  E.  Nares. 

1829.  E.  Burton. 

1781.  T.  Neve. 

1806.  J.  Browne. 

1830.  H.  Soames. 

1782.  R.  Holmes. 

1807.  T.  Le  Mesurier. 

1831.  T.W.Lancaster. 

1783.  J.  Cobb. 

1808.  J.  Penrose. 

1832.  R.D.  Hampden. 

1784.  J.  White. 

1809.J.B.S.Carwithen. 

1833.  F.  Nolan. 

1785.  R.  Churton. 

1810.  T.  Falconer. 

1834.  None. 

1786.  G.  Croft. 

1811.  J.  Bidlake. 

1835.  None. 

1787.  W.  Hawkins. 

1812.  R.  Mant. 

1836.  C.  A.  Ogilvie. 

1788.  R.  Shepherd. 

1813.  J.  Collinson. 

1837.  T.  S.  L.  Vogan. 

1789.  E.  Tatham. 

1814.  W.  Van  Mildert 

1838.  H.  A.Woodgate. 

1790.  IL  Kett. 

1815.  R,  Heber. 

1839.  W.D.Conybeare. 

1791.  R.  Morres. 

1816.  J.  H.  Spry. 

1840.  E.  Hawkins. 

1792.  J.  Eveleigh. 

1817.  J.  Miller. 

1841.  Not  preached. 

1793.  J.  Williamson. 

1818.  C.  A.  Moysey. 

1842.  J.  Garbett. 

1794.  T.  Wintle. 

1819.  H.  D.  Morgan. 

1843.  A.  Grant. 

1795.  D.  Veysie. 

1820.  G.  Faussett. 

1844.  W.  J.  Jelf. 

1796.  R.  Gray. 

1821.  J.  Jones. 

1845.  C.  A.  Heurtley. 

1797.  W.  Finch. 

1822.  R.  Whateley. 

1846.  A.  Short. 

1798.  C.  Hall. 

1823.  C.  Goddard. 

1847.  W.  H.  Shirley. 

1799.  W.  Barrow. 

1824.  J.J.Convbeare. 

1848.  E.  G.  Marsh. 

1800.  G.  Richards. 

1825.  G.  Chandler. 

1849.  R,  Michell. 

1801.  G.  S.  Faber. 

1826.  W.  Vaux. 

1850.  E.M.Goulburn. 

1802.  G.  F.  Nott. 

1827.  H.  H.  Milman. 

1851.  H.  B.  Wilson. 

1803.  J.  Farrer. 

1828.  T.  Home. 

1852.  J.  E.  Riddle. 

1804.  R.  Laurence. 

Complete  sets  are  rarely  to  be  found :  several  volumes 
being  very  scarce.  A  set,  1780-1850,  is  worth  about  £40 
to  £45. 

Banaster,  Banastre,  or  Banestre,  Gilbert,  a 
poet  and  musician  of  the  15th  century.  His  only  work 
extant  is  The  Miracle  of  St.  Thomas,  1467:  in  "MS.  in 
Bene't  College  Library.'' — RITSON. 

"  The  Prophesies  of  Banister  of  England  are  not  uncommon 
among  manuscripts.  In  the  Scotch  Prophesies,  printed  at  Edin 
burgh,  1680,  Bannister  is  mentioned  as  the  author  of  some  of  them, 
'  As  Berlington's  books  and  Banaster  tell  us.'  p.  2.  Again,  '  Beid 
hath  brieved  in  his  book,  and  Banester  also,'  p.  18.  He  seems  to  be 
confounded  with  William  Banister,  a  writer  of  the  reign  of  Edward 
the  Third."—  Wartoris  History  of  English  Poetry. 

Bancks,  J.    Miscell.  Works,  Lon.,  1738-39. 

Bancks,  Robt.    Mathemat.  Con.  to  Nic.  Jour.,  1808. 

Bancroft,  A.  Hist,  of  C.  Wentworth,  Esq.,  Lon.,  1770. 

Bancroft,  Aaron,  D.D.,  1755-1839,  for  more  than 
half  a  century  minister  of  a  Congregational  (Unitarian) 
church  at  Worcester,  Mass.  Life  of  George  Washington, 
1807.  Pub.  in  London,  by  Stockdale,  in  1808. 

Several  editions  of  this  work  have  been  published. 

Bancroft,  E.  N.,  M.D.,  son  of  the  following,  was  a 
military  physician,  and  author  of  two  publications,  both 
in  1808,  respecting  the  Medical  Department  of  Armies. 
He  warmly  opposed  the  opinions  of  Drs.  McGregor  and 
Jackson  on  this  subject.  He  also  pub.  an  Essay  on  the 
Yellow  Fever,  1811,  and  a  Sequel  thereto  in  1817. 

Bancroft,  Edward,  M.D.,  d.  1821,  was  noted  for  his 
extensive  knowledge  of  science  in  general.  He  was  inti 
mate  with  Drs.  Franklin,  Priestley,  and  other  philosophers 
of  the  day.  An  Essay  on  the  Natural  History  of  Guiana, 
Lon.,  1769. 

"  Besides  natural  history,  this  work  may  be  consulted  with  ad 
vantage  on  the  manners,  <xc.  of  the  natives." 

"  Written  in  a  very  unaffected  manner,  and  containing  a  great 
deal  of  information  which  was  new  at  the  time." 

Experimental  Researches  concerning  the  Philosophy  of 
Permanent  Colours,  Lon.,  1794.  The  same  arranged,  with 
large  additions,  Lon.,  1813,  2  vols. 

"  The  most  scientific  work  on  the  subject." 

Bancroft,  George.  Trans,  of  the  Answer  of  the 
Preacher's  at  Basle  respecting  the  Administration  of  the 
Lord's  Supper,  1548-49,  8vo. 

Bancroft,  George,  b.  1800,  in  Worcester,  Mass.,  is  a 
son  of  the  Rev.  Aaron  Bancroft,  D.D.,  author  of  a  Life  of 
Washington.  (See  ante.)  He  entered  Harvard  College  at 
the  early  age  of  13,  and  graduated  with  the  second  honours 
of  his  class  in  1817.  In  1818  he  visited  Germany,  where 
he  prosecuted  his  Studies  under  the  eminent  scholars  Heeren 
and  Schlosser.  His  original  destination  was  the  pulpit,  and 
he  preached  several  discourses,  which  produced  a  favourable 
opinion  of  his  talents  in  this  department;  but  a  love  of  lite 
rature  proved  the  stronger  attachment.  For  a  short  period 
he  held  the  post  of  Greek  Tutor  in  Harvard  College.  His 
first  publication  was  a  volume  of  Poems,  (1823,)  followed  in 
the  next  year  by  a  translation  of  Heeren's  Reflections  on  the 
Politics  of  Ancient  Greece.  Shortly  before  this,  in  conjunc 
tion  with  Dr.  Joseph  G.  Cogswell,  (now  superintendent  of 
the  Astor  Library,)  he  opened  the  Round  Hill  School  at 
Northampton,  and  in  the  intervals  of  instruction  he  occu 
pied  himself  in  supervising  and  publishing  a  translation  of 
Heeren's  Histories  of  the  States  of  Antiquity  and  of  the  Po 
litical  System  of  Europe  and  its  Colonies  from  the  Discovery 
of  America  to  the  Successful  Termination  of  the  Struggle  for 
Freedom  of  the  British  Colonies.  Mr.  Bancroft  now  turned 
110 


his  attention  to  politics,  in  which  field  he  displayed  consi 
derable  ability.  In  January,  1838,  he  was  appointed,  by 
President  Van  Buren,  Collector  of  the  Port  of  Boston,  and 
discharged  the  duties  of  this  office  with  great  fidelity  for 
three  years.  In  1844  he  was  the  candidate  of  the  Demo 
cratic  party  for  the  office  of  Governor  of  the  State  of  Massa 
chusetts,  and  received  a  large  vote,  though  not  elected. 
In  1845,  Mr.  Bancroft  was  appointed  Secretary  of  the  Navy, 
and  proved  a  most  useful  public  officer:  he  suggested  many 
reforms,  established  the  Nautical  School  at  Annapolis,  and 
improved  the  Astronomical  Observatory  at  Washington. 
In  1846,  he  was  appointed  minister-plenipotentiary  to  Great 
Britain,  and  resided  in  London  until  1849,  receiving  those 
gratifying  testimonials  of  esteem  and  respect  which  mere 
official  position  is  unable  to  command.  On  his  return  to 
America  he  adopted  the  city  of  New  York  as  his  residence. 
Some  of  his  orations  have  been  published;  and  he  is  the 
author  of  several  articles  in  the  North  American  and 
Boston  Quarterly  Reviews.  He  printed  a  Fourth-of-July 
Oration  in  1826,  delivered  at  the  request  of  the  town  of 
Northampton;  and,  in  1836,  an  oration  delivered  at  Spring 
field  was  published,  and  went  through  several  editions. 

As  an  author,  Mr.  Bancroft  is  best  known  by  his  His 
tory  of  the  United  States,  the  first  part  of  which,  embrac 
ing  the  History  of  the  Colonization  of  the  United  States, 
is  comprised  in  three  volumes :  1st,  pub.  1834;  2d,  1837; 
3d,  1840.  Vol.  iv.,  being  vol.  i.  of  the  History  of  the 
Revolution,  was  pub.  in  1852,  and  vol.  v.  in  1853.  The 
first  portion  of  this  work  contains  an  account  of  the  set 
tlement  of  the  13  original  states,  the  Spanish  settlements 
in  Florida,  the  French  discovery,  and  colonization  of  Mi 
chigan  and  Wisconsin;  the  discovery  of  the  Mississippi, 
the  colonization  of  Illinois  and  Indiana,  of  Mississippi 
and  Louisiana,  and  the  attempts  at  colonizing  Texas  by 
La  Salle.  The  topics 

"  Most  interesting  to  the  people  of  the  great  Valley  of  the  Mis 
sissippi,  are  delineated  more  fully  than  in  any  American  work, 
and  from  original  sources;  the  work  is  richly  illustrated  by  maps, 
sketches,  and  engravings,  particularly  by  heads  of  the  Winthrops, 
of  Smith,  of  William  Perm,  and  Franklin;  fee-similes  of  the  maps 
of  the  Valley  of  the  Mississippi,  and  of  Lake  Superior,  with 
sketches  illustrating  Indian  life  and  appearance." 

"  The  History  of  the  United  States  is  a  work  of  great  research, 
and,  while  the  author  states  his  own  opinions  decidedly  and 
strongly,  it  is  pervaded  by  a  fair  and  just  spirit.  The  style  is 
vigorous,  clear,  and  frank, — not  often  rising  into  eloquence,  but 
frequently  picturesque,  and  always  free  from  imitation  apd  from 
pedantry  ;  it  is,  in  fact,  what  it  professes  to  be, — a  national  work, 
— and  is  worthy  of  its  great  theme." — Knight's  Eng.  Cyc. 

So  great  has  been  the  demand  for  this  work,  that  the 
15th  edition  of  the  first  3  vols.  was  published  in  1853. 

We  quote  some  notices  of  the  History  of  the  Coloniza 
tion  of  the  United  States,  comprising  vols.  i.,  ii.,  and  iii. 
The  commendation  of  the  author's  distinguished  friend 
and  quondam  tutor,  Professor  Heeren,  must  have  been 
very  gratifying  to  Mr.  Bancroft : 

"  We  know  few  modern  historic  works  in  which  the  author  has 
reached  so  high  an  elevation  at  once  as  an  historical  inquirer  and 
an  historical  writer.  The  great  conscientiousness  with  which  he 
refers  to  his  authorities,  and  his  careful  criticism,  give  the  most 
decisive  proofs  of  his  comprehensive  studies.  He  has  founded  his 
narrative  on  contemporary  documents,  yet  without  neglecting 
works  of  later  times,  and  of  other  countries.  His  narrative  is 
everywhere  worthy  of  the  subject.  The  reader  is  always  instructed, 
often  more  deeply  interested  than  by  novels  or  romances.  The 
love  of  country  is  the  muse  which  inspires  the  author;  but  this 
inspiration  is  that  of  the  severe  historian,  which  springs  from  the 
heart."— PROF.  HEEREN. 

The  value  of  this  opinion  is  well  known  to  the  student 
of  history.  Edward  Everett  justly  remarks  that 

"  Few  writers  have  better  succeeded  than  Mr.  Heeren  in  treat 
ing  questions  of  antiquity  with  the  spirit  of  modern  philosophical 
criticism.  He  is  a  prudent  mediator  between  the  bold  specula 
tions  of  some  of  his  countrymen,  and  the  credulous  learning  of 
the  last  century.  ...  Mr.  Heeren  holds  a  place  in  the  front  rank 
of  the  professors  at  Gottingen,  is  one  of  the  most  esteemed  Ger 
man  writers  of  the  present  day,  is  a  correspondent  of  the  National 
Institute  of  France,  and  worthy  of  the  fame  which  he  enjoys  at 
home  and  abroad." — North  American  Review. 

Laudari  a  viro  laudato  Mr.  Bancroft  must  feel  to  be  a 
sufficient  reward  for  his  arduous  labours. 

Frederick  Von  Raumer  does  not  scruple  to  say  that 

"  Bancroft,  Prescott,  and  Sparks  have  effected  so  much  in  his 
torical  composition,  that  no  living  European  historian  can  take 
precedence  of  them,  but  rather  might  feel  proud  and  grateful  to 
be  admitted  as  a  companion." 

As  we  have  quoted  Mr.  Everett,  this  seems  to  be  a 
proper  place  for  a  short  extract  from  this  distinguished 
scholar's  review  of  Mr.  Bancroft's  1st  volume  : 

"  A  History  of  the  United  States,  by  an  American  writer,  pos 
sesses  a  claim  upon  our  attention  of  the  strongest  character, 
would  do  so  under  any  circumstances;  but  when  we  add  that  the 
work  of  Mr.  Bancroft  is  one  of  the  ablest  of  the  class  which  has 
for  years  appeared  in  the  English  language;  that  it  compares  ad 
vantageously  with  the  standard  British  historians;  that  as  far  as 


BAN 


BAN 


it  goes,  it  does  su^h  justice  to  its  noble  subject  as  to  supersede 
the  necessity  of  any  future  work  of  the  same  kind ;  and  if  com 
pleted  as  commenced,  will  unquestionably  forever  be  regarded 
both  as  an  American  and  as  an  English  classic,  our  readers  would 
justly  think  us  unpardonable  if  we  failed  to  offer  our  humble  tri 
bute  to  its  merit." — N.  American  Review,  xl.  99. 

On  another  occasion  Mr.  Everett  remarks  : 

"  This  noble  theme  has  been  treated  with  a  beauty  and  a  power 
by  one  whom  I  need  not  name  in  this  presence,  (the  historian  of 
the  United  States,)  which,  without  impairing  their  authenticity, 
have  converted  the  several  pages  of  our  history  into  a  magnificent 
Odyssey  of  national  adventure." — Everett's  Lecture  on  the  Discovery 
of  America. 

The  3d  volume  was  reviewed  by  a  brother  historian,  W. 
H.  Prescott: 

"  In  closing  our  remarks  we  must  confess  our  satisfaction,  that 
the  favourable  notice  we  took  of  Mr.  Bancroft's  labours,  on  his  first 
appearance,  has  been  fully  ratified  by  his  countrymen,  and  that 
his  Colonial  History  establishes  his  title  to  a  place  among  the 
great  historical  writers  of  the  age.  The  reader  will  find  the  pages 
of  the  present  volume  filled  with  matter  not  less  interesting  and 
important  than  the  preceding.  He  will  meet  with  the  same  bril 
liant  and  daring  style,  the  same  picturesque  sketches  of  character 
and  incident,  the  same  acute  reasoning,  and  compass  of  erudition." 
— 3".  American  Review,  Hi.  75. 

The  Edinburgh  Review,  in  concluding  a  notice  of  the 
3  vols.,  (9th  edition,  Boston,  1841,)  remarks  : 

"  We  cannot  take  leave  of  this  work  without  again  enforcing 
upon  the  mind  of  the  English  reader  the  necessity  of  perusing  it 
with  a  catholic  spirit.  All  that  is  of  chief  importance  in  it  is  en 
titled  to  his  esteem.  The  real  liberality, — the  general  fairness, — 
the  labour  and  conscientious  research  it  evinces, — deserve,  and  we 
are  assured  will  receive,  his  warmest  approbation.  There  are  some 
peculiarities,  however,  of  style, — some  modes  of  expression, — 
some  habits  of  thought,  which  are  novel;  and  may,  perhaps,  not 
prove  entirely  grateful  to  our  cisatlantic  taste.  But  Mr.  Bancroft's 
is  an  American,  not  an  English,  production,  and  must  be  judged 
by  a  reference  to  American  feelings.  We  treat  a  German  or  a 
French  work  after  this  fashion, — and  this  one.  although  written 
in  our  language,  is  not  subject  to  our  conventional  criticism." — 
Vol.  Ixxxv.  115. 

The  democratic  animus,  thus  hinted  at,  has  not  been  un 
noticed  at  home.  Dr.  Griswold,  while  highly  commend 
ing  the  History  as  a  whole,  observes : 

'•  Entering  deeply  into  the  spirit  of  the  times,  he  becomes  insen 
sibly  the  advocate  of  the  cause  of  freedom,  which  invalidates  his 
testimony.  He  suffers  too  much  'his  passion  to  instruct  his  rea 
son.'  He  is  more  mastered  by  his  subject  than  himself  master  of 
it.  Liberty  with  him  is  not  the  result  of  an  analytical  process, 


contests  of  the  people  with  their  governors  in  the  attempt  of  the 
latter  to  subvert  their  liberties.  It  describes  minutely  the  pro 
gress  of  each  event  that  tended  toward  the  general  result, — now 
sketching  with  a  vigorous  hand  the  reckless  management  of  the 
'  Board  of  Trade,'  in  their  endeavours  for  the  enforcement  of  arbi 
trary  power;  then  again,  holding  up  to  our  admiring  view  the 
great  Pitt,  with  his  masterly  genius  stemming  the  storm  which 
was  almost  ready  to  break  over  Europe,  and  raising  his  country 
to  the  highest  pinnacle  of  greatness  by  his  consummate  states 
manship.  The  work  is  full  of  such  artistic  groupings,  and  rises 
at  times  to  the  highest  point  of  eloquence.  But  yet  it  is  not  uni 
form,  and  sometimes  sinks  almost  to  mediocrity.  In  fact,  we  have 
seldom  read  a  more  uneven  book, — some  of  its  chapters,  by  their 
extreme  terseness  of  style,  rendering  you  weary,  and  others  car 
rying  you  along  with  resistless  mterest."-vJVo?-tow's  N.  Y.  Lit.  Gazette. 
Vol.  5th  appeared  in  1853.  It  comprises  a  period  of 
three  years,  1763-1766,  and  gives  a  history  of  the  causes 
of  dispute  between  Great  Britain  and  her  American  Colo 
nies.  The  enforcement  of  the  Navigation  Act,  the  passage 
of  the  Stamp  Act,  the  Pontiac  War,  the  Rockingham 
Ministry,  the  temper  with  which  the  Stamp  Act  was  re 
ceived  in  the  Colonies,  and  its  bold  rejection  by  the  first 
American  Congress,  the  advocacy  of  the  Colonial  cause  on 
the  floor  of  Parliament  by  the  first  man  in  England — the 
great  Pitt — the  Repeal  of  the  Stamp  Act,  and  the  other 
exciting  events  of  this  period  are  drawn  by  the  hand  of  a 
master. 

"  The  further  this  work  proceeds,  the  more  do  we  feel  that  it 
must  take  its  place  as  an  essentially  satisfactory  History  of  the 
United  States." — London  Athenceum. 

We  quote  some  more  notices  of  Mr.  Bancroft's  History, 
as  a  whole : 

"  Aside  from  its  artistic  excellence,  its  remarkable  unity,  bril 
liant  narrative,  and  vivid  description,  the  whole  work  is  full  of 
facts  that  can  be  found  nowhere  else ;  for  no  one  has  had  at  com 
mand  richer  or  more  costly  materials,  or  has  brought  to  them 
greater  ability  or  more  persevering  industry." 

"  There  are  more  graceful  narrators  than  Bancroft.  There  may 
be  annalists  more  searching  and  profound — though  we  can  scarcely 
name  them — but  for  union  of  history  and  philosophy,  the  actual 
and  the  ideal,  in  a  continuous  synthetic  composition/he  certainly 
bears  away  the  palm.  .  .  .  Mr.  Bancroft's  narrative  is  distinguished 
for  its  freedom  from  vagueness,  and  its  exact  nicety  of  description. 
In  the  sphere  of  facts,  he  deals  in  no  unmeaning  generalities. 
Whether  delineating  character  or  natural  scenery,  his  epithets  are 
choice,  short-cut,  and  of  expressive  fidelity.  He  never  falls  into 
the  error,  so  common  with  inferior  writers,  of  losing  all  distinct 


but  the  basis  of  his  work,  and  he  builds  upon  it  synthetically." —     ness  of  statement  in  a  cloud  of  general  assertions.    He  is  always 
Prose  Writers  of  America,  4th  ed.,  1852,  405.    (Notice  of  vols.  i.-iii.  |  specific  in  his  detail,  instead  of  trusting  to  indefinite  sketches.   He 

See  also,  to  the  same  effect,  N.  Amer.  Rev.,  Ixxxiv.  426 
(by  Rev.  G.  E.  Ellis.)  The  London  Monthly  Review  speak 
with  enthusiasm  both  of  the  author  and  his  theme : 


"Mr.  Bancroft,  who  is  an  American  himself,  possesses  the  best 
qualities  of  an  historian.  His  diligent  research,  his  earnest  ye 
tolerant  spirit,  and  the  sustained  accuracy  and  dignity  of  his  style 
have  been  nobly  brought  to  bear  upon  one  of  the  grandest  sub 
jects  that  ever  engaged  the  study  of  the  philosopher,  the  legislator 
or  the  historian.  There  can  be  no  doubt  of  his  being  possessed  o 
the  highest  requisites  of  an  historian." 

Whilst  there  are  many  on  this  side  of  the  Atlantic  wh< 
would  not  feel  disposed  to  endorse  without  reservation  th( 
following  imprimatur,  the  literary  competency  of  the  his 
torian  will  be  questioned  by  few : 

"  Bancroft  is  the  acknowledged  historian  o/  the  United  States 
lo  him  has  been  awarded  by  universal  consent  the  task  of  makinr 
the  record  of  our  nation's  life,  with  a  confidence  in  his  ripe  scholar 
ship,  extensive  historical  knowledge,  just  discrimination,  and  the 
purity  of  his  style,  that  has  in  no  respect  been  disappointed.  His 
work  is,  and  must  be,  the  standard  history  of  the  country  and  as 
such  should  reach  every  family,  and  be  studied  by  every  person 
who  would  be  acquainted  with  the  events  of  our  past  existence  " 
We  have  stated  that  vol.  4th,  being  vol.  1st  of  the  His 
tory  of  the  American  Revolution,  was  published  in  1852 
It  comprises  a  period  of  16  years,  from  1748  to  1763,  and 
is  styled  The  American  Revolution:  Epoch  First  the 
Overthrow  of  the  European  Colonial  System.  For  the  pre 
paration  of  this  volume  Mr.  Bancroft  had  a  large  stock  of 

valuable  materials  never  before  used 

"Particularly  the  original,  unpublished  Journal  of  the  Com 
mittee  of  Correspondence  of  Massachusetts;  letters  from  public 
committees  from  places  as  far  south  as  Savannah,  most  of  them 
unpublished,  and  never  read  by  any  writer  of  American  history 
and  letters  from  almost  every  town  and  village  in  Massachusetts' 
from  very  many  m  Maine,  New  Hampshire,  Rhode  Island  and  Con 
necticut;  unpublished  letters,  giving  the  history  of  the  periods 
from  1765  to  1776,  from  Samuel  Adams,  Benjamin  Franklin  as 
agent  for  Massachusetts,  John  Adams,  Richard  Henry  Lee  Arthur 
;?o  \V  illiam  Lee,  Christopher  Gadsden ;  from  Charles  Thompson 
Dickinson,  and  many  others;  a  large  file  of  most  valuable  letters' 
from  Joseph  Warren;  beside  letters  from  William  SSeott  Josiah 
Quincy,  Jr.,  John  Hancock,  Gerry,  Hawley,  Dr.  Cooper,  and  other 
leading  characters  in  New  England." 
From  such  materials  and  so  skilful  an  architect,  much 

ected,  and  expectation  was  not  disappointed. 
i,.*  IfZSTSf?  2Si.fi  preliminary  survey  of  the  events  that 
its  of  the  American  Continent  for  th 


d- 

hrmTI  ,  Y^  tW*WM  *°  Open  before  them'  and  **  contnued 
through  a  period  of  fifteen  momentous  years,  embracing  thP  SP™, 
years'  war,  the  expulsion  of  the  French  from  Cana^S  the  fS 


does  not  paint  in  uncertain  colours  the  localities  which  he  wishes 
to  illustrate,  but  presents  their  natural  features  in  prominent  re 
lief." — GEO.  RIPLET. 

"At  once  a  philosopher,  a  poet,  a  statesman,  and  an  assiduous 
student,  it  is  not  surprising  that  he  has  produced  a  monument  of 
genius  and  toil  which  embodies  the  highest  attributes  of  the  in 
tellect,  and  will  challenge  the  admiration  of  ages." — New  York 
Quarterly  Review. 

"  Among  the  historians  who  have  attained  a  high  and  deserved 
reputation  in  the  United  States,  within  the  last  few  years,  we  are 
inclined  to  yield  the  first  place  to  George  Bancroft. 

"  His  experience  in  political  and  diplomatic  life,  no  less  than  his 
rare  and  generous  culture,  and  his  singular  union  of  the  highest 
mental  faculties,  enable  us  to  predict  with  confidence  that  his 
work  will  be  reckoned  among  the  genuine  masterpieces  of  historical 
genius."—  Westminster  Review. 

Vol.  vi.,  pub.  1854,  comprises  the  history  of  eight  years, 
— 1766-74, — bringing  us  down  to  the  very  verge  of  the  Re 
volution.  It  has  received  the  high  commendation  of  being 
"  in  no  respect  inferior  to  its  predecessors."  In  1858  appeared 
revised  eds.  of  vols.  i.  and  ii.,  and  in  the  same  year  was  pub. 
vol.  vii., — being  vol.  i.  of  the  American  Revolution. 

"  This  volume,  while  it  forms  the  Continuation  of  the  History  as 
already  published,  is  the  first  of  four  volumes  embracing  the  period 
of  the  American  Revolution, — from  the  Blockade  of  Boston  to  the 
Treaty  of  Peace  at  Paris,  in  1782,— and  contains  (in  a  great  degree 
from  manuscript  and  unpublished  sources)  the  history  of  the  nation 
during  the  first  portion  of  this  eventful  period,— including  the 
blockade  of  Boston  Harbor,  the  general  organization  of  the  country, 
the  alteration  of  the  Charter  of  Massachusetts,  the  resistance  of  the 
people  of  Massachusetts,  the  spirit  of  the  South,  the  Congress  of 
1774,  the  progress  of  measures  in  England,  France,  and  elsewhere, 
the  battles  of  Lexington  and  Concord,  the  siege  of  Boston,  the 
Congress  of  1775,  the  choice  of  Washington  as  commander-in-chief, 
the  battle  of  Bunker  Hill,  Ac." 

"  Having  thus  recognized  the  claims  of  the  work  in  general 
terms,  we  may  be  allowed  a  critical  word  or  two.  In  the  first  place, 
then,  the  absence  of  references,  notwithstanding  the  author's  ex 
planation,  is  a  great  defect.  We  have  heard  much  of  the  original 
and  unedited  historic  material  in  his  possession,  but  fail  to  trace 
any  striking  evidence  thereof  in  the  text.  The  ground  over  which 
he  leads  us  is  familiar  and  endeared  :  Marshall  and  Sparks,  Ramsay 
and  Gordon,  Botta,  Everett,  and  Frothingham,  Irving,  Lossing, 
and  others,  have  been  our  guides  in  the  same  series  of  events;  and 
we  find  little  that  is  novel  in  the  facts  narrated  by  Mr.  Bancroft. 
The  prominence  given  to  Samuel  Adams,  the  details  of  public 
opinion  and  sentiment  on  both  sides  of  the  Atlantic,  the  sketches 
f  European  character,  and  many  generalizations,  philosophic  and 
>ohtical,  are  the  chief  features  of  freshness ;  and  these  do  not  always 
.dd  to  the  effect.  Many  of  the  longest  quotations,  though  apt  and 
llustrative,  are  household  words  to  us  all. — such  as  Lord  Chatham's 
amous  speech,  Burke's  description  of  the  whale-fishery,  Logan's 


BAN 


BAN 


aboriginal  eloquence,  and  Patrick  Henry's  appeal."— H.  T.  TUCKER- 
MAN.  (Review  of  vol.  vii.,  1858.) 

"  In  spite  of  all  its  partiality  and  all  its  short-comings,  Mr.  Ban 
croft's  work  is  a  remarkable  contribution  to  the  history  of  that 
great  and  memorable  revolution.  Possibly,  had  he  been  less 
national  he  would  have  been  less  in  earnest ;  and  it  is  good  to  have 
an  opportunity  of  seeing  from  all  points  of  view."— Lon.  Critic. 
(Review  of  vol.  vii.) 

"  The  opinion  which  we  have  more  than  once  expressed  upon 
the  style  of  Mr.  Bancroft's  History  applies  with  full  force  to  the 
volume  before  us.  It  is  exceedingly  picturesque  and  bright  and 
processional,  yet  scarcely  equal  to  the  vigour  of  debate  or  the  storm 
of  revolutionary  battle.  We  have  only  glimpses  of  the  men  of  the 
Revolution,  and  are  left  to  a  good  deal  of  surmise  as  to  the  secrets 
of  the  time.  We  miss  the  authoritative  notes  that  lighted  up  the 
text  of  the  earlier  volumes,  and  cannot  but,  on  the  whole,  express 
our  regret  that  the  author  has  not  had  such  complete  access  to 
papers  as  would  have  given  fulness  and  certainty  to  this  without 
doubt  the  only  American  National  History." — Lon.  Athen.,  June 
12, 1858.  (Review  of  vol.  vii.) 

"  Mr.  Bancroft,  who  was  Ambassador  to  London  in  1846-49,  had 


the  Government  archives  of  England  and  France  freely  thrown  open 

to  him  for  the  purposes  of  this  histor 

was  allowed  free  access  to  the  private  papers  of  the  noble  and 


ry  while  thus  engaged,  and  also 


political  families  in  both  countries  whose  ancestors  had  been 
mixed  up  in  our  contest.  Well  and  wisely  has  he  used  them. 
We  had  occasion,  when  his  sixth  volume  appeared,  to  go  over  it 
as  critically  as  we  could  ;  and  it  is  to  the  credit  of  his  accuracy  that 
we  were  able  to  discover  only  a  single  inaccuracy.  That  was  where 
he  committed  tautology,  by  speaking  of  '  the  county  of  Yorkshire.' 
Let  us  hope  that  the  continuation  of  this  national  work  will  be 
pushed  forward  with  some  rapidity.  Nearly  four  years  have  elapsed 
between  the  appearance  of  the  two  last  volumes.  Mr.  Bancroft 
describes  battles  as  well  as  Sir  William  Napier,  who  fought  them." 
—  DR.  R.  SHELTON  MACKENZIE. 

Mr.  B.  pub.  an  Abridg.  of  his  Hist,  of  the  Colonization 
of  the  U.  States,  2  vols.  16mo,  out  of  print,  and  not  repub- 
lished.  In  1855,  a  vol.  of  his  Miscellanies  was  pub.,  N. 
York,  8vo,  and  has  passed  through  several  edits. 

Bancroft,  John.     Sertorius  ;  a  Tragedy,  Lon.,  1679. 

Bancroft,  Richard,  1544-1610,  Archbishop  of  Can 
terbury,  was  a  native  of  Farmsworth  in  Lancashire.  He 
took  the  degree  of  B.A.  at  Christ's  College,  Cambridge,  in 
1567,  and  then  removed  to  Jesus  College.  He  was  in  fa 
vour  with  Queen  Elizabeth,  whom  he  attended  in  her  last 
illness.  She  nominated  him  to  the  see  of  London,  and 
King  James  in  1604,  promoted  him  to  the  Archbishopric 
of  Canterbury.  He  was  a  zealous  opponent  of  the  Puri 
tans,  and  Clarendon  thinks  that  had  his  life  been  prolonged, 
he  would  have  succeeded  in  destroying  that  formidable 
power  which  after  his  death  swallowed  up  both  the  Church 
and  the  Monarchy.  On  the  12th  of  January,  1588,  he 
preached  a  sermon  at  St.  Paul's  Cross,  in  which  he  handled 
the  Puritans  with  great  severity.  See  Hickes's  Biblio- 
theca  Script.  Eccles.  Anglicanse. 

In  1593  he  published,  1.  Dangerous  Positions  and  Pro 
ceedings  published  and  practised  within  this  Island  of 
Britain,  under  pretence  of  Reformation  and  of  the  Presby 
terian  Discipline.  2.  A  Survey  of  the  pretended  Holy 
Discipline.  These  works 

"  Were  liked  and  greatly  commended  by  the  learnedest  men  in 
the  realm."—  WHITGIFT. 

Archbishop  Bancroft  was 

"  A  person  of  singular  courage  and  prudence  in  all  matters  relat 
ing  to  the  discipline  and  establishment  of  the  Church."—  CAMDEN. 

Bancroft,  Thomas,  b.  probably  about  1600,  was 
educated  at  Catherine  Hall,  Cambridge.  Two  Bookes  of 
Epigrammes  and  Epitaths.  Dedicated  to  two  top  branches 
of  Gentry  :  Sir  Charles  Shirley,  Baronet,  and  William 
Davenport,  Esq.,  London  :  printed  by  J.  Okes,  for  Matthew 
Walbancke,  and  ate  to  be  sold  at  his  shop  in  Grayes-Inne- 
gate,  1639.  This  very  rare  volume  contains  481  "  Epi 
grammes  and  Epitaths."  Priced  in  Bibl.  Anglo-Poet.,  £20. 
In  the  first  Book  occur  two  "Epigrammes"  on  Shakspeare: 
"  Shooke  thy  Speare,"  seems  to  allude  to  his  Crest,  which 
was  a  Falcon  supporting  a  Spear. 

Bancroft  was  a  contributor  to  Lachrymae  Musarum, 
1650,  in  which  his  poem  is  thus  inscribed  : 

"  To  the  never-dying  Memory  of  the  noble  Lord  Hastings,  &c., 
the  meanest  son  of  the  Muses  consecrates  this  Elegie."  —  Sib.  Anglo- 


See  Dyce's  account  of  James  Shirley,  the  dramatist, 
for  his  lines  to  that  author. 

Glutton's  Feavers.  This  was  reprinted  for  the  members 
cf  the  Roxburghe  Club,  by  J.  D.  Phelps,  Esq.  In  the 
Restituta,  vol.  ii.  p.  490-96,  will  be  found  19  Epigrams 
from  Bancroft's  first  work. 

Heroical  Lover,  Lon.,  1658.  Sold  in  the  Reed  Sale  for 
£1  10«.  Qd. 

Bancroft,  Thomas.  Prolusiones  Poeticse,  Lon.,1788. 

Bandinel,  Rev.  Bulkeley.   For  many  years  he  has 

had  the  principal  care  of  the  Bodleian  Lib.,  Oxford.     Dug- 

dale's  Monasticon  Anglicanum,  to  be  completed  in  4  vols  : 

Parts  1  and  2,  1813,  fol.    A  Catalogue  of  Books  relating  to 

112 


British  Topography  and  Saxon  and  North.  Lit.,  bequeathed 
to  the  Bodleian  Library  by  Richard  Gough,  Esq.,  1814 
4to. 

"The  most  complete  catalogue  of  English  Topography  extant" 

Bandinel,  J.  Lufra;  a  Poem,  12mo.  Milton  Dave- 
nant,  3  vols.  p.  8vo.  Sermons,  Devotional  and  Practical 
12mo.  Treatise  on  Slavery,  1842,  r.  8vo. 

Bandinell,  James.  Eight  Sermons  preached  be 
fore  the  University  of  Oxford,  in  1780,  Lon.,  1780,  on  the 
Doctrines  of  Christianity. 

"  These  discourses  manifest  considerable  abilities  in  their  author. 
Their  style  and  language  are  generally  easy,  accurate,  and  expres^ 
sive.  They  discover  sense  and  ingenuity,  learning  and  criticism 
The  subjects  of  them  are  chiefly  the  truth  of  Christianity,  and  its 
peculiar  doctrines." — Monthly  Review,  1781. 

Banfill,  S.     A  letter  to  D.  Giddy,  M.P.,  1811. 

Bangs,  Nathan,  D.D.,  b.  1778,  at  Stratford,  Fairfield 
co.,  Connecticut,  entered  the  ministry  of  the  Methodist 
Episcopal  Church  in  1801.  1.  The  Errors  of  Hopkinsian- 
isin.  2.  Predestination  Examined.  3.  Reformer  Reformed. 
4.  Life  of  the  Rev.  Freeborn  Garrettson.  5.  History  of  Mis 
sions.  6.  An  Original  Church  of  Christ.  7.  Hist,  of  the 
Methodist  Episcopal  Church,  4  vols.  12mo.  8.  Emancipa 
tion.  9.  State  Prospects  and  Responsibilities  of  the  M.  E. 
Church.  10.  Letters  on  Sanctification.  ll.Lifeof  Arminius. 
Dr.  Bangs  has  contributed  largely  to  the  periodical  litera 
ture  of  his  Church.  By  appointment  of  the  Gen.  Conference 
he  assumed  the  duties  of  editorship  of  the  Christian  Ad 
vocate  and  Journal,  and  the  oversight  of  all  the  books  issued 
from  the  Church  establishment.  As  editor  of  the  Quarterly 
Review  and  of  the  Methodist  Book  Concern,  he  has  been 
widely  useful  to  the  ecclesiastical  connexion  of  which  he  is 
a  member. 

Banim,  John,  is4he  author  of  a  number  of  highly 
popular  novels.  The  Tales  of  the  O'Hara  Family,  1st  and 
2d  series,  1825-26,  excited  a  very  strong  interest  in  the  pub 
lic  mind. 

"  He  appears  to  know  the  affairs  of  his  native  land  thoroughly, 
and  to  have  entered  into  all  its  circles." — London  Literary  Gazette. 

Croppy;  a  Tale  of  1798,  pub.  in  1828.  This  work  is 
distinguished  by  Mr.  Banim's  graphic  powers  of  descrip 
tion.  Anglo-Irish  of  the  19th  Century,  1828.  The  De 
nounced,  1830.  Father  Connell,  1842, 12mo ;  3  vols.  p.  8vo. 

"  An  excellent  specimen  of  the  O'Hara  ware.  .  .  .  Good  Father 
Connell  ought  to  be  a  welcome  guest  in  Protestant  as  well  as  in 
Catholic  houses." — Lon.  Athen. 

Bit  o'  Writin,  3  vols.  p.  Svo.  Boyne  Water,  3  vols.  p.  8vo. 
Crohoore  of  Bill-hook,  12mo.  Ghost-Hunter  and  his  Family, 
12mo.  John  Doe,  12mo.  Mayor  of  Wind-Gap,  3  vols.  p.  Svo. 
Nowlans,  12mo.  Smuggler,  12mo;  new  ed.,  1857.  He  was 
the  author  of  the  celebrated  tragedy  of  Damon  and  Pythias. 
See  Life,  with  Extracts  from  his  Correspondence  by  Patrick 
John  Murray,  12mo,  1857. 

"  The  Ghost  Hunter  and  his  Family,  and  the  Mayor  of  Wind- 
Gap,  and  several  other  works,  are  proofs  of  Mr.  Banim's  remarkable 
talent  of  eliciting  the  interest  and  sympathies  of  his  reader.  Fault 
has  been  found  with  him  on  the  ground  that  there  is  throughout 
the  whole  of  his  writings  a  sort  of  overstrained  excitement,  a  wil 
ful  dwelling  upon  turbulent  and  unehastened  passions,  which,  as 
it  is  a  vice  most  incident  to  the  workings  of  real  genius,  more 
especially  of  Irish  genius,  so  perhaps  it  is  one  which  meets  with  least 
mercy  from  well-behaved,  prosaic  people." — Westminster  Review. 

Banister,  A.     A  Model  for  a'School,  by  A.  B. 

Banister,  James.     Arts  and  Sciences,  Lon.,  1785. 

Banister,  John,  a  physician,  studied  at  Oxford;  he 
took  the  degree  of  bachelor  in  1573.  1.  A  Needful,  New, 
and  Necessary  Treatise  of  Chirurgery,  Lon.,  1575.  2.  The 
Historic  of  Man,  sucked  from  the  Sappe  of  the  most  ap 
proved  Anatomist,  <fcc.,  Lon.,  1578.  He  pub.  several  other 
professional  works. 

Banister,  John,  and  Thos.  Low.  New  Ayres,  Ac., 
Lon.,  1678. 

Banister,  John,  an  eminent  botanist,  born  in  Eng 
land,  settled  in  Virginia,  where  he  was  killed  by  a  fall 
from  the  rocks  whilst  on  a  botanical  excursion.  His  death 
cut  short  a  work  on  which  he  was  engaged — The  Natural 
History  of  Virginia.  "  His  herbarium  came  into  the  pos 
session  of  Sir  Hans  Sloane,  who  thought  it  a  valuable 
acquisition."  He  contributed  botanical  papers  to  Phil. 
Trans.,  1693,  1700 ;  and  a  Catalogue  of  Plants,  observed 
by  him  in  Virginia,  will  be  found  in  Ray's  Historia  Planta- 
rum,  1704.  Ray  speaks  of  him  as  very  eminent  in  his  de 
partment.  Dr.  Houston  named  a  plant  Banisteria,  after 
him,  and  Lawson  remarks, 

Banister,  John.  A  Synopsis  of  Husbandry,Lon.,l  799. 

Banister,  Richard.  A  Treatise  of  133  Diseases  of 
the  Eyes  and  Eyelids,  Lon.,  1622  ;  Tr.  from  Guillemeau. 

"  In  my  treatise  of  the  Eyes,  I  have  named  the  best  oculists 
that  have  been  in  this  land  for  fifty  or  sixty  years,  who  were  no  gra 
duates  either  in  Cambridge  or  Oxon." — Extract  from  above  work. 


BAN 

Bankes,  Henry,  b.  about  1757,  d.  1835,  was  a  great- 
great-grandson  of  Sir  John  Bankes,  Lord  Chief  Justice 
of  the  Common  Pleas  in  the  reign  of  Charles  I.  He  was 
educated  at  Westminster,  and  Trinity  College,  Cambridge. 
He  became  M.P.,  1780,  and  was  an  acting  and  useful  Trus 
tee  of  the  British  Museum.  In  1818  he  pub.  The  Civil 
and  Constitutional  History  of  Rome,  from  the  foundation 
to  the  Age  of  Augustus.  This  work  met  with  but  little 
favour  from  the  Quarterly  Review.  See  Early  History 
of  Rome,  vol.  xxvii.  273  :  but  audi  alteram  partem  : 

"  Mr.  Bankes,  by  his  History,  has  undoubtedly  rendered  a  service 
to  the  literature  of  his  country,  and  conferred  material  obligation 
on  the  philosopher  and  the  scholar.  This  work  is  written  in  a  spirit 
of  inquiry  and  examination,  which  throws  much  light  on  subjects 
that  have  hitherto  been  greatly  neglected." — Lon.  Monthly  Review. 

Bankes,  Sir  John,  of  Queen's  Coll.,  Oxford,  Lord 
Chief  Justice  of  the  Common  Pleas  in  the  reign  of  Charles  I. 
A  table  of  his  Reports  will  be  found  in  the  Hargrave  MSS., 
No.  523. 

"  Bankes,  the  attorney,  hath  been  commended  that  he  exceeds 
Bacon  in  eloquence,  Chancellor  Ellesmere  in  judgment,  and  Wil 
liam  Noy  in  Law." — Letter  of  Lord  Stratford. 

Bankes,  Lawr.     Safe-Guard  of  the  Soul,  Lon.,  1619. 

Bankes,  Thos.  Concio  ad  Clerum  Cantabrigiae  Ha- 
bita  in  Que.  v.  x.,  Lon.,  1611. 

Bankes,  W.  H.    A  Hebrew-Eng.  Lexicon,  Lon.,  1812. 

Banks*  Religion  and  Reason  Adjusted,  Ac.,  Lon.,  1 696. 

Banks,  Sir  Jacob.  Argument  in  the  Case  of  Skip 
Money. 

Banks,  John,  a  dramatic  writer,  was  bred  an  attor- 
ney-at-law,  and  at  one  time  was  a  member  of  New  Inn. 
His  pieces  were  very  popular,  and  several  of  them  main 
tained  possession  of  the  stage  for  a  long  time.  Rival 
Kings,  Lond.,  1677.  Destruction  of  Troy,  1679.  Virtue 
Betrayed,  1682.  Island  Queens,  1684.  Unhappy  Favour 
ite,  or  the  Earl  of  Essex,  1682.  Innocent  Usurper,  1694. 
Cyrus  the  Great,  1696.  A  notice  of  his  writings  will  be 
found  in  the  Biog.  Dramat.,  where  his  power  of  interesting 
the  feelings  is  dwelt  upon  at  length. 

"  Mr.Banks's  writings  hare  in  the  general  drawn  more  tears  from, 
and  excited  more  terror  in,  even  judicious  audiences,  than  those 
of  much  more  correct  and  more  truly  poetical  authors." 

"  Yesterday  we  were  entertained  with  the  tragedy  of  the  Earl  of 
Essex,  in  which  there  is  not  one  good  line,  [perhaps  too  severe !] 
and  yet  a  play  which  was  never  seen  without  drawing  tears 
from  some  part  of  the  audience." — SIR  RICHARD  STEELE  :  Tatler. 
No.  14. 

"His  style  gives  alternate  specimens  of  vulgar  meanness  and 
of  bombast.  But  even  his  dialogue  is  not  destitute  of  occasional 
nature  and  pathos ;  and  the  value  of  his  works  as  acting  plays  is 
very  considerable." — Knight's  Eng.  Cyc. 

Banks,  John,  1709-1751,  was  born  at  Sunning,  in 
Berkshire.  He  wrote  a  number  of  poems,  Ac.  for  periodi 
cals,  pub.  for  a  time  The  Weaver's  Miscellany,  and  assisted 
in  a  Life  of  Christ.  He  pub.  a  Critical  Review  of  the  Life 
of  Oliver  Cromwell,  which  has  been  frequently  reprinted. 
He  was  encouraged  in  his  poetical  efforts  by  Pope's  sub 
scribing  for  two  copies  of  his  book. 

"  A  pleasing  and  acceptable  companion,  and  a  modest  and  unas 
suming  man,  free  from  every  inclination  to  indulge  in  contests,  or 
indulge  envy  or  malevolence." — Gibber's  Lives. 

Banks,  John.     Treatise  on  Mills,  etc.,  1795-1812. 

Banks,  Jona.  Educational  works,  Ac.,Lon.,1679-1721. 

Banks,  Sir  Joseph,  1743-1820.  This  distinguished 
naturalist  was  born,  according  to  some  accounts,  at  Reves- 
by  Abbey,  in  Lincolnshire,  the  country-seat  of  his  fa 
ther,  William  Banks,  Esq.  Others  judge,  from  the  register 
of  his  baptism,  that  he  was  born  in  Argyle  street,  London. 
In  1760  he  entered  a  gentleman  commoner  at  Christ 
Church,  Oxford.  After  a  voyage  to  Labrador  and  New 
foundland,  in  1768,  he  sailed  in  the  Endeavour  with  Cap 
tain  Cook  on  his  first  circumnavigation  of  the  world.  In 
this  expedition  he  was  accompanied  by  Dr.  Solander,  a 
naturalist  of  great  acquirements.  A  Short  Account  of  the 
Causes  of  the  Diseases  in  Corn,  called  by  Farmers  the 
Mildew  and  the  Rust,  Lon.,  1803.  Circumstances  Relative 
to  Merino  Sheep,  chiefly  collected  from  the  Spanish  Shep 
herds,  Lon.,  1809.  Contributions  to  Pennant's  Tour  in 
Scotland,  ( Account  t>f  Staffa;)  to  Archaeol.,  1796 ;  to  Trans. 
Hortic.  Society,  1815 ;  and  to  Nic.  Jour.,  1804.  Sir  Joseph 
was  President  of  the  Royal  Society  from  the  year  1777  to 
the  time  of  his  decease  in  1820. 

"  Never  perhaps  has  the  chair  been  filled  with  more  honour  to 
the  individual,  or  more  advantage  to  the  interest  of  science.  His 
time,  his  wealth,  his  influence,  his  talents,  an  incomparable  libra 
ry  of  science  and  art;  knowledge  and  judgment  to  advise;  affabi 
lity  to  conciliate  and  encourage ;  generosity  to  assist;  all,  in  short, 
of  which  he  possessed,  and  it  was  all  something  either  goodness  or 
greatness,  he  made  the  patrimony  of  the  studious  and  learned,  not 
of  his  own  country,  but  of  the  whole  world."— Lon.  Gent.  Mag.,  1820. 

Sir  Joseph  left  his  books  and  botanical  collection  to  the 
British  Museum. 

8 


BAN 

Catalogus  Bibliothecse  historieo  naturalis  Josephi  Banks, 
Baroneti,  Ac.,  Auctore  Jona.  Dryander,  Londini,  1798- 
1800,  5  vols. 

"  An  excellent  and  admirable  arranged  catalogue,  certainly  the 
most  comprehensive  of  the  kind  ever  published.  It  contains  a 
collection  of  all  the  articles  in  the  library,  and  is  illustrated  with 
much  curious  and  important  information." 

£5  to  £6  have  been  paid  for  this  catalogue  at  public  sales. 

Banks,  P.  W.  Railways  of  Europe  and  America,  Ac. 
Remarks  and  Suggestions  concerning  the  Trial  of  Contro 
verted  Elections,  or  Returns  of  Members  to  serve  in  Par 
liament,  Lon.,  1838. 

"  This  pamphlet  adds  one  more  to  the  numerous  proofs  already 
existing,  of  how  much  easier  it  is  to  find  fault  with  the  work  of 
others,  than  to  show  how  things  may  be  done  better ; — to  call  the 
Reform  Bill  a  piece  of  most  clumsy  legislation,  than  to  give  any 
reasonable  and  tangible  remedy  for  its  defects." 

Banks,  Robert.     Sermon,  Ps.  cxix.  136,  1700. 

Banks,  Thomas  Christopher,  1760-1854.  Dor 
mant  and  Extinct  Baronage  of  England,  from  the  Norman 
Conquest  to  the  Year  1809,  Lon.,  1807-09,  3  vols.  4to. 

"  A  work  of  no  merit.  The  greater  part  of  its  contents  was  co 
pied  from  Dugdale's  Baronage ;  but  as  many  of  that  -writer's  most 
important  statements,  and  all  his  references  to  his  authorities,  are 
omitted,  it  is  of  infinitely  less  value.  The  account  of  titles  created 
since  Dugdale  wrote,  is  chiefly  taken  from  Collins." — LOWNDES. 

Stemmata  Anglicana,  Lon.,  1825. 

"  The  only  valuable  portion  of  the  work  is  that  entitled  Barones 
Rejecti,  being  an  account  of  individuals  who  appear  to  have  held 
the  rank  of  Barons,  but  who  are  not  noticed  by  other  writers, 
which  in  many  instancesexhibits  proofs  of  considerable  research." 
— Ibid. 

See  Monthly  Review,  vol.  liv.,  1807.  Mr.  Banks  has 
pub.  several  works  of  a  similar  character  to  the  above. 

Bankton,  Lord  Andrew  McDouall.  Institutes 
of  the  Law  of  Scotland  in  Civil  Rights,  Ac.,  Edin.,  1750. 

Bannantine,  James.  Memoirs  of  Col.  Despard, 
1799.  Other  publications,  1803-15. 

Bannatyne,Dugald.  Essay  on  Polit.  Economy,  1816. 

Bannatyne,  George,  1545-1607,  was  the  compiler 
of  the  celebrated  MS.  Corpus  Poeticum  Scotorum,  now  in 
the  Advocates'  Library,  Edinburgh.  The  MS.  was  for  a 
long  time  preserved  in  the  family  of  Mrs.  Foulis,  (Banna- 
tyne's  daughter.)  In  1712  it  came  into  the  hands  of  the 
Hon.  Wm.  Carmichael  of  Stirling,  brother  to  the  Earl  of 
Hyndford.  In  1772  it  was  presented  by  the  then  earl  to 
the  Advocates'  Library.  Allen  Ramsey  drew  the  specimens 
in  his  Evergreen  from  this  MS.  Sir  David  Dalrymple, 
afterwards  Lord  Hailes,  published  a  selection  from  it  in 
1770,  12mo.  A  reprint,  Leeds,  1815,  200  copies  on  com 
mon  paper,  and  31  on  coloured  paper.  Of  Bannatyne  we 
know  but  little.  Sir  Walter  Scott  remarks,  (Diary,) 

"Wrought  upon  an  introduction  to  the  notices  which  have  been 
recovered  of  George  Bannatyne.  .  .  .  They  are  very  jejune,  these 
same  notices ;  a  mere  record  of  matters  of  business,  putting  forth 
and  calling  in  sums  of  money,  and  such  like.  Yet  it  is  a  satisfac 
tion  to  know  that  thjs  great  benefactor  to  the  literature  of  Scot 
land  had  a  prosperous  life,  and  enjoyed  the  pleasures  of  domestic 
society,  and  in  a  tune  peculiarly  perilous  lived  unmolested,  and 
died  in  quiet." 

The  Memorials  of  George  Bannatyne,  1545-1608,  edited 
by  Sir  Walter  Scott  and  D.  Laing,  Esq.,  was  pub.  in  1826 : 
it  is  No.  XXXI.  of  the  works  issued  by  the  Bannatyne 
Club.  This  club  was  founded  in  1823  by  Sir  Walter  Scott, 
an4  he  regularly  presided  over  its  meetings,  from  1823  to 
1831.  It  consisted  originally  of  only  31  members;  but  as 
many  persons  of  rank  and  literary  distinction  were  anx 
ious  to  become  connected  with  it,  in  1828  the  number 
was  increased  to  100. 

"  The  Bannatyne  Club  was  a  child  of  his  own,  and  from  first  to 
last  he  took  a  most  fatherly  concern  in  all  its  proceedings.  His 

Sractical  sense  dictated  a  direction  of  their  funds  widely  different 
•om  what  had  been  adopted  by  the  Roxburghe.  Their  club-books 
already  constitute  a  very  curious  and  valuable  library  of  Scottish 
history  and  antiquities :  their  example  has  been  followed  with  not 
inferior  success  by  the  Maitland  Club  of  Glasgow — which  was 
soon  afterwards  instituted  on  a  similar  model,  and  of  which,  also, 
Sir  Walter  Scott  was  a  zealous  associate ; — and  since  his  death  a 
third  club  of  this  class,  founded  at  Edinburgh  in  his  honour,  and 
styled  the  Abbotsford  Club,  has  taken  a  still  wider  range ; — not 
confining  their  printing  to  works  connected  with  Scotland,  but 
admitting  all  materials  that  can  throw  light  on  the  ancient  history 
or  literature  of  any  country,  anywhere  described  or  discussed  by 
the  author  of  Waverley."— Lockhart's  Life  of  Scott. 

Sir  Walter's  hope  expressed  in  his  Diary— "I  hope  the 
Bannatyne  Club  will  be  really  useful  and  creditable,"— 
has  been  amply  fulfilled  :  Q.  E.  D.  by  the  list  of  its  pub 
lications  recorded  in  "Hume's  Learned  Societies  and  Print 
ing  Clubs."  We  have  a  noble  specimen  of  its  press  now 
before  us ; — the  Catalogue  of  the  Library  at  Abbotsford, 
presented  to  the  President  and  Members  by  Major  Sir 
Walter  Scott,  (December,  1838.)  This  grand  catalogue 
was  compiled  by  that  able  bibliographer,  Mr.  Cochrane, 
of  the  London  Library. 

113 


BAN 

»«In  some  instances  Sir  Walter's  MS.  notes  to  the  various  books 
have  been  extracted,  but  there  are  numberless  references  to  his 
works  where  the  books  have  been  used  or  quoted." 

Think  of  that,  thou  non-possessor,  and  weep!  Thrice 
happy  niay  that  man  deem  himself  who  can  "  number  in 
his  list"  of  BIBLIOGRAPHY  a  copy  of  the  ABBOTSFORD 
CATALOGUE!  And  here  we  have  it,  "sub  oculis  mani- 
busque !" 

Bannatyne,  Richard,  Secretary  to  John  Knox. 
Journal  of  the  Transactions  in  Scotland  during  the  Con 
test  between  the  Adherents  of  Queen  Mary  and  those  of 
her  son,  in  1570,  '71,  '72,  '73,  Edin.,  1806. 

Bannatyne,  Sir  Wm.,  1743-1834,  an  eminent  Scot 
tish  lawyer,  one  of  the  founders  of  the  Highland  Society  i 
of  Scotland,  contributed  some  pieces,  which  have  been 
highly  commended,  to  the  Mirror  and  Lounger. 

Banner,  Richard.     On  Symony,  Lon.,  1716. 

Banner,  Richard.    Music  at  Worcester;  a  Sermon, 

1737. 

Bannerman,Anne.  Poems,   Ed.  1800.  Tales,  1802.  | 

Bannister,  Rev.  James.     Translation  from  Euri-  i 
pides,  Lon.,  1780.    Pindar,  1791.    Other  works,  1785-1802.  ! 

Bannister,  S.     Reports  of  Judgments  by  Sir  Orlando  i 
Bridgman,  from  M.  T.,  1660,  to  T.  T.,  1667,  edited  from  the 
Hargrave  MSS.,  Lon.,  1823. 

Bansley,  Charles.     A  Rhyming  Satire  on  the  Pride  ; 
and  Vices  of  Women  now-a-days.     Black  letter,  commenc 
ing  with 

"  Bo-peep,  what  have  we  spied  ?" 

This  author,  unfortunate  in  having  lived  in  such  evil 
days,  has  affixed  no  date  to  his  ill-natured  Satire  against 
the  ladies.  Perhaps  he  was  an  unworthy,  and,  therefore, 
justly  rejected,  suitor,  and  revenged  himself  by  this 
wholesale  attack  on  the  sex.  This  is  supposed  to  have 
been  written  circa  1540. 

Banson,  John.    A  Fast  Sermon,  Lon.,  1730. 

Banvard,  Rev.  Joseph.  Illust.  of  the  Life,  &c. 
of  Danl.  Webster,  N.  York,  16mo.  Plymouth  and  the 
Pilgrims,  16mo.  Novelties  of  the  New  World,  16mo. 
Romance  of  American  History,  16mo.  The  Christian 
Melodist,  18mo. 

Banyer,  Edward.     Sermons,  Lon.,  1739-47. 

Banyer,  Henry,  M.D.  Profess.  Works,  Lon.,  1717-40. 

Banyer,  Josiah.     Sermon,  Heb.  xi.  29,  1666. 

Barbauld,  Anna  Letitia,  1743-1825,  was  born  at 
Kibworth,  Leicester,  where  her  father,  the  Rev.  John 
Aikin,  LL.D.,  a  Dissenting  minister,  was  master  of  an  ex 
cellent  academy.  See  the  memoir  of  her  brother,  Dr. 
John  Aikin,  in  this  volume.  She  gave  early  indications 
of  uncommon  powers  of  mind,  which  were  cultivated  by 
a  thorough  English  and  classical  education.  In  1773  she 
was  persuaded  to  publish  a  volume  of  miscellaneous 
poems,  which  was  so  well  received  that  four  editions  were 
issued  within  the  year.  In  the  same  year  her  brother  and 
herself  published  a  volume  of  Miscellaneous  Pieces  in 
Prose.  In  1774  she  was  married  to  the  Rev.  Rochemont 
Barbauld,  a  Dissenting  minister,  descended  from  a  family 
of  French  Protestants.  The  newly-married  pair  opened  a 
school  at  the  village  of  Palgrave,  and  Mrs.  Barbauld's 
literary  fame,  and  her  devotion  to  the  duties  of  instruc 
tion,  soon  secured  celebrity  and  success  to  the  academy. 
Her  Early  Lessons  for  Children,  and  Hymns  in  Prose  for 
Children,  proved  useful,  not  only  to  her  own  pupils,  but 
also  to  many  thousands  who  have  lived  to  carry  out  the 
excellent  principles  inculcated  by  these  invaluable  ma 
nuals  for  the  young.  In  1775  appeared  her  Devotional 
Pieces,  composed  from  the  Psalms  and  the  Book  of  Job. 

"The  author  of  the  thoughts  prefixed  to  these  Devotional 
Pieces  hath  employed  her  able  and  masterly  pen  to  show  that  a 
devotional  spirit  is  not  beneath  the  attention  of  the  most  culti 
vated  and  philosophical  spirits,  or,  in  the  expressive  words  which 
she  has  chosen  for  the  motto  of  her  work,  that 

Praise  is  devotion  jit  for  migMy  minds. 

.  .  .  Before  we  take  our  leave  of  this  ingenious  production,  the 
author  will  pardon  us  if  we  express  a  wish  that  she  would  not 
suffer  herself  to  be  so  enamored  of  David's  harp,  as  entirely  to  lay 
aside  her  own  charming  lyre." — Lon.  Monthly  Review,  1785. 

In  1785  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Barbauld,  finding  repose  neces 
sary,  gave  up  their  school,  and  visited  Switzerland  and 
France,  where  they  remained  for  nearly  a  twelvemonth. 
In  1790  Mrs.  Barbauld  published  A  Poetical  Epistle  to 
Mr.  Wilberforce,  on  the  Rejection  of  the  Bill  for  Abolish 
ing  the  Slave  Trade.  In  1792  appeared  Remarks  on  Gil 
bert  Wakefield's  Inquiry  into  the  Expediency  and  Proprie 
ty  of  Public  and  Social  Worship. 

Evenings  at  Home,  the  joint  production  of  Mrs.  Bar- 
bauld  and  her  brother,  Dr.  John  Aikin,  was  commenced 
in  1792,  and  completed  in  1795,  in  6  vols.  In  this  excel 
lent  work  Mrs.  Barbauld's  share  was  not  considerable.  It 

114 


BAR 

is  said  that  not  more  than  one-twelfth  of  the  whole  was 
contributed  by  her  pen.  See  more  respecting  Evenings 
at  Home  in  memoir  of  Dr.  John  Aikin. 

In  1802  Mr.  Barbauld  became  pastor  of  a  congregation 
at  Newington-Green,  and  a  resident  of  the  village  of 
Stoke-Newington.  Mrs.  Barbauld  pub.,  in  1804,  Selec 
tions  from  the  Spectator,  Tatler,  Guardian,  and  Free 
holder.  In  the  same  year  she  contributed  a  Life  of  Samuel 
Richardson  to  his  Correspondence.  In  1808  she  was 
called  to  mourn  the  death  of  her  husband,  who  had  given 
up  the  exercise  of  his  ministerial  duties  two  years  previ 
ously.  In  1810  she  edited  a  series  of  the  British  Novel 
ists,  pub.  in  50  vols.  The  Female  Spectator  appeared  in 
1811;  and  in  the  next  year  was  pub.  Eighteen  Hundred 
and  Eleven,  a  Poem  of  a  political  character,  and  any 
thing  but  cheerful  in  its  tone. 

This  excellent  lady  lived  to  the  advanced  age  of  82.  An 
edition  of  her  works  was  published  in  two  volumes  after 
her  death,  with  a  memoir  of  the  authoress,  by  her  niece 
Lucy,  daughter  of  Dr.  John  Aikin,  herself  a  writer  of 
considerable  note.  Mrs.  Barbauld's  imitation  of  Dr. 
Johnson,  in  her  Essays  on  Romance,  was  thus  noticed  by 
the  doctor  himself: 

"The  imitators  of  my  style  have  not  hit  it.  Miss  Aikin  has 
done  it  the  best;  for  she  has  imitated  the  sentiments  as  well  us 
the  diction."— BoswtWs  Life  of  Johnson. 

We  find  another  reference  by  the  Doctor  to  Miss  Aikin : 
"  Too  much  is  expected  from  precocity,  and  too  little  performed. 
Miss  Aikin  was  an  instance  of  early  cultivation,  but  in  what  did 
it  terminate  ?     In  marrying  a  little  Presbyterian  parson,  who  keeps 
an  infant  boarding-school,  so  that  all  her  employment  now  is 

'  To  suckle  fools,  and  chronicle  small  beer.' 

She  tells  the  children,  '  This  is  a  cat,  and  that  is  a  dog,  with  four 
legs  and  a  tail ;  see  there !  you  are  much  better  than  a  cat  or  a  dog, 
for  you  can  speak.'  If  I  had  bestowed  such  an  education  on  a 
daughter,  and  had  discovered  that  she  thought  of  marrying  such 
a  fellow,  I  would  have  sent  her  to  the  Congress." 

Nemo  mortalium  omnibus  horia  sapit ;  and  this  is  one  of 
the  many  very  foolish  speeches  of  a  very  wise  man.  Could 
the  highly-educated  young  lady  have  been  better  employed 
than  in  promoting  the  mental,  moral,  and  religious  im 
provement  of  those  who  were  in  a  few  years  to  influence 
society  so  greatly  for  good  or  for  evil  ? 

"  Her  earliest  pieces,  as  well  as  her  more  recent  ones,  exhibit  in 
their  imagery  and  allusions  the  fruits  of  extensive  and  varied 
reading.  In  youth  the  power  of  her  imagination  was  counter 
balanced  by  the  activity  of  her  intellect,  which  exercised  itself  in 
rapid  but  not  unprofitable  excursions  over  almost  every  field  of 
knowledge.  In  age,  when  this  activity  abated,  imagination  ap 
peared  to  exert  over  her  an  undiminished  sway." — LUCY  AIKIN. 

"  To  claim  for  Mrs.  Barbauld  the  praise  of  purity  and  elevation 
of  mind,  might  well  appear  superfluous.     She  is  decidedly  one  of 
,  the  most  eminent  female  writers  which  England  has  produced; 
and  both  in  prose  and  poetry  she  takes  the  highest  rank.    Her 
prose  style  is  easy  and  graceful,  alike  calculated  to  engage  the  most 
!  common  and  the  most  elevated  understanding." — C.  D.  CLEVELAND. 
Of  her  songs,  Charles  James  Fox  is  said  to  have  been  a 
!  warm  admirer. 

"  The  moral  qualities  of  this  admirable  woman  reflected  back  a 
double  lustre  on  her  intellectual  endowments.  Her  principles  were 
pure  and  exalted,  her  sentiments  on  all  occasions  mild,  candid, 
and  generous.  .  .  .  Her  society  was  equally  a  benefit  and  a  de 
light  to  all  within  her  sphere.  She  possessed  many  and  warm 
friends,  and  passed  through  a  long  life  without  an  enemy."— ion. 
Gent.  Mag.,  1825. 

Barber.     Book  of  Psalm  Tunes,  in  four  parts,  1687. 
Barber,  Capt.     Military  Treatises,  1804-05. 
Barber,  Ed.     Treatise  of  Baptism,  Lon.,  1641. 
Barber,  Elizabeth  G.     See  BARBER,  JOHN  W. 
Barber,  J.  T.    A  Tour  throughout  South  Wales  and 
Monmouthshire,  <fec.,  with  a  Map  and  20  Views.      This 
i  work,  although  chiefly  picturesque,  describes  the  manners 
j  of  the  people. 

Barber,  Jas.  The  Navy  the  Sole  Defence  of  the 
1  Nation ;  a  Sermon  on  Ps.  cvii.  23,  24,  1735. 

Barber,  John,  of  All  Souls' College,  Oxford,  graduated 
doctor  of  civil  law  in  1532.  He  resided  with,  and  was 
greatly  esteemed  by,  Archbishop  Cranmer.  He  contributed 
to  the  compilation  of  The  Necessary  Doctrine  and  Erudi 
tion  of  a  Christian  Man. 

Barber,  John  W.,  born  1798, 'at  Windsor,  Conn. 
History  and  Antiquities  of  New  Haven,  12mo,  1831.  Re 
ligious  Events  from  the  Commencement  of  the  Christian 
Era,  12mo,  1832.  Connecticut  Historical  Collections,  Svo, 
1836;  of  this  work  several  editions  have  been  issued. 
Massachusetts  Historical  Collections,  Svo,  1839.  Incidents 
in  American  History,  12mo,  1847.  Elements  of  General 
History,  16mo,  1844.  Religious  Emblems  and  Allegories, 
12mo,  1848.  European  Historical  Collections,  Svo,  1855. 
In  connection  with  H.  Howe,  New  York  Historical  Collec 
tions,  Svo,  1841.  New  Jersey  Historical. Collections,  8vo, 
1844.  In  connection  with  Elizabeth  G.  Barber,  Historical, 
;  Poetical,  and  Pictorial  American  Scenes,  12rno,  1850. 


BAR 

Barber,  Joseph.  Six  Sermons  on  Regeneration, 
1770.  Sermon  on  the  death  of  the  Rev.  N.  Trottman, 
Lon.,  1793. 

Barber,  Mary,  1712  F-1757,  one  of  Dean  Swift's  lite 
rary  friends,  pub.  a  volume  of  Poems,  1734,  4to,  under  the 
patronage  of  Lord  Orrery  and  the  Dean. 

"  The}'  are  moral,  and  not  inelegant." 

Barber,  Wm.  Farm  Buildings  and  Rural  Economy, 
Lon.,  1805,  etc.  See  Donaldson's  Agricult.  Biog. 

Barbier,  J.  The  Famous  Game  of  Chesse  Play, 
Lon.,  1672. 

"  A  treatise  of  no  merit."— LOWNDES. 

Barbier,  John.  Liturgy,  a  most  divine  Service,  in 
answer  to  a  late  pamphlet  against  it;  also  twelve  Argu 
ments  against  Bishops  are  clearly  answered,  Oxf.,  1663. 

Barbon,  Nicholas.     A  work  on  Coining,  Lon.,  1696. 

Barbot,  John.  A  Description  of  the  Coasts  of  North 
and  South  Guinea,  and  of  Ethiopia  Inferior,  vulgarly  called 
Angola.  See  Churchill's  Voyages,  vol.  v*  p.  1. 

Barbour,  Barber,  Barbere,  or  Barbar,  John, 
Archdeacon  of  Aberdeen,  d.  1396,  is  one  of  the  earliest 
Scottish  poets  and  historians.  The  date  (1316-20-26-30  ?) 
and  place  of  his  birth  are  involved  in  obscurity  :  both  have 
excited  much  controversy :  (see  the  dissertations  of  Irving, 
Pinkerton,  Henry,  Jamieson,  Warton,  Lord  Hailes,  Ac.) 
The  only  production  of  his  extant  may  be  entitled  a  na 
tional  work :  it  is  called  The  Bruce,  and  is  a  metrical 
chronicle  of  the  warlike  deeds  of  Robert  the  First  (1306- 
1329)  in  his  efforts  for  the  independence  of  his  beloved 
country.  Dr.  Henry  is  of  opinion  that  this  work  was  un 
dertaken  at  the  request  of  David  II.,  the  son  and  successor 
of  Barbour's  hero;  but  of  this  we  have  no  evidence.  Bar 
bour  appears  to  have  composed  another  book,  most  probably 
in  rhyme,  in  which  a  genealogical  history  of  the  Kings  of 
Scotland  was  set  forth,  and  their  origin  deduced  from  the 
Trojan  Colony  of  Brutus.  To  this  work,  apparently  the 
same  which  is  quoted  by  the  Prior  of  Lochleven,  under 
the  title  of  the  Brute,  we  find  references  in  Winton's 
Chronicle : 

"  Fra  quham  BARBERE  sutely 
Has  made  a  propyr  Genealogy, 
Tyl  Robert  cure  secovrnd  kyng, 
That  Scotland  had  in  governyng. 
"  Of  Bruttus  lyneage  quha  wyll  her, 
He  luk  the  tretis  of  BARBERE, 
Mad  in-tyl  a  Genealogy 
Rycht  vrele,  and  mare  perfytly 
Than  I  can  on  ony  wys 
Wytht  all  my  wyt  to  yowe  dewys." 

Winton's  Chronyldl  of  Scotland;  quoted  by  Dr.  Irving  in  Encyc. 
Brit.:  see  this  article. 

Editions  of  The  Bruce  were  pub.  in  1616,  1648,  1655, 
1670,  1671,  1672,  1737,  1758,  Ac.,  in  all,  it  is  said,  20  edi 
tions  have  been  pub.  in  Scotland  since  1616.  In  1790  Mr. 
Pinkerton  pub.  an  edition  in  3  vols. ;  and  in  1820  Dr. 
Jamieson  pub.  one  in  2  vols.,  with  a  Life  of  the  Author 
prefixed.  Warton  notices  Barbour  and  Henry  the  Minstrel 
in  these  terms : 

•'  Although  this  work  is  professedly  confined  to  England,  yet  I 
cannot  pass  over  two  Scotch  poets  of  this  period,  who  have  adorned 
the  English  language  by  a  strain  of  versification,  expression,  and 
poetical  imagery  far  superior  to  their  age ;  and  who,  consequently, 
deserve  to  be  mentioned  in  a  general  review  of  the  progress  of  our 
national  poetry."— History  of  English  Poetry,  vol.  ii. 

The  historian  had  some  claim  to  include  Barbour  in  his 
worthies,  as  his  is  one  of  the  eminent  names  that  adorn 
the  proud  scroll  of  Oxford.  In  1357  a  safe-conduct  was 
granted  by  Edward  III.  of  England,  by  request  of  David 
II.  of  Scotland,  to  "John  Barber,  Archdeacon  of  Aber 
deen,  with  three  scholars  in  his  company,  coming  [into 
England]  in  order  to  study  in  the  University  of  Oxford, 
and  perform  his  scholastic  exercises."  We  need  not  inform 
the  scholar  conversant  with  literary  history,  that  it  is  still 
a  mooted  point  what  we  are  to  understand  by  this  phrase 
ology  :  our  own  opinion  is  that  the  safe-conduct  of  1357 
can  be  easily  interpreted  by  the  aid  of  a  similar  document 
of  1364,  and  the  one  which  refers  to  France,  dated  1368. 
But  we  have  no  space  for  the  discussion  of  "mooted  points;" 
therefore  must  hasten  on. 

"  Barbour  seems  to  have  been  acquainted  with  those  finer  springs 
of  the  human  heart  which  elude  vulgar  observation :  he  catches 
the  shades  of  character  with  a  delicate  eye,  and  sometimes  pre 
sents  us  with  instances  of  nice  discrimination.  His  work  is  not 
a  mere  narrative  of  events ;  it  contains  specimens  of  that  minute 
and  skilful  delineation  whichmarks  the  hand  of  a  poet."— Dr.  Ir- 
ring's  Lives  of  the  Scottish  Poets. 

Mr.  Pinkerton  speaks  of  Barbour  in  no  measured  terms 
of  commendation : 

"  Perhaps  the  editor  may  be  accused  of  nationality,  when  he 
says,  that,  taking  the  total  merits  of  this  work  together,  he  prefers 
it  to  the  early  exertions  of  even  the  Italian  muse,  to  the  melan 
choly  sublimity  of  Dante,  and  the  amorous  quaintnessof  Petrarca, 


BAR 

as  much  as  M.  Le  Grand  does  &  fabliau  to  a  Provengal  ditty.  Here 
indeed  the  reader  will  find  few  of  the  graces  of  fine  poetry,  little 
of  the  attic  dress  of  the  muse ;  but  here  are  life  and  spirit,  and 
ease  and  plain  sense,  and  pictures  of  real  manners,  and  perpetual 
incident  and  entertainment.  The  language  is  remarkably  good 
for  the  time,  and  for  superior  in  neatness  and  elegance  even  to  that 
of  Gawin  Douglass,  who  wrote  more  than  a  century  after." — Pre 
face  to  Barbour. 

With  regard  to  the  language  of  The  Bruce,  it  is  cer 
tainly  "  very  remarkable  that  Barbour,  who  was  contem 
porary  with  Gower  and  Chaucer,  is  more  intelligible  to  a 
modern  reader  than  either  of  these  English  poets." 

"  Our  archdeacon  was  not  only  famous  for  his  extensive  know 
ledge  in  the  philosophy  and  divinity  of  those  times,  but  still  more 
admired  for  his  admirable  genius  for  English  poetry ;  in  which  he 
composed  a  history  of  the  life  and  glorious  actions  of  Robert  Bruce. . . 
A  work  not  only  remarkable  for  a  copious  circumstantial  detail  of 
the  exploits  of  that  illustrious  prince,  and  his  brave  companions 
in  arms,  Randolff,  Earl  of  Moray,  and  the  Lord  James  Douglass, 
but  also  for  the  beauty  of  its  style,  which  is  not  inferior  to  that 
of  his  contemporary,  Chaucer."— Henry's  History  of  Great  Britain  : 
Mackenzie's  Lives. 

Dr.  Nott,  also,  speaks  of  the  resemblance  to  Chaucer : 

"  He  had  given  to  his  countrymen  a  fine  example  of  the  simple, 
energetic  style,  which  resembled  Chaucer's  best  manner,  and 
wanted  little  to  make  it  the  genuine  language  of  poetry."— Diss. 
on  the  State  of  English  Poetry,  <6c. 

But  Mr.  Spalding  does  not  set  quite  so  high  an  estimate 
on  the  Archdeacon's  poetry : 

"  If  we  were  to  compare  it  with  the  contemporary  poetry  of  Eng 
land,  its  place  would  be  very  high;  Chaucer  being  set  aside  as 
unapproachable,  Barbour  must  be  pronounced  much  superior  to 
Gower,  and  still  more  so  to  the  anonymous  writers  of  the  very 
best  of  the  metrical  romances." — History  of  English  Literature. 

"  Sir  Walter  Scott,  whose  '  Lord  of  the  Isles'  owes  much  to  '  The 
Bruce,'  and  might  profitably  be  compared  with  it,  has  not  forgot 
ten  one  of  the  finest  of  those  passages  in  which  we  are  told  how 
the  king,  pursued  by  a  superior  force,  ordered  his  band  to  turn 
and  face  the  enemy,  rather  than  abandon  to  them  a  poor  woman 
who  had  been  seized  with  illness."— Ibid. 

See  a  letter  from  Sir  Walter  Scott  to  George  Ellis,  May 
26,  1805 : 

"  If  you  will  turn  to  Barbour's  Bruce,  (Pinkerton's  edition,  p.  66,) 
you  will  find  that  the  Lord  of  Lorn,  seeing  Bruce  covering  the  re 
treat  of  his  followers,  compares  him  to  Gow  Mac  Morn,  (Macpher- 
son's  Gaul,  the  son  of  Morni.)  This  similitude  appears  to  Barbour 
a  disparagement." — Lockhart's  Life  of  Scott. 

Barbour,  Oliver  Lorenzo,  born  1811  in  Washing 
ton  co.,  N.  Y.  1.  Equity  Digest,  embracing  English,  Irish, 
and  American  Reports,  4  vols.  8vo,  1836-41. 

"  To  the  student  and  practitioner  in  Chancery  this  book  will  be 
a  valuable,  and  almost  necessary,  key  to  the  multitudinous  deci 
sions  in  Chancery  which  are  scattered  throughout  upwards  of  300 
vols.  of  American  Reports." — Am.  Jurist,  vol.  17,  p.  366. 

2.  Collyer  on  Partnership,  edited  with  notes  and  refer 
ences  to  recent  decisions,  1838.  3.  Chitty  on  Bills,  edited 
with  notes  and  references  to  recent  decisions,  2d  ed.,  1841. 
4.  Criminal  Law ;  A  Treatise  on  Criminal  Law,  and  on  the 
Jurisdiction,  Duty,  and  Authority  of  Justices  of  the  Peace, 
and  the  Power  and  Duty  of  Sheriffs,  Constables,  <fec.  in 
Criminal  Cases,  8vo,  2d  ed.,  1852. 

"  We  heartily  recommend  it  to  the  profession,  to  magistrates,  to 
District  Attorneys,  and  to  all  those  who  are  desirous  of  becoming 
familiar  with  Criminal  Law."— 10  Legal  Observer,  p.  224. 

5.  A  Treatise  on  the  Law  of  Set-off,  1841.  6.  A  Trea 
tise  on  the  Practice  of  the  Court  of  Chancery,  2  vols.,  1843. 

"  The  work  of  Mr.  Barbour  on  Chancery  Practice  appears  to  mo 
entitled  to  high  approbation  for  its  completeness,  accuracy,  and 
clear  method." — JUDGE  STORY. 

7.  Reports  of  Cases  decided  in  the  Court  of  Chancery 
of  the  State  of  New  York,  3  vols.,  1847-49. 

"  The  Reports  of  Mr.  Barbour,  both  in  Law  and  Equity,  sustain 
a  high  rank  in  Legal  Bibliography."— 2  Law  Reporter,  N.  S.,  271. 

"  The  precision  and  neatness  which  characterize  these  Reports 
are  worthy  the  author  of  one  of  the  best  works  on  Chancery  Prac 
tice  which  has  been  written  in  this  country." — Pennsylvania  Law 
Journal. 

8.  Reports  of  Cases  decided  in  the  Supreme  Court  of 
the  State  of  New  York,  18  vols.,  1848-54. 

"  The  selection  of  the  cases  appears  most  judicious :  the  prepara 
tion  of  the  points,  or  head-notes,  to  each  case,  exhibits  a  combina 
tion  of  care  and  skill ;  and  the  same  may  be  said  of  the  index, 
which  is  so  full  and  complete,  that  a  reference  to  any  of  the  points 
decided  is  a  matter  of  easy  attainment." — Code  Reporter,  Aug.,  1849. 

"  The  way  in  which  these  cases  have  been  reported  by  Mr.  Bar 
bour  reflects  great  credit  upon  him."— 8  Legal  Observer,  p.  240. 

Barbour,  Robt.   An  Essay  on  Weaving,  Glasg.,  1 759. 

Barbut,  Jas.  Genera  Insectorum  of  Linnaeus,  Lon.. 
1781. 

"Indispensable  to  the  student  In  Linnsean  Entomology." — 
HAWORTH. 

Genera  Vermium,  Lon.,  1783-88. 

Barchnam  or  Barkham,  John,  1572-1642,  a  di 
vine  and  antiquary,  admitted  of  Exeter  College,  Oxf.,  1587, 

"  Was  a  person  very  skilful  in  divers  tongues,  a  curious  critic,  a 
noted  antiquary,  especially  in  the  knowledge  of  coins,  an  exact  His 
torian,  Herald,  and,  as  'tis  said,  an  able  Theologist."— Athen.  Oxon. 

He  wrote  the  Lives  of  Kings  Henry  II.  and  John,  in 


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Speed's  History  of  England;  and  was  author  of  a  Pre 
face  to  Crakanthorpe's  Defensio  Ecclesiae  Anglicanse,  Lon., 
1625.  But  the  most  remarkable  fact  in  his  literary  history 
is  his  authorship  of  The  Display  of  Heraldry,  Lon.,  1610, 
bearing  the  name  of  John  Guillim.  Anthony  Wood,  after 
remarking  that  this  book  was  "much  used  by  Novices, 
and  the  best  in  that  kind  that  ever  before  was  published," 
proceeds — 

"This  book  being  mostly  composed  in  his  younger  years,  he 
deemed  it  too  light  a  subject  for  him  to  own,  being  then  (when 
published)  a  grave  Divine,  Chapl.  to  an  Archbishop,  and  not  un 
likely  a  Dean.  Whereupon,  being  well  acquainted  with  John  Guil- 
lim,  an  Officer  of  Arms,  he  gave  him  the  copy,  who,  adding  some 
trivial  things  to  it,  published  it,  with  leave  from  the  author,  un 
der  his  own  name,  and  it  goeth  to  this  day  under  the  name  of 
Guillim's  Heraldry.  He  also  wrote  a  book  concerning  coins  in  MS., 
but  where  it  is  now  I  know  not.  Sure  I  am  that  he  had  the  best 
Collection  of  Coins  of  any  Clergyman  in  England,  which  being 
given  by  him  to  Dr.  Laud,  Archb.  of  Cant.,  (who  much  desired 
them,)  they  came  soon  after,  by  his  gift,  to  Bodley's  Library,  and 
are  at  this  day  reposed  in  the  Gallery  adjoining." — Athen.  Oxon. 
Fuller  also  refers  to  his  coin-collecting  propensity : 
"  He  was  a  greater  lover  of  coins  than  of  money ;  rather  curious 
in  the  stamps  than  covetous  for  the  metal  thereof." — Worthies. 

Barckley,  Sir  Richard.  Discourse  of  the  Felicitie 
of  Man,  or  his  Summum  Bonum,  Lon.,  1598 :  reprinted 
1603,  1631. 

"  A  garner  filled  with  the  most  amusing  and  best  histories  and 
little  narrations,  told  in  the  author's  own  words,  and  occasionally 
enlarged,  but  in  perfect  keeping  and  consistency.  ...  It  purports 
to  be  an  ethical  treatise  on  human  happiness,  consisting  of  six 
books.  In  the  first,  the  author  offers  to  prove,  and  by  example  to 
show,  that  felicity  consists  not  in  pleasure ; — in  the  second,  not 
in  riches ; — in  the  third,  not  in  honour  and  glory ; — in  the  fourth, 
not  in  moral  virtue,  after  the  academicks  and  peripateticks,  nor  in 
philosophical  contemplation; — in  the  fifth,  he  declares  his  own 
opinion  of  the  happiness  of  this  life ; — and  in  the  sixth,  he  shows 
wherein  consists  the  true  felicity  and  Summum  Bonum  of  man, 
and  the  way  to  attain  it."— Retrospective  Review,  vol.  i.  271.  Read 
this  interesting  article,  which  contains  extracts. 

The  good  knight,  after  considering  the  disappointment 
to  which  those  are  subjected  who  are  still  anxiously  in 
quiring — "  who  will  show  us  any  good  ?" — comes  to  a  con 
clusion  which  we  trust  each  one  of  our  readers  will  endorse. 
"  To  worship  and  glorifie  God  in  this  life,  that  we  may  be  joined 
to  him  in  the  world  to  come,  is  our  beatitude,  or  Summum  Bonum." 
Barclay,  Barcley,  Barklay,  or  de  Barklay, 
Alexander,  d.  1552,  at  an  advanced  age,  is  supposed  by 
Wood  to  have  been  a  native  of  Somersetshire,  or  its  vici 
nity;  Warton  assigns  him  to  Gloucestershire,  or  Devon 
shire  ;  Bale  and  Pits  are  of  opinion  that  he  was  from  north 
of  the  Tweed,  and  Dr.  Bulleyn  declares  he  was  a  Scotch 
man.  In  1495  we  find  him  of  Oriel  College,  Oxford.  He 
was  first  a  priest  of  the  college  of  St.  Mary  Ottery,  in  De 
vonshire  ;  secondly,  of  the  order  of  St.  Benedict ;  thirdly,  of 
the  order  of  St.  Francis.  After  the  dissolution  of  the  monas 
tery  of  Ely,  he  became  vicar  of  Wokey,  in  Somersetshire,  was 
afterwards  translated  to  Baddow  Magna  in  Essex ;  and  last 
ly  was  presented  to  the  vicarage  of  All  Saints,  Lombard 
Street,  on  April  30, 1552 ;  a  few  weeks  after  which,  he  died. 
The  principal  work  in  which  Barclay  was  concerned  is 
one  the  very  mention  of  which  excites  the  enthusiasm  of  the 
true  Bibliomaniac.  It  is  entitled  THE  SHYP  OP  FOLYS  OF 
THE  WORLDE,  and  was  printed  by  Pynson,  in  1509.  It 
is  founded  upon  the  original  work  of  this  name,  of  Sebas 
tian  Brandt — a  German  satire  upon  the  follies  of  all  ranks 
— and  upon  the  French  and  Latin  translation  thereof. 
Barclay's  poem  is  in  the  balade,  or  octave,  stanza:  we  give 
an  extract  which  is  as  severe  a  satire  on  the  ignorant  book- 
collector  as  the  invective  of  Lucian,  or  the  humour  of 
La  Bruy^re  : 

The  First  Fool  in  the  Ship  is  the  Ignorant  Bookworm : 
(loquitur:) 

"  Lo  in  likewise  of  Bookes  I  have  store, 
But  few  I  reade,  and  fewer  understande; 
I  folowe  not  their  doctrine,  nor  their  lore. 
It  is  enough  to  bear  a  booke  in  hande : 
It  were  too  much  to  be  in  such  a  lande, 
For  to  be  bounde  to  loke  within  the  booke: 
I  am  content  on  the  fayre  coveryng  to  looke.  .  .  . 
"  Still  am  I  busy  bookes  assembling, 
For  to  have  plentie  it  is  a  pleasaunt  thing, 
In  my  concey t  to  have  them  ay  in  hand ; 
But  what  they  meane  do  I  not  understande. 
«  But  yet  I  have  them  in  great  reverence 
And  honour,  saving  them  from  filth  and  ordure ; 
By  often  brushing  and  much  diligence : 
Full  goodly  bounde  in  pleasaunt  coverture 
Of  dames,  sattin,  orels  of  velvet  pure: 
I  keepe  them  sure  fearing  lest  they  should  be  lost, 
For  in  them  is  the  cunning  wherein  I  me  boast. 
"  But  if  it  fortune  that  any  learned  man 
Within  my  house  fall  to  disputation, 
I  drawe  the  curtaynes  to  shewe  my  bokes  then, 
That  they  of  my  cunning  should  make  probation : 
I  love  not  to  fell  in  alternation : 
116 


And  while  the  common,  my  bookes  I  turne  and  winde, 
For  all  is  in  them,  and  nothing  in  my  minde." — Warton's 
History  of  Eng,  Poetry ;  which  see  for  a  copious  account  of  Bar 
clay's  writings. 

"  There  are  few  books  more  interesting  to  the  collector,  than 
editions  of  the  SHYP  of  FOLYS,  of  which  Pynson's  has  the  dis 
tinguished  honour  of  being  the  parent  impression  in  our  own 
country." 

Vide  Dibdin's  edition  of  Ames,  vol.  ii.  p.  431,  where  will 
be  found  a  particular  description  of  this  rare  volume,  with 
specimens  of  the  curious  engravings  on  wood. 

"  All  ancient  satirical  writings,  even  those  of  an  inferior  cast, 
have  their  merit,  and  deserve  attention,  as  they  transmit  pictures 
of  familiar  manners,  and  preserve  popular  customs.  In  this  light, 
at  least,  Barclay's  Ship  of  Fools,  which  is  a  general  satire  on  the 
tunes,  will  be  found  entertaining.  Nor  must  it  be  denied,  that  his 
language  is  more  cultivated  than  that  of  many  of  his  contempora 
ries,  and  that  he  contributed  his  share  to  the  improvement  of  the 
English  phraseology.  His  author,  Sebastian  Brandt,  appears  to 
have  been  a  man  of  universal  erudition,  and  his  work,  for  the 
most  part,  is  a  tissue  of  citations  from  the  ancient  poets  and  his 
torians." — WARTOX. 

Barclay's  abilities  gained  him  great  distinction,  even  in 
his  life-time : 

"  He  was  admired  for  his  wit  and  eloquence,  and  for  a  fluency 
of  style  not  common  in  that  age.  This  recommended  him  to  many 
noble  patrons.  .  .  .  That  he  was  a  polite  writer,  a  great  refiner  of 
the  English  tongue,  and  left  behind  him  many  testimonies  of  his 
wit  and  learning,  cannot  be  denied." 

Bale  treats  his  memory  with  great  indignity,  but  Pits 
assures  us  that  he  was  devoted  to  the  promotion  of  religion 
and  to  personal  improvement.  THE  SHYP  OF  FOLYS,  espe 
cially  Pynson's  edition,  1509,  is  a  very  rare  work.  A  copy 
in  the  Bibl.  Anglo-Poet,  is  priced  £105;  Cawood's  edition, 
1570,  £12  12s.  De  Worde  printed  an  edition  in  1517, 
translated  by  H.  Watson  into  prose. 

A  Ryght  fruteful  treatyse  intituled  the  Myrrour  of  good 
Maners.  This  is  sine  anno  ;  printed  by  Pynson.  It  is  a 
translation  of  a  poem  by  Mancini,  entitled  De  Quatuor 
Virtutibus.  His  Egloges  were  printed  by  Pynson,  sine 
anno. 

"  Our  author's  Egloges,  I  believe,  are  the  first  that  appeared  in 
the  English  language.  They  are,  like  Petrarch's  and  Mantuan's. 
of  the  moral  and  satirical  kind,  and  contain  but  few  touches  of 
rural  description  and  bucolic  imagery." — WARTON. 

For  further  notices  of  Barclay's  works,  see  Dibdin's 
Ames's;  Ellis's  Specimens;  Warton's  History  of  English 
Poetry,  Ac. 

Barclay,  David.     Emancipation  in  Jamaica,  1801. 

Barclay,  Geo.    Vindic.  of  the  Bp.  of  Edin.,  1712. 

Barclay,  H.  The  Law  of  the  Road,  Glasg.,  1836. 
This  treatise  contains  the  statutes  and  abstracts  of  the  de 
cisions  of  the  courts  in  Scotland  and  England,  relative  to 
highways. 

"  We  can  safely  recommend  this  volume  as  displaying  a  com 
bination  of  much  accuracy  and  research,  with  a  thorough  know 
ledge  of  the  subject."— 2  Edin.  Law  Journal,  523. 

A  Treatise  on  the  Law  and  Practice  in  Applications 
against  Debtors,  as  in  meditatione  fugas,  Edin.,  1832. 

"  This  small  and  unpretending  work  will  be  found  of  great  uti 
lity.  It  contains  all  that  is  materially  important  on  the  subject, 
and  there  is  no  class  of  persons,  whether  magistrates,  agents,  or 
creditors,  by  whom  it  may  not  be  consulted  with  profit  and  ad 
vantage."  Vide  2  Edin.  Law  Journal,  266. 

Barclay,  Henry,  D.D.,  d.  1765,  an  Episcopal  cler 
gyman  in  New  York,  graduated  at  Yale  College  in  1734: 
he  was  ordained  in  England,  and  appointed  missionary  to 
the  Mohawk  Indians.  Subsequently  he  was  Rector  of 
Trinity  Church,  New  York,  which  office  he  held  until  his 
death.  In  conjunction  with  Rev.  W.  Andrews  and  J. 
Ogilvie,  he  superintended  the  translation  of  the  Liturgy 
into  the  Mohawk  language.  This  translation  was  printed 
in  1769. 

Barclay,  Jas.    Educational  works,  Edin.,  1743-58. 

Barclay,  Jas.  Sermons.  1763-1777.  A  Complete  and 
Universal  English  Dictionary,  1774. 

Barclay,  John,  1582-1621,  son  of  William  Barclay 
of  Aberdeenshire,  was  born  at  Pont-a-Mousson.  He  was 
educated  at  the  college  of  the  Jesuits  of  his  native  place, 
and  made  such  progress  in  his  studies,  that  at  the  age  of 
nineteen  he  is  said  to  have  published  notes  on  the  Thebais 
of  Statius.  He  makes  no  secret  of  his  thirst  for  distinction : 

"  I  had  no  sooner  left  school  than  the  juvenile  desire  of  fame  in 
cited  me  to  attack  the  whole  world,  rather  with  a  view  of  promot 
ing  my  own  reputation,  than  of  dishonouring  individuals." — Pre 
face  to  the  Apology  for  Euphormion. 

In  1605  he  visited  England,  where  he  remained  about  a 
year.  Subsequently  he  resided  there  for  several  year?. 
Upon  the  death  of  his  father,  in  1606,  he  went  to  Paris, 
where  he  married  Louisa  Debonnaire.  His  latter  years 
were  spent  in  Rome,  amidst  his  books  and  flowers,  dis 
playing  more  wisdom  in  the  Bibliomania  than  in  the 
Tulip-mania,  of  which  last  disease  he  is  supposed  to  have 
been  one  of  the  first  victims.  In  his  Euphormion  he  had 


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pronounced  the  plant  "  Golden  Rod"  to  be  a  specific  for 
the  stone,  yet  of  this  painful  complaint  he  died  in  1621. 

In  1604  he  pub.  the  first  part  of  his  Latin  satire,  Eu- 
phormion  ;  the  second  part  was  pub.  at  Paris,  and  a  com 
plete  edition  at  Amsterdam  in  1629.  This  satire  made  so 
many  enemies,  that  in  1610  he  pub.  his  Apology  for  Eu- 
phormion.  (See  extract  from  the  preface  above.) 

His  account  of  the  Gunpowder  Plot  (Barclay  was  always 
a  zealous  son  of  the  Church  of  Rome)  was  pub.  in  1806. 
For  some  verses  referring  to  his  poverty  whilst  in  Eng 
land,  see  Delit  Poet.  Scot.,  i.  93-100.  In  1611  he  pub.  his 
father's  work,  De  Potestate  Papae,  a  curious  production 
for  an  adherent  of  the  Church  of  Rome ;  as  it  lays  down 
the  positions,  1.  That  the  pope  has  no  power  direct  or  in 
direct  over  sovereigns  in  temporals.  2.  That  they  who 
allow  him  any  such  power,  whatever  they  may  intend,  do 
very  great  prejudice  to  the  Roman  Catholic  religion. 
This  work  was  attacked  by  Cardinal  Bellarmin,  to  whom 
Barclay  responded  in  his  J.  Barclay  Pietas,  &c.,  Paris, 
1612.  He  afterwards  repented  having  written  this  work, 
as  it  displeased  many  of  his  own  faith,  and  gratified  those 
whom  he  esteemed  heretics.  As  some  reparation,  it  is  sup 
posed,  he  pub.  in  1617  Paraenensis  ad  Sectarios. 

His  Icon  Animarum  was  pub.  in  1614.  It  is  a  delinea 
tion  of  the  genius  and  customs  of  the  European  nations, 
with  remarks  of  a  moral  and  philosophical  cast  on  the  pe 
culiarities  of  mankind.  In  style  it  has  been  compared  to 
Goldsmith's  Traveller.  Barclay's  principal  work,  the  Ar 
genis,  or  the  Loves  of  Poliarchus  and  Argenis,  was  first 
pub.  in  Paris  in  1621,  by  means  of  the  friendship  of  the 
celebrated  antiquary,  M.  de  Peiresc.  The  first  English 
translation  was  pub.  by  Kingsmill  Long,  gent.,  in  1625, 
4to.  Of  this  there  was  a  second  edition,  "  beautified  with 
pictures,  together  with  a  key  prefixed  to  unlock  the  whole 
story,"  in  1636.  There  was  also  a  translation  in  1628  by 
Sir  Robert  Le  Grys,  "  the  verses  by  Thomas  May,"  (the 
continuator  of  Lucan ;)  this  version  is  said  to  have  been 
undertaken  at  the  request  of  Charles  I.  In  1772  Clara 
Reeve  pub.  a  translation  under  the  title  of  The  Phoenix, 
or  the  History  of  Polyarchus  and  Argenis.  There  are 
three  French  translations  of  The  Argenis,  1624, 1732, 1736; 
and  it  was  also  rendered  into  the  Italian,  Spanish,  and 
Dutch.  The  Argenis  is  a  political  allegory,  a  romance, 
and  a  system  of  politics  : 

"In  it  the  various  forms  of  government  are  investigated,  the 
causes  of  faction  detected,  and  the  remedies  pointed  out  for  most 
of  the  evils  that  can  arise  in  a  state.  ...  It  affords  such  a  variety 
of  entertainment,  that  every  kind  of  reader  may  find  in  it  some 
thing  suitable  to  his  own  taste  and  disposition :  the  statesman, 
the  philosopher,  the  soldier,  the  lover,  the  citizen,  the  friend  of 
mankind,  each  may  gratify  his  favourite  propensity,  while  the 
reader  who  conies  for  his  amusement  only,  will  not  go  away  dis 
appointed." — Preface  to  Clara  Reeve's  Translation. 

The  characters  in  the  Argenis  are  intended  to  represent 
various  distinguished  personages  in  history  and  real  life. 
Poliarchus  is  meant  for  Henry  of  Navarre ;  Aquilius  is  the 
Emperor  of  Germany;  Calvin  is  Usinulca;  Radirobanes 
is  the  King  of  Spain,  and  Hyanisbe  is  thought  to  resemble 
in  some  traits  Elizabeth  of  England.  Richelieu  was  very 
fond  of  perusing  this  work,  and  it  is  thought  from  thence 
he  drew  many  of  his  political  maxims.  Cowper  pro 
nounced  it  the  most  amusing  romance  ever  written  : 

"  It  is  interesting  in  a  high  degree ;  richer  in  incident  than  can 
be  imagined,  full  of  surprises,  which  the  reader  never  forestalls, 
and  yet  free  from  all  entanglement  and  confusion.  The  style,  too, 
appears  to  me  to  be  such  as  would  not  dishonour  Tacitus  him 
self." — Camper's  Letter  to  Saml.  Rose,  Esq. 

As  to  the  style  to  which  Cowper  thus  refers,  Coleridge 
prefers  it  to  that  of  Livy  or  Tacitus :  (Remains,  vol.  i.,) 
but  Mr.  Hallam  remarks  upon  this  : 

"  I  cannot  by  any  means  go  this  length ;  it  has  struck  me  that 
the  Latinity  is  more  that  of  Petronius  Arbiter,  but  I  am  not  well 
enough  acquainted  with  that  writer  to  speak  confidently.  The 
same  observation  seems  applicable  to  the  Euphormio." — Introduc. 
to  Lit.  of  FMrope. 

We  may  be  permitted  to  remind  classical  critics  of  the 
recorded  opinion  of  Grotius  : 

"  Gente  Caledonius,  Callus  natalibus  hie  est, 

Romam  Romano  qui  docet  ore  loqui." 
"  A  Scot  by  blood,— and  French  by  birth,— this  man 

At  Rome  speaks  Latin  as  no  Roman  can." 
Mr.  Hallam  well  remarks  that 
"  Barclay  has  mingled  so  much  of  mere  fiction  with  his  story, 
that  no  attempts  at  a  regular  key  to  the  whole  work  can  be  suc 
cessful,  nor  in  fact  does  the  fable  of  this  romance  run  in  any  paral 
lel  stream  with  real  events.  His  object  seems  in  great  measure  to 
have  been  the  discussion  of  political  questions  in  feigned  dialogue 
But  though  in  these  we  find  no  want  of  acuteness  or  good  sense 
they  have  not  at  present  much  novelty  in  our  eyes;  and  though 
the  style  is  really  pleasing,  or,  as  some  have  judged,  excellent,  and 
the  incidents  not  ill-contrived,  it  might  be  hard  to  go  entirely 
through  a  Latin  romance  of  700  pages,  unless  indeed  we  had  no 


alternative  given  but  the  perusal  of  the  similar  works  in  Spanish 
or  French." — Introduc.  to  Lit.  of  Europe. 

The  correctness  of  the  opinion  of  this  intelligent  author 
is  evinced  by  the  general  neglect  into  which  this  once 
popular  allegory  has  now  fallen. 

"It  absolutely  distresses  me,  when  I  reflect  that  this  work,  ad 
mired  as  it  has  been  by  great  men  of  all  ages,  (and  lately  by  the 
[»et  Cowper,)  should  be  only  not  unknown  to  the  general  reader." 
—COLERIDGE. 

Barclay,  John.  Grammatica Latina,  R.  Pynson,1516. 

Barclay,  John.    Descrip.  of  the  R.  Catholic,  1689. 

Barclay,  John,  M.D.,  was  author  of  Nepenthes  seu 
de  Nicotiana  Herba  Viribus,  Edin.,  1614.  He  praises  To 
bacco  as  "  this  happie  and  holie  herbe,"  and  strongly  ad 
vocates  its  use,  King  James  and  the  Pope  to  the  contrary 
notwithstanding. 

Barclay,  John,  1734-1798,  the  founder  of  a  religious 
sect  in  Scotland  known  as  Bereans  or  Barclayans,  pub. 
an  edition  of  his  works  (theological)  in  3  volumes. 

Barclay,  John,  M.D.,  1760-1826,  b.  in  Perthshire. 
Professional  Works,  Edin.,  1803-12. 

Barclay,  J.T.,  M.D.,  b.  1807,  at  Hanover  C.H.,  Va., 
for  three  years  and  a  half  a  missionary  to  Jerusalem.  The 
City  of  the  Great  King ;  or,  Jerusalem  as  it  was,  as  it  is, 
and  is  to  be.  Illustrated  from  photographs  and  original 
drawings,  Phila.,  1857,  8vo.  A  reliable  work,  highly  com 
mended.  In  1858,  he  returned  to  Jerusalem  with  his 
family  to  reside  permanently, 

Barclay,  Patrick.     The  Universal  Traveller,  1735. 

Barclay,  Patrick.  A  Letter  to  the  People  of  Scot 
land,  in  order  to  remove  their  prejudice  to  The  Book  of 
Common  Prayer,  with  an  Appendix,  wherein  are  answered 
The  Objections  against  the  Liturgy,  in  two  late  Pamphlets, 
called  Dialogues  between  a  Curate  and  a  Countryman, 
Lon.,  1713. 

Barclay,  Robert,  1648-1690,  the  celebrated  apolo 
gist  for  the  doctrines  and  principles  of  the  Society  of 
"  Friends,"  sometimes  called  "  Quakers,"  was  born  at 
Gordonstoun,  in  Morayshire,  December  23d.  He  was  a 
descendant  of  a  very  "  ancient  and  honourable  family  in 
Scotland,  by  his  father's  side,  who  was  Colonel  David  Bar 
clay,  of  Mathers,  a  man  universally  esteemed  and  beloved, 
and  by  his  mother,  Mrs.  Catherine  Gordon,  daughter  of 
Sir  W.  Gordon,  from  the  noble  house  of  Huntley ;  so  that 
if  his  principles  had  not  led  him  to  slight  the  advantages 
of  birth,  few  gentlemen  could  in  that  particular  have  gone 
beyond  him."  His  father,  who  had  held  a  commission  in 
the  Swedish  army  in  Germany,  where  he  rose  to  the  rank 
of  Major,  and  had  also  commanded  in  the  Royalist  army 
under  Charles  I.,  embraced  Quakerism  whilst  confined  in 
prison  from  political  persecutions,  in  the  year  1666. 

Robert  was  sent  to  Paris  at  an  early  age,  to  complete 
his  education,  and  placed  under  the  care  of  his  uncle, 
principal  of  the  Scots'  College.  This  relative  was  a  zeal 
ous  Roman  Catholic,  and  Robert  was  naturally  disposed 
to  embrace  a  religion  so  favourably  commended  to  his  re 
gard.  His  uncle  was  so  anxious  to  retain  him  in  Paris, 
where  he  could  both  enjoy  his  society,  and  preserve  him 
from  the  baneful  influence  of  heretical  doctrines,  that  he 
offered  to  present  him  with  a  considerable  fortune  at  once, 
and  leave  the  balance  of  his  property  to  him  on  his  de 
mise.  It  is  not  unlikely  that  Robert  would  have  con 
sented  to  these  conditions,  had  not  a  summons  from  his 
father,  who  dreaded  his  becoming  a  convert  to  the  Roman 
Church,  recalled  him  home.  With  that  regard  to  strict 
principle  which  was  always  a  characteristic  of  Robert 
Barclay,  he  was  not  disobedient  to  the  paternal  command, 
but  at  once  resigned  the  flattering  prospects  which  had 
been  held  out  to  him,  and  returned  to  Scotland  in  1664. 

So  great  had  been  his  application  to  his  studies,  that,  al 
though  scarcely  sixteen  years  of  age,  he  possessed  consi 
derable  knowledge  of  the  sciences,  and  was  skilled  in  the 
French  and  Latin  tongues ;  the  latter  he  wrote  and  spoke 
with  facility  and  correctness;  subsequently  he  attained 
Greek  and  Hebrew. 

Many  authors  have  told  us  that  Colonel  Barclay  had 
become  a  convert  to  Quakerism  (we  use  the  term  for  con- 
venience,  and,  of  course,  without  any  disrespect)  before 
the  return  of  Robert  from  France :  but  we  have  the  testi 
mony  of  Robert  himself  that  his  father  did  not  join  this 
sect  until  1666.  This  date  approaches  so  closely  to  that 
of  the  first  promulgation  of  the  doctrines  of  Quakerism, 
that  a  brief  notice  of  the  history  of  the  society  in  Scot 
land  for  the  first  twenty  years  of  its  existence,  may  not  be 
out  of  place.  George  Fox,  born  in  1624,  (see  Fox, 
GEORGE,)  became  a  public  preacher  of  his  religious  tenets 
about  the  year  of  Robert  Barclay's  birth — 1648:  In  1657 
he  visited  Scotland,  and  preached  with  such  success,  that 


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large  numbers,  especially  in  the  north,  about  Aberdeen 
and  Elgin,  became  converts  to  the  doctrines  which  he 
proclaimed.  One  of  the  most  distinguished  disciples  was 
the  celebrated  John  Swinton  of  Swinton,  one  of  the  most 
learned  and  accomplished  men  of  his  time,  and  so  much 
in  favour  with  Oliver  Cromwell  that  it  was  notorious  that 
the  Protector  "  trusted  him  more  than  anybody,  and  al 
most  every  thing  in  Scotland  was  done  by  his  advice." 
At  the  Restoration,  Swinton  and  Barclay  were  imprisoned 
by  the  government,  and  by  "long  and  frequent  conversa 
tions"  the  latter  was  convinced  by  the  former  of  the  excel 
lency  of  the  doctrines  preached  by  George  Fox. 

Colonel  Barclay  sought  to  impress  the  truth  of  his  new 
opinions  upon  the  mind  of  Robert,  but  for  some  time 
without  success.  He  did  not,  however,  refuse  to  place 
himself  in  the  way  of  conviction,  and,  whilst  attending  a 
religious  meeting  of  the  society,  he  was  so  deeply  im 
pressed  by  a  discourse  of  one  of  their  ministers,  that  he 
felt  it  his  duty  to  unite  with  the  body.  He  became  a  most 
zealous  propagator  of  his  new  tenets ;  and  laboured  with 
great  success  in  England,  and  on  the  Continent,  especially 
in  Holland.  He  travelled  with  William  Penn  through 
the  principal  parts  of  England,  Holland,  and  Germany. 
He  was  "  everywhere  received  with  respect,  and  dismissed 
with  concern  j  for  though  his  conversation  as  well  as  his 
manners  were  strictly  suitable  to  his  doctrine,  yet  there 
was  such  a  spirit  and  liveliness  in  his  discourse,  and  such 
a  serenity  and  cheerfulness  in  his  deportment,  as  rendered 
him  extremely  agreeable  to  all  sorts  of  people." 

Robert  Barclay  was  no  common  character,  either  as  re 
spects  natural  capacity,  extensive  learning,  indomitable 
energy,  or  persevering  zeal.  At  an  age  when  many  young 
men  are  triflers  of  fashion,  or  slaves  to  vice,  this  noble 
youth  girded  up  his  loins,  and  went  forth  into  the  world 
to  battle  with  sin,  and  promote  the  glory  of  God  through 
the  salvation  of  man.  Born  to  prosperous  fortunes,  and 
of  an  illustrious  line,  the  heir  of  the  De  Berkleys  was 
willing,  for  the  sake  of  truth  and  righteousness,  to  "  eat 
his  bread  with  scarceness,"  and  to  exchange  the  society  of 
the  great,  and  the  lordly  halls  of  nobles,  for  the  "  tender 
mercies"  of  a  brutal  jailer,  the  companionship  of  felons, 
and  the  untold  horrors  of  the  convict's  cell.  We  can  ima 
gine  few  more  affecting  pictures  than  that  which  disgraced 
the  year  1677,  and  the  town  of  Aberdeen,  when  the  aged 
Colonel  Barclay,  his  son  Robert,  and  a  number  of  other 
Quakers,  were  cast  into  jail  for  the  second  time  in  a  twelve 
month.  His  father,  who,  to  borrow  the  words  of  Croese, 
"was  venerable  in  his  appearance,  just  in  all  his  actions, 
who  had  shewed  his  courage  in  the  wars  of  Germany,  and 
his  fortitude  in  bearing  all  the  hard  usage  he  met  with  in 
Scotland  with  cheerfulness,  as  well  as  patience" — this 
good  old  man,  now  well  stricken  in  years,  but  strong  in 
conscious  integrity,  and  supported  by  a  noble  zeal,  was 
ready  to  go  with  his  beloved  child  to  prison  and  to  death, 
rather  than  to  deny  his  faith,  or  to  hold  his  peace  when 
he  believed  that  his  God  bade  him  to  "  lift  up  his  voice, 
and  show  the  people  their  sins."  Our  worthy  ancestors 
had  what  they  esteemed  a  sovereign  remedy  for  heresy. 
When  any  inquirer  after  truth  was  so  hardy  as  to  doubt 
their  infallibility,  they  forthwith  put  him  into  the  stocks, 
or  immured  him  in  the  next  jail,  fed  him  with  bread  and 
water,  and  cropped  off  his  ears,  and,  if  he  still  continued 
obstinate,  perhaps  hung  him  at  Tyburn,  or  burnt  him  at 
Smithfield.  Who  can  doubt  that  such  substantial  evi 
dences  of  the  true  Christian  spirit  of  love,  charity,  and 
goodwill,  were  admirably  calculated  to  convince  all  here 
tics  of  the  evil  of  their  own  ways,  and  the  orthodoxy  of 
those  who  were  so  solicitous  for  their  spiritual  welfare  ? 
Robert  Barclay  had  not  long  been  united  to  the  society  of 
"  Friends,"  when  he  commenced  that  powerful  use  of  his 
pen  on  behalf  of  their  doctrines,  by  which  his  name  has 
been  widely  known  to  all  succeeding  generations. 

His  first  work  appeared  in  1670 : 

"  Truth  cleared  of  Calumnies,  wherein  a  book  entitled,  A  Dia 
logue  between  a  Quaker  and  a  stable  Christian,  (printed  at  Aber 
deen,  and,  upon  good  ground,  judged  to  be  writ  by  \Villiam  Mitchell, 
a  preacher  near  by  to  it,  or,  at  least,  that  he  had  the  chief  hand  in 
it,)  is  examined,  and  the  Dis-ingenuity  of  the  author  in  represent 
ing  the  Quakers  is  discovered ;  here  is  also  their  case  truly  stated, 
cleared,  demonstrated,  and  the  Objections  of  their  Opposers  an 
swered  according  to  Truth,  Scripture,  and  Kight  Reason." 

This  hydra-headed  treatise  might  well  have  alarmed 
the  imprudent  William  Mitchell,  who  had  little  idea  when 
preparing  his  Dialogue  what  sore  punishment  he  was 
drawing  down  upon  his  own  head.  To  use  the  significant 
phraseology  of  the  author  to  the  Preface  of  Barclay's 
works,  (Lon.,  1692,)  this  answer  showed  Barclay  "to  be 
inuch  an  overmatch  for  his  antagonist."  In  this  work 
118 


Barclay  reviews  the  objections  which  had  oeen   urged 
against  the  doctrines  of  the  Quakers. 

"  The  business  of  this  book  is  to  shew  they  had  been  extrava 
gantly  abused  by  their  adversaries,  who  sometimes  would  have 
them  pass  for  people  distracted,  and,  at  other  times,  for  men  pos 
sessed  of  the  devil,  and  practising  abominations  under  pretence 
of  being  led  to  them  by  the  Spirit ;  as  denying  the  existence  of 
Christ,  the  reality  of  a  heaven  and  a  hell,  the  being  of  angels,  the 
resurrection  of  the  body,  and  the  day  of  judgment.  He  shews 
upon  what  slight  pretence  these  notions  were  taken  up,  how  con 
sistent  all  the  doctrines  of  the  Quakers  were  with  the  gospel  in 
respect  to  these  points,  and  how  unjust  the  persecution  they  had 
sustained  for  maintaining  what  the  apostles  maintained,  the  light 
of  CHRIST  JESUS  shining  in  the  mind  of  man." — Biog.  Brit. 

Some  Things,  of  Weighty  Concernment,  Ac.  This  second 
treatise  was  an  appendix  to  the  first ;  in  this  he  proposes 
twenty  questions  relating  to  those  who  had  distinguished 
themselves  in  representing  the  Quakers  in  ridiculous  lights, 

"  When  if  that  kind  of  language  had  been  allowed  among  this 
sort  of  people,  they  might  themselves  have  been  rendered  far  more 
ridiculous.  These  writings  made  Mr.  W.  Mitchell  so  uneasy,  and 
rendered  it  so  apparent  that  either  he  was  in  the  wrong,  or  wanted 
abilities  necessary  to  prove  himself  in  the  right,  that  he  immedi 
ately  had  recourse  again  to  the  press,  in  order  to  return  an  answer 
to  Robert  Barclay,  which  produced  our  author's  third  book  upon 
this  subject,  in  which  he  effectually  silenced  that  angry  and  im 
patient  writer." 

The  preface  to  the  third  treatise — W.  Mitchell  unmask 
ed,  or  the  staggering  infallibility  of  the  pretended  stable 
Christian  discovered,  Ac. — is  dated  from  Ury,  our  author's 
residence,  December  24,  1671.  In  1675  he  published  a 
work  intended  to  explain  and  defend  the  doctrines  and 
principles  of  the  Quakers.  This  work  is  entitled 

"  A  Catechism  and  Confession  of  Faith,  approved  of  and  agreed 
unto  by  the  General  Assembly  of  the  Patriarchs,  Prophets,  and 
Apostles,  Christ  himself  chief  Speaker  in  and  among  them,  which 
containeth  a  true  and  faithful  Account  of  the  Principles  and  Doc 
trines  which  are  most  surely  believed  by  the  Churches  of  Christ 
in  Great  Britain  and  Ireland,  who  are  reproachfully  called  by  the 
name  of  QUAKERS,  yet  are  found  in  one  Faith  with  the  Primitive 
Church  and  Saints,  as  is  most  clearly  demonstrated  by  some  plain 
Scripture  Testimonies,  (without  Consequences  or  Commentaries.) 
which  are  here  collected  and  inserted  by  way  of  Answer  to  a  few 
weighty,  yet  easy  and  familiar,  Questions,  fitted  as  well  for  the 
wisest  and  largest,  as  for  the  weakest  and  lowest,  Capacities.  To 
which  is  added  an  Expostulation  with  an  Appeal  to  all  other  Pro 
fessors,  by  R.  B.,  a  Servant  of  the  Church  of  Christ." 

Our  author  seems  to  have  determined  that  those  who 
would  not  pursue  their  investigations  further  than  his  title- 
pages,  should  not  even  then  escape  wholesome  instruction. 
The  preface  to  this  work  is  dated  Urie,  1673.  The  author 
endeavours  to  prove  that  Quakerism  is  the  perfection  of 
Protestantism :  that  there  is  properly  no  middle  ground 
between  the  doctrines  he  espouses,  and  those  of  the  Church 
of  Rome. 

The  Anarchy  of  the  Ranters,  &c.,  which  has  been  praised 
as  "  a  learned  and  excellent  treatise,  containing  as  much 
sound  reason  as  any  book  of  its  size,  in  our,  or  perhaps  in 
any  modern,  language,"  was  published  in  1676.  Its  ob 
ject  was  to  prove  that  the  Quakers  were  not  justly  liable 
to  the  objections  urged  against  the  fanaticism  of  the  Rant 
ers.  This  work  met  with  so  much  censure,  that  in  1679  he 
pub.  a  Vindication  of  it.  He  also  gave  to  the  world  A 
True  and  Faithful  Account  of  some  of  his  disputes  with 
some  of  the  students  of  the  University  of  Aberdeen;  and 
in  1686  he  pub.  The  Possibility  and  Necessity  of  the  In 
ward  and  Immediate  Revelation  of  the  Spirit  of  God, 
towards  the  foundation  and  ground  of  true  Faith,  proved 
in  a  Letter  written  in  Latin  to  a  person  of  Quality  in 
Holland,  and  now  also  put  into  English. 

Like  Bunyan,  Sir  Richard  Baker,  Boethius,  Grotius, 
Buchanan,  and  many  other  good  men,  he  made  even  the 
employment  of  his  prison  hours  useful  to  his  fellow-men. 
It  was  whilst  in  the  jail  of  Aberdeen  that  he  composed 
that  "noble  description  of  Christian  Beneficence,"  Uni 
versal  Love  considered  and  established  upon  its  right 
Foundation,  being  a  serious  Enquiry  how  far  Charity  may, 
and  ought  to  extend  towards  Persons  of  different  Judg 
ments  in  matters  of  Religion,  and  whose  Principles  among 
the  several  Sects  of  Christians,  do  most  naturally  lead  to 
that  due  Moderation  required,  writ  in  the  Spirit  of  Love 
and  Meekness  for  the  removing  of  Stumbling-Blocks  out 
of  the  Way  of  the  Simple,  by  a  Lover  of  the  Souls  of  all 
Men,  R.  B.  This  work  was  written  and  pub.  in  1677. 
The  author  divides  his  subject  into  five  sections. 

1st.  He  gives  his  own  experience,  and  his  reasons  for 
writing  this  treatise. 

2d.  The  nature  of  Christian  Love  and  Charity  is  de 
monstrated. 

3d.  The  controversy  is  stated  with  respect  to  the  different 
religious  bodies,  <fcc. 

4th.  An  examination  of  the  principles  held  by  many  call 
ed  Christians,  and  those  principles  proved  to  be  defective. 


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5th.  Some  "  principles  of  Christianity  are  proposed,  as 
they  are  held  by  a  great  body  of  people,  and  some  gath 
ered  churches  in  Great  Britain  and  Ireland  which  do  very 
well  agree  with  true  Universal  Love." 

Having  thus  noticed  the  other  works  of  Robert  Barclay, 
we  are  prepared  to  consider  that  by  which  he  will  always 
be  best  known,  viz  : 

"  An  Apology  for  the  true  Christian  Divinity,  as  the  same  is  held 
forth  and  preached  by  the  People  called  in  Scorn,  Quakers;  being 
a  full  Explanation  and  Vindication  of  their  Principles  and  Doc 
trines,  by  many  Arguments  deduced  from  Scripture  and  Right  , 
Reason,  and  the  Testimonies  of  famous  Authors,  both  Ancient 
and  Modern,  with  a  full  Answer  to  the  strongest  Objections  usu 
ally  made  against  them :   Presented  to  the  King.    Written  and 
published  in  London,  for  the  Information  of  Strangers,  by  ROBERT  j 
BARCLAY,  and  now  put  into  our  Language  for  the  Benefit  of  his 
Countrymen,"  London,  1678. 

The  Address  to  Charles  II.  has  been  admired  for  clear 
ness  and  vigour  of  style,  and  faithful  boldness  of  exhorta 
tion.  Was  there  ever  a  greater  contrast  than  between  the 
subject  and  the  king?  the  selfish,  dissolute,  effeminate 
monarch,  and  the  noble-hearted,  self-sacrificing  preacher  of 
Universal  Love  ?  The  Theses  Theologicse,  which  were  the 
ground- work  of  the  Apology,  had  been  previously  published 
and  sent  abroad  in  Latin,  French,  High  and  Low  Dutch, 
and  English,  addressed  to  the  Clergy  of  what  sort  soever, 

"  And  that  his  candour,  impartiality,  and  sincere  love  of  truth, 
might  be  still  more  manifest,  he  sent  them  to  the  Doctors,  Pro 
fessors,  and  Students  in  Divinity,  both  Popish  and  Protestant,  in 
every  country  throughout  Europe,  desiring  they  would  seriously 
examine  them,  and  send  him  their  answers.  As  soon  as  the  Apo 
logy  was  finished,  he  sent  two  copies  of  it  to  each  of  the  public 
ministers,  then  at  the  famous  Congress  of  Nimeguen,  where  it  was 
received  with  all  imaginable  favour  and  respect,  and  the  know 
ledge,  charity,  and  disinterested  probity  of  its  author  justly  ap 
plauded." 

The  Latin  version,  Theologicae  vere  Christianae  Apolo 
gia,  was  pub.  at  Amsterdam  in  1676 ;  the  English  transla 
tion,  as  we  have  seen  above,  in  1678.  Other  English  edi 
tions  were  published  in  1701-36,  a  beautiful  edition  by 
Baskerville  in  1765,  another  edition  in  1780,  and  many 
since;  besides  Abridgments  in  8vo.  and  12mo.  &c.  Ant. 
cle  Alvarado  translated  it  into  Spanish  in  1710 ;  and  trans 
lations  have  appeared  in  most  of  the  European  languages. 
The  author  pub.  a  Vindication  of  his  work  in  1679;  in 
cited  thereto  by  an  attack  in  Latin  by  John  Brown  upon 
the  Latin  version  of  the  Apology.  The  Vindication  was 
esteemed  by  William  Penn,  and  many  others,  to  be  equal 
in  every  respect  to  the  Apology. 

Our  author's  doctrines,  as  contained  in  the  Theses,  and 
more  largely  expounded  in  the  Apologia,  were  attacked 
by  other  writers  also,  viz. :  Nicholas  Arnoldus,  Professor 
in  the  University  of  Franequer;  John  George  Bajerus, 
Professor  of  Divinity  at  Jena.,  (who  was  answered  by 
Geo.  Keith,  then  a  stout  supporter  of  Quaker  doctrines ;) 
Christopher  Holthusius,  a  famous  preacher  at  Franck- 
fort ;  George  Keith,  (the  quondam  advocate  of  the  Apology,) 
in  the  Standard  of  the  Quakers  Examined,  Lon.,  1702; 
Ant.  Keiser  of  Hamburg ;  Thomas  Bennet,  in  a  Confu 
tation  of  Quakerism,  1705;  Mr.  Trenchard;  Thos.  Chubb, 
1721;  Wm.  Notcutt,  1738;  Daniel  Gittius,  1758;  S.  New 
ton,  1771,  Ac. 

As  we  have  nothing  to  do  in  this  place  with  the  theo 
logical  opinions  of  Barclay,  or  of  his  antagonists,  we  dis 
charge  our  duty  by  enabling  the  reader  to  possess  himself 
of  the  expositions  of  the  views  of  both  sides  of  the  con 
troversy. 

Of  the  literary  character  of  a  theological,  as  of  any  other, 
work,  it  does  become  us  to  speak ;  and  here  we  are  very 
safe  in  assigning  a  distinguished  place  among  the  produc 
tions  of  the  human  mind  to  Barclay's  Apology  for  the  true 
Christian  Divinity.  Language  of  uncommon  purity  is  made 
the  powerful  instrument  of  reasoning  embellished  with  wit, 
and  persuasion  fortified  by  argument.  To  the  merits  of 
Barclay  as  a  writer,  we  have,  besides  many  others,  the  at 
testations  of  the  learned  Gerard  Croese,  Norris  of  Bemer- 
ton,  Jeremiah  Jones,  Bennet,  Trenchard,  and  Voltaire. 
The  latter  observes  in  his  Letters  on  the  English  Nation, 
that  the  Apology  is  "  as  well  executed  as  the  subject  would 
possibly  admit."  Norris  of  Bemerton,  a  very  famous  man 
in  his  day,  remarks — 

"  I  take  him  to  be  so  great  a  man,  that  I  profess  freely,  I  had 
•ather  engage  against  an  hundred  Bellarmines,  Hardings,  and 
Stapletons,  than  with  one  Barclay."— Second  Treatise  of  the  Light 

William  Sewell  speaks  of  him  as 

"A  man  of  eminent  gifts  and  great  endowments,  expert  not  only 
In  the  languages  of  the  learned,  but  also  well  versed  in  the  writ 
ings  of  the  ancient  Fathers,  and  other  ecclesiastical  writers,  and 
furnished  with  a  great  understanding,  being  not  only  of  a  sound 
judgment,  but  also  strong  in  arguments."— Hist,  of  the  Quakers. 

Dr.  Williams  remarks  : 


"Barclay  was  a  man  of  extraordinary  abilities,  and  bis  work  af 
fords  considerable  information,  not  only  concerning  the  peculiar 
tenets  of  the  Quakers,  but  also  on  other  subjects.  His  method  and 
style  are  far  superior  to  most  of  his  contemporaries." 

We  could  multiply  testimonies,  but  this  is  needless. 

As  regards  Barclay's  personal  character,  his  energy  was 
evinced  by  his  laborious  and  self-denying  pilgrimages  and 
ministrations ;  his  benevolence  by  his  burning  zeal  for  the 
souls  of  his  fellow-men ;  his  patience  and  humility  by  the 
uncomplaining  submission  with  which  he  "  bore  the  loss 
of  all  things"  for  the  advancement  of  what  he  deemed  to 
be  the  truth. 

"  We  sometimes  travelled  together."  says  his  faithful  friend  and 
fellow-sufferer,  William  Penn,  "  both  in  this  kingdom  and  in  Hol 
land,  and  some  parts  of  Germany,  and  were  inward  in  diverse  ser 
vices  from  first  to  last ;  and  the  apprehension  I  had  of  him  was 
this,  he  loved  the  truth  and  way  of  God,  as  revealed  among  us, 
above  all  the  world,  and  was  not  ashamed  of  it  before  men,  but 
bold  and  able  in  maintaining  it,  sound  in  judgment,  strong  in 
argument,  cheerful  in  travels  and  sufferings,  of  a  pleasant  dispo 
sition,  yet  solid,  plain,  and  exemplary  in  his  conversation.  He 
was  a  learned  man  and  a  good  Christian,  an  able  Minister,  a  duti 
ful  son,  and  a  loving  husband,  a  tender  and  careful  father,  an 
easy  master,  and  a  good  and  kind  neighbour  and  friend." 

With  such  a  character  we  need  not  be  surprised  that 
it  was  his 

"  Peculiar  felicity  to  gain  so  entire  a  conquest  over  envy  as  to 
pass  through  life  (and  which  is  so  much  the  more  wonderful,  such 
a  life  as  his  was)  with  almost  universal  applause,  and  without  the 
least  imputation  on  his  integrity.  The  great  business  of  his  life 
was  doing  good,  promoting  what  he  thought  to  be  the  knowledge 
of  God,  and  consequently  the  happiness  of  man." 

For  further  information  concerning  this  truly  eminent, 
and — far  higher  commendation — truly  excellent  man,  see 
the  Biographia  Britannica,  to  which  this  article  is  largely 
indebted  ;  Sewell's  History  of  the  Quakers,  Mosheim's  Ec 
clesiastical  History,  Genealogical  Account  of  the  Barclays 
of  Urie,  <fec. 

Who  would  not  have  supposed  that  this  touching  ap 
peal  to  the  second  Charles  would  have  influenced  even  his 
selfish  and  vice-enslaved  heart? 

"  Thou  hast  tasted  of  prosperity  and  adversity ;  thou  knowest 
what  it  is  to  be  banished  thy  native  country,  to  be  overruled,  as 
well  as  to  rule  and  sit  upon  the  throne ;  and  being  oppressed,  thou 
hast  reason  to  know  how  hateful  the  oppressor  is  both  to  God  and 
man." — Preface  to  the.  Apology. 

Truly  little  cause  had  the  poor  Quaker  in  his  prison  to 
envy  the  ungodly  monarch  on  his  throne  !  Deeply  grieved 
to  witness  the  bold  licentiousness  which  prevailed  among 
the  scoffing  courtiers  and  their  graceless  king,  he  might 
well  adopt  the  prayer,  "  0  my  soul,  come  not  thou  into 
their  secret;  into  their  assembly,  mine  honour,  be  not 
thou  united !" 

Towards  the  close  of  his  life,  Robert  Barclay  was  in 
great  favour  at  court ;  and  had  James  II.  been  wise  enough 
to  profit  by  his  advice  in  1688,  and  make  timely  conces 
sions  to  an  outraged  people,  it  is  possible  that  the  question 
of  the  "  Succession"  would  never  have  tested  the  wisdom 
of  the  English  parliament. 

In  1682  Barclay  was  elected  Governor  of  East  Jersey 
by  the  proprietors. 

"  To  induce  him  to  accept  of  the  office,  he  was  made  a  joint  pro 
prietor,  with  a  power  of  bestowing  five  thousand  acres  more,  as  he 
should  think  fit.  Upon  account  of  his  peculiar  merit,  the  govern 
ment  was  to  be  held  for  life,  though  no  other  Governor  was  to  be 
continued  longer  than  three  years.  He  had,  likewise,  a  power  of 
appointing  a  Deputy  Governor,  which  he  accordingly  did." 

Robert  never  came  to  America,  but  his  brother  John 
settled  there,  and  his  brother  David,  a  youth  of  great  pro 
mise,  who  had  gone  out  with  the  same  intention,  died  upon 
the  voyage.     "  His  brother  John  died  at  Amboy,  in  1731, 
leaving  two  sons.     His  grandson,  Alexander,  was  comp 
troller  of  the  customs  in  Philadelphia,  and  died  in  1771." 
A  Scottish  poet,  writing  of  the  two  famous  Barclays,  Wil 
liam  and  John,  concludes  with  these  verses  upon  Robert : 
"  But  lo !  a  third  appears  with  serious  air ; 
His  Prince's  darling,  and  his  country's  care. 
See  his  religion,  which  so  late  before 
Was  like  a  jumbled  mass  of  dross  and  ore, 
Refined  by  him,  and  burnish'd  o'er  with  art, 
Awakes  the  spirit,  and  attracts  the  heart." 

After  a  life  marked  with  such  activity  and  suffering  for 
conscience'  sake,  this  good  man  was  permitted  to  spend  the 
last  few  years  of  his  life  in  peace.  He  died  October  3, 
1690,  at  his  mansion  at  Ury,  in  Kincardineshire,  Scot 
land.  The  estate  of  Ury  had  been  purchased  by  Colonel 
David  Barclay  in  the  year  of  Robert's  birth,  (1648.)  The 
Colonel  was  obliged  to  part  with  two  estates,  which  had 
been  in  his  family,  one,  three  hundred,  and  the  other,  five 
hundred  years.  About  1679  Robert  obtained  a  charter, 
under  the  Great  Seal,  from  King  Charles  the  Second,  erect 
ing  his  lands  of  Ury  into  "  a  free  Barony,  with  a  civil  and 
criminal  jurisdiction  to  him  and  his  heirs  forever."  This 
charter  was  ratified  by  Act  of  Parliament  temp.  James  the 

119 


BAR 


BAR 


Seventh  of  Scotland,  and  Second  of  England,  "for  the 
many  faithful  services  done  hy  Colonel  David  Barclay, 
and  his  son,  the  said  Kobert  Barclay,  to  the  King,  and  his 
most  royal  progenitors  in  times  past."  This  barony,  with 
all  similar  jurisdictions,  was  extinguished  by  the  changes 
effected  in  the  government  of  Scotland  temp.  George  II. 
Robert  Barclay  left  seven  children,  all  of  whom  were  alive 
in  October,  1740,  fifty  years  after  their  father's  death.  At 
the  same  time  there  were  living  between  fifty  and  sixty 
grand-children  and  great  grand-children. 

"  A  good  man  leaveth  an  inheritance  to  his  children's 
children,"  and  a  good  name  has  these  advantages  over 
all  other  bequests; — it  can  be  shared  without  division, 
enjoyed  without  diminution,  and  remains  an  imperishable 
capital,  stimulating  to  and  aiding  like  acquisitions. 

Barclay,  Robert,  (Allerdyce,)  1779-1854,  the 
great  pedestrian  who  first  walked  one  thousand  miles  in 
one  thousand  hours.  Agricultural  Tour  in  the  U.  States, 
Lon.,  1842,  p.  8vo. 

Barclay,  Thomas,  a  Scottish  scholar,  studied  lite 
rature  and  philosophy  at  Bordeaux ;  going  afterwards  to 
Toulouse  he  became  head  of  the  Squellanean  School.  Sub 
sequently  he  taught  law  both  at  Poitiers  and  at  Toulouse. 
"His  writings  were  neither  numerous  nor  important."-DEMPSTER. 
Barclay,  William,  1546-1605?  an  eminent  civilian, 
father  to  John  Barclay,  author  of  the  "Argenis,"  was  born 
in  Aberdeen  shire,  Scotland.  He  was  in  favour  with  Mary 
Queen  of  Scots :  after  her  dethronement  he  went  to  France, 
applied  himself  to  the  study  of  belles-lettres,  law,  and 
philosophy,  and  graduated  doctor  in  the  civil  and  canon 
laws.  The  Duke  of  Lorraine  appointed  him  professor  of 
civil  law  in  the  University  of  Pont-a-Mousson,  and  a 
counsellor  and  master  of  requests  to  his  hospital.  He 
visited  England  at  the  request  of  James  I.,  and  was  offered 
a  professorship  of  civil  law  at  one  of  the  universities,  and 
other  honours,  upon  condition  of  his  attaching  himself  to 
the  Church  of  England.  These  offers  he  declined,  return- 
ed  to  France  in  1604,  and  accepted  the  professorship  of 
civil  law  in  the  University  of  Angers.  One  of  his  prin 
cipal  works  is  De  Regno  et  Regali  Potestate  adversus 
Buchananum  Brutum,  Boucherum  et  Beliquos  Monarcho- 
machos,  Paris,  1600.  Boucher  had  put  forth  a  treatise 
in  1589,  here  referred  to,  entitled  De  Juste  Henrici  III. 
Boucher  was  a  leaguer ;  Barclay,  on  the  contrary,  argues 
in  favour  of  the  supremacy  of  the  king  even  over  the 
laws,  and  the  right  of  the  monarch  to  the  implicit  obe 
dience  of  his  people,  save  in  cases  of  outrageous  oppression ; 
which  last  flaw,  of  course,  quashes  the  whole  indictment 
against  any  case  of  resistance,  as  opinion  must  of  necessity 
be  the  umpire.  Although  a  zealous  Roman  Catholic,  Bar 
clay  defended  the  sovereignty  of  the  crown  of  France,  even 
against  the  Pope.  His  work,  De  Potestate  Papae  an  et 
quatenus  in  Reges  et  Principes  seculares  Jus  et  Imperium 
habeat,  was  pub.  Franck.,  1609,  London,  in  English  in 
1611.  We  have  already  given  an  account  of  this  work  in 
the  biography  of  the  author's  son ;  also  of  the  response 
of  Cardinal  Bellarmin,  the  circulation  of  which  was  for 
bidden  by  the  Parliament  of  Paris.  Barclay  also  pub. 
Proemetia  in  Vitain  Agricolae,  Paris,  1599.  Comm.  in 
Titl.  Pandectarum  de  Rebus  Creditis  et  de  Jurejurando, 
Paris,  1605. 

Our  learned  civilian,  like  some  other  philosophers,  seems 
not  to  have  been  so  fond  of  simplicity  as  some  of  the  Gre 
cian  sages,  for 

"  He  went  every  day  to  school,  attended  by  a  servant,  who  wen 
bare-headed  before  him,  he  himself  having  a  rich  robe  lined  with 
ermine,  the  train  of  which  was  supported  by  two  servants,  and 
his  son  upon  his  right  hand;  and  there  hung  about  his  neck  a 
great  chain  of  gold,  with  a  medal  of  gold,  with  his  own  picture.' 
—  Maclcenzie's  Lives. 

Bard,  John,  M.D.,  1716-1799,  President  of  the  Med 
Society  of  the  State  of  New  York.  Con.  to  Phil.  Trans. 
1750.  Med.  Obs.  and  Inq.  xii.  p.  369,  1762. 

Bard,  Samuel,  M.D.,  1742-1821,  son  of  the  preced 
ing,  family  physician  to  General  Washington,  and  a  man 
of  most  estimable  character,  pub.  a  treatise,  De  Viribus 
Opii,  1765 ;  on  Angina  Suffocativa,  repub.  in  vol.  i.,  Amer 
Phil.  Soc.  On  the  Use  of  Cold  in  Hemorrhage ;  Compen 
dium  of  Midwifery,  1807  ;  and  subsequent  editions ;  seve 
ral  Addresses  to  Public  Bodies,  and  Anniversary  Discourses 
to  Medical  Students. 

Bardouin,  F.  G.  Essay  on  Job  xix.  23-27,  in  3  let 
tars,  1767. 

Bardsley,  S.  A.,  M.D.  Profess,  and  other  works 
Lon.,  1800-1807. 

Bardwell,  Thos.  The  Practice  of  Painting  an 
Perspective  made  easy,  Lon..  1756. 

"  Mr.  Bardwell  appears  throughout  his  book  a  professed  enemj 
120 


»  Theory ;  and  disgraces  the  Art  he  attempts  to  teach,  by  suppos- 

ng  it  may  be  got,  like  a  knack,  by  mere  practice,  rather  than  com- 

unicated  as  a  Science,  consisting  of  certain  principles  founded  on 

nvariable  and  fixed  laws;  from  which  Nature  never  deviates." — 

.  Monthly  Review,  1756. 

The  critique,  from  which  the  above  is  extracted,  is  very 
evere.  Mr.  Edwards  finds  fault  with  the  Perspective 
)ortion  of  the  works,  but  commends  the  instructions,  so 
ar  as  they  relate  to  the  process  of  paintings,  as  the  best 
hat  had  been  published.  See  Edwards's  Anecdotes  of 
Minting. 

Barecroft, Charles.  Lets,  against  Popery,  Lon.,  1688. 
Barecroft,  J.,  D.D.     Ars  Concionandi:  or  an   in- 
truction  to  young  students  in  divinity.     Being  advice  to 
,  son  in  the  university,  with  rules  for  preaching,  4th  ed., 
751,  enlarged  by  a  Short  View  of  the  Lives,  &c.  of  the 
Fathers,  Lon.,  1715. 
Barese,  Sir  Rd.    See  BENESE. 
Baret,  John,  a  scholar  of  Cambridge,  of  the  16th 
century.    An  Alvearie,  or  Quadruple  Dictionarie,  English, 
Latine,  Greeke,  and  French,  Londini,  1580.     Dedicated  to 
Lord  Burleigh.     An  edition  pub.  in  1573   contains  En 
glish,  Latin,  and  French,  only. 

Baret,  Michael.  An  Hipponimie,  or  the  Vineyard 
of  Horsemanship,  Lon.,  1618. 

Barfett,  John*  Funeral  Sermon  on  the  Rt.  Hon. 
Baroness  Barham:  2  Tim.  iv.  6-8.  The  Contest,  Con 
quest,  and  Reward,  of  the  Christian. 

Barfoot,  P.  Letters  to  W.  Pitt  on  Taxation,  <fcc.,  1786. 

Barford,  Rd.  The  Assembly,  1726.  Epistle  to  Ld. 
C.,  1730. 

Barford,  Wm.,  D.D.,  d.  1792,  was  admitted  into 
King's  College,  Cambridge,  in  1737.  For  one  session  he 
was  chaplain  to  the  House  of  Commons,  and  pub.  a  Ser 
mon  delivered  before  that  body,  1770.  In  Pindari  Pri- 
mum  Pythium  Dissertatio,  &c.,  1751.  A  Latin  Oration, 
1756.  Concio  ad  Clerum,  1784. 

He  died  as  he  had  lived,  universally  respected  by  all  learned 
and  good  men,  at  his  rectory  of  Kimpton."  See  Bryant's  System 
of  Mythology,  vol.  iii. 

Bargrave,  Isaac,  1586-1643,  Dean  of  Canterbury. 
Sermon  on  Hosea  x.  1,  Lon.,  1624.  Sermons,  1624,  1627. 
He  was  chaplain  to  Sir  Henry  Wotton  in  one  of  his  em 
bassies.  At  Venice  he  enjoyed  the  intimate  acquaintance 
of  Father  Paul, 

"  Who  once  said  to  him  that  he  thought  the  hierarchy  of  the 
Church  of  England  the  most  excellent  piece  of  discipline  in  the 
whole  Christian  world." 

Barham,  Francis.  Socrates,  Trag.,  Lon.,  1842.  A 
Key  to  Alisin.,  1847.  Trans,  of  Guizot's  Syncretism  and 
Coalition.  Other  works,  1847-1851. 

Barham,  Henry.  Hortus  Amcricanus;  containing  an 
Account  of  the  Trees,  Shrubs,  and  other  Vegetable  Produc 
tions  of  South  America  and  the  West  India  Islands,  particu 
larly  of  the  Island  of  Jamaica,  Kingston,  Jamaica,  1794* 

"  Interspersed  with  many  curious  and  useful  observations  re 
specting  their  uses  in  medicine,  diet,  and  the  arts.  He  gives  a 
particular  description  of  the  manufacture  of  indigo." 

An  Essay  upon  the  Silk  Worm,  Lon.,  1719.  Con.  to 
Phil.  Trans.,  1718-1719. 

Barham,  J.  F.  On  Use  of  Corn  in  Distilleries,  1808-10. 

Barham,  Richard  Harris,  1788-1845,  Rector  of 
St.  Augustine's,  and  St.  Faith,  London,  was  better  known 
by  the  literary  name  of  Thomas  Ingoldsby.  His  Ingolds- 
by  Legends  were  contributed  to  Bentley's  Miscellany,  and 
since  collected  in  volumes.  Of  the  First  Series,  a  5th  ed. 
was  pub.  in  1852 ;  Second  Series,  3d  ed.,  1842 ;  Third  Se 
ries,  2d  ed.,  with  Life  of  the  Author,  1847.  Mr.  Barham, 
during  many  years,  contributed  to  a  number  of  periodicals, 
viz. :  The  Edinburgh  Review,  Blackwood's  Magazine,  The 
Literary  Gazette,  Ac.  His  popular  novel,  My  Cousin  Ni 
cholas,  was  pub.  in  three  vols. 

"  Of  his  poetical  pieces  it  is  not  too  much  to  say,  that  for  origi 
nality  of  design  and  diction,  for  quaint  illustration  and  musical 
verse,  they  are  not  surpassed  in  the  English  language.  The 
Witches  Frolic  is  second  only  to  Tarn  O'Shanter;  and  the  Hon.  Mr. 
Sucklethumbkin's  Story  of  the  Execution  is  as  satirical  a  reproof 
of  a  vile,  morbid  appetite,  as  ever  was  couched  in  laughable  mea 
sure.  But  why  recapitulate  the  titles  of  either  prose  or  verse,— 
the  lays  of  dark  ages  belonging  to  the  fables  of  St.  Cuthbert,  St. 
Aloys  St.  Dunstan,  St.  Nicholas,  St.  Odille,  or  St.  Gengulphus.— 
since  they  have  been  confessed  by  every  judgment  to  be  singularly 
rich  in  classic  allusion  and  modern  illustration.  From  the  days 
of  Hudibras  to  our  time,  the  drollery  invested  in  rhymes  has  never 
been  so  amply  or  felicitously  exemplified ;  and  if  derision  has  been 
unsparingly  applied,  it  has  been  to  lash  knavery  and  imposture. 
—BenOetfs  Miscellany. 

Barham,  T.  F.  Introduc.  to  Greek  Grammar,  1829, 
8vo.  Unitarian  Doctrine,  1835,  8vo.  Greek  Roots  in  Eng. 
Rhymes,  1837,  18mo. 

Baring,  Alex.,  Lord  Ashburton,  1774-1S48.  On 
the  Orders  in  Council,  Lon.,  1808. 


BAR 

Baring,  Charles.    Peace  in  our  Power,  Lou.,  1793. 

Baring,  Sir  Francis,  1740-1810.  Commutation  Act, 
1785.  Establishment  of  the  Bank  of  England,  <fcc.,  1797. 
On  a  Publication  of  Walter  Boyd's,  Esq.,  M.P.,  1801. 

Barker.  Complete  List  of  Plays,  from  the  Commence 
ment  of  Theatrical  Performances  to  1803.  To  which  is 
added,  A  Continuation  of  the  Theatrical  Bemembrancer, 
showing  collectively  each  Author's  "Works,  1804. 

Barker,  Andrew.  The  Overthrow  of  Captain  Ward 
and  Wanseker,  two  Pirates,  Lon.,  1609. 

"  Daborne  took  the  plot  of  A  Christian  turn'd  Turk,  from  the 
above."  [Pub.  1612.]— LOWNDES. 

Barker,  Charles.     Sermons,  Lon.,  1806-07. 

Barker,  Charles.     Charity  Sermon,  Hull,  1825. 

Barker,  Edmund.     Sermons,  1660-61. 

Barker,  Edmund.  Trans,  of  Heister's  Practice  of 
Physic,  1757. 

Barker,  Edmund  Henry,  1788-1839,  entered  Tri 
nity  College,  Cambridge,  in  1807.  He  was  a  contributor 
to  the  Classical  Journal  for  twenty  years. 

"  His  first  article  appeared  in  No.  3,  and  nearly  every  succeed 
ing  number  exhibited  either  his  sign  manual,  or  else  an  anony 
mous  article  that  carried  with  it  internal  evidence  of  his  being 
the  author,  from  the  numerous  references  to,  and  scarcely  less  nu 
merous  extracts  from,  writers  but  little  known ;  and  by  a  similar 
test  it  is  easy  to  trace  his  contributions  to  the  British  Critic,  pre 
viously  to  its  change  from  a  monthly  to  a  quarterly  periodical, 
and  more  recently  in  the  pages  of  the  Monthly  Magazine  during 
the  editorship  of  Mr.  Reynolds." — Lon.  Gent.  Mag. 

On  leaving  the  University,  about  1810,  Mr.  Barker  took 
up  his  residence  with  Dr.  Parr,  at  Hatton,  where  he  re 
mained  for  five  years.  Soon  after  the  death  of  his  learned 
friend,  he  pub.  Parriana,  which  is,  with  injustice,  described 
in  the  Lon.  Monthly  Review  as  "  a  metrical  effusion  of  ig 
norance,  vanity,  and  absolute  imbecility."  Whilst  turn 
ing  over  rare  classical  tomes,  in  a  true  Dominie  Sampson 
spirit,  in  Dr.  Parr's  curious  library,  Mr.  Barker  conceived 
the  idea  of  preparing  a  new  edition  of  Stephens's  Thesau 
rus  Linguae  Graecae ;  "  intending  to  introduce  whatever 
materials  the  lapse  of  two  centuries  and  a  quarter  could 
furnish  for  the  improvement  of  the  Greek  Lexicography." 
The  editor  engaged  in  this  undertaking  with  great  zeal, 
accumulated  a  large  stock  of  materiel,  paid  pounds  each 
for  volumes,  which,  at  the  sale  of  his  library,  scarcely 
brought  shillings,  and  was  encouraged  by  a  list  of  800 
(Quarterly  Review  states  1100)  subscribers.  Vol.  1,  Parts 
I.-IV.,  appeared  in  1815-1818 ;  and  the  classical  enthu 
siast  was  prepared  to  wear  his  blushing  honours  with  no 
little  delectation ;  when,  in  an  evil  hour  for  our  Hellenist, 
Greek  met  Greek  in  a  terrible  charge  in  the  Quarterly 
Review,  (vol.  xxii.  p.  302,)  and  if  Demosthenes  did  not  fly 
from  Chaeronea,  the  friends  of  the  discomfited  warrior 
carried  him  away  on  their  shields.  Blomfield's  "  swashing 
blow"  was  not  fully  met  by  the  "  Aristarchus  Anti-Blom- 
fieldianus,"  which  has  been  called  "telum  imbelle  sine 
ictu." 

Barker  indeed  was  not  silenced,  as  was  Bentley  by  the 
famous  "Remarks"  of  Conyers  Middleton ;  but  though 
the  Thesaurus  with  its  cargo  appeared,  the  colours  of  the 
captain  were  not  nailed  to  the  mast.  The  name  of  the 
owner  only  was  blazoned  on  the  craft.  The  work,  how 
ever,  "at  last  made  its  way  through  the  press,  and  con 
sists  of  several  ponderous  folios,  forming  the  most  com 
plete  lexicographical  collection  that  ever  yet  has  appeared. 
This  is,  in  fact,  its  principal  merit ;  for  in  detail  it  is  liable 
to  much  criticism." 

This  MAGNUM  OPUS  comprises  no  less  than  11,752  pages 
of  double  columns !  but,  "  nihil  sine  labore,  et  labor  ipse 
voluptas"  was  so  true  of  Barker,  that 

"  When  a  friend  once  condoled  with  him  on  the  horrible  bore  of 
making  the  index,  that  had  occupied  three  years  in  the  composing 
and  printing,  Mr.  B.  observed  that  they  were  the  happiest  years 
of  his  life;  for  he  had  thus  read  again  and  again  the  Thesaurus, 
which  he  should  not  have  otherwise  done." — SURGES. 

Mr.  Barker  pub.,  in  1812,  Classical  and  Biblical  Recre 
ations,  one  volume  only  of  which  ever  appeared.  He 
gave  to  the  world  editions  of  the  Latin  Esop,  Caesar,  Ci 
cero,  Tacitus,  Demosthenes,  and  Xenophon,  with  English 
Notes.  He  also  edited  a  translation  of  Buttman's  Greek 
Grammar,  and,  in  conjunction  with  Professor  Dunbar,  of 
Edinburgh,  pub.  a  Greek-English  and  English-Greek 
Lexicon.  He  transmitted  to  Sturtz,  Notes  on  the  Etymo- 
logicon  Gudianum,  which  work  the  latter  was  editing. 
These  notes  were  considered  by  Barker  evidences  of  his 
skill  in  Greek  lexicography.  He  also  pub.  a  volume  to 
disprove  the  claims  of  Sir  Philip  Francis  to  the  author 
ship  of  Junius's  Letters.  An  English  reprint  of  Professor 
Anthon's  American  edition  of  Lempridre's  Classical  Dic 
tionary.  A  Letter  to  Rev.  T.  S.  Hughes.  A  reprint  of 


BAR 

South's  Sermons,  &c.  An  edition  of  an  unpub.  Greek  au 
thor,  Arcadius  de  accentibus.  He  also  edited  (?)  The 
Toy-Shop ;  The  Picture  Exhibition ;  Juvenile  Rambles 
through  the  Paths  of  Nature ;  Mrs.  Brown's  Crooked 
Sixpence.  There  has  been  published  lately  (1852)  Lite 
rary  Anecdotes,  and  Contemporary  Reminiscenses  of  Pro 
fessor  Person  and  others;  from  the  MS.  papers  of  Mr. 
Barker,  2  vols.,  London.  These  volumes  are  before  us. 
They  appear  to  be  of  the  kind  which  we  are  contented  to 
"  hope  to  read  sometime,"  but  do  not  feel  impelled  to  de 
vour  instanter. 

For  further  particulars  of  our  author,  see  memoir  in 
Lon.  Gent.  Mag.,  May,  1839;  and  Preface  to  the  Literary 
Anecdotes  cited  above. 

Barker,  George.    Sermons,  1697. 

Barker,  J.  The  Character  and  Tendency  of  the 
Christian  Religion,  on  Rom.  i.  17,  Sheffield,  1833. 

Barker,  James.     Sermon  on  Col.  iii.  12, 1661. 

Barker,  James  N.,  a  native  of  Philadelphia,  U.  S. 
America,  has  pub.  Tears  and  Smiles,  How  to  Try  a  Lover, 
and  other  works.  See  a  poem  of  Mr.  B.'s,  entitled  Little 
Red  Riding  Hood,  in  Griswold's  Poets  and  Poetry  of 
America. 

Barker,  John.     Sermon  on  John  xvii.  20,  21,  1683. 

Barker,  John.     Treasury  of  Fortification,  Lon.,  1707. 

Barker,  John,  M.D.,  d.  1748,  at  London,  was  author 
of  a  work  on  the  nature  of  the  fevers  which  raged  at 
London  in  1740-41 ;  also  of  An  Essay  on  the  Agreement 
between  Ancient  and  Modern  Physicians,  <fec.,  Lon.,  1747. 
In  French,  Amst.,  1749.  Paris,  with  notes  by  Lorry,  1767. 

Barker,  John.  Sermons,  1720-64.  An  eminent 
Presbyterian  minister  at  Salter's  Hall.  He  was  usually 
styled  the  "  Silver-tongued  Barker,"  from  his  fascinating 
delivery. 

"  His  Sermons  are  composed  in  a  natural  and  easy  style ;  the 
subjects  are  of  a  practical  nature,  and  treated  in  a  manner  highly 
judicious  and  evangelical."— WALTER  WILSON. 

Barker,  John.    Medical  Works,  1786-96. 

Barker,  Matthew.  Natural  Theology.  Sermons,  1674. 

Barker,  Peter.  Exps.  on  the  Ten  Commandments, 
1624. 

Barker,  Ralph.     Sermons  on  John  xxi.  17,  1691. 

Barker,Richard.  Consilium  Anti-Pestilentiale,1665. 

Barker,  Richard.     Sermon  on  Gal.  i.  10,  1707. 

Barker,  Root.,  M.D.   Con.  to  Phil.  Trans.,  1736-77. 

Barker,  Robt.    Con.  to  Phil.  Trans.,  1785. 

Barker,  Robt.    Medical  work,  Oxford,  1801. 

Barker,  S.     Providential  Deliverances,  1806. 

Barker,  Saml.  Funeral  of  the  Countess  of  Oxford; 
a  Sermon  on  1  Thess.  iv.  13,  1702. 

Barker,  Saml.  Poesis  Vetus  Hebraica  resti tutus, 
Ac.,  1761. 

Barker,  Thomas,  1721-1809,  son  of  the  above,  and 
grandson  of  the  celebrated  William  Whiston,  pub.  several 
theological  treatises,  and  contributed  Meteorological  Jour 
nals,  (1761-98,)  and  other  papers,  to  the  Phil.  Trans., 
1749-99.  A  Work  on  Baptism,  1771.  The  Messiah,  1780. 
The  Demoniacs  in  the  Gospel,  1780.  Whiston  gives  a 
very  high  character  to  the  father  of  our  author : 

"  Nor  is  it  easily  possible  for  one  man  to  be  more  obliged  to  ano 
ther  than  I  and  my  family  have  long  been  to  Mr.  Barker :  May 
God  Almighty  reward  him  for  the  same  both  in  this  and  the  next 
world." — Whiston's  Memoirs. 

Barker,  Thomas.  Art  of  Angling,  Lon.,  1651.  An 
edit.  1653,  anon.  In  1820  the  edit,  of  1651  was  reprinted 
at  Leeds,  1817,  of  which  one  copy  was  struck  off  in  4to. 
Barker's  Delight,  or  the  Art  of  Angling.  The  2d  edit., 
much  enlarged,  Lon.,  1657-59.  Reprinted  1820,  of  which 
four  copies  were  printed  on  yellow  paper,  and  one  on  vel 
lum. — LOWNDES. 

Barker,  Thomas.  Dr.  Wells's  Letter,  Ac.,  Lon., 
1706.  Funeral  Sermon  on  1  Pet.  iii.  4,  1712. 

Barker,  W.  H.  Grammar  of  the  Hebrew  Language, 
1774.  Hebrew  and  English  Lexicon,  1812. 

Barker,  Bark  am,  or  Bercher,  Wm.  Trans,  of 
some  theological.historical,  <fcc.,  works  into  English,  Lon  . 
1554-99. 

Barker,  Wm.     Principles  of  Hair-dressing,  1785. 

Barkham.     See  BABCHAM,  JOHN. 

Barksdale,  Clement,  1609-1687,  entered  as  a  ser 
vitor  in  Merton  College,  Oxford,  in  1625.  After  pursuing 
his  studies  with  great  assiduity  he  took  holy  orders,  and 
in  1637  supplied  the  place  of  chaplain  of  Lincoln  College 
at  the  church  of  All  Saints.  At  the  Restoration,  Charles 
II.  gave  him  the  living  of  Naunton  near  Hawling,  in 
Gloucestershire,  which  he  retained  until  his  death. 

"  He  was  a  good  Disputant,  a  great  admirer  of  Hugh  Grotius,  a 
frequent  Preacher,  but  very  conceited  and  vain,  a  great  pretender 

121 


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BAR 


to  Poetry,  and  a  Writer  and  Translator  of  several  little  Tracts, 
most  of  which  are  moir  Scribbles." — A.  WOOD. 

Barksdale's  works  were  pub.  from  time  to  time,  1640-79. 
They  are  chiefly  little  religious  tracts.  Of  others,  the 
principal  are  Nympha  Libethris,  or  the  Cotswold  Muse : 
presenting  some  extempore  Verses  to  the  imitation  of  young 
Scholars.  In  four  parts,  Lon.,  1651.  Wood  takes  care  to 
inform  us  that  this  book  does  not  refer  to  the  "  Cotswold 
Games,"  which  for  forty  years  were  carried  on  under  the 
superintendence  of  Eobt  Dover  : 

"  Endimion  Porter,  Esq.,  did  to  encourage  Dover,  give  him  some 
Of  the  King's  old  Cloaths,  with  a  Hat  and  Feather  and  Ruff,  pur 
posely  to  grace  him,  and  consequently  the  Solemnity.  Dover  was 
constantly  there  in  Person  well  mounted  and  accoutred,  and  was 
the  chief  Director  and  Manager  of  those  Games  frequented  by  the 
Nobility  and  Gentry,  (some  of  whom  came  60  Miles  to  see  them,) 
even  till  the  rascally  Rebellion  was  began  by  the  Presbyterians, 
which  gave  a  stop  to  their  Proceedings,  and  spoiled  all  that  was 
generous  or  ingenious  elsewhere." — Athm,  Oxon. 

Life  of  Hugo  Grotius,  Lon.,  1652 :  from  Meursis  and 
others.  Hooker's  Judicious  Illustrations  of  Holy  Scripture, 
Lon.,  1675. 

Memorials  of  Worthy  Persons.  Two  Decads,  Lon.,  1661. 
The  third  Decad,  Oxon.,  1662.  The  fourth,  Oxon.,  1663. 
A  Remembrance  of  Excellent  Men,  Lon.,  1670. 

"  This,  which  goes  for  the  fifth  Decad,  contains  the  character  of 
9  Divines  and  one  Layman,  taken  and  scribbled  as  the  rest  of  the 
Decads  were,  from  the  Sermons  preached  at  their  Funerals,  their 
Lives  and  Characters,  occasionally  given  Of  them  in  Public  Authors." 

The  Nympha  Libethris  is  a  very  rare  volume.  A  copy 
in  the  Bibl.  Anglo-Poet,  is  priced  £20.  See  a  description 
of,  and  extracts  from,  this  volume,  by  Mr.  Park  in  the 
Censura  Literaria.  A  reprint,  consisting  of  40  copies,  was 
pub.  in  1816  by  Sir  Egerton  Brydges. 

Barkshire,  Earl  of.  Publication  of  Guianas  Plan- 
tation,  newly  undertaken  by  the  Earl  of  Barkshire,  Lon., 
1623. 

Barkstead,  Wm.,  an  actor  temp.  James  I.  The  In 
satiate  Countess  [from  Bandello]  which  bears  J.  Marston's 
name  in  some  copies  of  the  editions  of  1613,  1631,  has 
been  ascribed  to  Barkstead.  (See  Biog.  Dramat.  Vol.  ii. 
Rose's  Biog.  Diet.)  Myrrha,  the  Mother  of  Adonis,  or 
Lust's  Prodigies,  a  Poem,  Lon.,  1607.  Hirem,  or  the  Fair 
Greek,  a  Poem,  Lon.,  1611. 

Barkwith,  W.     Cases  before  Ld.  Hardwick,  Ac. 

Barlace,  G.  Sketch  of  the  Progress  of  Knowledge 
in  England,  with  notices  of  learned  men,  Lon.,  1820,  4to. 

Barlee.     Doctrine  of  Predestination,  1658. 

Barlee,  Edward.  Free  and  Explanatory  Version 
of  the  Epistles,  Lon.,  1837. 

"The  translator  has  taken  great  liberties  with  the  authorized 
version." — LOWNDES. 

Barley,  Wm.     Martyrdome  of  St.  George,  Lon.,  1614. 

Barlow,  Edward.  1.  Meteor.  Essays.  2.  The  Tide, 
Lon.,  1715-17. 

Barlow,  Edward.     Con.  to  Annals  of  Med.,  1802. 

Barlow,  Frederic.    English  Peerage,  Lon.,  1773. 

"In  no  estimation  as  a  genealogical  work." — LOWNDES. 

Barlow,  J.  The  Loss  of  the  Abergavenny :  a  Poem. 
1805. 

Barlow,  Joel,  1755-1812,  was  a  native  of  Reading, 
Connecticut.  He  was  first  placed  at  Dartmouth  College, 
but  returned  to  New  Haven,  where  he  graduated  in  1778. 
After  a  very  insufficient  preparation,  he  obtained  a  license 
to  preach,  and  joined  the  American  army  in  the  capacity 
of  chaplain.  In  1783,  when  the  army  was  disbanded, 
Barlow  threw  aside  his  clerical  character,  and  resumed 
his  law  studies.  He  was  not  successful  at  the  bar,  and 
was  induced  to  visit  Europe  in  1788  as  an  agent  of  the 
Scioto  Company.  At  Paris  he  was  a  zealous  adherent  of 
the  Girondists.  Whilst  yet  at  Paris,  in  1795,  he  was  ap 
pointed,  by  President  Washington,  consul  to  Algiers. 
Returning  to  the  French  capital,  he  resumed  some  mer 
cantile  operations  in  which  he  had  previously  been  en 
gaged.  His  enterprise  was  rewarded  by  a  handsome  for 
tune.  After  17  years'  absence  he  returned  to  America  in 
1805,  and  purchased  a  house  in  Washington,  where  he 
took  up  his  residence.  In  1811  he  was  appointed  minister 
plenipotentiary  to  the  French  government.  His  negotia 
tions  at  Paris  for  a  commercial  treaty,  and  indemnification 
for  spoliation,  were  not  successful.  In  the  autumn  of  1812 
he  received  an  invitation  to  a  conference  with  Napoleon 
at  Wilna,  in  Poland.  Whilst  on  his  journey,  his  progress 
was  arrested  by  an  attack  of  inflammation  of  the  lungs, 
of  which  he  died  at  Zarnowitch,  a  small  village  near  Cra 
cow.  Barlow's  first  literary  production,  a  poem  written  in 
1778,  may  be  found  in  a  volume  entitled  American  Poems, 
pub.  at  Litchfield  in  1793.  In  1791,  when  made  Master 
of  Arts,  he  recited  a  poem  called  The  Prospect  of  Peace, 
which  was  subsequently  merged  in  The  Columbiad.  The 
122 


germ  of  this  epic,  The  Vision  of  Columbus,  was  pub.  in 
1787.  His  next  literary  employment  was  editing  Watts's 
Version  of  the  Psalms,  pub.  in  1786.  He  was  concerned 
about  this  time  in  a  weekly  paper,  a  book  store,  and  in 
contributing  to  the  Anarchiad.  In  1791  he  pub.  in  Lon 
don  the  first  part  of  his  Advice  to  the  Privileged  Orders. 
Part  II.  appeared  in  1795.  In  1792  he  gave  to  the  public 
The  Conspiracy  of  Kings,  a  poem  of  about  400  lines. 
Whilst  at  Chambery,  in  Savoy,  he  wrote  The  Hasty  Pud 
ding,  the  most  popular  of  his  poems. 

"  This  is  a  very  pleasing  performance.  .  .  .  His  versification  is 
successfully  modelled  upon  that  of  Goldsmith :  he  has  interspersed 
the  poem  with  several  ludicrous  parodies  on  the  most  popular  pas 
sages  of  English  poetry,  and  his  subject  naturally  presented  him 
with  many  images  and  views  of  life,  which,  if  not  in  themselves 
highly  poetical,  have,  at  least,  all  the  fresh  bloom  and  fragrance 
of  untried  novelty." — Anakctic  Magazine. 

We  should  not  omit  to  mention  Barlow's  zealous  at 
tempts  to  establish  a  great  national  academy  under  the 
patronage  of  the  federal  government.  In  1806  he  drew 
up  a  prospectus  of  a  national  institution.  Mr.  Logan,  of 
Pennsylvania,  introduced  a  bill  into  the  Senate  of  the 
United  States,  and  it  passed  to  a  second  reading.  It  was 
referred  to  a  committee  who  never  reported,  and  the  pro 
ject  came  to  nothing. 

In  1808  The  Columbiad  made  its  appearance  in  the  most 
magnificent  volume  which  had  ever  been  pub.  in  America. 
The  engravings  were  executed  in  London.  A  few  copies 
were  sold,  but  the  high  price  was  an  obstacle  to  circula 
tion.  A  cheaper  edition  was  issued  in  1809 ;  and  in  the 
same  year  it  was  pub.  in  London  by  Philips.  The  Colum 
biad  is  composed  of  a  number  of  visions,  in  which  Hesper, 
the  genius  of  the  western  Continent,  presents  to  Columbus, 
whilst  immured  in  prison  at  Valladolid,  "  that  which  shall 
be  hereafter."  The  War  of  the  Revolution,  the  events 
which  are  to  precede,  and  those  which  are  to  follow,  form 
part  of  the  vast  materiel  of  this  epic. 

"  This  poem  has  a  radical  defect  of  plan,  which  it  would  have 
been  difficult  for  any  degree  of  poetical  genius  to  have  completely 
overcome.  It  is  the  narrative  of  a  vision  and  a  dialogue,  conti 
nued  through  ten  cantos,  and  nearly  7000  lines.  Its  time  of  ac 
tion  extends  from  a  remote  period  of  antiquity  to  distant  futurity, 
and  the  scene  shifts,  with  the  rapidity  of  a  pantomime,  from  one 
part  of  the  globe  to  another.  It  has  no  regularly  connected  nar 
ration,  or  series  of  action,  by  which  characters  might  be  developed, 
interest  excited,  and  the  attention  kept  alive.  Besides,  the  con 
stant  mixture  of  real  and  familiar  history  with  allegory  and  fic 
tion,  is  a  combination  utterly  destructive  of  that  temporary  illu 
sion  by  which  we  are  led  to  interest  ourselves  in  the  adventures 
of  an  epic  hero.  .  .  .  His  verses  bear  no  signs  of  poetical  inspira 
tion  ;  it  is  evident  that  they  have  all  been  worked  by  dint  of  reso 
lute  labour." — Analectic  Mag.t  vol.  iv. 

The  faults,  both  of  plan  and  execution,  of  the  Colum 
biad,  "  were  remarked  upon,  with  their  usual  severity,  by 
the  Edinburgh  reviewers,  as  well  as  several  other  critical 
journals  of  this  country  and  of  Great  Britain."  Barlow 
bore  these  attacks  without  making  any  formal  defence, 
yet  with  less  dignity  than  became  a  philosopher,  attribut 
ing  them  all  to  political  enmity,  and,  like  Sir  Fretful  Pla 
giary  in  the  play,  often  expressing  his  utter  contempt  and 
disregard  of  all  his  assailants. 

"  In  sketching  the  history  of  America  from  the  days  of  Manco 
Capac  down  to  the  present  day,  and  a  few  thousand  years  lower, 
the  author,  of  course,  cannot  spare  time  to  make  us  acquainted 
with  any  one  individual.  The  most  important  personages,  there 
fore,  appear  but  once  upon  the  scene,  and  then  pass  away  and  are 
forgotten.  Mr.  Barlow's  exhibition  accordingly  partakes  more  of 
the  nature  of  a  procession,  than  of  a  drama.  River  gods,  sachems, 
majors  of  militia,  all  enter  at  one  side  of  his  stage,  and  go  off  at 
the  other,  never  to  return.  Rocha  and  Oella  take  up  as  much 
room  as  Greene  and  Washington ;  and  the  rivers  Potowmak  and 
Delaware,  those  fluent  and  venerable  personages,  both  act  and 
talk  a  great  deal  more  than  Jefferson  or  Franklin." — LORD  JEF 
FREY  :  Edinburgh  Review.  See  OLMSTEAD,  REV.  LEMUEL  G. 

Barlow,  John,  became  a  student  of  Hart  Hall,  Oxf., 
in  1600.  He  pub.  a  number  of  sermons,  (vide  Athen.  Oxon.,) 
1618-32. 

Barlow,  Peter,  b.  1776,  at  Norwich,  an  eminent  ma 
thematician,  although  he  had  only  the  advantages  of  a 
common-school  education.  In  1806,  he  was  appointed 
one  of  the  mathematical  masters  in  the  Royal  Military 
Academy  at  Woolwich,  and  filled  the  chair  until  1847, 
when  he  resigned.  1.  Elementary  Investigation  of  tho 
Theory  of  Numbers,  1811,  8vo.  2.  New  Mathematical 
Tables,  1814.  3.  Mathematical  and  Philosophical  Dic 
tionary,  1814.  4.  Essay  on  Strength  of  Timber  and  other 
Materials,  8vo.  5.  Magnetic  Attractions,  1820,  8vo,  6. 
Treatise  on  the  Manufactures,  &c.  of  Great  Britain,  4to. 
7.  Tables  of  Squares,  Cubes,  Square  Roots,  Ac. ;  new  ed., 
1843,  8vo.  Con.  to  Nic.  Jour.,  1802-09-10.  Mr.  Barlow 
is  a  Fellow  of  Ast.  Soc.  Mem.  Acad.  at  St.  Petersburg, 
Brussels,  and  Paris. 


BAR 

Barlow,  R.  A  Philosophizing  Spirit,  <fcc. ;  a  Sermon, 
1808. 

Barlow,  Sir  llobt.     On  the  B.  India  Company,  1813. 

Barlow,  Stephen.    History  of  Ireland,  1813-14. 

Barlow,  Theodore.    Justice  of  Peace,  Lon.,  1745. 

Barlow,  Thomas,  1607-1691,  descended  from  the 
ancient  family  of  Barlow-moore  in  Lancashire,  was  born 
at  Langhill,  in  Westmoreland.  In  his  16th  year  he  was 
entered  of  Queen's  College,  Oxford,  and  in  1633  was  chosen 
Fellow  of  his  College.  Two  years  later  he  received  the 
appointment  of  metaphysic-reader  in  the  University.  His 
lectures  were  highly  commended,  and  were  pub.  in  1637-38. 
In  1652  he  was  elected  keeper  of  the  Bodleian  Library, 
and  in  1657  was  chosen  provost  of  his  college,  succeeding 
Dr.  Langbaine.  On  the  death  of  Bishop  Fuller  he  was 
consecrated  his  successor  in  the  see  of  Lincoln.  He  was 
a  voluminous  writer.  Among  his  principal  works  are  the 
following :  A  Letter  on  Redemption,  1651.  For  Toleration 
of  the  Jews,  1660.  Mr.  Cottington's  Case  of  Divorce,  1671. 
Confutation  of  the  Infallibility  of  the  Church  of  Rome, 
1673.  The  Gunpowder  Treason,  1679.  Against  Popery, 

1679.  Quincii  Cornelii  Europaei  Monarchia  Solipossorum, 

1680.  Several  Treatises  relative  to  Dissenters,  and  the 
Church  of  Rome,  1676-88.     He  left  directions  that  none 
of  his  MSS.  should  be  printed  after  his  death;  neverthe 
less  Sir  Peter  Pett  pub.  his  Cases  of  Conscience  in  1692, 
and  Genuine  Remains  of  Bishop  Barlow  in  1693.    On  the 
latter  work  Henry  Brougham  pub.  Reflections  in  1694: 
the  list  of  books  was  pub.  separately  by  W.  Offley  in  1699. 

"  There  are  many  valuable  hints  in  the  Remains." — BICKERSTETH. 

Among  them  was  Directions  for  the  Choice  of  Books  in 
the  Study  of  Divinity,  which  was  pub.  from  MSS.  by  Offley 
in  1699  ,•  this  latter  edition  is  more  correct  than  the  pre 
vious  one. 

"This,  as  likewise  Bp.  Wilkins's Ecelesiastes,  (9th ed.  pub.  1718,) 
contains  much  valuable  information  respecting  older  books  of  di 
vinity." — LOWNDES. 

Two  Letters  of  Bp.  Barlow's  on  Justification  were  repub. 
in  1826. 

"  In  these  excellent  letters  the  Bishop  ably  establishes  the  doc 
trines  of  the  Reformation." 

"  A  powerful  polemical  defence  of  the  Doctrine.  See  Carlisle's 
Old  Doctrine  of  Faith,  1823,  and  Essay  on  the  extent  of  human 
and  Divine  Agency  in  producing  Faith,  Edinburgh,  1827."— BICK 
ERSTETH. 

"If  the  Reader  wishes  to  see  this  subject  treated  with  a  degree 
of  closeness  of  reasoning  and  logical  accuracy  which  defies  confuta 
tion,  he  will  do  well  to  peruse  these  Letters." — ARCHDEACON  BROWNE. 

Wood  quotes  a  florid  commendation  of  our  author  by 
Arthur,  Earl  of  Anglesey. 

"  I  never  think  of  this  Bishop,  and  of  his  incomparable  know 
ledge  both  in  Theology  and  Church  History,  and  in  the  Ecclesias 
tical  Law,  without  applying  to  him  in  my  Thoughts,  the  Cha 
racter  that  Cicero  gave  Crassus,  viz. :  Non  unus  e  rmiltis,  sed  units 
inter  omnes,  prop£  singularis." — Memoirs. 

Barlow,  or  Barlowe,  William,  d.  1568,  was  be 
fore  the  Reformation  a  monk  in  the  Augustine  Monastery, 
of  St.  Osith  in  Essex,  and  was  educated  there,  and  at  Ox 
ford.  It  is  a  very  remarkable  fact  that  he  was  succes 
sively  bishop  of  four  sees,  viz.:  1.  St.  Asaph;  2.  St. 
David's;  3.  Bath  and  Wells;  4.  Chichester;  and  was 
father-in-law  to  four  bishops,  and  one  archbishop,  viz. : 
the  bishops  of,  1.  Hereford.  2.  Winchester,  (Day.)  3.  Lich- 
field  and  Coventry.  4.  Winchester,  (Wickham.)  5.  Arch 
bishop  of  York.  (The  five  daughters  were  all  by  one  wife, , 
Agatha  Wellesbourne.)  So  that  our  author  was  not  with 
out  "benefit  of  Clergy."  He  wrote  Christian  Homilies, 
Cosmography,  (?)  The  Buriall  of  the  Mass,  Lutheran  Fac 
tions,  (?)  Lon.,  1553,  2d  ed.  He  assisted  in  the  compila 
tion  of  The  Godly  and  Pious  Institution  of  a  Christian 
Man,  commonly  called  The  Bishop's  Book,  Lon.,  1537. 
He  is  said  to  have  trans,  into  English,  in  Edward  VI.'s 
reign,  The  Apocrypha  as  far  as  the  Book  of  Wisdom. 
There  is  in  Bishop  Burnet's  History  of  the  Reformation, 
His  Answers  to  certain  Queries  concerning  the  Abuses  of 
the  Mass. 

"  In  1553,  upon  Queen  Mary's  coming  to  the  Crown,  he  was  de 
prived  of  his  Bishoprick  [Bath  and  Wells]  for  being  married;  com 
mitted  for  some  time  to  the  Fleet,  whence  escaping,  he  retired  with 
many  others  into  Germany  under  pretence  of  Religion,  and  lived 
there  in  a  poor  and  exile  condition."— A.  WOOD. 

He  was  noted  for  his  propensity  to  levity  and  jesting. 
Archbishop  Cranmer  would  sometimes  say  at  the  conclu 
sion  of  a  long  debate, 

"  This  is  all  very  true :  but  my  brother  Barlowe,  in  half  an  hour, 
will  teach  the  world  to  believe  it  is  but  a  jest."  See  Strype's 
Cranmer,  Parker,  Annals.,  Biog.  Brit.,  Harrington's  Brief  Tiew. 

Barlow,  William,  d.  1613,  successively  Bishop  of 
Rochester  and  Lincoln,  was  a  native  of  Lancashire.  He 
was  a  Fellow  of  Trinity  Hall,  Cambridge,  and  Chaplain 
to  Queen  Elizabeth  and  to  Archbishop  Whitgift.  In  1605 
he  was  elected  Bishop  of  Rochester,  and  in  1608  was  trans-  | 


BAR 

lated  to  Lincoln.  His  principal  works  are  Defence  of  the 
Articles  of  the  Protestant  Religion  against  a  Certain  Libel, 
Lon.,  1601 ;  Authentic  Relation  of  the  Famous  Conference 
between  Archbishop  Whitgift  and  the  Puritans,  held  at 
Hampton  Court,  Jan.  14, 15, 16, 1603,  before  King  James  I., 
Lon.,  1604.  He  trans,  three  Sermons  from  Lavater,  Lon., 
1596,  and  pub.  a  Life  of  Dr.  Richard  Cosin,  an  eminent 
civilian,  with  whom  he  had  lived  in  his  youth.  See  Has- 
sted's  Kent,  vol.  ii.,  and  Willis's  Cathedrals.  He  Avas  re 
puted  a  learned  and  excellent  preacher. 

Barlow,  or  Barlowe,  W  illiam,  d.  1625,  a  divine 
and  an  eminent  mathematician,  was  the  son  of  William 
I  Barlow,  Bishop  of  St.  David's,  <fcc. — (See  ante.)  He  en- 
j  tered  a  commoner  at  Baliol  College,  Oxford,  in  1560; 
|  B.  A.,  1564;  about  which  time  he  went  to  sea,  where  he 
!  acquired  a  considerable  knowledge  of  navigation,  which 
j  he  put  to  profitable  use  in  his  writings.  About  1573  he 
i  took  holy  orders,  and  in  1588  became  prebendary  of  Lich- 
|  field.  He  deserves  commendation  as  a  practical  philoso- 
i  pher,  and  acute  observer  in  the  department  which  engaged 
I  his  attention.  He  wrote  several  works  on  his  favourite 
subjects. 

The  Navigator's  Supply,  Lon.,  1597. 

"  This  booke  was  written  by  a  bishop's  sonne, 

And  by  affinity  to  many  bishops  kinne :" 
We  have  seen  [BARLOW  BP.  WILLIAM,  ante]  that  he  had 
five  episcopal  brothers-in-law. 

"  Considering  the  period  at  which  it  was  written,  this  is  certainly 
a  most  extraordinary  production." 

Magnetical  Advertisement,  concerning  the  Nature  and 
Properties  of  the  Loadstone,  Lon.,  1616 ;  A  Brief  Discovery 
of  the  Idle  Animadversions  of  Mark  Ridley,  M.D.,  upon 
a  Treatise  entitled  Magnetical  Advertisement,  Lon.,  1618. 
"  This  was  the  person  who  had  knowledge  in  the  Magnet  20 
years  before  Dr.  Will  Gilbert  published  his  Book  of  that  subject, 
and  therefore  by  those  that  knew  him,  he  was  accounted  superior, 
or  at  least  equal  to  that  Doctor  for  an  industrious  and  happy 
searcher  and  finder  out  of  many  rare  and  magnetical  secrets.  He 
was  the  first  that  made  the  inclinatory  instrument  transparent, 
and  to  be  used  pendant,  with  a  glass  on  both  sides  and  ring  on 
the  top,  whereas  Dr.  Gilbert's  hath  it  but  of  one  side,  and  to  be  set 
on  a  foot.  And  moreover,  he  hang'd  it  in  a  Compass-box,  where 
with  two  ounces  weight,  it  was  fit  for  use  at  sea.  Secondly,  ho 
was  the  first  that  found  out  and  shewed  the  difference  between 
Iron  and  Steel,  and  their  tempers  for  Magnetical  Uses,  which 
hath  given  life  and  quickening,  universally  to  all  Magnetical  In 
struments  whatsoever.  Thirdly,  he  was  the  first  that  showed  the 
right  way  of  touching  Magnetical  Needles.  Fourthly,  he  was  the 
first  that  found  out  and  showed  the  piercing  and  cementing  of 
Loadstones.  And  lastly,  the  first  that  showed  the  reasons  why  a 
Loadstone  being  double  capped,  must  take  up  so  great  weight." — 
Athen.  Oxen. ;  also  see  Button's  Mathematical  Dictionary. 

As  the  first  English  writer  on  the  nature  and  properties 
of  the  magnet,  and  the  inventor  of  the  compass-box,  as 
now  used  at  sea,  Barlow's  name  should  ever  be  held  in 
high  esteem,  not  only  by  those  "  who  go  down  to  the  sea 
in  ships  and  occupy  their  business  in  the  great  waters," 
but  by  all  who  are  in  any  way  interested — and  who  can 
be  excepted? — in  the  profitable  uses  of  navigation. 

Barlow,  William.  1.  A  Treatise.  2.  A  Sermon, 
Lon.,  1690. 

Barlow,  William.  Con.  to  Phil.,  Trans.,  1740-41. 
Barlow,  William.     Theory  of  Numbers,  Lon.,  1811. 
Barnaby,  A.     Proposals  for  Duty  on  Malt,  1696. 
Barnard,  Lady  Anne,  1750-1825,  was  the  daughter 
of  James  Lindsay,  fifth  Earl  of  Balcarras,  and  wife  to  Sir 
Andrew  Barnard,  librarian  to  George  III.     She  was  au 
thoress  of  the  well-known  ballad,  Auld  Robin  Gray ;  the 
authorship  of  which  was  kept  a  secret  for  more  than  fifty 
years.     In  1823,  in  a  letter  to  Sir  Walter  Scott,  Lady 
Barnard  acknowledges  the  ballad  as  her  own,  and  gives 
an  interesting  account  of  the  circumstances  attending  its 
production.     Captain  Hall  tells  us  that  during  a  visit  to 
Abbotsford  in  1825, 

"  Sir  Walter  entertained  us  much  by  an  account  of  the  origin 
of  the  beautiful  song  of  '  Auld  Robin  Grav.'  '  It  was  written,'  he 
said,  'by  Lady  Anne  Lindsay,  now  Lady  Anne  Barnard.  She 
happened  to  be  at  a  house  where  she  met  Miss  Suff  Johnson,  a 
well-known  person,  who  played  the  air,  and  accompanied  it  by 
words  of  no  great  delicacy,  whatever  their  antiquity  might  be; 
and  Lady  Anne,  lamenting  that  no  better  words  should  belong  to 
such  a  melody,  immediately  set  to  work,  and  composed  this  very 
pathetic  story.  Truth,  I  am  sorry  to  say,  obliges  me  to  add  that 
it  was  a  fiction.  Robin  Gray  was  her  father's  gardener,  and  the 
idea  of  the  young  lover  going  to  sea,  which  would  have  been  quite 
out  of  character  here  amongst  the  shepherds,  was  natural  enough 
where  she  was  then  residing,  on  the  coast  of  Fife.  It  was  long 
unknown  who  the  author  was;  and  indeed  there  was  a  clergyman 
on  the  coast  whose  conscience  was  so  large  that  he  took  the  burden 
of  this  matter  upon  himself,  and  plead  guilty  to  the  authorship. 
About  two  years  ago  I  wrote  to  Lady  Anne  to  know  the  truth, 
and  she  wrote  back  to  say  she  was  certainly  the  author,  but  won 
dered  how  I  could  have  guessed  it,  as  there  was  no  person  alive  to 
whom  she  had  told  it.  When  I  mentioned  having  heard  it  long 
ago  from  a  common  friend  who  was  dead,  she  then  recollected  mo, 


BAR 


BAR 


to  Poetry,  and  a  "Writer  and  Translator  of  several  little  Tracts, 
most  of  which  are  moir  Scribbles." — A.  WOOD. 

Barksdale's  works  were  pub.  from  time  to  time,  1640-79. 
They  are  chiefly  little  religious  tracts.  Of  others,  the 
principal  are  Nympha  Libethris,  or  the  Cotswold  Muse : 
presenting  some  extempore  Verses  to  the  imitation  of  young 
Scholars.  In  four  parts,  Lon.,  1651.  Wood  takes  care  to 
inform  us  that  this  book  does  not  refer  to  the  "  Cotswold 
Games,"  which  for  forty  years  were  carried  on  under  the 
superintendence  of  Robt.  Dover  : 

"  Endimion  Porter,  Esq.,  did  to  encourage  Dover,  give  him  some 
of  the  King's  old  Cloaths,  with  a  Hat  and  Feather  and  Ruff,  pur 
posely  to  grace  him,  and  consequently  the  Solemnity.  Dover  was 
constantly  there  in  Person  well  mounted  and  accoutred,  and  was 
the  chief  Director  and  Manager  of  those  Games  frequented  by  the 
Nobility  and  Gentry,  (some  of  whom  came  60  Miles  to  see  them,) 
even  till  the  rascally  Rebellion  was  began  by  the  Presbyterians, 
which  gave  a  stop  to  their  Proceedings,  and  spoiled  all  that  was 
generous  or  ingenious  elsewhere." — Athen.  Oxon. 

Life  of  Hugo  Grotius,  Lon.,  1652 :  from  Meursis  and 
others.  Hooker's  Judicious  Illustrations  of  Holy  Scripture, 
Lon.,  1675. 

Memorials  of  Worthy  Persons.  Two  Decads,  Lon.,  1661. 
The  third  Decad,  Oxon.,  1662.  The  fourth,  Oxon.,  1663. 
A  Remembrance  of  Excellent  Men,  Lon.,  1670. 

"  This,  which  goes  for  the  fifth  Decad,  contains  the  character  of 
9  Divines  and  one  Layman,  taken  and  scribbled  as  the  rest  of  the 
Decads  were,  from  the  Sermons  preached  at  their  Funerals,  their 
Lives  and  Characters,oceasionally  given  Of  them  in  Public  Authors." 

The  Nympha  Libethris  is  a  very  rare  volume.  A  copy 
in  the  Bibl.  Anglo-Poet  is  priced  £20.  See  a  description 
of,  and  extracts  from,  this  volume,  by  Mr.  Park  in  the 
Censura  Literaria.  A  reprint,  consisting  of  40  copies,  was 
pub.  in  1816  by  Sir  Egerton  Brydges. 

Barkshire,  Earl  of.  Publication  of  Guianas  Plan 
tation,  newly  undertaken  by  the  Earl  of  Barkshire,  Lon., 
1623. 

Barkstead,  Wm.,  an  actor  temp.  James  I.  The  In 
satiate  Countess  [from  Bandello]  which  bears  J.  Marston's 
name  in  some  copies  of  the  editions  of  1613,  1631,  has 
been  ascribed  to  Barkstead.  (See  Biog.  Dramat.  Vol.  ii. 
Rose's  Biog.  Diet.)  Myrrha,  the  Mother  of  Adonis,  or 
Lust's  Prodigies,  a  Poem,  Lon.,  1607.  Hirem,  or  the  Fair 
Greek,  a  Poem,  Lon.,  1611. 

Barkwith,  W.     Cases  before  Ld.  Hardwick,  &c. 

Barlace,  G.  Sketch  of  the  Progress  of  Knowledge 
in  England,  with  notices  of  learned  men,  Lon.,  1820,  4to. 

Barlee.     Doctrine  of  Predestination,  1658. 

Barlee,  Edward.  Free  and  Explanatory  Version 
of  the  Epistles,  Lon.,  1837. 

"The  translator  has  taken  great  liberties  with  the  authorized 
version." — LOWNDES. 

Barley,  Wm.     Martyrdome  of  St.  George,  Lon.,  1614. 

Barlow,  Edward.  1.  Meteor.  Essays.  2.  The  Tide, 
Lon.,  1715-17. 

Barlow,  Edward.     Con.  to  Annals  of  Med.,  1802. 

Barlow,  Frederic.    English  Peerage,  Lon.,  1773. 

"In  no  estimation  as  a  genealogical  work." — LOWNDES. 

Barlow,  J.  The  Loss  of  the  Abergavenny :  a  Poem, 
1805. 

Barlow,  Joel,  1755-1812,  was  a  native  of  Reading, 
Connecticut.  He  was  first  placed  at  Dartmouth  College, 
but  returned  to  New  Haven,  where  he  graduated  in  1778. 
After  a  very  insufficient  preparation,  he  obtained  a  license 
to  preach,  and  joined  the  American  army  in  the  capacity 
of  chaplain.  In  1783,  when  the  army  was  disbanded, 
Barlow  threw  aside  his  clerical  character,  and  resumed 
his  law  studies.  He  was  not  successful  at  the  bar,  and 
was  induced  to  visit  Europe  in  1788  as  an  agent  of  the 
Scioto  Company.  At  Paris  he  was  a  zealous  adherent  of 
the  Girondists.  Whilst  yet  at  Paris,  in  1795,  he  was  ap 
pointed,  by  President  Washington,  consul  to  Algiers. 
Returning  to  the  French  capital,  he  resumed  some  mer 
cantile  operations  in  which  he  had  previously  been  en 
gaged.  His  enterprise  was  rewarded  by  a  handsome  for 
tune.  After  17  years'  absence  he  returned  to  America  in 
1805,  and  purchased  a  house  in  Washington,  where  he 
took  up  his  residence.  In  1811  he  was  appointed  minister 
plenipotentiary  to  the  French  government.  His  negotia 
tions  at  Paris  for  a  commercial  treaty,  and  indemnification 
for  spoliation,  were  not  successful.  In  the  autumn  of  1812 
he  received  an  invitation  to  a  conference  with  Napoleon 
at  Wilna,  in  Poland.  Whilst  on  his  journey,  his  progress 
was  arrested  by  an  attack  of  inflammation  of  the  lungs, 
of  which  he  died  at  Zarnowitch,  a  small  village  near  Cra 
cow.  Barlow's  first  literary  production,  a  poem  written  in 
1778,  may  be  found  in  a  volume  entitled  American  Poems, 
pub.  at  Litchfield  in  1793.  In  1791,  when  made  Master 
of  Arts,  he  recited  a  poem  called  The  Prospect  of  Peace, 
which  was  subsequently  merged  in  The  Columbiad.  The 

123 


germ  of  this  epic,  The  Vision  of  Columbus,  was  pub.  in 
1787.  His  next  literary  employment  was  editing  Watts's 
Version  of  the  Psalms,  pub.  in  1786.  He  was  concerned 
about  this  time  in  a  weekly  paper,  a  book  store,  and  in 
contributing  to  the  Anarchiad.  In  1791  he  pub.  in  Lon 
don  the  first  part  of  his  Advice  to  the  Privileged  Orders. 
Part  II.  appeared  in  1795.  In  1792  he  gave  to  the  public 
The  Conspiracy  of  Kings,  a  poem  of  about  400  linos. 
Whilst  at  Chambery,  in  Savoy,  he  wrote  The  Hasty  Pud 
ding,  the  most  popular  of  his  poems. 

"  This  is  a  very  pleasing  performance.  .  .  .  His  versification  is 
successfully  modelled  upon  that  of  Goldsmith :  he  has  interspersed 
the  poem  with  several  ludicrous  parodies  on  the  most  popular  pas 
sages  of  English  poetry,  and  his  subject  naturally  presented  him 
with  many  images  and  views  of  life,  which,  if  not  in  themselves 
highly  poetical,  have,  at  least,  all  the  fresh  bloom  and  fragrance 
of  untried  novelty." — Anakctic  Magazine. 

We  should  not  omit  to  mention  Barlow's  zealous  at 
tempts  to  establish  a  great  national  academy  under  the 
patronage  of  the  federal  government.  In  1806  he  drew 
up  a  prospectus  of  a  national  institution.  Mr.  Logan,  of 
Pennsylvania,  introduced  a  bill  into  the  Senate  of  the 
United  States,  and  it  passed  to  a  second  reading.  It  was 
referred  to  a  committee  who  never  reported,  and  the  pro 
ject  came  to  nothing. 

In  1808  The  Columbiad  made  its  appearance  in  the  most 
magnificent  volume  which  had  ever  been  pub.  in  America. 
The  engravings  were  executed  in  London.  A  few  copies 
were  sold,  but  the  high  price  was  an  obstacle  to  circula 
tion.  A  cheaper  edition  was  issued  in  1809 ;  and  in  the 
same  year  it  was  pub.  in  London  by  Philips.  The  Colum 
biad  is  composed  of  a  number  of  visions,  in  which  Hesper, 
the  genius  of  the  western  Continent,  presents  to  Columbus, 
whilst  immured  in  prison  at  Valladolid,  "  that  which  shall 
be  hereafter."  The  War  of  the  Revolution,  the  events 
which  are  to  precede,  and  those  which  are  to  follow,  form 
part  of  the  vast  materiel  of  this  epic. 

"  This  poem  has  a  radical  defect  of  plan,  which  it  would  have 
been  difficult  for  any  degree  of  poetical  genius  to  have  completely 
overcome.  It  is  the  narrative  of  a  vision  and  a  dialogue,  conti 
nued  through  ten  cantos,  and  nearly  7000  lines.  Its  time  of  ac 
tion  extends  from  a  remote  period  of  antiquity  to  distant  futurity, 
and  the  scene  shifts,  with  the  rapidity  of  a  pantomime,  from  one 
part  of  the  globe  to  another.  It  has  no  regularly  connected  nar 
ration,  or  series  of  action,  by  which  characters  might  be  developed, 
interest  excited,  and  the  attention  kept  alive.  Besides,  the  con 
stant  mixture  of  real  and  familiar  history  with  allegory  and  fic 
tion,  is  a  combination  utterly  destructive  of  that  temporary  illu 
sion  by  which  we  are  led  to  interest  ourselves  in  the  adventures 
of  an  epic  hero.  .  .  .  His  verses  bear  no  signs  of  poetical  inspira 
tion  ;  it  is  evident  that  they  have  all  been  worked  by  dint  of  reso 
lute  labour." — Analectic  Mag.,  vol.  iv. 

The  faults,  both  of  plan  and  execution,  of  the  Colum 
biad,  "  were  remarked  upon,  with  their  usual  severity,  by 
the  Edinburgh  reviewers,  as  well  as  several  other  critical 
journals  of  this  country  and  of  Great  Britain."  Barlow 
bore  these  attacks  without  making  any  formal  defence, 
yet  with  less  dignity  than  became  a  philosopher,  attribut 
ing  them  all  to  political  enmity,  and,  like  Sir  Fretful  Pla 
giary  in  the  play,  often  expressing  his  utter  contempt  and 
disregard  of  all  his  assailants. 

"  In  sketching  the  history  of  America  from  the  days  of  Manco 
Capac  down  to  the  present  day,  and  a  few  thousand  years  lower, 
the  author,  of  course,  cannot  spare  time  to  make  us  acquainted 
with  any  one  individual.  The  most  important  personages,  there 
fore,  appear  but  once  upon  the  scene,  and  then  pass  away  and  are 
forgotten.  Mr.  Barlow's  exhibition  accordingly  partakes  more  of 
the  nature  of  a  procession,  than  of  a  drama.  River  gods,  sachems, 
majors  of  militia,  all  enter  at  one  side  of  his  stage,  and  go  off  at 
the  other,  never  to  return.  Rocha  and  Oella  take  up  as  much 
room  as  Greene  and  Washington ;  and  the  rivers  Potowmak  and 
Delaware,  those  fluent  and  venerable  personages,  both  act  and 
talk  a  great  deal  more  than  Jefferson  or  Franklin." — LORD  JKF- 
FRET  :  Edinburgh  Review.  See  OLMSTEAD,  REV.  LEMUEL  G. 

Barlow,  John,  became  a  student  of  Hart  Hall,  Oxf., 
in  1600.  He  pub.  a  number  of  sermons,  (vide  Athen.  Oxon.,) 
1618-32. 

Barlow,  Peter,  b.  1776,  at  Norwich,  an  eminent  ma 
thematician,  although  he  had  only  the  advantages  of  a 
common-school  education.  In  1806,  he  was  appointed 
one  of  the  mathematical  masters  in  the  Royal  Military 
Academy  at  Woolwich,  and  filled  the  chair  until  1847, 
when  he  resigned.  1.  Elementary  Investigation  of  the 
Theory  of  Numbers,  1811,  8vo.  2.  New  Mathematical 
Tables,  1814.  3.  Mathematical  and  Philosophical  Dic 
tionary,  1814.  4.  Essay  on  Strength  of  Timber  and  other 
Materials,  8vo.  5.  Magnetic  Attractions,  1820,  Svo,  6. 
Treatise  on  the  Manufactures,  Ac.  of  Great  Britain,  4to. 
7.  Tables  of  Squares,  Cubes,  Square  Roots,  Ac. ;  new  ed., 
1843,  Svo.  Con.  to  Nic.  Jour.,  1802-09-10.  Mr.  Barlow 
is  a  Fellow  of  Ast.  Soc.  Mem.  Acad.  at  St.  Petersburg, 
Brussels,  and  Paris. 


BAR 

Barlow,  R.  A  Philosophizing  Spirit,  &c. ;  a  Sermon, 
1808. 

Barlow,  Sir  Robt.     On  the  E.  India  Company,  1813. 

Barlow,  Stephen.    History  of  Ireland,  1813-14. 

Barlow,  Theodore.    Justice  of  Peace,  Lon.,  1745. 

Barlow,  Thomas,  1607-1691,  descended  from  the 
ancient  family  of  Barlow-moore  in  Lancashire,  was  born 
at  Langhill,  in  Westmoreland.  In  his  16th  year  he  was 
entered  of  Queen's  College,  Oxford,  and  in  1633  was  chosen 
Fellow  of  his  College.  Two  years  later  he  received  the 
appointment  of  metaphysic-reader  in  the  University.  His 
lectures  were  highly  commended,  and  were  pub.  in  1637-38. 
In  1652  he  was  elected  keeper  of  the  Bodleian  Library, 
and  in  1657  was  chosen  provost  of  his  college,  succeeding 
Dr.  Langbaine.  On  the  death  of  Bishop  Fuller  he  was 
consecrated  his  successor  in  the  see  of  Lincoln.  He  was 
a  voluminous  writer.  Among  his  principal  works  are  the 
following  :  A  Letter  on  Redemption,  1651.  For  Toleration 
of  the  Jews,  1660.  Mr.  Cottington's  Case  of  Divorce,  1671. 
Confutation  of  the  Infallibility  of  the  Church  of  Rome, 
1673.  The  Gunpowder  Treason,  1679.  Against  Popery, 

1679.  Quincii  Cornelii  Europaei  Monarchia  Solipossorum, 

1680.  Several  Treatises  relative  to  Dissenters,  and  the 
Church  of  Rome,  1676-88.     He  left  directions  that  none 
of  his  MSS.  should  be  printed  after  his  death ;  neverthe 
less  Sir  Peter  Pett  pub.  his  Cases  of  Conscience  in  1692, 
and  Genuine  Remains  of  Bishop  Barlow  in  1693.    On  the 
latter  work  Henry  Brougham  pub.  Reflections  in  1694: 
the  list  of  books  was  pub.  separately  by  W.  Ofiiey  in  1699. 

"  There  are  many  valuable  hints  in  the  Remains." — BICKERSTETH. 

Among  them  was  Directions  for  the  Choice  of  Books  in 
the  Study  of  Divinity,  which  was  pub.  from  MSS.  by  Ofiiey 
in  1699 ;  this  latter  edition  is  more  correct  than  the  pre 
vious  one. 

"This,  as  likewise  Bp.  Wilkins's  Ecelesiastes,  (9th ed.  pub.  1718,) 
contains  much  valuable  information  respecting  older  books  of  di 
vinity." — LOWXDES. 

Two  Letters  of  Bp.  Barlow's  on  Justification  were  repub. 
in  1826. 

"  In  these  excellent  letters  the  Bishop  ably  establishes  the  doc 
trines  of  the  Reformation." 

"  A  powerful  polemical  defence  of  the  Doctrine.  See  Carlisle's 
Old  Doctrine  of  Faith,  1823,  and  Essay  on  the  extent  of  human 
and  Divine  Agency  in  producing  Faith,  Edinburgh,  1827."— BICK 
ERSTETH. 

"  If  the  Reader  wishes  to  see  this  subject  treated  with  a  degree 
of  closeness  of  reasoning  and  logical  accuracy  which  defies  confuta 
tion,  he  will  do  well  to  peruse  these  Letters." — ARCHDEACON  BROWNE. 

Wood  quotes  a  florid  commendation  of  our  author  by 
Arthur,  Earl  of  Anglesey. 

"  I  never  think  of  this  Bishop,  and  of  his  incomparable  know 
ledge  both  in  Theology  and  Church  History,  and  in  the  Ecclesias 
tical  Law,  without  applying  to  him  in  my  Thoughts,  the  Cha 
racter  that  Cicero  gave  Crassus,  viz.:  Non  unus  e  muUis,  sed  unus 
inter  omnes,  prop£  singitlaris." — Memoirs. 

Barlow,  or  Barlowe,  William,  d.  1568,  was  be 
fore  the  Reformation  a  monk  in  the  Augustine  Monastery, 
of  St.  Osith  in  Essex,  and  was  educated  there,  and  at  Ox 
ford.  It  is  a  very  remarkable  fact  that  he  was  succes 
sively  bishop  of  four  sees,  viz.:  1.  St.  Asaph;  2.  St. 
David's;  3.  Bath  and  Wells;  4.  Chichester;  and  was 
father-in-law  to  four  bishops,  and  one  archbishop,  viz.: 
the  bishops  of,  1.  Hereford.  2.  Winchester,  (Day.)  3.  Lich- 
field  and  Coventry.  4.  Winchester,  (Wickham.)  5.  Arch 
bishop  of  York.  (The  five  daughters  were  all  by  one  wife, , 
Agatha  Wellesbourne.)  So  that  our  author  was  not  with 
out  "benefit  of  Clergy."  He  wrote  Christian  Homilies, 
Cosmography,  (?)  The  Buriall  of  the  Mass,  Lutheran  Fac 
tions,  (?)  Lon.,  1553,  2d  ed.  He  assisted  in  the  compila 
tion  of  The  Godly  and  Pious  Institution  of  a  Christian 
Man,  commonly  called  The  Bishop's  Book,  Lon.,  1537. 
He  is  said  to  have  trans,  into  English,  in  Edward  VI.'s 
reign,  The  Apocrypha  as  far  as  the  Book  of  Wisdom. 
There  is  in  Bishop  Burnet's  History  of  the  Reformation, 
His  Answers  to  certain  Queries  concerning  the  Abuses  of 
the  Mass. 

"  In  1553,  upon  Queen  Mary's  coming  to  the  Crown,  he  was  de 
prived  of  his  Bishoprick  [Bath  and  Wells]  for  being  married;  com 
mitted  for  some  time  to  the  Fleet,  whence  escaping,  he  retired  with 
many  others  into  Germany  under  pretence  of  Religion,  and  lived 
there  in  a  poor  and  exile  condition."— A.  WOOD. 

He  was  noted  for  his  propensity  to  levity  and  jesting. 
Archbishop  Cranmer  would  sometimes  say  at  the  conclu 
sion  of  a  long  debate, 

"  This  is  all  very  true :  but  my  brother  Barlowe,  in  half  an  hour, 
will  teach  the  world  to  believe  it  is  but  a  jest."  See  Strype's 
Cranmer,  Parker,  Annals.,  Biog.  Brit.,  Harrington's  Brief  Tiew. 

Barlow,  William,  d.  1613,  successively  Bishop  of 
Rochester  and  Lincoln,  was  a  native  of  Lancashire.     He 
was  a  Fellow  of  Trinity  Hall,  Cambridge,  and  Chaplain 
to  Queen  Elizabeth  and  to  Archbishop  Whitgift.     In  1605  j 
he  was  elected  Bishop  of  Rochester,  and  in  1608  was  trans-  { 


BAR 

lated  to  Lincoln.  His  principal  works  are  Defence  of  the 
Articles  of  the  Protestant  Religion  against  a  Certain  Libel, 
Lpn.,  1601;  Authentic  Relation  of  the  Famous  Conference 
between  Archbishop  Whitgift  and  the  Puritans,  held  at 
Hampton  Court,  Jan.  14, 15, 16, 1603,  before  King  James  I., 
'  Lon.,  1604.  He  trans,  three  Sermons  from  Lavater,  Lon., 
1596,  and  pub.  a  Life  of  Dr.  Richard  Cosin,  an  eminent 
civilian,  with  whom  he  had  lived  in  his  youth.  See  Has- 
i  sted's  Kent,  vol.  ii.,  and  Willis's  Cathedrals.  He  was  re 
puted  a  learned  and  excellent  preacher. 

Barlow,  or  Barlowe,  William,  d.  1625,  a  divine 
and  an  eminent  mathematician,  was  the  son  of  William 
I  Barlow,  Bishop  of  St.  David's,  <fcc. — (See  ante.)  He  en- 
j  tered  a  commoner  at  Baliol  College,  Oxford,  in  1560 ; 
!  B.  A.,  1564;  about  which  time  he  went  to  sea,  where  he 
!  acquired  a  considerable  knowledge  of  navigation,  which 
j  he  put  to  profitable  use  in  his  writings.  About  1573  he 
!  took  holy  orders,  and  in  1588  became  prebendary  of  Lich- 
I  field.  He  deserves  commendation  as  a  practical  philoso- 
)  pher,  and  acute  observer  in  the  department  which  engaged 
I  his  attention.  He  wrote  several  works  on  his  favourite 
subjects. 

The  Navigator's  Supply,  Lon.,  1597. 

"  This  booke  was  written  by  a  bishop's  sonne, 

And  by  affinity  to  many  bishops  kinne :" 
We  have  seen  [BARLOW  Bp.  WILLIAM,  ante]  that  he  had 
five  episcopal  brothers-in-law. 

"  Considering  the  period  at  which  it  was  written,  this  is  certainly 
a  most  extraordinary  production." 

Magnetical  Advertisement,  concerning  the  Nature  and 

Properties  of  the  Loadstone,  Lon.,  1616 ;  A  Brief  Discovery 

;  of  the  Idle  Animadversions  of  Mark  Ridley,  M.D.,  upon 

a  Treatise  entitled  Magnetical  Advertisement,  Lon.,  1618. 

"  This  was  the  person  who  had  knowledge  in  the  Magnet  20 

years  before  Dr.  Will  Gilbert  published  his  Book  of  that  subject, 

and  therefore  by  those  that  knew  him,  he  was  accounted  superior, 

j  or  at  least  equal  to  that  Doctor  for  an  industrious  and  happy 

searcher  and  finder  out  of  many  rare  and  magnetical  secrets.    He 

was  the  first  that  made  the  inclinatory  instrument  transparent, 

and  to  be  used  pendant,  with  a  glass  on  both  sides  and  ring  on 

!  the  top,  whereas  Dr.  Gilbert's  hath  it  but  of  one  side,  and  to  be  set 

!on  a  foot.  And  moreover,  he  hang'd  it  in  a  Compass-box,  where 
with  two  ounces  weight,  it  was  fit  for  use  at,  sea.  Secondly,  ho 
j  was  the  first  that  found  out  and  shewed  the  difference  between 
Iron  and  Steel,  and  their  tempers  for  Magnetical  Uses,  which 
hath  given  life  and  quickening,  universally  to  all  Magnetical  In 
struments  whatsoever.  Thirdly,  he  was  the  first  that  showed  the 
right  way  of  touching  Magnetical  Needles.  Fourthly,  he  was  the 
first  that  found  out  and  showed  the  piercing  and  cementing  of 
Loadstones.  And  lastly,  the  first  that  showed  the  reasons  why  a 
Loadstone  being  double  capped,  must  take  up  so  great  weight." — 
Athen.  Oxon. ;  also  see  Hutton's  Mathematical  Dictionary. 

As  the  first  English  writer  on  the  nature  and  properties 
of  the  magnet,  and  the  inventor  of  the  compass-box,  as 
now  used  at  sea,  Barlow's  name  should  ever  be  held  in 
high  esteem,  not  only  by  those  "who  go  down  to  the  sea 
in  ships  and  occupy  their  business  in  the  great  waters," 
but  by  all  who  are  in  any  way  interested — and  who  can 
be  excepted? — in  the  profitable  uses  of  navigation. 

Barlow,  William.  1.  A  Treatise.  2.  A  Sermon, 
Lon.,  1690. 

Barlow,  William.  Con.  to  Phil.,  Trans.,  1740-41. 

Barlow,  William.     Theory  of  Numbers,  Lon.,  1811. 

Barnaby,  A.     Proposals  for  Duty  on  Malt,  1696. 

Barnard,  Lady  Anne,  1750-1825,  was  the  daughter 
of  James  Lindsay,  fifth  Earl  of  Balcarras,  and  wife  to  Sir 
Andrew  Barnard,  librarian  to  George  III.  She  was  au 
thoress  of  the  well-known  ballad,  Auld  Robin  Gray ;  the 
authorship  of  which  was  kept  a  secret  for  more  than  fifty 
years.  In  1823,  in  a  letter  to  Sir  Walter  Scott,  Lady 
Barnard  acknowledges  the  ballad  as  her  own,  and  gives 
an  interesting  account  of  the  circumstances  attending  its 
production.  Captain  Hall  tells  us  that  during  a  visit  to 
Abbotsford  in  1825, 

"  Sir  Walter  entertained  us  much  by  an  account  of  the  origin 
of  the  beautiful  song  of  '  Auld  Robin  Gray.'  '  It  was  written,'  he 
said,  '  by  Lady  Anne  Lindsay,  now  Lady  Anne  Barnard.  She 
happened  to  be  at  a  house  where  she  met  Miss  Suff  Johnson  a 
well-known  person,  who  played  the  air,  and  accompanied  it  by 
words  of  no  great  delicacy,  whatever  their  antiquity  might  be; 
and  Lady  Anne,  lamenting  that  no  better  words  should  belong  to 
such  a  melody,  immediately  set  to  work,  and  composed  this  very- 
pathetic  story.  Truth,  I  am  sorry  to  say,  obliges  me  to  add  that 
it  was  a  fiction.  Robin  Gray  was  her  father's  gardener,  and  the 
idea  of  the  young  lover  going  to  sea,  which  would  have  been  quite 
out  of  character  here  amongst  the  shepherds,  was  natural  enough 
where  she  was  then  residing,  on  the  coast  of  Fife.  It  was  long 
unknown  who  the  author  was;  and  indeed  there  was  a  clergyman 
on  the  coast  whose  conscience  was  so  large  that  he  took  the  burden 
of  this  matter  upon  himself,  and  plead  guilty  to  the  authorship. 
About  two  years  ago  I  wrote  to  Lady  Anne  to  know  the  truth, 
and  she  wrote  back  to  say  she  was  certainly  the  author,  but  won 
dered  how  I  could  have  guessed  it,  as  there  was  no  person  alive  to 
whom  she  had  told  it.  When  I  mentioned  having  heard  it  long 
ago  from  a  common  friend  who  was  dead,  she  then  recollected  uio, 


BAR 

and  wrote  me  one  of  the  kindest  letters  I  ever  received,  saying  she 
had  till  now  not  the  smallest  idea  that  I  was  the  little  lame  boy 
she  had  known  so  many  years  before.' " 

In  1825,  Sir  Walter  Scott  edited  for  the  Bannatyne  Club 
a  tract  containing  a  corrected  version  of  the  original  bal 
lad,  and  two  continuations  by  the  authoress. 

Barnard,  Mrs.  Caroline.  A  Parent's  Offspring; 
or  Tales  for  Children,  1812,  2  vols.  12mo. 

"  In  these  tales,  our  young  readers  will  find  considerable  variety 
and  interest,  together  with  some  humour,  and  a  good  moral  ten 
dency." — Lon.  Monthly  Review. 

Barnard,  Edward,  1721-1774,  minister  at  Haver- 
hill,  Massachusetts,  was  an  excellent  scholar,  and  a  highly 
esteemed  preacher  and  minister.  He  pub.  sermons,  <fcc., 
1754,  '65,  '73. 

Barnard,  Francis.  Funl.  serin,  on  Mrs.Fularton,1735. 
Barnard,  Frederick  A.  P.,  LL.D.,  b.  1809,  Shef 
field,  Mass.,  graduated  at  Yale  College,  1828;  in  1831-33, 
instructor  in  the  American  Asylum  for  the  Deaf  and  Dumb 
at  Hartford;  in  1833-38,  tutor  in  the  N.  Y.  Inst.  for  Deaf 
and  Dumb ;  in  1848-54,  Prof,  of  Nat.  Philos.,  Math.,  and 
afterwards  Chemistry,  in  the  Univ.  of  Alabama;  in  1856, 
Prest.  Univ.  of  Mississippi.  1.  Treatise  on  Arithmetic, 
1830.  2.  Grammar,  1834.  3.  Letters  on  College  Govern 
ment,  and  the  Evils  inseparable  from  the  American  College 
System  in  its  Present  Form,  1855. 

"This  is  a  work  of  extraordinary  ability,  and  has  excited  the  at 
tention  of  the  ablest  minds  in  the  country." — Appleton's  New 
Amer.  Gyc. 

Barnard,  Henry,  b.  at  Hartford,  Connecticut,  1811  ; 
graduated  at  Yale  College  in  1830  ;  received  the  degree  of 
LL.D.  from  Yale  College  in  1852,  from  Union  College  in 
1852,  and  from  Harvard  College  in  1853.  Mr.  B.  is  well 
known  for  his  laborious  efforts  and  many  publications  on 
behalf  of  the  system  of  Public  Schools.  We  have  before 
us  a  list  of  no  less  than  twenty-eight  documents,  reports, 
&c.,  for  which  the  country  is  indebted  to  this  public  bene 
factor.  Such  men  are  worthy  of  all  honour.  1.  School 
Architecture;  5th  ed.,  1854,  N.  York,  pp.  464.  2.  Practical 
Illustrations  of  School  Architecture,  pp.  175.  3.  Normal 
Schools  in  the  United  States,  pp.  215.  4.  Normal  Schools 
in  the  U.  States  and  Europe,  pp.  670.  5.  National  Educa 
tion  in  Europe,  pp.  890.  This  work  should  accompany 
Prof.  A.  D.  Bache's  Education  in  Europe.  6.  Reports  on 
Common  Schools  in  Connecticut  from  1838  to  1842.  7.  Do., 
1850-51-52.  8.  History  of  Education  in  Connecticut  from 
1638  to  1854,  pp.  600.  9.  Report  on  Public  Schools  in 
Rhode  Island,  1845  and  '48.  10.  Documentary  History 
of  Public  Schools  in  Providence,  pp.  96.  11.  Education 
and  Employment  of  Children  in  Factories,  pp.  84.  12. 
Connecticut  Common  School  Journal,  1838—42,  4  vols. 

13.  Rhode  Island  Journal  of  Instruction,  1845-49,  3  vols. 

14.  Discourses  on  Life  and  Character  of  T.  H.  Gallaudet, 
pp.  60.     15.  Tribute  to  Doctor  Gallaudet,  with  History  of 
the  American  Asylum,  pp.  268.     16.  Hints  and  Methods 
for  the  Use  of  Teachers,  pp.  128.      17.  Life  of  Ezekiel 
Cheever,  and  Notes  on  the  Free  Schools  of  New  England. 
18.  American  Journal  of  Education,  1856-57,  4  vols. 

"  Dr.  Barnard,  by  his  writing  on  school-architecture,  has  created 
a  new  department  in  educational  literature." — DR.  VOGEL,  Leipzig. 

"  I  cannot  omit  this  opportunity  of  recommending  the  reports 
which  have  emanated  from  this  source,  as  rich  in  important  sug 
gestions,  and  full  of  the  most  sound  and  practical  views  in  regard 
to  the  whole  subject  of  school-education." — BISHOP  ALONZO  POTTER, 
in  the  School  and  Schoolmaster,  p.  159, 1842. 

"The  several  reports  of  Henry  Barnard,  Esq.,  Secretary  of  the 
Board  of  Education, — the  most  able,  efficient,  and  best-informed 
officer  that  could,  perhaps,  be  engaged  in  the  service, — contain  a 
digest  of  the  fullest  and  most  valuable  importance  that  is  readily 
to  be  obtained  on  the  subject  of  common  schools,  both  in  Europe 
and  the  United  States.  I  can  only  refer  to  these  documents  with 
the  highest  opinion  of  their  merits  and  value." — Kent's  Com 
mentaries,  5th  ed.,  vol.  ii.  196. 

"Mr. Barnard,  in  his  work  on  'National  Education  in  Europe,' 
has  collected  and  arranged  more  valuable  information  and  statistics 
than  can  be  found  in  any  one  volume  in  the  English  language.  It 
groups  under  one  view  the  varied  experience  of  nearly  all  civilized 
countries." —  Westminster  Review,  Jan.  1854. 

Barnard,  James.  The  Divinity  of  Christ  demon 
strated  from  Holy  Scripture,  and  from  the  Doctrine  of  the 
Primitive  Church,  in  a  Series  of  Letters  addressed  to  the 
Rev.  Joseph  Priestley,  in  answer  to  his  Letters  addressed 
to  the  Rev.  Dr.  Geddes,Lon.,1789.  See  HORSLEY,  SAMUEL  ; 
PRIESTLEY,  JOSEPH. 

Barnard,  or  Bernard,  John,  d.  1683,  an  English 
divine,  was  first  of  Cambridge,  but  removed  himself  to 
Oxford.  By  the  visitors  deputed  by  Parliament,  he  was 
in  1648  made  Fellow  of  Lincoln  College.  Afterwards 
marrying  a  daughter  of  Dr.  Peter  Heylyn,  he  became  rec 
tor  of  Waddington  in  Lincolnshire. 

"In  1669  he  took  the  degrees  in  Divinity,  being  then  in  some 
repute  in  his  country  for  his  learning  and  orthodox  principles." 
124 


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Censura  Cleri,  against  scandalous  ministers,  not  fit  to  be 
restored  to  the  Church's  livings,  in  point  of  prudence,  piety, 
and  fame,  Lon.,  1660 ;  in  3  sheets. 

"  His  name  is  not  set  to  this  Pamphlet,  and  he  did  not  care  after 
wards,  when  he  saw  how  the  event  proved,  to  be  known  that  he 
was  the  author." — WOOD. 

Theologo-historicus,  or  the  true  life  of  the  most  reverend 
divine,  and  excellent  historian,  Peter  Heylyn,  D.D.,  Lon  . 
1683. 

"  Published,  as  the  author  pretended,  to  correct  the  errors,  sup. 
ply  the  defects,  and  confute  the  calumnies  of  a  late  writer,  viz  : 
George  Vernon,  who  had  before  published  the  said  doctor's  life." 

To  this  work  is  added,  An  Answer  to  Mr.  Baxter's  false 
accusation  of  Mr.  Heylyn.  He  also  pub.  a  Catechism  for 
the  use  of  his  parish. 

Barnard,  or  Bernard,  John,  Enlarged  Bohun'g 
Geog.  Dictionary,  Lon.,  1693,  fol.  and  wrote  some  politi 
cal  pieces. 

Barnard,  John,  1681-1770,  minister  in  Marblehead, 
was  born  in  Boston,  Massachusetts.  He  was  a  man  of 
great  sagacity  in  temporal  affairs,  and  by  his  judicious 
advice,  greatly  improved  the  commercial  wealth  and  ship 
ping  interest  of  Marblehead.  As  a  minister,  he  was  emi 
nent  for  his  learning  and  piety,  and  zealous  devotion  to 
his  duties.  He  pub.  a  number  of  sermons,  and  other 
theological  treatises,  1717,  '24,  '25,  '27,  '31,  '34,  '38,  '42, 
'46,  '47,  '50,  '52,  '56,  '61,  '62.  A  Proof  of  Jesus  Christ's 
being  the  Messiah  :  the  first  published  Dudleian  Lecture, 
1756 :  A  Version  of  the  Psalms,  about  1751 :  A  Letter  to 
Pres.  Stiles,  pub.  in  the  Massachusetts  Hist.  Collections. 

Barnard,  John,  1690-1758,  minister  in  Andover, 
Massachusetts.  He  pub.  a  discourse  on  the  earthquake  ; 
to  a  society  of  young  men;  on  sinful  mirth,  1728 ;  election 
sermon,  1746. 

Barnard,  Sir  John,  1685-1764,  Lord  Mayor  of  the 
city  of  London,  and  its  representative  in  parliament  for 
nearly  forty  years.  1.  A  Defence  of  Seven  Proposals  for 
raising  of  Three  Millions,  <fcc.,  Lon.,  1716.  2.  Reducing 
the  Interest  on  the  National  Debt,  1749 :  anon.  Another 
treatise  has  been  ascribed  to  Sir  John. 

Barnard,  Jon.    Assize  Sermon,  Ps.  cxxvii.,  1707. 

Barnard,  Jon.     Sermons,  1727.     One  do.,  1742. 

Barnard,  Hon.  Richard  Boyle,  M.P.  Tour 
through  some  parts  of  France,  Switzerland,  Savoy,  Ger 
many,  and  Belgium,  1815. 

Barnard,  S.     Sermon,  Amos  iii.  3,  Hull,  1789. 

Barnard,  Thomas.    Sermons,  &c.,  1710,  '18,  '42. 

Barnard,  Thomas,  1714-1776,  minister  in  Salem, 
Massachusetts,  was  the  son  of  the  preceding.  He  pub. 
sermons,  1743,  '57,  '58,  '62,  '63,  '68. 

Barnard,  Thomas,  1748-1814,  minister  in  Salem, 
Massachusetts,  pub.  sermons,  1786,  (at  the  ordination  of 
A.  Bancroft,)  '89,  '93,  '94,  '95,  '96,  1803,  '06. 

Barnard,  Wm.,  Bp.  of  Derry.  Serm.  Matt.  iii.  9, 1752. 

Barnard,  Wm.     Con.  to  Phil.  Trans.  1773-80. 

Barnard  is  sometimes  written  Bernard,  q.  v. 

Barnardiston,  J.,  Master  of  Corpus  Christi  College. 
Serm.  preached  before  the  House  of  Commons,  Matt.  xxii. 
21,  1766. 

Barnardiston,  Thomas.  Reports  of  Cases  in  the 
High  Court  of  Chancery,  13  and  14  Geo.  II,,  from  April 
25,  1740,  to  May  9, 1741;  folio,  Lon.,  1742.  Respecting 
the  merits  of  these  reports  there  has  been  a  wide  differ 
ence  of  opinion.  Lord  Mansfield,  who  knew  the  reporter, 
and  was  at  the  bar  when  the  reports  were  taken,  consi 
dered  them  as  lacking  authority,  and  went  so  far  as  to  for 
bid  counsel  to  refer  to  them  in  arguing  cases  before  him. 
We  find  the  following  anecdote  in  Marvin's  Legal  Bibl. 

"  Mr.  Preston,  in  an  argument  before  the  Lord  Chancellor,  re 
marked, — '  We  come  now,  my  lord,  to  the  important  case  of  Eliot 
v.  Merryman,  on  which  conveyancers  have  at  all  times  relied  as 
very  material  to  the  law  affecting  the  case  now  before  the  court, 
which  is  in  Barnardiston' s  Reports.'  Lord  Lyndhurst :  '  Barnardis 
ton,  Mr.  Preston!  I  fear  that  is  a  book  of  no  great  authority ;  I 
recollect,  in  my  younger  days,  it  was  said  of  Barnardiston,  that 
he  was  accustomed  to  slumber  over  his  note-book,  and  the  wags 
in  his  rear  took  the  opportunity  of  scribbling  nonsense  into  it.' 
Mr.  Preston :  '  There  are  some  cases  in  Barnardiston,  which  in  my 
experience,  and  having  had  frequent  occasion  to  compare  that  re 
porter's  cases  with  the  same  cases  elsewhere,  I  have  found  to  be 
the  only  sensible  and  intelligible  reports,  and  I  trust  I  shall  show 
your  lordship  that  it  may  be  said  of  Barnardiston,  non  omnibus 
dormio.'  Lord  Manners,  relying  on  a  case  in  these  reports,  says : 
'  Although  Barnardiston  is  not  considered  a  very  correct  reporter, 
yet  some  of  his  cases  are  very  accurately  reported.'  And  Lord 
Eldon,  in  reference  to  the  same  work,  observed, '  I  take  the  liberty 
of  saying,  that  in  that  book  there  are  reports  of  very  great  autho 
rity.'  The  doubts  as  to  the  accuracy  of  the  reporter,  have  led,  in 
several  instances,  to  a  comparison  of  the  volumes  with  the  regis 
ter's  book,  which  proves  that  Barnardiston,  for  the  most  part,  has 
correctly  reported  the  decisions  of  the  Court.  These  reports  have 
a  peculiar  value,  from  the  fact  of  containing  the  decisions  of  the 
great  Lord  Hardwicke;  and  if  the  author  has  occasionally  fallen 


BAR 

Into  slight  errors,  they  are  nether  so  glaring,  or  numerous,  as  to  I 
detract  much  from  their  merits,  or  render  them  unworthy  of  a 
place  in  every  lawyer's  library." 

Reports  of  Cases  in  the  Court  of  King's  Bench,  <fcc.,  from 
1726-31.  2  vols.  folio,  Lon.,  1744.  Frequently  condemned, 
and  yet  often  cited.  The  accuracy  of  some  of  the  reports 
is  proved  by  a  comparison  with  other  reporters. 

«  Not  of  much  authority  in  general."— LORD  KENTON.  See  Wal 
lace's  Reporters;  Marvin's  Legal  Bibl. 

Barnby,  Mrs.    Novels,  1803,  '4,  '8. 

Barne,  Miles.     Sermons,  1670,  '75,  '82,  '83,  '84. 

Barne,  Thos.  Serm.  at  Paul's  Crosse,1591.  Oxf.,1591. 

Barnes,  Major .   Tour  through  St.  Helena,  1817. 

Barnes,  Albert,  b.  1798,  is  a  native  of  Rome,  New 
York.  In  1817  he  entered  Fairfield  Academy,  Connecti 
cut,  where  he  remained  nearly  three  years.  In  1819  he 
entered  the  senior  class  of  Hamilton  College,  and  gradu 
ated  in  July,  1820.  He  had  intended  devoting  himself  to 
the  practice  of  the  law,  but  was  led  by  convictions  of  duty 
to  prepare  for  the  ministry.  He  pursued  his  theological 
studies  at  the  Princeton  Seminary.  He  was  licensed  April 
23,  1823,  at  Lawrence ville,  New  Jersey,  by  the  Presbytery 
of  Elizabethtown.  After  preaching  at  various  places  in 
Connecticut,  Massachusetts,  and  New  Jersey,  he  took 
charge  of  the  First  Presbyterian  Church  in  Morristown, 
New  Jersey.  In  1830  he  received  a  call  from  the  First  Pres 
byterian  Church  in  Philadelphia,  and  was  installed  June  25, 
1830,  and  still  continues  pastor  of  that  congregation,  (1858.) 

The  particulars  of  the  ecclesiastical  experience  of  this 
eminently  useful  and  highly  esteemed  gentleman  it  does 
not  come  within  our  province  to  notice. 

In  this  country  and  in  Great  Britain,  Mr.  Barnes  (for 
he  has  repeatedly  refused  the  title  of  D.D.  from  conscien 
tious  motives)  is  widely  known  for  his  commentaries  on 
the  books  of  the  New  Testament,  (pub.  at  intervals,  in 
eleven  volumes,)  on  Job,  Isaiah,  and  Daniel.  The  notes 
upon  the  New  Testament  have  been  very  extensively  cir 
culated  among  Sunday-school  teachers,  and  others,  and 
form  one  of  the  most  useful  instrumentalities  in  the  Scrip 
tural  education  of  the  young.  With  the  doctrinal  views 
of  the  author  we  have  here  nothing  to  do  :  it  is  however 
but  justice  to  others  to  remark  that  many  of  the  eminent 
gentlemen  whose  favourable  opinions  of  Mr.  Barnes  we 
shall  quote  below,  do  not  coincide  with  his  views  in  seve 
ral  important  points. 

"Mr.  Barnes's  style  is  plain,  simple,  and  direct;  and  though  his 
pages  teem  with  the  materiel  of  deep  scholarship,  yet  he  is,  for  the 
most  part,  eminently  happy  in  making  himself  intelligible  and 
interesting  to  every  class ;  while  the  rich  practical  remarks,  every 
now  and  then  grafted  upon  the  critical  details,  transfuse  the  de 
votional  spirit  of  the  writer  into  the  bosom  of  his  reader." — Amer. 
Biblical  Repository. 

"  We  here  have  a  work  [Notes  on  the  Epistle  to  the  Romans] 
better  calculated,  probably,  than  any  other  single  volume  that 
could  be  named,  to  furnish  a  correct  and  competent  acquaintance 
with  that  important  part  of  Scripture  of  which  it  treats,— and  one 
that  may  be  safely  recommended  to  all  classes,  not  only  on  this 
particular  ground,  but  also  on  its  general  merits  as  a  manual  of 
Christian  doctrines  and  of  Christian  ethics — of  experimental  and 
practical  godliness.  We  should  like  to  see  it  in  the  hands  of  all 
our  young  people." — Congregational  Magazine. 

Of  the  same  work  the  Rev.  James  Hamilton  remarks  : 

"  Judging  from  that  specimen  I  cannot  but  rejoice  in  the  popu 
larity  and  extensive  circulation  of  the  work.  [The  Notes  on  the 
New  Testament.]  The  notes  are  simple,  direct,  and  satisfactory; 
the  production  of  a  mind  clear,  fresh,  and  furnished  with  abun 
dant  learning,  which  is  not  ostentatious  of  itself." 

The  late  very  distinguished  divine,  Rev.  J.  Pye  Smith, 
D.D.,  remarks : 

"Of  Barnes's  Notes  on  the  New  Testament,  I  purchased,  as  they 
arrived,  the  volumes  of  the  New  York  edition." 

"The  Notes  of  Albert  Barnes,  practical  and  explanatory,  on  the 
New  Testament,  possess  great  excellence.  They  give  within  a 
short  compass  the  results  of  extensive  reading  and  of  much 
thought;  and  they  generally  bring  out  the  sense  of  the  text  with 
clearness  and  force."— Rev.  William  Lindesay,  D.D.,  Prof.  Bib.  Criti 
cism,  U.  P.  Synod. 

"  Barnes  has  many  excellencies  as  a  commentator.  His  indus 
try  is  great,  and  he  has  made  a  free  but  not  unfair  use  of  all  avail 
able  sources  of  information.  Possessed  naturally  of  a  clear  and 
vigorous  understanding,  his  opinions  are  uniformly  expressed  in 
a  brief,  perspicuous  manner.  He  has  a  singular  facility  in  draw 
ing  practical  conclusions  from  the  doctrinal  statements  and  his 
torical  incidents  of  the  Scripture.  They  are  distinguished  by  good 
sense  and  piety;  they  are  natural  without  being  obvious;  and 
often  so  striking  and  pointed  as  to  partake  of  the  character  of 
originality."— Rev.  N.  Me  Michael,  Prof.  ofEcdes.  Hist.  U.  P.  Synod. 

"I  have  perused  a  considerable  portion  of  Barnes's  Notes  on  the 
New  Testament,  to  ascertain  their  suitableness  for  the  use  of  Sab 
bath-school  teachers,  and  for  the  instruction  of  the  young  in  fa 
milies.  These  notes  are  neither  very  learned  nor  very  profound ; 
but  they  are  characterized  by  good  sense,  earnest  piety,  and  the 

natural  graces  of  a  style  remarkable  for  its  simplicity  and  ease  " 

Rev.  W.  M.  Hetherington,  LL.D.,  Free.  St.  Paul's.  Edinburgh. 

"  Barnes  is  so  well  known  in  this  country  as  a  commentator  who 
combines  some  of  the  most  important  qualifications  for  the  work 


BAR 

he  has  undertaken,  that  he  needs  no  further  recommendation.  I 
know  no  guide  to  the  understanding  of  the  sacred  oracles  more 
trustworthy.  With  respectable  biblical  scholarship,  there  is  con 
nected  so  much  of  evangelical  sentiment,  and  genuine  spiritu 
ality  of  mind,  that  I  earnestly  wish  the  work  were  in  the  hands 
of  all  persons  who  are  engaged  as  missionaries  or  teachers  of  the 
young." — Rev.  William  Brock,  Bloomsbury,  London. 

"  I  consider  Barnes's  Notes  on  the  New  Testament  to  be  one  of 
the  most  valuable  boons  bestowed  in  these  latter  days  on  the 
Church  of  Christ.  The  perspicuous  and  forcible  manner  in  which 
he  presents  the  sense  of  Scripture,  and  the  decidedly  practical 
bearing  with  which  he  universally  invests  his  expositions,  cannot 
fail  to  recommend  the  work  to  all  persons  of  enlightened  and 
vigorous  piety."— Rev.  E.  Henderson,  D.D.,  London. 

"  Barnes's  Notes  on  the  New  Testament  are  entitled  to  recom 
mendation  for  their  general  simplicity  and  practical  usefulness. 
They  are  of  such  a  description  that  they  may  be  read  with  interest 
and  profit  by  all."— Rev.  Alex.  Hitt,  D.D.,  Prof,  of  Divinity  in  the 
University  of  Glasgow. 

"  There  are  some  peculiar  excellencies  in  Barnes,  and  these  are 
such,  and  so  important,  as  to  give  his  book  special  claims  on  our 
attention  and  gratitude.  The  clearness  and  simplicity  of  his  ex 
position,  his  devotional  spirit,  and  his  practical  remarks,  greatly 
enhance  his  commentary." — Rev.  James  Morgan,  D.D.,  Belfast. 

"  His  style  is  generally  plain  and  perspicuous,  but  where  occa 
sion  offers,  energetic  and  effective."— Rev.  H.  Cooke,  D.D.,  LL.D., 
Belfast.  ' 

"  The  primary  design  of  Barnes's  Commentary  on  the  New  Tes 
tament,  is  to  furnish  Sunday-school  teachers  with  a  plain  and 
simple  explanation  of  the  more  common  difficulties  of  the  book 
which  it  is  their  province  to  teach.  For  this  purpose  it  is  admi 
rably  adapted ;  and  if  it  be  carefully  perused  by  the  interesting 
class  of  benefactors  for  whose  advantage  it  is  immediately  in 
tended,  it  cannot  fail,  under  the  divine  blessing,  greatly  to  ad 
vance  their  efficiency  and  usefulness."— Rev.  David  King,  LL.D., 
United  Presb.  Church,  Glasgow. 

The  above  opinions,  which  are  all  connected  with  com 
mendations  of  Blackie  &  Son's  (Glasgow,  Edin.,  and  Lon.) 
edition,  with  supplementary  notes,  are  the  more  to  be 
prized,  as  each  one  of  the  divines  cited  objects  to  some  of 
Mr.  Barnes's  doctrinal  views.  The  supplementary  notes 
are  intended,  and  by  these  gentlemen  accepted,  as  correct 
ives  to  this  real  or  supposed  want  of  soundness  in  the  faith. 
We  subjoin  an  expression  of  opinion  from  a  very  distin 
guished  authority : 

"  Barnes  is  an  admirable  commentator.  The  ease  and  vigour  of 
his  style ;  the  clear  and  natural  manner  in  which  he  elicits  the 
sense  of  the  text ;  the  point,  variety,  and  impressiveness  of  his 
practical  reflections,  and  the  evangelical  spirit  which  pervades  the 
whole,  combine  to  render  him  deservedly  popular."— Rev.  John 
Harris,  D.D.,  Author  of  Mammon,  <£c. 

"  Mr.  Barnes  has  attained  to  just  celebrity  both  in  America  and 
England,  as  a  sound  and  judicious  expositor  of  Holy  Scripture. 
His  comments  on  Isaiah,  on  the  Gospels,  on  the  Acts  of  the  Apos 
tles,  and  on  the  Epistle  to  the  Romans,  have  all  enhanced  his 
credit  as  <  a  scribe  well  instructed  in  the  mysteries  of  the  king 
dom.'  As  an  interpreter  of  the  word  of  God,  he  is  remarkably  free 
from  vague  hypothesis  and  hazardous  speculation." — Lon.  Ev.  M. 

The  sale  of  the  eleven  vols.  of  Notes  on  the  New  Testa 
ment  is  said  to  have  reached  nearly  400,000  vols.  up  to 
1856.  Inquiry  into  the  Scriptural  Views  of  Slavery,  12mo; 
new  ed.,  1857.  Manual  of  Prayers,  12mo.  Sermons  on 
Revivals,  12mo.  The  Way  of  Salvation,  12mo.  Practical 
Sermons  designed  for  Vacant  Congregations,  12mo.  The 
Church  and  Slavery,  1857, 12mo.  Prayers  adapted  to  Family 
Worship ;  new  ed.,  1858, 12mo.  Miscellaneous  Essays  and 
Reviews,  N.  York,  1855,  2  vols.  12mo.  The  Atonement,  in 
its  Relations  to  Law  and  Moral  Government,  1859,  12mo. 

Barnes,  Barnaby,  b.  about  1569,  was  younger  son 
to  Dr.  Barnes,  Bishop  of  Durham.  He  became  a  student 
of  Brasenose  College  in  1586,  and  left  without  a  degree. 
In  1591,  according  to  Dr.  Bliss,  (Athen.  Oxon.,  edit.  1815,) 
he  accompanied  the  Earl  of  Essex  into  France.  He  re 
lieved  his  military  duties  by  writing  sonnets,  Ac. 

Parthenophil  and  Parthenope.  Sonnettes,  Madrigals, 
Elegies,  and  Odes.  The  Printer's  Address  is  dated  May, 
1593 ;  see  an  account  of  this  volume  in  Beloe's  Anecdotes, 
vol.  ii.  pp.  77-79.  Many  of  the  Sonnettes  are  inscribed  to 
Henry,  Earl  of  Southampton ;  the  most  vertuous,  learned, 
and  bewtifull  Ladie  Marie,  Countesse  of  Pembrooke;  to 
the  right  vertuous  and  most  bewtifull,  the  Lady  Strangue. 
The  Lady  Brigett  Manners,  Ac.  Neither  Wood  nor  Watt 
seem  to  have  known  any  thing  of  this  book.  A  copy  in 
the  Bib.  Anglo-Poet,  is  priced  £30.  The  opening  sonnet 
is  in  a  very  pious  strain  : 

"  Thy  wounds,  my  Cure,  deare  Sauiour!  I  desire 
To  pearce  my  thoughts!  thy  fierie  Cherubinne, 
(By  kindling  my  desires,)  true  zeale  t'  infuse, 
Thy  loue  my  theame,  and  Holy  Ghost  my  muse." 

The  Sonnettes  are  100  in  nnmber,  and  are  succeeded  by 
a  Hymne  to  the  glorious  honovr  of  the  most  blessed  and 
indivisible  Trinitie.  A  Divine  Centvrie  of  Spiritual  Son 
nets,  Lon.,  1595 ;  reprinted  in  the  second  vol.  of  the  Heli- 
conia.  Dedicated  to  Dr.  Tobie  Mathew. 

Foure  Bookes  of  Offices,  enabling  privat  Persons  for  the 
speciall  Service  of  all  good  Princes  and  Policies,  Lon., 

125 


BAR 


BAR 


1606,  folio,  dedicated  to  King  James.  See  Restituta,  vol. 
iv.  p.  127-135. 

Devil's  Charter,  a  Tragaedie;  conteining  the  Life  and 
Death  of  Pope  Alexander  the  Sixt,  Lon.,  1607,  4to.  Barnes 
in  1598  wrote  a  Sonnet,  prefixed  to  Florio's  World  of 
Words;  in  1606  he  presented  another,  printed  as  a  pre 
face  to  Fame's  Memorial  to  Ford,  and  in  the  same  year 
translated  Cicero's  Offices.  See  Ellis's  Specimens  for  seve 
ral  of  Barnes's  Sonnets,  which  "at  least  have  the  merit  of 
combining  an  arbitrary  recurrence  of  rhyme  with  the  dig 
nified  freedom  of  blank  verse."  We  have  an  amusing  spe 
cimen  cf  humility  in  his  dedication  of  his  Offices  to  King 
James  :  he  presents  his  work  "  under  a  speciall  pardon  for 
his  boldness  in  daring  to  do  it  as  a  poore  unlearned  schol- 
ler,  which  offereth  his  ignorance  in  some  rude  exercise 
unto  his  learned  schoole-master." 

"  So  little  however  is  his  work  to  be  regarded  as  proceeding  from 
the  head  or  hand  of  an  unlearned  scholar,  that  it  consists  chiefly 
of  citations  from  the  writings  of  the  ancient  historians,  philoso 
phers,  and  poets,  who  penned  their  productions  in  the  Greek  and 
Latin  languages." — Restitida:  See  ante. 

Barnes,  Daniel  H.,  d.  1818,  a  Baptist  preacher, 
and  an  eminent  conchologist  of  New  York,  originated  and 
conducted,  in  conjunction  with  Dr.  Griscom,  the  high 
school  of  New  York ;  he  was  also  an  active  member  of  the 
Lyceum  of  natural  history  in  that  city.  He  presided  over 
several  seminaries,  and  refused  the  presidency  of  the  col 
lege  at  Washington  City.  He  contributed  several  valuable 
papers,  illustrated  by  explanatory  plates  on  Conchology, 
to  Silliman's  Journal,  viz.,  Geological  Section  of  the  Ca 
naan  Mountain,  v.  8-21 ;  Memoir  on  the  genera  unio  and 
alasmodonta,  with  numerous  figures,  vi.  107-127,  258-280; 
Five  species  of  chiton,  with  figures,  vii.  69-72 ;  Memoir  on 
batrachian  animals,  and  doubtful  reptiles,  xi.  269-297, 
xiii.  66-70.  On  magnetic  polarity,  xiii.  70-73 ;  Reclama 
tion  of  Unios,  xiii.  358-364.  (Sill.  Jour.  xv.  401 ;  Allen's 
Amer.  Biog.  Diet.) 

Barnes,  David,  D.D.,  1731-1811,  minister  of  Scitu- 
ate,  Massachusetts,  pub.  Sermons,  1756,  '95,  1800,  '01,  '02, 
and  1803.  A  volume  of  his  sermons,  with  a  biographical 
sketch,  has  been  published. 

Barnes,  E.  W.,  a  native  of  Portsmouth,  New  Hamp 
shire,  has  pub.  a  number  of  compositions  in  poetry  and 
prose  in  Annuals  and  Magazines. 

Barnes,  George.  Cicero,  or  the  Complete  Orator, 
in  3  Books  or  Dialogues,  &c.  Trans,  into  English,  1762. 

Barnes,  Henry.  Legal  Treatises,  Ac.  Notes  of 
Cases  in  point  of  Practice,  taken  in  the  Court  of  Common 
Pleas,  1732-60.  Best  ed.  2  vols.,  Lon.,  1815. 

"  The  cases  in  this  volume  are  very  briefly  reported,  and  are  not 
always  to  be  relied  on.  Indeed,  it  could  hardly  be  expected,  in  a 
volume  containing  more  than  2500  cases,  upon  points  of  practice 
decided  by  various  judges,  whose  opinions  were  not  always  coinci 
dent,  that  there  would  be  uniformity  and  agreement  throughout." 
— Jfamn's  Legal  Bibl. 

We  extract  some  opinions  from  Wallace's  Reporters, 
which,  with  the  volume  cited  above,  should  be  in  the  library 
of  every  lawyer  and  man  of  general  reading.  Both  of 
these  excellent  manuals  have  become  very  scarce,  and 
should  be  reprinted. 

"  Barnes  has  in  general  reported  the  practice  of  the  court  with 
accuracy."— SIR  FRANCIS  BULLER. 

"  Many  cases  reported  in  Barnes  are  not  law."— MR.  JUSTICE 
HEATH. 

"  When  a  '  rule  absolute'  was  claimed  from  Chief  Justice  Abbot, 
and  Barnes  was  instanced  as  authority,  the  chief  justice  replied, 
'  You  may  find  rules  absolute  in  Barnes  for  any  thing.' " 

"  Barnes  is  an  authority  of  little  weight.  ...  His  cases  are  so 
contradictory  that  they  destroy  each  other." — WILLIAMS,  of  the  Jf. 
York  Bar. 

"  The  cases  cited  from  Barnes  are  good  as  historical  evidence  to 
prove  the  point  of  practice  in  issue."— CHANCELLOR  KENT. 

"Barnes  is  good  authority,  I  believe,  for  points  of  practice,  though 
for  little  beside."— CHIEF  JUSTICE  GIBSON  of  Penn. 

Barnes,  J.    Educational  works,  1811-12. 

Barnes,  John,  an  English  Roman  Catholic,  of-a  Lan 
cashire  family,  studied  for  some  time  at  Oxford, 

"  But  being  always  in  animo  ChViolicus,  he  left  it,  and  his  coun 
try,  and  going  into  Spain,  was  instructed  in  Philosophy  and  Di 
vinity  by  the  femous  Doctor  J.  Alp.  Curiel,  who  was  wont  to  call 
Barnes  by  the  name  of  John  Huss,  because  of  a  spirit  of  contra 
diction  which  was  always  observed  in  him."— WOOD. 

In  1625,  at  which  period  he  was  one  of  the  confessors 
of  the  Abbey  of  Chelles,  he  pub.  a  work  against  mental 
reservation,  entitled  Dissertatio  contra  equivocationes. 
Paris ;  a  French  trans,  was  pub.  at  the  same  time.  Theo- 

?hilus  Raynaud  attempted  to  answer  this  book  in  1627. 
n  the  same  year,  Barnes  wrote  Catholico-Romanus  Paci- 
ficus :  an  edition  was  pub.  at  Oxford  in  1680 ;  part  of  it 
had  been  before  made  use  of  by  Dr.  Basire  in  his  Ancient 
Liberty  of  the  Britannic  Church.     He  also  wrote  an  an- 
flwer  to  Clement  Reyner's  Apostolatus  Benedictinorum  in 
126 


Anglia.  Wood  tells  us  that  "  This  learned  person  being  a 
very  moderate  man  in  his  opinion,  and  deeply  sensible'by 
his  great  reading  and  observation  of  several  corruptions 
of  the  Romish  Church  and  Doctrine,  which  partly  were 
expressed  in  his  Discourse,  but  mostly  in  a  book  which  he 
wrote,  called  Catholico-Romanus  Pacifieus,"  <fcc.  Barnes 
was  seized  in  Paris,  "  was  carried  out  from  the  midst  of 
that  city  by  force,  was  divested  of  his  habit,  and  like  a 
four-footed  brute,  was  in  a  barbarous  manner  tied  to  a 
horse,  and  violently  hurried  away  into  Flanders."  He 
escaped  from  prison  at  Mechlin,  but  was  retaken  and  thrown 
into  a  prison  of  the  Inquisition,  where  he  died  after  thirty 
years'  confinement.  Wood  repels  with  scorn  the  story  of 
Barnes's  insanity  whilst  in  prison  : 

"  Certain  fierce  people  at  Rome,  being  not  contented  with  his 
Death,  have  endeavoured  to  extinguish  his  Fame,  boldly  publish 
ing  that  he  died  distracted." 

Barnes,  John*  An  Essay  on  Fate,  and  other  Poems. 
Published  at  the  age  of  14,  1807. 

Barnes,  John.    A  Tour  through  France,  1816. 

Barnes,  Joseph.     The  Praise  of  Marie,  Oxford. 

Barnes,  Joshua,  1654-1712,  a  learned  divine,  and 
professor  of  Greek  at  Cambridge,  was  a  native  of  London. 
He  was  educated  at  Christ's  Hospital,  where  his  early  pro 
ficiency  in  Greek  was  the  subject  of  remark.  In  1671  he 
was  admitted  a  servitor  in  Emanuel  College,  Cambridge, 
was  elected  fellow  in  1678,  and  in  1686  took  the  degree  of 
B.D.  In  1695  he  was  chosen  Greek  professor  of  the  Uni 
versity  of  Cambridge.  In  his  loth  year  he  pub.  a  collec 
tion  of  English  poems,  and  was  interested  at  an  early  age 
in  several  other  works.  He  gave  to  the  world  in  1675, 
Geramia,  or  a  New  Discovery  of  a  little  sort  of  People, 
called  Pigmies.  In  the  next  year  appeared  his  poetical 
paraphrase  of  the  History  of  Esther,  which  had  been  for 
a  long  time  in  preparation.  Select  Discourses  appeared  in 
1680.  In  1688  was  pub.  The  History  of  that  most  victo 
rious  monarch,  Edward  III.  The  author  has  imitated 
Thucydides  in  putting  long  speeches  into  the  mouths  of 
his  characters.  Nicolson  remarks : 

"  Above  all,  Mr.  Joshua  Barnes  has  diligently  collected  whatever 
was  to  be  had,  far  and  near,  upon  the  several  passages  of  this  great 
King's  reign.  His  quotations  are  many ;  and  generally,  his  authors 
are  as  well  chosen  as  such  a  multitude  can  be  supposed  to  have 
been.  His  inferences  are  not  always  becoming  a  statesman ;  and 
sometimes  his  digressions  are  tedious.  His  deriving  of  the  famous 
institution  of  the  Garter  from  the  Phoenicians,  is  extremely  oblig 
ing  to  good  Mr.  Sammes;  but  came  too  late,  it  seems,  to  Mr.  Ash- 
mole's  knowledge,  or  otherwise  would  have  bid  fair  for  a  choice  post 
of  honour  in  his  elaborate  book.  In  short,  this  industrious  author 
seems  to  have  driven  his  work  too  last  to  the  press,  before  he  had 
provided  an  index,  and  some  other  accoutrements,  which  might 
have  rendered  it  more  serviceable  to  his  readers."— English  Histo 
rical  Library. 

The  want  of  an  index !  How  often  have  we  groaned 
over  indexless  books  !  How  often  have  we  been  obliged  to 
do  for  ourselves  what  the  witless  author  would  not  do  for 
us — and  make  an  index  to  his  book !  His  edition  of  Euri 
pides,  dedicated  to  Charles,  Duke  of  Somerset,  was  pub.  in 
1694.  In  1705  appeared  his  Anacreon,  dedicated  to  the 
Duke  of  Marlborough;  and  in  1701  he  pub.  an  edition  of 
Homer :  the  Iliad  dedicated  to  the  Earl  of  Pembroke,  and 
the  Odyssey  to  the  Earl  of  Nottingham.  He  wrote  many 
other  treatises,  a  list  of  which,  including  those  which  he 
had  published,  and  those  which  he  contemplated  giving  to 
the  world,  will  be  found  prefixed  to  the  edition  of  his  Ana 
creon,  pub.  in  1705.  ,  We  here  find  enumerated  no  less  than 
43  works  !  His  facility  in  writing  and  speaking  Greek  was 
remarkable.  He  tells  us  in  the  parody  of  Homer,  prefixed 
to  his  poem  on  Esther,  that  he  could  compose  sixty  Greek 
verses  in  an  hour.  He  also  avows  in  the  preface  to  Esther 
that  he  found  it  much  easier  to  write  his  annotations  in 
Greek  than  in  Latin,  or  even  in  English,  "since  the  orna 
ments  of  poetry  are  almost  peculiar  to  the  Greeks,  and 
since  he  had  for  many  years  been  extremely  conversant  in 
Homer,  the  great  father  and  source  of  the  Greek  poetry." 
He  could  off-hand  turn  a  paragraph  in  a  newspaper,  or  :i 
hawker's  bill,  into  any  kind  of  Greek  metre,  and  has  been 
often  known  to  do  so  among  his  Cambridge  friends.  Dr. 
Bentley  used  to  say  of  Barnes  that  he  "understood  as 
much  Greek  as  a  Greek  cobbler :"  meaning  doubtless  by 
this  that  he  had  rather  the  "  colloquial  readiness  of  a  vulgar 
mechanic,"  than  the  erudition,  taste,  and  judgment  of  a 
scholar.  The  inscription  suggested  for  his  monument — 
first  used  by  Menage  in  his  satire  upon  Pierre  Montmaur— 
we  think  too  profane  for  repetition.  The  Greek  Anacreon- 
tiques  written  for  his  monument  have  been  thus  translated 
"  Kind  Barnes,  adorn'd  by  every  Muse, 

Each  Greek  in  his  own  art  out-does : 

No  Orator  was  ever  greater; 

No  poet  ever  chanted  sweeter. 


BAR 

H'  excellei  in  Grammar  Mystery, 
And  the  Black  Prince  of  History : 
And  a  Divine  the  most  profound 
That  ever  trod  on  English  ground." 

See  the  Biog.  Brit,  where  find,  also,  this  note : 

"  Mr.  Barnes  read  a  small  English  Bible,  that  he  usually  carried 
about  with  him,  one  hundred  and  twenty-one  times  over,  at  leisure 
hours." 

All  this  is  upon  his  monument 
Barnes,  Juliana.     See  BERNERS. 
Barnes,  Philip  Edward,  B.A.,  b.  1815,  Norwich, 
England.     Electoral  Law  of  Belgium,  1851.     Translator 
of  D'  Aubigne"s  History  of  the  Reformation  in  France,  1853. 

Barnes,  Ralph.    Assize  Sermon,  1759. 

Barnes,  Ralph.  1.  Office  of  Sheriff,  1816.  2.  Rela 
tive  to  Modus  for  Tythes,  1818.  3.  Voting  at  County 
Elections,  1818. 

Barnes,  Robert,  a  reformer  and  martyr  in  the  reign 
of  Henry  VIIL,  came  to  the  stake  in  consequence  of  ad 
vocating  Luther's  doctrines,  in  answer  to  a  sermon  of 
Bishop  Gardiner.  He  wrote  Supplicacion  vnto  Pry  nee  H. 
the  VIII.  The  Cause  of  my  Condempnation.  The  hole 
Disputacion  between  the  Byshops  and  Doctour  Barnes, 
London,  by  me,  Johan  Byddell,  1534, 4to.  Again,  by  Hugh 
Syngelton  sine  anno.  Articles  of  his  Faith,  pub.  in  Latin 
and  in  Dutch.  Vitae  Romanorum  Pontificum,  <tc.  The 
list  extends  from  St.  Peter  to  Alexander  II.,  pub.  with  a 
preface  by  Luther  at  Wirtemberg,  1536 ;  afterwards  at 
Leyden,  1615,  together  with  Bale's  Lives  of  the  Popes. 
Luther  pub.  an  account  of  the  martyrdom  of  this  holy  man 
Works  collected  by  John  Fox,  Lon.,  1573  :  this  edition  in 
cludes  the  works  of  W.  Tyndall  and  John  Frith. 

Barnes,  Root.,  of  Mag.  Coll.  Visit  Ser.,  Oxf.,  1626. 

Barnes,  Robert,  M.D.,  b.  1816,  Norwich,  England. 
Pamphlets  andMemoirs  on  Obstetrics,Hygiene,<fcc.,1850,'58. 

Barnes,  Root.,  of  Mag.  Coll.  Vist  Ser.,  Oxf.,  1626. 

Barnes,  S.    Con.  to  Med.  Chir.  Trans.,  1818. 

Barnes,  Susan  Rebecca,  an  American  poetess,  is 
a  daughter  of  Mr.  Richard  H.  Ayer  of  the  city  of  Man 
chester,  in  New  Hampshire. 

"Her  poems  are  marked  by  many  felicities  of  expression;  and 
they  frequently  combine  a  masculine  vigour  of  style,  with  tender 
ness  and  a  passionate  earnestness  of  feeling." — Griswold's  Female 
l\)etx  of  America,  where  see  specimens :  Imalee,  &c. 

"  Her  poems  have  been  favourably  received,  and  show  greater 
strength  and  vigour  than  those  that  are  written  by  the  generality 
of  her  sex." — Woman's  Record. 

Barnes,  Thomas,  a  Puritan  divine  of  the  17th  cen 
tury,  is  mentioned  by  Cole  as  one  of  the  authors  of  the 
University  of  Cambridge.  Among  his  productions  is  The 
Wise  Man's  Forecast  against  the  Evil  Time,  Lon.,  1624; 
reprinted  in  the  Harleian  Miscellany. 

Barnes,  Thomas.  A  Discourse  on  Exod.  xxxiii.  14, 
Lon.,  1702. 

Barnes,  Thomas.     Of  Propagat  Shrubs,  Lon.,  1758. 

Barnes,  Thomas,  1747-1810,  a  Presbyterian  minis 
ter,  had,  for  thirty  years,  charge  of  a  congregation  in  Man 
chester,  England.  He  pub.  in  1786  A  Discourse  upon  the 
commencement  of  the  Academy :  an  institution  at  Man 
chester,  over  which  he  presided  from  1786  to  1798.  He 
contributed  some  papers  to  the  Trans.  Manchester  Society, 
and  to  other  periodicals. 

A  Funeral  Sermon  on  the  Death  of  the  Rev.  Thomas 
Threlked  of  Rochdale,  April  13,  1806. 

This  Mr.  Threlked  possessed  a  most  remarkable  memory : 
He  was  a  perfect  Living  Concordance  to  the  Scriptures.  You 
could  not  mention  three  words,  except  perhaps  those  words  of  mere 
connection  which  occur  in  hundreds  of  passages,  to  which  he  could 
not  immediately,  without  hesitation,  assisnlhe  Chapter  and  Verse 
where  they  were  to  be  found.  And  inversely,  upon  mentioning 
the  Chapter  and  Verse,  he  could  repeat  the  Words.  It  was,  as  might 
be  expected,  a  favourite  amusement  of  his  fellow  students  to  trv 
his  powers,  and  they  were  never  known  to  feil  him  in  a  single  in 
stance.  This  Faculty  continued  with  him  unimpaired,  to  the  day 
ol  his  death.  For,  astonishing  as  the  assertion  may  appear,  it  is 
believed  by  all  his  friends  to  be  literally  true,  that  he  never  through 
us  whole  life  forgot  one  single  number,  or  date  combined  with  any 
name  or  fact,  when  they  had  been  once  joined  together,  and  laid 
up  m  his  Memory.  When  once  there,  they  were  engraved  as  upon 

Thomas  Barnes  has  been  well  called 

"  A  man  of  uncommon  activity  and  diligence  with  his  pen,  and 
is  said  to  have  written  many  hundred  sermons  which  he  never 
preached :  a  fact  very  extraordinary  if  we  consider  the  number  he 
must  have  been  obliged  to  preach  in  the  course  of  forty-two  years." 

Barnes,  William.    Epigrams,  Lon.,  1803. 

Barnes,  William  Geo.  Sermons  and  Discourses, 
Lon.,  1752. 

"The  subjects  of  these  discourses  are  chiefly  practical;  and  tho' 
there  is  nothing  very  striking  or  animated  in  them,  yet  they  are 
worthy  the  perusal  of  all  serious  and  well  disposed  persons  "— 
7xw.  Monthly  Review. 

Barnet.     God's  Lift-up  Hand  for  Lancashire,  1648. 


BAR 

Barnet,  A.     Funeral  Sermon,  Ps.  ii.  3,  4,  1794. 

Barnett,  Richard.  Odes,  1761.  Lat  &  Eng.  Poems, 
1809. 

Barnewall,  R.  V.  Reports  of  Cases  in  King's  Bench, 
with  E.  H.  Alderson,  1817-1822,  pub.  in  5  vols.,  Lon.) 
1818-1822.  (A  continuation  of  Maule  and  Selwyn's  Re 
ports.)  With  C.  Cresswell,  1822-1830,  pub.  in  10  vols., 
Lon.,  1830-1835;  with  J.  L.  Adolphus,  1830  to  H.  T. 
4  Wm.  IV.,  pub.  in  5  vols.,  Lon.,  1831-1835.  Continued  by 
Adolphus  and  Ellis,  1835-1856. 

Barnfield,  Baruefield,  or  Barnefielde,  Rich 
ard,  b.  1574,  was  entered  at  Brasenose  College,  Oxford, 
in  1589.  He  wrote  The  Affectionate  Shepherd,  pub.  1594, 
12mo;  Cynthia,  1595,  12mo.  The  author  bespeaks  the 
patience  of  the  reader  for  his  rude  conceit  of  Cynthia : 

"  If  for  no  other  cause,  yet  for  that  it  is  the  first  imitation  of  the 
verse  of  that  excellent  poet,  Maister  Spencer,  in  his  Fayrie  Queene." 

In  1589  he  pub.  The  Encomium  of  Lady  Pecunia,  or 
the  Praise  of  Money.  The  Complaint  of  Poetrie  for  the 
Death  of  Liberalitie.  The  Combat  between  Conscience 
and  Covetousnesse  in  the  Minde  of  Men ;  and  poems  in 
j  divers  humours.  A  second  edit,  of  this  work,  considera 
bly  altered,  appeared  in  1605.  Greene's  Funerals  was 
erroneously  attributed  to  Barnfield,  but  the  ode,  As  it  fell 
upon  a  Day — which  was  printed  in  England's  Helicon, 
1600,  signed  lynoto,  and  had  the  year  before  been  given 
as  Shakspeare's,  in  the  Passionate  Pilgrim, — really  be 
longs  to  our  author.  Come  live  with  me,  and  be  my  love, 
is  another  well-known  poem  of  our  author's.  See  Rose's 
Biog.  Diet:  Ellis's  Specimens;  Ritson's  Bib.  Poet ;  War- 
ton's  Hist,  of  Eng.  Poetry.  It  is  interesting  to  us  to  read 
the  opinions  of  any  of  Shakspeare's  contemporaries  upon 
the  great  bard ;  therefore  we  shall  quote  a  few  lines  of 
Barnfield's,  written  in  1598,  eighteen  years  before  Shaks 
peare's  death  : 

"  And  Shakspeare,  thou,  whose  honey-flowing  vein, 
(Pleasing  the  world)  thypraises  doth  contain; 
Whose  Venus  and  whose  Lucrece,  sweet  and  chaste, 
Thy  name  in  fame's  immortal  book  hath  plac'd, 
Live  ever  you,  at  least  in  fame  live  ever! 
Well  may  the  body  die,  but  fame  die  never." 

A  copy  of  the  Affectionate  Shepherd  sold  in  Reed's  sale 
for  £16  10«.  Beloe  notices  a  copy  in  Sion  College  Library. 
In  1816  James  Boswell  presented  to  the  Members  of  the 
Roxburghe  Club  a  reprint  (34  copies,  4to)  of  Poems  by 
Richard  Barnfield,  including  Remarks  by  the  late  Ed 
mund  Malone.  One  of  these  copies  was  disposed  of  at 
Bindley's  sale  for  £6  16s.  Qd.  Boswell's  sale,  £4  6s. 

Barnham,  Sir  Francis,  a  scholar  and  writer  temp. 
James  L,  one  of  the  84  who  were  to  compose  an  Academy 
Royal  connected  with  the  Order  of  the  Garter.  His  His 
tory  of  his  family  has  never  been  published. 

Barnham,  T.  C.  A  Series  of  Questions  on  the  most 
important  Points  connected  with  a  legal  Education,  de 
signed  for  the  Use  of  Students  preparing  for  Examina 
tion,  previously  to  their  Admission  in  the  Courts  of  Law 
and  Equity,  4th  ed.  By  E.  Ings,  12mo,  Lon.,  1840. 

Barnum,  Phineas  T.,  born  July  5th,  1810,  in  Be 
thel,  Conn.  Autobiography,  N.  Y.,  1854.  Writer  and 
Lecturer  on  Agriculture  and  Temperance.  Has  an 
nounced  A  History  of  Humbugs  from  the  Earliest  Ages 
to  the  Present  Day. 

•  Baro,  or  Baron,  Peter,  d.  about  1600,  was  born  at 
Etampes,  in  France,  but  resided  the  principal  part  of  his 
life  in  England,  where  he  pub.  a  number  of  works.  For 
this  reason  we  have  given  him  a  place  in  our  volume.  Ho 
left  his  native  country  to  avoid  persecution,  being  a  Pro 
testant,  and  was  received  into  the  family  of  Lord  Trea 
surer  Burleigh.  Upon  the  invitation  of  Dr.  Pierce  he 
settled  at  Cambridge,  and  there  entered  himself  a  student 
of  Trinity  College.  In  1575  he  was  appointed  successor 
to  Dr.  John  Still  as  Margaret  professor  of  divinity.  His 
doctrine  did  not  give  satisfaction  to  some  of  his  hearers, 
and  he  was  involved  in  a  number  of  controversies.  Some 
went  so  far  as  to  think  that  he  was  acting  a  traitor's  part 
at  Cambridge;  designing  to  seduce  those  under  his  in 
fluence  to  the  Roman  Catholic  Church. 

"  For  so  it  was,  and  they  could  not  be  beaten  out  of  it,  that  they 
thought,  that  as  a  certain  Spaniard  named  Ant.  Corranus  was 
brought  to,  and  settled  in,  Oxon.,  purposely  to  corrupt  the  true 
doctrine;  so  Peter  Baro,  a  Frenchman  was  for  Cambridge."— WOOD. 

Baro  retained  his  chair  until  1595,  when  he  resigned,  or 
as  Wood  says,  was  removed,  "  not  without  the  consent  of 
Dr.  Whitgift,  Archbishop  of  Canterbury."  He  removed 
to  London, where  he  died  about  1600.  1.  In  Jonam  Pro- 
phetam  Praelectiones  XXXIX.  2.  Conciones  tres  ad  Cle- 
rum  Cantabrigiensem,  Ac.  3.  Theses  Publicse  in  scholis 
perorartae  et  disputatae.  4.  Precationes  quibus  Usus  est 
Author  in  suis  Prsclectionibus  inchoandis  et  finiendis.  The 

127 


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three  first-named  were  trans,  into  English  by  John  Lud- 
ham.  The  whole  were  pub.  in  one  vol.,  Lon.,  1579,  folio, 
by  the  care  of  Osmond  Lake.  Baro  wrote  several  other 
works,  which  were  pub.  in  1580,  1613,  et  sine  anno. 

Baro,  Baron,  or  Bonaventura,  b.  about  1600,  d. 
1696,  was  a  Fitz-Gerald  of  Burnchurch  in  the  county  of 
Kilkenny.  He  was  born  at  Clonmell  in  Ireland,  and  was 
a  nephew  of  the  celebrated  Luke  Wadding,  a  Franciscan 
friar,  eminent  for  his  theological  works.  Baro  entered  the 
Order  of  St.  Francis,  and  resided  almost  entirely  at  Home. 

He  was  attached  to  the  college  of  St.  Isidore,  a  society 
of  the  Order  of  St.  Francis,  founded  by  Wadding,  for  the 
education  of  Irish  students  in  the  liberal  arts,  divinity, 
and  controversy,  to  serve  as  a  seminary  out  of  which  the 
mission  into  England,  Scotland,  and  Ireland  might  be 
supplied.  Baron  was  celebrated  for  the  purity  of  his 
Latin  style.  His  Opuscula  varia  were  pub.  in  1666.  This 
contains  his  Metra  Miscellanea,  pub.  1645 ;  Orations,  1645; 
Prolusiones  Philosophies,  1651 ;  Scotus  Defensus,  1662 ; 
and  all  his  separate  works  pub.  ante  1666.  Theologia  was 
pub.  at  Paris  in  1676,  in  6  vols.  Vol.  1st  of  The  Annales 
Ordinis  SS.  Trinitatis  Redemptionis  Captivorum,  which 
begins  with  the  year  1198  and  is  carried  down  to  1297, 
was  pub.  at  Rome  in  1686. 

Baron,  John.  Sermons  pub.  at  Oxf.,  1699,  1703. 
Baron,  Peter.  Sermons,  Acts  xx.  23,  24,  8vo,  1742. 
Baron,  Richard,  d.  1768,  a  dissenting  minister,  but 
more  noted  as  an  ardent  advocate  for  the  cause  of  civil 
and  religious  liberty,  pub.  what  may  perhaps  be  called 
Thomas  Gordon's  Collection  of  Curious  Tracts.  1.  A  Cor 
dial  for  Low  Spirits.  2.  The  Pillars  of  Priestcraft  and 
Orthodoxy  shaken;  enlarged  to  4  vols.,  Lon.,  1768.  3.  Im 
pression  revised  and  improved  with  many  additional  Ar 
ticles,  Lon.,  1763,  12mo,  in  3  vols.  Baron  edited  a  num 
ber  of  works  reprinted  by  Thomas  Hollis,  among  which 
were  the  Iconoclastes  of  Milton,  and  a  complete  edition  of 
the  works  of  this  great  poet. 

Baron,  Robert,  b.  about  1630,  was  a  student  at  Cam 
bridge.  He  pub.  in  1647  The  Cyprian  Academy,  Poculia 
Castalia,  &c.,  Lon.,  1650.  He  was  also  the  author  of 
Mirza,  a  Tragedy ;  Gripus  et  Hegio ;  and  Deorum  Dona. 
See  Winstanley,  Philips,  and  Biog.  Dramat.,  for  other  pieces 
ascribed  to  Baron  :  some  of  which  are  evidently  not  his. 

"  The  author  seems  [in  Mirza]  to  have  propos'd  for  his  pattern 
the  famous  Catiline,  writ  by  Ben.  Jonson,  and  has  in  several 
places  not  only  hit  the  model  of  his  Scenes :  but  even  imitated  the 
Language  tolerably,  for  a  young  -writer."  See  Langbaine's  Dra- 
matick  Poets :  this  author  quotes  an  Anagram  on  Baron  by  his 
friend,  John  Quarles : 

„  .        f  Robertus  Baronus        1  __0_, 
Anar  1  Rarus  Ab  Orbe  Notus  f  gram' 

Rarus,  hand  cuiquam  peperit  Natura  Secundum  Notus  es  et  scrip- 
tis  (Baron)  ab  orbe  tuis." 

Baron,  Robert,  professor  of  divinity  in  Marischal 
College,  Aberdeen,  was  the  author  of  Metaphysica  Gene- 
ralis,  Lugd.  Bat.,  1657,  which  was  in  great  favour  with 
eminent  scholars  on  the  continent.  He  pub.  several  theo 
logical  works,  1621-27,  and  '31.  He  was  elected  to  the  see 
of  Orkney,  but  was  never  consecrated,  being  driven  by 
persecution  from  Scotland.  He  died  at  Berwick. 

Baron,  Samuel.  Description  of  the  Kingdom  of 
Ton  queen  :  see  Churchill's  Voyages,  vol.  vi.,  p.  117. 

Baron,  Stephen.  Sermones,  etc.,  Lon.,  per  De 
Worde. 

Baron,  William.    Assize  Sermon,  1683,  4to. 

Barr.  Con.  to  Phil.  Trans.  1778. 

Barr,  John.  Thanksg.  Serm.  after  Rebellion,  1746, 8vo. 

Barr,  John.  The  Scripture  Student's  Assistant. 
Glasg.,  1829. 

Barr,  Robt.  M.    Penna.  State  Rep.,  1845-56,  Phil. 

Barrand.  Con.  to  Me.  Jour.,  1808. 

Barrand,  Philip.  New  book  of  Single  Cyphers, 
Lon.,  1782. 

Barrell,  Miss.  Riches  and  Poverty,  1808 ;  The  Test 
of  Virtue,  and  other  Poems,  1811. 

Barrell,  And.    Fens  in  Norfolk,  Suffolk,  Ac.,  1642. 

Barrell,  Edmund.  Con.  to  Phil.  Trans.,  1717-27. 

Barret.     Recantation  of  Certain  Errors,  Lon.,  1628. 

Barret,  or  Barrett,  B.  Analysis  of  the  Nature  of 
Sublimity,  &c.,  1812 ;  Life  of  Card.  Ximenes,  Lon.,  1813. 

Barret,  John.     Sermons,  Ac.,  1698-99. 

Barret,  John.    Funeral  Sermon,  1777. 

Barret,  John.     See  BARET,  JOHN. 

Barret,  Onsow.    Treatise  on  the  Gout,  1785. 

Barret,  Phineas.    European  Exchanges,  Lon.,  1722. 

Barret,  Robert.    Theorike  and  Pracktike  of  Mo- 
derne  Warres,  Discoursed  in  Dialogue  Wise,  Lon.,  1598, 
folio.     George  Chalmers  is  of  the  opinion  that  Shakspeare 
refers  to  this  work  in  his  "  All's  Well  that  Ends  Well." 
128 


Barret,  Robert.  The  Tarrier,  Lon.,  1660;  Compa 
nion,  Ac.,  1699. 

Barret,  or  Barrett,  Stephen,  1718-1801,  a  cla# 
sical  teacher  and  poet,  wrote  War,  a  Satire;  and  trans. 
Ovid's  Epistles  into  English  Verse,  (1759;)  the  latter  work 
is  thought  inferior  to  the  former. 

Barrett,  Bryan.     The  Code  Napoleon,  Ac.,  1812. 

Barrett,  Eaton  Staunard,  author  of  several  poems, 
novels,  and  humorous  effusions,  the  best  known  of  which 
is  The  Heroine,  or  Adventures  of  Cherubina,  a  novel  in 
3  vols.,  Lon.,  1813. 

"  The  idea  of  this  work  is  not  new,  since  the  pernicious  effects 
of  indiscriminate  novel-reading  have  been  already  displayed  by 
Mrs.  Lenox  in  The  Female  Quixote,  and  by  Miss  Charlton  in  the 
pleasing  story  of  Rosella ;  but  the  present  tale  is  more  extravagant 
than  either  of  those  works;  and  the  heroine's  cruelty  towards  her 
father  indisposes  the  reader  for  being  interested  in  her  subsequent 
fete.  Mr.  Barrett  may  also  be  censured  for  not  confining  his  ridi 
cule  to  allowable  subjects:  'what  should  be  great  he  turns  to 
farce,'  both  in  his  frequent  sarcasms  on  the  clergy,  and  in  his  ludi 
crous  parodies  of  scenes  taken  from  our  best  novels :  although  it 
might  be  presumed  that,  if  CheruMna's  reading  had  been  limited 
to  respectable  works  of  fiction,  or  if  these  had  made  the  chief  im 
pression  on  her  mind  and  memory,  she  would  not  have  fallen  into 
the  follies  which  she  commits.  Still,  however,  her  adventures  are 
written  with  great  spirit  and  humour;  and  they  afford  many  scenes 
at  which  '  To  be  grave  exceeds  all  power  of  face.' " — Lon.  M.  Rev. 

Woman;  a  Poem,  Lon.,  1810,  sm.  8vo. 

Barrett,  Elizabeth  B.     See  BROWNING,  MRS. 

Barrett,  Francis,  Professor  of  Chemistry,  Natural 
and  Occult  Philosophy,  pub.  The  Magus,  or  Celestial  In 
telligencer,  being  a  Complete  System  of  Occult  Philoso 
phy,  illustrated  with  a  great  variety  of  curious  engrav 
ings,  magical  and  cabalistical  figures,  Ac.,  Lon.,  1801,  4to; 
Lives  of  Alchemistical  Philosophers,  with  a  Critical  Cata 
logue  of  Books  in  Occult  Chemistry,  and  a  Selection  of 
the  most  Celebrated  Treatises  on  the  Theory  and  Practice 
of  the  Hermetic  Art,  1815,  8vo.  The  ignorant  may  dis 
miss  the  "  System  of  Occult  Philosophy"  with  a  contemptu 
ous  laugh,  but  the  student  of  human  nature  will  naturally 
feel  a  desire  to  investigate  the  pretensions  of  a  "science" 
which  has  turned  the  brains  of  so  many  men  of  vast  learn 
ing  and  unquestioned  integrity  of  purpose. 

Barrett,  Henry.  The  Alps;  from  the  German  of 
Haller,  Lon.,  1796. 

Barrett,  John,  D.D.,  1746?-1821,  Vice-Provost  of 
Trinity  College,  Dublin,  and  Professor  of  the  Oriental  Lan 
guages  in  that  University.  An  Enquiry  into  the  Origin 
of  the  Constellations  that  compose  the  Zodiac,  and  the 
Uses  they  were  intended  to  promote,  1800,  8vo. 

"  As  several  authors  have  given  an  explanation  of  the  signs  of 
the  Zodiac,  it  was  to  be  presumed  that  Dr.  Barrett  would  attempt 
to  demolish  their  theories,  before  he  advanced  his  own ;  and  ac 
cordingly,  his  first  pages  contain  an  examination  of  the  systems 
of  Macrobius,  La  Pluche,  and  La  Nauze.  In  opposing  these  hy 
potheses,  Dr.  B.  is  more  happy  than  in  establishing  his  own ;  for, 
though  endowed  with  much  learning,  and  qualified  by  much  re 
search,  he  has  fallen  into  the  wildest  and  most  fanciful  conjec 
tures." — Lon.  Monthly  Review. 

Essay  on  the  Earlier  Part  of  the  Life  of  Swift,  with  seve 
ral  original  pieces  ascribed  to  him,  1808,  8vo.  This  work 
is  incorporated  in  Nichols's  edit,  of  Swift. 

"We  see  no  ground  for  questioning  any  of  his  conclusions. 
Those  who  are  fond  of  similar  investigations  will  be  much  enter 
tained  by  his  researches." — Lon.  Monthly  Review. 

Evangelium  secundum  Matthaeum,  ex  Codice. 

Rescripto  in  Bibliotheca  Collegii  St.  Trinitatis  juxt.i, 
Dublin,  1801,  4to.  This  is  a  fac-simile  of  a  MS.  of  the 
New  Testament,  the  writing  of  which  had  been  erased  to 
give  place  to  another  work. 

"In  the  Prolegomena,  he  discusses,  at  considerable  length  and 
much  ability,  the  gospel  genealogy  of  our  Lord. . . .  An  elegant  file- 
simile  of  this  work  is  given  in  Mr.  Home's  Introduction ;  and  an 
excellent  critique  on  it  will  be  found  in  the  third  volume  of  the 
old  series  of  the  Eclectic  Review,  pp.  193  and  586."  See  Ornit/s 
Bibl.  Bib.,  and  the  works  referred  to. 

Barrett,  Joseph.    A  Funeral  Sermon,  Lon.,  1699. 

Barrett,  Joseph.     Sermons,  1795,  1806-13. 

Barrett,  Richard  A.  F.  A  Synopsis  of  Criticisms 
upon  those  Passages  of  the  Old  Testament  in  which  Modern 
Commentators  have  differed  from  the  Authorized  Version  ; 
together  with  an  Explanation  of  Various  Difficulties  in  tbe 
Hebrew  and  English  Texts,  2  vols.,  in  2  Pts.  each,  and  vol. 
iii.,  Pt.  1,  large  8vo,  Lon.,  1847.  Perhaps  in  no  depart 
ment  of  letters  have  there  been  more  important  additions 
to  the  library  than  in  that  which  treats  of  the  history,  pre 
servation,  integrity,  and  interpretation  of  the  sacred  text. 
Among  the  new  works  on  this  subject,  Mr.  Barrett's  is  said 
to  deserve  a  high  place  : 

"  This  laborious  and  learned  work  is  indispensable  to  the  Bi 
student.    The  Hebrew,  Greek,  and  English  versions  of  donhtliu 
;  passages  are  given  in  juxtaposition,  and  the  different  opinion 
'  commentators  are  quoted  at  length." 


BAR 


BAR 


This  portion  of  the  work,  all  yet  pub.,  (1853,)  includes  j 
all  the  historical  books,— finishing  at  Esther.— Darling's 
Cyc.  Bibl. 

Barrett,  Serenus.     Sermons,  <fcc.,  1715-22-25. 

Barrett,  William,  d.  1789,  an  eminent  Surgeon  at 
Bristol,  pub.  in  1788  the  History  and  Antiquities  of  the 
city  of  Bristol,  1  vol.,  4to.  This  work  had  been  in  pre 
paration  for  twenty  years.  Park  calls  it 

"  A  motley  compound  of  real  and  supposititious  history." 

"  The  promiscuous  mode  of  citing  authors,  we  had  almost  said, 
concealing  authorities,  is  unworthy  a  correct  or  faithful  writer. 

"The  book  abounds  with  curious  and  authentic  information; 
and,  in  excuse  for  many  of  its  inaccuracies,  it  may  be  necessary  to 
remind  the  reader  that  it  is  the  first  which  has  ever  been  pub 
lished  on  that  subject."— Lon.  Gent.  Mag.,  lix.  533 :  but  see  pages 
921-924,  same  vol. 

Mr.  Barrett  was  the  gentleman  who  urged  Chatterton  to 
produce  the  poems  which  he  declared  he  had  transcribed 
from  the  originals  in  Kowley's  handwriting.  Many  of  the 
"original  MSS."  were  in  Mr.  Barrett's  possession.  For  an 
interesting  paper  on  Chatterton's  forgeries,  see  Gent.  Mag. 
for  1789,  p.  1081 ;  and  see  the  name  in  this  volume. 

Barrey,  Lod.  Ram  Alley,  or  Merry  Tricks;  a 
Comedy,  Lon.,  1612,  4to.  See  Biog.  Dramat. 

Barrie,  Alex.  A  Collection  of  Prose  and  Verse, 
Edin.,  1781. 

Barrifee,  Wm.,  Lt.  Col.  Mars,  his  Trivmph,  Lon., 
1639,  4to.  Militarie  Discipline,  Lon.,  1639,  4to;  4th  ed., 
1643. 

Barrington,  Hon.  Daines,  1727-1800,  was  the 
fourth  of  five  celebrated  sons  of  an  illustrious  father,  John, 
Lord  Viscount  Barrington.  He  .studied  for  some  time  at 
Oxford,  which  he  quitted  for  the  Temple,  and  was  admitted 
to  the  bar.  He  retired  from  the  bench  (being  a  judge  in 
Wales)  in  1785,  and  devoted  himself  to  the  study  of  anti 
quity,  natural  history,  &c.  The  fruits  of  his  researches 
were  given  to  the  public  in  1766,  in  his  learned  Observa 
tions  on  the  Statutes,  4to.  This  work  has  been  frequently 
reprinted,  1767,  '69,  '75.  5th  edit.  1795.  The  later  edi 
tions  contain  new  matter. 

"  Mr.  Barrington,  in  his  Observations,  has  contributed  very 
much  to  the  elucidation  of  the  more  ancient  laws  of  England,  by 
introducing  historical  illustrations  of  the  times  during  which  the 
statutes  were  enacted.  The  volume  abounds  in  curious,  learned, 
and  valuable  information." — Marvin's  Legal  Bill. 

"  Like  an  active  general  in  the  service  of  the  public,  the  author 
storms  the  strongholds  of  chicane,  wheresoever  they  present  them 
selves,  and  particularly  fictions,  \s  ithout  reserve." " 

"Mr.  Daines  Barrington  is  more  of  the  anti  [uarian  and  histo 
rian  than  of  the  philosopher  or  lawyer.  He  has  selected  from  the 
earliest  volume  of  our  statute-book  a  number  of  acts,  upon  which 
he  has  given  a  commentary,  curious  rather  in  an  antiquarian 
point  of  view,  than  in  its  illustration  of  the  changes  introduced 
into  our  legal  polity.  Many  of  the  statutes  commented  upon  af 
ford  an  ample  field  for  the  display  of  much  research  into  the  man 
ners  and  customs  of  the  times.  Others  again  throw  much  light 
upon  the  historical  events  of  the  period.  Upon  some  occasions 
the  author  digresses  considerably,  but  the  matter  thus  introduced 
is  always  curious  and  valuable." — Retrospective  Review,  vol  IK.,  p. 
250 :  read  the  whole  of  this  long  article. 

In  1767  was  pub.  his  Naturalist's  Calendar;  in  1773  his 
edit,  of  the  Saxon  trans,  of  Orosius,  ascribed  to  King  Al 
fred.  In  1775  appeared  his  tracts  on  the  Possibility  of 
reaching  the  North  Pole.  These  tracts  were  designed  to 
promote  a  favourite  project  of  Mr.  Barrington's,  which  he 
had  the  pleasure  of  seeing  carried  out  in  the  voyage  of 
Captain  Phipps,  afterwards  Lord  Mulgrave. 
_  '-It  must  be  allowed  that  the  learned  author  bestowed  much 
time  and  labour  on  this  subject,  and  accumulated  an  amazing 
quantity  of  written,  traditionary,  and  conjectural  evidence,  in 
proof  of  the  possibility  of  circumnavigating  the  globe ;  but  when 
his  testimonies  were  examined,  they  proved  rather  ingenious  than 
satisfactory." — Chalmers's  Biog.  Diet. 

The  edit,  of  1818  contains  some  of  Capt.  Beaufoy's  spe 
culations  on  the  same  subject.  These  tracts  are  also  con 
tained  in  his  Miscellanies  on  Various  Subjects,  [Natural 
History,  Ac.,]  pub.  1781,  4to.  Mr.  Barrington  contributed 
several  papers  to  the  Archaeologia,  1770,  '75,  '77,  and  to 
the  Phil.  Trans.,  1767,  '71,  '73. 

Barrington,  George,  superintendent  of  the  convicts 
at  Paramatta.  A  Voyage  to  New  South  Wales,  1795. 
Sequel,  1800.  The  History  of  New  South  Wales,  1803,  2 
vols.  This  author  was  the  well  known,  or,  rather,  widely 
known,  light-fingered  gentleman  to  whom  is  ascribed  the 
witty  couplet : 

"  True  patriots  we!     For  be  it  understood, 
We  left  our  country  for  our  country's  good." 

On  the  voyage  out  Barrington  gained  the  good-will  of 
the  officers  of  the  ship,  by  assisting  so  materially  to  quell 
a  conspiracy  of  the  convicts,  that  he  was  considered  the 
preserver  of  the  vessel  and  the  lives  of  the  honest  men 
on  board. 

"  We  distrusted  the  pretensions  of  the  ostensible  author  [Voy 


age  to  N.  S.  Wales,]  being  weir  aware  that  there  are  methods  of 
picking  pockets  unknown,  perhaps,  to  Mr.  B.,  eminent  as  he  has 
been  for  skill  in  the  profession.  We  had  doubts  whether  some  in 
genious  hand  had  not  made  free  with  Mr.  B.  himself;  or.  at  least, 
with  a  name  of  so  much  celebrity  and  promise.  On  perusing,  how 
ever,  a  few  pages  of  the  work,  our  suspicions  abated ;  and  before 
we  arrived  at  its  conclusion,  not  a  doubt  remained  of  its  authen 
ticity."— ion.  Monthly  Review. 

Barrington,  John  Shute,  Lord  Viscount  of  the 
Kingdom  of  Ireland,  1678-1734,  was  the  youngest  son  of 
Benjamin  Shute,  of  London.  Francis  Barrington,  of  the 
ancient  house  of  Barrington  in  Essex,  who  had  married 
his  cousin-german,  Elizabeth  Shute,  settled  upon  him  his 
estate  in  Essex,  and,  by  act  of  parliament,  Mr.  Shute  was 
permitted  to  assume  the  name  and  arms  of  Barrington. 
He  was  distinguished  at  an  early  age  for  his  talent  and 
judgment. 

"  One  Mr.  Shute  is  named  the  secretary  to  Lord  Wharton  [Lord 
Lieutenant  of  Ireland.]  He  is  a  young  man,  but  reckoned  the 
shrewdest  head  in  England.  ...  As  to  his  principles,  he  is  a  mo 
derate  man,  frequenting  the  church  and  meeting  indifferently." — 
DEAN  SWIFT. 

In  1723  his  lordship  retired  from  political  life,  and  de 
voted  himself  to  theological  researches,  for  which  he  al 
ways  cherished  a  predilection.  He  married  a  daughter 
of  Sir  William  Daines,  by  whom  he  had  six  sons;  the 
five  who  lived  to  man's  estate  all  became  distinguished 
characters.  1.  William,  Lord  Barrington;  2.  John,  a 
major-general  in  the  army;  3.  Daines,  justice  of  Chester; 
4.  Samuel,  an  admiral;  5.  Shute,  Bishop  of  Durham. 
Lord  Barrington  pub.  a  number  of  works,  1696-1733,  the 
principal  of  which  is  Miscellanea  Sacra;  or  a  New  Me 
thod  of  considering  so  much  of  the  History  of  the  Apostles 
as  is  contained  in  Scripture ;  in  an  Abstract  of  their  His 
tory,  an  Abstract  of  that  Abstract,  and  four  Critical  Es 
says,  Lon.,  1725,  2  vols.  8vo.  A  new  edit.,  under  the  su 
pervision  of  the  author's  son,  the  Bishop  of  Durham,  in  3 
vols.,  1770,  8vo.  The  1st  edit,  was  pub.  anonymously. 

"  This  work  contains  some  very  valuable  information  on  sub 
jects  not  usually  discussed.  The  first  essay  is  on  the  teaching 
and  witness  of  the  Spirit,  and  affords  some  ingenious  illustrations 
of  the  miraculous  gifts  of  the  primitive  churches.  The  second  is 
on  the  distinction  between  Apostles,  Elders,  and  Brethren,  in 
which  the  nature  of  the  apostolic  office  is  particularly  examined. 
The  third  is  on  the  time  when  Paul  and  Barnabas  became,  and 
were  known  to  be,  apostles ;  in  which  he  contends  that  Paul  was 
not  constituted  an  apostle  till  his  second  visit  to  Jerusalem,  men 
tioned  Acts  xxii.  17-21.  The  last  is  on  the  Apostolical  decree, 
Acts  xv.  23-30."—  Orme's  Bibl.  Bib. 

The  2d  edit,  contains  an  Essay  On  the  Several  Dispen 
sations  of  God  to  Mankind,  in  the  order  in  which  they  lie 
in  the  Bible ;  or  a  Short  System  of  the  Religion  of  Nature 
and  Scripture,  1st  edit.,  1725.  Both  works  will  be  found 
in  the  Rev.  G.  Townsend's  edit,  of  Viscount  Barrington'e 
works,  Lon.,  1828,  3  vols. 

"  Much  valuable  information  may  be  derived  from  this  work. 
[An  Essay,  &c.]"—  Quarterly  Review. 

Dr.  Benson  acknowledges  his  obligation  to  the  Miscel 
lanea  Sacra,  in  his  history  of  the  first  planting  of  Chris 
tianity,  and  in  some  other  of  his  works. 

"  The  merit  of  this  work  [Miscellanea  Sacra]  is  generally  ao- 
knowledged."— REV.  T.  H.  HORNE. 

"  His  theological  works  will  always  remain  the  fairest  and  most 
durable  monument  of  his  literary  reputation.  Few  writers  in  the 
last  century  possessed  higher  qualifications  for  the  attainment  of 
a  profound  and  extensive  knowledge  of  the  Scriptures."— REV. 
GEO.  TOWNSEND. 

1  Barrington,  Sir  Jonah,  1767-1834,  Judge  of  the 
Court  of  Admiralty  in  Ireland.  Personal  Sketches  of  his 
Own  Time,  Lon.,  1830,  3  vols.  8vo.  Historic  Anecdotes 
and  Secret  Memoirs  relative  to  the  Legislative  Union 
between  Great  Britain  and  Ireland,  5  parts,  pub.  1809-15, 
in  4to,  at  21s.  per  part.  Published  complete  in  2  vols. 
imp.  4to,  1835,  with  40  portraits,  at  £5  5*. 

"  This  remarkable  work  was  begun  publishing  in  parts  several 
years  ago,  and  excited  a  considerable  sensation  at  the  time.  It 
was  announced  to  appear  in  ten  parts,  at  one  guinea  each,  and 
several  were  speedily  published.  From  some  unexplained  cause, 
however,  the  progress  of  the  work  was  suddenly  suspended,  and 
reports  were  circulated  of  its  having  been  officially  suppressed  on 
account  of  the  freedom  of  its  language;  which  gave  the  published 
parts  a  great  marketable  value,  and  they  could  not  afterwards  be 
obtained  at  any  price.  It  remained  for  that  enterprising  publisher, 
Mr.  Colburn,  to  rescue  it  from  being  lost  to  the  public,  which  ha 
did  by  purchasing  the  whole  materials,  after  they  had  been  sup 
pressed  for  several  years,  from  the  family.  The  work  is  now  com 
pleted  as  originally  intended  by  the  author." 

The  Historic  Memoirs  have  been  issued  in  cheap  form, 
entitled  The  Rise  and  Pall  of  the  Irish  Nation. 

Barrington,  Hon.  andRt.Rev.Shute,1734-1826, 
successively  Bishop  of  Llandaff,  Salisbury,  and  Durham, 
was  the  sixth  son  of  the  first  Lord  Barrington.  (See  ante.) 
He  was  educated  at  Eton,  and  in  1752  became  a  gentle 
man-commoner  at  Merton  College,  Oxford.  His  lordship 
edited  in  1770  an  edit,  of  his  learned  father's  Miscellanea 

129 


BAR 

Sacra,  and  pub.  several  sermons,  charges,  tracts,  Ac.,  1772- 
1815.  He  also  contributed  many  valuable  notes  to  the 
enlarged  edition  of  Bowyer's  Conjecture  on  the  New  Tes 
tament,  and  prepared  for  the  press  the  Political  Life  of 
his  brother  William,  second  Viscount  Barrington,  which 
work  was  edited  by  Sir  Francis  Bernard. 

"His  remarks  on  the  Greek  Testament  inserted  in  Bunyan's 
Critical  Conjectures  are  characterised  by  sound  judgment  and  great 
caution.  .  .  His  tracts,  sermons,  and  charges,  are  alike  characterised 
by  sound  judgment,  clearness  of  expression,  and  fervent  piety." 

(Rev.  Geo.  Townsend :  read  this  interesting  memoir  of  a 
true  "man  of  God,"  prefixed  to  Mr.  Townsend's  edit,  of 
Viscount  Barrington's  Works,  Lon.,  1828,  3  vols.) 

Barren,  Arthur,  and  Alfred  Austin.  Reports  of 
Cases  of  controverted  Elections,  Lon.,  1844;  and  Arnold, 
T.  J.,  ditto  with  other  matter,  Lon.,  1845. 

Barren,  Wm.,  pub.  several  works,  Edin.  and  Lon., 
1770-1806.  Essays  on  the  Mechanical  Principles  of  the 
Plough,  Edin.,  1775,  8vo;  Letters  on  Belles  Lettres  and 
Logic,  Lon.,  1806,  8vo,  2  vols. 

"  A  valuable  work  for  the  student." — LOWJTDES. 

Barrongh,  Philip.  Method  of  Physick,  containing 
the  Causes,  Signs,  and  Cures  of  Inward  Diseases  in  Man's 
Body,  from  Head  to  Foot,  Lon.,  1610,  '17,  '34,  '39,  4to. 

Barroughby,  or  Barrowby,  W.,  M.D.  Trans,  of 
the  Medical  Works  of  Astruc  and  others,  Lon.,  1737-38. 

Barrow,  Henry.  The  Pollution  of  University  Learn 
ing,  Lon.,  1642. 

Barrow,  Henry.     See  BARROWES. 

Barrow,  Humphrey.  The  Relief  of  the  Poor,  and 
Advancement  of  Learning  Proposed,  Lon.,  1656. 

Barrow,  Isaac,  D.D.,  1630-1677,  an  eminent  mathe 
matician  and  divine,  was  born  in  the  city  of  London.  His 
father  was  linen-draper  to  Charles  I.,  whom  he  followed 
to  Oxford.  After  the  decapitation  of  his  king,  he  (Tho 
mas  Barrow)  attended  Charles  II.  in  his  exile,  and  con 
tinued  with  him  till  the  Restoration.  His  brother,  Isaac 
Barrow,  uncle  to  the  subject  of  our  memoir,  was  made 
Bishop  of  the  Isle  of  Man.  The  early  youth  of  Isaac 
Barrow  was  unpromising.  At  the  Charter-House  School 
he  was  remarkable  for  an  uncommonly  belligerent  dispo 
sition,  and  dealt  as  hard  blows  to  his  schoolfellows  as  he 
afterwards  directed  at  the  Supremacy  of  the  Pope.  His 
father,  wearied  with  the  exercise  of  unavailing  discipline, 
intimated  that  the  loss  of  the  young  warrior  would  not  be 
a  heart-breaking  affair,  by  expressing  the  opinion  that  if 
it  pleased  Providence  to  remove  any  of  his  children,  Isaac 
could  be  the  best  spared  from  the  group.  Placed  at  school 
at  Felstead  in  Essex,  Isaac  suddenly  assumed  a  new  cha 
racter; — that  of  a  diligent,  persevering  student.  In  1643 
he  was  admitted  a  pensioner  of  Peterhouse,  Cambridge, 
and  two  years  later  entered  Trinity  College.  A  Latin 
oration  displeasing  some  of  the  Fellows,  Dr.  Hill,  the 
master,  replied  to  their  complaints,  "  Barrow  is  a  better 
man  than  any  of  us."  The  writings  of  Lord  Bacon,  Des 
Cartes,  Galileo,  and  other  profound  philosophers,  were 
now  his  favourite  study.  In  1649  he  commenced  B.A.  ; 
in  1652  he  proceeded  M.A. ;  and  in  the  same  year  was 
incorporated  in  the  same  degree  at  Oxford. 

He  thought  at  this  time  of  becoming  a  physician,  and 
studied  anatomy,  botany,  and  chemistry.  Shortly,  how 
ever,  he  resumed  the  study  of  divinity.  In  1655  he  started 
on  a  continental  tour.  The  vessel  in  which  he  was  a  pas 
senger  being  attacked  by  an  Algerine  corsair,  Barrow  as 
sumed  carnal  weapons,  and  fought  manfully  until  the  pirate 
was  driven  off.  As  we  have  seen  he  had  a  strong  natural 
inclination  for  hostilities,  perhaps  he  was  not  sorry  for 
this  opportunity  of  once  more  taking  up  the  cudgels  in  a 
lawful  combat.  This  voyage  and  combat  Barrow  has  re 
corded  in  a  long  poetical  narrative  in  hexameter  and  pen 
tameter  verse.  At  Constantinople  he  read  through  the 
works  of  Chrysostom ;  this  city  having  been  the  diocese 
of  the  "  golden-mouthed"  bishop.  It  was  reasonably  ex 
pected  at  the  time  of  the  Restoration  that  Barrow  would 
have  received  immediate  preferment;  but  the  profligate, 
ungrateful  monarch,  when  in  the  possession  of  wealth  and 
power,  was  too  much  sunk  in  sensuality  and  criminal  in 
dolence,  to  make  any  exertions  for  the  benefit  of  those 
who  had  aided  him  in  the  day  of  adversity.  The  Egyp 
tian  butler  is  the  type  of  too  many  in  this  world, — "  yet  did 
he  not  remember  Joseph,  but  forgat  him."  It  was  at  this 
time  that  Barrow  wrote  his  celebrated  epigram  : 
"  Te  magis  optavit,  rediturum,  Carole,  nemo, 

Et  nemo  sensit,  te  redisse  minus." 
"  Thy  restoration,  Royal  Charles,  I  see, 
By  none  more  wished,  by  none  less  felt,  than  me." 

In  1660  he  was  chosen  professor  of  Greek  at  Cambridge. 
In  1662  he  received  the  appointment  of  Professor  of  Geo- 


BAR 

metry,  in  Gresham  College.  In  1669  he  felt  it  his  duty  to 
apply  himself  to  his  profession  as  a  divine.  "  At  his  or 
dination  he  had  vowed  to  serve  God  in  the  gospel  of  his 
Son,  and  he  could  not  make  a  Bible  out  of  Euclid,  nor  a 
pulpit  out  of  his  mathematical  chair.  His  only  redress 
was  to  quit  them  both."  He  therefore  resigned  his  pro 
fessorship  at  Gresham  College  to  his  friend,  the  afterwards 
illustrious  ISAAC  NEWTON.  In  1670  he  was  created  doctor 
of  divinity,  by  royal  mandate,  and  in  Feb.,  1672,  he  was 
promoted  to  the  Mastership  of  Trinity  College,  the  king 
observing  that  he  had  bestowed  it  upon  "  the  best  scholar 
in  England."  In  1675  he  was  chosen  vice-chancellor  of 
his  university.  The  life  of  this  great  man  was  now  draw 
ing  to  a  close.  In  April,  1677,  he  was  attacked  by  a  fever, 
in  London,  which  terminated  fatally  on  the  fourth  of  May 
following.  As  a  mathematician,  Barrow  undoubtedly  oc 
cupies  a  very  high  station,  although  there  is  a  difference 
of  opinion  as  to  the  exact  position  which  it  is  proper  to 
assign  to  him.  Dr.  Pemberton  remarks,  "He  may  be 
esteemed  as  having  shown  a  compass  of  invention  equal, 
if  not  superior,  to  any  of  the  moderns,  Sir  Isaac  Newton 
only  excepted."  It  must  be  remembered  that  it  was  at 
the  early  age  of  thirty-two  he  was  chosen  professor  of 
geometry ;  which  he  resigned  seven  years  later.  Had  he 
felt  it  consistent  with  his  higher  obligations,  to  continue 
his  mathematical  researches,  it  is  impossible  to  predict 
the  progress  he  might  have  made  in  science. 

"  On  Geometry,  as  a  platform,  he  paved  the  way,  with  his  theory 
of  Infinitesimal,  for  the  discovery  of  the  Fluxional  and  Differ 
ential  Calculi,  by  Newton  and  Leibnitz.  Barrow  originated  the 
idea  of  what  has  been  called  the  incremental  triangle,  and  showed 
the  error  of  his  predecessors,  in  affirming  that  a  portion  of  a  curve 
maybe  taken  so  small  that  it  may,  in  calculation  be  considered  as 
a  straight  line.  This  notion,  although  one  which  the  mind  readily 
admits,  is  utterly  untrue,  and  contradictory  to  the  first  principles 
of  geometry.  .  .  Barrow  is  the  author  of  a  work  which,  in  the  eyes 
of  sober-minded  mathematicians,  will  always  be  as  classically  dear 
as  the  aroi%tia  of  Euclid  were  to  the  school  of  Alexandria ;  we 
mean  his  Mathematics  Lectiones,  perfect  models  in  the  hands  of 
those  who  are  attached  to  the  reasoning  of  sound  geometry." — Hose's 
Biog.  Die. 

His  English  Theological  works  collected,  first  appeared 
in  3  vols.,  folio,  in  1685,  published  under  the  superintcmd- 
ance  of  Dr.  Tillotson  and  Abraham  Hall ;  several  edits., 
last  in  1741.  The  Opuscula  were  first  published  in  1687, 
His  mathematical  works  appeared:  Euclidis  Elemata, 
Cantab.,  1655;  Euclidis  Data,  Cantab.,  1675;  Lectiones 
Opticse,  Lon.,  1669;  Lectiones  Geometrica,  Lon.,  1670; 
Archimedis  Opera ;  Apollonii  Conicorum,  Libri  IV. ;  Theo- 
dosii  Sphserica,  Lon.,  1675.  The  following  were  published 
after  his  death  :  Lectio  de  Sphaera  et  Cylindro,  Lon.,  1678 ; 
Lectiones  Mathematics,  1783. 

The  English  works  were  republished  at  the  Clarendon 
Press  in  1818,  6  vols.  8vo ;  again,  Oxford,  8  vols.  8vo.  Two 
edits,  have  been  pub.  with  the  Opuscula  (first  printed  in 
1687)  added.  The  one  edited  by  the  Rev.  T.  S.  Hughes,  in  7 
vols.  8vo,  omits  the  greater  part  of  Barrow's  learned  quo 
tations.  The  other,  edited  by  the  Rev.  James  Hamilton, 
Edin.,  1842,  3  vols.  8vo,  "is  complete  and  correctly 
printed." — Darling's  Cyc.  Bill. 

Three  years  later  (i.  e.  in  1845)  an  excellent  edit,  was 
pub.  by  Mr.  John  C.  Riker  of  New  York,  3  vols.  8vo. 
This  contains  all  of  the  works  of  Barrow,  save  his  mathe 
matical  compositions,  which  are  of  little  use  to  the  gene 
ral  reader.  Biographical  notices  from  Hill,  Hamilton,  Ac. 
are  prefixed,  and  copious  indexes  add  greatly  to  the  value 
of  this  creditable  edition. 

Barrow  was  a  man  of  great  wit  His  description  of 
facetiousness  has  been  quoted  by  Addison,  and  was  consi 
dered  by  Dr.  Johnson  the  finest  thing  in  the  language. 
We  quote  an  instance  of  his  ready  wit :  Meeting  the  Earl 
of  Rochester  one  day,  the  witty  peer  exclaimed,  "  Doctor, 
I  am  yours  to  the  shoe-tie ;"  to  which  the  clergyman  re 
plied,  "  My  lord,  I  am  yours  to  the  ground."  The  peer 
rejoined,  "  Doctor,  I  am  yours  to  the  centre."  "  My  lord," 
retorted  the  Doctor,  "  I  am  yours  to  the  antipodes."  Deter 
mined  not  to  be  outdone,  his  lordship  blasphemously  added, 
"  Doctor,  I  am  yours  to  the  lowest  pit  of  hell ;"  on  which 
Barrow  turned  on  his  heel,  and  said,  "And  there,  my  lord, 
I  leave  you."  Here  was  true  wit,  and  something  much 
better  than  wit ; — a  reproof  to  a  scorn er.  Of  his  humanity, 
we  have  the  following  instance  on  record : 

"  Walking  about  the  premises  of  a  friend  in  the  evening,  he 
was  attacked  by  a  fierce  mastiff,  which  was  left  unchained  at  night, 
and  had  not  become  acquainted  with  the  doctor's  person.     1 
struggled  with  the  dog,  and  threw  him  down ;  but  when  on  tb( 
point  of  strangling  him,  he  reflected  that  the  animal  was  only 
doing  his  duty  in  seizing  a  stranger;  for  which,  therefore,  he  di< 
not  deserve  to  die.    As  he  durst  not  loose  his  hold,  lest  the  a< 
should  seize  and  tear  him,  he  laid  himself  down  on  the  animal, 
and  there  remained  till  some  one  came  to  his  assistance.' 


BAR 


BAR 


Of  the  Dr.'s  extreme  neglect  of  his  personal  appearance 
and  the  consequences  resulting  therefrom,  we  have  a  ludi 
crous  story  in  the  Biographia  Britannica.  He  was  noted 
for  the  length  of  his  sermons.  His  Spital  Sermon,  or  the 
Duty  and  Reward  of  Bounty  to  the  Poor,  "  took  up  three 
hours  and  a  half  in  its  delivery.  When  asked  at  its  con 
clusion,  if  he  was  not  fatigued,  he  acknowledged  that  he 
began  to  be  weary  of  standing  so  long  !" 

"  We  were  once  going  from  Salisbury  to  London,  he,  Barrow. 
in  the  coach  with  the  Bishop,  and  I  on  horseback.  As  he  was  en 
tering  the  coach,  I  perceived  his  pockets  strutting  out  near  half  i 
foot,  and  I  said  to  him,  '  What  have  you  got  in  your  pockets  ? 
He  replied,  '  Sermons'  '  Sermons  !'  said  I,  '  give  them  to  me  ;  my  boy 
shall  carry  them  in  his  portmanteau,  and  ease  you  of  that  luggage. 
'But,'  said  he,  'suppose  your  boy  should  be  robbed?'  'That  is 
pleasant,'  I  said;  '  do  you  think  there  are  persons  padding  on  the 
road  for  sermons  ?'  '  Why,  what  have  you?'  said  he.  '  It  may  be 
five  or  six  guineas,'  I  answered.  Barrow  replied,  '  I  hold  my  ser 
mons  at  a  greater  rate,  for  they  cost  me  much  pains  and  time." 
'  Well  then,'  said  I,  '  if  you  will  secure  my  five  or  six  guineas 
against  lay-padders,  I  will  secure  your  sermons  against  ecclesiasti 
cal  highwaymen?  This  was  agreed.  He  emptied  his  pockets,  anc 
filled  my  portmanteau  with  his  divinity;  and  we  had  the  good 
fortune  to  come  safe  to  our  journey's  end,  and  bring  both  our  trea 
sures  to  London."  —  Pope's  Life  of  Ward,  p.  143. 

When  Barrow  presented  himself  with  others  for  exami 
nation,  as  a  candidate  for  the  ministry,  he  gave  the  follow 
ing  proof  of  his  remarkable  readiness.  The  old  prelate 
proceeded  to  satisfy  himself  in  a  summary  way,  of  the 
candidates'  qualifications,  "  by  addressing  in  turn  to  each 
one,  three  test  questions.  Commencing  with  the  first,  he 
asked  'Quid  est  fides?'  to  which  each  answered  in  turn. 
Barrow  stood  last,  and  when  the  bishop  addressed  to  him 
the  question,  '  Quid  est  fides  ?'  he  received  the  prompt 
reply,  '  Quod  non  vides.'  The  Bishop  was  a  scholar, 
although  age  had  somewhat  benumbed  his  energy.  On 
receiving  this  answer,  he  raised  himself  in  his  chair,  and 
looking  from  whence  the  answer  proceeded,  gave  vent  to  his 
satisfaction  in  the  exclamation  (  Excellente  !'  He  then 
commenced  his  second  round,  interrogating  each  in  turn, 
as  before  'Quid  eat  spes?'  to  which  Barrow  promptly 
replied,  'Non  dum  res  !'  '  Bene,  Bene,  excellentius  !'  re 
joined  the  gratified  Bishop,  and  proceeded  to  his  last  ques 
tion,  '  Quid  est  caritas  ?'  From  the  others  he  received 
various  replies,  but  when  Barrow  was  addressed,  he  an 
swered,  'Ah,  magister,  id  est  paueitas.'  '  Excellentis- 
sime  !'  shouted  the  good  old  man,  unable  to  suppress  his 
delight,  'aut  Erasmus  est  aut  diabolus  !'" 

At  the  time  of  his  appointment  to  the  Mastership  of 
Trinity  College,  influence  the  most  powerful  was  ready  to 
further  his  claims,  if  necessary. 

"  lie  was  then  the  King's  chaplain  in  ordinary,  and  much  in 
favour  with  the  Duke  of  Buckingham,  then  Chancellor  of  the 
University  of  Cambridge;  as  also  of  Gilbert,  Lord  Archbishop  of 
Canterbury  ;  both  of  whom  were  ready,  if  there  had  been  any  need. 
to  have  given  him  their  assistance  to  obtain  this  place."  —  DR.  POPE. 
"  He  was  in  person  of  the  lesser  size,  and  lean  ;  of  extraordinary 
strength,  of  a  lair  and  calm  complexion,  a  thin  skin,  very  sensible 
of  the  cold  ;  his  eyes  grey,  clear,  and  somewhat  short-sighted  ; 
his  hair  of  a  light  auburn,  very  fine  and  curling." 

See  his  friend  Abraham  Hill's  letter  to  Dr.  Tillotson, 
dated  April  10,  1683.  Hill  gives  Barrow  the  most  exem 
plary  character,  concluding  with, 

"  All  I  have  said,  or  can  say,  is  far  short  of  the  idea  which  Dr. 
Barrow's  friends  have  formed  of  him,  and  that  character  which  he 
ought  to  appear  to  them  who  knew  him  not.  Besides  all  the  de- 
Ms  on  my  part,  he  had  in  himself  this  disadvantage,  of  wanting 
toils  to  augment  his  lustre,  and  low  places  to  give  eminence  to  his 
heights  ;  such  virtues  as  his,  contentment  in  all  conditions,  candour 
m  doubtful  cases,  moderation  among  differing  parties,  knowledge 
without  ostentation,  are  subjects  fitter  for  praise  than  narrative." 
Another  intimate  friend,  Dr.  Pope,  tells  us, 
"He  was  of  a  healthy  constitution,  used  no  exercise  or  physic, 
besides  smoking  tobacco,  in  which  he  was  not  sparing,  saying  it 
was  an  instar  omnium,  or  panpharmacvn.  He  was  unmercifully 
cruel  to  a  lean  carcass,  not  allowing  it  sufficient  meat  or  sleep 
During  the  winter  months,  and  some  part  of  the  rest,  he  rose 
always  before  it  was  light,  never  being  without  a  tinder-box  and 
other  proper  utensils  for  that  purpose.  I  have  frequently  known 
him,  after  his  first  sleep,  rise,  light,  and  after  burning  out  his  can 
dle,  return  to  bed  before  day." 

His  distinguished  friend,  Archbishop  Tillotson,  is  not  a 
whit  behind  Abraham  Hill  in  his  commendation  of  our 
divine  : 

"Of  all  the  men  I  ever  had  the  happiness  to  know,  he  was  the 

freest  from  offending  in  word,  coming  as  near  as  is  possible  for  hu 

man  frailty  to  do,  to  the  perfect  idea  of  St.  James,  his  perfect  man  " 

The  names  of  the  two  friends  are  thus  beautifully  united 

V>y  Thomson  : 

"  And  for  the  strength  and  elegance  of  Truth, 

A  Barrow  and  a  Tillotson  are  thine!"—  Apos.  to  Brit. 
"It  is  one  of  the  regrets  of  his  executor,  Hill,  that  he  could 
hear  of  no  enemy  and  calumny  from  which  to  vindicate  him.  . 

*  matter  where  be  dwel^-for  if  he  had  not  friends 


Having  thus  largely  considered  the  character  of  this  ex 
cellent  man,  it  is  proper  that  we  should  speak  more  parti 
cularly  than  we  have  yet  done  of  those  great  works  of  his 
which  have  ever  been  ranked  among  the  most  remarkable 
productions  of  the  human  mind. 

Montucla,  in  his  Histoire  des  Mathematiques,  An.  VII., 
torn.  II.,  p.  88,  is  full  of  "admiration"  and  "enchantment" 
when  he  speaks  of  the  fertility  of  ideas  and  the  multitude 
of  new  and  curious  theorems  "de  ce  savant  geometre." 
The  Treatise  on  the  Pope's  Supremacy  would  of  itself  have 
placed  Barrow  in  the  first  class  of  scholars  and  controver 
sialists.  This  he  did  not  live  to  publish. 

"  The  state  of  his  manuscript,  preserved  in  Trinity  College  Li 
brary,  indicates  the  prodigious  pains  which  he  had  bestowed  upon 
it,  chiefly  in  the  compilation  of  authorities.  As  it  is,  no  one  can 
open  it  at  any  page  without  being  struck  by  its  amazing  research. 
Yet  Barrow  was  not  satisfied  with  what  he  had  already  quoted. 
Many  confirmatory  passages  were  still  in  his  mind,  for  the  inser 
tion  of  which  he  had  left  blank  spaces  at  the  time.  When  on  his 
death-bed,  he  placed  the  whole  in  the  hands  of  Dr.  Tillotson,  say 
ing,  '  I  hope  it  is  indifferent  perfect,  though  not  altogether  as  I  in 
tended  it,  if  God  had  granted  me  longer  life.'  Had  he  himself  not 
indicated  those  omissions,  no  one  could  have  detected  them."  — 
HAMILTON. 

Archbishop  Tillotson  observes  : 

"  No  argument  of  moment,  nay  hardly  any  consideration  pro 
perly  belonging  to  it,  hath  escaped  his  large  and  comprehensive 
mind.  He  hath  said  enough  to  silence  the  controversy  forever, 
and  to  deter  all  wise  men,  of  both  sides,  from  meddling  any  fur 
ther  with  it." 

Hamilton  remarks  :  "  What  the  Archbishop  has  said 
about  its  arguments  is  equally  true  of  its  testimonies." 

"  We  can  imagine  nothing  whereunto  to  liken  the  glorious  work 
of  Barrow,  but  the  mighty  telescope  of  Herschel  —  an  instrument 
which  brings  up,  from  the  abyss  of  space,  a  countless  multitude 
of  luminaries,  which  hid  themselves  from  the  search  of  unassisted 
vision.  Even  so  does  the  gigantic  labour  of  Barrow  call  up  from  the 
depths  of  antiquity  a  galaxy  of  witnesses,  who  pass  over  our  field 
of  view  in  perfect  order  and  distinctness,  and  shed  a  broad  and 
steady  illumination  over  the  path  of  the  inquirer."  —  British  Critic. 
"  Barrow,  not  so  extensively  learned  as  Taylor,  who  had  read 
rather  too  much,  but  inferior,  perhaps,  even  in  that  respect  to 
hardly  any  one  else,  and  above  him  in  closeness  and  strength  of 
reasoning,  combated  against  Rome  in  many  of  his  sermons,  and 
especially  in  a  long  treatise  on  papal  supremacy.  .  .  .  The  sermons 
of  Barrow  display  a  strength  of  mind,  a  comprehensiveness  and 
fertility,  which  have  rarely  been  equalled.  No  better  proof  can  be 
given  than  his  eight  sermons  on  the  government  of  the  tongue  ; 
copious  and  exhaustive,  without  tautology  or  superfluous  decla 
mation,  they  are  in  moral  preaching  what  the  best  parts  of  Aris 
totle  are  in  ethical  philosophy,  with  more  of  development  and 
more  extensive  observation.  .  .  .  His  quotations  from  ancient  phi 
losophers,  though  not  so  numerous  as  in  Taylor,  are  equally  un 
congenial  to  our  ears.  In  his  style,  notwithstanding  its  richness 
and  occasional  vivacity,  we  may  censure  a  redundancy  and  excess 
of  apposition  :  his  language  is  more  antiquated  and  formal  than 
that  of  his  age  ;  and  he  abounds  too  much  in  uncommon  words  of 
Latin  derivation,  frequently  such  as  appear  to  have  no  authority 
but  his  own.  His  Latin  verse  is  forcible  and  full  of  mind,  but  not 
sufficiently  redolent  of  antiquity."  —  HALLAH. 
Chas.  II.  used  to  call  Barrow  an 

"  Unfair  preacher,  because  he  exhausted  every  topic,  and  left  no 
room  for  any  thing  new  to  be  said  by  any  one  who  came  after  him." 
Similar  to  this  is  the  criticism  of  Le  Clerc  : 
"  Les  sermons  de  cet  Auteur  sont  plutSt  des  Traite's,  ou  les  Dis- 
sertationes  exactes,  que  de  simples  Harangues  pour  plaire  a  la 
multitude."—  Sib.  Uhiverselle,  tome  iii.  p.  325. 

Dr.  Pope,  his  intimate  friend,  had  anticipated  this  cri 
tique. 

"  He  thought  he  had  not  said  enough,  if  he  omitted  any  thing 
thai  belonged  to  the  subject  of  his  discourse  ;  so  that  his  sermons 
seemed  rather  complete  treatises,  than  orations  designed  to  be 
spoke  in  an  hour." 

Coleridge  complains  that 

"  Barrow  often  debased  his  language  merely  to  evidence  his  loy 
alty.  It  was,  indeed,  no  easy  task  for  a  man  of  so  much  genius 
and  such  a  precise  mathematical  mode  of  thinking,  to  adopt,  even 
for  a  moment,  the  slang  of  L'Estrange  and  Tom  Brown  ;  but  he 
succeeded  in  doing  so  sometimes.  With  the  exception  of  such  arts, 
Barrow  must  be  considered  as  closing  the  first  great  period  of  the 
English  language.  Dryden  began  the  second." 

We  must  not  forget  the  commendation  of  the  Lectiones 
Opticse,  conveyed  in  a  letter  of  James  Gregory,  the  Scot 
tish  Mathematician,  to  John  Collins.  Several  years  after 
publication,  Barrow  had  heard  of  only  two  men  who  had 
given  them  a  careful  perusal,  —  Slusius  of  Liege,  and  James 
Gregory  ;  the  latter  thus  writes  : 

"Mr.  Barrow  in  his  opticks  sheweth  himself  a  most  subtile  ?e- 
ometer,  so  that  I  think  him  superior  to  any  that  ever  I  looked 
upon.  I  long  exceedingly  to  see  his  Geometrical  Lectures,  espe 
cially  because  I  have  some  notions  upon  that  subject  by  mee.  I 
entreat  you  to  send  them  to  mee  presently,  as  they  come  from  the 
presse,  for  I  esteem  the  author  more  than  yee  can  imagine." 

The  author  informs  us  that  the  publication  of  these  Lec 
tures  was  urged  by  his  pupil,  the  afterwards  illustrious 
Isaac  Newton.  "  D.  ISAACUS  NEWTON,  COLLEGA  NOSTER, 

PEREGREGI^E      VIR  INDOLIS  AC  INSIGNIS  PERITLE,"  had  re- 

rised  the  text,  and  not  only  suggested  some  corrections, 
but  supplied  some  important  additions  from  his  own  store. 


BAR 


BAR 


His  executor  gives  us  an  instance  of  the  ardour  with  which 
he  prosecuted  a  study  once  begun ;  he  found  written  at  the 
end  of  his  copy  of  Apollonius — "April  14-Mai  16,  Intra 
hcec  temporis  intervalla  peractum  hoc  opus." 

"  The  school  of  Hooker,  Chillingworth,  Mede,  and  Barrow,  is 
the  school  of  acute  perception  and  close  reasoning.  Yet  Barrow 
was  perhaps  the  most  able  of  the  four  writers  just  named;  not 
only  in  the  systematic  division,  and  masterly  elucidation  of  the 
various  subjects  of  which  he  treats,  but  in  the  copiousness  of  his 
ideas  and  of  his  language.  There  is  a  power  and  prodigality  of 
expression  in  many  of  Barrow's  discourses,  as  if  the  writer  were 
conscious  of  the  inefficiency  of  his  vernacular  tongue  to  convey 
precisely  the  views  and  bearings  of  his  thesis.  His  sermon  on  the 
Atonement  is  one  of  the  most  astonishing  instances,  which  present 
themselves  to  my  memory,  of  an  eloquence  as  powerful  and  per 
suasive  as  the  ideas  are  original  and  sublime." — DR.  DIBDIN. 

Bishop  Heber,  speaking  of  Taylor,  Hooker,  and  Barrow, 
thus  distinguishes  them : 

"  Of  such  a  triumvirate,  who  shall  settle  the  pre-eminence  ?  The 
first  av~es  most,  the  second  convinces  most,  the  third  delights  and 
persuades  most.  .  .  .  To  Barrow,  the  praise  must  be  assigned  of 
the  closest  and  clearest  views,  and  of  a  taste  the  most  controlled 
and  chastened." 

The  Rev.  E.  Bickersteth  adds, 

"Hooker  was  more  correct  in  doctrine,  Barrow  most  full  in 
practical  instruction,  and  Taylor  most  rich  in  devotional  composi 
tion.  .  .  .  The  powers  of  Barrow's  mind  were  of  the  highest  order; 
and  in  his  sermons  on  the  passion  of  Christ,  and  011  his  incarna 
tion,  we  have  very  able  statements  of  the  fundamental  truths  of 
the  gospel;  and  his  treatise  on  the  Pope's  Supremacy  has  been 
said  to  be  the  most  valuable  on  that  topic  in  the  English  language. 
In  his  sermons  on  Faith  there  are  some  magnificent  passages ;  but 
there  are  others  in  which  we  cannot  concur,  though  he  distinctly 
acknowledges  it  to  be  a  fruit  of  the  Spirit.  .  .  .  His  Sermons  on 
Industry  are  admirable  as  comprehending  a  very  valuable  mass 
of  weighty  and  important  motives  for  industry  in  general,  and  in 
our  callings  as  Christians,  scholars,  and  gentlemen.  It  is  a  book 
which  may  be  read  through  more  than  once  with  much  advantage ; 
almost  every  topic  relating  to  the  subject  seems  discussed,  and  al 
most  every  text  quoted,  but  we  see  not  evangelical  motives  fully 
developed.  ...  In  such  a  sermon  as  his  on  the  Passion,  we  are 
glad  to  sit  at  his  feet  and  learn  the  very  best  lessons." 

Robt  Hall,  in  his  Review  of  Gisborne's  Sermons,  refers 
to  the 

"  Extraordinary  merits  of  Barrow,  who  has  cultivated  Christian 
morals  with  so  universal  an  applause  of  the  English  public.  We 
admire,  as  much  as  it  is  possible  for  our  readers  to  admire,  the  rich 
invention,  the  masculine  sense,  the  exuberantly  copious,  yet  pre 
cise  and  energetic  diction,  which  distinguish  Barrow,  who,  by  a  rare 
felicity  of  genius,  united  in  himself  the  most  distinguishing  quali 
ties  of  the  mathematician  and  the  orator.  We  are  astonished  at 
perceiving  in  the  same  person,  and  in  the  same  composition,  the 
close  logic  of  Aristotle,  combined  with  the  amplifying  powers  of 
Plato." 

We  find  an  admirable  notice  of  Barrow  in  Dugald  Stew 
art's  Prelim.  Diss.  to  the  Encycl.  Britannica : 

"  Among  the  divines  who  appeared  at  this  era,  it  is  impossible  to 
pass  over  in  silence  the  name  of  Barrow,  whose  theological  works, 
(adorned  throughout  by  classical  erudition,  and  by  a  vigorous, 
though  unpolished,  eloquence,)  exhibit,  in  every  page,  marks  of  the 
same  inventive  genius  which  in  mathematics  has  secured  to  him 
a  rank  second  alone  to  that  of  Newton.  As  a  writer,  he  is  equally 
distinguished  by  the  redundancy  of  his  matter,  and  by  the  pregnant 
brevity  of  his  expression;  but  what  more  peculiarly  characterizes 
his  manner,  is  a  certain  air  of  powerful  and  of  conscious  facility 
in  the  execution  of  whatever  he  undertakes.  Whether  the  subject 
be  mathematical,  metaphysical,  or  theological,  he  always  seems  to 
bring  to  it  a  mind  which  feels  itself  superior  to  the  occasion ;  and 
which  in  contending  with  the  greatest  difficulties,  '  puts  forth  but 
half  its  strength.'" 

Professor  Playfair  lauds  our  author's 

"Lectures  on  Optics,  delivered  at  Cambridge  in  1668,  which 
treated  of  all  the  more  difficult  questions  which  had  occurred  in 
that  state  of  the  science,  with  the  acuteness  and  depth  which  are 
found  in  all  the  writings  of  that  geometer." 

"  No  man  that  reads  Dr.  Barrow  on  any  subject  which  he  has 
handled,  need  rack  his  invention  for  topics  upon  which  to  speak, 
or  for  arguments  to  make  these  topics  good." — DR.  WOTTON. 

"  He  pushes  his  inquiries  to  the  very  verge  or  confines  of  which 
they  are  capable  of  being  pushed ;  and  his  works  afford  a  sort  of 
logical  Encyclopedia.  He  had  the  clearest  head  with  which  ma 
thematics  ever  endowed  an  individual,  and  one  of  the  purest  and 
most  unsophisticated  hearts  that  ever  beat." 

"  Barrow's  Sermons  are  too  well  known  to  require  description. 
For  profundity  of  thought  and  fertility  of  invention,  for  bold  and 
majestic  language,  for  peculiar  beauty  and  propriety  of  description, 
for  great  strength  of  argument,  and  ingenious  and  sprightly  ex 
pression,  they  are  perhaps  unrivalled  in  the  English  language,  or 
in  any  other." 

"Dr.  Barrow's  Sermons  are  master-pieces  of  the  kind."— LOCKE. 

Bishop  Warburton  remarked  that  "  in  reading  Bacrow, 
he  was  obliged  to  think."  The  great  Earl  of  Chatham, 
when  in  early  life  qualifying  himself  for  public  speaking, 
read  Barrow's  Sermons  again  and  again,  till  he  could  recite 
many  of  them  memoriter.  He  recommended  his  son,  the 
younger  Pitt,  to  study  them  frequently  and  deeply.  It 
was  probably  the  example  of  these  great  men  which  caused 
the  late  Daniel  Webster,  one  of  the  most  prominent  of 
American  statesmen,  to  be  so  frequent  a  reader  of  these 
extraordinary  specimens  of  reasoning,  eloquence,  profun 
dity,  and  perspicuity;  combining  the  keenness  of  the 
132 


Damascus  blade  with  the  weight  of  the  Highland  clav  • 
more. 

We  do  not  wonder  that  infidelity  was  put  to  rout,  and 
the  enemy  abashed  by  the  public  exposure  of  the  worthless- 
ness  of  the  armour  wherein  he  trusted. 

"  In  Barrow  we  shall  remark  the  deliberate  species  of  eloquence 
existing  in  the  highest  force.  ...  If  we  look  for  a  manly  and  fer 
vid  eloquence,  for  a  mighty  and  sustained  power,  kept  under  con 
trol  by  the  severest  logic,  for  a  peculiar  quality  of  mastery  and 
vigour  to  which  all  tasks  appear  equally  easy,  we  may  point  with 
pride  to  the  writings  of  Barrow.  He  is  an  admirable  specimen  of 
a  class  of  men  who  fortunately  for  the  political,  the  literary,  and 
the  theological  glory  of  England,  have  adorned  her  two  great  seats 
of  learning,  Oxford  and  Cambridge,  at  almost  every  period  of  her 
history.  Possessed  of  vast,  solid,  and  diversified  learning,  with 
practice  and  experience  in  the  affairs  of  real  life  corrected  and  ren 
dered  philosophical  by  retirement  and  meditation,  with  the  intense 
and  concentrated  industry  of  the  monk,  guided  by  the  sense  of 
utility  of  the  man  of  the  world,  these  vigorous  scholars  seem  pe 
culiarly  adapted  by  Providence  to  become  firm  and  majestic  pillars 
of  such  an  ecclesiastical  establishment  as  the  Church  of  England. 
'  Blessed  is  she'  — we  may  venture  to  apply  the  words  of  Scripture 
—  '  for  she  has  her  quiver  full  of  them.'  "-Prof.  Shaw's  Outlines  of 
English  Literature. 

"  He  once  uttered  a  most  memorable  observation,  which  charac 
terizes  both  the  intellectual  and  moral  constitution  of  his  mind- 
would  that  it  could  be  engraven  on  the  mind  of  every  youth,  as 
his  guide  through  life — '  A  STRAIGHT  LINE  is  THE  SHORTEST  IN  MORALS 
AS  WELL  AS  IN  GEOMETRY.' " — Cleveland's  Comp.  of  Eng.  Lit. 

In  an  article  in  the  Quarterly  Review,  vol.  xxix.,  on 
Pulpit  Eloquence,  we  have  a  very  satisfactory  explanation 
of  the  exhaustive  character  of  Barrow's  Sermons,  which 
was  referred  to  by  Chas.  II.  when  he  called  him  an  "  unfair 
preacher." 

"At  the  Restoration,  men's  minds  were  weary  of  religious,  as 
well  as  civil,  turbulence;  the  country  had  been  so  long  distracted 
by  the  multiplicity  of  sects,  all  equally  fierce  and  intolerant,  that 
repose  was  the  prevailing  wish  of  almost  all  parties.  There  was 
wanted,  therefore,  a  writer,  who,  as  it  were,  once  for  all,  should  search 
every  question  to  the  bottom  with  laborious  impartiality ;  who 
should  lay  it  in  all  its  possible  bearings  before  the  understanding; 
who  should  not  merely  confute  every  error,  but  trace  it  to  its  ori 
gin,  and  detect  its  secret  operation  on  the  mind;  who  should,  in 
short,  exhaust  as  it  were,  theology.  Such  a  preacher  was  Barrow. 
Endowed  with  an  acuteness  which  could  penetrate  every  subject, 
with  a  nicety  and  precision  of  definition  more  nearly  approaching 
than  any  other  modern,  except  perhaps  Bacon,  to  Aristotle;  with 
a  copiousness  and  variety  of  language,  which  enabled  him  to  con 
vey  to  the  mind  with  the  utmost  perspicuity  the  most  minute  dif 
ferences  ;  Barrow  added  to  all  this  some  of  the  yet  unextinguished 
warmth  which  had  animated  his  predecessors,  and  is  occasionally 
glowing,  vehement,  impassioned." 

The  following  eloquent  eulogium  on  our  author  is  from 
the  same  able  periodical : 

"  Never  may  the  English  student  of  theology  be  weary  of  the 
study  of  Barrow !  The  greatest  man  of  our  church — the  express 
image  of  her  doctrines  and  spirit — the  model,  (we  do  not  hesitaiv 
to  say  it,)  without  a  fault — a  perfect  master  of  the  art  of  reasoning, 
yet  aware  of  the  limits  to  which  reason  should  be  confined,  now 
wielding  it  with  the  authority  of  an  angel,  and  now  again  stooping 
it  before  the  deep  things  of  God  with  the  humility  of  a  child- 
alike  removed  from  the  Puritan  of  his  own  generation,  and  the 
Rationalist  of  the  generation  which  succeeded  him — no  precisian, 
no  latitudinarian:  full  of  faith,  yet  free  from  superstition,  a  stead 
fast  believer  in  a  particular  Providence,  in  the  efficacy  of  human 
prayers,  in  the  active  influence  of  God's  Spirit,  but  without  one 
touch  of  the  visionary: — Conscious  of  the  deep  corruption  of  our 
nature,  though  still  thinking  he  could  discover  in  it  some  traces 
of  God's  image  in  ruins,  and  under  a  lively  sense  of  the  cons,*- 
quences  of  this  corruption,  casting  himself  altogether  upon  God's 
mercy  through  the  sufferings  of  a  Saviour  for  the  consummation 
of  <  that  day  which  he  desired  with  a  strong  desire  to  attain  unto, 
when,  his  mind  purged,  and  his  eye  clear,  he  should  be  permitted 
to  behold  and  understand  without  the  labour  and  intervention  of 
slow  and  successive  thought,  not  this  our  system  alone,  but  more 
and  more  excellent  things  than  this.' " 

We  have  devoted  more  space  than  we  intended  to  the 
works  of  this  great  man.  But  which  of  our  readers  will 
blame  us  ?  Exalted  as  is  our  theme,  it  stands  not  upon  its 
own  merits  alone.  Great  as  is  the  name  of  Barrow,  it  is 
as  but  one  of  the  lesser  genii  who  announces  the  corning 
of  one  far  mightier,  before  whom  all  subordinate  powers 
bow  in  lowly  reverence.  Barrow  was  the  most  conspicuous 
star  that  had  arisen  in  that  twilight  dawning  which  pre 
ceded  the  full  burst  of  a  new  day  of  scientific  truth ;  but 
as  the  brightest  star  must  pale  before  the  glory  of  the  sun 
when  he  "goeth  forth  in  his  strength,"  so  must  the  fame 
of  Barrow  give  place  to  the  mighty  name  of  NEWTON. 

In  imagination  we  are  carried  some  two  centuries  back, 
and  in  the  classical  halls  of  Trinity  College  we  behold,  in 
studious  converse,  a  tutor  who  softens  the  austerity  of  in 
struction  with  the  benignity  of  parental  interest,  and  a 
pale-faced  youth,  whose  ductile  mind  gladly  receives  those 
seeds  of  knowledge,  which,  by  the  richness  of  its  soil,  it  shall 
shortly  reproduce,  augmented  a  hundred  fold.  Yes !  here  is 
the  "  Isaac  Newton  of  our  college,"  as  Barrow  affectionately 
styles  him;— "peregregise  vir  indolis  ac  insignis  peritiae.' 
Thou  hast  read  him  well,  philosopher!  Thy  master  is 


BAR 

before  thee  in  that  modest  tyro,  who  now  drinks  in  every 
accent  of  thy  words  of  wisdom.  Thy  place  shall  be  given 
to  one  greater  than  thou ;  yet  shalt  thou  be  highly  exalted 
in  the  noble  office  of  making  known  to  a  perishing  world 
the  glad  tidings  of  eternal  life,  through  the  proclamation 
of  the  everlasting  gospel.  The  scholar  assumed  the  ma 
thematical  chair,  when  his  master,  who  had  resigned  it  in 
his  favour,  ascended  the  pulpit.  Between  such  men,  the 
idea  of  rivalry  is  out  of  place.  They  laboured  for  one 
end,  they  advanced  the  same  cause,  though  in  different 
departments  of  the  Master's  vineyard. 

The  distinguished  tutor  and  his  illustrious  pupil,  ISAAC 
NEWTON  and  ISAAC  BARROW,  the  philosopher-divine  and 
the  divine-philosopher,  the  one  from  the  scientific  chair, 
and  the  other  from  the  sacred  desk,  served  their  genera 
tion  as  chosen  expositors  of  the  ways  of  Providence  and 
the  revelation  of  His  word ;  and  their  recorded  teachings 
shall,  to  remotest  times  and  as  yet  unpeopled  regions,  de 
clare  the  "  wonderful  works  of  God  !" 

Barrow,  James.     A  Poem  on  the  Peace  between 
Great  Britain  and  France,  Lon.,  1802,  4to. 
Barrow,  John.    Visitation  Sermon,  1683,  4to. 
Barrow,   John.     New   Medicinal   Dictionary,   con 
taining  an  Explanation  of  all  the  Terms  used  in  Physic, 
Ac.,  Lon.,  1749,  8vo.     New  Essay  of  the  Practice  of  Phy 
sic,  Lon.,  1767. 

Barrow,  John.  Navigatio  Britannica,  or  a  complete 
System  of  Navigation  in  all  its  Branches,  Lon.,  1750,  4to. 
"  In  this  performance,  the  author,  from  a  few  self-evident  prin 
ciples,  and  in  a  methodical  and  perspicuous  manner,  leads  the 
learner,  as  it  were,  by  the  hand,  thro'  a  gradual  ascent,  till  he  be 
comes  a  complete  master  both  of  the  theory  and  practice  of  the 
whole  art." — Lon.  Monthly  Review. 

A  New  and  Universal  Dictionary  of  Arts  and  Sciences, 
Lon.,  1753,  folio.  A  Supplement,  1755,  fol.  A  Collection 
of  Authentic,  Useful,  and  Entertaining  Voyages  and 
Discoveries,  digested  in  a  Chronological  Series,  1675,  3 
vols.  12mo. ;  the  first  edit,  of  this  was  pub.  anonymously 
in  1756,  and  was  entitled  A  Chronological  Abridgement, 
or  History  of  Discoveries  made  by  Europeans  in  different 
parts  of  the  World.  The  2d  edit,  was  much  enlarged, 
and  succeeded  so  well  that  Targe  pub.  a  translation  in 
French,  in  the  next  year,  at  Paris,  in  12  vols. 

Barrow,  Sir  John,  1764-1848,  distinguished  him 
self  by  his  scientific  acquirements  and  his  valuable 
accounts  of  Travels  and  Voyages.  As  private  secretary 
to  Sir  George  Staunton,  who  accompanied  the  Earl  of 
Macartney  in  his  expedition  to  China,  and  as  under 
secretary  to  the  Admiralty,  he  enjoyed  peculiar  advantages 
for  personal  observation  and  access  to  the  recorded  expe 
rience  of  others.  Parry  and  Franklin  have  been  much 
indebted  to  the  suggestions  of  Sir  John  Barrow,  and  most 
of  the  scientific  expeditions  that  have  been  undertaken  by 
England  for  the  last  twenty  years  have  been  referred  to 
Sir  John  for  approval.  His  work  on  Cochin  China  has 
been  translated  (!)  into  French  by  Malte  Brun.  De 
Guignes  wrote  a  treatise  on  one  of  his  works,  entitled  Ob 
servations  sur  les  voyages  de  Barrow  a  la  Chine.  See 
Georgian  Era.  A  work  on  Mathematical  Drawing  Instru 
ments,  Lon.,  1790.  Account  of  Travels  into  the  Interior 
of  Southern  Africa  in  the  years  1797  and  1798,  Lon.,  4to, 
2  vols.,  1801-04;  2d  ed.,  1806. 

"  Very  few  writers  of  travels  have  possessed  such  a  variety  and 
extent  of  information,  both  political  and  scientific,  as  Mr.  Barrow ; 
hence  these  volumes  are  acceptable  and  instructive  to  all  classes 
of  readers,  and  have  attained  a  celebrity  not  greater  than  they  de 
serve." — STEVENSON. 

Travels  in  China,  4to,  Lon.  1804;  2d  edit,,  1806. 
"The  most  valuable  and  interesting  account  of  the  Chinese  na 
tion  that  has  been  yet  laid  before  the  public." — Edinburgh  Review 
A  Voyage  to  Cochin  China  in  the  years  1792  and  1793 
to  which  is  annexed  an  Account  of  a  Journey  made  in 
the  years  1801  and  1802  to  the  residence  of  the  Chief  of 
the  Booshuana  Nation,  4to,  Lon.,  1806. 

"  Perhaps  the  most  valuable  of  all  Mr.  Barrow's  travels,  as  i 
relates  to  a  country  not  previously  known,  except  by  the  accoun 
of  the  missionaries.  ...  In  1809,  a  pretended  French  translation 
by  Malte  Brun  appeared,  in  which  the  text  of  Barrow  was  com 
pletely  perverted  and  corrupted." — LOWNDES. 

Some  Account  of  the  Public  Life,  and  a  Selection  from 
the  unpublished  Writings,  of  the  Earl  of  Macartney,  Ac. 
2  vols.  4to,  Lon,  1807.  This  work  should  accompany 
Sir  George  Staunton's  account  of  his  Lordship's  embass1 
to  China. 

"  The  short  sketch  relating  to  Russia  contains  more  information 
than  is  to  be  met  with  in  many  4to  volumes." — Quarterly  Review 
Chronological  History  of  Voyages  into  the  Polar  Re 
gions,  Ac.,  8vo,  Lon.,  1818. 

"  His  most  elaborate  work  is  An  Historical  Account  of  Voyage 
Into  the  Arctic  Regions,  for  which  his  situation  as  under-secretary 


BAR 

o  the  Admiralty  and  his  own  extensive  geographical  information 
rell  fitted  him."—  Georgian  Era. 

Life  of  Lord  Howe,  Admiral  of  the  British  Fleet, 
hiefly  compiled  from  Original  and  unpublished  Docu 
ments,  8vo,  1838. 

"  An  admirable  piece  of  biography,  which  should  be  perused  by 
^/very  Englishman  glowing  with  the  love  of  his  country,  and  be 
>laced  in  the  hands  of  every  youth  destined  for  the  naval  profes- 
iion.  There  had  previously  been  no  even  tolerable  life  of  this 
great  hero  of  the  glorious  first  of  June.  The  new  materials  at 
the  disposal  of  Sir  John  Barrow,  consisted  of  Earl  Howe's  journal, 
during  all  the  time  his  flag  was  up— upwards  of  four  hundred  let 
ters  in  his  own  hand-writing,  and  many  addressed  to  him  by  royal 
and  official  persons,  as  well  as  by  his  private  friends ;  and,  as  may 
be  supposed,  the  author's  station  and  long  experience  as  Secretary 
of  the  Admiralty  have  opened  for  him  all  our  Government  depo 
sitories  and  qualified  him  to  make  an  excellent  use  of  whatever 
these  or  other  sources  afforded  him."— Lon.  Quarterly  Review. 

"We  conceive  that  this  work  is  calculated,  in  many  respects,  to 
do  more  good  as  a  manual  in  the  hands  of  our  rising  young  offi 
cers,  than  even  Southey's  Life  of  Nelson."— Edinburgh  Review. 

Life  of  Lord  Anson,  Admiral  of  the  British  Fleet,  in 
cluding  an  Outline,  of  his  Voyage  Round  the  World,  com 
piled  from  Official  Documents  and  the  Family  Papers, 
8vo,  Lon.,  1839. 

"  That  Anson's  Life  and  memorable  Voyages  should  be  illus 
trated  by  one  who  has  superintended  the  equipment  and  progress 
of  so  many  similar  undertakings,  is  every  way  fitting;  and  we 
therefore  congratulate  the  public  on  this  acceptable  publication. 
We  have  often  looked  anxiously  for  a  life  of  Anson;  particularly 
as  we  know  that  amongst  officers  of  the  navy,  this  blank  in  their 
professional  literature  was  much  lamented.  It  is  a  piece  of  good 
fortune  both  to  the  service  and  the  country,  that  the  task  has 
fallen  into  the  hands  of  one  so  pre-eminently  competent  as  well 
by  his  position  as  by  his  scientific  knowledge  and  literary  talents." 
— Edinburgh  Review. 

Dibdin  in  the  Library  Companion  remarks,  referring  to 
Anson,  "considering  what  he  saw,  and  what  he  accom 
plished,  it  is  to  be  regretted  that  we  are  not  in  possession 
of  a  more  perfect  record  of  his  achievements." 

This  work  is  exactly  what  was  required. 

Great  Britain,  France,  Russia,  America,  &c.,  and  on  the  manning 
and  health  of  the  navy,  is  a  very  important  document,  and  will  be 
read  with  immediate  and  infinite  interest."— Literary  Gazette. 

The  Life,  Voyages,  and  Exploits  of  Admiral  Sir  Francis 
Drake,  Knt.,  p.  400 ;  2d  edit,  abridged,  p.  200.  Reprinted 
in  Murray's  Colonial  Library.  Autobiographical  Memoir. 
Memoirs  of  Naval  Worthies.  Mutiny  of  the  Bounty. 
Sketches  of  the  Royal  Society  and  its  Club. 

Autobiography  of  Sir  John  Barrow,  Bart.,  late  of  the 
Admiralty,  8vo,  1847. 

"  Sir  John  Barrow  undertakes  his  task  in  a  manner  which  must 
set  every  reader  at  ease.  Possessing— not  idly  boasting— a  mens 
sana  in  corpore  sann — bearing  testimony,  throughout  his  narra 
tive,  to  the  honourable  and  healthy  influences  of  work,  and  to  the 
certainty  with  which  energy  and  self-improvement  will  advance 
the  fortunes  of  one  lowly  born — we  have  rarely  looked  into  a  re 
cord  of  eighty  years  which  chronicles  so  much  of  prosperity  and 
happiness.  Nor  can  we  forget  that  Sir  John  Barrow's  public  career 
lay  in  the  most  interesting  and  varied  hemisphere  of  the  official 
world.  In  short,  here  is  another  pleasant  English  book  to  be 
added  to  the  Englishman's  library."— Athenaeum. 

Barrow,  John,  Jr.,  son  of  the  preceding.  Excur 
sions  in  the  North  of  Europe,  Ac.,  8vo,  Lon.,  1835. 

"  If  the  work  were  less  meritorious  than  it  is,  we  should  still 
have  applauded  the  spirit  of  the  undertaking;  but,  in  fact,  thu 
execution  is  fully  equal  to  the  purpose,  and  we  have  seldom  read 
a  more  amusing  narrative.  Nothing  is  barren  to  this  inquisitive 
,and  candid  traveller." — Quarterly  Review. 

Visit  to  Iceland,  by  way  of  Tronyem,  in  the  summer  of 
1834,  Lon.,  8vo,  1835. 

"  We  found  Mr.  Barrow's  former  journal  (Excursion  to  the  North 
of  Europe)  so  pleasant,  and,  compared  with  the  writings  of  travel 
lers  on  the  beaten  hizh  road  of  the  Continent,  so  fresh,  that  we 
were  glad  to  receive  his  Visit  to  Iceland,  and  think  it  quite  as 
interesting,  and  fully  as  unaffected  in  style  as  its  predecessor. 
The  book  is.  on  the  whole,  a  manly  and  pleasant  one,  and  we  hope 
Mr.  Barrow  will  not  give  up  his  summer  rambles." — Lnn.Athenceum.. 
Tour  round  Ireland  in  the  Autumn  of  1835,  Lon.,  8vo, 
1836.  Tour  in  Austrian  Lombardy,  Bavaria,  Ac.,  p.  8vo, 
1840.  Memoir  of  his  Father,  Sir  John  Barrow. 

"  Mr.  Barrow's  volume  is  shrewd  and  lively :  his  eyes  are  sharp, 
and  what  he  sees  he  never  fails  to  place  in  a  clear  and  entertain 
ing  manner  before  us." — Lon.  Quar.  Rev. 

Barrow,  John  H.,  d.  1858.  1.  Mirror  of  Parlia 
ment.  2.  Emir  Maleck,  and  other  works.  For  many 
years  connected  with  the  London  press. 

Barrow,  S.    Religious  School-Books,  Lon.,  1812,  '13. 
Barrow,  William,  b.  about  1754,  d.  1836,  studied  at 
Queen's  College,  Oxford.     He  delivered  the  Bampton  Lec 
tures  for  1799 ;  when  published  in  a  volume,  they  met  with 
a  rapid  sale.     An  Essay  on  Education,  12mo,  Lon.,  1802. 
Two  large  editions  were  sold  in  a  few  years.     Sermons 
pub.  at  various  dates.     After  retiring  from  the  duties  of  a 
school,  of  which  he  had  charge  for  17  years, 
"  He  divided  his  time  between  his  books,  to  which  he  always  re- 

133 


BAR 


BAR 


tained  a  strong  attachment,  and  the  conversation  and  society  of 
his  friends,  to  whom  his  visits  were  always  acceptable ;  not  declin 
ing,  however,  to  give  gratuitous  assistance  to  his  clerical  friends  in 
the  duties  of  his  profession,  or  to  preach  occasional  sermons,  of 
which  many  were  published  at  the  request  of  the  audiences  to 
which  they  were  respectively  addressed." — Lon.  Gent.  Mag. 

The  Familiar  Sermons  on  several  of  the  Doctrines  and 
Duties  of  the  Christian  Religion,  (Lon.,  1818,)  were  pub. 
with  the  avowed  design  of  presenting  the  junior  clergy 
with  models  of  pulpit  composition. 

Barrowes,  or  Barrowe,  Henry,  a  Brownist,  was 
executed  at  Tyburn  with  John  Greenwood,  April  6,  1592, 
being  found  guilty  under  an  indictment  (statute  23  Eliz.) 
"  for  writing  and  publishing  sundry  seditious  books  and 
pamphlets  tending  to  the  slander  of  the  queen  and  govern 
ment."  See  Brook's  Lives  of  the  Puritans.  He  wrote 

I.  A  Brief  Discoverie  of  the  False  Church ;  as  is  the  Mother 
such  the  Daughter  is,  Lon.,  1590, 4to ;  containing  263  pages. 
Reprinted  in  1707.  2.  Platform,  which  may  serve  as  a  Pre 
parative  to  drive  away  Prelatism,  1593,  8vo.     A  copy  of 
this  rare  work  is  in  the  British  Museum. 

Barrs,  George.  Sketch  rel.  to  Church  of  Rowley 
Regis,  1813. 

Barry,  Lord  Yelverton.  Speech  in  House  of  Lords 
on  Union  between  Gr.  Britain  and  Ireland,  1800. 

Barry,  Earl  Farnham.  Exam,  of  a  Speech  by 
Lord  Minto,  &cv  1800. 

Barry,  Sir  David,  M.D.,  1780-1835.  Researches  on 
the  Influence  exercised  by  Atmospheric  Pressure  upon  the 
Progression  of  the  Blood  in  the  Veins,  upon  the  function 
called  Absorption,  and  upon  the  Prevention  and  Cure  of 
the  symptoms  caused  by  the  Bites  of  Rabid  or  Venomous 
Animals,  Lon.,  1826. 

"  Without  admitting  all  the  inferences  drawn  by  Dr.  Barry  upon 
this  subject,  the  work  must  be  allowed  to  be  very  important,  and 
to  display  great  ability  on  the  part  of  the  author.  It  excited  con 
siderable  interest  both  at  home  and  abroad." 

Barry,  Edward,  M.D.,  D.D.,  b.  about  1759,  d.  1822, 
studied  at  the  University  of  St.  Andrews.  He  pub.  a  num 
ber  of  works  on  medicine,  law,  divinity,  and  politics,  Lon., 
1783-1809. 

Barry,  Sir  Edward,  M.D.,  d.  1776,  studied  at  Ley- 
den,  under  Boerhaave.  Treatise  on  Consumption  of  the 
Lungs,  Dub.,  1726;  Lon.,  1727,  8vo.  On  Digestions,  Dis 
charges,  <fcc.,  Lon.,  1759.  Con.  to  Ed.  Med.  Ess.,  1732-44. 
On  the  Wines  of  the  Ancients,  Ac.,  Lon.,  1775. 

"  The  substance  of  this  work  will  be  found  in  Dr.  Alex.  Hender 
son's  History  of  Wines." — LOWNDES. 

But  Mr.  Lowndes  should  have  stated  that  Dr.  Barry's 
was  a  prior  publication.  Henderson's  History  was  pub. 
in  1824. 

Barry,  Garret.  Discourse  of  Military  Discipline  de- 
vided  into  three  Boockes,  Bruxelles,  1634,  sm.  fol. 

"  This  singular  and  extremely  curious  work  is  not  noticed  by 
Grose  in  his  history  of  the  English  Army." — LOWNDES. 

Barry*  George,  1747-1804,  was  minister  of  the  parish 
of  Shapinshay.  He  was  a  contributor  to  Sir  John  Sin 
clair's  Statistical  Account  of  Scotland,  Edin.,  1792-99,  8vo. 
He  devoted  several  years  to  collecting  materials  for  a  civil 
and  natural  history  of  the  67  Islands  of  Orkney,  and  in 
1805  pub.  The  History  of  the  Orkney  Islands,  &c.,  Edin. 
and  Lon.,  4to. 

"No  inconsiderable  interest  is  certainly  imparted  to  the  con 
tents  of  this  volume,  by  the  remoteness  of  the  Orkneys,  the  little 
intercourse  which  they  hold  with  the  central  parts  of  the  empire, 
the  incidents  of  a  foreign  population,  their  long  connection  with 
another  state,  their  subsequent  incorporation  with  the  crown  of 
Scotland,  and  the  differences  of  their  manners,  laws,  and  usages." 
— Lon.  Monthly  Review. 

Barry,  Girald,  usually  called  Giraldus  Cam- 
brensis,  or  Girald  of  Wales,  was  born  about  1146, 
and  is  supposed  to  have  died  about  the  year  1223.  His 
father,  William  de  Barri,  was  a  powerful  Norman  baron, 
his  mother  was  a  descendant  of  the  princes  of  South  Wales. 
His  education  was  completed  at  the  University  of  Paris, 
where  he  studied  for  three  years,  and  proved  his  natural 
genius  and  assiduity  in  study  by  his  famous  lectures  on 
rhetoric  and  polite  literature.  Returning  to  England  in 
1172,  he  entered  into  holy  orders,  and  obtained  several 
benefices  in  England  and  Wales.  Upon  the  death  of  his 
uncle,  David  Fitz-Gerald,  Bishop  of  St.  David's,  who  had 
directed  his  early  studies,  the  chapter  made  choice  of  Gi 
raldus  as  his  successor;  but  the  opposition  of  King  Henry 

II.  prevented  this  promotion.   Hereupon  Giraldus,  in  1176, 
returned  to  Paris,  and  renewed  his  studies  in  theology, 
and  in  the  civil  and  canon  law,  paying  especial  attention 
to  the  decretals,  or  papal  constitutions.     In  1180  he  again 
visited  England,  and  in  1185,  whilst  acting  as  secretary 
and  privy  counsellor  to  Prince  (afterwards  King)  John, 
who  was  at  this  time  in  Ireland,  he  commenced  collecting 

134 


the  materials  for  his  Topographia  Hiberniae,  which  he 
completed  in  1187.  In  this  year  he  read  this  work,  the 
three  books,  on  three  successive  days,  before  a  public  audi 
ence  at  Oxford.  Knowing  that  men  are  accessible  in  other 
ways  than  through  love  of  letters,  he  gave  sumptuous 
entertainments  one  day  to  the  poor  of  the  town,  the  second 
day  to  the  doctors  and  scholars  of  celebrity,  and  the  third 
day  to  the  scholars  of  lower  rank,  the  soldiers,  townsmen, 
and  burgesses. 

Giraldus  is  not  at  all  too  modest  to  inform  us  of  his  uni 
form  success  as  a  disputant,  and  of  the  marvellous  effects 
of  his  eloquence.  So  great  he  assures  us  was  the  latter, 
that  those  who  were  ignorant  of  the  Latin  or  French,  in 
which  he  addressed  them,  were  still  moved  to  tears  by  his 
orations  ! 

In  1198  Peter  de  Leia,  preferred  by  the  choice  of  Henry  II. 
to  the  bishopric  of  St.  David's,  in  place  of  Giraldus,  was 
removed  by  death,  and  again  Giraldus  was  elected,  but  the 
Archbishop  of  Canterbury  refused  to  accept  the  nomina 
tion.  The  chapter  again  elected  him,  and  Giraldus  visited 
Rome  to  plead  on  their  behalf.  The  pope  decided  against 
the  bishop-elect  in  1203,  and  Geoffrey  de  Henlawe  was 
elected  Bishop  of  St.  David's.  Thus  disappointed,  he  re 
nounced  all  ambitious  hopes,  and  devoted  himself  to  lite 
rary  composition.  When  overtures  were  made  to  him  in 
1215  to  accept  of  the  again  vacant  see  of  St.  David's,  he 
judged  it  best  under  the  circumstances  of  the  case  to  de 
cline  all  advances.  He  finished  two  of  his  most  important 
works,  De  Principis  Instructione,  and  the  Speculum  Eccle- 
sise,in  1210,  in  which  year  he  also  revised  a  second  edition 
of  the  dialogues  of  the  church  of  St.  David's.  Tanner 
quotes  a  document  which  states  that  in  1223  the  church 
of  Chesterton  in  Oxfordshire  was  vacant  "by  the  death 
of  Master  G.  de  Barri,"  from  which  we  presume  this  to 
have  been  the  date  of  his  death.  Giraldus  was  undoubt 
edly  one  of  the  brightest  ornaments  of  his  age. 

"  Noble  in  his  birth,  and  comely  in  his  person ;  mild  in  his  man 
ners,  and  affable  in  his  conversation ;  zealous,  active,  and  un 
daunted  in  maintaining  the  rights  and  dignities  of  his  church ; 
moral  in  his  character,  and  orthodox  in  his  principles;  charitable 
and  disinterested,  though  ambitious;  learned,  though  supersti 
tious  :  such  was  Giraldus.  And,  in  whatever  point  of  view  we  exa 
mine  the  character  of  this  extraordinary  man,  whether  as  a  scho 
lar,  a  patriot,  or  a  divine,  we  may  justly  consider  him  as  one  of 
the  brightest  luminaries  that  adorned  the  annals  of  the  twelfth 
century." 

So  writes  Sir  Richard  Colt  Hoare,  who,  in  1806,  pub.  in 
two  splendid  quarto  volumes,  the  Itinerary  of  Archbishop 
Baldwin  through  Wales,  A.  D.  1188,  by  Giraldus  de  Barri ; 
translated  into  English,  and  illustrated  with  views,  anno 
tations,  and  a  life  of  Giraldus. 

Giraldus  was  a  voluminous  author :  his  own  list  con 
sists  of 

1.  The  Chronography  and  Cosmography  in  Latin  hexa 
meters  and  pentameters.  Not  known  to  be  in  existence. 
2.  The  Topographia  Hiberniae,  in  3  books,  printed  Franc- 
fort,  1602,  and  in  Holinshed.  3.  The  Expugnatio  Hiber 
niae,  sive  Historia  Vaticinalis ;  an  Account  of  the  Norman 
Conquest  of  Ireland,  being  a  sequel  to  the  preceding  work. 

"  The  many  invectives  contained  in  it  against  Ireland,  and  the 
natives  of  it,  the  fables  with  which  it  abounded,  and  the  gross 
errors  through  the  whole,  alarmed  many  of  the  Irish,  and  set  their 
pens  a-going." 

Archbishop  Usher's  opinion  is  highly  favourable : 

"  Virum  Antiquitatum,  non  Hiberniae  solum  suae,  sed  aliarum 
etiam  gentium  scientissimum." 

4.  Legends  of  Saints.  Some  of  these  lives  have  been 
printed  in  Wharton's  Anglia  Sacra.  5.  The  Life  of  Geof 
frey,  Archbishop  of  York.  Printed  by  Wharton.  Com 
piled  in  1193.  6.  Symbolum  Electorum.  Not  printed. 
7.  Liber  Invectionum.  8.  Speculum  duorum  commonitorum 
et  consolatorium.  Both  of  these  books  are  supposed  to  be  lost. 
9.  Gemma  Eeclesiastica.  10.  The  Itinerary  of  Cambria. 
11.  The  Topographia  Cambrise,  in  2  books.  The  1st  only 
was  printed  in  the  earliest  editions.  The  2d  was  first 
printed  in  the  Anglia  Sacra.  12.  De  Fidei  Fructu  fideli- 
que  Defectu;  which  is  lost.  13.  De  Principis  Instruc 
tione.  14.  De  Gestis  Giraldi  Laboriosis.  15.  De  Jure  et 
Statu  Menevensis  ecclesiae. 

The  above  (from  Wright's  Biog.  Brit.  Lit.)  complete 
Giraldus's  own  list;  but  the  Speculum  Ecclesice,  one  of  his 
latest  and  most  remarkable  productions,  must  be  added. 

Barry,  J.  M.,  M.D.    The  Cow-Pox,  Cork,  1800. 

Barry,  James,  Lord  of  Santry,  1598-1673.  The 
Case  of  Tenures,  <fcc.,  Dubl.,  1637,  fol.;  repr.  1725,  12mo. 

Barry,  James,  1741-1806,  a  distinguished  painter, 
b.  at  Cork.  He  pub.  a  number  of  profess,  works,  1775- 
98,  which  were  collected  and  pub.  in  2  vols.  4to,  1809, 
Lon. ;  Life  prefixed.  In  early  life  Barry  was  enabled  to 
study  his  art  in  Italy,  through  the  bounty  of  that  orna- 


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ment  to  human  nature,  Edmund  Burke.    See  Barry's  Let 
ters  to  Burke,  in  the  "  Correspondence"  of  the  latter. 

Barry,  M.  J.,  and  W.  Keogh.  A  Treatise  on  the 
Practice  of  the  High  Court  of  Chancery  in  Ireland,  Dubl., 
1841,  8vo. 

"  It  is  the  condensation  of  the  works  of  Daniell,  Mitford,  Story, 
Harrison,  and  Hare  upon  the  subject  of  Equity  Pleading  and 
Practice  adapted  to  the  Irish  Equity  Rules  and  Decisions.  Ihe 
authors  have  written  their  work  with  a  constant  reference  to  the 
best  authorities ;  and  it  will  be  consulted  with  advantage  by  every 
Equity  lawyer." — Marvin's  Legal  Bibl. 

Barry,  Thos.     Monsipi  Indians,  1797-1800. 

Barry,  Thos.  de,  a  Scottish  poet,  flourished  about 
1390.  He  was  a  canon  of  Glasgow,  and  the  first  provost 
of  Bothwell.  He  was  the  author  of  a  Latin  poem  in  ho 
nour  of  the  battle  of  Otterbourne.  See  Extracts  in  For- 
iun's  Scoti-Chronicon,  by  Bower,  lib.  xiv.  cap.  54. 

"  Of  the  leonine  kind,  and  sufficiently  barbarous." — DR.  IRVING. 

Barston,  John.     Safeguarde  of  Societie,  Lon.,  1576. 

Bin  tell,  Ed.,  Jr.  Town  of  Cromer,  1800.  Hints,  1804. 

Barter,  Charles.     Sermon,  1806. 

Barthlet,  J.  Pedegrewe  of  Pop.  Heretiques,  Lon.,  1566. 

Bartholomaeus,  Bishop  of  Exeter,  d.  about  1187,  is 
honourably  mentioned  by  Giraldus  Cambrensis  as  one  of 
the  great  luminaries  of  his  country.  His  best-known  work 
is  a  Penitential :  a  compilation  from  similar  works,  and 
the  canons  and  constitutions  of  the  Church.  Among  his 
other  works  were  Dialogues  against  the  Jews,  (in  MS.  in 
the  Bodleian  Library,)  and,  according  to  Leland,  a  treatise 
De  Praedestinatione  et  Libero  Arbitrio.  Bale  and  Pits 
ascribe  several  other  works  to  this  author.  See  Bale, 
Pits,  and  Biog.  Brit.  Lit. 

Bartholomaeus  Anglicus,  or  Glanvil,  flourished 
about  1360.  He  was  of  the  family  of  the  Earls  of  Suffolk, 
and  by  profession  a  Franciscan  monk.  He  pursued  his 
studies  at  Oxford,  Paris,  and  Rome,  paying  especial  atten 
tion  to  the  writings  of  Aristotle,  Plato,  and  Pliny.  The 
result  of  his  learned  investigations  (besides  articles  of  less 
note)  was  his  celebrated  work  in  Latin,  De  Proprietatibus 
Rerum,  which  is  composed  of  19  dissertations,  upon  the 
Supreme  Being,  angels,  devils,  the  soul,  the  body,  animals, 
&c.  In  some  copies  there  is  an  additional  book  not  of  his 
composition.  Glanvil  was  largely  indebted  to  the  Specu 
lum  Naturale  of  Beauvais.  This  work  was  very  popular, 
and  translations  were  made  into  the  English,  French, 
Dutch,  and  Spanish  languages.  For  an  account  of  the 
various  editions  and  for  other  works  of  this  author,  see 
Bale,  Tanner,  Brunei,  Watt,  Lowndes,  Ac.  John  Trevisa's 
translation  into  English  is  the  most  splendid  production  of 
the  press  of  Wynkyn  de  Worde,  (sine  anno.}  A  copy  was 
sold  at  the  White  Knight's  sale  (1778)  for  £53  11*. ;  Al- 
chorne,  (158,)  imperfect,  £13  13s. ;  Roxburghe,  (1569,)  two 
leaves  wanting,  £70  7*.  The  next  edition  was  printed  in 
1535,  fol.,  and  the  3d  and  last  ed.  in  1582,  fol. 

Bartholomew,  Mrs.  Annie  E.,  b.  at  Sodon,  Nor 
folk,  Eng.,  during  the  early  part  of  the  present  century. 
The  Songs  of  Azrael :  a  vol.  of  Poems.  The  Ring,  or  the 
Farmer's  Daughter;  a  Play,  1829.  It's  Only  My  Aunt; 
a  Farce,  1849. 

^Bartholomew,  John.  Fall  of  the  French  Monarchy, 

Bartholomew,  Wm.  Sermon  on  Proclaiming  King 
Charles  II.,  Luke  xi.  21,  22,  1660,  4to. 

Bartlet,  Richard.     Serm.,  John  xii.  13,  Lon.,  1655. 

Bartlet,  Wm.     Congregational  Way,  Lon.,  1647. 

Bartlet,  Wm.     Sermons,  1714-18. 

Bartlet,  William  S.,  A.M.,  b.  1809,  at  Newburyport, 
Mass.,  Rector  of  St.  Luke's  Church,  Chelsea,  Mass.  The 
Frontier  Missionary :  a  Memoir  of  the  Life  of  the  Rev. 
Jacob  Bailey,  A.M.,  forming  the  2d  vol.  of  the  collections 
of  the  Prot.  Epis.  Hist.  Soc.,  Bost.,  1853,  Svo.  Highly 
commended  in  the  Chris.  Exam.,  N.  Amer.  Rev.,  &c. 

Bartlett,  Benj.,  1714-1787,  a  writer  on  numismatics 
and  topography.  The  Episcopal  Coins  of  Durham  and 
the  Monastic  Coins  of  Reading,  minted  during  the  Reigns 
of  Edward  I.,  II.,  and  III.,  appropriated  to  their  respec 
tive  owners  j  Archaeol.,  v.  335,  1779.  On  the  Episcopal 
Coins  of  Durham,  Newcastle,  1817 :  105  copies  printed. 
Episcopal  Coins  of  Durham  and  Monastic  Coins  of  Read 
ing  ;  Darlington.  Manduessedum  Romanorum,  [Manches 
ter,]  Lon.,  1791.  This  is  the  first  portion  of  the  continua 
tion  of  the  Biblioth.  Topog.  Brit.  Mr.  Bartlett  formed  a 
valuable  collection  of  coins,  &c 

Bartlett,  David  W.,  b.  1828.  What  I  Saw  in  Lon 
don.  Life  of  Lady  Jane  Grey.  Life  of  Frank  Pierce 
Pen-Portraits  of  Modern  Agitators,  Ac. 

Bartlett,  Elisha,  M.D.,  1805-1855,  b.  Smithfield, 
K.I. ;  grad.  Med.  Dept.  Brown  Univ.,  1826 ;  Prof,  in  Dart- 


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mouth  Coll.,  1839  j  Transylvania  Univ.,  Ky.,  1841  j  Univ. 
Md.,  1844,  and  again  at  Trans.  Univ.,  1846 ;  Louisville  in 
1849  j  in  Univ.  of  New  York,  1850  j  and  in  1851  in  the 
N.Y.  Coll.  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  which  position  he 
held  until  his  death.  1.  Inquiry 'in to  the  Certainty  of 
Medicines.  2.  Philosophy  of  Medicines,  Svo.  3.  Fevers 
of  the  U.S.,  Svo ;  other  medical  works.  4.  A  vol.  of  Poems 
entitled  Simple  Settings  in  Verse  for  Portraits  and  Pic 
tures  from  Mr.  Dickens's  Gallery,  1855. 

Bartlett,  J.  Diseases  of  Horses,  &c.,  Lon.,  1754,  '58,  '64. 

Bartlett,  John.  A  Collection  of  Familiar  Quota 
tions,  Cambridge,  Mass.,  1855;  3d  ed.,  with  Supp.,  1858, 
12mo. 

Bartlett,  John  Russell,  b.  Oct.  23,  1805,  at  Provi 
dence,  R.I.,  a  merchant;  from  1850-53,  Commissioner  on 
the  part  of  the  U.S.  for  running  the  Mexican  boundary- 
line.  Progress  of  Ethnology:  an  Account  of  Recent 
Archaeological,  Philological,  and  Geographical  Researches 
tending  to  elucidate  the  Physical  History  of  Man,  N.Y., 

1847,  Svo.     Reminiscences  of  Albert  Gallatin,  N.Y.,  1849. 
Dictionary  of  Americanisms :  a  Glossary  of  Words  and 
Phrases  usually  regarded  as  peculiar  to  the  United  States, 
N.Y.,  1848,  8vo,  pp.  412 ;  new  ed.,  1858.     Personal  Nar 
rative   of  Explorations    and   Incidents    in    Texas,    New 
Mexico,    California,    Sonora,    and   Chihuahua,   connected 
with  the  United  States  and  Mexican  Boundary  Commission 
in  the  Years  1850,  '51,  '52,  '53,  N.Y.,  1854,  2  vols.  Svo. 

"  This  work  of  Mr.  Bartlett  is  replete  with  interest  from  the 
manner  in  which  he  has  jotted  down  his  observations.  The  style 
is  simple  and  unpretending,  and  all  the  more  graphic  and  attractive 
on  that  account.  The  incidents — many  exciting,  some  amusing, 
others  humorous,  and  all  entertaining — evidently  were  recorded 
while  they  were  fresh  in  the  mind  of  the  author ;  and  in  the  same 
fresh  way  they  will  reach  the  mind  of  the  reader." — N.Y.  Knicker 
bocker,  July,  1854. 

Official  Despatches  and  Correspondence  connected  with 
the  United  States  and  Mexican  Boundary  Commission, — 
Senate  Document -No.  119,  31st  Congress,  1st  Session. 

Bartlett,  Joseph,  1763-1827,  grad.  at  Harvard, 
1782.  In  1799  he  delivered  a  poem  on  Physiognomy  be 
fore  the  Phi  Beta  Kappa  Soc.  of  Harvard.  An  ed.  of  his 
poems  was  pub.  at  Boston,  1823,  and  dedicated  to  John 
Quincy  Adams ;  appended  to  which  were  a  number  of 
Aphorisms  on  Men,  Manners,  Principles,  and  Things. 

Bartlett,  Josiah,  M.D.,  1759-1820,  b.  in  Charles- 
town,  Mass.  Progress  of  Medical  Science  in  Mass.,  1810. 
History  of  Charlestown,  1814.  Address  to  Free  Masons, 
1797.  Oration  on  Death  of  Dr.  John  Warren,  1815. 

Bartlett,  William  Henry,  1809-1854,  a  native  of 
Kentish  Town,  the  most  eminent  pupil  educated  by  John 
Britton,  the  architectural  antiquary,  travelled  extensively 
through  Europe,  Asia,  Africa,  and  America,  and  gave 
many  graphic  illustrations  of  the  results  of  his  investiga 
tions.  In  addition  to  nearly  one  thousand  miscellaneous 
plates  engraved  from  his  drawings  made  in  Switzerland, 
Scotland,  Ac.,  he  pub.  the  following  volumes.  1.  American 
Scenery,  Lon.,  1840,  2  vols.  4to :  literary  department  by 
N.  P.  Willis.  2.  Beauties  of  the  Bosphorus,  1840,  4to : 
descriptions  by  Miss  Pardoe.  3.  Scenery  and  Antiquities 
of  Ireland,  1842,  2  vols.  4to  :  the  literary  portion  by  N.  P. 
Willis.  4.  Walks  in  and  about  Jerusalem,  1845,  r.  8vo  ; 
4th  ed.,  1852,  r.  Svo.  5.  Topography  of  Jerusalem,  1845. 
6.  Forty  Days  in  the  Desert :  Cairo  to  Mount  Sinai, 

1848,  r.  Svo;  5th  ed.,  1853,  r.  Svo.     7.  The  Nile  Boat;  or, 
Glimpses  of  the  Land  of  Egypt,  1849,  sup.  r.  Svo;  2d  ed., 
1852,  sup.  r.  Svo.     8.  Pictorial  Gleanings  on  the  Overland 
Route,  1850,  r.  Svo ;   2d  ed.,  1851,  r.  Svo.     9.  Scriptural 
Sites  and  Scenes,  1851,  p.  Svo.     10.  Footsteps  of  our  Lord 
and  his  Apostles,  1851,  r.  Svo;  4th  ed.,  1856,  r.  Svo.     11. 
Pictures    from   Sicily,    1852,   r.   Svo.      12.    The   Pilgrim 
Fathers,    1853,   r.   Svo.     13.   Jerusalem   Revisited,    1854, 
r.  Svo.     See  A  Brief  Memoir  of  the  late  William  Henry 
Bartlett,  by  William  Beattie,  M.D.,  author  of  Switzerland 
Illustrated,   &c.,  [and  the  friend  and  fellow-traveller  of 
Mr.  Bartlett,]  1855,  sm.  4to,  pp.  52.     See  a  review  of  this 
volume  in  Lon.  Gent.  Mag.,  Nov.  1855,  511,  and  a  bio 
graphical  notice  of  Mr.  Bartlett  in  the  same  periodical, 
Feb.  1855,  212.     See  also  BEATTIE,  WILLIAM,  M.D. 

Bartlett,  Wm.  H.  C.,  b.  1804,  Lancaster  co.,  Penna, 
Elementary  Treatise  on  Optics,  1839,  Svo.  Treatise  on 
Synthetic  Mechanics,  in  Elements  of  Nat.  Phil. ;  2d  ed., 
1851.  Analytical  Mechanics;  2d  ed.,  1854.  Treatise  on 
Acoustics  and  Optics,  1852,  Svo.  Treatise  on  Spherical 
Astronomy,  1855,  Svo.  Contrib.  Silliman's  Journal,  Phi 
losophical  Society  of  Phila.,  &c. 

Bartley,  Neh.  Conversion  of  Pasture  Lands  into 
Tillage,  <fcc.,  Lon..  1802,  Svo.  Letters  on  Clothing  Wool, 
1802,  Svo. 

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Hartley,  O.  W.  Vaccination,  Bristol,  1810.  A 
Treatise  on  Forensic  Medicine,  Bristol,  1815. 

Bartol,  Cyrus  Augustus,  b.  1813,  Freeport,  Maine; 
grad.  Bowdoin  Coll.,  1832 ;  at  Harvard  Divinity  School, 
1835.  1.  Sermons  on  the  Christian  Spirit  and  Life,  12mo. 
2.  Sermons  on  the  Christian  Body  and  Form,  12mo.  3. 
Pictures  of  Europe,  12mo:  see  Lon.  Athenaeum,  No.  1473, 
Jan.  19,  1856.  4.  West  Church  and  its  Ministers.  5. 
Church  and  Congregations  :  a  Plea  for  their  Unity,  1858  : 
see  N.  A.  Rev.,  July,  1858.  6.  Grains  of  Gold  :  a  Selection 
from  his  writings.  Contrib.  to  Chris.  Exam.,  N.  A.  Rev.,  &c. 

Barton.     Italian  Grammar,  Lon.,  1719. 

Barton,  Benjamin  Smith,  M.D.,  1766-1815,  an 
eminent  physician,  botanist,  and  philologist,  was  the  son 
of  the  Rev.  Thomas  Barton,  an  Episcopal  minister,  a  native 
of  Ireland,  who  emigrated  to  America  and  in  1753  married 
at  Philadelphia  a  sister  of  Mr.  David  Rittenhouse.  The 
subject  of  our  memoir  was  born  at  Lancaster,  Pennsylvania. 
He  pursued  his  studies  for  some  years  in  New  York  and 
Philadelphia,-  and  in  1786  went  to  Edinburgh,  where  for 
about  two  years  he  enjoyed  the  great  advantage  of  hear 
ing  the  lectures  of  Professors  Walker,  Gregory,  Black,  and 
Home.  He  obtained  his  medical  degree  at  Gottingen.  In 
1789  he  returned  to  Philadelphia,  and  in  the  same  year 
was  appointed  professor  of  Natural  History  and  Botany 
in  the  College  of  Philadelphia,  and  continued  to  occupy 
the  chair,  when,  in  1791,  the  college  was  incorporated  with 
the  University  of  Pennsylvania.  He  continued  his  con 
nection  with  this  institution  until  his  death  in  1815.  In 
1795  he  succeeded  Dr.  Griffith  in  the  chair  of  Materia 
Medica;  and  upon  the  death  of  Dr.  Rush  in  1813,  he  was 
appointed  his  successor  in  the  chair  of  the  practice  of 
Physic,  which  he  held  in  conjunction  with  that  of  Botany 
and  Natural  History,  during  his  life.  In  1809  he  was 
elected  President  of  the  Phila.  Medical  Society.  In  1797 
he  married  a  daughter  of  Edward  Penington,  Esq.,  an 
eminent  citizen  of  Philadelphia,  by  whom  he  had  one  son 
and  a  daughter. 

Edward  Penington  was  a  descendant  of  the  celebrated 
Isaac  Penington  of  London,  whose  father  was  lord  mayor 
in  1642.  (See  PENINGTON,  ISAAC,  in  this  volume.)  His 
family  at  the  present  day,  (1854,)  after  the  lapse  of  two 
centuries,  is  one  of  the  first  in  America.  From  John  Pen 
ington,  Esq.,  of  Philadelphia,  (grandson  to  the  father-in- 
law  of  Dr.  Barton,)  well  known  for  his  erudition  and  lite 
rary  taste,  we  learn  that  the  subject  of  our  memoir  was 
taught  to  draw  by  Major  Andre,  at  the  time  a  prisoner 
of  war  in  Lancaster.  See  PENINGTON,  JOHN. 

Dr.  Barton  united  untiring  industry  with  great  natural 
talents,  a  warm  zeal  in  scientific  investigation,  and  un 
common  attainments  in  many  branches  of  knowledge. 
At  the  age  of  16,  Barton  composed  an  Essay  on  the  Vices 
of  the  Times.  Thus  early  did  he  assume  the  position  of 
a  teacher ! 

Observations  on  some  parts  of  Natural  History,  to  which 
is  prefixed  an  account  of  several  remarkable  vestiges  of 
an  ancient  date,  which  have  been  discovered  in  different 
parts  of  North  America.  Part  L,  Lon.,  1787,  8vo,  Dilly. 
This  was  pub.,  it  will  be  noticed,  whilst  the  author  was 
resident  in  London.  It  was  not  continued.  It  relates  to  an 
tiquities,  giving  an  account  of  the  Indian  ruins  in  the  Mus- 
kingum,  with  some  remarks  on  the  first  peopling  of  America. 
"  A  prefixed  advertisement  to  this  work  informs  us  that  it  is  the 
production  of  a  very  young  man.  written  chiefly  as  a  recreation 
from  the  laborious  studies  of  medicine.  It  is,  however,  a  curious 
tract;  we  have  here  only  the  first  part;  the  other  three,  which 
will  complete  the  work,  are  to  be  published  in  a  few  months." — 
Lon.  Monthly  Review. 

Papers  relative  to  certain  American  Antiquities,  Phil., 
1796,  4to.  Collections  for  an  Essay  towards  a  Materia 
Medica  of  the  United  States,  Phila.,  1798,  8vo.  Frag 
ments  of  the  Natural  History  of  Pennsylvania,  Part  I, 
Phila.,  1800,  fol.  Memoir  concerning  the  Fascinating 
Faculty  ascribed  to  the  Rattle  Snake,  Phila.,  1796,  8vo. 
Printed  only  for  private  distribution.  Supplement  to  ditto. 
Some  account  of  the  Siren  Lacertina,  and  other  species  of 
the  same  genus  of  Amphibious  Animals  :  in  a  letter  to  Mr. 
J.  G.  Schneider  of  Saxony.  50  copies  printed  in  1808. 
Reprinted  1821.  Elements  of  Botany,  Phila.,  1803  j  Lon., 
1804,  R.  8vo.  Contributions  to  Trans.  Amer.  Phil.  Soc., 
1793-99  ;  to  Nic.  Jour.,  1805-12.  In  1805  he  commenced 
the  Med.  and  Physical  Journal,  to  which  he  contributed 
many  articles  of  value.  For  further  information  respect 
ing  Dr.  Barton  and  his  works,  see  Biog.  Sketch  by  his 
nephew,  W.  P.  C.  Barton,  M.D.,  etc. ;  Rose's  Biog.  Diet., 
and  Th a cher's  Med.  Biog. 

Barton,  Bernard,  1784-1849,  often  called  THE 
QUAKER  POET,  was  born  in  the  vicinity  of  London.  In 


j  1810  he  obtained  a  clerkship  in  the  Messrs.  Alexander's 
bank  at  Woodbridge,  which  situation  he  held  for  the  rest 
of  his  life.  At  one  time  he  thought  of  resigning  his  post 
and  devoting  himself  entirely  to  literature ;  but  his  friend 
Charles  Lamb  interposed  a  timely  remonstrance. 

Mr.  Barton's  first  volume  of  poems  was  pub.  in  1811. 
He  wrote  much, — his  poems  filling  eight  or  nine  volumes. 
His  Household  Verses,  a  collection  of  his  fugitive  pieces, 
pub.  in  1845,  "contain  more  of  his  personal  feelings  than 
perhaps  any  previous  work  of  his  pen."  Mr.  Barton  was 
remarkable  for  great  amiability  of  manners,  extensive  in 
formation,  and  a  refined  taste  in  the  arts.  Of  the  English 
drama  his  knowledge,  as  may  be  supposed,  was  limited : 

"  I  am  amused  with  your  knowledge  of  our  drama  being  con 
fined  to  Shakspeare  and  Miss  Baillie.  What  a  world  of  fine  terri 
tory  between  Land's  End  and  Johnny  Groat's  have  you  missed 
traversing !  I  could  almost  envy  you  to  have  so  much  to  read.  .  . 
Oh,  to  forget  Fielding,  Steele,  &c.,  and  read  'em  new .'" — Charlet 
Lamb  to  B.  B.,  Dec.  1822. 

Lord  Byron  thought  highly  of  Barton's  poetical  talents, 
but  did  not  hesitate  to  proffer  the  same  advice  which  Lamb 
had  given : 

"  I  think  more  highly  of  your  poetical  talents  than  it  would 
perhaps  gratify  you  to  have  expressed ;  for  I  believe,  from  what  I 
observe  of  your  mind,  that  you  are  above  flattery.  To  come 
to  the  point,  you  deserve  success ;  but  we  knew  before  Addison 
wrote  his  Cato,  that  desert  does  not  always  command  it.  But  sup 
pose  it  attained, 

« You  know  what  ills  the  author's  life  assail, 
Toil,  envy,  want,  the  patron,  and  the  jail.' 

Do  not  renounce  writing,  but  never  trust  entirely  to  authorship." — 
Byron  to  Barton,  June,  1812. 

"  I  have  read  your  poems  with  much  pleasure,  those  with  most 
which  speak  most  of  your  own  feelings." — R.  Southey  to  Barton, 
Dec.  1814. 

In  1820  Mr.  Barton  requested  Southey's  opinion  whether 
the  Society  of  Friends  were  likely  to  be  offended  at  his 
publishing  a  volume  of  poems.  We  give  a  short  extract 
from  Southey's  reply : 

"  I  know  one,  a  man  deservedly  respected  by  all  who  know  him, 
(Charles  Lloyd  the  elder,  of  Birmingham,)  who  has  amused  his  old 
age  by  translating  Horace  and  Homer.  He  is  looked  up  to  in  the 
society,  and  would  not  have  printed  these  translations  if  he  had 
thought  it  likely  to  give  offence.  Judging,  however,  from  the 
spirit  of  the  age,  as  affecting  your  society,  like  every  thing  else,  I 
should  think  they  would  be  gratified  by  the  appearance  of  a  poet 
among  them  who  confines  himself  within  the  limits  of  their  gene 
ral  principles.  .  .  .  They  will  not  like  virtuous  feeling  and  reli 
gious  principle  the  worse  for  being  conveyed  in  good  verse.  If 
poetry  in  itself  were  unlawful,  the  Bible  must  be  a  prohibited 
book."  (See  an  amusing  letter  of  Barton's  to  Southey,  respect 
ing  the  fitness  of  the  latter  to  be  the  biographer  of  George  Fox.) 

The  volume  appeared,  and  was  highly  commended  : 

"  The  staple  of  the  whole  poem  is  description  and  meditation, — 
description  of  quiet  home  scenery,  sweetly  and  feelingly  wrought 
out;  and  meditation,  overshadowed  with  tenderness, -and  exalted 
by  devotion, — but  all  terminating  in  soothing,  and  even  cheerful, 
views  of  the  condition  and  prospects  of  mortality." — Edin.  Rev. 

Wilson  reviews  Barton  in  vol.  xii.  of  Blackwood : 

"  He  possesses  much  sensibility,  and  his  mind  has  a  strong  tinge 
of  poetry.  Every  now  and  then  he  surprises  us  with  glimpses  of 
something  infinitely  better  than  the  general  tone  of  his  concep 
tions." 

"  If  we  cannot  compliment  Mr.  Barton  on  being  naturally  a 
great  poet,  he  possesses  feeling,  has  long  studied  his  art,  and  has 
attained  to  a  point  of  merit  which  we  did  not  anticipate." — Lon. 
Monthly  Review,  1820. 

"  There  is  in  Barton's  poems  a  higher  beauty  than  the  beauty 
of  ingenuity,  and  something  of  more  worth  than  the  exquisiteness 
of  workmanship.  His  works  are  full  of  passages  of  natural  ten 
derness,  and  his  religious  poems,  though  animated  with  a  warmth 
of  devotion,  are  still  expressed  with  that  subdued  propriety  of 
language,  which  evinces  at  once  a  correctness  of  taste  and  feeling." 
— Lon.  Gent.  Mag. 

"  A  man  of  a  fine  and  cultivated,  rather  than  of  a  bold  and  ori 
ginal,  mind." — LORD  JEFFREY. 

The  Widow's  Tale,  and  other  Poems. 

"We  should  always  rejoice  to  see  this  volume  on  any  table."— 
Lon.  Literary  Gazette,  March,  1827. 

"  This  interesting  little  volume  contains  some  of  the  sweetest 
poetry  Mr.  Barton  has  ever  written."— Lon.  Lit.  Magnet,  April,  1827 

Devotional  Verses. 

"  Mr.  Barton's  style  is  well  suited  to  devotional  poetry.  It  has 
great  sweetness  and  pathos,  accompanied  with  no  small  degree  of 
power,  which  well  qualify  it  for  the  expression  of  the  higher  and 
purer  feelings  of  the  heart."— Lon.  New  Monthly  Mag.,  March,  1826. 

Mr.  Barton  was  a  brother  to  Maria  Hack,  the  authoress 
of  a  number  of  juvenile  works  of  great  merit,  and  his 
daughter,  Miss  Lucy  Barton,  has  devoted  her  talents  to 
the  composition  of  scriptural  works,  principally  intended 
for  the  young. 

Barton,  Charles,  of  the  Middle  Temple.  Profess. 
works,  1794-1811.  Mr.  Barton  has  been  highly  commended 
as  a  legal  writer.  Modern  Precedents  in  Conveyancing,  7 
vols.,  Lon.,  1821,  8vo. 

"  Mr.  Barton,  in  various  parts  of  these  Precedents,  has  intro 
duced  dissertations  on  the  nature  and  use  of  the  different  spech-s 
of  assurances  contained  in  the  collection.  These  essays  are  ably 


BAR 


BAR 


written,  and  contain  very  full  references  to  authorities  on  the  sub 
jects  of  which  they  treat."— Marvin's  Legal  Bibl. 

Historical  Treatise  of  a  suit  in  Equity. 

"  I  feel  it  my  duty  to  advise  the  student  to  use  considerable  cau 
tion  in  perusing  this  essay,  as  it  may  (and  probably  does)  contain 
many  more  inaccuracies  than  the  author  is  at  all  aware  of." — 
Author's  Preface. 

"  A  useful  historical  treatise,  admirable  for  its  clear  and  judicious 
wrangement." — BLAKE. 

Barton,  Charles.    Sermons,  1800-03. 

Barton,  Cutts.     Sermons,  1754-58. 

Barton,  David.     Sermon,  1670. 

Barton,  Edward.  Description  of  the  Antiquities 
and  other  Curiosities  of  Rome,  Lon.,  1822. 

Barton,  Henry.    Sermon,  1762. 

Barton,  James.     Honorina,  a  Novel,  1804,  2  vols. 

Barton,  John.     Agricultural  Labour,  Lon.,  1820. 

Barton,  John,  supposed  to  have  been  Chancellor  of 
the  University  of  Oxford  in  the  15th  century,  wrote  a  treatise 
against  Wicliffe;  Symbolurn  Fidei  Catholicae. — TANNER. 

Barton,  Lucy.     See  BARTON,  BERNARD. 

Barton,  Philip,  of  Christ  Ch.,  Oxf.  Sermons,  1735, 
'40,  '50. 

Barton,  Philip,  of  Portsea,     Sermons,  1754-55. 

Barton,  Philip,  of  Buriton,  Hants.  Consecration  of 
Bp.  Lowth,  a  sermon,  1  Tim.  iii.  7,  1766. 

Barton,  Richard.  Divine  Analogy,  Lon.,  1737-38. 
Dialogue  respecting  Ireland,  Dubl.,  1751,  4to.  Lectures 
on  Natural  Philosophy,  Dubl.,  1751,  4to. 

"  In  the  second,  which  he  calls  the  popular  Elementary  Lecture, 
he  enumerates  and  proves  the  properties  of  the  four  'elements, 
principally  from  the  most  obvious  appearances;  treating  the  sub 
ject  in  a  popular  manner,  and  using  short  and  easy  demonstra 
tion."—  L'm.  Mmthly  Review,  1751. 

Remarks  respecting  Lough  Lene,  Dubl.,  1751,  4to. 

Barton,  Saml.  Sermons,  1689,  '90,  '92,  '96,  '97,  '98, 
1701-05. 

Barton,  Thomas.  A  Counter-Scarfe  against  those 
that  Condemn  all  External  Bowing  at  the  Name  of  Jesus; 
with  a  Defence  of  it  against  Masive  Giles,  Lon.,  1643,  4to. 

Barton,  Thomas,  1730-1780,  an  Episcopal  minister, 
a  native  of  Ireland,  received  his  education  at  the  University 
of  Dublin.  In  1753  he  married  at  Philadelphia  the  sister 
of  Dr.  David  Rittenhouse.  To  this  eminent  philosopher, 
his  talents  and  extensive  acquirements  enabled  him  to 
render  invaluable  assistance.  He  officiated  in  Reading 
Township,  York  County,  Pennsylvania,  as  a  missionary  of 
a  society  in  England  from  1755  to  1759.  He  was  a  chap 
lain  in  the  expedition  against  Fort  Du  Quesne  in  1758. 
His  acquaintance  with  Washington,  Mercer,  and  other  dis 
tinguished  officers  of  the  Revolution,  proved  no  bar  to  his 
continued  adherence  to  the  royal  government.  Refusing 
to  take  an  oath  required  of  him.  he  removed  in  1778  to 
New  York,  where  he  died,  May  25,  1780.  His  eldest  son, 
Wm.  Barton  of  Lancaster,  wrote  the  memoirs  of  Ritten 
house;  Professor  Benj.  Smith  Barton,  M.D.,  was  another 
of  his  eight  children.  His  widow  continued  to  reside  with 
her  nephew,  the  excellent  Samuel  Bard,  M.D.,  (see  ante  ) 
until  her  death  in  1821.  Dr.  Barton  published  a  Sermon 
on  Braddock's  Defeat,  1755.— Memoir  of  Kittenhome  ; 
lhacher*  Medical  Biog.;  Allen's  Amer.  Diet. 

Barton,  William.     Decimal  Arithmetic,  Lon    1634 

Bart°n»  William.  View  of  many  Errors  and  some 
gross  Absurdities  in  the  old  translation  of  the  Psalms  in 
English  Metre,  as  also  in  some  other  Translations  lately 
published  Lon.,  1655,  4to.  A  Century  of  Select  Hymns, 
Lon.,  1659, 12mo.  Two  Centuries  of  Hymns  and  Spiritual 

?ZgSl'  J?V6ni°'i  8VO'  A  Catalogue  <>f  Virtuous  Women 
recorded  in  the  Old  and  New  Test.,  in  verse,  Lon.,  1671,  Svo. 
.f  TV.  ^  ' Wllham-  Observations  on  the  Probabilities 
of  the  Duration  of  Human  Life,  and  the  Progress  of  Popu 
lation  in  the  United  States  of  America.  Trans.  Amer. 
Pmlos.  Soc.,  in.  25,  1793. 


- — '-•-  ••-  •  -v»  JAT.I., *-?•)  ncpiiow  tu  jueiij.  Smitli 
_».^,  ^.^.,  o,uu  his  successor  as  Professor  of  Botany  in 
the  University  of  Pennsylvania. 

Florae  Philadelphicae  Prodromus,  Phila.,  1815,4to,pp.  96. 
Vegetable  Materia  Medica  of  the  United  States,  or  Medical 
lotany,  containing  a  botanical,  general,  and  medical  his 
tory  of  the  medicinal  plants  indigenous  to  the  United  States 
Illustrated  by  coloured  engravings,  Phila,,  2  vols.,  50  plates! 
was  not  <f  P0rtions  of  .this  work  were  Pul>.  in  1817,  but  it 
£686rpurbPyeHirsrtl1  1825;  L0nd°n'  1821'  4to>  2  vols-> 
the  a  t)  r?wm^* an<*  colouring  of  the  plates  have  been  made  by 


"From  a  close  attention  to  our  Materia  Medica,  and. from  somo 
experiments  he  has  recently  made,  he  is  convinced  that  not  a  few 
of  our  indigenous  plants  are  sufficiently  important  to  be  introduced 
into  the  daily  practice  of  the  physician." — Autfior's  Preface,  p.  13. 

Compendium  Florae  Philadelphicae.  Containing  a  de 
scription  of  the  Indigenous  and  Naturalized  Plants  found 
within  a  circuit  of  ten  miles  around  Philadelphia,  12mo, 
2  vols.,  Phila.,  1818. 

"  The  Compendium,  containing  only  brief  descriptions  of  plants, 
with  occasional  popular  observations,  as  it  is  the  most  unassuming, 
so  we  think  it  the  most  meritorious,  among  the  botanical  works  of 
Dr.  Barton.  .  .  .  Dr.  Barton  has  published  books  on  the  subject  of 
our  botany  of  greater  pretension  than  almost  any  other  living  au 
thor.''—^.  Amer.  Review,  vol.  xiii.  119-20. 

Flora  of  North  America,  illustrated  by  coloured  Figures, 
drawn  from  Nature,  3  vols.  4to,  Phila.,  1821-^23,  pub.  in 
numbers.  Compendium  Floras  Philadelphicae,  1818, 2  vols. 
12mo,  Phila. 

Materia  Medica  and  Botany,  2  vols.  12mo,  Phila.  Medi 
cal  Botany,  2  vols.  Svo.  Hints  to  Naval  Officers  cruising 
in  the  West  Indies,  1830,  ISmo,  Phila.  Plan  for  Marine 
Hospitals  in  the  United  States,  1817,  Svo. 

Bartram.  Trial  of  Nightingale,  1809 ;  of  Lt.  Col. 
Johnston,  1811. 

Bartram,  Isaac.     Distillation  of  Persimmons. 

Bartram,  John,  1701-1777,  an  eminent  botanist,  was 
born  at  Marple,  Delaware  co.,  Pennsylvania.  He  took 
great  pleasure  in  the  care  of  a  botanical  garden,  laid  out 
and  planted  by  himself,  on  the  west  bank  of  the  Sehuyl- 
kill,  four  miles  below  Philadelphia.  He  became  so  famous 
for  his  proficiency  in  his  favourite  pursuit,  that  Linnaaus 
pronounced  him  "  the  greatest  natural  botanist  in  the 
world."  Sir  Hans  Sloane,  Mr.  Catesby,  Dr.  Hill,  Peter 
Collinson,  and  other  friends  of  science,  furnished  Bartram 
with  books  and  apparatus,  stimulated  his  zeal  by  their 
sympathy,  and  aided  his  labours  by  active  co-operation. 

"  Be  so  kind  as  to  give  him  [Bartram]  a  little  entertainment  and 
recommendation  to  a  friend  or  two  of  yours  in  the  country,  for 
he  does  not  value  riding  50  or  100  miles  to  see  a  new  plant."— 
Peter  Collinson  to  Col.  Custis,  of  Virginia,  1737. 

He  received  the  appointment  of  American  Botanist  to 
George  III.,  which  office  he  held  until  his  death  in  Sep 
tember,  1777.  Observations  on  the  Inhabitants,  Climate, 
Soil,  Divers  Productions,  Animals,  Ac.,  made  in  his  tra 
vels  from  Pennsylvania  to  Onondaga,  Oswego,  and  the 
Lake  Ontario,  &c.,  Svo,  p.  94,  and  plan.  Lon.,  1751.  An 
Account  of  East  Florida,  [by  William  Stork,]  with  a  jour 
nal  kept  by  John  Bartram  of  Philadelphia,  upon  a  journey 
from  St.  Augustine's  up  the  river  St.  John's,  Svo,  pp.  90 
and  70,  Lon.,  1766;  3d  ed.  much  enlarged,  4to,  Lon.,  1769. 
Mr.  Bartram  also  contributed  several  papers  to  the  Phil. 
Trans.,  1740,  '44,  '50,  '62,  '63.  See  an  interesting  volume 
entitled  Memorials  of  John  Bartram  and  Humphrey  Mar 
shall,  Phila.,  1849,  by  William  Darlington,  M.D.,  of  West 
Chester,  Pennsylvania;  also  a  sketch  of  the  life  of  Peter 
Collinson,  by  Wm.  H.  Dillingham  of  Phila.,  Phila.,  1851. 

Bartram,  Moses.  Observations  on  the  Native  Silk 
Worms  of  North  America,  Amer.  Trans.  1789. 

Bartram,  William,  1739-1823,  son  of  John  Bar- 
tram,  (ante,)  inherited  the  botanical  zeal  of  his  father. 
In  1773,  at  the  request  of  Dr.  Fothergill,  he  travelled 
through  several  of  the  Southern  States,  &c.  in  order  to  ex- 
»amine  the  natural  productions  of  the  country.  These  in 
vestigations  occupied  him  for  five  years.  His  collections 
and  drawings  were  forwarded  to  Dr.  Fothergill.  The  fruits 
of  this  enterprise  were  given  to  the  world  in  1791 :  Tra 
vels  through  N.  and  S.  Carolina,  Georgia,  E.  and  W.  Flo 
rida,  the  Cherokee  Country,  the  extensive  Territories  of 
the  Muscogules  or  Creek  Confederacy,  and  the  country  of 
the  Choctaws ;  containing  an  Account  of  the  Soil  and  Na 
tural  Productions  of  those  Regions,  together  with  Obser 
vations  on  the  Manners  of  the  Indians.  Embellished  with 
copper-plates,  Svo,  map  and  16  plates,  Phila.,  1791 ;  pub. 
in  Lon.,  in  1792,  and  again  in  1794.  In  the  English  edi 
tion  only  8  of  the  16  plates,  principally  of  plants,  are 
given.  In  1799  it  was  trans,  into  French  by  P.  V.  Benoist, 
Paris,  1801,  2  vols.  Svo. 

"  It  is  a  delightful  specimen  of  the  enthusiasm  with  which  the 
lover  of  nature,  and  particularly  the  botanist,  surveys  the  beauti 
ful  and  wonderful  productions  which  are  scattered  over  the  face 
of  the  earth." 

Mr.  Bartram  contributed  to  Nic.  Jour.,  1805,  Anecdotes 
of  an  American  Crow.  See  American  Farmer's  Letters. 

Bartu,  or  Bertie,  Robert,  Earl  of  Lindsay.  His 
Declaration  and  Justification,  wherein  he  declares  the  Jus 
tice  of  his  Majesty's  Cause  in  taking  Arms,  <fec.,  1664,  folio. 

Baruh,  Raphael.  Critica,  Sacra  Examined,  1775,  Svo. 

Barville,  John.  Account  of  his  Conversion  from 
Popery  to  the  Church  of  England,  Lon.,  1710,  Svo. 

137 


BAR 


BAS 


BarAvell,  Mrs.     Juvenile  and  other  works. 
Harwell,  Richard,   Demonstrator  of  Anatomy  at 
St.  Thomas's  Hospital.     Asiatic  Cholera :   its  Symptoms, 
Pathology,  and  Treatment,  Lon.,  post  8vo. 

"  The  chapter  on  the  Morbid  Anatomy  is  very  interesting.  The 
book  exhibits  considerable  ability."— Lon.  Medical  Times. 

"  Here  is  a  book  well  worthy  of  attention,  for  Mr.Barwell  writes 
from  the  bedside  of  the  numerous  cholera  patients  placed  under 
his  care  at  St.  Thomas's  Hospital." — Lon.  Lancet. 

Barwick,  Edward.     A  Treatise  on  the   Church, 
chiefly  in  relation  to  its  Government,  in  which  the  divine 
right  of  Episcopacy  is  maintained,  the  supremacy  of  the 
Bishop  of  Rome  proved  to  be  contrary  to  the  Scriptures 
and  primitive  Fathers,  and  the  Reformed  Episcopal  Church 
in  England.  Ireland,  and  Scotland,  proved  to  be  a  sound 
and  orthodox  part  of  the  Catholic  Church.     Compiled  from 
the  most  eminent  divines,  Belfast,  1813,  8vo;  2d  ed.,  en 
larged  and  improved,  Lon.,  1815,  8vo. 
"  Containing  much  matter  in  a  short  compass."— BICKERSTETH. 
B  arwick,  Henry.  An  Essay  on  Nature ;  a  Poem,  1807. 
Barwick,  Humphrey.     Manual  Weapons  of  Fire, 
&c.,  Lon.,  1590,  4to. 

Barwick,  John,  1612-1664,  Fellow  of  St.  John's  Col 
lege,  Cambridge,  was  a  zealous  adherent  to  Charles  L,  and 
was  imprisoned  for  corresponding  with  Charles  II.  in  his 
exile.  This  monarch  at  the  Restoration  offered  him  the 
bishopric  of  Carlisle,  but  this  he  declined,  accepting  the 
deanery  of  Denham,  and  subsequently  the  deanery  of 
St.  Paul's.  He  pub.  a  Piece  against  the  Covenant,  Oxf., 
1644.  Life  of  Thomas  Merton,  Bp.  of  Durham,  <fcc.,  Lon., 
1660,  4to.  Deceiver  Deceived,  1661,  4to.  His  brother, 
Peter  Barwick,  M.D.,  pub.  an  account  of  his  life  in  Latin, 
Lon.,  1721,  8vo;  trans,  into  English  in  1724.  Hilkiah 
Bedford  was  editor  of  both.  In  Thurloe's  State  Papers 
will  be  found  many  of  his  letters  to  Chancellor  Hyde. 
Some  of  these  epistles  were  intercepted,  and  although 
written  in  cipher,  were  understood,  whereat  the  Chancel 
lor  expresses  great  amazement : 

"  I  was  confident  that  the  Devil  himself  cannot  decypher  a  let 
ter  that  is  well  written,  or  find  that  100  stands  for  Sir  Harry  Vane. 
I  have  heard  of  many  of  the  pretenders  to  that  skill,  and  have 
spoken  with  some  of  them,  but  have  found  them  all  to  be  Mounte 
banks." — Hyde  to  Barwick. 

Barwick,  Peter,  M.D.,  1619-1705?  brother  to  the 
preceding,  and  physician  in  ordinary  to  King  Charles  II., 
composed  a  life  of  his  brother  John  (noticed  in  preceding 
article)  which  has  been  much  admired  for  the  elegance  of 
its  Latinity.  He  wrote  a  Defence  of  Harvey's  Discovery 
of  the  Circulation  of  the  Blood,  which  was  considered  one 
of  the  best  pieces  of  the  controversy.  He  was  also  author 
of  a  treatise  appended  to  the  life  of  his  brother,  in  favour 
of  the  Eikon  Basilike,  (in  opposition  to  Dr.  Walker,)  and 
pub.  a  medical  work  under  the  title  of  Medicorum  Animos 
exagitant,  Londini,  1671,  4to. 

Barwis,  Jackson.  Dialogue  concerning  Liberty, 
1793,  4to. 

Barwis,  John.  Sermons,  1804-5,  4to. 
Bascom,  Henry  Bidleman,  b.  May  27,  1796, 
Hancock  co.,  N.Y.,  d.  Sept.  8,  1850;  entered  the  itinerant 
ministry  in  the  Ohio  Conference,  1813;  was  ordained 
Bishop  of  the  M.E.  Church  South,  at  St.  Louy?,  in  May, 
1850  ;  was  distinguished  as  a  pulpit  orator.  Works,  4  vols. 
12mo:  vol.  i.,  Sermons  from  the  Pulpit;  vol.  ii.,  Lectures 
on  Infidelity,  &c. ;  vol.  iii.,  Lectures  and  Essays  on  Moral 
and  Mental  Science,  &c. ;  vol.  iv.,  Sermons  and  Sketches, 
Nashville,  Tenn.,  1856.  See  Life  of  Bp.  Bascom  by  Rev. 
M.  M.  Henkle,  D.D.,  12mo,  Nash.,  1857. 

Bascom  e,  E.,  Dr.  A  History  of  Epidemic  Pestilences 
from  the  Earliest  Ages,  Lon.,  1851,  8vo. 

"  This  book  will  be  found  useful  as  a  work  of  reference,  as  it 
contains  a  notice  of  all  the  most  remarkable  pestilences  that  have 
occurred  from  1495  years  before  the  birth  of  our  Saviour  to  1848." 
— Lon.  Athen. 

Baseley,  J.  Sermons,  Lon.,  1801,  8vo. 
Baseley,  Thomas.  Serms.,  Lon.,  1801, '05, '06,  '08. 
Basier,  Basiere,  or  Basire,  Isaac,  1607-1676, 
vras  b.  in  the  island  of  Jersey,  according  to  Wood ;  but 
this  is  contradicted  by  a  writer  in  the  Biog.  Brit.  About 
1640  he  was  made  chaplain-in-ordinary  to  King  Charles  I., 
and  three  years  afterwards  was  installed  into  the  seventh 
prebend  of  Durham.  In  1646  he  left  England  for  a  mis 
sionary  tour  among  the  Greeks,  Arabians,  &c.  Deo  et 
Ecclesia  Sacrum,  Ac.,  Oxf.,  1646,  4to ;  Diatriba  de  Antiqua 
Ecclesiae  Britannicae  Libertate.  Richard  Watson  found 
this  work  in  Lord  Hopton's  closet  after  his  decease.  He 
printed  it  at  Bruges  in  1658,  8vo,  and  translated  it  into 
English,  and  pub.  it  under  the  title  of  The  Ancient  Liberty 
of  the  Britannic  Church  and  the  Legitimate  Exemption 
thereof  from  the  Roman  Patriarchate,  discoursed  in  four 
138 


positions,  Lon.,  1661,  8vo.  Basire  was  the  author  of  several 
other  works.  See  Biog.  Brit. ;  Wood's  Fasti ;  Hutchinson's 
Durham. 

Basing,  Basinge,  Basingtochius,  or  Basing- 
Stoke  de,  John,  d.  1252,  studied  first  at  Oxford,  then 
at  Paris,  and  visited  Athens  for  the  purpose  of  perfecting 
himself  in  the  Greek  language.  He  brought  with  him  to 
England  many  curious  Greek  MSS.,  and  Matthew  Paris 
gives  him  credit  for  introducing  the  Greek  numerals  into 
England.  Robert  Grosteste,  Bishop  of  Lincoln,  with 
whom  he  was  a  great  favourite,  preferred  him  to  the  arch- 
leaconry  of  Lincoln,  as  he  had  been  before  to  that  of 
London.  He  translated  from  Greek  into  Latin  a  grammar 
which  he  styled  The  Donatus  of  the  Greeks.  He  also 
e  to  the  world  A  Latin  Translation  of  a  Harmony  of 
the  Gospels.  A  Volume  of  Sermons.  Particulae  Senten- 
tiarum  per  distinctione,  or  a  commentary  upon  part  of 
Lombard's  Sentences. 

Basire,  John.     Letter  to  his  Son,  Lon.,  1670,  12mo. 
Basnett,  Mills.     Lay  and  Private  Patronage. 
Bass,  J.  H.     A  Greek  and  English  Manual  Lexicon 
to  the  New  Testament,  1829,  12mo. 

"  A  useful  manual  for  youth." — BICKERSTETH. 
Bass,  William.     Sword  and  Buckler;   or,  Serving 
Man's  Defence,   Lon.,   1602,  4to.      In   six-lines   stanzas. 
Steevens's,  1767,  £1  19«. 

Bassantin,  James,  d.  1568,  an  eminent  Scotch 
astronomer.  1.  Astronomia,  <fcc.,  Latin  and  French,  Ge 
neva,  1599,  fol.  2.  Paraphrase  de  1'Astrolabe,  &c.,  Lyons, 
1555 ;  Paris,  1617,  8vo.  3.  Super  Mathematica  Geneth- 
liaca;  i.  e.,  of  the  Calculation  of  Nativities.  4.  Arith- 
metica.  5.  Musica  secundum  Platonem.  6.  De  Mathesi 
in  genere.  We  see  that  judicial  astrology  was  not  de 
spised  by  our  philosopher;  to  this  branch  of  his  studies 
Sir  James  Melvil  refers,  when  he  states  that  his  brother, 
Sir  Robert,  while  he  was  using  his  endeavours  to  reconcile 
the  two  Queens,  Elizabeth  and  Mary,  met  with  one  Bas 
santin,  a  man  learned  in  the  high  sciences,  who  told  him 
that  all  his  labour  would  be  in  vain. 

For  they  will  never  meet  together;  and  next,  there  will  never 
be  any  thing  but  dissembling  and  secret  hatred,  for  a  while;  and 
at  length,  captivity  and  utter  wreck  to  our  Queen  from  England. 
.  .  .  The  kingdom  of  England  at  length  shall  fall,  of  right,  to  the 
crown  of  Scotland;  but  it  shall  cost  many  bloody  battles;  and  the 
Spaniards  shall  be  helpers,  and  take  a  part  to  themselves  for  their 
labour." — Memoirs. 

Basse,  J.  H.  Catechism  of  Health,  Lon.,  1794, 12mo. 
Basse,  William,  a  minor  poet,  temp.  James  I.,  wrote 
an  epitaph  (probably  the  first)  upon  the  Poette  Shakspeare  ; 
printed  in  1633  in  the  1st  edit,  of  Dr.  Donne's  poems. 
That  Which  Seems  Best  is  Worst,  has  been  ascribed  to  him, 
(Restituta,  vol.  i.  41,)  and  in  1651  he  contemplated  pub.  a 
volume  of  his  poems. 

"To  Mr.  Wm.  Basse,  upon  the  intended  publication  of  his 
poems,  Jan.  13, 1651." 

A  Poem  by  Dean  Bathurst. —  Warton's  Life  and  Remains 
of  Bathurst)  1761,  8vo. 

Basset,  J.     Sermon,  1734,  8vo. 
Basset,  John.     Hermaeologium,  Lon.,  1695,  8vo. 
Basset,  John.     A  Pathway  to  Perfect  Sailing,  Lon., 
1664,  4to.     A  Nautical  Discourse  to  prove  the  Way  of  a 
Ship,  Lon.,   1644,  4to,   (an  appendix  to  Potter's  work.) 
He  was  one  of  the  disputants  in  Bond's  controversy  on 
the  longitude. 

Basset,  Joseph  D.  Letter  to  J.  B.  Chadwick, 
1813,  8vo. 

Basset,  Joshua.  Ecclesiaa  Theoria  Nova  Dodwel- 
liana  Exposita,  Lon.,  1713,  8vo. 

Basset,  Peter.  Acta  Regis  Henrici  V.  In  MS.  in 
the  College  of  Arms.  The  author  was  chamberlain  to 
Henry  V. 

Basset,  Thomas.  Catalogue  of  Common  and  Sta 
tute  Law  Books  of  this  Realm,  Lon.,  1671,  8vo;  1694, 
12mo.  Enlarged,  1720,  8vo. 

Basset,  William.  Sermons,  1670,  '79,  '83,  '84,  4to. 
An  Answer  to  The  Brief  History  of  the  Unitarians,  called 
also  Socinians,  Lon.,  1693,  8vo. 

Bassnett,  Thos.,  b.  1808,  in  Eng.  Mechanical 
Theory  of  Storms,  1853. 

Bassol,  John,d.  1347,  a  Scotch  philosopher,  studied 
divinity  under  Duns  Scotus  at  Oxford.  His  preceptor  had 
so  high  an  opinion  of  his  pupil  that  he  used  to  say,  "If 
John  Bassol  be  present,  I  have  a  sufficient  auditory."  In 
1304  he  accompanied  his  master  to  Paris.  Commentaria 
seu  Lecturae  in  quatuor  Libros  Sententiarum,  Paris,  1517, 
fol.;  a  work  in  such  high  reputation  as  to  procure  him 
from  his  brethren,  the  schoolmen,  the  title  of  "Doctor 
1  Ordinatissimus,"  in  allusion  to  his  method  and  perspi- 


BAS 

cuity.  Miscellanea  Philosophica  et  Medica,  in  the  same 
volume. 

Bastard,  Thomas,  d.  1618,  a  clergyman,  and  an 
epigrammatist  of  considerable  note  in  his  day,  was  made 
perpetual  Fellow  of  New  College,  Oxford,  in  1588, 

"But  being  much  guilty  of  the  vices  belonging  to  poets,  and 
given  to  libelling,  he  was  in  a  manner  forced  to  leave  his  fellow 
ship  in  1591."— WOOD. 

The  "  libel"  which  gave  so  much  offence  was  "  upon  all 
persons  of  note  in  Oxford  who  were  guilty  of  amorous  ex- 

Sloits."  It  was  entitled  An  Admonition  to  the  city  of 
xford,  &c.  Bastard  disclaimed  the  authorship.  After 
his  expulsion  he  wrote,  Jeukin,  why  man  ?  why  Jenkin  ? 
fie,  for  shame !  Neither  of  these  were  printed.  H»  pub. 
Chrestoleros ;  seven  bookes  of  Epigrames,  Lon.,  1598, 12mo. 
—  See  Censura  Literaria,  vol.  iv.  Magna  Britannia,  a 
Latin  Poem,  in  three  books,  Lon.,  1605,  4to.  Five  Ser 
mons,  Lon.,  1615,  4to.  Twelve  Sermons,  Lon.,  1615,  4to. 
Bastard  was  thrice  married. 

"  He  was  a  person  endowed  with  many  rare  gifts,  was  an  excel 
lent  Grecian,  Latinist,  and  poet,  and,  in  his  elder  years,  a  quaint 
preacher.  His  discourses  were  always  pleasant  and  facete,  which 
made  his  company  desired  by  all  ingenious  men.  He  was  a  most 
excellent  epigrammatist,  and,  being  always  ready  to  versify  upon 
any  subject,  did  let  nothing  material  escape  his  fancy,  as  his  com 
positions,  running  through  several  hands  in  MS.,  shew." — Athen. 
Oxon. 

Warton  speaks  of  him  as  an  elegant  classic  scholar,  and 
"  better  qualified  for  that  species  of  the  occasional  pointed 
Latin  epigram  established  by  his  fellow-collegian,  John 
Owen,  than  for  any  other  sort  of  English  versification." 
The  res  anyusta  domi,  however, — to  which  poets  are  so  pro 
verbially  subject — would  appear  to  have  sobered  his  wit : 
"  But  now,  left  naked  of  prosperitie, 
And  subject  unto  bitter  injurie ; 
So  poor  of  sense,  so  bare  of  wit  I  am, 
Not  neede  herselfe  can  drive  an  epigram." 

— Lib.  I.,  Epig.  2. 

We  extract  a  stanza  from  an  Epigram  in  honour  of  our 
author  by  no  less  a  person  than  Sir  John  Harrington : 

"  To  Master  Bastard,  a  minister,  that  made  a  pleasant  Book  of 
English  Epigrams: 

You  must  in  pulpit  treat  of  matters  serious ; 
As  it  beseems  the  person  and  the  place; 
There  preach  of  faith,  repentance,  hope,  and  grace ; 
Of  sacraments,  and  such  high  things  mysterious : 
But  they  are  too  severe,  and  too  imperious, 
That  unto  honest  sports  will  grant  no  space. 
For  these  our  minds  refresh,  those  weary  us, 
And  spur  our  doubled  spirit  to  swifter  pace." 
(From  the  most  Elegant  and  Witty  Epigrams  of  Sir  John  Har 
rington,  Knight,  digested  into  four  bookes,  Lon.,  1625,  sm.  8vo.) 

Bastard,  William.  On  the  Culture  of  Pine  Apples, 
Phil.  Trans.  Abr.,  1777. 

Baston,  Robert,  d.  about  1315  ?  a  native  of  York 
shire,  was,  according  to  Bale,  poet  laureate  and  public 
orator  at  Oxford,  but  this  has  been  disputed.  He  became 
a  Carmelite  monk,  and  prior  of  that  order  in  Scarborough. 
Edward  I.  carried  him  with  him  in  his  expedition  against 
Scotland,  in  1304,  that  he  might  be  an  eye-witness  of  and 
celebrate  his  victory.  But,  alas  for  human  expectations  ! 
Baston  was  made  prisoner,  and,  as  the  price  of  his  ransom, 
obliged  to  write  a  panegyric  on  Robert  Bruce !  Baston 
wrote  principally  in  Latin,  and  it  is  doubtful  if  any  of  his 
English  compositions  are  now  in  existence.  The  rhyme 
Baston  is  so  called  from  our  author.  The  panegyric  men 
tioned  above  will  be  found  in  Fordun's  Scoti-Chronicon;  it 
was  pub.  Oxon.,  1722.  He  also  wrote,  1.  De  Strivilniensi 
obsidione ;  of  the  Siege  of  Stirling,  a  poem  in  one  book. 
2.  De  Altero  Scotorum  Bello,  in  one  book.  3.  De  Scotiae 
Guerris  variis,  in  one  book.  4.  De  variis  mundi  Statibus, 
in  one  book.  5.  De  Sacerdotum  luxuriis,  in  one  book. 
6.  Contra  Artistas,  in  one  book.  7.  De  Divite  et  Lazaro. 
8.  Epistolao  ad  diversos,  in  one  book.  9.  Sermones  Syno- 
dales,  in  one  book.  10.  A  Book  of  Poems.  11.  A  volume 
of  tragedies  and  comedies  in  English,  the  existence  of 
which  is  doubtful.  See  Bale;  Pits;  Holingshed;  Leland; 
Saxii  Onomasticon;  Warton's  History  of  English  Poetry. 
Baston,  Saml.  Case  Vindicated,  1695.  Dialogue,  1697. 
Baston,  Thos.  Obs.  on  Trade  and  Public  Spirit,  1732. 
Basturde,  A.  Trans.  The  Cessyos  of  Parlyamet,  etc. 
Bastwick,  John,  M.D.,  1593-1650?  was  distin 
guished  for  his  violent  opposition  to  the  jure  divino  claim 
for  Episcopacy.  He  was  educated  at  Emanuel  College, 
Cambridge,  after  which  he  took  his  doctor's  degree  at 
Padua.  His  first  work,  Elenchus  Religionis  Papisticse, 
in  quo  probatur  neque  Epistolicam  neque  Catholicam,  imo 
neque  Romanam  esse,  was  pub.  at  Ley  den,  in  1624.  In 
1635  he  pub.  in  England,  Flagellum  Pontificis  et  Episco- 
porum  Latialium.  For  this  publication  he  was  cited  be 
fore  the  High  Commission  Court;  by  which  he  was  sen 
tenced  to  a  fine  of  £1,000,  prohibited  from  practising  his 


BAT 

profession  of  medicine,  his  book  to  be  burnt,  himself  ex 
communicated,  to  pay  costs  of  suit,  and  be  imprisoned 
until  he  recanted.  Whilst  imprisoned,  he  wrote  Apologe- 
ticus  ad  Prajsules  Anglicanos,  1636 ;  and  the  Letany  for 
the  especiall  Use  of  our  English  Prelates,  1637.  For  this 
new  attack,  Laud  had  an  information  exhibited  against 
him  in  the  Star  Chamber.  Wm.  Prynne  for  his  Histrio- 
Mastix,  and  Rev.  Dr.  Burton  for  publishing  two  seditious 
sermons,  were  also  brought  under  discipline.  The  three 
defendants,  to  the  disgrace  of  the  court,  were  sentenced 
to  lose  their  ears,  to  pay  a  fine  of  £5000  each,  and  to 
suffer  perpetual  imprisonment !  This  barbarous  sentence 
was  executed.  When  the  Parliament  obtained  the  Supre 
macy,  the  three  were  brought  back  to  London  in  great 
triumph,  and  an  order  passed  for  the  repayment  of  the 
fine  of  £5000  to  each  of  them.  It  is  said  that  they  never 
received  the  money.  Bastwick  afterwards  wrote  several 
pamphlets  against  the  Independents. 

Independency  not  God's  Ordinance,  Lon.,  1645.  De 
fence  of  himself  against  Lilburn,  1645.  Utter  Routing 
of  the  whole  Army  of  all  the  Independents  and  Sectaries, 
with  the  total  overthrow  of  their  Monarchy,  1646.  The 
Church  of  England  the  true  Church.  Poor  Bastwick 
fared  better  than  the  Patriarch  Job  in  his  hour  of  trial. 
The  wife  of  his  bosom  did  not  "  add  affliction  to  his  mise 
ry;"  but  when  Bastwick  mounted  the  scaffold,  he  was 
immediately  followed  by  his  wife,  who, 

"  Like  a  loving  spouse,  saluted  each  ear  with  a  kiss,  and  then  his 
mouth ;  whose  tender  love,  boldness,  and  cheerfulness,  so  wrought 
upon  the  people's  affections,  that  they  gave  a  marvellous  great 
shout  for  joy  to  behold  it." 

The  martyr  was  worthy  of  such  a  wife. 
"  So  far,"  said  he,  "  am  I  from  base  fear,  or  caring  for  any  thing 
they  can  do,  or  cast  upon  me,  that  had  I  as  much  blood  as  would 
swell  the  Thames,  I  would  shed  it  every  drop  in  this  cause.  As  I 
said  before  [in  his  noble  speech  before  the  Star-Chamber]  so  I  say 
again,  had  I  as  many  lives  as  I  have  hairs  on  my  head  or  drops 
of  blood  in  my  veins,  I  would  give  them  all  up  for  this  cause  I" 

The  Letany  will  be  found  in  the  5th  vol.  of  the  Somers 
Collection  of  Tracts ;  and  an  interesting  review  of  it  in 
The  Retrospective  Review,  vol.  x. 

Batchelor,  Thos.     Village  Scenes,  1804,  8vo.    Ana 
lysis  of  the  English  Language,  1809,  8vo.     Agricult.  of 
Bedfordshire,  1806,  Svo.      See  Donaldson's  Agrict.  Biog. 
Batchilor,  John.     The  Virgin's  Pattern,  Lon.,  1661. 
Bate,    Edward.      The    Speculative    and    Practical 
Atheist.     Sermons  on  Rom.  i.  20,  21,  1748,  Svo. 

Bate,  George,  M.D.,  1608-1668,  had  the  remarkable 
fortune  of  being  physician  to  Charles  I.,  Cromwell,  and 
Charles  II.  He  is  quite  as  well  known  as  an  historian  as 
a  professor  of  the  healing  art.  He  studied  at  Oxford ;  suc 
cessively  at  New  College,  Queen's  College,  and  Edmund's 
Hall.  He  contributed  to  de  Rachitide,  pub.  Lon.,  1650, 
Svo.  After  his  death,  Shipton  pub.  Pharmacopoeia  Bate- 
ana,  Lon.,  1688.  Dr.  Wm.  Salmon  trans,  this  work  into 
English  under  the  title  of  Bate's  Dispensatory;  it  was 
very  popular,  and  ran  through  many  editions.  His  prin 
cipal  work  is  an  Account  of  the  Rebellion,  with  a  Narra 
tive  of  the  Regal  and  Parliamentary  Privileges,  entitled, 
Elenchus  Motuum  nuperorum  in  Anglia  simul  ac  Juris 
Regis  et  Parliamentarii  brevis  narratio,  Paris,  1649; 
Franckfort,  1650,  4to.  It  was  revised  by  Dr.  Peter  Hey- 
,lyn,  who 

"  Made  several  observations  on  it,  greatly  tending  to  the  honour 
of  the  king  and  church." 

Reprinted  with  additions  to  1660,  Lon.,  1661,  Svo;  with 
further  additions  to  1663,  Svo;  and  with  a  third  part  by 
Dr.  Thomas  Skinner,  in  1676,  Svo.     The  whole  trans,  into 
English  by  Mr.  Lovel,  in  1685. 
"  A  work  worth  reading."— BISHOP  WARBURTON. 
It  was  answered  by  Robt.  Pugh.     Elenchus  Elenchi, 
sive  Animadversiones   in   Elenchum   M.  Anglias,    Paris, 
1664,  Svo.     Pugh  was  an  officer  in  the  king's  army. 

"  To  which  Bate  made  a  reply,  but,  as  his  son  had  told  me,  he 
did  not  publish  it,  only  put  it  in  MS.  in  the  Cottonian  Library; 
and  upon  that  report  1  did  in  my  Hist.  Antiq.  Univ.  Oxon.  say  as 
much  in  the  life  of  Dr.  Bate.  Whereupon  Pugh,  having  had  notice 
of,  or  else  had  read  it,  he  made  a  search  after  it  in  the  said  Library 
(as  he  himself  hath  told  me  several  times)  but  could  not  find  it, 
otherwise  he  would  have  made  a  rejoynder  " — WOOD. 

Dr.  Bate  also  wrote  The  Royal  Apology ;  or  the  Declara 
tion  of  the  Commons  in  Parliament,  Feb.  11, 1647-48,  4to. 
Bate,  George.  The  Lives,  Actions,  and  Execution 
of  the  prime  Actors  and  principal  Contrivers  of  that  horrid 
Murder  of  our  late  pious  and  sacred  Sovereign,  King 
Charles  L,  Lon.,  1661. 

"  He  is  not  to  be  understood  to  be  the  same  with  the  doctor,  but 
another  far  inferior  to  him  in  all  respects;  on  ethat  run  with  the 
mutable  times,  and  had,  after  his  majesty's  Bestoration,  endea 
voured,  by  scribbling,  to  gain  the  favour  of  the  royalists."—  WOOD. 
Bate,  Rev.  Henry.     See  DUDLEY,  Sm  H.  B. 


BAT 


Bate,  James,  1703-1755,  elder  brother  of  Julius  | 
Bate,  was  admitted  a  pensioner  of  Corpus  Christi  Col 
lege,  Cambridge,  in  1720.  He  took  holy  orders,  and  at 
tended  the  Rt.  Hon.  Horace  Walpole  as  chaplain,  in  his 
embassy  to  Paris.  In  the  preface  to  the  second  edition  of 
his  Rationale,  <fcc.,  1766,  he  laments  that 

"  It  was  his  hard  fate,  in  his  younger  years,  to  serve  one  of  our 
ambassadors  as  his  chaplain  at  a  foreign  court." 

His  principal  works  are,  Infidelity  scourged,  or  Christi 
anity  vindicated  against  Chubb,  &c.,  1746,  8vo.  An  Essay 
towards  a  Rationale  of  the  literal  doctrine  of  Original 
Sin,  <fcc.,  occasioned  by  some  of  Dr.  Middleton's  writings, 
1752,  8vo.  He  also  pub.  several  sermons,  1734-45. 

Bate,  John,  d.  1429,  a  learned  divine,  was  the  author 
of  a  number  of  works  in  grammar,  logic,  and  divinity. 
He  studied  at  Oxford,  where  he  was  noted  for  his  know 
ledge  of  the  Greek  tongue.  On  leaving  Oxford,  he  became 
! resident  of  the  house  of  the  Carmelite  friars  at  York.  Le- 
and,  Bale,  and  Pits  enumerate  14  treatises  by  this  author. 

Bate,  John.  Relation  of  the  Holland  Fleet,  <fcc., 
1626,  4to. 

Bate,  John.  Mysteries  of  Nature  and  Art,  Lon., 
1634,  4to. 

Bate,  Julius,  b.  about  1711,  d.  about  1771,  a  divine 
of  the  Hutchinsonian  school,  pub.  a  number  of  theological  j 
works,  principally  in  defence  of  his  peculiar  system  of  in 
terpretation.  We  give  the  titles  of  some  of  them.  An 
Essay  towards  explaining  the  third  chapter  of  Genesis, 
and  the  Spiritual  Sense  of  the  Law,  in  answer  to  Mr.  War- 
burton,  Lon.,  1641,  8vo. 

"  This  is  a  reply  to  Warburton's  third  proposition,  which  he  cer 
tainly  succeeds  in  overturning;  but  there  is  too  much  refinement 
of  spiritualizing  in  his  exposition." — ORME. 

The  irascible  prelate  treated  the  champion  of  Hutchin- 
son  with  but  little  ceremony :  "  one  Bate,  ...  a  zany  to 
a  mountebank."  The  Philosophical  Principles  of  Moses, 
asserted  against  the  Misrepresentations  of  David  Jennings, 
1744,  8vo.  Remarks  upon  Mr.  Warburton's  Remarks, 
showing  that  the  Ancients  knew  there  was  a  Future  State, 
<fcc.,  1745,  8vo.  An  Inquiry  into  the  Occasional  and  Stand 
ing  Similitudes  of  the  Lord  God,  in  the  Old  and  New  Tes 
taments,  1756,  8vo. 

"This  mild  Hutchinsonian  is  very  angry  with  his  humble  ser 
vants,  the  Reviewers,  whom  he  calls  Infidels  and  Scorpions ;  but  as 
he  treats  the  worthy  Archdeacon  of  Northumberland  as  a  mere 
Jesuit,  page  76,'  we  could  not  expect  better  words  from  him." — 
Monthly  Review,  1756.  See  Review  of  Reviews,  by  the  author  of 
this  Dictionary,  in  Putnam's  Mag.,  vol.  i.  p.  264,  New  York,  1853. 

Critica  Hebraica,or  aHebrew  English  Dictionary,  with 
out  points,  <fcc.,  the  whole  supplying  the  place  of  a  Com 
mentary  on  the  Words  and  more  difficult  Passages  in  the 
Sacred  Writings,  1767,  4to.  In  the  preface  Mr.  Bate 
warmly  attacks  the  "hydra  of  pointing;"  he  commends 
the  courage  of  Capellus,  "who  ventured  to  encounter  this 
monster,  and  vanquished  it,  together  with  its  renowned 
advocate,  Buxtorf." 

Parkhurst  quotes  this  work  (and  the  Essay  on  the 
Similitudes)  with  approbation,  but  it  has  never  come  into 
general  use  as  a  Hebrew  Dictionary. 

"  His  work  will  doubtless  be  useful  according  to  its  plan,  and  to 
the  principles  on  which  he  proceeds.  The  followers  of  Mr.  Hut- 
chinson's  system  will  not  fail  to  pronounce  it  a  Chef  cFceuvre ; 
while  the  Rationalists  will  consign  it  to  a  peaceful  place  on  the 
same  undusted  shelf  on  which  the  great  Calasio  reposes,  undis 
turbed,  in  the  friendly  arms  of  the  Rev.  Mr.  Win.  Romaine." 

A  New  and  Literal  Translation  from  the  Original  He 
brew  of  The  Pentateuch  of  Moses,  and  of  the  Historical 
Books  of  the  Old  and  New  Testament,  to  the  end  of  the 
Second  Book  of  Kings,  with  Notes,  Critical  and  Explana 
tory,  1773,  4to.  This  work  was  the  principal  literary  oc 
cupation  of  its  author  for  a  great  part  of  his  life.  What  he 
completed  of  the  Old  Testament  was  pub.  two  years  after 
his  death. 

"  As  a  translation,  It  greatly  fails  in  perspicuity,  smoothness, 
and  grammatical  accuracy.  Many  of  the  renderings  are  really 
amusing.  The  Giants  of  Genesis,  vi.  4,  are,  according  to  him, 
'apostates.'  The  window  of  the  ark,  chapter  vi.  xvi.,  was  to  be 
'  finished  in  an  arm  above.'  At  the  commencement  of  the  deluge, 
'  the  air  cracks  were  opened,'  and  at  the  conclusion  of  it,  the  '  air 
cracks  were  shut.'  The  notes  are  full  of  the  peculiarities  of  his 
system,  and  discover  no  correct  acquaintance  with  the  principles 
of  philology  or  enlightened  criticism." — ORME. 

"  Bate,  by  giving  the  Hebrew  idiom  too  literally,  has  rendered 
his  version  neither  Hebrew  nor  English." — LOWNDES. 

"  It  is  most  certainly  a  new  translation,  and  so  very  literal  as 
to  be  really  unintelligible  to  a  plain  English  reader."— Monthly 
Review. 

Bate,  R.  B.    On  the  Camera  Lucida,  Nic.  Jour.,  1809. 

Bate,  Randall.     Certain  Observations,  1630,  8vo. 

Bate,  Thomas.  The  duty  of  frequenting  the  pub- 
lick  service  of  the  Church  of  England,  wherein  the  beauty 


BAT 

and  excellency  of  the  Book  of  Common  Prayer  are  ex 
plained  to  the  meanest  capacities.  In  a  dialogue  between 
a  clergyman  and  his  parishioners,  pp.  42,  12mo,  Lon.,  1734. 
Bate,  James,  Surgeon  in  Maryland.  On  the  re 
markable  Alteration  of  Colour  in  a  Negro  Woman,  Phil. 
Trans.,  1759. 

Batecumbe,  or  Badecombe,  William,  an  emi 
nent  mathematician  of  Oxford,  nourished  about  the  com 
mencement  of  the  15th  century.  1.  De  Sphaerge  concavao 
fabrica  et  usu.  2.  De  Sphaerae  Solida.  3.  De  Operationc 
Astrolabii.  4.  Conclusiones  Sophiaa.  It  is  not  known  that 
either  of  his  works  was  printed. 

Bateman,  A.  W.  Serm.  on  Rom.  i.  20, 21,  Cant,  1746. 

Bateman,  Edmund.     Sermons,  1738,  '40,  '41,  '43. 

Bateman,  Joseph.  Metropolitan  Turnpike  Act, 
12mo,  Lon.,  1826.  The  Laws  of  Excise,  8vo,  Lon.,  1843. 
"  Mr.  Bateman  has  collected  more  than  100  different  statutes, 
and  added  notes  of  decisions  illustrative  of  them.  Those  most 
competent  to  judge  of  its  value,  pronounce  it  a  convenient  and 
able  compilation,  in  which  the  writer's  aptitude  for  his  undertak 
ing  is  apparent,  and  one  that  is  worthy  of  his  former  reputation." 

The  General  Turnpike  Road  Act,  3  Geo.  IV., c.  126,  3d 
ed.  120,  Lon.,  1836. 

"  This  is  a  convenient  manual  of  the  Statutes  relating  to  Turn 
pike  Roads  in  Great  Britain.  It  is  furnished  with  suitable  forms 
and  an  appendix  of  decisions  upon  the  Statutes,  and  contains 
other  useful  infoumation  relative  to  the  construction  and  manage 
ment  of  roads." — Marvin's  Legal  Bibl. 

Mr.  Bateman  is  the  author  of  several  other  valuable 
legal  treatises. 

Bateman,  James.  Orchidaceae  of  Mexico  and 
Guatemala,  8  parts,  elephant  folio,  40  splendid  plates, 
Lon.,  1837-43 ;  pub.  at  £16  16*. 

"  This  is  without  question  the  greatest  botanical  work  of  the 
present  age.  Mr.  Bateman  has  got  it  up  perfectly  regardless  of 
expense,  and  would  be  a  considerable  loser  even  had  the  edition 
been  published  at  double  the  price.  Only  one  hundred  copies 
were  printed,  which  were  all  subscribed  for." 

Bateman,  Josiah.  Sermons  preached  in  India,  Lon., 
1839,  12mo.  La  Martiniere,  <fcc.,  Lon.,  1839,  8vo. 

Bateman,  R.  T.     Serm.  on  Regeneration,  1747,  8vo. 

Bateman,  Stephen.     See  BATMAN. 

Bateman,  Thomas,  Chaplain  to  the  Duke  of  Gor 
don,  and  Vicar  of  Walpole,  Lincoln.  A  Treatise  on  Tithe, 
<fcc.,  Lon.,  1778,  8vo.  Appendix,  1779.  New  ed.,  1808,  8vo. 
Ecclesiastical  patronage  of  the  Church  of  England,  Lon., 
1782,  8vo.  The  Royal  Eccle.  Gazetteer,  Lon.,  1781, 12mo. 
Sermons,  1778,  'SO. 

Bateman,  Thomas,  M.D.,  1778-1821,  was  born  at 
Whitby  in  Yorkshire.  He  enjoyed  the  great  advantage  of 
pursuing  his  medical  studies  under  the  eminent  Dr.  Willan, 
physician  to  the  public  dispensary  in  Carey  street.  When 
Dr.  Willan's  health  obliged  him,  in  1811,  to  depart  for  Ma 
deira,  Dr.  Bateman  succeeded  to  his  extensive  practice  in 
diseases  of  the  skin.  In  1813  he  pub.  A  Practical  Synopsis 
of  Cutaneous  Diseases,  according  to  the  arrangement  of 
Dr.  Willan,  exhibiting  a  Concise  View  of  the  Diagnostic 
Symptoms,  and  the  Method  of  Treatment,  Lon.,  8vo,  3d 
ed.,  1814;  8th  ed.,  1836.  This  work  was  trans,  into  French, 
German,  and  Italian.  The  Emperor  of  Russia  was  so 
much  pleased  with  this  work  that  he  sent  the  author  a  ring 
of  100  guineas  value.  In  1815  the  doctor  pub.  Delineations 
of  Cutaneous  Diseases,  comprised  in  the  classification  of 
the  late  Dr.  Willan,  including  the  greater  part  of  the  En 
gravings  of  that  Author,  in  an  improved  state,  and  com 
pleting  the  Series,  as  intended  to  have  been  finished  by 
him,  Lon.,  4to,  1815-17;  12  fasciculi  pub.  at  £1  Is.  each; 
again  Lon.,  1840. 

•'Dr.  Bateman' s  valuable  work  has  done  more  to  extend  the 
knowledge  of  cutaneous  diseases  than  any  other  that  has  ever  ap 
peared." — DR.  A.  T.  THOMSON. 

"  We  consider  it  the  only  book  extant  that  contains  a  compre 
hensive  yet  explicit  account  and  scientific  arrangement  of  the  dis 
eases  of  the  skin."—  Med.  and  Physical  Journal,  Nov..  1813. 

A  Succinct  Account  of  the  Contagious  Fever  of  this 
Country,  <fcc.,  Lon.,  1818.  Con.  to  Med.  Chir.  Trans.,  1810- 
14.  See  Some  Account  of  the  Life  and  Character  of  Dr. 
Bateman,  Lon.,  1826,  8vo. 

Bates.     Life  of  Henry  of  Whitechurch,  1712,  8vo. 

Bates,  David,  an  American  poet,  resident  of  Phila 
delphia.  The  JEolian,  a  collection  of  Poems,  Phila.,  1848, 
12mo. 

Bates,  Elisha.  The  Doctrine  of  Friends,  or  Quakers, 
Providence,  1843,  12mo. 

Bates,  Ely.  Observations  on  some  important  points 
in  Divinity,  extracted  from  an  Author,  [Baxter,]  of  the 
last  century,  Lon.,  1793 ;  2d  ed.,  with  addit.,  1811,  8vo. 
Bickersteth  considers  this  as  a  "  middle  course"  between 
the  Armenians  and  the  Calvinists.  Christian  Politics, 
1802-06,  8vo. 

"  Useful.    He  adopts  Baxter's  sentiments."— BICKERSTETH. 


BAT 


Philosophy,  1803,  8vo;  2d  ed.,  1804. 
Bates,  Geo.  Ferae.     Sermon,  1814. 
Bates,  J.     Sermon,  1707,  8vo. 

Bates,  Joah,  1740-1799,  an  eminent  musical  compo- 
•er,  a  Fellow  and  tutor  of  King's  College,  Cambridge.  He 
was  the  author  of  the  celebrated  ode,  Here  shall  soft  charity 
repair. 

Bates,  John.     Sermons,  1714. 

Bates,  Thomas.  Enchiridions  of  Fevers  incident  to 
Seaman,  Lon.,  1709,  8vo.  Con.  to  Phil.  Trans.,  1718. 

Bates,  Thomas.  Address  to  the  Bd.  of  Agriculture, 
<fcc.,  on  improving  the  breed  of  Live  Stock,  Lon.,  1808,  8vo. 
Bates,  William,  D.D.,  1625-1699,  an  eminent  Puri 
tan  divine,  studied  in  Emanuel  College,  and  King's  Col 
lege,  Cambridge.  On  the  passing  of  the  Act  of  Uniformity 
in  1662,  he  retired  from  the  Church.  He  pub.  a  number 
of  theological  treatises,  1663-99.  These  were  collected 
and  pub.  in  a  folio  vol.  in  the  year  after  his  decease,  and 
again  in  1723.  His  principal  works  were,  The  Harmony 
of  the  Divine  Attributes  in  the  Redemption  of  Man,  1697. 
"  Bates  on  the  Attributes  is  too  much  confined  to  one,  to  answer 
the  purposes  of  a  practical  familiar  treatise."—  BICKERSTETH. 
Spiritual  Reflection  Unfolded  and  Enforced,  1699. 
"  In  the  Spiritual  Reflection  there  is  no  leaning  to  fanaticism  on 
the  one  hand,  or  to  lukewarmness  on  the  other."  Dr.  J.  Pye  Smith, 
in  his  introductory  essay  to  an  edition  of  this  work,  pub.  in  1834, 
"  does  ample  justice  both  to  the  history  and  character  of  the  author. 
.  .  .  This  non-conformist  divine  is  charming  and  elegant  as  a  writer." 
Bates  was  sometimes  called  the  "silver-tongued,"  and 
was  reckoned  the  politest  writer,  if  not  the  best  scholar,  of 
the  whole  body  of  ministers  who  retired  from  the  church 
in  1662,  on  the  passage  of  the  Act  of  Uniformity,  and 
formed  what  is  sometimes  called  the  "  Dissenting  Interest." 
Bickersteth  remarks  that  he  has  "many  happy  similes." 
Vitae  Selectorum  aliquot  virorum  qui  Doctrina,  Dignitate, 
aut  Pietate  inclaruere,  1681.  A  valuable  collection  of 
Lives  :  32  in  number.  Discourse  about  the  Four  Last 
Things,  viz.  :  Death,  Judgment,  Heaven,  and  Hell,  1691. 

"  Perhaps  the  most  elegant  of  Bates's  works.  .  .  .  The  Discourses 
are  admirable  specimens  of  sound  and  practical  theology,  conveyed 
in  an  elegant  and  most  attractive  style.  Any  one,  however,  who 
reads  it  carefully,  will  find,  that  some  of  his  best  passages  are  just 
the  expansion  of  ideas  picked  up  in  the  course  of  an  extensive 
study  of  the  fathers.  The  same  remark,  indeed,  applies  to  all  his 
works." 

Bates,  William,  Fellow,  Lect,  and  Heb.  Lect.  of 
Ch.  Coll.,  Camb.  College  Lectures  on  Eccles.  History  ; 
with  complete  sets  of  Cambridge,  Dublin,  and  Durham 
University  Examination  papers,  r.  12mo,  Lon.,  1844.  Col 
lege  Lectures  on  Christian  Antiquities,  <fcc.,  r.  12mo,  Lon., 
1845. 

Bateson,  or  Batson,  Peter.  Draining  of  Marsh, 
Lon.,  1700,  4to.  Navigation  of  Lyn,  Ac.,  1720,  8vo. 

Bateson,  Thomas.   A  writer  of  Madrigals  ;  organist 
of  Chester  Cathedral  about  the  year  1600. 
Bath,  Earl  of.     See  PULTENEY,  WILLIAM. 
Bath,Robt,  Surgeon.  Profess,  works,  Lon.,  1777-1805. 
Bathe,Wm.,  1564-1614,  a  learned  Jesuit,  born  in  Dub 
lin,  was  professor  of  languages  at  the  University  of  Sala 
manca.     An  Introduction  to  the  Art  of  Music,  Lon.,  1584, 
4to.   Janua  Linguarum,  Salam.,  1611.  He  also  pub.  several 
theological  treatises. 

Bather,  Edward,  1779-1847,  Archdeacon  of  Salop, 
of  Oriel  Coll.,  Oxford.  Sermons,  chiefly  practical,  3  vols. 
8vo,  Lon.:  vol.  i.,  3d  ed.,1840;  vol.  ii.,1829;  vol.  iii.,  1840. 
Hints  on  Catechizing;  2d  ed.,  1849.  Thoughts  on  the  De 
mand  for  Separation  of  Church  and  State,  Lon.,  1834,  8vo. 
He  also  pub.  14  charges  and  some  separate  sermons. 
Bathie,  Arch.,  Surgeon.  Con.  to  Med.  Com.,  1775. 
Bathurst,  Henry,  1744-1837,  Bishop  of  Norwich, 
educated  at  Winchester  and  New  Coll.,  Oxf.  A  Charge, 
1806;  do.,  1815.  Sermons,  1794,  1810.  A  Letter  to  Wm. 
Wilberforce,  1818.  See  Memoirs  by  Archdeacon  Bathurst, 
2  vols.  8vo,  1837,  and  Supplement  to  do.,  1842,  8vo  ;  also 
Memoirs  and  Correspondence,  by  his  Daughter,  8vo. 

Bathurst,  Henry,  Earl  Bathurst,  1714-1794.  The 
Case  of  Miss  Swordfeger,  Lon.,4to.  Theory  of  Evidence,  8  vo. 
Bathurst,  Ralph,  1620-1704,  a  clergyman,  physician, 
and  poet,  educated  at  Trinity  Coll.,  Oxf.,  was  named  by 
William  and  Mary  to  the  Bishopric  of  Bristol,  but  declined 
the  preferment.  He  was  President  of  Trinity  College,  and 
Vice-chancellor  of  the  University.  Diatribae  Theologicse, 
Philosophic^,  et  Philologicae  ;  read  in  the  college  hall, 
1649.  Dr.  Derham  attributes  to  him  a  pamphlet,  entitled 
News  from  the  Dead.  pub.  1651  ;  and  Carrere  gives  him 
credit  for  the  authorship  of  Prselectiones  tres  de  Respira- 
tione,  Oxon.,  1654.  As  a  classical  scholar  Dr.  Bathurst  was 
very  eminent.  His  iambics  prefixed  to  Holles's  Treatise 
of  Human  Nature,  pub.  1650,  have  been  greatly  admired. 


BAT 

"  His  Latin  Orations  are  wonderful  specimens  of  wit  and  anti 
thesis,  which  were  the  delight  of  his  age.  They  want,  upon  the 
whole,  the  purity  and  simplicity  of  Tully's  eloquence,  but  even 
exceed  the  sententious  smartness  of  Seneca  and  the  surprising 
turns  of  Pliny.  . .  .  That  pregnant  brevity  which  constitutes  the 
dignity  and  energy  of  the  iambic,  seems  to  have  been  his  talent." 
— Life  by  Warton. 

"  Although  he  maintained  the  most  exact  discipline  in  his  col 
lege,  his  method  of  instruction  chiefly  consisted  in  turning  the 
faults  of  the  delinquent  scholars  into  ridicule,  in  which  expedient 
he  always  effectually  succeeded;  all  the  young  students  admired 
and  loved  him." — EARL  OF  BATHURST,  nephew  to  the  Doctor. 

See   Biog.  Brit.;  Wood's   Athen.   Oxon.;  History  of 
Oxford. 

Bathurst,  Theodore,  a  student  of  Pembroke  Coll., 
Cambridge,  trans,  into  Latin  verse  Spenser's  Shepherd's 
Calendar,  pub.  1653,  by  Dr.  Dillingham,  of  Emanuel 
College.  This  trans,  was  highly  commended  by  Sir  Rich. 
Fanshawe. 

Batley,  Samuel.    Maximum  in  Minimo. 
Batman,  or  Bateman,  Stephen,  d.  1587,  a  divine 
and  a  poet  of  considerable  note,  is  said  to  have  been  a 
native  of  Bruton,  in  Somersetshire.     He  studied  philoso 
phy  and  divinity  at  Cambridge,  and  became  chaplain  and 
librarian  to  Archbishop  Parker.     In  1569  he  pub.  1.  The 
Travayled  Pilgrime,  bringing  Newes  from  all  Parts  of 
the  Worlde,  such  like  scarce  harde  before,  4to.     [Lon., 
I  by  John  Denham.]     Black   Letter,   with   20   wood-cuts. 
i  This  is  an  allegorical-theological  romance  of  the  life  of 
man,  in  verse  of  14  syllables,  introducing  historical  inci 
dents  and  characters  relative  to  the  reigns  of  Henry  VIIL, 
Edward  VI.,  Queens  Mary  and  Elizabeth.     Sold  at  Sothe- 
I  by's,  in  1821,  for  £29  18s.  6d. ;  resold,  Perry,  pt.  i.  618,  for 
£26  15s.  6d. 

2.  A  Christall  Glasse  of  Christian  Reformation,  London, 

by  John  Day,  1569,  4to.     With  many  wood  cuts.     Joyfull 

|  Newes  out  of  Helvetia,  Ac.,  1575,  8vo.     3.  Golden  Booke 

of  the  Leaden  Goddes,  &c.,  1577,  4to,  dedicated  to  Lord 

Henry  Gary. 

"  Shakspeare  is  supposed  to  have  consulted  this  book,  which  may 
be  considered  as  the  first  attempt  towards  a  Pantheon,  or  descrip 
tion  of  the  Heathen  Gods." 

4.  A  Preface  before  John  Rogers's  Displaying  of  the 

Family  of  Love,  1579,  8vo.     5.  Doome  warning  all  Men 

to  Judgement;  In  maner  of  a  generate  Chronicle,  1581, 

4to.     6.  Of  the  Arrivall  of  the  3  Graces  in  Anglia,  lament- 

]  ing  the  Abuses  of  the  Present  Age,  4to,  sine  anno.     7. 

j  Notes  to  Leland's  Assertio  Arthur!,  trans,  by  Richard  Ro- 

j  binson,  sine  anno.     8.  Batman  vpon  Bartholome  his  Book 

De  Proprietatibus  Rerum,  newly  corrected,  enlarged,  and 

amended,  fol.,  1582.      See  BARTHOLOM^EUS  ANGLICTJS,  in 

this  volume.      Batman  revelled  in  his  patron's  library  in  the 

true  Dominie  Sampson  spirit :  he  tells  us  that  he  increased 

its  treasures  by  six  thousand  seven  hundred  books  in  four 

years ;  and  more  than  one  thousand  manuscripts  collected 

by  his  pains  bore  witness  to  his  laudable  zeal. 

"First  by  conference  with  Master  Steuen  Batman,  a  learned 
preacher  and  friendlie  fauourer  of  vertue  and  learning,  touching 
I  the  praise  worthie  progenie  of  this  K.  Arthure,  he  gave  me  this 
1  assured  knowledge  on  this  maner  taken  out  of  his  auncient  re 
cords  written  at  Aualonia." — Robinson's  trans,  of  Leland's  Arthure. 
Batmanson,  John,  d.  1531,  a  Roman  Catholic  di 
vine,  studied  divinity  at  Oxford.  He  wrote  against  the 
doctrines  of  the  Reformation.  1.  Animadversions  in  An- 
notationes  Erasmi  in  Novum  Testamentum.  2.  A  Trea 
tise  against  some  of  M.  Luther's  writings.  3.  Comnien- 
taria  in  Proverbia  Salomonis.  4.  In  Cantica  Canticorum. 
5.  De  Unica  Magdelena,  contra  Fabrum  Stapulensem.  6. 
Institutiones  Noviciorum.  7.  De  Contempti  Mundi.  8. 
De  Christo  duodenni ;  A  Homily  on  Luke  ii.  42.  9.  On 
the  words  " Missus  est"  &c.  It  is  supposed  that  several 
of  these  works  were  never  printed. 

"  John  Batmanson  controverted  Erasmus's  Commentary  on  the 
New  Testament  with  a  degree  of  spirit  and  erudition,  which  was 
unhappily  misapplied,  but  would  have  done  honour  to  the  cause 
of  his  antagonist  in  respect  to  the  learning  displayed." — WARTO.Y. 
Bale,  Pits,  Tanner,  Biog.  Brit.,  Athen.  Oxon.,  Dodd's 
Ch.  History,  Chalmers's  Biog.  Diet. 

Batt,  C.  W.  Diss.  on  Luke  vii.  19.  2d  ed.,  12mo, 
Lon.,  1789. 

Batt,  Michael.    Sermon,  1  Cor.  iv.  21,  1686,  4to. 
Batt,  Wm.,  1744-1812,  educated  at  Oxford,  Con.  Me- 
moirs  to  Trans.  Med.  Soc.  of  E.  of  Genoa. 

Batt,  Wm.     Sermon,  Matt.  xii.  25,  1754,  4to. 
Battel,  Andrew.     See  his  Adventures,  written  from 
his  dictation  by  Purchas :  Collec.  of  Voyages,  vol.  2d. 
Battell,  Ralph.     Sermons,  1683-94. 
Battely,  John,  D.D.,   1647-1708,  an  antiquary  of 
note,  was  Fellow  of  Trinity  College,  Cambridge,  chaplain 
to  Archbp.  Sancroft,  and  afterwards  Archdeacon  of  Can 
terbury.     In  1711  Dr.  Thomas  Terry  pub.  Dr.  B.'a  Anti- 


BAT 


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quitates  Rutupinae,  8vo.  The  subject  is  the  ancient  state 
of  the  Isle  of  Thanet. 

"  It  gives  the  reader  a  most  entertaining  account  of  the  ancient 
Rutupinae  and  Regulbium,  with  other  cities  and  ports  on  the  coast 
of  Kent,  well  known  to  the  Romans,  whose  money  and  utensils 
are  here  daily  discovered,  and  were  plentifully  collected  by  the 
curious  author." — Bp.  Nicolson's  Eng.  Hist.  Library. 

A  second  ed.  was  pub.  in  1745  with  the  author's  Anti- 
quitates  Edmondburgi,  an  unfinished  history  of  his  native 
place,  and  its  ancient  monastery,  down  to  the  year  1272. 
In  1774  John  Buncombe  pub.  a  trans,  of  the  Antiquitates 
Rutupinse,  under  the  title  of  The  Antiquities  of  Richbo- 
rough  and  Reculver,  abridged  from  the  Latin  of  Mr. 
Archdeacon  Battely,  Lon.,  12mo. 

Battely,  Nicholas,  brother  to  the  above,  edited  an 
improved  ed.  of  Somner's  Antiquities  of  Canterbury,  and 
wrote  some  papers  and  accounts  of  Eastbridge  Hospital  in 
Canterbury,  pub.  in  Strype's  Life  of  Whitgift. 

Batterfield,  R.    A  work  on  the  Church  of  Rome. 

Battersby,  John.    Tell  Tale  Sofas,  1814. 

Battersiej  John.     Acct.  of  a  Discourse,  Lon.,  1714. 

Batteson,  Philip.  God's  Revenge  against  Murder 
and  Adultery  remarkably  displayed  in  Thirty  Tragical 
Histories,  Lon.,  1779,  4to. 

Battie,  William.     Sermons,  1678,  8vo. 

Battie,  William,  M.D.,  1774-1776,  was  educated  at 
Eton,  and  at  King's  College,  Cambridge.  In  1729  he  pub. 
Isocrates'  Orationes  Septem  et  Epistolse,  Cantab.,  8vo.  A 
2d  ed.,  more  complete  than  the  first,  was  pub.  in  2  vols., 
1749,  8vo.  De  Principiis  Animalibus  Exercitationes,  in 
Coll.  Reg.  Medicorum,  Lon.,  1751,  4to.  A  Treatise  on 
Madness,  Lon.,  1758,  4to.  Aphorism!,  <fcc.,  Lon.,  1760, 
4to.  In  1750  Battie  took  part  in  the  controversy  between 
the  Royal  Coll.  of  Phys.  and  Dr.  Schomberg.  He  was 
made  the  subject  of  severe  ridicule  in  the  Battiad,  of 
which  Paul  Whitehead,  Moses  Mendez,  and  Dr.  Schom 
berg,  were  the  authors.  He  was  also  engaged  in  a  dispute 
with  Dr.  John  Mouro. 

Batting, John.  Chirurgical  Facts,  Ac.,  Oxf.,  1760, 8vo. 

Battishill,  Jonathan,  1738-1801,  an  eminent  mu 
sician  and  composer,  author  of  the  well-known  glee,  Un 
derneath  this  Myrtle  shade,  and  other  admired  pieces. 

Batty,  Adam.  Serm.,  1728.  26  Serms.,  1739,  2 
vols.  8vo. 

Batty,  Barth.  The  Christian  Man's  Closet,  <fec.,  col 
lected  in  Latin ;  Englished  by  W.  Louth,  Lon.,  1581-82, 4to. 

Batty,  E.  Reports  of  Cases  in  C.  of  K.  Bench  in  Ire 
land,  1825-26,  Dub.,  1828. 

Batty,  Joseph.     Sermon  on  Gal.  i.  1. 

Batty,  R.,  M.D.  The  Med.  and  Phys.  Journal,  con 
ducted  by  Drs.  Batty,  Bradley,  and  Noehden. 

Batty,  or  Baty,  Richard,  d.  1758.  Serms.  1750,  '1,  '6. 

Batty,  Lt.  Col.  Robt.  Campaigne,  &c.f  1813-14. 
Lt.  Col.  B.  has  pub.  several  works  on  Scenery,  illustrated  by 
his  own  drawings.  See  Lowndes's  Bibliographer's  Manual. 

Batty,  Wm.,  M.D.   Con.  to  Annals  of  Med.  1801. 

Battye,  Thos.  A  Disclosure,  <fcc.,  Manches.,  1796, 8vo. 
The  Red  Basil  Book,  or  Parish  Register,  <fec.,  1797,  8vo. 

Bauer,  F.    Horticult.  "Works,  Lon.,  1796,  1813. 

Baughe,  Thos.  A  Summons  to  Judgment;  A  Ser 
mon,  Lon.,  1614,  4to. 

Bavaunde,  W.  Trans.  The  Good  Orderynge  of  a 
Commoneweale,  <fcc.,  Lon.,  1559,  4to. 

Baverstock,  J.  Works  on  Brewing,  Lon.,  1785-92. 
1812. 

Bauthnmley,  Jacob.  Theolog.  Works,  Lon.,  1650-76. 

Bawden,  Wm.,  d.  1816,  an  English  clergyman,  un 
dertook  a  trans,  of  Domesday  Book,  which  was  to  be  con 
tained  in  10  vols.  He  only  lived  to  complete  2  vols.,  pub. 
Lon.,  1809,  '12,  4to. 

Baxter,  Alexander.  Con.  to  Phil.  Trans.  Abr.,  1787. 

Baxter,  Andrew,  b.  about  1686,  d.  1750,  was  born 
at  Old  Aberdeen  in  Scotland,  and  educated  at  the  univer 
sity  of  this  town.  His  time  was  usefully  employed  as  pri 
vate  tutor  to  young  gentlemen.  Among  his  pupils  were  Lord 
Grey,  Lord  Blantyre,  and  Mr.  Hay  of  Drummelzier.  With 
the  latter  he  travelled,  and  resided  from  1741  to  1747  on 
the  continent.  He  pub.  An  Enquiry  into  the  Nature  of  the 
Human  Soul,  wherein  its  immateriality  is  evinced  from  the 
Principles  of  Reason  and  Philosophy,  Lon.  4to,  sine  anno; 
2d  ed.,  1737,  2  vols.  8vo  ;  3d  ed.,  1745,  2  vols.  8vo.  In  1750 
was  pub.  an  appendix  to  his  Enquiry,  in  which  he  answers 
some  objections  of  Maclaurin's.  To  this  appendix  is  pre 
fixed  a  dedication  to  the  well  known,  or  we  should  rather 
say  widely  known,  John  Wilkes.  In  1779  Rev.  Dr.  Dun 
can  pub.  The  Evidence  of  Reason  in  proof  of  the  Immor 
tality  of  the  Soul,  independent  on  the  more  abstruse  In 
quiry  into  the  Nature  of  Matter  and  Spirit :  collected  from 


the  MSS.  of  Mr.  Baxter,  Lon.,  8vo.  He  drew  up  for  the 
use  of  his  pupils  and  his  son,  a  piece  entitled  Matho,  sive 
Cosmotheoria  puerilis  Dialogus,  <fcc.,  Lon,,  1740,  2  vols. 
8vo.  This  work  enlarged  was  pub.  in  English  in  1745  ; 
Matho,  Ac.,  wherein  from  the  Phenomena  of  the  Material 
World,  briefly  explained,  the  principles  of  Natural  Reli 
gion  are  deduced  and  demonstrated,  Lon.  2  vols.  8vo ;  3d 
ed.  1765.  Baxter's  treatise  on  the  soul  has  been  highly 
commended. 

"  He  who  would  see  the  justest  and  precisest  notions  of  God, 
and  the  soul,  may  read  this  book ;  one  of  the  most  finished  of  the 
kind,  in  my  humble  opinion,  that  the  present  times,  greatly  ad 
vanced  in  true  philosophy,  have  produced." — BP.  WARBURTON. 

Baxter  builds  his  reasoning  upon  the  principle  of  the 
via  inertice  of  matter.  Hume  objects  to  his  system,  with 
out  naming  him,  in  his  Enquiry  concerning  Human  Under 
standing.  We  have  seen  that  Baxter  did  not  live  to  com 
plete  his  design. 

"I  own  if  it  had  been  the  will  of  Heaven,  I  would  gladly  have 
lived  till  I  had  put  in  order  the  second  part  of  the  Inquiry,  show 
ing  the  immortality  of  the  human  soul ;  but  infinite  wisdom  can 
not  be  mistaken  in  calling  me  sooner.  Our  blindness  makes  us 
form  wishes." — Letter  to  John  Wilkes. 

"  Mr.  Baxter  endeavours  to  prove  that  dreams  are  produced  by 
the  agency  of  some  spiritual  beings,  who  either  amuse,  or  employ 
themselves  seriously,  in  engaging  mankind  in  all  those  imaginary 
transactions  with  which  they  are  employed  in  dreaming." 

"  Baxter's  Inquiry  displays  considerable  ingenuity,  as  well  as 
learning.  Some  of  the  remarks  on  Berkeley's  argument  against 
the  existence  of  matter  are  acute  and  j  ust.  and.  at  the  time  when 
they  were  published,  had  the  merit  of  novelty."— DUG ALD  STEWART. 

Baxter,  Benjamin.  A  Posing  Question  by  Solomon, 
of  making  a  Judgment  of  Temporal  Conditions ;  in  seve 
ral  Sermons  on  Eccles.  viii.  12,  Lon.,  1661,  8vo. 

Baxter,  J.   Toil  for  Two-legged  Foxes,  Lon.,  1600,  8vo. 

Baxter^  John.  Wiltshire  Farmer,  Lon.,  Svo;  Agri 
cultural  Gleaner,  p.  8vo ;  Library  of  Practical  Agriculture, 
1834,  8vo,  4th  ed.  enlarged,  1846,  2  vols.  roy.  8vo. 

"  It  contains  much  useful  matter  that  is  interesting  to  the  for 
mer  and  gardener.  ...  Its  deservings  are  above  mediocrity." — 
Donaldson's  Agricult.  Biography. 

Baxter,  John  A.  The  Church  History  of  England, 
from  the  Introduction  of  Christianity  into  Britain  to  the 
Present  Time,  2d  ed.,  Lon.,  1849,  8vo. 

"  We  have  examined  with  pleasure  the  Church  History  of  Eng 
land,  by  the  Rev.  J.  A.  Baxter,  M.  A.  It  is  fairly  written,  with  con 
siderable  ability,  and  will  prove  a  serviceable  manual  to  the  stu 
dent." — Oh.  of  England  Magazine. 

Baxter,  Joseph,  1676-1745,  minister  of  Medfield, 
Massachusetts,  pub.  Sermons,  1727-29. 

Baxter,  N.  A.  Soueraigne  Salue  for  a  Sinfull  Soule, 
&c.,  Lon.,  1585,  8vo. 

Baxter,  R.  A.     Paraphrase  on  the  N.  Test.,  1810,  8vo. 

Baxter,  Richard,  1615-1691,  a  celebrated  Noncon 
formist  divine,  was  a  native  of  Rowton  in  Hampshire. 
In  1638  he  was  ordained  by  Bishop  Thornborough,  and 
two  years  later  was  chosen  vicar  of  Kidderminster.  On 
the  breaking  out  of  the  civil  war,  he  desired  to  remain 
neutral;  but  suspecting  the  ambitious  designs  of  parlia 
ment,  he  resolved  "  to  repair  instantly  to  the  army,  and 
use  his  utmost  endeavours  to  bring  the  soldiers  back  to 
the  principles  of  loyalty  to  the  king,  and  submission  to 
the  church."  When  Cromwell  was  declared  protector,  he 
bravely  "  withstood  him  to  the  face,"  telling  him  that  "  the 
honest  people  of  the  land  took  their  ancient  monarchy  to 
be  a  blessing,  and  not  an  evil."  Whilst  chaplain  to  Colonel 
Whalley's  regiment,  he  wrote  his  best-known  work,  The 
Saint's  Rest.  The  Act  of  Uniformity  of  1662  drove  him 
from  that  church  of  which  he  had  been  so  useful  a  mem 
ber.  In  the  same  year  he  married  Margaret,  daughter  of 
Francis  Charleton,  Esq.,  of  Shropshire,  a  magistrate.  In 
1682  this  excellent  man  was  seized  for  coming  within  five 
miles  of  a  corporate  town;  again,  in  1684,  he  was  sub 
jected  to  the  same  ill  usage,  and  indeed  for  years  his  life 
was  harassed  by  these  unchristian  persecutions.  In  May, 
1684-85,he  was  tried  before  Lord-chief-justice  Jeffreys  upon 
a  charge  of  sedition,  founded  upon  his  Notes  on  the  New 
Testament.  On  this  occasion,  Jeffreys  displayed  his  usual 
brutality.  When  Baxter  asked  for  time,  this  upright  judge 
exclaimed, 

"  I  will  not  give  him  a  moment's  more  time  to  save  his  life. 
Yonder  stands  Gates  in  the  pillory  with  him.  I  would  say  two 
of  the  greatest  rogues  and  rascals  in  the  kingdom  stood  there." 

When  Baxter  endeavoured  to  speak — 

"Richard!  Richard!"  ejaculated  the  judge,  "dost  thou  think 
we'll  hear  thee  poison  the  court  ?  Richard,  thou  art  an  old  fellow, 
an  old  knave;  thou  hast  written  books  enough  to  load  a  cart 
Hadst  thou  been  whipt  out  of  thy  writing  trade  forty  years  ago, 
it  had  been  happy." 

Jeffreys  would  gladly  have  inflicted  the  whipping  now, 
through  the  streets  of  the  city,  but  the  other  judge  had  less 
brutality;  and  the  sentence  was  only  a  fine  of  500  marks, 
imprisonment  till  paid,  and  bonds  for  good  behaviour  for 


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seven  years !  But  Lord  Powis,a  nobleman  (in-deed)  of  the 
Roman  Catholic  Church,  exerted  himself  successfully  to 
have  the  fine  remitted,  and  he  was  liberated  after  an  im 
prisonment  of  about  eighteen  months.  The  remaining 
five  years  of  his  life  were  unmolested  by  his  persecutors. 
He  continued  preaching  until  December,  1691,  when  he 
died  "  in  great  peace  and  joy." 

Among  his  best  known  works  are :  1.  The  Saint's  Ever 
lasting  Rest,  Lon.,  1650.  2.  A  Call  to  the  Unconverted, 
Lon.,  1669.  3.  Christian  Directory,  Lon.,  1673.  4.  The 
Poor  Man's  Family  Book,  Lon.,  1674.  5.  The  Cure  of  Me 
lancholy,  <fcc.,  Lon.,  1683.  6.  A  Paraphrase  on  the  New 
Testament,  Lon.,  1685.  7.  Dying  Thoughts,  Lon.,  1688. 
8  Reliquiae  Baxterianaa,  or  his  own  Narrative  of  his  Life 
and  Times,  pub.  by  M.  Sylvester,  Lon.,  1696,  fol.  He  is 
said  to  have  been  the  author  of  above  120  books,  (Watt 
enumerates  112,)  and  to  have  had  more  than  half  that 
number  written  against  him. 

A  collection  of  his  Discourses  was  pub.  in  1707,  4  vols. 
fol.  He  was  a  deeply  learned  and  most  holy  man.  Lord 
William  Russell,  before  his  execution,  sent  to  Baxter  his 
hearty  thanks  for  his  Dying  Thoughts. 

"  Such  have  made  me  better  acquainted  with  the  other  world 
than  I  was  before,  and  have  not  a  little  contributed  to  my  support 
and  relief,  and  to  the  fitting  me  for  what  I  am  to  go  through." 

20,000  copies  of  the  Call  to  the  Unconverted  were  sold 
in  a  twelvemonth,  and  it  was  translated  into  all  the  Euro 
pean  languages,  and  into  one  of  the  dialects  of  India. 
He  is  said  to 

"  Have  preached  more  sermons,  engaged  in  more  controversies, 
and  written  more  boots,  than  any  other  Nonconformist  of  the  age." 
In  his  efforts  for  the  spiritual  welfare  of  his  flock,  he 
was  a  bright  example  to  all  ministers  : 

"  Visiting  from  house  to  house,  prevailing  on  them  almost  uni 
versally  to  practise  FAMILY  PRATER,  and  instrumentally  effecting 
a  great  reform  among  them." 

Bishop  Stillingfleet  speaks  of  him  as 
"  Our  reverend  and  learned  Mr.  Baxter." 

"  A  person  of  great  devotion  and  piety,  and  of  a  very  subtile  and 
quick  apprehension." — BISHOP  BURNET. 

Bishop  Patrick  refers  to  "  his  learned  and  pious  endea 
vours  ;"  and  he  had  the  esteem  and  friendship  of  many 
great  and  worthy  men,  as  Chief  Justice  Hale,  Archbishop 
Tillotson,  the  Earl  of  Lauderdale,  <fcc.  Dr.  Manton  thought 
he  came  nearest  the  apostolical  writings  of  any  man  of  his 
age.  Archbishop  Usher  importuned  him  to  write  on  the 
subject  of  Conversion.  Dr.  Barrow  declared, 

"  His  practical  writings  were  never  mended,  his  controversial, 
seldom  refuted." 

"  His  books,  for  their  number  and  variety  of  matter,  make  a  li 
brary.  They  contain  a  rich  treasure  of  controversial,  casuistical, 
positive,  and  practical  divinity." — DR.  BATES. 

"  The  best  method  of  forming  a  correct  opinion  of  Baxter's  la 
bours  for  the  press,  is  by  comparing  them  with  some  of  his  breth 
ren  who  wrote  a  great  deal.  The  works  of  Bishop  Hall  amount  to 
10  vols.  8vo ;  Lightfoot's  extend  to  13 ;  Jeremy  Taylor's  to  15 ;  Dr. 
Goodwin's  would  make  about  20 ;  Dr.  Owen's  extend  to  28 ;  Bax 
ter's,  if  printed  in  a  uniform  edition,  would  not  be  comprised  in 
less  than  SIXTY  VOLUMES  1" 

"  He  was  the  fittest  man  of  the  age  for  a  casuist,  because  he 
feared  no  man's  displeasure,  nor  hoped  for  any  man's  preferment." 
— HON.  ROBT.  BOYLE. 

"  Baxter's  work  on  the  New  Testament,  like  most  of  his  practi 
cal  divinity,  is  plain,  forcible,  and  improving." — GIRDLESTONE. 

"  It  is  rather  of  a  practical  than  a  critical  nature.  It  is  designed 
not  so  much  for  the  use  of  the  learned,  '  as  of  religious  families  in 
their  daily  reading  of  the  Scriptures,  and  of  the  poorer  sort  of 
scholars,  and  ministers,  who  want  fuller  helps.'  To  such,  the  work 
is  fitted  to  be  useful ;  but  even  others  will  find  occasionally  some 
very  important  suggestions,  and  the  true  meaning  of  a  difficult 
passage  pointed  out  with  no  parade  of  learning."— ORME. 

"  The  annotations  at  the  end  of  the  chapters  are,  for  the  most 
part,  very  short,  and  contain  much  sound  sense  and  piety."— T. 

II.  HORNE. 

"  It  is  very  plain,  but  with  much  piety  and  good  sense.  Baxter 
was  a  truly  pious  and  practical  writer,  with  lively  views  of  eter 
nity." — BlCKERSTETH. 

The  same  critic  considers  our  author's  Catholic  Theology  as 
"well  calculated  to  abate  self-conceit.  An  extensive  view  of  dif 
ferent  opinions :"  his  "  Reasons  of  the  Christian  Religion  is  a  pow 
erful  treatise :"  his  "  Church  History  of  the  Government  of  Bishops, 
contains  much  information  respecting  the  errors  of  Councils,  taken 
from  Binnius  and  Crabbe :"  his  "  Narrative  of  his  Life  and  Times 
is  a  very  instructive  and  entertaining  work,  respecting  one  of  the 
most  interesting  periods  of  English  History.  Allowance  should 
be  made  for  the  imperfection  of  every  human  writer,  and  for  his 
peculiarities.  Bitter  animadversions  were  published  on  this  work 
in  1696,  entitled  Vindiciaj  Anti-Baxterianse." 

"  He  must  be  very  wise  or  very  stupid  to  whom  Baxter  can  im 
part  no  instruction." — ORME. 

"  His  books  of  Practical  Divinity  have  been  effectual  for  more 
numerous  conversions  of  sinners  to  God,  than  any  printed  in  our 
time;  and  while  the  church  remains  on  earth,  will  be  of  continual 
efficacy  to  recover  lost  souls." — DR.  BATES. 

Dr.  Calamy  says  of  The  Saint's  Everlasting  Rest, 

''This  is  the  book  for  which  multitudes  will  have  cause  to  bless 


BAX 

God  for  ever.  .  .  .  The  examples  of  heavenly  meditation  which 
Baxter  gives,  really  breathe  of  heaven ;  and  the  importance  of  such 
meditation  as  a  duty,  and  as  a  means  of  spiritual  growth,  is  admi 
rably  set  forth,  and  most  powerfully  enforced." 

A  celebrated  critic  remarks  of  Gildas  Salvianus,  or  Re 
formed  Pastor, 

"In  the  whole  compass  of  divinity,  there  is  scarcely  any  thing 
superior  to  this  valuable  practical  treatise,  in  close  pathetic  ap 
peals  to  the  conscience  of  the  minister  of  Christ  upon  the  primary 
duties  of  his  office.  The  main  object  is  to  press  the  necessity  of  his 
bringing  home  the  truth  of  the  Gospel  to  every  individual  of  his 
flock,  by  affectionate,  cathechetical  instruction." 

Dr.  Samuel  Clarke  considered  our  author's  Reasons  of 
the  Christian  Religion  as  one  of  the  most  masterly  per 
formances  on  the  subject  of  any  in  the  English  language. 

"  In  it  Baxter  examines  Lord  Herbert's  book,  On  Truth,  and 
furnishes  some  ingenious,  judicious,  and  valuable  remarks  by  way 
of  answer." — BOGUE. 

"  Baxter's  Reasons  contain  an  able  statement  of  the  evidences." 

— BlCKERSTETH. 

His  Key  for  Catholics  to  open  the  Juggling  of  the  Je 
suits  has  been  commended  as 

"  A  masterly  refutation  of  the  errors  and  peculiar  dogmas  and 
a  thorough  exposure  of  all  the  deceitful  arts  of  the  Romish  Church 
and  Jesuitism." 

His  Church  History  of  Bishops,  and  Treatise  on  Epis 
copacy, 

"  Are  among  the  best  of  Baxter's  writings  which  have  not  been 
republished,  and  well  deserve  the  attention  of  inquirers  into  the 
affairs  of  the  Church." — ORME. 

"  His  vouchers  are  beyond  all  exception." — WESLEY. 

"  There  is  a  living  energy  and  spirit  in  the  practical  writings  of 
Baxter,  which  the  reader  seldom  meets  with  in  any  other  author. 
His  appeals  to  the  conscience  are  often  mighty  and  irresistible." 
— Williams' s  Christian  Preacher. 

"  Baxter  wrote  as  in  the  view  of  eternity ;  but  generally  judi 
cious,  nervous,  spiritual,  and  evangelical,  though  often  charged 
with  the  contrary.  He  discovers  a  manly  eloquence,  and  the  most 
evident  proofs  of  an  amazing  genius,  with  respect  to  which  he  may 
not  improperly  be  called  the  English  Demosthenes."— Doddridge's 
Lect.  on  Preaching. 

"  Pray  read  with  great  attention  Baxter's  Life  of  himself;  it  is 
an  inestimable  work.  There  is  no  substitute  for  it  in  a  course  of 
study  for  a  clergyman  or  public  man ;  I  could  almost  as  soon  doubt 
the  Gospel  verity  as  Baxter's  veracity."— COLERIDGE. 

Dr.  Dibdin  describes  Baxter  as 

"  A  divine  of  a  most  capricious,  yet  powerful  and  original,  mind. 
What  Prynne  was  in  law  and  history,  Baxter  was  in  theology :  as 
the  similarity,  in  point  of  quaintness,  in  the  titles  of  their  re 
spective  works,  testifies." 

"  Baxter  is  my  particular  favourite :  it  is  impossible  to  tell  you 
how  much  I  am  charmed  with  the  devotion,  good  sense,  and  pa 
thos,  which  is  everywhere  to  be  found  in  him." — DODDRIDGE. 

"  He  cultivated  every  subject  he  handled,  and  if  he  had  lived  in 
the  primitive  time,  he  had  been  one  of  the  fathers  of  the  church. 
It  was  enough  for  one  age  to  produce  such  a  person." — BISHOP 
WILKINS. 

"  His  life  contains  much  useful  matter,  and  many  valuable  par 
ticulars  of  the  time  of  Charles  I." — WILBERFORCE. 

Boswell  records  the  opinion  of  his  great  friend  : 

"  I  asked  him  what  works  of  Richard  Baxter's  I  should  read.  Ho 
said  '  Read  any  of  them ;  they  are  all  good.'"  Another  of  John 
son's  friends  tells  us  that  the  doctor  "  thought  Baxter's  Reasons  of 
the  Christian  Religion  contained  the  best  collection  of  the  evidences 
of  the  divinity  of  the  Christian  system." 

Works  with  life,  by  Rev.  Wm.  Orme,  Lon.,  1830,  23  vols. 
8vo,  £12  12s.  Qd.  Practical  works,  Lon.,  1847,  4  vols.  imp. 
8vo,  £3  3«.  Qd. 

Baxter,  Thomas.  The  Circle  squared,  Lon.,  1732, 
8vo.  Matho,  or  the  Principles  of  Astronomy  &  N.  Philos., 
accommodated  to  the  Use  of  Younger  Persons,  Lon.,  1740, 
8vo.  Once  a  popular  work. 

Baxter,  Thomas.  An  Illustration  of  the  Egyptian, 
Grecian,  and  Rom.  Costume,  with  Descrip.,  Lon.,  1810,  8vo. 

Baxter,  William,  1650-1723,  born  at  Llangollen,  in 
Shropshire,  was  a  nephew  of  the  celebrated  Richard  Baxter. 
•He  became  a  proficient  in  antiquarian  investigations  and 
in  the  dead  languages.  In  1679  he  pub.  a  Latin  Gram 
mar;  and  in  1695  an  ed.  of  Anacreon,  which  was  reprinted 
in  1710  with  improvements,  which  are  said  to  be  taken 
from  the  ed.  of  Joshua  Barnes,  pub.  in  1705.  In  1701 
appeared  his  celebrated  ed.  of  Horace ;  the  2d  ed.  of  which 
was  pub.  in  1725.  Dr.  Harwood  praises  Baxter's  ed.  as 

"  By  far  the  best  edition  of  Horace  ever  published.  I  have  read 
it  many  times  through,  and  know  its  singular  worth.  England 
has  not  produced  a  more  elegant  or  judicious  critic  than  Baxter." 

Gesner's  Horace  was  based  upon  Baxter's,  and  Bishop 
Lowth  pronounced  the  2d  ed.  of  Gesner's,  pub.  in  1772, 
the  best  ed.  of  Horace  ever  delivered  to  the  world.  Mr. 
Baxter  was  engaged  in  several  otlrer  literary  labours.  In 
1719  was  pub.  a  portion  of  his  Glossarium  Antiquitatum 
Britannicarum ;  the  whole  of  this  work  was  pub.  before 
his  death  at  the  expense  of  that  ornament  to  literature,  as 
well  as  to  the  healing  art,  Dr.  Richard  Mead.  That  which 
relates  to  the  letter  A  was  reprinted  in  the  Reliquiae  Bax- 
terianse.  His  etymologies  in  this  work  are  often  correct 
and  undeniable,  but  some  are  capricious. 


BAX 


BAY 


"  His  conjectures  will  sometimes  appear  to  be  too  bold,  and  too 
much  out  of  the  common  road ;  but  more  often  surprisingly  in 
structive,  and  always  pleasant  and  diverting  to  either  a  British  or 
Irish  Antiquary." — BISHOP  NICOLSON. 

Baxter,  William.  British  Phoenogamous  Botany, 
6  vols.  Svo,  £5  15». ;  coloured  plates,  £9,  Lon.,  1843. 

Baxter,  W.  E.  1.  America  and  Americans,  Lon., 
12mo.  2.  Impressions  of  Central  and  Southern  Europe, 
Svo.  3.  Travels  in  Portugal,  Spain,  Italy,  1850-51,  2  vols. 
p.  8vo. 

Bay,  E.  H.  Reports  of  Cases  in  Superior  Courts  of 
Law  in  S.  Carolina  since  the  Revolution;  2d  ed.,  2  vols. 
8vo,  New  York,  1809-11. 

Bay,  W.    Work  on  the  Dysentery,  N.  York,  1797,  8vo. 

Bayard,  Elise  Justine,  d.  in  New  York,  was  the 
wife  of  Fulton  Cutting,  Esq.,  contributed  a  number  of 
poetical  pieces  to  the  periodicals  of  the  day,  The  Literary 
World,  The  Knickerbocker,  &c. 

"The  amateur  votary  has  shewn  a  vigor  of  thought,  emotion, 
and  expression  in  some  of  her  productions  which  gives  the  highest 
promise  of  what  she  may  accomplish  should  she  devote  her  fine 
intelligence  to  literature." — Griswold's  Female  Poets  of  America. 

"  The  few  poems  that  she  has  published  are  enough  to  entitle 
her  to  take  a  high  rank  among  the  poetesses  of  our  country." — 
Woman's  Record, 

Bayard,  James.  A  Brief  Exposition  of  the  Consti 
tution  of  the  United  States,  &c.,  12mo,  Philadelphia,  1833. 

Bayard,  James  A.,  1767-1815,  a  native  of  Phila 
delphia.  A  speech  of  this  distinguished  American  states 
man  on  the  Foreign  Intercourse  Bill  was  pub.  in  1798,  and 
his  speech  on  the  Repeal  of  the  Judiciary  in  a.  vol.  of  the 
speeches  delivered  in  this  controversy,  pub.  in  1802. 

Bayard,  Samuel.  An  Abstract  of  the  Laws  of  the 
United  States  which  relate  chiefly  to  the  Duties  and  Au 
thority  of  the  Judges  of  the  Inferior  State  Courts,  and 
the  Justices  of  the  Peace  throughout  the  Union,  8vo, 
New  York,  1834.  A  Digest  of  American  Cases  on  the  Law 
of  Evidence,  intended  as  notes  to  Peake's  Compendium  of 
the  Law  of  Evidence,  8vo,  Philadelphia,  1810. 

"  It  does  not  appear  that  these  notes  were  ever  inserted  in  an 
edition  of  the  book  for  which  they  were  designed.  After  their  first 
preparation,  the  notes  were  expanded  and  published  in  their  pre 
sent  form.  These  abstracts  of  cases,  arranged  under  appropriate 
titles,  have  long  since,  in  substance,  been  incorporated  into  other 
works  upon  the  law  of  evidence." — Marvin's  Legal  Bibl. 

Bayes,  Joshua,  1671-1761,  a  Presbyterian  minister, 
was  one  of  the  writers  who  completed  Matthew  Henry's 
Commentary  on  the  Holy  Scriptures.  He  pub.  a  work 
against  Popery,  1735,  2  vols.  8vo. 

Bayes,  Rev.  Thomas.  Con.  to  Phil.  Trans.  Abr., 
1763,  etc. 

Bayfield,  Mrs.  Fugitive  Poems,  1805.  Gleanings, 
&c.,  1806. 

Bayfield,  R.  Bulwarke  of  Truth,  Ac.,  Lon.,  1657,  Svo. 

Bayfield,  Robt.  Med.  works,  Lon.,  1655,  62,  '3,  '8, '77. 

Bayford,  A.  F.  Report,  &c.,  Office  of  the  Judge, 
Lon.,  1845,  Svo.  Argument  against  the  Bp.  of  Exeter,  on 
behalf  of  Rev.  G.  C.  Gorham,  2d  ed.,  Lon.,  1849,  Svo. 

Bayford,  David.  Con.  to  Memoirs  Med.,  1789. 

Bayford,  Thos.     Medical  treatises,  Lon.,  1767-72. 

Bayldon,  J.  S.  Treatise  on  the  Poor  Rate,  2d  ed., 
Lon.,  1834,  Svo.  The  Art  of  Valuing  Rents  and  Tillages, 
<fcc.,  1825,  Svo.  See  Donaldson's  Agricult.  Biog. 

Baylee,  Joseph.  The  Institutions  of  the  Church 
of  England  are  of  Divine  Authority,  3d  ed.,  improved,  sm. 
Svo,  Dubl.,  1838. 

Bayley,  R.  B.    The  Sorrows  of  Eliza,  Lon.,  1811,  Svo. 

Bayley,  C.,  D.D.  The  Christian's  Choice,  Manch., 
1801, 12mo. 

Bayley,  Catherine.  Vacation  Evenings,  1809,  3 
vols.  12rao.  Zadig  and  Astarte,  from  the  French  of  Vol 
taire,  1810,  Svo. 

Bayley,  Cornelius.  Theolog.  works,  Ac.,  Lon., 
1782,  '85,  '86.  An  Easy  Entrance  into  the  Sacred  Lan 
guage,  <fcc.,  Lon.,  1782,  Svo. 

Bayley,  Edward,  M.D.    Con.  to  Phil.  Trans.,  1736. 

Bayley,  Fr.  On  Fines  and  Recoveries,  Lon.,  1828,  Svo. 

Bayley,  Francis.     Funeral  Sermons,  1660,  4to. 

Bayley,  Frederick  W.  N.  B.,  1807-1852,  British 

journalist,  first  editor  of  Illustrated  London  News.     1. 

Four  Years'  Residence  in  the  West  Indies,  1830.     2.  New 

Tale  of  a  Tub,  in  Verse,  16mo  and  4to.     3.  Tales  of  the 

Late  Revolution,  12mo.     4.  Wake  of  Ecstasy;    a  Poem, 

4to.     5.  Little  Red  Riding  Hood.     6.  Blue  Beard,  <tc. 

Bayley,  George.     Guide  to  the  Tongue,  1804,  fol. 
The  Young  Mathematician's  Assistant,  1805,  4to. 

Bayley,  Rev.  H.  V.    Sermon,  Manchester,  1803,  Svo. 

Bayley,  Joel.   Astronom.  Con.  to  Phil.  Trans.,  1769. 

Bayley,  Sir  John,  1763-1841.    A  Summary  of  the 

Law  of  Bills  of  Exchange,  Cash  Bills,  and  Promissory 

144 


Notes,  1st  ed.,  1789 ;    5th  ed.,  edited  by  Francis  Bayley, 
Svo,  Lon.,  1830;  2d  American  ed.,  Boston,  1836. 

"Bayley  on  Bills  is,  no  doubt,  an  admirable  specimen  of  accu 
rate  deduction  of  the  principles  to  be  extracted  from  reported  deci 
sions,  and  of  concise  and  lucid  statements  of  those  principles." 

Raymond's  Reports,  <fcc. ;  4th  ed.,  Lon.,  1790.  3  vols.  i. 
Svo.  Book  of  Common  Prayer,  with  Notes,  1816. 

Bayley,  John.     The  Forester;  a  Drama,  1798,  Svo, 

Bayley,  John.  History  and  Antiquities  of  the  Tower 
of  London,  Lon.,  1821-25,  4to ;  2  vols.  with  plates.  Pub. 
at  £6  16*.  6d.;  large  paper,  £12  12«. 

'This  exceedingly  beautiful  and  esteemed  work  is  very  scarce 
on  large  paper,  and  sometimes  valued  at  more  than  its  published 
price." 

?'  That  the  history  of  the  venerable  fortress  could  have  fallen 
into  superior  hands  is  impossible ;  for  there  is  a  caution,  an  acute- 
ness,  and  a  judgment  visible  in  the  writings  of  Mr.  Bayley,  which 
are  demonstrative  evidence  of  his  accuracy  and  scrupulous  fidelity.1' 
— Gentleman's  Magazine. 

Bayley,  John,  b.  1814,  in  Eng.  Settled  in  U.  S., 
1836.  Confessions  of  a  converted  Infidel,  <fec.  Contrib. 
to  various  journals. 

Bayley,  John  B.  Commentaries  on  the  Laws  of 
England,  in  the  order,  and  compiled  from  the  text,  of 
Blackstone ;  and  embracing  the  new  statutes  and  altera 
tions  to  the  present  time,  Svo,  Lon.,  1840. 

"  He  has  applied  the  pruning  knife  so  assiduously,  that  scarcely 
a  leaf  or  branch  remains  of  The  Commentaries.  Four  volumes  are 
packed  into  one,  and  his  book  is  a  bold  abridgement  of  a  work 
that,  as  it  is,  the  most  enlightened  jurists  have  pronounced  a 
model  of  excellence  of  legal  composition,  and  wonderful  accuracy 
in  the  statement  of  legal  principles." — Marvin's  Legal  Bibl. 

Bayley,  Peter,  Jr.     Poems,  Lon.,  1803,  Svo. 

"These  poems  certainly  discover  some  fire,  and  some  power  of 
expression.  If  a  second  edition  should  be  demanded,  we  earnestly 
recommend  to  the  author  a  steady  application  of  the  file ;  and  an 
endeavour,  in  all  parts  of  his  book,  to  do  better  even  where  he  may 
at  present  conceive,  and  most  readers  will  allow,  that  he  has  done 
well." — Monthly  Review. 

Bayley,  Richard,  M.D.,  1745-1801,  an  eminent  phy 
sician  of  New  York,  took  great  interest  in  investigations 
connected  with  the  Yellow  Fever.  He  pub.  Cases  of  the 
Angina  Tracheatis,  with  the  mode  of  Cure,  New  York, 
1781,  Svo.  Essay  on  the  Yellow  Fever,  1797.  Letters  on 
Yellow  Fever,  1798.  See  Thacher's  Med.  Biography. 

Bayley,  Wm.  Employment  of  the  Poor,  &c.,  Lon., 
1757,  8vp. 

Baylie,  Richard.  An  Answer  to  Mr.  Fisher's  Re 
lation  of  a  Third  Conference  between  Bp.  Wm.  Laud  and 
himself,  Lon.,  1624,  fol. 

Baylie,  Robert.  Review  of  Bramhall's  Warning, 
Delph.,  1649,  4to. 

Baylie,  Thos.  De  Merito  M.  Christi,  &c.,  Oxon., 
1626,  4to. 

Baylies,  or  Baylis,  Wm.,  M.D.,  1724-1787.  He 
was  physician  to  Frederic  II.,  King  of  Prussia.  His  ma 
jesty,  on  being  informed  of  the  extensive  practice  which 
Dr.  B.  had  enjoyed,  asked  him  how  many  he  had  killed. 
The  physician  replied  with  "no  little  tact,  "Pas  tant  que 
votre  majeste."  Short  Remarks  on  Dr.  Perry's  Analysis 
made  on  the  Stratford  Mineral  Water,  &c.,  Stratford-on- 
Avon,  1748,  Svo.  Essay  on  the  Bath  Water,  <tc.,  Lon., 
1757,  Svo.  Narrative  of  Facts,  &c.,  Bath,  1757,  4to.  His 
tory  of  Bath  Hospital,  Lon.,  1758,  Svo.  Reply  to  a  Pam 
phlet,  <fec.,  1759,  Svo.  Facts  and  Observations  relative  to 
the  Small  Pox,  Edin.,  1781,  Svo. 

Baylis,  John.  Four  dramatic  Pieces,  trans,  from  the 
French,  Lon.,  1804. 

Bayly,  Anselm,  sub-dean  of  his  Majesty's  Chapels 
Royal,  pub.  a  number  of  educational  and  theological  works, 
Lon.,  1751-89.  The  Old  Testament,  English  and  Hebrew, 
with  Remarks  Critical  and  Grammatical  on  the  Hebrew, 
and  Corrections  of  the  English,  Lon.,  1774,  4  vols.  8vo. 

"  It  contains  scarcely  any  information  of  importance  of  a  criti 
cal  nature;  as  the  notes,  which  are  placed  under  the  English  text, 
are  very  few  and  short." — ORME. 

Bayly,  Arthur.  Con.  to  Phil.  Trans.  Abr:,  1685. 

Bayly,  Benjamin,  d.  about  1720,  Rector  of  St 
James's,  Bristol.  An  Essay  on  Inspiration,  Lon.,  1707, 
(anon.,)  2d  ed.  enlarged,  1708,  Svo. 

"  The  internal  and  external  evidences  required  in  a  divine  reve 
lation  are  well  laid  down  in  the  2d  part  of  this  essay."— KIPPIS. 

Sermons  on  Various  Subjects,  2  vols.  Svo,  1721. 

"  He  was  a  great  admirer  and  master  of  the  Sooratic  way  of  argu 
ing  ;  his  sense  is  substantial,  his  reasoning  sound,  his  persuasion 
cogent."— Cyc.  Bibl. 

Bayly,  Edward.     Sermons,  1749,  '56,  '83. 

Bayly,  John,  1595-1633,  son  of  Lewis,  Bishop  of 
Bangor,  entered  Exeter  College,  Oxford,  in  1611.  The 
Angel  Guardian,  Lon.,  1630,  4to.  The  Light  enlighten 
ing,  Lon.,  1630,  4to. 

Bayly,  Lewis,  d.  1632,  Bishop  of  Bangor,  was  born 


BAY 

at  Caermarthen,  and  educated  at  Oxford.  After  officiating 
five  years  at  Evesham  in  Worcestershire,  he  was  conse 
crated  Bishop  of  Bangor  in  1616.  The  Practice  of  Piety. 
This  work  had  an  extraordinary  popularity;  the  51st  ed. 
was  pub.  Lon.,  1714.  Trans,  into  French,  Welsh,  Hun 
garian,  and  Polish. 

Bayly,  Richard.     Sermon,  Lon.,  1640,  8vo. 

Bayly,  Robert.  Parallel  of  the  Liturgy,  with  the 
Mass  Book,  1661,  4to. 

Bayly,  Tho.,  d.  1670,  Bishop  of  Killala  and  Achonry, 
Theophilact's  Comments  on  St.  Paul,  Lon.,  1636.  Sermon 
on  Gal.  v.  12 ;  preached  before  King  Charles  I.  in  the  time 
of  the  Great  Rebellion,  Lon.,  1707,  8vo. 

Bayly,  Thomas,  youngest  son  of  Lewis,  Bishop  of 
Bangor,  was  educated  at  Cambridge.  In  1638  he  was 
made  sub-dean  of  Wells.  In  1649  he  pub.  Certamen  Re- 
ligiorum,  or  a  Conference  between  King  Charles  I.  and 
Henry,  late  Marquis  of  Worcester,  concerning  Religion,  in 
Ragland  Castle,  1646. 

The  Royal  Charter  granted  unto  Kings  by  God  himself, 
with  a  Treatise  wherein  it  is  proved  that  Episcopacy  is 
Jure  Divino,  1649,  8vo.  This  work  gave  offence,  and  the 
author  was  imprisoned  in  Newgate,  where  he  wrote  his 
Herba  Parietis,  or  the  Wall  Flower  as  it  grows  out  of  the 
Stone  Chamber  belonging  to  the  Metropolitan  Prison, 
fol.  1650. 

He  escaped  to  the  continent,  and  became  a  zealous  Roman 
Catholic,  and  in  1654  pub.  at  Douay,  the  End  to  Contro 
versy  between  the  Roman  Catholic  and  Protestant  Reli 
gions,  <fec.  Several  other  works  are  ascribed  to  our  author. 

Bayly,  Thomas  Haynes,  1797-1839,  was  born  near 
Bath,  England,  where  his  father  was  an  eminent  solicitor. 
He  was  intended  for  the  church,  and  studied  for  some  time 
at  Oxford.  After  his  marriage,  in  1826,  he  resided  for 
some  years  at  a  country  seat  in  Sussex.  In  1831  he  ex 
perienced  a  melancholy  reverse  in  his  pecuniary  affairs, 
and  for  the  rest  of  his  life  was  a  sufferer  from  many  mor 
tifications  to  which  poverty  subjects  those  whose  habits 
and  tastes  have  been  formed  amid  affluence  and  elegance. 
His  literary  industry  was  very  great.  In  a  few  years  he 
wrote  no  less  than  thirty-six  pieces  for  the  stage,  several 
Novels  and  Tales,  and  his  "songs  came  to  be  numbered 
by  hundreds."  We  give  the  titles  of  his  publicatiops : 
Aylmers,  a  novel,  3  vols.  post  8vo.  Kindness  in  Women, 
tales,  3  vols.  post  8vo.  Parliamentary  Letters,  and  other 
Poems,  12mo.  Rough  Sketches  of  Bath,  12mo.  Weeds 
of  Witchery,  poems,  r.  Svo.  To  which  must  be  added, 
Poetical  Works  and  Memoir  by  his  Widow,  2  vols.  post 
Svo.  Mr.  Bayly's  songs  are  among  the  best  known  and 
most  generally  admired  in  the  language.  Who  is  not  fa 
miliar  with  the  touching  pathos  of  The  Soldier's  Tear; 
We  met, — 'twas  in  a  Crowd ;  Oh,  no,  we  never  mention 
Her;  the  joyous  abandon  of  I'd  be  a  Butterfly;  or  the 
good-natured  satire  of  My  Married  Daughter  could  you 
see;  and  Why  Don't  the  Men  Propose? 

*'The  poems  and  songs  of  Mr.  Haynes  Bayly  will  not  be  entitled 
to  a  high  place  in  the  literature  of  our  age ;  a  certain  air  of  insub- 
stantiality  attaches  to  them  all ;  the  pathos  rarely  goes  down  to 
the  springs  of  the  human  feelings,  and  the  humour  scarcely  ex 
ceeds  the  playfulness  which  marks  elegant  society  in  its  daily  ap 
pearances." 

"  He  possessed  a  playful  fancy,  a  practised  ear,  a  refined  taste, 
and  a  sentiment  which  ranged  pleasantly  from  the  fanciful  to  the 
pathetic,  without,  however,  strictly  attaining  either  the  highly 
imaginative,  or  the  deeply  passionate." — Mora. 

Bayly,  William,  d.  1810,  an  eminent  astronomer, 
accompanied  Capt.  Cook  in  1772,  and  pub.  the  results  of 
his  observations  under  the  title  of  Astronomical  Observa 
tions  on  board  the  "  Resolution"  and  "  Adventure,"  in  a 
voyage  round  the  world  in  1772,  Lon.,  1774,  4to.  Several 
subsequent  publications  appeared  upon  the  same  subject. 

Baylye,  Thos.     A  Glympse  of  Paradise,  1710,  Svo. 

Baynam,  Win.,  1749-1814,  of  Virginia.  Con.  to  Med. 
Journals. 

Baynard,  Edward,  M.D.  Profess.  Treatises,  Lon., 
1694-1706. 

Bayiic,  Alexander,  d.  1737,  Prof.  Law  in  Edin 
burgh  Univ.  Hope's  Minor  Practicks  from  MS.,  with  a 
Discourse  on  the  Rise  and  Progress  of  the  Law  of  Scot 
land,  and  the  Method  of  Studying  it,  1726.  Other  Trea 
tises,  Edin.,  1747,  '48,  '49. 

Bayne,  D.,  or  K.,  M.D.    Prof,  treat.,  Lon.,  1727-38. 

Bayne,  or  Baine,  James,  1710-1790,  minister  in 
Edinburgh.  He  preached  a  sermon  against  Foote's 
"  Minor ;"  Foote  rejoined  in  "  An  Apology  for  the  Minor, 
in  a  Letter  to  the  Rev.  Mr.  Baine,  by  Samuel  Foote, 
Esq.,"  1771.  Discourses  on  Various  Subjects,  1778,  Svo. 

Bayne,  or  Baynes,  Paul,  d.  1617,  was  a  native  of 
10  ' 


BEA 

London.  He  was  elected  a  Fellow  of  Christ  Church, 
Cambridge,  and  succeeded  the  celebrated  Perkins  as  lec 
turer  of  St.  Andrew's  Church. 

A  Commentary  on  the  1st  chap,  of  the  Epistle  to  the 
Ephesians,  handling  the  controversy  of  Predestination, 
Lon.,  1618. 

"  A  useful  Puritan  exposition."— BICKERSTETH. 

"Dr.  Sibbs  acknowledges  himself  indebted  to  Bayne,  instru- 
mentally,  for  his  conversion." — LOWNDES. 

Devotions  unto  a  Godly  Life,  Lon.,  1618,  Svo.  Bayne 
also  wrote  a  Commentary  upon  a  portion  of  the  Epistle  to 
the  Colossians,  (1635,)  and  other  works,  pub.  1618-43. 

Bayne,  Rev.  Peter,  whilst  pursuing  his  theological 
studies  at  Edinburgh,  contributed  to  the  Edinburgh  Maga 
zine  a  number  of  critical  articles  on  the  writings  of  Sir 
Archibald  Alison,  De  Quincey,  Tennyson,  Ruskin,  Mrs. 
Browning,  and  other  authors,  which  attracted  attention 
and  commendation.  Some  of  these  papers  have  been  re 
printed  in  Nos.  2  and  3.  1.  The  Christian  Life,  Social  and 
Individual,  Lon.,  1855,  p.  Svo ;  Bost.,  1857,  12mo. 

"  The  master  idea  on  which  it  has  been  formed  is,  we  deem, 
wholly  original ;  and  we  regard  the  execution  of  it  as  not  less  happy 
than  the  conception  is  good."— HUGH  MILLER. 

2.  Essays  in  Biographical  Criticism:  1st  Ser.,  1857, 12mo; 
2d  Ser.,  1858,  12mo.  These  two  vols.  were  pub.  at  the 
request  of  the  Boston  publishers.  See  N.  Amer.  Rev., 
July,  1858,  274. 

"  They  indicate  the  traits  of  mind  and  heart  which  render  '  The 
Christian  Life'  so  intensely  suggestive  and  vitalizing,  and  at  the 
same  time  display  a  critical  power  seldom  equalled  in  comprehen 
siveness,  depth  of  insight,  candid  appreciation,  and  judicial  in 
tegrity." — N.  Amer.  Rev. 

Baynes,  C.  R.  Notes  and  Reflections  during  a  Ram 
ble  in  the  East,  <fec.  An  Overland  Journey  to  India.  <fcc., 
p.  Svo,  Lon.,  1843. 

"  So  many  other  travellers  and  authors  have  preceded  him  over 
every  inch  of  his  ground,  that  it  was  impossible  to  have  original 
information  to  communicate." — Literary  Gazette. 

Baynes,  E.  D.     Ovid's  Epistles,  1818,  vol.  i.  Svo. 

Baynes,  H.  S.     The  Church  at  Philippi,  or  the  Doc 
trine  and  Conduct  of  the  Early  Christians  illustrated;  with 
a  recomm.  Introduc.  by  J.  P.  Smith,  D.D.,  Lon.,  1834, 12mo. 
I     "  Intended  to  serve  as  a  historical  commentary  upon  St.  Paul's 
Epistle  to  the  Philippians." 

Baynes,  or  Baines,  Ralph,  d.  1559,  a  native  of 
Yorkshire,  was  educated  at  St.  John's  College,  Cambridge. 

In  1555  he  was,  by  Queen  Mary,  made  Bishop  of  Coven 
try  and  Lichfield.  Previously  he  had  been  royal  professor 
of  Hebrew  at  Paris.  Prima  Rudimenta  in  Linguam  He- 
braicam,  Paris,  1550,  4to. 

Baynes,  Robt.  Discourses,  Moral  and  Religious, 
adapted  to  a  Naval  Audience,  preached  on  board  his  Ma 
jesty's  ship  the  "  Tremendous,"  during  the  years  1802,  '03, 
and  '04,  Lon.,  1807,  Svo.  A  Fast  Sermon,  1809. 

Baynes,  Roger.  Praise  of  Solitariness,  Lon.,  1577, 
4to.  The  Baynes  of  Agvisgrane,  Aug.,  1617,  4to. 

Baynham,  William.  Con.  to  Med.  Tracts,  1791. 

Baynton,  Thomas.     Medical  Works,  1799-1813. 

Beach,  Abraham,  of  Connecticut,  d.  1828.  Hearing 
the  Word.  A  Serm.,  American  Preacher,  iii.  A  Fune 
ral  Serm.  on  Dr.  Chandler,  1790. 

Beach,  John,  of  Connecticut,  d.  1782.  Theolog. 
works,  pub.  1732-72. 

Beach,  Philip.   Letters  to  T.  Burnet,  Lon.,  1736,  Svo. 

Beach,  Thos.     Eugenio ;  a  poem,  Lon.,  1737,  4to. 

Beach,  W.  W.     Abradates  and  Panthea,  1765,  4to. 

Beachcroft,  Robt.  P.     Sermons,  1809-16. 

Beacher,  L.    Account  of  V.  Gertru,  Lon.,  1665,  4to. 

Beacon,  R.  Solon  his  Follie,  or  a  Politique  Discourse, 
touching  the  Reformation  of  Common-weales  conquered, 
declined,  or  corrupted,  Oxf.,  1594, 4to.  Dedicated  to  Queen 
Elizabeth. 

Beacon,  Thomas.     See  BECON. 

Beadle,  John.  The  Diary  of  a  Thankful  Christian, 
Lon.,  1656,  Svo. 

Beadon,  Richard,  D.D.,  Bishop  of  Bath  and  Wells. 
A  Fast  Day  Sermon,  1793,  4to.  A  Sermon,  4to. 

Beak,Francis. Letters  against  Anabaptists,Lon.,1701. 

Beal,  John,  1603-1683,  an  English  divine  and  philo 
sopher,  contributed  many  papers  to  Phil.  Trans.,  1666,  '67, 
'69,  '70,  '75,  '76,  '77. 

Beale,  Bart.  Diseases  from  Vicious  Blood,  Lon., 
1700,  Svo. 

Beale,  John.  Horticult.  works,  Oxf.  &  Lon.,  1653-77. 

Beale,  John.  Work  on  the  German  Flute,Lon.,1812,fol. 

Beale,  Lionel  S.,  M.D.,  Professor  of  Physiology  and 
General  and  Morbid  Anatomy  in  King's  College,  London. 
The  Laws  of  Health  in  their  Relations  to  Mind  and  Body: 
A  Series  of  Letters  from  an  Old  Practitioner  to  a  Patient, 
p.  Svo. 

145 


BEA 


BEA 


"We  gladly  welcome  Mr.  Beale's  work.  The  observations  are 
those  of  a  most  experienced  and  intelligent  practitioner,  and  do 
equal  credit  to  his  head  and  heart.  It  is  not  to  the  lay  reader  only 
that  Mr.  Beale's  work  w  ill  be  acceptable ;  and  we  augur  for  it  an 
extensive  popularity." — Lon.  Lancet. 

Treatise  on  Distortions  and  Deformities,  8vo.  The  Mi 
croscope,  and  its  Application  to  Clinical  Medicine,  p.  8vo; 
new  ed.,  1857,  r.  8vo.  Other  works. 

Beale,  Anne.  Baronet's  Family,  Lon.,  3  vols.  p. 
8vo.  Poems,  12mo.  Vale  of  the  Towey ;  or,  Sketches  of 
South  Wales,  p.  8vo.  Simplicity  and  Fascination,  3  vols. 
p.  Svo,  1855. 

Beale,  Mary,  1632-1697,  a  painter  and  poetess,  con 
tributed  to  Dr.  Woodford's  trans,  of  the  Psalms. 
"  An  absolutely  complete  gentlewoman." — WOODFORD. 
"  That  masculine  poet,  as  well  as  painter,  the  incomparable  Mrs. 
Beale."—  Oldys's  MSS. 

Beale,  Robert,  d.  1601,  a  civilian  and  statesman,  was 
a  zealous  Protestant,  and  on  account  of  his  religious  prin 
ciples  resided  on  the  Continent  during  the  reign  of  Queen 
Mary.  He  embraced  the  occasion  to  form  a  valuable  his 
torical  library.  He  wrote  a  treatise  on  the  marriage  of 
Charles  Brandon,  Duke  of  Suffolk,  with  Mary,  the  French 
queen ;  another  on  the  marriage  of  the  Earl  of  Hertford 
with  Lady  Catherine  Grey;  and  his  discourse  on  the  Pari 
sian  massacre,  in  the  form  of  a  letter  to  Lord  Burghley, 
is  in  the  Cotton  MSS.  in  the  British  Museum.  His  prin 
cipal  work  is  a  collection  of  some  of  the  Spanish  historians, 
entitled  Rerum  Hispanicarum  Scriptores,  France,  1579, 
2  vols.  fol.  Some  letters  of  his  will  be  found  in  Lodge's 
Illustrations  of  British  History,  and  in  Wright's  Queen 
Elizabeth  and  her  Times. 

Bealey,  Joseph.  Observations,  1790.  Sermons,  1810. 
Beanies,  John.     Legal  treatises,  Lon.,  1812-27. 
Beames,  Thomas.     Sermons,  Lon.,  1850,  Ac. 
Beamish,  N.  lj.    Hist,  of  the  King's  German  Legion, 
1803-16,  Lon.,  2  vols.  Svo.     Discovery  of  America  by  the 
Northmen  in  the  Tenth  Century,  1841,  8vo. 
Bean,  Charles.     Sermons,  1707-16. 
Bean,  James.     Theological  works,  1789-1817.    Pa 
rochial  Serms.,  Lon.,  8vo.    Family  Worship :  Morning  and 
Evening  Prayers  for  every  day  in  the  month;  20th  ed.,  1846. 
Beau,  Joseph,  Massachusetts.    Serai.,  1773. 
Beanus,  or  Beyn,  first  Bishop  of  Aberdeen,  d.  1047. 
Dempster  gives  a  list  of  his  writings. 
Bear,  John.     Sermon,  1748,  8vo. 
Bearblock,  James.     On  Tithes,  Lon.,  1805-09. 
Bearcroft,  Philip,  D.D.,  1697-1761,  master  of  the 
Charter-House,  and  Fellow  of  Merton  College,  Oxford,  pub. 
An  Historical  Account  of  Thomas  Sutton,  Esq.,  and  of  his 
foundation  in  the  Charter-House,  Lon.,  1737,  8vo.      Ser 
mons,  &c.,  1726-48. 

Bearcroft,  William.  Fast  Sermon,  1756,  8vo. 
Beard,  Henry.  Impris.  of  Debtors,  Lon.,  1801,  8vo. 
Beard,  J.  R.,  D.D.  1.  Voices  of  the  Church,  Lon., 
1845,  8vo.  2.  Historical  and  Artistic  Illustrations  of  the 
Trinity,  8vo.  3.  Illustrations  of  the  Divine  in  Christianity, 
8vo.  4.  People's  Diet,  of  the  Bible,  2  vols.  Svo.  5.  Ser 
mons  and  Prayers  for  Families,  2  vols.  Svo.  6.  Unita- 
rianism  Exhibited  in  its  Actual  Condition,  Svo.  7.  Religious 
Knowledge,  1856,  2  vols.  p.  Svo.  8.  A  Revised  English 
Bible  the  Want  of  the  Church  and  the  Demand  of  the  Age, 
1857,  cr.  Svo.  Other  works. 

Beard,  Richard,  M.D.  Med.  Con.  to  Phil.  Trans., 
1726. 

Beard,  Thomas,  D.D.,  an  author  of  the  Elizabethan 
period,  is  best  known  as  the  compiler  of  the  Theatre  of 
God's  Judgments,  Lon.,  1597,  4to,  in  which  he  is  said  to 
have  been  assisted  by  Dr.  Thos.  Taylor. 

"In  the  third  edit.,  1631,  4to,  from  page  542  to  the  end  is  for  the 
first  time  added.  The  4th,  and  generally  esteemed  best,  edit,  ap 
peared  in  1648,  small  4to." 

A  Retractive  from  the  Romish  Religion,  Lon.,  1616,  4to. 
Antichrist  the  Pope  of  Rome,  Bon.,  1625,  4to.     Pedantius, 
1631, 12mo.  Dr.  Beard  was  Oliver  Cromwell's  schoolmaster. 
Beare,  Matt.  Discourse  of  the  Senses,  Exon.,1710,4to. 
Beare,  Nicholas.     Sermons,  1679-1707. 
Bearne,  Edward.     Two  Sermons,  1726,  4to. 
Beart,  John  A.  Vindication  of  the  Eternal  Law  and 
Everlasting  Gospel,  1707,  12mo.     Elicited  by  Crisp's  Ser 
mons,  pub.  in  1691. 

Beasley,  Rev.  Frederick,  1777-1845,  Prof.  Moral 
Philos.  Univ.  Penna.,  1813-28.  1.  A  Search  of  Truth  in 
the  Science  of  the  Human  Mind,  1822,  Svo.  2.  Examina 
tion  of  the  Oxford  Divinity. 

Beasley,  Henry.  1.  The  Book  of  Prescriptions, 
2900,  English  and  Foreign.  Lon.,  24mo.  2.  The  Pocket 
Formulary  and  Synopsis  of  the  British  and  Foreign  Phar- 
niacoposias ;  5th  ed.,  enlarged,  24mo. 


"  Extremely  useful  as  an  adjunct  to  the  shop  library ;  a  pocket 
Pharmacopoeia  Universalis,  containing,  in  addition  to  the  officinal 
formulae,  those  magistral  preparations  which  are  so  continually 
required  at  the  hands  of  the  dispenser." — Lon.  Annals  of  Chemistry 
and  Pharmacy. 

3.  The  Druggists'  General  Receipt-Book,  3d  ed.  24mo. 

"  The  General  KeceipWBook  is  an  extensive  appendix  to  the 
Pocket  Formulary.  No  Pharmaceutist  who  possesses  the  latter, 
ought  to  be  without  the  former,  for  the  two  form  a  complete  Counter 
Companion." — Lon.  Annals  of  Pharmacy. 

Beasly,  Thos.  J.  Legal  treatises,  Dubl.,  1837-44. 
Lectures  relative  to  the  profession  of  Attorney  and  Soli 
citor,  Svo,  Dubl.,  1842. 

"  These  Lectures  are  fraught  with  valuable  historical  informa 
tion  upon  the  origin  of  Attorneys  in  ancient  and  modern  times, 
and  contain  many  valuable  suggestions  relative  to  their  duties 
and  responsibilities." 

Beasly,  W.     Inclosing  Waste  Lands,  1812. 

Beatniffe,  John.     Sermon,  1590,  16mo. 

Beaton,  Beton,  or  Bethune,  David,  1494-1546, 
Archbishop  of  St.  Andrew's  in  Scotland,  and  Cardinal  of 
the  Roman  Church,  was  educated  in  the  University  of  St. 
Andrews,  and  studied  divinity  at  the  University  of  Paris, 
where  he  took  orders.  According  to  Dempster,  he  wrote, 
1.  Memoirs  of  his  own  Embassies.  2.  A  Treatise  of  Peter's 
Primacy,  and  3.  Letters  to  several  persons.  Of  these  last 
there  are  said  to  be  some  copies  preserved  in  the  King's 
Library  at  Paris. 

"  His  high  station  in  the  Church  placed  him  in  the  way  of  great 
employments;  his  abilities  were  equal  to  the  greatest  of  these; 
nor  did  he  reckon  any  of  them  to  be  above  his  merit.  .  .  .  His 
early  application  to  public  business  kept  him  acquainted  with  the 
learning  and  controversies  of  the  age." — ROBERTSON. 

His  persecution  of  the  Protestants,  and  especially  the 
death  of  George  Wishart,  was  punished  by  his  assassina 
tion  in  his  castle,  in  1546,  by  John  and  Norman  Lesley, 
Peter  Carmichael,  and  James  Melvil.  See  Biog.  Brit., 
Mackenzie,  Hume,  Robertson. 

Beaton,  Beton,  or  Bethune,  James,  1517-1603, 
Archbishop  of  Glasgow,  and  nephew  to  the  preceding,  was 
educated  in  Paris,  under  the  care  of  his  uncle  the  cardi 
nal.  He  is  said  to  have  written,  1.  A  Commentary  on  the 
Book  of  Kings.  2.  A  Lamentation  for  the  kingdom  of 
Scotland.  3.  A  Book  of  Controversies  against  the  Secta 
ries.  4.  Observations  upon  Gratian's  Decretals.  5.  A  Col- 
lection  of  Scotch  Proverbs.  None  of  these  have  been 
printed. — DEMPSTER  :  Bioq.  Brit. 

Beatson,  Lt.-Col.  Alexander.  War  with  Tippoo 
Sultaun,  Lon.,  1800,  4to.  A  work  on  St.  Helena,  Lon., 
1816,  4to. 

"  This  work  contains  little  else  than  statistical,  meteorological, 
and  agricultural,  observations  on  the  Island,  and  plans  for  its 
better  administration  and  cultivation." 

Beatson,  John.  Theological  works,  Lon.,  1774,  '77, 
'79,  '89. 

Beatson,  Robt.,  1742-1818.  Political  Index  to  the 
Histories  of  Great  Britain  and  Ireland,  Edin.,  1786,  Svo; 
3d  ed.,  Lon.,  1806,  Svo,  3  vols.  This  is  the  best  ed.  of  this 
useful  work,  which  is  a  compilation  from  Dugdale's  Sum 
mons  to  Parliament,  The  Historical  Register,  and  works 
of  like  character.  Haydy's  Book  of  Dignities  is  founded 
upon  the  Political  Index.  Naval  and  Military  Memoirs 
of  Great  Britain,  1727-90,  Lon.,  1790,  3  vols.  Svo;  2d  ed., 
Lon.,  1804,  6  vols.  Svo.  General  View  of  the  Agriculture 
of  the  County  of  Fife,  Edin.,  1794,  4to. 

"  Many  useful  observations  on  general  agriculture ;  the  lease  of 
land  is  well  discussed." — Donaldson's  Agricult.  Bing. 
Mr.  B.  pub.  some  other  works. 

Beattie.  Aristotelis  de  Rhetorica,  Camb.,  1728,  Svo. 
Beattie,  James,  LL.D.,  <fcc.,  1735-1803,  was  born  at 
Laurencekirk,  in  Kincardineshire,  Scotland,  on  the  20th  of 
October.  His  father  was  a  shopkeeper  and  farmer,  and  is 
said  to  have  been  something  of  a  poet,  though  never  dis 
tinguished  for  his  productions.  In  1749  James  was  sent 
to  the  Marischal  College,  at  Aberdeen,  where  he  remained 
for  four  years.  He  studied  divinity  with  the  intention  of 
taking  orders,  but  relinquished  this  idea.  In  175S  he  ob 
tained  the  situation  of  usher  in  the  grammar-school  ol 
Aberdeen,  and  two  years  later  was  honoured  by  the  ap 
pointment  of  Professor  of  Moral  Philosophy  and  Logic  in 
Marischal  College,  which  post  he  retained  until  within  a 
short  period  of  his  death.  In  1760  he  pub.  a  volume  oi 
poems,  the  most  of  which  had  appeared  anonymously  m 
the  Scot's  Magazine.  A  portion  of  these  were  reprinted  m 
1766,  with  the  addition  of  a  translation  of  one  of  Addison  9 
pieces,  and  some  verses  on  the  death  of  Churchill.  - 
last,  and  indeed  almost  all  of  our  author's  earlier  pieces, 
were  not  deemed  by  him  worthy  of  a  place  in  future  ec 
tions  of  his  works.  In  1765  he  pub.  a  poem  entitled  T 
Judgment  of  Paris.  The  design  was  good,  but  the  poetry 
was  not  considered  equal  to  the  moral.  In  1767  he  was 


BEA 

married  to  Miss  Mary  Dun,  daughter  of  the  rector  of  the 
grammar-school  at  Aberdeen.  Some  two  years  before  his 
marriage  he  became  acquainted  with  the  poet  Gray,  and  a 
friendship  was  established  which  was  dissolved  only  by  the 
death  of  the  latter  in  1771.  In  1770  he  pub.  his  Essay  on 
Truth,  which  was  intended  as  an  antidote  to  the  skeptical 
philosophy  of  Hume  :  he  desired 

"To  overthrow  .skepticism,  and  establish  conviction  in  its  place; 
a  conviction  not  in  the  least  favourable  to  bigotry  or  prejudice,  far 
less  to  a  persevering  spirit,  but  such  a  conviction  as  produces  firm 
ness  of  miud  and  stability  of  principle,  in  a  consistence  with  mo 
deration,  candour,  and  liberal  inquiry." 

The  success  of  this  work  was  worthy  of  its  excellent  de 
sign.  In  less  than  four  years  it  went  through  five  editions, 
and  had  been  translated  into  several  foreign  languages. 
He  received  encouragement  to  take  orders  in  the  Church 
of  England,  but  declined  the  overture.  In  1760,  Beattie 
wrote  to  Dr.  Blackwall  that  he  had  commenced  "  a  poem 
in  the  style  and  stanza  of  Spenser,"  but  he  had  "resolved 
to  write  no  more  poetry  with  a  view  to  publication,  till  he 
saw  some  dawnings  of  a  poetical  taste  among  the  gene 
rality  of  readers."  The  first  book  of  The  Minstrel,  thus 
referred  to,  made  its  appearance  in  1771,  and  was  most 
favourably  received.  He  was  honoured  by  the  intimacy 
of  Johnson,  Goldsmith,  Eeynolds,  and  Garrick;  and  in 
1773  received  a  substantial  token  of  royal  favour  in  the 
shape  of  a  pension  of  £200  per  annum.  Dr.  Beattie  gives 
a  very  interesting  account  of  an  interview  with  which  he 
was  honoured  by  George  III.  and  the  queen  : 

"  They  both  complimented  me  in  the  highest  terms  on  my  Essay, 
which  they  said  was  a  book  they  always  kept  by  them ;  and  the 
king  said  he  had  one  copy  of  it  at  Kew,  and  another  in  town,  and 
immediately  went  and  took  it  down  from  the  shelf.  '  I  never  stole 
a  book  but  once,'  said  his  majesty,  '  and  that  was  yours,'  speak 
ing  to  me.  'I  stole  it  from  the  queen,  to  give  it  to  Lord  Hertford 
to  read.'  He  had  heard  that  the  sale  of  Hume's  Essays  had  failed 
since  my  book  was  published;  and  I  told  him  what  Mr.  Strahan 
had  told  me  in  regard  to  that  matter." 

The  author  intended  to  add  a  second  part  to  the  Essay 
on  Truth,  but  it  was  never  completed. 

The  second  book  of  The  Minstrel  appeared  in  1774,  and 
was  received  with  as  much  favour  as  the  former.  Shortly 
before  this,  Dr.  Beattie  had  declined  the  offer  of  the  Pro 
fessorship  of  Moral  Philosophy  in  the  University  of  Edin 
burgh.  In  1776  he  pub.  by  a  subscription  of  nearly  500 
names,  a  new  edition  of  his  Essay  on  Truth,  with  some 
other  essays  in  the  same  volume :  On  Poetry  and  Music, 
On  Laughter  and  Ludicrous  Composition,  and  On  the 
Utility  of  Classical  Learning.  In  1777  a  new  edition  of 
The  Minstrel  was  given  to  the  world.  In  this  edition  was 
comprised  a  selection  of  the  author's  other  poetical  pieces. 
A  Letter  to  Dr.  Blair  on  Psalmody  was  printed,  but  not 
published,  in  1778.  A  List  of  Scotticisms  appeared  in  1779, 
and  during  the  next  year  he  contributed  to  the  Mirror  some 
papers.  His  Evidences  of  the  Christian  Religion,  2  vols. 
8vo,  was  pub.  1786. 

"  Dr.  Beattie's  Evidences  of  Christianity  is,  perhaps,  the  most 
popular,  as  it  is  certainly  the  most  useful,  of  his  prose  writings."— 
SIR  WM.  FORBES. 

In  1790  he  gave  to  the  world  the  first  volume  of  his  Ele 
ments  of  Moral  Science,  edited  a  new  edition  of  Addison's 
periodical  papers,  and  contributed  a  paper  to  the  Royal 
Society  of  Edinburgh's  publications.  Three  years  later 
appeared  the  second  volume  of  the  Elements  of  Moral  Sci 
ence.  The  death  of  his  two  sons  in  1790  and  1796,  and 
other  domestic  afflictions,  greatly  impaired  his  health, 
which  had  been  for  many  years  declining,  and  after  much 
suffering,  he  died  on  the  18th  of  August,  1803.  He  pub. 
in  1779  the  Miscellanies  of  his  son,  James  Hay  Beattie. 
He  was  buried  beside  his  two  sons  in  the  churchyard  of 
St.  Nicholas,  Aberdeen. 

Of  the  character  of  Dr.  Beattie,  it  is  only  necessary  to 
say  that  he  was  a  philanthropist  and  a  Christian  of  no 
common  order. 

An  Account  of  his  Life  and  Writings,  with  many  of  his 
letters,  was  pub.  at  Edin.,  2  vols.  4to,  in  1806,  by  Sir  Wil 
liam  Forbes.  We  find  frequent  reference  to  our  author  in 
Boswell's  Life  of  Dr.  Johnson.  Johnson  remarks  to 
Boswell : 

"  You  are  a  great  favourite  of  Dr.  Beattie.  Of  Dr.  Beattie  I 
should  have  thought  much,  but  that  his  lady  puts  him  out  of  my 
head;  she  is  a  very  lovely  woman.  .  .  .  We  all  love  Beattie.  Mrs. 
Ihrale  says,  if  ever  she  has  another  husband,  she'll  have  Beattie. 
IM  '.. Beaitt,ie's  book  [Essay  on  Truth]  is,  I  believe,  every  day  more 
liked;  at  least,  I  like  it  more  as  I  look  more  upon  it." 

With  this  favourable  opinion  the  author  was  highly 
pleased.  He  writes  to  Boswell : 

"  You  judge  very  rightly  in  supposing  that  Dr.  Johnson's  fa 
vourable  opinion  of  my  book  must  give  me  great  delight.  Indeed, 
It  is  impossible  for  me  to  say  how  much  I  am  gratified  by  it;  for 
there  is  not  a  man  on  earth  whose  good  opinion  I  would  be  more 
ambitious  to  cultivate." 


BEA 

On  another  occasion,  Johnson  contrasted  Beattie  favour 
ably  with  Robertson : 

" '  There  is  more  thought  in  the  novelist  than  in  the  historian. 
There  is  but  a  shallow  stream  of  thought  in  history.'  BOSWELL  : 
'  But  surely,  sir,  an  historian  has  reflection  ?'  JOHNSON  :  '  Why, 
yes,  sir :  and  so  has  a  cat  when  she  catches  a  mouse  for  her  kitten : 
but  she  cannot  write  like  [Beattie;]  neither  can  [Robertson.]'  .  .  . 
Such  was  his  sensibility,  and  so  much  was  he  affected  by  pathetic 
poetry,  that  when  he  was  reading  Dr.  Beattie's  Hermit,  in  my  pre 
sence,  it  brought  tears  into  his  eyes.  .  .  .  The  particular  passage 
which  excited  this  strong  emotion  was,  as  I  have  heard  from  my 
father,  the  third  stanza,  '  'Tis  Night,'  &c."— J.  BOSWELL,  Jr.  "  The 
fourth."— MARKLAND. 

The  Esjsay  on  Truth  is  now  but  little  read.  The  Edin 
burgh  Reviewer  of  Sir  William  Forbes's  volumes  censures 
the  Essay  in  no  measured  terms : 

"Every  one  has  not  the  capacity  of  writing  philosophically; 
but  every  one  may  be  at  least  temperate  and  candid ;  and  Dr.  Beat- 
tie's  book  is  still  more  remarkable  for  being  abusive  and  acrimo 
nious,  than  for  its  defects  in  argument  and  originality.  There  are 
no  subjects,  however,  in  the  wide  world  of  human  speculation, 
upon  which  such  vehemence  appears  more  groundless  and  unac 
countable,  than  the  greater  part  of  those  which  have  served  Dr. 
Beattie  for  topics  of  declamation  or  invective." 

"  Beattie,  the  most  agreeable  and  amiable  writer  1  ever  met  with , 
the  only  author  I  have  seen  whose  critical  and  philosophical  re 
searches  are  diversified  and  embellished  by  a  poetical  imagination, 
that  makes  even  the  driest  subject  and  the  leanest  a  feast  for  an 
epicure  in  books.  He  is  so  much  at  his  ease,  too,  that  his  own 
character  appears  in  every  page,  and,  which  is  very  rare,  we  see  not 
only  the  writer,  but.  the  man ;  and  the  man  so  gentle,  so  well  tem 
pered,  so  happy  in  his  religion,  and  so  humane  in  his  philosophy, 
that  it  is  necessary  to  love  him  if  one  has  any  sense  of  what  is 
lovely." — COWPER. 

The  Minstrel  was  designed  to  "trace  the  progress  of  a 
poetical  genius,  born  in  a  rude  age,  from  the  first  dawning 
of  fancy  and  reason,  till  that  period  at  which  he  may  be 
supposed  capable  of  appearing  in  the  world  as  a  minstrel." 

"  I  find  you  are  willing  to  suppose,  that,  in  Edwin,  I  have  given 
only  a  picture  of  myself  as  I  was  in  my  younger  days.  I  confess 
the  supposition  is  not  groundless." — Beattie,  to  Lady  Forbes. 

"  The  beauty  of  external  nature  was  never  more  finely  worship 
ped  than  in  the  conclusion  of  the  ninth  stanza,  which  Gray  truly 
pronounced  to  be  inspired." — Edin.  Encyclopaedia. 

Bishop  Warburton  pronounced  Dr.  Beattie  to  be  "  supe 
rior  to  the  whole  crew  of  Scotch  metaphysicians." 

Beattie,  James  Hay,  1768-1790,  son  of  the  preced 
ing,  a  "  most  amiable  and  promising  youth."  Miscellanies, 
Essays,  and  Fragments,  with  an  account  of  his  Life  and 
:  Character,  by  James  Beattie,  LL.D.,  Lon.,  1799,  12mo. 

"  The  English  poems  display  an  energy  of  expression,  a  vivacity 
of  description,  and  an  opposite  variety  of  numbers,  far  beyond  the 
years  of  the  author." 

Beattie,  William,  M.D.,  the  friend,  fellow-traveller, 
and  biographer  of  the  late  W.  H.  Bartlett,  assisted  the 
latter  in  several  of  his  publications.  1.  Residence  in  Ger 
many,  Lon.,  1822-26,  2  vols.  8vo.  2.  The  Pilgrim  in  Italy, 
12mo.  3.  The  Castles  and  Abbeys  of  England,  imp.  Svo, 
2  Series;  2d  Set.,  1851.  4.  Scotland  Illustrated,  1838, 
2  vols.  4to.  5.  The  Waldenses  Illustrated,  1838,  4to.  6. 
The  Danube:  its  History,  Scenery,  <fcc.,  1844, 12mo.  7.  Life 
and  Letters  of  Thos.  Campbell,  3  vols.  p.  Svo.  See  BART- 
LETT,  WILLIAM  HENRY. 

Beatty,  Charles.  Journal  of  a  Missionary  Tour  in 
Pennsylvania,  1786,  Svo.  The  Monitor,  1786,  Svo. 

Beatty,  Francis*  Cases  in  Chancery,  Ireland,  Dubl., 
1829,  Svo. 

Beatty,  W.,  M.D.,  1770-1843.  Narrative  of  the 
Death  of  Nelson,  Lon.,  1807,  Svo. 

Beaucliamps,  Lord.    Con.  to  Phil.  Trans.,  1741. 

Beauchesne,  John  de,  and  John  Baldoii.  Booke 
containing  divers  sortes  of  Hands,  &c.,  Lon.,  1570,  4to. 

"  I  apprehend  them  to  have  been  written  by  Mr.  Beauchesne,  a 
schoolmaster  in  Blackfriars,  and  cut  on  wood  by  Mr.  Baldon." — 
HERBERT. 

Beauclerc,  Rt«  Rev.  James,  Lord-Bishop  of  Here 
ford,  d.  1787.  Sermon  preached  before  the  Lords,  on  1 
Sam.  xv.  23,  (Jan.  30,)  Lon.,  1752,  4to. 

Beaufort,  D.  A.,  Rector  of  Lym.  Scripture  Sufficient 
without  Tradition.  The  Norrisian  Prize  Essay  for  1840. 
Lon.,  1841,  Svo. 

Beaufort,  Daniel  Augustus,  Rector  of  Navan,  in 
the  county  of  Meath.  A  work  on  the  Church  of  Rome, 
Dubl.,  1788,  8vo.  Memoir  of  a  Map  of  Ireland,  Ac.,  Dubl. 
and  Lon.,  1792,  4to. 

"An  exceedingly  valuable  work,  containing  a  succinct  account 
of  the  civil  and  ecclesiastical  state  of  Ireland,  and  an  Index  of  all 
the  places  which  appear  on  the  author's  map." — LOWNDES. 

Beaufort,  Rear- Admiral  Sir  Francis,  K.C.B., 

F.R.S.,  Ac.,  late  Hydrographer  to  the  Admiralty,  d.  1857. 
Karamania;  or,  A  Brief  Description  of  the  South  Coast  of 
AsiaMinor  and  of  the  Remains  of  Antiquity,  Lon.,1817,  Svo. 
"A  valuable  addition  to  the  maritime  geography  and  antiquities 
of  a  part  of  Asia  not  described  hitherto." 

147 


BEA 

Beaufort,  John.  The  Daughter  of  Adoption,  Lon., 
1800,  4  vols.  12mo. 

Beaufort,  Margaret,  Countess  of  Richmond  and 
Derby,  and  mother  of  Henry  VII.,  1441-1509,  translated 
from  French  into  English,  The  Mirrour  of  Golde  for  the 
sinfull  Soule,  printed  by  Pynson,  in  4to.  Treatise  of  the 
Imitation  of  Christ;  printed  at  the  end  of  Dr.  Wm.  Atkin 
son's  English  trans,  of  the  three  first  books,  1504.  A  Let 
ter  to  her  son  is  printed  in  Howard's  Collection  of  Letters. 
Her  Will,  which  is  very  curious,  is  in  the  Collection  of 
Royal  and  Noble  Wills,  p.  376,  1780,  4to. 

"  That  she  was  a  zealous  patroness  of  literature  is  obvious  from 
the  testimony  of  several  publications  which  were  undertaken  and 
executed  at  the  command,  exhortation,  or  enticement,  of  the  prin 
cess  Margaret." 

"  Right  studious  she  was  in  bokes,  which  she  had  in  grete  num 
ber,  both  in  Englysh  and  in  Latin,  and  in  Frenshe ;  and  for  her 
exercise,  and  for  the  profyte  of  others,  she  did  translate  divers 
matters  of  devocyon  out  of  the  Frensh  into  Englysh." — Bishop 
Fisher's  Marnynge  fiemembraunce. 
'   See  Park's  Walpole's  Royal  and  Noble  Authors. 
Beaufoy,  Henry.     Speeches,  &c.,  1787-88,  1810-14. 
Beaufoy,   Col.  Mark.    Con.   to    Ann.   Philosoph., 
1813-17. 

Beaulieu,  Liiike  de,  Chaplain  to  Lord  Jeffries,  and 
Prebendary  of  Gloucester.     Theolog.  works,  1674-1706. 
Beauman,  Wm.     Sermon  on  Mai.  ii.  7. 
Beaumont.     Dutch  Albanus,  Lon.,  1712,  8vo. 
Beaumont,  Alex.     History  of  Spain,  1812,  8vo. 
Beaumont,  Barber.    Provident,  or  Parish  Banks, 
Lon.,  1816,  8vo. 

Beaumont, Charles.  The  Coal  Trade,  Lon.,  1789,4to. 
Beaumont,  Francis,  15S5P-1615-16,  and  John 
Fletcher,  1576M625,  united  themselves  so  closely  during 
life,  that  "  in  death  they  have  not  been  divided"  by  the 
biographer.  Francis  Beaumont  was  descended  from  the 
ancient  and  noble  family  of  the  name,  whose  residence  was 
at  Grace-Dieu  in  .Leicestershire.  His  grand-father,  John 
Beaumont,  was  Master  of  the  Rolls,  and  his  father,  Francis, 
one  of  the  judges  of  the  Court  of  Common  Pleas.  He  was 
entered  a  gentleman-commoner  of  Broadgates'  Hall,  (now 
Pembroke  College,)  Oxford,  Feb.  4, 1596-97.  After  leav 
ing  college  he  became  a  member  of  the  Inner  Temple  ;  but 
is  not  supposed  to  have  become  very  profoundly  versed  in 
the  principles  of  jurisprudence.  A  translation  of  the  fable 
of  Salmacis  and  Hermaphroditus  from  Ovid  into  English 
rhyme  and  much  enlarged,  printed  in  1602,  4to,  is  ascribed 
to  his  pen,  though  not  without  question.  Of  Beaumont's 
life  but  very  little  is  known.  He  married  Ursula,  a  daughter 
of  Henry  Isley,  of  Sundridge,  in  Kent,  by  whom  he  left 
two  daughters.  He  died  before  he  had  attained  his  30th 
year,  and  was  buried  near  the  entrance  of  St.  Benedict's 
Chapel,  Westminster  Abbey,  near  the  Earl  of  Middlesex's 
monument.  Bishop  Corbit  honoured  the  departed  poet  by 
the  following  epitaph : 

ON  MR.  FRANCIS  BEAUMONT.    . 
"  He  that  hath  such  acuteness  and  such  wit 
As  would  ask  ten  good  heads  to  husband  it : — 
He  that  can  write  so  well  that  no  man  dare 
Refuse  it  for  the  best, — let  him  beware! 
BEAUMONT  is  dead !  by  whose  sole  death  appears 
Wit's  a  disease  consumes  men  in  few  years !" 
His  brother,  also,  Sir  John  Beaumont,  intimates  that 
the  mental  powers  of  the  poet  were  overtasked : 

"  Thou  should'st  have  followed  me,  but  Death,  to  blame, 
Miscounted  years,  and  measured  age  by  feme : 
So  dearly  hast  thou  bought  thy  precious  lines, 
Their  praise  grew  swiftly,  so  thy  life  declines." 
Of  the  collection  entitled  The  Works  of  Beaumont  and 
Fletcher,  (fifty-two  plays,  a   Masque,   and   some   Minor 
Poems,)  Beaumont  alone  wrote  The  Masque  of  the  Inner 
Temple  and  Gray's  Inn,  and  the  Minor  Poems,  it  is  be 
lieved,  with  the  exception  of  The  Honest  Man's  Fortune, 
which  follows  the  play  with  that  title :  this  "  challenges 
Fletcher  for  its  sole  author,  and  remains  the  single  undra- 
matic  poem  extant  of  Fletcher's,  unless  we  add  a  few  self- 
commendatory  verses  prefixed  to  The  Faithful  Shepherd 
ess."     The  Masque  dedicated  to  Sir  Francis  Bacon  was 
acted  and  printed  1612-13  ;  the  Poems  were  printed  1640, 
4to ;  1653,  1660,  8vo.     The  most  celebrated  is  the  Letter 
to  Ben  Jonson. 

"  Beaumont's  poems  are  all  of  considerable,  some  of  them  ol 
high,  merit."— DR.  Buss. 

"  His  original  poems  give  him  very  superior  claims  to  a  place 
in  our  collections.  Although  we  find  some  of  the  metaphysical 
conceits  so  common  in  his  day,  particularly  in  an  elegy  on  Lady 
Markham,  he  is  in  general  more  free  from  them  than  his  contem 
poraries.  His  sentiments  are  elegant  and  refined,  and  his  versifi 
cation  is  unusually  harmonious.  Where  have  we  more  lively  ima 
gery,  or  in  greater  profusion,  than  in  the  sonnet,  Like  a  Ring 
without  a  Finger  ?  His  amatory  poems  are  sprightly  and  original, 
»nd  some  of  his  lyrics  rise  to  the  impassioned  spirit  of  Shakspeare 
148 


BEA 

and  Milton.  Sir  E.  Brydges  is  of  opinion  that  the  third  song  in 
he  play  of  Nice  Valour  afforded  the  first  hint  of  the  11  Penseroso." 
John  Fletcher  was  the  son  of  Richard,  successively 
Bishop  of  Bristol,  Worcester,  and  London.  He  was  edu- 
jated  at  Cambridge,  probably  at  Bene't  College,  and  had 
he  reputation  of  respectable  proficiency  in  the  classics. 
As  many  of  the  plots  of  his  plays  were  taken  from  the 
Spanish,  French,  and  Italian,  it  is  a  fair  inference  that  he 
was  versed  in  those  languages.  It  is  believed  that  he  waa 
never  married.  He  died  of  the  plague,  in  London,  in 
1625,  and  was  buried  in  St.  Saviour's,  Southwark.  In  ad 
dition  to  the  pieces  written  exclusively  by  Fletcher,  and 
lis  labours  in  conjunction  with  Beaumont,  he  assisted 
Ben  Jonson  and  Middleton  in  The  Widow,  and  is  supposed 
to  have  been  also  a  literary  partner  with  Shakspeare,  Mas- 
singer,  and  some  other  authors.  The  Two  Noble  Kings- 
men  was  formerly  very  confidently  attributed  to  Fletcher 
and  Shakspeare;  though  later  opinions  deprive  the  latter 
of  any  share  in  the  authorship.  Still  the  title-page  of  the 
arst  edition  carries  the  name  of  both,  and  the  assertion 
seems  to  have  been  unquestioned  by  those  who,  living  near 
the  time,  may  be  supposed  to  have  been  as  good  judges  as 
the  ingenious  skeptics  of  modern  times.  However,  we 
offer  no  opinion  upon  the  subject.  Langbaine  declares  that 
Shakspeare  was  one  of  the  authors ;  and  the  following  re 
marks  are  worthy  of  consideration  : 

"  Since  the  truth  of  this  statement  was  never  questioned  until 
modern  times,  although  many  of  Shakspeare's  friends  were  living 
when  the  play  was  published ;  since  all  the  old  critics  mention 
Shakspeare  as  one  of  the  writers  of  it ; — and,  more  than  all,  since 
the  internal  evidence  fully  bears  out  the  tradition,  we  think  the 
genuineness  of  it  can  scarcely  be  questioned.  If  Shakspeare  did 
not  assist  Fletcher,  who  then  did?  None  of  the  plays  which 
Fletcher  alone  wrote  are  composed  in  the  same  style,  or  exhibit 
the  same  lofty  imagination,  and  if  there  were  any  other  dramatist 
save  Shakspeare,  who  could  attain  to  such  a  height  of  excellence, 
he  has  certainly  handed  down  none  of  his  compositions  to  pos 
terity.  If  Shakspeare  did  not  write  part  of  it,  all  we  can  say  is, 
that  his  imitators  went  very  near  to  rival  himself."— Cunningham's 
Biog.  Hist,  of  Eng. 

We  have  stated  that  after  deducting  from  "  The  Works 
of  Beaumont  and  Fletcher"  those  compositions  of  which 
Beaumont  was  sole  author,  (and  the  one  undrauiatic  poem 
of  Fletcher's,)  we  have  remaining  fifty-two  plays.  Mr. 
Darley  remarks : 

"  Out  of  the  fifty-two  plays,  Beaumont  had  no  share  in  the  first 
nine  here  set  down,  it  may  be  said  with  little  hesitation,  and  with 
none,  in  the  next  nine — making  in  all  eighteen" 
THE  LOYAL  SUBJECT.  First  represented  in    1618. 

THE  ISLAND  PRINCESS.  "  1621. 

THE  PILGRIM.  "  1621. 

THE  WILDGOOSE  CHASE.  "  1621. 

THE  BEGGAR'S  BUSH.  "  1622. 

THE  WOMAN'S  PRIZE  ;  OR,  THE  TAMER  TAMED. 
THE  MAD  LOVER. 
LOVER'S  PILGRIMAGE. 
THE  NIGHT  WALKER. 
THE  FAITHFUL  SHEPHERDESS. 

THE  PROPHETESS.  Produced  the  14th  May,  1622. 

THE  SEA  VOYAGE.  "          22d  June,  1622. 

THE  SPANISH  CURATE.  "          24th  Oct.,  1622. 

THE  MAID  OP  THE  MILL.  "          29th  Aug.,  1623. 

A  WIFE  FOR  A  MONTH.  "          27th  May,  1624. 

RULE  A  WIFE  AND  HAVE  A  WIFE.    "          19th  Oct.,  1624. 
THE  FAIR  MAID  OF  THE  INN.  "          22d  Jan.,   1625. 

THE  NOBLE  GENTLEMAN.  "  3d  Feb.,    1625. 

"  For  this  latter  set  of  dates  we  have  Sir  Henry  Herbert,  the 
licenser's,  manuscript,  as  authority;  which  also  decides  the  corre 
sponding  dramas  to  be  by  Fletcher  alone,  except  the  Maid  of  the 
Mill,  wherein  he  had  Rowley's  assistance.  That  the  Faithful 
Shepherdess  was  Fletcher's  sole  production,  there  is  no  doubt,  and 
every  evidence.  Two  other  plays  by  him,  licensed  in  1623,  are 
lost,— The  Devil  of  Dowgate ;  or,  Usury  put  to  Use,  and  The  Wan 
dering  Lovers.  For  the  former  set  of  dates  we  have  authority  not 
so  direct,  but  sufficient ;  and  Fletcher  seems  to  have  written  with 
out  help  all  the  dramas,  dated  and  undated,  save  the  last  two, 
which  he  left  imperfect,  and  which  Malone  says  were  finished  by 
Sherley.  These  eighteen  plays,  therefore,  furnish  criticism  a  fair, 
broad  ground  whereupon  to  judge  of  Fletcher's  individual  style. 
We  may  perhaps  add  The  Woman  Hater,  produced  about  1606-7. 
Concerning  the  other  thirty-three  dramas,  (half  a  dozen  excepted,) 
we  can  ascertain  the  times  of  their  representation,  or,  at  least, 
publication,  with  various  degrees  of  precision;  but  it  is  difficult 
to  apportion  their  authorship— I  might  say,  impossible— though 
easy  enough  to  hypothesize,  and  yet  easier  to  pronounce  abou 
it.  ...  Besides  the  above-mentioned  definite  class  of  Eighteen 
attributable  almost  entirely  to  Fletcher,  I  shall  mark  out  another  of 
Nine,  all  of  which  may  have  been  partly  written  by  Beaumont,  as 
they  were  composed  or  made  public  before  his  death,  and  some  of 
them  even  claim  him  for  their  chief  author  on  good  evidence. 
THE  KNIGHT  OF  THE  BURNING  PESTLE.  First  rep.  in  1611. 
PHILASTER;  OR,  LOVE  AND  MADNESS.  Rep.  before  1611. 
THE  MAID'S  TRAGEDY.  "  161L 


BEA 

KING  AND  No  KINO. 

THE  HONEST  MAN'S  FORTUNE. 

THE  COXCOMB. 

CUPID'S  REVENGE. 

THE  CAPTAIN. 

THE  SCORNFUL  LADY. 


Licensed  in  1611. 

"  1613. 
Acted  first  in  1613. 

«         1613. 

"  1613. 
Published  in  1616. 


"  I  add  The  Scornful  Lady,  though  not  published  till  after  the 
death  of  Beaumont,  because  it  was  written  some  years  earlier ;  and 
I  omit  the  Woman  Hater,  though  published  before  that  epoch,  be 
cause  he  is  understood  to  have  had  no  share  in  this  work. 

"  Even  from  the  above  small  class  we  can  select  but  three  dramas, 
verified  as  joint  compositions  of  our  English  Damon  and  Pythias, 
to  wit,  l-hilaster,  TheMaid's  Tragedy,  King  and  No  King.  The 
former  two.  indeed,  if  they  be  not  equi-valuable  with  all  the  other 
nlavs  together  of  this  collection,  are  beyond  doubt  those  on  which 
has  depended,  and  ever  will  depend,  its  principal  charm,  and  the 
chief  renown  of  Beaumont  and  Fletcher.  King  and  No  King  also 
renders  their  genius  apparent  in  its  brightest  phase.  Critics,  how 
ever  go  further  than  1  can.  They  affirm  that  of  the  fifty-two  plays, 
those  under-named— sixteen  or  seventeen  (if  we  include  The  Knight 
of  the  Burning  Pestle)— vindicate  the  time-honoured  title  of  our 
volume.  Beaumont,  it  is  thought,  was  co-parent  to  these,  but  no 
more  than  these.  I  will  particularize  such  of  their  dates  as  have 
been  ascertained." 

THE  KNIGHT  OF  THE  BURNING  PESTLE.     First  represented 

in  1611. 
Written  before  1611. 


Probably  before  1611. 
Licensed  in     " 
«  1613 

Acted  first  1613 
tt      tt        (( 

Printed  1616. 

tt         tt 


PHILASTER. 

THE  MAID'S  TRAGEDY. 

FOUR  PLAYS  IN  ONE. 

KING  AND  No  KING. 

THE  HONEST  MAN'S  FORTUNE. 

THE  COXCOMB. 

CUPID'S  REVENGE. 

THE  SCORNFUL  LADY. 

WIT  WITHOUT  MONEY. 

WlT  AT  SEVERAL  WEAPONS. 

THE  LITTLE  FRENCH  LAWYER. 

THE  CUSTOM  OF  THE  COUNTRY. 

BONDUCA. 

THE  LAWS  OF  CANDY. 

THE  KNIGHT  OF  MALTA. 

THE  FAITHFUL  FRIENDS. 

"  Partnership  in  but  seventeen  out  of  fifty-two  plays  gives  Beau 
mont  small  apparent  claim  on  the  total  joint-stock  reputation.  It 
seems  possible,  however,  that  some  others,  not  brought  out  till 
after  his  death,  may  have  been  planned,  and  partly  or  wholly 
written,  with  his  co  operation  before  it." — Introduction  to  Moxons 
edition,  Lon.,  1839.  2  vols.  8vo. 

Beaumont  was  author,  in  addition  to  his  works  already 
named,  of  a  drama  entitled  The  History  of  Mador,  King 
of  Great  Britain,  now  lost.  Several  other  compositions 
have  been  attributed  to  our  literary  partners,  as  well  as  to 
Fletcher,  in  conjunction  with  others;  in  The  History  of 
Cardenio,  Shakspeare  is  said  to  have  been  his  colleague. 
(See  Darley's  Introduction,  and  Weber's  edition,  Lon.,  1802, 
8vo,  1814, 14  vols.)  This  edition  was  severely  handled  by 
Gifford  and  Oct.  Gilchrist. 

We  have  already  mentioned  the  early  editions  of  Beau 
mont's  Poems.  The  Golden  Remains  of  Francis  Beau 
mont  and  John  Fletcher,  2d  edit.,  with  other  Drolleries  by 
severall  Wits  of  these  present  Times,  was  pub.,  Lon.,  1660, 
8vo.  The  first  collected  edition  of  the  comedies  and  tra 
gedies  was  pub.,  Lon.,  1647,  folio,  with  portrait  of  Fletcher. 
This  edition  contains  a  dedication  by  ten  comedians  to 
Philip,  the  Earl  of  Pembroke  and  Montgomery.  It  was 
edited  by  John  Shirley,  and  contained  36  plays,  printed 
for  the  first  time.  Also,  Lon.,  1650,  in  4to;  1679,  folio; 
1711,  7  vols.  8vo ;  with  notes  by  Theobald,  Seward,  and 
Sympson,  1750,  10  vols.  8vo;  with  notes  by  various  com 
mentators,  1778, 10  vols.  8vo,  edit,  by  George  Colman ;  edit, 
by  Theobald,  1780,  10  vols. ;  with  notes  by  Henry  Weber, 
1812,  14  vols.  8vo,  with  portraits;  edited  by  Dyce,  1843- 
46,  11  vols.  8vo.  Moxon's  beautiful  edition,  1839,  has 
been  before  referred  to.  This  enterprising  and  highly 
respectable  publisher  has  issued,  in  the  same  superior 
style,  the  works  of  Shakspeare,  Ben  Jonson,  Dryden 
Spenser,  Massinger  and  Ford,  Wycherley,  Congreve,  Van- 
brugh,  and  Farquhar.  To  some  of  the  works  of  this  selec 
tion  there  are  such  grave  objections,  that  we  cannot  desire 
their  circulation,  and  there  is  hardly  one  author  of  the 
whole  to  whom  the  pruning-knife  should  not  be  appliec 
before  he  becomes  an  inmate  in  the  domestic  circle.  Our 
remarks  upon  certain  dramatic  writers  (see  COLLIER 
JEREMY)  may  be  consulted  in  this  connexion. 

The  friendship  existing  between  Beaumont  and  Fletcher 
was  of  the  most  endearing  kind.  Aubrey  tells  us,  in  his 
remarks  upon  Beaumont, 

"  There  was  a  wonderful  consimility  of  phansy  between  him  and 
Mr.  Jo.  Fletcher,  which  caused  that  dearnesse  of  friendship  between 
them.  I  have  heard  Dr.  Jo.  Earle  (since  Bish.  of  Sarum)  say,  who 
knew  them,  that  his  maine  businesse  was  to  correct  the  overflow 
ings  of  Mr.  Fletcher's  witt.  They  lived  together  on  the  Banke  side 


BEA 

not  fer  from  the  play-house,  both  bachelors,  lay  together,  ...  the 
same  cloaths  and  cloake,  &c.,  between  them." 

We  proceed  to  quote  the  opinions  of  a  number  of  writers 
upon  the  works  of  our  distinguished  poet.  Shirley,  in 
the  preface  to  the  first  collected  edition,  (1647  see  ante,) 
after  a  laboured  description  of  the  constituents  of  true 

This,  you  will  say,  is  a  vast  comprehension,  and  hath  not  hap 
pened  in  many  years.  Be  it  then  remembered  to  the  glory  of  our 
own  that  all  these  are  demonstrative,  and  met  in  Beaumont  and 
Fletcher  whom  but  to  mention  is  to  throw  a  cloud  upon  all  former 
names,  and  benight  posterity ;  this  book  being,  without  flattery, 
the  greatest  monument  of  the  scene  that  time  and  humanity  have 
produced,  and  must  live,  not  only  the  crown  and  sole  reputation 
of  our  own,  but  the  stain  of  all  other  nations  and  languages." 

We  quote  some  specimens  from  the  Commendatory 
Verses  prefixed  to  the  works.  The  following  refer  to 
Fletcher. 

"  Thou  hast  left  unto  the  times  so  great 
A  legacy,  a  treasure  so  complete, 
That  'twill  be  hard,  I  fear,  to  prove  thy  will: 
Men  will  be  wrangling,  and  in  doubting  still, 
How  so  vast  sums  of  wit  were  left  behind, 
And  yet  nor  debts,  nor  sharers,  they  can  find." 

HENRY  MOODY,  BART. 

"  Then  shall  the  country,  that  poor  tennis-ball 
Of  angry  fate,  receive  thy  pastorall, 
And  from  it  learn  those  melancholy  strains 
Fed  the  afiiicted  souls  of  primitive  swains. 
Thus  the  whole  world  to  reverence  will  flock 
Thy  tragic  buskin  and  thy  comic  sock : 
And  winged  fame  unto  posterity 
Transmit  but  only  two,  this  age  and  thee." 

THOMAS  PEYTON. 

«  And,  by  the  court  of  Muses  be  't  decreed, 
What  graces  spring  from  poesy's  richer  seed, 
When  we  name  Fletcher,  shall  be  so  proclaimed, 
As  all  that's  royal  is,  when  Caesar's  named." 

ROBERT  STAPYLTON,  KNT. 
"  Jonson,  Shakspeare,  and  thyself  did  sit, 
And  sway'd  in  the  triumvirate  of  Wit. 
Yet  what  from  Jonson's  oil  and  sweat  did  flow, 
Or  what  more  easy  Nature  did  bestow 
On  Shakspeare's  gentler  muse  in  thee  full  grown 
Their  graces  both  appear."— J.  DENHAM. 
"  Fletcher,  to  thee,  we  do  not  only  owe 
All  these  good  plays,  but  those  of  others  too : 
Thy  wit  repeated,  does  support  the  stage, 
Credits  the  last,  and  entertains  this,  age. 
No  worthies  form'd  by  any  muse,  but  thine, 
Could  purchase  robes  to  make  themselves  so  fine." 

EDM.  WALLER. 

"  Fair  star,  ascend !  the  joy,  the  life,  the  light 
Of  this  tempestuous  age,  this  dark  world's  sight! 
Oh  from  thy  crown  of  glory  dart  one  flame 
May  strike  a  sacred  reverence,  whilst  thy  name 
(Like  holy  flamens  to  their  god  of  day) 
We,  bowing,  sing;  and  whilst  we  praise,  we  pray." 

RICH.  LOVELACE. 

The  bad  taste,  if  not  impiety,  of  this  apostrophe  is  not 
at  all  singular  in  our  old  writers*  We  quote  the  compli 
mentary  epistle  of  Ben  Jonson  in  answer  to  Beaumont's 
letter  to  the  former  on  The  Fox  : 

"To  MR.  FRANCIS  BEAUMONT. 
"  How  I  do  love  thee,  Beaumont,  and  thy  Muse. 
That  unto  me  dost  such  religion  use ! 
How  I  do  fear  myself,  that  am  not  worth 
The  least  indulgent  thought  thy  pen  drops  forth  I 
At  once  thou  makest  me  happy,  and  unmakest, 
And  giving  largely  to  me,  more  thou  takest : 
1      What  fate  is  mine  that  so  itself  bereaves  ? 
What  art  is  thine,  that  so  thy  friend  deceives? 
When  even  there,  where  most  thou  praisest  me 
For  writing  better,  I  must  envy  thee !" 

We  do  not  discontinue  quotations  from  want  of  matter, 
for  of  the  Commendatory  Verses  inscribed  to  Fletcher,  to 
Beaumont,  and  to  both  together,  there  are  no  less  than 
twenty -five  sets ! 

Gerard  Langbaine  tells  us, 

"  To  speak  first  of  Mr.  Beaumont,  he  was  master  of  a  good  wit, 
and  a  better  judgment;  he  so  admirably  well  understood  the  art 
of  the  stage,  that  even  Jonson  himself  thought  it  no  disparage 
ment  to  submit  his  writings  to  his  correction.  .  .  .  Mr.  Fletcher's 
wit  was  equal  to  Mr.  Beaumont's  judgment,  and  was  so  luxuriant, 
that,  like  superfluous  branches,  it  was  frequently  prun'd  by  his 
judicious  partner.  These  poets  perfectly  understood  breeding, 
and,  therefore,  successfully  copy'd  the  conversation  of  gentlemen. 
They  knew  how  to  describe  the  manners  of  the  age;  and  Fletcher 
had  a  peculiar  talent  in  expressing  all  his  thoughts  with  life  and 
briskness." — Account  of  Dramat.  Poets,  1691. 

With  reference  to  Jonson's  deference  to  Beaumont's 
judgment,  we  may  barely  refer  to  the  amusing  error  of 
Dryden,  who  will  have  it  that  "  Rare  Ben"  submitted  "all 
of  his  plots"  to  the  supervision  of  his  sagacious  friend; 
which, Mr.  Darley  truly  remarks, 

"  Would  prove  our  author  indeed  a  precocious  genius,  as  Every 
Man  in  His  Humour  was  produced  in  1596,  when  Beaumont  was 
but  ten  years  old.     But  Dryden  seems  to  have  been  the  loosest 
speaker,  not  an  intentional  liar,  among  all  our  great  literati." 
Dryden  tells  us  that  Beaumont  and  Fletcher's  plays  in 


BEA 

his  time  were  the  most  pleasing  and  frequent  entertain-  | 
ments  of  the  stage,  two  of  theirs  being  acted  through  the  j 
year  for  one  of  Shakspeare's  or  of  Jonson's.     Sir  John  Ber-  | 
kenhead  has  no  hesitation  in  avowing  his  preference  for 
Fletcher  above  Shakspeare : 

"  Brave  Shakespear  flow'd,  yet  had  his  ebbings  too, 
Often  above  himself,  sometimes  below ; 
Thou  always  best.  .  .  . 
Shakespear  was  early  up,  and  went  so  drest 
As  for  these  dawning  hours  he  knew  was  best ; 
But  when  the  sun  shone  forth,  you  too  thought  fit 
To  wear  just  robes,  and  leave  off  trunk-hose  wit." 
Mr.  Cartwright  is  of  the  same  mind : 
"  Shakespear  to  thee  was  dull,  whose  best  jest  lies 
I'  th'  Ladies'  questions,  and  the  Fool's  replies ; 
Old-fashioned  wit,  which  walked  from  town  to  town, 
In  turn'd  hose,  which  our  fathers  call'd  the  Clown  ; 
Whose  wit  our  nice  times  would  obsceneness  call, 
And  which  made  bawdry  pass  for  comical. 
Nature  was  all  his  art;  thy  vein  was  free 
As  bis,  but  without  his  scurrility." 

This  commendation  for  decency,  as  contrasted  with 
Shakspeare,  is  so  exceedingly  preposterous,  that  we  cannot 
but  wonder  whether  Cartwright  ever  really  perused 
Fletcher's  writings.  Rymer  criticizes  The  Maid's  Tragedy, 
The  Chances,  and  Valentinian,  with  great  severity.  He 
sent  one  of  his  reviews  to  Dryden,  who,  in  the  blank  leaves 
before  the  beginning  and  after  the  end  of  the  book,  made 
several  remarks,  as  if  he  designed  an  answer  to  that  gen 
tleman.  The  following  is  not  without  interest : 

"  Shakespear  and  Fletcher  have  written  to  the  genius  of  the 
age  and  nation  in  which  they  lived;  for  though  nature,  as  he 
[Rymer]  objects,  is  the  same  in  all  places,  and  reason,  too,  the  same ; 
yet  the  climate,  the  age,  the  disposition  of  the  people  to  whom  a 
poet  writes,  may  be  so  different,  that  what  pleased  the  Greeks 
would  not  satisfy  an  English  audience." 

We  cordially  concur  in  the  following  censure : 
"  Among  the  faults  of  Beaumont  and  Fletcher,  their  want  of 
decency  calls  for  particular  reprehension.  In  this  respect  they  are 
far  more  blameable  than  Shakespeare.  The  language  they  put  into 
the  mouths  of  the  best  characters  hath  sometimes  a  freedom,  we 
might  say  a  coarseness,  in  it,  which  cannot  be  justified  from  the 
manners  of  the  age,  though  that  circumstance  has  been  alleged  in 
palliation  of  their  conduct." 

It  has  been  well  remarked  that 

"  Most  writers  (at  least  those  of  great  abilities)  are  commonly 
so  jealous  of  their  own  productions,  that  they  are  very  unwilling 
to  have  another  share  with  them  in  the  fame  of  a  single  thought 
that  has  met  with  success.  How  great,  then,  must  have  been  the 
resignation  of  our  two  poets;  how  noble  a  sacrifice  must  they 
have  made  to  self-love  in  thus  blending  their  reputations,  and 
each  communicating  to  each  that  light  which  would  have  made 
them  singly  conspicuous." — General  Biog.  Diet. 

"  Almost  every  one  of  Beaumont  and  Fletcher's  fifty-two  dramas 
is  founded  upon  Love.  This  fact  might  even  alone  serve  for  a 

Es  to  mete  the  genius  of  our  authors.    Among  all  poetic  sub- 
love  is  the  easiest  to  succeed  with,  being  the  most  popular, 
lect  it  over-often  is,  therefore,  a  mark  of  weakness ;  a  proof 
of  impotence  to  handle  subjects,  which  interest  less  universally, 
enthusiastically.    No  dramatist  who  has  a  heart  will  eschew  love- 
subjects;  but  they  will  be  always  chosen  by  many  dramatisers 
who  have  nothing  else.  .  .  .  Beaumont  and  Fletcher  seem  to  have 
caught  one  deep  truth  of  nature, — their  women  are  either  far 
more  angelical  or  diabolical  than  their  men.    They  have  also  deli 
neated  women  much  better, — a  mark,  by  the  bye,  of  their  feminine 
fenius,  if  we  must  not  call  it  effeminate  or  feeble.  .  .  .  Certain  of 
heir  lyrics  are  very  good,  especially  the  Anacreontic.    '  God  Lyaeus 
ever  young,'  in  Valentinian,  breathes  a  fine  spirit  of  Bacchanalian 
enthusiasm.    But  the  string  our  lyrists  touched  most  often  was 
that  which,  like  the  Teian  bard's, ' responded  love;'  and  which 
often  did  so  with  exquisite  sweetness — 

'  The  very  twang  of  Cupid's  bow  sung  to  it.' 
Indeed,  throughout  their  works,  '  Venus  the  Victorious'  seems  to 
have  been  the  battle-word  on  which  they  relied,  rather  than  '  Her 
cules  the  Invincible,' though  not  always  so  successfully  as  Caesar.r 
— DARLEY. 

Milton,  doubtless,  was  largely  indebted  to  Fletcher's 
Faithful  Shepherdess  in  his  Comus. 

"True,  those  thoughts  thus  transferred,  frequently  resemble 
motes  in  the  sunbeams,  themselves  fertile  particles,  glittering 
with  a  radiance  not  their  own." 

"  He  who  has  not  perused  Beaumont  and  Fletcher  can  have  no 
complete  idea  of  the  riches  of  English  poetry ;  and  they  are  the 
only  English  dramatists  whose  distance  from  Shakspeare,  in  his 
more  peculiar  excellencies,  is  not  so  immense  as  to  make  the  de 
scent  painful.  .  .  .  Shakspeare  has  few  portraits  so  exquisitely 
beautiful  as  those  of  Aspasia  and  Bellario.  and  not  many  more 
comic  than  those  of  Bessus  and  the  little  French  lawyer.  Their 
grand  excellencies  are  not  so  much  the  depicting  of  character,  as 
a  rich  vein  of  wit ; — a  native  elegance  of  thought  and  expression, 
and  a  wandering  romantic  fancy,  delightful  even  in  its  wildest 
moods.  They  do  not  possess  the  profound  knowledge  of  human 
nature  which  alone  would  have  made  Shakspeare  immortal.  They 
cannot  paint  with  the  brush  of  a  master  the  gradual  progress  of 
a  mind  from  confidence  to  suspicion, — from  suspicion  to  jealousy 
—and  from  jealousy  to  madness;  or  the  fearful  workings  of  a  sou 
racked  between  the  ardent  desire  of  an  object  which  seems  almost 
Within  the  grasp,  and  the  dread  and  abhorrence  of  the  path  of 
crime  by  which  that  object  must  be  attained.  Their  characters 
are  not  so  much  beings  of  lofty  intellect  as  of  deep  passion ;  an<j 
150 


BEA 

these  passions  are  portrayed  not  in  their  rise  and  gradual  progress, 
but  in  their  highest  mood." — Cunningham's  Biog.  Hist,  of  Eng. 

"  Fletcher  had  an  excellent  wit,  which,  the  back  friends  to  stage- 
plays  will  say,  was  neither  idle  nor  well  employed ;  for  he  and 
Francis  Beaumont,  esquire,  like  Castor  and  Pollux,  (most  happy 
when  in  conjunction.)  raised  the  English  to  equal  the  Athenian 
and  Roman  theatre ;  Beaumont  bringing  the  ballast  of  judgment, 
Fletcher  the  sail  of  phantasy ;  both  compounding  a  poet  to  admi 
ration." — Fuller's  Worthies. 

The  justice  of  this  apportionment  of  wit  and  judgment 
has  been  questioned : 

"  Since  on  the  one  hand,  The  Maid's  Tragedy.  Philaster,  and  the 
King  and  No  King,  in  which  Beaumont  is  generally  allowed  to 
have  had  the  chief  hand,  exhibit  more  fancy,  more  of  the  qualities 
by  which  Fletcher  was  distinguished  than  the  majority  of  the  other 
plays  which  they  are  known  to  have  written  in  conjunction ;  while, 
on  "the  other  hand,  those  written  by  Fletcher  alone,  are,  on  the 
whole,  equal  in  point  of  taste  and  judgment  to  most  of  those  in 
which  Beaumont  assisted  him."  • 

It  cannot  be  denied  that  they  are  lyrical  and  descriptive  poets 
of  the  highest  order;  every  page  of  their  writings  is  a.Jiorihgium: 
they  are  dramatic  poets  of  the  second  class  in  point  of  knowledge, 
variety,  vivacity,  and  effect ;  there  is  hardly  a  passion,  character, 
or  situation,  which  they  have  not  touched  in  their  devious  range, 
and  whatever  they  touched  they  adorned  with  some  new  grace  or 
striking  feature:  they  are  masters  of  style  and  versification  in 
almost  every  variety  of  melting  modulation  or  sounding  pomp  of 
which  they  are  capable :  in  comic  wit  and  spirit,  they  are  scarcely 
surpassed  by  any  writers  of  our  age." — HAZLITT  :  Age  of  Elizabeth. 
"  Their  charm  is,  vigour  and  variety ;  their  defects,  a  coarseness 
and  grotesqueness  that  betray  no  circumspection.  There  is  so  much 
more  hardihood  than  discretion  in  the  arrangement  of  their  scenes, 
that,  if  Beaumont's  taste  and  judgment  had  the  disposal  of  them 
he  fully  proved  himself  the  junior  partner.  .  .  .  But  it  is  not  pro 
bable  that  their  departments  were  so  divided.  Still,  however,  the 
scanty  lights  that  enable  us  to  guess  at  what  they  respectively 
wrote  seem  to  warrant  that  distinction  in  the  cast  of  their  genius 
which  is  made  in  the  poet's  allusion  to 

'  Fletcher's  keen  treble,  and  deep  Beaumont's  bass.' " 

G-impbett's  Essay  on  English  Poetry. 

•  That  Fletcher  was  not  entirely  excluded  from  a  share  in  the 
conduct  of  the  drama,  may  be  gathered  from  a  story  related  by 
Winstanley,  that  our  two  bards  having  concerted  the  rough  draught 
of  a  tragedy  over  a  bottle  of  wine  at  a  tavern,  Fletcher  said  he 
would  undertake  '  to  kill  the  king,'  which  words  being  caught  by 
the  waiter,  who  had  not  overheard  the  context  of  their  conversa 
tion,  he  lodged  an  information  of  treason  against  them.  But  on 
their  explanation  that  it  only  meant  the  compassing  the  death  of 
a  theatrical  monarch,  and  their  loyalty  moreover  being  unques 
tioned,  the  affair  ended  in  a  jest." 

We  should  not  omit  to  quote  the  opinion  of  that  very 
competent  critic,  Sir  Walter  Scott : 

"  Beaumont  and  Fletcher  have  still  a  high  poetical  value.  If 
character  be  sometimes  violated,  probability  discarded,  and  the 
interest  of  the  plot  neglected,  the  reader  is,  on  the  other  hand, 
often  gratified  by  the  most  beautiful  description,  the  most  tender 
and  passionate  dialogue,  a  display  of  brilliant  wit  and  gaiety,  or  a 
feast  of  comic  humour.  These  attributes  had  so  much  effect  on 
the  public,  that,  during  the  end  of  the  17th  and  the  beginning  of 
the  18th  centuries,  many  of  Beaumont  and  Fletcher's  plays  bad 
possession  of  the  stage,  while  those  of  Shakspeare  were  laid  upon 
the  shelf." — Article  "Drama,"  Encyc.  Brit. 

We  refer  the  reader  to  Schlegel's  review  of  our  authors; 
a  short  extract  must  suffice  here : 

"  Beaumont  and  Fletcher  were  in  fact  men  of  the  most  distin 
guished  talents ;  they  scarcely  wanted  any  thing  more  than  a  pro- 
founder  seriousness  of  mind,  and  that  artistic  sagacity  which  every 
where  observes  a  due  measure,  to  rank  beside  the  greatest  dramatic 
poets  of  all  nations.  They  possessed  extraordinary  fecundity  and 
flexibility  of  mind,  and  a  facility  which,  however,  too  often  degene 
rated  into  carelessness.  The  highest  perfection  they  have  hardly 
ever  attained ;  and  I  should  have  little  hesitation  in  affirming  that 
they  had  not  even  an  idea  of  it:  however,  on  several  occasions 
they  have  approached  quite  close  to  it.  And  why  was  it  denied  them 
to  take  this  last  step?  Because  with  them  poetry  was  not  an  in 
ward  devotion  of  the  feeling  and  imagination,  but  a  means  to 
obtain  brilliant  results.  Their  first  object  was  effect,  which  the 
great  artist  can  hardly  fail  of  attaining  if  he  is  determined  above 
all  things  to  satisfy  himself." — Dramatic  Literature. 

The  student  will  do  well  to  consult,  also,  the  classic  pages 
of  Mr.  Hall  am  : 

"  The  sentiments  and  style  of  Fletcher,  when  not  concealed  by 
obscurity,  or  corruption  of  the  text,  are  very  dramatic.  We  cannot 
deny  that  the  depths  of  Shakspeare's  mind  were  often  unfathom 
able  by  an  audience ;  the  bow  was  drawn  by  a  matchless  hand,  but 
the  shaft  went  out  of  sight.  All  might  listen  to  Fletcher's  pleas 
ing,  though  not  profound  or  vigorous,  language;  his  thoughts  are 
noble,  and  tinged  with  the  ideality  of  romance,  his  metaphors  vi 
vid,  though  sometimes  too  forced ;  he  possesses  the  idiom  of  Eng 
lish  without  much  pedantry,  though  in  many  passages  he  strains 
it  beyond  common  use ;  his  versification,  though  studiously  inv.ru- 
lar,  is  often  rhythmical  and  sweet.  Yet  we  are  seldom  arrested  by 
striking  beauties ;  good  lines  occur  in  every  page,  fine  ones  but 
rarely;  we  lay  down  the  volume  with  a  sense  of  admiration  of 
what  we  have  read,  but  little  of  it  remains  distinctly  in  the  me 
mory.  Fletcher  is  not  much  quoted,  and  has  not  even  afforded 
copious  materials  to  those  who  cull  the  beauties  of  ancient  lore. 
In  variety  of  character  there  can  be  no  comparison  between  Fletcher 
and  Shakspeare." — Literary  History  of  Europe. 

Another  eminent  critic  is  of  opinion  that  Fletcher  mo 
delled  his  plays  upon  Shakspeare's  comedies  : 

"  It  was  these,  with  their  idealized  truth  of  character,  their  poetic 
beauty  of  imagery,  their  mixture  of  the  grave  with  the  playful  in 


BEA 

thought,  their  rapid  and  skilful  transitions  from  the  tragic  to  the 
comic  in  feeling;  it  was  these,  the  pictures  in  which  Shakspeare 
had  made  his  nearest  approach  to  portraying  actual  life,  and  not 
those  pieces  in  which  he  transports  the  imagination  into  his  own 
vast  and  awful  world  of  tragic  action,  and  suffering,  and  emotion 
—that  attracted  Fletcher's  fancy,  and  proved  congenial  to  his  cast 
of  feeling."— T.  B.  MACAULAT. 

">  Whatever  may  be  their  just  place  as  dramatists,  Beaumont  and 
Fletcher  were  better  poets  than  any  of  their  dramatic  contempora 
ries,  except  Shakspeare  himself.  They  mounted  higher -on  the 
wings  of  ideal  contemplation.  None  can  be  compared  to  them  for 
exuberance  and  grace  of  fancy,  none  for  their  delicacy  and  tender 
ness  of  feeling  in  passages  of  emotion." 

How  much  is  it  to  be  lamented  that  poets  of  such  rare 
endowments  should  have  debased  the  muse  to  the  shock 
ing  licentiousness  which  disfigures  passages  otherwise  of 
marvellous  beauty  !  Professor  Shaw  justly  remarks  : 

"Nor  is  it  much  palliation  to  consider  this  licentiousness  of 
speech  as  the  vice  of  the  times.  It  is  true  that  the  charge  of  in 
decency  may  be  safely  maintained  against  nearly  all  the  writers 
of  this  wonderful  period,  and  we  know  that  the  stage  has  a  pecu 
liar  tendency  to  fall  into  this  error :  but  Shakspeare  has  shown  us 
that  it  is  very  possible  to  avoid  this  species  of  pruriency,  and  to 
pourtray  the  "female  character  not  in  its  warmth  only  and  its  ten 
derness,  but  also  in  its  purity.  The  most  singular  thing  is,  that 
many  of  the  more  indelicate  scenes  and  much  of  the  coarsest  lan- 
guace  in  Beaumont  and  Fletcher  will  be  found  to  have  been  com 
posed  with  the  express  purpose  of  exhibiting  the  virtue  and  pu- 


BEA 


is  the  Britannia's  Pastorals  of  Browne.    In  other  respects  it  has 
no  pretensions  to  a  high  rank." — Hattam's  Literary  History. 

"  Bosworth  Field  may  be  compared  with  Addison's  Campaign, 
„  ithout  a  high  compliment  to  either.  Sir  John  has  no  fancy,  but 
there  is  force  and  dignity  in  some  of  his  passages."— CAMPBELL. 

"  His  poems  are  written  with  much  spirit,  elegance,  and  har 
mony." — WORDSWORTH. 

"  Thy  care  for  that,  which  was  not  worth  thy  breath, 
Brought  on  too  soon  thy  much-lamented  death. 
But  Heav'n  was  kind,  and  would  not  let  thee  see 
The  plagues  that  must  upon  this  nation  be, 
By  whom  the  Muses  have  neglected  been, 
Which  shall  add  weight  and  measure  to  their  sin." 

Drayton  to  Beaumont. 

Beaumont,  John.  Con.  to  Phil.  Trans.,  1676,  '81,  '84. 
Beaumont,  John,  Jr.,  among  other  works,  1693- 
1724,  wrote  a  work  to  prove  the  existence  of  witches  and 
apparitions;  Treatise  of  Spirits,  <fcc.,  Lon.,  1705,  8vo. 

Beaumont,  Joseph,  D.D.,  1615-1699,  a  descendant 
of  the  ancient  family  of  the  name  in  Leicestershire,  was 
entered  at  Peterhouse,  Cambridge,  at  the  age  of  16.  He 
was  elected  Fellow  and  tutor,  but  was  ejected  in  1643. 
In  1663  he  became  master  of  his  college.  He  attacked 
Dr.  Henry  More's  work,  The  Mystery  of  Godliness,  pub. 
in  1665,  and  for  his  zeal  received  the  thanks  of  the  uni 
versity,  which  elected  him  Professor  of  Divinity.  His 
Poems  in  English  and  Latin  were  pub.  in  1749,  4to,  with 


rity  of  their  heroines." — Outlines  of  Eng.  Literature. 

"There  may  be  quoted  from  them  many  short  passages,  and  | —  a  .    .  ,-,    . 

some  entire  scenes,  as  delightful  as  any  thing  in  the  range  of  poe-  j  an  Appendix  containing  comments  on  the  Epistle  to  the 


try ;  sometimes  pleasing  by  their  rich  imagery,  sometimes  by  their 
profound  pathos,  and  not  unfrequently,  by  their  elevation  and 
purity  of  thought  and  feeling.  But  there  are  very  few  of  the  plays 
whose  stories  can  be  wholly  told  without  offence;  and  there  is  none 
that  should  be  read  entirely  by  a  young  person."— Spalding's  Hist. 


Colossians. 

"  His  Latin  Poems,  although  perhaps  superior  in  style,  are  yet 
below  the  purity  of  the  Augustan  age." 

His  principal  work  was  Psyche,  or  Love's  Mystery,  in 
24  cantos,  displaying  the  Intercourse  between  Christ  and 

.1 ri i          mui,,   «  „«  'Urt,™     tn.    J^\     A  i  .1.1 1      1  i\A  *7     -fin  laTiorl   VmfVvrft 


This  unhappy  mingling  of  nobility  of  style  and  eleva-     tne  gOul.     This  was  begun  in  April,  1647,  finished  before 
>n  of  sentiment  with  vulgarity  of  incident  and  obscenity  |  the  end  of  "      '     "         '       1    '      ^ 


March,  1648,  and  pub.  in  the  same  year,  folio, 

of  language — this  unsightly  admixture  of  the  "  fine  gold  !  This  poem  was  once  very  popular,  but  has  been  long  ne- 
of  the  head"  with  the  "  clay  of  the  feet,"  to  borrow  a  simile     glected.     Pope  is  reported  to  have  said  of  it, 
from  the  inspired  vision  of  the  prophet  of  the  Captivity,  ! 
will  ever  be  regretted  by  all  who  desire  that  literature 
should  be  the  hand-maid  of  morality,  and  intellectual  re 
finement  the  coadjutor  of  religious  truth. 

We  close  our  sketch  of  these  great  dramatists  with  the 
beautiful  comparison  of  Mr.  Campbell : 

"  There  are  such  extremes  of  grossness  and  magnificence  in  their 
dramas,  so  much  sweetness  and  beauty  interspersed  with  views 
of  nature  either  falsely  romantic  or  vulgar  beyond  reality ;  there  is 


There  are  in  it  a  great  many  flowers  well  worth  gathering,  and 
a  man  who  has  the  art  of  stealing  wisely  will  find  his  account  in 
reading  it." 

"  The  number  of  lines  it  contains  is  38,922,  being  considerably 
longer  than  the  Fairie  Queene,  nearly  four  times  the  length  of 
Paradise  Lost,  or  Henry  More's  Poem,  five  or  six  times  as  long  as 
the  Excursion,  and  reducing  the  versified  novels  of  modern  times 
to  utter  insignificance."  See  Ketrosp.  Review  xi.  288-307 ;  xii. 
229-48 ;  where  are  copious  extracts. 

Beaumont,  J.  T.  B.     Political  Works,  Ac.,  1803-08. 

so  much  to  animate  and  amuse  us.  and  yet  so  much  that  we  would  j       Beaumont,  Joseph.     Mathemat.  Sleaving  Tables, 
willingly  overlook,  that  I  cannot  help  comparing  the  contrasted     -~.   ,  ,     1 71 9    gyo 

Love's  Missives  to  Virtue, 


impressions  which  they  make  to  those  which  we  receive  from  visit 
ing  some  great  and  ancient  city,  picturesquely  but  irregularly 
built,  glittering  with  spires,  and  surrounded  by  gardens,  but  ex 
hibiting  in  many  quarters  the  lanes  and  haunts  of  wretchedness. 
They  have  scenes  of  wealth  and  high  life,  which  remind  us  of 
courts  and  palaces  frequented  by  elegant  females  and  high-spirited 
gallants,  whilst  their  old  martial  characters,  with  Caractacus  in  the 
midst  of  them,  may  inspire  us  with  the  same  sort  of  regard  which 
we  pay  to  the  rough-hewn  magnificence  of  an  ancient  fortress." 

Beaumont,  Francis  William  C.  E.,  b.  1814. 
Improvement  of  Dublin  Bay,  1840.  Tracts  on  Common 
Road  Locomotives. 

Beaumont,  G.  The  Law  of  Life  and  Fire  Insurance, 
2d  ed.,  Lon.,  1846.  Copyhold  Tenure,  Lon.,  1835. 

Beaumont,  G.  D.  B.  Code  of  Real  Property.  Lon., 
1827,  8vo. 

Beaumont,  Sir  Harry,  a  name  assumed  by  Joseph 
Spence.  See  post. 

Beaumont,  J.  A.  Sermon,  Acts  vi.  7 ;  More  Bishops, 
more  Priests,  more  Deacons.  How  to  Increase  the  Effi 
ciency  of  the  Church.  [Visitation.]  8vo,  Leeds.,  1846. 

Beaumont,  J.  F.  A.  Travels  and  other  Works, 
1792-1805. 

Beaumont,  Sir  John,  1582-1628,  was  the  second 
son  of  Judge  Francis  Beaumont,  and  an  elder  brother  of 
Francis,  the  celebrated  dramatic  poet.  He  was  entered  a 
gentleman  commoner  of  Broadgates'  Hall,  (now  Pembroke 
College,)  Oxford,  in  1596.  After  some  attention  to  the 
study  of  the  law,  he  retired  to  the  family  seat  at  Grace- 
Dieu,  Leicestershire. 

Anth.  Wood  ascribes  to  him  The  Crown  of  Thorns,  a 
poem  in  8  books,  never  printed.  His  son  gave  his  father's 
writings  to  the  world,  under  the  title  of  Bosworth  Field, 
with  a  Taste  of  the  Variety  of  Other  Poems,  1629.  Pages 
181-2  are  missing  in  all  copies. 

"  The  chaste  complexion  of  the  whole  shows  that  to  genius  he 
added  virtue  and  delicacy." 

"  Bosworth  Field  certainly  contains  many  original  specimens  of 
the  heroic  style,  not  exceeded  by  any  of  his  contemporaries,  and 
the  imagery  is  frequently  just  and  striking.  The  lines  describing 
the  death  of  the  tyrant  may  be  submitted  with  confidence  to  the 
admirers  of  Shakspeare.  Among  his  lesser  poems,  a  few  sparklings 
of  invention  may  now  and  then  be  discovered,  and  his  transla 
tions  are,  in  general,  spirited  and  correct." 

"  The  commendation  of  improving  the  rhythm  of  the  couplet  is 
due  also  to  Sir  John  Beaumont,  author  of  a  short  poem  on  the 


Beaumont,  Robert. 

with  Essaies,  Lon.,  1660,  sm.  8vo. 

"The  letters  are  so  full  of  the  common-place  inflation  of  affected 
love-passion,  that  a  very  scanty  specimen  may  suffice.  .  .  .  The 
Essays  are  15  in  number;  they  are  full  of  trope  and  figure,  but 
frequently  with  much  force  of  application,  though  quaint  and 
sententious."  See  Restituta,  vol.  iii.  p.  278. 

Beaumont,  Wm.  Translations  from  the  French: — 
Zimmerman,  Lon.,  1792,  8vo.  Anacharsis  the  Younger, 
Lon.,  1796,  5  vols.  8vo.  The  Arabian  Nights  Entertain 
ments,  Lon.,  1811,  4  vols.  12mo. 

Beaumont,  William,  M.D.,  surgeon,  U.  S.  Navy, 
1796-1853.  His  physiological  experiment  with  the  Cana 
dian,  St.  Martin,  won  him  a  wide  and  honourable  name  in 
his  profession.  The  results  of  his  observations  were  pub. 
in  1833  and  1847,  and  extensively  republished  in  England 
and  on  the  Continent.  See  COMBE,  ANDREW,  M.D. 

Beavan,  Charles.     Ordines  Cancellariae,  Lon.,  1845. 

Reports  of  Cases  in  the  Rolls  Court,  17  vols.  8vo,  Lon., 

1840,  &G.   Orders  of  the  Court  of  Chancery,  1814-53, 12mo. 

Beavan,  Edwd.  Box-hill ;  a  descrip.  Poem,  1777, 4to. 

Beavan,  James.     Theolog.  Works,  Oxf.  and  Lon., 

1838-41. 

Beaver,  George.    Sermons,  1796-1800. 
Beaver,  John,    a    monk  of  Westminster  of  the  14th 
century.     1.  A  Chronicle  of  Britain.     2.  De  Rebus  Coeno- 
bii  Westmonasteriensis.     They  remain  in  MS. 

Beaver,  John,  a  monk  of  St.  Alban's,  wrote  some 
pieces,  which  remain  in  MS. 

Beaver,  John.  Roman  Military  Punishments,  Lon., 
1725,  4to,  with  plates ;  which,  being  by  Hogarth,  render 
the  book  of  great  value.  Sold,  large  paper,  with  addi 
tional  plates,  Steevens,  £13  5s. ;  with  head  pieces  and  du 
plicates,  Nassau,  £21 ;  Baker,  £21. 

Beaver,  Capt.  Philip,  R.N.  African  Memoranda, 
Lon.,  1805,  4to. 

"An  interesting, well-written  work,  and  of  which  every  page 
bears  internal  evidence  of  the  strictest  veracity." 

Beawes,  Wyndham.  Lex  Mercatoria;  or  a  com 
plete  code  of  Commercial  Law,  <fec.,  Lon.,  1750,  fol.j  6th 
ed.  by  Joseph  Chitty,  2  vols.,  Lon.,  1813,  4to.  In  part 
compiled  from  Savary's  Dictionnaire  de  Commerce,  and 
other  authorities. 


BEA 


BEG 


"  Perhaps  the  roost  comprehensive  and  useful  that  has  ever  been 
compiled." — CHITTY. 

"  This  is  a  much  superior  work  to  that  of  Malyn's.  It  contains 
a  full  and  very  valuable  collection  of  the  rules  and  usages  of  law 
on  the  subject  of  bills  of  exchange.  Beawes  is  frequently  cited 
in  our  books  as  an  authority  in  mercantile  customs." — CH  ANC.  KENT. 

Beazley,  Samuel,  1786-1851.  1.  Oxonians.  2. 
Roue.  Author  of  upwards  of  100  dramatic  pieces.  He  was 
the  architect  of  several  theatres  in  London. 

Becher,  Henry,  trans.  Two  Bookes  of  St.  Am 
brose,  1561. 

Becher,  Henry.     Sermon,  1728,  4to. 

Becher,  J.T.  The  Anti-Pauper  System,  Lon.,  1828,8vo. 

Beck,  Cave.  The  Universal  Character,  by  which  all 
Nations  may  understand  one  another's  Conceptions,  Lon., 
1657,  8vo. 

"  A  curious  work,  with  a  frontispiece,  containing,  as  it  is  sup 
posed,  a  portrait  of  the  author  under  the  figure  of  the  European." 
— LOWNDES. 

Beck,  Geo.,  1749-1812,  trans.  Anacreon,  parts  of 
Homer,  &c. 

Beck,  John  B.,  1794-1851.  Infant  Therapeutics,  N. 
York,  1849,  12mo. 

Beck,  Lewis  C.,  1790-1853,  b.  in  Schenectady,  N.  Y., 
October,  1790;  graduated  at  Union  College.  His  attain 
ments  in  the  Natural  Sciences  were  remarkable.  He  pub. 
works  on  Botany  and  Chemistry,  and  one  on  the  Mine 
ralogy  of  New  York.  For  many  years  he  was  the  Profes 
sor  of  Chemistry  and  the  Natural  Sciences  at  Rutgers 
College  in  New  Brunswick,  N.J.,  and  subsequently  Pro 
fessor  of  Chemistry  in  the  Albany  Medical  College. 

Beck,  T.  A.  History  and  Antiquities  of  Furness 
Abbey,  Lon.,  1844,  r.  4to  :  a  valuable  work. 

Beck,  Theodoric  Romeyn,  M.D.,  LL.I).,  1791- 
1855,  b.  at  Schenectady,  N.  York  j  graduated  at  Union 
College,  1807;  for  many  years  Prof.  Institutes  of  Medicine, 
Ac.  in  the  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  Western 
New  York.  In  connexion  with  his  brother,  John  B.  Beck, 
Elements  of  Medical  Jurisprudence;  7th  ed.,  brought  down 
to  the  present  time,  including  the  notes  of  Dr.  Dunlap  and 
Dr.  Darwell,  Lon.,  1842,  8vo ;  10th  ed.,  Albany,  1850, 
2  vols.;  1st  ed.,  1823.  At  the  close  of  vol.  ii.  is  a  list  of 
the  principal  works  upon  Medical  Jurisprudence. 

"  It  embraces  all  that  is  really  useful  either  to  the  physician  or 
lawyer."— 2  Law  Chron.  280 ;  Warren's  Law  Studies,  179 ;  2  Page,  42. 

T.  R.  Beck  has  also  pub.  1.  Botany  of  U.  States.  2.  Che 
mistry.  3.  Adulteration  of  Medicine. 

Beck,  Thos.    Three  Poetical  Works,  Lon.,  1795-1808. 

Beck,  William.  Dr.  Sacheverell's  Vindication, 
Lon.,  1709,  8vo. 

Becke,  Edmon.  A  Brefe  Confutation  of  the  most 
detestable  and  anabaptistical  opinion,  that  Christ  dyd  not 
take  hys  flesh  of  the  blessed  vyrgyn  Mary,  [in  metre,] 
Lon.,  by  John  Day,  1550,  4to.  Unnoticed  by  Herbert,  but 
in  Ritson's  Bibliographia  Poetica. 

Becket,  Andrew.  Shakespeare's  himself  again;  or 
the  Language  of  the  Poet  asserted :  comprised  in  a  series 
of  1600  notes  illustrative  of  the  more  difficult  passages  in 
his  plays,  2  vols.  in  1  8vo,  1815.  Other  works. 

Dramatic  Works,  edited  by  Dr.  Beattie,  2  vols.  p.  8vo. 

Becket,  J.,  M.D.     Professional  Treatise,  1765,  8vo. 

Becket,  J.  B.     Hydrostatic  Balance,  1775,  8vo. 

Becket,  Joseph.     Mensuration,  <fec.,  Lon.,  1804,  8vo. 

Becket,  N.     Trans.  Gerard's  Holie  Ministrie,  1598. 

Becket,  St.  Thomas  a,  Archbishop  of  Canterbury, 
b.  1117  or  1119,  d.  1170,  was  the  son  of  Gilbert,  a  Cru 
sader,  afterwards  a  merchant  of  London,  and  Matilda,  a 
Saracen  damsel,  who  is  said  to  have  fallen  in  love  with 
him  when  he  was  a  prisoner  to  her  father  in  Jerusalem. 
He  was  born  in  London,  cruelly  murdered,  and  buried  at 
Canterbury.  The  life  of  this  eminent  prelate  belongs  to 
political,  rather  than  to  literary,  history.  His  literary  re 
mains  consist  only  of  a  volume  of  letters,  435  in  number, 
which  passed  between  distinguished  men  in  Europe  rela 
tive  to  the  affairs  of  the  English  church.  To  this  volume, 
printed  1495,  and  at  Brussels  in  1682,  is  prefixed  the 
Quadrapartite  Life,  or  De  Vita  et  processu  S.  Thomse  Can- 
tuariensis  et  Martyris  super  Libertate  Ecclesiastica.  This 
Life  is  collected  out  of  four  historians,  who  were  contem 
porary  and  conversant  with  Becket,  viz.,  Herbert  de  Hos- 
Cham,  Johannes  Carnotensis,  Gulielmus  Canterburiensis 
and  Alanus  Teukesburiensis,  who  are  introduced  as  so 
many  relaters  of  facts  interchangeably.  The  only  writing 
attributed  to  Becket  besides  his  epistles,  is  a  Latin  hymn 
to  the  Virgin,  commencing  with  the  words  Gaude  flore 
virginali,  which  is  in  MS.  Some  letters  of  his,  besides 
those  published,  exist  among  the  Cottonian  MS. 

"  The  Latinity  of  the  Archbi&hop's  letters  is  plain,  flowing,  and 


perspicuous, — that  of  a  man  who  both  spoke  and  wrote  the  lan 
guage  freely;  and  they  display  a  warmth  of  feeling,  genuine  piety, 
and  highness  of  principle,  for  which  those  whose  ideas  of  Becket 
have  been  formed  from  popular  historians  will  not  give  him 
credit." 

See  Biog.  Brit ;  Chalmers's  Biog.  Diet. ;  Rose's  do. ; 
Wright's  Biog.  Brit.  Lit.;  Henry's  History  of  G.  Britain; 
Lyttleton's  History  of  Henry  II. ;  Berington's  do. 

Becket,  Thps.  Chirurgical  Remarks,  Lon.,  1709, 8vo. 

Becket,  William.  Trans.  Calvin  upon  Philipp.. 
Lon.,  1584,  4to. 

Becket,  William,  1684-1738,  an  eminent  surgeon, 
born  at  Abingdon  in  Berkshire,  was  author  of  several 
profess,  works.  Cure  of  Cancers,  Lon.,  1711,  8vo.  In 
quiry  relative  to  the  King's  Evil,  1722,  8vo.  A  number 
of  pieces  relative  to  the  Plague,  pub.  anon,  in  1722.  Chi 
rurgical  Observations,  Lon.,  1740,  8vo.  A  Collection  of 
Chirurgical  Tracts,  Lon.,  1740,  8vo.  He  also  composed  a 
brief  account  of  the  History  and  Antiquities  of  Berkshire. 

Becket,  William  a.  Universal  Biography  ;  includ 
ing  scriptural,  classical,  and  mythological  Memoirs;  to 
gether  with  Accounts  of  many  eminent  living  Characters. 
Illustrated  with  portraits,  3  vols.,  Lon.,  1840,  8vo. 

Becket,  Gilbert  Abbott  a,  1810-1856,  a  noted 
humourist,  born  in  London.  In  1825,  eight  of  his  dra 
matic  productions  were  published  in  Duncomb's  British 
Theatre.  In  1828,  '29,  nine  more  appeared  in  Cumber 
land's  British  Theatre;  and,  in  1837,  four  others  were  pub 
lished  in  Webster's  Acting  Drama.  Small  Debts  Act,  1845. 
Comic  Blackstone,  1844-46.  Comic  History  of  England, 
1848.  Comic  History  of  Rome,  1852.  Edit.  George  Cruik- 
shank's  Table  Book,  1845 ;  Quizziology  of  the  British 
Drama,  1846.  In  1830,  he  started  Figaro  in  London,  which 
was  the  precursor  of  Punch;  and  to  the  latter  journal  he 
was  a  constant  and  prominent  contributor.  He  also  wrote 
for  the  Times,  <fec. 

"  The  author  is  one  of  the  wittiest  writers  of  the  day.  Few 
could  have  travestied  so  well  the  real  Blackstone,  following  it  lite 
rally  step  by  step." 

Beckford,  Peter,  was  a  relative  of  the  celebrated 
William  Beckford.  He  was  an  enthusiast  on  the  subject 
of  hunting,  and  gave  his  experience  to  the  world  in  his 
Thoughts  on  Hunting,  in  a  series  of  Letters,  1781,  4to. 
Essays  on  Hunting ;  containing  a  philosophical  Inquiry 
into  the  Nature  and  Properties  of  Scent :  on  different  Kinds 
of  Hounds,  Hares,  <fcc.,  with  an  Introduction,  describing  the 
Method  of  Hare-hunting  among  the  Greeks,  Lon.,  1781, 8vo. 

"  Never  had  fox  or  hare  the  honour  of  being  chased  to  death  by 
so  accomplished  a  hunter,  from  the  time  of  Nimrod  to  the  preseut 
day;  never  was  a  huntsman's  dinner  graced  with  such  urbanity 
and  wit ;  and  never  did  the  red  wine  of  Oporto  confuse  the  intel 
lect  of  so  politic  a  sportsman.  He  would  bag  a  fox  in  Greek,  find 
a  hare  in  Latin,  inspect  his  kennels  in  Italian,  and  direct  the  eco 
nomy  of  the  stable  in  exquisite  1'rench."  See  this  amusing  re 
view,  with  copious  extracts,  in  the  Retrosp.  Review,  xiii.  '2:50-47. 

Beckford,  William.  Negroes  in  Jamaica,  1788,  8vo. 
Account  of  Jamaica,  1790,  2  vols.  8vo.  History  of  France, 
Lon.,  1 794, 4  vols.  8vo.  The  ancient  part  by  W.  Beckford  ; 
the  modern  part  by  an  English  gentleman,  for  some  time 
resident  in  Paris. 

"  Mr.  Beckford  and  his  associate  have  presumed  that  there  is  still 
room  for  another  history  of  that  nation.  The  work  which  their 
joint  labours  have  produced  is,  however,  by  no  means  either  a  com 
plete  or  a  uniform  history." — Lon.  M/mthly  Review. 

Beckford,  William,  1760-1844,  was  the  son  of  the 
well-known  Alderman  Beckford,  Lord-mayor  of  London, 
celebrated  for  having  bearded  King  George  III.  on  his 
throne,  on  the  occasion  of  presenting  a  petition  and  re 
monstrance  to  his  majesty.  His  son  succeeded  at  the  age 
of  10  years  to  a  fortune  of  upwards  of  £100,000  per  an 
num,  consisting  in  part  of  the  estate  at  Fonthill,  and  a 
large  property  in  the  West  Indies.  Young  Beckford  had 
the  advantage  of  the  watchful  care  of  his  sponsor,  his 
father's  friend,  the  great  Earl  of  Chatham.  The  proprie 
tor  of  Fonthill  determined  to  erect  a  splendid  superstruc 
ture  which  should  embody  his  conceptions  of  architectural 
beauty.  In  this  design  and  other  fancies  he  expended  in 
sixteen  years  the  enormous  sum  of  £273,000.  One  tower 
employed  460  men  both  by  day  and  by  night  through  an 
entire  winter,  the  torches  used  by  "the  nocturnal  workmen 
being  visible  to  the  astonished  travellers  at  miles  distant 
Fragility  was  a  necessary  consequence  of  such  "un tem 
pered"  haste;  and  a  gale  of  wind  brought  the  lofty  pile  to 
the  ground.  Mr.  Beckford  regretted  that  he  had  not  been 
present  when  so  grand  a  ruin  occurred ;  and  he  ordered  the 
erection  of  another  tower  of  276  feet:  this  also  fell  in  1825. 
Beckford  purchased  an  estate  at  Cintra,  that  "glorious 
Eden  of  the  South :"  here  he  built  himself  a  palace  for  a 
residence.  Lord  Byron  alludes  to  this  fairy-palace  and  its 
lord  in  Childe  Harold,  canto  i. 


BEG 


Had  the  philanthropic  spirit  of  Howard,  rather  than  the 
ignoble  idolatry  of  self,  animated  the  bosom  of  "  England's 
wealthiest  son,"  he  had  not  been  "  lone"  in  heart  amid  his 
regal  splendour.  The  happiness  then  diffused  by  him 
would  have  irradiated  his  own  path,  and  thousands  would 
have  arisen  to  call  him  blessed.  It  is  vain  for  that  man 
to  expect  peace  upon  earth  who  perverts  the  design  of  his 
creation'  by  "  living  to  himself!" 

Mr.  Beckford  possessed  a  very  valuable  collection  of 
pictures,  books,  and  curiosities;  his  knowledge  of  the  fine 
arts  and  general  accomplishments  were  of  the  highest 
order.  In  1822  Fonthill  was  thrown  open  to  strangers, 
preparatory  to  a  sale.  7,200  catalogues  were  disposed  of 
at  a  guinea  each.  It  was,  however,  sold  by  private  con 
tract  (some  books,  pictures,  <fcc.,  reserved  from  the  collec 
tion)  to  John  Farquhar,  Esq.,  for  £330,000.  In  the  follow 
ing  year  the  collection  was  sold  by  Mr.  Philips,  occupying 
37  days.  See  works  on  Fonthill  by  Britton,  Rutter,  Sto- 
rer,  <fcc.  ;  Historical  Notices  of  Fonthill  Abbey,  Wiltshire, 
by  Mr.  Nichols,  4to,  1836;  Gent.  Mag.  1844. 

In  1783  Mr.  Beckford  married  Lady  Margaret  Gordon, 
daughter  of  the  Earl  of  Aboyne,  who  died  in  1786,  leaving 
issue  two  daughters,  one  of  whom  married  Lieutenant-Ge 
neral  (then  Colonel)  James  Orde ;  and  the  other  married 
Alexander,  Duke  of  Hamilton,  Brandon,  and  Chatelherault. 
Mr.  Beckford  was  lineally  descended  from  the  blood  royal 
of  Scotland,  and  an  "extraordinary  accumulation  of  de 
scents  from  royal  and  illustrious  houses"  concentred  in  his 
person. 

We  may  now  consider  Mr.  Beckford  as  an  author,  and 
here,  in  his  own  line,  he  is  entitled  to  as  high  a  position 
as  he  might  have  justly  claimed  as  a  virtuoso.  At  the 
age  of  19  he  pub.  Biographical  Memoirs  of  Extraordinary 
Painters,  Lon.,  sm.  8vo,  1780,  a  work  satirizing  some  En 
glish  artists  under  feigned  names. 

"  This  volume  is  an  object  of  curiosity,  as  it  exhibits  the  germs 
of  some  of  the  finest  passages  in  the  subsequent  work  of  the  writer, 
—Vathek.  The  description  of  the  imaginary  hall  in  the  ark  of  Noah, 
in  the  tale  of  Andrew  Guelph,  and  Og  of  Basan,  possesses  much 
of  the  wild  sublimity  and  mysterious  interest  which  characterizes 
the  account  of  the  hall  of  Eblis ;  and  the  touches  of  playful  satire 
which  frequently  occur  to  relieve  the  sombre  character  of  the  nar 
rative,  in  some  parts  of  Vathek,  are  not  less  visible  in  these  Me 
moirs.  We  conceive  that  few  persons  can  read  these  fictitious 
biographies,  without  wishing  that  the  author  had  oftener  favoured 
the  world  with  his  lucubrations.  Industry  alone  seems  to  have 
been  wanting  to  have  raised  him  to  a  level  with  the  greatest  novel 
ists  of  the  age." 

"  They  are  a  series  of  sharp  and  brilliant  satires  on  the  Dutch 
and  Flemish  schools;  the  language  polished  and  pointed;  the 
sarcasm  at  once  deep  and  delicate;  a  performance  in  which  buoy 
ancy  of  juvenile  spirit  sets  off  the  results  of  already  extensive  ob 
servation,  and  the  judgments  of  a  refined  (though  far  too  fastidi 
ous  and  exclusive)  taste." — Lon.  Quarterly  Review. 

The  celebrated  romance  of  Vathek  was  published  in 
French  at  Lausanne  in  1787.  The  English  edition,  issued 
in  1786,  was  a  translation  not  made  by  the  author,-  nor 
by  his  consent.  Several  editions  in  English  have  been 
published.  So  admirable  was  the  French  original  for 
"  style  and  idiom,  that  it  was  considered  by  many  as  the 
work  of  a  Frenchman." 

Lord  Byron,  a  very  competent  judge  both  of  the  subject 
and  the  way  in  which  it  should  be  treated,  praises  Vathek 
in  the  highest  terms: 

"For  correctness  of  costume,  beauty  of  description,  and  power 
of  imagination,  this  most  Eastern  and  sublime  tale  surpasses  all 
European  imitations;  and  bears  such  marks  of  oriirinality  that 
those  who  have  visited  the  East  will  have  some  difficulty 'in  be 
lieving  it  to  be  more  than  a  translation.  ...  As  an  Eastern  tale 
even  Rasselas  must  bow  before  it :  his  Happy  Valley  will  not  bear 
a  comparison  with  the  Hall  of  Eblis." 

A  high  authority  thus  comments  upon  the  noble  critic 
and  his  subject : 

"  Vathek  is,  indeed,  without  reference  to  the  time  of  life  when 
the  author  penned  it,  a  very  remarkable  performance:  but  file 
most  of  the  works  of  the  great  poet  who  has  thus  eloquently  prateed 
it,  it  is  stained  with  some  poison-spots;  its  inspiration  is  too  often 
such  as  might  have  been  inhaled  in  the  Hall  of  Kblis.  Wedo  not 
allude  so  much  to  its  audacious  licentiousness,  as  to  the  diabofi- 
cal  levity  of  its  contempt  for  mankind.  The  boy-author  appears 
already  to  have  rubbed  all  the  bloom  off  his  heart;  and,  Fn  the 
midst  of  his  dazzling  genius,  one  trembles  to  think  that  a  strin- 
hng  of  years  so  tender  should  have  attained  the  cool  cynicism  of  a 
iMinht/r.  — Lon.  Quarterly  Review. 

"  Vathek.  the  finest  of  Oriental  romances,  as  Lalla  Rookh  is  the 
finest  of  Oriental  poems."— North's  Memoir  of  Beckford. 

In  1834,  after  lying  unpublished  (though  printed)  for 
icar  half  a  century,  appeared  Italy,  with  sketches  of  Spain 
I  Portugal,  in  a  Series  of  Letters  written  during  a  Resi 
dence  in  those  Countries,  Lon.,  2  vols.  8vo. 

C^t^Llate^o^^S^ff  ^  Stain- 
thoughts,  images,  and  expressions,  which  had  bee™  adopted Thy 
other  authors  whom  he  had  from  time  to  time  received  beneath 


BEG 

|  his  roof  and  indulged  with  a  perusal  of  his  secret  lucubrations. 
...  His  book  is  entirely  unlike  any  book  of  Travels  in  prose  that 
|  exists  in  any  European  language;  and  if  we  could  fancy  Lord  By 
ron  to  have  written  the  Harold  in  the  measure  of  Don  Juan,  and 
I  to  have  availed  himself  of  the  facilities  which  the  ottava  rima  af- 
|  fords  for  intermingling  high  poetry  with  merriment  of  all  sorts, 
i  and  especially  with  sarcastic  sketches  of  living  manners,  we  be 
lieve  the  result  would  have  been  a  work  more  nearly  akin  to  that 
now  before  us  than  any  other  in  the  library.  He  is  a  poet,  and  a 
great  one,  too,  though  we  know  not  that  he  ever  wrote  a  line  of 
verse.  His  raptures  amidst  the  sublime  scenery  of  mountains  and 
forests,  in  the  Tyrol,  especially,  and  in  Spain,  is  that  of  a  spirit  cast 
originally  in  one  of  Nature's  finest  moulds;  and  he  fixes  it  in  lan 
guage  which  can  scarcely  be  praised  beyond  its  deserts — simple, 
massive,  nervous,  apparently  little  laboured,  yet  revealing,  in  its 
effect,  the  perfection  of  art.  Some  immortal  passages  in  Gray's 
letters,  and  Byron's  diaries,  are  the  only  things,  in  our  tongue, 
that  seem  to  us  to  come  near  the  profound  melancholy,  blended 
with  a  picturesque  description  at  once  true  and  startling,  of  many 
of  these  extraordinary  pages.  Nor  is  his  sense  for  the  highest 
beauties  of  art  less  exquisite.  He  seems  to  us  to  describe  classical 
architecture,  and  the. pictures  of  the  great  Italian  schools,  with  a 
most  passionate  feeling  of  the  grand,  and  with  an  inimitable  grace 
of  expression.  On  the  other  hand,  he  betrays,  in  a  thousand 
places,  a  settled  voluptuousness  of  temperament,  and  a  capricious 
recklessness  of  self  indulgence,  which  will  lead  the  world  to  iden 
tify  him  henceforth  with  his  Vathek  as  inextricably  as  it  has  long 
since  connected  Harold  with  the  poet  that  drew  him.  .  .  .  We  risk 
nothing  in  predicting  that  Mr.  Beckford's  Travels  will  henceforth 
be  classed  among  the  most  elegant  productions  of  modern  litera 
ture:  they  will  be  forthwith  translated  into  every  language  on  the 
Continent — and  will  keep  his  name  alive,  centuries  after  all  the 
brass  and  marble  he  ever  piled  together  have  ceased  to  vibrate 
with  the  echoes  of  Modenhas." — Lon.  Quarterly  Revieiv,  li.  426. 

Another  authority  of  great  reputation,  which  has  guillo 
tined  as  many  unhappy  authors  in  a  lustre  or  two  past  as 
did  the  Edinburgh  Review  in  the  first  twenty  years  of  its 
"  destructive  ravages,"  thus  commends  the  book  under  our 
notice : 

"  A  work  rich  in  scenes  of  beauty  and  of  life.  It  is  a  prose  poem. 
The  writer  was  a  young  enthusiast,  with  a  passionate  love  of  the 
ideal  and  the  spiritual,  whether  in  art  or  nature :  travelling  had 
little  to  do  with  the  work  but  to  call  forth  feeling;  in  proof,  it  was 
written  fifty  years  ago,  yet,  though  the  road  has  since  been  tra 
velled  by  others  to  utter  weariness,  it  is  as  fresh  and  delightful  as 
if  the  ink  were  not  dry  with  which  it  was  written.  There  are 
scenes  in  these  volumes  not  to  be  excelled  in  modern  poetry;  pic 
tures  where  words  are  as  rich  in  colour  and  in  beauty  as  the  pen 
cil  of  Turner:  the  rest  is  but  the  connecting  link  which  holds 
them  together.  We  are  not  sure  that  all  will  agree  in  this  judg 
ment;  but  the  work  will  assuredly  'fit  audience  find,'  and  take 
a  permanent  rank  in  our  libraries.  ...  In  the  account  of  Portu 
gal  there  is  everywhere  the  same  vivid  picturing,  the  same  rich 
colouring,  the  same  passion  and  power;  but  instead  of  scenes  from 
inanimate  nature,  we  have  them  from  life.  .  .  .  Our  extracts,  with 
the  exception  of  those  relating  to  Venice,  have  been  taken  almost 
at  random,  so  rich  is  the  work  in  scenes  of  beauty  and  of  life."— 
London  Athenaum,  1834. 

Mr.  Beckford  has  connected  his  name  still  more  closely 
with  Portugal,  by  his  Recollections  of  an  Excursion  to  the 
Monasteries  of  Alcobaca  and  Batalha,  published  in  1835. 
The  excursion  was  made  in  June,  1794,  at  the  desire  of  the 
Prince  Regent  of  Portugal. 

m  "The  monastery  Alcobaca  was  the  grandest  ecclesiastical  edifice 
in  that  country,  with  paintings,  antique  tombs,  and  fountains; 
the  noblest  architecture,  in  the  finest  situation,  and  inhabited  by 
monks  who  lived  like  princes.  The  whole  of  these  sketches  are 
interesting,  and  present  a  gorgeous  picture  of  ecclesiastical  pomp 
and  wealth."— Lon.  Gent.  Mag. 

The  travellers  were  "  conducted  to  the  kitchen  by  the 
abbot,  in  his  costume  of  High  Almoner  of  Portugal,  that 
they  might  see  what  preparations  had  been  made  to  re 
gale  them." 

"  Through  the  centre  of  the  immense  and  nobly-groined  hall, 
not  less  than  sixty  feet  in  diameter,  ran  a  brisk  rivulet  of  the 
clearest  water,  containing  every  sort  and  size  of  the  finest  river 
fish.  On  one  side,  loads  of  game  and  venison  were  heaped  up 
On  the  other,  vegetables  and  fruits,  in  endless  variety.  Beyond 
a  long  line  of  stoves,  extended  a  row  of  ovens,  and  close  to  them 
hillocks  of  wheaten  flour  whiter  than  snow,  rocks  of  su°-ar  iars  of 
the  purest  oil,  and  pastry  in  vast  abundance,  which  a  "numerous 
tribe  of  lay  brothers  and  their  attendants  were  rolling  out,  and 
p  v,"£  U,P  lnt?  a  hundred  different  shapes,  singing  all  the  while 
as  blithely  as  larks  in  a  corn  field." 

This  magnificent  monastery  was  plundered  and  given  to 
the  flames  by  the  French  troops  under  Massena,  in  1811 : 
—One  of  the  many  sacrifices  to  the  boundless  ambition  of 
one  of  the  smallest  and  greatest  men  who  has  ever  dis- 

§  raced  the  annals  of  humanity  — Napoleon  Bonaparte! 
mall  in  his  narrow-minded  selfishness,  great  in  an  intel 
lect  perverted  to  the  worst  purposes,  and  ever  memorable 
as  one  of  the  most  remorseless  and  unscrupulous  wretches 
who  ever  trod  the  earth  for  the  punishment  of  the  nations. 
We  have  only  room  for  one  opinion  upon  the  Recollec 
tions  : 

"  Pleasing  and  picturesque  as  the  clime  and  places  visited,  this 
is  just  a  book  for  the  indulgence  of  the  dolce  far  niente ;  and  our 
readers  can  hardly  take  a  more  grateful  literary  companion  with 
them  to  the  couch  or  grove.  Again  we  have  to  express  the  plea 
sure  which  this  volume  has  afforded  us,  and  recommend  it  to  the 

153 


BEG 

favour  it  BO  richly  merits ;  for,  though  of  slight  texture,  it  is  a  very 
charming  production." — London  Literary  Gazette. 

See  Memoirs  of  Beckford,  Lon.,  1858,  2  vols.  p.  8vo,  and 
review  of  the  same,  Lon.  Athenaeum,  Dec.  11,  1858. 

Beckingham,  Charles,  1699-1730-1,  a  native  of 
London,  wrote  Scipio  Africanus,  Henry  IV.  of  France, 
(both,  tragedies,)  and  some  other  pieces.  He  also  trans, 
from  the  Latin  of  Rapin,  Christ's  Sufferings,  a  Poem.  His 
tragedies  were  represented  on  the  stage  before  he  had  com 
pleted  his  twentieth  year ;  they  were 

"Not  such  as  required  the  least  indulgence  or  allowance  on 
account  of  his  years,  but  such  as  bore  evidence  to  a  boldness  of 
sentiment,  an  accuracy  of  diction,  an  ingenuity  of  conduct,  and  a 
maturity  of  judgment,  which  would  have  done  honour  to  a  much 
more  ripened  age." — Biog.  Dramat. 

Beckington,  Bekynton,  or  De  Bekinton,  Tho 
mas,  d.  1464-65,  tutor  to  Henry  VI.,  Secretary  of  State, 
Keeper  of  the  Privy  Seal,  and  Bishop  of  Bath  and  Wells, 
was  born  in  the  parish  of  Beckington,  in  Somersetshire. 
He  wrote  a  book  on  the  Right  of  the  Kings  of  England  to 
the  Crown  of  France,  which  with  some  of  his  Tracts  is  in 
MS.  in  the  Cottonian  Library.  Some  of  his  letters  are 
preserved  in  the  library  at  Lambeth. 

In  1828  that  eminent  antiquary,  Sir  Nicholas  Harris  Ni 
colas,  pub.  the  Bishop's  Journal  during  his  Embassy  to 
negotiate  a  Marriage  between  Henry  VI.  and  a  daughter 
of  the  Count  Armagnac,  in  1442,  8vo. 

"  This  Journal  throws  considerable  light  on  an  event  of  import 
ance  in  the  history  both  of  this  country  and  of  France,  and  af 
fords  much  interesting  information  on  an  occurrence  which  has 
hitherto  been  very  briefly  noticed.  There  are  several  letters  of 
Henry  VI.,  with  copies  of  all  letters  sent  and  received  by  the  am 
bassadors  connected  with  their  missions." 

Beckwith,  John.  Con.  to  Trans.  Linn.  Soc.,  1794. 

Beckwith,  Josiah,  b.  1734,  an  intelligent  antiquary 
and  genealogist,  pub.  an  improved  edition  of  Blount's 
Fragmenta  Antiquitatis,  or  Ancient  Tenures  of  Land  and 
Jocular  Customs  of  some  Manors,  Lon.,  1784. 

" Few  persons  were  better  qualified  for  this  business;  and  Mr. 
Beckwith  has  enriched  this  edition  with  many  valuable  additions 
and  improvements.  ...  He  has  subjoined  many  notes  and  obser 
vations,  which  have  been  communicated  by  some  of  the  most  re 
spectable  antiquaries  of  the  present  day." — Lon.  Monthly  Review. 

Beckwith,  Thomas,  1731-1799,  brother  to  the  above, 
and  also  an  enthusiast  in  antiquarian  and  genealogical  re 
searches,  compiled  A  Walk  in  and  about  the  city  of  York, 
on  the  plan  of  Gostling's  Walk  in  and  about  the  city  of 
Canterbury.  Mr.  B.  never  pub.  any  thing,  but  made  ex 
tensive  collections  of  valuable  papers  on  his  favourite 
subjects,  which  are  now  in  the  Bodleian  Library,  the  library 
of  the  College  of  Arms,  and  other  depositories. 

Beckwith,  William.  A  Plan  to  prevent  all  Chari 
table  Donations  for  the  Benefit  of  Poor  Persons,  in  the 
several  Parishes  of  England  and  Wales,  from  loss,  misap 
plication,  embezzlement,  non-application,  fraud,  and  abuse, 
in  future,  Lon.,  1807,  8vo. 

A  Letter  to  Sir  S.  Romilly  rel.  to  Chancery  Proceedings, 
Lon.,  1810. 

Becon,  or  Beacon,  Thomas,  b.  about  1510,  d.  1570, 
a  zealous  Reformer,  was  a  native  of  Kent.  In  1560  he 
was  presented  to  the  rectory  of  Buckland  in  Hertfordshire, 
and  three  years  later  to  a  church  in  London.  He  had  a 
prebendal  stall  at  Canterbury.  He  wrote  many  works, 
principally  short  tracts  in  defence  of  the  doctrines  of  the 
Reformation.  His  Worckes  diligently  perused,  corrected 
and  amended,  were  pub.  in  a  folio  vol.  in  1563-64,  by 
John  Day.  Only  a  portion  of  his  works  is  included  in 
this  volume.  His  publications  bear  dates  1541-77.  Many 
appeared  under  the  assumed  name  of  Theodore  Basil. 
For  a  list  of  his  many  productions,  see  Watt's  Bib.  Brit. 
The  Parker  Society  pub.  Camb.,  1843,  his  Early  Works  ; 
being  the  treatises  published  by  him  in  the  reign  of 
King  Henry  VIII.;  in  1844  his  Prayers  and  other 
pieces ;  both  of  these  books  were  edited  by  the  Rev.  John 
Ayre,  M.A. 

"  Becon  is  an  excellent  writer,  and  the  most  voluminous  after 

FOXe." — BlCKERSTETH. 

See  Tanner;  Strype's  Parker. 

Beconsall,  Thos.  1.  Sermon.  2.  Natural  Religion, 
1697-98. 

Beda,  or  Bede,  672-735.  No  name  is  more  illustri 
ous  in  the  history  of  literature  and  science  during  the 
Middle  Ages  than  that  of  the  "  venerable"  Bede ;  and  we 
may  add  that  in  proportion  to  his  celebrity  there  are  not 
many  writers  of  whose  personal  history  we  possess  so  few 
details.  His  studious  and  contemplative  life  probably  of 
fered  few  remarkable  incidents  to  arrest  the  pen  of  the 
biographer  or  historian ;  and  to  his  contemporaries,  as  well 
as  to  after  ages,  (with  the  exception  perhaps  of  the  monas 
tic  congregation  in  which  he  resided,)  he  lived  chiefly  by 


BED 

!  his  works.      The  only  accurate  information  relating  to 
i  Bede's  life  (with  the  exception  of  Cuthbert's  account  of 
his  last  moments)  is  given  by  Bede  himself,  at  the  end  of 
his  Ecclesiastical  History.   All  the  other  biographies,  which 
are  of  little  or  no  importance,  are  founded  upon  what  he 
there  states.     Smith  has  inserted  in  his  edition  of  Bede's 
historical  works,  an  anonymous  life  written  apparently  in 
the  llth  century.     Mabillon  has  given  another  life,  written 
after  the  beginning  of  the  12th  century,  and  other  anony 
mous  lives  are  inserted  in  the  Acta  Sanctorum  and  in  Cap- 
grave.     Notices  more  or  less  detailed  are  found  in  Simeon 
i  of  Durham,  William  of  Malmsbury,  and  other  historians. 
Baronius  and  Mabillon  have  collected  together  most  of  the 
materials  relating  to  the  life  of  this  great  Anglo-Saxon 
writer.     More  recently,  memoirs  have  been  published  by 
Mr.  Stevenson,  in  his  edition  of  the  Ecclesiastical  History, 
and  by  Henry  Gehle,  in  a  separate  work,  entitled  Dispu- 
tatio  Historico-Theologica  de  Bedae  Venerabilis,  Presby- 
1  teri  Anglo-Saxonis,  Vita  et  Scriptis,  8vo,  Lug.  Bat.,  1838. 
The  name  in  Anglo-Saxon  was  Beda;  as  in  all  words 
of  this  form,  and  names  that  have  continued  through  many 
ages  to  be  in  people's  mouths,  the  Anglo-Saxon  termina 
tion  a  became  softened  into  the  later  English  dumb  e.    The 
i  form  Bede  has  been  continued,  because  it  is  not  incorrect, 
and  because  it  is  the  most  popular. 

Bede  was  born  in  672  or  673,  near  the  place  where  Be 
nedict  Biscop  soon  afterwards  founded  the  religious  house 
of  Wearmouth,  perhaps  in  the  parish  which  is  now  called 
Monkton,  and  which  appears  to  have  been  one  of  the  ear 
liest  endowments  of  the  monastery.     As  soon  as  he  had 
reached  his  seventh  year,  Bede  was  sent  to  Wearmouth  to 
profit  by  the  teaching  of  Biscop,  from  which  period  to  his 
death  he  continued  to  be  an  inmate  of  that  monastery. 
After  the  death  of  Benedict  Biscop,  Bede  pursued  his  stu 
dies  under  his  successor  Ceolfrid,  and  at  the  age  of  nine 
teen,  about  A.B.  692,  was  admitted  to  deacon's  orders  by 
John  of  Beverley,  then  newly  restored  to  his  see  of  Hex- 
|  ham ;  and  in  his  thirtieth  year  (702  or  703)  he  was  or- 
i  dained  to  the  priesthood  by  the  same  prelate.     The  early 
age  at  which  Bede  received  holy  orders  shows  that  he  was 
I  then  already  distinguishing  himself  by  his  learning  and 
!  piety ;  and  there  can  be  little  doubt  that  his  fame  was 
!  widely  spread  before  the  commencement  of  the  8th  cen- 
i  tury.     At  that  period,  according  to  the  account  which  has 
been  generally  received,  Bede  was  invited  to  Rome  by 
Pope  Sergius  I.,  to  advise  with  that  pontiff  on  some  diffi 
cult  points  of  church  discipline.     The  authority  for  this 
circumstance  is  a  letter  of  the  pope  to  Ceolfrid,  expressing 
his  wish  to  see  Bede  at  Rome,  which  has  been  inserted  by 
William  of  Malmsbury  in  his  History  of  England.     It 
seems,  however,  nearly  certain  that  Bede  did  not  go  to 
Rome  on  this  occasion;  and  reasons  have  been  stated  for 
supposing  the  whole  story,  as  far  as  Bede  was  concerned 
in  it,  to  be  a  misrepresentation. 

The  remainder  of  Bede's  life  appears  to  have  passed  away 
in  the  tranquillity  of  study  and  in  pious  exercises.  He 
never  separated  himself  from  the  monastery  in  which  he 
had  been  educated,  but  composed  within  its  walls  the  nu 
merous  books  which  have  thrown  so  much  lustre  on  his 
name.  The  larger  portion  of  these  works  was  probably 
written  during  the  fifteen  years  preceding  731.  His  smaller 
treatise  De  Temporibus  is  supposed  to  have  been  composed 
about  701  or  702,  and  the  book  De  Natura  Reruni  perhaps 
about  the  same  time.  Bede  had  finished  the  three  books 
of  his  Commentary  on  Samuel  just  before  the  death  of 
Ceolfrid,  i.  e.  in  716.  The  treatise  De  Tcrnporum  Ratione 
was  composed  in  726 ;  the  lives  of  the  first  Abbots  of  Wear- 
mouth  and  Yarrow  were  published  about  716,  or  soon  after; 
and  in  731  was  completed  his  most  important  work,  the 
Ecclesiastical  History  of  the  Anglo-Saxons. 

A  narrative  of  Bede's  last  hours  was  written  by  his  dis 
ciple  Cuthbert,  and  is  still  preserved.  From  this  account 
it  appears  that  the  last  works  on  which  he  employed  his 
pen  were  a  translation  of  the  Gospel  of  St.  John  into  An 
glo-Saxon,  and  a  collection  of  extracts  from  one  of  the 
works  of  Isidore.  At  the  commencement  of  the  month  of 
April,  735,  he  was  seized  with  a  shortness  of  breathing, 
under  which  he  languished  till  the  26th  of  May,  suffering 
little  pain,  but  pining  away  under  the  effects  of  his  disease 
and  the  absence  of  sleep.  During  this  time  he  occupied 
himself  day  and  night  either  in  admonishing  his  disciples, 
or  in  prayer,  or  in  repeating  passages  from  the  Scriptures 
and  the  fathers  of  the  church,  interspersing  his  observations 
from  time  to  time  with  pieces  of  religious  poetry  in  his 
native  tongue.  On  the  26th  of  May,  the  symptoms  became 
more  alarming,  and  it  was  evident  that  death  was  near  at 
hand.  During  that  day,  he  continued  to  dictate  (probably 


BED 

the  translation  of  the  Gospel  of  St.  John)  to  one  of  the 
younger  members  of  the  community,  who  acted  as  his 
scribe ;  and  he  resumed  the  same  work  early  the  next 
morning,  which  was  the  Feast  of  the  Ascension,  or  Holy 
Thursday,  and  he  told  his  disciples  to  write  diligently. 
This  they  did  till  nine  o'clock,  when  they  retired  to  per 
form  some  of  the  religious  duties  peculiar  to  that  day.  One 
of  them  then  said  to  him,  "  Dearest  master,  one  chapter 
still  remains,  and  thou  canst  ill  bear  questioning."  But 
Bede  desired  him  to  proceed,  telling  him  to  "take  his  pen 
and  write  hastily."  At  the  hour  of  nones,  (twelve  o'clock,) 
Bede  directed  Cuthbert  to  fetch  from  his  closet  his  spices 
and  other  precious  articles,  which  he  shared  among  the 
presbyters  of  the  house,  and  begged  that  they  would  say 
masses  and  prayers  for  him  after  his  death.  He  passed 
the  remainder  of  the  day  in  prayer  and  conversation,  amid 
the  tears  of  his  companions,  till  evening,  when  his  scribe 
again  interrupted  him,  telling  him  that  only  one  sentence 
of  his  work  remained  unfinished.  Bede  told  him  to  write, 
and  he  dictated  a  few  words,  when  the  youth  exclaimed, 
"It  is  now  done!"  "Thou  hast  said  right,"  answered 
Bede,  "  it  is  done !"  "  Support  my  head  with  thy  hands,  for 
I  desire  to  sit  in  my  holy  place  where  I  am  accustomed  to 
pray,  that  sitting  there  I  may  call  upon  my  Father."  And 
thus  on  the  floor  of  his  closet,  chaunting  the  Gloria  Patri, 
he  had  just  strength  to  proceed  to  the  end  of  the  phrase, 
and  died  with  the  last  words  (Spiritui  Sancto)  on  his  lips. 
The  date  of  Bede's  death  is  accurately  fixed  in  the  year 
735,  by  the  circumstance  that  in  that  year  the  Feast  of  the 
Ascension  fell  upon  the  27th  of  May.  He  was  buried  at 
Yarrow,  and,  according  to  William  of  Malmsbury,  the  fol 
lowing  epitaph  was  placed  on  his  tomb  : 

"  Presbyter  hie  Bede  requiescat  carne  sepultus. 

Dona,  Christe,  animam  in  coelis  gaudere  per  aevum; 

Daque  illi  sophiae  debriari  fonte,  cu'i  jam 

Suspiravit  ovans  iiitento  semper  amore." 

Bede  has  given  us,  at  the  conclusion  of  his  Ecclesiastical 
History,  the  following  list  of  the  works  which  he  had  com 
posed  previously  to  that  time,  (A.D.  731.)  1.  A  commen 
tary  on  Genesis,  as  far  as  the  twenty-first  chapter  inclusive. 
Part  of  this  work  will  be  found  in  the  editions  of  Bede's 
collected  works ;  the  rest  was  edited  by  Henry  Wharton, 
in  his  collection  of  Tracts  by  Bede.  2.  A  treatise  on  the 
tabernacle  and  its  vessels,  and  on  the  vestments  of  the 
priests,  in  three  books.  3.  A  commentary  on  the  first 
thirty-one  chapters  of  the  first  book  of  Samuel,  (usque  ad 
mortem  Saulis,)  in  three  books.  4.  The  treatise  de  aedifi- 
catione  Templi,  (an  allegorical  interpretation  of  the  temple 
of  Solomon,)  in  two  books.  5.  Detached  observations  on 
the  books  of  Samuel  and  Kings.  (In  Regium  librum  xxx. 
questiones.)  6.  A  commentary  on  the  Song  of  Solomon, 
in  seven  books.  7.  A  commentary  on  the  Proverbs  of 
Solomon,  in  three  books.  8.  Glosses  on  Isaiah,  Daniel, 
the  Twelve  Prophets,  and  part  of  Jeremiah,  extracted  from 
St.  Jerome.  9.  On  Ezra  and  Nehemiah,  in  three  books. 
10.  On  the  Song  of  Habacuc,  in  one  book.  11.  On  the 
book  of  Tobit,  (In  Librum  beati  patris  Tobiae,  explana- 
tiones  allegoricae  de  Christo  et  ecclesia,)  in  one  book. 
12.  Heads  of  readings,  (capitula  lectionum,)  on  the  Penta 
teuch  and  on  the  books  of  Joshua  and  Judges.  13.  A 
commentary  in  libros  Regum  et  Verba  dierum.  14.  A 
commentary  on  the  book  of  Job.  15.  On  the  Proverbs, 
Ecclesiastes,  and  the  Song  of  Solomon.  16.  On  Isaiah, 
Ezra,  and  Nehemiah.  17.  A  commentary  on  the  Gospel 
of  St.  Mark,  in  four  books.  18.  A  commentary  on  St. 
Luke,  in  six  books.  19.  Homilies  on  the  Gospel,  in  two 
books.  20.  A  compilation  from  St.  Augustine — In  Apos- 
tolum  quajcunque  in  opusculis  sancti  Augustini  exposita 
inveni,  cuncta  per  ordinem  transcribere  curavi.  21.  A 
commentary  on  the  Acts  of  the  Apostles,  in  two  books. 
22.  Commentaries  on  the  seven  Catholic  Epistles.  23.  A 
commentary  on  the  Apocalypse,  in  two  books.  24.  Heads 
of  readings  on  the  whole  of  the  New  Testament,  with  the 
exception  of  the  Gospels.  25.  A  book  of  Epistles  addressed 
to  various  persons.  These  Epistles  were  in  fact  tracts  ad 
dressed  to  his  friends  on  the  following  subjects :  On  the  six 
Ages  of  the  World,  (de  sex  aetatibus  sseculi ;)  on  the  Man 
sions  of  the  Children  of  Israel;  on  the  words  of  Isaiah, 
Et  claudentur  ibi  in  carcerem,  et  post  dies  multos  visita- 
buntur,  (Isa.  xxiv.  22;)  on  the  Bissextile;  on  the  Equinox, 
according  to  Anatolius.  The  second  and  third  of  these 
tracts  are  lost.  26.  The  life  of  St.  Felix,  compiled  in  prose 
from  the  metrical  life  by  Paulinus.  27.  A  corrected  edition 
of  the  Life  of  St.  Anastasius,  which  had  been  inaccurately 
translated  from  the  Greek.  (Librum  vitaj  et  passionis 
eancti  Anastasii,  male  de  Graeco  translatum,  et  pejus  a 
quodam  imperito  emendatum,  prout  potui,  ad  sensum  cor- 


BED 

rexi.)  28.  The  life  of  St.  Cuthbert,  written  first  in  verse, 
and  afterwards  in  prose.  29.  The  history  of  the  Abbots 
of  Wearmouth  and  Yarrow.  30.  The  Ecclesiastical  His 
tory.  31.  A  Martyrology.  32.  Hymns,  in  various  metres 
or  rhythms.  33.  A  book  of  Epigrams,  in  Latin  verse. 
34,  35.  The  books  De  Natura  Rerum  and  De  Temporibus. 
36.  A  larger  book  de  Temporibus.  37.  A  book  de  Ortho- 
graphia,  arranged  in  alphabetical  order.  38.  A  treatise 
on  Metres,  (de  Metrica  Arte,)  to  which  was  added  another, 
de  Schematibus  sive  Tropis. 

To  the  foregoing  list  may  be  added  a  few  books,  which 
are  of  undoubted  authenticity,  and  which,  with  one  excep 
tion,  were  written  subsequently  to  the  completion  of  the 
Ecclesiastical  History.  39.  The  Libellus  de  Situ  Urbis 
Hierusalem,  sive  de  Locis  Sanctis,  already  mentioned  as 
an  abridgment  from  the  older  work  of  Adamnan.  We 
know  that  this  tract  was  published  before  the  appearance 
of  the  Ecclesiastical  History,  in  which  it  is  mentioned,  and 
it  is  singular  that  it  should  be  omitted  in  Bede's  list. 
40.  In  his  old  age,  soon  after  the  completion  of  the  Eccle 
siastical  History,  Bede  wrote  (in  imitation  of  St.  Augustine) 
a  book  of  Retractationes,  in  which  with  characteristic  can 
dour  he  points  out  and  corrects  errors  admitted  into  the 
writings  of  his  earlier  years.  41.  The  Epistle  to  Albinus, 
edited  by  Mabillon,  and  written  soon  after  the  year  731. 
42.  The  Epistle  to  Archbishop  Egbert,  written  at  the  end 
of  the  year  734  or  in  the  beginning  of  735.  43,  44.  The 
Compilation  from  Isidore,  and  the  Anglo-Saxon  version  of 
St.  John,  which  occupied  Bede's  last  moments. 

It  will  be  seen  by  the  foregoing  list,  that  the  subjects 
of  the  writings  of  Bede  are  very  diversified.  They  are  the 
works  of  a  man  whose  life  was  spent  in  close  and  constant 
study, — industrious  compilations  rather  than  original  com 
positions,  but  exhibiting  profound  and  extensive  learning 
beyond  that  of  any  of  his  contemporaries.  He  was  not 
unacquainted  with  the  classic  authors  of  ancient  Rome ; 
and  his  commentaries  on  the  Scriptures  show  that  he  un 
derstood  the  Greek  and  Hebrew  languages.  His  works 
may  be  divided  into  four  classes,  his  theological  writings, 
his  scientific  treatises,  his  poetry  and  tracts  on  grammati 
cal  and  miscellaneous  subjects,  and  his  historical  books. 
1.  A  very  large  portion  of  Bede's  writings  consists  of  com 
mentaries  on  the  different  books  of  the  holy  Scriptures, 
exhibiting  great  store  of  information  and  acuteness  of  per 
ception,  but  too  much  characterized  by  the  great  blemish 
of  the  mediaeval  theology,  an  extravagant  attachment  to 
allegorical  interpretation.  2.  The  only  scientific  treatises 
of  which  we  can  with  certainty  regard  Bede  as  the  author, 
are  those  indicated  in  his  own  list  of  his  writings.  They 
are  still  preserved,  and,  though  no  better  than  compila 
tions  from  other  writers,  and  more  especially  from  Pliny 
the  elder,  they  exhibit  to  us  all  the  scientific  knowledge 
possessed  by  our  forefathers  until  a  much  later  period. 
The  tract  De  Natura  Rerum,  which  was  one  of  Bede's 
earliest  works,  and  the  Anglo-Saxon  abridged  translation 
made  in  the  tenth  century,  were  the  text-books  of  science 
in  England  until  the  twelfth  century.  3.  His  grammati 
cal  and  philological  writings  show  his  judgment  and  learn 
ing  in  a  very  favourable  point  of  view.  Hie  observations 
on  the  structure  and  characteristics  of  Latin  verse  are  dis 
tinguished  by  good  taste,  and  are  illustrated  by  examples 
selected  by  himself  from  the  best  of  the  classic,  as  well 
as  from  the  Christian,  Latin  poets.  He  sometimes  criti 
cizes  Donatus  and  the  older  grammarians.  Bede's  own 
metrical  compositions  are  a  proof  rather  of  his  industry 
I  than  of  his  genius;  they  are  constructed  according  to  the 
I  rules  of  art,  and  possess  a  certain  degree  of  correctness, 
j  but  are  spiritless.  4.  As  a  historian,  the  name  of  Bede 
will  ever  stand  high  in  the  list  of  our  national  writers. 
One  of  the  earliest  books  of  this  class  which  he  wrote,  was 
the  history  of  the  abbots  of  his  own  monastery,  published 
not  long  after  A.  D.  716.  He  composed  the  life  of  St. 
Cuthbert  at  the  request  of  Bishop  Eadfrith  and  the  monks 
of  Lindisfarne,  and  therefore  some  time  before  the  year 
I  721.  But  his  most  important  work  composed  in  his  more 
mature  age,  was  his  Ecclesiastical  History  of  the  Anglo- 
Saxons.  Upon  this  work,  which  was  undertaken  at  the 
request  of  two  ecclesiastics,  Albinus  and  Nothhelm,  he  ap 
pears  to  have  laboured  with  great  diligence  during  several 
years.  He  derived  little  assistance  from  previous  writers, 
for  the  books  he  quotes  are  few  and  unimportant ;  but  his 
own  reputation  at  this  period  of  his  life,  and  his  acquaint- 
I  ance  with  the  most  eminent  ecclesiastics  of  his  age,  placed 
i  within  his  reach  a  large  mass  of  valuable  original  mate 
rials.  For  a  comprehensive  list  of  the  editions  of  Bede, 
we  refer  to  the  learned  work  to  which  we  are  indebted  for 
|  this  memoir— Wright's  Biog.  Brit.  Lit. 

Ifil 


BED 


BED 


Translations. 

King  Alfred's  Anglo-Saxon  version  of  the  Ecclesias 
tical  History,  printed  in  the  editions  of  the  original  by 
Wheloc  (1643)  and  Smith  (1722.)  The  History  of  the 
Church  of  England,  compiled  by  Venerable  Bede,  English 
man,  translated  out  of  Latin  into  English  by  Thomas  Sta- 
pleton,  Student  in  Divinitie,  4to,  Antwerp,  1565.  Historic 
of  the  Church  of  England,  8vo,  St.  Omers,  1622.  This  is 
a  reprint  of  Stapleton's  Translation;  Ecclesiastical  His 
tory  of  the  English  Nation  from  the  coming  of  Julius 
Caesar  into  this  Island  in  the  60th  year  before  the  incar 
nation  of  Christ  till  the  year  of  our  Lord  731 ;  written  into 
Latin  by  Venerable  Bede,  and  now  translated  into  English 
from  Dr.  Smith's  edition.  To  which  is  added,  the  Life  of 
the  Author,  also  Explanatory  Notes,  8vo,  London,  1723 
The  translator  was  John  Stevens.  The  History  of  the 
Primitive  Church  of  England,  from  its  origin  to  the  year 
731  j  written  in  Latin  by  Venerable  Bede,  Priest  of  that 
Church,  a  few  years  before  his  death ;  in  Five  Books,  now 
translated  by  the  Rev.  William  Hurst,  of  St.  Mary's  Ch 
pel,  Westminster,  8vo,  London,  1814.  The  Lives  of  Bene 
dict,  Ceolfrid,  Easterwine,  Sigfrid,  and  Huetbert,  the  first 
five  abbots  of  the  united  monastery  of  Wearmouth  and 
Jarrow ;  translated  from  the  Latin  of  Venerable  Bede, 
to  which  is  prefixed  a  Life  of  the  Author,  by  the  Rev. 
Peter  Wilcock,  8vo,  Sunderland,  1818.  The  Ecclesiastical 
History  of  the  English  Nation;  translated  from  the  Latin 
of  Venerable  Bede,  to  which  is  prefixed  a  Life  of  the  Au 
thor,  by  J.  A.  Giles,  LL.D.,  8vo,  London,  1840.  Popular 
Treatises  on  Science;  written  during  the  Middle  Ages, 
edited  by  Thomas  Wright,  8vo,  London,  1841 ;  (published 
by  the  Historical  Society  of  Science,)  pp.  1-19.  The  An 
glo-Saxon  abridged  version  of  Bede's  Treatise  De  Natura 
Rerum. — Abbreviated  from  Wright's  Biog.  Brit.  Lit. 

Since  the  publication  of  the  Biog.  Brit.  Lit,  (in  1842,) 
the  public  has  been  favoured  with  an  edit,  of  The  Com 
plete  Works  of  Bede,  in  the  original  Latin,  collected  and 
accompanied  by  a  new  English  translation  of  the  Histo 
rical  Works,  and  a  Life  of  the  Author,  by  the  learned  Rev. 
J.  A.  Giles,  LL.D.,  comprised  in  12  vols.  8vo,  1843-4,  pub. 
at  £6  6». 

Beddoes,  Thomas,  M.D.,  1760-1808,  an  eminent 
physician  and  chemist,  was  born  at  Shiffnall,  in  Shrop 
shire.  In  1776  he  was  entered  of  Pembroke  College,  Ox 
ford,  where  he  was  remarkable  for  his  assiduity  in  his 
studies,  and  proficiency  in  the  Latin  tongue.  He  also 
made  himself  acquainted  with  French,  Italian,  and  Ger 
man.  Dr.  B.  married  Maria  Edgeworth's  younger  sister. 

He  pub.  in  1784,  Dissertation  on  Natural  History,  from 
the  Italian  of  Spallanzani,  2d  ed.,  1790.  He  added  notes 
to  Dr.  E.  Cullen's  trans,  of  Bergman's  Physical  and  Che 
mical  Essays;  and  in  1785  trans,  the  same  author's  Essay 
on  Elective  Attractions.  On  the  death  of  Dr.  Austin  he 
succeeded  to  the  chemical  lectureship  at  Oxford.  Not 
satisfied  with  his  extraordinary  attainments  in  chemistry, 
physiology,  mineralogy,  botany,  <fcc.,  he  turned  his  atten 
tion  to  the  interests  of  politics,  education,  and  political 
economy,  and  in  1792  surprised  his  friends  with  a  poem 
founded  upon  Alexander's  Expedition  to  the  Indian  Ocean. 
This  he  passed  off  as  a  production  of  Dr.  Darwin's  to  some 
enthusiastic  admirers  of  that  gentleman's  poetry ;  one  of 
•whom  had  declared  that  the  poem  on  the  Economy  of  Ve 
getation  was  beyond  imitation.  As  another  evidence  of 
the  comprehensive  grasp  of  his  mind,  we  may  mention 
History  of  Isaac  Jenkins,  a  Moral  Fiction,  1793 ;  Obser 
vations  on  the  Nature  of  Demonstrative  Evidence,  with 
Reflections  on  Language,  1792 ;  A  Word  in  Defence  of  the 
Bill  of  Rights  against  Gagging  Bills,  1795 ;  An  Essay  on 
the  Public  Merits  of  Mr.  Pitt,  1796.  Some  of  Dr.  Beddoes's 
professional  Essays  are,  besides  those  mentioned,  Obser 
vations  on  the  Nature  and  Cure  of  Calculus,  Catarrh,  and 
Fever,  1792  ;  Contributions  to  Medical  and  Physical  Know 
ledge,  from  the  West  of  England,  1799;  Popular  Essay  on 
Consumption,  1799;  Hygeia,  1801-2;  On  Fever  as  con 
nected  with  Inflammation,  1807;  Good  Advice  to  Hus 
bandmen  in  Harvest,  Ac.,  1808.  In  addition  to  all  his 
other  literary  labours  he  was  a  contributor  to  several  of 
the  medical  and  literary  journals.  See  Phil.  Trans.,  1791- 
92 ;  Med.  Tracts,  1793,  '94,  '97  ;  Nic.  Jour.  1800,  '2,  '6,  '9. 
See  a  list  of  his  publications  in  Watt's  Bib.  Brit.  He  was 
an  early  patron  of  Sir  Humphry  Davy. 

"  He  was  a  very  remarkable  man,  admirably  fitted  to  promote 
inquiry,  better  than  to  conduct  it.  ...  He  had  talents  which 
would  have  exalted  him  to  the  pinnacle  of  philosophical  eminence, 
if  they  had  been  applied  with  discretion." — SIR  HUMPHRY  DAVY. 

Whilst  preparing  for  the  university  he  resided  for  two 
years  with  the  Rev.  Samuel  Dickerson,  who  remarks  that 
"  His  mind  was  so  intent  upon  literary  pursuits,  chiefly  the 
156 


attainment  of  classical  learning,  that  I  do  not  recollect  his  bavin? 
devoted  a  single  day,  or  even  hour,  to  diversions  or  frivolous 
amusements  of  any  kind." 

A  life  of  Dr.  Beddoes  was  pub.  by  Dr.  Stock  in  1811. 

Beddoes,  Thomas  Lovell,  1803-1849,  son  of  the 
above,  and  nephew  to  Maria  Edgeworth,  was  entered  in 
his  17th  year  of  Pembroke  College,  Oxford.  In  1822  he 
pub.  The  Bride's  Tragedy. 

"  With  all  its  extravagancies,  and  even  sillinesses  and  follies  it 
shews  far  more  than  glimpses  of  a  true  poetical  genius,  much 
tender  and  deep  feeling,  a  wantoning  sense  of  beauty,  &c  '•— 
Black-wood's  Mag.,  xiv.  723. 

The  Edinburgh  Review  prefaces  an  extract  by  remark 
ing: 

'  The  following  will  show  the  way  in  which  Mr.  Beddoes  manages 
a  subject  that  poets  have  almost  reduced  to  commonplace.  We 
thought  all  similes  for  the  violet  had  been  used  up ;  but  he  gives 
us  a  new  one,  that  is  very  delightful." 

"  The  ambition  that  had  suggested  The  Bride's  Tragedy  died  in 
the  effort  of  producing  it.  As  with  his  school  fellows,  now  with 
the  poets,  his  power  once  acknowledged,  he  abandoned  further 
competition." 

After  his  death  a  vol.  of  his  Poems  was  pub.,  with  a  memoir 
of  the  author.  Works,  including  Death's  Jest-Book,  2  vols. 

"All  that  we  have  quoted,  fragmentary  as  it  is,  proclaims  a 
•writer  of  the  highest  order; — magnificent  diction,  terse  and  close 
in  expression,  various  and  beautiful  in  modulation,  displaying 
imaginative  thought  of  the  highest  reach,  and  sweeping  the  cords 
of  passion  with  a  strong  and  fearless  hand." — London  Examiner. 

Beddome,  Benjamin.  Exposition  on  the  Baptist 
Catechism,  1752.  20  Short  Discourses,  pub.  from  his 
MSS.,  1805. 

"  Evangelical  and  practical." — BICKERSTETH. 

They  are  commended  by  Robert  Hall,  of  Leicester. 
^"  As  a  preacher,  Mr.  Beddome  was  universally  admired  for  the 
piety  and  unction  of  his  sentiments,  the  facility  of  his  arrange 
ment,  and  the  purity,  force,  and  simplicity  of  his  language ;  all 
which  was  recommended  by  a  delivery  perfectly  natural  and 
graceful.  His  printed  Discourses,  taken  from  the  MSS.  which  he 
left  behind  him  at  his  decease,  are  fair  specimens  of  his  usual  per 
formance  in  the  pulpit.  They  are  eminent  for  the  qualities  already 
mentioned ;  and  their  merits,  which  the  modesty  of  the  author 
concealed  from  himself,  have  been  justly  appreciated  by  the  reli 
gious  public." — KOBERT  HALL. 

Bedel,  Henry.  The  Mouth  of  the  Poore,  Lon.,  1571, 
16mo.  , 

Bedell,  Gregory  Townsend,  D.D.,  1793-1834,  for 
iwelve  years  Rector  of  St.  Andrew's  Episcopal  Church  in 
Philadelphia,  enjoyed  a  wide  reputation  as  a  devoted 
pastor,  an  excellent  preacher,  and  a  zealous  promoter 
of  religious  literature.  Besides  editing  many  books,  he 
was  author  of  a  number  of  excellent  works.  1.  Ezekiel's 
Vision.  2.  Is  it  well?  3.  It  is  well.  4.  Onward,  or 
Christian  Progression.  5.  Pay  Thy  Vows.  6.  Renunci 
ation.  7.  Way  Marks.  8.  Serms.,  with  Biographical  Sketch 
f  the  author  by  Step.  H.  Tyng,  D.D.,  2  vols.  8vo.  He  wrote 
several  works  for  the  Amer.  S.  S.  Union.  This  exemplary 
man  was  remarkable  for  abundant  labours  persevered  in 
nder  great  bodily  indisposition.  His  biographer  remarks, 

"  For  several  of  the  last  years  of  his  life  he  was  kept  in  being 
ind  in  active  effort,  beyond  any  of  the  expectations  of  his  friends. 
The  kind  providence  of  God  had  favoured  him  with  the  kind  att 
entions  of  a  physician,  Dr.  John  K.  Mitchell  of  Philadelphia,  [see 
he  name  in  this  volume,]  whose  remarkable  skill  in  his  profession, 
united  with  the  tenderest  concern  for  his  patient's  comfort,  a  clear 
inderstanding  of  his  constitution  and  habits,  and  the  most  un- 
iring  assiduity  in  watching  over  his  health,  was  blessed  from 
ibove  to  the  preservation  of  his  life,  and  mitigating  his  sufferings, 
for  several  years  after  it  was  supposed  by  others  that  he  was  very 
near  the  end  of  his  course." 

As  a  pulpit  orator,  Dr.  Bedell  was  greatly  admired. 

'  Remarkable  as  were  these  many  traits  of  excellence,  it  was  in 
he  pulpit  that  the  pastor  shone  with  the  highest  lustre.  Clear, 
imple,  chaste,  logical,  impassioned,  he  combined  the  most  opposite 
ualities;  and,  although  reduced  almost  to  a  skeleton  by  con- 
umption,  his  magnificent  voice,  with  its  clear  enunciation  and 
liversified  intonation,  could  be  heard  at  an  almost  incredible  dis- 
ance.  .  .  .  Hopes  of  heaven,  fears  of  hell,  the  beauty  of  holiness, 
he  deformity  of  sin,  the  goodness,  the  mercy,  and  the  justice  of 
Jod,  were  in  turn  his  theme ;  and  never  did  his  people  hear  abler 
xpositions,  or  more  affectionately  eloquent  appeals." — J.  K. 
MITCHELL,  M.D. :  Eeligious  Souvenir,  1835. 

Bedell,  William,  D.D.,  1570-1641,  Bishop  of  Kil- 
more  and  Ardagh  in  Ireland,  was  one  of  the  most  exem- 
ilary  characters  in  ecclesiastical  history.  He  was  born 
t  Black  Notley  in  Essex,  studied  in  Emanuel  College, 
Cambridge,  was  made  provost  of  Trinity  College,  Dublin, 
n  1627,  and  consecrated  bishop  in  1629.  He  was  chaplain 
o  Sir  Henry  Wotton,  ambassador  to  the  republic  of  Venice. 
Adapting  himself  to  the  flock  which  he  served,  he  intro- 
luced  the  reading  of  the  Common  Prayer  in  his  cathedral 
n  the  Irish  tongue ;  he  caused  Archbishop  Daniel's  Irish 
rans.  of  the  New  Testament  to  be  circulated ;  and  had  a 
rans.  made  into  that  language  of  the  books  of  the  Old 
'estament;  and  also  of  some  homilies  of  Chrysostom  and 
Leo,  in  which  the  Scriptures  are  held  up  to  reverence. 


BED 

The  trans,  of  the  Old  Testament  was  pub.  after  his  death, 
(1685,  4to.)  at  the  expense -of  the  Hon.  Robert  Boyle. 
Bishop  Buruet  wrote  an  account  of  his  life,  pub.  in  1G85. 

His  Life,  with  Letters  by  Bishop  Burnet,  is 

"  A  ven-  useful  work,  containing  in  the  appended  Letters,  a  good 
ivpl/  to  I'op't-y." — ]'.icK:-:r.sTKTiT. 

Bedford,  Arthur,  1008-1745,  studied  at  Brnscnoso 
College,  Oxford,  and  took  holy  orders  in  16SS.  In  1724 
lie  removed  to  Ho.tton, having  been  chosen  chaplain  to  the 
Haberdashers-'  Company  at  that  place,  and  remained  there 
until  his  death. 

Serious  Reflections  on  the  scandalous  Abuse  and  .httects 
of  the  Stage,  Bristol,  1705,  Svo.  A  Second  Advertise 
ment  concerning  the  Piny  House,  Bristol,  1705,  Svo.  The 
Evil  and  Danger  of  Stage  Plays;  showing  their  natural 


BEE 

Bedwell,  Wm.,  1562-1032,  among  other  works  pub. 
a  trans,  out  of  Arabic  of  a  treatise  called  A  Discovery  of 
the  Manifold  Forgeries,  Falsehoods,  and  Horrible  Impieties 
of  the  Blasphemous  Seducer  Mahammed.  Lon.,  1015,  fol. 

Bee,  Jou.    Dictionary  of  the  Turf,  Ac.,  Lon.,  1S2:J. 

Bee,  Thos.     Reports  Dist.  Court  S.  Carolina,  181  U. 

Beearde,  Richard.  A  Godly  Psalm  of  Mary,  Queen, 
Lon.,  1558,  Svo.  Alphabetmn  Beeardi. 

Beebe,  P.  O.     Legal  Treatises,  N.  York,  1834-37. 

Beecher,  Catherine  Esther,  b.  1 800,  at  East  Hamp 
ton,  L.I.,  eldest  daughter  of  Dr.  Lyman  Beecher.  From  1822 
to  '32,  sho  was  the  Principal  of  a  Female  Seminary  at  Hart 
ford,  Conn.,  during  which  time  she  pub.  a  Manual  of  Arith 
metic,  and  a  series  of  elementary  books  of  instruction  in 
Theology,  Mental  and  Moral  Philosophy.  In  1832,  sherc- 


i.Midcncy  to  destroy  Religion,  and  introduce  a  general  '  moveti°u  Cincinnati  with  her  father,  and  for  two  years  was 
corrnptioq  of  Manners,  in  almost  two  thousand  instances,  ,  tho  ^ea^  ot-  aa  institution  for  female  instruction.  1.  Do- 
taken  from  the  plays  of  the  last  two  years,  against  all  the  mcslic  g.jrvicc.  2.  Duty  of  American  Women  to  their 
nu-thods  lately  used  for  their  reformation,  Lou.,  1.00,  Svo.  '  (;l)Untrv<  3. 


title  of  A  Serious  Remonstrance  in  behalf  of  the  Christian 
Religion  against  the  horrid  Blasphemies  and  Impieties 
which  arc  still  used  in  the  English  Play  House?. 

The  Temple  of  Music.  Lon.,  1706,  Svo.  Tho  Great 
Abuse  of  Music.  Lon.,  1711,  Svo. 

The  Scripture  Chronology  demonstrated  by  Astronomi 
cal  Calculation,  etc.,  Lon..  1730,  folio. 


„ _ .-,  ,  v,.,«»,.ry.     3.  Housekeeper's  Receipt-Book,  N.  York.  1845, 

This  work  was  much  enlarged,  and  pub.  in  1719  under  the  ;  ]2mo-  many  editions.    4.  The  True  Itemed v  for  the  Wrongs 

ri,v!<Hnn  of  Woman>  Bost>>  ]8r,^  12mo.  5/  Treatise  on  Domestic 
Economy,  N.York,  12mo.  0.  Truth  Stranger  than  Fiction, 
Bast.,  1850,  12mo.  7.  Letters  to  the  People  on  Health  and 
Happiness,  N.  York,  >855, 12mo.  8.  Physiology  and  Callis 
thenics,  N.York,  1850,  12mo.  9.  Common  Sense  Applied 
to  Religion,  N.  York,  J857,  12mo.  This  work  is  said  to 
present  "  some  striking  departures  from  the  Calvinistic 
theology."  Sec  Appleton's  New  Amer.  Cyc, 

"The  printed  writings  of  3Ii.*3  Beecher  have  been  connected  with 
her  governing  idea  of  promoting  the  best  interests  of  her  own  PCX, 
and  can  scarcely  be  considered  as  the  true  index  of  what  her  genius, 
if  devot'd  to  literary  pursuits,  might  have  produced.'' — Mrs.  Hales 
Woinan's  Iff  cord. 

"  Miss  Beecher,  with  her  profound  and  acute  metaphysical  and 
religious  writings." — Griswold's  Prose-Writf.rs  of  America. 
Beecher,  llev.  Charles,  son  of  Dr.  Lyrnan  Beecher. 

1.  The  Incarnation,  or  Pictures  of  the  Virgin  and  her  Son  ; 
with  an  Introduction  by  Mrs.  Stowe,  12mo,  N.York,  1849. 

2.  Review  of  the  Spiritual  Manifestations,  N.  York,  1853, 
12mo.     3.  Pen-Pictures  of  the  Bible,  N.York,  1855,  ISmo. 

Beecher,  Edward,  D.D.,  b.  180-4,  eldest  son  of  Dr. 
Lyman  Beacher;  grad.  Yale  Coll.,  1822;  Tutor  in  same  In 
stitution,  1825  ;  Pastor  of  Park  St.  Church,  Bost.,  1826-31; 
Pres.  Illinois  Cdl.,  Jacksonville,  1831-44;  Pastor  of  Salem 
St.  Church,  Bost.,  1840-50.  1.  Baptism :  its  Import  and 
Modes,  N.York,  12mo.  2.  Conflict  of  Ages,  Bost.,  1854, 
12mrr.  3.  Papal  Conspiracy  Exposed,  N.  York,  1855, 12mo. 

Beecher,  Harriet.     See  STOWK. 

Beecher,  Rev.  Henry  Ward,b.  1813,  at  Litcbfield, 
Conn.,  son  of  Dr.  Lyman  Beecher ;  grad.  Ainherst  Coll., 
1834,  and  studied  theology  under  his  father  at  the  Lano 
Seminary.  He  first  settled  as  a  Presbyterian  minister  at 
Lawrenceburg,  Ind.,  1837,  and  removed  to  Indianapolis  in 
1&39,  where  he  remained  nntil  1847,  when  he  accepted  an 
invitation  to  become  pastor  of  the  Plymouth  Church  in 
Brooklyn,  N.Y.,  an  organization  of  Orthodox  Congrega 
tional  believers,  which  position  he  continues  to  occupy. 
"As  a  preacher,  he  is  said  to  have  the  largest  uniform  con- 


A  veiv  learned  and  elaborate  work."—  Du.  ^ 

^Thi's  is  u  verv  elaborate  work,  and  displays  ranch  learning  and 
ivseaivh.     Tli  •  hyp  M  he-is  which  it  espouses,  however,  which  is 
the  Hebivw  numbers,  has  bwu  Set  aside,  and 
.  i;-k  alto  tether  superseded,  by  tho  valuable  publication  of 
•-.-.  ll;\l**."—0rme's  Uibl.  liil>. 

Mr.  Bedford  preached  eight  sermons  on  the  Doctrine  of 
the  Trinity,  Svo,  1741,  at  Lady  Moyer's  Lecture,  and  a 
number  of  single  sermons,  &c. 

Bedford,  Arthur,  Vicar  of  Sharnbrooke,  Bedford, 
Thanksgiving  after  Rebellion.  A  Sermon,  1  Sam.  xii.24, 
1746,  4to. 

Bedford,  Gunning  S.,  M.D.,  Prof,  of  Midwifery,  Ac. 
(T.  the  Univ.  of  X.  York,!*.  IS  11,  at  Baltimore,  Md.  1.  Clinical 
Lacts.  on  the  Diseases  of  Woman  and  Children,  N.  Y.,  1855, 
Svo;  5thed.,  1857,  Svo.  We  have  be  fore  us  twenty-three  com 
mendatory  notices  of  this  work.  2.  Treat,  on  the  Principle, 
and  Practice  of  Midwifery,  1859,  Svo.  Trans.from  the  French 
an  tl  edited  Chailly's  Midwifery  ;  May  grier's  Anatomy  ;  Bau- 
dec.loc(|ue  on  Puerperal  Fever;  Boisseau  on  Cholera,  <fec. 

Bedford,  Hilkiah,  1663-1724,  was  admitted  of  St. 
John's  College  in  1079,  and  became  a  Fellow  thereof,  and 
a  clergyman  of  the  Church  of  England.  Refusing  to  take 
the'  oaths  at  the  Revolution,  he  was  ejected.  He  was  fined 
1000  nvirks,  and  imprisoned  3  years  for  writing,  printing, 
and  publishing.  The  Hereditary  Right  of  the  Crown  of 
England  asserted,  &c.,  fol.,  1713.  Of  this  work,  Mr.  George 
Harbin,  another  non-juring  clergyman,  afterwards  avowed 
himself  to  be  the  author.  See  Niehols's  Literary  Anec 
dotes,  vol.  i.  p.  108.  Bedford  trans.  An  Answer  to  Fonte- 
nelle's  History  of  Oracles,  The  Life  of  Dr.  Barwick,  and 
pub..  A  Vindication  of  the  Church  of  England  in  1710,  Svo, 
and  some  other  works. 

Bedfiml,  Thomas.  Cure  of  Diseases,  Lon.  ,1015,  Svo. 

Bedford,  Thomas.    Theolog.  works,  Lon.,  1038-50, 

Bedford,  Thomas,  d.  1773,  second  son  of  Hilkiah,, 
officiated  in  his  clerical  capacity  among  the  non-jurors. 
11.;  studied  at  St.  .John's  College,  Cambridge.  He  edited 
Simoon  of  Durham's  Do  Exordio  atque  procursn  Durhcl- 
nunsus  Eeclefiai;  which  was  printed  by  subscription  in 
1732,  Svo.  In  1742  he  pub.  an  Historical  Catechism;  tho 
2d  oil.  The.  1st  ed.  was  taken  from  Abbe  Fleury. 

Bedford,  Thomas.     Sermons,  <fcc.,  1707-78. 

Bedford,  William.     S  nnons.  10yS,  <fcc. 

Bedford,  Rev.  W.  K.  Riland.   The  Blazon  of  Epis 
copacy  :   b.'ing  a  Complete  List  of  all  the  Archbishops  and 
Bishops  of  Kn  inland  from  tho  First  Foundation  of  their 
:!u'  Pr.--.-nt  Time.  Lon.,  1858,  Svo. 

Bctiir.giield,  James.  A  Compendium  of  Medical 
Practice,  illustrated  by  interesting  and  instructive  Cases, 
and  by  practical  Pathological  and  Physiological  Observa 
tions,  'Lon..  1S10,  Svo. 

Bcdiugfictd,  Thomas.     Trans.  Cardan's  Comfortc, 
' 


cugc,        omas.        rans.     arans     om 
Lon,,  1570,  '4  to.     The  History  of  Florence,  1595,  fol. 
Kettle,  Joseph.     Sermon,  Lon.,  1079,  -Ito. 
Bedle,  Thomas.     P.  P.  of  the  Church  Militant.  1010. 


gregation  in  the  United  States,"  and  is  very  popular  as  a 
public  lecturer.  1.  Lectures  to  Young  Men,  Bost.,  1S50, 
12mo;  many  edits. ;  also  repnb.  in  Dublin.  2.  Industry  and 
Idleness,  Phila.,  1850,  ISmo.  3.  The  Star  Papers,  N.  York, 
1855,  12mo.  This  work  is  composed  of  articles  contri 
buted  to  the  N.  Y.  Independent,  and  met  with  a  large  sale. 
4.  Tho  Star  Papers;  2d  Series,  N.  York,  185S,  12mo.  5. 
Life-Thoughts,  Bost.,  185S,  12mo:  25,000  copies  sold 
within  a  few  months  after  publication.  This  work  con 
sists  of  selections  from  his  extemporaneous  sermons  made 
by  ono  of  his  congregation  and  afterwards  revised  by  him 
self.  0.  Serins.,  N.  York,  1858,  12mo.  Ed.  Plymouth  Col 
lection  of  Hymns,  N.  York,  Svo,  12mo,  ISmo.  &c. 

Beecher,  Lyman, D.D.,  b.  Oct.  12, 1775,  at  N.  Haven, 
Conn.,  grad.  at  Yale  Coll.  1797,  and  studied  divinity  under 
President  D  wight.  In  1798,  became  pastor  of  a  church  at 
East  Hampton,  L.T.,  and  from  1810  to  '20  was  pastor  of 
the  First  Church  of  Litchfield,  Conn.  He  became  pastor 
of  the  newly-established  Hanover  St.  Church,  Boston,  and 
took  an  active  part  in  tho  opposition  to  Dr.  Channing 
and  others  in  the  controversy  which  occurred  among 
members  of  a  number  of  the  churches  of  New  England  i 


1820.     In  1832,  he  became  President  of  the  Lane  Theo 
logical  Seminary  at  Cincinnati,  and,  nt  the  same  time,  hud 
,  charge  of  the   Second   Presbyterian  Church  of  that  city. 

Bcdloe,  CU.pt.  Wm.     Narrative  of  the  Horrid  Popish  j  Since  1812  he  has  resided  at  Boston.     He  has  written  very 
luinicatcd  Prince,  Lon.,  i  cflfjctively  in  the  cause  of  < 


Piot,  Lou.,  ir,7'.»,  fol.     The  Excommunicated  Prince,  Lon.,  !  cflfjctively  in  the  cause  of  temperance.      1.  Pica  for  the 

1079,  fol.     Jacobs  ascribes   this  to  Bcdloe,  but  Wood  to  i  West,  N.York.  ISma.     2.  Serms.  on  Various  Occasions,  N. 

Thomas  Walter.  York,  Svo,  1S42,     3.  Views  in  Theology,  12mo.     4.  Skepti- 

Bedwell,  Thos.    Planes  and  Solids,  Lon.,  1631, 4to.  I  cism.  12mo.    5.  Political  Atheism,  &c.  His  collected  works 

157 


BEE 


BEL 


have  been  pub.  under  his  own  supervision,  Bosk,  3  vols. 
12mo.  Three  sons  and  two  daughters  of  Dr.  Beecher  oc 
cupy  a  place  in  our  Dictionary. 

Beechey,  Sir  Frederic  William,  1796-1856,  dis 
tinguished  himself  by  his  enterprise  in  voyages  of  explora 
tion  to  the  Pacific  and  Behring's  Strait,  and  to  the  north 
ern  coast  of  Africa.  He  was  author  of  Narrative  of  a 
Voyage  to  the  Pacific  and  Behring's  Strait  in  the  years 
1825-28,  Lon.,  1831,  2  vols.  4to,  pub.  at  £4  4s.  Proceed 
ings  of  the  Expedition  to  explore  the  Northern  Coasts  of 
Africa  in  1821,  '22,  Ac.,  Lon.,  1S27,  4to,  pub.  at  £3  3s.,  H. 
W.  Beechey  co-author.  A  Voyage  of  Discovery  towards 
the  North  Isle,  Lon.,  1843,  8vo. 

The  Botany  of  Capt.  B.'s  Voyage  to  the  Pacific  and 
Behring's  Strait  was  pub.  in  10  numbers,.  4to,  1834-41,  at 
£7  10s. ;  the  Zoology  in  1839,  4to,  at  £5  5s. :  both  by  that 
enterprising  publisher  Henry  G.  Bohn,  London. 

"  Captain  Beechey's  Narrative,  we  venture  to  predict,  will  be 
generally  considered  as  the  most  interesting  of  the  whole  series  of 
recent  voyages.  Part  of  this  distinction  it  undoubtedly  owes  to 
the  much  greater  variety  and  extent  of  his  field  of  observation,  but 
part  of  it  likewise  belongs  to  the  superiority  of  his  powers  of  com 
position.  His  whole  work,  though  consisting  of  topics  of  bound 
less  diversity,  hangs  so  capitally  together,  that  we  cannot  hope, 
either  by  outline  or  extract,  to  give  a  just  conception  of  its  inte 
rest." — Lon.  Quarterly  Review. 

Beeckman,  Captain  Daniel.  Voyage  to  and  from 
the  Island  of  Borneo  in  the  East  Indies,  Lon.,  1718,  8vo. 

"  An  interesting  work,  even  at  this  period  of  time." 

Reprinted  in  the  llth  vol.  of  Pinkerton's  Collection  of 
Voyages  and  Travels. 

Beedome.  Poems  Divine  and  Humane,  Lon.,  1641, 
8vo.  Reprinted  in  Wit  a  Sporting,  1657. 

Beek,  J.     Triumph  Royal,  Lon.  1692,  Svo. 

Beeke,  Henry,  1751-1837,  a  clergyman  and  political 
economist,  consulted  in  financial  affairs  by  Mr.  Pitt  and 
Mr.Vansittart,  (afterwards  Lord  Bexley,)  pub.  Observations 
on  the  Income  Tax,  1799,  Svo,  and  a  Letter  on  Peace  with 
France,  1798,  Svo. 

Beere,  Richard.   Theological  works,  Lon.,  1789-91. 

Beerman.     Sermon,  Lon.,  1663,  4to. 

Beesley,  Henry.  The  Soul's  Conflict;  in  8  Serms., 
Lon.,  1656,  Svo. 

Beeston,  Edmund.     Practical  Sermons,  1739,  Svo. 

Beeston,  Sir  Wm.    Con.  to  Phil.  Trans.  1696. 

Begg,  James  A.    Theolog.  Works,  1831-50. 

Begge,  John.     Contes  des  Fous,  &c.,  1812,  Svo. 

Begley,  Corn.     English-Irish  Dictionary,  1732,  4to. 

Behn,  Aphra,  Aphara,  or  Afra,  d.  1689,  was  the 
daughter  of  Mr.  Johnson,  G-overnor  of  Surinam.  She  re 
sided  for  some  time  at  Antwerp,  where  she  was  employed 
as  a  secret  agent  of  the  English  government.  She  pub. 
Poems,  1st  vol.  1684;  2d  1685 ;  3d  1688 :  these  were  songs 
and  miscellanies  by  Rochester,  Etherege,  herself,  and 
others.  She  also  wrote  17  plays,  and  several  histories 
and  novels.  See  edits,  in  Lowndes's  Bibl.  Manual.  She 
was  the  authoress  of  the  celebrated  letters  between  A 
Nobleman  and  His  Sister,  and  8  love-letters  of  her  own  to 
Lycidas.  Oronokoo,  the  American  Prince,  a  Novel,  (from 
which  Southern  borrowed  his  Tragedy,)  was  the  fruit  of 
her  personal  acquaintance  with  that  noted  personage. 
The  paraphrase  of  (Enone's  Epistle  to  Paris,  in  the  Eng 
lish  translation  of  Ovid's  Epistles,  is  Mrs.  Behn's  : 

"  I  was  desired  to  say  that  the  author,  who  is  of  the  fair  sex, 
understood  not  Latin ;  but  if  she  do  not,  I  am  afraid  she  has  given 
us  who  do,  occasion  to  be  ashamed." — Dryderis  Preface  to  trans, 
of  Ovid. 

But  Dryden  did  not  always  weigh  his  words.  The  li 
centiousness  of  Mrs.  Behn's  pen  is  a  disgrace  to  her  sex, 
and  the  language.  Pope,  "by  no  means  fastidious,  yet  re 
bukes  Mrs.  B.  in  a  well-known  couplet : 

"The  stage  how  loosely  does  Astnea  tread,"  &c. 

"  Most  of  her  comedies  have  had  the  good  fortune  to  please :  and 
tho'  it  must  be  confest  that  she  has  borrowed  very  much,  not  only 
from  her  own  Country  Men,  but  likewise  from  the  French  Poets : 
yet  it  may  be  said  in  her  behalf,  that  she  has  often  been  forc'd  to 
It  through  haste ;  and  has  borrowed  from  others  Stores  rather  of 
Choice  than  for  want  of  Wit  of  her  ovm."—Langbaine's  Drar 
matic  Poets. 

•'  But  when  you  write  of  Love,  Astrea.  then 
Love  dips  his  Arrows  where  you  wet  your  pen. 
Such  charming  Lines  did  never  Paper  grace ; 
Soft  as  your  Sex,  and  smooth  as  Beauty's  Face." 
CHAHTJES  COTTON. 

"It  is  no  wonder  that  her  wit  should  gain  her  the  esteem  of  Mr. 
Dryden,  Mr.  Southern,  and  other  men  of  genius." — Biog.  Dram. 

Beighton,  Henry.  Con.  to  Phil.  Trans.,  1731,  '38, '41. 
Beilby.  British  Quadrupeds,1790.Svo.  Birds,]  797,8vo. 
Beilby,  John.  Gauging  of  Casks,  Lon.,  1694, 12mo. 
Beilby,  Saml.,  D.D.  Sermons,  1781,  '90,  '95, 1804. 
Beke,  Charles  Tilstone.  Origines  Biblicae,  or 

158 


Researches  in  Primeval  History,  with  a  Map,  Lon.,  1834, 
Svo,  vol.  i. 

"  The  first  attempt  to  reconstruct  history  on  the  principles  of  the 
young  science  of  geology.  The  author  endeavours  from  the  direct 
evidence  of  the  Scriptures  themselves,  to  determine  the  positions 
of  the  countries  and  places  mentioned  in  the  Old  Testament,  and 
the  order  in  which  they  were  peopled ;  and  to  explain  the  OrMn 
and  Filiation  of  the  various  races  of  mankind,  and  of  the  lan 
guages  spoken  by  them.  It  is  intended  to  be  completed  in  an- 

;  other  volume." — LOWXDES. 

Bekinsau,  John,  1496-1559,  a  native  of  Wiltshire, 

|  studied  at  New  College,  Oxford,  where  he  was  noted  for 
his  proficiency  in  the  Greek  tongue.  He  wrote  De  Su 
premo  et  Absolute  Regis  Imperio,  printed  at  London  in 
1546,  in  Svo,  and  subsequently  in  the  first  volume  of  Mo- 
narchia  Romani  Imperii, <fec.,by  Melchior  Goldast  at  Franc- 

j  fort,  1621,  fol.    Dibdin  mentions  a  doubtful  edition  of  1537 

|  '•  Leaving  behind  him  this  character  among  the  11.  Catholics, 
that  as  he  was  a  learned  man.  so  might  he  have  been  promoted 
according  to  his  deserts,  had  his  principles  been  constant"— 

'  Athen.  O.rnn. 

Bel,  Thomas.     The  Fall  of  Papistry,  Lon.,  1628, 4to. 
Bel,  William.     The   Testament  of  W.  B.  Doway, 
1632,  12mo. 

Belbin,  Peter.     Sermons,  1733,  '38,  '41. 
Belcamp,  J.  V.    Consil.  &c.  Hibernia,  Lon.,  1651,  fol. 
Belcher.     The  Laws  of  Nova  Scotia,  1767. 
Belcher,  or  Belchier,  Dabridgcourt,  was  ad- 
mitted   at  Corpus  Christi  College,   Cambridge,  1598,  re 
moved  to  Christ  Church,  Oxford,  where  he  took  B.  A.  in 
1600.     He  trans,  into  English  Hans  Beerport,  his  Risible 
Comedy  of  See  me  and  See  me  not,  printed  Lon.,  1618,  4to. 
Phillips  and  Winstanley  erroneously  credit  Nash  with  this 
piece.     Wood  ascribes  some  other  pieces  to  him.    William 
Belcher,  his  father,  was  a  friend  of  Guillim  the  herald, 
who  takes  occasion  to  commend  him  as 

'•  A  man  very  complete  in  all  gentlemanlike  qualities,  a  lover  of 
arts,  and  a  diligent  searcher  after  matters  pertaining  to  honour 
and  contiguity." — Display  of  Heraldry. 

The  gentleman  so  lauded  prefixed  some  Latin  lines  to 
the  Display,  in  which  he  enumerates  some  early  English 
authors  on  heraldry: 

"  Armorum  primus  Wyrilcyn  Me  wordeus  artem 
Protulit,  et  ternis  linguis  Instravit  eandem: 
Accedit  Leghus:  concordat  perbene  Bosivell, 
Armor  ioque  suo  vivi  dignatur  honoris, 
Clarorum  clypeis  et  cristis  ornat :  eamque 
Pulchre  nobilitat  generis  blazonia,  Ferni  : 
Amorum  proprium  docuit  WirleiuK  et  usum." 

Belcher,  Capt.  Sir  Edward,  K.C.B.,  F.R.S.,  &c.,  b. 
1799.  Voyage  round  the  World,  1835-42, 1843.  2  vols.  Svo. 

"  Among  the  countries  visited  by  the  Sulphur  which  in  the  pre 
sent  state  of  science  are  invested  with  more  particular  interest  may 
be  mentioned  tho  Caliibrnias,  Columbia  River,  the  N.  W.  Coast  of 
North  America,  &c." 

Botany  of  the  Voyage  of  H.  M.  Ship  Sulphur,  4to.  Voyage 
to  the  Eastern  Archipelago,  1843-46,  2  vols.  Svo.  The  Last 
of  the  Arctic  Voyages,  2  vols.  r.  Svo,  1855.  Generally  un 
favourably  reviewed. 

Belcher,  Mrs.  J.,  U.  States.  Con.  to  Phil.  Trans.,  1755. 

Belcher,  Joseph,  D.D.,  b.  1794,  Birmingham,  Eng.,  a 
Baptist  minister,  settled  in  U.  States.  Poetical  Sketches 
of  Biblical  Subjects,  <fce.;  Scripture  Narratives;  Married 
Life;  Pastoral  Recollections;  The  Clergy  of  America; 
Live  Joyfully;  The  Baptist  Pulpit  of  the  United  States; 
Religious  Denominations  of  the  U.  States,  Svo,  (many  eds. 
pub.;)  George  Whitefield,  a  Biography,  &c.  He  is  said  to 
have  written  and  pub.  more  religious  volumes  than  any 
other  author  of  the  present  century.  Dr.  Belcher  has 
edited  The  Complete  Works  of  Andrew  Fuller,  of  Robert 
Hall,  &c.,  and  been  engaged  in  other  literary  labours. 

Second  edition  of  Interesting  Narratives  from  the  sacred 
volume,  illustrated  and  improved.  Revised  and  enlarged, 
with  Additional  Narratives,  by  the  author. 

"  Simplicity  of  language,  and  a  spirit  of  genuine  piety,  cha 
racterize  these  Interesting  Narratives ;  which,  added  to  Mr.  Bel 
cher's  happy  method  of  improving  the  various  incidents  that  pass 
under  his  review,  render  the  book  a  most  acceptable  present  for 
young  people."— Scripture  Mag. 

"In  every  narrative,  the  author  holds  us  in  rapt  and  densrntf 
attention,  pleases  us  with  the  chastity  of  his  style,  the  elegance 
of  his  simplicity,  and  the  pertinence  and  propriety  of  bis  remarks. 
Narratives  like' these  are  calculated  to  make  their  way  almost  in 
sensibly  to  the  youthful  mind,  and  prepossess  it  in  favour  of  those 
pages  in  which  they  are  found." — Baptist  Mag. 

Belcher,  Saml.,  U.  States.     Sermon,  1707. 

Belcher,  Wm.  1.  Essays.  2.  The  Galaxy,  Lon., 
17S7,  '90. 

Belches,  R.     General  View  of  the  Agriculture  of  tl 
County  of  Stirling,  &c.,  Edin.,  1794,  4to. 

"Of  superior  merit."— Donaldson's  AgricuU.  "Biog. 

Belchier,  John,  Surgeon.  Con.  to  Phil.  Trans., 
1732,  '36. 

Belchier,  John.    Sermon,  1754,  4to. 


BEL 

Belfonr,  Re*.  Hugo  James,  1802-1827,  wrote  the 
Vampire,  and  Montezuma,  dramatic  pieces  pub.  under  the 
assumed  name  of  St.  John  Dorset. 

"  Possessing,  with  much  facility  of  composition,  poetical  talents 
of  no  common  order;  his  reputation  as  a  scholar  and  a  man  of 
genius  rendered  him  well  known,  while  in  England,  in  the  lite 
rary  circles."— Lon.  Gent.  Mag.,  1827. 

Belfour,  John.  Tables,  Lon.,  1804.  Spanish  Hero 
ism,  1809.  Music;  a  Poem  from  the  Spanish,  1811.  Ray's 
English  Proverbs,  1813. 

Belfour,  John.  History  of  Scotland,  Lon.,1770,12mo. 

"  This  epitome  may  prove  very  acceptable  to  those  who  are  not 
possessed  of  the  larger  histories  of  Scotland.  The  Author,  to  use 
his  own  words,  writes  in  a  style  'rather  elevated  than  lifeless;' 
and  his  principles  are  friendly  to  freedom,  both  civil  and  reli 
gious  " — Lfm.  Monthly  Review. 

Belfour,  Rev.  Okey.  Lyceum,  1809.  Sermon,  1818. 

Belfrage,  Henry,  D.D.,  1774-1835.  Practical  Dis 
courses  for  the  Young,  1817.  Practical  Exposition  of  the 
Assembly's  Shorter  Catechism,  2  vols.  12mo. 

"  This  work  exhibits  a  system  of  theology  in  a  popular  form,  and 
is  particularly  adapted  for  family  instruction."— LOWNDES. 

"  A  truly  evangelical  spirit  pervades  every  page,  and  renders  it 
the  property  of  the  Universal  Church." — Gongreg.  Magazine. 

Sacramental  Addresses  and  Meditations,  &c.,2  vols.  12mo. 

"  A  most  useful  work,  well  worthy  the  notice  of  every  young 
minister." 

A  Guide  to  the  Lord's  Table,  in  the  Catechetical  Form,. 

"  A  most  comprehensive  and  Scriptural  view  of  the  solemn  ordi 
nance  to  which  it  relates." 

A  Monitor  to  Families,  Edin.,  1823,  12mo;  several  eds. 

"  Dr.  Belfrage's  Discourses  should  have  a  place  in  every  parish 
and  family  library."— LOWNDKS. 

A  Memoir  of  Alexander  Waugh,  D.D.,  by  Hay  and  H. 
Belfrage,  1830,  8vo.  Dr.  B.  pub.  some  other  works.  See 
Life  and  Correspondence  by  McKerrow,  8vo. 

Belgrave,  Richard,  D.D.,  flourished  in  1320  under 
the  reign  of  Edward  II.,  and  was  educated  at  Cambridge. 
He  wrote  among  other  works  Theological  Determinations, 
in  one  book,  the  subject  of  which  was,  Utrum  Essentia 
Divina  possit  videri  ?  Whether  the  Divine  Essence  could 
be  seen  ?  Ordinary  Questions,  in  one  book.  Pits  gives 
him  the  character  of  a  man  of  eminent  integrity  and  piety. 

"  This  single  question,  concerning  the  Divine  Essence,  is  enough 
to  show  the  inutility  of  the  inquiries  and  studies  which  engaged 
the  attention  of  men  in  that  age." 

Belgrove,  Wm.  A  Treatise  upon  Husbandry  and 
Planting,  Boston,  New  England,  1755,  4to. 

Belhaven,  Lord.  Speech  on  the  Union,  1706,  8vo. 
Memorable  Speeches  in  the  Last  Parliament  of  Scotland, 
1706,  4to. 

"  Equally  distinguished  for  the  mighty  sway  of  his  talents  and 
the  resoluteness  of  his  temper."  See  Dr.  C.  A.  Goodrich's  Select 
British  Eloquence. 

Beling,  Richard,  1613-1677,  a  native  of  County 
Dublin,  Ireland,  was  a  leading  Roman  Catholic  during  the 
rebellion  of  1641.  Vindiciarum  Catholicarum  Hibernise 
Paris,  1650,  12mo. 

"  A  pretty  accurate  account  of  Irish  affairs  from  1641  to  1649." 

Pub.  under  the  name  of  Philopater  Irengeus.  Beling 
wrote  several  other  works.  Whilst  a  student  at  Lincoln's 
Inn,  he  added  a  6th  book  to  Sir  Philip  Sidney's  Arcadia, 
which  was  printed  with  that  romance,  Lon.,  1633,  fol.,  with 
only  the  initials  of  his  name. 

'•  Boling's  account  of  the  transactions  in  Ireland  during  the  pe 
riod  of  the  rebellion  is  esteemed  more  worthy  of  credit  than  any 
[other]  written  by  the  Roman  party."— LOWNDES. 

Belisario,  A.  M.     Trial  of  Arthur  Hodge,  1811,  8vo. 

Belke,  Thomas.  Scripture  Inquiry,  or  Helps  for 
Memory  in  the  Duties  of  Piety,  Lon.,  1641  8vo 

Belknap,  Jeremy,  1744-1798,  was  a  native  of  Boston, 
Massachusetts.  He  graduated  at  Harvard  College  in  1762 
and  entered  the  ministry  of  the  Congregational  Church  in 
1767.  He  was  one  of  the  founders  of  the  Massachusetts 
Historical  Society,  (incorporated  in  1794,)  and  took  a  livelv 
interest  in  its  affairs.  He  pub.  The  History  of  New  Hamp 
shire,  of  which  the  1st  vol.  was  printed  in  Philadelphia  in 
1784,  and  reprinted  in  Boston  in  1792,  with  the  (2d  1791) 
3d.  The  3  vols.  were  reprinted,  Boston,  1813,  8vo.  The 
4th  ed.  of  vol.  i.  was  pub.  in  Dover,  N.  Hampshire,  in  1831 
8vo.  A  Discourse  intended  to  commemorate  the  Discovery 
of  America  by  Columbus,  with  4  Dissertations,  Boston 
"92,  8vo.  American  Biography,  1st  vol.,  1794;  2d,  1798 
Since  pub.  in  3  vols.  The  Foresters.  Dr.  Belknap  pub  a 
"' mbur  °f  sermons>  f"Sitive  essays,  historical  treatises,  <fcc 

01  his  History  of  New  Hampshire,  vols.  1st  and  2d  are 
historical  vol.  3d  relates  to  climate,  soil,  produce,  &c. 
of  New  R*™VS!£  in.natural  s«ence,  as  manifested  in  his  history 
SessTf  nTPSflr?V1S  rendered  more  Prominent  by  the  rapid  pr6- 
a  dJt^n^fr  f  S  -y  S111Ce  blS  death'  His  Foresters  is  not  only 
tit  wlf,h  °f,A.m.erican  manners,  but  a  work  of  humour  and 
w  t  which  went  into  a  second  edition."-.^',  American  Bioq. 


BEL 

Bell.  Remembrance  of  Christenings  and  Mortality,' 
containing  the  Weekly  Bills  during  the  Plague,  1665,  4to. 

Bell.  The  General  and  Particular  Principles  of  Ani 
mal  Electricity  and  Magnetism,  &c.,  in  which  are  found 
Dr.  Bell's  Secrets  and  Practice,  Lon.,  1792,  8vo. 

"  Most  wonderful  Dr.  Bell !  We  will  not  rob  you  of  any  of  your 
secrets  by  transcribing  them :  if  our  readers  wish  to  explore  them 
they  may  buy  the  book,  nudpayfor  it." — Lon.  Monthly  Review. 

Bell,  Andrew,  D.D.,  1753-1832,  obtained  much  ce 
lebrity  as  the  introducer  into  England  of  what  is  called 
the  Madras  system  of  education.  Joseph  Lancaster  is 
considered  by  some  as  entitled  to  this  honour,  but  it  ia 
thought  by  many  that  the  credit  belongs  to  Dr.  B.  His 
principal  work  is  National  Education,  <fcc.,  1812,  ST'-J.  A 
list  of  publications  upon  the  subjects  of  the  Bell  and  Lan 
caster  Question,  and  education,  and  a  Review  will  be  found 
in  the  Lon.  Monthly  Review,  vol.  Ixviii.,  1812. 

"  The  boys  at  Madras  taught  so  well,  and  the  school  under  their 
teaching  prospered  so  much,  that  the  doctor  became  intoxicated 
with  the  mode,  and  even  allowed  himself  to  suppose  that  in  all 
cases  and  circumstances,  teaching  by  the  pupils  themselves  is  bet 
ter  than  teaching  by  masters.  This  is  a  supposition  really  too 
weak  to  bear  being  refuted." 

Bell,  Archibald.    Church  Members'  Directory,  1776. 

Bell,  Archibald.     Use  of  Grain  in  Distilleries,  1808. 

Bell,  Archibald.  The  New  Testament,  with  the  Text 
in  Paragraphs,  and  illust.  by  Rhetorical  Punctuation,  8vo. 

"  The  rhetorical  punctuation  introduced  by  Mr.  Bell  gives  an 
astonishing  effect  to  the  delivery  of  any  passage,  being  perfectly 
in  unison  with  the  respiratory  and  vocal  powers." 

Cabinet :  Original  Essays,  2  vols.  8vo.  Count  Clermont, 
tragedies,  and  other  poems,  p.  8vo. 

Bell,  Beaupre,  d.  1745,  an  antiquary,  assisted  Blome- 
field  in  the  History  of  the  County  of  Norfolk. 

"My  late  friend,  Mr.  Beaupre  Bell,  a  young  gentleman  of 
most  excellent  knowledge  in  medals,  whose  immature  death  is  a 
real  loss  to  this  part  of  learning,  was  busy  in  putting  out  a 
book  like  that  of  Patoral,  and  left  his  manuscripts,  plates,  and 
coins  to  Trinity  College,  Cambridge." — STUKJELY:  Memoirs  of 
Carausius. 

Bell,  Benjamin,  an  eminent  surgeon,  a  native  of 
Edinburgh,  pub.  a  number  of  professional  and  other  works, 
Edin.,  1778-92.  His  principal  work  is  A  System  of  Sur 
gery,  Edin.,  8vo.  Vol.  1,  1783;  2  and  3,  1784;  4,  1785; 
5,  1787 ;  6,  1788.  7th  edit.,  1801,  in  7  vols.,  trans,  into 
French  by  Bosquillon,  Paris,  1796,  6  vols.  8vo;  into  Ger 
man  by  E.  G.  Hebenstreit,  Leipsig,  1784-89,  7  vols.  8vo: 
again  in  1792-99,  and  1804-10,  8vo.  His  first  work,  Trea 
tise  on  the  Theory  and  Management  of  Ulcers,  Edin.,  1778, 
8vo,  reached  its  7th  edit,  in  1801.  Trans,  into  German 
and  French. 

"  His  System  of  Surgery  for  a  long  time  held  the  first  place  in 
Medical  libraries,  and  may  still  be  referred  to  with  advantage,  as 
it  affords  a  true  picture  of  the  state  of  the  art  at  his  time,  and 
does  the  author  credit  for  his  endeavours  to  divest  it  of  the  useless 
machinery  with  which  it  was  then  encumbered." 

Essays  on  Agriculture,  Edin.,  1802,  8vo. 

"  These  essays  are  political,  rather  than  practical."— Donaldson's 
Agricult.  Sing. 

Bell,  Benjamin,  of  Wigton.  Con.  to  Med.  Com.,  1789. 

Bell,  Sir  Charles,  1778-1842,  was  a  native  of  Edin 
burgh,  and  Professor  of  Surgery  in  the  university  of  that 
city.  He  settled  in  London  in  1806,  where  he  soon  became 
highly  distinguished  for  skill  and  professional  knowledge. 
System  of  Dissections,  Edin.,  1798-99.  Essay  on  the 
Anatomy  of  Expression  in  Painting,  Lon.,  1806,  4to.  The 
pldtes  for  the  8vo  edit,  have  been  reduced  in  size,  and 
suffer  materially  in  consequence.  The  2d  edit,  of  the  4to 
size  was  pub.  in  1824.  4th  ed.  roy.  8vo,  1847.  The  illus 
trations  of  the  author's  works  were  all  drawn  by  himself. 

"  The  artist,  the  writer  of  fiction,  the  dramatist,  the  man  of  taste 
will  receive  the  present  work  (which  is  got  up  with  an  elegance 
worthy  of  its  subject)  with  gratitude,  and  peruse  it  with  a  lively  and 
increasing  interest  and  delight."— Lon.  Christian  Remembrancer. 

Illustrations  of  the  Great  Operations  of  Surgery :  Tre 
pan,  Hernia,  Amputation,  Aneurism,  and  Lithotomy,  fol 
20  c.  p.  engravings,  1821  and  1841. 

"  This  is  one  of  the  most  important  works  of  its  class.  It  is 
needless  to  say  that  Sir  Charles  Bell  stands  in  the  very  first  rank 
of  practical  contributors  to  the  scientific  literature  of  this  country  " 

Anatomy  of  the  Brain,  1811,  4to.  Diseases  of  the  Ure 
thra,  Ac.,  3d  ed.,  with  Notes  by  John  Shaw,  1822,  8vo. 
I  he  Hand,  its  Mechanism  and  Vital  Endowments,  as  evinc 
ing  Design,  Lon.,  1833,  8vo.  This  is  the  fourth  Bridge- 
water  Treatise. 

The  book  affords  a  great  deal  to  interest  and  instruct  the  mind, 
»!?  1?TJ~  _**»  by,a  Promise  of  much  rational  amusement,  to 

susceptible  of  such 


man,  to 


studies  that  may  not  apj 

a  purpose."— Lon.  Monthly  Review. 

"  Sir  Charles  enters  into  the  whole  physical  system  of 
the  exposition  of  which  who  can  be  more  competent  r'—Lon.  Quar 
terly  Review. 

"  He  has  by  a  series  of  experiments,  performed  more  than  twen 
ty-two  years  ago,  determined  many  important  questions  relative  to 
the  functions  of  the  nervous  system." 

159 


BEL 


BEL 


See  his  Nervous  System  of  the  Human  Body,  &c.,  3d 
ed.,  1844,  8vo,  and  other  works.  But  Alexander  Walker 
in  The  Nervous  System,  Lon.,  1814,  speaking  of  his  own 
early  discoveries,  declares  that  the  more  recent  doctrine  of 
Bell,  Magendie,  <fcc.,  is  a  plagiarism  upon  him, 

"  An  inversion  and  a  blunder,  associated  with  useless  experi 
ments,  which  they  hare  neither  understood  nor  explained." 

"  You  are  a  bold  man,  Mr.  Walker,  and  it  is  to  be  feared  you 
think  too  favourably  of  yourself.  It  may  be  true  what  you  say, 
but  modesty  and  genius  are  very  usually  twins." — Lon.  Monthly 
Review,  1833. 

Institutes  of  Surgery,  1837,  2  vols.  p.  8vo.  For  a  notice 
of  other  works  of  this  eminent  Surgeon,  see  Memoir  in 
Lon.  Gent.  Mag.,  July,  1842. 

Bell,  George.     Sermon,  1713-18. 

Bell,  George.    Assize  Sermon,  1722,  etc. 

Bell,  George.     On  Cancer,  Lon.,  1788,  Svo. 

Bell,  George.     On  Cow  Pox,  Edin.,  1802,  12mo. 

Bell,  George.  Rejoice  and  do  Good;  or  the  Road  to 
Happiness :  a  Charity  Sermon,  1805,  Svo. 

Bell,  George  Joseph,  1770-1847,  brother  to  Sir 
Charles.  Legal  treatises.  Commentaries  on  the  Laws  of 
Scotland,  and  on  the  Principles  of  Mercantile  Jurispru 
dence  ;  5th  ed.,  Edin.,  1826,  2  vols.  4to. 

"  If  we  were  required  to  point  out  the  work  in  our  language 
which  approaches  more  nearly  than  all  others  to  the  beau  ideal  of 
an  elementary  treatise  in  jurisprudence,  combining  the  various 
requisites  of  theory  and  practice,  in  the  most  perfect  harmony,  we 
should,  without  hesitation,  name  Bell's  Commentaries  on  the  Laws 
of  Scotland." 

Mr.  Bell's  works  are  highly  esteemed.  His  Treatise  on 
the  Law  of  Bankruptcy  in  Scotland,  2  vols.  Svo,  Edin., 
1804,  is  said  to  have  been  the  first  general  treatise  written 
upon  the  law  of  Bankruptcy  in  Scotland. 

Bell,  Henry.    Original  of  Painting,  Lon.,  1728,  Svo. 

Bell,  Henry  Glasford,  formerly  founder  and  editor 
of  Edinburgh  Literary  Journal,  1830-32,  author  of  Poems, 
1829.  Life  of  Mary  Queen  of  Scots,  Svo,  1840.  Has  been 
SheriflT-Substitute  of  Lanarkshire,  Scotland,  under  Sir  A. 
Alison,  for  the  last  twenty-five  years. 

Bell,  Henry  Nugent.  Huntingdon  Peerage,  Lon., 
1820,  4to. 

"  The  genealogical  account  of  the  family  is  wholly  composed  from 
the  most  authentic  sources,  and  the  singular  circumstances  attend 
ing  the  establishment  of  the  claim  to  the  title  of  Huntingdon, 
which  had  been  unclaimed  for  nearly  thirty  years,  are  detailed 
with  more  spirit  and  vivacity  than  truth."— LOWNDES. 

Bell,  J.,  Lt.  Col.     Defence  on  his  Trial,  1810. 

Bell,  J.  A  Practical  Treatise  on  the  Game  Laws,  Ac., 
Lon.,  1839,  12mo. 

"  The  author  has  arranged  his  matter  well ;  selected  his  cases 
with  discretion ;  prepared  his  forms  correctly ;  and.  on  the  whole, 
produced  a  work  extremely  creditable  to  his  industry." — Marvin's 
Legal  Bibl. 

Bell,  J.  S.  Journal  of  a  Residence  in  Circassia  dur 
ing  the  years  1837,  '38,  '39,  Lon.,  1840,  2  vols.  Svo. 

"  An  exciting  and  well-told  narrative  of  the  Circassian  struggle 
for  independence  against  the  Russians." 

Bell,  James.  Translated  into  English  several  works 
in  favour  of  the  Reformation ;  pub.  Lon.,  1578,  '79,  '80,  '81. 

Bell,  James.  Sermons  preached  before  the  University 
of  Glasgow,  Lon.,  1790,  Svo. 

Bell,  James.  Con.  to  Med.   Facts,  1800. 

Bell,  James,  1769-1833.  A  System  of  Popular  and 
Scientific  Geography,  6  vols.,  etc. 

"  Nothing  can  exceed  the  interest  and  the  value  of  this  work  of 
Mr.  Bell ;  indeed,  as  a  System  of  Geography,  it  has  no  rival  in  this 
country." — Dublin  University  Mag. 

"The  author  of  this  System  of  Geography  is  certainly  one  of  the 
first  critical  geographers  in  this  country.  It  is  the  best  work  on  Geo 
graphy  in  the  English  language." — Edin.  Jour,  of  Nat.  and  Geog.  Set. 

Bell,  Major  James.  Chronological  Tables  of  Uni 
versal  Hist,  to  End  of  Reign  of  Geo.  HI.,  Lon.  1820,  r.  foL 

Bell,  John.   Gratiarum  Actio,  etc.,  Edin.,  1590, 16mo. 

Bell,  John.     Farewell  Sermon,  Lon.,  1743,  Svo. 

Bell,  John.     Assize  Sermon,  1761. 

Bell,  John,  of  Autermony,  1691-1780.  Travels 
from  St.  Petersburg  in  Russia  to  divers  parts  of  Asia, 
Glasg.,  1763,  2  vols.  4to;  Dublin,  1764;  Edin.,  1788,  and 
1806;  also  in  the  7th  vol.  of  Pinkerton's  Collection  of 
Voyages  and  Travels. 

"  The  best  model  for  travel-writing  in  the  English  language." — 
Lon.  Quarterly  Review. 

Bell,  John.  System  of  English  Grammar,  Glasg.,  1769. 

Bell,  John.  New  Pantheon,  or  Historical  Dictionary 
of  the  Gods,  Demi-Gods,  Heroes,  and  Fabulous  Personages 
of  Antiquity,  2  vols.  4to,  plates,  Lon.,  1790. 

"  It  is  copious  and  generally  correct,  and,  on  the  whole,  very 
faithfully  and  very  judiciously  compiled." — Lon.  Montfi.  Rev. 

"  An  excellent  and  useful  compilation." — LOWNDES. 

Mr.  Bell  also  pub.  A  Dictionary  of  Religion,  1815,  and 
Lectures  on  the  Church  Catechism,  1816,  12mo. 
160 


Bell,  John,  M.D.,  d.  1801.  Diseases  of  Soldiers,  Ac., 
Lon.,  1791,  Svo. 

Bell,  John,  1763-1820,  a  celebrated  surgeon  of  Edin 
burgh,  brother  to  Sir  Charles  Bell,  (v.  ante.)  System  of 
the  Anatomy  of  the  Human  Body:  vol.  i.,  Edin.,  1793 ;  ii., 
1797;  iii.,  1802;  iv.,  1804;  last  two  in  conjunction  with 
Sir  Charles  Bell ;  6th  edit,  of  the  whole,  1826.  Trans,  into 
German  by  J.  C.  A.  Heinroth  and  J.  C.  Rosenmuller,  Leip- 
sig,  1806-07,  2  vols.  Svo.  A  volume  of  Engravings  to 
illustrate  the  structure  of  the  Bones,  Muscles,  and  Joints, 
Lon.,  1790,  4to ;  and  again  in  1808,  Drawings  by  Mr.  Bell  ; 
a  vol.  to  illustrate  the  Arteries,  in  the  same  manner,  by  Sir 
C.  Bell,  in  1801,  Svo,  and  in  1806  and  '11.  Illustrations 
of  the  Brains  and  Nerves,  by  Sir  C.  Bell,  2  vols.  4to,  1802-03. 

Mr.  Bell's  ill  health  obliged  him  to  visit  Italy;  and  he  d. 
of  dropsy,  at  Rome,  April  15, 1820.  In  1825,  Mrs.  Bell  pub. 
his  Observations  on  Italy  from  notes  made  during  his  tour. 

"  His  picturesque  descriptions  of  the  country  are  fresh  and  de 
lightful  landscapes ;  while  his  remarks  on  the  pictorial  and  sculp 
tured  treasures  of  Italy  are  replete  with  feeling  and  judgment, 
without  the  cant  of  the  connoisseur  or  the  servile  repetition  of  the 
guide-instructed  tourist." — Lon.  Lit.  Gaz. 

Bell,  John,  b.  1800,  a  celebrated  sculptor,  has  pub. 
Compositions  from  the  Liturgy,  and  Free-Hand  Drawing- 
Book  for  the  Use  of  Artisans. 

Bell,  John,  M.D.,  b.  1796,  in  Ireland,  settled  in  U.  S. 
1810 ;  grad.  Univ.  Penn.  1817.  1.  Baths  and  Min.  Waters, 
Phila.,  1831.  2.  Health  and  Beauty,  1838.  3.  Regimen 
and  Longevity,  1842.  4.  Lectures  on  the  Prac.  of  Physic; 
4th  ed.,  1848.  5.  Baths  and  the  Water  Regimen,  1849. 
6.  Min.  and  Thermal  Springs  of  the  U.  States  and  Canada, 
1855.  Dr.  B.  was  a  lecturer  for  many  years  on  the  Institutes 
of  Medicine,  <fcc.  in  the  Phila.  Med.  Inst.,  and  for  two  years 
Prof,  of  the  Theory  and  Practice  of  Medicine  in  the  Med. 
Coll.  of  Ohio.  Since  1829  has  contributed  to,  and  edited 
|  some  of,  the  leading  medical  journals  of  the  U.  States. 

Bell,  John  Gray,  bookseller,  Manchester,  Eng.  Essay 
on  the  Constitution  and  Government  of  Eng.,  1845, 12mo. 
Descriptive  and  Critical  Catalogue  of  Works  illustrated  by 
Thomas  and  John  Bewick;  with  notices  of  their  pupils  and 
other  wood-engravers,  imp.  Svo,  illustrated :  20  copies,  large 
paper,  imp.  4to,  1851.  Genealog.  Account  of  the  Descendants 
of  Gaunt,  Duke  of  Lancaster,  large  foL,  portraits  and  plate 
of  arms.  Printed  for  private  circulation  only,  1855. 

Bell ,  Robert.    Case  of  Legitimacy,  1811,  Edin.,  1825. 

Bell,  Robert.  Rerum  Hispanicarum  Scrip  to  res  ali 
quot,  Francf.,  1578,  2  vols.  fol. 

Bell,  Robert.     Con.  to  Med.  Com.,  1786. 

Bell,  Robert.    Peasantry  in  Ireland,  Lon.,  1804,  Svo. 

Bell,  Robert,  b.  1800,  at  Cork,  Ireland.  Hist,  of  Rus 
sia  ;  in  Lardner's  Cab.  Cyc.,  Lon.,  1836-38,  3  vols.  12mo. 
Lives  of  English  Poets ;  in  do.,  Lon.,  1839,  2  vols.  12mo. 
Lives  of  Eng.  Dramatists,  by  R.  B.,  Dr.  Dunham,  <fcc.,  in 
Lardner's  Cab.  Cyc.,  Lon.,  1837,  2  vols.  12mo.  Hearts  and 
Altars,  3  vols.  p.  Svo.  Ladder  of  Gold,  1857,  3  vols.  p.  Svo, 
and  12mo.  Wayside  Pictures  through  France,  &c.,  Svo. 

Bell,  Lt.-Col.  Robert.  Management  of  Guns,  Lon., 
1809,  Svo. 

Bell,  Robert,  Jr.  Legal  Works,  Edin.,  1792-1814. 
Diet,  of  the  Law  of  Scotland,  enlarged  by  William  Bell. 

Bell,  S.D.  Sheriff  in  N.  Hampshire,  Cone.,  1843, 12mo. 

Bell,  S.  S.  The  Law  of  Property  as  arising  from  the 
relation  of  Husband  and  Wife,  Lon.,  1849,  Svo. 

Bell,  Susanna.  Her  Legacy;  or,  Experience  about 
Conversion,  Lon.,  1673,  Svo. 

Bell,  Sydney.  Ct.  of  Session,  1808-33,  Edin.,  1834, 4to. 
Reps.  Scotch  Appeals,  H.  of  Lords,  1842-50,  7  vols.  r.  Svo. 

Bell,  or  Bel,  Thomas,  author  of  several  controversial 
works  against  the  R.  Catholics.  Motives  concerning  Romish 
Faith  and  Religion,  Camb.,  1593,  4to;  reprinted  1605. 

"  In  which  motives  the  chief  grounds  of  Papistry  are  not  only 
shaken,  but  the  bulwark  thereof  is  beaten  down  as  no  Papist  in 
the  world  is  or  shall  be  able  to  stand  in  denial  of  the  same."— 
Strype's  Annals. 

Anatomic  of  Popish  Tyrannie,  Lon.,  1603,  4to. 

"Interesting  for  the  notices  it  affords  of  many  distinguished 
Jesuits  in  England  during  the  reign  of  Elizabeth."— LOWNDES. 

Bell  was  engaged  in  controversy  with  the  notorious 
Robert  Parsons :  for  a  list  of  their  pamphlets,  see  Lowndes's 
Brit.  Librarian,  p.  1054. 

Bell,  Thomas,  b.  1792.  Hist,  of  British  Quadrupeds, 
with  nearly  200  illustrations,  1837,  Svo. 

"  Nothing  remains  to  be  added  but  an  assurance  as  strong  as  our 

critical  character  can  warrant,  that,  without  an  inspection  and 

perusal  of  the  work,  no  one  can  believe  how  rich  it  is  in  useful  and 

entertaining  knowledge,  or  how  graphically  and  exquisitely  it  is 

I  embellished."— Lon.  Monthly  Rev. 

History  of  British  Reptiles,  1839,  Svo.  Monograph  of 
the  Testudinata,  7  Pts.  fol.,  1836.  Hist,  of  British  Stalk- 
eyed  Crustacea,  Svo,  1853. 


BEL 

Bell,  Thomas.  Antiquitatum  Romanorum  Compen 
dium,  Glasg.,  1672,  12mo,  Lon.,  1677. 

"  A  very  brief  compendium,  highly  extolled  by  contemporary 
versifiers." 

Survey  of  Popery,  1696,  4to. 
Bell,  Thomas.     Charity  Sermon,  1719,  8vo. 
Bell,  Thomas.  Con.  to  Med.  Com.,  1774. 
Bell,  Thomas.     Military  First  Principles,  Lon.,  1770. 
Bell,  W.     Latin  and  Greek  Grammar,  1775,  12mo. 
Bell,  William,  1625-1683,  Archdeacon  of  St.  Alban's, 
was  elected  scholar  of  St.  John's  College,  Oxford,  and  after 
wards  Fellow.     Sermons,  1661,  '72,  '78. 

"  Leaving  behind  him  a  precious  name  among  his  parishioners 
for  his  charity,  preaching,  and  other  matters,  of  which  they  could 
not  speak  enough."— Atlien.  Own. 

Bell,  William.  Excellency,  &c.  of  Patience,  Lon., 
1674,  8vo. 

Bell,  William.  Con.  to  Phil.  Trans.  1793. 
Bell,  William.     Stream  of  Time,  Lon.,  1810,  8vo. 
German  Literature,  1811.  12mo. 

Bell,  William.     A   Dictionary  and   Digest  of  the 
Laws  of  Scotland,  &c.,  Edin.,  1838,  8vo. 
"  A  useful  work,  compiled  from  the  best  sources." 
Bell,  William,  1731-1816,  prebendary  of  Westmin 
ster,  and  treasurer  of  St.  Paul's,  was  a  student  and  Fellow 
of  Magdalen  College,  Cambridge.     He  was  noted  for  his 
liberality  and  general  excellence  of  character.     He  trans 
ferred,  in  1810,  £15,200  three  per  cent,  consols  to  the  Uni 
versity  of  Cambridge,  as  a  foundation  for  eight  new  scholar 
ships,  to  be  bestowed  upon  sons  of  poor  clergymen. 

A  Dissertation  on  the  Causes  which  principally  contri 
bute  to  render  a  Nation  Populous,  [Bachelor's  Prize,]  Lon., 
1756,  4to.  An  Inquiry  into  the  Missions  of  John  the  Bap 
tist  and  Jesus  Christ,  1761,  8vo,  2d  ed.;  with  additions, 
1797.  A  Defence  of  Revelation  in  general,  1765,  8vo.  A 
Sermon  preached  at  the  Consecration  of  Dr.  Thomas,  Bi 
shop  of  Rochester,  1774. 

An  Attempt  to  ascertain  and  illustrate  the  Authority, 
Nature,  and  Design  of  the  Lord's  Supper,  1780,  8vo. 
"  A  most  elaborate  work  on  the  subject." 
This  work  elicited  a  Letter  to  the  author  by  Dr.  Lewis 
Bagot,  1781. 

"This  author  gives  very  different  views  of  the  ordinance  to 
those  of  Dr.  Bell." 

The  Last  Sentiments  of  P.  F.  Le  Courayer,  D.D.,  on  the 
different  doctrines  of  Religion,  with  his  Life,  1787,  8vo. 
The  original  [in  French]  was  given  by  the  author  to  the 
Princess  Amelia,  and  left  to  her  former  chaplain,  Dr.  Bell. 
After  the  doctor's  death  his  Sermons  on  various  subjects 
were  pub.  in  2  vols.,  1817,  8vo. 

"  As  a  compendium  of  Christian  ethics  these  sermons  deserve  a 
place  among  the  best  writers  of  our  language." — LOWNDES. 

"  For  well  digested  thought,  and  perspicuity  of  language ;  for 
an  intimate  survey  of  the  human  heart  through  all  its  windings; 
for  accuracy,  strength,  and  sedateness  of  reasoning,  they  can 
scarcely  be  surpassed." — British  Critic. 

Bishop  Watson,  also,  recommends  the  works  of  Dr.  Bell. 
Bellamie,  John.     Commonalty  of  London,  1727. 
Bellamont,  Lord.   Letter  to  Earl  of  Shelburne,  1783. 
Bellamy,  D.     Poems,  1722;  Miscellany,  1725. 
Bellamy,  D.   Theolog.  Works,  Lon.,  1743,  '44,  '56,  '76. 
Bellamy,  Eliz.     Y.  Lady's  Assistant,  1802,  12mo. 
Bellamy,  George  Anne,  1733-1788,  an  actress  of 
note.     Apology  for  her  Life,  6  vols.,  1785,  12mo.     Said  to 
have  been  drawn  up  by  Alexander  Bicknell,  editor  of 
Carver's  Travels  in  Africa.     Memoirs  of  George  Anne  Bel 
lamy,  by  a  Gentleman,  1785,  12mo.     But  little  more  than 
an  abridgment  of  the  Apology. 

Bellamy,  James  W.  Concordance  to  the  Holy  Bible, 
4to.  Designed  to  accompany  any  quarto  Bible,  but  parti 
cularly  that  edited  by  Drs.  Doyly  and  Mant,  being  adapted 
to  the  maps  and  notes  of  that  edition. 

Bellamy,  John.  The  Holy  Bible,  newly  translated 
from  .he  original  Hebrew,  with  Notes  critical  and  explana 
tory,  Lon.,  1818-21,  4to. 

"'Three  parts  only  of  this  new  translation  have  been  published. 
The  arrogant  claims  of  the  author,  and  his  extravagancies  of  in 
terpretation,  have  been  exposed  in  the  Quarterly  Review,  vols.  xix. 
pp.  -250-280,  and  xxiii.  pp.  290-325 ;  in  the  Eclectic  Review,  vol.  x 
N.  S.,  pp.  1-20,  130-150,  280-299;  in  the  Anti-Jacobin  Review,  vol 
liv.  pp.  97-103,  193-207,  305-316;  in  Mr.  Whitaker's  Historical  and 
Critical  Inquiry  into  the  Interpretation  of  the  Hebrew  Scriptures, 
and  Supplement  to  it,  8vo,  Cambridge,  1819-20 ;  in  Professor  Lee's 
Letter  to  Mr.  Bellamy,  Cambridge,  1821 ;  and  last,  though  not 
least  in  value,  in  Mr.  Hymen  Hurwitz's  Vindicise  Hebraicse,  Lon 
don,  1821,  8vo."— Home's  Introduction. 

'•  We  find  him  to  be  a  person  whose  arrogance,  presumption,  and 
contempt  of  others,  are  perfectly  intolerable;  who  proceeds  in  a 
rash  and  wild  spirit  of  innovation,  setting  aside,  on  the  authority 
of  his  own  assertion,  the  decisions  of  the  learned  and  wise,  and 
hazarding  statements  of  the  most  intrepid  kind  on  the  slenderest 
foundations.  His  knowledge  of  the  Hebrew  consists  in  little  more 
than  a  common  acquaintance  with  the  meaning  of  the  roots  and 


BEL 

,he  more  ordinary  and  obvious  rules  of  Grammar,  not  of  the  pe 
culiarities  of  idiom,  and  the  niceties  of  construction ;  he  is,  besides, 
otally  destitute  of  judgment." — Lon.  Quar.  Rev.,  xix.  250-280. 

Mr.  Bellamy  did  not  relish  such  criticism,  and  pub.  Lon., 
1818,  8vo,  A  Reply  to  the  Quarterly  Review ;  a  produc- 
ion  which  is  condemned  by  Rev.  J.  W.  Whitaker  as 

"  An  intemperate  pamphlet,  full  of  the  strangest  and  most  glar- 
ng  inconsistencies."  See  also  Lon.  Quar.  Rev.,  xxiii,  287-325. 

"  Mr.Whitaker  has  exposed  the  falsehood  of  many  of  Mr.  Bellamy's 
assertions,  and  his  ignorance  of  the  Hebrew  language."— LOWNDES. 

Seldom  has  a  poor  author  been  so  berated.  The  Eclectic 
Reviewers  declared  that  the  appropriate  title  would  be 

The  Hory  Bible  perverted  from  the  original  Hebrew  by  John 
Bellamy." 

And  Mr.  Orme  is  as  little  complimentary  in  the  assur 
ance  that 

Mr.  Bellamy  is  among  the  most  arrogant  of  all  translators, 
and  his  version  the  most  absurd  of  all  translations.  His  work  is 
a  strange  hodge-podge  of  error,  confidence,  misrepresentation,  and 
abuse  of  learned  and  valuable  writers  in  all  the  departments  of 
Biblical  literature."— Bibl.  Bib. 

History  of  All  Religions.  New  and  enlarged  ed.,  Lon., 
1813,  12mo.  The  Ophion,  <fec.,  Lon.,  1811,  8vo. 

Bellamy,  Joseph,  D.D.,  1719-1790,  a  native  of 
Connecticut.  True  Religion  Delineated,  1750.  The  Na- 
,ure  and  Glory  of  the  Gospel.  Letters  and  Dialogues  be 
tween  Theron,  Paulinas,  and  Aspasio  upon  the  Nature 
of  Love  to  God,  Faith  in  Christ,  and  Assurance  of  a  Title 
to  Eternal  Life,  1761,  12mo.  Works  in  3  vols.,  1811; 
since  in  2  vols.,  by  the  Boston  Tract  and  Book  Society,  8vo. 
"  Mr.  Bellamy  is  an  original  and  striking  writer,  but  taking  the 
barder  features  of  religion,  without  the  winning  and  loving  grace 
of  the  gospel.  He  is  useful  in  showing  the  danger  of  Antinomian 
perversions.  There  is  great  decisiveness,  marking  the  confidence 
of  a  man  who  feels  the  truth."— BICKEKSTETH. 

"  His  ability  to  illustrate  the  truths  of  the  gospel,  and  to  trace 
them  through  all  connections  and  dependencies,  and  to  impress 
them  on  the  conscience  and  heart,  has  been  possessed  by  few." 

"  The  author's  leading  object  is  to  discriminate  between  the  law 
and  the  gospel,  and  to  define  and  illustrate  the  duties  which  they 
respectively  require.  We  hope  the  circulation  of  this  work  will 
be  as  extensive  as  the  contents  are  interesting  and  important,  and 
that  students  of  divinity,  especially,  will  avail  themselves  of  the 
information  which  it  contains." — Evangelical  Mag. 

Bellamy,  Thomas.  A  Caveat  to  Kings,  Princes, 
and  Prelates,  not  to  trust  to  a  set  of  pretended  Protestants 
of  Integrity  ;  showing  that  it  is  impossible  to  be  Presby 
terians  and  not  Rebels,  Lon.,  1662,  8vo.  Bellamy  is  an 
assumed  name ;  see  Bliss's  Wood's  Athen.  Oxon.,  iv.  139. 

Bellamy,  Thomas,  1745-1800,  the  projector  of  The 
Monthly  Mirror,  was  for  20  years  a  hosier  in  London. 
He  pub.  The  Friends,  1789,  8vo.  Miscellanies,  1795,  2 
vols.  8vo.  Sadaski,  or  the  Wandering  Penitent,  1798,  2 
vols.  12mo. 

"  A  novel  in  Dr.  Hawkesworth's  manner,  and  possessing  consi 
derable  merit." 

Bellamy,  William.     Records  in  the  Crown  Office. 

Bellas,  George.     Sermon,  1774-79,  4to. 

Bellenden,  Sir,  or  Dr.,  John.     See  BALLENDEN. 

Bellenden,  William,  more  generally  known  by  his 
Latin  name  of  Gulielmus  Bellendenus,  a  native  of  Scot 
land,  humanity  professor  at  Paris  in  1602. — DEMPSTER. 
James  VI.  appointed  him  Magister  Supplicum  Libellorum, 
t.  e.  Reader  of  Petitions.  He  resided  chiefly  at  Paris. 
In  1608  he  pub.  Ciceronis  Princeps ;  an  exposition  of  the 
duties  of  a  ruler,  illustrated  by  the  precepts  of  Cicero :  to 
this  piece  is  prefixed  De  Processu  et  Scriptoribus  Rei  Poli- 
tfcse.  In  1612  was  pub.  his  Ciceronis  Consul  Senator 
Senatusque  Romanus;  to  the  2d  ed.  of  this  dissertation, 
pub.  in  1616,  was  appended  the  Liber  de  Statu  Prisci 
Orbis. 

"  The  first  two  books  are,  in  a  general  sense,  political ;  the  last 
relates  entirely  to  the  Roman  polity,  but  builds  much  political 
precept  on  this.  Bellenden  seems  to  have  taken  a  more  compre 
hensive  view  of  history  in  his  first  book,  and  to  have  reflected 
more  philosophically  on  it  than  perhaps  any  one  had  done  before ; 
at  least,  I  do  not  remember  any  work  of  so  early  an  age  which  re 
minds  me  so  much  of  Vico  and  the  Grandeur  et  Decadence  of 
Montesquieu.  We  can  hardly  make  an  exception  for  Bodin,  be 
cause  the  Scot  is  so  much  more  regularly  historical,  and  so  much 
more  concise.  The  first  book  contains  little  more  than  forty  pages. 
Bellenden's  learning  is  considerable,  and  without  that  pedantry 
of  quotation  which  makes  most  books  of  the  age  intolerable.  The 
latter  parts  have  less  originality  and  reach  of  thought."— Hallam's 
Lit.  Mid.  Ages. 

The  three  treatises  were  reprinted  at  London  in  1787, 
with  a  Latin  preface,  by  Dr.  Samuel  Parr ;  in  this  preface, 
Parr  celebrates  Burke,  Fox,  and  Lord  North  as  "the 
three  English  luminaries  in  oratory  and  politics."  The 
idea  was  suggested  by  Bellenden's  De  Tribus  Luminibus 
Romanorum,  a  piece  originally  intended  to  eulogize  Cice 
ro,  Seneca,  and  Pliny.  Only  the  first  part  of  this,  that 
relating  to  Cicero,  appeared  at  Paris,  1634,  folio,  (one 
copy,  1634;)  Bellenden  having  died  before  he  had  time 
to  arrange  his  papers  relating  to  the  other  two.  From 


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this  work  Conyers  Middleton  is  charged  by  Wharton,  in 
his  Essay  011  Pope,  (ii.  p.  324,)  to  have  taken  the  idea  of 
writing  Cicero's  history  in  his  own  words,  and  also  to  have 
taken  the  whole  arrangements  adopted,  without  acknow 
ledgment,  by  himself. 

Dr.  Parr,  in  the  preface  referred  to,  repeats  the  same 
charge.  Of  this  piece  Mr.  Hallam  remarks : 

"The  celebrated  preface  of  the  editor  has  had  the  effect  of 
eclipsing  the  original  author ;  Parr  was  constantly  read  and  talked 
of;  Bellenden  never." 

Mr.  De  Quincey  hardly  permits  even  Parr's  Preface  to 
escape  his  wholesale  castigation  of  the  "Birmingham 
Doctor." 

"Not  one  work  of  Dr.  Parr's  is  extant  which  can,  without 
laughter,  assume  that  important  name.  The  preface  to  Bellenden 
is,  after  all,  by  much  the  weightiest  and  most  regular  composition, 
and  the  least  of  a  fugitive  tract.  Yet  this  is  but  a  jeu  d'esprit,  or 
classical  prolusion.  And  we  believe  the  case  to  be  unexampled, 
that  upon  so  slender  a  basis,  a  man  of  the  world,  and  reputed  a 
man  of  sense,  should  set  up  for  an  author.  Well  might  the  author 
of  the  Pursuits  of  Literature  (1797)  demand—'  What  has  Dr.  Parr 
written  ?'  A  sermon  or  two,  rather  long ;  a  Latin  preface  to  Bel- 
lendenus,  (rather  long,  too,)  consisting  of  a  cento  of  Latin  and 
Greek  expressions  applied  to  political  subjects,  &c." — Philosophical 
Writers. 

But  Dr.  Irving  considers  this  celebrated  Preface  to  be 
worthy  of  high  praise  : 

"  It  is  written  in  a  style  of  elegant  and  powerful  Latinity,  but 
is  too  much  replenished  with  modern  politics,  and,  in  the  opinion 
of  some  readers,  is  not  free  from  a  considerable  mixture  of  pe 
dantry.  It  is,  however,  such  a  composition  as  no  other  English 
man  of  that  period  could  perhaps  have  produced." — Encyc.  Brit. 

And  why  not  ?  All  extravagance,  whether  in  praise  or 
censure,  is  pretty  sure  to  be  incorrect.  The  Preface  gave 
rise  to  several  attacks;  Remarks,  <fcc.,  1787;  Animadver 
sions,  <fcc.,  1788;  The  Parriad,  by  Chapman,  1788;  An 
Epistle,  <fec. 

Hellers,  Fettiplace.  Delineation  of  Universal  Law; 
being  an  abstract  of  an  Essay  towards  deducing  the  ele 
ments  of  Universal  Law,  from  the  principles  of  knowledge 
and  nature  of  things,  in  five  books.  1.  Of  Books  in 
general.  2.  Of  Private  Law.  3.  Of  Criminal  Law.  4. 
Of  the  Law  of  Magistracy.  5.  Of  the  Law  of  Nations, 
Lon.,  1740,  4to;  2d  ed.,  1754. 

"  This  is  a  very  curious  production.  It  can  hardly  be  called  a 
book,  being  merely  a  table  of  the  contents  of  a  proposed  treatise, 
and  containing  nothing  but  the  heads,  of  divisions  under  which 
Sellers  proposed  to  write  a  work  on  Universal  Law.  The  author 
spent  twenty  years  in  studying  his  subject  and  maturing  his  plan. 
It  is  with  a  feeling  of  regret,  mingled  with  something  like  re 
proach,  that  we  find  the  labours  of  twenty  years  so  wasted,  and 
reflect  upon  the  great  expenditure  of  time  and  diligence  that  has 
been  destitute  of  any  useful  result." — Marvin's  Legal  Bibl. 

But  are  twenty  years'  intellectual  entertainment,  and 
habits  of  mental  discipline,  and  acquisition  of  useful 
knowledge,  to  be  counted  for  nothing  ?  In  1759  Mr.  Bel- 
lers  pub.  a  treatise,  (in  4to,)  The  Ends  of  Society. 

Bellers,  Fulk.  Funeral  Sermon  on  J.  Lamotte,  Esq., 
Aid.  of  London,  Lon.,  1656,  4to,  with  portrait  by  Faith- 
orne. 

Bellers,  John,  a  Political  Economist;  author  of 
Proposals  for  Raising  a  College  of  Industry  for  all  useful 
Trades  and  Husbandry,  Lon.,  1696,  4to.  Essays  about 
the  Poor,  Manufactures,  Trade,  Plantation,  and  immoral 
ity,  1699,  4to.  Some  reasons  for  our  European  State, 
Lon.,  1710,  4to.  An  Essay  towards  the  Improvement  of 
Physic,  in  Twelve  Books,  with  an  Essay  for  employing 
the  Poor,  Lon.,  1714,  4to.  An  Essay  for  Employing  the 
Poor  to  profit,  Lon.,  1723,  4to.  An  Epistle  to  W.  Friends, 
concerning  the  Prisons,  and  Sick  in  the  Prisons  and  Hos 
pitals  of  Great  Britain,  Lon.,  1724,  4to.  Abstract  of 
George  Fox's  Advice  and  Warning  to  the  Magistrates 
concerning  the  Poor,  Lon.,  1724,  4to. 

The  philanthropic  character  of  Mr.  Bellers  is  indicated 
by  the  subjects  which  engaged  his  pen.  See  Donaldson's 
Agricult.  Biog. 

Bellew,  Robt.  1.  Trafalgar.  2.  Irish  Peasantry, 
1806-08. 

Bellewe,  Richard.  Legal  Compilations,  etc.,  1585, 
Ac.  Les  Ans  du  Roy  Richard  le  Second,  Lon.,  1585, 
8vo.  This  book  forms  a  substitute  for  the  year  book  of 
that  reign,  which  is  wholly  omitted. 

Bellinger,  Charles.  Thanksgiving  after  Rebellion ; 
a  Sermon  on  Ps.  Ixxv.  1,  1746,  8vo. 

Bellinger,  F.     A  Medical  Work,  Lon.,  1717,  8vo. 
Bellingham,  O'B.     On  Aneurism,  and  its  Treat 
ment  by  Compression,  Lon.,  12mo. 

"  In  our  opinion,  he  has  conferred  a  signal  benefit  upon  the  art 
of  surgery,  by  his  improvement  of  the  mode  of  employing  pres 
sure,  and  upon  the  science  by  his  ingenious  and  philosophical  ex 
position  of  its  operation." — Lon.  Medico-Chirur.  Review. 
Bellington,  Thomas.     Sermon,  1718,  8vo. 
162 


Bellon,  Peter.  Mock  Duellist,  Lon.,  1675,  4to,  Ac. 
Irish  Spaw,  Ac.,  Dub.,  1684,  8vo. 

Belmeis,  or  Beaumes,  Richard  de,  I.,  Bishop 
of  London,  consecrated  1108,  is  said  by  Tanner  to  have 
written  a  treatise  in  verse,  addressed  to  Henry  I.  The 
MS.  was  in  the  Monastery  of  Peterborough. 

Belmeis,  or  Beaumes,  Richard  de,  II.,  Bishop 
of  London,  consecrated  in  1151,  is  mentioned  by  Robert 
Gale  as  the  author  of  Codex  Niger,  or  Black  Book  of  the 
Exchequer. 

Belmeys,  John,  Joannes  Eboracensis,  or  John  of 
York,  of  the  12th  century,  is  said  by  Bale  and  Pits  to 
have  written  32  Letters  to  Thomas  Becket,  An  Invective 
against  the  same,  and  certain  Elegant  Orations;  Leland 
mentions  Aurea  Joannis  Eboracensis  Historia,  but  is  un 
certain  whether  this  John  of  York  is  the  same  with  our 
author.  Indeed,  Leland  "could  not  find  any  thing  cer 
tainly  written"  by  Belmeys. 

Beloe,  Rev.  William,  1756-1817,  was  the  son  of  a 
tradesman  of  Norwich.  After  spending  some  time  under 
the  care  of  the  celebrated  Dr.  Parr  at  Stanmore,  he  en 
tered  Bene't  or  Corpus  Christi,  College,  Cambridge,  where 
he  took  the  degree  of  B.A.  in  1779.  Removing  to  Lon 
don,  in  conjunction  with  Mr.  Nares,  he  established  the 
British  Critic,  as  an  organ  of  what  are  styled  high-church, 
i.  e.  loyal  and  conservative,  principles,  in  opposition  to 
the  dangerous  dogmas  of  the  sympathizers  with  the 
French  Revolution.  In  1796  he  was  presented  to  the  rec 
tory  of  Allhallows,  London-wall.  In  1797  Bishop  Pretty- 
man  collated  him  to  a  stall  in  Lincoln  Cathedral ;  and  in 
1805  Bishop  Porteus  to  one  in  St.  Paul's.  In  1804  he 
was  appointed  one  of  the  assistant  librarians  to  the  Bri 
tish  Museum.  Mr.  Beloe's  publications  are  the  following: 
An  Ode  to  Miss  Boscawen,  4to,  1783.  Trans,  of  the  Rape 
of  Helen,  with  notes,  4to,  1786.  Poems  and  Translations, 
8vo,  1788.  The  History  of  Herodotus,  from  the  Greek, 
with  notes,  4  vols.  8vo,  1799.  Trans,  of  Alciphron's 
Epistles,  1791.  Trans,  of  the  Attic  Nights  of  Aulus  Gel- 
lius,  1795. 

"  An  excellent  and  the  only  translation  of  a  difficult  and  in 
structive  author." — HARWOOD. 

"  The  Commonplace  Book  of  an  elegant  scholar,  and  the  most 
amusing  miscellany  of  antiquity,  containing  anecdotes  and  argu 
ments,  scraps  of  history,  pieces  of  poetry,  and  dissertations  on 
various  points  in  philosophy,  geometry,  and  grammar — all  just 
as  noted  down  at  Athens,  in  the  2d  century  after  Christ." 

Miscellanies,  3  vols.  12mo,  1795.  Trans,  of  the  Ara 
bian  Nights'  Entertainments,  from  the  French,  4  vols. 
12mo.  Joseph,  from  the  French  of  M.  Bitaube,  2  vols. 
12mo.  A  Fast  Sermon,  1804.  Anecdotes  of  Literature 
and  Scarce  Books,  6  vols.  8vo,  pub.  1806-12.  Brief  Me 
moirs  of  the  Leaders  of  the  French  Revolution.  Mr. 
Beloe  was  one  of  the  authors  of  the  Biographical  Dic 
tionary,  15  vols.  8vo,  in  which  he  was  assisted  by  Messrs. 
Tooke,  Morrison,  and  Nares.  He  also  contributed  several 
articles  to  the  Gentleman's  Magazine,  and  many  to  the 
British  Critic,  of  which  he  was  the  editor.  After  the  de 
cease  of  Mr.  Beloe  appeared  The  Sexagenarian,  or  the 
Memoirs  of  a  Literary  Life,  2  vols.  8vo,  1817,  written  by 
Mr.  B.,  and  edited  by  a  friend.  This  work  contains  many 
amusing  anecdotes  of  the  author's  literary  contemporaries, 
and  the  freedom  of  his  strictures  is  remarkable.  Mr. 
Lowndes  condemns  it  in  no  measured  terms : 

"  These  volumes  for  presumption,  mis-statement,  and  malignity 
have  rarely  been  exceeded,  or  even  equalled." 

In  the  next  year,  1818,  a  2d  edit,  appeared,  in  which 
many  passages  of  the  1st  were  omitted.  Mr.  B.'s  trans, 
of  Herodotus- has  been  commended  by  M.  Larcher,  whose 
knowledge  of  the  original  will  hardly  be  disputed.  Beloe 
drew  both  from  this  author's  researches,  and  from  the  late 
discoveries  in  Africa.  Classical  critics  are  too  apt  to  de 
spise  modern  illustrations  of  ancient  lore. 

"  A  very  valuable  and  elaborate  performance.  The  language  of 
the  translation  is  smooth  and  elegant;  nor  will  any  but  the  fasti 
dious  critic,  who  is  often  condemned  to  the  drudgery  of  weighing 
words  and  measuring  sentences,  complain  that  it  is  not  sufficiently 
literal.  We  must,  however,  remark  that,  though  in  general  de 
serving  of  the  highest  praise,  we  think  that  Mr.  B.  has  been  more 
diffuse  and  paraph rastical  than  was  necessary ;  but  this  is  a  tri 
fling  defect,  and  let  it  be  remembered,  that  no  translation  ran  V« 
close,  and,  at  the  same  time,  elegant.  In  publishing  this  edition 
of  Herodotus,  it  is  easy  to  perceive  that  the  translator  has  spared 
no  labour.  His  work  is  enriched  with  a  variety  of  learned  and 
amusing  notes.  Wesseling  and  Larcher,  indeed,  supplied  him 
with  much  useful  information  and  critical  sagacity,  but  a  great 
many  facts,  anecdotes,  parallels,  and  illustrations,  have  been  dili 
gently  collected  from  ancient  writers,  modern  travels,  &c.  "he 
work,  therefore,  if  we  mistake  not,  will  be  found  very  complete, 
and  will  prove  a  treasure  of  historical  knowledge  to  readers  ot 
every  description." — Analytical  Review. 

"  The  translation  is  held  in  very  great  esteem,  and  is  justly 
considered  the  best  we  have  of  this  important  historian,  and  very 


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highly  creditable  to  the  talents  of  Mr.  Beloe,  though,  as  a  trans 
lator,  he  too  frequently  loses  sight  of  his  author :  it  is  illustrated 
with  some  very  excellent  selections  of  notes,  which  are  partly  ori 
ginal  and  partly  taken  from  the  writings  of  Major  Kennell,  the 
notes  of  Larcher,  and  other  valuable  publications." — Moss's  Classi 
cal  Bibliography. 

The  Anecdotes  of  Literature  and  Scarce  Books  is  a 
very  valuable  store-house  of  Bibliographical  matter.  It 
has  now  itself  become  a  "  Scarce  Book,"  and  the  Biblio 
grapher  should  not  fail  to  secure  a  copy  when  the  chance 
occurs — which  is  seldom.  The  Anecdotes  had  the  great 
advantage  of  the  careful  revision  and  corrections  of  that 
eminent  judge  of  books,  the  Bishop  of  Ely,  who  died  be 
fore  the  6th  volume  was  published.  The  libraries  and  the 
literary  aid  of  the  Marquis  of  Stafford,  the  Bishop  of 
Rochester,  Mr.  Barnard,  Mr.  Douce,  Mr.  John  Kemble, 
Mr.  Malone,  Mr.  Chalmers,  Mr.  Watt,  and  Mr.  Nares, 
were  placed  at  the  service  of  Mr.  Beloe  whilst  engaged  in 
the  preparation  of  this  work. 

"  A  work  replete  with  entertainment  and  instruction." — Lon. 
Gent.  Mag. 

"  A  work  containing  much  bibliographical  information,  and  ex 
tracts  from  curious  works." — LOWNDES. 

Mr.  Beloe  lost  his  situation  at  the  British  Museum  in 
consequence  of  the  thieving  propensities  of  a  wretch  whom 
he  had  permitted  to  examine  some  of  the  books  and  draw 
ings  belonging  to  the  library.  See  his  account  of  this 
unfortunate  affair  in  Preface  to  the  Anecdotes.  (Copied 
in  Gent's.  Mag.,  1817,  Part  i.)  We  extract  a  few  lines  : 

"  A  man  was  introduced  at  the  Museum,  with  the  sanction  of 
the  most  respectable  recommendation.  I  mention  not  his  name 
— the  wounds  of  his  own  conscience  must  be  so  severe  a  punish 
ment  that  I  shall  not  increase  his  sufferings.  ...  He  proved  to  be 
dishonest;  he  purloined  valuable  property  which  was  in  my  cus 
tody,  and  it  was  thought  that  the  good  government  of  the  insti 
tution  required  my  dismissal." 

Belsham,  James.     Canadin,  Lon.,  1760,  4to. 

lit' Is  ham,  Thomas,  1750-1829,  the  son  of  a  dissent 
ing  minister  at  Bedford,  embraced  in  1789  the  Unitarian 
opinions  of  Dr.  Priestley,  whom  he  succeeded  as  minister 
at  Hackney  when  Priestley  removed  to  America.  The 
Unitarian  Society  for  Promoting  Christian  Knowledge  and 
the  Practice  of  Virtue  was  founded  at  the  suggestion  of 
Mr.  Belsham.  Mr.  B.  pub.  many  occasional  sermons.  A 
number  of  his  Discourses  Doctrinal  and  Practical  were 
pub.  in  2  vols. ;  also  Discourses  on  the  Evidence  of  the 
Christian  Religion ;  Elements  of  Logic  and  Mental  Philo 
sophy;  A  Calm  Review  of  the  Scripture  Doctrine  con 
cerning  the  Person  of  Christ,  including  a  brief  Review  of 
the  Controversy  between  Dr.  Horsley  and  Dr.  Priestley, 
Lon.,  1811,  8vo;  Memoirs  of  the  late  T.  Lindsey,  <fcc., 
Lon.,  1812.  8vo;  A  Review  of  American  Unitarianism,  <fcc., 
2d  edit.,  1815,  8vo ;  A  Review  of  Mr.  Wilberforce's  Trea 
tise;  this  work  was  noticed  by  Rev.  Andrew  Fuller,  and 
in  the  Appendix  to  Dr.  Magee's  Discourses  on  the  Atone 
ment;  Letters  to  the  Bishop  of  London,  in  Vindication  of 
the  Unitarians,  Lon.,  1815,  8vo. 

"  Mr.  Belsham  seems  to  be  as  deeply  infected  as  any  man  with 
the  itch  for  writing.  Seldom  a  year  passes  without  his  sending 
forth  two  or  three  treatises.  What  degree  of  circulation  these 
may  obtain  among  his  partizans,  we  have  no  means  of  knowing ; 
but  certainly,  as  to  the  public  at  large,  they  fall  nearly  still-born 
from  the  press.  ...  He  has  shewn,  as  is  customary  with  him,  some 
adroituess  in  misunderstanding  and  perverting  expressions"— 
Lon.  Quarterly  Review. 

Mr.  B.  had  an  important  share  in  the  New  Testament 
in  an  Improved  Version,  upon  the  basis  of  Abp.  Newcome's 
New  Translation,  with  Notes  Critical  and  Explanatory 
Lon.,  1808,  8vo. 

"It  pretends  to  be  placed  upon  the  basis  of  Abp.  Newcome's, 
by  which  it  is  basely  insinuated  that  the  primate  was  a  Socinian 
Nothing  can  be  more  false.  Abp.  Newcome's  translation  is  strictly 
orthodox  on  all  the  great  points  relating  to  the  divinity  and  atone 
ment  of  Christ." — LOWNDES. 

"  Evidently  prepared  by  persons  without  sufficient  scholarship 
for  any  real  improvement." — Rose's  Biog.  Diet. 

"  It  mangles  and  misrepresents  the  original  text,  perverts  the 
meaning  of  its  most  important  terms,  and  explains  away  all  that 
is  valuable  in  the  doctrinal  system  of  Christianity."— ORME. 

The  Improved  Version  was  also  reviewed  by  Archbp. 
Lawrence,  Dr.  Nares,  Rev.  T.  Rennell,  Chas.  Danberry 
John  Sevan,  and  Robert  Halley.  See  Lowndes's  Brit. 
Librarian,  p.  219. 

The  Epistles  of  Paul  the  Apostle  translated ;  with  an 
Exposition  and  Notes,  1822,  4  vols.  8vo. 

•This  is  one  of  the  most  elaborate  performances  on  the  Bible 
which  for  many  years  have  issued  from  the  Unitarian  press.  Mr. 
lirlshum  has  been  long  known  as  one  of  the  chief  leaders  of  that 
party  in  England,  and  as  one  of  the  principal  authors  of  the  Im 
proved  \ersion  of  the  New  Testament.  The  translation  of  the 
Epistles  of  Paul  is  constructed  on  the  visionary  scheme  of  inter 
pretation  of  Dr.  Taylor  of  Norwich.  The  tendency  of  the  work  is 
to  subvert  all  those  sentiments  respecting  sin  which  are  calcu 
lated  to  affect  the  mind  with  pain,  and  those  views  of  the  Deity 
and  atonement  of  Christ  which  are  fitted  to  afford  relief  M? 


Belsham  uses  great  freedom  with  the  readings  of  the  original  text, 
and  still  greater  with  the  principles  of  enlightened  interpretation. 
He  shows  rather  what  the  New  Testament  should  be.  in  the  opinion 
of  a  Socinian,  than  what  it  really  is.  The  work  is  full  of  erroneous 
doctrines,  incorrect  learning,  affected  candour,  and  forced  interpre 
tation."—  Orme's  Bibl.  Bib. 

Belsham  pub.  some  other  works.  The  Memoirs  of  our 
author  with  correspondence,  <fcc.,  was  pub,  Lon.,  1833,  8vo, 
by  John  Williams. 

Belsham,  William,  1753-1827,  younger  brother  of 
the  preceding,  was  author  of  a  number  of  historical  and 
political  treatises.  Essays,  philosophical,  historical,  and 
literary,  Lon.,  1789-91,  2  vols.  8vo,  several  editions. 

"  On  the  whole,  our  general  idea  of  these  Essays  is,  that  they 
discover  more  extent  and  variety,  than  depth,  of  thinking:  but 
that  the  good  sense  and  liberal  spirit  with  which  they  are  written, 
may  render  them  useful  to  young  persons,  in  assisting  them  to 
form  a  habit  of  inquiry  and  reflection." — Lon.  Monthly  Review. 

Observations  on  the  Test  Laws,  1791,  8vo. 

"  We  are  fully  convinced,  with  Mr.  Belsham,  that  the  Test  Laws 
are  not  calculated  for  any  purpose  of  safety,  nor  of  defence,  but 
merely  for  that  of  irritation."— Ibid. 

Historic  Memoir  on  the  French  Revolution,  1791,  8vo. 

"  It  gives  a  concise  and  judicious  summary  of  the  leading  causes 
which  produced,  of  the  interesting  events  which  accompanied,  and 
of  the  principal  regulations  which  followed,  the  revolution." — Ibid. 

In  1793  he  pub.  Memoirs  of  the  Kings  of  Great  Britain 
of  the  House  of  Brunswick,  Lunenburg,  2  vols.  8vo.  In 
1795  appeared  his  Memoirs  of  the  Reign  of  George  III., 
to  the  Session  of  Parliament  ending  1793,  4  vols.  8vo,  5th 
and  6th  vols.,  1801.  In  1798  was  pub.  his  History  of  Great 
Britain,  from  the  Revolution  to  the  Accession  of  the  House 
of  Hanover,  2  vols.  8vo.  These  works  were  incorporated 
under  the  title  of  History  of  Great  Britain,  from  the  Re 
volution  in  1688  to  the  Conclusion  of  the  Treaty  of  Amiens, 
1802,  12  vols.  8vo,  Lon.,  1806. 

"  We  congratulate  the  public  on  the  completion  of  Mr.  Belsham's 
History,  the  only  one  of  the  period  which  deserves  to  be  cherished 
and  read  among  friends  of  civil  liberty,  and  of  the  free  principles 
of  the  Constitution.  The  style  is  clear  and  nervous,  without  dog 
matism,  and  eloquent  without  inflammation ;  while  the  spirit  is 
temperate,  and  the  details  unimpeachable  in  veracity  and  impar 
tiality."—  Lon.  Monthly  Mag. 

Belsham's  History  has  been  honoured  by  the  commen 
dation,  qualified,  indeed,  of  no  less  an  authority  than  Pro 
fessor  Smyth : 

"  Belsham  will,  I  think,  in  like  manner  be  found,  for  a  consider 
able  part  of  his  work,  very  valuable,  spirited,  intelligent,  an  ar 
dent  friend  to  civil  and  religious  liberty,  and  though  apparently  a 
Dissenter,  not  a  Sectarian.  In  his  latter  volumes,  indeed,  from 
the  breaking  out  of  the  late  French  war  in  1793,  he  has  departed 
from  the  equanimity  of  an  historian,  and  has  degenerated  into  the 
warmth,  and  almost  the  rage,  of  a  party  writer.  ...  I  must  ob 
serve,  that  a  very  good  idea  may  be  formed  of  the  general  subjects 
connected  with  this  period,  [reign  of  Anne,]  and  of  the  original 
memoirs  and  documents  which  should  be  referred  to.  by  reading 
the  Appendix  to  Belsham's  History :  it  is  very  well  drawn  up.  .  . 
A  good  general  idea  may  be  formed  of  this  crisis  [union  of  England 
and  Scotland]  from  the  History  of  Belsham.  ...  I  would  recom 
mend  to  my  readers  to  take  the  modern  publication  of  Belsham  [in 
studying  the  political  life  of  Sir  Robert  Walpole]  and  to  read  it  in 
conjunction  with  Coxe;  then  to  refer  occasionally  to  the  two  vo 
lumes  of  the  correspondence  of  Coxe;  and  to  refer  continually  to 
the  Parliamentary  debates,  which  may  be  read  in  Cobbett.  .  .  . 
The  History  of  Belsham  is  a  work,  as  I  have  already  mentioned, 
of  more  merit  than  would  at  first  sight  be  supposed.  But  in  the 
year  1793,  after  the  breaking  out  of  the  French  war,  it  loses  the 
character  of  history,  and  becomes  little  more  than  a  political  pam 
phlet;  and  through  the  whole  of  the  reign  of  his  present  Majesty 
[George  III.]  it  is  so  written,  that  it  must  be  considered  as  a  state 
ment,  whether  just  or  not,  but  certainly  only  as  a  statement,  on  one 
side  of  the  question,  and  must  therefore,  at  all  events,  be  compared 
with  the  statement  on  the  other  side,  that  is,  with  the  History  of 
Adolphus.  .  .  These  histories  [with  reference  to  the  American  war] 
are  drawn  up  on  very  different  principles : — Belsham  conceiving  that 
the  Americans  were  right  in  their  resistance;  Adolphus  thinking, 
certainly  wishing  his  readers  to  think,  that  they  were  entirely 
wrong :  the  one  written  on  what  are  called  Whig,  the  other  on 
Tory,  principles  of  government.  The  one  is,  I  conceive,  sometimes 
too  indulgent  to  the  Congress;  the  other  always  so  to  the  Eng'ish 
ministry.  Belsham,  I  consider  as  by  far  the  most  reasornble  of 
the  two  in  every  thing  that  is  laid  down  respecting  the  American 
War." — Lecture*  on  Modern  History. 

Belson,  Eliz.  Nelson's  Fasts,  Ac.,  abridg.,  Lon., 
1810,  8vo. 

Belt,  Robert.    Legal  works,  Lon.,  1810,  Ac. 

Beltz, George.  Chandos  Peerage  Case,Lon.,1834,8vo 

Belward,  John.     Sermon,  1774,  8vo. 

Belzoni,  John  Baptist,  b.  about  1780,  d.  1823,  a 
native  of  Padua,  in  Italy,  came  to  England  in  1803.  From 
1815  to  1819,  he  was  zealously  engaged  in  exploring  the 
antiquities  of  Egypt.  He  died  of  dysentery  at  Benin  on 
his  way  to  Houssa  and  Timbuctoo.  For  an  interesting 
sketeh  of  his  life,  see  The  Georgian  Era,  iii.  62.  Narra 
tive  of  the  Operations  and  recent  Discoveries  within  the 
Pyramids,  Temples,  Tombs,  and  Excavations  in  Egypt  and 
Nubia,  Lon.,  1820,  4to;  1821,  4to;  and  3d  edit.,  1822,  2 
vols.  8vo. 

163 


BEM 


BEN 


"Whoever  has  read  this  book  (and  who  has  not?)  will  agree 
with  us  in  opinion  that  its  interest  is  derived,  not  less  from  the 
manner  in  which  it  is  written,  the  personal  adventures,  and  the 
picture  it  exhibits  of  the  author's  character,  than  for  its  splendid 
and  popular  antiquarian  researches." — STEVENSON. 

The  credit  of  Belzoni's  discoveries  was  often  stolen  from 
him  by  others.  Read  the  excellent  Address  to  the  Mummy 
in  Belzoni's  Exhibition,  by  Horace  Smith. 

"  Belzoni's  Narrative  is  written  in  a  pure  and  unostentatious 
style,  and  in  a  tone  which  occasionally  approaches  to  the  poetic 
and  sublime." 

Bembridge,  Dr.     Protestant's  Reconciliation,  1687. 
Benbrigge,  John.     Sermon,  Lon.,  1645,  4to. 
Bendish,  Sir  Thomas.     Relation  of  his  Embassy 
to  Turkey,  Lon.,  1648,  4to. 

Bendloe,  or  Benloe,  Wm.  Legal  Reports,  1661, 
Ac.  See  Bridgman's  Legal  Bibl. ;  Marvin's  do.;  Wal 
lace's  Reporters. 

Bendlowes,  or  Benlowes,  Edward,  1602-1676, 
a  native  of  Essex,  was  a  Fellow-commoner  of  St.  John's 
College,  Cambridge.  He  was  of  too  easy  a  nature  for  his 
own  welfare,  and  impoverished  himself  by  lavishing  his 
favours  on  others.  He  patronized  among  others,  Quarles, 
Davenant,  Payne,  and  Fisher.  John  Jenkyns  was  one  of 
his  favourites : 

"  He  was  much  patronized  by  Edward  Benlowes,  Esq.,  who  hav 
ing  written  a  most  divine  poem  entitled  Theophila,  or  Love's  Sa 
crifice,  printed  at  London,  1652,  several  parts  thereof  had  airs  set 
to  them  by  this  incomparable  Jenkyns.  .  .  .  Mr.  Benlowes  in  his 
younger  days  was  a  Papist,  or  at  least  very  Popishly  affected,  and 
in  his  elder  years  a  bitter  enemy  to  that  party." — Athen.  Oxon. 

Mr.  Bendlowes  wrote  a  number  of  other  pieces  both  in 
Latin  and  in  English,  among  which  are,  Sphinx  Theolo- 
gica,  Camb.,  1626,  8vo.  A  Summary  of  Divine  Wisdom 
Lon.,  1657,  4to.  A  glance  at  the  glories  of  Sacred  Friendl 
ship,  Lon.,1657.  Oxonii  Encomium,0xon.,1672,fol.  Oxo- 
nii  Elogia,  Oxon.,  1673.  Oxonii  Elegia.  Truth's  Touch 
Stone;  dedicated  to  his  niece,  Mrs.  Philippa  Blount. 

"  A  whole  canto  of  Theophila,  consisting  of  above  300  verses, 
was  turned  into  elegant  Latin  verse  in  the  space  of  one  day  by  that 
great  prodigy  of  early  parts,  John  Hall  of  Durham,  having  had 
his  tender  affections  ravished  with  that  divine  piece." — Athen.  Oxon. 
Both  Pope  and  Warburton  are  very  severe  in  their  criti 
cisms  upon  our  author.  The  first  tells  us  that 

"  Bendlowes,  propitious  to  blockheads,  bows." 
"  Bendlowes  was  famous  for  his  own  bad  poetry,  and  for  patron 
izing  bad  poets."— WARBURTON. 

"  Theophila  gives  us  a  higher  idea  of  his  piety  than  his  poetical 
talents ;  though  there  are  many  uncommon  and  excellent  thoughts 
in  it.  This  prayer  has  been  deservedly  admired."— GRANGER. 

A  complete  copy  of  Theophila  is  very  rare.  The  one  in 
the  Nassau  sale,  (pt.  i.  437,)  said  to  be  the  most  perfect 
known,  sold  for  no  less  than  £26  5«. 

Benedict,  Biscop,  629  P-690,  an  Anglo-Saxon  monk, 
was  distinguished  for  his  zeal  in  the  encouragement  of 
letters  and  such  arts  as  were  then  known.  He  is  said  to 
have  brought  many  books,  pictures,  <fec.  home  with  him 
from  Rome.  Leland  ascribes  to  him  Concordantia  Regu- 
larum,  a  commendation  of  the  Rules  of  St.  Benedict,  the 
founder  of  the  Benedictines. 

Benedict,  a  monk  of  St.  Peter's,  at  Gloucester,  wrote 
about  1130?  a  Life  of  St.  Dubricuis. —  Wharton's  Anglia 
Sacra. 

Benedict  of  Peterborough,  d.  1193,  was  educated 
at  Oxford.  He  was  keeper  of  the  great  seal  from  1191  to 
1193.  He  wrote  a  Life  of  Becket,  and  De  Vita  et  Gestis 
Henrici  II.  et  Richardi  I.  This  history  was  pub.  by  Tho 
mas  Hearne,  Oxford,  1735,  2  vols.  8vo.  Other  pieces. 

Benedict  of  Norwich,  d.  1340,  was  author  of  Alpha- 
betum  Aristotelis,  Ac. 

Benedict,  David,  D.D.,b.  about  1780;  settled  in  the 
ministry  in  early  life.  In  1813,  pub.  Gen.  Hist,  of  the  Baptist 
Denomination  in  America  and  other  parts  of  the  world,  2 
vols.  8vo  j  new  ed.,  enlarged  and  chiefly  rewritten,  N.  York, 
1848,  r.  8vo.  This  work  is  highly  esteemed  by  the  Baptists 
of  the  U.  States,  and  has  met  with  much  success.  History 
of  all  Religions,  1824,  12mo. 

Benedict,  Erastus  D.,  b.  1800,  in  Connecticut,  grad. 
at  Williams  Coll.,  1821.  Prominent  member  and  Presi 
dent  of  the  Board  of  Education  of  City  of  N.  Y.,  1850- 
54.  Presbyterianism,  a  Review,  1838.  A  Distinguished 
Educational  writer. 

Benedict,  Joel,  of  Connecticut.  Sermon  on  the 
death  of  Dr.  Hart,  1809. 

Benedict,  Noah,  of  Connecticut.  Sermon  on  the 
death  of  Dr.  Bellamy,  1790. 

Item-field,  Sebastian,  1559-1630,  was  a  native  of 
Prestonbury  in  Gloucestershire.  He  was  admitted  a  scholar 
of  Corpus  Christi  College,  Oxford,  when  17  years  of  age, 
took  his  D.D.  in  1608,  and  in  1613  was  chosen  Margaret 
professor  of  divinity.  He  is  styled  by  Leach  "  a  down 


right  and  doctrinal  Cnlvinist."    His  principal  publications 
are,  Eight  Sermons,  Oxf.,  1614,  4to.    Twelve  sermons  upon 
the  10th  chap.  Hebrews,  Oxf.,  1615,  4to.     A  Commentary 
upon  1st  chap,  of  Ainos,  in  21  Sermons,  Oxf.,  1613,  4to. 
1  Trans,  in  Latin  by  Henry  Jackson  of  Corpus  Christi  Col 
lege,  and  printed  at  Oppenheim  in  1615,  8vo.     A  Com- 
i  mentary  on  the  2d  chap,  of  Amos,  in  21  Sermons,  Lon., 
!  1720,  4to.     A  Commentary  on  the  3d  chap,  of  Amos  Lon ' 
j  1629,  4to. 

"  He  was  a  person  for  piety,  strictness  of  life,  and  sincere  con 
versation,  incomparable.  He  was  also  so  noted  an  humanitarian 
disputant,  and  theologist,  that  he  had  scarce  his  equal  in  the  uni 
versity." — Athen.  Oxon. 

Benese,  Sir  Richard  de.  Boke  of  Measurynge  of 
Lande,  Lon.,  1535-38,  and  an  edition  sine  anno. 

Benet,  B.,  a£i  00  W.  Fitch.  Rule  of  Perfection,  re 
ducing  the  whole  Spiritual  Life  to  this  one  point,  the  Will 
of  God,  1609,  8vo. 

Benet,  Gilbert.     Sermons,  1746-54,  8vo. 
Benezet,  Anthony,  1713-1784.     This  good  man,  a 
native  of  St.  Quentin's,  France,  was  a  resident  of  England 
and  America  from  the  age  of  two  years;  hence  we  give 
him  a  place  in  our  list.     He  pub.  several  works,  princi- 
j  pally  tracts,  upon  the  topics  which  enlisted  his  philanthro 
pic  feelings.   A  Caution  to  Great  Britain  and  her  Colonies, 
|  relative  to  enslaved  Negroes  in  the  Brit.  Dominions,  1767, 
1  8vo.    Some  Historical  Account  of  Guinea,  with  an  enquiry 
into  the  rise  and  progress  of  the  Slave  Trade,  its  nature, 
and  lamentable  effects,  Lon.,  1772,  8vo.     A  Short  Account 
of  the  Religious  Society  of  Friends,  [of  which  sect  Mr.  B. 
was  an  exemplary  member,]  1780. 

"  The  writings  of  this  distinguished  philanthropist  first  awak 
ened  the  attention  of  Clarkson  and  "Wilberforce  to  the  subject  of 
the  Slave  Trade :— " 
So  true  is  it  that 

"  Words  are  things ;  and  a  small  drop  of  ink, 
Falling,  like  dew,  upon  a  thought,  produces 
That  which  makes  thousands,  perhaps  millions,  think." 

BYRON. 

Benger,  Elizabeth  Ogilvy,  1778-1827,  a  native  of 
Wells  in  England,  evinced  a  strong  literary  taste  under 
many  discouragements.  At  the  age  of  13  she  pub.  The 
Female  Geniad;  a  Poem,  Lon.,  1791,  4to.  The  Abolition 
of  the  Slave  Trade,  a  Poem,  was  pub.  1809,  4to.  The 
Heart  and  the  Fancy;  or  Valsenore;  a  Tale,  1813,  2  vols. 
12mo.  Klopstock  and  his  Friends,  1814,  2  vols.  12mo. 
Memoirs,  etc.,  of  Mrs.  Eliz.  Hamilton,  1818,  2  vols.  Me 
moirs  of  Mary,  Queen  of  Scots,  <fec.,  1822,  Svo,  2  vols. 

"Taken  principally  from  Chalmers's  Life  of  this  unfortunate 
Princess." 

Memoirs  of  Elizabeth  Stuart,  1825,  2  vols.  p.  Svo.  She 
also  pub.  A  Life  of  Anne  Boleyn,  and  Memoirs  of  John 
Tobin. 

"  Her  historical  memoirs  are  of  no  value." — LOWNDES. 
"  Works  of  the  kind  before  us  [Memoirs  of  Mrs.  Eliz.  Hamilton] 
are  excellently  fitted  to  supply  the  defects  in  history,  where  a  lead 
ing  personage  may  not  have  his  proper  share  of  distinction,  and 
the  result  be  much  the  same  as  spoiling  a  drama  by  curtailing  the 
acts  and  speeches  of  the  principal  character." — Lon.  Gent.  Mag. 
Benham,  David.  Genealogy  of  Christ,  Lon.,1836,4to. 
Benham,  Thomas.  Medical  Works,  Lon.,  1620  ?-30. 
Benjamin,  Park,  was  born  1809,  at  Demerara,  in 
British  Guiana,  where  his  father,  a  merchant  from  New 
England,  resided  for  some  years.  In  1825  he  entered 
Harvard  College,  which  he  left  before  the  end  of  the  second 
year  in  consequence  of  bad  health.  When  restored  to 
health,  he  entered  Washington  College,  Hartford,  where 
he  graduated  with  the  highest  honours  of  his  class  in 
1829.  In  1830  he  became  a  member  of  the  Law  School  at 
Cambridge,  and  in  1833  was  admitted  to  the  Connecticut 
bar,  and  upon  his  removal  to  Boston  soon  after,  to  the 
courts  of  Massachusetts.  He  has  been  connected  edi 
torially  with  the  American  Monthly  Magazine,  The  New 
Yorker,  Ac.  Mr.  Benjamin  has  given  many  pieces  both 
in  prose  and  verse  to  the  world.  With  the  exception  of -A 
Poem  on  the  Contemplation  of  Nature,  read  at  the  time  of 
his  taking  his  degree,  Poetry ;  A  Satire,  1843,  and  Infatu 
ation  ;  A  Satire,  1845,  his  productions  are  very  short. 

"  Mr.  Benjamin's  Satires  are  lively,  pointed,  and  free  from  ma 
lignity  or  licentiousness.  In  some  of  his  shorter  poems,  Mr.  Ben 
jamin  has  shown  a  quick  perception  of  the  ridiculous ;  in  others, 
warm  affections  and  a  meditative  spirit;  and  in  more,  gayety. 
His  poems  are  adorned  with  apposite  and  pretty  fancies,  and  st-cm 
generally  to  be  expressive  of  actual  feelings.  Some  of  bis  hu 
mourous  pieces,  as  the  Sonnet  entitled  Sport,  are  happily  ex 
pressed,  but  his  style  is  generally  more  like  that  of  an  impro 
visator  than  an  artist.  He  rarely  makes  use  of  the  burnisher."— 
SRISWOLD:  Poets  and  Poetry  of  America. 

We  refer  the  reader  to  The  Nautilus,  The  Tired  Hunter, 
To  One  Beloved,  and  The  Departed,  as  poems  of  exquisite 
Deauty. 
We  think,  to  quote  the  remark  of  George  III.  to  Dr. 


BEN 


BEN 


Johnson,  that  one  who  writes  so  well  should  write  more, 
and  favour  the  world  with  something  of  more  imposing 
pretension  in  the  way  of  volume.  Whether  it  be  that  the 
unhappy  Joel  Barlow's  prodigious  Columbiad  has  fright 
ened  all  succeeding  American  poets,  and  deterred  them 
from  venturing  more  than  a  few  stanzas  at  a  time,  certain 
it  is  that  they  have  a  curious  fashion  of  "  cutting"  up 
their  gems  "  into  little  stars." 

Benjoin,  George.     Jonah,  trans,  from  the  original, 
Ac.,  Lon.,  1796,  4to. 
"  In  little  estimation." — LOWNDES. 

"  This  is  not  a  work  of  great  value,  as  the  reader  will  believe, 
when  he  is  told  that  the  author  attempts  '  to  convince  the  world 
that  the  present  original  text  is  in  its  primary  perfection.'  The 
attempt  and  the  translation  are  equally  a  failure  for  any  important 
purpose." — ORME. 

See  Brit,  Crit.,  vol.  x.     The  Integrity  and  Excellence  of 
Scripture,  Ac.,  1797,  8vo. 

Benlowe.     Elements  of  Armories,  Lon.,  1610,  4to. 
Benlowes.     See  BENDLOWES. 

Benn,  William,  1600-1680,  a  Nonconformist  clergy 
man,  was  educated  at  Queen's  College,  Oxford.     Answer  ' 
to  Fras.  Bampfield,   Lon.,   1672,   8vo.     Sermons   on   the 
Soul's  Prosperity,  1683,  8vo. 

"  In  the  course  of  his  ministry  he  expounded  the  Scripture  all 
over,  and  half  over  again,  having  had  an  excellent  faculty  in  the 
clear  and  solid  interpreting  of  it."— WOOD. 

Bennet,  A.  Experiments  on  Electricity,  Ac.,  Lon.. 
1789,  8vo. 

Bonnet,  A.  Jesus,  the  Son  of  Joseph.  A  Sermon, 
1807,  8vo. 

Bennet,  Mrs.  A.  M.,  d.  1808,  authoress  of  a  number 
of  Novels,  Ac.,  pub.  1785-1816.  Agnes  De  Courci,  a  Do 
mestic  Tale,  4  vols.,  1797,  8vo. 

"As  a  well-wrought  story,  it  is  entitled  to  particular  regard. 
The  inventive  faculty  of  the  authoress  is  not  to  be  disputed :  but 
character,  that  great,  that  almost  indispensable,  requisite  in  all 
such  performances  as  the  present,  is  seldom  to  be  found  in  it  "— 
Lon.  Monthly  Review. 

Bennet,  Benjamin,  1674-1726,  an  eminent  Presby 
terian  minister,  pub.  among  other  works,  A  Memorial  of 
the  Reformation,  Lon.,  1717,  8vo,  and  a  Defence  of  the 
same,  1723,  8vo.  This  work  gives  the  views  of  the  author 
upon  The  Reformation  and  Church  History  of  England  to 
the  year  1719.  Irenicuna ;  a  work  on  the  Trinity,  Lon., 
1722,  8vo.  This  work  produced  a  great  sensation,  and  its 
influence  was  considerable. 

Christian  Oratory,  or  The  Devotions  of  the  Closet  dis- 


Bennet,  Henry,  Earl  of  Arlington,  1618-1685.  Let 
ters  to  Sir  Wm.  Temple,  1665-70,  Lon.,  1701,  2  vols.  8vo. 

Bennet,  Hon.  Henry  Grey.     Letter  to  the  Com 
mon  Council  of  London,  1818.     Con.  to  Trans.  Geol.  Soc 
1811,  '14. 

Bennet,  James.  Star  of  the  West,  Lon.,  1813, 12mo. 
In  conjunction  with  David  Bogue,  History  of  the  Dissent 
ers,  1689-1808,  3  vols.  8vo,  1809;  1812  in  4  vols.,  and 
since  in  2  vols. 

"  A  bias  in  favour  of  Dissenters,  and  bitter  against  Churchmen." 

BlCKERSTETH. 

Bennet,  James,  M.D.   Con.  to  Med.  Com.,  1787. 

Bennet,  John.  Madrigalls to  fovre  Voyces,  Lon.,  1599. 

Bennet,  John.     Essay  on  Trade,  Ac.,  Lon.,  1736, 8vo. 

Bennet,  John.  Poems,  1774,  8vo. 

Bennet,  John.     Theolog.  and  other  works,  1780-87, 

Bennet,  Jules.  The  Letters  of  John  Calvin,  com 
piled  from  the  Original  Manuscripts,  with  an  Introduction 
and  Historical  Notes,  4  vols.  8vo. 

"This  collection  is  the  fruit  of  five  years  of  assiduous  labor  and 
research  in  the  libraries  of  France,  Germany,  and  Switzerland,  and 
will  contain  about  500  letters  which  have  never  before  been  pub 
lished.  The  editor  has  spared  no  pains  in  rendering  as  complete 
as  possible  a  collection  which  cannot  fail  to  cast  a  flood  of  light 
upon  the  great  religious  revolution  of  the  sixteenth  century." 

Bennet,  Philip.     Sermons,  1745,  '49,  8vo. 

Bennet,  R.     Sermons,  1769,  '76,  8vo. 

Bennet,  Robert,  d.  1687,  a  Nonconformist  divine, 
pub.  A  Theological  Concordance  of  the  Synonymous  Words 
in  Scripture,  1657,  8vo. 

"  An  excellent  work." 

Bennet,  Sol.  The  Constancy  of  Israel,  Lon.,  1809, 8vo. 

Bennet,  T.,  M.D.    Essay  on  the  Gout,  Lon.,  1734,  8vo. 

Bennet,  Thomas,  1673-1728,  an  eminent  divine  of 
the  Church  of  England,  was  admitted  to  St.  John's  Col 
lege,  Cambridge,  in  1688.  He  pub.  many  theological 


played,  2  vols.  8vo,  1728.    Many  edition 
by  Mr.  Palmer  in  1  vol.  8vo. 


It  was  abridged 


"  A  very  spiritual  and  devotional  work,  that  may  be  read  more 
than  once  with  advantage." — BICKERSTETH. 

"Plain,  serious,  and  practical,  but  sometimes  flat,  his  Christian 
Oratory  is  almost  his  only  piece  which  had  been  better  if  some  of 
the  instances  had  been  avoided,  and  the  plan  more  fully  completed 
in  a  single  volume." — DODDRIPGE. 

"  The  title  would  mislead  us  as  to  the  nature  of  the  contents 
the  wo  -A  oratory  being  used  in  the  sense  of  a  place  for  meditation 

Fourteen  Sermons  on  the  Inspiration  of  the  Holy  Scrip 
tures,  1730,  8vo. 

"  This  book  should  have  a  distinguished  place  in  the  library  of 
every  theological  student,  for  few  books  of  its  size  contain  a  more 
abundant  treasure  of  divine  doctrine."— BOGUE. 

Bennet,  Christopher,  1617-1655,  an  English  phy 
sician,  was  educated  at  Lincoln  College,  Oxford.  He  cor 
rected  and  enlarged  Dr.  Moufet's  Health  Improvement, 
Lon.,  16o5,  4to,  and  pub.  a  medical  treatise  in  Latin,  under 
the  name  of  Benedictus,  entitled  Theatri  Tabidorum  Vesti 
bulum  seu  Excercitationes  Dianoeticse,  Ac.,  Lon  1654 
4to  He  left  several  Latin  works  in  manuscript  ' 

Bennet,  George,  at  one  time  a  Dissenting  minister 
subsequently  in  the  Church  of  Scotland.  He  pub  a  work 
against  "a  pretence  of  Reform,"  Lon.,  1796,  8vo-'  also 

0  am  Haneshemoth,  or  a  View  of  the  Intermediate  State 
i  it  appears  in  the  Records  of  the  Old  and  tt,>w  T"*? 


works,  1700-26,  upon  the  sacraments,  schism,  liturgies, 
and  against  Roman  Catholic  and  Quaker  doctrines.  We 
give  the  titles  of  a  few  of  his  works.  Discourses  on  Schism, 
showing  that  schism  is  a  damnable  sin,  Ac.,  Lon.,  1700, 
8vo.  A  Confutation  of  Popery,  in  three  parts,  Camb., 
1701,  8vo.  A  Confutation  of  Quakerism,  Camb.,  1705,  8vo. 
A  Brief  History  of  the  joint  use  of  precomposed  set  Forms 
of  Prayer,  Camb.,  1708,  8vo.  This  work  excited  consider 
able  controversy,  in  which  Benj.  Robinson  and  T.  Bowlett 
took  part,  A  Paraphrase  with  Annotations  upon  the  Book 
of  Common  Prayer,  Ac.,  Lon.,  1708,  8vo.  Essay  on  the 
39  Articles,  with  a  Prefatory  Epistle  to  Anthony  Collins, 
Esq.,  Lon.  1718,  8vo.  Collins  had  pub.  in  1710,  a  tract 
entitled  Priestcraft  in  Perfection,  respecting  the  20th  Ar 
ticle  of  the  Church  of  England.  It  appeared  in  1724  with 
additions,  as  an  Essay  on  the  39  Articles. 

"Dr.  Bennet  was  perhaps  too  ready  to  engage  in  the  debates  of 
5Si  ,?.  Up°n  51uestions  of  divinity,  which  led  him  sometimes  into 
limculties,  obliged  him  to  have  recourse  to  distinctions  and  refine 
ments  which  would  not  always  bear  examination,  and  laid  him 
open  to  the  attacks  of  his  adversaries."—  Chalmers's  Biog.  Diet. 

Bennet,  or  Bennett,  Thomas.     12  Lectures  on 
the  Apostles'  Creed,  Lon.,  1755,  8vo. 
Bennet,  W.  H.     Court  of  Chancery,  Lon.,  1834,  8vo. 
Bennet,  William.  On  the  Teeth,  Ac.,  Lon.,1778,12mo. 
Bennet,  William.     Theolog.  Works,  1780-1813. 
Bennett,  Emerson,  b.  1822  in  Mass.,  an  American 
Novelist,     Bandits  of  the  Osage ;    Ella  Barnwell ;   Mike 
Pink;    Kate   Clarendon;    Forged  Will;    Prairie  Flower; 
Leni  Leoti;   Forest  Rose;   League  of  the  Miami;    Clara 
Morland,  Ac. 

"  Mr.  Bennett  is  a  novelist  of  undoubted  ability."— T.  S.  ARTHUR. 
Bennett,  G.  J.    Albanians  and  other  Poems,  8vo.    Pe 
destrian's  Guide  through  North  Wales,  1837,  Lon.,  1838  8vo 
"  This  is  a  beautiful  work— as  delightful  a  one  as  we  have  met 
with  for  many  years.     It  abounds  with  sketches,  admirably  exe 
cuted,  of  many  of  those  charming  vales  and  mountains  in  the 

,_,  ,  beautiful  country  of  which  it  treats,  and  affords  us,  also,  speci- 

the  Old  and  New  Testa-     mens. of  th«  national  airs  of  Wales,  giving  us  the  music  of  them 


ments,  the  Apocryphal  Books,  in  Heathen  Authors  'the     ?s  welj  as  ,the  words-    Jt  is  a  b™k  of  travels,  written  with  a  poet' 
Greek  and  Latin  Fathers,  Lon^  1801    8vo.  '  lov|,of  nature'  a?d  a  humo»st's  cheerfulness."-^,-*  JourS 


"It  is  a  work  of  various  erudition  and  deen 
reader  must  be  very  learned  who  finds  not  mTch  i  nt 
him;  very  dull,  if  he  is  not  delighted  with  the  in-renui 


-renuitv  tbnt  is 


Also  commended  by  Orme. 

Bennet,  H.  Treasury  of  Wit;  being  a  methodical 
Selection  of  about  twelve  hundred,  of  the  belt,  ApophTe™ 
Lon.  1786.  *  *"  86Veral  Lan£uages>  2  vols. 


Bennett,  James.  Theolog.  Works,  1828-46"" 
Bennett,  John  Hughes,  Prof,  of  Clinical  Med. 
University  of  Edinburgh.  On  Cancerous  and  Cancroid 
Growths,  Lon.,  8vo.  Diseases  of  the  Uterus,  8vo.  Cod 
Liver  Oil  in  Gout,  Ac.,  8vo.  Pulmonary  Tuberculosis. 
f~il  W;??e  volume  is  so  rePlete  with  valuable  matter,  that  wa 
Lon  Lancet  rec°mmend  our  readers>  °™  and  all,  to  peruse  it."-. 

Leucocythenia,  or  White-Cell  Blood,  8vo.  Lectures  on 
Clinical  Medicine,  8vo. 

Bennett,  Wm.  J.  E.     Theolog.  Works,  1838-52. 

Bennion,  John.     Sermon,  Oxon.,  1681,  4to. 

Benoit,  or  Benedict,  De  Sainte  Maur,  who 
flourished  about  1180,  was  a  troubadour,  patronized  by 
Henry  II.,  by  whose  direction,  according  to  Robert  Wace. 

165 


BEN 


BEN 


he  composed  his  metrical  history  of  the  Dukes  of  Nor-  | 
mandy.      This  chronicle,  which  extends  to  thirty  thou 
sand  lines, 

"  Begins  with  a  brief  sketch  of  the  cosmographical  doctrines  of  ; 
the  age, which  leads  to  the  account  of  the  origin  of  the  Normans 
and  their  first  piratical  voyages,  and  the  history  is  continued  to  . 
the  death  of  Henry  I.    The  larger  portion  is  a  mere  paraphrase  of 
the  Latin  histories  by  Dudo  of  St.  Quentin's,  and  William  of  Ju- 
mieges,  with  some  slight  additions  of  matter  not  found  in  those  ! 
authorities;  but  it  is  inferior  as  a  historical  document  and  as  a 
literary  composition  to  the  similar  work  of  Wace,  which  appears  ! 
from  the  first  to  have  enjoyed  a  greater  degree  of  popularity." —  ! 
Wright. 

"  This  old  French  poem  is  full  of  fabulous  and  romantic  mat-  i 
ter."—  Wartmi's  History  of  English  Poetry. 

But  it  has  been  remarked  that  if  we  compare  this  author 
with  the  Norman  historians  who  preceded  him,  we  shall 
find  his  statements  to  be  in  accordance  with  theirs.     The 
Chronicle  was  pub.  by  Michel,  Paris,  1836-38,  and  '44.  I 
The  MS.  from  which  it  was  printed  is  preserved  in  the  j 
Brit.  Museum,  Harleian  Collection,  No.  1717.     There  is  \ 
also  a  MS.  in  the  library  of  Tours  in  France. 

Benoit's  other  great  poem,  which  probably  preceded  the 
Chronicle,  was  his  metrical  romance  of  the  History  of 
Troy.  It  is 

"  Chiefly  a  paraphrase  of  the  supposititious  history  of  the  Phry 
gian  Dares,  with  some  additions  from  the  similar  work  published 
under  the  name  of  Dictys;  but  the  Anglo-Norman  trouvere,  faith 
ful  to  the  taste  of  his  age,  has  turned  the  Grecian  and  Trojan  heroes 
into  medieval  knights  and  barons.  ...  It  contains  nearly  thirty 
thousand  lines.  It  is  a  heavy  and  dull  poem,  and  possesses  little 
interest  at  the  present  day ;  although  it  abounds  in  those  repeated 
descriptions  of  warfare  which  constituted  the  great  beauty  of  such 
productions  in  the  twelfth  century." — Wriglit. 

There  is  a  complete  MS.  of  the  Roman  de  Troye  in  the 
Harleian  Collection,  No.  4482.  A  MS.  is  in  the  Library 
of  St.  Mark  at  Venice,  extracts  from  which  are  printed  by 
Keller,  in  his  Romvart,  p.  86. 

These  are  the  only  works  known  to  have  been  written 
by  Benoit.  Tyrwhitt  ascribes  to  him  a  Life  of  Becket,  in 
Anglo-Norman  verse,  but  M.  de  la  Rue  and  Mr.  Wright 
decide  this  to  be  the  production  of  a  later  Benoit.  M.  de 
la  Rue  believed  him  to  be  the  author  of  a  song  on  the 
Crusade,  at  the  end  of  the  Harleian  MS.  containing  his 
chronicle.  But  the  learned  Mr.  Thomas  Wright  proves 
this  opinion  to  be  erroneous. 

House,  Peter.  Anglo-diaphora  Trium  Linguarum 
Gall.,  Ital.,  et  Hispan,  <fcc.,  Oxf.,  1637,  8vo. 
Benson,  Miss.  1.  The  Wife.  2.  The  Contrast,  1810-1 5. 
Benson,  Christopher,  Preb.  of  Worcester.  Chro 
nology  of  our  Saviour's  Life,  Ac.,  Camb.,  1819,  8vo.  Hul- 
sean  Lectures  for  1820.  Twenty  Discourses  preached  be 
fore  the  University  of  Cambridge,  Camb.,  1820,  8vo.  Of 
these  much-esteemed  discourses  many  editions  have  been 
published.  Hulsean  Lectures  for  1822.  On  Scripture  Dif 
ficulties  ;  Twenty  Discourses,  Camb.,  1822,  8vo,  2d  ed.,  1825. 
"  The  proofs  and  duties  of  Christianity  have  been  enforced  by 
Mr.  Benson  with  a  power,  an  earnestness,  and  an  unction,  which 
they  who  heard  the  preacher  will  be  thankful  for  while  they  live ; 
and  which  in  the  perusal  must  to  every  healthful  mind  commu 
nicate  satisfaction,  profit,  and  delight;  and  may  carry  healing  and 
comfort  to  the  diseased  one." — Lan.  Quarterly  Review. 

Sermon,  1  Sam.  xii.  24,  25,  [Trinity  House,  Deptford,] 
Lon.,  1826,  4to.  Discourses  upon  Tradition  and  Episco 
pacy,  preached  at  the  Temple  Church,  2d  ed.,  Lon.,  1839, 
8vo.  Discourses  upon  the  powers  of  the  Clergy,  Prayers 
for  the  Dead,  and  the  Lord's  Supper,  preached  at  the  Tem 
ple  Church,  Lon.,  1841,  8vo. 

Benson,  G.  Oaths  and  Swearing,  1699,  4to. 
Benson,  George,  D.D.,  1699-1763,  an  English  Dis 
senting  minister  of  considerable  learning,  a  native  of  Cum 
berland,  England,  studied  at  the  University  of  Glasgow. 
He  was  the  author  of  a  number  of  theological  works,  pub. 
1725-64.  We  notice  some  of  the  principal.  A  Paraphrase 
and  Notes  on  the  Epistles  of  St.  Paul  to  the  Thessalonians, 
Timothy,  Titus,  and  Philemon,  and  the  seven  Catholic 
Epistles  of  Peter,  James,  and  John,  Lon.,  1734,  4to;  best 
edit.  2  vols.  4to,  1752-56.  This  was  preceded  by  a  Speci 
men,  being  a  Paraphrase  and  Notes  on  the  Epistle  to  Phi 
lemon,  1731,  4to.  The  work  is  on  the  plan  pursued  by 
John  Locke,  of  making  St.  Paul  his  own  expositor  by  illus 
trative  references  to  various  portions  of  his  writings.  It 
has  been  highly  commended. 

"  Locke,  Pierce,  and  Benson  make  up  a  complete  commentary  on 
the  Epistles;  and  are,  indeed,  all  in  the  number  of  the  most  inge 
nious  commentators  I  have  ever  read.  They  plainly  thought  very 
closely,  and  attended  much  to  connection,  which  they  have  often 
set  in  a  most  clear  view.  But  they  all  err  in  too  great  a  fondness 
for  new  interpretations,  and  in  supposing  the  design  of  the  apostles 
less  general  than  it  seems  to  have  been.  It  must  be  allowed  that 
Benson  illustrates  the  spirit  of  Paul  sometimes  in  an  admirable 
manner,  even  beyond  any  former  writer.  See  especially  his  Epis 
tle  to  Philemon." — DR.  DODDRIDQE. 
"  This  work  is  a  continuation  of  Locke's  attempt  to  illustrate  the 


Epistles,  and,  with  Pierce's  work,  completes  the  design.  Benson 
possessed  considerable  learning,  but  no  great  portion  of  genius. 
He  was  certainly  inferior  in  taste  aud  acumen  to  his  two  coadju 
tors;  but  still  his  labours  are  entitled  to  respect.  Some  of  his 
essays,  inserted  in  the  commentaries,  contain  important  informa 
tion  on  the  points  on  which  they  treat.  His  theological  sentiments 
were  Arian,  verging  to  Socinian  :  on  this  account  all  his  writings 
require  to  be  read  with  caution.  His  Paraphrase  on  James  was 
translated  into  Latin  by  J.  D.  Michaelis,  and  published  with  a  pre 
face  by  Baumgarten,  at  Halle,  in  1747.  The  preface  highly  extols 
the  labours  of  Locke,  Pierce,  and  Benson,  and  mentions  with  re 
spect  many  others  of  the  British  commentaries.  To  this  Latin  ver 
sion  Michaelis  has  added  many  valuable  notes  of  his  own." — ORME. 
History  of  the  First  Planting  of  Christianity,  taken  from 
the  Acts  of  the  Apostles  and  their  Epistles,  1735,  2  vols. 
4to ;  best  edit.  1756,  3  vols.  4to. 

"  Though  this  work  does  not  profess  to  be  a  harmony  of  the  Acts 
of  the  Apostles  and  of  the  Epistles,  it  may  justly  be  considered  as 
one.  Besides  illustrating  the  history  of  the  Acts,  throughout,  and 
most  of  the  Epistles,  by  a  view  of  the  history  of  the  times,  the 
occasions  of  the  several  Epistles,  and  the  state  of  the  churches  to 
which  they  were  addressed,  the  learned  author  has  incorporated  a 
paraphrastical  abstract  of  these  Epistles  in  the  order  of  time  when 
I  they  were  written ;  and  has  also  established  the  truth  of  the  Chris- 
i  tian  religion  on  a  number  of  facts,  the  most  public,  important,  and 
incontestable.  It  is,  indeed,  a  most  valuable  help  to  the  study  of 
the  Epistles;  but  it  is  to  be  regretted  that  its  scarcity  renders  it 
accessible  to  few." — T.  H.  HORNE. 

"Though  but  a  dull  book,  it  is  full  of  important  matter,  and  is 
j  of  great  service  in  explaining  many  parts  of  the  book  of  Acts.  It 
i  displays  very  considerable  research,  a  great  portion  of  candour,  and 
i  an  accurate  acquaintance  with  the  facts  of  the  Jewish  and  Kouiaii 
i  history  which  relate  to  the  Christians  during  the  first  age  of  Chris 
tianity." — ORME. 

The  Reasonableness  of  the  Christian  Religion,  &c.,  Lon., 
1743,  8vo,  and  1746,  4to,  and  3d  ed.,  1759,  2  vols.  This  is 
|  an  answer  to  Dodwell's  pamphlet,  Christianity  not  founded 
in  Argument,  Lon.,  1742,  Svo.  Doddridge,  Leland,  Mole, 
Cooksey,  and  others  also  answered  Dodwell.  Bishop  Wat 
son  remarks  of  Benson's  reply  : 

"  The  author  not  only  advances  many  arguments  in  proof  of  the 
truth  of  the  Christian  Religion,  but  obviates  in  a  familiar  way  the 
j  chief  objections  of  the  Anti-revelationists." 

The  History  of  the  Life  of  Jesus  Christ,  <fcc.,  1764,  4to. 
"In  this  work  Dr.  Benson  discovers  much  attention  to  many 
minute  particulars  in  the  history  of  Jesus,  but  the  principles  of 
his  creed  prevented  him  from  doing  justice  to  his  subject.  The 
work  is  divided  into  fifteen  chapters,  and  is  accompanied  with  an 
appendix  containing  seven  dissertations." — ORME. 

This  work  was  left  in  an  incomplete  state.  See  Lon. 
Congregational  Magazine  for  July,  1833. 

Benson,  Joseph,  1748-1821,  was  a  Methodist  minis 
ter  of  considerable  note.  He  edited  a  Commentary  on  the 
Scriptures,  embodying  the  views  of  many  Biblical  critics, 
among  whom  John  Wesley  occupies  a  prominent  place. 
This  work  was  pub.  in  5  vols.  4to,  Lon.,  1811-18;  several 
subsequent  editions. 

"  An  elaborate  and  very  useful  commentary  on  the  sacred  Scrip 
tures,  which  (independently  of  its  practical  tendency)  possesses 
the  merit  of  compressing  into  a  comparatively  small  compass  the 
substance  of  what  the  piety  and  learning  of  former  ages  have  ad 
vanced,  in  order  to  facilitate  the  study  of  the  Bible.  Its  late 
learned  author  was  particularly  distinguished  for  his  critical  and 
exact  acquaintance  with  the  Greek  Testament."— T.  H.  HORNE. 

This  commentary,  particularly  intended  for  family  use, 
was  pub.  under  the  direction  and  patronage  of  the  Me 
thodist  Conference.  Mr.  B.  pub.  Sermons,  1790,  '91,  '98, 

1800,  Ac.     A  Defence  of  the  Methodists,  1793,  12mo.    A 
farther  Defence,  <fcc.,  1794,  12mo.     A  Vindication  of  the 
Methodists,  1800,  Svo.     An  Apology  for  the  Methodists, 

1801,  12mo. 

"This  publication  is  apparently  written  with  much  candour; 
and  it  affords,  notwithstanding  the  mysticism  which  there  may  be 
among  them,  and  which  may  appear  in  this  book,  a  very  favour 
able  view  of  those  people  whose  cause  it  intends  to  plead.  . . .  The 
work  is  well  worthy  of  perusal." — Lon.  Monthly  Krview. 

Remarks  on  Dr.  Priestley's  System.  A  Vindication  of 
Christ's  Divinity.  After  Mr.  B.'s  decease  there  was  pub. 
Sermons  and  Plans  of  Sermons  on  important  Texts  of  Holy 
Scripture,  Lon.,  1825-27,  Svo ;  6  parts  in  3  vols.  8vo ;  262 
Sermons  and  Plans  of  Sermons,  3  vols.  Svo,  1831;  219 
Sermons  and  Plans  of  Sermons,  2  vols.  Svo,  1831. 

"  The  Plans  are  highly  creditable  to  the  piety  and  talents  of  the 
writer;  and  while  they  serve  as  a  valuable  aid  to  the  young  Min 
ister  of  the  Gospel,  are  suited  generally  to  instruct  and  improve, 
to  inform  the  understanding,  and  to  affect  the  heart." — Christian 
Observer. 

Mr.  Benson  has  been  warmly  praised  in  high  quarters: 

"  A  sound  scholar,  a  powerful  and  able  preacher,  and  a  profound 
theologian."— DR.  AI>AM  CLARKE. 

"  He  seems  like  a  messenger  sent  from  the  other  world  to  call 
men  to  account."— REV.  K.  CECIL. 

"  His  forte  did  not  lie  in  that  finished  and  sustained  style,  which, 
however  beautiful  and  attractive  it  may  sometimes  be.  has  a  ten 
dency  to  pall  upon  the  ear;  he  had  little  of  Cicero,  and  lessor 
Isocrates,  in  his  composition;  his  eloquence  was  Demosthenian.  — 
Lon.  Christian  OhseiTer. 

Benson,  Martin,  d.  1752,  Bishop  of  Gloucester.  Ser 
mon  before  the  House  of  Lords,  1738.  Sermons,  1736-40. 


BEN 


BEN 


B  enson,  Martin,  of  Tunbridge  Wells.  Ser.,  1794,  Ac. 

Benson,  Richard.    Momi,  &c.,  Dubl.,  1815,  8vo. 

Benson,  Robert.  Sketches  of  Corsica,  Ac.,  Lon., 
1825,  8vo.  Praised  by  Scott  in  his  Life  of  Napoleon. 

Benson,  Thomas.  Vocabularium Anglo-Saxonicum, 
1701. 

Benson,  William,  1682-1754,  commonly  known  as 
Auditor  (of  the  Imprest)  Benson,  was  the  son  of  Sir  Wil 
liam,  formerly  Sheriff  of  London.  His  first  publication 
was  a  letter  to  Sir  Jacob  Banks  upon  the  Miseries  of  Swe 
den  after  her  submission  to  arbitrary  power.  Of  this  letter 
100,000  copies  were  sold  in  the  English  language  and  trans 
lations.  In  1724  he  pub.  Virgil's  Husbandry,  with  notes  ; 
and  in  1739  Letters  concerning  poetical  translations  and 
Virgil's  and  Milton's  arts  of  verse.  In  1740  appeared  an 
edition  of  Arthur  Johnston's  Psalms,  with  a  Prefatory  dis 
course;  and  a  criticism  on  this  preface  in  1741.  In  a  sup 
plement  to  this  essay  he  drew  a  comparison  between  John 
ston  and  Buchanan,  giving  the  preference  to  the  former. 
This  drew  forth  an  unanswerable  defence  of  Buchanan 
from  the  celebrated  Ruddiman.  His  admiration  for  Milton 
and  Johnson  is  alluded  to  by  Pope  in  the  Dunciad : 
"  On  two  unequal  crutches  propt  he  came, 
Milton's  on  this,  on  that  one  Johnston's  name." 

Pope's  indignation,  and  that  of  the  country  at  large,  was 
excited  by  the  appointment  of  Benson  to  the  post  of  sur 
veyor-general  in  1718,  in  place  of  Sir  Christopher  Wren, 
removed.  Dr.  Warton,  in  his  notes  on  Pope,  considers  that 
he  has  treated  our  author  with  too  much  severity : 

"  Benson  is  here  spoken  of  too  contemptuously.  He  translated 
faithfully,  if  not  very  poetically,  the  second  book  of  the  Georgics, 
with  useful  notes;  he  printed  elegant  editions  of  Johnston's 
psalms;  he  wrote  a  discourse  on  versification;  he  rescued  his 
country  from  the  disgrace  of  having  no  monument  erected  to  the 
memory  of  Milton  in  Westminster  Abbey;  he  encouraged  and 
urged  Pitt  to  translate  the  ^Eneid ;  and  he  gave  Dobson  £1000  for 
his  Latin  translation  of  Paradise  Lost." 

Towards  the  close  of  his  life  he  evinced  an  unconquer 
able  aversion  to  books,  and  passed  his  last  days  in  retire 
ment  at  his  house  in  Wimbledon.  The  Rev.  Francis  Peck 
dedicated  to  our  author  his  Memoirs  of  Cromwell: 

'•  Mr.  Benson  (I  dedicate  to)  is  the  same  gentleman  you  mention, 
and  a  gentleman,  I  assure  you,  of  exceeding  good  sense,  and 
learning,  and  candour.  For  my  part,  I  do  not  sea  how  Westmin 
ster  Abbey  is  profaned  by  a  Cenotaph  in  honour  of  Milton,  consi 
dered  only  as  a  poet.  His  politicks  I  have  nothing  to  say  to.  You 
or  I  may  write  of  Milton  and  Cromwell,  and  still  think  as  we 
•please."— Mr.  Peck  to  Dr.  Grey,  Dec.  15,  1739.  See  Nichols's  Lite 
rary  Anecdotes,  and  Spence's  Anecdotes. 

Benson,  William,  of  St.  Mary  Hall,  Oxford.  Ob 
servations  on  the  Impropriety  of  interfering  with  the  In 
ternal  Policy  of  other  States.  In  a  Letter  addressed  to 
The  Rt.  Hon.  Henry  Addington,  <fec.,  Lon.,  1802,  8vo. 

"  A  censure  on  the  conduct  of  our  news-papers  for  their  abuse 
of  the  chief  Consul  of  France ;  eked  out  with  the  fag  end  of  an 
old  sermon,  in  which  the  minister  is  instructed  in  the  nature  of 
baptism,  and  on  other  points  with  which  Mr.  Benson  (we  hope)  is 
better  acquainted  than  with  politics." — Lan.  Monthly  Review. 

U  ousted,  John.     Resources  of  the  Brit.  Empire,  1812. 

Bent,  J.    Life  and  Death  of  Ld.  Jeffries,  Lon.,  1693,  8vo. 

Bent,  J.    Con.  to  Phil.  Trans.,  1774. 

Bent,  Thomas.  Con.  to  Phil.  Trans.,  1698. 

Bent,  William.  Lists  of  Publications,  Ac.,  Lon., 
1799,  Ac. 

Bentham,  Edward,  D.D.,  1707-1776,  a  learned  di 
vine  of  the  Church  of  England,  was  educated  at  Corpus 
Christi  College,  Oxford;  became  vice-president  of  Mag 
dalen  Hall,  and  Fellow  of  Oriel  College ;  Prebendary  of 
Hereford,  1743;  Canon  of  Christ  Church,  Oxford,  and 
Regius  professor  of  divinity,  1763.  He  pub.  occasional 
sermons,  1722,  '44,  '50,  '72.  An  Introduction  to  Moral 
Philosophy,  1745,  8vo.  Advice  to  a  Young  Man  of  Rank 
upon  coming  to  the  University.  Reflections  upon  Logic. 
Funeral  Eulogies  upon  Military  Men,  in  the  original 
Greek,  with  Notes.  Reflections  upon  the  Study  of  Divi 
nity,  8vo,  1771.  An  Introduction  to  Logic,  1773,  8vo. 
De  Tumultibus  Americanus,  deque  eorum  Concitatoribus 
Scnilis  Meditatio,  etc.  This  last  work  was  occasioned  by 
some  members  of  Parliament  having  censured  the  Uni 
versity  of  Oxford  for  addressing  the  king  in  favour  of  the 
American  war. 

"  Kven  death  itself  found  him  engaged  in  the  same  laborious 
application  which  he  had  always  directed  to  the  glory  of  the  Su 
preme  Being,  and  the  benefit  of  mankind;  and  it  was  not  till  he 
was  absolutely  forbidden  by  his  physicians,  that  he  gave  over  a 
particular  course  of  reading  that  had  been  undertaken  by  him 
with  a  view  of  making  remarks  on  Mr.  Gibbon's  Roman  History  " 

•  Bentham's  Reflections  upon  the  Study  of  Divinity  contain 
many  judicious  observations:  the  heads  of  lectures  exhibit  per 
haps  as  complete  a  plan  of  theological  studies  as  was  ever  deli- 
vercd.  — LOWNDES, 

Bentham,  James,  1709  ?-1794,  brother  to  the  above 
also  a  divine  of  the  Church  of  England,  was  educated  at 


Trinity  College,  Cambridge.  He  pub.  Queries  to  the  In 
habitants  of  Ely,  1757.  Considerations,  <fec.  on  the  State 
of  the  Fens  near  Ely,  Camb.,  1778,  8vo.  Essays  on 
Gothic  Architecture,  in  conjunction  with  Messrs.  Warton, 
Grosse,  and  Milner,  pub.  1800,  8vo.  But  Mr.  Bentham's 
principal  work  is  the  History  and  Antiquities  of  the  Con 
ventual  and  Cathedral  Church  of  Ely,  673-1771,  Camb., 

1771,  royal  4to.     This  work,  pub.  at  eighteen  shillings, 
and  said  to  be  the  cheapest  work   ever  published,   had 

!  reached  the  price  of  12  to  14  guineas  before  the  publica- 
'  tion  of  the  2d  edit.,  1812,  imp.  4to,  and  25  copies  on  ele 
phant  paper.     William  Stevenson  pub.,  in  1817,  a  supple 
ment  to  the  first,  and  also  one  to  the  second,  edition. 

"  The  knowledge  of  ancient  architecture  displayed  in  Bentham's 
work  far  exceeded  all  that  had  been  before  written  on  that  subject. 
The  Cathedral  of  Ely  furnished  him  with  examples  of  almost 
every  variety  of  style  from  the  Saxon  era  to  the  Reformation. 
The  characteristic  ornaments  of  each  were  carefully  studied  by 
him;  and  his  numerous  quotations  from  ancient  authors  prove 
his  diligence  in  historical  research.  In  this  work  was  first  brought 
forward  the  presumed  origin  of  the  pointed  arch,  the  chief  feature 
of  the  Gothic  style,  on  which  the  whole  style  seemed  to  have  been 
formed.  This  kind  of  arch  Bentham  supposed  might  have  been 
derived  from  the  intersection  of  two  semi-circular  arches,  such  as 
are  seen  on  the  walls  of  some  buildings  erected  soon  after  the 
Norman  Conquest.  Dr.  Milner,  the  historian  of  Winchester,  has 
since  adopted  this  hypothesis,  and  supported  it  with  a  degree  of 
learned  ingenuity  which  has  given  it  much  celebrity." 

The  poet  Gray  has  been  improperly  credited  with  "the 
architectural  part  of  the  History  of  Ely  Cathedral."     See 
Dr.  Milner's  error  on  this  subject,  (in  article  Gothic  Archi 
tecture,  in  Rees's  Cyclopaedia,)  corrected  in  the  Memoirs  of 
Bentham,  prefixed  to  the  new  edit.  (1812)  of  the  History. 
To   this  History  the  eminent  antiquary,  Rev.  W.  Cole  of 
Milton,  and  Dr.  Bentham's  brother,  were  considerable  con 
tributors.     James  Bentham,  the  son  of  the  author,  was 
i  the  editor  of  the  2d  edition.     As  the  author  commenced 
I  his  history  from  his  father's  collections,  we  have  here  the 
!  pleasing  spectacle  of  three  generations  being  employed 
on  the  same  work. 

"  It  is  probable  that  Mr.  Bentham  was  determined  to  the  pursuit 
of  ecclesiastical  antiquities  by  the  eminent  example  of  Bishop 
Tanner,  (a  prebendary  of  the  same  stall  which  Mr.  B.  afterwards 
held,)  who  had  honoured  the  family  with  many  marks  of  his 
kindness  and  friendship." 

See  Nichols's  Literary  Anecdotes ;  Gorton's  Biog. 
Diet. ;  Chalmers's  do. ;  Memoirs  prefixed  to  the  Hist,  of 
Ely,  1812 ;  Notes  on  Mem.  in  Suppl.  to  Hist.,  1817. 

Bentham,  Jeremy,  1747-1832,  was  a  native  of  Lon 
don,  where  his  father  and  grandfather  were  attorneys. 
He  was  so  remarkable  for  an  early  love  of  books,  that  at, 
the  age  of  five  years  he  had  acquired  among  the  members 
of  the  family  the  name  of  "  the  philosopher."  He  was  ad 
mitted  in  his  14th  year  of  Queen's  College,  Oxford,  where 
he  at  once  became  distinguished  among  his  fellow  stu 
dents.  After  attending  the  celebrated  Vinerian  Lectures 
of  Sir  William  Blackstone,  he  was  called  to  the  Bar  about 

1772,  but  soon  abandoned  the  profession  from  disgust  at 
the  unjust  charges  to  suitors,  and  other  corruptions  which 
he  found  existing  in  the  machinery  of  law.     Mr.  Bentham 
visited  Paris  on  three  different  occasions  prior  to  the  com 
mencement  of  the  French  Revolution.     In  the  second  of 
these  visits  he   became   acquainted  with   the  celebrate'd 
Brissot  de  Warville,  who  has  left  a  graphic  sketch  of  the 
character  of  his  friend.     A  still  more  important  event  was 
his  introduction  to  M.  Dumont,   the  Marquis   of  Lans- 
downe's  Swiss  librarian,  then  residing  at  Bowood.     The 
literary  assistance  of  this  gentleman  in  amending  and 
polishing  his  friend's  composition,  was  invaluable.     The 
great  object  of  Mr.  Bentham's  life  was  the  improvement 
of  legislation  and  jurisprudence,  and  the  advocacy  of  the 
principle  of  utility  as  the  criterion  of  right  and  wrong. 

"  In  the  phrase  '  the  greatest  happiness  of  the  greatest  number,' 
I  then  saw  delineated  for  the  first  time  [in  Priestley's  pamphlet]  a 
plain,  as  well  as  a  true,  standard  for  whatever  is  right  or  wrong 
useful,  useless,  or  mischievous  in  human  conduct,  whether  in  the 
field  of  morals  or  politics." 

But  the  questions  immediately  occur— What  is  to  be  the 
definition  of  the  greatest  happiness  ?  Is  it  happiness  for 
time  or  for  eternity  that  should  be  man's  great  object? 
Do  not  men's  actions  continually  prove  that,  unassisted 
by  Revelation,  they  are  equally  incapable  of  judging  what 
is  their  true  happiness,  and  of  pursuing  it  when  known  ? 
If  a  supposed  utility,  rather  than  a  fixed  principle,  is  to 
direct  action,  men  must  judge  what  utility  is,  and  there 
may  be  as  many  opinions  as  there  are  judges; — all  cannot 
be  right,  and  all  may  be  wrong;  but  obedience  to  the  re 
vealed  will  of  God  must  in  all  cases  be  safe  and  profitable. 
Is  it  to  be  supposed,  then,  that  the  Supreme  Being  has  left 
his  creatures  under  the  constant  necessity  of  action,  and 
has  given  them  no  means  save  their  own  wild  conjectures, 

167 


BEN 


BEN 


of  ascertaining  either  what  will  please  their  Creator,  or 
promote  their  own  happiness  ?  Nothing,  indeed,  more 
conclusively  proves  the  necessity  of  a  Revelation,  than  the 
crude  conjectures  and  childish  fallacies,  the  baseless  pre 
mises  and  lame  and  impotent  conclusions,  of  philosophi 
cal  and  moral  speculators,  from  Socrates  to  Voltaire,  from 
Zeno  to  Bentham.  Jonathan  Dymond,  with  the  simple 
Word  of  God  as  his  weapon,  can  discomfit  a  host  of  such 
"philosophers,"and  put  "to  flight  all  the  armies  of  the  alien." 
Mr.  Bentham's  first  publication  was  A  Fragment  on 
Government ;  being  an  Examination  of  what  is  delivered 
on  the  Subject  in  Blackstone's  Commentaries,  Lon.,  1776, 
8vo.  This  work,  he  tells  us,  was  prompted  by  "  a  passion 
for  improvement  in  those  shapes  in  which  the  lot  of  man 
is  meliorated  by  it."  This  was  published  anonymously.  The 
Lon.  Monthly  Review  indignantly  remonstrated  upon  the 
writer's  treatment  of  Blackstone  : 

"  We  cannot  avoid  expressing  our  disgust  at  the  severity  with 
which  the  justly  admired  Commentator  is  treated  in  the  critique 
now  before  us.  In  order  to  convict  him  of  obscurity  and  inaccuracy, 
this  anonymous  Writer  has  taken  much  pains — it  must  be  owned, 
with  some  ingenuity — to  analyze  those  passages  in  the  introduc 
tion  to  his  work  which  treat  of  the  subject  of  Government  in  gene 
ral  :  and  has  scrutinized  every  word  and  idea  with  a  degree  of 
rigour,  which  few  even  of  the  most  admired  writers  would  be  able 
to  endure.  ...  In  what  the  author  advances  concerning  the  Bri 
tish  constitution,  he  controverts,  with  a  mixture  of  argument  and 
raillery,  many  popular  opinions;  with  what  success  we  shall  not  at 
present  undertake  to  determine." 

His  View  of  the  Hard  Labour  Bill  appeared  in  1778, 
and  the  Principles  of  Morals  and  Legislation  in  1780.  The 
Defence  of  Usury  was  pub.  in  1787. 

"  If  we  mistake  not,  this  tract  will  furnish  ground  for  many 
ample  discussions,  that  will,  we  hope,  terminate  in  the  emancipat 
ing  the  human  mind  from  many  great  errors  that  capitally  in 
fluence  the  business  of  human  life.  ...  We  view  it  as  a  political 
gem  of  the  finest  water,  that  requires  only  to  be  examined  with 
attention  in  order  to  be  admired."— ion.  Monthly  Review. 

"  A  work  unanswered  and  unanswerable ;  and  not  less  admira 
bly  reasoned  than  happily  expressed." — Edinburgh  Review. 

"  Perhaps  the  best  specimen  of  the  exhaustive  discussion  of  a 
moral  or  political  question,  leaving  no  objection,  however  feeble, 
unanswered,  and  no  difficulty,  however  small,  unexplained ;  re 
markable,  also,  for  the  clearness  and  spirit  of  the  style,  for  the  full 
exposition  which  suits  them  to  all  intelligent  readers,  for  the  ten 
der  and  skilful  hand  with  which  prejudice  is  touched,  and  for  the 
urbanity  of  his  admirable  apology  for  projectors." — SIR  JAMES 
MACKINTOSH. 

The  Principles  of  Morals  and  Legislation  was  pub.  in 
1789,  (printed  in  1780,)  and  in  the  next  year  he  communi 
cated  a  plan  of  making  convicts  useful,  in  his  Panopticon, 
or  the  Inspection  House.  Two  years  later  he  pub.  Truth 
versus  Ashurst,  <fcc.,  and  in  1795  Supply  without  Burthen, 
or  Escheat  vice  Taxation  ;  to  which  he  prefixed  his  Protest 
against  Law  Taxes. 

"  It  appears  to  us  that  this  Essay  is  a  hasty  and  undigested  per 
formance,  and  that  it  required  more  consideration  than  the  author 
has  bestowed  on  it." — Lon.  Monthly  Review. 

The  same  periodical  had  remarked  of  the  Principles  of 
Morals  and  Legislation,  that  Mr.  Bentham, 

"  Like  many  other  men  of  great  and  comprehensive  minds  here 
seems  to  have  engaged  in  a  pursuit  too  extensive,  perhaps,  for  the 
powers  of  any  individual  of  the  human  race  to  execute  with  pre 
cision  and  propriety." 

Mr.  Bentham's  principal  work  was  first  published  in 
French  in  1802.  It  is  entitled  Traites  de  Legislation  Civile 
et  Penale;  prece'de's  de  Principes  Ge"neraux  de  Legislation, 
et  d'une  Vue  d'un  Corps  complet  de  Droit ;  termin6s  par 
un  Essai  sur  1'influence  des  Terns  et  des  Lieux  relative- 
ment  aux  Lois,  Paris,  an.  x.,  1802.  This  work  was  trans 
lated  into  French  by  M.  Dumont  "d'apres  les  Manuscrits 
confies  par  1'Auteur."  We  should  not  omit  to  notice  Mr. 
R.  Hildreth's  translation  of  this  work  into  English,  Boston, 
2  vols.  12mo,  1840. 

Other  works  of  Bentham's  are,  A  Plea  for  the  Constitu 
tion,  1803.  Scotch  Reform  Considered,  1808.  Defence  of 
Economy  against  Burke,  1810-17.  Ditto  against  Rose, 
1810-17.  Elements  of  the  Art  of  Packing,  1810-21.  Theorie 
des  Peines  et  des  Recompenses,  redigee  en  Francais  par 
Dumont,  1812. 

"  The  law  student  cannot  fail  in  being  much  delighted  with  this 
work ;  it  is  a  book  replete  with  original  and  philosophical  thoughts 
and  sound  practical  observations,  conveyed  in  a  manner  of  pecu-  | 
liar  force,  and  often  in  language  of  great  novelty  and  appropriate-  ! 
ness ;  in  fine,  in  a  style  not  entirely  Mr.  Bentham's.  but  in  his  best 
manner,  with  the  exception  of  his  Essay  on  Usury,  and  his  Frag 
ments  on  Government." — Hoffman's  Legal  Study. 

"  Mr.  Bentham  has  particularly  and  philosophically  examined  i 
the  subject  of  punishment.     His  writings  have  been  and  will  be  I 
of  great  practical  benefit  to  mankind.    They  will  form  the  mine  ' 
wherein  statesmen  are  to  work  for  the  ore  that  must  be  converted 
to  the  uses  of  Legislation.  In  practical  legislation,  in  the  laborious, 
and,  what  to  most  men  would  be,  the  tedious,  scrutiny  of  existing 
abuses,  in  the  unwearied  exposure  of  inconsistency  in  our  laws, 
and  a  daring  without  check,  and  before  him  without  precedent,  in 
sifting  their  very  foundations,  and  penetrating  the  most  awful  and  i 


mysterious  recesses  of  the  temple  of  Justice,  he  stands  perhaps 
without  a  rival  among  men." — Lon.  Eclectic  Hevitw. 

This  treatise  was  trans,  into  English,  under  the  follow 
ing  titles;  The  Rationale  of  Reward,  Lon.,  1825,  8vo. 
The  Rationale  of  Punishment,  Lon.,  1829,  8vo. 

On  the  Law  of  Evidence,  1813.  Church  of  Englandism 
and  its  Catechism  examined,  1818.  Essai  sur  la  Tactique 
des  Assemblers  Politiques,  par  Durnont,  1816.  Swear  not 
at  all,  &c.,  printed  1813,  pub.  1817.  Chrestomathia,  1817. 
Codification  Proposal,  1822.  Traite"  des  Preuves  Judici- 
aires,  par  Dumont,  Paris,  1823.  M.  Dumont  tells  us  that 
this  Treatise  cost  the  author  more  labour  than  any  other 
of  his  works.  The  editor  reduced  to  shape  a  mass  of  ma 
terials  which  had  been  accumulating  for  a  long  period 
Trans,  into  English,  Lon.,  1825,  8vo.  The  Book  of  Falla 
cies  from  his  unfinished  papers,  by  a  Friend,  appeared  in 
1824.  Rationale  of  Judicial  Evidence,  specially  applied 
to  English,  by  Mr.  Mill,  from  the  author's  MSS.,  5  vols. 
8vo,  1827. 

"  We  could  have  wished  the  present  editor  had  translated  the 
work  out  of  the  obscure  involuted  Benthamic  dialect  in  which  it 
is  written.  A  book  more  disgustingly  affected,  and  so  nearly  un 
intelligible,  it  is  not  possible  to  produce  in  the  English  language. 
It  is  a  vast  and  most  luxuriant  forest  of  disquisition  and  informa 
tion;  a  production  which  has  occupied  a  powerful,  original,  and 
active  mind,  with  little  interruption,  during  a  long  and  studious 
life." — American  Southern  Review. 

We  have  not  thought  it  necessary,  in  our  limited  space, 
to  give  the  titles  of  all  the  publications  of  this  voluminous 
author.  Among  the  last  pieces  of  the  two  years  preceding 
his  death  were,  The  1st  vol.  of  a  Constitutional  Code ;  Offi 
cial  Aptitude  Maximized;  Expense  Minimized;  Justice 
and  Codification  Petitions;  Letter  to  his  French  Fellow- 
Citizens;  Letter  to  the  French  Chamber  of  Peers,  and  Re 
marks  on  the  Bankruptcy  Bill.  An  edition  of  his  works 
has  been  pub.  in  11  vols.  8vo,  Edin.,  1843,  edited  by  Dr. 
Bowring,  with  an  introduction  by  J.  H.  Burton,  Esq.  We 
shall  now  proceed  to  give  some  opinions  on  our  celebrated 
author  and  his  productions.  We  make  a  brief  extract  from 
Brissot's  celebrated  sketch  : 

Candour  in  the  countenance,  mildness  in  the  looks,  serenity 
upon  the  brow,  calmness  in  the  language,  coolness  in  the  move 
ments,  imperturbability  united  with  the  keenest  feeling;  such  are 
his  qualities.  .  .  .  When  he  had  examined  all  these  wrecks  of  Gothic 
Law,  and  collected  his  materials,  he  applied  himself  to  the  con 
struction  of  a  systematic  plan  of  civil  and  criminal  law,  founded 
entirely  upon  reason,  and  having  for  its  object  the  happiness  of 
the  human  race." 

Dr.  Parr,  a  small  man  with  a  great  name — a  man  ridicu 
lously  overrated — perhaps  overpraises  Bentham  as  much  as 
Bishop  Butler  overpraises  Parr : 

"Dr.  Parr  considered  Jeremy  Bentham  as  the  wisest  man  of  his 
time,  whose  powerful  and  penetrating  mind  had  anticipated  the 
improvements  of  coming  ages,  and  who,  on  the  all-important  sub 
ject  of  Jurisprudence  has  discovered  and  collected  knowledge, 
which  will  scarcely  find  its  way  to  the  great  mass  of  human  intel 
lect,  perhaps  through  the  course  of  another  century." — Field's  Life 
of  Parr,  vol.  ii.,  p.  203. 

"In  Jeremy  Bentham  the  world  has  lost  the  great  teacher  and 
patriot  of  his  time ;  the  man  who,  of  all  men  who  were  living  on 
the  day  of  his  death,  has  exercised  and  is  exercising  over  the  for 
tunes  of  mankind  the  widest  and  most  durable  influence.  .  .  .  There 
are  some  most  important  branches  of  the  science  of  law  which  were 
in  a  more  wretched  state  than  almost  any  of  the  others  when  he 
took  them  in  hand,  and  which  he  has  so  exhausted,  that  he  seems 
to  have  left  nothing  to  be  sought  by  future  inquirers;  we  mean 
the  departments  of  procedure,  evidence,  and  the  judicial  establish 
ment." — London  Examiner. 

The  Traites  de  Legislation  Civile  et  Penale  was  reviewed 
at  length  by  Lord  Jeffrey  in  the  Edinburgh  Review : 

"  The  plan  which  Mr.  Bentham  has  chalked  out  for  himself  in 
this  undertaking,  is  more  vast  and  comprehensive,  we  believe,  than 
was  ever  ventured  upon  before  by  the  ambition  of  any  one  indi 
vidual.  It  embraces  almost  every  thing  that  is  important  in  the 
science  of  human  nature,  and  not  only  touches  upon  all  the  hitrher 
questions  of  government  and  legislation,  but  includes  most  of  the 
abstract  principles  of  ethics  and  metaphysics,  and  professes  to  de 
lineate  those  important  rules  by  which  the  finest  speculations  of 
philosophy  may  be  made  to  exert  their  influence  on  the  actual  con 
dition  of  society Notwithstanding  all  that  M.  Dumont  has  done 

to  render  the  work  popular,  we  are  afraid  that  it  will  have  fe\m 
readers  than  it  desarves.  Those  who  do  read  it,  will  also  dissent, 
we  should  imagine,  from  many  of  the  author's  fundamental  prin 
ciples  ;  but  they  will  infallibly  be  delighted  with  the  sagacity  and 
independence  which  distinguish  all  his  speculations,  and  will 
look  forward  with  impatience  to  the  publication  of  his  entire  sys 
tem."— Vol.  ii.,  1804. 

The  reviewing  of  the  Book  of  Fallacies,  (pub.  1824,)  fell 
to  the  lot  of  the  witty  author  of  Peter  Plymley's  Letters. 
We  commend  the  critique  to  the  attention  of  our  readers. 
Sydney  Smith  introduces  the  subject  in  his  own  amusing 
style : 

"Whether  it  is  necessary  there  should  be  a  middleman  between 
the  cultivator  and  possessor,  learned  economists  doubted;  but 
neither  gods,  men,  nor  booksellers  can  doubt,  the  necessity  of  a 
middleman  between  Mr.  Bentham  and  the  public.  Mr.  Bentham 
is  long;  Mr.  Bentham  is  occasionally  involved  and  obscure;  Mr. 


BEN 


BEN 


Bentham  invents  new  and  alarming  expressions;  Mr.  Bentham 
loves  division  and  subdivision — and  he  loves  method  itself,  more 
than  its  consequences.  Those  only,  therefore,  who  know  his  origi 
nality,  his  knowledge,  his  vigour,  and  his  boldness,  will  recur  to 
the  works  themselves.  The  great  mass  of  readers  will  not  purchase 
improvement  at  so  dear  a  rate;  but  will  choose  rather  to  become 
acquainted  with  Mr.  Bentham  through  the  Reviews— after  that 
eminent  philosopher  has  been  washed,  trimmed,  shaved,  and  forced 
into  clean  linen."— Edin.  Review,  vol.  xlii.,  1825. 

In  the  Papers  relative  to  Codification  were  included  the 
author's  correspondence  with  divers  constituted  authorities 
in  the  United  States  of  America,  relative  to  the  improve 
ment  of  their  legislation : 

"  The  United  States  are  still  subject  to  the  common  law  of  Eng 
land,  except  so  far  as  that  law  has  been  altered  or  repealed  by 
British  or  American  statutes.  In  the  opinion  of  Mr.  Bentham,  an 
unwritten  law  must  always  be  attended  with  great  evils;  and  he 
earnestly  exhorts  the  Americans,  in  the  place  of  it,  to  substitute 
a  written  code.  The  greater  part  of  what  is  addressed  on  this  sub 
ject  to  America  is  immediately  applicable  to  England ;  and  a  mat 
ter  of  greater  or  more  increasing  importance  can  hardly  be  presented 
to  our  view.  .  . .  What  principally  obstructs  the  circulation  of  Mr. 
Bentham's  writings,  is  the  style  in  which  they  are  composed.  Un 
like  most  authors,  Mr.  BenthanTs  first  publications  are,  in  point  of 
writing,  the  most  perfect;  and  long  habit  and  frequent  exercise, 
instead  of  improving  his  language,  seem  only  to  have  rendered  it 
perplexed,  obscure,  and  uncouth." — Edin.  Review,  vol.  xxix.,  1817. 

The  Rationale  of  Judicial  Evidence,  (pub.  1827,)  is  very 
freely  reviewed  in  the  same  periodical.  The  critic  thus 
concludes : 

"  As  we  have  spoken  plainly  our  real  sentiments  regarding  the 
flaws  which  strike  across  this  great  work  a  vein  so  deep  and  coarse 
that  there  is  scarce  a  page  together  which  we  have  read  with  un- 
mingled  pleasure ;  we  are  bound  to  state  with  equal  sincerity,  that 
we  should  have  thought  it  impossible  for  any  book  upon  a  subject 
with  which  we  had  fancied  ourselves  well  acquainted,  and  which, 
in  our  idiomatic  form  of  it  at  least,  we  had  been  long  conversant, 
to  have  given  us  so  many  new  ideas,  and  to  have  so  completely 
changed  our  old  ones." — Ibid.,  vol.  xlviii.,  1828. 

The  Theorie  des  Peines  et  des  Recompenses,  (pub.  1811,) 
affords  an  opportunity  for  honourable  mention  of  the  author  : 

"  Additional  time  for  meditating  upon  the  subject  has  only  con 
firmed  the  conviction  originally  entertained,  of  the  essential  services 
rendered  to  the  most  important  branch  of  legislation  by  this  pro 
mulgation  of  Mr.  Bentham's  doctrines." — Ibid.,  vol.  xxii.,  1813. 

In  a  notice  of  Deontology,  or  the  Science  of  Morality, 
arranged  by  Dr.  Bowring  from  the  MSS.  of  Mr.  Bentham, 
(pub.  1834,)  the  Edinburgh  reviewer  remarks, 

"  That  the  Germans,  the  most  accurate,  learned,  and  philosophical 
nation  in  Europe,  admit  the  merits  of  Mr.  Bentham  as  a  juriscon 
sult,  in  his  analysis  and  classification  of  the  material  interests  of 
life;  but  their  metaphysicians  and  moralists  agree,  we  believe, 
without  an  exception,  in  considering  his  speculative  philosophy  as 
undeserving  even  the  pomp  and  ceremony  of  an  argument." — 
Vol.  Ixi.,  1835. 

With  respect  to  adverse  criticism,  Mr.  Bentham  pursued 
a  plan  the  adoption  of  which  would  save  many  poor  au 
thors  much  mortification  and  chagrin ;  he  made  it  a  rule 
to  read  nothing  against  his  theories. 

Church  of  Englandism  and  its  Catechism  examined,  (pub. 
1818,)  is  severely  rebuked  in  the  Lon.  Quarterly  Review  : 

'  It  is  fortunate  that  this  book  (as  we  have  said)  is  not  at  all 
attractive;  it  is  too  obscure  to  be  generally  understood,  and  too 
ridiculous  to  be  admired;  and  however  mischievous  the  intention, 
the  tendency  will  be  very  innoxious.  Of  its  worst  part,  the  inde 
cent  levity  with  which  all  that  is  sacred  is  treated  in  it,  we  have 
not  spoken.  These  offences  must  be  answered  for  at  a  higher  tri 
bunal  ;  but  we  would  seriously  recommend  it  to  the  author  to 
consider  whether  the  decline  of  life  cannot  be  better  spent  than  in 
captiously  cavilling  at  the  doctrines  of  religion,  and  in  profane  ri 
dicule  of  its  most  holy  rites." — Vol.  xxi.,18l9. 

Rev.  H.  J.  Rose  pub.  A  Critical  Examination  of  those 
parts  of  Bentham's  work  which  relate  to  the  Sacraments 
and  Church  Catechism,  Lon.,  1819,  8vo. 

A  notice  of  Chrestomathia,  a  work  upon  education,  &c., 
(pub.  1817,)  will  be  found  in  the  Monthly  Review,  vol.  xc., 
1819  i 

"  In  the  present  treatise,  as  in  all  the  works  of  Mr.  Bentham, 
the  reader  will  discover  much  originality  of  thought;  for  the  au 
thor  never  sits  down  to  examine  any  of  the  objects  of  intellectual 
pursuit  without  illuminating  them  by  the  rays  of  his  own  en 
lightened  understanding.  Mr.  Bentham  has  long  been  a  darino- 
innovator  in  the  use  of  words ;  and  he  scatters  his  new  terms  over 
his  page  '  thick  as  autumnal  leaves  that  strew  the  brooks  La  Val- 
lombrosa.' " 

Bentham's  Theory  of  Legislation  translated  into  English 
by  R.  Hildreth,  (see  ante,)  was  reviewed  by  Mr.  W.  Phil 
lips  in  the  North  American  Review,  vol.  li.,  384 : 

"  Mr.  Bentham's  political  speculations  are  not  without  theoreti 
cal  distortions ;  but  he  is  not  very  Utopian,  he  does  not  write  of 
perfect  commonwealths,  founded  upon  a  state  of  manners,  morals 
and  intelligence,  of  rights  and  obligations,  that  have  been  out  of 
vogue  ever  since  the  golden  age.  He  takes  mankind  as  he  finds 
them,  with  their  passions,  views,  depravity,  and  blind  prejudices: 
and  sometimes  reminds  his  readers  of  Solon's  modification  of  theo 
ries  and  principles,  by  the  rule,  that  you  are  only  to  give  a  people 
as  good  a  code  as  they  will  bear." 

The  author  of  the  letters  addressed  to  Sir  Robert  Peel 
under  the  signature  of  Eunomus  handles  Bentham  with 


great  severity ;  whilst,  on  the  other  hand,  Mr.  E.  Sinclair 
Cullen  declares  that  when  he  reads  the  criticisms  of  those 
who — 

" '  Bounded  by  nature,  narrowed  still  by  art, 
A  trifling  head,  and  a  contracted  heart,' — 

attack  the  opinions  and  deride  the  style  of  Mr.  Bentham,  I  am 
the  more  struck  with  his  stupendous  superiority  of  mind,  and  his 

enviable  superiority  of  feeling But  I  let  my  pen  drop  with 

humility  ; — suddenly  ashamed  at  my  presumption  in  fancying  that 
I  can  offer  any  worthy  homage  to  a  person  so  celebrated  in  all 
quarters  of  the  world  as  a  benefactor  to  mankind." 

In  a  similar  strain,  a  writer  in  the  New  Monthly  Maga 
zine  does  not  scruple  to  say  that  "a  knowledge  of  his 
works  is  a  key  which  unlocks  all  the  mysteries  of  social 
and  political  government."  The  advocacy  of  Mr.  Mill 
and  the  strictures  of  Sir  Samuel  Romilly,  Sir  James  Mack 
intosh,  and  Mr.  Macaulay  need  only  be  referred  to  here. 
Our  utilitarian  philosopher  was  not  considered  unworthy 
the  adulation  of  princes.  Talleyrand  made  a  proposal  a 
few  weeks  before  the  author's  death  to  have  a  complete 
edition  of  his  works  published  at  Paris  in  the  French  lan 
guage.  The  Emperor  Alexander  sent  him  a  diamond  ring, 
which,  as  Major  Parry  thinks, to  his  "immortal  honour/' 
but  as  we  think,  rather  in  bad  taste,  he  returned. 

In  the  words  of  Sir  James  Mackintosh, 

"  It  cannot  be  denied  without  injustice  and  ingratitude,  that 
Mr.  Bentham  has  done  more  than  any  other  writer  to  rouse  the 
spirit  of  juridical  reformation  which  is  now  gradually  examining 
every  part  of  law ;  and  when  further  progress  is  facilitated  by  di 
gesting  the  present  laws,  will  doubtless  proceed  to  the  improve 
ment  of  all.  Greater  praise  it  is  given  to  few  to  earn."— Prel.  Dis. 
to  Encyc.  Brit. 

Had  the  philosopher  been  more  distrustful  of  himself,  he 
would  have  proved  of  more  benefit  to  others,  and  a  greater 
share  of  humility  would  have  added  to  his  true  greatness. 

Bentham,  Joseph.     Theolog.  works,  Lon.,  1630-36. 

Bentham,  Thomas,  b.  about  1513,  d.  1578,  Bishop 
of  Lichfield  and  Coventry,  trans,  the  Book  of  Psalms 
into  English  at  the  command  of  Queen  Elizabeth ;  he  like 
wise  trans.  Ezekiel  and  Daniel.  He  also  pub.  a  sermon  on 
St.  Matt.  xli.  11. 

Bentinck,  Henry  Cavendish,  Lord  William, 
K.  B.  Account  of  the  Mutiny  at  Vallore,  Lon.,  1810, 4to. 

Bentley,  Elizabeth,  daughter  of  a  journeyman 
cordwainer,  born  at  Norwich,  1767.  Genuine  Poetical 
Compositions,  on  various  Subjects,  Lon.,  1791,  8vo. 

Bentley,  Hugh.  British  Class  Book;  or  Exercises 
in  Reading  and  Elocution,  Lon.,  1837,  12mo. 

"Mr.  Bentley  has  made  the  selections  with  an  excellent  dis 
crimination  and  fine  taste ;  and  we  have  no  doubt  the  work  will 
take  a  station  in  the  first  class  of  works  designed  for  tuition.  To 
a  general  purchaser,  it  is  valuable  from  the  intrinsic  worth  and 
variety  of  its  contents." — Britannia. 

Bentley,  John.     Theolog.  works,  Lon.,  1803-12. 

Bentley,  John.  The  Royal  Convert;  a  Sacred  Dranm, 
1803.  The  Royal  Penitent;  a  Sacred  Drama,  1804. 

Bentley,  Richard,  D.D.,  1661-2—1742,  was  a  native 
of  Oulton,  near  Wakefield,  in  the  West  Riding  of  York 
shire.  In  1676  he  was  sent  to  St.  John's  College,  Cain- 
bridge,  where  he  gave  such  proofs  of  application  to  his 
studies,  that  at  the  early  age  of  twenty  he  was  nominated 
by  the  Fellows  of  St.  John's  to  the  head-mastership  of  the 
grammar  school  of  Spalding,  in  Lincolnshire.  After  hold 
ing  this  situation  for  a  twelvemonth,  he  accepted  the  office 
of  domestic  tutor  to  the  son  of  Dr.  Edward  Stillingfleet, 
the  Dean  of  St.  Paul's,  and  subsequently  Bishop  of  Wor 
cester.  In  1692  he  received  a  prebend  in  Worcester  Cathe 
dral,  and  was  appointed  to  deliver  the  first  series  of  the 
Boyle  Lectures.  In  the  next  year  he  was  made  keeper  of 
the  Royal  Library  at  St.  James's.  In  1695  he  was  made 
chaplain  in  ordinary  to  the  King;  and  took  his  degree  of 
D.D.  at  Cambridge,  in  1696.  In  February,  1700,  he  was 
installed  master  of  Trinity  College,  Cambridge,  and  in  the 
same  year  was  collated  to  the  archdeaconry  of  Ely,  vacant 
by  the  death  of  Dr.  Saywell.  In  1717,  by  the  death  of 
Dr.  James,  the  Regius  Professorship  of  Divinity  became 
vacant,  and  was  obtained  by  Dr.  Bentley  by  the  use  of  the 
most  skilful  management.  Our  space  will  not  permit  ua 
to  enter  into  any  detailed  account  of  the  unhappy  contro 
versies  in  which  the  master  of  Trinity  bore  so  prominent 
a  part.  His  demand  for  an  illegal  fee  was  resisted  by 
Conyers  Middleton,  who  was  sustained  by  the  Vice-chan 
cellor's  court.  Bentley  treated  the  authorities  with  the 
same  contempt  which  he  had  displayed  for  his  accuser ; 
and  on  his  refusal  to  make  reparation,  the  senate,  by  a 
large  majority,  deprived  him  of  all  his  degrees.  This  de 
cree  was  followed  by  a  lively  controversy,  in  which  Mid 
dleton  displayed  great  ability.  The  Fellows  of  Trinity  at 
last  resolved  to  bring  their  grievances  to  a  judicial  tribu 
nal.  The  cause  was  finally  referred  to  the  House  of  Lords, 


BEN 


BEN 


who  commissioned  Dr.  Greene,  the  Bishop  of  Ely,  to  try 
Dr.  Bentley  upon  twenty  out  of  the  sixty-four  articles  ex 
hibited  against  him.  The  Bishop  sentenced  him  to  be  de 
prived  of  his  mastership,  and  his  enemies  seemed  to  have 
completely  triumphed.  But  Bentley  was  not  easily  out 
witted.  The  sentence  of  the  Bishop  could  be  put  in  exe 
cution  by  none  but  the  vice-master ;  Bentley  placed  his 
devoted  adherent,  Richard  Walker,  in  that  office ;  and  the 
new  incumbent,  pleading  that  lie  was  not  the  same  vice- 
master,  refused  to  carry  the  sentence  into  execution.  In 
1738  Bishop  Greene  died;  the  proceedings  were  not  re 
vived,  and  Bentley  triumphed  j  holding  out  for  28  years 
against  all  right  and  law,  despising  alike  ecclesiastical 
authority,  and  the  censure  of  the  university.  We  will  now 
turn  to  a  more  pleasing  subject — the  literary  character  of 
this  great  scholar  and  eminent  classical  critic. 

His  first  publication  was  Epistola  ad  clarum  virum  Joan- 
nem  Millium,  appended  to  the  Oxford  edition  of  the  Chro 
nicle  of  Joannes  Malelas  Antiochenus.  This  dissertation 
at  once  established  his  reputation  throughout  Europe  as 
"  a  critic  of  the  very  highest  order  of  excellence."  It  was 
received  with  the  "loudest  commendations  by  Graevius 
and  Ezekiel  Spanheim ;  and  has  ever  since  been  spoken 
of  by  the  first  critics  with  reverence  and  wonder.  See,  in 
particular,  Ruhnken's  preface  to  Albert!  Hesychius." 

"There  is,  perhaps,  no  learned  work  of  the  same  compass  which 
can  be  compared  with  it  for  ingenuity,  originality,  and  copious 
erudition.  The  observations  on  Hesychius  are  particularly  valu 
able." 

"  When  we  consider  the  number  of  topics  discussed— of  which 
many  were  among  the  most  obscure  and  intricate  within  the  whole 
range  of  philological  criticism, — the  reach  and  originality  of  his 
speculations  on  questions  supposed  to  have  been  exhausted  by  the 
learning  and  sagacity  of  his  predecessors, — the  prodigious  display 
of  erudition,  apparently  not  less  extensive,  and  incomparably  more 
accurate  than  that  of  Salmasius,  Scaliger,  or  Casaubon — the  close, 
irresistible  logic  with  which  he  supports  all  his  discoveries  and 
conclusions,— and  the  animation  of  his  style,  which  throws  a 
charm  and  liveliness  over  subjects  naturally  the  most  devoid  of 
interest,  we  may  safely  pronounce  the  Epistle  to  Dr.  Mill  to  be  one 
of  the  most  extraordinary  performances  in  the  entire  compass  of 
classical  literature.  Indeed,  but  for  one  of  the  subsequent  pro 
ductions  of  the  same  author,  it  would  have  remained  to  this  day 
unrivalled." — Cunningham's  Biog.  Hist. 

Mr.  Hallam,  after  remarking  that  Bentley  was  the  great 
est  English  critic  in  his  own,  or  possibly  any  other,  age, 
proceeds  to  notice  the  Epistle  to  Mill : 

"  In  a  desultory  and  almost  garrulous  strain  Bentley  pours  forth 
an  immense  store  of  novel  learning  and  of  acute  criticism,  espe 
cially  on  his  favourite  subject,  which  was  destined  to  become  his 
glory,  the  scattered  relics  of  the  ancient  dramatists.  The  style  of 
Bentlev,  always  terse  and  lively,  sometimes  humorous  and  dryly 
sarcastic,  whether  he  wrote  in  Latin  or  in  English,  could  not  but 
augment  the  admiration  which  his  learning  challenged.  Grsevius 
and  Spanheim  pronounced  him  the  rising  star  of  British  litera 
ture,  and  a  correspondence  with  the  former  began  in  1692,  which 
continued  in  unbroken  friendship  till  his  death." — Lit.  of  Europe. 

In  1696  he  transmitted  to  Graevius  his  notes  and  emen 
dations  on  Callimachus,  with  a  large  collection  of  the 
fragments  of  that  poet. 

"  The  erudition  and  critical  acumen  displayed  in  these  contri 
butions  to  his  friend's  edition,  were  such  as  fully  to  sustain  his 
reputation  as  the  first  scholar  of  modern  times." 

The  celebrated  controversy  respecting  the  genuineness 
of  the  Epistles  of  Phalaris  now  claims  our  attention.  Sir 
William  Temple  had  cited  the  Epistles  of  Phalaris  and  the 
Fables  of  j53sop  as  conspicuous  instances  of  the  superiority 
of  ancient  literature  over  modern.  Wotton  replied  with 
ability ;  and  Bentley  promised  to  prove  that  the  JSsopian 
Fables  were  not  JEsop's,  and  that  the  Epistles  of  Phalaris 
were  a  modern  forgery.  A  new  edition  of  the  Epistles 
was  preparing  about  this  time  at  Christ  Church  College, 
Oxford,  and  the  Honourable  Charles  Boyle,  a  student  in 
the  college,  was  selected  as  the  editor.  The  preface  to  the 
new  edition  contained  a  censure  upon  Bentley  for  a  sup 
posed  want  of  courtesy  respecting  the  use  of  a  MS.  in  the 
library  at  St.  James's.  The  bookseller,  Bennet,  had  at 
tempted  to  cover  his  negligence  by  throwing  the  blame 
upon  Dr.  Bentley,  the  librarian.  The  latter  wrote  to  Mr. 
Boyle,  and  explained  the  facts  of  the  case.  Boyle  replied, 
that 

"  What  Mr.  Bentley  had  said  might  be  true,  but  that  the  book 
seller  had  represented  the  matter  quite  otherwise,  and  that  Mr. 
Bentley  might  seek  his  redress  in  any  method  he  pleased." 

In  1697  Wotton  published  a  new  edition  of  his  Reply  to 
Sir  William  Temple,  and  begged  his  friend  Bentley  to  ful 
fil  his  promise,  and  furnish  him  with  the  proof  of  the  spu- 
riousness  of  the  Epistles  to  Phalaris,  the  Fables  of  ^Esop, 
and  the  Letters  of  Themistocles,  of  Socrates,  and  of  Eu 
ripides.  Dr.  Bentley  complied  with  the  request,  and  com 
posed  a  masterly  demonstration  of  the  position  which  he 
had  so  boldly  assumed. 

"Considered  as  a  whole,  the  dissertation  must  be  pronounced  a 
170 


masterpiece  of  learning  and  ability,  to  the  production  of  which  no 
other  writer  of  the  age  was  equal." 

The  scholars  of  Christ  Church,  amazed  but  not  silenced, 
determined  to  encounter  their  formidable  opponent,  and 
deputed  a  committee,  consisting  of  Atterbury,  Smalridge, 
Anthony  Alsop,  and  the  two  brothers  Freind,  to  carry  on 
the  war.  Atterbury,  afterwards  Bishop  of  Rochester,  was 
the  principal  champion.  The  rejoinder  appeared  in  March, 
1698.  It  was  styled  Dr.  Bentley's  Dissertations  on  the 
Epistles  of  Phalaris  and  the  Fables  of  ^Esop,  examined 
by  the  Hon.  Charles  Boyle.  This  work  was  as  contemptible 
in  point  of  philological  learning  as  it  was  brilliant  in  the 
more  popular  qualities  of  wit  and  satire. 

"It  was  received  by  the  literary  world  with  a  tempest  of  ap 
plause.  Wits  and  witlings,  poets,  mathematicians,  and  anti 
quaries  concurred  in  celebrating  the  imaginary  triumph  of  the 
Oxonians,  and  persecuting  the  great  critic  who  was  soon  to  crush 
them  at  a  blow." 

Pope,  Swift,  Aldrich,  Garth,  Dodwell,  and  Conyers  Mid- 
dleton  were  among  his  opponents.  Dr.  Garth  has  stereo 
typed  his  own  ignorance  in  the  well-known  couplet  in  his 
Dispensary : 

"  So  diamonds  owe  a  lustre  to  their  foil, 
And  to  a  Bentley  'tis  we  owe  a  Boyle." 

Swift's  Battle  of  the  Books  is  about  the  only  one  of  all 
the  satires  aimed  at  Bentley  which  is  now  known  to  the 
general  reader.  But  the  triumphing  of  the  Pigmies  was 
short.  In  1699  the  doctor  carried  dismay  into  the  ranks 
of  the  adversary  by  the  "  unrivalled  and  immortal"  Dis 
sertation  upon  the  Epistles  of  Phalaris,  with  an  Answer  to 
the  objections  of  the  Hon.  Robt.  Boyle.  The  victory  was 
complete :  the  enemy  was  made  to  "  bite  the  dust,"  and 
the  battle  was  at  an  end. 

"To  those  who  never  critically  examined  this  truly  stupendous 
production,  it  is  impossible  to  convey  an  adequate  conception  of 
its  merits.  To  affirm  that  it  vindicates  the  character  of  Beutley  in 
every  particular  on  which  it  had  been  assailed,  and,  with  one  in 
considerable  exception,  sustains  every  position  that  he  had  ad 
vanced  in  the  original  dissertation  upon  Phalaris,  is  saying  little. 
It  is  replete  throughout  with  learning  of  the  finest  and  rarest 
quality.  The  same  unequalled  force  and  subtlety  of  intellect 
which  had  distinguished  the  appendix  to  the  Chronicle  of  Malelas, 
is  here  exhibited  to  even  greater  advantage.  The  style,  though 
wanting  in  harmony  and  elegance,  is  full  of  energy ;  and  the  wit 
and  sarcasm  with  which  the  whole  piece  abounds,  if  inferior  to 
that  of  his  adversaries  in  the  qualities  of  ease  and  grace,  is  equal, 
perhaps  superior,  in  pungency.  This  incomparable  work  was, 
after  an  interval  of  nearly  eighty  years,  translated  into  Latin  by 
Lennep,  a  scholar  of  eminence,  and  one  of  the  pupils  of  the  illus 
trious  Valckenaer." — Cunningham's  Biog.  Hist. 

"  It  may  be  said,  with  perfect  truth,  that,  as  a  combination  of 
profound  learning  and  great  originality  with  lively  wit  and  sound 
logic,  it  has  never  been  paralleled.  Although  it  came  forth  as  an 
occasional  and  controversial  work,  such  is  the  fulness  with  which 
every  subject  in  it  is  discussed,  that  it  is  still  used  as  a  text-book 
in  our  universities,  and  will  always  continue  to  be  read  even  by 
those  who  have  no  interest  in,  nor  acquaintance  with,  the  book  to 
which  it  is  professedly  an  answer."— dose's  Biog.  Diet. 

We  have  quoted  Mr.  Hallam's  observations  on  the  Epis 
tle  to  Mill.  This  eminent  authority  proceeds  to  remark  : 

"  But  the  rare  qualities  of  Bentley  were  more  abundantly  dis 
played,  and  before  the  eyes  of  a  more  numerous  tribunal,  in  his 
famous  dissertation  on  the  epistles  ascribed  to  Phalaris.  ...  It 
was  the  first  great  literary  war  that  had  been  waged  in  England; 
and  like  that  of  Troy,  it  has  still  the  prerogative  of  being  remem 
bered,  after  the  Epistles  of  Phalaris  are  almost  as  much  buried  as 
the  walls  of  Troy  itself.  Both  combatants  were  skilful  in  wielding 
the  sword :  the  arms  of  Boyle,  in  Swift's  language,  were  given 
him  by  all  the  gods ;  but  his  antagonist  stood  forward  in  no  such 
figurative  strength,  master  of  a  learning  to  which  nothing  paral 
lel  had  been  known  in  England,  and  that  directed  by  an  under 
standing  prompt,  discriminating,  not  idly  skeptical,  but  still  fur 
ther  removed  from  trust  in  authority ;  sagacious  in  perceiving  cor 
ruptions  of  language,  and  ingenious,  at  the  least,  in  removing 
them;  with  a  style  rapid,  concise,  amusing,  and  superior  to  Boyl* 
in  that  which  he  had  chiefly  to  boast,  a  sarcastic  wit." — Lit.  of 
Europe. 

Mr.  Disraeli,  in  his  Quarrels  of  Authors,  remarks : 

"Bentley's  Dissertation  on  Phalaris  is  a  volume  of  perpetual 
value  to  the  lovers  of  ancient  Literature.  His  narrative  of  the  rise 
of  his  controversy  with  Boyle  is  a  most  vigorous  production;  it 
heaves  with  the  workings  of  a  master  spirit;  still  reasoning  with 
such  force,  and  still  applying  with  such  happiness  the  stores  of 
his  copious  literature,  that  had  it  not  been  for  this  Literary  Quar 
rel,  the  mere  English  reader  had  lost  this  single  opportunity  of 
surveying  that  commanding  intellect.  Posterity  justly  appreciates 
the  volume  of  Bentley  for  its  stores  of  Ancient  Literature,  and  the 
author  for  that  peculiar  sagacity  in  emending  a  corrupt  text,  which 
formed  his  distinguishing  characteristic  as  a  classical  critic." 

The  Rev.  Mr.  Dyce,  the  learned  editor  of  Bentley's  works, 
(Lon.,  1836-38,  3  vols.  only  published,)  observes  that 

"On  Bentley's  memorable  performances,  the  Dissertations  on 
Phalaris,  criticism  has  been  exhausted.  In  the  just  arrangement 
of  the  matter,  in  the  logical  precision  of  the  arguments,  and  in 
the  readiness  and  skill  with  which  the  most  extensive  and  refined 
erudition  is  brought  to  bear  upon  the  points  contested,  it  is  per 
haps  unrivalled  by  any  single  work.  Enriched  with  incidental 
disquisitions  on  many  different  topics  of  classical  learning,  it  will 


BEN 

ever  be  prized  by  the  student  as  a  storehouse  of  important  infor- 

"  Good  sense,"  says  Bishop  Warburton,  "  is  the  foundation  of 
criticism;  this  it  is  that  has  made  Dr.  Bentley  and  Bishop  Hare 
the  two  "reatest  critics  that  ever  were  in  the  world.  Not  that  good 
sense  alone  will  be  sufficient;  for  that  considerable  part  of  it, 
emending  a  corrupt  text,  there  must  be  a  certain  sagacity,  which 
is  so  distinguishing  a  quality  in  Dr.  Bentley."— Bishop  Warburton 
to  Dr.  Birch  :  Nichols's  Literary  Anecdotes. 

In  1708  Bentley  addressed  to  Ludolph  Kuster,  who  was 
engaged  upon  an  edition  of  Aristophanes,  Three  Critical 
•  Epistles,  containing  annotations  upon  the  Plutus  and  the 
Nubes.  In  the  next  year  he  communicated  a  number  of 
notes  to  Davies's  edition  of  the  Tusculan  Questions  of 
Cicero.  These  were  followed  by  the  celebrated  Emenda 
tions  of  Menander  Philemon.  How  severely  he  rebuked 
the  presumption  of  Le  Clerc,  and  the  controversy  which 
ensued  thereon,  are  matters  doubtless  familiar  to  many  of 
our  readers.  His  edition  of  Horace,  which  had  engaged 
him  for  ten  years,  was  published  at  Cambridge  in  1711, 
4to.  This  work  claims  both  praise  and  censure.  The 
illustrative  annotations,  and  many  of  the  emendations, 
are  invaluable ;  the  chronology  has  been  approved  as  sound, 
and  the  logical  acuteness  and  penetrating  sagacity  of  the 
editor  cannot  be  sufficiently  admired;  but,  on  the  other 
hand,  indefensible  liberties  are  taken  with  the  text,  and  a 
conjectural  fabric  of  unwieldy  proportions  is  erected  upon 
a  narrow  basis  of  probability.  The  errors  of  so  eminent 
a  critic  were  not  allowed  to  pass  without  chastisement. 
Ker  and  Johnson,  and  long  afterwards,  Cunningham,  in 
his  rival  edition  of  Horace,  (1721,)  visited  the  offences  of 
the  great  master  with  a  rod  of  iron.  In  1713,  under  the 
signature  of  Phileleutheros  Lipsiensis,  our  author  casti 
gated  Anthony  Collins  for  his  Discourse  of  Free-thinking, 
pub.  in  the  same  year. 

"This  volume  should  be  studied  by  every  man  who  is  desirous 
of  forming  just  notions  of  Biblical  Criticism." — HERBERT  MARSH. 

His  great  sermon  on  Popery  was  preached  and  published 
in  1715.  Some  Kemarks  upon  it  were  pub.  by  John  Gum 
ming  in  1718.  In  1720  he  issued  his  Proposals  for  print 
ing  a  New  Edition  of  the  Greek  Testament.  His  letter  to 
Archbishop  Wake  upon  this  subject  was  dated  four  years 
earlier.  Bentley  designed  to  restore  the  text  of  the  Greek 
Testament  to  the  same  state  in  which  it  was  at  the  Council 
of  Nice.  His  plan  was  "to  amend  the  Greek  text  through 
the  Latin  Vulgate,  in  the  same  way  as  the  version  of  Plato 
by  M.  Ticino  is  made  the  basis  for  corrections  of  the  Greek 
text  of  that  philosopher."  The  22d  chapter  of  the  Apoca 
lypse  was  published  with  the  prospectus  as  a  specimen ;  a 
number  of  MSS.  had  been  collected,  and  £2000  subscribed. 
The  Proposals  were  assailed  by  Conyers  Middleton  in  a 
tone  of  great  severity.  Bentley  replied  to  the  attack — for 
which  he  held  Dr.  Colbatch  partly  responsible — but  he  did 
not  carry  out  his  projected  new  edition.  Whether  he  would 
have  fallen  into  the  errors  apprehended  by  Ernesti,  of 
attaching  too  great  weight  to  those  Greek  MSS.  which  have 
been  interpolated  from  the  Latin  version,  and  to  those  La 
tin  MSS.  which  he  supposed  to  contain  the  genuine  ver 
sion  of  Jerome,  which  certainly  followed  the  text  of  Ori- 
gen — it  is  of  course  impossible  to  decide.  Ernesti  draws 
these  conclusions  from  Bentley's  proposals,  but  what  scho 
lar  does  not  improve — and  sometimes  completely  alter — 
the  original  design  ?  It  is  proper  to  remark  here,  in  con 
nexion  with  the  reference  to  Middleton,  that  in  1724  Bentr 
ley  was  restored  by  a  peremptory  mandamus  to  all  the  de 
grees  and  privileges  of  which  he  had  been  deprived. 

In  1725  appeared  his  celebrated  edition  of  Terence.  This 
is  carefully  prepared,  and  will  bear  the  test  of  criticism. 

"  The  Schediasma  on  Latin  metres  which  is  prefixed  to  it,  is 
still  the  best  treatise  on  the  subject.  Indeed  Bentley  may  be  con 
sidered  as  absolutely  a  discoverer  in  relation  to  Latin  metres:  he 
had  given  a  proof  of  his  originality  in  this  field  in  1709,  in  some 
notes  on  Cicero's  Tusculari«?  Disputationes  appended  to  Davies's  edi 
tion,  in  which  he  had  restored,  in  a  most  ingenious  and  satisfoc- 
tory  manner,  the  fragments  of  the  Latin  poets  quoted  in  that 

Unfortunately  this  creditable  work  was  followed  by  an 
edition  of  Phaedrus  and  Publius  Syrius,  which  has  the  un 
enviable  distinction  of  being  the  most  careless  and  inde 
fensible  production  ever  published  by  its  editor.  For  his 
unwarrantable  alterations  of  the  text,  and  other  faults, 
Dr.  Hare,  whom  Bentley  designed  to,  and  did,  anticipate, 
as  editor  to  Phaedrus,  rebuked  him  severely  in  his  Em's- 
tola  Critica.  Passing  over  for  the  moment  a  review"  of 
Bentley's  revision  of  Paradise  Lost,  we  briefly  notice  a 
labour  for  which  the  critic  was  much  better  qualified— his 
design  to  restore  the  text  of  Homer  to  the  state  in  which 
it  had  been  left  by  the  ancient  rhapsodists. 

"  This  he  intended  to  effect  principally  by  the  revival  and  inser 
tion  of  an  old  letter,  originally  the  sixth  of  the  Greek  alphabet, 


BEN 

which,  as  the  exigencies  of  the  metre  showed,  must  have  been  in 
use  at  the  time  when  the  Homeric  poems  were  composed.  This 
letter,  which  is  commonly  called  the  digcnmma,  has  a  significance 
even  for  the  readers  of  our  lighter  literature.  Most  persons  are 
familiar  with  the  lines  which  Pope,  in  the  fourth  book  of  his  Dun- 
ciad,  puts  into  the  mouth  of  Bentley : 

'  Roman  and  Greek  grammarian,  know  your  better, — 
Author  of  something  yet  more  great  than  letter; 
While  towering  o'er  your  alphabet,  like  Saul, 
Stands  our  digamma,  and  o'ertops  them  all.' 
"The  last  line  refers  to  the  representation  of  the  digamma  by  a 
capital  F,  in  two  quotations  from  Homer  which  appeared  in  the 
notes  to  Milton."    See  the  excellent  article  on  Bentley  in  Kose's 
Biog.  Diet. ;  also  see  Cunningham's  Biog.  Hist. 

Bentley  had  now  reached  the  ripe  age  of  seventy-two, 
when  he  was  arrested  in  his  labours  upon  Homer  by  a 
paralytic  stroke,  which  preceded  his  death  about  three 
years.  The  corrections  in  his  copy  of  the  poet  were  used 
by  Heyne  in  his  edition  of  Homer,  and  many  of  the  emi 
nent  critic's  suggestions  have  been  printed  by  Mr.  Donald 
son  in  the  New  Cratylus.  His  last  employment  was  an 
edition  of  Manilius,  pub.  in  1739  by  his  nephew,  Richard 
Bentley.  We  made  a  passing  reference  to  our  author's 
proposed  emendations  to  the  text  of  Milton.  For  this 
delicate,  and,  indeed,  supererogatory,  task,  few  men  of 
learning  were  less  qualified.  In  those  most  essential 
points,  a  knowledge  of  the  Italian  and  romantic  writers, 
religious  sensibility,  and  a  fervid  imagination,  he  was  re 
markably  deficient.  Even  the  command  of  Queen  Caro 
line  is  no  excuse  for  such  an  undertaking.  Bentley  should 
have  declined  in  Latin,  and,  if  still  pressed,  expostulated 
in  Greek,  and  the  business  would  have  dropped.  When 
Adam  Smith  remarked  upon  Johnson's  recitation  of  Bent- 
ley's  verses  in  Dodsley's  Collection,  that  they  were  "very 
well !  very  well,"  Johnson  replied,  with  his  usual  acute- 
ness,  "Yes,  they  are  very  well,  sir;  but  you  may  observe 
in  what  manner  they  are  well.  They  are  the  forcible 
verses  of  a  man  of  strong  mind,  but  not  accustomed  to 
write  verse ;  for  there  is  some  uncouthness  in  the  expres 
sion."  The  application  to  our  subject  is  obvious.  Teuton 
had  dropped  a  hint  that  some  apparent  errors  in  Paradise 
Lost  were  probably  occasioned  by  the  carelessness  or  mis 
apprehension  of  the  amanuensis  who  wrote  what  the  bard 
dictated.  This  conjecture  is  adopted  by  Bentley,  and  the 
unlucky  amanuensis  is  not  spared.  We  have  already  far 
exceeded  our  intended  limits,  and  can  devote  but  little 
space  to  a  very  amusing  and  very  instructive  subject. 
Bentley's  improvements  of  Milton  must  be  read  to  be  ap 
preciated.  It  is  possible  that  some  one  of  our  readers  may 
not  have  met  with  the  correction  of  the  grand  line : 

"  No  li'ht,  but  rather  darkness  visible." 
Bentley  kindly  offers  us  the  following: 

•'  No  light,  but  rather  a  transpicuous  gloom." 
Which  does  the  reader  prefer  ? 

"  As  from  the  centre  thrice  to  the  utmost  pole," 
is  "amended"  to 

"  Distance  which  to  express  all  measure  fails." 
"  Our  torments,  also,  may  in  length  of  time 

Become  our  elements," 
is  changed  to 

;'  Then,  as  'twas  well  observed,  our  torments  may 

Become  our  elements." 

See  an  amusing  chapter  upon  this  subject  in  Disraeli's 
Curiosities  of  Literature.  We  subjoin  the  following  epi 
gram  on  Bentley's  editorial  labours : 

"ON  MILTON'S  EXECUTIONER. 

Did  MILTON'S  PROSE,  0  CHARLES!  thy  death  defend? 
A  furious  foe,  unconscious  proves  a  friend ; 
On  MILTON'S  VERSE  does  BENTLEY  comment  ?  know 
A  weak  officious  friend  becomes  a  foe. 
While  he  would  seem  his  author's  fame  to  further, 
The  MURTHEROUS  CRITIC  has  avenged  THY  MURTHER." 
But  a  warrior  who  had  gained  so  many  battles  on  hia 
own  element  could  well  afford  an  occasional  shipwreck, 
when,  like  Pyrrho,  he  chose 

"  To  sail  upon  a  sea  of  speculation." 

Whether  the  laudation  be  extravagant  or  not,  he  must 
have  great  merits  of  whom  the  critic  dares  to  say 

"  He  stands  undoubtedly  the  very  first  among  all  the  philologi 
cal  critics  of  every  age  and  nation,  in  '  shape  and  gesture  proudly 
pre-eminent.'  No  single  individual  ever  contributed  so  much  to 
the  actual  stores  of  the  learned  world,  or  gave  so  strong  an  im 
pulse  to  the  study  of  the  ancient  classics."— Cunningham's  Biog. 

With  reference  to  Bentley's  position  as  a  scholar  when 
compared  with  the  classical  "  giants  of  those  days,"  it  will 
he  interesting  to  quote  the  verdicts  of  a  few  others,  them 
selves  more  or  less  imbued  with  that  love  for  the  "  wit  and 
genius  of  the  heathen,"  which  the  great  master  of  Trinity 
acknowledged  had  "  beguiled  him." 

Bishop  Monk,  his  learned  biographer,  styles  him  "the 
most  celebrated  scholar  of  modern  times." 

Mr.  De  Quincey  makes  an  exception. 

171 


BEN 


BEN 


"  We  should  pronounce  him  the  greatest  of  scholars  were  it  not  1  unequal.     He  enforced  the  truths   of  revelation  by  the 

teachings  of  nature,  as  expounded  by  her  greatest  inter 
preter,  the  immortal  Newton.  A  sermon  of  Bentley's 
based  upon  a  thesis  of  Newton's  must  have  been  an  intel 
lectual  gratification  not  unworthy  an  angelic  auditory. 
But  we  fear  that  in  simply  "vindicating  the  ways  of  God 
to  man,"  but  little  would  be  done  to  reconcile  the  heart  of 
man  to  God.  Accurate,  precise,  and  exhaustive  he  could 


that  we  remember  Salmasius.  Dr.  Parr  was  in  the  habit  of  com 
paring  the  Phalaris  dissertation  with  that  of  Salmasius  De  Lingua 
Hellenistica.  For  our  own  part,  we  have  always  compared  it  with 
the  same  writer's  Plinian  Excercitationes.  Both  are  among  the 
miracles  of  human  talent,  but  with  this  difference,  that  the  Sal- 
masian  work  is  crowded  with  errors;  whilst  that  of  Bentley,  in  its 
final  state,  is  absolutely  without  spot  or  blemish."— Blackwood's 
Mag.,  1830;  repub.  in  Philos.  Writers. 

Edward  Everett,  a  ripe  Hellenist,  as  his  call  to  the  Pro 
fessorship  of  the  Greek  language  and  literature  in  Har 
vard  College,  before  he  was  of  age,  may  indicate,  whilst 
allowing  that  "  Richard  Bentley  is  the  greatest  classical 
scholar  ever  produced  by  England,"  proceeds  to  remark 
that 

"  Whether  his  name  could  be  safely  placed  above  that  of  Eras 
mus,  Scaliger,  and  Hemsterhuys,  not  to  mention  any  of  the  re 
nowned  scholars  of  the  last  generation,  may  be  a  question  on 
which  the  learned  of  England  and  other  countries  might  differ. 
But  this  we  think  may  be  safely  said,  that  if  Bentley,  in  all  other 
things  the  same,  had  passed  his  life  in  the  quiet  of  a  University 
in  Holland  or  Germany; — if  he  had  redeemed  to  those  studies  for 
which  he  was  born,  the  time  and  the  talents  which  he  wasted  in 
the  petty  squabbles  of  his  college  mastership,  he  would  unques 
tionably  have  made  himself,  beyond  all  rivalry,  the  most  cele 
brated  scholar  of  modern  times." — North  American  Review,  vol. 
xliii.  458. 

But  what  Mr.  Everett  is  willing  to  admit  Bentley  might 
have  become  under  more  favourable  circumstances,  Bishop 
Monk  insists  he  really  was ;  and  not  satisfied  with  the  eu 
logy  we  have  just  quoted,  he  carries  what  some  will  deem 
extravagance  to  what  many  will  pronounce  absurdity,  by 
declaring  that 

"  Notwithstanding  his  frequent  abuse  of  his  erudition,  such  is 
the  power  of  genius,  and  so  great  the  preponderance  of  his  solid 
and  unshaken  merits,  that  Bentley  has  established  a  school  of 
criticism,  of  which  the  greatest  scholars  since  his  time  have  been 
proud  to  consider  themselves  members;  and,  in  spite  of  the  envy 
and  opposition  of  his  contemporaries,  has  attained  a  more  exalted 
reputation  than  has  hitherto  been  the  lot  of  any  one,  in  the  de 
partment  of  ancient  literature." 

The  biographer's  episcopal  brother,  Bishop  Lowth,  ac 
cords  to  Bentley  no  small  praise  in  declaring  him  to  have 
been  "  the  greatest  critic  and  most  able  grammarian  of  the 
last  age,"  and  Bishop  Marsh,  also,  pronounces  him  to  have 
been  "the  most  acute  critic  not  only  of  this  nation,  but  of 
all  Europe." 

The  acknowledgments  of  Heyne,  who  enjoyed  the  great 
advantage  of  the  use  of  Bentley's  annotated  Iliad,  when 
preparing  his  own  edition,  are  freely  expressed.  The 
following  "praise"  is  "faint"  to  absurdity  : 

"  Though  a  daring,  and  sometimes  a  speculative,  emendator,  he 
was.  perhaps,  one  of  the  first  classical  critics  that  has  yet  appeared 
in  this  country." — Lon.  Monthly  Review,  vol.  cxxii. 

''  One  of  the  first,  and  '  perhaps'  only,  not  certainly  even,  one 
of  the  first!" 

This  is  indeed  the  "Nil  admirari"  to  excess!  What 
"Daniel"  have  we  here? 

A  writer  in  the  Lon.  Quarterly  Review  draws  a  com 
parison  between  Bentley  and  Porson  : 

"  Bentley's  memory,  according  to  his  own  expression,  was  '  none 
of  the  best;'  it  was  the  unparalleled  perfection  of  this  faculty  in 
Porson  on  which  his  superiority  relied.  It  gave  him  the  complete 
and  instant  command  of  all  his  stores  of  erudition;  he  could 
bring  to  bear,  at  once,  on  any  question,  every  passage  from  the 
whole  range  of  Greek  literature  which  could  elucidate  it.  [This  is 
hyperbole,  even  to  nonsense;  a  university  full  of  Bentleys  and 
Persons  could  not  perform  such  a  feat.]  He  could  approximate, 
on  the  instant,  the  slightest  coincidence  in  thought  or  expression, 
and  the  accuracy  was  quite  as  surprising  as  the  extent  of  the  re 
collection.  In  another  respect,  no  two  characters  could  be  more 
opposite  than  Bentley  and  Porson :  the  former,  in  his  immeasur 
able  self-confidence,  bold,  adventurous,  decisive;  the  other,  cool, 
sure,  and  cautious.  In  his  scholarship,  (would  that  he  had  been 
under  as  safe  a  guidance  in  all  his  habits !)  Porson  was  singularly 
prudent;  hence,  though  Bentley  is  more  splendidly  and  originally 
right,  Porson  is  more  unerringly  so;  Bentley's  judgments  are 
more  numerous,  and  on  a  greater  variety,  but  all  are  not  of  equal 
authority.  Person's  are  few,  but  none  of  them  have  ever  been 
reversed.  Bentley's  light  was  thrown  about  with  greater  profu 
sion  on  many  objects;  Person's  was  centered  on  a  few,  but  burned 
more  steadily  on  those.  The  same  prudence  kept  Porson  within 
the  province  in  which  his  strength  lay,  that  of  philological  criti 
cism;  he  never  ventured  on  the  more  debateable  ground  of  the 
criticism  of  taste.  In  their  style  there  was  the  same  difference; 
the  careless  copiousness  and  natural  vigour  of  Bentley  was  in  the 
strongest  contrast  to  the  terseness  and  neatness  of  Person's  most 
finished  writing ;  and  the  fine  irony  of  the  latter,  of  which  we 
have  some  few  examples,  in  the  character  of  Gibbon  for  instance, 
is  the  opposite  extreme  to  the  coarse  vehemence  and  the  broader 
humour  of  Bentley's  controversial  tone." — Vol.  xlvi.  118. 

As  a  preacher  Bentley  could  not  but  occupy  a  high 
place  in  point  of  depth,  and  the  power  of  exciting  that  in 
terest  which  follows  the  guidance  of  a  great  intellect  in 
the  contemplation  of  the  duties  of  time  and  the  awful  re 
alities  of  eternity.  For  that  style  of  exhortation  which 
awakens  the  affections,  and  secures  the  convictions  of  the 
judgment  by  the  impulses  of  the  heart,  the  preacher  was 
172 


not  fail  to  be. 

"  Bentley  is  a  model,"  says  Bishop  Home,  "  for  polemic  prea<  fa- 
ing,  on  account  of  the  conciseness,  perspicuity,  and  fairness  wl.h 
•which  objections  are  stated ;  and  the  clear,  full,  and  regular  m-m- 
ner  in  which  they  are  answered." — Essays  and  Thoughts. 

"  Religion  was  no  less  indebted  to  him  than  learning,  for  in 
1691-92  he  had  the  honour  to  be  selected  as  the  first  person  to 
preach  at  Boyle's  Lectures,  (founded  by  that  great  and  honourable 
gentleman  to  assert  and  vindicate  the  great  fundamentals  of 
natural  and  revealed  religion.)  upon  which  occasion  he  success 
fully  applied  Sir  Isaac  Newton's  Principia  Mathematica  to  demon 
strate  the  Being  of  God,  and  altogether  silenced  the  Atheists,  who, 
in  this  country,  have  since  that  time,  for  the  most  part,  sheltered 
themselves  under  Deism.  In  those  sermons  he  laid  the  basis  and 
foundation  upon  which  all  the  successors  to  that  worthy  office 
have  since  built.  Though  this  was  a  task  of  great  extent,  and  no 
small  difficulty,  yet  Mr.  Bentley  [at  this  time  only  30  years  of  age, 
and  in  deacon's  orders]  acquitted  himself  with  so  much  reputa 
tion,  that  the  trustees  not  only  publicly  thanked  him  for  them, 
but  did,  moreover,  by  especial  command  and  desire,  prevail  upon 
him  to  make  the  said  discourses  public,  upon  which  he  gave  to  the 
world  a  volume,  1693,  4to,  containing  eight  sermons,  which  have 
not  only  undergone  a  number  of  editions,  but  have  been  trans 
lated  abroad  into  several  languages." 

"  Incomparable,  and  well  calculated  to  give  a  proper  direction  to 
a  young  man's  mind  in  religious  inquiry,  and  to  guard  him  against 
infidelity."— KETT. 

We  advise  all  of  our  readers  to  procure  them;  and,  in 
deed,  the  three  volumes  of  Rev.  Alexander  Dyee's  editions 
of  Bentley's  works,  Lon.,  1836-38.  We  trust  that  this 
edition  will  yet  be  completed.  The  3  vols.  already  pub 
lished  contain  :  Vols.i.  and  ii.,  Dissertations  upon  the  Epis 
tles  of  Phalaris,  Themistocles,  Socrates,  Euripides,  and 
upon  the  Fables  of  -53sop,  and  Epistola  ad  J.  Millium. 
Vol.  iii.,  Theological  Works,  viz. :  Eight  Sermons  preached 
at  Boyle's  Lecture ;  Four  Letters  from  Sir  Isaac  Newton 
to  Dr.  Bentley;  Three  Sermons  on  Various  Subjects ;  Visi 
tation  Charge;  Remarks  upon  a  late  Discourse  of  Free- 
Thinking;  Proposals  for  printing  a  new  edition  of  the 
Greek  Testament,  and  St.  Hierom's  Latin  Version;  Ora- 
tiuncula. 

"We  are  glad  to  see,  at  last,  the  works  of  the  father  of  (and  also 
the  best  of)  our  critics,  published  collectively,  and  we  are  surprised 
that  it  has  not  been  done  long  ago.  Every  thing  that  Bentley 
wrote  is  excellent  in  its  kind.  No  man  was  ever  so  acute  and  ju 
dicious  in  his  criticism,  so  convincing  and  logical  in  his  arguments, 
with  such  extensive  and  profound  learning,  as  the  writer  of  the 
Dissertations  on  the  Epistles  of  Phalaris.  We  have  carefully  looked 
through  these  volumes,  and  can  safely  say,  that  Mr.  Dyce  is  a  good 
scholar,  and  a  careful  editor.  Bentley  could  not  have  fallen  into 
better  hands." — London  Literary  Gazette. 

The  Life  of  Bentley  by  Dr.  Monk,  Bishop  of  Gloucester 
and  Bristol,  must  not  be  overlooked  by  the  reader.  It  was 
first  pub.  in  1830,  4to,  pp.  668,  Ap.  83,  and  since  in  2  vols. 
8vo.  This  work  has  been  commended  as  a  model  for  works 
of  the  kind.  An  abridgment  of  it  will  be  found  in  Hartley 
Coleridge's  Biographia  Borealis. 

"  The  life  of  Bentley,  impartially  and  ably  developed  by  Dr.  Monk, 
involving  in  great  measure  the  literary  annals  of  the  first  half  of 
last  century,  and  the  particular  history  of  the  University  of  Cam 
bridge,  was  a  desideratum  which  is  now  supplied  in  the  most  satis 
factory  manner;  and  a  sterling  work  has  been  added  to  the  stores 
of  British  biography." — London  Literary  Gazette. 

To  this  invaluable  work  should  be  added  The  Corre 
spondence  of  Dr.  Bentley,  edited  by  the  Rev.  Christopher 
Wordsworth,  D.D.,  Canon  of  Westminster,  Lon.,  2  vols. 
8vo,  1842.  The  reader  may  form  some  idea  of  the  treasures 
contained  in  these  volumes  from  the  prospectus : 

"This  collection  will  consist  of  published  and  unpublished  let 
ters,  arranged  in  chronological  order,  to  and  from  Dr.  Bentley.  from 
the  British  Museum,  the  Lambeth,  the  Bodleian,  and  Christ  Church 
Libraries;  and  from  various  books  and  several  private  sources; 
and  especially  from  the  Library  and  Archives  of  Trinity  College, 
Cambridge,  whence,  among  other  materials,  about  a  hundred  in- 
edited  letters  to  Dr.  Bentley  from  the  Principal  Continental  Scholars 
of  the  18th  century  have  been  supplied,  by  the  permission  of  the 
Master  and  Scholars  of  the  College,  for  this  work." 

It  is  proper  to  say  that  we  owe  the  description  of  this 
collection  of  correspondence  to  Bentley's  admirable  biogra 
pher,  Bishop  Monk.  His  lordship  transferred  the  duty  to 
the  late  Rev.  J.  Wordsworth,  and  the  brother  of  the  latter 
took  up  the  unfinished  task  as  a  fraternal  legacy.  Dr. 
Wordsworth  takes  occasion  to  enlarge  eloquently  upon  the 
value  of  the  Latin  tongue  as  a  medium  of  intercourse  for 
learned  scholars.  He  takes  Kuster  severely  to  task  foi 
adding  a  broken  English  P.S.  to  a  Latin  letter.  Dr.  W. 
opposes  such  barbarous  innovations: 

"  When  men  of  learning  have  ceased  to  possess  a  common  Ian 


BEN 


BER 


guage,  they  will  soon  forget  that  they  have  a  common  country; 
they  will  no  longer  regard  each  other  as  intellectual  compatriots; 
they  will  be  Englishmen,  Frenchmen,  Dutchmen,  but  not  scholars." 

The  classical  scholar  will  find  at  the  British  Museum  a 
large  collection  of  tracts  written  by  and  against  Bentley. 

In  Mr.  Richard  Cumberland's  Memoirs  of  his  Own  Life 
will  be  found  many  interesting  particulars  concerning  his 
maternal  grandfather,  our  illustrious  critic.  Mr.  Cumber 
land  tells  us  that  his  mother,  the  great  man's  daughter, 
expressed  to  him  her  regret  that 

<;  He  had  bestowed  so  great  a  portion  of  his  time  and  talents  upon 
criticism,  instead  of  employing  them  upon  original  composition. 
He  acknowledged  the  justice  of  her  regret  with  extreme  sensibility, 
and  remained  for  a  considerable  time  thoughtful,  and  seemingly 
embarrassed  by  the  nature  of  her  remark ;  at  last,  recollecting  him 
self,  he  said,  '  Child,  I  am  sensible  I  have  not  always  turned  my 
talents  to  the  proper  use  for  which  I  should  presume  they  were 
given  to  me ;  yet  I  have  done  something  for  the  honour  of  my  God, 
and  the  edification  of  my  fellow-creatures ;  but  the  wit  and  genius 
of  those  old  heathens  beguiled  me ;  and  as  I  despaired  of  raising  my- 
saif  up  to  their  standard  upon  fair  ground,  I  thought  the  only 
chance  I  had  of  looking  over  their  heads  was  to  get  upon  their 
shoulders.' " 

Bentley,  Richard,  d.  1782,  only  son  of  the  preced 
ing,  was  a  man  of  considerable  literary  talent.  He  was 
educated  at  Trinity  College,  Cambridge,  resided  for  many 
years  in  the  south  of  France,  and  for  some  time  at  Ted- 
dington,  near  Twickenham,  in  consequence  of  his  intimacy 
with  Horace  Walpole. 

"  They  carried  on,  for  a  long  time,  a  sickly  kind  of  friendship, 
which  had  its  hot  fits  and  cold  fits,  was  suspended  and  renewed, 
but  never  totally  broken." — R.  CUMBERLAND  ;  his  nephew. 

He  was  in  great  favour  with  Lord  Bute,  who  gave  him 
a  place  under  government.  He  was  author  of  Patriotism, 
a  satirical  poem  attacking  Wilkes  and  his  friends,  1765. 
(See  Dilly's  Repository,  vol.  iv.)  Poetical  Epistle  to  Lord 
Melbourne,  1763.  (St.  James's  Chronicle  for  April.)  Phi- 
lodamus,  1767.  The  Prophet,  1788.  He  was  employed 
in  the  trans,  of  Hentzer's  Account  of  England.  His  Co 
medy  of  the  Wishes  was  performed  in  1761. 

'•  The  turn  of  his  genius  did  not  seem  greatly  adapted  to  dra 
matic  writing,  by  this  specimen." — Biog,  Dramat. 

Bentley,  Richard,  grandson  of  the  celebrated  Ri 
chard  Bentley,  wrote  Considerations  on  the  State  of  Pub 
lic  Affairs  at  the  beginning  of  1796,  Lon.,  1796,  8vo;  ditto, 
1798,  pub.  1798,  8vo. 

Bentley,  Thomas,  nephew  of  the  celebrated  Richard 
Bentley,  was  of  Trinity  College,  Cambridge.  He  pub.  in 
1713  an  edition  of  Horace,  which  was  the  text  of  his  un 
cle's  edition,  with  reasons  for  rejecting  the  old,  and  sub 
stituting  the  new,  readings.  In  1718  he  printed  an  edit, 
of  Cicero  de  Finib.  et  Paradoxa;  and  in  1741  an  edit,  of 
Callimachus,  anon. :  erroneously  attributed  by  Davies  to 
his  uncle. 

Bentley,  William,  1758-1819,  a  minister  in  Salem, 
Massachusetts,  was  a  native  of  Boston.  He  pub.  some 
Sermons,  <fcc.,  1790-1807,  and  a  History  of  Salem,  in  the 
6th  vol.  of  Historical  Collections. 

Bently,  Samuel.     Poems,  Lon.,  1768-74,  8vo. 

Bently,  Thomas.  Monvment  of  Matrones,  contain- 
taining  seuen  seuerall  Lamps  of  Virginitie,  or  distinct 
Treatises ;  whereof  the  first  flue  concerne  Praier  and  Me 
ditation,  the  other  two  last,  Precepts  and  Examples,  as 
the  woorthie  works,  partlie  of  Men,  partlie  of  Women; 
printed  by  H.  Denham,  Lon.,  1582,  3  vols.  4to.  Another 
edition  sine  anno.  Each  of  these  Lamps  has  a  distinct 
title-page.  The  first  three  Lamps  form  the  1st  vol. ;  the1 
fourth  Lamp  alone  the  2d  vol. ;  and  the  remaining  three 
Lamps  compose  the  3d  vol.  The  only  perfect  copy  known 
was  sold  (Inglis  Catalogue,  156)  for  £15. 

Bently,  Thomas.  Five  Letters  to  them  that  seek 
Peace  with  God,  1774,  8vo.  Reason  and  Revelation;  or, 
a  Brief  Answer  to  Paine's  Age  of  Reason,  Lon.,  1794,  8vo. 

Bently,  William.  Hallifax  and  its  Gibbet-Law  placed 
in  a  true  Light,  Ac.,  Lon.,  1708.  Written  by  Dr.  Saml. 
Midgley ;  pub.  after  his  death  by  Bennet,  who  affixed  his 
name  to  it  as  the  author. 

Bently,  William,  D.D.     Sermons,  1735-38,  8vo. 

Bcnton,  Clark.     Statement  of  Facts  and  Law,  Ac 
Troy,  1804,  8vo. 

Benton,  Thomas  Hart,  1782-1858,  an  American 
statesman,  born  at  Hillsborough,  N.  Carolina,  educated  at 
Chapel  Hill  College,  and  removed  in  early  life  to  Ten 
nessee.  In  1815  he  settled  in  St.  Louis  and  devoted  him 
self  to  the  practice  of  the  law.  He  soon  became  a  leading 
politician,  and  for  thirty  years  represented  the  State  of 
Missouri  in  the  Senate  of  the  U.  States.  1.  Thirty  Years' 
View;  or,  A  History  of  the  Working  of  the  American  Go 
vernment  for  Thirty  Years,  from  1820  to  1850.  Vol.  i.,  N. 
Y.,  1854, 8vo ;  vol.  ii.,  N.  Y.,  1856,  8vo :  65,000  vols.  of  this 
work  were  sold  as  soon  as  published. 


"  The  literary  execution  of  this  work,  the  simplicity  of  its  style, 
and  the  unexceptionable  taste  which  tempers  all  its  author's  allu 
sions  to  his  contemporaries,  have  been  the  subject  of  universal 
admiration." — W.  C.  BRYANT. 

"  Mr.  Benton's  opportunities  as  an  actor  and  eye-witness  give 
him  great  advantages  in  this  species  of  historical  memoir, — for 
such  it  is,  neither  exactly  history  nor  biography.  In  his  preface 
he  quotes  Macaulay,  and  justly  claims  the  prestige  of  his  expe 
rience  in  public  affairs  for  his  work.  If  Gibbon  and  Fox  and 
Mackintosh  wrote  better  for  being  Parliament  men,  Mr.  Benton 
can  set  forth  as  well  for  his  story  the  quorum,  magna  pars  fui" — 
Cfturchman. 

2.  Examination  of  the  Dred  Scott  Case,  N.  York,  1857, 
8vo.  3.  An  Abridgment  of  the  Debates  of  Congress  from 
1789  to  1856;  from  Gales  &  Seaton's  Annals  of  Con 
gress;  from  their  Register  of  Debates;  and  from  the 
Official  Reported  Debates  by  John  C.  Rives,  N.  Y.,  15  vols. 
8vo. 

"  In  this  work,  even  at  the  advanced  age  of  seventy-six,  his  daily 
labors  were  almost  incredible:  it  was  finally  completed  down  to 
the  conclusion  of  the  great  compromise  debate  of  1850, — upon  his 
very  death-bed,  where  he  dictated  and  revised  the  final  portions  in 
whispers,  after  he  had  lost  the  ability  to  speak  aloud." — Appletan's 
New  Amer.  Cyc. 

"  Col.  Benton's  eminent  talent  and  reputation  as  a  statesman, 
his  familiar  acquaintance  with  our  parliamentary  history,  and  his 
untiring  industry,  are  a  sufficient  guarantee  for  the  faithful  execu 
tion  of  this  great  undertaking."— HON.  EDWARD  EVERETT. 

Benvras,  David,  a  Welsh  poet  of  the  13th  century, 
wrote  Encomium  Leolini  principis  Joroverthi  Filii,  and 
other  poems  :  some  of  these  are  preserved  in  the  Hengwrt 
Library. 

Benwell,  John.    Con.  to  Phil.  Mag.,  1817. 

Berard,  J.  B.     Con.  to  Nic.  Jour.,  1802,  '10,  '12. 

Berard,  Peter.    Trans.  The  Uncle's  Will,  1808,  8vo. 

Berault,  Peter.  Theolog.  works,  Lon.,  1680-1706. 
'  Berdmore,  Samuel.  Sermons,  1710,  '15,  '16,  '17. 

Berdmore,  Samuel,  D.D.  Specimens  of  Literary 
Resemblance  in  the  Works  of  Pope,  Gray,  and  other  cele 
brated  Writers,  with  Critical  Observations,  in  a  Series  of 
Letters,  1801,  8vo. 

"This  volume  contains  a  formidable  attack  on  Dr.  Hurd's  Marks 
of  Imitation,  and  we  believe  that  most  readers  will  deem  it  suc 
cessful.  ...  In  a  strain  of  lively  and  ingenious  raillery  he  has  de 
tected  the  sources  of  Dr.  Hurd's  explanation  of  Virgil's  invocation 
to  Augustus,  in  the  3d  Georgic,  and  he  has  shown  that  the  disco 
very  of  which  that  learned  critic  assumed  the  merit,  was  nothing 
more  than  an  obvious  interpretation  of  the  poet's  words,  which  had 
been  previously  given  by  different  commentators." — Lon.  Monthly 
Review. 

Berdmore,  Thomas.  Treatise  on  the  Teeth,  Lon., 
1768,  8vo. 

Berdoc,  Marmaduke,  M.D.  Med.  works,  Bath  and 
Lon.,  1771-73,  8vo. 

Bere,  Thomas.  Controversy  between  Mrs.  Hannah 
More  and  the  Curate  of  Blagden,  3  pamphlets,  1801-6. 

Berenger,  Richard,  d.  1782,  aged  62,  for  many 
years  Gentleman  of  the  Horse  to  George  III.,  nephew  of 
Lord  Cobham  and  Lady  LytteJton,  was  a  gentleman  of 
considerable  literary  talent.  Dr.  Johnson  named  him  as 
the  standard  of  true  elegance.  He  was  the  author  of  three 
"  excellent  papers"  in  The  World,  Nos.  79,  156,  and  202  ; 
and  some  of  his  poems,  "written  with  great  ease  and  ele 
gance,"  are  in  Dodsley's  Collection.  He  pub.,  in  1771, 
The  History  and  Art  of  Horsemanship ;  from  the  French 
of  Mons.  Bourgelat,  1754,  4to ;  Lon.,  1771,  2  vols.  4to. 

"  I  dined  the  other  day  at  Mrs.  Boscawen's,  very  pleasantly, 
for  Berenger  was  there,  and  was  all  himself,  all  chivalry,  blank 
verse,  and  anecdote.  He  told  us  some  curious  stories  of  Pope,  with 
whom  he  used  to  spend  the  summer  at  his  uncle's,  Lord  Cob- 
ham." — HANNAH  MORE. 

Berens,  Edward.     Theolog.  works,  Lon.,  1822,  etc. 

Bereny.     New  Torch  to  the  Latin  Tongue,  1670,  8vo. 

Beresford.     Marriage  with  Miss  Hamilton,  1782,  8vo. 

Beresford,  Benj.  Trans,  from  the  German  of  poeti 
cal  pieces,  with  the  original  Music,  Ac.,  1797,  <fec. 

Beresford,  James,  1764-1840.  Sermons,  &c.,  Lon., 
1809-15.  The  Miseries  of  Human  Life;  or,  The  Last 
Groans  of  Timothy  Testy  and  Samuel  Sensitive  j  with  a 
few  Supplementary  Sighs  from  Mrs.  Testy,  <fcc.,  Lon.. 
1806-07,  2  vols.  8vo. 

"A  second  volume  of  Miseries!  Can  flesh  and  blood  bear  it? 
Yes!  gentle  reader,  indeed,  you  must,  and  be  wonderfully  de 
lighted  to  find  that,  by  a  little  cookery  and  contrivance,  a  man 
may  be  brought  to  laugh  at  himself  for  presuming  to  be  ruffled 
by  the  little  cross  accidents  of  life."— Lon.  Monthly  Review. 

This  is  one  of  the  few  books  of  facetiae  which  have  sur 
vived  their  half-century.  The  Groans  of  Timothy  Testy  and 
Samuel  Sensitive  still  excite  the  mirth  of  the  evening  cir 
cle,  and  add — if  not  to  the  "  harmless  gayety  of  nations," 
at  least— to  the  hilarity  of  the  drawing-room.  Besides  a 
number  of  other  productions,  in  addition  to  the  above  cited, 
Mr.  Beresford  was  author  of  Bibliosophia,  or  Book- Wisdom. 
1812,  8vo. 

173 


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Beresford,  Rt.  Hon.  John.  Speech  on  his  moving 
the  6th  Article  of  the  Union,  in  H.  Commons  in  Ireland, 
1800,  8vo. 

Beresford,  John  George,  Lord  Abp.  of  Armagh. 
Sermon  on  Charity  Schools. 

Berg,  Joseph  Frederick,  D.D.,  a  voluminous  con 
troversial  writer,  b.  1812,  at  Grace  Hill,  island  of  Antigua, 
where  his  parents  were  missionaries  in  the  service  of  the 
Moravian  Church,  came  to  the  United  States  in  1825  and 
was  ordained  by  the  Synod  of  the  German  Reformed 
Church,  1835  j  Pastor  of  German  Ref.  Ch.,  Phila.,  1837- 
52.  1.  Lectures  on  Romanism,  1840,  12mo;  several  eds. 
2.  Synopsis  of  the  Theology  of  Peter  Dens;  trans,  from  the 
Latin,  with  copious  Notes,  1840,  12mo ;  5  eds.  have  been 
published.  3.  Papal  Rome,  1841.  4.  Series  of  Pamphlets 
pub.  anon.,  entitled  A  Voice  from  Rome  j  Rome's  Policy 
towards  the  Bible;  The  Pope  and  the  Presbyterians,  1844: 
many  thousands  sold.  5.  History  of  the  Holy  Robe  of 
Treves.  6.  Oral  Controversy  with  a  Catholic  Priest,  1843. 

7.  Old  Paths ;  or,  A  Sketch  of  the  Order  and  Discipline  of 
the  Reformed  Church  before  the  Reformation,  1845,  12mo. 

8.  Plea  for  the  Divine  Law  against  Murder,  1846.      9. 
Mysteries  of  the  Inquisition  and  other  Secret  Societies; 
from  the  French,  Phila.,  1846,  8vo.      10.  Reply  to  Arch 
bishop  Hughes  on  the  Doctrines  of  Protestantism,  ]  850 ; 
more  than  150,000  copies  of  this  pamphlet  have  been  cir 
culated.     11.  Expose  of  the  Jesuits.     12.  The  Inquisition. 

13.  Church  and  State,  or  Romish  Influence ;  a  prize  essay 
for  which  $100  was  awarded  by  the  Amer.  Protestant  Ass. 

14.  Farewell  Words  to  the  German  Ref.  Ch.,  and  a  Vindi 
cation  of  the  same,  in  reply  to  Dr.  J.  W.  Nevin,  1852. 

15.  Prophecy  and  the  Times,  1856,  12mo.     16.  The  Stone 
and  the  Image,  1856,  12mo ;  several  edits.     17.  Demons 
and  Guardian  Angels ;  being  a  refutation  of  Spiritualism, 
12mo.      18.   The   Olive-Branch:  a  Conservative  View  of 
Slavery,  1857.     Many  other  works  and  pamphlets. 

Berger,  J.  F.,  M.D.,  Con.  to  Trans.  Geol.  Soc.,  1806, 
'11,  '14 ;  and  to  Nic.  Jour.,  1807. 

Bergius,  John.  A  Treatise  of  Pacification  between 
the  Dissenting  Churches  of  Christ,  Lon.,  1655,  8vo. 

Beridge,  John.     Sermon,  1662,  4to. 

Berington,  Joseph.  Miscellaneous  Dissertations, 
Historical,  Critical,  and  Moral,  on  the  Origin  and  Anti 
quity  of  Masquerades,  Plays,  &c.,  1751,  8vo. 

Berington,  Joseph,  d.  1827,  aged  84,  an  estimable 
clergyman  of  the  Roman  Catholic  Church,  and  educated 
at  the  College  of  St.  Omer,  was  a  native  of  Shropshire. 
He  was  an  object  of  public  interest,  not  only  from  his  lite 
rary  publications,  but  as  an  advocate  for  some  reforms  in 
the  communion  to  which  he  was  attached.  His  first  work 
was  A  Letter  on  Materialism,  and  Hartley's  Theory  of 
the  Human  Mind,  1776,  8vo,  (anon.,)  followed  in  1779  by 
Immaterialism  Delineated. 

"  The  Letters  [of  1776]  now  before  us  are  written  with  the  best 
intention:  they  have  very  considerable  merit;  and  will  serve,  we 
hope,  as  an  antidote  against  the  prevalence  of  a  theory  which  de 
grades  man  to  a  mere  machine,  and  which,  if  pursued,  must  ter 
minate  in  absolute  Spinozism." — Lon.  Monthly  Review. 

Letter  to  Dr.  Fordyce,  in  answer  to  his  Sermon  on  the 
delusive  and  persecuting  spirit  of  Popery,  1779,  8vo.  The 
State  and  Behaviour  of  English  Catholics,  from  the  Refor 
mation  till  1780,  with  a  view  of  their  present  Wealth,  Num 
ber,  and  Character,  Ac.,  1780,  8vo.  Address  to  the  Pro 
testant  Dissenters,  who  have  lately  petitioned  for  a  repeal 
of  the  Corporation  and  Test  Acts,  Lon.,  1786,  8vo.  His 
tory  of  the  Lives  of  Abelard  and  Heloisa,  comprising  a 
period  of  84  years,  from  1079  to  1163 ;  with  their  genuine 
letters,  from  the  Collection  of  Amboise,  Lon.,  1784,  4to. 

"  A  valuable  and  accurate  work,  composed  from  authentic  ma 
terials." — LOWNDES. 

Reflections,  with  an  Exposition  of  Roman  Catholic 
Principles  in  reference  to  God  and  the  Country,  Lon., 
1787,  8vo.  Account  of  the  Present  State  of  Roman  Catho 
lics  in  Great  Britain,  Lon.,  1787,  8vo.  On  the  Depravity 
of  the  Nation,  with  a  view  to  the  promotion  of  Sunday- 
schools,  Lon.,  1788,  8vo.  The  Rights  of  Dissenters  from 
the  Established  Church,  in  relation  chiefly  to  Roman 
Catholics,  Lon.,  1789,  8vo.  Communications  to  the  Gen 
tleman's  Magazine,  1787,  Ac.  These  were  controversial, 
and  in  opposition  to  the  views  of  Bishop  Milner.  The 
bishop  pays  Mr.  B.'s  style  a  high  compliment : 

"  Mr.  J.  Berington  possesses  an  enlivening  pen,  which  will  not 
suffer  any  subject  that  it  touches  to  languish,  or  grow  insipid 
Amongst  all  the  periods  that  have  been  objected  to  in  his  nume 
rous  compositions,  no  one  ever  objected  to  a  dull  period."  See 
Lon.  Gent.  Mag.,  1828,  PI.  1. 

History  of  the  Reign  of  Henry  II.,  and  of  Richard  and 
John  his  sons,  with  the  events  of  this  period  from  1154  to 


1210,  in  which  the  character  of  Thomas  a  Becket  is  vindi 
cated  from  the  attacks  of  George,  Lord  Lyttleton,  Birm., 
1790,  4to. 

"This  work  is  distinguished  by  industry  of  investigation,  vigour 
of  conception,  vivacity  and  energy  of  expression,  and,  on  the  fun 
damental  questions  of  civil  polity,  liberality  of  sentiment.  We 
know  few  writers  more  capable  of  exhibiting  facts  with  lively 
colouring,  or  of  giving  animation  to  his  narrative  by  a  free  use 
of  the  dramatic  style.  The  structure  of  his  periods  is  agreeably 
varied,  and  his  diction  is  elegant." — Lon.  Monthly  Review. 

Memoirs  of  George  Panzani,  giving  an  account  of  his 
agency  in  England  in  the  years  1634-35  and  '36 ;  trans 
lated  from  the  Italian  original,  and  now  first  published, 
etc.,  Lon.,  1793,  8vo.  This  publication  gave  offence  to 
many  members  of  Mr.  B.'s  Church,  and  the  Rev.  Ch.-irlea 
Plowden,  a  R.  Catholic  clergyman,  pub.  Remarks  on  Ber- 
ington's  work  in  1784,  in  which  Mr.  P.  questioned  the  au 
thenticity  of  Panzani's  Memoirs.  The  Faith  of  Catholics 
confirmed  by  Scripture,  and  attested  by  the  Fathers  of  the 
first  five  Centuries  of  the  Church,  Lon.,  1813,  8vo.  (In 
conjunction  with  Dr.  Kirk.)  Mr.  Berington  thus  proved 
his  loyalty  to  his  Church,  though  bold  enough  to  condemn 
what  he  esteemed  the  erroneous  views  of  some  of  her  mem 
bers.  An  attempt  to  deceive  the  Italian  populace  by  pre 
tended  miracles,  under  the  French  Invasion,  was  rebuked 
by  our  author  in  his  Examination  of  Events  termed  Mi 
raculous,  as  reported  in  Letters  from  Italy,  Lon.,  1796, 
8vo.  The  work  by  which  Mr.  Berington  is  best  known  is 
his  Literary  History  of  the  Middle  Ages ;  comprehending 
an  Account  of  the  State  of  Learning  from  the  Close  of  the 
Reign  of  Augustus  to  its  Revival  in  the  Fifteenth  Century. 
With  two  Appendices,  1814,  4to.  A  new  edit,  of  this  work, 
with  an  index,  was  pub.  by  D.  Bogue,  Lon.,  1846,  12mo. 

"This  book  has  merit.  It  is  a  pleasant  succession  of  notices  on 
the  chief  writers  of  the  Continent,  from  the  fall  of  the  Roman  em 
pire  downwards.  It  is  written  in  a  clear,  popular  manner,  and  it 
is  everywhere  pervaded  by  a  candid  spirit." — London  AtherHEum. 

"  We  cannot  characterize  the  work  before  us  as  very  profound, 
either  in  research  or  in  reflections." — Lon.  Quar.  Rev. 

Berington,  Simon.  Dissertations  on  the  Mosaical 
Account  of  the  Creation,  Deluge,  Building  of  Babel,  Con 
fusion  of  Tongues,  Ac.,  Lon.,  1750,  8vo. 

"  The  production  of  a  Roman  Catholic  writer,  displaying  con 
siderable  research,  though  held  in  little  estimation." — LOWNDES. 

"  In  these  dissertations,  the  author  combats  Infidels  and  Hutch- 
insonians,  La  Pluche  and  Woodward,  and  Sir  Isaac  Newton,  and 
many  authors.  He  discovers  a  good  deal  of  reading,  and  a  great 
respect  for  revelation ;  but  advances  many  things  that  are  absurd 
in  philosophy  and  weak  in  religion."—  Orme's  Mb.  Bibl. 

Berjeu,  John.     Assize  Sermon,  1775,  4to. 

Berkeley,  Edward.  Mt.  Vesuvius;  Phil.  Trans. 
1707. 

Berkeley,  George,  D.  D.,  1684-1753,  Bishop  of 
Cloyne,  in  Ireland,  was  one  of  the  most  eminent  prelates 
and  distinguished  philosophers  since  the  Reformation. 
He  was  a  native  of  Kilcrin,  in  the  county  of  Kilkenny, 
and  descended  from  an  English  family  zealously  attached 
to  the  cause  of  Charles  I.  He  was  admitted  of  Trinity 
College,  Dublin,  at  the  age  of  15,  and  became  a  Fellow  in 
1707.  In  this  year  appeared  his  first  publication,  Arith- 
metica  absque  Algebra  aut  Euclide  demonstrata.  This 
book  was  written  before  he  was  twenty. 

"  This  little  piece  is  so  far  curious,  as  it  shews  his  early  and 
strong  passion  for  the  mathematics,  his  admiration  of  those  great 
names  in  philosophy,  Locke  and  Newton,  some  of  whose  positions 
he  afterwards  ventured  to  call  in  question,  and  the  commencement 
of  his  application  to  those  more  subtle  metaphysical  studies  to 
which  his  genius  was  particularly  adapted." 

In  1709  he  established  his  reputation  as  a  philosopher 
by  An  Essay  towards  a  New  Theory  of  Vision,  Dub.,  8vo. 

"  The  first  attempt  that  ever  was  made  to  distinguish  the  im 
mediate  and  natural  objects  of  sight,  from  the  conclusions  we  have 
been  accustomed  from  infancy  to  draw  from  them ;  a  distinction 
from  which  the  nature  of  vision  hath  received  great  light,  and  by 
which  many  phamomena  in  optics,  before  looked  upon  as  unac 
countable,  have  been  clearly  and  distinctly  resolved."— Dr.  Reid's 
Inquiry  into  the  Mind. 

It  will  be  observed  that  this  treatise  was  given  to  the 
world  when  the  philosopher  was  but  25  years  of  age.  In 
1733  he  pub.  A  Vindication  of  this  Theory.  Refer  to 
Bailey's  Review  of  Berkeley's  Theory  of  Vision,  Lon., 
1842.  In  the  next  year,  1710,  he  pub.  his  celebrated 
work,  The  Principles  of  Human  Knowledge,  Dublin,  8vo, 
and  in  1713,  Three  Dialogues  between  Hylas  and  Philo- 
lonous,  Ac. 

"  The  object  of  both  pieces  is  to  prove  that  the  commonly  re 
ceived  notion  of  the  existence  of  matter  is  false;  that  sensible 
material  objects,  as  they  are  called,  are  not  external  to  the  mind, 
but  exist  in  it,  and  are  nothing  more  than  impressions  made  upon 
it  by  the  immediate  act  of  God,  according  to  certain  rules  termed 
laws  of  nature,  from  which,  in  the  ordinary  course  of  his  govern 
ment,  he  never  deviates;  and  that  the  steady  adherence  of  the 
Supreme  Spirit  to  these  rules  is  what  constitutes  the  reality  of 
things  to  his  creatures." 


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It  will  not  be  expected  that  we  should  enter  here  into 
an  extended  examination  of  this  theory.  An  isolated  ex 
ample,  set  up  as  a  target  for  ridicule  which  all  can  appre 
ciate  and  enjoy,  is  an  easy  mode  of  refutation,  but  not 
very  philosophical.  Lord  Byron  says 

"  When  Bishop  Berkeley  proved  there  was  no  matter, 
He  proved  it  was  no  matter  what  he  said." 

Boswell  tells  us  that  his  "  guide,  philosopher,  and  friend," 
referred  to  this  theory  on  several  occasions : 

"  After  we  came  out  of  church,  we  stood  talking  for  some  time 
together  of  Bishop  Berkeley's  ingenious  sophistry  to  prove  the  non- 
existence  of  matter,  and  that  every  thing  in  the  universe  is  simply 
ideal.  I  observed,  that  though  we  were  satisfied  his  doctrine  is 
not  true,  it  is  impossible  to  refute  it.  I  never  shall  forget  the 
alacrity  with  which  Johnson  answered,  striking  his  fist  with 
mighty  force  against  a  large  stone,  till  he  rebounded  from  it,  '  I 
refute  it  thus.'  This  was  a  stout  exemplification  of  theirs*  truths 
of  P&re  Bouffier,  or  the  original  principles  of  Reid  and  of  Beattie ; 
without  admitting  which  we  can  no  more  argue  in  metaphysics, 
than  we  can  argue  in  mathematics  without  axioms.  To  me  it  is 
not  conceivable  how  Berkeley  can  be  answered  by  pure  reasoning ; 
but  I  know  that  the  nice  and  difficult  task  was  to  have  been  un 
dertaken  by  one  of  the  most  luminous  minds  of  the  present  age, 
[Edmund  Burke,]  had  not  politics  '  turned  him  from  calm  philoso 
phy  aside.'  What  an  admirable  display  of  subtlety,  united  with 
brilliance,  might  his  contending  with  Berkeley  have  afforded  us." 

Again : 

"  Being  in  company  with  a  gentleman  who  thought  fit  to  main 
tain  Dr.  Berkeley's  ingenious  philosophy,  that  nothing  exists  but 
as  perceived  by  some  mind ;  when  the  gentleman  was  going  away, 
Johnson  said  to  him,  '  Pray,  sir,  don't  leave  us ;  for  we  may  per 
haps  forget  to  think  of  you,  and  then  you  will  cease  to  exist.' " 

On  another  occasion,  the  Doctor  remarked : 

"  Berkeley  was  a  profound  scholar,  as  well  as  a  man  of  fine  im 
agination." 

Undoubtedly  the  latter,  if  his  theory  was  nothing  but  a 
creature  of  his  imagination. 

Dr.  Beattie  remarks  that 

"  If  Berkeley's  argument  be  conclusive,  it  proves  that  to  be  false 
which  every  man  must  necessarily  believe,  every  moment  of  his 
life,  to  be  true,  and  that  to  be  true  which  no  man  since  the  foun 
dation  of  the  world  was  ever  capable  of  believing  for  a  single  mo 
ment." 

This  is  putting  the  case  strongly.  Berkeley  was  as  well 
aware  of  the  existence  of  stones  and  tables  as  Dr.  Johnson 
was.  Although  he  considered  his  treatises  to  be  contribu 
tions  to  the  cause  of  revealed  truth,  some  have  construed 
them  very  differently. 

"  These  works  form  the  best  lessons  of  skepticism  which  are  to 
be  found  among  the  ancient  or  modern  philosophers,  Bayle  not 
excepted."— DAVID  HUME. 

Even  if  this  were  true,  the  evidence  of  Revelation  does 
not  stand  or  fall  with  the  hypothesis  of  any  philosopher. 
Dr.  Beattie  also  objects  to  the  skeptical  tendency  of  Berke 
ley's  theory.     His  argument  in  favour  of  non-existence 
has  been  reduced  to  this  syllogism  : 
Whatever  is  immediately  perceived  by  sense  is  an  idea. 
Sensible  things  are  things  immediately  perceived  by  sense. 
Therefore  sensible  things  are  ideas,  and  consequently  exist 
only  in  the  mind. 

This  syllogism  has  not,  the  reader  will  perceive,  the  im 
pregnability  of  a  mental  Gibraltar.  The  philosopher  was 
not  afraid  to  submit  his  proposition  to  the  scrutiny  of  the 
metaphysicians  and  savants  of  the  day.  Mr.  Whiston 
tells  us, 

"He  published  this  metaphysic  notion,  that  matter  was  not  a 
real  thing;  nay,  that  the  common  opinion  of  its  reality  was  ground 
less,  if  not  ridiculous.  He  was  pleased  to  send  Dr.  Clarke  and 
myself,  each  of  us,  a  book.  After  we  had  both  perused  it,  I  went 
to  Dr.  Clarke,  and  discoursed  with  him  about  it  to  this  effect  •  that 
I,  being  not  a  metaphysician,  was  not  able  to  answer  Mr.  Berkeley's 
subtile  premises,  though  I  did  not  at  all  believe  his  absurd  conclu- 
C°?V.i  tn?refore  Desired  that  he,  who  was  deep  in  such  subtilities, 
but  did  not  appear  to  believe  Mr.  Berkeley's  conclusions,  would  an 
swer  him :  which  task  he  declined."-^™™™  of  Dr.  Clarke 

Addison,  many  years  after  this,  brought  Berkeley  and 
Clarke  together,  to  give  them  an  opportunity  of  arguing 
the  matter  out.  The  result  may  be  anticipated.  Berkeley 

declared  himself  not  well  satisfied  with  the  conduct  oif 
his  antagonist  on  the  occasion ;  who,  though  he  could  not 
answer,  had  not  candour  enough  to  own  himself  convinced  •" 
and  doubtless  Clarke  thought  as  hard  of  the  non-material 
ist  for  not  acknowledging  himself  completely  beaten  out 
of  his  absurd  hypothesis.  We  are  here  reminded  of  a  still 
more  lively  dispute  which  our  philosopher  had  with  the 
celebrated  Father  Malebranche.  Berkeley  travelled  as  tutor 
with  the  son  of  the  Bishop  of  Clogher.  Resident  for  some 

me  in  Paris,  the  good  tutor,  we  may  presume,  was  tho 
roughly  disgusted  with  the  frivolity  and  absence  of  specu- 
disposition  exhibited  by  the  thoughtless  Parisians, 
*ho  persisted  m  believing  their  eyes,  and  asserting  the 

fhev  h  ?XMlTe  °f  th°  chamPag»e  ™d  cogniac  which 
they  obstinately  enjoyed,  whilst  Berkeley  held  himself 
ready  to  prove  that  there  was  no  such  thing  as  wineTnd 
brandy  m  the  world.  At  last  the  good  mil,  eager  for  a 


hearty  round  at  metaphysical  discussion,  bethought  him 
self  of  visiting  the  famous  author  of  the  Search  after 
Truth,  which  Truth  was  exactly  what  Berkeley  was  pre 
pared  to  give  him.  We  are  told  that 

"  He  found  this  ingenious  father  in  his  cell,  cooking  in  a  small 
pipkin  a  medicine  for  a  disorder  with  which  he  was  then  troubled, 
— inflammation  of  the  lungs.  The  conversation  naturally  turned 
on  our  author's  system,  of  which  the  other  had  received  some 
knowledge  from  a  translation  just  published.  But  the  issue  of 
this  debate  proved  tragical  to  poor  Malebranche.  In  the  heat  of 
disputation  he  raised  his  voice  so  high,  and  gave  way  so  freely  to 
the  natural  impetuosity  of  a  man  of  parts  and  a  Frenchman,  that 
he  brought  on  himself  a  violent  increase  of  his  disorder,  which, 
carried  him  off  a  few  days  after." 

Mr.  De  Quincey,  in  his  paper  On  Murder  Considered  as 
One  of  The  Fine  Arts,  gives  the  following  amusing  version 
of  this  celebrated  controversy  : 

"  Malebranche,  it  will  give  you  pleasure  to  hear,  was  murdered. 
The  man  who  murdered  him  is  well  known :  it  was  Bishop  Berke 
ley.  The  story  is  familiar,  though  hitherto  not  put  in  a  proper 
light.  Berkeley  when  a  young  man  went  to  Paris,  and  called  on 
Pere  Malebranche.  He  found  him  in  his  cell  cooking.  Cooks  have 
ever  been  a  genus  irritabile ;  authors  still  more  so :  Malebranche 
was  both :  a  dispute  arose ;  the  old  father,  warm  already,  became 
warmer;  culinary  and  metaphysical  irritation  united  to  derange 
his  liver :  he  took  to  his  bed,  and  died.  Such  is  the  common  ver 
sion  of  the  story :  '  So  the  whole  ear  of  Denmark  is  abused.'  The 
fact  is,  that  the  matter  was  hushed  up,  out  of  consideration  for 
Berkeley,  who  (as  Pope  remarked)  had '  every  virtue  under  heaven :' 
else  it  was  well  known  that  Berkeley,  feeling  himself  nettled  by 
the  waspishness  of  the  old  Frenchman,  squared  at  him ;  a  turn-up 
was  the  consequence:  Malebranche  was  floored  in  the  first  round; 
the  conceit  was  wholly  taken  out  of  him ;  and  he  would  perhaps 
have  given  in ;  but  Berkeley's  blood  was  now  up,  and  he  insisted 
on  the  old  Frenchman's  retracting  his  doctrine  of  Occasional 
Causes.  The  vanity  of  the  man  was  too  great  for  this,  and  he  fell 
a  sacrifice  to  the  impetuosity  of  Irish  youth,  combined  with  his 
own  absurd  obstinacy." 

In  1712  he  pub.  Three  Sermons  in  favour  of  Passive 
Obedience  and  Non-resistance,  on  Rom.  xiii.  2,  8vo,  3  edi 
tions.  This  doctrine  did  not  recommend  him  to  the  new 
House  of  Hanover  on  the  death  of  Queen  Anne.  In  1713 
he  visited  London,  where  he  became  acquainted  with  Swift, 
Arbuthnot,  Pope,  Addison,  and  Steele.  Steele  had  just 
commenced  The  Guardian,  and  secured  Berkeley's  contri 
butions  on  the  easy  terms  of  one  guinea  and  a  dinner  each. 
His  papers  are  in  defence  of  Christianity  against  Collins 
and  some  other  thick-headed  gentlemen  of  the  day.  In 
November,1713,he  accompanied  the  Earl  of  Peterborough's 
embassy  to  Sicily  in  the  quality  of  chaplain  and  secretary. 
Whilst  absent  he  became  senior  Fellow  of  his  college,  and 
in  1717  was  created  D.D.  by  diploma.  He  returned  to 
England  in  1714,  and  was  attacked  by  a  fever,  for  which 
Arbuthnot  prescribed : 

"  Poor  philosopher  Berkeley  has  now  the  idea  of  health,  which 
was  very  hard  to  produce  in  him;  for  he  had  an  idea  of  a  strange 
fever  on  him  so  strong,  that  it  was  very  hard  to  destroy  it  by  pro 
ducing  a  contrary  one."— Arbuthnot  to  Swift. 

Despairing  of  preferment  under  the  new  government, 
he  accepted  an  offer  to  travel  on  the  continent  with  Mr. 
Ashe,  son  of  the  Bishop  of  Clogher.  They  were  absent 
for  four  years,  and  returned  to  London  in  1721,  in  which 
year  he  pub.  An  Essay  towards  preventing  the  Ruin  of 
the  Nation,  in  reference  to  the  wild  speculations  engen 
dered  by  the  South  Sea  Scheme.  In  1718  Mrs.  Vanhom- 
righ  (Swift's  Vanessa)  left  Berkeley,  as  one  of  her  execu 
tors,  the  sum  of  £4000,  and  to  the  other,  Judge  Marshall, 
the  same  amount;  no  doubt  to  the  great  disgust  of  Dean 
Swift.  In  1724  Berkeley  was  promoted  to  the  Deanery  of 
Deny,  with  £1100  per  annum,  and  resigned  his  Fellow 
ship.  In  1725  he  pub.  A  Proposal  for  Converting  the 
savage  Americans  to  Christianity.  To  effect  this  purpose 
he  was  anxious  to  establish  a  college  in  the  Bermudas 
and  exerted  himself  with  so  much  diligence,  that  for  this 
object  he  procured  a  parliamentary  grant  of  £10,000  and 
several  large  private  subscriptions.  The  queen  offered 
him  an  early  Bishopric  if  he  would  remain  in  England 
but  Berkeley  declared  that  he  should  prefer  the  headship 
of  St.  Paul's  College  at  Bermudas  to  the  primacy  of  all 
England.  A  charter  was  granted  for  the  erection  of  a  col 
lege,  to  consist  of  a  president  and  nine  fellows,  who  were 
under  the  obligation  to  maintain  and  educate  Indian 
scholars,  at  the  rate  of  £10  per  annum  for  each.  Three 
junior  fellows  of  Trinity  College  agreed  to  accompany 
him,  and  to  relinquish  their  hopes  of  preferment  at  home, 
for  £40  per  annum,  and  the  opportunity  of  extensive  mis 
sionary  usefulness.  Berkeley,  now  in  the  tide  of  apparent 
success,  gave  vent  to  his  feelings  in  the  following  ode: 
"  The  muse,  disgusted  at  an  age  and  clime 

Barren  of  every  glorious  theme, 
In  distant  lands  now  waits  a  better  time, 

Producing  subjects  worthy  fame. 

175 


BER 


BER 


In  happy  climes,  where  from  the  genial  sun 

And  virgin  earth  such  scenes  ensue, 
The  force  of  art  by  nature  seems  outdone, 

And  fancied  beauties  by  the  true, — 
In  happy  climes,  the  seat  of  innocence, 

Where  nature  guides,  and  virtue  rules, 
Where  men  shall  not  impose  for  truth  and  sense 

The  pedantry  of  courts  and  schools, — 
There  shall  be  sung  another  folden  age, 

The  rise  of  empire  and  of  arts, 
The  good  and  great  inspiring  epic  rage, 
The  wisest  heads  and  noblest  hearts, 
Not  such  as  Europe  breeds  in  her  decay, 

Such  as  she  bred  when  fresh  and  young, 
When  heavenly  flame  did  animate  her  clay, 

By  future  poets  shall  be  sung. 
Westward  the  course  of  empire  takes  its  way ; 

The  four  first  acts  already  past, 
A  fifth  shall  close  the  drama  with  the  day: 

Time's  noblest  offspring  is  the  last." 

In  1728  he  married  Anne,  the  eldest  daughter  of  Mr. 
Forster,  speaker  of  the  Irish  House  of  Commons,  and  im 
mediately  after  the  ceremony  he  embarked  for  the  western 
continent. 

Of  the  dean's  arrival  in  Newport,  Rhode  Island,  we 
have  an  account  in  the  New  England  Journal,  which  pub 
lishes  a  letter  from  a  person  from  Newport : 

"  Yesterday  arrived  here  Dean  Berkeley,  of  Londonderry,  in  a 
pretty  large  ship.  He  is  a  gentleman  of  middle  stature,  of  an 
agreeable,  pleasant,  and  erect  aspect.  He  was  ushered  into  the 
town  with  a  great  number  of  gentlemen,  to  whom  he  behaved 
himself  after  a  very  complaisant  manner.  'Tis  said  he  proposes 
to  tarry,  with  his  family,  about  three  months." 

In  Peterson's  History  of  Rhode  Island  we  are  told  that 
the  pilot  brought  to  Newport  a  letter  from  Berkeley  to  the 
clergyman,  Mr.  Honyman,  and  a  statement  that  a  great 
dignitary  of  the  Church  of  England,  called  a  Dean,  was  ! 
on  board  the  vessel,  and  that  the  letter  was  handed  to  Mr. 
Honyman,  who  was  in  the  pulpit.  He  read  it  to  the 
audience,  and  as  it  appeared  that  the  dean  might  land 
at  any  moment,  the  congregation  was  dismissed  forthwith, 
and  all,  clergyman,  vestrymen,  wardens,  male  and  female, 
hurried  down  to  the  wharf  to  receive  the  great  man  with 
their  benedictions  and  welcome.  At  Rhode  Island  Berke 
ley  resided  for  nearly  two  years,  preaching  every  Sunday 
at  Newport  when  there,  and  diligently  performing  pastoral 
duty  among  the  people.  He  waited  in  vain  for  a  remit 
tance  of  the  promised  funds  to  establish  his  college  in 
what  might  be  deemed  a  suitable  location,  but  no  money 
came.  At  last  Bishop  Gibson,  at  that  time  Bishop  of 
London,  (in  whose  diocese  all  the  West  Indies  are  in 
cluded,)  called  upon  Sir  Robert  Walpole,  and  begged  to 
know  whether  the  money  would  be  forthcoming  or  not. 
"  If  you  put  this  question  to  me  as  a  minister,"  replied 
Sir  Robert,  "  I  must  and  can  assure  you,  that  the  money 
shall  most  undoubtedly  be  paid  as  soon  as  suits  with  pub 
lic  convenience ;  but  if  you  ask  me  as  a  friend  whether 
Dean  Berkeley  should  continue  in  America,  expecting  the 
payment  of  £10,000,  I  advise  him  by  all  means  to  return 
home  to  Europe,  and  to  give  up  his  present  expectations." 
The  advice  of  the  miserable  time-server,  the  Great  Cor- 
rupter,  was  taken,  and  the  good  dean  returned  home. 
On  the  great  day  of  account  we  would  not  bear  Walpole's 
responsibility  for  worlds  !  To  Yale  College  Berkeley  pre 
sented  880  volumes ;  to  Harvard  Library  valuable  dona 
tions  of  Greek  and  Latin  Classics,  and  his  Whitehall  es 
tate  of  100  acres  to  Yale  and  Harvard  Colleges,  for  three 
scholarships  in  Latin  and  Greek.  This  endowment  has 
become  very  valuable.  The  sojourner  at  the  beautiful 
town  of  Newport  will  find  inscribed  on  the  organ  in  the 
venerable  "  Trinity  Church"  the  inscription,  "  The  gift  of 
Bishop  Berkeley." 

In  1732  our  author  pub.  A  Sermon  on  John  xviii.  3,  and 
Alciphron,  or  the  Minute  Philosopher,  Lon.,  8vo.  This 
work,  which  is  a  defence  of  religion  against  the  systems 
of  the  atheist,  fatalist,  and  skeptic,  in  the  form  of  a  dia 
logue,  on  the  model  of  Plato,  was  written  in  hours  of  lei 
sure,  whilst  at  Newport.  Dr.  Sherlock,  afterwards  Bishop 
of  London,  carried  the  work  to  Queen  Caroline,  whose  ad 
miration  of  the  author  was  still  further  increased,  and  she 
procured  for  him  the  Bishopric  of  Cloyne,  to  which  he  was 
consecrated  in  May,  1734.  The  Earl  of  Chesterfield  offered 
him  the  see  of  Clogher,  which  was  double  the  value  of 
that  of  Cloyne,  and  fines  to  the  amount  of  £10,000  were 
then  due ;  but  the  bishop  declined  the  proffer,  remarking 
to  Mrs.  Berkeley, 

"  I  desire  to  add  one  more  to  the  list  of  churchmen  who  are 
evidently  dead  to  ambition  and  avarice." 

He  had  not  been  long  stationed  at  Cloyne  before  he 
pub.  The  Analyst,  or  a  Discourse  addressed  to  an  Infidel 
176 


Mathematician,  Lon.,  1735,  8vo.     This  was  addressed  to 
Dr.  Halley,  with  a  view  of 

"  Showing  that  Mysteries  in  Faith  were  unjustly  objected  to  by 
mathematicians,  who  admitted  much  greater  mysteries,  and  even 
falsehoods,  in  science,  of  which  he  endeavoured  to  prove  that  the 
doctrine  of  fluxions  furnished  an  eminent  example."  gee  Cun 
ningham's  Biog.  Diet. ;  Biog.  Brit. 

The  principal  answer  to  the  Analyst  was  supposed  to 
have  been  the  production  of  Dr.  Jurin;  it  was  entitled 
Philalethes  Cantabrigiensis ;  the  bishop  answered  this  by 
A  Defence  of  Free-thinking  in  Mathematics,  1735 ;  and 
Philalethes  responded  in  the  Minute  Mathematician.  In 
1735,  also,  appeared  Berkeley's  Querist,  intended  to  stimu 
late  the  Irish  to  develop  the  resources  of  their  own  coun 
try.  His  Discourse  addressed  to  Magistrates,  occasioned 
by  the  enormous  license  and  irreligion  of  the  times,  ap 
peared  in  1736;  Maxims  Concerning  Patriotism  in  1750, 
and  Measure  of  Civil  Submission  in  1784,  (posthumous.) 
We  class  these  tracts  together,  as  they  are  of  the  same 
character.  Having  been  benefited  by  the  use  of  tar-water 
during  an  attack  of  nervous  colic,  his  active  philanthropy 
induced  him  to  give  to  the  world  in  1774,  Siris,  a  Chain 
of  Philosophical  Reflections  and  Inquiries  respecting  the 
virtues  of  Tar- Water  in  the  Plague,  8vo ;  enlarged  and 
improved,  1747,  8vo.  In  French,  Amst.,  1745,  12mo.  Far 
ther  Thoughts  on  Tar- Water,  1752,  8vo.  Many  publica 
tions  on  both  sides  of  the  question  followed  the  bishop's 
work.  We  shall  refer  to  it  again  before  we  close  this 
article.  The  good  man's  health  was  now  very  infirm,  and 
he  longed — as  we  all  promise  ourselves  to  do — to  spend 
some  time  in  retirement  from  the  world  before  he  should 
"go  hence  to  be  no  more  seen."  With  this  object,  he 
begged  leave  to  resign  his  bishopric,  or  exchange  it  for  a 
canonry  at  Oxford.  The  king  however  declared  that  Dr. 
Berkeley  should  "  die  a  bishop  in  spite  of  himself,"  but  he 
had  full  permission  to  reside  wherever  he  might  think 
proper.  He  accordingly  removed  to  Oxford,  letting  the 
lands  of  his  demesne  at  a  rental  of  £200,  which  he  di 
rected  to  be  applied  to  the  relief  of  the  poor  during  his 
absence.  He  was  to  return  no  more ;  he  "  had  finished 
his  course;"  and  only  a  few  months  after  his  arrival  at 
Oxford,  one  Sunday  evening,  whilst  engaged  in  devout 
discourse  with  his  family  on  the  lesson  in  the  Burial  Ser 
vice,  he  was  added  to  the  many  confirmations  of  the  solemn 
declaration,  "  In  the  midst  of  life,  we  are  in  death ;"  and 
without  a  moment's  warning  was  ushered  into  the  awful 
presence  of  the  "Judge  of  all  the  earth."  In  1776  was 
pub.  An  Account  of  his  Life,  with  Notes,  containing  Stric 
tures  upon  his  Works,  8vo.  In  1784,  his  Whole  Works, 
with  an  Account  of  his  life,  and  several  of  his  Letters  to 
Thomas  Prior,  Esq.,  Dean  Gervias,  and  Mr.  Pope,  &c.,  by 
T.  Prior,  Esq.,  2  vols.  4to.  There  have  been  two  recent 
edits,  of  his  Works,  one  in  3  vols.  8vo,  and  another  by 
Rev.  G.  N.  Wright,  in  2  vols.  8vo,  pub.  in  1843.  Mr.  W. 
gives  a  trans,  of  the  Latin  Essays,  [Arithmetica,  Miscel 
lanea,  Mathematica,  and  De  Motu,]  and  notes  on  the  In 
troduction  to  Human  Knowledge. 

The  reader  will  find  in  Phil.  Trans.,  1746,  a  paper  of  the 
bishop's,  On  the  Petrifaction  of  Lough  Neagh  in  Ireland. 

The  character  of  this  exemplary  divine  requires  no 
eulogy  at  our  hands ;  his  contemporaries  so  well  appreci 
ated  his  virtues  whilst  living,  that  extracts  from  their 
commendation  sound  like  transcripts  from  the  monu 
mental  marble. 

"  So  much  understanding,"  says  Bishop  Atterbury,  "  so  much 
innocence,  and  such  humility,  I  did  not  think  had  been  the  por 
tion  of  any  but  angels,  till  I  saw  this  gentleman." 

"I  went  to  court  to-day,"  writes  Swift  to  Stella,  "on  purpose 
to  present  Mr.  Berkeley,  one  of  your  Fellows  of  Dublin  College,  to 
Lord  Berkeley  of  Stratton.  That  Mr.  Berkeley  is  a  very  ingenious 
man,  and  a  great  philosopher ;  and  I  have  mentioned  him  to  all 
the  ministers,  and  have  given  them  some  of  his  writings,  and  I 
will  favour  him  as  much  as  I  can.  This  I  think  I  am  bound  to, 
in  honour  and  conscience,  to  use  all  my  little  credit  towards  help 
ing  forward  men  of  worth  in  the  world." — April  12, 1713. 

A  long  and  interesting  letter  of  Swift's  to  Lord  Carteret 
respecting  Berkeley's  Bermudas  project,  will  be  found  in 
Spence's  Anecdotes,  p.  252. 

Lord  Bathurst  told  Dr.  Warton, 

"  That  all  the  members  of  the  Scriblerus  Club  being  met  at  his 
house  at  dinner,  they  agreed  to  rally  Berkeley,  who  was  also  his 
guest,  on  his  scheme  at  Bermudas.  Berkeley,  having  listened  to 
all  the  lively  things  they  had  to  say,  begged  to  be  heard  in  his 
turn ;  and  displayed  his  plan  with  such  an  astonishing  and  anh 
mated  force  of  eloquence  and  enthusiasm,  that  they  were  struck 
dumb,  and  after  some  pause  rose  up  all  together  with  earnestness 
exclaiming,  '  Let  us  all  set  out  with  him  immediately.'  " 

"  This  plan,  as  well  as  the  author  of  it,  was  pronounced  to  be 
whimsical  by  the  downright  and  sarcastic  Doctor  Douglass,  in  his 
Historical  and  Political  Summary;  and  he  treats  this  excellent 
man  with  some  degree  of  severity,  and  principally,  I  apprehend, 
because  the  bishop,  in  his  Treatise  on  Tar- Water,  had  ventured 


BER 

without  license  to  enter  the  precincts  of  the  learned  doctor's  pro 
fession."—  CHANCELLOR  KENT. 

His  influence  with  Pope,  who  ascribed  "To  Berkeley 
every  virtue  under  heaven,"  was  so  great  that  the  eulo 
gist  tells  us,  "  In  the  Moral  Poem,  I  had  written  an  ad 
dress  to  our  Saviour,  imitated  from  Lucretius's  compli 
ment  to  Epicurus  :  but  omitted  it,  by  the  advice  of  Dean 


. 

Dean  Berkeley  used  to  apply  Horace's  description  of  the  Fortu 
nate  Island  [Epod.  xvi.  41  to  63]  to  Bermudas,  and  his  scheme  of 
goin<*  thither;  and  was  so  fond  of  this  Epode  on  that  account,  that 
he  got  Mr.  Pope  to  translate  it  into  English,  and  I  have  seen  the 
translation."—/?.  A.  in  Spencers  Anecdotes. 

The  influence  of  Berkeley's  writings  in  defence  of  Reve 
lation  was  most  happy  : 

"  Alciphron,  or  the  Minute  Philosopher,  written  with  an  inten 
tion  to  expose  the  weakness  of  infidelity  and  skepticism,  is  per 
haps  the  most  ingenious  and  excellent  performance  of  the  kind  in 
the  English  tongue."—  Boswdl  on  Study. 

This,  like  all  hyperbolical  praise,  is  in  bad  taste.  It  is 
folly  to  say  that  any  one  composition  on  any  subject  is  th« 
"  most  ingenious  and  excellent  in  the  language  ;"  one  may 
as  well  specify,  as  some  thoughtless  people  do,  the  hand 
somest  woman,  or  the  most  polite  man,  or  the  most  erudite 
scholar  ;  such  expressions  of  opinion  are  insulting  to  those 
present,  and  of  but  little  value  to  the  absent  ;  for  persons 
whose  good  opinions  are  to  be  coveted  avoid  such  shocking 
absurdities. 

It  has  been  well  said, 

"  In  whatever  estimation  the  philosophical  opinions  of  Bishop 
Berkeley  may  he  held  by  the  metaphysicians  of  the  present  day, 
it  will  be  admitted  by  all  who  are  conversant  with  his  writings, 
that  he  was  a  profound  scholar,  eminently  skilled  in  logic  and 
physiology,  and  deeply  read  in  tho  ancient  systems  of  these 
sciences.  He  has  a  higher  claim  than  this  to  the  veneration  of  pos 
terity.  He  was  a  singularly  good  man,  in  whom  a  warm  benevo 
lence  to  his  fellow-creatures,  and  a  zealous  piety  to  God,  were  not 
merely  the  enthusiasms  of  his  heart,  but  the  presiding  rule  of 
his  life." 

Dr.  Drake  is  equally  enthusiastic  in  his  admiration  of 
the  good  bishop  : 

"  It  may  be  said  of  Berkeley,  without  exaggeration,  that  in  point 
of  virtue  and  benevolence,  no  one  of  the  sons  of  men  has  exceeded 
him.  Whether  we  consider  his  public  or  his  private  lite,  we  pause 
in  admiration  of  efforts  uncommonly  exalted,  disinterested,  and 
pure.  He  was  alike  an  object  of  enthusiastic  love  and  admiration 
to  extensive  societies  and  to  familiar  friends.  .  .  .  His  knowledge 
was  of  great  compass,  and  extended  to  all  the  useful  arts  and  oc 
cupations  of  life,  of  which  it  has  been  said,  that  there  is  scarcely 
one,  liberal  or  mechanic,  of  which  he  knew  not  more  than  the 
ordinary  practitioner."  —  Essays,  vol.  iii.  ;  and  see  Blackwood's  Me 
moirs  of  the  Court  of  Augustus,  vol.  ii. 

Even  when  engaged  upon  objects  not  directly  in  the  line 
of  his  profession,  the  good  bishop  "each  fond  endear 
ment  tries"  to  raise  the  minds  of  his  readers  to  the  exalted 
hopes  and  consolations  connected  with  a  brighter  sphere 
and  a  higher  state  of  being.  Dr.  Warton's  comment  upon 
Siris  is  worth  quoting  in  this  connexion: 

"  Many  a  vulgar  critic  has  sneered  at  Berkeley's  Siris,  for  begin 
ning  at  Tar,  and  ending  with  the  Trinity;  incapable  of  observing 
the  great  art  with  which  the  transitions  in  that  hook  are  finely 
made,  where  each  paragraph  depends  upon  and  arises  out  of  the 
preceding,  and  gradually  and  imperceptibly  leads  on  the  reader 
from  common  objects  to  more  remote,  —  from  matter  to  spirit,  — 
from  earth  to  Heaven." 

A  valuable  Review  of  Siris  will  be  found  in  the  Retro 
spective  Review,  vol.  xi.  239.  This  periodical,  now,  alas  ! 
very  scarce  and  expensive,  should  be  purchased  by  the 
lover  of  Old  English  Literature,  whenever  the  chance  may 
present  itself. 

"Tar-Water  rose  Into  general  esteem  as  a  medicine,  soon  after 
Berkeley's  book  made  its  appearance.  Its  virtues  as  a  tonic  will 
probably  be  admitted  at  present,  [1825;]  but  it  was  at  that  time 
considered  by  many  persons,  and  our  author  was  the  most  zealous 
amongst  them,  not  merely  as  a  cure  for  almost  every  disorder  in 
cident  to  the  human  frauip.  but  as  a  sure  conservative  of  health, 
and  a  guard  against  infection  and  old  age."  —  Retrosp.  Review. 

For  a  paper  on  Berkeley  and  Idealism,  and  a  notice  of 
Bailey's  Review  of  Berkeley's  Theory  of  Vision,  see  Black- 
wood's  Magazine,  vol.  li.  812. 

"  The  doctrines  of  Berkeley,  incomplete  as  they  appear  when 
viewed  as  the  isolated  tenets  of  an  individual,  and  short  as  they 
no  doubt  fell,  in  his  hands,  of  their  proper  and  ultimate  expres 
sion,  acquire  a  fuller  and  profounder  significance  when  studied  in 
connection  with  the  speculations  which  have  since  followed  in 
their  train." 

The  value  of  the  commendation  subjoined  is  too  well 
known  to  require  any  thing  but  the  names  of  the  critics  : 

"  Possessing  a  mind  which,  however  inferior  to  that  of  Locke  in 
depth  of  reflection  and  in  soundness  of  judgment,  was  fully  its 
equal  in  logical  acuteness  and  invention,  and  in  learning,  fancy 
and  taste  far  its  superior,  Berkeley  was  singularly  fitted  to  pro 
mote  that  reunion  of  Philosophy  and  of  the  Fine  Arts  which  is  so 
essential  to  the  prosperity  of  both.  .  .  .  With  these  intellectual 
and  moral  endowments,  admired  and  blazoned  as  they  were  bv  the 
most  distinguished  wits  of  his  age,  it  is  not  surprising  that  Berke 
ley  should  have  given  a  popularity  and  fashion  to  metaphysical 


BER 

pursuits  which  they  had  never  before  acquired  in  England."— 
DUGALD  STEWART  :  1st  Prelim.  Diss.  to  Encyc.  Brit. 

"  Ancient  learning,  exact  science,  polished  society,  modern  lite 
rature,  and  the  fine  arts,  contributed  to  adorn  and  enrich  the 
mind  of  this  accomplished  man.  All  his  contemporaries  agreed 
with  the  satirist  in  ascribing 

'  To  Berkeley  every  virtue  under  heaven.' 

Adverse  factions  and  hostile  wits  concurred  only  in  loving,  ad 
miring,  and  contributing  to  advance  him.  The  severe  sense  of 
Swift  endured  his  visions ;  the  modest  Addison  endeavoured  to 
reconcile  Clarke  to  his  ambitious  speculations.  His  character  con 
verted  the  satire  of  Pope  into  fervid  praise.  Even  the  discerning, 
fastidious,  and  turbulent  Atterbury  said,  after  an  interview  with 
him,  '  So  much  understanding,  so  much  knowledge,  so  much  in 
nocence,  and  such  humility,  I  did  not  think  had  been  the  portion 
of  any  but  angels,  till  I  saw  this  gentleman.'  .  .  .  Of  the  exquisite 
grace  and  beauty  of  his  diction,  no  man  accustomed  to  English 
composition  can  need  to  be  informed.  His  works  are.  beyond  dis 
pute,  the  finest  models  of  philosophical  style  since  Cicero.  Per 
haps  they  surpass  those  of  the  orator,  in  the  wonderful  art  by 
which  the  fullest  light  is  thrown  on  the  most  minute  and  evanes 
cent  parts  of  the  most  subtile  of  human  conceptions.  Perhaps  he 
also  surpassed  Cicero  in  the  charm  of  simplicity." — Sia  JAMBS 
MACKINTOSH  :  2d  Prelim.  Dissert.  Encyc.  Brit. 

In  the  life  and  in  the  death  of  Berkeley  and  Swift  there 
was  just  that  contrast  which  aims  so  widely  at  variance 
would  lead  us  to  expect.  The  one  amidst  labours  and 
self-sacrifioe  passed  his  days  in  tranquillity,  and, — his  last 
years  solaced  by 

"  That  which  should  accompany  old  age^ 

As  honour,  love,  obedience,  troops  of  friends" — 
whilst  engaged  in  enforcing  those  truths  which  his  own 
life  had  exemplified,  exchanged  confiding  hope  for  joyful 
fruition  in  "  the  vision  of  the  Almighty."  The  other, 
tempest-driven  by  the  storms  of  passion,  the  victim  of 
blighted  projects  and  disappointed  schemes,  at  war  with 
his  race  and  with  himself,  only  exchanged  insane  ravings 
for  idiotic  imbecility,  and  sank  into  an  unhonoured  grave, 
a  mournful  beacon  to  all  who  "  set  their  affections  upon 
the  earth,"  and  content  themselves  with  genius  unsancti- 
fied  by  heavenly  wisdom.  Young  man !  to  whom  God 
hath  granted  mental  capacity  and  intellectual  wealth,  look 
first  upon  that  picture,  then  on  this,  and  say  which  shall  be 
the  object  of  thy  ambition,  JONATHAN  SWIFT,  or  GEORGE 
BERKELEY? 

Berkeley,  George,  1733-1795,  son  of  the  preced 
ing,  was  admitted  of  Christ  Church,  Oxford,  at  the  age  of 
nineteen.  He  entered  into  holy  orders,  and  held  several 
preferments — Prebendary  of  Canterbury,  <fcc., — at  the 
time  of  his  death.  In  1785  he  pub.  two  Sermons  respect 
ing  the  Stuarts  and  their  adherents,  1785-89 ;  and  a  Ser 
mon  on  Good  Friday,  1787. 

"  As  an  author  we  readily  allow  that  merit  in  Mr.  Berkeley  to 
which  we  cannot  so  freely  subscribe  when  we  consider  him  as  a 
statesman  or  politician.  This  nation  never  did,  and,  we  apprehend, 
never  can,  prosper  under  the  influence  of  Tory  principles  of  govern 
ment." — Lon.  Monthly  Review. 

His  widow  pub.  a  volume  of  his  Sermons  in  1799.  This 
lady,  who  was  a  frequent  contributor  to  that  invaluable 
periodical,  the  Gentleman's  Magazine,  also  pub.  in  1797 
a  volume  of  poems  (with  a  preface  of  her  own)  written  by 
her  son,  George  Monck  Berkeley.  (See  below.) 

Berkeley,  Hon.  George  Charles  Grantley 
Fitzhardinge,  son  of  the  fifth  Earl  of  Berkeley,  born 
1800,  was  M.P.  for  Gloucestershire  West  from  1832  to 
'52.  Author  of  Berkeley  Castle,  a  Novel,  London,  1836, 
3  vols.  8vo,  which  was  so  severely  reviewed  by  Dr.  Maginn, 
in  Fraser's  Magazine  for  August,  1836,  that  it  led  to  a 
duel  between  author  and  critic,  in  which  three  shots  were 
exchanged.  Mr.  Grantley  Berkeley  subsequently  pub 
lished  another  novel,  Sandron  Hall,  3  vols.  p.  8vo,  and  a 
pamphlet  upon  Field-Sports  and  Poaching. 

Berkeley,  George  Monck,  son  of  the  preceding, 
author  of  the  volume  of  Poems  mentioned  above,  made 
some  other  contributions  to  the  cause  of  literature.  In 
1789  he  pub.  Literary  Relics,  containing  original  Letters 
from  King  Charles  II.,  King  James  II.,  the  Queen  of  Bo 
hemia,  Swift,  Berkeley,  Addison,  Steele,  Congreve,  the 
Duke  of  Ormond,  and  Bishop  Rundle;  to  which  is  pre 
fixed  an  Inquiry  into  the  Life  of  Dean  Swift,  8vo. 

"  The  temper  of  mind  with  which  Mr.  Berkeley  enters  on  his  in 
quiry,  and  its  unfavourable  tendency  to  promote  truth,  will  be 
seen  by  every  one  who  attends  to  his  treatment  of  Lord  Orrery. 
His  lordship  is  not  only  denied  all  kind  of  literary  merit,  but  his 
name  is  coupled  with  the  most  reproachful  epithets ;  we  read  of 
'  the  yelps  of  Lord  Orrery,'  and  '  the  howl  of  Lord  Orrery :'  Lord 
Orrery  is  '  a  common  sewer  and  a  monster,'  who,  though  he  had 
not  even  the  courage  of  an  ass  to  insult  the  dying  lion,  yet,  mon- 
ster-like,  preyed  upon  the  carcase." — Lon.  Monthly  Review. 

Berkeley,  George,  Earl  of,  d.  1698,  aged  71,  de 
scended  in  a  direct  line  from  Robert  Fitzharding,  of  the 
royal  house  of  Denmark,  was  noted  for  his  exemplary 
piety  and  conciliating  manners.  From  this  latter  charac 
teristic  Wycherley  was  induced  to  chronicle  him  as  Lord 


BER 

Plausible,  in  the  Plain  Dealer.     His  lordship  was  author  ! 
of  an  excellent  book  entitled  Historical  Applications,  and 
occasional  Meditations  upon  several  subjects,  Lon.,  1670, 
12mo ;  3d  edit.,  1680.     His  lordship  also  pub.  A  Speech 
to  the  Levant  Company  at  their  Annual  Election,  1680. 
He  gave  to  the  Library  of  Sion  College  a  valuable  collec-  j 
tion  of  books,  formed  by  Sir  Robert  Coke. 

«  The  Historical  Application  serves  to  confirm  the  account  of  j 
his  lordship's  amiable  character  which  was  given  by  Mr.  Fenton;  | 
and  though  much  enriched  by  selected  passages  from  other  wri 
ters,  has  many  valuable  sentiments  intermingled  by  the  noble 
moralist."— nark's  WalpoU's  R.  d-N.  Attthors. 

Berkeley,  John.  Collectanea  Historica  complexa 
ipsius  Negotiationem  Anni  1647  cum  Olivario  Cromwel, 
Ireton,  et  aliis  Exercitus  Praefectis  pro  Revocatione  Ca- 
roli  I.  in  Regni  Administrationem,  Lon.,  1699,  8vo. 

Berkeley,  Joshua,  D.D.     The  Difficulties  attending 
a  just  Explanation  of  the  Scriptures  considered,  as  they  : 
have  arisen  from  the  gradual  Progress  of  revealed  Reli 
gion,  through  a  length  of  time;  a  Sermon  on  2  Tim.  ii. 
15,  1780,  4to.     [Visitation.] 

Berkeley,  Mary,  Countess  Dowager  of.    An 
Address  to  the  House  of  Peers  of  the  United  Kingdom,  | 
Lon.,  1811,  8vo.     On  this  claim  a  number  of  pamphlets 
have  appeared.       See  Lowndes's  Bibliographer's  Manual. 
Berkeley,  Rev.  Thomas.     Wilderness,  or  Prolu 
sions  in  verse,  1811,  12mo. 

Berkefey,  Sir  William,  d.  1677,  for  nearly  40  years 
governor  of  Virginia,  was  the  author  of  A  Discourse  and 
View  of  Virginia,  pp.  12,  1663,  fol.;  The  Lost  Lady;  A 
Tragi-Comedy,  1639 ;  and  (according  to  the  Biog.  Dramat.) 
a  play  called  Cordelia,  1662,  not  printed,  ascribed  to  Sir 
William  Bartley.     In  Francis  Moryson's  edit,  of  the  Laws  ! 
of  Virginia,  Lon.,  1662,  fol.,   the  Preface  informs  us  that 
Sir  William  was  the  author  of  the  best  of  them. 
Berkenhead,  Sir  John.     See  BIRKENHEAD. 
Berkenhout,  Mrs.  Heliiia.     The  History  of  Vic 
toria  Mortimer,  Lon.,  1805,  4  vols.  12ino. 

Berkenhout,  John,  M.D.,  b.  about  1730,  d.  1791,  a 
native  of  Leeds,  rose  to  the  rank  of  Captain  in  the  Prus 
sian  service,  then  studied  medicine,  and  added  the  claims 
of  authorship  and  diplomacy  to  his  other  titles  to  distinc 
tion.  In  1778  he  visited  Philadelphia,  by  order  of  the 
English  government,  to  assist  in  the  negotiations  with  the 
American  Congress.  He  has  been  very  foolishly  compared 
to  the  "Admirable  Crichton."  His  merits,  however,  are 
undoubtedly  great.  He  pub.  many  professional,  and  other, 
works,  of  which  we  name  a  few  :  Clavis  Anglica  Linguae 
Botanicae  Linnaei,  1762,  8vo.  Pharmacopoeia  Medicae, 
1756,  8voj  3d  edit,  1762.  Outlines  of  the  Natural  His 
tory  of  Great  Britain  and  Ireland ;  containing  an  arrange 
ment  of  all  the  animals,  vegetables,  and  fossils,  which 
have  hitherto  been  discovered  in  these  kingdoms,  Lon., 
1767-71,  3  vols.  8vo  j  reprinted  together  in  1773 ;  and  a 
2d  edit,  in  1788,  2  vols.  8vo,  under  the  title  of  A  Synopsis 
of  the  Natural  History  of  Great  Britain,  <fcc.  Biographia 
Literaria ;  or  a  Biographical  History  of  Literature,  con 
taining  the  Lives  of  English,  Scotch,  and  Irish,  Authors, 
from  the  dawn  of  Letters  in  these  kingdoms  to  the  present 
time,  chronologically  and  classically  arranged,  vol.  L, 
Lon.,  1777,  4to;  this  is  all  that  appeared.  Vol.  i.  com 
prehends  from  the  beginning  of  the  5th  to  the  end  of  the 
16th  century.  Vols.  2d  and  3d  were  to  have  been  de 
voted  to  the  authors  of  the  17th  century,  and  vol.  iv. 
(conclusion)  would  have  taken  in  the  time  from  1700  to 
aboui  1777. 

"  The  lives  are  very  short,  and  the  author  frequently  introduces 
sentiments  hostile  to  religious  establishments  and  doctrines,  which 
could  not  be  very  acceptable  to  English  readers.  The  dates  and 
facts,  however,  are  given  with  great  accuracy ;  and  in  many  of  the 
lives  he  profited  by  the  assistance  of  George  Steevens,  Esq.,  the 
celebrated  commentator  on  Shakspeare." 

A  new  edit,  of  Campbell's  Lives  of  the  Admirals,  Lon., 
1779,  4to.  Symptomatology,  Lon.,  1784,  8vo.  The  First 
Lines  of  the  Theory  and  Practice  of  Philosophical  Che 
mistry,  Lon.,  1778,  8vo,  dedicated  to  Mr.  Eden,  afterwards 
Lord  Auckland,  whom  the  doctor  accompanied  to  America. 
Letters  on  Education,  to  his  son  at  Oxford,  1791,  2  vols. 
12mo.  The  doctor  printed  Proposals  for  a  History  of 
Middlesex,  including  London,  4  vols.  fol.  The  design  was 
abandoned,  and  the  Proposals  not  circulated.  The  doctor 
also  pub.  treatises  on  Gout,  1772.  Lucubrations  on  Ways 
and  Means,  1780,  and  a  trans,  of  Dr.  Pomme's  Treatise  on 
Hypochondria,  Ac.,  in  1777. 

"  When  we  reflect  on  the  variety  of  books  that  bear  his  name, 
we  cannot  but  be  surprised  at  the  extent  and  variety  of  the  know 
ledge  they  contain.  .  .  .  An  individual  so  universally  informed  as 
Dr.  Berkenhout,  is  an  extraordinary  appearance  in  the  republic  of 
letters."— Chalmers's  Biog.  Diet, 


BER 

To  sum  up  the  doctor's  various  characters,  he  was,  1.  A 
Soldier.  2.  A  Doctor  of  Medicine.  3.  An  Author.  4.  A 
Classical  Scholar.  5.  A  Mathematician.  6.  A  Botanist. 
7.  A  Chemist.  8.  A  Political  Economist.  9.  A  Diploma 
tist.  10.  A  Poet.  11.  A  Painter.  12.  A  Musician.  What 
a  hydra-headed  member  of  society  was  Dr.  Berkenhout ! 

Berket,  Henry.  Poemata,  1645,  4to.  Privately 
printed. 

Berlie,  J.  James.  The  Treasury  of  Drugs  unlocked, 
or  a  description  of  all  sorts  of  Drugs,  Lon.,  1690. 

Bernard,  Andrew,  an  Austin  Friar,  born  at  Tou 
louse,  was  Poeta  Laureatus  to  Henry  VII.  and  Henry 
VIII.,  historiographer,  and  also  preceptor  in  Grammar,  to 
Prince  Arthur.  He  wrote  some  Latin  pieces,  which  are  in 
MS.  in  the  Cottonian  Library ;  among  these  are  an  Address 
to  Henry  VIII.,  a  Chronicle  of  the  Life  and  Achievements 
of  Henry  VII.  to  the  taking  of  Perkin  Warbeck,  and  other 
historical  commentaries  on  the  reign  of  that  king. 

"  I  am  of  opinion  that  it  was  not  customary  for  the  royal  laure 
ate  to  write  in  English,  till  the  reformation  of  religion  had  begun 
to  diminish  the  veneration  for  the  Latin  language ;  or  rather,  till 
the  love  of  novelty,  and  a  better  sense  of  things,  had  banished 
the  narrow  pedantries  of  monastic  erudition,  and  taught  us  to 
cultivate  our  native  tongue." —  Warton's  History  of  English  Poetry, 
vol.  ii. 

Bernard,  Charles.    Med.  Con.  to  Phil.  Trans.,  1696. 
Bernard,  Chris.     Letter  to  the  Netherlands,  Oxon., 
1655,  fol. 

Bernard,  Chris.  Present  State  of  Surgery,  Lon., 
1703,  4to. 

Bernard,  Edward,  D.D.,  1638-1696,  an  eminent 
critic,  astronomer,  and  linguist,  was  a  native  of  North 
amptonshire.  In  1655  he  was  elected  scholar  of  St 
John's  College,  Oxford,  of  which  he  was  subsequently  a 
Fellow.  He  visited  Holland  three  times  in  the  course  of 
his  learned  investigations.  In  the  praiseworthy  effort 
made  at  Oxford  in  1670  to  collect  and  publish  the  works 
of  the  ancient  mathematicians,  Bernard  took  an  active 
part.  He  compiled  a  valuable  synopsis  of  the  authors  se 
lected  for  publication,  which  compilation  will  be  found  in 
Dr.  Thomas  Smith's  Life  of  Bernard.  It  is  to  be  regretted 
that  the  plan  was  not  carried  out  with  the  same  zeal  which 
first  suggested  it.  He  drew  up  a  very  complete  Index  to  the 
Catalogus  Manuscriptorum  Angliae  et  Hibernise,  Oxon., 
1697,  fol.  In  this  Index  he  specifies  many  valuable  Greek 
MSS.  in  several  foreign  libraries,  as  well  as  those  at  home. 
In  1673  he  succeeded  Christopher  Wren,  to  whom  he  had 
been  deputy  since  1669,  as  Savilian  Professor  of  Astro 
nomy  at  Oxford.  His  contributions  to  the  works  of  his 
learned  contemporaries  were  numerous.  For  a  list,  see 
Watt's  Bib.  Brit.  Dr.  Smith  mentions  one  admirable  trait 
in  his  character,  which  we  desire  in  our  present  literary 
undertaking  to  profit  by : 

"He  was  a  candid  judge  of  other  men's  performances;  not  too 
censorious  even  on  trifling  books,  if  they  contained  nothing  con 
trary  to  good  manners,  virtue,  or  religion ;  and  to  those  which  dis 
played  wit,  learning,  or  good  sense,  none  gave  more  ready  and 
ample  praise." — Life  of  Bernard. 

We  would  fain  make  our  Index  Expurgatorius  as  small 
as  possible,  yet  at  our  own  hazard  must  we  remember  tho 
motto  of  our  illustrious  predecessors  of  the  Edinburgh 
Review — the  only  line  of  Publius  Syrius  according  to  Syd 
ney  Smith,  with  which  the  critics  were  acquainted : 

"  JNDEX  DAMNATUR  CUM  NOCENS  ABSOLVITUR." 
Many  books  from  Dr.  Bernard's  Library  were  purchased 
for  the  Bodleian  Library  by  the  agency  of  Humphrey 
Wanley. 

"  The  addition  made  to  the  Bodleian  from  Dr.  Bernard's  study 
was  of  the  greatest  importance,  and  contained  many  of  the  most 
valuable  books,  both  printed  and  MSS.,  now  in  the  library."  See 
Wanley's  interesting  memoranda  in  Bliss's  Wood's  Athen.  Oxon., 
vol.  Jv.  707. 

"  He  was  a  person  admirably  well  read  in  all  kinds  of  ancient 
learning,  in  Astronomy  and  Mathematics,  a  curious  Critic,  an  ex 
cellent  Grecian,  Latinist,  Chronologer,  and  Orientalian."— WOOD. 
Bernard,  Sir  Francis,  Bart.,  d.  1779,  Governor, 
first,  of  New  Jersey,  and  afterwards  of  Massachusetts,  pub. 
Letters  to  the  Earl  of  Hillsborough,  and  Letters  to  the 
Ministry,  Lon.,  1769,  8vo.  Select  Letters  on  the  Trade 
and  Government  of  America,  Ac.,  1774,  8vo.  Some  of  his 
Greek  and  Latin  Poems  were  pub.  in  the  Pietas  and  Gra- 
tulatio,  Camb.,  1761. 

Bernard,  H.  H.  Guide  to  the  Hebrew  Biblical  Stu 
dent,  Lon.,  8vo.  The  Main  Principles  of  the  Creed,  and 
Ethics  of  the  Jews,  &c.,  Camb.,  1832,  8vo. 

"  Besides  communicating  to  the  English  reader  the  sentiments, 
traditions,  and  sayings  of  the  ancient  rabbins  quoted  by  Ma inio- 
nides,  the  volume  will  materially  contribute  to  supply  the  BibllcaJ 
student  with  the  means,  at  present  scarcely  within  his  reach,  of 
acquiring  an  accurate  knowledge  of  rabbinical  Hebrew."— Home's 
Introduction, 


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Sec  Brit.  Grit.,  April  1833  j  and  Christian  Remembrancer, 
vol.  xiv.,  1832. 

Bernard,  John.  Oratio  de  rera  Anima  Tranquili- 
tate,  Londini,  1568,  4to.  Trans,  by  Anth.  Marten,  Lon., 
1570,  8vo. 

Bernard,  John.  The  Independant's  Catechism,  Lon., 

Bernard,  John.    Retrospections  of  the  Stage,  1830. 

Bernard,  John  Peter,  assisted  Birch,  Lockman, 
Sale,  and  others  in  the  compilation  of  the  General  Dic 
tionary,  Historical  and  Critical,  [including  Bayle's,]  1734- 
41,  10  vols.  fol. 

Bernard,  Nathaniel.     Sermon,  Oxon.,  1643,  4to. 

Bernard,  Nicholas,  D.D.,  d.  1661,  was  educated  at 
the  University  of  Cambridge.  By  the  interest  of  Arch 
bishop  Usher  he  was  promoted  to  the  Deanery  of  Ardagh. 
A  Sermon  preached  at  the  Burial  of  John  Atherton,  last 


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the  Lord  Bishop  of  Durham  on  the  Measures  under  consi 
deration  of  Parliament  for  promoting  Industry  and  the 
Relief  of  the  Poor,  1807,  8vo.  The  New  School;  being 
an  attempt  to  illustrate  its  Principles  and  Advantages,  3d 
edit.,  1810,  8vo.  The  Barrington  School ;  being  an  Illus 
tration  of  the  Principles,  Practices,  and  Effects  of  the  Sys 
tem  of  Instruction,  in  facilitating  the  Religious  and  Moral 
Instruction  of  the  Poor,  1812,  8vo.  An  Account  of  the 
supply  of  Fish  for  the  Manufacturing  Poor,  1813,  8vo. 
On  the  Supply  of  Employment  and  Subsistence  for  the 
Labouring  Classes  in  Fisheries,  Manufactures,  and  Culti 
vation  of  Waste  Land,  &c.,  1816.  This  good  man  also 
wrote  Spurinna,  or  the  Comforts  of  Old  Age  ;  with  Notes 
and  Biographical  Illustrations,  1816,  8vo.  The  author  had 
taken  the  most  certain  means  of  securing  the  Comforts  of 
Old  Age,  by  devoting  his  days  of  strength  and  activity  to 
the  good  of  his  fellow-man,  and  the  honour  of  his  God. 


Bishop  of  Waterford,  Lon.,  1641,  4to.     The  publication     With  the  view  of  inducing  others  to  seek  true  happiness 
this  sermon  gave  much  offence.     The  Whole  Proceed-     in  the  unfailing  source  from  which  he  1 
TS  of  the  Sie«" e  of  Drogheda,  Lon.,  1642,  4to ;  Dubl.,     own  consolations,  he  pub.  in  1806,  An 

A  Dialogue  betweel  Paul  and  Agrippa,  Lon.,  1642,     Christianity,  containing  Select  Passages  from  Scnpture, 
4to.     The  Life  °and  Death  of  Archbishop  Usher,  in  a  ser-     with  a  Commentary  by  Edward^Gibbon,  Esq.,  and^Notes 
mon  preached  at  his  Funeral,  Lon.,  1656,  12mo;  after 
wards  enlarged.     The  Judgment  of  Archbp.  Usher  on  the 
Extent  of  Christ's  Death  and  Satisfaction,  on  the  Sabbath, 

and  Observance  of  the  Lord's  Day,  Lon.,  1657,  8vo.     This 
treatise  was  noticed  by  Dr.  Peter  Heylyn  in  Respondent 

Petrus,  &c.,  1658,  4to.     Devotions  of  the  Ancient  Church, 

in  seven  pious  prayers,  Lon.,  1660,  8vo.     Clavi  Trabales, 

Ac.,  Lon.,  1661,  4to,  and  some  other  publications. 
"Archbishop  Usher,  having  daily  opportunities  of  taking  notice 

of  the  parts,  and  the  solidity  of  learning  and  judgment  of  Mr. 

Bernard,  employed  him  in  making  collections  for  some  works  he 

was  then  meditating,  and  more  particularly  for  the  Antiquities  of 

the  British  Churches,  which  did  not  appear  in  public  till  the  year 

IG39,"—Binff.  Brit. 

Bernard,  Richard,  b.  1566,  or  1567,  d.  1641,  an  emi 
nent  Puritan  divine,  was  educated  at  Christ's  College,  Cam 
bridge.  Terence's  Comedies  trans,  into  English,  1598,  4to ; 

often  reprinted ;  the  first  trans,  into  English  of  the  whole 

of  Terence.     Plain  Evidence  that  the  Church  of  England 

is  Apostolical,  and  the  separation  schismatical,  1610,  4to. 

A  Key  for  opening  the  Mysteries  of  the  Revelation  of  St. 

John,  Lon.,  1617,  4to.     The  Fabulous  Foundation  of  the 

Popedom,  showing  that  St.  Peter  was  never  at  Rome,  Oxf., 

1619,  4to.     Faithful  Shepherd,  1607,  4to.     Looke  beyond 

Luther,  Lon.,  1623,  4to.      He  pub.  several  other  pieces 

against  the  Church  of  Rome.     A  Guide  to  Grand  Jury 
men  with  respect  to  Witches,  Lon.,  1627, 12mo.     This  part 

of  the  country,  according  to  Granville,  was  much  infected 

with  Witches.     The  Isle  of  Man,  or  legal  proceedings  in 

Man-shire  against  Sin,  Lon.,  1627,  8vo.    The  work  reached 

its  10th  edit,  in  1635  !     Some  suppose  it  to  have  been  the 

germ  of  Bunyan's  Pilgrim's  Progress,  and  Holy  War.     We 

shall  refer  to  this  subject  under  BUNYAN.      The  Bible 

Battels,  or  the  Sacred  Art  Military,  Lon.,  1629,  12mo. 

Thesaurus  Biblicus  sive  Promptuarium  Sacrum,  Londini, 

4to,  with  port-rait  by  Hollar,  Lon.,  1661,  fol. ;   enlarged 

edit,  1664.     Ruth's  Recompense,  &c.,  Lon.,  1628,  4to,  and 

other  works. 
Bernard,  Samuel,  Jr.     The  Essence,  Spirituality, 

and  Glorious  Issue  of  the  Religion  of  Christ;  to  all  God's 
chosen  exhibited  in  Remarks  on  the  "  Verily,  Verily,"  as 
used  by  our  Lord  in  many  parts  of  Scripture,  1807,  12mo. 
Bernard,  Thos.    Advantages  of  Learning,  1736, 8vo. 
Bernard,  Sir  Thomas,  1750-1818,  son  of  Sir  Francis 
Bernard,  (see  ante,)  was  educated  at  Harvard  College,  New 
England.     He  practised  for  a  few  years  as  conveyancer, 
but  retiring  from  business,  devoted  his  life  to  the  benefit 
of  the  public.     The  improvement  of  the  physical  and  reli 
gious  condition  of  the  poor,  and  the  literary  and  scientific 
advancement  of  the  wealthier  classes  of  society  equally  en 
listed  the  zeal  and  called  forth  the  energies  of  this  truly 
amiable  man.     The  chimney-sweeper  of  St.  Giles  felt  the 
ameliorating  influence  of  his  benevolent  interposition,  and 
Sir  Humphry    Davy  won  undying  laurels  on  the  stage  of 
the  Royal  Institution,  which  Sir  Francis  Bernard  con 
tributed   to  found.      The  Free  Chapel  in  St.  Giles,  the 
British  Institution,  and  the  Hospital  for  Foundlings,  bear 
witness  to  the  noble  philanthropy  of  a  man  who  had  prac 
tically  learned  the  lesson  that  "none  of  us  liveth  to  him 
self."     In  the  establishment  of  the  Royal  Institution,  he 
.    had  the  active  co-operation  of  Count  Rumford.      See  an 
interesting  account  of  the  first  lectures  at  tkis  Institution, 
in  Dibdin's  Reminiscences,  vol.  i. 

Sir  Thomas  pub.  a  number  of  works  on  the  objects  which 
engrossed  his  care ;  among  them,  are  Observations  relating 
to  the  Liberty  of  the  Press,  Lon.,  1793,  8vo.  Letter  to 


prove  the  authenticity  of  Divine  revelation  from  the  testimony  of 
its  bitterest  enemies.  It  is  a  very  ingenious  method  of  turning 
the  weapons  of  unbelievers  against  themselves."— LOWNDES. 

He  was  connected  with  Dr.  Dibdin  in  the  publication  of 
the  Director,  2  vols.,  1807,  8vo,  a  weekly  periodical,  in  which 
notices  of  the  Lectures  delivered  at  the  Royal  Institution, 
and  the  Pictures  exhibited  at  the  Bristol  Gallery,  occupy 
a  prominent  place.  His  friend  and  coadjutor  bears  testi 
mony  to  the  excellence  of  the  subject  of  our  memoir. 

"  Sir  Thomas  Bernard  did  much  and  great  good  as  a  philanthro 
pist.  ...  He  resolved  to  devote  the  approaching  autumn  of  his 
life  to  objects  of  real  practical  utility,  and  he  made  BETTERING  THE 
CONDITION  OF  THE  POOR  one  of  those  most  essential  objects.  How 
ard  explored  dungeons,  Sir  Thomas  visited  drawing-rooms,  to  lay 
them  under  contribution  for  the  support  of  his  avowed  darling 
object.  In  short,  benevolence  may  be  said  to  have  become  fashion 
able  under  his  influence.  Great  efforts,  on  all  sides,  were  made, 
and  societies  and  establishments  out  of  number  sprung  up  to  '  bless 
our  victuals  with  increase  and  to  satisfy  our  poor  with  bread." — 
Dibdin's  Reminiscences. 

Bernard,  William  Bayle,  b.  1808,  at  Boston:  he 
prepared  for  the  press  his  father's  "  Recollections  of  the 
Stage,"  and  was  the  author  of  many  popular  plays,  the 
jest-known  of  which  are :  The  Nervous  Man  and  the  Man 
of  Nerve;  Irish  Attorney;  The  Mummy;  His  Last  Legs; 
Dumb  Belle;  The  Boarding-School;  Round  of  Wrong; 
Life's  Trials,  Ac. 

Bernardi,  Major  John,  1657-1736,  an  English  offi 
cer,  descended  from  an  ancient  family  which  had  flourished 
at  Lucca,  Italy,  from  the  year  1097,  was  a  zealous  adhe 
rent  of  James  II.  In  1696  he  was  imprisoned  as  accom 
plice  in  the  plot  for  assassinating  King  William.  There 
was  no  proof  against  him,  yet  six  successive  parliaments 
(under  four  sovereigns)  passed  acts  to  detain  him  and  five 
others  in  prison.  He  died  in  Newgate,  after  a  confine 
ment  of  nearly  forty  years.  He  wrote  an  account  of  his 
Life,  Lon.,  1729,  8vo.  See  Biog.  Brit. 

Bernays,  Leopold  J.  Goethe's  Faust,  part  ii.  A 
trans.,  partly  in  the  Metres  of  the  Original,  and  partly  in 
Prose,  of  Part  ii.  of  Goethe's  Faust;  with  other  Poems, 
demy  8vo. 

"  Mr.  Bernays,  an  idolater  of  the  poet,  has  rendered  his  extraor 
dinary  production  partly  into  prose  and  partly  into  the  original 
metres ;  in  both  he  has  displayed  a  knowledge  of  his  principal, 
and  a  command  of  the  two  languages." — Lon.  Literary  Gazette. 

"  Mr.  Bernay's  most  exact  and  very  excellent  translation." — 
Conservative  Journal. 

Berners,  John  Bourchier,  Lord,  d.  1532,  aged 
63,  a  descendant  of  Edward  III.,  Chancellor  of  the  Ex 
chequer  under  Henry  VIII.,  and  Deputy-General  of  Calais 
and  its  Marches,  is  best  known  as  a  translator  of  the 
grand  old  Chronicle  of  Froissart.  Froissart,  a  canon  of 
two  churches,  was  a  resident  of  England,  as  Secretary  to 
the  Queen  of  Edward  III.,  from  1361  to  1366.  In  1395 
he  paid  another  visit  to  England.  His  Chronicle — which 
is  one  of  the  most  enchanting  pictures  or  picture-galleries 
ever  devised  by  the  wit  and  drawn  by  the  pen  of  man 
—depicts  the  campaign  of  Edward  III.  upon  the  Conti 
nent,  and  contemporaneous  events  in  the  principal  coun 
tries  of  Europe.  In  the  formation  of  his  history  Froissart 
employed  40  years.  That  amiable  enthusiast,  Dr.  Dibdin, 
thus  commends  this  author : 

"  Let  me  press  strongly  on  the  '  Young  Man's'  attention,  the 
importance,  the  instruction,  and  the  never-failing  source  of  amuse 
ment,  of  his  history :  which  has  alike  endeared  the  author  to  the 
antiquary,  the  man  of  taste,  and  even  to  the  lover  of  romantic 
lore.  The  pages  of  Froissart  exhibit  a  perfectly  natural  and  pleas 
ing  picture.  Conversations,  skirmishes,  battles— the  country,  the 


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town— scenes  within  the  tent,  the  palace,  or  the  church— the  quiet 
of  pastoral  occupations,  or  the  tumult  of  a  popular  assembly — 
these,  and  every  thing  which  he  touches,  are  hit  off  in  a  manner 
the  most  simple  and  striking  imaginable ;  and  severe  indeed  must 
he  that  taste,  and  fastidious  that  feeling,  which  shall  deny  to  the 
pages  of  this  historian  the  merit  of  great  interest,  candour,  and 
apparent  fidelity.  His  episodes  are  occasionally  delightful,  and  it 
is  evident  that  he  was  fond  of  them.  He  has  also  a  peculiar  art 
in  suspending  the  main  narrative,  (when  the  interest  is  becoming 
more  and  more  intense,)  by  the  relation  of  a  number  of  little  cir 
cumstances  which  only  makes  us  return  to  it  with  a  keener  appe 
tite.  ...  It  cannot  be  denied  that  Froissart  has  admirably  de 
scribed  the  campaigns  of  our  Edward  upon  the  Continent,  when 
the  British  arms  were  covered  with  glory ;  when  a  spirit  of  chi 
valry,  amounting  to  the  romantic,  stirred  every  breast,  and  nerved 
every  arm.  The  splendours  of  Cressy  and  Poictiers  are  but  slightly 
shaded,  if  at  all,  by  the  achievements  of  Agincourt  and  Waterloo." 
— Library  Companion. 

"'Did  you  ever  read  Froissart?' — 'No,'  was  Morton's  answer. 
'  I  have  half  a  mind,'  said  Claverhouse,  '  to  contrive  you  should 
have  six  months'  imprisonment,  in  order  to  procure  you  that  plea 
sure.  His  chapters  inspire  me  with  more  enthusiasm  than  poetry 
itself.'  "—Old  Mortality. 

As  the  name  of  Monstrelet  is  closely  associated  with 
Froissart,  we  may  mention  that  the  history  of  the  former, 
the  Chronicles  of  France  and  England,  comprehends  the 
period  from  1400  to  1467,  continued  by  others  to  1516  : 
(see  notice  of  the  translations  of  Froissart  and  Monstrelet, 
by  Colonel  Thomas  Johnes,  under  his  name.)  Lord  Ber- 
ners's  translation  of  Froissart's  Chronicles,  made  by  com 
mand  of  Henry  VIIL,  has  been  highly  commended. 

"  A  soldier,  a  statesman,  and  a  scholar,  this  nobleman  was  sin 
gularly  well  adapted  for  the  task  which  he  undertook.  Indeed, 
considering  the  period  of  its  completion,  it  was  a  sort  of  literary 
miracle." — DIBDIN  :  Library  Companion. 

In  correctness,  as  well  as  in  other  valuable  qualities, 
Lord  Berners's  translation  has  been  considered  superior  to 
that  of  Colonel  Johnes. 

"  In  imitating  the  style  of  his  original;  Lord  Berners's  transla 
tion  becomes  peculiarly  valuable  to  an  English  reader.  His  ver 
sion  is  faithful,  but  not  servile ;  and  he  imitates  the  spirit  and 
simplicity  of  the  original,  without  allowing  us  to  discover,  from 
any  deficiency  in  either  of  these  particulars,  that  his  own  work  is 
a  translation."— From  the  reprint  of  Pynson's  1st  edit,  of  1523-25 : 
E.  V.  UTTERSON. 

Lord  Berners's  translation  first  appeared  in  1523-25, 
printed  by  Pynson  in  two  folio  volumes.  A  perfect  copy 
of  this  edition  is  very  rarely  to  be  found  :  sold  at  the  Rox- 
burghe  sale,  7988,  for  £63.  The  latter  portion  of  the  se 
cond  volume  is  sometimes  "  made  up"  from  the  reprint  by 
Middleton,  sine  anno. 

"  He  who  has  the  reprint  of  1812,  4to,  two  vols.,  [by  E.  V.  Utter- 
son,]  may  rest  perfectly  satisfied  that  he  has  the  text  of  Lord  Ber- 
ners  as  correctly  given  as  in  the  first  edition  by  Pynson,  with  a 
great  number  of  proper  names,  in  places  and  persons  corrected 
into  the  bargain,  If,  however,  the  '  Young  Man'  sigh,  and  sigh 
deeply,  for  the  oak-bounden  impression  of  Pynson,  he  must  pur 
chase  it — but  with  caution  and  previous  collation." — DIBDIN. 

We  give  a  list  of  translations  by  Lord  Berners.  The 
reader  will  notice  the  variable  orthography  of  the  name 
and  title  of  the  knight ;  of  those  cited,  no  two  are  altoge 
ther  alike.  1.  The  Chronicles  of  Englande,  Fraunce, 
Spayne,  Portyngale,  Scotlande,  Bretayne,  Flaunders,  and 
other  Places  adionynge,  translated  out  of  French e  into  our 
maternall  Englysshe  Tonge,  by  Johan  Bourchier  Knight, 
Lorde  Berners.  London,  by  Richard  Pynson,  1523-25. 
Made,  as  we  have  stated  above,  by  command  of  Henry 
VIIL 

2.  The  Hystory  of  the  moost  noble  and  valyaunt  knyght 
Arthur  of  lytell  brytayne,  translated  out  of  frensshe  in  to 
englisshe  by  the  noble  Johan  bourgcher  Jcnyght  lorde  Ear 
ners,  newly  emprynted.     This  was  printed  by  Redborne. 

"  In  the  class  of  romances  of  chivalry  we  have  several  transla 
tions  in  the  black  letter;  such  are  the  Mort  d' Arthur,  Huon  of 
Bordeaux,  etc.  The  best  translations,  now  very  rare  and  high 
priced,  are  those  of  Lord  Berners,  the  admirable  translator  of  Frois 
sart,  in  the  reign  of  Henry  8;  and  not  the  least  of  his  merits  is 
now  the  genuine  antique  cast  of  his  style."— Curiosities  of  Litera 
ture. 

See  copious  notices  of  the  translation  of  Arthur  in  the 
British  Bibliographer,  iv.,  228,  and  in  Dibdin's  Ames,  iv., 
190.  There  was  a  new  edition  by  E.  V.  Utterson,  pub., 
Lon.,  1814,  4to;  with  a  series  of  plates  from  illuminated 
drawings. 

3.  The  Famous  Exploits  of  Huon  de  Bourdeaux,  trans, 
by  Sir  John  Bourchicr,  Lord  Bernent,  Lon.,  1601,  4to  ;  3d 
edit.     Done  at  the   desire  of  the  Earl  of  Huntingdon. 
Tanner,  p.  116. 

4.  The  golden  Boke  of  Marcus  Aurelius,  Emperour  and 
Oratour,  translated  out  of  Frenche  into  Englishe  by  John 
Bourchier,  Knyghte,  Lorde  Barners.     London  in  the  House 
of  Tho.  Berthelet,  (1534,)  16mo.     Thirteen  editions  be 
tween  1534  and  1587 !     Undertaken  at  the  desire  of  his 
nephew,  Sir  Francis  Bryan. 

5.  The  Castle  of  Loue,  translated  out  of  Spaynyshe  into 


Englyshe  by  John  Bowrchier  KnygTit  Lord  Bcrners.  Impr. 
by  me  Robert  Wyer,  8vo.  Dedicated  to  the  lady  of  Sir 
Nicholas  Carew,  at  whose  desire  he  translated  it  from  the 
Spanish. 

He  also  composed  a  book  entitled  Of  the  Duties  of  the 
Inhabitants  of  Calais,  and  a  Comedy  called  Ite  in  Vineam, 
which  was  usually  acted  in  the  great  Church  at  Calais 
after  vespers. 

"  Several  letters  by  Lord  Berners  occur  in  the  British  Museum 
COTTON.,  Calig.  D.  ix.,  Vesp.  C.  i.  and  F.  xiii.,  HAUL.,  295.  In  Ves 
pasian,  C.  i.,  147,  is  an  original  dispatch  from  lord  Berners  and 
John  Kite  to  king  Henry  the  Eighth,  giving  an  account  of  their 
interview  with  Charles,  king  of  Castile  and  Arragon.  This  is  very 
curious,  and  has  been  reprinted  in  Utterson's  edition  of  Froissart, 
preface  p.  12." — Note  in  Bliss's  Wood's  Athen.  Oxon. 

"  Lord  Berners.  .  .  .  was  instructed  in  several  sorts  of  learning 
in  this  university  in  the  latter  end  of  K.  Edw.  4 ;  in  whose  reign 
and  before,  were  the  sons  of  divers  of  the  English  nobility  edu 
cated  in  academical  literature  in  Baliol  Coll.,  wherein,  as  'tis  pro 
bable,  this  our  author  was  instructed  also.  After  he  had  left  the 
university,  he  travelled  into  divers  countries,  and  returned  a 
master  of  several  languages  and  a  compleat  gentleman.  But  that 
which  made  him  first  known  to  the  world,  was  his  valour  shew'd 
in  quelling  the  fury  of  the  rebels  in  Cornwall  and  Devon,  under 
the  conduct  of  Michael  Joseph,  a  blacksmith,  about  1495,  whereby 
he  greatly  gained  the  favour  of  K.  Henry." — Athen.  Oxon. 

"  Having  there  [at  Calais]  gotten  a  repose,  who  formerly  had 
been  a  far  traveller  and  great  linguist,  he  translated  many  books 
out  of  French,  Spanish,  and  Italian,  besides  some  of  his  own 
making.  [Bale  de  Scriptoribus  Britannicis  Cent,  vii.,  num  i.,  and 
Pits,  in  anno  1532.]  I  behold  his  as  the  second  (accounting  the 
lord  Tiptoft  the  first)  noble  hand,  which,  since  the  decay  of  learn 
ing,  took  a  pen  therein,  to  be  author  of  a  book." — Fuller's  Worthies. 

"But  I  have  shown  that  Lord  Berners  was  but  the  fifth  writer 
among  the  nobility,  in  order  of  time." — Walpole's  Royal  and  Noble 
Authors. 

In  this  work  is  a  long  extract  from  Lord  Berners's  epis 
tle  dedicatory  of  the  Castle  of  Love,  to  Lady  Carew.  We 
give  a  short  specimen,  which  is  curious  as  exhibiting  the 
orthography  of  the  day  : 

"  To  the  good  and  vertuous  lady ;  the  lady  Carewe,  gretynge. 

"  The  affecciant  desyre  and  obligation  that  I  am  bounde  in  to- 
wardes  you,  ryghte  vertuous  and  good  lady,  as  well  for  the  good 
ness  that  it  hath  pleased  you  to  shewe  me,  as  for  the  nyreness  of 
consanguinite,  hath  encoraged  me  to  accomplyshe  your  desyre, 
in  translating  this  present  booke.  And  though  my  so  doynge  can 
not  be  correspondent  any  thing  to  recompense  your  goodnes,  yet 
not  being  ignoraunt  of  your  goodwil  and  desyre,  the  which  in  this 
cause  I  take  for  the  hole  effecte ;  thinking  thereby  to  do  you  some 
smale  rememoracion,  and  also  bycause  the  matter  is  very  pleasant 
for  yonge  ladies  and  gentlewomen  :  therefore  I  have  enterpeysod 
to  reduce  the  same  from  Spanishe  into  the  Englyshe  tonge,  not 
adorned  with  so  freshe  eloquence  that  it  should  merite  to  be  pre 
sented  to  your  goodnes." 

Berners,  or  Barnes,  Juliana,  b.  about  1388,  is  be 
lieved  to  have  been  the  daughter  of  Sir  James  Berners,  a 
favourite  of  Richard  the  Second,  and  beheaded  in  1388  as 
an  evil  counsellor  to  the  king,  and  an  enemy  to  the  public. 
Juliana  was  celebrated  for  her  extreme  beauty  and  great 
learning.  She  was  prioress  of  Sopewell  Nunnery  near  St. 
Alban's,  where  she  varied  the  devotions  of  the  cloister 
with  the  sports  of  the  field.  Willing  to  impart  to  others 
a  knowledge  of  the  mysteries  which  aiforded  so  much  satis 
faction  to  herself,  she  wrote  treatises  on  Hawking,  Hunting, 
Fishing,  and  Heraldry. 

"  From  an  abbess  disposed  to  turn  author,  we  might  more  rea 
sonably  have  expected  a  manual  of  meditations  for  the  closet,  or 
select  rules  for  making  salves,  or  distilling  strong  waters.  But 
the  diversions  of  the  world  were  not  thought  inconsistent  with 
the  character  of  a  religious  lady  of  this  eminent  rank,  who  resem 
bled  an  abbot  in  respect  of  exercising  an  extensive  manorial  juris 
diction  ;  and  who  hawked  and  hunted  in  common  with  other  ladies 
of  distinction.  This  work  however  is  here  mentioned  because  the 
second  of  these  treatises  is  written  in  rhyme.  It  is  spoken  in  her 
own  porson;  in  which,  being  otherwise  a  woman  of  authority,  she 
assumes  the  title  of  Dame.  I  suspect  the  whole  to  be  a  translation 
from  the  French  and  Latin." —  Warton's  History  of  English  Poetry, 
vol.  ii. 

"  The  treatise  on  fishing  is  not  only  the  earliest,  but  by  far  the 
most  curious  essay  upon  angling  which  has  ever  appeared  in  the 
English,  or  porhaps  any  other,  language.  In  the  most  important 
features,  Walton  has  closely  followed  this  production.  In  piety 
and  virtue, — in  the  inculcation  of  morality, — in  an  ardent  love 
for  their  art,  and  still  more,  in  that  placid  and  Christian  spirit  for 
which  the  amiable  Walton  was  so  conspicuous,  the  early  writer 
was  scarcely  inferior  to  his  or  her  more  celebrated  successor." — • 
Lowndes's  Bibliographer's  Manual,  which  see  for  particulars  of 
early  editions. 

There  are  three  treatises  comprised  in  one  volume  with 
this  title :  The  Bokys  of  Hawking  and  Hunting,  and  also 
of  Cootarmuris,  at  St.  Alban's,  1486,  small  folio.  So  rare 
is  this  volume,  that  Dr.  Dibdin  estimates  a  perfect  copy 
(of  which  Earl  Spencer  and  the  Earl  of  Pembroke  each 
had  one)  to  be  worth  £420 ;  a  very  imperfect  copy  pro 
duced  £147  at  the  sale  of  the  Library  of  the  Duke  of  Rox- 
burghe;  resold  at  the  sale  of  the  White  Knight's  (Duke 
of  Marlborough's)  Library  for  £84.  The  third  book,  on 
Heraldic  Blazonry,  is  supposed  to  be  an  addendum  to  the 
two  preceding,  and  a  portion  of  a  work  by  Nicholas  Upton, 


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written  abont  1441.  Indeed  Mr.  TTasTewood  considers  that 
the  only  portions  of  the  book  which  can  safely  be  attri 
buted  to  Dame  Berners  are  :  1.  A  small  portion  of  the  Trea 
tise  on  Hawking.  2.  The  Treatise  upon  Hunting.  3.  A 
Short  List  of  the  Beasts  of  Chase;  and  Another  Short 
one  of  Beasts  and  Fowls.  We  have  no  space  for  a  list  of 
early  editions,  the  last  of  which  was  printed  in  1595  in  4to. 
Mr.  Haslewood's  edition  (Lon.,  1810,  folio)  is  an  exact 
reprint  of  that  by  Wynkyn  de  Worde,  1496.  150  copies 
were  printed.  In  the  Bibliographical  Introduction  (a  few 
copies  of  which  were  struck  off  separately)  will  be  found 
a  full  account  of  the  first  editions  of  this  curious  work. 
As  few  of  our  readers  are  likely  to  have  an  opportunity  of 
seeing  this  rare  book,  we  shall  give  them  a  specimen  of  the 
style  of  this  Di  Vernon  of  the  elder  time.  Speaking  of 
"fysshynge,"  she  affectionately  exhorts  the  prospective 
angler,  and  moralizes  on  this  wise : 

"  Ye  shall  not  use  this  forsayd  crafty  disporte  for  no  covetysenes, 
to  the  eucreasynge  and  sparynge  of  your  money  oonly ;  but  prin 
cipally  for  your  solace,  and  to  cause  the  helthe  of  your  body,  and 
specyally  of  your  soule:  for  whaune  ye  purpoos  to  goo  on  your 
dysportes  in  fysshynge,  ye  wooll  not  desyre  gretly  many  persons 
with  you,  whyche  lett  you  of  your  game.  And  thenne  ye  may 
serve  God  devoutly  in  saying  affectuously  your  custumable  prayer ; 
and,  thus  doynge,  ye  shall  eschewe  and  voyde  many  vices." 

In  order  that  the  angler  might  betake  him  or  herself 
quietly,  and  without  attracting  attention  and  company,  to 
their  "fysshynge  dysporte,"  she  gives  instructions  for  a 
walking  cane-rod,  which  should  give  no  indication  of  the 
anticipated  "  dysporte,"  and  the  bewitching,  though  it  must 
be  confessed  rather  sly,  Juliana  triumphantly  declares, 

"  And  thus  shall  ye  make  you  a  rodde  so  prevy,  that  ye  may 
walk  therwyth;  and  there  shall  noo  man  wyte  where  abowte  ye 
goo."  See  an  article  on  Angling  in  the  London  Quarterly  lie- 
view,  vol.  Ixvii. 

The  book  on  Armory  commences  with  the  following 
curious  piece  of  sacred  heraldry : 

"Of  the  offspring  of  the  gentilman  Jafeth,  come  Habraham, 
Moyses,  Aron,  and  the  profettys :  and  also  the  kyng  of  the  right 
lyiie  of  Mary,  of  whom  that  gentilman  Jhesus  was  borne,  very 
God  and  man :  after  his  manhoode  kynge  of  the  land  of  Jude  and 
of  Jues,  gentilman  by  his  modre  Mary,  prince  of  cote  armure,  &c." 

Berrey,  G.  J.     Legal  treatise,  Lon.,  1833,  12mo. 

Berrian,  William,  D.D.,  Rector  of  Trinity  Church, 
New  York  City.  1.  Travels  in  France  and  Italy  in  1817- 
18,  N.  York,  1820,  8vo.  2.  Devotions  for  the  Sick-Room, 
12mo.  3.  Enter  thy  Closet,  12mo.  4.  Family  and  Private 
Prayers,  12mo.  5.  On  the  Communion,  18mo.  6.  Sailors' 
Manual,  18mo.  7.  Hist.  Sketch  of  Trinity  Church,  N.  York, 
1847,8vo.  8.  Recollections  of  Departed  Friends,  1850, 12mo. 
Ed.,  with  Memoir,  Works  of  Bishop  Hobart,  1833,  3  vols.  8vo. 

Berridge,  John,  1716-1793,  entered  at  Clare  Hall, 
1794,  vicar  of  Bverton,  1755.  The  Christian  World  un 
masked;  pray  come  and  peep,  1773,  8vo;  1824,  8vo;  with 
Life,  Letters,  Farewell  Sermons,  and  Zion's  Songs. 

Berriman,  John,  1689-1768,  educated  at  St.  Ed 
mund's  Hall,  Oxford,  became  Rector  of  St.  Alban's,  Lon 
don,  1744.  The  Case  of  Naboth  considered,  &c.,  1721, 
8vo.  Eight  Sermons  at  Lady  Moyer's  Lecture,  1 741,  8vo. 
Entirely  of  the  critical  kind,  noting  above  100  Greek  MS. 
of  St.  Paul's  Epistles,  many  not  before  collated.  A  Criti 
cal  Dissertation  on  1  Tim.  iii.  16,  1741,  8vo. 

"  In  this  work  are  noticed  several  glaring  and  unpardonable  errors 

in  the  impressions  of  the  Bible  during  the  17th  century.    A  copy 

is  in  the  British  Museum,  with  the  author's  MS.  notes." — LOWNDES. 

See  Orme's  Bib.  Bibl.     He  edited  2  vols.  of  his  brother 

William's  sermons,  pub.,  1750. 

Berriman,  William,  D.D.,  1688-1750,  brother  to 
the  preceding, was  entered,  at  17,  of  Oriel  College,  Oxford. 
By  close  application  he  became  well  versed  in  the  Greek, 
Hebrew,  Chaldee,  Arabic,  and  Syriac  tongues.  The  Trini 
tarian  Controversy  elicited  his  first  publications.  A  Sea 
sonable  Review  of  Mr.  Whiston's  Account  of  Primitive 
Doxologies,  Lon.,  1719,  8vo.  A  Second  Review  of  the 
same,  1719,  8vo.  These  pieces  recommended  him  to  the 
notice  of  Dr.  Robinson,  Bishop  of  London,  who  in  1720 
appointed  him  his  domestic  chaplain,  and  in  1722  collated 
him  to  the  living  of  St.  Andrew-Undershaft.  In  1727  he 
became  a  Fellow  of  Eton  College.  An  Historical  Account 
of  the  Trinitarian  Controversy,  in  8  Sermons,  delivered 
at  Lady  Moyer's  Lecture,  in  1723-24;  pub.  1725,  8vo. 
In  Dr.  Conyers  Middleton's  Introductory  Discourse  to  the 
Inquiry  into  the  miraculous  powers  of  the  Christian  Church, 
and  in  the  Inquiry  also,  Dr.  Berriman  was  noticed  with 
much  severity.  In  1731  Berriman  pub.  by  way  of  rejoinder, 
A  Defence  of  some  passages  in  the  Historical  Account. 
In  1733  he  pub.  Brief  Remarks  on  Mr.  Chandler's  Intro 
duction  to  the  History  of  the  Inquisition,  which  was  fol 
lowed  by  a  Review  of  the  Remarks.  Both  of  these  were 
answered  by  Chandler.  The  Gradual  Revelation  of  the 
Gospel  from  the  time  of  Man's  Apostasy:  24  sermons 


preached  at  the  Lecture  founded  by  the  Hon.  Robert  Boyle. 
1730,  '31,  '32,  Lon.,  1733,  2  vols.  8vo.  He  pub.  a  number 
of  occasional  sermons,  Ac.  After  his  death  2  vols.,  40  ser 
mons,  were  pub.  by  his  brother,  and  in  1763  1  vol.,  19  ser 
mons,  appeared. 

Berrington.     See  BERINGTON. 

Berrow,  Capel.  •  Sermons,  1746.  A  Pre-existent 
Lapse  of  Human  Souls,  demonstrated  from  Reason,  shewn 
to  be  the  opinion  of  the  most  eminent  writers  of  antiquity, 
sacred  and  profane.  Proved  to  be  the  groundwork,  like 
wise,  of  the  Gospel  Dispensation ;  and  the  medium  through 
which  many  material  objects,  relative  thereto,  are  set  in  a 
clear,  rational,  and  consistent  light,  1762,  8vo. 

"  Altogether  undeserving  of  the  public  attention :  it  is  a  crude 
and  irregular  production,  neither  to  be  commended  for  its  matter 
nor  its  style.  The  allegations  from  Scripture  are  weak  and  uncriti 
cal;  the  arguments,  drawn  from  the  depravity  of  the  mind,  are 
declamatory  and  false,  and  several  of  the  authorities  are  misrepre 
sented,  and  at  best  nothing  to  the  purpose." — Lon.  Monthly  Review. 

Deism  not  consistent  with  the  Religion  of  Nature  and 
Reason,  1780,  4to. 

Berry,  Charles.  Sermons  on  the  Duty  of  National 
Thanksgiving,  1812. 

Berry,  Francis.    See  WHITCHEK. 

Berry,  Rev.  Henry,  was  connected  with  the  British 
Farmer's  Mag.  He  wrote  Improved  Short  Horns,  and 
their  pretensions  stated,  Lon.,  1830,  8vo. 

Berry,  Mary,  1762-1852.  Her  father,  sister  Agnes, 
and  herself  were  the  literary  executors  of  Sir  Horace  Wai- 
pole,  and  under  their  supervision  his  works  were  pub.  in 
5  vols.  4to.  The  writings  of  Miss  Berry,  entitled  England 
and  France,  <fcc.,  were  pub.  by  her  in  2  vols.  8vo,  Lon.,  1844. 
She  defended  Walpole  from  the  strictures  of  Lord  Mac- 
aulay  in  Edin.  Rev.  In  1840  she  ed.  and  pub.  for  the  first 
time  Sixty  Letters  from  Walpole  to  Herself  and  Sister. 

Berry,  Richard.     Sermon,  Dubl.,  1672,  foL 

Berry,  Robert.  Works  of  Horace  Walpole,  5  vols., 
1798,  r.  4to. 

Berry,  William,  Clerk  to  the  Register  of  the  College 
of  Arms.  An  Introduction  to  Heraldry,  Lon.,  1810,  8vo. 
History  of  the  Island  of  Guernsey,  from  the  remotest 
period  of  antiquity  to  the  year  1814;  with  Particulars  of 
the  neighbouring  Islands  of  Alderney,  Serk,  and  Jersey, 
1815,  4to.  Genealogica  Antiqua;  or  Mythological  and 
Classical  Tables,  Lon.,  1816,  fol.  Genealogia  Sacra,  or 
Scripture  Tables,  Lon.,  1819,  4to. 

"  Chiefly  confined  to  the  patriarchs  and  descendants  of  our  first 
parents,  with  references.  .  .  .  The  chronological  dates  are  taken 
from  Blair,  Usher,  and  others.  An  alphabetical  index  is  subjoined, 
which  facilitates  reference  to  this  unassuming  publication."  — 
T.  H.  HORNE. 

Encyclopedia  Heraldica,  or  Complete  Dictionary  of 
Heraldry ;  with  the  Supplement,  4  vols.  4to,  1828-40. 

"The  best  modern  dictionary  of  heraldry:  it  embraces  the 
greater  part  of  Edmondson  and  others." 

Pedigrees  of  Berks,  Bucks,  and  Surrey  Families,  1837, 
fol.,  £5  5s.  Do.  Essex  Families,  1841,  fol.,  £2  15s.  Do. 
Hampshire  Families,  1833,  fol.,  £6  6s.  Do.  Hertford 
shire  Families,  1844  and  '46,  fol.,  £3  10*.  Do.  Kent 
Families,  1830,  fol.,  £6  6s.  Do.  Sussex  Families,  1830, 
fol.,  £6  6s. 

Bert,  Ed.  Treatise  of  Hawkes  and  Hawking,  Lon., 
1619,  4to. 

Bertezen,  S.     Food  for  Silk-worms,  Lon.,  1789,  8vo. 

Bertie,  Willoughby,  Earl  of  Abingdon,  1740-1799. 
Thoughts  on  Mr.  Burke's  Letter  to  the  Sheriffs  of  Bristol, 
on  American  Affairs,  Oxf.,  1777,  8vo;  6th  ed.  enlarged, 
1780.  Letter  to  Lady  Loughborough,  (ascribed  to  him.) 
Many  editions,  1789.  Speech  on  the  Abolition  of  the  Slave 
Trade,  1793,»8vo. 

"One  of  the  most  steady  and  intrepid  assertors  of  liberty  in  this 
age."— Editor  of  Wttkes's  Speeches. 

Berton,  William,  flourished  about  1381,  a  divine, 
and  Chancellor  of  the  University  of  Oxford,  was  a  zealous 
opponent  of  Wickliffe.  1.  Determinationes  contra  Vicle- 
vum.  2.  Sententia  a  super  justa  ejus  Condemnatione. 
3.  Contra  ejus  Articulos.  Bale  and  Pits  give  very  dif 
ferent  opinions  of  his  character. 

Bertram,  Charles,  an  English  antiquary,  Professor 
of  the  English  language  in  the  Royal  Marine  Academy  of 
Copenhagen.  Ethics,  or  Select  Thoughts  from  several 
Authors,  the  words  accented  to  render  the  English  pro 
nunciation  easy  to  foreigners.  Britannicarum  Gentium 
Historiae  Antiquse  Scriptures  tres, — Ricardus  Corinensis 
—  Gildas  Badonicus  —  Nennius  Banchorensis  —  recensuit 
Notisque  et  Indice  auxit  Car.  Bertramus,  Haun.  1757,  8vo. 
Stukeley,  to  whom  Bertram  communicated  a  copy  of  the 
MS.,  pub.  an  edit,  of  the  first  treatise  in  the  above  work 
in  London.  Its  authenticity  has  been  much  doubted. 

1*1 


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BET 


Berwick,  Marshal,  Duke  of,  1670-1734,  illegiti 
mate  son  of  James  II.  (when  Duke  of  York)  and  Arabella 
Churchill.  Memoirs,  written  by  himself,  with  a  continua 
tion,  pub.  by  the  Duke  of  Fitz-James,  trans,  from  the 
French,  (Paris,  1778,  2  vols.  13mo,)  Lon.,  1779,  2  vols.  8vo. 
Berwick,  Edward.  Theolog.  and  Biographical 
Works,  Lon.,  1809,  '11,  '13,  '15,  'IT. 

Berwick,  John,  D.D.  Deceivers  Deceived,  Serm., 
1661,  4to. 

Bery,  John.  Sermon,  Lon.,  1617,  4to. 
Besodun,  or  Beston,  John,  Prior  of  the  monastery 
of  Carmelite  Friars  at  Lynn,  in  Norfolk,  graduated  at 
Cambridge  and  Paris.  1.  Super  Universalia  Holcothi. 
2.  Compendium  Theologies.  3.  Determinationum  Liber. 
4.  Sacrarum  Concionum  Liber.  5.  Sermones  in  Evangelia. 
6.  Sermones  in  Epistolas.  7.  Lecturae  Sacrae  Scripturae. 
8.  Rudimenta  Logices.  9.  De  Virtutibus  et  Vitiis  oppo- 
sitis.  10.  Epistolarum  Libri  Duo.  11.  De  Trinitate :  and 
another  set  of  Sermons. — Bale;  Pita;  Tanner ;  Leland; 
Hose's  Biog.  Diet. 

"  He  was  extremely  well  versed  in  natural  philosophy,  and  a 
considerable  divine."— LELAND. 

"  He  was  a  very  fluent  and  elegant  preacher  in  his  own  language, 
and  an  acute  disputant  in  the  schools."— BALE. 

"  He  used  in  his  sermons  to  open  and  explain  the  fourfold  sense 
of  the  Scriptures  with  the  utmost  perspicuity."— ALAN  DE  LYNN. 

"  He  had  a  very  happy  genius  and  a  solid  judgment,  and  was 
eminent  for  his  piety  and  knowledge  both  in  divine  and  human 
learning ;  he  was  highly  applauded  for  his  subtility  in  disputing, 
and  his  eloquence  in  the  pulpit." — PITS. 
Besombe,  Robert.  Sermon,  1634,  8vo. 
Besse,  Joseph.  Collection  of  the  Sufferings  of  the 
People  called  Quakers,  for  the  Testimony  of  a  good  Con 
science,  Lon.,  1753,  2  vols.  fol.  The  1st  vol.  contains  the 
persecutions  in  the  English  Counties,  alphabetically  ar 
ranged  ;  the  2d  includes  N.  America,  &c.,  the  West  Indies, 
<fcc.  Nearly  half  this  work  relates  to  America ;  there  is  an 
index  of  100  pages  of  the  names  alone  mentioned  in  the 
work,  very  valuable  for  genealogical  inquirers,  Ac. 

Best,  George.  A  true  Discovrse  of  the  late  Voyages 
of  Discouerie,  for  the  finding  of  a  passage  to  Cathaya,  by 
the  North-weast,  vnder  the  conduct  of  Martin  Frobisher, 
Generall;  deuided  into  three  bookes,  Lon.,  1578,  4to. 
Jadis's  Sale,  No.  270,  £8  10«. 

Best,   Henry.     The    Christian    Religion    defended 
against   the   Philosophers   and   Republicans    of    France, 
Lon.,  1793,  8vo.     Sermon   on  John  xx.  23,   1793,  8vo. 
"  The  preacher  seems  earnestly  desirous  of  restoring  to  the  priest 
hood  the  power  of  the  keys." 

Best,  Matilda.    An  Original  Poem,  1789,  4to. 
Best,  Hon.  and  Rev.  Samuel.    Theolog.  Works, 
Lon.,  1836-52. 

Best,  Mrs.  T.  On  the  Prophecy  of  Hosea,  Lon., 
1831,  12mo.  Tracts  on  Old  and  New  Testament,  6  vols. 

Best,  Thos.  Treatise  on  Angling,  <fcc.,  Lon.,  1787, 
12mo. 

Best,  Thomas.  Vindication  of  the  Dissenters,  Lon., 
1795,  8vo. 

Best,  W.  M.  Evidence  and  Practice,  1849,  8vo.  A 
Treatise  on  Presumption  of  Law  and  Fact ;  with  the  Theory 
and  Rules  of  Presumptive  or  Circumstantial  Proof  in  Cri 
minal  Cases,  Lon.,  1844,  8vo. 

"  The  author  has  executed  a  concise  and  well-digested  treatise 
upon  a  branch  of  the  law  of  evidence  which  hitherto  had  been 
treated  in  a  loose  and  inartificial  manner.  He  has  availed  him 
self  of  the  learning  of  the  Continental  jurists  upon  Presumption, 
and  his  work  throughout  displays  a  thorough  acquaintance  with 
the  whole  learning  applicable  to  the  subject." 

Exposition  of  the  Practice  relative  to  the  right  to  Begin 
and  right  to  Reply,  in  trials  by  Jury,  and  in  appeals,  at 
Quarter  Sessions,  Lon.,  1837,  8vo. 

"  This  treatise  contains  a  very  ingenious  inquiry  into  the  prin 
ciples  which  should  govern  the  determination  of  the  question ; 
and  the  deductions  of  the  author  are  given  in  clear  language, 
fully  supported  by  the  authorities  advanced  in  favour  of  them. 
The  more  abstruse  part  of  the  work,  treating  of  the  doctrine  of 
Presumption,  is  principally  drawn  from  the  treatises  on  evidence 
by  Mr.  Phillips  and  Mr.  Starkie;  but  the  author  has  made  good 
•use  of  the  materials  thus  obtained." 

Best,  William.     Sermons,  1734,  '42,  '46. 
Beste,  J.  R.      1.  The  Wabash,  2  vols.  p.  8vo,  Lon., 
1855.     2.  Modern  Society  in  Rome. 

Betagh,  William.  Voyage  round  the  World,  begun 
in  the  year  1719,  Lon.,  1728,  8vo.  This  will  be  found  also 
in  vol.  1st  of  Harris's  Collection  of  Voyages  and  Travels, 
and  the  14th  vol.  of  Pinkerton's  Collection  includes  the 
Account  of  Peru. 

Betham,  John,  D.D.,  d.  1701,  a  Roman  Catholic  di 
vine,  chaplain  and  preacher  to  James  II.     Annunciation  ; 
a  Sermon  on  Luke  i.  31,  1686,  4to.     Catholick  Sermons, 
2  vols.  8vo. 
182 


Betham,  Miss  Matilda.  Elegies,  &c.,  Lon.,  1798, 
12mo.  A  Biographical  Dictionary  of  the  celebrated  Wo 
men  of  every  Age  and  Country,  Lon.,  1804,  8vo. 

"  By  the  aid  of  Le  Dictionnaire  des  Femrnes  Celebres,  and  the 
communications  of  several  friends,  Miss  B.  has  furnished  a  volume 
which,  we  doubt  not,  will  be  received  with  candour,  and  a  due  de 
gree  of  approbation." 

Poems,  1808,  8vo.     Lay  of  Marie;  a  Poem,  1816,  8vo. 

Betham,  Philip.  Trans,  the  Earl  of  Purtilias's  Pre 
cepts  of  War,  Lon.,  1544,  8vo. 

Betham,  Robert.  National  Vices  the  bane  of  So 
ciety  ;  Fast  Sermon  on  Rev.  ii.  5,  1744,  4to. 

Betham,  Rev.  William.  Genealogical  Tables  of 
the  Sovereigns  of  the  World,  from  the  earliest  to  the  pre 
sent  period,  Lon.,  1795,  fol. 

"  A  useful  work,  but  much  less  valuable  than  Anderson's  elabo 
rate  compilation,  containing  715  Genealogical  Tables,  with  an  In 
dex,  pp.  5." — LOWNDES. 

The  Baronetage  of  England,  or  the  History  of  the  Eng 
lish  Baronets,  and  such  Baronets  of  Scotland  as  are  of 
English  Families,  with  Genealogical  Tables,  and  Engrav 
ings  of  their  Armorial  bearings.  Ipswich  and  Lcn.,  5  vols., 
1801-05,  4to. 

"  A  very  incorrect  and  imperfect  work." 

Betham,  Sir  William,  1779-1853,  Ulster  King-of- 
Arms,  <fcc.,  son  of  the  preceding.  1.  Irish  Antiquarian 
Researches,  Dubl.,  1826-27,  2  vols.  8vo,  and  Appendix. 

"In  his  observations  on  the  history  of  the  Geraldines,  Sir  Wil 
liam  notices  some  very  odd  blunders  of  preceding  writers,  who  fol 
lowed  legends  rather  than  evidence  in  their  compilations  of  the 
histories  of  the  ancient  families  of  Ireland,  by  which  they  were 
made  nearly  altogether  unintelligible.  In  looking  over  Lodge's 
Peerage  and  other  Irish  writers,  and  indeed  Irish  history  gene 
rally,  we  have  felt  the  justice  of  this  remark :  it  is  a  sad  jumble  of 
contradictions." — Lon.  Literary  Gazette. 

2.  Dignities,  Feudal  and  Parliamentary,  1830,  vol.  L, 
8vo:  all  pub.  3.  Origin  and  Hist,  of  the  Constit.  of  England, 
1830,  8vo.  Commended  by  Prof.  J.  J.  Park.  4.  The  Gael 
and  the  Cymbri,  1834,  8vo.  5.  Etruria  Celtica  :  Etruscan 
Lit.  and  Antiqs.  Investigated,  1842,  2  vols.  8vo.  For  an 
account  of  the  learned  labours  of  this  industrious  anti 
quary,  see  Lon.  Gent.  Mag.,  Dec.  1853,  632. 

Bethel,  Slingsby.     Political,  Ac.  treatises,  1681-97. 

Bethell,  Christopher,  D.  D.,  Bishop  of  Bangor. 
Charges,  1816,  Ac.  An  Apology  for  the  Ministers  of  the 
Church  of  England  who  hold  the  doctrine  of  Baptismal 
Regeneration,  in  a  Letter  to  the  Rev.  George  Stanley 
Faber,  B.D.,  1816.  A  General  View  of  the  Doctrine  of 
Regeneration  in  Baptism,  Lon.,  1822,  2d  edit.,  with  a  pre 
face  against  objections,  1836,  4th  edit,  revised,  with  an 
Appendix,  containing  Remarks  on  Faber  on  Regenera 
tion,  1845  ;  5th  edit.,  1850,  8vo. 

Bethell,  Samuel.    Visitation  Sermon,  1811,  Svo. 

Bethum,  John.  1.  Short  View.  2.  Essays,  1770-1. 
Bethune,  Alexander,  1804-1843,  a  native  of  Fife- 
shire,  Scotland,  was  the  son  of  a  farm-labourer.  His  bro 
ther  John,  1812-1839,  was  a  native  of  "  The  Mount,"  once 
the  home  of  Sir  David  Lindsay.  By  the  kindness  of  those 
liberal  patrons  of  literature — who  have  done  so  much  for 
the  improvement  of  the  public  mind — William  and  Robert 
Chambers  of  Edinburgh,  Alexander  Bethune  made  his 
appearance  as  an  author  in  1835,  by  the  publication  of 
two  stories  illustrative  of  Scottish  Rural  Life :  (see  Cham- 
bers's  Journal,  1835.)  In  1838  appeared  Tales  and  Sketches 
of  the  Scottish  Peasantry ;  a  small  portion  of  this  volume 
was  written  by  John  Bethune,  (see  post.)  It  produced 
about  £20.  Practical  Economy  Explained  and  Enforced, 
in  a  Series  of  Lectures,  by  the  brothers  Alexander  and 
John,  was  pub.  in  1809.  In  this  year  John  died.  The 
Scottish  Peasant's  Fireside,  a  Series  of  Tales  and  Sketches 
illustrating  the  Character  of  the  Peasantry  of  Scotland, 
made  its  appearance  in  1843.  In  1841  some  Poems  left 
by  John  were  pub.  with  a  sketch  of  the  author's  life  by 
his  brother.  Alexander  followed  his  brother  to  the  grave 
in  1843.  William  Crombie,  author  of  Hours  of  Thought, 
Ac.,  pub.  in  1845  Memoirs  of  Alexander  Bethune,  cm- 
bracing  Selections  from  his  Correspondence  and  Literary 
Remains. 

"  The  quantity  of  verse  and  prose  which  he  [John  Bethune] 
produced,  under  the  circumstances,  was  truly  astonishing.  1 
printed  in  full,  they  would  occupy  several  volumes.  As  far  as  we 
can  judge  from  the  specimens  in  the  books  which  are  before  us, 
the  language  was  always  correct,  the  lines  smooth  and  flowing. 
and  the  rhymes  good:  but  of  course  he  had  little  range  of  thought 
or  copiousness  of  diction,  and  further  cultivation  of  mind  would 
probably  have  induced  him  to  abandon  poetry  for  prose."— (From 
an  interesting  article,  to  which  we  are  indebted  for  the  above  par 
ticulars,  by  Francis  Bowen,  in  N.  Amer.  liev.,  vol.  Ixvii.,  1848.) 

"  The  perusal  of  this  book  [Tales  and  Sketches  of  the  Scottish 
Peasantry,  by  Alexander  Bethune]  has  affected  us  more  than  any 
thing  we  have  read  for  many  years  past,  and  has  revived  in  our 
bosom  recollections  of  youth  and  rural  manners,  which,  though 


BET 

they  may  be  dormant  for  a  time,  amid  the  engrossing  cares  of  the 
world,  can  never  be  obliterated,  and  can  never  die.  .  .  .  All  is  na 
ture,  all  is  real,  because  the  author,  instead  of  drawing  out  his 
imagination,  has  written  nothing  but  what  he  himself  has  seen  or 
known." — Edinburgh  Ohronicle. 

Bethune,  George  W.,  D.D.,  b.  1S05,  a  minister  of 
the  Dutch  Reformed  Church,  is  well  known  as  an  accom 
plished  scholar  and  eloquent  pulpit  orator.  Dr.  Bethune 
is  a  native  of  the  city  of  New  York.  He  has  been  sta 
tioned  successively  at  Rhinebeck,  Utica,  Philadelphia,  and 
Brooklyn,  in  which  latter  city  he  now  (1858)  resides.  Dr. 
Bethune  has  been  offered  and  has  declined  the  chaplaincy 
of  the  United  States  Military  Academy  at  West  Point,  the 
Chancellorship  of  the  New  York  University,  and  the  Pro 
fessorship  of  Ecclesiastical  History  and  Church  Government 
in  the  Theological  Seminary  of  the  Reformed  Dutch  Church. 
He  is  author  and  editor  of  a  number  of  volumes :  A  Word  to 
the  Afflicted;  British  Female  Poets;  Lays  of  Love  and 
Faith;  Fruit  of  the  Spirit;  History  of  a  Penitent;  Sermons; 
Orations  and  Occasional  Discourses,  etc.  His  edition  of 
Walton's  Complete  Angler,  with  an  exceedingly  valuable 
bibliographical  preface,  <fec.,  has  been  highly  commended. 
This  work  was  compiled  in  the  chance  moments  of  relief 
from  graver  studies.  "  I  lost  no  time  by  it,"  the  editor 
remarked  to  the  present  writer,  "  for  it  was  the  occupation 
of  moments  when  others  would  have  been  looking  out  of 
the  windows." 

"  The  American  portion  of  the  work,"  [The  Complete  Angler,] 
remarks  a  critic,  "  so  rich  in  rare  scholarship,  indicates  both  the 
research  and  the  sentiment  desirable  in  a  true  brother  of  the  angle. 
There  is  always  a  dash  of  poetry  in  such  men — displaying  itself 
in  a  love  of  nature  or  a  vein  of  sentiment.  The  latter  predomi 
nates  in  Dr.  Bethune." 

Lays  of  Love  and  Faith ;  with  other  Poems. 
"  The  songs  in  this  volume  are  particularly  melodious  and  ten 
der,  and  there  is  a  relish  of  mingled  scholarship  and  fun  in  some 
of  the  epigrams,  most  rare  in  these  days.    The  Poems  are  intro 
duced  to  the  reader  in  a  sonnet  which  so  happily  characterizes  their 
most  characteristic  qualities,  that  we  quote  it  as  more  to  the  point 
than  any  further  remarks  of  our  own : 
"  As  one  arranges  in  a  simple  vase 

A  little  store  of  unpretending  flowers, 

So  gathered  I  some  records  of  past  hours, 

And  trust  them,  gentle  reader,  to  thy  grace ; 

Nor  hope  that  in  my  pages  thou  wilt  trace 

The  brilliant  proof  of  high  poetic  powers ; 

But  dear  memorials  of  my  happy  days, 

When  heaven  shed  blessings  on  my  heart  like  showers; 

Clothing  with  beauty  even  the  desert  place ; 

Till  I,  with  thankful  gladness  in  my  looks, 

Turned  me  to  God,  sweet  nature,  loving  friends, 

Christ's  little  children,  well-worn  ancient  books, 

The  charm  of  art,  the  rapture  music  sends ; 

And  sang  away  the  grief  that  on  man's  lot  attends." 

New  York  Literary  World. 

A  large  number  of  Dr.  Bethune's  Sermons  and  Addresses 
have  been  printed:  among  them  are  his  annual  discourses 
before  The  Foreign  Evangelical  Society,  The  American 
Sunday-School  Union,  The  A.  B.  C.  Foreign  Missions,  &c. 
He  has  delivered  Phi  Beta  Kappa  Orations  at  Dartmouth, 
Harvard,  and  Brown  Universities,  and  Orations  at  Yale 
and  other  Colleges. 

Bethune,  John.    Allan  of  Olway,  1815,  Svo. 

Bethune,  John.     See  BET-HONE,  ALEXANDER. 
^  Betterton,  Thomas,  1635-1710,  a  celebrated  Eng 
lish  actor,  wrote  several  dramatic  pieces,  and  altered  a 
number  for  the  stage.     The  Biog.  Dramatica  gives  the  fol 
lowing  list: 

"  1.  The  Roman  Virgin ;  or  Unjust  Judge,  T.,  4to,  1679.  2  The 
Revenge ;  or  a  Match  in  Newgate.  C.,  4to,  1680.  3.  The  Prophetess ; 
or  the  History  of  Dioclesian,  Altered,  0.,  With  a  Masque,  4to.  1G90. 
m  n  mf  y  the  Fourth>  with  Th«  Humours  of  Sir  John  Falstaff, 

JL.L.,4to  1,00.  5.  The  Amorous  Widow;  or,  The  Wanton  Wife, 
C.,  4to,  1700.  6.  Sequel  of  Henry  the  Fourth,  Svo,  N.  D.,  [17191 
£.  Ihe  Bondman;  or,  Love  and  Liberty,  T.  C.,  Svo,  1719.  8  The 
Woman  made  a  Justice,  Com.,  N.  P. 

"  Of  these  we  have  not  much  more  to  say,  than  that,  those  which 
are  properly  his  own  are  not  devoid  of  merit,  and  those  which  he 
has  only  altered  have  received  an  advantage  from  his  amendment." 

Among  other  eloquent  eulogies  upon  Mr.  Betterton  we 
may  refer  to  those  of  Colley  Cibber,  Anthony  Aston,  and 
Addison. 

"  Such  an  actor  as  Mr.  Betterton  ought  to  be  recorded  with  the 
same  respect  as  Roscius  among  the  Romans.  ...  I  have  hardlv  a 
notion  that  any  performance  of  antiquity  could  surpass  the  action 
of  Mr.  Betterton  in  any  of  the  occasions'in  which  he  has  appeared 
on  our  stage."— ADDISON:  Taller.  No.  167. 

Betterton  was  an  actor,  as  Shakspeare  was  an  author,  both 
nthout  competitors,  formed  for  the  mutual  assistance  and  illus 
tration  of  ,,,,-h  other's  genius."— COLLEY  CIBBER. 

Bettesworth,  Charles.     Sermon,  1712,  Svo. 

tesworth,  John.     Educational  works,  1778-87 
163^  Historie  of  Titania  and  Thesevs,  Lon., 

"This  has  all  the  guise  and  manner  in  title,  composition,  and 
to  have  appeared  near  half  a  century  earlier." 


BEV 

See  the  account  of  this  curious  volume  in  the  British 
Bibliographer,  ii.  436-437. 

Betton,  T.  R.,  M.D.  Trans.  Regnault's  Chemistry, 
Phila.,  1852,  2  vols.  Svo. 

Betts,  John,  M.D.,  Physician-in-Ordinary  to  Charles 
II.  De  Ortu  et  Natura  Sanguinis,  Lon.,  1669,  8vo.  To 
which  was  afterwards  added  Medicinal  cum  Philosopbia 
Naturali  consensus,  Lon.,  1692,  Svo. 

"After  the  first  edit,  of  this  book  came  out,  it  was  reflected 
upon  by  George  Thompson,  M.D.,  in  his  book  entit.  The  True  Way 
of  Preserving  the  Blood  in  its  Integrity,  &c.,  [Lon.,  1670,  8vo.]  Dr. 
Betts  also  pub.  Anatomia  Thomae  Parri,  &c.,  —  which  book  was 
drawn  up  by  Dr.  William  Harvey."  —  WOOD. 

Betts,  Joseph.    Comets'  Motions  ;  Phil.  Trans.,  1744. 

Betts,  Robert.  Body  of  Divinity,  drawn  into  a  Table, 
1636,  4to. 

Betts,  S.  R.  Admiralty  Prac.  in  the  Cts.  of  the  U.S. 
for  the  Southern  District  of  New  York,  N.Y.,  1838,  Svo. 

Betty,  Jos.  The  Divine  Institution  of  the  Ministry, 
and  the  Absolute  Necessity  of  Church  Govt.,  1729,  Svo. 

Beulanius,  a  British  divine  and  historian  of  the  7th 
century,  was  the  instructor  of  the  celebrated  Nennius,  after 
wards  abbot  of  the  monastery  of  Bangor.  Beulanius  is  said 
to  have  written  a  work  entitled  De  Genealogiis  Gentium. 

Beulanius,  Samuel,  sou  of  the  preceding,  was  born 
in  Northumberland  and  educated  in  the  Isle  of  Wight. 

"  He  was  a  man  of  a  very  humane  and  mild  disposition,  a  good 
historian,  and  well  skilled  in  geometry.  He  gave  an  accurate 
description  of  the  Isle  of  Wight  from  his  own  observations,  as  well 
as  from  the  accounts  of  Ptolemy  and  Pliny." 

He  also  wrote  Annotations  upon  Nennius,  a  History  of 
the  actions  of  King  Arthur  in  Scotland,  and  an  Historical 
Itinerary.  Leland  is  of  opinion  that  he  was  a  monk. 

Bevan,  Henry.  Thirty  Years'  Residence  in  India. 
Lon.,  1839,  2  vols.  p.  Svo. 

Bevan,  Joseph  Gurney,  a  writer  of  considerable 
note,  a  member  of  the  Society  of  Friends. 

A  Refutation  of  some  of  the  most  modern  Misrepresen 
tations  of  the  Society  of  Friends,  commonly  called  Qua 
kers,  with  a  Life  of  James  Nayler,  &c.,  Lon.,  1800,  Svo. 

"  Bevan  is  the  ablest  of  the  Quaker  apologists.  He  writes  with  good 
sense,  good  temper,  and  good  feeling,  and  has  for  the  most  part  di 
vested  himself  of  that  vague  and  unsatisfactory  mysticism  in  which 
the  Quaker  advocates  have  embedded  themselves."—  LOWNDES. 

A  Short  Account  of  the  Life  and  Writings  of  Robert 
Barclay,  Lon.,  1802,  12mo.  Memoirs  of  the  Life  of  Isaac 
Penington  ;  to  which  is  added,  a  Review  of  his  writings, 
Lon.,  1807,  Svo.  The  Life  of  the  Apostle  Paul,  as  related 
in  the  Scriptures,  <fec.,  with  select  Notes,  critical,  explana 
tory,  and  relating  to  Persons  and  Places,  and  a  Map  of  the 
Countries  in  which  the  Apostle  travelled,  Lon.,  1807,  Svo. 

"  The  narrative  of  St.  Paul's  life  is  studiously  related  in  the  very 
words  of  Scripture,  having  only  such  additional  matter  as  is  ne 
cessary  to  introduce  or  connect  the  several  parts.  Attention,  how 
ever,  has  been  paid  to  the  task  of  selecting,  from  different  parts  of 
the  New  Testament,  such  passages  as  belong  to  the  regular  chain 
of  the  history.  The  notes  are  principally  selected  from  the  best 
critics  and  commentators,  and  those  which  are  geographical  are 
the  most  conspicuous,  and  stamp  a  real  value  on  the  work  ;  which, 
though  designed  for  young  persons  of  his  own  religious  communion, 
(The  Society  of  Friends,)  may  be  studied  with  advantage  by  those 
of  every  other  class  of  Christians,  especially  such  as  have  not  many 
commentators  within  their  reach,  '  without  danger  of  finding  any 
thing  introduced  which  can  give  the  smallest  bias  towards  any 
principle  that  is  not  really  and  truly  Christian.'"—  Home's  Intro 
duction  ;  British  Critic,  O.  S.  vol.  xxxiii. 

•'  This  work  does  credit  to  the  talents  and  piety  of  the  writer; 
and  is  interesting  as  affording  some  explanation  of  the  theological 
sentiments  of  the  Quakers."—  Orwie's  Bib.  Bibl. 

A  Reply  to  so  much  of  the  Sermon  of  H.  P.  Dodd  as  re 
lates  to  the  scruple  of  the  Quakers  against  all  Swearing, 
Lon.,  1806,  Svo.  Thoughts  on  Reason  and  Revelation, 
particularly  the  Revelation  of  the  Scriptures,  Lon.,1810,8vo. 

Bevan,  Richard.  Imprisonment  for  Debt,  Lon  ' 
1781,  Svo. 

Bevan,  Sylvanus.     Con.  to  Phil.  Trans.,  &c.,  1743. 

Bevan,  Thomas.  Lord's  Prayer  Expounded,  Lon., 
1673,  8vo« 

Bevans,  John.  A  Defence  of  the  Christian  Doctrines 
of  the  Society  of  Friends  against  the  charge  of  Socini- 
anism,  <fcc.;  to  which  is  prefixed  a  Letter  to  J.  Evans,  Lon., 
1805,  Svo. 

defence  of  the  Society  of  Friends."— 


A  Brief  View  of  the  Doctrines  of  the  Christian  Religion 
as  professed  by  the  Society  of  Friends,  Lon.,  1811,  12mo. 
A  V  indication  of  the  Authenticity  of  the  Narratives  con 
tained  in  the  first  Two  Chapters  of  the  Gospel  of  St. 
Matthew  and  St.  Luke,  Ac.  By  a  Layman,  Lon.,  1822, 
Svo. 

"In  this  very  elaborate  work  the  authenticity  of  Matt.  1.  and  ii. 
and  Luke  i.  and  ii.  are  most  satisfactorily  vindicated  from  the  ob 
jections  of  the  Editors  of  the  Unitarian  Version  of  the  New  Testa- 


BEV 

ment;  whose  disingenuous  alterations  in  successive  editions  of  that 
work  are  exposed  in  the  Appendix." — Hume's  Intrnduction. 

Sever,  Thomas,  LL.D.,  1725-1781,  Fellow  of  All  j 
Souls'  College,  Oxford,  April  5, 1758,  delivered  lectures  on  j 
Civil  Law.     In  1766  he  pub.  the  introduction  to  the  course  | 
under  the  title  of  A  Discourse  on  the  Study  of  Jurispru-  j 
deuce  and  the  Civil  Law,  Lon.,  4to.     The  History  of  the 
Legal  Polity  of  the  Roman  State ;  and  of  the  Rise,  Pro 
gress,  and  Extent  of  the  Roman  Laws,  Lon.,  1781,  4to. 

"  In  this  work  he  has  made  deep  researches  into  the  constitution 
of  the  Roman  State,  and  displays  an  extensive  fund  of  learning, 
connected  with  the  investigation  of  the  Civil  Law  " 

"  He  was  a  better  scholar  than  writer,  and  a  better  writer  than 
pleader." — DR.  COOTE. 

"  Bever's  Legal  Polity  is  a  copious,  and,  we  fear,  a  somewhat 
tedious,  work,  which,  however,  is  not  destitute  of  merit.  It  was 
translated  into  the  German  language  by  Volkel,  who  has  corrected 
many  of  his  errors,  for  the  author  left  many  errors  to  correct. 
Bever  writes  like  a  scholar  and  a  man  of  ability,  but  he  laboured 
tinder  the  disadvantage  of  being,  in  a  great  measure,  unacquainted  ! 
with  the  best  civilians  of  the  continent,  more  especially  those  of 
recent  date."— DR.  IRVING. 

"  He  has.  with  great  perspicuity,  traced  the  progress  of  the  civil 
law  through  a  series  of  near  two  thousand  years.  He  intended, 
in  another  volume,  to  have  continued  his  history  to  a  later  period, 
which  never  was  carried  into  execution." — Marvin's  Legal  Bill. 

Beveridge,  John,  a  native  of  Scotland,  was  in  1758 
appointed  Professor  of  Languages  in  the  College  and 
Academy  of  Philadelphia.  He  pub.  in  1715  a  vol.  of  Latin 
poems,  entitled  Epistolae  familiares  et  alia  qusedam  mis- 
cellaneae. 

"  In  an  address  to  John  Penn  he  suggests  that  a  conveyance  to 
him  of  some  few  acres  of  good  land  would  be  a  proper  return  for 
the  poetic  mention  of  the  Penn  family.  The  Latin  hint  was  lost 
upon  the  Englishman.  The  unrewarded  poet  continued  to  ply 
the  birch  in  the  vain  attempt  to  govern  70  or  80  ungovernable 

Beveridge,  Thomas.  A  Practical  Treatise  on  the 
Forms  of  Process ;  containing  the  new  regulations  before 
the  Court  of  Sessions,  inner  House,  outer  House,  and  Bill 
Chamber,  the  Court  of  Teinds  and  the  Jury  Court,  Edin., 
2  vols.  8vo,  1826. 

"  Mr.  Beveridge's  Treatise  on  the  Forms  of  Judicial  Proceedings 
in  Scotland,  is  the  best  manual  of  practice  to  which  the  lawyer, 
practitioner,  or  student,  can  refer;  and,  indeed,  it  has  superseded 
every  other  publication  in  regard  to  our  judicial  procedure." — 
1  Edin.  L.  C.  cxxxiii. 

Beveridge,  William,  D.D.,  1636-'37-170S,  was  a 
native  of  Barrow,  in  Leicestershire,  of  which  parish  his 
grandfather  and  brother  were  successively  vicars.  In 
1653  he  was  admitted  a  sizar  of  St.  John's  College,  Cam 
bridge.  He  applied  himself  with  so  much  assiduity  to  the 
study  of  the  oriental  tongues,  that  at  the  age  of  18,  he  com 
posed  (published  when  he  was  20)  a  treatise  on  their  great 
utility,  entitled  De  Linguarum  Orientalium,  praesertim 
Hebraicae,  Chaldaicae,  Syriacae,  Arabicae,  et  Samaritanae, 
Prsestantia  et  Usu,  cum  Grammatica  Syriaca,  tribus  Libris 
tradita  per  G.  Beveridgium,  Lon.,  1658,  8vo.  This  trea 
tise  was  compiled  for  the  use  of  those  who  desired  to  study 
Walton's  Polyglot.  A  2d  edit,  of  the  treatise,  and  also 
of  the  Syriac  Grammar,  was  pub.  in  1654.  In  1660-61  he 
received  holy  orders,  and  shortly  afterwards  was  collated 
by  Bishop  Sheldon  to  the  vicarage  of  Baling,  in  Middle 
sex.  In  this  parish  he  remained  for  nearly  12  years.  In 
1669  he  pub.  his  Institutionem  Chronologicarum  Libris  duo 
nna  cum  totidem  Arithraetices  Chronologicae  Libellis,  4to. 
"  Professedly  no  more  than  a  manual  of  the  science  of  which  it 
treats,  but  extremely  useful  to  those  who  wish  to  understand  its 
technical  part,  being  clear  of  those  obscurities  by  which  Scaliger 
and  Petau  had  embarrassed  it." 

In  1672  he  pub.  his  principal  work, — Synodicon,  sive 
Pandectae  Canonum  S.  S.  Apostolorum  et  Conciliorum  ab 
Ecclesia  Graeca  receptorum,  Ac.  This  collection  of  the 
Apostolic  Canons,  and  of  the  Decrees  of  the  Councils  re 
ceived  by  the  Greek  Church,  together  with  the  Canonical 
Epistles  of  the  Fathers,  was  pub.  at  Oxford  in  2  large 
folio  volumes. 

"  A  book  to  be  referred  to  on  matters  relative  to  the  doctrines 
and  discipline  of  the  Church.  Bp.  Beveridire  had  a  great  attach 
ment  to  antiquity,  and  thought  the  Apostolical  Canons  were  com 
posed  near  the  end  of  the  second  century — a  much  later  date  is 
generally  assigned  to  them." — BICKERSTETH. 

"  Bishop  Beveridge's  notes  contain  much  very  learned  exposition 
of  the  canon  law,  and  much  instructive  matter  on  other  subjects 
connected  with  the  learning  of  the  canons." — VAN  ESPEN. 

In  1679  he  pub.  in  Latin  a  vindication  of  the  above- 
named  work,  in  answer  to  some  observations  of  M.  de 
1'Arroque,  pub.  anonymously.  In  this  year,  also,  he  pro 
ceeded  to  the  degree  of  D.D.  In  1674  he  was  collated  by 
Bishop  Henchman,  then  Bishop  of  London,  to  the  prebend 
of  Chiswick,  and  in  1681,  Bishop  Compton,  successor  to 
Bishop  Henchman,  collated  him  to  the  Archdeaconry  of 
Colchester.  He  thus  presented  a  remarkable  instance  of 
the  reception  of  preferment  from  three  successive  Bishops 


BEV 

of  London.     In  1691  he  declined  the  see  of  Bath  and 
Wells,  vacated  by  the  deprivation  of  Dr.  Thomas  Ken,  a 
non-juror.     In   1704  he  was   consecrated    Bishop   of  St. 
Asaph.     Here,  as  in  his  former  positions,  he  zealously  la 
boured  for  the  increase  of  piety  in  the  church.     Sermons 
were  preached  on  Sunday  evenings  in  some  of  the  largest 
churches ;  the  custom  of  weekly  communion  was  revived ; 
societies  were  established  for  the  suppression  of  vice,  and 
"the  poor  had  the  gospel  preached  to  them."     Two  socie 
ties   were   established — For   Propagating   the   Gospel  in 
Foreign  Parts,  and  Promoting  Christian  Knowledge, — to 
which  the  bishop  left  the  principal  part  of  his  estate,  and 
which  are  this  day  (1858)  carrying  out  his  pious  intentions. 
Bishop  Beveridge  deservedly  gained  the  title  of  "  the  great 
reviver  and  restorer  of  primitive  piety."    To  aid  his  clergy 
in  the  duty  to  which  he  urged  them  of  thoroughly  ground-" 
ing  their  people  in  the  fundamentals  of  Christianity,  he 
prepared  and  sent  to  them  The  Church  Catechism  Ex- 
olained ;  for  the  Use  of  the  Divines  of  St.  Asaph,  Lon., 
1704,  4to;  several  times  reprinted.     After  holding  his  see 
for  about  three  and  a  half  years,  this  good  man  died  in 
tiis  71st  year  in  his  apartment  in  the  cloister  in  Westmin 
ster  Abbey.     He  was  a  widower  without  children.     He  left 
his  library  to  St.  Paul's,  for  the  benefit  of  the  clergy  in 
London.     Among  his  other  bequests  is  one  intended  to 
revive  the  custom  of  daily  public  prayer.     He  bequeathed 
to  the  curacy  of  Mount-Sorrel,  and  vicarage  of  Barrow, 
Leicester,    £20   per   annum    forever,    on    condition   that 
prayers  be  read  morning  and  evening  every  day  according 
to  the  Liturgy  of  the  Church  of  England,  in  the  chapel 
and  parish  church  aforesaid.     A  few  occasional  sermons, 
and  the  Exposition  of  the  Catechism,  are  the  only  works 
pub.  by  the  bishop  in  English.     But  from  his  MSS.  his 
executor,  Mr.  Timothy  Gregory,  pub.  a  number  of  works : 
Thesaurus  Theologicus,  or  a  complete  system  of  Divinity, 
Lon.,  1710,  4  vols.  8vo. 

"This  system  is  summed  up  in  notes  upon  select  places  of  the 
Old  and  New  Testaments ;  wherein  the  sacred  text  is  reduced  un 
der  proper  heads,  explained  and  illustrated,  with  the  opinions  and 
authorities  of  the  ancient  fathers,  councils,  <fcc." 

Other  editions,  in  2  vols.,  1816,  '20,  '23,  '28.  150  Ser 
mons  and  Discourses  on  several  subjects,  Lon.,  1709-14, 
12  vols.  12mo;  1720,  2  vols.  fol. 

"  The  Sermons  of  such  as  lips.  Reynolds  and  Beveridge,  of  Mil- 
ner,  Richardson,  Simeon,  &c.,  will  furnish  more  especially  those 
evangelical  doctrines,  which,  clearly  exhibiting  salvation  by  Christ, 
are  alone  eminently  blessed  of  God  in  giving  spiritual  life  to  the 
hearers."— BICKERSTETH. 

There  have  been  several  "  Selections"  pub.  from  the 
bishop's  sermons  by  Glasse,  Dakins,  <fec.  Private  Thoughts 
upon  Religion,  digested  into  12  Articles,  with  Practical 
Resolutions  framed  thereupon,  Lon.,  1709,  8vo.  Nume 
rous  editions.  Written  when  only  23  years  of  age. 

"  Beveridge's  Private  Thoughts  are  most  valuable,  and  fit  to  be 
read  by  a  young  minister." — DR.  DODDRIDGE. 

"  They  have  been  of  inestimable  service  to  the  Church,  from  the 
deep  piety  and  devotion  and  evangelical  sentiments  of  the  excel 
lent  bishop."— BICKERSTETH. 

"  His  work  is  in  a  strain  of  popular  yet  close  reasoning,  proceed 
ing  from  deep  conviction  of  the  radical  truths  of  Christianity,  and 
a  devotional  spirit." — WILLIAMS. 

The  Private  Thoughts  have  been  edited,  with  introduc 
tory  Essays,  by  Dr.  Chalmers,  1828,  Rev.  H.  Stebbing, 
Ac.  The  latter  adds  the  bishop's  treatise  on  the  Necessity 
and  Advantage  of  Frequent  Communion,  first  pub.  1708, 
8vo.  A  Defence  of  Sternhold's,  Hopkins's,  <fec.,  version 
of  the  Book  of  Psalms,  1710,  12mo.  Exposition  of  the 
39  Articles.  The  English  works  of  Bishop  Beveridge 
were  for  the  first  time  collected  and  published  in  9  vols. 
8vo  in  1824  by  the  Rev.  Thomas  Hartwell  Home.  Tho 
greater  part  of  the  impression  was  destroyed  by  fire. 
Since  the  publication  of  this  edit,  the  MS.  of  the  Exposi 
tion  of  the  last  nine  of  the  thirty-nine  Articles  was  disco 
vered,  and  edited  by  Dr.  Routh.  Another  edit  was  pub. 
in  12  vols.  8vo,  Oxf.,  1844-48  ;  viz.,  vol.  i.-vi.,  1844-45, 
Sermons.  Vol.  vii.,  1845,  On  the  Thirty-nine  Articles.  Vol. 
viii.,  1846,  On  the  Church  Catechism;  Private  Thoughts; 
On  Public  Prayer;  On  Frequent  Communion  ;  Defence  of 
Sternhold  and  Hopkins's  Psalms.  Vol.  ix.,  x.,  1847,  The 
saurus  Theologicus.  Vol.  xi.,  xii.,  Codex  canonum  Eccle- 
sise  Primitivse  Vindicatus  ac  illustratus;  Indices  and  Ap 
pendix.  A  more  excellent  person  than  Bishop  Beveridge 
does  not  adorn  the  Fasti  of  the  English  Church. 

"  Beveridge's  Practical  Works  are  much  like  Henry's,  but  not 
equal  to  his." — DR.  DODDRIDGK. 

"  Beveridge  was  a  very  evangelical  practical  bishop,  the  chief 
of  whose  works  had  the  great  disadvantage  of  posthumous  publi 
cation." — BICKERSTETH. 

"  Those  who  are  censorious  enough  to  reflect  with  severity  upon 
the  pious  strains  which  are  to  be  found  in  Bishop  Beveridge,  may 


BEV 

possibly  be  good  judges  of  an  ode  or  essay,  but  do  not  seem  to 
criticise  justly  upon  sermons,  or  express  a  just  value  for  spiritual 

th«nOur  l^rned  and°  venerable  bishop  delivered  himself  with  those 
ornaments  alone,  which  his  subject  suggested  to  him,  and  wrote  j 
in  that  plainness  and  solemnity  of  style,  that  gravity  and  simpli-  | 
city,  which  gave  authority  to  the  sacred  truths  he  taught,  and  ( 
unanswerable  evidence  to  the  doctrines  he  defended.    There  i 
somethin"  so  great,  primitive,  and  apostolical,  m  his  writings,  that 
it  creates  an  awe  and  veneration  in  our  mind;  the  importance  of 
his  subjects  is  above  the  decoration  of  words ;  and  what  is  great 
and  majestic  in  itself  looketh  most  like  itself,  the  less  it  is 
adorned."— DR.  HENRY  FELTON. 

The  author  of  one  of  the  "  Guardians"  makes  an  extract 
from  one  of  the  bishop's  sermons,  and  remarks  that 

"  It  may  for  acuteness  of  judgment,  ornament  of  speech,  and 
true  sublimity,  compare  with  any  of  the  choicest  writings  of  the 
ancients  who  lived  nearest  to  the  Apostles'  times." 

Beverley,  Charlotte.    Poems,  Lon.,  1792,  8vo. 

Beverley,  John.  Unus  Reformationum  sive  Examen 
Hoornbecki,  &c.,  Lon.,  1659,  8vo. 

Beverley,  John  of.     See  JOHN  OP  BEVERLEY. 

Beverley,  Peter.  The  History  of  Ariodanto  and 
Jeneura,  [daughter  to  the  King  of  Scots;  in  English 
verse,]  Lon.,  by  Thos.  East,  12mo,  sine  anno;  again,  in 
1600,  with  an  altered  title ;  and  see  Warton's  History  of 
English  Poetry.  Sold  at  the  Gordonstoun  sale  for  £31 10«. 

Beverley,  R.  M.  A  Letter  to  the  Abp.  of  York,  on 
the  present  corrupt  State  of  the  Church  of  England,  Svo; 
12th  edit.,  1831. 

"  This  popular  tract,  written  in  a  bold,  coarse,  Cobbett-like  style 
of  attack,  deals  forth  the  most  sweeping  and  bitter  censures  on 
the  whole  body  of  the  national  clergy.  Several  answers  appeared." 
— LOWNDES. 

The  Posthumous  Letters  of  the  Rev.  Rabshakeh  Gath- 
ercoal,  late  Vicar  of  Tuddington,  now  first  published,  with 
Explanatory  Notes,  and  dedicated  to  the  Lord  Bishop  of 
London,  Lon.,  1835,  12mo.  This  jeu  d'esprit  is  generally 
attributed  to  Mr.  Beverley. 

Beverley,  Thomas,  a  Nonconformist  minister  of  a 
congregation  at  Cutler's  Hall,  London,  pub.  a  number  of 
works  upon  the  Prophecies  and  other  subjects,  1670-1701. 
We  quote  the  titles  of  a  few :  The  Prophetical  History  of 
the  Reformation  to  be  performed  in  the  year  1697,  Lon., 
1689,  4to.  The  late  Revolution  to  be  applied  to  the  Spirit 
now  moving  in  fulfilling  of  all  Prophecy,  Lon.  1689,  4to. 
The  Command  of  God  to  his  People  to  come  out  of  Baby 
lon,  shewn  to  be  a  Command  to  come  out  of  Papal  Rome, 
Lon.,  1689,  4to.  The  Kingdom  of  Jesus  Christ  entering 
its  Succession  at  1697  according  to  a  Callender  of  Time, 
1689,  4to. 

"  He  fixed  dates  with  great  confidence,  and  lived  to  find  his  cal 
culations  erroneous.  He  held  the  doctrine  of  the  pre-millennial 
reign  of  Christ  on  earth."— Cyc.  Bibl. 

See  a  list  of  his  publications  in  Watt's  Bib.  Brit 

Beverley,  Thomas,  Rect.  of  Lilley,  in  Hertford 
shire.  Discourses  on  the  Principles  of  Protestant  Truth 
and  Peace,  Lon.,  1683,  4to. 

Beverly,  John.     Political  Tracts,  1784-93,  1806-11. 

Beverly,  Robert,  d.  1716,  a  native  of  Virginia,  was 
clerk  of  the  council  about  1697,  when  Andros  was  go 
vernor.  History  of  the  Present  State  of  Virginia,  Lon., 
1705,  Svo;  in  4  parts,  embracing  the  first  settlement  of 
Virginia,  and  the  government  thereof  to  time  when  written. 
An  edit,  was  pub.  with  Gribelin's  14  cuts  in  1722,  and  a 
French  trans.,  with  plates,  1707.  Meusel  erroneously  ex 
plains  "  R.  B."  in  the  frontispiece  to  signify  R.  Bird  in 
stead  of  Beverly. 

<;  This  work  in  the  historical  narration  is  as  concise  and  unsatis 
factory  as  the  history  of  Stith  is  prolix  and  tedious."— Allen's  Amer. 
Biog.  Diet. 

"  This  work  contains  many  pertinent  remarks."— LOWNDES. 

"  A  work  of  considerable  merit,  particularly  relative  to  the  nu 
merous  Indian  Tribes,  then  resident  in  the  State,  but  now  extir 
pated  or  greatly  diminished." — PINKERTON. 

Beverton,  Simon.     Sermon,  1717,  8vo. 

Bevill,  Robert,  of  the  Inner  Temple.  A  Treatise 
on  the  Law  of  Homicide,  etc.,  1799,  8vo. 

"Surely  such  a  publication  must  be  considered  as  unnecessary, 
when  the  Profession  possesses  the  able  and  comprehensive  trea 
tises  of  Chief  Justice  Hale  and  Sergeant  Hawkins  on  the  Pleas  of 
the  Crown.  The  useless  multiplication  of  law-books  is  an  evil  of 
which  we  have  frequent  cause  to  complain ;  and  we  shall  persevere 
in  expressing  our  disapprobation,  till  the  nuisance  be  in  some  mea 
sure  removed."— Lon.  Monthly  Review,  1799. 

What  would  the  indignant  reviewer  say  if  he  were  liv 
ing  now  ?  And  how  ill  could  we  afford  to  lose  the  legal 
lore  of  the  last  half  century  ! 

Bevin,  Elway,  an  eminent  English  musician,  flou 
rished  in  the  reigns  of  Queen  Elizabeth  and  James  I  pub 
a  Briefe  and  Short  Instruction  of  the  Art  of  Musicke  to 
teach  how  to  make  Discant  of  all  Proportions  that  are  in 
use,  Ac.,  1631,  4to. 


BIC 

"  Before  Bevin's  time  the  precepts  for  the  composition  of  canons 
were  known  to  few.  Tallis,  Bird,  Waterhouse,  and  Farmer  were 
eminently  skilled  in  this  most  abstruse  part  of  musical  practice. 
Every  canon,  as  given  to  the  public,  was  a  kind  of  enigma.  Com 
positions  of  this  kind  were  sometimes  exhibited  in  the  form  of  a 
cross,  sometimes  in  that  of  a  circle ;  there  is  now  extant  one  re 
sembling  a  horizontal  sun-dial,  and  the  resolution  (as  it  was 
called)  of  a  canon,  which  was  the  resolving  it  into  its  elements, 
and  reducing  it  into  score,  was  deemed  a  work  of  almost  as  great 
difficulty  as  the  original  composition." — Haivldns's  Hist,  nf  Music. 

Bevis,  John,  1695-1771,  an  eminent  astronomer,  was 
a  native  of  Wiltshire.  He  pub.  in  1767  an  Inquiry  con 
cerning  the  Mineral  Waters  at  Bagnigge  Wells,  and  con 
tributed  a  number  of  articles  to  the  Phil.  Trans.,  1737-69. 

Bewick,  Benj.  Earthquake  at  Cadiz,  Phil.  Trans. 
1755. 

Bewick,  John.     Theolog.  works,  Lon.,  1642,  '44,  '60. 

Bewick,  Thomas,  1753-1828.  This  eminent  en 
graver  may  claim  a  place  amongst  authors  from  his  hav 
ing  written  some  of  the  descriptions  in  his  History  of 
British  Birds,  Ac.,  and  from  his  MS.  Memoirs  of  himself 
and  family,  which  are  said  to  be  written  "with  great 
naivete,  and  full  of  anecdote." 

"  I  have  seen  how  his  volumes  are  loved,  and  treasured,  and 
reverted  to,  time  after  time,  in  many  a  country-house ;  the  more 
familiar,  the  more  prized ;  the  oftener  seen,  the  oftener  desired." — 
W.  HnwiWs  Rural  Life  in  Eng. 

"  Open  the  work  where  ye  will,  only  look  at  the  bird,  his  atti 
tude,  his  eye — is  he  not  alive  ?  I  actually  and  ardently  aver,  that 
I  have  gazed  till  I  have  readily  imagined  motion,  ay,  colour!  . .  . 
Each  bird,  too,  has  his  character  most  physiognomically  marked. 
.  .  .  The  moral  habits  of  each  are  as  distinctly  marked  as  had  he 
painted  portraits  of  individuals  for  Lavater." — From  a  very  inte 
resting  account  of  Bewick  and  his  methods  ofworldng  by  J.  F.  M.  Do- 
vaston,  in  London's  Mag.  of  Nat.  Hist.,  vols.  ii.  and  iii. 

See  a  descriptive  Catalogue  of  the  Works  of  Messrs. 
Bewick  appended  to  the  Select  Fables ;  Newcastle,  1820, 
8vo ;  also  refer  to  Lowndes's  Bibliographer's  Manual. 

Bewicke,  Robert.  Tables  of  Exchanges,  2  vols. 
4to,  Lon.,  1802. 

Bewley,  Richard,  M.D.  A  Treatise  on  Air,  Lon., 
1791,  8vo, 

"  This  Doctor  Bewley  has  so  warmly  espoused  the  theory,  and 
has  so  perfectly  hit  off  the  peculiar  (we  had  almost  said  the  inimi 
table)  style  and  manners  of  our  old  acquaintance,  Doctor  Harring 
ton,  that  we  suspect  he  is  no  other  than  Dr.  H.  himself;  who,  pos 
sibly,  thinks,  under  the  fictitious  sanction  of  a  respectable  name, 
to  obtain  greater  attention  than  he  could,  perhaps,  have  attracted 
under  his  own." — Lon.  Monthly  Review. 

Bibaud,  Francois  Marie  Uncas  Maximilian, 
LL.D.,  born  in  Montreal,  Canada,  1824,  Law  Professor 
in  the  Jesuits'  College,  Montreal.  Distinguished  Canadian 
writer.  Among  his  numerous  works  are  the  following : 
Six  Indian  Biographies  in  the  Encyclopedic  Canadienne, 
1843.  Sixty-four  articles  in  the  Melange  Re"ligieuse  of 
Montreal,  1845.  Biographie  des  Sagamos  Illustres  de 
1'Amerique  Septentrionale,  Precedee  d'un  Index  de  1'His- 
toire  fabuleuvse  de  ce  Continent,  Montreal,  Lowell  &  Gib 
son,  1848,  8vo.  Catechisme  de  1'Histoire  du  Canada,  a 
1'usage  des  6coles,  Montreal,  1853,  18mo,  &c.  &e. 

Bibaud,  Michel,  born  at  Montreal  in  1782.  Al 
though  a  British  subject,  his  works  have  all  been  written 
in  the  French  language.  La  Bibliotheque  Canadienne,  5 
vols.  8vo.  L'Observateur,  2  vols.  8vo.  Le  Magasin  du  Bas- 
Canada,  8vo.  L'Encyclope"die  Canadienne,  8vo.  L'His- 
toire  du  Canada  sous  la  Domination  Francaise  History 
of  Canada  under  the  English  Dominion,  vol.,  1. 
1  Bibb,  George  M.  Reports  of  Cases  at  Common 
Law  and  in  Chancery  in  the  Court  of  Appeals  of  Ken 
tucky,  1808-17,  4  vols.  8vo ;  Frankfort,  Ky.,  1815-17. 

Biber,  G.  E.,  LL.D.,  perpetual  Curate  of  Roch- 
ampton.  English  Church  on  the  Continent,  Lon.,  1846, 
12mo.  Sermons,  Occasional  and  for  Saints'  Days,  1846, 
8vo.  Standard  of  Catholicity,  1840,  8vo.  Supremacy 
Question,  8vo.  Vindication  of  the  Church,  Svo.  Bishop 
Blomfield  and  his  Times,  Svo. 

Bicheno,  J.  E.  Observations  on  the  Philosophy  of 
Criminal  Jurisprudence,  &c.,  Lon.,  1819,  Svo.  The  Poor 
Laws,  p.  Svo.  Ireland  and  its  Economy,  1829,  p.  8vo. 
Bicheno,  James.  Theolog.  works,  Lon.,  1787-1810. 
Bickerstaff,  Isaac,  born  probably  about  1735,  was 
a  native  of  Ireland.  At  one  time  he  held  a  commission  as 
an  officer  of  Marines.  He  was  the  author  of  many  come 
dies,  farces,  &c.,  which  were  great  favourites  with  the  pub 
lic:  1.  Leucothe,  1756.  2.  Thomas  and  Sally,  Ac.,  1760. 
3.  Love  in  a  Village,  1763.  4.  Judith,  1764.  5.  The  Maid 
of  the  Mill,  1765.  6.  Daphne  and  Amintor,  1765.  7. 
The  Plain  Dealer,  1766.  8.  Love  in  the  City,  1767.  9. 
Lionel  and  Clarissa,  1768.  10.  The  Absent  Man,  1768. 
11.  The  Royal  Garland,  1768.  12.  The  Padlock,  1768. 
13.  The  Hypocrite,  1768.  14.  The  Ephesian  Matron,  1769. 
15.  Dr.  Last  in  his  Chariot,  1760.  16.  The  Captive,  1769. 

185 


BIG 


BID 


17.  A  School  for  Fathers,  1770.  18.  'Tis  Well  it's  no 
Worse,  1770.  19.  The  Recruiting  Sergeant,  1770.  20. 
He  Would  if  he  Could,  Ac.,  1771.  21.  The  Sultan,  1775. 
To  him  also  has  been  ascribed,  22.  The  Spoiled  Child, 
1805.— Biog.  Dramat.  Mr.  BickerstaflTs  pieces  present  a 
combination  of  excellencies  seldom  found  in  conjunction. 
Bickersteth,  Edward,  1786-1850,  a  native  of  Kirk- 
by  Lonsdale,  practised  as  a  lawyer  in  Norwich  from  1812 
to  1815.  He  took  holy  orders  in  the  latter  year,  and  be 
came  a  zealous  labourer  in  connection  with  The  Church 
Missionary  Society  and  other  useful  departments  of  Chris 
tian  effort  He  continued  in  London  until  1830,  when  he 
was  presented  to  the  living  of  Walton,  where  he  proved 
himself  a  most  laborious  and  useful  parish  minister.  He 
died  at  Walton  in  1850.  Mr.  Bickersteth  published  a  num 
ber  of  valuable  theological  works,  some  of  which  we  pro 
ceed  to  notice.  A  uniform  edition  of  his  principal  works, 
in  17  vols.  fp.  8vo,  was  pub.  in  1853.  It  comprises  Chris 
tian  Truth,  The  Christian  Student,  Scripture  Help,  Treat, 
on  the  Lord's  Supper,  Treat,  on  Prayer,  The  Chief  Concerns 
of  Man,  Family  Expositions  of  the  Epistles  of  St.  John  and 
St.  Jude,  Christian  Hearer's  Family  Prayers,  Signs  of  the 
Times  in  the  East,  Promised  Glory  of  the  Church,  Restora 
tion  of  the  Jews,  Practical  Guide  to  the  Prophecies,  Treat, 
on  Baptism,  The  Divine  Warning  to  the  Church,  &c.  To 
these  17  vols.  must  be  added  the  5  vols.  of  his  smaller  works. 
The  Scripture  Help,  designed  to  assist  in  reading  the 
Bible  profitably,  has  long  proved  a  most  useful  manual : 

"  This  work  is  professedly  a  practical  introduction  to  the  read 
ing  of  the  Scriptures.  The  sale  of  30,000  copies  of  the  large  edi 
tions,  and  of  more  than  130,000  copies  qf  the  12mo  and  18mo 
abridgments,  sufficiently  attests  the  high  estimation  in  which  this 
manual  is  deservedly  held.  It  has  been  translated  and  published 
in  the  French  and  modern  Greek  languages." — Home's  Introduction. 
Since  the  above  was  written,  a  large  number  of  copies 
have  been  sold.  The  Christian  Student,  designed  to  assist 
Christians  in  general  in  acquiring  Religious  Knowledge; 
with  Lists  of  Books  adapted  to  the  various  Classes  of  So 
ciety;  4th  edit,  corrected,  1844. 

"  A  most  valuable  little  work,  to  which  the  compiler  of  these  pages 
is  under  the  greatest  obligations." — Lowndes's  British  Librarian. 
A  Discourse  on  Justification  by  Faith,  <fcc.,  1827. 
"  It  is  a  plain,  judicious,  and  practical  discourse." — LOWNDES. 
A  Treatise  on  the  Lord's  Supper. 

"  Seven  editions  of  this  popular  and  truly  excellent  treatise  have 
been  published.  It  is  divided  into  two  parts — the  first  is  designed 
to  explain  the  doctrines  connected  with  that  ordinance;  and  the 
second  to  assist  the  communicant  in  devoutly  receiving  it.  It 
likewise  forms  a  portion  of  the  Christian's  Family  Library." 

"  Mr.  Bickersteth's  Sermons  are  excellent.  They  are  plain  and 
simple ;  there  is  nothing  ambitious  or  high-wrought  about  them, 
and  they  are  throughout  very  scriptural." — Presb.  Rev. 

A  Practical  Guide  to  the  Prophecies,  with  reference  to 
their  Interpretation  and  Fulfilment,  and  to  Personal  Edi 
fication,  6th  edit,  enlarged,  Lon.,  1839. 

"  A  most  trustworthy  guide ;  it  is  the  completest  and  most  com 
prehensive  manual  upon  the  subject  extant,  and  the  tone  in  which 
it  is  written  is  altogether  Christian.  It  forms  an  admirable  text 
book  for  the  students  of  prophecy." — LOWNDES. 

"  The  fact  that,  within  a  few  years,  Mr.  Bickersteth's  Guide  has 
reached  &  fifth  edition,  is  of  itself  sufficient  to  prove  the  command 
ing  attitude  which  it  maintains.  The  popularity  of  the  work, 
however,  is  in  some  measure  to  be  attributed  to  the  deservedly 
high  standing  of  the  pious  and  zealous  author  among  the  mem 
bers  of  his  own  communion,  and  the  deeply  practical  character 
with  which  he  has  succeeded  in  investing  the  topics  of  discussion. 
Bating  this  feature,  which  we  cannot  too  highly  commend,  we  are 
sorry  in  being  obliged  to  give  it  as  our  opinion,  that  we  consider 
the  writer  to  have  greatly  retrograded  in  his  views  since  la.st  he 
:ame  under  our  notice.  He  now  believes  in  a  premillennial  per 
sonal  advent  of  Christ,  and  that  he  will  so  dwell  on  earth  as  to  be 
visible  in  his  glory;  and  so  important  does  he  regard  the  doctrine, 
that  he  scruples  not  to  designate  it  the  generation  truth.  He  ex 
pects  a  personal,  visible,  by  which  we  suppose  he  means  an  indi 
vidual,  antichrist,  to  head  the  last  apostasy.  He  is  of  opinion, 
that  the  Jews,  when  converted,  are  to  be  the  eminently  successful 
missionaries  to  the  Gentiles,  and  are  those  for  whom  their  univer 
sal  conversion  is  reserved.  He  thinks  that  the  first  resurrection 
(Rev.  xx.)  is  a  literal  rather  than  a  spiritual  one.  He  has  given 
up  the  views  which  he  formerly  entertained  respecting  a  merely 
spiritual  and  universal  kingdom  of  Christ.  His  notions  of  Hades, 
p.  313,  seem  very  different  from  what  we  believe  he  once  taught 
respecting  the  glory  of  that  state  of  blessedness  to  which  believers 
are  at  death  immediately  admitted.  Whatever  edification  its  readers 
may  derive  from  the  pious  tone  and  practical  character  of  the 
book,  certain  we  are,  it  will  be  found  a  very  unsafe  guide  to  the 
just  apprehension  of  the  meaning  of  Scripture  prophecy." — Evan 
gelical  Mag.,  1838. 

The  Christian  Fathers  of  the  First  and  Second  Centu 
ries,  edited  by  E.  B.,  Lon.,  1838.     This  work  contains  their 
principal  remains  at  large,  with  selections  from  their  other 
writings.     The  Letters  of  the  Martyrs  ;  collected  and  pub. 
in  1564,  with  a  Preface  by  Miles  Coverdale,  and  with  in 
troductory  Remarks  by  E.  B.,  Lon.,  1837,  8vo. 
The  Christian's  Family  Library,  40  vols.  12mo:   con- 
186 


,  Hist.,  Pract.,  and  Devotional  Works,  Ori 
ginal  and  Selected.  Mr.  B.  also  edited  The  Harmony  of 
the  Gospels,  Christian  Psalmody,  and  the  Walton  Tracts. 

"  Mr.  Bickersteth  is  justly  entitled  to  rank  among  the  most  use 
ful  writers  of  the  present  day.  His  name  is  no  inconsiderable 
recommendation  of  any  work,  and  no  slight  security  for  its  ex 
cellence." 

Bickerton,  G.  Accurate  Disquisitions  in  Physic 
Lon.,  1719,  8vo. 

Bickham,  George.  First  Principles  of  Heraldry 
Lon.,  (1742,)  8vo. 

"  A  work  of  no  value,  consisting  of  pp.  12.  The  title  as  well  as 
the  whole  book  is  engraved." — LOWNDES. 

Universal  Penman,  Lon.,  1743,  fol.,  engraved.  British, 
Monarchy,  Lon.,  1748.  Other  works. 

Bicknell,  Alex.  Hist,  and  Poet,  Works,  Lon.,  1777-92. 

Bicknell,  J.  L.    Proceedings  against  G.  Wilson,  Svo. 

Bicknoll,  Edm.  Sworde  against  Swaryng,  Lon.,  Svo. 

Biddle,  Charles  J.,  b.  1819,  at  Philadelphia,  son  of 
Nicholas  Biddle,  served  in  the  United  States  Army  durin» 
the  war  with  Mexico;  wrote  The  Case  of  Major  Audre^ 
in  Memoirs  of  Historical  Society  of  Penna.,  vol.  vi. :  see 
MAHON,  PHILIP  HENRY,  LORD,  No.  3,  p.  1204,  (post.) 

Biddle,  Clement  Cornell,  1784-1854,  edited  Po 
litical  Economy,  from  the  French  of  J.  B.  Say,  by  C.  R. 
Prinsep,  Bost.,  1821,  2  vols.  Svo ;  last  ed.,  Phila.,  1851, 
8vo.  Commended  by  Dugald  Stewart,  1824. 

Biddle,  John,  1615-1662,  a  noted  Socinian  writer, 
was  born  at  Wootton-under-Edge,  in  Gloucestershire,  and 
educated  at  Magdalen  College,  Oxford.  After  suffering 
imprisonment  for  his  publications,  he  was  banished  by 
Cromwell  to  the  castle  at  St.  Mary's,  one  of  the  Scilly 
Islands.  He  was  restored  to  liberty  in  1658,  and  returned 
to  London.  When  only  19  he  pub.  Virgil's  Bucolicks 
Englished;  whereunto  is  added  The  Translation  of  the 
First  Two  Satyrs  of  Juvenal,  Lon.,  1634,  Svo.  In  1647 
he  pub.  Twelve  Arguments  on  Questions  drawn  out  of  the 
Scripture,  wherein  the  commonly  received  Opinion  touch 
ing  the  Deity  of  the  Holy  Spirit  is  clearly  and  fully  Re 
futed,  Lon.,  4to.  This  work  caused  his  imprisonment,  and 
he  was  summoned  to  the  bar  of  the  House  of  Commons, 
by  which  a  resolution  was  passed, 

"  That  the  house  being  acquainted  with  a  blasphemous  Pamphlet 
in  print,  entitled,  &c.  by  John  Biddle,  Master  of  Arts,  all  printed 
copies  should  be  seized  and  burned  by  the  common  hangman,  ia 
Cheapside  and  at  Westminster." 

In  1648  he  pub.  A  Confession  of  Faith  touching  the 
Holy  Trinity,  according  to  Scripture ;  for  this  and  another 
work,  The  Testimony  of  the  Fathers  to  these  Doctrines, 
the  author  was  sentenced  to  death.  This  sentence  was 
not  put  in  execution,  but  he  was  again  imprisoned.  The 
Confession  of  Faith  was  reviewed  by  Nic.  Estwick,  B.D., 
Lon.,  1656,  4to.  In  1654  he  pub.  A  Brief  Scripture  Cate 
chism,  Lon.,  Svo.  This  was  answered  by  Dr.  John  Oweu 
in  his  Vindicije  Evangelicse ;  or  the  Mystery  of  the  Gospel 
Vindicated  against  the  Socinians,  &c.,  Oxf.,  1655,  4to. 
Cloppenburgius  also  attacked  Biddle  in  his  Vindicice  pro 
Deitate  Spiritus  Sancti;  adversus  Joan.Bidellum  Anglum. 
Francf.,  1652,  4to,  etc.  Biddle  also  pub.  A  Twofold  Scrip 
ture  Catechism,  Lon.,  1654,  12mo,  and  History  of  the 
Unitarians,  also  called  Socinians,  and  some  comments  on 
the  Revelation.  See  his  Life  by  Rev.  Joshua  Toulmin, 
(1789,  8vo,)  who  styles  him  the  Father  of  the  English 
Unitarians. 

"  He  had  in  him  a  sharp  and  quick  judgment,  and  a  prodigious 
memory ;  and  being  very  industrious  withal,  was  in  a  capacity  of 
devouring  all  he  read.     He  was  wonderfully  well  versed  in  the 
Scriptures,  and  could  not  only  repeat  all  St.  Paul's  epistles  in  Eng 
lish,  but  also  in  the  Greek  tongue,  which  made  him  a  ready  dis- 
Sutant.     He  was  accounted  by  those  of  his  persuasion  a  sober  man 
i  his  discourse,  and  to  have  nothing  of  impiety,  folly,  or  scur 
rility  to  proceed  from  him :    Also,  so  devout,  that  he  seldom  or 
never  prayed  without  being  prostrate  or  flat  on  the  ground/'— 
Athen.  Oxon. 

Biddle,  Nicholas,  1786-1844,  a  native  of  Philadel 
phia,  and  graduate  of  Princeton  College,  was  an  energetic 
member  of  the  legislature  of  Pennsylvania,  and  held  the 
post  of  President  of  the  United  States  Bank  from  1823  to 
1839.  Mr.  Biddle's  literary  taste  was  of  a  hi<rh  order. 
He  edited  for  some  time  the  Philadelphia  Port-Folio,  and 
contributed  many  articles  to  its  pages.  He  compiled  from 
the  original  papers  a  history  of  Lewis  and  Clarke's  expe 
dition  to  the  Pacific  Ocean,  and  prepared  by  request  of 
the  President  of  the  United  States  a  volume  put  forth  by 
Congress,  entitled  Commercial  Digest,  &c.  A  number 
of  his  Essays,  Speeches,  Ac.  have  been  given  to  the 
world,  and  evince  great  vigour  of  mind  and  classical  taste 
of  no  ordinary  character.  A  well-written  biographical 
sketch  of  Mr.  Biddle,  by  Judge  Robt.  T.  Conrad,  of  Phila., 
will  be  found  in  the  American  National  Portrait  Gallery. 


BID 

Riddle,  Owen.  Astronom.  Con.  to  Phil.  Trans.,  1769, 
and  to  Trans.  Amer.  Soc.,  1789. 

Biddle,  Richard,  1796-1847,  brother  of  Nicholas, 
was  eminent  as  an  author,  a  jurist,  and  a  statesman.  A 
Review  of  Captain  Basil  Hall's  Travels  in  North  America 
in  the  Years  1827  and  1828,  by  an  American,  1830,  Svo. 
A  Memoir  of  Sebastian  Cabot ;  with  a  Review  of  the  His 
tory  of  Maritime  Discovery,  illustrated  by  Documents 
from  the  Rolls,  now  first  published,  Phila.  and  Lon.,  1831, 
Svo  :  Lon.,  1832  :  anon. 

"  A  most  elaborate  and  successful  examination  into  the  records 
of  the  past,  for  the  sake  of  doing  justice  to  the  character  of  an 
eminent  man,  whose  merits  have  been  strangely  overlooked  by 
most  historians  and  biographers.  The  author  has  accomplished 
lu<  t;i*k  with  signal  ability,  and  has  dispelled  the  darkness  which 
prejudice  and  carelessness  had  suffered  to  gather  over  the  fair  fame 
of  a  great  navigator."  See  a  review  of  this  work  by  Mr.  G.  S. 
Hillard  in  the  N.  American  Review,  xxxiv.  405. 

See  also  Westm.  Rev.,  xvi.  22;  Lon.  Month.  Rev.,  cxxv. 
514;  Lon.  Athenaeum,  1847,  939. 

Biddulph,  Thomas  Tregenna,  1763-1838,  was  a 
native  of  Claines  in  Worcestershire.  He  was  of  Queen's 
College,  Oxford;  B.  A.,  1784;  M.  A.,  1787.  He  was  or 
dained  deacon  1785,  priest,  1788.  He  was  minister  of  St. 
James's  from  1798  until  his  death  in  1838.  His  character 
commended  him  to  the  love  and  esteem  of  all  men. 

Practical  Essays  on  the  Morning  and  Evening  Services 
and  Collects  in  the  Liturgy,  1799,  12mo,  5  vols.  2d  edit., 
1810,  3  vols.  3d  edit.,  1822,  Svo,  3  vols. 

"  The  whole  are  distinguished  for  their  spirit  of  piety  and  at 
tention  to  practical  utility."— British  Critic. 

"  These  Essays  have  already  received  a  very  honourable  testi 
mony  from  the  British  Critic;  such,  however,  is  the  importance  of 
their  object,  and  the  ability  with  which  that  object  is  pursued  by 
their  author,  that  we  are  anxious  to  introduce  and  recommend 
them  to  those  of  our  readers  who  may  not  be  already  acquainted 
with  them." — London  Christian  Observer. 

"These  Essays  have  been  read  with  pleasure  and  improvement 
by  many  whose  opinions  do  not  altogether  accord  with  those  of 
Mr.  Biddulph." — London  Quarterly  Review. 

Letter  to  John  Hay,  1801,  Svo.  An  Appeal  to  the  Public 
Impartiality,  1801,  Svo.  Sermons,  1801,  '3,  '4,  '5.  Bap 
tism  a  Seal  of  the  Christian  Covenant,  &c.,  (in  opposition 
to  Dr.  Mant,)  1816,  Svo.  See  Considerations  on  the  Doc 
trine  of  Baptism,  and  on  Conversion,  as  connected  with 
the  Evang.  Discharge  of  the  Pastoral  Function,  Lon.,  1816, 
Svo.  This  is  a  Review  of  the  publications  of  the  Rev. 
Dr.  Mant,  and  Messrs.  Biddulph,  Scott,  and  Bugg,  re 
printed  from  the  Eclectic  Review  for  May  and  June,  1816. 

Search  after  Truth  in  Holy  Scriptures,  Bristol,  1818,  Svo. 
Lectures  on  the  Divine  Influence  or  Operations  of  the  Holy 
Spirit,  Bristol,  1824,  Svo. 

"  Many  valuable  and  excellent  remarks  on  the  history  of  the 
influence  of  the  Spirit."— BICKERSTETH. 

An  Essay  on  the  Doctrine  of  the  First  Resurrection, 
Lon.,  1834,  Svo. 

"  Though  the  author  has  come  to  a  diiferent  conclusion,  he  gladly 
records  that  the  strength  of  the  argument  for  a  spiritual  resurrec 
tion  is  here  stated  in  the  meekness  of  wisdom  and  love." — BICKER 
STETH. 

The  Doctrine  of  Baptismal  Regeneration  as  it  has  been 
stated  in  some  recent  tracts,  weighed  in  the  Balance 
of  the  Sanctuary.  In  three  Dialogues,  Lon.,  1837,  Svo. 
The  Young  Churchman  Armed;  a  Catechism  for  junior 
members  of  the  Church  of  England,  Lon.,  1836,  ISrno. 
Plain  and  Practical  Sermons,  intended  chiefly  for  Family 
Reading  and  Parochial  Libraries.  Three  series,  Lon.,  1838, 
12mo.  Theology  of  the  Ancient  Patriarchs,  (a  defence  of 
the  Hutchinsonian  Philosophy,)  2  vols.  Svo.  Inconsist 
ency  of  Conformity  to  the  World,  12mo.  Lectures  on 
Psalm  li.  12mo. 

Biddulph,  Will,  and  Pet.  Travels  of  four  Eng 
lishmen  and  a  Preacher  into  Africa,  Asia,  Troy,  Bythinia, 
Thracia,  and  to  the  Black  Sea ;  and  into  Syria,  &c.,  Lon., 
1612,  4to;  Black  letter.  Gordonstoun,  383,  £4  5s. 

Bidingfield,  James,  Surgeon.  A  Compendium  of 
Medical  Practice ;  illustrated  by  Cases,  1816,  Svo. 

Bidlake,  John,  1755-1814,  born  at  Plymouth,  edu 
cated  at  Christ  Church,  Oxford,  and  head-master  of  the 
Grammar  School  at  Plymouth.  He  pub.  a  number  of  ser 
mons,  poems,  <fec.,  1787-1813.  Sermons  on  various  Sub 
jects,  3  vols,  1795,  Svo. 

"  Agreeable  effusions  of  pulpit  oratory." — LOWNDES. 

Dr.  Drake,  a  good  authority,  speaks  highly  of  Bidlake's 
poems. 

Bidulph,  Miss  Sidney.  Memoirs,  1760, 3  vols,  12mo. 

Bidwell,  R.     Covenant  of  Grace,  Lon.,  1657, 12mo. 

Bielefeld,  C.  F.  Treatise  on  Papier  Mach6  for 
Decorations,  Lon.,  4to,  £2  2«. 

Bieston,  Roger.  Bayte  and  Snare  of  Fortune,  Lon., 
fol.,  Sykes,  £3  10«. ;  Inglis,  17«. 


BIG 

Bifield.     See  BYFTELD. 

Bigelow,  Andrew,  of  Massachusetts.  Leaves  from 
a  Journal ;  or,  Sketches  of  Rambles  in  some  parts  of  North 
Britain  and  Ireland  in  1817;  Bost.  1821,  Svo. 

"  We  have  read  these  Sketches  with  great  and  increasing  plea* 
sure,  and  we  know  of  few  works  of  a  similar  character  executed 
in  a  happier  manner.  The  style  is  original,  chaste,  and  classical ; 
and  the  manner  lively,  buoyant,  and  what  some  critics  would  call 
refreshing.  His  Excursion  from  Edinburgh  to  Dublin  will  hear 
to  be  read  over  and  over  again  with  renewed  pleasure  and  delight. 
So  will  also  his  Tour  to  Loch.  Katrine  and  the  Grampians ;  his 
Visit  to  the  Grave  of  Colonel  Gardiner ;  his  Pilgrimage  to  Melrose 
and  Dryburgh  Abbey;  but  particularly  his  Day  in  Lorn.  The  lat 
ter  is  exquisitely  romantic ;  and  whoever  can  read  it  without  plea 
sure,  can  never  hope  to  derive  pleasure  from  works  of  a  descriptive 
and  romantic  character." — European  Magazine. 

This  work  has  also  been  favourably  noticed  in  the  Lite 
rary  Gazette;  Literary  Chronicle;  La  Belle  Assemblee; 
Month.  Mag.,  <fcc.  <fcc.  Travels  in  Malta  and  Sicily,  1831, 
Svo.  Commended  in  Prescott's  Philip  II.,  1856,  ii.  504. 

Bigelow,  Artemas,  b.  1818,  in  Mass.;  grad.  Wes- 
leyan  Univ. ;  botanist  and  scientific  writer.  Contrib.  Sand 
stone  Formation  of  Alabama,  in  Silliman's  Journal,  &c. 

Bigelow,  George  Tyler,  and  George  Bemis. 
Report  of  the  Trial  of  Abner  Rogers  for  Murder,  Boston, 
1844,  Svo. 

Bigelow,  Jacob,  M.D.,  LL.D.,  b.  1787,  at  Sudbury, 
Mass.;  graduated  at  Harvard  College,  1806;  Rumford  Pro 
fessor,  and  Lecturer  on  Materia  Medica  and  Botany,  in. 
Harvard  University  since  1816.  Florula  Bostoniensis  :  a 
Collection  of  Plants  of  Boston  and  its  Environs,  &c.,  Boston, 
1814,  Svo;  2d  ed.,  greatly  enlarged,  Boston,  1824,  8vo;  3d 
ed.,  enlarged,  Boston,  1840,  12mo,  pp.  468.  American 
Medical  Botany,  Cambridge,  Mass.,  1817-21,  r.  Svo,  3  vols., 
1817.  See  Lon.  Phil.  Mag.  for  1817. 

"  We  have  no  hesitation  in  saying  explicitly  that  the  work  just 
analyzed  has  advanced  the  science  to  which  it  has  been  devoted, 
and  that  we  look  forward  with  earnestness  for  the  remaining 
volumes."— JV.  Amer.  Rev.,  vi.  368. 

"  We  find  that  he  has  not  only  described  the  botanical  properties 
of  his  plants  with  great  accuracy, — which  is  more  than  can  be  said 
of  his  predecessors, — but  he  has  also  done  it  with  perspicuity  and 
elegance  of  expression." — N.  Amer.  Rev.,  xiii.  123. 

The  Useful  Arts  Considered  in  Connexion  with  the  Ap 
plications  of  Science,  Bost.,  1840,  2  vols.  12mo.  This  is 
an  enlargement  of  a  similar  work  which  appeared  under 
the  title  of  The  Elements  of  Technology.  Nature  in  Disease 
Illustrated  in  Various  Discoveries  and  Essays ;  to  which  are 
added  Miscellaneous  Writings,  chiefly  on  Medical  Subjects, 
Bost.,  1854,  pp.  391.  Dr.  Bigelow  edited,  with  Notes,  Sir 
J.  E.  Smith's  Botany,  1814,  Svo,  was  one  of  the  contributors 
to  the  Monthly  Anthology,  and  is  the  author  of  many  grace 
ful  and  witty  pieces  of  poetry  which  have  from  time  to 
time  appeared.  He  is  the  reputed  author  of  a  poetical 
jeu  d'esprit,  containing  imitations  of  several  American 
poets,  under  the  title  of  Eolopoesis,  N.  York,  12mo. 

Bigelow,  John,  b.  1817,  at  Maiden,  Ulster  county, 
New  York;  associate  editor  and  proprietor  of  the  New 
York  Evening  Post.  Jamaica  in  1850,  or  the  Effects  of 
Sixteen  Years  of  Freedom  on  a  Slave  Colony.  Mr.  B.  has 
contributed  to  the  N.  York  Review  and  the  Democratic 
Review.  His  articles  on  Constitutional  Reform,  originally 
pub.  in  the  last-named  periodical,  were  subsequently  issued 
in  pamphlet  form.  To  the  same  journal  he  contributed  an 
article  on  Lucian,  a  review  of  Anthon's  Classical  Dic 
tionary,  and  a  rejoinder  to  Prof.  Anthon's  reply. 
,  Bigelow,  Lewis.  A  Digest  of  the  Reported  Cases 
in  the  Supreme  Judicial  Court  of  Massachusetts,  contained 
in  the  17  vols.  of  Mass.  Reports,  and  the  1st  of  Picker 
ing's  Reports.  2d  ed.  Svo,  Boston,  1825. 

"  The  author  does  not,  as  we  conceive,  draw  the  line  with  suffi 
cient  distinctness  between  the  points  of  a  case  which  are  solemnly 
decided  as  law,  and  the  obiter  dicta  of  the  Court,  their  queries, 
extra-judicial  remarks,  and  opinions  delivered  arguendo."—3  U.  S. 
Rev.  201. 

A  Digest  of  Pickering's  Reports,  vols.  ii.-vii.,  being  a  sup. 
to  the  Digest  of  the  previous  volumes  of  the  Mass.  Re 
ports,  Svo,  Boston,  1830. 

"  The  above  digests  are  now  superseded  by  Minot's  Digest,  q.  v." 
— Marvin's  Legal  Bibl. 

Bigelow,  Timothy,  1767-1821,  was  a  son  of  Colonel 
Timothy  Bigelow,  who  served  in  Arnold's  expedition  to 
Quebec,  and  commanded  the  16th  regiment  in  the  Revo 
lutionary  War.  The  subject  of  this  notice  was  born  at 
Worcester,  Massachusetts,  graduated  at  Harvard  College 
in  1786,  and  commenced  the  practice  of  the  Law  in  1789, 
at  Groton.  He  was  a  prominent  member  of  the  legisla 
ture  for  more  than  20  years,  and  for  11  years  was  the 
speaker  of  the  House  of  Representatives. 

"A  learned,  eloquent,  and  popular  lawyer.  It  has  been  com 
puted  that  during  a  practice  of  thirty-two  years  he  argued  not  less 
than  15,000  cases.  His  usual  antagonist  was  Samuel  Dana.  Over 


BIG 


BIL 


the  assembly  of  six  or  'seven  hundred  legislators  of  Massachusetts 
he  presided  with  great  dignity  and  energy." 

He  pub.  an  Oration  before  the  Phi  Beta  Kappa  Society, 
1797.  An  Extract  from  his  Eulogy  on  S.  Dana  is  in  the 
Historical  Collection.  See  Allen's  American  Biog.  Diet.; 
Jennison;  Marine  Hist  Coll.,  i.  363,  388,  409;  Mass.  Hist 
Coll.,  s.  s.  ii.  235,  252. 

Bigg,  J.  Stanyaii,  is  one  of  a  new  school  of  poets 
of  the  terrific  order.  Night  and  the  Soul ;  a  Dramatic 
Poem,  Lon.,  1854. 

Bigge,  Thomas.     Political  Treatises,  1794-95,  8vo. 

Bigger,  J.  and  H.  Dunn.  The  Revised  Statutes  of 
the  State  of  Indiana,  8vo,  Indianapolis,  1845,  8vo. 

Biggin,  George.     Hort.  Con.  to  Phil.  Trans.,  1799. 

Biggs,  Arthur.  Con.  to  Trans.  Horticult.  Soc.  i.  63. 

Biggs,  James.  Hist,  of  Miranda,  <fcc.,  Lon.,  1809,  8vo. 

Biggs,  Noah.  On  the  Vanity  of  the  Craft  of  Physic, 
or  a  new  Dispensatory ;  with  a  Motion  for  Refining  the 
Universities,  and  the  whole  Landscape  of  Physic,  and  dis 
covering  the  Terra  Incognita  of  Chymistry,  Lon.,  1651, 4to. 
This  author  does  not  seem  to  have  lacked  self-confidence. 

Biggs,  Richard.  Of  the  Truth,  Ac.,  Bath,  1770, 
12mo.  This  author  takes  to  task  Pope  and  his  doughty 
mastiff  defender,  Warburton. 

Biggs,  Wm.  Milt.  Hist,  of  Europe,  1739-48,  Lon., 
1755,  8vo. 

Bigland,  John,  d.  1832,  a  schoolmaster,  born  at  Skir- 
laugh  in  Holderness,  pub.  several  valuable  works.  Letters 
on  the  Study  and  Use  of  Ancient  and  Modern  History, 
Lon.,  1804,  12mo. 

"  Mr.  Bigland  displays  in  this  volume  a  well-cultivated  and 
comprehensive  mind.  His  style  is  generally  correct ;  his  informa 
tion  is  extensive,  and  the  many  pertinent  remarks  and  inferences 
•with  which  he  has  enriched  this  summary  of  general  history,  meet 
our  cordial  approbation." — Lon.  Monthly  Review. 

"We  are  well  pleased  with  this  publication.  It  is  a  useful  un 
dertaking,  well  executed."— British  Critic. 

"  This  little  historic  digest,  collected  from  most  unexceptionable 
authors,  is  executed  with  great  neatness  and  propriety." — Lon. 
Critical  Review. 

"  He  has  suffered  no  opportunity  to  escape  him  of  blending  re 
ligious  and  moral  lessons  with  his  instructions,  and  he  deserves 
the  highest  praise  for  the  total  exclusion  of  all  indelicate  expres 
sions." — Anti-Jacobin  Rev. 

Letters  on  Natural  History,  exhibiting  a  View  of  the 
Power,  Wisdom,  and  Goodness  of  the  Deity,  <fec.,  Lon., 
1806,  8vo. 

"  We  recommend  our  young  readers  to  peruse  the  present  work 
as  a  compilation  of  very  useful  and  entertaining  information." 

The  History  of  Spain  to  1809,  Lon.,  1810,  2  vols.  8vo. 

"  The  author  has  produced  a  pleasing  and  useful  work." — Lon. 
Eclectic  Review. 

Essays  on  Various  Subjects,  Doncaster,  1805, 2  vols.  8vo. 

"These  essays  are  marked  by  a  philosophical  and  unprejudiced 
spirit  of  investigation  on  all  subjects." — Annual  Review. 

"  They  contain  much  good  sense,  expressed  in  neat  and  perspi 
cuous  language.'' — British  Critic. 

A  System  of  Geography  and  History. 

"  A  very  pleasing  picture  of  the  past  and  present  state  of  man 
kind,  &c." — London  Critical  Review. 

Bigland,  Ralph,  1711-1784,  Garter  Principal  King 
at  Arms,  was  a  native  of  Westmoreland.  Observations  on 
Marriages,  Baptisms,  and  Burials,  as  preserved  in  Pa 
rochial  Registers. 

"  A  very  curious  book,  containing  much  valuable  information 
for  the  genealogist." 

He  made  large  collections  for  a  history 

"Rather  of  the  Inhabitants  of  Gloucestershire  than  of  the  Shire 
itself," 

A  portion  of  which  was  pub.  by  his  son  RICHARD  BIG- 
LAND,  Esq.,  in  1792.  See  Nichols's  Literary  Anecdotes. 

Bigland,  Richard.     See  above. 

Bigland,  Wm.  The  Mechanics'  Guide,  Lon.,  1795,  Svo. 

Biglow,  William,  1773-1844,  b.  at  Natick,  Massa 
chusetts.  History  of  the  Town  of  Natick,  Massachusetts. 
from  1650  to  the  Present  Time;  and  also  of  Sherburne, 
Mass.,  from  its  Incorporation  to  the  End  of  the  Year 
1830,  Bost.,  1830,  Svo.  He  contributed  articles  in  prose 
and  verse  to  many  of  the  journals  of  the  day. 

Bignell,  Henry,  1611-1660?  an  English  clergyman, 
was  educated  at  Brasenose  College,  and  St.  Mary's  Hall, 
Oxford.  The  Son's  Portion,  Lon.,  1640,  Svo.  English 
Proverbs,  Ac.  Wood  gives  any  thing  but  a  flattering  pic 
ture  of  this  author. 

Bigot,  (Tanner,)  Bagot,  (Strype,)  Bygod,  (Wood,) 
Sir  Francis,  pub.  A  Treatise  concerning  Impropriations 
of  Benefices,  Lon.,  1571(?)  4to,  and  1646,  4to. 

"  The  author's  purpose  was  chiefly  bent  against  the  monasteries, 
who  had  unjustly  gotten  very  many  parsonages  into  their  pos 
session,  as  it  had  been  complained  of  long  before  his  time,  especially 
by  Dr.  Thos.  Gascoigne,  a  Yorkshire  man  born.  The  said  Bygod 
translated  also  divers  Latin  books  into  English,  which  I  have  not 
yet  seen.''— Athen.  Oxon. 


Bigsby,  R.  Old  Places  Revisited,  or  the  Antiquarian 
Enthusiast,  3  vols.  Lon.,  1851,  Svo.  An  interesting  work 
on  the  Antiquities,  Manners,  Customs,  and  Persons  of  Old 
England,  illust.  by  Anecdotes.  Poems  and  Essays,  Svo. 

Bill,  Anna.  Mirror  of  Modestie,  Lon.,  1621,  Svo; 
prefixed  is  a  portrait  of  Anna  Bill,  followed  by  Verses  to 
her  Memory,  Bindley,  £3  16s. 

Billing,  Robert.     Carrots  for  Cattle,  Lon.,  1765,  8vo. 

Billing,  Sidney.  A  Practical  Treatise  on  the  Law 
of  Awards  and  Arbitrations,  <fcc.,  Lon.,  1845,  Svo. 

"  As  far  as  our  means  of  judging  go,  we  think  Mr.  Billing  has 
executed  his  task  with  great  ability  and  success,  and  has  given  a 
useful  work  to  the  profession." 

Billinghurst, George.  Legal  Treatises,Lon.,1674-76. 

Billings,  Joseph,  Commodore.  Expedition  to  the 
Northern  Parts  of  Russia,  Lon.,  1802,  4to.  Written  by 
Martin  Sauer;  another  account  was  pub.  in  Russian  by 
Captain  Saretschewya. 

Billings,  Peter.     Folly  Predominant,  1755. 

Billings,  R.  W.  Baronial  and  Ecclesiastical  Anti 
quities  of  Scotland,  4  vols.  4to,  with  240  engravings  by 
Finden  and  others,  pub.  at  £8  8s. ;  large  paper,  £12  12s., 
Edinburgh,  1851. 

"The  first  work  which,  either  in  point  of  extent  or  of  style,  has 
any  claim  to  be  regarded  as  a  collection  worthy  of  the  remains  yet 
spared  to  Scotland ;  and  the  plates  are  large  enough  to  admit  of 
the  distinct  delineation  of  minute  peculiarities.  Mr.  Billings  is  a 
masterly  draughtsman,  well  skilled  in  the  history  and  characteris 
tics  of  architectural  style,  having  an  excellent  eye  for  perspective, 
and  uniting  scrupulous  fidelity  to  good  taste  and  knowledge  of 
effect.  His  engravings  do  him  justice,  and  altogether  nothing  can 
be  more  satisfactory  than  his  representations." — Lon.  Qvar.  Rev. 

Architecture  of  Carlisle  Cathedral,  1839,  4to.  Do.  Dur 
ham  Cathedral,  1844,  4to.  Do.  Durham  County,  4to. 
Do.  Kettering  Church,  4to.  Do.  Temple  Church,  4to. 
Geometrical  Projection  of  Gothic  Architecture,  1840,  4to. 
Gothic  Panelling  in  Brancepeth  Church,  4to.  Do.  Carlisle 
Cathedral,  1841,  4to.  Infinity  of  Geometric  Design  Exem 
plified,  1849,  4to.  Power  of  Form  applied  to  Geometric 
Tracery,  r.  Svo. 

Billingsley.     Sermons,  1716-1741. 

Billingsley,  Sir  Henry,  d.  1606,  a  mnthematician. 
educated  at  Oxford,  and  Lord  Mayor  of  London  in  the  reign 
of  Elizabeth,  studied  mathematics  under  Mr.  Whitehead, 
who  resided  in  his  house  for  many  years.  Sir  Henry  pub. 
a  translation  of  Euclid  into  English,  in  which  he  incorpo 
rated  the  valuable  MS.  notes  of  his  deceased  friend  and 
preceptor;  Lon.,  1570,  fol.  To  this  work  Dr.  John  Dee 
prefixed  a  learned  introduction. 

Billingsley,  John.  Strong  Comfort  for  Weak  Chris 
tians,  Lon.,  1656,  4to.  Other  works. 

Billingsley,  John.  Sermons,  1700-27.  25  Sermons 
against  Popery,  Lon.,  1723,  8vo. 

"  His  discourses  are  solid  and  judicious,  the  result  of  mature 
thought  and  diligent  preparation." — WILSON. 

He  wrote  the  Exposition  of  Jude  in  the  continuation  of 
Henry's  Commentary. 

Billingsley,  John.  General  View  of  the  Agriculture 
of  the  County  of  Somerset,  Bath,  1798,  Svo. 

"  This  has  been  justly  reckoned  a  superior  work  of  the  kind." — 
Donaldson's  Agricult.  Biog. 

Billingsley,  Martin.  Pen's  Excellencie,  or  the 
Secretary's  Delight,  Lon.,  1641,  4to.  A  Copy  Book,  1623. 

Billingsley,  Nicholas.  Brachy-Martyrologia,  or 
a  Breviary  of  all  the  greatest  Persecutions  which  have 
befallen  the  Saints  and  People  of  God  from  the  Creation 
to  our  present  time;  paraphrased,  Lon.,  1657,  Svo. 

"It  can  serve  indeed  as  little  more  than  an  Index  to  copious 
works  on  the  same  subject;  but  such  an  index  is  not  without  its 
value,  from  having  a  chronological  arrangement." — Restituta, 
iv.  454. 

The  Infancy  of  the  World,  Lon.,  1658,  Svo. 

See  British  Bibliographer,  ii.  643,  and  Restituta,  iv.  454,  458. 

Billingsley  also  pub.  Treasury  of  Divine  Raptures,  Lon., 
1667,  Svo,  and  some  other  works.  See  Bibl.  Anglo-Poe- 
tica,  52,  53,  54,  where  the  above  works  are  priced  £3  3*., 
£3  10s.,  and  £3  3s. 

Billingsley,  Nicholas.  Theolog.  and  Biograph. 
works,  Lon.,  1717,  '21,  '28. 

Billington,  Rev.  Linus  W.,  b.  1802,  in  New  Jer 
sey.  Review  of  Davis's  Revelations,  <fec. 

Billyns.  Five  Wounds  of  Christ,  a  Poem  from  an 
ancient  Parchment  Roll.  Published  by  W.  Bateman, 
Manchester,  1814,  4to.  Black  Letter,  with  fac-similes, 
25  copies  printed. 

Bilson,  Thomas,  1536-1616,  a  native  of  Winchester, 
was  educated  at  the  school  of  that  place,  and  in  1565  ad 
mitted  perpetual  Fellow  of  New  College,  Oxford.  He  was 
Master  of  Winchester  School,  Prebendary  of  the  Cathe 
dral,  and  afterwards  Warden  of  the  College  in  the  same 


BIL 

city.  He  was  made  Bishop  of  Worcester  in  1596,  and  in 
1597  was  translated  to  Winchester.  The  True  Difference 
between  Christian  Subjection  and  Unchristian  Rebellion, 
Oxf.,  1585,  4to.  This  work  was  directed  against  the  sup 
posed  political  principles  of  the  Romanists,  and  vindicated 
the  supremacy  of  Queen  Elizabeth,  and  her  interference  in 
favour  of  the  Protestants  of  the  Low  Countries. 

"  This  book,  which  served  her  design  for  the  present,  did  contri 
bute  much  to  the  ruin  of  her  successor,  K.  Ch.  I.  ...  To  justify 
the  revolt  of  Holland.  Bilson  gave  strange  liberty  in  many  cases, 
especially  concerning  religion,  for  subjects  to  cast  off  their  obedi 
ence.  .  .  .  There  is  not  any  book  that  the  Presbyterians  have  made 
more  dangerous  use  of  against  their  prince,  (Ch.  I.,)  than  that 
which  his  predecessor  commanded  to  be  written  to  justify  her 
against  the  King  of  Spain."— Athen.  Oxon. 

The  Perpetual  Gouernment  of  Christe's  Church,  <fcc., 
Lon.,  1593,  1610,  4to.  In  Latin,  1611,  4to.  This  is  con 
sidered  one  of  the  best  arguments  for  Episcopacy.  A  new 
edit.,  with  a  Biog.  notice  by  Rev.  Robert  Eden,  Oxf., 
1842,  8vo. 

The  Effect  of  Certaine  Sermons,  touching  the  Full  Re 
demption  of  Mankind  by  the  Death  and  Blood  of  Christ 
Jesus,  &c.,  Lon.,  1598,  8vo. 

"These  sermons,  preached  at  Paul's  Cross,  made  great  alarm 
among  the  puritanical  brethren." — WOOD. 

Henry  Jacob  answered  it,  and  Bilson  replied  in  The 
Survey  of  Christ's  Sufferings  for  Man's  Redemption,  Ac., 
Lon.,  1604,  fol.  Repub.  in  Tracts  of  Ang.  Fathers,  ii.  73. 
Sermon  on  Rom.  xiii.  4;  Lon.,  1604,  8vo. 

"The  care  of  revising  and  putting  the  last  hand  to  the  new 
translation  of  the  English  Bible  in  King  James  1st  reign,  was 
committed  to  our  author,  and  to  Dr.  Miles  Smith,  afterwards 
Bishop  of  Gloucester." 

"  He  was  as  reverend  and  learned  a  prelate  as  England  ever  af 
forded,  a  deep  and  profound  scholar,  exactly  read  in  Ecclesiastical 
authors."— WOOD. 

"An  excellent  civilian,  and  a  very  great  scholler."— SIR  AN 
THONY  WELDON. 

"  A  deep  and  profound  scholar,  excellently  well  read  in  the 
fathers."— FULLER. 

"  A  very  grave  man ;  and  how  great  a  divine,  if  any  one  knows 
not,  let  him  consult  his  learned  writings."— BISHOP  GOODWIN. 

"I  find  but  foure  lines  (in  Bishop  Goodwin's  book)  concerning 
him;  and  if  I  should  give  him  his  due,  in  proportion  to  the  rest, 
I  should  spend  fbure  leaves."— SIR  JOHN  HARRINGTON.      See  Chal 
mers's  B.D.;  Biog.  Brit.;  Athen.  Oxon.;  Harrington's  Brief  View. 
Bilstone,  John.    Sermons,  1749-63. 
Binck,  James.     Collectio  de  xxxii.  Iconibus  Deorum 
BC  Dearum  Gentilium  aere  incisis,  1530,  fol.  A  scarce  work. 
Binckes,  Wm.    Sermons,  &c.,  1702-10. 
Bindley,  James,  Senior  Commissioner  of  the  Stamp 
Office.    Statutes  Relating  to  the  Stamp  Duties,  Lon.,  1775, 
4to.     This  gentleman  is  the  LEONTES  celebrated  by  Dr. 
Dibdin  in  his  Bibliomania,   and  in  the  Bibliographical 
Decameron.     He  was  noted  for  knowledge  of  books  and 
his  valuable  Library.     Mr.  John  Nichols  paid  him  a  de 
served  compliment  by  dedicating  to  him  the  most  valuable 
collection  of  literary  treasures  in  the  language — Nichols's 
Literary  Anecdotes.     See  NICHOLS,  JOHN. 

To  the  1st  edit,  of  this  work  Mr.  Bindley  was  a  con 
tributor. 

"  LISARDO.  Gratify  a  curiosity  that  I  feel  to  know  the  name  and 
character  of  yonder  respectably-looking  gentleman,  in  the  dress  of 
the  old  school,  who  is  speaking  in  so  gracious  a  manner  to  Ber 
nardo. 

"  'Tis  LEONTES  :  a  man  of  taste,  and  an  accomplished  antiquary. 
Even  yet  he  continues  to  gratify  his  favourite  passion  for  book 
and  print  collecting ;  although  his  library  is  at  once  choice  and 
copious,  and  his  collection  of  prints  exquisitely  fine.  .  .  .  Like 
Atticus  [Richard  Heber,  Esq.]  he  is  liberal  in  the  loan  of  his  trea 
sures;  and,  as  with  him,  so  'tis  with  Leontes — the  spirit  of  book- 
collecting  '  assumes  the  dignity  of  a  virtue.'  Peace  and  comfort 
lie  the  attendant  spirits  of  Leontes,  through  life  and  in  death:  the 
happiness  of  a  better  world  await  him  beyond  the  grave!  His 
memory  will  always  be  held  in  reverence  by  honest  biblioma 
niacs." — Bibliomania,  ed.  1842, 133. 

Some  six  years  later.  Dibdin  again  notices  this  worthy 
character : 

"  Dear  as  the  ruddy  drops  that  warm  my  heart  are  the  name 
and  the  virtues  of  Leontes!  That  excellent  and  venerable  cha 
racter  yet  lives;  lives  in  the  increased  estimation  of  his  long-tried 
friends,  and  in  the  very  plenitude  and  zenith  of  bibliomaniacal 
reputation.  Can  human  felicity  go  beyond  this?  Rich  in  'good 
works'  as  well  as  in  good  books.  .  .  .  Gaze  therefore  with  respect 
and  admiration  upon  the  numerous  and  well-selected  tomes  of 
which  the  library  of  the  venerable  gentleman  is  composed ;  and 
wish  that  he  who  knows  how  to  make  such  an  excellent  use  of 
them,  may  yet  live  to  complete  his  term  of  a  '  thousand  years.'" — 
Bibliographical  Decameron,  Hi.  26,  412. 

Binfield,  Wm.  Travels  and  Adventures,  2  vols. 
Lon.,  1753. 

Bingham,  Caleb,  of  Boston,  Massachusetts,  was 
author  of  the  Hunters ;  Young  Lady's  Accidence,  1789 : 
Epistolary  Correspondence ;  The  Columbian  Orator. 

Bingham,  George,  1715-1800,  a  native  of  Dorset, 
was  educated  at  Westminster,  and  Christ  Church,  Oxford 


BIN 

Being  elected  Fellow  of  All  Souls'  College,  he  formed  an 
ntimacy  with  William  (afterwards  Sir  William)  Black- 
stone,  who  assisted  him  in  the  preparation  of  his  Stem- 
mata  Chicheliana.  His  principal  works  are  a  Vindication 
of  the  Doctrine  and  Liturgy  of  the  Church  of  England, 
Oxf.,  1774,  8vo.  This  was  occasioned  by  Mr.  T.  Lindsey's 
Apology  for  Quitting  his  Living,  Lon.,  1774,  8vo.  An 
Essay  on  the  Millennium,  <fcc.,  Lon.,  1804,  2  vols.  8vo,  and 
Essays,  Disputations,  and  Sermons,  to  which  are  prefixed 
Memoirs  of  the  Author's  Life,  by  Peregrine  Bingham,, 
1804,  2  vols.  8vo.  These  four  vols.  were  pub.  by  his  son. 
Also  see  Biographical  Anecdotes  of  the  Rev.  John  Bing 
ham,  being  part  of  the  Bib.  Top.  Brit.,  reprinted,  with  ad 
ditions,  1813,  4to,  and  fol. 

"  It  has  been  justly  remarked  to  his  honour  and  credit,  that  he 
never  made  an  acquaintance  by  whom  he  was  not  highly  respected, 
or  formed  an  intimacy  that  was  not  permanent." 

Bingham,  Joseph,  1668-1723,  the  celebrated  author 
of  Origines  Ecclesiasticae,  was  a  native  of  Wakefield  in 
Yorkshire.  In  1684  he  was  admitted  a  member  of  Uni 
versity  College,  Oxford.  He  took  the  degree  of  B.  A. 
in  1688,  M.  A.  in  1691.  He  was  elected  Fellow  of  his 
College  in  1689.  By  the  kindness  of  the  eminent  Dr. 
Radcliffe  he  was  presented,  upon  resignation  of  his  fel 
lowship,  to  the  rectory  of  Headbourn-Worthy  in  Hamp 
shire,  with  about  £100  a  year.  Some  six  or  seven  years 
after  this  event  he  married  a  daughter  of  Richard  Pococke, 
grandfather  of  the  celebrated  author  of  the  Description  of 
the  East.  Feeling  the  great  want  which  existed  of  a  good 
work  upon  Ecclesiastical  Antiquities,  Bingham  determined 
to  endeavour  to  supply  the  void.  His  disadvantages  were 
great :  ill  health,  large  family,  small  means,  and  almost 
without  books.  Fortunately  the  latter  want  was  supplied 
by  his  opportunity  of  access  to  the  excellent  library  of  the 
cathedral  church  of  Winchester,  the  bequest  of  Bishop 
Morley. 

"  Even  this  was  deficient  in  many  works  to  which  he  had  occa 
sion  to  refer ;  and  yet  when  we  turn  to  the  Index  Anctorum  at 
the  end  of  his  work,  we  shall  perhaps  be  astonished  at  the  vast 
number  of  books  which  he  appears  to  have  consulted.  But  to 
such  straits  was  he  driven  for  want  of  books,  that  he  frequently 
procured  imperfect  copies  at  a  cheap  rate,  and  then  employed  a 
portion  of  that  time,  of  which  so  small  a  portion  was  allotted  him, 
and  which  therefore  could  so  ill  be  so  spared,  in  the  tedious  task 
of  transcribing  the  deficient  pages ;  instances  of  which  are  still  in 
being,  and  serve  as  memorials  of  his  indefatigable  industry  on 
all  occasions." 

The  author  remarks  : 

"  I  confess  that  this  work  will  suffer  something  in  my  hands 
for  want  of  several  books,  which  I  have  no  opportunity  to  see,  nor 
ability  to  purchase.  The  chief  assistance  I  have  hitherto  had  is 
from  the  noble  benefaction  of  one,  who  being  dead,  yet  speaketh ;  I 
mean  the  renowned  Bishop  Morley." 

He  pub.  the  1st  vol.  (Origines  Ecclesiasticae,  or  the  An 
tiquities  of  the  Christian  Church)  in  1708,  and  the  10th 
and  last  in  1722,  8vo.  Whole  works,  1726,  2  vols.  fol. 
Translated  into  Latin,  with  the  words  of  the  quotations 
given  by  Grischovius,  Hallae,1724-29,  and  again  in  1751. 

"The  author  left  MS.  corrections,  which  were  incorporated  in 
an  edition  edited  by  his  great-grandson,  in  8  vols.  8vo,  1829.  Two 
editions  have  since  that  date  appeared  under  the  able  editorship 
of  the  Rev.  J.  R.  Pitman,  in  which  the  passages  referred  to  are 
given  in  the  original  words.  The  Rev.  Richard  Bingham,  son  of 
the  former  editor,  has  prepared  an  edition  which,  when  published, 
will  be  of  great  importance,  as  he  has  verified  all  the  quotations, 
some  of  which  had  escaped  the  research  of  Grischovius  and  Mr. 
Pitman.  An  edition  of  the  Ecclesiastical  Antiquities  only,  as  it 
originally  appeared,  is  in  print,  in  2  vols.  imperial  8vo." — Darling's 
Cyc.  Bibliographica. 

It  is  an  interesting  bibliographical  incident  that  the 
valuable  labours  of  Mr.  Bingham  should  be  revised  by  his 
great-great-grandson  after  a  lapse  of  130  years.  Mr.  Bing 
ham  also  wrote :  The  French  Church's  Apology  for  the 
Church  of  England,  <fec.,  Lon.,  1706,  8vo.  A  Scholastical 
History  of  Lay  Baptism,  two  parts,  Lon.,  1712,  2  vols.  8vo. 
A  Discourse  concerning  the  Mercy  of  God  to  Penitent  Sin 
ners  ;  and  a  Discourse  on  Absolution,  in  his  Works,  2  vols. 
fol.,  1726. 

Before  the  publication  of  vols.  ix.  and  x.  of  his  Origines, 
Mr.  Bingham  was  sorely  tried  by  the  conduct  of  a  Mr.  A. 
Blackamore,  who  pub.  in  1722,  2  vols.  8vo,  A  Summary  of 
Christian  Antiquities,  <&c.,  which  Mr.  Bingham  declared  to 
be,  for  the  most  part,  an  abridgment  of  the  8  vols.  upon 
which  he  had  bestowed  "Twenty  years'  hard  labour." 
He  thus  discourses  upon  the  matter  in  the  preface  to  vols. 
ix.  and  x.  : 

"  When  I  had  finished  these  two  volumes,  and  completed  the 
whole  work  that  I  intended,  and  sent  it  to  the  press,  hoping  to  give 
myself  a  little  rest  and  vacation  from  hard  labour,  I  was  immedi 
ately  called  to  a  new  work  by  a  book  that  was  sent  me,  bearing 
the  title  of  Ecclesia  Primitive  Notitia  in  a  Summary  of  Christian 
Antiquities.  To  which  is  prefixed  an  Index  Hrereticus,  contain 
ing  a  short  account  of  all  the  principal  heresies  since  the  rise  of. 


BIN 


BIN 


Christianity ;  and  subjoined  A  Brief  Account  of  the  Eight  First  | 
General  Councils,  dedicated  to  the  venerable  Society  for  Propagat 
ing  the  Gospel  in  Foreign  Parts,  by  A.  Blackamore,  in  two  volumes 
8vo,  Lon.,  1722.     I  confess,  I  was  very  much  surprised  at  first  with 
the  title  and  epistle  dedicatory,  thinking  it  to  be  some  new  work, 
that  had  done  some  mighty  thing,  either  in  correcting  my  mistakes,  : 
or  supplying  my  deficiencies,  after  twenty  years'  hard  labour  in  > 
compiling  my  Origines  for  the  use  of  the  church.     But  as  soon  as  j 
I  looked  into  the  preface,  and  a  little  into  the  book  itself,  I  found  ; 
it  to  be  only  a  transcript  of  some  part  of  my  Origines,  under  the 
notion  of  an  epitome,  though  no  such  thing  is  said  in  the  title-  I 
page    ...  If  he  had  done  it  in  a  genteel  way,  by  asking  leave,  ; 
and  under  direction,  he  should  have  had  my  leave  and  encourage-  | 
ment  also.    Or  if  he  had  done  it  usefully,  so  as  truly  to  answer 
the  end  he  pretends,  even  without  leave,  he  should  have  my  par 
don.    But  now  he  has  defeated  his  own  design,  both  by  unneces 
sary  and  hurtful  additions  of  his  own,  which  will  not  only  incom 
mode  and  encumber  his  books,  but  render  them  dangerous  and 
pernicious  to  unwary  readers,  unless  timely  antidoted  and  cor 
rected  by  some  more  skilful  hand.    For  which  reason,  since  they 
are  sent  into  the  world  together  with  an  abstract  of  my  Antiqui 
ties,  I  have  thought  it  just  both  to  the  world  and  myself  to  make 
some  proper  animadversions  on  them." 

The  justly  indignant  author  then  proceeds  in  a  long 
bill  of  indictments  to  substantiate  his  charge.  The  griev 
ance  complained  of  was  one  to  which  all  authors  are 
liable,  and  the  more  meritorious  their  productions  the 
greater  the  risk.  Mr.  Pitman's  last  edit.,  referred  to  be 
fore,  was  pub.  in  1840,  in  9  vols.  8vo.  (See  preceding  no 
tice  of  forthcoming  edition,  by  the  Rev.  Richard  Bingham.) 

To  those  unacquainted  with  the  value  of  the  work,  it 
may  be  useful  to  give  an  analysis  of  the  Twenty-three 
Books,  of  which  the  Antiquities  is  composed : 

1.  Of  Christianity  in  general;  the  Names  and  Orders  of 

both  Clergy  and  Laity. 

2.  The  Laws  of  the  First  Councils. 

3.  Of  the  Inferior  Clerical  Laws. 

4.  Of  the  Election  and  Ordination  of  the  Clergy;  Quali 

fications,  <fec. 

5.  Clerical  Privileges,  Immunities,  and  Revenues. 

6.  The  Laws  and  Rules  of  their  Lives,  Services,  Beha 

viour,  <fcc. 

7.  Of  the  Ascetics. 

8.  Of  their  Councils,  Churches,  &c. 

9.  Of  the  Divisions  into  Provinces,  Dioceses,  and  Pa 

rishes  ;  with  the  Origin  of  these  Divisions. 

10.  Of  the  Catechisms,  and  first  use  of  Creeds. 

11.  On  the  Administration  of  Baptism. 

12.  On  Confirmation. 

13.  Of  Divine  Worship  in  the  Ancient  Congregations. 

14.  Of  the  Service  of  the  Catechumens. 

15.  Of  the  Communion  Service. 

16.  Of  the  Unity  and  Discipline  of  the  Church. 

17.  Of  the  Exercise  and  Discipline  among  the  Clergy. 

18.  Of  the  Penitential  Laws  and  Rules  for  doing  Public 

Penance. 

19.  Of  Absolution. 

20.  On  the  Festivals. 

21.  On  the  Fasts. 

22.  On  tbe  Marriage  Rites. 

23.  On  the  Funeral  Rites. 

With  Four  Dissertations.  In  the  first  three,  those  things 
only  briefly  described  in  his  Antiquities  are  more  fully  ex 
plained.  In  the  fourth,  he  defends  the  English  Homilies, 
Liturgy,  and  Canons,  from  domestic  adversaries,  particu 
larly  the  French  Reformers. 

The  following  testimonies,  selected  from  numerous 
others  which  could  be  adduced,  will  serve  to  show  the  es 
timation  in  which,  he  is  generally  held  by  all  parties  : 

Auguste,  in  his  Introduction  to  Handbuch  der  ChristU- 
chdn  Archaologie,  p.  11,  (Leipzig,  1836,)  says,  after  having 
spoken  of  some  unsatisfactory  works,  "  But  the  English 
Clergyman,  Joseph  Bingham,  remarkable  for  his  profound 
learning,  and  his  spirit  of  unprejudiced  inquiry,  was  the 
first  who  published  a  complete  Archaeology,  and  one  wor 
thy  of  the  name.  His  Origines  or  Christian  Antiquities 
first  appeared  in  London,  1708-22,  in  10  parts,  8vo.  Un 
doubtedly,  the  Latin  translation  by  J.  H.  Grischovius  has 
very  much  contributed  to  the  general  spread  of  this  clas 
sical  work.  While  Bingham  was  still  living,  a  country 
man  of  his  own,  A.  Blackamore,  prepared  an  abridgment 
under  the  title  of  Summary  of  Christian  Antiquities,  Lon., 
1722,  with  which  Bingham  was  much  displeased,  it  being 
published  as  an  original  work.  At  a  later  period  another 
abridgment  appeared  by  an  anonymous  Roman  Catholic 
Theologian;  J.  Bingbam's  Christian  Antiquities,  an  abridg 
ment  from  tbe  English  edition,  Augsburg,  1788-96.  The 
•work  also  called  Lucii  Paleotimi  Antiquitatum  S.  Origi- 
num  Ecclesiasticarum  summa,  Venet.,  1766,  is  nothing 
more  than  an  abridgment  of  Bingham's  work,  the  useful- 
nes'}  of  which  for  both  confessions  is  strongly  indicated 
190 


by  these  repeated  abridgments  of  it,  as  well  as  by  the 
manifold  use  of  it  made  in  other  writings." 

"Most  strongly  and  vehemently  do  I  recommend  Bingham's 
Antiquities  of  the  Christian  Church;  he  justly  ranks  among  our 
brightest  church  luminaries.  Jortin  knew  the  value  of  his  labours ; 
Gibbon  stole  from  them,  and  they  have  been  translated  and  reve 
renced  all  over  the  Continent." — DIBDIN. 

"  Opus  ipsum  Binghami  tarn  egregium  est,  ut  merito  inter  libros 
quibus  Antiquitates  Ecclesiastics  universe  enarratse  sunt,  prin- 
cipatum  teneat,  sive  ad  rerum  copiam  atque  apparatum ;  sive  ad 
earum  explanationem  animum  advertere  veliinus.  Commendat 
illud  se  adcuratiori  ordine,  argumentis  solidis ;  sive  testimoniis, 
quae  ex  ipsis  fontibus  hausta  ac  diligenter  adducta  sunt,  perspicui- 
tate  atque  aliis  virtutibus.  Ac  quamvis  auctor,  iis  addictus,  qui 
in  Anglia  pro  episcoporurn  auctoritate  pugnant,  ad  horum  senten- 
tias  veteris  ecclesice  instituta  trahat ;  animi  tamen  moderationem, 
quum  in  his  rebus  versatur,  ostendit  ac  si  quse  corrigenda  sunt." 
— WALCHII  :  Biblioiheca  Thealogica,  vol.  iii.  p.  671. 

The  Lon.  Quarterly  Review,  in  an  article  on  Christian  Burial, 
says :  "  This  is  traced  by  Bingham  with  his  usual  erudition ;"  and 
in  speaking  of  psalmody  in  the  early  Christian  Church,  "  of  this 
Bingham  produces  abundant  evidence."  And  again,  in  an  article 
on  the  Architecture  of  Early  Christian  Churches,  "  much  informa 
tion  on  this  subject  is  collected  in  the  Origines  Ecclesiastics  of 
Bingham,  a  writer  who  does  equal  honour  to  the  English  clergy 
and  to  the  English  nation,  and  whose  learning  is  to  be  equalled 
only  by  his  moderation  and  impartiality." — Vols.  xxi.  xxvii.  xxviii. 
"  Let  Bingham  be  consulted  where  he  treats  of  such  matters  as 
you  meet  with,  that  have  any  difficulty  in  them." — Dr.  Water- 
land's  Advice  to  a  Young  Student. 

"  This  is  an  invaluable  Treatise  of  Christian  Antiquities,  and 
deserves  the  first  place  in  works  of  this  kind :  the  plan  and  the 
execution  do  equal  honour  to  the  learning  and  industry  of  the 
author."— ORME  :  Bibliotheca  Biblica. 

"A  vast  body  of  information  respecting  the  first  Christian 
Churches,  and  full  of  valuable  learning  on  the  Early  State  of  the 
Church."— BICKERSTETH. 

"  For  the  elucidation  of  the  Antiquities  of  the  Church,  we  can 
not  refer  to  a  higher  authority  than  that  of  Bingham.  Joseph 
Bingham  was  born  at  Wakefield,  in  Yorkshire,  September  1668, 
and  graduated  at  University  College,  Oxford,  1683.  He  was  pre 
sented  by  Dr.  Radcliffe  to  the  Rectory  of  Headbourn-Worthy, 
near  Winchester ;  and  there,  having  the  use  of  the  Cathedral  Li 
brary,  he  commenced  his  celebrated  work  Origines  Ecclesiasticse, 
or  the  Antiquities  of  the  Christian  Church." — Voice,  of  the  Church. 
It  is  also  recommended  to  be  studied  by  Bishops  Tom- 
line,  Randolph,  and  Coleridge ;  by  Dr.  Burton,  and  in  the 
Tracts  for  the  Times  published  at  Oxford. 

"  He  who  seeks  for  information  upon  any  ecclesiastical  subject, 
will  be  almost  sure  to  find  it  in  Bingham's  Antiquities."— BISHOP 
SHORT. 

Bingham,  Joseph,  second  son  of  the  preceding,  of 
Corpus  Christi  College,  Oxford,  died  when  he 

"  Was  preparing  to  give  public  proofs  of  his  diligence,  having 
actually  printed  every  part,  except  the  title-page  and  preikce,  of  a 
very  valuable  edition  of  the  Theban  Story,  which  was  completed 
and  published  after  his  death." 

Bingham,  J.  Elliot,  Commander,  R.N.  A  Narra 
tive  of  the  Expedition  to  China,  [in  1840-42.] 

Bingham,  Peregrine*  Pains  of  Memory;  a  Poem, 
1811,  8vo.  See  BINGHAM,  GEORGE. 

Bingham,  Peregrine.  Reports  and  Legal  Treatises, 
1820-40.  Reports  in  the  C.  Pleas.  1822-34,  Lon.,  10  vols. 
roy.  8vo.  New  Cases  in  C.  P.  and  other  Courts,  1834-40, 
6  vols.  roy.  8vo. 

Bingham,  Richard.     Sermon,  &c.,  1789-1811. 
Bingham,    Richard,    great-grandson     of    Joseph 
Bingham,  edited  his  works,  8  vols.  Svo,  1829,  and  is  au 
thor  of  a  number  of  Discourses,  &c. 

Bingham,  Richard,  great-great-grandson  of  Joseph 
Bingbam,  revised  his  works. 

Bingham,  Thomas.  The  Triumph  of  Truth,  or 
Proofs  of  the  Authenticity  of  the  Bible,  Lon.,  1800. 

Bingham,  William,  a  senator  of  the  United  States, 
d.  1804,  aged  52.  In  1780  he  married  Miss  Willing  of 
Philadelphia;  bis  son  William  married  in  Montreal  in 
1822;  a  daughter  was  married  to  a  son  of  Sir  Francis 
Baring.  Mr.  B.  pub.  A  Letter  from  an  American  on  the 
subject  of  tbe  Restraining  Proclamation,  with  strictures 
on  Lord  Sheffield's  pamphlets,  1784.  Description  of  cer 
tain  Tracts  of  Land  in  the  District  of  Maine,  1793.  In 
this  year  Mr.  B.  purchased  more  than  two  millions  of  acres 
of  land  in  Maine,  at  an  eighth  of  a  dollar  per  acre,  or  for 
more  than  $250,000. — Allen's  Amer.  Biog.  Diet. 
Bingley,  William.  Sermon,  Lon.,  1694,  Svo. 
Bingley,  William.  Discontent  in  Ireland,  and 
Cause  of  the  Rebellion,  1799,  4to. 

Bingley,  William,  d.  1823,  a  native  of  Yorkshire, 
of  St.  Peter's  College,  Cambridge,  graduated  in  1799,  and 
took  holy  orders.  He  pub.  a  number  of  works,  1793-1818. 
We  notice  a  few  of  them:  North  Wales;  including  itf 
Scenery,  Antiquities,  Customs,  &c.,  delineated  from  two 
Excursions  in  1798  and  1801,  Lon.,  1804,  2  vols.  Svo. 

"We  have  no  hesitation  in  declaring  that  these  volumes  deserve 
to  be  ranked  among  the  best  performances  of  the  kind;  nor  will 


BIN 

any  one  hereafter  act  wisely  who  should  visit  North  Wales,  with 
out  making  them  his  companion."— British  Oritic. 

"The  language,  manners,  customs,  antiquities,  and  botany,  are 
particularly  attended  to,  and  well  described."— STEVENSON. 

Memoirs  of  British  Quadrupeds,  Ac.,  Lon.,  1809,  8vo. 
This  work  is  not  merely  a  compilatio'n  from  other  natu 
ralists,  but  a  great  portion  consists  of  original  observation 
and  anecdote. 

Animated  Nature,  1815,  8vo. 

"  When  we  reflect  on  the  quantity  of  useful  information  which 
Mr.  Bingley  has  contrived  to  reduce  within  such  a  limited  number 
of  pages  on  the  authentic  documents  from  which  he  has  abridged 
his  materials,  and  on  the  easy  comprehension  of  his  style  and 
manner,  we  cannot  hesitate  to  recommend  this  work  to  those 
persons  who  are  intrusted  with  the  education  of  the  young."— 
Lon.  Monthly  Review,  Oct.,  1816. 
Useful  Knowledge,  1816,  8vo. 

"  To  the  library  of  the  young  these  volumes  will  be  a  most  de 
sirable  addition."— British  Critic,  Sept.,  1817. 

Mr.  B.'s  Animal  Biography  is  one  of  the  most  enter 
taining  works  in  the  language. 

Binnell,  Robert.  Sermon,  1751,  8vo. 
Biiiney,  Amos,  M.D.,  1803-1847,  a  native  of  Boston, 
one  of  the  founders,  and,  at  the  time  of  his  death,  President, 
of  the  Boston  Soc.  of  Nat.  Hist.  His  writings  on  the  Land- 
Shells  of  America  are  to  be  found  in  the  proceedings  and 
journal  of  that  society.  Terrestrial  and  Air-Breathing 
Mollusks  of  the  United  States  and  Adjacent  Territories  of 
North  America,  Bost.,  1851,  3  vols.  8vo.  See  GOULD,  A.  A. 
Binney,  Rev.  Amos.  Theological  Compend.,  18mo. 
Binney,  Horace,  of  Philadelphia,  one  of  the  most 
eminent  of  American  lawyers.  Reports  of  Cases  argued 
and  determined  in  the  Supreme  Court  of  Pennsylvania 
from  1799  to  1814,  6  vols.  8vo,  Phila.,  1809-15.  Eulogium 
on  Chief-Justice  Tilghman,  1827,  8vo.  Eulogium  on  Chief- 
Justice  Marshall,  1836,  8vo.  Argument  in  the  Case  of 
Vidal  v.  the  City  of  Philadelphia,  1844,  8vo.  Murphy  v. 
Hubert,  Review  of  the  Opinion  of  the  Supreme  Court  that 
the  Pennsylvania  Act  of  Frauds  and  Perjuries  does  not 
extend  to  Equitable  Estates,  1848,  8vo.  Centennial  Ad 
dress  before  the  Philadelphia  Contributionship,  on  the 
History  and  Principles  of  that  Insurance  Company,  and 
of  Fire-Insurance  in  the  United  States,  1852,  8vo. 

Binney,  Thomas,  a  popular  Non-conformist 
preacher,  a  native  of  Newcastle-upon-Tyne,  has  pub.  a 
number  of  theological  and  other  works.  Closet  and  the 
Church ;  Four  Discourses  on  the  Christian  Ministry ;  Illus 
trations  of  the  Practical  Power  of  Faith;  Sermons  preached 
at  Weigh-House  Chapel:  Service  of  Song  in  the  House  of 
the  Lord;  Spirit  Admitted  to  the  Heavenly  House,  Ac.; 
Ultimate  Design  of  the  Christian  Ministry,  &c. 

"The  Illustrations  of  the  Practical  Power  of  Faith  are  evidently 
the  production  of  a  man  of  no  ordinary  talents,  and  display  con 
siderable  originality  of  thought  united  to  clear  and  simple  views 
of  scriptural  truth,  a  correct  taste,  and  a  heart  susceptible  of  all 
the  moral  inspiration  of  his  theme  and  office." — Lon.  JEclec.  Rev. 

Binney,  William  G.,  son  of  Amos  Binney,  M.D. 
Papers  on  American  Land-Shells,  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci., 
Phila.,  1857-58.  Edited  complete  writings  of  Thomas  Say 
on  the  Conchology  of  the  United  States,  with  a  copious 
Index  to  the  original  work,  N.  York,  1858,  8vo,  75  pi. 

Binning,  Hugh,  1627-1654,  a  native  of  Ayrshire, 
Scotland,  graduated  at  Glasgow,  where  he  was  appointed 
Professor  of  Moral  Philosophy  when  only  19.  The  Sin 
ner's  Sanctuary,  in  40  Sermons  upon  Romans  viii.,  Edin., 
1670,  4to.  Poetical  Catechism,  1671,  12mo.  Common 
Principles  of  the  Christian  Religion,  1672,  12mo.  Heart- 
Humiliation,  1676,  12mo.  Works  collected,  Edin.,  1735 
4to ;  again,  1768,  4to,  and  1839,  3  vols.  12mo. 

"  Binning  is  an  old  Scotch  writer  well  worth  reading.    A  teprinl 
of  his  valuable  works  would  be  advantageous." — BICKERSTETH. 
It  will  be  seen  that  a  new  edit,  has  been  pub.  recently. 
Binns,  Abraham.     Remarks  on  a  publication  enti 
tled  a  Serious  Admonition  to  the  Disciples  of  Thomas 
Paine  and  other  Infidels,  1796,  8vo. 

Binns,  John.  A  Digest  of  the  Laws  and  judicial  de 
cisions  of  Pennsylvania,  touching  the  authority  of  the 
Justices  of  the  Peace,  Phila.,  1840,  8vo ;  2d  ed.  pub.  in 
1845,  revised  and  enlarged,  under  the  title  of  Binns's  Ma 
gistrate's  Daily  Companion,  or  Magistrate's  Manual ;  again 
1850,  8vo.  Mr.  Binns  pub.  his  Autobiography  in  1855 
Phila.,  12mo. 

Binns,  Jonathan,  M.D.  Con.  to  Memoirs  Med.,  1795 
Binns,  Jonathan.     The  Miseries  and  Beauties  o: 
Ireland,  2  vols.  8vo. 

"  His  volumes  are  temperate,  sensible,  and  interesting :  he  has  felt 
PS  well  as  thoxight,  without  being  carried  away  by  that  violent  spirit 
of  partisanship  which  for  so  long  a  period  seemed  to  possess  itself  of 
every  one  who  wrote  concerning  the  Emerald  Isle." — Lon.  Athen. 

"An  excellent  book  both  for  interest  and  information."--  West- 
Viinster  Review. 


BIR 

Birbeck,  Chris.     Med.  Con.  to  Phil.  Trans.,  1701. 

Birch,  Rev.  Busby.     City  Latin,  1760,  8vo. 

Birch,  Charles.  Exposition  of  the  Collects  of  the 
Church  of  England,  2d  ed.,  Lon.,  1821,  12mo. 

Birch,  J.  F.     National  Defence,  1808,  8vo. 

Birch,  John,  Surgeon  Extraordinary  to  the  Prince 
>f  "Wales.  Professional  Treatises,  1779-1810. 

Birch,  John  B.  The  Cousins  of  Schiras;  trans, 
from  the  French,  1797,  2  vols.  12mo. 

Birch,  Peter,  b.  1652,  Prebendary  of  Westminster. 
Sermon  before  the  House  of*  Commons,  1689,  4to ;  ditto, 
1694,  4to. 

"  In  the  20th  page  of  which,  were  several  matters  running  thus, 

hich  caused  some  of  the  said  house,  as  'twas  then  reported,  to 
cry  out,  Ad  ignem!  '  Are  not  our  very  blessings  all  turned  into 
a  curse?  Our  boasted  freedom  is  now  only  a  liberty  to  bite  and 
devour  one  another,  &c.'  ...  On  the  20th  of  Feb.  following,  or 
;hereabout,  came  out  an  answer  to  the  said  sermon  entit.  A 
Birchen  Rod  for  Dr.  Birch.  .  .  .  This  answer,  wherein  are  many 
vile  things  against  King  Ch.  the  martyr,  was  supposed  then  to  be 
penn'd  by  the  author  of  A  Letter  from  Major  Gen.Ludlow  to  Sir 
B.  S.  (Seymour.")— Athen.  Oxc,n. 

Funeral  Sermon,  Lon.,  17QO,  4to. 

Birch,  Sampson.    Med.  Con.  to  Phil.  Trans.,  1683. 

Birch,  Samuel,  b.  1757,  a  public-spirited  London 
Alderman,  a  son-in-law  of  Dr.  John  Fordyce,  pub.  a  num 
ber  of  dramatic  and  other  works:  Consilia,  1785,  12mo. 
The  Mariners,  M.  E.,  1793.  The  Packet  Boat,  M.,  1794. 
The  Adopted  Child,  M.  D.,  1795.  The  Smugglers,  M.  D., 
1796.  Fast  Asleep,  M.  E.,  1797,  N.  P.  Albert  and  Ade 
laide,  Rom.,  1798,  N.  P.  Speeches,  1805-7,  8vo. 

"  Animated  in  the  cause  of  literature,  combined  with  benevo 
lence,  the  poetical  effusions  of  Mr.  Birch,  and  his  mode  of  reciting 
them,  have  frequently  called  forth  the  applause  of  the  members 
and  visitors  at  the  annual  meetings  of  the  LITERARY  FUND." — Biog. 
Dramat. 

Birch,  Thomas.     Sermons,  1720-29,  8vo. 

Birch,  Thomas,  D.D.,  1705-66,  a  native  of  Clerken- 
well,  received  his  education  at  Quaker  schools,  to  which 
persuasion  his  parents  were  attached.  He  was  ordained 
deacon  in  the  Church  of  England,  1730,  priest,  1731,  by 
the  Bishop  of  Salisbury,  the  celebrated  Dr.  Hoadly.  To 
the  friendship  of  this  divine,  he  was  no  doubt  indebted  for 
several  of  his  preferments.  He  was  Vicar  of  Ulting,  Es 
sex,  1734;  Rector  of  St.  Margaret  Pattens  with  St.  Ga 
briel,  Fenchurch-street,  London,  1746 ;  Secretary  to  the 
Royal  Society,  1752  ,•  Rector  of  Depden,  Essex,  1761.  Dr. 
Birch  was  an  industrious  writer,  as  is  evinced  by  his  nu 
merous  publications.  We  shall  notice  some  of  the  princi 
pal.  His  first  literary  undertaking  was  The  General  Dic 
tionary,  Historical  and  Critical,  "  in  which  a  new  and 
accurate  translation  of  that  of  the  celebrated  Mr.  Bayle, 
with  the  corrections  and  observations  printed  in  the  late 
edition  at  Paris,is  included,  and  interspersed  with  several 
thousand  lives  never  before  published,"  <fec.,  10  vols.  folio, 
Lon.,  1734-41.  In  this  laborious  enterprise  he  was  as 
sisted  by  the  Rev.  John  Peter  Bernard,  Mr.  John  Lock- 
man,  and  others.  The  articles  relating  to  Oriental  history 
were  allotted  to  Mr.  George  Sale,  who  was  admirably  qua 
lified  for  the  task.  This  Dictionary  is  certainly  one  of  the 
most  valuable  compends  of  knowledge  in  the  English  lan 
guage.  It  can  be  purchased  at  the  present  day  (1854)  for 
about  £7  to  £8.  The  editors  give 

"  Reflections  upon  such  passages  of  Mr.  Bayle  as  seem  to  favour 
skepticism  and  the  Manichee  system." 

Bayle's  faults  in  these  and  other  respects  are  well  known. 
Apart  from  such  objections,  he  is  a  delightful  companion, 
and  his  merits  have  been  widely  acknowledged  : 

"  He  is  the  only  man  that  ever  collected  with  so  much  judgment, 
and  wrote  with  so  much  spirit  at  the  same  time." — POPE  :  ^pence's 
Anecdotes. 

"  If  Bayle  wrote  his  Dictionary  to  empty  the  various  collections 
he  had  made  without  any  particular  design,  he  could  not  have 
chosen  a  better  plan.  By  the  double  freedom  of  a  Dictionary  of 
Notes,  he  could  pitch  on  what  articles  he  pleased,  and  say  what  he 
pleased  on  these  articles." — GIBBON. 

"Gibbon's  eulogy  of  Bayle  is  at  once  concise  and  just,  and  no 
one  read  him  or  loved  him  more  than  the  eulogist  himself.  Bayle 
was  a  man  of  immense  but  desultory  reading,  of  a  subtle  under 
standing,  and  of  indomitable  patience  and  industry.  His  Dic 
tionary  is  as  a  Cornucopia  of  flowers,  bright,  blooming,  and  caoti- 
vating."— DIBDIN. 

"  Bayle's  Dictionary  is  a  very  useful  work  for  those  to  consult 
who  love  the  Biographical  part  of  Literature,  which  is  what  I  love 
most." — DR.  JOHNSON. 

In  1742,  7  vols.  folio,  Dr.  Birch  published  Thurloe's 
Collection  of  State  Papers,  containing  Authentic  Memo 
rials  of  English  Affairs  from  1638  to  the  Restoration  of 
Charles  II. 

"  These  State  Papers  form  an  excellent  History  of  Europe  during 
this  period,  and  are  at  once  a  proof  of  Thurloe's  abilities  as  a  states 
man  and  excellence  as  a  writer." — GRANGER. 


Thurloe  was  secretary  to  Oliver  Cromwell. 


191 


BIR 


BIR 


The  Heads  of  Illustrious  Persons  of  Great  Britain,  with 
their  Lives  and  Characters,  2  vols.  fol.,  1743-52.  The  en 
gravings  are  by  Houbraken,  Gravelot,  and  Vertue,  from 
original  paintings.  The  1st  vol.  contains  80  heads,  the 
2d  vol.  28.  Large  paper  copies  have  been  sold  at  high 
prices;  Roxburghe,  £25  4s.;  Nassau,  £26  15*.  6d.;  Heath, 
£34  13*.  An  edition,  with  retouched  impressions  of  the 
plates,  appeared  in  1813,  on  small  and  large  paper. 

Life  of  the  Hon.  Robert  Boyle,  1741,  and  1744,  8vo.  Of 
the  last  ed.  a  copy  with  MS.  notes  by  the  author  is  in  the 
British  Museum ;  and  also  a^copy  with  his  MS.  notes  of 
his  Life  of  Archbishop  Tillotson,  Lon.,  1752.  8vo.  The 
Life  of  Boyle  contains  an  Appendix  of  Letters  from  Mr. 
John  Eliot  of  New  England  to  Mr.  Boyle,  relating  to  his 
services  in  the  propagation  of  the  Gospel  in  America,  with 
particulars  of  the  Indian  Bible ;  Letters  of  Gov.  Win- 
throp,  &c. 

Memoirs  of  the  reign  of  Queen  Elizabeth  from  the  year 
1581  till  her  death,  Lon.,  1754,  4to,  2  vols. 

'*  Dr.  Birch  has  formed  his  narrative  out  of  the  most  striking  facts 
in  the  numerous  letters  of  the  Bacon  Family,  though,  as  might  be 
expected,  the  letters  are  much  abbreviated." 

The  character  of  the  Earl  of  Essex,  the  Cecils,  Bacons, 
and  other  eminent  personages  of  the  time,  will  be  found 
portrayed  in  these  volumes.  Inquiry  into  the  share  which 
King  Charles  I.  had  in  the  transactions  of  the  Earl  of 
Glamorgan,  <fcc.,  Lon.,  1747,  8vo.  View  of  the  Negotia 
tion  between  England,  France,  and  Brussels  from  1592  to 
1617,  Lon.,  1749,  8vo.  Memoirs  of  Dr.  Ward,  1766.  Life 
of  Henry,  son  of  King  James  L,  1760,  8vo.  Letters, 
Speeches,  Charges,  Advices,  &c.,  of  Lord  Bacon,  1763,  8vo. 
Birch's  Life  of  Bacon  is  prefixed  to  the  edition  of  Bacon's 
Works,  1765,  4to,  5  vols. 

"  This  beautiful  and  accurate  edition  was  corrected  throughout 
by  the  Rev.  John  Gambold,  and  the  Latin  volumes  revised  by  Mr. 
Bowyer." — LOWNDES. 

History  of  the  Royal  Society  of  London,  Lon.,  1756,  4to, 
4  vols.  This  was  reviewed  by  Dr.  Johnson  in  the  Literary 
Magazine. 

Dr.  Birch  left  a  large  quantity  of  valuable  MSS.  to  the 
British  Museum,  and  there  has  been  lately  published  from 
them  The  Courts  and  Times  of  James  I.  and  Charles  I., 
4  vols.  8vo,  Lon.,  1848. 

"  In  it  will  be  found  many  important  particulars  of  English  His 
tory,  which  have  escaped  the  researches  of  every  historian,  even 
the  recent  ones  of  Mr.  Macaulay.  ...  In  its  illustrations  of  the 
literary  history  of  the  time  the  work  is  extremely  rich,  abounding 
in  anecdotes  of  Ben  Jonson,  Carew,  Wither,  Daniel,  the  Killigrews, 
Sir  Henry  Saville,  Sir  Robert  Cotton,  Camden,  the  brothers  Shir 
ley,  the  fiunous  travellers  Bacon,  Sir  Julius  Csesar,  Dr.  Donne,  Sir 
Henry  Wotton,  and  many  scholars  of  note,  both  at  home  and 
abroad.  Added  to  these  interesting  features,  the  work  contains 
notices  of  almost  every  person  of  celebrity  in  the  kingdom,  so  that 
there  is  scarcely  a  family  whose  members  have  figured  in  the  his 
tory  of  this  portion  of  the  seventeenth  century,  that  will  not  find 
in  these  volumes  some  reference  to  their  ancestors."  See  Biog. 
Brit.;  Chalmers's  Biog.  Diet.;  Nichols's  Lit.  Anecdotes. 

Birch,  Walter.     Sermons,  1809-16. 

Birch,  William.  Delices  de  la  Grande  Bretagne, 
Lon.,  1791,  oblong  4to. 

"  In  little  estimation." — LOWNDES. 

Songebetwene  the  Queue's  Majestic  and  Englande,  Lon., 
by  William  Pickeringe.  Reprinted  in  the  10th  vol.  Har- 
leian  MSS.  from  a  copy  in  the  Library  of  the  Society  of 
Antiquaries. 

Birchal,  John.    Funeral  Sermon,  York,  1644,  fol. 

Birchall,  Samuel.     Provincial  Copper  Coins,  1797. 

Birchedns.     See  BIRKHEAD,  HENRY. 

Birchensha,  John.    Divine  Verities,  Lon.,  1655, 4to. 

Birchington,  Brychington,  orBryckinton,  Ste 
phen,  d.  about  1407  ?  was  a  Benedictine  monk  of  the 
church  of  Canterbury.  He  is  the  author  of  a  history  of 
the  Archbishops  of  Canterbury  to  the  year  1368.  This 
was  pub.  by  Wharton,  as  the  first  article  in  his  Anglia 
Sacra,  from  a  MS.  in  the  Lambeth  Library.  There  are  in 
the  same  MS.  vol.  histories  of  the  Kings  of  England  to 
1367,  of  the  Roman  Pontiffs  to  1378,  and  of  the  Roman 
emperors  to  about  the  same  date.  Wharton  ascribes  these 
to  Birchington.  They  have  never  been  published. 

Birchley,  William,  i.  e.  AUSTIN,  JOHN,  which  see. 

Birckbeck,  Simon,  1584-1656,  Fellow  of  Queen's 
College,  Oxford,  vicar  of  Gilling  in  Yorkshire.  Esteemed 
by  the  learned  for  his  knowledge  of  patristic  theology. 

The  Protestant's  Evidence,  taken  out  of  good  records, 
showing  that  for  1500  years  next  after  Christ,  the  weighty 
points  of  Religion  have,  by  God's  Church,  been  held  and 
taught  as  the  Church  of  England  now  doth,  Lon.,  1634, 
4to.  A  much  enlarged  edition,  1657,  fol.  A  new  edit, 
appeared  in  1849,  edited  by  Dr.  Gumming,  forming  vols. 
ii.  and  iii.  of  a  Supplement  to  Gibson's  Preservative  against 

192 


"The  book  was  valued  by  Selden,  and  other  learned  men,  ,»&. 
cause  therein  the  author  had  taken  great  and  worth}7  pains  in  pro 
ducing  out  of  every  century  witnesses  to  attest  the  doctrine  of  the 
Church  of  England  in  the  points  by  him  adduced  against  the  con 
trary  doctrine  of  the  Trent  Council  and  the  Church  of  Home  "— 
WOOD. 

On  the  Four  Last  Things,  Lon.,  1655,  8vo. 
Bird,  Charles  Smith.     Theological  publications; 
Lon.,  1841,  <fcc.     12  Lectures  on  the  Church  Catechism. 

"  This  little  work  should  be  read  by  all  who  regard  reludon  as 
the  sole  means  by  which  we  can  ultimately  arrive  at  a  future  happy 
state."—  Court  Gazette. 

"  These  sermons  have  considerable  merit." — London  Spectator. 
Bird,  Edward.     Tract  against  Predestination,  Lon.. 
1726,  8vo. 

Bird,  G.    Musical  works,  Lon.,  1589,  1605,  4to. 
Bird,  G.     Practising  Scrivener,  1728,  fol. 
Bird,  Golding,  M.D.,  1815-1854,  Professor  of  Materia 
Medica  at  Guy's  Hospital,  London.     This  distinguished 
physician  has  favoured  the  world  with  some  of  the  results 
of  his  learned  investigations. 

Elements  of  Natural  Philosophy;  being  an  Experimental 
Introduction  to  the  Physical  Sciences.  Illustrated  with 
over  300  wood-cuts,  Lon.,  8vo;  2d  ed.,  1843;  3d  ed.,  Lon., 
1848,  fp.  8vo;  4th  ed.,  in  conjunction  with  C.  Brooke,  1854, 
p.  8vo. 

"  This  work  teaches  us  the  elements  of  the  entire  circle  of  Na 
tural  Philosophy  in  the  clearest  and  most  perspicuous  manner. 
Light,  Magnetism,  Dynamics,  Meteorology,  Electricity,  &c.  are  set 
before  us  in  such  simple  forms,  and  in  so  forcible  a  way,  that  we 
cannot  help  understanding  their  laws,  their  operation,  and  the 
remarkable  phenomena  by  which  they  are  accompanied  or  signi 
fied.  As  a  volume  of  useful  and  beautiful  instruction  for  the 
young,  we  cordially  recommend  it." — London  Literary  Gazette. 

"  By  the  appearance  of  Dr.  Bird's  work,  the  student  has  now  all 
that  he  can  desire  in  one  neat,  concise,  and  well-digested  volume. 
The  elements  of  natural  philosophy  are  explained  in  very  simple 
language  and  illustrated  by  numerous  wood-cuts.  .  .  .  We  should 
like  to  know  that  Dr.  Bird's  book  was  associated  with  every  boys' 
and  girls'  school  throughout  the  kingdom." — Lon.  Medical  Gazette. 
"  We  have  great  pleasure  in  welcoming  a  new  edition  of  this  ex 
cellent  work,  which  we  strongly  recommended  to  our  readers  on  its 
first  appearance.  We  do  not  hesitate  to  pronounce  it  the  best 
Manual  of  Natural  Philosophy  in  our  Language." — British  and 
Foreign  Medical  Review. 

"  This  work  marks  an  advance  which  has  long  been  wanting  in 
our  system  of  instruction.  Dr.  Bird  has  succeeded  in  producing 
an  elementary  work  of  great  merit."— London  Athena>um. 

"  The  best  epitome  in  the  English  language  of  this  wide  range 
of  physical  subjects." — N.  American  fieview,  April.  1851. 
Urinary  Deposits ;  2d  ed.,  1846,  p.  8vo ;  5th  ed.,  by  E.  L. 
Birkett,  1857,  8vo.  Lectures  on  Electricity  and  Gal 
vanism  in  their  Physiological  and  Therapeutical  Rela 
tions,  delivered  at  the  Royal  College  of  Physicians ;  re 
vised  and  extended,  1849,  12mo. 

"  Like  every  thing  which  proceeds  from  their  able  author,  these 
Lectures  are  eminently  lucid.  .  .  .  We  strongly  recommend  the 
study  of  Dr.  Golding  Bird's  valuable  little  volume." — Lon.  Journal 
of  Medicine. 

'•  The  volume  will  be  found  useful  by  those  practitioners  who 
desire  to  acquire  a  practical  knowledge  of  the  therapeutical  appli 
cations  of  electricity." — London  Medical  Gazette. 

Republished  in  U.S.,  where  they  are  very  popular.     See 
J.  H.  Balfour's  Biographical  Sketches  of  Dr.  Bird,  1855, 
12mo ;  Lon.  Gent,  Mag.,  July,  1855,  102. 
Bird,  Henry  M.   National  Debt  and  Taxes,  1780, 8vo. 
Bird,  J.  Superius  Cantiones,<fcc.,Lon.,1575,  6  vols.  4to. 
Bird,  J.     Verschuir's  Oration  translated,  1810. 
Bird,  James  B.     Legal  treatises,  Lon.,  1794-1815. 
Original  Precedents  of  Settlements,  Lon.,  1800,  8vo. 

These  are  the  best  forms  of  that  species  of  assurance  with 
which  the  profession  has  at  any  time  been  presented.  They  bear 
evident  marks  of  technical  precision  and  skill,  and  the  language 
in  particular  of  most  of  them,  is  peculiarly  chaste,  expressive,  and 
appropriate." 

Bird,  John.     Grounds  of  Grammar,  Oxf.,  1639,  8vo. 
Bird,  John.     Ostenta  Carolina;  or  the  late  Calamities 
of  England,  with  the  Authors  of  them,  Lon.,  1661,  4to. 
Bird,  John.     Divine  Ambassador,  1663,  4to. 
Bird,  John.     Astronomical  Instruments,  Lon.,  1767, 
4to.     Mural  Quadrants,  Lon.,  1768,  4to. 
Bird,  John.    Romances,  1795-1816. 
Bird,  R.     A  Communication,  Lon.,  1595,  8vo. 
Bird,  Robert  Montgomery,  M.D.,  1803-1854,  was 
a  native  of  Newcastle,  Delaware.     He  gave  early  indica 
tions  of  the  uncommon  powers  of  mind  which  distinguish 
his  literary  productions.     Selecting  the  profession  of  medi 
cine,  after  a  due  course  of  studies,  he  graduated  at  the 
University  of  Pennsylvania.     He  wrote  for  the  stage  the 
tragedies  of  The  Gladiator,  Oraloosa,  and  The  Broker  of 
Bogota,  which  were  highly  successful.     In  1834  he  pub. 
Calavar,  or  the  Knight  of  the  Conquest,  a  Romance  of 
Mexico.     This  work  has  been  commended  by  an  eminent 
authority  in  matters  pertaining  to  Spanish-American  His 
tory: 


BIR 

«  The  author  has  studied  with  great  care  the  costume,  manners, 
and  military  usages  of  the  natives,  and  has  done  for  them  what 
Mr.  Cooper  has  done  for  the  wild  tribes  of  the  north,— touched 
their  rude  features  with  the  bright  colouring  of  a  poetic  fancy. 
He  has  been  equally  fortunate  in  his  delineations  of  the  pictu 
resque  scenery  of  the  land;  and  if  he  has  been  less  so  in  attempt 
ing  to  revive  the  antique  dialogue  of  the  Spanish  cavalior,  we  must 
not  be  surprised  :  nothing  is  more  difficult  than  the  skilful  execu 
tion  of  a  modern  antique."— W.  H.  PRESCOTT,  in  a  note  to  his  His 
tory  of  the  Conquest. 

"  The  scene  is  laid  in  Mexko,  at  the  time  of  the  invasion  of 
Cortez,  in  1520.  The  romantic  incidents  of  that  renowned  conquest, 
when  Spanish  rule  gained  a  steadfast  footing  upon  the  northern 
half  of  this  continent,  have  furnished  the  materials  of  a  fiction 
bordering  closely  upon  the  accuracy  of  history.  With  the  excep 
tion  of  Prescott's  magnificent  annals  of  this  period,  we  are  not 
acquainted  with  any  work  from  which  so  clear  a  conception  of  those 
times  can  be  gathered  as  from  Calavar.  It  is  crowded  with  graphic 
descriptions  and  scenes  of  the  most  intense  excitement.  The  au 
thor  revels  among  the  variegated  vegetation  of  that  sunny  clime, 
and  sings  the  beauty  of  the  black-eyed  fair  ones  with  a  rhapsodist's 
enthusiasm  " 

In  1835  appeared  The  Infidel,  or  the  Fall  of  Mexico. 
This  is  a  sequel  to  the  preceding  work,  although  each  is 
complete  in  itself.  The  Hawks  of  Hawk  Hollow,  a  tradi 
tion  of  Pennsylvania,  was  pub.  in  the  same  year.  Shep- 
pard  Lee  appeared  (anonymously)  in  1836,  and  in  the  next 
year  the  publication  of  Nick  of  the  Woods,  or  the  Jibbe- 
nainosay,  gave  fresh  evidence  of  Dr.  Bird's  rapidity  of 
composition.  A  collection  of  the  author's  contributions 
to  periodicals  was  pub.  in  1838,  under  the  title  of  Peter 
Pilgrim,  or  a  Rambler's  Recollections.  The  last  of  his 
novels,  The  Adventures  of  Robin  Day,  was  given  to  the 
world  in  1839.  After  living  in  retirement  for  some  years 
at  Newcastle,  Delaware,  in  1847  Dr.  Bird  became  associ 
ated  with  another  gifted  son  of  genius,  Morton  McMichael, 
(q.  v.)  as  joint  proprietor  and  editor  of  the  (Philadelphia) 
North  American  and  United  States  Gazette.  In  the  co 
lumns  of  this  journal,  (January  24,  1854,)  will  be  found 
an  eloquent  tribute  by  Mr.  McM.  to  the  memory  of  his 
departed  friend.  Dr.  Bird  was  a  man  of  great  versatility 
of  talent,  and  was  equally  familiar  with  the  graver  investi 
gations  of  the  exact  sciences  and  the  flowery  paths  of 
belles-lettres  literature ;  to  which  he  added  no  slight  pro 
ficiency  in  the  ornamental  arts. 

"  He  leaves  behind  him  few  of  more  vast  and  varied  erudition, 
of  a  wider  range  of  knowledge,  practical  as  well  as  scholastic,  not 
superficial  nor  doubtful;  but  profound,  positive,  and  accurate. 
Add  to  these  faculties  a  large  comprehension,  quickness,  and 
power;— an  imagination  active  as  the  principle  of  light,  and  a 
judgment  unerring  as  mathematical  demonstration— and  such  was 
the  intellectual  condition  of  Dr.  Bird." — MORTON  MCMICHAEL. 

Bird,  Samuel.     Theolog.  treatises,  Lon.,  1580-98. 

Bird,  Thomas.     Almanack  for  1612,  Lon.,  8vo. 

Bird,  William.  The  Magazine  of  Honour,  or  a  Trea 
tise  on  the  several  degrees  of  the  Nobility  of  this  king 
dom,  with  their  rights  and  privileges,  also  Knights  and 
Esquires,  Ac.,  enlarged  by  Sir  John  Dodridge,  Lon.,  1642, 
12mo. 

••Although  this  treatise  contains  little  more  than  the  argu 
ment  of  Mr.  Serg.  Dodridge  in  the  disputed  question  regarding 
the  Barony  of  Abergavenny,  it  is  well  deserving  of  perusal  by  pe£ 
sons  interested  in  the  history  of  the  peerage.  The  volume  has 
1  had  several  title-pages." — LOWNDES. 

Bird,  William.     Con.  to  Mem.  Med.,  Ac.,  1778-95. 

Bird,  William.     See  BYRD. 

Birkbeck,  George,  M.D.,  1776-1841.  A  Compre 
hensive  and  Systematic  Display,  Theoretical  and  Practical, 
of  the  Arts  and  Manufactures  of  Great  Britain  and  Ire 
land,  Lon.,  1826,  Ac.  Mathematics  Practically  Applied  to 
the  Useful  and  Fine  Arts.  By  Baron  Dupin ;  adapted  to 
the  State  of  the  Arts  in  England  by  G.  B. 

"This  work  bids  fair  to  supply  the  deficiency  in  an  important 
branch  of  science.  For  this  purpose  we  most  cordially  recommend 
It."— Lon.  New  Monttdy  Mag. 

Birkbeck,  Morris.      Notes  in  a  Journey  through 
France,  1815,  8vo.     Notes  on  a  Journey  in  America,  from 
the  Coast  of  Virginia  to  the  Territory  of  Illinois:  2dedit 
Lon.,  1818,  8vo.     Letters  from  Illinois. 

"We  have  no  hesitation  in  pronouncing  this  one  of  the  most 
interesting  and  instructive  books  that  have  appeared  for  many 
years." — Edinburgh  Review. 

"  Detesting,  as  we  most  cordially  do,  all  the  principles  avowed 
by  Mr.  Birkbeck,  moral  and  political,  (religious,  as  we  have  seen, 
he  has  none,)  we  are  ready  to  give  him  the  credit  of  having  written 
an  entertaining  little  volume  of  Notes.  In  his  Letters  from  Illi 
nois  there  is  nothing  that  can  excite  the  least  degree  of  interest  " 
—Lon.. Quarterly  Jfeview. 

"  He  has  certainly  made  an  excellent  volume  on  the  condition 
and  prospects  of  that  country,  [America,]  and  one  which,  in  our 
opinion,  claims  the  superiority  over  any  other  that  has  been  is 
sued.  ...  A  mass  of  curious  and  most  valuable  information  and 
:onveyed  in  a  very  truthful  colouring  and  simple  manner  of  writ- 
Ing.  .The  travels  over  France  are  very,  amusing  and  instruc 
tive,  and  are  simply  expressed."— Donaldson's  Agricult.  Biog 


BIR 

Birkenhead,  or  Bcrkenhead,  Sir  John,  1615  ?- 
1679,  was  entered  a  servitor  of  Oriel  College,  Oxford,  in 
1632.  During  the  Civil  War,  to  Birkenhead  was  confided 
the  editorship  of  Mercurius  Aulicun,  or  the  Court  Mercury, 
the  vehicle  of  communication  between  the  court  at  Oxford 
and  the  rest  of  the  kingdom.  It  was  printed  weekly  in 
one  sheet,  and  sometimes  more.  It  was  pub.  from  Janu 
ary  1,  1642,  to  the  end  of  1645,  and  afterwards  occasion 
ally.  This  Court  journal  was  opposed  by  the  Parliament 
in  the  Mercurius  Britannicus,  written  by  Marchamont 
Needham.  Sir  John  excelled  in  satirical  wit,  and  pub.  a 
number  of  works  in  which  this  dangerous  talent  was  not 
spared.  The  Assembly  Man,  written  in  1647,  printed  in 
1662-63.  This  was  intended  as  a  representative  of  the 
Westminster  divines  who  favoured  the  Presbyterian  plan. 

"  The  copy  of  it  was  taken  from  the  author  by  those  who  said 
they  could  not  rob  because  all  was  theirs :  so  exciz'd  what  they 
liked  not,  and  so  mangled  and  reformed  it  that  'twas  no  character 
of  an  assembler,  but  of  themselves." — Athen.  Oxon. 

News  from  Pembroke  and  Montgomery,  1648.  Two 
Centuries  of  St.  Paul's  Churchyard,  1649,  4to,  pub.  in 
three  separate  sheets. 

"  The  spirited  humour  of  this  little  book  is  admirable,  and  wor 
thy  the  pen  of  a  Butler."— PATERSON  :  Bibl.  Westiana,  p.  205. 

Dr.  Grey  uses  it  freely  in  his  notes  on  Hudibras.  See 
Censura  Literaria,  1815,  vi.  290. 

The  Four-legged  Quaker.  A  New  Ballade  of  a  Famous 
German  Prince.  Besides  other  pieces  of  his  own,  Birken 
head  pub.  at  the  desire  of  Robert  Waring,  who  wished  to 
be  unknown,  his  Effigies  Amoris,  Ac.,  Lon.,  1649,  12mo. 
Mr.  Norris,  of  Bemerton,  trans,  this  work  under  the  title 
of  The  Picture  of  Love  Unveiled,  1682. 

"  Satire  was  Birkenhead's  principal  excellence,  and  in  genuine 
powers  of  ridicule  he  had  no  superior  at  a  time  when  those  powers 
were  called  forth  and  well  rewarded  by  both  parties." 

The  Assembly  Man,  Two  Centuries  of  St.  Paul's  Church 
yard,  and  News  from  Pembroke  and  Montgomery,  will  be 
found  reprinted  in  the  Harleian  Miscellany,  vols.  v.  and  ix. 

Birkhead,  Henry,  b.  1617,  was  educated  at  Trinity 
College,  Oxford,  joined  the  Jesuits  at  St.  Omer's,  returned 
to  the  Church  of  England,  and  was,  by  the  influence  of 
Archbishop  Laud,  elected  Fellow  of  All  Souls'.  In  Trapp's 
Lectures  on  Poetry  he  is  styled  "Founder  of  the  Poetical 
Lectures,"  1707.  Poemata,  Ac.,  Oxon.,  1656, 12mo.  Otium 
Literarium,  Ac.,  (with  H.  Stubbe,)  1656,  8vo.  He  pub. 
some  of  the  works  of  Henry  Jacob,  and  wrote  some  Latin 
elegies  on  the  loyalists  who  suffered  for  their  adherence  to 
Charles  I. 

"  He  was  accounted  an  excellent  Latin  poet,  a  good  Grecian, 
and  well  versed  in  all  human  learning." — Athen.  Oxon. 

Birkhead,  Henry.     See  BURKHEAD. 

Birkin,  William.  A  new  edit,  of  Jones's  Sheridan's 
Dictionary,  completely  corrected  and  enlarged  by  the  ad 
dition  of  several  hundred  words. 

"  Immense  pains  and  labour  have  been  bestowed  in  revising  the 
present  edition  of  this  popular  work.  The  accentuation,  pronun 
ciation,  and  definition  of  every  word  have  been  most  carefully  ex 
amined  ;  and  the  editor  trusts  he  has  made  it  a  valuable  and  use 
ful  assistant  to  the  student." 

Birkitt,  Edward.     Sermons,  1770-80,  4to. 

Birks,  A.  and  J.     Arithmet.  Collections,  1765. 

Birks,  T.  R.,  Rector  of  Kelshall,  Herts.  Theolog. 
Treatises,  1843,  Ac.  Rev.  E.  Bickersteth  considers  this 
author's  Elements  of  Prophecy  (1843,  12mo) 

"  !A.  full  answer  to  difficulties  raised  by  futurists." 

Birnie,  William,  Minister  of  Lanark.  The  Blame 
of  Kirkburial,  tending  to  persuade  Cemiterial  Civility. 
Edin.,  1606,  4to.  Reprinted,  Lon.,  1833,  4to. 

Birrell,Andrew.  Henry  and  Almeira,Trag.,1802,8vo. 
The  name  of  this  author  occurs  in  Biographia  Dramatics, 
already  noticed  by  us  in  our  article  on  David  Erskine 
Baker,  (ante.) 

Birt,  Isaiah.     Vindication  of  the  Baptists,  1795. 

Birt,  John.     Theolog.  Treatises,  1813-14. 

Birt,  John.  A  Summary  of  the  Principles  and  His 
tory  of  Popery,  8vo. 

"  We  have  seldom,  if  ever,  seen  so  large  a  body  of  facts,  exhi 
bited  with  perfect  perspicuity,  within  so  small  a  compass ;  the  au 
thor's  complete  mastery  of  the  subject  appears  from  the  ease  with 
which  he  has  condensed  an  immense  mass  of  historical  matter 
without  the  least  indication  of  disorder  or  confusion."— REV.  ROBT.' 
HALL  :  Eclectic  JReview,  May,  1824. 

Birt,  William  Radcliffe.  The  Hurricane  Guide,  8vo. 

"  This  work  is  one  which  demands  the  attention  of  all  who  are 
interested  in  the  well-being  of  that  large  portion  of  our  fellow- 
countrymen  engaged  in  '  business  on  the  deep  waters.'  We  would 
urge  all  who  are  in  any  way  connected  with  those  mighty  steamers 
to  procure  a  copy,  study  it  well,  and  follow  the  author's  advice, 
He  is  well  known  in  scientific  circles  as  having  devoted  close  atten 
tion  for  many  years  to  the  subject  of  atmospheric  waves,  and  from 
his  position,  his  opinions  are  worthy  of  the  most  attentive  regard." 
—Hampshire  Independent. 

193 


BIS 


BIS 


Bisbie,  Nathaniel,  D.D.,  d.  1695,  rector  of  Long 
Melford,  near  Sudbury,  Suffolk.  Sermons,  1682,  '83,  '84. 
'86. 

"  Esteemed  an  excellent  preacher,  and  a  zealous  person  for  the 
Church  of  England  ;  but,  1690,  refusing  to  take  the  oaths  to  King 
William  III.  and  Queen  Mary,  was  deprived  of  his  rectory."  — 
Athen.  Oxon. 

Bischoflf,  David.     The  Nomenclator,  1781,  8vo. 

Bischoff,  Fred.,  Oculist  A  Treatise  on  the  Extrac 
tion  of  the  Cataract,  Lon.,  1793,  8vo. 

Bischoff,  James.  A  Comprehensive  History  of  the 
Woollen  Trade,  Lon.,  2  vols.  8vo. 

"  Mr.  Bischoff's  work  will  be  found  valuable  to  all  persons  inte 
rested  in  the  subject."  —  Lon.  Athe.ncmm. 

"  A  vast  mass  of  curious  and  valuable  information,  acceptable 
to  readers  of  varied  tastes,  even  though  quite  unconnected  with 
manufactures  and  trade."  —  Lon.  Times. 

Bisco,  John.    Theolog.  Treatises,  Lon.,  1655-65,  8vo. 

Biscoe,  C.  Statutes  and  Laws  of  the  Isle  of  Man; 
from  the  Original  Records.  Printed  at  Douglass,  8vo. 

Biscoe,  Richard,  d.  1748,  rector  of  St.  Martin  Out- 
wich,  London.  The  History  of  the  Acts  of  the  Holy 
Apostles,  confirmed  from  other  authors,  and  considered  as 
full  evidence  of  the  Truth  of  Christianity;  being  the  sub 
stance  of  his  sermons  at  the  Boyle  Lectures  in  1736,  '37, 
'38,  Lon.,  1742,  2  vols.  8vo  ;  Oxford,  1829,  1  vol.  8vo; 
1840,  1  vol.  8vo.  Trans,  into  German,  Magdeburg, 
1751,  4to. 

"  An  elaborate  and  valuable  work,  showing,  in  the  most  con 
vincing  way,  how  incontestably  the  Acts  of  the  Apostles  demon 
strate  the  truth  of  Christianity."  —  DR.  DODDRIDQE. 

"  These  volumes  afford  some  valuable  information  on  the  topics 
of  which  they  treat.  Dr.  Lightfoot  had  before  collected  a  great 
deal  on  the  same  subject,  but  it  is  better  digested  in  the  work  of 
Mr.  Biscoe."—  Orwie's  Bib.  Bibl. 

Bishop,  Alfred.  Christian  Memorials  of  the  19th 
Century,  or  Select  Evangelical  Biography  for  the  last  25 
years. 

"  In  this  work  will  be  found  the  memoirs  of  above  forty  eminent 
individuals  of  both  sexes  ;  and  a  work  better  suited  for  a  present 
to  young  people,  or  for  a  Sunday-school  library,  cannot  well  be 
found." 

Bishop,  Charles.     Sermons,  1769,  4to. 

Bishop,  George.  New  England  Judged,  1661. 
This  is  an  account  of  the  persecutions  endured  by  the 
Quakers  in  New  England  "from  the  beginning  of  the  5th 
m.,  1656,  to  the  end  of  the  10th  m.,  1660." 

Bishop,  Hawley.     Sermon,  1747,  8vo. 

Bishop,  Sir  Henry  Rowley,  1783-1855,  Professor 
of  Music  in  the  University  of  Oxford,  is  the  only  musical 
professor  who  has  been  honoured  by  the  compliment  of 
knighthood.  He  is  the  author  of  numerous  musical  com 
positions. 

Bishop,  Joel  P.,  b.  1814,  at  Volney,  Oswego  county, 
N.  York.  Commentaries  on  the  Law  of  Marriage  and  Di 
vorce,  and  Evidence  in  Matrimonial  Suits,  Boston,  1853, 
8vo  ;  2d  ed.,  1856. 

"  His  references  to  cases  and  to  writers  are  copious  ;  the  results 
of  the  decisions,  in  so  far  as  they  have  resulted  in  establishing  a 
rule,  are  clearly  stated  ;  and  his  reasonings  on  open  questions  and 
conflicting  doctrines  are  forcible,  suggestive,  and  illustrated  with 
very  ample  learning."  —  RUFUS  CHOATE. 

"  A  very  valuable  addition  to  our  legal  literature.  Such  an  Ame 
rican  book  was  much  wanted,  and  the  author  has  accomplished  his 
work  in  a  manner  highly  creditable  to  him."  —  Law  Reporter. 

Commentaries  on  the  Criminal  Law,  Boston,  2  vols.  8vo  : 
vol.i.,  1856;  vol.  ii.,  1858. 

Bishop,  John.  Beavtifvll  Blossomes  gathered  from 
the  best  Trees  of  all  kyndes,  &c.,  London,  for  Henrie 
Cockyn,  1577,  4to.  Reprinted,  1578,  4tb,  under  the  title 
of  A  Garden  of  Recreation. 

Bishop,  John.  The  Messiah,  and  the  Creation;  for 
Voice  and  Piano,  Lon.,  2  vols.  fol.,  1843. 

"  The  great  merit  of  both  these  works  appears  to  consist  in  the 
different  airs  being  thoroughly  incorporated  in  the  instrumental 
parts."  —  Lon.  Times,  Jan.  21,  1843. 

Bishop,  Mary.  Poetical  Tales  and  Miscellanies, 
1812.  St.  Oswald;  and  other  Poems,  1813. 

Bishop,  Matthew.  His  Life  and  Adventures,  Lon., 
1744,  8vo. 

"  Matthew  was  a  perfect  original  ;  and  in  his  description  of  his 
own  exploits  has  unconsciously  given  an  extremely  laughable 


Bishop,  R.     East  India  Navigator's  Assistant,  Lon., 
1773,  4to. 

Bishop,  Rev.  Samuel,  1731-1795,  Master  of  Mer 
chant  Tailor  School,  London;  and  a  poet.  Essays  and 
Poems,  1763.  Feriae  Poeticee,  1764,  4to.  Poetical  Works 
with  Mem.  of  his  Life  by  Rev.  T.  Clare,  Lon.,  1796,  2  vols. 
4to.  Sermons,  Lon.,  1798,  8vo.  The  Farce  of  High  Life 
Below  Stairs,  ascribed  to  Garrick,  is  said  to  have  been  the 
production  of  Mr.  Bishop. 
194 


Bishop,  Thomas.  Eight  Sermons  at  Lady  Moyer's 
Lecture,  Lon.,  1726,  8vo.  Abridgt.  of  Pearson's  Exposi 
tion  of  the  Creed,  Lon.,  1729,  8vo. 

Bishop,  William.     Sermons,  Oxf.,  1823,  '25,  '28. 

Bishop,  William,  1533-1624,  Vicar  Apostolical  in 
England,  and  the  first  Popish  Bishop  sent  thither  after  the 
Reformation,  was  a  native  of  Brayles  in  Warwickshire. 
A  Reproof  of  Dr.  Abbott's  Defence  of  the  Catholic  Re 
formed,  by  W.  Perkins,  Lon.,  1608,  4to.  Disproof  of  Dr. 
Abbott's  Counter-Proof  against  Dr.  Bishop's  Reproof  of 
Mr.  Perkin's  Reformed  Catholic.  Part  1,  Paris,  1614,  8vo. 
For  a  list  of  his  works  see  Bliss's  Wood's  Athen.  Oxon.,  ii. 
856.  He  pub.  an  edit,  of  Pits's  De  Illustribus  Anglicae 
Scriptoribus,  1623,  to  which  he  wrote  a  very  learned 
preface. 

"  He  was  sent  into  England  by  the  holy  see  for  the  comfort  of 
Catholics,  where  he  so  modestly  behaved  himself,  that  he  was  by 
all,  both  clergy  and  seculars,  dearly  beloved  and  honoured."— 
THOMAS  WHITE,  a  Benedictine  monk  of  Douay. 

Bishop,  Sir  William.    Con.  to  Med.  Facts,  1800. 

Bishopric,  Robert.  Con.  to  Med.  Com.,  1793,  '94,  '95. 

Bishton,  I.  General  View  of  the  Agricult.  of  the 
County  of  Salop,  with  Observations  on  the  Means  of  its 
Improvement,  Lon.,  1794,  4to. 

"  It  seems  to  be  one  of  the  meanest  county  reports." — Donald 
son's  Agricult.  Biog. 

Bispham,  Thomas.     Iter  Australe,  &c.,  1548,  4to. 

"  An  ingenious  Latin  poem." — \Vooi>. 

Bissat,  Bisset,  or  Bissart,  Patrick,  1500-1568, 
Professor  of  Canon  Law  in  the  University  of  Bonomia,  in 
Italy,  was  descended  from  the  Earls  of  Fife  in  Scotland, 
and  born  in  that  country.  P.  Bissarti  Opera  Omnia :  viz., 
Poemata,  Orationes,  Lectiones  Feriales,  Venice,  1565,  4to. 

"  He  was  not  only  a  learned  civilian,  but  an  excellent  poet,  ora 
tor,  and  philosopher." 

Bisse,  James.     Sermons  at  Paules  Crosse,  1580,  '84. 

Bisse,  Philip,  Bishop  of  St.  David's,  1710;  Here 
ford,  1712.  Sermons,  1710,  '11,  '17,  4to. 

Bisse,  Thomas,  d.  1731,  brother  of  the  above,  was 
educated  at  Corpus  Christi  College,  Oxf.  He  pub.  a  num 
ber  of  Sermons,  Ac.,  1708-29,  and  a  vol.  of  Discourses  on 
the  Lord's  Prayer  was  pub.  1740,  8vo.  His  Beauty  of 
Holiness,  in  the  Common  Prayer,  has  been  highly  com 
mended  : 

;'  Interesting  and  attractive,  it  treats  upon  matters  entirely 
overlooked  by  previous  and  subsequent  commentators." 

Bisset,  Andrew.  A  Practical  Treatise  on  the  Law 
of  Estates  for  Life,  Lon.,  1842,  8vo. 

"  Mr.  Bisset's  book  contains  all  that  is  essential  within  its  pro 
found  range,  and  displays  equal  learning  and  judgment." — Mar 
vin's  Legal  Bibl. 

Bisset,  Charles,  M.D.,  1717-1791,  for  some  time  a 
lieutenant  in  the  royal  army,  pub.  a  number  of  medical  and 
other  works.  Treatise  on  Fortifications,  Lon.,  1751,  4to. 
The  Medical  Constitution  of  Great  Britain,  1760.  Medi 
cal  Essays  and  Observations.  These  works  were  trans, 
into  German  by  Moeller,  Breslau,  1779-81.  In  Pettigrew's 
Memoirs  and  Corresp.  of  Lettsom,  will  be  found  an  inte- 
testing  medical  corresp.  between  Drs.  Bisset  and  Lettsom. 

Bisset,  J.  Poetical  works,  Essays  on  the  Drama,  Ac., 
1800,  '02,  '04. 

Bisset,  Robert,  a  Scotchman,  d.  1805,  aged  46,  a 
schoolmaster  and  an  author.  Life  of  Edmund  Burke, 
Lon.,  1798,  8vo.  Douglass,  a  Novel,  1800.  History  of 
the  Reign  of  George  III.,  6  vols.  8vo,  Lon.,  1804. 

"  The  author's  chief  aim  has  been  to  discover  all  that  was  favour 
able  in  the  public  characters  of  the  day ;  a  disposition  which,  how 
ever  amiable,  deprives  history  of  one  of  her  most  august  func 
tions."—  Lon.  Montltly  Review,  1804. 

"  Dr.  Bisset's  History  is  highly  praiseworthy — it  narrates  with 
greater  detail  and  completeness  than  Macfarlane,  Belsham,  or 
Adolphus,  the  transactions  of  the  present  reign.  The  style  is  na 
tural,  yet  elegant ;  the  information  abundant,  yet  select ;  tbe  cri 
ticism  loyal,  yet  liberal.  In  short,  it  appears  to  us  more  likely  than 
any  of  the  rival  histories  to  annex  itself  to  Hume  and  Smollett, 
as  the  regular  and  generally-received  continuation  of  the  History 
of  England." — An.  Rev.  vol.  iii. 

"  We  must  recommend  this  as  a  work  replete  with  both  infor 
mation  and  amusement — and  while  it  is  free  from  any  spirit  of 
party,  it  breathes  throughout  a  firm  attachment  to  temporal  free 
dom  and  the  spirit  of  the  British  Constitution,  a  sincere  regard 
for  the  British  character,  and  a  just  veneration  for  the  rights  of 
reason,  of  religion,  and  morality." — Lit.  Jmtm.,  vol.  iii. 

Modern  Literature,  a  Novel,  1804, 12mo.     Dr.  B.  edit,  the 

"  Spectator  with  illustrative  notes,  and  very  ingenious  lives  of 
the  authors."  8  vols.  8vo,  1796. 

Bisset,  Thomas.     Sermons,  Edin.,  1788,  8vo. 

Bisset,  William,  Rector  of  Whiston,  Northampton 
shire.  Sermons  on  the  Reformation  of  Manners,  1704,  8vo. 
The  Modern  Fanatick,  being  an  Account  of  Dr.  Pacheverell, 
1710-11,  8vo.  This  coarse  attack  was  answered  by  Dr.  S.  s 
friends,  which  response  elicited  another  pamphlet  from 
Bisset.  Funeral  Sermon,  1727,  8vo.  Bisset  and  his  oppo- 


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nents  seem  neither  to  have  given  quarter  nor  have  aske 
for  any. 

Biterswigg,  Pendavid.  Three  Original  Poems 
with  his  Will  and  Testament,  (posth.) 

Blaauw,  Wm.  Henry.  The  Barons'  War,  in 
eluding  the  Battles  of  Lewes  and  Evesham. 

"  I  n  the  long  reign  of  Henry  III.,  the  most  interesting  occurrenc 
is  the  Barons'  War,  in  the  midst  of  which  Parliament  first  acquire 
its  representative  character  under  the  influence  of  Simon  d 
Montfort.  The  circumstances  of  this  detached  period  of  Britis 
history  have  been  combined  with  such  detailed  particulars  of  th 
persons  who  took  part  in  them  as  an  examination  of  the  docu 
ments,  chronicles,  and  poems  of  that  age  seems  to  warrant." 

Black.     Speeches  at  Synod  of  Ulster  in  1812. 

Black,  David,  1762-1806,  Minister  of  Lady  Tester' 
Church,  Edinburgh.  Sermons  on  Important  Subjects 
Edin.,  1808,  8vo. 

"  These  sermons  are  models  for  pulpit  composition  ;  they  discove 
an  intimate  acquaintance  with  the  doctrines,  and  enforce  the  pre 
cepts  of  Christianity  upon  principles  arising  therefrom." 

••  Black's  sermons  abound  in  good  sense  and  useful  observations 
and  just  sentiments  of  religion  conveyed  in  lively  and  elegan 
Language."  —  BISHOP  PORTEUS. 

Black,  James.  Tillage  of  the  Earth,  and  Theory  o 
Instruments  adapted  to  this  End,  Lon.,  1778,  4to. 

"  A  long  dissertation  on  the  relative  advantages  of  horses  am 
oxen  as  beasts  of  draught,  the  prime  cost  and  maintenance  of  each 
animal,  is  hardly  able  to  establish  the  ox  as  superior  to  the  horse 
which  seems  to  be  the  object  of  the  calculation.  The  sketches  of 
implements  are  little  worth."  —  Donaldson's  AffriciM.  Biog. 

Black,  John.  Palaeoromaica,  or  Historical  and  Phi 
lological  Disquisitions,  <fcc.,  Lon.,  1823,  8vo.  The  hypo 
thesis  maintained  in  this  work  is  that  the  received  text  of 
the  Greek  Testament  is  a  servile  trans,  from  a  Latin  ori 
ginal  long  since  lost,  and  that  this  trans,  was  made  by  a 
writer  imperfectly  acquainted  with  both  of  the  languages  in 
question.  See  criticisms  upon  this  production  in  reviews 
of  it  by  Rt.  Rev.  Dr.  Blomfield,  Bishop  of  London  ]  Brit 
Critic,  1823;  Rev.  J.  J.  Conybeare's  Examination,  Oxf. 
1823;  Rev.  W.  C.  Broughton's  Examination,  Lon.,  1823, 
8vo;  Bishop  Burgess's  P.S.  to  2d  ed.  Vindic.  of  1  John 
v.  7,  (Lon.,  1823)  and  in  Home's  Introduction. 

"  Absurd  reasonings  and  mischievous  tendency  of  this  paradox! 
cal  publication.''—!1.  H.  HORNE. 

"  It  is  a  work  of  very  extensive  reading  and  research,  and 
abounds  with  valuable  quotations.  But  the  materials  are  as  des 
titute  of  selection  as  the  author's  strictures  are  of  simplicity  and 
candour."  —  Postscript,  p.  196. 

Black,  John.  Theolog.  and  poetical  works,  1785-1801 

Black,  John.  Mutiny  on  the  Lady  Shore,  Lon. 
1798,  8vo. 

Black,  John,  1783-1855,  Editor  Lon.  Morning  Chron. 
1823-44.  The  Life  of  Torquato  Tasso  ;  with  an  Historical 
and  Critical  Account  of  his  Writings,  Edin.,  1810,  2  vols. 
4to.  This  work  has  been  highly  commended.  See  J.  H. 
Wiffen's  Jerusalem  Delivered.  Polit.  Essay  on  the  King 
dom  of  New  Spain  ;  from  the  French  of  A.  de  Humboldt, 
Lon.,  1811,  2  vols.  8vo. 

"  To  write  a  book  on  Mexico  without  referring  to  Baron  Hum 
boldt  at  almost  every  page  is  nearly  impossible;  he  was  the  first 
who  applied  the  lights  of  science  to  the  New  World."—  H.  G  Ward's 
Mexico,  which  see. 

Memoirs  of  Goldoni,  written  by  himself,  trans,  from  the 
Italian,  Lon.,  1813,  2  vols.  8vo. 

"Gibbon,  the  historian,  has  pronounced  the  Memoirs  of  Goldoni 
to  be  more  truly  dramatic  than  his  Comedies.  Lord  Byron  has 
also  pronounced  the  Life  of  Goldoni  to  be  one  of  the  best  specimens 
ot  autobiography.  It  is  replete  with  anecdote." 

A  Course  of  Lectures  on  Dramatic  Art  and  Literature 
from  the  German  of  Wm.  Augustus  Schlegel,  1815,  2  vols 
1846  givo  ^  H*  G*  B°hn'S  Standard  Library,  Lon.j 
"  The  present  work  contains  a  critical  and  historical  account  of 
the  ancient  and  modern  drama-the  Greek,  the  Latin  the  Italian 
the  French,  the  Spanish,  and  the  German  The  view  -which  the 
author  has  taken  of  the  standard  productions,  whethe^  tragic  or 
POIIIIC,  in  these  different  languages,  is,  in  general,  ingeniouf  and 
just,  and  his  speculative  Reasonings  on  the  .Principles  of  VtSfe  a°e 
often  as  satisfactory  as  they  are  profound.  .  .  .  Wehave,  we  trust 
sa.d  enough  of  this  work  to  recommend  it  to  the  reader.  We  o™ht 
%£S£^*fS^  aPPearS  t0  be  ™*  -pectable."- 
||  This  is  a  work  of  extraordinary  merit."—  Lon.  Quart.  Rm 

In  a  few  pages  we  reap  the  fruit  of  the  labour  of  a  whole  life- 
every  opinion  formed  by  the  author,  every  epithet  given  to  the 


The  reader  should  procure  the  following  work,  also 
Lectures  on  the  History  of  Literature,  Ancient  and  Modern 
2v™8  8vo  U  °f  Frederick  Schlegel,  Lon.,  1818, 


"Though  concise,  Schlegel's  work  is  so  comprehensive  in  its 
range,  that  it  is  alone  almost  sufficient  to  make  the  reader  a  literary 
person." — Lon.  Literary  Gazette. 

"  By  far  the  most  rational  and  profound  view  of  the  history  ot 
literature  which  has  yet  been  presented  to  Europe.— .BfocA"U>o(xF s 
Magazine.. 

"  Frederick  Schlegel  has  more  originality  of  genius  than  almost 
any  other  celebrated  man  in  Germany ;  but,  far  from  depending 
on  that  originality,  though  it  promised  him  much  success,  he  en 
deavours  to  assist  it  by  extensive  study.  It  is  a  great  proof  of  our 
respect  for  the  human  species,  when  we  dare  not  address  it  from 
the  suggestions  of  our  own  minds,  without  having  first  conscien 
tiously  examined  into  all  that  has  been  left  to  us  by  our  predeces 
sors  as  an  inheritance." — MADAME  DE  STAEL." 

Black,  John.     Key  to  Mair's  Introduction,  1818. 

Black,  Joseph,  M.D.,  1728-1799,  an  eminent  chemist 
and  physician,  was  the  son  of  an  Irish  merchant  who  re 
sided  at  Bordeaux  when  the  subject  of  this  notice  was 
born.  He  entered  the  University  of  Glasgow  in  1746,  and 
became  a  favourite  pupil  of  the  celebrated  Cullen,  who 
instilled  into  his  youthful  mind  that  love  of  chemical  in 
vestigations  by  which  he  afterwards  became  so  highly  dis 
tinguished.  He  took  the  degree  of  M.D.  at  Edinburgh  in 
1754,  and  won  great  credit  for  the  ability  displayed  in  his 
thesis — Dissertatio  Medica  de  Humore  Acido  a  Cibis  orto, 
et  Magnesia  Alba.  This  paper,  with  a  continuation  writ 
ten  the  next  year,  will  be  found  in  the  Essays  Physical 
and  Literary,  Edin.,  1756.  In  this  dissertation  he  "gave 
an  account  of  one  of  the  most  important  discoveries  in 
chemistry,  which  is  generally  considered  as  the  source  of 
much  that  has  immortalized  the  names  of  Cavendish,  Priest 
ley,  and  others,  memorable  for  their  acquisitions  in  the 
knowledge  of  aerial  bodies.  This  was  no  other  than  the 
existence  of  an  aerial  fluid,  which  he  denominated  fixed 
air,  the  presence  of  which  gave  mildness,  and  its  absence 
causticity,  to  alkalies  and  calcareous  earths."  His  discove 
ries  at  a  subsequent  period  with  respect  to  water  in  various 
conditions,  latent  heat,  cold,  &c.,  (1762-91,)  are  well  known 
to  the  profession.  The  theory  of  latent  heat  was  undoubt 
edly  a  principal  leading  step  to  some  of  the  grand  discove 
ries  made  by  Lavoisier,  Laplace,  and  others;  yet  these 
chemists  scarcely  ever  named  Dr.  Black  in  their  disserta 
tions;  and  Mr.  Deluc  had  the  impudence  to  claim  the 
theory  of  latent  heat  as  his  own.  In  1756  he  was  ap» 
pointed  to  the  chair  of  Chemistry  and  Anatomy  at  Glas 
gow,  but  the  latter  being  distasteful  to  him,  he  exchanged 
it  for  that  of  Medicine.  In  1766  he  succeeded  his  old  pre 
ceptor,  Dr.  Cullen,  as  Professor  of  Chemistry  at  Edinburgh. 
His  lectures  were  so  celebrated  that  few  gentlemen  left 
Edinburgh  without  having  attended  one  course  or  more. 
At  the  time  of  his  death,  in  1799,  he  enjoyed  the  distin 
guished  honour  of  being  one  of  the  eight  foreign  members 
of  the  Academy  of  Sciences  at  Paris.  His  Lectures  on 
Chemistry  were  pub.  from  his  MSS.  by  Dr.  Robison,  Edin., 
1803,  2  vols.  4to.  The  Papers  referred  to  above  as  pub.  in 
the  Essays  Phys.  and  Lit,,  vol.  ii.  157,  were  subsequently 
pub.  in  a  12mo  vol.  in  Edin.  The  celebrated  paper,  The 
supposed  effect  of  Boiling  on  Water  in  disposing  it  to  freeze 
more  readily,  ascertained  by  experiment,  will  be  found  in 
Phil.  Trans.  Abr.  xiii.  610,  1775,  and  the  Analysis  of  the 
Waters  of  some  Hot  Springs  in  Iceland  was  pub.  in  Ed. 
Phil.  Trans,  iii.  part  2,  95,  1794. 

"  Considered  as  a  philosopher,  Black  ranks  amongst  the  highest 
)f  those  who  have  wrought  out  great  theories.  Induction  was  the 
>nly  method  by  which  he  sought  to  discover  truth.  His  character 
n  this  respect  contrasts  strongly  with  that  of  some  other  of  our 
distinguished  chemists."— British  Quarterly  Review,  vol.  ii. 

"The  discovery  which  he  first  made  was  the  last  of  being  com 
pleted.  He  never  could  be  induced  to  publish  any  account  of  it 
x>  the  world,  notwithstanding  the  constant  attempts  of  his  rivals 
to  deprive  him  of  the  claim.  He  was  at  all  times  averse  to  publi 
cation,  and  fastidious  to  an  uncommon  degree  in  his  judgment  of 
his  own  compositions." 

See  Lord  Brougham's  article  in  Ed.  Review,  vol.  iii.  ; 

,lso  his  Lives  of  Men  of  Letters  and  Science  temp.  Geo. 

[II;  Robison's  Life  of  Black  in  the  Literary  Journal,  Ac.  • 

Chalmers's    Biog.    Die.;    Bibliotheque    Britannique,  vol. 

xxviii. ;  Georgian  Era. 

Black,  Samuel,  M.D.  Con.  to  Mem.  Med.,  1795, 
L805— 07. 

,J5lIack'  Wm«     Privilege   of  Royal  Burrows,   Edin., 

1707,  1  L'IHO. 

Black,  Wm.,  M.D.  Profess,  works,  1771-1811.  He 
jub.  m  1782,  8vo,  An  Historical  Sketch  of  Medicine  and 
Surgery ;  from  their  origin  to  the  present  time,  Ac. 

"We  pay  the  author  no  great  compliment  when  we  observe, 
hat  the  execution  of  it  is  more  to  be  commended  than  the  plan." 
—Lon.  Monthly  Review,  1783. 

Blackadder,  H.  H.,   Surgeon.      Observations  on 
hagedaena  Gangraenosa,  in  2  parts,  1818,  8vo. 
Blackadder,  Lt.  Col.  J.     Life  and  Diary  of,  Edin., 
824,  12mo. 

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Blackall,  Anthony.     Sermon,  1704,  4to. 

Blackall,  John,  M.D.  Observations  on  the  Nature 
and  Cure  of  Dropsies,  Lon.,  1813,  Svo;  1814,  1818. 

Blackall,  or  Blackball,  Offspring,  1654-1716,  was 
a  native  of  London,  and  educated  at  Catherine  Hall,  Cam 
bridge.  He  was  made  Bishop  of  Exeter  in  1707.  He  en 
gaged  in  several  warm  controversies  with  Toland  and 
Bishop  Hoadly;  Bishop  Offspring  favouring  the  cause  of 
Charles  I.  and  high-church  principles.  Besides  these 
pamphlets,  he  pub.  8  Sermons,  1700,  Svo ;  15  do.,  1706,  Svo  j 
14  do.,  1706;  some  single  discourses,  and  in  1717  his  prac 
tical  Discourses  on  the  Sermon  on  the  Mount  were  pub.  in 
8  vols.  Svo.  His  works  were  pub.  in  1723,  2  vols.  fol., 
with  life  by  Archbishop  Dawes. 

"  His  manner  of  preaching  was  so  excellently  easy,  clear,  judi 
cious,  substantial,  pious,  affecting,  and  upon  all  accounts  truly 
useful  and  edifying,  that  he  universally  acquired  the  reputation 
of  being  one  of  the  best  preachers  of  his  time." — ABP.  DAWES. 

"  The  sermons  of  this  worthy  divine  are  models  for  an  easy, 
natural,  and  familiar  way  of  writing." — DR.  WATERLAND. 

Blackall,  Theophilus.     Sermons,  1730,  4to. 

Blackall,  Thos.  Poll  of  Oxfordshire,  Oxf.,  1754,  Svo. 

Blackamore,  A.  A  Summary  of  Christian  Antiqui 
ties,  Lon.,  1722,  2  vols.  Svo.  See  BINGHAM,  JOSEPH. 

Blackborrow,  Peter.  The  Longitude  not  Found, 
an  answer  to  H.  Bird,  Lon.,  1678,  4to.  Navigation  Recti 
fied,  1684,  Svo. 

Blackbourne,  John,  1683-1741,  educated  at  Trinity 
College,  Cambridge,  a  Nonjuring  Bishop,  corrected  the 
press  for  Bowyer,  and  edited  the  castrations  of  Holinshed's 
Chronicle,  and  of  Bayle's  Chronycle  concernynge  syr  Johan 
Oldecastell.  Mattaire  praises  him  in  his  Lives  of  the  Paris 
Printers,  1717,  and  in  his  Miscellanea  aliquot  Scriptorum 
carmina,  1722.  See  Nichols's  account  of  him  in  the 
Literary  Anecdotes. 

Blackburn,  J.    Serm.,  1749,  Svo. 

Blackburn,  John.  Hand-Book  round  Jerusalem, 
Lon.,  1849,  12mo.  Prize  Essay  on  the  Religious  Book  So 
ciety,  12mo.  Rise  and  Ruin  of  Nineveh,  12mo,  illustrated. 

Blackburne,  E.  L.  Architectural  Account  of  Crosby 
Place,  Lon.,  Svo.  Decorative  Painting  of  the  Middle  Ages, 
1848,  4to. 

Blackburne,  Francis,  1705-1787,  a  native  of  Rich 
mond  in  Yorkshire,  was  educated  at  Catherine  Hall,  Cam 
bridge,  collated  to  the  Archdeaconry  of  Cleveland  in  1750. 
He  pub.  some  sermons,  &c.,  1742-63,  but  is  best  known  by 
The  Confessional,  or  an  Inquiry  into  the  Right  and  Utility 
of  Establishing  Systematical  Confessions  of  Faith,  Lon., 
1766,  Svo,  (anony.)  This  work  elicited  a  warm  controversy, 
which  lasted  for  more  than  six  years,  and  produced  70  to 
80  pamphlets.  Archbishop  Seeker  was  very  anxious  to  see 
Blackburne  confuted. 

"  The  author  of  this  work,  who  is  well  known  to  be  a  very  learned 
clergyman  of  the  Church  of  England,  takes  so  much  notice  of  all 
the  writers  who  opposed  his  sentiments,  that  there  is  no  need  to 
give  a  particular  enumeration  of  the  several  pamphlets  which  were 
written  against  it." — BISHOP  WATSON. 

See  a  review  of  the  controversy  in  the  Gentleman's 
Magazine,  vols.  xli.  and  xlii. 

Historical  View  of  the  Controversy  concerning  an  In 
termediate  State,  Lon.,  1772?  Svo. 

"  Written  to  establish  the  sleep  of  the  soul.  Bishop  Law,  in  an 
Appendix  to  the  Theory  of  Religion,  seeks  also  to  establish  it  He 
was  well  answered  by  Prof.  Campbell  in  his  sixth  dissertation."— 

BlCKERSTETH. 

Works  with  Life,  by  his  son,  Francis  Blackburne,  Lon., 
1804,  7  vols.  Svo. 

"  A  keen  and  energetic  writer ;  an  elegant  and  persuasive 
preacher;  a  faithful  pastor  and  exemplary  guide;  a  just,  humane, 
pious,  temperate,  and  independent  man." — Life,  by  his  son. 

Blackburne,  Lancelot,  d.  1743,  Bishop  of  Exeter, 
1716,  Archp.  of  York,  1724,  pub.  sermons,  &c.,  1694-1716. 

Blackburne,  Thomas,  M.D.,  d.  1782,  aged  33,  son 
of  Francis,  (see  ante,)  was  educated  at  Cambridge.  He 
pub.  De  Medici  Institutis,  Edin.,  1775;  contributions  to  a 
medical  periodical;  and  a  paper  which  will  be  found  in  Dr. 
F.  S.  Simmons's  work  on  the  Tsenia,  Lon.,  1778,  Svo.— Lon. 
Med.  Journal. 

Blackburne,  Wm.,  M.D.  Cure  of  Scarlet  Fever, 
Lon.,  1803,  Svo. 

Blackenbury,  E.    53  Discourses,  1806,  2  vols.  Svo. 

Blacker,  Lt.  Col.  Valentine.  Operations  of  the 
British  Army  in  India  during  the  Mahratta  War  of  1817 
'18,  '19 ;  2  vols.  4to,  1821.  Pub.  at  £4  14*.  6rf.  Commended 
as  a  very  comprehensive  and  accurate  work. 

Blacker,  Sir  Wm.  1.  Claims  of  the  Landed  Interest, 
Svo.  2.  Improvements  to  be  made  on  small  farms  in  Ireland 
by  means  of  green  crops  and  feeding  animals  in  the  stalls. 
Some  pamphlets  on  the  currency,  proposing  the  use  of  an 
inconvertible  paper-money,  1834,  Svo. 


|  "  In  our  opinion,  no  writer  on  Ireland  ever  looked  at  the  coun 
try  in  the  true  light,  except  Mr.  Blacker;  the  means  that  are 
wanted  must  be  afforded,  and  the  demands  of  rent  must  be  mode 
rate,  in  order  to  allow  the  gradual  possession  of  capital  in  the  hands 
of  tenantry.  .  .  .  Mr.  Blacker  has  left  a  name  of  very  enviable  repu 
tation." — Donaldson's  Agricult.  Biog. 

Blackerby,  Rev.  Samuel.  An  Historical  account  of 
Penal  Laws  made  by  Papists  against  Protestants,  and  by 
Protestants  against  Papists,  Lon.,  1689,  fol.  Justice  of  the 
Peace,  his  Companion,  Lon.,  1734,  7  vols.  12mo. 

"For  his  way  of  preaching,  I  am  well  acquainted  with  it:  he 
is  not  ambitious  of  that  which  some  call  the  knack  of  preaching; 
to  start  some  spruce  notion,  or  crop  the  flowers  of  elegancy.  But 
his  dexterity  lies  in  that  which  Luther  terms  the  right  Art  of 
Preaching — to  hold  forth  Jesus  Christ,  and  true  grace,  in  a  search 
ing  way, — that  his  people  may  learn  to  swim  to  Heaven  in  a  Gospel 
channel." — THOMAS  HOLBOROUOH. 

Blacket,  Joseph,  1786-1810,  the  son  of  a  labourer 
of  Yorkshire,  printed  in  1809,  for  private  circulation,  spe 
cimens  of  the  Poetry  of  Joseph  Blacket.  His  Remains, 
with  Life  by  Pratt,  appeared  in  1811,  2  vols.  Svo. 

"  Taking  Mr.  Blacket's  humble  connections  and  narrow  educa 
tion  into  the  account,  we  must  confess  that  he  was  an  extraordi 
nary  youth."-— Lon.  Monthly  Review,  1811. 

Blackett,  B.  E.     Sermons,  1753,  '60,  '71,  4to. 

Blackett,  Mary  D.     Suicide,  a  Poem,  1789,  4to. 

Blackford,  C.  Hints  to  Cultivators  of  the  Sugar 
Cane,  Phil.  Mag.  xiii.  289,  1814. 

Blackford,  Isaac.  Cases  in  Superior  Court  of  In 
diana,  1817-44,  5  vols.  Svo,  Indianapolis,  1830-44. 

';  These  volumes  have  the  reputation  of  being  among  the  best 
American  reports.  Most  of  the  dissentient  opinions  are  omitted, 
as  well  as  the  arguments  of  counsel,  which  is  a  very  commendable 
example  to  all  other  reporters." — Marvin's  Lf.gal  Bibl. 

Blackball,  Offspring.     See  BLACKALL. 

Blackleack,  John.  Endeavours  aiming  at  the  glory 
of  God,  that  Peace  and  Truth  may  meet  together;  with  an 
Account  of  the  best  Forms  of  Government,  Lon.,  1650,  4to. 

Blackley,  Thomas.  Practical  Sermons,  3  vols. 
1826,  12rno. 

"  The  subjects  of  the  discourses  are  almost  all  interesting,  and 
the  leading  doctrines  of  Christianity  are  brought  forward  to  notice 
in  a  very  prominent  manner." — Edinburgh  Theological  Magazine. 

Blackley,  William,  domestic  chaplain  to  the  Rt. 
Hon.  Viscount  Hill.  Correspondence  of  the  Rt.  Hon. 
Richard  Hill. 

"  Mr.  Hill's  Correspondence,  though  not  set  forth  with  any  such 
view,  is  a  supplement  to  the  Maryborough  Despatches,  and  a  need 
ful  explanation  of  them  on  some  material  points." — Lon. Examiner. 

Blacklock,  Ambrose,  Surgeon,  of  Dumfries.  Trea 
tise  on  Sheep  and  the  Wool  Trade,  Lon.,  1838,  ISmo. 

''The  contents  treat  only  the  black-faced  breed  of  Scotland, 
which  are  a  small  portion  of  the  feniily  of  sheep.  The  anatomy 
of  the  animal  and  diseases  are  well  delineated." — Donaldso-n't 
Agricult.  Sing. 

The  70  Weeks  of  Daniel,  Lon.,  1850,  Svo. 

Blacklock,  Thomas,  1721-1791,  was  a  native  of 
Annan  in  Scotland;  his  parents  were  English.  When 
only  six  months  old,  he  lost  his  sight  by  sinall-pox,  and 
suffered  under  total  blindness  all  his  life.  Notwithstand 
ing  this  deprivation,  he  acquired  a  very  respectable  know 
ledge  of  Greek,  Latin,  French,  Italian,  Theology,  and 
gained  considerable  distinction  as  an  author.  After  a 
course  of  study  at  the  University  in  Edinburgh,  he  was 
licensed  as  a  preacher  in  the  Church  of  Scotland  in  1759, 
and  in  1767  received  the  diploma  of  D.D.  from  Aberdeen. 
His  first  publication  was  a  volume  of  Poems  in  1754,  Edin., 
Svo,  to  which  was  prefixed  an  Account  of  his  life,  cha 
racter,  and  writings,  by  his  friend,  the  Rev.  Joseph  Spence, 
Professor  of  Poetry  at  Oxford.  Mr.  B.  contributed  to  a 
Collection  of  Poems,  pub.  Edin.,  1760,  12mo.  Paraclesis, 
partly  trans,  from  Cicero,  appeared  in  1767,  Edin.,  Svo. 
Two  Discourses  on  the  Spirit  and  Evidences  of  Chris 
tianity,  from  the  French  of  Armand,  1768.  He  also  pub.  A 
Satirical  Panegyric  on  Great  Britain;  The  Graham,  an 
Heroic  Ballad;  Remarks  on  the  Nature  and  Extent  of 
Liberty.  In  1793  appeared  Poems,  together  with  an 
article  on  the  Education  of  the  Blind,  [pub.  in  Encyc. 
Brit.]  to  which  is  prefixed  A  New  Account  of  the  Life  and 
Writings  of  the  Author,  by  Henry  Mackenzie,  Esq.,  4to. 
In  1762  he  married"-*  lady  who  proved  admirably  calcu 
lated  to  promote  his  happiness. 

"  I  have  known  him  dictate  from  thirty  to  forty  verses — and  by 
no  means  bad  ones— as  fast  as  I  could  write  them ;  but  the  mo 
ment  he  was  at  a  loss  for  verse,  or  a  rhyme,  to  his  liking,  he  stopt 
altogether,  and  could  very  seldom  be  induced  to  tinish  what  he 
had  begun  with  so  much  ardour." — Statement  of  a  friend. 

"  He  never  could  dictate  till  he  stood  up;  and  as  his  blindness 
made  walking  about  without  assistance  inconvenient  or  dangerous 
to  him,  he  fell  insensibly  into  a  vibratory  sort  of  motion  with  his 
body,  which  increased  as  he  warmed  with  his  subject  and  w 
pleased  with  the  conceptions  of  his  mind."— REV.  JOSEVH  SPENCJ 

The  attainments  of  Mr.  Blacklock  under  so  great  a  dis- 


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advantage  as  blindness    are  a  standing  rebuke  to  those 
"  who  having  eyes  see  not,"  and  pass  through  life  with  j 
minds  almost  as  much  unfurnished  as  when  they  com 
menced  their  probation. 

"  Few  men  blessed  with  the  most  perfect  sight  can  describe 
visual  objects  with  more  spirit  and  justness  than  this  blind  man." 
— BURKE  :  Essay  on  the  Sublime  and  Bnaut>ful,  which  see. 

"  Dr.  Johnson  talked  of  Mr.  Blacklock's  poetry,  so  far  as  it  was 
descriptive  of  visible  objects ;  and  observed,  that,  as  its  author  had 
the  misfortune  to  be  blind,  we  may  be  absolutely  sure  that  such 
passages  are  combinations  of  what  he  has  remembered  of  the  works 
of  others  who  could  see.  That  foolish  fellow,  .S  pence,  has  laboured 
to  explain  philosophically  how  Blacklock  may  have  done,  by  means 
of  his  own  faculties,  what  it  is  impossible  he  should  do.  The  solu 
tion,  as  I  have  given  it,  is  plain.  Suppose,  I  know  a  man  to  be  so 
lame  he  is  absolutely  incapable  to  move  himself,  and  I  find  him 
in  a  different  room  from  that  in  which  I  left  him ;  shall  I  puzzle 
myself  with  idle  conjectures,  that  perhaps  his  nerves  have  by 
some  unknown  change  all  at  once  become  effective  ?  No,  sir,  it  is 
clear  how  he  got  into  a  different  room ;  he  was  carried." — BosweWs 
Johnson. 

Blackloe,  Thomas.     See  WHITE,  THOMAS. 

Blackmail,  John.  Collectarium  Mansuetudinum  et 
bonorum  Morum  Regis  Henrici  VI.,  etc.  Reprinted  by 
Hearne  in  his  edition  of  Otterbourne. 

Blackmore,  John.  Addresses  to  the  Sick,  2d  ed., 
Lon.,  1828,  24mo. 

Blackmore,  Sir  Richard,  M.D.,  d.  1729,  the  son 
of  an  attorney  in  Wilts,  matriculated  at  St.  Edmund's  Hall, 
Oxford,  in  1668.  He  was  knighted  by  William  III.,  to 
whom  he  was  appointed  in  1697  physician  in  ordinary. 
His  publications  were  numerous :  we  notice  some  of  the 
principal.  His  first  work,  Prince  Arthur,  an  Heroic  Poem, 
appeared  in  1695,  and  three  editions  were  called  for  in  less 
than  two  years. 

"  'Tis  strange  that  an  author  should  have  a  gamester's  fate,  and 
not  know  when  to  give  over.  Had  the  city-bard  stopped  his  hand 
at  Prince  Arthur,  he  had  missed  knighthood,  'tis  true,  but  be  had 
gone  off  with  some  applause." — T.  Brown's  Wirrks,  vol.  Jv.  118. 

In  1700  he  pub.  Paraphrases  on  Job,  the  Songs  of  Moses, 
Deborah,  and  David,  and  on  4  Select  Psalms,  chapters  of 
Isaiah,  and  3d  chap,  of  Habakkuk.  The  excellent  Mat 
thew  Henry  quotes  more  frequently  from  Blackmore  in  his 
commentaries  than  from  any  other  poet.  In  the  same  year 
he  pub.  a  Satyr  against  Wit,  which  so  offended  the  poets  of 
the  day,  that  in  T.  Brown's  Works  there  are  more  than  20 
satirical  pieces  against  Blackmore.  One  of  his  assailants 
joins  him  to  Bentley,  thus  : 

"  A  monument  of  dullness  to  erect, 
Bentley  should  write  and  Blackmore  should  correct. 
Like  which  no  other  piece  can  e'er  be  wrought, 
For  decency  of  style  and  life  of  thought, 
But  that  where  Bentley  shall  in  judgment  sit, 
To  pare  excrescences  from  Black  more's  wit." 

Sir  Richard  might  sit  very  easily  under  a  lash  which 
was  aimed  also  at  the  great  master  of  classical  learning. 
Dryden  declared  that  Sir  Richard  wrote  his  poetry  to  the 
"rumbling  of  his  chariot  wheels,"  and  waspish  little  Pope 
gave  him  a  place  in  that  convenient  pillory — the  Dunciad. 
In  1713  he  commenced  a  periodical  called  The  Lay  Monk; 
only  40  numbers  appeared.  Not  forgetting  his  profession, 
he  gave  to  the  world  a  number  of  medical  works,  viz. :  On 


&c.,  1727.  His  principal  work,  Creation,  a  Philosophical 
Poem,  appeared  in  1712,  and  reached  its  4th  edit  in  1718. 
This  poem  has  been  much  admired.  Ambrose  Philips 
told  Mr.  Draper,  who  told  Dr.  Johnson,  (see  Lives  of  the 
Poets,)  that 

"  Blackmore,  as  he  proceeded  in  this  poem,  laid  his  MS.  from 
time  to  time  before  a  club  of  wits,  with  whom  he  associated-  and 
that  every  man  contributed,  as  he  could,  either  improvement  or 
correction :  so  that  there  are  perhaps  nowhere  in  the  book  thirty 
lines  together  that  now  stand  as  they  were  originally  written." 

This  relation  may  be  received  with  great  doubt  Den 
nis  speaks  of  The  Creation  in  glowing  terms  : 

"  A  philosophical  poem  which  has  equalled  that  of  Lucretius  in 
the  beauty  of  its  versification,  and  infinitely  surpassed  -it  in  the 
solidity  and  strength  of  its  reasoning." 

Addison's  praise  might  well  be  coveted  by  any  poet: 

"  It  deserves  to  be  looked  upon  as  one  of  the  most  useful  and 
noble  productions  in  our  English  verse.  The  reader  cannot  but 
be  pleased  to  find  the  depths  of  philosophy  enlivened  with  all  the 
charms  of  poetry,  and  to  see  so  great  a  strength  of  reason,  amidst 
so  beautiful  a  redundancy  of  the  imagination." — Spectator,  No.  339. 

"  It  wants  neither  harmony  of  numbers,  accuracy  of  thought, 
nor  elegance  of  diction :  it  has  either  been  written  with  great  care, 
or,  what  cannot  be  imagined  of  so  long  a  work,  with  such  felicity 
as  made  care  less  necessary." — DR.  JOHNSON. 

In  addition  to  his  other  titles  to  respect,  Sir  Richard  had 
that  ornament  without  which  all  other  advantages  are  of 
little  account— he  was  a  man  of  humble  and  devoted  piety. 

Blackmore,  R.  W.,  Chaplain  of  the  Russian  Com 
pany  in  Cronstadt  The  Doctrine  of  the  Russian  Church, 


trans,  from  the  Slavono-Russian,  Lon.,  1845,  8vo.  A  Har 
mony  of  Anglican  Doctrine,  with  the  doctrine  of  the  Apos 
tolic  and  Catholic  Church  of  the  East,  which  may  serve  as 
an  appendix  to  the  vol.  entit.  The  Doctrine  of  the  Russian 
Church,  Aberd.,  1846,  8vo.  A  trans,  of  Mouravieff's  His 
tory  of  the  Church  of  Russia,  Oxf.,  1842,  8vo. 

Blackrie,  Alexander.  A  Disquisition  on  Medi 
cines  which  dissolve  the  Stone,  Lon.,  1766,  12mo;  2d  ed. 
enlarged  and  improved,  1771,  8vo. 

Blackstone,  Henry.  Reports  in  Common  Pleas 
and  Exchequer,  1788-96,  Lon.,  2  vols.  fol.  1793-96 ;  3d 
edition  with  additions,  2  vols.  8vo,  1801;  (Phil.  2  vols. 
8vo,  1808-09 ;)  4th  ed.,  2  vols.  8vo,  Lon.,  1827. 

"  The  reporter  has  uniformly  confined  his  attention  to  points  of 
real  importance,  and  throughout  his  work  evinces  much  accuracy 
and  fidelity,  -with  as  great  a  degree  of  conciseness  as  is  consistent 
with  perspicuity." 

Blackstone,  Jo.,  an  apothecary.  Fasciculus  Plan- 
tarum  circa  Harefield,  etc.,  Lon.,  1737,  8vo.  Specimen 
Botanicum,  etc.,  Lon.,  1746,  8vo. 

"  Interesting  and  useful  works  on  botany." 

Blackstone,  Sir  William,  1723-1780,  was  the 
fourth  son  of  Charles  Blackstone,  a  silkman  in  London. 
He  was  placed  in  the  Charter-house  School  in  1730,  and 
at  the  age  of  fifteen  was  admitted  a  Commoner  of  Pem 
broke  College,  Oxford.  November  20th,  1741,  he  entered 
the  Middle  Temple.  Determined  to  devote  himself  to  the 
duties  of  his  profession,  he  bade  adieu  to  the  more  flowery 
paths  of  literature  in  those  well-known  verses,  The  Law 
yer's  Farewell  to  his  Muse,  subsequently  pub.  in  vol.  4th  of 
Dodsley's  Collection.  In  Nov.,  1743,  he  was  elected  into 
the  society  of  All  Souls'  College ;  June  12th,  1745,  he  com 
menced  Bachelor  of  Civil  Law ;  on  the  28th  Nov.,  1746, 
he  was  called  to  the  bar,  and  April  26th,  1750,  he  com 
menced  Doctor  of  Civil  Law.  It  may  be  some  encourage 
ment  to  young  lawyers  to  remember  that  the  talents  even 
of  Blackstone  were  at  first  so  much  overlooked,  that  his 
limited  business  failed  to  cover  his  very  moderate  ex 
penses  ,•  he  therefore  resolved  to  retire  from  the  apology 
for  a  practice  which  he  possessed,  and  support  himself  by 
his  Fellowship  and  private  lecturing.  Accordingly,  in  Mi 
chaelmas  Term,  1753,  he  commenced  reading  two  Lectures 
on  the  Laws  of  England  to  a  large  and  interested  auditory. 
In  order  to  render  the  duties  of  his  class  less  difficult,  he 
pub.  (1756)  an  Analysis  of  the  Laws  of  England,  which 
proved  of  great  service  to  a  comprehension  of  the  subject 
He  had  already  made  his  appearance  as  an  author  in  his 
Essay  (1750)  on  Collateral  Consanguinity,  which  had  re 
ference  to  the  claims  for  Fellowships  in  All  Souls'  College 
based  upon  asserted  connexion  with  the  founder,  Arch 
bishop  Chicheley.  In  1756,  Charles  Viner,  the  compiler 
of  an  Abridgment  of  Law  and  Equity,  (see  VINER,)  died, 
and  bequeathed  the  sum  of  £12,000  to  the  University  of 
Oxford  for  the  establishment  of  a  Law  Professorship,  and 
the  endowment  of  Fellowships  and  Scholarships  in  Com 
mon  Law.  On  the  20th  Oct.,  1758,  Blackstone  was  unani 
mously  elected  the  first  professor,  with  a  salary  of  £200. 
His  introductory  Lecture  produced  a  most  favourable  im 
pression,  and  the  Vice-Chancellor  and  Heads  of  Houses 
requested  him  to  publish  it.  This  Lecture  will  be  found 
prefixed  to  vol.  i.  of  the  Commentaries.  The  fame  of  his 
Lectures  reached  the  ears  of  George  III.,  then  Prince  of 
Wales,  who  tendered  him  an  invitation  to  read  them  to 
him.  His  engagements  prevented  his  complying  with  this 
flattering  request,  but  he  transmitted  some  specimens  to 
the  prince,  who  begged  his  acceptance  of  a  handsome 
token  of  his  approbation.  In  1759  he  resumed  practice 
in  London,  visiting  Oxford  at  the  periods  appointed  for 
his  Lectures.  In  the  preceding  year  he  edited  a  magnifi 
cent  edition  of  Magna  Charta  and  the  Forest  Charter. 
Of  this  work  Professor  Smyth  remarks : 

"Of  his  History  of  the  Charters  it  is  in  vain  to  attempt  any 
abridgment;  for  such  is  the  precision  of  his  taste,  and  such  the 
importance  of  the  subject,  that  there  is  not  a  sentence  in  the  com 
position  that  is  not  necessary  to  the  whole,  and  that  should  not 
be  perused.  Whatever  other  works  may  be  read  slightly  or 
omitted,  this  is  one  the  entire  meditation  of  which  can  in  no  re 
spect  be  dispensed  with.  The  claims  which  it  has  on  our  atten 
tion  are  of  no  common  nature.  The  labour  which  this  eminent 
lawyer  has  bestowed  on  the  subject  is  sufficiently  evident."— Lec 
tures  on  Modern  History. 

In  1761  he  was  elected  to  Parliament  for  the  borough 
of  Hindon ;  and  in  the  same  year  had  a  patent  of  prece 
dence  granted  to  him  to  rank  as  King's  Counsel,  having 
declined  the  office  of  Chief  Justice  of  the  Court  of  Com 
mon  Pleas  in  Ireland.  Vacating  his  Fellowship  by  mar 
riage,  he  was  appointed  Principal  of  New  Inn  Hall,  and 
in  1763  received  the  appointment  of  Solicitor  to  the  Queen. 
In  1770  he  was  made  one  of  the  Judges  of  the  Court  of 
Common  Pleas,  which  office  he  held  for  the  remaining  ten 

197 


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years  of  his  life.     As  many  imperfect  and  incorrect  copies  1 
of  his  Lectures  were  in  circulation  in  MS.  among  the  pro 
fession,  and  a  pirated  edition  was  understood  to  be  in  the 
press,  the  author  determined  to  give  a  correct  copy  to  the 
world.     The  Commentaries  on  the  Laws  of  England  were, 
therefore,  pub.  in  4  vols.  4to,  Oxf.,  1765-68.     This  great 
work  at  once  superseded  the  standard  manuals — Finch's 
Law,  Wood's  Institutes,  &c.     Enemies,  however,  were  not 
wanting  to  attack  the  Commentaries  on  account  of  the 
conservative  tone  which  was  charged  upon  them  by  the 
"reformers"  of  the  day.     Jeremy  Bentham  pub.  in  1776 
his  Comment  upon  the  Commentaries,  and  censures  the 
"antipathy  to  reformation"  which  he  discovered  in  Black-  J 
stone's  volumes.     This  objection  is  happily  answered  by  i 
Mr.  Roscoe,  who  remarks  that 

"  Blackstone  did  not  profess  to  be  a  censor,  but  merely  an  ex-  j 
posi  tor,  of  the  law." 

"  His  object  was,  in  fact,  to  show  what  the  Law  of  England  was, 
not  what  it  ought  to  be." — Cunningham's  Bir.g.  Hint. 

Dr.  Priestley  also  pub.  some  Remarks  on  the  4th  volume, 
which  were  answered  by  Blackstone,  1769,  8vo.  Black- 
stone  also  pub.  Considerations  on  Copy  Holders,  and  some  ; 
other  legal  treatises,  Reports,  <fec.,  and  is  author  of  a  vin-  j 
dication  of  Addison  respecting  his  misunderstanding  with  : 
Pope,  in  the  Biog.  Brit.  See  ADDISON.  A  list  of  edi-  i 
tions,  abridgments  of  the  Commentaries,  etc.,  will  be  found 
in  Lowndes's  Bibliographer's  Manual ;  consult  also  Anthon,  \ 
Ayres,  Bentham,  Curry,  Field,  Furneux,  Priestley,  Rowe,  I 
Sedgwick,  Warren,  Marvin,  <fec.  We  observe  by  the  cata-  I 
logue  of  Messrs.  Longman,  Brown,  Greeun,  and  Longman,  ! 
November,  1853,  that  they  advertise  as- in  preparation  the  i 
twenty-third  edition,  including  the  alterations  to  the  pre 
sent  time,  edited  by  James  Stewart,  Esq.,  of  Lincoln's 
Inn.  It  will  not  be  expected  that  we  should  enter  into  an 
examination  of  the  merits  of  the  annotations  of  the  many 
distinguished  legal  authors  who  have  profitably  exercised 
their  profound  learning  and  critical  acumen  in  the  illus 
tration  of  Blackstone.  Messrs.  Burn,  Williams,  Christian, 
Archbold,  Coleridge,  Chitty,  Curry,  Gifford,  Field,  Wanos- 
trocht,  Taylor,  Rowe,  Stephen,  Stewart,  <fcc.,  deserve  ho 
nourable  mention  whenever  the  name  of  the  great  Com 
mentator  occurs.  Not  only  the  members  of  the  profession 
are  debtors  to  these  gentlemen,  but  for  their  labours  the 
gratitude  of  the  public  at  large  is  eminently  due.  As  we 
have  had  occasion  to  remark  in  another  place,  so  long  as 
it  is  not  "  possible"  to  "  liv.e  peaceably  with  all  men" — so 
long  as  there  are  rights  to  be  vindicated,  wrongs  to  be  re 
dressed,  boundaries  to  be  denned,  and  property  to  be  se 
cured — so  long  shall  we  need  the  legal  profession  to  be 
"with  us."  As  every  one,  therefore,  is  liable  to  personal 
experience  of,  and  serious  suffering  from,  the  indecision 
of  the  bench,  the  perplexities  of  the  bar,  and  the  igno 
rance  and  prejudice  of  the  juries,  so  ev.ery  one  can  per 
ceive  the  value  of  those  compilations  by  which  forensic 
wisdom  is  placed  upon  record,  and  the  philosophy  of  juris 
prudence,  illustrated  by  the  expositions  of  its  most  pro 
found  sages,  occupies  the  "seat  of  Gamaliel"  for  the  in 
struction  of  mankind.  The  perusal  of  Blackstone  and  his 
Commentators,  besides  the  other  advantages  offered  to  the 
intelligent  mind,  will  hardly  fail  to.,  produce  one  valuable 
result.  It  will  expose  the  absurdity  of  that  popular  cant 
— so  common  with  conceited  ignorance- — which  would  ad 
vise  us  to  cashier  our  lawyers,  and  give  the  law-calf  of  our 
libraries  to  the  flames.  The  settlement  of  rights,  the  as 
certainment  of  duties,  and  the  various  issues  proceeding 
therefrom,  must  ever  constitute  a  science,  with  its  code  of 
laws  and  corps  of  professors,  so  long  as  it  is  preferable  to 
have  established  principles  which  shall  rule  individual 
cases,  to  an  endless  litigation  upon  isolated  instances. 
We  can  hardly  close  this  article,  long  as  it  is,  with  pro 
priety,  without  citing  the  opinions  of  some  eminent  autho 
rities  upon  a  work  which  (though  not  faultless)  can  only 
perish  in  the  general  wreck  of  the  recorded  wisdom  of  the 
world  : 

"  Correct,  elegant,  unembarrassed,  ornamented,  the  style  is  such 
as  could  scarce  fail  to  recommend  a  work  still  more  vicious  in  point 
of  matter  to  the  multitude  of  readers.  He  it  is,  in  short,  who, 
first  of  all  institutional  writers,  has  taught  jurisprudence  to  speak 
the  language  of  the  scholar  and  the  gentleman;  put  a  polish  upon 
that  rugged  science ;  cleansed  her  from  the  dust  and  cobwebs  of 
the  office;  and  if  he  has  not  enriched  her  with  that  precision 
which  is  drawn  only  from  the  sterling  treasury  of  the  sciences, 
has  decked  her  out,  however,  to  advantage,  from  the  toilet  of  clas 
sical  erudition;  enlivened  her  with  metaphors  and  allusions;  and 
gent  her  abroad  in  some  measure  to  instruct,  and  in  still  greater 
measure  to  entertain,  the  most  miscellaneous,  and  even  the  most 
fastidious,  societies.  The  merit,  to  which,  as  much  perhaps  as  to 
any,  the  work  stands  indebted  for  its  reputation,  is  the  enchanting 
harmony  of  its  numbers ;  a  kind  of  merit  that  of  itself  is  suffi 
cient  to  give  a  certain  degree  of  celebrity  to  a  work  devoid  of  every 
198 


other:  so  much  is  man  governed  by  the  ear." — JEREMY  BENTHAM  5 
Fragment  on  Government. 

"  You,  of  course,  read  Blackstone  over  and  over  again ;  and,  if 
so,  pray  tell  me  whether  you  agree  with  me  in  thinking  his  style 
of  Knglisb  the  very  best  among  our  modern  writers;  always  easy 
and  intelligible,  far  ihore  correct  than  Hume,  and  less  studfed  aud 
made  up  than  Robertson." — C.  J.  Fix,  in  «  let'tr  to  Mr.  TrMer. 

"His  purity  of  style  I  particularly  admire.  He  was  distin 
guished  as  much  for  simplicity  and  strength  as  any  writer  in  the 
English  language.  He  was  perfectly  free  from  all  Gallicism*  and 
ridiculous  affectations,  for  which  so  many  of  our  modern  authors 
and  orators  are  so  remarkable.  Upon  this  ground,  therefore,  1  es 
teem  Judge  Blackstone;  but  as  a  constitutional  writer  he  is  by  no 
means  an  object  of  my  esteem." — C.  J.  FI*X*S  D(bute.  on  t/ie  admis 
sion  of  Lord  Ellenborough  into  the  Cabinet.  See  Cunningham's 
Biog.  History. 

We  refer  the  reader  to  the  article  Blackstone  in  Marvin's 
Legal  Bibliography,  from  which,  and  the  opinions  there 
quoted,  we  shall  make  some  extracts  : 

"  Probably  there  is  not  a  treatise  mentioned  in  the  whole  Bibli 
ography  of  the  common  law,  about  which  a  greater  contrariety  of 
opinion  has  existed  than  of  Blackstone's  Commentaries.  Soon 
after  their  publication  the  controversy  began,  and  from  that  time 
to  the  present  these  volumes;  on  the  one  hand,  have  been  most 
acrimoniously  and  unjustly  criticised,  and.  on  the  other,  inordi 
nately  and  injudiciously  praised.  Impertinent  and  unfair  criti 
cism  will  no  more  guide  us  to  a  proper  opinion  of  the  value  of  a 
production,  than  over-zealous  and  indiscriminate  praise.  Did  we 
believe  the  former,  Blackstone  is  Un  immethodical,  uninformed 
writer,  whose  Commentaries  'contain  somewhat  which  is  not  law 
upon  almost  every  page.'  Did  we  believe  the  latter,  his  Commentaries 
are  unsurpassed  models  of  method,  precision,  and  clearness,  which 
should  be  perused  iterum  utijue  iterum.  All  are,  however,  agreed, 
that  they  are  written  in  a  nervous,  elegant,  and  pellucid  style; 
models  of  legal  purity  of  diction.  Before  the  time  of  Sir  Matthew 
Hale,  the  Common  Law  was  considered  as  incapable  of  system,  by 
reason,  it  was  said,  of  the  indigestedness  of  it,  and  the  multipli 
city  of  the  cases;  but  Hale  was  not  of  this  opinion,  and  by  his 
Analysis  fully  showed  how  capable  the  subject  was  of  method  and 
system.  On  this  foundation  Blackstone  built  his  immortal  work." 

Mr.  Austin  is  very  severe  upon  our  author: 

"  The  method  observed  by  Blackstone  in  his  too  celebrated  Com 
mentaries,  is  a  slavish  and  blundering  copy  of  the  very  imperfect 
method  which  Hale  delineated  roughly  in  his  short  and  unfinish 
ed  Analysis.  From  the  outset  to  the  end  of  his  Commentaries,  he 
blindly  adopts  the  mistakes  of  his  rude  and  compendious  model; 
missing  invariably,  with  a  nice  and  surprising  infelicity,  the  preg 
nant  but  obscure  suggestions  which  it  proffered  to  his  attention, 
and  which  would  have  guided  a  discerning  and  inventive  writer 
to  an  arrangement  comparatively  just.  Neither  in  the  general 
conception  nor  in  the  detail  of  his  book,  is  there  a  single  particle 
of  original  and  discriminating  thought.  He  had  read  somewhat, 
(though  far  less  than  is  commonly  believed.)  but  he  had  swallowed 
the  matter  of  his  reading  without  choice  and  without  rumination." 
— Outline,  of  a  Course  of  Lectures,  63. 

"  Perhaps  no  professional  writer  has  suffered  more  from  the  zeal 
of  injudicious  admirers  than  Blackstone  in  his  celebrated  Commen 
taries.  They  were  not  designed  for  students  at  law,  but  for  stu 
dents  at  the  University;  they  were  not  addressed  to  professional, 
but  to  unprofessional,  readers.  He  was  not  a  lecturer  of  an  Inn 
of  Court,  but  a  University  professor — not  to  inform  lawyers,  but 
to  render  the  law  intelligible  to  the  uninformed  minds  of  begin 
ners.  Addressing  himself  to  persons  of  this  description,  like  an 
experienced  actor,  he  accommodated  himself  to  the  temper  and  cha 
racter  of  his  audience,  rather  for  effect  than  with  a  view  to  de 
monstrate.  Like  the  gnomon  upon  the  sun-dial,  he  takes  no  ac 
count  of  any  hours  but  the  serene.  A  man  may  read  Blackstone's 
Commentaries  from  one  end  to  the  other,  and  yet  have  no  notion 
that  a  proposition  in  law  is  as  capable  of  being  resolved  and  de 
monstrated  as  a  proposition  in  mathematics.  In  the  rank  of  ele 
mentary  composition  they  might  forever  have  reposed  beneath  un 
disturbed  laurels;  but  he  who  would  make  them  the  institute  of 
his  professional  education  imprudently  forces  them  into  an  ele 
ment  which  is  not  their  own.  and  lays  the  foundation  for  those 
perilous  misunderstandings — that  unlawyer-like.  jejune  smatter 
ing,  which  informs  without  enlightening,  and  leaves  its  deluded 
votary  at  once  profoundly  ignorant  and  contented." — Ritso's  Law 
Education,  30,  76.  See  also  Jones  on  Bailments,  4;  Hargrave's 
Law  Tracts,  45. 

"  A  good  gentleman's  law-book;  clear,  but  not  deep." — J.  HORNS 

TOOKE. 

"  Blackstone  is  a  feeble  reasoner,  and  a  confused  thinker." — 
Mackintosh's  Ethical  Philosophy,  187. 

"  Blackstone's  knowledge  of  English  History  was  rather  superfi 
cial."—  Hattam't  Middle  Ages.  ch.  viii. 

"  In  questions  upon  Constitutional  Law,  Blackstone  is  not  au 
thority."—  Cartwright's  Constitution.  29;  Fox,  6  Cobldt's  Farl.  Deb., 
814,  crnitra ;  Story's  Inaugural  Address,  59. 

"  Blackstone's  opinions  on  the  Criminal  Law.  as  contained  in  his 
Commentaries,  are  to  be  regarded  as  the  offspring  of  an  eager 
rather  than  a  well-informed  mind."— LORD  ELPON,  1  Jurist.  459.  iV 

"Gives  a  brief  but  a  trifling  account  of  Equity  Jurisprudence. 
—1  Mad.  Chnncery  Pref.  19.  "  Not  authority."—!  Scho.  &  Lff., 
327  ;  Peck's  Trial,  303;  'Kitso's  Law  Education,  33. 

"Good  authority."  "The  Commentaries  are  still  quoted,  and 
as  frequently  as  ever  in  the  Courts  of  Law  and  Equity;  if  possible, 
with  increased  respect  for  the  value  of  Blackstone's  opinions,  and 
of  the  evidence  which  his  pages  afford,  of  the  former  state  of  the 
law."—  Warren's  Law  Studies,  776 ;  4  Durm.  &  East,  311 ;  American 
Reports',  passim. 

"  The  Commentaries  contain  a  thousand  sophistries,  dangerous 
to  the  principles  which  every  citizen  of  our  free  republic  oiifrht, 
and  every  professor  of  our  laws  is  sworn,  to  maintain."— Sampson 
on  Corles  and  Com.  Law,  6. 

"  Blackstone's  Commentaries  are  a  wonderful  work,  and  the  more 


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a  lawyer  reads  and  studies  the  more  he  will  appreciate  them;  it  is  I 
not  with  him  we  find  fault,  but  with  those  who  blindly  copy  him  . 
even  in  his  errors,  who  seem  to  think  nothing  in  him  can  be  wrong,  J 
nothing  improved  upon." — 2  L.  M.,  62. 

"  I  recommend  the  Commentaries  of  Blackstone  as  a  general 
book.  The  intention  of  that  ingenious  writer  was  to  give  a  com-  , 
prehensive  outline;  and  when  we  consider  the  multiplicity  of  doc-  ; 
trine  which  he  embraced,  the  civil,  the  criminal,  the  theoretical  and  j 
practical  branches  of  the  law,  we  must  confess  the  hand  of  a  master,  j 
But  in  the  minutiae  he  is  frequently,  very  frequently,  inaccurate,  j 
He  should,  therefore,  be  read  with  caution.  The  student,  in  read-  ! 
ing  him,  will  often  require  explanation  from  him  whose  duty  it  is  ! 
to  instruct." — Watkins's  Prin.  of  Conveyancing  Int.,  28. 

"  Blackstone' s  manner  is  clear  and  methodical ;  his  sentiments,  j 
I  speak  of  them  generally,  are  judicious  and  solid  ;  his  language  is  j 
elegant  and  pure.  In  public  law,  however,  he  should  be  consulted  i 
with  a  cautious  prudence.  But  even  in  public  law.  his  principles,  j 
when  thev  are  not  proper  objects  of  imitation,  will  furnish  excel-  i 
lent  materials  of  contrast.  On  every  account,  therefore,  he  should  j 
be  read  and  studied.  He  deserves  to  be  much  admired ;  but  he 
ought  not  to  be  implicitly  followed."—  Wilson's  Works,  22. 

"  Till  of  late  I  could  never  with  any  satisfaction  to  myself,  point 
out  a  book  proper  for  the  perusal  of  a  student;  but  since  the  pub 
lication  of  Mr.  Blackstone's  Commentaries,  I  can  never  be  at  a 
loss."— LORD  MANSFIELD  :  Holliday's  Life  of,  89. 

At  the  conclusion  of  these  quotations,  Mr.  Marvin  gives 
us  the  following  general  references :  Williams's  Study  of 
the  Law,  92;  Bever's  Legal  Polity,  474;  1  Kent,  512; 
4  do.,  209 ;  Trotter's  Memoirs  of  Fox,  512 ;  3  London  Ju 
rist,  106;  Woddeson's  Elements,  189;  Hoffman's  Legal 
Study,  152;  Ruggles's  Barrister,  187  ;  Wright's  Study  of 
the  Law,  59;  Amos's  Introductory  Lecture,  19;  Selwin's 
N.  P.,  45,  N. ;  12  A.  J.,  9. 

We  conclude  our  notice  of  this  eminent  lawyer  by  citing 
the  opinion  of  Professor  Smyth  of  Cambridge  : 

"  De  Lolme  is  too  much  of  a  panegyrist  upon  our  constitution, 
as  indeed  is  Blackstone, — not  to  say  that  the  latter  is  rather  a 
lawyer  than  a  constitutional  writer.  Blackstone  is  quite  inferior 
to  himself,  when  he  becomes  a  political  reasoner;  and  if  he  had 
lived  in  our  own  times,  he  would  not  have  written  (he  could  not 
have  written,  a  man  of  such  capacity)  in  the  vague  and  even  super 
ficial  manner  in  which  he  has  certainly  done,  on  many  of  such 
occasions,  in  his  great  work  of  the  Commentaries.  .  .  .  However 
distinguished  for  his  high  endowments  and  extensive  acquire 
ments,  and  however  impressed  with  a  sense  of  the  advantages  to 
be  derived  from  a  free  government,  ha  has  certainly  never  been 
considered  as  a  writer  very  particularly  anxious  for  the  popular 
part  of  the  constitution." — Lectures  on  Modern  History. 

We  are  pleased  to  learn  that  one  of  the  most  profound 
jurists  and  intelligent  expositors  of  Civil  and  Statute  Law 
of  whom  America  can  boast,  is  now  engaged  upon  an  edi 
tion  of  Blackstone,  prepared  with  especial  reference  to  the 
wants  of  the  American  student.  Judge  Sharswood  has 
long  devoted  himself  to  the  diligent  study  of  his  favourite 
author,  and  from  his  intimate  acquaintance  with  the  text, 
and  familiarity  with  the  general  principles  of  jurispru 
dence,  we  confidently  anticipate  a  work  which  will  claim 
a  conspicuous  place  in  the  American  legal  library,  and  be  a 
valuable  addition  to  the  collection  of  the  intelligent  layman. 

Blackwall,  Anthony,  1674-1730,  of  Emanuel  Col 
lege,  Cambridge,  Lecturer  of  All-Hallows  in  Derby.  His 
principal  work  was,  The  Sacred  Classics  Defended  and 
Illustrated;  or  An  Essay  humbly  offered  towards  proving 
the  purity,  propriety,  and  true  eloquence  of  the  Writers  of 
the  Xew  Testament,  Lon.,  1725,  '27,  '31,  3  vols.  8vo.  The 
same  in  Latin  by  Wollius,  Lips.,  1736,  4to. 

"  This  work  gives  many  well-chosen  instances  of  passages  in  the 
classics  which  may  justify  many  of  those  in  Scripture  that  have 
been  accounted  solecisms." — DR.  DODDRIDGE. 

"  Blackwall  was  a  strenuous  advocate  for  the  purity  of  the  Greek 
style  of  the  New  Testament,  which  he  vindicates  in  his  first  vo 
lume.  The  second  volume,  which  is  most  valuable,  contains  many 
excellent  observations  on  the  division  of  the  New  Testament  into 
chapters  and  verses,  and  also  on  various  readings."— T.  H.  HORNE. 

'•  It  cannot  be  denied,  that  Blackwall  has  brought  a  large  portion 
of  learning,  and  no  small  portion  of  genius,  to  this  work ;  but  every 
attentive  reader  must  be  sensible  that  he  often  fails  in  making  out 
his  point." — ORME. 

"  It  is  allowed,  that  this  work,  without  establishing  the  particu 
lar  aim  of  the  writer,  gives  light  to  many  passages."— BICKERSTETH 

^  Blackwall's  plan  is  like  comparing  the  proclamations  of  a  king 
with  the  eloquent  speeches  of  an  orator;  or  an  edifying  popular 
hymn  with  the  awful  and  pompous  ode  of  a  poet  laureat." — DR. 

\VlLI,I  VMS. 

Blackwall,  Jona.     Beauties  of  Bp.  Hall,  1796,  Svo. 

Blackwell,  Alex.,  beheaded  1747.  A  New  Method 
of  Improving  Cold,  Wet,  and  Clayey  Grounds,  Lon.,  1741. 

Blackwell,  Elidad.     Sermon,  Lon.,  1645,  4to. 

Blackwell, Elizabeth,  wife  of  Alexander,  (see  ante,} 
was  noted  for  her  skill  in  botany.  An  Herbal,  containing 
500  Cuts  of  the  Plants  most  useful  in  Physic,  Lon.,  1737- 
39,  2  vols.  fol.  Many  editions,  and  trans,  into  Latin  and 
German,  with  additions  by  Trew;  continued  by  other  bo 
tanists.  Mrs.  B.  gave  name  to  the  Blackwellia  race  of 
plants. 

"  The  drawings  are  in  general  faithful,  and  if  there  is  wanting 
that  accuracy  which  modern  improvements  have  rendered  neces- 


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sary  in  delii, eating  the  more  minute  parts,  yet,  upon  the  whole, 
the  figures  are  sufficiently  distinctive  of  the  subject." 

Blackwell,  Elizabeth,  M.D.,  b.  1821,  Bristol,  Eng., 
removed  to  U.S.  1832.  The  Laws  of  Life,  with  special  refer 
ence  to  the  Physical  Education  of  Girls,  N.Y.,  1852, 12mo. 

"  Not  only  is  it  well,  but  ably  and  scientifically,  written,  and  is 
calculated  to  do  a  great  amount  of  good  through  its  inculcations 
of  physical  truths.  The  writer  is  a  woman  of  marked  ability,  and 
a  regularly  educated  physician." 

Blackwell,  George,  1545-1612,  an  English  divine 
of  the  Roman  Church,  was  admitted  Scholar  of  Trinity 
College,  Oxford,  in  1562.  He  approved  of  the  oath  of 
allegiance  to  the  crown  of  England,  and  advised  the  Ro 
manists  to  take  it.  This  led  to  a  controversy  with  Cardinal 
Bellarmine.  His  Letters  to  the  Romish  Priests  touching 
the  lawfulness  of  taking  the  oath  of  allegiance  were  pub. 
in  1597,  4to.  Letter  to  Cardinal  Cajetane,  1596.  He  pub. 
some  other  papers  upon  this  subject. 

"  He  was  esteemed  by  those  of  his  own  persuasion,  and  by  others 
likewise,  a  man  of  great  learning  and  piety,  and  a  good  preacher." 

Blackwell,  Henry.  English  Fencing  Master,  Lon., 
1705,  4to. 

Blackwell,  John.  Defeat  of  Goring's  Army  in  the 
West,  by  Sir  Thomas  Fairfax,  Lon.,  1645.  fol. 

Blackwell,  John.  Compendium  of  Military  Disci 
pline,  Lon.,  1726,  or  '9. 

Blackwell,  Sir  Ralph.  The  Honour  of  Merchant 
Tailors,  Lon.,  4to.  Black  letter,  with  portrait  of  Blackwell. 

"  A  work  of  the  same  class,  if  not  written  by  the  same  hand, 
with  the  well-known  history  of  Sir  Eichard  Whittington."— 

LOWNDES. 

Blackwell,  Robt.  Corn  Dealer's  Companion,  Lon., 
1707,  12mo. 

Blackwell,  Samuel.     Sermons,  1705-19,  Svo. 

Blackwell,  Samuel.  Parochial  Government,  Lon., 
1720,  12mo.  Reading  the  Scripture  in  Private,  4th  ed. 
Lon.,  1736,  24mo. 

Blackwell,  Thomas,  d.  1728,  Professor  of  Divinity, 
and  Principal  of  the  Marischal  College,  Aberdeen.  Ratio 
Sacra,  Edin.,  1710,  8vo.  Schema  Sacrum,  Edin.,  1710,  Svo. 
Methodus  Evangelica,  Lon.,  1712,  Svo. 

Blackwell,  Thomas,  1701-1757,  son  of  the  former, 
and  also  Professor  of  Divinity  and  Principal  of  the  Maris 
chal  College,  Aberdeen,  was  a  native  of  Aberdeen. 

Enquiry  into  the  Life  and  Writings  of  Homer,  Lon., 
1735,  Svo. 

"  By  Blackwell  of  Aberdeen,  or  rather  by  Bishop  Berkeley.  A 
fine,  though  sometimes  fanciful,  effort  of  genius." — GIBBON. 

"  A  production  which  displays  more  erudition  than  genius,  and 
more  affectation  than  elegance." 

Proofs  of  the  Enquiry  into  the  Life  and  Writings  of 
Homer,  Lon.,  1747,  Svo. 

Letters  concerning  Mythology,  Lon.,  1748,  Svo. 

"  A  pompous  trifle." 

Memoirs  of  the  Court  of  Augustus,  Edin.,  1753-55, 2  vola. 
4to.  Lon.,  1764,  3  vols,  4to. 

"  This  book  is  the  work  of  a  man  of  letters ;  it  is  full  of  events 
displayed  with  accuracy,  and  related  with  vivacity ;  and  is  suffi 
ciently  entertaining  to  invite  readers." — Review  by  Dr.  Johnson  in 
the  Literary  Magazine :  he,  however,  treats  Blackwell  with  no  little 
severity. 

"It  cannot  be  denied  that  there  is  a  considerable  degree  of  af 
fectation  in  Dr.  Blackwell's  style  and  manner  of  composition :  and 
'unhappily  this  affectation  increased  in  him  as  he  advanced  in 
years.  His  Enquiry  into  the  Life  of  Homer  was  not  free  from  it : 
it  was  still  more  discernible  in  his  Letters  concerning  Mythology, 
and  was  most  of  all  apparent  in  his  Memoirs  of  the  Court  of  Au 
gustus."  See  Biog.  Brit. :  and  see  his  proposals  for  Plato,  in  Gent. 
Mag.,  xxi.  383. 

Blackwood,  Adam,  1539-1623,  Professor  of  Civil 
Law  at  Poictiers,  was  a  native  of  Dunfermline,  Scotland. 
He  was  a  great  favourite  with  Mary  Queen  of  Scots,  and 
when  she  was  put  to  death  by  Elizabeth,  he  revised  and 
corrected  the  Relation  du  Martyre  de  Marie  Stuart,  Reine 
d'Ecosse,  printed  at  Antwerp  in  1588,  Svo.  His  works  col 
lected  were  pub.  at  Paris  by  Gabriel  Naudemus,  1644,  4to. 

"  He  addresses  himself  in  a  vehement  strain  of  passion  to  all  the 

Erinces  of  Europe  to  avenge  Mary's  death.  ...  A  most  virulent 
avective  against  Queen  Elizabeth." — BISHOP  NICOLSON. 

His  Sanctorum  Precationum  Praemia,  Ac.,  pub.  in  1598, 
Svo,  owed  its  production  to  a  cause  which,  as  its  recital 
may  be  useful  to  authors  by  way  of  abating  inordinate 
study,  and  stimulating  devotion,  we  shall  present  for  their 
benefit : 

"  The  occasion  of  his  writing  this  book,  which  consists  of  Prayers 
and  Devotions  upon  Divine  Subjects,  was,  That  he  usually  read 
the  most  of  the  Night,  and  had  thereof  so  weakened  his  Eyes,  that 
he  could  hardly  know  his  children  if  they  were  but  ten  foot  dis 
tant  from  him:  for  which  the  Archbishop  [of  Glasgow,  James  Bea 
ton]  advised  him  to  a  more  useful  and  safe  way  to  employ  his  Time, 
which  was  in  frequent  and  fervent  Prayers  to  God." — Mackenzie's 
Scotch  Winters. 

Blackwood,  Christopher.  Theolog.  works,  1644, 
'45,  '54,  *59,  4to. 

199 


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Blackwood,  Henry,  b.  about  1526?  d.  about  1614, 
was  a  brother  of  Adam  Blackwood,  (see  ante.)  He  taught 
philosophy  at  Paris,  and  was  subsequently  made  dean  of 
the  faculty  in  the  college  of  that  city.  He  was  the  author 
of  some  medical  and  philosophical  treatises,  of  which  at 
least  two  were  printed ;  Hippocratis  quaedam  cum  MSS. 
collata,  Paris,  1625 ;  Questio  Medica,  &c.,  Paris,  4to. 

Blackwood,  Henry,  d.  1634,  son  of  the  preceding, 
Professor  of  Medicine  and  Surgery,  wrote  some  medical 
treatises. 

BlacoAV,  Richard.  Four  Sermons,  1812,  8vo.  State 
ment  of  circumstances  of  the  prosecution  of  the  King  v. 
Blacow,  1812,  8vo.  A  Letter  to  M.  Gregson,  1814,  8vo. 
A  Letter  to  Wm.  King,  LL.D.,  1823,  8vo. 

Bladen,  Lt.  Col.  Martin,  d.  1746,  a  member  of 
Parliament,  served  under  his  former  schoolfellow,  the  Duke 
of  Marlborough,  and  dedicated  to  him  his  translation  of 
the  Works  of  Caesar,  Lon.,  1719,  8vo.  He  was  also  author 
of  two  dramatic  pieces,  Solon,  and  Orpheus  and  Eurydice; 
which  were  pub.  in  1705,  without  his  consent.  The  learned 
Mr.  Bowyer  was  employed  to  print  Bladen's  trans,  of 
Caesar;  and  as  was  his  wont  when  he  noticed  errors  and 
defects,  he  made  many  yaluable  corrections  in  the  work. 
Upon  one  of  these  passages  he  consulted  the  eminent 
scholar,  Jeremiah  Markland,  who  returned  him  the  follow 
ing  amusing  reply,  which  Bladen  would  hardly  have  re- 
iished  : 

"I  think  in  all  my  life  I  never  saw  such  a  translation  as  that 
you  have  sent  me  of  these  lines.  If  I  were  in  your  place,  I  would 
leave  it  just  as  it  is.  You  will  have  an  infinite  deal  of  trouble, 
without  any  reward,  or  so  much  as  thanks  from  those  whose  affair 
it  is ;  perhaps,  just  the  contrary.  I  repeat  it  again,  do  not  meddle 
with  it."— Nicholas  Literary  Anecdotes. 

Bladen,  Thomas.     Sermons,  1695,  4to. 

Blagden,  Sir  Charles,  M.D.,  1748-1820,  an  eminent 
English  physician  and  chemist,  took  his  doctor's  degree 
at  Edinburgh  in  1768.  He  contributed  many  valuable 
professional  papers  to  the  Phil.  Trans.  1775,  '81,  '83,  '84, 
'87,  '88,  '90,  and  1813;  to  Medical  Facts,  1791,  '92,  '93, 
and  to  Med.  Trans.  1813. 

"  He  lived  on  terms  of  intimacy  with  the  chief  scientific  men  of 
his  day,  and  particularly  with  Sir  Joseph  Banks,  Bart.,  for  nearly 
half  a  century,  and  was  for  many  years  one  of  the  secretaries  of 
the  Royal  Society." — Hose's  Biog.  Diet. 

Blagdon,  Francis  William.  Modern  Discoveries ; 
a  trans.,  8  vols.  18mo,  Lon.,  1802-03.  Brief  History  of 
Ancient  and  Modern  India,  Lon.,  1805,  fol.  This  gentle 
man  has  written  and  trans,  several  other  works,  biograph., 
geographical,  <fcc. 

Blage,  Thomas.  Schole  of  Wise  Conceytes,  1569. 
A  book  of  ^Esopian  Fables.  Ritson's  Bibl.  Poet.,  132. 

Blagrave,  J.  Laws  regulating  Bills  of  Exchange, 
Lon.,  1783,  12mo. 

Blagrave,  John,  d.  1611,  an  eminent  mathematician, 
was  educated  at  Reading  School,  and  at  St.  John's  College, 
Oxford.  A  Mathematical  Jewel,  shewing  the  making  and 
most  excellent  use  of  an  instrument  so  called  :  the  use  of 
which  jewel  is  so  abundant,  that  it  leadeth  the  direct  path 
way  through  the  whole  art  of  Astronomy,  Cosmography, 
Geography,  Ac.,  Lon.,  1582,  fol.  In  the  preface  to  this 
work,  he  gives  the  following  excellent  advice  to  his  readers  : 
we  commend  it  to  the  practice  of  all  students,  young  or  old  : 

"Never  give  over  at  the  first,  though  any  thing  seeme  hard; 
rather  ask  a  little  helpe :  and  if  you  desire  to  be  excellent  pertite 
in  your  instrument,  abridge  my  whole  worke,  arid  you  shall  finde 
it  will  stande  you  more  steede  than  twenty  times  reading.  I  have 
always  done  so  with  any  booke  I  liked." 

Of  the  making  and  use  of  the  Familiar  Staff,  so  called : 
for  that  it  may  be  made  useful  and  familiarly  to  walk  with, 
as  for  that  it  performeth  the  geometrical  mensuration  of 
all  altitudes,  1590,  4to.  Astrolabium  Uranicum  generale; 
a  necessary  and  pleasant  solace  and  recreation  for  naviga 
tors  in  their  long  journeying,  containing  the  use  of  an  in 
strument,  or  astrolabe,  Ac.,  1596,  4to.  The  Art  of  Dialling ; 
in  two  parts,  1609,  4to. 

"He  prosecuted  with  great  zeal  his  mathematical  genie  to  so 
considerable  a  height,  that  he  was  esteemed  the  flower  of  mathe 
maticians  of  his  age.  .  .  His  epitaph  runs  thus:  'Johannes 
Blagravius  totus  mathematicus,  cum  matre  sepultus:  Obiit  J. 
Aug.,  1611. 

'  Here  lies  his  corps,  which  living  had  a  spirit, 
\\  herein  much  worthy  knowledge  did  inherit. 
By  which,  with  zeal,  one  God  he  did  adore, 
Left  for  maid-servants  and  to  feed  the  poor; 
[His  vertuous  mother  came  of  worthy  race, 
A  Hungerford,  and  buried  near  this  place.  ' 
When  God  sent  death  their  lives  away  to  call 
They  liv'd  belov'd,  and  died  bewail'd'by  all."'] 

Athrn.  Oxon. 

Blagrave,  Sir  John,  supposed  to  be  of  the  same 
family  with  the  preceding.  A  Reading  upon  the  Statute  32 
Hen.  VIII.,  concerning  Jointures,  Lon.,  1648,  4to. 


Blagrave,  Jonathan.     Sermons,  1691-93,  4to. 

Blagrave,  Joseph,  1610-1679.  Supplement  to  Pla- 
nispherium  Catholicum,  Lon.,  1658,  4to.  Epitome  of  the 
Art  of  Husbandry,  Lon.,  1669,  12mo.  (?)  Supplement 
to  Nic.  Culpepper's  English  Physician,  Lon.,  1666,  8vo. 
Astrological  Practice  of  Physic,  discovering  the  true  method 
of  curing  all  kinds  of  diseases  by  such  herbs  and  plants 
as  grow  in  our  nation,  Lon.,  1671,  8vo.  An  Introduction 
to  Astrology,  1682,  8vo.  Essay  on  Gun-shot  Wounds,  8vo. 
Account  of  Drugs,  <fcc.,  8vo.  See  account  of  a  MS.  as 
cribed  to  him  in  Biog.  Brit. 

Blagrave,  Samuel,  is  said  by  Weston  to  be  the  au 
thor  of  the  Epitome  of  the  Art  of  Husbandry,  Lon.,  1669, 
12mo.  See  BLAGRAVE,  JOSEPH.  Others  ascribe  the  Epi 
tome  to  Billingsby.  See  Donaldson's  Agricult.  Biog. 

Blaikie,  Francis.  1.  Conversion  of  Arable  Land 
into  Pasture,  <fec.,  Lon.,  1819,  12mo.  2.  Management 
of  Farm  Yard  Manure,  and  formation  of  Compost,  <fec., 
1819,  12mo.  3.  Management  of  Hedge-rows  and  Hedge 
row  Timber,  1820,  12mo.  4.  Mildew,  and  the  Cultivation 
of  Wheat,  <fcc.,  1821, 12mo.  5.  Smut  in  Wheat,  1822, 12mo. 

"Mr.  Blaikie's  practical  intelligence  is  distinguished  by  a  very 
sound  judgment  and  a  reasonable  observation.  It  is  to  be  regret 
ted  that  the  author  did  not  compose  a  systematic  work  ot  agi i- 
cultural  comprehension,  which  would  have  contained  his  extensive 
and  varied  knowledge,  and  relieved  his  mind  of  an  accumulated 
burden.  Essays,  treatises,  and  pamphlets  are  with  difficulty  made 
known,  and  looked  on  as  insignificant.  For  our  own  part,  we  re 
gard  such  authors  of  enlightened  practice,  as  greatly  advanced  be 
fore  chemical  theorists  and  vague  idealogies." — DonaldtmCs  Agri 
cultural  Biog. 

Blaine,  Delabere  P.,  Professor  of  Animal  Medi 
cine.  Anatomy  of  the  Horse.  Lon.,  1799,  fol.  Canine 
Pathology,  Lon.,  1800,  8vo.  The  Outlines  of  Veterinary 
Art,  Lon.,  1802,  2  vols. 

"In  the  execution  of  this  comprehensive  plan,  the  author  de 
serves  considerable  credit." — Lon.  Monthly  Review. 

"  It  appears  to  us  that  this  work  is  the  best  and  most  scientific 
system  of  the  Veterinary  Art  that  has  hitherto  appeared  in  this 
country." — British  Critic. 

A  Domestic  Treatise  on  the  Diseases  of  Horses  and  Dogs, 
Lon.,  1803,  12mo.  Encyclopaedia  of  Rural  Sports,  with 
nearly  600  engravings  on  wood,  1840,  8vo;  1852,  8vo. 

"Mr.  Blaiue's  perseverance  in  compiling  this  work  must  have 
been  immense.  The  task  of  reading  all  the  sporting  literature  of 
the  past  and  present  day,  of  digesting  it,  of  balancing  antagonistic 
opinions,  and  of  deducing  solid  inferences,  doubtless  presented 
difficulties  that  would  have  daunted  most  men  at  the  outset  of  a 
similar  undertaking." — London  Globe. 

"  A  more  instructive  and  amusing  publication  never  issued  from 
the  press." — London  Sportsman. 

"Unquestionably  a  treasury  of  sporting  knowledge." — Lon. 
Sporting  Jfeview. 

"  It  ought  to  be  in  every  country  library,  from  that  of  the  noble 
man  to  the  tenant  farmer.  We  know  of  no  work  likely  to  be  more 
useful  and  agreeable  to  readers  of  all  classes,  whether  young  or  old, 
grave  or  gay." — British  Farmer's  Mugazine.  , 

"  Full  of  useful,  attractive,  and  exciting  reading." — Lon.  Monthly 
Review. 

"  A  perfect  library  for  all  lovers  of  country  sports,  for  all  coun 
try  gentlemen,  and  for  all  persons  who  delight  in  the  manly  and 
healthy  recreations  which  are  afforded  to  no  country  in  such  per 
fection  as  to  the  inhabitants  of  the  British  Isles."— London  Timei. 

Blair,  Major.     Campaign  in  Saxony,  Lon.,  1745,  fol. 

Blair,  Brice.  The  Vision  of  Theodorus  Verax,  Lon., 
1671,  8vo. 

Blair,  Daniel.  Some  Account  of  the  last  Yellow 
Fever  Epidemic  of  British  Guiana,  edited  by  John  Davy, 
M.D.,  Ac. 

"  Dr.  Blair's  account  of  the  Yellow  Fever  of  British  Guiana  ap 
pears  to  be  a  very  able  book ;  full  of  facts  acutely  observed,  well 
presented,  and  classed  in  an  orderly  manner." — London  Spectator. 

"The  chapter  on  morbid  anatomy  forms  a  rich  and  most  valu 
able  section  in  the  book.  We  have  perused  its  elaborate  details 
with  much  interest,  and  we  only  refrain  from  quotation  because 
every  line  seems  equally  important.  Dr.  Blair  is  deserving  of  all 
praise  for  the  enthusiasm  with  which  he  has  studied  the  subject; 
and  he  has.  in  these  careful  directions,  performed  an  onerous  but 
high  service,  in  presenting  to  the  reader  so  much  sterling  informa 
tion.  .  .  .  Dr.  Blair's  book  is  the  production  of  a  painstaking  and 
well-informed  physician;  its  pages  are  replete  with  condensed  and 
original  matter;  and  we  sincerely  hope  he  will  prosecute  his  la 
bours,  feeling  assured  that  his  authority  will  be  long  cited  as  one 
of  the  ablest  writers  on  Yellow  Fever." — London  Lancet. 

Blair,  David,  D.D.,  author  of  English  Grammar, 
Class  Book,  Reading  Exercises,  The  Mother's  Question 
Book,  and  other  educational  works. 

"  The  name  of  Dr.  Blair  is  identified  with  elementary  knowledge; 
and  these  [1st,  2d,  and  3d  Mothers  Catechisms]  are  well  worthy 
the  attention  of  the  parent  and  teacher." — Educational  Magazine. 

Blair,  Hugh,  D.D.,  1718-1800,  a  native  of  Edinburgh, 
entered  the  University  of  that  city  in  1730.  In  this  seat 
of  learning  he  devoted  himself  to  scientific,  literary,  and 
theological  studies  for  the  long  term  of  eleven  years.  He 
took  his  degree  of  A.M.  in  1739;  was  licensed  to  preach 
in  1741,  and  in  1757  received  the  degree  of  D.D.  from  the 


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University  of  St.  Andrew's.  In  1742  he  received  a  presen 
tation  to  the  parish  of  Colessie  in  Fife,  which  he  left  i 
the  next  year  to  fill  a  vacancy  which  had  occurred  in  th 
second  charge  of  the  Canongate  of  Edinburgh.  Afte 
discharging  the  duties  of  this  post  for  eleven  years,  h 
was  translated  in  1754  to  Lady  Tester's,  one  of  the  cit 
churches.  Four  years  after  this  translation  he  was  ho 
noured  by  promotion  to  the  High  Church  of  Edinburgh 
where  he  remained  until  his  death  in  1800.  In  1759  h 
read  in  the  college  at  Edinburgh  a  course  of  lectures  01 
Composition,  which  excited  so  much  admiration  that  in 
1762  George  III.  was  pleased  to 

'•  Erect  and  endow  a  Professorship  of  Rhetoric  and  Belles  Le 
tres  in  the  University  of  Edinburgh,  and  to  appoint  Dr.  Blair,  in  con 
sideration  of  his  approved  qualifications,  Regius  Professor  thereof 
•with  a  salary  of  £70." 

In  1783,  when  he  resigned  his  professorship,  he  pub.  hi 
Lectures  on  Rhetoric  and  Belles  Lettres,  Lon.,  2  vols.  4to 
Many  editions  have  been  pub.  of  these  celebrated  Lectures 
"  The  author  gives  them  to  the  world,  neither  as  a  work  wholl., 
original,  nor  as  a  compilation  from  the  writings  of  others.  On 
every  subject  contained  in  them,  he  has  thought  for  himself." — 
Pref.ce. 

"  Their  merit  lies  in  their  good  taste  and  the  elaborate  eleganc 
of  the  language."— WILLIAM  SPALDING,  Professor  of  Logic,  Rheto 
ric,  and  Metaphysics  in  the  University  of  St.  Andrew's. 

"  They  contain  an  accurate  analysis  of  the  principles  of  literary 
composition,  in  all  the  various  species  of  writing :  a  happy  illus 
tration  of  those  principles  by  the  most  beautiful  and  apposite  ex 
amples,  drawn  from  the  best  authors,  both  ancient  and  modern 
and  an  admirable  digest  of  the  rules  of  elocution,  as  applicable  t( 
the  oratory  of  the  pulpit,  the  bar,  and  the  popular  assembly.  .  . 
So  useful  is  the  object  of  these  lectures,  so  comprehensive  thei 
plan,  and  such  the  excellence  of  the  matter  they  contain,  that,  i 
not  the  most  splendid,  they  will,  perhaps,  prove  the  most  durable 
monument  of  their  author's  reputation." 

An  amusing  conversation  between  Dr.  Johnson  and  Bos 
well  respecting  these  Lectures,  will  be  found  in  Boswell's 
Life  of  Johnson. 

Dr.  Blair  took  great  interest  in  "rescuing  from  oblivion 
the  poeins  of  Ossian."  His  biographer  assures  us  that  i 
was  by  the  solicitation  of  Dr.  Blair  and  John  Home,  (au 
thor  of  Douglass,)  that  Macpherson  was  induced  to  pub 
lish  his  Fragment  of  Ancient  Poetry.  To  "  these,  in  1763, 
Blair  prefixed  a  Dissertation  of  the  critical  kind  which 
procured  him  much  reputation,  whatever  may  be  thought 
of  the  subject."  See  MACPHERSON.  We  cannot  better 
introduce  the  mention  of  the  celebrated  sermons  by  which 
Blair  is  best  known  to  the  world,  than  by  an  extract  from 
Boswell's  Life  of  Johnson  : 

"  The  Reverend  Hugh  Blair,  who  had  long  been  admired  as  a 
preacher  at  Edinburgh,  thought  now  of  diffusing  his  excellent  ser 
mons  more  extensively  and  increasing  his  reputation,  by  publish 
ing  a  collection  of  them.  He  transmitted  the  manuscript  to  Mr. 
Strahan.  the  pi-inter,  who,  after  keeping  it  for  some  time,  wrote  a 
letter  to  him,  discouraging  the  publication.  Such,  at  first,  was  the 
unpropitious  state  of  one  of  the  most  successful  theological  books 
that  has  ever  appeared.  Mr.  Strahan,  however,  had  sent  one  of 
the  sermons  to  Dr.  Johnson  for  his  opinion;  and  after  his  unfa 
vourable  letter  to  Dr.  Blair  had  been  sent  off,  he  received  from 
Johnson  on  Christmas-eve,  a  note  in  which  was  the  following  pa 
ragraph  : 

" '  I  have  read  Dr.  Blair's  first  sermon  with  more  than  approba 
tion  :  to  say  it  is  good,  is  to  say  too  little.' " 

Thus  encouraged,  Strahan  and  Cadell  purchased  the  1st 
vol.  for  £100,  which  they  voluntarily  doubled  on  account 
of  "  the  rapid  and  extensive  sale."  For  vol.  2d  they  gave 
the  author  £300,  and  for  vol.  3d  £600.  The  whole  series 
comprises  5  vols.  Svo,  1777-1800.  The  reader  will  find 
frequent  mention  of  the  sermons  and  their  author  in  Bos 
well's  Life  of  Johnson  : 

"Dr.  Blair  is  printing  some  sermons.  If  they  are  all  like  the 
first,  which  I  have  read,  they  are  sermons  aurri,  ac  auro  mams 
aura.  It  is  excellently  written  both  as  to  doctrine  and  language 
.  .  .  Please  to  return  Dr.  Blair  thanks  for  his  sermons  The  Scotch 

write  English  wonderfully  well Dr.  Blair's  sermons  are  now 

universally  commended ;  but  let  him  think  that  I  had  the  honour 
of  first  finding  and  first  praising  his  excellencies.  I  did  not  stav 
to  add  my  voice  to  that  of  the  public."—  Letters  to  Bnswell  hi  17" 

"  I  read  yesterday  Dr.  Blair's  sermon  on  devotion,  from  the  text' 
'Cornelius,  a  devout  man.'  His  doctrine  is  the  best  limited  the 
oest  expressed:  there  is  the  most  warmth  without  fanaticism 
the  most  rational  transport.  ...  A  noble  sermon  it  is,  indeed  I 
wish  Blair  would  come  over  to  the  Church  of  England.  .  .  I  iove 
Blairs  sermons.  Though  the  dog  is  a  Scotchman,  and  a  Presbyte 
rian,  and  every  thing  he  should  not  be.  I  was  the  first  to  praise 
him.  Such  was  my  candour  (smiling.)  MRS.  BOSOAWEN  :  '  Such  his 
great  jnerit,  to  get  the  better  of  all  your  prejudice.'  '  Why.  Ma- 
compound  the  matter;  let  us  ascribe  it  to  my  candour 


Such  was  the  popularity  of  Blair's  Sermons,  that  it  has 
been  declared  to  exceed  "all  that  we  read  of  in  the  his 
tory  of  literature.  .  .  .  They  circulated  rapidly  and  widely 
wherever  the  English  tongue  extends;  they  were  soon 
translated  into  almost  all  the  languages  of  Europe."  Not 
the  least  pleasing  evidence  of  approbation  was  a  pension 


conferred  by  royal  mandate,  of  £200  per  annum,  which  the 
successful  preacher  enjoyed  until  his  death.  It  is  needless 
to  say  that  the  popularity  of  Blair's  sermons  has  long  since 
passed  away.  Whilst  praised  by  some,  irrespective  of  their 
great  merit  as  literary  compositions,  for  that  avoidance  of 
doctrinal  character  which  could  not  fail  to  displease  many 
readers,  it  is  urged  on  the  other  hand  that  there  is  hardly 
sufficient  of  the  spirit  of  Christianity  to  elevate  them  above 
the  rank  of  mere  moral  essays. 

"A  low  tone  of  divinity,  once  popular,"  is  the  only  no 
tice  which  Mr.  Bickersteth  deigns  to  take  of  productions 
once  so  eagerly  perused  and  clamorously  applauded. 

"They  excel  in  perspicuity  of  arrangement  and  expression,  but 
are  too  stiff,  artificial,  and  elaborate  for  models  of  pulpit  eloquence, 
independent  of  the  strain  of  doctrine." — DR.  E.  WILLIAMS. 

"  We  cannot  deny  the  absence  of  every  beauty,  as  well  as  of 
most  faults  in  Blair.  .  .  .  His  florid  and  artificial  elegance  obtained, 
without  question,  most  extensive  popularity ;  but  it  is  very  doubt 
ful  whether  his  hearers  would  have  been  attracted  by  any  other 
writer;  whether  they  would  not  have  rejected  a  more  energetic 
and  impressive  style  as  irregular  and  enthusiastic." — Lon.  Quar 
terly  Review. 

"  The  merits  of  Blair  (by  far  the  most  popular  writer  of  sermons 
within  the  last  century)  are,  plain  good  sense,  a  happy  application 
of  scriptural  quotation,  and  a  clear,  harmonious  style,  richly 
tinged  with  scriptural  language." — Edinburgh  Jieview. 

"  Their  character  is  that  of  moral  discourses,  but  as  such  they 
never  could  have  attained  their  popularity  without  that  high 
polish  of  style  which  was  the  author's  peculiar  object.  Under 
this  are  concealed  all  the  defects  which  attach  to  them  as  sermons, 
a  name  which  they  can  never  deserve  when  compared  with  the 
works  of  the  most  eminent  English  and  Scotch  divines." 

The  elaborate  review  of  Blair's  Sermons  by  John  Fos 
ter  deserves  the  careful  perusal  of  every  one  who  can  ap 
preciate  purity  of  style  and  elegance  of  diction.  The 
celebrated  discourses  are  castigated  without  mercy ;  per 
haps  without  proper  allowance  for  that  difference  in  philo 
logical  taste  and  construction  of  sentences  which  we  wit 
ness  in  the  literature  of  perhaps  every  succeeding  genera 
tion.  Mr.  Foster  charges  that, 

"  In  the  first  place,  with  respect  to  the  language,  though  the 
selection  of  words  is  proper  enough,  the  arrangement  of 'them  in 
sentences  is  often  in  the  utmost  degree  stiff  and  artificial.  It  is 
hardly  possible  to  depart  further  from  any  resemblance  to  what  is 
called  a  living  or  spoken  style,  which  is  the  proper  diction  at  all 
events  for  popular  addresses,  if  not  for  all  the  departments  of 
prose  composition.  Instead  of  the  thought  throwing  itself  into 
words,  by  a  free,  instantaneous,  and  almost  unconscious  action, 
and  passing  off  in  that  easy  form,  it  is  pretty  apparent  there  was 
a  good  deal  of  handicraft  employed  in  getting  ready  proper  cases 
and  trusses,  of  various  but  carefully  measured  lengths  and  figures, 
to  put  the  thoughts  into,  as  they  came  out,  in  very  slow  succes 
sion,  each  of  them  cooled  and  stiffened  to  numbness  in  waiting  so 
long  to  be  dressed.  .  .  .  In  the  second  place,  there  is  no  texture  in 
the  composition.  The  sentences  appear  often  like  a  series  of  little 
independent  propositions,  each  satisfied  with  its  own  distinct 
meaning,  and  capable  of  being  placed  in  a  different  part  of  the 
train,  without  injury  to  any  mutual  connection;  or  ultimate  pur 
pose,  of  the  thoughts.  The  ideas  relate  to  the  subject  generally, 
without  specifically  relating  to  one  another." 

Mr.  Foster  then  proceeds  with  no  gentle  hand  to  apply 
the  dissecting  knife  to  other  limbs  of  this  body  of  divinity, 
if  we  may  so  call  it.  Indeed  it  is  the  want  of  an  animus, 
such  as  the  preacher's  vocation  would  naturally  lead  us  to 
expect,  which  he  pathetically  deplores.  Yet  whilst  some 
serious  defects  may  be  willingly  admitted,  the  sermons  of 
Blair  possess  merits  of  a  substantial  and  enduring  kind ; 
and  though  now  apparently  dead  and  known  to  the  many 
''  only  by  reputation,"  yet  have  they  sufficient  vitality  to 
nsure  a  resurrection ;  and  our  children  will  agree  with 
;heir  grandfathers  in  applauding  and  improving  by  those 
classical  disquisitions  which  they  will  marvel  their  parents 
should  ever  have  neglected. 

Blair,  James,  d.  1743,  a  learned  divine  of  the  Scot- 
ish  Episcopal  Church,  founder  and  first  President  of  Wil- 
iam  and  Mary  College,  Virginia,  was  born  and  educated 
n  Scotland.  About  1685  Compton,  the  Bishop  of  London, 
sent  him  as  a  missionary  to  Virginia;  in  1689  he  appointed 
lim  Ecclesiastical  Commissary,  and  his  confidence  in  Blair 
was  justified  by  the  piety,  energy,  and  unwearied  ministe 
rial  labours  of  the  latter.  In  1693  he  returned  to  London 
n  order  to  obtain  the  patronage  of  government  for  his 
projected  college.  He  obtained  a  charter,  and  was  ap 
pointed  president,  which  office  he  held  until  his  death. 
He  was  rector  of  a  church  in  Williamsburg,  Virginia, 
and  President  of  the  Council  in  that  colony.  He  pub. 
Uur  Saviour's  Sermon  on  the  Mount,  Matt,  v.,  etc ,  ex- 
lained  in  117  Sermons,  Lon.,  1722,  5  vols.  Svo  ;  new  edit, 
evised  and  corrected,  with  a  preface  by  Dr.  Waterland, 
jon.,  1740,  4  vols.  Svo.  These  sermons  possess  great 
fieri  t. 

"Explained  with  good  judgment,  in  a  clear,  easy,  yet  masculine 
•  -1  ,,  Yaluable  treasure  of  sound  divinity,  of  practical  Chris- 
lamty."— DR.  WATERLAND. 

"  His  Commentary  on  Matt.  v.-viii.  is  the  best  extant.    He  ap- 

201 


BLA 


BLA 


pears  to  have  been  a  person  of  the  utmost  candour,  and  has  soli-  |  It  is  a  popular  poem,  not  merely  because  it  is  religu  us,  but  be- 
citously  avoided  all  unkind  and  contemptuous  reflections  on  his  j  cause  its  language  and  imagery  are  free,  natural,  and  picturesque, 
brethren.  He  has  an  excellent  way  of  bringing  down  criticism  to  j  ...  Blair  may  be  a  homely  and  even  a  gloomy  poet  in  the  eye  of 
common  capacities,  and  has  discovered  a  vast  knowledge  of  Scrip-  i  fastidious  criticism ;  but  there  is  a  masculine  and  pronounced  cha- 
ture  in  the  application  of  them."— Doddridge's  Works,  vol.  v.  438.  racter  even  in  his  gloom  and  homeliness  that  keeps  it  most  dis 
tinctly  apart  from  either  dullness  or  vulgarity.  His  style  pleases 
us  like  the  powerful  expression  of  a  countenance  without  regular 
beauty." — Essay  on  English  Poetry. 

Mr.  Campbell  is  quite  indignant  that  some  of  this  au 
thor's  most  nervous  and  expressive  phrases  should  be  cen- 


'  The  best  exposition  of  this  discourse."— BICKERSTETH. 
Blair,  John,  alias  Arnold,  a  monk  of  the  order  of 
St.  Benedict,  was  educated  with  Sir  William  Wallace  at 
the  school  of  Dundee,  and  became  chaplain  to  him  in  1294 

when  Wallace  was  made  governor  of  the  kingdom.     He  -  - 

wrote  the  History  of  Wallace's  Life  in  1327,  in  Latin  \  sured  as  "  vulgarisms ;  but  a  poet  who  endeavours  to  in- 
-verse.  A  fragment  of  the  MS.  of  this  poem  is  still  in  the  !  sinuate  droll  satirical  sketches,  at  the  expense  of  physi- 
Cottonian  Library.  This  was  pub.  in  1705,  Edin.,  8vo,  j  cians  and  undertakers,  into  a  gallery  of  sublime  represen- 

-  --  '  tations  of  the  sable  hearse,  the  funeral  cortege,  and  the 


Library. 

by  Sir  Robert  Sibbald, — Relationes  quaedam  Arnold! 
Blair,  Ac.  See  the  Life  and  Acts  of  Sir  William  Wallace 
turned  from  Latin  into  Scotch  Metre  by  one  called  Blind 
Harry,  Edin.,  1709, 12mo,  Perth,  1790,  3  vols. ;  also  Metri 
cal  History  of  Sir  William  Wallace  and  Robert  Bruce,  sine 
anno,  black  letter,  4to  ;  The  Actis  and  Deidis  of  the  illuster 
and  vailzieand  Campioun,  Schir  William  Wallace,  Knicht 
of  Ellerslie,  Edinburgh,  be  Robert  Lekpreuik,  at  the  Ex- 
pensis  of  Henrie  Charteris,  1570,  4to.  A  copy  of  this 
work  will  be  found  in  the  British  Museum.  The  edit,  of 
1758  contains  Arnaldi  Blair  Relationes.  See  Lowndes, 
art.  Wallace,  Sir  William. 

Blair,  John,  d.  1782,  Prebendary  of  Westminster,  a 
relative  of  Dr.  Hugh  Blair,  was  a  native  of  Edinburgh. 
He  removed  at  an  early  age  to  London,  where  he  received 
some  valuable  preferments.  The  Chronology  and  History 
of  the  World  from  the  Creation  to  A.D.  1753,  Lon.,  1754, 
fol.  This  work  was  partly  arranged  by  Dr.  Hugh  Blair ; 
2d  edit.  1756,  fol.;  other  editions,  1768,  '79,  '90,  1803,  '15, 
'20;  and  in  1844,  imp.  8vo,  an  edition,  with  additions  and 
corrections,  was  pub.  by  Sir  Henry  Ellis,  K.H.,  Principal  I 
Librarian  of  the  British  Museum.  Again  in  1851,  8vo. 

The  student  of  history,  long  accustomed  to  the  doctor's  pon-  I  county,  Pennsylvania. 


derous  and  unmanageable  folio,  will  rejoice  over  this  handsome 
and  handy  volume.  It  is  the  revival  and  enlargement,  into  far 
more  compact  and  available  form  than  the  original,  of  the  cele 
brated  Chronological  Tables  of  Dr.  Blair.  It  comprises  additions 
to  our  own  time,  and  corrections  from  the  most  recent  authorities. 
The  outline  of  the  plan  is  faithfully  preserved  and  carried  out, 
with  every  improvement  of  which  it  was  susceptible." — London 
Examiner. 

The  History  of  the  Rise  and  Progress  of  Geography, 
Lon.,  1784,  12mo.  Lectures  on  the  Canon  of  the  Old  Tes 
tament,  comprehending  a  Dissertation  on  the  Septuagint 
Version,  Lon.,  1785,  4to,  (posth.) 

"  The  greater  part  is  devoted  to  the  LXX.  It  discovers  consi 
derable  learning  and  research;  and  is  one  of  the  works  that  ought 
to  be  consulted  in  the  examination  of  the  Septuagint." — ORME. 

Blair,  John,  d.  1771,  a  native  of  Ireland,  brother  to 
Samuel  Blair,  also  preached  at  Fog's  Manor,  Penn.,  and 
Other  places.  He  pub.  a  few  sermons,  <fec. 

Blair,  Patrick,  M.D.,  d.  about  1728,  a  Scotch  botan 
ist,  physician,  and  surgeon,  first  attracted  attention  abroad 
by  an  account  of  the  dissection  of  an  elephant  which  died 
in  Dundee  in  1706.  The  paper,  Anatomy  and  Osteology 
of  an  Elephant,  was  pub  in  Phil.  Trans.,  Abr.  v.,  p.  557, 
1710 ;  afterwards  in  (Lon.)  4to,  1713.  Blair  removed  to 
London,  and  pub.  there  in  1720,  8vo,  Botanical  Essays,  in 
two  parts, 

"  In  which  he  strengthened  the  arguments  in  proof  of  the  sexes 
of  plants,  by  sound  reasoning  and  some  new  experiments." 

He  also  pub.  Pharmaco-Botanologia,  Lon.,  1723-28,  4to, 
extending  only  to  the  letter  H;  his  death  preventing  its 
completion.  A  number  of  his  professional  treatises  will 
be  found  in  Phil.  Trans.,  1710-20.  His  Miscellaneous 
Observations  on  the  Practice  of  Physick,  Anatomy,  and 
Surgery,  with  Remarks  on  Botany,  was  pub.,  Lon.,  1718, 
2  vols.  8vo. 

"  He  was  a  Nonjuror,  and  for  his  attachment  to  the  exiled 
femily  of  Stuart  was  imprisoned,  in  the  rebellion  of  1715,  as  a 
suspected  person." 

Blair,  Robert,  1593-1666,  great-grandfather  of  Dr. 
Hugh  Blair.  Autobiography,  from  1593-1636,  pub.  by 
Dr.  McCrie.  Edin.,  1848,  8vo. 

Blair,  Robert,  1699-1747,  a  distant  relative  of  Dr. 
Hugh  Blair,  was  a  native  of  Edinburgh.  In  1731  he  was 
ordained  as  a  minister  of  the  parish  of  Athelstaneford  in 
East  Lothian,  where  he  remained  until  his  death.  He 
pub.  in  1743,  Lon.,  The  Grave,  a  Poem;  pub.  at  Edin.  in 
1747  ;  numerous  editions.  With  12  Plates  after  Blake  by 
Sachiavonetti,  large  4to,  pub.,  Lon.,  1808,  1.  p.  £5  5«. 
(See  BLAKE,  WILLIAM  )  This  poem  met  with  but  little 
attention  at  first,  but  the  commendation  of  Hervey.  Pin- 
kerton,  and  others,  brought  it  into  general  notice.  Of  late 
years  it  seems  to  be  but  little  read.  Mr.  Campbell  praises 
it  highly: 

"  The  eighteenth  century  has  produced  few  specimens  of  blank 
verse  of  so  familiar  and  simple  a  character  as  that  of  The  Grave. 


gloomy  aisles  of  the  city  of  the  dead,  cannot  hope  to  es 
cape  satire  himself.  Mr.  Campbell's  admiration  of  the 
simile  of  "angels'  visits,  short  and  far  between,"  is  well 
known.  Whether  Norris  of  Bemerton  would  have  been 
pleased  with  the  evident  approval  of  his  brother  poets  we 
do  not  venture  to  decide.  That  Blair  was  a  poet  of  a  high 
order,  we  hold  to  be  unquestionable.  The  sketches  com 
mencing  "  See  yonder  hallowed  fane !"  and  "  Invidious 
Grave,"  show  the  hand  of  the  master. 

Blair,  Robt.  Achromatic  Telescopes,  Nic.  Jour.,  1797. 

Blair,  Samuel,  d.  1751?  a  native  of  Ireland,  settled 
in  Pennsylvania,  and  about  1745  opened  an  academy  at 
Fog's  Manor,  Chester  County,  and  officiated  at  the  church 
at  this  place.  His  works,  consisting  of  Sermons,  Treatises, 
and  a  Narrative  of  a  Revival  of  Religion  in  Pennsylvania, 
were  pub.  in  1754  by  Wm.  Bradford,  Philadelphia. 

"  Mr.  Blair  was  one  of  the  most  learned  and  able,  as  well  as  pious, 
excellent,  and  venerable  men  of  his  day.  He  was  a  profound  di 
vine,  and  a  most  solemn  and  impressive  preacher.'' — Allen's  Amer. 
Bioa.  Diet. 

Blair,  Samuel,  1741-1818,  a  son  of  Samuel  Blair, 
(see  ante,)  of  Ireland,  was  born  at  Fog's  Manor,  Chester 
He  married  in  1769  a  daughter  of 


Dr.  Shippen,  the  elder,  of  Philadelphia.     He  pub.  in  1761 
an  Oration  on  the  Death  of  George  II. 

Blair,  William,  1765-1822,  an  eminent  surgeon,  was 
a  native  of  Essex.  He  was  not  so  much  engrossed  by  pro 
fessional  pursuits  as  to  prevent  his  taking  a  lively  interest 
in  the  distribution  of  the  Holy  Scriptures,  and  in  other 
benevolent  enterprises.  He  pub.  a  number  of  professional 
and  other  works.  Among  them  are  The  Soldier's  Friend, 
or  the  Means  of  Preserving  the  Health  of  Military  Men, 
Lon.,  1798,  8vo.  Of  Anthropology,  or  the  Natural  History 
of  Men,  Lon.,  1803,  8vo.  The  Vaccine  Contest,  or  mild 
Humanity,  Reason,  Religion,  and  Truth,  against  fierce, 
unfeeling  Ferocity,  overbearing  Insolence,  mortified  Pride, 
false  Faith,  and  Desperation  ;  being  an  exact  outline  of  the 
arguments  and  interesting  facts  adduced  by  the  principal 
Combatants  on  both  sides  respecting  Cow-pox  Inoculation, 
Lon.,  1806,  8vo.  This  belligerent  proclamation  proves 
that  our  excellent  doctor  could  buckle  on  his  armour  and 
be  "a  man  of  war"  in  defence  of  the  right.  He  also  pub. 
some  pieces  on  Penitentiaries,  <fec.,  and  contributed  several 
papers  to  Phil.  Trans.,  1794,  Med.  Facts,  1795,  and  Me 
moirs  Med.,  1799. 

Blair,  William.  Inquiry  into  the  State  of  Slavery 
amongst  the  Romans,  Edin.,  1833,  12mo. 

"  The  subject  of  Roman  Slavery  has  lately  been  investigated  with 
great  diligence,  in  a  very  modest  but  valuable  volume,  by  William 
Blair,  Esq." — Oilman's  Gibbon. 

Blaise,  Lord.  Discourse  of  Fire  and  Salt,  discover 
ing  many  Mysteries,  Philosophical  and  Theological,  Lon., 
1649,  4to. 

Blake.     Privilege  of  H.  of  Commons,  1818,  8vo. 
Blake,  And., M.D.  Aphorisms  on  Accouchement,  1818. 
Blake,  Charles.     Lusus  Amatorius,  Lon.,  1694,  fol. 
Hibernia   Plorans,  1689.      Mense   Julii,  Lon.,  1694,  fol. 
Part  of  the  Fifth  Book  of  Milton's  Paradise  Lost,  in  Latin 
verse,  Lon.,  1694. 

Blake,  EdAvard.  Religion  and  its  Temporal  Promises 
connected ;  sermon  on  Matt.  vi.  33,  1756,  8vo. 

Blake,  Francis.  Mathemat.  con.  to  Phil.  Trans., 
1751,  8vo. 

Blake, Sir  Francis.  Political  treatises,Lon.,  1785-90. 
Blake,  George.     New  method  of  Brewing,  Lon., 
1791,  8vo. 

Blake,  H.  J.  C.     Ten  Parochial  Sermons,  adapted  to 
a  country  congregation;  2d  edit.,  Chiches.,  1847,  12mo. 
Blake,  J.     Universal  Piece  Writer,  1811,  8vo. 
Blake,  James.   See  Catholick  Sermons,  (1741,  2  vols. 
8vo,)  temp.  James  II.,  vol.  ii.  393. 

Blake,  James,  d.  1771,  aged  21,  a  native  of  Dorches 
ter,  Massachusetts,  graduated  at  Harvard  College  in  1759. 
A  vol.  of  his  sermons  was  pub.  after  his  death. 

"His  sermons  indicate  a  warmth  of  pious  feeling  honourable  to 
his  character." 


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Blake,  Capt.  John.  Marine  System  of  G.  Brit., 
1758,  Svo. 

Blake,  John.  Letter  on  Inoculation,  Lon.,  1771,  8vo. 
Blake,  John  L.,  D.D.,  1788-1857, b. at  Northwood,  N. 
H.,  grad.  Brown  University,  1812,  in  the  class  with  Chief 
Justice  Richard  W.  Greene,  LL.D.,  Prof.  Wm.  G.  Goddard, 
LL.D.,  and  Rev.  Cyrus  Kingsbury,  D.D.  He  was  Princi 
pal  of  a  Young  Ladies'  School  about  12  years,  during  which 
time  he  published  a  Text  Book  of  Geography,  Chronology, 
and  History ;  Text  Book  of  Modern  Geography ;  Compen 
dium  of  Universal  Geography;  First  Reader;  Second 
Reader;  Historical  Reader;  High  School  Reader;  Lec 
tures  on  Rhetoric;  First  Book  in  Natural  Philosophy; 
First  Book  in  Astronomy;  Mrs.  Marcet's  Conversations, 
4  vols.  Some  of  these  works  have  been  in  use  more  than 
forty  years,  and  to  them  we  are  indebted  for  a  new  feature 
in  School-Book  Literature ;  namely,  an  analysis  of  the  text 
in  printed  Questions  at  the  bottom  of  each  page,  which 
plan  has  since  been  frequently  adopted.  He  has  been 
Rector  of  an  Episcopal  Church  for  fifteen  years ;  the  first 
at  N.  Providence,  R.  L,  the  next  at  Concord,  N.  H.,  and 
for  nearly  eight  years  at  Boston.  He  has  written  nume 
rous  Theological  orations  and  addresses,  besides  many  ser 
mons.  During  the  twenty-five  years  prior  to  1855,  he  has 
devoted  his  attention  to  general  literature ;  the  results  of 
which  are,  bis  Family  Encyclopedia,  roy.  Svo,  pp.  960; 
General  Biographical  Dictionary,  roy.  8vo,  pp.  1100. 

'•  \\  e  cordially  recommend  this  volume  to  all  who  desire  a  con 
venient  and  comprehensive  summary  of  Biographical  History,  and 
hesitate  not  to  say  it  is  worthy  of  a  place  iu  every  library." — Chro 
nicle  of  the  Church. 

So  great  has  been  the  demand  for  this  work  that  the  8th 
edit,  was  pub.  in  1853,  and  the  9th  just  before  the  author's 
death.  Of  several  small  volmnes  for  school-libraries  are 
the  following:  Book  of  Nature  Laid  Open;  Parental  In 
structions  ;  Wonders  of  the  Earth  ;  Wonders  of  the  Ocean ; 
Wonders  of  Art,<fec. ;  Farmer's  Every  Day  Book,  Svo,  654  pp. 
"  This  work  should  not  only  be  in  the  library  of  every  farmer,  but 
it  should  hold  a  prominent  place  in  the  library  of  every  family  in 
the  country ;  for  it  presents  ably  and  truly  the  importance  of  agri 
culture,  and  the  advantages  and  pleasure  of  rural  pursuits." — N; 
E.  Ftinncr. 

Blake,  Malachi,  d.  1760.  Account  of  the  fire  at 
Blandford-Forum,  1731:  and  a  sermon,  2d  edit.,  Lon., 
1735,  12mo. 

Blake, Mark.  Letter  to  Clergy  Ch.  Scotland,  1794,  Svo. 
Blake,  Martin.     Sermon,  1661,  4lo. 
Blake,  Robert.     Triumph  of  Scipio ;  an  Hist.  Poem 
on  the  late  Rebellion,  1755,  4to. 

Blake,  Robert,  M.D.  Structure  of  the  Teeth,  Dubl., 
1801.  Svo. 

Blake,  Stephen.  The  Compleat  Gardener's  Practice, 
directing  the  exact  way  of  Gardening,  in  three  parts,  the 
Garden  of  Pleasure,  Physical  Garden,  Kitchen  Garden, 
Lon.,  1664,  Svo  or  4to. 

Blake,  Thomas,  1597-1657,  a  Puritan  divine,  was  a 
native  of  Staffordshire.  He  was  entered  at  Christ  Church, 
Oxford,  in  1616.  A  Treatise  of  the  Covenant  of  God  with 
Mankind,  Lon.,  1653,  4to.  The  Covenant  Sealed,  1655, 
4to.  Living  Truths  in  Dying  Times,  1665,  12mo.  Con 
troversial  treatises  on  Infant  Baptism.  At  his  funeral 

"Many  of  the  ministers  and  others  of  the  neighbourhood  being 
present,  Mr.  Anth.  Burgess,  of  Sutton  Colfield,  stept  up  into  the 
pulpit  and  preached  his  funeral  sermon,  wherein,  in  the  conclu 
sion,  he  said  many  things  of  the  defunct  relating  to  his  learning 
and  godliness." — Athen.  Oxon. 

Blake,  Wm.,  1757-1828,  b.  in  London,  an  engraver 
and  author,  attracted  great  attention  by  his  eccentricity 
and  artistic  talents.  The  Gates  of  Paradise,  Illustrated 
by  16  Engravings,  for  Children,  1793,  12mo.  Songs  of 
Experience,  with  Plates.  America;  a  Prophecy,  1793,  fol. 
Europe;  a  Prophecy,  1794,  fol.  A  Descriptive  Catalogue 
of  Pictures,  Poetical  and  Historical  Inventions,  painted  by 
himself  in  Water-Colours,  Lon.,  1809,  12mo.  His  Illus 
trated  Edition  of  Young's  Night  Thoughts,  1779,  imp.  4to, 
and  Illustrations  to  Blair's  Grave,  1808,  imp.  4to,  have 
been  greatly  admired.  Poet.  Sketches,  1783,  Svo.  Songs 
of  Innocence  and  of  Experience,  1789-94,  2  vols.  Svo:  sold, 
1855,  £12  5«. ;  same,  1  vol.  imp.  4to,  coloured  by  the  artist, 
£10  10».  Book  of  Thiel,  1789, 4to.  Vision  of  the  Daughters 
of  Albion,  1793,  s.  f.  Book  of  Ahania,  1795.  Marriage 
of  Heaven  and  Hell,  1800.  Jerusalem :  the  Emanation 
of  the  Giant  Albion,  fol.  Illustrations  to  the  Book  of  Job, 
fol.  Illustrations  to  Comus.  Milton  ;  a  Poem,  1804,  4to, 
£10  10«.,  Bohn's  Cat.  Illustrations  to  Dante,  fol. 

"  Blake  is  a  real  name.  T  assure  you,  and  a  most  extraordinary 
man  he  is.  if  he  still  be  living.  He  is  the  Blake  whose  wild  designs 
accompany  a  splendid  edition  of  Blair's  Grave.  He  paints  in  wa 
ter-colours  marvellous  strango  pictures— visions  of  his  brain— 
Which  he  asserts  he  has  seen.  They  have  great  merit.  I  must 


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look  upon  him  as  one  of  the  most  extraordinary  persons  of  the 
age." — CHARLES  LAMB. 

"  Full  of  feeling  and  delicacy,  and  looked  on  with  wonder  and 
respect  by  the  world."— PMington's  Diet,  of  Painters. 

"The  most  original,  and  in  truth  the  only  new  and  original, 
version  of  the  Scripture  idea  of  Angels  which  I  have  met  with,  is 
that  of  William  Blake,  a  poet-painter,  somewhat  mad,  as  we  are 
told  if  indeed  his  madness  were  not  rather '  the  telescope  of  truth,' 
a  sort  of  poetical  clairvoyance,  bringing  the  unearthly  nearer  to 
him  than  to  others."— Mrs.  Jameson's  Sacred  and  Legendary  Art.  , 
Blake,  William.  Course  of  Exchange,  and  the  De 
preciated  State  of  the  Currency,  Lon.,  1810,  Svo. 

Blake,  William.  Private  Judgment,  a  Sermon, 
1818,  12mo. 

Blakeney,L.  Theolog., <fcc.works,1814-15,8vo  and 4to. 

Blakeney,  R.  P.    Awful  Disclosure  of  the  iniquitous 

principles  taught  by  the  Church  of  Rome,  being  extracts 

trans,  from  the  Moral  Theology  of  Alphonso  Liguori,  who 

was  canonized  in  the  year  1839,  Lon.,  1846,  12rno. 

Blakeway,  John  Brickdale,  1765-1826,  a  divine 
and  antiquary,  was  educated  at  Westminster  School  and 
Oriel  College,  Oxford.  He  pub.  A  Warning  against  Schism, 
a  Sermon,  1799,  4to.  Thanksgiving  Sermon,  1805,  Svo. 
An  Attempt  to  ascertain  the  Author  of  Junius's  Letters, 
1813,  Svo.  He  compiled  a  History  of  Shrewsbury,  the  last 
number  of  which  was  completed  about  the  time  of  his  de- 
,se.  He  left  other  historical  collections,  not  prepared  for 
the  press.  Notices  of  the  Sheriffs  of  Shropshire,  fol. 

BlakeAvay,  Robert.  Sermon  on  obedience  to  King 
George,  1716,  Svo.  An  Essay  towards  the  Cure  of  Reli 
gious  Melancholy,  Lon.,  1717,  Svo. 

Blakey.  On  Making  Steam  Engines,  Lon.,  1793,  Svo. 
Blakey,  Robert.  History  of  the  Philosophy  of  Mind  ; 
embracing  the  opinions  of  all  Writers  on  Mental  Science 
from  the  Earliest  Period  to  the  Present  Time,  4  vols.  Svo, 
Lon.,  1848  ;  again,  1S50. 

"We  regard  these  volumes  as  embodying  little  short  of  the  sub 
stance  of  a  library  in  themselves."— Church  of  England  Quarterly. 
"  We  entirely  congratulate  the  author,  and  still  more  the  public, 
on  the  appearance  of  this  great  work."— Britannia. 

"  For  the  thorough  student  of  the  history  of  philosophy,  this  is 
the  best  guide."— Lon.  Athen. 

Essay  on  Logic,  12mo.  On  Moral  Good  and  Evil,  Svo. 
Hist,  of  Moral  Science,  2  vols.  Svo.  Lives  of  the  Primitive 
Fathers,  Svo.  Temporal  Benefits  of  Christianity,  Svo.  Hist. 
of  Political  Literature,  2  vols.  Svo. 

Blakey,  William,  of  the  College  of  Surgeons  at  Paris. 
Observations  concerning  Ruptures,  Lon.,  1764,  Svo. 

Blackiston,  Capt.  J.  Twelve  years'  [1802-14] 
Military  Adventures  in  three  Quarters  of  the  Globe,  in  which 
are  contained  the  Campaigns  of  the  Duke  of  Wellington 
in  India,  and  his  last  in  Spain  and  the  South  of  France, 
Lon.,  2  vols.  Svo,  1840. 

"A  valuable  body  of  information  upon  the  course  of  the  British 
armv  in  India,  in  Spain,  and  the  South  of  France."— ion.  Atlas. 

"We  like  Twelve  Years'  Military  Adventures  very  much."— 
Btac1  wood's  Magazine. 

Twenty  Years  in  Retirement,  2  vols.  Svo,  1836.  Full 
of  amusing  anecdotes  of  personal  adventure,  and  remarks 
on  men  and  manners. 

Blakiston,  Perry,  M.D.,  late  Physician  to  the  Bir 
mingham  Hospital.  On  Diseases  of  the  Chest,  and  on  the 
Principles  of  Auscultation,  Lon.,  1S47,  Svo. 

"Dr.  Blakiston's  production  not  only  gives  him  a  place  in  the 
rather  thin  ranks  of  sound  and  accomplished  physicians,  possessed 
of  a -true  notion  of  the  importance  of  their  science,  and  of  the 
means  by  which  it  should  be  cultivated,  but  adds  to  English  Me 
dical  Literature  one  of  the  few  really  inductive  works  by  which  it 
is  adorned." — Medico-Chirurgical  .Review. 
Blakwell,  Alexander.  See  BLACKWELL. 
Blamford,  Samuel.  Discourse?,  1660,  8vo. 
Blamire,  Susannah,  1747-1794,  a  native  of  Cum 
berland,  England,  resided  for  some  years  in  Scotland,  where 
she  became  acquainted  with  the  dialect  of  the  country,  and 
devoted  her  attention  so  successfully  to  the  national  poe 
try  as  to  write  Scottish  lyrics  of  great  elegance  and  beauty. 
Her  best-known  pieces  are,  The  Nabob,  The  Siller  Crown, 
The  Waefu'  Heart,  Auld  Robin  Forbes,  and  a  descriptive 
poem  entitled  Stocklewath,  or  the  Cumbrian  Village.  Pa 
trick  Maxwell  pub.  her  works,  with  a  memoir,  preface,  and 
notes  in  1S42,  in  one  volume. 

Blanchard,  Laman,  1803-1845.  The  Lyric  Offering, 
1828.  Tales  and  Essays,  entitled  Sketches  from  the  Life, 
with  a  Memoir  of  the  Author  by  Sir  Edward  Bulwer  Ly  tton, 
Lon.,  1849,  3  vols.  p.  Svo. 

"As  Addison  and  Steele  reflected  their  own  generations,  so  has 
Laman  Blanchard  in  his  sketches  mirrored  forth  the  variable  and 
motley  peculiarities  of  the  present  day:  they  have  but  to  be  read 
to  be  admired.  Let  all  lovers  of  our  British  essayists — all  worship 
pers  of  our  Goldsmiths,  our  Lambs,  and  our  Hawkesworths— add 
these  thi^e  volumes  to  their  previous  collection.  Sir  Edward  Bulwer 
Lyttou's  memoir  will  be  read  with  much  interest." — Lon.  Sun. 


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Blanchard,  W.  J.    Works  on   Short  Hand,  Lon., 

1779-87. 

Blanckley,  T.  R.  A  Naval  Expositor,  explaining 
the  Terms  of  the  Art,  Lon.,  1650,  4to. 

Bland,  Edwarde.  Discovery  of  N.  Brittaine,  Lon., 
1651,  4to. 

Bland,  Elizabeth,  of  London,  born  about  1660,  was 
celebrated  for  her  knowledge  of  the  Hebrew  language, 
which  was  taught  her  by  Lord  Van  Helmont.  There  is 
preserved  in  the  Royal  Society  a  phylactery  in  Hebrew, 
written  by  her  at  the  request  of  Ralph  Thoresby.  Dr. 
Grew  gives  a  description  of  this  in  his  Account  of  Rarities 
preserved  at  Gresham  College,  Lon.,  1681,  fol.  See  Thores- 
by's  Diary  and  Correspondence  for  several  letters  from 
Miss  Bland  (she  was  never  married)  to  Ralph  Thoresby. 
The  honest  antiquary  thus  details  his  surprise  at  the  young 
lady's  erudition : 

"June  26,  1709.  Walked  to  Beeston-IIall  to  visit  Mr.  Bland; 
was  surprised  to  hear  his  daughter  read  Hebrew  distinctly  into 
English,  which  she  learnt  of  her  mother,  who  is  an  ingenious  gen 
tlewoman.  She  presented  me  with  an  autograph  of  the  noted 
George  Fox,  the  founder  of  Quakerism." 

Bland,  Humphrey.     Mil.  Discipline,  Lon.  1727, 8vo. 

Bland,  J.     Theolog.  Treatises,  1768-94. 

Bland,  J.     The  Nabob  of  Oude,  1807,  8vo. 

Bland,  John.     Theolog.  Treatises,  &c.,  1746-50,  <fcc. 

Bland,  M.,  D.D.  Annotations  on  the  Historical  Books 
of  the  New  Testament,  1828-29,  vols.  i.  and  ii. 

"  These  annotations  on  St.  Matthew  and  St.  Mark,  drawn  partly 
from,  the  fathers  and  early  ecclesiastical  writers,  but  principally 
from  early  English  divines,  are  designed  for  the  use  of  students 
at  the  universities,  and  candidates  for  holy  orders." 

Dr.  Bland  has  pub.  a  number  of  mathematical  and  other 
works. 

Bland,  Peter.  Political  treatises,  Lon.  and  Hull,  1642. 

Bland,  Philip.     Plain  Parish  Sers.,  Lon.,  1850, 12mo. 

Bland,  Richard,  d.  1778,  a  political  writer  of  Vir 
ginia,  pub.  in  1766  An  Inquiry  into  the  Rights  of  the 
British  Colonies,  in  answer  to  a  British  publication — Re 
gulations  concerning  the  Colonies,  &c.  Arthur  Lee  and 
Jefferson  also  took  part  in  the  controversies  of  this  period. 
In  1758  he  wrote  on  the  controversy  between  the  clergy 
and  the  Assembly  concerning  the  Tobacco  tax. 

"  His  perfect  mastery  of  every  fact  connected  with  the  settle 
ment  and  progress  of  the  colony  had  given  him  the  name  of  the 
Yirginian  antiquary.  He  was  a  politician  of  the  first  class,  a  pro 
found  logician,  and  was  also  considered  as  the  first  writer  in  the 
colony."  See  Jefferson's  Notes ;  "VVirt's  Life  of  Henry. 

Bland,  Robert,  M.D.  Observations  on  Parturition, 
Lon.,  1794,  8vo.  Proverbs,  2  vols.  8vo,  1814.  Profess. 
Con.  to  Phil.  Trans.,  1781. 

Bland,  Robert,  1779-1825,  son  of  the  above,  was 
for  some  time  minister  of  the  English  Church  at  Amster 
dam,  afterwards  settled  at  Kenilworth.  Two  Poems,  Lon., 
1808,  8vo.  The  Four  Slaves  of  Cythera,  1809,  8vo.  Mi 
nor  Poets  of  Greece,  1813,  8vo.  Collections  from  the 
Greek  Mythology,  1813,  8vo,  assisted  by  J.  H.  Merivale, 
<fec. :  hence  Byron  calls  them  the  "Associate  Bards,"  in 
his  English  Bards,  <fec. 

"Rarely  has  the  world  obtained  a  richer  treasure  of  poetic  gems 
than  is  contained  in  this  collection." — Lon.  Athen. 

In  conjunction  with  Miss  Plumtree,  Mr.  Bland  trans,  the 
Memoirs  of  De  Grimm  and  Diderot,  2  vols.  8vo,  1813. 

Bland,  Col.  Theodoric,  1742-1790.  Bland  Papers. 
See  CAMPBELL,  CHARLES,  p.  331. 

Bland,  Theodoric.  Report  of  Cases  decided  in  the 
High  Court  of  Chancery,  Maryland,  Bait.,  1836-41. 

Bland,  Thomas.     On  Epilepsy,  Med.  Comm.,  1780. 

Bland,  Tobie.     Baite  for  Momus,  Lon.,  1589,  4to. 

Bland,  Wm.,  Jr.  The  Principles  of  Agriculture, 
Lon.,  1827,  8vo. 

"The  volume  treats  the  processes  of  cultivation  in  a  very  con 
cise  and  enli-htened  manner.  The  author  holds  to  practice,  and 
observes  the  results."— Donaldson's  AgricuU.  Sing. 

Blandie,  William,  educated  at  Oxford,  trans,  the 
Five  Books  of  Hieronimus  Osorius,  Lon.,  1576,  4to. 

"This  is  a  rare  book.  I  think  Mr.  Blandie,  the  translator,  was 
a  Roman  Catholick."— MS.  note  by  Hearne,  in  his  copy  of  the  above 
tvorl: 

Blandy,  Adam.  Fellow  of  Pembroke  College,  Ox 
ford.  Chronological  tables  of  the  World,  8vo. 

Blandy,  William.  The  Castle  or  Picture  of  Policy 
Lon.,  1581,  4to. 

"Shewing  forth,  most  lively,  the  Face.  Body,  and  Parts  of  a 
Commonwealth;  the  Duty,  Quality,  Profession  of  a  Perfect  and 
Absolute  Soldier." —  Title-page. 

Blane,  Sir  Gilbert,  Bart.,  M.D.,  1749-1834,  an  emi 
nent  physician,  was  a  native  of  Banefield,  county  of  Ayr, 
Scotland.  He  served  for  some  time  in  the  Royal  Navy^ 
and  was  afterwards  elected  physician  to  St.  Thomas's  Hos-pi- 
tal,  and  appointed  Physician  Extraordinary  to  George  IV., 


and  subsequently  Physician  in  Ordinary  to  William  IV, 
He  was  created  a  baronet  in  1812.  The  prize  medal 
awarded  to  the  best  journal  kept  by  the  surgeon  of  the 
Navy  was  a  proposition  of  Sir  Gilbert's.  He  pub.  many 
professional  works,  1775-1832.  We  notice  some  of  the 
principal :  Observations  on  the  Diseases  incident  to  Sea 
men,  Lon.,  1785,  8vo.  A  Lecture  on  Muscular  Motion, 
Lon.,  1790,  4to.  This  work  is  highly  commended  by  phy 
siologists.  A  Serious  Address  to  the  Public  on  the  Prac 
tice  of  Vaccination,  Lon.,  1811,  8vo.  Elements  of  Medi 
cal  Logic,  including  a  statement  respecting  the  contagious 
nature  of  the  Yellow  Fever,  Lon.,  1818,  8vo.  Select  Dis 
sertations  on  several  Subjects  of  Medical  Science,  Lon., 
1822,  8vo.  A  Brief  Statement  of  the  Progressive  Im 
provement  of  the  Health  of  the  Royal  Navy  at  the  end 
of  the  18th  and  beginning  of  the  19th  century,  Lon.,  1830, 
8vo.  Warning  and  Admonition  to  the  British  Public  on 
the  Introduction  of  the  Cholera  of  India,  Lon.,  1832,  Svo> 

Sir  Gilbert  had  six  sons  and  three  daughters.  His  suc 
cessor  in  the  title,  Sir  Hugh  Seymour  Blane,  served  with 
distinction  at  Waterloo  as  an  officer  of  the  Third  Guards. 

Blane,  William.  Essays  on  Hunting,  Lon.,  1781, 
8vo.  Hunting  Excursion  of  Asnph  ul  Dowlah,  Lon.,  1788, 
8vo.  Production  of  Borax,  Phil.  Trans.,  1787. 

Blanshard,  Henry.  Appeal  for  India,  Lon., 1836, 8vo. 

Blanshard,  William.  Statutes  of  Limitation,  Lon., 
1820,  8vo. 

Blaquiere,  Edward,  Royal  Navy.  Letters  from  the 
Mediterranean,  2  vols.  8vo,  Lou.,  1813. 

"Mr.  Blaquiere  has  produced  an  interesting  and  considerably 
important  work,  which  is  not  merely  creditable  to  his  talents,  but 
his  integrity,  and  from  which  his  Majesty's  Government  may  ac 
quire  a  great  deal  of  useful  information.'' — Eclectic  Review. 

"  Mr.  Blaquiere  has  given  a  more  minute,  full,  and  entertaining 
picture  of  these  countries  than  any  of  his  competitors." — Edinburgh 
Review. 

An  Historical  Review  of  the  Spanish  Revolution,  8vo. 

"It  is  impossible  to  peruse  this  volume  without  feelings  of 
the  most  affecting  and  irresistible  nature." — London  Monthly  Mag., 

The  Greek  Revolution :  its  Origin  and  Progress,  8vo. 

"To  Mr.  B.,  Greece  is  much  indebted  for  his  exertions  in  her 
behalf,  and  the  British  public  will  thank  him  for  the  very  clear 
and  impartial  account  he  has  given  of  one  of  the  most  interesting 
revolutions  that  has  occurred  in  the  history  of  the  World." — Lon 
don  Literary  Chronicle,. 

Narrative  of  a  Residence  in  Algiers,  by  M.  Pananti, 
with  notes  by  E.  Blaquiere,  4to. 

"  This  volume  will  be  found  to  be  an  object  of  particular  curio 
sity  from  the  minute  and  lively  manner  in  which  it  lays  open 
the  interior  of  the  Court  of  the  Dey  of  Algiers." 

Description  of  Venezuela,  Trinidad,  Margarita,  and  To 
bago,  from  the  French  of  M.  De  Lavaysse,  8vo. 

"Of  this  useful  and  instructive  volume  it  is  impossible  to  speak 
too  highly.  The  original  Author,  M.  Lavaysse,  is  a  philanthro 
pist  and  a  philosopher,  and  the  Translator  has  not  only  done  him 
justice,  but  has  enriched  the  work  with  many  valuable  notes  and 
illustrations." — London  Monthly  M:ig.,  Jan..  1820. 

Mr.  Blaquiere  pub.  a  few  other  works. 

Blaquiere,  Hon.  William.  Trans,  of  Schiller's 
History  of  the  Thirty  Years'  War,  Lon.,  1799,  2  vols.  8vo. 

"  It  neither  conveys  an  adequate  idea  of  the  original  work,  nor 
presents  even  correct  English  composition." — Lon.  Monthly  Review. 

Blan,  Robert.    Grammatical  works,  Edin.,  1701,  Svo. 

Blaxland,  George.  Codex  Legum  Anglicarum  ;  or 
a  digest  of  principles  of  English  Law ;  arranged  in  the 
order  of  the  Code  Napoleon,  with  a  Historical  Introduc 
tion,  Lon.,  1839,  8vo. 

"  The  author's  object  in  this  work  has  been  to  collect  as  many 
rules  of  English  law  as  there  are  articles  of  the  French  Code,  bear 
ing  on  similar  points  and  arranged  in  the  same  order." 

Blaxton,  John.  English  Usurer,  or  Usury  Con 
demned  by  the  most  learned  and  famous  Divines  of  the 
Church  of  England,  Lon.,  1634,  4to.  Verses  by  George 
Wither  at  the  end.  On  this  subject,  see  Bentham's  De 
fence  of  Usury. 

Blaymires,  J.     Christian  Spelling  Book,  1790,  Svo. 

Blayiiey,  Major  General,  Lord.  Narrative  of  a 
forced  Journey  through  France  and  Spain,  as  a  Prisoner 
of  War,  in  the  years  1810-14,  2  vols.  8vo,  1814.  Vol.  3, 
sequel,  1816.  See  a  critique  on  this  work,  Quarterly  Re 
view,  vols.  xiv.,  xv. 

Blayney,  Allan.  Festorum  Metropolis,Lon.,1654,8vo. 

Blayney,  Benjamin,  D.D.,  d.  1801,  of  Worcester 
College,  Oxford,  afterwards  of  Hertford  College ;  M.  A., 
1753;  B.  D.,  1768;  D.  D.,  1787;  and  in  the  same  year 
Regius  Professor  of  Hebrew,  Oxford.  He  was  very  emi 
nent  as  a  Biblical  critic.  A  Dissertation  on  Daniel's  70 
Weeks,  Oxf.,  1775,  4to.  This  controverts  some  points  of 
Michaelis's  opinions.  See  Lon.  Monthly  Review,  0.  S., 
vol.  Hi.  Jeremiah  and  Lamentations :  a  new  translation, 


BLA 


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tfith  Notes,  philological  and  explanatory,  Oxf.,  1784,  4to; 
2d  edit,  with  additions,  1797,  4to.     Edin.,  1810,  8vo. 

"  This  work  is  executed  on  the  same  plan  as  Bishop  Lowth's 
version  of  Isaiah ;  and  though  not  with  equal  success,  yet  with 
much  credit  to  the  author,  both  as  a  translator  and  a  critic.  .  .  . 
The  notes  are  very  copious.  Many  of  them  are  very  useful,  and 
some  discover  much  critical  knowledge  in  the  Hebrew  language, 
and  a  good  acquaintance  with  ancient  history." — Lon.  Monthly 
Review. 

Zechariah  :  a  New  Translation, with  Notes,Lon.,1797,4to. 

"  We  think  it  our  duty  to  say  that  Dr.  Blayney  has  produced  a 
valuable  illustration  of  Zechariah.  and  afforded  great  assistance  to 
the  biblical  student."— British  Critic,  O.  S.,  vol.  xiii.  See  Monthly 
Review,  N.  S.,  vol.  xxviii. 

Pentateuchus  Hebraeo-Samaritanus,  &c.,0xon.  1790,8vo. 

"The  text  of  the  Hebnco-Samaritan  Pentateuch,  which  was 
printed  in  Bishop  Walton's  Polyglot,  has  been  adopted  as  the  basis 
of  this  edition,  to  which  have  been  added  various  readings  from 
Dr.  Kennicott's  edition  of  the  Hebrew  Bible." — Homes  Introduc 
tion. 

Dr.  Blayney  bestowed  much  labour  in  revising  the  edi 
tion  of  the  Authorized  Version  of  the  Bible,  printed  at  the 
Clarendon  Press,  1769,  4to,  and  fol.  He  also  added  many 
marginal  references  to  this  edition.  See  Home's  Intro 
duction. 

"  Blayney  was  not  deficient  in  learning,  but  he  had  not  that  ex 
quisite  taste,  and  acute  discernment  of  poetical  beauty,  for  which 
Lowth  was  distinguished."— ORME. 

Blayney,  Frederick.     Life  Annuities,  1818. 

Bleamire,  William.  Remarks  on  the  Poor  Laws 
and  the  Maintenance  of  the  Poor,  Lon.,  1800,  8vo. 

Blechynden,  Richard.  Theolog.  treatise,  Lon., 
1685,  fol. 

Bleecker,  Anne  Eliza,  1752-1783,  a  daughter  of 
Brandt  Schuyler  of  New  York,  was  married  in  1769  to 
John  J.  Bleecker  of  New  Rochelle.  After  her  death  some 
of  her  writings  were  collected  and  published  in  1793,  and 
again  in  1809,  with  a  notice  of  her  life  by  her  daughter, 
Mrs.  Margarette  V.  Faugeres.  Some  of  Mrs.  F.'s  Essays 
will  be  found  in  the  volume. 

"  The  memoirs  of  Mrs.  Bleecker  and  her  Poems,  were  published 
many  years  ago,  but  I  have  sought  in  vain  among  the  libraries 
and  the  Bleeckers,  to  obtain  a  copy."— W.  L.  STONE  :  Life  of  Brant, 
vol.  i.  p.  207. 

"  There  are  no  wonderful  traces  of  genius  in  Mrs.  Bleecker's 
poems;  but  they  show  a  refined  taste,  and  talents  which  might 
have  been  cultivated  to  higher  efforts,  if  the  circumstances  sur 
rounding  the  author  had  been  propitious.  There  is  a  pure  current 
of  conjugal  and  maternal  feeling  to  be  traced  in  all  her  effusions." 
— MRS.  S.  J.  HALE:  Woman's  Record. 

Bleecker,  Anthony,  d.  1827,  aged  49,  a  graduate  of 
Columbia  College,  New  York,  pub.  many  fugitive  poetical 
pieces. 

"  For  thirty  years  the  periodical  literature  of  New  York  and 
Philadelphia  was  constantly  indebted  to  his  fancy  and  good  taste." 
Allen's  Amer.  Biog.  Diet. 

Blegborough,  Ralph,  M.D.,  1769-1827,  a  London 
physician.  Facts  respecting  the  Air  Pump,  <fec.,  Lon., 
1803,  8vo.  He  contributed  to  several  medical  periodicals. 

Blencowe,  Edward,  formerly  Fellow  of  Oriel  Col 
lege.  Plain  Sermons  addressed  to  a  Country  congrega 
tion,  1st,  2d,  and  3d  series,  Lon.,  3  vols.  8vo.  3d  series 
pub.  1851. 

'•  The  discourses  are  plain,  interesting,  and  pre-eminently  prac 
tical." — English  Churchman. 

"They  really  deserve  their  title  of  plain  sermons,  and  that  is 
the  very  highest  praise  that  could  be  accorded  to  any."— ion.  Critic. 

"  Simple,  intelligible,  and  affectionate."—  Church  and  StateGazette. 

"  Very  stirring  and  practical." — Christian  Remembrancer. 

Blencowe,  R.  W.  Editor  of  Hon.  Henry  Sidney's 
Diary  of  Charles  the  Second's  Times,  2  vols.  8vo.  See 
SIDNEY,  HON.  HENRY. 

Blener-Hasset,  Thomas,  a  minor  poet,  temp. 
Elizabeth,  made  additions  to  the  edition  of  the  Mirrour 
for  Magistrates,  pub.  in  1578. 

"  The  year  1578  not  only  produced  this  second  impression  of 
Higgins's  Mirrour,  but  witnessed  a  fifth  and  separate  edition  of 
Baldwyne's  labours,  with  the  addition  of  two  legends,  and  an  in 
termediate  part  written  by  Tfiomas  Blener-Hasset,  containing 
twelve  stories,  and  entitled  The  Seconde  part  of  the  Mirrour  of 
Magistrates,  conteining  the  falles  of  the  infortunate  Princes  of 
this  Lande ;  from  the  Conquest  of  Ca?ser  into  the  commyng  of 
Duke  William  the  Conqueror."— Drake's  Shakspeare  and  His  Times, 
vol.  i. 

Blener-Hasset  pub.  in  1610,  A  Direction  for  the  Planta 
tion  of  Ulster. 

Blenman,  Richard.  Acts  of  Parliament,  Lon.,  1742, 
8vo. 

Blennerhaysett,  Thomas.     Sermons,  1715-16. 

Blesen,  or  Blesenis,  Peter,  d.  about  1200?  Arch 
deacon  of  Bath,  afterwards  of  London,  a  native  of  Blois, 
was  a  favourite  with  Henry  II.  of  England.  Opera,  Paris, 
1519.  Auctiora,  cum  notis,  Paris,  1667,  fol.  Paralipo- 
mena  Operum,  Col.  Agr.,  1624,  8vo.  Continuatio  :  Histo- 
ria  Ingulphi,  Ac.,  Oxf.,  1654? 


Blessington,  Countess  of,  1787-1849,  was  b.  at 
Knockbut,  Tipperary,  Ireland,  the  second  daughter  of 
Edmund  Power,  Esq.,  of  Carrabeen.  At  the  age  of  fifteen 
she  married  Captain  Farmer  of  the  47th  Regiment,  R.  A. 
He  died  in  1817.  Possessed  of  great  personal  beauty,  and 
highly  accomplished,  she  did  not  long  remain  a  widow, 
and  in  1818  was  married  to  Charles  John  Gardiner,  Earl 
of  Blessington.  The  Earl  and  Countess  resided  chiefly 
on  the  Continent  until  the  death  of  the  former  in  1829, 
when  she  moved  to  London,  and  resided  there,  first  in 
Berkeley-Square,  and  subsequently  at  Gore  House,  until 
1849,  when  ehe  removed  to  Paris,  where  she  died  in  the 
same  year.  The  marriage  of  her  step-daughter,  Lady 
Harriet  Anne  Frances  Gardiner,  the  only  child  of  the  Earl 
of  Blessington,  to  Count  D'Orsay,  their  separation,  and 
the  subsequent  family  history,  are  no  secrets  either  in  the 
Empire  of  Fashion  or  the  Republic  of  Letters. 

Lord  Byron  was  a  great  admirer  of  Lady  Blessington, 
and  her  published  Conversations  with  him  was  one  of  the 
most  popular  books  of  the  day.  Lady  B.'s  publications 
are  numerous : 

The  Magic  Lantern.  Sketches  and  Fragments.  Tour 
in  the  Netherlands.  Conversations  with  Lord  Byron.  The 
Repealers.  The  Victims  of  Society. 

"  The  "Victims  of  Society,  and  The  Repealers,  have  found  par 
ticular  favour  in  the  eyes  of  those  whose  range  of  reading  is  still 
confined  to  the  shelves  of  a  circulating  library." — Hunt's  London 
Journal. 

The  Two  Friends.    Meredith. 

"The  plot  is  one  which  must  be  read  through  to  be  appreciated; 
and  we  take  leave  of  Lady  Blessington,  knowing  that  the  name 
of  her  readers  will  be  legion,  and  that  they  will  find  ample  amuse 
ment  and  interest  in  the  clever  and  fanciful  story  of  Meredith." — 
London  Court  Journal,  July  8, 1843. 

The  Idler  in  Italy.     The  Idler  in  France. 

"  As  Lady  Blessington,  during  her  residence  in  Paris,  moved  in 
the  most  brilliant  society  in  the  French  metropolis,  her  Idler  in 
France,  as  may  readily  be  imagined,  is  remarkably  rich  in  piquant 
Anecdote.  Exclusive  of  the  large  number  of  distinguished  foreign 
ers  who  have  a  place  in  these  volumes,  her  ladyship  introduces  the 
reader  to  an  assemblage,  equally  brilliant,  of  her  own  compatriots. 
Among  others,  the  Dukes  of  Wellington  and  Hamilton ;  the  Ladies 
Ha  warden,  Combermere,  Stuart  de  Rothsay,  Lyndsay,  and  Dysart; 
Lords  Byron,  Yarmouth,  Lilford,  Lansdowne,  Darnley,  Charle- 
mont,  Stuart  de  Rothsay,  Erskine,  Glenelg,  Rosslyn,  John  Russell, 
Allen,  Pembroke,  Palmerston,  Castlereagh,  Cadogan,  and  Abinger ; 
Sirs  Robert  Peel,  Francis  Burdett,  Andrew  Barnard,  William  Drum- 
mond,  William  Gell ;  Colonels  E.  Lygon,  Leicester  Stanhope,  and 
Caradoc;  and  Messrs.  Charles  Mills,  Douglas  Kincaird,  Standish, 
Cuthbert,  Disraeli,  Walter  Savage  Landor,  Shelley,  William  Spen 
cer,  Rogers,  Luttrell,  &c." 

"  In  Paris  and  Parisian  society,  Lady  Blessington  is  quite  at 
home." — London  Athenaeum. 

"  A  couple  of  delightful  volumes,  by  the  most  delightful  of  fe 
male  writers." — London  Weekly  Chronicle. 

The  Governess.     Confessions  of  an  Elderly  Gentleman. 

"  This  is  a  most  charming  volume — full  of  the  nice  feeling,  the 
keen  perception,  and  the  delicate  mind  of  a  woman.  Certainly  an 
elderly  gentleman,  who  has  been  in  love  six  times,  has  done  his 
duty  by  the  female  sex ;  but  the  six  lovely  fa,ces  collected  by  Parris 
quite  warrant  the  proceeding.  Each  face  has  its  separate  history 
delightfully  done.  The  stories  are  singularly  lively,  and  lighted 
up  by  a  myriad  of  observations  either  shrewd  or  touching." — Lon. 
Literary  Gazette. 

,  "  This  is  much  the  best  of  Lady  Blessington's  fictions.  It  has 
the  consistency  of  an  autobiography ;  and  the  reader  will  listen 
with  interest  and  curiosity  till  the  Elderly  Gentleman  has  nothing 
more  to  confess.  There  is  incident  enough  in  each  of  his  tales  to 
have  furnished  a  three-volume  novel.  The  two  pathetic  stories 
relieve  the  livelier  ones  very  happily;  and  we  close  the  records  of 
his  dreams  and  follies  with  a  full  conviction  that  the  Elderly  Gen 
tleman  deserved  his  six  disappointments." — Lon.  Athenceum. 

These  Confessions  are  sparkling  in  their  execution,  and  like 
all  the  novels  of  the  accomplished  writer,  they  are  peculiarly 
Romans  de  Societi. — the  characters  that  move  and  breathe  through 
out  them  are  the  actual  persons  of  the  great  world ;  and  the  re 
flections  with  which  they  abound  belong  to  the  philosophy  of  one 
who  has  well  examined  the  existing  manners.  Her  portraiture  of 
familiar  scenes,  of  every-day  incidents,  are  matchless  for  truth  and 
grace." — Edinburgh  Review. 

'  There  are  few  fictions,  though  of  thrice  the  exterior  preten 
sions  of  these  Confessions,  that  possess  so  much  weight." — London 
Monthly  Review. 

Country  Quarters.  Marmaduke  Herbert.  Confessions  of 
an  Elderly  Lady. 

"  The  Confessions  of  an  Elderly  Gentleman  is  a  deservedly  popu 
lar  work ;  but  its  present  companion  is,  we  think,  even  superior. 
The  niceties  of  feminine  perception;  the  workings  of  the  female 
heart ;  the  innate  feelings  and  educational  restraints  which  control 
and  modify  the  passions  of  the  sex,  shape  its  actions,  and  form  its 
character,  are  all  portrayed  with  striking  fidelity.  It  is  with 
these  slight  shades,  which,  like  the  strong  colours  in  man's  life, 
work  out  the  destinies  of  woman,  that  Lady  Blessington  has  painted 
the  portrait  of  her  heroine,  and  illustrated  every  turn  of  her  fate, 
from  over-indulged  infancy  to  irritable  and  peevish  age.  The  les 
son  is  a  fine  one ;  the  incidents  full  of  interest,  and  the  denoue 
ment  most  skilful  and  admirable.  Of  axiomatic  beauties,  which 
always  distinguish  productions  of  real  talent  and  merit,  there  are 
some  sparkling  gems,  which  cast  a  brilliant  light  upon  the  fabric, 


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BLI 


and  afford  a  happy  relief  to  the  tissue  of  loves,  and  cares,  and 
hopes,  and  disappointments,  and  sorrows.  Parris's  eight  portraits 
are  exquisite :  we  know  not  which  is  most  lovely.  They  are,  in 
deed,  delightful  illustrations  of  the  story."— Lon.  Literary  Gazette. 

"  It  forms  a  pendant  to  Confessions  of  an  Elderly  Gentleman, 
by  the  same  fair  hand,  and  fully  equals,  if  not  exceeds,  its  prede 
cessor.  There  are  a  grace  and  elegance  about  both  works  which 
cannot  fail  to  attract  and  captivate." — John  Bull. 

"  A  more  perfect  moral  anatomization  of  the  female  heart  has 
seldom  been  exhibited  in  any  work  of  fiction.  The  serious  passages 
are  agreeably  relieved  by  some  amusing  sketches  of  the  aristocra 
cy  of  by-gone  times.  .  .  .  If  the  confessions  of  the 'Lady' do  not  ex 
hibit  so  much  variety  as  those  of  the  '  Gentleman,'  they  are  infi 
nitely  superior  in  the  depth  of  their  interest,  and  in  the  excellence 
of  the  lessons  they  inculcate."— Morning  Post. 

"  No  actual  confessions,  whosoever  the  autobiographer  might  be, 
ever  interested  us  more;  nor  were  any  ever  made  that  proffer  a 
finer  and  truer  lesson  to  humanity,  to  women  especially.  Vanity 
and  pride  in  women  were  never  laid  bare  by  a  firmer  or  gentler 
hand.  .  .  .  Immeasurably  superior  to  the  Confessions  of  an  Elder 
ly  Gentleman." — Court  Journal. 

"The  tale  throughout  is  written  with  ease  and  elegance." — 
Aihenmim. 

Desultory  Thoughts  and  Reflections. 

"  These  terse  and  well-digested  aphorisms  are  as  remarkable  for 
their  moral  value  as  for  their  elegant  and  graceful  setting." — 
Conservative  Journal. 

The  Belle  of  a  Season.  Tour  through  the  Netherlands 
to  Paris.  Strathren.  Memoirs  of  a  Femme  de  Chambre. 

The  Lottery  of  Life,  and  other  tales. 

"  Lady  Blessington's  book  has  been  very  pleasant  reading  to  us. 
It  is  gracefully  written  throughout,  and  with  a  lively  power  of 
good-hearted  ridicule.  Lady  Blessington  excels  in  what  we  may 
call  refined  caricature,  in  which  a  spirit  of  frolic  and  exaggeration 
runs  side  by  side  with  a  cheerful  fancy,  shrewd  observation,  and 
humour  both  sharp  and  genial.  These  volumes  will  add  to  Lady 
Blessington's  reputation,  as  a  lively,  acute,  and  agreeable  writer." 
—London  Examiner. 

Lady  B.  contributed  many  articles  to  the  periodicals  of 
the  day,  and  for  7  or  8  years  edited  The  Keepsake  and 
The  Gems  of  Beauty. 

We  present  the  reader  with  a  full-length  portrait  of  the 
Countess  of  Blessington,  drawn  by  the  graphic  pencil  of 
an  acquaintance  of  her  ladyship — N.  P.  Willis,  Esq.,  of 
New  York, 

"  The  portrait  of  Lady  Blessington  in  the  Book  of  Beauty  is  not 
unlike  her,  but  it  is  still  an  unfavourable  likeness.  A  picture  by 
Sir  Thomas  Lawrence  hung  opposite  me,  taken,  perhaps,  at  the 
age  of  eighteen,  which  is  more  like  her,  and  as  captivating  a  re 
presentation  of  a  just  matured  woman,  full  of  loveliness  and  love, 
the  kind  of  creature  with  whose  divine  sweetness  the  gazer's  heart 
aches,  as  ever  was  drawn  in  the  painter's  most  inspired  hour. 
The  original  is  now  (she  confessed  it  very  frankly)  forty.  She 
looks  something  on  the  sunny  side  of  thirty.  Her  person  is  full, 
but  preserves  all  the  fineness  of  an  admirable  shape ;  her  foot  is 
not  crowded  in  a  satin  slipper  for  which  a  Cinderella  might  be 
looked  for  in  vain,  and  her  complexion  (an  unusually  fair  skin, 
with  very  dark  hair  and  eyebrows)  is  of  even  a  girlish  delicacy 
and  freshness.  Her  dress  of  blue  satin  (if  I  am  describing  her  like 
a  milliner,  it  is  because  I  have  here  and  there  a  reader  of  the  Mirror 
in  my  eye  who  will  be  amused  by  it)  was  cut  low,  and  folded 
across  her  bosom,  in  a  way  to  show  to  advantage  the  round  and 
sculpture-like  curve  and  whiteness  of  a  pair  of  exquisite  shoulders, 
while  her  hair  dressed  close  to  her  head,  and  parted  simply  on  her 
forehead  with  a  rich  feronHre  of  turquoise,  enveloped  in  cleat 
outline  a  head  with  which  it  would  be  difficult  to  find  a  fault. 
Her  features  are  regular,  and  her  mouth,  the  most  expressive  of 
them,  has  a  ripe  fulness  and  freedom  of  play,  peculiar  to  the  Irish 
physiognomy,  and  expressive  of  the  most  unsuspicious  good  hu 
mour.  Add  to  all  this  a  voice  merry  and  sad  by  turns,  but  always 
musical,  and  manners  of  the  most  unpretending  elegance,  yet  even 
more  remarkable  for  their  winning  kindness,  and  you  have  the 
most  prominent  traits  of  one  of  the  most  lovely  and  fascinating 
women  I  have  ever  seen." — Pencillings  by  the  Way. 

We  conclude  with  two  opinions  of  rather  a  conflicting 
character : 

"  Many  things  have  contributed  to  raise  her  to  her  present  po 
sition  of  polite  letters,  beyond  the  general  merits  of  her  works. 
The  charm  of  title,  her  indisputable  taste  in  the  fine  arts,  and, 
above  all,  her  beauty,  have  been  all  along  so  many  assisting  ex 
cellencies  to  support  her  literary  reputation.  .  .  .  When  a  lady 
condescends  to  write,  whose  equipage  arrests  the  attention  of  the 
thousands  that  throng  daily  the  fashionable  localities  of  London, 
she  is  all  the  time,  as  her  carriage  rolls  on  from  street  to  street, 
creating  a  new  class  of  readers.  Struck  with  the  appearance  of  her 
equipage,  they  are  anxious  to  ascertain  how  its  owner  looks,  thinks, 
acts,  and  writes;  the  circulating  libraries  gain  new  subscribers, 
and  Lady  Blessington  extends  in  this  way  the  reputation  of  her 
genius." — Hunt's  London  Journal. 

Audi  alteram  partem : 

AA£-an  ^iUt1  *ndrbrilllant  delineator  of  the  traits  and  foibles 
of  fashionable  life,  Lady  Blessington  is  unequalled.  She  draws 
with  a  steady  yet  delicate  hand  the  denizens  of  le  beau  mnnd'e 
justly  discriminating  the  various  shades  of  character  she  has  to 
deal  with ;  and  presents,  at  last,  a  lively  picture,  replete  with  strik 
ing  contrast,  yet  exquisitely  natural,  of  which  we  admire  the  exe 
cution,  whilst  we  acknowledge  the  truth." — Court  Journal. 

For  further  information  respecting  her  ladyship,  we 
must  refer  the  reader  to  the  following  work,  in  3  vols.  dcmi 
8vo,  with  portraits  by  R.  J.  Lane,  Esq.,  A.R.A. :  The 
Literary  Life  and  Correspondence  of  the  Countess  of 


Blessington ;  compiled  and  edited  by  Dr.  R.  R.  Madden, 
author  of  The  Life  of  Savonarola,  Travels  in  the  East,  &c. 

Blewert,  William.  On  Annuities,  Lon.,  1783-92; 
4th  ed. ;  Tables  corrected  by  J.  B.  Brize,  Lon.,  1847. 

Blewitt,  J.  The  Organ  Service  of  the  United  Church 
of  England  and  Ireland. 

"  Mr.  Blewitt  is  entitled  to  the  thanks  of  all  young  organists, 
for  the  very  clear  and  conspicuous  manner  in  which  he  has  led 
them  through  the  whole  of  the  service ;  there  is  also  displayed 
considerable  taste  in  his  delicate  touches  in  the  form  of  voluntary, 
upon  the  swell,  in  his  interludes,"  &c. — Harmonicon. 

Blewitt,  Octavius,  Secretary  of  Literary  Fund,  Lon 
don,  author  of  a  vol.  of  Poems,  Panorama  of  Torquay,  12mo, 
and  Hand-Book  for  Southern  Italy,  (Murray's,)  1853. 

Blewitt,  R.  J.  The  Court  of  Chancery  ;  a  Satirical 
Poem. 

"  The  object  of  this  book  is  to  embody,  in  immortal  verse,  the 
reflections  of  the  author  on  every  thing  connected  with  Chancery. 
'  The  volume  contains  some  very  clever  hits  at  several  members 
of  the  English  bench  and  bar,  with  a  pretty  large  share  of  abuse 
and  venom.  The  author,  whoever  he  may  be,  is  shooting  masked, 
Blewitt  being  an  assumed  name.'  " 

Blick,  F.     Sermon,  Buckingham,  1791,  8vo. 

Blicke,  Sir  Charles,  Knt.,  Surgeon  to  St.  Bartho 
lomew's  Hospital,  London.  An  Essay  on  the  Yellow 
Fever  of  Jamaica,  collected  from  the  MSS.  of  a  late  Sur 
geon,  Lon.,  1772,  8vo. 

Bligh,  Arthur.     Poetical  works,  1806. 

Bligh,  Michael.     Church  of  God,  1765,  8vo. 

Bligh,  Richard.  Reports  and  Legal  treatises,  Lon., 
1821,  <fcc.  Mr.  Bligh's  Reports  of  Cases  heard  in  the  House 
of  Lords  are  in  continuation  of  those  by  Mr.  Dow,  10  vols. 

Bligh,  William.  A  Narrative  of  the  Mutiny  on 
Board  H.  M.  Ship  Bounty,  Lon.,  1790,  4to.  This  was 
trans,  into  French :  it  was  incorporated  by  Bligh  in  A 
Voyage  to  the  South  Sea,  Lon.,  1792,  4to.  In  1794  he 
pub.  Answers  to  Mr.  E.  Christian's  Assertions  relative  to 
the  Trial  of  the  Mutineers  of  the  Bounty.  This  interest 
ing  story — the  Mutiny  on  the  Bounty — is  well  known. 

Blind  Harry.     See  HENRY  THE  MINSTREL. 

Blinman,  Richard,  first  minister  of  New  London, 
Connecticut,  a  native  of  Great  Britain,  arrived  in  America 
in  1642.  He  pub.  A  Rejoynder  to  Mr.  Henry  Danvers  his 
brief  friendly  reply  to  my  answer  about  Infant  Baptism, 
Lon.,  1675,  24mo. 

Blinshall,  James,  D.D.  Evidence  of  the  future 
Publication  of  the  Gospel  to  all  Nations,  with  an  Account 
of  the  Soc.  Scot.  Prop.  Chr.  Knowledge,  Edin.,  1780,  8vo. 

Bliss,  Anthony.     A  Sermon,  1725,  8vo. 

Bliss,  George.  The  obligatory  Nature  of  the  Sacra 
ments,  or  Strictures  on  Mr.  Gurney's  Remarks,  Lou.,  1826, 
12mo.  Notes  on  the  New  Testament,  <fec. 

Bliss,  John.  Mineral  Waters  of  Hampstead,  <fec., 
1802. 

Bliss,  Nathaniel.  Bradley's  Astronomical  Observa 
tions,  with  a  Continuation,  Oxf.,  1789-1805,  2  vols.  fol. 
Astronom.  Papers  in  Phil.  Trans.,  1761,  4to. 

Bliss,  Philip,  D.D.,  D.C.L.,  &c.,  1788-1857,  b.  in 
Gloucester  co.,  Eng.,  Fellow  of  St.  John's  College,  Oxford, 
edited  Earle's  Micro-Cosmography,  with  Notes,  Lon.,  1809, 
8vo ;  Aubrey's  Lives  of  Eminent  Men,  trans,  from  the 
original  MSS.  in  the  Ashmolean  Museum, — forming  a 
portion  of  the  work  known  as  the  Letters  from  the  Bod 
leian,  1813, 3  vols.  8vo ;  Bibliographical  Miscellanies,  1813, 
thin  4to :  104  copies  printed.  He  repub.  two  old  plays  ; 
ed.  Henshaw's  Meditations,  1841, 12mo ;  Historical  Papers, 
printed  from  the  collection  in  his  own  library,  1846 ;  ed. 
for  the  Ecclesiastical  Historical  Society  The  Life  of  An 
thony  a  Wood,  which  was  intended  to  form  the  first  vol. 
of  a  new  edition  of  Athen.  Oxon.,  1848;  Catalogue  of  Ox 
ford  Graduates  from  1649  to  1850,  1851,  8vo;  Reliquise 
Hearnianae  :  extracted  from  the  Diaries  of  Thomas  Hearne, 
1857,  2  vols.  8vo.  This  work  was  commenced,  and  be 
tween  500  and  600  pages  were  printed,  more  than  forty 
years  before  it  was  published.  The  entire  edition  of  150 
copies  on  small  and  50  copies  on  large  paper  were  sold  in 
six  weeks  after  publication.  Dr.  B.  deserves  enduring 
honours  for  his  invaluable  edition  of  Wood's  Athense 
Oxoniensis,  Lon.,  1813-20,  4  vols.  4to,  which  we  shall 
notice  in  our  article  WOOD,  ANTHONY,  q.  v.  Dr.  Dibdin 
handsomely  acknowledges  his  obligations  to  him,  and 
these  pages  attest  ours : 

"  My  friend  the  Rev.  Dr.  Bliss,  of  the  Bodleian  Library,  has  ena 
bled  me  to  enrich  these  pages  not  only  by  the  examination  of 
many  treasures  in  that  wonderful  repository,  but  by  the  loan  of 
his  work  (not  yet  published)  of  the  Reliquiae  Hearnianse.  The 
i  pages  of  his  Athenae  Oxoniensis  have  been  also  at  times  singularly 
useful.  .  .  .  If  the  Athenae  Oxoniensis  be 'thrice  welcome,' in  ;my 
shape,  it  is  nine  times  welcome  in  the  recent  impression  just  al 
luded  to  r  for  more  care,  attention,  accuracy,  and  valuable  enlarge- 


BLI 


BLO 


ment,  from  an  inexhaustible  stock  of  materials,  (some  of  them  con 
temporaneous,)  has  rarely  been  witnessed  than  in  the  editorial  la 
bours  of  Dr.  Bliss  upon  the  text  of  his  beloved  Anthony  Wood."— 
Library  Companion. 

"  The  recent  edition  of  Wood's  Athenae  Oxoniensis  has  furnished 
me  with  too  many  valuable  notices  not  to  merit  my  best  acknow 
ledgment,  and  not  to  justify  me  in  predicting  for  the  editor  of  it 
that  station  in  the  temple  of  future  OXFORD  WORTHIES  to  which  his 
labours  so  fairly  entitle  him."  —  Typographical  Antiquities. 

Bliss,  Thomas.     Joseph  a  Type  of  Christ,  1769,  8vo. 

Blith,  Blythe,  or  Blyth,  Walter.  English  Im 
prover,  or  a  new  Survey  of  Husbandry,  Ac.,  Lon.,  1649, 
4to  ;  improved  1652,  4to  ;  against  Hartlib. 

"  The  writings  of  Blyth  contain  a  great  deal  of  sound  sense, 
and  not  badly  expressed,  on  almost  every  branch  of  husbandry. 
His  principles  are  very  correct,  and  he  seems  to  have  entertained 
the  first  systematic  conceptions  of  the  benefits  that  would  attend 
the  alternate  husbandry."  —  Donaldson's  Agricult.  Bing. 

"  A  well-known  and  very  ingenious  work."  —  Lon.  Quar.  Review. 

Blithe,  Nath.      Expl.  C.  Catechism,  Lon.,  1674,  8vo. 

Blizard,  Thomas,  1722-1838,  was  educated  profes 
sionally  under  his  cousin,  Sir  William  Blizard.  Med. 
Con.  fco  Phil.  Trans.,  1805  ;  Med.  Chir.  Trans.,  1809. 

Blizard,  Sir  William,  Knt.,  cousin  of  the  above, 
1743-1835,  an  eminent  English  surgeon,  in  conjunction 
with  Dr.  Robert  Maclaurin,  established  in  1785  the  first 
regular  school  of  medical  science  in  connexion  with  the 
English  Hospital.  He  was  twice  President  of  the  Royal 
College  of  Surgeons,  and  in  1810  was  knighted  by  George 
III.  Lectures  on  the  large  Blood  Vessels  of  the  Extremi 
ties,  Lon.,  1786,  8vo  ;  3d  edit.,  1798.  Suggestions  for  the 
Improvement  of  Hospitals,  and  other  Charitable  Institu 
tions,  Lon.,  1796,  8vo;  trans,  into  German.  A  New 
Method  of  treating  the  Fistula  Lachrymalis,  Lon.,  1780, 
4to.  Of  the  Expediency  and  Utility  of  Teaching  the 
several  Branches  of  Physic  and  Surgery  by  Lectures  at 
the  London  Hospital,  Lon.,  1783,  4to.  On  the  Danger  of 
Copper  and  Bell  Metal  in  Pharmaceutical  and  Chemical 
Preparations,  Lon.,  1786,  8vo. 

Blodget,  JLoriu,  Sec.  to  the  Philadelphia  Board  of 
Trade.  Climatology  of  the  United  States,  and  of  the  Tem 
perate  Latitudes  of  the  North  American  Continent,  em 
bracing  a  full  comparison  of  these  with  the  Climatology 
of  the  Temperate  Latitudes  of  Europe  and  Asia;  with 
Isothermal  and  Rain  Charts,  including  a  Summary  of  Me 
teorological  Observations  in  the  United  States,  condensed 
from  recent  scientific  and  official  publications,  Phila.,  1857, 
8vo.  This  work  has  been  highly  eulogized  by  Baron  Hum- 
boldt  and  by  other  eminent  scientific  authorities. 

Blombery,  W.  N.  Life,  <fcc.  of  E.  Dickinson,  M.D., 
Lon.,  1709,  8vo. 

Blome,  Richard.  A  Geograph.  Descrip.  of  the  4 
parts  of  the  World,  Lon.,  1670,  fol.  Descrip.  of  Jamaica, 
Lon.,  1672,  12mo.  Britannia,  Lon.,  1673,  fol. 

"  A  most  entire  piece  of  theft  out  of  Camden  and  Speed."—  BP. 

"Scribbled  and  transcribed  from  Cambden's  Britannia  and 
Speed  s  Maps."  —  WOOD. 

Art  of  Heraldry,  1685,  8vo.  English  Acquisitions  in 
Guinea,  Ac.,  1686,  12rao.  An  Entire  Body  of  Philosophy, 
&c.,  trans,  from  the  Latin,  1694,  fol.  This  curious  work 
contains  dissertations  on  Demonology;  of  Created  Spirits 
the  World  and  Heaven  j  the  want  of  sense  in  Brute 
Animals,  <fcc.  Gentleman's  Recreation,  Lon.,  1710,  fol. 

This  person  Bloome  is  esteemed  by  the  chiefest  heralds  a  most 
impudent  person;  .  .  .  he  gets  a  livelihood  by  bold  practices  :  .  .  . 
originally  a  ruler  of  books  and  paper,  who  hath  since  practised, 

*  «" 


Blomefield,  Rev.  Francis.  History  of  Thetford, 
Fcrsfield  1739,  4to.  Collectanea  Cantabrigiensia,  Nor 
wich,  1750,  4to  Essay  towards  a  Topographical  History 
of  the  County  of  Norfolk.  When  Mr.  B.  had  reached  p 
678,  vol.  in.,  he  died;  the  Rev.  Charles  Parkin  continued 
the  work,  but  also  died  before  it  was  brought  to  a  clo^e  • 
it  was  completed  by  Mr.  Whittingham,  Fersfield  <fec 
1739-73,  5  vols.  fol.,  Lon.,  1805-10;  r.  8vo,  11  vols'  pub' 
at  £9  IS*.  ;  1.  p.  in  4to,  £23  4«. 

Blomer,  Ralph,  D.D.     Sermons,  1710,  '12,  '16,  '30. 

Blomfield,  Barrington.     Sermon,  1728,  8vo. 

Blomfield,  Rt.  Rev.  Charles  James,  Bishop  of 
London,  1786-1857,  was  educated  at  Trinity  College,  Cam 
bridge  :  he  was  third  wrangler  and  senior  medallist  in 
1808,  and  subsequently  a  Fellow  of  his  College.  He  was 
successively  Archdeacon  of  Colchester,  in  Kent,  and  Rector 
of  St.  Bartolph's,  Bishopgate,  London  ;  was  consecrated 
tishop  of  Chester  in  1824,  and  translated  to  London  in 
828.  His  Lordship's  reputation  as  a  classical  scholar 
founded  upon  his  editions  of  ^Eschylus  and  Callimachus 
his  contributions  to  the  Museum  Criticum,  Ac.,  is  too  well 
established  to  render  it  necessary  to  dwell  upon  the  sub- 


ject  here.  It  is  to  be  regretted  that  the  Museum  Criticum, 
which  contains  so  many  noble  monuments  of  British  Clas 
sical  learning — the  results  of  the  erudite  investigations  of 
Maltby,  Monk,  Elmsley,  Burney,  Hare,  the  Blomfields, 
&c. — should  have  become  so  scarce  that  but  few  can 
profit  by  its  precious  pages.  Bishop  Blomfield  favoured 
the  world  with  several  other  publications.  A  Dissertation 
upon  the  Traditional  knowledge  of  a  Promised  Redeemer, 
which  subsisted  before  the  Advent  of  our  Saviour,  Cam 
bridge,  1819,  8vo.  Five  Lectures  on  the  Gospel  of  St. 
John,  as  bearing  Testimony  to  the  Divinity  of  Jesus 
Christ,  Lon.,  1823,  12mo. 

"A  familiar  elucidation  of  that  particular  branch  of  the  demon 
stration  which  consists  in  the  testimony  of  the  beloved  disciple." 
Twelve   Lectures  on  the  Acts  of   the  Apostles,  Lon., 
1829,  8vo. 

"  Very  valuable  lectures." — T.  H.  HORNE. 

"  Strength  of  mind,  perspicuity  of  diction,  depth  of  reflection,  and 
piety  of  sentiment,  are  discernible  throughout."—  Chris.  Rememb. 
To  the  above  work  is  annexed  a  new  edition  of  the  Lec 
tures  on  St.  John,  and  in  the  appendix  will  be  found  Dr. 
Tucker's  Brief  and  Dispassionate  View  of  the  Difficulties 
attending  the  Trinitarian,  Arian,  and  Socinian  Systems. 
A  Letter  on  the  Present  Neglect  of  the  Lord's  Day,  Aq% 
dressed  to  the  Inhabitants  of  London  and  Westminster, 
Lon.,  1830,  8vo.  Manual  of  Family  Prayers,  18mo.  Private 
Devotion,  18mo.  Sermon  at  St.  Botolph's,  Bishopgate,  8vo. 
See-  Bishop  Blomfield  and  his  Times,  a  Historical  Sketch 
by  Rev.  George  Edward  Biber,  LL.D. 

"  The  author  bad  unusual  advantages  for  noting  many  of  the 
leading  events  as  they  occurred,  and  has  made  full  use  of  his  note 
book."—  Lon.  Gent.  Mag.,  Sept.  1857. 

Blomfield,  E.  V.,  1788-1816,  brother  of  the  above, 

'  Fellow  and  Tutor  of  Einanuel   College,   Cambridge.     A 

trans,  of  Augustus  MatthiaB's  Greek  Grammar,  Cambridge 

University  Press,  2  vols.  8vo;  5th  edit,  revised  by  Kenrick. 

"  This  edition  of  Matthias's  Greek  Grammar  exhibits  the  most 

complete  system  of  grammatical  rules  and  examples  that  has  yet 

been  given  to  the  world." 

7th  edit,  abridged,  revised  by  Edwards,  1  vol.  12mo. 
"The  editor  has  endeavoured  to  substitute  shorter  and  more 
simple  definitions  and  explanations  than  those  which  are  contained 
in  the  original  work." — BISHOP  OF  LONDON  :  C.  J.  Blomfield's  Preface. 
E.  V.  B.  contemplated  a  trans,  of  Schneider's  and  Pas- 
sow's  lexicons,  and  he  contributed  some  papers  to  the 
Museum  Criticum. 

Blomfield,  George  Becher.  Sermons  adapted  to 
Country  Congregations,  Lon.,  1841,  12mo. 

Blondel,  James  A.,  M.D.,  d.  about  1734,  wrote  a 
professional  work  (1729,  8vo)  in  answer  to  the  statements 
of  Dr.  Daniel  Tower. 

Bloom,  J.  H.  Notices  of  the  Castle  and  Priory  at 
Castleacre,  Lon.,  r.  8vo.  Pulpit  Oratory  in  the  Times  of 
James  L,  Lon.,  1831,  8vo. 

"  These  sermons  are  quite  curiosities,  and  well  worth  a  perusal 
for  the  originality,  quaintness,  and  learning  which  they  embody, 
in  addition  to  sound  church  principles." — Church  Magazine. 

Bloomfield,  Ezekiel.  Lectures  on  the  Philosophy 
of  History,  with  Notes  and  Engravings,  Lon.,  1820,  4to. 

Bloomfield,  Nathaniel,  brother  of  Robert  Bloom- 
field.  An  Essay  on  War,  in  blank  verse.  Honington 
Gfreen,  a  Ballad.  The  Culprit,  an  Elegy;  and  other 
Poems,  1803,  12mo. 

Nathaniel  had  the  honour  of  a  lash  from  Lord  Byron : 

"  If  Phoebus  smiled  on  you, 
BLOOMFIELD  !  why  not  on  brother  Nathan  too  ? 
Him  too  the  Mania,  not  the  Muse,  has  seized ; 
Not  inspiration,  but  a  mind  diseased  : 
And  now  no  boor  can  seek  his  last  abode, 
No  common  be  inclosed,  without  an  ode." 

"  See  Nathaniel  Bloomfield's  ode,  elegy,  or  whatsoever  he  or  any 
I  one  else  chooses  to  call  it,  on  the  inclosure  of  Honington  Green." 
i  — English  Bards  and  Scotch  Reviewers. 

Bloomfield,  Robert,  1766-1823,  a  native  of  Hon- 
!  ington,  in  Suffolk,  was  the  youngest  son  of  a  tailor,  who 
!  died  before  Robert  was  a  year  old,  leaving  a  widow  with 
six  children.     Robert  was  placed  in  charge  of  his  brother 
|  George  in  London,  to  learn  the  mystery  of  shoe-making. 
A  knowledge  of  reading  and  writing  was  about  all  he  ac 
quired  during  the  few  months  he  was  sent  to  school.     By 
:  the  kindness  of  his  brother  George  and  an  acquaintance 
1  named  Fawcett,  he  was  furnished  with  a  number  of  books, 
,  —a  History  of  England,  British  Traveller,  a  Geography, 
!  Paradise  Lost,  the  Seasons,   <fec.     This  last  work  so  en- 
j  chanted  him  that  for  some  time  he  spent  all  his  leisure 
hours  in  its  perusal.     Whilst  working  with  six  or  seven 
j  other  men  in  a  garret,  he  composed  mentally,  arranged 
j  and  rearranged,  his  poem  of  the  Farmer's  Boy,  without 
I  committing  a  line  to  paper.     When  able  to  procure  paper 
i  he  had,  as  be  remarks,  "  nothing  to  do  but  to  write  it  down." 
j  The  poem  was  offered  to  several  publishers  without  suc- 

207 


BLO 

cess  ;  but  Bloomfield  found  a  warm  friend  in  Capel  Lofft, 
who  took  measures  to  have  it  printed.  Its  success  was  so 
great  that  26,000  copies  were  sold  in  three  years.  In  the 
next  year  an  edition  was  puh.  at  Leipsic  ;  a  trans,  into  the 
French,  Le  Valet  du  Fermier,  appeared  in  Paris ;  a  trans, 
into  Italian  was  pub.  in  Milan,  and  the  Rev.  W.  Clubbe 
produced  Agricolse  Puer,  in  Latin  verse.  The  other  publi 
cations  of  Bloomfield  were,  Rural  Tales,  Ballads,  and 
Songs,  Lon.,  1802,  8vo ;  Good  Tidings,  or  News  from  the 
Farm,  1804,  4to;  Wild  Flowers,  1806,  18mo;  Banks  of  the 
Wye,  1811;  Works,  2  vols.,  1814,  18moj  May  Day  with 
the  Muses,  1822,  12mo.  His  Remains  in  Poetry  and 
Verse,  2  vols.  8vo,  appeared  in  1824.  Our  author,  in  con 
sequence  of  imprudent  liberality  to  poor  relations,  and  of 
an  unfortunate  adventure  in  the  book  business,  lived  in 
poverty,  and  died  some  £200  in  debt,  leaving  a  widow  and 
four  children. 

Few  compositions  in  the  English  language  have  been  so 
generally  admired  as  The  Farmer's  Boy.  Those  who  agreed 
in  but  little  else  in  literary  matters  were  unanimous  in  the 
commendation  of  the  poetical  powers  displayed  by  the  pea 
sant  and  journeyman  mechanic.     When  Lord  Byron,  in 
revenge  for  a  deserved  flagellation  at  the  hands  of  Jeffrey, 
undertook,  with  that  mixture  of  arrogance  and  petty  malice 
which  were  his  distinguishing  characteristics,  to  turn  the 
literary  corps  into  the  subjects  of  a  general  whipping- 
school,  he  does  not  forget  the  author  of  the  Farmer's  Boy : 
"  Hear  then,  ye  happy  sons  of  needless  trade! 
Swains  quit  the  plough,  resign  the  useless  spade: 
Lo!  BURNS  and  BLOOMFIELD,  nay,  a  greater  far, 
Gifford,  was  born  beneath  an  adverse  star, 
Forsook  the  labours  of  a  servile  state, 
Stemm'd  the  rude  storm,  and  triumph'd  over  Fate." — 
English  Bards  and  Scotch  Reviewers.    See  BLOOMFIELD,  NATHANIEL. 
Among   the   eulogists   of  Bloomfield   have  been  Parr, 
Southey,  Aiken,  Watson,  Montgomery,  Dr.  Drake,  and  Sir 
Egerton  Brydges.     We  quote  some  opinions : 

"  Such  indeed  are  the  merits  of  this  work,  [The  Farmer's  Boy,] 
that,  in  true  pastoral  imagery  and  simplicity,  I  do  not  think  any 
production  can  be  put  in  competition  with  it  since  the  days  of 
Theocritus.  To  that  charming  rusticity  which  particularizes  the 
Grecian,  are  added  the  individuality,  fidelity,  and  boldness  of 
description  which  render  Thomson  so  interesting  to  the  lovers  of 
Nature."— DR.  NATHAN  DRAKE:  Literary  Hours. 

"Flowing  numbers,  feeling  piety,  imagery  and  animation,  a 
taste  for  the  picturesque,  force  of  thought,  and  a  true  sense  of  the 
natural  and  pathetic," 

Mr.  Lofft  considers  to  be  the  common  characteristics  of 
Thomson's  Seasons  and  Bloomfield's  Farmer's  Boy.  He 
does  not  perceive  any  other  resemblance,  as  some  profess 
to  do. 

"  Mr.  Bloomfield,  on  the  publication  of  The  Farmer's  Boy,  was 
looked  on  as  a  poetical  prodigy,  and  not  without  reason.  For  he 
shewed  in  that  poem  a  very  fine  feeling  for  the  beauties  and  the 
occupations  of  the  country.  ...  It  is  most  agreeable  to  read  his 
unlaboured  descriptions  of  ploughing,  and  sowing,  and  reaping, 
and  sheaf-binding,  and  compunctious  shooting  of  rooks.  .  .  .  The 
Farmer's  Boy  is  by  far  the  best  written,  as  to  style  and  composi 
tion,  of  any  work  of  our  uneducated  poets.  The  melody  of  the 
versification  is  often  exceedingly  beautiful.  .  .  .  The  Rural  Tales 
were  many  of  them  very  good.  .  .  .  The  description  of  the  Blind 
Boy  [in  the  News  from  the  Farm]  is  worthy  of  being  inserted 
among  the  Flowers  of  English  Poetry :  graceful,  elegant,  and  most 
deeply  affecting,  even  to  tears."— Blackwood's  Mag.,  1822. 

"  The  Poem  certainly  discovers  very  clearly  the  powers  of  natural 
unaffected  genius."— Lon.  Monthly  Review. 

"  We  are  here  called  away  from  our  abstruser  studies  by  these 
productions  of  a  genuine  child  of  nature.  In  Bloomfield's  first 
poem,  The  Farmer's  Boy,  we  saw  and  commended  the  evidence  of 
an  original  genius,  well  deserving  of  encouragement  and  cultiva 
tion.  With  The  Farmer's  Boy  we  were  highly  pleased,  because  ii 
showed,  in  the  most  striking  manner,  the  natural  movements  of 
an  ingenuous  mind ;  but  we  hesitate  not  to  declare  ourselves  still 
more  satisfied  with  the  present  volume."  [Rural  Tales,  Ballads, 
and  Songs.] — British  Critic. 

The  Anti-Jacobin  and  Critical  Review  also  highly  com 
mend  the  Rural  Tales,  Ac. : 

"  We  now  hail,  with  increased  satisfaction,  the  more  matured 
flights  of  his  well-fostered  imagination." — Anti-Jacobin. 

'•  We  hope  and  believe  that  the  success  of  this  volume  will  equa 
that  of  The  Farmer's  Boy :  as  we  are  sure  that  its  merits  are  no 
inferior." — Critical  Review. 

As  we  commenced  the  quotation  of  opinions  by  a  poeti 
cal  sneer  of  Lord  Byron's,  we  shall  conclude  with  some 
stanzas  which  are  much  more  creditable  to  their  author : 
"  It  is  not  quaint  and  local  terms 
Besprinkled  o'er  thy  rustic  lay, 
Though  well  such  dialect  confirms 
Its  power  unletter'd  minds  to  sway; 
But  'tis  not  these  that  most  display 
Thy  sweetest  charms,  thy  gentlest  thrall;— 
Words,  phrases,  fashions  pass  away, 
But  Truth  and  Nature  live  through  all." 
Tribute  to  the  Memory  of  Robert  Bloomfield,  by  Bernard  Barton. 
Bloomfield,  S.  T.,  of  Sidney  College,  Cambridge 
D.D.,  Vicar  of  Bisbrook.     This  distinguished  scholar  ha 


BLO 

avoured  the  public  with  several  very  valuable  works, 
lecensio  synoptica  annotationis  sacrae ;  being  a  critical 
ligest  and  synoptical  arrangement  of  the  most  important 
annotations  on  the  New  Testament,  exegetical,  philo- 
ogical,  and  doctrinal,  from  the  best  commentators,  8  vols. 
8vo,  Lon.,  1826. 

"  The  leading  feature  of  this  work  is  the  incorporation  of  the 
whole  of  the  exegetical  and  philological  Annotations  of  Wetstein, 
with  a  great  quantity  of  biblical  erudition,  extracted  from  other 
valuable  sources.  It  would  be  impossible  to  convey  to  our  readers 
n  adequate  idea  of  the  mass  of  information  which  the  learned 
uthor  has  brought  to  bear  upon  the  numerous  passages  which  he 
has  undertaken  to  illustrate ;  and  we  can  safely  say,  that  in  the 
x>rtion  of  the  New  Testament  which  this  part  of  the  work  em 
braces — the  Four  Gospels — the  inquirer  will  find  very  few,  of 
which  Mr.  Bloomfield  has  not  given  a  complete  and  satisfactory 
exposition."—  Quarterly  Theological  Rev.,  Sept.  1826. 

"There  is  scarcely  a  single  passage  which  is  not  elucidated. 
Altogether  this  is  one  of  the  most  important  works  in  sacred  lite 
rature  which  has  ever  been  offered  to  the  attention  of  the  Bible 
student." — HORNK. 

Epitome  Evangelica,  18mo.  The  following  work  is  indeed 
hvaluable.  Greek-and-Euglish  Lexicon  of  the  New 
Testament,  by  E.  Robinson,  D.D.,  Professor  of  Biblical 
Literature  in  the  Theological  Seminary,  New  York  ;  edited, 
with  careful  revision,  corrections,  and  occasional  additions, 
and  a  Preface  by  S.  T.  B.,  1  vol.  8vo. 

"We  consider  it  the  best  lexicon  of  the  Greek  Testament  that 
is  extant.  Dr.  Bloomfield  has  proved  himself  an  indefatigabJa 
scholar,  and  his  edition  deserves  unbounded  success.'' — Church 
of  Eng.  Quarterly  Review. 

"  It  must  prove  of  great  value  and  advantage  to  every  Clerical 
student  who  is  wise  enough  to  procure  it." — Brit.  Critic  and  Quar 
terly  Theological  Review. 

Greek  and  Eng.  Lexicon  to  the  N.  Test. ;  2d  edit,  greatly 
enlarged  and  considerably  improved. 

"  In  preparing  this  new  edition  for  the  press,  besides  availing 
himself  of  every  critical  aid  to  which  he  could  obtain  access.  Dr. 
Bloomfield  has  completely  re-cast— we  might  perhaps  say,  almost 
re-written— the  work.  At  least  one-sixth  of  new  matter  has  been 
added.  The  etymological  department  of  the  work  has  been  much 
improved.  In  the  more  important  words  of  the  New  Testament, 
instead  of  bare  references,  which  he  had  before  given,  the  words 
themselves  are  now  added,  insomuch  that  the  work  in  its  present 
state  may,  in  most  cases,  serve  as  a  concordance  to  the  Greek  Tes 
tament.  Great  additional  pains  have  been  bestowed  in  collecting 
from  the  Septuagint,  and  from  the  learned  Jewish-Greek  writers, 
Philo  and  Josephus,  whatever  is  most  adapted  to  illustrate  thep«- 
culiar  idioms  of  the  New  Testament.  We  regard  this  as  a  capital 
improvement.  The  typographical  arrangement  of  the  pages  is  also 
greatly  improved.  Altogether,  this  is  confessedly  the  most  useful, 
as  it  is  the  cheapest,  Lexicon  to  the  Greek  Testament  extant  in  our 
language." — Church  of  England  Quarterly  Review. 

Lexilogus  Scholasticus,  18mo.  Trans,  of  Thucydides,  3 
vols.  8vo,  1829. 

"  By  far  the  best  translation  of  Thucydides.  The  Notes  are  a 
treasury  of  Erudition."— Classical  Journal. 

"  In  the  Notes  by  this  Translator,  numerous  interesting  points 
of  Classical  Antiquities  are  ably  discussed,  and  many  thousands  of 
invaluable  illustrations  of  the  obscure  passages  of  the  Author  are 
adduced  from  the  best  Greek  writers  of  every  age.  As  to  the  Ver 
sion,  considering  the  all  but  insuperable  difficulties  with  which  the 
Translator  has  had  to  contend,  in  a  writer  said  by  some  great  scho 
lars  to  be  untranslatable,  we  can  with  truth  say  that  he  has  executed 
his  task  with  fidelity,  taste,  and  judgment.  Upon  the  whole,  we 
can  pronounce  the  work  to  be  quite  indispensable  to  all  who  would 
hope  to  understand  the  text  of  the  greatest  of  historians,  but  most 
obscure  of  writers." — Lon.  Gentleman's  Magazine. 

"  A  version  as  literal  and  as  perspicuous  as  erudition  and  indus 
try  combined  can  render  it." — Eclectic  Review. 

The  Greek  Testament,  with  English  Notes,  Critical,  Phi 
lological,  and  Explanatory,  <fec.,  2  vols.  8vo,  Lon.,  1832; 
2d  ed.,  1836  j  3d,  1839  j  4th,  1841.  The  2d  ed.  was  enlarged 
from  the  1st,  and  the  3d  upon  the  2d ;  the  4th  is  almost 
exactly  the  same  as  the  3d;  9th  ed.,  1855,  2  vols.  8vo. 

"  Upon  the  whole,  without  depreciating  the  merit  of  the  labours 
of  preceding  editors,  this  third  edition  of  the  Greek  Testament,  by 
Dr.  Bloomfield,  may  justly  be  regarded  as  the  most  valuable  for 
biblical  students  that  has  yet  been  issued  from  the  press  in  this 
country."— Home's  Introduc.;  which  see  for  copious  notices  of  Dr. 
B.'s  labours. 

"Invaluable  to  all  those  whose  profession  requires,  or  whose  lei 
sure  admits  of.  a  critical  study  of  the  sacred  writings.  Dr.  B.  ha! 
deserved  well  both  of  the  Church  and  of  the  Christian  world,  am 
has  fairly  earned  the  highest  remuneration  which  the  dispenseri 
of  ecclesiastical  patronage  have  to  bestow."— Eclectic  Review. 

College  and  School  Greek  Testament,  with  Englisl 
Notes,  12mo. 

"This  edition  of  the  Greek  Testament  supplies  a  desideratum  m 
scholastic  literature.     The  notes  (which  are  strictly  <rrannnatir:i 
scholastic,  and  elementary)  furnish  to  the  juvenile  student  every 
requisite  aid  for  the  correct  Interpretation  of  the  New  Testament. 
The  volume  is  as  cheap  as  it  is  beautifully  and  accurately  print 
— Christian  Remembrancer.  ir^ta. 

"It  certainly,  as  a  manual,  has  great  advantage  over  the  lesu 
ments  of  Hardy  and  Talpy."— Church  of  Eng.  Quarterly  Be** 

"  Dr.  Bloomfield's  New  Testament  for  the  use  of  Schools.  lecture- 
rooms.  Colleges,  Ac.,  is  an  invaluable  work ;  the  notes  and  critic 
apparatus  being  in  general  constructed  with  great  labour  * 
present  edition. 


BLO 

"  It  is  impossible  to  say  how  fer  the  public  are  indebted  to  Dr.  ! 
Bloomfield  for  these  labours  of  his  industrious  pen ;  they  will  carry  ; 
down  his  name  with  the  highest  honour  to  posterity."— Evangeli 
cal  Mag.,  Nov.  1. 

Bloomfield,  William.   Bloomfield's  Blossoms,  or  the  ! 
Camp  of  Philosophy.      Vide  Ashmole,  Theat.  Chem.,  p.  305.  j 

Blore,  Edward.  Monumental  Remains  of  noble  and 
eniinen  t  Persons,  6  parts,  r.  4to,  pub.  at  £6 ;  India  proofs, 
£9,  Lon.,  1826. 

Contents. — Queen  Eleanor;  Baron  Fitzalan;  Earl  of  Pembroke;  j 
Sir  J.  Douglas ;  Gervase  Alard,  Admiral  of  the  Cinque  Ports;  Queen  , 
Philippa;  Earl  of  Warwick ;  Edward  Prince  of  Wales;  King  Ed 
ward  III.;  T.  Hatfield,  Bishop  of  Durham;  William  of  Wykham;  | 
John  Gower  (the.  Poet);  King  Henry  IV.  and  his  Queen;  Earl  of 
Arundel ;  Earl  of  Westmoreland ;  Earl  of  Douglas ;  Duke  of  Somer 
set;  Duke  of  Gloucester;  Sir  John  Spencer ;  Archbishops  Warham 
and  Peckham;  Countess  of  Salisbury;  and  Sir  Anthony  Browne. 
"  This  interesting  production  is  among  the  number  now  publish 
ing,  which  do  credit  to  the  taste  and  judgment  of  the  country  by 
their  object,  and  to  the  Arts  by  their  style  and  execution." — Lon. 
Literary  Gazette. 

"  A  beautiful,  and,  indeed,  captivating  performance.  The  en 
gravings,  in  the  line  manner,  are  from  the  faithful  pencil,  and  in 
part  from  the  burin,  of  Mr.  Blore ;  and  more  brilliant,  or  rather 
characteristic,  performances  have  never  yet  been  witnessed.  The 
proof  impressions,  on  India  paper,  have  a  fascinating  effect ;  but 
the  critical  antiquary  will  be  equally  well  pleased  with  the  ordi 
nary  copies." — Dibdiris  Library  Companion. 

Blore,  Thomas.  History  and  Antiquities  of  the 
County  of  Rutland,  vol.  i.  part  2;  all  pub., containing  the 
East  Hundred  and  Casterton  Parva,  fol.,  Stamford,  1811.  j 

"  This  work  merits  great  praise,  and  deservedly  ranks  very  high 
among  such  publications." — LOWNDES. 

Statement  of  Corresp.  with  Sir  R.  Philips,  1807,  8vo. 
History  of  the  Manor  and  Manor  House  of  South  Winfield, 
in  Derbyshire,  Lon.,  1793, 4to.  No.  iii.  of  the  Miscell.  An 
tiquities  in  continuation  of  the  Bibl.  Topogr.  Brit.,  Lon., 
1793,  4to.  Account  of  the  Public  Schools,  Hospitals,  and 
other  Charitable  Foundations,  in  the  Borough  of  Stamford, 
1813,  8vo. 

Blount,  Charles,  1654-1693,  son  of  Sir  Henry  Blount, 
and  descended  from  Sir  Thomas  Pope,  founder  of  Trinity 
College,  Oxford,  was  born  at  his  grandfather's  residence  at 
Upper  Holloway,  Middlesex.  Anima  Mundi,  Lon.,  1679, 
8vo.  The  tendency  of  this  piece  is  deistical.  The  Two 
Books  of  Philostratus,  of  the  Life  of  Apollonius  Tyanaeus, 
from  the  Greek,  Lon.,  1680,  fol.  Trans,  into  French,  Ber 
lin,  1775,  4  vols.  8vo. 

"This  piece  was  published  with  the  design  to  invalidate  the  tes 
timony  of  the  Evangelists  concerning  the  Miracles,  &c.  A  few 
copies  only  were  dispersed  before  the  work  was  suppressed." — DR. 
A.  CLARKE. 

"  His  life  is  related  in  so  fabulous  a  manner  by  his  disciples  that 
we  are  at  a  loss  to  discover  whether  he  was  a  sage,  an  impostor,  or 
a  fanatic." — GIBBON. 

Great  is  Diana  of  the  Ephesians,  Lon.,  1680,  8vo.  Also 
of  a  deistical  tendency.  Janus  Scientiarum,  Lon.,  1684, 
8vo.  William  and  Mary  Conquerors,  1693, 4to.  A  curious 
pamphlet,  well  meant,  but  not  relished  by  Parliament,  who 
orlered  it  to  be  burnt.  Mr.  Blount  was  married  at  18;  on 
the  death  of  his  wife  he  offered  marriage  to  her  sister,  which 
was  declined  from  conscientious  scruples.  Having  no  reli 
gious  principle  to  enable  him  to  bear  disappointment,  this 
foolish  man  shot  himself  through  the  head  in  1693.  After 
his  death  Mr.  Gildon,  also  a  disciple  of  infidelity,  pub. 
many  of  Blount's  letters  in  a  work  called  The  Oracles  of 
Reason.  (Oracles  of  Folly  would  have  been  the  proper 
title.)  These  precious  relics  of  credulity — for  nothing  is 
so  credulous  as  infidelity — were  afterwards  pub.,  together 
with  some  of  the  author's  pieces,  in  1690,  8vo,  under  the 
title  of  The  Miscellaneous  Works  of  Charles  Blount,  Esq. 
Gildon  justified  his  friend  in  blowing  out  his  brains,  and 
promised  that  he  would  blow  his  own  out  at  some  future 
convenient  time ;  but  whether  a  "  return  of  non  eat  inventus" 
rendered  this  impossible,  or  some  other  good  reason  pre 
vented,  we  are  not  told.  Certain  it  is  that  he  condescended 
to  live  till  his  time  ran  out.  Dr.  Nichols  took  Blount  to 
task  in  his  Conference  with  a  Theist;  see  also  Leland's 
Deistical  Writers;  Mosheim's  History;  and  Bishop  Van 
Mildert's  Boyle's  Lectures. 

Blount,  Edward.  Historic  of  the  Vniting  of  the 
Kingdom  of  Portugall  to  the  Crowne  of  Castill,  Ac.,  trans, 
from  Jerome  Conestagio,  Lon.,  1600,  4to.  The  Hospitall 
of  incurable  Fooles,  trans,  from  the  Italian  of  Th.  Garzoni, 
Lon.,  1600,  4to.  5th  and  7th  edits,  of  Earle's  Micro-Cos 
mography,  Lon.,  1629,  1638  ;  both  16mo.  Ars  Aulica,  the 
Courtier's  Art,  Lon.,  1607, 12mo.  Horse  Subsecivse.  Ob 
servations  and  Discourses,  Lon.,  1626,  8vo.  Christian 
Policy. 

Blount,  Sir  Henry,  1602-1682,  father  of  Charles  and 
Sir  Thomas  Pope  Blount,  was  of  the  ancient  family  of  the 
Blounts  of  So  lington,  in  Worcestershire.  In  1616  he  was 


BLO 

entered  a  gentleman  commoner  in  Trinity  College,  Oxford, 
founded  by  his  ancestor,  Sir  Thomas  Pope.  After  travel 
ling  for  nearly  two  years,  he  pub.  in  1636,  Lon.,  4to,  A 
Voyage  into  the  Levant,  being  a  brief  relation  of  a  Journey 
lately  performed  from  England  by  the  Way  of  Venice,  into 
Dalmatia,  Sclavonia,  Bosnia,  Hungary,  Macedonia,  Thes- 
saly,  Thrace,  Rhodes,  and  Egypt,  and  to  Grand  Cairo; 
with  particular  observations  concerning  the  modern  condi 
tion  of  the  Turks,  and  other  people  under  that  Empire. 
This  work  was  so  popular  that  several  editions  were  speedily 
disposed  of,  and  it  was  trans,  into  French  and  Dutch ;  2d 
edit.,  Lon.,  1637,  4to;  3d  edit.,  1638,  4to;  again  pub.  in 
1650  and  1669,  12mo;  8th  edit,  also  12mo.  See  Osborne'a 
Voyages,  vol.  i.  p.  511, 1745;  also  Pinkerton's  Voyages  and 
Travels,  1808-13. 

"  Blount's  Travels  to  the  Levant  is  a  very  short  account  of  a 
journey  through  Dalmatia,  &c.;  the  whole  very  concise,  and  with 
out  any  curious  observations,  or  any  notable  descriptions.  Ilia 
account  of  the  religions  and  customs  of  those  people  is  only  a  brief 
collection  of  some  other  travellers;  the  language  mean,  and  not  all 
of  it  to  be  relied  on,  if  we  credit  others  who  have  writ  better."— 
Introduc.  to  Churchill's  Collec.  of  Voyages  and  Travels. 

"  The  Voyage  into  the  Levant  is  the  voyage  of  a  Skeptic ;  it  has 
more  of  the  philosopher  than  the  traveller,  and  would,  probably, 
never  have  been  written  but  for  the  purpose  of  insinuating  his 
religious  sentiments.  Yet  his  reflections  are  so  striking  and  origi 
nal,  and  so  artfully  interwoven  with  the  thread  of  his  adventures, 
that  they  enliven  instead  of  embarrassing  the  narrative.  He  has 
the  plausible  art  of  colouring  his  paradox  with  the  resemblance  of 
truth.  So  little  penetration  had  the  orthodox  court  of  Charles  the 
First,  that  merely  on  the  merit  of  thip  book,  he  was  appointed  one 
of  the  band  of  geii  tleman  pensioners." —  Warton's  Life  of  Kir  Tfumas 
Popf. 

Sir  Henry  wrote  an  Epistle  in  Praise  of  Tobacco  and 
Coffee,  prefixed  to  a  little  treatise  entitled  Organon  Salutis, 
written  by  W.  Rumsey,  Esq.,  1657,  59,  64,  12mo.  A  Satire 
entitled  The  Exchange  Walk,  pub.  in  1647,  was  written  by 
Blount, 

"  As  I  have  been  informed  by  some  of  his  relations,  tho'  his  sons 
know  nothing  of  it."— WOOD. 

However  this  may  be,  Wood  certainly  errs  (according  to 
Dr.  Bliss)  in  stating  that  Sir  Henry  pub.  John  Lillie's  Six 
Comedies,  Lon.,  1632,  8vo. 

"  They  were  published  by  Edward  Blount,  the  bookseller,  one  ol 
the  proprietors  of  the  first  edition  of  the  plays  of  Shakspeare." 

Though  Dr.  Bliss  made  this  correction  in  1813,  the  error 
has  been  handed  down  in  our  latest  works.  But  such  im 
perfection  must  be,  and  doubtless  we  have  our  full  share. 
In  the  Oracles  of  Reason,  (see  BLOUNT,  CHARLES,)  will  be 
found  a  Latin  fragment  by  Sir  Henry,  which  shows  that 
the  skeptical  opinions  of  Charles  Blount  were  certainly  not 
likely  to  be  rectified  by  the  unsound  sentiments  of  his 
father.  Of  solid  judgment  there  would  seem  to  have  been 
a  sad  deficiency  in  both. 

Blount,  J.,  Surgeon.     Con.  to  Memoirs  Med.,  1792. 

Blount,  John,  in  Latin,  Blondus,  a  divine  of  the 
13th  century,  was  educated  at  the  Universities  of  Oxford 
and  Paris.  He  has  the  credit  of  being  the  first  that  lec 
tured  on  Aristotle,  both  in  Paris  and  Oxford. —  Wood's 
Annals.  He  was  Prebendary  and  Chancellor  in  the  Church 
of  York,  and  in  1232  was  elected  Archbishop  of  Canter 
bury,  by  the  chapter.  The  pope,  however,  declared  the 
election  void;  the  secret  objection  Bale  considers  to  have 
been  that  Blount 

"Was  more  learned  than  that  court  wished  an  archbishop  to  be." 

As  an  author  Blount  was  very  famous.  It  is  doubtful  if 
any  of  his  works  are  extant.  Bale  mentions  Summarium 
Sacrae  Facultatus,  lib.  i.,  Disceptationes  aliquot,  lib.  i., 
and  several  Commentaries  on  the  Scriptures. — Lcland ; 
Bale;  Pits;  Wood's  Annals,  by  Outch,  &c. 

"  Ho  was  celebrated  by  his  contemporaries  for  the  elegance  of  his 
style,  and  for  tho  extensiveness  of  his  learning.  John  Ross  speakg 
of  him  as  a  prodigy  of  erudition." 

Blount,  Thomas,  1618-1679,  a  native  of  Bardesley 
in  Worcestershire,  entered  himself  of  the  Middle  Temple, 
and  was  admitted  to  tho  Bar. 

"  Of  a  noble  and  antient  family  of  his  name,  but  never  advan- 
laged  in  learning  by  the  help  of  an  university,  [he  was  a  R.  Catho 
lic,]  only  his  own  and  industry,  together  with  the  helps  of  his  scho- 
lastical  acquaintance." — WOOD. 

His  publications  were  numerous.  The  Art  of  making 
Devises,  trans,  from  Henry  Estienne,  Lon.,  1646,  4to;  again 
enlarged,  1650,  4to.  Academie  of  Eloquence,  1654,  12mo. 
Glossographia,  Lon.,  1656,  '70,  '71,  '79,  '91,  8vo;  en 
larged  by  W.  Nelson,  1717,  fol.  This  is  a  dictionary  of 
obscure  legal  terms.  He  presented  Anthony  Wood  with 
"  it: 


leceiv'd  from  Tho.  Blount,  of  the  Inner  Temple,  Esq.,  a  book 
of  his  writing,  Ac.  ...  This  book  he  gave  A.  W.  because  he  had, 
in  his  great  reading,  collected  some  old  words  for  his  use,  which 
were  remitted  therein.  Afterwards  sending  to  him  more,  they  were 
remitted  into  tbb  second  edition  of  that  book."— At/ten.  O-xan ;  Life. 
This  2d  edit  was  pub.  1670.  The  Lamps  of  the  Law, 


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and  the  Lights  of  the  Gospel,  Lon.,  1658,  8vo.  A  Pedi 
gree  of  the  Blounts,  printed  in  Peachman's  Complete  Gen 
tleman,  1661.  Boscobel,  or  the  Compleat  History  of  his 
Sacred  Majesties  most  Miraculous  Preservation  after  the 
Battle  of  Worcester,  3d  Sep.,  1651,  in  two  parts;  1st  part, 
Lon.,  1660,  12mo.  Collection  of  the  Statutes  concerning 
Bankrupts,  with  the  Resolutions  of  the  Judges  upon  the 
same,  Lon.,  1670,  8vo.  In  1673  he  puh.  a  criticism  upon 
Phillips's  New  World  of  Words,  and  in  1672  Animadver 
sions  upon  Baker's  Chronicle.  A  Cat.  of  the  Catholics 
who  lost  their  lives  in  the  King's  Cause,  during  the  Civil 
War.  Fragmenta  Antiquitatis,  Ac.,  Lon.,  1679,  1784,  8vo; 
new  ed.  by  Beckwith,  1815,  4to.  A  work  of  great  popu 
larity.  Boscobel,  the  Second  Part,  with  the  addition  of 
the  Claustrum  Regale  reseratum,  or  the  King's  conceal 
ment  at  Trent,  in  Somersetshire,  pub.  by  Mrs.  Anne  Wind- 
ham  of  Trent,  Lon.,  1681.  This  work  was  formerly  much 
sought  after  by  the  curious.  See  a  valuable  notice  of  Bos 
cobel  in  the  Retrospective  Review,  vol.  xiv.  47-68. 

"  The  two  tracts  entitled  Boscobel,  with  all  the  plates,  are  among 
the  most  scarce  and  high-priced  historical  pamphlets  of  the  17th 
century." — Retros.  Review. 

Blount  also  pub.  A  Catholic  Almanac,  1661,  '62,  '63,  and 
an  Animadversion  on  Booker's  Almanac. 

"  He  was  a  man  of  general  knowledge,  and  an  industrious  and 
useful  writer." 

Blount,  Sir  Thomas  Pope,  1649-1697,  eldest  son 
of  Sir  Henry,  and  brother  of  Charles  Blount,  sat  in  Par 
liament  as  member  for  St.  Alban's  and  Hertfordshire  ;  he 
was  also  for  the  last  thirty  years  of  his  life  commissioner 
of  accounts,  to  which  post  he  was  elected  by  the  House 
of  Commons.  He  pub.  in  1690,  Lon.,  folio, 

"  CENSURA  CELEBRIORUM  AUTHORUM  sive  tractatus  in  quo  varia 
yirorum  doctorum  de  clarissimis,  cuj  usque,  seculi  scriptoribus 
j  udicia  traduntur.  Unde  facillimo  negotio  lector  dignoscere  queat, 
quid  in  singulis  quibusque  istorum  authorum  maxime  rnemora- 
bile  sit,  &  quonam  in  pretio  apud  erudites  semper  habiti  fuerint. 
Omnia  in  studiosorum  gratiam  collegit  &  in  ordinem  digessit  se- 
cundum  seriem  temporis  quo  ipsi  authores  floruerunt :  i.  e.  A 
CRITIQUE  ON  THE  MOST  CELEBRATED  WRITERS,  or  a  treatise  in  which 
the  various  opinions  of  the  most  learned  men,  as  to  the  merit  of 
the  most  famous  authors  in  every  age,  are  delivered,  whereby  the 
reader  may,  with  great  ease,  discern  what  is  most  memorable  with 
respect  to  each  of  these  authors,  and  in  what  esteem  they  have 
always  been  among  the  learned.  The  whole  for  the  use  of  the 
studious,  collected  and  digested  according  to  the  order  of  time 
in  which  the  authors  flourished."— Biog.  Brit. ;  in  which  see  the 
author's  admirable  epistle  explaining  his  design. 

It  will  be  observed  that  the  plan  of  this  work  is  the  one 
in  view  in  the  present  volume,  (limited  to  British  and 
American  authors,)  though  one  entertained  by  us  long  be 
fore  we  were  acquainted  with  the  peculiarities  of  Sir 
Thomas's  excellent  compilation.  It  is  written  in  Latin, 
and  in  the  foreign  editions,  Geneva,  1694,  4to,  and  1710, 
4to,  the  quotations  from  modern  languages  are  trans,  into 
Latin,  so  as  to  give  the  whole  a  uniform  appearance. 

"  When  I  first  began  the  work,  it  was  scarcely  in  my  thoughts 
to  communicate  it  to  the  learned  world :  for  my  own  use  I  drew  it 
together;  and  now  at  the  request  of  persons  of  distinguished 
learning,  give  it  to  the  Public.  The  rather  because  having  ob 
served  with  what  eagerness  the  Acta  Eruditorum,  and  other  books 
of  the  same  nature,  are  caught  up,  not  only  by  men  of  slender 
learning,  but  even  such  as  are  in  the  first  forms  of  learning,  I 
could  not  but  hope,  that  even  this  collection  of  mine,  such  as  it 
is,  would  not  displease  them." — EpistU  to  the  reader,  in  Biog.  Brit. 
Sir  Thomas's  list  of  authors  is  brief  indeed,  as  it  in 
cludes  less  than  600  names,  although  he  begins  with 
"  Hermes  Trismegistus,  who  is  thought  to  have  been  co 
eval  with  Moses,  and  from  him  I  descend  to  our  own  time." 
We  intend  that  our  list  shall  enrol  the  names  of  some 
30,000  authors,  but  cannot,  of  course,  be  expected  to  be 
very  diffuse  in  treating  of  each  one.  Niceron  compares 
the  Censura  to  Baillet's  Jugemens  des  Savans,  but  there 
is  the  important  difference  that  Baillet  reports  the  opinions 
of  others  in  his  own  words  with  his  additions,  whilst  Blount 
transcribes  them  literally,  which,  remarks  a  critic,  "  adds 
considerably  to  their  value."  This  value,  at  least,  the  pre 
sent  volume  will  possess,  whilst  we  shall  take  the  liberty 
which  Monsieur  Baillet  indulges  in,  of  occasionally  stat 
ing  our  own  views. 

" Blount  omits  no  class  nor  any  age;  his  arrangement  is  nearly 
chronological,  and  leads  the  reader  from  the  earliest  records  of 
literature  to  his  own  time.  The  polite  writers  of  modern  Europe, 
and  the  men  of  science,  do  not  receive  their  full  share  of  atten 
tion;  but  this  volume,  though  not,  I  think,  much  in  request  at 

present,  is  a  very  convenient  accession  to  any  scholar's  library  " 

HaUam's  Lit.  of  Europe. 

"  That  most  useful  book,  published  by  Sir  Thomas  Pope  Blount 
entitled  Censura,  Ac."— DR.  HARWOOD. 

"  Sir  Thomas  Pope  Blount's  Censura,  Ac.  is  unquestionably  a 
learned  work— the  production  of  a  rural  and  retired  life." 

" '  Umbraticam  enim  vitam  et  ab  omni  strepitu  remotam  sem 
per  in  delitiis  habui,'  says  the  author  in  the  preface.    It  treats 
chiefly  of  the  most  learned  men,  and  sparingly  of  the  English."— 
IHbdin's  Bibliomania. 
210 


"  The  object  of  the  Censvira,  &c.  was  to  bring  together  the  opi 
nions  of  the  learned  on  the  most  distinguished  writers  of  all 
countries  from  the  earliest  periods;  and  the  very  accomplished 
and  erudite  compiler  has  accordingly  produced  a  volume  of  great 
esearch,  authority,  and  use." — SIR  EGERTON  BRYDGES:  Censura 
jiteraria,  vol.  i. 

It  is  hard  to  say  whether  the  author's  pains  or  his  modesty  be 
more  conspicuous.  This  we  may  be  the  rather  allowed  to  say, 
laving  often  consulted  Sir  Thomas's  book  in  order  to  enrich  our 
)wn.» — Biog.  Brit. 

Sir  Thomas  pub.  in  1693, 12mo,  A  Natural  History,  con- 
;aining  many  not  common  observations,  extracted  out  of 
he  best  modern  authors. 

"  He  presents  the  public  with  the  fruits  of  his  reading,  as  to 
Natural  History,  without  depriving  those  from  whom  he  drew  his 
knowledge,  of  any  part  of  their  reputation;  a  conduct  which  few 
lave  imitated,  and  which  we  can  scarcely  enough  commend." — 
Biog.  Brit. 

Essays  on  Poetry,  Learning,  Education,  Customs  of 
the  Ancients,  Passion,  and  several  other  subjects,  Lon., 
1697,  4to. 

"  His  Essays  in  point  of  learning,  judgment,  and  freedom  of 
ihought.  are  certainly  no  way  inferior  to  those  of  the  femous  Mon 
taigne."—  Ibid. 

De  Re  Poetica,  or  Remarks  upon  Poetry ;  with  Characters 
and  Censures  of  the  most  considerable  Poets,  whether  an 
cient  or  modern.  Extracted  out  of  the  best  and  choicest 
critick?,  Lon.,  1694,  4to. 

It  is  a  pity  that  he  had  not  left  out  the  whole  of  what  relates 
X)  the  Greek  and  Latin,  and  confined  himself  entirely  to  the  British 
Poets." — Dibdin's  Bibliomania. 

The  works  of  this  excellent  author  are  now  rarely  to  be 
found,  and  a  republication,  by  one  of  the  enterprising  pub- 
ishers  of  the  day,  the  Bohns,  Knights,  Hurrays,  Long 
mans,  et  id  genus  omne,  (we  do  not  use  the  phrase  in  the 
Horatian  sense,)  would  be  of  great  advantage  to  the  Re 
public  of  Letters. 

Blount,  Walter  Kircham.  The  Spirit  of  Chris 
tianity,  Lon.,  1686,  8vo. 

Blow,  John,  1648-1708,  an  eminent  musician,  a  na 
tive  of  Nottinghamshire.  Boyce  and  Aldrich  printed 
some  of  his  church  music,  but  many  pieces  are  still  in  MS. 
When  will  they  be  collected  and  published  ?  Why  does 
not  Mr.  Hullah  give  them  to  the  world?  Blow's  secular 
compositions  were  pub.  in  1700,  folio,  under  the  title  of 
Amphion  Anglicus,  in  imitation  of  Purcel's  collection,  the 
Orpheus  Britannicus ;  but  are  thought  much  inferior.  Some 
of  his  choral  productions  are  in  a  very  bold  and  grand 
style,  yet  he  is  unequal  and  frequently  unhappy  in  his 
attempts  at  new  harmony  and  composition.  Dr.  Burney 
criticises  his  works,  and  Sir  John  Hawkins  gives  us  some 
information  concerning  his  peculiarities. 

Blower,  Aminadab.     An  assumed  name  attached 
to  a  work  against  the  English  Liturgy. 
Blower,  Elizabeth.     Novels,  <fcc.,  1780,  '82,  '85. 
Blower,  John.     Funeral  Sermons,  1714,  8vo. 
Blower,  Samuel.     Sermon,  1697,  8vo. 
Blowers,  Thomas,  1677-1729,  of  Beverly,  Massa 
chusetts.     Funeral  Sermon  on  Rev.  J.  Green,  1715. 

Bloxam,  C.  L.,  and  F.  A.  Abel.  Hand-Book  of 
Chemistry,  Theoretical,  Practical,  and  Technical ;  with  a 
preface  by  Dr.  Hoffman,  8vo. 

"The  present  volume  is  a  synopsis  of  the  author's  experience  in 
laboratory  teaching:  it  gives  the  necessary  instruction  in  che 
mical  manipulation,  a  concise  account  of  general  chemistry  as  fer 
as  it  is  involved  in  the  operations  of  the  laboratory;  and  lastly, 
qualitative  and  quantitative  analysis."— Du.  HOFFMAN. 

"  The  importance  of  the  work  is  increased  by  the  introduction 
of  much  of  the  technical  chemistry  of  the  manufactory." — Lon. 
Athenaeum. 

Bloys,  Wm.    Medita.  on  42d  Psalm,  Lon.,  1632,  8vo. 
Bluett,  J.  C»     Duelling,   and   the  Laws   of  Honour 
Examined  and  Condemned  upon  Principles  of  Common 
Sense  and  Revealed  Truth,  2d  edit.,  Lon.,   1836,  12rao. 
See  Sabine's   History  of  Duelling.     Duellists  should  be 
ranked  among  the  worst  criminals,  and  punished  accord 
ingly.     He  who  dares  to  boldly  defy  the  laws  of  God  and 
man,  deserves  the  respect  of  none,  and  the  contempt  of  all. 
Bluett,  Thomas.  Life  of  Job ;  the  Song  of  Solomon ; 
the  H.  Priest  of  Boonda,  Lon.,  1734,  8vo. 

B lun tie  11,  Sir  George.  Remarks  upon  a  Treatise 
of  Humane  Reason,  and  on  Mr.  Warren's  late  Defence  of 
it,  Lon.,  1683,  8vo. 

Blundell,  H.  Account  of  his  Collection  of  Statue?, 
Busts,  &c.,  at  luce,  (near  Liverpool,)  4to,  privately  printed, 
Liverp.,  1803,  4to. 

"  Of  this  volume  a  very  limited  number  was  printed  1>y  V'<- 
Blundell,  who  afterwards  used  every  means  to  suppress  the  pub 
lication."— Jtf£  Note.  See  II.  G.  Bohn's  Cat.  for  1841 . 

Blundell,  James,  M.D.     Principles  and  Practice  o 
Obstetric  Medicine ;  new  edit.,  with  additions  and  notes  by 
Dr.  Rogers  and  Alex.  T  oe,  Lon.,  1846,  8vo,  pp.  1172. 
"  This  new  and  greatly-eimrged  edition  of  Dr.  Blunders  excel- 


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lent  work  should  be  called  a  Cyclopedia  of  Practical  Midwifery,  the 
additions  are  so  extensive  and  judicious."— Med.  Gaz. 

Dr.  B.  has  also  pub.  Medicina  Mechanica,  and  several 
other  profess,  works. 

Blundell,  T.  Sermons  on  Various  Subjects,  1806. 
Blundeville,  Thomas,  an  English  mathematician, 
pub.  several  works,  Lon.,  1561-1606,  Ac.  Three  Treatises, 
Lon.,  1561,  4to.  Treatise  declaring  howe  many  Councel, 
Ac.,  a  Prince  ought  to  have,  Lon.,  1570,  8vo.  Methode 
of  Wryting  and  reading  of  Hystories,  Ac.  1574,  16mo. 
The  Four  chiefest  Offices  belonging  to  Horsemanship,  Ac., 
1580,  4to.  Briefe  Description  of  Vniversal  Mappes  and 
Cards,  Ac.,  1589,  4to.  Exercises  containing  sixe  Trea 
tises,  1594,  4to.  This  book  was  popular,  and  many  edi 
tions  were  pub.  Art  of  Logike,  1599,  4to.  Art  of  Ryding 
and  Breaking  Great  Horses,  8vo.  Theoriques  of  the  Pla 
nets,  1602,  4to. 

Blunt,  Charles.  Mechanical  Drawing,  2  vols.  r. 
4to,  1810. 

Blunt,  Charles  F.  Lecture  on  Astronomy.  Beauty 
of  the  Heavens ;  a  Pictorial  Display  of  the  Astronomical 
Phenomena  of  the  Universe;  with  a  Series  of  Familiar 
Lectures  on  Astronomy,  expressly  adapted  for  Family  In 
struction  and  Entertainment,  4to,  with  104  coloured  plates. 
"  A  more  acceptable  present  could  not  be  devised  for  tbe  young." 
— Lon.  Art  Union. 

Blunt,  Edmund,  son  of  Edmund  M.,  b.  Nov.  13, 
1799,  Newburyport,  Mass.,  an  hydrographer  of  great  skill 
and  utility.  From  1816  to  the  present  date  (1858)  he  has  been 
engaged  in  making  charts  and  prosecuting  surveys  in  Gua 
temala,  West  Indies,  and  the  sea-coasts  of  the  U.  States. 

Blunt,  Edmund  M.,  b.  June  20,  1770,  Portsmouth, 
N.H.,  resident  of  N.Y.,  and  father  of  Joseph,  Edmund,  George 
W.,  and  Nathaniel  B.  Blunt.  Amer.  Coast  Pilot,  and  many 
other  nautical  works  of  great  merit.  The  Coast  Pilot  was 
first  pub.  in  1796,  at  Newburyport,  Mass. ;  18th  ed.,  large 
8vo,  N.Y.,  1858.  This  work  sustains  a  high  reputation  for 
accuracy,  and  is  in  general  use  by  the  American  merchant- 
marine.  It  has  been  translated  into  most  of  the  languages 
of  Europe. 

Blunt,  George  W.,  son  of  Edmund  M.,  b.  March 
11,  1802,  in  Newburyport,  Mass.,  one  of  the  editors  of  the 
Coast  Pilot  since  1826 ;  also  editor  of  other  nautical  works. 
Blunt,  Henry,  d.  1843,  Rector  of  Streathan,  Surrey, 
and  Chaplain  to  the  Duke  of  Richmond.  For  some  years 
Mr.  B.  was  incumbent  of  Trinity  Church  in  Sloane  street, 
called  Upper  Chelsea.  In  1835  the  Duke  of  Bedford  pre 
sented  him  to  the  Rectory  of  Streathan.  Mr.  Blunt's 
publications  are  highly  popular.  Two  Sermons  on  the  Sa 
crament,  1825.  Sermon  on  the  Funeral  of  Gen.  Sir  Henry 
Calvert,  1826.  8  Lectures  upon  the  History  of  Jacob,  1828. 
9  Lectures  upon  the  History  of  St.  Peter,  1829.  National 
Mercies  a  Motive  for  National  Reformation,  1830.  12  Lec 
tures  upon  the  History  of  Abraham,  1831.  A  Sermon 
upon  the  Lord's  Day,  1832.  12  Lectures  upon  the  History 
of  St.  Paul,  Part  1,  1832.  History  of  St.  Paul,  Part  2, 
1833.  Two  Discourses  upon  the  Trial  of  the  Spirits,  1833. 
Lectures  upon  the  History  of  Christ,  1834.  An  Ordination 
Sermon,  1834.  Discourses  upon  some  of  the  Doctrinal 
Articles  of  the  Church  of  England,  2d  edit.,  1835,  12mo. 
Practical  Exposition  of  the  Epistles  to  the  Seven  Churches 
of  Asia :  3d  edit.,  1838,  12mo.  A  Family  Exposition  of 
the  Pentateuch,  3  vols.,  1844, 12mo.  Lectures  on  the  His 
tory  of  Elisha,  5th  edit,  1846,  12mo.  Sermons  preached 
at  Trinity  Church,  5th  edit,  1843,  12mo.  Posthumous 
Sermons  and  Pastoral  Letters,  2d  edit,  3  vols.,  1844,  '45, 
'47,  12mo.  Some  of  Mr.  B.'s  works  have  gone  through 
40  editions  in  England,  and  have  been  extensively  circu 
lated  in  the  United  States. 

"  The  most  popular  religious  books  of  the  age  in  style  and  matter." 
It  has  been  suggested  that  Mr.  Blunt's  Commentary  on  the 
Old  Testament  should  be  read  as  a  companion  to  that  of  Bishop 
Sumner  on  the  New." 

"  Devoid  of  all  pretension  in  his  style  of  composition,  and  of  all 
studied  elaboration  in  his  train  of  thought,  our  author  is  one  of 
the  clearest  and  most  effective  writers  of  his  day.  Simplicity  and 
perspicuity  are  the  main  charms  of  his  publications,  and  of  his 
pulpit  discourses;  and  combined  as  those  qualities  are  with 
sprightliness  of  thought,  with  occasional  sallies  of  imagination, 
and  with  a  rich  vein  of  appropriate  illustration,  they  constitute 
him  at  once  an  instructive  preacher  and  an  acceptable  writer.  .  . 
would  that  all  ministers,  in  and  out  of  the  Church  of  England, 
were  such  in  zeal,  talent,  and  devotedness." — Lon.  Evaiig.  Mag. 
'  His  death  was  in  harmony  with  his  life.  His  intellect  clear; 
aith  unclouded;  his  spirit  humble,  affectionate,  thankful, 
rheerful,  happy ;  his  interest  in  the  church  and  in  the  cause  of 
his  Saviour  undecaying."— London  Record. 

Blunt,  J.  Obstetric  Family  Instructor,  Lon.,1793,12mo. 
Blunt,  John.   Practical  Farriery,  Lon.,  1773,  12mo 
Blunt,  John  James,  1794-1855,  Margaret  Prof,  of  Di 
vinity  at  Cambridge.  Theol.  and  other  publications;  thebest- 


BOA 

known  of  which  is  Undesigned  Coincidences  in  the  Writings 
both  of  the  Old  and  New  Testament  an  argument  of  their 
veracity.  This  includes  a  republication  of :  1.  The  Veracity 
of  the  Books  of  Moses ;  2.  The  Veracity  of  the  Historical 
Scriptures  of  the  Old  Testament,  (Hulsean  Lectures ;)  3. 
The  Veracity  of  the  Gospels  and  Acts.  The  whole,  revised 
and  enlarged,  appeared  as  a  2d  ed.  in  1847,  and  the  5th  ed. 
was  pub.  in  1856. 

"A  work  of  great  value,  and  one  which  must  attract  the  atten 
tion  of  every  student  of  the  Scriptures.  The  novelty  of  the  investi 
gation,  the  success  with  which  it  is  prosecuted,  and  the  confirmation 
it  elicits,  will  impress  the  mind  of  any  one  who  will  give  it  an  exa 
mination." — Lon.  Chris.  Obs. 

"  Mr.  Blunt  has  signalized  himself  as  a  very  successful  disciple 
of  Dr.  Paley  in  the  management  of  that  species  of  Christian  evi 
dence  which  arises  from  the  discovery  of  undesigned  coincidences 
of  revealed  truth." — LOWNDES. 

Principles  for  the  Proper  Understanding  of  the  Mosaic 
Writings,  1833,  8vo :  highly  commended.  History  of  the 
Christian  Church  in  the  First  Three  Centuries ;  2d  ed.,  8vo, 
1857.  On  the  Right  Use  of  the  Early  Fathers,  8vo,  1857. 
Duties  of  the  Parish  Priest;  2d  ed.,  1857.  Plain  Serms., 
p.  8vo,  1856.  Serms.  at  Cambridge,  1836,  8vo ;  1845,  '47, 
8vo;  1849,  8vo;  1851,  8vo.  Vestiges  of  Ancient  Manners 
in  Italy  and  Sicily,  8vo. 

Blunt,  Joseph,  b.  Feb.  1792,  at  Newburyport,  Mass., 
lawyer  of  N.  York,  son  of  Edmund  M.  Blunt.  Historical 
Sketch  of  the  Formation  of  the  American  Confederacy,  N. 
York,  1825,  8vo.  Speeches,  Reviews,  and  Reports,  1843, 
8vo.  Merchants'  and  Shipmaster's  Assistant,  N.York,  8vo. 
Amer.  Annual  Register,  1827-35,  N.York,  8  vols.  8vo.  Mr. 
B.  was  the  editor  of  this  work,  and  wrote  many  parts  of  it. 
Blunt,  Leonard,  author  of  a  poem.  The  curious  may 
consult  Steevens's  Sale  Catalogue,  No.  1047. 

Blunt,  Nathaniel  Bowditch,  1804-1854,  son  of 
Edmund  M.  Blunt,  was  a  distinguished  lawyer  of  N.York, 
author  of  numerous  addresses,  Ac.  Eulogy  on  the  Death 
of  Henry  Clay,  delivered  at  the  request  of  the  corporate 
authorities  of  the  City  of  N.  York.  A  masterly  production. 
Blunt,  Walter.  Dissenting  Baptisms  and  Church 
Burials.  Strictures  upon  the  decision  of  the  late  Sir 
John  Nicholl ;  with  an  attempt  at  an  investigation  of  the 
judgment  of  the  Church  of  England  upon  the  subject, 
Exeter,  1840,  Svo.  Ecclesiastical  Restoration  and  Reform  ; 
No.  1.  Considerations  and  practical  Suggestions  on  Church- 
rates,  Ac.,  Lon.,  1847,  Svo.  ~. 

Bluteau,  Dom  Raphael,  1638-1734,  a  Theatine, 
born  in  London  of  French  parents,  became  very  celebrated 
for  his  proficiency  in  sacred  and  profane  learning.  His 
works  are,  1.  A  Vocabulary  or  Dictionary,  Portuguese 
and  Latin;  Coimbra,  1712-28,  10  vols.  fol.,  including  a 
supplement  in  2  vols.  From  this  work  Moraes  de  Silva 
compiled  a  Portuguese  Dictionary,  Lisbon,  1789,  2  vols. 
4to.  2.  Oraculum  utriusque  Testament!  musaeum  Blutea- 
vinum.  3.  A  List  of  all  Dictionaries,  Castilian,  Italian, 
French,  and  Latin,  with  the  dates,  Ac.,  Lisbon,  1728,  and 
printed  in  the  supplement  to  his  Dictionary.  4.  Sermons 
and  Panegyrics  under  the  title  of  Primicias  Evangelicas, 
1685,  4to.  He  died  at  Lisbon  in  the  95th  year  of  his  age. 
"  On  the  28th  of  February  his  eloge  was  pronounced  in  the  aca 
demy,  and  two  learned  doctors  gravely  discussed  the  question — 
'  Whether  England  was  most  honoured  in  his  birth,  or  Portugal 
in  his  death.'  "—Biog.  Univ. 

Blydenburgh,  J.  W.  A  Treatise  on  the  law  of  Usu 
ry,  Ac.,  New  York,  1844,  Svo. 

"  This  is  a  valuable  work,  embodying  the  English  and  American 
decisions,  and  contains  appropriate  practical  forms  of  procedure." 
— Marvin's  Legal  Bill. 

Blyth,  Robert.     1.  A  Speech ;  2.  Sermon,  1795,  4to. 
Blyth,  S.     Funeral  Serm.  on  Mr.  Bourn,  1754,  Svo. 
Blythe,  Walker.     See  BLITH. 
Boaden,  James,  b.  1762,  a  native  of  Whitehaven, 
pub.  a  number  of  Plays,  Ac.     His  best-known  productions 
are,  A  Letter  to  George  Steevens,  Esq.,  containing  a  Criti 
cal  Examination  of  the  Papers  of  Shakspeare  pub.  by  Mr. 
S.  Ireland,  [see  IRELAND,  S.,  and  W.  H.,]  Lon.,  1796, 
Svo.     Inquiry  into  the  Authenticity  of  various  Pictures 
and  Prints,  which  from  the  Decease  of  the  Poet  to  our 
own  times  have  been  offered  to  the  Public  as  Portraits  of 
Shakspeare,  Lon.,  1824,  Svo.     Memoirs  of  the  Life  of  John 
Philip  Kemble,  Esq.,  2  vols.  Svo. 

"Mr.  Boaden  appears  to  have  been  the  companion  of  Kemble, 
and,  what  is  more,  he  was  worthy  of  his  friendship.  Of  that 
friendship  he  has  constructed  an  imperishable  record,  honourable 
alike  to  his  talents  as  a  scholar  and  to  his  feelings  as  a  man."— 
Lon.  Gfntkman's  Mag. 

The  Life  of  Mrs.  Jordan,  2  vols.  Svo. 
Boag,  William.     Fevers  and  Dysentery  of  Hot  Cli 
mates.     Med.  Facts,  1793. 

Boak,  John.  Letter  to  T.  Bere,  1801, 12mo.  Eluci 
dation  of  Characters,  1802,  Svo. 

211 


BOA 


BOD 


Boardman,  Henry  A.,  DtD.,  was  b.  1808,  at  Troy, 
in  New  York,  graduated  at  Yale  College  in  1829.  He 
has  been  since  1833  pastor  of  the  Tenth  Presbyterian 
Church  in  Philadelphia.  In  1853  the  General  Assembly 
elected  him  to  fill  the  Chair  of  Pastoral  Theology  and 
Church  Government,  Composition  and  Delivery  of  Ser 
mons,  in  the  Theological  Seminary  at  Princeton,  New 
Jersey,  but  he  declined  the  honour,  preferring  to  remain 
with  a  congregation  and  community  to  which  he  is  greatly 
endeared  by  his  many  excellent  qualities  as  a  Christian 
and  a  gentleman.  Dr.  Boardman's  publications  have  been 
numerous.  We  notice  some  of  the  principal :  The  Scrip 
ture  Doctrine  of  Original  Sin,  pp.  120,  1839.  Letters  to 
Bishop  Doane  on  the  Oxford  Tracts,  pp.  100,  1841.  The 
Prelatical  Doctrine  of  the  Apostolical  Succession  examined, 
pp.  350,  12mo,  1844.  The  Importance  of  Religion  to  the 
Legal  Profession,  1849.  The  Bible  in  the  Family,  pp.  300, 
12mo,  1851.  The  Bible  in  the  Counting-House :  a  Course 
of  Lectures  to  Merchants,  pp.  400,  12mo,  1853. 

"  Dr.  Boardman's  style  reflects  his  own  mental  vigour,  clearness, 
vivacity,  industry,  finish,  and  taste.  It  abounds  in  apt  illustra 
tions,  puts  abstract  principles  in  concrete  living  forms,  is  relieved 
by  salient  points  and  sparkling  jets ;  it  often  rings  with  the  notes 
of  a  genuine  eloquence,  and  is  enriched  with  copious  and  apposite 
facts,  apparently  noted  for  the  purpose  in  the  course  of  an  exten 
sive  reading." — Princeton  Review. 

"  The  style  of  these  lectures  is  altogether  admirable  and  per 
fectly  adapted  to  their  subject ;  it  is  free  and  familiar,  without 
condescending  to  commonplace  or  flippancy,  and  is  often  impres 
sive  and  eloquent  without  being  suggestive  of  the  pulpit."— Put 
nam's  Monthly  Mag. 

"  Eminently  judicious  and  practical,  and  forms  a  worthy  supple 
ment  to  the  great  work  of  Dr.  Chalmers  on  the  same  subject." 

A  Discourse  on  the  Low  Value  set  upon  Human  Life  in 
the  United  States,  1853. 

"  A  seasonable,  able,  and  discriminating  discourse."— -Presbyte 
rian  Magazine. 

Discourse  on  the  American  Union.  Eulogium  on  Daniel 
Webster.  A  Pastor's  Counsels,  pp.  100.  The  Great  Ques 
tion,  pp.  230, 12ino :  many  editions.  The  Christian  Ministry 
not  a  Priesthood. 

Boardman,  J.     Analysis  of  Penmanship,  1809,  4to. 

Boardman,  James.  Trans,  of  Linguet's  Analysis, 
and  Review  of  Voltaire's  Works,  Lon.,  1790,  8vo.  A  Vo 
cabulary  of  the  English,  Latin,  French,  Italian,  Spanish, 
German,  and  Portuguese  Languages,  1811,  12mo. 

"  This  work  is  intended  for  those  learners  of  languages  who, 
being  suddenly  called  abroad,  require  a  ready  precision  of  current 
words.  Mr  Boardman  rashly  combines  in  one  vocabulary  both 
northern  and  southern  words.  His  German  column  should  have 
been  omitted;  it  is  incorrectly  printed  and  ludicrously  careless. 
The  performance  displays  a  very  inconsiderable  knowledge  of  com 
parative  grammar." — Lon.  Monthly  Review,  1812. 

Boardman,  Thomas.  A  Dictionary  of  the  Veteri 
nary  Art,  Lon.,  1802-03,  4to. 

Boardman,  William.  System  of  Book-Keeping  on 
a  Plan  entirely  new,  Lon.,  1812,  4to. 

Boase,  Henry.  Letter  to  Lord  King  rel.  to  the 
Banks,  1804,  8vo.  Remarks  on  the  supposed  Deprecia 
tion  of  our  Currency,  Lon.,  1811,  8vo. 

Boase,  H.  S.,  Sec.  Roy.  Geol.  Soc.  of  Cornwall. 
Treatise  on  Primary  Geology,  1834,  8vo. 

"  An  admirable  work.  Dr.  Boase  has  anticipated  a  movement 
recently  communicated  to  geological  science  in  this  country,  which 
would  certainly  have  told  by  its  effect  in  a  very  short  time.  His 
book  involves  some  of  the  most  refined  discussions  of  which  Geology 
is  susceptible,  and  we  cannot  but  express  our  ardent  admiration 
for  the  talent  and  research  which  it  displays." — Lon.  Literary  Gaz. 

Boate,  Gerard,  was  a  native  of  Holland,  but  we 
naturalize  him  for  his  services  as  Physician  to  the  State  in 
Ireland,  and  his  excellent  work  entitled  Ireland's  Natural 
History,  pub.  by  Samuel  Hartlib,  Lon.,  1652,  12mo.  It 
was  trans,  into  French,  Paris,  1666,  12mo,  and  afterwards 
incorporated  into  a  Natural  History  of  Ireland,  by  several 
hands,  1726,  4to ;  reprinted  1755,  with  a  new  Preface  and 
Index  of  Chapters,  4to. 

"  We  have  here  a  work  excellent  in  its  kind,  as  not  only  full  of 
truth  and  certainty,  but  written  with  much  judgment,  order,  and 
exactness."— BISHOP  NICOLSON  :  Irish  Historical  Library. 

"  Although  some  of  his  accounts  are  imperfect,  and  his  topo 
graphical  errors  numerous,  it  is  wonderful  that  a  stranger  should 
have  accomplished  so  much,  and  at  least  run  away  with  the  ho 
nour  of  laying  the  foundation  of  the  natural  history  of  Ireland." 

Bobart,  Jacob.  Pub.  vol.  ii.  of  Morison's  Oxford 
History  of  Plants,  1699,  fol.  Effects  of  Great  Frost  on 
Trees  and  other  Plants,  Phil.  Trans.,  1684. 

Bobbin,  Tim.  Miscell.  Works,  Manches.,  1775, 
12mo.  The  Passions,  1811,  4to.  See  COLLIER,  JOHN. 

Bockett,  J.     Pride  Exposed,  Lon.,  1710,  12mo. 

Boddington,  Mrs.  Sketches  in  the  Pyrenees. 
Slight  Reminiscences  of  the  Rhine.  The  Gossips  Week. 
Poems. 

"  A  volume  of  very  pleasing  poems.  ...  We  have  not  room  for 
more  than  one  specimen,  but  its  elegant  simplicity  and  unexag- 
213 


gerated  feeling  will  remind  our  readers  of  Rogers's Italy; and  we 
cannot  give  higher  praise." — Lon.  Times. 

"  Our  authoress  is  a  genuine  painter,  having  feeling,  force,  beauty, 
imagination,  and  colouring." — LEIGH  HUNT. 

Bode,  Rev.  J.  E.,  M.A.  Ballads  from  Herodotus;  2d 
ed.,  Lun.,  16mo,  1858.  Short  Occasional  Poems,  16mo,  1858. 

Boden,  Rev.  Mr.  Watt  refers  to  WILLIAMS,  REV.  DR. 

Boden,  Joseph.     Sermon,  Lon.,  1644,  8vo. 

Bodeiiham,  John,  an  industrious  compiler  of  other 
men's  labours,  temp.  Elizabeth.  Politeuphia,  or  Wit's 
Commonwealth,  Lon.,  1598 ;  18th  edit.,  1661.  '  This  is  a 
collection  of  extracts  from  the  ancient  moral  philosophers. 
An  edit,  amended,  1644.  Pallidas  Tamia,  Wit's  Treasury, 
by  F.  Meres,  forms  a  second  part.  Wit's  Theater  of  the 
Little  World,  Lon.,  1598;  again  1699,  16mo.  This  is  a 
compendium  of  historical  facts,  intended  to  suggest  philo 
sophical  reflections.  We  quote  from  a  copy  before  us  a 
portion  of  the  address  to  the  reader : 

"  The  profit  that  ariseth  by  reading  these  epitomized  histories  is 
to  emulate  that  which  thou  likest  in  others,  and  to  make  right 
vse  of  theyr  examples." 

Bodenham's  compilations  are  very  rarely  to  be  met  with. 
England's  Helicon,  1600,  4to.  This  is  a  collection  of  Eng 
lish  poetry  of  an  amatory  character.  It  will  be  found  re 
printed  entire  in  the  British  Bibliography,  vol.  iii.  120 
copies  were  printed  separately  at  £2  2».  Bel-vedere,  or  the 
Garden  of  the  Muses,  Lon.,  1600,  8vo;  reprinted,  1610, 
8vo,  with  the  omission  of  the  word  "Bel-vedere."  Priced 
in  Bib.  Anglo- Poet.  edit.  1600,  £25;  1610,  £21.  Copious 
accounts  of  this  valuable  work  will  be  found  in  Drake's 
Shakspeare  and  his  Times,  vol.  i.,  and  in  Censura  Litera- 
ria,  vol.  i.  Eleven  poets  are  enumerated  in  the  Bel-vedere 
who  are  not  to  be  found  in  England's  Parnassus. 

"  I  have  set  down  both  how,  whence,  and  where,  these  flowers 
had  their  first  springing,  till  thus  they  were  drawne  together  into 
the  Muses  Garden ;  that  every  one  may  challenge  his  owne,  each 
plant  his  particular,  and  no  one  be  injured  in  the  justice  of  his 
merit." — Proemium  by  the  compiler. 

"  It  will  be  seen  that  this  compilation  must  have  been  formed 
with  elaborate  attention,  and  that  it  must  necessarily  contain 
many  choice  and  sententious  flores  poetarum  Anglicanorum." — 
Censura  Literaria. 

Bodington,  John.     On  Cant.  iii.  11,  1662,  12mo. 

Bodius,  or  Boyd,  Andrew.  Carmen  Panegyricum 
ad  Regem  Carolum  in  Scotiam  redientem,  Edin.,  1633, 4to. 

Bodius,  Marcus  Alexander.     See  BOYD,  M.  A. 

Bodius,  Robt.     See  BOYD,  ROBERT. 

Bodius,  Zacharias.     See  BOYD,  ZACH. 

Bodley,  James,  M.D.  A  Critical  Essay  upon  the 
Works  of  Physicians,  Lon.,  1741,  8vo. 

Bodley,  Josias,  youngest  brother  of  Sir  Thomas 
Bodley,  wrote  Observations  concerning  the  fortresses  of 
Ireland  and  the  British  Colonies  of  Ulster,  and  Jocular 
Description  of  a  Journey  taken  by  him  to  Lecale  in  Ul 
ster,  in  1602.  These  pieces  have  not  been  printed. 

Bodley,  Laurence,  b.  about  1546,  d.  1615,  a  younger 
brother  of  Sir  Thomas  Bodley,  and  a  benefactor  to  the 
Bodleian  Library,  was  a  graduate  of  Christ  Church  Col 
lege,  Oxford.  He  wrote  an  elegy  on  the  death  of  Bishop 
Jewel,  which  was  pub.  in  Humphrey's  Life  of  that  prelate. 

Bodley,  Sir  Thomas,  1544-1612,  the  illustrious 
founder  of  the  noble  Library  at  Oxford  which  bears  bis 
name,  was  a  native  of  Dunscomb,  near  Crediton.  His 
birthday,  March  2d,  should  ever  be  honoured,  not  only 
by  the  sons  of  Oxford,  but  also  by  the  disciples  of  letters 
and  philosophy  in  all  parts  of  the  world.  His  father  being 
warmly  attached  to  the  Protestant  cause,  and,  therefore, 
obnoxious  to  the  favourites  of  Queen  Mary,  resided  for 
some  years  at  Geneva,  where  Thomas  attended  the  lectures 
of  Chevalier  on  Hebrew,  Beroald  on  Greek,  and  Calvin 
and  Beza  on  Divinity.  Returning  to  England,  he  was  en 
tered  at  Magdalen  College  in  1559.  Here  in  due  season 
he  became  lecturer  on  the  Greek  tongue,  reader  on  Natural 
Philosophy,  and  junior  proctor.  Leaving  college,  he  tra 
velled  for  nearly  four  years,  and  three  years  after  his  re 
turn  was  appointed  Esquire  of  the  Body  to  Queen  Eliza 
beth.  He  now  devoted  himself  to  diplomacy,  and  resided 
abroad  for  almost  the  whole  period  from  1585  to  1597. 
Having  retired  to  private  life,  he  determined  to  put  in  exe 
cution  a  long-cherished  plan,  to  found  in  Oxford  a  library 
worthy  of  the  reputation  of  that  ancient  seat  of  learning. 
Accordingly  he  made  a  proposition  to  this  effect  in  a  letter 
"from  London,  Feb.  23,  1597,"  to  Dr.  Ravis,  Vice-Chan- 
cellor  of  Oxon.  He  prefaces  his  noble  overture  with  tbe 
declaration  that 

"  I  have  been  always  of  a  mind  that,  if  God,  of  his  goodness, 
should  make  me  able  to  do  any  thing  for  the  benefit  of  posterity, 
I  would  shew  some  token  of  affection  that  I  have  evermore  borno 
to  the  studies  of  good  learning." 

This  liberal  proposition  was  received  in  a  better  spirit 


BOD 

than  has  been  evinced  in  some  cases  of  a  like  nature  in 
our  own  day  by  certain  institutions  of  learning  in  Eng 
land  and  America.  Bodley  encouraged  others  to  follow 
his  example,  and  the  harvest  was  so  plentiful  that  Sir 
Thomas  determined  to  pull  down  the  old  fabric  and  "  build 
greater."  On  the  19th  of  July,  1610,  he  laid  the  first 
stone  of  a  new  edifice,  which  he  did  not  live  to  see  com 
pleted.  In  1629  the  third  Earl  of  Pembroke  made  a  valua 
ble  addition  to  the  Library,  of  several  hundreds  of  valuable 
Greek  MSS.  In  1623  Sir  Kenelm  Digby  added  to  its 
stores,  and  after  this  followed  the  precious  collections  of 
Laud,  Selden,  Francis  Junius,  and  many  others.  We 
presume  that  the  Bodleian  Library  numbers  this  day  (1854) 
not  less  than  250,000  volumes.  Sir  Thomas  wrote  his  Life 
in  1609,  which  was  pub.  Oxon.,  1647,  4to,  and  again  by 
Hearne  in  the  Reliquiae  Bodleianae,  1763,  8vo,  including 
his  Letters  to  Dr.  James,  &c.  Litterae  D.  Tho.  Bodleio, 
&c.,  Ox.,  1658,  4to. 

"  Out  of  234  Letters,  not  above  2  are  dated ;  which  renders  the 
little  historical  matter  in  them  of  less  value :  they  wholly  turn  on 
buying  and  sorting;  books,  building  the  library,  and  other  matters 
relating  to  that  subject."—CoLE. 

Dr.  Thomas  James  prepared  a  catalogue  of  the  Library 
pub.  1605,  '20,  '35,  '36.  It  then  contained  some  20,000 
articles.  The  reader  will  be  pleased  to  see  by  reference 
to  the  following  testimonies,  the  veneration  with  which 
the  character  of  Sir  Thomas  was  regarded  by  his  contem 
poraries  : 

Oratio  Funebris  habita  in  Schola  Theologica  in  Obitum 
clariss.  Equitis  Tho.  Bodley,  Oxon,  1613,  4to.  This  ora 
tion  (by  Js.  Wake)  is  reprinted  in  Dr.  Will.  Bates's  Vitae 
selectorum  aliquot  virorum.  Justa  Funebria  Ptolemaei 
Oxoniensis,  Thomae  Bodleii  Equitio  avrati,  celebrata  in 
AcademiS,  Oxoniensi.  Mensis  Martii29, 1613  ;  Oxon.,1613, 
4to.  This  collection  of  funeral  verses  contains  contribu 
tions  by  Archbishop  Laud,  Robert  Burton,  author  of  the 
Anatomy  of  Melancholy,  Isaac  Casaubon,  Ac. 

Bodleiommena;  seu  Carmina  et  Orationes  in  Obitus  ejus, 
Oxon.,  1613,  4to.  For  an  account  of  Catalogues,  &c.  of 
the  Bodleian  Library,  see  Lowndes's  Bibl.  Manual,  and 
Sims's  Hand  Book  to  the  British  Museum,  Lon.,  1854. 

"  Thomas  Bodley,  another  Ptolemy,  though  no  writer  worth  the 
remembrance,  yet  hath  he  been  the  greatest  promoter  of  learning 
that  hath  yet  appeared  in  our  nation." — ANTHONY  WOOD. 

'•  View  this  illustrious  bibliomaniac,  with  his  gentleman-like  air, 
and  expressive  countenance,  superintending,  with  the  zeal  of  a 
Custom-house  officer,  the  shipping,  or  rather  barging,  of  his  books 
for  the  grand  library  which  is  now  called  by  his  OWN  NAME  !  Think 
upon  his  activity  in  writing  to  almost  every  distinguished  charac 
ter  of  the  realm :  soliciting,  urging,  entreating  for  their  support 
towards  his  magnificent  establishment :  and,  moreover.superintend- 
ing  the  erection  of  the  building,  as  well  as  examining  the  timbers 
with  the  nicety  of  a  master-carpenter!  Think  of  this ;  and  when 
you  walk  under  the  grave  and  appropriately-ornamented  roof, 
which  tells  you  that  you  are  within  the  precincts  of  the  BODLEIAN 
LIBRARY,  pay  obeisance  to  the  portrait  of  the  founder,  and  hold 
converse  with  his  gentle  spirit  that  dwells  therein."— Dibdiris 
Bibliomania. 

It  is  an  interesting  fact  that  two  of  the  first  scholars  of 
their  respective  periods,  Isaac  Casaubon  and  Philip  Bliss, 
the  one  in  1613  and  the  other  about  1813,  acknowledge  their 
obligations  to  the  noble  founder  of  the  Bodleian  Library :. 

"  As  long  as  I  remained  at  Oxford,  I  passed  whole  days  in  the 
Library ;  for  books  cannot  be  taken  out,  but  the  library  is  open  to 
all  scholars  for  seven  or  eight  hours  every  day.  You  might  al 
ways  see  therefore  many  of  these,  greedily  enjoying  the  banquet 
prepared  for  them,  which  gave  me  no  small  pleasure." — Casaub 
Epift.  899,  in  Hallam's  Lit.  of  Europe. 

"It  is  surely  unnecessary  to  repeat  the  praises  of  such  a  man 
as  Sir  Thomas  Bodley,  a  man  whose  name  will  only  perish  with 
that  of  his  country.  The  obligations  which  literature  owes  to  the 
exertions  of  this  individual  can  only  be  estimated  by  those  who 
have  opportunity  as  well  as  occasion  to  consult  the  inestimable 
treasures  he  bequeathed  to  the  place  of  his  education.  And  it  is 
with  a  mingled  sensation  of  gratitude  and  pride,  that  the  Editor 
of  these  ATHENE  acknowledges  the  assistance  he  receives  from  the 
BODLEIAN  LIBRARY,  an  institution  which  he  boldly  asserts  to  be  the 
most  useful  as  well  as  the  most  magnificent  in  the  universe  "— 
Alhen.  Oxon.,  Bliss's  Edit. 

During  the  two  centuries  which  had  elapsed  since  Isaac 
Casaubon  gratefully  acknowledged  that  literary  solace 
which  enabled  him,  a  wanderer  in  a  strange  land,  to  for 
get  for  a  time  the  apostasy  of  his  first-born  and  the  mur 
der  of  his  king,  how  many  of  the  sons  of  science  thirsting 
for  knowledge  had  drank  deep  at  that  fountain  of  learn 
ing* — and  pronounced  benedictions  on  the  wise  master- 
builder  of  that  classic  temple  dedicated  to  intellectual 
progress— THE  BODLEIAN  LIBRARY  AT  OXFORD  ! 

Bodrugan,  Nicholas,  alias  Adams.  Epitome  of 
toe  Title  that  the  Kynges  Majestic  of  Englande  hath  to 
the  Sovereigntie  of  Scotland.  Continued  upon  the  ancient 
Writers  of  both  Nations  from  the  beginnynge.  Dedicated 

B^le  £8*15,  '  L°n"  1M6'  8VO 


BOG 

Boethius,  Boece,  or  Boeis,  Hector,  b.  about 
1470,  d.  about  1550  ?  was  a  native  of  Dundee,  in  the  shire 
of  Angus.  After  a  course  of  study  at  Dundee  and  Aber 
deen,  he  continued  his  education  at  the  University  of  Paris. 
Elphinston,  Bishop  of  Aberdeen,  founded  in  that  city  about 
1500,  the  King's  College,  and  sent  for  Boethius  to  return 
and  take  the  post  of  principal,  which  call  he  obeyed.  Upoja 
the  death  of  the  bishop,  Boethius  wrote  his  life,  and  the 
lives  of  his  predecessors  in  that  See.  This  work  is  enti 
tled  Vitae  Episcoporum  Murthlacensium  et  Aberdonensium, 
Paris,  1522,  4to.  The  list  commences  with  Beanus,  the 
first  bishop,  and  ends  with  Gawin  Dunbar,  who  was  bishop 
when  the  book  was  published.  Boethius  now  undertook 
to  write,  also  in  Latin,  a  history  of  Scotland,  commencing 
with  remote  antiquity,  and  ending  with  the  death  of  James 
I.  The  first  edition  was  pub.  at  Paris,  in  1526,  4to,  under 
the  title  of  Scotorum  Historia  ab  illius  Gentis  Origine.  Of 
this  edit,  there  were  but  17  books.  The  author  continued 
to  enlarge  and  improve  it  until  his  death  about  1550.(?)  An 
other  edit,  was  pub.  in  Paris  in  1574,  folio,  containing  18 
books,  and  part  of  a  19th,  added  by  Boethius,  and  a  con 
tinuation  by  John  Ferrier,  a  Piedmontese,  bringing  down 
the  history  to  the  reign  of  James  III.  This  History  was 
trans,  by  order  of  James  V.,  by  John  Ballenden,  under 
which  name  the  reader  will  find  an  account  of  the  version 
referred  to.  So  rare  are  copies  of  the  original  trans,  that 
the  Roxburghe  copy  sold  for  £65,  and  the  Towneley  copy 
for  £85.  Sir  Walter  Scott  edited  a  reprint,  (200  copies,) 
Edin.,  1821,  2  vols.  4to.  Ballenden's  translations  are  con 
sidered  to  be  the  finest  specimens  of  the  old  Scottish  lan 
guage  extant.  Boethius  has  been  more  praised  and  blamed 
than  most  authors : 

"  Of  all  Scots  historians,  next  to  Buchanan,  Boethius  has  been 
the  most  censured  and  commended  by  the  learned  men  who  have 
mentioned  him."— MACKENZIE. 

"  In  the  first  six  books  there  are  a  great  many  particulars  not  to 
be  found  in  Fordun,  or  any  other  writer  now  extant ;  unless  the 
authors  which  he  pretends  to  have  seen  be  hereafter  discovered, 
he  will  continue  to  be  shrewdly  suspected  for  the  contrivance  of 
almost  as  many  tales  as  Geoffrey  of  Monmouth." — BP.  NICOLSON. 

"  In  the  18th  book  he  has  treated  of  things  in  so  comprehensive 
a  manner,  that  no  one  could  have  done  it  more  fully  or  signifi 
cantly  on  the  same  subject." — FERRIER. 

"  His  style  has  all  the  purity  of  Caesar's,  and  is  so  nervous  both 
in  the  reflections  and  diction,  that  he  seems  to  have  absolutely  en 
tered  into  the  spirit  of  Livy,  and  made  it  his  own." 

"  He  was  a  man  of  an  extraordinary  happy  genius,  and  of  great 
eloquence." — ERASMUS,  an  intimate  friend. 

"  He  was  a  great  master  of  polite  learning,  well  skilled  in  di 
vinity,  philosophy,  and  history;  but  somewhat  credulous,  and 
much  addicted  to  the  belief  of  legendary  stories." 

"  He  may  be  justly  reverenced  as  one  of  the  revivers  of  elegant 
learning.  The  style  of  Boethius,  though,  perhaps,  not  always 
rigorously  pure,  is  formed  with  great  diligence  upon  ancient  mo 
dels,  and  wholly  uninfected  with  monastic  barbarity.  His  history 
is  written  with  elegance  and  vigour,  but  his  fabulousness  and  cre 
dulity  are  justly  blamed.  His  fabulousness,  if  he  was  the  author 
of  fictions,  is  a  fault  for  which  no  apology  can  be  made;  but  his 
credulity  may  be  excused  in  an  age  when  all  men  were  credulous." 
— Dr.  Johnson's  Tour  in  Scotland,  which  see ;  also  Mackenzie's  Lives ; 
Biog.  Brit.;  Nicolson's  Hist.  Library ;  Chalmers's  Biog.  Diet. 

Bogan,  Zachary,  1625-1659,  an  English  Puritan, 
educated  at  St.  Alban's  Hall,  and  Corpus  Christi  College, 
Oxford,  wrote  Additions  to  Rous's  Archaeologies  Atticae, 
the  5th  edit,  of  which  was  pub.  Oxf.,  1658,  4to;  View  of 
Scriptural  Threats  and  Punishments,  Oxf.,  1653,  8vo; 
Meditations,  <fec.,  1653,  8voj  Help  to  Prayer,  1650,  12mo; 
and  a  work  pub.  1658,  8vo,  drawing  comparisons  between 
the  writings  of  Homer  and  the  Holy  Scriptures. 

"  The  design  of  this  learned,  and  now  rare,  philological  work, 
is  to  point  out  the  similarity  of  many  forms  of  expression  in  Homer 
to  those  which  occur  in  Scripture." — ORME. 

"  The  author  states  that  it  is  not  his  intention  to  institute  any 
comparison  between  the  sacred  writers  and  their  opinions  and 
Homer,  but  simply  between  their  idioms  and  ways  of  speaking." — 
T.  H.  HORNE. 

Bogan  added  Hesiodius,  Ac.,  to  show  how  Hesiod  ex 
presses  himself  very  nearly  in  the  same  manner  as  Homer. 

Bogart,  Alexander  H.,  1804-1826,  an  American 
poet,  died  before  he  had  contributed  any  thing  of  conse 
quence  to  the  literature  of  the  country. 

Bogart,  Elizabeth,  a  native  and  resident  of  New 
York,  is  a  daughter  of  the  Rev.  David  S.  Bogart  of  that 
city.  Under  the  signature  of  ESTELLB,  Miss  Bogart  has 
contributed  many  articles  to  The  New  York  Mirror  and 
other  periodicals.  Four  of  her  prose  tales  have  been  ho 
noured  by  prizes.  Few  pieces  of  American  poetry  deserve 
higher  commendation  than  the  pathetic  lines,  "  He  comes 
too  late,"  <fec. 

Bogg,  Edward.  Geology  of  Lincolnshire  Wolds, 
Trans.  Geol.  Soc.,  1816. 

Bogue,  David,  1750-1825,  a  Dissenting  minister,  edu 
cated  at  the  University  of  Edinburgh,  was  pastor  of  an 


BOH 


BOK 


of  the 


im9imt*ti»K  yoang  men 


to  the 
of  th*N 

into  French. 


several  edits^  and 


Christfaai*r,aada«an  iafatMtaetto  toth*  Sew 
The  ii  iiMamrti  ••  ••lint,  tt 
reasoning  caee«ta«dioiiiia<  Jay.*—  Qams. 

A  Catechism  trans,  from  the  French,  Lon^  18«7, 
ASenBon,Hendon,1808.  History  of  the  Disaeaten,  from 
the  Berolntkm  in  1689  to  the  yew  1808;  in  conjunction 
with  Mr.  Bennett;  1809,  3  vols.  8vo;  in  4  rets.  8vo,  1812. 
This  work  was  intended  to  form  a  continuation  of  Meal's 
History  of  the 


Discourses  on  the  Millennium,!  vols^  181  ^-16. 
These  dl»mm««« af» not «K*giHical  or 


number  of  work*,  1683-94:  we  notice  a  tern. 
of  Sir  Robert  Fflmer,  Lon^  1684,    The  History  of  th* 
ILJ1689,8vo.   The  Jnstiee  of  Peace's 


of  Beading  History,  1698,  8vo,  and  s<»e  other  wo 

Mr.  8.  Wilton  Biz  promises  us  a  voln»e,  to  be 

The  Diary  and  Autobiography  of  Tiaanil  B«ln 

from  a  M^.  in  *•  MMflrfM  fti  •!*•*  E  .hun.  : 


A  work  fcr  which 
wffl  be  the  better,  and 

~ 


The  Wind,  Hurricanes,  Ae^  Oil,  16n,8ro 
Bohan,  William,  of  the  Middle  Temple.  Privflegia 
Londini,  or  the  Bights,  Liberties,  Privileges,  Laws,  and 
Oartomi  of  the  CJty*l»m*m,  TIM,,  1*92,  tro;  3d  edit, 
with  additions,  1723,  8vo.  Cnrsus  CaneeUaria?,  Ac.,  1715, 
8vo.  Mr.  B.  pub.  other  legal  treatises,  Ac.,  1702-33. 

Boilean,  D.  An  Bssay  on  the  Study  of  Statistics, 
containing  a  SyUabus  for  Lectures,!^  1807, 12i«>.  Let 
ters,  Ac.  from  the  French,  1809,  2  vols.  12mo.  Introduc 
tion  to  the  Study  of  Political  (Economy,  or  An  Elementary 
Yiew  of  the  manner  in  which  the  Wealth  of  Nations  is 
distributed,  and  consumed,  1811,  8vo. 


Bohn,  Henry  G.,  an  enterprising  London  publisher 
and  bibliopole,  of  German  parentage,  was  b.  in  London, 
about  the  yew  1800,  and  is  favourably  known  as  the  editor 
of  Bibliotheca  Parriana  and  the  translator  of  some  pieces 
from  the  German.  Mr.  Lynes  thus  handsomely  acknow 
ledge.?  Mr.B.'a  intelligent  labours  in  the  fornicr  caj-.acitv: 

"This  Preftee  must  not  be  concluded,  without  a  distinct  ae- 
kiiowledgment  of  the  obligations  incurred  to  Mr.  Bohn.  jun^  fcr 
the  great  labour  which  he  has  bestowed  in  compiling  this  work, 
as  well  as  for  the  judgment  and  knowledge  which  he  has  shewn 
fa  correcting  error,  occasioned  by  the  indistinct  handwriting  of 
Da.  PAM,  or  the  blunders  of  his  various  ------  *  r-*~ 


into  the  various  Systems  of  Political  (Economy; 
their  advantages  and  disadvantages ;  and  the  Theory  most 
favourable  to  the  Increase  of  National  Wealth ;  trans,  from 
the  French  of  Ganflch,  1812, 8vo.  Boileau  edited  the  Me- 
moirs,  Ac.  of  the  Baron  de  Grimm  et  Diderot,1813, 4vols.8vo. 

Bois,  Latin,  Boisins.    See  BOYS,  JOHX. 

Boise,  James  R.  Exercises  in  Greek  Prose  Compo 
sition,  adapted  to  the  First  Book  of  Xenophon's  Anabasis 
New  York,  12mo. 

"We  regard  it  as  1 1  illi  liHa  lilinlliail  nf  fifcliilir.  tin  I  it  pre 
supposes  both  the  diligent  scholar  and  the  mJmdaUng  teacher  *- 
Christian  Register. 


D*.  PAKE,  or  .   _. 

Line*,  Rectory,  Etmley  Lotett,  2W  May,  1827;  Preface  to  Btbto- 
fheca  Parrieuta, 

Mr.  B.  translated  vol.  iv.  of  Sehfller's  Works,  (Bonn's 
Library,)  containing  The  Bobbers,  Ac.;  also,  A  Polyglott 
of  Foreign  Proverbs :  comprising  French,  Italian,  German, 
Dutch.  Spanish,  Portuguese,  and  Danish.  CompDed  Hand- 
Book  of  Games.  Ed.  Addison's  Works,  6  vols. ;  Lowndes's 
Bibliographer's  Manual,  enlarged  with  revisions  and  cor 
rections,  in  8  Pts.,  forming  4  vols.,  1857-58,  Ac.  Mr.  B. 
observes, 

Til  ii  Illllilli  mttm  •  ai  VOim  hi  i  n  moreasaboon  to  his  confreres 
and  to  literary  men  than  as  an  object  of  mercantile  profit;  and  be 
trusts  it  will  be  receired  as  such." 

But  Mr.  Bonn's  MACKUH  OPUS  is  his  "monster"  Guinea 
Catalogue,  Lon.,  1841,  enormously  thick  wmdescripto,  Teu 
tonic  shape,  7*146  model !  But  the  London  Literary  Ga 
zette  gave  so  graphic  a  description  of  this  plethoric  tome 
on  its  first  appearance,  that  we  can  do  no  better  than  quote 
it  in  lieu  of  any  sketch  of  our  own : 

"  Mr.  Bohn  has  outdone  all  former  doings  in  the  same  line,  and 
given  us  a  literary  curiosity  of  remarkable  character.    The  volume 
b  the  squattest  and  the  Attest  we  ever  saw.    It  is  an 
'  x>ks,  and  not  a  ' 
is  richly  stuffed 


among  books,  and  not  a  very  tall  one;  and  then,  alderman-like, 
its  inside  is  richly  stuffed  with  a  multitude  of  good  things.  Why, 
there  is  a  list  of  more  than  23,000  articles,  and  the  pages  reach  to 

104-: 


This  catalogue  has  cost  him  an  outlay  of  upwards  of 
*  •iHiTililM,g»  MJliasr,  a  stock  which  could  hardly 
be  valued  at  much  less  than  a  plum." 

The  same  excellent  periodical  describes  another  book 
seller's  catalogue  under  notice  as  "  a  shrimp,  compared  with 
Mr.  Bonn's  big  fish." 

Having  long  made  Bibliography  our  special  study,  we 
may  be  allowed  to  express  the  opinion  that  the  Guinea  Cata 
logue  is  an  invaluable  lexicon  to  any  literary  man,  and  ten 
guineas  would  be  a  cheap  price  for  a  work  calculated  to  save 
time  by  its  convenience  for  reference,  and  money  by  its 
stores  of  information  as  to  the  literary  and  pecuniary  value 
of  coveted  tomes.  As  an  eminent  benefactor  to  the  reading 
public,  by  the  republication  in  a  cheap  form  of  costly  and 
valuable  works,  as  the  projector  of  the  Standard  Library, 
130  vols.,  Scientific  Lib.,  Illustrated  Lib.,  Lib.  of  French 
Memoirs,  Lib.  of  Extra  Volumes,  Classical  Lib.,  (consisting 
of  translations  of  the  Greek  and  Latin  Classics,)  Antiqua 
rian  Lib.,  Philologico-Philosophical  Lib.,  Historical  Lib., 
Library  of  British  Classics,  Ecclesiastical  Lib.,  Miniature 
Lib.,  and  Cheap  Series, — numbering  in  all  upwards  of  five 
hundred  volumes, — Mr.  Bohn  does  not  need  our  praise,  but 
he  cannot  refuse  our  gratitude. 

Bohnn,  Edmund,  d.  about  1702?  admitted  Fellow- 
commoner  of  Queen's  College,  Cambridge,  in  1663,  sub 
sequently  served  as  a  Justice  of  the  Peace.     He  pub.  a 
214 


Boker,  George  H.,  b.  1824,  is  a  native  of  Philadel 
phia,  the  son  of  Charles  S.  Boker,  Esq.,  President  of  the 
Girard  Bank  of  that  city.  At  nineteen  years  of  age,  Mr. 
Boker  graduated  B.A.  at  Nassau  Hall,  Princeton  College, 
New  Jersey.  After  travelling  for  some  time  in  England 
and  on  the  Continent,  Mr.  B.  returned  to  Philadelphia, 
where  he  now  resides.  He  first  appeared  as  an  author  in 
1847,  when  he  pub.  The  Lesson  of  Life,  and  other  Poems. 
"  In  this  were  indications  of  a  manly  temper  and  a  cultivated 
mind,  but  H  had  the  customary  faults  of  youthful  compositions 
to  occasional  feebleness  of  epithet,  indistinctness,  diffusiveness, 
and  a  certain  kind  of  romanticism,  that  betrays  a  want  of  experi 
ence  of  the  world."— R.  W.  GRISWOLD  :  Podt  and  Fbctry  of  America. 
"It  contains  many  pleasing  passages,  yet  frequently  shows  a 
want  of  care  and  finish  in  the  execution.  A  pure  and  elevated 
tone  of  sentiment  pervades  it  throughout,  and  it  embodies  enough 
of  poetic  ttnacht  were  the  poem  compressed  to  half  its  present 

i  length,  to  make  it  a  production  of  a  high  order  of  merit  "— Lite 
rary  World,  ii.  566. 

Mr.  Boker  now  turned  his  attention  to  the  drama,  and 

1  in  1848  produced  Calaynos,  a  Tragedy,  which  was  played 
with  great  success  both  in  America  and  England. 

"  It  is  a  clear  and  classic  piece  of  composition,  reminding  one,  by 
its  elevated  purity  of  tone,  of  Talfonrd's  Ion,  though  it  is  marked 
by  much  greater  dramatic  spirit  and  power  than  that  didactic 
drama.  .  .  .  Calaynos,  without  any  adventitious  recommendation, 
unheralded  by  a  popular  name,  and  unaided  by  a  popular  theme, 
was  eminently  successful,  not  only  in  this  country,  but  in  Eng 
land,  and  immediately  placed  its  author  in  the  front  rank  of  liv 
ing  dramatists."— ROBEBT  T.  CojniAD. 

Mr.  Boker's  next  production  was  Anne  Boleyn,  a  Tra 
gedy,  [1850,] 

"Which  in  many  respects  surpasses  Calaynos,  evincing  more 
skill  in  the  use  of  language,  more  force  in  the  display  of  passion, 
and  a  finer  vein  of  poetical  feeling,  with  the  same  admirable  con 
trast  of  character,  and  unity  and  directness  of  conduct." — R.  W. 
GRISWOLD. 

To  this  succeeded  The  Betrothal ;  Leonor  de  Guzman,  a 
Tragedy;  and  Francesca  da  Rimini.  The  limited  space  to 

i  which  we  are  confined  prevents  any  examination  into  the 

|  merits  of  these  compositions.     Plays  and  Poems,  Bost, 

!  1856,  2  vols.  12mo. 

S      "  The  glow  of  his  images  is  chastened  by  a  noble  simplicity. 

1  keeping  them  within  the  line  of  human  sympathy  and  natural 

:  expression.  He  has  followed  the  masters  of  dramatic  writing  with 
rare  judgment.  He  also  excels  many  gifted  poets  of  his  class  in  a 
quality  essential  to  an  acted  play— spirit.  To  the  tragic  ability  he 
unites  aptitude  for  the  easy,  colloquial,  and  jocose  dialogue,  such 
as  must  intervene  in  the  genuine  Shaksperian  drama,  to  give  re 
lief  and  additional  effect  to  high  emotion.  His  language,  also, 
rises  often  to  the  highest  point  of  energy,  pathos,  and  beauty."— 

1  H.  T.  TCCKIKMAW:  Characteristics  of  Literature,  2d  Series. 

!  "  The  age  has  not  produced  a  poem  more  graceful  than  The  Po- 
desta's  Daughter,  nor  scarcely  one  so  distinguished  for  its  simple 
and  genuine,  but  deep  and  thrilling,  pathos.  The  reader  who  can 

.  forbear  to  drop  upon  the  page  the  tribute  of  a  tear  to  the  gentle  Giulia, 


BOL 

« Sweeter  frr 

Than  rose  or  lily,  violet  or  Tine. 
Though  they  could  gather  all  their  charms  in  one,' 
would  weep  for  nothing.    Can  th*  literature  of  our  land  boast  any 
thine  more  purely  original,  more  luxuriantly  imaginative,  than  ; 
The  hnry  Qxnxr?    His  Sniff  of  tite  Jftwik,  also,  is  bold,  animated, 
and  displays  wonderful  power :  and  /  fern  a  Oottoffe  is  not  sur 
passed,  as  a  specimen  of  descriptive  sweetness  and  beauty,  in  our  own 
or  in  any  language." — R.  T.  COXRAD  :  Graham't  Mag.,  March,  1854.   ! 
Bolafley,  H.V.  First  SteptoHebrew,Lon.,1811,12mo. 
Bolaine,  N.     Remarks  on  Inoculation.  1754,  Svo. 
Bold,  Henry,  of  New  College,  Oxford.    Wit  a  Sport 
ing,   Ac.,   Lon.,   1662,    Svo.     Poems,   1664,   Svo.     Latine 
Songs  with  their  English.  <tc.,  1685,  Svo. 

••  lie  was  excellent  at  translating  the  most  difficult  and  crabbed 
English  into  Latin  verse." — Athen.  Oxon. 

Bold,  John,  1679-1757,  a  native  of  Leicester,  was 
matriculated  at  St  John's  College,  Cambridge,  and,  enter 
ing  into  holy  orders,  took  the  curacy  of  Stony  Staunton,  , 
Leicestershire,  where  he  zealously  laboured  on  a  small  pit-  j 
tance  for  about  fifty  years.     He  wrote — 1.  The  Sin  and 
Danger  of  Neglecting  the  Public  Service  of  the  Church, 
1 745.  Svo.     2.  Religion  the  most  Delightful  Employment 
3.  The  Duty  of  Worthy  Communicating. 

"  He  had  talents  that  might  have  rendered  him  conspicuous 
anywhere,  and  an  impressive  and  correct  delivery.  .  .  .  He  ap 
pears  from  the  early  age  of  24  years  to  have  formed  his  plan  of 
making  himself  a  living  sacrifice  for  the  benefit  of  his  flock." 

Bold,  or  Bolde,  Samuel,  of  Steeple,  and  Vicar  of  | 
Shapwicke,  Dorsetshire,  pub.  a  number  of  theological  \ 
treatises,  1687-1736.  A  second  Examination  of  Dr.  Com-  ; 
bet's  Scholastical  History  of  Liturgies,  Lon.,  1691,  4to.  j 
Observations  and  Tracts  of  Defence  of  Locke's  Essay,  <tc.,  I 
and  Reasonableness  of  Christianity,  1693,  12mo;  1706, 
Svo.  An  Helpe  in  Devotion,  1736,  Svo. 

Bolde,  Thomas.     Rhetoric  Restrained,  or  Bp.  Gau- 

den  on  the  Liturgy  considered  and  clouded,  1660,  4to. 

Boles,  Katherine.     On  Ruptures,  Lon.,  1726,  Svo. 

Bolien.     Protestants  on  the  safe  side,  Lon.,  1687,  4to. 

Bolingbroke,  Henry  St.  John,  Viscount,  1678- 

1751,  was  the  only  son  of  Sir  Henry  St.  John,  of  Lydiard 

Tregoze,  in  Wiltshire,  Baronet,  by  Mary,  second  daughter, 

and  coheiress  of  Robert  Rich,  third  Earl  of  Warwick,  of 

that  family.     Henry  was  born  at  Battersea,  in   Surrey, 

October  1,  1678, — though  1672  has  often  been  erroneously 

assigned  as  the  date  of  his  birth.     He  was  brought  up 

under  the  eye  of  his  grandmother,  a  Presbyterian,  who 

placed  him  under  the  tutorship  of  the  celebrated  Puritan 

preacher,    Daniel   Burgess,   who   resided    in   the    family. 

Bolingbroke  tells  Pope,  long  afterwards,  at  the  end  of  the 

epistle  to  Sir  W.  Wyndham,  that  he  was  obliged,  while  yet 

a  boy,  to  read  over  the  commentaries  of  Dr.  Manton,  whose 

"  Pride  it  was  to  have  made  an  hundred  and  nineteen  sermons 

on  the  hundred  and  nineteenth  Psalm." 

At  Eton  he  became  acquainted  with  Sir  Robert  Walpole, 
and  a  rivalship  here  commenced  which  continued  through 
life.  He  removed  from  Eton  to  Christ  Church,  Oxford, 
where,  as  subsequently,  he  was  distinguished  for  his 
talents,  brilliancy  of  conversation,  fascinating  manners, 
and  remarkable  personal  beauty.  He  left  college  only  to 
continue  a  course  of  the  wildest  profligacy,  which  caused 
his  parents,  with  the  hope  of  his  reformation,  to  bring 
about  a  match  between  the  dissolute  youth  and  the 
daughter  and  coheiress  of  Sir  Henry  Winchescomb.  This 
experiment,  to  reform  a  rake  by  the  sacrifice  of  an  inno 
cent  female,  ended  as  such  ventures  generally  do.  In  a 
short  time  they  separated,  and  were  never  again  united. 
During  his  exile  she  died  in  England,  and  in  1720  Boling 
broke  espoused  the  widowed  Marchioness  de  Villette,  a 
niece  of  Madame  Maintenon.  They  lived  together  for 
thirty  years,  and  he  survived  her  only  about  a  year.  In 
1700  he  was  chosen  to  represent  the  borough  of  Wootton 
Basset  in  Parliament.  In  1704  he  became  Secretary  of 
War,  and  held  this  post  for  three  years,  resigning  in  1707, 
when  Harley  was  dismissed  from  office.  In  1710,  upon 
the  fall  of  the  Godolphin  administration,  Harley  came 
into  power,  and  St.  John  became  Secretary  of  State.  In 
1712  he  was  created  Viscount  Bolingbroke,  and  exhibited 
great  chagrin  at  not  being  raised  to  an  earldom.  His 
father's  congratulation  on  his  new  honours  was  something 
of  the  oddest : 

"  Ah,  Harry,"  said  he,  "  I  ever  said  you  would  be  hanged ;  but 
now  I  find  you  will  be  beheaded!" 

The  accession  of  George  I.  interposed  an  effectual  bar 
rier  to  the  ambition  of  the  courtier.  Addison  was  made 
foreign  secretary,  and  the  Whigs  determined  to  impeach 
Bolingbroke  of  high  treason.  Satisfied  that  his  life  was 
aimed  at  by  his  enemies,  he  fled  in  disguise,  March  25, 
1715,  to  Calais.  By  invitation  of  Charles  Stuart,  he  visited 
him  at  Lorraine,  and  accepted  the  post  of  his  Secretary 


BOL 

of  State,  which  caused  his  impeachment  and  attainder. 
In  1723  he  was  permitted  to  return  home,  and  his  estates 
were  restored  to  him,  but  the  House  of  Lords  was  still 
closed  against  him.  He  now.  in  conjunction  with  Wynd 
ham  and  Pulteney,  who  were  in  Parliament,  commenced  a 
fierce  war  against  Sir  Robert  Walpole,  which  lasted  for  ten 
years.  The  Craftsman,  by  Caleb  D'Anvers,  was  the  vehicle 
of  their  vigorous  and  bitter  attacks.  Such  was  the  popu 
larity  of  this  paper,  which  commenced  Dec.  5,  1725,  and 
extended  to  14  vols.  12mo,  that  10,000  to  12,000  copies  were 
sometimes  sold  in  one  day.  In  1736  he  again  visited 
France,  where  he  resided  until  the  death  of  his  father,  in 
1742,  when  he  retired  to  the  family  seat  at  Battersea  for 
the  rest  of  his  earthly  existence,  which  was  terminated  by 
a  cancer  in  the  face  in  1751. 

The  notorious  David  Mallet  was  his  lordship's  literary 
legatee,  and  in  1754  he  pub.  an  edition  of  his  works  in  5 
vols.  4to.  To  these  2  vols.  4to,  of  Correspondence,  State 
Papers,  Ac.,  were  added  by  G.  Parke,  in  1798.  In  some 
of  the  Essays  in  the  collected  edition  appeared  those  skep 
tical  opinions  which  had  been  less  boldly  advanced  in  his 
lifetime.  During  his  life  there  appeared  a  Letter  to  Swift, 
1715,  foL;  the  Representation,  1715,  4to;  His  Case,  1715, 
Svo;  Dissertations  upon  Parties,  1735,  4to  ;  these  Disser 
tations,  together  with  the  Letters  in  the  Study  and  Use  of 
History,  first  appeared  in  the  Craftsman  ;  Remarks  on  the 
History  of  England,  1743,  Svo;  Letters  on  the  Spirit  of 
Patriotism ;  on  the  Idea  of  a  Patriot  King,  and  on  the 
State  of  Parties  at  the  Accession  of  George  I.,  1749,  Svo. 
The  Idea  of  a  Patriot  King  had  been  intrusted  to  Pope, 
who  had  printed  and  circulated  many  more  copies  than 
the  author  intended.  His  story  is  well  known,  and  need 
not  now  be  repeated.  Mallet  was  employed  to  edit  the 
edition  pub.  1749,  and  the  Advertisement,  severely  reflect 
ing  upon  Pope,  has  brought  down  much  censure  on  his 
lordship's  memory.  But  a  far  graver  offence  rests  upon 
:  the  name  of  Bolingbroke — his  impious  attacks  upon  Reve 
lation.  Johnson's  opinion  of  the  author  of  these  "  wild 
and  pernicious  ravings  under  the  name  of  philosophy"  ia 
I  well  known : 

"  Sir,  he  was  a  scoundrel,  and  a  coward :  a  scoundrel  for  charg 
ing  a  blunderbuss  against  religion  and  morality;  a  coward  be 
cause  he  had  not  resolution  to  fire  it  off  himself,  but  left  half-a- 
j  crown  to  a  beggarly  Scotchman,  to  draw  the  trigger  after  his  death.'' 
No  doubt  Mr.  David  Mallet  considered  the  post  of  can 
noneer  sufficient  honour  to  counterbalance  the  condemna 
tion  which  his  editorial  duties  encountered.  Dr.  Johnson 
would  not  honour  either  author  or  editor  by  perusal ;  for 
when  Mr.  Burney  asked  him  if  he  had  seen  Warburton's 
book  against  Bolingbroke's  Philosophy,  he  answered  in 
his  characteristic  manner : 

"  No,  sir,  I  have  never  read  Bolingbroke's  Impiety,  and,  there 
fore,  am  not  Interested  about  its  confutation." 

The  name  of  Warburton  naturally  suggests  the  inge 
nious  artifice  of  Burke  in  his  imitation  of  Lord  Boling 
broke  in  the  Vindication  of  Natural  Society.  Both  War- 
burton  and  Lord  Chesterfield  were  among  the  believers  in 
the  authenticity  of  this  eloquent  forgery.  Among  the 
great  men  of  his  time  Bolingbroke  stood  proudly  pre-emi 
nent.  Swift,  slow  to  find  or  acknowledge  merit  in  any 
man,  considered  himself  exalted  in  lauding  St.  John,  and 
Pope  hardly  stops  short  of  paying  him  divine  honours. 
Witness  the  idolatrous  enthusiasm  of  the  following : 

"  I  really  think  there  is  something  in  that  great  man  which 
looks  as  if  he  was  placed  here  by  mistake.    When  the  comet  ap 
peared  to  us  a  month  or  two  ago,  I  had  sometimes  an  imagination 
that  it  might  possibly  be  come  to  our  world  to  carry  him  home ; 
as  a  coach  comes  to  one's  door  for  other  visitors." — Spence's  Anec. 
That  Bolingbroke  was  sufficiently  mortal  to  reciprocate 
human  affection  we  have  undoubted  evidence.    He  watched 
j  over  the  form  of  the  dying  bard,  and  watered  his  pillow 
j  with   his   tears.      On   one   of    these   affecting   occasions, 
j  Spence  tells  us,  he  cried  "  over  him  for  a  considerable 
time  with  more  concern  than  can  be  expressed.    '  0  groat 
j  God !  what  is  man  ?'  said  Lord  B.,  looking  on  Mr.  Pope,  and 
repeating  it  several  times,  interrupted  with  sobs.     '  I  have 
known  him  these  thirty  years ;  and  value  myself  more  for 
that  man's  love,— than'— [sinking  his  head,  and  losing  his 
voice  in  tears.]"    Yet  fain  would  this  friend  have  excluded 
from  the  dying  pillow  of  the  man  he  so  loved,  the  last  con 
solations  which  can  minister  to  the  soul  of  the  departing : 
"  The  priest  had  scarce  departed  when  Bolingbroke,  coming  over 
from  Battersea,  flew  into  a  great  fit  of  passion  and  indignation  on 
the  occasion  of  his  being  called  in."— WARTON. 

But  when  the  day  of  darkness  fell  on  the  proud  philoso 
pher,  the  sophistry  to  which  he  trusted  proved  indeed  a 
broken  reed ! 

"  He  was  overcome  with  terrors  and  excessive  passion  in  his  last 
illness.  After  one  of  his  fits  of  passion,  he  was  overheard  by  Sir 
Henry  Mildmay  complaining  to  himself,  and  saying,  'What  will 

215 


BOL 


BOL 


my  poor  soul  undergo  for  all  these  things?'  "—Dr.  W.,  in  Spence's 
Anecdotes. 

Alas,  indeed,  for  the  desolate  soul  which  in  that  trying 
hour  must  pass  through  the  valley  of  the  shadow  of  death, 
without  the  rod  and  the  staff  of  the  Shepherd,  the  strength 
of  the  Comforter,  and  the  fatherly  benediction  of  the  great 
Judge  of  all  the  earth  !  "  Enter  not  thou,  my  soul,  into 
their  secret;"  unto  their  assembly  "be  not  thou  united!" 
What  a  contrast  does  the  "inevitable  hour"  of  Bolingbroke 
and  that  of  Addison  present  to  our  consideration  ! 

Pope  had  no  hesitation  in  declaring  the  object  of  his 
admiration  to  be  the  first  writer,  as  well  as  the  greatest 
man,  of  his  age.  Many  interesting  records  of  his  enthu 
siasm  will  be  found  in  Spence's  Anecdotes.  Posterity  has 
not  endorsed  the  verdict  of  his  contemporaries.  In  his 
Letters  on  the  Study  and  Use  of  History,  and  those  on  Pa 
triotism  and  Idea  of  a  Patriot  King,  and  his  other  works, 
we  are  charmed  by  grace  of  composition  of  no  ordinary 
character  ;  but  when  we  seek  for  evidence  of  solid  judgment, 
and  the  results  of  dispassionate  ratiocination,  we  shall  find 
our  labour  is  vain.  To  quote  from  the  most  masterly 
analysis  with  which  we  are  acquainted  of  the  political  and 
literary  character  of  Saint-John, 

"  Bolingbroke's  abilities  were  exactly  of  that  stamp  which  astonish 
and  fascinate  those  who  come  into  personal  contact  with  their  pos 
sessor,  —  more  brilliant  than  solid,  —  more  showy  than  substantial. 
His  mind  was  not  a  profound  one  ;  but  what  it  wanted  in  this  re 
spect  was  atoned  for  by  its  readiness  and  acuteness.  He  seemed 
to  grasp  every  thing  by  intuition,  and  no  sooner  had  he  made  him 
self  master  of  a  proposition  or  an  argument,  than  his  astonishing 
memory  enabled  him  to  bring  forth  vast  stores  of  information  and 
illustration  at  a  moment's  warning.  Endowed  with  a  brilliant 
imagination,  —  a  prodigious  flow  of  words,  —  a  style  which  fascinates 
the  reader  by  the  incomparable  beauty  of  the  language  and  the 
bounding  elasticity  of  the  sentences,  and  an  extraordinary  power 
of  presenting  his  conceptions  in  the  clearest  light,  —  his  contempo 
raries  looked  upon  him  as  one  of  those  rare  beings  who  seem  to  be 
endowed  with  a  nature  superior  to  that  of  common  mortality,  and 
who  stoop  down  to  the  world  only  to  evince  their  mastery  of  all 
its  lore,  and  their  superiority  to  its  inhabitants.  But,  dazzled  as 
they  were  by  the  vast  surface  of  the  stream,  they  forgot  to  inquire 
into  its  depth.  We,  in  modern  times,  who  know  nothing  of  the 
artificial  splendour  with  which  a  '  form  excelling  human,'  —  a  man 
ner  that  seemed  given  to  sway  mankind,  —  and  a  most  dazzling 
style  of  conversation,  —  invested  the  name  of  Bolingbroke,  are  per 
haps  inclined,  by  the  exaggeration  of  the  praise  once  lavished  on 
him,  to  do  him  but  scanty  justice."  —  Cunningham's  Biog.  History. 

Pope  himself  admitted  that  there  might  be  a  limit  even 
to  the  genius  of  his  "  Saint-John,"  when  he  remarked 

"  If  ever  Bolingbroke  trifles,  it  must  be  when  he  turns  divine." 

Mr.  Warton  confirms  this  opinion  : 

"  When  Tully  attempted  poetry,  he  became  as  ridiculous  as  Bo 
lingbroke  when  he  attempted  philosophy  and  divinity;  we  look  in 
yaia  for  that  genius  which  produced  the  Dissertation  on  Parties, 
in  the  tedious  philosophical  works,  of  which  it  is  no  exaggerated 
satire  to  say  that  the  reason  of  them  is  sophistical  and  inconclu 
sive,  the  style  diffuse  and  verbose,  and  the  learning  seemingly  con 
tained  in  them  not  drawn  from  the  originals,  but  picked  up  and 
purloined  from  French  critics  and  translations."—  Warton'  s  Life 
of  Pope. 

Upon  the  general  merits  of  Bolingbroke  as  an  author, 
Dr.  Blair  has  some  very  judicious  remarks  : 

"  Among  English  writers  the  one  who  has  most  of  this  character 
[vehemence]  though  mixed  indeed,  with  several  defects,  is  Lord 
Bolingbroke.  Bolingbroke  was  formed  by  nature  to  be  a  factious 
leader  ;  the  demagogue  of  a  popular  assembly.  Accordingly  the 
style  that  runs  through  all  his  political  writings  is  that  of  one 
declaiming  with  heat,  rather  than  writing  with  deliberation.  He 
abounds  in  Rhetorical  Figures  ;  and  pours  himself  forth  with  great 
impetuosity.  He  is  copious  to  a  fault  ;  places  the  same  thought 
before  us  in  many  different  views,  but  generally  with  life  and  ar 
dour.  He  is  bold,  rather  than  correct  ;  a  torrent  that  flows  strong, 
but  often  madly.  His  sentences  are  varied  as  to  length  and  short 
ness;  inclining,  however,  most  to  long  periods,  sometimes  includ 
ing  parentheses,  and  frequently  crowding  and  heaping  a  multitude 
of  things  upon  one  another,  as  naturally  happens  in  the  warmth 
of  speaking.  In  the  choice  of  his  words,  there  is  great  felicity  and 
precision.  In  exact  construction  of  sentences,  he  is  nmch  inferior 
to  Lord  Shaftesbury,  but  greatly  superior  to  him  in  life  and  ease. 
Upon  the  whole,  his  merit  as  a  writer  would  have  been  very  con 
siderable,  if  his  matter  had  equalled  his  style.  But  whilst  we  find 
many  things  to  commend  in  the  latter,  in  the  former,  as  I  before 
remarked,  we  can  hardly  find  any  thing  to  commend.  In  his  rea 
sonings,  for  the  most  part,  he  is  flimsy  and  false;  in  his  political 
writings,  factious  ;  in  what  he  calls  his  philosophical  ones,  irreligious 
and  sophistical  in  tne.li'KK8*  degree.  ...  It  is  indeed  my  opinion 


.  .  ...  eed  my  opi 

that  there  are  tew  writings  in  the  English  language,  which,  for  the 
matter  contained  in  them,  can  be  read  with  less  profit  or  fruit, 
than  Lord  Bolingbroke's  works."—  Blair's  Lectures  on  Rhetoric  and 
BeUes  Lettrcs;  see  Lectures  12,  15,  19,  and  34 

«  He  appears  to  have  carried  into  his  closet  the  same  heat  and 
impetuosity  which  animated  his  soul  in  the  tumult  of  debate 
There  is  a  fire,  a  spirit  of  vivacity  in  the  composition  of  Boiin'ff- 
broke,  which,  when  accompanied,  as  is  occasionally  the  case  with 
perspicuity  and  ease,  must  give  him  rank  as  one  of  the  happiest 
models  of  the  vehement  style."  —  Drake't  Essays,  iv.  234. 

"  Viscount  Bolingbroke,  with  the  most  agreeable  talents  in  the 
world,  and  with  great  parts,  was  neither  happy  nor  successful. 
He  wrote  against  the  late  king,  who  had  forgiven  him  ;  against  Sir 
Robert  Walpole,  who  did  forgive  him  ;  against  the  Pretender  and 


the  clergy,  who  never  forgave  him.  He  is  one  of  our  best  writers; 
though  his  attacks  on  all  governments  and  all  religions  (neither 
of  which  views  he  cared  directly  to  own)  have  necessarily  involved 
his  style  in  a  want  of  perspicuity.  One  must  know  the  man  be 
fore  one  can  often  guess  his  meaning.  He  has  two  other  faults, 
which  one  should  not  expect  in  the  same  author ;  much  tautology 
and  great  want  of  connexion." — Walpole's  K.  and  .ZV.  Authors. 

"  He  wrote  against  Sir  Robert  Walpole  because  he  did  not  forgive 
him ;  and  because  he  prevented  his  being  restored  to  those  honourr 
which  he  wished  to  recover.  That  Sir  Kobert  was  implacable 
against  him,  appears  from  a  speech  which  he  made  in  the  House, 
and  which  he  concluded  with  the  following  imprecation — 'May 
his  attainder  never  be  reversed,  and  may  his  crimes  never  be  forgot 
ten  !'  "—Monthly  Rev.,  xxix.  367 ;  Park's  Walpole 's  R.  and  N.  AuUiors. 

"Lord  Bolingbroke  had  early  made  himself  master  of  men  and 
books :  but  in  his  first  career  of  life,  being  immersed  at  once  in 
business  and  pleasure,  he  ran  through  a  variety  of  scenes  in  a  sur 
prising  manner.  When  his  passions  subsided  by  years  and  disap 
pointments,  and  when  he  improved  his  rational  faculties  by  more 
grave  studies  and  reflection,  he  shone  out  in  his  retirement  with 
a  lustre  peculiar  to  himself,  though  not  seen  by  vulgar  eyes.  The 
gay  statesman  was  changed  into  a  philosopher  equal  to  any  of  the 
sages  of  antiquity.  The  wisdom  of  Socrates,  the  dignity  and  ease 
of  Pliny,  and  the  wit  of  Horace,  appeared  in  all  his  writings  and 
conversations." — EARL  OF  ORRERY  :  Memoirs  of  Dean  Swift. 

"  The  name  of  Bolingbroke  has  been  rapturously  lauded  by  Smol 
lett  and  Belsham,  while  his  infidel  reveries  have  been  ably  refuted 
by  Warburton  and  Leland.  Lord  Walpole,  who  knew  him  well, 
calls  him  a  wicked  impostor  and  a  charlatan." — Park's  Walpole's 
R.  and  N.  Authors. 

See  Life  by  Goldsmith  in  edit.  1809;  Biog.  Brit. ;  Swift's 
Works;  Pope's  Works,  by  Bowles;  Coxe's  Walpole;  Ly- 
sons's  Environs,  vol.  i. ;  Chesterfield's  Memoirs  and  Letters  ; 
Warburton's  Letters  to  Kurd;  Chalmers's  Biog.  Diet.; 
Memoirs  of  Lord  B.,  by  G.  W.  Cooke,  Lon.,  1835,  2  vols.  8vo. 

Warburton,  who  defended  the  memory  of  Pope  against 
the  attacks  of  Mallet,  (Bolingbroke?)  felt  it  incumbent 
upon  him  as  a  divine  to  take  up  the  lance  in  championship 
of  those  sacred  truths  which  his  lordship's  Essays  so  ruth 
lessly  assailed.  His  View  of  Lord  Bolingbroke's  Philoso 
phy,  in  two  Letters  to  a  Friend,  1754,  '55,  would  have  been 
ill  brooked  by  the  noble  author  had  it  appeared  in  his 
lifetime.  The  many  absurdities  into  which  his  lordship's 
eagerness  to  attack  the  truth  caused  him  to  fall,  will  be 
seen  by  reference  to  a  book  which  should  be  in  every  theo 
logical  library— Leland's  View  of  Deistical  Writers.  With 
talents  so  well  qualified  to  benefit  his  race,  it  is  a  melan 
choly  reflection  that  the  gifted  Bolingbroke  lived  a  worse 
than  useless  life,  and  that  of  him  it  could  not  be  said, 
"  There  was  hope  in  his  latter  end !" 

Bolingbroke,  Henry.  A  Voyage  to  the  Demerary, 
Lon.,  1807,  4to. 

"  The  book  of  a  very  ingenious  man." — Lon.  Quarterly  Review. 

Bollan,  William,  d.  1776,  agent  of  Massachusetts 
in  Great  Britain,  was  born  in  England.  He  pub.  a  num 
ber  of  political  tracts,  among  which  were,  Importance  of 
Cape  Breton  truly  illustrated,  Lon.,  1746.  Colonise  Angli- 
canse  Illustratse,  1762.  A  Petition  to  the  Houses  of  Parlia 
ment,  Ac.,  as  agent  for  Massachusetts,  1774.  See  Allen's 
Amer.  Biog.  Diet. 

Holland,  William,  Barrister  at  Law.  Miracles,1798, 
4to.  The  Epiphany,  1799,  4to.  St.  Paul  at  Athens,1799,4to. 

Bollard,  Richard.  Observations,  <fcc.  in  Churchill's 
Voyages,  vol.  iv.,  p.  846,  1716. 

Bolnest,Edward,M.D.  Profess.works,Lon.,1665-72. 

Bolron,  R.     Treatise  against  Papists,  Lon.,  1680,  fol. 

Bolton,  Cornelius  Winter,  b.  1819  at  Bath,  Bug. 
Grandson  of  the  distinguished  divine,  the  Rev.  Wm.  Jay. 
Closet  Companion,  1853.  Shepherd's  Call.  Sunday-School 
Prayer  Book.  Tender  Grass  for  Little  Lambs,  1854.  Ed. 
Jay's  Female  Scripture  Characters.  Jay's  Autobiography 
and  Reminiscences,  1854. 

Bolton,  or  Boulton,  Edmund,  an  historical  and 
antiquarian  writer  of  the  17th  century.  Life  of  Henry 
II.;  The  Elements  of  Armories,  Lon.,  1610,  4to. 

"  Written  in  a  very  pedantic  style ;  but  many  curious  examples 
are  brought  forward,  and  illustrated  by  wood-cuts  spiritedly  exe 
cuted." 

Nero  Caesar,  or  Monarchic  Depraued,  Lon.,  1624,  fol. 
Hypercritica,  or  a  Rule  of  Judgment  for  writing  or  read 
ing  our  Histories,  pub.  by  Dr.  Hall  at  the  end  of  Trivet's 
Annals,  Oxon.,  1722,  8vo. 

"  A  highly-esteemed  and  sensible  treatise." 

"  A  considerable  person,  and  a  very  learned  man." — DR.  ANTHONY 
HALL. 

Bolton,  George.    A  work  on  Fire  Arms. 

Bolton,  George.    Prac.  of  Crim.  Courts,  1835, 12mo. 

Bolton,  James.  Filices  Britannicss,  Leeds  <fc  Hud., 
1785-90,  4to.  A  Hist,  of  British  proper  Ferns,  <fec.,  1795, 
8vo.  Fungusses  about  Halifax,  Lon.,  1788-91,  4  vols.  4to. 
Plants  of  Halifax :  in  Watson's  Hist.  Parish  of  Halifax, 
Lon.,  1775,  4to.  Natural  History  of  British  Song  Birds, 
Lon.,  1794-96,  2  vols.  4to. 


BOL 

Uolton,  John.  Life  of  Chris.Cartwright,Lon.,1610,4to. 

Bolton,  Sir  Richard.  Statutes  of  Ireland,  Dubl., 
]  621,  fol.  Justice  of  Peace  for  Ireland,  Dubl.,  1683,  fol. 
New  edit,  enlarged  and  corrected  by  Michael  Trovers, 
1750,  4to. 

Bolton,  Robert,  1572-1631,  an  eminent  Puritan  di 
vine  and  excellent  scholar,  was  educated  at  the  colleges  of 
Lincoln  and  Brasenose,  Oxford.  A  Discourse  on  Happi 
ness,  Lon.,  1611,  4to;  six  edits,  in  the  author's  lifetime. 
Instructions  relative  to  afflicted  consciences,  1631,  4to. 
Helpes  to  Humiliation,  Oxf.,  1631,  8vo.  Of  the  Four  Last 
Things,  Death,  Judgment,  Heaven,  and  Hell,  Lon.,  1633, 
4to.  Devout  Prayers,  1638,  8vo. 

"  He  was  a  painful  and  a  constant  preacher,  a  person  of  great 
zeal  towards  God  in  his  profession,  charitable  and  bountiful,  but 
above  all.  a  reliever  of  afflicted  consciences,  which  he  acquired  by 
that  manifold  experience  which  he  had  in  himself  and  others;  and 
grew  so  famous  for  it,  that  he  was  sought  to  far  and  near,  and  di 
vers  beyond  the  seas  desired  his  resolution  in  several  cases  of  con 
science." — Athen.  Oxon. 

"  He  is  excellent  both  for  conviction  and  consolation.  His  style 
is  rather  inclined  to  the  bombast,  yet  many  expressions  are  truly 
great  and  magnificent." — DR.  DODDRIDGE. 

"  The  excellent  Robert  Bolton  could  to  his  comfort  on  his  death 
bed  profess  that  he  never  in  his  sermons  taught  any  thing  but 
what  he  had  first  sought  to  work  on  his  own  heart.  An  awaken 
ing  and  comforting  writer." — BICKERSTETH. 

"  His  Four  Last  Things  displays  great  beauties  of  imagination." 
— DR.  WILLIAMS. 

Bolton,  Robert,  1697-1763,  Dean  of  Carlisle,  was 
educated  at  Wadham  College,  Oxford.  He  pub.  some  let 
ters  to  a  lady  and  to  an  officer  against  card-playing  and 
travelling  on  the  Lord's  Day,  1748-57,  8vo.  The  Employ 
ment  of  Time,  1750,  8vo.  The  Ghost  of  Ernest,  1757,  8vo. 
Letters  and  Tracts  on  the  Choice  of  Company,<fcc.,1761,Svo. 

"  Each  of  the  above  performances  contains  good  sense,  learning, 
philanthropy,  and  religion,  and  each  of  them  is  calculated  for 
the  advantage  of  society." 

Bolton,  Samuel,  1606-1654,  a  Puritan  divine,  was 
educated  at  Cambridge.  True  Bounds  of  Christian  Free 
dom,  Lon.,  1643,  12mo. 

"  A  most  excellent  work,  containing  much  doctrinal  and  experi 
mental  truth." — LOWNDES. 

A  Guard  of  the  Tree  of  Life,  Lon.,  1647,  12mo.  The 
Arraignment  of  Error,  1646,  4to ;  other  works. 

Bolton,  Sarah  T.,  a  native  and  resident  of  Ohio, 
has  contributed  to  the  Home  Journal  in  New  York,  The 
Herald  of  Truth  in  Cincinnati,  and  to  other  periodicals. 
Her  poetical  tribute  to  Professor  Morse  is  creditable  alike 
to  the  poetess  and  her  subject. 

"  Thought  and  feeling  stamp  her  verses  with  the  mark  of  sin 
cerity  and  earnestness." — Woman's  Record. 

Bolton,  Solomon.  Extinct  Peerage  of  England, 
from  the  Conquest  to  1769,  Lon.,  1769,  8vo.  This  is  a  work 
of  considerable  value.  Geographia  Antiqua  delineata, 
1775,  4to. 

BoIton,Theoph.,Archbp.  of  Cashel.  Serm.,1721,8vo. 

Bolton,  William.     Sermons,  1683,  4to,  etc. 

Bolts,  William.  Consid.  on  Indian  Affairs ;  parts 
1  and  2;  3  vols.  4to,  Lon.,  1772-75. 

Bompass,  C.  C.  Light,  Heat,  &  Electricity.  18l7,8vo. 

Bonar,  Andrew  A.  A  Commentary  on  Leviticus, 
expos,  and  prac.,  with  crit.  notes,  2d  ed.  Lon.,  1847, 12m<j. 

Bonar,  Archibald.     Sermons,  2  vols.,  1815-17, 8vo. 

Bonar,  Horatius.  Coming  of  the  Kingdom  of  the 
Lord  Jesus,  Lon.,  1849,  8vo.  Night  of  "Weeping,  18mo. 
Morning  of  Joy,  18mo.  Other  works.  Introduc.  and  Notes 
to  Brief  Thoughts  concerning  the  Gospel. 

"The  value  of  the  work  consists  in  the  clear  and  scriptural  light 
which  it  throws  on  the  Gospel  plan  of  salvation."— Scottish  Guardian. 

"  God  has  signally  blessed  it  both  for  the  guidance  of  the  in 
quiring  sinner  and  for  the  comfort  of  the  troubled  mind."— North- 
trn  Warder. 

Bonar,James.  Greek  Prepositions.  Ed.Phil.Trans., 
1805. 

Bonar,  John.  Obs.  on  the  Conduct  and  Character 
of  Judas  Iscariot,  1751,  8vo,  (anony.) 

"  This  anonymous  pamphlet  displays  very  considerable  acute- 
ness,  and  is  not  unworthy  to  be  placed  by  the  side  of  Lord  Lyttle- 
ton  on  the  Conversion  of  St.  Paul,  and  Shaw  on  the  Advice  of  Ga 
maliel." — ORME. 

An  Analysis  of  the  Moral  and  Religious  Sentiments  of 
Lord  Kames  and  David  Hume,  1755,  8vo. 

"  Mr.  Bonar  was  a  pious  and  superior  man." 

Bonar,  John.  Eccles.  Constit.  in  Scotland,  1779,12mo. 

Bonar,  or  Bonnar,  John.  Advantages  of  the  In 
sular  sit.  of  G.  Britain :  a  serm.  on  Neh.  iii.  8,  1773,  4to. 

Bond,  A.     Life  of  Pliny  Fis*,  1828,  12mo. 

"  A  very  profitable  missionary  work." — BICKERSTETH 

Bond,  Daniel,  vicar  of  Lye,  Gloucestershire.  Ser 
mons,  1729,  8vo. 

Bond,  Eliz.,  of  Fortrose.  Letters  of  a  Village  Go 
verness,  2  vols.  8vo,  1814. 


BON 

Bond,  George  Phillips,  A.M.,  son  of  Wm.  Cranch 
Bond,  b.  1825,  Dorchester,  Mass.,  grad.  Harvard  Coll., 
1845.  Mathematical  Memoirs  upon  Mechanical  Quadra- 
tions ;  on  the  Method  of  Least  Squares ;  the  Construction 
of  the  Rings  of  Saturn, — in  which  their  fluid  nature  was 
first  established;  articles  upon  the  Nebula  of  Andromeda; 
Elements  of  the  Orbits  of  Hyperion  and  the  Satellite  of 
Neptune,  and  of  various  Comets ;  on  Stellar  Photography, 
Ac.  He  participated  in  the  discovery  of  Hyperion,  the  new 
ring  of  Saturn,  &c.  He  occupies  a  high  position  in  America 
and  Europe  as  an  accurate  and  assiduous  observer. 

Bond,  Henry,  a  mathematician  of  London  in  the 
17th  century.  A  Treatise  on  the  Longitude,  Lon.,  1676, 
fol.  Con.  on  the  Magnetic  Needle  to  Phil.  Trans.,  1668-73. 

Bond,  Henry,  Vicar  of  Cowley,  Gloucestershire. 
Three  Discourses,  1711,  8vo.  Two  Sermons,  12mo. 

Bond,  Henry,  M.D.,  b.  1790,  at  Watertown,  Mass.; 
grad.  Dartmouth  Coll.,  1813;  settled  in  Phila.,  1819. 
Watertown  Family  Memorials,  with  Illustrations,  Maps, 
and  Notes,  Bosk,  2  vols.  8vo,  pp.  1100,  1856.  Highly 
commended  by  B.  J.  Lossing,  S.  G.  Drake,  N.  Frothing- 
ham,  Ac.  Dr.  B.  has  also  contrib.  many  valuable  papers 
to  the  med.  journals. 

Bond,  J.,  of  Gray's  Inn.  A  Complete  Guide  for  Jus 
tices  of  the  Peace ;  3d  edit.,  Lon.,  1707,  8vo. 

Bond,  J.  Wesley,  b.  at  Harrisburg,  Penna.,  1824. 
Minnesota  and  its  Resources,  N.Y.,  1854,  12mo. 

"It  contains  notices  of  the  early  history  of  the  country,  of  its 
geographical  features,  its  agricultural  advantages,  its  manufactures, 
commerce,  facilities  for  travelling,  the  character  of  its  inhabitants, 
— every  thing,  indeed,  to  illustrate  its  resources  and  its  prospects." 

Bond,  John,  1550-1612,  a  native  of  Somersetshire, 
was  educated  at  Winchester  School  and  at  New  College, 
Oxford.  In  1573  he  took  the  degree  of  B.A. ;  in  1579, 
M.A. ;  and  soon  afterwards  was  appointed  master  of  the 
free-school  of  Taunton.  Several  of  his  scholars  rose  to 
distinction  in  Church  and  State.  Annotationes  in  Poemata 
Quinti  Horatii,  Lon.,  1606,  8vo ;  Han.,  1621,  8vo ;  Leyden, 
1653,  8vo;  best  edit.,  Amst.,  1686,  12mo.  Many  of  the 
notes  are  extracted  from  Lambinus.  After  his  death,  his 
son-in-law,  Roger  Prowse,  pub.  a  work  of  Bond's  entitled 
Auli  Persi  Flacci  Satyrae  sex,  cum  Posthumis  Cornmenta- 
riis  Johannis  Bond,  1614,  8vo. 

Bond,  John,  LL.D.,  d.  1676,  a  native  of  Dorchester, 
and  educated  at  Catherine  Hall,  Cambridge,  was  preacher 
to  the  Long  Parliament,  minister  of  the  Savoy,  master  of 
Trinity  Hall,  Cambridge,  and  Professor  of  Law  at  Gre- 
sham  College.  A  Door  of  Hope,  Lon.,  1641,  4to.  Holy 
and  Loyal  Activity,  Lon.,  1641,  4to.  Sermon  preached  at 
Exeter,  Lon.,  1643,  4to,  and  some  other  discourses.  Dr. 
Bond  does  not  seem  to  have  been  much  of  a  favourite  with 
that  stout  Loyalist  and  strict  Churchman,  the  never-to-be- 
forgotten  old  Anthony  Wood. 

"  This  J.  Bond,  by  the  way,  you  must  know  being  scarce  warm 
in  the  pulpit,  but  he  began  to  threaten  heaven  with  some  of  his 
divinity.  ...  In  all  which  sermons,  as  in  others  which  he  deli 
vered  in  London  and  Westminster,  are  contained  many  strange 
positions,  rebellious  doctrines,  religious  cantings,  and  I  know  not 
what.  .  .  .  These  things  I  thought  fit  to  let  the  reader  know,  that 
posterity  may  distinguish  between  the  said  two  Bonds,  [see  BOND, 
JOHN,  ante,']  the  first  a  polite  and  rare  critic,  whose  labours  have 
advanced  the  commonwealth  of  learning  very  much,  and  the 
other  an  impudent,  canting,  and  blasphemous  person,  who,  by 
his  doctrine,  did  lead  people  to  rebellion,  advanced  the  cause  of 
Satan  much,  and  in  fine  by  his,  and  the  endeavours  of  his  bre 
thren,  brought  all  things  to  ruin,  merely  to  advance  their  unsa- 
tiable  and  ambitious  desires.  .  .  .  His  father,  Dennis  Bond,  shewed 
himself  a  devotee  to  Oliver's  interest.  On  the  30th  of  Aug.,  1658, 
being  then  Monday,  and  the  windiest  day  that  had  before  hap 
pened  for  20  years,  he  paid  his  last  debt  to  nature,  being  then 
tormented  with  the  strangury,  and  much  anxiety  of  spirit.  At 
which  time,  as  the  then  vulgar  talk  was,  the  devil  came  to  take 
away  Oliv.  Cromwell,  who  then  lay  on  his  death-bed,  but  being 
not  prepared  for  him,  he  gave  Bond  for  his  future  appearance,  and 
accordingly  on  Friday  following,  being  the  3d  of  Sept.,  he  made 
good  his  promise." — Athen.  Oxon. 

Anthony  Wood's  opinions  of  republicans  and  Dissenters 
are,  however,  to  be  taken  cum  grano  satis. 

Bond,  John.  King  Charles,  his  Welcome  Home, 
Lon.,  1641,  4to.  A  Whip  for  the  Judges,  Bishops,  and 
Papists,  Ac.,  Lon.,  1641.  The  Downfal  of  the  old  Com 
mon  Council-Men,  Lon.,  1641.  The  Poet's  Recantation, 
Lon.,- 1642,  4to.  England's  Reioycing  for  the  Parlia 
ment's  Retvrne,  Lon.,  1641,  4to. 

"  I  take  this  John  Bond  to  be  different  from  the  other  John  fsee 
above,]  who  was  a  Presbyterian  and  afterwards  an  Independent." 
— Athen.  Oxon. 


Bond,  John,  M.D.  Med.  Works,  Lon.  and  Edin., 
1751-53. 

Bond,  John.  The  Sennacherib  of  Modern  Times, 
or  Bonaparte  an  Instrument  in  the  hand  of  Providence, 
1807,  8vo. 

217 


BON 


BON 


Bond,  R.    Poems,  Divine  and  Moral,  Lon.,  1769,  4to. 

"The  divine  poems  in  this  pamphlet  are  a  paraphrase  of  the 
Te  Deum,  of  Agur's*  Poem,  of  the  15th  Psalm,  and  of  the  100th 
Psalm ;  an  Address  to  the  Almighty,  The  Happy  Man,  a  Morning 
Thought,  and  a  Soliloquy." — Lon.  Month.  Rev.,  1769.  ' 

Bond,  Rev.  Robert.     Golden  Maxims,  N.Y.,  32mo. 

Bond,  Thomas,  M.D.,  1712-1784,  a  native  of  Mary 
land,  commenced  the  practice  of  medicine  in  Philadelphia 
about  1734  He  delivered  the  first  Clinical  Lectures  in 
the  Pennsylvania  Hospital.  He  was  a  member  of  a  lite 
rary  society  composed  of  Franklin,  Bartram,  Godfrey, 
and  others,  and  was  an  officer  of  the  American  Philo 
sophical  Society  from  its  commencement.  He  contributed 
to  the  London  Med.  Obs.  and  Inquiries.  1.  An  Account 
of  an  Immense  Worm  bred  in  the  Liver,  p.  67,  1755.  2. 
On  the  Use  of  Peruvian  Bark  in  Scrofulous  Cases,  ii.  p.  65. 

Bond,  Thomas  E.,  M.D.,  Prof,  of  Special  Patho 
logy,  &c.  Baltimore  Coll.  of  Dental  Surgery.  Practical 
Treatise  on  Dental  Medicine,  Phila.,  1851,  8vo. 

Bond,  William,  d.  1735,  a  native  of  Suffolk,  was 
concerned  with  Aaron  Hill  in  the  authorship  of  The  Plain- 
Dealer  ;  a  periodical,  collected  into  2  vols.  8vo.  He  trans. 
Buchanan's  History,  and  edited  The  Supernatural  Philo 
sophy,  or  The  Mysteries  of  Magic,  [Defoe's  Life  of  Dun 
can  Campbell,  with  a  new  title-page,]  2d  edit.,  Lon.,  1728, 
8vo.  He  also  revised,  altered,  and  produced  The  Tuscan 
Treaty,  or  Tarquin's  Overthrow;  a  Play,  1733,  8vo. 

Bond,  William.    Visitation  Sermon,  1801,  4to. 

Bond,  William  Cranch,  M.A.,  an  eminent  Ame 
rican  astronomer,  b.  1789,  Portland,  Maine,  Director  of 
Astronomical  Observatory  of  Harvard  Coll.  At  an  early 
age  he  learned  the  business  of  watchmaking.  His  atten 
tion  was  first  attracted  to  astronomy  by  an  eclipse  which 
occurred  in  1806.  He  was  one  of  the  earliest  American 
discoverers  of  the  comet  of  1811.  In  1838,  he  was  app.  by 
the  U.S.  Navy  Dept.  to  prosecute  a  series  of  observations 
in  connexion  with  the  U.S.  Exploring  Exp.  in  command 
of  Capt.  Wilkes ;  app.  Astron.  Observer  to  Univ.  in  1840. 
Annals  of  Astronomical  Observatory  of  Harvard  College : 
vol.  i.,  Pt.  1,  Cambridge,  1856,  4to,  pp.  191  ;  vol.  i.,  Pt.  2, 
1855,  4to,  pp.  404.  This  part  contains  his  own  catalogue, 
—5500  stars  situated  between  the  Equator  and  0°  20' 
North  Declination.  Celestial  photography  was  by  him 
first  recognised  as  a  possible  art  and  conducted  through 
its  earliest  stages.  The  connection  of  the  sidereal  clock 
with  the  galvanic  circuit  was  first  used  by  Mr.  B.  in  re 
cording  astronomical  observations.  He  is  a  member  of  the 
leading  scientific  societies  of  Europe  and  America. 

Bonde,  Cunelgus.     Scutum  Regale,  Lon.,  1660. 

Bonde,  William.  De  Julii  Clovii  clari  admodum 
Pictoris  Operibus,  (Londini,)  1733,  fol.  A  work  of  great 
rarity. 

Bone,  John.  Poor's  Rates,  Lon.,  1805,  8vo.  Tran 
quillity,  Ac.,  1806,  8vo.  Wants  of  the  People,  1807,  8vo. 

Bone,  S.  V.  Precedents  in  Conveyancing,  adapted 
to  the  Present  State  of  the  Law;  illustrated  with  Notes  by 
T.  G.  Western,  1841,  4  vols.  8vo. 

"  Mr.  Bone's  work  possesses  three  very  commendable  features,— 
simplicity  of  design,  adherence  thereto,  and  scrupulous  honesty 
in  acknowledgment  of  authorities."  See  Marvin's  Legal  Bibl . 

Bones,  James.     Con.  to  Phil.  Trans.,  1762. 

Bonham,  Thomas.  The  Chirurgeon's  Closet  Fur 
nished  with  Remedies,  Lon.,  1630,  4to. 

Bonhome,  Richard.     Sermon,  &c.,  1675-79. 

Bonhote,  Eliz.    Novels,  &c.,  Lon.,  1788-99. 

Bouhote,P.L.D.  Logarithm  Tables,  Lon.,  1805, 8vo. 

Boniface,  Saint,  the  apostle  of  Germany,  b.  about 
680,  d.  755,  was  a  native  of  Crediton,  Devonshire,  and 
originally  named  Winfrid.  He  laboured  with  great  zeal 
in  Germany  and  France,  and  was  raised  to  the  archiepis- 
copal  dignity — the  see  of  Mentz  being  made  metropolitan 
for  him— in  738.  Opera  a  Nicolao  Serrario  Mogunt,  1605, 
4to.  Epistolee  Mogunt,  1629,  4to.  Passio,  Gr.  Lat.,  Lut. 
Par.,  1680,  8vo.  His  Letters  are  the  most  important  of 
his  literary  remains. 

Bonnar,  John.     See  BONAR. 

Bonnel,  or  Bonnell,  James,  1653-1699,  a  son  of 
Samuel  Bonnell,  an  English  merchant,  b.  at  Genoa,  where 
his  father  resided  for  some  time.  James  was  educated  at 
Catherine  Hall,  Cambridge.  He  became  very  eminent  for 
learning  and  piety.  He  wrote  some  Meditations  and 
Prayers,  inserted  in  his  Life,  and  he  pub.  a  Harmony  of 
the  Gospels  written  by  another  hand,  "  improved  by  T.  B. 
for  his  own  use,"  Lon.,  1705,  8vo.  See  his  Life  and  Cha 
racter  by  W.  Hamilton,  Archdn.  of  Armagh,  with  Funeral 
Sermon  by  the  Bp.  of  Killmore  and  Ardagh,  Lon.,  1703 
8vo;  5th  edit,  Lon.,  1807. 
"Such  a  character  may  perhaps  be  overlooked  by  some,  be 


cause  there  is  nothing  remarkably  striking  in  it.  But  the  man 
who  is  uniformly  good,  and  that  to  such  a  degree  as  Mr.  Bonnell 
was,  ought  to  stand  high  in  our  opinion,  and  to  be  esteemed — what 
he  certainly  was — a  great  man." — GRANGER. 

Bonnell,  George.    Wool  Manufacture,  1759,  4to. 

Bonner,  or  Boner,  Edmund,  d.  1569,  consecrated 
Bishop  of  London,  April  4,  1540,  was  the  son  of  a  "  poor 
honest  man"  of  Hanley,  Worcestershire.  He  was  educated 
at  Broadgate's  Hall,  (afterwards  Pembroke  College,)  Oxford, 
and  took  his  doctor's  degree  in  1525.  His  subsequent  his 
tory  is  well  known.  Articles  (37)  to  be  inquired  of  in  the 
General  Visitation  of  Edmund,  Bishop  of  London,  1554, 
<fec.  Reprinted  in  Burnet's  History  of  the  Reformation. 

"To  ridicule  them,  John  Bale,  Bishop  of  Ossory,  wrote  a  book 
entitled  A  Declaration  of  Edmund  Bonner's  Articles  concerning 
the  Clergy  of  London  Diocese,  whereby  that  execrable  antichrist 
is  in  his  right  colours  revealed,  1554,  8vo." 

A  Profitable  and  Necessary  Doctrine,  <fcc.,  Lon.,  1554- 
55,  4to. 

"This  Catechism  is  said  to  have  been  composed  by  his  chap 
lains,  [John  Harpesfield  and  Henry  Pendleton,]  and  to  be  taken  out 
of  the  Institution  of  a  Christian  Man,  set  out  by  K.  Hen.  8,  only 
varied  in  some  points." 

For  a  list  of  Bonner's  treatises,  <fcc.,  see  Watt's  BibU 
Brit.  Works,  printed  by  J.  Cawood,  Lon.,  4to,  sine  anno. 

In  1842  appeared  Life  and  Defence  of  the  Conduct  and 
Principles  of  the  Venerable  and  Calumniated  Bishop  Bon 
ner,  &c.,  by  a  Tractarian  British  Critic,  (Prebendary 
Tremyard,)  Lon.,  8vo. 

"  This  ironical  life  and  defence  of  Bishop  Bonner  is  an  exposure 
of  the  Romish  tendency  of  the  Oxford  Tracts,  and  is  written 
•throughout  with  ability  and  learning.  There  is  no  doubt  that  the 
author  has  damaged  the  party  he  has  attacked." — Lon.  Athen. 

Bonner,  J.  Copperplate  Perspective  Itinerary,  Pts.  1 
and  2,  1799. 

Bonner,  James.  Med.  treatises,  &c.,  Lon.,  1795-1818. 

Bonner,  John,  b.  1828,  at  Quebec,  resides  in  N.Y. 
City.  Child's  Hist,  of  the  United  States,  N.Y.,  2  vols.  16mo. 

"This  American  history  is  freely  written,  and  contains  a  fair 
account  of  the  settlement  in  America  of  the  early  Puritans,  of  their 
trials  and  misfortunes,  and  of  their  after  prosperity  and  liberty." — 
Lon.  Athen. 

Child's  History  of  Rome;  do.  Greece,  Ac.  Registry 
Laws  of  Canada.  The  Old  Rggime  and  the  Revolution  ; 
from  the  French  of  De  Tocqueville.  Mr.  B.  intends  com 
pleting  his  series  of  Child's  Histories.  Is  the  editor  of  Har 
per's  Weekly,  and  one  of  the  editors  of  N.Y.  Herald,  (1858.) 

Bonner,  Richard.  Treatise  on  the  Eucharist,  Lon., 
1548,  8vo. 

Bonnet,  John,  Surgeon.    Con.  to  Phil.  Trans.,  1724. 

Bonney,  Thomas.     Sermon,  Lon.,  1763,  4to. 

Bonnor,  C.     Institution  for  the  Blind,  1810. 

Bonnor,  Charles.  Pamphlets  relative  to  Mr.  Pal 
mer,  1797-1800.  Trans,  of  The  Manager  and  Actor,  1784. 
The  Picture  of  Paris,  1790. 

Bonnor,  T.  Views  of  Gloucester  Cathedral,  1796- 
1815,  8vo.  Views  of  Goodrich  Castle,  1798-1815,  8vo. 

Bonny,  Henry  Kaye,  D.D.  Life  of  Jeremy  Taylor, 
D.D.,  1818,  8vo.  Mem.  of  T.  F.  Middleton,  <fcc.,  Oundle, 
1821,  8vo.  Blessings  of  Peace  secured  by  Piety,  Ac. 

Bonnycastle,  Charles,  d.  1840,  son  of  the  follow 
ing.  Treatise  on  Inductive  Geometry.  Several  memoirs 
on  scientific  subjects. 

Bonnycastle,  John,  d.  1821,  an  eminent  mathe 
matical  writer,  pub.  a  number  of  works,  Lon.,  1780-1813. 
An  Introduction  to  Mensuration,  &c.,  1782;  to  Algebra, 
1783;  to  Astronomy,  1786.  Elements  of  Geometry,  1789. 
Treatise  on  Trigonometry,  1806;  on  Arithmetic,  1810;  on 
Algebra,  1813,  2  vols.  Trans.  Bossut's  Hist.  Mathematics. 

Bonnycastle, R.H.  Spanish  America,1818,2vols.8vo. 

Bonnycastle,  Lieut. -Col.  Sir  Richard.  The 
Canadas  in  1841,  2  vols.  8vo.  Canada  and  the  Canadians 
in  1846,  2  vols.  8vo. 

"  There  is  excellent  advice,  as  well  as  information  of  a  practical 
kind,  which  ought  to  be  treasured  up  by  the  intending  emigrant." 
— London  Morning  Chronicle. 

Newfoundland  in  1842,  2  vols.  8vo. 

"  Published  under  the  sanction  of  the  British  Government,  and 
comprises  a  full  account  of  this  most  important  colony." — Lon. 
Athen. 

Bonoeil,  John.  Silk- Worms inVirginia,Lon.,1622,4to. 

Bonomi,  J.  Nineveh  and  its  Palaces  :  the  Discoveries 
of  Botta  and  Layard  applied  to  the  Elucidation  of  Holy 
Writ;  with  nearly  250  woodcuts,  Lon.,  1852,  8vo.  This 
valuable  volume  contains  contributions  from  Dr.  Lepsius, 
Dr.  Grotefend,  Mr.  S.  Sharpe,  <fcc. 

Bonwell,  James.  Sermons  on  the  Catholic  Church, 
Lon.,  1843,  8vo. 

Bonwicke,  Ambrose,  b.  1652,  a  Non-juring  divine, 
a  schoolmaster,  and  a  man  of  most  exemplary  piety,  wrote 
a  life  of  his  son  of  both  his  names;  Pattern  for  Young 


BOO 


BOR 


Students  in  the  University,  and  which  was  not  pub.  until 
1729,  Lon.  Svo.  Bowyer  pub.  this  volume,  and  added  a 
preface  to  it. 

Booker,Daniel.  Beauties  of  the  Mass,Lon.,1746,Svo. 

Booker,  John,  1601-1667,  an  astrologer  and  fortune 
teller,  pub.  A  Cable  Rope,  1664,  4to.  Tractatus  Paschalis, 
1664,  8vo.  The  Dutch  Fortune-Teller  brought  into  Eng 
land,  1667,  fol. ;  The  Bloody  Irish  Almanac,  1646,  4to  ; 
The  Bloody  Almanac,  1643,  4to.  Booker  seems  to  have 
had  a  most  sanguinary  taste  in  titles. 

"  He  had  a  curious  fancy  in  judging  of  thefts,  and  was  as  suc 
cessful  in  resolving  love  questions."— LILLY,  the  Astrologer. 

Booker,  Luke,  1762-1836,  Rector  of  Tedstone-de-la- 
Mere,  1806,  and  of  Dudley,  1812,  pub.  a  number  of  theo- 
log.  and  other  works.  Lectures  on  the  Lord's  Prayer. 

"  This  volume  contains  a  series  of  highly  instructive  discourses 
on  the  several  petitions  contained  in  the  Lord's  Prayer." — London 
Monthly  Critical  Gazette. 

Sermons  on  various  Subjects,  intended  to  promote  Chris 
tian  Knowledge  and  Human  Happiness,  Dudley,  1793,  8vo. 
Historical  Account  of  Dudley  Castle,  8vo. 

Booker,  More.  Serm.  at  the  Funeral  of  the  Countess 
of  Drogheda,  1756,  8vo. 

Bookey,  Sacheverell.     Sermon.  1739,  4to. 

Boole,  George.  Investigation  of  the  Laws  of  Thought. 
Lon.,  8vo.  Mathematical  Analysis  of  Logic,  1847,  8vo. 

Boone,  T.  C.  Book  of  Churches  and  Sects,  Lon., 
1826,  8vo.  Marriage  Looking- Glass,  1848,  8vo. 

"  An  exceedingly  interesting  work,  including  some  valuable 
Opinions  of  esteemed  writers  relative  to  Married  Life,  &c." 

Outlines  of  Man's  True  Interest,  1844,  12mo.  Sketches 
from  Life  in  verse,  12mo. 

Boone,  Daniel,  b.  about  1730,  d.  1820,  one  of  the 
earliest  settlers  of  Kentucky,  celebrated  for  his  adventures, 
drew  up  an  account  of  his  life,  which  was  pub.  in  Filson's 
Supplement  to  Imlay's  Description  of  the  Western  Terri 
tory,  1793. 

Boorde,  Andrew.     See  BORDE. 

Boorman,  N.  Trans,  of  Hesse's  Government  of  all 
Estates  ;  sine  anno,  16mo. 

Boote,  Richard,  d.  1782.    Legal  Treatises,  1766-91. 

Booth,  A.  Examen  Legum  Anglise,  or  the,  Laws  of 
England  examined  by  Scripture,  Antiquity,  and  Reason, 
1656,  4to. 

Booth,  Abraham,  1734-1806,  pastor  of  a  congrega 
tion  of  Particular  Baptists  in  London,  from  1769  until  his 
death.  Paedo-Baptism  Examined,  1784,  2  vols.  12mo;  an 
edit,  with  additions,  1829,  4  vols.  8vo. 

"  An  elaborate  work,  published  under  the  superintendence  of 
the  committee  of  the  Baptist  Fund ;  and  considered  by  the  au 
thor's  sect  as  unanswerable."— LOWNDES. 

Reign  of  Grace,  1768,  8vo. 

"  A  masterly  performance."— DR.  E.  WILLIAMS. 

"Highly  evangelical,  but  some  of  his  expressions  want  modify 
ing." — BlCKERSTETH. 

Ryland  commends  Booth  for  clearness  of  thought,  nerv 
ous  reasoning,  accurate  method,  and  vigour  of  style. 

tfooth,  Barton,  1681-1733,  an  eminent  English  ac 
tor,  was  author  of  those  charming  stanzas,  "  Sweet  are  the 
charms  of  her  I  love."  He  left  a  dramatic  piece  entitled, 
The  Death  of  Dido,  1716,  8vo.  The  Memoirs  of  Booth, 
were  pub.  Lon.,  1733,  8vo  ;  also  by  Theop.  Gibber,  and  by 
Mr.  Victor. 

Booth,  Benjamin.     System  of  Book-Keeping. 

Booth,  David,  1766-1846,  a  self-educated  English 
5™?f\.  TProsPectus  of  an  Analytical  Dictionary  of  the 
English  Language,  1805 ;  Introduction  to  do.,  Edin  1806 
8vo;  new  ed.,  Lon.,  1836,  4to.  He  devoted  the  last  fifty 
years  of  Ins  life  to  the  preparation  of  this  curious  work, 
but  one  vol.  of  which  was  pub.  Art  of  Wine-Making 
Art  of  Brewing.  Explanation  of  Scientific  Terms  These 
three  works  were  pub.  by  the  Soc.  for  the  Diffusion  of 
Useful  Knowledge.  Strictures  on  Malthus  on  Population 
Essay  on  Jury-Laws.  Eura  and  Zedepyra,  a  Tale;  with 
Poetical  Pieces,  1816,  8vo. 

Booth,  George.  The  Historical  Library  of  Diodo- 
rus  Siculus,  trans,  into  English,  Lon.,  1700,  fol. 

"  This  translation,  which  is  now  very  scarce,  is  in  high  reputa 
tion  for  its  general  correctness." — CLARKE. 

"  We  are  indebted  to  him  for  the  preservation  of  a  multitude  of 
particulars,  which  but  for  him  we  never  should  have  known." 
— ANTHON. 

The  Nature  and  Practice  of  Real  Action,  &c.,  Lon.,  1701, 
fol. ;  with  the  Notes  of  Serjeant  Hill,  Lon.,  1811,  r.  8vo. 

"  Booth  on  Real  Action  is  an  imperfect  and  unsatisfactory  book 
but  for  want  of  a  better  treatise  upon  the  subject,  '  is  even  cited  as 
an  authoritative  compilation.'  The  editor  of  the  American  edition, 
John  Anthon,  translated  the  ancient  records  from  the  Latin  and 
added  a  few  references  to  American  and  English  editions,  8vo, 
New  York,  1808."— Marvin's  Legal  Bibl. 


Booth,  George.  Essays  on  Political  Economy,  Ac., 
Lon.,  1814-18. 

Booth,  George,  Earl  of  Warrington.  Con 
siderations  upon  the  Institution  of  Marriage,  Lon.,  1739 : 
anon.  A  Letter  on  some  Reflections  in  Burnet's  History 
of  his  Own  Times. 

Booth,  Henry?  Earl  of  Warrington,  1651-1693, 
father  of  the  preceding.  Case  of  the  late  Lord  Russell, 
with  Observations  upon  it,  1689,  fol.  Tryal  for  High 
Treason,  1686,  fol.  Works,  consisting  of  Parliamentary 
Speeches,  Family  Prayers,  and  Political  Tracts,  1694,  8vo. 

"  A  man  of  strict  piety,  of  great  worth,  honour,  and  humanity." 

Booth,  H.     Miscellaneous  Pieces  of  Verse,  1805,  Svo. 

Booth,  James  C.,  b.  181 0,  Prof,  of  Applied  Chemistry 
in  the  Franklin  Institute ;  Melter  and  Refiner  in  the  U.S. 
Mint,  Phila.  The  Encyclopaedia  of  Chemistry,  Practical 
and  Theoretical;  embracing  its  Application  to  the  Arts, 
Metallurgy,  Geology,  Medicine,  and  Pharmacy,  Phila., 
1850,  8vo.  In  this  work  Mr.  Booth  was  assisted  by  Campbell 
Morfit ;  in  conjunction  with  whom  he  also  wrote  A  Report 
to  the  Smithsonian  Institute  on  Recent  Improvements  in 
the  Chemical  Arts,  Wash.,  1851,  4to.  Ed.  T.  R.  Betton's 
trans,  of  Regnault's  Chemistry,  Phila.,  1852,  2  vols.  Svo. 

Booth,  John.  Lett,  to  Ames,  on  some  Ancient  Nu 
merals.  Archseol.,  vol.  i.  1770. 

Booth,  John.  Principal  Greek  Primitives,  Huddersf., 
1801,  4to;  1817,  Svo.  The  Kingdom  of  Christ. 

Booth,  Joseph.     Polygraphic  Art,  Lon.,  1788,  Svo. 

Booth,  Peniston,  D.D.     Ser.  on  Baptism,  1718,  Svo. 

Booth,  Robert.  Encomium  Heroum.,  Lon.,  1620, 4to. 

Boothby,  B.  Synopsis  of  the  Law  relating  to  In 
dictable  Offences,  Lon.,  1842,  12mo. 

"  The  author  has  made  frequent  reference  to  precedents  of  in 
dictments,  and  to  all  of  the  late  works  upon  criminal  law.  The 
work  is  condensed  and  accurate,  and  useful  for  the  purpose  of 
ready  reference. 

Boothby,  Sir  Brooke.  Political,  poetical,  and  other 
works,  Lon.,  1791-1809.  Tears  of  Penelope,  1795,  fol. 
Sorrows  sacred  to  the  Memory  of  Penelope,  1796,  fol.  Fa 
bles  and  Satires,  Edin.,  2  vols.  Svo,  1709. 

Boothby,F.  Marcelia,  a  Tragi-comedy,  Lon.,  1670,4to. 

Boothby,  Richard.  Description  of  Madagascar, 
Lon.,  1646,  4to.  In  Osborne's  Voyages,  1745.  A  True 
Declaration  of  wrongs  done  him  by  two  servants  of  the  E. 
India  Company,  Lon.,  1644,  4to. 

Boothe,  N.  The  Rights  of  Windsor  Forest  Asserted, 
Lon.,  1719,  Svo. 

Boothhouse,  Samuel.  Dey  of  Tunis,  Ac.,  Lon., 
1853,  4to. 

Booth  royd,  Benjamin,  D.D.,  1768-1836,  a  Dissent 
ing  minister,  bookseller,  and  printer,  is  well  known  for  his 
edition  of  the  Hebrew  Bible,  and  his  Family  Bible  in  Eng 
lish.  The  Biblia  Hebraica,  pub.  originally  in  parts,  1810, 
Ac.,  afterwards  at  Pontefract  and  Lon.,  1816,  2  vols.  4to, 
is  without  points,  and  after  the  text  of  Kennicott. 

"It  is  peculiarly  interesting  to  the  Hebrew  scholar  and  critic, 
as  it  contains  in  a  condensed  form  the  substance  of  the  most  valu 
able  and  expensive  works." — Home's  Introduc. 

"  Probably  the  most  useful  Hebrew  Bible  that  has  been  pub 
lished  for  common  use." — ORME. 

"  A  Hebrew  Bible  with  various  readings,  and  synopsis  of  Bibli 
cal  Critics,  is  a  desideratum  that  we  hope  every  minister  and  stu 
dent  whose  finances  allow  will  eagerly  embrace." — Evangelical  Mag. 

"  A  valuable  collection  of  criticisms  from  various  sources." — 

BlCKERSTETH. 

In  1818  he  pub.,  Pontefract  and  London,  3  vols.  4to,  A 
New  Family  Bible,  and  Improved  Version,from  corrected 
Texts  of  the  Originals,  with  Notes  and  Reflections. 

"A  valuable  help  to  the  critical  understanding  of  the  Holy 
Scriptures." — Home's  Introduc. 

"  He  has  very  happily  blended  critical  disquisition  with  practi 
cal  instruction,  and  an  invariable  regard  to  the  spirit  and  design 

of  revelation It  deserves  the  encouragement  of  all  the  friends 

of  religion." — ORME. 

A  new  edition  carefully  corrected  and  greatly  improved, 
but  without  the  "  practical  reflections,"  was  pub.  in  1835 
in  one  large  Svo  vol. 

"  I  do  not  think  we  have  any  similar  work  in  our  language  ap 
proaching  it  in  all  the  qualities  of  usefulness."— J.  PTE  SMITH,  D.D. 

"  The  result  of  a  most  successful  application  of  the  same  great 
learning  and  great  labour  which  had  been  previously  evinced  in 
his  critical  edition  of  the  Hebrew  Bible."— RALPH  WARDLAW.  D  D 

"I  seldom  consult  his  translation  without  advantage."— INGRAM 

(BOBBIN.  \  "^  -  • 

"  I  have  always  regarded  it  as  a  book  of  great  value."— ROBERT 
VAUQHA.N. 

"The  sentiments  of  the  author  are  evangelical  and  devotional" 

— BlCKERSTETH. 

In  1807,  Pontefract,  Svo,  Dr.  B.  pub.  The  History  of  the 
ancient  Borough  of  Pontefract,  in  two  parts.  This  is  a 
rare  work. 

Bo  rust  on,  George.    Sermon,  1684,  4to. 

219 


BOR 

Boraston,  William.  A  Treatise  on  the  Pestilence, 
Lon.,  1630,  8vo. 

Borde,  or  Iloorde,  Andrew,  M.D.,  in  Latin  An 
dreas  Perforatus,  b.  about  1500,  d.  1549,  was  a  native 
of  Sussex,  and  educated  at  Oxford.  Although  a  man  of 
learning,  he  occasionally  enacted  the  part  of  an  itinerant 
doctor,  and  the  tale  of  Merry  Andrew  is  said  to  be  derived 
from  him.  Hearne  tells  us  that  he 

"Frequented  markets  and  fairs  where  a  conflux  of  people  used 
to  get  together,  to  whom  he  prescribed,  and  to  induce  them  to  flock 
thither  the  more  readily,  he  would  make  humorous  speeches." 

His  excuse  for  this  Opprobrium  Medicorum  must  be  the 
"  rambling  head  and  inconstant  mind"  which  Wood  asserts 
that  he  possessed.  He  pub.  several  works :  Pryncyples 
of  Astronomye,  Lon.,  1540,  8vo;  reprint.  100  copies,  4  on 
vellum,  Lon.,  1814,  8vo.  The  first  Boke  of  the  Introduc 
tion  of  Knowledge,  the  which  doth  teach  a  man  to  speake 
part  of  al  maner  of  languages,  and  to  knowe  the  usage  and 
fashion  of  al  maner  of  countryes,  Ac.,  Lon.,  1542,  4toj 
new  edit  by  Copland,  sine  anno. 

"  Probably  the  most  curious  and  generally  interesting  volume 
ever  put  forth  from  the  press  of  the  Coplands."— DIBDIN. 

The  work  is  partly  in  verse,  partly  in  prose,  with  wooden 
cuts  prefixed  to  each  of  the  39  chapters. 

"  The  first  is  a  satire,  as  it  appears,  on  the  fickle  nature  of  an 
Englishman :  the  symbolical  print  prefixed  to  this  chapter  exhibit 
ing  a  naked  man,  with  a  pair  of  shears  in  one  hand,  and  a  roll  of 
cloth  in  the  other,  not  determined  what  sort  of  a  coat  he  shall  order 
to  be  made,  has  more  humour  than  any  of  the  verses  which  follow." 
The  two  first  of  the  verses  are  these : 

"I  am  an  Englisman,  and  naked  I  stand  here, 

Musing  in  my  mind,  what  rayment  I  shall  wear." 
"Nor  is  the  poetry  destitute  of  humour  only;  but  of  every  em 
bellishment,  both  of  metrical  arrangement  and  expression.  Borde 
has  all  the  boldness  of  allusion,  and  barbarity  of  versification,  be 
longing  to  Skelton,  without  his  strokes  of  satire  and  severity." — 
Warton's  Eng.  Poetry. 

The  Breviarie  of  Healthe  for  all  manner  of  Sicknesses 
and  Diseases,  &c.,  Lon.,  1547,  4to.  This  was  approved  by 
the  University  of  Oxford. 

"  I  am  confident  this  book  was  the  first  written  of  that  faculty 
in  English,  and  dedicated  to  the  college  of  physicians  in  London. 
Take  a  taste  out  of  the  beginning  of  his  dedicatory  epistle : 

" '  Egregious  doctors  and  masters  of  the  eximious  and  arcane 
science  of  physic,  of  your  urbanity  exasperate  not  yourselves 
against  me  for  making  this  little  volume  of  physic.' 

"  Indeed  his  book  contains  plain  matter  under  hard  words ;  and 
was  accounted  such  a  jewel  in  that  age  (things  whilst  the  first,  are 
esteemed  the  best,  in  all  kinds)  that  it  was  printed  cum  privilegio 
ad  imprime  dum  solum." — Fuller's  Worthies. 

Fuller  is  much  mistaken  in  giving  this  work  the  priority 
he  assigns  to  it.  Compendyouse  Regimente,  or  Dietary  of 
Healthe  made  in  Mounte  Pyllor,  1562,  12mo ;  1567,  8vo  ; 
1576,  8vo. 

"  Of  Borde's  numerous  books,  the  only  one  that  can  afford  any 
degree  of  entertainment  to  the  modern  reader  is  the  Dietarie  of 
Helthe  where,  giving  directions  as  a  physician,  concerning  the 
choice  of  houses,  diet,  and  apparel,  and  not  suspecting  how  little 
he  should  instruct,  and  how  much  he  mip:ht  amuse  a  curious  pos 
terity,  he  has  preserved  many  anecdotes  of  the  private  life,  customs, 
and  arts  of  our  ancestors." —  Warton's  Eng.  Poetry. 

Merie  Tales  of  the  Mad  Men  of  Gotham,  Lon.,  8vo,  sine 
anno,  sed  circa  1565  ? 

"  It  was  accounted  a  book  full  of  wit  and  mirth  by  scholars  and 
gentlemen.  Afterwards  being  often  printed,  is  now  sold  only  on 
the  stalls  of  ballad-singers." — Athen.  Oxon. 

"  Hearne  was  of  opinion  that  these  idle  pranks  of  the  men  of 
Gotham,  a  town  in  Lincoln'shire,  bore  a  reference  tasome  customary 
law-tenures  belonging  to  that  place  or  its  neighborhood,  now  grown 
obsolete;  and  that  Blount  might  have  enriched  his  book  on  AN 
CIENT  TENURES  with  these  ludicrous  stories." 

A  ryght  pleasant  and  merry  History  of  the  Myller  of 

Abington,  [a  village  near  Cambridge,]  with  his  wife  and 

his  faire  daughter,  and  of  two  poor  scholars  of  Cambridge. 

"  A  meager  epitome  of  Chaucer's  Miller's  Tale." 

Borde  was  author  of  several  other  works.   Consult  Wood's 

Athen.  Oxon.,  Bliss's  edit.;  Warton's  Eng.  Poetry;  Dib- 

din's  Ames ;  Brit.  Bibliog. ;  Ritson's  Bibl.  Poet. ;  Dodd's 

Ch.  Hist.,  vol.  i. ;  Cooper's  Muses'  Library ;  Phillips's  Thea- 

trum   Poet.  Angl. ;   Hearne's   Pref.  to  Benedictus  Abbas 

Petroburg. ;  Chalmers's  Biog.  Diet. 

"  Dr.  Borde  was  an  ingenious  man,  and  knew  how  to  humour 
and  please  his  patients,  readers,  and  auditors.  In  his  travels  and 
visits,  he  often  appeared  and  spoke  in  public;  and  would  often 
frequent  markets  and  fairs  where  a  conflux  of  people  used  to  get 
together,  to  whom  he  prescribed;  and  to  induce  them  to  flock 
thither  the  more  readily,  he  would  make  humorous  speeches, 
couched  in  such  language  as  caused  mirth,  and  wonderfully  pro 
pagated  his  fame." — Hearn*?*  Benedictus  Abb.,  torn.  i. 

"  Our  author  Borde  was  esteemed  a  noted  poet,  a  witty  and  in 
genious  person,  and  an  excellent  physician  of  his  time." Atfien. 

Oxon. 

Wood  also  refers  to  the  tradition  of  Borde's  having  been 

physician  to  Henry  VIII. ;   but  for  this  opinion  Warton 

could  find  only  "  very  slender  proof." 

"  A  mad  physician  and  a  dull  poet.  .  .  .  Borde's  name  would  not 

220 


BOR 

have  been  now  remembered,  had  he  wrote  only  profound  systems 
n  medicine  and  astronomy.  He  is  known  to  posterity  as  a  buffoon, 
not  as  a  philosopher." — English  Poetry. 

Borde  published  the  jests  of  John  Scogan,  the  favourite 
Buffoon  of  the  court  of  Edward  the  Fourth : 

"  They  are  without  humour  or  invention ;  and  give  us  no  very 
.vourafele  idea  of  the  delicacy  of  the  king  and  courtiers,  who  could 
ae  exhilarated  by  the  merriments  of  such  a  writer." — WARTON. 

Borden,  Simeon.     On  Railroads,  Boston,  1854,  8vo. 

Border,  Dan,     The  English  Chemical  Physician  and 
hirurgerie,  Ac.,  Lon.,  1651,  fol.     The  whole  Art  and  Sur 
vey  of  Physick  and  Chirurgerie,  Lon.,  1651,  4to.     Two 
editions  same  year. 

Bordley,  John  Beale,  d.  at  Philadelphia,  1804, 
aged  76.  Forsyth's  Treatise  on  Fruit  Trees.  Sketches 
on  Rotation  of  Crops,  1792.  Essays  and  Notes  on  Hus 
bandry,  Ac.,  1799,  1801,  Phil.,  8vo.  View  of  the  Courses 
of  Crops  in  England  and  Maryland,  1804. 

"  He  was  greatly  instrumental  in  diffusing  the  best  knowledge 
of  the  best  of  all  arts." 

Boreman,  Richard,  D.D.     Sermons,   Lon.,   1662, 

3,  '69. 

Boreman,  or  Bourman,  Robert,  D.D.,  d.  1675. 
The  Churchman's  Catechism,  Lon.,  1651,  4to.  The  Tri 
umphs  of  Learning  over  Ignorance,  and  of  Truth  over 
Falsehood,  Lon.,  1653,  4to.  Mirror  of  Mercy  and  Judg 
ment.  Life  and  Death  of  Freeman  Sonds,  Lon.,  1655,  4to. 
Panegyric  and  Sermon  on  Dean  Comber,  Lon.,  1654,  4to. 

Boreman,  Thomas.  Descrip.  of  300  Animals,  Lon., 
1730,  8vo. 

Borfet,  Abiel.  Postliminia  Carolii  II.,  Ac.,  Lon., 
1660,  4to.  Sermon  on  Ps.  xx.  5,  1696,  4to. 

Borget,  Auguste.  Sketches  of  China  and  the  Chi 
nese,  imp.  fol.  £4  4s. 

"  Affords  a  far  more  complete  idea  of  the  country  and  its  inha 
bitants  than  we  have  ever  seen  or  met  with  in  all  the  books  we 
have  been  looking  at  or  read  before." — London  Literary  Gazette. 

Borget,  Samuel.  The  Devil's  Legend,  Lon.,  1595, 4to. 

Borringdon,  Lord.  Speech  in  H.  of  Lords  on  the 
Petition  of  the  R.  Catholics  of  Ireland,  1810,  8vo.  Ac 
count  of  Lord  B.'s  Accident  and  Death,  Lon.,  1810,  4to. 
Privately  printed. 

Borlace,  Edmond,  M.D.,  d.  1682,  son  of  Sir  John 
Borlace,  one  of  the  Lords  Justices  of  Ireland,  practised 
physic  with  great  reputation  and  success  at  Chester,  Eng 
land.  Latham  Spaw  in  Lancashire,  Lon.,  1670,  8vo.  The 
Reduction  of  Ireland  to  the  Crown  of  England,  Ac. 

"  A  short  but  instructive  work."— BP.  Nicotsoy. 

A  Brief  Account  of  the  Rebellion  in  1641,  Lon.,  1675, 
8vo.  The  History  of  the  execrable  Irish  Rebellion,  Ac., 
Lon.,  1680,  fol.  Wood  asserts  that  much  of  this  book  is 
borrowed  without  acknowledgment :  see  Athen.  Oxon.  It 
contains  letters  from  Cromwell,  Ireton,  Preston,  Ac.  Brief 
Reflections  on  the  Earl  of  Castlehaven's  Memoirs,  Ac., 
Lon.,  1682,  8vo. 

Borlase,  Henry,  d.  1834.  Papers  connected  with 
the  present  state  of  the  country,  Lon.,  1836,  12mo. 

Borlase,  William,  1696-1772,  a  native  of  Cornwall, 
was  educated  at  Exeter  College,  Oxford.  He  was  insti 
tuted  in  1722  to  the  rectory  of  Ludgvan,  and  in  1732  to 
the  vicarage  of  St.  Just.  Antiquities,  Historical  and  Mo 
numental,  of  the  County  of  Cornwall,  Oxf.,  1754,  fol.; 
2d  edit,  with  additions,  Lon.,  1769,  fol.  This  work  is  the 
result  of  much  research  and  accurate  observation. 

Observations  on  the  Ancient  and  Present  State  of  the 
Islands  of  Scilly,  and  their  importance  to  the  trade  of 
Great  Britain,  Oxf.,  1756,  4to. 

"This  is  one  of  the  most  pleasing  and  elegant  pieces  of  local  en 
quiry  that  our  country  has  produced." — Dr.  Johnson,  in  tl&  Literary 
Messenger. 

The  Natural  History  of  Cornwall,  Oxf.,  1758,  fol.  Many 
years  had  been  employed  in  collecting  materials  for  this 
valuable  work.  Dr.  B.  contributed  many  papers  to  Phil. 
Trans.:  vide  1749,  '53,  '55,  '57,  '58,  '59,  '62,  '63,  '69.  He 
was  in  correspondence  with  many  of  the  eminent  literary 
men  of  his  day. 

"  He  furnished  Mr.  Pope  with  the  greatest  part  of  the  mate 
rials  for  forming  his  grotto  at  Twickenham,  consisting  of  such  cu 
rious  fossils  as  the  county  of  Cornwall  abounds  with ;  and  there 
may,  at  present,  be  seen  Dr.  Borlase's  name  in  capitals,  composed 
of  crystals,  in  the  grotto.  On  this  occasion  a  very  handsome  let 
ter  was  written  to  the  Doctor  by  Mr.  Pope,  in  which  he  says,  'I 
am  much  obliged  to  you  for  your  valuable  collection  of  Cornish 
diamonds.  I  have  placed  them  where  they  may  best  represent 
yourself,  in  "a  shade,  but  shining;"'  alluding  to  the  obscurity  of 
Dr.  Borlase's  situation,  and  the  brilliancy  of  his  talents.  .  .  .  There 
is  still  existing  a  large  collection  of  letters  written  by  that  cele 
brated  poet  to  our  Author." — Biog.  Brit. 

See  Dr.  B.'s  Memoirs,  drawn  up  by  himself  at  the  request 
of  a  friend,  in  Nichols's  Literary  Anecdotes,  vol.  v.  291,  Ac. 
Borne,  William.    A  Regiment  for  the  Sea,  Lon., 
1620,  4to. 


BOR 


BOS 


Borough,  Sir  John.    See  BURROUGHS. 

Borough,  William.  A  New  Attractive ;  a  short  dis 
course  of  the  Loadstone,  Lon.,  1585,  4to.  Variation  of 
the  Compass,  Lon.,  1585,  4to. 

Borrer,  Dawson.  Journey  from  Naples  to  Jerusa 
lem,  Lon.,  p.  8vo.  Campaign  against  the  Kabailes  of  Al 
geria,  8yo. 

"  Mr.  Borrer  is  an  observant  and  painstaking  traveller.  .  .  .  The 
season  has  not  produced  a  more  amusing  book." — London  Critic. 

"  One  of  the  most  interesting  narratives  we  have  had  for  many  a 
day.'' — London  Examiner. 

Borrow,  George,  a  native  of  Norfolk,  England,  has 
pub.  some  of  the  most  popular  books  of  the  age.  The 
Zincali;  or,  An  Account  of  the  Gipsies  of  Spain,  Lon.,  2 
vols.  p.  8vo,  1841. 

"  A  genuine  book ;  not  one  of  those  starved  pieces  of  modern 
manufacture.  .  .  .  There  is  no  taking  leave  of  a  book  like  this. 
Better  Christmas  fare  we  never  had  it  in  our  power  to  offer  our 
readers." — London  Athenaeum. 

"  These  curious  and  most  attractive  pages."— London  Literary 
Gazette.  See  Edinburgh  Review,  Ixxiv.  45. 

The  Bible  in  Spain,  Lon.,  3  vols.  p.  8vo.,  1843. 
«  We  are  frequently  reminded  of  Gil  Bias  in  the  narratives  of  this 
pious,  single-hearted  man.  As  a  book  of  adventures,  it  seems  to 
us  about  the  most  extraordinary  which  has  appeared  in  our  own 
or  any  other  language  for  a  long  time  past." — London  Quarterly 
Review.  See  Edin.  Review,  Ixxvii.  105. 

Sir  Robert  Peel  in  the  House  of  Commons,  April  11, 1843  : 
"  Difficulties ! !  were  they  to  be  deterred  from  proceeding  on  that 
account?  Let  them  look  at  Mr.  Borrow;  why  if  he  had  suffered 
himself  to  be  prevented  from  circulating  the  Bible  in  Spain  by  the 
difficulties  he  met  with,  he  could  never  have  spread  such  enlight 
enment  and  information  through  that  country." 

Lavengro  :  the  Scholar,  the  Gipsy,  and  the  Priest,  Lon., 
3  vols.  p.  8vo. 

"  A  book  which  has  a  panoramic  unity  of  its  own,  and  of  which 
scarcely  a  page  is  without  its  proper  interest." — Tait's  Magazine. 

Autobiography,  Lon.,  1  vol.  12mo,  1851. 

"A  work  of  intense  interest,  including  extraordinary  adven 
tures  in  various  parts  of  the  world." 

Borthwick,  George,  M.D.  Crystalline  Lens,  Edin., 
1775,  8vo.  Con.  to  Med.  Coin.,  1772,  <fec.  Annals  of  Med., 
1796,  Ac. 

Borthwick,  John.  Observations,  <fec.  on  Libel,  Lon., 
1830,  8vo. 

"  A  learned  and  excellent  work." 

Other  legal  treatises. 

Borthwick,  William.  Feudal  Dignities  of  Scot 
land,  Edin.,  1775,  8vo.  Remarks  on  British  Antiquities, 
Edin.,  1776,  8vo. 

"  These  northern  memoirs  will  be  thought  curious  and  valuable 
by  the  antiquary."— Monthly  Review,  1776. 

Bosanquet,  Chas.    Commercial  treatises,  Lon.,  1807. 

Bosanquet,  Edwin.  Paraphrase  of  Paul's  Epistle 
to  the  Romans,  Lon.,  1840,  8vo. 

Bosanquet,  J.  B.,  and  C.  Puller.  Legal  Reports, 
Lon.,  1800-07;  and  Lon.,  1826,  5  vols.  roy.  8vo.  The  last 
English  edition  comprises  all  their  reports.  They  were 
continued  by  Taunton,  Broderip,  and  Bingham. 

Bosanquet,  James  W.  Chronology  of  Daniel,  Ezra, 
and  Nehemiah  considered,  Ac.,  Part  1,  Lon.,  1848,  8vo. 

Bosanquet,  R.  W.  Remarks  on  Baptism  and  Re 
generation,  Lon.,  8vo.  Pusey  on  the  Eucharist. 

Bosanquet,  S.  R.  Works  on  Theology,  Law,  Poli 
tical  Economy,  and  Logic.  The  Rights  of  the  Poor,  and 
Christian  Almsgiving  Vindicated. 

"  A  book  containing  more  valuable  information  relative  to  the 
statistics  of  economy  of  the  poor  than  all  the  parliamentary  re 
ports  ever  published.  The  book  should  be  read  by  all  who  take 
the  slightest  interest  in  the  subject." — Britannia.  . 

Bosanquet,  W.  H.  Let.  to  J.  Wigram,  Lon.  1836,  8vo. 

Bosboon.  Plain  Description  of  the  Five  Orders  of 
Architecture,  with  cuts,  1676,  fol. ;  1679,  fol. 

Boscawen,  William,  1752-1811,  a  barrister,  was 
educated  at  Eton,  and  Exeter  College,  Oxford.  Treatise 
of  Convictions  on  Penal  Statutes,  Lon.,  1792,  8vo.  Trans, 
of  Horace  into  English  verse,  1793-98,  2  vols.  8vo.  The 
Progress  of  Satire,  <fcc.,  containing  Remarks  on  the  Pur 
suits  of  Literature,  1798;  a  Supplement  to  ditto,  1799. 
Original  Poems,  1801,  12mo. 

Mr.  Mathias  was  not  backward  in  returning  Boscawen's 
compliments  : 

"  I  never  shared  the  profits  of  the  gown, 
Nor  yet,  with  Horace  and  myself  at  war, 
For  rhyme  and  victuals  left  the  starving  bar. 

"  This  was  lately  done  by  William  Boscawen,  Esquire,  an  Eto 
nian,  first  a  Barrister  at  Law,  now  a  Commissioner  of  the  Victual 
ling  Office,  and  (by  an  easy  transition)  Translator  of  Horace. 
Negatas  artifex  sequi  voces,  (Pers.  Prol.)  In  this  revision  of  my 
work,  I  have  no  more  space  to  allot  to  Mr.  Boscawen,  or  to  his 
rhymes.  It  is  the  fate  of  some  men  to  describe  the  history  of  an 
art  without  making  any  progress  in  it  themselves;  to  write  verses 
without  inspiration,  and  satirical  poems  without  satire.  But 
what  said  Boileau? 


'  Attaquer  Chapelainl'  &c. 

Nothing,  indeed,  is  less  acceptable  than  plain  truth  to  irritable 
and  implacable  rhymers :  but  I  must  say  that  the  unresisting  im 
becility  of  Mr.  Boscawen's  translation  disarms  all  criticism." — 
Pursuits  of  Literature,  16th  edit. 

See  MATHIAS,  T.  J. 

Bosqnett,  Abraham.  The  Young  Man  of  Honour's 
Vade-Mecum ;  being  a  Salutary  Treatise  on  Duelling,  Ac., 
1817,  12mo.  This  is  a  palpable  misnomer;  for  no  man 
foolish  and  guilty  enough  to  defy  God  by  fighting  a  duel, 
can  possibly  be  a  "  Man  of  Honour."  The  man  who  re 
fuses  so  to  disgrace  himself  is  truly  the  "  Man  of  Honour." 
Mr.  B.  pub.  some  Essays  on  Marine  subjects,  1818,  8vo. 

Bossewell,  John.    See  BOSWELL. 

Bostock,  John,  M.D.,  1773-1845,  b.  Liverpool.  This 
distinguished  physician  pub.  a  number  of  professional 
works.  We  notice  a  few :  Elementary  System  of  Physi 
ology,  8vo.  Essay  on  Respiration,  8vo.  History  and  Pre 
sent  State  of  Galvanism,  Svo.  Sketch  of  the  History  of 
Medicine,  Svo.  A  list  of  some  of  his  valuable  contribu 
tions  to  Med.  and  Phys.  Jour.,  Memoirs  Med.,  Nic.  Jour., 
and  Ann.  Phil.,  will  be  found  in  Watt's  Bib.  Brit. 

Bostock,Peter.  Sub.  of  some  sermons,Lon.,1630,8vo. 

Boston,  John,  a  monk  of  St.  Edmundsbury,  who  is 
supposed  to  have  died  1410,  was  one  of  the  first  collectors 
of  the  lives  of  English  waiters,  and  the  precursor  of  Le- 
land,  Bale,  and  Pits.  Speculum  Coenobitarum ;  editio  per 
Ant.  Hallium,  in  Trivet  Annal.,0xon.,  1722,  Svo. 

"  He  searched  indefatigably  all  the  libraries  of  the  kingdom, 
and  wrote  a  catalogue  of  the  authors,  with  short  opinions  of  them." 

"  After  the  ancient  discoveries  of  Boston  and  Leland,  there  hath 
been  nothing  attempted  but  some  rude  and  disproportionable 
draughts  of  mean  and  ignorant  designers." — Athen.  Oxon. 

Boston,  Robert.  Sermons  and  Discourses,  Edin., 
1753,  Svo. 

Boston,  Thomas.  Serm.  on  1  Thess.  v.  20,  21, 
1694,  Svo. 

Boston,  Thomas,  1676-1732,  was  a  native  of  Dunse, 
Scotland,  and  educated  at  the  University  of  Edinburgh. 
He  was  licensed  to  preach  in  the  Church  of  Scotland  in 
1699,  accepted  the  parish  of  Simprin  in  the  same  year, 
and  in  1707  exchanged  it  for  that  of  Ettrick. 

Human  Nature  in  its  Fourfold  State,  1720 ;  many  edir 
tions. 

"  One  of  our  best  books  for  common  readers.  The  sentences  are 
short,  and  the  comparisons  striking :  the  language  is  easy,  and  the 
doctrine  evangelical :  the  method  proper,  the  plan  comprehensive, 
the  manner  searching,  yet  consolatory.  If  another  celebrated 
treatise  is  styled '  The  Whole  Duty  of  Man,'  I  would  call  this  <  The 
Whole  of  Man ;'  as  it  comprises  what  he  was  originally ;  what  he 
is,  by  transgression ;  what  he  should  be,  through  grace ;  and  what 
he  witt  be,  in  glory." — Hervey's  Dialogues. 

"  One  of  the  best  systems  of  practical  divinity  ever  written." — 
ERASMUS  MIDDLETON. 

"  Practical  as  well  as  evangelical." — BICKERSTETH. 

"  One  of  the  few  felicitous  productions,  which,  by  its  own  in 
trinsic  claims  to  excellence,  has  wrought  its  way  to  singular  pre 
eminence  in  the  esteem  of  the  wise  and  good." — LOWNDES. 

Tractatus  Stigmologicus  Hebrseo-Biblicus,  <fec.,  Amst., 
1738,  4to.  This  Mr.  B.  first  wrote  in  English,  and  then 
trans,  it  into  Latin.  It  refers  to  the  accentuation  of  the 
Hebrew  Scriptures,  in  which  matter  he  thought  that  he 
,had  made  an  important  discovery. 

"  After  all,  his  scheme  of  literal  interpretation,  and  his  doctrine 
of  the  divine  origin  of  the  points,  have  contributed  little  to  the 
better  understanding  of  the  Bible.1'— OHME. 

Illustrations  of  the  Doctrines  of  the  Christian  Religion, 
Edin.,  1773,  3  vols.  Svo. 

"  The  method  and  style  conduct  the  imagination  to  the  middle 
of  the  preceding  century.  The  illustrations  are  very  plain  and 
familiar,  and  the  strain  eminently  practical.  .  .  .  His  Fourfold 
State,  his  Treatise  on  the  Covenants,  Sermons,  and  other  practical 
pieces,  are  scriptural,  and,  as  to  sentiment,  judicious.  The  style 
is  plain,  without  artificial  ornament ;  yet  illustrations  and  com 
parisons  often  striking." — DR.  E.  WILLIAMS. 

A  Memorial  concerning  Personal  and  Family  Fasting 
and  Humiliation. 

"  This  little  work,  were  no  other  copy  to  be  had,  would  be  worth 
its  weight  in  gold." 

The  Sermon  entitled,  The  Crook  in  the  Lot,  has  been 
greatly  commended : 

"  A  precious  treasure  of  practical  and  experimental  Christianity, 
and  has  ever  been  held  in  the  highest  estimation  by  all  '  the  poor 
and  afflicted  people,'  who  trust  in  the  name  of  the  Lord." 

Complete  Works,  now  first  collected,  and  reprinted  with 
out  abridgment,  including  his  memoirs,  written  by  him 
self,  carefully  edited  by  the  Rev.  Samuel  McMillan,  Lon., 
1852, 12  vols.  8vo. 

Bostwick,  David,  b.  about  1720,  d.  1763,  a  minister 
of  the  Presbyterian  Church,  New  York.  Sermons,  1759, 
'65,  '76.  A  treatise  in  defence  of  Infant  Baptism  was 
pub.  from  some  of  his  MS.  sermons  after  his  decease. 

"  It  is  an  able  production." 


BOS 


BOS 


Bostwick,  H.,  M.D.,  of  New  York.  Venereal  Disease, 
N.  York,  1848,  4to.  Other  works. 

Boswell,  Sir  Alexander,  b.  1775,  eldest  son  of  the 
biographer  of  Dr.  Johnson,  was  murdered  in  a  duel  by 
Mr.  Stuart  of  Dunearn,  March  26,  1822.  We  say  mur 
dered,  because  we  consider  all  deaths  in  duels  to  be  cases 
of  murder,  calling  for  the  hangman's  rope  for  the  survivor. 
If  both  parties  escape,  then  perpetual  imprisonment,  or 
transportation  for  life,  should  preserve  society  from  the 
contagion  of  those  who  so  disgrace  it.  A  wise  man  never 
yet  fought  a  duel,  a  courageous  man  very  seldom.  As  a 
general  rule,  cowards  and  imbeciles  compose  the  ranks  of 
the  so-called  "  Men  of  Honour."  See  BOSQUETT,  A.,  ante. 

Sir  Alexander  Boswell  was  a  member  of  the  Roxburghe 
Club,  one  of  the  originators  of  The  Warder,  a  celebrated 
Scotch  Tory  paper,  and  pub.  his  Songs,  chiefly  in  the 
Scottish  dialect,  1803.  Edinburgh,  or  the  Ancient  Roy 
alty,  1810.  Clan  Alpin's  Vow,  1811.  See  Dibdin's  Lit. 
Reminiscences. 

Boswell,  Edward.  Civil  Division  of  the  County 
of  Dorset,  Sherborne,  (1795,)  8vo.  Acts  of  Parl.  respect 
ing  Cavalry,  Ac.  Part  1,  1798,  12mo. 

Boswell,  Geo.    Watering  Meadows,  Lon.,  1780,  8vo. 

"  The  essay  possesses  much  merit,  and  has  not  been  surpassed 
by  the  usage  of  the  present  time."— Donaldson's  Agricult.  Bwg. 

Boswell,  H.  Antiquities  of  England  and  Wales, 
Lon.,  fol. 

Boswell,  Miss  H.  The  Idiot  j  a  Novel,  Lon.,  1810, 
3  vols.  12mo. 

Boswell,  James,  1740-1795,  the  friend  and  biogra 
pher  of  Dr.  Johnson,  was  a  native  of  Edinburgh,  a  son 
of  a  judge,  who  was  called  Lord  Auchinleck  from  his  es 
tate,  in  conformity  to  Scottish  custom.  He  studied  law 
at  Edinburgh,  Glasgow,  and  Utrecht,  and  afterwards  be 
came  an  advocate  at  the  Scotch  bar.  Besides  the  great 
work  by  which  he  will  be  known  to  the  latest  generations, 
he  pub.  several  political,  legal,  and  literary  essays.  His 
Journal  of  a  Tour  to  Corsica,  pub.  Glasg.,  1768,  8vo,  was 
received  with  much  favour,  and  was  trans,  into  the  Ger 
man,  Dutch,  Italian,  and  French  languages. 

"  Your  Journal  is  curious  and  delightful.  I  know  not  whether 
I  could  name  any  narrative  by  which  curiosity  is  better  excited 
or  better  gratified." — Dr.  Johnson  to  Boswell, 

His  introduction  to  Dr.  Johnson  occurred  May  16, 1763. 
Perhaps  no  one  who  has  read  Boswell's  amusing  account 
of  this  interview  will  ever  forget  it !  It  is  unnecessary  to 
enter  into  any  detail  respecting  a  matter  so  well  known 
as  the  character  of  James  Boswell.  The  reader  will  find 
a  review  of  Croker's  Boswell's  Johnson  in  the  Edinburgh 
Review  for  1831,  by  Mr.  Macaulay,  in  which  these  three 
gentlemen  are  depicted  with  more  strength  of  colouring 
than  accuracy  of  drawing.  Boswell's  Life  of  Johnson 
did  not  appear  until  1791,  2  vols.  4to,  six  years  after  the 
demise  of  his  subject.  The  sale  from  1791  to  1805  reached 
about  4000  copies.  We  cannot  better  occupy  our  space 
than  by  quoting  some  opinions  concerning  this  renowned 
work.  Mr.  John  Wilson  Croker  deserves  great  credit  for 
his  excellent  edition  of  Boswell.  We  venture  this  asser 
tion  notwithstanding  the  unaccountable  attempt  of  Mr. 
Macaulay  to  depreciate  the  value  of  Mr.  C.'s  editorial  la 
bours.  We  beg  to  present  on  the  other  side  the  commen 
dation  of  an  authority  whose  decision  will  hardly  be 
questioned : 

"  The  edition  of  Boswell  by  my  able  and  learned  friend,  Mr. 
Croker,  is  a  valuable  accession  to  literature ;  and  the  well-known 
accuracy  of  that  gentleman  gives  importance  to  his  labours." — 
LORD  BROUGHAM  :  article  "Johnson,"  in  Times  of  George  III. 

That  Mr.  Croker  has  occasionally  lost  his  way  in  a  wil 
derness  of  2500  notes,  cannot  be  disputed ;  that  Mr.  Ma 
caulay  is  not  altogether  infallible,  is  equally  certain.  Our 
warm  admiration  of  Mr.  Macaulay's  remarkable  powers 
makes  us  the  more  regret  that  the  embarras  des  richesses— 
the  fruit  of  his  vast  erudition — should  render  him  some 
times  unable  to  perceive  the  merit  of  those  whom  he  criti 
cises.  Mr.  Croker's  last  edit,  was  pub.  by  Mr.  Murray  in 
1848,  1  vol.  r.  8vo. 

"  Boswell's  Life  of  Johnson  is  the  richest  dictionary  of  wit  and 
•wisdom  any  language  can  boast  of;  and  its  treasures  may  now  be 
referred  to  with  infinitely  greater  ease  than  heretofore.  Enlarged 
and  illuminated  by  the  industrious  researches  and  the  sagacious 
running  criticism  of  Mr.  Croker,  it  is,  without  doubt— excepting 
a  few  immortal  monuments  of  creative  genius— that  English  book 
which,  were  the  Island  to  be  sunk  to-morrow  with  all  its  inhabit 
ants,  would  be  most  prized  in  other  days  and  countries  by  the 
students  of  '  us  and  our  history.'  To  the  influence  of  Boswell  we 
owe  probably  three-fourths  of  what  is  most  entertaining,  as  well 
as  no  inconsiderable  portion  of  whatever  is  most  instructive,  in 
all  the  books  of  memoirs  that  have  subsequently  appeared.  A 
really  good  Indexbtis  now,  for  the  first  time,  been  given  with  a  book 
that  above  any  other  wanted  one ;  and  we  pronounce  this  '  Bos 


well'  the  best  edition  of  an  English  book  that  has  appeared."— 
Lon.  Quarterly  Review. 

We  might  adduce  many  more  testimonies  to  the  excel 
lence  of  Mr.  Croker's  edition.  Perhaps  a  dozen  such  are 
lying  before  us,  but  we  must  content  ourselves  with  the 
following : 

"We  cannot  believe  that  any  subsequent  improvement  will 
ever  be  made  upon  this  edition ;  and  we  have  no  doubt  that  it  will 
excite  the  curiosity  and  reward  the  attention  of  the  reading  world. 
We  hope  that  we  shall  be  able  to  repeat  the  saying  of  a  distin 
guished  writer  of  the  last  age — '  Every  one  that  can  buy  a  book 
has  bought  Boswell.' " — North  American  Review. 

We  add  a  few  more  commendations  of  Boswell's  Johnson : 

"  I  now  appreciate,  with  a  keen  recollection  of  the  pleasure  which, 
in  common  with  every  tolerably  well-educated  Englishman,  I  have 
felt,  and  shall  continue  to  my  very  latest  hour  to  feel,  in  the  pe 
rusal  of  the  biography  of  Dr.  Samuel  Johnson,  by  James  Boswell, 
his  companion,  his  chronicler,  and  his  friend.  This  fascinating, 
and  I  may  add  truly  original,  composition,  is  a  work  for  all  times. 
In  reading  it,  we  see  the  man — 

'  Vir  ipse.  .  .  . 

Sic  oculus,  sic  ille  manus,  sic  ora  ferebat.' 

We  even  hear  his  voice,  and  observe  his  gesticulations.  The  growl 
of  discontent  and  the  shout  of  triumph  equally  pervades  our  ears. 
Walking,  sitting,  reading,  writing,  talking,  all  is  Johnsonian.  We 
place  Boswell's  Johnson  in  our  libraries,  as  an  enthusiast  hangs 
up  his  Gerard  Dow  in  his  cabinet— to  be  gazed  at  again  and  again ; 
to  feed  upon,  and  to  devour." — Dibdin's  Library  Companion. 

"  In  these  memoirs  of  Dr.  Johnson  there  are  so  many  witty  say 
ings,  and  so  many  wise  ones,  by  which  the  world  if  it  pleases  may 
be  at  once  entertained  and  improved,  that  I  do  not  regret  their 
publication." — BISHOP  HORNE. 

"  Boswell's  Life  of  Johnson  is  one  of  the  best  books  in  the  world. 
It  is  assuredly  a  great,  a  very  great  work.  Homer  is  not  more  de 
cidedly  the  first  of  heroic  Poets, — Shakspeare  is  not  more  decidedly 
the  first  of  Dramatists, — Demosthenes  is  not  more  decidedly  the 
first  of  Orators,  than  Boswell  is  the  first  of  biographers.  He  has 
distanced  all  his  competitors  so  decidedly  that  it  is  not  worth  while 
to  place  them :  Eclipse  is  first,  and  all  the  rest  nowhere.  We  are 
not  sure  that  there  is  in  the  whole  history  of  the  human  intellect 
so  singular  a  phenomenon  as  this  book.  Many  of  the  greatest 
men  that  ever  lived  have  written  biography ;  Boswell  was  one  of 
the  smallest  men  that  ever  lived,  and  he  has  beaten  them  all." — 
T.  B.  MACAULAY  :  Edin.  Review,  1831. 

"  Boswell's  Life  of  Johnson  is  such  a  masterpiece  in  its  particu 
lar  species,  as  perhaps  the  literature  of  no  other  nation,  ancient 
or  modern,  could  boast.  It  preserves  a  thousand  precious  anec- 
dotical  memorials  of  the  state  of  the  arts,  manners,  and  policy 
among  us  during  this  period ;  such  as  must  be  invaluable  to  the 
philosophers  and  antiquaries  of  a  future  age."—  Chalmers's  Biog. 
Diet. 

"  There  are  few  books  that  have  afforded  more  amusement,  or 
probably  imparted  more  instruction,  than  what  is  usually  called 
Boswell's  Life  of  Johnson  ;  which  is,  in  fact,  chiefly  Boswell's  repe 
tition  of  the  conversations  of  that  great  man  whose  name  adorns 
the  title-page  of  his  work.  Perhaps  it  is  only  from  the  literary 
productions  of  Johnson  himself,  and  scarcely  even  from  them,  that 
equal  advantage  is  to  be  reaped." 

Mr.  Croker  calls  our  attention  to  the  important  fact  that 
Boswell  really  saio  very  little  of  his  great  friend : 

"  Of  above  twenty  years,  therefore,  that  their  acquaintance  lasted, 
periods  equivalent  in  the  whole  to  about  three-quarters  of  a  year 

only,  fell  under  the  personal  notice  of  Boswell It  appears 

from  the  Life,  that  Mr.  Boswell  visited  England  a  dozen  times  dur 
ing  his  acquaintance  with  Dr.  Johnson,  and  that  the  number  of 
days  in  which  they  met  were  about  180,  to  which  is  to  be  added 
the  time  of  the  TOUR,  when  they  were  together  from  the  18th  Au 
gust  to  the  22d  November,  1773;  in  the  whole  about  276  days. 
The  number  of  pages  in  the  separate  editions  of  the  two  works  is 
2528,  of  which  1320  are  occupied  by  the  history  of  these  276;  so 
that  a  little  less  than  an  hundredth  part  of  Dr.  Johnson's  life  occu 
pies  above  one-half  of  Mr.  Boswell's  work.  .  .  .  Every  one  must  re 
gret  that  his  personal  intercourse  with  his  great  friend  was  not 
more  frequent  or  more  continued." — Preface. 

See  Boswell's  Letters  to  W.  J.  Temple,  Lon.,  1856,  8vo. 

Boswell,  James,  second  son  of  the  above,  edited 
Malone's  edition  of  Shakspeare's  Plays  and  Poems,  Lon., 
1821,  21  vols.  8vo. 

"  Containing  a  vast  quantity  of  matter  illustrative  of  Shakspeare 
and  his  times,  by  various  eminent  authors." 

He  was  a  member  of  the  Roxburghe  Club,  and  pub.  for 
it  Poems,  by  Richard  Barnfield,  1816,  4to,  34  copies ;  A 
Roxburghe  Garland,  1817,  12mo.  See  a  specimen  in  this 
volume  of  Mr.  B.'s  poetical  talents, — L'Envoy.  Memoir 
of  the  late  Edmund  Malone,  Lon.,  1814,  8vo,  reprinted 
from  the  Gent.  Mag. 

Boswell,  John.  Workes  of  Armorie  devyded  into 
three  bookes  entituled,  The  Concords  of  Armorie,  Tho 
Armorie  of  Honor,  and  of  Coats  and  Crestes,  Lon.,  1572- 
97,  4to. 

Boswell,  John,  prebendary  of  Wells,  &c.  Sermon, 
1730,  8vo.  A  Method  of  Study,  or  a  Useful  Library,  with 
a  Catalogue  of  Books,  Lon.,  1738,  2  vols.  8vo.  Remarks, 
<fcc.,  1750-51. 

Boswell,  John.  Dissertatio  Inaug.  de  Ambra.  Lugd. 
.Bat.,  1736,  4to. 

Boswell,  J.  W.   Phil.  Con.  to  Nic.  Jour.,  1801,  '05,  '06. 

Boswell,  P.  1.  Bees,  Pigeons,  Rabbits,  and  Canary- 
Birds,  N.York,  18mo.  2.  Poultry-Yard,  18mo. 


BOS 

Bosworth,  Joseph,  D.D.,  F.R.S.,  F.S.A.,  Ac.,  b.  1788, 
in  Derbyshire;  grad.  at  Aberdeen  as  M.A.,  and  subsequently 
proceeded  LL.D.  in  the  same  university.  In  order  to 
become  a  clergyman  of  the  Church  of  England,  he  at  an 
early  age  taught  himself  Hebrew, — reading  the  language 
with  the  cognate  dialects  Chaldee,  Syriac,  and  Arabic. 
Grad.  as  M.A.  and  Ph.  D.  at  Leyden  ;  took  the  degree  of 
B.D.  in  Trinity  Coll.,  Camb.  1834,  and  D.D.  in  1839;  also 
D.D.  ad  eundem  at  Oxford  in  1847.  Dr.  B.  is  a  member 
of  the  principal  scientific  and  literary  societies  of  the  world. 
1.  Introduction  to  Latin  Construing.  2.  Eton  Greek  Gram. 
3.  Elements  of  Anglo-Saxon  Grammar,  Lon.,  1823,  8vo. 

"  This  work  will  prove  a  most  valuable  acquisition  to  the  library 
of  the  philologer  and  antiquary.  The  introduction,  on  the  Origin 
and  Progress  of  Alphabetic  Writing,  displays  considerable  learning 
and  ability."— Lon.  Gent.  Mag. 

4.  Practical  Means  of  Reducing  the  Poor's  Rate,  1824. 
"  We  have  never  perused  a  pamphlet  more  replete  with  sound 

sense  and  practical  information  than  the  present." — Critical  Gaz., 
Sept.  1824. 

5.  Book  of  Common  Prayer,  English  and  Dutch,  12mo, 
1838.     6.  Dictionary  of  the  Anglo-Saxon  Language,  8vo, 
1838,  42*. 

"  This  volume  contains,  within  a  moderate  compass,  a  complete 
apparatus  for  the  study  of  Anglo-Saxon.  Copious,  accurate,  cheap, 
— embodying  the  whole  results  of  Anglo-Saxon  scholarship, — there 
is  no  other  work  of  the  kind,  that  can  be  put  in  comparison  with  it. 
It  is  the  fruit  of  ripe  scholarship,  enlarged  views,  and  many  years' 
severe  and  patient  labour." — Edin.  Rev. 

7.  A  Compendious  Anglo-Saxon  and  English  Dictionary, 
1848  :  abridgment  of  No.  6.  8.  Origin  of  the  English,  Ger 
manic,  and  Scandinavian  Nations,  1848,  8vo,  20«.  9.  Origin 
of  the  Danish,  and  an  Abstract  of  Scandinavian  Literature. 
10.  Origin  of  the  Dutch,  with  a  Sketch  of  their  Language 
and  Literature;  2d  ed.  11.  King  Alfred's  Anglo-Saxon 
Version  of  the  Compendious  History  of  the  World  by 
Orosius,  1856,  8vo,  16s.  12.  Description  of  Europe,  and 
the  Voyages  of  Othere  and  Wulfstan,  written  in  Anglo- 
Saxon  by  King  Alfred  the  Great,  1855.  Only  50  copies 
printed,  £3  3s.  Dr.  B.  is  preparing  the  Anglo-Saxon  and 
Moeso-Gothic  Gospels  in  parallel  columns ;  also  a  new  and 
enlarged  ed.  of  his  Anglo-Saxon  Dictionary. 

Bosworth,  NeAVton.    Accidents  of  Life,  Lon.,  1812. 

Bosworth,  William.  The  Chast  and  Lost  Lovers 
lively  shadowed  in  the  Persons  of  "Arcadius  and  Sepha, 
&c.,  Lon.,  1561  ?  8vo.  Bibl.  Anglo-Poet.,  65,  £3  13s.  6d. 
Warton  remarks  that  it  would  appear  from  the  following 
passage  in  the  preface  to  this  volume,  that  Christopher  Mar 
lowe  was  a  favourite  with  Ben.  Jonson. 

"  The  strength  of  his  fancy,  and  the  shadowing  of  it  in  words, 
he  [Bosworth]  taketh  from  Mr.  Marlow  in  his  Hero  and  Leander, 
whose  mighty  lines  Mr.  Benjamin  lonson  (a  man  sensible  enough 
of  his  own  abilities)  was  often  heard  to  say  that  they  were  examples 
fitter  for  admiration  than  for  parallel." 

Boteler,  Edward.     Sermons,  1661,  '62,  '64,  '66. 

Boteler,  Nath.  Sermons,  1659.  Dialogues,  1685,  8vo. 

Boteville,  Francis,  assisted  Holinshed  in  his  Chro 
nicles. 

"  A  man  of  great  learning  and  judgment,  and  a  wonderful  lover 

Botomley,  S.    Grace  displayed,  1806. 

Botoner,  William,  or  William  Worcester,  b. 

about  1415,  d.  1490,  a  native  of  Bristol,  England,  studied  atj 
Hart  Hall,  Oxford,  1434.  Cicero  de  Senectute,  1475,  trans, 
from  the  French.  Itinerary ;  Cantab.,  1778,  8vo.  Anti 
quities  of  England.  Abbreviations  of  the  Learned,  and 
other  works. 

Bott,  Edmund.  Statutes  and  Decisions  respecting 
the  Poor  Laws,  1771. 

Bott,  Thomas,  1688-1754,  a  divine  of  the  Church  of 
England,  pub.  theolog.  works,  1724-30.  His  best-known 
work  is  An  Answer  to  vol.  1st  of  Warburton's  Divine  Le 
gation  of  Moses,  Lon.,  1743,  8vo. 

"  Mr.  Bott  seems  to  proceed  in  what  may  be  called  a  Socratic 
Logic.  He  grants  for  a  time  the  proposition,  and  helps  the  oppo 
nent  to  confute  himself,  merely  by  showing  him  the  absurd  con 
sequences." 

Mr.  Warburton  made  no  reply  to  this  stricture. 

Bottomley,  J.    A  Dictionary  of  Music,  1816. 

Boucher,  John,  d.  1818.  Twenty-two  Sermons,  New 
castle,  1820,  12mo. 
.  "  They  are  for  the  most  part  plain  and  parochial  Discourses  upon 
some  important  subjects  of  practical  religion.  The  author  was  a 
man  of  superior  talents  and  of  sound  learning." — Vide  Preface. 

Boucher,  Jonathan,  1738-1804,  a  native  of  Cum 
berland,  England,  emigrated  to  America  when  16,  and  re 
ceiving  holy  orders,  became  rector  of  Hanover,  then  of 
St.  Mary,  Virginia,  and  subsequently  rector  of  St.  Anne, 
Annapolis,  and  Queen  Anne,  in  Prince  George's  county, 
Maryland.  A  View  of  the  Causes  and  Consequences  of 
the  American  Revolution,  Lon.,  1797,  8vo.  The  Cumber 
land  Man,  1792;  (anon.)  Two  Assize  Sermons,  1799,  4to. 


BOU 

During  the  last  14  years  of  his  life  he  was  engaged  in  pre 
paring  a  glossary  of  Provincial  and  Archaic  words,  intended 
as  a  supplement  to  Johnson's  Dictionary.  He  issued  his 
proposals  in  1802,  under  the  title  of  Linguae  Anglicanae 
Veteris  Thesaurus.  He  did  not  live  to  complete  his  de- 
sign.  In  1804  the  words  under  the  letter  A  wer%  published, 
and  in  1832  (the  proprietors  of  the  English  edition  of  Dr. 
Webster's  Dictionary  purchased  Mr.  B.'s  MSS.)  appeared 
Boucher's  Glossary  of  Archaic  and  Provincial  Words,  edited 
by  the  Rev.  J.  Hunter  and  Joseph  Stevenson,  Ac.,  parts 

1  and  2,  4to.     This  collection  professes  to  contain :     I.  A 
large  collection  of  words  occurring  in  early  English  Au 
thors,  not  to  be  found  in  other  works.     II.  Additional  il 
lustrations  of  some  words  which  are  found  in  those  Dic 
tionaries.     III.  Relics  of  the  old  language  of  the  English 
Nation.     IV.  An  Introductory  Essay  on  the  origin  and 
history  of  the  language. 

Bonchery,  W.  Paraphrases  in  Deboraa  et  Baraci 
Canticum,  Camb.,  1706,  4to. 

Bonchette,  Jos.     British  Dominions  in  N.  America, 

2  vols.  4to.     Topographical  D.  of  Lower  Canada. 
Bouchier,  Barton.     Outlines  of  Grecian  History. 

"  A  pleasing  and  useful  introduction  for  young  readers  to  a  his 
tory  of  larger  extent,  and  many  of  maturer  years  may  find  inte 
rest  in  its  perusal." 

Boudier,  John.  Plain  and  Practical  Sermons,  Lon., 
1818,  8vo. 

"Very  good  specimens  of  familiar  parochial  instruction." — 
Christian  Remembrancer. 

Boudinot,  Elias,  1740-1821,  an  eminent  philanthro 
pist,  a  native  of  Philadelphia.  Age  of  Revelation,  or  the 
Age  of  Reason  an  Age  of  Infidelity,  1790;  again,  1801. 
Oration,  1793.  Second  Advent  of  the  Messiah,  1815. 
Star  in  the  West,  1816.  In  this  work  Mr.  B.  expresses 
the  opinion  that  the  N.  American  Indians  compose  the 
Lost  Tribes  of  Israel. 

Bon s?hen,  Edward.    Theolog.  works,  Lon.,  1620-73. 

Boughen,  Edward.     Sermon,  1714,  8vo. 

Boughtou,  Sir  C.  W.  B.  R.  Sub.  of  a  Speech, 
1798,  8vo. 

Boughton,  Sir  G.  B.  Military  and  Political  Con 
siderations  relative  to  G.  Britain  and  her  Oriental  Colonies, 
1808,  8vo. 

Boult,  Swinton.  The  Law  and  Practice  relative  to 
Joint-Stock  Companies,  Lon. 

"  A  judicious  pamphlet,  well  timed,  and  written  by  a  man  evi 
dently  conversant  with  the  subject." — London  Standard. 

"  It  will  be  read  with  much  interest  by  all  who  are  concerned 
in  Joint-Stock  Companies."— AlMm. 

Boulter,  Hugh,  1671-1742,  Bishop  of  Bristol,  1719, 
Archbishop  of  Armagh,  Lord  Primate  of  Ireland,  1724, 
was  born  in  or  near  London,  and  educated  at  Christ  Church, 
Oxford.  His  character  was  most  exemplary.  He  pub. 
eleven  separate  sermons,  1714-22,  and  several  charges. 
His  Letters  to  several  Ministers  of  State  in  England,  rela 
tive  to  Transactions  in  Ireland,  from  1724-38,  were  pub. 
Oxf.,  1769-70,  2  vols.  8vo. 

"  They  contain  the  most  authentic  account  of  Ireland  for  the 
period  in  which  they  were  written." — Editor  of  the  Letters. 

Boulton.  Vindication  of  a  Complete  History  of  Ma- 
gick,  Sorcery,  and  Witchcraft,  1722,  8vo. 

Boulton,  Dean  of  Carlisle.  Three  Essays  on  the  Em 
ployment  of  Time,  Lon.,  1754,  8vo. 

Boulton,  D'Arcy.     Sketch  of  U.  Canada,  1805,  4to. 

Boulton,  Richard.  Med.  and  other  works,  Lon., 
1697-1724. 

Boulton,  Samuel.  Medicina  magica  tamen  Phy- 
sica,  Lon.,  1656,  and  1665,  8vo.  A  curious  work. 

Boun,  Abr.  Tithes,  1650.  The  Clergy,  1651,  Lon.,  12mo. 

15 ouneher,  Samuel.    Sermon,  1693,  4to. 

Bound,  NIC.     See  BOWND. 

Bounden,  Jos.  Fatal  Curiosity;  a  Poem,  1805, 12mo. 

Bouquet,  Henry.  Account  of  the  Exp.  against  the 
Ohio  Indians,  Ac.,  1766, 4to.  See  Allen's  Amer.  Biog.  Diet. 

Bour,  Arthur.  A  Worthy  Myrrour,  wherein  ye  may 
Marke  an  Excellent  Discourse  on  a  Breeding  Larke,  Lon., 
sine  anno;  broadside. 

Bourchier,  Sir  John.    See  BERNERS,  LORD. 

Bourchier,  Thomas.  Historia  Ecclesiastica  de 
Martyrio  Fratrum  Ordinis  D.  Francisci,  Ac.,  Paris,  1582, 
8vo ;  in  Brit.  Museum  and  Bodleian  Library.  This  volume 
contains  much  interesting  matter  relative  to  Irish  eccle 
siastical  history. 

Bourke,  Jos.,  Abp.  of  Tuam.     Sermon,  1776,  4to. 

Bourke,  Lt.  Gen.  Sir  Richard,  K.C.B.,  assisted 
Earl  Fitzwilliam  in  editing  the  correspondence  (pub.  in 
1844)  of  Sir  Richard's  illustrious  relative,  the  great  Ed 
mund  Burke. 

Bourke,  Thomas.    History  of  the  Moors  in  Spain 


BOU 


BOU 


from  their  Invasion  of  that  Country  till  their  final  Expul 
sion  from  it,  Lon.,  1811,  4to. 

Bourke,  Ulick,  Marquis  of  Clanricarde.     Memoirs  j 
and  Letters,  containing  Original  Papers  and  Letters  of  I 
K.  Charles  II.  and  others  from  1650  to  1653,  <fec.,  Lon.,  | 
1722,  8vo.    Memoirs  and  Letters ;  as  above,  1641-53,  Lon., 
1757,  foL 

Bourn,  Abr.    Letter  on  the  Ch.  of  England,  1755,  8vo. 
Bourn,  or  Bourne,  Immanuel,  1590-1672,  a  di 
vine  of  the  Church  of  England,  educated  at  Christ  Church, 
Oxford,  preached  at  St.  Sepulchre's,  London.     Theolog. 
works,  1617-69. 

"This  person  was  well  read  in  the  fathers  and  schoolmen."— 
Athen.  Oxon. 

Bourn,  Samuel,  of  Bolton.  The  Transforming  Vi 
sion  of  Christ  in  the  Future  State,  1722,  8vo.  A  Sermon, 
1722,  8vo. 

Bourn,  Samuel,  of  Birmingham.  Twenty  Sermons, 
1755,  8vo. 

"  The  doctrine  of  the  Destructionists  is  largely  maintained  in 
these  sermons." 

Other  sermons,  1738-54. 

Bourn,  Samuel,  assistant  to  John  Taylor,  of  Nor 
wich,  was  the  founder  of  a  sect  of  Universalists,  called 
after  him,  Bourneans.  Fifty  Sermons  on  Various  Sub 
jects,  Critical,  Philosophical,  and  Moral,  Norwich,  1777, 
2  vols.  8vo.  Other  sermons,  1752,  '60,  '63. 

"  His  style  is  strong,  nervous,  and  manly,  clear,  intelligible  and 
concise,  and  the  structure  of  his  sentences  well  adapted  to  the 
pulpit." — Lon.  Monthly  Review. 

"  Specimen  of  a  good  style  for  sermons." — JOB  ORTON. 
Bourn,  Samuel.  Treatises  on  Wheel  Carriages,  Lon., 
1768,  '73,  8vo. 

Bourn,  Thomas.    Gazetteer  of  the  most  Remarkable 
Places  in  the  World,  Lon.,  1807,  Svo;  3d  edit.,  1822,  8vo. 
"  We  greatly  approve  this  work." — Lon.  Critical  Review. 
"Such  a  body  of  information  and  entertainment  within  the 
same  compass,  we  do  not  remember  to  have  seen." — Lon.  New 
Monthly  Mag. 

Bourne,  Benj.  The  Description  and  Confutation  of 
the  Familists,  Lon.  1646,  4to. 

Bourne,  Charles.  1.  Proceedings,  <fec.  in  K.  Bench. 
2.  Rules,  Ac.  of  K.  Bench,  1783-85. 

Bourne,  Rev.  Henry.  Antiquitates  Vulgares;  or, 
The  Antiquities  of  the  Common  People,  Newcastle,  1725, 
8vo.  This  work  was  repub.  in  1777,  8vo,  at  Newcastle, 
with  copious  additions,  by  John  Brand;  again,  Lon.,  1810, 
8vo;  and  a  new  edition  greatly  enlarged,  Lon.,  1813,  2 
vols.  4to,  by  Sir  Henry  Ellis.  See  Quarterly  Review,  xi. 
259-285 ;  BRAND,  JOHN.  History  of  Newcastle-upon-Tyne, 
Newc.,  1736,  fol.  In  the  compilation  of  this  work,  Mr.  B. 
was  under  obligations  to  Christopher  Hunter,  M.D.  See 
Nichols's  Lit.  Anecdotes,  vol.  viii.  283. 

Bourne,  John.  Railways  in  India,  Lon.,  Svo.  Ca 
techism  of  the  Steam  Engine,  Lon.,  12mo. 

"  No  book  ever  published  conveys  more  useful  and  practical  in 
formation  on  the  subject  than  this  Catechism.  As  a  popular  trea 
tise,  it  is,  beyond  comparison,  the  best  and  fullest  we  have  yet 
seen." — Lon.  Railway  Gazette. 

Treatise  on  the  Steam  Engine,  Lon.,  4to. 
"  Of  priceless  value  to  engine-makers  and  engine-users,  contain 
ing  a  vast  amount  of  practical  information  on  the  subject  of  the 
steam  engine,  such  as  is  to  be  met  with  nowhere  else." — Lon.  Me 
chanics'  Mag. 

Treatise  on  the  Screw  Propeller,  4to. 
Bourne,  J.  C.     1.  Views  on  the  Great  Western  Rail 
way,  Lon.,  1846,  fol.,  £4  14«.  Qd.     2.  Views  on  the  London 
and  Birmingham  Railway,  1839,  fol.,  £4  14s.  Qd. 

Bourne,  Nic.  Dispute,  concerning  Religion,  between 
Nic.  Bourne  and  the  Ministers  of  the  Kirk  of  Scotland, 
Paris,  1581,  Svo. 

Bourne,  Robert,  M.D.,  1769-1830,  Oxon.,  1787, 
Professor  of  the  Practice  of  Physic  in  the  University  of 
Oxford.  Introduc.  Lect.  to  a  Course  on  Chemistry,  Lon., 
1797,  Svo.  Oratio,  Lon.,  1797,  4to.  Cases  of  Pulmonary 
Consumption,  Ac.,  Lon.,  1805,  Svo. 

Bourne,  Vincent,  d.  1747,  an  usher  in  Westminster 
school,  was  elected  to  the  University  of  Cambridge  in  1714. 
His  Latin  poetry  was  greatly  admired.  Poemata,  Lon., 
1734,  Svo.  Poemata  Latine  partim  reddita,  partim  scripta, 
Lon.,  1750,  12mo.  Miscell.  Poems,  Originals  and  Trans 
lations,  Lon.,  1772,  4to.  Poetical  Works,  with  his  Letters, 
Lon.,  1808,  2  vols.  12mo.  Cowper,  who  was  his  pupil  at 
Westminster,  speaks  of  his  poetry  in  the  highest  terms  : 

"  I  love  the  memory  of  Vinny  Bourne.  I  think  him  a  better 
Latin  Poet  than  Tibullus,  Propertius,  Ausonius,  or  any  of  the 
writers  in  his  way,  except  Ovid,  and  not  at  all  inferior  to  him." 

Dr.  Beattie,  referring  to  Boileau's  ignorance  of  any  good 
poets  in  England  till  Addison  presented  him  with  the 
Musse  Anglicanse,  remarks  that 

"Those  foreigners  must  entertain  a  high  opinion  of  our  pasto- 
224 


ral  poetry  who  have  seen  the  translations  of  Vincent  Bourne,  par 
ticularly  those  of  the  ballads  of  Tweedside.  William  aud  Margaret, 
and  Rowe's  Despairing  beside  a  clear  stream,  of  which  it  is  no  com 
pliment  to  say.  that  in  sweetness  of  numbers,  and  elegant  expres 
sion,  they  are  at  least  equal  to  the  originals,  and  scarce  inferior  to 
any  thing  in  Ovid  or  Tibullus." — Seattle's  Essays.  See  also  Hay- 
ley's  Life  of  Cowper;  Welch's  Westminster  Scholars;  Cauta- 
brigienses  Graduati ;  Chalmers's  Biog.  Diet. 

Bourne,  William.  Almanack  for  1571,  '72,  '73,  Lon., 
1571,  Svo.  Inuentions,  or  Deuises,  1578,  4to.  The  Trea 
sure  for  Travellers,  1578,  4to.  A  curious  work.  Alma- 
nacke  for  10  years,  1580,  Svo.  A  Regiment  for  the  Sea, 
1584,  4to.  The  Arte  of  Shooting  in  Great  Ordinance, 
1587,  4to. 

Bourns,  Charles.  The  Principles  and  Practice  of 
Surveying,  Lon.,  Svo,  3d  edit. 

"  It  contains  all  that  is  required  to  render  it  not  only  a  source 
of  instruction,  but  also  a  most  excellent  work  of  reference." — 
Mining  Journal. 

"  On  Engineering  Surveying  there  is  much  valuable  informa 
tion,  which  subject  has  hitherto  been  strangely  neglected." — Dub 
lin  Packet. 

Bouse,  Henry.     Lett,  to  Ld.  King  on  Bankers,  1804. 
Bousell,  John.     Quaker  works,  1790-93,  Svo. 
Bousfield,  Benj.     Obs.  on   Burke's  Pamph.,  Lon., 
1791,  Svo. 

Boutcher,  Wm.  On  Forest  Trees  j  with  Directions 
for  planting  Hedges,  &c.,  Lon.,  1772,  4to. 

Boutell,  Rev.  Charles.  Christian  Monuments  in 
England  and  Wales,  Lon.,  r.  Svo.  The  Monumental  Brasses 
of  England ;  149  engravings  on  wood,  r.  Svo,  and  fol. 

"  Each  number  of  Mr.  Boutell's  collection  might  form  the  text 
of  a  monograph  on  Medieval  Costume  in  its  three  great  divisions, 
Military,  Ecclesiastical,  and  Secular ."-Archieoloffical  Journal,  vol. 
vi.  p.  91. 

Monumental  Brasses  and  Slabs ;  with  200  illustrations, 
Svo,  and  r.  Svo. 

"The  whole  work  has  a  look  of  painstaking  completeness, 
highly  commendable." — London  Athenaeum. 

Bouverie, Sophia.  St.  Justin,  Lon.,  1808,3  vols.!2mo. 
Bouvet,  T.  1.  Muscovite  Empire.  2.  Life  of  Emperor 
Cang-hy,  Lon.,  1699,  Svo.  At  the  time  when  this  work  was 
published,  very  little  was  known  of  China  and  its  people. 
Within  the  last  twenty  years  (1836-56)  many  valuable 
works  on  these  subjects  have  appeared. 

Bouvier,  Hannah  M.,  b.  1811,  at  Philadelphia,  only 
child  of  the  succeeding,  and  the  inheritor  of  his  ardent  love 
of  knowledge,  devotion  to  study,  and  remarkable  powers 
of  mental  analysis,  in  addition  to  the  ordinary  routine  of 
a  liberal  education,  has  cultivated  with  eminent  success 
the  higher  branches  of  astronomical  science.  In  1857,  she 
gave  to  the  world  the  results  of  her  studious  application  in 
a  volume  entitled  Familiar  Astronomy;  or,  An  Intro 
duction  to  the  Study  of  the  Heavens,  Illustrated  by  Celes 
tial  Maps  and  upwards  of  200  finely-executed  Engravings. 
To  which  is  added  A  Treatise  on  the  Globes,  and  a  Com 
prehensive  Astronomical  Dictionary,  [with  a  copious 
Index,]  for  the  Use  of  Schools,  Families,  and  Private  Stu 
dents,  Phila.,  1857,  Svo,  pp.  499.  This  admirable  manual 
at  once  elicited  the  enthusiastic  commendation  of  many  of 
the  most  distinguished  astronomers  both  in  Great  Britain 
and  America, — viz. :  Lord  Rosse,  Sir  John  F.  W.  Herschel, 
Sir  David  Brewster,  Rear-Admiral  W.  H.  Smyth,  J.  Russell 
Hind,  John  Narrien,  G.  B.  Airy,  J.  P.  Nichol,  Dr.  Lardner, 
Dr.  Dick,  William  Lassell,  George  Bishop,  A.  De  Morgan, 
Rev.  W.  R.  Dawes,  W.  C.  Bond,  B.  A.  Gould,  Jr.,  Lieut, 
Maury,  Denison  Olmsted,  W.  H.  C.  Bartlett,  Stephen  Alex 
ander,  and  Elias  Loomis.  We  annex  a  few  quotations  from 
these  opinions : 

"  I  consider  it  a  work  of  great  value.  It  is  evidently  the  result 
of  a  careful  consideration,  not  only  of  the  different  branches  of 
astronomy  properly  so  called,  (as  embodied  in  the  publication  of 
various  kinds  which  have  attracted  great  attention  in  the  present 
day,  especially  the  records  of  new  classes  and  with  new  insti  u- 
ments,)  but  also  of  the  collateral  sciences, — optics,  for  example. 
So  far  as  I  know,  no  work  which  I  have  seen,  of  a  partly-familiar 
character,  contains  so  much  accurate  information  on  astronomy." 
— GEO.  BIDDELL  AIRY,  Astronomer  Royal  of  England,  Nov.  4, 185C. 
"  I  consider  it  a  work  very  well  calculated  to  give  an  accurate 
knowledge  of  the  principal  facts  of  astronomy  and  to  prepare  a 
young  student  for  the  perusal  of  works  of  a  more  abstruse  and 
technical  nature."— SIR  JOHN  F.  W.  HERSCIIEL,  March  2,  1857. 

"'Familiar  Astronomy'  is  a  work  exhibiting  the  scientific  zeal 
and  intelligence  of  its  author;  and  from  the  method  of  question 
and  answer  it  appears  to  be  admirably  adapted  for  teaching  that 
delightful  science."— REAR-ADMIRAL  W.  H.  SMYTH. 

"  I  have  inspected  the  greater  part  of  the  volume,  and  have  formed 
a  very  high  opinion  of  it  and  of  the  genius  and  laborious  investiga 
tions  of  the  authoress.  It  is  a  work  which  embraces  almost  everj 
thing  requisite  for  imparting  to  general  readers  a  knowledge  ol 
every  branch  of  astronomical  science;  and  the  information  it  com 
municates  is  both  ample  and  correct.  The  volume  is  handsomely 
got  up:  the  pictorial  illustrations  are  beautiful  and  accurate,  par 
ticularly  those  which  exhibit  the  nebulae  and  other  phenomena  ot 
the  sidereal  heavens."— Dii.  DICK,  Dec.  27, 1856. 


BOU 


BOW 


"The  leading  facts  of  astronomy  tip  to  the  present  time  are  ac 
curately  and  clearly  stated :  and  in  the  selection  of  materials,  the 
arrangement  and  style,  the  work  appears  to  be  the  best  elementary 
book  I  have  seen." — LORD  ROSSE,  the  owner  of  the  great  Mosse 
Telescope. 

"  In  this  list  we  must  not  omit  mention  of  a  remarkable  Ameri 
can  woman,  who  has  achieved  signal  success  in  the  science  of 
astronomy,— who,  in  fact,  may  justly  be  termed  the  Mary  Somer- 
ville  of  the  United  States."— TRUBNER  :  Bibliographical  Guide, 
new  ed.,  1858. 

Bouvier,  John,  1787-1851,  Recorder  of  the  City  of 
Philadelphia,  Associate  Judge  of  the  Court  of  Criminal 
Sessions  in  the  same  city,  and  an  eminent  legal  writer, 
was  a  native  of  the  village  of  Codognan  in  the  department 
of  Gard,  in  the  south  of  France.  Having  been  a  resident 
of  America  since  his  15th  year,  and  identifying  his  name 
with  American  and  English  jurisprudence,  we  need  make 
no  apology  for  enrolling  the  name  of  Judge  Bouvier  in  a 
list  of  British  and  American  authors.  The  first  indication 
which  John  Bouvier  exhibited  of  that  remarkable  power 
of  analysis  which  eminently  distinguished  his  mind,  was 
the  production  of  an  abridgment  of  Blackstone's  Commen 
taries,  the  fruit  of  his  leisure  hours  whilst  preparing  for 
admission  to  the  bar.  In  1839  he  pub.  a  work,  which, 
with  all  the  rest  of  his  useful  and  laborious  compilations, 
has  attained  great  and  deserved  popularity  : 

A  Law  Dictionary,  adapted  to  the  Constitution  and 
Laws  of  the  United  States  of  America,  and  of  the  several 
States  of  the  American  Union ;  with  References  to  the 
Civil  and  other  Systems  of  Foreign  Law.  Phila.,  2  vols. 
4th  edit,  revised,  improved,  and  greatly  enlarged,  Phila., 
1853,  2  vols.  r.  8vo.  The  following  excellent  mottoes, 
than  which  nothing  better  could  have  been  chosen,  appear 
on  the  title-page : 

"  Ignorantis  terminis  ignorantur  et  ars." — Co.  LITT.  2  a. 

"  Je  sais  que  chaque  science  et  chaque  art  a  ses  termes  propres, 
inconnu  au  commun  des  hommes." — FLEURY. 

A  layman's  commendation  of  a  profound  professional 
work  very  properly  carries  with  it  but  little  weight.  For 
this  cause,  and  other  obvious  reasons,  we  have  always 
preferred,  in  our  Encyclopaedia,  to  adduce  the  opinions  of 
eminent  authorities  upon  works  respecting  which  similar 
pursuits  had  authorized  a  judgment  at  once  intelligent  and 
ex  cathedra. 

"  Immediately  on  its  appearance,  this  work  received  the  entire 
and  cordial  approval  of  our  most  eminent  jurists,  such  as  Story  and 
Kent,  Greenleaf,  Randall,  and  Baldwin,  and  was  received  with 
equal  approbation  in  other  lands.  Joy^  the  distinguished  Irish 
writer  of '  Letters  on  Legal  Education  in  England  and  Ireland.'  not 
only  commended  it  in  his  volume  as  a  '  work  of  a  most  elaborate 
character  as  compared  with  English  works  of  a  similar  nature,' 
but  in  a  private  letter  to  its  author  expressed  his  sense  of  his  high 
reputation.  To  this  work  the  Judge  had  devoted  the  most  unre 
mitting  labour  for  ten  years ;  and  during  the  remainder  of  his  life 
he  spent  much  time  on  its  improvement.  Many  of  its  articles 
were  rewritten,  and  large  additions  made  to  it,  so  that  the  fourth  edi 
tion  may  be  said  to  be  the  work  of  nearly  a  quarter  of  a  century." 
—From  the  National  Portrait  Gallery  of  Distinguished  Americans. 

"  Bouvier's  Law  Dictionary  is  the  best  book  of  the  kind  in  use 
for  the  American  lawyer.  It  contains  sufficient  reference  to  Eng 
lish  and  foreign  law,  with  a  very  full  synopsis  of  such  portions  of 
American  jurisprudence  as  require  elucidation.  In  the  second 
edition  the  author  recast  many  of  the  titles,  and  added  about  a 
thousand  new  ones.  By  means  of  correspondence  with  members 
of  the  bar  in  different  states,  and  by  a  careful  examination  of  local 

?atises,  the  author  has  produced  not  only  a  good  American  Law 
JJichonary,  but  one  sufficiently  local  for  all  practical  purposes."— 
Marvin's  Legal  Bibliography,  p.  138. 

Extract  of  a  Letter  to  Judge  Bouvier  from  Chief  Justice  Story: 

"A.  very  important  and  most  useful  addition  to  our  judicial 
literature.  It  supplies  a  defect  in  our  libraries,  where  the  small 
dictionaries  are  so  brief  as  to  convey  little  information  of  an  accu 
rate  nature  to  students,  and  the  large  ones  are  rather  compen- 
diums  of  the  law,  than  explanatory  statements  of  terms.  Yours 
has  the  great  advantage  of  an  intermediate  character.  It  defines 
terms,  and  occasionally  explains  subjects,  so  as  to  furnish  students 
at  once  the  means  and  the  outlines  of  knowledge.  I  will  feel 
greatly  honoured  by  the  dedication  of  the  work  to 'me,  &c.  With 
the  highest  respect,  truly  your  obliged  friend,  JOSEPH  STORY  " 

"  I  have  run  over  almost  every  article  in  it,  and  beg  leave  to  add 
that  I  have  been  deeply  impressed  with  the  evidences  throughout 
the  volumes,  of  the  industry,  skill,  learning,  and  judgment  with 
which  the  work  has  been  compiled."— CHANCELLOR  KENT. 

"  Not  only  the  best  which  has  been  published,  but  in  itself  a 
valuable  acquisition  to  the  bar  and  bench,  by  which  both  will 
profit." — HON.  JUDGE  BALDWIN,  U.  S.  Supreme  Court. 

"  One  of  the  most  useful  works  of  the  kind  in  print." — HON 
JUDGE  RANDALL,  U.  S.  District  Court. 

"  For  extent  of  research,  clearness  of  definitions  and  illustration, 
variety  of  matter  and  exactness  of  learning,  it  is  not  surpassed  by 
any  in  use,  and,  on  every  account,  I  think,  is  preferable  to  them 
all." — HON.  JUDGE  GREENLEAF. 

In  1841  Judge  Bouvier  undertook  the  laborious  task  of 
the  preparation  of  a  new  edition  of  Bacon's  Abridgment 
of  the  Law,  in  10  r.  8vo  volumes,  including  about  8,000 
pages.  One  of  these  volumes  was  edited  by  Judge  Ran 
dall  ;  and  Mr.  Robert  E.  Peterson,  the  well-known  pub 


lisher  of  Philadelphia,  a  son-in-law  of  Judge  Bouvier, 
took  charge  of  a  portion  of  another  volume.  With  this 
exception,  the  whole  of  this  Herculean  task  devolved  upon 
our  indefatigable  author,  who  completed  it  in  the  intervals 
of  business  in  only  four  years  ! 

"  Among  other  improvements,  he  prepared  the  first  index  it  ever 
had,  for  each  volume,  and  a  general  one  for  the  whole.  A  single 
sentence  as  to  the  character  of  this  work,  as  it  came  from  his  hands, 
would  be  entirely  superfluous."  See  BACON,  MATTHEW. 

Judge  Bouvier  had  now  earned  a  substantial  claim  to 
the  gratitude  of  the  profession,  by  the  laborious  zeal  with 
which  he  had  endeavoured  to  provide  for  the  student  a 
clue  through  the  apparently  interminable  labyrinth  of 
statute  and  common  law.  But  he  had  long  felt  the  need 
of  a  compendious,  yet  easily  comprehensible,  summary  of 
American  law,  which  should  at  once  serve  as  a  guide  to 
the  youthful  student,  and  as  a  convenient  digest  of  know 
ledge,  perhaps  acquired  in  earlier  years,  but  now  partially 
forgotten,  by  the  "Gamaliels  of  the  profession."  The 
mind  of  no  man  can  be  guaranteed  as  "  marble  to  retain," 
and  between  that  which  we  never  knew,  and  that  which 
we  know  not  when  we  need  it,  there  is  for  practical  pur 
poses  but  little  difference. 

The  analytical  system  of  Pothier  was  held  by  our  author 
in  great  admiration.  His  mind  was  essentially  of  the  same 
cast— delighting  in  rigid  analysis  of  subject,  scrupulous 
care  in  classification,  and  severe  accuracy  in  definition 
and  terminology.  It  is  well  known  that  the  compilers  of 
the  Code  Napoleon  owe  much  of  the  credit  which  has  re 
warded  their  labours  to  the  Pandectae  Justin  ianeae,  and 
other  works  of  Pothier.  Judge  Bouvier  determined  to 
undertake  a  compend  of  American  Law,  based  upon  the 
method  of  Pothier.  Finding  his  own  views  as  to  the  sys 
tematical  arrangement  of  legal  subjects  confirmed  by  so 
eminent  an  authority,  he  was  strengthened  by  that  en 
couragement  which  mental  assimilation  always  confers 
upon  men  of  remarkable  grasp  of  intellect.  When  con 
templating  "enterprises  of  great  pith  and  moment/'  it  is 
a  great  satisfaction  to  the  adventurer  to  find  that  others 
have  been  inflamed  by  the  same  zeal,  and  buoyed  up  under 
difficulties  by  a  like  hope.  The  sailor  who  "hugs  the 
coast,"  cares  little  for  companionship;  but  he  who  en 
counters  a  fellow-mariner  on  the  wide  waste  of  waters  feels 
the  consolations  of  sympathy  and  continues  his  voyage 
with  renewed  courage.  That  we  may  not  be  suspected  of 
under-estimation  of  labours  of  which  we  must  necessarily 
be  an  incompetent  judge,  we  shall  strengthen  our  position 
by  some  brief  extracts  from  some  of  the  most  learned  "opi 
nions"  of  which  the  American  bench  and  bar  can  boast. 

The  Institutes  of  American  Law  was  pub.  in  1851,  in  4 
vols.  8vo.  The  author  may  be  said  to  have  "  died  in  the 
harness :"  in  two  months  after  he  had  the  gratification  of 
seeing  the  result  of  his  arduous  labours  given  to  the  world, 
he  was  gathered  to  the  "house  appointed  for  all  living." 

"  It  is  a  work  of  very  great  value.  .  .  .  The  general  plan,  and  the 
order  and  arrangement  of  the  subjects  of  which  it  treats,  could 
I  not,  I  think,  be  improved.     And  I  may  say  the  same  thing  of  the 
|  manner  in  which  the  plan  is  carried  into  execution.    For  every 
principle  and  rule  is  stated  with  brevity  and  perspicuity,  and  sup 
ported  by  proper  reference." — HON.  ROGER  B.  TANEY,  Chief  Justice 
of  the  United  States. 

"  I  know  of  no  work  which  shows  so  much  research,  and  which 
embodies  so  generally  the  elementary  principles  of  American  Law, 
as  the  Institutes  of  Mr.  Bouvier.  His  name  is  most  favourably 
known  to  the  profession  by  his  previous  works ;  and  I  am  greatly 
mistaken  if  his  Institutes  shall  not  add  to  his  high  reputation  as 
an  able  and  learned  law-writer.  The  Institutes  ought  not  only  to 
be  found  in  the  hands  of  every  student  of  law,  but  on  the  shelf 
of  every  lawyer."— HON.  JOHN  MCLEAN,  Associate  Judge  of  the  Su 
preme  Court  of  the  United  States. 

"  It  forms  a  valuable  addition  to  legal  science,  and  is  well  calcu 
lated  to  become  a  text-book  for  students." — HON.  JOHN  M.  READ. 

Judges  Wayne,  Greenleaf,  Green,  Grier,  Irwin,  and  Kane, 
add  their  testimony  to  the  high  authorities  quoted  above. 

Bovet,  Richard.  Pandaemonium,  or  the  Devil's  Cloy- 
ster ;  being  a  Further  Blow  to  Modern  Sadduceism,  proving 
the  Existence  of  Witches  and  Spirits,  Lon.,  1684,  8vo. 

Bovyer,  R.  G.    Education  for  the  Infant  Poor,  1811. 

Bowack,  John.  Antiquities  of  Middlesex:  Parts  1 
and  2,  all  pub.,  Lon.,  1705,  fol. 

Bowater,  John.     Sermon,  Lon.,  1694,  8vo. 

Bowber,  Thomas.     Sermon,  1805,  4to. 

Bowchier,Josh.  Haereticus  Triumphatus,0xon.,1719. 

Bowchier,  Richard.     Sermon,  Lon.,  1692,  4to. 

Bowden,  A.  Treatise  on  the  Dry  Rot,  Lon.,  1815,  8vo. 

Bowden,  James.  Covenant-Right  of  Infants  as  to 
Baptism,  Lon.,  12mo.  Family  Conversations,  12mo.  His 
tory  of  the  Society  of  Friends  in  America,  p.  8vo.  Reli 
gious  Education  Enforced,  12mo. 

Bowden,  John.     Epitaph- Writer ;  containing  600 


BOW 

Epitaphs,  Moral,  Admonitory,  Humorous,  and  Satirical, 
Lon.,  1791,  12mo. 

Bowden,  John.    Serm.,  1704,  '15? 

Bowden,  John,  D.D.,  d.  1817,  aged  65,  Professor  of 
Belles-Lettres  and  Moral  Philosophy  in  Columbia  College, 
New  York,  was  an  Episcopal  clergyman  for  more  than  forty 
years.  In  1787,  he  was  rector  of  Norwalk.  He  was  elected 
Bishop  of  Connecticut,  but,  as  he  declined,  Dr.  Jarvis  was 
appointed.  Dr.  B.  pub.  A  Letter  to  E.  Styles,  1787,  and 
The  Apostolic  Origin  of  Episcopacy,  in  a  Series  of  Letters 


to  Dr.  Miller,  2  vols.  8vo,  1808. 
Bowden,  John  William. 


The  Life  and  Pontificate 


of  Gregory  VII.,  [Hildebrand,]  2  vols.  8vo,  Lon,  1840.  See 
a  review  in  Brit  Critic,  xxix.  280. 

Bowden,  Joseph.  Serms.,  Lon.,  1804,  8vo.  Prayers 
and  Discourses  for  the  Use  of  Families,  1816,  8vo. 

«  The  subjects  of  these  Sermons  are  of  a  practical  nature,  and 
the  preacher  discourses  on  them  with  calmness  and  simplicity." 
Lon.  Month.  Rev. 

Bowden,  Thomas.  The  Farmer's  Director;  or,  Com 
pendium  of  English  Husbandry,  Lon.,  8vo.  Donaldson 
(in  Agricult.  Biog.)  places  this  work  under  1803  and  also 
under  1809. 

Bowdich,  Thomas  Edward,  1790-1824,  a  native 
of  Bristol.  1.  Mission  from  Cape  Coast  Castle  to  Ashantee, 
Lon.,  1819,  4to. 

"  A  work  of  considerable  importance,  from  the  account  it  gives 
us  of  a  people  hitherto  almost  entirely  unknown,  and  from  the 
light  which  the  very  diligent  and  laborious  inquiries  of  Mr.  Bow 
dich  have  thrown  upon  the  geography  of  Africa." — Edin.  Rev. 

2.  Trans.  Mollien's  Travels  to  the  Sources  of  the  Senegal 
and  Gambia.  3.  British  and  French  Expedition  to  Teembo. 
4.  Account  of  the  Discoveries  of  the  Portuguese  in  Angola 
and  Mozambique,  1824,  8vo.  5.  Excursions  in  Madeira 
and  Porto  Santo,  Ac.,  1825,  4to.  This  was  pub.  by  his 
widow.  Three  works,  illustrated,  on  Mammalia,  Birds, 
and  Shells.  Other  works  and  essays. 

Bowditch,  Nathaniel,  LL.D.,  1773-1838,  a  native 
of  Salem,  Massachusetts,  has  won  an  enduring  reputation 
by  his  translation  of,  accompanied  with  a  commentary  on, 
the  Mecanique  Celeste  of  La  Place,  pub.  in  4  large  4to 
vols.,  Boston,  1829,  '32,  '34,  '38.  The  example  of  Bowditch 
should  operate  as  a  stimulus  to  the  ambition  of  every  un 
educated  youth  who  desires  tp  supply  the  defects  of  earlier 
years.  The  son  of  a  cooper,  he  was  taken  from  school  at 
the  age  of  ten  years,  and  apprenticed  to  a  ship-chandler. 
On  attaining  his  majority,  he  went  to  sea  as  an  inferior 
officer  in  a  merchant  vessel.  So  great  was  his  thirst  for 
knowledge,  and  so  accurate  his  powers  of  observation, 
that  he  had  arranged  an  Almanac,  complete  in  all  its  parts, 
at  the  age  of  15.  His  first  publication  was  The  Practical 
Navigator. 

"  Scarcely  surpassed  in  usefulness  by  any  of  the  time,  and  im 
mediately  driving  all  others  of  the  same  class  out  of  circulation." 
— N.  American  Review. 

The  English  edit,  of  this  work,  edited  by  Kirby,  was 
pub.  in  London  by  Mr.  Hardy,  1802,  8vo.  By  accident  he 
obtained  a  copy  of  Newton's  Principia,  and  taught  himself 
Latin  that  he  might  read  the  work,  and  he  made  a  transla 
tion  of  the  whole. 

He  made  four  voyages  to  the  East  Indies,  and  one  to 
Europe,  and  at  the  age  of  30  became  President  of  an  In 
surance  Company  in  his  native  town.     This  office  he  held 
for  twenty  years,  when  he  was  transferred  to  the  place  of 
Actuary  of  the  Massachusetts  Life  Insurance  Company, 
which  post  he  held  for  the  rest  of  his  life.     He  lived  to 
superintend  through  the  press  the  whole  of  his  translation 
of  La  Place,  with  the  exception  of  the  pages  post  1000  of 
vol.  iv.     The  expense  of  publication  was  estimated  at 
$10,000,  (which  it  exceeded,)  and  although  the  American 
Academy  of  Arts  and  Sciences  and  some  of  his  personal 
friends  offered  to  issue  the  work  at  their  own  cost,  he  de 
clined  their  liberal  proposal,  and  determined,  with  the 
consent  of  his  family,  to  undertake  it   himself.      Their 
decision  as   to  whether  he  should  expend  one-third  of 
his  fortune   in   this  enterprise  deserves   to  be  recorded. 
His  wife,  without  whose  encouragement  Bowditch  often 
declared  his  great  work  would  never  have  seen  the  light, 
urged  him  to  give  the  result  of  his  labours  to  the  world, 
and  promised  to  make  any  sacrifice  which  would  facilitate 
his  plans.     His  children  urged  him  to  go  on:  "We  value 
your  reputation  more  than  your  money,"  was  their  noble 
response.     The  work  was  most  favourably  received. 

"  The  idea  of  undertaking  a  translation  of  the  whole  Mecanique 
Celeste,  accompanied  throughout  with  a  copious  running  comment 
ary,  is  one  which  savours,  at  first  sight,  of  the  gigantesque,  and  is 
certainly  one  which,  from  what  we  have  hitherto  had  reason  to 
conceive  of  the  popularity  and  diffusion  of  mathematical  know 
ledge  on  the  opposite  shores  of  the  Atlantic,  we  should  never  have 


BOW 

expected  to  have  originated — or,  at  least,  to  have  been  carried  into 
execution — in  that  quarter.  The  first  volume  only  has  as  yet 
reached  us;  and  when  we  consider  the  great  difficulty  of  printing 
works  of  this  nature,  to  say  nothing  of  the  heavy  and  probably 
unremunerated  expense,  we  are  not  surprised  at  the  delay  of  the 
second.  Meanwhile,  the  part  actually  completed  (which  contains 
the  first  two  books  of  Laplace's  work)  is.  with  few  and  slight  ex 
ceptions,  just  what  we  could  have  wished  to  see — an  exact  and 
careful  translation  into  very  good  English — exceedingly  well 
printed,  and  accompanied  with  notes  appended  to  each  page,  which 
leave  no  step  in  the  text  of  moment  unsupplied,  and  hardly  any 
material  difficulty  either  of  conception  or  reasoning  uuelucidated. 
To  the  student  of  '  Celestial  Mechanism'  such  a  work  must  be  in 
valuable."—  Lon.  Quarterly  Review,  vol.  xlvii.  1832. 

See  Review  by  B.  Peirce  in  N.  American  Review,  xlviii. 
143 :  also  notices  of  Bowditch,  in  American  Jour,  of 
Science,  xxxv.  1 ;  Hunt's  Mag.,  i.  33  ;  Am.  Almanac,  1836, 
228;  Amer.  Quar.  Reg.,  xi.  309;  Oration  by  Mr.  Pickering 
before  the  American  Academy;  Discourse  by  Judge  White; 
Private  Memoir  by  N.  I.  Bowditch,  Bost.,  1839. 

Bowditch,  Nathaniel  Ingersoll,  eldest  son  of  the 
preceding,  b.  in  Salem,  Mass.,  removed  to  Boston,  1823.  1. 
Memoir  of  Nathaniel  Bowditch,  prefixed  to  Mecanique  C6- 
leste,  1839;  2d  ed.,  1840,  4to.  2.  History  of  the  Massa 
chusetts  General  Hospital,  1851,  8vo.  3.  Suffolk  Surnames, 
Bost.,  1857 ;  2d  ed.,  enlarged,  1858,  8vo. 

Bowditch,  Samuel.  Con.  to  Phil.  Trans.,  1713. 
Bowdler,  Miss  E.  Sermons  on  the  Doctrine  and 
Duties  of  Christianity,  Lon.,  1828,  12mo.  Of  these  Ser 
mons,  43  editions  had  been  sold  in  1836.  Bishop  Porteus 
admired  them  so  highly  that  he  directed  the  publisher  to 
inform  their  clerical  author  that  he  would  provide  him 
with  "  a  living"  in  his  gift.  Poems  and  Essays,  &c. 

Bowdler,  Mrs.  H.  M.  Practical  Observations  on 
the  Revelation  of  St.  John;  2d  edit.,  Bath,  1800,  12mo. 
Designed  for  those  who  have  not  leisure  or  inclination  to 
examine  the  prophetical  meaning  of  the  Apocalypse. 

"  Many  such  readers  will   doubtless  be  found ;    and  whoever 
takes  up  the  book  with  a  serious  mind,  will  be  edified  by  the  good 
sense,  piety,  and  modesty  of  the  writer."— Brit.  Ct  itic,  O.  S.  vol.  xvi. 
Pen  Tamar,  or  the  History  of  an  Old  Maid,  Lon.,  8vo. 
"  Written  with  great  simplicity."    Lon.  Monthly  Review. 
Other  works. 

Bowdler,  John.     Reform  or  Ruin,  Lon.,  1779,  8vo. 
Bowdler,  John,  Jr.,  barrister.     Select  Pieces  in 
Prose  and  Verse,  Lon.,  1818,  2  vols.  8vo. 

"The  peculiar  value  of  these  volumes    is  the  combination  of 
talent,  of  taste,  and  of  piety  which  they  exhibit."— Lon.  Q.  Rev. 
Theological  Tracts,  1818,  12mo. 
"  An  able  writer."— BICKERSTETH. 

Bowdler,  Thomas,  1782-1857.  Serms.  on  the  Nature, 
Offices,  and  Character  of  Jesus  Christ,  Lon.,  2  vols.  8vo. 
Other  works. 

Bowdler,  Thos.,  1754-1825.  Letters  from  Holland, 
Lon.,  1788,  8vo.  Life  of  General  Villettes,  &c.,  1815,  8vo. 
iberty,  Civil  and  Religious,  1816,  8vo.  The  Family 
shakspeare;  in  which  nothing  is  added  to  the  original 
Text;  but  those  Words  and  Expressions  are  omitted  which 
cannot  with  Propriety  be  read  aloud  in  a  Family,  Lon., 
8  vols.  8vo,  £4  14«.  6d. ;  and  10  vols.  r.  18mo,  £3  3*. 

We  are  of  opinion,  that  it  requires  nothing  more  than  a  notice, 
to  bring  this  very  meritorious  publication  into  general  circulation. 
Lt  is  quite  undeniable,  that  there  are  many  passages,  in  Shaks- 
peare,  which  a  father  could  not  read  aloud  to  his  children ;  a  bro 
ther  to  his  sister;  or  a  gentleman  to  a  lady.  Mr.  Bowdler  has 
only  effaced  those  gross  indecencies  which  every  one  must  have 
felt  as  blemishes,  and  by  the  removal  of  which  no  imaginable  ex 
cellence  can  be  affected.  So  far  from  being  missed  on  their  re 
moval,  the  work  generally  appears  more  natural  and  harmonious 
without  them."— Earn.  Rev.,No.  71.  See  Athen.  1858,  Pt,  2,  233. 

Family  Gibbon ;  reprinted  from  the  Original  Text,  with 
the  careful  Omission  of  all  Passages  of  an  irreligious  or 
immoral  Tendency,  5  vols.  8vo,  £3  3». 

Bowdoin,  James,  1727-1790,  Governor  of  Massa 
chusetts,  was  author  of  a  poetic  Paraphrase  of  the  Econo 
my  of  Human  Life,  1759.  He  also  pub.  a  philosophical 
discourse,  addressed  to  the  American  Academy  of  Arts 
and  Sciences  in  Boston,  1780 — the  year  in  which  he  be 
came  president  of  the  Institution.  This,  and  several  other 
papers  of  his,  will  be  found  in  the  first  vol.  of  the  Society's 
Memoirs. 

"  These  productions  manifest  no  common  taste  and  talents  in 
astronomical  inquiries." 

Bowdoin,  James,  1752-1811,  son  of  the  preceding? 
minister  of  the  United  States  to  Spain,  pub.  a  trans,  of 
Dauberton's  Advice  to  Shepherds ;  Opinions  respecting 
the  Commercial  Intercourse  between  the  United  States 
and  Great  Britain,  (anon.) 

Bowen,  Mrs.     Kenilworth  Castle,  and  other  Poems, 
Lon.,  8vo.     Ystradffin ;  a  Descriptive  Poem,  8vo. 
Bowen,  Captain.    A  Statement  of  Facts,  1791, 8vo. 
Bowen,  Eli,  b.  1824,  iu  Lancaster  co.,  Penn.    1.  Coal 


BOW 


BOW 


Regions  of  Pennsylvania,  8vo.  2.  The  U.  S.  Post-Office 
System,  8vo.  3.  Pictorial  Sketeh-Book  of  Pennsylvania, 
Svo.  4.  Rambles  in  the  Path  of  the  Steam-Horse,  8vo. 

Bo  wen,  Emanuel.  English  Atlas,  Lon.,  1747,  2 
vols.  fol.  A  Complete  Atlas,  Lon.,  1752,  foL 

Bowen,  Francis,  b.  Sept.  8,  1811,  at  Charlestown 
Mass,  j  grad.  at  Harvard  Coll.,  1833 ;  Alford  Prof,  of  Na 
tural  Religion,  Moral  Philosophy,  and  Civil  Polity  in  Har 
vard  Coll. ;  editor  of  the  N.  Amer.  Rev.,  1843-54.  Essays 
on  Speculative  Philosophy,  Bosk,  1842, 12mo:  see  notice  in 
Eclec.  Mag.,  v.  215.  Virgil,  with  English  Notes,  Bosk,  Svo 
Lowell  Lectures  on  the  Application  of  Metaphysical  and 
Ethical  Science  to  the  Evidences  of  Religion,  Bost.,1849,  Svo. 
See  notices  in  Chris.  Exam.,  xlviii.  88 ;  Chris.  Rev.,  xv.  78. 
"  Mr.  Bowen's  Lectures  were  received  with  very  great  satisfaction, 
as  they  were  delivered  before  auditors  fit,  and  yet  not  few.  Now 
that  they  are  in  print,  we  believe  that  they  will  be  regarded  as  ex 
hibiting  signal  ability,  and  as  possessing  very  high  merits,  by 
those  who,  not  having  been  hearers,  shall  give  them  a  careful  pe 
rusal.  .  .  .  We  shall  be  disappointed  if  his  volume  is  not  received 
as  a  most  valuable  contribution  to  speculative  philosophy,  not 
merely  by  men  of  the  conservative  and  cautious  schools,  but  by 
the  mass  of  those  deliberate  and  unprejudiced  readers  who  know 
not  that  they  belong  to  any  party.  .  .  .  We  commend  this  volume, 
first  of  all,  because  it  is  written  in  the  vernacular  tongue,  in 
good,  wholesome  English.  It  is  free  from  barbarisms,  Ger 
manisms,  and  all  affectations.  The  author  knew  what  he  wished 
to  say,  and  he  said  it  in  a  way  to  let  us  know  what  it  was." — 
Christian  Examiner. 

To  Mr.  Bowen  we  are  indebted  for  an  edition,  revised 
and  corrected,  with  an  addition  of  a  History  of  the  U. 
States,  of  Dr.  Weber's  Outlines  of  Universal  History, 
Boston,  r.  Svo. 

Documents  of  the  Constitution  of  England  and  America 
from  Magna  Charta  to  the  Federal  Constitution  of  1789, 
compiled  and  edited,  with  Notes,  Cambridge,  1854,  Svo. 
Dugald  Stewart's  Elements  of  the  Philosophy  of  the 
Human  Mind;  revised  and  abridged,  with  Critical  and 
Explanatory  Notes,  for  the  Use  of  Colleges  and  Schools, 
Bust,  and  Camb.,  12mo,  1854.  Principles  of  Political 
Economy  Applied  to  the  Condition,  Resources,  and  Insti 
tutions  of  the  American  People,  Bost.,  1856,  8vo.  See 
favourable  reviews  in  Christian  Examiner,  and  North 
American  Review,  April,  1856. 

"Francis  Bowen  is  a  clear,  forcible,  independent  thinker,  and 
has  much  precision  and  energy  of  style.  His  contributions  on 
metaphysical  subjects,  and  on  the  principles  of  law  and  govern 
ment,  are  of  a  very  high  character.  He  is  a  man  of  large  acquire 
ments  both  in  literature  and  philosophy." — Qriswcbft  P>-ose-  Wri 
ters  of  America. 

Bowen,  James,  Surgeon.    Con.  to  Med.  Com.,  1785. 
Bowen,  Malcom.     Construction  of  Sails  of  Ships, 
1805,  4to. 

Boweu,  Pardon,  M.D.,  1757-1826,  R.I.,  pub.  an 
elaborate  account  of  the  Yellow  Fever  of  Providence,  in 
Hosack's  Med.  Reg.,  vol.  iv.  See  Thacher's  Med.  Biog. 

BoAven,  Samuel.     Sermon  on  Ps.  xviii.  46,  Svo. 
^  Bowen,  T.  J.     Central  Africa:  Adventures  and  Mis 
sionary  Labors  in  Several  Countries  in  the  Interior  of  Africa 
from  1849  to  1856,  Charleston,  S.C.,  1857,  12mo. 

"On  the  whole,  we  can  commendrthe  book  as  fit  and  seasonable." 
— Lon.  Athenaeum,  July  4, 1857. 

Bowen,  Thomas.  Thoughts  on  the  Necessity  of 
Moral  Discipline  in  Prisons  as  Preliminary  to  the  Reli 
gious  Instruction  of  Offenders,  Lon.,  1777-98,  Svo.  Ser 
mons,  1798-99,  4to.  Bethlehem  Hospital,  1783,  4to. 

Bower,  Alex.  An  Account  of  the  Life  of  James 
Beattie,  LL.D,  in  which  are  occasionally  given  Characters 
of  the  Principal  Literary  Men  and  a  Sketch  of  the  State 
of  Literature  in  Scotland  during  the  last  century,  1804,  Svo. 
"  This  narrative  will  be  perused  with  pleasure  by  those  who  are 
satisfied  with  plain  facts  recorded  in  plain  language."— London 
Monthly  Review,  1805. 

The  Life  of  Luther;  with  an  Account  of  the  Early  Pro 
gress  of  the  Reformation,  Svo. 

History  of  the  University  of  Edinburgh,  3  vols.  Svo 
Bower,  Archibald,  1686-1766,  a  native  of  Dundee, 
Scotland,  was  educated  at  the  Scots  College,  Douay,  re 
moved  to  Rome  in  1706,  and  became  a  Jesuit  in  1712.  In 
1726  he  came  to  England,  having  fled  from  the  Inquisition 
at  Macerata,  of  which  he  was  an  officer,  and  about  1732 
he  conformed  to  the  Church  of  England.  He  was  read 
mitted  into  the  order  of  the  Jesuits  about  1744,  after 
which  he  again  became  a  Protestant.  His  wife  declared 
that  he  died  in  the  Protestant  faith  ;  his  will  contains  no 
declaration  as  to  his  final  religious  opinions.  It  is  difficult 
to  tell  what  degree  of  credit  to  allow  either  to  his  repre 
sentations  or  to  the  charges  of  his  enemies,  but  there  is  : 
enough  doubt  upon  the  subject  to  prevent  his  being  very 
zealously  claimed  by  either  the  Church  of  England  or 
that  of  Rome. 


Whilst  living  with  Lord  Aylmer,  he  undertook  the  charge 
of  the  Historia  Literaria;  or  an  Exact  and  Early  Account 
of  the  most  Valuable  Books  published  in  the  several  Parts 
of  Europe :  pub.  monthly,  1730-34,  4  vols.  Svo.  He  wrote 
the  preface  to  this  work,  and  several  of  the  articles  in 
Italian,  being  as  yet  unskilled  in  the  English  language. 
See  Review  of  Reviews,  by  the  author  of  this  Dictionary,  in 
Putnam's  Monthly  Mag.,  New  York,  vol.  i.  and  ii.,  1853-54. 
From  1734  to  1744  he  was  employed  by  the  proprietors 
of  the  Universal  History,  in  writing  for  that  work  the 
Roman  History,  which  Psalmanazar  (who  wrote  most  of 
the  other  portions  of  the  Ancient  History  in  that  collec 
tion)  declares  that  he  did  very  ill.  See  Psalmanazar's 
Life,  p.  308.  Bower  also  edited  the  second  edition  of  the 
Universal  History,  and  received  £200  for  doing  very  little, 
and  that  done  so  badly  as  to  require  careful  revision.  The 
value  of  this  extensive  series,  1749-66,  bound  in  65  vols., 
sometimes  in  a  fewer  number,  is  not  to  be  disputed. 

"  I  generally  consult  the  Universal  History,  a  work  of  great 
merit,and  perhaps  not  sufficiently  valued."— ButUr't  HorceBiblicce. 
"  Consult  the  volumes  of  the  Universal  History,  where  you  will 
find,  either  in  the  text  or  references,  every  historical  information 
which  can  well  be  required."— Pro/.  Smyth's  Lect,  on  Modern  Hist. 
Warburton  refers  to  "the  infamous  rhapsody,  called  the 
Universal  History— miserable  trash,"  but  of  all  Literary 
Bull  Dogs,  perhaps  the  bosom  friend  of  Pope  was  the  most 
dogmatic.  Gibbon's  opinion  draws  a  just  discrimination  : 
"  The  excellence  of  the  first  part  of  the  Universal  History  is  ge 
nerally  admitted.  The  History  of  the  Macedonians  is  executed 
with  much  erudition,  taste,  and  judgment.  The  history  would  be 
invaluable,  were  all  its  parts  of  the  same  merit."— Miscell.  Works. 
Mr.  Swinton  gave  Dr.  Johnson  a  list  of  the  authors,  which 
will  be  found  in  a  note  from  the  doctor  to  Nichols,  Dec.  6, 
1784.  (BoswelPs  Johnson.)  Bower  now  turned  his  atten 
tion  to  the  publication  of  a  History  of  the  Popes,  a  portion 
of  which  he  says  he  had  prepared  whilst  at  Rome.  This 
work  was  pub.  at  intervals  from  1748-66,  7  vols.  4to.  In 
the  year  in  which  his  1st  vol.  appeared,  he  was  appointed 
Librarian  to  Queen  Caroline.  This  history  led  to  a  warm 
controversy.  His  character  was  attacked  as  entirely  un 
worthy  of  credit,  and  sufficient  evidence  was  produced  to 
ruin  his  reputation  with  the  public  at  large,  notwithstand 
ing  his  exculpatory  pamphlets,  (pub.  1756-61.)  His  tried 
friend,  Lord  Lyttelton,  however,  refused  to  credit  any 
thing  against  Bower : 

"  The  merit  of  the  work  will  bear  it  up  against  all  these  attacks' 
and  as  to  the  ridiculous  story  of  my  having  discarded  him,  the  in 
timate  friendship  in  which  we  continue  to  live  will  be  a  sufficient 

answer  to  that,  and  better  than  any  testimony  formally  given  " 

Lord  Lyttdlon  to  Dr.  Doddridge,  Oct.  1751. 

In  1757  an  abridgment  of  the  first  four  vols.  of  the  His 
tory  of  the  Popes  was  pub.  in  French,  at  Amsterdam.  An 
idea  of  the  incompetency  of  the  author  for  the  production 
of  a  great  historical  work,  may  be  inferred  from  the  fact 
that  he  compresses  the  eventful  history  of  the  Church  from 
1600  to  1758  into  26  pages ! 

When  Bower  can  confirm  his  position  by  history,  we 
?ive  him  credence ;  where  his  assertions  only  are  in  court, 
we  give  the  accused  the  benefit  of  the  doubt.  See  the 
Rev.  Henry  Temple's  strictures,  entitled  Bower  Detected 
is  an  Historian ;  or,  His  Many  Essential  Omissions  and 
More  Essential  Perversions  of  Facts  in  Favour  of  Popery 
Demonstrated,  Lon.,  175S,  Svo;  also  see  DOUGLASS, 
BISHOP. 

Bower,  Edward.    Dr.  Lamb  Revived,  <fcc. :  2  tracts 
upon  Witchcraft,  Lon.,  1653,  4to. 
Bower,  John.     Con.  to  Annals  of  Med.,  1802. 
Bower,  John,  Jr.     Abbey  of  Melrose,  1813,  Svo. 
BoAver,  Thomas,  M.D.     Con.  to  Phil.  Trans.,  1717. 
Bower,  Walter.     Prologues  in  John  Fordun's  Scoti 
Dhron.,  edit.  Tho.  Hearne :  see  FORDUN,  J.     On  Fordun's 
work  much  of  the  early  history  of  Scotland  is  founded. 
Bower,  William.    Miscell.  Tracts,  Lon.,  1788,  4to. 
Bowerbank,  John.  Journal  on  the  Bellerophon,  1815. 
Bowerbank,  John  Scott,  b.  1797,  in  London,  a 
distinguished  naturalisk     Contrib.  valuable  papers  to  the 
Entomological  Mag.,  Trans.  Microscopical  Soc.,  (princi 
pally  on  the  Sponges,)  Trans.  Geol.  Soc.,  Trans.  Pala>on- 
ographical   Soc.,— which   he   founded  in   1848,— and   to 
Mag.  of  Nat,  Hist,.     History  of  the  Fossil  Fruits  and 
Seeds  of  the  London  Clay,  1840,  r.  Svo. 
Bowerbank,  T.  F.,  M.D.    A  Sermon,  1815,  Svo. 
Bowers,Thomas,  Bp.  of  Chichester.  Serm.l722,8vo. 
Bowes,  Sir  Jerome.    Trans,  from  the  French  of  an 
Apology  for  the  French  Reformed  or  Evangel.  Christians, 
Lon.,  1579,  Svo. 

Bowes,  Paul.     Journal  of  Parliament  in  the  Reign 
of  Elizabeth,  1682,  fol. 

Bowes,   Thomas.     Trans,  of  the  Second  Part  of 
Primaudaye's  Frenche  Academic,  Lon.,  1594,  4to. 


BOW 

Bowick,  William.     Sermon,  1716,  8vo.  I 

Bowie,  John.  Concio  ad  Clerum  Cantuariensem,  | 
Lon.,  1612,  4to. 

Bowie,  John,  1725-1788,  known  by  his  friends  as 
Don  Bowie,  from  his  attachment  to  Spanish  literature, 
was  educated  at  Oriel  College,  Oxford.  Entering  into  holy 
orders,  he  was  presented  to  the  vicarage  of  Idmeston, 
Wilts,  where  he  continued  until  his  death.  He  was  a  man 
of  great  erudition,  and  was  the  principal  detector  of  Lau- 
der's  forgeries.  See  LAUDER,  WILLIAM. 

Miscell.   Pieces  of  English  Ancient   Poesie,  1765.     A 
Letter  to  Dr.  Percy,  respecting  a  new  and  classical  edition  \ 
of  Don  Quixote,  1777.    He  pub.  his  edit,  of  Don  Quixote  in 
1781,  in  6  vols.  4to !     The  first  4  contain  the  text,  the  5th  , 
is  composed  of  annotations,  and  the  6th  gives  a  copious 
index.     The  subscription  price  was  three  guineas.     This 
enormous  enterprise  proved  a  failure.     However,  let  the 
lover  of  Spanish  lore  fail  not  to  secure  a  copy  if  he  can.  j 
So  resolved  that  odd  antiquary,  Rev.  Michael  Tyson  : 

"  Is  Bowie's  Don  Quixote  published,  or  not  ?     Though  I  did  not  | 
chuse  to  seem  to  be  acquainted  with  the  Editor  by  appearing  ' 
amongst  the  Subscribers,  yet  I  like  Cervantes  so  much  that  I  ' 
must  make  a  swop,  or  truck,  with  Tom  Payne  for  the  book." —  j 
Tyson  to  Gough :  Nichols's  Literary  Anecdotes,  vol.  viii. ;  and  see 
vol.  vi.  for  an  interesting  notice  of  Bowie,  and  his  edition  of  Don 
Quixote,  Ac. 

He  pub.  a  number  of  articles  in  defence  of  this  work, 
relative  to  Warton's  History  of  English  Poetry,  <fec.,  in 
Gentleman's  Mag. ;  contributed  to  the  Archaeologia,  vols. 
vi.  and  vii.,  1782-85 ;  to  Granger's  History,  and  to  John 
son's  and  Steevens's  Shakspeare. 

"  I  am  not  the  Translator  of  Don  Quixote.  I  have  too  much  con 
ceiving  of  the  merit  of  the  original  of  Cervantes  ever  to  think  of 
appearing  in  that  character.  The  difficulties  of  a  translator  must 
rise  in  proportion  to  his  knowledge  of  the  original.  ...  A  desire 
to  impart  that  pleasure  to  others,  which  I  almost  solely  possessed, 
impelled  me  to  the  hazardous  work  of  printing;  in  which  if  I  have 
erred  once,  I  may  be  easily  credited.  I  shall  never  be  guilty  of  a 
like  offence  again."  See  Gent.  Mag.,  vols.  liv.,  Iv. 

We  cannot  forbear  pleasing  the  lover  of  the  Knight  of 
the  Rueful  Countenance  by  transcribing  the  delicious  Bill 
of  Fare  for  Quixotic  epicures,  exhibited  by  Mr.  Bowie  in 
his  prospectus : 

"  A  Letter  to  the  Rev.  Dr.  Percy,  concerning  a  new  and  classical 
edition  of  Historia  del  valoroso  Cavallero  Don  Quixote  de  la  Mancha; 
to  be  illustrated  by  Annotations  and  Extracts  from  the  Historians, 
Poets,  and  Romances  of  Spain  and  Italy,  and  other  writers,  an 
cient  and  modern ;  with  a  Glossary  and  Indexes,  in  which  are  oc 
casionally  interspersed  some  Reflections  on  the  Learning  and  Ge 
nius  of  the  author,  with  a  Map  of  Spain  adapted  to  the  History, 
and  to  every  Translator  of  it." 

What  a  glorious  prospect  is  here  !  Yet  the  work,  as  we 
already  said,  was  a  failure.  In  the  words  of  a  cold-blooded 
critic  : 

"  The  public  sentiment  seemed  to  be  that  annotations  on  Cer 
vantes  were  not  quite  so  necessary  as  on  Shakspeare." 

The  enthusiastic  Don  Bowie,  disgusted  with  such  heart- 
lessness,  renounced  the  press,  and  left  the  stupid  "public" 
to  their  downward  course  of  ignorance  and  fatuity  !  That 
any  sane  man,  woman,  or  child  could  really  be  indifferent 
to  the  least  word,  wink,  and  gesture  of  the  Knight  of  the 
Sorrowful  Countenance,  and  the  philosophic  apothegmatist 
Sancho  Panza,  was  hard  to  believe,  but  if  such  were  the 
stolidity  of  that  thick-skulled  generation, — so  let  it  be ! 
He  had  discharged  his  duty;  therefore  he  washed  his 
hands,  shook  the  dust  from  his  feet,  locked  his  library 
door,  and  was  soon  entranced  in  the  fields  of  La  Mancha, 
the  persevering  revolutions  of  the  Windmills,  the  lustre  of 
Mambrino's  helmet,  and  the  substantial  charms  of  Dulci- 
nea  del  Toboso. 

Bowles.     New  London  Guide,  Lon.,  1787,  8vo. 
Bowles,  Caroline  Anne.     See  SOUTHEY,  MRS. 
Bowles,  Edward.     Theolog.  treatises,  Lon.,  1643- 
48,  4to. 

Bowles,  John,  Barrister-at-Law.  This  gentleman 
pub.  many  political  and  other  tracts,  Lon.,  1791-1807. 

Bowles,  Oliver,  d.  1674,  a  Fellow  in  Queen's  College, 

Camb.,  and  Rector  of  Sutton.     Tractatus  de  Pastore  Evan- 

gelico,  Lon.,  1649, 4to;  1655,12mo;  Groning8e,1739,  sm.8vo. 

'  Liber  ob  utilia  ac  pia  praecepta,  in  eo  pro  ministris  ecclesise 

proposita,  laudatur."— WALCH. 

"A  good  translation  would  be  generally  useful."— BICKERSTETH. 
Sermon  on  John  n.  17,  Lon.,  1643  4to 
Bowles,  Thomas,  D.D.     Vicar  of  Brackley,  North 
amptonshire.     Sermons,  1728-41,  4to. 

Bowles,  Rev.  William  Lisle,  1762-1850,  was  de 
scended  from  the  Bowleses  of  Burcombe,  in  Wiltshire.  He 
was  born  at  King's  Sutton ;  placed  at  Winchester,  1776  • 
elected  a  scholar  of  Trinity  College,  Oxford,  1781;  Vicar 
of  Chicklade,  1792 ;  Rector  of  Durableton,  1797 ;  Vicar  of 
Bremhill,  and  Prebendary  of  Salisbury,  1804 ;  Canon  Re 
sidentiary,  1828.  Mr.  Bowles  was  a  voluminous  writer. 


BOW 

Fourteen  Sonnets,  1789,  4to.  Verses  to  John  Howard, 
1789,  4to.  Grave  of  Howard;  a  Poem,  Lon.,  1790,  4to. 
Verses,  1790,  4to.  Monody,  1791,  4to.  Elegiac  Verses, 
1796,  4to.  Hope,  1796,  4to.  Coombe  Ellew,  1798,  4to. 
St.  Michael's  Mount,  1798,  4to.  Poems,  1798-1809, 4  vols. 
8vo.  The  Battle  of  the  Nile;  a  Poem,  1799,  4to.  A  Dis 
course,  1799,  4to.  A  Sermon,  1801,  4to.  The  Sorrows  of 
Switzerland;  a  Poem,  1801,  4to.  The  Picture;  a  Poem, 
1804,  4to.  The  Spirit  of  Discovery,  or  the  Conquest  of 
the  Ocean;  a  Poem,  1805,  8vo.  Bowden  Hill,  1815,  4to. 
The  Missionary  of  the  Andes,  1822.  The  Grave  of  the 
Last  Saxon,  1823.  Ellen  Gray,  1828.  Days  Departed, 
1832.  St.  John  in  Patmos,  or  the  Last  Apostle,  1832 ;  2d 
edit.  1833,  with  a  revised  selection  of  some  of  his  earlier 
pieces.  His  last  poetical  compositions  were  contained  in 
a  volume  entitled,  Scenes  and  Shadows  of  Days,  a  Narra 
tive  ;  accompanied  with  Poems  of  Youth,  and  some  other 
Poems  of  Melancholy  and  Fancy,  in  the  Journey  of  Life 
from  Youth  to  Age,  1837,  12mo.  Little  Villagers'  Verse 
Book. 

"  One  of  the  sweetest  and  best  little  publications  in  the  English 
language." — Lon.  Literary  Gazette. 

"  Since  the  time  of  Dr.  Watts  nothing  has  been  published  at  once 
so  simple  and  so  useful." — Lon.  Spirit  of  the  Age. 

A  Sermon,  1804.  Ten  Parochial  Sermons,  1814,  8vo. 
The  Plain  Bible,  and  the  Protestant  Church  in  England, 
1818,  8vo.  A  Voice  from  St.  Peter's  and  St.  Paul's,  1823, 
8vo.  Paulus  Parochialis,  1826,  8vo.  Further  observa 
tions  on  report  Ch.  Commiss.,  1837.  St.  Paul  at  Athens, 
1838.  A  Final  Defence  of  the  Rights  of  Patronage  in 
Deans  and  Chapters,  1839.  In  1807  Mr.  B.  edited  the 
works  of  Alexander  Pope,  in  10  vols.  8vo,  for  which  he 
received  £300.  The  editor  criticized  his  author,  and  hence 
arose  an  animated  controversy.  Campbell  and  Byron  at 
tacked  the  positions  of  Mr.  B.,  and  especially  his  dogma 
that  "all  images  drawn  from  what  is  beautiful  or  sublime 
in  the  works  of  nature,  are  more  beautiful  and  sublime 
than  any  images  drawn  from  art;  and  that  they  are  there 
fore  per  se  more  poetical."  To  this  Byron  responded,  not 
very  poetically,  that  "  a  ship  in  the  wind,"  with  all  sail 
set,  is  a  more  poetical  object  than  a  "hog  in  the  wind," 
though  the  hog  is  all  nature,  and  the  ship  all  art.  This 
was  the  Reductio  ad  absurdum,  indeed :  although  Bowles 
might  have  rejoined  that  the  supposed  porker,  however 
respectable,  could  hardly  be  considered  either  "sublime  or 
beautiful."  This  controversy  lasted  for  many  years.  In 
1825  Bowles  published  his  Final  Appeal  to  the  Literary 
Public  relative  to  Pope,  elicited  by  Roscoe's  edit,  of  Pope, 
in  1825,  and  in  1826  the  last  gun  was  fired  by  Lessons  in 
Criticism  to  William  Roscoe,  <fcc.,  F.  R.  S.,  in  answer  to 
his  Letter  to  the  Rev.  W.  L.  Bowles  on  the  Character  and 
Poetry  of  Pope,  8vo.  In  1818  he  pub.  Vindicige  Wyke- 
hamicae,  in  reply  to  Mr.  Brougham,  and  addressed  Two 
Letters  to  him  when  he  became  Lord  Chancellor,  on  the 
Position  and  Incomes  of  the  Cathedral  Clergy.  In  1826 
he  pub.  The  Parochial  History  of  Bremhill,  and  in  1830- 
31,  The  Life  of  Thomas  Ken,  D.D.  The  Annals  and  An 
tiquities  of  Lacock  Abbey  appeared  in  1835.  Mr.  B.  also 
pub.  Letters  to  Lord  Mountcashell  and  Sir  James  Mackin 
tosh,  and  had  a  controversy  with  the  Rev.  Edward  Duke, 
in  the  Gen.  Mag.,  relative  to  the  antiquities  of  Wiltshire. 
Mr.  Bowles's  reputation  as  a  poet  is  deservedly  great. 

In  his  Literary  Biography,  Mr.  Coleridge  expresses  in 
glowing  terms  the  delight  he  received  from  the  early  peru 
sal  of  Mr.  Bowles's  sonnets,  and  the  effect  which  they  pro 
duced  on  his  own  poetry. 

"  We  have  ourselves  heard  from  Mr.  Wordsworth's  own  lips,  that 
he  got  possession  of  the  same  sonnets  [pub.  in  1793]  one  morning 
when  he  was  setting  out  with  some  friends  on  a  pedestrian  tour 
from  London;  and  that  so  captivated  was  he  with  their  beauty, 
that  he  retreated  into  one  of  the  recesses  in  Westminster  Bridge, 
and  could  not  be  induced  to  rejoin  his  companions  till  he  had 
finished  them."— Lon.  Gent.  Mag.,  1850. 

Mr.  Southey  freely  acknowledges  his  obligations  to  our 
author:  he  tells  Bedford, 

"  My  poetical  taste  was  much  meliorated  by  Bowles."— Orf.1,1795. 

"  This  morning  I  received  your  St.  John  in  Patmos.  I  have  just 
read  the  poem  through,  and  with  much  pleasure.  Yours  I  should 
have  known  it  to  have  been  by  the  sweet  and  unsophisticated  style 
xipon  which  I  endeavoured,  now  almost  forty  years  ago,  to  form 
my  own."— Southey  to  Bowles,  July  30, 1832. 

"The  sonnets  of  Bowles  may  be  reckoned  among  the  first  fruits 
of  a  new  era  in  poetry.  They  came  in  an  age  when  a  commonplace 
facility  in  rhyming  on  the  one  hand,  and  an  almost  nonsensical 
affectation  in  a  new  school  on  the  other,  had  lowered  the  standard 
so  much,  that  critical  judges  spoke  of  English  poetry  as  of  some 
thing  nearly  extinct,  and  disdained  to  read  what  they  were  sure 
to  disapprove.  In  these  sonnets  there  was  observed  a  grace  of  ex 
pression,  a  musical  versification,  and  especially  an  air  of  melan 
choly  tenderness,  so  congenial  to  the  poetical  temperament,  which 
still." after  sixty  years  of  a  more  propitious  period  than  that  which 
immediately  preceded  their  publication,  preserves  for  their  author 


BOW 


BOW 


a  highly  respectable  position  among  our  poets.  The  subsequent 
poems  of  Mr.  Bowles  did  not  belie  the  promise  of  his  youth."— 
HENRY  HALLAM  :  Address  before  the  Royal  Society  of  Literature. 

"  Breathes  not  the  man  with  a  more  poetic  temperament  than 
Bowles!  No  wonder  that  his  'eyes  love  all  they  look  on,'  for  they 
possess  the  sacred  gift  of  beautifying  creation  by  shedding  over  it 
the  charm  of  melancholy.  .  .  .  His  human  sensibilities  are  so  fine 
as  to  be  of  themselves  poetical;  and  his  poetical  aspirations  so 
delicate  as  to  be  always  human."— PROFESSOR  WILSOST  :  Blackwood's 
Mag..  Sept.  1831. 

"  Bowles  was  deficient  in  the  passion  and  imagination  which 
command  great  things,  but  he  was,  notwithstanding,  a  true  poet. 
He  had  a  fine  eye  for  the  beautiful  and  the  true :  and,  although  his 
enthusiasm  was  tempered,  we  never  miss  a  cordial  sympathy  with 
•whatever  is  pure,  noble,  and  generous, — for  his  heart  was  in  the 
ri^ht  place."— Moir's  Poet.  Lit. 

'  A  Life  of  Mr.  Bowles,  by  a  relative  and  Alaric  Watts, 
has  been  for  some  time  promised,  (1858.) 

Bowles,  W.  R.  Trans,  of  Letters  from  a  Portuguese 
Nun,  1808-12.  Trans,  of  Elizabeth,  by  M-  Cottin,  1814,  8vo. 

Bowles,  William.  Works  on  Nat.  History,  Madrid, 
1775,  4 to ;  Paris,  1776,  8vo ;  Parina,  1783,  2  vols.  4to.  Con. 
to  Phil.  Trans.,  1766. 

Bowles,  William.  The  Natural  Hist,  of  Merino 
Sheep.  Lon.,  1811,  8vo. 

Bowling,  W.  K.,  M.D.,  b.  1808,  in  Virginia.  Founder 
of,  and  principal  contributor  to,  the  Nashville  Jour.  Med. 
and  Surg. 

Bowlker,  Charles.  Art  of  Angling,  Worcester,  1746, 
12uio. 

Bowman.  Hist.,  Ac.  Con.  to  Archaeol.,  vol.  i.  p.  100- 
112,  1770. 

BoAvman,  Henry.  The  Ecclesiastical  Architecture 
of  Great  Britain,  from  the  Conquest  to  the  Reformation, 
by  H.  Bowman  and  James  Hadfield,  Lon.,  1845,  r.  4to. 
The  Churches  of  the  Middle  Ages,  by  H.  Bowman  and  J. 
S.  Crowther,  Lon.,  imp.  fol.,  2  vols.,  £10  10s.  See  Ecclesiog. 

Bowman,  Hildebrand.  Travels  into  Carnovirria, 
Taupincera,  Olfactoria,  and  Auditante,  in  New  Zealand; 
in  the  Island  of  Bonhommica,  and  in  the  Powerful  King 
dom  of  Luxo-Volupta,  on  the  Great  Southern  Continent, 
Lon.,  1778,  Svo.  This  is  an  imitation  of  Gulliver's  Travels. 

Bowman,  John  E.  Introduction  to  Practical  Che 
mistry  ;  2d  ed.,  Lon.,  fp.  Svo.  Commended  by  Lon.  Athen. 
Practical  Hand-Book  to  Medical  Chemistry;  2d  ed.,  fp.  Svo. 
Commended  by  Lon.  Medical  Gazette. 

Bowman,  Thomas.     Theolog.  treatises,  1762-91. 

Bowman,  William.     Sermons,  Ac.,  Lon.,  1731. 

Bowman,  William,  F.R.S.,  Professor  of  Physio 
logy  and  Anatomy  in  King's  College,  London.  Lectures 
on  Operations  on  the  Eye,  Lon.,  Svo. 

"A  most  valuable  contribution  to  ophthalmological  science."— 
Med.-Ohirurg.  Rev.  See  also  Jour.  Med.  Sci. 

Bownd,  Nic.,  D.D.     Theolog.  treatises,  1604-06. 

Bowneus,  Peter.    Pseudo-Medico.  Anat.,  1624,  4to. 

Bowrey,  Thomas.  Dictionary,  English  and  Malayo, 
Ac.,  Lon.,  1701,  4to.  Dictionary  of  the  Hudson's  Bay 
Language,  1701,  fol.  In  1800,  Lon.,  4to,  was  pub.  Gram 
mar  of  the  Malay  Tongue,  from  Bowrey's  Diet.,  Ac. 

BoAvring,  Edgar  Alfred.  Schiller's  Poems  com 
plete,  including  all  his  Early  Suppressed  Pieces,  attempted 
in  English,  1851. 12mo.  Commended  by  the  Cologne  Gaz. ' 

BoAvring,  Sir  John,  K.C.B.,  LL.D.,  b.  1792,  Exeter, 
Eng.,  knighted  1854,  has  distinguished  himself  as  a  philo- 
loger,  poet,  political  writer,  translator,  reviewer,  member 
of  Parliament,  and  (appointed  1854)  Governor  of  Hong- 
Kong.  His  publications  have  been  numerous.  1.  Speci 
mens  of  the  Russian  Poets,  Lon.,  1821-23,  2  vols.  12mo : 
see  Lon.  Month.  Rev.,  xcvi.,  1821.  2.  Matins  and  Vespers, 
with  Hymns;  3d  ed.,  1841,  18mo;  4th  ed.,  1851,  ISmo : 
see  Lon.  Month.  Rev.,  ci.,  1823,  and  Lon.  Chris.  Examiner. 
3.  In  conjunction  with  H.  S.  Van  Dyk,  Batavian  Anthology, 
1824,  12mo.  4.  Ancient  Poetry  and  Romances  of  Spain, 
1824,  p.  Svo.  5.  Specimens  of  the  Polish  Poets,  1827, 
12mo.  6.  Servian  Popular  Poetry,  1827, 12mo.  7.  Poetry 
of  the  Magyars,  1830,  p.  Svo.  8.  Cheskian  Anthology; 
being  a  Hist,  of  the  Poet.  Lit,  of  Bohemia,  1832,  12mo. 
9.  Minor  Morals  for  Young  People,  3  Pts.,  1834-35-39: 
see  Lon.  Athen.  10.  Reports  on  the  Commercial  Rela 
tions  between  France  and  G.  Britain,  1835-36,  2  vols.  fol. : 
eee  Lon.  Athen.  11.  Reports  on  the  Statistics  of  Tuscany, 
Ac.,  1837.  12.  Observations  on  the  Oriental  Plague  and  on 
Quarantines,  Ac.,  Edin.,  1839.  13.  First  Lessons  in  Theo 
logy;  for  Children,  Lon.,  1839, 18mo.  14.  Manuscript  of  the 
Queen's  Court,  with  other  Ancient  Bohemian  Poems ;  trans. 
1843.  15.  Decimal  Coinage,  with  Illustrations  of  Coins, 
1854,  p.  Svo.  16.  Decimal  System  in  Numbers,  Coins, 
and  Accounts,  1854,  cr.  Svo.  17.  The  Kingdom  and 
People  of  Siam ;  with  a  Narrative  of  the  Mission  to  that 
Country  in  1855,  2  vols.  Svo,  1857. 


I  "  By  readers  of  all  classes  the  record  of  Sir  John  Bowring's  wan- 
!  deriugs  will  be  perused  with  satisfaction."— ion.  Athen.,  1857 
:  335,  q.  v. 

See   also   345,  and   same    periodical,   (for   a  letter   on 
i  China,   then   first  published,)   Nov.   17,    1855.     See   also 
Bowring,  Cobden,  and    China,  a  Memoir,   1857,  p.  Svo, 
|  pp.  32.     In  1825  he  became  the  editor  of  the  Westminster 
j  Review;   and  many  of  the  articles  in  that  periodical  on 
political  reforms  and  the  principles  of  free  trade  are  from 
his  pen.     He  was  a  disciple  of  Jeremy  Bentham,  was  his 
I  literary  executor,  edited  his  works,  1838,  22  vols.  r.  Svo,  (see 
I  BENTHAM,  JEREMY,  ante,)  and  wrote  a  sketch  of  his  life. 
Bowtell,  John,  D.D.    Theol.  treatises,  1710-11,  8vo/ 
Bowyer,  George,  M.P.,  D.C.L.,  an  eminent  law- 
writer.     1.  Dissert,  on  the  Statutes  of  the  Cities  of  Italy, 
Ac.,  Lon.,  1838,  Svo.     The  argument  of  Farinacio  in  de 
fence  of  Beatrice  Cenci  in  this  volume  is  a  remarkable 
!  piece  of  pleading.    2.  A  Popular  Commentary  on  the  Con- 
i  stitutional  Law  of  England,  1841,   12mo;    2d  ed.,  1846, 
i  r.  Svo.     This  is  a  collection,  with  expositions  and  con 
tinuation,  of  such  of  Blackstone's  Commentaries  as  pertain 
1  to  constitutional  law.     It  is  an  excellent  work.     3.  Com- 
!  mentaries  on  the  Modern  Civil  Law,  1848,  r.  Svo.     4.  The 
|  Cardinal  Archbishop  of  Westminster  and  the  New  Hier- 
j  archy ;  3d  ed.,  1850,  Svo.     5.  Two  Readings  delivered  in 
|  the  Middle  Temple  Hall,  1850,  Svo.     6.  Readings  before 
j  the  Hon.  Society  of  the  Middle  Temple  in  1850  on  Canon 
Law,  1851,  r.  Svo.     7.  Commentaries  on  Universal  Public 
Law,  1854,  r.  Svo. 

"  Mr.  Bowyer  has  laboriously  won  his  reputation  as  a  profound 

[  civilian,  a  critical   canonist,  and  an  industrious  investigator  of 

foreign  and  European  law.  .  .  .  The  author's  industry  appears  to 

have  spread  itself  over  every  province  of  modern  and  ancient  law." 

— Lon.  M.  Chronicle,  April  15,  1854. 

Bowyer,  Sir  George.  R.  Catholic  Question,  1813,8vo. 
Bowyer,  R.  G.     Sermons,  1803,  '04,  '11. 
Bowyer,  Thomas.    Theolog.  treatises,  1734,  '35,  '37. 
BoAVyer,  William,  1699-1777,  will  long  be  remem 
bered  as  the  most  learned  English  printer  of  whom  we 
j  have  any  account.     The  names  of  Stephens,  of  Aldus,  of 
Bowyer,  and  such  men,  may  ever  be  pointed  to  with  com 
mendable  pride  by  the  superintendent  of  the  type  and  ma- 
trice.     Bowyer's  father  and  grandfather  were  printers,  so 
that  he  may  be  said  to  have  inherited  the  noble  art.     Wil 
liam  was  born  in  Dogwell  Court,.  White  Fryars,  London, 
December  19th.     He  studied  for  a  time  under  the  cele 
brated  AMBROSE  BONWICKE,  (q.  v.,)  and  in  1716  was  ad 
mitted  as  a  sizar  at  St.  John's  College,  Cambridge.     He 
remained  here  till  June,  1722,  during  which  time  he  ob 
tained  Roper's  exhibition,  and  wrote  in   1719  what  he 
styled  Epistola  pro  Sodalitio  a  rev.  viro  F.  Roper  mihi  le 
gato.     It  does  not  appear  that  he  took  his  degree  of  B.A. 
In  1722  he  entered  into  the  printing  business  as  a  partner 
with  his  father.     From  this  time  until  his  death  Mr.  Bow 
yer  was  engaged  in  superintending  his  press,  and  contri 
buting  to  various  learned  works  in  the  way  of  corrections, 
irefaces,  annotations,  Ac.     The  learned  men  of  the  day 
bund  it  a  great  advantage  to  have  in  the  person  of  their 
'  printer  a  scholar  whose  erudition  and  classical  taste  could 
rectify  their  errors  and  improve  their  lucubrations.     A  co 
pious  account  of  Mr.  B.'s  editorial  labour  of  this  description 
will  be  found  in  that  most  delightful  of  books  of  the  class — 
NICHOLS'S  LITERARY  ANECDOTES  OP  THE  ISTH  CENTURY, 
9  vols.,  1812-15 ;  continued  as  ILLUSTRATIONS  OF  LITERARY 
HISTORY,  1817-48,  7  vols.     The  foundation  of  this  work 
was  a  pamphlet  of  52  pages,  1778,  entitled  Biographical  Me 
moirs  of  Mr.  Bowyer;  enlarged  to  a  4to  vol.  in  1782;  still 
further  enlarged  as  above.     See  NICHOLS,  JOHN.     A  va 
luable  account  of  Bowyer  will  be  found,  also,  in  Chalmers's 
I  Biog.  Diet.     In  1763  Mr.  Bowyer  pub.  his  celebrated  edi- 
|  tion  of  the  Greek  Testament,  2  vols.  12mo,  containing  his 
j  Conjectural  Emendations.     A  second  edit,  of  the  Emenda- 
j  tions  was  pub.  separately  in  1772,  Svo,  under  the  following 
title :  Conjectures  on  the  New  Testament,  collected  from 
various  Authors,  as  well  in  regard  to  Words  as  Pointing, 
with  the  reasons  on  which  both  are  founded.     A  third  edit, 
appeared  in  1782,  4to,  and  a  fourth  in  1812,  4to.     The 
great  merits  of  this  work  were  conceded  from  the  first. 

"  I  must  not  omit  to  return  my  thanks  for  your  notes  upon  the 

Greek  Testament,  and  particularly  for  the  excellent  Prefece  before 

!  them.    They  have  been  of  great  use  to  me  and  others  on  several 

j  occasions,  and  I  wish  we  had  more  such  collections  by  equally 

able  hands." — ARCHDEACON  BLACKBURNE,  in  1766 ;  the  celebrated 

!  author  of  the  Confessional,  v.  the  name. 

"  I  would  also  recommend  a  look  into  a  Greek  Testament  lately 
•  published  by  Mr.  Bowyer,  a  printer,  whose  erudition  not  only  sets 
:  him  on  a  par  with  the  best  scholars  among  the  early  printers,  but 
would  do  credit  to  persons  of  high  rank  even  in  the  learned  pro- 
j  fessions.*—  Two  Grammatical  Essays,  dc.,  1769. 
|  "  This  Work  cannot  but  be  acceptable  to  every  Critical  Reader 


; 


BOX 


BOY 


of  the  New  Testament,  as  it  is  the  best  Collection  of  Conjectural 
Emendations  which  has  yet  appeared." — Lon.  Critical  Review. 

"The  reader  will  here  meet  with  much  sound  criticism,  and 
many  instances  of  the  importance  of  true  punctuation,  which  Mr. 
Bowyer  considered  of  more  importance  than  all  the  various  read 
ings  put  together."— BISHOP  WATSON. 

"  A  book  which  ought  to  be  read  by  every  scholar  and  every 
rational  Christian." — DR.  PARR. 

But  the  British  Critic  does  not  coincide  with  Dr.  Parr, 
altogether : 

"Bowyer's  work  is  for  the  learned  only;  and  for  those  among 
the  learned  who  can  discriminate  and  judge  for  themselves.  Con 
jectures  on  the  sacred  text  are,  at  best,  extremely  hazardous; 
hence  it  is  that  the  work,  though  valuable,  can  deserve  only  a 
partial  recommendation." — Brit.  Critic,  pref.  to  vol.  vi.  For  a  Re 
view  of  the  4th  edit.,  see  Brit.  Critic,  0.  S.  xi.  507 ;  for  Reviews  of 
former  edits.,  see  Monthly  Review,  0.  S.,  xlvi.  67. 

"  As  conjectures,  the  best  that  can  be  said  of  them  is,  that  they 
are  often  ingenious.  The  alterations  in  the  pointing  are  not,  pro 
perly,  conjectural,  and  therefore  may  be  more  safely  trusted."— 
ORME. 

Bishop  Marsh  remarks  that 

"  In  the  Greek  Testament  our  means  of  correction  from  author 
ity  are  so  ample,  that  conjecture  is  unnecessary ;  and,  if  unneces 
sary,  it  is  injurious,  especially  in  a  work,  where,  if  the  words 
might  be  altered  from  conjecture,  a  door  would  be  opened  to  every 
species  of  corruption." 

The  same  eminent  authority  gives  Mr.  Bowyer  full  credit 
for  his  scholarship : 
"  Bowyer's  Conjectures  are  of  real  value." 
We  should  mention  that  the  writers  from  whom  the  se 
lection  is  principally  made,  besides  Bowyer  himself,  are 
Bishop  Barrington,  Mr.  Markland,  Professor  Schultz,  Mi- 
chaelis,  Dr.  Henry  Owen,  Dr.  Woide,  Dr.  Gosset,  and  Ste 
phen  Weston. 

In  1774  appeared  Mr.  Bowyer's  Origin  of  Printing,  in 
two  essays :  1.  The  Substance  of  Dr.  Middleton's  Disser 
tation  on  the  Origin  of  Printing  in  England.  2.  Mr.  Meer- 
man's  Account  of  the  Invention  of  the  Art  at  Haarlem, 
and  its  progress  to  Mentz ;  with  occasional  Remarks,  and 
an  Appendix.  In  this  work  Mr.  B.  was  assisted  by  Dr. 
Henry  Owen,  and  Caesar  de  Missy;  2d  edit,  enlarged,  1776, 
Svo ;  with  a  Supplement  by  John  Nichols,  1781, 8vo.  This 
publication,  which  appeared  anonymously,  was  soon  known 
to  be  Mr.  Bowyer's,  and  was  received  with  great  favour. 

"  The  periodical  publications  of  the  Continent  joined  those  of 
England  in  its  commendation." 

"  He  has  interspersed,  through  the  whole  piece,  a  number  of  va 
luable  notes,  which  will  greatly  increase  the  general  stock  of  know 
ledge  upon  the  subject." — DR.  KIPPS  :  Monthly  Rev.  and  Biog.  Brit. 
"  Mr.  Bowyer's  learning  and  particular  knowledge  in  his  profes 
sion  qualify  him  for  being  at  least  as  good  a  judge  of  the  dispute  as 
any  man  that  ever  lived."— SIR  JAMES  BURROW:  Literary  Property. 
His  trans,  of  Select  Discourses  from  Michaelis,  12mo, 
was  pub.  in  1773.     This  vol.  has  become  very  scarce.     See 
Home's  Introduc.  to  the  Scriptures. 

In  1785  Mr.  Nichols  (Mr.  B.'s  friend  and  partner)  pub. 
Miscellaneous  Tracts,  by  Mr.  Bowyer  and  several  of  his 
learned  friends,  4to,  and  we  have  already  referred  the  reader 
to  that  rich  storehouse  of  literary  treasures,  Nichols's  Lite 
rary  Anecdotes.  It  may  well  be  supposed  that  the  amiable 
character  and  remarkable  erudition  of  Mr.  Bowyer  gathered 
around  him  a  host  of  devoted  friends.  We  venture  the 
assertion  that  no  man  in  any  age  ever  had  a  larger  circle 
of  distinguished  literary  acquaintances.  Among  these 
may  be  mentioned,  Archbishop  Seeker,  Bishops  Warbur- 
ton,  Kennett,  Tanner,  Sherlock,  Hoadly,  Lyttleton,  Pearce, 
Lowth,  Barrington,  Hurd,  Percy,  Earl  of  Macclesfield, 
Earl  of  Marchmont,  Lord  Lyttelton,  Lord  Sandys,  Alex 
ander  Pope,  Dr.  Wotton,  Rt.  Hon.  Arthur  Onslow,  Chishull, 
Clarke,  Markland,  Hollis,  De  Missy,  Mattaire,  R.  Gale,  S. 
Gale,  Browne,  Willis,  Spelman,  Morant,  David  Garrick, 
Dean  Prideaux,  Dean  Freind,  Dean  Milles,  Dr.  Robert 
Freind,  Dr.  John  Freind,  Dr.  Taylor,  Dr.  Barnard,  Dr. 
Powell,  Dr.  Wilkins,  Dr.  Ducarel,  Dr.  Pegge,  Dr.  Salter, 
Dr.  Owen,  Dr.  Heberden,  and  many  others.  See  Chalmers's 
Biog.  Diet. 

"  For  more  than  half  a  century  he  stood  unrivalled  as  a  learned 
printer:  and  some  of  the  most  masterly  productions  of  this  king 
dom  have  been  described  as  appearing  from  his  press To  his 

literary  and  professional  abilities  he  added  an  excellent  Moral  Cha 
racter.     His  regard  to  Religion  was  displayed  in  his  Publications, 
and  in  the  course  of  his  Life  and  Studies;  and  he  was  particularly 
distinguished  by  his  inflexible  probity,  and  an  uncommon  alacritv 
in  relieving  the  necessitous.     His  liberality  in  relieving  every  spe 
cies  of  distress,  and  his  endeavours  to  conceal  his  benefactions 
reflect  great  honour  on  his  memory." — Nichols's  Lit.  Anec..  vol.  iii'. 
Box,  G.     National  Debt  of  G.  Britain,  1785,  Svo. 
Boycatt,  W.     Ser.  on  the  R.  Catholic  Question,  1808. 
Boyce,  Samuel.  A  New  Pantheon,  1762, 4to.     Poeti 
eal  works,  1757,  '73,  '85. 

Boyce,  Thomas.     Harold;  a  Tragedy,  1785,  4to. 
Boyce,  William.     Belgian  Traveller,  1815,  Svo. 
"  We  are  persuaded  that  any  person  who  is  meditating  a  trip  to 


Holland  and  the  Netherlands,  will  find  his  account  in  putting  thia 
Belgian  Traveller  into  his  pocket." — Lon.  Monthly  Jieview. 

The  Second  Usurpation  ;  a  Hist,  of  the  Revolution  in 
France,  1816,  2  vols.  Svo. 

Boyce,  William,  1710-1779,  an  eminent  English  mu 
sician,  pub.,  with  the  assistance  of  Drs.  Hayes  and  Howard, 
three  volumes  of  Cathedral  Music,  being  a  collection  in 
score  of  the  most  valuable  compositions  for  that  service  by 
the  several  English  masters  of  the  preceding  two  centuries. 

"  Dr.  Boyce  was  one  of  the  few  of  our  church  composers  who 
neither  pillaged  nor  servilely  imitated  Handel.  There  is  an  original 
and  sterling  merit  in  his  productions,  founded  as  much  on  the 
study  of  our  own  old  masters,  as  on  the  best  models  of  other  coun 
tries,  that  gives  to  all  his  works  a  peculiar  stamp  and  character  of 
his  own,  for  strength,  clearness,  and  facility,  without  any  mixture 
of  styles,  or  extraneous  and  heterogeneous  ornaments."  See  Chal 
mers's  Biog.  Diet.,  and  Burney's  Hist,  of  Music,  vol.  iii. 

Anthems,  Lon.,  1788,  fol. ;  with  portrait  by  Sherwin. 

Boyd,  Andrew.     See  BODIUS. 

Boyd,  Archibald,  Curate  of  Londonderry.  Doctrines 
of  England,  Rome,  and  Oxford  Compared,  Svo.  Episco 
pacy  and  Presbytery,  Svo.  Letters  on  Episcopacy,  <fec.,  Svo. 
The  Christian  Instructor  commends  an  answer  (pub.  1843) 
to  Boyd's  positions  with  respect  to  Episcopacy,  as 

"  A  masterpiece  of  its  kind,  reminding  one  of  the  might  and 
mastery  of  a  learned  age." 

Sermons  on  the  Church.  Strengthen  the  Things  which 
Remain;  a  Sermon. 

"Original  in  its  conception,  vigorous  and  eloquent  in  expres 
sion." — Britannia. 

Boyd,  E.  A  Thanksgiving  on  the  Victory  of  Dettin- 
gen,  Lon.,  1743,  4to. 

Boyd,  Henry,  d.  1832.  Trans,  of  the  Inferno  of 
Dante,  Lon.,  1785,  2  vols.  12mo.  Poems,  1796,  Svo.  Trans, 
of  the  Divina  Commedia  of  Dante,  1802,  3  vols.  Svo.  The 
Penance  of  Hugo;  from  the  Italian,  1805,  Svo.  The  Wood 
man's  Tale,  &c.,  1805,  Svo. 

"  A  very  agreeable  collection,  and  will  add  considerably  to  Mr. 
Boyd's  literary  fame." — Brit.  Critic ;  and  see  Anti-Jacobin. 

The  Triumph  of  Petrarch ;  a  trans.,  1807,  Svo. 

Boyd,  Hugh,  or  Hugh  Macauley,  1746-1791,  was 
educated  at  Trinity  College.  The  Indian  Observer,  and 
some  Miscellaneous  Works,  with  an  Account  of  his  Life 
and  Writings,  by  L.  D.  Campbell,  Lon.,  1798,  1800,  2  vols. 
8vo.  Boyd  wrote  in  Ireland  a  political  periodical  paper 
called  The  Freeholder,  1772;  be  contributed  an  Introduc 
tion  to  Lord  Chatham's  Speeches,  and  The  Whig  to  the 
London  Courant,  pub.  by  Almon.  The  Indian  Observer, 
reprinted  with  other  papers,  as  above,  was  originally  pub. 
at  Madras.  Mr.  Campbell  pub.  the  above  edition  of  his 
works  to  prove  Boyd's  identity  with  Junius,  an  assertion 
said  to  have  been  first  made  by  Almon. 

"  Boyd  wrote  after  Junius,  and,  like  most  political  writers,  aims 
at  his  style ;  and  the  only  conclusion  which  his  friends  have  arrived 
at  amounts  to  this  absurdity,  that  an  imitator  must  be  an  original 
writer;  and  even  this  in  the  case  of  Mr.  Boyd  is  peculiarly  unfor 
tunate,  for  his  imitations  are  among  the  most  feeble  that  have  ever 
been  attempted." 

See  also  another  advocate  for  Mr.  Boyd  in  Chalmers's 
Appendix  to  the  Supplemental  Apology,  <fec.,  1800. 

"  By  comparing  Junius  with  the  other  writings  of  M'Auley  Boyd, 
we  see  the  same  characteristicks  in  all :  the  elegance  and  energy ; 
the  same  inaccuracy  and  inexperience;  the  same  topicks  and  im 
agery  and  expressions ;  the  same  turbulence ;  and  even  in  his  Ob 
server  may  be  traced 

" '  The  cockle  of  rebellion,  insolence,  sedition.' " 

Boyd,  Hugh  Stuart.  Select  Passages  of  the  Writ 
ings  of  St.  Chrysostom,  St.  Gregory  Nazianzen,  and  St. 
Basil,  trans,  from  the  Greek,  1806,  r.  Svo.  Reviewed  in 
Edin.  Rev.  xxiv.  58-72.  A  Selection  from  the  Poems  and 
Writings  of  Gregory  Nazianzen,  1814,  Svo.  On  Cosmogo 
ny,  Phil.  Mag.,  1817.  Reflections  on  the  Atoning  Sacri 
fice  of  Jesus  Christ,  1817,  Svo.  The  Fathers  not  Papists, 
with  discourses  and  other  extracts  from  their  writings;  a 
new  edit.,  considerably  enlarged,  Lon.,  1834,  Svo.  For  a 
notice  of  Mr.  Boyd's  translations,  see  Brit.  Critic,  Oct.  1S34. 

Boyd,  James.  Adam's  Roman  Antiquities;  with 
100  illustrations. 

"  We  bestow  the  unqualified  praise  which  it  merits  on  the  edition 
before  us." — Dublin  University  Mag. 

"  In  references  and  annotations  the  editor  has  bestowed  immense 
pains.  The  pages  are  literally  crammed.  Many  of  the  lengthened 
notes  descriptive  of  ancient  customs  are  most  valuable." — TaWs 
Map. 

Potter's  Antiquities  of  Greece,  with  a  sketch  of  the  Lite 
rature  of  Greece,  by  Sir  D.  K.  Sandford;  with  150  Illus 
trations. 

"  Valuable  improvements  have  been  introduced  into  this  edition." 
— Aberdeen  Journal. 

Boyd,  Rev.  James  R.,  b.  1804,  in  the  State  of  N. 
York,  Prof.  Moral  Philosophy,  and  College  Preacher  at 
Hamilton  Coll.  Elements  of  Rhetoric  and  Literary  Criti 
cism.  Eclectic  Moral  Philosophy.  Westminster  Shorter 


BOY 

Catechism,  with  Scriptural  proofs,  Ac.  Kames's  Elements 
of  Criticism,  with  additions,  Ac. 

Prof.  Boyd  has  rendered  valuable  service  to  polite  litera 
ture  in  editing,  with  biographical  notices,  judicious  critical 
observations  and  explanatory  notes  for  the  use  of  schools 
and  colleges — Milton's  Paradise  Lost,  Young's  Night 
Thoughts,  Thomson's  Seasons,  Cowper's  Task  and  other 
Poems,  and  Pollok's  Course  of  Time. 

Boyd,  John  P.,  of  Boston,  d.  1830,  aged  62,  pub. 
Documents  and  Facts  relative  to  Military  Events  during 
the  late  War,  1816. 

Boyd,  Mark  Alexander,  d.  1601,  aged  about  38 
years,  was  a  son  of  Robert  Boyd  of  Pinkill,  in  Ayrshire, 
Scotland,  and  a  nephew  of  James  Boyd,  Archbishop  of 
Glasgow.  He  was  for  some  time  a  soldier  in  France,  but 
devoted  much  of  his  leisure  to  the  study  of  the  Hebrew, 
Greek,  and  Latin,  and  the  Civil  Law,  and  became  one  of 
the  best  scholars  of  his  day.  Epistolae  Heroidum  et  Hymni, 
p.  142.  Inter  Poet.  Scot.  Delit.,  Amst.,1637,  8vo.  He  had 
an  aversion  to  publication,  and  left  a  number  of  works  in 
MS.  He  trans.  Caesar's  Commentaries  into  Greek,  and 
could  write,  dictate,  and  converse  in  that  language  with 
copiousness  and  elegance. 

"  His  biographer  questions  whether  any  of  the  ancients  have 
excelled  him  in  elegiac  poetry,  and  is  positive  that  none  of  the 
Latins  have  equalled  his  hymns." 

To  the  same  effect  speaks  Olaus  Borrichius : 

"  In  Marco  Alexandro  Bodio,  Scoto,  redivivum  spectamus  Naso- 
fcem;  ea  est  in  ejusdem  Epistolis  Herodium,  lux,  candor,  dexteri- 
tas." — Dissertationes  Academicce  de  Poetis. 

See  Sketch  of  the  Life  of  Boyd,  by  Lord  Hailes,  1783,  Svo. 

Boyd,  Robert,  1578-1627,  a  Scotch  divine,  descended 
from  Robert  Boyd,  Earl  of  Arran,  was  educated  at  the  Uni 
versity  of  Edinburgh.  He  became  Professor  of  Philosophy 
at  Montauban  in  France,  Professor  at  Saumur,  1608,  Pro 
fessor  of  Divinity  in  the  University  of  Glasgow,  1615. 

Prselectiones  in  Epistolam  ad  Ephesios,  Lon.,  1652,  fol.  j 
Geneva,  1662. 

"  An  English  translation  of  this  work  was  made;  if  I  mistake 
not,  by  the  author's  son,  and  published  in  4to.  It  is  not  strictly 
of  an  expository  nature.  It  enters  largely  into  doctrinal,  practi 
cal,  and  controversial  subjects." — ORME. 

"  His  Praslectiones  contain  some  good  critical  remarks,  as  well 
as  many  eloquent  passages,  and  it  is  to  be  regretted  that  he  should 
have  rendered  the  work  heavy  and  repulsive,  by  indulging,  ac 
cording  to  a  practice  then  common  among  the  continental  com 
mentator's,  in  long  digressions,  for  the  sake  of  illustrating  general 
doctrines  and  determining  the  controversies  of  the  times." — DR. 
McCRiE:  Life  of  Melville. 

Boyd, 'Robert.     Legal  Treatises,  Edin.,  1779,  '87. 

Boyd,  Walter.  Essays  on  Polit.  Economy,  Lon., 
1801,  '05,  Svo. 

Boyd,  Sir  William,  A.M.,  M.D.,  b.  1812,  Ayrshire, 
Scotland.  Hist,  of  Literature,  Lon.,  4  vols.  Svo  :  see  Athen., 
and  Lit.  Gaz.  Lects.  on  Anc.  and  Mod.  Lit.,  Art,  Ac.,  12mo. 

Boyd,  or  Boyde,  Zachary.  The  Battle  of  Soul  in 
Death,  Edin.,  1619,  Svo.  Oratio,  Ac.,  1633,  4to.  Crosses, 
Comforts,  Counsels,  Ac.,  Glasg.,  1643,  Svo.  The  Garden 
of  Zion,  Glasg.,  2  vols.  Svo,  1644.  Two  Oriental  Pearls, 
Grace  and  Glory,  Edin.,  1718,  12mo.  This  good  man 
turned  the  Bible  into  rhyme  in  the  vulgar  dialect  of  the 
country,  to  be  pub.  and  circulated  for  the  benefit  of  the 
common  people ;  and  for  this  purpose  he  intrusted  a  large 
Bum  to  the  University  of  Glasgow.  His  executors,  how 
ever,  never  pub.  the  MSS.,  deeming  it  inexpedient  to  cir 
culate  this  poetical  version. 

Boyde,  H.    Voyage  to  Barbary,  Lon.,  1736,  Svo. 

Boydell,  James.  Works  on  Gauging,  Ac.,  Lon., 
1764,  '84,  Svo. 

Boydell,  James.  Treatise  on  Landed  Property. 
1849,  r.  Svo. 

Boydell,  John.     Sermon  on  Ps.  ci.,  1727,  Svo. 

Boydell,  John.     See  SHAKSPEARE. 

Boydell,  Josiah.  Improvement  of  the  Arts  and 
Sciences,  1805. 

Boyer,  Abel,  1667-1729,  though  a  native  of  Lan- 
guedoc,  was  a  resident  of  England  from  1689.  His  French 
and  English  Dictionary,  pub.  Lon.,  1699,  fol.,  is  still  well 
known  ;  but  he  compiled  some  English  works,  which  prin 
cipally  claim  our  notice.  Political  State  of  Great  Britain 
from  1711  to  1729;  continued  to  1740,  making  60  vols. 
Svo.  This  contains  the  history  of  ecclesiastical  and  civil 
parties  and  affairs,  with  abstracts  from  pamphlets,  Ac.  re 
lating  to  Great  Britain  and  the  Continent.  Annals  of  the 
Reign  of  Queen  Anne,  1703-13,  11  vols.  Svo.  History  of 
Queen  Anne,  1735,  fol. 

"  A  very  good  chronicle  of  this  period  of  English  Historv  " 

History  of  William  III.,  1702,  3  vols.  Svo.  Life  of  Sir 
William  Temple,  1714,  Svo.  Other  works. 

"  His  publications  are  more  useful  now  than  when  published,  as 


BOY 

they  contain  many  state  papers,  memorials,  Ac.,  which  it  would 
be  difficult  to  find  elsewhere." 

Swift  speaks  of  him  contemptuously  on  account  of  his 
political  predilections,  and  Pope  honours  him  by  a  place 
in  The  Dunciad. 

Boyers,  D.     The  Builder's  Companion,  1807,  Svo. 

Boyes,  J.  F.  Parallel  Illustrations  of  the  Tragedies 
of  jEschylus  and  Sophocles,  Lon.,  Svo. 

"  To  use  the  language  of  Cicero,  he  has  rendered  those  studies 
which  nurtured  boyhood,  delightful  to  age." — Lon.  Athenaeum. 

"  One  of  the  most  pleasing  classical  works  that  we  have  lately 
read."— ion.  Gent.  Mag. 

Boyle,  Charles,  fourth  Earl  of  Orrery,  grandson  of 
the  "Great  Earl  of  Cork,"  1676-1731,  was  the  second  son 
of  Roger,  second  Earl  of  Orrery,  by  Lady  Mary  Sackville, 
daughter  to  Richard,  Earl  of  Dorset  and  Middlesex.  At 
15  he  entered  a  nobleman  at  Christ  Church,  Oxford.  His 
talents  were  so  marked  that  Dr.  Aldrich,  in  completing  at 
his  request  the  compendium  of  Logic  long  used  at  Oxford, 
styles  him  Magnum  ^Edis  nostrae  ornamentum.  Dr.  Aid- 
rich's  high  opinion  of  his  abilities  proved  in  the  end  a 
misfortune  to  Boyle,  as  the  dean's  encouragement  induced 
him  to  undertake  the  care  of  the  edition  of  the  Epistles  of 
Phalaris,  pub.  1695,  which  provoked  the  celebrated  con 
troversy  with  "  slashing  Bentley."  This  subject  we  have 
already  treated  in  the  article  BENTLEY,  RICHARD.  The  in 
strument  called  the  Orrery  was  so  named  by  Sir  Richard 
Steele,  in  error,  from  the  fact  that  one  of  the  first  was  made 
for  the  earl  by  Rowley.  The  real  inventor  was  a  Mr. 
George  Graham.  The  earl  was  the  author  of  As  You  Find 
It,  a  Comedy,  1703;  in  vol.  2d  of  the  Works  of  Roger, 
Earl  of  Orrery;  (Lon.,  1739,  2  vols.  Svo.)  Some  Copies  of 
Verses.  A  Latin  Trans,  of  the  Epistles  of  Phalaris,  and 
Notes  to  that  Author,  Oxon.,  1695,  8vo;  in  English,  1698, 
12mo.  Examination  of  Dr.  Bentley's  Dissertation  on  the 
Epistles  of  Phalaris,  and  ^Esop's  Fables,  Lon.,  1698,  Svo ; 
1699,  Svo;  (chiefly  written  by  ATTERBURY,  FREIND,  and 
KING  :  see  these  names.)  Preamble  to  his  patent  of  Peer 
age,  Lon.,  1711,  4to ;  An  Epilogue  to  his  Predecessor's 
Altemira,  and  several  Songs  in  it 

Boyle  was  in  great  estimation  with  the  wits  of  the  age. 
We  have  already  stated  that  Garth  stereotyped  his  igno 
rance  in  the  well-known  couplet, 

"  So  diamonds  owe  a  lustre  to  their  foil, 
And  to  a  BENTLEY  'tis  we  owe  a  BOYLE." 

See  BENTLEY,  RICHARD. 

His  brilliancy  was  unquestionable,  but  he  was  forced  to 
"pale  his  ineffectual  fire"  before  the  splendour  of  Bent- 
ley's  rays. 

"  He  resembled  in  his  character,  and  not  a  little  in  his  fortunes, 
his  illustrious  ancestor,  the  first  Earl  of  Orrery.  Like  him,  he  was 
an  author,  a  soldier,  and  a  statesman.  His  learning  was  solid,  not 
pedantic;  and  though  he  did  not  affect  the  orator  in  public,  yet 
in  private  conversation,  no  man  spoke  with  greater  ease  to  him 
self,  or  pleasure  to  those  who  heard  him." — DR.  CAMPBELL. 

See  Park's  Walpole's  R.  &  N.  Authors ;  Biog.  Brit. 

Boyle,  Hamilton,  Earl  of  Cork  and  Orrery,  second 
son  of  John,  Earl  of  Orrery,  great-great-grandson  of  the 
"  Great  Earl  of  Cork,"  1730-1764,  was  admitted  in  1748 
student  of  Christ  Church,  Oxford.  His  claims. to  author 
ship  consist  of  Nos.  60  and  170  in  the  periodical  entitled 
The  World. 

"  They  are  drawn  up  with  vivacity,  elegance,  and  humour,  at 
fording  a  proof  that  if  his  life  had  been  continued,  he  would  have 
added  new  literary  honour  to  his  celebrated  name  and  family." 

Boyle,  Henry.  The  Universal  Chronologist,  Ac., 
from  the  Creation  to  1825,  inclusive,  trans,  from  the 
French  of  M.  St.  Martin,  with  an  elaborate  continuation, 
2  vols.  Svo,  Lon.,  1826. 

Boyle,  John,  Earl  of  Cork  and  Orrery,  great-grand- 
son  of  the  "  Great  Earl  of  Cork,"  father  of  the  above,  and 
son  of  Charles,  Earl  of  Orrery,  was  educated  at  West 
minster  and  Christ  Church,  Oxford,  of  which  college  hia 
father  was  so  distinguished  an  ornament. 

Poems  to  the  Memory  of  John  Sheffield,  Duke  of  Buck 
ingham,  Dubl.,  1741,  Svo.  Imitations  of  the  1st  and  5th 
Odes  of  Horace,  1741.  Letters  of  Pliny  the  Younger, 
Lon.,  1752,  2  vols.  4to  and  Svo. 

"  In  this  translation  his  lordship  is  allowed  to  have  given  a 
very  just  representation  of  the  character  of  Pliny,  and  of  the  merit 
of  his  letters."— PARK. 

Memoirs  of  the  Life  of  Robert  Gary,  Earl  of  Monmouth, 
1759,  Svo ;  2d  edit.,  1760,  Svo.  Letters  from  Italy,  writ 
ten  in  1754  and  1755  to  William  Duncombe,  Esq.,  1774. 
He  wrote  Nos.  47,  68,  and  161,  in  The  World,  contributed 
some  Letters  to  The  Connoisseur,  (signed  G.  K.,  Ac.,)  and 
was  author  of  some  other  pieces.  But  the  publication  by 
which  he  is  chiefly  known  is,  Remarks  on  the  Life  and 
Writings  of  Dr.  Jonathan  Swift,  in  a  series  of  Letters, 
Lon.,  1751,  Svo.  The  earl  was  much  censured  for  this 

231 


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BOY 


publication,  as  it  exposed  to  the  world  matters  which  it 
was  thought  he  should,  as  Swift's  friend,  have  confined  to 
his  own  bosom.  Warburton,  in  his  letters  to  Bishop  Hurd, 
takes  the  earl  to  task  in  his  usual  coarse  style,  calling 
them  "detestable  letters."  Dr.  Johnson  justified  his 
lordship. 

"  Macleod  asked  Johnson  if  it  was  not  wrong  in  Orrery  to  expose 
the  defects  of  a  man  with  whom  he  had  lived  in  intimacy.  JOHN- 
BON  :  '  Why  no,  sir,  after  the  man  is  dead ;  for  then  it  is  done  his 
torically.'  ...  He  said  Orrery  was  a  feeble-minded  man :  that  on 
the  publication  of  Dr.  Delany's  Remarks  on  his  book,  he  was  so 
much  alarmed  that  he  was  afraid  to  read  them.  Dr.  Johnson  com 
forted  him  by  telling  him  they  were  both  in  the  right ;  that  De- 
lany  had  seen  most  of  the  good  side  of  Swift, — Lord  Orrery  most 
of  the  bad.  .  .  .  Speaking  of  the  noble  family  of  Boyle,  he  said  that 
all  the  Lord  Orrery s  till  the  present  had  been  writers.  The  first 
wrote  several  plays;  the  second  was  Bentley's  antagonist;  the 
third  wrote  the  life  of  Swift,  and  several  other  things ;  his  son 
Hamilton  wrote  some  papers  in  the  Adventurer  and  World." — 
BosweWs  Johnson. 

Either  Johnson  or  Boswell  was  inaccurate  here. 

"In  every  domestic  and  social  relation,  in  all  the  endearing 
connections  of  life,  as  a  husband,  a  father,  a  friend,  a  master,  Lord 
Orrery  had  few  equals.  The  lustre  which  he  received  from  rank 
and  title,  he  reflected  back  unimpaired  and  undiminished.  .  .  . 
He  loved  truth  even  to  a  degree  of  adoration,  and  as  a  real  Chris 
tian  constantly  hoped  for  a  better  life,  there  trusting  to  know  the 
real  cause  of  those  effects  which  here  struck  him  with  wonder,  but 
not  with  doubt." — DUNCOMBE. 

"  My  friend,  the  late  Earl  of  Cork,  had  a  great  desire  to  main 
tain  the  literary  character  of  his  family :  he  was  a  genteel  man, 
but  did  not  keep  up  the  dignity  of  his  rank.  He  was  so  generally 
civil,  that  nobody  thanked  him  for  it.  ...  If  he  had  been  rich,  he 
would  have  been  a  very  liberal  patron.  His  conversation  was 
like  his  writings,  neat  and  elegant,  but  without  strength.  He 
grasped  at  more  than  his  abilities  could  reach ;  tried  to  pass  for  a 
better  talker,  a  better  writer,  and  a  better  thinker  than  he  was." 
— DR.  JOHNSON. 

Boyle,  Miss  Mary  Louisa.  Bridal  of  Melcha,  p. 
8vo.  State  Prisoner,  2  vols.  p.  8vo.  The  Forester;  a 
Tale  of  1688,  3  vols.  p.  8vo. 

"  Interesting,  skilfully  wrought,  and  abounding  in  passages  of 
great  beauty.  .  .  .  Far  superior  to  the  ordinary  run  of  novels." — 
Scotsman. 

Boyle,  Richard,  the  "Great  Earl  of  Cork,"  1566- 
1644,  a  native  of  Canterbury,  educated  at  Bene't,  or  Cor 
pus  Christi,  College,  Cambridge,  belongs  to  political  rather 
than  to  literary  history.  We  may,  however,  claim  him  as 
an  author  from  his  True  Remembrances  of  his  Life,  pub. 
in  Dr.  Birch's  Life  of  the  Hon.  Mr.  [Robert]  Boyle,  Lon., 
1744,  8vo.  The  literary  character  of  this  family  is  evinced 
by  the  fact  that  we  record  in  our  list  of  authors  the  fol 
lowing  descendants  of  the  Great  Earl  of  Cork:  Roger, 
5th  son;  Robert,  7th  son;  Charles,  a  grandson;  John,  a 
great-grandson  ;  and  Hamilton,  a  great-great-grandson. 

Boyle,  Hon.  Robert,  1627-1691,  seventh  son  and 
fourteenth  child  of  the  "  Great  Earl  of  Cork,"  was  born 
at  his  father's  seat,  Lismore  Castle,  in  the  province  of 
Munster,  Ireland,  January  25.  When  little  more  than 
eight  years  of  age  he  was  removed  to  Eton  School,  where 
he  remained  for  four  years.  In  1638  he  was  sent  to  Ge 
neva  to  continue  his  studies,  and  here  he  devoted  himself 
with  great  assiduity  to  Natural  Philosophy,  the  French 
language,.<fcc.  In  1644  he  returned  to  England,  and  for 
four  months  resided  with  his  sister,  Lady  Ranelagh. 
From  March,  1646,  to  May,  1650,  he  was  occupied  at  his 
estate  of  Stalbridge  in  an  extensive  course  of  experiments 
in  Natural  Philosophy,  paying  especial  regard  to  Chemis 
try.  He  visited  Ireland  in  1652,  and  on  his  return  in 
1654  put  in  execution  a  project  which  he  had  long  che 
rished  of  settling  at  Oxford,  where  were  many  of  his 
learned  friends,  viz. :  Wilkins,  Wallis,  Ward,  Willis,  Wren, 
Bathurst,  and  others.  He  resided  principally  at  Oxford 
until  April,  1668,  when  he  settled  in  London  at  his  sister, 
Lady  Ranelagh's,  in  Pall  Mall.  The  affectionate  rela 
tives  never  separated  again  until  the  death  of  the  Vis 
countess  Ranelagh,  in  December,  1691;  her  illustrious 
brother  survived  her  only  a  week,  and  they  were  buried 
by  each  other  in  the  church  of  St.  Martin-in-the-Fields. 
Mr.  Boyle  was  never  married.  To  a  man  of  the  character 
of  Robert  Boyle  death  brought  no  terrors :  the  great  phi 
losopher  had  long  before  learned  to  "become  a  little 
child,"  and  reposed  with  unfeigned  humility,  yet  confiding 
hope,  in  the  promises  of  Him  who  is  " the  Resurrection 
and  the  Life."  Earthly  honours  he  had  never  courted 
Of  fifteen  children  of  the  "  Great  Earl  of  Cork,"  the  phi 
losopher  was  the  only  one  who  never  obtained  a  title. 
Four  of  his  brothers  were  peers,  and  a  peerage  was  often 
urged  upon  the  subject  of  our  memoir,  and  as  often  re 
fused.  At  the  early  age  of  14  he  became  duly  impressed 
with  the  supreme  importance  of  religious  truth;  and  feel 
ing  that  if  religion  was  any  thing,  it  was  every  thing,  he 
ever  lived  "  as  in  his  great  Taskmaster's  eye."  He  had  that 
232 


active  zeal  in  his  Saviour's  cause,  which  puts  to  shame 
the  coldness  and  spiritual  apathy  of  the  great  majority  of 
"those  who  profess  and  call  themselves  Christians."  So 
great  was  his  reverence  for  the  Supreme  Being,  that  he 
never  mentioned  the  name  of  God  without  making  a  de 
cided  pause  in  the  conversation :  Sir  Peter  Pett,  who  knew 
him  for  nearly  40  years,  declared  himself  unable  to  recol 
lect  an  instance  to  the  contrary.  He  wrote  a  number  of 
religious  works,  printed  at  his  own  expense  the  Church 
Catechism  and  New  Testament  in  Irish,  and  500  copies  of 
the  Four  Gospels  and  the  Acts  of  the  Apostles  in  the 
Malay  Language,  published  Pocock's  Arabic  Translation 
of  Grotius's  De  Veritate  for  circulation  in  the  Levant, 
and  contributed  largely  to  the  Society  for  Propagating  the 
Gospel  in  New  England.  When  we  add  to  these  proofs 
of  zeal  the  establishment  of  the  Boyle  Lecture,  "designed 
to  prove  the  truth  of  the  Christian  Religion  among  Infi 
dels,"  we  have  given  sufficient  evidence  of  the  existence 
of  a  faith-  proved  by  works  of  the  most  beneficent  cha 
racter. 

Whilst  at  Stalbridge,  1646-50,  Boyle  was  one  of  a  so 
ciety  of  learned  men,  termed  by  him,  The  Invisible  Col 
lege;  this  was  the  germ  of  The  Royal  Society,  which  was 
incorporated  in  1663.  In  1680  Boyle  was  elected  to  the 
Presidency,  but  declined  the  honour.  His  publications 
were  very  numerous.  His  New  Experiments,  physico-me- 
chanical,  touching  the  spring  of  the  Air  and  its  effects, 
were  pub.,  Oxford,  1660,  8vo.  In  a  second  edit.,  pub.  in 

1662,  he  answered  the  objections  of  Linus  and  Hobbes. 
A  3d  edit,  appeared  in  1682.     Seraphic  Love,  1660,  8vo; 
finished   in    1648 :    this  has  been  translated  into   Latin. 
Certain  Physiological  Essays  and  other  tracts,  1661,  4to; 
with  additions,  1669,  4to.     Skeptical  Chemist,  1662,  8vo; 
again,  1679,  8vo.     Considerations  touching  the  Usefulness 
of  Experimental  Natural  Philosophy,   1663,  4to;    again, 

1664.  Experiments   and   Considerations   upon    Colours^ 

1663,  8vo.     Trans,  into  Latin.     Considerations  upon  the 
Style  of  the  Holy  Scriptures,  1663,  8vo  ;  trans,  into  Latin, 
Oxf.,  1665.     Occasional  Reflections  upon  several  subjects, 

1665,  8vo;  1669,  8vo.     New  Experiments  and  Observa 
tions   upon   Cold,   1665,   8vo;    1683,  4to.     Hydrostatical 
Paradoxes,  &c.,  1666,  8vo;    in  Latin,  Oxf.,  1669,  12mo. 
Among  his  other  publications  (see  list  in  Bibl.  Brit.)  were, 
A  Continuation  of  the  Experiments  on  Air.     A  Discourse 
of  Absolute  Rest  in  Bodies.     An  Invention  to  Estimate 
the  Weight  of  Water.     A  Discourse  of  Things  above  Rea 
son.     A  Free  Inquiry  into  the  Vulgarly  received  Notion 
of  Nature.     A  Free  Discourse  against  Customary  Swear 
ing.    Considerations  about  the  Reconcilableness  of  Reason 
and  Religion.     On  the  high  Veneration  Man's  Intellect 
owes  to  God,  peculiarly  for  his  Wisdom  and  Power.     Dr. 
Birch  pub.  a  collection  of  his  works,  in  5  vols.  fol.,  Lon., 
1744.     Another  edition  was  pub.,  Lon.,  1772,  6  vols.  4to. 
Philosophical  Works  abridged,  Lon.,  1725,  3  vols.  4to. 
An  incomplete  edition  of  his  works  was  pub.  in  Latin  at 
Geneva  in    1676,  4to.     Opera  varia,   Genev.,  1680,  4to; 
again  in  1704.     Theological  Works  epitomized  by  Richard 
Boulton,  Lon.,  1699,  4  vols.  8vo;  1715,  3  vols.  8vo.     The 
Sermons  delivered  at  the  Boyle  Lecture,  1691-1732,  with 
the  additions  and  amendments  of  the  several  authors,  were 
pub.,  Lon.,  1739,  3  vols.  fol. ;  an  abridgment  of  the  Ser 
mons  preached  at  the  Boyle  Lecture  in  4  vols.  8vo,  by 
Rev.  Gilbert  Burnet,  Lon.,   1737.      Consult  Booksellers' 
catalogues  for  a  list  of  those  printed  separately :  and  see 
Nichols's  Literary  Anecdotes,  vol.  vi.,  for  the  names  of  the 
preachers  to  1810,  and  a  list  to  1846-47  in  Darling's  Cyc. 
B  ibliographica. 

"  If  all  other  defences  of  religion  were  lost,  there  is  solid  rea 
soning  enough  in  these  volumes  to  remove  the  scruples  of  most 
unbelievers." — BISHOP  WATSON. 

"  For  much  important  matter  on  the  province  of  reason  in  judg 
ing  of  revelation,  I  would  earnestly  recommend  the  theological 
writings  of  the  Hon.  Mr.  Boyle.  No  man  had  more  thoroughly 
considered  the  extent  and  limits  of  the  human  understandiiif;; 
none,  perhaps,  ever  combined  more  perfectly  the  characters  of  the 
philosopher  and  the  theologian." — BISHOP  VAN  MILDERT. 

We  should  not  omit  to  mention  that  Lord  Clarendon 
urged  Mr.  Boyle  to  enter  into  holy  orders,  but  remember 
ing  that  "  no  man  taketh  this  honour  unto  himself,"  and 
not  feeling  "inwardly  moved"  to  assume  "this  Office  and 
Ministration,"  he  remained  in  the  ranks  of  the  laity.  Yet 
religion  was  ever  with  him  the  "  primum  mobile :"  thus 
honouring  God,  God  forgot  not  his  promise,  and  highly 
exalted  his  servant;  for  to  him  was  given,  in  a  larger  mea 
sure  than  often  pertaineth  to  the  sons  of  men,  understand 
ing,  and  wisdom,  and  durable  riches.  His  tried  friend, 
|  Bishop  Burnet,  chose  most  appropriately  as  the  text  for 
i  his  funeral  discourse,  "  For  God  giveth  to  a  man  that  is 


BOY 


BOY 


good  in  his  sight,  wisdom,  knowledge,  and  joy."  (Eccles. 
xi.  26.)  It  has  been  truly  said  that 

"The  works  of  Boyle  discover  the  solid  learning  and  great 
acuteness  of  the  philosopher,  blended  with  all  that  veneration  for 
God,  and  love  to  His  revealed  will,  which  so  eminently  character- 
»zed  him  as  a  Christian." 

The  value  of  his  contributions  to  the  cause  of  science, 
to  the  province  of  Natural  Philosophy  especially,  cannot 
be  too  highly  esteemed.  More  than  two-thirds  of  his 
works  are  composed  of  the  results  of  his  investigations 
in  Pneumatics,  Chemistry,  Medicine,  and  kindred  sub 
jects.  The  philosophers  of  the  day  and  of  succeeding 
times  acknowledge  their  obligations  to  Boyle  in  the 
Strongest  terms.  What  a  splendid  eulogy  is  that  of  the 
great  Boerhaave ! 

"  Mr.  Boyle,  the  ornament  of  his  age  and  country,  succeeded  to 
the  genius  and  enquiries  of  the  great  Chancellor  Verulam.  Which 
of  all  Mr.  Boyle's  writings  shall  I  recommend  ?  All  of  them !  To 
him  we  owe  the  secrets  of  fire,  air,  water,  animals,  vegetables, 
fossils :  so  that  from  his  works  may  be  deduced  the  whole  system 
of  natural  knowledge." 

It  has  been  remarked  with  reference  to  the  fact  that 
Boyle  was  born  in  the  same  year  in  which  Bacon  died : 
"  Sol  occubuit ;  nox  nulla  secuta"  est." 

"  For  the  history  of  nature,  ancient  and  modern,  of  the  produc 
tions  of  all  countries,  of  the  virtues  and  improvements  of  plants, 
of  ores,  and  minerals,  and  all  the  varieties  that  are  in  them  in 
different  climates,  he  was  by  much,  by  very  much,  the  readiest 
and  perfectest  I  ever  knew,  in  the  greatest  compass,  and  with  the 
nicest  exactness." — BISHOP  BURNET. 

See  Sir  Isaac  Newton's  letter  to  Oldenberg,  respecting 
some  of  Boyle's  experiments,  communicated  to  the  Royal 
Society,  pub.  in  Phil.  Trans.,  1675. 

"  As  a  philosopher  he  conferred  advantages  on  Science  which 
place  him  in  the  same  rank  with  Bacon  and  Newton.  When  he 
began  his  experiments,  the  inquiries  to  which  he  devoted  himself 
had  scarcely  carried  the  students  of  nature  to  the  threshold  of  her 
sanctuary.  The  most  unwarranted  suppositions  were  allowed  to 
hold  the  place  of  facts,  and  reasoning  was  carried  on  with  but  rare 
appeals  to  any  but  a  mere  empirical  experience.  Aristotle  had 
still  his  ardent  admirers  on  the  one  side,  and  on  the  other,  Des 
cartes  was  dazzling,  as  well  as  aweing,  the  minds  of  men  into  the 
belief  that  Nature  had  unveiled  herself  to  his  bold  and  subtle 
gaze." — Cunningham's  Biog.  History. 

But  Boyle  and  his  associates  inherited  the  inductive 
system  which  Bacon  had  left  as  a  legacy  to  the  world,  and 
to  what  a  noble  end  did  they  apply  their  patrimony ! 

"  To  Boyle  the  world  is  indebted,  besides  some  very  acute  re 
marks  and  many  fine  illustrations  of  his  own  upon  metaphysical 
Suestions  of  the  highest  moment,  for  the  philosophical  arguments 
a  defence  of  religion,  which  have  added  so  much  lustre  to  the 
names  of  Derham  and  Bentley ;  and,  iar  above  both,  to  that  of 
Clarke.  ...  I  do  not  recollect  to  have  seen  it  anywhere  noticed, 
that  some  of  the  most  striking  and  beautiful  instances  of  design 
in  the  order  of  the  material  world,  which  occur  in  the  sermons 
preached  at  Boyle's  Lecture,  are  borrowed  from  the  works  of  the 
founder." — Ditgalcl  Stewart,  Diss.  1st,  Eno/cl.  Brit.  See  Bird's  Life 
of  Boyle:  Biog.  Brit. ;  Thomson's  Hist,  of  Royal  Society. 

Boyle,  Captain  Robert.  Voyages  and  Adventures 
in  several  Parts  of  the  World,  Lon.,  1728,  Svo.  This  fic 
titious  narrative,  written  by  BENJ.  VICTOR,  (q,  v.,)  has  been 
frequently  reprinted. 

Boyle,  Roger,  1621-1679,  Baron  Broghill,  Earl  of 
Orrery,  and  fifth  son  of  the  "  Great  Earl  of  Cork,"  was  a 
native  of  Ireland,  and  educated  at  the  College  of  Dublin.' 
The  Irish  Colours  Displayed,  Lon.,  1622,  4to.  Answer  to 
a  Letter  of  Peter  Walsh's,  1662,  4to.  Poem  on  the  Death 
of  Cowley,  1657,  fol.  Hist,  of  Henry  V. ;  a  Tragedy,  1688, 
foL  Mustapha;  a  Trag.,  1667,  fol.  The  Black  Prince;  a 
Trag.,  1672,  fol.  Triphon;  a  Trag.,  1672,  fol.  These  four 
plays  were  collected  and  pub.  in  1690,  and  compose  the 
1st  vol.  of  the  earl's  dramatic  works.  Parthenissa,  a  Ro 
mance,  3  vols.  4to,  1665.  A  Dream.  Treatise  upon  the 
Art  of  War,  1677,  fol. 

"  Commended  by  many  expert  captains  for  the  best  piece  extant 
in  English." — ANTHONY  WOOD. 

Poems  on  the  Fasts  and  the  Festivals  of  the  Church. 
His  Posthum.  works  are,  Mr.  Anthony ;  a  Comedy,  1692. 
Guzman  ;  a  Comedy,  1692.  Herod  the  Great;  a  Tragedy, 
1693.  Altemira;  a  Tragedy,  produced  1702.  State  Let 
ters,  pub.  1742,  fol. 
"  Well  worthy  the  notice  of  the  reader." — GRANGER. 

"  A  man  who  never  made  a  bad  figure  but  as  an  author 

The  sensible  author  of  a  very  curious  life  of  this  lord,  in  the  Bio- 
graphia.  seems  to  be  as  bad  a  judge  of  poetry  as  his  lordship,  or 
Cicero,  when  he  says  that  his  writings  are  never  '  flat  and  trivial.' 
What  does  he  think  of  a  hundred  such  lines  as  these? 
"  '  When  to  the  wars  of  Aquitaine  I  went, 
I  made  a  friendship  with  the  Earl  of  Kent.' 

The  Black  P>~ince,  act  v. 

"  One  might  as  well  find  the  sublime,  or  the  modest,  or  the  har 
monious,  in  this  line : 

" '  0  fortunatam  natam  me  oonsule  Roinam ! ' " 

HORACE  WALPOLE:  R.  <&N.  Authors. 
His  treatment  of  his  domestics  and  dependants  com 


mends  itself  to   all   who    would   discharge   a  necessary 
duty. 

"  He  frequently  observed  that  the  meanest  of  them  had  a  soul 
to  be  saved  as  well  as  himself;  and  therefore  he  not  only  obliged 
his  chaplain  to  have  a  due  attention  to  their  spiritual  concerns, 
but  frequently  inspected  the  discharge  of  his  duty  in  this  particu 
lar."—  Biog.  Brit. 

Boyle,  W.  R.  Treatise  on  the  Law  of  Charities, 
Lon.,  8vo. 

Boylston,  Zabdiel,  M.D.,  1680-1766,  a  native  of 
Brookshire,  Massachusetts,  first  introduced  inoculation  for 
the  smallpox  into  America.  He  pub.  two  works  upon 
this  subject,  1721-30,  (Lon.,  1726,)  and  some  communica 
tions  in  the  Philosophical  Transactions. 

Boyne,  J.     Letter  to  R.  B.  Sheridan,  M.P.,  1792,  Svo. 

Boyne,  L.  S.  Cursory  Remarks  on  the  Physical  and 
Moral  History  of  the  Human  Species,  1815,  Svo. 

Boys,  Mrs.  The  Coalition,  or  Family  Anecdotes ;  a 
Novel,  1785,  2  vols.  12mo. 

Boys,  Edward.  Sermons,  edit. by  R.  Flynt,  1672, 4to. 

Boys,  Henry.     Con.  to  Trans.  Linn.  Soc.,  1800. 

Boys,  Henry.     Sermons,  Lon.,  1841. 

Boys,  James.  Prac.  Expos,  on  the  39  Articles,  Ac., 
1716,  fol. 

Boys,  or  Bois,  John,  1560-1643,  Prebendary  of  Ely 
Cathedral,  trans,  the  Apocrypha,  Ac.,  in  the  K.  James's 
version  of  the  Holy  Scriptures.  He  left  many  MSS.,  but 
pub.  only  Veteris  Interprets  cum  Beza  aliisque  recentiori- 
bus  Collatio,  eto.,  1655,  Svo. 

"  Many  of  his  strictures  on  Beza  are  correct,  and  his  defences  of 
the  Latin  Vulgate  often  ingenious  and  important." — ORME. 

See  a  curious  life  of  Bois,  by  himself,  in  Peck's  Deside 
rata.  He  assisted  Sir  Henry  Saville  in  his  edit,  of  St. 
Chrysostom. 

Boys,  John,  1571-1625,  Dean  of  Canterbury.  Expo 
sitions  upon  the  Festivals,  Epistles,  and  Gospels  in  the 
English  Liturgy,  Lon.,  1614,  4to.  New  edit.,  Phila.,  1849, 
Svo.  Workes,  1622-29,  fol.  His  Remains,  viz. :  Certaine 
Sermons,  1631,  4to. 

"  His  style  partakes  of  the  quaintness  of  the  age,  but  upon  the 
whole  we  think  him  less  blamable  on  this  score  than  some  of  his 
contemporaries." 

Boys,  John.  ^Eneas,  his  Descent  into  Hell,  Lon., 
1661,  4to.  Bibl.  Anglo-Poet.  £3  3s.,  contains  pp.  248. 

Boys,  John.     Agriculture  of  Kent.,  Lon.,  1796,  Svo. 

"  General  opinion  has  ever  given  it  the  palm  of  county  reports 
of  agriculture,  for  soundness  of  judgment  and  enlightened  practi 
cal  views." — Donaldson's  Agricult.  Biog. 

Boys,  John,  M.D.  Letter  on  Midwifery,  Lon.,  1807,8vo. 

Boys,  Thomas,  of  Trinity  College,  Cambridge. 
Tactica  Sacra :  an  Attempt  to  develope  and  to  exhibit  to 
the  Eye,  by  tabular  Arrangement,  a  general  Rule  of  Com 
position  prevailing  in  the  Holy  Scriptures,  Lon.,  1825,  r.4to. 

"  An  ingenious  attempt  to  extend  to  the  epistolary  writings  of 
the  N.  Testament  the  principles  of  composition  so  ably  illustrated 
by  Bishop  Jebb."— T.  H.  HORNE. 

See  Brit.  Review,  xxii.  176.  Key  to  the  Book  of  Psalms, 
Lon.,  1825,  Svo. 

"  An  ingenious  application  of  Bishop  Jebb's  system  of  Poetical 
Parallelism  to  the  interpretation  of  the  Book  of  Psalms."— T.  H. 
HORNE. 

"  The  subject  of  parallelism  is  important."— BICKERSTETH. 

New  Testament,  with  a  Plain  Exposition  for  the  Use  of 
Families,  Lon.,  1827,  s.  4to. 

':  For  perspicuity  of  expression,  and  power  of  application,  it  will 
often  bear  comparison  with  the  best."— GIRDLESTONE. 

"Original,  practical,  and  evangelical.  .  .  .  Wrell  adapted  for  fa 
mily  improvement." — BICKERSTETH. 

Serins.,  Svo.  Suppressed  Evidence  on  Miracles,  1832,  Svo. 
Tributes  to  the  Dead,  12mo.  Word  for  the  Church,  Ac.,  12mo. 

Boys,  T.  S.  Sketches  of  London,  fol.,  £4  4*.  Co 
loured,  £10  lOff.  Picturesque  Architecture  of  Paris, 
Ghent,  Antwerp,  Rouen,  Ac.,  29  drawings  in  oil,  fol.,  £4  4*. ; 
imp.  fol.,  £6  6*. 

"  Our  recommendation  of  it  to  all  who  love  and  can  appreciate 
art  cannot  be  given  in  terms  too  strong ;  it  is  worthy  of  the  high 
est  possible  praise.  The  work  is  of  exceeding  beauty."— Lon.  Art 
Union. 

"  A  superb  volume." — London  Spectator. 

Boys,  William,  1735-1803,  an  eminent  surgeon  and 
antiquary,  was  a  native  of  Kent.  His  principal  work  is 
Collections  for  the  History  of  Sandwich ;  3  parts,  4to, 
Lon.,  1786,  '88,  '92. 

"  An  elaborate  and  valuable  work." 

He  contributed  to  Duncombe's  History  of  Reculver  and 
Herne,  1783,  and  pub.  Observations  on  the  Kits-Coity 
House,  in  Kent,  in  Archseol.  vol.  xi.  Testacea  Minuta 
Rariora,  by  Boys,  Walker,  and  Jacob,  was  pub.  in  1784,  4to. 

Boyse,  John.  Vindication  of  A.  Osborne,  Lon.,  1690, 
4to.  Sacramental  Hymns,  1693,  12mo.  Passages  rel.  to 
E.  French,  1693,  Svo. 

233 


BOY 

Boyse,  John.     The  Praise  of  Peace,  Lon.,  1742,  8vo. 

Boyse,  Joseph,  1660-1728,  a  native  of  Yorkshire, 
joint-pastor  with  Dr.  D.  Williams,  and  afterwards  with 
Rev.  Thos.  Emlyn,  in  Dublin.  Theolog.  Works,  1691- 
1724;  collected,  Lon.,  1728,  2  vols.  fol.  One  of  his  ser 
mons—on  the  Office  of  a  Christian  Bishop— was  ordered 
to  be  burned  by  the  Irish  Parliament,  in  Nov.  1711. 

"Boyse  has  been  called  the  dissenting  Scott,  but  much  more 
polite.  His  language  is  plain,  animated,  and  nervous;  his  matter 
is  excellently  digested." — DODDRIDGE. 

'  Boyse,  Samuel,  1708-1749,  only  son  of  the  preceding. 
Poems,  1731.  Albion's  Triumph,  1742  :  anon.  The  Deity; 
a  Poem,  1740  ;  3d  edit.,  1752.  Boyse  was  involved  in  great 
distress  in  consequence  of  his  idleness  and  improvidence. 
He  was  one  of  the  early  associates  of  Dr.  Johnson. 

"  Pope  acknowledged  that  there  were  lines  in  his  Deity  which 
he  should  not  have  been  ashamed  to  have  written." 

"A  beautiful  and  instructive  poem."— HERVEY  :  Meditations. 

Boyse,  Samuel.     See  BOYCE. 

Boyston,— ,  M.D.,  of  New  England,  probably  BOYLS- 
TON,  Z.,  (q.  v.)  Con.  to  Phil.  Trans.,  1724.  Account  of 
Ambergris  found  in  Whales. 

Bozman,  John  Leeds,  1757-1823,  a  poet,  his 
torian,  and  eminent  lawyer;  born  at  Oxford,  Talbot  co., 
Eastern  Shore  of  Maryland,  and  educated  at  the  Univ.  of 
Penna.  1.  Observations  on  the  Statute  of  Jac.  I.  ch.  16, 
in  relation  to  Estates  Tail.  2.  A  New  Arrangement  of  the 
Courts  of  Justice  of  the  State  of  Maryland,  1802.  3.  His 
tory  of  Maryland  from  1633-60,  [introduction  of  which 
was  pub.  1811,  and  the  complete  work  in  1837,]  Baltimore, 
2  vols.  8vo.  4.  Essay  on  the  Colonization  Society,  Wash 
ington,  1822.  He  was  a  constant  contributor  of  prose  and 
verse  to  Dennie's  Port-Folio  and  other  journals  of  the  day. 

Bozun,  or  Bosen,  an  Anglo-Norman  poet,  wrote  nine 
short  metrical  lives  of  English  saints,  preserved  in  a  MS. 
of  the  British  Museum;  MSS.  Cotton.,  Domit.,  A.  XL, 
and  perhaps  a  short  piece  in  the  preface  of  same  volume. 
See  Wright's  Biog.  Brit.  Lit. 

Brabourne,  Theoph.  Treatises  on  the  Sabbath, 
Lon.,  1628-60,  &c. 

Brace,  Rev.  Charles  Loring,b.l826,atLitchfield, 
Connecticut.  1.  Hungary  in  1851,  12mo. 

"There  is  probably  not  a  work  within  the  reach  of  the  English 
scholar  that  can  afford  him  such  a  satisfactory  view  of  Hungary, 
as  it  now  is,  as  this  work  of  Mr.  Brace."— Christian  Intelligencer 

2.  Home  Life  in  Germany,  N.  York,  1853. 

"  A  candid,  earnest  volume  by  an  accurate  and  true-hearted  ob 
server,  it  will  hold  an  unique  position.  We  are  sure  this  volume 
will  have  a  wide  circulation."— GEORGE  RIPLET. 

3.  Norsefolk :  Travels  in  Norway  and  Sweden,  N.  York, 
1857,  12mo. 

Brace,  John  P.,  b.  1798,  at  Litchfield,  Connecticut; 
grad.  Win.  College,  1812.  Lecture  to  Young  Converts. 
Tales  of  the  Devils.  Fawn  of  the  Pale-Faces,  Ac. 

Brace,  Jonathan,  b.  1810,  in  Conn.;  grad.  Amherst 
Coll.,  1831.     Scripture  Portraits,  N.Y.,  1854,  12mo.     Ser 
mons.     Contrib.  Biblical  Expository,  Ac. 
Bracken,  Edw.  Subordination  enforced ;  a  Serm.,  1794. 
Bracken,  Henry,  M.D.    Works  on  Farriery,  Lon., 
1738-51.     Weston  ascribes  to  him  The  Gentleman's  and 
Farmer's  Guide,  8vo. 

Brackenbury,  Edward.    Expos,  on  Isaiah,  Lon. 
1802,  8vo.    Fifty-Three  Discourses,  Lon.,  1806,  2  vols.  8vo 
"  The  plan  is  good  and  the  execution  sensible." — British  Critic. 
Brackenbury,  Joseph.  Natale  Solum,  &c.,  1810, 8vo 
Brackenridge,  Henry  M.,  b.  1786,  at  Pittsburg 
son  of  H.  H.  Brackenridge,  (post.)    1.  Views  of  Louisiana, 
Ac.  in  1810,  Pittsburg,  1812,  8vo. 

"  To  this  work  we  are  indebted  for  much  various  and  useful  in 
formation."— Edin.  Rev.,  1819. 

2.  Letter  to  Mr.  Monroe,  President  of  U.  States;  by  an 
American,  pp.  100.  3.  Voyage  to  South  America  in  1817- 
18,  Lon.,  1820,  2  vols.  8vo. 

"  An  extraordinary  mass  of  information,  replete  with  philosophi< 
views." — BARON  HUMBOLDT. 

4.  History  of  Late  War  between  U.  S.  and  G.  Britain 
12mo.  5.  Recollections  of  Persons  and  Places  in  the 
West:  vol.  i.,  1834;  vol.  ii.  in  MS.  6.  Essay  on  Trusts 
and  Trustees,  Washington,  1842,  8vo.  7.  History  of  the 
Western  Insurrection,  MS. 

Brackenridge,  Hugh  Henry,  b.  1748,  in  Scotland 
d.  1816,  Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  Pennsylvania,  grad 
at  Princeton  College,  1771.  The  Rising  Glory  of  America, 
a  Poem,  1774.  Eulogium  of  the  Bravo  Men  who  fell  in 
the  Contest  with  Great  Britain,  1779.  Modern  Chivalry 
The  Adventures  of  Captain  Farrago,  1792;  2d  ed.,  1808 
2  vols.  Incidents  of  the  Insurrection  in  1794  in  Pennsyl 
vania,  1795.  Law  Miscellanies,  1814. 

"  These  Miscellanies  are  worthy  of  a  careful  perusal."— Anthori1 
Blk.,  30. 

234 


BRA 

Brackenridge,  William.     17  Sermons,  1764,  8vo. 

Braconnet,  Henry.  Chemical  Con.  to  Nic.  Jour. 
&c.,  1807-17. 

Bracton,  Henry  de,  an  eminent  English  lawyer  of 
the  13th  century,  is  stated  by  Sir  William  Pole  and  Prince 

'de  Worthies  of  Devon)  to  have  been  a  native  of  Devon 
shire.  He  appears  to  have  studied  at  Oxford,  where  he 
took  the  degree  of  LL.D.  In  ancient  records  his  name  is 
written  in  various  ways;  as  Bracton,  Bratton,  Breton, 
Bretton,  Briton,  Britton,  and  Brycton  :  but  Bp.  Nicolson, 

ho  adduces  these  names,  confounds  Bracton  with  John 
Breton.  In  1244  King  Henry  III.  made  him  one  of  the 
judges  itinerant.  His  learned  work,  De  Legibus  et  Con- 
suetudinibus,  was  first  printed  in  1569,  folio.  In  1640  it 
was  printed  in  4to,  after  an  examination  of  many  MSS. 
It  has,  however,  been  alleged  that  some  of  the  most  cor 
rect  MSS.  were  overlooked.  One  of  the  best  MSS.  of  his 
valuable  works  was  burnt  Oct.  23,  1731,  by  a  fire  which 
seriously  damaged  the  Cotton  Library  at  Ashburnhsiin 
House.  It  is  divided  into  five  books,  and  these  into  tracts 
and  chapters. 

"  Consistently  with  the  extensiveness  and  regularity  of  the  plan, 
the  several  parts  of  it  are  filled  with  a  curious  and  accurate  detail 
of  legal  learning;  so  that  the  reader  never  fails  of  deriving  in 
struction  or  amusement  from  the  study  of  this  scientific  treatise 
on  our  ancient  laws  and  customs.  It  is  written  in  a  style  much 
beyond  the  generality  of  the  writers  of  the  age ;  being,  though 
not  always  polished,  yet  sufficiently  clear,  expressive,  and  nervous. 
The  excellence  of  Bracton's  style  must  be  attributed  to  his  ac 
quaintance  with  the  writings  of  the  Roman  lawyers  and  canonists, 
from  whom  likewise  he  adopted  greater  helps  than  the  language 
in  which  he  wrote.  Many  of  those  pithy  sentences  which  have 
been  handed  down  from  him  as  rules  and  maxims  of  our  law,  are 
to  be  found  in  the  volumes  of  the  imperial  and  pontifical  juris 
prudence.  .  .  .  The  value  set  on  this  work  soon  after  its  publica 
tion  is  evinced  by  the  treatises  of  Britton  and  Fleta,  which  are 
nothing  more  than  appendages  to  Bracton.  The  latter  was  in 
tended  as  an  epitome  of  that  author;  and  the  most  of  the  former 
is  confined  to  the  single  office  of  supplying  some  few  articles  that 
had  been  touched  lightly  hy  him,  with  the  addition  of  the  statutes 
made  since  he  wrote.  In  after  times  he  continued  the  great  trea 
sure  of  our  ancient  jurisprudence.  Thus  was  Bracton  deservedly 
looked  up  to  as  the  first  source  of  legal  knowledge,  even  so  low 
down  as  the  days  of  Lord  Coke,  who  seems  to  have  made  the  au 
thor  his  guide  in  all  inquiries  into  the  foundation  of  our  law." 

Our  legal  readers  are  aware  of  the  fact  that  M.  Houard, 
the  Norman  advocate,  when  he  prepared  an  edition  of 
Glanville,  Fleta,  and  Britton,  refused  to  admit  Bracton  to 
such  good  company,  on  the  ground  that  his  writings  had 
corrupted  the  law  of  England !  This  is  like  turning  an 
aged  and  virtuous  Pater  familias  out  of  doors  on  the 
charge  of  disgracing  his  offspring !  For  an  answer  to  M. 
Houard's  assertions,  we  need  only  point  to  his  edition  of 
Littleton— Anciennes  Loix  des  Francois.  But  we  must  not 
forget  that  laymen  are  expected  to  "  occupy  the  place  of 
the  unlearned"  in  such  matters.  Bracton's  great  work  can 
never  be  "ruled  out  of  court"  by  any  "statute  of  limita 
tions."  To  the  student  of  law,  to  the  antiquary,  and  to 
all  who  feel  pleasure  in  tracing  the  progressive  improve 
ments  of  a  great  science,  its  value  will  ever  be  consider 
able. 

"  The  law-books  of  Bracton  and  Fleta  were  the  ancient  law  of 
the  land,  extending  to  all  cases.  These  books  are  so  strong,  that 
there  has  been  no  means  of  evading  them  but  by  denying  then- 
authority,  and  calling  them  books  of  civil  law,  and  I  never  knew 
them  denied  for  law  except  where  some  statute  or  ancient  usago 
has  altered  them." — LORD  ALAND. 

"  There  be  some  ancient  writers  of  the  law,  namely,  Bracton, 
Britton,  and  Glainville,  whom,  as  it  is  not  unprofitable  to  read,  so 
to  rely  upon  them  is  dangerous;  for  most  of  that  which  they  do 
give  forth  for  law  is  now  antiquated  and  abolished.  Their  books 
are  monumenta  adcrandce  rvhiginis,  which  be  of  more  reverence 
than  authority." — FULBECK. 

"  Bracton  and  Fortescue  are  the  two  most  learned  of  the  ancient 
Lawyers." — BISHOP  WARBURTON. 

"  The  best  of  judicial  classics."— SIR  WILLIAM  JONES. 

See  Reeves's  History  of  the  English  Law;  Prince's 
Worthies  of  Devon  ;  Brooke's  Bibl.  Legum,  vol.  ii. ;  Biog. 
Brit.;  Bale;  Pits;  Tanner;  Marvin's  Legal  Bibl. 

Bradberry,  David.  Letter  rel.  to  Test  Act,  &c.,  1789. 
Tetestai;  a  Poem,  1794. 

Bradbury,  John.  Travels  in  the  Interior  of  America 
in  1809,  '10,  '11 ;  including  a  Description  of  Upper  Loui 
siana,  Kentucky,  Indiana,  and  Tennessee,  Lon.,  1817,  8vo. 

Bradbury,  Thomas,  1677-1759,  a  Dissenting  minis 
ter,  stationed  in  London,  was  celebrated  for  his  facetious- 
ness.  He  pub.  a  number  of  theological  works,  1702-52. 
Works,  3  vols.  8vo,  1762;  again,  1772.  He  introduces 
politics  largely  into  his  discourses. 

"  His  style  is  copious  and  sprightly,  and  his  Sermons  discover 
very  extensive  acquaintance  with  the  Sacred  Writings." — WALTEB 
WILSON  :  History  of  the  Dissenters. 

"  His  sermons  ail  deserve  reading.  He  was  an  excellent  textu- 
ary ;  his  manner  of  handling  doctrinal  subjects  is  truly  strength- 


BRA 

ening  to  faith,  tending  to  comfort,  and  subservient  to  practice."— 
DR.  K.  WILLIAMS. 

Bradbury,  Wm.  B.,  b.  1816,  at  York,  Maine.  Dis 
tinguished  Musical  Writer.  Spent  two  years  in  Europe 
pursuing  his  musical  studies,  and  in  collecting  a  large  and 
rare  library  of  Musical  Works.  He  was  a  pupil  of  the 
celebrated  M.  Hauptman,  Prof,  of  Harmony,  <fcc.  at  Leip- 
sic.  Young  Choir,  N.  Y.,  1841.  School  Singer,  1843. 
Flora's  Festival,  1845.  Young  Melodist.  Musical  Gems. 
Sabbath  School  Melodies.  Young  Shawm,  1855,  Ac. 

"The  above  juvenile  singing-books  are  very  extensively  used." 

Psalinodist.  Choralist.  Mendelssohn  Collection.  Psal- 
mata,  or  Choir  Melodies.  The  Shawm,  1854,  N.  Y. 

"  These  collections  of  Sacred  Music  are  very  popular." 

Social  Singing-Book.  Alpine  Glee-Book.  Metropolitan 
Glee-Book.  Editor  of  N.  York  Musical  Review,  and  Con- 
trib.  to  various  journals. 

Bradby,  James.   Law  of  Distresses,  Lon.,  1808,  Svo. 

Braddick,  John.     Con.  to  Trans.  Hortic.  Soc.,  1817. 

Braddon,  Lawrence.  Essex's  Innocency  and  Ho 
nour  Vindicated,  Lon.,  1690,  4to.  Other  works,  1614-1725. 
The  Miseries  of  the  Poor  a  National  Sin  and  Shame,1717,8vo. 

Bradford,  A.  W.  American  Antiquities,  and  Re- 
gearches  into  the  Origin  and  History  of  the  Red  Race,  New 
York,  1843,  imp.  Svo. 

"  An  able  investigation  of  a  subject  which  has  excited  much  at 
tention.  This  able  work  is  a  very  desirable  companion  to  those  of 
Stephens  and  others  on  the  Ruins  of  Central  America." 

Bradford,  Alden,  LL.D.,  1765-1843,  a  native  of 
Duxbury,  Mass.,  pub.  several  works  on  History  and  Bio 
graphy,  the  best-known  of  which  is  A  History  of  Massa 
chusetts. 

Bradford,  Annie  Chambers,  b.  at  Georgetown,  Ky., 
1828.  1.  Nelly  Bracken ;  a  Story  of  South- Western  Life, 
Phila.,  1854,  12mo.  2.  Collection  of  Poems,  1855,  12mo. 

Bradford,  John,  one  of  the  most  eminent  martyrs  in 
the  reign  of  Queen  Mary,  was  burnt  at  Smithfield  in  1555. 
He  was  born  at  Manchester,  in  the  former  part  of  the  reign 
of  Henry  VIII.,entered  of  Catherine  Hall,  Cambridge,  1548, 
was  ordained  1550,  and  obtained  great  popularity  as  a 
preacher.  He  wrote  many  theological  treatises,  the  most 
of  which  were  pub.  after  his  murder.  An  edit.  pub.  by 
The  Parker  Society,  Camb.,  1848,  was  edited  by  Aubrey 
Townsend,  Esq.  His  Life,  Writings,  and  Selections  from 
his  Correspondence  will  be  found  in  vol.  vi.  of  the  Fathers 
of  the  English  Church ;  and  see  Memoirs  of  the  Life  and 
Martyrdom  of,  with  letters,  &c.,  by  William  Stevens,  Lon., 
1832,  Svo.  Writings  in  British  Reformers.  Religious 
Tract  Society,  12mo.  Twenty-two  of  his  letters  will  be 
found  in  Coverdale's  collection,  and  some  of  them  are  in 
Fox  and  other  Martyrologies. 

"  Bradford's  Letters  are  among  the  most  edifying  and  instruc 
tive  remains  of  this  period.  The  sweet  spirit  of  adoption  breathes 
throughout." — Bi  CKERSTETH. 

Bradford,  John.  Letter  to  the  Erles  of  Arundel, 
Darbie,  Shrewsbury,  and  Pembroke,  declai-ig  the  Nature 
of  Spaniardes,  <fec.,  1555,  16mo. 

Bradford,  John.  Letter  to  the  Inhabitants  of  Saf 
fron  Walden,  1813. 

Bradford,  John.     Sermon,  Lon.,  1746,  Svo. 

Bradford,  Samuel,  D.D.,  1652-1731,  entered  of 
Bene't  College,  Cambridge,  1672;  Prebendary  of  West 
minster,  1707;  Bishop  of  Carlisle,  1718  ;  translated  to  Ro 
chester,  1723.  The  Credibility  of  the  Christian  Religion, 
preached  at  Boyle's  Lecture,  Lon.,  1699,  1700,  4to;  1739, 
fol.  He  also  pub.  separately  23  sermons,  1692-1720.  He 
assisted  in  the  publication  of  Tillotson's  Works. 

Bradford,  Samuel  Dexter,  of  West  Roxbury,  Mass. 
His  writings,  collected  by  himself,  were  printed  for  private 
circulation.  The  opening  article  was  composed  in  1813 ;  the 
last  contribution  was  written  in  1855.  Bost.,  1858,  pp.  427, 

Bradford,  William,  1588-1657,  second  governor 
of  Plymouth  Colony,  wrote  a  history  of  the  Plymouth 
people  and  colony,  1602-47,  left  in  MS,  Bost.,  1856,  Svo. 

"  Morton's  memorial  is  an  abridgment  of  it.  Prince  and  Hutch- 
inson  had  the  use  of  it." 

A  fragment  from  his  MS.  book  of  copies  of  letters  rela 
tive  to  the  affairs  of  the  colony  has  been  pub.  by  the  Mas 
sachusetts  Historical  Society. 

"To  which  is  subjoined  a  description  and  historical  account  of 
New  England  in  Verse." 

He  also  pub.  some  theological  pieces. 

Bradford,  William.  Sketches  of  Portugal  and 
Spain,  Lon.,  1809,  fol. 

Bradford,  William.     Sermon,  Lon.,  1843,  Svo. 

Bradford,  William,  1755-1795,  Attorney-general  of 
the  United  States,  was  a  native  of  Philadelphia.  He 
pub.  An  Enquiry  how  far  the  Punishment  of  Death  is  ne 
cessary  in  Pennsylvania,  with-  an  Account  of  the  Peniten- 


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|  tiary  House  of  Philadelphia,  by  Caleb  Lownes,  1795,  Svo. 
This  work  was  written  at  the  request  of  Governor  Mifflin. 
1  Mr.  Bradford  was  in  early  life  a  poetical  contributor  to  the 
Philadelphia  magazines. 

Bradley.     Present  for  Caesar  against  Tithes,  Svo. 

Bradley,  C.     Educational  works,  1809-16. 

Bradley,  Charles,  Vicar  of  Glastonbury,  Perp. 
Curate  of  St.  James's,  Clapham.  Sermons  preached  in 
the  Parish  Church  of  High  Wycombe,  Lon.,  1819,  Svo. 
Parochial  Sermons,  Lon.,  1827,  Svo.  Sermons  preached 
in  St.  James's  Chapel,  Clapham,  Surrey;  2d  ed.,  Lon., 
1832,  Svo.  Sermons  preached  chiefly  at  the  Celebration 
of  the  Lord's  Supper ;  2d  ed.,  Lon.,  1843,  Svo.  Prac 
tical  Sermons  for  Every  Sunday  and  Principal  Holy  Day 
in  the  Year;  3d  edit.,  Lon.,  1848,  2  vols.  Svo.  Some  of 
the  vols.  have  gone  through  many  editions. 

"  Bradley's  style  is  sententious,  pithy,  and  colloquial.  He  is 
simple,  without  being  quaint,  and  he  almost  holds  conversation 
with  his  hearers  without  descending  from  the  dignity  of  the  sa 
cred  chair." — London  Eclectic  Review. 

"  We  earnestly  desire  that  every  pulpit  in  the  kingdom  may  be 
the  vehicle  of  discourses  as  judicious  and  practical,  as  scriptural 
and  devout,  as  these." — London  Christian  Observer. 

"  Very  able  and  evangelical." — BICKERSTETH. 

Bradley,  Christopher.     Sermon,  1666,  4to. 

Bradley,  F.,  M.D.     Profess,  works,  1815-18. 

Bradley,  Henry.  Remarks  on  the  Ancient  Physi 
cian's  Legacy,  Lon.,  1733,  Svo. 

Bradley,  James,  1692-1762,  an  eminent  astronomer 
and  divine,  a  native  of  Shireborn,  in  Gloucestershire,  was 
admitted  a  commoner  of  Baliol  College,  Oxford,  in  1710 ; 
ordained  deacon  and  priest  in  1719;  chosen  Savilian  Pro 
fessor  of  Astronomy  in  Oxford,  Oct.  31,  1721.  He  pub.  a 
Letter  to  the  Earl  of  Macclesfield  on  the  fixed  stars,  Lon., 
1747,  4to.  Some  of  his  astronomical  papers  were  pub.  in 
Phil.  Trans.,  1723,  '28,  '57.  He  left  13  folio  and  2  quarto 
yols.  of  observations  made  during  20  years  at  the  Royal 
Observatory;  from  these  were  pub.  by  the  University  of 
Oxford,  Astronomical  Observations,  <fcc.,  edited  by  the  Rev. 
N.  Bliss,  Oxf.,  1798-1805. 

"  It  is  said  there  was  not  an  astronomer  of  any  eminence  in  the 
world,  with  whom  he  had  not  a  literary  correspondence." 

Bradley,  John.     Sermons,  1706-13,  4to. 

Bradley,  John.  Astronomical  Con.  to  Trans.  Ame- 
ric.  Soc.  i.  108. 

Bradley,  O.  W.,  M.D.  A  Treatise  on  Forensic  Me 
dicine,  or  Medical  Jurisprudence,  1815. 

Bradley,  R.  Practical  Points,  or  Maxims  in  Con 
veyancing,  3d  edit.,  Lon.,  Svo,  by  J.  Riston. 

"  They  contain  some  useful  hints,  but  are  not  all  to  be  depended 
upon." 

Bradley,  Richard,  d.  1732,  Professor  of  Botany  at 
Cambridge,  1724,  was  a  voluminous  writer  upon  garden 
ing  and  agriculture,  1716-29,  his  works  forming  two  folio, 
four  quarto,  and  nearly  twenty  Svo  volumes. 

Historia  Plantarum  Succulentarum,  in  Latin  and  Eng 
lish,  1716-27,  4to,  with  plates. 

"  The  figures  are  exceedingly  well  done  in  the  style  of  the  time. 
It  preserves  its  value,  as  being  cited  by  Linnaeus,  and  as  containing 
some  plants  not  figured  in  any  other  publication." — DR.  PULTENEY. 

A  Philosophical  Account  of  the  Works  of  Nature,  1721,4to. 

"  This  was  a  popular,  instructive,  and  entertaining  work,  and 
continued  in  repute  several  years." — Nichols's  Literary  Anecdotes. 

The  same  may  be  said  of  his  General  Treatise  of  Hus 
bandry  and  Gardening,  2  vols.  Svo,  1726,  and  of  his  Prac 
tical  Discourses  concerning  the  four  Elements  as  they  re 
late  to  the  growth  of  Plants,  Svo,  1727.  Dictionarium 
Botanicum,  2  vols.  Svo,  1728.  Dr.  Pulteney  thinks  that 
this  was  the  first  attempt  of  the  kind  in  English.  For  a 
list  of  Bradley's  works,  with  comments  thereon,  see  Ni 
chols's  Literary  Anecdotes,  vol.  i.  446;  and  consult  Do 
naldson's  Agricult.  Biog. 

"  Though  Bradley's  writings  do  not  abound  in  new  discoveries, 
yet  they  are  not  destitute  of  interesting  knowledge,  collected  from 
contemporary  gardeners  and  from  books.  He  was  an  advocate 
for  the  circulation  of  the  sap,  and  made  several  new  observations 
on  the  sexes  of  plants,  in  consequence  of  the  production  of  hybrid 
species,  by  which  he  added  strength  to  that  doctrine." — Dr  Pair 
teney's  Hist,  and  Biog.  Sketches,  vol.  ii. 

Bradley,  S.     A  Sermon  on  Selfishness,  180S. 

Bradley,  Samuel.   Cause  of  the  Innocent,  1664,  4to. 

Bradley,  Stephen  R.,  of  Connecticut,  d.  1830,  aged 
76.  He  pub.  Vermont's  Appeal,  1779,  which  has  been 
sometimes  ascribed  to  Ira  Allen. 

Bradley,  Thomas.     Sermons,  1650-70,  4to. 

Bradley,  Thomas,  D.D.     Sermons,  1661-67,  4to. 

Bradley,  Thomas,  M.D.,  d.  1813,  aged  62.  A  New 
Medical  Dictionary,  Lon.,  1803, 12ino.  Con.  to  Med.  Phys. 
Jour.;  Memoirs  Med.,  &o.,  1795-1813. 

Bradley,  William  H.,  of  Rhode  Island,  d.  1825.  He 
pub.  Giuseppino,  1822,  and  many  fugitive  pieces  of  poetry. 


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Bradly,  John.    Elements  of  Geography,  1813. 

Bradney,  Joseph.  Art  of  the  Apothecary,  1796, 
8vo.  Bullion  and  Banks,  1810,  8vo.  Ancient  Layman, 
1812,  8vo. 

Bradshaigh,  Thomas.     Sermons,  1715,  '20,  '47. 

Bradshaw.     Treatise  on  Wools,  1754,  8vo. 

Bradshaw,  Henry,  an  early  English  poet,  d.  1513, 
entered  whilst  a  boy  into  the  Benedictine  monastery  of 
St.  Werberg,  in  Chester,  his  native  city.  He  studied  at 
Gloucester,  now  Worcester,  College,  in  the  suburbs  of  Ox 
ford,  and  after  a  course  of  theology 

"  He  returned  to  his  cell  at  St.  Werberg,  and  in  his  elder  years 
wrote  De  Antiquitate  &  Magniflcentia  Urbis  Cestriae ;  Chronicon, 
&c.,"— so  necessary,  even  to  the  most  devout,  is  regular  labour. 

He  trans,  from  the  Latin  The  Holy  Lyfe  and  History 
of  Saynt  Werburge,  very  frutefull  for  all  Christen  People 
to  rede.  Imprinted  by  Richard  Pynson,  1521,  4to  ,•  sup 
posed  to  have  been  trans,  ante  1500.  See  an  interesting 
account  of  this  volume  in  Dibdin's  Typog.  Antiq.  vol.  ii. 
491.  It  is  a  volume  of  great  rarity.  Sold  in  the  Wood- 
house  sale  for  £31  10s.;  priced  in  Bibl.  Anglo-Poet.  £63 ; 
resold  by  Saunders  in  1818  for  £42. 

Lyfe  of 'Saynt  Radegunde.  Impr.  by  Richard  Pynson,  4to. 

"  Although  the  name  of  the  author  or  translator  of  this  book 
does  not  directly  appear  upon  the  face  of  it,  yet  on  comparing  it 
with  the  life  of  St.  Werburge,  it  may  readily  be  perceived  that 
both  were  penned  by  the  same  person,  Henry  Bradshaw,  but 
hitherto  omitted  in  every  list  of  his  works." — Herbert's  Typog.  Antiq. 

Sold  at  the  Woodhouse  sale,  1803,  for  £17  17s. 

"Henry  Bradshaw  has  rather  larger  pretensions  to  poetical  fame 
than  William  of  Nassington,  although  scarcely  deserving  the  name 
of  an  original  writer  in  any  respect.  .  .  .  Bale,  a  violent  reformer, 
observes,  that  our  poet  was  a  person  remarkably  pious  for  the 
times  in  which  he  flourished.  This  is  an  indirect  satire  on  the 
monks,  and  on  the  period  which  preceded  the  Reformation.  I  be 
lieve  it  will  readily  be  granted,  that  our  author  had  more  piety 
than  poetry." —  Wartoris  Hist,  of  Eng.  Poetry. 

But  audi  alter  am  partem : 

"  It  is  presumed  from  the  specimen  of  Bradshaw's  poetry  above 
selected,  that  his  name  will  stand  among  the  foremost  in  the  list 
of  those  of  the  period  wherein  he  wrote.  His  descriptions  are 
oftentimes  happy,  as  well  as  minute;  and  there  is  a  tone  of  moral 
purity  and  rational  piety  in  his  thoughts,  enriched  by  the  legend 
ary  lore  of  romance,  that  renders  many  passages  of  his  poem 
[Saynt  Werburge]  exceedingly  interesting." — Dibdin's  Typ.  Antiq., 
vol.  ii.  491.  See  also  Wood's  Athen.  Oxon.,  by  Bliss,  i.  13-19,  and 
Savage's  Librarian,  ii.  75-79. 

Bradshaw,  James,  d.  1702,  aged  67,  a  Noncon 
formist  divine,  educated  at  Corpus  Christi  College,  Oxford. 
The  Sleepy  Spouse  of  Christ  alarmed,  Lon.,  1677,  8vo. 
The  Trial  and  Triumph  of  Faith. 

Bradshaw,  John.  Nature  and  Obligation  of  Oaths, 
Lon.,  1662,  4to.  Concerning  Tenderness  of  Conscience, 
Lon.,  4to. 

Bradshaw,  Hon.  Mary  Ann  Cavendish.  Me 
moirs  of  the  Countess  d'Alva,  2  vols.  8vo,  1808.  Ferdi 
nand  and  Ordella,  2  vols.  12mo,  1810. 

Bradshaw,  Sergeant.  Heroic  Epistle  to  John 
Dunning,  Esq.,  1780,  4to. 

Bradshaw,  Thomas.  The  Shepherd's  Starre,  Now 
of  late  scene,  and  at  this  hower  to  be  observed  merueilous 
orient  in  the  East:  which  bringeth  glad  tydings  to  all 
that  may  behold  her  brightness,  hauing  the  foure  elements 
with  the  foure  Capitall  vertues  in  her,  which  makes  her 
Elementall  and  a  vanquisher  of  all  earthly  humors.  De 
scribed  by  a  Gentleman  late  of  the  Right  worthie  and 
honorable  the  Lord  Burgh,  his  companie  and  retinue  in 
the  Briell  in  Northholland.  London,  printed  by  Robert 
Robinson,  1591,  4to,  pp.  60.  Priced  in  Bibl.  Anglo-Poet. 
£30  ;  resold  by  Saunders,  in  1818,  for  £10  10s. ! 

Bradshaw,  William,  1571-1618,  an  eminent  Puri 
tan  divine,  admitted  of  Emanuel  College,  Cambridge, 
1589;  minister  of  Chatham,  Kent,  1601;  subsequently 
lecturer  of  Christ  Church,  Newgate  Street,  London.  Eng 
lish  Puritanism,  1605. 

«  This  is  valuable,  as  showing  the  difference  between  the  princi 
ples  of  the  ancient  and  modern  Nonconformists.  Neal  has  given 
an  abstract  of  it,  and  Dr.  Ames  translated  it  into  Latin." 

Treatise  of  Justification,  Lon.,  1615,  8vo.  The  same  in 
Latin,  Leyd.,  1618, 12mo ;  Oxon.,  1658,  8vo.  Other  works. 

"  He  was  of  a  strong  brain  and  of  a  free  spirit,  not  suffering 
himself  for  small  differences  of  judgment  to  be  alienated  from  his 
friends,  to  whom,  notwithstanding  his  seeming  austerity,  he  was 
very  pleasing  in  conversation,  being  full  of  witty  and  harmless 
urbanity."— BISHOP  HALL. 

Bradshaw,  William,  D.D.,  Bishop  of  Bristol,  1724, 
d.  1732,  aged  60.  Two  Sermons,  1714,  '47,  8vo. 

Bradstreet,  Anne,  1613-1672,  daughter  of  Thomas 
Dudley,  Governor  of  Massachusetts,  was  a  native  of 
Northampton,  England.  At  the  age  of  16  she  married 
Simon  Bradstreet,  and  accompanied  him  to  America  in 
1630.  Her  husband  became  Governor  of  Massachusetts 
in  1680.  Among  the  descendants  of  Mrs.  Bradstreet  who 


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have  risen  to  distinction,  is  RICHARD  H.  DANA,(g.  v.,)  the 
well-known  American  author.  The  first  collection  of  Mrs. 
Bradstreet's  poems  was  pub.  in  1640,  under  the  title  of 
Several  Poems,  compiled  with  great  variety  of  Wit  and 
Learning,  full  of  delight ;  wherein  especially  is  contained 
a  compleat  Discourse  and  Description  of  the  Four  Ele 
ments,  Constitutions,  Ages  of  Man,  and  Seasons  of  the 
Year,  together  with  an  exact  Epitome  of  the  Three  First 
Monarchies,  viz.:  The  Assyrian,  Persian,  and  Grecian; 
and  the  beginning  of  the  Roman  Commonwealth  to  the 
end  of  their  last  King,  with  divers  other  Pleasant  and 
Serious  Poems :  by  a  Gentlewoman  of  New  England. 
This  vol.  was  reprinted  in  London  with  the  "  Tenth  Muse, 
lately  sprung  up  in  America,"  prefixed  to  the  title.  A 
second  American  edition,  from  the  press  of  John  Foster, 
Boston,  in  1678 : 

"Corrected  by  the  author,  and  enlarged  by  the  addition  of 
several  other  poems  found  among  her  papers  after  her  death." 

Mrs.  Bradstreet's  poems  bear  evidence  of  an  intimate 
acquaintance  with,  and  great  admiration  of,  "  Great  Bartas' 
sugared  lines."  Sylvester's  trans,  of  the  Divine  Weeks  of 
Du  Bartas  had  introduced  this  poet  to  a  large  circle  of 
English  admirers. 

Mrs.  Bradstreet  thus  expresses  her  admiration  of  the 
Soldier-Poet : 

"  But  when  my  wandering  eyes  and  envious  heart 
Great  Bartas'  sugared  lines  do  but  read  o'er, 

Fool !  I  do  grudge  the  muses  did  not  part 
'Twixt  him  and  me  their  over-fluent  store. 

A  Bartas  can  do  what  a  Bartas  will — 

But  simple  I,  according  to  my  skill." 

Nathaniel  Ward,  the  author  of  The  Simple  Cobbler  of 
Agawam,  would  have  us  to  understand  that,  whatever 
might  be  Mrs.  Bradstreet's  opinion  in  the  premises,  yet 
Apollo  was  not  by  any  means  satisfied  of  the  unquestion 
able  precedence  of  Du  Bartas : 

"  Mercury  showed  Apollo  Bartas'  book, 
Minerva  this,  and  wished  him  well  to  look 
And  tell  uprightly  which  did  which  excel, 
He  viewed  and  viewed  and  vowed  he  could  not  tell." 

See  Griswold's  Female  Poets  of  America. 

More  distinguished  authorities  than  Ward  vied  in  cele 
brating  Mrs.  Bradstreet's  poetical  effusions. 
Dr.  Cotton  Mather  considered  her  works  to  be 
"  A  monument  to  her  memory,  beyond  the  stateliest  marble." — 
Magnolia. 

"Your  only  hand  those  poesies  did  compose; 
Your  head  the  source  whence  all  these  springs  did  flow." 

JOHN  ROGERS  :  President  of  Harvard  College. 
"  Now  I  believe  Tradition,  which  doth  call 
The  Muses,  Virtues,  Graces,  females  all ; 
Only  they  are  not  nine,  eleven,  nor  three : — 
Our  authoress  proves  them  but  one  unity." 
BENJAMIN  WOOVKRIDGE,  first  graduate  of  Harvard  College. 
"  One  unity  :"  is  it  possible  ?     How  strange ! 
John  Norton  describes  this 

"  peerless  gentlewoman,  the  mirror  of  her  age  and  glory  of  her  sex : 
" '  Praise  her  who  list,  yet  he  shall  be  a  debtor, 

For  art  ne'er  feigned,  nor  nature  formed,  a  better.'  " 
"  These  praises  run  into  hyperbole,  and  prove,  perhaps,  that 
their  authors  were  more  gallant  than  critical ;  but  we  perceive 
from  Mrs.  Bradstreet's  poems  that  they  are  not  destitute  of  imagi 
nation,  and  that  she  was  thoroughly  instructed  in  the  best  learn 
ing  of  the  age."— R.  W.  GRISWOLD. 

In  the  height  of  enthusiasm,  good  John  Norton  goes  so 
far  as  to  declare,  that  if  Virgil  could  hear  her  works,  he 
would  condemn  his  own  to  the  flames.  As  the  Mantuan 
Bard  is  not  likely  to  be  gratified  by  hearing  Mrs.  Brad- 
street's  effusions,  it  is  idle  to  discuss  the  position  assumed 
by  Norton,  and  argue  whether  Virgil  would  or  would  not 
be  capable  of  such  an  act  of  philanthropic  abnegation,  or 
ebullition  of  disappointed  rivalry,  as  the  combustion  of 
his  verses  would  display  to  the  eyes  of  an  astonished  and 
mourning  world.  Miserable  as  Virgil's  effusions  may  be, 
when  compared  with  the  verses  of  Mrs.  Bradstreet,  jet 
somehow  we  have  become  accustomed  to  him,  and  could 
better  spare  a  better  poet, — even  the  famed  "  Tenth  Muse" 
herself. 

Bradstreet,  Anne.     Poems,  Lon.,  1858. 

Bradstreet,  Capt.  Dudley.  Life  and  Uncommon 
Adventures  of,  Dublin,  1755,  8vo.  Major  Dudley  Brad- 
street,  son  of  Governor  Simon  Bradstreet,  was  taken  pri 
soner,  with  his  wife,  by  the  Indians,  at  Andover,  in  1698. 

Bradstreet,  Robert.  The  Sabine  Farm ;  a  Poem, 
Lon.,  1810,  8vo. 

Bradstreet,  Simon,  d.  1741,  aged  72,  minister  at 
Charlestown,  Massachusetts,  wrote  a  Latin  epitaph  upon 
his  predecessor,  Rev.  Mr.  Morton,  which  has  been  pre 
served  by  the  Mass.  Hist,  Society.— Mass.  Hist.  Coll.  vir.  75. 

Bradstreet,  Simon,  d.  1771,  minister  at  Marble- 
head,  Massachusetts,  was  a  son  of  the  preceding.  He 


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pub.  a  sermon  on  the  death  of  his  brother  Samuel,  1755. 
—Mass.  Hist.  Coll.,  viii.  75,  76. 

Bradwardin,  Bradwardine,  or  Bredwardme, 
Thomas,  an  English  schoolman  of  the  14th  century, 
known  as  the  "Profound  Doctor,"  was  consecrated  Arch 
bishop  of  Canterbury  in  1349,  and  died  a  few  weeks  after 
wards.  He  was  of  Merton  College,  Oxford,  and  one  of  the 
Proctors  of  that  University  in  1325.  Astronomical  Tables 
in  MS.  in  the  possession  of  Sir  Henry  Savile.  Geome- 
trica  Speculativa,  cum  Arithmetica  speculativa,  Paris, 
1495-1504,  fol.  Arithmetica,  printed  separately  in  1502; 
other  editions  of  both,  1512-30.  De  Proportionibus,  Paris, 
1495;  Venice,  1505,  fol.  De  Quadratura  Circuli,  Paris, 
1495,  fol.  De  Causa  Dei  contra  Pelagium,  et  de  Virtute 
Causarum  libri  tres;  ex  editione  Henrici  Savilii,  Lon., 
1 618,  fol.  This  refutation  of  Pelagianism  is  Bradwardine's 
principal  work,  and  gained  him  great  renown. 

"  As  Bradwardine  was  a  very  excellent  mathematician,  he  en 
deavoured  to  treat  theological  subjects  with  a  mathematical  accu 
racy  •  was  the  first  divine,  as  far  as  I  know,  says  Sir  Henry  Savile, 
who  pursued  that  method.  The  book  against  Pelagianism  is  one 
regular  connected  series  of  reasoning  from  principle,  or  conclusions 
which  have  been  demonstrated  before." 

'•  Accused  by  the  Catholics  as  holding  out  the  same  doctrine 
which  has  since  been  termed  Protestantism."— DR.  ADAM  CLARKE. 

"  It  is  a  surprising  work  for  the  age  in  which  it  appeared." — 

BlCKERSTETH. 

The  story  upon  which  Parnell's  poem  of  the  Hermit  is 
founded  is  supposed  to  have  been  derived  from  an  apo 
logue  in  this  book.  Chaucer  refers  to  Bradwardine  as  a 
great  authority  in  the  Schools.  See  The  Nonnes  Priestes  Tale. 
Bradwell,  Stephen.  A  Watchman  for  the  Post, 
Lon.,  1625,  4to.  Helps  for  Suddain  Accidents,  Lon.,  1633, 
12mo.  Physick  for  the  Plague,  Lon.,  1636,  4to. 

Brady,  J.  H.  Churchwarden  and  Overseer's  Guide, 
Lon.,  12mo.  Law  of  Debtor  and  Creditor,  12mo.  Diction 
ary  of  Parochial  Law  and  Taxation,  12mo.  Executor's 
Account-Book,  4to.  Guide  to  Knole,  Kent,  1839,  8vo;  do., 
Lon.,  12ino.  Familiar  Law  Adviser,  ISmo.  Other  works. 

Brady,  John.  The  Clavis  Calendaria,  or  a  Com 
pendious  Analysis  of  the  Kalendar.  Illustrated  by  Ec 
clesiastical,  Historical,  and  Classical  Anecdotes,  Lon., 
1813,  2  vols.  8vo ;  abridged,  1814,  12mo. 

':  Especially  to  students  in  divinity  and  law,  it  will  be  an  in 
valuable  acqxiisition ;  and  we  hesitate  not  to  declare  that,  in  pro 
portion  as  its  merits  become  known  to  the  public,  it  will  find  its 
way  to  the  libraries  of  every  gentleman  and  scholar  in  the  king 
dom." — Lon.  Quart.  Review. 

"  Very  few  publications  have  so  fair  a  claim  to  merit." — Lon. 
Gent.  Mag. 

"Replete  with  learning  and  anecdote,  so  as  to  command  the 
most  lively  attention." — Anti-Jacobin  Review. 

Dissertations  on  the  Names  of  Persons,  12mo.  Varieties 
of  Literature,  8vo. 

Brady,  Nicholas,  1659-1726,  a  native  of  Bandon, 
Ireland,  educated  at  Westminster  and  Christ  Church,  Ox 
ford,  became  minister  of  Richmond,  Surrey,  and  Rector  of 
Clapham.  Theolog.  Treatises,  Sermons,  Ac.,  1695-1724. 
The  .ZEneids  of  Virgil,  trans,  into  English  verse,  Lon., 
1726,  4  vols.  Svo,  pub.  by  subscription.  He  is  best  known 
by  the  New  Version  of  the  Psalms  of  David,  executed  in 
conjunction  with  Nahum  Tate,  Lon.,  1695,  Svo ;  (the  first 
20,)  1698,  8vo;  1700,  1703. 

"  Tate  and  Brady  are  too  quaint,  and  where  the  Psalmist  rises 
to  sublimity  (which  is  very  often  the  case)  are  apt  to  sink  into 
bombast;  yet  Tate  and  Brady  have  many  good  passages,  especially 
in  those  psalms  that  contain  simple  enunciations  of  moral  truth." 
— DR.  BEATTIE. 

Brady,  Nicholas.     Sermon,  1738,  4to. 

Brady,  Robert,  M.D.,  d.  1700,  a  native  of  Norfolk, 
was  admitted  of  Caius  College,  Cambridge,  1643.  An 
Answer  to  Mr.  Petyt's  book  on  Parliaments,  Lon.,  1681, 
8vo.  An  Introduction  to  the  Old  English  History,  <fcc., 
Lon.,  1681,  4to  ;  2d  edit,  enlarged,  1684,  fol.  Dr.  B.  wrote 
two  other  treatises  on  historical  matters,  1690-91,  and  a 
letter  to  Dr.  Sydenham  on  the  Influence  of  the  Air  on 
Human  Bodies ;  pub.  in  Sydenham's  Works.  But  his 
best-known  work  is  A  Complete  History  of  England  from 
the  first  Entrance  of  the  Romans  to  the  Death  of  K. 
Richard  II.,  vol.  i.,  Lon.,  1685,  fol.;  ii.,  1700,  fol.;  with 
the  Introduction,  (see  above,)  1684,  3  vols.  fol.  Hume  is 
said  to  have  been  chiefly  indebted  to  Brady  for  the  facts 
and  principles  of  his  history.  Brady's  accuracy  has  been 
highly  commended. 

"  It  is  compiled  so  religiously  upon  the  very  text,  letters,  and 
syllable  of  the  authorities,  especially  those  upon  record,  that  the 
work  may  justly  pass  for  an  antiquarian  law-book." — LORD  KEEPER 
GUILFORD. 

"  It  is  a  work  which  will  every  year  necessarily  become  rarer 
and  rarer,  and  the  well-disposed  towards  an  acquisition  of  good 
old  English  History,  will  do  well  to  secure  a  copy  of  it."— Dibdirfs 
Library  Companion. 


BRA 

Brady,  Samuel.     Medical  Essays,  1722,  Ac. 

Brady,  Terence,  M.D.     Medical  Essays,  1755-60. 

Bragge,  Francis,  Vicar  of  Hitchin,  and  Prebendary 
of  Lincoln.  Discourse  on  the  Parables,  Lon.,  1694,  2  vols. 
8vo.  Observations  on  the  Miracles,  2  vols.  8vo,  1702-04. 
Thirteen  Sermons,  1713,  8vo.  Theol.  Works,  5  vols.  Svo. 

"I  would  likewise  recommend  Bragge  on  the  Parables  and 
Miracles  of  our  Saviour :  especially  if  one  would  learn  to  emanci 
pate  himself  from  the  slavery  of  using  notes." — DR.  WOTTON. 

Dr.  Wotton  also  recommends  the  study  of  Bragge's  Dis 
courses  "  to  prepare  the  mind,  and,  consequently  the  style, 
for  the  composition  of  Sermons." 

Bragge,  Francis.  A  Treatise  on  Witchcraft,  1712,8vo. 

Bragge,  J.     Duke  of  York  as  Commander,  1811,  8vo. 

Bragge,  Robert,1665-1737-38.  Sermons,1674-l739. 

Brahm,  W.  G.  de.    Atlantic  Pilot,  Lon.,  1772,  8vo. 

Braid,  James.  Neurypnology,  or  the  Rationale  of 
Nervous  Sleep,  considered  in  relation  with  Animal  Mag 
netism,  Lon.,  1843,  8vo. 

«  Unlimited  skepticism  is  equally  the  child  of  imbecility,  as  im 
plicit  credulity." — DUGALD  STEWART. 

Braidwood,  Messrs.  Vox  Oculis  subjecta,  1783, 8vo. 

Braidwood,  W.  Baptist,  of  Edinburgh.  Theolog. 
Works,  with  Memoir  of  his  Life  and  Writings,  by  William 
Jones,  1838,  8vo. 

"  He  possessed  a  masculine  understanding,  profound  acquaint 
ance  with  Scripture,  and  discriminating  judgment." 

Brailsford,  J.     Sermons,  1761-76,  8vo. 

Braim,  T.  H.  History  of  New  South  Wales  to  1844, 
2  vols.  p.  8vo. 

"  As  a  regular  systematic  account  of  this  colony,  developing  the 
present  state  and  future  prospects  of  the  fifth  quarter  of  the  globe, 
Mr.  Braim's  history  merits  and  will  obtain  a  permanent  place  in 
the  library." — Lon.  Literary  Gazette. 

Brainard,  John  G.  C.,  1796-1828,  an  American 
poet  of  considerable  note,  was  a  native  of  New  London, 
Connecticut.  He  graduated  at  Yale  College  in  1815,  and 
then  commenced  the  practice  of  the  law  at  Middletown, 
Conn.  A  volume  of  his  poems,  consisting  partly  of  his 
contributions  to  the  Connecticut  Mirror,  which  he  edited 
for  five  years,  was  pub.  in  1825,  and  very  favourably  re 
ceived.  This  volume  contained  but  little  more  than  half 
of  the  poetry  comprised  in  the  third  edition.  An  edit,  was 
pub.  in  1832,  which  contains  an  account  of  his  life  by  John 
G.  Whittier,  an  intimate  friend.  A  number  of  pieces  in 
this  volume  were  not  the  compositions  of  Brainard.  The 
last  edition  of  his  works,  pub.  in  1842,  (Hartford,  16mo,) 
gives  us  some  insight  into  his  career  as  a  Newspaper  Editor 
— that  Sisyphus  of  modern  days. 

"He  foiled  only  in  his  humorous  pieces;  in  all  the  rest  his 
language  is  appropriate  and  pure,  his  diction  free  and  harmonious, 
and  his  sentiments  natural  and  sincere.  His  serious  poems  are 
characterized  by  deep  feeling  and  delicate  fancy ;  and  if  we  had  no 
records  of  his  history,  they  would  show  that  he  was  a  man  of 
great  gentleness,  simplicity,  and  purity." — R.  W.  GRISWOLD. 

Brainerd,  David,  1718-1747,  an  eminent  missionary 
to  the  North  American  Indians,  was  a  native  of  Haddam, 
Connecticut.  An  Account  of  his  Life,  chiefly  from  his 
own  Diary,  by  Jonathan  Edwards ;  to  which  is  annexed 
I.  Mr.  Brainerd's  Journal  while  among  the  Indians.  II.  Mr. 
Pemberton's  Sermon  at  his  ordination.  With  an  Appendix 
relative  to  Indian  Affairs,  Edin.,  1765,  8vo.  A  new  edit, 
of  his  Memoirs  was  pub.  in  1822,  by  Sereno  Edwards 
Dwight,  including  his  Journal.  Mr.  Edwards  had  omitted 
the  already  printed  Journals,  which  had  been  pub.  in  two 
parts ;  the  first  from  June  19th  to  Nov.  4,  1745,  entitled 
Mirabilia  Dei  inter  Indicos ;  the  second  from  Nov.  24  to 
June  19,  1746,  under  the  title  Divine  Grace  Displayed,  &c. 
Mr.  Dwight  has  incorporated  those  journals  in  a  regular 
chronological  series  with  the  rest  of  the  Diary  as  above 
given  by  Edwards. 

His  friend,  President  Edwards,  declares  that  he 

"  Never  knew  his  equal  of  his  age  and  standing,  for  clear,  accu 
rate  notions  of  the  nature  and  essence  of  true  religion,  and  ita 
distinctions  from  its  various  false  appearances." 

Brainthwait,  William,  Master  of  Gonville  and 
Caius  College,  was  one  of  the  47  divines  commissioned  by 
James  I.  to  prepare  the  version  of  the  Holy  Scriptures 
which  bears  the  name  of  that  monarch.  The  Apocrypha 
was  confided  to  Drs.  Brainthwait,  Radclyfle,  Downes, 
Boyse,  and  Messrs.  Ward. 

Braithwait,  Gulielmus.  Siren  Coelestis,  Lon.,  1638. 

Braithwait,  Richard.     See  BRATHWAIT. 

Braithwaite,  Captain  John.  History  of  the  Re 
volutions  in  the  Empire  of  Morocco  in  1727-28,  Lon.,  1729, 
r.  8vo.  Trans,  into  Dutch,  German,  and  French. 

"  Besides  the  historical  details,  the  accuracy  of  which  is  un 
doubted,  as  Braithwaite  was  an  eye-witness  of  the  events  he  de 
scribes,  this  work  gives  us  some  valuable  information  on  the 
physical  a»d  moral  state  of  the  people." — STEVENSON. 

Braithwaite,  John.  Account  of  his  Travels,  La- 

237 


BRA 


BRA 


bours  in  the  Ministry,  and  Writings,  by  Robert  Dickin 
son,  Lon.,  1825,  12mo. 

"  A  valuable  addition  to  the  stores  of  modern  religious  bio 
graphy."—  Weskyan  Methodist  tfag. 

Braken,  Henry.  Medical  Essays,  Lon.,  1737/39,  8vo. 

Bralesford,  Humph.  Theolog.  Treatises,  1689, 
1724,  8vo. 

Bramah,  Joseph,  1749-1815,  a  skilful  engineer,  best 
known  by  the  lock  which  bears  his  name.  Dissertation 
on  the  Construction  of  Locks,  Lon.,  1787,  8vo.  Letter 
rel.  to  Watt's  Patent,  1797,  Svo.  Con.  to  Nic.  Jour.  :  A 
New  Press,  1797.  A  Jib,  1804. 

Bramble,  Robert.  The  Royal  Brides,  or  Sketches 
of  Exalted  Characters,  1816,  3  vols.  12mo. 

Brain  hall,  John,  D.D.,  1593-1663,  a  native  of  Ponte- 
fract,  Yorkshire,  entered  Sydney  College,  Cambridge,1608. 
He  was  made  Prebendary  of  York,  then  of  Ripon,  went  to 
Ireland  in  1633,  and  became  Archdeacon  of  Meath  ;  in 
1634  he  was  promoted  to  the  bishopric  of  Londonderry, 
and  in  1661  was  translated  to  the  primacy  of  Armagh.  A 
Sermon  preached  before  the  Earle  of  Newcastle,  York, 
1643,  4to.  (Not  included  in  his  works.)  A  Fair  Warning 
against  the  deception  of  the  Scotch  Discipline,  1649,  4to. 
A  Vindication  of  the  Church  of  England  against  Criminal 
Schism,  Lon.,  1654,  8vo.  An  Answer  to  De  la  Militiere's 
Victory  of  Truth,  Hague,  1654,  8vo.  A  Defence  of  True 
Liberty,  in  answer  to  Hobbes's  Treatise  of  Liberty  and 
Necessity,  Lon.,  1655,  8vo.  A  Repub.  of  the  Bp.  of 
Chalcedon's  Survey,  Lon.,  1666,  8vo.  Castigation  of  Mr. 
Hobbes's  last  Animadversions,  in  the  case  concerning 
Liberty  and  universal  Necessity,  with  an  Appendix  con 
cerning  the  catching  of  the  Leviathan,  Lon.,  1658,  8vo. 
The  Consecration  and  Succession  of  Protestant  Bishops 
vindicated,  Graven.,  1650,  8vo.  Schism  guarded  against, 
and  beaten  back  upon  the  right  owners,  1658,  8vo.  Vin 
dication  of  the  Episcopal  Clergy,  1672,  4to.  Life  and 
Works,  Dublin,  1677,  fol.  ;  repub.  in  Library  of  Anglo- 
Cath.  Theology,  5  vols.  8vo,  Oxf.,  1842-45.  Archbishop 
Bramhall  was  a  man  of  great  energy  of  character,  and 
highly  esteemed  by  his  contemporaries.  During  the  Civil 
War  he  resided  chiefly  abroad.  An  answer  to  Milton's 
Defensio  Populi  was  attributed  to  him,  but  Mr.  Todd  dis 
proves  the  charge  in  his  Life  of  Milton. 

"  Perhaps  the  most  valuable  part  of  his  works  is  that  in  which 
he  contended  with  Hobbes.  He  argued  with  great  acuteness 
against  Hobbes's  notions  on  liberty  and  necessity,  in  the  Catching 
of  the  Leviathan,  in  which  he  undertakes  to  demonstrate,  out  of 
Hobbes's  own  works,  that  no  sincere  Hobbist  can  be  a  good  Chris 
tian,  or  a  good  Commonwealth's  man,  or  reconcile  himself  to 
himself." 

Bramston.     Sermon  on  Rom.  x.  2,  8vo. 

Bramston,  James,  d.  1744,  Vicar  of  Starting,  in 
Sussex.  The  Art  of  Politics,-  in  imitation  of  Horace's 
Art  of  Poetry.  The  Man  of  Taste  ;  occasioned  by  Pope's 
Epistle  on  that  subject:  both  pub.  in  Dodsley's  Collection, 
vol.  i.  The  Crooked  Sixpence;  in  imitation  of  Philips's 
Splendid  Shilling;  pub.  in  The  Repository,  vol.  i. 

"  Dr.  Warton  objects  to  his  Man  of  Taste,  that  he  has  made  his 
hero  laugh  at  himself  and  his  own  follies.  The  satire,  however,  in 
other  respects,  is  truly  legitimate." 

Bramston,  John.     Theolog.  treatises,  1688,  1724. 

Bramston,  William.     Sermons,  1695-1714. 

Bramwell,  George.  Analytical  Table  of  the  Private 
Acts  1  Oreo.  II.  to  52  Geo.  III.,  Lon.,  1813,  r.  8vo. 

Branch,  John.  Ready  Reckoner,  1804,  8vo.  The 
British  Museum,  or  elegant  Repository  of  Natural  History, 
1803,  '04,  4  vols.  12mo;  in  conjunction  with  W.  Holloway. 

Branch,  or  Branche,  Thomas.  Principia  Legis 
et  ^Equitatis  ;  being  an  Alphabetical  Collection  of  above 
20,000  maxims,  principles,  or  rules,  definitions,  and  re 
markable  sayings,  in  Law  and  Equity,  by  T.  B.,  1753, 
12mo;  2d  edit,  enlarged,  1810,  12mo;  5th  edit,  with  addi 
tions,  and  the  Latin  maxims  and  notes  translated,  by  J. 
Richardson,  Lon.,  1824,  12mo.  American  edit.,  from  the 
4th  English  edit.,  by  W.  W.  Hening,  with  additions,  Rich 
mond,  1824,  8vo.  Mr.  Warren  points  out  errors  in  Rich 
ardson  s  edit. 

»  As  a  manual,  this  little  book  contains  more  law,  and  more  use- 

"" 


and  since  that  time  that  it  may  be  regarded  as  the  accumulated 
spirit  and  wisdom  of  the  great  body  of  the  English  Law." 

See  Preston  on  Abstracts,  214;  2  Kent,  554;  Warren's 
Law  Studies,  802. 

Brancker,  or  Branker,  Thomas,  1636-1676.  Doc 
trine  of  the  Sphere,  in  Latin,  Oxf.,  1662.  Introduc.  to 
Algebra  ;  trans,  from  the  High-Dutch,  Lon.,  1668.  A  Trans. 
from  Rhonius. 


Brand,  Adam.  Journal  of  the  Embassy  from  Mus 
covy  to  China  over  Land;  trans,  from  the  High-Dutch, 
Lon.,  1698,  8vo. 

Brand,  Sir  Alexander.  A  Specimen  of  Bishop 
Burnet's  Candour  and  Integrity,  Lon.,  1715,  8vo. 

Brand,  Charles.  Treat,  on  Assurances,  <fcc.,  1775,  8vo. 

Brand,  Miss  Hanna.  Plays  and  Poems,  Lon., 
1798,  8vo. 

Brand,  John.  Description  of  Orkney,  Zetland,  Pight- 
land,  Firth,  and  Caithness,Edin.,1701,12mo  ;  and  1703,8vo. 

"A  curious  and  interesting  account."  —  LOWNDES. 

Brand  was  commissioned  to  visit  Orkney,  <fcc.  by  the 
General  Assembly. 

Brand,  John,  1743-1806,  Secretary  to  the  Society  of 
Antiquaries;  educated  at  Lincoln  College,  Oxford;  Curate 
of  Cramlinton  Chapel,  Newcastle,  1774;  Rector  of  St.  Mary- 
at-Hill,  London,  1784.  On  Illicit  Love  ;  written  among  the 
ruins  of  Godstow  Nunnery,  1775,  4to.  Observations  on 
Popular  Antiquities,  including  the  whole  of  Mr.  Bourne's 
Antiquitates  Vulgares,  with  Addenda  to  each  Chapter  of 
that  work,  as  also  Appendix  containing  such  Notices  on 
the  Subject  as  have  been  omitted  by  the  Author,  Newc., 
1777,  8vo.  A  new  edit,  greatly  enlarged,  by  Sir  Henry 
Ellis,  [Principal  Librarian  of  the  British  Museum,]  2  vols. 
4to,  1813  ;  with  further  additions,  1843,  3  vols.  12mo  ;  repub. 
in  Mr.  H.  G.  Bohn's  Antiquarian  Library  in  1849  —  one  of 
his  many  invaluable  series  of  good  books. 

"Whatever  of  importance  has  occurred  to  the  Editor  in  augmen 
tation  of  the  work  since  the  publication  of  the  last  edition,  has  been 
added  to  the  preface,  and  another  copious  Index  supplied."  —  Pref. 

Of  this  excellent  work  it  has  been  said  that 

"  Any  one  who  will  read  on  each  respective  day,  the  chapter  which 
belongs  to  it,  will,  when  he  has  got  through  the  volume,  have  a  bet 
ter  notion  of  what  English  History  is,  than  he  will  get  from  almost 
any  other  work  professedly  named  a  '  History.'  "  See  an  article  in 
Lon.  Quar.  Review,  xi.  259. 

History  and  Antiquities  of  the  Town  and  County  of 
Newcastle-upon-Tyne,  Lon.,  1789,  4to,  2  vols.  Con.  to 
Archaeol.  viii.,  1788,  and  to  Trans.  Linn.  Soc.,  1797. 

Brand  was  a  noted  collector  of  curious  books,  and  pos 
sessed  a  noble  library,  which  was  sold  in  1807;  see  Dib- 
din's  Bibliomania,  452-4.  The  BIBLIOMANIAC  should  secure 
a  copy  of  this  catalogue,  with  the  prices  marked. 

Brand,  John,  d.  1808,  an  English  divine,  educated  at 
Caius  College,  Cambridge,  pub.  two  Sermons,  1794,  and 
1800,  and  several  political  treatises,  &c.,  1772-1807.  His 
essay  entitled  Conscience,  pub.  1772,  4to,  was  written  for 
the  Seatonian  Prize,  but  was  unsuccessful. 

Brand,  Robert.  Reducing  Ruptures,  Lon.,  1771,  Svo. 

Brand,  T.  J.  Select  Diss.  from  Amagmitates  Aca- 
demicae;  a  sup.  to  Stillingfleet's  Tracts,  &c.,  1781-82,  2 
vols.  Svo. 

Brand,  Thomas,  Surgeon.     Profess,  works,  1778-88. 

Brand,  Thomas.  A  Letter  to  W.  Wiltshire,  Lon., 
1814,  Svo,  on  the  Corn  Laws. 

Brande,  A.  E.     Medical  Treatises,  Lon.,  1791-1800. 

Brande,  William.     Chem.  treatises,  1806-09. 

Brande,  William  Thomas,  b.  1780,  an  eminent 
Chemist  and  Lecturer,  Professor  of  Chemistry  in  the  Royal 
Institution,  long  the  assistant  of  Sir  Humphry  Davy.  Cat. 
of  Geological  Specimens,  Svo.  Diet,  of  Materia  Medica 
and  Pharmacy,  1829,  Svo.  Outlines  of  Geology,  1839,  p.  Svo. 
Table  of  Chemical  Equivalents,  Ac.,  1843,  Svo.  Tables  of 
Specific  Gravities  and  Equivalents,  1828,  Svo.  Manual  of 
Chemistry,  2  vols.,  6th  ed.  1848,  8vo.  A  Manual  of  Phaj- 
macy,  Svo. 

"  Mr.  Brande's  extensive  experience  as  a  pharmaceutist  is  very 
ably  embodied  in  this  work.  It  should  be  in  the  possession  of 
every  practitioner  and  pharmacopolist."  —  Lon.  Medical  depository. 

A  Dictionary  of  Science,  Literature,  and  Art,  assisted  by 
Joseph  Cauvin,  and  other  gentlemen  of  eminence  in  their 
respective  departments  ;  1842,  8vo,  2d  ed.,  1852,  pp.  1423. 

"  An  admirable  work,  supplying  what  all  scientific  and  literary 
men  must  have  long  felt  to  be  a  desideratum  in  our  literature. 
He  who  has  no  encyclopaedia  will  find  it  an  excellent  substitute 
for  one  ;  and  he  who  has  will  find  it  a  valuable  supplement."  — 
Lon.  Eclectic  Review. 

"  Nearly  all  branches  of  science  and  art  and  human  inquiry  ar« 
embraced  in  these  compact  and  laborious  pages."  —  Lon.  Monthly 
Chronicle. 

Lectures  on  Organic  Chemistry,  ed.  by  Dr.  Scoflern,  1854, 
12mo. 

Brander,  Gustavus,  1720-1787,  a  merchant  and  an 
tiquary,  con.  some  articles  to  Phil.  Trans.,  1754.  See 
Archaeol.,  iv.,  1776.  He  presented  to  the  Brit.  Museum  his 
valuable  collection  of  fossils,  an  account  of  which  waa 
pub.  at  his  expense,  with  Latin  descriptions  by  Dr.  Solan- 
der:  Fossilia  Hantoniensia,  <fcc.,  1776,  4to. 

Brandish,  Joseph.  Use  of  Caustic  Alkali,  Lon.,  1811. 

Brandling,  H.  C.  Views  in  the  North  of  France, 
Lon.,  1848,  fol.,  £5  3».,  coloured,  £5  5». 


BRA 


BRA 


Brandon,  Isaac.  Fragments  after  Sterne,  1808, 12mo. 
Kais;  Opera,  1808,  8vo. 

Brandon,  John.  Everlasting  Fire  no  Fancy,  Lon,, 
1678,  4to.  A  Practical  Discourse,  1690. 

Brandon,  Raphael  and  Arthur,  architects.  Analy 
sis  of  Gothic  Architecture,  1848,  2  vols.  imp.  4to.  Open 
Timber  Roofs  of  the  Middle  Ages,  1849,  r.  4to. 

"  Almost  every  branch  of  Ecclesiastical  Architecture  has  been 
ably  investigated,  with,  perhaps,  the  single,  but  important,  excep 
tion  of  the  roofing  of  our  churches.  ...  It  is  with  a  view  of  sup 
plying  this  Information  that  this  work  has  been  undertaken." 

Parish  Churches,  being  Perspective  Views  of  English 
Ecclesiastical  Structures,  new  ed.,  1849,  r.  8vo. 

"  From  the  judicious  selection  which  has  been  made,  it  bids  fair 
to  be  a  very  useful  publication  to  the  Architect  and  Parish  Priest." 
— Englisli  Review. 

Brandon,  Richard,  the  wretch  who  beheaded  Charles 
I.  His  Confession,  1649.  His  Last  Will  and  Testament, 
1649,  4to.  Both  these  tracts  are  in  the  British  Museum. 

Brandon,  Samuel.  Tragi-comoedi  of  the  vertuous 
Octavia,  Lon.,  1598,  12mo. 

"Notwithstanding  the  high  opinion  he,  and  perhaps  some  of  his 
partial  friends,  might  entertain  of  it,  it  is  now  entirely  forgotten." 
—Biog.  Dramat. 
Unkind  critic ! 

Brandreth,  Joseph,  M.D.  Med.  treatises,  Edin., 
1779-1791. 

Bransby, James  H.  Theolog.  treatises,  &c.,  1806-14. 
Bransley,John.  The  Use  of  the  Glt>bes,Lon.,1791,8vo. 
Brant,  J.     Dis.  at  Bampton  Lecture,  1812,  8vo. 
Brant,  Joseph,   d.  1807,  aged  65,  a  celebrated  Mo 
hawk  chief,  contemplated  writing  a  history  of  the  Six  Na 
tions  of  which  he  was  the  head.     He  pub.  The  Book  of 
Common  Prayer,  and  The  Gospel  according  to  St.  Mark, 
in  the  Mohawk  and  English  languages,  Lon.,  1787,  8vo. 
The  Gospel  according  to  St.  John  in  Mohawk,  ascribed  to 
him  in  the  Cambridge   Catalogue,  was  the  work  of  the 
chief,  John  Norton ;  it  is  sine  anno,  but  was  printed  at 
London  in  1807,  or  1808,  by  the  Brit,  and  For.  Bible  So 
ciety,  in  an  edit,  of  2000  copies.     See  Allen's  Amer.  Bio°-. 
Diet;  Mass.  Hist.  Coll.  x.  154. 
Branwhite,  1745-1794,  wrote  some  poems. 
Brasbridge,  Joseph.    Fruits  of  Experience,  Lon., 
1824,  Svo. 

"  Here  is  a  gentleman  lives  to  the  ripe  age  of  eighty,  and  yet 
must  twaddle  '  in  boards'  before  he  dies.  Example,  villanous  ex 
ample!" — Blacl  wood's  Mag. 

Brasbridge,  Thomas,  M.D.,  b.  1537,  educated  at 
Magdalen  College,  Oxf.  Poore  Man's  Jewell,  that  is  to 
say,  a  Treatise  of  the  Pestilence,  <fec.,  Lon.,  1578,  Svo. 
Quaestiones  in  Officia  M.  Ciceronis,  Oxon.,  1615,  Svo.  In 
terpretation  of  Abdias  the  Prophet,  1574,  Svo. 

Brasier,  Richard.  Last  Will  and  Confession  of  the 
Christian  Faith,  made  in  the  4  Yeare  of  the  Raigne  of 
King  Edward  the  6,  Lon. ;  by  John  Day,  Svo. 

Brasse,  John,  d.  1833,  educated  at  Trinity  College, 
Cambridge.     Greek  Gradus,  Lon.,  1827,  Svo.     He  edited 
four  plays  of  Sophocles,  with  English  notes. 
Brasse,  Samuel.     Ship  of  Arms,  Lon.,  1653,  12mo. 
Braithwait,     Braithwaite,     Bratlnvaite,    or 
Braithwayte,  Richard,  1588-1673,  a  native  of  War- 
cop,  Westmoreland,  was  entered  of  Oriel  College,  Oxford, 
at  the  age  of  16. 

"  He  avoided  as  much  as  he  could  the  rough  paths  of  logic  and 
philosophy,  and  traced  those  smooth  ones  of  poetry  and  Roman 
history,  in  which  at  length  he  did  excel."— Athen.  Oxon. 
He  subsequently  removed  to  Cambridge, 
"  Where  he  spent  some  time  for  the  sake  of  dead  and  living  au 
thors." 

He  settled  down  into  an  office  in  the  militia,  and  a  sub 
stantial  county  magistrate.  An  excellent  example  to  poets, 
who  are  not  always  of  the  most  sedate  kind.  The  Golden 
Fleece,  Lon.,  1611,  Svo.  Poet's  Willow  :  or  the  Passion 
ate  Shepheard,  1614,  Svo.  The  Prodigal's  Teares,  1614,  Svo. 
"  An  excellent  tract,  written  in  good  style,  and  abounding  with 
sound  morality." 

Sch  oiler's  Medley,  1614,  4to.  Survey  of  History,  1638, 
4to.  Strappado  for  the  Diuell,  1615,  12mo.  Solemne 
Joviall  Disputation,  1617,  and  The  Smoaking  Age,  1617, 
Svo.  Mr.  Bindley  considered  this  one  of  the  scarcest  books 
in  England.  The  plates  by  Marshall  are  his  earliest  pro 
ductions.  The  Good  Wife  :  or  a  rare  one  amongst  Women, 
1618,  Svo;  1619,  Svo. 

"  Taking  this  volume  altogether,  I  think  it  one  of  the  most 
curious  as  well  as  one  of  the  scarcest  books  of  the  period  to  which 
it  belongs."— Dr.  Bliss's  Wood's  Athen.  Oxon. 

A  New  Spring  shadowed  in  sundry  Pithie  Poems,  1619, 
4to.  Essaies  upon  the  Five  Senses,  1620, 12mo;  2d  edit., 
1635,  12mo.  Shepheard's  Tales,  1621,  Svo.  Nature's 
Embassie,  1621,  Svo.  Times  Cvrtaine  Drawne,  or  the 
Anatomie  of  Vanitie,  1621,  Svo.  English  Gentleman,  I 


1630,  4to;  2d  edit.,  1633,  4toj  3d  edit.,  1641,  fol.  English 
Gentlewomen,  1631,  4to.  Whimzies,  1631,  12mo.  Mer- 
curius  Britannicus,  2d  edit.,  1641,  4to.  A  Political  Piece 
on  the  Ship  Money  Question.  Barnabee's  Journall,  (and 
Bessie  Bell,  both  in  Latin  and  English  verse)  by  Corym- 
baeus.  [Lon.,  1648-50.]  Drunken  Barnaby's  four  Journeys 
to  the  North  of  England,  in  Latin  and  English  verse, 
2d  edit.,  Lon.,  1716,  8vo.  Barnabae  Itinerarium,  or  Barna 
bee's  Journal,  with  a  Life  of  the  Author,  Ac.,  by  Joseph 
Haslewood,  Lon.,  1820,  12mo,  2  vols.,  125  copies  printed. 
Mr.  Haslewood  had  a  good  claim  to  the  editorial  honour 
of  this  work,  as  he  traced  it  to  its  author. 

"  Haslewood  hit  the  right  nail  upon  the  head  when  he  found 
out  the  real  author  of  Barnaby,  in  Richard  Brathwait ;  from  the 
unvarying  designation  of  'On  the  Errata,'  at  the  end  of  Brath- 
wait's  pieces,  which  is  observable  in  that  of  his  Drunken  Barna 
by's  Tour.  .  .  .  The  late  Mr.  Heber  used  to  shout  aloud,  '  Stick  to 
that,  Haslewood,  and  your  fame  is  fixed.'  .  .  .  His  edition  of  Bar 
naby's  Tour  exhibited  the  rare  spectacle  of  an  accurate  Latin  (as 
well  as  English)  text,  by  an  individual  who  did  not  know  the  da 
tive  singular  from  the  dative  plural  of  hie,  heec,  hoc  l"—Dibdin'$ 
Bibliomania. 

For  other  pieces  of  Braithwait's,  see  Lowndes's  Bibliog. 
Manual;  consult  Athen.  Oxon.;  Censura  Literaria;  Biog. 
Dramat. ;  Warton's  Hist.  Eng.  Poetry ;  Ellis's  Specimens. 

"  Brathwait's  merits  are  undoubtedly  very  considerable.  Some 
of  his  pieces  are  capable  of  affording  instruction  and  delight.  He 
was  a  most  extraordinary  man  in  poetry  and  in  prose." — DIBDIN. 

Anthony  Wood  does  not  give  so  favourable  an  opinion : 

"He  wrote  and  published  several  works  in  English,  consisiirg 
of  prose  and  poetry,  highly  commended  in  the  age  wherein  pulv 
lished,  but  since  slighted  and  despised  as  frivolous  matters,  and 
only  to  be  taken  into  the  hands  of  novices." — Athen.  Oxon. 

Dr.  Bliss  makes  a  large  addition  to  Anthony's  list  of 
Braithwait's  pieces. 

Brathwaite, Thomas.  Delivery  of  Rabbits,  172  6,  Svo. 

Brattle,  Thomas,  1657-1713,  a  merchant  of  Boston, 
Massachusetts.  Eclipses  of  the  Sun  and  Moon,  observed 
in  New  England,  Phil.  Trans.,  1704.  Lunar  Eclipse,  New 
England,  in  1707.  He  wrote  a  letter  giving  an  account 
of  the  Witchcraft  Delusion  in  1692,  which  is  preserved  in 
the  Mass.  Hist.  Collection. 

Brattle,  William,  d.  1717,  aged  54,  a  native  of  Bos 
ton,  Mass.,  brother  of  the  preceding,  Minister  of  Cam 
bridge,  Mass.,  pub.  a  System  of  Logic, — Compendium  Lo- 
gicae,  &c.  It  was  used  at  Harvard  College.  An  edit,  was 
pub.  in  1758. 

Brawern,  Henry.  Voyage  to  the  Kingdom  of  Chili 
in  America.  See  Churchill's  Voy.,  503,  1704. 

Bray,  Mrs.  Anna  Eliza,  daughter  of  John  Kempe, 
Esq.,  a  native  of  Devonshire,  has  gained  great  reputation  by 
a  number  of  popular  works.  Traditions,  Legends,  Super 
stitions,  and  Sketches  of  Devonshire,  on  the  Borders  of  the 
Tamar  and  the  Tavy;  in  a  Series  of  Letters  from  Mrs. 
Bray  to  Robert  Southey,  Esq.,  1838,  3  vols.  p.  Svo. 

"  The  plan  of  this  work  was  suggested  by  Mr.  Southey,  and  the 
writer  has  laboured  with  no  small  diligence.  These  volumes  con 
tain  much  that  is  curious  in  antiquarianism,  pleasant  in  descrip 
tion,  fascinating  in  tradition,  and  kind-hearted  in  anecdotes  of 
every-day  characters.  We  are  indebted  to  Mrs.  Bray  for  many 
pleasant  hours  from  her  clever  works." — Lon.  Athenceum. 

Fitz  of  Fitz-Ford;  a  Legend  of  Devon,   3  vols.  p.  Svo. 

"  These  volumes  are  indeed  an  addition  to  the  high  literary  cha 
racter  of  the  fair  and  popular  writer." — Lon.  Literary  Gazette. 

The  Talba;  or,  Moor  of  Portugal,  3  vols.  p.  Svo.  Trials 
of  the  Heart,  3  vols.  p.  Svo.  Life  of  Thomas  Stothard, 
R.A.,  with  Personal  Reminiscences.  Illustrated  by  en 
gravings  from  his  chief  works,  printed  in  a  novel  style  of 
art,  1S545,  4to.  For  the  production  of  this  work,  Mrs.  B., 
as  the  daughter-in-law  of  Stothard,  possessed  peculiar 
advantages. 

"  A  more  beautiful  volume  than  this,  is  not  often  issued.  The 
'numerous  illustrations'  have  been  chosen  with  a  sedulous  respect 
for  the  reputation  of  the  graceful  artist  whose  life  was  in  his 
works ;  and  they  have  been  rendered  with  most  delicate  care,  there 
being  something  in  the  nature  of  Stothard's  genius  which  lent 
itself,  with  more  than  ordinary  adaptability,  to  this  form  of  pre 
sentment." — Lon.  Athenceum. 

Courtenay  of  Walreddon,  3  vols.  p.  Svo.  De  Foix,  3  vols. 
p.  Svo.  Henry  de  Pomeroy,  3  vols.  p.  Svo.  Letters  during 
a  Tour  through  Normandy,  1818,  4to.  Mountains  and 
Lakes  of  Switzerland,  3  vols.  p:  Svo.  The  Protestant, 
3  vols.  p.  Svo.  Trelawney  of  Trelawne,  3  vols.  p.  Svo. 
Trials  of  Domestic  Life,  3  vols.  p.  Svo.  Warleigh,  or  the 
Fatal  Oath,  3  vols.  p.  Svo.  White  Hoods,  3  vols.  p.  Svo. 
Collective  Edition,  1845,  '46,  10  vols. 

"  To  describe  in  detail  Mrs.  Bray's  works,  or  criticise  minutely 
their  merits,  would  be  superfluous.  So  many  literary  notices  have 
appeared  in  testimony  of  their  value,  and  these  the  public  have  so 
fully  corroborated  by  their  patronage,  that  little  remains  but  to 
concur  with  previous  praises  of  this  favourite  authoress's  talents, 
acquirements,  and  genius."— ion.  Times.  See  also  Lon.  Gent.  Mag. 

Bray,'  Chas.     Education  of  the  Feelings;    2d  ed., 


BRA 

Lon.,  1849,  p.  8vo.  The  Philosophy  of  Necessity ;  or,  The 
Law  of  Consequences  as  Applicable  to  Mental,  Moral,  and 
Social  Science,  1841,  2  vols.  8vo. 

"  The  topics  in  the  volume  before  us  [the  second]  have  a  current 
interest,  and  are  handled  with  grace  in  the  view  and  eloquence  in 
the  composition." — Lon.  Spectator. 

Outlines  of  Social  Systems  and  Communities,  1844, 12mo. 

Bray,  E.  A.    Poems,  Lon.,  1799,  12mo.    Idyles,  1800, 

12mo.     Funeral  Ode  on  Lord  Nelson,  1806,  4to.     Sermons, 

selected,  Lon.,  1818,  8vo.     Discourses  selected  from  tracts 

and  treatises,  1821,  8vo. 

Bray,Roger.  SelectioraApophthegmata,&c.,1631,8vo. 
Bray,  Thomas,  D.D.,  1656-1730,  a  native  of  Martin, 
Shropshire;  educated  at  Hart  Hall,  Oxford;  Rector  of 
Sheldon,  1690.  In  1699  he  was  sent  by  the  Bishop  of  Lon 
don  to  America  as  Ecclesiastical  Commissary  for  Maryland 
and  Virginia.  He  crossed  the  Atlantic  several  times,  and 
was  eminently  useful  in  his  labours.  In  1706  he  accepted 
the  living  of  St.  Botolph,  Aldgate.  We  notice  some  of  his 
publications:  Bibliotheca  Parochialis;  or,  A  Scheme  of 
such  Theological  and  other  Heads  as  seem  requisite  to  be 
Used  or  occasionally  consulted  by  the  Reverend  Clergy, 
together  with  a  Catalogue  of  Books  which  may  be  profit 
ably  read  on  each  of  those  points,  &c.,  Lon.,  1707,  8vo. 
Martyrology,  or  Papal  Usurpation,  1712,  fol. :  intended 
as  a  supplement  to  Fox's  Book  of  Martyrs.  Primordia 
Bibliothecaria,  1726.  Directorium  Missionarium,  1726. 
He  reprinted  the  Ecclesiastes  of  Erasmus,  and  pub.  a 
trans,  of  Perrin's  Hist,  of  the  Old  Waldenses  and  Albi- 
genses,  several  sermons,  &c. 

"  It  is  to  Dr.  Bray's  exertions  that  that  venerable  and  most  ex 
tensively  useful  association — The  Society  for  the  Propagation  of  the 
Gospel — owes  its  origin." 

In  1746  appeared  Publick  Spirit,  illustrated  in  the  Life 
and  Designs  of  the  Rev.  Tho.  Bray,  D.D.,  8vo ;  again,  by 
Rev.  H.  J.  Todd,  1808,  8vo ;  and  in  1848  was  pub.  Report 
for  the  Year  1847  of  the  Institution  established  by  the  late 
Rev.  Dr.  Bray  aird  his  Associates  for  Founding  Clerical 
Libraries  and  Supporting  Negro  Schools,  pp.  40,  12mo. 
For  an  account  of  his  labours,  see  Publick  Spirit,  <fec.,  or 
Chalmers's  Biog.  Diet. 

Bray,  Thortias,  D.D.     Sermons,  1761,  '63. 
Bray,  William.   The  Lord's  Supper,  Lon.,  1641,  4to. 
Bray,   William,  1736-1832.     Sketch  of  a  Tour  in 
Derbyshire  and  Yorkshire,  &c.,  Lon.,  1788 :  anon.     His 
tory  and  Antiquities  of  the  County  of  Surrey,  compiled 
from  the  materials  of  the  late  Rev.  Owen  Menning,  1804, 
'09,  '14,  fol.     Memoirs  of  J.  Evelyn,  Esq.,  1818,  2  vols.  4to. 
Con.  to  Archaeol.,  1782,  '94.     Account  of  Henry  Smith, 
Esq.,  and  his  Extensive  Charities,  Lon.,  1800,  8vo. 

Bray,  Capt.  William.  Appeal  to  the  Commons, 
1678,  8vo. 

Braybrooke,  Lord,  d.  1858.  History  of  Audley 
End,  Essex,  r.  4to.  The  Diary  and  Correspondence  of 
Samuel  Pepys,  Esq.,  F.R.S.,  2  vols.  r.  4to;  3d  edit.,  1848, 
5  vols.  p.  8vo ;  4th  edit.,  including  all  the  late  important 
MS.  additions  and  upwards  of  200  additional  Notes  and 
Letters,  Index,  &c.,  1854,  4  vols.  r.  8vo. 

"  The  new  matter  is  extremely  curious,  and  occasionally  far 
more  characteristic  and  entertaining  than  the  old." — Lon.  Athen. 
Brayley,  Edward  Wedlake,  F.S.A.,  1773-1854, 
a  laborious  and  accurate  topographer,  b.  in  London. 
While  an  apprentice  he  became  acquainted  with  Mr.  John 
Britton,  and  edited,  in  conjunction  with  him,  The  Beauties 
of  England  and  Wales,  1801-23,  25  vols.  8vo;  Plans  of 
Cities  and  Principal  Towns,  1810;  Tower  of  London, 
1830,  &c.  He  edited,  with  Notes,  Picturesque  Tour 
through  Yorkshire  and  Derbyshire,  by  Ed.  Dayes,  1805 ; 
2d  ed.,  1825;  Works  of  Robert  Bloomfield,  1806;  Cowper, 
1810  ;  Defoe's  Journal  of  the  Plague-Year,  1835.  The  fol 
lowing  are  a  portion  of  his  works.  1.  Descriptions  of 
Places  represented  in  Middiman's  Views  and  Antiquities 
of  Great  Britain,  1813,  4to.  2.  Popular  Pastimes,  1816. 
3.  Delineations,  Historical  and  Topographical,  of  the  Isle 
of  Thanet  and  Cinque  Ports,  1817.  4.  History  and  Anti 
quities  of  the  Abbey  Church  of  St.  Peter,  Westminster, 
1818-23.  5.  The  Ambulator,  1819  ;  12th  ed.  6.  Views  in 
Islington  and  Pentonville,  by  A.  Pugin,  1819.  7.  History 
and  Antiquities  of  the  Cathedral  Church  of  Exeter,  1826- 
27.  8.  Historical  and  Descriptive  Accounts  of  the  Theatres 
of  London,  1827.  9.  Londoniana;  Or,  Reminiscences  of 
the  British  Metropolis,  1829,  4  vols.  10.  Devonshire 
Illustrated,  1829.  11.  Antiquities  of  the  Priory  of  Christ 
Church,  Hants,  <fcc.,  1834.  12.  Graphic  and  Historical 
Illustrator,  1834.  13.  Illustrations  of  her  Majesty's  Palace 
at  Brighton,  by  J.  Nash,  1828.  14.  Topographical  His 
tory  of  Surrey,  1841-48,  5  vols.  r.  8vo,  and  4to. 

Brayley,  Edward  William,  F.R.S.,  son  of  the 

preceding,   from  1822  to  '45  was  one  of  the  editors  of 

240 


BRE 

Annals  of  Philosophy,  Zoological  Journal,  and  Philo- 
ophical  Magazine,  to  each  of  which  he  contributed  many 
•riginal  papers.  The  Utility  of  the  Knowledge  of  Nature 
Considered  with  Reference  to  the  General  Education  of 
Youth,  1831.  Edit.  Parke's  Chemical  Catechism,  1834; 
Origines  Biblicse  of  Dr.  Chas.  Beke,  F.S.A. ;  The  Correla- 
ion  of  Physical  Forces,  by  W.  R.  Grove,  F.R.S.,  <fec. 

Brayman,  James  O.,  b.  1815,  in  New  York,  a 
political  writer.  Editor  of  Daring  Deeds  of  American 
Heroes ;  Thrilling  Adventures  by  Sea  and  by  Land. 

Brayne.  1.  Astrology.  2.  The  Trinity,  Lon.,  1653, 
54,  4to. 

Breake,  Thomas.  Land-Surveying,  Lon.,  1771,  8vo. 

Breakspear,  Nicholas.     See  ADRIAN  IV. 

Breck,  Robert.     Sermons,  1728. 

Breck,  Robert.     Sermons,  1775,  '82. 

Breckenridge,  John,  D.D.,  1797-1841,  b.  at  Cabell's 
Dale,  Ky. ;  grad.  Princeton  Coll.,  1818 ;  an  eminent  Pres 
byterian  divine.  1.  Controversy  with  Bishop  Hughes 
on  Catholicism,  Phila.,  1836,  8vo.  2.  Sermons,  <fcc. 

Breckenridge,  Robert  Jefferson,  D.D.,  LL.D., 
b.  1800,  at  Cabell's  Dale,  Ky.,  brother  of  the  preceding, 
and  son  of  the  Hon.  John  Breckenridge,  author  of  the 
celebrated  Kentucky  Resolutions  of  1798,  Attorney- 
General  under  Jefferson,  Ac.  Dr.  B.  was  educated  for  the 
bar,  and  was  a  member  of  the  Legislature  of  Kentucky  in 
1825-26-27-28 ;  was  licensed  as  a  minister  in  1832,  and 
became  pastor  of  the  Second  Presbyterian  Church  in  Balti 
more.  In  1845  he  became  President  of  Jefferson  College, 
Penna. ;  pastor  of  the  First  Presbyterian  Church  in  Lex 
ington,  Ky.,  1847-53.  In  the  last-named  year  he  was 
elected  Prof,  of  Theology  in  Centre  Coll.,  Danville,  Ky. 
1.  Papism  in  the  XIX.  Century  in  the  U.S.,  1841.  2. 
Travels  in  France,  Germany,  &c.,  Phila.,  1839,  12mo. 
3.  Memoranda  of  Foreign  Travel,  1845,  2  vols.  12mo.  4. 
Internal  Evidence  of  Christianity,  1852.  5.  The  Know 
ledge  of  God  Objectively  Considered,  N.Y.,  1857,  8vo. 
The  second  part  of  this  work — entitled  The  Knowledge  of 
God  Subjectively  Considered — will  be  published  in  1859. 
Besides  editing  several  periodicals,  Dr.  B.  has  pub.  nu 
merous  articles  and  pamphlets  on  Slavery,  Temperance, 
Popery,  Universalism,  Presbyterianism,  Education,  Agri 
culture,  Politics,  &c., — which  if  collected  would  entitle 
him  to  the  rank  of  one  of  the  most  voluminous  writers 
of  America. 

Brecknock,  T.    Political  Tracts,  Ac.,  1752,  '59,  '60. 

Bredwell,  S.  Razing  the  Foundations  of  Brownism, 
Lon.,  1588,  4to. 

Bree,  John,  d.  1786.  Sketch  of  this  Kingdom  during 
the  Fourteenth  Century,  vol.  i.,  Lon.,  1791,  4to. 

"This  is  rather  a  collection  of  materials  for  a  work  on  the  sub 
ject  than  a  treatise  ;  but,  as  those  materials  are  chiefly  taken  from 
the  best  sources,  though  unskilfully  arranged,  the  volume  is  of 
considerable  value.  The  editor,  however,  possessed  no  other  qua 
lification  for  his  task  than  zeal." — LOWNDES. 

Bree,  Martin.     Medical  treatise,  Lon.,  1797,  8vo. 

Bree,  Robert,  M.D.    Med.  treatises,  Lon.,  1797-1811. 

Bree,  S.  C.  Designs  for  Italian  Villa  Architecture, 
fol.  Glossary  of  Civil  Engineering,  8vo.  Pictorial  Illus 
trations  of  New  Zealand,  1848,  fol. ;  67  engravings  by  H. 
Melville. 

"  These  beautiful  engravings  are  the  most  accurate  and  interest 
ing  that  we  possess  of  New  Zealand." 

Railway  Practice,  1837,  &c.,  4  vols.  4to. 

"  The  whole  of  the  information  necessary  for  this  treatise  is  de 
rived  from  the  only  legitimate  source, — the  direct  communications 
of  the  engineers-  to  the  several  works  who  have  kindly  sanctioned 
and  promoted  the  undertaking." 

Bree,  W.  T.  The  Plain  Reader's  Help  to  the  Study 
of  the  Holy  Scriptures,  Coventry,  1821-22,  4to  :  extracted 
chiefly  from  D'Oyly  and  Mant.  See  Home's  Introduction. 

Breen,  H.  H.  Diamond  Rock,  and  other  Poems, 
1849,  12mo.  St.  Lucia :  Historical,  Statistical,  and  De 
scriptive,  1844,  8vo.  Modern  English  Literature:  its 
Blemishes  and  Defects,  1858,  8vo. 

Breere,  Richard.    On  the  Messiah,  Lon.,  1789,  8vo. 

Breintnall,  Joseph.  Con.  to  Phil.  Trans. :  Meteors, 
1740.  Bite  of  a  Rattlesnake,  1746. 

Breirly,  Roger.  Bundle  of  Soul-Convincing  Truths, 
Edin.,  1670. 

Brekell,  John,  d.  about  1775,  Unitarian  minister  of 
Liverpool.  An  Essay  on  the  Hebrew  Tongue,  to  show 
that  the  Hebrew  Bible  might  be  originally  read  by  Vowel 
Letters,  without  the  Vowel  Points,  Lon.,  1758,  8vo. 

"  There  are  some  sensible  observations  in  this  small  work,  whicn 
is  written  on  the  Anti-Masoretic  system." — ORME. 

Sermons,  1744-69.     Twenty  Discourses,  1765,  8vo. 

"  More  distinguished  for  their  learning  than  their  theology."— 
ORME. 


BRE 

Breme,  Thomas.   Mirrour  of  Friendship,  Lon.,  1584. 

Bremner,  Robert.    Musical  treatises,  1756-77. 

Bremner,  Robert.  Excursions  in  the  Interior  of 
Kussia,  2  vols.  p.  8vo,  1839. 

"  A  very  spirited  and  graphic  narrative."— ROBERT  CHAMBERS. 

Excursions  in  Denmark,  Norway,  and  Sweden,  2  vols. 
8vo,  1840. 

"  Mr.  Bremner  is  a  lively  scene-painter,  and  there  is  great  fresh 
ness  and  vigour  about  all  his  descriptions." — Ibid. 

Brenan,  John,  M.D.     Puerperal  Fever,  1814,  8vo. 

Brenan,  Justin.  Composition  and  Punctuation,  1839, 
18mo.  Old  and  New  Logic  contrasted,  6th  ed.,  1848, 18mo. 

"  This  treatise  is  particularly  interesting  to  parents,  as  it  also 
takes  a  plain  view  of  classic  literature,  and  thus  they  will  be  en 
abled  to  judge  for  themselves  on  two  very  important  points — the 
reasoning  and  the  morality  that  their  sons  learn  in  Universities." 

Foreigner's  English  Conjugator,  12mo.  Utility  of 
Latin  discussed,  18mo.  The  National  Debt. 

Brenan,  M.  J.  Ecclesiastical  History  of  Ireland  to 
1829,  1848,  8vo.  Includes  dates  of  Religious  Founda 
tions,  of  Priories,  Convents,  Synods,  Colleges,  <fcc. 

Brende,  John.  The  Historic  of  Quintus  Curtius, 
Lon.,  1553,  4to;  translated  from  the  Latin.  Two  Sermons 
by  S.  Ciprian ;  trans,  into  English,  8vo. 

Brent,  Charles.     Theolog.  treatises,  Lon.,  1702-28. 

Brent,  Charles.  Compendious  Astronomer,Lon.,1741. 

Brent,  J.  1.  Battle  Cross,  Lon.,  3  vols.  p.  Svo.  2.  Ellis 
Forrester,  3  vols.  p.  Svo.  3.  Sea-Wolf,  12mo. 

Brent,  Sir  Nathaniel,  1573-1652,  a  native  of  Little 
Woolford,  Warwickshire,  entered  of  Merton  College,  Ox 
ford,  and  took  B.A.  1593.  He  married  a  niece  of  Dr. 
George  Abbott,  Archbishop  of  Canterbury.  He  trans. 
Father  Paul  Sarpi's  History  of  the  Council  of  Trent,  from 
the  Italian  into  English  and  Latin,  Lon.,  1619,  fol.,  1640, 
1676.  Father  Paul's  (and  Fulgentio's)  History  has  been 
highly  commended. 

"  This  work  is  a  beautiful  monument  of  the  History  of  Religion, 
the  most  curious  part  of  the  History  of  the  Human  Mind,  for 
those  who  can  soar  above  the  prejudices  of  sects  and  parties." — 
GIBBON. 

"This  work  is  justly  entitled  to  be  placed  among  the  most  ad 
mired  historical  compositions." — DR.  ROBERTSON. 

Brent  also  trans,  from  the  Latin,  Mr.  Francis  Mason's 
Vindication  of  the  Church  of  England,  concerning  the 
Consecration  and  Ordination  of  the  Bishops,  <fcc.,  1625,  fol. 

"  It  is  a  complete  refutation  of  the  old  story  of  the  Nag's  Head 
ordination." 

Brent,  William.     Nature  of  Eternity,  Lon.,  1655. 

Brenton,  Edward  Pelham,  1774-1839,  Captain 
R.N.,  founder  of  the  Children's  Friend  Society,  and  a 
promoter  of  other  philanthropic  enterprises.  1.  The  Naval 
History  of  Great  Britain  from  the  Year  1783  to  1822,  Lon., 
1823,  5  vols.  Svo ;  new  ed.,  1836,  2  vols.  Svo.  2.  A  Re 
futation  of  the  Statement  of  Admiral  Sir  George  Mon 
tague,  1823,  Svo.  3.  Life  of  Earl  St.  Vincent,  G.C.B., 
1838,  2  vols.  8vo. 

"To  Captain  Brenton  we  feel  infinite  gratitude  for  this  valuable 
addition  to  our  literature;  and  when  we  also  call  to  mind  the 
merit  of  his  Naval  History,  we  may  justly  pronounce  him  to  have 
taken  his  place  among  the  foremost  of  those  authors  who  have 
done  honour  to  their  own  patriotism,  to  their  profession,  and  to 
their  native  land." — Lon.  Literary  Gazette. 

The  Bible  and  Spade.  See  Memoir  of,  by  his  Brother, 
Sir  J.  Brenton,  1842,  Svo. 

Brenton,  Sir  Jahleel,  K.C.B.,  1770-1844,  Rear- 
Admiral  R.N.,  brother  of  the  above.  1.  The  Hope  of 
the  Navy,  Lon.,  1839,  12mo.  2.  Appeal  to  the  British 
Nation;  2d  ed.,  1841,  18mo.  3.  Memoir  of  Captain 
E.  P.  Brenton,  1842,  Svo.  4.  Coast  Fisheries,  1843,  Svo. 
See  Memoir  and  Services  of,  by  Henry  Raikes,  1845, 
Svo. 

Brerely,  John,  the  assumed  name  of  James  Ander- 
ton  or  Anderson.  See  ANDERTON,  JAMES. 

Brereton,  C.  D.  Administration  of  Poor-Laws  in 
Agricult.  Districts,  Lon.,  8vo.  A  Catechism  of  the  Seven 
Sacraments,  1834,  8vo. 

Brereton,  Henry.  Newes  of  the  Present  Miseries 
of  Rushia,  occasioned  by  the  late  Warre  in  that  Countrey, 
Lon.,  1614,  4to :  Gordonston  sale,  379,  £1  19*. 

Brereton,  Jane,  1685-1740,  a  native  of  Flintshire, 
daughter  of  a  gentleman  of  learning  named  Hughes,  con 
tributed,  under  the  name  of  Melissa,  to  the  Gentleman's 
Magazine.  A  volume  of  her  Poems,  with  Letters,  and  an 
account  of  her  Life,  was  pub.  Lon.,  1744,  Svo. 

"  Mrs.  Brereton  was  amiable  in  every  relation  of  life,  and  dis 
played  some  talents  for  versification,  if  not  for  poetry."  See  Cen- 
sura  Literaria,  vii.  231. 

Brereton,  John.  Relation  of  the  Discovery  of  the 
North  Part  of  Virginia,  Lon.,  1702,  4to.  A  copy  is  in 
the  Brit  Museum.  Bindley,  pt  1, 1293.  Jadis,  £5  15s.  6d. 

Brereton,  Owen  Salisbury,  1715-1798,  a  learned 


BRE 

English  lawyer,  educated  at  Westminster,  and  at  Trinity 
College,  Cambridge.  He  contributed  to  the  Archseologia, 
Observations  on  Peter  Collinson's  account  of  the  Round 
Towers  in  Ireland  ;  Tour  through  South  Wales  ;  Extracts 
from  the  Household-Book  of  Henry  VIII. ;  Account  of  a 
painted  Window  in  Brereton  Church,  Cheshire ;  A  Non 
descript  Coin.  See  Archaeol.  iii.,1774;  also  Phil.  Trans., 
1781 ;  and  Chalmers's  Biog.  Diet 

Brereton,  Thomas.     Sermon  on  Prov.  i.  10,  Svo. 

Brereton,  William.     His  Case,  Lon.,  1779. 

Brerewood,  Edward,  1565-1615,  a  mathematician 
and  antiquary,  admitted  of  Brasenose  College,  1581, 
chosen  Professor  of  Astronomy  in  Gresham  College,  1596. 
De  Ponderibus  et  Pretiis  veterum  Nummorum,  <fcc.,  Lon., 
1614,  4to;  repub.  by  Walton,  in  the  Preliminary  Disserta 
tions  to  the  Polyglot.  Enquiries  touching  the  diversities 
of  Languages  and  Religions  through  the  chief  parts  of 
the  World,  Lon.,  1614,  '22,  '35,  4to ;  1674,  Svo  j  trans,  into 
Latin,  German,  and  French. 

"  The  people  of  America  are  the  progeny  of  the  Tartars."  See 
p.  96. 

"  There  is  a  good  deal  of  learning  iu  this  small  work,  partly  of 
a  biblical  nature,  and  partly  relating  to  Church  History." — ORMB. 

"  A  very  learned  work." — DR.  PARR. 

See  Oldys's  Brit  Librarian,  p.  159-162.  Brerewood 
wrote  Treatises  on  the  Sabbath,  1630,  '32,  and  some  other 
works.  See  Athen.  Oxon. 

Brerewood,  Thomas.  Galfred  and  Juletta,  or  the 
Road  of  Nature ;  a  Tale,  Lon.,  1772,  3  vols.  4to. 

Brest,  Vincent.     Medical  Treatises,  Lon.,  1732,  Ac. 

Bretland,  Joseph,  1742-1819,  a  Unitarian  minister 
of  Exeter,  England.  Sermons,  Exeter,  2  vols.  Svo,  1820. 

"  His  sermons  are  marked  by  a  chaste  and  correct  style  of  com 
position." — Lon.  Monthly  Repository. 

Breton,  Becton,  or  Britton,  John,  d.  1275, 
Bishop  of  Hereford,  a  native  of  England,  was  noted  for 
his  knowledge  of  the  Civil  and  Common  Law.  He  made 
a  digest  of  the  Laws  of  England,  which  Leland  tells  us 
was  of  great  use  in  its  day. 

Breton,  John.     Sermon,  1714,  Svo. 

Breton,  Nicholas,  1555-1624,  supposed  to  have  been 
of  a  Staffordshire  family,  pub.  a  number  of  poetical  pieces, 
a  list  of  which  will  be  found  in  Ritson's  Bibl.  Poetica, 
and  in  Lowndes's  Brit  Bibliographer.  Sir  Egerton 
Brydges  printed  in  1815,  r.  4to,  an  edition  of  Breton's 
Melancholike  Humours,  with  Critical  Preface ;  of  this  re- 
pub.,  privately  printed,  only  100  copies  were  struck  off. 

"  Nicholas  Breton,  a  writer  of  pastorals,  sonnets,  canzons,  and 
madrigals,  in  which  kind  of  writing  he  keeps  company  with  several 
other  contemporary  ^emulators  of  Spenser  and  Sir  Philip  Sidney, 
in  a  publist  collection  of  selected  odes  of  the  chief  pastoral  son- 
netteers,  &c.  of  that  age." — Phillips's  Theatrum  Poetarum. 

"  The  ballad  of  Phillida  and  Corydon,  reprinted  by  Percy,  is  a 
delicious  little  poem ;  and  if  we  are  to  judge  from  this  specimen, 
his  poetical  powers,  for  surely  he  must  have  had  the  powers  of  a 
poet,  were  distinguished  by  a  simplicity  at  once  easy  and  elegant." 
— SIR  EGERTON  BRYDGES. 

Breton,  William.  Militia  Discipline,  Lon.,  1717,  Svo. 

Breton,  William  Henry,  Lieutenant  R.N.  Ex 
cursions  in  New  South  Wales,  1830-33,  Lon.,  Svo.  Scan 
dinavian  Sketches  j  or,  A  Tour  in  Norway,  Svo. 

"'This  will  be  found  to  be  by  far  the  most  useful  guide  to  the 
tourist  in  Norway.  This  second  edition  contains  much  valuable 
information  to  the  Scandinavian  angler." 

Brett,  Arthur.  The  Restauration,  or  a  Poem  on  th« 
Return  of  Charles  II.  to  his  Kingdom.  Lon.,  1660,  4to. 
Threnodia,  or  the  Death  of  the  Duke  of  Gloucester,  Oxon., 
1660,  4to.  Patientia  Victrix:  or  the  Book  of  Job  in  Lyric 
Verse,  Lon.,  1661,  Svo. 

"  This  person,  who  was  a  great  pretender  to  poetry,  ....  by  his 
folly  grew  so  poor,  being  as  I  conceive,  somewhat  crazed,  that  he 
desired  the  almes  of  gentlemen,  especially  of  Oxford  scholars,  whom 
he  accidentally  met  with  in  London." — Athen.  Oxon. 

Brett,  Capt.  John,  R.N.  Trans,  of  Discourses  and 
Essays  from  Feyjoo,  1777-80. 

Brett,  Joseph.     Sermons,  1704,  '15. 

Brett,  Richard,  1561-1637,  educated  at  Hart  Hall, 
Oxford,  was  one  of  the  translators  of  the  authorized  ver 
sion  of  the  Holy  Scriptures.  Vitae  Sanctorum  Evangelist. 
Johannis  et  Lucae,  &c.,  Oxon.,  1597,  8vo.  Agatharchidis 
et  Memnonis  Historicorum,  <fec.,  Oxon.,  1597,  16mo.  Ico- 
num  Sacrarum  decas,  <fcc.,  Oxon.,  1603,  4to. 

"  He  was  a  person  famous  in  his  time  for  learning  as  well  as  piety, 
skill'd  and  vers'd  to  a  criticism  in  the  Latin,  Greek,  Hebrew,  Chal- 
daic,  and  ^Ithiopic  tongues.  He  was  a  most  vigilant  pastor,  a  dili 
gent  preacher  of  God's  word,  a  liberal  benefactor  to  the  poor,  a 
faithful  friend,  and  a  good  neighbour."— Athen.  Oxon. 

Brett,  Samuel,  "  Captain  of  a  ship  of  Malta,  against 
the  Turks,  in  assistance  to  the  Venetians,"  published  a  most 
interesting  pamphlet,  Lon.,  1655,  4to,  giving  an  account 
of  his  Observations  in  his  Travels  beyond  the  Seas,  includ 
ing  A  Narrative  of  the  Proceedings  of  a  great  Council  of 


BRE 


BRE 


Jews,  assembled  in  the  Plain  of  Ageda,  in  Hungary,  about 
thirty  leagues  distant  from  Buda,  to  examine  the  Scriptures 
concerning  Christ,  on  the  Twelfth  of  October,  1650.  By 
Samuel  Brett,  there  present. 

"  At  the  Place  aboye  named,  there  assembled  about  three  hun 
dred  Kabbies,  called  together  from  several  Parts  of  the  World  to 
examine  the  Scriptures  concerning  Christ.  .  . .  The  King  of  Hun 
gary  did  allow  that  some  Assistants  should  be  sent  from  Rome; 
and  their  Coming  thither  did  prove  a  great  unhappiness  to  this 
hopeful  Council." 

On  the  seventh  day  of  the  Council,  they  called  in  to  their 
aid  six  of  the  Roman  Clergy,  "  sent  by  the  Pope  to  assist 
in  this  Council."  The  instructions  of  the  priests  were  not 
at  all  relished  by  the  Jews,  for 

"  As  soon  as  the  Assembly  had  heard  these  Things  from  them, 
they  were  generally  and  exceedingly  troubled  thereat,  and  fell  into 
high  Clamours  against  them  and  their  Religion,  crying  out,  No 
Christ,  no  Woman-God,  no  Intercession  of  Saints,  no  Worshipping 
of  Images,  no  Praying  to  the  Virgin  Mary,  &c.  Truly  their  Trou 
ble  hereat  was  so  great,  that  it  troubled  me  to  see  their  Impatience ; 
they  rent  their  Cloaths  and  cast  Dust  upon  their  Heads,  and  cried 
out,  Blasphemy,  Blasphemy!  and,  upon  this,  the  Council  broke 
up.  ...  I  do  believe  there  were  many  Jews  there,  that  would  have 
been  persuaded  to  own  the  Lord  Jesus ;  and  this  I  assure  you  for 
a  Truth,  and  it  is  for  the  Honour  of  our  Religion,  and  the  Encou 
ragement  of  our  Divines,  one  eminent  Rabbi  there  did  deliver  his 
Opinion,  in  Conference  with  me,  that  he  at  first  feared  that  those 
which  were  sent  from  Rome  would  cause  an  unhappy  Period  to 
their  Council;  and  professed  to  me,  that  he  much  desired  the  Pre 
sence  of  some  Protestant  Divines,  and  especially  of  our  English  Di 
vines,  of  whom  he  had  a  better  Opinion  than  of  any  other  Divines 
in  the  World." 

This  very  curious  pamphlet  was  reprinted  in  vol.  i.  of 
The  Harleian  Miscellany,  and  vol.  i.  of  The  Phoenix,  p.  543. 
Brett,  Thomas,  1667-1743,  a  native  of  Bettishanger, 
Kent,  admitted*  of  Queen's  College,  Cambridge,  1684,  and 
Corpus  Christi,  1689;  Rector  of  Bettishanger,  1703,  and 
of  Ruck  in  ge,  1705;  received  into  communion  with  the  Non- 
jurors,  1715.  He  was  a  voluminous  writer  of  controversial 
pieces.  His  Dissertation  on  the  Principal  Liturgies  used 
by  the  Christian  Church  in  the  celebration  of  the  Holy 
Eucharist,  pub.  1720,  has  been  highly  commended. 

"  No  man  can  seriously  peruse  the  writings  of  Brett  relative  to 
the  Liturgies  of  the  Primitive  Churches,  without  being  impressed 
with  the  importance  of  the  subject." — HrMen  on  Tradition. 

His  Collection  of  the  different  Liturgies,  with  a  Disser 
tation  on  them,  also  appeared  in  1720.  In  1743  was  pub. 
his  Letter  to  a  Clergyman,  showing  why  our  English  Bibles 
differ  so  much  from  the  Septuagint,  though  both  are  trans 
lated  from  the  Hebrew  Original,  8vo.  The  2d  edit.,  en 
larged,  and  pub.  from  the  author's  MS.  after  his  death, 
appeared  in  1760,  8vo.  It  was  repub.  in  Bishop  Watson's 
Collection  of  Theolog.  Tracts,  vol.  iii. 

"  It  is  an  excellent  dissertation,  and  cannot  foil  of  being  very 
useful  to  such  as  have  not  leisure  or  opportunity  to  consult  Dr. 
Hody's  book,  De  Bibliorum  Textibus."— BISHOP  WATSON. 
Brett,  W.  H.     Indian  Missions  in  Guiana,  8vo. 
"  An  interesting  volume,  well  calculated  for  helping  forward  the 
Church's  missions,  by  inducing  persons  to  consider  the  subject, 
who  would  put  aside  mere  official  statements  and  papers."— English 
Churchman. 

"The  volume  before  us  will  tell  the  nature  of  the  work  which  is 
being  quietly  done  by  the  missionaries  of  the  Society  for  the  Pro 
pagation  of  the  Gospel  in  Foreign  Parts." — English  Review. 

Brettingham,  Matthew.  Remarks  on  several  Parts 
of  Europe,  Lon.,  1723,  '25,  '28,  '38,  4  vols.  fol. 

Brettingham,  Matthew.  Plans,  Elevations,  and 
Sections  of  Holkham  in  Norfolk,  the  Seat  of  the  Earl  of 
Leicester,  Lon.,  1761,  atlas  fol. ;  enlarged,  1773.  See  Wai- 
pole's  Works,  vol.  iii.,  1798. 

Breues,  John.  The  Fortune  Hunters,  1753,  8vo. 
The  Fortunate  Lovers,  1754,  8vo.  The  Chain  of  Fate, 
1755,  8vo. 

Breval,  Dr.  Sermons,  1670,  fol. 
Breval,  John  Durant  de,  a  captain  under  the  Duke 
of  Marlborough,  a  son  of  Dr.  Breval,  Prebendary  of  West 
minster,  was  educated  at  Trinity  College,  Cambridge.  Re 
marks  on  Several  Parts  of  Europe,  Lon.,  1723-38,  4  vols. 
in  2,  fol.  The  Confederates  ;  a  Farce,  1717,  8vo :  this  hits 
a  side  blow  at  Three  Hours  after  Marriage,  the  unfortunate 
banthng  of  Pope,  Arbuthnot,  and  Gay :  though  bearin<* 
the  name  of  the  latter  only. 

«  On  which  account  Mr.  Pope,  who  never  could  forgive  the  least 
attempt  made  against  his  reigning  the  unrivalled  sovereign  in  the 
throne  of  wit,  has  introduced  this  gentleman  [Brevall  into  that 
poetical  pillory,  The  Dunciad,  among  the  various  authors  whom  he 
has  supposed  devotees  of  the  goddess  of  Dulness."— Binq  Dramat 
The  History  of  the  House  of  Nassau,  Ac.,  1734  8vo' 
Other  works. 

Brevard,  Joseph.  An  Alphabetical  Digest  of  the 
Public  Statute  Law  of  S.  Carolina,  Phila.,  1814,  3  vols.  8vo. 
"  The  execution  of  this  digest  was  not  sanctioned  nor  adopted 
by  the  legislature  of  the  State,  but  the  convenient  arrangement 
and  the  learning  and  accuracy  of  the  compiler,  rendered  it  an  ac- 
septable  and  authoritative  work." — Jfartrin's  Legal  Bill. 


Reports  of  Judicial  Decisions  in  S.  Carolina  1793-1815, 
Charleston,  1840,  3  vols.  8vo. 

Brevint,  Daniel,  1616-1695,  a  native  of  Jersey,  Fel 
low  of  Jesus  College,  Oxford,  1638;  Prebendary  of  Dur 
ham,  1661;  Dean  of  Lincoln,  1681.  Missale  Romanum, 
or  the  depth  and  mystery  of  the  Roman  Mass  laid  open  and 
explained,  for  the  use  of  both  reformed  and  unrefornied 
Christians,  Oxf.,  1672,  £vo.  The  Christian  Sacrament  and 
Sacrifice,  <fcc.,  Oxf.,  1673,  8vo.  The  above  two  works  were 
pub.  in  one  vol.,  Oxf.,  1847,  8vo.  Dr.  Waterland  had  ex 
pressed  his  desire  to  see  a  reprint : 

;  Dr.  Brevint  was  well  read  in  the  Eucharistic  Sacrifice ;  no  man 
understood  it  better ;  which  may  appear  from  two  tracts  of  his  upon 
the  subject,  small  ones  both,  but  extremely  fine.  He  stood  upon 
the  ancient  ground,  looked  upon  evangelical  duties  as  the  true 
oblation  and  sacrifice,  resolved  the  sacrifice  of  the  Eucharist,  ac 
tively  considered,  solely  into  them ;  and  he  explained  the  practical 
uses  of  that  doctrine  in  so  clear,  so  lively,  and  so  affecting  a  way, 
that  we  shall  scarce  meet  with  any  thing  on  the  subject  that  can 
justly  be  thought  to  exceed  it,  or  even  come  up  to  it.  I  could 
heartily  join  my  wishes  with  a  late  learned  writer  that  that  excel 
lent  little  book,  entitled  The  Christian  Sacrament  and  Sacrifice, 
might  be  reprinted  for  the  honour  of  God,  and  the  benefit  of  the 
Church." 

Saul  and  Samuel  at  Endor,  or  the  new  waies  of  Salvation 
and  Service  which  usually  tempt  men  to  Rome  and  detain 
them  there,  truely  represented  and  refuted,  Oxf.,  1674, 
1688,  8vo.  Ecclesise  Primitive,  &c.  Other  works. 

Brewer,  Anthony,  a  dramatic  writer  temp.  James  I. 
Country  Girl,  C.,  1647,  4to.  Love-sick  King,  Trag.  Hist., 
1655,  4to.  The  two  preceding  are  the  pieces  which  "wri 
ters  in  general"  ascribe  to  Brewer.  Winstanley  and  Phil 
lips  make  him  the  writer  of  six  plays.  Kirkman,  Jacob, 
and  Gildon  allow  him  but  two.  Langbaine  denies  Winstan- 
ley's  assertion  that  Lingua,  or  the  Combat  of  the  Tongue 
and  the  Five  Senses  for  Superiority,1607, 4to,was  written  by 
Brewer.  This  piece  has  become  famous  from  the  story  that 

"  At  the  first  performance  of  this  play  at  Trinity  College,  Cam 
bridge,  Oliver  Cromwell  personated  the  part  of  Tactus,  from  which 
he  first  imbibed  his  ambitious  sentiments." 

See  an  interesting  discussion  of  this  subject  in  the  Biog. 
Dramat. ;  "  Brewer,  Anthony." 

Brewer,  E.  C.,  D.D.,  of  Trinity  Hall,  Cambridge, 
Head  Master  of  King's  College  School  in  union  with  King's 
College,  London.  A  Guide  to  Roman  History.  Allison's 
Guide  to  English  History,  entirely  rewritten,  and  greatly 
improved.  Poetical  Chronology  of  Inventions,  Discoveries, 
<fec.,  12mo.  Arithmetical  Tables.  School  Recitations,  12mo. 
System  of  Book-Keeping,  12mo.  Key  to,  by  Double  En 
try,  12mo.  Guide  to  Scientific  Knowledge  of  Things  Fami 
liar,  18mo,  Lon.,  1850.  Key  to,  18mo.  This  work  has  un 
doubtedly  proved  one  of  the  most  useful  of  the  age. 

"  As  a  book  of  reference  its  worth  is  unparalleled ;  as  a  book  of 
instruction  it  is  no  less  valuable ;  and  as  a  volume  taken  up  to 
pass  a  pleasant  half  hour  or  so,  it  will  be  found  exceedingly  at 
tractive  and  interesting." — Magazine  of  Science. 

"  As  a  School  Book  it  is  invaluable,  for  it  contains  an  amount  of 
information  never  before  compressed  in  any  volume  of  the  same 
dimensions." — English  Journal  of  Education. 

"  We  cordially  commend  it  to  all  who  have  to  do  with  the  sub 
ject  of  education." — Christian  Witness. 

"  It  is  a  most  charming  family  book,  and  cannot  fail  to  interest 
all  classes  of  people." — Evangelical  Magazine. 

"  It  will  be  impossible  to  dip  into  this  charming  little  volume, 
open  it  at  whatever  part  you  may,  without  delight.  Every  page 
is  calculated  to  rivet  the  attention,  and  to  show  how  interesting  is 
the  study  of  useful  knowledge." — Educational  Times. 

This  work  attained  such  great  popularity  as  soon  as  pub 
lished,  that  25,000  copies  were  printed  in  about  two  years. 

Mr.  Robert  E.  Peterson,  of  Philadelphia,  made  it  the 
basis  of  his  Familiar  Science,  or  the  Scientific  Explana 
tion  of  Common  Things,  making  such  additions,  altera 
tions,  &Q.  as  to  greatly  improve  the  value  of  the  work. 
This  volume  (pub.  by  Childs  &  Peterson,  Philadelphia) 
has  had  a  very  extensive  sale,  and  may  be  warmly  com 
mended  as  a  desirable  manual  for  the  school,  the  library, 
or  the  parlour  table.  80,000  sold  in  four  years. 

"I  consider  the  book  a  valuable  contribution  to  our  means  of 
instruction  in  schools,  and  hope  to  see  it  generally  introduced  and 
used  by  teachers.  Fathers  of  families  also,  who  are  now  frequently 
puzzled  by  the  questions  of  the  young  philosophers  of  their  house 
holds,  will  do  well  to  procure  a  copy,  and  avoid  saying  so  often 
'I  do  not  know.'"— PROF.  WM.  H.  ALLEN,  President  of  Girard 
College. 

"  Familiar  Science  embodies  a  vast  amount  of  facts  and  princi 
ples  relating  to  the  several  branches  of  natural  science,  judiciously 
selected  and  arranged,  and  very  useful  to  awaken  inquiry  in  the 
young,  and  form  a  taste  for  such  studies."— REV.  LTMAN  COLEMAN. 

"  I  consider  the  volume  a  valuable  accession  to  Christian  scien 
tific  literature,  and  worthy  a  place  in  every  family  and  in  every 
academy  or  school." — REV.  DR.  DITRBIN. 

"  It  contains  a  vast  amount  of  useful  information  on  subjects 
which  force  themselves  upon  the  attention  both  of  old  and  young, 
and  it  is  likely  to  cultivate,  in  those  who  read  it,  habits  of  inquiry 
and  reflection." — RT.  REV.  ALONZO  POTTER. 


BRE 


BRE 


Brewer,  George,  b.  1766,  pub.  a  number  of  works,  ! 
among  which  are,  The  History  of  Tom  Weston,  Lon.,  1791, 
2  vols.,  12mo.  Maxims  of  Gallantry,  1793,  8vo.  The 
Motto,  1795,  2  vols.  12mo.  The  Rights  of  the  Poor  Con 
sidered,  1800,  8vo.  Debtor  and  Creditor,  1806,  8vo.  How 
to  be  Happy,  1814,  12mo.  Hours  of  Leisure,  1806, 12mo. 

Brewer,  Henry.    See  BRAWERN. 

Brewer,  J.  N.,  a  miscellaneous  writer.  A  Winter's 
Tale,  1799,  4  vols.  12mo.  An  old  Family  Legend,  1811,  4 
vols.  12mo.  History  of  Oxfordshire,  1813.  Introduc.  to 
the  Beauties  of  England  and  Wales,  1814,  8vo.  The  Pic 
ture  of  England,  Lon.,  1820,  12mo.  Account  of  Palaces 
and  Public  Buildings,  1810,  4to.  Histrionic  Topography, 
Lon.,  1818,  8vo.  Beauties  of  Ireland,  Lon.,  1826,  2  vols.  8vo. 

Brewer,  J.  S.,  Professor  of  English  Literature  in 
King's  College,  London.  1.  Elementary  Atlas  of  History 
and  Geography,  Lon.,  1855,  r.  8vo.  2.  Monumenta  Fran- 
ciscana,  <fcc.,  1858 :  see  Lon.  Athen.,  July  31,  1858,  129. 
See  THORNDIKE,  HERBERT. 

Brewer,  James,  M.D.  Con.  to  Phil.  Trans.,  1700 : 
Beds  of  Oyster  Shells  near  Reading,  Berkshire. 

Brewer,  Rev.  Josiah,  b.  1796,  Mass.,  grad.  Yale 
Coll.  For  ten  years  a  missionary  to  the  Levant.  Resi 
dence  at  Constantinople  in  1827,  8vo.  Patmos,  and  the 
Seven  Churches  of  Asia,  1851. 

Brewer,  Thomas.  The  Weeping  Lady  ;  or  London 
like  Ninivie  in  Sackcloth,  Lon.,  1625,  4to.  Bib.  Anglo- 
Poet.,  £3  13».  6<2.  A  Knot  of  Fooles,  Lon.,  1658,  4to.  In 
Brit.  Museum.  Roxburghe,  3380,  £3. 

Brewerton,  T.  Le  Gay.  Chemical  Con.  to  Nic. 
Jour.,  1810. 

Brewster,  Celestia  A.,  born  1812  in  Mass.  Bloss's 
Ancient  History  and  Heroines  of  the  Crusades,  <fcc. 

Brewster,  Sir  David,  LL.D.  and  K.H.,  one  of  the 
most  distinguished  of  modern  experimental  philosophers, 
was  born  at  Jedburgh,  Scotland,  Dec.  11,  1781.  He  stu 
died  at  the  University  of  Edinburgh,  where  he  became 
intimate  with  Dugald  Stewart,  Playfair,  and  Robison. 
In  1808  he  undertook  the  editorship  of  the  Edinburgh  En 
cyclopaedia,  which  was  not  completed  until  1830.  He  re 
ceived  the  honorary  degree  of  LL.D.  from  the  University 
of  Aberdeen  in  1807,  and  in  1808  was  elected  a  Fellow  of 
the  Royal  Society  of  Edinburgh.  In  1813  he  pub.  his 
Treatise  on  New  Philosophical  Instruments.  In  con 
junction  with  Professor  Jameson,  in  1819,  he  established 
the  Edinburgh  Philosophical  Journal ;  this  work  contains 
contributions  by  Herschel,  Humboldt,  Blumenbach,  Prout, 
and  other  eminent  philosophers.  Subsequently  Sir  David 
commenced  the  Edinburgh  Philosophical  Journal,  of  which 
16  vols.  appeared.  In  1815  the  Institute  of  France  elected 
Dr.  Brewster  a  corresponding  member,  and  he  has  been 
similarly  honoured  by  the  Royal  Academies  of  Russia, 
Prussia,  Sweden,  and  Denmark.  In  1831  he  received  the 
decoration  of  the  Hanoverian  Guelphic  Order,  and  in  1832 
he  was  knighted  by  William  IV.  A  higher  honour  was  in 
reserve  for  him :  by  the  death  of  Berzelius,  a  vacancy  oc 
curred  in  the  number  (never  more  than  eight)  of  the  Fo 
reign  Associate  Members  of  the  National  Institute  of 
France  ; — Sir  David  was  elected. 

"  The  eight  associate  members  of  the  Institute  are  generally  Re 
garded  as  the  eight  greatest  cetebres  in  the  learned  world."— La 

Sir  David's  first  wife  was  a  daughter  of  the  celebrated 
Macpherson,  the  editor — or  author,  as  opinions  vary — of 
Ossian. 

"  Sir  David  Brewster' s  numerous  writings  take  in  a  wide 
range  of  science.  His  most  valuable  scientific  papers  are 
published  in  the  'Transactions'  of  the  Royal  Societies  of 
London  and  of  Edinburgh.  Among  the  more  important 
are:  1.  On  a  new  Analysis  of  Solar  light,  indicating  three 
primary  colours,  forming  coincident  spectra  of  equal  length. 
2.  On  Circular  Polarization.  3.  On  the  Effects  of  Com 
pression  and  Dilatation  in  altering  the  polarizing  structure 
of  the  doubly  refracting  crystals;  and  others,  in  which 
the  law  is  determined  which  connects  the  refractive  index 
of  a  crystal  with  its  angle  of  polarization,  and  the  dis 
covery  of  rings  in  biaxial  crystals  is  made  known.  Other 
papers  are  to  be  found  in  the  Edinburgh  Rev.,  the  Reports 
of  the  British  Association,  the  Lib.  of  Useful  Knowledge, 
the  Phil.  Mag.,  (of  which  Sir  David  is  one  of  the  editors,) 
and  the  North  Brit.  Rev. :  they  embrace  physical  geography, 
astronomy,  photography,  meteorology,  <fcc.  Of  separate  j 
works  may  be  mentioned :  4.  A  Treatise  on  the  Kaleido 
scope,  1819,  8vo.  5.  Notes  to  Robison's  System  of  Me- 
chanical  Philosophy,  1822,  4  vols.  8vo.  6.  Euler's  Letters; 
with  a  Life  of  Euler,  1823,  2  vols.  12mo.  7.  Notes  and 
Introductory  Chapter  to  Legendre's  Elements  of  Geometry, 


1824.  8.  Treatise  on  Optics,  1831,  8vo.  American  edition, 
by  Prof.  A.  D.  Bacbe,  Phila.,  1833,  12mo.  9.  Letters  on 
Natural  Magic,  1831,  12mo.  10.  Life  of  Sir  Isaac  New 
ton,  1831,  12mo.  11.  The  Martyrs  of  Science;  or.  The 
Lives  of  Galileo,  Tycho  Brahe",  and  Kepler,  1841,  12mo, 
(2d  ed.,  Svo,  1846.)  12.  Treatise  on  the  Microscope,  p.  8vo. 
13.  More  Worlds  than  One :  the  Creed  of  the  Philosopher, 
and  the  Hope  of  the  Christian,  1854,  8vo.  14.  Memoirs  of 
the  Life,  Writings,  and  Discoveries  of  Sir  Isaac  Newton, 
1855,  2  vols.  Svo."  See  Knight's  Eng.  Cyc.,  Div.  Biog.,  vol.  i. 

"  Dr.  Brewster's  book  [Life  of  Newton]  is  a  most  scientific  and 
interesting  one :  there  is  instruction  for  the  ignorant,  learning  for 
the  learned,  science  for  the  profound,  and  anecdotes  personal  and 
scientific  for  the  idler  and  the  gossip.  All  that  can  be  now  known 
of  the  illustrious  Newton  is  told  with  considerable  clearness  and 
beauty;  his  discoveries  are  discussed,  his  inventions  described,  the 
character  of  the  most  eminent  of  his  companions  drawn,  and  we 
follow  him  to  the  observatory,  the  study,  the  Royal  Society,  and 
the  private  chamber.  It  is  a  work  which  affords  much  instruction 
and  pleasure." — Lon.  Athenaeum.  (Review  of  1st  ed.) 

The  Memoirs  of  Sir  Isaac  Newton,  1855,  2  vols.  Svo,  has 
not  passed  without  censure.  See  NEWTON,  SIR  ISAAC.  We 
should  not  omit  to  notice  the  valuable  article  on  Mag 
netism  in  the  7th  edit,  of  the  Encyc.  Brit. 

The  Lives  of  Galileo,  Tycho  Brahe",  and  Kepler,  the 
Martyrs  of  Science,  have  been  commended.  A  late  martyr 
of  science,  in  noticing  one  of  Sir  David's  last  works,  paid 
the  following  handsome  tribute  to  the  venerable  author : 

"  The  sale  of  a  work  is  usually  no  bad  test  of  the  interest  which 
attaches  to  the  subject  of  it;  and  we  accept  it  as  good  in  evidence, 
that  the  question  respecting  the  '  plurality  of  worlds,'  so  ingeni 
ously  discussed  by  Sir  David  Brewster  and  his  anonymous  antago 
nist,  is  one  which  successfully  addresses  itself  to  at  least  the  curio 
sity  of  the  reading  portion  of  the  community,  that  Sir  David's 
More  Worlds  than  One,  though  not  yet  six  months  before  the 
public,  is  already  in  what  is  more  than  tantamount  to  its  third 
edition.  The  sale  of  the  third  thousand  of  his  separate  Treatise 
is,  we  are  informed,  fast  progressing;  and  his  article  on  the  same 
subject  in  the  North  British  Review,  which  formed  the  pregnant 
nucleus  of  the  work,  is  understood  to  have  enjoyed  at  least  an 
equal  circulation.  There  does  certainly  exist  a  wide-spread  desire 
to-know,  so  far  as  can  be  known,  the  extent  of  God's  living,  re 
sponsible  creation.  The  planet  which  we  inhabit  is  but  one  vessel 
in  the  midst  of  a  fleet  sailing  on  through  the  vast  ocean  of  space, 
under  convoy  of  the  sun.  Far  on  the  distant  horizon  what  seem 
to  be  a  great  many  other  convoy  ships  appear,  though  such  is  their 
remoteness,  that  even  our  best  glasses  enable  us  to  know  very  little 
regarding  them.  But  in  the  vessels  of  the  same  group  as  ourselves, 
we  see  evolutions  similar  to  those  which  our  own  ship  performs — 
we  see  them  maintain  relations  similar  to  our  own  to  the  great 
guardian  vessel  in  the  midst— we  see  them  regulated  by  her  in  all 
their  movements,  and  that  when  nights  fall  dark,  most  of  them 
have  their  sets  of  lanthorns  hoisted  up  to  give  them  light;  and 
there  is  a  desire  among  us  to  know  somewhat  respecting  the  crews 
of  these  neighbour-vessels  of  ours,  and  whether — as  we  all  seem 
bound  on  a  common  voyage — the  expedition,  as  it  is  evidently 
under  one  and  the  same  control,  may  not  have  a  common  purpose 
or  object  to  accomplish.  Such  is  the  natural,  and  surely  not  irra 
tional,  curiosity  that  has  led  in  part  to  the  extensive  circulation  of 
the  two  recently  published  works  which  discuss  the  question  on 
its  opposite  sides ;  though  in  perhaps  equal  part,  however,  their 
popularity  must  be  owing  to  the  admirable  manner  in  which  they 
are  written,  and  the  high  scientific  acquirements  of  their  respective 
authors.  It  is  not  every  day  that  combatants  such  as  Sir  David 
Brewster,  and,  shall  we  say,  Professor  Whewell,  meet  in  the  arena. 
There  is  a  pleasing  peculiarity  in  the  writings  of  our  great  coun 
tryman,  which  our  readers  must  have  often  remarked. 

"  We  referred  on  a  recent  occasion  to  the  remark  of  Sir  James 
Mackintosh,  that '  the  memorable  instances  of  Cicero  and  Milton, 
and  still  more  those  of  Dryden  and  Burke,  seem  to  show  that  there 
is  some  natural  tendency  in  the  fire  of  genius  to  burn  more  brightly 
or  to  blaze  more  fiercely  in  the  evening  than  in  the  morning  of 
human  life.'  We  can,  however,  regard  none  of  these  instances, 
nor  yet  that  of  Dugald  Stewart,  which  Sir  James  also  adduces,  as 
equally  striking  with  the  one  furnished  by  the  literary  history  of 
Sir  David.  The  poet  who  produced,  while  yet  a  boy,  the  Hymn 
of  the  Nativity,  did  not  leave  himself  much  room  for  future  im 
provement,  in  at  least  poetic  feeling  and  conception;  and  in  the 
earlier  writings  of  Dryden  and  Burke,  we  find  no  equivocal  pro 
mise  of  what  was  afterwards  to  be  accomplished  in  the  Ode  to  St. 
Cecilia's  Day,  and  the  Reflections  on  the  French  Revolution.  In 
the  earlier  compositions  of  Sir  David,  on  the  other  hand — always 
severe  in  style,  and  sternly  scientific  in  form — there  is  compara 
tively  little  indication  of  that  rich  flow  of  fancy  and  imagination, 
and  that  fertility  of  happy  illustration,  which  his  later  writings 
exhibit.  As  in  the  far  west,  his  year  of  life  enjoys  an  '  Indian 
summer'  greatly  richer  and  more  gorgeous  in  its  scenery  than  any 
of  the  seasons  that  have  gone  before.  There  is  something  inex 
pressibly  pleasing  in  exhibitions  of  this  kind.  A  vigorous  and 
still  youthful  mind  lodged  in  a  material  framework  which  has 
served  its  purposes  during  the  ordinary  term  of  life,  and  gives  evi 
dence  that,  though  age  presses  upon  it  but  lightly,  his  touch  is 
there,  is  of  itself  an  argument  for  the  immortality  of  the  better 
part.  Were  soul  and  body  to  perish  together,  they  would  surely 
exhibit  traces  of  the  same  decay.  Further,  too,  it  is  a  singularly 
agreeable  sight,  as  illustrative  of  that  happiest  condition  of  ad 
vanced  life,  which  the  Psalmist  could  describe  as  peculiarly  the 
gift  of  God  to  his  own.  In  old  age,  when  others  foiled  and  faded, 
the  righteous  man  was  still  to  bring  forth  fruit  and  blossom,  as  in 
his  fresh  and  vigorous  years.  There  was  to  be  sap  and  fatness  in 
his  unshrivelled  trunk,  and  green  leaves  and  bright  flowers  on  all 
his  boughs."— HUGH  MILLER:  Edinburgh  Witness. 


BRE 


BRI 


The  Plurality  of  Worlds  is  now  ascribed  to  Mr.  J.  S.  ; 
Smith,  of  Baliol  College,  Oxford. 
Brewster,  Sir  Francis.  Trade  and  Navigation,1695. 
Brewster,  James.     Lectures  on  our  Lord's  Sermon 
on  the  Mount,  Edin.  and  Lon.,  1809,  8vo. 

"  Always  clear,  generally  judicious,  and  sometimes  discriminat 
ing." — Lon.  Christian  Observer. 

Brewster,  John,  educated  at  Lincoln  College,  Ox 
ford,  d.  1843.  Theolog.  and  other  works,  1792-1818. 
The  Parochial  History  and  Antiquities  of  Stockton-upon- 
Tees,  1796,  4to.  Meditations  of  a  Recluse,  1800,  12mo. 
Meditations  of  the  Aged,  1810,  8vo. 

"  The  Meditations  of  Brewster  are  much  admired." — LOWNDES. 
Lectures  on  the  Acts  of  the  Apostles,  Lon.,  1807,  2  vols. 
8vo ;  2d  edit.,  Lon.,  1831,  1  vol.  8vo.     These  Lectures  are 
an  imitation  of  Bishop  Porteus's  excellent  Lectures  on  the 
Gospel  according  to  St.  Matthew. 

"  Mr.  Brewster  is  full  of  illustrations  from  the  fathers  and  di 
vines  of  various  ages ;  and  his  own  remarks  are  not  trite,  but 
lively,  as  well  as  just." — British  Critic. 

Contemplations  on  the  Last  Discourses  of  our  Blessed 
Saviour  with  his  Disciples,  Ac.,  Lon.,  1822,  8vo. 
Brewster,  Richard.     Sermon,  1  Sam.  xii.  24,  4to. 
Brewster,  Samuel.    Theolog.  Treatises,  Lon.,  1700, 
'01,  8vo. 

Brewster,  Samuel.  Jus  feciale  Anglicanum,  or  a 
Treat,  of  the  Law  of  Eng.  rel.  to  War  and  Rebellion,  1725. 
Brewster,  Samuel.  Collectanea  Ecclesiastica,  Lon., 
1752,  4to.  See  in  this  work  a  treatise  by  Bishop  Walton, 
entitled  A  Treatise  concerning  the  Payment  of  Tythes  in 
London. 

Brewster,William.  Theolog.Anecdotes,  3d  ed.,1812. 

Brian,  Thomas.     The  P.  Prophet,  Lon.,  1637,  4to. 

Briant,  Alexander,  1557-1581,  entered  at  Hart  Hall, 

Oxford,  1557,  executed  for  high  treason  at  Tyburn,  1581, 

wrote  whilst  in  prison  Literas  ad  Reverendos  Patres  So- 

cietatis  Jesu  in  Anglia  degentes,  and  some  Letters  to  his 

Friends  and  Afflicted  Catholics.     See  Athen.  Oxon. 

Bribner,  Francis.  His  Declaration,  June  17, 1688, 
containing  his  reasons  for  renouncing  the  Roman  Catholic, 
and  embracing  the  Protestant  Religion  ;  fol. 

Brice,  Alexander.  Con.  to  Phil.  Trans.,  1766 ; 
Astronomy  and  Natural  History. 

Brice,  Andrew.  Geograph.  Diet.,  Exeter,  1760,  2  v. 
fol.  The  Mobiad;  a  Poem,  Oxf.,  1770,  8vo. 

Brice,  J.     Divinity  of  the  Messiah,  1800,  8vo. 
Brice,  John.     Laws  of  the  U.  S.  in  force  relative  to 
commercial  subjects,  Baltimore,  1831. 

Brice,  Thomas.  A  Compendious  Register  in  Metre, 
conteining  the  Names  and  pacient  Suffryngs  of  the  Mem- 
bres  of  Jesus  Christ,  and  the  tormented  and  cruelly  burned 
within  England,  Ac.,  London,  by  John  Kyngston,  1559, 
sm.  8vo. 

Brice,  Thomas.     History,  Ac.  of  Exeter,  8vo. 
Brichan,  David,  D.D.     Sermons,  1805,  '06;  2  vols. 
do.  1807-12,  8vo. 

"The  elocution  of  the  style  is  supported  by  a  closeness,  ma 
turity,  and  dignity  of  sentiment,  that  we  have  not  often  wit 
nessed." — Eclectic  Review. 

"  His  style  is  strength,  rather  than  elegance." — Monthly  Review. 
"  The  general  character  of  these  Discourses  is  a  masculine  vigour, 
a  thorough  acquaintance  with  the  different  subjects  discussed,  and 
an  earnest,  though  by  no  means  an  enthusiastic,  zeal  in  endea 
vouring  to  impress  the  great  truths  of  Christianity  on  the  hearers." 
—Brit.  Crit. 

Brickell,  John,  M.D.    The  Natural  History  of  North 
Carolina,  with  engravings,  1743,  8vo;  Dubl.,  1723,  '37, 
'39",  8vo,  1743,  8vo.     Cat.  of  American  Trees  and  Shrubs, 
which  will  endure  the  climate  of  England,  Lon.,  1739,  fol. 
Brickington,  Stephen.     See  BIRCHINGTON. 
Bricknell,  W.  S.    Notices  of  the  Oxford  Tracts,  Ac. 
1845,  Ac. 

Bridall,  John.     See  BRYDALL. 
Bridecake,  Ralph.     Sermon,  1730,  4to. 
Bridecake,  T.     Medical  Treatise,  1807. 
Bridferth,  flourished  980,  a  British   monk,  ami  the 
most  eminent  mathematician  of  his  day,  was  a  teacher  of 
the  school  at  Ramsey. 

"  Bridforth's  Commentaries,  on  the  two  treatises  of  Bede,  D 
Natura  Rerum,  and  De  Temporum  Ratione.  are  extremely  valu 
able  for  the  light  they  throw  on  tte  method  of  teachin"  in  the 
Anglo-Saxon  schools.  They  are  probably  nothing  more  than  notes 
on  the  lectures  delivered  in  the  school  at  Ramsey.  Bede's  Trea 
tises  were  still  the  text-books  of  the  Anglo-Saxon  scholars." 

Bridferth  left  comments  on  the  tracts  De  Indigitatione 
and  De  Ratione  Unciarum,  published  under  the  name  of 
Bede.  Pits  attributes  to  him  De  Principiis  Mathematicis, 
lib.  i.,  and  De  Institutione  Monachorum,  lib.  i. ;  and  Ma- 
billon  gives  him  credit  for  the  MS.  Life  of  Dunstan, 
printed  in  the  Acta  Sanctorum,  torn.  iv.  1685.  This  opi- 
244 


nion  is  generally  concurred  in.  Bridferth's  Commentaries 
will  be  found  in  some  editions  of  Bede's  works ;  Colon. 
Agrip.,  1612,  torn.  i.  Ac.  See  Wright's  Biog.  Brit.  Lit. ; 
Pits's  De  Illustribus,  Ac. 

Bridil,  E.  P.  Grammatical  Treatises,  Ac.,  1799-1807. 

Bridge,  Bewick.  Mathematical  Lectures,  1810-11, 
2  vols.  8vo. 

"  A  valuable  introduction  to  the  science." — LOWNDES. 

Other  mathematical  treatises,  1811-21. 

Bridge,  Francis.    Sermon,  1684. 

Bridge,  Josiah,  d.  1801,  aged  61,  minister  of  East 
Sudbury,  Massachusetts,  pub.  an  Election  Sermon,  1789. 

Bridge,  Samuel.     Treatises  on  the  Militia,1803-09. 

Bridge,  Thomas,  d.  1715,  aged  58,  a  minister  of 
Boston,  Massachusetts,  was  a  native  of  Hackney,  Eng 
land.  Sermons,  1705,  '10,  '13. 

Bridge,  William,  1600-1690,  an  eminent  Puritan 
divine,  was  educated  at  Emanuel  College,  Cambridge. 
He  preached  for  a  time  at  Norwich,  but  being  silenced 
for  Nonconformity,  went  to  Rotterdam,  where  he  took 
charge  of  a  congregation.  In  1642  he  returned  to  Eng 
land,  became  minister  of  Great  Yarmouth,  whence  he  was 
ejected  in  1662.  He  was  also  a  member  of  the  West 
minster  Assembly.  Archbishop  Laud  thus  refers  to  him. 

"  In  Norwich,  one  Mr.  Bridge,  rather  than  he  would  conform, 
hath  left  his  lecture,  and  two  cures,  and  is  gone  into  Holland. 
On  the  margin  of  this  passage,  Charles  I.  wrote:  'Let  him  go; 
we  are  well  rid  of  him !' " — Laud's  Troubles  and  Trials. 

Bridge  pub.  Sermons,  1641,  '68,  '71,  '73 ;  a  Reply  to  Dr. 
Terne,  1643,  4to.  Life  of  Jessy,  1671,  8vo.  His  principal 
works  appeared  in  1657,  2  vols.  4to.  In  1845  his  Works, 
now  first  collected,  were  pub.  in  5  vols.  8vo ;  containing 
above  100  sermons.  Among  the  most  noted  of  his  dis 
courses  were  nine  sermons,  entitled  Seasonable  Truths  in 
Evil  Times,  1668,  8vo. 

His  sermons  on  Faith  were  highly  recommended  by  the 
Countess  of  Huntingdon.  Bridge  was  very  studious  in 
his  habits. 

"  He  possessed  a  library  well  furnished  with  the  fathers,  school 
men,  and  critics.  He  was  a  very  close  student,  rising  every  morn 
ing,  both  in  winter  and  summer,  at  four  o'clock,  and  continuing 
in  his  library  until  eleven." 

Bridgeman,  G.    Admiral  Duncan's  Victory,  1797. 

Bridgeman,  Thomas.  1.  Young  Gardener's  Assist 
ant,  N.Y.,  1847,  8vo.  2.  Florist's  Guide.  3.  Fruit-Culti 
vator's  Manual.  4.  Kitchen-Gardener's  Instructor. 

Bridgeman,  William.  Trans,  from  the  Greek,  1804, 
'07.  Moral  Philosophy  from  Aristotle,  Pythagoras,  Ac. 

Bridgeman.     See  BRIDGMAN. 

Bridgen,  R.  Antiq.  of  Sefton  Church,  1822,  fol.,  Ac. 
Designs  for  Grecian  and  other  Furniture,  1838,  4to.  In 
terior  Decorations  of  Sefton  Church,  Lancashire,  fol. 
Sketches  of  West  Indian  Scenery,  imp.  4to. 

Bridgen,  William.    Assize  Sermon,  1712,  8vo. 

Bridges,  Charles,  Vicar  of  Old  Newton.  Exposi 
tion  of  Psalm  119th,  as  illustrative  of  the  character  and 
exercises  of  Christian  Experience,  Lon.,  1838,  12ino  ;  19th 
edit.,  1849. 

"  An  excellent  manual  of  religion,  plain,  practical,  and  devo 
tional." — Lon.  Eclectic  Review. 

"Its  interpretations  are  unexceptionably  evangelical;  its  rea 
sonings  are  close  and  connected ;  and  its  appeals  to  the  heart  ara 
such  as  to  approve  themselves  to  the  experience  of  every  devout 
believer  in  Christ." — Lon.  Evangelical  Mag. 

The  Christian  Ministry,  with  an  Inquiry  into  the  Causes 
of  its  Inefficiency,  and  with  an  Especial  Reference  to  the 
Ministry  of  the  Establishment,  Lon.,  1829,  12mo. 

"  A  truly  valuable  and  profitable  book,  and  well  deserving  of  a 
place  among  the  books  of  every  young  minister." — BICKERSTETH. 

An  Exposition  of  the  Book  of  Proverbs,  Lon.,  18-16, 
2  vols.  12mo;  2d  edit.,  with  additions,  1847;  3d  edit., 
1850.  The  exposition  of  the  first  nine  chapters  has  been 
pub.  separately,  under  the  title  of  A  Manual  for  the  Young. 

"  The  most  lucid  and  satisfactory  commentary  on  the  Book  of 
Proverbs  that  we  have  met  with ;  and  though  it  is  of  a  populai 
cast,  and  quite  within  the  scope  of  the  general  reader,  it  is  a  book 
which  clergymen  will  find  it  to  their  advantage  frequently  and 
diligently  to  consult." 

Essay  on  Family  Prayer,  12mo.  Sacramental  Instruc 
tion,  12mo.  Scriptural  Studies.  18mo. 

Bridges,  George,  d.  1677.  The  Memoirs  of  the 
Duke  of  Rohan,  trans,  from  the  French,  Lon.,  1660,  8vo. 
See  Censura  Literaria,  vol.  iv. 

Bridges,  James.  Polit.  State  of  Scotland,  1818,  8vo. 

Bridges,  Jeremiah.     The  Foot  of  the  Horse,  1752. 

Bridges,  John,  d.  1590.  Trans,  of  Gualter's  175 
Homelyes,  1572. 

Bridges,  John,  Bishop  of  Oxford,  d.  1618.  Supre- 
macie  of  Christian  Princes,  Ac.,  1573,  4to.  Defence  of 


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the  Gouernment  established  in  the  Church  of  England,  j 
Ac.,  1587,  4to.     Quatuor  Evangelia,  1604,  8vo. 

"  Us  was  eminent  for  his  theological  writings,  more  especially  j 
as  a  defender  of  the  church  against  the  Puritans." — Censura 
Lileraria,  vol.  ii. 

Martin  Marprelate  (Penry)  does  not  seem  to  have  placed 
a  high  value  on  the  bishop's  Defence  of  the  Church. 

Bridges,  John,  b.  about  1666,  d.  1724,  an  eminent 
antiquary,  about  1719  began  to  make  Collections  towards 
a  History  of  Northamptonshire.  He  collected  enough  ma 
terials  to  fill  30  folio,  5  4to,  and  5  small  volumes.  He  died 
before  he  was  ready  for  the  press,  and  the  MSS.  were 
placed  in  the  hands  of  Dr.  Samuel  Jebb,  who  pub.  Parts 
1,  2,  and  a  portion  of  No.  3,  1737,  &c.  The  work  was  I 
stopped  at  the  press  by  want  of  means  and  other  diffi 
culties,  and  it  was  not  until  1791  that  the  History  ap 
peared,  edited  by  the  Rev.  Peter  Whalley,  Oxford,  2  vols. 
fol.  For  an  interesting  account  of  this  work,  and  the  causes 
of  its  slow  progress  to  publication,  see  Nichols's  Lit.  Anec 
dotes,  vol.  ii. 

'•  .Mr.  Bridge's  History  of  Northamptonshire  is  a  model  to  all 
county  historians;  and  it  is  heartily  to  be  wished  that  some 
native  may  be  found,  heir  to  his  skill  and  public  spirit,  and  meet 
with  due  encouragement  to  continue  the  labours  of  Mr.  Bridges. 
I  have  many  materials  for  the  purpose ;  which  should  not  be  with 
held  from  any  one  qualified  for  the  task." — Nichols's  Lit.  Anecdotes, 
vol.  ii. 

For  lists  of  works  on  British  Topography,  see  Nichols 
and  Sons'  (son  and  grandson  of  the  celebrated  John  Ni 
chols)  current  catalogues,  and  Henry  G.  Bohn's  Guinea 
Catalogue,  1841. 

Bridges,  Sir  John.  Legal  Treatises.  Reports, 
Lon.,  1651. 

"  A  very  learned  and  ingenious  author,  whose  Legal  Treatises 
are  less  known  than  they  ought  to  be." — Censura  Literaria,  vol.  iv. 

Bridges,  Matthew.  The  testimony  of  profane  An 
tiquity  to  the  account  given  by  Moses  of  Paradise  and  the 
Fall  of  Man,  Lon.,  1825,  8vo.  Roman  Empire  under  Con 
stantino  the  Great,  Lon.,  1828,  Svo;  7  copies  on  large 
paper.  Babbicombe  and  other  Poems,  12mo.  Jerusalem 
Regained ;  a  Poem,  8vo. 

Bridges,Noah.  Vulgar  Arithmetique,  1653, 12mo,etc. 

Bridges,  Ralph,  D.D.  Sermons,  Lon.,  1700,  '24, 
'27,  '38,  4to. 

Bridges,  Robert,  Professor  of  Chemistry  in  the 
Phil.  College  of  Pharmacy,  <fcc.  Fownes's  Elementary 
Chemistry,  3d  Amer.,  edit.,  from  the  last  London  edit., 
with  additions,  Phila.,  1854,  r.  12mo.  See  FOWNES, 
GEORGE. 

Bridges,  Thomas.  New  Trans,  of  Homer's  Iliad, 
adapted  to  the  capacity  of  honest  English  Roast  Beef  and 
Pudding  Eaters,  1764,  2  vols.  12mo. 

"  A  work  full  of  humour,  but  which  often  transgresses  the 
bounds  of  decency." — LOWXDES. 

Dido;  a  Comic  Opera,  1771,  8vo.  The  Dutchman;  a 
Musical  Entertainment,  1775,  8vo.  Adventures  of  a  Bank 
Note ;  a  Novel. 

Bridges,  Walter.  A  Catechism  for  Communicants, 
Lon.,  1645,  8vo. 

Bridges,  William.     Sermons,  1643,  '67. 

Bridget,  Mrs.  1.  Mortimer  Hall.  2.  B.  of  Falcon- 
berg,  1811,  '15. 

Bridgewater,  Rev.  Francis  Henry  Egerton, 
eighth  Earl  of,  1756-1829,  was  educated  at  Eton,  and 
All  Souls'  College,  Oxford,  where  he  took  the  degree  of 
M.A.  in  1780.  His  father,  the  Bishop  of  Durham,  ap 
pointed  him  a  Prebendary  of  Durham  in  1780,  and  in 
1781  the  Duke  of  Bridgewater  presented  him  to  the  rectory 
of  Middle  in  Shropshire,  and  in  1797  to  that  of  Whit- 
church  in  the  same  county.  In  1823  he  succeeded  his 
brother  in  his  titles.  For  many  years  before  his  death  he 
resided  entirely  at  Paris.  In  1796  he  pub.  in  4to  an  edit, 
of  the  Hippolytus  of  Euripides.  He  also  edited  A  Frag 
ment  of  an  Ode  of  Sappho  from  Longinus,  and  an  Ode  of 
Sappho  from  Dionysius  Halicarn.,  in  8vo.  In  1793  he 
prepared  for  the  Biographia  Britannica  a  Life  of  Lord 
Chancellor  Egerton,  (see  vol.  v.)  250  copies  of  this  Me 
moir,  considerably  enlarged,  were  privately  printed  by 
him  \n  1798.  This  enlarged  memoir,  and  a  life  of  the 
Bishop  of  Durham,  were  intended  by  the  publishers,  at 
the  author's  request,  for  the  6th  vol.  of  the  Biog.  Brit. 
His  lordship  pub.  several  other  pieces  :  see  Memoir  in 
Gent.  Mag.  He  left  his  collections  of  MSS.  and  antiqui 
ties,  and  a  sum  of  money,  to  the  Brit.  Museum.  The  earl 
had  been  deeply  impressed  with  the  value  of  well-digested 
argumentative  treatises  upon  the  subject  of  man's  relations 
to  his  Maker.  He  himself  drew  up  a  work  upon  the  sub 
ject,  which  was  privately  printed  at  Paris,  by  Didot.  By 
his  last  Will  and  Testament,  he  bequeathed  the  sum  of 


eight  thousand  pounds  sterling  to  be  paid  to  the  person  or 
persons  who  should  be  appointed  by  the  President  of  the 
Royal  Society  to  prepare  a  work 

"  On  the  Power,  Wisdom,  and  Goodness  of  God,  as  manifested 
in  the  Creation,  illustrating  such  work  by  all  reasonable  argu 
ments;  as,  for  instance,  the  variety  and  formation  of  God's  crea 
tures  in  the  animal,  vegetable,  and  mineral  kingdoms;  the  effect 
of  digestion,  and  thereby  of  conversion;  the  construction  of  the 
hand  of  man,  and  an  infinite  variety  of  other  arguments;  as  also 
by  discoveries,  ancient  and  modern,  in  arts,  sciences,  and  in  the 
whole  extent  of  literature." 

One  thousand  copies  were  to  be  printed,  and  the  profits 
were  to  be  paid  to  the  author  or  authors  selected  for  this 
important  duty.  The  following  gentlemen  were  honoured 
by  the  appointment,  it  being  determined  to  publish  eight 
separate  essays : 

1.  The  Rev.  Thomas  Chalmers,  D.D.,  Professor  of  Di 
vinity  in   the   University  of  Edinburgh,  On  the  Power, 
Wisdom,  and  Goodness  of  God  as  manifested  in  the  Adap 
tation  of  External  Nature  to  the  Moral  and  Intellectual 
Constitution  of  Man.     (2  vqls.  8vo;  6th  edit.,  1840.) 

2.  John  Kidd,  M.D.,  F.R.S.,  Regius  Professor  of  Medi 
cine  in  the  University  of  Oxford,  On  the  Adaptation  of 
External  Nature  to  the  Physical  Condition  of  Man.     (8vo; 
5th  edit,  1837.) 

3.  The  Rev.  William  Whewell,  M.A.,  F.R.S.,  Fellow  of 
Trinity  College,  Cambridge,  Astronomy  and  General  Phy 
sics  considered  with  reference  to  Natural  Theology.     (Svo ; 
7th  edit.,  1839.) 

4.  Sir  Charles  Bell,  K.G.H.,  F.R.S.,  L.  &  E.,  The  Hand  : 
its  Mechanism  and  Vital  Endowments  as  evincing  Design. 
(Svo;  4th  edit.,  1837.) 

5.  Peter  Mark  Roget,  M.D.,  Fellow  and  Secretary  of 
the  Royal  Society,  On  Animal  and  Vegetable  Physiology, 
considered  with  reference  to  Natural  Theology.     (2  vols. 
Svo ;  3d  edit,,  1840.) 

6.  The  Rev.  William  Buckland,  D.D.,  F.R.S.,  Canon  of 
Christ  Church,  and  Professor  of  Geology  in  the  University 
of  Oxford,  On  Geology  and  Mineralogy.     (2  vols.  Svo  ; 
2d  edit.,  1837.) 

7.  The  Rev.  William  Kirby,  M.A.,  F.R.S.,  On  the  His 
tory,  Habits,  and  Instincts  of  Animals.     (2  vols.  Svo ;  2d 
edit.,  1835.) 

8.  William  Prout,  M.D.,  F.R.S.,  Chemistry,  Meteorology, 
and  the  Function  of  Digestion,  considered  with  reference 
to  Natural  Theology.     (Svo;  3d  edit.,  1845.)' 

In  all,  12  volumes.  The  names  of  the  above  writers  are 
a  sufficient  guarantee  of  the  value  of  their  respective  es 
says.  Great  fault  has  been  found  with  the  manner  in 
which  the  trust  has  been  discharged  : 

"  Such  a  bequest  is  without  parallel  in  the  history  of  our  litera 
ture,  but,  unfortunately,  the  intention  of  the  munificent  noble 
man  has  been  absolutely  perverted.  Instead  of  one  distinct '  work 
on  Natural  Theology,  which  would  have  been  translated  into 
every  written  language,  and  which  would  have  formed  a  more 
than  European  monument  to  the  liberality  and  piety  of  our  coun 
tryman,'  eight  independent  treatises  have  appeared,  and  to  them 
the  favoured  publisher  has  affixed  such  exorbitant  prices  as  to 
prevent  the  less  wealthy  classes  of  society  from  benefiting  by  his 
lordship's  generosity." 

So  argues  an  indignant  objector.  Perhaps  much  might 
be  said  on  the  other  side,  but  as  we  have  no  space  for  die- 
cussion,  we  will  only  refer  the  reader  to  the  Edinburgh 
Review,  Lon.  Quarterly  Review,  Westminster  Review, 
Eraser's  Magazine,  the  Athenaeum,  <tc.  A  new  ed.  of  the 
Bridgewater  Treatises,  thoroughly  revised  and  improved, 
has  been  pub.  by  Mr.  Bohn  in  his  Scientific  Library.  The 
so-called  Ninth  Bridgewater  Treatise,  a  Fragment,  by 
Charles  Babbage,  was  pub.  1837. 

Bridgewater,  John,  d.  about  1600,  who  in  his  writ 
ings  calls  himself  Aqua  Pontanus,  was  entered  of  Hart 
Hall,  Oxford,  and  there  removed  to  Brasenose  College. 
He  was  chosen  Rector  of  Lincoln  College  in  ]  563,  Arch 
deacon  of  Rochester,  1570.  Becoming  favourable  to  Ro 
manism,  he  resigned  his  preferments,  and  sought  a  home 
in  the  college  for  English  Roman  Catholics  at  Douay.  He 
died  in '  Germany.  Concertatio  Ecclesiae  Catholicse  in 
Anglia.  First  pub.  by  Fenn  and  Gibbons  at  Triers,  15S3, 
Svo;  enlarged  by  Bridgewater,  1594,  4to.  Confutatio 
virulentiae  Disputationis  Theologise,  <fec.,  Triers,  1589,  4to. 
An  Account  of  the  Six  Articles  usually  proposed  to  the 
Missionaries  that  suffered  in  England. 

Bridgman.     Report  Bedford  Level,  1724,  fol. 

Bridgman,  Sir  John.  Reports  from  the  12th  to 
the  19th  of  James  L,  Lon.,  1659,  fol.  Originally  taken 
in  French,  from  which  they  were  trans,  into  English,  and 
pub.  after  the  author's  death. 

"  The  memory  of  his  great  learning  and  profoundness  in  the 
knowledge  of  the  laws  of  England  still  remains." 


BRI 

.  sriod,  that  they  are  not  often 
referred  to,  nor  do  we  understand  that  they  are  highly  esteemed." 
See  Bridgman's  Legal  Bib. ;  Marvin's  Legal  Bib. 

Bridgman,  Sir  Orlando,  Lord  Chief  Justice  of  the 
Common  Pleas,  and  successor  to  the  Earl  of  Clarendon  as 
Keeper  of  the  Great  Seal.  Conveyances,  being  Select 
Precedents  of  Deeds  and  Instruments  concerning  the  most 
considerable  Estate  in  England,  Lon.,  1652,  '82,  '99, 1710; 
6th  ed.,  1725,  in  2  parts,  fol. 

"  His  draughts  are  still  admired  and  resorted  toby  all  who  deem 


BRI 

"  Mr.  Briggs  has  evinced  both  wit  and  humour  of  a  high  order 
in  his  Harry  Franco,  and  other  novels  and  sketches."— R.  W. 
GRISAVOLD. 

Briggs,  Henry,  1556-1630,  an  eminent  mathemati 
cian,  a  native  of  Warley  Wood,  near  Halifax,  Yorkshire, 
was  educated  at  St.  John's  College,  Cambridge,  of  which 
he  became  Fellow  in  1588  ,•  examiner  and  lecturer  in  Ma 
thematics  in  1592;  first  Professor  of  Geometry  in  Gresham 
College,  London,  1596  ;  first  Savilian  Professor  of  Geome 
try,  1619.  At  Oxford  he  settled  himself  at  Morton  Col- 


a  propriety  of  composition  and  copic 
patible  with  technical  accuracy.    Unf 
the  public  in  a  very  slovenly  manner; 

G?bw^ic?ta£^  respecting   an   alteration   of  the  scale,  and  his  valuable 

Judgment  of  the  Common  Pleas  in  Benyon  v.  Evelyn,  !  publications  on  the  subject.  Logarithmorum  Chilias 
T.  T.  14,  chap,  ii.,  &c.,  extracted  from  Bridgman's  Report  |  prima,  Lon.,  1617,  8vo.  Arithmetica  Logarithmica,  &e., 
by  F'.  Hargrave,  Lon.,  1811,  Svo.  Reports  of  Judgments  j  Lon.,  1624,  fol. ;  enlarged,  printed  under  the  care  of  Adrian 
by  Sir  Orlando  Bridgman,  <fec.,  edit,  from  the  Hargrave  '  Vlacq,  in  French,  Gonda,  1628,  fol.  In  English,  Lon., 
MSS.  by  S.  Bannister,  Lon.,  1823,  Svo.  Sir  0.  B.  left  I  1631,  fol.  This  great  work  contains  the  logarithms  ot 
9  vols.  of  MS.  Reports;  the  above  vol.  is  an  extract  from  I  30,000  natural  numbers,  to  14  places  of  figures  beside  the 

f 1_   ~e  i.j *.~c.  ~e  „„=„<,    trn      fiii.  rwiandn  miidviMi  !  index!     Briggs  died  before  this  work  was  perfected  as  he 

designed ;  but  his  friend  Henry  Gellibrand  brought  it  to 
completion  in  1633,  under  the  title  of  Trigonometria 
Britannica,  <fcc.,  Gonda,  fol.  Briggs  pub.  some  other 
mathematical  works,  and  A  Treatise  of  the  North-West 


four  vols.  of  his  notes  of  cases,  <fec.  Sir  Orlando  enjoyed 
a  great  reputation  as  a  lawyer. 

"  Very  eminent  in  the  knowledge  of  the  law."— LORD  CLARENDON. 

"  He  should  not  be  mentioned  but  with  reverence  and  with  ve 
neration  for  his  learning  and  integrity."— LORD  NOTTINGHAM. 


;  A  very  studious  gentleman,  who  had  an  account  brought  to 
him  of  all  that  passed  in  the  courts."— LORD  HOLT. 

"  In  the  arguments  of  Chief  Justice  Bridgman,  methinks  I  find 
that  evisceratio  causes,  as  the  Roman  orator  calls  it.  an  exact  ana 
tomy  of  the  case,  and  dextrous  piercing  into  the  very  bowels  of  it; 
and  it  was  no  small  commendation  of  an  eminent  professor  of  our 
law,  and  one  that  afterwards  was  advanced  to  the  highest  office  a 
person  of  that  profession  can  be  capable — That  he  always  argued 
like  a  laivyer  and  a  gentleman."— Pref.  to  Carter's  Reports. 

"  Mr.  Fonblanque  [Treat,  on  Equity]  speaks  of  Bridgman's  Re 
ports,  of  which  Mr.  Hargrave  had  lent  him  the  MS.,  as  for  exceed 
ing  Carter's  in  copiousness,  depth,  and  correctness." 

See  Williams's   Study  of  Law ;  Bridgman's  Leg.  Bib. ; 
Barton's  Convey. ;  Marvin's  Leg.  Bib. ;  Wallace's  Reporters. 
Bridgman,  Richard  Whalley.     Thesaurus  Juri- 
dicus,  Lon.,  1799-1800;  2  vols.  Svo,  1806. 

"  Had  this  work  been  completed,  it  would  have  formed  one  of 
the  most  useful  books  in  the  lawyer's  library."— Preston  on  Ab 
stracts. 

Reflections  on  the  Study  of  the  Law,  1804,  Svo.  A 
Short  View  of  Legal  Bibliography,  Lon.,  1807,  Svo. 

"  Mr.  Bridgman's  Treatise,  though  incomplete,  is  the  best  Eng 
lish  work  existing  of  the  period  embraced  by  his  Legal  Bibliography. 
The  author's  study  must  have  led  him  to  a  familiar  acquaintance 
with  the  Reports,  from  which  we  might  have  expected  a  more  en 
during  and  satisfactory  monument  of  research  and  criticism  upon 
them  than  this  volume  affords.  This  deficiency,  so  far  as  regards 
the  older  reporters,  has  recently  been  adequately  supplied  by  the 
very  judicious  and  able  criticism  and  notes  of  Mr.  J.  W.  Wallace  in 
a  work  entitled,  The  Reporters  chronologically  arranged,  &c."— 
Marvin's  Legal  Bibl. 

The  second  edition  of  Wallace's  Reporters  was  pub.  in 
Philadelphia,  1845.  The  third  edition,  almost  entirely 
rewritten,  much  extended  and  enlarged,  was  pub.  Phila 
delphia,  1855,  Svo. 

Bridgman,  Thomas,  b.  1795,  at  Northampton,  Mas 
sachusetts.  1.  Inscriptions  on  the  Monuments  and  Tomb 
stones  in  the  Burying  Ground  of  Northampton,  <fec.  2.  Me 
morials  of  the  Dead  in  Boston,  with  the  Inscriptions  on  the 
Monuments  and  Tombstones  in  Copp's  Hill  Burying 
Ground.  3.  Memorials  of  the  Dead  in  Boston,  with  In 
scriptions  on  the  Monuments  and  Tombstones  in  King's 
Chapel  Burying  Ground. 

Bridgwater,  Benjamin.  Religio  Bibliopolae;  in 
imitation  of  Dr.  Browne's  Religio  Medici,  with  a  supple- 
mei.*  to  it,  Lon.,  1691,  Svo. 

"Hs  was  of  Trinity  College  in  Cambridge,  and  M.  A.  His  ge 
nius  was  very  rich,  and  ran  much  upon  Poetry,  in  which  he  ex 
celled.  He  was,  in  part,  Author  of  '  Religio  Bibliopolae.'  But, 
alas!  in  the  issue,  Wine  and  Love  were  the  ruin  of  this  ingenious 
Gentleman." — Bunion's  Life  and  Errors,  177. 

The  other  "  author  in  part"  of  Religio  Bibliopolae  is 
supposed  to  have  been  no  less  a  person  than  that  odd 
member  of  the  profession,  John  — not  "  glorious  John" — 
but  gossiping  John,  himself.  But  the  authorship  of  this 
work  has  been  attributed  to  another  person. 

Briganti,  Joseph  E.  India  Raw  Silk,  Lon.,  1779,  Svo 
Briggs,  Charles  F.,  b.  at  Nantucket,  resides  in 
New  York,  has  gained  some  celebrity  as  the  author  of 
Harry  Franco,  a  Tale  of  the  Great  Panic,  2  vols.  1837 
The  Haunted  Merchant,  1843.  Working  a  Passage,  o 
Life  in  a  Liner,  1844.  The  Trippings  of  Tom  Pepper,  an 
Autobiography.  In  connection  with  Mr.  John  Bisco  he 
originated  The  Broadway  Journal,  and  for  some  time  he 
had  the  editorial  charge  of  Putnam's  Monthly  Magazine, 
New  York.  Mr.  B.  has  also  some  pretensions  to  artistic- 
taste.  Some  of  his  opinions  upon  pictures  will  be  found 
in  the  Broadway  Journal. 
246 


Passage  to  the  South  Sea,  Lon.,  1652,  4to.;  reprinted  in 
Purchas's  Pilgrims,  vol.  iii.  852.  Among  the  sons  of 
English  mathematical  science,  it  is  doubtful  if  there  have 
arisen  a  greater  than  Henry  Briggs.  The  illustrious  Isaac 
Barrow,  the  learned  Dr.  Smith,  the  profound  Gataker  and 
Oughtred  concur  in  celebrating  the  praises  of  the  "mirror 
of  the  age  for  his  excellent  skill  in  Geometry." 

"  Vir  doctrina  clarus,  stupor  mathernaticorum.  rnoribus  ac  vita 
ntegerrimus,&c." — Register  of  Merton  College. 

See  Athen.  Oxon.;  Biog.  Brit;  Life  in  Smith's  Vitaa 
Erudit. ;  Ward's  Gresharn  Professors ;  Martin's  Lives  of 
the  Philosophers ;  Lilly's  Life  and  Times. 
Briggs,  J.  Sermons,  1775,  '77,  8vo. 
Briggs,  James,  Surgeon.  Practical  Obs.  on  Diseases 
of  the  Eye,  Lon.,  1806,  Svo.  An  Index  to  the  Anatomical, 
Medical,  Chirurgical,  and  Physiological  Papers  contained 
in  the  Transactions  of  the  Royal  Society  of  London,  from 
the  commencement  of  that  work,  to  the  end  of  the  year 
1817;  chronologically  and  alphabetically  arranged,  Lon., 
1818,  4to.  By  means  of  this  valuable  index  a  vast  amount 
of  scientific  lore  is  rendered  easily  accessible. 

Briggs,  John,  Lt.-Col.  in  the  Madras  Army.     1.  The 
History  of  the  Rise  of  the  Mahominedan  Power  in  India 
till  the  Year  A.D.  1612;  trans,  from  the  Persian  of  Ma 
homed  Kasiin  Ferishta,  Lon.,  1829,  4  vols.  8vo.     2.  Land- 
Tax  in   India,   1830,  Svo.     3.    Hussein-Khan's   Mahom- 
medan  Power  in  India ;    revised  by  J.  B. :  vol.  i.,  1832, 
Svo.     4.  State  of  the  Cotton-Trade  in  India,  1839,  Svo. 
Briggs,  Joseph.     Theolog.  treatises,  1675,  &c. 
Briggs,  Richard.  English  Art  of  Cookery,  1788,  Svo. 
Briggs,  Robert,  M.D.     Con.  to  Nic.  Jour.,  1804. 
Briggs,  William,  M.D.,  b.  about  1650,  d.  1704,  a 
native  of  Norwich,  England,  was  educated  at  Bene't  Col 
lege,  Cambridge.     He  was  Physician-in-Ordinary  to  Wil 
liam  III.,  and  celebrated  for  his  skill  in  diseases  of  the  eye. 
Ophthalmographia,  Camb.,  1676,  Svo;  2d  edit,,  1687.  In 
1685,  at  the  request  of  Mr.  (afterwards  Sir)  Isaac  Newton, 
he  pub.  a  Latin  version  of  his  Theory  of  Vision :  to  this 
there  is  prefixed  a  recommendatory  epistle  by  Newton. 
The  papers  upon  the  New  Theory  of  Vision  will  be  found 
in  Phil.  Trans.,  1681,  4to.     He  contributed  some  other 
papers  to  Phil.  Trans.,  1684. 

Brigham,  Amariah,  M.D.,  179S-1849,  b.  in  Berk 
shire  co.,  Mass.,  Supt.  of  the  Retreat  for  the  Insane  at 
Hartford,  1840-42,  and  became  Supt.  of  the  N.Y.  State 
Lunatic  Asylum  at  Utica,  1843.  1.  Asiatic  Cholera,  1832. 
2.  Influence  of  Religion  on  Health,  1835,  12mo.  3.  Dis 
eases  of  the  Brain,  1836,  12mo.  4.  Remarks  on  the  In 
fluence  of  Mental  Cultivation  and  Mental  Excitement  upon 
Health,  1845, 12mo.  5.  Utica  Asylum  Souvenir,  1849, 18mo. 
Brigham,  Rev.  Charles  H.,  born  Boston,  1820. 
Letters  of  Foreign  Travel,  2  vols.  Life  of  the  Rev.  Simeon 
Daggett.  Numerous  Pamphlets,  Sermons,  <fec. 

Brigham,  Nicholas,  d.  1559,  educated  at  Hart  Hall, 
Oxford.  Memoirs,  by  way  of  Diary,  in  12  Books.  Mis 
cellaneous  Poems. 

Bright,  George,  D.D.  Theolog.  treatises,  Lon., 
1678-1699. 

Bright,  Henry.  The  Praxis  in  English  and  Latin 
Exercises,  Oxf.,  1783. 

Bright,  J.  H.,  1804-1837,  a  native  of  Salem,  Massa 
chusetts,  contributed  under  the  signature  of  "Viator,"  a 
number  of  poetical  pieces  to  the  periodicals  of  the  day. 


BRI 


BRI 


Bright,  Richard,  M.D.  Travels  from  Vienna 
through  Lower  Hungary,  1818,  4to. 

"  Agriculture  and  statistics  form  the  principal  topics  of  this  vo- 
lume,  which  could  have  been  equally  valuable  and  much  more  in 
teresting  if  the  matter  had  been  more  compressed." — STEVENSON. 

Bright,  Timothy,  M.D.,  d.  1616,  Rector  of  Methley 
in  Yorkshire.  De  Dyscrasia  Corporis  Humani,  Lon.,  1583, 
12mo.  Hygiene,  <fce.,  Lon.,  1583,  Svo.  Medicina  Thera- 
peutica,  Lon.,  1588,  8vo.  Animadversiones  in  G.  A.  Scri- 
bonii,  Cantab.,  1584,  8vo.  A  Treatise  of  Melancholic, 
Lon.,  1586,  12mo.  It  has  been  supposed  by  some  that 
Burton  took  the  hint  of  his  Anatomy  of  Melancholy  from 
this  treatise.  Charactery;  an  Arte  of  short,  swift,  and 
secrete  Writing  by  character,  Lon.,  1588,  24mo. 

"  In  this  very  ingenious  work  Bright  claims  the  invention  of 
the  art.  It  is  dedicated  to  Q.  Elizabeth." 

Abridgement  of  the  Book  of  Acts  and  Monuments,  Lon., 
1589,  4to. 

Brightland,  John.  Grammat.  works, <fcc.,1711-14,etc. 

Brightley,  Chas.,  Printer.  Method  of  Casting  Stereo 
type,  as  practised  by  the  author,  Bungay,  Suffolk,  1809, 8vo. 

Brightly,  Frederick  Charles,  b.  1812,  in  Eng 
land;  emigrated  to  U.S.  1831;  member  Phila.  Bar,  1839. 
Treatise  on  Law  of  Costs,  Svo.  Nisi  Prius  Reports,  1851, 
8vo.  Equitable  Jurisdiction  of  the  Courts  of  Penna.,  1855, 
Svo.  Edited  Purdon's  Digest  of  Laws  of  Penna.,  8th  ed., 
1858,  Svo;  Binns's  Justice,  6th  ed.,  1855,  Svo.  An  Ana 
lytical  Digest  of  the  Laws  of  the  United  States,  from  the 
Adoption  of  the  Constitution  to  the  End  of  the  XXXIV. 
Congress,— 1796-1857,  Phila.,  1858,  Svo,  1142  pp.  Highly 
commended  by  Chief-Justice  Taney. 

Brightman,  Thomas,  1557-1607,  an  English  Puri 
tan  divine,  was  educated  at  Queen's  College,  Cambridge. 
Apocalypsis  Analysi  et  Scholiis,  Ac.,  Franc.,  1609,  4to; 
trans,  into  English,  Lon.,  1644,  fol. 

"  This  work  the  Puritan  divine  persuaded  himself  and  others 
was  written  under  the  influence  of  divine  inspiration." 

He  pub.  a  work  on  the  Canticles,  and  on  a  portion  of 
the  Book  of  Daniel  in  Latin,  Basil,  1614,  8vo.  His  Ex 
plication  of  the  last  and  most  difficult  part  of  the  prophet 
Daniel  was  pub.  in  English,  Lon.,  1635,  1664,  4to. 

"The  great  object  of  this  Puritan's  system  of  prophecy,  both  in 
this  work,  and  in  his  Revelation  Revealed,  is  to  prove  that  the  Pope 
is  that  antichrist  whose  reign  is  limited  to  1290  days  or  years;  and 
who  is  then  foredoomed  by  God  to  utter  destruction." — LOWNDES. 

Predictions  and  Prophecies  written  46  years  since  con 
cerning  the  three  Churches  of  Germanie,  England,  and 
Scotland,  1641,  4to. 

Brightwell,  Richard,  a  name  assumed  by  JOHN 
FRITH. 

Brimble,  William.    Poems,  1767,  Svo. 

Brimsmead,  William,  first  minister  of  Marlborough, 
Massachusetts.  Election  Sermons,  1681. 

Brinckle,  William  Draper,  A.M.,  M.D.,  b.  1798, 
Kent  co.,  Del.;  grad.  at  Princeton,  1816 ;  an  eminent  porno- 
logist.  1.  Remarks  on  Entomology,  chiefly  in  reference  to 
Agricultural  Benefit,  Phila.,  1852,  Svo.  2.  American  Po- 
mologist,  Phila.,  1853,  4to,  coloured  plates.  This  work 
was  never  completed.  Has  contributed  to  various  journals 
many  valuable  papers  on  medical  subjects  and  on  pomology. 

Brinckmair,  L.     Warnings  of  Germany,  Lon.,  1683. 

Brindley,  James,  1716-1772,  a  Civil  Engineer  of 
remarkable  genius.  Reports  relative  to  a  Navigable  Com 
munication  betwixt  the  Friths  of  Forth  and  Clyde ;  with 
Observations,  Edin.,  1768, 4to ;  in  conjunction  with  Thomas 
Yeoman,  F.R.S.,  and  John  Golborne. 

Brine,  John,  1703-1765,  a  Calvinist  Baptist  minister, 
stationed  at  Cripplegate,  London.  His  works  comprise 
7  vols.  Svo.  Treatise  on  Various  Subjects,  1743,  '56;  new 
edit.,  revised  by  James  Upton,  Lon.,  1813,  8vo.  A  Vindi 
cation  of  some  truths  of  Natural  and  Revealed  Religion, 
in  answer  to  James  Foster,  1746,  Svo.  Certain  Efficacy 
Of  the  Death  of  Christ  Asserted,  1743,  Svo. 

"Brine's  Treatises  are  singularly  excellent." — RYLAND. 

"  He  is  a  powerful  writer,  though  some  of  his  doctrinal  state 
ments,  as  it  appears  to  the  author,  are  pushed  beyond  what  the 
Scripture  warrants." — BICKERSTETH. 

Bringhurst,  Isaac,  D.D.     Sermons,  Lon.,  1689,  fol. 

Bringhurst,  J.     Sermon,  1749,  4to. 

Brinkley,  John,  1763-1836,  Bishop  of  Cloyne,  gra 
duated  at  Caius  College,  Cambridge,  B.A.,  1788.  He  was 
eminent  for  his  knowledge  of  mathematical  science  and 
astronomy.  Elements  of  Plane  Astronomy,  1822,  Svo; 
the  6th  edit,  was  edited  with  notes  by  the  Rev.  Dr.  Luby. 

"  Admirable  lectures  on  Astronomy." — Lon.  Quarterly  Review. 

The  bishop  contributed  a  number  of  mathematical  pa 
pers  to  Trans.  Irish  Society,  1800,  and  to  Phil.  Trans., 
1807,  '10. 

Brinley,  John.  A  Discovery  of  the  Impostures  of 
Witches  and  Astrologers,  Lon.,  1680,  Svo.  Discourse  prov 


ing  by  Scripture  and  Reason  that  there  are  Witches,  Lon., 
1686,  Svo. 

Brinsley,  John,  1600-1665,  a  Nonconformist  divine, 
nephew  of  the  celebrated  Bishop  Hall,  was  admitted  of 
Emanuel  College,  Cambridge,  at  the  age  of  thirteen  and 
a  half.  He  pub.  several  theological  and  educational  works, 
1612-64.  His  Ludus  Literarius,  or  the  Grammar  School, 
Lon.,  1612,  4to,  was  reprinted  in  1627  with  a  preface  by 
his  uncle,  Bishop  Hall. 

"  He  appears  to  have  been  inflexible  in  the  points  which  divided 
so  large  a  body  of  clergymen  from  the  Church." 

Brinsley,  John,  son  of  the  former.  Theolog.  treatises, 
Lon.,  1651,  '52,  '55,  Svo. 

Brinsley,  William.    Discourses  in  1667,  Svo. 

Brisbane,  John,  M.D.  Select  Cases  in  the  Practice 
of  Medicine,  Lon.,  1762-72,  Svo.  Anatomy  of  Painting, 
Lon.,  1769,  fol.  In  this  work  will  be  found  the  six  Tables 
of  Albinus,  the  anatomy  of  Celsus,  with  notes,  and  the 
Physiology  of  Cicero. 

Brisbane,  Maj.  Gen.  Sir  Thomas.  Mathemafc 
Con.  to  Ed.  Phil.  Trans.,  1817. 

Brisman.     Eng.  and  Swedish  Lexicon,  1814,  Svo. 

Bristead,  John.     Theolog.  treatises,  1743,  '50,  4to. 

Bristed,  Charles  Astor,  b.  city  of  N.York,  1820,  son 
of  Rev.  John  Bristed,  and  grandson  of  John  Jacob  Astor, 
founder  of  the  Astor  Library.  After  completing  his  studies 
at  Yale  Coll.,  he  entered  the  Univ.  of  Cambridge,  Eng.,  where 
he  remained  five  years,  and  took  the  degree  of  B.A.  at 
Trinity  Coll.,  1845.  1.  Selections  from  Catullus,  1849,  re 
vised  and  edited  with  additional  notes.  2.  Letter  to  the 
Hon.  Horace  Mann ;  being  a  Reply  to  Certain  Attacks  on 
Stephen  Girard  and  John  Jacob  Astor  in  a  work  entitled 
"Thoughts  for  a  Young  Man."  3.  The  Upper  Ten  Thou 
sand,  New  York,  1852,  12mo.  4.  Five  Years  in  an  Eng 
lish  University,  New  York,  1852,  2  vols.  12mo;  2d  edit., 
1852,  condensed  into  1  vol.  by  the  omission  of  certain  Uni 
versity  Examination  Exercises.  The  American  public  are 
debtors  to  Mr.  Bristed  for  the  valuable  information  drawn 
from  his  own  experience  in  an  English  university.  In  a 
country  like  America — whilst  we  make  our  boast  of  "a  mob 
of  gentlemen  who  write  with  ease" — ripe  classical  scholar 
ship  is  too  apt  to  be  undervalued. 

Bristed,  Ezekiel.     Sermon,  1715,  Svo. 

Bristed,  Rev.  John,  1778-1855,  b.  Dorsetshire,  Eng., 
son  of  a  clergyman  of  the  Established  Church,  and  father 
of  C.  A.  Bristed,  (ante.}  Educated  at  Winchester  Coll. 
and  studied  Medicine  at  Edinburgh.  For  two  years  a  pupil 
in  the  law-office  of  the  celebrated  Mr.  Chitty.  In  1820  he 
became  Rectoj  of  St.  Michael's  Church,  Bristol,  R.I., 
having  succeeded  Bishop  Griswold.  A  Pedestrian  Tour 
through  part  of  the  Highlands  of  Scotland  in  1801,  Lon., 

1804,  2  vols.  Svo.    Grit,  and  Philosoph.  Essays,  1804, 12mo. 
The  System  of  the  Society  of  Friends  Examined,  Lon., 

1805,  Svo.     Edward  and  Anna,  or  A  Picture  of  Human 
Life;  a  Novel,  1805,  2  vols.  12mo.     The  Resources  of  the 
United  States  of  America,  <fcc.,  New  York,  1818,  Svo;  re 
printed  in  London  under  the  title  of  America  and  her  Re 
sources,  &c.,  1818,  Svo. 

"  Mr.  Bristed's  '  eight  years'  have,  we  fear,  been  spent  to  very 
little  purpose,  if  they  have  not  been  more  profitable  to  himself 
than  his  '  voluminous  masses  of  materials  relating  to  our  Federa 
tive  Republic,'  are  likely  to  be  to  the  world.  He  has  certainly, 
however,  improved,  both  in  style  and  matter,  since  we  made  our 
first  acquaintance  with  him  as  an  author,  which  it  was  our  fortune 
to  do  some  years  since,  in  the  character  of  a  pedestrian  traveller 
into  the  Highlands  of  Scotland.  .  .  .  We  conclude  with  declaring, 
that  however  valuable  a  citizen  may  have  been  acquired  in  Mr. 
Bristed,  and  however  zealous  he  may  be  for  the  interest  of  his 
adopted  country,  it  is  our  sincere  hope,  that  this,  his  intellectual 
offspring,  may  always  be  considered  alien  from  our  literary  com 
munity." — North  American  Review,  vii.  1818. 

"  We  cannot  avoid  regarding  Mr.  Bristed  with  some  degree  of 
respect.  His  struggles  are  evident.  In  writing  his  book,  his 
pride  in  his  native  country,  which  all  his  republicanism  has  been 
unable  to  overcome,  has  frequently  had  to  contend  with  the  flat 
tering  but  unsubstantial  prospect  with  which  the  prophetic  folly 
that  ever  accompanies  democracy  has  impressed  his  mind  to  a  de 
gree  almost  equalling  that  of  the  vain  people  with  whom  he  ia 
domiciled,"  Ac. — Lon.  Quar.  Rev. 

Thoughts  on  the  Anglican  and  Anglo- Amer.  Churches; 
being  a  Reply  to  Mr.  Wilks's  Work  on  Correlative  Claims 
and  Duties,  New  York  and  London.  See  Eclectic  Review 
for  January,  1823. 

Bristol,  John,  Bishop  of.     See  THORNBOROUGH. 

Bristol,  Earls  of.     See  DIGBY,  GEORGE,  JOHN. 

Briston,  Mrs.  A.  Trans,  of  the  Maniac;  and  Poems, 
original  and  trans.,  1810,  12mo. 

Bristow,  J.  A.     A  New  Song  to  an  Old  Tune,  1811. 

Bristow,  James.  Narr.  of  his  Sufferings  in  Cap 
tivity  in  India  for  Ten  Years,  Lon.,  1793,  Svo. 

247 


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Bristow,  J.  C.   Poet.  Works,  Lon.,  1850,  5  vols.  p.  8vo. 

Bristow,  Richard,  1538-1581,  a  noted  advocate  of 
the  Church  of  Rome,  was  entered  of  Christ  Church  Col 
lege,  Oxford,  in  1555;  B.A.,  1559;  M.A.,  1562;  Fellow  of 
Exeter  College,  1567.  Dr.  Allen  made  him  the  first  mo 
derator  in  the  English  College  founded  by  him  at  Douay, 
and  Bristow  was  the  first  member  of  that  college  who  be- 
came'a  priest.  A  Brief  Treatise,  <fcc. ;  or,  Motives  unto  the 
Catholic  Faith,  Antwerp,  1574,  16mo;  trans,  into  Latin, 
Douay,  1608,  4to. 

"The  said  book  contains,  with  great  perspicuity,  order,  and  art, 
divers  most  excellent  works,  whereby  to  discern  in  religion  the 
true  judgment  of  the  Catholic  Church  from  the  false  vanity  of  the 
heretics,  &c.:  it  is  also  in  all  points  catholic,  learned,  and  worthy 
to  be  read  and  printed."— D.  W.  ALLEN. 

This  work  led  to  a  controversy  with  Dr.  Will.  Fulke,  of 
Cambridge,  and  several  books  were  published.  Tubula, 
Ac.  St.  Thomse  Aquinatis,  1579.  Fifty-one  Demands  to 
be  proposed  by  Catholics  to  Hereticks,  Lon.,  1592,  4to. 
He  was  concerned  in  the  trans,  of  the  Old  and  New  Testa 
ment  pub.  at  Rheims,  and  wrote  many  of  the  commen 
taries  in  the  latter.  See  ALAN,  WILLIAM.  Veritates  Aureae 
S.  R.  Ecclesiae  Autoritabus  vet.  Patrum,  &c.,  1616. 

Bristow,  W.     Corporation  Acts,  Lon.,  1789,  8vo. 

Bristow,  Whitsen.    Poems,  Lon.,  1811,  8vo. 

Britain,  Jonathan.  His  life,  written  by  himself, 
1772,  8vo. 

Britaine,  William  de.  The  Dutch  Usurpation,  and 
their  Behaviour  to  the  Kings  of  Great  Britain,  Lon.,  1672, 
4to;  reprinted  in  Harleian  Miscellany,  vol.  iii.  The  In 
terest  of  England  in  the  Present  War  with  Holland,  Lon., 
1672,  4to.  On  Human  Prudence;  or,  The  Way  by  which  a 
Man  may  raise  himself  to  Fortune  and  Grandeur,  Lon., 
1693,  1702,  8vo;  1710,  12mo. 

Brittle,  Miss  Emily.  The  Indian  Guide;  or,  A 
Journal  of  a  Voyage  to  the  East  Indies  in  the  Year  1780; 
in  a  Poetical  Epistle  to  her  mother,  Calcutta,  1785,  8vo. 

Britton,  John,  1771-1857,  born  at  Kingston  St. 
Michael,  near  Chippenham,  Wiltshire,  one  of  the  most 
eminent  antiquaries  of  modern  times,  commenced  author 
ship  in  an  humble  way  by  compiling  some  street-song 
books,  and  an  account  of  the  (1.)  Surprising  Adventures  of 
Pizarro.  Some  short  notices  prepared  for  the  Sporting 
Magazine  made  him  acquainted  with  Mr.  Wheble,  its  pub 
lisher  ;  and  to  the  connexion  thus  formed  Mr.  Britton  owed 
his  introduction  into  the  career  which  he  so  long  and  ho 
nourably  pursued.  2.  Voyages  of  Columbus  and  Cortes, 
Lon.,  1799,  8vo.  3.  Beauties  of  Wiltshire,  Lon.,  1801,  2 
vols.  8vo:  vol.  iii.,  1825.  4.  The  Architectural  Antiquities 
of  Great  Britain,  Lon.,  1805-26,  5  vols.  4to. 

"  This  is  a  truly  splendid  and  interesting  production,-*-scientific 
enough  to  excite  professional  attention,  and  sufficiently  picturesque 
and  diversified  to  afford  an  ample  treat  to  the  general  reader.  It  does 
high  credit  to  the  taste  and  industry  of  the  indefatigable  author, 
and  is  a  real  honour  to  the  country." — New  Annual  Register,  1815. 

5.  The  Cathedral  Antiquities  of  Great  Britain,  1814-32, 
311  engravings,  6  vols.  4to,  £33;  large  paper,  £55. 

"The  task  which  Browne  Willis  left  imperfect  has  been  under 
taken  by  Mr.  Britton,  who  has  contributed  more  than  any  other 
person  to  the  illustration  of  our  architectural  antiquities." — Lon. 
Quarterly  Review,  Sept.  1826. 

6.  Picturesque  Antiquities  of  English  Cities,  1830,  r.  4to. 
T.  Union  of  Architecture,  Sculpture,  and  Painting,  1827, 
r.  fol.     8.  Fine  Arts  of  the  English  School,  1812.     9.  A 
Dictionary   of  the   Architecture   and   Archaeology  of  the 
Middle  Ages,  1830-38,  r.  8vo,  imp.  4to.    10.  An  Historical 
and  Architectural    Essay   relating   to   Redcliffe   Church, 
Bristed,  1813,  4to.     11.  Fonthill  Abbey,  1823.    12.  Public 
Buildings  of  London,  from  drawings  by  A.  Pugin,  1828- 
33,  2  vols.  r.  8vo.  13.  Historical  Notices  of  Windsor  Castle, 
1842.    14.  Memoir  of  John  Aubrey,  1845.    15.  The  Author 
ships  of  the  Letters  of  Junius  Elucidated,  1848. 

We  regret  that  we  have  not  space  for  the  enumeration 
of  Mr.  B.'s  other  praiseworthy  publications,  87  in  all.  See 
a  Brief  Memoir  of  his  Life  and  Writings  in  the  3d  vol.  of 
the  Beauties  of  Wiltshire,  and  Autobiography,  1849,  '50, 
2  vols.  r.  8vo  and  4to. 
.  "  We  are  persuaded  that  to  him,  more  than  to  any  other  indi 
vidual,  we  are  indebted  for  a  rapidly  progressive  improvement  in 
the  pictorial  delineations  of  our  architectural  antiquities."— ion, 
Gent.  Mag.,  April,  1816. 

"  Mr.  Britton  stands  conspicuous  among  the  labourers  on  the 
more  liberal  and  pleasing  traits  of  antiquarianism.  He  has  long 
been  contributing  largely  to  the  gratification  of  a  rational  taste 
for  what  may  be  called  the  monuments  of  past  ages." — Edecti 
Review,  May,  1816. 

"  Mr.  Britton's  life  is  one  of  usefulness, — an  example  to  the  i 
dustrious,  a  stimulus  to  the  young,  in  every  rank  of  society,  wh 
may  be  ambitious  to  tread  the  paths  of  literature  with  honour  to 
themselves  and  benefit  to  the  public."— ion.  Lit.  Gazette,  Oct.  1825 

"Mr  Britton  is  not  a  man  of  marked  originality  or  great  mental 
power;  but,  as  a  careful  and  diligent  writer  in  a  branch  of  litera- 
P  248 


.ure  which  had  been  cultivated  chiefly  by  minute  antiquarians,  he 
did  excellent  service  in  calling  the  attention  of  the  educated  public 
Q  the  long-neglected  topographical  and  architectural  antiquities 
jf  England:  there  can  be  little  doubt  that  his  elegantly-illustrated 
works  have  been  a  chief  exciting  cause  in  bringing  about  the  im 
proved  state  of  public  feeling  with  reference  to  our  national  anti 
quities."—  Knight's  Eng.  Cyc.,  Div.  Bwg.,  vol.  i.,  q.  v. 
See  BRAYLEY,  EDWARD  WEDLAKE. 
Britton,  Nich.     Bowre  of  Delights,  Lon.,  1597,  4to; 
doubtless  the  same  as  NICH.  BRETON,  (q.  v.) 

Britton,  Thomas  Hopkins.  Horse  Sacramentales: 
The  Sacramental  Articles  of  the  Church  of  England  vin 
dicated  from  Recent  Misrepresentations,  <fec. 

"A  very  elaborate  and  learned  work,  detailing  sentiments  of  th 
Reformers  in  opposition  to  the  views  of  Mr.  Gorharn." — English 
Review. 

Broackes,  William.  Constipation  treated  Homeo- 
pathically,  Lon.,  12mo.  Cutaneous  Diseases  treated  Ho 
meopathic  ally,  12mo.  Observations  on  Homeopathic  Doc 
trines,  12mo. 

Broad,  orBrodseus,  Thomas,  1577-1639,  an  Eng 
lish  divine.  A  Touchstone  for  a  Christian,  1618,  12mo. 
On  the  Sabbath,  1621,  '27,  4to. 

Broadbent.     Domestick  Coffe  Man,  Lon.,  1720,  4to. 
Broadbent,  William.     Sermons,  1816,  12mo. 
Broadhurst,  Edward.     Sermons,  1733,  8vo. 
Broadhurst,  Rev.  Thomas.     Address  on  Defence 
of  Country,  1803.     To  Young  Ladies  on  the  Improvement 
of  their  Mind,  1808,  12mo;  2d  edit.,  1813.     Funeral  Ora 
tions  on  Military  Men;  from  the  Greek,  1812,  8vo.     Sub 
stance  of  a  Speech  against  the  Proposed  Alteration  in  the 
Corn-Laws,  1814,  8vo. 

Broadley,  John.     Pandora's  Box,  1801,  8vo. 
Broadley,  Robert.    Lectures  on  the  Services,  Creeds, 
and  Offices  of  the  Church  of  England,  Lon.,  1836,  8vo. 
Broadley,  Thomas.    Religion  of  Moses,  1805,  8vo. 
Brocardus,  Francis.     His  Alcoran  against  Popish 
Plots  and  Conspiracies,  Lon.,  1679,  4to. 

Brocas,  J.     Calvinism  Unmasked,  1812,  8vo. 
Brock,  Irving.     Patriots  and  Whigs  the  most  dan 
gerous  Enemies  of  the  State,  1810,  Svo.     Bernier's  Travels 
in  the  Mogul  Empire;  from  the  French,  Lon.,  1826, 2  vols.  8vo. 
"  A  good  translation  of  this  excellent  old  traveller." — Lon.  Quar. 
Review. 

Brock,  Thomas.  The  Importance  of  Religion  to 
the  Military  Life,  1801,  4to.  Infancy;  a  Poem,  18i6,  Svo. 
Brock,  Thomas.  An  affectionate  address  to  the 
members  of  the  Church  of  England,  in  which  the  most 
popular  arguments  for  separation  are  considered  and  re 
futed,  Guernsey,  1826,  Svo. 

"  A  truly  pious  and  excellent  address  in  favour  of  the  Church 
of  England."— BICKERSTETH. 

Brockedon,  W.,  1787-1854.   Excursions  in  the  Alps, 
1845,  Svo,     Views  in  Italy,  1842-44,  imp.  4to,  £5  10s. 
"  A  work  of  equal  interest  and  beauty." — Lon.  Athenseum.    ty.v 
"  We  gladly  welcome  it  as  an  able  specimen  of  what  can  be  done 
in  England  by  the  draughtsman  and  the  engraver." — Lon.  Lit.  Gaz. 
Road-Book  from  London  to  Naples,  1S35,  Svo. 
"One  of  the  most  useful,  compact,  and  elegant  works  of  the  kind 
that  we  have  seen." — Lon.  Spectator. 

Passes  of  the  Alps,  illustrated  by  119  superb  engravings, 
1828,  2  vols.  4to;  largest  paper,  India  Proofs  and  Etchings, 
pub.  at  £63 ;  6  copies  printed. 

"One  of  the  most  valuable  and  interesting  works  of  modern 
times.  We  have  no  hesitation  in  stating  that  a  volume  of  more 
uniform  excellence  has  never  been  published  in  England." — Brit. 
Magazine. 

"  Much  information  will  be  obtained  from  Mr.  Brockedon's  most 
beautiful  work  on  the  Passes  of  the  Alps." — Dis.  on  the  Passage  of 
Hannibal  over  the  Alps,  by  H.  L.  Wickftam,  A.M.,  and  the  Rev.  S.  A. 
Cramer,  A.M.,  Oxford. 

Brockett,  John  Trotter,  1788-1842,  an  antiquary 
of  some  note,  and  the  owner  of  a  very  curious  library  and 
a  valuable  collection  of  coins  and  medals.  His  coins  and 
medals,  sold  June,  1823,  produced  nearly  £2000.  His  li 
brary,  sold  December,  1823,  produced  upwards  of  £4000. 
Selecta  Numismata  Aurea  Imperatorum  Romanorum  ex 
Museo  J.  T.  Brockett,  Nov.  Cast.,  1822;  32  copies  Svo 
and  2  cr.  4to.  Glossary  of  North-Country  Words,  New 
castle,  1825,  cr.  Svo;  2d  edit.,  2  vols.  p.  8vo. 

Brocklesby,  or  Brockwell,  Charles.  Church 
Hist,  of  Gr.  Britain,  Lon.,  1718,  Svo.  Hist,  of  Portugal, 
Brazil,  &c.,  17?6,  Svo. 

Brocklesby,  John,  b.  1811,  Eng;  came  to  U.S. 
1820;  grad.  at  Yale  Coll.,  1835;  Prof.  Math.  Ac.  Trinity 
Coll.,  Hartford,  1842-58.  1.  Elements  of  Meteorology; 
15th  ed.,  1858,  12mo.  Highly  recommended  by  Denison 
Olmsted,  LL.D.,  J.  L.  Comstock,  M.D.,  Benj.  Sillunan, 
LL.D.,  and  others.  Republished  in  England  and  Scotland. 
2.  Views  of  the  Microscopic  World,  12mo.  3.  Elements  of 
Astronomy,  12mo.  4.  Common-School  Astronomy. 


BRO 


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Brocklesby,  Richard.  An  Explication  of  the  Gos 
pel-theism,  and  the  Divinity  of  the  Christian  Religion, 
Lon.,  1796,  fol. 

"  A  learned  and  curious  work." — LOWNDES. 

Brocklesby,  Richard,  M.D.,  1722-1797,  the  gene 
rous  friend  of  SamuelJohnson  and  Edmund  Burke,  deserves 
ever  to  be  held  in  honoured  remembrance.  Some  of  his 
profess,  essays  will  be  found  in  Phil.  Trans.  Abr.,  1747,  '55, 
and  in  Med.  Obs.  and  Inq.,  1767.  He  pub.  an  Essay  con 
cerning  the  Mortality  of  the  Horned  Cattle,  Lon.,  1746, 
8vo.  Economical  and  Med.  Observations,  1764,  8vo,  and 
some  other  works. 

"  As  an  instance  of  extraordinary  liberality,  Johnson  told  us 
that  Dr.  Brocklesby  had  upon  this  occasion  [his  contemplated 
journey  to  Italy,  for  the  restoration  of  his  health]  offered  him  a 
hundred  [pounds]  a  year  for  his  life.  A  grateful  tear  started  into 
his  eye,  as  he  spoke  this  in  a  faltering  tone." — BOSWELL. 

He  also  urged  Dr.  Johnson  to  live  with  him,  that  ho 
might  have  him  continually  under  his  care. 

"  My  physician  in  ordinary  is  Dr.  Brocklesby,  who  comes  almost 
every  day." — Johnson  to  Mrs.  Thrale,  London,  Oct.  6, 1783. 

"  The  kind  attention  which  you  have  so  long  shown  to  my 
health  and  happiness  makes  it  as  much  a  debt  of  gratitude  as  a 
call  of  interest  to  give  you  an  account  of  what  befalls  me,  when 
accident  removes  me  from  your  immediate  care.  .  .  .  You  write 
to  me  with  a  zeal  that  animates,  and  a  tenderness  that  melts,  me." 
— Johnson  to  Brocklesby,  a  few  months  before  Johnson's  death. 

This  benevolent  man  had  placed  Edmund  Burke's  name 
in  his  will  for  £1000,  but  considering  that  Burke  might 
die  first,  (which  he  did  by  five  months,)  he  insisted  upon 
presenting  him  with  the  money,  which  he  did  in  the  most 
handsome  manner. 

"  That  you  may  long  live, — for  talent  an  ornament  to  human 
kind,  and  for  your  country,  your  friends,  and  family,  the  same 
happy  man  in  prosperity,  as  you  have  ever  approved  yourself 
whilst  withdrawn  from  the  sunshine  of  a  court— this,  with  much 
more,  (if  any  thing  can  be  better,)  is  the  fervent  wish  of; 

My  dear  Burke, 
Your  sincere  and  ever  affectionate  humble  servant, 

London,  July  2, 1788.  RICHARD  BROCKLESBY." 

Brockwell,  Charles.     See  BROCKLESBY. 

Brockwell,  Joseph.  Exps.  of  the  Lord's  Prayer,1784. 

Brocq,  Philip  lie.     See  LEBROCK. 

Brodbelt,  F.R.,  M.D.  Con.  to  Mem.  Med.,  1799, 1805. 

Brodbelt,  G.  C.     Sermons,  1799,  Svo. 

Broderick,  Miss.  Cumberland  Cottage;  a  Tale, 
1813,  3  vols.  12rno. 

Broderick,  Sir  John.  Vindication  from  Aspersion, 
1690,  4to. 

Broderip,  William  John,  b.  at  Bristol,  and  was 
called  to  the  bar  in  1817;  a  distinguished  popular  natu 
ralist;  Fellow  Linnsean  Soc.,  1824;  Geol.  Soc.,  1825, 
Roy.  Soc.,  1828 ;  one  of  the  originators  of  the  Zoological 
Society,  and  its  Vice-President.  He  was  one  of  the  princi 
pal  contributors  to  the  Penny  Cyclopedia,  and  is  the  author 
of  the  chief  portion  of  the  Zoology  of  Knight's  English 
Cyclopedia.  After  editing  a  legal  work  on  Sewers,  he  pub., 
in  connection  with  P.  Bingham,  Reports  in  the  C.  Pleas, 
1819-22,  3  vols.  r.  Svo:  a  continuation  of  Taunton's  Re 
ports:  further  continued  by  Mr.  Bingham.  1.  Zoological 
Recreations,  Lon.,  1847;  3d  ed.,  1857,  p.  Svo. 

"  We  believe  we  do  not  exaggerate  in  saying  that,  since  the  pub 
lication  of  White's  Natural  History  of  Selborne,  and  of  the  Intro 
duction  to  Entomology,  by  Kirby  aud  Spence,  no  work  in  our  lan 
guage  is  better  calculated  than  the  Zoological  Recreations  to  fulfil 
the  avowed  aim  of  its  author,— to  furnish  a  hand-book  which  may 
cherish  or  awaken  a  love  for  natural  history." — Lon.  Quar.  Rev. 

2.  Leaves  from,  the  Note-Book  of  a  Naturalist.  1851 
p,  Svo. 

Brodhead,  John  Romeyn,  son  of  the  Rev.  Jacob 
Brodhead,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Philadelphia  in  1814 ;  gradu 
ated  at  Rutgers  College,  New  Brunswick,  N.  J.,  1831.  In 
1839  he  was  attached  to  the  U.  S.  Legation  at  the  Hague, 
and  in  1841  acted  as  agent  of  the  State  of  New  York 
to  procure  Historical  Documents  in  Europe.  In  1846  was 
appointed  Secretary  of  Legation  at  London  under  Mr. 
Bancroft  as  minister;  and  in  1853  became  Naval  Officer 
of  the  Port  of  New  York.  1.  An  Address  delivered  before 
the  N.  Y.  Historical  Society,  1844.  2.  Report  as  Historical 
Agent  of  the  State  of  N.  York,  1845.  3.  History  of  the 
State  of  N.  York.  First  period,  8vo,  1853.  4.  Address 
before  the  Clinton  Hall  Association,  N.  Y.,  1854,  Ac. 

Brodie,  Alexander.  History  of  the  Roman  Govern 
ment,  Lon.,  1810,  '14,  8vo.  Diary  of  A.  Brodie,  Edin., 
1740,  Svo. 

Brodie,  Sir  Benjamin  Collins,  Bart.,  b.  1783, 
serjeant-surgeon  to  Queen  Victoria,  which  post  he  held 
under  William  IV.  and  George  IV.,  was  a  student  of  Sir 
Everard  Home.  His  profession  is  said  to  produce  him 
£10,000  per  annum.  1.  Account  of  the  Dissection  of  the 
Human  Foetus,  in  which  the  circulation  of  the  blood  is 
carried  on  without  a  heart;  Phil.  Trans.,  1809.  2.  Physio 


logical  Researches  respecting  the  influence  of  the  Brain 
on  the  action  of  the  Heart  and  on  the  generation  of  ani 
mal  heat;  Phil.  Trans.,  1811.  3.  Experiments  and  Obser 
vations  on  the  different  modes  in  which  Death  is  produced 
by  certain  Vegetable  Poisons ;  Phil.  Trans.,  1811.  These 
papers  were  republished  with  Notes,  Lon.,  1831.  4.  Ex 
periments  and  Observations  on  the  Influence  of  the  Nerves 
of  the  Eighth  Pair  on  the  Secretions  of  the  Stomach;  Phil. 
Trans.,  1814.  5.  Local  Nervous  Affections,  1837,  Svo. 
6.  Lectures  illustrative  of  Various  Subjects  in  Pathology 
and  Surgery,  1846,  Svo. 

"  We  attach  a  very  high  value  to  these  Lectures.  Their  style  is 
clear,  demonstrative,  and  unaffected,  decided,  and  energetic,  but 
altogether  free  from  dogmatism  or  over-confidence.  They  are 
strictly  practical ;  and  much  of  the  information  which  they  con 
tain  will  assuredly  do  the  reader  and  his  patients  good  service  in 
time  of  need." — Medical  Gazette. 

7.  Pathological  and  Surgical  Observations  on  Diseases 
of  the  Joints,  1818,  Svo;  5th  ed.,  1850.  Several  editions 
of  this  valuable  work  have  been  published  in  the  U.S. 
8.  Lectures  on  the  Diseases  of  the  Urinary  Organs,  1832, 
Svo;  4th  ed.,  1849.  Republished  in  U.S.  9.  Psychological 
Inquiries,  1854,  12mo;  3d  ed.,  1856. 

Brodie,  George.  History  of  the  British  Empire, 
from  the  Accession  of  Charles  I.  to  the  Restoration,  4  vols. 
Svo,  1822.  Mr.  Brodie  brings  grave  charges  against 
Hume's  History. 

"  It  is  not  well  written  in  point  of  style,  and  the  author  must 
be  considered  as  a  writer  on  the  popular  side,  but  he  is  a  man  of 
research  and  independence  of  mind.  It  is  a  work  of  weight  and 
learning,  and  it  appears  to  me  forever  to  have  damaged,  and  most 
materially  damaged,  the  character  of  Mr.  Hume  as  an  accurate 
historian.  .  .  .  Mr.  Brodie  is  a  searcher  into  original  records." — 
Prof.  Smyth's  Lectures  on  Modern  History. 

Brodie,  James.    Medical  Con.  to  Phil.  Trans.,  1697. 

Brodie,  W.  D.     Reply  to  Calumnies,  1812. 

Brodrick,  Thomas.  Historia  Sacra,  Lon.,  1705, 
Svo.  Hist,  of  the  late  War  in  the  Netherlands,  Lon., 
1713,  2  vols.  Svo. 

Brodum,  William,  M.D.     Guide  to  Old  Age,  2  vols. 

Brogden,  James,  of  Trinity  College,  Cambridge. 
Catholic  Safeguards  against  Popery,  3  vols.  Svo,  Lon.,  1846. 

"  A  more  ample  treasury  is  now  placed  within  the  reach  of  the 
clergy  by  Mr.  Brogden's  useful  and  well-timed  publication,  Catho 
lic  Safeguards,  which  contain  a  selection  of  the  ablest  discourses 
on  the  errors  of  the  Church  of  Rome,  chosen  from  the  works  of 
our  eminent  divines  who  lived  during  the  17th  century." — Bishop 
of  London's  Charge. 

"  A  most  valuable  repository  of  the  ancient  armour  of  the 
Church  of  England  for  the  conflict  with  Rome." — Archdeacon  Har 
rison's  Charge. 

Illustrations  of  the  Liturgy  and  Ritual  of  the  United 
Church  of  England  and  Ireland,  3  vols.  p,  Svo,  Lon.,  1842. 

"I  may  be  permitted  to  recommend  a  selection  from  the  works 
of  the  great  divines  of  the  17th  century,  by  the  Rev.  James  Brog 
den,  as  a  most  valuable  addition  to  every  parochial  clergyman's,and, 
indeed,  to  every  churchman's,  library." — Bishop  of  Exeter's  Charge. 

"  Mr.  Brogden's  useful  Collection  of  Discourses  on  the  Liturgy 
and  Ritual  of  the  Church." — Bishop  of  London's  Charge. 

'  "  I  take  this  opportunity  of  recommending  it  to  a  place  in  every 
churchman's  library." — Archdeacon  Thorpe's  Charge. 

Brograve,  Sir  John.     Statute  on  Jointures,  1648. 

Brograve,  Robert.    A  Sermon,  1689,  4to. 

Brohier,  J.  H.     English  and  French  Cambist,  1818. 

Broke,  or  Brooke,  Arthur.  The  Tragicall  Historye 
of  Romeus  and  Juliet,  written  first  in  Italian  by  Bandell, 
nowe  in  Englishe  by  Ar  [thur]  Br  [oke],  Lon.,  by  Richard 
Tottill,  1562,  4to.  Agreemente  of  sondry  Places  of  Scrip 
ture,  seeming  in  shew  to  iarre,  serwing  in  stead  of  Com- 
mentaryes  not  only  for  these,  but  others  lyke.  Trans,  out 
of  French,  and  now  fyrst  publyshed  by  Arthur  Broke, 
Lon.,  1563,  Svo.  Tuberville  gives  us 

"  An  Epitaph  on  the  death  of  maister  Arthur  Brooke,  drowned 
in  passing  to  Newhaven," 
printed  with  his  Songs  and  Sonets,  1567. 

Broke,  John  Gardener.  His  Confession  of  the 
Christian  Faith.  Trans,  out  of  French,  Lon.,  1573,  '83,  Svo. 

Broke,  Sir  Robert.     See  BROOKE. 

Broke,  Thomas.     See  BROOKE. 

Brokesby,  Francis,  1637-1715,  Fellow  of  Trinity 
College,  Cambridge;  then  Rector  of  Rowley;  became  a 
Nonjuror.  Of  Education,  1710,  Svo.  A  Life  of  Christ. 
A  Letter  to  Hearne,  Oxf.,  1711,  Svo.  Church  History, 
1712,  Svo.  Life  of  Dodwell,  1715,  2  vols.  Svo.  He  also 
assisted  Nelson  in  the  compilation  of  his  Companion  to 
the  Festivals  and  Fasts. 

Broket,  John.     Sermon,  Lon.,  1642,  4to. 

Brokis,  James,  D.D.     Sermon,  Lon.,  1553,  Svo. 

Bromby,  J.  H.     Visitation  Sermon,  1809,  4to. 

Brome,  Alexander,  1620-1666,  an  attorney  in  Lord 
Mayor's  Court,  and  a  poet;  contributed  not  a  little  to  the 
promotion  of  the  Restoration  by  the  severity  and  ridicule 
witt  which  he  treated  the  Roundheads  in  the  day  of  their 

249 


BRO 


BRO 


power.  The  Cunning  Lovers;  a  Comedy,  Lon.,  1654,  4to. 
Fancy's  Festivals,  1657,  4to.  A  Congratulatory  Poem  on 
the  Miraculous  and  Glorious  Return  of  Charles  II.,  1660, 
fol.  Trans,  of  Horace,  by  Himself,  Fanshaw,  Holliday, 
Hawkins,  Cowley,  Ben  Jonson,  &c.  It  seems  he  had 
designed  to  translate  Lucretius.  He  pub.  2  vols.  of 
Richard  Brome's  plays.  Isaac  Walton  commends  Brome 
highly. 

Brome,  Edmund,  Fellow  of  St.  John's  College, 
Cambridge.  Sermons,  1709-12. 

Brome,  James.     Sermons,  1678-1707. 

Brome,  James.  Travels  over  Scotland,  England, 
and  Wales,  Lon.,  1700,  '07,  '26,  8vo.  Travels  through 
Portugal,  Spain,  and  Italy,  1712,  8vo. 

Brome,  Richard,  d.  1652,  originally  a  menial  ser 
vant  of  Ben  Jonson,  wrote  himself  into  high  repute.  The 
Biog.  Dramat.  enumerates  fifteen  plays  of  his,  besides 
several  others  which  are  ascribed  to  him.  Of  these  the 
best  known  are  The  Northern  Lass,  1632,  4to.  The  Anti 
podes,  1640,  4to.  The  Jovial  Crew,  1652,  4to.  The  City 
Wit,  1653,  8vo.  The  Court  Beggar,  1653,  8vo.  Jonson 
compliments  Brome  on  the  Northern  Lass.  Two  volumes 
containing  his  Ten  New  Plays  were  pub.  1653-59.  La- 
chrymae  Musarum,  Lon.,  1650,  8vo. 

"  Brome,  in  imitation  of  his  master,  laid  it  down  as  his  first  great 
point,  to  apply  closely  to  the  study  of  men  and  manners." — Biog. 
Dramat. 

Brome,  William.  Indices  quinque  ad  Thesaurum 
Ling.  Sept.  Hickesii,  Oxon.,1705. 

Bromehead,  Joseph.     Public  Infirmaries,  1772. 

Bromesgrove,  Samuel.    Sermon,  1704,  4to. 

Bromfield,William.  Theol.  treatises,  Lon.,  1725,  '26. 

Brom  field,  Sir  William,  1712-1792,  surgeon  to  Geo. 
III.,  pub.  a  treatise  on  Inoculation  for  the  Small-Pox,  1767, 
8vo.  Chirurgical  Cases  and  Observations,  1773,  2  vols.  8vo, 
and  some  other  profess,  essays.  Some  of  his  papers  will 
be  found  in  Med.  Obs.  and  Inq.,  and  Phil.  Trans. 

Bromhall,  Thomas.  Treatise  of  Spirits;  or,  an 
History  of  Apparitions,  Oracles,  Prophecies,  and  Predic 
tions,  with  Dreams,  Visions,  and  Revelations,  Lon.,1658,fol. 

Bromhead,  E.  F.     Con.  to  Phil.  Trans.,  1816. 

Bromley,  Eliza.  Cave  of  Consenza;  a  Romance 
from  the  Italian,  1803,  2  vols.  12mo. 

Bromley,  Sir  George.  Miscellanea  Anglia,  a  Col 
lection  of  original  Royal  Letters,  written  by  K.  Charles  I. 
and  K.  James  II.,  and  the  King  and  Queen  of  Bohemia, 
Ac.,  Lon.,  1787,  8vo. 

"  A  valuable  collection." — LOWNDES. 

Bromley,  Henry.  Catalogue  of  Engraved  British 
Portraits,  from  Egbert  the  Great  to  the  present  Time,  with 
an  Appendix,  containing  the  Portraits  of  such  Foreigners 
as  either  by  Alliance  with  the  Royal  Family  of,  or  Resi 
dence  as  visitors  in,  this  Kingdom  may  claim  a  place  in  the 
British  Series.  Interspersed  with  Notices,  Biographical, 
and  Genealogical,  never  before  published,  Lon.,  1793,  4to. 
Two  Addresses  on  the  Deplorable  State  of  the  Indians, 
1815,  8vo. 

Bromley,  John,  d.  1717,  a  schoolmaster,  is  said  to 
have  had  Alexander  Pope  for  one  of  his  pupils.  Trans, 
of  the  Catechism  of  the  Council  of  Trent,  Lon.,  1687,  8vo. 

Bromley,  Robert  Anthony,  d.  1806.  Sermons, 
1770-90.  A  Philosophical  and  Critical  History  of  the  Fine 
Arts,  Painting,  Sculpture,  and  Architecture,  in  4  parts, 
Lon.,  1793-95,  4to,  2  vols. 

Bromley,  Thomas.  Sabbath  of  Rest,  Lon.,  1710, 8vo. 

Bromley,  Walter.     Military  treatises,  Lon.,  1812. 

Bromley,  William,  Speaker  of  the  House  of  Com 
mons  in  1710.  Several  years'  Travels  through  Portugal, 
Spain,  Italy,  <fec.,  Lon.,  1702,  8vo.  Remarks  on  the  Grand 
Tour  of  France  and  Italy,  Lon.,  1692,  1705,  8vo. 

"  The  first  edition  of  Mr.  Bromley's  Grand  Tour  was  published 
In  1692,  and  is  said  to  have  been  withdrawn  soon  after,  in  conse 
quence  of  a  change  in  his  politics.  The  second  edition  was  pub 
lished,  without  permission,  by  one  of  the  Wbi"  party  upon  an 
occasion  when  it  was  most  likely  to  prove  a  source  of  annoyance; 
with  the  addition  of  a  Table  of  Contents,  turning  the  author's  ob 
servations  into  ridicule."— HENRY  G.  BOHN,  editor  of  Bibliotheca 
Parriana,  1827;  vide  p.  702. 

Brompton,  John,  a  Cistercian  monk,  and  Abbot  of 
Jorevall  or  Jerevall,  in  Richmondshire.  The  Chronicon  to 
which  his  name  is  attached  extends  from  588  to  the  death 
of  Richard  I.,  1198.  It  is  printed  in  Decem  Script.  Hist 
AngUse,  Lon.,  1652,  fol. 

"It  is  not  indeed  likely  that  this  history  was  written  by 
any  member  of  the  Abbey  of  Joreval,  since  it  takes  no  notice 
of  the  foundation  of  that  monastery,  Ac.,  but  only  procured 
by  Abbot  Brompton,  and  by  him  bestowed  on  his  monastery" 
See  Selden  in  Vitis  X.  Script.;  Tanner;  Nicolson's  English  His 
torical  Library. 
Bromwich.  Sermon,  1770,  8vo. 


Bromwich,  Bryan  J'Anson.  The  Experienced 
Bee-Keeper:  an  Essay  on  the  Management  of  Bees,  1783, 
8vo.  A  Poem,  1796.  Church  of  Rome,  1797,  8vo. 

Bronsted,  P.  O.  Essay  on  the  Bronzes  of  Siris  in 
the  British  Museum,  Lon.,  fol. 

Bronte,  Charlotte,  (Mrs.  Nicholls,)  born  1824, 
daughter  of  Rev.  Patrick  Bronte",  curate  of  Haworth,  in 
Yorkshire;  married  Rev.  Arthur  Bell  Nicholls,  her  father's 
curate,  in  1854,  and  died  in  1855.  She  and  her  two  sisters 
have  become  widely  known  to  fame  under  the  assumed 
names  of  Currer,  Acton,  and  Ellis  Bell. 

"  Averse  to  personal  publicity,  we  veiled  our  names  under  those 
of  Currer,  Acton,  and  Ellis  Bell, — the  ambiguous  choice  being  dic 
tated  by  a  sort  of  conscientious  scruple  at  assuming  Christian 
names  positively  masculine,  while  we  did  not  like  to  declare  our 
selves  women,  because— without  at  that  time  suspecting  that  our 
mode  of  writing  and  thinking  was  not  what  is  called  'feminine' 
— we  had  a  vague  impression  that  authoresses  are  likely  to  be 
looked  on  with  prejudice;  we  had  noticed  how  critics  sometimes 
use  for  their  chastisement  the  weapon  of  personality,  and  for  their 
reward  a  flattery  which  is  not  true  praise."— Biographical  notice 
by  Currer  BM,  i.e.  Charlotte  Bronte. 

Anne  (Acton  Bell)  died  in  1848.  Emily  (Ellis  Bell) 
died  1849.  Charlotte  was  more  successful  as  an  authoress 
than  her  sisters.  Few  novels  have  gained  such  immediate 
popularity  as  was  accorded  to  Jane  Eyre.  We  append  some 
notices  of  several  of  the  works  of  the  literary  sisterhood. 

Jane  Eyre :  an  Autobiography,  Lon.,  1848,  3  vols.  p.  8vo, 
by  Currer  Bell,  [Charlotte  Bronte.] 

"  Almost  all  that  we  require  in  a  novelist  the  writer  has, — per 
ception  of  character  and  knowledge  of  delineating  it,  picturesque- 
ness,  passion,  and  knowledge  of  life.  Reality — deep,  significant 
reality — is  the  characteristic  of  this  book." — Fraser's  Magazine. 

"  The  popularity  of  Jane  Eyre  was  doubtless  due  in  part  to  the 
freshness,  raciuess,  and  vigour  of  mind  it  evinced;  but  it  was  ob 
tained  not  so  much  by  these  qualities  as  by  frequent  dealings  in 
moral  paradox  and  by  the  hardihood  of  its  assaults  upon  the  pre 
judices  of  proper  people." — E.  P.  WHIFFLE  :  JV.  Amer.  Rev.,  Ixvii.  357. 

Shirley;  a  Tale,  by  Currer  Bell,  1849,  3  vols.  p.  8vo. 

"There  is  great  ability  in  this  work:  it  is  full  of  eloquence.  The 
descriptive  passages  have  seldom  been  surpassed  in  beauty  and 
picturesqueness.  The  presence  of  a  searching  power  and  a  lofty 
genius  is  visible." — Bentky's  Miscellany. 

Wuthering  Heights,  by  Acton  Bell,  1847. 

"  We  strongly  recommend  it  to  all  our  readers,  for  we  can  promise 
them  they  never  read  any  thing  like  it  before." — DOUGLAS  JERROLD. 

"  Jt  reminds  us  of  the  '  Nowlaus'  by  Banim.  It  is  a  colossal  per 
formance." — Lon.  Atlas. 

"A  work  of  very  great  talent." — Lon.  Examiner. 

"  As  the  characters  of  the  tale  are  unattractive,  so  the  chief  in 
cidents  are  sadly  wanting  in  probability.  They  are  devoid  of  truth 
fulness,  are  not  in  harmony  with  the  actual  world,  and  have,  there 
fore,  but  little  more  power  to  move  our  sympathies  than  the  ro 
mances  of  the  Middle  Ages,  or  the  ghost-stories  which  made  our 
grand-dames  tremble." — Lon.  Eclectic  Review. 

The  Tenant  of  Wildfeld  Hall,  by  Acton  Bell,  3  vols. 
p.  8vo. 

"  We  give  our  honest  recommendation  of  Wildfeld  Hall  as  the 
most  interesting  novel  we  have  read  for  a  month  past." — Lon. 
Atlienseum. 

"  A  story  of  intense  interest.  All  is  plainly  simple,  but  all  so 
beautifully,  so  exquisitely  natural,  so  true  to  the  feelings  of  the 
heart,  that  the  attention  of  the  reader  is  fixed  and  absorbed."— 
Naval  and  Military  Gaz. 

"The  Tenant  of  Wildfeld  Hall  is  altogether  a  less  pleasant  story 
than  its  immediate  predecessor,  though  it  resembles  it  in  the  ex 
cessive  clumsiness  with  which  the  plot  is  arranged  and  the  promi 
nence  given  to  the  brutal  element  of  human  nature." — E.  P. 
WUIPPLE:  N.  American  Review,  Ixvii.  359. 

Poems  by  Currer,  Ellis,  and  Acton  Bell,  1846. 

"Remarkable  as  being  the  first  efforts  of  undoubted  geniua  to 
find  some  congenial  form  of  expression.  They  are  not  common 
verses,  but  show  many  of  the  vigorous  qualities  in  the  prose  works 
of  the  same  writers.  The  love  of  nature  which  characterizes  Currer 
Bell's  prose  works  pervades  the  whole  of  the  present  volume." — 
Lon.  Christian  Remembrancer. 

Wuthering  Heights  and  Agnes  Grey,  by  Ellis  and  Acton 
Bell,  with  a  Selection  of  their  Literary  Remains,  and  a 
Biographical  Notice  of  both  Authors,  by  Currer  Bell,  1850, 
3  vols.  p.  8vo.  Life  of  Charlotte  Bronte",  by  Mrs.  Gaskell, 
1857,  2  vols.  p.  8vo;  N.Y.,  2  vols.  12mo. 

"  The  story  of  a  woman's  life,  unfolded  in  this  book,  is  calculated 
to  make  the  old  feel  young  and  the  young  old.  ...  By  all  this 
book  will  be  read  with  interest.  .  .  .  Mrs.  Gaskell  has  produced 
one  of  the  best  biographies  of  a  woman  by  a  woman  which  we 
can  recall  to  mind."— Lon.  Athenseum,  No.  1536. 

In  consequence  of  alleged  misstatements  (some,  at  least, 
of  which  were  acknowledged)  in  this  work,  portions  of  it 
were  suppressed  in  subsequent  editions. 

Bronte,  Rev.  Patrick,  father  of  Currer,  Acton, 
and  Ellis  Bell.  Cottage  Poems,  1811,  8vo. 

"  The  author  has  written  not  only  for  the  good  of  the  pious,  but 
for  the  good  of  those  who  are  not  so;  and  he  hopes  his  poems  will 
be  rendered  useful  to  some  poor  soul  who  cares  little  about  critical 
matters." 

The  Rural  Minstrel:  a  Miscellany  of  Descriptive  Poems, 
1814,  12mo.  See  Colburn's  Diet,  of  Living  Authors. 


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Brontins.     Loyalty  Asserted,  1681,  8vo. 

Brook,  Abraham.  Con.  to  Phil.  Trans.,  1782;  on 
Electricity,  the  Air  Pump,  the  Barometer,  <fcc. 

Brook,  Benjamin.  Lives  of  the  Puritans,  Lon., 
1813,  3  vols.  8vo. 

"  This  works  forms  a  comprehensive  appendage  to  Real's  His 
tory  of  the  Puritans,  and  Palmer's  Nonconformist's  Memorial." 

"This  work  is  remarkable  for  extensive  research,  poverty  of  dic 
tion,  zeal  in  the  canse  of  Dissent,  and  unceremonious  reflections 
upon  Churchmen." — DR.  E.  WILLIAMS. 

A  History  of  Religious  Liberty,  1821,  2  vols.  Svo. 

Brook,  Jonathan.  A  Collection  of  Moral  Sentences, 
from  Ancient  and  Modern  Writers,  Brist.,  1770,  8vo. 

Brookbank,  or  Brooksbank,  Joseph,  b.  1612, 
educated  at  Brasenose  College,  Oxford.  The  Well-Tuned 
Organ ;  on  Music,  Lon.,  1660,  fol.  A  Breviate  of  Lilly's 
Grammar,  1660,  8vo.  Rebels  Tried  and  Cast,  1661,  12mo; 
being  3  Sermons  on  Rom.  xiii.  2. 

Brooke,  Major.  Short  Addresses  to  the  Children 
of  the  Sunday  School,  on  Texts  of  Scripture,  1791,  12mo. 

Brooke,  Arthur.     See  BROKE. 

Brooke,  Captain  De  Capell.  Travels  in  Spain  and 
Morocco,  2  vols.  8vo.  Travels  through  Sweden,  Norway, 
Ac.  in  1820,  4to.  Winter  in  Lapland  and  Sweden,  1827, 
4to.  This  accurate  and  valuable  work  has  become  rare. 

Brooke,  Charlotte,  daughter  of  Henry  Brooke,  the 
Novelist  and  Dramatist.  Reliques  of  Irish  Poetry,  trans, 
into  English  Verse,  with  Notes,  and  an  Irish  Tale,  Dubl., 
1789,  4to.  Dialogue  between  a  Lady  and  her  Pupils,  de 
scribing  a  Journey  through  England  and  Wales.  Natural 
History,  <fcc.,  1796,  Svo. 

"  We  approve  this  plan,  as  the  young  mind  may  thus  be  drawn, 
by  the  subjects  occasionally  introduced,  to  attend  to  matters  of 
useful  information,  instead  of  the  very  trivial  topics  with  which 
books  of  education  are  sometimes  filled." — Lon.  Monthly  Rev.,  1796. 

Emma,  or  the  Foundling  of  the  Wood;  a  Novel,  1803, 
12mo. 

Brooke,  Mrs.  Charlotte,  has  gained  considerable 
reputation  by  occasional  poetical  effusions. 

"  Some  of  her  poems  have  a  sweetness  of  flow  and  delicacy  of 
sentiment  that  seem  made  out  of  music,  rather  than  for  it.  She 
seems  only  to  have  wanted  some  deep  incitement,  such  as  a  sense 
of  duty  imparts  to  a  woman's  genius,  in  order  to  have  excelled." 
— Woman's  Ifecord. 

Mrs.  Hale  quotes  "  A  Lover's  Lines"  as  a  specimen  of 
Mrs.  Brooke's  style. 

Brooke,  Christopher.  Funeral  Elegy  on  Prince 
Henry,  Lon.,  1613,  4to.  Eclogues  by  Mr.  Brooke,  Mr. 
Wither,  and  Mr.  Davies,  1614,  Svo.  See  Brit.  Biblio 
grapher,  ii.  235,  for  an  account  of  A  Funerall  Poem  in 
MS.  by  Brooke,  and  for  other  interesting  information  con 
cerning  the  author.  Brooke  was  the  "  chamber  fellow" 
at  Lincoln's  Inn  and  bosom  friend  of  the  celebrated  Dr. 
Donne,  and  aided  him  in  his  clandestine  marriage  to  the 
daughter  of  Sir  George  Moor,  Chancellor  of  the  Garter, 
and  Lieutenant  of  the  Tower.  It  proved  dangerous  to 
offend  a  jailer,  for  the  indignant  father-in-law  sent  the 
groom  and  his  two  friends,  Christopher  and  Samuel  Brooke, 
to  prison.  Vide  Athen.  Oxon.,  Bliss's  edit.,  Fasti,  i.  401. 
George  Wither  inscribes  some  verses  "  To  his  ingenious 
and  (which  is  more  worthy)  his  truly  honest  Friend.  Mr. 
Christ.  Brooke."— Brit.  Bill.  ii.  237. 

Brooke,  Edward.  Bibliotheca  Legum  Anglise; 
Part  II.,  containing  a  general  Account  of  the  Laws  and 
Law  Writers  of  England,  from  the  earliest  Times  to  the 
Reign  of  Edward  III.,  <fcc.,  Lon.,  1788,  12mo.  See  WOR- 
RALL,  JOHN. 

Brooke,  Frances,  1745-1789,  daughter  of  Rev.  Mr. 
Moore,  and  wife  of  the  Rev.  John  Brooke,  Rector  of  Col- 
ney,  in  Norfolk,  <fcc.,  obtained  considerable  distinction  by 
her  literary  abilities.  The  Old  Maid,  a  periodical,  Nov. 
15, 1755,  to  about  the  end  of  July  in  the  next  year.  Since 
pub.  in  a  12mo  vol.  Virginia,  a  Tragedy,  with  Odes,  Pasto 
rals,  and  Translations,  1756,  Svo.  Trans,  from  the  French 
of  Lady  Catesby's  Letters,  1760,  12mo.  The  History  of 
Lady  Julia  Mandeville,  2  vols.  12mo,  1763. 

"  Concerning  the  plan  there  were  various  opinions,  \v. p."\  though 
of  the  execution  there  seems  to  have  been  but  one.  It  was  read 
with  much  avidity  and  general  approbation."— Nichols's  Literary 
Anecdotes,  ii.  346. 

The  History  of  Emily  Montague,  4  vols.  12mo,  1769. 
Memoirs  of  the  Marquis  of  St.  Forlaix,  4  vols.  12mo,  1770. 
Mr.  Garrick  refused  to  give  a  representation  to  Virginia, 
and  Mrs.  B.  offered  him  another  tragedy,  which  met  with 
the  same  fate.  Whereupon  Mrs.  B.  took  a  severe  revenge 
on  him  in  the  novel  of  the  Excursion,  2  vols.  12mo,  1777. 
Like  most  people  who  act  under  excited  feeling,  "  Mrs. 
Brooke  thought  her  invective  too  severe;  lamented  and 
retracted  it." 


Elements  of  the  History  of  England,  from  the  Abbe" 
Millot,  4  vols.  12mo,  1771.  Siege  of  Sinope,  a  Tragedy. 
1781,  Svo. 

"  This  piece  added  but  little  to  her  reputation,  and  never  became 
popular.  It  wanted  energy,  and  had  not  much  originality.  There 
was  little  to  disapprove,  but  not  much  to  admire." — Nichols's  Lit. 
Anecdotes,  ii.  347. 

Rosina,  a  Play,  1782. 

"  Few  pieces  have  been  equally  successful.  The  simplicity  of 
the  story,  the  elegance  of  the  words,  and  the  excellence  of  the 
music,  promise  a  long  duration  to  this  drama." — Ibid. 

Marian,  a  Play,  1788.  Much  inferior  to  Rosina.  The 
History  of  Charles  Mandeville;  a  Sequel  to  Lady  Julia, 
2  vols.  ISmo,  1790. 

"  It  has  been  often  wished  that  the  catastrophe  in  the  Novel  of 
Lady  Julia  Mandeville  had  been  less  melancholy ;  and  of  the  pro 
priety  of  this  opinion  the  authoress  herself  is  said  to  have  been 
satisfied,  but  did  not  choose  to  make  the  alteration." 

Brooke,  Francis.  Trans,  of  Voyages  of  V.  Le  Blanc, 
1660. 
Brooke,  Fulke  Greville,  Lord.    See  GREVILLE, 

F0LKE. 

Brooke,  Henry.  The  Conservatory  of  Health,  Lon., 
1650,  12mo. 

Brooke,  Henry,  1706-1783,  a  native  of  Rantavan 
in  Ireland,  was  for  some  time  a  pupil  of  Dr.  Sheridan,  and 
left  his  tutor  to  enter  Trinity  College,  Dublin.  From 
thence,  when  only  17,  he  removed  to  the  Temple  to  study 
law.  His  first  publication  was  Universal  Beauty ;  a  phi 
losophical  poem;  part  2  pub.  1735;  part  3  about  1736. 

"This  had  been  submitted  to  Pope,  who  probably  contributed 
his  assistance,  and  whose  manner,  at  least,  is  certainly  followed." 

A  Trans,  of  the  first  three  Books  of  Tasso,  1737. 

"  It  is  at  once  so  harmonious  and  so  spirited,  that  I  think  an 
entire  translation  of  Tasso  by  him  would  not  only  have  rendered 
my  task  unnecessary,  but  have  discouraged  those  from  the  attempt 
whose  poetical  abilities  are  much  superior  to  mine." — HOOLE. 

Constantia,  or  the  Man  of  Law's  Tale,  1741 ;  in  Ogle's 
version  of  Chaucer.  The  Earl  of  Westmoreland ;  a  Tra 
gedy,  1745.  Farmer's  Letters,  1745 :  on  the  plan  of  his 
friend  Swift's  Drapier  Letters.  A  new  Collection  of  Fairy 
Tales,  1750,  2  vols.  12mo ;  anon.  Earl  of  Essex;  a  Tra 
gedy,  1760,  Svo.  The  Trial  of  the  Roman  Catholicks, 
1762,  Svo.  In  this,  Brooke  pleads  for  the  removal  of  po 
litical  restraints  on  that  class  of  citizens.  The  Fool  of 
Quality,  or  the  History  of  Henry,  Earl  of  Moreland,  5  vols. 
12mo ;  1760,  '70,  '77 ;  in  4  vols.  12mo,  1776. 

"  A  novel  replete  with  knowledge  of  human  life  and  manners, 
and  in  which  there  are  many  admirable  traits  of  moral  feeling  and 
propriety,  but  mixed,  as  the  author  advances  towards  the  close, 
with  so  much  of  religious  discussion,  and  mysterious  stories  and 
opinions,  as  to  leave  it  doubtful  whether  he  inclined  most  to  Beh- 
menism  or  to  Popery." 

Redemption,  a  Poem,  1772,  4to. 

"  A  poem  in  which  that  great  mystery  of  our  religion  is  ex 
plained  and  amplified  by  bolder  figures  than  are  usually  hazarded." 

Juliet  Grenville,  or  the  History  of  the  Human  Heart ; 
a  Novel,  3  vols.  12mo,  1774.  This  work  is  considered 
unequal  to  his  earlier  efforts.  His  Works,  Lon.,  1778, 
4  vols.  Svo ;  this  collection  contains  several  plays  and 
poems  not  before  printed.  Of  Brooke's  plays  perhaps 
Gustavus  Vasa  was  considered  the  best.  Its  performance 
was  forbidden  for  political  reasons.  His  Works,  with  the 
addition  of  some  pieces  collected  by  his  daughter,  were 
reprinted,  Dublin,  1792. 

"Throughout  all  the  excellent  compositions  of  Brooke  there 
breathes  a  strong  spirit  of  liberty." 

See  Johnson's  and  Chalmers's  English  Poets,  1810,  21 
vols.  Svo;  Chalmers's  Biog.  Diet.;  and  Brookiana,  or 
Anecdotes  of  Henry  Brooke,  Lon.,  1804,  2  vols.  12mo. 

Brooke,  Henry.     Sermons,  1746,  '47. 

Brooke,  Henry.  A  Guide  to  the  Stars,  Lon.,  1820  4to 

Brooke,  Henry  James.  Familiar  Introduction  to 
Crystallography,  Lon.,  1823,  Svo. 

Brooke,  James.     Sermons,  1706,  '23. 

Brooke,  Sir  James,  b.  1803,  at  Bandel,  in  Zillah 
Hooghly,  Bengal;  Rajah  of  Sarawak.  His  Journals  of 


Qo      ,     o 

JLoiO,  2  VOlS.  OVO. 

"Keppel's  volumes  gave  the  outlines  of  the  strange  drama  of 
Mr.  Brooke's  career.  Captain  Mundy  has  printed  the  Journals 

*e™ttm,  omitting  only  such  portions  as  have  already  been  made 
bv  Pant*  Mne'J  J«?,rnal8  of  Mr-Brooke  here  offered  to  the  worJd 
— Lm  Atlen^um  °™  "^  *  quarter  of  tnese  S°°dly  volumes." 

Private  Letters  of  Sir  J.  Brooke,  K.C.B.,  from  1838  to  the 
Present  Time,  edited  by  J.  C.  Templer,  1853,  3  vols.  cr.  Svo. 

Brooke,  John.     Theolog.  treatises,  Lon.,  1577-81. 

Brooke,  John  Charles,  1748-1794,  Somerset  He 
rald,  was  deeply  versed  in  antiquarian  lore.  Some  of  his 
contributions  will  be  found  in  Archaeol.,  1777,  '79,  '82. 
His  signature  in  the  Gent  Mag.  was  J.  B.  He  rendered 

251 


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such  liberal  assistance  to  his  literary  friends  that  it  has 
been  declared  that 

"  The  first  writers  of  the  age  in  history,  biography,  and  topo 
graphy,  have  been  indebted  to  him." 

References  to  him  will  be  found  in  the  correspondence 
of  that  eminent  antiquary,  the  Rev.  William  Cole. 

"  Mr.  Brooke's  illustration  of  the  Saxon  inscription  at  Kirkdale 
Church  pleases  me  much.  .  .  Mr.  Brooke  is  too  good  a  Herald  not 
to  have  informed  you  of  the  owners  of  the  arms  in  your  window." 
—Nichols's  Lit.  Anecdotes,  vol.  i. 

Mr.  B.  was  applied  to  by  the  Duke  of  Norfolk  (then 
Earl  of  Surrey)  to  write  a  Latin  preface  to  Domesday 
Book.  He  made  some  collections  towards  a  history  of  all 
the  tenants  in  Capite  mentioned  therein,  with  their  pedi 
grees,  families,  estates,  <fcc.  What  a  grand  work  would 
this  have  been  !  Alas  for  the  come-to-nothing  projects  of 
procrastinating  men ! 

Brooke,N.,M.D.  Observations  on  Italy,Bath,1797,8vo. 

Brooke,  Ralph,  d.  1625,  York  Herald,  was  originally 
named  Brookesworth.  He  is  represented  as  most  perverse 
and  malicious  in  disposition,  and  he  was  a  "  thorn  in  the 
side"  of  the  worthy  Camden.  He  attacked  the  latter  in  a 
publication  entitled  A  Discoverie  of  certain  Errours  in  the 
much-commended  Britannia,  1594.  Very  prejudiciall  to 
the  descentes  and  successions  of  the  auncient  Nobilitie  of 
this  Realme;  by  Yorke  Herault;  sine  anno;  circa  1596, 4to. 
Second  Discovery  of  Errors  prejudicial  to  noble  descents, 
with  a  Reply  to  Mr.  Camden's  Apologia  ad  Lectorem  in 
his  fifth  edition,  1600.  He  presented  this  to  K.  James^L, 
who  prohibited  its  publication.  Anstis  pub.  it  in  17*23, 
4to ;  this  vol.  contains  the  original  objections,  Camden's 
reply,  <fcc.  The  latter  ably  defended  himself,  and  charged 
Brooke  with  ignorance  and  malice. 

"  Some  early  attempts  were  made  by  an  envious  person,  one 
Brook,  or  Brookmonth,  to  blast  the  deservedly  great  reputation  of 
this  book ;  but  they  perished  and  came  to  nothing ;  as  did  like 
wise  the  terrible  threats  given  out  by  Sir  Symonds  D'Ewes,  that 
he  would  discover  errors  in  every  page." — BISHOP  NICOLSON  :  Eng. 
Hist.  Library.  1776,  4. 

Our  choleric  "Herault"  completed  in  1622  a  valuable 
work,  entitled  Catalogue  and  Succession  of  the  Kings, 
Princes,  Dukes,  Marquises,  Earls,  and  Viscounts  of  this 
Realm  of  England,  since  the  Norman  Conquest  to  this 
present  year,  1619,  together  with  their  arms,  wives,  and 
children,  the  times  of  their  death  and  burials,  with  many 
of  their  memorable  actions,  Lon.,  1619-22,  fol.  The  feli 
citations  of  Yorke  Herault  over  his  new-born  literary  off 
spring  were  interrupted  by  a  critic  who  made  him  remem 
ber  his  foray  against  the  worthy  Camden.  Mr.  Augustus 
Vincent  borrowed  even  the  very  title  of  Brooke's  indict 
ment  against  the  Britannia,  and  put  forth  A  Discoverie  of 
Errours  in  the  first  edition  of  the  Catalogue  of  Nobility 
published  by  Ralph  Brooke,  Yorke  Herald,  Lon.,  1622,  fol. 

"  A  highly  valuable  work,  though  written  with  too  much  se 
verity." 

Brooke,  R.  Treatise  on  the  Office  and  Practice  of 
a  Notary ;  2d  ed.,  Lon.,  1847,  8vo. 

Brooke,  Richard.  A  Descriptive  Account  of  Liver 
pool  as  it  was  during  the  last  Quarter  of  the  18th  century, 
1775-1800,  1854,  r.  8vo. 

"  In  addition  to  information  relative  to  the  Public  Buildings, 
Statistics,  and  Commerce  of  the  Town,  the  work  contains  some 
curious  and  interesting  particulars,  which  have  never  been  previ 
ously  published,  respecting  the  Pursuits,  Habits,  and  Amuse 
ments  of  the  Inhabitants  of  Liverpool  during  that  period,  with 
Views  of  its  Public  Edifices." 

Brooke,  Robert  Greville,  Lord.  See  GREVILLE, 
ROBERT. 

Brooke,  or  Broke,  Sir  Robert,  d.  1558,  Lord  Chief 
Justice  of  the  Common  Pleas  in  the  reign  of  Queen  Mary, 
(1553,)  was  a  native  of  Claverley,  in  Shropshire.  La 
Graunde  Abridgment,  Lon.,  1568,  '70,  '73,  '76,  '86. 
wl'  £biu  Abr?dKment,  which  is  principally  founded  upon  that  of 
litzherbert,  is  digested  under  a  greater  number  of  titles,  and  be 
sides  the  authorities  collected  by  Fitzherbert,  Brooke  abridges  a 
great  number  of  readings,  which  seem  to  have  fallen  under  his 
own  knowledge  as  a  judge  and  chief  justice  of  the  common  nleas 
and  which  are  nowhere  else  extant,  except,  in  a  small  volume  se 
lected  from  this  Abridgment,  entitled  New  Cases."— WORRALL! 

For  Novel  Cases,  the  Abridgment,  <fcc.,  see  Wallace's 
Rep.;    Marvin,    Ac.      Brooke   followed   the  example   of 
Nicholas    Statham,  who    first   abridged    from    the    year 
books  temp.  Edward  IV. :    see  Nicolson's  Hist.   Library. 
Le  Lieur,  <fcc.  del  Corone,  1580,  fol.     Reading  on  Magna 
Charta  cxvii.,  1641,  4to.      Reading  upon  the  Statute  of 
Limitations  32  Hen.  VIII.,  cap.  2,  Lon.,  1647,  8vo. 
Brooke,  T.     Theolog.  treatises,  <fec.,  Lon.,  1548-70. 
Brooke,  T.  H.     History  of  the  Island  of  St.  Helena 
from  its  Discovery  by  the  Portuguese  to  the  Year  1806, 
Lon.,  1808,  8vo. 
Brooke,  Thomas.     Sermons,  1732,  '46,  4to. 


Brooke,  Thomas  Digby.  Trans,  from  Mad.  Guyon, 
and  her  Life,  1795-1806. 

Brooke,  W.  H.     Foreigner's  Guide,  1807. 

Brooke,  William.  Cause  of  the  distress  for  Provi 
sions,  Lon.,  1800. 

Brooke,  Z.,  D.D.  Examination  of  Dr.  Middleton's 
Free  Inquiry,  1750,  8vo.  Eleven  Discourses,  1764,  8vo. 

Brooker,  Daniel.     Sermons,  1743,  '45,  '46. 

Brookes,  Melanthe.  Fabula  Pastorialis,  1615, 4to. 
Acted  before  King  James  I.,  March  10,  1614. 

Brookes,  Henry.     Sermon,  1707,  8vo. 

Brookes,  Henry.     Sermons,  1732,  '34,  8vo. 

Brookes,  John.  England's  Interest.  Free  thoughts 
on  the  Starch  Duty,  Lon.,  1752,  8vo. 

Brookes,  Joshua,  1761-1833,  a  distinguished  Eng 
lish  surgeon  and  anatomist,  pub.  a  tract  on  the  Cholera 
an  Address,  1828,  a  paper  in  Trans.  Linnsean  Society,  1829, 
<fcc.  See  Lancet,  vol.  xii.  He  had  a  large  museum  of 
specimens  in  various  branches  of  Natural  History,  which 
cost  him  £30,000  and  was  sold  at  auction  for  a  very  tri 
fling  sum. 

Brookes,  Matthew,  D.D.     Sermons,  Lon.,  1621,  '57. 

Brookes,  Richard,  M.D.  History  of  the  most  re 
markable  Pestilential  Distempers  that  have  appeared  in 
Europe  for  300  years  last  past;  with  the  Method  of  pre 
vention  and  cure  of  that  Distemper,  Lon.,  1721,  8vo.  The 
General  Practice  of  Physic,  1751,  2  vols.  8vo.  The 
General  Dispensary,  1753,  8vo.  The  Art  of  Angling,  Rock 
and  Sea  Fishing,  <fec.,  1740,  8vo.  System  of  Natural  His 
tory,  in  6  parts,  Lon.,  1763,  6  vols.  12mo.  General  Gazet 
teer,  or  Compendious  Geographical  Dictionary,  1762,  8vo; 
18th  edit.,  1827,  8vo ;  revised  and  corrected  to  the  present 
time,  by  A.  G.  Findlay,  new  edit.,  Lon.,  1851,  8vo. 

Brookes,  Samuel.  An  Introduction  to  the  study  of 
Conchology,  1815,  4to. 

"  It  behooves  us  to  state,  that  Mr.  Brookes  evinces  an  intimata 
and  learned  acquaintance  with  his  subject,  that  he  duly  blenda 
perspicuity  with  brevity  of  description,  that  he  has  bestowed  on 
his  plates  an  unusual  degree  of  correctness  and  elegance,  and  that 
he  has  carefully  prepared  the  way  for  the  prosecution  of  his  fa 
vourite  study  on  the  most  extensive  scale." — Lon.  Monthly  Jieview, 
Nov.  1816. 

Brookes,  Thomas,  d.  1680,  an  eminent  Independent 
divine,  chosen  minister  of  St.  Mary  Magdalen  about  1651, 
ejected  1662.  Precious  Remedies  for  Satan's  Devices,  Lon., 
1653,  8vo;  about  60  editions.  Heaven  on  Earth,  1654, 
8vo.  The  Mute  Christian  under  the  Smarting  Rod,  1660, 
8vo ;  more  than  50  editions.  The  Private  Key  of  Heaven, 
1665,  8vo.  Cabinet  of  Jewels,  1669,  4to.  A  Golden  Key 
to  open  hid  Treasures,  1675,  4to.  Apples  of  Gold  for  Young 
Men  and  Women ;  more  than  25  editions.  Holiness,  <fcc., 
1662,  Svo.  On  Assurance,  1654,  12mo.  Unsearchable 
Riches  of  Christ,  1661,  4to.  Other  works. 

"  His  works  have  been  highly  popular,  on  account  of  their  spi 
ritual  tendency.  As  a  preacher  he  was  very  affecting  and  useful ; 
but  many  of  his  phrases  and  comparisons  are  too  homely  and  fa 
miliar  for  imitation."— DR.  E.  WILLIAMS. 

"  A  popular,  lively,  and  practical  writer." — BICKERSTKTH. 

"Brookes's  Unsearchable  Riches  of  Christ  is  a  most  edifying 
treatise,  pithily  eloquent,  almost  every  sentence  of  which  is  an 
aphorism  worthy  of  a  distinct  setting,  and  which  everywhere  dis 
plays  large  stores  of  sanctified  learning." — Christian  Advocate. 

Brookesbank,  John.  1.  An  Englishman's  Sylla 
bary.  2.  Rules  for  Syllabication,  1651,  4to. 

Brooks,  Charles  Shirley,  b.  1815,  a  dramatist  and 
contributor  to  periodicals,  has  gained  considerable  reputa 
tion  by  his  plays  of  Honour  and  Riches,  The  Creole,  The 
Lowther  Arcade,  and  Our  New  Governess.  As  commis 
sioner  of  the  London  Morning  Chronicle,  he  spent  six 
months  in  Russia,  Asia  Minor,  and  Egypt,  and  contributed 
a  series  of  letters  to  that  journal,  which  were  afterwards 
pub.  in  Longmans'  Travellers'  Library.  Miss  Violet  and 
her  Offers.  Edited  Amusing  Poetry,  1857;  Aspin  Court, 
a  Novel,  1857.  This  work  is  popular  and  has  been  highly 
commended. 

Brooks,  Charles  T.,  b.  1813,  at  Salem,  Massachu 
setts,  graduated  at  Harvard  College,  became  pastor  of  the 
Unitarian  Church,  Newport,  R.I.,  in  1837,  on  which  occa 
sion  Dr.  Channing  preached  the  ordination-sermon.  1. 
Schiller's  William  Tell,  trans.,  Providence,  1838.  2.  Trans., 
from  same  author,  Mary  Stuart  and  The  Maid  of  Orleans. 

3.  Titan  ;  from  the  German  of  Jean  Paul  Richter,  1840. 

4.  Specimens  of  German  Song,  Bost.,  1842.     This  volume 
is  one  of  Mr.  Ripley's  series  of  foreign  literature.    5.  Trans, 
of  Schiller's  "  Homage  of   the  Arts,"  with  miscellaneous 
pieces  from  Riickert,  Freiligrath,  and  other  German  Poets, 
Bost,  1847.     6.  Poems,  Prov.,  1848.     7.  The  Controversy 
touching  the  Old  Stone  Mill  in  the  Town  of  Newport,  R.I., 
Newport,  1851.     8.  German  Lyrics,  containing  specimens 


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of  Anastasius  Griin  and  other  living  poets  of  Ger 
many. 

"On  the  whole,  we  have  perused  the  'German  Lyrics'  with 
pleasure.  Mr.  Brooks  fully  maintains  by  this  publication  the 
credit  he  won  for  himself  by  his  former  labours  as  a  translator  of 
German  poetry."— Lon. Athen.,  No.  1476,  Feb.  9,  1856. 

9.  Songs  of  Field  and  Flood,  Bosk,  1854.  10.  Eight 
Months  on  the  Ocean  and  Eight  Weeks  in  India,  MS. 

Brooks,  Francis.     Barbarian  Cruelty,  Lon.,  1693. 

Brooks,  Henry  James.    See  BROOKE. 

Brooks,  Indiana.  Eliza  Beaumond  and  Harriet 
Osborne;  or,  The  Child  of  Doubt,  1789,  2  vols.  12mo. 

Brooks,  J.  T.,  M.D.  Four  Months  among  the  Gold- 
Finders  in  California,  N.  York,  1849,  8vo. 

Brooks,  J.  W.  Lectures  on  Prophecy,  Lon.,  1842, 
12mo.  Abdiel's  Essays  on  the  Advent  and  Kingdom  of 
Christ,  1834,  12mo. 

"  A  very  valuable  work,  and  full  of  Scripture  illustration." — 

BlCKERSTETH. 

Elements  of  Prophetical  Interpretation,  1836,  18mo. 

"  A  work  of  useful  information." — Ibid. 

History  of  the  Hebrew  Nation,  1841,  12mo. 

"Much  valuable  scriptural  illustration  as  well  as  historical." — 
Ibid. 

Brooks,  James,  Bishop  of  Gloucester.  Sermon  at 
Paul's  Cross,  Lon.,  1553,  8vo.  See  Fox's  Acts  and  Monu 
ments  of  the  Church  for  two  orations  of  the  bishop's. 

Brooks,  James  Gordon,  1801-1841,  a  native  of 
Red  Hook,  near  the  city  of  New  York,  was  known  for 
some  time  as  a  contributor  to  periodicals  under  the  signa 
ture  of  "Florio."  His  longest  poem  is  entitled  Genius; 
delivered  before  the  Phi  Beta  Kappa  Society  of  Yale  Col 
lege  in  1827.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Brooks  pub.  in  1829,  a  volume 
entitled  The  Rivals  of  Este,  and  other  Poems,  by  James 
G.  and  Mary  E.  Brooks.  The  principal  poem  is  the  pro 
duction  of  Mrs.  Brooks. 

"  The  poems  of  Mr.  Brooks  are  spirited  and  smoothly  versified, 
but  diffuse  and  carelessly  written.  lie  was  imaginative,  and  com 
posed  with  remarkable  ease  and  rapidity ;  but  was  too  indifferent 
in  regard  to  his  reputation  ever  to  rewrite  or  revise  his  produc 
tions." — Griswold's  Poets  and  Poetry  of  America. 

Brooks,  John,  M.D7,  Gov.  of  Mass.,  1752-1825,  pub. 
a  Discourse  on  Pneumonia,  1808,  and  one  delivered  before 
the  Humane  Society,  1795.—  Thacher'a  Med.  fiiog. 

Brooks,  Jonathan.  Antiquity,  or  the  Wise  In 
structor;  being  a  Collection  of  Sentences,  Brist.,1770,12mo. 

Brooks,  Maria,  as  styled  by  Southey,  Maria  del 
Occidente,  b.  about  1795,  d.  1845,  is  best  known  as  the 
author  of  Zophiel,  or  The  Bride  of  Seven,  the  first  canto  of 
which  was  pub.  in  Boston,  1825 ;  the  whole  work  in  Lon 
don,  1833.  Mrs.  Brooks  was  the  daughter  of  Mr.  Gowen, 
a  gentleman  of  Welsh  descent,  who  settled  at  Medford, 
Massachusetts,  where  Maria  was  born.  In  1820  she  pub. 
a  volume  entitled  Judith,  Esther,  and  other  poems,  by  a 
Lover  of  the  Fine  Arts.  Mrs.  Brooks  passed  the  spring 
of  1831  in  the  hospitable  mansion  of  Robert  Southey,  at 
Kcswick,  and  this  useful  friend  superintended  the  publi 
cation  of  Zophiel,  of  which  he  was  a  great  admirer : 

"  If  you  have  not  seen  Zophiel,  it  is  well  worth  your  reading,  as 
by  far  the  most  original  poem  that  this  generation  has  produced. 
.  .  .  The  poem  has  attracted  no  notice :  the  chief  cause  of  the  pre 
sent  failure  I  suppose  to  be  that  it  is  not  always  perspicuously 
told.  The  diction  is  surprisingly  good ;  indeed,  America  has  never 
produced  any  poem  to  be  compared  with  it."— Letter  to  Lord  Mahon, 
May  12,  1834. 

An  interesting  review  of  this  poem  will  be  found  in  Gris 
wold's  Female  Poets  of  America.  An  edition  of  Zophiel 
was  pub.  in  Boston  in  1834,  for  the  benefit  of  the  Polish 
Exiles,  in  whose  cause  Mrs.  Brooks  felt  the  warmest  in 
terest.  See  Southey's  Life  and  Correspondence. 

In  1843  she  printed  for  private  circulation,  Idomen, 
or  The  Vale  of  the  Yumuri;  a  production  which  par 
takes  much  of  the  character  of  an  autobiography.  Mrs. 
Brooks  inherited  some  estates  in  Cuba,  and  took  up  her 
residence  in  the  island.  She  died  at  Matanzas,  Novem 
ber  11,  1845. 

Her  principal  poem  will  preserve  her  name  from  ob 
livion,  but  deals  too  little  with  human  sympathies  to  take 
much  hold  of  the  public  mind.  It  is  one  of  those  produc 
tions  which  will  be  always  more  quoted  than  read,  and 
more  admired  than  understood. 

"  Maria  del  Occidente  is  styled  in  The  Doctor,  &c.,  « the  most 
impassioned  and  most  imaginative  of  all  poetesses.'  And  without 
taking  into  account  qucedam  ardentiora  scattered  here  and  there 
throughout  her  singular  poem,  there  is  undoubtedly  ground  for 
the  first  clause,  and,  with  the  more  accurate  substitution  of '  fanci 
ful'  for  '  imaginative,'  for  the  whole  of  the  eulogy.  It  is  alto 
gether  an  extraordinary  performance." — Lon.  Quarterly  Review. 

"  Which  [Zophiel]  he  [Southey]  says  is  by  some  Yankee  woman ; 
as  if  there  ever  had  been  a  woman  capable  of  any  thing  so  great!" 
— CHARLES  LAMB. 

See  Griswold's  Female  Poets  of  America. 


Brooks,  Mary  E.,  a  poetess  of  some  reputation,  is  a 
native  of  New  York.  Her  maiden  name  was  Aiken.  She  was 
married  in  1828  to  JAMES  GORDON  BROOKS,  (see  above,) 
and  in  1829  a  volume  of  their  writings  was  given  to  the 
world,  under  the  title  of  The  Rivals  of  Este,  [by  Mrs. 
Brooks,]  and  other  poems.  Her  Hebrew  melodies  and 
lyrics  have  been  much  admired.  She  is  now  (1854)  a 
resident  of  the  city  of  New  York. 

Brooks,  Nathan  Covington,  b.  1809,  Maryland. 
Pres.  Baltimore  Female  College,  Historian  and  Poet. 
Scriptural  Anthology.  History  of  the  Church.  Literary 
Amaranth.  Collectanea  Evangelica.  History  of  the  Mexi 
can  War.  Editor  of  the  American  Museum,  and  contributor 
to  various  leading  periodicals,  and  the  able  editor  of  a 
valuable  series  of  Greek  and  Latin  Classics. 

"  Brooks's  Ovid  is  a  highly  meritorious  work." 

"  The  History  of  the  Mexican  War  is  acknowledged  to  be  both 
able  and  impartial." 

Brooks,  S.  H.  City,  Town,  and  Country  Architec 
ture,  Lon.,  1847,  fol.  Designs  for  Cottages  and  Villa 
Architecture,  1840,  4to.  Modern  Architecture,  1852,  fol. 

Brooks,  Thomas.  London's  Lamentations,  Lon., 
1670,  4to. 

Brooks,  Thomas.  Charges,  etc.  in  the  East  In 
dies,  1752. 

Brooksbank,  Joseph.     See  BROOKBANK. 

Brookshaw,  George.  Pomona  Britannica,  Lon., 
1805  ;  atlas  fol.,  2  vols.  4to,  1817.  Flower  Painting,  1816, 
<fec.  Horticultural  Repository,  2  vols.  r.  8vo. 

Broom,  Herbert.  Practical  Rules  for  Determining 
Parties  to  Actions,  Digested  and  Arranged  with  Cases, 
Lon.,  1843,  8vo. 

"  A  concise  and  excellent  Treatise  upon  the  subject." — Marvin's 
Legal  Bibl. 

A  Selection  of  Legal  Maxims  Classified  and  Illustrated, 
Lon.,  1845,  8vo ;  3d  edit,  Phila.,  1852,  8vo. 

"  Maxims  are  the  condensed  good  sense  of  nations." — SIB  JAMES 
MACKINTOSH. 

"It  certainly  ought  to  find  a  place  in  the  library  of  every  scien 
tific  lawyer."— ion.  Legal  Observer,  March  22,  1845. 

"  It  is  among  the  few  law-books  that  we  can  bind  and  place  per 
manently  for  constant  use  on  the  handiest  shelf  of  our  book-case." 
— Law  Magazine,  May,  1848. 

"The  practitioner  and  the  student  may  each  resort  to  thia 
work  as  an  ample  storehouse  of  legal  elementary  principles 
and  simple  fundamental  laws." — American  Law  Journal,  June, 
1852. 

Practice  of  the  Superior  Courts  of  Common  Law  with 
Reference  to  Matters  within  their  Concurrent  Jurisdiction, 
Lon.,  1850,  Ac.  Practice  of  the  County  Courts,  1852, 
12mo  ;  2d  ed.,  1857,  8vo.  Commentaries  on  the  Common 
Law,  as  Introductory  to  its  Study,  Lon.,  1855,  8vo;  Amer. 
ed.,  Phila.,  1856,  8vo. 

"This  elementary  work,  by  the  ingenious  author  of  'Legal 
Maxims,'  will  be  found  to  be  of  much  use  to  the  student  in  ex 
plaining  the  present  state  of  the  law  on  many  subjects  not  often 
treated  in  the  standard  books." — Law  Reporter,  Oct.  1856. 

Broom,  Thomas.     Female  Education,  1791,  12mo. 

Broome,  Rev.  Arthur.  Selections  from  the  Writ 
ings  of  Fuller  and  South,  with  Life  and  Character  of  Ful 
ler,  Lon.,  1815,  12mo.  The  Duty  of  Humanity,  abridged 
from  Dr.  Primalt,  Lon.,  1831,  12mo. 

Broome,  Captain  Ralph.  Tracts  rel.  to  W.  Hast 
ings,  <fcc.,  1790-96. 

Broome,  William.     Sermon,  1700,  8vo. 

Broome,  William,  d.  1745,  a  native  of  Cheshire, 
England,  was  educated  at  Eton,  and  at  St.  John's  College. 
He  was  for  some  time  rector  in  Sturston,  in  Suffolk.  In. 
conjunction  with  Ozell  and  Oldisworth,  he  translated  the 
Iliad  into  prose : 

"This  is  the  translation  of  which  Ozell  boasted  as  superior,  in 
Toland's  opinion,  to  that  of  Pope:  it  has  long  since  vanished,  and 
is  now  in  no  danger  from  the  critics." — DR.  JOHNSON. 

Pope  engaged  Fenton  and  Broome  to  aid  him  in  the 
translation  of  the  Odyssey,  and  to  the  share  of  the  latter 
fell  the  2d,  6th,  8th,  llth,  12th,  16th,  18th,  and  23d  books, 
together  with  all  the  notes.  To  Fenton's  lot  fell  the  1st, 
4th,  19th,  and  20th.  The  other  12  books  Pope  translated 
himself.  The  associates  did  their  work  well : 

"The  readers  of  poetry  have  never  been  able  to  distinguish 
their  books  from  those  of  Pope." 

Broome  did  not  consider  himself  liberally  treated  by 
Pope.  It  was  said,  that  whilst  Fenton  received  £300  for 
four  books,  Broome  had  but  about  £500  for  eight  books. 
The  disappointed  labourer  charged  his  master  with  avarice; 
and  Pope,  with  that  petty  spite  which  was  his  strongest 
characteristic,  abused  Broome  in  the  Dunciad,  and  in  the 
Bathos.  Broome's  Poems  on  several  Occasions  were  pub., 
Lon.,  1727,  8vo.  In  the  Gent.  Mag.,  under  the  signature 
of  Chester,  will  be  found  some  of  his  translations  from 
Anacreon.  He  pub.  Two  Sermons,  1737,  4to. 


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*'  Of  Broome,  though  it  cannot  be  said  that  he  was  a  great  poet, 
it  would  be  unjust  to  deny  that  he  was  an  excellent  versifier:  his 
lines  are  smooth  and  sonorous,  and  his  diction  is  select  and  ele 
gant." — Johnson's  Lives  of  the  Poets. 

"  Pope  came  off  clean  with  Homer;  but  they  say 

Broome  went  before,  and  kindly  swept  the  way." — HENLEY. 
Broster,  J.     Progress  of  the  Brosterian  System,  1827, 
8vo.     Removal  of  Impediments  in  Speech. 

Brothai,  F.  Con.  to  Phil.  Trans.,  1671.  Observ.  of 
Missionaries  in  Upper  Egypt. 

Brothers,  Richard.     Prophecies  and  Times,  Lon., 
1794,  8vo.    Explan.  of  the  Trinity,  1795,  8vo.    Other  tracts, 
1798-1802.     See  Watt's  Bibl.  Brit.     The  history  of  this 
madman  is  well  known.     Mr.  Halhed  pub.  a  number  of 
tracts    in   his  vindication,  and    Dr.   (afterwards  Bishop) 
Home  espoused  the  other  side.     See  Knight's  Eng.  Cyc. 
Brotherton,  Thos.    Hort.  Con.  to  Phil.  Trans.,  1637. 
Brough,  Anthony.     Com.  treatises,  1786,  '89,  &c. 
Brough,  William.     Theolog.  treatises,  Lon.,  1657, 
'60,  '72. 

Brougham,  Henry.  Reflections  on  a  book  entitled 
Genuine  Remains  of  Dr.  Thomas  Barlow,  Bishop  of  Lin 
coln,  Lon.,  1694,  4to. 

Brougham,  Henry,  Lord,  b.  Sept.  1778,  at  Edin 
burgh,  a  descendant  of  one  of  the  most  ancient  families 
of  England,  received  his  education  at  the  High  School 
and  the  University  of  his  native  city.  He  soon  became 
distinguished  for  the  zeal  and  success  with  which  he  pur 
sued  his  mathematical  studies.  After  leaving  the  Univer 
sity,  he  travelled  for  some  time  on  the  Continent,  and  on 
his  return  practised  at  the  Bar  in  the  city  of  Edinburgh 
until  1807,  when  he  removed  to  London  and  was  called 
to  the  Bar  by  the  society  of  Lincoln's  Inn.  Three  years 
afterwards  he  entered  Parliament  for  the  borough  of  Ca- 
melford  and  attached  himself  to  the  Whig  opposition. 
In  1816  he  represented  the  borough  of  Winchelsea.  In 
1820  occurred  an  event  which  was  the  means  of  placing 
Mr.  Brougham  in  that  commanding  position  before  the 
public  which  he  has  ever  since  occupied.  Caroline  of 
Brunswick  was  arraigned  before  the  House  of  Lords  as  a 
criminal,  and  Brougham  was  retained  as  her  advocate. 
The  great  talents  of  the  orator  were  employed  in  a  cause 
calculated  to  elicit  their  noblest  efforts,  and,  with  a  nation 
warmly  enlisted  in  favour  of  his  client,  it  is  no  marvel  that 
he  became  the  "popular  idol."  In  1830  he  came  in  as 
Lord-Chancellor  with  Earl  Grey,  and  retained  his  office 
about  four  years.  Since  that  period  the  political  life  of 
his  lordship  is  well  known,  and,  indeed,  hardly  enters 
within  the  scope  of  our  volume.  Lord  Brougham  has  been 
an  eminent  benefactor  to  the  cause  of  literature  and  men 
tal  progress.  In  conjunction  with  Jeffrey,  Murray,  and 
Sydney  Smith,  he  established  in  1802  that  most  valuable 
periodical,  The  Edinburgh  Review,  and  contributed  many 
of  the  best  articles  in  its  pages.  In  1821  he  took  a  pro 
minent  part  in  the  movement  originated  by  Dr.  Birkbeck 
for  naturalizing  the  Mechanics'  Institutes  in  England.  Of 
the  Society  for  the  Diffusion  of  Useful  Knowledge  he  was 
the  principal  founder,  and  is  author  of  several  of  the  trea 
tises  in  the  series,  and  of  a  number  of  the  articles  in  its 
Penny  Magazine.  When  only  seventeen,  he  contributed  to 
the  Trans,  of  Roy.  Soc.  a  paper  on  the  Refraction  and 
Reflection  of  Light.  In  the  following  year,  1797,  he  con 
tributed  another  paper  on  the  same  subject,  and,  in  1798,  a 
paper  entitled  General  Theorems,  chiefly  Porisms  in  the 
Higher  Geometry.  In  1803  he  pub.  at  Edinburgh  his  first 
work,  in  2  vols.  8vo :  The  Colonial  Policy  of'the  European 
Powers.  The  greater  part  of  this  work  relates  to  Ame 
rica,  and  gives  a  review  of  the  policy  of  the  Spanish, 
English,  French,  and  Colonial  administrations,  Slavery,  <fcc. 
A  Letter  to  Sir  Samuel  Romilly  upon  the  Abuse  of  Public 
Charities,  1818.  Ten  eds.  were  issued  in  a  few  months. 
Practical  Observations  upon  the  Education  of  the  People, 
Lon.,  1825,  12mo.  Lives  of  the  Men  of  Letters  and 
Science  who  flourished  in  the  Time  of  George  III.,  1845- 
46,  2  vols.  r.  8vo. 

"  Lord  Brougham  is  fitted  to  digest  immense  materials  into  suc 
cinct  form,  and  to  add  in  each  successive  year  fresh  pearls  of  large 
brilliancy  and  beauty  to  the  chaplet  he  has  already  strung  of  the 
statesmen  and  men  of  letters  of  England."— Lon.  New  Quar.  Rev. 
But  see  a  very  different  opinion  expressed  in  Brit.  Quar. 
Review,  ii.  197,  and  in  Lon.  Quar.  Rev.,  Ixxvi.  62. 

"His  style  is  bold  and  manly,  though  sometimes  strangely  care 
less  and  lounging;  but  it  is  always  expressive  of  his  mind  and 
heart,  and  through  the  most  labyrinthian  sentence  it  is  always 
easy  to  follow  the  sentiment  and  reasoning  of  the  writer." — W.  0. 
PBABODY  :  N.  American  Review,  Ixi.  383. 

Sketches  of  Statesmen  of  the  Time  of  Geo.  III.,  3  vols. 

8vo;  also  in  3  vols.,  1839-43,  r.  8vo;  and  in  6  vols.  18mo. 

Paley's  Natural  Theology,  edited  by  Lord  Brougham  and 

Sir  Chas.  Bell,  4  vols.  p.  8vo. 

254 


These  are  among  the  best  of  Lord  Brougham's  writings,  and 
we  are  satisfied  will  be  cherished  as  valuable  contributions  to  the 
literature  of  his  country,  ages  after  the  names  and  the  works  of 
manv  of  his  enemies  are  forgotten." — Lon.  Economist. 

Political  Philosophy,  1840-44,  3  vols.  8vo. 

"  We  close  these  volumes  with  gratitude  to  the  author  for  much 
amusement,  information,  and  instruction,  with  respect  for  hie 
learning,  and  with  admiration  for  his  genius.  .  .  .  We  have  agreed 
in  opinion  with  Lord  Brougham  much  oftener  than  we  have  dis 
agreed." — Edin.  Rev. 

Opinions  on  Politics,  Theology,  Law,  <fec.,  1837,  p.  8vo. 

"  Of  course,  there  is  much  to  admire,  much  to  agree  with,  and 
much  to  dissent  from,  as  the  minds  of  other  men  are  constituted. 
Altogether,  however,  the  volume  is  a  proud  testimony  to  human 
intellect."— Ion.  Lit.  Gaz. 

Speech  on  the  Laws,  8vo.  Selections  from  his  Speeches 
and  Writings,  1832,  8vo.  Speeches  at  the  Bar  and  in 
Parliament;  new  ed.,  1843,  4  vols.  8vo. 

"This  is  a  work  which  ought  to  be  possessed  by  every  free- 
minded  man  in  the  British  Empire  who  can  afford  to  add  any 
books  at  all  to  his  literary  stores.  The  smaller  the  collection,  so 
much  more  valuable  will  be  such  an  addition  to  it;  for  it  discusses 
almost  all  the  political,  legal,  and  economical  questions,  the  nearest 
to  'men's  business  and  bosoms,'  that  have  arisen  and  been  mooted 
within  the  last  forty  years." — Edin.  Rev. 

"Volumes  more  brilliant  for  wit  or  interest,  more  remarkable 
as  showing  the  astonishing  mental  powers  and  labours  of  the 
author,  have  hardly  appeared,  in  our  day,  at  least." — Brit,  and 
For.  Rev. 

Preliminary  Treatise  to  Natural  Philosophy,  in  a  Collec 
tion  of  Original  Treatises  on  the  Various  Branches  of  Phy 
sical  Science,  4  vols.  8vo.  Lord  B.'s  Preliminary  Treatise  is 
entitled  The  Objects,  Advantages,  and  Pleasures  of  Science. 

"  There  is  no  second  man  in  the  kingdom  who  could  with  such 
admirable  art  have  analyzed  as  it  were  his  mental  wealth,  and 
sent  it  forth  in  a  form  at  once  the  simplest,  the  most  convenient, 
and  the  most  ready  of  access  that  it  was  possible  to  contrive." — 
Lon.  Monthly  Review. 

Essays  on  the  British  Constitution,  1844,  8vo.  Decisions 
in  Chancery,  1833-35,  vol.  i.,  r.  8vo.  Discourse  on  Natural 
Theology ;  new  ed.,  2  vols.  p.  8vo.  Letter  to  Lord  Lans- 
downe  on  the  French  Revolution,  1848,  8vo.  Dialogues 
on  Instinct;  new  ed.,  1849, 18nio.  Albert  Lunel;  or,  The 
Chateau  of  Languedoc,  1844,  3  vols.  p.  8vo. 

"  This  novel  was  siippressed  on  the  eve  of  publication,  and  it  is 
said  not  above  five  copies  are  extant." — LOWNDES. 

This  work  is  ascribed  to  another  hand.  See  Lon.  Athen., 
May  29,  1858,  1596. 

Contrib.  to  Roy.  Soc.  Experiments  and  Observations  on 
the  Properties  of  Light,  1850-52-53.  In  conjunction  with 
E.  J.  Routh,  An  Analytical  View  of  Sir  Isaac  Newton's 
Principia,  1855. 

Works  of  Henry,  Lord  Brougham,  F.R.S.,  Mem.  Nat. 
Inst.  France,  and  of  Roy.  Acad.  of  Naples.  A  new  and 
complete  edition,  prepared  under  the  superintendence  of 
his  lordship.  1.  Critical,  Historical,  and  Miscellaneous 
Works,  1857,  10  vols.  p.  8vo.  Vol.  i.,  Lives  of  Philosophers 
of  the  Time  of  George  III.,  comprising  Black,  Watt, 
Priestley,  Cavendish,  Davy,  Simson,  Adam  Smith,  La 
voisier,  Banks,  and  D'Alembert.  Vol  ii.,  Lives  of  Men  of 
Letters  of  the  Time  of  Geo.  III.,  comprising  Voltaire, 
Rousseau,  Hume,  Robertson,  Johnson,  and  Gibbon.  Vols. 
iii.,  iv.,  v.,  Sketches  of  Eminent  Statesmen  of  the  Reign  of 
Geo.  III. ;  new  ed.,  enlarged  by  numerous  fresh  sketches 
and  other  additional  matter.  Vol.  vi.,  Natural  Theology, 
comprising  a  Discourse  of  Natural  Theology,  Dialogues 
on  Instinct,  and  Dissertations  on  the  Structure  of  the 
Cells  of  Bees  and  on  Fossil  Osteology.  Revised.  Vol.  vii., 
Rhetorical  and  Literary  Dissertations  and  Addresses,  com- 

S-ising  Discourses  of  Ancient  Eloquence,  <fec.     Vol.  viii., 
istorical  and  Political  Dissertations  contributed  to  va 
rious  Periodicals.      Vols.  ix.,  x.,  Speeches  on  Social  and 
Political  Subjects,  with  Historical  Introductions. 

"  Not  only  will  a  large  part  of  his  productions  be  now  brought 
together  for  the  first  time,  but  the  entire  series  has  been  newly 


revised   and  very  extensive  and  important  additions  have  been 

of  the  biographi 
from  personal  knowledge  of  the  great  men  with  whom  he  has 


made  in  every  department.    Many  of  the  biographies  are  sketches 


lived  ;  many  of  the  speeches  must  always  be  ranked  with  the  very 
finest  specimens  of  English  eloquence;  many  of  the  treatises  and 
articles  are  essential  to  a  full  understanding  of  the  social  and  po 
litical  history  of  the  age  in  which  he  has  been  so  prominent  an 
actor;  and,  though  he  must  often  carry  us  here  into  debatable 
questions,  the  liquid  lava  has  cooled  with  time,  and  we  may  tread 
with  the  calmness  of  philosophic  inquirers  the  ground  which  was 
once  alive  with  the  heat  and  passions  of  the  hour." — Lon.  Quar. 
Review.  See  Edin.  Rev.,  April,  1858. 

2.  Contributions  to  the  Edinburgh  Review :  Political, 
Historical,  and  Miscellaneous,  1857,  3  vols.  8vo.  The 
articles  are  comprised  under  Rhetorical,  Historical,  Foreign 
Policy,  Constitutional  Questions,  Political  Economy  and 
Finance,  Commercial  Law,  Physical  Science,  Miscella 
neous.  See  reviews  in  Edin.  Rev.  and  Dubl.  Univ.  Mag. 

"Certainement  parmi  les  modernes  le  meilleur  interprete  de 
Demosthene." — Journal  des  Savants. 


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3.  Paley's  Natural  Theology,  with  Notes  and  Disserta 
tions  by  Lord  Brougham  and  Sir  Charles  Bell,  1857,  3  vols. 
Em.  8vo. 

Brougham,  John.     Sermons,  Lon.,  1813,  2  vols.  8vo. 

Brougham,  John,  b.  May  9, 1814, Dublin,  Ireland;  a 
distinguished  comedian.  Irish  Stories,  Miscellanies,  <fcc., 
N.Y.,  3  vols.  12mo.  Mr.  Brougham  is  the  author  of  one 
hundred  and  fourteen  dramatic  pieces,  comedies,  farces, 
Ac.  Among  his  dramatic  works  the  principal  are  the 
Comedies  of  The  Game  of  Life,  The  Game  of  Love,  Ro 
mance  and  Reality,  and  All's  Fair  in  Love,  and  the 
burlesques  of  Po-co-hon-tas,  Metamora,  Columbus,  <fcc. 
Edited  The  Lantern,  a  humorous  paper  pub.  in  N.  York. 
Contributed  extensively  to  various  magazines.  For  biog. 
notice,  see  Dr.  R.  Shelton  Mackenzie's  Sketch  prefixed  to 
the  first  vol.  of  Mr.  B.'s  plays,  pub.  in  N.  York,  1856. 

Broughton.  On  the  great  Apostacy  from  Christianity, 
with  its  evil  influence  on  the  Civil  State,  1718,  8vo. 

Broughton,  Arthur,  M.D.  Profess,  and  Botanical 
works,  Lon.,  1782-94. 

Broughton,  Brian.  Views  of  N.Wales,  Lon.,  1798,fol. 

Broughton,  Charles.  Theory  of  Numbers,  1814, 4to. 

Broughton,  Mrs.  Eliza.  Six  Years'  Residence  in 
Algiers,  1839,  p.  8vo. 

"The  vivacity,  minute  description,  and  kindly  feeling  every 
where  apparent  in  this  book,  render  it  highly  attractive." — Cham- 
bers's  Cyclopedia  of  Eng.  Lit. 

Broughton,  Hugh,  1549-1612,  celebrated  for  his  pro 
ficiency  in  Hebrew  and  rabbinical  learning,  was  a  native 
of  Oldbury,  in  the  county  of  Salop.  The  celebrated  Ber 
nard  Gilpin  met  a  poor  boy  travelling  on  the  Oxford  road. 
He  was  surprised  at  his  scholarship,  had  him  instructed 
in  his  Houghton  school,  and  in  due  time  sent  him  to  Cam 
bridge,  where  he  became  Fellow  of  Christ  College.  This 
was  the  far-famed  Hugh  Broughton.  Leaving  college, 
and  established  in  London  as  a  preacher,  he  soon  became 
noted.  He  still  pursued  his  studies  with  such  diligence 
as  frequently  to  spend- 16  hours  out  of  the  24  at  hi-:  books. 
We  notice  his  principal  works :  A  Concent  of  Scriptures, 
1588.  This  work  occupied  the  author  several  years ;  there 
fore  he  called  it  his  little  book  of  great  pains.  It  treats 
of  Scripture  chronology  and  genealogy.  It  contains  spe 
cimens  by  W.  Rogers  of  the  earliest  copperplate  engrav 
ing  in  England.  Reprinted,  1620.  See  notice  of  a  copy 
on  vellum  in  Dibdin's  Bibliomania,  and  in  Lowndes's  Bib. 
Manual,  where  will  be  found  a  list  of  Broughton's  works. 
A  Treatise  of  Melchisedeck,  proving  him  to  be  Sem,  Lon., 
1591,  4to.  An  Explication  of  the  Article  of  Christ's  De 
scent  into  Hell,  1599,  4to.  This  led  to  much  controversy, 
in  which  Archbishop  Whitgift  and  Bishop  Bilson  took 
part.  Broughton,  in  pursuing  the  subject,  addressed  An 
Oration  to  the  Geneveans,  which  was  first  pub.  in  Greek  at 
Mentz  by  Albinus,  1601,  8vo.  In  this  he  treats  Beza  with 
great  severity.  Exposition  of  Daniel,  1597,  4to.  On  Ec- 
clesiastes,  <fcc.,  1609,  4to.  Commentaries  on  Daniel,  Ha- 
nau,  1607,  4to;  the  same  in  English,  Bas,  1599,  fol.  The 
Translations  of  Jeremiah,  1608,  4to.  Defence  of  a  Con 
cent  of  Scripture,  1609,  4to.  Trans,  of  Job,  1610,  4to. 
Explanation  of  the  Holy  Apocalypse,  1610,  4to.  Obser 
vations  upon  the  first  Ten  Fathers,  1612,  4to.  The  cele 
brated  Doctor  Lightfoot  pub.  a  collection  of  his  works  in 
1662,  fol.,  under  the  following  title,  The  Works  of  the  great 
Albionean  Divine,  renowned  in  many  nations  for  rare  skill 
in  Salem's  and  Athen's  Tongues,  and  familiar  acquaint 
ance  with  all  Rabbinical  learning,  Mr.  Hugh  Broughton. 
The  eulogy  of  the  editor  is  most  enthusiastic,  and  it  is  the 
praise  of  a  master  in  Israel.  Broughton,  who  played  with 
Greek  and  Hebrew  as  a  poet  toys  with  the  most  familiar 
rhymes,  trans,  the  Prophetical  writings  into  Greek,  and 
the  Apocalypse  into  Hebrew.  He  was  anxious  to  trans 
late  the  whole  of  the  N.  Testament  into  Hebrew,  believ 
ing  that  it  would  have  forwarded  the  conversion  of  the 
Jews.  He  relates  that  a  learned  rabbi  with  whom  he  con 
versed,  once  said  to  him  : 

"  Oh  that  you  would  set  over  all  your  New  Testament  into  such 
Hebrew  as  you  speak  to  me !  you  should  turn  all  our  nation." 

It  cannot  be  said  that  Broughton  enjoyed  a  tranquil  life; 
but  Mr.  Whitaker  thinks  his  troubles  were  self-imposed : 

"He  was  a  writer  of  great  ambition,  vanity,  and  dogmatism, 
and  as  such  was  ridiculed  more  than  once  on  the  stage  by  Ben 
Jouson.  It  was  his  misfortune  to  offend  both  the  High  Church 
and  the  Calvinist  party ;  but  it  must  be  confessed  that  all  the  evils 
of  which  he  complained  were  brought  on  himself."— REV.  J.  W. 
WHITAKER. 

Doubtless  Mr.  William  Gilpin's  unfavourable  character 
of  our  author,  in  the  Life  of  Bernard  Gilpin,  has  led  many 
to  coincide  with  Mr.  Whitaker's  opinion :  but  Dr.  Light- 
foot's  estimate  is  very  different ;  and  it  toas  been  well  said 
that 


Lightfoot  lived  nearer  the  time  of  Broughton  than  that  gen 
tleman  ;  he  had  his  information  concerning  him  from  those  whc 
were  personally  known  to  him ;  and  must,  therefore,  be  presumed 
to  have  had  better  opportunities  of  being  acquainted  with  his  real 
character."— Biog.  Brit. 

As  to  Ben  Jonson's  ridiculing  him  in  his  plays,  that 
proves  nothing  more  than  that  Broughton  was  extensively 
known,  and  had  some  peculiarities  which  made  him  a  good 
subject  for  "  Rare  Ben."  We  need  not  remind  the  classi 
cal  reader  that  some  of  the  greatest  sages  of  antiquity 
were  impressed  into  the  service  of  the  drama  against  their 
own  will.  Dr.  Lightfoot  remarks, 

"  Some  by  the  mere  excitation  of  his  books  have  set  to  the  study 
of  the  Hebrew  tongue  and  come  to  a  very  great  measure  of  know 
ledge  in  it ;  nay,  a  woman  might  be  named  that  hath  done  it." — 
Preface  to  Broughton's  Works,  1662,  fol. 

See  Life  of  Bernard  Gilpin ;  Biog.  Brit. ;  Strype's  Whit- 
gift  ;  Athen.  Oxon.,  Bliss's  edit. 

Broughton,  John.  Psychologia,  or  an  Account  of 
the  Nature  of  a  Rational  Soul,  Lon.,  1703,  8vo.  Sermons, 
1707-22. 

Broughton,  Richard,  d.  1634,  a  Roman  Catholic 
ecclesiastical  historian,  a  native  of  Great  Stukeley  in  Hunt 
ingdonshire,  was  educated  at  Oxford  and  Rheims.  He 
took  priest's  orders  in  1593,  and  was  sent  to  England  as  a 
missionary.  Ecclesiastical  History  of  Great  Britain,  de 
duced  by  Ages  or  Centuries,  Douay,  1633,  fol. 

"  Tho'  'tis  a  rhapsody,  and  a  thing  not  well  digested,  yet  there 
is  a  good  deal  of  reading  shew'd  in  it.  'Tis  said  in  the  title  to  be 
the  first  tome,  as  if  another  was  to  follow." — ANT.  WOOD. 

A  True  Memorial  of  the  Ancient,  most  holy  and  reli 
gious  State  of  Great  Britain,  Ac.  in  the  time  of  the  Bri 
tons  and  primitive  Church  of  the  Saxons.  Monasticon 
Britannicum ;  or  a  historicall  Narration  of  the  first  Found 
ing  and  flourishing  State  of  the  ancient  Monasteries,  reli 
gious  Rules  and  Orders  of  Great  Brittaine  in  the  Tymes 
of  the  Brittaines  and  primitive  Church  of  the  Saxons, 
Lon.,  1655,  8vo. 

"  A  small  book  of  undigested  tales  printed  a  dozen  years  after 
the  death  of  the  author,  by  some  of  his  friends  :  so  that  it  is  pro 
bable  we  have  it  much  more  imperfect  than  he  intended ;  and  in 
such  an  unfinished  condition  as  the  mistaken  kindness  of  execu 
tors  too  frequently  sends  things  abroad." — Bishop  Aficolson's  Eng. 
Hist.  Library. 

Antiquity  of  the  word  Sterlingorum,  or  Stirling.  See 
Hearne's  Collections,  vol.  ii.,  p.  318,  1771.  Account  of 
Forests  in  England,  ib.,  p.  381. 

Broughton,  Rowlande.  A  Briefe  Discourse  of  the 
Lyfe  and  Death  of  the  late  Right  High  and  Honourable 
Sir  William  Pawlett,  Lon.,  1572,  8vo;  reprinted  at  the 
Lee  Priory  press,  Kent,  1818,  8vo,  with  portrait. 

Broughton,  Samuel  Daniel,  1787-1837,  an  Eng 
lish  surgeon,  Royal  Army,  accompanied  his  regiment  to 
Portugal,  and  embodied  his  observations  in  the  journey 
from  Lisbon  to  the  south  of  France  in  a  very  interesting 
volume  entitled  Letters  from  Portugal,  Spain,  and  France, 
written  during  the  Campaigns  of  1812,  '13,  '14,  '15,  8vo. 
He  assisted  Sir  Benjamin  C.  Brodie  in  his  experiments 
upon  poisons :  see  Phil.  Trans. 

Broughton,  Thomas.    Christian  Soldier,  1737, 8vo. 

Broughton,  Thomas,  1704-1774,  a  native  of  Lon 
don,  was  sent  to  Eton,  from  whence  he  removed  in  1722 
to  Gonville  and  Caius  College,  Cambridge.  He  was  or 
dained  deacon,  1727;  priest,  1728;  Rector  of  Stepington, 
Huntingdonshire,  1739;  Vicar  of  Bedminster  near  Bristol, 
1774,  to  which  was  added  a  prebend  in  Salisbury  Cathe 
dral.  He  was  one  of  the  original  writers  of  the  Biogra- 
phia  Britannica.  We  notice  his  principal  works :  An 
Answer  to  Toland's  Christianity  as  old  as  Creation.  Trans, 
of  Voftaire's  Temple  of  Taste.  An  edition  of  Jarvis's 
Don  Quixote.  Poems  and  trans,  of  Dryden,  2  vols.  Her 
cules;  a  Musical  Drama.  Bibliotheca  Historico-Sacra 
an  Hist.  Diet,  of  all  Religions,  Lon.,  1737-39,  2  vols.  fol. ; 
1776;  trans,  into  German.  Bishop  Tomline  recommends 
this  work. 

"  Broughton  is  in  some  respects  a  weak  and  credulous  writer, 
and.  inspired  with  an  ardent  zeal  for  orthodoxy  and  against 
schism  readily  admits  every  charge  against  the  heretics  exhibited 
against  them  by  the  Fathers,  who  frequently  condemned  them  on 
mere  report."— LOWNDES. 

A  Prospect  of  Futurity,  1768,  8vo.  Sermons,  1745,  '52, 
79.  Mr.  B.  made  some  trans,  from  Addison's  Travels. 
Trans,  the  Mottos  of  The  Spectator,  Guardian,  and  Free 
holder,  and  some  classical  pieces.  Bishop  Sherlock  had  a 
very  high  opinion  of  Broughton's  merits. 

Broughton,  Thomas.  Letters  written  in  a  Mah- 
ratta  Camp  in  1809,  Lon.,  1813,  4to. 

"  This  is  a  lively,  entertaining,  and  well-written  book,  and  we 
can  conscientiously  recommend  it  to  our  readers."— Edin.  Review. 
A  work  containing  both   instruction  and   amusement,  but 
written-  in  a  very  diffuse  style."— London  Quarterly  Review. 

255 


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Selections  of  the  Popular  Poetry  of  the  Hindoos,  trans. 
1814,  8vo. 

Broughton,  William.     Sermon,  1726,  8vo. 

Broughton,  William  Robert.  A  Voyage  of  Dis 
covery  to  the  North  Pacific  Ocean  in  the  Years  1795,  '96, 
97,  '98,  Lon.,  1804,  4to. 

Broun,  Joannes,  a  Scotchman.  Tractatus  de  Causa 
Dei  Contra  Anti-Sabbatarios,  Kotterd.,  1674-76,  2  vols. 
4to.  He  pub.  another  work  in  Latin  against  Wolzogen 
and  Velthusii,  Amst.,  1670,  12mo. 

Broun,  William.  Impiety  and  Superstition  Ex 
posed  ;  a  Poem,  Edin.,  1710,  4to. 

Brouncker,  William,  Viscount,  of  Castle  Lyons, 
in  Ireland,  b.  about  1620,  d.  1684,  created  Doctor  of  Physic  | 
at  Oxford  in  1646,  was  eminent  for  his  proficiency  in  the  j 
Mathematics.     He  contributed  some  mathemat.  papers  to  j 
Phil.  Trans.,  1673,  and  pub.  in  1653  (anon.)  a  trans,  of  Des 
Cartes'  Musicae  Compendium,  4to. 

"  Enriched  with  observations  wliich  show  that  he  was  deeply 
skilled  in  the  theory  of  the  Science  of  Music."— Bib.  Brit. 

Browell,  James.  Account  of  Navies,  Lon.,  1799,  4to. 

Brown.  Observ.  on  King  Charles  I.'s  Letters,  Lon., 
1645,  4to. 

Brown.  Duty  of  H.  Constables  of  Hundreds,  Lon.,1677. 

Brown.     Remons.  to  Parliament,  1680,  fol. 

Brown.     Carpenter's  Joynt  Rule,  1684,  8vo. 

Brown.     Letters  to  a  Friend,  1690,  fol. 

Brown  and  Jackson.     Calculator,  1815,  8vo. 

Brown,  Miss.     Hist.  Recreations,  Lon.,  1849,  18mo. 

"  A  very  nice  little  work  for  the  recreation  and  instruction  ol 
students  in  History." — Court  Journal. 

Brown,  Alexander.  Appendix  to  the  Art  of  Paint 
ing,  Lon.,  1675. 

Brown,  Alexander   C.     Colony  Commerce,  1792. 

Brown,  Andrew.     Con.  to  Edin.  Med.  Ess.,  1736. 

Brown,  Andrew.  History  of  Glasgow,  and  of  Pais 
ley,  Greenock,  and  Port-Glasgow,  Glasg.,  1795;  Edin., 
1797,  2  vols.  8vo. 

Brown,  Anna  S.,  daughter  of  Townsend  Sharplesa, 
a  well-known  philanthropist  of  Philadelphia.  Stories  for 
Alice,  [in  rhyme,]  1854,  12mo. 

Brown,  Anthony.     Laws  of  Antigua,  Lon.,  1806. 

Brown,  Sir  Anthony.     See  BACON,  SIR  NICHOLAS. 

Brown,  Charles.    Med.  Treatises,  Lon.,  1798,  '99. 

Brown,  Charles  Armitage.  Shakespeare's  Auto 
biographical  Poems,  being  his  Sonnets  clearly  Developed, 
&c.,  p.  8vo. 

"In  closing  this  volume  and  recommending  it  strongly  to  the 
reader's  perusal,  we  are  fain  to  add  to  our  many  expressions  of 
satisfaction  the  assurance  that  we  shall  look  to  any  future  pro 
duction  of  the  same  pen  with  high  interest." — Dublin  Review. 

Brown,  Charles  Brockden,  1771-1810,  a  native  of 
Philadelphia,  descended  from  ancestors  who  emigrated  to 
Pennsylvania  in  the  same  ship  which  carried  William  Penn 
to  his  new  colony,  earned  considerable  distinction  by  the 
authorship  of  a  number  of  novels  of  the  Radcliffe  or  Godwin 
school.  Wieland,  or  The  Transformation,  was  pub.  in  1798; 
in  Lon.,  1811.  Ormond,  or  The  Secret  Witness,  appeared 
in  1799;  in  Lon.,  1811.  This  novel  was  not  so  successful 
as  its  predecessor.  Arthur  Mervyn,  his  next  production, 
gives  a  graphic  picture  of  the  ravages  of  the  yellow  fever 
in  Philadelphia.  It  was  repub.  in  London  in  1803.  This 
was  followed  by  Edgar  Huntly,  or  The  Memoirs  of  a  Sleep- 
Walker,  1801 ;  repub.  in  London  in  1804.  In  this  work 
the  author  has  incorporated  portions  of  his  first  and  un 
published  novel,— Sky-Walk,  or  The  Man  Unknown  to 
Himself.  Clara  Howard  appeared  in  1801,  (repub.  in  Lon 
don  in  1806  under  the  title  of  Philip  Stanley,)  and  Jane 
Talbot  in  the  same  year.  The  last  two  are  considered 
much  inferior  to  his  earlier  productions.  An  unfinished 
novel— Memoir  of  Carwin,  the  Biloquist,  (the  germ  of 
Wieland,)— will  be  found  in  Dunlap's  Life  and  Selections 
from  the  Works  of  Brown,  1815,  vol.  ii.  200-201.  Mr. 
Brown  pub.  (1803-09)  a  number  of  political  pamphlets, 
prepared  with  more  care  than  is  usually  given  to  produc 
tions  of  an  ephemeral  character,  and  contributed  many 
articles  to  The  Columbus  Magazine,  The  Weekly  Magazine, 
Ac.  In  1799  he  commenced  the  publication  of  The  Monthly 
Magazine  and  American  Review,  which  lived  about  a  year 
only.  In  1803  he  made  another  attempt  to  establish  a 
periodical,  and  The  Literary  Magazine  and  American  Re 
gister — to  which  he  was  the  principal  contributor was 

sustained  for  five  years,  (8  vols.  8vo.)     The  American  Re 
gister — another  project  of  his,  commenced  in  1807 was 

pub.  in  semi-annual  volumes  (7  in  all)  until  his  death  in 
1810.    He  made  a  translation  of  his  friend  Volney's  Travels 
in  the  United  States,  1804;  wrote  a  Memoir  of  the  Rev. 
256 


Dr.  John  Blair  Linn,  (whose  sister  he  married  in  1804,) 
prefixed  to  Valerian,  1805 ;  pub.  Memoirs  of  Stephen  Cal- 
vert;  and  edited,  with  Life,  C.  H.  Wilson's  Beauties  of 
Tom  Brown,  Lon.,  1810,  12mo. 

That  Mr.  Brown  possessed  a  mind  of  remarkably  inven 
tive  powers,  and  enjoyed  an  uncommon  facility  of  graphic 
composition,  no  one  perhaps  will  deny  who  has  read  the 
most  indifferent  of  his  novels.  His  faults  are  equally  con 
spicuous,  and  among  these  has  been  reckoned  an  extrava 
gant  departure  from  the  realities  of  every-day  life;  but 
from  this  charge  Dr.  Griswold  relieves  him : 

*'  It  has  been  said  that  he  outraged  the  laws  of  art  by  gross  Im 
probabilities  and  inconsistencies,  but  the  most  incredible  of  his  in 
cidents  had  parallels  in  true  history,  and  the  metaphysical  unity 
and  consistency  of  his  novels  are  apparent  to  all  readers  familiar 
with  psychological  phenomena.  His  works,  generally  written  with 
great  rapidity,  are  incomplete,  and  deficient  in  method.  He  dis 
regarded  rules  and  cared  little  for  criticism.  But  his  style  was 
clear  and  nervous,  with  little  ornament,  free  of  affectations,  and 
indicated  a  singular  sincerity  and  depth  of  feeling." — Griswold's 
Prose  Writers  of  America :  q.v.fora.n  interesting  review  of  Brown's 
literary  labours. 

For  some  years  after  his  death,  his  novels  seem  to  have 
been  almost  forgotten.  Mr.  Verplanck  complained  in  1819, 
"  He  is  very  far  from  being  a  popular  writer.  There  is  no  call, 
as  far  as  we  know,  for  a  second  edition  of  any  of  his  works.  He  is 
rarely  spoken  of  but  by  those  who  have  an  habitual  curiosity  about 
every  thing  literary,  and  a  becoming  pride  in  all  good  writing 
which  appears  amongst  ourselves.  They  have  not  met  with  the 
usual  success  of  leaders  in  matters  of  taste,  since,  with  all  their 
admiration,  they  have  not  been  able  to  extend  his  celebrity  much 
beyond  themselves." — JV.  American  Review,  ix.  64. 

Eight  years  after  the  above  was  written,  an  edition  of 
the  novels  appeared  in  Boston,  in  7  vols.  It  is  well  known 
that  Godwin,  the  Sir  Hildebrand  Horrible  of  the  English 
novelists,  warmly  admired  Brown,  and  acknowledged  his 
obligations  to  him.  Brown  in  his  turn  admired,  and  ap 
pears  to  have  imitated,  portions  of  Caleb  Williams. 

"  His  talent  for  stirring  the  expectation  of  the  reader,  and  keep 
ing  his  anxiety  alive  from  first  to  last,  throughout  some  hazardous 
encounter,  or  mysterious  event,  can  scarcely  be  paralleled  in  the 
history  of  fiction.  .  .  .  Upon  the  whole,  this  author  may  be  con 
sidered  as  one  of  the  best  writers  of  romantic  narrative  (we  give 
up  character)  that  the  present  age  has  produced.  There  is  scarcely 
any  one,  indeed,  who  is  so  eloquent  as  he  oftentimes  is ;  and  not 
one  who  can  excite  such  breathless  apprehension,  or  so  sublime  a 
solitary  fact.  The  only  incidents  that  can  be  compared  to  Brown 
are, — the  scene  under  the  cliffs  in  the  Antiquary,  and  that  between 
the  two  ladies  and  the  panthers  in  the  Pioneers."— Vol.  ix.  317,1824. 

New  ed.,  Phila.,  1857,  6  vols.  12mo.  See  also  Brown's 
Life  prefixed  to  his  novels,  ed.  1827,  by  Wm.  Dunlap ; 
Life,  by  Wm.  H.  Prescott,  in  Spark's  Amer.  Biog.,  1st  Ser., 
1834,  117-180, — reprinted  in  Prescott's  Miscellanies,  1855, 
1-56 ;  Lon.  Month.  Rev.,  xcix.  151 ;  Lon.  Retrosp.  Rev. ; 
Amer.  Quar.  Rev.,  viii.  312 ;  Amer.  Whig  Rev.,  vii.  260 ; 
U.S.  Lit.  Gaz.,  vi.  321. 

Brown,David.  Works  on  Hand  Writing,  1622,  '38, 4to. 

Brown,  David,  d.  1812,  educated  at  Magdalen  Col 
lege,  Cambridge ;  Chaplain  to  the  East  India  Company, 
1794;  Provost  of  the  College  of  Fort  William,  1800. 

Memorial  Sketches  of,  with  a  selection  of  his  Sermons 
preached  at  Calcutta,  Lon.,  1816,  8vo:  edited  by  the  Rev. 
Charles  Simeon. 

"  His  sermons  breathe  the  true  spirit  of  a  Christian  Minister; 
they  state  in  very  forcible  terms  the  fundamental  doctrines  of  our 
holy  religion;  and  they  are  admirably  adapted  to  stir  up  in  the 
minds  of  all  who  read  them,  an  ardent  love  to  our  Saviour,  and  a 
holy  zeal  in  his  service." — REV.  CHARLES  SIMEON. 

Brown,  David.  Christ's  Second  Coming :  Will  it  be 
Pre-Millennial  ?  2d  ed.  1847,  p.  8vo. 

"  A  noble  defence  of  precious  truth,  comprehending  a  whole  li 
brary  of  reading,  and  which,  we  think,  will  be  the  death-blow  of 
the  millennian  theory."— Free  Church  Mag. 

"  Mr.  Brown  has  argumentatively  destroyed  pre-millennialism, 
root  and  branch." —  Watchman. 

BrOAVn,  David,  d.  1829,  a  North  American  (Cherokee) 
Indian,  assisted  John  Arch  in  preparing  the  Cherokee  Spell 
ing  Book,  and  wrote  in  1825  a  Letter  giving  some  account 
of  the  Cherokees. 

Brown,  David  Paul,  b.  in  Philadelphia,  1795,  ad 
mitted  to  the  Bar,  1816,  contributed  in  early  life  to  peri 
odical  literature ;  wrote  Sertorius,  or  The  Roman  Patriot, 
a  Tragedy,  and  The  Prophet  of  St.  Paul's,  a  Melo-Drama, 
in  1830,  (both  performed  and  published;)  subsequently 
composed  The  Trial ;  a  Tragedy,  and  Love  and  Honour,  a 
Farce ;  and,  in  1856,  pub.  The  Forum,  or  Forty  Years' 
Full  Practice  at  the  Philadelphia  Bar,  2  vols.  8vo.  Ex 
cellent.  See  Livingston's  Biographies ;  Reese's  Dramatic 
Authors  of  America;  Walsh's  Amer.  Quar.  Rev.;  Chris. 
Review,  July,  1858  ;  South.  Lit.  Mess.,  July,  1858.  Two 
vols.  more  of  The  Forum,  and  four  vols.  of  Mr.  Brown's 
Speeches,  are  announced  to  be  published  in  January,  1859. 

Brown,  Edward,  Rector  of  Sundridge,  Kent.  Fas 
ciculus  Rerum  expetendarum  et  fugiendarum  prout  ab  Or- 


BRO 

thuino  Gratio  editus,  Londini,  2  vols.  fol.;  first  pub.  at 
Cologne  in  1535,  by  Orthuinus  Gratius.  The  tracts  relate 
to  the  Council  of  Basil,  early  reformers,  and  the  errors  of 
the  Church  of  Rome.  Trans,  into  English  of  Father  Paul's 
Letters,  with  preface.,  Lon.,  1693,  Svo. 

Brown,  Edward.  Descrip.  of  an  Annual  World,  Ac., 
1641,  Svo.  Warning  Piece  for  England,  1643,  4to. 

Brown,  Edward,  Rector  of  Langley,  Kent.  Sermons, 
1699,  4to. 

Brown,  Edward.  Travels  and  Adventures  of  Ed 
ward  Brown,  formerly  a  Merchant  in  London,  Lon.,  1739, 
Svo.  Written  by  John  Campbell,  LL.D. 

Brown,  Frances,  b.  1816,  is  a  native  of  Stranorlar, 
county  of  Donegal,  Ireland,  where  she  is  known  by  the 
name  of  "  The  Blind  Poetess  of  Ulster."  Lyrics,  and  Mis 
cellaneous  Poems,  Lon.,  1847, 12mo.  The  Star  of  Atteghgi, 
and  other  Poems,  Lon.,  1844,  12mo.  Her  poems  are  much 
admired. 

"  The  bard  gathers  dignity  from  the  darkness  amid  which  she 
sings,  as  the  darkness  itself  is  lightened  by  the  song,"—  Prrface  to 
vol.  pub.  in  1844. 

Brown,  Francis,  D.D.,  1784-1820,  President  of  Dart 
mouth  College,  a  native  of  New  Hampshire,  pub.  several 
sermons,  1810-14. 

Brown,  George.     Arithmetical  Treatises,  1700-18. 

Brown,  Goold,  1 791-1857,  an  American  grammarian. 
1.  Institutes  of  English  Grammar,  N.  York,  1823,  '32,  '46, 
12mo.  2.  First  Lines  of  English  Grammar,  1823,  '27, 18mo  ; 
1844,  12mo.  3.  Grammar  of  English  Grammars,  N.  York, 
1850-51,  8vo;  2d  ed.,  1857,  Svo,  pp.  1070.  Prefixed  to 
this  work  is  a  valuable  Digested  Catalogue  of  English 
Grammars  and  Grammarians,  Ac.  Other  grammatical 
treatises :  vide  supra. 

Brown,  Henry.  Trans,  from  the  Greek  of  Justin 
Martyr's  Dialogue  with  Trypho  the  Jew,  1755,  2  vols.  Svo. 

Brown,  Henry.  History  of  Illinois,  New  York, 
1844,  Svo. 

Brown,  Hugh.  Principles  of  Gunnery,  Lon.,  1777, 4to. 

Brown,  Humphrey.  The  Ox  muzzled  or  Ox-ford 
dried,  or  a  Vindication  of  the  Churches  Rights  against  her 
Sacrilegious  Enemies,  Lon.,  1649,  4to. 

Brown,  Isaac  Baker,  Surgeon  Accoucheur  to  St. 
Mary's  Hospital,  London.  Treatment  of  Scarlatina,  Lon., 
1846,  p.  Svo.  On  some  Diseases  of  Women  admitting  of 
Surgical  Treatment,  1854,  Svo. 

Brown,  J.     Mathemat  Tables;  2d  ed.,  1808,  Svo. 

Brown,  J.  H.  Elements  of  English  Grammar :  see 
GENGEMBRE,  P.  W. 

Brown,  J.  Xewton,  born  in  New  London, Conn.,  1803 ; 
grad.  Hamilton  Lit.  and  Theol.  Inst,  (now  Madison  Univ.,) 
June,  1823.  Life  and  Times  of  Menno,  18mo,  pp.  72, 1853. 
Baptismal  Balance,  18mo,  pp.  72,  1853.  Baptist  Church 
Manual,  18mo,  pp.  26,  1853.  Obligation  of  the  Sabbath, 
(A  Discussion  with  W.  B.  Taylor,)  18mo,  pp.  300,  1853.  En 
cyclopedia  of  Religious  Knowledge,  Boston,  1835.  Apoca 
lypse,  a  Poem,  1836.  Emily  and  other  Poems,  pp.  276, 1840. 
Practical  Works  of  John  Bunyan,  8  vols.  12mo,  1852; 
with  about  150  smaller  books,  as  Editorial  Secretary  of  the 
Amer.  Bap.  Pub.  Soc.  for  the  last  four  years.  He  is  now 
(1858)  writing  a  new  History  of  the  Church  from  a  strictly 
Christian  point  of  view,  aiming  to  unfold  its  evangelical 
constitution  and  spirit  impartially  through  all  ages. 

Brown,  James.     Scripture  Redemption,  Lon.,  1673. 

Brown,  James,  1709-1787,  originated  The  Directory, 
or  List  of  Principal  Traders  in  London,  first  pub.  in  1782. 
He  consigned  the  project  to  Kent,  the  printer,  who  made 
a  fortune  by  the  annual  publication  of  a  similar  volume. 
Brown  pub.  (anon.)  Orations  of  Isocrates. 

Brown,  James,  Vicar  of  Kingston  near  Taunton, 
Somersetshire.  Funeral  Sermon,  1756,  Svo. 

Brown,  James.     The  Frolic ;  a  Play,  1783,  Svo. 

Brown,  James,  Miss'y  in  the  Province  of  Georgia. 
The  Restitution  of  all  Things,  1785,  Svo.  Civil  Govern 
ment,  1792,  Svo. 

Brown,  James,  D.D.,  of  Bam  well,  Northampton 
shire.  An  attempt  towards  an  Explanation  of  the  Book 
of  Revelation,  Ac.,  Lon.,  1812,  Svo. 

Brown,  James.     Con.  to  Trans.  Hortic.  Soc.,  1817. 

Brown,  James.  The  Forester;  being  a  Practical 
Treatise  on  the  Formation,  Draining,  and  Fencing  of 
Plantations ;  the  Planting,  Rearing,  and  Management  of 
Forest  Trees ;  the  Cutting  and  Preparation  of  Wood  for 
Sale ;  with  an  Improved  Process  for  the  Transplantation 
of  Trees  of  large  size.  A  new  edition,  greatly  enlarged, 
with  109  Illustrations  engraved  on  wood,  demy  Svo. 

"  Beyond  all  doubt  this  is  the  best  work  on  the  subject  of  Fo 
restry  extant." — Gardeners'  Journal. 
17 


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"  We  can  refer  to  this  volume  as  THE  BOOK  to  be  recommended." 
— Lindley's  Gardener's  Journal. 

Brown,  James.  Grammatical  works,  Bost,  Salem, 
and  Phila.,  1815-41.  See  Goold  Brown's  Grammar  of 
Grammars,  Cat.,  xiii. 

Brown,  James  B.  Views  of  Canada  and  the  Colonists. 

"The  intelligence  conveyed  is  not  only  abundant,  but  of  great 
value." — Church  and  State  Gazette. 

Brown,  James  Baldwin,  LL.D.,  1781-1843.  Mem. 
of  John  Howard,  4to.  Studies  of  First  Principles ;  with  a 
Preface  by  the  Rev.  Thomas  Binney,  12mo. 

"  A  valuable  contribution  to  our  higher  popular  religious  library, 
and  an  incontestable  evidence  that  the  author  has  a  dignified,  en 
larged,  and  correct  appreciation  of  the  Christian  economy  and  life." 
— jAm.  Biblical  Review. 

Other  works,  Historical,  Biographical,  and  Poetical. 
See  Bibl.  Brit 

Brown,  or  Browne,  John,  Surgeon  at  St.  Thomas's 
Hospital,  London.  A  Complete  Treatise  of  the  Muscles, 
as  they  appear  in  the  Human  Body,  and  arise  in  Dissec 
tion.  Illustrated  with  Copperplates.  Lon.,  1671,  '81,  '98, 
fol.  Complete  Description  of  Wounds,  both  general  and 
practical,  1678,  4to.  Other  profess,  treatises,  1678-1703. 

Brown,  John,  D.D.,  a  native  of  Rothbury,  in  Nor 
thumberland,  was  educated  at  St.  John's  College,  Cam 
bridge  ;  obtained  the  living  of  Great  Horkesley,  Essex, 
1754;  Vicar  of  St.  Nicholas,  Newcastle,  about  1758;  com 
mitted  suicide,  when  insane,1766.  Honour,  a  Poem.  Essay 
on  Satire.  Two  Sermons,  1746,  4to.  A  Sermon  on  Gam 
ing,  Ac.,  preached  at  Bath,  April  22, 1750.  In  consequence 
of  this  sermon,  the  public  gambling  tables  at  Bath  were 
suppressed  by  the  magistracy.  Essays  on  Shaftesbury's 
Characteristics,  Lon.,  1751,  8vo :  suggested  to  Brown  by 
Warburton,  and  to  Warburton  by  Pope,  who  told  Warbur- 
ton  that  to  his  knowledge  the  Characteristics  had  done 
more  harm  to  revealed  religion  in  England  than  all  the 
other  works  of  infidelity  put  together.  The  Essays  were 
so  popular  that  a  5th  edit,  was  pub.  in  1764.  A  Defence 
of  Pitt  Letter  to  Dr.  Lowth,  1766,  Svo.  Diss.  on  Poetry 
and  Musick,  1763,  4to.  Brown  pub.  a  number  of  other 
theological  and  literary  works,  1754-66,  but  the  only  one 
which  gave  him  great  reputation  was  An  Estimate  of  the 
Manners  and  Principles  of  the  Times,  Lon.,  1757,  Svo. 
This  proved  to  be  one  of  the  most  popular  treatises  ever 
pub.  in  the  language;  no  less  than  seven  editions  being 
called  for  in  little  more  than  a  year  from  its  appearance. 
A  second  vol.  was  pub.  in  1758,  and  an  edition  in  3  parts, 
with  an  explanatory  Defence  of  it,  1760-61. 

"It  was  perhaps  as  extravagantly  applauded,  and  as  extrava 
gantly  censured,  as  any  book  that  was  ever  written.  The  design 
of  it  was  to  show  that  'a  vain,  luxurious,  and  selfish  effeminacy, 
in  the  higher  ranks  of  life,'  marked  the  character  of  the  age,  and 
to  point  out  the  effects  and  sources  of  this  effeminacy.  And  it 
must  be  owned,  that,  in  the  prosecution  of  it,  the  author  has  given 
abundant  proofs  of  great  discernment  and  solidity  of  judgment,  a 
deep  insight  into  human  nature,  and  extensive  knowledge  of  the 
world;  and  that  he  has  marked  the  peculiar  features  of  the  time 
with  great  justice  and  accuracy." 

He  committed  suicide,  Sept.  23,  1766,  in  his  51st  year. 

Brown,  John,  1722-1787,  a  native  of  Carpow,  county 
of  Perth,  Scotland,  a  schoolmaster  and  divine  at  Hadding- 
ton,  attained  great  distinction  by  his  knowledge  of  lan 
guages,  acquired  by  his  own  industry,  without  the  aid  of 
teachers'.  He  was  acquainted  with  Latin,  Greek,  Hebrew, 
Persian,  Syriac,  Ethiopic,  Arabic,  French,  Italian,  and 
German.  Two  Short  Catechisms,  Edin.,  1764 ;  Glasg.,1777, 
12mo.  The  Christian's  Journal,  Edin.,  1765.  Dictionary 
of  the  Holy  Bible  on  the  plan  of  Calmet,  Lon.,  1769,  2 
vols.  Svo ;  often  reprinted. 

"  A  useful  rather  than  a  profound  work ;  and  has  contributed 
very  considerably  to  disseminate  religious  information  in  this 
country.  As  it  was  intended  chiefly  for  common  readers,  the  au 
thor,  though  a  man  of  learning,  and  very  general  information,  pur 
posely  avoided  a  display  of  learning."— ORME. 

"  Allowances  being  made  for  some  of  his  sentiments,  his  work 
may  be  advantageously  substituted  for  Calmet's,  the  price  of 
which  necessarily  places  it  above  the  reach  of  many  persons."— 

"  A  very  valuable  body  of  information  on  divinity."— BICKER- 

8TETH. 

Self-Interpreting  Bible,  Lon.,  1791,  2  vols.  4to.  Simply 
an  edition  of  the  Scriptures,  with  many  marginal  refer 
ences,  short  notes,  and  reflections. 

"  An  admirable  book,  either  for  ministers  or  families." 

A  new  edit  by  Rev.  John  Barr,  with  the  assistance  of 
the  author's  son  and  grandson,  was  recently  pub.  by  Blackie 
A  Son,  Glasgow,  and  in  Lon.  in  1838.  A  General  History 
of  the  Christian  Church  to  the  present  Times,  Edin.,  1771, 
2  vols.  12mo.  A  very  useful  compendium,  somewhat  on 
the  plan  of  Mosheim  or  Lampe.  Other  theolcgical  works. 

Brown,  John,  d.  1679,  of  the  Scotch  Church.  Rot 
terdam*  Christ  the  Way,  the  Truth,  and  the  Life,  Rott, 


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1677, 12mo.  Quakerism  the  Pathway  to  Paganism,  in  an 
swer  to  R.  Barclay's  Apology,  Edin.,  1678,  4to.  An  Ex 
planation  of  the  Epistle  to  the  Romans,  Edin.,  1679,  4to. 
•'  The  author  was  a  Calvinist  of  the  old  school,  a  man  of  learn 
ing,  piety,  and  good  sense.  The  work  is  heavy,  but  valuable; 
chiefly  as  a  doctrinal  and  practical  exposition." — ORME. 

Brown,  John,  D.D.,  b.  1785,  Whitburn,  Linlithgow- 
shire,  Senior  Minister  of  the  United  Presby.  Congr., 
Broughton  Place,  Edin.,  Prof,  of  Theology,  &c.,  grandson 
of  John  Brown  of  Haddington,  has  pub.  a  number  of 
theological  works,  1821-52.  We  notice  a  few.  Expository 
Discourses  on  the  First  Epistle  to  the  Romans ;  2d  ed., 
Edin.,  1849,  2  vols.  8vo.  Discourses  and  Sayings  of  our 
Lord  Jesus  Christ;  2d  ed.,  Edin.,  1852,  3  vols.  8vo. 

"  These  volumes  add  fresh  lustre  to  Dr.  Brown's  well-deserved 
reputatirn  as  a  Biblical  scholar  and  practical  theologian.  They 
bear  the  impress  of  keen  critical  sagacity,  of  calm,  comprehensive, 
and  independent  judgment,  of  extensive  research,  of  sound  exe- 
getical  principles,  and  of  the  most  devout  and  loving  reverence 
for  Him  whose  '  Sayings'  they  illustrate.  They  are  exquisite  and 
exhaustive  expositions  of  the  words  of  our  Lord." — Eclectic  Rev. 
"  A  noble  work." — Free  Church  Magazine. 

"One  of  the  most  valuable  expository  works  in  our  language." 
— Baptist  Magazine. 

An  Exposition  of  our  Lord's  Intercessory  Prayer,  Edin., 
1850,  8vo.  Discourses  suited  to  the  Administration  of  the 
Lord's  Supper,  Edin.,  1823,  12mo.  Highly  commended. 
The  Resurrection  of  Life,  Edin.,  1852,  Svo.  Expository 
Lectures  on  the  First  Epistle  of  Peter,  2d  ed.,  1849,  Svo. 
Of  this  work,  the  North  British  Review  says  : 

"  It  is  neither  Scottish  nor  German,  but  sprung  from  the  high 
and  rare  union  of  the  best  qualities  of  both  schools  in  a  single 
mind.  It  has  the  Scottish  clearness,  precision,  orthodoxy,  practi 
cality;  the  German  learning,  minuteness  of  investigation,  and 
disregard  of  tradition ;  and  for  certain  qualities  too  rare  in  both — 
resolute  adherence  to  the  very  truth  of  the  passage — unforced  de 
velopment  of  the  connection,  and  basing  of  edification  on  the  right 
meaning  of  the  Scripture,  we  have  not  jnet  with  any  thing  in  either 
country  that  surpasses  it." 

The  Sufferings  and  Glories  of  the  Messiah,  1853,  Svo.  Ex 
position  of  the  Epistle  of  Paul  to  the  Galatians,  1853,  Svo. 
Brown,  John.    Chem.  Con.  to  Phil.  Trans.,  1722,  '24. 
Brown,  John.     Sermon,  1758,  Svo.     On  Baptism, 
1764,  Svo. 

Brown,  John.  The  Psalms  in  Metre,  1775,  Svo.  The 
Bible,  with  Notes,  Edin.,  1778,  2  vols.  4to. 

Brown,  John,  M.D.,  1735-1788,  the  author  of  the 
Brunonian  system  in  Medicine,  was  a  native  of  Berwick 
shire.  He  was  placed  at  school  at  Dunse,  and  soon  dis 
tinguished  himself  by  his  proficiency  in  the  Greek  and 
Latin  classics.  He  lectured  on  medicine  at  Edinburgh, 
and  had  his  theory  of  medicine  and  practice  of  life  been 
better,  nothing  could  have  prevented  his  attaining  to  great 
eminence.  His  new  positions  were  embodied  in  Eleinenta 
Medicinae,  in  Latin,  1780,  Svo.  Editio  alteram  plurimum 
emendata  et  integrum  demum  opus  exibens,  Edin.,  1787, 
2  vols.  Svo ;  1794,  Svo.  His  work  has  been  trans,  into 
many  languages.  The  author  pub.  an  English  version, 
Lon.,  1788,  2  vols.  Svo ;  a  new  edit,  by  Dr.  Beddoes,  1795, 

2  vols.  Svo.     Dr.  Brown  pub.  Edin.,  1787,  Svo,  Observa 
tions  on  the  Principles  of  the  Old  System  of  Physic,  ex 
hibiting  a  compound  of  the  New  Doctrine,  Ac.    This  work 
contains  a  violent  attack  upon  Dr.  Cullen's  doctrine  of 
Spasms.     Dr.  C.  had  been  a  warm  friend  of  Dr.  Brown's 
and  dissuaded  him  from  seeking  a  professorship  in  one  of 
the  colleges  of  America,  which  was  Brown's  favourite 
scheme.     Unfortunately,  variance  succeeded  to  friendship 
A  new  edit,  of  Dr.  Brown's  works  was  pub.  in  1804,  Lon. 

3  vols.  Svo,  by  Dr.  William  Cullen  Brown.     Mr.  Pettigrew 
proves  Brown  to  have  been  a  better  man  than  the  popular 
estimate  of  his  character  would  indicate.     The  Brunonian 
tl  eory  has  been  thus  summed  up, — imperfectly,  no  doubt : 

"  All  general  or  universal  diseases  were  reduced  to  two  greal 
families  or  classes,— the  sthenic  and  the  asthenic ;  the  former  de 
pending  upon  excess,  the  latter  upon  deficiency,  of  exciting  power 
The  former  were  to  be  removed  by  debilitating,  the  latter  by  sti 
mulant,  medicines,  of  which  the  most  valuable  and  powerful  are 
brandy  and  opium." 

The  controversy,  pro  and  con.,  was  carried  on  with  grea 
ardour.  So  keen  became  the  wordy  war  at  the  Royal 
Medical  Society  that  a  number  of  duels  were  fought,  and  a 
law  was  passed  that  no  future  references  should  be  had  to 
the  hostile  field.  Nor  was  the  war  confined  to  the  place 
of  its  birth.  France,  Spain,  Italy,  Poland,  and  Russia 
took  up  the  cudgels ;  and  in  Germany  the  combat  waxed 
so  fierce  that  the  military  were  obliged  to  take  possession 
of  the  University  of  Gottingen  to  quell  the  Brunonians 
and  Anti-Brunonians.  See  Beddoes's  edit,  as  above ;  Pet 
tigrew;  Rees's  Encyc. ;  Chalmers's  Biog.  Diet. 

Brown,  John,  of  Whitburn.  Gospel  Truth,  stated 
and  illustrated  by  Hog,  Boston,  E.  and  R.  Erskine,  and 
others;  occasioned  by  the  republication  of  The  Marrow 


f  Modern  Divinity,  collected  by  Rev.  J.  Brown,  1831, 
12mo. 

"  This  book  gives  a  complete  history  of  that  important  affair 
known  as  The  Marrow  Controversy,  which  so  agitated  North  Bri- 
ain  in  the  early  part  of  the  last  century.  It  contains  also  lives  of 
;he  principal  Marrow  Men,  with  notices  of  their  works;  it  is  very 
valuable  on  this  account,  as  it  contains  more  notices  of  the  class 
rf  books  to  which  it  refers  than  any  other  book  with  which  we  are 
acquainted." 

Brown,  John,  D.D.,  Minister  of  Langton,  Berwick 
shire.  The  Testimony  of  Experience  to  the  Utility  and 
Necessity  of  Sabbath  Schools,  Edin.,  1826,  Svo. 

Brown,  John,  Vicar  of  St.  Mary's,  Leicester.    Christ 
rucified,  the  only  Theme  of  Gospel  Ministration.     Visi 
tation  Sermon,  1  Cor.  i.  23,  Lon.,  1841,  Svo. 

Brown,  John,  1752-1787,  a  Scotch  artist,  a  native  of 
Edinburgh.  Letters  on  the  Poetry  and  Music  of  the  Italian 
Opera,  1789,  Svo. 

Brown,  John.  Historical  and  Genealog.  Tree  of  the 
Royal  Family  of  Scotland,  1796;  new  edit.,  1811;  of  the 
Family  of  Graham,  1808;  Elphinstone,  1808;  Macdo- 
nald,  1810. 

Brown,  John,  of  Great  Yarmouth.  Treatises  on  the 
British  Navy,  1806,  '07. 

BrOAvn,  John.  Trans,  of  Mem.  of  Prince  Staimatoff, 
1814,  12mo.  Psyche,  or  the  Soul,  1S18,  12mo.  The 
Northern  Courts ;  containing  original  Memoirs  of  the  So 
vereigns  of  Sweden  and  Denmark  since  1776,  Lon.,  1818, 
2  vols.  Svo. 

A  more  clumsy  and  unworkmanlike  performance  we  have 
seldom  witnessed."— Lon.  Quarterly  Review,  xix.  380. 

Anecdotes  and  Characters  of  the  House  of  Brunswick, 
1820,  Svo. 

Brown,  John.    Elem.  of  Eng.  Education,  1809, 1 2mo. 

Brown,  John.  On  Mathematical  Instruments,  1671, 
'78,  Svo. 

Brown,  John,  of  Biggar.  Remarks  on  the  Plans  and 
Publications  of  Robert  Owen,  Esq.,  of  New  Lanark,  1818. 

Brown,  John,  d.  1752,  aged  46,  Minister  of  Haver- 
hill,  Massachusetts,  pub.  a  Sermon  on  the  Death  of  Thomas 
Symmes,  1726. 

Brown,  John  Aquila.  The  Even-tide,  or  Last  Tri 
umph  of  the  Blessed  and  only  Potentate,  Lon.,  1823,  2  vols. 
Svo.  This  work  contains  a  Development  of  the  Mysteries 
of  Daniel  and  St.  John,  Ac. 

"  New  and  questionable  interpretations;  but  with  many  valua 
ble  points."— BlCKERSTETH. 

The  Jew  the  Master-key  of  the  Apocalypse,  Lon.,  1827, 
Svo.  In  answer  to  Frere,  Irving,  and  others.  The  Mount 
of  Vision,  etc.,  18mo.  A  familiar  illustration  of  the  pro 
phecies  of  Daniel,  designed  for  the  young. 

Brown,  John  P.,  Dragoman  of  the  Legation  of  the 
United  States  at  Constantinople.  Trans,  of  the  Turkish 
Evening  Entertainments,  Ac.,  by  Ahmed  Ben  Hemclen, 
the  Kiyaya,  New  York,  12mo. 

"  The  historical  and  amusing  interest  of  the  two  hundred  and 
seven  curiosities,  which  I  might  call  anecdotes,  is  obvious.  &c."— 
VON  HAMMER,  the  celebrated  Orientalist,  to  the  Translator. 

"  This  book  is  one  of  the  most  interesting  and  amusing  which 
have  appeared." — Jour.  Asiatiqvt. 

Brown,  Rev.  John  W.,  1814-49,  an  American  poet. 
Christmas  Bells,  and  other  Poems,  N.  York,  12mo. 

Brown,  John  Wm.  Life  of  Da  Vinci,  Lon.,  1828,  Svo. 

Brown,  Joseph.     Joseph  and  his  Brethren,  1767. 

Brown,Josiah,  d.  1793.  Legal  compilations,1779,  Ac. 

Brown,  Littleton.     Con.  to  Phil.  Trans.,  1738. 

Brown,  or  Browne,  Moses,  1703-1787,  Vicar  of 
Olney,  Bucks.  Polidus,  a  Tragedy.  All-bedevilled,  a 
Farce.  Poems  on  Various  Subjects,  1773,  Svo.  An  edit 
of  Walton  and  Cotton's  Angler ;  with  a  Preface,  Notes, 
and  some  valuable  Additions,  1750,  '59,  '72.  Sunday 
Thoughts,  1752, '64,  '81.  Percy  Lodge;  a  Poem,  1755, 
4to.  Sermons,  1754,  '61,  '65.  Other  works. 

Brown,  Peter.  New  Illustrations  of  Zoology,  Lon., 
1776,  4to.  Designed  as  a  supplement  to  Edwards's  Birds. 
Descriptions  mostly  written  by  Pennant. 

Brown,  R.     Complete  Farmer,  1758,  2  vols.  12mo. 

Brown,  R.  B.  Extraordinary  Adventures  of  several 
famous  men,  Lon.,  1683,  12mo. 

Brown,  or  Browne,  Richard.  Medica  Musica, 
Lon.,  1674,  Svo.  Other  works,  1678,  '92  '94,  Svo. 

Brown,  Richard.     Mod.  treatise,  Lon.,  1730,  4to. 

Brown,  Richard,  D.D.,  Canon  of  Christ  Church, 
and  Regius  Professor  of  Hebrew,  &c.,  Oxford.  Job's  Ex 
pectation  of  a  Resurrection,  1747,  Svo.  The  Case  of 
Naaman  Considered,  1750,  Svo. 

Brown,  Richard.  Principles  of  Practical  Perspec 
tive,  1815,  4to.  Elucidation  of  Drawing  Ornaments,  4to. 
Rudiments  of  Drawing  Cabinet,  Ac.,  Furniture,  4to.  Con. 
to  Phil.  Mag.,  1816.  Treatise  on  Domestic  Architecture, 


BRO 

4to.  Sacred  Architecture,  its  Rise,  Progress,  and  Present 
State,  r.  4to,  1845,  with  63  plates  by  Adlard. 

"  This  useful  and  comprehensive  work  embraces  the  Babylonian, 
Indian,  Egyptian,  Greek,  and  Roman  Temples,  the  Byzantine, 
Saxon,  Lombard,  Norman,  and  Italian  Churches ;  with  an  Analy 
tical  Inquiry  into  the  Origin,  Progress,  and  Perfection  of  the  Gothic 
Churches  in  England;  also  the  Elements  of  Church  Design,  Ac." 

"  If  we  were  asked,  For  what  class  of  readers  is  this  very  elegant 
production  intended  ?  our  answer  would  be,  For  none  exclusively, 
for  several  beneficially.  The  bishop  and  his  suffragans — the  man 
of  education — and  the  rotary  of  art,  may  each  take  useful  lessons 
from  it."— Colonial  Mag. 

Brown,  or  Browne,  Robert,  d.  1630,  the  founder 
of  the  Brownists,  afterwards  called  Independents.  A 
Treatise  of  Reformation  without  tarrying  for  any.  A  Trea 
tise  of  the  23d  Chapter  of  St.  Matthew.  A  Book  which 
sheweth  the  Life  and  Manners  of  all  true  Christians.  These 
three  works  are  contained  in  a  thin  quarto  vol.,  pub.  at 
Middleburgh,  in  1582. 

Brown,  Robert.    Death  of  Charles  I.,  Lon.,  8vo. 

Brown,  Robert,  1756-1831.  Agricult.  works,  Lon., 
1799-1816. 

"  Mr.  Brown's  works  have  been  translated  into  the  French  and 
German  languages,  and  he  is  quoted  by  all  continental  writers  as 
an  authority." — Donaldson's  Agricult.  Biog.,  q.  v.  for  an  interesting 
account  of  Mr.  Brown,  his  farming  and  his  literary  labours. 

Brown,  Robert.    Military  works,  1796,  '97,  Svo. 

Brown,  Robert,  D.C.L.,  1773-1858,  b.  at  Montrose; 
a  distinguished  botanist;  entered  Marischal  College, 
Aberdeen,  1787;  studied  Medicine  at  the  Univ.  of  Edin 
burgh,  1790-94;  in  1806,  appointed  Librarian  of  Lin- 
naean  Society,  and  President  of  the  same  from  1849  to  '53. 
Contributed  an  important  article  On  the  Asclepiadse ; 
Trans.  Wernerian  Soc.,  1809.  On  the  Natural  Order  of 
Plants  called  Proteacese;  Trans.  Linn.  Soc.,  1810.  Pro- 
dromus  Florae  Novae  Hollandiae  et  Insulae  Van  Diemen, 
Lon.,  1810,  vol.  i.,  Svo.  This  vol.  was  suppressed  by  its 
author.  Editio  secunda,  curavit  C.  G.  Nees  ab  Essenbeck, 
Dr.,  Norimb.,  1827,  8vo.  General  Remarks,  Geographical 
and  Systematical,  on  the  Botany  of  Terra  Australia. 
1814. 

"  Mr.  Brown  was  the  first  English  botanist  to  write  a  systematic 
work  of  any  extent  according  to  the  natural  method  of  Jussieu. 
No  one  has  done  more  than  he  to  make  the  method  known  in 
England,  and,  as  has  been  truly  observed,  '  no  one  lias  done  so 
much  in  any  country  to  throw  light  on  its  intricacies.'  "—Knight's 
Eng.  Cyc.,  Div.  Biog.,  vol.  i. 

Observations  on  the  Natural  Family  of  Plants  called  Com- 
positae;  Trans.  Linn.  Soc.,  vol.  xii.  An  account  of  a  new 
genus  of  plants  named  Rafflesia;  Trans.  Linn.  Soc.,  vol. 
xiii.  Brief  Account  of  Microscopical  Observations  on  the 
Particles  contained  in  the  Pollen  of  Plants,  and  on  the 
general  existence  of  Active  Molecules  in  Organic  and  In 
organic  Bodies,  1828,  Svo.  Botanical  Appendices  to  the 
Voyages  of  Ross  and  Parry  to  the  Arctic  Regions,  Tuckey's 
Expedition  to  the  Congo,  and  Oudney,  Denham,  and  Clap- 
perton's  Explorations  of  Central  Africa.  Supplementum 
Prodromus,  1830.  Many  of  his  writings  are  to  be  found 
in  the  Annals  and  Magazine  of  Natural  History,  Reports 
of  the  British  Association,  Horsfield's  Plantse  Javanicse 
Rariores,  <fec.  His  works  prior  to  1834  were  collected, 
translated  into  German,  and  published  in  5  vols.  Svo,  by 
Nees  von  Essenbeck.  , 

"  Mr.  Brown  has  been  termed  by  Humboldt  Botanicorum 
facile  princeps."  An  ed.  of  his  complete  works  is  much 
needed,  in  which  would  be  brought  to  light  for  the  first 
time  his  views  in  regard  to  the  water-controversy,  wherein 
he  favours  the  claims  of  Cavendish.  See  Lon.  Athen., 
July  17,  1858. 

Brown,  Robert.     Chloris  Melvilliana,  1823,  4to. 

Brown,  S.     Presby.  Ch.  Government,  1812, 12mo. 

Brown,  or  Browne,  Samuel.  The  Sum  of  Chris 
tian  Religion  by  Way  of  Catechism,  Lon.,  1630,  Svo. 

Brown,Samuel.  Horticult.  Con.  to  Phil.  Trans.,  1698. 

Brown,  Samuel,  1768-1805,  a  native  of  Worcester, 
Massachusetts,  pub.  a  Dissertation  on  Bilious  Malignant 
Fever,  1797.  A  Dissertation  on  Yellow  Fever,  which  re 
ceived  the  premium  of  the  Humane  Society,  1800,  and  a 
Paper  on  Mercury  in  Med.  Repos.,  vol.  vi. 

Brown,  Samuel  R.,  a  volunteer  in  the  war  of  1812, 
afterwards  editor  of  The  Patriot,  printed  at  Cayuga,  New 
York,  pub.  A  View  of  the  Campaigns  of  the  N.  Western 
Army,  1814.  History  of  the  War  of  1812,  2  vols.  West 
ern  Gazetteer,  or  Emigrant's  Directory,  1817. 

Brown,  Sarah.  A  Medical  Letter  to  a  Lady,  1777,  Svo. 

Brown,  Simon.     Discourses,  1722,  2  vols.  Svo. 

Brown,  Stafford,  Perpetual  Curate  of  Christ  Church. 
Truth  on  Both  Sides;  or  Can  the  Believer  Finally  Fall? 
Lon.,  1848,  12mo. 

"  A  useful  book,  with  passages  of  considerable  interest"— Bri 
tish  Magazine. 


BRO 

«  A  most  interesting  volume,  replete  with  good  things— well  said, 
forcible,  and  true." — Church  and  State  Gazette. 

Brown,  T.  Miscellanea  Aulica,  Lon.,  1702,  Svo :  A 
Collection  of  State  Treaties. 

Brown,  Thomas.     Sermon,  Oxf.,  1634. 

Brown,  or  Browne,  Thomas,  d.  1704,  commonly 
called  Torn  Brown  of  Facetious  Memory,  as  Addison 
styles  him,  was  a  native  of  Shropshire,  and  educated  at 
Christ  Church,  Oxford.  He  seems  to  have  had  an  equal 
taste  for  the  acquisition  of  languages  and  the  circulation 
of  indecencies.  Among  his  works  are  three  pieces  relative 
to  Dryden,  1688,  '89,  '90.  The  Welch  Levite  tossed  in  a 
Blanket,  Lon.,  1691,  fol.  Trans,  from  the  French,  Lon., 
1692,  '93.  The  Salamanca  Wedding,  1693.  Short  Epis 
tles  outf  of  Roman,  Greek,  and  French  authors,  1682,  Svo. 
Whole  Works,  Lon.,  1707,  '08,  3  vols.  Svo.  Like  most 
scoffers,  upon  the  approach  of  death  he  exhibited  great 
remorse :  but  what  an  insecure  hope  to  sinners  is  a  so-called 
death-bed  repentance ! 

"  Brown  was  not  a  man  deficient  in  literature,  nor  destitute  of 
fancy ;  but  he  seems  to  have  thought  it  the  pinnacle  of  excellence 
to  be  a  '  merry  fellow ;'  and  therefore  laid  out  his  powers  upon 
small  jests  and  gross  buffoonery,  so  that  his  performances  havo 
little  intrinsic  value,  and  were  read  only  while  they  were  recom 
mended  by  the  novelty  of  the  event  that  occasioned  them.  What 
sense  or  knowledge  his  works  contain  is  disgraced  by  the  garb  in 
which  it  is  exhibited." — DR.  JOHNSON:  Life  of  Dryden. 

Brown,  Thomas,  the  Youngest.  Intercepted  Let 
ters  in  the  Two  Penny  Post  Bag,  Lon.,  1812,  Svo;  many 
editions.  Written  by  Thomas  Moore. 

Brown,  Thomas,  Fellow  of  St.  John's  College,  Cam- 
bridge.  The  Story  of  the  Ordination  of  our  first  Bishops 
in  Q.  Elizabeth's  Reign  at  the  Nag's  Head  Tavern  in 
Cheapside,  thoroughly  examined;  and  proved  to  be  a  late- 
invented,  inconsistent,  self-contradicting,  and  absurd  fable. 
In  Answer  to  Le  Quien,  and  to  remarks  on  Le  Courayer, 
Lon.,  1731,  Svo.  An  Answer  to  a  Discourse  by  Bishop 
Stillingfleet,  the  Unreasonableness  of  a  New  Separation, 
Ac.,  Lon.,  1749,  Svo. 

Brown,  Thomas.  The  Evangel.  Hist,  of  Christ, 
1777,  2  vols.  Svo. 

Brown,  Thomas.     Con.  to  Mem.  Med.,  1790. 

Brown,  Thomas,  Surgeon.  An  Inquiry  relative  to 
Vaccination,  Edin.,  1809,  Svo.  Correspondence  on  same 
Subject,  Lon.,  1809.  Con.  to  Med.  Com.,  1793,  '95.  An 
nals  of  Med.,  1797.  Phil.  Trans.,  1778. 

Brown,  Thomas.  Agricult.  of  the  County  of  Derby, 
Lon.,  1794,  4to. 

Brown,  Thomas,  M.D.,  1778-1820,  one  of  the  most 
eminent  of  modern  metaphysicians,  was  the  son  of  the 
Rev.  Samuel  Brown,  Minister  of  Kirkmabreck,  in  the 
stewartry  of  Kirkcudbright,  Scotland.  He  was  sent  to 
England  to  school  at  the  age  of  seven,  and  returned  to 
Scotland  when  fourteen.  At  Edinburgh  he  applied  him 
self  to  his  studies  with  great  diligence  and  success.  In 
1796  he  commenced  the  study  of  the  law,  but  abandoned 
it  for  medicine,  in  which  he  took  a  doctor's  diploma  in 
1803.  In  1806  he  entered  into  copartnership  with  the 
celebrated  Dr.  Gregory.  Dugald  Stewart,  being  indis 
posed  in  the  winter  of  1808-09,  engaged  Dr.  Brown  to 
read  lectures  for  him  in  the  Moral  Philosophy  Class. 
Brown's  success  was  most  decided.  He  satisfied  both 
himself  and  his  hearers  that  he  had  found  his  proper 
sphere,  and,  acting  upon  this  persuasion,  in  1810  he  re 
signed  his  practice,  and  accepted  the  appointment  of  col 
league  to  Dugald  Stewart  in  the  Chair  of  Moral  Philosophy. 
His  first  appearance  as  an  author  was  in  1798,  when  he 
pub.  Observations  on  the  Zoonomia  of  Erasmus  Darwin, 
M.D.,  Edin.,  1798,  Svo. 

"  The  perhaps  unmatched  work  of  a  boy  in  the  eighteenth  year 
of  his  age."— SIR  JAS.  MACKINTOSH. 

"  This  was  very  favourably  received  by  the  public,  and  exhibited 
astonishing  prematurity  of  talents  and  attainments." 

Poems,  Edin.,  1804,  2  vols.  12mo. 

"  A  collection  which  exhibits  unquestionable  marks  of  fertility 
of  invention  and  refinement  of  taste." 

A  Criticism  on  Charges  against  Mr.  Leslie,  1806,  Svo. 
In  1814  he  completed  a  poem  with  which  he  had  employed 
some  intervals  of  leisure  for  several  years.  The  Paradise 
of  Coquettes,  (anon.)  A  reviewer  of  note  declared  this  to  be 

"  By  fer  the  best  and  most  brilliant  imitation  of  Pope  that  has 
appeared  since  the  time  of  that  great  writer;  with  all  his  point, 
polish,  and  nicely-balanced  versification,  as  well  as  his  sarcasm 
and  witty  malice." 

The  War  Fiend,  1816.  The  Wanderer  in  Norway;  a 
Poem,  1816,  Svo.  Agnes ;  a  Poem,  1818,  Svo.  Emily  and 
other  Poems,  2d  edit.,  1818,  Svo.  But  Dr.  Brown's  great 
work  was  Observations  on  the  Nature  and  Tendency  of 
Mr.  Howe's  Doctrine  concerning  the  Relation  of  Cause 
and  Effect,  Edin.,  1804,  Svo;  2d  edit.,  1806;  3d  edit, 


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greatly  enlarged  and  improved,  1818.     The  merit  of  this 
work  is  too  well  known  to  render  any  detailed  account  of  j 
it  necessary.    See  Welsh's  life  of  Brown,  Edin.,  1825.  8vo. 

"  His  first  tract  on  Causation  appeared  to  me  the  finest  model  of  j 
discussion  in  Mental  Philosophy  since  Berkeley  and  Hume;  -with 
this  superiority  over  the  latter,  that  its  aim  is  that  of  a  philosopher 
who  seeks  to  enlarge  knowledge,  not  that  of  a  skeptic,  the  most 
illustrious  of  whom  have  no  better  end  than  that  of  displaying 
their  powers  in  confounding  and  darkening  every  truth;  so  that 
their  very  happiest  efforts  cannot  be  more  leniently  described  than 
as  brilliant  fits  of  debauchery."— SIR  JAMES  MACKINTOSH  :  2d  Pre 
lim.  Diss.  in  Encyd.  Brit. 

"  Neither  Bacon,  nor  Hobbes,  nor  Berkeley,  nor  Locke,  possessed 
powers  of  mind  so  splendid  and  so  various.  Brown  is,  beyond 
comparison,  the  most  eloquent  of  philosophic  writers.  So  much 
power  and  delicacy  of  intellect  were  never  before  united  in  an  in 
dividual." — Taifs  Magazine. 

"  This  is  a  book  of  great  power.  Before  Dr.  Brown  wrote,  we 
were  confessedly  all  in  the  dark  about  causation.  If  ever  there 
was  a  system  which  deserved  the  appellation  of  intelligible,  com 
pact,  consistent,  simple,  this  is  the  one." — N.  American  Review. 

After  Dr.  Brown's  decease  appeared  his  Lectures  on  the 
Philosophy  of  the  Human  Mind,  Edin.,  1820,  4  vols.  Svo; 
reprinted  by  Welsh  in  1828,  1  -vol.  8vo,  with  an  Index  and 
Memoir.  Of  this  excellent  work  many  editions  have  been 
pub.  in  Great  Britain  and  America. 

"  An  inestimable  book." — DR.  PARR. 

"  It  would  be  unjust  to  censure  severely  the  declamatory  parts 
of  his  Lectures ;  they  are  excusable  in  the  first  warmth  of  com 
position.  They  might  even  be  justifiable  allurements  in  attracting 
young  hearers  to  abstruse  speculations.  .  .  The  prose  of  Dr.  Brown 
is  brilliant  to  excess.  .  .  It  is  darkened  by  excessive  brightness ; 
it  loses  ease  and  liveliness  by  over-dress ;  and,  in  the  midst  of  its 
luxurious  sweetness,  we  wish  for  the  striking  and  homely  illustra 
tions  of  Tucker,  and  for  the  pithy  and  sinewy  sense  of  Paley." — 
SIR  JAMES  MACKINTOSH. 

"  The  style  is  so  captivating,  the  views  so  comprehensive,  the 
arguments  so  acute,  the  whole  thing  so  complete,  that  I  was  al 
most  insensibly  borne  along  upon  the  stream  of  his  reasoning  and 
his  eloquence.  In  the  power  of  analysis  he  greatly  transcends  all 
philosophers  of  the  Scottish  school  who  preceded  him." — MoreU's 
History  of  Modern  Philosophy. 

Brown,  Thomas.  Biblical  Commentary  on  the  Gos 
pels  and  Acts,  adapted  especially  for  Preachers  and  Stu 
dents,  by  Hermann  Olshausen,  D.D.,  Professor  of  Theology 
in  the  University  of  Erlangen.  Trans,  by  the  Rev.  Thomas 
Brown,  <fec.  In  4  vols.  8vo,  forming  vols.  v.,  x.,  xvi.  and 
xix.  of  Clark's  Foreign  Theological  Library. 

"  Olshausen's  Commentaries  are  perhaps  the  most  valuable  con 
tribution  to  the  interpretation  of  Scripture  that  have  made  their 
way  to  us  from  Germany.  Minute  and  accurate,  yet  comprehen 
sive  and  full,  they  are  most  helpful  in  guiding  to  the  right  under 
standing  of  Scripture.  They  are  scholar-like  in  their  execution, 
sounder  in  their  doctrinal  views  than  most  German  expositions, 
and  elevated  in  then-  tone.  There  is  often  an  air  of  poetic  beauty 
thrown  over  passages  which  attracts  and  rivets." — Quarterly  Jour 
nal  of  Prophecy. 

Other  works  of  this  distinguished  divine  are  pub.  in  the 
same  series — T.  <fc  L.  Clark's  (Edinburgh)  Foreign  Theo 
logical  Library. 

"  From  the  highly  evangelical  tone  which  in  general  pervades 
Olshausen's  Commentaries,  he  may  be  regarded,  in  most  cases,  as 
a  safe  guide  to  the  student  who  is  just  entering  on  the  critical 
study  of  the  New  Testament." — Evangelical  Mag. :  notice  of  his 
Commentary  on  the  Romans.  Trans,  by  clergymen  of  the  Church  of 
England;  vol.  xiii.  of  Clark's  For.  Theol.  Library. 

His  Commentary  on  the  Epistles  to  the  Galatians,  Ephe- 
eians,  Colossians,  and  Thessalonians,  trans,  by  a  clergy 
man  of  the  Church  of  England,  forms  vol.  xxi.  in  Clark's 
For.  Theol.  Library ;  and  vol.  xxiii.  contains  Commentary 
on  the  Epistles  to  the  Philippians,  to  Titus,  and  the  first  to 
Timothy  j  in  Continuation  of  the  work  of  Olshausen. 
Lie.  August  Wiesinger.  Trans,  by  Rev.  John  Fulton. 

"Olshausen  is  a  patient  and  learned  writer,  and  evinces  con 
siderable  moderation  and  reverence  of  tone." — English  Review. 

"  Olshausen's  mind  is  of  the  family  of  Augustine.  His  admi 
rable  Commentary  on  the  New  Testament  is  of  inestimable  benefit 
to  the  student,  nay,  to  every  thoughtful  reader  of  the  Bible."— 
ARCHDEACON  HARE. 

Our  readers  will  perceive  that  although  our  Home  Regu 
lations  forbid  us  to  introduce  foreigners  as  such  into  our 
Domestic  Republic  of  Letters,  yet  we  take  the  liberty  of 
occasionally  naturalizing  a  worthy  stranger  by  smuggling 
him  under  an  English  flag. 

Brown,  Captain  Thomas.  Popular  Natural  His 
tory,  of  the  Characteristics  of  Animals  portrayed  in  a 
series  of  illustrative  Anecdotes,  1848,  3  vols.  12mo. 

"  An  immense  fund  of  agreeable  and  useful  reading,  well  fitted 
to  interest  as  well  as  to  instruct  youth."— Nottingham  Journal. 

Biographical  Sketches  and  Authentic  Anecdotes  of  Dogs 

"If  any  one  wishes  to  entertain  enlarged  and  enlightened  opi 
nions  regarding  this  noble  class  of  animals,  k-t  him  peruse  these 
Biographical  Sketches,  and  Authentic  Anecdotes.  He  will  here 
find,  besides  a  mass  of  highly  useful  and  delightful  information 
regarding  the  natural  history  and  habits  of  every  species  of  dog 
upwards  of  two  hundred  and  twenty  anecdotes,  illustrative  of 


their  dispositions,  and  all  of  the  most  entertaining  kind." — Edin 
burgh  Literary  Journal. 

Book  of  Butterflies,  Moths,  and  Sphinges,  3  vols.  18mo, 
1834. 

"  This  is  a  delightful  work,  with  no  fewer  than  144  engravings, 
coloured  after  nature ;  and,  both  by  the  style  of  its  scientific  de 
scriptions,  and  its  general  arrangements,  well  calculated  to  con 
vey  ideas  at  once  correct  and  popular." 
Other  works. 

Brown,  or  Browne,  William.  Formulae  Bene 
Placitandi,  Lon.,  1671,  fol.  Other  legal  text-books, 
1678-1706. 

Brown,  William.  Reports  of  Cases  in  Chancery 
from  1778  to  1785,  Lon.,  1785,  fol.  Reports  in  Chancery 
from  1778  to  1794 ;  1785-89,  4  vols.  fol. ;  5th  edit.,  with 
mprovements  by  Robert  Belt,  Lon.,  1820,  4  vols.  r.  8vo. 
First  American,  from  the  fifth  London  edition,  by  Hon. 
J.  C.  Perkins,  Boston,  1844,  4  vols.  Svo. 

From  my  knowledge  of  Mr.  Perkins,  as  a  well-read  and  exact 
awyer,  eminently  fitted  for  the  work,  I  anticipated  a  rich  contri- 
Dution  to  the  stock  of  our  Equity  Jurisprudence.  I  have  ex 
amined  his  Notes  with  some  care,  and  find  my  expectations  more 
than  realized." — SIMON  GREENLEAF. 

The  cases  referred  to  by  31  r.  Brown  are  generally  considered 
as  too  shortly  taken ;  but  that  may  be  accounted  for  by  the  very 
brief  and  concise  manner  in  which  Lord  Thurlow  generally  pro 
nounced  his  decrees,  seldom  giving  his  reasons  for  his  decisions." 
Brown,  William,  M.D.  Med.  Essays,  Edin.,  1794- 
1812. 

Brown,  William.  History  of  the  Propagation  of 
Christianity  among  the  Heathen  since  the  Reformation, 
1814,  2  vols.  Svo.  Robert  Millar  pub.  a  similar  work, 
Edin.,  1723,  2  vols.  Svo,  and  Lon.,  1831. 

Brown,  William,  D.D.,  of  Eskdale  Muir.  Antiqui 
ties  of  the  Jews,  compiled  from  authentic  sources,  and 
their  Customs  illustrated  from  Modern  Travels,  with  Plans 
of  the  Temple,  1820,  2  vols.  Svo. 

The  most  elaborate  system  of  Jewish  Antiquities  extant  intha 
English  language." — HORNE. 

"  This  is  decidedly  the  best  compendium  of  Jewish  Antiquities 
that  has  yet  appeared  in  the  English  language.  It  contains  many 
beautiful  and  just  illustrations  of  Holy  Scripture." — DR.E."\VILLIAMS. 
For  a  very  favourable  notice  of  this  work,  see  Christian 
Remembrancer,  June,  1820. 

Brown,  William,  of  Enfield.  XL.  Plain  and  Prac 
tical  Sermons,  Westley,  1821-26,  2  vols.  Svo. 

"  The  style  in  which  these  discourses  are  composed,  will  render 
them  particularly  acceptable  to  families  of  respectability,  while 
their  simplicity  will  make  them  intelligible  to  servants  and  per 
sons  of  inferior  education." — Congregational  Magazine. 

Brown,  William  Cullen,  M.D.  Institutions  of 
the  Practice  of  Medicine ;  trans,  from  the  Latin  of  Bur- 
serius,  Lon.,  1800-03,  5  vols.  Svo.  The  Medical  Works 
of  Dr.  John  Brown,  with  a  biog.  account  of  the  author, 
1804,  3  vols.  8vo,  (q.  v.)  A  View  of  the  Navy,  Army, 
and  Private  Surgeon,  1814,  Svo. 

Brown,  William  Hill,  d.  1793,  at  Murfreesborough, 
North  Carolina,  aged  27,  wrote  a  tragedy  founded  on  the 
death  of  Andre,  and  a  Comedy.  His  Ira  and  Isabella  was 
pub.  in  1807. 

Brown,  or  Browne,  William  Laurence,  1755- 
1830,  a  native  of  Utrecht,  became  minister  of  the  English 
church  there,  1778;  removed  to  Scotland,  1795,  appointed 
Professor  of  Divinity  at  Aberdeen,  and  afterwards  Prin 
cipal  of  Marischal  College.  An  Essay  on  the  Folly  of 
Skepticism,  Lon.,  1788,  Svo.  This  work  obtained  the  gold 
medal  of  the  Teylerian  Society  at  Haarlem  in  1786,  and 
was  originally  printed  in  the  Memoirs  of  that  Society. 
An  Essay  on  the  Existence  of  a  Supreme  Creator,  Aber 
deen,  1816,  2  vols.  Svo.  To  this  Essay  was  awarded  Mr. 
Burnet's  first  prize,  £1250,  at  Aberdeen,  August  4,  1815. 
Prefixed  is  a  memoir  relating  to  the  founder  of  the  prizes. 
The  second  prize  was  awarded  to  Dr.  Sumner's  Records 
of  Creation.  Eighteen  Sermons,  Edin.,  1803,  Svo. 

"The  style  of  these  discourses  is  easy,  flowing,  and  dignified; 
it  never  sinks  to  meanness ;  it  is  never  turgid ;  the  author  states 
his  sentiments  with  precision,  and  enforces  them  with  animation." 
— Edin.  Review. 

This  distinguished  divine  pub.  several  sermons  sepa 
rately,  and  some  other  treatises. 

Brown,  William  R.  H.  Golden  Lane  Brewery 
Case,  1812. 

Brown  is  often  confounded  with  Browne,  the  more 

ancient  spelling.    In  this  matter  the  best  authorities  vary. 

We  have  taken  much  pains  to  make  a  proper  distribution. 

Browne,  Alexander.    Works  on  Drawing,  1675,  Ac. 

Browne,  Andrew,  a  Scotch  physician  of  the  17th 

century,  pub.  The  New  Cure  of  Fevers,  Edin.,  1691,  Svo. 

Bellum  Medicinale,   1699,   Svo.      Vindic.  of  Sydenham's 

Method  of  curing  continued  Fevers,  Lon.,  1700,  Svo.     Cold 

Baths,  1707.     Institutions  of  Physick,  1714,  Svo. 

1      Browne,  Arthur,  d.  1773,  aged  73,  an  Episcopal  clcr- 


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gyman  at  Portsmouth,  New  Hampshire,  was  a  native  of 
Ireland,  and  a  graduate  of  Trinity  College,  Dublin.  He 
pub.  several  sermons,  1738-57,  and  Remarks  on  Mayhew's 
Reflections  on  the  Church  of  England,  1763.  His  grand 
son,  ARTHUR  BROWNE,  will  claim  our  notice  hereafter. 

Browne,  Arthur.  A  Short  View  of  the  first  Princi 
ples  of  the  Differential  Calculus,  Lon.,  1825,  8vo.  This  is 
a  commentary  on  the  first  two  or  three  chapters  of  the 
Theorie  des  Fonctions. 

Browne,  Arthur,  d.  1805,  son  of  Marmaduke  Browne, 
rector  of  Trinity  Church,  Newport,  Rhode  Island,  and 
grandson  of  the  Rev.  ARTHUR  BROWNE,  (see  ante,)  in  his 
boyhood  attended  the  school  established  by  Dean  (after 
wards  Bishop)  Berkeley  at  Newport.  Arthur  went  to  Ire 
land  in  1771  or  1772,  and  during  the  remainder  of  his  life 
was  connected  with  Trinity  College,  Dublin,  as  Professor 
of  Civil  Law.  He  also  represented  the  University  in  the 
Irish  House  of  Commons.  As  a  professor,  it  has  been  de 
clared  that  he  was  the  "  idol  of  the  students."  A  Brief 
View  of  the  Question  whether  the  Articles  of  Limerick 
have  been  violated?  Dublin,  1788,  8vo. 

"Great  stress  having  been  laid  by  the  Roman  Catholics  of  Ire 
land  on  the  privileges  secured  to  them  by  the  articles  of  Limerick, 
(of  which  they  charge  the  penal  laws  they  have  lived  under  to  have 
been  violations,)  the  author  of  this  well-written  tract  enters  into  an 
examination  of  these  articles."  Vide  Lon.  Mouth.  Rev.,  1778. 

A  Compendious  View  of  the  Civil  Law,  and  of  the  Law 
of  the  Admiralty ;  being  the  substance  of  a  course  of  Lec 
tures  read  in  the  University  of  Dublin,  Dubl.,  1797-98, 
2  vols.  8vo ;  2d  edit,  1802 ;  repub.  in  New  York,  1840, 
2  vols.  8vo. 

"The  author  has  followed  Blackstone's  Commentaries  in  the 
order  of  treating  his  subject,  His  work  has  been  deservedly  po 
pular,  both  on  account  of  the  learning,  solidity,  and  accuracy  of 
its  research,  and  because  it  is  the  best  book  in  the  language  show 
ing  the  connexion  between  the  Common  and  the  Civil  Law.  .  .  ^ 
It  is  often  cited,  and  always  with  respect."— Marvin's  Legal  Bibl. 

See  notice  in  Lon.  Monthly  Review  for  1799.  Miscel 
laneous  Sketches,  or  Hints  for  Essays,  1798,  2  vols.  8vo. 
The  style  of  Montaigne  seems  to  have  been  kept  in  view 
in  the  composition  of  these  Essays.  Compendious  View  of 
the  Ecclesiastical  Law  of  Ireland,  <fcc. :  to  which  is  added, 
A  Sketch  of  the  Practice  of  the  Ecclesiastical  Courts,  1803, 
2  vols.  8vo. 

"  His  great  powers  of  mind  he  improved  by  incessant  study, 
and  by  intercourse  with  the  most  distinguished  scholars  and  the 
most  able  and  virtuous  statesmen  of  his  day." 

Browne,  Charles.     Two  sermons,  1740,  4to. 

Browne,  Danl.  Jay,  born  1804,  N.  Hampshire,  son 
of  a  farmer.  He  devoted  several  years  of  his  life  to  the 
study  and  investigation  of  Agriculture,  Natural  History, 
and  resources  of  North  and  South  America,  W.  Indies, 
Europe,  and  Western  Africa.  Served  ten  years  as  civil 
engineer  on  the  public  works  of  the  U.  S.  and  Prussia,  and 
subsequently  had  charge  of  the  Agricultural  Dept.  of  the 
U.  S.  Patent-office.  Sylva  Americana.  Trees  of  America. 
Entomological  Encyclopedia.  Tables  for  computing  Inte 
rest,  Exchanges,  and  Annuities.  Treatise  on  Maize.  Ame 
rican  Poultry  Yard.  American  Bird  Fancier.  Muck  Book. 
Letters  from  the  Canary  Islands,  <fec.  Editor  of  the  Na 
turalist,  and  contrib.  to  various  Agricultural  Journals. 

Browne,  Edward.  Legacies  of  Sir  James  Cambel, 
Lon.,  1642,  sm.  8vo. 

Browne,  Edward,  M.D.,  1644-1708,  Physician  to 
Charles  II.,  and  President  of  the  London  College  of  Phy 
sicians,  the  eldest  son  of  the  celebrated  Sir  Thomas  Browne, 
was  educated  at  Trinity  College,  Cambridge,  and  Merton 
College,  Oxford.  Several  of  his  papers  will  be  found  in 
Phil.  Trans.,  1670,  '74,  '81,  <fcc.  He  is  best  known  by  A 
Brief  Account  of  Travels  in  Hungary,  Servia,  &c.,  Lon., 
1673,  4to ;  2d  edit,  (with  additions)  entitled  Account  of 
Travels  through  a  great  part  of  Germany  and  the  Low 
Countries,  Ac.,  1677,  4to  ;  3d  edit,  (with  further  additions) 
entitled  Travels  in  Hungary,  Servia,  An.,  1685,  fol.  Tra 
vels  containing  his  Obs.  on  France  and  Italy,  &c.,  1763, 
2  vols.  12mo.  Trans,  of  a  Discourse  of  the  Original  Coun- 
trey,  <fcc.  of  the  Cossacks,  Lon.,  1672,  I2mo.  His  travels 
in  Hungary,  Ac.  have  been  highly  commended  by  some 
authorities,  and  but  little  esteemed  by  others. 

"  The  author  has  showed  himself  excellently  qualified  for  a  tra 
veller  by  this  ingenious  piece,  in  which  he  has  omitted  nothing 
worthy  the  observation  of  so  curious  a  person,  having  spent  much 
of  his  time  in  the  discovery  of  European  rarities."— Introduc.  to 
vol.  1st  of  ChurchUVs  Voyages;  " either  written  by,  or  at  least  un 
der  the  direction  of,  the  famous  Mr.  Locke."— Biog.  Brit. 

Dr.  Johnson  states  that  he  had  heard  Browne's  book 
highly  commended  by  a  learned  traveller,  who  had  visited 
many  places  after  him ;  upon  which  the  doctor  remarks, 

"  But,  whatever  it  may  contribute  to  the  instruction  of  a  natu 
ralist,  I  cannot  recommend  it  as  likely  to  give  much  pleasure  to 
common  readers."— Life  of  Sir  Thomas  Browne. 


Dr.  Johnson  expresses  a  regret,  in  which  we  can  all 
sympathize,  that  Sir  Thomas  Browne  has  left  us  no  ac 
count  of  his  travels. 

"  A  book  extravagantly  and  absurdly  praised  in  the  Biographia 
Britannica.  His  travels  yield  some  information  to  naturalists,  but 
little  to  the  philosophical  or  common  reader." — Chalmers'sBiog.Dict. 

"  Natural  history,  the  mines,  mineral  waters,  as  well  as  manners 
and  customs,  are  described  in  this  work,  which  bears  a  good  cha 
racter."— STEVENSON  :  Voyages  and  Travels. 

Dr.  Browne,  like  his  celebrated  father,  was  distinguished 
for  scholarship : 

"  He  was  acquainted  with  Hebrew,  was  a  critic  in  Greek,  and  no 
man  of  his  age  wrote  better  Latin.  German,  Italian,  French,  Ac., 
he  spoke  and  wrote  with  as  much  ease  as  his  mother  tongue. 
Physic  was  his  business,  and  to  the  promotion  thereof  all  his  other 
acquisitions  were  referred.  King  Charles  said  of  him  that  '  he  was 
as  learned  as  any  of  the  college,  and  as  well-bred  as  any  at  court.' " 

Browne,  Edward  Harold,  Norrisian  Prof,  of  Di 
vinity,  Univ.  of  Cambridge.  Expos,  of  the  39  Articles, 
Lon.,  1850,  2  vols.  8vo;  4th  ed.,  1858,  8vo.  Fulfilment  of 
the  0.  T.  Prophecies  relating  to  the  Messiah,  Camb.,  1836, 
8vo.  This  dissertation  took  the  Norrisian  Medal  for  1835. 

Browne,  Felicia  Dorothea.    See  HEMANS. 

Browne,  Francis,  D.D.,  Canon  of  Windsor.  Ser 
mon,  Prov.xxix.  25,  1712,  4toj  on  2  Cor.  v.  10,  1724,  4to. 

Browne,  George,  d.  about  1560  ?  consecrated  Arch 
bishop  of  Dublin  in  1535,  was,  according  to  Wood,  origi 
nally  "an  Austin  frier  of  the  Convent  of  that  order  in 
London,  and  educated  in  academicals  among  those  of  his 
order  in  Oxon."  He  was  the  first  bishop  that  embraced  and 
promoted  the  Reformation  in  Ireland.  Historical  Collec 
tions  of  the  Church  of  Ireland,  Lon.,  1681,  4to.  Reprinted 
in  vol.  1st  of  the  Phenix,  and  in  Harleian  Miscellany,  vol. 
5th.  See  Strype's  Memorials  of  Archbishop  Cranmer. 

Browne,  Henry.  Hand-Book  of  Hebrew  Antiqui 
ties,  Lon.,  12mo.  Ordo  Saeculorum :  Chronology  of  the 
Scriptures,  Oxford,  8vo. 

Browne,  Hyde  Mathis.  The  Apothecary's  Vade 
Mecum,  &c.,  Lon.,  1811,  8vo. 

Browne,  Isaac  Hawkins,  1705-1760,  a  native  of 
Burton-upon-Trent,  Staffordshire,  was  educated  at  West 
minster  school,  and  at  Trinity  College,  Cambridge.  He 
settled  at  Lincoln's  Inn  about  1727,  and  applied  himself 
with  great  diligence  to  the  study  of  the  Law.  Highmore, 
the  painter,  was  his  particular  friend,  and  he  addressed  to 
him  his  poem  on  Design  and  Beauty. 

"  In  this,  one  of  the  longest  of  his  poems,  he  shows  an  exten 
sive  knowledge  of  the  Platonic  philosophy;  and  pursues,  through 
the  whole,  the  idea  of  beauty  advanced  by  that  philosophy.  By 
design  is  here  meant,  in  a  large  and  extensive  sense,  that  power 
of  genius  which  enables  the  real  artist  to  collect  together  his  scat 
tered  ideas,  to  range  them  in  proper  order,  and  to  form  a  regular 
plan  before  he  attempts  to  exhibit  any  work  in  architecture,  paint 
ing,  or  poetry." — Preface,  to  his  Poems,  pub.  in  1768. 

The  Pipe  of  Tobacco,  also  written  whilst  of  Lincoln's 
Inn,  is  an  excellent  imitation  of  Gibber,  Ambrose  Philips, 
Thomson,  Young,  Pope,  and  Swift,  who  were  then  all 
living. 

"  We  need  not  say  that  the  peculiar  manner  of  these  several 
writers  is  admirably  hit  off  by  our  author,  and  that  he  hath  shewn 
himself  to  have  possessed  an  excellent  imitative  genius.  Indeed, 
nothing  but  a  wide  spirit  of  discrimination,  and  a  happy  talent 
at  various  composition,  could  have  enabled  him  to  have  succeeded 
so  well  as  he  hath  done  in  The  Pipe  of  Tobacco."— Ibid. 

In  1754  he  pub.  his  principal  work,  a  Latin  poem,  enti 
tled  De  Animi  Immortalitate,  in  two  books,  4to.  This 
poem  excited  great  admiration.  In  a  few  months  trans 
lations  into  English  were  pub.  by  Dr.  Richard  Grey,  Mr. 
Hay,  John  Lettice,  and  others.  A  trans,  (the  best  made) 
by  Soame  Jenyns  will  be  found  in  his  Miscellanies,  Lon., 
1770,  8vo.  Mr.  Browne  intended  to  have  added  a  third 
book,  but  did  not  complete  his  design. 

"  In  these  three  books  he  purposed  to  carry  natural  religion  as 
fer  as  it  would  go,  and  in  so  doing,  to  lay  the  true  foundation  of 
Christianity,  of  which  he  was  a  firm  believer.  But  he  went  no 
farther  than  to  leave  a  fragment  of  the  third  book,  enough  to 
make  us  lament  that  he  did  not  complete  the  whole.  .  .  .  Not  to 
mention  the  usefulness  and  importance  of  the  subject,  every  man 
of  taste  must  feel  that  the  poem  is  admirable  for  its  perspicuity, 
precision,  and  order;  and  that  it  unites  the  philosophical  learning 
and  eloquence  of  Cicero,  with  the  numbers  and  much  of  the  poe 
try  of  Lucretius  and  Virgil."— Biog.  Brit. 

"  I  am  better  pleased,  when  I  consider  the  nature  of  the  subject, 
with  that  neatness  and  purity  of  diction  which  is  spread  over  the 
whole,  than  I  should  have  been  had  more  poetical  ornaments  been 
bestowed  upon  it." — DR.  GREEN,  Bishop  of  Lincoln. 

"  I  need  not  enter  into  a  detail  to  show  how  well  you  have  fol 
lowed,  not  servilely  imitated,  Lucretius  and  Virgil ;  how  perspi 
cuously,  as  well  as  elegantly,  you  have  handled  some  of  the  ab- 
strusest  arguments,  &c." — Letter  to  Browne,  from  the  celebrated 
James  Harris. 

Dr.  Beattie,  in  his  Essay  on  the  Utility  of  Classical 
Learning,  thus  refers  to  our  author  : 

"Isaac  Hawkins  Browne,  Esq.,  author  of  several  excellent 
Poems,  particularly  one  in  Latin  on  the  immortality  of  the  soul; 


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of  which  Mrs.  Carter  justly  says,  that  it  does  honour  to  our  coun 
try." 

Barnard,  Cambridge,  Upton,  and  Hoadly,  all  celebrated 
the  praise  of  the  successful  poet.  Browne's  Latin  and 
English  poems  were  pub.  Lon.,  1768,  8vo ;  Essays  on  Me 
taphysics,  Morals,  and  Keligion,  1816,  8vo.  Browne  was 
elected  to  Parliament  in  1744  and  1748.  His  success  as 
an  orator  may  be  judged  of  from  the  following  extract 
from  Boswell's  Johnson : 

"  We  talked  of  public  speaking.  JOHNSON  :  '  We  must  not  esti 
mate  a  man's  powers  by  his  not  being  able  to  deliver  his  senti 
ments  in  public.  Isaac  Hawkins  Browne,  one  of  the  first  wits  of 
this  country,  got  into  Parliament,  and  never  opened  his  mouth.' " 
Yet  the  difference  between  the  famous  Parliamentary 
orator,  Gerard  Hamilton,  and  the  taciturn  Isaac,  was  little 
more  than  one  speech  ! 

Browne,  J.  Masonic  Master  Key  through  the  three 
degrees,  1803. 

Browne,  J.  D.  Views  of  Ascent  and  from  Summit 
of  Mont  Blanc,  Lon.,  fol.,  £2  2». 

Browne,  J.  H.,  Archdeacon  of  Ely.     Inquiry  into 

the   Character   of   Antichrist,  12mo.     Letters   to   Archd. 

Wilkins.  on  Body  and  Soul  ;  3d  edit.,  1824, 12mo.    Charges 

to  the  Archdeaconry  of  Ely,  1826-41. 

"  Those  hitherto  published  have  been  very  valuable." — BICKER- 

STETH. 

Browne,  J.  Ross.  1.  Etchings  of  a  Whaling  Cruise. 
With  an  Account  of  a  Sojourn  on  the  Island  of  Zanzibar. 
With  numerous  Plates,  8vo,  Lon.  and  N.  York. 

"  Into  the  personal  narrative  with  which  the  writer  of  this  book, 
who  is  an  American,  has  chosen  to  favour  the  world,  we  shall  not 
enter.  He  gives  a  strange  account  of  the  circumstances  which  led 
to  his  voyage  and  the  antecedents  of  his  life.  Suffice  it  that  his 
book  is  a  lively,  clever,  and  readable  one." — Lon.  Morning  Chron. 
2.  Crusade  in  the  East ;  a  Narrative  of  Personal  Adven 
tures  and  Travels,  N.  York,  12mo. 

Browne,  James,  b.  about  1616,  was  entered  of  Oriel 
College,  Oxford,  in  1634.  Antichrist  in  Spirit ;  animad 
verted  on  by  George  Fox  in  his  book.  The  Great  Mystery 
of  the  Great  Whore  Unfolded,  Lon.,  1659,  fol.  Scripture 
Redemption  freed  from  Men's  Eestrictions,  Lon.,  1673. 
The  Substance  of  several  Conferences  about  the  death  of 
our  Redeemer,  Ac., 

"  In  the  title  of  which  he  says  that  he  was  now  (1673)  a  preacher 
of  the  faith  which  once  he  destroyed." — Athen.  Oxon. 

Wood  refers  to  his  erroneous  opinions  when  a  chaplain 
in  the  parliament  army,  and  gives  us  to  understand  that, 
like  most  men  unsettled  in  their  views,  he  was  in  the  habit 
of  troubling  others  of  more  stability : 

"  He  took  all  occasions  to  disturb  orthodox  men  with  his  dis 
putes.  But  after  the  return  of  Charles  I.  he  changed  his  mind, 
and  became  orthodox,  and  so  continued,  as  I  presume,  to  the  time 
of  his  death." — Athen.  Oxon. 

Browne,  James.  History  of  the  Highlands  and  the 
Highland  Clans,  Lon.,  1848,  4  vols.  8vo,  and  r.  8vo. 

"This  complete  and  comprehensive  work  contains  most  inte 
resting  and  authentic  accounts  of  the  aboriginal  Highland  Tribes, 
the  Pictish  and  Scoto-Irish  Kings,  early  civilization,  antiquities, 
poetry,  superstitions,  language,  music,  domestic  manners  and 
habits,  dress,  institution  of  chiefs,  national  characteristics,  &c." 

"  No  other  work  exists  in  which  the  subject  of  the  Highlands 
and  Highland  Clans  is  treated  of  in  all  its  branches,  or  to  which 
reference  may  conveniently  be  made  for  information  respecting 
them  in  an  agreeable,  elegant,  and  accessible  form.  His  late  ma 
jesty  was  pleased  to  allow  access,  for  the  first  time,  to  the  STUART 
PAPERS,  for  the  use  of  the  author  in  preparing  this  NATIONAL 
WORK."  See  LOGAN,  JAMES. 

A  Life  of  Petrarch  in  7th  edit,  of  Encyc.  Brit. 
"  Evincing  critical  discrimination  and  learned  research  of  the 
highest  order." — Metropolitan  Conservative  Journal. 

History  of  Newspapers  ;  in  7th  edit.  Encyc.  Brit. 
"  It  contains  the  latest  and  fullest  information  we  have  me1 
with  on  this  subject,  and  will  be  read  with  interest  and  profit  by 
all  who  have  occasion  to  prosecute  inquiries  upon  it." — Carlisle 
(England)  Journal. 

Browne,  John.  The  Marchants  Avizo,  Lon.,  1589, 
4to ;  reprinted,  1616,  4to. 

"  Not  noticed  by  Ames  or  Herbert."*-LowNDES. 
Browne,  John.     Ordinary  Joint  Rule,  Lon.,  1686. 
Browne,  John.     History  and  Antiquities  of  York 
Cathedral,  Lon.,  2  vols.  r.  4to,  £8  18*.  6d. 

Browne,  John,  of  Crewkerne,  Somerset,  a  boy  of  12 
years  of  age.  Poetical  Translations  from  various  Authors. 
Pub.  by  Mr.  Ashe,  Lon.,  1788,  4to. 

«  We  have  observed,  in  several  places,  a  freedom  of  translation 
and  an  expansion  of  thought,  rarely  to  be  met  with  in  so  young 
a  writer,  and  which  we  should  have  ascribed  to  Mr.  Ashe's  touch 
ing  up  the  MSS.,  had  he  not  assured  us  (and  we  do  not  question 
his  veracity)  that  they  are  the  genuine  production  of  Master  John 
Browne,  a  youth  but  12  years  old!  I !"— Lon.  Monthly  Jievifw,  1788 
Browne,  John,  Rector  of  Beeby,  Leicestershire. 
The  Divine  Authority  of  the  Christian  Religion,  eight  ser 
mons  preached  1730,  '31,  at  Lady  Moyer's  Lecture,  Lon., 
1732,  8vo.  Other  Sermon?,  1721-35. 
Browne,  John.  Universal  Redemption,  Lon.,  1798. 


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Browne,  John,  late  Fellow  of  C.  C.  C.,  Oxford. 
Sermons  on  the  Infancy  of  Human  Nature,  preached  1806, 
at  the  Bampton  Lecture,  Oxf.,  1809,  8vo. 

"  Through  the  several  dispensations  of  God  towards  mankind, 
larmony,  order,  and  proportion  will  be  found  to  have  character 
ized  all  the  ODerations  of  his  power." 

Browne,  John,  Curate  of  Trinity  Church,  Chelten 
ham.  23  Sermons,  Lon.,  1836,  8vo. 

Browne,  John  Samuel.  Catalogue  of  English 
Bishops  from  1688  to  the  present  time,  Lon.,  1812,  8vo. 

Broivne,  Joseph,  M.D.  Lecture  of  Anatomy  against 
the  Circulation  of  the  Blood,  Lon.,  1698,  1701,  4to.  The 
Modern  Practice  of  Physic  Vindicated,  1703,  '04,  '05, 12mo. 
Fundamentals  in  Physick,  1709,  12mo.  Institutions  of 
Physick,  1714,  8vo.  Practical  Treatise  on  the  Plague, 
1720,  8vo.  Antidotaria,  or  a  Collection  of  Antidotes 
against  the  Plague  and  other  Malignant  Diseases,  1721, 8vo. 

Browne,  Joseph,  D.D.,  1700-1767,  Provost  of 
Queen's  College,  Oxford,  a  native  of  Cumberland,  pub.  in 
1726  from  the  University  press,  a  "  most  beautiful  edition" 
of  Cardinal  Barberini's  Latin  Poems,  with  notes  and  a  life 
of  the  author,  (afterwards  Pope  Urban  VIII.,)  and  a  dedi 
cation  to  his  friend  Edward  Hassel,  Esq.,  of  Dalemain. 

Browne,  M.  C.  A  Leaf  out  of  Burke's  Book,  1796,  8vo. 

Browne,  Maria  J.  B.,  a  native  of  Northampton, 
Massachusetts,  has  pub.  several  volumes  for  the  young, — 
Margaret  McDonald,  1848;  Laura  Huntley,  1850,  Ac.— 
and  contributed  a  number  of  articles  to  periodicals.  See 
Hart's  Female  Prose  Writers  of  America,  1855. 

Browne,  Mary  Anne,  1812-1844,  a  native  of  Maiden 
head,  Berkshire,  England,  published  poetry  which  did  her 
great  credit  at  the  Dearly  age  of  15.  Her  first  work  was 
Mont  Blanc ;  she  afterwards  gave  to  the  world,  Ada,  Re 
pentance,  The  Coronal,  Birthday  Gift,  Ignatia,  a  vol.  of 
sacred  poetry,  and  many  fugitive  pieces  in  prose  and 
verse.  In  1842  she  was  married  to  James  Gray,  a  Scotch 
gentleman,  a  nephew  of  Hogg,  the  Ettrick  Shepherd.  She 
died  at  Cork  in  1844. 

"Her  style  is  modelled  on  the  manner  of  the  old  bards;  and 
though  her  poetry  never  reaches  the  height  she  evidently  sought 
to  attain,  it  is  excellent  for  its  pure  taste  and  just  sentiment; 
while  a  few  instances  of  bold  imagination  show  vividly  the  ardour 
of  a  fancy  which  prudence  and  delicacy  always  controlled." — 
Mrs.  Halt's  Records  of  Women. 

Browne,  Mathias.  Opinions  of  Philosophers  con 
cerning  Man's  Chiefest  Good,  1659,  8vo. 

Browne,  Patrick,  b.  about  1720-1790,  a  native  of 
Woodstock,  county  of  Mayo,  Ireland.  The  Civil  and 
Natural  History  of  Jamaica,  Lon.,  1756,  fol.,  and  1789, 
fol.  This  valuable  work  was  reviewed  in  the  Literary 
Magazine  by  Dr.  Samuel  Johnson.  A  New  Map  of  Ja 
maica,  Lon.,  1755,  2  sheets.  By  this  map  the  doctor  made 
a  profit  of  400  guineas.  A  Catalogue  of  the  Birds  of  Ire 
land;  pub.  in  Exshaw's  Mag.,  June,  1774;  and  in  the 
August  number  was  pub.  a  Catalogue  of  the  Fish  of  Ire 
land.  The  doctor  visited  Jamaica,  Antigua,  and  other 
islands,  for  the  purpose  of  "collecting  and  preserving 
specimens  of  the  plants,  birds,  shells,  <fcc.  of  those  luxu 
riant  soils,  with  a  view  to  the  improvement  of  natural 
history." 

Browne,  Peter,  d.  1735,  a  native  of  Ireland,  was  at 
first  Provost  of  Trinity  College,  Dublin,  and  afterwards 
Bishop  of  Cork.  A  Letter  in  Answer  to  Toland's  Chris 
tianity  not  Mysterious,  Lon.,  1697,  8vo.  The  Progress, 
Extent,  and  Limits  of  the  Human  Understanding,  Lon., 
1728,  8vo.  Of  Drinking  in  Remembrance  of  the  Dead, 
Lon.,  1715,  8vo.  Of  this  custom  the  bishop  highly  disap 
proved.  Discourse  of  Drinking  Healths,  Lon.,  1716. 
Things  Divine  and  Supernatural,  <fcc.,  Lon.,  1733,  8vo. 
Sermons,  1749,  2  vols.  8vo. 

"Levelled  principally  against  the  Socinians;  written  in  a  manly 
and  easy  style,  and  much  admired." 

Browne,  Peter  Arrell,  LL.D.,  b.  1782,  at  Phila 
delphia.  1.  Reports  of  Cases  in  the  Court  of  Common 
Pleas  of  the  First  Judicial  District  of  Pennsylvania,  Phila., 
1811,  2  vols.  8vo.  2.  Trichologia  Mammalium;  or,  A 
Treatise  on  the  Organization  and  Uses  of  Hairs  and  Wool, 
1853.  3.  Notices  and  Anecdotes  of  the  Bench  and  Bar  of 
Penna.  from  1609,  MS. 

Browne,  Philip,  Vicar  of  Halsted,  Essex.  Sermons, 
1682,  '84,  4to. 

Browne,  Rev.  R.  W.,  Professor  of  Classical  Litera 
ture  in  King's  College,  London.  History  of  Greek  and 
Roman  Classical  Literature,  Lon.,  1851-53,  2  vols.  8vo. 
History  of  Greece,  18mo;  of  Rome,  18mo  ;  pub.  in  Gleig's 
School  Series.  History  of  Rome  to  the  Death  of  Domitian, 
p.  8vo.  Soc.  P.  C.  K.  Classical  Examination  Papers,  King's 
College,  8vo. 
"  Mr.  Browne's  History  of  G  reek  Classical  Literature  is  in  advance 


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of  every  thing  we  have,  and  it  may  be  considered  indispensable  to 
the  classical  scholar  and  student."— PROF.  J.  A.  SPEXCER,  N.  York. 

Professors  Griffin  of  Williams  College,  Hyde  of  Burling 
ton  College,  and  Harrison  of  the  University  of  Virginia, 
also  highly  commend  this  work. 

Browne,Robert.  Treatises  on  Longitude, <tc,1714,'36. 

Browne,  Robert.  System  of  Theology,  revealed  from 
God  by  the  Angels,  in  the  British  language,  Lon.,  1728,  8vo. 

Browne,  Robert.     Peach  and  Nectarine  Trees,  1787. 

Browne,  Rowland  J.  A  Practical  Treatise  on  Ac 
tions  at  Law,  Lon.,  1843,  8vo. 

"  A  full,  accurate,  and  useful  treatise." — Marvin's  Legal  Bill. 

Browne,  Sam.  Collection  of  Merry  Jokes,  with  the 
curious  story  of  the  unfortunate  French  Pastry-Cook,  8vo. 

Browne,  Sara  H.,  a  native  of  Sunderland,  Massa 
chusetts,  is  known  as  the  authoress  of  My  Early  Friends, 
1847.  Recollections  of  My  Sabbath-School  Teachers,  1850, 
Ac.  She  has  also  contributed  to  the  periodicals.  See  Hart's 
Female  Prose  Writers  of  America,  1855. 

Browne,  Simon,  1680-1732,  a  Dissenting  minister  of 
great  learning,  was  a  native  of  Shepton  Mallet,  Somerset 
shire.  In  1716  he  accepted  a  call  to  the  pastoral  charge 
of  the  congregation  of  Dissenters  in  Old  Jewry,  London. 
Here  he  was  eagerly  listened  to  by  crowded  congregations 
until  1723,  when,  from  grief  at  the  loss  of  his  wife  and  only 
son,  he  became  deranged  on  a  particular  subject,  though 
mentally  undisturbed  on  other  matters.  He  was  firmly 
persuaded  that  the  Supreme  Being  had 

"Annihilated  in  him  the  thinking  substance,  and  utterly  di 
vested  him  of  consciousness :  that  though  he  retained  the  human 
shape,  and  the  faculty  of  speaking,  in  a  manner  that  appeared  to 
others  rational,  he  had  all  the  while  no  more  notion  of  what  he 
said  than  a  parrot." 

He  continued  under  this  delusion  for  the  rest  of  his  life. 
He  gave  up  his  clerical  charge,  and  refused  to  join  in  any 
act  of  worship,  either  public  or  private.  Yet  while  in  this 
sad  condition,  he  wrote  his  celebrated  answer  to  Woolston's 
Discourse  on  the  Miracles  of  our  Saviour,  and  his  strictures 
upon  Tindal's  Christianity  as  old  as  the  Creation.  If  he  was 
crazy,  he  was  at  least  more  than  equal  to  two  infidels ;  and  so 
Woolston  and  Tindal  found  to  their  cost.  He  also  evinced  his 
mental  vigour  by  the  compilation  of  Greek  and  Latin  Dic 
tionaries;  though,  indeed,  he  does  not  seem  to  have  consi 
dered  this  any  evidence  of  intellectual  ability :  he  replied  to 
a  Mend  who  called  in,  and  asked  him  what  he  was  doing, — 

"I  am  doing  nothing  that  requires  a  reasonable  soul;  I  am 
making  a  Dictionary ;  but  you  know  thanks  should  be  returned  to 
God  for  every  thing,  and  therefore  for  DICTIONARY-MAKERS." 

We  hope  that  our  rather  impolitic  disinterestedness  in 
introducing  this  anecdote  into  our  Lexicon  will  be  duly 
appreciated. 

Browne  pub.  in  1706  A  Caveat  against  Evil  Company; 
this  was  a  short  treatise.  The  True  Character  of  the  Heal 
Christian,  1709,  8vo.  Hymns  and  Spiritual  Songs,  1720, 
12mo.  Sermons,  1722.  A  Disquisition  on  the  Trinity, 
1732,  8vo.  A  Fit  Rebuke  to  a  Ludicrous  Infidel;  in  some 
Remarks  on  Mr.  Woolston's  Fifth  Discourse  on  the  Miracles 
of  our  Saviour,  1732,  8vo,  with  a  Preface  concerning  the 
prosecution  of  such  writers  by  the  Civil  Power. 

"  In  this  answer  Browne  displays  great  ability.  The  preface  is 
considered  a  noble  apology  for  liberty  of  conscience  and  of  the 
press,  and  a  severe  condemnation  of  civil  prosecutions  for  matters 
of  opinion." — LOWNDES. 

Defence  of  the  Religion  of  Nature,  and  the  Christian 
Revelation ;  against  the  defective  account  of  the  one,  and 
the  exceptions  against  the  other,  in  a  book  entitled  Chris 
tianity  as  old  as  the  Creation,  Lon.,  1732,  8vo;  against 
Tindal.  The  Close  of  the  Defence,  <fcc.,  1733,  8vo.  Mr. 
B.  also  contributed  to  a  periodical  entitled  The  Occasional 
Paper;  collected  in  3  vols.  8vo. 

"  He  was  a  man  of  very  considerable  learning,  of  distinguished 
virtue,  of  the  most  fervent  piety,  and  was  animated  by  an  ardent 
zeal  for  the  interests  of  rational  and  practical  religion.  His  abili 
ties  made  him  respected,  and  his  virtues  rendered  him  beloved : 
but  such  was  the  peculiarity  of  his  case,  that  he  lived  a  melancholy 
instance  of  the  weakness  of  human  nature." 

Browne,  Stephen.  Laws  of  Ingrossing,<fcc.,1765,8vo. 

Browne,  Theophilus.     Harvest  Sermon,  1708,  4to. 

Browne,Theophilus.  Select  Parts  of  Scripture,1805. 

Browne,  Thomas,  D.D.,  1604-1673,  anative  of  Mid 
dlesex,  elected  student  of  Christ  Church,  1620 ;  domestic 
chaplain  to  Archbishop  Laud,  1637;  Canon  of  Windsor, 
1639;  and  Rector  of  Oddington,  Oxfordshire.  Camden's 
Tomus  alter  et  idem ;  or,  The  History  of  the  Life  and  Death 
of  Queen  Elizabeth,  trans,  into  English,  Lon.,  1629,  4to. 
To  the  original  (Camden's  Annals,  vol.  ii.,  1589-1602)  the 
translator  has  added  corrections,  animadversions,  <tc.  A 
Key  to  the  King's  Cabinet,  Oxf.,  1645,  fol.  De  Posthumo 
Grotii,  Hague,  1646,  Svo;  pub.  under  the  name  of  Simpli- 
cius  Virinus  :  it  was  a  defence  of  Grotius  against  an  epistle 


BRO 

of  Salmasius.  The  Royal  Charter  granted  unto  Kings  by 
God  Himself,  Lon.,  1649,  Svo.  Dissertatio  de  Therapeutis 
Philonis  adversus  Henricum  Valesiam,  Lon.,  1687,  Svo; 
subjoined  to  Colomesius's  edit,  of  St.  Clement's  Epistles. 
Sermon  on  Rom.  x.  15,  1688,  4to.  Latin  Sermon  on  Rom. 
x.  15,  1688,  4to. 

Wood  refers  to  a  sermon  of  our  author's,  which  produced 
great  excitement.  It  was  one  preached  before  the  Univer 
sity  in  St.  Mary's,  Dec.  24,  1633  j 

"Which  sermon  being  esteemed  a  blasphemous  piece  by  the  pu 
ritanical  party  of  the  said  parish,  they  complained  of  it  to  the  said 
archbishop,  {Laud,]  who  instead  of  having  him  punished,  was 
made  (say  they)  canon  of  Windsor;  and  afterwards,  when  the  said 
archbishop's  writings  were  seized  on  at  Lambeth,  the  sermon  was 
found  lying  on  his  table :  but  this  I  presume  was  never  printed." — 
Athen.  Oxan. 

Browne, Thomas.  The  Times ;  a  Satyr,Lon.,1783,4to. 

Browne,  Thomas.  Classical  Dictionary,  Lon.,  1797, 
12mo.  Viridarium  Poeticum,  1799,  Svo.  The  British  Ci 
cero,  1803,  3  vols.  Svo.  Piuacotheco  classica,  1811,  12mo. 

Browne,  Captain  Thomas  Gunter.  Hermes  Un 
masked,  1795,  Svo.  Letters  3d  and  4th,  containing  the 
Mysteries  of  Metaphysics,  <fcc.,  1796,  Svo. 

Browne,  Sir  Thomas,  M.D.,  1605-1682,  one  of  the 
most  distinguished  of  English  writers,  was  a  native  of  Lon 
don.  His  father,  a  highly  respectable  merchant,  died  during 
his  nonage,  and  his  mother  was  married  again  to  Sir  Thomas 
Dutton.  His  education  was  commenced  at  Winchester, 
from  whence,  in  1623,  he  was  sent  to  Pembroke  College, 
Oxford,  where  he  was  entered  a  gentleman  commoner.  He 
took  the  degree  of  M.A.,  studied  medicine,  and  commenced 
practice  in  Oxfordshire.  Shortly  afterwards  he  visited  the 
Continent,  studied  at  Padua,  and  was  created  Doctor  of 
Physic  in  the  University  of  Leyden.  He  returned  to  Eng 
land  about  1633,  and  between  this  and  1635  is  supposed  to 
have  written  his  Religio  Medici.  In  1636  he  settled  at 
Norwich,  and  in  1637  he  was  created  Doctor  of  Physic  in 
the  University  of  Oxford.  Four  years  later  he  was  united 
in  marriage  to  a  lady  of  the  name  of  Mileham,  of  a  Nor 
folk  family.  The  wits  considered  his  desertion  of  a  bachelor 
life,  after  his  curious  proposition  in  the  Religio  Medici,  to 
afford  a  fair  handle  against  him.  But  Browne  let  them 
laugh  to  their  content,  satisfied  with  his  domestic  happiness. 
The  amiable  pair  were  united  for  the  long  term  of  one-and- 
forty  years,  and  saw  ten  children  growing  up  around  them. 
He  was  chosen  an  Honorary  Fellow  of  the  Royal  College 
of  Physicians  in  1664,  and  in  1671  received  the  honour  of 
knighthood  from  Charles  II.  Before  his  death  he  made 
donations  for  the  benefit  of  Trinity  College,  Cambridge, 
and  Christ  Church,  Oxford.  We  now  come  to  speak  of 
those  works  which  have  placed  him  in  the  first  rank  of 
English  authors.  The  Religio  Medici, — The  Religion  of 
a  Physician, — his  first  work,  was  not  designed,  the  author 
states,  for  publication.  A  MS.  copy  floated  about  for  some 
time  from  hand  to  hand,  until  it  found  its  way  to  the 
press,  without  the  author's  knowledge,  in  1642,  in  which 
year  two  editions  were  pub.  (Lon.,  Svo.)  An  edition 
was  put  forth  by  the  author  in  1643,  and  by  16S5  it  had 
passed  through  no  less  than  eight  editions.  The  corre- 

tive  to  the  annotations  of  the  former,  need  only  be  alluded 
to  here.  A  detailed  account  will  be  found  in  the  Biog. 
Brit.,  and  some  sensible  observations  on  the  subject  in 
Johnson's  Life  of  Sir  Thomas  Browne,  and  in  Mr.  Simon 
Wilkins's  Preface  in  H.  G.  Bohn's  excellent  edition,  1852, 
3  vols.  Mr.  Merryweather  of  Cambridge  introduced  Re 
ligio  Medici  to  the  learned  of  other  lands,  by  a  Latin  ver 
sion,  which  was  pub.  in  Holland  in  1644,  and  the  same 
year  in  Paris,  and  in  Strasburg  in  1652,  with  copious  notes 
by  Moltkenius.  The  notes  of  Sir  Kenelm  Digby  will  be 
found  in  the  English  edition  of  1643,  and  those  in  the 
editions  from  1644  are  by  Thomas  Keek  of  the  Temple. 
From  Merryweather's  version  it  was  trans,  into  Italian,; 
German,  Dutch,  and  French. 

"  The  Religio  Medici  was  no  sooner  published,  than  it  excited  the 
attention  of  the  public  by  the  novelty  of  paradoxes,  the  dignity 
of  sentiment,  the  quick  succession  of  images,  the  multitude  of  ab 
struse  allusions,  the  subtility  of  disquisition,  and  the  strength  of 
language." — DR.  SAML.  JOHNSON. 

The  famous  Guy  Patin,  in  a  letter  from  Paris,  April  7, 
1645,  alludes  to  the  sensation  which  its  publication  excited 
in  that  polished  capital  : 

"  The  book  entitled  Religio  Medici  is  in  high  credit  here.  Tha 
author  has  wit;  there  are  abundance  of  fine  things  in  that  book; 
he  is  a  humorist,  whose  thoughts  are  very  agreeable,  but  who,  in 
my  opinion,  is  to  seek  for  a  master  in  religion— as  many  others 
are — and,  in  the  end,  perhaps,  may  find  none.  One  may  say  of 
him,  as  Philip  de  Comines  did  of  the  founder  of  the  Minimes,  a 
hermit  of  Calabria.  Francis  de  Paula,  '  he  is  still  alive,  and  may 
grow  worse  as  well  as  better.' " 

263 


BRO 


BRO 


It  is  certainly  calculated  to  induce  caution  in  an  author 
when  he  remembers  that,  for  a  few  careless  remarks,  a  sin 
cere  Christian,  like  Browne,  has  had  attributed  to  him  a 
character  which  he  would  have  considered  a  lasting  dis 
grace  —  that  of  an  unbeliever  in  Christianity.  Salmasius, 
Buddseus,  Tobias  Wagner,  Miiller,  and  Reiser,  consider 
him  as  doubtful,  an  infidel,  or  even  atheistic,  as  their  views 
vary,  whilst  Reimmannus  and  Heister  warmly  vindicate 
his  orthodoxy.  This  grave  charge  of  unbelief,  or  even  of 
skepticism,  is  altogether  unjustifiable.  The  disreputable 
ranks  of  the  enemies  of  truth  are  ever  on  the  watch  to 
stamp  their  brand  of  infamy  on  the  brow  of  those  whose 
reputation  they  hope  will  strengthen  their  wretched  cause. 
As  Johnson  well  remarks, 

"  In  proportion  as  they  doubt  the  truth  of  their  own  doctrines, 
they  are  desirous  to  gain  the  attestation  of  another  understanding  : 
and  industriously  labour  to  win  a  proselyte,  and  eagerly  catch  at 
the  slightest  pretence  to  dignify  their  sect  with  a  celebrated  name." 

Johnson  sums  up  the  case  as  respects  Sir  Thomas  in  his 
own  masterly  style  : 

"The  opinions  of  every  man  must  be  learned  from  himself: 
concerning  his  practice,  it  is  safest  to  trust  the  evidence  of  others. 
When  these  testimonies  concur,  no  higher  degree  of  historical  cer 
tainty  can  be  obtained  ;  and  they  apparently  concur  to  prove,  that 
Browne  was  a  zealous  adherent  to  the  faith  of  Christ,  that  he  lived 
in  obedience  to  his  laws,  and  died  in  confidence  of  his  mercy." 

In  1646  Browne  pub.  his  Pseudodoxia  Epidemica,  or 
Enquiries  into  very  many  received  Tenets,  and  commonly 
presumed  Truths,  (sm.  folio;)  2d  edit.,  enlarged  and  cor 
rected,  1650,  fol.  ;  again  in  1659,  fol.  ;  and  in  1669,  '72, 
4to  ;  6th  edit,  with  improvements,  1673  ;  in  French,  Paris, 
1733,  2  vols.  12mo.  This  was  received  with  great  favour, 
although  it  was  criticized  by  Alexander  Ross,  (who  as 
Medicus  Medicatus  had  attacked  Religio  Medici,)  as  Arcana 
Microcosmi,  and  by  Robinson  in  his  Eudoxa,  or  a  Calm 
Ventilation,  <fcc. 

"  It  is  indeed  to  be  wished,  that  he  had  longer  delayed  the  pub 
lication,  and  added  what  the  remaining  part  of  his  life  might  have 
furnished  :  the  thirty-six  years  which  he  spent  afterwards  in  study 
and  experience,  would  doubtless  have  made  large  additions  to  an 
Inquiry  into  Vulgar  Errors."  —  Johnson's  Life,  of  Sir  T.  B. 

"  Browne's  Inquiry  into  Vulgar  Errors  displays  a  great  deal  of 
erudition,  but  scarcely  raises  a  high  notion  of  Browne  himself  as 
a  philosopher,  or  of  the  state  of  physical  knowledge  in  England. 
The  errors  he  indicates  are  such  as  none  but  illiterate  persons,  we 
should  think,  were  likely  to  hold,  and  I  believe  that  few  on  the 
continent  so  late  as  1646,  would  have  required  to  have  them  ex 
ploded  with  such  an  ostentation  of  proof.  Who  did  not  know  that 
the  phoenix  is  a  fable?"—  Hollands  Introduc.  to  Lit.  Hist. 

But  some  other  learned  authorities  estimate  this  work 
very  differently  : 

"  No  modern  author  has  treated  this  subject  more  accurately  or 
copiously.  In  his  first  book  he  learnedly  inquires  into  the  general 
causes  of  error  ;  and  in  his  succeeding  books  he  not  only  discourses 


of  the  mistakes  which  are  crept  into  natural  philosophy,  but  such 

cha 
sick."  —  MORHOF. 


also  as  have  corrupted  history,  theology,  mechanic  arts,  and  phy- 


"  As  he  excelled  in  theoretical  and  practical  divinity,  so  he  shone 
no  less  in  philosophy,  wherein  he  emulated  Hercules;  and  under 
taking  by  his  Fsevd.  Ep.  to  clear  the  sciences  from  error,  he  fell 
nothing  short  of  the  other's  labour  in  cleansing  the  Augean  stable." 
— REIMMAN. 

"  It  is  an  excellent  work,  and  contains  abundance  of  curious 
things."— NICERON. 

See  Supplet.  Memoir  by  Simon  Wilkins,  prefixed  to  H. 
G.  Bohn's  edit,  1852,  3  vols. 

In  1658  appeared  his  Hydriotaphia,  Urne-Burial,  or  a 
Discourse  of  the  Sepulchral  Urnes  lately  found  in  Norfolk. 

"  From  the  trivial  incident  of  the  discovery  of  a  few  urns  at 
Walsingham,  he  undertakes  to  treat  of  the  funeral  rites  of  all  na 
tions,  and  has  endeavoured  to  trace  these  rites  to  the  principles 
and  feelings  which  gave  rise  to  them.  The  extent  of  reading  dis 
played  in  this  single  treatise  is  most  astonishing,  and  the  whole  is 
irradiated  with  the  flashes  of  a  bright  and  highly  poetical  genius, 
though  we  are  not  sure  that  any  regular  plan  can  be  discovered  in 
the  work."— Cunningham's  Biog.  Hist.,  q.  v. 

"  There  is  perhaps  none  of  his  works  which  better  exemplify  his 
reading  or  memory.  It  is  scarcely  to  be  imagined  how  many  par 
ticulars  he  has  amassed  together  in  a  treatise  which  seems  to  have 
been  occasionally  written ;  and  for  which,  therefore,  no  materials 
could  have  been  previously  collected."— Johnson's  Life  of  T.  B. 

To  this  work  was  added  the  Garden  of  Cyrus,  or  the 
Quincunxial  Lozenge,  or  Net  Work  Plantation  of  the  An 
cients,  artificially,  naturally,  mystically,  considered.  In 
this  work  the  author  searches  diligently  for  any  thing  ap 
proaching  to  the  form  of  a  quincunx,  and  his  ingenuity 
discovers,  Coleridge  says, 

"  Quincunxes  in  heaven  above,  quincunxes  in  earth  below,  quin 
cunxes  in  the  mind  of  man.  quincunxes  in  tones,  in  optic  nerves 
in  roots  of  trees,  in  leaves,  In  every  thing." 

In  lieu  of  a  very  learned  definition  of  a  quincunx,  let 
the  reader  accept  the  following  as  a  pictorial  representa 
tion  thereof: 

*  « 
* 

•  * 


Johnson  wittily  remarks  upon  Browne's  ingenuity  in  dis 
covering  Quincunxes,  that 

"A  reader,  not  watchful  against  the  power  of  his  infusions, 
would  imagine  that  decussation  was  the  great  business  of  the 
world,  and  that  nature  and  art  had  no  other  purpose  than  to  ex 
emplify  and  imitate  a  quincunx." 

Sir  Thomas  left  a  number  of  treatises,  a  collection  of 
which  was  published  after  his  death,  by  Doctor,  afterwards 
Archbishop,  Tenison,  (Lon.,  1684,  8vo,)  and  another  by 
John  Hase.  Christian  Morals  was  pub.  by  Dr.  Jeffrey  in 
1716.  A  notice  of  these  learned  pieces  will  be  found  in 
Johnson's  Life  of  Browne.  It  has  been  remarked  that 

"  Certainly  never  any  thing  fell  from  his  pen  which  did  not  de 
serve  to  see  the  light.  His  very  letters  were  dissertations,  and 
full  of  singular  learning,  though  written  upon  the  most  common 
subjects." 

His  collected  works  were  pub.  in  1686,  fol.  In  1836 
Simon  Wilkin,  F.L.S.,  Esq.,  favoured  the  world  with  an 
edition  in  4  vols.  8vo,  which  has  been  recently  (in  1852) 
pub.  in  3  vols.  8vo,  in  Henry  G.  Bohn's  excellent  Antiqua 
rian  Library,  which,  with  his  other  valuable  libraries  of 
standard  works,  we  commend  to  the  reader's  attention.  In 
Mr.  Wilkin's  edition  of  Browne's  works  will  be  found,  be 
sides  other  important  matter,  much  bibliographical  in 
formation  respecting  the  early  impressions  of  Browne's 
different  treatises.  Every  one  who  desires  to  enjoy  the 
evidences  of  a  massive  grandeur  which  he  little  expected 
to  find  in  an  English  author,  should  hasten  to  the  perusal 
of  the  verba  ardentia — the  pondera  verborum — of  Browne, 
as  to  a  noble  intellectual  repast.  We  think  that  too  much 
stress  has  been  laid  upon  Johnson's  alleged  imitations  of 
the  style  of  the  learned  physician.  The  lexicographer 
was  more  indebted  to  Browne  than  was  the  essayist.  John 
son  certainly  learned  something  from  Browne,  but  perhaps 
he  profited  as  much  by  Chambers,  and  more  by  Sir  William 
Temple.  In  depth  and  suggestiveness  Browne  as  much 
excels  Johnson,  as  the  latter  excels  the  former  in  fluency 
and  grace  of  modulation.  Who  ever  had  to  read  a  sen 
tence  of  Johnson's  twice  before  he  could  comprehend  it  ? 
Who  ever  read  a  page  of  Browne's  without  a  reinspection 
of  several  passages,  which  had  perplexed  more  than  they 
had  gratified?  Yet  such  intellectual  exercise  is  most 
healthful,  and  promotes  a  mental  robustness  and  vigour 
which  amply  repay  the  cost  at  which  they  are  acquired.  We 
commend  to  the  attention  of  our  readers  the  following  vo 
lume  : — Religio  Medici :  Its  Sequel,  Christian  Morals.  By 
Sir  Thomas  Browne,  Kt,  M.D.  With  resemblant  Passages 
from  Cowper's  Task ;  and  a  Verbal  Index,  post  8vo. 

"  The  public  in  general,  and  all  readers  of  pure  taste  and  virtu 
ous  feelings  in  particular,  are  deeply  indebted  to  the  editor  for 
publishing,  for  the  first  time,  Sir  T.  Browne's  admirable  Eeligio 
Medici  and  its  sequel,  Christian  Morals,  together  in  one  volume; 
and  also  for  his  careful  correction  of  the  text  in  both.  The  index 
is  rich  in  good  old  English  words;  but  the  great  attraction  is  the 
quotation  of  corresponding  passages  from  Cowper's  Task,  which 
shew  how  fully  imbued  the  poet  was  with  the  elder  author." — Lon. 
Literary  Gazette. 

We  conclude  with  some  opinions  upon  the  works  of  this 
ornament  of  knighthood  and  medicine, — than  whom  a 
greater  has  not  adorned  the  learning  of  the  one,  nor  dig 
nified  the  chivalry  of  the  other. 

"  Sir  Thomas  Browne,  by  his  intense  earnestness  and  vivid  so 
lemnity,  seems  ready  to  endow  the  grave  itself  with  life.  He  does 
not  linger  in  the  valley  of  the  shadow  of  death,  but  enters  within 
the  portals  where  the  regal  destroyer  keeps  his  awful  state;  and 
yet  there  is  nothing  thin,  airy,  or  unsubstantial — nothing  ghostly 
or  shocking  in  his  works.  He  unveils,  with  a  reverent  touch,  the 
material  treasures  of  the  sepulchre  :  he  describes  these  with  the 
learning  of  an  antiquary ;  moralizes  on  them  with  the  wisdom  of  a 
philosopher ;  broods  over  them  with  the  tenderness  of  an  enthu 
siast;  and  associates  with  them  sweet  congenial  images,  with  the 
fancy  of  a  poet.  He  is  the  laureat  of  the  king  of  terrors ;  and  most 
nobly  does  he  celebrate  the  earthly  magnificence  of  his  kingdom. 
He  discovers  consolations  not  only  in  the  hopes  of  immortality, 
but  in  the  dusty  and  sad  ornaments  of  the  tomb.  Never  surely 
by  any  other  writer  was  sentiment  thus  put  into  dry  bones." — Lon. 
Retrospective  Review.  1820,  vol.  i.  89. 

"  I  wonder  and  admire  his  entireness  in  every  subject  that  is 
before  him.  He  follows  it,  he  never  wanders  from  it,  and  he  has 
no  occasion  to  wander;  for  whatever  happens  to  be  the  subject,  he 
metamorphoses  all  nature  into  it.  In  the  treatise  on  some  urns 
dug  up  in  Norfolk,  how  earthy,  how  redolent  of  graves  and  sepul 
chres  is  every  line!  You  have  now  dark  mould,  now  a  thigh-bone, 
now  a  skull,  then  a  bit  of  mouldered  cofiin,  a  fragment  of  an  old 
tombstone  with  moss  in  its  '  Hie  Jacet,'  a  ghost,  or  a  winding-sheet, 
or  the  echo  of  a  funeral  psalm  wafted  on  a  November  wind;  and 
the  gayest  thing  you  shall  meet  with  shall  be  a  silver  nail  or  a  gilt 
'Anno  Domini,'  from  a  perished  coffin-top."— CHARLES  LAMB. 

"  It  is  not  on  the  praises  of  others,  but  on  his  own  writings,  that 
he  is  to  depend  for  the  esteem  of  posterity ;  of  which  he  will  not 
easily  be  deprived  while  learning  shall  have  any  reverence  among 
men;  for  there  is  no  science  in  which  he  does  not  discover  some 
skill;  and  scarce  any  kind  of  knowledge,  profane  or  sacred,  ab 
struse  or  elegant,  which  he  does  not  appear  to  have  cultivated  with 
success." — DR.  SAMI,.  JOHNSON. 

"  A  superior  genius  was  exhibited  in  Sir  Thomas  Browne.    His 


BRO 

mind  was  fertile  and  ingenious;  his  analogies  original  and  bril 
liant  ;  and  his  learning  so  much  out  of  the  beaten  path,  that  it 
gives  a  peculiar  and  uncommon  air  to  all  his  writings." — HALLAM. 

"  Such  was  his  sagacity  and  knowledge  of  all  history,  ancient 
and  modern,  and"  his  observations  thereupon  so  singular,  that  it 
hath  been  said  by  them  that  knew  him  best,  that  if  his  profession, 
and  place  of  abode,  would  have  suited  his  ability,  he  would  have 
made  an  extraordinary  man  for  the  privy  council,  not  much  in 
ferior  to  the  famous  Padre  Paulo,  the  late  oracle  of  the  Venetian 
state." — WHITEFOOT. 

With  regard  to  the  question,  before  referred  to,  as  to  the 
religious  opinions  of  Sir  Thomas,  it  is  to  be  observed  that 
all  doubt  upon  that  point  should  be  settled  by  the  testi 
mony  of  Whitefoot,  his  intimate  friend  for  forty-one  years : 

'•  He  fully  assented  to  the  Church  of  England,  preferring  it  be 
fore  any  in  the  world,  as  did  the  learned  Grotius.  He  attended 
the  publick  service  very  constantly,  when  he  was  not  withheld  by 
his  practice.  Never  missed  the  sacrament  in  his  parish,  if  he 
were  in  town.  ...  I  visited  him  near  his  end,  when  he  had  not 
strength  to  hear  or  speak  much ;  the  last  words  which  I  heard 
from  him  were,  besides  some  expressions  of  dearness,  that  he  did 
freely  submit  to  the  will  of  God,  being  without  fear." 

We  doubt  not  that,  in  that  solemn  hour  which  converts 
even  thoughtlessness  into  solemnity,  this  wise  and  learned 
physician,  who  had  been  all  his  lifetime  subject  to  the 
fear,  guided  by  the  counsel,  and  animated  by  the  love,  of 
that  great  Being  who  trieth  the  heart  of  the  children  of 
men,  and  understandeth  all  their  ways, — we  doubt  not,  in 
that  solemn  hour,  he  could  look  beyond  the  "narrow 
house  appointed  for  all  living" — the  furniture  of  which  no 
other  pencil  hath  so  magnificently  described — to  the  "  suf 
ficiency  of  Christian  immortality," — to  the  resurrection  of 
the  just.  Was  the  English  tongue  ever  put  to  a  grander 
use  than  in  that  noble  "conclusion  of  the  whole  matter," 
with  which  he  sums  up  what  we  may  call  the  requiem  of 
the  King  of  Terrors  himself?— 

"But  the  sufficiency  of  Christian  immortality  frustrates  all 
earthly  glory,  and  the  quality  of  either  state  after  death  makes  a 
folly  of  posthumous  memory.  God,  who  can  only  destroy  our 
souls,  and  hath  assured  our  resurrection,  either  of  our  bodies  or 
names  hath  directly  promised  no  duration.  Wherein  there  is  so 
much  of  chance,  that  the  boldest  expectants  have  found  an  un 
happy  frustration ;  and  to  hold  long  subsistence  seems  but  a  scape 
in  oblivion.  But  man  is  a  noble  animal,  splendid  in  ashes,  and 
pompous  in  the  grave,  solemnizing  nativities  and  death  with 
equal  lustre,  nor  omitting  ceremonies  of  bravery  in  the  infamy  of 
his  nature." — Hydriotaphia,  Book  v. 

It  had  been  melancholy  indeed,  if  that  far-reaching  and 
comprehensive  mind,  which  knew  so  much  of  the  works 
of  God,  had  never  attained  to  the  knowledge  of  their  Crea 
tor:  if  that  brilliant  intellect,  which  had  shed  so  bright 
a  light  for  the  instruction  and  edification  of  others,  had 
itself,  at  last,  gone  "  out  in  obscure  darkness  !" 

Browne,  W.,  Vicar  of  Wing.     Sermon,  1716,  8vo. 

Browne,  William.  His  Fiftie  Years'  Practice:  or 
an  Exact  Discourse  concerning  Snatfle  Riding,  for  Trot 
ting  and  Ambling,  Lon.,  1624,  4to. 

Browne,  William,  b.  1590,  at  Tavistock,  in  Devon 
shire,  became  a  student  of  Exeter  College,  Oxford,  about 
the  beginning  of  the  reign  of  James  I.  Britannia's  Pas- 
toralls,  two  books,  part  1,  1613 ;  part  2,  1616 ;  Lon.  fol. : 
both  parts,  1625,  8vo.  The  Shepherd's  Pipe,  Lon.,  1614, 
1620,  8vo.  His  Works,  containing  the  above  two,  the 
Inner  Temple  Masque,  and  other  Poems,  edited  by  the 
Rev.  W.  Thompson,  Lon.,  1772,  3  vols.  sm.  8vo. 

Browne's  poetry  was  greatly  admired  in  its  day,  out 
soon  fell  into  neglect.  The  author  of  the  advertisement 
prefixed  to  his  works  laments  that 

_  "  He  who  was  admired  and  beloved  by  all  the  best  writers  of  his 
time ;  who  was  esteemed  and  recommended  highly  by  the  critical 
Johnson  and  the  learned  Selden,  was,  in  a  few  years  after  his 
death,  almost  forgotten." 

The  fourth  Eclogue  of  The  Shepherd's  Pipe,  in  which 
he  laments  the  death  of  his  friend  Thomas  Manwood,  has 
been  greatly  commended.  The  writer  just  quoted  remarks, 

"  I  dare  not  say,  that  it  is  equal  to  the  celebrated  Lycidas  of 
Milton,  but  surely  it  is  not  much  inferior.  That  genius  has  not 
disdained  to  imitate  William  Browne ;  and  Lycidas  owes  its  origin 
to  Philarete." 

"It  will  appear  even  to  our  most  infallible  critics,  that  though 
Mr.  Browne  wrote  an  hundred  and  eleven  years  ago,  his  language 
is  as  nervous,  his  numbers  as  harmonious,  his  descriptions  as 
natural,  his  panegyrics  as  soft,  and  his  satire  as  pointed,  as  any 
that  are  to  be  found  in  the  whip-syllabub  poetasters  of  the  present 
century."— Memoirs  of  the  Life  of  William  Pattison.  pub.  in  1728,8?x>. 

"His  imagination  was  fertile,  and  his  mind  vigorous;  but  his 
judgment  was  corrupted  by  those  Italian  models  which  the  fashion 
of  his  day  taught  him  to  imitate.  His  descriptions,  though  pic 
turesque,  have  an  air  of  extravagance ;  his  conceptions,  though 
strong,  have  marks  of  deformity:  and  his  language  never  flows  in 
a  strain  of  continued  purity.  He  could  not  plan  with  precision 
and  delicacy,  and  was  unable  to  join  correctness  with  spirit." — 
Lon.  Monthly  Review,  1772. 

Anthony  Wood  remarks  that 

"  As  he  had  honoured  his  country  with  his  elegant  and  sweet 
pastorals,  so  was  he  expected,  and  also  entreated,  a  little  farther 


BRO 

!  to  grace  it,  by  drawing  out  the  line  of  his  poetic  ancestors,  begln- 
j  ning  in  Joseph  Iscanius,  [Joseph  of  Exeter,  13th  century,]  and 
ending  in  himself." — Athen.  Oxon. 

Wood  says  that  much  of  a  work  of  this  kind  had  been 
prepared  by  Browne,  and  Oldys  intimates  the  same  thing, 
and  pronounces  him  to  have  been  most  capable  of  so  im 
portant  an  undertaking : 

"  He  was  reported  a  man  not  only  the  best  versed  in  the  works 
and  beauties  of  the  English  poets,  but  also  in  the  history  of  their 
lives  and  characters."—  Oldys's  MSS. 

We  take  the  above  notices  from  the  Biog.  Brit.,  to  which 
the  reader  is  referred  for  further  particulars. 

"  It  appears  to  us,  that  sufficient  justice  has  not,  since  the  era 
of  Milton,  been  paid  to  his  talents ;  for,  though  it  be  true,  as  Mr. 
Headley  has  observed,  that  puerilities,  forced  allusions,  and  con 
ceits,  have  frequently  debased  his  materials,  yet  are  these  amply 
atoned  for  by  some  of  the  highest  excellencies  of  his  art ;  by  an 
imagination  ardent  aid  fertile,  and  sometimes  sublime;  by  a  vivid 
personification  of  passion ;  by  a  minute  and  truly  faithful  delinea 
tion  of  rural  scenery ;  by  a  peculiar  vein  of  tenderness  which  runs 
through  the  whole  of  his  pastorals,  and  by  a  versification  uncom 
monly  varied  and  melodious.  With  these  are  combined  a  species 
of  romantic  extravagance  which  sometimes  heightens,  but  more 
frequently  degrades  the  effect  of  his  pictures.  Had  he  exhibited 
greater  judgment  in  the  selection  of  his  imagery,  and  greater  sim 
plicity  in  his  style,  his  claim  on  posterity  had  been  valid,  had  been 
general  and  undisputed." — Drake's  Shakspeare  and  his  Times. 

Sir  Egerton  Brydges  pub.  some  poems  of  Browne,  not 
before  printed.  We  regret  that  we  have  not  space  for  the 
eloquent  eulogy  of  Browne  by  Thomas  Miller,  a  delightful 
writer  of  our  own  day,  still  living.  We  must  extract  a 
line  or  two : 

"  He  carries  with  him  the  true  aroma  of  old  forests :  his  lines 
are  mottled  with  mosses,  and  there  is  a  gnarled  ruggedness  upon 
the  stems  of  his  trees.  His  waters  have  a  wet  look  and  splashing 
sound  about  them,  and  you  feel  the  fresh  air  play  around  you 
while  you  read.  His  birds  are  the  free  denizens  of  the  fields,  and 
they  send  their  songs  so  life-like  through  the  covert,  that  their 
music  rings  upon  the  ear,  and  you  are  carried  away  with  his 
'  sweet  pipings.' " 

Browne  commemorates  in  ardent  strains  the  poetical 
powers  of  his  friend  George  Wither : 

"DAVIS  and  WITHER,  by  whose  Muse's  power, 
A  natural  day  to  me  seems  but  an  hour; 
And  could  I  ever  hear  their  learned  lays, 
Ages  would  turn  to  artificial  days." 

From  Britannia's  Pastorals. 

Wither  returns  the  compliment  in  as  complimentary  a 
style : 

"Roget  here  on  Willy  calls 
To  sing  out  his  Pastoralls : 
Warrants  Fame  shall  grace  his  rhymes, 
Spite  of  Envy  and  the  Times." 

From,  Almes  Stript  and  Whipt:  or,  Satyrical  Essays,  Lon., 
1613,  8vo. 

Again, 

"  I  feel  an  envious  touch, 

And  tell  thee,  swain,  that  at  thy  fame  I  grutch ; 
Wishing  the  art  that  makes  this  poem  shine, 
And  this  thy  work  (wert  thou  not  wronged)  mine." 

Rare  Ben  Jonson  admired  Browne  greatly : 

"I  would 

More  of  our  writers  would,  like  thee,  not  swell 
With  the  how  much  they  set  forth,  but  the  how  well." 

A  poet  who  can  elicit  the  warm  encomiums  of  such  men 
as  Selden,  Jonson,  Dray  ton,  Wither,  Davies,  and  many 
others,  distinguished  for  learning  or  knowledge  of  the 
poet's  art — and  those  men  his  contemporaries — must  needs 
have  rare  merit.  To  few  authors  has  it  chanced  to  be  so 
enthusiastically  lauded  by  one  age  and  so  thoroughly  neg 
lected  by  the  next.  Of  poems  which  were  devoured  with 
rapture,  and  praised  with  warmth,  a  third  edition  was  not 
demanded  for  a  century  and  a  half. 

Browne,  Sir  William,  M.D.,  1692-1774,  a  native 
of  Norfolk,  was  entered  of  Peter-house,  Cambridge,  in 
1707,  where  he  took  the  degrees,  B.A.,  1710;  M.A.,  1714; 
M.D.,  1721.  He  was  a  frequent  publisher  of  small  pieces, 
principally  classical,  and  always  with  as  thorough  an  in 
fusion  of  Latin  and  Greek  as  they  would  possibly  bear,  for 
Sir  William  was  as  fond  of  the  "manner  of  the  ancients" 
as  was  his  professional  brother  in  Peregrine  Pickle.  We 
notice  a  few  of  his  publications :  Dr.  Gregory's  Elements 
of  Catoptrics  and  Dioptrics,  translated  from  the  Latin 
Original,  &c.,  Lon.,  1715,  8vo.  The  Pill  Plot,  1734,  4to. 
Opuscula  Varia,  1765,  4to.  A  Vindic.  of  the  College  of 
Physicians,  1753.  Odes  in  imitation  of  Horace,  addressed 
to  Sir  Robert  Walpole  and  the  Duke  of  Montagu,  1765. 
A  Farewell  Oration  at  the  College  of  Physicians,  1768,  4to  : 
this  contains  many  curious  particulars  of  Sir  William's  life. 
Fragmenta  Isaaci  Hawkins  Browne,  &c.,  1768,  4to.  Three 
Odes,  1771,  4to.  A  Proposal  on  our  Coin,  1774,  4to.  A 
New  Year's  Gift,  1772,  4to.  Speech  to  the  Royal  Society, 
1772,  4to.  Elegy  and  Address,  1773,  4to.  A  Latin  Ver 
sion  of  Job,  unfinished,  4to. 

Sir  William  was  a  most  curious  character,  and  the  reader 

265 


BRO 

will  find  an  interesting  account  of  him  in  Nichols's  Lite 
rary  Anecdotes,  and  Chalmers's  Biog.  Diet.  Bishop  War- 
burton  gives  an  amusing  account  (in  a  letter  to  Bishop 
Kurd)  of  a  visit  with  which  he  was  honoured  by  Sir 
William: 

"  When  I  came  down  into  the  drawing-room,  I  was  accosted  by 
a  little,  round,  well-fed  gentleman,  with  a  large  muff  in  one  hand, 
a  small  Horace,  open,  in  the  other,  and  a  spying-glass  dangling  m 
a  black  ribbon  at  his  button.  .  .  .  We  then  took  our  chairs ;  and 
the  first  thing  he  did  or  said,  was  to  propose  a  doubt  to  me  con 
cerning  a  passage  in  Horace,  which  all  this  time  he  had  still  open 
in  his  hand.  Before  I  could  answer,  he  gave  me  the  solution  of 
this  long-misunderstood  passage ;  and,  in  support  of  his  explana 
tion,  had  the  charity  to  repeat  his  own  paraphrase  of  it  in  English 
verse,  just  come  hot,  as  he  said,  from  the  brain." 

Foote,  in  his  Devil  upon  Two  Sticks,  gave  an  exact  re 
presentation  of  him,  as  sketched  above,  upon  the  stage. 
Sir  William  sent  him  his  card,  thanking  him  for  so  happy 
a  likeness,  but  remarked  that  as  Foote  had  forgotten  the 
muff",  he  sent  him  his  own  ! 

At  the  age  of  eighty,  he  came  to  Batson's  coffee-house 
in  his  laced  coat  and  band,  and  fringed  white  gloves,  to 
show  himself  to  Mr.  Crosby,  then  Lord  Mayor.  A  gentle 
man  present  observing  that  he  looked  very  well,  he  re 
plied  he  had  "  neither  wife  nor  debts." 

Browne,  William  George,  1768-1813,  an  eminent 
traveller,  a  native  of  London,  educated  at  Oriel  College, 
Oxford,  was  murdered  by  banditti  when  on  his  way  from 
Tabriz  to  Teheran.  Mr.  Brown  was  stimulated  to  the 
love  of  adventure  by  the  perusal  of  Bruce's  Travels.  He 
passed  many  years  in  investigations  in  Africa,  Egypt, 
Syria,  Greece,  <fcc.  Travels  in  Africa,  Egypt,  and  Syria, 
in  the  years  1792-98,  Lon.,  1799,  4to;  2d  and  best  edit., 
enlarged,  .180 6,  4to. 

"  This  work  was  highly  esteemed,  and  is  classed  by  Major  Ren- 
nel  among  the  best  performances  of  the  kind :  but  from  the  ab 
ruptness  and  dryness  of  the  style,  it  never  became  very  popu 
lar."— Encyc.  Brit. 

"  From  Kahira  Mr.  Brown  penetrated  into  Upper  Egypt.  In  ac 
companying  this  traveller  through  that  country,  the  reader  will 
find  much  more  of  ancient  curiosities  on  the  one  hand,  and  a  much 
abler  description  of  the  people  on  the  other,  than  in  Sonnini." — 
Anti-Jacobin  Review. 

"  A  most  valuable  work,  and  except  in  some  few  peculiarities 
of  the  author,  a  model  for  travellers ;  it  is  particularly  instructive 
in  what  relates  to  Darfour." — STEVENSON. 

"  In  courage,  prudence,  love  of  science,  and  intimate  acquaint 
ance  with  the  Eastern  languages  and  manners,  he  has  never  been 
exceeded." — PINKERTON. 

Brownell,  Henry  Howard.    Poems,  N.  Y.,  16mo. 

"  There  is  much  genuine  poetry  in  this  volume.  The  sentiment 
is  elevated,  the  imagery 'at  times  highly  impressive,  and  some  of 
the  poems  are  calculated  deeply  to  affect  our  finer  sensibilities." 

Brownell,  Thomas  Church,  D.D.,  LL.D.,  Bishop 
of  the  Protestant  Episcopal  Church  in  the  State  of  Con 
necticut,  b.  1779,  at  Westfield,  Massachusetts,  has  pub.  a 
number  of  valuable  theological  works.  Commentary  on 
the  Book  of  Common  Prayer,  r.  8vo.  Consolation  for  the 
Afflicted,  18mo.  Christian's  Walk  and  Consolation,  18mo. 
Exhortation  to  Repentance,  ISmo.  Family  Prayer  Book. 
Religion  of  the  Heart  and  Life,  5  vols.  Religious  In 
quirer  Answered,  ISmo.  Youthful  Christian's  Guide,  18mo 

Browning,  Mrs.  Elizabeth  Barrett,  b.  in  Lon 
don  of  a  family  in  affluent  circumstances,  and  educated 
with  great  care.  She  gave  very  early  proofs  of  genius. 
At  the  age  of  ten  she  attempted  writing  both  in  prose  and 
verse,  and  at  fifteen  her  powers  as  a  writer  were  known  to 
her  friends.  Her  "Essay  on  Mind,  with  other  Poems," 
was  published  by  her  at  the  age  of  seventeen.  The  Sera 
phim,  and  other  Poems,  Lon.,  1838,  The  Romaunt  of  the 
Page,  1839,  The  Drama  of  Exile,  Isobel's  Child,  Casa 
Guidi  Windows,  1851,  Miscellaneous  Poems,  Ac.  deservedly 
occupy  a  high  place  in  English  poetical  literature.  In 
addition  to  her  original  works,  she  has  distinguished  her 
self  by  a  translation  into  English  of  the  Prometheus  Bound 
of  JSschylus,  which  has  been  styled 

"  A  remarkable  performance  for  a  young  lady,  but  not  a  good 
translation  in  and  by  itself.  It  is  too  frequently  uncouth,  with 
out  being  faithful,  and,  under  a  pile  of  sounding  words,  lets  the 
fire  go  out.  .  .  .  Miss  Barrett  has  not  attempted  to  reproduce  the 
grand  effect  of  anapaestic  systems  of  the  Greek,  for  which,  never 
theless,  there  are  great  facilities  in  English,  and,  instead  of  the 
fullest  and  completest  close  in  the  whole  range  of  the  Greek  drama, 
the  English  Prometheus  comes  to  au  end  before  you  expect  it." — 
Lon.  Quar.  Reo. 

This  version  of  the  Prometheus  Bound  was  pronounced 
"an  early  failure"  by  the  mature  judgment  of  the  writer, 
who  made  a  new  translation,  which  now  appears  in  the 
collected  edition  of  her  works.  Mrs.  Browning,  who  is  as 
distinguished  for  learning  as  for  genius,  contributed  a 
series  of  critical  papers  on  the  Greek  Christian  Poets  to 
the  London  Athenaeum. 

Miss  Barrett  was  married  in  1846  to  Mr.  Robert  Brown- 


BRO 

ing,  the  author  of  Paracelsus,  <fec.  The  reviewer  whom 
we  have  just  quoted  gives  our  authoress  credit  for  "  extra 
ordinary  acquaintance  with  ancient  classical  literature," 
and  few  writers  of  the  day  have  more  enthusiastic  ad 
mirers,  whilst  certain  grave  faults  are  fully  acknow 
ledged  : 

"  It  is  with  real  pain  that  we  say,  surely  never  was  gold  so  dis 
guised  and  overlaid  with  tinsel  as  hers, — never  was  real  merit 
made  to  look  so  like  what  Carlyle  would  call  a  '  sham.'  She  pos 
sesses  genius,  a  cultivated  mind,  a  truth-loving  heart,  quick  powers 
of  observation,  and  luxuriancy  of  fancy  and  expression ;  but  that 
luxuriance  too  often  verges — to  say  the  least — on  extravagance. 
Her  thoughts,  fine  in  themselves,  are  not  clearly  conceived,  and 
are  expressed  in  a  wilderness  of  words  in  which  it  is  sometimes  dif 
ficult  to  pick  up  one  distinct,  intelligible  idea.  Her  genius  is  er 
ratic,  and  runs  away  with  her;  in  short,  what  avails  truth  to  na 
ture,  and  poetic  power,  when  the  writer  thinks  proper  to  be  unin 
telligible?  .  .  .  There  is  little  in  the  praise  which  has  been  bestowed 
on  Miss  Barrett's  poems  in  which  we  cannot  heartily  join,  and  we 
might  have  contented  ourselves  with  citing  agreeable  passages 
and  iterating  that  praise;  but  we  have  pursued  a  course  more 
likely,  we  hope,  to  be  profitable  to  this  highly-gifted  lady,  and  to 
the  minds  of  the  living  and  unborn  on  whom  she  has  the  power 
to  confer  benefit — and  benefit  of  the  highest  order." — British  Quar 
terly  Review,  vol.  ii.  p.  337. 

We  refer  the  reader  to  a  review  of  the  poems  of  our 
authoress  in  Blackwood's  Magazine,  vol.  Ivi.  p.  621. 

"  It  is  plain  that  Miss  Barrett  would  always  write  well  if  she 
wrote  simply  from  her  own  heart,  and  without  thinking  of  the 
composition  of  any  other  author — at  least  let  her  think  of  them 
only  in  so  far  as  she  is  sure  that  they  embody  great  thoughts  in 
pure  and  appropriate  language,  and  in  forms  of  construction  which 
will  endure  the  most  rigid  scrutiny  of  common  sense  and  unper- 
verted  taste." 

The  faults  with  which  this  gifted  author  is  justly  charge 
able — obscurity,  strained  and  affected  construction,  and  in 
congruous  admixtures  of  the  language  of  ^Eschylus  with 
the  language  of  Shakspeare — we  hope  to  see  reformed  alto 
gether  in  her  future  labours.  One  of  her  reviewers  re- 

"  Mr.'  Leigh  Hunt,  in  one  of  his  clever  poems,  calls  her  '  the 
sister  of  Tennyson.'  We  object  to  this,  and  claim  her  as  Shaks- 
pere's  daughter!  Great  as  Robert  Browning  is  in  the  world  of 
poetry,  his  wife  is  literally  '  the  better  half.' " 

Mr.  Moir,  one  of  the  fairest  of  contemporary  critics,  re- 

«  Gifted  with  a  fine  and  peculiar  genius,  what  Mrs.  Browning 
might  have  achieved,  or  may  yet  achieve,  by  concentration  ol 
thought  and  rejection  of  unworthy  materials,  it  is  impossible  to 
say ;  but  most  assuredly  she  has  hitherto  marred  the  effect  of  much 
she  has  written  by  a  careless  self-satisfaction.  Instead  of  being  a 
comet  that '  from  its  horrid  hair  shakes  pestilence  and  war,'  she 
might  have  been,  and  I  trust  is  destined  yet  to  be,  a  constellation 
to  twinkle  for  ever  in  silver  beauty  amid  the  blue  serene."— 
Sketches  of  the  Poet.  Lit.  of  the  Past  HalJ -Century. 

"  Mrs.  Browning's  Poems  are  of  the  class  the  full  beauty  and 
value  of  which  can  but  scantily  be  indicated  by  extracts.  Yet  it 
would  not  be  difficult  to  select  passages  instinct  with  a  life  and 
beauty  of  their  own."— London  Examiner. 

Our  learned  friend,  Rev.  Dr.  Geo.  W.  Bethune,  a  critic 
of  exquisite  taste,  remarks  that 

"  Mrs.  Browning  is  singularly  bold  and  adventurous.  Her  wing 
carries  her,  without  faltering  at  their  obscurity,  into  the  cloud  and 
the  mist,  where  not  seldom  we  fail  to  follow  her,  but  are  tempted, 
while  we  admire  the  honesty  of  her  enthusiasm,  to  believe  that 
she  utters  what  she  herself  has  but  dimly  perceived.  Much  of 
this,  however,  arises  from  her  disdain  of  carefulness." 

We  shall  conclude  our  sketch  with  a  few  lines  from  two 
of  our  writer's  own  sex : 

"  Such  is  the  influence  of  her  manners,  her  conversation,  her 
temper,  her  thousand  sweet  and  attaching  qualities,  that  they 
who  know  her  best  are  apt  to  lose  sight  altogether  of  her  learning 
and  of  her  genius,  and  to  think  of  her  only  as  the  most  charming 
person  that  they  have  ever  met."— Mary  Russell  Mitfvra  s  Mecot- 
lections  of  a  Literary  Life. 

"In  delicacy  of  perception  Miss  Barrett  may  vie  with  any  of  her 
sex.  She  has  what  is  called  a  true  woman's  heart,  although  we 
must  believe  that  men  of  a  fine  conscience  and  good  organiiaHW 
will  have  such  a  heart  no  less.  Signal  instances  occur  to  us  ir 
the  cases  of  Spenser,  Wordsworth,  and  Tennyson.  The  woman 
who  reads  them  will  not  find  hardness  or  blindness  as  to  the  sub 
tler  workings  of  thoughts  and  affections. 

"If  men  are  often  deficient  on  this  score,  women  on  the  othe: 
hand  are  apt  to  pay  excessive  attention  to  the  slight  tokens,  the 
little  things  of  life.    Thus,  in  conduct  or  writing,  they  tend  t 
weary  us  with  a  morbid  sentimentalism.    From  this  fault  1 
Barrett  is  wholly  free."— MARGARET  FULLER. 

The  4th  Eng.  ed.  of  M/s.  Browning's  Poems  was  put). 
Lon.,  1856,  3  vols.  12mo;  and  in  the  same  year  she  gave 
to  the  world  Aurora  Leigh.  Reviews  of  this  poem  will  be 
found  in  the  North  British  Review,  February,  1857,  (being 
a  general  notice  of  Mrs.  Browning's  literary  characteristics,) 
and  in  the  London  Athenaeum,  Nov.  22,  1856,  No.  1425; 
N.  Amer.  Rev.,  Ac.  Amer.  ed.  of  her  poems,  N.Y.,  3  vola. 
12mo.  Aurora  Leigh,  12mo. 

An  excellent  edition  of  Mrs.  Browning's  Poems  has 
been  published  by  Francis  &  Co.,  N.Y. 

Browning,  Geo.  Condition  of  Great  Britain,  Lon., 
1834,  8vo. 


BRO 

Browning,  J.  Lorenzo.  Pignotti's  History  of  Tus 
cany,  interspersed  with  Essays  trans,  from  the  Italian, 
with  Life  of  the  author,  by  J.  L.  B.,  4  vols.  8vo,  Lon.,  1823. 

"  Amongst  the  modern  writers  of  Italy,  whose  works,  both  in 
poetry  and  prose,  stand  high  in  the  public  estimation,  is  the  late 
Lorenzo  Pignotti,  one  of  the  authors  enumerated  by  Pozzetti  as 
entitled  to  lasting  fame."— ROSCOE. 

Browning,  John.    Sermons,  Lon.,  1636,  4to. 

Browning,  John.  Con.  to  Phil.  Trans.,  1746,  '51. 
Electricity,  Population,  Ac. 

Browning,  Robert,  b.  1812,  at  Camberwell,  Eng 
land,  and  educated  at  the  London  University,  is  one  of  the 
most  eminent  poets  of  the  day.  In  1836  he  pub.  Paracel 
sus,  which  was  highly  commended  by  a  number  of  critics, 
but  not  extensively  read.  In  1837  his  Tragedy  of  Straf- 
ford  was  produced,  Mr.  Macready  personating  the  hero. 

"It  is  the  work  of  a  young  poet,"  remarks  a  critic,  "but  is  well 
conceived  and  arranged  for  effect,  while  its  relation  to  a  deeply-in 
teresting  and  stirring  period  of  British  history  gives  it  a  peculiar 
attraction  to  an  English  audience." 

Mr.  Browning's  other  works  are  Sordella ;  Pippa  Passes  ; 
The  Blot  in  the  Scutcheon,  (played  at  Drury  Lane  in  1843 ;) 
King  Viator  and  King  Charles ;  Dramatic  Lyrics ;  Return 
of  the  Druses ;  Columbe's  Birthday  ;  Dramatic  Romances  ; 
Luria ;  Bells  and  Pomegranates,  (of  which  Pippa  Passes  is 
the  first;)  Christmas  Eve;  Easter-Day;  Men  and  Women, 
1855.  His  collected  works  have  been  pub.  in  2  vols.  12mo, 
Lon.,  (last  ed.,  1849,)  and  also  by  Ticknor  &  Fields,  of 
Boston,  2  vols.  18mo,  (last  ed.,  1856.)  Mr.  Browning  was 
married  in  November,  1846,  to  Elizabeth  Barrett,  one  of 
the  most  learned  poetesses  of  the  age.  Since  their  mar 
riage  they  have  resided  in  Florence. 

"  Next  to  Tennyson,  we  hardly  know  of  another  English  poet 
who  can  be  compared  with  Browning.  The  grandest  pieces  in  the 
volumes  [of  his  Collected  Works]  are  Pippa  Passes,  and  A  Blot  in 
the  Scutcheon.  The  latter,  in  the  opinion  of  Charles  Dickens,  is 
the  finest  Poem  of  the  century.  Once  read,  it  must  haunt  the 
imagination  forever;  for  its  power  strikes  deep  into  the  very  sub 
stance  and  core  of  the  soul." — E.  P.  WHIPPLE. 

"  Many  English  dramas  have  been  written  within  a  few  years, 
the  authors  of  which  have  established  their  claim  to  the  title  of 
poet.  We  cannot  but  allow  that  we  find  in  them  fine  thoughts 
finely  expressed,  passages  of  dignified  and  sustained  eloquence, 
and  as  adequate  a  conception  of  character  as  the  reading  of  history 
and  the  study  of  models  will  furnish.  But  it  is  only  in  Mr.  Brown 
ing  that  we  find  enough  of  freshness,  vigour,  grasp,  and  of  that 
clear  insight  and  conception  which  enable  the  artist  to  construct 
characters  from  within,  and  so  to  make  them  real  things,  and  not 
images,  as  to  warrant  our  granting  the  honour  due  to  the  dra 
matist." —  JAMES  RUSSELL  LOWELL:  N.  Amer.  Review,  Ixvi. 357: 
read  the  whole  of  this  well- written  article. 

"  He  is  equally  a  master  of  thought  and  emotion,  and  joins  to  a 
rare  power  of  imaginative  creation  that  which  is  still  more  rarely 
found  in  union  with  it — the  subtlest  power  of  mental  reasoning 
and  analysis.  Over  the  instrument  of  language  he  exerts  the 
most  facile  mastery,  and  few  poets  have  moved  with  such  free  and 
flowing  step  through  the  most  complicated  word  mazes  of  music 
and  measure." — London  Examiner. 

"  We  should  say  that  Robert  Browning  deserves  his  position 
from  his  originality ;  but  although  his  name  has  a  certain  celebrity, 
he  has  not  yet  won  for  himself  a  niche  in  the  temple  of  his  nation's 
literature.  He  is  rather  a  thinker  than  a  singer;  and  yet  cannot 
be  accepted  as  a  remarkable  thinker.  The  grand  conception  of  his 
larger  works  is  weak  and  wavering,  but  the  details  exhibit  no 
common  powers.  Whatever  merits  he  may  possess,  are,  however, 
damaged  by  the  eccentricity  and  want  of  beauty  of  his  style.  It 
is  abrupt,  harsh,  full  of  familiar  turns,  and  yet  not  familiar  in,  its 
general  structure :  spasmodic  in  its  vehemence,  and  obscure  from 
mere  negligence." — Brit.  Quarterly  Review,  vi.  1847. 

Browning,  Thomas.     Prison  Thoughts,  1683,  4to. 

Browning,  W.  S.  Provost  of  Paris;  a  Tale,  Lon., 
3  vols.  8vo.  History  of  the  Huguenots,  16th  Century, 
3  vols.  8vo ;  ditto  from  1598  to  1838,  1  vol.  8vo. 

"  One  of  the  most  interesting  and  valuable  contributions  to  mo 
dern  history." — Lon.  Oent.  Mag. 

Brownlee,  William  Craig,  D.D.,  b.  1784,  at  Tor- 
foot,  the  family  estate,  near  Strathaven,  Scotland.  His 
paternal  ancestors  had  been  the  "Lairds  of  Torfoot"  for 
many  generations.  Pastor  of  a  Dutch  Reformed  Church 
in  N.  York  for  many  years,  and  has  pub.  many  valuable 
theolog.  works.  The  Christian  Father  at  Home.  Christian 
Youth's  Book,  and  Manual  for  Communicants.  Inquiry 
into  the  Religious  Principles  of  the  Society  of  Quakers. 
Lights  and  Shadows  of  Christian  Life.  On  Popery.  On 
Roman  Catholic  Controversy.  The  Converted  Murderer. 
Whigs  of  Scotland ;  a  Romance.  Deity  of  Christ.  His 
tory  of  Western  Apostolic  Churches.  Other  works. 

Brownlow,  Bp.  of  Winchester.     Sermons,  1799,  4to. 

Brownlow,  Richard  (and  John  Goldesbo- 
rough's)  Reports  in  C.  Pleas  temp.  Elizabeth  and  James  L, 
Lon.,  1651,  '54,  '75,  4to.  Latino  Redivivus,  1693,  fol. 
Surreptitious  and  imperfect  copies  were  in  circulation 

"  Before  the  complete  copy  of  1 693.  They  were  trans,  into  Eng 
lish,  and  pub.  in  1653 ;  again  with  additions  in  1654.  In  1693  the 
book  was  repub.  in  the  original  Latin,  with  additions,  because, 
the  editor  says,  in  1653  and  in  1654,  these  Entries  were  unskilfully 


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turned  into  English.  One  of  the  translators,  in  speaking  of  the 
work,  says,  '  I  may  dare  to  promise,  without  the  imposition  of  te 
merity,  that  allowing  for  human  incidency,  it  may  as  justly  claim 
the  title  of  perfect  as  any  thing  of  this  nature  hitherto  published.' " 
— Marvin's  Legal  Bibl 

Brownlow  compiled  several  other  legal  treatises. 

Brownrig,  or  Brounrig,  Ralph,  D.D.,  1592- 
1659,  a  native  of  Ipswich,  entered  Pembroke  College, 
Cambridge,  at  14;  Archdeacon  of  Coventry,  1631;  was 
made  Master  of  Catherine  Hall,  Cambridge,  and  Vice- 
chancellor  of  the  University;  Bishop  of  Exeter,  1642. 
He  was  deprived  by  the  Parliament  of  the  revenues  of  his 
bishopric,  and  of  his  mastership  of  Catherine  Hall.  The 
Parliament  did  not  relish  his  plain  discourses.  Forty 
Sermons,  1652,  fol.  j  reprinted  with  25  others,  making  a 
second  volume,  Lon.,  1665,  2  vols.  fol.  He  had  the  cou 
rage  to  "  advise  Oliver  Cromwell  to  restore  King  Charles  II. 
to  his  just  rights."  But  the  "Protector"  had  no  idea  of 
so  easily  depriving  himself  of  the  "  price  of  blood." 

"  He  was  a  great  man  for  the  Anti- Arminian  cause,  (for  he  was  a 
rigid  Calvinist,)  yet  a  mighty  champion  for  the  liturgy  and  ordina 
tion  of  bishops :  and  his  death  was  highly  lamented  by  men  of  all 
parties."— ECHARD. 

"  Dr.  Gauden,  who  had  known  him  above  thirty  years,  declares 
that  he  never  heard  of  any  thing  said  or  done  by  him  which  a 
wise  and  good  man  would  have  wished  unsaid  or  undone.  .  .  . 
He  was  one  of  those  excellent  men  with  whom  Archbishop  Tillot- 
son  cultivated  an  acquaintance  at  his  coming  to  London,  and  by 
whose  preaching  and  example  he  formed  himself." 

"  His  style  is  tolerably  good,  and  his  sentences  generally  short. 
But  he  is  too  full  of  divisions  and  subdivisions,  and  of  scraps  of 
Latin  and  Greek :  which  was  the  great  fault  of  the  age  he  lived 
in." — Biog.  Brit. 

Dr.  Gauden's  eulogy  is  such  a  curious  mixture  of  friend 
ship  and  pedantry,  that  we  must  needs  give  it  to  the  reader : 

"  He  was  a  person  of  those  ample  and  cubical  dimensions,  for 
heighth  of  learning  and  understanding,  for  depth  of  humility  and 
devotion,  for  length  of  all  morality  and  virtue,  and  for  breadth  of 
all  humanity  and  charity,  that  it  is  hard  to  contract  or  epitomize 
him.  He  had  the  learning  of  NAZIANZEN,  BASIL,  or  JEROM  ;  the 
courage  and  constancy  of  ATHANASIUS  and  ST.  AMBROSE;  the  elo 
quence  of  ST.  CHRYSOSTOM  and  CHRYSOLOGUS  ;  the  mildness  and 
gentleness  of  ST.  CYPRIAN  or  ST.  AUSTIN  ;  the  charity  and  benigni 
ty  of  PAULINUS  and  MARTINUS." — Memorials  of  Bishop  Brownrig. 

"  He  had  wit  at  will;  but  so  that  he  made  it  his  page,  not  privy 
councillor ;  to  obey,  not  direct  his  judgment.  He  carried  learn 
ing  enough  in  num?rato  about  him  in  his  pockets  for  any  dis 
course,  and  had  much  more  at  home  in  his  chests  for  any  serious 
dispute.  It  is  hard  to  say  whether  his  loyal  memory,  quick  fancy, 
solid  judgment,  or  fluent  utterance  were  most  to  be  admired,  hav 
ing  not  only  flumen  but  fulmen  eloquentice,  being  one  who  did 
teach  with  authority."— Fuller's  Worthies. 

Brownrigg,  William,  M.D.,  1711-1800,  a  native  of 
Cumberland,  studied  medicine  at  London,  and  afterwards 
at  Leyden,  where  he  took  the  degree  of  M.D.  in  1737. 
Art  of  Making  Common  Salt,  Lon.,  1748,  8vo.  Considera 
tions  on  Pestilential  Contagion,  1771,  4to.  Con.  to  Phil. 
Trans.,  1753,  &c.  When  the  President  of  the  Royal  So 
ciety,  Sir  John  Pringle,  was  called  on  to  bestow  upon  Dr. 
Priestley  the  gold  medal  for  his  paper  of  Discoveries  on 
the  Nature  and  Properties  of  Air,  he  remarked, 

"  It  is  no  disparagement  to  the  learned  Dr.  Priestley,  that  the 
vein  of  these  discoveries  was  hit  upon,  some  years  ago,  by  my 
very  learned,  very  penetrating,  very  industrious,  but  too  modest, 
friend,  Dr.  Brownrigg." 

Dr.  Brownrigg  was  undoubtedly  the  "  legitimate  father" 
of  this  class  of  discoveries. 

Brownsmith,  John.  The  Rescue,  or  Thespian 
Scourge,  1767,  8vo.  Dramatic  Timepiece,  being  a  calcu 
lation  of  the  Length  of  Time  every  Act  takes  in  the  Per 
forming,  in  all  the  acting  Plays  at  the  Theatre  Royal  of 
Drury  Lane,  <fcc.  <fcc.,  1767,  8vo.  It  is  said  that  books 
have  been  written  about  almost  every  thing,  and  it  ap 
pears  that  Mr.  Brownsmith  determined  to  find  a  subject 
for  his  industry.  If  he  could  have  accurately  informed 
the  public  of  all  the  evil  effects  in  various  ways  produced 
every  night  by  the  theatre,  and  its  many  injurious  in 
fluences,  he  would  have  been  a  benefactor  to  society 
indeed ! 

Brownson,  Orestes  A.,  b.  about  1802,  is  a  native 
of  Windsor  county,  Vermont.  He  has  been,  in  succession, 
a  Presbyterian  minister,  a  Universalist,  a  Deist,  again  a 
Christian  minister, — and  is  now  a  Roman  Catholic  layman. 
Some  attention  was  excited  to  Mr.  Brownson's  pecu 
liarities  by  a  series  of  articles  in  the  Christian  Examiner. 
In  1836  he  gave  to  the  world  a  volume  entitled,  New  Views 
of  Christianity,  Society,  and  the  Church.  Two  years  later 
he  commenced  the  publication  of  the  Boston  Quarterly 
Review,  in  which  periodical  the  principal  part  of  his  writ 
ings  have  appeared.  In  1843  it  was  merged  in  the  De 
mocratic  Review,  pub.  in  New  York,  to  which  Mr.  B.  en 
gaged  to  contribute.  His  papers  were  not  received  with 
much  warmth,  and  in  1844  he  revived  his  periodical  under 
the  title  of  Brownson's  Quarterly  Review,  which  is  still 


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Continued,  largely  supplied  with  Mr.  Brownson's  lucubra-  | 
tions.     In  1840  he  pub.  an  account  of  his  religious  ex-  j 
perience,  under  the  title  of  Charles  Elwood,  or  the  Infidel 
Converted.     Mr.  Brownson  is  a  great  admirer  of  the  phi 
losophy  of  M.  Comt£,  as  developed  in  the  Cours  de  Philo 
sophic  Positive.     A  well- written  notice  of  Mr.  Brownson's 
literary  character  will  be  found  in  Gris  wold's  Prose  Wri 
ters  of  America. 

"  We  have  no  doubt  that  Charles  Elwood  will  aid  many  a  doubter  j 
to  a  cheerful  faith,  and  confirm  many  a  feeble  mind  in  the  faith  it 
has  already  professed." — Christian  Examiner. 

"  The  sfvle  of  Mr.  Brownson  has  some  good  qualities.  It  is 
commonplace,  without  purity,  and  destitute  of  any  characteristic  \ 
brilliance  or  elegance;  but  it  is  natural,  direct,  and  plain.  It  is 
that  simple  and  unaffected  manner  which  has  the  appearance  of 
being  formed,  not  upon  any  plan,  but  merely  by  practice  and  use." 
— R.  W.  GRISWOLD. 

"The  metaphysical  talents  of  Mr.  0.  A.  Brownson  are  well 
known  throughout  the  United  States.  He  is  an  able  critic  on 
mental  philosophy:  and  the  several  articles  which  have  appeared 
from  his  pen  in  the  Quarterly  Review  are  of  a  first-rate  character." 
—Blakey's  Hiit.  of  the.  Philosophy  of  Mind. 

The  Convert;  or,  Leaves  from  my  Experience,  N.Y.,  1857, 
12mo.    This  work  has  been  both  highly  praised  and  censured. 
Brownswerd,  John,  d.  1589.     Progymnasmata  ali 
quot  Poemata,  Lon.,  1590.     Other  pieces. 

"  He  was  deservedly  numbered  among  the  best  Latin  poets  that 
lived  in  the  reign  of  qu.  Elizabeth." — Athen.  Oxon. 

Brownswood,  John.     Sermon  on  Methodists,  1739. 
Brownswood,  William.     Sermon,  1704,  4to. 
Broxoliue,  Charles.     Perkins  Improved,  1657;  a 
theolog.  treatise. 

Bruce,  Alexander.  Principia  Jurisfeudalis,  Edin., 
1713,  Svo.  Other  legal  treatises,  pub.  1714-72. 

Bruce,  Alexander.  Cause  of  the  Pestilence,  Edin., 
1759. 

Bruce,  Archibald,  M.D.,  1777-1818,  a  native  of 
New  York,  son  of  William  Bruce,  M.D.,  head  of  the  Medi 
cal  Department  in  the  British  Army  at  New  York,  com 
menced  in  1810  the  pub.  of  The  Journal  of  American 
Mineralogy,  the  earliest  purely  scientific  Journal  of  Ame 
rica.  Dr.  Bruce  pub.  but  one  volume.  It  was  succeeded 
by  Silliman's  Journal,  the  able  editor  of  which  is  still 
(1854)  devoted  to  scientific  investigation,  and  the  Journal 
is  continued. 

Bruce,  Arthur.  Con.  to  Trans.  Linn.  Soc.,  1797. 
Natural  Hist  of  the  Common  Mole.  General  View  of  the 
Agriculture  of  the  County  of  Berwick,  Ac.,  1794,  4to. 

•'  This  work  is  printed  as  an  appendix  to  the  former  work  by 
Lowe.  .  .  .  The  two  reports  together  form  a  work  that  was  not 
equalled  in  the  whole  number  of  county  surveys." — Donaldson's 
Agricutt.  Biog. 

Bruce,  Basil.     Exhortation  against  Oaths,  1798. 
Bruce,  E.  and  J.     Geography  and  Astronomy,  Ac., 
1805,  12mo;  4th  edit,  1813. 

Bruce,  Edward,  edited  a  beautiful  edition  of  such 
Latin  authors  as  have  written  upon  the  Chase,  entitled 
Poetae  Latini  Rei  Venaticae  Scriptores  et  Bucolici  Antiqui, 
Ac.,  Leyden,  1728,  4to.  This  edition  has  been  erroneously 
ascribed  to  Kempfer. — Biog.  Univ. 

Bruce,  James,  1730-1794,  an  eminent  traveller,  de 
scended  on  the  female  side  from  the  royal  house  of  Bruce, 
was  a  native  of  Kinnaird,  county  of  Stirling,  Scotland. 
An  interesting  account  of  his  travels  in  France,  Spain, 
Italy,  Germany,  Africa,  Ac.,  will  be  found  in  Rose's  Biog. 
Diet 

Travels  to  discover  the  Source  of  the  Nile,  in  the  years 
1768,  '69,  '70,  '71,  '72,  and  '73,  Edin.,  1790,  5  vols.  4to;  2d 
edit,  corrected  and  enlarged,  with  a  Life  of  the  Author, 
by  Dr.  Alexander  Murray,  Edin.,  1805,  7  vols.  Svo ;  and 
3d  edit,  1813,  7  vols.  Svo,  and  Atlas,  4to.  The  4to  Atlas 
contains  the  plates,  being  select  specimens  in  Natural  His 
tory,  collected  in  Travels  to  discover  the  Source  of  the  Nile, 
in  Egypt,  Abyssinia,  and  Nubia,  being  an  Appendix  to 
his  Travels.  Dr.  Alexander  Murray,  the  editor  of  the  2d 
edit,  pub.  Edin.,  1808,  4to,  An  Account  of  the  Life  and 
Writings  of  James  Bruce,  Esq.,  Ac.  See  also  Richard 
Wharton's  Observations  on  the  Authenticity  of  Bruce's 
Travels,  Newc.-upon-Tyne,  1800,  4to ;  and  A  Compliment 
ary  Letter  to  James  Bruce,  Esq.,  by  Peter  Pindar  FDr 
John  Wolcott,]  Lon.,  1790,  4to. 

We  also  commend  to  the  reader's  notice,  as  an  interest 
ing  sequel  to  Bruce's  Travels,  Nathaniel  Pearce's  Nine 
Years'  Residence  in  Abyssinia,  2  vols.  p.  Svo.  Mr.  Bruce 
was  an  excellent  linguist,  and  well  versed  in  several  de 
partments  of  learning. 

"  Bruce's  Travels  is  one  of  those  few  publications  which  at  its 
first  appearance  engaged  our  incessant  perusal,  and  we  then 
thought  it  a  very  useful,  entertaining,  and  interesting  work.  The 
present  edition  is  greatly  superior  to  the  former."— Eclectic  Sevietc, 
notice  of  2d  edit. 


"  It  would  be  poor  and  inadequate  praise  to  say  that  it  has 
seldom  or  never  fallen  to  our  lot  to  notice  a  book  so  ably  edited. 
We  believe  no  editor  ever  before  so  laboriously  qualified"  himself 
for  his  undertaking."  Annual  fiei*. 

"  Who  has  not  heard  of  Bruce — the  romantic,  the  intrepid,  the 
undefatigable  Bruce? — His  'tale'  was  once  suspected;  but  suspi 
cion  has  sunk  into  acquiescence  of  its  truth.  A  more  enterprising, 
light  but  lion-hearted  traveller  never  left  his  native  hills  for  the 
accomplishment  of  such  purposes  as  those  which  Bruce  accom 
plished."—  DIBDIN. 

Bruce,  James.     Sermon,  1803,  Svo. 
Bruce,  James.     Classic  and  Historic  Portraits,  Lon., 
2  vols. 

"  We  find  in  these  piquant  volumes  the  liberal  outpourings  of 
a  ripe  scholarship,  the  results  of  wide  and  various  reading,  given 
in  a  style  and  manner  at  once  pleasant,  gossippy,  and  picturesque." 
— Lon.  Athenaeum. 

"  A  series  of  biographical  sketches  remarkable  for  their  truth 
and  fidelity."— Lon.  Literary  Gazette. 

Bruce,  John.  Emperor  and  the  Muscovites,  1733. 
Bruce,  John,  Keeper  of  the  State  Papers,  and  Histo 
riographer  to  the  Hon.  East  India  Company.  Annals  of 
the  E.  India  Company,  1600-1708,  Lon.,  1810,  3  vols.  4to. 
Report  on  the  Events  and  Circumstances  connected  with 
the  Union  of  England  and  Scotland,  1799,  Svo.  Other 
works,  1780-1813. 

Bruce,  John.     Educational  Works,  Lon.,  1808-16. 
Bruce,  John.     Sympathy,  or  the  Mourner  Advised 
and  Comforted,  Lon.,  1829,  12mo. 

"Valuable  as  are  the  treatises  of  Flavel,  and  Grosvenor,  and 
Cecil,  this  volume  is  more  judicious  than  the  first,  more  clearly 
evangelical  than  the  second,  more  tender  than  the  last,  and  more 
copious  and  complete  than  any  or  all  of  them." — Eclectic  Review. 
History  of  the  Jews  in  all  Ages,  12mo. 
"To  Prof.  Milman's  History  of  the  Jews  this  work  is  a  complete 
antidote."—  Wesley  an  Methodist  Mag. 

Bruce,  John  C.  Hand  Book  of  English  History, 
Lon.,  1848,  12mo.  The  Roman  Wall,  Svo;  2d  edit,  en 
larged,  1853  ;  a  few  copies  on  1.  p.,  4to. 

"  The  Roman  Wall  is  a  very  elaborate  and  painstaking  work  on 
one  of  the  most  interesting  of  British  antiquities.  Mr.  Bruce  is  a 
man  of  learning,  whether  as  regards  Roman  history,  in  connection 
with  Britain,  or  the  works  of  Archaeologists  upon  our  Roman  re 
mains,  especially  those  which  relate  to  his  immediate  subject." — 
Lon.  Spectator. 

"  The  author's  style  renders  it  highly  readable,  the  facts  he  has 
collected  will  make  it  useful  for  reference,  and  its  portability,  and 
the  clear  arrangement  of  the  subject-matter,  should  introduce  it 
as  a  companion  to  all  who  may  desire  to  study  fully  one  of  the 
noblest  monuments  of  our  country." — Gentleman's  Mag. 

Bruce,  Lew.,  D.D.  Sermons,  Lon.,  1743,  '45,  '52, 
'62,  4to. 

Bruce,  Michael.     Sermon,  1725,  Svo. 

Bruce,  Michael,  1746-1767,  a  native  of  Kinness- 

wood,    county  of  Kinross,    Scotland,  was  the   son  of  a 

weaver.     His  father  designed  him  for  the  ministry,  and 

sent  him  to  the  University  of  Edinburgh,  where  he  made 

the  acquaintance  of  the  Rev.  John  Logan,  who  pub.  a 

volume  of  his  poems  in  1770,  three  years  after  his  decease. 

I  A  second  edit,  was  pub.  in  1784,  and  they  were  afterwards 

1  included   in   Anderson's   edit   of    the   Poets.     Principal 

Baird  put  forth  another  edit,  in  1807,  and  in  1837  they 

were  again  pub.,  with  a  life  of  the  author,  by  the  Rev. 

William  Mackelvie,  Balgedie,  Kinrossshire. 

"  Had  Bruce  lived,  it  is  probable  he  would  have  taken  a  high 
place  among  our  national  poets.  He  was  gifted  with  the  requisite 
enthusiasm,  fancy,  and  love  of  nature.  .  .  .  The  pieces  he  has  left 
have  all  the  marks  of  youth ;  a  style  only  half  formed  and  imma 
ture,  and  resemblances  to  other  poets,  so  close  and  frequent,  that 
the  reader  is  constantly  stumbling  on  some  familiar  image  or  ex 
pression.  In  Lochleven,  a  descriptive  poem  in  blank  verse,  he  has 
taken  Thomson  as  his  model.  The  opening  is  a  paraphrase  of 
the  commencement  of  Thomson's  Spring,  and  epithets  taken  from 
the  Seasons  occur  throughout  the  whole  poem,  with  traces  of  Mil 
ton,  Ossian,  Ac.  ...  The  Last  Day  is  inferior  to  Lochleven.  .  .  • 
In  poetical  beauty  and  energy,  as  in  biographical  interest,  his 
latest  effort,  The  Elegy,  must  ever  rank  the  first  iu  his  produc 
tions." — ROBERT  CHAMBERS  :  see  Specimens  in  Cycl.  of  Eng.  Lit. 

"  Though  the  poem  on  Lochleven  contains  little  more  than  six 
hundred  lines,  it  is  astonishing  with  what  a  variety  of  landscapes 
it  is  decorated;  these  are  for  the  most  part  touched  with  a  spirited 
pencil,  and  not  seldom  discover  considerable  originality,  both  in 
conception  and  execution ;  they  are  not  mere  copies  of  still  life, 
but  abound  in  the  expression  of  human  passions  and  feelings, 
and  excite  the  most  permanent  and  pleasurable  emotions.  .  .  . 
Oh  reader!  bless  the  memory  of  the  gentle  Bard;  and  whilst  the 
tear  of  pity  trembles  on  thy  cheek,  mayst  thou  feel  the  plow  of 
emulative  hope,  and  learn  to  live  like  him."— DraL  e'.f  Literary 
Hours,  vol.  iii.  325:  read  the  whole  of  this  interesting  sketch. 

Bruce,  Peter  Henry,  a  distinguished  soldier  of  a 

Scotch  family.     Memoirs,  Travels,  Ac.,  Lon.,  1782,  4to. 

Bruce,  Richard.     The  Life  of  Religion.  Lon.,  1615. 

Bruce,  Robert,    1599-1631,  appointed   one   of  tho 

ministers  of  Edinburgh,  1587.     Sermons,  Edin.,  1591,  Svo. 

16  Sermons,  Lon.,  1617,  4to.    Discovery  of  the  Conspiracy 

of  Papists,  Ac.,  4to.     Sermons  reprinted  with  Collec.  for 

his  life  by  Rev.  Robert  Wodrow,  edited  by  Rev.  Win. 


BRU 


BRY 


Cunningham,  D.D.,  Trinity  College  Church,  Edin.,  printed 
for  the  Wodrow  Society,  1843,  8vo. 

"  A  hero  adorned  with  every  virtue,  a  constant  confessor,  and 
almost  martyr,  of  the  Lord  Jesus."— A.  MELVILLE. 

"  Mr.  Robert  Bruce  I  several  times  heard,  and,  in  my  opinion, 
never  man  spake  with  greater  power  since  the  Apostles'  days." — 
LIVINGSTONE. 

Bruce,  Robert,  M.D.  Arhoricult.  Con.  to  Phil. 
Trans.,  1725. 

Bruce,  Titus,  Monarchy  Maintained;  a  Sermon, 
1682,  4to. 

Bruce,  William.  State  of  Society  in  the  Age  of 
Homer,  p.  8vo.  Treatise  on  the  Being  and  Attributes  of 
God,  8vo.  Sermons  on  the  Study  and  Interpretation  of 
the  Bible,  1824,  8vo. 

"  An  exposition  and  defence  of  the  system  of  Christian  doctrine 
denominated  Arianism." — Lon.  Monthly  Repository. 

Bruch,  Richard.  Epigrammata,  Lon.,  1626,  12mo. 
Epigrammatum,  etc.,  Lon.,  1627. 

Bruckner,  John,  1726-1804,  though  a  native  of  the 
island  of  Cadsand,  near  the  Belgic  frontier,  was  for  51 
years  settled  as  French  preacher  at  Norwich,  England. 
The"orie  du  Systeme  Animal,  Leyd.,  1767 ;  trans,  into  Eng 
lish,  with  the  title  of  A  Philosophical  Survey  of  the  Ani 
mal  Creation,  Lon.,  1768. 

"In  the  7th  and  10th  chapters  are  many  of  the  sentiments 
which  have  been  more  recently  put  forward  in  the  writings  of  Mr. 
Malthus." 

In  1790  he  pub.,  under  the  name  of  Cassander,  Criti 
cisms  on  the  Diversions  of  Purley.  John  Home  Tooke, 
the  author,  replied  to  these  strictures  with  some  asperity 
in  his  4to.  edit.  He  pub.  in  1792  Thoughts  on  Public 
Worship,  being  a  reply  to  Gilbert  Wakefield's  tract  on  So 
cial  Worship,  Lon.,  1791,  8vo.  He  also  began  a  didactic 
poem  in  French  verse,  in  illustration  of  the  principles  laid 
down  in  his  Theorie  du  Systeme  Animal.  Bruckner  was 
a  man  of  considerable  erudition,  and  preached  with  ap 
plause  in  four  languages, — Latin,  French,  Dutch,  and 
English. 

Bruckshaw,  Samuel.  One  more  Proof  of  the  Ini 
quitous  Abuse  of  Private  Madhouses,  1774,  8vo. 

Brudenell,  Exton.  System  of  Midwifery,  Lon., 
1751,  8vo. 

Bruce,  William  U.     The  Clove  Tree,  1797,  4to.  . 

Bruce,  Walter.  Praxis  Medicinae  Theoretica  et  Em- 
pirica,  Lon.,  1639,  4to :  several  foreign  edits.,  Ven.,  1585, 
fol.j  Antw.,  1585,  fol. ;  Lug.  Bat,,  1599,  8vo;  again,  1628, 
8vo;  again,  1647,  8vo. 

Bruen,  Lewis.     Christian  Psalms,  1789,  8vo. 

Bruen,  Robert.    Pilgrim's  Practice,  Lon.,  1621,  8vo. 

Bruen,  Matthias,  1793-1829,  a  native  of  Newark, 
New  Jersey,  pub.  Sketches  of  Italy,  and  a  Sermon  at  Paris. 

Bruggis,  Thos.  Companion  for  a  Chirurgeon,  Lon., 
1651,  8vo.  Chirurgical  Vade  Mecum,  with  a  sup.  by  Ellis 
Pratt,  M.D.,  Lon.,  1689,  12mo. 

Brulles.     Cultivating  and  Dressing  Hemp,  1790. 

Brumhall.     Sermon  on  Hypocrisy,  1677,  4to. 

Brumwell,William.  Con.to  Med.Obs.  andlnq.,1784. 

Brunne,  Robert  de,  or  Robert  Mannyng,  a  na 
tive  of  Brunne  in  Lincolnshire,  was  a  Canon  of  the  Gil- 
bertine  order,  and  resident  in  the  priory  of  Sempringham, 
ten  years  in  the  time  of  Prior  John  of  Camelton,  and  five 
years  with  John  of  Clyntone.  In  1303  he  began  his  trans 
lation,  or  rather  paraphrase,  of  Manuel  Peche  or  Manuel 
des  Peches,  that  is,  the  Manual  of  Sins.  It  is  a  long  pro 
duction,  treating  of  the  decalogue  and  the  seven  deadly 
sins,  which  are  illustrated  by  many  legendary  stories.  It 
was  never  printed,  but  is  preserved  in  the  Bodleian  Library, 
MSS.  No.  415,  and  in  the  Harleian  MSS.,  No.  1701.  In 
this  work  he  remonstrates  upon  the  introduction  of  foreign 
terms  into  the  language :  "  I  seke,"  says  he,  "no  straunge 
Ynglyss." 

But  a  more  important  work  of  his  is  a  metrical  chronicle 
of  England.  The  former  part  is  trans,  from  an  old  French 
poet  called  Maister  Wace  or  Gasse,  who  copied  Geoffrey 
of  Monmouth  in  a  poem  called  Roman  des  Rois  D'Angle- 
terre.  The  second  part  of  De  Brunne's  Chronicle,  begin 
ning  from  Cadwallader,  and  ending  with  Edward  the  First, 
is  trans,  principally  from  a  Chronicle  by  Peter  Langtoft, 
an  Augustine  canon  of  Bridlington,  in  Yorkshire,  who  is 
supposed  to  have  died  in  the  reign  of  Edward  II.,  and  was 
therefore  a  contemporary  of  De  Brunne.  Hearne  edited 
De  Brunne,  but  "has  suppressed  the  whole  of  his  trans, 
from  Wace,  excepting  the  prologue,  and  a  few  extracts 
which  he  found  necessary  to  illustrate  his  glossary."  Some 
specimens  of  De  Brunne's  style  will  be  found  in  Ellis's  se 
lection  ;  in  Chambers's  Cyc.  Eng.  Lit. ;  and  in  Warton's 
Hist,  of  Eng.  Poetry,  in  which  work  will  be  found  some 
learned  notes  upon  our  author. 


"  The  learned  antiquary,  Hearne,  perhaps  thought  that  having 

S reserved  the  whole  of  Robert  of  Gloucester's  faithful  and  almost 
teral  version  of  Geoffrey  of  Monmouth,  it  was  unnecessary  to 
print  the  more  licentious  paraphrase  which  had  passed  through 
the  medium  of  a  Norman  poet." — Ellis's  Specimens  of  Early  Eng. 
Poet.,  i.  92. 

Bruuning,  Benj.    The  Best  Wisdom,  1660,  4to. 

Bruusell,  Samuel.     Sermon,  Lon.,  1660,  fol. 

Brunswick,  Duke  of.  Reasons  for  embracing  the 
Roman  Catholic  Faith,  1715,  8vo. 

Brunton,  Alex.,  D.D.  Sermons  &  Lectures,  1818,  8vo. 

Brunton,  Anna.  The  Cottagers ;  a  Comic  Opera, 
1788,  8vo.  This  was  pub.  at  the  age  of  15. 

Brunton,  Mary,  1778-1818,  the  only  daughter  of 
Colonel  Thomas  Balfour,  was  a  native  of  the  island  of 
Bara,  in  Orkney.  At  the  age  of  20  she  married  the  Rev. 
Dr.  Brunton,  minister  of  Bolton,  in  Haddingtonshire.  In 
1803  Dr.  and  Mrs.  Brunton  removed  to  Edinburgh.  Her 
novel  of  Self-Control  was  pub.  anonymously  in  1811. 

"  I  intended  to  show  the  power  of  the  religious  principle  in  be 
stowing  self-command,  and  to  bear  testimony  against  a  maxim  as 
immoral  as  indelicate,  that  a  reformed  rake  makes  the  best  hus 
band." — From  a  Letter  by  the  Authoress. 

The  work  was  very  successful.  The  1st  edit,  was  sold 
in  a  month,  and  a  second  and  a  third  followed.  In  1814 
she  pub.  Discipline,  which  also  was  successful.  Her  third 
work,  Emmeline,  she  did  not  live  to  finish.  It  was  pub., 
together  with  a  memoir  of  the  authoress,  by  Dr.  Brunton, 
after  her  decease.  An  edition  of  her  works  has  been  pub. 
in  7  vols.  p.  8vo.  All  of  her  writings  have  been  trans,  into 
French,  and  are  highly  esteemed  on  the  Continent. 

"Among  the  pleasing  expounders  of  morality  Mrs.  Brunton 
stood  pre-eminent,  as  well  for  the  good  taste  and  style,  as  for  the 
soundness,  of  her  works.  Her  two  novels  of  Self-Control  and 
Discipline  met  with  great  and  well-deserved  success."  See  Lon. 
Monthly  Keview,  vols.  Ixv.,  Ixxviii.,  and  xci. 

Brusasque,  Eliz.  A.  Trans,  from  the  German  of 
Siitzer  of  the  Principles  of  Taste  as  applied  to  the  Fine 
Arts  and  Literature,  1806,  8vo. 

Bruton,  William.  News  from  the  East  Indies ;  or 
Voyage  to  Bengala,  Lon.,  1638,  4to:  see  Osborne's  Voya 
ges,  i.  267,  1745,  and  Hakluyt's  Voyages,  vol.  v. 

Bryan,  Augustine,  d.  1726,  of  Trinity  College,  Cam 
bridge,  edit.  Plutarch's  Lives,  pub.  Lon.,  5  vols.,  4to,  after 
his  death.  Bishop  Hare  speaks  of  him  in  terms  of  com 
mendation  in  the  preface  to  his  edit,  of  Terence. ' 

Bryan,  Augustine.    A  Sermon,  Lon.,  1718,  8vo. 

Bryan,  or  Bryant,  Sir  Francis,  d.  1520,  an  Eng 
lish  poet  and  warrior,  educated  at  Oxford,  followed  the 
Earl  of  Surrey  in  his  expedition  to  the  coast  of  Brittany. 
In  1549  he  was  appointed  chief  governor  of  Ireland,  and 
he  there  married  the  Countess  of  Ormond.  He  was  nephew 
to  SIR  JOHN  BOURCHIER,  LORD  BERNERS,  (q.  v.)  and  shared 
in  his  literary  taste.  He  trans,  from  the  French  of  Alle*gre, 
A  Dispraise  of  the  Life  of  a  Courtier,  which  Allegre  had 
trans,  from  the  Castilian  of  Guevara,  Bishop  of  Mondovent. 
Bryant's  trans,  was  pub.  Lon.,  1548,  8vo. 

"  He  hath  written  songs  and  sonnets ;  some  of  these  are  printed 
with  the  Songs  and  Sonnets  of  Hen.  Earl  of  Surrey,  and  Sir  Tho. 
Wyatt  the  elder ;  which  Songs  and  Sonnets  shew  him  to  have  been 
most  passionate  to  bewail  and  bemoan  the  perplexities  of  love." — 
Athen.  Oxon. 

He  also  left  some  MS.  Letters  of  State. 

Bryan,  John,  D.D.,  of  Coventry.  Serms.,  Lon., 
1647-74. 

Bryan,  Margaret.     Educational  works,  1799-1815. 

Bryan,  Matthew.     Sermons,  1684,  '92,  4to. 

Bryan,  Michael,  1757-1821,  a  native  of  Newcastle, 
was  for  many  years  the  first  English  authority  in  pictorial 
art.  His  celebrated  Biographical  and  Critical  Dictionary 
of  Painters  and  Engravers  was  pub.  in  7  parts,  1813-16, 
forming  2  vols.  4to.  This  valuable  work  is  an  improve 
ment  as  well  as  enlargement  of  Pilkington's  Dictionary, 
(Lon.,  1805,  '10,  4to.) 

"  No  private  individual  has  been  more  conspicuous  in  the  annals 
of  British  art  than  the  late  Michael  Bryan,  Esq.  .  .  .  Having  had 
constant  need  of  reference  to  his  Dictionary  of  Painters  and  En 
gravers,  we  can  take  upon  ourselves  to  vouch  for  its  general  accu 
racy,  research,  and  ability.  The  original  sketches  are  admirably 
written." — Lon.  Literary  Gazette. 

Mr.  Bohn  has  recently  (in  1849)  pub.  a  new  edition  of 
this  valuable  work,  revised,  enlarged  by  more  than  1000 
additional  Memoirs,  and  continued  to  the  present  time  by 
George  Stanley,  Esq.,  1  vol.  imp.  8vo,  £2  2*.  Dr.  Spooncr 
of  New  York  has  recently  pub.  an  extensive  work  upon 
the  same  plan. 

Bryan,  Philip.  Collection  of  Arms,  Crests,  <fcc., 
Lon.,  fol. 

Bryan,  William.  A  Testimony,  &c.  concerning 
Richard  Brothers,  1795,  8vo. 

Bryanston,  John.     A  Manifest  Reason.  Ac.,  1683. 


BRY 


BRY 


Bryant,  Alfred,  b.  1807,  in  N.  Jersey.  Millenarian 
Views,  1852.  Abstractions  in  the  World  to  Come,  1853. 

Bryant,  Charles.  Hist  Account  of  the  Lycoperdon, 
Lon.,  1783,  8vo.  Flora  Diaetetica,  1783,  8vo.  A  Diet,  of 
the  ornamental  Trees,  Shrubs,  and  Plants  most  commonly 
cultivated  in  Great  Britain,  Norwich,  1790,  8vo. 

Bryant,  Henry.  1.  Sermon.  2.  Cause  of  the  Brand 
in  Wheat,  1758,  '84. 

Bryant,  Jacob,  1715-1804,  a  man  of  profound  learn 
ing,  was  a  native  of  Plymouth,  in  Devonshire,  and  was 
educated  at  Eton,  and  King's  College,  Cambridge.  He 
accepted  the  post  of  tutor  to  the  sons  of  the  Duke  of  Marl- 
borough,  and  attended  his  grace  during  his  campaign  as 
his  private  secretary.  The  duke  gave  further  evidences 
of  his  esteem  by  securing  to  Mr.  Bryant  an  annuity  which 
he  received  until  his  death,  assigning  two  rooms  to  his  use 
at  Blenheim,  and  presenting  to  him  the  keys  of  his  cele 
brated  library.  Mr.  Bryant  revelled  in  these  literary  stores, 
and  it  is  worthy  of  note,  that  as  literature  was  the  great 
passion  of  his  life,  so  its  pursuit  in  one  sense  may  be  said 
to  have  hastened  his  death.  In  stepping  on  a  chair  to 
reach  a  book  in  his  library,  his  foot  slipped,  and  grazing 
his  leg,  mortification  ensued,  of  which  he  died,  Nov.  14, 
1804,  at  the  age  of  89.  Mr.  Bryant  was  wedded  to  his 
books  and  learned  theories,  and  therefore  never  took  a  wife. 
His  publications  were  numerous :  Observations  and  In 
quiries  relating  to  various  Parts  of  Ancient  History,  con 
taining  Dissertations  on  the  Wind  Euroclydon;  and  on 
the  Island  Melite,  together  with  an  Account  of  Egypt  in 
its  most  early  State,  and  of  the  Shepherd  Kings,  Cam 
bridge,  1767,  4to.  In  this  volume  Bryant  does  not  hesitate, 
though  with  great  modesty,  to  enter  the  field  against  Bo- 
chart,  Grotius,  Bentley,  Cluverius,  and  Beza.  He  contends 
that  Euroclydon  is  correct,  and  should  not  be  read  Euroa- 
quito,  and  the  Island  Melite  of  the  last  chapter  of  the  Acts 
is  not  Malta.  His  arguments  are  considered  convincing. 

"  An  ingenious  gentleman,  whose  name  is  Bryant,  has  proved, 
I  think,  very  clearly,  that  the  Isle  of  Malta  was  not  the  place  where 
St.  Paul  was  shipwrecked,  but  Melite,  which  lies  in  the  Adriatic 
gulph,  upon  the  coast  of  Epidaurus.  He  likewise  makes  it  proba 
ble  that  we  must  give  up  Dr.  Bentley's  reading,  and  abide  by  Euro 
clydon." — Charles  Godwin  to  Hutchins,  Aug.  14,  1767. 

"  That  very  respectable  author  has  demonstrably  shown  that  the 
Malta  where  St.  Paul  was  shipwrecked  was  not  the  Malta  in  the 
Mediterranean  Sea  against  Africa,  but  the  Melite  in  the  Illyrian 
Gulf,  because,  &c."— WM.  BOWTEE:  Nichols's  Lit.  Anecdotes,  iii.  47; 
but  see  the  other  side  in  vol.  ix.  515. 

His  next  and  most  important  work,  and  the  one  by  which 
posterity  will  decide  upon  his  merits,  was  A  New  System, 
or  Analysis  of  Ancient  Mythology ;  wherein  an  attempt  is 
made  to  divest  Tradition  of  Fable,  and  to  reduce  Truth  to 
its  original  Purity,  Lon.,  1774-76,  3  vols.  4to. 

Mr.  Bryant's  object  in  this  work  was  to  prove  the  truth 
of  the  Scriptures,  by  tracing  the  earliest  history  of  man 
kind,  as  related  in  the  Bible,  through  the  traditional  remains 
of  all  nations.  Arguing  upon  the  theory  that  all  languages 
must  be  branches  of  the  one  used  by  the  progenitors  of  the 
human  race,  he  conceived  that  the  investigation  of  radical 
terms  and  philological  comparisons  would  lead  to  the  esta 
blishment  of  Scriptural  History.  His  theory  was  an  in 
genious  one,  but  Mr.  Bryant's  zeal  was  greater  than  his 
knowledge  of  oriental  languages.  Richardson  and  other 
scholars  attacked  some  of  his  positions,  and  showed  their 
erroneous  foundations.  A  Vindication  of  the  Apamean 
Medal;  Archaeol.  vol.  iv.,  and  separately  in  4to,  1775. 
Vindiciae  Flavianse;  or  a  Vindication  of  the  Testimony 

fiven  by  Josephus  concerning  our  Saviour  Jesus  Christ, 
780,  8vo.  This  argument  was  so  convincing,  that  even 
Dr.  Priestley  declared  himself  a  convert.  In  this  year 
Bryant  edited  Wood's  Essay  on  Homer,  the  MS.  of  which 
was  left  in  his  care.  An  Address  to  Dr.  Priestley  upon  his 
Doctrine  of  Philosophical  Necessity,  1780,  8vo.  This  was 
replied  to  by  Priestley.  Observations  on  the  Poems  of 
Thomas  Rowley,  in  which  the  authenticity  of  these  Poems 
is  ascertained,  1781,  2  vols.  12mo.  This  was  an  unfortu 
nate  cause,  but  even  when  espousing  error,  Mr.  Bryant 
would  always  elucidate  much  valuable  truth.  In  1783 
was  pub.  The  Marlborough  Gems,  under  the  title  of  Gem- 
marum  antiquarum  delectus  ex  prsestantioribus  desumptus 
in  Dactylotheca  Duels  Marburiensis.  Vol.  1st  of  the  ex 
position  was  written  in  Latin  by  Mr.  Bryant,  and  trans, 
into  French  by  Mr.  Maty;  vol.  2d  by  Dr.  Cole,  and  trans 
by  Mr.  Dutens.  At  the  request  of  the  dowager  Lady  Pem 
broke,  Mr.  B.  prepared,  and  pub.  in  1792,  8vo,  3d  edit. 
1810,  8vo,  Treatise  on  the  Authenticity  of  the  Scriptures 
and  the  Truth  of  the  Christian  Religion. 

"  Peculiarly  adapted  for  men  of  education  who  wish  to  see  the 
p-incipal  arguments  in  favour  of  Christianity  condensed  into  a 
narrow  compass." 
270 


**  A  useful  and  original  view  of  the  evidences  of  Christianity,  in 
which  some  of  the  chief  difficulties  in  Revelation  are  noticed,  and 
on  the  whole,  satisfactorily  obviated." — ORME. 

Observations  upon  the  Plagues  inflicted  upon  the  Egyp 
tians,  Lon.,  1794,  1810,  8vo. 

"  A  very  learned  and  curious  work  on  the  Plagues  of  Egypt,  in 
which  this  series  of  miracles  is  critically  investigated,  and  shewn 
to  afford  most  convincing  evidences  of  the  divine  mission  of  Moses." 
— BISHOP  VAN  MILDERT. 

"None  can  read  this  book  without  being  gratified  with  the 
learned  research  which  it  displays,  and  the  light  which  is  thrown 
by  it  on  the  singular,  and  in  some  respects  obscure,  subjects  to 
which  it  relates."— ORME. 

"  The  same  depth  of  thought,  the  same  brilliancy  of  fancy,  and 
the  same  extent  of  erudition,  are  proportionably  conspicuous  in 
this  smaller  production,  as  in  the  larger  work  of  the  Analysis  of 
Ancient  Mythology."— British  Critic,  O.  S..  iv.  35. 

"  Suggests  some  valuable  hints  for  the  illustration  of  this  sub 
ject." — BlCKERSTETH. 

Mr.  Bryant  had  always  been  conspicuous  for  the  inde 
pendence  of  his  opinions,  and  had  excited  the  astonishment 
of  the  learned  who  were  willing  to  take  things  as  they  had 
j  received  them  from  their  grandsires.  But  what  was  their 
dismay  when  Professor  Dalzel's  publication  of  Chevalier's 
Description  of  the  Plain  of  Troy,  elicited  from  the  fearless 
Jacob,  A  Dissertation  concerning  the  War  of  Troy,  and 
the  Expedition  of  the  Grecians  as  described  by  Homer, 
showing  that  no  such  expedition  ever  took  place,  and  that 
no  such  city  as  Phrygia  existed,  Lon.,  1796,  4to.  Great 
was  the  indignation  of  the  Hellenists  at  finding  their  be 
loved  city  thus  unceremoniously  swallowed  up  by  the  rod 
of  this  skeptical  magician.  Determined  not  to  yield  with 
out  a  struggle,  Vincent,  Falkoner,  Wakefield,  and  Morritt 
rushed  to  the  rescue,  and  the  vindicators  of  Troy  fought 
indeed  like  Trojans.  Mr.  Bryant  made  but  few  converts, 
whatever  may  have  been  the  justice  of  his  cause.  The 
Sentiments  of  Philo-Judaeus  concerning  the  Logos,  or  Word 
of  God,  <fcc.,  1797, 8vo.  In  1799  he  answered  Mr.  Morritt's 
strictures  upon  his  treatise  on  Troy,  and  in  the  same  year 
addressed  an  Expostulation  on  this  subject  to  the  British 
Critic.  Observations  on  the  famous  controverted  passages 
in  Justin  Martyr  and  Josephus.  His  last  work  was  entitled 
Dissertations  upon  some  Passages  in  Scripture,  which  the 
Enemies  of  Religion  have  thought  most  Obnoxious,  and 
attended  with  Difficulties  not  to  be  surmounted,  1803,  4to. 
The  difficulties  referred  to  are  those  in  the  History  of  Ba 
laam  ;  Samson  and  his  victory  at  Lehi ;  the  sun  standing 
still  in  Gibeon,  and  portions  of  the  history  of  Jonah. 

"  On  all  these  topics  the  author's  profound  acquaintance  with 
the  idolatries  and  mythology  of  the  Heathen  supplied  him  with 
many  curious  and  important  illustrations.  If  he  has  not  removed 
all  the  difficulties,  he  has  shown  that  they  may  be  materially  re 
duced." — ORME. 

"  On  the  whole,  we  have  discovered  in  this  work  much  learning, 
much  ingenuity,  and  an  uniform  good  intention ;  but  truth  com 
pels  us  to  add,  that  it  displays  a  defect  in  judgment,  and  a  too 
evident  propensity  to  support  a  favourite  hypothesis." — British 
Critic,  O.  S.,  xxv.  58. 

Amidst  all  Mr.  Bryant's  learned  inquiries,  it  may  be  said 
to  his  praise,  that  if  at  times  speculation  deceived  or  theory 
betrayed  him,  yet  his  great  object  was  to  advance  the  glory 
of  God  by  promoting  the  salvation  of  man  :  to  confirm  our 
hope  of  a  glorious  immortality,  by  establishing  the  truth 
of  that  inspired  record  wherein  we  "  think  we  have  eternal 
life." 

Bryant,  John  Frederick.  Verses  and  autobiogra 
phy,  2d  edit.,  1787,  8vo. 

Bryant,  John  H.,  b.  1807,  a  brother  of  William  Cul- 
len  Bryant,  is  a  native  of  Cummington,  Massachusetts.  In 
1826  be  wrote  a  poem  entitled  My  Native  Village,  which 
was  pub.  in  the  United  States  Review  and  Literary  Gazette, 
of  which  his  brother  William  was  one  of  the  editors.  Mr. 
Bryant  has  been  for  some  years  a  resident  of  Illinois,  a 
cultivator  of  the  soil.  His  poetical  pieces  have  appeared 
in  the  periodicals  of  the  day,  and  in  1  vol.,  1858. 

"  He  is  a  lover  of  nature,  and  describes  minutely  and  effectively. 
To  him  the  wind  and  the  streams  are  ever  musical,  and  the  forests 
and  the  prairies  clothed  with  beauty.  His  versification  is  easy  and 
correct,  and  his  writings  show  him  to  be  a  man  of  refined  taste  and 
kindly  feelings,  and  to  have  a  mind  stored  with  the  best  learning." 
— GriswolcCs  Pwts  and  Poetry  of  America. 

Bryant,  .Lemuel,  d.  1754,  a  minister  of  Braintree, 
Massachusetts,  pub.  a  Sermon  on  Moral  Virtue,  1747.  Re 
marks  on  Mr.  Porter's  Sermon,  1750. 

Bryant,  William  Cullen,  one  of  the  most  eminent 
of  American  poets,  was  born  at  Cummington,  Massachu 
setts,  November  3,  1797.  At  the  early  age  of  ten  years, 
he  published  translations  from  some  of  the  Latin  poets, 
and  when  only  thirteen,  wrote  The  Embargo,  a  political 
satire,  which  was  printed  in  Boston  in  1808.  This  re 
markable  effusion  of  precocious  genius  was  so  successful 
that  a  new  edition  was  called  for  in  a  few  months.  At 
Williams  College  the  youthful  poet  distinguished  himself 


BRY 


BRY 


j      iu       A         tmanta  nf  i  and  we  quote  it  entire,  as  a  noble  example  of  true  poetical  enthu- 

by  his  devotion  to  the  classics  and  other  departme  It  alone  would  establish  the  author's  claim  to  the  honours 

learning,  he  left  college  in  1812,  was  admitted  to  the 
Bar  in  1815,  and  commenced  practice  in  the  village  of 
Great  Harrington,  where  he  soon  after  married.  His  cele 
brated  poem  of  Thanatopsis,  was  written  when  between  18 
and  19  years  of  age,  and  appeared  in  the  North  American 
Review  for  1816.  His  longest  poem,  The  Ages,  a  survey 
of  the  experience  of  mankind,  was  delivered  before  the 
Phi  Beta  Kappa  Society  of  Harvard  College  in  1821.  It 
was  pub.  with  some  other  poems  at  Cambridge  in  1821. 
His  well-known  poem  To  a  Water  Fowl,  Inscription  for  an 
entrance  to  a  Wood,  and  a  number  of  other  brilliant  effu 
sions,  were  written  whilst  still  a  resident  of  Great  Bar- 
rington.  Ten  years'  experience  of  legal  life,  though  re 
warded  with  more  than  ordinary  success,  determined  Mr. 
Bryant  to  devote  himself  to  the  more  congenial  pursuits 
of  literature.  He  removed  to  New  York  in  1825,  and  in 
conjunction  with  another  gentleman,  established  The  New 
York  Review  and  Athenaeum  Magazine,  in  which  appeared 
some  of  his  best  poems.  In  1826  he  became  editor  of  the 
New  York  Evening  Post,  with  which  he  has  ever  since  been 
connected.  In  1827  he  was  associated  with  Mr.  Verplanck 
and  Mr.  Sands  in  the  production  of  The  Talisman,  an  An 
nual.  Mr.  Sands  died  in  1832,  and  Mr.  Verplanck  and  Mr. 
Bryant  edited  his  works.  In  1834  he  travelled  for  some  time 
in  Europe,  and  in  1845  and  1849,  repeated  his  visit.  He 
has  embodied  his  observations  on  Europe  and  this  country, 
in  his  Letters  of  a  Traveller  in  Europe  and  America.  A 
collection  of  his  poems  was  pub.  in  1832  in  New  York,  and 
soon  after  in  Boston ;  and  Washington  Irving  receiving  a 
copy  of  it  when  in  England,  caused  it  to  be  pub.  in  Lon 
don,  where  it  was  honoured  by  several  editions^  In  1842 


he  pub.  The  Fountain  and  other  Poems ;  in  1844,  The 
White-Footed  Deer,  and  other  Poems  ;  and  in  1846  a  hand 
some  edition  of  his  complete  Poetical  Works  was  issued  by 
Carey  and  Hart,  Philadelphia.  Mr.  Bryant's  works  are 
now  published  by  Messrs.  D.  Appleton  <fc  Co.  of  New  York, 
who  have  shown  their  usual  good  judgment  and  taste  in  is 
suing  them  in  various  styles  to  suit  all  purchasers.  For  the 
above  facts  we  are  indebted  to  Griswold's  Poets  and  Poetry 
of  America,  to  which  the  reader  is  referred  for  a  fuller  no 
tice  of  this  gifted  author  and  his  poems.  As  editor  for  the 
last  thirty  years  of  the  New  York  Evening  Post,  a  leading 

Democratic  journal,  and  by  his  contributions  to  periodicals     arffcgj^  j^JKi^Sin  by  the  grap^pic'turroflts 
in  the  shape  of  reviews,  tales,  Ac.,  Mr.  Bryant  has  proved  |  meritsf  drawn  fe    the  vivi(i  u  of  the  man  whom  ^ 

himself  as  great  a  master  of  prose  as  he  is  of  poetry.  ^  Whilst  |  country  and  his  age  delight  to  honour? 
our  space  forbids  any  thing  like  an  extended  analysis  otthe  j  «  Bryant's  writings  transport  us  into  the  depths  of  the  solemn 
great  merits  of  Mr.  Bryant's  poetry,  we  shall  not  feel  jus-  I  primeval  forest,  to  the  shores  of  the  lonely  lake— the  banks  of  the 
tified  in  closing  this  article  without  quoting  some  opinions  wild  nameless  stream,  or  the  brow  of  the  rocky  upland,  rising  like 
which  will  justly  carry  with  them  more  weight  than  any  a  promontory  from  amidst  a  wide  ocean  of  foliage ;  while  they  shed 
....  £  *  A  i,-  1,1  *•  „  ~p  around  us  the  glories  of  a  climate  fierce  in  its  extremes,  but  splen- 

criticism  of  our  own.     A  highly  commendatory  notice  of    did  in  all  its  v>lssitudes.»_WASHINGTON  IBVING. 


of  genius.  ...  It  is  indeed  in  the  beautiful  that  the  genius  of 
Bryant  finds  its  prime  delight.  lie  ensouls  all  dead,  insensate 
things,  in  that  deep  and  delicate  sense  of  their  seeming  life,  in. 
which  they  breathe  and  smile  before  the  eyes  '  that  love  all  they 
look  upon,'  and  thus  there  is  animation  and  enjoyment  in  the 
heart  of  the  solitude.  Here  are  some  lines  [Inscription  for  the  En 
trance  to  a  Wood]  breathing  a  woodland  and  (you  will  understand 
us)  a  Wordsworthian  feeling :  while  we  read  them,  as  Burns  says, 
<  our  hearts  rejoice  in  nature's  joy,'  and  in  our  serene  sympathy 
we  love  the  poet.  .  .  .  That  his  writings  'are  imbued  with  the  in 
dependent  spirit  and  the  buoyant  aspirations  incident  to  a  youth 
ful,  a  free,  and  a  rising  country,'  will  not,  says  Mr.  Irving,  be  the 
'  least  of  his  merits.'  In  the  eyes  of  Mr.  Rogers,  to  whom  the  vo 
lume  is  inscribed,  [edited  by  Washington  Irving;  Andrews,  Lon 
don,  1882,  8vo,l  and  in  ours,  it  is  one  of  the  greatest;  for  we  too 
belong  to  a  country  who,  though  not  young— God  bless  her,  auld 
Scotland  I— hath  yet  an  independent  spirit  and  buoyant  aspira 
tions  which  she  is  not  loath  to  breathe  into  the  bosom  of  one  of 
her  aged  children."— CHRISTOPHER  NORTH  :  Black-wood's  Magazine, 
April,  1832,  p.  646. 

"  There  is  running  through  the  whole  of  this  little  collection,  a 
strain  of  pure  and  high  sentiment,  that  expands  and  lifts  up  the 
soul,  and  brings  it  nearer  to  the  source  of  moral  beauty.  This  is 
not  indefinitely  and  obscurely  shadowed  out,  but  it  animates  bright 
images  and  clear  thoughts." — W.  PHILLIPS  :  N.  American  Review, 
xiii.  380;  notice  of  The.  Ages  and  other  Poems,  pub.  at  Cambridge, 
1821,  pp.  44. 

"  Others  before  him  have  sung  the  beauties  of  creation,  and  the 
greatness  of  God;  but  no  one  ever  observed  external  things  more 
closely,  or  transferred  his  impressions  to  paper  in  more  vivid  co 
lours.  A  violet  becomes,  in  his  hands,  a  gem  fit  to  be  placed  in  an 
imperial  diadem;  a  mountain  leads  his  eyes  to  the  canopy  above 
it.  On  the  whole,  we  may  pronounce  the  book  before  us  the  best 
volume  of  American  poetry  that  has  yet  appeared.  The  publication 
of  such  a  volume  is  an  important  event  in  our  literature.  We 
have  been  too  much  in  the  habit  of  looking  abroad  for  examples 
and  models ;  and  our  poets,  generally,  have  had  the  usual  fortune 
of  imitators,— their  copies  have  fallen  short  of  the  originals."— W. 
J.  SWELLING  :  N.American  Review,  xxxiv.  502 ;  notice  of  the  edition 
0/1832,  Bliss,  New  York,  8vo. 

"  His  name  is  classical  in  the  literature  of  the  language.  Wher 
ever  English  poetry  is  read  and  loved,  his  poems  are  known  by 
heart.  Collections  of  poetry,  elegant  extracts,  school-books,  Na 
tional  Readers,  and  the  like,  draw  largely  upon  his  pieces.  Among 
American  poets  his  name  stands,  if  not  the  very  first,  at  least 
among  the  two  or  three  foremost.  Some  of  his  pieces  are  perhaps 
greater  favourites  with  the  reading  public  than  any  others  written 
in  the  United  States." — G.  S.  HILLARD  :  N.  American  Review,  Iv. 
500.  (Notice  of  edition  of  1843,  Wiley  &  Putnam,  New  York  and 
London,  12mo,  pp.  100.) 

Can  we  better  conclude  our  notice  of  the  poetry  of  this 


the  Water-Fowl,  Green  River,  Inscription  for  the  Entrance 
into  a  Wood,  and  Thanatopsis,  will  be  found  in  the  Lon- 


The  only  fault  that  we  have  to  find  with  Mr.  Bryant  is 
that  he  has  written  so  little,  and  has  chosen  to  scatter 


don  (old)  Retrospective  Review-a  periodical  very  chary    hig  brilliance  amidst  a  con8tellation  of  little  poetic  stars> 
of  praise-for  1824.     We  extract  a  few  hues :  _         |  rathef  than  to  concentrate  the  light  of  his  genius  in  some 

immortal  work,  which  should  shine  as  a  planet  in  the  lite 
rary  horizon  to  the  latest  generation. 

Letters  of  a  Traveller  in  Europe  and  America,  N.  York, 


12mo. 
"  Mr.  Bryant's  style  in  these  Letters  is  an  admirable  model  of 


'The  verses  of  Mr.  Bryant  (the  best  of  the  American  Poets) 
come  as  assuredly  from  the  '  well  of  English  undefiled,'  as  the 
finer  compositions  of  Mr.  Wordsworth ;  indeed,  the  resemblance 
between  the  two  living  authors  might  justify  a  much  more  invi 
dious  parallel.  It  is  quite  idle  to  set  up  for  America  the  benefit 

of  a  young  language :  she  does  not  require  it.     She  can  stand  upon ^ ^^ ^ ^  ^ ^ ^ 

her  own  ground  even  now;  and  it  may  be,  that  if  we  pursue  our  j  descriptive Vrose.  "without'any  appearanceTf  Iabour~,7tVnu~ishe.l 
rivalry,  we  may  (in  some  classes  of  literature)  have  in  the  course  ,  ^th  an  exquisite  grace.  The  genial  love  of  nature,  and  the  lurk- 
of  time,  no  such  overwhelming  cause  for  exultation."  ing  tendency  to  humour,  which  it  everywhere  betrays,  prevent 

This  compliment  was  elicited  by  Mr.  Jefferson  s  remark —    its  severe  simplicity  from  running  into  hardness,  and  gives  it 

"  When  we  shall  have  existed  as  a  people  as  long  as  the  Greeks    freshness  and  occasional  glow  in  spite  of  it«  prevailing  propriety 
did  before  they  produced  Homer,  the  Romans  a  Virgil,  the  French    and  reserve." — Harper's  New  Monthly  Magazine. 
a  Racine  and  Voltaire,  the  English  a  Shakspeare  and  Milton;         gee   aiso   Lon>   Month.   Rev.,   cxxvii.   490;    For.    Quar. 
should  this  reproach  be  still  true,  we  will  inquire  from  what  un-    p          _    191.   phrJa     KVam     w{\     W    /Kir  W    P    T  „„*   \ 
friendly  causes  it  has  proceeded,  that  the  other  countries  of  Eu-    Kev;>  x'  .J*^  Chr!f:  ****>          n      '   \>7  *n,     W 

rope  and  quarters  of  the  earth  shall  not  have  inscribed  any  name  j  South-  Llfc-  Mess->  ul-  415  Amer-  Q«ar.  Rev.,  xx.  504;  De 
of  ours  on  the  roll  of  poets."  |  Bow's  Rev.,  ix.  577,  (by  T.  A.  Turner;)  Democrat.  Rev.,  vi. 

Mr.  Jefferson  here  refers  to  the  contemptuous  assertion  J  273,  xvi.  185 ;  U.S.  Lit.  Gaz.,  i.  8;  Phila.  Mus.,  xx.  578, 
of  the  Abbe"  Raynal,  that  America  had  not  produced  a  |  xxi.  404.   A  new  ed.  of  Bryant's  Poetical  Works,  collected 
single  man   of  genius.     The  depreciating   query  of  the  '  and  arranged  by  the  author,  illustrated  with  71  engravings, 
witty  Canon  of  St.  Paul's  will  immediately  occur  to  the  '  Lon.,  1858. 
reader's  mind,  but  is  so  trite  that  we  are  afraid  to  quote  it.  |      Bryars,  John,  Rector  of  Billingford,  Norfolk.     Cha- 

The  Retrospective  Review  still  further  remarks,  "  The  :  rity  Sermon,  Phil.  iv.  17,  1711,  8vo.     Funeral  of  a  Day 
Inscription  for  the  Entrance  into  a  Wood  reminds  us  both  j  Labourer,  St.  John  ii.  26,  1712,  8vo. 

of  Wordsworth  and  Cowper."  We  make  an  extract  from  j  Bryce,  James.  An  Account  of  the  Yellow  Fever, 
along  and  interesting  review  of  Bryant's  poetry  by  one  Edin.,  1796,  8vo.  The  Cow  Pox,  Edin.,  1802,  8vo;  2J 


of  the  highest  authorities  in  the  language,  distinguished 
for  its  contempt  of  mediocrity  : 

"  His  poetry  overflows  with  natural  religion— with  what  Words- 
vforth  calls  the  '  religion  of  the  woods.'  This  reverential  awe  of 
the  Invisible  pervades  the  verses  entitled  Thanatopsis  and  Forest 
Hymn,  imparting  to  them  a  sweet  solemnity  which  must  affect  all 
thinking  hearts." 

After  pointing  out  some  faults  in  Forest  Hymn,  the  re 
viewer  proceeds : 

"  Thanatopsis  is  more  original  both  in  conception  and  execution ; 


edit,  enlarged,  1809,  8vo. 

Bryce,  James,  D.D.  British  India,  Lon.,  1810, 8vo. 
Sketch  of  Native  Education  in  India,  8vo. 

"  A  very  valuable  and  seasonable  publication."— Asiatic  Journal. 

"This  able  volume."— New  Monthly  Magazine. 

"Dr.Bryce's  work  may  be  read  with  advantage  even  in  refer 
ence  to  the  present  state  of  the  question  of  national  education  in 
this  country." — Atlas. 

"This  excellent  volume."—  United  Service  Gaz. 

Bryckiuton,  Stephen.     See  BIRCHIXGTON. 

271 


BRY 


BRY 


Brydall,  or  Bridall,  John,  b.  1635,  in  Somerset 
shire,  was  educated  at  Queen's  College,  Oxford.  He  set 
tled  in  Lincoln's  Inn,  and  became  equally  celebrated  for 
his  loyalty  and  law-books.  Jus  Imaginis  apud  Anglos, 
1671,  8vo.  Speculum  Juris  Anglicam,  or  a  View  of  the 
Laws  of  England  as  they  are  divided  into  Statutes,  Com 
mon  Law,  and  Customs,  1673,  8vo.  Jus  Sigilli,  1673. 
Jus  Criminis,  1675,  8vo.  Camera  Regis,  1696,  8vo.  De- 
cus  et  Tutamen,  1679,  8vo.  Jura  Coronae,  1680,  8vo.  Col 
lection  of  the  Laws  of  England  touching  matters  Crimi 
nal,  1696,  8vo.  Ars  Transferendi,  1679,  8vo. 

"  This  book  contains  some  very  useful  materials  for  the  student's 
legal  reflections." 

Non  Compos  Mentis,  1700,  Svo.  Lex  Spuriorum,  1703, 
8vo.  Declaration  relative  to  the  Temporal  Lords  in  Par 
liament,  1704,  fol. 

Bryden,  William,  D.D.  Sermon,  1778,  8vo. 
Brydges,  Sir  Grey,  Lord  Chandos,  d.  1621,  called, 
"from  his  magnificent  style  of  living,"  King  of  Cotswould, 
is  supposed  to  have  been  the  author  of  Horse  Subsecivae, 
Lon.,  1626,  8vo.  Wood  ascribes  this  work  to  Gilbert, 
Lord  Cavendish.  Malone  is  disposed  to  attribute  it  to 
William  Cavendish.  Thomas  Baker,  Dr.  White  Kennet, 
and  Horace  Walpole,  consider  its  authorship  a  matter  of 
great  doubt,  and  Sir  Samuel  Egerton  Brydges  is  evidently 
disposed  to  adopt  it  on  behalf  of  the  House  of  Chandos. 
See  this  knotty  point  discussed  in  Park's  Walpole's  R.  and 
N.  Authors,  Brydges's  Memoirs  of  King  James's  Peers, 
and  in  Censura  Literaria,  2d  edit.,  vi.  192. 

Brydges,  Sir  Harford  Jones.  Dynasty  of  the 
Kajars,  trans,  from  the  Persian,  1833,  12mo.  Account 
of  the  Transactions  of  his  Majesty's  Mission  to  Persia, 
1807-11,  2  vols.  Svo,  1834. 

"Sir  Harford  succeeded  in  his  great  object,  and  concluded  a 
treaty  with  Persia,  when  the  French  influence  had  already  baffled 
and  driven  away  our  English  agent — Sir  John  Malcom." — MORIER. 
Brydges,  Hon.  and  Rev.  Henry.  Sermons,  1701/09. 
Brydges,  Sir  Samuel  Egerton,  1762-1837,  "a 
man  to  all  the  book  tribe  dear,"  was  a  native  of  Wotton 
Court,  Kent.     He  was  the  second  son  of  Edward  Brydges, 
Esq.,  of  that  place,  by  Jemima,  daughter  and  co-heiress 
of  the  Rev.  William  Egerton,  LL.D.,  Prebendary  of  Can 
terbury.     He  was   educated  at  the  Grammar  School  at 
Maidstone  for  four  years,  for  five  at  the  King's  School, 
Cambridge,  and  in  1780  was  entered  of  Queen's  College, 
Cambridge.     He  was  called  to  the  Bar  in  1787,  but  never 
applied  with  much  zeal  to  its  duties.     In  1812  he  was 
elected  to  Parliament  from  Maidstone,  and  continued  a 
member  until  1818,  when  he  removed  to  the  continent, 
where  he  remained  residing  at  Paris,  Geneva,  in  Italy,  <fec., 
until  his  death  in  1837.     We  now  come  to  notice  a  mat 
ter  respecting  which  Sir  Egerton  (for  so  he  is  commonly 
styled)  permitted  few  of  his  readers  to  remain  long  igno 
rant.     After  the  death  of  the  last  Duke  of  Chandos  in 
1790,  Sir  Egerton  induced  his  brother,  the  Rev.  Edward 
Tymewell  Brydges,  to  prefer  a  claim  to  the  Barony  of  Chan 
dos,  upon  the  ground  of  alleged  descent  from  a  younger 
son  of  the  first  Brydges  who  wore  that  title.     The  House 
of  Peers  pronounced  its  decision  in  1803,  "  that  the  peti 
tioner  had  not  made  out  his  claim  to  the  title  and  dignity 
of  Baron  Chandos."     This  was  a  death-blow  to  the  ambi 
tious  hopes  of  the  aspiring  litterateur,  and  the  effects  of 
his  disappointment  were  permitted  to  mar  many  pages  of 
profound  lore  and  rare  beauty.     It  is  not  thought  by  those 
best  qualified  to  judge,  that  any  injustice  was  done  to  him 
self  or  brother  in  the  premises.     Those  who  are  curious 
on  this  subject  can  refer  to  Mr.  G.  F.  Beltz's  Review  of 
the  Chandos  Peerage  Case,  Lon.,  1834,  Svo,  and  to  Sir 
Egerton's  edit,  of  Collins's  Peerage.      Sir  Egerton,  not 
withstanding  this  adverse  decision,  declared  that  he  could 
assert  his  rights  by  Common  Law ;  and  upon  this  presump 
tion  he  was  wont  to  add  to  his  signature  "  per  legum  Terrse 
B.  C.  of  S."    But  in  1814  he  received  a  more  substantial  ho 
nour  in  the  shape  of  a  baronetcy.     In  his  novel  of  Arthur 
Fitz-Albini  the  reader  will  find  recorded  much  of  the  author's 
sombre  experience.     Like  Lord  Byron,  whom  in  some  re 
spects  he  resembled,  Sir  Egerton  is  continually  presenting 
his  own  woful  visage  in  his  gloomy  galleries.     As  a  writer 
Sir  Egerton  has  conferred  substantial  benefits  on  the  lite 
rature  of  his  country,  especially  in  his  researches  in  early 
English  poetry.     His  publications  were  numerous :     Son 
nets  and  Poems,  Lon.,  1785-95;  4th  edit.,  1808,  Svo.     The 
celebrated  ECHO  AND  SILENCE,  so  highly  commended  by 
Wordsworth,  appeared  in  this  collection.     The  Topogra 
pher,  a  monthly  miscellany,  in  conjunction  with  the  Rev. 
Stebbing  Shaw,  April,  1789,  to  June,  1791,  4  vols.  8vo.    To 
pographical  Miscellanies,  4to,  1792  ;  only  about  200  pages 
printed.     Mary  de  Clifford;   a   Novel,   1792,   1800,  Svo. 
272 


Verses  relative  to  the  Constitution,  and  other  Poems,  1794, 
4to.  Arthur  Fitz-Albini;  a  Novel,  1798-99,  2  vols.  Svo. 
Reflections  on  the  Augmentations  of  the  British  Peerage, 
&c.,  anon.,  1798,  Svo.  Tests  of  the  National  Wealth  and 
Finances,  1798,  Svo.  A  new  edit,  of  Theatrum  Poetarum 
Anglicanorum  by  Phillips,  (the  nephew  of  John  Milton,) 
1SOO,  Svo.  Le  Forester ;  a  Novel,  1802,  3  vols.  Svo.  Me 
moirs  of  Peers  in  the  reign  of  James  I.,  1802,  Svo.  Cen 
sura  Literaria,  containing  Titles,  Abstracts,  and  Opinions 
of  OLD  ENGLISH  BOOKS,  1805-09,  10  vols.  Svo :  a  2d  edit, 
of  only  100  copies  was  pub.  in  1815,  with  a  general  index, 
and  a  chronological  arrangement  of  the  titles.  Copies  of 
this  2d  edit,  have  become  so  rare  (1854)  that  a  standing 
and  oft-repeated  order  of  the  writer's  remained  for  two 
years  in  London  before  it  could  be  supplied.  We  know 
of  but  one  other  copy  in  the  city  of  Philadelphia,  in  the 
library  of  Professor  C.  D.  Cleveland,  the  intelligent  author 
of  English  Literature,  and  English  Literature  of  the  19th 
Century.  A  reprint  in  say  four  royal  octavo  vols.,  at  about 
a  guinea  per  volume,  we  predict  would  have  a  good  sale. 
We  also  venture  to  suggest  the  reprinting  of  The  British 
Bibliographer,  and  Restituta.  Thereby  an  important  bene 
fit  would  be  conferred  on  the  present  generation.  To  these 
three  valuable  works  Mr.  Joseph  Haslewood  was  a  large 
contributor.  British  Bibliographer,  1810-14,  4  vols.  Svo. 
Restituta;  or  Titles,  Extracts,  and  Characters  of  OLD 
BOOKS  in  English  Literature  Revived,  1814-16,  Svo.  A  new 
edit,  of  Collins's  Peerage  of  England,  1806-12,  9  vols.  Svo. 
;  The  sensitive  and  gifted  accuser,  with  inexhaustible  powers  to 
charm  and  to  instruct,  has  even  stooped  to  the  drudgery  of  editing 
a  Peerage  of  nine  volumes,  in  order  that  a  few  of  its  pages  might 
transmit  to  posterity  a  record  of  his  wrongs." 

'  The  Ruminator,  a  series  of  Moral,  Critical,  and  Senti 
mental  Essays,  1813,  2  vols.  Svo.  The  Sylvan  Wanderer, 
1S13,  Svo;  2dpart,  1815.  Letters  on  the  Poor  Laws,  1813, 
Svo.  Occasional  Poems,  1814,  8vo.  Bertram,  a  Poem, 
1815,  Svo.  Excerpta  Tudoriana,  or  Extracts  from  Eliza 
bethan  Literature,  1814-18,  2  vols.  Svo.  Reasons,  <fcc., 
relative  to  the  Copy  Right  Act  of  Queen  Anne,  1817.  Po 
pulation  and  Riches,  1819.  Coningsby,  1819.  Atavias 
Regia,  1820,  4to.  Res  Literariae,  1820-21,  3  vols.  Svo. 
The  Hall  of  Hellingsey,  1821,  3  vols.  Svo.  Libellus  Ge- 
bensis,  1822.  Letters  from  the  Continent,  1821,  8vo. 
What  are  Riches?  1821,  Svo.  Polyanthea  Librorum  Ve- 
tustiorum,  1822,  Svo.  Letters  on  Lord  Byron,  1824,  Svo. 
Gnomica;  detached  Thoughts,  1824,  Svo.  Odo,  Count  of 
Lingen,  a  Poem,  1824.  Theatrum  Poetarum,  1S24,  Svo. 
Cimelia,  &c.,  1823.  Recollections  of  Foreign  Travel,  1825, 
2  vols.  Svo.  Stemmata  Illustria,  1825,  fol.  Lex  Terrse, 
1831,  8vo.  The  Anglo-Genevan  Critical  Journal  for  1831, 
2  vols.  Svo.  Expositions  on  the  Parliamentary  Reform 
Bill,  1831,  Svo.  Lake  of  Geneva,  1831,  2  vols.  Svo.  Ven- 
dica,  1832,  fol.  Imaginary  Biography,  1834,  3  vols.  De- 
sultoria,  1842,  12mo.  The  Anti-Critic,  1822,  Svo.  A  Note 
on  the  Suppression  of  Memoirs  announced  by  the  Author 
in  June,  1825.  Paris,  1825,  12mo.  The  Autobiography, 
Times,  Opinions,  and  Contemporaries  of  Sir  Egerton 
Brydges,  1834,  2  vols.  Svo.  Many  of  these  works,  and 
some  pot  named,  were  pub.  abroad,  at  Geneva,  Florence, 
Ac.  We  do  not  enumerate  all  the  works  printed  by  Sir 
Egerton  at  his  private  press  at  the  mansion  of  his  son. 
Lee  Priory,  near  Canterbury.  A  list  will  be  found  in 
Martin's  Catalogue  of  Privately  Printed  Books,  pp.  379- 
404 ;  and  see  H.  G.  Bohn's  Guinea  Cat.,  1841. 

"  The  number  of  copies  printed  there  has  in  no  case  exceeded  one 
hundred ;  and  I  have  reason  to  believe  that  the  complete  sets  fall 
short  of  thirty."— Sir  Egerton  Brydges  to  Dr.  T.  F.  Dibdin. 

See  memoir  in  Lon.  Gent.  Mag.  Not  satisfied  with  this 
hydra-headed  catalogue  of  his  works,  to  which  others 
might  be  added,  our  prolific  author,  who  could  write  2000 
sonnets  in  one  year,  edited  a  number  of  works,  and  con 
tributed  to  the  Gent.  Mag.  and  other  periodicals  of  the 
day.  Of  the  merits  of  his  edition  of  Milton's  poetical 
works,  we  have  a  weighty  certificate  from  a  learned  stu 
dent  of  Milton,  the  last  editor  of  his  poetical  works : 

"We  are  most  deeply  indebted  to  him  for  his  labours  of  love 
upon  our  great  Epic;  for  no  critic,  not  excepting  Addison  hinis.  it, 
has  had  a  more  just  appreciation  of  the  genius  of  Milton,  or  has 
criticised  him  with  truer  taste  or  sounder  judgment.  .  .  .  ™"« 
consider,  on  the  whole,  the  best  edition  of  Milton."— Clfreland  i 
English  Literature  of  19th  Century,  Phila.,  1853. 

We  append  extracts  from  the  reviews  by  the  London 
and  Edinburgh  Quarterlies  of  his  Autobiography.  It  will 
be  observed  that  the  difference  of  opinion  is  very  con 
siderable  : 

"Those  who  like  lively  and  spirited  sketches  of  men  and  mat 
ners,  diversified  with  short  critical  digressions,  sometimes  wise, 
always  clever,  will  find  a  large  fund  of  entertainment  in  these  vc 
lumes.  \Ve  have  perhaps  bestowed  more  space  on  them  than  some 
readers  may  think  they  deserved ;  but  the  truth  is,  that  Sir  Egerton 


BRY 


as  any  author  of  our  times."— Lon.  Quarterly  Review,  li.  363. 

"  The  author  before  us  is  as  intimately  persuaded  of  the  reality 
of  his  powers,  of  the  solidity  of  his  reputation,  as  if  the  loud  huz 
zas  of  the  literary  world  were  borne  to  his  retreat.  The  amabihs 
insania  (the  delusion  is  too  proud,  too  strong  for  ordinary  vanity) 
cheats,  soothes,  flatters,  to  the  verge  of  the  abyss.  All  that  criti 
cism  could  prove,  all  that  neglect— severest  of  all  critics— could 
teach,  fall  vain  and  unheeded  on  the  sons  of  a  nature  of  this 
mould.  Nursed  in  the  tastes  and  habits  of  genius,  it  mistakes 
the  tastes  for  the  capacities ;  in  the1  habits  (making  now  no  mis 
take)  it  feels  its  reward ;  and  if  the  individual  author  were  the 
sole  concern  of  the  critic,  here  we  might  stop  at  once,  leaving  him 
in  unlimited  possession  of  a  delusion  it  would  be  idle  and  cruel 
to  destroy."— Edin.  Review,  lix.  439. 

"  In  this  singular  work  [Autobiography]  there  are  lofty  concep 
tions  enough  to  form  a  poet,  and  moral  wisdom  enough  to  make  a 
sage.  It  is  a  book  that  to  be  estimated  must  be  read  with  an  ho 
nest  and  true  heart;  much  must  be  forgiven,  and  much  over 
looked  :  but  after  all  that  is  offensive  and  all  that  is  eccentric  is 
removed  from  the  surface,  there  will  remain  a  knowledge,  a  power, 
a  feeling,  and  a  perseverance,  that  must  inspire  respect  and  admi 
ration.  We  hesitate  not  to  say  that  in  these  volumes  are  some  of 
the  most  beautiful  passages  that  are  to  be  found  in  English  prose." 
— Lon.  Gent.  Mag.,  March,  1835. 

Brydone,  Patrick,  b.  about  1743,  d.  1818,  a  native 
of  Berwickshire.  Travels  through  Sicily  and  Malta,  Lon., 
1774,  2  vols.  8vo;  dedicated  to  Mr.  Beckford:  trans,  into 
several  foreign  languages. 

"Liveliness  of  description  of  scenery  and  manners,  couched  in 
an  easy  and  elegant  style,  has  rendered  these  volumes  extremely 
popular,  notwithstanding  they  do  not  display  much  learning  or 
knowledge,  and  are  even  sometimes  superficial  and  inaccurate." — 
—STEVENSON. 

Mr.  Brydone  makes  a  sad  exposure  of  ignorance  in  his 
remarks  on  the  Carronico  Recupero : 

i(  These  observations,in  the  present  more  advanced  state  of  geo 
logy,  are  scarcely  deserving  of  notice." 

Mr.  Brydone  pub.  some  papers  in  Phil.  Trans.,  1757,  '87. 

Brydson,  Thomas.  A  Summary  View  of  Heraldry, 
Edin.,  1785,  8vo. 

"  It  is  a  pleasing  circumstance  to  find  elegance  and  liberal  in 
formation  thus  happily  connected  with  a  science  usually  perplexed, 
as  Heraldry  is,  by  technical  terms  and  grotesque  figures.  The 
historian  and  the  poet,  nay  the  lawyer  and  the  politician,  will 
peruse  it  with  pleasure." — British  Critic. 

"Deserving  of  being  called  the  Philosophy  of  Heraldry."— 
LOWNDES. 

"  An  elegant  and  entertaining  work." — MOULE. 

Observations  respecting  Precedency,  Lon.,  1812,  4to. 

Bryer,  James.  Inoculation  of  Cow-Pox,  Lon.,  1802, 
8vo.  Probably  by  James  Bryce. 

Brymer,  Thomas  Parr.     Sermon,  Lon.,  1840,  8vo. 

Brymner,  Alex.     Con.  to  Med.  Comm.,  1775. 

Bryn,  M.  Lafayette,  M.D.,  of  New  York.  Remi 
niscences  of  History.  Daring  Deeds  of  Women.  Random 
Shots.  The  Repository  of  Wit  and  Humour. 

"  There  are  hours  when  men  need  relaxation  from  the  sterner 
labours  of  life,  both  bodily  and  mental.  In  these  seasons,  such  a 
volume  as  the  above  is  a  desirable  companion,  and  affords  that  re 
lief  which  the  mind  needs." 

Bryskett,  Lodowick.  Discourse  of  Civill  Life,  Ac., 
Lon.,  1606,  4to. 

"  Spenser,  the  friend  of  the  author,  is  introduced  as  one  of  the 
colloquists  in  this  Discourse,  which  Malone  supposes  to  have  been 
composed  between  1584  and  1589." 

Mourning  Muse  of  Thestylis.  Quoted  by  Todd  in  his 
edit,  of  Milton.  The  Mourning  Muses  of  Lod.  Bryskett 
upon  the  deathe  of  the  moste  noble  Sir  Philip  Sidney, 
Knight,  Aug.  22,  1587.  This  poem  will  be  found  in  Spen 
ser's  works. 

"  To  Bryskett,  Spenser  addresses  the  23d  sonnet  in  his  Amoretti. 
and  to  the  same  literary  friend  we  probably  owe  much  that  has 
descended  to  us  of  the  incomparable  Faery  Queen." — Ritson's 
Bibliog.  Poe.tica. 

We  extract  a  portion  of  the  Sonnet  to  which  Ritson  refers : 
"  Great  wrong  I  doe,  I  can  it  not  deny, 
To  that  most  sacred  Empresse.  my  dear  dred, 
Not  finishing  her  Queene  of  Faery, 
That  mote  enlarge  her  living  prayses,  dead : 
But  Lodwick,  this  of  grace  to  me  aread ; 
Do  ye  not  thinck  th'  accomplishment  of  it, 
Sufficient  worke  for  one  man's  simple  head, 
All  were  it,  as  the  rest,  but  rudely  writ?" 

Bryson,  James.    13  Sermons,  Belf.,  1778,  8vo. 

Wry  son,  T.     Lectures  on  Rom.  viii.,  1795,  12mo. 

"  Spiritual  and  evangelical." — BICKERSTETH. 

Bryton,  Anne.  Richmond ;  a  Pastoral,  Lon.,1780, 4to. 

Buc,  or  Buck,  Sir  George,  d.  1623,  a  native  of 
Lincolnshire,  is  commended  by  Camden  as  a  person  of  ex 
cellent  learning,  who  had  "remarked  many  things  in  his 
histories,  and  courteously  communicated  his  observations 
to  him."  The  Third  Universitie  of  England,  Lon.,  1615, 
fol. ;  and  afterwards  appended  to  Stowe's  Chronicles  by 
Howes.  This  work  contains  a  history  of  the  colleges  and 
schools  of  London.  The  Life  and  Reign  of  Richard  III., 
Lon.,  1646,  '47 ;  printed  in  Rennet's  Hist,  of  England. 
Malone  denies  this  to  be  our  author's,  but  Ritson  insists 
18 


BUC 

upon  the  contrary.  The  same  view  is  taken  of  the  cha 
racter  of  Richard  III.  as  that  advocated  by  Horace  Wai- 
pole  in  his  Historic  Doubts.  An  Eclog  treating  of 
Crownes  and  of  Garlands,  Lon.,  1605,  4to.  The  Great 
Plantagenet,  Lon.,  1635,  4to. 

"This  appears  to  be  a  reprint  of  the  former,  with  very  consider 
able  alterations,  by  some  fellow  who  assumed  his  name."— RITSON. 

Buccleugh,  Duke  of.  Con.  to  Edin.  Phil.  Trans., 
1788;  a  Register  of  the  Weather  for  10  years. 

Buch,  C.  W.  Trans,  of  K.  R.  Hagenbach's  Compen 
dium  of  the  History  of  Doctrines,  2  vols.  8vo;  being  vols. 
iii.  and  vi.  of  Clarke's  Foreign  Theol.  Library. 

"  Distinguished  for  its  brevity,  its  clear  statements  of  the  lead 
ing  points,  its  great  candour,  its  ample  references  to  the  body  of 
contemporaneous  literature." — Bibliotheca  Sacra. 

Buchan,  Alexander  Peter,  d.  1824,  was  a  son  of 
the  author  of  Domestic  Medicine,  which  work  he  prepared 
for  its  21st  edition  ;  pub.  Lon.,  1813,  8vo.  The  29th  Amer. 
edit,  was  pub.  in  1854.  He  also  edited  Armstrong  on  the 
Diseases  of  Children,  Lon.,  1808,  8vo,  and  pub.  some 
works  on  Sea  Bathing,  the  Warm  Bath,  <fec.,  1797-1818. 

Buchan,  Christiana.  History  of  the  Christian 
Church  to  the  19th  Century,  Lon.,  8vo. 

"  The  aim  of  the  author  has  been  rather  to  state  facts,  than  ex 
press  opinions." 

Buchan,  David  Stewart  Erskine,  Lord  Card- 
ross,  and  Earl  of,  1742-1829,  an  eccentric  nobleman 
of  literary  tastes,  may  perhaps  be  justly  considered  the 
founder  of  the  Society  of  Antiquaries,  Scotland.  His 
lordship  contributed  to  the  Trans,  of  this  society,  to 
Grose's  Antiquities  of  Scotland,  the  Gentleman's  Maga 
zine,  <fec.  In  conjunction  with  Walter  Minto,  he  pub., 
Edin.,  1787,  4to,  An  Account  of  the  Life,  Writings,  and 
Inventions  of  Napier  of  Merchiston.  An  Essay  on  the 
Lives  and  Writings  of  Fletcher  of  Saltoun  and  the  poet 
Thomson,  with  some  pieces  of  Thomson  never  before  pub 
lished,  Lon.,  1792,  8vo.  He  instituted  an  annual  comme 
moration  of  Thomson.  Other  works. 

Sir  Walter  Scott  seems  to  have  had  a  singular  source  of 
consolation  when  attending  his  lordship's  funeral :  he  re 
marks  : 

"  At  least  I  have  not  the  mortification  of  thinking  what  a  deal 
of  patronage  and  fuss  Lord  Buchau  would  bestow  on  my  funeral." 

This  reflection  will  be  better  understood  by  reference  to 
Lockhart's  Life  of  Scott. 

Buchan,  Peter.  Account  of  the  Family  of  Keith, 
&c.,  Peterhead,  1820,  12mo.  Gleanings  of  Scotch,  Eng 
lish,  and  Irish,  scarce  old  Ballads,  Peterhead,  1825, 18mo. 

"  A  curious  and  valuable  collection  of  songs,  containing  much 
information  relative  to  their  localities  and  authors." — LOWNDES. 

Witchcraft  Detected  and  Prevented,  or  the  School  of 
Black  Art  newly  opened,  Peterhead,  1826,  18mo.  Scrip 
tural  and  Philosophical  Arguments ;  or  Cogent  Proofs 
from  reason  and  revelation  that  Brutes  have  souls,  Peter- 
head,  1824,  12mo.  Ancient  Ballads  and  Songs  of  the 
North  of  Scotland,  1828,  2  vols.  8vo. 

Buchan,  William,  M.D.,  1729-1805,  was  a  native 
of  Ancrum,  Scotland.  Domestic  Medicine,  Lon.,  1769, 
8vo.  This  work  was  received  with  such  favour  that  it  at 
tained  its  19th  edit.  (80,000  copies)  in  the  lifetime  of  the 
author.  The  21st  edit,  was  pub.  by  A.  P.  Buchan,  M.D., 
in  1813,  8vo,  (later  edits.,)  and  the  29th  Amer.  edit,  in 
1854.  It  has  been  translated  into  many  European  lan 
guages.  The  Empress  of  Russia  honoured  the  author 
with  an  autograph  letter  and  a  gold  medal.  Advice  to 
Mothers,  Lon.,  1803,  8vo.  Other  profess,  works. 

Buchanan,  Allan,  d.  1749.  Sermons  on  interesting 
subjects,  Edin.,  1791,  8vo. 

Buchanan,  Andrew.     Rural  Poetry,  1817,  12mo. 

Buchanan,.  Charles.     Sermons,  1710,  12mo. 

Buchanan,  Claudius,  D.D.,  1766-1815,  a  native  of 
Cambuslang,  near  Glasgow,  Scotland,  educated  at  Queen's 
College,  Cambridge,  was  distinguished  for  his  laborious 
efforts  to  introduce  Christianity  into  India  and  other  Bri 
tish  possessions.  Eight  Sermons,  Edin.,  1812,  8vo :  of 
these  the  most  celebrated  is  The  Star  in  the  East,  of  which 
a  7th  edit.,  with  three  Jubilee  Sermons,  was  pub.  in  1810. 

"  Interesting  sermons : — strongly  marked  by  the  various  know 
ledge,  the  spirit  of  fervent  yet  rational  piety,  and  of  warm  yet  en- 
lightened  benevolence,  which  distinguish  the  writings  of  Dr. 
Buchanan."— Lon.  Christian  Observer. 

Ecclesiastical  Establishment  for  British  India.  Lon., 
1805,  4to.  Christian  Researches  in  Asia,  Lon.,  1811,  8vo  : 
5th  edit.,  1812. 

"  A  book  that  greatly  tended  to  excite  the  present  missionary 
spirit."— BICKERSTETH. 

Remarks  on  the  Christian  Researches,  by  Major  John 
Scott  Warring,  Lon.,  1812,  8vo.  An  Apology  for  promot 
ing  Christianity  in  India,  Lon.,  1813,  8vo.  Other  publi 
cations.  Memoirs  of  the  Life  and  Writings  of  Dr.  Clau- 


BUG 

dins  Buchanan,  by  Dr.  Hugh  Pearson,  Lon.,  1819,  2  vols. 
8vo ;  5th  edit.,  1  vol.  12mo,  1846. 

"  Dr.  Buchanan  was  an  eminent  instrument  raised  up  of  God 
and  honoured  by  him,  to  do  much  for  the  kingdom  of  our  Lord 
Jesus  Christ  in  India,  and  to  give  a  great  impulse  to  the  mission 
ary  spirit  that  had  been  kindled  in  our  own  country.  The  Memoir 
of  his  life  is  full  both  of  valuable  information  and  of  profitable 
Christian  thoughts."— BICKERSTETH. 

Buchanan,  David,  a  Scotchman.  Humanae  Animae, 
Paris,  1636,  8vo.  Histoire  de  la  Conscience,  1638, 12mo. 


wherein  the  Scots  are  particularly  concerned,  from  the 
very  first  Beginning  of  these  unhappy  Troubles  to  this 
day,  Lon.,  1645,  12mo. 

Buchanan,  David.  To  this  gentleman  we  are  in 
debted  for  the  article  "  Aberdeen"  in  the  7th  edit.  Encyc. 

"  We  looked  over  the  article  on  Aberdeen,  and  so  correctly  and 
recently  has  it  been  written,  that  notice  is  taken  of  the  improve 
ments  in  our  harbour,  which  were  begun  the  other  day."— Aber 
deen  Journal. 

Buchanan,  Francis.  Journey  from  Madras  through 
the  Countries  of  Mysore,  Canara,  and  Malabar,  Lon.,  1807, 
3  vols.  4to. 

"  Buchanan's  Tour  in  the  Mysore  contains  more  valuable  matter 
than  almost  any  other  book  of  Travels.  He  was  sent  into  the 
countries  he  surveyed  by  order  of  Government,  and,  of  course,  en 
joyed  singular  advantages."— Renouard"1  s  communication  to  tJie 
editors  of  the  Mines  de  P  Orient. 

"  Much  information,  not  well  arranged  or  agreeably  communi 
cated,  on  the  most  valuable  productions  of  these  districts,  on  their 
climate,  manufactures,  and  the  manners,  religion,  &c.  of  their  in 
habitants." — STEVENSON. 

Account  of  the  Kingdom  of  Nepaul,  <fec.  Ac.,  by  Francis 
Hamilton,  (formerly  Buchanan,)  1819,  4to. 

"  The  same  character  applies  to  this  as  the  Tour  in  the  Mysore 
by  the  same  author."— STEVENSON. 

An  Account  of  the  Fishes  in  the  Ganges,  <fec.,  Edin., 
1822,  4to.  Con.  to  Trans.  Linn.  Society,  1798,  1800. 

Buchanan,  George,  1506-1581,  an  eminent  histo 
rian  and  Latin  poet,  was  a  native  of  Killairn,  county  of 
Stirling,  Scotland.  He  was  sent  by  his  uncle,  James 
Heriot,  to  the  University  of  Paris,  where  he  applied  him 
self  to  his  studies  with  great  diligence.  After  residing  at 
this  seat  of  learning  for  two  years,  the  death  of  his  uncle 
reduced  him  to  such  poverty,  that  he  was  obliged  to  leave 
the  University,  and  enlist  as  a  common  soldier  in  the  army 
of  the  Duke  of  Albany,  then  commanding  the  French 
forces  in  Scotland,  and  regent  of  the  kingdom.  After  a 
few  months'  experience  of  military  life,  he  attended  the 
lectures  of  the  celebrated  John  Major,  and  matriculated 
at  the  University  of  St.  Andrew's.  Major  took  his  pupil 
with  him  to  France,  and  in  1526  procured  for  him  a  regency 
in  the  College  of  St.  Barbe,  where  he  took  B.A.  in  1527, 
and  M.A.  in  1528,  and  gave  instructions  in  grammar ;  at 
the  same  time  acting  as  tutor  to  the  young  Earl  of  Cassils, 
with  whom  he  returned  to  Scotland.  On  the  death  of  his 
pupil,  James  V.  appointed  Buchanan  preceptor  to  his 
natural  son,  James,  afterwards  the  Abbot  of  Kelso,  who 
died  in  1548.  Buchanan  became  an  object  of  dislike  to 
the  Franciscans  by  two  satires — Somnium  and  Francis 
canus — directed  against  the  licentious  lives  of  some  mem- 


BUC 

General  Assembly  of  the  Church  of  Scotland,  which  gave 
great  dissatisfaction  to  many — it  being  alleged  that,  not 
withstanding  his  abilities  and  learning,  being  a  layman, 
he  was  unfitted  for  the  post.     He  accompanied  the  Earl 
of  Moray  to  England,  and  whilst  there  addressed  some 
highly  complimentary  verses  to   Queen  Elizabeth.     The 
queen  had  no  dislike  to  praise,  especially    from    the    pen 
of  the  learned,  and  she  settled  upon  him  a  pension  of  £100. 
He  had  previously  been  appointed,  in  an  assembly  of  the 
Scottish  nobility,  tutor  to  King  James  VI.,  and  he  proved 
^:"  independence  by  conferring  upon  his  youthful  majesty 
application  of  the  birch,  the  fame  whereof  has  come 
own  to  our  day.     He  remarked  of  the  Scottish  Solomon, 
mt  he  "  made  him  a  pedant  because  he  could  make  no- 
of  him."    He  met  with  a  severe  loss  in  the  death 
f  his  patron,  Moray,  who  was  assassinated  in  1570.     In 
le  next  year  Buchanan  was  appointed  one  of  the  Lords 
f  the  Council  and  Lord  Privy  Seal,  which  entitled  him  to 
seat  in  Parliament.     For  the  last  years  of  his  life  he 
as  much  afflicted  with,  and  confined  to  his  house  by,  the 
out,  and  employed  his  leisure  in  the  preparation  of  his 
listory  of  Scotland,  which  occupied  him  at  intervals  for 
2   or  13  years.     It  was  pub.  in  1582,  Edin.,  fol.     The 
lainness  of  some  of  his  strictures  gave  great  offence  to 
he  king,  and  the  author  was  summoned  to  attend  the 
Council,  but  died  before  the  appointed  "day  of  compear- 
nce."     The  aged  historian,  who  had  led  so  troubled  a  life 
rom  the  malice  of  his  persecutors,  felt  little  apprehension 
t  this  last  display  of  hostility.     When  told  that  the  king 
was  highly  incensed  at  his  De  Jure  Regni,  and  his  Rerum 
5coti  Historia,  he  replied  that  he 

':  "\Vas  not  much  concerned  about  that;  for  he  was  shortly  going 
o  a  place  where  there  were  few  kings." 

He  ordered  his  servant  to  give  all  his  money  to  the  poor, 
and  said  that  if  those  who  survived  him 

"  Did  not  think  proper  to  bury  him  at  their  own  expense,  they 
ight  let  him  lie  where  he  was,  or  throw  his  corpse  where  they 
>leased." 

He  was  accordingly  buried  at  the  expense  of  the  city 
>f  Edinburgh.  After  a  life  of  more  than  ordinary  hard- 
hip,  thus  was  gathered  to  his  fathers  —  and  we  trust  to 
hat  peaceful  haven  "where  the  wicked  cease  from  trou- 
>ling,  and  the  weary  are  at  rest" — one  of  the  most  famous 
icholars  whom  the  world  has  ever  seen. 

Rudimenta  Grammatices  Thomae  Linacri,  &c.,  1550. 
This  trans,  was  made  whilst  Buchanan  was  tutor  to  the 
3arl  of  Cassils.  Franciscanus,  et  alia  Poemata,  Bas.,  1564, 
8vo;  1594,  8vo;  Lugd.  Bat.,  1628,  24mo;  Amst.,  24mo, 
and  1687,  12mo.  Poemata  et  Tragediae,  1609,  8vo.  Ane 
Admonition  direct  to  the  treu  Lordis  maintenaris  of  the 
King's  Grace's  authoritie,  Stirling,  1571 ;  Lon.,  by  John 
Day,  1571,  8vo;  2d  edit.  1571,  8vo.  De  Maria  Scotorum 
Regina,  totaque  eius  contra  Regem  Conjuratione,  foedo 
cum  Bothuelo  Adulterio,  &c. ;  the  same  in  the  old  Scotch 
dialect  under  the  title,  Ane  Detection  of  the  duinges  of 
Marie  Queue  of  Scottes,  touchand  the  murder  of  hir  hus 
band  and  hir  conspiracie,  adulterie,  and  pretended  mar 
riage  with  the  Erie  Bothwell,  <fcc. ;  anon,  and  sine  anno; 
circa  1572,  supposed  to  have  been  printed  by  John  Day, 
London.  If  Buchanan  is  to  be  believed,  there  can  be  but 


bers  of  this  order.    Franciscanus  was  written  by  command 
of  King  James,  who  suspected  several  of  the  Franciscans 
of  disaffection.     Buchanan  was  arrested  on  the  charge  of 
heresy  by  Archbishop  James  Beaton,  and  confined  in  St. 
Andrew's  Castle,  from  whence  he  escaped   to  England 
Not  meeting  with  encouragement  from  Henry  VIII.,  he 
next  visited  Paris,  where  he  found  his  old  enemy,  Cardina 
Beaton.     He  now  accepted  a  professorship  in  the  College 
of  Guienne,  at  Bordeaux,  where  he  resided  for  three  years 
when  he  removed  to  Paris,  and  from  1544  to  1547  was  a 
regent  in  the  College  of  Cardinal  le  Moine.     In  the  latte 
year  he  accompanied  his  friend  Andrew  Govea  (late  prin 
cipal  of  the  College  of  Guienne)  to  Portugal.    He  remainec 
here  unmolested  until  the  death  of  Govea,  when  upon  the 
charge  of  heresy  he  was  confined  in  the  prison  of  the  In 
quisition  for  a  year  and  a  half,  from  whence  he  was  trans 
ferred  to  a  monastery,  to  be  educated  in  the  faith  of  th< 
Church  of  Rome.     He  says  that  here  he  found  the  monk 
moral  in  their  deportment,  but  altogether  ignorant  of  reli 
gion.     Whilst  secluded  in  this  monastery,  he  composed  hi 
celebrated  translation  of  the  Psalms   into   Latin  verse 
After  regaining  his  freedom  he  visited  England,  Paris,  an 
Scotland,  and  was  appointed  by  the  Earl  of  Moray,  Prin 
cipal  of  St.  Leonard's  College  in  the  University  of  St.  An 
drew's.     He  embraced  the  cause  of  the  Regent  Moray,  am 
wrote  a  Detection,  <fcc.,  charging  Queen  Mary  with  adulter, 
and  murder.    In  1567  he  was  appointed  Moderator  of  th" 
274 


little  doubt  of  the  guilt  of  the  fair  Queen  of  Scots ;  but 
upon  this  point  we  express  no  opinion.  Baptistes,  seu 
Tragedia  de  Calumnia,  Francf.,  1579,  Svo,  and  1578,  Lon- 
dini.  Tragedise  Sacrse  Jephthes  et  Baptistes,  Paris,  1554, 
4to;  Genev.,  1593,  8vo;  Amst.,  1650,  8vo.  The  trans,  of 
Baptistes,  entitled  Tyrannical  Government  anatomized, 
Ac.,  1642,  4to,  is  attributed  by  Peck  (see  his  Life  of  Milton, 
Lon.,  1740,  4to)  to  the  illustrious  author  of  Paradise  Lost: 
see  Lowndes's  Bibl.  Manual,  i.  282.  Euripides  Alcestes, 
&c.,  pub.  1816,  8vo.  Dialogus  de  Jure  Regni  apud  Scotus, 
Edin.,  1579,  4to:  in  English,  1691,  12mo ;  Glasg.,  1750. 
This  work  greatly  offended  King  James  VI. ;  its  political 
sentiments  are  very  liberal,  and  tend  to  republicanism.  It 
was  answered  by  Adam  Blackwood,  Poict.,  1580, '81,  8vo, 
(vide  BLACKWOOD,  ADAM.)  Rerum  Scoti  Historia,  apud 
Alex.  Arbuthnetum,  Edin.,  1582,  fol. ;  in  English,  Lon., 
1690,  fol. 

"  In  good  modern  English."— BISHOP  NICOLSON. 

Trans,  by  William  Bond,  Lon.,  1722,  2  vols.  8vo.  I 
14th,  15th,  16th,  17th,  18th,  and  19th  books  of  this  history 
were  pub.  in  English,  Lon.,  1705,  8vo,  under  the  title  of 
An  Impartial  Account  of  the  Affairs  of  Scotland,  <fcc.  Pa- 
raphrasis  Psalmorum  Davidis  Poetica,  Ac.,  Antw.,  1567, 
8vo  j  Lon.,  1582,  16mo.  De  Prosodia  Libellus,  Edin.,  1600, 
8vo.  For  other  publications  of  Buchanan's  pieces,  after 
his  death,  see  Watt's  Bibl.  Brit,  Lowndes's  Bibl.  Manual, 
Dr.  Irving's  Memoirs  of  his  Life  and  Writings,  &c.  A 
collective  edition  of  his  works  was  pub.  by  Thomas  Rud- 


BUG 

diman,  Edin.,  1715,  2  vols.  fol.,  and  another  by  Bur- 
man,  Lugd.  Bat.,  1725,  2  vols.  4to.  As  a  Latin  poet  it 
would  be  difficult  to  praise  Buchanan  extravagantly.  He 
did  more  than  imitate  the  classics :  though  "  born  out  of 
due  time,"  his  family  likeness  was  so  strong,  that  a  re- 
inspection  of  his  title-page  could  hardly  convince  you  that 
you  were  reading  the  production  of  a  Scotchman  of  the 
16th  century.  We  quote  some  testimonies  to  his  excellence 
as  a  poet  and  an  historian  : 

"  Buchanan  has  excelled  all  his  brethren  in  the  splendour  as 
well  as  in  the  variety  of  his  triumphs ;  he  has  rivalled  the  first  fa- 
vourites  of  the  Roman  Muse." 

"  Buchanan  not  only  excelled  all  that  went  before  him  in  his 
own  country,  but  scarce  had  his  equal  in  that  learned  age  in  which 
he  lived.  He  spent  the  first  flame  and  rage  of  his  fancy  in  poetry, 
in  which  he  did  imitate  Virgil  in  heroics,  Ovid  in  elegiacs,  Lucre 
tius  in  philosophy,  Seneca  in  tragedies,  Martial  in  epigrams,  Homer 
and  Juvenal  in  satires.  He  copied  after  those  great  masters  so 
perfectly,  that  nothing  ever  approached  nearer  the  original :  and  his 
immortal  Paraphrase  on  the  Psalms  doth  shew  that  neither  the 
constraint  of  a  limited  matter,  the  darkness  of  expression,  nor  the 
frequent  return  of  the  same  or  the  like  phrases,  could  confine  or 
exhaust  that  vast  genius.  At  last,  in  his  old  age,  when  his 
thoughts  were  purified  by  long  reflection  and  business,  and  a  true 
judgment  came  in  the  room  of  one  of  the  richest  fancies  that  ever 
was.  he  wrote  our  History  with  such  beauty  of  style,  easiness  of 
expression,  and  exactness  in  all  its  parts,  that  no  service  or  honour 
could  have  been  done  the  nation  like  it,  had  he  ended  so  noble  a 
work  as  he  begun,  and  carried  it  on  till  James  the  Fifth's  death. 
But,  being  unhappily  engaged  in  a  faction,  and  resentment  working 
violently  upon  him,  he  suffered  himself  to  be  so  strangely  biased 
that  in  the  relations  he  gives  of  many  of  the  transactions  of  his 
own  time  he  may  rather  pass  for  a  satirist  than  an  historian." — 
Crawford's  History  of  the  House  of  Este :  quoted  by  Mackenzie. 

"  It  cannot  be  denied  but  Buchanan  was  a  man  of  admirable 
eloquence,  of  rare  prudence,  and  of  an  exquisite  judgment;  he 
has  written  the  History  of  Scotland  with  such  elegancy  and  po 
liteness  that  he  surpasses  all  the  writers  of  his  age;  and  he  has 
even  equalled  the  ancients  themselves,  without  excepting  either 
Sallust  or  Titus  Livius.  But  he  is  accused  by  some  of  being  an 
unfaithful  historian,  and  to  have  shewn  in  his  history  an  extreme 
aversion  against  Queen  Mary  Stuart ;  but  his  masterpiece  is  his 
Paraphrase  upon  the  Psalms,  in  which  he  outdid  the  most  famous 
poets  among  the  French  and  Italians." — TEISSIEB  :  Eloges  des  Hom- 
mes  Spavans,  tome  ii. 

It  is  pleasing  to  quote  the  commendations  of  learned 
foreigners  :  we  give  a  few  others  : 

"  His  style  is  fine  and  pure,  and  the  historian  appears  everywhere 

to  speak  the  truth,  as  far  as  it  was  known  to  him He  has 

united  the  brevity  of  Sallust  to  the  elegance  and  perspicuity  of 
Livy ;  for  these  were  the  two  authors  that  he  chiefly  intended  to 
imitate:  and  I  do  not  believe  that  any  modern  historian  hath 
better  succeeded  in  imitating  the  historians  of  antiquity." — LE 
CLERC  :  Bibliotheque  Choisie. 

"  His  History  is  written  with  so  much  purity,  spirit,  and  judg 
ment,  that  it  does  not  appear  to  be  the  production  of  a  man  who 
had  passed  all  his  days  in  the  dust  of  a  school,  but  of  one  who 
had  been  all  his  lifetime  conversant  in  the  most  important  affairs 
of  state.  Such  was  the  greatness  of  his  mind,  and  the  felicity  of 
his  genius,  that  the  meanness  of  his  condition  and  fortune  has  not 
hindered  Buchanan  from  forming  just  sentiments  of  things  of  the 
greatest  moment,  or  from  writing  concerning  them  with  a  great 
deal  of  judgment." — THUANUS  :  Hist. ;  vide  Bayle's  Diet.  We  need 
hardly  caution  the  reader  against  the  ridiculous  slanders  quoted 
by  Bayle. 

The  celebrated  Montaigne  refers  to  Buchanan  as  one  of 
his  domestic  tutors,  and  the  Marshal  de  Brissac  sent  to 
Piedmont  to  invite  him  to  become  preceptor  to  his  son 
Timelon  de  Cose".  It  is  amusing  to  notice  the  continued 
aversion  of  James  VI.  to  Buchanan's  History  of  Scotland. 
In  his  Basilicon-Doron  he  recommends  his  son  to  be  well 
versed  in  authentic  histories,  but  cautions  him — 

"I  mean  not  of  such  infamous  invectives  as  Buchanan's  or 
Knox's  Chronicles :  and  if  any  of  these  infamous  libels  remain 
until  your  days,  use  the  law  upon  the  keepers  thereof." 

We  have  seen  that  Charles  followed  his  father's  advice, 
and  lost  his  head  by  neglecting  the  principles  of  the  old 
schoolmaster's  De  Jure  Regni.  James  never  forgot  the 
flagellations  by  means  of  which  Buchanan  quickened  his 
intellectual  perceptions.  He  used  to  remark,  long  after, 
of  an  eminent  individual,  that  he  "  ever  trembled  at  his 
approach  ;  it  minded  him  so  of  his  pedagogue." 

Richard  Harvey  seems  to  have  felt  somewhat  of  the 
same  awe.  In  his  Philadelphos,  or  a  defence  of  Brutes 
and  the  Brutans  History,  in  answer  to  our  author,  he  thus 
excites  his  courage  for  the  onslaught : 

"  Master  Buchanan,  though  some  call  you  the  trumpet  of  Scot 
land,  and  some  the  noble  scholler,  yet  I  will  be  so  bold  as  answere 
your  larum.  touching  the  history  of  mighty  Brute." 

George  Eglisem  had  the  effrontery  to  claim  that  his 
translation  of  the  Psalms  was  superior  to  Buchanan's,  and 
even  appealed  to  the  University  of  Paris  to  confirm  the 
justice  of  his  criticisms  on  his  illustrious  rival.  Hereupon 
Barclay  remarks,  that 

"It  would  be  more  difficult  to  find  in  Buchanan's  translation 
any  verses  that  are  not  good,  than  it  would  be  to  find  any  in 
Eglisem's  that  are  not  bad." 

"  The  most  applauded  of  Buchanan's  poetical  works  is  his  trans- 


BUC 

lation  of  the  Psalms,  particularly  of  the  104th.  This  Psalm  has 
been  translated  into  Latin  by  nine  Scottish  poets.  Eight  of  these 
translations  were  printed  at  Edinburgh,  1699, 12mo,  together  with 
the  Poetic  Duel  of  Eglisem  with  Buchanan." — GRANGER. 

Mackenzie  remarks  that 

"Buchanan  executed  this  translation  with  such  inimitable 
sweetness  and  elegancy,  that  this  version  of  the  Psalms  will  be 
esteemed  and  admired  as  long  as  the  world  endures,  or  men  have 
any  relish  for  poetry."— Scotch  Writers. 

"  It  is  generally  admitted  that  to  Scotland  belongs  the  honour 
of  having  produced  the  finest  Latin  version  of  the  Book  of  Psalms. 
At  a  time  when  literature  was  far  from  common  in  Europe,  Bu 
chanan,  then  a  prisoner  in  a  foreign  land,  produced  a  work  which 
has  immortalized  his  name,  and  left  scarcely  any  thing  to  be  de 
sired — as  far  as  the  beauties  of  diction  and  imagery  are  concerned 
—in  a  translation  of  the  sacred  songs.  It  is  not  meant  that  he. 
has  always  faithfully  represented  the  meaning  of  the  original. 
He  had  not,  perhaps,  a  sufficient  stock  of  Hebrew  knowledge  to 
enable  him  to  do  so.  His  studies  and  attainments  were  more  of 
a  classical  than  of  a  Biblical  character;  and  his  principal  aim  was 
to  clothe  the  sentiments  of  David  in  the  elegant  drapery  of  Horace 
and  Virgil.  There  are  twenty-nine  different  kinds  of  measure  in 
the  work,  in  all  of  which  he  shows  how  completely  he  was  master 
of  the  varied  forms  of  Latin  verse.  In  many  of  the  Psalms  he  has 
succeeded  to  admiration.  The  CIV.  has  frequently  been  selected 
as  one  of  the  finest  specimens  of  sublime  poetry.  ...  A  transla 
tion  of  Buchanan's  Psalms  into  English  verse  was  published  by 
the  Rev.  J.  Cradock,  of  Maryland,  1754,  8vo."— Orme's  Bibl.  Bib. 

"  If  we  look  into  Buchanan,  what  can  we  say,  but  that  the 
learned  author,  with  great  command  of  Latin  expression,  has  no 
true  relish  for  the  emphatick  conciseness  and  unadorned  sim 
plicity  of  the  inspired  poet?" — DR.  BEATTIE. 

The  treatise  De  Jure  Regni  apud  Scotus  is  in  the  form 
of  a  dialogue  between  Buchanan  and  Thomas  Maitland. 
The  latter,  represented  as  lately  returned  from  his  travels, 
complains  to  the  former  of  the  proceedings  against  Mary, 
Queen  of  Scots,  for  the  alleged  murder  of  her  husband, 
Lord  Darnley.  Buchanan  justifies  his  countrymen,  and 
in  the  course  of  his  arguments  assumes  grounds  of  a  cha 
racter  so  democratic  as  to  astonish  the  public  mind  of 
Europe. 

"  This  book  of  Buchanan's  has  been  much  traduced  by  some 
good  kind  of  men,  and  passes  for  a  very  pernicious  work.  But, 
after  a  careful  perusal,  I  cannot  view  it  in  this  light :  he  only 
teaches  that  kings  are  not  above  the  laws  that  they  have  sworn 
to.  and  that  the  people  may  oblige  them  to  observe  them,  and  that 
without  this  they  are  not  bound  to  obey  them."— LE  CLERC: 
Bibliotheque  Choisie. 

"  It  has  been  reproached  to  this  cultivated  scholar  that  he  gives 
his  sentiments  with  too  much  liberty.  I  am  surprised  that  so 
many  critics  have  concurred  in  this  censure.  Is  there  a  quality 
in  an  author  so  honourable,  so  useful,  as  that  of  expressing  what 
he  thinks?  Is  it  proper  that  science  and  learning  should  be  put 
in  prison,  and  dishonoured  by  confinement  and  fetters?  Mise 
rable  is  that  nation  where  literature  is  under  any  form  but  that 
of  a  republic." — DR.  GILBERT  STUART. 

"The  dialogue  of  our  illustrious  countryman  Buchanan,  De 
Jure  Regni  apud  Scotus,  though  occasionally  disfigured  by  the 
keen  and  indignant  temper  of  the  writer,  and  by  a  predilection 
(pardonable  in  a  scholar  warm  from  the  schools  of  ancient  Greece 
and  Rome)  for  forms  of  policy  unsuitable  to  the  circumstances  of 
modern  Europe,  bears,  nevertheless,  in  its  general  spirit,  a  closer 
resemblance  to  the  political  philosophy  of  the  eighteenth  century, 
than  any  composition  which  had  previously  appeared." — DUGALD 
STEWART  :  1st  Prelim.  Dizs.  1th  edit.  Encyc.  Brit. 

His  Rerum  Scoti  Historia  has,  according  to  the  different 
politics  of  critics,  elicited  both  warm  commendation  and 
strong  censure.  Its  literary  merit  is  beyond  all  cavil. 
We  have  already  given  some  commendations  of  this  work  : 
we  subjoin  a  few  others  : 

"  In  his  old  age  he  applied  himself  to  write  the  Scots'  History, 
which  he  renewed  with  such  judgment  and  eloquence,  as  no  coun 
try  can  show  a  better." — ARCHBISHOP  SPOTSWOOD. 

But  the  archbishop  disapproves  of  many  of  the  his 
torian's  sentiments,  whilst  he  lauds  the  author's  genius. 
Dr.  Robertson  speaks  much  in  the  same  strain : 

"  If  his  accuracy  and  impartiality  had  been,  in  any  degree,  equal 
to  the  elegance  of  his  taste,  and  to  the  purity  and  vigour  of  his 
style,  his  history  might  be  placed  on  a  level  with  the  most  ad 
mired  compositions  of  the  ancients.  But,  instead  of  rejecting  the 
improbable  tales  of  chronicle  writers,  he  was  at  the  utmost  pains 
to  adorn  them ;  and  hath  clothed  with  all  the  beauties  and  graces 
of  fiction,  those  legends  which  formerly  had  only  its  wildness  and 
extravagance." — History  of  Scotland. 

"  Buchanan  is  not  sufficiently  exact  in  his  dates,  nor  does  he 
cite  his  authorities;  in  some  parts  of  his  history  he  is  rather  too 
fond  of  the  marvellous,  and  of  putting  fine  speeches  into  the 
mouths  of  his  great  men,  in  imitation  of  the  ancient  historians, 
whose  defects  he  has  copied  as  well  as  their  excellencies."— Ls 
CLERC  :  Bibliotheque  Choijne. 

Conrig  commends  him  as  a  man  of  exquisite  judgment, 
and  Bishop  Burnet  declares  that 

"His  style  is  so  natural  and  nervous,  and  his  reflections  on 
things  are  so  solid,  that  he  is  justly  reckoned  the  greatest  and 
best  of  our  modern  authors."— Hist,  of  the  Reformation. 

"  The  composition  of  his  history  betrays  no  symptoms  of  the 
author's  old  age  and  infirmities;  his  style  is  not  merely  distin 
guished  by  its  correctness  and  elegance — it  breathes  all  the  fervent 
animation  of  youthful  genius.  The  noble  ideas  which  so  fre 
quently  rise  in  his  mind,  he  always  expresses  in  language  of  cor 
respondent  dignity.  His  narrative  is  extremely  perspicuous,  varie- 


BUG 


BUG 


gated,  and  interesting ;  it  is  seldom  deficient,  and  never  redundant.  ' 
His  moral  and  political  reflections  are  profound  and  masterly.  He 
is  ready  upon  all  occasions  to  vindicate  the  unalienable  rights  of  j 
mankind ;  and  he  uniformly  delivers  his  sentiments  with  a  noble 
freedom  and  energy." — DR.  IRVING,  in  Encyc.  Brit. ;  q.  v. 

When  the  Latinity  of  the  writers  of  the  English  tongue 
is  called  in  question  by  learned  foreigners,  it  is  no  small 
satisfaction  to  be  able  to  direct  their  attention  to  the  il 
lustrious  poet  of  Scotland,  of  whom  Bishop  Burnet  re 
marks  that 

"  In  the  writings  of  Buchanan  there  appears,  not  only  all  the 
beauty  and  graces  of  the  Latin  tongue,  but  a  vigour  of  mind,  and 
quickness  of  thought,  far  beyond  Bembo,  or  the  other  Italians, 
who  at  that  time  affected  to  revive  the  purity  of  the  Roman  style. 
It  was  but  a  feeble  imitation  of  Tully  in  them.  In  his  immortal 
poems  he  shews  so  well  how  he  could  imitate  all  the  Roman  poets 
in  their  several  ways  of  writing,  that  he  who  compares  them  will 
be  often  tempted  to  prefer  the  copy  to  the  original."— Hist,  of  the 
Reformation. 

We  quote  a  few  lines  from  an  able  and  eloquent  review  of 
Buchanan's  writings,  from  Blackwood's  Magazine,  vol.  iii. ; 
we  commend  the  article  to  the  attention  of  our  readers : 

"Of  all  the  modern  poets  who  have  written  in  Latin,  is  there 
one  who  has  stamped  upon  his  verses  the  impress  of  genius  rioting 
in  its  strength — the  symbol  of  uncontrolled  might — the  full  ma 
jesty  of  freedom  ?  If  such  an  one  there  be,  who  shall  deserve,  so 
well,  the  name  of  a  Prometheus — the  rival  of  creators — the  con 
queror  of  bondage  ?  To  those  who  doubt  the  power  of  genius  to 
overcome  even  these  difficulties,  and  achieve  even  these  tri 
umphs,  we  must  address  only  one  word — READ  BUCHANAN." 

We  are  not  a  little  surprised  at  Mr.  Hallam's  estimate 
of  the  merits  of  Buchanan.  Without  denying  him  great 
merit,  he  thinks  him  much  overrated.  In  thus  taking 
ground  against  Henry  Stephens,  Scaliger,  Baillet,  and  "  all 
France,  Italy,  and  Germany,"  this  eminent  scholar  displays 
a  commendable  independence — the  correctness  of  his  judg 
ment  is  another  question — and  he  very  modestly  remarks, 
"As  I  have  fairly  quoted  those  who  do  not  quite  agree  with  my 
self,  and  by  both  number  and  reputation  ought  to  weigh  more 
with  the  reader,  he  has  no  right  to  complain  that  I  mislead  his 
taste."— Lit.  Hist,  of  Europe. 

The  distinguished  critic  considers  that "  Jonston's  Psalms 
do  not  fall  short  of  those  of  Buchanan,"  and  he  prefers 
the  poem  of  the  latter  on  the  Sphere  to  any  other  of  his 
poetical  productions.  See  Biog.  Brit. ;  Chalmers's  Life 
of  Ruddiman;  Hume;  Robinson 'and  Stuart's  Histories; 
Laing's  Hist,  of  Scotland;  Mackenzie's  Scotch  Writers;  Dr. 
David  Irving's  Memoirs  of  Buchanan's  Life  and  Writings. 
Buchanan,  George,  M.D.,  President  Royal  Phy 
sical  Society  of  Edinburgh.  Treatise  on  the  Typhus  Fever, 
Baltimore,  1789,  8vo. 

Buchanan,  George.  A  Treatise  on  Road  Making, 
Railways,  Wheel  Carriages,  and  the  Strength  of  Animals. 
See  a  notice  of  this  work  in  Donaldson's  Agricult.  Biog. 

Buchanan,  James.  Linguae  Britannicae  vera  Pro- 
nunciato,  1757,  8vo.  Other  philolog.  works,  1757-70, 12mo. 
Buchanan,  James,  one  of  the  ministers  of  the  High 
Church,  Edinburgh.  Tracts  for  the  Times,  Edin.,  1843, 
12mo.  Comfort  in  Affliction,  a  Series  of  Meditations, 
1837,  8vo. 

"  A  most  valuable  work,  which  I  would  affectionately  recommend 
to  every  Christian  mourner." — REV.  HUGH  WHITE  :  Meditations. 

"They  abound  with  all  the  characteristics  of  Mr.  Buchanan's 
richly-endowed,  highly-cultivated,  and  thoroughly-matured  mind." 
— Presbyt.  Review. 

Improvement  of  Affliction,  a  sequel  to  the  above,  Edin., 
1848,  8vo; 

"  The  utmost  simplicity,  combined  with  exquisite  beauty  and 
elegance  of  composition,  the  most  natural  and  obvious,  yet  full 
and  comprehensive,  views  of  revealed  truth,  characterize  the  vo 
lume." —  Church  of  Scotland  Magazine. 

The  Office  and  Work  of  the  Holy  Spirit,  Edin.,  8vo;  4th 
ed.,  1843. 

"  Over  these  pages  we  are  persuaded  many  a  reader  will  linger, 
as  the  diversified  features  of  the  divine  administration  are  por 
trayed,  and,  closing  the  volume  reluctantly,  will  wonder  what 
ecstatic  interest  the  personal  narrative  of  redeemed  spirits  in  im 
mortality  must  possess,  since  their  partial  recital  on  earth  gives 
rise  to  such  a  fountain  of  feeling."— Omgregatifmal  Magazine. 

Buchanan,  James.     Sketches  of  the  History.  Man 
ners,  and  Customs  of  the  North  American  Indians,  1824,8vo. 
"  The  author  is  absolutely  without  any  qualifications  whatever 
for  the  task  he  has  undertaken."— Lon.  Quarterly  Review. 

Buchanan,  John.     Two  Assize  Sermons,  1793,  8vo. 
Buchanan,  John  tanny.     Travels  in  the  Western 
Hebrides  from  1782  to  1790,  Lon.,  1793,  8vo. 

«  A  statistical  account,  containing  much  interesting  information 
written  expressly  to  point  out  means  of  improvement "— LOWNDES 
A  Defence  of  the  Scots  Highlanders  against  Pinkerton,' 
Lon.,  1794,  8vo.  The  author  opposes  Pinkerton's  theory 
as  to  the  early  history  of  the  Scots  nation.  A  General 
View  of  the  Fisheries  of  Great  Britain,  Lon.,  1794,  8vo. 

Buchanan,  Robert,  D.D.,  of  Glasgow.    The  Ten 
Years'  Conflict,  being  the  History  of  the  Disruption  of  the 
Church  of  Scotland,  Edin.,  1849,  2  vols.  8vo. 
276 


"  For  a  complete  and  full  study  of  the  Scottish  Church  question, 
as  it  has  been  termed.  Dr.  Buchanan's  elaborate  and  able  work 
furnishes  ample  materials.  ...  In  a  literary  point  of  view,  the 
work  is  one  of  very  high  merit.  ...  A  work  produced  at  such  a 
time,  and  by  one  so  amply  qualified,  cannot  fail  to  go  down  to 
future  ages  as  a  full  and  authentic  record  of  the  recent  remarkable 
controversy,  bearing  the  stamp  of  the  high  moral  courage  which 
braved  the  severest  possible  test,  and  the  moral  veracity  in  which 
that  test  found  no  flaw." — North  British  Review. 

"  A  clear  and  masterly  exposition  of  the  causes  which  led  to  the 
'  Conflict,'  and  the  varied  aspects  which  it  exhibited  from  its  com 
mencement,  in  1833,  to  its  issue  in  1843."— Evangelical  Mag. 

Buchanan,  Robertson,  Civil  Engineer.  Essays 
on  Mill  Work,  Ac.,  1814,  3  vols.  8vo. ;  2d  edit.,  1823,  8vo. 
Other  profess,  works,  1807-16. 

Buchanan,  William,  of  Auchmar.  Essay  upon  the 
Family  and  Surname  of  Buchanan,  Glasg.,  1723,  4to  ; 
Edin.,  1775,  8vo;  the  latter  contains  additional  matter. 

Buchanan,  William.  Reports  of  certain  remark 
able  Cases  in  the  Court  of  Session,  and  Trials  in  the  High 
Court  of  Justiciary,  1813,  8vo. 

Buchanan,  William.  Memoirs  of  Painting,  Lon., 
1824,  2  vols.  8vo.  A  valuable  work. 

Buck,  Adam.  100  Engravings  from  Paintings  and 
Greek  Vases,  Lon.,  1812,  8vo. 

Buck,  Charles,  1771-1815,  an  exemplary  minister, 
was  successively  stationed  at  Sheerness,  Hackney,  and 
London.  Anecdotes,  Religious,  Moral,  and  Entertaining, 
Lon.,  1799,  12mo;  6th  edit.,  corrected,  1815,  2  vols.  12mo; 
vol.  3,  1816,  8vo;  10th  edit,,  1842,  12mo;  1  vol. 

"  The  best  collection  of  fects  of  this  nature  ever  formed  in  the 
English  language.  .  .  .  The  work  will  afford  valuable  assistance 
to  the  religious  teacher  in  his  intercourse  with  mankind." — DR.  E. 
WILLIAMS. 

A  Theological  Dictionary,  Lon.,  1802,  2  vols.  8vo ;  1821, 
8vo,  and  since  much  improved  by  Rev.  Dr.  Henderson ; 
1847,  8vo  ;  pp.  788. 

"  A  very  excellent  and  useful  book,  the  result  of  much  labour 
and  investigation,  and  a  remarkable  talent  for  clearness  of  defini 
tion  and  description.  The  diligence  of  the  author  has  rendered  it 
very  copious;  and  the  soundness  of  his  understanding  has  made 
it  abundantly  instructive.  It  is  in  general  free  from  bigotry,  and 
may  be  used  advantageously  by  Protestants  of  all  descriptions,  and 
indeed  by  all  Christians."— British  Critic. 

"  On  theological  and  ecclesiastical  subjects  the  information  which 
it  contains  is  sound  and  comprehensive." — DR.  E.  WILLIAMS. 
Other  works. 

Buck,  Daniel  Dana,  b.  1814,  in  New  Hampshire, 
Theological  writer.  Exposition  of  the  24th  Chap,  of  Mat 
thew,  8vo,  1853. 

Buck,  Sir  George.     See  BUG. 

Buck,  J.  W.  Reports  of  Cases  in  Bankruptcy  from 
1816  to  1820,  Lon.,  1821,  r.  8vo. 

Buck,  or  Bucke,  James.  Theological  treatises, 
Lon.,  1639,  '60,  4to. 

"  One  of  those  great  and  good  men  whose  works  will  ever  be  held 
in  high  estimation  by  those  who  are  on  their  way  to  Zion  with 
their  faces  thitherward." 

Buck,  Maximilian.     Sermons,  1703,  '04,  '18,  8vo. 
Buck,  Robert.     Sermon,  Matt.  vi.  13,  8vo. 
Buck,  Samuel  and  Nathaniel.    Views  of  Ruins 
of  the  most  noted  Castles  and  Abbeys  in  England,  Lon., 
1721,  3  vols.  fol.     Antiquities,  or  Venerable  Remains  of 
above  four  hundred  Castles,  Monasteries,  Palaces,  Ac.,  in 
England  and  Wales,  Lon.,  1774,  3  vols.  fol.;  first  pub. 
1727-40  in  sets.     An  original  subscription  set  was  sold — 
Beckford,  in  1817— for  £53  11*. 

Bucke,  Charles,  1781-1847,  a  native  of  Worlington, 
Suffolk,  England.  The  Beauties,  Harmonies,  and  Sub 
limities  of  Nature,  Lon.,  4  vols.  8vo;  new  edition,  en 
larged,  1837,  3  vols.  8vo. 

"  One  of  the  most  beautiful  works  I  ever  read ;  it  stands  at  the 
very  head  of  its  class  in  modern  times." — SIR  JAMES  MACKINTOSH. 
"  What  has  been  said  of  Lord  Bacon  may,  with  great  truth,  be 
applied  to  Mr.  Bucke,  that  'his  feeling  for  Nature  was  the  main 
side  on  which  his  philosophy  ran  into  poetry,  and  vented  itself  in 
a  very  graceful,  as  well  as  grand,  enthusiasm,  befitting  one  of  the 
High-Priests  of  Wisdom.'  "—Lon.  Literary  Chronicle. 
Book  of  Human  Character,  Lon.,  2  vols.  12mo. 
"ilt  is  no  exaggeration  to  say,  that  to  have  read  the  books  re 
ferred  to,  and  quoted  from,  in  this  olio,  must  have  been  the  work 
of  a  man's  life.    The  very  names  of  the  poets,  philosophers,  and 
painters,  scattered  through  the  volumes,  render  them  precious."— 
Lon.  Athenaeum. 

"Of  his  style  nothing  can  be  said  but  in  praise."— ion.  Montfily 
Review. 

The  Book  of  Table  Talk,  Lon.,  2  vols.,  12mo. 
"  This  entertaining  book  is  just  one  to  take  up,  read  a  bit  of,  and 
lay  down,  at  any  idle  hour." — Lon.  Literary  Gazette. 

"  The  spiritual  attribute  of  Table-talk  is  to  be  amusing ;  and  the 
volumes  before  us  are  rich  in  that  quality." — 7>m.  Athena-urn. 

Buckeridge,  or  Buckridge,  John,  D.D.,  d.  1631, 
,  educated  at,  and  Fellow  of,  St.  John's  College,  Oxf.,  and 
j  made  President  thereof,  1605;  Canon  of  Windsor,  1606; 
I  Bishop  of  Rochester,  1611 ;  translated  to  Ely,  1626.  Ser- 


BUG 

mon  on  Romans  xiii.  5,  Lon.,  1606,  4to.     De  Potestate 
Papae  in  Rebus  Temporalibus,  <fec.,  Lon.,  1614,  4to. 

"  In  which  book  he  hath  so  shaken  the  papal  monarchy,  and  its 
superiority  over  kings  and  princes,  that  none  of  the  learned  men 
of  that  party  did  ever  undertake  a  reply  unto  it." — Athen.  Oxon. 

Bishop  Buckeridge  printed  some  other  sermons,  1618,  <fcc. 

Buckham,  P.  W.  Remarks  on  the  Phytolacca  Do- 
decandra,  or  Mustard-Tree  of  the  Scriptures,  Lon.,  1827, 8vo. 

"  Mr.  Frost's  hypothesis  is  controverted  with  much  learning 
and  ingenuity  by  the  Rev.  Mr.  Buckhain,  who  argues  that  the 
tree  intended  is  the  common  mustard-tree,  and  who  has  collected 
numerous  passages  from  ancient  botanical  writers,  and  from  mo 
dern  travellers  aud  botanical  authors,  iu  support  of  his  argument." 
— T.  II.  HORNE. 

See  Sir  Thomas  Browne's  view  of  this  subject  in  his  Mis 
cellanies  :  Works,  edited  by  Wilkin,  pub.  by  H.  G.  Bohn, 
Lon.,  1853,  3  vols. 

Buckhurst.     See  SACKVILLE. 

Buckingham,  Duke  of.     See  VILLIERS. 

Buckingham  and  Chandos,  Duke  of.  Memoirs 
of  the  Court  and  Cabinets  of  George  the  Third;  from  Ori 
ginal  Family  Documents,  Lon.,  2  vols.  8vo;  2d  ed. 

"  A  very  remarkable  and  valuable  publication.  The  Duke  of 
Buckingham  has  himself  undertaken  the  task  of  forming  a  history, 
from  the  papers  of  his  grandfather  and  great-uncle,  the  Earl  Tem 
ple  (first  Marquis  of  Buckingham)  aud  Lord  Grenville,  of  the  days 
of  the  secoud  Win.  Pitt.  .  .  .  The  duke  has  moulded  his  material 
with  no  ordinary  ability  and  skill." — Lon.  Times. 

"These  volumes  are  a  treasure  for  the  politician  and  a  mine  of 
wealth  for  the  historian." — Britannia. 

Buckingham,  James  Silk,  b.  1786,  at  the  village 
of  Flushing,  near  Falmouth,  England;  died  in  London, 
1855.  "  He  established  in  London  the  Oriental  Herald, 
which  became  the  precursor  of  several  similar  journals, 
and  the  Athenaeum,  which  is  now  the  leading  literary 
journal  among  those  which  are  published  weekly."  He 
was  well  known  to  the  world  as  a  lecturer,  Member  of 
Parliament,  and  especially  as  an  enterprising  traveller. 

Travels  in  Palestine,  Lon.,  1822,  2  vols.  8vo. 

"This  work  is  both  interesting  and  valuable  in  more  than  an 
ordinary  degree.  It  suggests  some  important  corrections  of  geo 
graphical  errors,  and  adds  considerably  to  our  knowledge  of  the 
less-frequented  regions.  Mr.  Buckingham  is  a  very  clever,  observ 
ant,  and  meritorious  traveller." — Lon.  Eclectic  Review. 

Travels  among  the  Arab  Tribes  inhabiting  the  Countries 
east  of  Syria  and  Palestine,  Ac.,  1825,  4to.  Travels  in 
Mesopotamia,  Ac.,  1827,  4to;  2d  ed.,  2  vols.  8vo. 

"  One  of  the  most  valuable  contributions  that  have  been  made 
in  modern  times  to  a  knowledge  of  the  ancient  and  modern  state 
of  Asia."— ion.  Globe. 

Travels  in  Assyria,  Media,  and  Persia,  1829,  4to;  2d 
ed.,  1830,  2  vols.  8vo. 

"  This  volume  may  be  pronounced  more  interesting  than  any  of 
Mr.  Buckingham's  former  Travels,  as  it  chiefly  consists  of  personal 
narrative." — Lon.  Monthly  Review. 

Tour  of  Belgium,  Rhine,  Switzerland,  Ac.,  2  vols.  8vo. 
Tour  in  France,  Piedmont,  Lombardy,  Ac.,  2  vols.  8vo. 
National  Evils  and  Practical  Remedies,  8vo.  Coming 
Era  of  Reform,  8vo.  Evils  of  the  Present  System  of  Popu 
lar  Elections,  12mo.  Parliamentary  Evidence  on  Drunken 
ness,  8vo.  Sketch  of  his  Voyages,  Travels,  Writings,  Ac. 
8vo.  America :  Historical,  Statistic,  and  Descriptive, — viz. : 
Northern  States,  3  vols. ;  Eastern  and  Western  States,  3 
vols. ;  Southern  or  Slave  States,  2  vols. ;  Canada,  Nova 
Scotia,  New  Brunswick,  and  the  other  British  Provinces  in 
North  America,  1  vol. ;  together,  9  vols.  8vo,  Lon.  1841-43. 

"A  very  entire  and  comprehensive  view  of  the  United  States, 
diligently  collected  by  a  man  of  great  acuteness  and  observation." 
— Lon.  Literary  Gazette. 

"  Mr.  Buckingham  goes  deliberately  through  the  States,  treating 
of  all,  historically  and  statistically,— of  their  rise  and  progress, 
their  manufactures,  trade,  population,  topography,  fertility,  re 
sources,  morals,  manners,  and  education.  His  volumes  will  be 
found  a  storehouse  of  knowledge." — Lon.  Athenseum. 

"  I  am  able  to  bear  a  witness's  testimony  to  the  accuracy  of  the 
first  three  volumes  of  your  work  on  America,  which  were  my  com 
panions  in  my  recent  travels  through  that  country ;  and  I  found 
that  their  truth,  research,  and  general  impartiality,  independently 
of  higher  results,  made  them  most  useful  and  satisfactory  guides 
and  text-books.  .  .  .  You  have  so  fully  occupied  the  whole  ground 
that  my  abstaining  from  treading  in  your  footprints  cannot  fail 
to  be  generally  acquiesced  in." — Lord  Morpeth  to  the  Author. 

Autobiography,  1855,  2  vols.  p.  8vo.  His  death  occur 
ring  at  this  time,  the  third  and  fourth  volumes,  which 
were  ready  for  the  press,  were  not  published.  The  MS. 
journals  of  his  various  travels  occupy  28  folio  volumes 
closely  written. 

Buckingham,  Joseph  T.,  b.  1779,  at  Windham, 
Connecticut,  is  extensively  known  in  the  United  States  as 
a  journalist  of  great  experience.  From  1802  to  '15  he 
was  a  publisher  in  Boston,  and  from  1805  to  '14  issued 
The  Polyanthus,  a  monthly  magazine.  Mr.  B.  has  also 
been  connected  with  The  Ordeal,  pub.  for  six  months  in 
1809;  The  Comet,  1814-15;  The  New  England  Galaxy 


BUG 

and  Masonic  Magazine,  1817-28;  The  Boston  Courier, 
1824-48  ;  The  New  England  Magazine,  1832-36.  1.  Speci 
mens  of  Newspaper  Literature,  with  Personal  Memoirs, 
Anecdotes,  and  Reminiscences,  Bost.,  1850,  2  vols.  12mo. 
2.  Personal  Memoirs  and  Recollections  of  Editorial  Life, 
Bost.,  1852,  2  vols.  16mo.  These  works  should  be  in  every 
American  library,  and  may  also  claim  the  attention  of  the 
English  collector,  as  embodying  a  history  of  British  Colo 
nial  periodical  literature. 

Buckingham,  Thomas,  d.  1731,  minister  at  Con 
necticut,  pub.  an  Election  Sermon,  entitled  Moses  and 
Aaron,  in  1728. 

Buckland,  A.  C.  Letters  on  Early  Rising.  Letters 
to  an  Attorney's  Clerk;  completed  by  W.  H.  Buckland, 
Lon.,  1844,  12mo. 

"  Among  all  the  kind  advisers  who  have  undertaken  to  teach  the 
young  attorney  how  to  rise,  Mr.  Buckland  is  perhaps  the  most 
sensible  and  valuable."— ion.  Monthly  Review. 

Buckland,  Francis  T.,  Assistant-Surgeon  2d  Life- 
Guards,  eldest  son  of  the  late  Dr.  W.  Buckland,  the  geolo 
gist,  b.  1823,  was  educated  at  Oxford.  Curiosities  of  Na 
tural  History,  1858,  1  vol.  fp.  8vo,  illustrated.  Third  edi 
tion  published  within  six  months  of  its  first  appearance. 

Buckland,  John.     Sermon,  Lon.,  1809,  4to. 

Buckland,  Ralph,  b.  about  1564,  d.  1611,  a  native 
of  West  Haptre,  Somersetshire,  was  entered  of  Magdalene 
College,  Oxford,  1579,  became  a  Roman  Catholic,  and  spent 
seven  years  in  Douay  College,  was  ordained  priest,  and 
sent  as  a  missionary  to  England,  where  he  laboured  for 
twenty  years.  A  Trans,  of  the  Lives  of  the  Saints,  from 
Surius.  A  Persuasive  against  Frequenting  Protestant 
Churches,  12mo.  Seven  Sparks  of  the  Enkindled  Flame, 
12mo :  for  an  account  of  Archbishop  Usher's  sermon  on 
this  book,  see  Athen.  Oxon.  An  Embassage  from  Heaven, 
8vo.  De  Persecutione  Vandalica;  a  trans,  from  the  Latin 
of  Victor,  Bishop  of  Biserte  or  Utica. 

Buckland,  The  Very  Rev.  William,  Dean  of  West 
minster,  1784-1856,  b.  at  Axminster,  Devon,  educated  at 
and  Fellow  of  Corpus  Christi  College,  Oxford,  was  appointed 
Reader  in  Mineralogy  in  1813,  Reader  in  Geology,  1816, 
Dean  of  Westminster,  1845.  The  devotion  with  which  Dr. 
B.  has  pursued  his  favourite  subject  is  well  known  to  the 
world.  Vindiciae  Geologicas ;  or,  The  Connection  of  Geology 
with  Religion  Explained,  pp.  38.  Reliquiae  Diluvianae;  or, 
Observations  on  the  Organic  Remains  contained  in  Caves, 
Fissures,  and  Diluvial  Gravel,  and  on  other  Geological  Phe 
nomena,  attesting  the  Action  of  an  Universal  Deluge,  Lon., 
1823, 4to.  Geology  and  Mineralogy  considered  with  Refer 
ence  to  Natural  Theology;  2d  ed.,  1837,  2  vols.  8vo:  vol. 
L,  Geology  and  Mineralogy ;  vol.  ii.,  Plates,  with  explana 
tions:  Bridgewater  Treatise.  The  £1000  received  by  the 
learned  and  liberal  Dr.  B.  are  said  to  have  been  expended 
by  him  on  the  plates  of  this  work.  Read  a  review  of  the 
same  in  the  Lon.  Quarterly  Review,  Ivi.  31,  where  many 
quotations  are  given  from  the  volume: 

"We  must  here,  however  unwillingly,  bring  to  a  conclusion  our 
quotations  from  this  most  instructive  and  interesting  volume,  of 
which  every  page  is  pregnant  with  facts  inestimably  precious  to  the 
natural  theologian, — offering,  as  we  uiifeignedly  do,  our  sincere 
acknowledgments  to  Dr.  Buckland  for  the  industry  and  research 
he  has  devoted  to  the  performance  of  his  task,  and  for  the  .com 
manding  eloquence  with  which  he  has  called  forth  the  very  stocks 
and  stones  that  have  been  buried  for  countless  ages  in  the  deep  re 
cesses  of  the  earth,  to  proclaim  the  universal  agency  throughout 
all  time  of  one  all-directing,  all-pervading  Mind,  and  to  swell  the 
chorus  in  which  all  creation  'hymns  his  praise'  and  bears  witness 
to  his  unlimited  power,  wisdom,  and  benevolence." 

See  also  Dubl.  Univ.  Mag.,  viii.  692,  and,  for  a  notice  of 
Reliquiae  Diluvianae,  Chris.  Month.  Spec.,  vi.  415.  Some 
strictures  upon  Dr.  Buckland's  theory  of  the  Caves,  pro 
posed  in  the  Reliquiae  Diluvianae,  will  be  found  in  the  Rev. 
George  Bugg's  Scriptural  Theology,  Lon.,  1827,  2  vols.  8vo. 
See  Fairholme's  Phys.  Demons.,  Ac.  of  the  M.  Deluge, 
Lon.,  1838,  8vo.  Dr.  B.  pub.  in  1839  The  Sentence  of  Death 
at  the  Fall.  See  Lon.  Gent.  Mag.,  Sept.  1856,  384. 

Buckle,  Henry  Thomas.  History  of  Civilization 
in  England,  1857:  vol.  i.,  8vo,  pp.  860.  Censured  in  Lon. 
Athen.,  1857,  850.  Reviewed  in  North  British  Review, 
July,  1858.  Vol.  ii.  pub.  1858  ;  N.  York,  1858,  2  vols.  8vo. 
This  work  has  been  unfavourably  noticed  in  several  of  the 
British  quarterlies,  and  commended  by  Lon.  Month.  Mag., 
Bost.  Christian  Examiner,  Ac. 

Buckle,  R.  Bentley,  Archdeacon  of  Dorset.  A 
Charge  to  the  Clergy  in  June,  1843,  Dorches.,  1843,  8vo. 

Buckle,  William.  A  Catechism  compiled  from  the 
Book  of  Common  Prayer,  Lon.,  1807,  12mo. 

Buckler,  Benjamin,  D.D.,  1716-1780,  was  educated 
at  Oriel  College,  Oxford.  He  became  a  Fellow  of  All  Souls' 
College,  where  he  proceeded  B.D.,  1755,  D.D.,  1759.  He 


BUG 


BUD 


assisted  his  friend  Sir  William  Blackstone  in  his  researches 
respecting  the  rights  of  Fellowship,  Ac.  in  All  Souls'  Col 
lege,  and  drew  up  the  Stemmata  Chicheleana,  or  a  Genea 
logical  Account  of  some  of  the  Families  derived  from 
Thomas  Chicele,  of  Higham  Ferrars;  forming,  with  the 
Supplement,  2  vols.  4to  in  1,  Oxford,  1765-75.  A  Com 
plete  Vindication  of  the  Mallard  of  All  Souls'  College, 
Lon.,  1750,  Svo.  For  an  account  of  this  amusing  contro 
versy  see  Chalmers's  Biog.  Diet.,  and  Nichols's  Lit.  Anec 
dotes.  A  Reply  to  Dr.  Huddesford's  Obs.,  Oxf.,  1756,  4to. 

B  uckl  er  ,E dward.  Queries  on  the  Oath,  Lon.,  1 647,  fol. 

Buckler,  E.  H.   Views  of  Southwell  Church,  Lon.,  fol. 

Buckler,  John  Chessell.  Views  of  the  Cathedral 
Churches  of  England  and  Wales,  Lon.,  1822,  r.  4to.  Obs. 
on  the  Original  Architecture  of  St.  Mary  Magdalen  College, 
Oxford,  Ac.,  Lon.,  1823,  Svo. 

"  A  tract  containing  much  information  on  early  architecture.  — 

L°Buckler,  Thomas  H.,  M.D.  Etiology,  Pathology, 
and  Treatment  of  Fibro-Bronchitis  and  Rheumatic  Pneu- 


Trial  of  Col.  Andrews,  Lon., 


monia,  Phila.,  1853,  8vo. 
Buckley,  Francis. 

1660,  4to. 

Buckley,  J.  W.    Sermons,  Brighton  &  Lon.,  1843-50. 

Buckley,  Saml.  Letters  to  Dr.  Mead  concerning  a 
new  edit,  of  Thuanus's  History,  Lon.,  1728,  8vo.  Thuani 
Historiarum,  Ac.  per  Sam.  Buckley,  Lon.,  1733,  7  vols. 

Buckley,  Theodore  William  Alois,  1825-1856; 
educated  at  Oxford,  where  he  was  greatly  distinguished 
for  his  learning  j  became  one  of  the  chaplains  of  Christ 
Church,  Oxford,  and  subsequently  removed  to  London, 
where  he  edited  for  the  booksellers  a  number  of  the  Greek 
and  Latin  classics,  Ac.,  (some  of  which  he  also  translated 
into  English,)  and  several  English  works.  He  also  contri 
buted  largely  to  periodicals.  See  Lon.  Gent.  Mag.,  March, 
1856,  314-316. 

Buckman,  James,  in  conjunction  with  C.  N.  New 


Mr.  Build's  is  a  valuable  treatise,  full  of  devout  evangelical 

d  original  remarks."— BICKERSTETH. 

Budd,  R.  H.     The  Foot  of  the  Horse,  1816,  Svo. 

Budd,  Thomas  Allibone,  an  eminent  lawyer  of 
Philadelphia,  has  pub.  several  addresses,  Ac.,  and  is  the 
author  of  the  Life  of  John  Dickinson,  in  the  National 
Portrait-Gallery  of  Distinguished  Americans. 

Budden,  John,  1566-1620,  entered  Merton  College, 
Oxford,  1582,  was  made  Doctor  in  Civil  Law,  1602,  Prin 
cipal  of  New  Inn,  1609,  and  shortly  after  King's  Professor 
of  Civil  Law,  and  Principal  of  Broadgate's  Hall.  Life  of 
William  of  Waynflete,  founder  of  Magdalen  College,  in 
Latin,  Oxon.,  1602,  4to ';  also  the  Life  of  Archbishop  Mor 
ton,  Lon.,  1607,  Svo.  A  Discourse  for  Parents  Honour  and 
Authority  over  their  Children,  Lon.,  1614,  Svo,  trans,  from 
the  French  of  Peter  Frodius.  He  also  made  some  trans- 
ations  from  the  Latin. 

"  He  was  a  person  of  great  eloquence,  an  excellent  rhetorician, 
philosopher,  and  a  most  noted  civilian." — Athen.  Oxon. 

Buddicom,  Robert  Pedder,  d.  1846,  incumbent 
of  St.  George's,  Everton,  near  Liverpool.  Forty-two  ser 
mons,  Lon.,  1836,  2  vols.  12mo.  Friendship  with  God, 
1839,  2  vols.  12mo.  Other  theological  works. 

Buddie,  George.    Evangelical  Fasts,  Lon.,  1699, 4to. 

Buddie,  John,    -      "  *  "' !J™i- :"  rt""1  1"?"M 


Treatises  on  Accidents  in  Coal  Mines, 


1814-17;  the  Wire-Gauze  Safe-Lamp. 

Buddo,  John.     Essay,  Ac.,  1801,  '03,  8vo. 

Budge,  J.     Practical  Miner's  Guide,  1825,  r.  Svo. 

Budge,  Joseph.     Middlesex  Elections,  1802,  '04. 

Budgell,  Eustace,  1685-1736,  a  son  of  Gilbert  Bud- 
gell,  D.D.,  a  native  of  St.  Thomas,  near  Exeter,  was  edu 
cated  at  Christ  Church,  Oxford.  Removing  to  London,  he 
was  entered  of  the  Middle  Temple,  his  father  having  se 
lected  the  Law  as  a  suitable  profession  for  the  display  of 
the  uncommon  abilities  of  his  son.  But  the  young  man 

"  with  the 


had  acquired  a  literary  taste,  which  interfered 
requisite  application  to  his  new  duties.     He  lacked  suffi- 
_  ---------  ,  -------  ,  v  cient  self-denial  to  indite  a  Farewell  to  his  Muse,  (see 

marsh,  Esq.,  has  favoured  the  public  with  illustrations  ol  BLACKSTONE^  SIR  WILLIAM,)  and  was  far  more  disposed  to 
the  Remains  of  Roman  Art  in  Cirencester,  the  site  of  cuitivate  her  acquaintance.  He  had  the  good  sense  to  seek 
Ancient  Corinium,  Svo  and  4to.  See  Lon.  Archeeol.  Jour.  &n  intimacy  with  Addison,  al  ' 

Buckminster,  Joseph,  d.  1792,  aged  72,  a  minister  motner    and  ^is  celebrated 

of  Rutland,  Massachusetts,  pub.  several  discourses,  1759,  Ac.        }nted  Secretary  to  the  Earl  of  Wharton,  Lord  Lieutenant 

- 


Addison,  also,  first  cousin  to  Budgell's 
relative,  who  had  been  ap- 


Buckminster, 

ceding,  a  minister  of 
sional  serms.,  1787-1811. 


Joseph,  1751-1812,  son  of  the  pre-  Jf  Ireland)  gave  him  a  clerkship  in  his  office.     Budgell 
Portsmouth,  Mass.,  pub.  some  occa-  ;  had  nQW  gecure(j  a  position  which  with  ordinary  prudence 
See  LEE,  Mns.  ELIZA  B.,  No.  4.   woui(j  have  insured  him  literary  distinction  and  social  ad- 


Buckminster,  Joseph  Stevens,  sou  of  the  pre 
ceding,  1784-1812,  a  native  of  Portsmouth,  New  Hamp 
shire,  displayed  uncommon  literary  abilities  at  a  very  early 
age.  He  entered  Harvard  College  in  1797,  took  B.A.  1800, 
and  was  appointed  minister  of  the  Brattle  Street  Unitarian 
Society  in  Boston,  1805.  His  ill  health  obliged  him  to  travel 
in  Europe  in  1806-07.  In  1811  he  was  appointed  First  Prof, 
of  Biblical  Criticism  at  Cambridge,  but  died  before  he  had 
entered  upon  his  duties.  As  a  preacher  and  accomplished 
scholar,  Mr.  Buckminster  attained,  although  so  young  in 
years,  great  reputation.  In  1808  he  superintended  an 
Amer.  ed.  of  Griesbach's  Greek  Testament,  and  contem 
plated  further  labours  in  the  same  field.  His  Serms.  were 
pub.  in  1814,  (Lon.,  1827,)  and  a  second  vol.  in  1829.  His 
works,  with  Memoir,  were  pub.  in  London,  2  vols.  p.  Svo. 

Buckminster,  Thomas.  Right  Christian  Calendar, 
Lon.,  1570,  Svo.  New  Almanacke,  Lon.,  1583,  Svo. 

Bucknall,  Thomas.  The  Orchardist,  Lon.,  1797,  Svo. 

Buckner,  John,  Bishop  of  Chichester.  Sermons, 
1798,  1800,  '02,  '12.  A  Charge,  1797. 

Buckridge,  Thomas,  Rector  of  Merrow,  Surrey, 
Six  Sermons,  Lon.,  1767,  Svo. 

Buckridys.     Letter  on  Conformity,  Lon.,  1704,  fol. 

Buckworth,  J.,  Vicar  of  Dewsbury,  Yorkshire. 
Twenty  Discourses  on  Doctrinal,  Experimental,  and  Prac 
tical  Religion,  Leeds,  1812,  12mo. 

Budd,  Edward.     Political  tracts,  1809,  '10. 

Budd,  George,  M.D.,  Prof,  of  Medicine  in  King's 


College,  Lon. 
2d  ed.,  1852. 


Treatise  on  Diseases  of  the  Liver,  Lon.,  Svo; 
2  Amer.  edits.   Lectures  on  the  Organic  Dis 


eases  and  Functional  Disorders  of  the  Stomach,  Lon.,  Svo. 
"We  cannot  too  strongly  recommend  the  diligent  study  of  this 
volume.  The  work  cannot  fail  to  rank  the  name  of  its  author 
among  the  most  enlightened  pathologists  and  soundest  practi 
tioners  of  the  day." — Medico-ChirnrgicdL  Review. 

Budd,  Henry,  Rector  of  White-Roothing.  The  Con 
demned  Cell,  1813.  Considering  the  Poor,  1813.  Silent 
Preacher,  12mo.  Baptismal  Education,  2  vols.  12mo. 
Infant  Baptism  the  Means  of  National  Reformation,  1827, 
'39,  '41,  12mo. 

"Invaluable  as  are  the  incidental  topics  in  Mr.  Budd's  book,  it 

fe  too  discursive  exactly  to  answer  that  which  seems  desirable,— a 

278 


vantages  seldom  accorded  to  one  so  young,  but  he  unfortu 
nately  possessed  a  captious  and  quarrelsome  disposition, 
stimulated  by  an  inordinate  vanity,  which  rendered  him 
miserable  in  life,  and  was  the  cause,  in  connection  with 
an  alleged  crime,  of  a  disgraceful  death  by  his  own  hand. 
He  drowned  himself  in  the  Thames  in  1736.  His  unhappy 
temper  was  continually  marring  the  zealous  efforts  of  Ad 
dison  for  his  advancement.  The  Duke  of  Bolton  and  the 
Earl,  of  Sunderland  found  it  impossible  to  aid  one  who 
was  always  fighting  against  himself  by  abuse  of  those  who 
were  disposed  to  serve  him.  To  add  to  his  troubles,  he 
lost  above  £20,000  in  1720  in  the  famous  South  Sea  scheme. 
Before  Budgell  had  attained  his  majority  he  contributed 
several  papers  to  The  Tatler.  It  is  not  known  which  these 
were.  To  The  Spectator  he  contributed  the  following 
papers,  according  to  the  enumeration  of  Dr.  Drake,  (dis 
tinguished  by  "  X"  in  the  first  seven  volumes,)  Nos.  67, 
77,  116,  150,  161,  175,  197,  217,  277,  283,  301,  307,  313, 
319,  325,  331,  337,  341,  347,  353,  359,  365,  373,  379,  385, 
389,  395,  401,  506,  564,  573,  581,  591,  599,  602,  605,  628; 
also  a  letter  signed  Eustace,  in  No.  539,  to  which  list  Dr. 
Bissett  adds  570.  To  The  Guardian,  Nos.  25,  31. 

In  1730  he  became  a  contributor  to  The  Craftsman,  the 
formidable  opponent  of  Sir  Robert  Walpole's  administra 
tion.  See  BOLINGBROKE,  LORD.  Towards  the  close  o 
1732,  he  commenced  a  weekly  magazine  entitled  The  Bee, 
which  extended  to  100  numbers,  forming  8  vols.  Svo. 
About  this  time  occurred  an  event  alluded  to  previously, 
which  elicited  one  of  the  most  poignant  epigrams  of  Pope. 
Dr.  Matthew  Tindal  was  an  intimate  friend  of  our  author  s, 
and  the  latter  is  supposed  to  have  had  something  to  do 
with  the  publication  of  Tindal's  Christianity  as  old  as  tl 
Creation.  The  Dr.  in  his  will  charged  Budgell  to  give  to 
the  world  the  second  part  of  this  infamous  piece,  and  he 
also  bequeathed  to  him  the  sum  of  £2100.  Tindal's  ne 
phew  disputed  the  will,  and  it  was  set  aside,  not  without 
great  injury  to  Budgell's  character.  The  latter  some  time 
before  had  attacked  Pope  in  consequence  of  a  piece  pub 
lished  in  the  Grub-Street  Journal,  which  he  attributed  t 
the  author  of  the  Dunciad.  Pope  conceived  that  the  op 
portunity  for  revenge  had  now  arrived,  and  in  the  Pro- 


BUD 

logue  to  his  Satires  thus  stereotyped  the  alleged  crime  of 
his  opponent: 

"  Let  Budgell  charge  low  Grub-Street  on  my  quill, 
And  write  whate'er  he  please— except  my  will." 

Budgell's  translation  from  the  Greek  of  Theophrastus's 
Characters,  pub.  1713,  was  so  creditable  as  to  elicit  the 
warm  commendation  of  Addison  in  the  39th  number  of 
The  Lover.  In  1732  he  pub.  Memoirs  of  the  Lives  and 
Characters  of  the  Family  of  the  Boyles,  particularly  of 
CHARLES,  EARL  OP  ORRERY,  (q.  v.)  This  work  contains 
much  valuable  information  concerning  Irish  affairs.  The 
humorous  Epilogue  to  Ambrose  Philips's  Distressed  Mo 
ther,  which  was  one  of  the  most  popular  productions  of 
the  day,  and  kept  possession  of  public  favour  for  many 
years,  although  attributed  to  Budgell,  is  said  to  have  been 
written  by  Addison.  In  addition  to  the  works  enumerated, 
he  pub.  a  number  of  political  and  other  pieces,  and  some 
Poems  which  are  now  entirely  neglected.  Budgell's  style 
is  considered  to  be  a  very  happy  imitation  of  that  of  his 
friend  Addison;  and  Dr.  Johnson  declares  that  "Addi 
son  wrote  Budgell's  papers,  or  at  least  mended  them  so 
much  that  he  made  them  almost  his  own" — but  this  opinion 
seems  to  have  no  higher  authority  than  the  endorsement 
of  a  loose  surmise. 

"  To  have  entered  with  perfect  accuracy  into  the  conception  and 
keeping  of  a  character  so  original  as  that  of  Sir  Roger  de  Coverley, 
is  the  still  greater  merit  of  Budgell.  In  this  respect  he  is  cer 
tainly  superior  to  Steele ;  and  his  description  of  The  Hunt  in  No. 
116,  in  which  the  knight  makes  so  delightful  and  appropriate  a 
figure,  is  a  picture  that  we  would  not  exchange  for  volumes  of  me 
diocrity.  The  humour  and  wit  of  Budgell  appear  to  advantage 
In  several  of  his  communications ;  especially  in  his  Observation 
on  Beards,  (Spectator,  No.  331;)  on  Country  Wakes,  (No.  161;)  in 
his  relation  of  Will  Honeycomb's  Amours,  (No.  359;)  and  in  his 
detail  of  the  effects  of  the  Month  of  May  on  Female  Chastity,  (Nos. 
365  and  395.)  On  this  last  subject  he  has  copied  the  graceful  com 
position  and  sly  humour  of  Addison  with  peculiar  felicity ;  and 
his  admonitions  to  the  fair  sex  during  this  soft  and  seductive  sea 
son,  combine  such  a  mixture  of  pleasing  imagery,  moral  precept, 
and  ludicrous  association,  as  to  render  the  essays  which  convey 
them  some  of  the  most  interesting  in  the  Spectator." — Drake's 
Essays,  vol.  iii. 

Budgell,  Gilbert.     Sermon,  Lon.,  1690,  4to. 

Budgen,  John.     Med.  Con.  to  Phil.  Trans.,  1721. 

Budgen,  Richard.  Passage  of  the  Hurricane,  Ac., 
Lon.,  1730,  8vo. 

Budworth,  Joseph.     Poems,  Ac.,  1794,  '95,  '98,  8vo. 

Budworth,  Wm.     Sermons,  Lon.,  1732,  '45,  '46,  8vo. 

Bud  I,  Samuel,  D.D.,  a  native  of  Connecticut.  Ser 
mons,  <fcc.,  1761-87. 

Buerdsell,  James.  Discourses  &  Essays,  1700, 12mo. 

Butfa,  John,  M.D.  The  Army  Medical  Board,  1808. 
Travels  through  the  Empire  of  Morocco,  Lon.,  1810,  8vo. 

Bugg,  Francis,  a  member  of  the  "Society  called 
Quakers,"  changed  his  views,  and  wrote  a  number  of 
treatises  against  his  old  principles.  We  notice  a  few : 
New  Rome  arraigned,  and  out  of  her  own  mouth  con 
demned;  or  a  Discovery  of  the  Errors  of  the  Poxonian 
Quakers,  Lon.,  1694,  4to.  Quakerism  Withering,  and 
Christianity  Reviving,  1694,  4to.  Quakers  set  in  their 
True  Light,  1696,  4to.  Tracts  against  the  Quakers,  1697, 
8vo.  The  Picture  of  Quakerism,  Lon.,  1697,  12mo.  The 
Pilgrim's  Progress  from  Quakerism  to  Christianity,  Lon., 
1698, 4to.  Nine  other  treatises  against  the  Quakers,  1699- 

Bugg,  George.  Tract  on  Regeneration,  Lon.,  1816, 
12mo.  Scriptural  Geology,  Lon.,  1827,  8vo.  We  have 
noticed  this  work  under  BUCKLAND,  WM.,  D.D.  See  Fair- 
holme's  Phys.  Demons,  of  the  M.  Deluge,  Lon.,  1838,  8vo. 

Buggs,  Samuel.     Sermons,  Lon.,  1622,  4to, 

Buist,  George,  D.D.,  d.  1808,  aged  68,  a  native  of 

Scotland,  pub.  an  Abridgment  of  Hume,  1792;  a  version 

of  the  Psalms,  1796;    Sermon,  1805;   Sermons,  1809,  2 

ols.  8vo ;  and  contributed  some  articles  to  the  Brit.  Encyc. 

Buist,  Robert,  b.  1805  in  Scotland.  Settled  in  U.  S. 
1828.  Agricultural  and  horticultural  writer.  Amer. 
Flower  Garden  Directory,  Phila.,  1851, 12mo.  Rose  Manual, 
1847, 12mo.  Family  Kitchen  Gardener,  1851, 12mo.  Con- 
trib.  Magazine  of  Horticulture,  Florist,  Penn.  Farm  Jour 
nal,  Ac. 

Bulfinch,  Stephen  Greenleaf,  a  Unitarian  minis 
ter,  b.  1809,  Boston;  grad.  Columbia  Coll.,  D.C.,  1826 ; 
divinity  student,  Cambridge,  1827.  1.  Contemplations  of 
the  Saviour,  Bost.,  1832.  2.  Poems,  Charleston,  S.C.,  1834. 
3.  The  Holy  Land,  1834.  4.  Lays  of  the  Gospel,  1845. 
5.  Communion  Thoughts,  1852.  Contributor  to  the  Unita 
rian  Hymns. 

Bulfinch,  Thomas,  M.D.  Treatise  on  the  Scarlet 
and  Yellow  Fevers. 

Bulkeley,  Benjamin,  D.D.    Sermons,  1722,  '31. 


BUL 

Bulkeley,  or  Bulkley,  Edward,  D.D.  A  Dis 
course,  Ac.  of  Faults  in  the  Rhemish  version  of  the  New 
Testament,  Lon.,  1588,  4to.  Other  treatises  in  favour  of 
Protestantism,  1602,  '06. 

Bulkeley,  or  Bulkley,  John,  and  J.  Cummins. 
Voyage  to  the  South  Seas  in  1740-41,  Lon.,  1743,  8vo. 

Bulkeley,  Richard.     Sermons,  1685,  4to. 

Bulkley,  Charles,  1719-1797,  a  Dissenting  minister, 
was  a  grandson  of  the  excellent  Matthew  Henry,  the  bib 
lical  commentator.  He  was  first  a  Presbyterian,  subse 
quently  joined  the  General  Baptists,  and  adopted  Unita 
rian  views.  Notes  on  the  Bible,  pub.  from  the  author's 
MS.  by  Joshua  Toulmin,  D.D. 

"  These  notes  are  not  so  much  of  a  philological  as  of  an  expla 
natory  nature.  They  are  filled  with  what  the  author  considers 
parallel  passages  in  the  Greek  and  Roman  classics,  in  which  the 
same  moral  precepts  and  sentiments  occur.  Sometimes  the  coin 
cidence  appears  to  be  striking ;  at  other  times  the  correspondence 
is  far  from  marked." — Orme's  Bibl.  Bib. 

Fifteen  Sermons,  1761,  8vo. 

"  They  abound  in  salutary  admonitions  with  regard  to  our  reli 
gious  and  moral  conduct;  are  written  with  a  true  spirit  of  piety, 
in  a  clear  and  animated  style,  without  any  affectation  or  enthu 
siasm." — Lon.  Critical  Review. 

(Economy  of  the  Gospel,  1764,  4to.  Discourses  on  the 
Parables  and  Miracles  of  Christ,  1770-71,  4  vols.  8vo. 

"  The  author  writes  as  becomes  an  ingenious  and  sensible  man, 
and  in  an  agreeable,  instructive,  and  practical  manner." — Lon. 
Monthly  Review. 

Catechetical  Exercises,  1774,  12mo.  Other  theological 
works. 

Bulkley,  John.     Sermon,  1697,  4to. 

Bulkley,  John,  d.  1731,  first  minister  of  Colchester, 
Connecticut,  was  a  grandson  of  REV.  PETER  BULKLEY  (v. 
post.)  An  Election  Sermon,  1713.  An  Inquiry  into  the 
right  of  the  Aboriginal  Natives  to  the  lands  of  America, 
1724,  (reprinted  in  Mass.  Hist.  Coll.)  A  Tract  on  Infant 
Baptism,  1729. 

Bulkley,  Peter,  1583-1659,  first  minister  of  Concord, 
Massachusetts,  a  native  of  Woodhill,  Bedfordshire,  was 
educated  at,  and  became  Fellow  of,  St.  John's  College, 
Cambridge.  Being  silenced  by  Archbishop  Laud,  he  came 
to  New  England  in  1635,  and  was  one  of  the  first  settlers 
of  Concord,  Massachusetts.  The  Gospel  Covenant  Opened, 
Lon.,  1646,  4to.  Some  specimens  of  Mr.  Bulkley's  Latin 
poetry  will  be  found  in  Dr.  Mather's  History  of  New  Eng 
land. 

Bulkley,  Sir  Richard.  Horticultural  contributions 
to  Phil.  Trans.,  1693. 

Bull.     Farewell  Sermon,  Lon.,  1663,  4to. 

Bull,  Digby.     Sermons,  1695,  1706,  4to. 

Bull,  George,  D.D.,  1634-1710,  a  native  of  Wells, 
Somersetshire,  entered  Exeter  College,  Oxford,  1648 ;  be 
came  minister  of  St.  George's  near  Bristol ;  Rector  of 
Suddington-St.-Mary's,  1658;  Vicar  of  Suddington-St.- 
Peter's,  1662;  Prebendary  of  Gloucester,  1678;  Bishop 
of  St.  David's,  1705.  Bishop  Bull,  for  profound  learning, 
knowledge  of  Christian  antiquity,  and  eminent  piety,  was 
one  of  the  most  distinguished  ornaments  of  the  Church 
of  England.  Harmonia  Apostolica ;  seu  Binae  Disserta- 
tiones,  quarum  in  priore  Doctrina  D.  Jacobi  de  justifica- 
tione  ex  operibus  explanitur  et  defenditur,  in  posteriore 
consensus  D.  Pauli  cum  Jacobo  liquidd  demonstratur,  Ac., 
Lon.,  1670,  fol.;  reprinted,  Basil,  1740,  8vo;  a  trans,  by 
Thomas  Wilkinson,  1801,  8vo;  and  the  Harmonia  was 
pub.  in  Lib.  Anglo -Cath.  Theol.,  Oxf.,  1842,  8vo.  This 
Latin  Dissertation  was  written  eight  or  nine  years  before 
its  publication.  The  author  laboured  to  show 

"  That  good  works,  which  proceed  from  faith,  and  are  conjoined 
with  faith,  are  a  necessary  condition  required  from  us  by  God,  to 
the  end  that  by  the  new  and  evangelical  covenant,  obtained  by 
and  sealed  in  the  Blood  of  Christ,  the  Mediator  of  it,  we  may  be 
justified  according  to  his  free  and  unmerited  grace." 

Bishop  Bull  endeavoured  to  exhibit  this  doctrine  so  as  to 
"absolutely  exclude  all  pretensions  to  merit  on  the  part 
I  of  man,"  but  his  statements  were  unsatisfactory  to  many, 
and  were  opposed  by  Dr.  Morley,  Bishop  of  Winchester, 
,  Dr.  Barlow,  Charles  Gataker,  Joseph  Truman,  Dr.  Tully, 
|  John  Tombes,  Lewis  Du  Moulin,  and  M.  De  Marets.  The 
!  author,  nothing  daunted  by  such  a  host  of  adversaries, 
pub.  his  Examen  Censuraa  in  1675,  in  reply  to  Mr.  Gata 
ker,  and  his  Apologia  pro  Harmonia,  in  response  to  Dr. 
Tully ;  repub.  in  Lib.  Anglo-Cath.  Theol.,  Oxf.,  1843,  8vo. 
The  reader  will  find  an  account  of  the  controversy  in  Nel 
son's  Life  of  Bull. 

Defensio  Fidei  Nicenae  ex  Scriptus,  quae  extant  Catho- 

licorum  Doctorum,  qui  intra  prima  Ecclesiaa  Christianaa 

Ssecula  floruerunt,  Oxon.,  1685,  4to  :  a  new  trans,  pub.  in 

Lib.  Anglo-Cath.  Theol.,  Oxf.,  1851-52,  2  vols.  8vo.     This 

;  work,,  also  in  Latin,  increased  the  fame  of  the  author  both 


BUL 


BUL 


at  home  and  abroad,  whilst  it,  of  course,  provoked  great 
opposition  from  the  Socinians.     See  Nelson's  Life  of  Bull. 

"  Bull's  Defensio  is  recommended  by  the  erudition,  exactness, 
and  conciseness  with  which  it  is  written,  and  by  the  neatness  and 
elegance  of  its  style.  It  is,  perhaps,  the  best  work  which  a  person 
who  seeks  to  obtain  a  clear  and  comprehensive  knowledge  of  the 
R.  Catholic  Creed,  can  peruse." — CHARLES  BUTLER. 

"  The  doctrinal  parts  of  the  Christian  religion  are  summarily 
comprehended  in  the  Creeds  which  our  Church  has  adopted  into 
its  service.  You  need  (after  Pearson)  have  no  better  help  than 
Bishop  Bull's  Latin  works  in  defence  of  the  Nicene  Faith."— MR. 
PREBENDARY  KNOWLES. 

«  After  Dr.  Cudworth  came  Dr.  Bull,  author  of  the  Defence  of 
the  Nicene  Faith,  a  book  that  has  rendered  the  writer  of  it  very 
famous,  not  in  England  only  or  chiefly,  but  beyond  the  water. 
'Tis  composed  in  a  style  most  truly  Latin,  with  much  vivacity  of 
expression,  with  great  vigour  and  subtilty  of  thought :  in  short, 
'tis  worthy  of  the  noble  argument  of  which  he  treats.  This  au 
thor,  having  studied  the  Fathers  with  an  application,  diligence, 
and  observation  almost  peculiar  to  him,  perceived  that  the  schools 
have  departed  from  that  notion  of  the  Trinity  believed  and  pro 
fessed  by  some  of  the  principal  Fathers." — The  Unitarian  author  of 
The.  Judgment  of  a  disinterested  Person,  rf-c.,  ion.,  1696,  4to. 

The  following  testimony  from  the  celebrated  Bossuet 
deserves  to  be  quoted.  In  his  answer  to  M.  Jurieu,  he  re 
marks  that,  if  the  learned  treatises  of  Father  Thomassin 
and  the  preface  of  Father  Petau  are  neglected  by  the  op 
ponent  of  the  eternal  generation  of  the  Son, — then 

"  I  send  him  to  Bull,  that  learned  English  Protestant,  in  the 
treatise  where  he  hath  so  well  defended  the  Fathers  who  lived  be 
fore  the  Council  of  Nice.  You  must  either  renounce  the  Faith  of 
the  Holy  Trinity,  which  God  forbid,  or  presuppose  with  me  that 
this  author  hath  reason." 

We  give  some  other  quotations : 

"  The  best  books  against  the  Arians,  besides  Bishop  Pearson  on 
the  Creed,  are  Bishop  Bull's  works." — DR.  WOTTON. 

Bishop  Horsley  commends  the  accuracy  of  Dr.  Bull's 
citations  from  the  Fathers  of  the  first  three  centuries, 
"  confirming  the  Church  of  England  Faith,  and  refuting 
the  Unitarian." 

"  On  the  subject  of  a  sinner's  justification  before  God.  the  views 
of  this  distinguished  prelate  were  very  incorrect,  and  have  done 
immense  harm;  but  as  an  advocate  of  the  Catholic  doctrine  of  the 
Trinity,  declared  in  the  Nicene  Creed,  he  has  few  equals.  He  was 
a  man  of  immense  learning,  the  whole  of  which  he  has  brought 
to  bear  on  this  important  subject.  His  Life,  by  Robert  Nelson, 
Esq.,  is  one  of  the  finest  pieces  of  theological  biography  in  the 
English  language." — DR.  E.  WILLIAMS. 

In  both  of  the  above  opinions  Mr.  Bickersteth  concurs. 

Judiciam  Ecclesiae  Catholicae  trium  priorum  Seculorum 
de  necessitate  credendi  quod  Dominus  noster  Jesus  Chris- 
tus  sit  verus  Deus,  assertum  contra  M.  Simoneum  Episco- 
pium  aliosque,  1694.  In  English,  with  Life,  by  Rev.  T. 
Rankin,  York,  1825,  8vo.  This  work  (which  is  a  defence  of 
the  Anathema,  as  the  former  was  of  the  Faith,  declared  by 
the  First  Council  of  Nice)  was  sent  by  Mr.  Nelson  to  the 
famous  Bishop  of  Meaux,  Bossuet,  whose  commendation 
of  the  preceding  work  we  have  already  cited.  This  cele 
brated  prelate  transmitted 

"  Not  only  his  humble  thanks,  but  the  unfeigned  congratula 
tions  also  of  the  whole  clergy  of  France,  then  assembled  at  St. 
Germain's,  for  the  great  service  he  had  done  to  the  Catholic  Church 
In  so  well  defending  her  determination  concerning  the  necessity 
of  believing  the  Divinity  of  the  Son  of  God." 

But  the  Roman  Catholic  prelate  could  not  but  express 
his  surprise  that 

"  So  great  a  man,  so  weighty  and  solid  an  author,  could  continue 
a  moment  without  acknowledging  the  Church." 

He  begged  to  have  this  question  resolved,  and  Dr.  Bull, 
nothing  backward  in  defending  the  apostolicity  of  the 
Church  of  England,  drew  up  a  treatise  upon  the  subject, 
which  did  not  reach  Mr.  Nelson's  hands  until  just  as  he 
received  news  of  Bossuet's  death.  The  treatise  was,  how 
ever,  published,  Lon.,  1705-07,  8vo,  under  the  title  of  The 
Corruptions  of  the  Church  of  Rome,  in  relation  to  Eccle 
siastical  Government,  the  Rule  of  Faith,  and  Form  of  Di 
vine  Worship :  in  answer  to  the  Bishop  of  Meaux's  Queries. 
In  1703  Dr.  John  Ernest  Grabe  superintended  an  edi 
tion  of  his  Latin  works,  (the  author's  age  and  infirmities 
disabling  him  from  the  effort,)  pub.  in  1  vol.  folio.  Ro 
bert  Nelson,  author  of  The  Fasts  and  Festivals  of  the 
Church  of  England,  a  former  pupil  of  Bp.  Bull,  pub.  in 
1713,  4  vols.  8vo,  Seven  Sermons  and  other  Discourses, 
with  an  account  of  his  Life ;  new  edit.,  Oxf.,  1816,  3  vols. 
18mo;  again,  Oxf.,  1840,  8vo. 

"  This  Bishop's  sermons  are  compositions  of  the  highest  order-— 
learned,  forcible,  and  perspicuous,  they  always  excite  attention 
and  reward  it;  they  teach  us  that  the  practice  of  Christian  duties 
can  only  be  founded  on  the  faithful  acknowledgment  of  Chris 
tian  doctrine." 

A  Companion  for  the  Candidates  of  Holy  Orders,  or  the 
Great  Importance  and  Principal  Duties  of  the  Priestly 
Office,  1714,  12mo.  Recommended  by  Bishop  Burgess  to 
candidates  for  Holy  Orders.  It  is  reprinted  in  the  Cler 
gyman's  Instructor.  Vindication  of  the  Church  of  Eng 


land,  1719,  8vo.  Works  concerning  the  Trinity,  1730, 
2  vols.  8vo.  Apology  for  the  Harmony.  Primitive  Apos 
tolical  Tradition,  <fec.,  against  Daniel  Zwicker,  a  Prussian. 
Two  sermons  concerning  the  State  of  the  Soul  on  its  im 
mediate  separation  from  the  Body,  Ac.,  with  a  preface  by 
Leonard  Chappelow,  B.D.,  1764,  8vo.  The  Rev.  Edward 
Burton  pub.  a  revised  edition  of  the  Bishop's  works,  7  vols. 
in  8,  8vo,  Clarendon  Press,  Oxf.,  1827;  again  in  1846;  in 
which  will  be  found  the  Life  of  Nelson,  with  additions  by 
Mr.  Burton. 

"  His  works  are  esteemed  by  the  learned  as  one  of  the  mam  p»l- 
lars  of  orthodoxy." — BISHOP  WATSON.  • 

Perhaps  we  cannot  better  conclude  our  notice  of  this 
celebrated  divine  than  by  a  commendation  which  may  be 
useful  as  a  hint  in  some  quarters.  Dr.  Lupton  gives  the 
following  character  of  Bishop  Bull's  sermons  : 

"  He  abhorred  affectation  of  wit,  trains  of  fulsome  metaphors, 
and  nice  words  wrought  up  into  tuneful,  pointed  sentences,  with 
out  any  meaning  at  the  bottom  of  them.  He  looked  upon  sermons 
consisting  of  these  ingredients — which  should  be  our  aversion, 
and  not  our  aim — as  empty,  and  frothy,  and  trifling ;  as  inconsist 
ent  with  the  dignity  of  serious  and  sacred  subjects,  and  as  an  in 
dication  of  a  weak  judgment." — Letter  to  Robert  Nelson  in  Biog.  Brit. 

Bull,  G.  S.  Appeal  on  behalf  of  the  Factory  Chil 
dren,  Bradf.,  1832,  12mo.  Sermon  to  Coal  Miners,  Bradf., 
1834,  8vo. 

Bull,  Henry.  Christian  Prayers  and  Holy  Medita 
tions  as  well  for  Private  as  Publick  Exercises ;  collected 
by  H.  Bull,  8vo,  1566;  reprinted  for  The  Parker  Society, 
Camb.,  1842,  sm.  8vo. 

Bull,  Henry.  Extracts  from  Sermons,  Saffron  Wai- 
den,  1840,  12mo. 

Bull,  J.     Theolog.  and  other  works,  1805,  '13,  '14,  8vo. 

Bull,  John,  b.  about  1563,  d.  about  1622,  an  eminent 
musician,  and  professor  in  that  art  in  Gresham  College, 
was  a  native  of  Somersetshire.  The  Oration  of  Maister 
John  Bull,  Oct.  6th,  1597,  in  the  new-erected  Colledge  of 
Sir  Thomas  Gresham,  Knt.  Bull's  compositions  were  pub. 
in  sundry  collections  of  music.  See  Burney's  Music,  iii. 
166-14;  Ward's  Gresham  Professors;  Athen.  Oxon.;  and 
The  Harmonicon. 

Bull,  Joseph.     The  Unity  of  God,  1809,  8vo. 

Bull,  Michael.     Love  of  Country,  Sermon,  1715,  8vo. 

Bull,  Nicholas.     Sermons,  1805,  '20,  8vo. 

Bull,  Robert.     Sermons,  1714,  '15,  '23,  8vo. 

Bull,  Roger.  Under  this  name  was  pub.  Grobianus, 
or  the  Compleat  Booby,  an  Ironical  Poem,  translated  from 
the  Original  Latin  of  F.  Dedekindus,  by  R.  B.,  1739,  8vo. 

"  A  very  singular  and  humorous  work,  written  to  inculcate  good 
manners,  which  probably  presented  to  Swift  the  idea  of  his  Direc 
tions  to  Servants." 

Bull,  Thomas,  M.D.  Hints  to  Mothers  for  the  Ma 
nagement  of  their  Health,  Lon.,  8vo;  7th  ed.,  1851. 

"  There  is  no  mother  that  will  not  be  heartily  thankful  that  this 
book  ever  fell  into  her  hands,  and  no  husband  who  should  not 
present  it  to  his  wife.  We  cannot  urge  its  value  too  strongly  on 
all  whom  it  concerns." — Lon.  Eclectic  Review. 

"  We  recommend  it  to  our  readers ;  and  they  will  confer  a  bene 
fit  on  their  new-married  patients  by  recommending  it  to  them." — 
Brit,  and  For.  Med.  Review. 

The  Maternal  Management  of  Children,  in  Health  and 
Disease,  Svo;  3d  ed.,  1848. 

"  These  little  manuals  will  prove  useful  exactly  in  proportion 
to  the  extent  of  their  circulation.  The  best  thanks  of  the  profes 
sion,  as  well  as  of  all  intelligent  mothers,  are  due  to  Dr.  Bull  for 
I  these  excellent  little  works." — Lon.  Medical  Gazette. 

Bull,  W.  and  J.  P.     Church  at  Newport,  1811. 

Hn  I lar.  Henry,  of  Lincoln's  Inn,  and  Joseph  Bul- 
lar,  M.D.  A  Winter  in  the  Azores,  and  a  Summer  at  the 
Baths  of  the  Furnas  in  St.  Michael's,  Lon.,  1841, 2  vols.  Svo. 

"If  amusement  is  desirable  which  shall  excite  the  mind  with 
out  leaving  a  sensation  of  unprofitableness  behind  it,  we  scarcely 
know  how  it  could  be  presented  in  a  more  agreeable  form  than 
these  lively  volumes,  which,  for  this  purpose,  we  cordially  recom 
mend." — Lon.  Churchman's  Monthly  Review. 

"  Of  all  the  Tours  and  Travels  we  have  ever  read,  we  are  disposed 
to  think  it  the  most  agreeable  and  original."— Lon.  Examiner. 

Bullar,  John.  Tour  round  Southampton,  South., 
1807,  Svo. 

Bullar,  John.  Lay  Lectures  on  Christian  Faith  and 
Practice,  South.,  1844,  '46.  Questions  on  the  Holy  Scrip 
tures,  new  ed.,  1846,  18mo. 

"  The  author  has  evidently  taken  great  pains  to  render  his  work 
complete  and  serviceable." — Lon.  Eclectic  Review. 

Other  works. 

Bullard.  Con.  to  Phil.  Trans.,  1698;  onjthe  Magnet 
ism  of  Drills. 

Bullard,  Henry  A.,  and  J.  Curry.  New  Digest  of 
the  Statute  Laws  of  the  State  of  Louisiana,  from  the  change 
I  of  Government  to  the  year  1841,  inclusive,  vol.  i.  Svo,  New 
Orleans,  1842. 

Bullein,  William.     See  BULLETN. 


BUL 


BUL 


Bullen,  George,  an  assistant  librarian  of  the  British 
Museum.  Catalogue  of  the  Library  of  the  British  and 
Foreign  Bible  Society,  Lon.,  1857,  8vo. 

"An  accurate  and  well-compiled  catalogue.  The  author,  Mr. 
Bullen,  has  brought  all  his  own  Bibliographical  knowledge,  as 
one  of  the  librarians  of  the  British  Museum,  to  bear  upon  his 
work.  The  Bible  Society's  library  consists  of  about  five  thousand 
volumes,  printed  and  manuscript,  of  which  by  far  the  greater  part 
are  presents.  In  cataloguing  the  Scriptures,  the  plan  adopted  in 
the  British  Museum  has  been  followed ;  and  copious  cross-references 
have  been  given  from  the  names  of  all  editors,  translators,  anno- 
tators,  Ac.  upon  the  Bible  to  the  particular  edition  in  which  their 
labours  appear.  These  cross-references,  &c.  greatly  enhance  the 
value  of  this  catalogue.''—!.  H.  HORNE,  D.D.,  in  a  letter  to  the 
author  of  this  Dictionary,  Aug.  31, 1858. 

Bullen,  H.  St.  John.  1.  Grammar.  2.  Geography, 
1797,  '99. 

Buller,  Rt.  Hon.  Charles,  b.  1806,  at  Calcutta, 
d.  in  London,  1848.  Responsible  Government  for  Co 
lonies,  12mo :  originally  pub.  in  Colonial  Gaz.  Contrib. 
frequently  to  Morning  Chronicle,  Globe,  Edinburgh  Re 
view,  and  Westminster  Record. 

Buller,  Sir  Francis,  1745-1800,  a  Judge  of  the 
Court  of  King's  Bench  and  Common  Pleas,  was  a  grand 
son  of  Allen,  Earl  Bathurst.  He  was  distinguished  for 
profound  knowledge  of  the  Law.  An  Introduction  to  the 
Law  relative  to  Trials  at  Nisi  Prius,  with  copious  Annota 
tions,  7th  edit.,  Lon.,  1817,  r.  Svo;  former  edits.,  1767,  '72, 
'75,  '80,  '90,  '93  ;  pub.  in  New  York,  with  Notes  of  American 
Cases,  1806.  The  germ  of  this  work  was  written,  it  is  sup 
posed,  by  Mr.  Bathurst,  afterwards  Lord  Apsley,  and  was 
entitled  Institutes  of  the  Law  relative  to  Nisi  Prius,  1760, 
8vo.  Sir  Francis  Buller  enlarged  the  work,  and  pub.  it  as 
above. 

"Notwithstanding  its  defects,  from  the  judicial  station  of  the 
learned  author  whose  name  it  bears,  it  has  been  regarded  as  a 
work  of  considerable  authority.  Its  place  has  been  supplied  by 
later  works,  but  it  is  still  useful  because  it  contains  some  author 
ities  not  elsewhere  to  be  met  with."— Marvin's  Legal  Bibl. 

Buller,  W.  Chronological,  Biographical,  Historical, 
and  Miscellaneous  Exercises  for  Young  Ladies. 

Bulley,  Frederick,  President  of  St.  Mary  Magd. 
College,  Oxford.  A  Tabular  View  of  the  Variations  in  the 
Communion  and  Baptismal  Offices  of  the  Church  of  Eng 
land  from  1549  to  1662 ;  to  which  are  added  those  in  the 
Scotch  Prayer-Book  of  1637 ;  with  an  Appendix  illustra 
tive  of  the  Variations,  Oxf.,  1842,  8vo. 

Bulleyn,  or  Bullein,  William,  b.  about  1500,  in 
the  Isle  of  Ely,  d.  1576,  a  learned  physician  and  botanist, 
was  educated  at  Cambridge  and  Oxford.  The  Government 
of  Health,  Lon.,  1558,  '59,  8vo.  A  very  popular  work  in 
its  day.  Regimen  against  the  Pleurisie,  1562, 16mo.  Bul- 
warke  of  Defece  againste  all  sikness,  sornes,  and  woundes, 
that  dooe  daily  assaulte  mankinde,  «fcc.,  1562,  '72,  fol.  A 
Dialogue,  bothe  pleasaunte  and  pietifull ;  wherein  is  shewed 
a  goodlie  Regimente  against  the  Fever  of  Pestilence,  with 
a  Consolation  and  Comfort  against  Death,  1564,  '69,  '73,  '78, 
8vo.  Several  small  profess,  treatises  are  also  ascribed  to  our 
author. 

Bullingbroke,  Edward,  and  Jonah  Bilcher. 
An  Abridgt.  of  the  Statutes  of  Ireland,  <fcc.,  Dubl.,  1754, 
2  vols.  4to ;  continued  by  Francis  Vesey.  Duty  and  Au 
thority  of  the  Justices  of  Peace  and  Parish  Officers  for 
Ireland,  Dubl.,  1766,  4to. 

"  A  useful  work  in  its  day,  and  framed  very  much  upon  the  mo 
del  of  the  celebrated  work  of  his  brother  civilian,  Burn,  in  Eng 
land  ."—Pref.  to  Smythe's  Justice. 

Other  legal  treatises. 

Bullingham,  John.  Trans,  of  Joh.  Venseus's  Ora 
tion  in  defence  of  the  Sacrament  of  the  Aultaire,  1554, 8vo. 

Bullions,  Peter,  b.  1791  at  Perthshire,  Scotland, 
Prof.  Greek  and  Latin  in  the  Albany  Academy.  Principles 
of  Latin  Grammar.  Latin  Reader.  Caesar's  Commenta 
ries.  Cicero's  Orations.  Sallust.  Greek  Lessons  for  Be 
ginners.  Principles  of  Greek  Grammar.  Greek  Reader. 
Latin  Exercises.  Lessons  in  English  Grammar  and  Com 
position.  Principles  of  English  Grammar.  Progressive 
Exercises  in  Analysis  and  Parsing.  Introduction  to  Ana 
lytical  Grammar.  New,  or  Analytical  and  Practical  Eng 
lish  Grammar. 

Bullivant,  Benjamin.  Observations  on  Natural 
History,  made  in  New  England;  Phil.  Trans.,  1698. 

Bullivant,  Daniel,  Surgeon.  Case  of  Violent  Spasms 
which  succeeded  the  Amputation  of  an  Arm,  Ac. 

Bullman.     See  BULMAN. 

Bullocar.     See  BULLOKAR. 

Bullock,  Henry,  Fellow  of  Queen's  College,  Cam 
bridge,  1507;  D.D.,  1520;  Vice-Cbancellor,  1524, '25.  He 
was  a  correspondent  of  Erasmus,  (who  calls  him  Bovillus,) 
and  so  "  ripe  a  scholar"  that  Cardinal  Wolsey,  whose  chap 


lain  he  was,  selected  him  as  a  fit  antagonist  for  Luther. 
In  1513,  in  conjunction  with  Walden,  he  read  a  mathemati 
cal  lecture,  and  had  a  salary  from  the  University  for  it. 
He  was  one  of  the  twelve  preachers  sent  out  by  the  Uni 
versity  in  1515.  Tanner  fixes  the  date  of  his  death  in 
1526,  but  Dodd  says  that  he  was  living  in  1530.  1.  Do 
Captivitate  Babylonica  contra  Lutherum.  2.  Epistolae  et 
Orationes.  3.  De  Serpentibus  siticulosis;  trans,  from  the 
Greek  of  Lucian,  Camb.,  1521, 4to.  4.  Oratis  coram  Archie- 
piscopo  Eboracensi,  Camb.,  1521,  4to.  See  his  oration  in 
favour  of  Wolsey  in  Fiddes's  Life  of  the  Cardinal. 

Bullock,  H.  A.    History  of  the  Isle  of  Man,  1816,  8vo. 

Bullock,  J.  Lloyd,  Editor  of  Fresenius  and  Will's 
New  Method  of  Alkalimetry,  Lon.,  1843,  12mo. 

"  This  little  work  will  prove  of  the  highest  importance  to  calico 
printers,  bleachers,  dyers,  manufacturers  of  soap,  paper,  and  prus- 
siate  of  potash ;  also  to  chemists,  and  to  dealers  in  alkalies,  acids,  &c. 

To  Mr.  B.  we  are  also  indebted  (in  addition  to  this  Lect. 
on  Pharmacy,  1844,)  for  an  edition  of  Fresenius's  Elemen 
tary  Instruction  in  Chemical  Analysis,  as  practised  in  the 
Laboratory  of  Giessen.  Qualitative,  8vo.  Quantitative,  8vo. 

"  I  can  confidently  recommend  this  work,  from  my  own  personal 
experience,  to  all  who  are  desirous  of  obtaining  instruction  in  ana 
lysis,  for  its  simplicity  and  usefulness,  and  the  facility  with  which 
it  may  be  comprehended." — BARON  LIEBIG. 

Bullock,  Jeffrey.  One  Blow  more  against  Anti- 
Christ  Ministers,  the  downfall  of  whose  Ministry  hastens, 
Lon.,  1678,  4to. 

Bullock,  R.     Geography  Epitomized,  1810,  4to. 

Bullock,  Richard.     Sermons,  Lon.,  1754,  '89,  4to. 

Bullock,  Thomas.     Sermons,  Lon.,  1723-28. 

Bullock,  William.  Virginia  impartially  Examined, 
and  left  to  Public  View,  Lon.,  1649,  4to.  Dedicated  to  the 
Earl  of  Arundell  and  to  Lord  Baltimore. 

Bullock,William.  An  Earth  quake,  Phil.  Trans.,1755. 

Bullock,  William.  A  short  and  easy  Method  of 
preserving  Subjects  of  Natural  History,  1818. 

Bullokar,  John.  Eng.  Exposition  of  Hard  Words, 
1616,  8vo. 

Bullokar,  William.  Book  at  large  for  the  amend 
ment  of  Orthographia  for  English  speech,  Lon.,  1580,  4to. 
Mr.  Bullokar  believed  that  his  proposed  reform  would  not 
only  improve  his  own  tongue,  but  also  effect  "  an  entrance 
into  the  secretes  of  other  languages." 

This  production  Lowndes  ascribes  to  John  Bullokar,  but 
Watt  attributes  it  to  William ;  and  we  judge  the  latter  to 
be  correct,  as  the  author  promises  a  "  Grammar  to  be  im 
printed  hereafter ;"  and  Bullokar's  Bref  Grammar  for  Eng 
lish,  pub.  six  years  afterwards,  (1586,  16mo,)  is  ascribed 
by  both  Lowndes  and  Watt  to  William  Bullokar.  JEsop's 
Fables  in  Tru  Orthosraphy,  with  Grammar  Notz,  1585,  8vo. 

Bulman,  E.     Introduc.  to  Hebrew,  1795,  8vo. 

Bulman,  John.     Sermons,  1803,  '05,  4to. 

Bulmar,  Capt.  John.  Arts  and  Mysteries  for  a  Sol 
dier,  Mariner,  &c.,  and  other  works,  1641,  '43,  '49,  fol. 

Bulmer,  Agnes.  Messiah's  Kingdom;  a  Poem,  Lon., 
p.  8vo.  Scripture  Histories,  3  vols.  18mo.  Select  Letters, 
with  Notes  by  Bunting,  12mo.  Mem.  by  Anne  R.  Collinson. 

Bulmer,  Peter.     Sermons,  1803,  '05,  8vo. 

Bulstrode,  Edward,  1588-1659,  a  native  of  Buck 
inghamshire,  was  entered  of  St.  John's  College,  Oxford,  in 
1603,  whence  he  removed  to  the  Inner  Temple.  He  was  a 
favourite  of  Cromwell's,  and  in  1649  made  one  of  the  Jus 
tices  of  North  Wales.  A  Golden  Chain,  or  Miscellany  of 
divers  Sentences  of  the  Sacred  Scriptures,  <fcc.,  Lon.,  1657, 
8vo.  Reports  in  King's  Bench,  in  the  Reigns  of  Kings 
James  I.  and  Charles  I.,  in  3  parts ;  2d  edit.,  corrected,  <fcc., 
Lon.,  1688,  fol.;  1st  edit.,  1657,  '58,  '59,  fol.  There  is  an 
irregularity  in  the  paging  of  both  editions,  but  they  are 
perfect.  Bulstrode  took  his  reports  in  French,  and  trans, 
them  into  English.  He  is  said  to  have  adopted  the  excel 
lent  method  of  Plowden.  They  were  pub.  by  his  son. 

Only  a  portion  of  his  MS.  was  pub. : 

"  The  fittest  and  choicest  cases  out  of  these  reports  which  I  have 
with  no  small  care,  labour,  and  pains  collected  together." 

"  I  have  perused  divers  cases  in  these  reports,  and  I  think  they 
are  fit  to  be  published."— MATTHEW  H\LE. 

Bulstrode,  Sir  Richard,  eldest  son  of  the  above,  is 
said  to  have  died  at  the  advanced  age  of  101  years.  Let 
ters  to  the  Earl  of  Arlington,  Lon.,  1712,  Svo.  Essays  on 
Manners  and  Morals,  1715,  Svo.  Memoirs,  &c.  relative  to 
Charles  I.  and  Charles  II.,  1721,  Svo.  185  Elegies  and 
Epigrams  on  religious  subjects,  composed  at  the  age  of 
eighty. 

"  A  man  of  talents  and  considerable  learning,  and  in  his  political 
course  able  and  consistent." 

Bulstrode,  Whitelocke,  d.  1724,  aged  74,  Protho- 
notary  of  the  Marshal's  Court,  son  of  the  preceding.  An 
Essay  on  Transmigration,  Lon.,  1692,  8vo ;  in  Latin,  by 


BUL 


BUN 


Oswald  Dyke,  1725,  8vo.  Essays  Ecclesiastical  and  Civil, 
1706,  8vo.  Letters  between  him  and  Dr.  Wood,  1717,  8vo. 
Compendium  of  the  Crown  Laws,  1723,  8vo.  Three  Charges 
to  Grand  and  other  Juries,  1718,  8vo. 

Bulteel,  or  Bulteal,  John.  Translations  of  Amo 
rous  Oruntus  ;  a  Comedy,  Lon.,  1665,  4to.  Court  of  Rome, 
1668,  8vo.  Psalms  and  Songs,  1674,  8vo.  Abridged  Chro 
nology  of  France,  1683,  fol. 

Bulwer,  Sir  Edward  Lytton.     See  LYTTON. 

Bulwer,  Lady.     See  LADY  LYTTON. 

Bulwer,  Rt.  Hon.  Sir  Henry  Lytton  Earle, 
G.C.B.,  M.P.,  Privy  Councillor,  Diplomatist,  and  Author,  b. 
1804,  is  an  elder  brother  of  Sir  Edward  Lytton  Bulwer  Lyt 
ton.  Sir  Henry  has  filled  several  highly  responsible  diplo 
matic  positions,  with  great  credit  to  himself  and  honour  to 
his  country.  An  an  author,  also,  he  has  gained  consider 
able  reputation.  An  Autumn  in  Greece,  1824,  p.  8vo. 
France,  Social,  Literary,  and  Political,  2  vols.  p.  8vo.  The 
Monarchy  of  the  Middle  Classes,  2  vols.  p.  8vo,  1834-36. 
Sir  Henry  wrote  a  Life  of  Lord  Byron,  prefixed  to  a  Paris 
edition  of  his  lordship's  works. 

Bulwer,  John,  an  author  of  the  17th  century,  wrote 
several  books  on  Dactylology,  Dress,  Ac.  Chirologia,  or 
the  Natural  Language  of  the  Hand;  as  also  Chironomia, 
or  the  Art  of  Manual  Rhetorick,  Lon.,  1644,  8vo.  Philo- 
cophics,  1648,  8vo.  Pathomyotomia,  1649,  8vo.  Anthro- 
po-metamorphosis,  Man-transformed;  or  the  Changeling, 
shewing  the  various  ways  how  divers  People  alter  the 
Natural  Shape  of  some  part  of  their  Bodies,  Lon.,  1653, 
4to.  Of  this  curious  and  extravagant  work  an  account  will 
be  found  in  Oldys's  Brit.  Librarian,  367-72,  and  in  the  Lon. 
Retrospective  Review,  N.  S.,  ii.  205-17.  It  appears  that 
the  author  wrote  several  other  works  which  he  did  not  see 
fit  to  publish. 

"  From  Bulwer's  extravagance  some  illustration  is  thrown  upon 
one  portion  of  the  history  of  human  knowledge.  He  lived  in  an 
age  of  great  learning  and  of  little  judgment  ;  at  a  time  when  there 
was  a  voracious  appetite  for  information,  and  when  fact  and  faction 
•were  indiscriminately  gorged  and  devoured  by  all  who  sought  for 
the  reputation  of  learning."  —  Lon.  Retrosp.  Review. 

Bumpfield,W.  R.  Tropical  Dysentery,Lon.,1818,8vo. 

Bumstead,  Josiah  F.,  b.  1797  at  Boston.  Popular 
Series  of  Readers. 

Bunbury.     The  Church  Catechism,  Lon.,  1727,  12mo. 

Bunbury,  C.  J.  F.  A  Residence  at  the  Cape  of  Good 
Hope;  with  Notes  on  the  Natural  History  and  Native 
Tribes,  Lon.,  1848,  8vo. 

"  The  statesman  who  may  be  called  upon  to  discuss  or  decide  upon 
the  public  affairs  of  the  Cape,  the  emigrant  who  may  contemplate 
removing  his  cares  thither,  the  curious  inquirer  who  would  know 
the  rights  of  what  has  given  rise  to  so  much  controversy,  will  find 
Mr.  Bunbury  an  intelligent  and  candid  guide."—  Lon.  Examiner. 

Bunbury,  Henry.  Academy  for  Grown  Horsemen, 
Ac.,  by  Geoffrey  Gambado,  Esq.,  Riding  Master;  with  17 
engravings  of  equestrian  performances,  1787,  '91,  fol.  A 
humorous  work  which  still  attracts  attention. 

Bunbury,  Sir  Henry.  Narratives  of  the  Wars  with 
France,  1799-1810,  Lon.,  8vo.  Edited  Sir  Thomas  Han- 
mer's  Life  and  Correspondence,  Lon.,  1838,  8vo.  In  this 
valuable  work  will  be  found  letters  from  Burke,  Prior, 
Goldsmith,  Pope,  Garrick,  Dr.  Young,  Lord  Nelson, 
Crabbe,  <fcc. 

"  There  is  indeed  much  curious  literary  and  political  matter  in 
these  pages."—  ion.  Literary  Gazette. 

Bunbury,  Miss.  A  Visit  to  My  Birth  Place*  Thoughts 
in  Suffering.  Fear  Not. 

"  Christians,  while  here,  are  much  exposed  to,  and  frequently 
assailed  by,  formidable  spiritual  foes,  and  are  apt  to  give  place  to 
doubts  and  fears.  This  little  volume  is  prepared  to  inspire  them 
•with  confidence,  and  to  dissipate  their  fears,  and  is  well  adapted 
to  answer  the  end  designed."—  New  Method.  Connection  Mag. 

Bunbury,  Miss  Selina.  Coombe  Abbey;  a  Tale, 
1843,  8vo.  Evelyn  ;  a  Novel,  1849,  2  vols.  p.  8vo.  Even 
ings  in  the  Pyrenees,  1848,  2  vols.  p.  8vo.  Rides  in  the 
Pyrenees,  1844,  2  vols.  p.  8vo.  Star  of  the  Court  ;  or  the 
Maid  of  Honour  and  Queen  of  England,  Anne  Boleyn, 
1845,  p.  8vo. 

T°      int  *  m0r     *W*  female  ambition,  vanity,  and  light- 
g      '  and  *he  remarks  are    ust."- 


"A  more  appropriate  present  could  not  be  chosen."—  Btockwood's 
Lady  >  t  Mag. 

«  This  is  a  charming  little  volume,  containing  all  the  fascination 
Of  a  Romance,  with  the  sober  lessons  of  History  ."—BdhAs^mS 

Life  in  Sweden,  with  Excursions  in  Norway  and  Den 
mark,  Lon.,  2  vols. 

"  Two  delightful,  well-informed  volumes,  by  a  lady  of  much 
acuteness,  lively  imagination,  and  shrewd  observance.  The  work 
can  be  safely  recommended  to  the  reader  as  the  freshest,  and  most 
certainly  the  truthfullest,  publication  upon  the  North  that  has  of 
late  years  been  given  to  the  world."  —  Lon.  Observer. 

Russia  after  the  War,  1857,  2  vols.  p.  8vo.    Other  works.  J 
282 


Bunbury?  William.     Reports  of  Cases  in  the  Ex 
chequer,  from  the  Beginning  of  the  Reign  of  Geo.  I.  to 
14  Geo.  II.,  pub.  from  his  own  MSS. ;  by  G.  Wilson,  Lon 
1755,  fol.;  2d  edit,,  Dubl.,  1793,  8vo. 

"  Mr.  Bunbury  never  meant  that  these  cases  should  have  been 
published." — LORD  MANSFIELD. 

But  the  editor  was  Mr.  B.'s  son-in-law;  and  it  is  to  be 
presumed  that  he  was  correctly  informed  upon  the  subject. 

Bunce,  John.  St.  Chrysostom  Of  the  Priesthood;  in 
6  books;  trans,  from  the  Greek,  1759,  p.  8vo. 

Buncle,  John.     See  AMORY,  THOMAS. 

Buncombe,  Samuel.     Sermon,  1767,  8vo. 

Bundy,  John.  The  Roman  History  from  the  French 
of  Catron  and  Rouille,  Lon.,  1728,  6  vols.  fol. 

Bundy,  Richard,  D.D.,  d.  about  1739,  Prebendary 
of  Westminster.  Apparatus  Biblicus,  or  an  Introduction 
to  the  Holy  Scriptures,  from  the  French  of  Pere  Larny, 
Lon.,  1723,  4to.  Commended  by  Bishops  Watson  and 
Marsh.  The  English  trans,  contains  some  additional 
matter,  principally  taken  from  Lamy's  De  Tabernaculo 
Foederis.  Sermons,  1740,  2  vols.  8vo.  Sixteen  Sermons, 
1750,  8vo. 

"  Easiness  of  style  and  clearness  of  method  characterize  the 
sermons  of  this  author;  he  was  a  pleasing  and  instructive 
preacher." — Darling's  Cyc.  Bibl. 

Buiin,  Alfred.  Poems,  1816,  8vo.  The  Stage,  both 
before  and  behind  the  Curtain,  from  "  Observations  taken 
on  the  Spot/'  Lon.,  1840,  3  vols.  c.  8vo. 

"Full  of  curious  and  interesting  details  respecting  modem 
actors  and  the  present  state  of  the  drama." 

Old  England  and  New  England,  2  vols.  p.  8vo. 

Bunney,  or  Bunny,  Edmund,  1540-1617,  educated 
at  Oxford,  became  probationer  Fellow  of  Magdalen  Col 
lege,  and  was  appointed  Chaplain  to  Archbishop  Grindall. 
The  whole  Summe  of  Christian  Religion,  Lon.,  1576,  Svo. 
Abridgt.  of  Calvin's  Institutions,  1580,  Svo.  Certain 
Prayers,  <fcc.,  for  the  17th  November,  1585,  4to. 

"  This  work,  as  I  take  it,  gave  birth  to  the  Accession  form." — 
PECK. 

He  wrote  some  controversial  pamphlets  against  Parsons 
the  Jesuit,  and  pub.  some  other  theolog.  treatises. 

Bunney,  or  Bunny,  Edward.  Treatise  on  Pacifi 
cation,  Lon.,  1591. 

Bunney,  or  Bunny,  Francis,  1543-1617,  brother 
of  Edmund,  was  chosen  perpetual  Fellow  of  Magdalen 
College,  Oxford,  1562 ;  Archdeacon  of  Northumberland, 
1573.  He  wrote  four  Tracts  against  Popery,  1595,  1607. 
A  Survey  of  the  Pope's  Supremacy,  1595,  4to.  Exposition 
of  Romans  iii.  28,  1616,  4to.  Guide  to  Godliness,  1617, 
Svo.  He  left  a  Commentary  on  Joel,  in  MS. 

"  This  person  was  very  zealous  in  the  way  he  professed,  was  a 
great  admirer  of  Jo.  Calvin,  a  constant  preacher,  charitable,  and  a 
stiff  enemy  to  Popery." — Athen.  Oxon. 

Bunning,  Charles.     Peace  in  our  Power,  1798,  8vo. 

Bunow,  Rev.  E.  J.     Elements  of  Conchology,  1815. 

Bunting,  Edward.  A  General  Collection  of  the 
Ancient  Music  of  Ireland,  consisting  of  upwards  of  165 
Airs,  Lon.,  1840,  4to.  The  importance  of  this  work  to  a 
proper  understanding  of  ancient  Irish  musical  science, 
need  not  be  enlarged  upon. 

Bunting,  Henry.  Itinerarium  totius  Sacrse  Scrip- 
turae ;  or  the  Travels  of  the  Holy  Patriarchs,  Prophets, 
Judges,  Kings,  our  Saviour  Christ,  and  his  Apostles,  Ac., 
Lon.,  1629,  4to.  There  have  been  several  foreign  editions 
of  this  work.  Chronologia  Servestae,  1590.  Itinerarium 
et  Chronicon  totius  S.  Scripturse,  Magdeb.,  1598,  fol.  Di- 
visio  et  Distributio  Terrae  Canaan,  <fcc.,  Magdeb.,  1597. 
Chronologia  Catholica,  Magdeb.,  1606,  fol.;  trans,  into 
German,  Magdeb.,  1608,  fol. 

Bunting,  Jabez,  D.D.,  1778-1858,  the  "Hercules 
of  modern  Methodism,"  was  a  native  of  Manchester,  Eng 
land.  A  Great  Work  Described  and  Recommended ;  in  a 
Sermon,  1805,  Svo.  Justification  by  Faith;  a  Sermon, 
1812,  Svo ;  7th  edit.,  Lon.,  1847,  Svo.  Memorials  of  the 
late  Rev.  Richard  Watson,  including  a  Funeral  Sermon 
on  John  viii.  51,  Lon.,  1833,  Svo. 

Bunworth,  Richard.     Med.  Works,  <fcc.,  1656,  '62. 

Bunyan,  Humphrey.  Epithalamiurn  on  a  recent 
Marriage,  1812. 

Bunyan,  John,  1628-1688,  is  one  of  the  most  remark 
able  instances  of  the  acquisition  of  great  fame  where  no 
thing  was  designed  but  the  simple  discharge  of  duty.  He 
was  the  son  of  a  tinker  residing  at  Elstow  in  Bedfordshire : 

"  For  my  descent  then,  it  was,  as  is  well  known  by  many,  of  a 
low  and  inconsiderable  generation,  my  father's  house  being  of  that 
rank  that  is  meanest  and  most  despised  of  all  the  families  of  the 
land." — A  utobiography. 

By  his  father's  care,  who  taught  him  his  own  trade,  he 
was  placed  at  school,  where  he  obtained  the  first  rudiments 
of  an  English  education : 


BUN 


BUN 


"  Though  to  my  shame,  I  confess,  I  did  soon  lose  that  I  had 
learned,  even  almost  utterly,  and  that  long  before  the  Lord  did 
work  his  gracious  work  of  conversion  upon  my  soul." 

His  youth  gave  little  promise  of  the  exemplary  piety 
for  which  he  was  afterwards  noted.  Some  of  his  modern 
biographers  have  taken  strange  liberties  with  the  facts  of 
the  case,  by  seeking  to  represent  his  character  at  this 
period  as  much  better  than  it  really  was.  If  we  can  be 
lieve  his  own  words,  he  led  a  very  dissolute  life,  and  seems 
anxious  to  acknowledge  his  transgressions,  that  he  might 
magnify  the  mercy  which  snatched  him  from  the  "horri- 
vi~  „:*  — A  *i —  ~:-.r  «io-n.  >>  " 


heen  written  during  Bunyan's  imprisonment,  which  terminated 
in  1672,  it  was  probably  published  before  his  release,  or,  at  latest, 
immediately  after  it." 

It  had  reached  the  tenth  edition  in  1685  !  Bunyan,  in 
the  preface  to  the  second  part,  published  in  1684,  com 
plains  that 

"  Some  have  of  late,  to  counterfeit 
My  Pilgrim,  to  their  own  my  title  set; 
Yea,  others,  half  my  name  and  title  too, 
Have  stitched  to  their  books,  to  make  them  do." 
If  not  very  poetical,  this   is   sufficiently    significant 
The  third  part,  denied  to  be  Bunyan's,  appeared  in  1693. 


ble  Pit^and  the  miry  clay/'  ^  Such  histances^of  J'  Grace  ,  It  hag  been  SUggested  that  the  hint  of  the  Pilgrim's  Pro- 

from  an  allegory  written  by  the   Rev. 


Abounding"  are  of  great  value,  and  should  teach  us  never  j 

to  despair  of,  nor  cease  to  labour  for,  the  reformation  and  i  Richard  Bernard,— The  Isle  of  Man;  or  Legal  Proceed- 

cpnversion  of  the  most  vicious.     He  tells  us,  with  his  own,    ingg  in  Manshire  against  Sin)  LoDv  1627  .  this  work  seems 


simple  pathos,  the  manner  in  which  his  conscience  re 
ceived  an  impression  which  led  to  the  happiest  results  for 
his  future  character: 

"  As  I  was  standing  at  a  neighbour's  shop-window,  and  there 
cursing  and  swearing  after  my  wonted  manner,  there  sat  within 
the  woman  of  the  house,  who  heard  me;  and  though  she  was  a 
very  loose  and  ungodly  wretch,  yet  protested  that  I  swore  and 
cursed  at  that  most  fearful  rate,  that  she  was  made  to  tremble  to 
hear  me.  ...  At  this  reproof,  I  was  silenced,  and  put  to  secret 
shame,  and  that,  too,  as  I  thought,  before  the  God  of  Heaven ; 
wherefore,  while  I  stood  there,  hanging  down  my  head,  I  wished 
that  I  might  be  a  little  child  again,  that  my  father  might  learn  me 
to  speak  without  this  wicked  way  of  swearing." 

What  an  encouragement  is  this  to  reprove  profanity, 
and,  indeed,  to  proffer  good  advice  even  to  those  who  seem 
the  most  unlikely  to  be  edified  !  "  Blessed  are  they  that 
sow  beside  all  waters."  "  Thou  knowest  not  which  shall 
prosper,  this  or  that." 

At  the  early  age  of  nineteen,  he  married  a  wife  "whose 
father  and  mother  were  counted  godly."  This  connex 
ion  was  of  great  advantage  to  him:  his  immoral  habits 
were  laid  aside,  and  he  was  so  much  pleased  with  this 
improvement,  that  he  tells  us,  "I  thought  no  man  in 
England  could  please  God  better  than  I."  He  was  fa 
voured  with  more  correct  views  both  of  his  own  depra 
vity,  and  of  the  justifying  grace  which  is  in  Christ  Jesus; 
and  in  the  year  1653  he  was  considered  qualified  for  ad 
mission  into  a  Baptist  congregation  at  Bedford.  Two 
years  later,  on  the  death  of  the  pastor,  he  was  urged  to 
preach  to  the  congregation,  at  least  for  a  season.  He  was 
eagerly  heard  both  in  Bedford  and  in  the  adjoining  parts 
of  the  country.  After  preaching  for  some  five  years,  Justice 
Wingate,  who  declared  he  would  break  the  neck  of  such 
meetings,  issued  an  indictment  against  him,  which  ran  in 
these  words  : 

"  John  Bunyan  hath  devilishly  and  perniciously  abstained  from 
coming  to  church  to  hear  divine  service,  and  is  a  common  upholder 
of  several  unlawful  meetings  and  conventicles,  to  the  disturbance 
and  distraction  of  the  good  subjects  of  this  kingdom,  contrary  to 
the  laws  of  our  sovereign  lord  and  king." 

He  was  cast  into  Bedford  jail,  where  were  about  sixty 
Dissenters,  and 

"  Here  with  only  two  books, — the  Bible  and  Fox's  Book  of  Mar 
tyrs, — he  employed  his  time  for  twelve  years  and  a  half,  in  preach 
ing  to,  and  praying  with,  his  fellow-prisoners,  in  writing  several 
of  his  works,  and  in  making  tagged  laces  for  the  support  of  him 
self  and  family." — DR.  BARLOW. 

^  Bishop  Lincoln — to  his  praise  be  it  recorded — procured 
his  enlargement  in  1672.  He  visited  his  religious  brethren1 
in  various  parts  of  England,  exhorting  them  to  good  works 
and  holiness  of  life;  by  these  visitations,  he  acquired  the 
name  of  Bishop  Bunyan.  When  James  II.  issued  his 
proclamation  for  liberty  of  conscience  to  Dissenters,  Bunyan 
built  a  meeting-house  at  Bedford.  He  annually  visited 
his  Baptist  brethren  in  London,  where  such  was  his  popu 
larity  that  the  meeting-house  was  too  strait  for  his  hearers. 
During  one  of  these  journeys,  he  was  overtaken  by  a 
violent  storm  of  rain,  from  which  he  contracted  a  cold, 
which  ended  fatally,  at  his  lodgings  in  Snow-hill,  August 

Bunyan  wrote  many  works  ;  it  is  said  as  many  as  he  was 
years  of  age,  (60,)  but  is  chiefly  known  by  that  wonderful 
production,  "  Pilgrim's  Progress,"  the  fruit  of  his  imprison 
ment,  and,  we  had  almost  said,  valuable  enough  to  recon 
cile  us  to  the  wickedness  of  that  persecuting  spirit  that 
thus  unwittingly  educed  good  from  evil.  But,  no ;  we  abhor 
the  crime,  while  we  rejoice  that  it  was  overruled  to  such 
happy  results.  In  accordance  with  what  we  esteem  one 
of  the  most  valuable  features  of  our  work,  we  shall  pro 
ceed  to  give  the  opinions  of  various  eminent  authorities 
upon  the  merits  of  the  best-known  uninspired  allegory 
which  has  been  composed  by  the  wit  of  man. 

"  It  is  not  known,"  says  Dr.  Southey,  (who  has  written  the  life 
of  Bunyan,)  '•  in  what  year  '  The  Pilgrim's  Progress'  was  first 
published ;  no  copy  of  the  first  edition  having  as  yet  been  dis 
covered.  The  second  is  in  the  British  Museum ;  it  is  with  addi 
tions,  and  its  date  is  1678.  But  as  the  work  is  known  to  have 


to  have  been  as  popular  as  Bunyan's,  having  also  reached 
the  tenth  edition  in  eight  years, — 1635.  Bunyan's  Pil 
grim  has  been  translated  into  almost  every  modern  Euro 
pean  tongue,  and  is  perhaps  the  most  popular  religious 
work  ever  written. 

"  If  this  work  is  not  a  '  well  of  English  undefiled,'  it  is  a  clear 
stream  of  current  English,  the  vernacular  speech  of  his  age ;  some 
times,  indeed,  in  its  rusticity  and  coarseness,  but  always  in  its 
plainness  and  its  strength.  To  this  natural  style,  Bunyan  is  in 
some  degree  beholden  for  his  general  popularity ;  his  language  is 
everywhere  level  to  the  most  ignorant  reader,  and  to  the  meanest 
capacity:  there  is  a  homely  reality  about  it;  a  nursery  tale  is  not 
more  intelligible  in  its  manner  of  narration  to  a  child.  Another 
cause  of  his  popularity  is,  that  he  taxes  the  imagination  as  little 
as  the  understanding.  The  vividness  of  his  own  imagination  is 
such,  that  he  saw  the  things  of  which  he  was  writing  as  distinctly 
with  his  mind's  eye  as  if  they  were  indeed  passing  before  him  in 
a  dream.  And  the  reader,  perhaps,  sees  them  more  satisfactorily 
to  himself,  because  the  outline  only  of  the  picture  is  presented  to 
him,  and  the  author  having  made  no  attempt  to  fill  up  the  details, 
every  reader  supplies  them  according  to  the  measure  and  scope  of 
his  own  intellectual  and  imaginative  powers." — SOUTHET. 

Mr.  Ivimey,  another  biographer  of  Bunyan's,  thus 
speaks  of  the  basis  of  this  allegory : 

"  The  plan  of  this  work  is  admirable,  being  drawn  from  the  cir 
cumstances  of  his  own  life,  as  a  stranger  and  pilgrim,  who  had 
left  the  '  City  of  Destruction'  upon  a  journey  towards  the '  Celestial 
Country.'  The  difficulties  he  met  with  in  his  determination  to 
serve  Jesus  Christ,  suggested  the  many  circumstances  of  danger 
through  which  this  pilgrim  passed.  The  versatile  conduct  of 
some  professors  of  religion,  suggested  the  different  characters  which 
Christian  met  with  in  his  way ;  these,  most  probably,  were  persons 
whom  he  well  knew,  and  who,  perhaps,  would  be  individually 
read  at  the  time." 

Bunyan  seems  to  have  been  sorely  perplexed  by  the 
conflicting  advice  of  his  friends  as  to  the  expediency  or 
otherwise  of  printing  his  "  little  book  :" 

"  Some  said,  John,  print  it ;  others  said,  Not  so ; 

Some  said  it  might  do  good,  others  said,  No." 
Thus  differently  advised, 

"  Now  was  I  in  a  strait,  and  did  not  see 

Which  was  the  best  thing  to  be  done  by  me." 

He  decided,  as  authors  generally  do  in  such  cases: 

"  At  last  I  thought,  since  you  are  thus  divided, 

I  print  it  will ;  and  so  the  case  decided." 
"Ingenious  dreamer!  in  whose  well-told  tale 
Sweet  fiction  and  sweet  truth  alike  prevail; 
Whose  humorous  vein,  strong  sense,  and  simple  style, 
May  teach  the  gayest,  make  the  gravest  smile; 
Witty,  and  well  employed,  and,  like  thy  Lord, 
Speaking  in  parables  his  slighted  word ; — 
I  name  thee  not,  lest  so  despised  a  name 
Should  move  a  sneer  at  thy  deserved  feme." — COWPER. 
It  is  a  curious  fact  that  Bunyan's  prison  companion, 
Fox's  Book  of  Martyrs,  (his  only  book  save  the  Bible,) 
was  sold  in  1780  to  Mr.  Wantner  of  the  Priories ;  it  was 
inherited  by  his  daughter,  Mrs.  Parnell  of  Botolph  Lane  ; 
and  afterwards  purchased  by  subscription  for  the  Bedford 
shire  General  Library.     It  is  enriched  with  the  poor  pri 
soner's  annotations,  in  rhyme,  one  of  which  we  quote ;  it 
is  a  comment  upon  the  account  of  Gardiner's  death : 
"  The  blood,  the  blood  that  he  did  shed 
Is  felling  on  his  one  [own]  head ; 
And  dreadful  it  is  for  to  see 
The  beginers  of  his  misere." 

Bunyan  had  a  talent  for  repartee.  A  Quaker  visited 
him  in  Bedford  jail,  and  declared  that  by  the  order  of  the 
Lord  he  had  sought  for  him  in  half  the  prisons  of  England. 
"  If  the  Lord  had  sent  you,"  replied  the  prisoner,  «  you  need 
not  have  taken  so  much  trouble  to  find  me  out;  for  the  Lord 
knows  that  I  have  been  a  prisoner  in  Bedford  jail  for  the  last 
twelve  years." 

Mr.  Granger  remarks, 

"  Bunyan,  who  has  been  mentioned  among  the  least  and  lowest 
of  our  writers,  and  even  ridiculed  as  a  driveller  by  those  who  had 
never  read  him,  deserves  a  much  higher  rank  than  is  commonly 
imagined  His  Pilgrim's  Progress  gives  us  a  clear  and  distinct 
idea  of  Calvinistic  divinity.  In  the  first  part,  the  allegory  is  ad 
mirably  carried  on,  and  the  characters  justly  drawn,  and  uniformly 
supported.  The  author's  original  and  poetic  genius  shines  through 
the  coarseness  and  vulgarity  of  his  language,  and  intimates  that 
if  he  had  been  a  master  of  numbers,  he  might  have  composed  a 


BUN 


BUN 


poem  worthy  of  Spenser  himself.  As  this  opinion  may  be  deemed 
paradoxical,  I  shall  venture  to  name  two  persons  of  eminence  of 
the  same  sentiments;  one,  the  late  Mr.  Merrick  of  Reading;  the 
other,  Dr.  Roberts,  now  Fellow  of  Eton  College." 

"  Mr.  Merrick  has  been  heard  to  say,  in  conversation,  that  his  in 
vention  was  like  that  of  Homer." 

Lord  Kames  makes  a  remark  of  a  similar  character ;  he 
describes  the  Pilgrim's  Progress  as 

"  Composed  in  a  style  enlivened,  like  that  of  Homer,  by  a  proper 
mixture  of  the  dramatic  and  narrative,  and  upon  that  account  it 
has  been  translated  into  most  European  languages." 
Dean  Swift  declared,  that 

"  He  had  been  better  entertained,  and  more  informed,  by  a 
chapter  in  the  Pilgrim's  Progress,  than  by  a  long  discourse  upon 
the  will  and  intellect,  and  simple  or  complex  ideas." 

Dr.  Radcliffe  terms  this  allegory  a  "  phoenix  in  a  cage." 
"  Honest  John  Bunyan  is  the  first  man  I  know  of,  who  has  min 
gled  narrative  and  dialogue  together ;  a  mode  of  writing  very  en 
gaging  to  the  reader,  who,  in  the  most  interesting  passages,  finds 
himself  admitted,  as  it  were,  into  the  company,  and  present  at  the 
conversation."— DR.  FRANKLIN. 

"  Bunyan's  Pilgrim  was  a  Christian,  but  Patrick's  only  a  Pedlar." 
When  Charles  II.  expressed  his  surprise  to  Dr.  Owen 
that  a  man  of  his  learning  could  "  sit  and  hear  an  illite 
rate  tinker  prate,"  the  doctor  answered : 

"  May  it  please  your  majesty,  could  I  possess  that  tinker's  abi 
lities  for  preaching,  I  would  most  gladly  relinquish  all  my  learn 
ing." 

Mr.  Conder,  in  his  biographical  sketch  of  our  author, 
has  vindicated  him  from  some  erroneous  representations 
which  he  considers  Dr.  Southey  to  have  made  in  his  Life 
of  Bunyan.  In  the  good  tinker's  own  day,  "  erroneous 
representations"  of  him  were  not  unknown,  for  we  find  an 
account  of  a  work  with  this  most  ungracious  title — Dirt 
wiped  out,  or  a  manifest  Discovery  of  the  gross  Ignorance, 
Erroneousness,  and  most  unchristian  and  wicked  spirit  of 
one  John  Bunyan,  Lay  preacher  in  Bedford,  <fcc.,  Lon., 

1672,  by .     But  we  forbear  to  give  the  author's  name. 

Those  who  desire  to  have  a  faithful  account  of  the  strug 
gles  and  trials  of  Bunyan,  should  read  his  Grace  Abound 
ing  to  the  Chief  of  Sinners ;  nor  should  The  Holy  War 
made  by  King  Shaddai  upon  Diabolus,  <fcc.  be  neglected. 
Of  the  Pilgrim's  Progress  Mr.  Joseph  Ivimey  wrote  a  con 
tinuation,  of  which  Lowndes  thus  speaks  : 

"  The  allegory  is  in  many  places  singularly  well  sustained,  and 
the  performance  is  in  every  way  creditable  to  the  talents  and  in 
formation  of  the  writer." 

"Bunyan's  Pilgrim's  Progress  and  The  Holy  War  are  inimitable 
specimens  of  genius  and  humour  in  the  service  of  experimental 
religion.  His  works  display  an  original  genius,  depth  of  Christian 
experience,  and  much  greater  precision  of  thought  and  expression 
than  might  have  been  expected  from  a  man  who  made  no  preten 
sions  to  literature." — DR.  WILLIAMS. 

"  Bedford  jail  was  that  den  wherein  Bunyan  dreamed  his  dream : 
The  Pilgrim's  Progress,  a  book  which  the  child  and  his  grand 
mother  read  with  equal  delight;  and  which,  more  than  almost 
any  other  work,  may  be  said  to  be 

1  Meet  for  all  hours,  and  every  mood  of  man,' 
was  written  in  prison,  where  Bunyan  preached  to  his  fellow-pri 
soners,  supported  his  family  by  making  tagged  laces,  and  filled  up 
his  leisure  by  writing  a  considerable  part  of  two  folio  volumes. 
The  work  by  which  he  immortalized  himself  grew  from  a  sudden 
thought  which  occurred  while  he  was  writing  in  a  different  strain. 
Its  progress  he  relates  oddly  enough  in  his  rhyming  apology,  but 
more  curiously  in  some  verses  prefixed  to  the  Holy  War : 
'  It  came  from  mine  own  heart,  so  to  my  head, 
And  thence  into  my  fingers  trickeled ; 
So  to  my  pen,  from  whence  immediately, 
On  paper  I  did  dribble  it  daintily.' 

These  curious  verses  conclude  with  an  anagram,  made  in  noble 
contempt  of  orthography. 

'  Witness  my  name ;  if  anagram'd  it  be, 
The  letters  make  Nu  hony  in  a  B.' 

.  .  .  Blind  reasoners,  who  do  not  see  that  it  is  to  their  intellect, 
not  to  their  principles  of  dissent,  that  Milton  and  Bunyan  and 
De  Foe  owe  their  immortality !  strange  company,  we  confess,  but 
each  incomparable  in  his  way."— Lon.  Quarterly  Review. 

"  I  know  of  no  book,  the  Bible  excepted,  as  above  all  compari 
son,  which  I,  according  to  my  judgment  and  experience,  could  so 
safely  recommend  as  teaching  and  enforcing  the  whole  saving 
truth,  according  to  the  mind  that  was  in  Christ  Jesus,  as  the  Pil 
grim  s  Progress.  It  is,  in  my  conviction,  incomparably  the  best 
Summa  Theologicae  Evangelicse  ever  produced  by  a  writer  not 
miraculously  inspired.  ...  It  is  composed  in  the  lowest  style  of 
English,  without  slang  or  false  grammar.  If  you  were  to  polish 
it,  you  would  at  once  destroy  the  reality  of  the  vision.  For  works 
ot  imagination  should  be  written  in  very  plain  language'  the 
more  purely  imaginative  they  are,  the  more  necessary  it  is  to  be 
plain.  This  wonderful  book  is  one  of  the  few  books  which  may 
be  read  repeatedly,  at  different  times,  and  each  time  with  a  new 
and  a  different  pleasure.  I  read  it  once  as  a  theologian,  and  let 
me  assure  you  that  there  is  great  theological  acumen  in  the  work  • 
once  with  devotional  feelings;  and  once  as  a  poet.  I  could  not 
have  believed  beforehand,  that  Calvinism  could  be  painted  in 
such  delightful  colours." — COLERIDGE. 

It  is  no  slight  evidence  of  the  great  merit  of  our  author 
that  critics  of  such  opposite  tastes  in  many  particulars,  vie 
with  each  other  in  commendation  of  the  Tinker  of  Bed 
ford.  Hear  Dr.  Johnson  on  this  theme : 


"  April  30, 1773.  Johnson  praised  John  Bunyan  highly.  His 
Pilgrim's  Progress  has  great  merit,  both  for  invention,  imagina 
tion,  and  the  conduct  of  the  story ;  and  it  has  had  the  best  evi 
dence  of  its  merit,  the  general  and  continued  approbation  of  man 
kind.  Few  books,  I  believe,  have  had  a  more  extensive  sale.  It 
is  remarkable,  that  it  begins  very  much  like  the  poem  of  Dante; 
yet  there  was  no  translation  of  Dante  when  Bunyan  wrote.  There 
is  reason  to  think  that  he  had  read  Spenser." — Hoswell's  Life  of 
Johnson. 

"Perhaps  there  is  no  book,  with  the  single  exception  of  the 
Bible,  that  has  been  so  widely  diffused,  translated  into  so  many 
languages,  and  that  is  fitted  to  take  so  firm  a  hold  of  the  minds 
both  of  old  and  young,  of  learned  and  unlearned,  as  the  Pilgrim's 
Progress.  Its  unity  of  design  and  fertility  of  invention,  the  poetic 
fancy  it  displays,  and  the  graphic  faithfulness  of  the  pictures  it 
contains  both  of  life  and  manners ;  these,  together  with  its  scrip 
tural  truth  and  great  practical  utility,  have  obtained  for  this  de- 
Kghtful  allegory  a  popularity  no  less  great  than  it  promises  to  be 
enduring.  Its  merits,  indeed,  are  incontestable." — DR.  JAMIESON. 

"  It  is,  indeed,  one  of  the  most  extraordinary  productions  of  any 
age  or  country;  and  its  popularity  is,  perhaps,  unrivalled.  .  .  . 
Though  upon  the  most  serious  of  subjects,  it  is  read  by  children 
with  as  much  pleasure  as  are  the  fictions  written  professedly  for 
their  amusement." — MILLS. 

"Bunyan  is  unjustly  despised  by  some;  his  natural  talents 
and  evangelical  principles  and  piety  are  admirable." — BICKER»TETH. 

"In  what  then  consists  the  peculiar  charm  of  this  strange  and 
original  fiction — a  charm  which  renders  the  rude  pages  of  Bunyan 
as  familiar  and  delightful  to  a  child  as  they  are  attractive  to  the 
less  impressionable  mind  of  critical  manhood?  It  is  the  homely 
earnestness,  the  idiomatic  vigour  of  the  style ;  it  is  the  fearless 
straightforwardness  of  the  conceptions,  and  the  inexhaustible  rich 
ness  of  imagery  and  adventures." — PROF.  T.  B.  SHAW. 

"  What  an  illustrious  instance  of  the  superiority  of  goodness 
over  learning !  Who  now  reads  the  learned  wits  of  the  reign  of 
Charles  the  Second  ?  Who  comparatively  reads  even  Dryden,  or 
Tillotson,  or  Barrow,  or  Boyle,  or  Sir  William  Temple?  Who  has 
not  read,  who  will  not  read,  the  immortal  epic  of  John  Bunyan  ? 
Who  does  not,  who  will  not  ever,  with  Cowper, 

*  Revere  the  man  whose  pilgrim  marks  the  road, 
And  guides  the  progress  of  the  soul  to  God  V  " 

C.  D.  CLEVELAND. 

"  Disraeli  has  well  designated  Bunyan  as  the  Spenser  of  the 
people ;  every  one  familiar  with  his  Faery  Queen  must  acknow 
ledge  the  truth  of  the  description.  If  it  were  not  apparently  in 
congruous,  we  would  call  him,  in  another  score,  the  spiritual 
Shakspeare  of  the  world :  for  the  accuracy  and  charm  with  which 
he  has  delineated  the  changes  and  progress  of  the  spiritual  life, 
are  not  less  exquisite  than  that  of  Shakspeare  in  the  Seven  Ages, 
and  innumerable  scenes  of  human  life." — £F.  American  Review, 
vol.  xxxvi. 

"The  style  of  Bunyan  is  delightful  to  every  reader,  and  invalu 
able  as  a  study  to  every  person  who  wishes  to  obtain  a  wide  com 
mand  over  the  English  language.  The  vocabulary  is  the  vocabu 
lary  of  the  common  people.  There  is  not  an  expression,  if  we 
except  a  few  technical  terms  of  theology,  which  would  puzzle  the 
rudest  peasant.  We  have  observed  several  pages  which  do  not 
contain  a  single  word  of  more  than  two  syllables.  Yet  no  writer 
has  said  more  exactly  what  he  meant  to  say.  For  magnificence, 
for  pathos,  for  vehement  exhortation,  for  subtle  disquisition,  for 
every  purpose  of  the  poet,  the  orator,  and  the  divine,  this  homely 
dialect,  the  dialect  of  plain  workingmen,  was  perfectly  sufficient 
There  is  no  book  in  our  literature  on  which  we  could  so  readily 
stake  the  fame  of  the  old  unpolluted  English  language ;  no  book 
which  shows  so  well  how  rich  that  language  is  in  its  own  proper 
wealth,  and  how  little  it  has  been  improved  by  all  that  it  has  bor 
rowed.  .  .  .  We  are  not  afraid  to  say  that,  though  there  were 
many  clever  men  in  England  during  the  latter  half  of  the  seven 
teenth  century,  there  were  only  two  great  creative  minds.  One 
of  those  minds  produced  the  Paradise  Lost,  the  other,  the  Pil 
grim's  Progress."— T.  B.  MACAULAY. 

"  The  Pilgrim's  Progress  was  so  acceptable  to  the  common  peo 
ple,  by  reason  of  the  amusing  and  parabolical  manner  of  its  com 
position,  by  way  of  vision,  a  method  he  was  thought  to  have  such 
an  extraordinary  knack  in,  that  some  thought  there  were  commu 
nications  made  to  him  in  dreams,  and  that  he  first  really  dreamt 
over  the  matter  contained  in  such  of  his  writings.  This  notion 
was  not  a  little  propagated  by  his  picture  before  some  of  these 
books,  which  is  represented  in  a  sleeping  posture." — Oldys's  MSS. 

"  He  had  the  invention,  but  not  the  other  natural  qualifications 
which  are  necessary  to  constitute  a  great  poet.  If  his  genius  had 
intended  him  to  be  any  thing  more  than  a  poet  in  prose,  it  would 
probably,  like  Shakspeare's,  have  broken  through  every  difficulty 
of  birth  and  station." — DR.  KIPPIS. 

"The  originality  of  Bunyan's  genius  is  strikingly  displayed  in 
the  Holy  War.  Indeed,  the  Holy  War  has  no  prototype  in  any 
language." — DR.  CHEEVER;  see  his  Lectures  on  Pilgrim's  Progress. 

Among  the  editors  of  Pilgrim's  Progress  and  biogra- 

Shers  of  Bunyan  may  be  mentioned  Southey,  Ivimey, 
ffer,  Burder,  Gilpin,  Mason,  Montgomery,  Philip,  Scott, 
Conder,  and  St.  John.  Bunyan's  Works,  2  vols.  fol.,  1602, 
1736,  '37,  '60,  with  Preface  by  G.  Whitefielcl,  1707; 
2  vols.  fol.,  Edin.,  1771;  6  vols.  8vo,  with  Notes  by 
Mason,  Lon.,  1784,  6  vols.  8vo ;  best  ed.,  by  Offer,  3  vols. 
r.  8vo,  Lon.,  1853. 

Oldys  mentions  it  as  the  observation  of  the  anonymous 
author  of  a  discourse  concerning  Ridicule  and  Irony  in 
Writing,  printed  in  1729,  that  Bunyan's  Pilgrim's  Pro 
gress  had  infinitely  outdone  a  certain  publication  which 
the  author  mentions,  which  perhaps  had  not  made  one 
convert  to  infidelity ;  whereas  the  Pilgrim's  Progress  had 
converted  many  sinners  to  Christ. 


BUN 

The  Retrospective  Review,  in  comparing  Beaumont's 
Psyche  with  some  of  Bunyan's  characters,  remarks, 

"  As  an  allegory,  Psyche  is  exceedingly  meagre  and  inartificial : 
the  heroine  herself  is  a  vague,  featureless  personification,  and  her 
attendants,  Logos  and  Thelema.  (the  reason  and  the  will,)  are  poor 
and  lifeless  compared  with  the  bustling  and  dramatic  personages 
of  our  old  friend  Bunyan  in  the  siege  of  Mansoul, — My  Lord  Will- 
be-Will,  Mr.  Recorder  Conscience,  and  the  rest."— Vol.  xii. 

The  same  excellent  periodical  considers  that  there  are 
good  reasons  for  the  conjecture  that  Bunyan's  Pilgrim's 
Progress  was  suggested  by  John  Carthemy's  Voyage  of 
the  Wandering  Knight,  translated  by  Goodyeare  some 
years  before  Bunyan's  imprisonment  in  Bedford  jail.  We 
shall  only  remark  that,  if  a  supposed  or  even  real  simi 
larity  between  the  productions  of  the  human  mind  is  to  be 
accepted  as  a  proof  of  derivation,  then — to  use  a  favourite 
phrase  of  Dr.  Johnson — of  such  conjectures  "there  will  be 
no  end."  There  is,  however,  a  striking  resemblance  be 
tween  some  of  the  adventures  of  the  Wandering  Knight 
and  those  of  Bunyan's  Pilgrim.  See  Retrosp.  Rev.,  i.  250. 

I!  11  ii you,  C.  J.     Law  of  Life  Assurance,  Lon.,  8vo. 

Burbury,  Mrs.  Collects,  Epistles,  and  Gospels  Ex 
plained,  Lon.,  12mo.  Florence  Sackville;  or,  Self-De- 
pendence,  1851,  3  vols.  p.  8vo.  Other  works. 

"  Mrs.  Burbury  possesses  a  clear  appreciation  of  humour  and 
pathos,  a  firm  hand  in  noting  down  the  boundary  lines  and  salient 
features  of  character,  and  a  constancy  to  the  leading  plan  and  pur 
pose  of  her  story.  The  story  of  poor  Milly — the  pathos  of  which 
is  fearful — would  alone  justify  us  in  placing  Mrs.  Burbury  high 
among  modern  novelists." — Lon.  Athenceum. 

Burbury,  John.  History  of  Christianna  Alessandra, 
Lon.,  1658,  12mo.  Relation  of  a  Journey  of  Lord  Henry 
Howard  (afterwards  Duke  of  Norfolk)  from  London  to 
Vienna,  and  thence  to  Constantinople,  Lon.,  1671,  12mo. 

Burch,  Thomas.  The  Free  Grace  of  God  Displayed 
in  the  Salvation  of  Men ;  two  Essays,  1756,  8vo. 

"  At  the  request  of  the  worthy  Author  of  the  following  Essays,  I 
have  perused  them ;  and  observe  nothing  in  them  but  what  is  agree 
able  to  the  sacred  Scriptures,  to  the  form  of  sound  Words,  to  the 
analogy  of  Faith,  and  the  doctrine  of  the  Gospel."— DR.  GILL. 

Burchall,  James.    Con.  to  Med.  Obs.  &  Inq.,  iii.  106. 

Burchell,  Joseph.  Digest  of  the  Laws  in  the  King's 
Bench  and  Common  Pleas  from  1756  to  1794,  inclusive, 
Lon.,  1796,  8vo.  Other  legal  works,  Ac.,  1801,  t)2.  '08. 

Burchell,  William  J.  Travels  in  the  Interior  of 
Southern  Africa,  Lon.,  1822-24,  2  vols.  4to. 

"The  enterprising  and  successful  exertions  of  Burchell  have 
taught  us  that  there  are  scarcely  any  assignable  limits  to  human 
courage  and  enthusiasm.  .  .  .  These  travels  were  undertaken  with 
the  intention  of  exploring  the  unknown  countries  lying  between 
the  Cape  of  Good  Hope  and  the  Portuguese  Settlements  on  the 
Western  Coast,  by  a  circuitous  track  into  the  Interior  Regions. 
The  author,  after  penetrating  into  the  heart  of  the  Continent  to 
the  depth  of  nearly  eleven  hundred  miles,  to  a  country  never  be 
fore  described,  met  with  obstacles  which  it  was  found  impossible 
to  surmount,  and  which  compelled  him  to  alter  the  original  plan 
of  his  route.  .  .  .  His  researches  have  embraced  that  variety  of 
subjects  which  a  journey  over  ground  never  before  trodden  by 
European  foot,  and  through  the  strange  and  unknown  regions  of 
Africa,  might  be  expected  to  afford."— £>ibdin's  Lib.  Companion. 

Burches,  George.  The  Doctrine  of  Original  Sin 
Maintained  on  Ps.  li.  5,  Lon.,  1655,  8vo. 

Burchett,  Josiah,  Secretary  of  the  Admiralty.  Me 
moirs  of  Transactions  at  Sea,  during  the  War  with  France* 
1688-97,  Lon.,  1703,  8vo;  1720,  fol.  This  elicited  Col. 
Luke  Lillington's  Reflections  on  Mr.  BurchelPs  Memoirs, 
&G.,  Lon.,  1704,  8vo.  Mr.  B.  responded  in  a  Justification 
of  his  Naval  Memoirs,  in  answer  to  Col.  L.'s  Reflections, 
1704,  8vo.  Complete  History  of  the  most  remarkable 
Transactions  at  Sea,  from  the  earliest  accounts  of  Time,  to 
the  conclusion  of  the  last  war  with  France,  Lon.,  1720,  fol. 

"  The  great  progenitor  of  all  those  ponderous  tomes  of  verbosity, 
fallacy,  and  blunders,  which  for  a  century  have  been  palmed  upon 
the  public  as  '  standard  authorities'  in  naval  history  and  naval 
biography." 

For  an  account  of  this  work — "  the  first  British  author 
ity  which  sought  to  achieve  the  bold  and  perilous  under 
taking  of  chronicling  occurrences  afloat  from  the  earliest 
accounts  of  time"— see  The  Naval  Sketch  Book. 

Burchett,  M.  The  Ark ;  a  Poem,  in  imitation  of  Du 
Bartas,  Lon.,  1714,  4to. 

Burchyer,  Henry.  Authenticity  of  the  word  Ster- 
lingoruin  or  Sterling.  See  Hearne's  Collections,  ii.321,1771. 

Burckhardt,  John  Ludwig,  1784-1817,  a  native 
of  Lausanne,  Switzerland,  arrived  in  London,  July,  1806, 
with  a  letter  from  the  celebrated  Blumenbach  to  Sir  Joseph 
Banks.  In  May,  1808,  he  was  engaged  by  the  African 
Association  to  make  an  attempt  to  penetrate  into  the  in 
terior  of  Africa  from  the  North.  He  sailed  from  Ports 
mouth  in  March,  1809,  and  was  engaged  until  the  time  of 
his  death  in  making  arrangements  for  prosecuting  the  ob 
ject  of  his  mission.  He  encountered  great  hardships,  and 


BUR 

at  last,  like  Belzoni,  fell  a  victim  to  dysentery,  Oct.  15, 
1817,  when  making  preparations  to  commence  his  long- 
delayed  journey  to  Fezzan,  to  explore  the  source  of  the 
Niger.  His  Journal  and  Memoranda,  which  he  had  par 
tially  prepared  for  publication,  fortunately  were  preserved, 
and  transmitted  to  the  African  Association,  and  were  pub. 
in  the  following  order :  1.  Travels  in  Nubia,  and  in  the 
Interior  of  North-Eastern  Africa,  performed  in  1813 ;  Lon., 
1819,  4to.  2.  Travels  in  Syria  and  the  Holy  Land,  1822, 
4to.  3.  Travels  in  Arabia,  1829,  4to.  4.  Notes  on  the 
Bedouins  and  Wahabys,  1830,  4to. 

"Whether  we  consider  its  views  of  Arab  manners,  customs,  in 
stitutions,  and  other  particulars,  or  its  exhibition  of  the  remark 
able  Mohammedan  sectaries,  the  Wahabys,  from  their  earliest  ap 
pearance  as  reformers,  to  almost  the  present  time,  we  find  abun 
dance  of  matter  to  gratify  curiosity,  and  entertain  and  inform  the 
reader.  It  is  the  best  account  of  the  Arab  tribes  we  have  ever 
seen." — Lon.  Lit.  Gaz. 

"  It  throws  new  light  on  a  race,  which  has  long  stood  single 
among  the  nations,  retaining  from  age  to  age  a  character  in  which 
lofty  virtues  and  odious  vices  are  strangely  combined.  .  .  .  Burck 
hardt  has  done  much  towards  elucidating  the  manners  of  the 
Arabians,  and  communicating  an  idea  of  the  real  condition  of 
that  extraordinary  people.  .  .  .  This  work  has  thrown  new  light  on 
the  subject  of  Bedouin  love,  courtship,  and  marriage." — Edin.Rev. 

5.  Manners  and  Customs  of  the  Modern  Egyptians  il 
lustrated  from  their  Proverbial  Sayings  current  at  Cairo, 
1830,  4to.  He  bequeathed  his  collection  of  Oriental  MSS. 
to  the  University  of  Cambridge. 

Burckhardt  combined  some  of  the  most  essential  qualifi 
cations  for  the  life  which  he  adopted.  Had  he  lived  a  few 
years  longer — he  was  cut  off"  at  the  early  age  of  33 — we 
should  have  possessed  invaluable  contributions  to  the  stock 
of  knowledge  of  a  deeply-interesting  character. 

Bnrd,  Richard,  D.D.     Sermons,  1684,  1704,  4to. 

Bui  d,  William,  Surgeon.  Con.  to  Ann.  of  Med.,  1797. 

Burde,  Andrew.     See  BORDE. 

Burden,  or  Bnrdin,  J.,  M.D.  A  Course  of  Medical 
Studies ;  trans,  from  the  French,  Lon.,  1803,  3  vols.  8vo. 

Burden,  W.     Poetry  for  Children ;  selected,  1805. 

Burder,  George,  1752-1832,  b.  in  London,  minister 
of  the  Independent  Chapel,  Fetter  Lane,  London.  Bun 
yan's  Pilgrim's  Progress ;  a  new  edit.,  with  Notes,  1786, 
12mo.  Evangelical  Truth  Defended,  1788,  8vo.  The 
Welsh  Indians,  1797,  8vo.  Bunyan's  Holy  War;  a  new 
edit,,  with  Notes,  1803,  8vo.  Supplement  to  Watts's 
Psalms  and  Hymns,  which  passed  through  probably  forty 
editions.  Mr.  B.  pub.  several  other  works,  the  best-known 
of  which  is  the  Collection  of  Village  Sermons,  1799-1812, 
6  vols.  8vo,  and  several  editions  since;  in  1838  they  were 
pub.  in  8  vols.  in  4;  1  vol.  12mo,  1838,-  do.,  1840;  do.,  ed. 
by  J.  Cobbin,  1852,  12mo. 

*"  Burder's  Village  Sermons  are  highly  and  deservedly  popular, 
and  very  useful."— LOWNDES  ;  BICKERSTETH. 

Burder,  Henry  Forster.  Funeral  Sermon,  1811, 
8vo.  Discourses  on  the  Divine  Attributes,  1822,  8vo. 

"  Its  attractive  composition,  the  clearness  of  its  statements,  and 
the  decided  character  of  its  evangelical  instructions,  render  it  a 
valuable  and  sure  guide  in  the  earliest  stages  of  religious  inquiry." 
— Congregational  Mag. 

Lectures  on  the  Pleasures  of  Religion,  1823,  8vo. 

"We  do  not  recollect  any  work  that  we  could  more  confidently 
put  into  the  hands  of  intelligent  and  ingenuous  youth  than  this 
interesting  statement  of  the  pleasures  of  a  religious  life." — Ibid. 

Lectures  on  the  Essentials  of  Religion,  1825,  8vo. 

"  We  are  decidedly  of  opinion  that  this  volume,  compared  with 
all  the  other  productions  of  the  author,  is  the  chef-d'ceuvre,  in 
point  of  thought  and  illustration." — Ibid. 

Four  Lectures  on  the  Law  of  the  Sabbath,  1831,  8vo. 

"Dr.  Burder's  Lectures  present  with  great  perspicuity  and  con 
ciseness  the  outlines  of  the  argument,  in  a  form  adapted  for  popu 
lar  circulation." — LOWNDES. 

Psalms  and  Hymns,  Lon.,  1826,  12mo :  of  these,  313 
are  from  Dr.  Watts.  The  Eclectic  Review  considers  it  the 
best  of  all  the  selections  from  Watts.  Notes  on  the  Pro 
phecies  of  the  Apocalypse,  1849,  p.  8vo. 

"For  the  majority  of  readers  Dr.  Burder  has  gone  far  enough 
into  his  theme.  ...  To  devotional  readers  the  treatise  will  be  very 
acceptable."— Brit.  Quarterly  Review.  * 

Mental  Discipline :  Hints  on  the  Cultivation  of  Intel 
lectual  and  Moral  Habits.  Addressed  particularly  to  Stu 
dents  in  Theology,  and  Young  Preachers.  5th  edit.,  to 
which  is  appended  an  address  on  Pulpit  Eloquence,  by  the 
Rev.  Justin  Edwards,  Lon.,  1846,  fp.  8vo. 

•A*  we"-arranged  and  clearly-expressed  exposition  of  the 
author  a  readings  and  reflections  on  mental  and  moral  discipline, 
it  will  richly  repay  the  attentive  perusal  of  the  important  classes 
for  whom  it  is  especially  prepared."— Lon.  Biblical  Review. 

Serms.  preached  at  St.  Thomas's  Square  Chapel,  Hack 
ney,  1854,  8vo. 

Burder,  John.  Elementary  Discourses,  Stroudw., 
1819,  12mo.  Lectures  on  Religion,  Holdsw.,  1826,  8vo. 

"A  werk  of  great  utility."— Cbngreg.  Mag. 


BUR 


BUR 


A  Memoir  of  Thomas  Harrison  Burder,  M.D.,  1844, 12mo. 
"  Mr.  Burdar  has  executed  bis  task — by  no  means  an  easy  one — 
with  prudence  and  good  taste." — Christian  Examiner. 

Burder,  Samuel,  late  of  Clare  Hall,  Cambridge,  and 
Lecturer  of  Christ  Church,  Newgate  street,  and  St.  Leo 
nard's,  Foster  Lane,  London.  The  Moral  Law,  Lon.,  1795, 
12mo.  Christian  Directory,  1800,  12mo.  Owen's  Display 
of  Arminianism:  a  new  edit.,  revised  and  corrected. 
Oriental  Customs ;  or  an  Illustration  of  the  Sacred  Scrip 
tures,  <fec.,  Lon.,  1802-07,  2  vols.  8vo ;  several  edits. ;  1839, 
8vo ;  much  improved  since  first  pub. 

"A  useful  abridgment  of  Banner's  Observations,  with  many 
valuable  additions  from  recent  voyagers  and  travellers,  arranged 
in  the  order  of  the  Books,  Chapters,  and  Verses  of  the  Bible."— T. 
H.  HORNE. 

Trans,  into  German  (with  corrections  and  additions, 
since  incorporated  in  Border's  work)  by  Rosenmiiller, 
Leips.,  1819,  4  vols.  8vo. 

"  Mr.  Burder's  work  has  not  only  been  composed  with  consider 
able  labour,  but  this  labour  will  be  productive  of  much  utility. 
The  arrangement  of  the  observations  according  to  the  order  of 
Scripture  will  render  the  work  an  acceptable  book  of  reference  to 
Divines  and  Biblical  Scholars." — Lon.  Monthly  Review. 

"  It  leaves  out  much  that  is  valuable  in  Harmer." — Orme's  Bibl.  B. 
Oriental  Literature   applied  to  the  Illustration  of  the 
Sacred  Scriptures,  1822,  2  vols.  8vo. 

"  Had  Mr.  Burder  been  a  profound  Oriental  scholar,  this  might 
have  been  made  a  very  interesting  book.  .  .  .  But  mere  compila 
tions  of  this  nature,  however  faithfully  executed,  cannot  deeply 
interest  the  Biblical  scholar.  The  real  and  most  formidable  diffi 
culties  of  Scriptural  expression  and  allusion  are  never  met  by 
them." — ORME. 

Oriental  Customs,  Lon.,  1831,  sm.  8vo,  4th  edit.,  Lon., 
1847,  fp.  8vo.  This  volume  contains  a  selection  from  the 
more  popular  articles  contained  in  the  two  preceding  works, 
with  additions  from  recent  publications. 

Memoirs  of  eminently  pious  British  Women ;  new  edit., 
1815,  3  vols.  8vo ;  and  1823,  3  vols.  12mo.  The  Scripture 
Expositor,  1809,  2  vols.  4to.  This  work  also  illustrates 
Scripture  by  the  assistance  of  Eastern  Customs.  Of  the 
value  of  such  illustrations  there  can  be  no  question. 

"  The  manners  of  the  East,  amidst  all  the  changes  of  govern 
ment  and  religion,  are  still  the  same:  they  are  living  impressions 
from  an  original  mould;  and  at  every  step  some  object,  some 
idiom,  some  dress,  or  some  custom  of  common  life,  reminds  the 
traveller  of  ancient  times,  and  confirms,  above  all,  the  beauty,  the 
accuracy,  and  the  propriety  of  the  language  and  the  history  of  the 
Bible." — Morier's  Second  Journey  through  Pkrsia. 

Burder,  William.     Religious  Ceremonies  and  Cus 
toms,  Lon.,  1841,  8vo.     Formed  on  the  basis  of  Picart's 
work,  and  contains  much  instructive  matter. 
Burdett,  Charles.     Sermon,  1724,  4to. 
Burdett,  Charles.     Sermon,  1760,  4to.    Pilgrim's 
Progress  Versified,  1804. 

Burdett,  Charles,  b.  1815  in  the  city  of  New  York. 
Emma;  or  the  Lost  Found.     Adopted  Child.     Trials  and 
Triumphs.     Never  too  late.     Chances  and  Changes.     Ma 
rion  Desmond.     The  Gambler,  «fec.     Editor  of  Barring- 
ton's  Physical  Geography.     Contrib.  to  many  periodicals. 
Burdett,  Sir  Francis,  M.P.  for  Westmin.   Speeches, 
1802,  '04,  '09,  '12.     Addresses  to  Constituents,  1810. 
Burdett,  Mrs.   Walter  Hamilton,  Lon.,  3  vols.  p.  8vo. 
Kurdm.     See  BURDEN. 

Burdon,  Miss.  1.  All  Classes,  Lon.,  3  vols.  p.  8vo. 
2.  Forrester's  Daughter,  3  vols.  p.  8vo.  3.  Friends  of  Fon- 
tainebleau,  3  vols.  p.  8vo.  4.  Lost  Evidence,  3  vols.  p.  8vo. 
5.  The  Pope  and  the  Actor,  3  vols.  p.  8vo.  6.  Seymour  of 
Sudley,  3  vols.  p.  8vo.  7.  Thirst  for  Gold,  3  vols.  p.  Svo. 
8.  Ward  of  the  Crown,  3  vols.  p.  8vo. 

Burdon,  William.  Pocket  Farrier,  1730,  '45,  Svo. 
Burdon,  William.  Three  Letters  to  the  Bishop  of 
Llandaff,  1795,  Svo.  On  the  Pursuits  of  Literature,  1799- 
1800,  Svo.  Politics,  Morality,  and  Literature,  1800,  Svo. 
Materials  for  Thinking,  1803-10,  2  vols.  Svo;  3d  edit., 
L814,  2  vols.  Svo.  Advice,  1803.  Other  literary  and  poli 
tical  works. 

Burwood,  Jane.     Faith  and  Patience,  Lon.,  1693. 
Burdy,  Samuel.    Life  of  Philip  Skelton,  1792,  8vo. 
?0\SS°rJ  °f  Ireland  froi»  the  earliest  ages  to  the  Union, 

Iol7y    OVO. 

Bureau,  James.   Medical  Essays,  Lon.,  1777,  '89,  '92. 

Burford,  John,  of  King's  College,  Cambridge.     In- 
shtutionem  Metaphysicarum,  lib.  ii.,  Lon.,  1654,  Svo 
stitutiones  Metaphysics*,  Oxf.,  1675,  12mo.     Institutions 
Logicae,  Camb.,  1680,  Svo. 

Burford,  Samuel.     Ordination  Sermon,  1765  4to 

Burge,  William,  Queen's  Counsel,  d.  1850,  aged  63 
Commentaries  on  the  Law  of  Suretyship,  last  edit.   Lon 
1849,  Svo ;  1st  Amer.  edit,  Boston,  1847,  Svo.     This  work 
will  be  found  of  great  use  to  the  American  lawyer  as  well 
as  to  the  members  of  the  English  Bar. 


Observations  on  the  Supreme  Appellate  Jurisdiction  of 
Great  Britain,  Lon.,  1841,  Svo.  Commentaries  on  Colo 
nial  and  Foreign  Laws  generally,  and  in  their  conflict 
with  each  other  and  with  the  Law  of  England,  Lon.,  1838, 
4  vols.  8vo ;  new  edit,  in  course  of  preparation. 

This  work  should  stand  on  the  same  shelf  with  Mr.  Jus 
tice  Story's  Treatise  upon  the  Conflict  of  Laws.  This  emi 
nent  author  thus  refers  to  Burge's  work  : 

"  It  exhibits  great  learning  and  research,  and  as  its  merits  are 
not  as  yet  generally  known  to  the  profession  on  this  side  of  the 
Atlantic,  I  have  made  many  references  to  it,  with  the  view  of  en 
abling  the  profession  to  obtain  many  more  illustrations  of  the  doc 
trines  than  my  own  brief  text  would  suggest,  and  also  fully  to 
appreciate  his  learned  labours." 

Restoration  and  Repairs  of  the  Temple  Church,  1843, 
Svo.  The  Choral  Service  of  the  Anglo-Catholic  Church. 
1844,  Svo. 

Burges.     The  Pope's  Deadly  Wound. 

Surges,  Francis.  Some  Observations  on  the  Use 
and  Original  of  the  Noble  Art  and  Mystery  of  Printing, 
Norwich,  1701,  8vo.  This  is  often  called  the  first  book 
printed  at  Norwich ;  but  this  is  an  error. 

Burges,  G.  H.  Plato ; — Four  Dialogues :  Crito,  Greater 
Hippias,  Second  Alcibiades,  and  Sisyphus ;  with  English 
Notes,  original  and  selected.  In  this  edition,  Bekker's 
Text  is  adopted,  and  the  whole  of  Heindorf  s  Notes  are 
translated. 

"  It  is  owing  to  the  erudition  and  research  of  the  editor  that 
these  dialogues  may  now  be  pronounced  no  longer  a  sealed  book, 
which  none  but  great  scholars  could  ever  hope  even  imperfectly 
to  understand." — New  Monthly  Mag. 

Burges,  George.  Remarks  on  Mr.  Wakefield's  In 
quiry  relative  to  Public  Worship,  Lon.,  1792,  Svo.  A  Let 
ter  to  Thomas  Paine,  1794,  Svo.  Euripides  Troades, 
1807,  Svo.  Euripides  Phoenissse ;  Cum  Notulis,  1810,  Svo. 
Other  works. 

Burges,  James.    Inoculation,  2d  ed.,  1754,  Lon.,  Svo. 

Burges,  Sir  James  Bland.  Heroic  Epistle  from 
Sergeant  Bradshaw,  in  the  Shades,  to  John  Dunning,  Esq., 
1788.  Law  of  Insolvency,  1783,  Svo.  Alfred's  Letters, 
1792,  Svo.  The  Birth  and  Triumph  of  Love;  a  Poem, 
1796,  4to.  Richard  the  First,  an  Epic  Poem,  1801,  2  vols. 
Svo.  Riches,  a  Play,  1810,  Svo.  Reasons  in  favour  of  a 
new  trans,  of  the  Holy  Scriptures,  Lon.,  1819,  8vo. 

"  This  work,  though  designed  as  a  defence  of  Mr.  Bellamy's 
strange  performance,  in  reply  to  the  Quarterly  Review  of  that 
work,  is  worth  consulting,  though  the  reader  will  not  be  likely  to 
adopt  all  the  learned  Baronet's  reasons  or  reasonings,  in  their  sup 
port,"—  ORME:  Bibl.  Brit. 

Sir  James  pub.  some  other  works. 

Burges,  Samuel.     Ordination  sermon,  1707,  Svo. 

Burgess,  Mrs.  The  Oaks,  or  the  Beauties  of  Can 
terbury;  a  Comedjj,  1780,  Svo. 

Burgess,  or  Burges,  Anthony,  a  Nonconformist 
clergyman,  was  educated  at  St.  John's  College,  Cambridge, 
and  afterwards  became  a  Fellow  of  Emmanuel  College.  In 
1635  he  obtained  the  living  of  Sutton-Colfield,  Warwick 
shire,  but  submitted  to  ejectment  after  the  Restoration. 
Vindicise  Legis,  Lon.,  1546,  4to.  155  Sermons  on  the  17th 
Chapter  of  St.  John,  Lon.,  1646,  '56,  '61,  fol. 

"Full  of  sound  doctrine,  methodically  arranged,  and  closely  ap 
plied  in  very  plain  language." — DR.  E.  WILLIAMS. 

"  Spiritual  and  experimental." — BICKERSTETH. 

The  True  Doctrine  of  Justification  asserted  and  vindi 
cated,  1648,  4to.  Treatise  on  Justification,  1654,  4to. 

"  This  work  is  a  great  favourite  with  those  who  hold  the  doctrine 
of  Christ's  imputed  righteousness." — LOWNDES. 

Commentaries  on  the  1st  and  2d  Corinthians,  1661, 
2  vols.  fol. 

"This  deserves  the  same  character  as  his  work  on  John."— 
DR.  E.  WILLIAMS. 

Other  theological  works.  Bishop  Hacket  used  to  say  that 
Burgess  was  fit  for  a  Professor's  Chair  in  the  University. 

"  A  pious,  learned,  and  able  scholar,  a  good  disputant,  an  emi 
nent  preacher,  and  a  sound  and  orthodox  divine." — DR.  JOHN  WAL- 
LIS,  a  pupil  of  Burgess. 

Burgess,  or  Burges,  Cornelius,  D.D.,  a  Noncon 
formist  divine,  d.  1665,  was  entered  at  Oxford  in  1611. 
On  taking  holy  orders  he  obtained  the  rectory  of  St.  Mag 
nus,  London -bridge,  and  in  1618  he  was  presented  to  the 
living  of  Watford  in  Hertfordshire.  He  was  chaplain  in 
ordinary  to  Charles  I.,  and  a  zealous  friend  to  the  Church 
in  the  earlier  part  of  his  life,  but,  as  Wood  alleges,  from 
disappointment,  he  afterwards  sided  with  the  Parliamen 
tary  party,  and  after  the  murder  of  the  king  shared 
largely  in  the  spoils  j  purchasing  Church  lands,  and  writ 
ing  a  book  to  justify  such  speculations,  entitled  No  Sacri 
lege  nor  Sinne  to  Aliene  or  Purchase  the  Lands  of  Bishops, 
or  others,  whose  Offices  are  Abolished,  2d  edit,  Lon.,  1659, 
Svo,  (3d  edit.,  abbreviated,  1660,  4to.) 

"  This  second  impression,  as  I  apprehended,  was  wrote  upon  a 


BUR 


BUR 


prosp*  t  of  the  King's  coming  in,  and  danger  of  losing  all ;  for  it 
is  wro*  e  in  a  very  mortified  style." — COLE. 

The  king  did  "come  in/'  and  Burgess's  speculations 
proved  rather  unprofitable : 

"  Ht>  was  bid  for  his  purchase,  not  long  before  the  King's  return, 
about  £20,000,  but  refus'd  it.  And  the  King  unexpectedly  (to  him) 
returning  in  the  year  1660,  and  bishops  and  deans  being  restored, 
he  lost  all  his  purchas'd  lands,  and  became  so  poor  (ingens  justitiae 
divinse  documentum)  that  he  had  not  bread  to  eat,  as  it  appears 
in  his  own  letter  to  Sir  llichard  Browne." — Da.  BARLOW,  in  Athen. 
Oxon. 

He  pub.  several  other  theological  tracts,  among  them, 
Baptismal  Regeneration  of  Elect  Infants,  Oxf.,  1629,  4to. 

"  An  unsatisfactory  work." — BICKERSTETH. 

Burgess,  Daniel,  1645-1712,  a  Dissenting  divine, 
was  entered  at  Magdalen  Hall,  Oxford,  in  1660.  In  1667 
the  Earl  of  Orrery  appointed  him  master  of  a  school  at 
Charleville,  Ireland.  In  1685  he  took  charge  of  a  congre 
gation  in  Brydges  Street,  Covent  Garden,  London,  after 
wards  in  Carey  Street.  Sermon  on  Eccles.  xii.  1,  Lon., 
1660,  fol.  IS  Directions  for  saving  Conversion  to  God, 
1691,  8vo.  Causa  Dei;  or,  Counsel  to  the  Rich,  Lon., 
1697,  8vo.  The  Golden  Snuffers,  a  sermon  on  Exod. 
xxxvii.  23,  1697.  Other  theolog.  treatises.  Burgess  was 
celebrated  for  a  random  wit  which  sometimes  forgot  the 
propriety  of  times  and  seasons  and  startled  the  pulpit 
with  unseemly  levity.  Yet  he  had  many  occasional  hearers 
from  the  theatre  in  his  vicinity,  and  his  lively  zeal  for 
souls  made  him  ready  to  "become  all  things  to  all  men." 
Perhaps  the  most  unsatisfactory  and  reckless  of  the  pupils 
upon  whom  his  admonitions  were  thrown  away  was  HENRY 
ST.  JOHN,  (afterwards)  LORD  BOLINGBROKE,  to  whom  Bur 
gess  was  for  some  time  tutor. 

Burgess,  Daniel.  A  Short  Account  of  the  Roman 
Senate,  Lon.,  1729,  4to. 

Burgess,  George,  D.D.,  Bishop  of  the  P.  Episcopal 
Church  in  the  State  of  Maine,  was  born  Oct.  31,  1809,  at 
Providence,  Rhode  Island;  was  educated  at  Brown  Uni 
versity,  (where  he  was  for  some  time  a  tutor,)  and  studied 
at  the  Universities  of  Gottingen,  Bonn,  and  Berlin :  Rec 
tor  of  Christ  Church,  Hartford,  1834-1847;  consecrated 
Bishop  of  Maine,  Oct.  31,  1847,  and  became,  at  the  same 
time,  Rector  of  Christ  Church,  Gardiner.  He  has  pub. 
several  sermons  and  two  academic  poems.  The  Book  of 
Psalms  in  English  Verse,  N.Y.,  12mo.  Pages  from  the 
Ecclesiastical  History  of  New  England,  12ino.  The  Last 
Enemy  Conquering  and  Conquered,  Phila.,  1850,  12mo. 
Sermons  on  the  Christian  Life,  1854,  12mo. 

"Remarkable  for  comprehension  of  thought,  beauty  and  sim 
plicity  of  style,  and  for  the  profit  and  interest  with  which  they 
are  read." 

Burgess,  Rev.  Henry,  LL.D.  Amateur  Gardener's 
Year-Book,  Lon.,  1857,  8vo. 

"  This  is,  beyond  compare,  the  best  book  of  its  class  that  has 
come  under  our  notice.  It  is  really  popular."— Lon.  Critic. 

Burgess,  J.  Beelzebub  Driven  and  Drowning  his 
Hogs;  a  sermon  on  Mark  v.  12,  13,  1670,  8vo. 

Burgess,  John.  The  Lawfulness  of  Kneeling  in  re 
ceiving  the  Lord's  Supper,  Lon.,  1631,  4to.  Contains  an 
answer  to  a  Reply  to  Dr.  Morton's  Defence  of  those  nocent 
Ceremonies. 

Burgess,  John  Cart.  Flower  Painting,  Lon.,  1811. 
Useful  Hints  on  Drawing  and  Painting,  1818,  etc. 

Burgess,  Richard.  Topography  and  Antiquities  of 
Rome,  1831,  2  vols.  Svo.  Greece  and  the  Levant,  or  Diary 
of  a  Summer's  Excursion  in  1834,  '35,  2  vols.  12mo. 

"These  little  volumes  are  valuable  as  guides  for  tourists,  and 
pleasingly  describe  the  most  interesting  portions  of  Greece,  Tur 
key,  and  Western  Asia."— Lon.  Athenceum. 

Lectures  on  the  Insufficiency  of  Unrevealed  Religion, 
and  on  the  succeeding  Influence  of  Christianity,  1839,  8vo. 

"  Considerable  interest  attaches  to  these  Lectures  from  the  fact 
that  they  were  delivered  to  a  Protestant  congregation  within  the 
confines  of  the  Vatican ;  and  the  preface  contains  an  account  as 
important  as  it  is  delightful,  of  the  origin  and  progress  of  this 
church.  The  Lectures  themselves  are  a  valuable  addition  to  the 
various  treatises  on  the  evidences  of  revealed  religion."— Lon. 
Christian  Remembrancer. 

The  Circus,  and  Circensian  Games,  p.  Svo. 

Burgess,  Richard.  Observations  on  an  Appeal  to 
members  of  the  Society  for  P.  C.  K.,  Lon.,  1844,  8vo. 

Burgess,  Thomas,  D.D.,  1756-1837,  a  native  of 
Odiham,  Hampshire,  educated  at  Winchester  School,  and 
at  Corpus  Christi  College,  Oxford,  where  he  obtained  a 
scholarship  in  1775,  and  a  fellowship  in  1783.  He  became 
Bishop  of  St.  David's  in  1803,  translated  to  Salisbury  in 
L825.  He  was  distinguished  for  industry  as  an  author, 
and  zeal  in  the  discharge  of  ministerial  duties.  Whilst 
chaplain  to  Dr.  Shute  Barrington,  his  predecessor  in  the 
bishopric  of  Salisbury,  he  laboured  assiduously  in  the  pro 
motion  of  that  Christian  charity— next  to  the  ministry 


the  most  powerful  instrumentality  for  the  subversion  of 
error  and  establishment  of  truth — the  SUNDAY-SCHOOL 
system.  The  bishop  was  a  very  voluminous  writer ;  his 
biographer,  J.  S.  Harford,  enumerates  nearly  100  publica 
tions  of  his.  To  this  biography,  2d  edit.,  pub.  Lon.,  1841, 
12mo,  we  refer  the  reader.  We  notice  a  few  of  his  works: 
Burton's  Pentalogia,  with  an  Appendix,  and  a  few  expla 
natory  Notes,  1780,  2  vols.  Svo.  Dawes's  Miscellanea 
Critica  Iterum  edita,  1781,  Svo ;  reprinted  at  Leipsic,  1800. 
An  Essay  on  the  Study  of  Antiquities,  2d  edit.,  Oxf.,  1782, 
Svo.  Considerations  on  the  Abolition  of  Slavery,  1789, 
Svo  :  recommending  gradual  emancipation.  The  Divinity 
of  Christ  proved  from  his  own  Assertions,  &c. ;  a  sermon, 
1790,  4to;  of  this  doctrine  the  bishop  was  a  zealous  de 
fender.  He  pub.,  1814-20,  a  number  of  tracts  on  the 
Trinity,  <fec.,  which  were  collected  into  one  volume  in 
1820 ;  and  in  1822  and  1824  he  pub.  Annotations  Millii, 
<fec.,  and  a  selection  of  Tracts  and  Observations  on  John 
v.  7,  and  wrote  some  treatises  upon  this  question.  The 
zeal  of  the  bishop  whilst  espousing  the  genuineness  of 
this  verse  drew  him  into  a  controversy  with  Professor 
Turton,  who  defended  Person  against  a  charge  made  by 
the  prelate.  Elementary  Evidences  of  the  Truth  of  Chris 
tianity,  in  a  series  of  Easter  Catechisms.  This  valuable 
work  has  been. frequently  reprinted.  Reasons  why  a  new 
Translation  of  the  Bible  should  not  be  published,  1816, 
Svo.  Initia  Paulina,  1804,  12mo. 

"  Some  of  the  most  valuable  illustrations  of  the  style  of  St. 
Paul's  Epistles,  that  can  be  offered  to  the  attention  of  the  student." 
—British  Critic. 

"  This  small  work  is  adapted  to  aid  the  critical  student  of  Paul's 
Epis  ties." — ORME. 

His  Hebrew  Elements,  1807,  and  Hebrew  Primer,  1808, 
are  valuable  assistants  to  the  student.  A  Letter  to  the 
Clergy  of  St.  David's,  1825,  Svo.  Christian  Theocracy, 
<fcc.,  1835,  12mo.  In  addition  to  the  Life  by  Harford,  con 
sult  Home's  Introduction  for  notice  of  some  of  the  writ 
ings  of  this  learned  and  useful  prelate. 

"  He  resembled  an  ancient  father  of  the  church  in  simplicity 
and  holiness,  and  was  distinguished  alike  for  extensive  learning 
and  unwearied  industry,  and  the  unruffled  calm  of  a  meditative 
mind." — DR.  PEARSON. 

"  Bishop  Burgess  deserves  well  of  the  Christian  public  for  the 
varied  encouragements  which  he  has  presented  to  the  cultivation 
of  Biblical  literature." — Orme's  Bibl.  Bib. 

Burgess,  Tristam.  The  Battle  of  Lake  Erie,  with 
notice  of  Commodore  Elliott's  Conduct  in  that  engage 
ment,  1839,  12mo.  Speeches,  Ac. 

Burgess,  Wm.     Funeral  Sermon,  Colches.,  1831,  Svo. 

Burgesse,  John.     Theolog.  treatises,  Lon.,  1709,  '28. 

Burgh,  A.  or  R.  1.  Sacred  History.  2.  Music,  4 
vols.,  1805,  '14. 

Burgh,  or  Burghe,  Benedict.  Cato  trans,  into 
English,  1480,  fol.,  by  Caxton. 

"Burghe's  performance  is  too  jejune  for  transcription ;  and,  I 
suspect,  would  not  have  afforded  a  single  splendid  extract,  had 
even  the  Latin  possessed  any  sparks  of  poetry." — Warton's  Eng. 
Poetry. 

Burgh,  James,  1714-1775,  a  native  of  Madderty, 
Perthshire,  Scotland,  was  a  cousin,  by  the  mother's  side,  of 
Robertson  the  historian.  He  was  educated  at  the  Univer 
sity  of  St.  Andrew's,  and  on  leaving  college  commenced 
business  in  the  linen  trade,  in  which  he  lost  all  of  his  pro 
perty.  Returning  to  London,  he  became  corrector  of  the 
press  in  Bowyer's  printing  office,  which  he  left  in  1746  for 
the  purpose  of  becoming  assistant  in  a  grammar  school  at 
Marlow,  in  Buckinghamshire.  In  1747  he  established  a 
school  at  Stoke  Newington,  (removed  to  Newington-Green 
in  1750,)  Middlesex,  which  was  very  successful.  He  la 
boured  in  this  useful  occupation  until  1771,  when  he  re 
tired,  and  settled  at  Islington,  where  he  resided  until  his 
death.  Britain's  Remembrancer,  Lon.,  1745 ;  5  edits,  in 
about  2  years,  and  reprinted  in  Scotland,  Ireland,  and 
America.  Thoughts  on  Education,  1747.  A  Hymn  to  the 
Creator  of  the  World,  Ac. ;  2d  edit.,  1750,  Svo.  A  Warn 
ing  to  Dram  Drinkers,  1751,  12mo.  Had  this  warning 
been  effectual  in  his  own  day  and  succeeding  times,  what 
an  amount  of  poverty,  misery,  crime,  and  moral  and  spi 
ritual  death  had  been  prevented !  The  Free  Inquirer,  pub. 
in  The  General  Evening  Post,  1753,  4to.  Dignity  of  Hu 
man  Nature,  1754,  4to.  The  Art  of  Speaking,  1762,  Svo. 
An  Account  of  the  Cessares;  a  people  of  S.  America, 
1764,  Svo.  Crito ;  or  Essays  on  Various  Subjects,  1766, 
77,  3  vols.  12mo.  The  Constitutionalist;  pub.  in  The 
Gazetteer,  1770.  Political  Disquisitions,  1774,  75,  3  vols. 
Svo.  This  work  is  on  a  very  comprehensive  plan.  The 
author  intended  to  carry  it  further,  had  he  lived.  The 
Colonist's  Advocate  in  The  Gazetteer ;  afterwards  pub.  by 
a  bookseller  under  the  title  of  Youth's  Friendly  Monitor. 

"  He  was  a  man  of  great  piety,  integrity,  and  benevolence.    He 


BUR 

had  a  warmth  of  heart  which  engaged  him  to  enter  ardently  into 
the  prosecution  of  any  valuable  design,  and  his  temper  was  com 
municative  and  cheerful." 

See  Biog.  Brit.  ;  Nichols's  Lit.  Anecdotes. 

Burgh,  Sydenham.     Sermon,  1723,  8vo. 

Burgh,  Thomas.  Right-lined  Figures,  Dub.,1724,4to. 

Burgh,  William,  LL.D.,  M.P.,  1741-1808,  a  native 
of  Ireland.  Scriptural  Confutations  of  the  Arguments 
produced  by  Mr.  Thsop.  Lindsay  against  the  One  Godhead 
of  Father,  Son,  and  Holy  Ghost,  Lon.,  1773,  and  An  In 
quiry,  <fec.,  being  a  sequel  to  the  above  work,  1778,  8vo. 

"  A  masterly  work,  highly  commended  by  Bishop  Hurd,  Mr. 
Toplady,  and  other  clergymen."—  LOWNDES. 

For  this  work  the  University  of  Oxford  awarded  to  the 
author  the  honour  of  a  doctor's  degree. 

Burgh,  William,  of  Trinity  College,  Dublin.     Ex- 

?osition  of  the  Book  of  Revelation  ;  3d.  edit.,  Dubl.,  1834, 
2mo. 

"  An  attempt  to  set  aside  all  preceding  expositions  of  this  book 
on  very  unsatisfactory  and  insufficient  grounds  ;  yet  with  practi 
cal  and  useful  remarks."  —  BICKERSTETH. 

Six  Discourses  on  the  Nature  and  Influence  of  Faith, 
Dubl.,  1835,  sm.  8vo. 

"  This  work  is  perfectly  sound  upon  the  essential  points  of 
Christianity,—  but  it  is  often  peculiar  in  its  mode  of  stating  them, 
and  states  new  views  upon  minor  points."  —  Presbyt.  Review. 

Lectures  on  the  Second  Advent  of  Christ,  and  Connected 
Events,  Ac.  ;  2d  edit,  enlarged,  Dubl.,  1835,  12mo. 

See  a  review  of  this  work  in  the  Dublin  Christian  Ex 
aminer. 

"  This  was  answered  by  Mr.  Cunninghame  (with  too  much 
sharpness,  but  ably)  in  his  Church  of  Rome,  the  Apostasy."— 
BICKERSTETH. 

Other  theological  works. 

Burghley,  Lord.     See  CECIL,  SIR  WILLIAM. 

Burghope,  George.     Sermons,  <fcc.,  1695,  '97,  1704. 

Burghope,  M.     Sermon,  1701,  4to. 

Burgon,  John  William.  Petra,  a  Poem,  Lon.,  2d 
ed.,  1846,  p.  8vo.  Life,  Times,  and  Contemporaries  of  Sir 
Thomas  Gresham,  2  vols.  8vo. 

"  These  are  two  magnificent  volumes  in  regard  to  size,  illustra 
tion,  and  typography.  Nor  are  their  literary  contents  unworthy 
their  external  splendour,  or  the  fame  of  the  distinguished  mer 
chant  to  whose  biography  they  are  devoted."—  United  Service  Mag. 

Burgoyne,  John,  Lieut.  General,  M.P.,  d.  1792,  was 
engaged  in  military  service  in  several  parts  of  the  world, 
and  obtained  considerable  distinction  as  an  author.  He 
married  the  daughter  of  the  Earl  of  Derby.  Letter  to  his 
Constituents  upon  his  late  Resignation,  1779,  8vo.  Sub 
stance  of  his  Speeches  upon  M.  Vyner's  Motion,  1778,  8vo. 
State  of  the  Expedition  from  Canada,  1780,  8vo.  The 
Lord  of  the  Manor;  Comic  Opera,  1781,  8vo.  This  piece 
contains  the  beautiful  lines  commencing 

"  Encompassed  in  an  Angel's  Frame." 

The  Heiress  ;  a  Comedy,  1786,  8vo. 

«  Every  reader  of  the  Heiress  will  mark  the  striking  parallel- 
Isms  between  many  passages  in  it  and  the  School  for  Scandal." 

He  contributed  The  Westminster  Guide  to  the  celebrated 
Probationary  Odes.  His  Dramatic  and  Poetical  Works, 
with  Memoir  of  the  Author,  appeared  in  1808,  2  vols.  12mo. 

"The  various  offerings  to  the  Muses,  which  were  presented  by 
an  accomplished  gentleman  and  a  brave  and  skilful  officer."— 
Lon.  Monthly  Review. 

Burgoyne,  Montagu.  Polit.  Letters  and  Speeches, 
1807,  '10,  '11. 

Burhill,  or  Burghill,  Robert,  1572-1641,  a  native 
of  Dymock,  Gloucestershire,  was  admitted  at  15  scholar 
of  Corpus  Christi  College,  Oxford,  and  probationer  Fellow 
in  1584.  He  was  presented  to  the  living  of  Northwold  in 
Norfolk,  and  was  made  Canon  residentiary  of  Hereford. 
Invitatorius  panegyricus,  ad  Regem  Optimum  de  Eliza 
bethan  nuper  Reginse  posteriore  ad  Oxoniam  Adventu,  «fec., 
Oxon.,  1603,  4to.  De  Potestate  Regia  et  Usurpatione  Pa- 
pah,  Ac.,  Oxon.,  1613,  8vo.  Other  works,  for  a  notice  of 
which  see  Athen.  Oxon.  Burhill  rendered  valuable  assist 
ance  to  Sir  Walter  Raleigh  when  he  was  composing  his 

.istory  of  the  World,  in  "criticisms  and  the  reading  of 
•  Hebrew  auth°"."  Wood  gives  him  a  high  cha- 


°*  £reat  readin<?  an«  profound  judgment, 
lH  H  •  ti,  T/^her8*and  schooln>en,  right  learned  and 
well  grounded  in  the  Hebrew  tongue,  an  exact  disputant  and  in 
his  younger  years  a  noted  Latin  poet."—  Athen  Oxtm 

Burk,  or  Burke,  John.  The  History  of  Virginia, 
from  its  first  Settlement  to  the  Present  Time  ;  commenced 
by  John  Burk,  and  continued  by  Shelton  Jones,  and  Louis 
Rue  Girardin,  1804-16  :  seldom  found  complete,  as  almost 
all  the  copies  of  vol.  iv.,  by  Girardin,  pub.  in  1816,  were 
Incidentally  destroyed.  Perhaps  20  or  30  copies  of  vol. 
iv.  may  be  in  existence. 
Burke,  Mrs.  Ela;  a  Tale,  1787,  12mo.  The  Sor- 


BUR 

rows  of  Edith,  1796,  2  vols.  12mo.  Adela  Nerthington, 
1796,  3  vols.  12mo.  The  Secret  of  the  Cavern,  1805,  2 
vols.  12mo.  Elliott,  or  Vicissitudes  of  Early  Life,  1800, 
2  vols.  12mo.  The  ungallant  Monthly  Reviewers  notice 
this  work  in  the  following — not  very  complimentary — 
style : 

"To  those  who  can  receive  pleasure  from  the  mere  narration  of 
successive  events,  without  requiring  any  accordancy  with  nature 
and  probability;  and  who  can  read  the  tale  of  thwarted  love  and 
suffering  virtue  without  regarding  poverty  of  diction  or  faults  of 
style;  the  history  of  Elliott  may  prove  an  interesting  production." 
— Lon.  Monthly  Review,  1801. 

Burke,  Aedanus,  d.  1802,  aged  59,  a  native  of  Gal- 
way,  Ireland,  emigrated  to  America,  where  he  became  a 
Judge  in  South  Carolina,  and  a  member  of  Congress.  Ad 
dress  to  the  Freemen  of  South  Carolina,  by  Cassius,  1783. 
Considerations  upon  the  Order  of  Cincinnati,  1783. 

Burke,  Sir  Bernard,  Ulster  King-of-Arms.  See 
BURKE,  JOHN. 

Burke,  B.  W.  A  Compendium  of  the  Anatomy,  Phy 
siology,  and  Pathology  of  the  Horse,  1806,  12mo. 

Burke,  E.  P.  An  Historical  Essay  on  the  Laws  and 
Government  of  Rome,  designed  as  an  Introduction  to  the 
Study  of  the  Civil  Law;  2d  edit,  Cambridge,  1830,  8vo. 

"  The  best  historical  view  of  the  Roman  Constitution  that  has  yet 
appeared  from  the  hands  of  any  English  civilian  or  historian,  and  ex 
ceeded  by  few,  if  any,  of  the  continental  essays  on  the  same  subject." 

Burke,  Edmund,  1728-1797,  one  of  the  greatest  of 
the  sons  of  men,  was  a  native  of  Dublin.  Mr.  Prior  agrees 
with  other  authorities  in  assigning  January  1, 1730,  as  the 
date  of  his  birth,  but  we  adopt  the  decision  recorded  in  the 
last  edition  of  his  works,  (Lon.,  1852,  8  vols.  r.  8vo,)  al 
though  his  sister  Juliana  was  baptized  in  this  year.  The 
family  is  descended  from  the  Norman  Burghs,  or  De  Burghs, 
(of  which  Burke  or  Bourke — for  it  is  even  now  spelt  both 
ways — is  a  corruption,)  who  emigrated  to  Ireland  under 
Strongbow,  temp.  Henry  II.  His  father,  Richard  Burke, 
was  an  attorney,  first  in  Limerick,  and  afterwards  in  Dub 
lin.  About  1725  he  married  Miss  Mary  Nagle,  of  the  an 
cient  family  of  that  name,  still  existing  near  Castletown 
Roche,  county  of  Cork.  Of  their  fourteen  or  fifteen  chil 
dren,  all  died  young  except  Garret,  Edmund,  Richard,  and 
Juliana.  In  1741  the  three  brothers  were  placed  at  a  school 
at  Ballitore,  conducted  by  an  excellent  master  named  Abra 
ham  Shackleton,  a  Quaker.  With  this  gentleman  and  his 
son  Richard,  his  successor,  Burke  kept  up  the  most  friendly 
relations  until  the  death  of  the  son  in  1792.  As  a  boy, 
Edmund  was  distinguished  for  that  devoted  application  to 
the  acquisition  of  knowledge,  and  remarkable  powers  of 
comprehension  and  retention,  which  accompanied  him 
through  life.  "When  we  were  at  play,"  remarked  his 
brother  Richard,  "he  was  always  at  work."  In  1744  he 
entered  Trinity  College,  Dublin,  as  a  pensioner.  In  1746 
he  was  elected  a  scholar  of  the  house;  commenced  A.B., 
Feb.  23,  1747-48,  and  proceeded  A.M.,  1751.  Goldsmith, 
who  was  his  fellow-student,  tells  us  that  he  was  not  distin 
guished  for  any  remarkable  superiority  of  talents ;  but  the 
truth  seems  to  be  that  he  was  zealously  employed  in  laying 
in  those  stores  of  useful  rather  than  brilliant  knowledge, 
which  afterwards  proved  of  such  service  to  him  in  the  prac 
tical  business  of  life.  Yet  he  did  not  scorn  the  blandish 
ments  of  the  muse ;  for  he  composed  very  creditable  poetry, 
and  studied  with  delight  the  poems  of  Shakspeare,  Spenser, 
Milton,  and  Young.  Having  determined  to  adopt  the  Law 
as  his  profession,  he  was  entered  of  the  Middle  Temple, 
April  23, 1747,  and  early  in  1750  arrived  in  London  to  keep 
the  customary  terms  previous  to  being  called  to  the  Bar. 
He  changed  his  views,  however,  for  at  the  expiration  of  the 
usual  time  he  was  not  called.  In  1752  or  1753  he  offered 
himself  as  candidate  for  the  Professorship  of  Logic  in  the 
University  of  Glasgow,  but,  fortunately  for  the  world  and 
his  future  fame,  was  unsuccessful.  It  is  said,  indeed,  that 
he  withdrew  his  application  when  informed  that  arrange 
ments  had  already  been  made  by  those  interested  which 
precluded  any  hope  of  his  election.  Mr.  James  Clow  was 
elected  to  the  vacant  chair.  Having  much  leisure  upon 
his  hands,  Burke  devoted  it  to  assiduous  study,  occasionally 
amusing  himself  by  original  compositions.  Some  of  his 
pieces  were  published,  but  it  is  impossible  at  this  time  to 
know  what  they  were.  One  of  the  first,  Arthur  Murphy 
believed  to  be  a  poem,  or  poetical  translation  from  the  La 
tin.  His  first  avowed  publication,  the  Vindication  of  Natu 
ral  Society,  by  a  late  Noble  Writer,  which  appeared  in  the 
spring  of  1756,  8vo,  pp.  166,  was  a  most  successful  imita 
tion  of  the  style,  language,  and  thought  of  Lord  Boling- 
broke.  The  object  was  a  most  praiseworthy  one.  His 
lordship's  philosophical  (infidel)  works  had  appeared  in 
1754,  pub.  by  David  Mallet,  and  exiited  much  attention. 


BUR 

Burke  laboured  to  show  that  if  the  abuses  of,  or  evils  some 
times  connected  with,  religion,  invalidate  its  authenticity, 
authority,  or  usefulness,  then  every  institution,  however 
beneficial,  must  be  abandoned. 

"  His  object  was  to  expose  his  lordship's  mode  of  reasoning,  hy 
running  it  out  into  its  legit imate  consequences.  He  therefore  ap 
plied  it  to  civil  society.  He  undertook,  in  the  person  of  Boling 
broke,  and  with  the  closest  imitation  of  his  impetuous  and  over 
bearing  eloquence,  to  expose  the  crimes  and  wretchedness  which 
have  prevailed  under  every  form  of  government,  and  thus  to  show 
that  society  is  itself  an  evil,  and  the  savage  state  the  only  one  fa 
vourable  to  virtue  and  happiness.  In  this  pamphlet  he  gave  the 
most  perfect  specimen  which  the  world  has  ever  seen  of  the  art  of 
imitating  the  style  and  manner  of  another.  He  went  beyond  the 
mere  choice  of  words,  the  structure  of  sentences,  and  the  cast  of 
imagery  into  the  deepest  recesses  of  thought;  and  so  completely 
had  he  imbued  himself  with  the  spirit  of  Bolingbroke,  that  he 
brought  out  precisely  what  every  one  sees  his  lordship  ought  to 
have  said  on  his  own  principles,  and  might  be  expected  to  say,  if 
he  dared  to  express  his  sentiments." 

The  merit  of  this  production  was  the  better  appreciated 
from  the  current  opinion  of  literary  men  that  Bolingbroke's 
style  was  "not  only  the  best  of  that  time,  but  in  itself 
wholly  inimitable."  The  critics  were  completely  deceived  : 

"  Almost  everybody  received  it  as  a  posthumous  work  of  Lord 
Bolingbroke ;  and  so  far  from  being  looked  upon  as  one  of  the  hasty 
sketches  of  his  youth,  or  the  gleanings  of  old  age,  it  was  praised 
up  to  the  standard  of  his  best  writings.  The  critics  knew  the  turn 
of  his  periods,  his  style,  his  phrases,  and  above  all,  the  matchless 
dexterity  of  his  metaphysical  pen.  Charles  Mackliu,  with  the 
pamphlet  in  his  hand,  used  frequently  to  exclaim  at  the  Grecian 
Coffee-house,  (where  he  gave  a  kind  of  literary  law  to  the  young 
Templars  at  that  time,)  'Sir,  this  must  be  Harry  Bolingbroke ;  I 
know  him  by  his  cloven  foot!'  The  Earl  of  Chesterfield,  who  had 
been  an  intimate  friend  of  Bolingbroke,  and  was  a  copyist  of  his 
style,  acknowledged  that  he  was  for  some  time  deceived  in  this 
point ;  and  Bishop  Warburton — an  abler  man  than  either  of  then- 
lordships — exclaimed  in  his  usual  rough  style — '  You  see,  sir,  the 
fellow's  principles;  they  now  come  out  in  a  full  blaze.'" 

We  need  not  be  surprised  at  this  when  we  remember 
that — to  use  the  language  of  Mr.  Prior — 

"  The  imitation  indeed  was  so  perfect  as  to  constitute  identity, 
rather  than  resemblance.  It  was  not  merely  the  language,  style, 
and  general  eloquence  of  the  original  which  had  been  caught;  but 
the  whole  mind  of  the  peer,  his  train  of  thought,  the  power  to  enter 
into  his  conception,  seemed  to  be  transferred  into  the  pen  of  his 
imitator,  with  a  fidelity  and  '  grace  beyond  the  reach  of  art.'" 

A  celebrated  critic,  alluding  to  the  successful,  imitation 
of  all  of  the  noble  writer's  characteristics,  remarks : 

"  In  Burke's  imitation  of  Bolingbroke  (the  most  perfect  specimen 
perhaps  that  ever  will  exist  of  the  art  in  question)  we  have  all  the 
qualities  which  distinguish  the  style,  or,  we  may  indeed  say.  the 
genius,  of  that  noble  writer,  concentrated  and  brought  before  us." 

This  pamphlet  was  reprinted  in  1765,  with  a  preface  by 
the  author,  in  which  he  modestly  remarks  : 

"  If  some  inaccuracies  in  calculation,  in  reasoning,  or  in  method, 
be  found,  perhaps  these  will  not  be  looked  upon  as  faults  by  the 
admirers  of  Lord  Bolingbroke ;  who  will,  the  editor  is  afraid,  ob 
serve  much  more  of  his  lordship's  character  in  such  particulars  of 
the  following  letter,  than  they  are  likely  to  find  of  that  rapid  tor 
rent  of  an  impetuous  and  overbearing  eloquence,  and  the  variety 
of  rich  imagery,  for  which  that  writer  is  justly  admired." 

A  few  months  afterwards,  in  the  same  year,  appeared  A 
Philosophical  Inquiry  into  the  Origin  of  our  Ideas  of  the 
Sublime  and  Beautiful,  Svo ;  pub.  by  Dodsley.  This  Essay 
was  received  with  great  applause. 

"  Of  this  celebrated  work,  so  long  before  the  public,  which  now 
forms  a  text-book  in  liberal  education,  and  one  of  reference  in  our 
universities,  little  more  need  be  said,  than  that  it  is  perfectly  orf- 
ginal  in  the  execution  and  design.  Longinus,  indeed,  had  written 
on  the  sublime,  and  Addison  partially  on  grandeur  and  beauty, 
but  neither  of  them  profoundly  nor  distinctly:  they  exemplify 
and  illustrate  rather  than  analyze,  or  dive  to  the  sources  of  those 
impressions  on  the  mind;  and  they  even  confound  the  sublime 
with  the  beautiful,  on  many  occasions.  But  Mr.  Burke's  book 
marks  the  line  between  them  so  distinctly,  as  that  they  cannot  be 
mistaken;  he  investigates  the  constituents  and  appearances  of 
each  scientifically,  and  illustrates  his  views  with  great  happiness." 
—PRIOR. 

"We  have  an  example  of  true  criticism  in  Burke's  Essay  on  the 
Sublime  and  Beautiful." — DR.  JOHNSON. 

"  Though  we  think  the  author  mistaken  in  many  of  his  funda 
mental  principles,  and  also  in  his  deductions  from  them,  yet  we 
must  say  we  have  read  his  book  with  pleasure.  He  has  certainly 
employed  much  thinking :  there  are  many  ingenious  and  elegant 
remarks,  which,  though  they  do  not  enforce  or  improve  his  first 
position,  yet,  considering  them  detached  from  his  system,  they  are 
new  and  just.  And  we  cannot  dismiss  this  article  without  recom 
mending  a  perusal  of  the  book  to  all  our  readers,  as  we  think  they 
will  be  recompensed  by  a  great  deal  of  sentiment,  a  perspicuous, 
elegant,  and  harmonious  style,  in  many  passages  both  sublime  and 
beautiful." — ARTHUR  MURPHY. 

Lord  Jeffrey  entirely  dissents  from  the  theory  pro 
pounded  by  Mr.  Burke : 

"  His  explanation  is  founded  upon  a  species  of  materialism, — 
not  much  to  have  been  expected  from  the  general  character  of  his 
genius,  or  the  strain  of  his  other  speculations, — for  it  resolves  en 
tirely  into  this,  that  all  objects  appear  beautiful  which  have  the 
power  of  producing  a  peculiar  relaxation  of  our  nerves  and  fibres, 
and  thus  inducing  a  certain  degree  of  bodily  languor  and  sinking. 
Of  all  the  suppositions  that  have  been  at  any  time  hazarded  to 
explain  the  phenomena  of  beauty,  this,  we  think,  is  the  most  un- 


BUR 

fortunate,  and  the  most  weakly  supported.  There  is  no  philosophy 
in  the  doctrine ;  and  the  fundamental  assumption  is  in  every  way 
contradicted  by  the  most  familiar  experience.  There  is  no  relax 
ation  of  the  fibres  in  the  perception  of  beauty,  and  there  is  no 
pleasure  in  the  relaxation  of  the  fibres.  If  there  were,  it  would 
follow  that  a  warm  bath  would  be  by  far  the  most  beautiful  thing 
in  the  world,  and  that  the  brilliant  lights  and  bracing  airs  of  a 
fine  autumn  morning  would  be  the  very  reverse  of  beautiful.  Ac 
cordingly,  though  the  treatise  alluded  to  will  always  be  valuable 
on  account  of  the  many  fine  and  just  remarks  it  contains,  we  are 
not  aware  that  there  is  any  accurate  inquirer  into  the  subject, 
(with  the  exception  perhaps  of  Mr.  Price,  in  whose  hands,  however, 
the  doctrine  assumes  a  new  character,)  by  whom  the  fundamental 
principles  of  the  theory  has  not  been  explicitly  abandoned."— 
Article  "  Beauty"  in  Encyc.  Brit.;  Jeffrey's  Miscellanies. 

Whatever  may  be  thought  of  the  correctness  of  Mr. 
Burke's  theory,  the  practical  value  of  his  treatise  to  him 
self  is  not  to  be  disputed,  for  it  at  once  secured  him  the 
acquaintance  of  Sir  Joshua  Reynolds,  Dr.  Samuel  Johnson, 
and  other  literary  celebrities,  wlrose  congenial  friendship 
formed  no  small  portion  of  the  happiness  of  his  future  life. 
In  June,  1758,  appeared  the  first  number  of  the  Annual 
Register,  which,  with  the  usual  longevity  attaching  to 
successful  English  periodicals,  is  published  to  the  present 
day.  This  review  of  the  civil,  political,  and  literary  trans 
actions  of  the  times,  is  said  to  have  been  suggested  to 
Dodsley,  the  publisher,  by  Burke.  He  conducted  it  for 
many  years,  and  when  no  longer  holding  the  pen  himself, 
directed  that  of  Mr.  Ireland,  his  substitute. 

Professor  Smyth,  in  his  lectures  upon  the  American 
War,  (one  of  the  exciting  topics  which  came  under  the 
notice  of  this  periodical,)  after  recommending  a  number 
of  publications  of  the  day,  remarks : 

"  They  who  are  not  at  leisure  to  examine  these  books  and  pam 
phlets,  will  find  the  volumes  of  the  Annual  Register  an  excellent 
substitute  for  them  all.  They  contain,  in  the  most  concise  form, 
the  most  able,  impartial,  and  authentic  history  of  the  dispute 
which  can  be  found.  The  account  is  understood  to  have  been 
drawn  up  by  Burke,  and  if  so,  (and  there  is  no  doubt  of  it,)  the 
arguments  on  each  side  are  displayed  with  an  impartiality  which 
is  quite  admirable." — Lectures  on  Modern  History. 

The  health  of  the  young  author  requiring  relaxation,  and 
the  care  of  a  judicious  adviser ;  his  friend  and  countryman, 
Dr.  Christopher  Nugent,  an  excellent  physician,  invited 
him  to  take  up  his  residence  in  his  own  hospitable  man 
sion,  that  he  might  be  the  better  able  to  study  his  case, 
and  administer  to  his  medical  wants.  The  good  doctor 
had  a  lovely  and  most  amiable  daughter; — the  rest  may 
be  readily  imagined :  the  patient  ventured  to  prescribe 
for  himself — the  disease  having  reached  the  heart,  and  re 
quiring  prompt  measures — and  in  1757  Miss  Jane  Mary 
Nugent  became  Mrs.  Edmund  Burke.  The  eulogy  of  this 
estimable  woman  may  be  written  in  one  sentence  of  her 
husband's ;  he  declared  that  amid  all  the  trials,  the  con 
flicts,  and  the  disappointments  of  political  life,  "every 
care  vanished  the  moment  he  entered  under  his  own  roof." 
She  who  can  thus  convert  her  husband's  "  castle"  into  a 
palace  of  pleasure  and  "bower  of  delights,"  finds  her 
priceless  reward  where  she  seeks  it,  in  the  affection  of  her 
husband  j  and  in  the  present  case,  what  higher  honour 
could  be  coveted  and  acquired  which  could  add  aught  of 
dignity  to  the  proud  title  of — the  wife  of  Edmund  Burke ! 
Two  sons  were  the  result  of  this  happy  union ;  Richard, 
who  died  unmarried  in  1794,  and  Christopher,  who  was 
called  away  whilst  yet  an  infant.  It  may  be  proper  to 
mention  here,  that  the  present  lineal  representative  of  Mr. 
Burke's  branch  of  his  family  is  Thomas  Haviland  Burke, 
Esq.,  of  Lincoln's  Inn,  grand-nephew  to  Edmund  Burke, 
and  son  of  Lieut.  Col.  Thomas  Haviland,  by  Mary  French, 
daughter  of  Juliana  Burke.  In  April,  1757,  was  published 
by  Dodsley,  An  Account  of  the  European  Settlements  in 
America,  2  vols.  Svo.  Notwithstanding  the  many  doubts 
expressed  as  to  the  authority  of  this  work,  we  have  no 
hesitation  in  ascribing  it  chiefly,  if  not  wholly,  to  our 
author.  Whilst  it  is  admitted  that  the  receipt  for  the 
copyright  in  his  handwriting  does  not  conclusively  settle 
the  question,  yet  the  internal  evidence  of  style  is  too 
strong  to  be  easily  resisted.  That  William  and  Richard 
Burke  may  have  contributed  to  its  pages  is  not  improbable. 

Dugald  Stewart  commends  it  as  a  masterly  sketch,  and 
Abbe"  Raynal  has  proved  his  admiration  by  the  free  use 
which  he  has  made  of  it  in  his  history  of  The  Revolution 
of  America,  1780. 

"It  is,  in  many  parts,  masterly;  the  reflections  just,  and  often 
original,  but  paraded,  perhaps,  too  formally  and  frequently  before 
the  reader,  so  as  sometimes  to  interfere  with  the  facts,  or  almost  to 
supersede  them.  The  style  is  what  may  be  termed  ambitious ; 
aiming  at  depth,  terseness,  and  brevity,  yet  too  frequently  be 
traying  the  effort."— PRIOR. 

"And  now  I  must  allude,  in  a  few  words,  to  a  celebrated  and 
somewhat  singular  work,  of  which  the  title  is,  '  An  Account  of  the 
Europeap  Settlements  in  America.'  I  would  recommend  the  pe 
rusal  of  this  work  before  the  details  I  have  proposed  [the  perusal 


BUR 

of  the  Histories  of  Robertson,  Raynal,  and  Marshall]  have  been 
gone  through;  that  is,  I  would  recommend  the  perusal  of  it  twice. 
It  may  be  a  map  of  the  subject  in  the  first  instance,  and  a  sum 
mary  in  the  second."— Prof.  Smyth's  Lectures  on  Mfdern  History. 

The  Essay  towards  an  Abridgment  of  the  English  His 
tory,  was  pub.  by  Dodsley  in  1757.  Only  eight  sheets 
were  issued,  as  the  author  abandoned  the  design,  probably 
from  hearing  that  Hume  had  taken  the  same  subject  in 
hand.  Burke's  Abridgment  possesses  no  little  merit,  and 
it  is  deeply  to  be  lamented  that  he  did  not  pursue  his  in 
tended  plan. 

"  It  displays  a  spirit  of  close  research  into  the  earlier  history  of 
our  island,  not  exceeded,  perhaps  not  equalled,  by  works  of  much 
greater  pretensions,  and  with  more  antiquarian  knowledge  than 
could  possibly  be  expected.  .  .  .  The  style  differs  from  that  of  the 
'  European  Settlements'  in  aiming  at  less  of  point  and  effect,  but 
possesses  simplicity  and  perspicuity.  On  the  whole,  it  is,  perhaps, 
the  best  abstract  of  that  remote  period  we  possess,  without  any 
admixture  of  the  fabulous  stories  so  common  to  the  age;  and  to 
youth  it  will  be  found  particularly  instructive." — PRIOR. 

In  1759  the  Earl  of  Charlemont  introduced  Burke  to 
William  Gerard  Hamilton,  more  familiarly  styled  Single- 
Speech  Hamilton, 

"  Who  after  a  few  able  efforts  in  the  House  of  Commons,  gained 
more  celebrity  by  afterwards  keeping  his  tongue  still,  than  many 
others  by  the  most  determined  volubility." 

In  1761  Hamilton  accompanied  Lord  Halifax  (appointed 
Lord-Lieutenant)  to  Ireland,  and  took  Burke  with  him  as 
his  private  secretary.  Mr.  Hamilton  held  the  high  official 
position  of  a  Lord  of  Trade,  and  had  diligently  laboured 
to  acquire  that  knowledge  of  the  philosophy  of  commerce 
and  principles  of  agriculture,  which  alone  could  render 
the  discharge  of  his  duties  honourable  to  himself  and  use 
ful  to  others.  But  a  few  conversations  with  his  young 
secretary  convinced  him  that,  in  future  conferences,  the 
master  must  consent  to  be  scholar,  rather  than  aspire  to 
the  post  of  instructor.  The  following  remarks,  extracted 
from  the  preface  to  the  Thoughts  and  Details  on  Scarcity, 
presented  by  Mr.  Burke  to  the  Rt.  Hon.  William  Pitt,  are 
not  without  interest  in  this  connection : 

"  Agriculture,  and  the  commerce  connected  with  and  dependent 
upon  it,  form  one  of  the  most  considerable  branches  of  political 
economy ;  and  as  such,  Mr.  Burke  diligently  studied  them.  In 
deed,  when  he  began  to  qualify  himself  for  the  exalted  rank  which 
he  afterwards  held  among  statesmen,  he  laid  a  broad  and  deep 
foundation:  and  to  an  accurate  research  into  the  constitution, 
the  laws,  the  civil  and  military  history  of  these  kingdoms,  he 
joined  an  enlightened  acquaintance  with  the  whole  circle  of  our 
commercial  system.  On  his  first  introduction,  when  a  young 
man,  to  the  late  Mr.  Gerard  Hamilton,  who  was  then  a  Lord  of 
Trade,  the  latter  ingenuously  confessed  to  a  friend  still  living, 
how  sensibly  he  felt  his  own  inferiority,  much  as  he  had  endea 
voured  to  inform  himself,  and  aided  as  he  was  by  official  docu 
ments  inaccessible  to  any  private  person.  He  was  also  consulted, 
and  the  greatest  deference  was  paid  to  his  opinions,  by  Dr.  Adam 
Smith,  in  the  progress  of  the  celebrated  work  on  the  Wealth  of 
Nations." 

In  this  station,  his  first  public  employment,  Burke  proved 
very  serviceable,  and  in  1763  was  rewarded  with  a  pension 
of  £300  per  annum  on  the  Irish  list.  This  pension  he 
voluntarily  relinquished  in  1764,  on  the  occasion  of  a  dis 
agreement  with  Hamilton,  the  particulars  of  which  are 
well  known.  In  1765  occurred'  an  event  which  decided 
the  future  course  of  Burke's  life,  and  introduced  him  to 
that  seat  in  the  national  councils  from  which  he  so  long 
instructed  his  countrymen  by  his  wisdom,  and  astonished 
the  world  by  the  brilliancy  of  his  genius.  Mr.  Fitzherbert 
recommended  him  to  the  Marquis  of  Rockingham,  the 
leader  of  the  Whigs  in  power,  as  a  fit  person  for  his  pri 
vate  secretary,  and  his  lordship  appointed  him  to  the  post 
one  week  after  he  himself  had  been  called  to  the  head  of 
the  treasury.  A  cordial  friendship  sprung  up  between  the 
marquis  and  his  secretary,  which  continued  unbroken  until 
the  death  of  the  former  in  1782.  In  1766  Mr.  Burke  took 
his  seat  in  Parliament  as  member  for  Wendover,  a  borough 
belonging  to  Lord  Verney. 

"It  may  be  safely  said  that  probably  no  man  had  ever  entered 
Parliament  so  well  trained  and  accomplished  by  previous  acquire 
ments,  and  by  intellectual  discipline." 

It  is  not  a  little  remarkable  that  on  the  very  first  day 
on  which  he  took  his  seat,  he  astonished  the  assembled 
wisdom  of  the  House  with  a  burst  of  eloquence  which 
elicited  the  warm  commendations  of  the  celebrated  Wil 
liam  Pitt,  afterwards  Earl  of  Chatham.  He  remarked  that 
The  young  member  had  proved  a  very  able  advocate;  he  had 
himself  intended  to  enter  at  length  into  the  details,  but  hi  to 
been  anticipated  with  so  much  ingenuity  and  eloquence,  that  there 
was  little  left  for  him  to  say ;  he  congratulated  him  on  his  success 
and  his  friends  on  the  value  of  the  acquisition  they  had  made." 

His  friends,  who  had  been  his  delighted  auditors  in  the 
gallery,  crowded  around  him— the  faithful  Arthur  Murphy 

among  them,   almost    beside    himself   with  joy as   he 

emerged  from  the  House,  and  congratulated  him  upon  his 
brilliant  success.    The  good  news  travelled  fast,  and  soon 
290 


BUR 

'  gladdened  "  The  Literary  Club,"  of  which  Burke  was  the 
,  most  brilliant  ornament.     One  of  the  members,  whose  va- 
|  nity  had  been  wounded  by  being  foiled  in  a  controversy 
:  with  Burke,  expressed  some  surprise  at  the  proud  position 
before  the  country  which  the  great  orator  had  so  suddenly 
assumed.     This  unworthy  sneer  was  too  much  for  the  equa 
nimity  of  the  gruff  yet  warm-hearted  author  of  Rasselas; 
he  turned  to  the  offender,  and  with  bent  brow  vociferated : 

"  Sir,  there  is  no  wonder  at  all !  We,  who  know  Mr.  Burke,  know 
that  he  will  be  one  of  the  first  men  in  the  country !" 

The  delighted  lexicographer  seized  his  pen,  and  wrote 
to  Langton : 

"  Burke  has  gained  more  reputation  than  perhaps  any  man  at 
his  first  appearance  ever  gained  before.  He  made  two  speeches  in 
the  House  for  repealing  the  Stamp  Act,  which  were  publicly  com 
mended  by  Mr.  Pitt,  and  have  filled  the  town  with  wonder.  .  .  . 
Burke  is  a  great  man  by  nature,  and  is  expected  soon  to  attain 
civil  greatness." 

We  shall  have  occasion  hereafter  to  make  some  further 
quotations  from  Johnson's  many  attestations  to  the  extra 
ordinary  genius  of  his  friend. 

We  have  now  seen  Mr  Burke  fairly  launched  in  public 
life,  in  which  he  continued  until  within  three  years  of  his 
death — his  last  appearance  in  the  House  of  Commons  oc 
curring  June  20th,  1794 — and  it  is  inconsistent  with  the 
plan  of  our  work  to  enter  into  any  detailed  history  of  his 
political  labours.  These  form  an  important  part  of  the 
history  of  his  country  for  a  quarter  of  a  century.  Some 
of  the  principal  we  shall  have  occasion  to  refer  to  here 
after.  We  now  proceed  to  notice  some  of  the  most  im 
portant  of  Mr.  Burke's  publications.  The  edition  of  his 
Works  and  Correspondence,  pub.  by  F.  &  J.  Rivington, 
Lon.,  1852,  in  8  vols.  8vo,  contains  the  whole  of  the  20 
volumes  previously  published.  A  Short  Account  of  a  late 
short  Administration,  1766.  This,  the  author's  first  poli 
tical  pamphlet,  is  an  exposition  of  the  twelve  months' 
administration  of  the  Rockingham  ministry.  It  was  anony 
mous. 

Observations  on  a  late  Publication  entitled  The  Present 
State  of  the  Nation,  1769.  The  Present  State,  <fec.  was 
the  production  of  Mr.  Grenville,  or  his  former  secretary, 
Mr.  Knox. 

"  Mr.  Burke  fairly  convicts  his  opponent  of  inconclusive  reason 
ing,  of  inaccuracy  in  many  parts  of  his  subject,  and  of  ignorance 
as  to  facts  and  details  on  the  great  principles  of  commerce  and 
revenue,  on  which  Mr.  Grenville  particularly  plumed  himself." — 
PRIOR. 

The  5th  edit,  of  this  pamphlet  was  published  in  1782. 
Thoughts  on  the  Cause  of  the  Present  Discontents,  1773. 
Letter  to  the  Sheriffs  of  Bristol,  1777.  This  was  a  vindi 
cation  of  his  line  of  conduct  on  the  American  Question. 
His  Thirteen  Propositions  for  quieting  the  troubles  in 
America,  had  been  submitted  in  March,  1775.  His  power 
ful  advocacy  of  Colonial  interests  strengthened  the  heart 
and  nerved  the  arm  of  the  American  patriots,  and  his 
exertions  on  their  behalf  were  rewarded  by  a  nation's  gra 
titude.  As  early  as  1771  the  State  of  New  York  had  ap 
pointed  Mr.  Burke  its  agent,  an  office  which  added  some 
£700  per  annum  to  his  income.  Reflections  on  the  Revo 
lution  in  France,  1790,  in  a  Letter  to  a  French  gentleman. 
This  work  was  translated  into  French  by  M.  Dupont,  and 
at  once  took  a  strong  hold  of  the  public  mind  of  Europe. 
It  was  elaborated  with  great  care,  more  than  a  dozen  proofs 
being  worked  off  and  destroyed  before  the  classical  taste 
of  the  author  was  satisfied.  Within  the  first  year  about 
19,000  copies  were  sold  in  England,  and  about  13,000  in 
France.  The  first  demand  continued  in  England  until 
30,000  copies  were  absorbed;  and  some  experienced  book 
sellers  have  declared  that  the  sale  was  greater  than  of  any 
preceding  book  whatever  of  the  same  price,  (5  shillings.) 
It  has  been  remarked  that  perhaps  no  writer  was  ever  be 
fore  so  complimented.  The  Sovereigns  assembled  at  Pil- 
nitz — the  Emperor  of  Germany  being  of  the  number — 
the  Princes  of  France,  the  Empress  of  Russia,  and  the 
King  of  England,  hastened  to  honour  that  genius  which 
dignified  human  nature  and  would  have  ennobled  the  low 
est  of  the  race.  George  of  England — with  all  his  faults, 
one  of  the  best  kings  who  ever  sat  upon  the  British  throne 
— personally  distributed  the  work  he  so  much  admired, 
with  the  emphatic  commendation  that  it  was  "a  book 
which  every  gentleman  ought  to  read." 

Stanislaus  of  Poland  sent  the  author  his  likeness  on  a 
gold  medal,  with  a  letter  written  in  English,  "  deeming 
that  language  the  most  copious  and  energetic  to  convey 
the  high  sense  which  he  entertained  of  his  patriotism  and 
talents." 

The  venerable  seats  of  that  priceless  learning  which 
preserves  the  records  of  the  experience  of  the  past,  that  it 
may  be  converted  to  the  wisdom  of  the  future,  vied  with 


BUR 

each  other  in  their  expressions  of  esteem  for  "the  powerful 
advocate  of  the  constitution,  the  friend  of  public  order, 
virtue,  and  the  happiness  of  mankind."  The  Doctors  of 
Trinity  College,  Dublin,  famed  for  profound  indoctrina 
tion  in  the  beauties  and  subtilties  of  the  language  of  Cicero 
and  Horace,  reverentially  laid  their  tribute  at  the  feet  of 
a  master  whose  eloquence  as  much  exceeded  the  loftiest 
strains  of  the  one  as  his  withering  exposure  of  the  crimes 
of  an  insane  Democracy  surpassed  the  biting  satire  of  the 
other.  The  resident  graduates  of  the  University  of  Ox 
ford — which  from  the  time  of  Alfred  has  opened  her  gates 
to  send  forth,  for  the  instruction  of  mankind,  teachers  pro 
foundly  versed  in  sacred  and  classic  lore — presented  their 
admiring  acknowledgments  to  the  champion  who  had  so 
eloquently  and  ably  defended  those  principles  for  the  ad 
vancement  of  which  it  was  their  province  to  labour.  The 
reverend  dignitaries  of  the  Churches  of  England  and 
France  pronounced  their  benedictions  upon  one  who,  in  an 
age  of  infidelity,  exalted  the  inspiration  of  the  written 
word,  and  pointed  to  the  Cross  of  the  Redeemer  as  the 
only  infallible  refuge  for  man  amidst  the  calamities  and 
disorders  of  a  fallen  world.  Who  indeed  can  peruse  the 
Reflections  without  admiration  of  the  genius,  even  if  he 
question  some  of  the  sentiments,  of  the  gifted  author  ? 

The  publication  of  opinions  so  hostile  to  the  English 
sympathizers  with  the  French  Revolutionists — soon  regi 
cides — produced  confusion  in  their  ranks,  and  hastened  that 
separation  between  Burke  and  Fox  which  sooner  or  later 
seemed  inevitable.  On  the  6th  of  May  of  the  next  year, 
occurred  that  memorable  scene — the  rupture  between  these 
distinguished  men — to  the  pathos  and  interest  of  which 
neither  pen  nor  pencil  can  do  justice.  The  subject  before 
the  House  was  the  Canada  Bill,  and  Mr.  Burke  opened  the 
debate.  Previous  to  the  recess,  Mr.  Fox  had,  by  implica 
tion,  thrown  out  a  challenge  to  Burke  to  discuss  the  vexed 
question  of  the  French  Revolution.  Mr.  Burke  had  no 
opportunity  to  reply  before  the  next  meeting  of  the  House. 
In  his  opening  speech  he  adverted  to  it,  but  was  immedi 
ately  called  to  order  by  Mr.  Fox,  as  touching  on  forbidden 
grounds.  Mr.  Burke,  surprised  by  this  rudeness,  attempted 
a  reply,  but  was  again  and  again  interrupted  by  Fox,  with 
whom  others  now  joined,  and  Burke  listened  with  asto 
nishment  and  mortification  whilst  the  late  friend  of  his 
bosom  assailed  him  with  the  bitterest  irony  and  keenest 
invective,  only  made  the  more  poignant  by  professions  of 
unbounded  admiration  of  his  genius  and  abilities.  Mr. 
Burke  at  length  was  allowed  an  opportunity  to  reply.  He 
rose  amidst  profound  silence,  for  there  was  something  in 
that  unruffled  brow,  something  in  that  eye,  and  in  the  tones 
of  that  eloquent  voice  which  had  so  long  "  taught  senators 
wisdom,"  and  under  whose  rebuke  the  proudest  nobles  of 
the  land  had  often  stood  abashed — something  there  was 
which  told  every  beating  heart  that  this  would  be  a  day 
long  to  be  remembered  by  the  Commons  of  England.  He 
complained  of  "  being  treated  with  harshness  and  malig 
nity,  for  which  the  motive  seemed  unaccountable ; — of  be 
ing  personally  attacked  from  a  quarter  where  he  least  ex 
pected  it,  after  an  intimacy  of  more  than  twenty-two  years ; 
of  his  public  sentiments  and  writings  being  garbled,  and 
his  confidential  communications  violated,  to  give  colour  to 
an  unjust  charge;  and  that  though  at  his  time  of  life  it 
was  obviously  indiscreet  to  provoke  enemies,  or  to  lose 
friends,  as  he  could  not  hope  for  the  opportunity  necessary 
to  acquire  others,  yet  if  his  steady  adherence  to  the  British 
constitution  placed  him  in  such  a  dilemma,  he  would  risk 
all,  and  as  public  duty  and  public  prudence  taught  him, 
with  his  last  breath,  exclaim,  <  Fly  from  the  French  con 
stitution.'"  Mr.  Fox  was  alarmed  at  the  consequences  of 
his  indiscretion ;  he  whispered  to  the  friend  who  had  long 
loved  and  borne  with  him,  "There  is  no  loss  of  friend 
ship  !"  "  Yes,  there  is !"  replied  Burke ;  "  I  know  the  price 
of  my  conduct !  I  have  indeed  made  a  great  sacrifice  :  I 
have  done  my  duty,  though  I  have  lost  my  friend !"  A 
painful  scene  now  ensued.  Fox  rose  in  great  agitation.  He 
trembled  at  the  results  of  his  folly;  and  felt  that  his  pu 
nishment  was  more  than  he  could  bear.  In  vain  he  essayed 
to  speak,  and  he  stood  the  picture  of  contrition  before  the 
House,  until  at  last  nature  found  relief  in  tears.  He  turned 
to  the  friend  whose  feelings  he  had  so  deeply  outraged — 
that  friend,  too,  one  of  the  noblest  of  his  kind  :  he  con 
jured  him  in  the  most  pathetic  terms — by  "the  remem 
brance  of  their  past  attachment — their  unalienable  friend 
ship — their  reciprocal  affection,  as  dear  and  almost  as 
binding  as  the  ties  of  nature  between  father  and  son, — he 
conjured  him  to  revoke  his  renunciation  and  forget  the 
past !"  But,  unfortunately,  after  all  this  burst  of  grief 
and  affection,  foolishly — unaccountably — for  some  demon 


BUR 

seemed  to  have  entered  into  Fox  that  unhappy  day — he 
again  gave  loose  to  the  frenzy  which  appeared  to  actuate 
him — and  again  and  again  offended.  The  breach  was 
never  healed. 

In  1794  Mr.  Burke  was  struck  to  the  earth  by  a  blow 
which  robbed  life  of  its  attractions,  and  rendered  him  in 
different  to  the  trappings  of  rank  with  which  his  sovereign 
had  purposed  to  honour  his  declining  years.  In  the  spring 
of  that  year  he  had  followed  his  only  and  beloved  brother 
to  the  grave,  and  before  autumn  had  changed  the  foliage 
of  the  woods,  his  son,  an  only  son,  was  called  to  the  "nar 
row  house  appointed  for  all  living."  Young  Burke  had 
accepted  a  post  in  Ireland,  but 

"  He  was  sinking  into  consumption,  and  his  physicians  detained 
him  from  his  duties ;  not  daring,  however,  to  apprize  his  father  of 
the  danger,  for  they  knew  that,  like  the  patriarch  of  old,  '  his  life 
was  bound  up  in  the  lad's  life,'  and  were  convinced  that  a  know 
ledge  of  the  truth  would  prove  fatal  to  him  sooner  than  to  his  son. 
He  was,  therefore,  kept  in  ignorance  until  a  week  before  the  clos 
ing  scene,  and  from  that  tune  until  all  was  over,  '  he  slept  not,  he 
scarcely  tasted  food,  or  ceased  from  the  most  affecting  lamenta 
tions.'  The  last  moments  of  young  Burke  present  one  of  those 
striking  cases  in  which  nature  seems  to  rally  all  her  powers  at  the 
approach  of  dissolution,  as  the  taper  often  burns  brightest  in  the 
act  of  going  out.  His  father  was  waiting  his  departure  in  an  ad 
joining  room,  (for  he  was  unable  to  bear  the  sight,)  when  he  rose 
from  his  bed,  dressed  himself  completely,  and  leaning  on  his  nurse, 
entered  the  room  where  he  was  sitting.  '  Speak  to  me,  my  dear  la 
ther,'  said  he,  as  he  saw  him  bowed  to  the  earth  under  the  poignancy 
of  his  grief,  '  I  am  in  no  terror;  I  feel  myself  better  and  in  spirits; 
yet  my  heart  flutters.  I  know  not  why !  Pray  tnlk  to  me — of  reli 
gion — of  morality — of  indifferent  subjects.'  Then,  returning  to 
his  room,  he  exclaimed,  '  What  noise  is  that  ?  Does  it  rain  ?'  '  No ; 
it  is  the  rustling  of  the  wind  in  the  trees.'  The  invalid  then  broke 
out  at  once  with  a  clear,  sweet  voice  in  that  beautiful  passage  (the 
favourite  lines  of  his  father)  from  the  Morning  Hymn  in  Milton : 
'  His  praise,  ye  winds,  that  from  four  quarters  blow, 
Breathe  soft  or  loud ;  and  wave  your  tops,  ye  pines, 
With  every  plant,  in  sign  of  worship,  wave !' 

"  He  began  again  and  again,  repeated  them  with  the  same  ten 
derness  and  fervour,  bowing  his  head  as  in  the  act  of  worship,  and 
then  sank  into  the  arms  of  his  parents,  as  in  a  profound  and 
sweet  sleep.  It  would  be  too  painful  to  dwell  on  scenes  that  fol 
lowed,  until  the  father  laid  all  that  remained  to  him  of  his  child 
beneath  the  Beaconsfield  Church,  adjoining  his  estate.  From  that 
hour  he  never  looked,  if  he  could  avoid  it,  toward  that  church ! 
Eighteen  months  after,  when  be  had  somewhat  recovered  his  com 
posure,  he  thus  adverted  to  his  loss  in  his  celebrated  Letter  to  a 
Noble  Lord :  '  The  storm  has  gone  over  me,  and  I  lie  like  one  of 
those  old  oaks  which  the  late  hurricane  has  scattered  around  me. 
I  am  stripped  of  all  my  honours ;  I  am  torn  up  by  the  roots,  and 
lie  prostrate  to  the  earth !  There,  and  prostrate  there,  I  must  un- 
feignedly  recognise  the  divine  justice,  and  in  some  degree  submit 
to  it.  ...  1  am  alone  !  I  have  none  to  meet  my  enemies  in  the  gate.' " 
See  Dr.  French  Laurence's  Letter  to  Mrs.  Haviland. 

It  is  hardly  necessary  at  this  day  to  do  more  than  briefly 
notice  the  alleged  identity  of  Mr.  Burke  with  the  author 
of  the  Letters  of  Junius.  At  one  time  it  was  generally 
believed  that  he  was  the  author,  and  Mr.  Roche  made  out 
so  strong  a  case  in  his  Inquiry  that  even  the  quick-witted 
Anti-Jacobin  Review  was  completely  convinced,  as  the 
following  verdict  testifies : 

"  We  feel  it  our  duty  before  we  enter  into  any  particulars  re 
specting  this  work,  to  declare,  that  it  has  fully  convinced  us  of  the 
truth  which  it  is  intended  to  establish ;— that  the  Letters  of  Ju 
nius  were  written  by  the  Right  Honourable  Edmund  Burke.  Mr. 
Roche  has,  indeed,  brought  together  such  a  body  of  evidence,  in 
ternal,  direct,  and  circumstantial,  as  must  eventually  settle  this 
interesting  and  long-disputed  question." 

We  shall  not  be  expected  to  give  any  opinion  upon  a 
point  on  which  most  literary  men  have  their  own  theory. 
The  matter  will  be  adverted  to  again  in  our  notice  of  SIB 
PHILIP  FRANCIS.  That  Mr.  Burke  at  least  knew  who  the 
author  was,  we  have  good  reason  to  believe, — but  he  "  died 
and  made  no  sign."  We  know  an  English  gentleman  who 
protests  that  he  possesses  the  secret,  and  he  may  reveal 
something  further. 

Of  all  those  speeches  by  which  he  acquired  such  renown, 
Mr.  Burke  prepared  the  following  only  for  the  press :  1. 
On  American  Taxation ;  delivered  April  9,  1774.  2.  On 
Conciliation  with  America;  March  22,  1775.  3.  On  Eco 
nomical  Reform  ;  Feb.  20,  1780.  4.  At  Bristol,  previous 
to  the  Election;  September  6,  1780.  5.  On  Declining  the 
Election  at  Bristol ;  September  9,  1780.  6.  On  the  East 
India  Bill  of  Mr.  Fox;  December  1,  If 83.  7.  On  the 
Nabob  of  Arcot's  Debts,  Feb.  18,  1Y85.  All  of  these,  with 
the  exception  of  that  On  Economical  Reform,  will  be 
found  in  the  Rev.  Dr.  Chauncey  A.  Goodrich's  Select  Bri 
tish  Eloquence,  where  the  reader  may  also  peruse  an  ad 
mirable  analysis  of  Mr.  Burke's  characteristics  as  an  au 
thor  and  an  orator.  The  great  speech  of  July  16,  1794, 
On  the  Impeachment  of  Warren  Hastings,  Mr.  Burke 
never  prepared  for  the  press.  Mr.  Macaulay  has  sketched 
the  august  spectacle  of  that  day  in  colours  but  little  less 
vivid  than  those  which  exposed  the  gigantic  wickedness 


BUR 

of  the  late  Governor-General  of  India.  He  also  does  jus-  ! 
tice  to  the  purity  of  motive  and  laudable  philanthropy 
which  actuated  Burke  in-  this  prosecution,  and  properly 
rebukes  the  disreputable  attempt  of  the  reverend  biogra 
pher  (Gleig)  of  Hastings  to  impute  petty  malice  to  a  mind 
too  noble  to  harbour  such  an  unworthy  tenant.  Of  all  the 
flattering  portrait-painters  of  the  age,  perhaps  the  most 
successful  in  converting  deformity  into  beauty  are  Mr. 
Basil  Montagu,  Sir  John  Malcolm,  and  the  Rev.  Dr.  Gleig : 
see  portraits  of  Bacon,  Clive,  and  Hastings,  as  sketched 
by  these  great  masters.  We  shall  now,  in  justice  to  the 
illustrious  subject  of  our  notice,  and  that  we  may  not  be 
suspected  of  extravagance  in  the  eulogies  for  which  we 
are  personally  responsible,  quote  from  the  recorded  opinion 
of  a  number  of  his  contemporaries  and  successors : 

"  There  never  was  a  more  beautiful  alliance  between  virtue  and 
talents.  All  his  conceptions  were  kind,  all  his  sentiments  gene 
rous.  .  .  .  The  sublimest  talents,  the  greatest  and  rarest  virtues 
that  the  beneficence  of  Providence  ever  concentrated  in  a  single 
character  for  the  benefit  of  mankind.  But  Mr.  Burke  was  too  su 
perior  to  the  age  in  which  he  lived.  His  prophetic  genius  only 


BUR 


astonished  the  nation  which  it  ought  to  have  governed."— M.     he  did  : 


™  * 


"  When  he  has  roused  us  with  the  thunders  of  his  eloquence, 
he  can  at  once,  Tirnotheus-like,  choose  a  melancholy  theme,  and 
melt  us  into  pity :  there  is  grace  in  his  anger,  for  he  can  inveigh 
without  vulgarity;  he  can  modulate  the  strongest  burst  of  pas 
sion,  for  even  in  his  madness  there  is  music." — CUMBERLAND. 

"  That  volume  of  voice,  that  superabundant  richness  and  fer 
tility  of  fancy,  that  vast  grasp  and  range  of  mind,  which  Mr. 
Burke  possessed  beyond  all  created  beings." 

On  one  occasion  Mr.  Shackleton,  after  listening  to  some 
of  Burke's  conversational  eloquence,  remarked  aside  to  the 
orator's  son,  "  He  is  the  greatest  man  of  the  age."  "  He  is," 
replied  the  son,  with  filial  enthusiasm,  "the  greatest  man 
of  any  age !"  It  is  to  be  here  observed  that  Burke,  with 
that  remarkable  modesty  which  so  eminently  distinguished 
him,  and  which  prevented  his  making  a  collection  of  his 
writings,  considered  his  son's  talents  as  far  superior  to  his 
own.  Wilberforce  remarked : 

"  His  eloquence  had  always  attracted,  his  imagination  continu 
ally  charmed,  his  reasonings  often  convinced,  him.  Of  his  head 
and  his  heart,  of  his  abilities  and  of  his  humanity,  of  his  rectitude 
and  perseverance,  no  man  could  entertain  a  higher  opinion  than 


"  I  do  not  reckon  it  amongst  the  least  calamities  of  the  times,  | 
certainly  not  among  those  that  affect  me  least,  that  the  world  has  i 
now  lost  Mr.  Burke.  Oh !  how  much  may  we  rue  that  his  counsels  j 
were  not  followed.  Oh !  how  exactly  do  we  see  verified  all  that  he  , 
has  predicted !"— WINDHAM. 

"  He  must  again  repeat  that  all  he  ever  knew  of  men,  that  all 
he  ever  read  in  books,  that  all  his  reasoning  faculties  informed  ; 
him  of,  or  his  fancy  suggested  to  him,  did  not  impart  that  exalted 
knowledge,  that  superior  information,  which  he  had  acquired 
from  the  lessons  of  his  right  honourable  friend.  To  him  he  owed 
all  his  fame,  if  fame  he  had  any.  And  if  he  (Mr.  Fox)  should 
now,  or  at  any  time,  prevail  over  him  in  discussion,  he  could  ac 
knowledge  his  gratitude  for  the  capability  and  pride  of  the  con 
quest  in  telling  him  '  Hoc  ipsum  quod  vincit  id  est  tuum.'  "—Mr. 
Fox's  Speech  in  the  House  of  Commons  on  the  occasion  of  his  rupture 
vrith  Mr.  Burke. 

At  the  moment  of  proposing  Mr.  Burke's  interment  in 
Westminster  Abbey,  he  again  repeated  the  same  acknow 
ledgments  in  terms  which,  in  the  words  of  a  member  in 
attendance,  "  drew  tears  from  every  one  present  who  had 
any  feelings  at  all,  or  could  sympathize  in  the  excellence 
of  the  great  genius  before  them,  or  with  the  still  greater 
excellence  of  the  genius  who  had  departed." 

"  Burke  understands  every  thing  but  gaming  and  music.  In 
the  House  of  Commons  I  sometimes  think  him  only  the  second 
man  in  England ;  out  of  it  he  is  always  the  first."— GERARD  HA 
MILTON. 

"  The  admiration,  nay  astonishment,  with  which  I  so  often  list 
ened  to  Mr.  Burke,  gave  an  interest  to  every  spot  connected  with 
his  memory,  and  forcibly  brought  to  my  recollection  the  profun 
dity  and  extent  of  his  knowledge,  while  the  energy,  warmth,  and 
beauty  of  his  imagery,  captured  the  heart,  and  made  the  judgment 
tributary  to  the  will.  As  an  orator  he  surpassed  all  his  contem 
poraries,  and  was  perhaps  never  exceeded." — CURWEN. 
Another  contemporary  remarks : 

"The  political  knowledge  of  Mr.  Burke  might  be  considered  al 
most  as  an  Encyclopaedia:  every  man  who  approached  him  re 
ceived  instruction  from  his  stores." 

One  who  generally  opposed  him  in  politics  acknowledges 
that 

"  Learning  waited  upon  him  as  a  handmaid,  presenting  to  his 
choice  all  that  antiquity  had  culled  or  invented;  he  often  seemed 
to  be  oppressed  under  the  load  and  variety  of  his  intellectual  trea 
sures.  Every  power  of  oratory  was  wielded  by  him  in  turn;  for 
he  could  be  during  the  same  evening  pathetic  and  humorous, 
acrimonious  and  conciliating;  now  giving  a  loose  to  his  indigna 
tion  and  severity,  and  then,  almost  in  the  same  breath,  calling  to 
his  assistance  ridicule,  wit,  and  mockery." 
Another  political  opponent  remarks  : 
"  As  an  orator,  notwithstanding  some  defects,  he  stands  almost 
unrivalled.  No  man  was  better  calculated  to  arouse  the  dormant 
passions,  to  call  forth  the  glowing  affections  of  the  human  heart, 
and  to  '  harrow  up'  the  inmost  recesses  of  the  soul.  Venality  and 
meanness  stood  appalled  in  his  presence ;  he  who  was  dead  to  the 
feelings  of  his  own  conscience  was  still  alive  to  his  animated  re 
proaches  ;  and  corruption  for  a  while  became  alarmed  at  the  ter 
rors  of  his  countenance." 

"  His  learning  is  so  various  and  extensive  that  we  might  praise 
it  for  its  range  and  compass,  were  it  not  still  more  praiseworthy 
for  its  solidity  and  depth.  His  imagination  is  so  lively  and  so  crea 
tive,  that  he  may  justly  be  called  the  child  of  fancy;  and,  there 
fore,  his  enemies,  for  even  he  is  not  without  them,  would  persuade 
us  that  his  fancy  overbears  his  judgment.  .  .  .  His  grand  charac 
teristic  is  genius,  and  his  ruling  faculty  is  judgment.  .  .  .  Whilst 

he  persuades  as  an  orator,  he  instructs  as  a  philosopher  " REV 

THOMAS  CAMPBELL,  author  of  the  History  of  Ireland. 

"  Of  his  talents  and  acquirements  in  general,  it  is  unnecessary 
to  speak.  They  were  long  the  glory  of  his  country  and  the  admi 
ration  of  Europe ;  they  might  have  been  (had  it  consisted  with  the 
inscrutable  counsels  of  Divine  Providence)  the  salvation  of  both 
If  not  the  most  accomplished  orator,  yet  the  most  eloquent  man 
of  his  age,  perhaps  second  to  none  in  any  age,  he  had  still  more 
wisdom  than  eloquence.  He  diligently  collected  it  from  the  wise 
of  all  ages;  but  what  he  had  so  obtained  he  enriched  from  the 
vast  treasury  of  his  own  observation."— DR.  FRENCH  LAURENCE. 
«I  admire  his  eloquence;  I  approve  his  politics;  I  adore  hi 


When  the  public  mind  was  darkened  that  it  could  not  discern, 
when  in  every  quarter  of  the  heaven  appeared  vapour  and  mist  and 
cloud  and  exhalation,  at  this  very  hour  the  morning  horizon  be 
gan  suddenly  to  redden :  it  was  the  dawn.     Then,  indeed, 
'  First  in  his  east  the  glorious  lamp  was  seen, 
Regent  of  day!' 

That  luminary  was  EDMUND  BURKE.  ...  I  would  record  in  lasting 
.haracters,  and  in  our  holiest  and  most  honourable  temple,  the  de 
parted  Orator  of  England,  the  Statesman  and  the  Christian,  Ei>- 
IIUND  BURKE.  Remuneratio  ejus  Cum  Altissimo!" — Pursuits  of 
Literature. 

The  name  of  Burke  will  be  remembered  with  admiration  when 
those  of  Pitt  and  Fox  will  be  comparatively  forgotten." — LORD 
THURLOW. 

"  Let  me  speak  what  my  mind  prompts  of  the  eloquence  of 
Burke ;  of  Burke,  by  whose  sweetness  Athens  herself  would  have 
been  soothed,  with  whose  amplitude  and  exuberance  she  would 
have  been  enraptured,  and  on  whose  lips  that  prolific  mother  of 
genius  and  science  would  have  adored,  confessed,  the  Goddess  of 
Persuasion.  .  . .  Who  is  there  among  men  of  eloquence  or  learning 
more  profoundly  versed  in  every  branch  of  science  ?  Who  is  there 
that  has  cultivated  philosophy,  the  parent  of  all  that  is  illustrious 
in  literature  or  exploit,  with  more  felicitous  success?  .  .  Who  is 
there  that  combines  the  charm  of  invisible  grace  and  urbanity  with 
such  magnificent  and  boundless  expansion?"— DR.  PARR.  See  these 
opinions  and  others  in  Prior's  Life  of  Burke. 

In  conversation  Burke  was  as  unrivalled  as  in  oratory. 
Johnson  was  the  first  man  in  the  literary  circles  of  London 
when  Burke  was  absent,  but  he  knew  himself  to  be  only 
second  in  the  presence  of  Burke.  It  was  a  "  striking  spec 
tacle  to  see  one  so  proud  and  stubborn,  who  had  for  years 
been  accustomed  to  give  forth  his  dicta  with  the  authority 
of  an  oracle,  submit  to  contradiction  from  a  youth  of 
twenty-seven.  But  though  Johnson  differed  from  Burke 
in  politics,  he  always  did  him  justice.  He  spoke  of  him 
from  the  first  in  terms  of  the  highest  respect."  He  re 
marked  to  Boswell : 

" '  I  do  not  grudge  Burke's  being  the  first  man  in  the  House  of 
Commons,  for  he  is  the  first  everywhere.'  '  Burke,'  be  remarked 
upon  another  occasion,  '  is  an  extraordinary  man.  His  stream  of 
talk  is  perpetual ;  and  he  does  not  talk  from  any  desire  of  distinc 
tion,  but  because  his  mind  is  full.  ...  He  is  the  only  man  whose 
common  conversation  corresponds  with  the  general  fame  which 
he  has  in  the  world.  Take  him  up  where  you  please,  he  is  ready 
to  meet  you.  ...  No  man  of  sense  could  meet  Burke  by  accident 
under  a  gateway,  to  avoid  a  shower,  without  being  convinced  that 
he  was  the  first  man  in  England." 

"  A  striking  confirmation  of  this  remark  occurred  some  year? 
after,  when  Mr.  Burke  was  passing  through  Lichfield,  the  birth 
place  of  Johnson.  Wishing  to  see  the  Cathedral,  during  the  change 
of  horses,  he  stepped  into  the  building,  and  was  met  by  one  of  the 
clergy  of  the  place,  who  kindly  offered  to  point  out  the  principal 
objects  of  curiosity.  A  conversation  ensued,  but  in  a  few  moments 
the  clergyman's  pride  of  local  information  was  completely  subdued 
by  the  copious  and  intricate  knowledge  displayed  by  the  stranger. 
Whatever  topic  the  objects  before  them  suggested,  whether  the 
theme  was  architecture  or  antiquities,  some  obscure  passage  in 
ecclesiastical  history,  or  some  question  respecting  the  life  of  a  saint, 
he  touched  it  as  with  a  sunbeam.  His  information  appeared  uni 
versal;  his  mild,  clear  intellect,  without  one  particle  of  Ignorance. 
A  few  minutes  after  their  separation,  the  clergyman  was  met  hur 
rying  through  the  street.  '  I  have  had,'  said  he,  '  quite  an  adven 
ture.  I  have  been  conversing  for  this  half  hour  past  with  a  man 
of  the  most  extraordinary  powers  of  mind  and  extent  of  informa 
tion  which  it  has  ever  been  my  fortune  to  meet  with ;  and  I  arn 
now  going  to  the  inn  to  ascertain,  if  possible,  who  this  stranger 
is.'  Johnson  considered  that  he  would  have  excited  as  much  won 
der  in  much  lower  company.  '  If  he  should  go  into  a  stable,  and 
talk  a  few  minutes  with  the  hostlers  about  horses,  they  would 
venerate  him  as  the  wisest  of  human  beings.  They  would  say, 
We  have  had  an  extraordinary  man  here.'  ...  In  speaking  of  M 
Burke's  social  hours,  the  late  Mr.  Grattan  observed  to  several 
friends,  that  he  was  the  greatest  man  in  conversation  he  had  met 
with.  A  nobleman  who  was  present  (Lord  C.)  inquired  whetlior 
he  did  not  think  Curran  on  some  occasions  greater.  '  IN  o,  my  Lorn. 
was  the  reply ;  '  Curran  indeed  had  much  wit;  but  Burke  had  wi 
too,  and,  in  addition  to  wit,  boundless  stores  of  wisdom  and  know 
ledge.'  " 


BUR 

When  some  one  eulogized  Johnson's  powers  of  conver 
sation,  "But,"  replied  Goldsmith,  "is  he  like  Burke,  who 
winds  into  his  subject  like  a  serpent?" 

It  is  worth  noticing  here  that  Mr.  Burke  himself  consi 
dered  Mrs.  Anne  Pitt,  sister  of  the  minister  at  the  head  of 
the  cabinet,  as  "  the  most  perfectly  eloquent  person  he  ever 
heard  speak.  He  lamented  not  having  committed  to  paper 
one  particular  conversation  in  which  the  richness  and  va 
riety  of  her  discourse  quite  astonished  him."  We  hope 
that  our  readers  will  appreciate  the  gallantry  which  causes 
us  to  introduce  this  anecdote. 

"It  would  not  be  difficult  to  multiply  evidences  of  the  vast  stores 
of  knowledge  which  Mr.  Burke  seems  to  have  always  had  on  hand 
ready  for  use  at  a  moment's  notice.  On  one  occasion  he  dined  with 
a  party,  where  he  met  with  an  ecclesiastical  dignitary  who  surprised 
the  company  by  starting  '  subjects  of  conversation  so  abstruse  or 
unusual,  that  few  of  his  hearers  felt  inclined  or  qualified  to  accom 
pany  him.'  Mr.  Burke  said  nothing  for  some  time;  but  when  the 
gentleman  committed  an  error  in  his  detail  of  some  of  the  opera 
tions  of  Caesar  in  Britain,  he  immediately  corrected  him :  the  clergy 
man  bowed  without  making  any  reply.  He  then  brought  up  for 
discussion  the  merits  of  some  obscure  Latin  authors,  and  was  giv 
ing  a  quotation,  when  Mr.  Burke  reminded  him  that  he  had  not 
rendered  properly  two  or  three  words  of  the  sentence.  Again  he 
introduced  to  the  notice  of  the  company  a  description  of  a  rare  old 
volume, '  containing  some  curious  geographical  details.'  Here  at 
least  he  was  safe  from  the  formidable  critic !  Not  at  all :  Mr.  Burke 
took  the  subject  out  of  his  hands,  and  commented  on  it  as  if  it  had 
been  an  everyday  matter. 

"  At  the  conclusion  of  the  evening  Mr.  Richards  and  the  Arch 
deacon  walked  home  together.  '  Sir,'  observed  the  former,  '  I  ad 
mired  your  patience  when  so  repeatedly,  and  I  dare  say,  unneces 
sarily,  interrupted  by  Mr.  Burke;  for,  from  the  nature  of  your 
studies,  you  must  be  a  more  competent  judge  of  such  matters  than 
the  bustle  of  politics  can  permit  him  to  be.'  '  Mr.  Burke  was  never 
theless  right,  and  I  was  wrong,'  replied  the  Archdeacon:  'nay 
more ;  I  confess  I  went  previously  prepared  to  speak  on  these  sub 
jects,  for  knowing  that  I  was  to  meet  him,  and  hearing  that  he 
was  acquainted  with  almost  every  thing,  I  had  determined  to  put 
his  knowledge  to  the  test,  and  for  this  purpose  had  spent  much 
of  the  morning  in  my  study.  My  memory,  however,  has  been 
more  treacherous  than  I  had  imagined.' " 

If  the  mere  perusal  of  Burke's  speeches  affect  us  so 
powerfully,  what  must  have  been  the  emotions  of  his  audi 
tory!  The  Duke  de  Levis  heard  one  of  his  philippics 
against  the  French  Revolution,  and  he  declares  that 

"  This  extraordinary  man  seemed  to  raise  and  quqll  the  passions 
of  his  auditory  with  as  much  ease  and  as  rapidly  as  a  skilful  mu 
sician  passes  into  the  various  modulations  of  his  harpsichord.  I 
have  witnessed  many,  too  many,  political  assemblages,  and  strik 
ing  scenes,  where  eloquence  performed  a  noble  part,  but  the  whole 
of  them  appear  insipid  when  compared  with  this  amazing  effort." 

When  he  painted  the  cruelties  of  Debi  Sing  in  his  speech 
on  the  impeachment  of  Warren  Hastings,  the  writer  of  the 
History  of  the  Trial  tells  us 

"  In  this  part  of  his  speech  Mr.  Burke's  descriptions  were  more 
vivid,  more  harrowing,  and  more  horrific,  than  human  utterance, 
or  either  fact  or  fancy,  perhaps  ever  formed  before.  The  agitation 
of  most  people  was  very  apparent:  Mrs.  Sheridan  was  so  overpow 
ered  that  she  fainted :  several  others  were  as  powerfully  affected." 

Mrs.  Siddons  is  said  to  have  been  one  of  the  number 
thus  overcome  by  a  mightier  eloquence  than  any  known  to 
the  stage. 

The  "flinty  chancellor,"  Lord  Thurlow,  albeit  unused  to 
the  melting  mood,  was  so  visibly  affected,  that  "  iron  tears 
down  Pluto's  cheek"  was  very  near  to  being  something  more 
than  a  simile  of  the  orator's. 

"  In  his  address  to  the  Peers,  some  days  afterwards,  he  concluded 
a  handsome  eulogium  on  the  speech,  by  observing  that  their  '  Lord 
ships  all  knew  the  effect  upon  the  auditors,  many  of  whom  had 
not  to  that  moment,  and  perhaps  never  would,  recover  from  the 
shock  it  had  occasioned.' " 

"The  testimony  of  the  accused  party  himself  is  perhaps  the 
strongest  ever  borne  to  the  powers  of  any  speaker  of  any  country. 
'  For  half  an  hour,'  said  Mr.  Hastings,  '  I  looked  up  at  the  orator 
in  a  reverie  of  wonder ;  and  during  that  space  I  actually  felt  my 
self  the  most  culpable  man  on  earth;'  adding,  however, — 'but  I 
recurred  to  my  own  bosom,  and  there  found  a  consciousness  that 
consoled  me  under  all  I  heard  and  all  I  suffered.' " — Prior's  Life 
of  BurJce. 

Was  there  ever  an  instance  of  such  exquisite  hypocrisy, 
or  of  such  utter  callousness  of  soul?  But  we  leave  this 
moral  phenomena  for  Dr.  Gleig's  anatomical  powers.  It 
was  enough  to  excite  a  momentarv  pang  of  remorse  even 
in  the  flinty  heart  of  that  man  of  blood  and  spoils,  to  hear 
himself  thus  most  accurately  depicted  by  the  indignant 
eloquence  of  the  first  orator  in  the  world : 

"Therefore  hath  it  with  all  confidence  been  ordered  by  the  Com 
mons  of  Great  Britain,  that  I  impeach  Warren  Hastings  of  high 
crimes  and  misdemeanours ! 

"  I  Impeach  him  in  the  name  of  the  Commons  House  of  Parlia 
ment,  whose  trust  he  has  betrayed ! 

"  I  impeach  him  in  the  name  of  the  English  nation,  whose  an 
cient  honr  *r  he  has  sullied! 

"  I  impeach  him  in  the  name  of  the  people  of  India,  whose  rights 
he  has  trodden  under  foot,  and  whose  country  he  has  turned  into 
a  desert!  Lastly,  in  the  name  of  human  nature  itself,  in  the 
name  of  both  sexes,  in  the  name  of  every  age,  in  the  name  of 
every  rank,  I  impeach  the  common  enemy  and  oppressor  of  all!" 


BUR 

Well  said  Mr.  Fox, 

"  If  we  are  no  longer  in  shameful  ignorance  of  India ;  if  India 
no  longer  makes  us  blush  in  the  eyes  of  Europe ;  let  us  know  and 
feel  our  obligations  to  him  whose  admirable  resources  of  opinion 
and  affection — whose  untiring  toil,  sublime  genius,  and  high  as 
piring  honour,  raised  him  up  conspicuous  among  the  most  bene 
ficent  worthies  of  mankind!" — Speech  on  the  Impeachment  of  War 
ren  Hastings. 

Burke  himself  calls  this  great  work — the  arraignment 
of  Hastings — "  that  principal  act  which  is  to  be  the  glory 
or  the  shame  of  my  whole  public  life." — Works,  edit. 
1852,  ii.  309. 

Sheridan's  tribute  to  Burke  is  worthy  of  his  genius : 

"  A  gentleman  whose  abilities,  happily  for  the  glory  of  the  age 
in  which  we  live,  are  not  intrusted  to  the  perishable  eloquence  of 
the  day,  but  will  live  to  be  the  admiration  of  that  hour  when  all 
of  us  shall  be  mute,  and  most  of  us  forgotten." 

The  distinguished  Schlegel  is  eloquent  in  his  praise: 

"This  man  has  been  to  his  own  country  and  to  all  Europe— in 
a  very  particular  manner  to  Germany— a  new  light  of  political 
wisdom  and  moral  experience.  He  corrected  his  age  when  it  was 
at  the  height  of  its  revolutionary  frenzy ;  and  without  maintain 
ing  any  system  of  philosophy,  he  seems  to  have  seen  farther  into 
the  true  nature  of  society,  and  to  have  more  clearly  comprehended 
the  effect  of  religion  in  connecting  individual  security  with  na 
tional  welfare,  than  any  philosopher,  or  any  system  of  philosophy, 
of  any  succeeding  age." — SchlegeVs  Lectures  on  Literature. 

Robert  Hall,  himself  a  great  master  of  eloquence,  touches 
a  loftier  note  than  is  usual  even  with  him,  when  speaking 
of  Burke : 

"  Who  can  withstand  the  fascination  and  magic  of  his  eloquence  ? 
The  excursions  of  his  genius  are  immense !  His  imperial  fancy 
has  laid  all  nature  under  tribute,  and  has  collected  riches  from 
every  scene  of  the  creation  and  every  walk  of  art !" 

"The  immortality  of  Burke  is  that  which  is  common  to  Cicero 
or  to  Bacon, — that  which  can  never  be  interrupted  while  there  ex 
ists  the  beauty  of  order  or  the  love  of  virtue,  and  which  can  fear  no 
death  except  what  barbarity  may  impose  on  the  globe."— GB.ATTAN. 

Mr.  Grattan  may  be  charged  with  extravagance  in  plac 
ing  Burke  upon  a  par  with  Cicero  and  Bacon,  but  many 
capable  critics  are  not  satisfied  with  this  rank,  and  assign 
him  a  still  higher  place.  Sir  James  Mackintosh  tlardly 
allows  to  the  great  master  of  ancient  eloquence,  or  to  the 
profound  father  of  modern  philosophy,  an  equality  with 
him  who  combined  the  excellencies  of  both : 

"  Shakspeare  and  Burke  are,  if  I  may  venture  on  the  expression, 
above  talent.  Burke  was  one  of  the  first  thinkers,  as  well  as  one 
of  the  greatest  orators,  of  his  time.  He  is  without  parallel  in  any 
age  or  country,  except  perhaps  Lord  Bacon  or  Cicero ;  and  his  works 
contain  an  ampler  store  of  political  and  MORAL  WISDOM  THAN  CAN  BB 

FOUND  IN  ANY  OTHER  WRITER  WHATEVER." 

The  reader  must  not  fail  to  procure  A  Memoir  of  the 
Political  Life  of  the  Right  Hon.  Edmund  Burke,  2  vole, 
p.  8vo,  by  the  Rev.  George  Croly,  LL.D.,  Rector  of  St 
Stephen's,  Wallbrook,  London. 

"  We  have  quoted  enough,  and  more  than  enough,  to  convince 
the  most  skeptical  of  the  originality,  eloquence,  and  power  of  these 
remarkable  volumes.  We  regard  them  as  a  valuable  contribution 
to  our  national  literature,  as  an  effectual  antidote  to  revolutionary 
principles,  and  as  a  masterly  analysis  of  the  mind  and  writings  of 
the  greatest  philosopher  and  statesman  in  our  history." — The  Bri 
tannia. 

Mr.  Warren  thus  warmly  commends  the  political  writ 
ings  of  our  great  author  to  the  reverence  of  the  student 
at  Law : 

"  The  political  writings  of  the  illustrious  Edmund  Burke  need 
be  mentioned,  only,  to  vindicate  their  claim  to  the  continual  pe 
rusal—the  earnest  study,  of  all  who  are  capable  of  appreciating 
the  display  of  profound  wisdom,  set  forth  in  enchanting  eloquence, 
made  contributory  to  the  advancement  of  the  permanent  and 
highest  interests  of  mankind,  and  capable  of  indefinitely  elevat 
ing  and  expanding  the  feelings  and  understanding— but  vain  is 
the  task  of  attempting  to  do  justice  to  writings  upon  which  pane 
gyric  has  long  ago  exhausted  itself.  Out  of  a  thousand  witnesses, 
let  us  select  the  testimony  of  one  only— one,  however,  who  has  a 
paramount  title  to  the  attention  and  deference  of  that  Bar,  of 
which  he  was  one  of  the  brightest  ornaments— Lord  Erskine. 
'  Among  the  characteristics  of  Lord  Erskine's  eloquence,'  observes 
the  late  accomplished  Mr.  Henry  Roscoe,  'the  perpetual  illustra 
tions  derived  from  the  writings  of  Burke,  is  very  remarkable.  lu 
every  one  of  the  great  state  trials  in  which  he  was  concerned,  he 
referred  to  the  works  of  that  extraordinary  person,  as  to  a  text 
book  of  political  wisdom, — expounding,  enforcing,  and  justify  ing, » 
all  the  great  and  noble  principles  of  freedom  and  justice.'  Lord 
Erskine  himself  has  left  on  record  his  impressive  testimony  to  the 
same  effect :  '  When  I  look  into  my  own  mind,  and  find  its  best 
lights  and  principles  fed  from  that  immense  magazine  of  moral 
and  political  wisdom,  which  he  has  left  as  an  inheritance  to  man 
kind  for  their  instruction,  I  feel  myself  repelled  by  an  awful  and 
grateful  sensibility  from  petulantly  approaching  him.' " — Warren's 
Law  Studies,  ion.,  1845, 12mo. 

The  following  testimonies  are  of  equal  value : 

"The  writings  of  that  eminent  man  whom  posterity  will  regard 
as  the  most  eloquent  of  orators,  and  the  most  profound  of  the  phi 
losophic  statesmen  of  modern  times." — SIR  ROBERT  PEEL. 

"  The  Speeches  he  made  will  be  the  subject  of  admiration  for  all 
succeeding  generations." — LORD  JOHN  RUSSELL. 

"That  great  master  of  eloquence.  Edmund  Burke!  ...  in  ap 
titude  of  comprehension  and  richness  of  imagination,  superior  to 
every  orator,  ancient  or  modern." — T.  B.  MACAULAY. 


BUR 


BUR 


"The  variety  and  extent  of  his  powers  in  debate  were  greater 
than  that  of  any  orator  in  ancient  or  modern  times.  No  one  ever 
poured  forth  such  a  flood  of  thought — so  many  original  combina 
tions  of  inventive  genius ;  so  much  knowledge  of  man,  and  the 
workings  of  political  systems;  so  many  just  remarks  on  the  rela 
tion  of  government  to  the  manners,  the  spirit,  and  even  the  pre 
judices,  of  a  people;  so  many  wise  maxims  as  to  a  change  in  con 
stitution  and  laws ;  so  many  beautiful  effusions  of  lofty  and  gene 
rous  sentiment ;  such  exuberant  stores  of  illustration,  ornament, 
and  apt  allusion :  all  intermingled  with  the  liveliest  sallies  of  wit, 
or  the  boldest  flights  of  a  sublime  imagination.  ...  In  the  struc 
ture  of  his  mind  he  had  a  strong  resemblance  to  Bacon,  nor  was 
he  greatly  his  inferior  in  the  leading  attributes  of  his  intellect. 
In  imagination  he  went  far  beyond  him.  He  united  more  per 
fectly  than  any  other  man  the  discordant  qualities  of  the  philoso 
pher  and  the  poet." — C.  A.  GOODRICH,  D.D.,  Professor  of  Jfheteric 
in  Yale  College. 

We  add  an  eloquent  exposition  of  the  characteristics  of 
Burke's  genius  from  one  of  the  most  celebrated  orators  of 
our  own  day : 

"  No  one  can  doubt  that  enlightened  men  in  all  ages  will  hang 
over  the  Works  of  MR.  BURKE.  He  was  a  writer  of  the  first  class, 
and  excelled  in  almost  every  kind  of  prose  composition.  The  ex 
traordinary  depth  of  his  detached  views,  the  penetrating  sagacity 
which  he  occasionally  applies  to  the  affairs  of  men  and  their  mo 
tives,  and  the  curious  felicity  of  expression  with  which  he  unfolds 
principles,  and  traces  resemblances  and  relations,  are  separately 
the  gift  of  few,  and,  in  their  union,  probably  without  any  exam 
ple.  When  he  is  handling  any  one  matter,  we  perceive  that  we  are 
conversing  with  a  reasoner  and  a  teacher  to  whom  almost  every 
other  branch  of  knowledge  is  familiar.  His  views  range  over  all 
the  cognate  subjects ;  his  reasonings  are  derived  from  principles 
applicable  to  other  matters  as  well  as  the  one  in  hand ;  arguments 
pour  in  from  all  sides,  as  well  as  those  which  start  up  under  our 
feet,  the  natural  growth  of  the  path  he  is  leading  us  over ;  while, 
to  throw  light  round  our  steps,  and  either  explore  its  darker  places 
or  serve  for  our  recreation,  illustrations  are  fetched  from  a  thou- 
sand  quarters ;  and  an  imagination  marvellously  quick  to  descry 
unthought-of  resemblances,  pours  forth  the  stores  which  a  lore  j 
yet  more  marvellous  has  gathered  from  all  ages  and  nations  and  j 
arts  and  tongues.  We  are,  in  respect  of  the  argument,  reminded 
of  Bacon's  multifarious  knowledge,  and  the  exuberance  of  his  I 
learned  fancy ;  while  the  many-lettered  diction  recalls  to  mind  the  j 
first  of  English  poets  and  his  immortal  verse,  rich  with  the  spoils 
of  all  sciences  and  all  times. 

"  All  his  Works,  indeed,  even  his  controversial,  are  so  informed 
with  general  reflection,  so  variegated  with  speculative  discussion, 
that  they  wear  the  air  of  the  Lyceum  as  well  as  the  Academy. 
His  narrative  is  excellent;  and  it  is  impossible  more  harmoniously 
to  expose  the  details  of  a  complicated  subject,  to  give  them  more 
animation  and  interest,  if  dry  in  themselves,  or  to  make  them 
bear  by  the  mere  power  of  statement  more  powerfully  upon  the 
argument.  In  description  he  can  hardly  be  surpassed,  at  least 
for  effect ;  he  has  all  the  qualities  that  conduce  to  it — ardour  of 
purpose,  sometimes  rising  into  violence — vivid,  but  too  luxuriant 
fency — bold,  frequently  extravagant,  conception — the  faculty  of 
shedding  upon  mere  inanimate  scenery  the  light  imparted  by  mo 
ral  associations. 

"  He  now  moves  on  with  the  composed  air,  the  even,  dignified 
pace  of  the  historian;  and  unfolds  his  facts  in  a  narrative  so  easy, 
and  yet  so  correct,  that  you  plainly  perceive  he  wanted  only  the 
dismissal  of  other  pursuits  to  have  rivalled  Livy  or  Hume.  But 
soon  this  advance  is  interrupted,  and  he  stops  to  display  his  powers 
of  description,  when  the  boldness  of  his  design  is  only  matched  by 
the  brilliancy  of  his  colouring.  He  then  skirmishes  for  a  space, 
and  puts  in  motion  all  the  lighter  arms  of  wit ;  sometimes  not  un- 
mingled  with  drollery,  sometimes  bordering  upon  farce.  His  main 
battery  is  now  opened,  and  a  tempest  bursts  forth  of  every  wea 
pon  of  attack — invective,  abuse,  irony,  sarcasm,  simile  drawn  out 
to  allegory,  allusion,  quotation,  fable,  parable,  anathema. 

"  He  was  admirable  in  exposition ;  in  truth,  he  delighted  to  give 
instruction  both  when  speaking  and  conversing,  and  in  this  he 
was  unrivalled.  Quis  in  sententiis  argutior?  in  docendo  edisseren- 
doque  subtiliorf  Mr.  Fox  might  well  avow,  without  a  compliment, 
that  he  had  learnt  more  from  him  than  from  all  other  men  and  au 
thors." — LORD  BROUGHAM. 

It  is  truly  gratifying  to  know  that  there  are  no  incon 
gruous  colours  in  the  background  to  detract  from  the  bril 
liancy  and  beauty  of  the  portrait  we  have  thus  presented 
of  Edmund  Burke :  "  the  King's  daughter  was  all  glorious 
within,"  and  so  with  the  illustrious  subject  of  our  theme; — 
we  are  not  called  upon  to  deplore  the  union  of  splendid 
talents  and  degrading  vices,  of  public  philanthropy  and 
private  venality :  the  spotless  ermine  covers  no  hidden  cor 
ruption.  Of  this  we  have  abundant  evidence  : 

"  The  unspotted  innocence,  the  firm  integrity  of  Burke,"  savs 
Dr.  Parr,  "  want  no  emblazoning,  and  if  he  is  accustomed  to  exact 
a  rigorous  account  of  the  moral  conduct  of  others,  it  is  justified 
in  one  who  shuns  not  the  most  inquisitorial  scrutiny  into  his  own." 

The  Rev.  Mr.  Crabbe,  whom  Burke  raised  from  a  posi 
tion  of  want  and  distress  to  competency  and  comfort 
speaks  in  glowing  terms 

"  Of  his  private  worth,  of  his  wishes  to  do  good,  of  his  affability 
and  condescension  ;  his  readiness  to  lend  assistance  where  he  knew 
it  was  wanted;  his  delight  to  give  praise  where  he  thought  it  was  ! 
deserved ;  his  affectionate  manners,  his  amiable  disposition,  and 
zeal  for  their  happiness  which  he  manifested  in  the  hours  of  retire 
ment  with  the  members  of  his  family." 

"  A  much  higher  feature  of  his  character  than  wit,  was  a  fervent  I 
and  unfeigned  spirit  of  piety,  cheerful  but  humble,  unallied  to 
any  thing  like  fanaticism,  and  expressive  of  a  deep  dependence  on  I 
the  dispensations  of  Providence,  traces  of  which  are  to  be  found  ] 


in  the  letters  of  his  boyhood.  .  .  .  His  moral  character  stood 
wholly  unimpeached  by  any  thing  that  approached  to  the  name 
of  vice." — PRIOR. 

Of  the  affecting  incidents  of  "the  inevitable  hour" 
which  comes  alike  to  all,  the  great  and  the  obscure,  the 
learned  and  the  untaught,  the  man  who  feareth  God  and 
the  man  who  feareth  him  not, — we  have  a  graphic  sketch 
by  the  friend  of  his  bosom — Dr.  French  Laurence.  The 
poet  truly  tells  us, 

"  The  chamber  where  the  good  man  meets  his  fate 
Is  privileged  beyond  the  common  walks  of  life," 
and  we  are  assured  upon   higher   authority,   "  that  it  is 
better  to  go  to  the  house  of  mourning  vthan  to  the  house 
of  feasting ;  for  that  is  the  end  of  all  men,  and  the  living 
will  lay  it  to  heart."     Let  us  then  in  spirit  contemplate  to 
our  profit  the  last  earthly  scene  of  the  philosopher,  the 
patriot,  and  the  Christian  : 

"  His  end  was  suited  to  the  simple  greatness  of  mind  which  he 
displayed  through  life,  every  way  unaffected,  without  levity,  with 
out  ostentation,  full  of  natural  grace  and  dignity ;  he  appeared 
neither  to  wish  nor  to  dread,  but  patiently  and  placidly  to  await, 
the  hour  of  his  dissolution.  He  had  been  listening  to  some  essays 
of  Addison's,  in  which  he  ever  took  delight ;  he  had  recommended 
himself,  in  many  affectionate  messages,  to  the  remembrance  of 
those  absent  friends  whom  he  had  never  ceased  to  love ;  he  had 
conversed  some  time  with  his  accustomed  force  of  thought  and 
expression  on  the  awful  situation  of  his  country,  for  the  welfare 
of  which  his  heart  was  interested  to  the  very  last  beat;  he  had 
given  with  steady  composure  some  private  directions,  in  contem 
plation  of  his  approaching  death ;  when,  as  his  attendants  were 
conveying  him  to  his  bed.  he  sunk  down,  and,  after  a  short  struggle, 
passed  quietly  and  without  a  groan  to  eternal  rest,  in  that  mercy 
which  he  had  just  declared  he  had  long  sought  with  unfeigned 
humiliation,  and  to  which  he  looked  with  a  trembling  hope!" 

In  conformity  with  the  directions  of  his  will,  he  was 
buried  in  the  church  at  Beaconsfield,  in  the  same  grave 
with  his  son  and  brother. 

Viewed  in  the  light  of  the  present  age,  how  great  is  our 
admiration  of  that  foresight  which  foretold,  and  that  wis 
dom  which  would  have  averted,  the  storms  which  menaced 
the  peace  and  well-being  of  his  country  !  Impartial  in  his 
judgment,  unswayed  by  every  wind  of  political  doctrine, 
because  based  upon  the  rock  of  truth,  he  as  zealously  de 
nounced  that  arbitrary  power  which  oppressed  the  Ameri 
can  Colonies,  as  he  rebuked  that  hurricane  of  fierce  de 
mocracy  which  swept  the  throne  and  the  altar  from  France, 
and  involved  the  Court  and  the  Commonalty  in  a  general 
ruin.  Had  his  counsel  been  followed,  Warren  Hastings 
would  have  expiated  his  crimes  on  the  scaffold,  and  the 
world  would  have  lacked  a  Napoleon  to  illustrate  the  de 
pravity  of  his  race.  Burke's  public  labours  present  a  con 
tinuous  struggle  against  the  stupidity,  the  obstinacy,  and 
the  venality,  of  the  politicians  of  his  day.  His  life,  there 
fore,  cannot  be  said  to  have  been  a  happy  one,  for  happi 
ness  dwells  not  amidst  ceaseless  vexations ;  and  no  man 
can  "possess  his  soul  in  peace"  whose  philanthropy  stimu 
lates  him  to  the  duty  of  enlightening  the  ignorant,  reform 
ing  the  vicious,  and  subduing  the  refractory.  He  does 
well;  he  acts  nobly;  he  fulfils  the  end  of  his  being;  and 
if  he  have  the  spiritual  prerequisites,  many  will  be  his 
consolations  here,  and  great  shall  be  his  reward  here 
after.  But  let  him  not  expect  much  either  of  gratitude 
or  applause  in  this  life :  malice  will  censure,  envy  defame, 
rivalry  decry,  the  noblest  motives  and  the  wisest  acts. 
Yet  posterity  will  do  him  justice ;  and  generations  yet  un 
born  shall  reverence  his  name,  emulate  his  virtues,  and 
follow  in  his  steps.  His  "  good  name  shall  be  an  inherit 
ance  to  his  children's  children,"  and  the  "remembrance 
of  the  just  shall  be  blessed !" 

Behold  an  instance  of  this  noble  advocacy  of  right,  and 
its  appreciation  by  an  admiring  posterity,  in  the  philan 
thropic  labours  of  Edmund  Burke,  and  the  deep  reverence 
with  which  his  character  is  regarded  in  the  present  day  ! 

In  the  three  principal  questions  which  excited  his  inte 
rest,  and  called  forth  the  most  splendid  displays  of  his  elo 
quence — the  contest  with  the  American  Colonies,  the  im 
peachment  of  Warren  Hastings,  and  the  French  Revolu 
tion — we  see  displayed  a  philanthropy  the  most  pure,  illus 
trated  by  a  genius  the  most  resplendent.  In  each  of  these 
cases  he  was  the  friend  of  the  oppressed,  the  rebuker  of 
the  insolence  of  power,  the  excesses  of  petty  tyranny,  or 
the  fierce  ragings  of  a  successful  and  unprincipled  demo 
cracy.  He  was  ever  the  bold  and  uncompromising  cham 
pion  of  justice,  mercy,  and  truth.  When  his  own  sovereign 
stretched  forth  the  hand  of  despotic  power  to  afflict  a  suf 
fering  nation,  he  forgot  that  "  the  king  could  do  no 
wrong,"  and  pointed  his  finger  to  a  violated  constitution 
and  broken  laws  !  When  a  remorseless  Verres  ground  to 
the  earth,  by  his  exactions  and  cruelty,  a  simple  and  con 
fiding  people  whose  rights  and  happiness  he  should  have 
maintained  and  cherished,  their  cries  entered  into  the 


BUR 


heart  even  of  the  oppressor's  nation,  and 
Cicero  cited  the  offender  to  that  nation's  bar  !  When  the 
pestilential  fever  of  an  insane  democracy  broke  out  in 
France,  and  threatened  to  devour  the  nations,  the  High 
Priest  of  enlightened  Liberty  "  stood  between  the  living 
and  the  dead,  and  the  plague  was  stayed  !" 

So  long  as  virtue  shall  be  beloved,  wisdom  revered,  or 
genius  admired,  so  long  will  the  memory  of  this  illustri 
ous  exemplar  of  all  be  fresh  in  the  world's  history  ;  for 
human  nature  has  too  much  interest  in  the  preservation 
of  such  a  character,  ever  to  permit  the  name  of  EDMUMD 
BURKK  to  perish  from  the  earth. 

Burke,  James  Henry.     Days  in  the  East;  a  Poem, 

"The  stanzas  of  Mr.  Burke  bespeak  at  once  high  feeling,  a  vi 
gorous,  cultivated  intelligence,  and  a  delicate  poetic  taste.  —Lon. 

'   B^rke!,  John,  M.D.  The  Morbus  Niger,  Lon.,177C,8vo. 
Burke,   John,   and   Sir   Bernard   Burke,  (for 

merly  John  Bernard  Burke,)  father  and  son,  to 
whom  we  are  indebted  for  a  number  of  valuable  works  on 
Heraldry  and  Genealogy.  They  have  written  separately 
and  conjointly.  Dictionary  of  the  Peerage  and  Baronetage 
of  the  British  Empire,  by  John  Burke,  r.  8vo  ;  15th  ed., 
1853;  20th  ed.,  by  Sir  Bernard  Burke,  Ulster  King-of- 
Arms,  1858. 

"The  first  authority  in  all  questions  affecting  the  aristocracy." 
—Lon.  GM>e. 

The  Extinct,  Dormant,  and  Suspended  Peerage,  by  J. 
B.,  1840,  8vo.  Portrait  Gallery  of  the  Female  Nobility, 
by  J.  B.,  2  vols.  r.  8vo.  Knightage  of  Great  Britain,  by 
John  Bernard  Burke,  new  ed.,  1841,  18mo.  Anecdotes  of 
the  Aristocracy,  by  J.  B.  B.,  2  vols.  p.  8vo,  new  ed.,  1851. 
"  Mr.  Burke  has  given  us  the  most  curious  incidents,  the  most 
stirring  tales,  and  the  most  remarkable  circumstances  connected 
with  the  histories,  public  and  private,  of  our  noble  houses  and  aristo 
cratic  families.  These  stories,  with  all  the  reality  of  established 
fact,  read  with  as  much  spirit  as  the  Tales  of  Boccaccio,  and  are  as 
full  of  strange  matter  for  reflection  and  amazement."—  Britannia. 
Armory  of  Great  Britain  and  Ireland,  by  J.  &  J.  B.  B., 
r.  8vo,  new  ed.,  1847. 

"  The  work  professes  to  concentrate  in  one  volume  the  materials 
to  be  found  in  Guillim,  Edmondson,  and  Nisbett,  and  to  carry 
down  its  information  to  the  present  year:  in  that  the  authors 
have  fully  succeeded;  but  they  have  done  more  :  in  addition  to  a 
Dictionary  of  Heraldry,  the  work  may  be  designated  a  Dictionary 
of  Family  History  ;  for  there  is  hardly  any  house  of  note,  whose 
origin  and  descent  are  not  deduced,  so  far  at  least  as  to  justify  the 
adoption  of  the  ensigns  and  quarterings  which  the  family  bears." 
—  Lcm.  Naval  and  Military  Gazette. 

It  contains  over  30,000  armorial  bearings,  and  more 
than  the  matter  of  four  4to  vols. 

Heraldic  Illustrations,  by  J.  &  J.  B.  B.,  3  vols.  r.  8vo, 
new  ed.,  1846. 

"  These  are  splendid  volumes,  comprising  the  armorial  bearings 
of  we  know  not  how  many  ancient  families,  beautifully  embla 
zoned,  and  accompanied  by  brief  pedigrees.  The  work  is  as  curi 
ous  as  it  is  magnificent."  —  Lon.  Literary  Gazette 

Royal  Families  of  Great  Britain,  by  J.  &  J.  B.  B.,  2  vols. 
r.  8vo,  1851.  Genealogical  and  Heraldic  Dictionary  of  the 
Landed  Gentry  of  Great  Britain  and  Ireland,  for  1853, 
containing  particulars  of  upwards  of  100,000  individuals, 
by  J.  &  J.  B.  B.,  3  vols.  r.  8vo  ;  new  ed.,  by  Sir  B.  B., 
Pts.  1-3,  1855-57.  Sir  Bernard  Burke  has  also  pubs 
Anecdotes  of  the  Aristocracy,  1849-50,  4  vols.  p.  8vo  : 
3d  ed.,  1855,  3  vols.  p.  8vo  ;  Visitation  of  the  Seats  and 
Arms  of  Noblemen,  1852-55,  2  vols.  r.  8vo  ;  Family  Ro 
mance,  2d  ed.,  1854,  2  vols.  p.  8vo  ;  Royal  Descents  and 
Pedigrees  of  Founders'  Kin,  PL  1,  1855,  r.  8vo;  and 
other  works. 

Burke,  John  French.  The  Dispensing  Chemisi 
and  Medical  Pupil's  Assistant,  18ino.  Farming  for  Ladies 
The  Muck  Manual.  Treatise  on  British  Husbandry,  2  vols 
8vo;  with  a  Copious  Supplement  by  Mr.  Cuthbert  W.  John 
son.  The  Supplement  is  pub.  separately,  under  the  title 
of  Modern  Agricultural  Improvements,  8vo. 

Burke,  Mrs.  !L.  To  this  lady  we  are  indebted  for 
trans,  of  Madame  Guizot's  Moral  Tales,  Lon.,  1852,  12mo 
Burke,  Peter.  1.  Criminal  Law  and  its  Sentences 
Lon.,  1842,  4to  ;  2d  ed.,  1847,  12mo.  2.  Law  of  Internat 
Copyright,  1842,  12mo.  3.  Treat,  on  the  Law  of  Copy 
right,  Lit.,  <fcc.,  1842,  12mo.  4.  New  Act  on  Small  Debts 
1844,  12mo.  5.  New  County  Court  Acts  ;  2d  ed.,  1847 
12mo.  6.  Celebrated  Trials  connected  with  the  Aristo 
cracy,  1848-51,  2  vols.  8vo.  7.  Law  of  Internat.  Copy 
right  between  England  and  France,  1852,  12mo.  8.  Supp 
to  Godson  on  Patents,  <fcc.,  1851,  8vo  :  see  GODSON 
RICHARD,  M.P.  9.  Patent-Law  Amendment  Act,  1852 
8vo;  2d  ed.,  1857,  8vo.  10.  Romance  of  the  Forum,  1853 
2  vols.  p.  8vo;  2d  Ser.,  1854,  2  vols.  p.  8vo.  11.  Publi 
and  Domestic  Life  of  Edmund  Burke,  1853,  cr.  8vo. 


BUR 

Burke,  Richard.     Charge  to  Grand  Jury,  1798. 
Burke,  Thos.  A.,  b.  1828,  in  Georgia.     Polly  Pea- 
blossom's  Wedding,  12mo,  Phila.     Political  Fortune  Tel 
ler,  N.  Y.  &c. 

Burke,  Thomas  T.     Temora;  being  specimens  of 
an  intended  versification  of  the  Poems  of  Ossian,  1818. 
Burke,W.     The  Armed  Briton;  a  Play,  1806,  8vo. 
Burke,  William.    Campaign  of  1805  in  Germany, 
Italy,   &c.,  1806,   8vo.     South   American   Independence, 
1807,  8vo.     Emancipation  of  Spanish  America,  1807,  8vo. 
Burke,  William.     A  Greek  and  English  Derivative 
Dictionary,  Lon.,  1806,  12mo. 

Burke,  William,  M.D.     Remarks  on  the  Mineral 
prings  of  Virginia;  2d  ed.,  Richmond,  1853,  12mo. 
Burke,  Wm.,  Surgeon.    Popular  Compend.  of  Anat., 
Lon.,  1804,  12mo.     Intended  to  display  the  wisdom  of  the 
)eity  as  evinced  in  the  construction  of  the  human  body. 

Burkhead,  Henry,  a  merchant  of  Bristol,  England, 
emp.  Charles  I.  Cola's  Fury,  or  Lerinda's  Misery ;  a  Tra 
gedy,  Kilken.,  1646,  4to.  The  subject  is  the  Irish  re- 
>ellion  of  October,  1641. 

"In  it  he  has  characterized  all  the  principal  persons  concerned 
n  the  affairs  of  that  time,  under  feigned  names."— Biog.  Dramat. 
Leriuda  is  an  anagram  from  Ireland. 
Burkitt,  William,  1650-1703,  a  native  of  Hitcham, 
Northamptonshire;  admitted  of  Pembroke  College,  Cam- 
>ridge,  at  14 ;  Vicar  of  Dedham,  Essex,  1692.     Expository 
Notes,  with  Practical  Observations,  on  the  New  Testament, 
1739,  fol.;  several  editions;  new  edit.,  Lon.,  1833,  2  vols. 
8vo.     An  abridgt.  by  Rev.   Dr.   Glasse,    "the   language 
modernized  and  improved,"  Lon.,  1806,  2  vols.  4to.     An 
bridgt.  for  the  use  of  the  poor,  r.  8vo. 
"  lie  has  many  schemes  of  old  sermons;  his  sentiments  vary  in 
different  parts  of  his  work,  as  the  authors  from  whence  he  took 
his  materials  were  orthodox,  or  not."— DR.  DODDRIDGE. 

"Both  pious  and  practical,  but  not  distinguished  either  by 
depth  of  learning  or  judgment."— DR.  ADAM  CLARKE.  . 

This  deservedly  popular  work  does  not  profess  to  discuss  cri- 
ical  questions,  but  is  very  useful  for  the  inferences  it  deduces  from 
the  sacred  text."— T.  H.  HORNE. 

Many  good  suggestions  on  texts,  generally  evangelical  and 
very  useful."— BICKERSTETH. 

'  This  is  not  a  critical  or  in  any  respect  a  profound  work." — ORME. 
Burkitt  also  wrote  a  Sermon,  Discourse,  &c.,  1680-1705. 
Burlace,  Edmund.     See  BORLACE. 
Burleigh,  J.  B.,  for  many  years  a  teacher  in  Balti 
more.    The  American  Manual,  Phila.,  1848,  12mo ;  several 
edits.     The  Legislative  Guide,  8vo.     The  Thinker.    Other 
school-books. 

Burleigh,  Lord.     See  CECIL. 
Burleigh,  Richard.    Assize  Sermon,  1777,  4to. 
Burleigh,  William  H.,  b.  1812,  a  native  of  Wood 
stock,  Conn.,  is  a  descendant  on  the  mother's  side  of  Gov. 
Bradford,  and  a  grandson  of  a  soldier  of  the  American  Rev. 
War.     He  has  edited  several  journals,  and  written  some 
exquisite  poetry.     "  She  hath  gone  in  the  Spring  Time  of 
Life,"  and  "June,"  are  among  the  best  effusions  of  the 
American  Muse.     For  many  years  he  contributed  to  the  N. 
Yorker.    In  1840  a  volume  of  his  poems  was  pub.  in  Phila. 
Burles,William.  English  Grammar,  Lon.,1652,12mo. 
Burley,  or  Burleigh,  Walter,  b.  at  Oxford,  1275, 
the  leader  of  the  Nominalists,  and  principal  opponent  of 
the  Scotists,  bore  the  titles  of  Doctor  Planus  and  Per- 
spicuus.     He  wrote   some  commentaries   upon  Aristotle, 
1476,  fol. ;  Venet.,  1482,  fol.     Liber  de  Vita  ac  Moribus 
Philosophorurn    Poetarumque   Veterum,    <fcc.,    circa   ann. 
1470,  4to ;  an  extremely  scarce  edition.     For  particulars 
of  the  editions  of  his  writings,  see  Watt's  Bibl.  Brit.,  and 
Brunei's  Manuel  du  Libraire  et  de  1'Amateur  des  Livres. 

Burlz,  Thomas.  A  Comfortable  Treatise,  sent  to 
all  those  who  haue  a  longing  desire  for  their  saluation, 
and  yet  knowe  not  how  to  attain  thereto  by  reason  of  the 
mischievous  subtilitie  of  Sathan  the  arch  enemy  of  man- 
kinde,  Lon.,  8vo,  sine  anno. 

Burman,  Charles.  Autobiographies  of  Elias  Ash- 
mole  and  William  Lilly,  Lon.,  1717,  '74,  8vo. 

Burn,  Lt.  Colonel,  of  the  R.  A.  Dictionary  of 
Naval  and  Military  Technical  Words  and  Phrases,  Eng 
lish  and  French,  French  and  English,  Lon.,  c.  8vo. 

"  I  cannot  conclude  without  acknowledging  the  great  assistance 
I  have  derived  in  this  work  from  the  Naval  and  Military  Techni 
cal  Dictionary  by  Capt.  Burn,  R.  A. ;  a  book  of  reference  to  which 
I  have  never  applied  in  vain."— Elements  of  Naval  Architecture, 
by  J.  R.  Strange,  Com.  S.  N. 

Burn,  Andrew,  Major-General  in  the  Royal  Ma 
rines,  d.  1814,  a  native  of  Scotland.  The  Christian  Officer's 
Complete  Armour,  2d  ed.,  Lon.,  1806,  12mo :  recommended 
by  Sir  R.  Hill.  Who  fares  best,  the  Christian  or  the  Mau 
of  the  World?  1789,  Svo.  Two  Witnesses,  1812,  8vo. 


BUR 


BUR 


Burn,  Edward.  Letters  and  Reply  to  Dr.  Priestly, 
1790,  '92,  8vo.  Pastoral  Hints,  1801,  8vo.  A  Sermon, 
1806,  8vo. 

Burn,  John.     English  Grammar,  Glasg.,  1766, 12mo. 

Burn,  John,  son  of  Richard  Burn,  (vide  post.)  A 
New  Law  Dictionary,  by  Richard  Burn,  LL.D.,  continued 
to  the  present  time,  Lon.,  1792,  2  vols.  8vo.  The  Justice 
of  the  Peace  and  Parish  Officer,  by  R.  B.,  18th  edit.,  1797- 

1800,  4  vols.  8vo.     Appendix  to  17th  edit.,  1795,  8vo. 
Burn,  John  Ilderton.     Treatises  on   Insurances, 

1801,  12mo.     Stock  Jobbing,  Ac.,  1803/04,  '05,  Svo. 
Burn,   John  Southerden.    Livres  des  Anglois  a 

Geneve,  Lon.,  1831,  Svo.     History  of  the  Fleet  Marriages ; 
2d  edit,  Lon.,  1834,  Svo. 

Burn,  Richard,  LL.D.,  1720-1785,  Chancellor  of 
the  Diocese  of  Carlisle,  a  native  of  Winton,  Westmoreland, 
educated  at  Queen's  College,  Oxford,  was  rector  of  Orton 
for  49  years.  Justice  of  the  Peace  and  Parish  Officer, 
Lon.,  1755,  2  vols.  Svo. 

The  29th  edit,  by  M.  B.  Bere  and  T.  Chitty,  was  pub. 
Lon.,  1845,  6  vols.  Svo;  Supplet  to  1852,  by  E.  Wise, 
1852,  Svo.  Ecclesiastical  Law,  Lon.,  1760,  2  vols.  4to : 
9th  edit,  enlarged  by  R.  Phillimore,  Lon.,  1842, 4  vol.  Svo. 
"  Blackstone  in  his  Commentaries  mentions  it  as  one  of  the  very 
few  publications  on  the  subject  of  Ecclesiastical  Law  on  which  the 
reader  can  rely  with  certainty." 

New  Militia  Law,  1762,  12mo.  History  of  Poor  Laws, 
with  Observations,  1764,  Svo. 

"  One  of  the  best  publications  that  has  appeared  on  the  poor 
laws."— J.  R.  McCuLLOca. 

History  and  Antiquities  of  Westmoreland  and  Cumber 
land,  in  conjunction  with  Joseph  Nicolson,  Lon.,  1771-77, 
2vol.  4to.  Discourses,  selected  and  original,  1774, 4vol.8vo. 
"  A  book  to  which  young  divines  may,  with  great  advantage, 
apply  for  models  of  a  strong,  manly,  dignified  pulpit  eloquence." 
— Ulackstone's  Commentaries. 

9th  edit,  1783,  4  vols.  Svo.  New  Law  Dictionary.  See 
BURN,  JOHN. 

Burn,  sometimes  Burne,  q.  v. 

Burnaby,  Andrew,  D.D.,  1732-1812,  a  native  of 
Ashfordy,   Leicestershire,   was   educated  at  Westminster 
School,  and  Queen's  College,   Cambridge,-   B.  A.,  1754; 
M.  A.,  1757;  Vicar  of  Greenwich,  1769;  Archdeacon  of 
Leicester,  1786.     Travels  through  the  Middle  Settlements 
of  N.  America,  1759, '60,  Lon.,  1775,  4to.     Sermons   and 
Charges ;  various  dates,  repub.  in  1  vol.  Svo,  1805. 
"  Highly  praised  and  valued  both  for  matter  and  manner." 
A  Journal  of  a  Tour  to  Corsica  in  1766,  <fcc.,  1804. 
Burnaby,  E.  A.     The  Question,  Has  the  House  of 
Commons  a  right  of  Committal  to  Prison  or  not  ?    Con 
sidered,  1810,  Svo. 

Burnap,  George  W.,  D.D.,  b.  1802,  Merrimack, 
N.H. ;  grad.  Harvard  Coll.,  1824 ;  in  1827,  succeeded  Dr. 
Sparks  in  the  First  Unitarian  Church,  Baltimore.  1.  Lec 
tures  on  the  Doctrines  of  Controversy  between  Unitarians 
and  other  Denominations  of  Christians,  1835.  2.  On  the 
Sphere  and  Duties  of  Women,  Bait,  1849,  12mo.  3.  Lec 
tures  to  Young  Men  on  the  Cultivation  of  the  Mind,  the 
Formation  of  Character,  and  the  Conduct  of  Life,  Bait, 
12mo,  and  Lon.,  r.  Svo. 

"  We  do  not  know  of  any  work  on  the  same  subject  of  equal  ex 
cellence."— ion.  Apprentice. 

4.  Expository  Lectures  on  the  Principal  Texts  of  the 
Bible  which  relate  to  the  Doctrine  of  the  Trinity,  1845. 
I.  Popular  Objections  to  Unitarian  Christianity  Con 
sidered  and  Answered,  1848.  6.  On  the  Rectitude  of 
Human  Nature,  1850.  7.  Christianity:  its  Essence  and 
Evidence,  1855.  Other  works. 

Ilurnap,  Jacob,  1748-1821,  father  of  the  preceding, 
first  minister  of  Merrimack,  N.H.,  was  a  native  of  Reading, 
Mass.  He  pub.  an  Oration  on  Independence,  1808,  and  sepa 
rate  serms.,  1799, 1801,  '06,  '08,  '09,  '11,  '15,  '18,  '19,  '20. 

Burnby,  John.     Poor  Rates,  1780,  Svo.     Canterbury 
Cathedral,  <fcc.,  1784,  Svo.    Freedom  of  Election,  1785,  Svo. 
Burne,  James.  The  Man  of  Nature,!  773, 2  vols.!2mo. 
Burne,  Nicholas.     The  Disputation  concerning  the 
Controversit  Headdis  of  Religion,  &c.,  Paris,  1581,  Svo. 
This  is  an  account  of  the  disputation  between  Burne,  for 
merly  aCalvinist,and  some  ministers  of  the  Kirk  of  Scotland. 
Burnel,Henry.  Landgartha;  a  Tragi-Comedy,  Dubl . 
1641,  4to. 

Burnes,  Sir  Alexander,  Lt  Col.,  1805-1841,  an 
eminent  military  officer  and  Oriental  scholar,  a  native  of 
Montrose,  made  many  important  investigations  relative  to 
the  geography  of  the  Indus,  Ac.  Journey  to  and  Resi 
dence  in  Cabool,  Lon.,  Svo.  Travels  in  Bokhara,  1831- 
33,  3  vols.  12mo  and  8vo.  It  is  said  that  between  800 
and  900  copies  of  this  gentleman's  work  sold  in  a  single 


day.  It  was  immediately  trans,  into  German  and  French 
Sir  Alexander  was  assassinated  at  the  insurrection  at  Ca 
bool,  November,  1841. 

Burnes,  James.  History  of  the  Knights  Templars, 
Edin.,  4to.  Visit  to  the  Court  of  Sinde,  and  History  of 
Cutch,  Lon.,  12mo. 

Burnet.  A  Vindication  of  Woodward's  State  of  Physic, 
Lon.,  1719,  Svo. 

Burnet.  Sermon  on  Matt  xii.  32. 
Burnet,  Alexander,  1614-1684,  a  native  of  Peebles ; 
Bishop  of  Aberdeen,  1663;  Archbishop  of  Glasgow,  1664. 
The  Blessedness  of  the  Dead  that  die  in  the  Lord;  being 
a  Funeral  Sermon  on  the  death  of  the  Marquis  of  Mon 
trose,  from  Rev.  xiv.  13,  Glasg.,  1673,  4to. 

Burnet,  Elizabeth,  1661-1709,  third  wife  of  Bishop 
Burnet,  was  a  daughter  of  Sir  Richard  Blake,  Knt  At 
18  she  married  Robert  Berkeley,  Esq.,  who  died  in  1693. 
In  1700  she  was  united  to  Bishop  Burnet,  who  had  lost  his 
second  wife  two  years  previously.  A  Method  for  Devo 
tion,  or  Rules  for  Holy  and  Devout  Living ;  2d  edit.,  Lon., 
1709,  Svo;  3d  edit,  1715,  Svo.  See  Lowndes's  Bibl.  Man. 
Burnet,  Gilbert,  1643-1715,  a  native  of  Edinburgh, 
was  sent  at  the  age  of  ten  to  the  University  of  Aberdeen, 
where  he  took  the  degree  of  M.A.  before  he  was  14.  At 
18  he  was  received  as  a  probationer,  and  in  1665  was  or 
dained  priest  in  the  Episcopal  Church,  and  presented  to 
the  living  of  Saltoun.  Two  years  previously  he  had  visited 
Holland,  and  applied  himself  to  the  study  of  Hebrew 
under  a  learned  Jew.  In  1669  he  became  Professor  of 
Divinity  in  the  University  of  Glasgow ;  Chaplain  to  the 
King,  preacher  at  the  Rolls,  and  lecturer  of  St.  Clement's, 
London,  1674,  '05.  In  1683  he  attended  Lord  Russell  to 
the  scaffold,  and  being  suspected  of  disaffection,  thought 
it  prudent  to  retire  to  Paris.  It  is  to  be  recorded  to  his 
honour,  that  although  offered  the  Bishopric  of  Chich ester, 
by  Charles  II.,  if  he  would  embrace  his  cause,  he  refused 
the  overture,  and  wrote  him  a  faithful  letter,  exhorting 
him  to  reform  his  licentious  life  and  impolitic  measures. 

"I  told  the  king,  I  hoped  the  reflection  on  what  had  befallen 
his  father  on  the  30th  of  January,  might  move  him  to  consider 
these  things  more  carefully." 

He  returned  to  England  in  1685,  but  again  fled  to  Paris 
on  the  accession  of  James  II.  in  the  same  year.  He  tra 
velled  for  some  time  on  the  Continent,  after  which,  at  the 
invitation  of  the  Prince  and  Princess  of  Orange — daugh 
ter  and  son-in-law  to  James  II. — he  took  up  his  residence 
at  the  Hague,  and  bore  so  prominent  a  share  in  the  politi 
cal  counsels  of  the  court,  that  James  II. 

"Ordered  a  prosecution  of  High  Treason  to  be  commenced 
against  him,  and  demanded  his  person  from  the  States-general, 
but  without  effect,  as  he  had  previously  acquired  the  rights  of 
naturalization,  by  forming  a  union — his  first  wife  being  dead — 
with  a  Dutch  lady  of  large  fortune  named  Scott." 

The  influence  of  Burnet  in  bringing  about  the  Revolu 
tion  of  1688,  and  the  accession  of  William  and  Mary,  was 
perhaps  greater  than  that  of  any  other  person.  He  ac 
companied  William  to  England  as  his  chaplain,  and  took 
an  active  part  in  the  settlement  of  the  new  government. 
In  1689  the  king  offered  him  the  Bishopric  of  Salisbury, 
but  with  his  usual  disinterestedness  he  begged  him  to  con 
fer  it  on  his  old  friend  Dr.  Lloyd.  His  majesty  replied, 
"  I  have  another  person  in  view,"  and  next  day  nominated 
Burnet  to  the  see,  to  which  was  added  subsequently  the 
Chancellorship  of  the  Order  of  the  Garter.  The  new  bi 
shop  now  zealously  occupied  himself  with  his  literary  and 
official  duties,  leading  a  most  industrious  and  useful  life 
until  the  year  1715,  when  he  was  attacked  with  a  pleuritic 
fever,  which  proved  fatal  on  the  17th  of  March.  The 
bishop  was  a  very  voluminous  writer :  see  list  in  Watt's 
Bib.  Brit,  and  Lowndes's  Bibl.  Manual.  We  notice  a  few 
of  his  principal  works :  Memoirs  of  the  Dukes  of  Hamil 
ton,  Lon.,  1677,  fol. ;  last  edit,  Oxf.,  1852,  Svo.  History 
of  the  Reformation  of  the  Church  of  England,  vol.  i.  1679, 
fol.  This  publication  was  rewarded  with  an  honour  never 
conferred  before  or  since  upon  an  author.  He  received  the 
thanks  of  Parliament,  with  a  request  that  he  would  con 
tinue  his  researches,  and  complete  the  work  he  had  so  well 
commenced.  The  historian  acquiesced :  in  1681  he  pub. 
vol.  ii.,  and  in  1715  vol.  iii.,  with  supplement. 

"  His  History  of  the  Reformation  had  been  received  with  loud 
applause  by  all  parties,  and  had  been  felt  by  the  Koman  Catholics 
as  a  severe  blow.  The  greatest  Doctor  that  the  Church  of  Rome 
has  produced  since  the  schism  of  the  16th  century,  Bossuet,  Bishop 
of  Meaux,  was  engaged  in  framing  an  elaborate  reply." — T.  B. 
MACAULAY  :  Hist,  of  England. 

"  In  Bishop  Burnet's  History  of  the  Church  of  England,  you 
will  have  a  full  view  of  the  steps  which  our  church  took  when  she 
reformed  herself  from  the  errors  of  Popery."— DR.  WOTTON. 

"  Burnet.  in  his  immortal  History  of  the  Reformation,  has  fixed 
the  Protestant  religion  in  this  country  as  long  as  any  religion  re- 


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mains  among  us.    Burnet  is,  without  doubt,  the  English  Euse-  j 
bias."— DR.  APTHORPE. 

"  No  cautions  need  be  suggested  before  the  perusal  of  the  labori-  i 
ous  work  of  this  impartial  and  liberal  Churchman,  an  ornament  I 
to  his  order,  and  who  deserved  the  name  of  Christian." — PROF. 
SMYTH  :  Lectures  on  Mod.  History. 

"  One  of  the  most  thoroughly  digested  books  of  the  century." — 
PROF.  SPALDING. 

This  work  was  speedily  translated  into  several  European 
languages.  In  the  continuation,  Burnet  had  the  valuable 
assistance  of  Bishops  Lloyd,  Tillotson,  and  Stillingfleet. 
The  notes  and  preface  of  Dr.  Nares  in  his  edit,  are  valu 
able,  and  Mr.  G.  L.  Corrie's  Abridgment  (Oxf.,  1847,  8vo) 
will  answer  a  useful  purpose.  An  edit,  was  pub.  in  1829, 
Oxf.,  7  vols.  8vo;  and  in  1850,  Lon.,  2  vols.  imp.  8vo,  il 
lustrated  with  44  portraits  from  Lodge,  and  by  many  valu-  j 
able  notes.  Before  reading  Burnet,  Lenf'ant's  History  of 
the  Council  of  Constance,  1728,  2  vols.  4to,  should  be  pe 
rused.  This  is  Burnet's  own  advice  : 

"  I  cannot  recommend  too  highly  Lenfant's  History  of  the  Coun 
cil  of  Constance,  in  which  the  author  has,  with  great  care,  given 
a  view  of  the  state  of  the  Church  and  Religion  before  the  Reforma 
tion,  and  should  be  read  to  prepare  a  man  for  reading  '  my  his 
tory.'  "—Pref.  la  Hist.  Jfeform. 
Gibbon  thus  notices  Lenfant : 

"  The  Histories  of  the  three  successive  Councils,  Pisa,  Constance, 
and  Basil,  have  been  written  with  a  tolerable  degree  of  candour, 
industry,  and  elegance,  by  a  Protestant  minister,  M.  Lenfant,  who 
retired  from  France  to  Berlin." 

Burnet's  work  did  not  meet  with  universal  commenda 
tion  :  M.  Le  Grand,  Varillas,  and  others  in  France,  Lowth, 
Wharton,  and  Hickes  at  home,  opened  their  batteries  upon 
the  stout  prelate,  who  was  but  little  disconcerted  by  such 
assaults.  Wharton  allows  it  to  have  a  reputation  firmly 
and  deservedly  established.  Many  errors  which  had  crept 
into  preceding  narrations  were  corrected  by  Burnet. 

"The  defects  of  Peter  Heylyn's  History  of  the  Reformation  are 
abundantly  supplied  in  our  author's  more  complete  history.  He 
gives  a  practical  account  of  all  the  affairs  of  the  Reformation,  from 
its  beginning  in  the  reign  of  Henry  VIII.  to  its  final  establish 
ment  under  Queen  Elizabeth,  A.D.  1559.  And  the  whole  is  penned 
in  a  masculine  style,  such  as  becomes  an  historian,  and  is  the  pro 
perty  of  this  author  in  all  his  writings.  The  collection  of  records 
which  he  gives  at  the  end  of  each  volume,  are  good  vouchers  of 
the  truth  of  what  he  delivers  in  the  body  of  the  history,  and  are 
much  more  perfect  than  could  reasonably  be  expected,  after  the 
pains  taken  in  Queen  Mary's  days  to  suppress  every  thing  that 
carried  the  marks  of  the  Reformation  upon  it."  See  Bishop  Nicol- 
son's  Eng.  Hist.  Library. 

The  bishop  increased  his  celebrity  by  the  Lives  of  Ro 
chester,  1680,  8vo,  Hale,  and  Queen  Mary,  (including 
Rochester,)  1682,  2  vols.  8vo,  and  Bishop  Bedell,  1685, 
8vo.  He  pub.  some  other  valuable  biographical  sketches, 
and  the  reader  is  referred  to  his  Lives  and  Characters,  in 
cluding  Hale,  Rochester,  Boyle,  Leighton,  <fcc.,  edited,  with 
an  introduction,  by  Bishop  Jebb,  Lon.,  1833,  8vo.  This  vol. 
also  contains  Five  Unpublished  Letters,  by  Anne,  Countess 
Dowager  of  Rochester,  and  Burnet's  Address  to  Posterity. 
"Bishop  Burnet's  short  but  exquisite  Address  to  Posterity  will 
be  read  and  re-read,  with  fresh  improvement  and  deli"ht,  as 
long  as  the  English  language  lasts. 

The  interesting  incidents  connected  with  the  Conversion 
of  the  Earl  of  Rochester,  through  the  instrumentality  of 
Burnet,  are  well  known. 

"The  life  of  Rochester  is  a  work  which  the  critic  ought  to  read 
for  its  elegance,  the  philosopher  for  its  arguments,  and  the  sain,t 
for  its  piety."— DR.  SAMUEL  JOHNSON. 

In  1683  he  pub.  a  trans,  from  the  original  Latin  (1551) 
of  Sir  Thomas  More's  Utopia.  In  1692,  4to,  appeared  his 
celebrated  Discourse  of  the  Pastoral  Care,  which  is  con 
sidered  by  some  the  best  of  his  writings.  The  3d  edit., 
1713,  has  a  valuable  preface  added :  an  edit,  was  pub.  in 
1821,  12mo.  An  enlarged  edit,  of  his  History  of  the  Reign 
of  King  James  the  Second  was  pub.  at  Oxf.,  1852,  8vo. 
His  Exposition  of  the  XXXIX.  Articles  of  the  Church  of  | 
England  appeared  in  1699,  fol.  Of  this  work  there  have 
been  numerous  editions. 

"  The  good  bishop  seems  to  be  so  attentive  to  the  various  and 
contradictory  opinions  of  others  in  the  several  Articles,  that  you 
are  often  at  a  loss  to  find  his  own."— DR.  WILLIAMS. 

"The  work  contains  much  information,  and  candour:  perhaps 
pursued  to  a  blamable  excess." — Bickersteth's  Cliristian  Student. 
And  see  chap.  xi.  in  that  work. 

The  Exposition  of  the  Articles  is  highly  commended  by 
Archbishops  Tillotson,  Tenison,  and  Sharp;  Bishops  Stil 
lingfleet,  Patrick,  Lloyd,  Hall,  Williams,  and  other  au 
thorities.  The  Rev.  J.  R.  Page  has  pub.  an  edit,  with  a 
valuable  Appendix,  Notes,  and  Additional  References, 
Lon.,  1843,  8vo. 

"  The  editor  has  given  to  our  clergy  and  oar  students  in  theo 
logy  an  edition  of  this  work,  which  must  necessarily  supersede 
every  other;  and  we  feel  he  deserves  well  at  the  hands  of  the 
church  which  he  has  so  materially  served."— Cfiurch  of  England 
Quarterly  ffeview. 
"  The  valuable  references,  notes,  and  indices,  which  accompany 


this  edition,  give  it  a  vast  superiority  over  every  other." — BISHOP 
OF  WINCHESTER. 

"  Though  Burnet's  work  may  have  peculiar  attractions  to  an 
Episcopalian  as  an  exposition  of  his  articles  of  faith,  yet  as  a  trea 
sury  of  Biblical  and  theological  knowledge,  it  is  alike  valuable  to 
Christians  of  every  communion." — Lon.  Christian  Observer. 

The  celebrated  History  of  his  Own  Times  was  left  in 
MS.  at  his  death,  with  orders  that  it  should  not  be  pub. 
until  six  years  after,  when  it  was  given  to  the  world  with 
out  alteration.  The  first  volume,  however,  did  not  appear 
until  1724,  and  the  2d  was  delayed  until  1734.  The  work 
was  pub.  by  his  son  Thomas.  This  interesting  work  has 
been  much  abused  by  the  Tories,  and  it  has  been  a  con 
venient  target  for  the  wits  of  such  critics  as  Swift,  Pope, 
Arbuthnot,  and  others.  The  last  attempted  a  parody  under 
the  title  of  Memoirs  of  P.  P.,  Clerk  of  this  Parish.  Dr. 
Flexman,  pub.  an  edit,  of  the  Bishop's  Own  Times,  with 
Notes,  <fcc.,  in  1753,  6  vols.  8vo.  An  edit,  was  pub.  at  Ox 
ford,  1833,  6  vols.  8vo,  and  the  last  edit,  appeared  in  1847, 
Lon.,  2  vols.  imp?  8vo,  with  Hist,  and  Biog.  Notes,  and  51 
portraits.  Such  men  as  the  wits  just  named  can  bring  any 
writer  into  ridicule,  but  to  impugn  literary  integrity  is  a 
more  difficult  matter.  We  may  venture  something,  but  we 
are  willing  to  incur  the  risk,  when  we  avow  the  opinion 
that  Burnet  is  one  of  the  most  veracious  chroniclers  in  the 
language.  It  was  the  freedom  of  its  strictures  upon  certain 
pet  characters  that  excited  the  satire  of  Pope  and  the  ridi 
cule  of  Arbuthnot.  As  for  the  terms  "Silly  Puppy," 
"Scotch  Dog,"  "Canting  Puppy,"  and  such  other  ele 
gancies  of  the  kennel,  of  which  Swift  was  so  accomplished 
a  master,  we  doubt  if  they  disturb  the  manes  of  the  worthy 
prelate.  It  is  an  everyday  thing  to  find  a  writer  of  some 
centuries'  standing  accused  of  prejudice,  misrepresentation, 
misconception,  &c. ;  but  how  ^a  critic,  who  lives  two  or 
three  hundred  years  after  a  certain  occurrence  has  trans 
pired,  can  understand  it  so  much  better  than  an  eye  or 
ear-witness,  we  are  too  dull  to  discern.  Dr.  Johnson's 
opinion,  as  recorded  by  Bos  well,  will  serve  as  an  instance 
— though  much  less  condemnatory  than  many — of  what 
we  refer  to : 

"Burnet's  History  of  his  Own  Times  is  very  entertaining.  The 
style,  indeed,  is  mere  chit-chat.  I  do  not  believe  that  Burnet  in 
tentionally  lied;  but  he  was  so  much  prejudiced,  that  he  took  no 
pains  to  find  out  the  truth.  He  was  like  a  man  who  resolves  to 
regulate  his  time  by  a  certain  watch;  but  will  not  inquire  whether 
the  watch  is  right  or  not." 

One  might  suppose  that  the  doctor  had  roomed  with  the 
bishop,  at  least :  he  seems  to  be  so  perfectly  informed  as 
to  his  habits. 

Professor  Smyth  is  disposed  to  do  our  author  more  jus 
tice  than  he  has  generally  had  accorded  to  him : 

"  Whatever  he  reports  himself  to  have  heard  or  seen,  the  reader 
may  be  assured  he  really  did  hear  or  see.  But  we  must  receive 
his  representations  and  conclusions  with  that  caution  which  must 
ever  be  observed  when  we  listen  to  the  relation  of  a  warm  and 
busy  partisan,  whatever  be  his  natural  integrity  and  good  sense. 
He  is  often  censured,  and  sometimes  corrected;  but  the  feet  seems 
to  be,  that,  without  his  original,  and  certainly  honest,  account, 
we  should  know  little  about  the  wants  and  affairs  he  professes  to 
explain.  Many  of  the  writers  who  are  not  very  willing  to  receive 
his  assistance,  would  be  totally  at  a  loss  without  it." — Leets.on 
Modern  History. 

We  are  glad  to  see  that  our  (for,  although  American- 
born,  we  claim  all  the  meritorious  English  authors  as  ours) 
latest  historical  commentator,  Mr.  Macaulay,  defends  the 
bishop  against  his  accusers  : 

"  It  is  usual  tq  censure  Burnet  as  a  singularly  inaccurate  his 
torian,  but  I  believe  the  Charge  to  be  altogether  unjust.  He  ap 
pears  to  be  singularly  inaccurate  only  because  his  narrative  has 
been  subjected  to  a  scrutiny  singularly  severe  and  unfriendly. 
If  any  Whig  thought  it  worth  while  to  subject  Reresby's  Memoirs, 
North's  Examen,  Mulgrave's  Account  of  the  Revolution,  or  the 
Life  of  James  the  Second,  edited  by  Clarke,  to  a  similar  scrutiny, 
it  would  soon  appear  that  Burnet  was  indeed  far  from  being  the 
most  inexact  writer  of  his  time." — Hist,  of  England. 

Horace  Walpole  considers  that  the  bishop's  credulity,  as 
he  styles  it,  is  a  proof  of  his  honesty,  and  pays  a  deserved 
compliment  to  the  easy  flow  of  his  narrative : 

"It  seems  as  if  he  had  just  come  from  the  King's  closet,  or  from 
the  apartment  of  the  man  whom  he  describes,  and  was  telling  his 
reader,  in  plain  terms,  what  he  had  seen  and  heard." 

Charles  Lamb  bears  testimony  to  the  same  effect : 

"  I  am  reading  Burnet's  Own  Times.  Did  you  ever  read  that 
garrulous,  pleasant  history?  full  of  scandal,  which  all  true  history 
is ;— no  palliatives,  but  all  the  stark  wickedness  that  actually  gives 
the  momentum  to  national  actors : — none  of  that  cursed  Humeian 
indifference — so  cold,  and  unnatural,  and  inhuman,"  &c. — Letters. 

As  an  extempore  preacher  the  bishop  was  so  happy,  that 
his  congregation  dreaded  his  "finally"  as  much  as  his 
severest  official  reprehension.  Sir  John  Jekyl  told  Speaker 
Onslow,  that  one  day  when  he  was  present,  and  the  worthy 
prelate  had  "preached  out  the  hour-glass"  before  he  had 
finished  his  subject,  "he  took  it  up,  and  held  it  aloft  in 
his  hand,  and  then  turned  it  up  for  another  hour ;  upon 


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which  the  audience — a  very  large  one  for  the  place — set 
up  almost  a  shout  for  joy.** 

We  mean  no  irreverence  to  the  clergy  when  we  remark 
that  one  "  hour-glass"  is  as  much  as  a  modern  congrega 
tion  consider  themselves  entitled  to  claim. 

As  a  parish  priest,  as  well  as  a  diocesan,  Burnet  was 
most  exemplary.  He  wrote  well  upon  the  Pastoral  Care, 
but  he  did  better, — he  was  the  constant  exemplar  of  his 
own  precepts.  We  give  a  specimen  of  his  "manner  of 
life :" 

"  During  the  five  years  he  remained  at  Saltoun,  he  preached 
twice  every  Sunday,  and  once  on  one  of  the  week-days:  he  cate 
chized  three  times  a  week,  so  as  to  examine  every  parishioner,  old 
or  young,  three  times  in  the  course  of  a  year :  he  went  round  the 
parish  from  house  to  house,  instructing,  reproving,  or  comforting 
them,  as  occasion  required:  the  sick  he  visited  twice  a  day:  he 
personally  instructed  all  such  as  gave  notice  of  their  intention  to 
receive  the  communion." — Life,  by  his  son,  Thomas  Burnd,  in  Hist. 
Own  Times. 

His  indifference  for  preferment,  "his  degrading  him 
self  into  the  lowest  and  most  painful  duties  of  his  calling," 
that  he  might  go  about  doing  good,  are  highly  extolled  by 
a  competent  witness,  the  Marquis  of  Halifax.  In  truth, 
both  the  Church  and  the  State  are  under  such  deep  obli 
gations  to  the  exertions  of  Bishop  Burnet,  as  a  clergyman 
and  as  a  statesman,  that  it  ill  becomes  Englishmen  to  treat 
his  memory  with  either  injustice  or  indifference.  See  Biog. 
Brit,  j  Swift's  Works ;  Granger's  Letters ;  Laing's  Hist,  of 
Scotland ;  Birch's  Tillotson ;  Burnet's  Reform.,  1850 ;  Own 
Times,  1847. 

Unmet,  Gilbert,  the  bishop's  second  son,  educated 
at  Merton  College,  Oxford,  and  at  Leyden,  was  chaplain 
to  George  I. :  he  died  early  in  life.  An  Abridgt.  of  vol. 
iii.  of  his  father's  Hist,  of  the  Reformation,  1719.  The 
Generation  of  the  Son  of  God,  1720,  8vo.  He  espoused 
the  cause  of  Hoadly  in  thfe  Bangorian  controversy,  and 
wrote  three  pieces  on  the  occasion,  1718,  <fcc.  He  was  a 
contributor  to  the  Free-thinker,  (collected  in  3  vols.  12mo,) 
and  perhaps  to  Hibernicus's  Letters,  1725,  '26,  '27. 

Burnet,  Gilbert,  d.  1746,  aged  48,  Vicar  of  Coggeshall, 
Essex,  and  Minister  of  St.  James's,  Clerkenwell,  abridged 
the  3  fol.  vols.  of  the  Boyle  Lectures  in  4  vols.  8vo,  Lon., 
1737.  Practical  Sermons,  Lon.,  1747,  2  vols.  8vo. 

"  His  sermons  are  written  in  an  agreeable,  instructive,  and  prac 
tical  manner ;  displaying  solid  reasoning,  true  piety,  and  unaffected 
charity." 

Burnet,  Jacob,  an  American.  Notes  on  the  Early 
Settlement  of  the  North  Western  Territory,  8vo. 

"To  all  who  feel  an  interest  in  the  destinies  of  the  Western 
Country,  this  book  supplies  the  elements  from  which  a  correct 
judgment  may  be  formed,  not  only  of  its  past  history,  but  also  of 
its  probable  position,  in  an  intellectual  and  moral  point  of  view. 
For  it  is  only  by  considering  what  a  nation  has  been,  that  any  cor 
rect  idea  can  be  gained  concerning  what  it  is  likely  to  be." 

Burnet,  James, Lord  Monboddo, 1714-1799,  a  na 
tive  of  Kincardineshire,  Scotland,  was  educated  at  King's 
College,  Aberdeen,  and  studied  Civil  Law  at  Groningen, 
Holland.  He  was  distinguished  rather  for  profound  than 
useful  learning.  In  1764  he  was  appointed  Sheriff  of  Kin 
cardineshire,  and  in  1767  he  succeeded  Lord  Milton  as  a 
Lord  of  Session.  The  Origin  and  Progress  of  Language, 
Edin.,  1773,  6  vols.  8vo.  His  lordship  was  as  much  ena 
moured  of  the  ancients — especially  the  Greeks — as  ever 
was  the  Doctor  in  Peregrine  Pickle.  The  above-named 
work  was  intended  to  settle  the  question  as  to  the  superi 
ority  of  his  favourite  ancients  over  a  degenerate  posterity. 
It  was  not  successful. 

"  Nothing,  it  was  said,  but  the  strange  absurdity  of  his  opinions, 
could  have  hindered  his  book  from  falling  dead-born  from  the  press. 
Dr.  Johnson  often  ridiculed  the  peculiar  notions  enter 
tained  by  Monboddo ;  though,  by-the-by,  there  were  some 
points  of  similarity  between  them,  for  Foote  calls  "Mon 
boddo  an  Elzevir  edition  of  Johnson."  When  the  author 
of  Rasselas  paid  the  modern  Greek  a  visit,  the  latter  pointed 
to  the  Douglas  Arms  in  his  house; — "In  such  houses,' 
said^he,  "  our  ancestors  lived,  who  were  better  men  than 
we."  "  No,  no,  my  lord,"  said  Johnson  :  "  we  are  as  strong 
as  they,  and  a  great  deal  wiser."  Monboddo  was  an  advo 
cate  of  the  superiority  of  the  savage  state :  he  considered 
that  men  were  originally  monkeys,  and  that  a  nation  stil 
existed  with  tails. 

"Dr.  Johnson  attacked  Lord  Monboddo's  strange  speculation  on 
the  primitive  state  of  human  nature.  '  Sir,  it  is  all  conjecture 
about  a  thing  useless,  even  were  it  known  to  be  true.  Knowledge 
of  all  kinds  is  good.  Conjecture,  as  to  things  useful,  is  good ;  bu 
conjecture  as  to  what  would  be  useless  to  know,  such  as  whethe 
men  went  upon  all  fours,  is  very  idle.  ...  It  is  a  pity  to  see  Lore 
Monboddo  publish  such  notions  as  he  has  done;  a  man  of  sense 
and  of  so  much  elegant  learning.  There  would  be  little  in  a  fool 
doing  it;  we  should  only  laugh :  but  when  a  wise  man  does  it,  we 
are  sorry.  [Monboddo  had  written  a  preface  to  the  trans,  of  Con- 
damine's  Account  of  the  Savage  Girl.]  Other  people  have  strange 
298 


notions;  but  they  conceal  them.  If  they  have  tails  [alluding  to 
flonboddo's  theory  of  the  originally  tailed-state  of  man]  they  hide 
hem ;  but  Monboddo  is  as  jealous  of  his  tail  as  a  squirrel.' " — Bos- 
well's  Johnson. 

When  Sir  Joseph  Banks  returned  from  Botany  Bay,  Monboddo 
nquired  after  the  long-tailed  men,  and,  according  to  Johnson,  was 
not  pleased  that  they  had  not  been  found  in  all  his  peregrinations." 
The  Origin  and  Progress  of  Language  was  intended  to 
vindicate  the  honour  of  Grecian  literature  :  to  properly  set 
"orth  the  excellencies  of  the  Grecian  philosophy,  he  pub. 
his  Ancient  Metaphysics,  or  the  Science  of  Universals,  with 
an  Examination  of  Sir  Isaac  Newton's  Philosophy,  Edin., 
1779-99,  6  vols.  4to. 

"  This  work  evinces,  like  the  other,  his  extravagant  fondness  for 
recian  learning  and  philosophy,  and  his  scorn  for  all  that  was  mo 
dern.     It  proves,  that,  though  versed  in  the  science  of  Aristotle  and 
Plato,  he  knew  not,  for  want  of  a  sufficient  acquaintance  with  mo 
dern  literature,  how  to  explain  that  science  to  his  contemporaries." 
We  think  that  there  is  great  weight  in  Bacon's  remark 
that  the  early  age  of  the  world  cannot  properly  be  called 
its  antiquity.     The  latter  ages  are  really  the  antiquity  of 
the  world.     The  remark  will  be  found  somewhere  in  the 
Advancement  of  Learning. 

Burnet,  John,  b.  1784,  at  Fisherrow,  near  Edin 
burgh,  a  distinguished  engraver  and  writer  on  Art.  Prac 
tical  Treatise  on  Painting,  1822-27,  4to :  pub.  orig.  in 
three  parts.  Hints  on  Composition,  Light  and  Shade,  and 
Colour.  Essay  on  the  Education  of  the  Eye  in  Reference 
to  Painting,  1837,  4to.  Illustrated  edition  of  Sir  Joshua 
Reynolds's  Lectures  on  Painting,  with  Valuable  Notes  by 
the  editor,  Ac. :  12  plates  after  the  Great  Masters ;  new 
ed.,  1842,  4to.  Practical  Essays  on  Various  Branches  of 
the  Fine  Arts,  1848,  12mo.  Landscape-Painting  in  Oil 
Colours,  1849,  4to.  Rembrandt  and  his  Works,  1849,  4to. 
Practical  Hints  in  Portrait-Painting,  1850,  4to.  Life  and 
Works  of  J.  M.  W.  Turner,  1852,  4to:  written  in  conjunc 
tion  with  Mr.  P.  Cunningham.  Progress  of  a  Painter, 
1854,  4to.  These  works  are  illustrated  by  numerous  en 
gravings  drawn  and  executed  by  Mr.  B. 

Burnet,  Matthias,  D.D.,  d.  1806,  aged  about  55,  an 
Episcopal  minister  at  Norwalk,  Connecticut,  graduated  at 
Princeton  in  1764.  He  pub.  Reflections  upon  the  Season 
of  Harvest,  and  two  .sermons  in  Amer.  Preacher,  ii.,  iii. 

Burnet,  Thomas,  1635-1715,  a  native  of  Croft,  York 
shire,  entered  Clare  Hall,  Cambridge,  1651;  removed  to 
Christ's  College,  1654;  Fellow,  1657;  Master  of  the  Char 
ter-house,  by  the  Duke  of  Ormond's  influence,  1685.  He 
gained  great  distinction  by  the  following  work :  Telluris 
theoria  sacra :  orbis  nostri  originem  et  mutationes  generales 
quas  aut  jam  eubiit,  aut  olim  subiturus  est,  complectens. 
Libri  duo  priores  de  Diluvio  et  Paradise,  Lon.,  1681,  4to. 
Libri  duo  posteriores,  de  conflagratione  mundi  et  de  futuro 
rerum  statu,  1689,  4to,  that  is — the  English  reader  will  un 
derstand — the  first  two  books  treat  of  the  Deluge  and 
Paradise;  the  last  two,  of  the  burning  of  the  World  and 
the  New  Heavens  and  New  Earth.  This  work  met  with 
much  applause,  and  even  Charles  II.  forgot  his  dogs  and 
ladies  long  enough  to  give  it  an  inspection,  which  amply 
rewarded  his  pains.  The  author  was  thus  encouraged  to 
translate  it  into  English.  He  pub.  the  first  two  books — 
The  Sacred  Theory  of  the  Earth,  &c.— in  1684,  fol.,  with 
a  dedication  to  Charles  II.,  and  the  last  in  1689,  with  a 
dedication  to  Queen  Mary.  The  English  version  is  by  no 
means  an  exact  transcript  of  the  original ;  there  are  addi 
tions,  abridgments,  and  alterations.  The  references  to 
patristic  literature  are  much  fuller  in  the  Latin  than  in  the 
English.  As  regards  ingenuity  of  hypothesis  and  majesty 
of  style,  the  work  is  beyond  praise;  as  a  philosophical  sys 
tem,  it  is  beneath  criticism.  Geological  data,  and  the  first 
principles  of  scriptural  exegesis,  are  entirely  neglected^ by 
our  fanciful  theorist.  Addison  complimented  the  author 
in  a  Latin  ode,  (in  1669,)  which  has  been  prefixed  to  some 
editions  of  the  commended  work,  in  which  he  addresses 
him  in  the  most  nattering  terms  : 

"Opectusingens!  0  animum  gravem, 
Mundi  capacem!  Si  bonos  auguror, 
Te,  nostra  quo  tellus  superbit, 
Accipet  renovata  civem." 

Dr.  Warton  ranks  Burnet  with  the  few  in  whom  the  three 
great  faculties  of  the  understanding,  viz. :  judgment,  ima 
gination,  and  memory  have  been  found  united;  and  he 
considers  him  to  have  displayed  an  imagination  very  nearly 
equal  to  that  of  Milton.  On  the  other  hand,  Warren,  Keill, 
Croft,  and  Whiston  attacked  his  errors;  and  Flamstead  is 
reputed  to  have  told  the  author  that  "there  went  more  to 
the  making  of  a  world  than  a  fine-turned  period,  and  that 
he  was  able  to  overthrow  the  theory  in  one  sheet  of  paper. 
There  are  certainly  grave  errors  put  forth  by  Burnet,  which 
I  we  need  not  specify  here.  The  literary  excellence  of  the 


BUR 

Theory  has  been  acknowledged  even  by  those  who  most 
strongly  condemned  its  assumptions.  Keill  tells  us 

''For  as  I  believe  never  was  any  book  fuller  of  errors  and  mis 
takes  in  PhUosophy,  so  none  ever  abounded  with  more  beautiful 
scenes  and TurpSg  images  of  nature.  But  I  write  only  to  those 

w£o  ;Xt  ssasri^^  thS 

entertainment." 

But  Keill  treats  the  author  with  much  severity  in  other 
parts  of  his  Examination. 

P  «  Apart  from  his  mistakes,  his  works  contain  some  things  rela1> 
ing  to  the  Sc-riptures  worth  reading;  while  the  reader  ought  to  be 
on  his  guard  against  their  sophistry  and  skepticism."-Onne « 

In  1727  12  years  after  his  death,  appeared  De  Fide  et 
Officiis  Christianorum,  and  De  Statu  Mortuorum  et  Resur- 
gentium,  the  last  advocating  the  doctrine  of  the  Millennium, 
and  the  limited  duration  of  Future  Punishment.  Burnet 
had  a  few  copies  privately  printed,  but  had  no  intention 
of  publishing  a  work  which  he  knew  would  elicit  much 
censure.  Imperfect  copies,  however,  got  into  circulation, 
and  Burnet's  friend  Wilkinson  determined  to  publish  a 
correct  edition.  In  a  2d  edit,  pub.  in  1733,  an  addition 
was  made  to  the  last-named  piece,  entitled  De  futura  Ju- 
dseorum  restauratione,  taken  from  Burnet's  MSS.  He  is 
also  said  to  have  been  the  author  of  three  pieces  pub.  with 
out  his  name  under  the  title  of  Remarks  upon  an  Essay 
concerning  Human  Understanding ;  the  first  two  pub.  in 
1697,  the  last  in  1699,  which  Remarks  met  with  a  response 
by  Mrs.  Catherine  Trotter  (afterwards  Cockburn)  in  her 
Defence  of  Locke's  Essay,  1702,  written  when  Mrs.  Trot 
ter  was  but  twenty-three  years  of  age.  It  is  to  be  re 
gretted  that  Burnet's  judgment  was  so  much  inferior  to 
his  imagination.  His  Sacred  Theory  of  the  Earth  is 

"  A  splendid  example  of  erroneous  views  in  philosophy." — Edin 


ofthe  author's  peculiarities  have  tended  to  discredi 
other  scriptural  doctrines  which  he  supported."— BICKERSTETH. 

"His  sentiments  are  far  from  orthodox  on  many  points.  Hi 
considered  the  Mosaic  account  of  the  Fall,  a  pious  allegory;  ori 
pnal  sin,  a  fiction;  and  he  doubted  the  resurrection  of  the  sami 
body,  and  the  eternity  of  future  punishment."— ORME. 

His  works  are  now  much  neglected,  although  when  firs 
published 

"  The  novelty  of  his  ideas,  the  perspicuity  and  elegance  of  hif 
style,  recommended  his  works  to  the  attention  of  the  learned."— 
JfyfisJd's  Philosophy. 

Burnet,  Thomas,  D.D.,  d.  1750,  Rector  of  Wes 
Kingston,  and  Prebendary  of  Sarum,  was  educated  a 
New  College,  Oxford.  Essay  upon  Government,  Lon. 
1726,  8vo.  Answer  to  Tindal's  Christianity  as  old  as  the 
Creation.  Treatise  on  Scriptural  Politics.  Sermons,  1722 
'26.  16  Sermons  preached  at  Boyle's  Lecture,  Lon.,  1726 
2  vols.  8vo.  An  Essay  on  the  Trinity.  This  is  a  very  cu 
rious  dissertation. 

Burnet,  Thomas,  M.D.,  Physician  in  Ordinary  t< 
the  King,  and  brother  to  Bishop  Burnet.  Thesaurus  Me 
dicina)  Practicse,  etc.,  Lon.,  1673,  4to;  best  edit.,  with  the 
author's  last  corrections,  Geneva,  1698,  4to.  Haller  enu 
merates  12  edits,  printed  in  England  and  on  the  Conti 
nent.  Hippocrates  contractus,  etc.,  Edin.,  1685,  8vo ;  Lon. 
1686,  Svo:  Vien.,  1737,  8vo;  Venet,,  1751,  Svo;  Strasburg 
1765.  Of  Dr.  Burnet's  life  no  particulars  are  known. 

Burnet,  Thomas,  d.  1753,  nephew  of  the  above,  an 
third  and  youngest  son  of  Bishop  Burnet,  was  educate 
at  Merton  College,  after  leaving  which  he  became  a  stu 
dent  of  the  Temple.  The  abstruse  mysteries  of  La' 
pleased  him  less  than  "good  company,"  and  he  was  in 
fair  way  to  be  ruined  when  he  took  a  determination  t 
change  his  course.  His  father,  one  day,  observing  his  un 
usually  grave  countenance,  asked  him  what  he  was  med 
tating  ?  "A  greater  work,"  replied  the  son,  "  than  you 
lordship's  History  of  the  Reformation."  "  What  is  that 
Tom  ?"  "  My  own  reformation,  my  lord."  "  I  shall  b 
heartily  glad  to  see  it,"  responded  the  father,  "  but  almos 
despair  of  it."  Now  we  may  pardon  the  bishop's  incre 
dulity,  when  we  are  informed  that  the  scapegrace  wa 
suspected  of  being  one  of  the  wild  "  Mohocks"  of  whom  w 
read  so  much  in  the  Spectator.  Swift  tells  Stella, 

"  Young  Davenant  tells  us  how  he  was  set  upon  by  the  Mohock 
and  how  they  ran  his  chair  through  with  a  sword.  It  is  not  sa 
being  in  the  streets  at  night.  The  Bishop  of  Salisbury's  son 
said  to  be  of  the  gang.  They  are  all  Whigs." 

Yet  the  young  man  was  better  even  than  his  word,  h 
not  only  thought  of  reforming — he  reformed,  and  becam 
one  of  the  most  prominent  lawyers  of  his  day,  and  i 
1741  was  made  a  Justice  of  the  Court  of  Common  Plea 
We  have  already  referred  to  his  having  published  his  fa 
ther's  History  of  his  Own  Times,  and  he  gave  to  the  wor 
some  political  pamphlets, — A  Letter  to  the  People,  Ou 
Ancestors  as  wise  as  we,  <fcc., — and  a  vol.  of  his  poem 


BUR 

as  pub.  in  1777.     He  incurred  the  displeasure  of  Pope  by 
travesty  of  the  first  book  of  the  Iliad.     Of  course,  he 
as  pub.  in  the  Dunciad,  which  pillory  would  always  hold 
ne  more  offender. 

Burnet,  Thomas.  The  Sweets  of  Solitude,  and 
ther  Poems,  1807,  12mo. 

Burnet,  William,  1688-1729,  eldest  son  of  Bishop 
Jurnet,  was  educated  at  Trinity  College,  Cambridge,  and 
t  Leyden.  He  was  one  of  the  many  dupes  of  the  South 
lea  scheme.  In  1720  he  was  appointed  Governor  of  New 
'ork,  and  was  transferred  to  the  government  of  Massa- 
husetts  and  New  Hampshire  in  1728.  He  contributed  to 
Phil.  Trans.,  and  pub.  an  Essay  on  Scripture  Prophecy, 

724 

«  He  attempted  to  explain  the  three  periods  contained  in  the 
welfth  chapter  of  Daniel,  with  arguments  to  prove  that  the  first 
)eriod  expired  in  1715."  , 

An  interesting  account  of  Governor  Burnet  will  be  iound 
n  Allen's  American  Biog.  Diet. 

Bnrnet,  William,  M.D.   Mediterranean  Fever,  Lon., 

Burnett,  Andrew.   Thanksgiving  Sermon,  1696,  4to. 

Burnett,  Charles  M.  Insanity  tested  by  Science, 
Lon.,  1848,  Svo.  Philosophy  of  Spirits  in  relation  to  Mat 
ter,  1850,  Svo.  The  Power,  Wisdom,  and  Goodness  of 
God  as  displayed  in  the  Animal  Creation,  1838,  Svo. 

"  Admirably  adapted  to  lead  the  mind  to  knowledge  of  a  very 
valuable  and  extensive  order."— ion.  Literary  Gazette, 

Burnett,George.  English  and  Latin  Poems,1809,8vo. 

Burnett,  George,  d.  1811,  educated  at  Baliol  College, 
Oxford.  Introduction  to  Mavor's  Universal  History,  Lon., 
1802,  <fcc.,  25  vols.  Svo.  A  View  of  the  Present  State  of 
Poland,  1807,  12mo. 

"  The  ingenuousness  of  the  author  secures  to  him  the  confidence 
of  his  readers,  while  the  fairness  of  his  narrative,  the  flow  of  his 
style  and  the  liberality  and  good  sense  which  distinguish  his  re 
marks,  render  the  perusal  of  his  work  highly  gratifying.  We  ren 
der  this  little  volume  very  moderate  justice  when  we  state  that  it 
exceeds  in  interest  and  value  many  larger  works  penned  under 
circumstances  more  auspicious." — Lnn.  Monthly  Review. 

Specimens  of  English  Prose  Writers,  Lon.,  1807,  3  vols. 
Bvo. 

"  We  regard  these  volumes  as  worthy  of  no  small  commenda 
tion,  and  to  all  who  are  interested  in  the  progress  of  their  mother- 
tongue  we  cheerfully  recommend  a  perusal  of  them."— London 
Monthly  Rev. 

These  specimens,  if  reprinted  in  a  royal  Svo  vol.,  would 
amply  reward,  we  think,  the  enterprise  of  the  publishers. 
They  form  a  fitting  companion  to  Ellis's  Specimens  of  Early 
English  Poetry ;  5th  edit.,  Lon.,  1845,  3  vols.  12mo. 

Burnett,  Gilbert  T.,  1800-1835,  a  lineal  descend 
ant  of  Bishop  Burnet,  (he  added  a  t  to  the  patronymic,) 
was  Professor  of  Botany  in  King's  College,  London,  to  the 
Royal  Institution,  the  Company  of  Apothecaries,  and  to 
the  Medico-Botanical  Society.  He  was  also  a  member  of 
the  Royal  College  of  Surgeons,  associate  editor  of  the 
London  Medical  and  Surgical  Journal,  editor  of  Dr.  Ste- 
phenson  and  Mr.  Churchill's  Medical  Botany,  3  vols.  8vo,  a 
contributor  to  several  medical  journals,  and  pub.  Outlines 
of  Botany,  1835,  Svo.  His  sister,  Miss  M.  A.  Burnett,  has 
published  from  his  MSS.,  Illustrations  of  Useful  Plants 
employed  in  the  Arts  and  Medicine,  126  Nos.  1842-49,  4to. 
•The  drawings  and  colouring  of  the  plates  are  the  work  of 
this  accomplished  lady.  Stephenson  and  Churchill's  Me 
dical  Botany  is  a  most  valuable  work. 

"  The  most  complete  and  comprehensive  work  on  Medical  Bo 
tany." — Lon.  Pharmaceutical  Journal. 

Burnett,  John,  1764-1810,  a  Scotch  lawyer,  sheriff 
of  the  shire  of  Haddington,  1803,  Judge-admiral  of  Scot 
land,  1810,  prepared  a  Treatise  on  the  various  branches 
of  the  Criminal  Law  of  Scotland,  which  was  in  the  press 
at  the  time  of  his  death.  It  was  pub.  in  1811,  Edin.,  4to. 

"  Burnett's  Criminal  Law  is  admitted  to  be,  in  many  points  of 
view,  imperfect  and  unsatisfactory ;  but  it  is  remarkable  as  having 
been  one  of  the  earliest  serious  attempts  to  form  a  collection  of 
decisions.  Though  he  is  looked  at  by  the  Bench  with  some  dis 
trust,  yet  his  excellencies  are  manifold,  and  are  more  seldom  quoted 
than  his  errors,  because  the  former  have  now  become  part  of  our 
consuetudinary  practice." — Law  Journal. 

Burnett,  John.     Two  Sermons,  1774,  Svo.     . 

Burnett,  Miss  M.  A.     See  BURNETT,  GILBERT  T. 

Burnett,  Thomas.  The  British  Bulwark,  Lon., 
1715,  12rno.  Second  Tale  of  a  Tub;  or  the  Hist,  of 
Robert  Powel,  1715,  Svo ;  a  satire  on  Sir  Robert  Walpole, 
ascribed  to  Thomas  Duffet. 

Burnett,  Waldo  Irving,  1828-1854,  b.  at  Southboro', 
Massachusetts.  A  distinguished  scientific  writer.  His 
various  papers  may  be  found  in  the  Journal  of  the  Boston 
Society  of  Nat.  History ;  in  the  Memoirs  of  the  American 
Academy  of  Arts  and  Sciences;  American  Journal  of 
Science ;  Boston  Med.  and  Surg.  Journal  j  and  Am.  Journal 


BUR 


BUR 


of  Med.  Sci.  Comparative  Anat.  of  Siebold  and  Stannius, 
vol.  i.  8vo.  Ably  translated  from  the  German,  with  addi 
tions. 

Burney,  Caroline.    Seraphina ;  a  Novel,  1809, 3  vols. 

Burney,  Charles,  Mus.  Doc.,  1726-1814,  a  native  of 
Shrewsbury,  was  educated  at  the  free  school  there,  and  at 
the  public  school  of  Chester.  His  musical  talent  was  de 
veloped  under  the  instruction  of  the  celebrated  Dr.  Arne. 
In  1749  he  was  elected  organist  of  a  church  in  London, 
and  afterwards  he  officiated  in  the  same  capacity  at  Lynn, 
when  with  Dr.  Arne  he  composed  the  music  of  three 
pieces  for  Drury  Lane  Theatre, — Alfred,  Robin  Hood,  and 
Queen  Mab.  In  1766  he  brought  forward  at  Drury  Lane, 
The  Cunning  Man,  from  Rousseau's  Devin  du  Village,  and 
adapted  to  his  (R.'s)  music.  In  1769  he  received  from 
Oxford  the  degree  of  Doctor  of  Music.  In  1770  he  tra 
velled  on  the  Continent  to  procure  materials  for  his  Gene 
ral  History  of  Music :  of  his  excursions  he  pub.  an  ac 
count,  entitled  The  Present  State  of  Music  in  France  and 
Italy,  Ac.  in  1771,  8vo ;  2d.  edit.,  1774,  8voj  and  in  1773, 
2  vols.  8vo,  appeared  The  Present  State  of  Music  in  Ger 
many,  Ac.  Joel  Collier  burlesqued  this  work  in  his  Mu- 
gical  Travels  through  England,  Lon.,  1776,  8vo.  Johnson 
remarked,  when  referring  to  the  composition  of  his  Tour 
to  the  Hebrides, 

"  I  had  the  musical  tour  of  that  clever  dog  Burney  in  my  eye." 

The  General  History  of  Music  from  the  earliest  ages  to 
the  present  period,  to  which  is  prefixed  a  Dissertation  on 
the  Music  of  the  Ancients,  appeared  in  4  vols.  4to,  Lon., 
1776-89.  Sir  John  Hawkins's  work  on  the  same  subject 
was  pub.  complete  in  5  vols.  4to,  in  the  same  year  in  which 
the  1st  vol.  of  Burney's  History  made  its  appearance — 
1776.  We  find  the  following  comparison  of  their  merits 
in  the  Harmonicon  : 

"  Have  you  read  Sir  John  Hawkins's  History  ? 
Some  folks  think  it  quite  a  mystery ; 
Both  I  have,  and  I  aver 
That  Burney's  History  I  prefer." 

The  Monthly  Reviewers,  whose  smile  was  joy,  and 
whose  frown  was  death,  to  many  a  trembling  author  of 
the  last  century,  give  the  preference  altogether  to  Burney  : 
"  To  Dr.  B.  the  praise  is  justly  due,  of  having  first  begun  to 
supply,  in  a  masterly  and  able  manner,  a  vacuity  in  our  English 
literature.  The  literal  vacancy,  indeed,  on  the  shelves  of  a  library 
was  filled  by  another  History  of  Music  before  this  was  compiled: 
but  the  work  before  us,  we  hesitate  not  to  pronounce,  is  the  only 
one  yet  produced  of  its  kind,  in  our  own,  and.  we  believe,  in  any, 
language,  that  can  be  read  with  satisfaction  by  real  judges  of  the 
subject:  the  only  one,  in  which  they  will  find  any  thing  approach 
ing  to  an  union  of  all  the  requisites  of  a  good  musical  historian : 
— a  thorough  knowledge  of  the  subject;  a  sound  and  unprejudiced 
judgment ;  criticism  equally  supported  by  science  and  by  taste, 
and  much  authentic  and  original  information,  rendered  more  in 
teresting  by  a  certain  amenity,  which  is  the  general  character  of 
Dr.  B.'s  manner  of  writing,  and  which  may  best  be  defined,  as  the 
diametrical  opposite  to  every  thing  that  we  call  dull  and  dry.  We 
do  not  recollect  any  literary  undertaking,  of  equal  labour  both  in 
research  and  execution,  where  that  labour  is  more  apparent  to 
the  reader,  when  he  considers  the  work,  or  less  evident  while  he 
reads  it." 

This  last  compliment  is  one  of  the  most  graceful  which 
we  remember.  One  of  Burney's  biographers  remarks  : 

"  Between  the  two  rival  histories,  the  public  decision  was  loud 
and  immediate  in  favour  of  Dr.  Burney.  Time  has  modified  this 
opinion,  and  brought  the  merits  of  each  work  to  their  fair  and 
proper  level,— and  adjudging  to  Burney  the  palm  of  style,  ar 
rangement,  and  amusing  narrative,  and  to  Hawkins  the  credit  of 
minuter  accuracy  and  deeper  research;  more  particularly  in  the 
points  interesting  to  the  antiquary,  and  the  literary  world  in 
general." 

Dr.  Busby  pub.  in  1819  a  General  History  of  Music, 
abridged  from  the  works  of  Burney  and  Hawkins,  in  2 
vols.  8vo.  Dr.  Johnson  interested  himself  in  assisting  the 
researches  of  his  friend,  the  Musical  Doctor.  He  writes 
to  Dr.  Wheeler,  Nov.  2, 1778, 

"  Dr.  Burney  who  brings  this  paper  is  engaged  in  a  History  of 
Music,  and  having  been  told  by  Dr.  Markham  of  some  MSS.  relat- 
ig  to  his  subject,  which  are  in  the  library  of  your  college,  [Tri 
nity,]  is  desirous  to  examine  them.  He  5s  mv  friend :  and,  there 
fore.  I  take  the  liberty  of  entreating  your  favour  and  assistance  in 
£?,»w  v  *  L  ^i",  aS\Ure  y°u'  ****  &reat  confidence,  that  if  you 
Sn  thJ  kl  A  W°U  ,not  Want  any  »ntervenlent  solicitation  to  ob- 
l?ve  them  "  One  Wb°  loves  virtue  and  learning  as  you 

On  the  same  occasion,  he  invokes  the  good  offices  of 
Dr.  Edwards  in  behalf  of  Burney  • 

«  The  bearer,  Dr  Burney.  has  had  some  account  of  a  Welsh 
manuscript  in  the  Bodleian  library,  from  which  he  hope*  to  Sin 
some  materials  for  his  History  of  Music;  but  being  Kranfo? 
the  language,  is  at  a  loss  where  to  find  assistance  "l  make  no 
doubt  but  you,  sir,  can  help  him  throu-h  his  difficulties  and 
therefore,  take  the  liberty  of  recommending  him  to  your  favour' 
as  I  am  sure  you  will  find  him  a  man  worthy  of  every  civility  that 
can  be  shown,  and  every  benefit  that  can  be"  conferred  "  See  l?os 
well's  Life  of  Johnson. 


The  energy  and  industry  with  which  Burney  pursued 
his  laborious  undertaking,  merit  warm  commendation. 
The  four  massive  volumes  were  the  product,  he  tells  us, 
"  of  moments  stolen  from  sleep,  from  reflection,  and  from 
an  occupation  which  required  all  the  author's  attention 
during  more  than  twelve  hours  a  day,  for  a  great  part  of 
the  year."  See  preface  to  the  General  History  of  Music. 

The  Commemoration  of  Handel  was  celebrated  at  West 
minster  Abbey  in  1782,  and  at  the  request  of  the  Earl  of 
Sandwich,  Burney  drew  up  a  history  of  this  occurrence, 
entitled  An  Account  of  the  Musical  Performances  in  West 
minster  Abbey  and  the  Pantheon,  in  Commemoration  of 
Handel,  Lon.,  1785,  4to.  In  1789  his  distinguished  friend, 
Edmund  Burke,  procured  for  him  the  situation  of  organist 
of  Chelsea  College.  In  1796  he  pub.  his  Memoirs  of  the 
Life  and  Writings  of  the  Abbot  Metastasio,  with  trans,  of 
his  Letters,  3  vols.  8vo.  This  was  a  subject  in  which  the 
doctor  took  a  deep  interest:  he  writes  to  his  daughter 
Fanny,  Madame  D'Arblay,  May  7,  1795 : 

"  I  am  hallooed  on  prodigiously  in  my  Metastasio  mania.  All 
the  critics — Warton,  Twining,  Nares,  and  Dr.  Charles— say  that 
his  Estratto  deW  Arte  Poetica  d'Artntotile,  which  I  am  now  translat 
ing,  is  the  best  piece  of  dramatic  criticism  that  has  ever  been 
written.  'Bless  my  heart!'  says  Warton;  '  I,  that  have  been  all 
my  life  defending  the  three  unities,  am  overset.'  '  Ay,'  quoth  I, 
'  has  not  he  made  you  all  ashamed  of 'em?  You  learned  folks  are 
only  theorists  in  theatrical  matters,  but  Metastasio  had  sixty 
years'  successful  practice.  There !  Go  to.' " — Diary  and  Letters  of 
Madame  d'Arbkty,  vol.  vi.  36;  at  p.  98  see  reference  to  his  Poetical 
History  of  Astronomy. 

The  work  was  well  received  : 

"  Let  it  not  be  a  reproach  to  our  estimable  biographer,  that  he 
has  described  with  the  voluminous  gravity  of  history,  a  group  of 
poets,  singers,  actors,  and  musicians.  It  is  well  that  a  work  of 
this  kind  should  make  its  appearance.  .  .  .  The  am  users  of  our 
leisure,  the  artists  of  our  pleasures,  may  justly  be  ranked  among 
the  benefactors  of  society.  Let  it  belong,  then,  to  the  muse  of 
fame,  to  elevate  monuments  over  their  remains,  and  to  strew 
flowers  on  their  grave,  in  token  of  grateful  remembrance." — 
Monthly  Review,  1796. 

In  Phil.  Trans.,  1779,  will  be  found  the  doctor's  Account 
of  an  Infant  Musician.  He  contributed  to  Rees's  Cyclo 
paedia  almost  all  the  musical  articles,  for  which  he  re 
ceived  £1000.  Dr.  Burney  was  a  familiar  associate  of  the 
most  distinguished  literary  gentlemen  of  his  time.  Of  his 
children,  James  rose  to  the  rank  of  admiral,  Charles  was 
one  of  the  most  celebrated  Hellenists  of  his  age,  and  two 
of  his  daughters,  Frances  (Madame  D'Arblay)  and  Sarah 
Harriet,  were  novelists.  These  will  all  be  noticed  in  their 
order.  In  1806  Dr.  B.  was  granted  a  pension  of  £300, 
and  in  1810  he  was  elected  a  member  of  the  Institute  of 
France.  Mr.  Macaulay  justly  blames  Dr.  Burney  for 
causing  his  daughter  Frances  to  prolong  her  servitude  at 
Court  as  Keeper  of  the  Robes  : 

"  His  veneration  for  royalty  amounted,  in  truth,  to  idolatry.  It 
can  be  compared  only  to  the  grovelling  superstition  of  those  Syrian 
devotees  who  made  their  children  pass  through  the  fire  to  Moloch." 
Read  this  admirable  sketch.—"  Madame  d'Arblay,"  in  Edin.  Re 
view,  January,  1843,  and  in  Macaulay's  Miscellanies. 

In  his  general  character,  however, 

" Dr.  Burney  was  exemplary  in  all  the  relations  of  life;  and  his 
manners  were  said  to  possess  all  the  graces  of  the  Chesterfield 
school,  without  any  of  its  formality,  or  vicious  alloy  of  moral  and 
religious  laxity.  ...  As  a  composer,  his  merits  and  claims  are 
unquestionably  high." 

The  commendation  of  Sir  William  Jones  is  one  of  which 
any  one  might,  indeed,  be  proud  : 

"  Dr.  Burney  gave  dignity  to  the  character  of  the  modern  musi 
cian,  by  joining  to  it  that  of  the  scholar  and  philosopher." 

Burney,  Charles,  Jr.,  D.D.,  1757-1817,  a  son  of 
the  preceding,  was  a  native  of  Lynn,  Norfolk.  He  went 
to  the  Charter-house  in  1768,  and  from  thence  to  Caius 
College,  Cambridge;  he  proceeded  M.A.  in  1781;  LL.D. 
at  Aberdeen  in  1792;  D.D.  at  Cambridge  in  1808.  He 
was  for  some  time  engaged  in  an  academy  at  Highgate, 
and  afterwards  became  assistant  to  Dr.  Rose,  the  transla 
tor  of  Sallust,  at  Chiswick,  whose  daughter  he  married  in 
1783.  He  was  from  1783  to  1800  a  contributor  of  classical 
articles  to  the  Monthly  Review,  and  for  two  or  three  years 
was  editor  of  the  London  Magazine.  His  dissertation  in 
the  Monthly  Review  on  Person's  Hecuba,  and  Wakefield's 
Diatribe,  was  received  with  great  respect  by  Hermann. 
Gaisford,  and  other  eminent  Grecians.  Appendix  ad 
Lexicon  Gr.  Lat.  a  Scapula,  etc.,  1789,  8vo  :  from  some  pa 
pers  formerly  in  Askew's  possession.  Appendix,  contain 
ing  Remarks  on  the  Greek  Verses  of  Milton,  at  the  end 
of  J.  Warton's  edit,  of  Milton's  Minor  Poems,  1791,  8vo. 
Richardii  Bentleii  et  Doctorum  Virorum  Epistolse,  1807, 
4to.  Of  this  beautiful  work  only  200  copies  were  printed 
for  private  circulation.  Copies  have  sold  as  high  as  ten 
guineas.  Frierlemann  reprinted  it  at  Leipsic  in  1825. 
Tentarnen  de  Metris  ab  Eschylo  in  Choricis  Cantibus  ad- 


BUR 

hibitus,  1809,  8vo.     It  is  superfluous  to  call  the  attention 
of  the  well-informed  scholar  to  so  scholarlike  a  work. 

"  Profound  scholarship  is  here  united  with  so  much  useful  plain 
ness  of  instruction,  that  we  earnestly  recommend  the  Tentamen  to 
the  upper  forms  in  our  great  seminaries  of  learning,  and  to  our 
young  men  who  are  perusing  the  Lyric  compositions  of  Ancient 
Greece  at  the  universities."— ion.  Monthly  Review. 

Bishop  Pearson's  Exposition  of  the  Creed,  abridged,  for 
the  Use  of  young  Persons,  1810,  8vo;  2d  edit.  1812, 12mo. 
Philernonis  Lexicon  Technologicum  etc.  e"  Biblioth.  Pa- 
risiens.  Lon.,  1812,  4to  and  8vo. 

"Philemon  lived  about  the  ninth  century.  The  Lexicon  of 
which  Yilloisin  has  spoken  in  such  high  terms  of  approbation,  and 
of  which  Uuhnken  had  given  some  extracts,  is  at  length  published 
for  the  first  time  by  Dr.  Charles  Burney,  from  the  MS.  in  the  Na 
tional  Library  at  Paris.  All  the  learned  are  aware  how  much  this 
important  Glossary  was  treasured  by  the  early  grammarians.  We 
are  under  great  obligations  to  the  editor  for  so  valuable  an  ac 
cession  to  classical  literature." 

Sc  discourses  the  Museum  Criticum,  but  Bast  calls  at 
tention  to  the  tact  that  the  whole  of  this  work  had  ori 
ginally  appeared  in  the  Lexicon  of  Plavorinus.  Osann 
reprinted  it  at  Berlin  in  1821.  Its  value  is  not  so  unques 
tionable  as  the  Museum  Criticum  would  have  us  believe. 

Sermon  preached  at  the  Anniversary  Meeting  of  the 
Stewards  of  the  Sons  of  the  Clergy,  at  St.  Paul's,  May 
14th,  1812  j  Lon.,  1813,  4to.  The  list  of  the  Greek  writers 
in  Harris's  excellent  Catalogue  of  the  Library  of  the  Royal 
Institution,  was  drawn  up  by  Dr.  Burney. 

"  Dr.  Charles  Burney  acquaints  Mr.  Harris  that  he  drew  up  the 
classical  catalogue  with  a  view  to  its  being  printed,  whole  and  en 
tire.  As  there  is  no  list  of  Greek  books  so  ample,  he  still  thinks 
that  its  publication  might  be  of  service  to  the  sale  of  the  R.  I. 
Catalogue ;  but  readily  submits  the  matter  to  the  decision  of  the 
patrons."—  Greenwich,  March  3, 1809. 

Consequently  the  list  was  pub.  in  the  2d  edit,  of  the 
Catalogue,  Lon.,  1821,  r.  8vo.  Let  the  BIBLIOGRAPHICAL 
student  procure  it  without  delay. 

Burney,  Charles  Parr,  M.D.,  Archdeacon  of  Col 
chester,  and  Rector  of  Wickham.  Sermon  on  2  Cor.  iii.  5 
Consecration  of  a  Bishop,  Lon.,  1816,  4to. 

Burney,  Frances.     See  D'ARBLAY,  MADAME. 

Burney,  James,  Rear-Admiral  of  the  British  navy, 
1739-1821,  son  of  Charles  Burney,  Mus.  Doc.,  performed 
two  voyages  of  discovery  with  Captain  Cook,  being  first 
lieutenant  in  Cook's  third  voyage.  On  Cook's  death  he 
acted  as  captain,  and  brought  the  "  Discovery"  home.  At 
the  request  of  his  friend,  Sir  Joseph  Banks,  he  undertook 
to  compile  a  Chronological  History  of  the  Discoveries  in 
the  South  Sea,  or  Pacific  Ocean;  with  a  History  of  the 
Buccaneers  of  America ;  this  work  was  pub.  Lon.,  1803— 
17,  with  maps  and  charts,  in  5  vols.  4to. 

"  This  digest  comprehends  all  the  voyages  in  the  South  Sea,  to 
the  reign  of  George  III.;  Hawkesworth's  account  of  Cook's  First 
Voyage  following  without  any  chasm,  as  an  immediate  sequel." 

Mr.  Stevenson,  referring  to  this  work  and  Dalrymple's 
Collection,  remarks : 

"  Both  these  works  are  by  men  qualified  by  science,  learning, 
research,  and  devotedness  to  their  object,  to  perform  well  what  they 
undertook  on  any  subject  connected  with  geography  and  disco 
very."—  Historical  Sketch,  etc. 

"  Burney's  is  a  masterly  digest  of  Voyages  in  the  South  Sea,  dis 
playing  a  rare  union  of  nautical  skill,  and  literary  research."— Lon. 
Quarterly  Review. 

"  L'introduction  renferme  une  relation  succinte  de  toutes  les 
d6couvertes  faites  avant  le  voyage  de  Magellan.  L'auteur  a  con- 
suite  et  compare  &  cet  effet  toutes  les  relations  qni  nous  restent 
sur  ces  decouvertes;  mais  en  ge'ne'ral,  il  a  suivi  celles  de  Ferre.ro, 
et  de  Pigafetta."  Voyez  Bibliotheque  Universelle  des  Voyages.  &c., 
par  G.  Boucher  de  la  Richarderie.  A  Paris,  1808,  6  vols.  8vo.' 

Chronological  History  of  North-Eastern  Voyages  of 
Discovery,  and  of  the  early  Eastern  Navigations  of  the 
Russians,  1819,  8vo.  Plan  of  Defence  against  Invasion, 
1796,  4to.  Measures  recommended  for  the  Support  of 
Public  Credit,  1797,  4to.  The  Burneys  were  all  favourites 
of  Dr.  Johnson.  We  have  seen  (ante)  how  much  interest 
he  felt  in  the  father's  success.  It  is  pleasing  to  see  the 
following  evidence  that  his  regard  was  continued  to  the 
son:  he  refers  to  Captain  Burney's  appointment  to  the 
"Bristol,"  in  1781: 

"  I  am  willing  to  hear,  however,  that  there  is  happiness  in  the 
world,  and  delighted  to  think  on  the  pleasure  diffused  among  the 
Burneys.  I  question  if  any  ship  upon  the  ocean  goes  out  with 
more  good  wishes  than  that  which  carries  the  fete  of  Burney." — 
Letter  to  Mrs.  Thrale. 

Burney,  Richard,  Rector  of  St.  Peter's,  Canterbury. 
King  Charles  the  Second  presented  to  the  Houses  of  Par 
liament  in  their  next  Session  as  Strength,  Honour,  and 
Peace  of  the  Nations  :  delivered  in  eight  sermons,  Lon., 
(1660,)  4to. 

"  Written  in  a  vaunting  and  bombast  style." — LOWNDES. 

Burney,  Sarah  Harriet,  half-sister  to  Frances 
Burney,  was  also  a  novelist,  but  not  so  fortunate  in  gain 
ing  the  public  attention.  Geraldine  Fauconberg ;  a  Novel, 


BUR 

1808,  3  vols.  12mo.  The  Wanderer,  or  Female  Difficulties, 
1814,  5  vols.  12mo.  The  Shipwreck;  being  vol.  i.  of  the 
Tales  of  the  Fancy,  1815,  12mo.  Traits  of  Nature;  a 
Novel,  1812,  4  vols. ;  2d  edit,  1812,  5  vols.  12mo. 

"  We  have  before  remarked  that  together  with  family  talents,  we 
discern  a  family  likeness  in  this  lady's  productions ;  and  the  same 
idea  is  excited  by  the  volumes  before  us.  In  particular,  the  he 
roine,  Adela,  strikes  us  as  bearing  a  resemblance  to  Evelina,  in 
character  and  situation." — Lon.  Monthly  Review,  1813. 

"  This  lady  has  copied  the  style  of  her  relative,  but  has  not  her 
raciness  of  humour,  or  power  of  painting  the  varieties  of  the  hu 
man  species." — Chambers's  Ct/dopfedia  of  Eng.  Lit. 

Burney,  William,  LL.D.,  1762-1832,  Master  of  the 
Royal  Academy,  Gosport.  The  Naval  Heroes  of  Great 
Britain,  1806,  12mo.  The  British  Neptune,  1806,  12mo. 
A  New  Universal  Dictionary  for  the  Marine,  enlarged  from 
Falconer,  1815,  4to.  Falconer's  work  was  pub.  1769,  and 
in  1771,  '80,  and  '89,  4to. 

Burnham,  R.  G.,  an  American  author.  Cancelling 
Arithmetic.  Arithmetic  for  Common  Schools  and  Acade 
mies.  Part  1,  Mental  Arithmetic. 

"  The  philosophy  of  the  mode  of  teaching  adopted  in  this  work 
is:  Commence  where  the  child  commences,  and  proceed  as  the 
child  proceeds:  fall  in  with  his  own  mode  of  arriving  at  truth; 
aid  him  to  think  for  himself,  and  do  not  the  thinking  for  him." 

Part  Second,  Written  Arithmetic. 

"It  is  the  result  of  a  long  experience  in  teaching,  and  contains 
sufficient  of  arithmetic  for  the  practical  business  purposes  of  life." 

Burnham,  Richard.  Pious  Memorials;  or,  the 
Power  of  Religion  upon  the  Mind  in  Sickness  and  at 
Death,  Lon.,  1753,  8vo,  and  1820,  8vo  ;  pub.  by  Mr.  Burder. 
In  the  preface  to  this  work  will  be  found  some  useful 
anecdotes  and  devout  reflections  by  Mr.  Hervey,  author 
of  the  Meditations,  Ac. 

Burns,  Allan,  a  native  of  Glasgow,  and  a  teacher  of 
anatomy  and  surgery.  Observations  on  Diseases  of  the 
Heart.  Illustrated  by  Cases,  Edin.,  1809,  8vo.  Obs.  on 
the  Surgical  Anatomy  of  the  Head  and  Neck,  1812,  8vo. 

Burns,  Arthur.  Method  of  Surveying,  Chester, 
1771,  8vo. 

Burns,  Jabez,  D.D.  The  Parables  and  Miracles  of 
Jesus  Christ,  Lon.,  12mo. 

"  An  admirable  volume,  full  of  the  loftiest  truths  and  the  most 
valuable  deductions  and  applications." — Lon.  Spectator. 

400  Sketches  and  Skeletons  of  Sermons,  4  vols.  12mo ; 
ditto  for  Special  Occasions,  1  vol.  12mo. 

"  The  author  is  a  man  of  the  right  stamp ;  watching  for  souls  as 
one  that  must  give  account." — Revivalist. 

Light  for  the  House  of  Mourning :  a  Book  for  the  Be 
reaved.  Light  for  the  Sick  Room :  a  Book  for  the  Afflicted. 

"  An  excellent  book  for  the  invalid's  chamber." — Lon.  Baptist 
Magazine. 

"A  treatise  benevolently  conceived,  powerfully  written,  and 
well  adapted  to  answer  the  ends  for  which  it  has  been  composed." 
— Lon.  Morning  Herald. 

Other  religious  works. 

Burns,  John,  M.D.,  Regius  Professor  of  Surgery  in 
the  University  of  Glasgow.  The  Principles  of  Surgery, 
Lon.,  1838,  2  vols.  8vo. 

"  A  very  comprehensive  treatise  on  the  principles  and  practice 
of  surgery." — Lon.  Medico-Chirurgical  Review. 

Principles  of  Midwifery;  10th  edit,  enlarged,  1843,  8vo. 
Treatment  of  Diseases  of  Women  and  Children,  8vo.  Guide 
to  Health,  12mo.  Principles  of  Christian  Philosophy,  6th 
edit.,  1846, 12mo.  Christian  Fragments,  or  Remarks  on  the 
Nature,  Precepts,  and  Comforts  of  Religion,  1844,  f.  8vo. 

"  We  recommend  this  volume  with  sincere  pleasure  to  our  read 
ers  as  an  admirable  manual  of  devotion,  and  a  safe  companion  in 
seasons  of  distress." — Lon.  Athenaeum. 

Other  professional  works. 

Burns,  Robert,  b.  January  25,  1759,  d.  July  21, 
1796,  was  a  native  of  the  Parish  of  Alloway,  near  Ayr, 
Scotland.  His  father,  a  small  farmer,  sent  him  to  the 
county  school  in  the  neighbourhood,  where  he  acquired  a 
knowledge  of  the  English  branches,  to  which  he  subse 
quently  added  a  limited  acquaintance  with  Latin,  French, 
and  geometry.  He  eagerly  devoured  all  the  books  which 
fell  in  his  way,  and  Guthrie's  Grammar,  the  Gardener's 
Directory,  and  Hervey's  Meditations,  engrossed  the  time 
spared  from  the  Seasons  of  Thomson  and  the  Plays  of 
Shakspeare.  When  about  16  he  "first  committed,"  to  use 
his  own  phraseology,  "  the  sin  of  rhyme."  His  powers 
were  first  awakened,  as  is  usually  the  case  with  young 
poets,  by  an  affair  of  the  heart.  •  In  essaying  the  accents 
of  affection,  his  muse  found  its  voice,  and  the  gift  once 
discovered  was  not  likely  to  be  disregarded.  His  poems 
circulated  in  manuscript  through  the  country,  and  were 
much  admired  by  his  rural  readers,  and  he  had  no  incon 
siderable  fame  as  a  poet,  when  some  friends  persuaded 
him  to  publish  a  volume  in  order  to  defray  his  expenses  to 
Jamaica,  where  he  hoped  to  obtain  a  situation  as  overseer 
on  a  plantation.  His  first  project  had  been  emigration  to 


BUR 

the  United  States.    Accordingly  the  volume  was  pub.  in 

1786,  Svo,  at  Kilmarnock,  and  met  with  great  success,  the 
600  copies  resulting  in  a  profit  of  £20,  which  was  a  small 
fortune  to  the  young  author.     Burns  now  engaged  his 
passage,    embraced   his   friends,    and   sent    his   chest  to 
Greenock  to  be  placed  on  board  a  vessel  bound  for  Ja 
maica,  when  he  received  through  a  letter  to  a  friend,  an 
imvitation  from  Dr.  Blacklock  to  visit  Edinburgh.     It  was 
accepted,  for — remarks  Burns — 

"  His  opinion  that  I  would  meet  with  encouragement  in  Edin 
burgh  for  a  second  edition  of  my  poems,  fired  me  so  much,  that 
away  I  posted  for  that  city,  without  a  single  acquaintance,  or  a 
single  letter  of  introduction." 

He  was  greatly  admired  in  Edinburgh.  Dr.  Robertson, 
Dugald  Stewart,  Henry  Mackenzie,  and  other  men  of  note, 
felt  a  pleasure  in  drawing  admiring  crowds  round  the  rustic 
poet,  whose  conversational  abilities  struck  his  auditors  with 
as  much  surprise  as  they  had  experienced  from  the  perusal 
of  his  verses. 

"  It  needs  no  effort  of  imagination  to  conceive  what  the  sensa 
tions  of  an  isolated  set  of  scholars  (almost  all  either  clergymen  or 
professors)  must  have  been  in  the  presence  of  this  big-boned,  black- 
browed,  brawny  stranger,  with  his  great  flashing  eyes,  who  having 
forced  his  way  among  them  from  the  plough-tail,  at  a  single  stride, 
manifested  in  the  whole  strain  of  his  bearing  and  conversation,  a 
most  thorough  conviction  that  in  the  society  of  the  most  eminent 
men  of  his  nation,  he  was  exactly  where  he  was  entitled  to  be : 
hardly  deigned  to  flatter  them  by  exhibiting  even  an  occasional 
symptom  of  being  flattered  by  their  notice:  by  turns  calmly  mea 
sured  himself  against  the  most  cultivated  understandings  of  his 
time,  in  discussion ;  overpowered  the  bon  mots  of  the  most  celebrated 
convivialists  by  broad  floods  of  merriment,  impregnated  with  all 
the  burning  life  of  genius ;  astounded  bosoms  habitually  enveloped 
in  the  thrice-piled  folds  of  social  reserve,  by  compelling  them  to 
tremble— nay  to  tremble  visibly— beneath  the  fearless  touch  of 
natural  pathos." — LOCKHART. 

The  Bishop  of  Aberdeen,  whom  Burns  visited  when  in 
that  city  not  long  after,  gives  us  a  high  opinion  of  the  poet's 
power  of  interesting  his  new  friends : 

"  As  to  his  personal  appearance,  it  is  very  much  in  his  favour. 
He  is  a  genteel-looking  young  man,  of  good  address,  and  talks  with 
as  much  propriety  as  if  he  had  received  an  academical  education. 
He  has,  indeed,  a  flow  of  language,  and  seems  never  at  a  loss  to 
express  himself  in  the  strongest  and  most  nervous  manner.  On 
my  quoting  with  surprise,  some  sentiments  of  the  Ayrshire  plow 
man,  '  Well,'  said  he,  '  and  a  plowman  I  wa«  from  my  youth,  and 
till  within  these  two  years  had  my  shots  studded  with  a  hundred 
tackets.  But  even  then  I  was  a  reader,  and  had  r«ry  early  made 
all  the  English  poets  familiar  to  me,  not  forgetting  the  old  bards 
of  the  best  of  all  the  poetical  books,  the  Old  Testament"'— Bishop 
Skinner's  Letter  to  his  son. 

A  second  edition  of  his  poems  was  pub.  at  Edinburgh  in 

1787,  2  vols.  8vo ;  the  immediate  profit  of  which,  includ 
ing  copyright  and  subscriptions,  was  £700,  and  a  further 
sum  was  subsequently  received  by  the  successful  author. 
This  large  receipt  in  a  day  of  comparatively  few  readers, 
is  to  be  attributed  to  the  fact  that  many  subscribers  volun 
tarily  paid  one  and  two  guineas  per  copy,  instead  of  the 
six  shillings  required.     The  2800  copies  were  subscribed 
for  by  1500  individuals.     At  Edinburgh  Burns  unfortu 
nately  acquired  those  habits  of  intemperance  and  associa 
tion  with  the  profligate  which  proved  his  bane.   He  returned 
in  1788  to  Ayrshire,  appropriated  £200  of  his  fortune  to 
the  relief  of  his  aged  mother  and  his  brother,  and  married 
Jean  Armour,  (his  "  Bonny  Jean,")  an  old  acquaintance, 
the  daughter  of  a  mason  in  Mauchlin.    His  first  love, 
"  Highland  Mary,"  (Mary  Campbell,)  fell  a  victim  to  a  ma 
lignant  fever  when  making  preparations  for  her  marriage 
to  our  poet.     He  commemorated  her  in  his  touching  elegy 
"  To  Mary  in  Heaven,"  in  language  which  will  outlast  the 
sculptured  marble  and  storied  urn  of  the  noble's  tomb.    By 
means  of  the  mistaken  friendship  of  Dr.  Wood,  Burns  was 
appointed  an  exciseman  or  gauger,  (worth  £70  per  annum,) 
which  threw  into  the  way  of  temptation  an  appetite  already 
soliciting  the  excitement  of  the  intoxicating  bowl.     A  be 
nevolent  gentleman,  Mr.  Peter  Millar,  leased  him  the  farm 
of  Ellisland,  on  the  banks  of  the  Nith,  in  Dumfriesshire, 
on  very  advantageous  terms,  and  he  had  every  encourage 
ment  to  lead  a  virtuous  life,  relieving  agricultural  toil  by 
converse  with  the  muse ;  but  intemperance  had  now  become 
a  confirmed  habit,  and  rendered  him  an  easy  prey  to  a  fever 
which  carried  him  off  at  the  early  age  of  thirty-seven  years 
and  six  months.     He  had  removed  to  the  lown  of  Dumfries 
in  1791.     In  1792  he  contributed  to  A  Select  Collection  of 
original  Scottish  Airs  for  the  Voice,  all  the  songs  which 
form  vol.  3d  of  the  edit  of  his  works  in  3  vols.  12mo.  He  pub. 
a  third  edit,  of  his  poems  at  Dumfries  in  1793      He  also 
contributed  to,  we  may  almost  say  edited,  Mr.  James  John 
son's  Scots  Musical  Museum,  pub.  in  6  vols.,  1787-1803  • 
in  1839  a  new  edit,  with  Notes  and  Illustrations  was  pub' 
An  ed,  of  Burns's  works  was  pub.  in  1798, 2  vols.  8vo.  Works 
with  Life  and  Criticisms,  Ac.,  by  James  Currie,  Liverp ' 
1800, 4  vols.  8vo ;  several  edits.     Reliques,  Letters,  Ac.,  by 


BUR 

R.  H.  Cromek,  Lon.,  1808,  8vo.  Select  Scottish  Songs,  by 
R.  H.  Cromek,  Lon.,  1810,  2  vols.  8vo.  Works,  5  vols.  8vo. 
Poems  ascribed  to  Robert  Burns,  Glasg.,  1801,  8vo:  this 
vol.  contains  some  pieces  omitted  by  Currie,  who  left  out 
many  exceptionable  ones.  Letters  addressed  to  Clarinda 
Glasg.,  1802,  12mo.  This  vol.  was  suppressed.  Heron's 
Memoirs  of  the  Life  of  Burns,  Edin.,  1797,  Svo.  Views  in 
North  Britain,  to  illustrate  the  Poems  of  Burns,  by  Storer 
and  Greig,  1805,  4to.  Poems,  with  Life,  Remarks  on  his 
writings,  Ac.,  1811,  2  vols.  8vo;  this  edit,  contains  many 
poems  and  letters  not  in  Currie's  collection.  A  Critique  on 
the  Poems  of  Burns,  1812,  Svo.  Review  of  the  Life  of 
Burns,  by  Alex.  Peterkin,  Edin.,  1815,  Svo.  A  Letter  rela 
tive  to  Currie's  edit,  of  Burns,  by  William  Wordsworth, 
1816,  Svo.  The  Poems  and  Songs  of  Burns,  by  the  Rev 
Hamilton  Paul,  Glasg.,  1819.  Works  of  Burns,  by  his 
brother  Gilbert  Burns,  1820,  4  vols.  Svo.  A  Pilgrimage  to 
the  Land  of  Burns,  1822,  Svo.  A  Series  of  Illustrations 
of  the  Poems  of  Burns,  by  W.  Kidd.  The  Life  of  Burns, 
by  J.  G.  Lockhart,  Edin.,  1828,  Svo;  5th  edit.,  Lon.,  1847, 
fp.  8vo.  Life  and  Works  of  Burns,  by  Robert  Chambers, 
1857,  4  vols.  Svo.  Up  to  the  present  year  (1858)  perhaps 
115  edits,  have  been  issued  in  all !  The  illustrated  edition 
by  Blackie  A  Son,  Edin.,  2  vols.  r.  Svo,  preceded  by  Prof. 
Wilson's  Essay  on  the  Genius  and  Character  of  Burns,  and 
Dr.  Currie's  Memoir  of  the  Poet,  with  Notes  and  Literary 
and  Pictorial  Illustrations,  has  met  with  great  favour. 

"  It  is  all  that  the  admirers  of  the  national  Poet  can  desire ;  com 
plete,  accurate,  and  handsome." — Lon.  Monthly  Review. 

"  The  Illustrations  are  executed  in  the  first  style  of  art,  and  the 
typographical  department  of  the  work  cannot  be  surpassed." — Lon. 

Allan  Cunningham's  edition,  (pub.  by  Henry  G.  Bohn.) 
with  Life  by  A.  C.,  and  Notes  by  Sir  Walter  Scott,  Thomas 
Campbell,  Wordsworth,  and  Lockhart,  1S47,  contains  150 
pieces  more  than  are  to  be  found  in  Currie's  edition.  Mr. 
Bohn'sedit.  contains  848  pages,  whereas  one  pub.  in  similar 
shape  professing  to  be  "  the  only  complete  edition,"  contains 
but  504  pages,  the  matter  being  two-thirds  only  of  Bohn's 
edit  In  the  latter  the  life  by  Cunningham  fills  164  pp. ; 
whilst  in  the  former  it  is  abridged  and  comprised  in  47 
pages.  It  is  an  interesting  fact  that  within  a  year  from 
the  publication  of  Burns's  Poems  in  Edinburgh,  1787,  two 
editions  were  pub.  in  the  United  States,  viz. :  in  New  York 
and  in  Philadelphia,  1788. 

The  melancholy  story  of  Burns  adds  another  to  the  dark 
catalogue  of  the  victims  of  the  arch-demon  INTEMPERANCE. 
When  will  men  learn  to  shun  all  companionship  with  that 
fell  enemy  which  "  steals  away  the  brains,"  destroys  the 
peace,  and  blasts  the  reputation,  and  effectually  ruins  the 
bodies  and  souls  of  its  votaries  ? 

We  conclude  with  some  brief  extracts  from  opinions  on 
this  distinguished  son  of  song: 

"  Burns  is  by  far  the  greatest  poet  that  ever  sprung  from  the  bo 
som  of  the  people  and  lived  and  died  in  an  humble  condition. 
Indeed,  no  country  in  the  world  but  Scotland  could  have  produced 
such  a  man ;  and  he  will  be  forever  regarded  as  the  glorious  repre 
sentative  of  the  genius  of  his  country.  He  was  born  a  poet,  if 
ever  man  was,  and  to  his  native  genius  alone  is  owing  the  perpe 
tuity  of  his  fame.  For  he  manifestly  had  never  deeply  studied 
poetry  as  an  art,  nor  reasoned  much  about  its  principles,  nor  looked 
abroad  into  the  wide  ken  of  intellect  for  objects  and  subjects  on 
which  to  pour  out  his  inspiration The  strings  of  his  lyre  some 
times  yield  their  finest  music  to  the  sighs  of  remorse  or  repentance. 
Whatever,  therefore,  be  the  faults  or  defects  of  the  poetry  of  Burns 
— and  no  doubt  it  has  many — it  has,  beyond  all  that  was  ever  writ 
ten,  this  greatest  of  all  merits,  intense,  life-pervading,  and  lifi 
breathing  truth." — Prof.  Wilson's  Essay  on  the  Genius  and  Character 
of  Burns. 

"  All  that  remains  of  Burns,  the  writings  he  has  left,  seem  to  us 
no  more  than  a  poor  mutilated  fraction  of  what  was  in  him :  orfc 
broken  glimpses  of  a  genius  that  could  never  show  itself  c 
plete;  that  wanted  all  things  for  completeness:  culture,  leisu 
true  effort,  nay,  even  length  of  life.    His  poems  are,  with  scarce! 
any  exception,  mere  occasional  effusions,  poured  forth  with  lit 
premeditation,  expressing,  by  such  means  as  offered,  the  passio 
opinion,  or  humour  of  the  hour.     Never  in  one  Insfemc 
permitted  to  grapple  with  any  subject  with  the  full  collectoi 
his  strength,  to  fuse  and  mould  it  in  the  concentrated  fire  of 
genius.    To  try  by  the  strict  rules  of  art  such  imperfect 
ments,  would  be  at  once  unprofitable  and  unfair.     Nevertne 
there  is  something  in  these  poems,  marred  and  defective  as 
are,  which  forbids  the  most  fastidious  student  of  poetry  to 
them  by.  .  .  .  The  excellence  of  Burn  sis,  indeed,  among  the rare>J 
whether  in  poetry  or  prose;  but,  at  the  same  time,  it  is  plain,  an. 
easily  recognised— his  indisputable  air  of  truth."— THOMAS  CABLTLE 
Edin.  Review,  xlviii.  273. 

"  The  rank  of  Burns  is  the  very  first  of  his  art,"— LORD  Bi 

"  The  life  of  the  poor  peasant  is  very  interesting.    I: 
are  very  extraordinary.     Some  of  the  additional  songs  [pub.  i 
Currie's  edit.]  are  much  more  perfect  than  his  compositions  put>- 
lished  during  his  life :  and  there  are  some  which  I  cannot 
numbering  amongst  the  happiest  productions  of  human  genii 
— SIR  JAMES  MACKINTOSH.  ,, 

"  He  has  in  all  his  compositions  great  force  of  conception,  am 


BUR 

great  spirit  and  animation  in  its  expression.    He  has  taken  a  large 
range  through  the  region  of  Fancy,  and  naturalized  himselt 


BUR 

Mr.  Burr  pub.  1.  A  Treatise  entitled  The  Supreme  Deity 
of  our  Lord  Jesus  Christ  maintained,  in  a  Letter  to  the 


almost  all  her  climates.  He  has  great  humour— great  powers  of  de(jication  Of  Mr.  Emlyn's  Inquiry  ;  this  was  reprinted  in 
description,— great  pathos,— and  great  discrimination  of  character.  —  2  A  Fagfc  germon  on  accOunt  of  the  encroachments 
Almost  every  thing  that  he  says  has  spirit  and  originality ;;  and  T?rpnph  Tnn  1  1755 

every  thing  that  he  says  well  is  characterized  by  a  charming  ia-  I  <  ^n,  JS 


cilitv.  which  gives  a  grace  even  to  occasional  rudeness,  and  com 
municates  to  the  reader  a  delightful  sympathy  with  the  spontane 
ous  soaring  and  inspiration  of  the  poet."— LORD  JEFFREY. 

"Burns  was  in  truth  the  child  of  passion  and  feeling.  His 
character  was  not  simply  that  of  a  peasant  exalted  into  notice  by 
uncommon  literary  attainments,  but  bore  a  stamp  which  must 
have  distinguished  him  in  the  highest  as  in  the  lowest  situation 
of  life.  .  .  .  When  his  soul  was  intent  on  suiting  a  fevourite  air 
with  words  humorous  or  tender,  as  the  subject  demanded,  no  poet 
of  our  tongue  ever  displayed  higher  skill  in  marrying  melody  to 
immortal  verse."— Lon.  Quarterly  Review,  i.  32 

"  The  prose  works  of  Burns  consist  almost  entirely  ol  ms  letters. 
They  bear,  as  well  as  his  poetry,  the  seal  and  impress  of  his  ge 
nius;  but  they  contain  much  more  bad  taste,  and  are  written  with 
far  more  apparent  labour.  His  Poetry  was  almost  all  written  pri 
marily  from  feeling,  and  only  secondarily  from  ambition.  His 
letters  seem  to  have  been  nearly  all  composed  as  exercises  and  for 


"  We  are  yet  living  under  the  moral  influence  of  Burns,  and  are 
unaware  of  all  the  fruit  it  may  ripen:  we  see  his  breathing  and 
vivifying  spirit  everywhere  abroad.  Not  only  is  it  manifest  in 
the  philosophy  of  Wordsworth,  in  the  glorious  lyrics  of  Campbell, 
in  the  patriotic  melodies  of  Moore ;  but  wherever,  in  the  vast  and 
crowded  haunts  of  labour  and  trade,  the  humble  artisan  feels  the 
sense  of  his  own  dignity — burns  with  the  desire  of  the  beautiful — 
is  haunted  with  the  dreams  of  knowledge, — gathers  up  the  daisy 
from  the  ploughshare,  and  estimates  at  their  true  distinctions  of 
value  the  '  guinea  stamp,'  and  the  '  gowd'— there,  yet  glows,  ele 
vates,  and  inspires  the  royal  and  gentle  spirit,with  its  lion  courage 
and  dove-like  tenderness,of  Robert  Burns."— Edin.  Review. 

"  As  a  poet  Burns  stands  in  the  front  rank.  His  conceptions 
are  all  original ;  his  thoughts  are  new  and  weighty;  his  style  un- 
borrowed  :  and  he  owes  no  honour  to  the  subjects  which  his  muse 
selected;  for  they  are  ordinary,  and  such  as  would  have  tempted 
no  poet,  save  himself,  to  sing  about.  All  he  has  written  is  distin 
guished  by  a  happy  carelessness;  a  fine  elasticity  of  spirit;  and  a 

impassi(   ed|      Burrel,  Alexander.     Assize  Sermon,  1725,  8vo. 

familiar,  yet  dignified;  careless,  yet  concise;  he  sheds  a  redeeming  I       Burrel,  Andrew.      Proposals  for  a  Critical  Analysis 
light  on  all  he  touches;  whatever  his  eye  glances  on  rises  into  life     of  all  the  Hebrew  and  Chaldaic  Words  in  the  Old  Testa- 
and  beauty.    Of  Beauty  itself  he  has  written  with  more  fervour     ment   Lon.,  1738,  8vo. 
and  inspiration  than  all  other  modern  poets  put  together;  the 


3.  The  Watchman's  Answer 

to  the  Question,  "What  of  the  Night?"  a  sermon,  1756. 
4.  A  Funeral  Sermon  on  Governor  Belcher,  1757: 

This  was  preached  but  a  few  days  before  his  own  death;  and 
his  exertions,  in  a  very  feeble  state  of  health,  to  honour  the  me- 
a  highly  respected  friend,  it  is  thought,  accelerated  that 
See  Livingston's  Funeral  Elog. ;  Smith's  Serm.,  and  pref. 
to  Burr's  Serm.  on  Belcher;  Miller,  ii.  345 ;  Edwards'sLife,  app.; 
Green's  Disc.,  300-313;  Savage's  Winthrop,  xi.  22;  Allen's  Amer. 
Biog.  Diet. 

Burr,  Colonel  Aaron,  1756-1836,  Vice-President 
of  the  U.  States,  1801-05,  was  a  son  of  the  preceding. 
The  Private  Journal  of  Aaron  Burr  during  his  residence 
of  four  years  in  Europe,  with  Selections  from  his  Corre- 
pondence,  by  Matthew  L.  Davis,  N.  York,  1838,  2  vols. 
8vo.  Memoirs  of  Aaron  Burr,  with  Selections  from  his 
Correspondence,  by  Matthew  L.  Davis,  1837,  '38,  2  vols.  8vo. 
Life  of  Aaron  Burr,  by  Saml.  L.  Knapp,  1835,  12mo.  Life 
and  Times  of  Aaron  Burr,  by  J.  Parton,  N.Y.,  1858,  8vo. 
Burr,  G.  D.  Instructions  in  Practical  Surveying, 
Lon.,  1846 ;  2d  ed.,  p.  8vo  :  for  the  use  of  young  OiT.  3ers, 
civil  and  military  engineers,  architects,  &c.  It  is  used  at 
the  Royal  Military  College,  Sandhurst. 

Burr,  Mrs.  Higford.  Sketches  in  Spain,  The  Holy 
Land,  Egypt,  Turkey,  and  Greece,  14  fine  plates,  Lon., 
1841,  imp.  folio.  These  plates  are  beautifully  coloured  in 
imitation  of  the  original  drawings :  pub.  at  six  guineas. 

Burr,  Thomas  Benge.  History  of  Tunbridge  Wells, 
Lon.,  1776,  8vo. 

A  book  of  considerable  merit,  though  written  by  a  Journey 
man  Bookseller."— WATT. 

A  well-written  and  entertaining  work."— LOWNDES. 


compliments  he  pays  are  destined  to  live  while  we  have  loveliness 
in  the  land.  He  is  the  poet  of  freedom  as  well  as  of  beauty ;  his 
song  of  the  Bruce,  his  '  Man's  a  man  for  a'  that,'  and  others  of  the 

same  mark,  will  endure  while  the  language  lasts He  owes 

nothing  to  the  poetry  of  other  lands — he  is  the  offspring  of  the 
soil :  he  is  as  natural  to  Scotland  as  the  heath  is  to  her  hills :  his 
variety  is  equal  to  his  originality ;  his  humour,  his  gayety,  his 
tenderness,  and  his  pathos,  come  all  in  a  breath ;  they  come  freely, 
for  they  come  of  their  own  accord ;  the  contrast  is  never  offensive ; 
the  comic  slides  easily  into  the  serious,  the  serious  into  the  tender, 
and  the  tender  into  the  pathetic."— ALLAN  CUNNINGHAM. 

Burns,  Robert,  son  of  the  preceding.  The  Cale 
donian  Musical  Museum,  a  Complete  Vocal  Library,  1809, 
12mo. 

Burns,  Robert,  one  of  the  ministers  of  Paisley. 
Letter  to  Rev.  Dr.  Chalmers  on  the  Protestant  and  Roman 
Catholic  Religions,  Paisley,  1818,  8vo.  Hist.  Dissert,  on 
the  Law  and  Practice  of  Great  Britain,  and  particularly  of 
Scotland,  with  regard  to  the  Poor,  2d  edit,,  Edin.,1819,  8vo. 
"  Hardly  worth  notice,  the  useful  matter  being  of  limited  amount, 
and  buried  under  a  load  of  irrelevant  rubbish." — McOuttoch's  Lit, 
of  Polit.  Economy. 

Burns,  Thomas.     Sermons  on  the  Fast,  1803,  8vo. 
Burns,  Wm.  Tendency  of  Methodism,  2  pts.,  1810-12. 
Burnside,  A.  W.    Catechism  on  the  Common  Prayer, 
Lon.,  1845,  12mo. 

Burnside,  R.     The  Fruits  of  the  Spirit,  1805,  8vo. 
Burnside,  Robert.     Religion  of  Mankind,  Lon., 
1819,  2  vols.  8vo. 

Burnyeat,  John.  Truth  Exalted  in  the  Writings  of 
that  Eminent  and  Faithful  servant,  J.  Burnyeat,  1691,  4to. 
Burr,  Aaron,  1714-1757,  an  eminent  divine,  and  se 
cond  President  of  the  College  of  New  Jersey,  was  a  native 
of  Fairfield,  Connecticut,  a  descendant  of  the  Rev.  Jona 
than  Burr  of  Suffolk,  England,  for  18  years  a  minister  at 
Dorchester,  Massachusetts.  Aaron  Burr  married  in  1752 
a  daughter  of  the  celebrated  Jonathan  Edwards,  (his  suc 
cessor  in  the  Presidency  of  the  College,)  by  whom  he  had 
two  children,  viz.  Aaron,  late  Vice-President  of  the  United 
States,  and  a  daughter,  who  was  married  to  Judge  Reeve. 
Mr.  Burr  was  one  of  the  principal  founders  of  the  College 
over  which  he  was,  in  1748,  upon  the  death  of  Jonathan 
Dickinson,  called  to  preside.  The  charter,  which  had 
never  been  carried  into  operation,  was  by  Mr.  Burr's  in 
fluence  enlarged  by  Governor  Belcher,  Oct.  22,  1746,  and 
Jonathan  Dickinson  was  appointed  President.  The  insti 
tution  was  first  established  at  Elizabeth  town,  then  removed 
to  Newark,  and  in  1757  to  Princeton.  The  first  commence 
ment  was  in  1748,  when  six  young  men  graduated,  five  of 
•whom  became  ministers.  See  DICKINSON,  JONATHAN. 


Burrel,  J.     Letter,  1810.     Sermon,  1812. 

Burrel, George.  Charities,  Ac.  of  Hartford,  1809,8vo. 

Burrel,  John.  Divine  Right  of  Kings,  Serm.,1683,4to. 

Burrell,  Percival.     Sermon,  Lon.,  1629,  4to. 

Burrell,  Lady  Sophia,  d.  1802,  a  daughter  of  Sir 
Charles  Raymond,  married  in  1773,  "  with  a  fortune  of 
£100,000,"  Sir  William  Burrell,  who  died  1796.  In  1797 
she  married  the  Rev.  William  Clay  of  Nottinghamshire. 
Poems,  Lon.,  1793,  2  vols.  8vo.  The  Thymbriad,  from 
Xenophon's  Cyropaedia,  1794,  8vo.  Telemachus,  1794,  8vo. 
Theodora,  or  the  Spanish  Daughter;  a  Tragedy,  1800,  8vo. 
Maximian;  a  Tragedy  from  Corneille,  1800,  8vo.  The 
Test  of  Virtue,  and  other  Poems,  1811,  8vo. 

Lady  Burrell's  poetical  talents  do  honour  to  her  pen.  .  .  .  She 
has  attempted  the  ludicrous  and  the  satirical,  not  without  success ; 
and,  in  several  sketches  from  nature,  she  has  shown  herself  a  po 
etical  Teniers."— Lon.  Monthly  Review,  1793. 

Burrell,  William.    Assize  Sermons,  1712,  8vo. 

Burrhus.  %  See  BURROUGHS,  SIR  JOHN,  Knt. 

Burridge,*Ezekiel.  Historia  Nuperse  Rerum  Mu- 
tationis  in  Anglia,  Londini,  1697,  8vo. 

Burridge,  Richard.  The  Faith  of  a  Converted 
Atheist,  Lon.,  1712,  8vo. 

Burrill,  Alexander  M.,  born  in  the  city  of  New  York. 
Graduated  at  Columbia  College,  1824.  Studied  law  under 
Chancellor  Kent.  Admitted  to  the  Bar  in  the  State  of 
New  York,  1828.  1.  A  Treatise  on  the  Practice  of  the 
Supreme  Court  of  the  State  of  New  York,  2  vols.  8vo, 
1840 ;  a  second  edition,  much  enlarged,  3  vols.  8vo,  1846. 
This  work  is  favourably  reviewed  in  the  U.  S.  Law  Maga 
zine  for  July,  1850.  2.  A  Law  Dictionary  and  Glossary, 
2  vols.  r.  8vo,  1850. 

« It  is  the  most  complete  and  perfect  work  of  the  kind  that  has 
fallen  under  my  observation,  and  cannot  fail  to  be  highly  useful, 
not  only  to  the  student,  but  also  to  the  experienced  practitioner. 
No  law  library  should  be  without  it.  It  is  a  work  that  need  only 
be  known  to  be  appreciated."— S.  NELSON,  Justice  of  the  Supreme 
Court  of  the  United  States. 

Very  favourable  reviews  of  this  Law  Dictionary  will  be 
found  in  the  Penn.  Law  Journal,  Nov.,  1850;  U.S.  Law 
Mag.,  July,  1850— April,  1851;  Boston  Law  Reporter, 
March,  1851;  New  York  Code  Reporter,  May,  1851 ;  Lon. 
Legal  Examiner,  Dec.,  1853 ;  Kent's  Commentaries,  7th 
edit.,  vol.  i.  p.  559;  &c.  3.  A  Treatise  on  the  Law  and 
Practice  of  Voluntary  Assignments  for  the  benefit  of  Cre 
ditors,  8vo,  1853.  4.  A  Treatise  on  Circumstantial  Evi 
dence,  8vo,  1856. 

Burlington,  George,  Governor  of  South  Carolina. 
Answer  to  Dr.  Wm.  Brackenridge's  Letter  concerning  the 

303 


BUR 


BUR 


number  of  inhabitants  within  the  London  Bills  of  Mor- 
Ulily,  1757,  8vo. 

Burrington,  Gilbert,  Prebendary  of  Exeter,  Rector 
of  Woodleigh,  and  Vicar  of  Chudleigh.  An  Arrangement 
of  the  Genealogies  in  the  Old  Testament  and  Apocrypha, 
Ac.,  Lon.,  1836,  2  vols.  4to. 

"  A  vory  elaborate  work,  IlluBtrated  by  copious  notes,  critical, 
philological,  and  explanatory,  which  are  the  result  of  long  and  la- 
txirlnui  Ht.udy,  and  which  materially  elucidate  many  verbal  and 
chronological  difflculties."  See  T.  II.  Home's  Introduction,  and 
Lownden'n  Brit.  librarian's  Guide,  340. 

liurrish,  Onslow.  Batavia  Illustrata,  Lon.,  1729, 
8vo :  Policy  and  Commerce  of  the  United  Provinces. 

Burritt,  Elihu,  b.  1811,  Now  Britain,  Conn.,  known 
as  the  Learned  Blacksmith.  He  acquired  a  knowledge 
of  the  Hebrew,  Greek,  Syriac,  Spanish,  Danish,  Bohemian, 
ami  I'nli.-li  hillbillies.  In  IS  12  IK;  translated  some  of 
lln-  Ir.-himlir  s:i.:;as.  ('..ntrili.  to  the  A  nier.  llclee.  Kov. 

a  series  of  translations  from  the  Samaritan,  Arabic,  and 
Hebrew.  In  1843  ho  began  the  study  of  the  Ethiopic, 
Persian,  and  Turkish  languages:  the  Latin  and  French 
ho  studied  while  an  apprentice  to  his  trade.  His  works 
are:  Sparks  from  the  Anvil;  A  Voice  from  the  Forge; 

Th.mi'lils  ;m. I  Tilings  at  Hume  ami  Ahmad,  ISf.l;  1'cace- 
l';i|irrs  fur  the  People;  ami  A I  iseel  laneoiis  Works,  Lon., 
12ino.  Ho  has  boon  the  editor  of  many  journals,  and  has 
travelled  and  lectured  throughout  Europe  and  America. 

Burritt,  Elyah  II.,  brother  of  the  preceding.  Log. 
Arithmetic.  Geography  of  the  Heavens :  many  edits. 

Burrough,  Edward,  1634-1668,  a  native  of  West 
moreland,  embraced  Quakerism,  and  laboured  for  its  ex 
tension  with  great  zeal.  He  was  imprisoned  in  Newgate 
fur  jire:iehin^,  and  died  there.  Visitation  of  Ireland,  by 
E.  B.  and  Francis  Howgill,  Lon.,  1656,  4to.  Messnge  to 
the  Present  Rulers  of  England,  1659,  4to. .  Wholesome 
Information  to  the  King  of  England,  1660,  fol.  Ho  did 
not  shrink  from  bearing  his  testimony  both  to  Cromwell 
and  Charles  II.,  and  obtained  from  the  latter  an  order  to 
stop  the  persecutions  which  his  sect  were  suffering  from 
in  New  England.  He  pub.  several  other  treatises.  His 
works  were  collected  in  1  vol.  fol. :  The  Memorable  Works 
of  a  Son  of  Thunder  and  Consolation,  1672.  This  is  now 
very  rare,  and  hold  at  a  high  price. 

Burrough,  G.  F.  Narrative  of  the  Retreat  of  the 
British  Army  from  Burgos ;  in  a  series  of  Letters,  1814, 8vo. 

Burrough,  Henry,  Prebendary  of  Peterborough. 
Lectures  on  the  Catechism,  Confirmation,  and  Religious 
Vows,  1773,  8vo. 

Burrough,  James,  M.D.  A  Case  of  Bulinea,  Phil. 
Trans.,  1700. 

Burrough,  John.     Visitation  Sermon,  1718,  8vo. 

Burroughes,  Edward.  Essays  on  Practical  Hus 
bandry  and  Rural  Economy,  1820,  8vo. 

••  His  attention  was  much  turned  upon  green  crops,  which  he 
raisod  and  used  very  systematically  and  successfully.  The  author 
•was  not  carried  away  by  any  reverie,  or  visionary  "schemes;  sub 
stantial  utility  was  close  behind  every  practice,  and  sanctioned 
every  operation." — Donaldson's  Affricult.  Biog. 

Burroughes,  Jeremiah,  1599-1646,  a  Puritan  di 
vine,  educated  at  Cambridge,  was  ejected  for  Nonconform 
ity.  Rector  of  Titshall,  1631;  Minister  at  Rotterdam; 
preached  at  Stepney  and  Cripplegate,  1642.  Excellency 
of  a  Generous  Spirit,  Lon.,  1639,  Svo.  Moses,  1641,  4to. 
Exposition  of  the  Three  First  Chapters  of  Hosea ;  new  ed., 
with  Notice  of  the  Author,  by  James  Sherman,  1843,  Svo. 

"  A  vory  practical  and  doctrinal  work :  does  not  include  the  last 
chapter:  but  Bishop  Reynolds  and  Dr.  Sibbs  have  expositions  on 


The  Rare  Jewel  of  Christian  Contentment,  1649,  4to  : 
new  edit,,  1845. 

"  This  Rare  Jewel  is  truly  a  jewel,  which  still  shines  as  bright 
as  ever." 

It  is  highly  commended  by  Goodwin,  Simpson,  Green- 
hill,  Bridge,  and  many  of  the  principal  writers  of  his  time. 
He  pub.  some  other  theological  treatises. 

"  JwoniahRurroagl^  was  a  writer  of  much  piety,  good  sense, 

',  alao,  fe  was  gready  admired : 

that,  if  aD  Presbyterians  had  been  like  Mr. 
Kke  Mr.  Burroughes,  their  differ- 


E.  H.  and  H.  B.  Gresson. 

:•--:..  :-42.  N» 

Epistle  to  Jt 


The  Irish 
Barry, 
Serma,  1733,  8ro. 


B«rro«sh«,  Jeremiah.    Yiew  of  Popery,  im,  STO. 
Job*.    Denmt  Palnodist:  2 


Burroughs,  Borough,  or  Burrhus,  Sir  John, 
d.  1643;  was  knighted  1624;  made  Garter  King-at-Arms, 
1633.  Impetus  Juveniles  et  qusedam  Selectiores  aliquan- 
tulum  Animi  Epistolae,  1643,  Svo.  Among  the  principal 
names  are  those  of  Philip  Bacon,  Sir  Francis  Bacon, 
Thomas  Farnabie,  Thomas  Coppin,  and  Sir  Henry  Spel- 
rnnn.  The  Sovereignty  of  the  British  Seas,  proved  by 
Records,  History,  and  the  municipall  Lawes  of  the  King 
dom  :  written  in  the  year  1633,  Lon.,  1651,  12mo.  Wood 
informs  us  that  Sir  John  made  A  Collection  of  Records  in 
the  Tower  of  London. 

Burroughs,  Joseph,  1684-85-1761,  a  native  of  Lon 
don,  educated  at  the  University  of  Leyden,  pastor  of  a 
Baptist  congregation,  Barbican,  London,  1717,  was  a  man 
of  considerable  learning.  Two  Discourses  on  Private  In 
stitutions;  concerning  Baptism,  Lon.,  1742,  Svo.  Ser 
mons,  pub.  separately,  1713-55. 

Burroughs,  Samuel.  History  of  the  Chancery ; 
relating  to  the  Judicial  Power  of  that  Court,  and  Rights 
of  the  Master,  Lon.,  1726,  12mo. 

"  Lord  King  was  so  much  pleased  with  the  work  that  he  re 
warded  the  author  with  a  mastership  in  Chancery." — Cooper's  De 
fects  of  Chancery. 

Legal  Judicature  in  Chancery  stated,  <5bc.,  Lon.,  1727, 
Svo.  In  this  work  the  author  is  said  to  have  had  the  as 
sistance  of  Mr.  (afterwards  Bishop)  Warburton. — Hurd's 
Life  of  Warburton. 

Burroughs,  Stephen.  Life  of,  by  himself.  A  book 
once  very  popular  in  New  Eugland;  repub.  in  Phila., 
1848. 

Burroughs,  or  Burroughes,  Thomas.  A  Sove- 
rain  Remedy  for  all  kinds  of  Grief,  Ps.  xxxix.  9, 1662,  4to. 

Burroughs,  W.  K..     Lectures  on  Genesis,  1848. 

Burrow,  Edward  J.,  D.D.  Elements  of  Conchology, 
Lon.,  1815,  '18,  Svo.  Hours  of  Devotion ;  trans,  from  the 
German,  1830,  Svo.  Remarks  on  the  Elgin  Marbles,  Svo. 
Scholar's  Companion  to  the  Bible,  12mo.  A  Summary  of 
Christian  Faith  and  Practice,  1822,  3  vols.  12mo. 

"  Confirmed  by  references  to  the  text  of  Holy  Scripture ;  com 
pared  with  the  liturgy,  articles,  and  homilies  of  the  Church  of 
England ;  and  illustrated  by  extracts  from  the  chief  of  those  works 
which  received  the  sanction  of  public  authority,  from  the  time  of 
the  Reformation,  to  the  final  revision  of  the  established  formula 
ries." 

Burrow,  Edward  J.  Book  of  Rates  on  Merchan 
dise,  Glasg.,  1774,  fol. 

Burrow,  Sir  James,  1701-1782,  appointed  Master 
of  the  Crown  Office  in  1724,  held  this  office  until  his  death, 
making  the  long  term  of  58  years.  During  the 

"Memorable  presidency  of  the  great  Earl  of  Mansfield,  Sir 
James  seems  to  have  been  the  first  reporter  of  law  cases." 

Reports  in  K.  B.  in  the  time  of  Lord  Mansfield,  1756- 
72,  Lon.,  1766,  5  vols.  fol. ;  5th  edit.,  with  notes  and  refer 
ences,  by  Serjeant  Hill,  Lon.,  1S12,  5  vols.  Svo.  American 
edits.,  Phila,,  1SOS,  5  vols.  Svo ;  condensed  in  2  vols.  Svo, 
New  York,  1833.  These  reports  are  highly  valued  as  the 
faithful  repositories  of  Lord  Mansfield's  decisions.  Bur 
row  was  a  constant  attendant  at  the  King's  Bench. 

"  The  material  &cts  of  the  cases  are  luminously  detailed." 

"The  great  reputation  of  the  judge  whose  decisions  Burrow  re 
cords  will  preserve  the  reporter's  name,  like  the  column  designed 
to  perpetuate  the  fame  of  some  illustrious  action,  or  the  memory 
of  a  great  name."  See  Marvin's  Legal  Bibl. :  Bridgman's  Legal 
Bibl.;  Brooke's  Bibl.  Leg.;  Hoffman's  Legal  Study. 

Sir  James  pub.  Anecdotes  and  Observations  relating  to 
Cromwell  and  his  Family,  1763,  4to,  and  some  other 
works.  Questions  concerning  Literary  Property  in  the 
case  Miller  r.  Taylor,  1773,  4to,  will  be  found  at  greater 
length  in  the  Reports,  vol.  iv. 

Burrow,  Reuben,  d.  1791,  a  mathematician,  was  a 
native  of  Hoberley,  Yorkshire.  Restitution  of  Apollo- 
nius  on  Inclinations :  Doctrine  of  Projectiles,  Ac.,  Lon., 
1773,  4to.  Short  Account  of  Mr.  Burrow's  Measurement 
of  a  Degree  of  Longitude  and  one  of  Latitude,  1796. 
Some  of  his  papers  will  be  found  in  the  Asiatic  Transac 
tions.  He  was  engaged  in  making  a  trigonometrical  sur 
vey  of  Bengal  at  the  time  of  his  death. 

Burrow.  Robert.  Happy  Influences  of  Society, 
merely  Civil;  a  serm.,  1723,  Svo.  Serm.,  1729,  Svo. 

Bnrrowes,  Amyas.     Modern  Encyclopaedia,  1816. 

Bunrowes,  George,  born  at  Trenton,  K.  J.,  1811. 
j  Commentary  on  the  Song  of  Solomon.  Contributor  to 
'  the  Princeton  Review,  Ac. 

Burrowes,  J.  F.  Piano-Forte  Primer,  Lon.,  12mo- 
Thorough-Bass  Primer.  12mo. 

Burrowes,  Robert,  D.D.,  Dean  of  Cork.  A  Serm., 
1W,  8ro,  Sermons  on  the  First  Lessons  of  the  Sunday 
Morning  Service;  with 4  Senis.  on  other rabjeete,  1817,  STO. 


BUR 


The  language  throughout  is  simple,  yet  eloquent,  and  the  style, 
nervous  chaste,  and^dignified."-C'Amhan  Remembrancer. 

Twelve  Discourses  on  the  Liturgy  of  the  Church  ot  Eng 
land,  delivered  in  the  Cathedral  of  St.  Fin-Borr,  Cork, 

Burrows,  G.  Mann,  M.D.,  member  of  the  Royal  Coll. 
of  Physicians  of  Lon.,  Ac.  Commentaries  on  the  Causes, 
Forms,  Symptoms,  and  Treatment  of  Insanity,  Lon.,  Svo. 
"Many  persons,  professional,  as  well  as  extra-professional  U**« 
naturallV  been  dosinms  to  h-arn  tVoni  lii.u  to  what  method  he  has 
been  indebted  for  su.-h  ,-,,,i,,,-..t  success.  \\  e  have  no  doubt  that 
thev  will  find  their  wishes  most  fully  Rratitiod  by  a  perusal  of  this 
division  of  hi*  Treatise,  in  which  the  plan  of  treatment  has  been 
unfolded  with  great  simplicity,  perspicuity,  and  judgment.  — 
Min.  Mtd.and  Surg.Jmtr.,  Jan.  ami  April,  1829. 

« It  is  a  work  containing  an  immense  collection  of  Important 
practical  information  from  varions  sources,  di.^estedand  commented 
on  by  a  man  of  sound  judgment,  accurate  observation  and  exten 
sive  experience."— M,-dico-C/,intrgiail  Krvirw,  Nov.  1828. 

"  A  faithful  guide  to  the  younger  practitioner,  and  a  usetul  com 
panion  to  those  of  maturer  years."— DR.  CAMPBELL,  Physician  to 
the  L.  C.  Lunatic  Asylum. 

«  Your  invaluable  work  on  Insanity  more  minutely  and  intelli 
gibly  details  the  causes  and  treatment  of  that  important  malady, 
in  all  its  modifications  and  forms,  than  any  1  have  heretofore  read. 
It  will  in  future  be  my  text-book,  and  I  am  surerny  best  guide." — 
Letter  frrnn  Dr.  Pennington,  Phy.  to  the  Nottingham  Lunatic  Asylum . 
Dr.  Burrows  has  also  pub.  a  treatise  On  Disorders  of  tho 
Cerebral  Circulation,  Lon.,  1848,  Svo,  pp.  236. 

"We  have  derived  much  gratification  from  the  perusal  of  Dr. 
Burrows's  very  able  work,  and  strongly  recommend  its  perusal  tc 
our  readers.  It  is  replete  with  interesting  and  practically  nseinl 
fects,  and  well  supports  the  author's  reputation  as  a  careful  and 
judicious  observer."— Medical  Gazette. 

Burrows,  J.,  M.D.  Essay  on  Cancers,  1767,  Svo. 
Trans,  of  a  medical  treatise  by  M.  De  Velnos,  1770,  Svo. 

Burscough,  Robert.  Treatise  of  Church  Govern 
ment,  Lon.,  1692,  Svo.  A  Discourse  of  Schism,  1699,  Svo. 
Other  treatises. 

Burscough,  Wm.,  D.D.,  d.  1755,  consecrated  Bishop 
of  Limerick,  1725.    Sermons  pub.  separately,  1715,  '16,  '22. 
Burslem,  Captain  Rollo,  R.A.   A  Peep  into  Toork 
isthan,  Lon.,  Svo,  1846. 

"It  is  to  our  minds  one  of  the  most  sterling  books  we  have  had 
since  Eothen." — Cambridge  and  Oxford  Hf.riew. 

Burslem,  Willoughby  M.,  M.D.,  senior  physician 
to  the  Blenheim  street  Dispensary.  Pulmonary  Consump 
tion  and  its  Treatment,  p.  Svo. 

"We  find  a  series  of  original  and  important  observations  on  the 
state  of  the  periodical  functions  of  tho  female  in  relation  to  the 
development  and  treatment  of  phthisis,  and  a  commentary  on  the 
various  phenomena  of  the  disease,  which  impress  us  with  tin-  <-..u 
viction  that  the  author  Ls  as  painstaking  in  his  literary  pursuit  of 
knowledge  as  he  is  evidently  a  practical  physidan." — Ism.  JM.I 
Burt,  Adam,  Surgeon.  Med.  treatises,  1735,  '98. 
Burt,  Captain  Edward*  Letters  from  a  Gentleman 
in  the  North  of  Scotland  to  his  Friend  in  London,  Lon. 
1754,  2  vols.  Svo;  1757,  2  vols.  Svo;  1759,  2  vols.  Svo 
1815,  2  vols.  Svo;  with  large  Appendix,  Introduction,  and 
Notes,  by  R.  Jamieson,  Edin.  and  Lon.,  1818,  2  vols.  Svo, 
Sir  Walter  Scott  contributed  some  "  curious  materials"  to 
this  edition  of  this  valuable  work.  See  Lockhart's  Life  of 
Scott,  Index;  Scott's  Poetical  Works,  vo).  viii.,  pcurm; 
Scott's  Prose  Works,  vol.  xx.  21,  n.,  Ac. 

Hurt,  John  T.  Results  of  the  syatem  of  Separate 
Confinement,  as  administered  at  the  Pentonville  Prison, 
by  J.  T.  B.,  Assistant  Chaplain,  Lon.,  1852,  Svo. 

Burt,  Capt.  Richard,  R.N.    Proc.  on  Thwsus,  1809. 
Burt,  William.    Obs.  on  Banks,  1810,  Svo.    Rambles 
in  London,  1811,  Svo.     Conseq.  of  the  French  Revolution 
to  England  Considered,  1811,  12mo. 

Burt,  William.  Christianity;  a  Poem,  Lon,,  Svo. 
Miscellaneous  Papers  on  Scientific  Subjects,  p.  Svo.  Ob 
servations  on  the  Curiosities  of  Nature,  p.  Svo. 

Burtenshaw.  Letters  to  Lord  Mansfield,  1781,  4 to. 
Bnrthogge,  Richard,  M.D.  Of  infernal  Torments, 
Lon.,  1675,  Svo.  On  Divine  Goodness,  1670,  8ro.  Of 
Reason  and  Truth,  1678,  Svo.  Of  the  Soul  of  the  World; 
in  a  Letter  to  John  Locke,  1699,  Svo.  Essay  upon  Hu 
man  Reason,  and  the  Nature  of  Spirits,  1694,  Svo. 

'•I*,  this  essay  the  author  has  advanced  many  things  wholly 
new,  (more  especially  where  he  treats  of  the  way  and  manner  how 
spirits  do  appear.)  and  concludes  with  reflections  on  Dr.  Sherlock's 
notion  about  individnation." 

"This  person,  who  always  kept  pace  with  the  fanatic*  tempo 
rized  wtththe  papists  in  the  reign  of  Kin*  James  IL,  and  there 
fore  was  madeVjustfce  of  peace  for  Devonshire,  which  office  he 
kept  under  King  WilL  III.,  as  being  a  favourer  of  fanatics.  He  Is 
looked  upon  as  a  person  of  considerable  learning,  and  of  no  less 
pride  and  ambition,"  fee  Miss's  Wood's  A  then.  Oxoiu 

Bu rton,  Mr*.  Lama,  or  the  Orphan ;  a  Novel,  1797, 
2  vols.  12mo.  The  Fugitive ;  a  Novel,  2  rob.  12mo. 

Burton,  B.  Jesus  Christ  God  and  Man;  a  sera,  on 
PbiL  ii.  6,  7,  1756,  8ro.  Active  and  Passive  Righteous 
ness  of  Christ ;  three  sermons  on  Jerem.  xxiii.  6, 1763, 12mo. 


BUR 

Burton,  Charles.  Journal  of  a  Voyage  from  Lon 
don  to  MiuK'ini,  Now  IVovuloneo,  ami  buck  to  London, 
Lon.,  1805,  Svo. 

Burton,  Charles.  Lectures  on  the  World  before  tho 
Flood,  Svo;  On  the  Deluge  and  World  after  tho  Flood, 
Svo;  On  the  Millennium,  12mo,  1841,  '44,  '4ft. 

••  \\  e  have  perused  t!ie-e  UvtuivM  with  coimlderaMo  saUsfcotieu, 
.1-;  furnishing  a  practical  illustration  of  th,-  inllnito  »  U.l.-m.  pQWtQ 
and  goodness  ,,f  th.-  (Yeator,  and  of  tho  agreement  of  •eUlOS  with 
the  imperishable  record  of  revelation."—  Wtdeyan  Mrthxtist  My. 

Burton,  Charles  James.  Sermon,  Lou.,  1811),  Svo. 
A  View  of  the  Creation  of  the  World,  in  illustration  of  tho 
Mosaic  Record.  See  DR.  WILLIAM  BUCKLAND,  GKOHUIQ 
FAIHHOI.MK,  and  G  HOUGH  HUGO. 

Burton,  Edmund,  a  Follow  of  Trinity  College,  Cam 
bridge,  adopted  tho  Law  as  a  profession,  and  classical  re 
searches  as  a  recreation.  Tho  Satires  of  Perseus  trans, 
into  English  Pros,-,  \\ith  Notes,  Lon.,  .1752,  4to.  Charac 
ters  deduced  from  Classical  Remains,  1763,  Svo.  M.  Ma- 
nilii  Astronomicon,  libri  quinque,  Ac.,  1783,  Svo.  In  this 
work  Mr.  B.  takes  Dr.  Bontley  to  task. 

••When  Mr.  Hurt ( >n  avowed  his  Intention  of  Introducing  i:.-ni 
ley  for  the  purpose  of  laying  him  prostrate,  w«  c..n.-eix,-.i  Hint  thin 

new    Aristar.-ln;  1  I  he  w  it  "I'  Iti.y  le.  tin-  arnleness  "I  ll.-ir... 

the  keen  penetration  of  Alexander  OuJUUafham,  ami  th«  Nolld 
learning  of  Klchiird  Johnson.  .  .  .  Hut  when  we  ha.l  taken  th.< 
book  into  our  hands,  ibi  omnii  rffusui  Utbor."—Lon.  MvntMy  lit- 
vitw,  Ixxi.  4f»7 :  rend  thin  eliiliorate  criticism. 

Suicide;  a  Dis.M-riaiion,  1790,  4to. 

••  For  Home  yoarH  Mr.  Hurton  watt  aluo  a  valuable  correspondent 
to  tho  Gentleman's  Magazine,  under  the  anaKrammatln  idgnature 
of  Ruben  du  Mont.  lie  bad  evidently  a  cultivated  Uiito,  but  was 
Houiowhat  too  fond  of  (angularity.  Ills  Imagl nation  wan  lu.l\, 
lint  in.-..ri-r,-t;  and  liissl\l,-  .•iniin:il,-.|,  hut  liiiitnHtli-."  Nicholl'l 
l.it,r«ri/  Anecdotes,  v III.  132. 

Burton,  Edward,  D.D.,  1794-1836,  a  native  of 
Shrewsbury,  was  educated  at  Westminster  School,  whence 
he  was  removed  in  1812  to  Christ  Church,  Oxford;  took 
his  degree  of  M.A.,  1818;  after  which  ho  vi»itcd  tho  Con 
tinent,  and  recorded  his  observations  In  his  Antiquities 
and  other  curiosities  of  Rome,  2d  edit.,  Lon.,  1828,  2  vols. 

SVO.       Thi«  Work    hllH    IM-CM    eoinmeiicleil    lor    iic-cilliicy    an. I 
proofs   of  rcMoitrch.      He   was   iippoinlnl    ('unite  ..iTHI.-n 
hall,  Staffordshire;   selcc.t  proaclusr  in  tho  University  of 
Oxford,  1824;  Pul.lic    Kxiuniner,    1K26;  Regius  Professor 


of  Divinity,  1829.  H 
Considerations  on  the  Absolving 
Church.  TcHtimonicH  of  the  Ant 
Divinity  of  Christ,  Oxf.,  1826,  Svo; 

tionM,  Oxf.,  1K21»,  Hvo;  dillo  I"  tin-  D 
and  to  tho  Divinity  of  (lie,  Holy  (iln 

"  IllH  TcHtlinonli.'M  are  Aw.Mve  on  the 
which  they  refer."—  I)n.  K.  WILLIAMS 

An  Inquiry  into  the  Heresi 


1829. 


ors  to  tho 

AMI,      Il.|<li 


IN:;  I, 


•ity, 

,H    tO 


f  th 


Oxf.,  1829,  Svo:    8  sermons  preached  at  th 


toll 
pton  Lec 


ture,  1829.  The  reader  will  notice  the  valuable  introduc 
tion  in  which  Dr.  Burton  refers  to 

"The  authors  whose  work*  I  hav«  nlthor  mywdf  consul  tod,  or  a 
peruwil  of  which  in  r<icotnm«nd»d  UN  •MM  for  making  us  a«- 
quaintud  with  the  heresies  of  the  Apoxtollc  ago." 

An  appendix  of  learned  notes  odds  to  the  value  of  this 
work. 

Attempt  to  ascertain  the  Chronology  of  the  Apostles 
and  of  St.  Paul's  Epistles,  Oxf.,  1S30,  Svo.  The  author 
remarks  that  bis  Lectures  upon  the  Ecclesiastical  Hlstorj 
of  the  First  Century  might  have  been  entitled  with  equal 
propriety,  Lectures  upon  the  Acts  of  the  Apostles.  Leo- 
tures  upon  the  Ecclesiastical  History  of  the  First  Tbr* 
Centuries;  from  the  Crucifixion  to  A.  D.  313,  Oxf.,  1831- 
33,  2  vols.  Svo;  3d  edit,  0*f.,  1845,  Svo. 

"  A  truly  valuable  work.  Tho  author  is  one  of  the  most  pp. 
found  patristic  scholars  in  Europe,"—  IXNTNDM. 

See  a  Review  in  the  British  Critic,  xvll.  lift,  Greek 
Testament;  with  English  Notes,  Oxf.,  1831,  2  rols.  Sro; 
ed.,  1852.  The  text  is  that  of  Bishop  Ll 


op  Lloyd's  editions 
The  Note*  are  explanatory, 


new 

printed  at  Oxf.,  1828,  '30. 

philological,  and  critical 

"In  preparing  these  critical  notes,  Dr.  Burton  Mi»lBii1  for 
himself;  with  no  small  labour  and  attention,  tb«  copious  matarials 
which  had  bwn  collected  by  Grfesbacb  ;  and,  afteV  weighing  the 
evidence  adduced  by  him  in  fcvrmr  of  any  particular  nXttng.  Dr. 
B.  noted  down  all  the  variations  from  the  received  text,  wnkh 
swsa  to  have  a  majority  of  documents  in  their  **9*rf 
Introduction. 


Sermons  preaebed  before  the  Unirertlty  of  Oxford,  l*n., 
1832,  Svo.  History  of  the  Christian  Chureb  from  the  As- 
eension  of  Jesus  Christ  to  the  Conversion  of  Constantino, 
Lon.,  1836,  sm.  8vo ;  8tb  ed.,  1860,  See  a  lUrlew  in  British 
Critic,  xx.  209,  An  edit,  of  bis  Works,  with  a  Memoir,  has 
been  pub.  in  5  rols.  Svo,  by  Mr.  J,  U.  Parker,  Oxford.  Dr. 
Burton  was  noted  for  hi*  persevering  industry.  10 


BUR 


BUR 


tion  to  his  own  writings,  he  edited  and  superintended  the 
publication  of  a  number  of  works. 

"  He  was  an  able  man,  well  read  in  Christian  Antiquity ;  mild 
and  candid  in  his  temper." — DR.  E.  WILLIAMS. 

Burton,  Francis.  On  Benevolence  and  Philan 
thropy;  an  occasional  sermon,  1797,  8vo. 

Burton,  George.  Essay  towards  reconciling  the 
Numbers  of  Daniel  and  St.  John;  with  a  supplement, 
Norwich,  1766-68,  8vo. 

"  According  to  Mr.  Burton's  calculations,  the  conversion  of  the 
Gentiles,  and  the  Millennium,  will  commence  in  the  year  2436;  the 
battle  of  Gog  and  Magog  will  begin  in  3430,  and  the  Millennium 
terminate  in  3436."—  Orme's  Bibl.  Bib. 

Analysis  of  two  Chronological  Tables,  1787,  4to. 

Burton,  Henry,  b.  about  1579,  d.  1648,  a  Puritan 
divine,  was  a  native  of  Birstall,  Yorkshire,  and  educated 
at  St.  John's  College,  Cambridge.  He  became  Rector  of 
St.  Matthew's,  Friday  Street,  London,  about  1626.  In 
1626  he  preached  and  published  two  sermons,  entitled, 
For  God  and  the  King,  for  which  he  was  sentenced  to  the 
pillory,  to  lose  his  ears,  to  a  fine  of  £5000,  and  to  per 
petual  imprisonment.  See  BASTWICK,  JOHN;  PRYNNE, 
WILLIAM.  The  fine  and  the  imprisonment  were  remitted 
by  the  House  of  Commons.  He  recovered  his  liberty  in 
1640,  and  was  restored  to  his  living.  We  notice  a  few  of 
Burton's  publications :  Censure  of  Simony,  Lon.,  1624, 
4to.  The  Baiting  of  the  Pope's  Bull,  1627,  4to.  The 
Seven  Vials,  1627,  '28,  4to.  Babel  no  Bethel.  Truth's 
Triumph  over  Trent,  1629,  fol.  The  Law  and  the  Gospel, 
Ac.,  1631,  4to.  England's  Bondage  and  Hope  of  De 
liverance,  1641,  4to.  Narration  of  his  Life,  1643,  4to. 
Conformity's  Deformity,  1646,  4to. 

Anthony  Wood,  who  seems  to  have  considered  Low 
Churchmen  and  Dissenters  as  ferae,  naturce,  and  hardly 
worth  the  trouble  of  conversion  into  Mansueta,  rebukes 
Burton  for  his  "  pragraatiealness  and  impudence  in  de 
monstrating  by  a  letter  which  he  presented  to  the  King, 
23d  Apr.,  1625,  how  popishly  affected  were  Dr.  Neile  and 
Dr.  Laud,  his  continual  attendants." — Athen.  Oxon. 

Burton,  Henry.     Fast  Sermon,  1665,  4to. 

Burton,  Hezekiah,  d.  1681,  educated  at,  and  Fel 
low  and  Tutor  of,  Magdalen  College,  Oxford,  became  Rector 
of  St.  George's,  Southwark,  1667 ;  Rector  of  Barnes,  Sur 
rey,  1680.  He  wrote  the  Alloquium  ad  Lectorem  prefixed 
to  Cumberland's  treatise,  De  Legibus  Naturae.  Sermons, 
Lon.,  1684,  '85,  2  vols.  8vo,  posth. ;  pub.  by  Dr.  Tillotson. 

Burton,  J.  Lectures  on  Female  Education  and  Man 
ners,  Lon.,  1793,  2  vols.  12mo.  Guide  for  Youth,  1814, 12mo. 

Burton,  John.  History  of  Eriander,  Lon.,  1661,  8vo. 
Antiquitates  Capellae  D.  Joannis  Evangelistae  hodiascholae 
Regiae  Norwicensis,  1712,  8vo. 

Burton,  John,  D.D.,  1696-1771,  a  native  of  Wemb- 
worthy,  Devonshire,  was  educated  and  appointed  tutor  at 
Corpus  Christ!  College,  Oxford ;  Fellow  of  Eton,  and  Vicar 
of  Mapledurham,  Oxfordshire,  1733 ;  Rector  of  Worples- 
don,  Surrey,  1766.  Two  volumes  of  his  Occasional  Ser 
mons,  preached  before  the  University  of  Oxford,  were  pub. 
in  1764.  His  style  is  considered  pedantic,  yet  not  without 
elegance,  and  has  been  distinguished  as  the  "  Burtonian 
style."  Churchill  ridicules  its  peculiarities  : 

"  So  dull  his  thoughts,  yet  pliant  in  their  growth, 
They're  verse,  or  prose,  are  neither,  or  are  both." 

But  the  poet  disliked  our  author's  opposition  to  Wilkes. 
He  pub.  in  1744  a  vindication  of  Clarendon's  Hist,  of  the 
Rebellion,  and  in  1760  his  three  sermons  on  University 
politics.  His  Opuscula  Miscellanea  Theologica,  from  which 
The  Parish  Priest  was  trans,  by  the  Rev.  Davis  Warren 
in  1800,  appeared  in  1771,  Oxon.,  2  vols.  8vo.  Mr.  Burton 
pyb.  some  other  works.  It  was  at  his  expense  that  in 
1758  Joseph  Bingham's  unfinished  edit,  of  the  Pentalogia 
was  pub.  It  was  reprinted  by  Thomas  Burgess,  Oxon., 
1779,  2  vols.  8vo.  His  Life  was  written  in  Latin— De  vita 
etmoribus  Johannis  Burtoni,  1771— by  Dr.  Edw.  Bentham, 
his  relation,  and  canon  of  Christ  Church.  A  trans,  of  it 
will  be  found  in  the  Gent,  Mag.  for  1771.  See  Biog.  Brit. 

Burton,  John,  M.D.,  1697-1771,  an  eminent  anti 
quary,  was  a  native  of  Rippon,  Yorkshire.  He  studied 
for  some  time  at  Ley  den,  and  appears  to  have  graduated 
as  doctor  at  Rheims.  He  settled  at  York,  where  he  prac 
tised  with  great  reputation.  A  Treatise  on  the  Non-natu 
rals,  York,  1738,  8vo.  Account  of  the  life  and  writings  of 
Boerhaave,  Lon.,  1743,  8vo.  With  this  eminent  man  Bur 
ton  had  become  acquainted  whilst  residing  abroad.  Essay 
towards  the  Complete  System  of  Midwifery,  Theoretical  as 
well  as  Practical,  Lon.,  1751,  8vo.  Iter  Surriense  et  Sus- 
eexiense,  Lon.,  1752,  8vo.  Letter  to  William  Smellie,  Lon., 
1753,  8vo.  Monasticon  Eboracensi,  and  the  Ecclesiastical 
History  of  Yorkshire,  vol.  i.  York,  1758,  fol. ;  all  pub. 


"  Dr.  Burton  has  been  justly  styled  one  of  our  first  men  in  mo 
nastic  antiquities, — his  work  infinitely  surpassing  Sir  William 
Dugdale's." — HalstecTs  Letter  to  Ducarel. 

Dr.  Burton  is  supposed  to  have  been  the  original  of  Dr. 
Slop  in  Sterne's  Tristram  Shandy. 

Burton,  John  Hill,  "son  of  Lieut.  Burton,  of  the 
94th  Regiment  of  Foot,  was  educated  for  the  Scottish  Law, 
and  passed  advocate,  1831.  He  was  a  contributor  to  the 
later  volumes  and  to  the  Supplement  of  the  Penny  Cyclo 
pedia,  chiefly  on  subjects  connected  with  Scottish  Law. 
In  1842  he  assisted  Sir  John  Bowring  in  preparing  the 
collected  works  of  Jeremy  Bentham,"  11  vols.  r.  8vo. 
Introduc.  to  the  Study  of  Bentham's  Works,  Lon.,  r.  8vo. 
Manual  of  the  Law  of  Scotland,  1844-47,  3  vols.  p.  8vo, 
Ac.  Political  and  Social  Economy,  1849,  12mo.  Lives 
of  Simon,  Lord  Lovat,  and  Duncan  Forbes  :  from  Original 
Sources,  Lon.,  1847,  p.  8vo.  Life  and  Correspondence  of 
David  Hume,  2  vols.  8vo;  last  ed.,  1850. 

"  We  rejoice  to  see  the  entire  treasure  [Hume's  Letters]  produced 
in  a  manner  so  highly  creditable  to  all  concerned." — Lon.  Lit.  Gaz. 

"  These  volumes  must  ever  hold  a  high  rank  in  the  history  of 
English  philosophy." — Lon.  Athen. 

The  Law  of  Bankruptcy,  Insolvency,  and  Mercantile 
Sequestration  in  Scotland,  1845,  2  vols.  r.  8vo. 

"This  work  reflects  credit  on  the  Scottish  bar.  In  fulness  and 
lucidity  of  general  proposition,  in  vigour  and  accuracy  of  critical 
inquiry,  in  scope  of  research  and  terse  power  of  thought  and  ex 
pression,  it  stands  in  honourable  contrast  with  the  great  herd  of 
text-books." — Law  Magazine. 

Ed.  Letters  of  Eminent  Persons  addressed  to  David 
Hume  :  from  the  Papers  bequeathed  by  his  Nephew  to  the 
Roy.  Soc.  of  Edinburgh,  1849,  8vo.  Narratives  from 
Criminal  Trials  in  Scotland,  1852,  2  vols.  8vo.  The  His 
tory  of  Scotland  from  the  Revolution  to  the  Extinction  of 
the  Last  Jacobite  Insurrection,  1689-1748,  1853,  2  vols. 
8vo.  To  Mr.  Burton  we  are  also  indebted  for  some  other 
works,  and  for  the  Law  articles  in  Waterston's  Cyclopaedia 
of  Commerce. 

Burton,  Nic.  Figurae  Grammaticae  et  Rhetoricae, 
Lon.,  1702,  12mo. 

Burton,  Philip,  d.  1792.  The  Practice  of  the  Office 
of  Pleas  in  the  Court  of  Exchequer  Epitomized,  Lon., 
1770,  8vo.  The  same  subject,  with  Additions,  Ac.,  1791, 
2  vols.  8vo.  Other  legal  compilations,  1770,  '91,  and  a 
treatise  on  Annihilation,  1792,  8vo. 

Burton,  Philippiana.    A  Rhapsody,  1769,  4to. 

"  Love  and  all  its  raptures  is  the  subject  of  this  lady's  incoherent 
rant,  which  she  calls  a  Rhapsody.  Her  performance  undoubtedly 
calls  for  censure;  but  her  motives  to  printing  may  possibly  entitle 
her  to  compassion.  We  shall,  therefore,  at  present  take  no  further 
notice  of  this  Nat.  Lee  in  petticoats."— ion.  Month.  Rev.,  1769,  156. 

Burton,  Richard  Francis,  b.  1823,  son  of  Col. 
Joseph  N.  Burton,  of  Tuam,  Galway,  Ireland ;  left  Ox 
ford  in  1842,  and  proceeded  to  Bombay,  thence  to  Sindh 
under  Sir  Charles  Napier  in  1843,  and  served  for  some 
years  in  the  survey  conducted  by  Col.  Walter  Scott,  Bom 
bay  Engineers.  1.  Transactions  of  the  Bombay  Asiatic 
Society;  two  papers,  1849.  2.  Goa  and  the  Blue  Moun 
tains,  Lon.,  1850,  p.  8vo.  3.  Sindh;  or,  The  Unhappy 
Valley,  1852,  2  vols.  p.  8vo.  4.  History  of  Sindh,  8vo. 
5.  Falconry  in  the  Valley  of  the  Indus,  p.  8vo.  6.  Com 
plete  System  of  Bayonet-Exercise.  In  1853,  sent  by 
the  Royal  Geographical  Soc.  of  Great  Britain  to  explore 
Arabia.  7.  Personal  Narrative  of  a  Pilgrimage  to  El- 
Medina  and  Meccah,  Lon.,  3  vols.  8vo :  i.,  ii.,  1856;  Hi., 
1857 ;  Amer.  ed.,  "  abridged  and  condensed,"  with  Intro 
duction  by  Bayard  Taylor,  1856,  12mo,  pp.  492.  Com 
mended  by  the  Lon.  Athenaeum,  1855,  865,  (vols.  i.  and 
ii.,)  and  1856,  135,  (vol.  ii.)  See  also  394,  428. 

"We  gave  our  general  opinion  of  Mr.  Burton's  enterprise,  saga 
city,  and  information  when  the  larger  part  of  his  work  was  before 
us.  We  have  now  said  enough  to  show  that  its  completion  is  not 
less  curious  or  less  valuable." — Ubi  supra,  1856,  136. 

8.  First  Footsteps  in  East  Africa ;  or,  An  Exploration 
of  Harar,  Lon.,  1856,  8vo. 

"A  curious  record  of  a  curious  enterprise.  .  .  .  The  public  will 
find  'First  Footsteps  in  East  Africa'  very  agreeable  reading." — 
Lon.  Athen.,  1856,  895,  q.v. 

Burton,  Robert,  1576-1639-40,  a  native  of  Lindley, 
Leicestershire,  received  the  first  rudiments  of  learning  at 
the  free  school  of  Sutton  Coldfield,  Warwickshire,  and  at 
the  grammar-school  of  Nuneaton.  See  Anat.  of  Melan 
choly  ;  his  will ;  and  Athen.  Oxon.  He  was  admitted  of 
Brazennose  College,  Oxford,  1593;  elected  a  student  of 
Christ  Church,  1599;  Reader  of  Sentences,  1614;  Vicar 
of  St  Thomas,  Oxford,  1616;  presented  by  George,  Lord 
Berkeley,  to  the  rectory  of  Seagrave,  Leicestershire,  1636. 
I  He  retained  this  post  and  his  vicarage  until  his  death, 
January  25,  1639-40.  It  is  said  that  from  his  calculation 
}  of  his  nativity  he  predicted  that  he  would  die  on  or  about 
)  the  above  date : 


BUR 

«  Which  being  exact,  several  of  the  students  did  not  forbear  to ' 
whisper  among  themselves  that,  rather  than  there  should  be  a 
mistake  in  the  calculation,  he  sent  up  his  soul  to  heaven  thro'  a 
slip  about  his  neck." — Athen.  Oxon. 

We  should  mention  that  on  the  left  side  of  Burton's 
monument  the  curious  reader  may  see  the  calculation 
of  his  nativity,-  and  his  bust,  painted  to  the  life,  adds 
to  the  interest  of  this  memento  of  a  most  remarkable 
character.  He  bequeathed  many  of  his  books  to  the 
Bodleian  Library ;  and  they  form  one  of  its  most  curious 
collections.  As  the  author  of  The  Anatomy  of  Melan 
choly — what  it  is,  with  all  the  kinds,  causes,  symptoms, 
prognostics,  and  several  cures  of  it — Burton's  name  will 
descend  to  remotest  generations.  It  is  next  to  impos 
sible  that  so  profound  a  treatise  on  a  mental  disorder 
to  which  a  state  of  high  intellectual  cultivation  is  perhaps 
peculiarly  liable  can  ever  be  permanently  buried  in  the 
libraries  of  the  learned.  The  1st  edit,  was  pub.  in  1621, 
4to,  (Ferriar  gives  1617,  but  he  errs;)  and  its  popularity 
is  evinced  by  the  rapidity  with  which  editions  followed 
each  other :  1624,  '28,  '32,  '38,  '51,  '52,  '60,  '76,  1728,  '38, 
fol.  The  eulogy  of  Dr.  Johnson — "  Burton's  Anatomy  of 
Melancholy,"  he  said,  "  was  the  only  book  that  ever  took 
him  out  of  bed  two  hours  sooner  than  he  wished  to  rise" — 
excited  some  curiosity  to  see  so  attractive  a  work,  and  an 
edit,  was  pub.  in  1800,  fol.,  and  another  in  1806,  2  vols. 
8vo;  also  in  1827,  2  vols.  8vo;  1836,  8vo;  1837,  2  vols 
8vo;  1838,  8vo;  1845,  8vo;  1849,  8vo.  The  author— £ 
man  of  great  erudition  and  wit — was  subject  to  hypo 
chondria,  under  which  he  suffered  acutely: 

"  He  composed  this  book  with  a  view  of  relieving  his  own  me 
lancholy,  but  increased  it  to  such  a  degree,  that  nothing  could 
make  him  laugh,  but  going  to  the  bridge  foot,  and  hearing  the 
ribaldry  of  the  bargemen,  which  rarely  failed  to  throw  him  into  a 
violent  fit  of  laughter.  Before  he  was  overcome  with  this  horrif 
disorder,  he,  in  the  intervals  of  his  vapours,  was  esteemed  one  of 
the  most  facetious  companions  in  the  university." — GRANGER. 

"  He  was  an  exact  mathematician,  a  curious  calculator  of  nativi 
ties,  a  general  read  scholar,  a  thoro'  pac'd  philologist,  and  one  tha 
understood  the  surveying  of  lands  well.  As  he  was  by  many  ac 
counted  a  severe  student,  a  devourer  of  authors,  a  melancholy  am 
humorous  person ;  so  by  others,  who  knew  him  well,  a  person  ol 
great  honesty,  plain  dealing  and  charity.  I  have  heard  some  ol 
the  ancients  of  Ch.  Ch.  often  say  that  his  company  was  very  merry 
facete  and  juvenile,  and  no  man  in  his  time  did  surpass  him  for  his 
ready  and  dextrous  interlarding  his  common  discourses  among 
them  with  verses  from  poets,  or  sentences  from  classical  authors 
Which  being  then  all  the  fashion  in  the  university  made  his  com 
pany  more  acceptable." — Athen.  Oxon. 

Charles  Lamb  mentions  some  "  curious  fragments  from 
a  commonplace  book  which  belonged  to  Robert  Burton 
the  famous  author  of  The  Anatomy  of  Melancholy,"  bu 
we  know  of  no  publication  save  the  Anatomy.     Dibdin 
supposes  that  DR.  TIMOTHY  BRIGHT'S  (q.  v.)  Treatise  ol 
Melancholic,  1586,  was  the  prototype  of  Burton's  work 
and  it  has  been  also  insinuated  that  Boaystuau's  Theatrum 
Mundi  gave  him  some  useful  hints.     These  surmises  mai 
or  may  not  be  true ;  but  of  fathering  books  by  means  oi 
supposed  resemblances,  there  is  no  end.     Whether  Burton 
helped  himself  to  his  predecessors'  labours  or  not,  it  i 
certain  that  he  himself  has  been  most  unmercifully  pil 
laged.     It  is  very  true  that  "from  his  storehouse  of  learn 
ing,  interspersed  with  quaint  observations  and  witty  illus 
trations,  many  modern  writers  have  drawn  amply,  without 
acknowledgment,  particularly  Sterne,  who  has  copied  the 
best  of  his  pathetic  as  well  as  humorous  passages."  '  See 
Ferriar's  Illustrations  of  Sterne,  Lon.,  1812,  2  vols.  8vo. 
Where  the  temptation  is  so  great,  we  need  not  marvel  at 
the  theft.     Lord  Byron  declares 

"Burton's  'Anatomy  of  Melancholy'  is  the  most  amusing  and 
instructive  medley  of  quotations  and  classical  anecdotes  I  ever 
perused. 

"  If  the  reader  has  patience  to  go  through  his  volumes,  he  will 
be  more  improved  for  literary  conversation  than  by  the  perusal 
of  any  twenty  other  works  with  which  I  am  acquainted." 

To  Mr.  Tegg's  beautiful  edit.,  Lon.,  1845,  8vo,  are  pre 
fixed  some  commendatory  notices  which  we  present  to  the 
reader,  not  without  hopes  of  inducing  him  to  procure  the 
work,  if  he  happen  to  be  without  it. 

"  The  Anatomy  of  Melancholy,  wherein  the  author  hath  piled 
up  variety  of  much  excellent  learning.  Scarce  any  book  of  philo 
logy  in  our  land  hath,  in  so  short  a  time,  passed  so  many  editions." 
Fuller's  Worthies,  fol.  16. 

"  'Tis  a  book  so  full  of  variety  of  reading,  that  gentlemen  who 
have  lost  their  time,  and  are  put  to  a  push  for  invention,  may  fur 
nish  themselves  with  matter  for  common  or  scholastical  discourse 
and  writing." — Wood's  Athen.  Oxon.  vol.  i.  p.  628.  2d  edit. 

"  If  you  never  saw  Burton  upon  Melancholy,  printed  1676,  pray 
look  into  it,  and  read  the  ninth  page  of  his  Preface,  '  Democritus  to 
the  Reader.'  There  is  something  there  which  touches  the  point 
we  are  upon ;  but  I  mention  the  author  to  you,  as  the  pleasantest, 
the  most  learned,  and  the  most  full  of  sterling  sense.  The  wits 
of  Queen  Anne's  reign,  and  the  beginning  of  George  the  First, 


BUR 

were  not  a  little  beholden  to  him."— Archbishop  Herring 't  Letters, 
12mo,  1777,  p.  149. 

" '  Burton's  Anatomy  of  Melancholy  is  a  valuable  book,'  said  Dr. 
Johnson.  '  It  is  perhaps  overloaded  with  quotation.  But  there 
is  great  spirit  and  great  power  in  what  Burton  says  when  he  writes 
from  his  own  mind.'  "—Bo.-weirs  Life  of  Johnson,  vol.  ii.  p.  325. 

"It  will  be  no  detraction  from  the  power  of  Milton's  original 
genius  and  invention,  to  remark,  that  he  seems  to  have  borrowed 
the  subject  of  L'AUegro  and  II  Penseroso,  together  with  some  par 
ticular  thoughts,  expressions,  and  rhymes,  more  especially  the 
idea  of  a  contrast  between  these  two  dispositions,  from  a  forgotten 
poem  prefixed  to  the  first  edition  of  Burton's  Anatomy  of  Melan 
choly,  entitled,  'The  Author's  Abstract  of  Melancholy;  or,  A  Dia 
logue  between  Pleasure  and  Pain.'  Here  pain  is  melancholy.  It 
was  written,  as  I  conjecture,  about  the  year  1600.  1  will  make  no 
apology  for  abstracting  and  citing  as  much  of  this  poem  as  will  be 
sufficient  to  prove,  to  a  discerning  reader,  how  far  it  had  taken 
possession  of  Milton's  mind.  The  measure  will  appear  to  be  the 
same ;  and  that  our  author  was  at  least  an  attentive  reader  of 
Burton's  book,  may  be  already  concluded  from  the  traces  of  re 
semblance  which  I  have  incidentally  noticed  in  passing  through 
the  V Allegro  and  11  Penseroso.  ...  As  to  the  very  elaborate  work 
to  which  these  visionary  verses  are  no  unsuitable  introduction, 
the  writer's  variety  of  learning,  his  quotations  from  scarce  and 
curious  books,  his  pedantry  sparkling  with  rude  wit  and  shapeless 
elegance,  miscellaneous  matter,  intermixture  of  agreeable  tales 
and  illustrations,  and,  perhaps,  above  all,  the  singularities  of  his 
feelings,  clothed  in  an  uncommon  quaintness  of  style,  have  con 
tributed  to  render  it,  even  to  modern  readers,  a  valuable  repository 
of  amusement  and  information." — Warton's  Milton,  2d  edit.,  p.  94. 
"  The  Anatomy  of  Melancholy  is  a  book  which  has  been  univer 
sally  read  and  admired.  This  work  is.  for  the  most  part,  what  the 
author  himself  styles  it,  'a  cento;'  but  it  is  a  very  ingenious  one. 
His  quotations,  which  abound  in  every  page,  are  pertinent;  but 
if  he  had  made  more  use  of  his  invention,  and  less  of  his  common 
place  book,  his  work  would  perhaps  have  been  more  valuable  than 
it  is.  He  is  generally  free  from  the  affected  language  and  ridicu 
lous  metaphors  which  disgrace  most  of  the  books  of  his  time." — 
Granger's  Biographical  History. 

"  Burton's  Anatomy  of  Melancholy,  a  book  once  the  favourite 
of  the  learned  and  the  witty,  and  a  source  of  surreptitious  learn 
ing,  though  written  on  a  regular  plan,  consists  chiefly  of  quota 
tions  :  the  author  has  honestly  termed  it  a  cento.  He  collects,  un 
der  every  division,  the  opinions  of  a  multitude  of  writers,  without 
regard  to  chronological  order,  and  has  too  often  the  modesty  to 
decline  the  interposition  of  his  own  sentiments.  Indeed,  the  bulk 
of  his  materials  generally  overwhelms  him.  In  the  course  of  his 
folio  he  has  contrived  to  treat  a  great  variety  of  topics,  that  seem 
very  loosely  connected  with  the  general  subject;  and,  like  Bayle, 
when  he  starts  a  favourite  train  of  quotations,  he  does  not  scruple 
to  let  the  digression  outrun  the  principal  question.  Thus,  from 
the  doctrines  of  religion  to  military  discipline,  from  inland  navi 
gation  to  the  morality  of  dancing-schools,  every  thing  is  discussed 
and  determined." — Ffrriar's  llluftrations  of  Sterne,  p.  58. 

"  The  archness  which  Burton  displays  occasionally,  and  his  in 
dulgence  of  playful  digressions  from  the  most  serious  discussions, 
often  give  his  style  an  air  of  familiar  conversation,  notwithstand 
ing  the  laborious  collections  which  supply  his  text.  He  was  capa 
ble  of  writing  excellent  poetry,  but  he  seems  to  have  cultivated 
this  talent  too  little.  The  English  verses  prefixed  to  his  book, 
which  possess  beautiful  imagery,  and  great  sweetness  of  versifica 
tion,  have  been  frequently  published.  His  Latin  elegiac  verses 
addressed  to  his  book,  show  a  very  agreeable  turn  for  raillery." — 
Ibid.  p.  58. 

"When  the  force  of  the  subject  opens  his  own  vein  of  prose,  we 
discover  valuable  sense  and  brilliant  expression.  Such  is  his  ac 
count  of  the  first  feelings  of  melancholy  persons,  written,  proba 
bly,  from  his  own  experience." — Ibid,  p.  60. 

"During  a  pedantic  age,  like  that  in  which  Burton's  production 
appeared,  it  must  have  been  eminently  serviceable  to  writers  of 
many  descriptions.  Hence  the  unlearned  might  furnish  themselves 
with  appropriate  scraps  of  Greek  and  Latin,  whilst  men  of  letters 
would  find  their  enquiries  shortened,  by  knowing  where  they  might 
look  for  what  both  ancients  and  moderns  had  advanced  on  the  sub 
ject  of  human  passions.  I  confess  my  inability  to  point  out  any 
other  English  author  who  has  so  largely  dealt  in  apt  and  original 
quotation."— Manuscript  Note  of  the  late  George  Steevens,  Esq.,  in 
his  copy  of  The  Anatomy  of  Melancholy. 

See  the  amusing  synopsis  of  the  BIBLIOMANIA  appended 
to  Dibdin's  invaluable  work  by  this  title.  The  vivacious 
BIBLIOGRAPHER  here  avowedly  takes  a  leaf  from  the  erudite 
hypochondriac. 

Burton,  Robert,  is  a  name  which  occurs  in  the  title- 
page  of  a  number  of  very  popular  historical  and  miscella 
neous  compilations,  pub.  (and  supposed  to  have  been  writ 
ten)  by  Nathaniel  Crouch,  from  1681-1736.  These  are 
such  as  Historical  Rarities  in  London  and  Westminster, 
1681 ;  Wonderful  Curiosities,  Rarities,  and  Wonders  in 
England,  Scotland,  and  Ireland,  1682 ;  History  of  Scotland, 
1685;  Curiosities  of  England,  1691;  Unparalleled  Varieties, 
1699;  General  History  of  Earthquakes,  1736,  <fec.  The 
list,  which  is  a  long  one,  will  be  found  in  Chalmers's  Biog. 
Diet. ;  Watt's  Bibl.  Brit. ;  Lowndes's  Bibl.  Manual.  The 
collection  includes  History,  Travels,  Fiction,  Nat.  History, 
Customs,  Biography,  &c.  Some  were  reprinted  in  6  vols. 
4to,  1810,  '13.  The  original  edits,  have  occasionally  brought 
high  prices  as  curiosities  : 

The  following  letter  from  Dr.  Johnson  to  "Mr.  Dilly  in 
the  Poultry,"  is  interesting  in  this  connection : 

"January  6,  1784. 

"  SIR,— There  is  in  the  world  a  set  of  books  which  used  to  be  sold 

307 


BUR 


BUR 


by  the  booksellers  on  the  bridge,  and  which  I  must  entreat  you  to  ' 
procure  me.  They  are  called  BURTON'S  Books:  the  title  of  one  is 
'  Admirable  Curiosities,  Rarities,  and  Wonders  in  England.'  I  be 
lieve  there  are  about  five  or  six  of  them  [perhaps  about  40!] 
they  seem  very  proper  to  allure  backward  readers ;  be  so  kind  as 
to  get  them  for  me,  and  send  me  them  with  the  best  printed  edition 
of  '  Baxter's  Call  to  the  Unconverted.'  I  am,  Ac., 

"  SAM.  JOHNSON." 

Dunton  includes  Crouch  in  his  notices : 
"  R.  B.,  (alias  Nat.  Crouch,)  is  become  a  celebrated  Author.  I 
think  I  have  given  you  the  very  soul  of  his  Character  when  I  have 
told  you  that  his  talent  lies  at  Collection.  He  has  melted  down 
the  best  of  our  English  Histories  into  Twelve-penny  Books  which 
are  Oiled  with  wonders,  rarities,  and  curiosities ;  for  you  must  know 
his  Title-pages  are  a  little  swelling.  However,  Nat.  Crouch  is  a  very 
ingenious  person,  and  can  talk  fine  things  upon  any  subject.  In 
a  word,  Nat.  Crouch  is  a  Phoenix  Author ;  I  mean  the  only  man 
that  gets  an  estate  by  writing  of  Books." — Lift  and  Errors. 

Dunton  speaks  in  high  terms  of  Nat's  brother,  Samuel 
Crouch : 

"  He  is  just  and  punctual  in  all  his  dealings;  never  speaks  ill  of 
any  man; — has  a  swinging  soul  of  his  own; — would  part  with  all 
he  has  to  serve  a  friend; — and  that's  enough  for  one  BOOKSELLER!" 
— Ibid. 

We  commend  Mr.  Crouch's  character  to  the  study  of  our 
amiable  and  much-abused  friends,  the  Bibliopoles  of  the 
present  day. 

Burton,  Samuel.     Sermon,  1620,  4to. 

Burton,  Thomas.     Thanksgiving  serm.,  1713,  8vo. 

Burton,  Thomas,  member  of  the  Parliaments  of 

Oliver  and  Richard  Cromwell :  his  Diary  from  1656  to  1659, 

now  first  pub.  from  the  original  autograph  MS. ;  edited 

and  illustrated  by  J.  T.  Rutt,  Lon.,  1828, 4  vols.  8vo.     These 

curious  MSS.  were  discovered  among  the  papers  of  Henry 

Hyde,  Earl  of  Clarendon,  "and  own  their  publication  to 

the  same  assiduous  bibliographer  who  brought  to  light  the 

Memoirs  of  Eveleyn  and  Pepys." 

"  This  Work  serves  to  fill  up  the  chasm  so  long  existing  in  our 
Parliamentary  History.  The  recovery  of  the  debates  of  the  Crom 
well  Parliaments,  taken  on  the  spot  by  one  of  the  very  members, 
is  little  short  of  a  miracle." — Neiv  Monthly  Mag. 

"The  great  interest  of  the  book  is  Cromwell  himself." — Lon. 
Gent.  Mag. 

"  These  volumes  overflow  with  information  respecting  the  prin 
ciples  and  proceedings  of  the  Legislature  during  a  most  important 
period  of  English  History.  Every  library  which  pretends  to  con 
tain  an  historical  collection,  must  possess  itself  of  Burton's  Diary : 
it  is  as  indispensable  as  Burnet  or  Clarendon." — Lon.  Atlas. 

It  is  supposed  that  Burton's  memoranda  were  taken  for 
the  information  of  Lord  Clarendon,  (in  whose  writing  the 
MS.  is,)  then  residing  abroad  with  King  Charles. 

Burton,W.  Exposition  of  the  Lord's  Prayer,Lon.,1594, 
16mo.   Seven  Dialogues,  both  pithie  and  profi table,1606,4to. 
Burton,  W.  H.     Law  of  Real  Property;  6th  edit, 
with  Notes,  by  E.  P.  Cooper,  Lon.,  8vo  ;  7th  ed.,  1850. 

"  A  most  valuable  publication.  It  is  learned,  precise,  and  accu 
rate,  and  '  there  is  not  to  be  found  in  it  a  superfluous  word.' " 
It  must  be  a  philological  curiosity,  truly ! 
Burton,  William,  1575-1681,  an  eminent  antiquary, 
was  elder  brother  to  the  celebrated  author  of  The  Anatomy 
of  Melancholy,  (q.  v.)  He  was  entered  of  Brasenose  Col 
lege,  Oxford,  1591,  admitted  of  the  Inner  Temple,  1593. 
He  distinguished  himself  by  A  Description  of  Leicester 
shire,  concerning  Matters  of  Antiquity,  History,  Armours, 
and  Genealogy,  Lon.,  1622,  fol.  The  author  made  many 
improvements  and  additions  in  MS.  It  is  now  entirely  su 
perseded  by  Nichols's  History  of  Leicestershire. 

"  His  natural  genius  leading  him  to  the  studies  of  Heraldry, 
Genealogies,  and  Antiquities,  he  became  excellent  in  those  obscure 
and  intricate  matters;  and,  look  upon  him  as  a  gentleman,  was 
accounted  by  all  that  knew  him  to  be  the  best  of  his  time  for  those 
studies,  as  may  appear  by  his  Description  of  Leicestershire." — 
Athen.  Oxon. 

"  The  reputation  of  Burton's  book  arises  from  its  being  -written 
early,  and  preceded  only  by  Lambarde's  Kent,  1576,  Carew's  Corn 
wall,  1602,  and  Norden's  Survey;  and  it  is  in  comparison  only  of 
these,  and  not  of  Dugdale's  more  copious  work,  that  we  are  to  un 
derstand  the  praises  so  freely  bestowed  on  it."— GOUOH. 

Burton  also  drew  up  the  Corollary  of  Leland's  Life,  pre 
fixed  to  the  Collectanea. 

Burton,  William,  d.  1667,  an  antiquary,  was  entered 
of  Queen's  College,  Oxford,  in  1625.  He  was  master  of 
the  free  Grammar  School  at  Kingston-upon-Thames  until 
1655.  Laudatio  Funeb/is  in  Obitum  D.  Thomse,  Atheni. 
Oxon.,  1633,  4to.  Annotations  on  the  First  Epistle  of 
Clement  the  Apostle  to  the  Corinthians,  1647,  4to  Greecse 
Linguae  Historica,  1657,  8vo.  Catalogue  of  the  Religious 
Houses  in  England,  with  their  valuations,  at  the  time  of 
the  dissolution  of  the  Monasteries :  see  Speed's  Chron.  at 
the  end  of  Henry  VIII.  A  Commentary  on  Antoninus's 
Itinerary,  1658,  fol.  This  work  caused  Bishop  Kennett  to 
style  Burton  the  best  topographer  since  Camden.  Our 
author  also  trans.  The  Beloved  City,  from  the  Latin  of 
Alstedius. 
Burton,  William,  minister  of  the  Cathedral  Church 


in  Norwich.  Catechistne,  Lon.,  1591, 8vo.  Seven  sermons, 
1592,  8vo.  A  Caveat  for  Sureties ;  two  sermons  on  Prov. 
vi.  1-5,  1593,  8vo.  Sermons,  1590,  '95. 

Burton,  William,  a  bookseller  in  London.  Super 
stition,  Fanaticism,  and  Faction;  a  Poem,  1781,  4to.  Re 
searches  into  the  Phraseology,  Manners,  History,  and  Re 
ligion  of  the  ancient  Eastern  Nations,  as  illustrative  of  the 
Sacred  Scriptures,  <fcc.,  Lon.,  1805,  2  vols.  8vo. 

"  Mostly  a  compilation  which  contains  materials  of  various  value. 
There  are  a  number  of  good  criticisms,  and  some  of  a  trifling  na 
ture.  The  introduction  contains  remarks  on  the  Septua<rint,  the 
Samaritan  Pentateuch,  and  the  Talmud." — Orme's  BM.  Brit. 

Burton,  William,  M.D.,  Windsor.  On  Viper-Catchers ; 
Phil.  Trans.,  1736.  Internal  Cancers;  ib.,  1742. 

Burton,  William  Evans,  b.  1804,  at  London,  son 
of  the  following,  a  distinguished  comedian,  made  his  first 
appearance  in  New  York  in  a  complimentary  benefit  given 
to  Samuel  Woodworth,  the  poet  1.  Yankee  among  the 
Mermaids,  Phila.,  12mo.  2.  Cyclopedia  of  Wit  and  Hu 
mor;  comprising  a  Unique  Collection  of  Complete  Articles 
and  Specimens  of  Written  Humor  from  Celebrated  Hu 
morists  of  America,  England,  Ireland,  and  Scotland, 
illustrated,  N.Y.,  1858,  2  vols.  8vo.  See  South.  Lit.  Mes 
senger,  July,  1858. 

"  The  aim  of  this  work  is  to  furnish  all  who  would  seek  in  the 
brilliant  fancies  of  the  humorist  a  relaxation  from  the  cares  of 
business  or  a  resource  to  enliven  hours  of  dulness,  or  who  would 
peruse  with  an  appreciating  eye  the  writings  of  the  most  gifted 
humorous  authors  who  have  enlivened  the  English  language  by 
their  wit  and  genius ;  to  furnish  to  all,  in  short,  who  love  a  genial 
and  lively  book  such  a  selection  as  shall  satisfy  the  mirth-craving 
nature." 

Edited  Cambridge  Quarterly  Review,  England ;  Re 
flector,  Eng. ;  Burton's  Gentleman's  Magazine,  Phila., 
7  vols. ;  Literary  Souvenir,  an  Annual,  1838,  '40.  Con- 
trib.  to  London  old  Monthly  Mag.,  Lon.  Athen,  N.Y. 
Knickerbocker,  <fec. 

Burton,  William  George,  b.  1774,  at  London. 
Biblical  Researches.  A  work  of  great  erudition. 

Burton,  W.  W.  State  of  Religion  and  Education  in 
New  South  Wales,  Lon.,  8vo. 

Bury,  Arthur,  an  English  divine,  was  ejected  from 
Oxford  in  consequence  of  his  work,  The  Naked  Gospel, 
Oxf.,  1691,  fol.  The  University  ordered  this  Socinian 
treatise  to  be  burned.  He  pub.  some  sermons,  1660,  '62, 
'82,  '92. 

Bury,  Arthur.  Agricult  Con.  to  Phil.  Trans.,  170S  ; 
on  manuring  land  with  Sea  Sand. 

Bury,  Lady  Charlotte,  formerly  Lady  Charlotte 
Campbell,  "  the  beauty  of  the  Argyle  family,"  was  an 
early  patroness  of  the  youthful  genius  of  Sir  Walter 
Scott  She  was  "  always  distinguished  by  her  passion  for 
elegant  letters,"  and  was  accustomed  "  in  pride  of  rank, 
in  beauty's  bloom,  to  do  the  honours  of  Scotland"  to  the 
literary  celebrities  of  the  day.  It  was  at  one  of  her  par 
ties  that  Scott  became  personally  acquainted  with  Monk 
Lewis.  He  writes  to  George  Ellis,  2d  March,  1802  : 

"  I  am  glad  you  have  seen  the  Marquess  of  Lorn,  whom  I  have 
met  frequently  at  the  house  of  his  charming  sister,  Lady  Charlotte 
Campbell;  whom,  I  am  sure,  if  you  are  acquainted  with  her,  you 
must  admire  as  much  as  I  do." 

Lady  Charlotte  introduced  him  to  Lady  Anne  Hamilton, 
and  the  poet  had  an  opportunity  of  confirming  the  good 
impression  made  by  the  perusal  of  Glenfinlas,  and  The 
Eve  of  St.  John.  Lady  Charlotte  Bury,  left  a  widow,  was 
appointed  to  a  place  in  the  household  of  the  Princess  of 
Wales,  afterwards  Queen  Charlotte.  When  the  Diary  il 
lustrative  of  the  Times  of  George  IV.  appeared,  (4  vols. 
8vo,)  it  was  thought  to  bear  evidence  of  a  familiarity  with 
the  scenes  depicted  which  could  only  be  attributed  to  Lady 
Charlotte.  It  was  reviewed  with  much  severity,  and 
charged  to  her  Ladyship  by  Lord  Brougham.  We  are  not 
aware  that  the  charge  has  ever  been  denied.  The  Quar 
terly  Review  joined  in  the  condemnation.  The  book  sold 
rapidly  ;  several  editions  were  disposed  of  in  a  few  weeks ; 
for  there  is  a  natural  desire  to  know  that  which  should  not 
be  told,  especially  if  the  actors  be  conspicuous  for  rank  or 
celebrity.  Lady  Charlotte  has  published,  also,  a  number 
of  novels  of  the  "Minerva"  school,  some  of  which  have 
had  a  large  circulation.  Among  them  are  Alia  Giornata; 
or  To  The  Day,  3  vols.  p.  8vo.  The  Devoted,  3  vols.  p. 
8vo.  The  Disinterested  and  the  Ensnared,  3  vols.  p.  8vo. 
Family  Records;  or  The  Two  Sisters,  3  vols.  p.  Svo. 
Flirtation,  3  vols.  p.  Svo.  Love,  3  vols.  p.  Svo.  Separa 
tion,  3  vols.  p.  Svo. 

Bury,  Mrs.  Elizabeth,  d.  1720,  aged  76,  a  native 
of  Linton,  Cambridgeshire,  England,  was  noted  for  her 
knowledge  of  Hebrew,  and  wrote  some  critical  disserta 
tions  upon  the  idioms  of  that  language,  left  in  MS.  at  her 


BUR 


BUS 


death.     Her  husband  pub.  her  Life  and  Diary,  and  Dr. 
Watts  wrote  an  elegy  to  her  memory. 

Bury,  Edward.  A  Guide  to  Glory,  Lon.,  1675,  8vo. 
The  Deadly  Danger  of  Drunkenness,  1671,  8vo.  The 
Husbandman's  Companion,  1677,  8vo :  "  100  directions 
suited  to  men  of  that  employment." 

Bury,  James.     Advice  to  the  Commons,  1685,  4to. 

Bury,  John.     Sermon,  1631,  4to. 

Bury,  Richard  de.     See  RICHARD  DE  BURY. 

Bury,  Samuel*     Funeral  Sermon,  1707,  8vo. 

Bury,  Talb.  Remains  of  Ecclesiastical  Woodwork, 
Lon.,  1847,  fol.  Rudimentary  Styles  of  Architecture, 
1849,  12mo. 

Busby,  C.  A.  Architect.  Designs  for  Villages,  &c., 
Lon.,  1808,  4to. 

Busby,  Richard,  D.D.,  1606-1695,  the  most  cele 
brated  pedagogue  that  England  has  ever  seen,  was  a  king's 
scholar  at  Westminster,  and  elected  a  student  of  Christ 
Church,  Oxford,  where  he  took  the  degree  of  B.A.,  1628; 
M.A.,  1631;  D.D.,  1660;  and  Prebendary  of  Westminster 
the  same  year.  About  1640  he  was  appointed  Head 
Master  of  Westminster  School,  where  he  flourished — save 
the  time  of  Bagshaw's  short  triumph — for  55  years.  See 
BAGSHAW,  EDWARD.  Dr.  Busby  was  certainly  successful 
in  his  profession. 

"  He  bred  up  the  greatest  number  of  learned  scholars  that  ever 
adorned  any  age  or  nation." 

It  is  said  that  when  the  king  entered  his  school-room, 
Busby  would  not  remove  his  hat,  not  being  willing  that 
his  boys  should  think  that  their  master  had  any  superior, 
and  considering  that  he  was  as  much  a  sovereign  in  his 
school  as  his  majesty  was  in  the  kingdom.  His  liberal  use 
of  the  birch,  as  a  stimulus  to  latent  genius,  has  become 
proverbial.  This  was  one  of  the  charges  brought  against 
the  doctor  by  Bagshaw,  also  a  teacher  in  the  school.  The 
whipping  master  was  shocked  at  the  loose  discipline  of  his 
more  gentle  associate.  Bagshaw  says, 

"  Mr.  Busby  hath  oft  complained  to  me.  and  seemed  to  take  it  ill, 
that  I  did  not  use  the  rod  enough.  ...  I  would  wish  there  were  some 
order  taken  to  limit  and  restrain  the  exorbitance  of  punishment; 
that  poor  little  boys  may  not  receive  thirty  or  forty,  nay,  some 
times  sixty,  lashes  at  a  time  for  small  and  inconsiderable  faults." 

But  Busby  by  no  means  gave  up  the  point.  He  de 
clared  that  the  rod  was  his  sieve,  and  that  whoever  could 
not  pass  through  that,  was  no  boy  for  him.  Not  desiring 
his  opponents  to  rest  satisfied  with  his  theory,  he  pointed 
to  the  Bench  of  Bishops,  where  sat  sixteen  "  grave  and 
reverend"  prelates,  formerly  his  pupils.  How  could  loyal 
adherents  of  Church  and  State  withstand  this  argument? 
If  No  Bishop  no  Church,  and  No  Bishop  no  King,  and  No 
Birch  no  Bishop,  let  flagellation  reign  !  When  South — 
afterwards  so  celebrated  a  divine — came  to  Busby,  he  was 
as  heavy,  untractable,  and  stubborn  a  chiel  as  ever  tried 
the  patience  of  a  Dominie.  But  the  master  of  Westmin 
ster  gauged  his  mind.  He  discovered — far  in  the  depths 
indeed — genius  of  no  common  order.  Busby  determined 
to  bring  it  to  light. 

"  I  see,"  said  he,  "great  talents  in  that  sulky  boy,  and  I  shall 
endeavour  to  bring  them  out." 

South  was  now  put  through  a  course  of  exercises  of  the 
most  animated  and  vigorous  character.  The  process  was 
a  tedious  one,  a  painful  one — but  it  succeeded.  Busby, 
triumphant,  laid  by  the  rod  for  the  benefit  of  the  next -un 
developed  genius,  and  South  ascended  the  pulpit  stairs, 
perhaps  the  first  preacher  in  England.  That  he,  too,  was 
not,  with  the  sixteen  other  scholars  of  Busby,  a  bishop, 
was  his  own  fault.  Doubtless  Dr.  South  and  his  former 
preceptor  often  referred  to  these  touching  scenes,  when  in 
after  days  the  old  schoolmaster  took  his  seat,  an  honoured 
guest  at  the  celebrated  churchman's  table.  Busby  was 
not  only  a  profound  classical  scholar,  but  his  powers  of 
oratory,  and  even  of  acting,  were  most  remarkable.  Had 
he  adopted  the  stage  as  a  profession,  he  would  probably 
have  been  as  distinguished  as  Betterton  or  Garrick.  He 
pub.  some  grammatical  works,  in  the  preparation  of  which 
he  probably  permitted  his  ushers  to  aid  him.  Such  is 
Wood's  conjecture. 

A  Short  Institution  of  Grammar,  1647,  8vo.  Juvenalis 
et  Persii  Satirse,  1656.  An  English  Introduction  to  Latin, 
1659.  Martialis  Epigrammata  selecta,  1661.  Graecae 
Grammaticse  Rudimenta,  1663.  Nomenclatura  Brevis 
Reformata,  1667.  Rudimentum  Grammaticae  Graeco-La- 
tinae  Metricum,  1689,  8vo;  and  two  or  three  other  treatises. 

Busby,  Thomas,  Mus.  Doc.  General  History  of 
Music,  1819,  2  vols.  8vo.  This  is  an  abridgt.  of  the  His 
tories  of  BURNEY  and  HAWKINS,  (q.  v.,)  with  additions  and 
essays  on  the  lives  of  celebrated  musicians.  Musical  Bio 
graphy,  or  Memoirs  of  the  Lives  and  Writings  of  the 


most  eminent  Musical  Composers  and  Writers  of  the  last 
centuries,  including  those  now  living,  2  vols.  8vo. 

"  In  the  execution  of  this  work,  it  has  been  the  intention  of  the 
author  to  supply  the  lovers  and  professors  of  music  with  such 
anecdotes  of  the  lives,  and  such  observations  ou  the  writings, 
printed  and  manuscript,  of  eminent  masters,  as  may  not  only 
afford  information  and  amusement,  but  may  also  serve  as  a  guide 
in  purchasing  their  works." 

Concert  Room  and  Orchestra  Anecdotes,  1825,  3  vols. 
12mo.  De  Lolme  proved  to  be  Junius,  1816,  8vo.  Dic 
tionary  of  Musical  Terms,  12mo.  Grammar  of  Music, 
1818,  12mo.  A  New  and  Complete  Musical  Dictionary, 
1801,  8vo.  A  Musical  Manual,  or  Technical  Directory, 
1828.  Other  works. 

Busch,  Peter.  Horticult.  Con.  to  Phil.  Mag.,  vol.  i. 
169  ;  method  of  destroying  Earth  Worms,  and  other  Insects. 

Busfield,  J.  A.,  D.D.,  1775-1849,  of  Clare  Hall, 
Cambridge,  Rector  of  St.  Michael's,  Wood  St.,  London, 
and  Lecturer  of  St.  Mary-le-bone.  The  Christian's  Guide, 
1800,  8vo.  Fast  Sermon,  1810,  8vo.  Sermons  on  the 
Duties  of  the  Christian  Religion ;  the  Lord's  Prayer,  and 
the  Great  Mystery,  1826,  3  vols.  8vo.  His  sermons  have 
gone  through  six  edits. 

'•  They  are  among  the  best  in  the  language;  written  in  a  strain 
of  great  eloquence,  without  affectation ;  expanding  the  subjects  in 
a  perspicuous  and  practical  manner." 

Bush,  Edward.  Sermon  at  St.  Paul's  Crosse,  Lon., 
1571,  8vo. 

Bush,  Edward  Arthur.    Visitation  Serm.,  1812,  8vo. 

Bush,  Mrs.  Forbes.  Memoirs  of  the  Queens  of 
France,  Lon.,  2  vols.  Svo;  2d  ed.,  1848.  This  work  should 
have  a  place  on  the  Library  shelf  by  Miss  Strickland's 
Lives  of  the  Queens  of  England. 

"  This  charming  work  comprises  a  separate  Memoir  of  every 
Queen  of  France,  from  the  earliest  of  her  annals  to  the  present 
time.  It  cannot  fail  of  being  a  desirable  acquisition  to  every 
library  in  the  kingdom." — Lon,  Sun. 

Bush,  Francis,  Surgeon.  Con.  to  Med.  Chir.  Trans., 
1811 ;  a  knife  lodged  in  the  muscles. 

Bush,  George,  b.1796,  Professor  of  Hebrew  and  Orien 
tal  Literature  in  the  city  of  New  York,  has  gained  consi 
derable  distinction  by  profound  learning,  pulpit  eloquence, 
and  peculiarities  of  opinion.  He  was  educated  at  Dart 
mouth  College,  and  at  the  Princeton  Theological  Seminary, 
officiated  for  some  years  as  a  Presbyterian  minister,  ac 
cepted  his  professorship  in  1831.  In  1845  he  avowed  his 
reception  of  the  doctrines  of  Swedenborg,  and  he  has  since 
zealously  laboured  in  their  defence.  An  interesting  sketch 
of  Professor  Bush  and  his  opinions  will  be  found  in  Gris- 
wold's  Prose  Writers  of  America.  His  first  work  was  the 
Life  of  Mohammed,  pub.  1832,  (Harper's  Family  Library, 
vol.  10th.)  In  1836  he  pub.  a  Treatise  on  the  Millennium, 
in  which  views  contrary  to  those  generally  entertained 
were  set  forth.  The  Hebrew  Grammar  was  pub.  in  1835; 
2d  edit.,  1838.  In  1840  he  commenced  the  publication  of 
his  Commentaries  on  the  books  of  the  Old  Testament,  viz. : 
Genesis,  Exodus,  Leviticus,  Joshua,  Judges,  and  Numbers, 
forming  8  vols.  These  have  been  highly  commended  : 

"  With  the  fullest  satisfaction  we  direct  attention  to  this  valu 
able  contribution  from  transatlantic  stores,  to  Biblical  literature 
and  Christian  theology.  .  .  .  There  is  a  union  of  the  critical  and 
the  practical  which  adapts  the  work  to  popular  use  as  well  as  to 
the  requirements  of  the  ministerial  student."— Scottish  Pilot. 

"We  regard  Bush's  work  on  Joshua  and  Judges  as  a  very  valu 
able  addition  to  the  number  of  Commentaries  on  the  whole  or 
parts  of  the  Holy  Scriptures.  The  professor  has  an  enviable  ta 
lent  for  elucidating  the  sacred  text." — Lon.  Herald  of  Peace. 

See  also  the  Lon.  Home  Miss.  Mag. 

"  The  real  object  of  a  commentary,  which  is  not  to  supersede 
the  text,  hut  to  excite  attention  to  it,  appears  to  be  as  nearly 
attained  in  this  volume,  as  in  any  work  we  could  name.  The  au 
thor  happily  avoids  that  generalizing  manner  which  detracts  from 
the  value  of  many  celebrated  works,  by  rendering  them  of  little 
use  in  the  way  of  quotation." — Lon.  Gent.  Mag.;  notice  of  the  Notes 
on  Genesis. 

A  Commentary  on  the  Book  of  Psalms  on  a  plan  em 
bracing  the  Hebrew  Text,  with  a  new  literal  version, 
New  York,  1848,  Svo. 

"  This  work  will  be  very  useful  to  Biblical  students  who  com 
mence  their  Hebrew  studies  with  the  Book  of  Psalms." — Home's 
Introduction. 

"  The  notes  are  designed  principally  to  elucidate  the  force,  im 
port,  and  pertinency  of  the  words  and  phrases  of  the  original,  by 
the  citation  of  parallel  instances,  and  to  throw  light  upon  the 
images  and  allusions  of  the  sacred  writers  by  reference  to  the  cus 
toms,  manners,  law,  geography,  &c.  of  the  East."— Andove.r  Bib 
lical  Repository,  v.  239. 

In  1836  Prof.  Bush  pub.  his  very  valuable  Illustrations 
of  the  Holy  Scriptures,  laboriously  compiled  from  46  Bri 
tish  and  foreign  writers.  This  work  should  be  in  the 
hands  of  every  Biblical  student.  In  1844  he  pub.  in  the 
Hierophant  some  elaborate  papers  upon  Prophetic  sym 
bols,  Ac.  Much  attention  was  excited  by  a  work  of  the 
professor's  pub.  in  1841,  entitled  Anastasis,  or  the  Doctrine 


BUS 


BUT 


of  the  Resurrection  of  the  Body,  Rationally  and  Spiri 
tually  Considered.  It  does  not  come  within  our  design  to 
consider  the  supposed  correctness  or  unsoundness  of  works 
written  with  the  intention  of  promoting  the  cause  of  truth. 
We  profess  to  occupy  the  position  of  the  chronicler,  not 
the  umpire.  The  opinions  of  the  learned  professor  have 
elicited  much  animated  controversy.  He  has  given  to  the 
world  an  exposition  of  some  of  the  phenomena  of  Mes 
merism,  and  he  anticipates  great  benefits  to  the  race  from 
the  full  development  of  the  new  philosophy  of  which  he 
is  an  ardent  champion.  In  addition  to  his  other  labours, 
Prof.  Bush  preaches  to  a  society  of  the  New  Jerusalem 
Church  in  Brooklyn  and  edits  the  Anglo-American  New 
Church  Repository. 

Bush,  J.  Hibernia  Curiosa,  or  a  General  History  of 
the  Manners,  Customs,  and  Dispositions,  Ac.  of  the  Inha 
bitants  of  Ireland;  Trade,  Agriculture,  and  Curiosities, 
Lon.,  1767,  8vo. 

"  The  materials  of  this  work,  which  chiefly  is  occupied  with  a 
view  of  manners,  agriculture,  trade,  natural  curiosities,  &c.,  were 
collected  during  a  tour  in  1764-69."— STEVENSOX 

Bush,  Joseph.     Evangelical  sermons,  1842,  12mo. 
"  We  have  been  much  pleased  with  these  sermons.    They  breathe 
cordial  attachment  to  the  Redeemer  and  his  Gospel."— Church 
man's  Monthly  Revirw. 

Bush,  or  Bushe,  Paul,  1490-1558,  first  Bishop  of 
Bristol,  entered  the  University  of  Oxford  about  1513.  In 
consequence  of  his  profound  knowledge  of  divinity,  Henry 
VIII.  advanced  him  to  the  newly-erected  see  of  Bristol, 
1542,  and  made  him  his  chaplain.  Queen  Mary  deprived 
him  of  his  dignity  on  account  of  his  being  a  married  man. 
Exposycy on  of  Miserere  mei  Deus,  1525.  An  Exhortation 
to  Margaret  Barges.  Notes  on  the  Psalms,  Lon.,  1525. 
Treatise  in  praise  of  the  Crosse.  Answer  to  certain  Que 
ries  concerning  the  Abuses  of  the  Mass;  in  Burnet's  Hist. 
Reformation  ;  Records,  No.  25.  Dialogues  between  Christ 
and  the  Virgin  Mary.  Treatise  of  Salves  and  Curing  Re 
medies,  sine  anno.  Extirpation  of  Ignorancy,  Ac.  Car- 
mina  diversa.  Certayne  gostly  Medycynes,  <fcc.,  sine  anno. 
When  he  took  his  degree  of  B.A.,  Wood  says  he  was 
"  Then  numbered  among  the  celebrated  poets  of  the  Univer 
sity."—  Athen.  Oxon. 

Bush,  William.     The  Celestial  Race,  Lon.,  1692. 
Bush,  William.     The  Inadvertencies  and  Indiscre 
tions  of  Good   Men  a  great  cause  of  general  Corruption  in 
Society  ;  a  serm.  on  1  Tim.  v.  22,  1746,  8vo. 

Bush,  William.  Voyage  and  Travel  of  W.  B.,  Lon. 
1647,  4to. 

Bush,  William.  Observations  on  Cancers,  Bath,  1804 
Bushby,  E.     Introduction  to  the  Study  of  Scripture, 
12mo.      Essay  on   the   Human   Mind,  5th  edit.,  Camb., 
1852,  12mo. 

Bushe,  Amyas.     Socrates ;  a  Dram.  Poem,  1785,  4to. 
Bushe,  G.  P.     Population  of  Ireland.     Trans.  Irish 
Acad.,  1790. 

Bushel,  Seth,  D.D.  Sermons,  1673,  '78,  '82. 
Bushel,  or  Bushell,  Thomas,  1594-1674,  educated 
at  Baliol  College,  Oxford,  was  in  the  service  of  Lord  Ba 
con.  Charles  made  him  Master  of  the  Royal  Mines  in 
Wales.  Speeches  and  Songs  at  the  Presentment  of  the 
Rock  at  Euston  to  the  Queen  in  1636,  Oxon.,  1636,  4to 
Remonstrance  of  His  Majesty's  Mines  Royal  in  Wales 
Lon.,  1642,  4to.  Tracts  concerning  the  Mines  in  Wales, 
Lon.,  1642-60,  4to.  Extract  of  the  Lord  Bacon's  Philo 
sophical  Theory  of  Mineral  Prosecutions,  1660,  4to.  See 
an  interesting  account  of  Bushel  and  his  famous  "  Rock* 
and  various  projects,  in  Athen.  Oxon. 

"  Leaving  behind  him  the  character  of  one  always  troubled  witl 
a  beating  and  contriving  brain,  of  an  aimer  at  great  and  high 
things,  while  he  himself  was  always  indigent,  and  therefore  could 
never  accomplish  his  mind  to  his  original  desire;  of  one  alway 
borrowing  to  carry  on  his  design,  but  seldom  or  never  paid." 

Yet  we  should  not  omit  to  state  that  there  were  time 
when  Bushel  had  no  lack  of  the  precious  metals.  He  i 
said  to  have  gained  from  one  silver  mine  at  Bwlch-yr 
Eskir,  sufficient  profit  to  enable  him  to  present  Charles  I 
with  a  regiment  of  horse,  and  to  provide  clothes  for  hi 
whole  army.  In  addition  to  this,  he  advanced  as  a  loar 
to  his  Majesty  no  less  a  sum  than  £40,000 ;  equal  to  a 
least  four  times  the  amount  of  the  present  currency ;  anc 
he  also  raised  a  regiment  among  miners  at  his  own  charge 
The  mine  referred  to  is  the  same  one  out  of  which  Sir  Hug 
Middleton  accumulated  £2000  a  month,  "by  which  pro 
duce  he  was  enabled  to  defray  the  expense  of  bringin 
the  New  River  to  London." 

Busher,  Leon.    Liberty  of  Conscience,  1646,  4to,  <t( 

Bushnan,  J.  S.,  M.D.     History  of  the  Saline  Treat 

ment  of  Cholera,  Lon.,  8vo.     Introduc.  to  the  Study  o 

Nature  8vo.     Observations  on  Hydropathy,  12mo.     Phi 

310 


>sophy  of  Instinct  and  Reason,  p.  8vo.  Treatise  on 
orms  in  the  Blood,  8vo.  Homoeopathy  and  the  Homoeo- 
athist,  12mo.  The  Physiology  of  Animal  and  Vegetable 
ife  :  a  Popular  Treatise  on  the  Functions  and  Phenomena 
f  Organic  Life ;  to  which  is  prefixed  a  Brief  Exposition 
f  the  Great  Departments  of  Human  Knowledge,  r.  I2mo, 
ith  over  one  hundred  illustrations. 

"  Though  cast  to  a  popular  form  and  manner,  this  work  is  the 
reduction  of  a  man  of  science,  and  presents  its  subject  in  its  latest 
evelopment,  based  on  truly  scientific  and  accurate  principles. 
t  may,  therefore,  be  consulted  with  interest  by  those  who  wish  to 
tttain  in  a  concise  form,  and  at  a  low  price,  a  resume  of  the  pre- 
ent  state  of  animal  and  vegetable  physiology." 
Other  works. 

Bushnell,  Edm.  Complete  Shipwright,  1669,  4to. 
Bushnell,  Horace,  D.D.,  b.  about  1804,  at  Wash- 
ngton,  Litchfield  county,  Connecticut,  graduated  at  Yale 
College  in  1827,  where  in  1829  he  was  appointed  tutor. 
Je  has  been  a  journalist,  and  a  law  student,  as  well  as 
heologian.  Among  his  publications  are  Christian  Nur- 
ure,  1847 ;  God  in  Christ,  1849 ;  and  a  sequel  to  these, 
ntitled,  Christian  Theology,  1851.  He  has  pub.  a  num- 
>er  of  sermons, — Unconscious  Influence,  <fec., — which  have 
)een  collected  in  one  volume,  entitled  Sermons  for  the 
Life,  1858,  12mo.  Many  of  his  pieces  will  be  found 
n  The  New  Englander:  and  his  addresses  before  college 
societies  and  literary  assemblies  are  numerous. 

"  His  writings  have  attracted    considerable    attention    among 
heologians  from  the  bold  and  original  manner  in  which  he  has 
>resented  views  of  the  doctrines  of  the  Calvinistic  faith.  .  .  .  The 
lissertation  prefixed  to  his  volume  '  God  in  Christ'  contains  the 
germ  of  most  of  what  are  considered  his  theological  peculiarities." 
Busk,  George,  b.  in  Russia,  a  distinguished  surgeon 
,nd  naturalist,  went  to  England  at  an  early  age.     He  was 
ne  of  the  early  members,  and,  in  1848-49,  President,  of  the 
Microscopical  Soc.,  and  has  contributed  many  valuable 
japers  to  its  Transactions.     Editor  of  the  Quarterly  Jour 
nal  of  Microscopical  Science.    Trans.  Kolliker's  Histology; 
also  Wedl's  Pathological  Histology.     Catalogue  of  the  Ma 
rine  Polyzoa  contained  in  the  British  Museum,  2  vols.  8vo. 
Busk,  M.  M.      The  History  of  Spain  and  Portugal 
from  B.C.  1000  to  A.D.  1814,  Lon.,  1833,  8vo;   pub.  by 
the  Soc.  for  D.  U.  Knowledge. 

"The  running  narrative,  constantly  enlivened  by  anecdote,  of 
which  the  subject  is  prolific,  leaves  us  no  time  to  be  dull.  A  well- 
analyzed  chronological  table  is  prefixed,  as  well  as  a  useful  table 
of  contents." — Lon.  Gent.  Mag. 

Busk,  Mrs.  1.  Biographical  Sketches,  European  and 
Asiatic,  Lon.,  p.  8vo.  2.  History  of  Mediaeval  Popes, 
Emperors,  <fec.,  2  vols.  p.  8vo ;  vols.  iii.  and  iv.,  1856,  p. 
8vo.  3.  Plays  and  Poems,  2  vols.  12mo. 

Bussey,  George  Moir.  Life  of  Napoleon,  illustrated 
by  500  wood-engravings  by  Horace  Vernet,  2  vols.  8vo. 

"  This  work  is  well  and  carefully  written,  and,  as  a  contribu 
tion  to  modern  history,  is  entitled  to  a  place  in  the  library." — 
Westminster  Revieiv. 

Bussiere,  Paul,  Surgeon.  Profess.  Con.  to  Phil. 
Trans.,  1699,  1700. 

Buswell,  John.  An  Historical  Account  of  the  Knights 
of  the  most  noble  order  of  the  Garter,  from  its  institution, 
1350,  to  the  present  time,  1757,  8vo. 

"  The  present  design  is  briefly  to  give  such  account  of  those  il 
lustrious  Knights  who  have  been  companions  of  this  most  noble 
Order,  as  may  in  some  measure  shew  the  cause  of  their  being  ad 
mitted  to  so  high  a  dignity."— Pref.,  p.  5. 

"  Mr.  Buswell  seems  to  have  executed  this  design  with  all  the 
requisite  care  and  exactness;  and  his  work  forms  no  unentertaiu- 
ing  system  of  biographical  anecdotes." — Lon.  Monthly  Rf.r.,  1757. 

Recently  a  copy  of  this  work  was  advertised  by  Mr. 
George  Willis,  London,  with  MS.  additions  to  the  present 
time,  (1854,)  by  the  Rev.  D.  T.  Powell. 

Buswell,  Sir  George,  Bart.  A  copy  of  his  last 
Will  and  Testament,  Lon.,  1714,  8vo;  privately  printed. 
This  pamphlet  is  interesting  to  the  collectors  of  Northamp 
tonshire  history. 

Buswell,  William,  late  of  Queen's  College,  Cam 
bridge,  Rector  of  Widford,  Essex.  Plain  Parochial  ser 
mons  on  important  subjects,  Lon.,  1812,  12mo. 

Butcher,  Edmund,  a  Unitarian  minister.  Sermons, 
Lon.,  1798-1806,  2  vols.  8vo.  An  Excursion  from  Sid- 
mouth  to  Chester  in  1803,  Lon.,  1805,  2  vols.  12mo.  Ser 
mons  for  the  Use  of  Families,  1819,  3  vols.  8vo. 

"The  style  is  simple  and  familiar;  the  sentences  short,  and 
sometimes  striking.  Scripture  language  is  largely  used  and  freely 
accommodated." — Lon.  Monthly  Repository. 

Other  works. 

Butcher,  George.  Causes  of  the  present  high  prices 
of  provisions,  1801,  8vo. 

Butcher,  John.     Sermon,  Lon.,  1694,  8vo. 

Butcher,  Richard.  Survey  and  Antiquities  of  the 
Towns  of  Stamford  and  Tottenham,  High  Cross,  Lon.,  1646, 
4to;  1717,  8vo;  with  Notes  by  Francis  Peck,  1727,  foL 


BUT 


BUT 


Butcher,  William.  Sermon,  1811.  Plain  Discourses 
delivered  to  a  Country  Congregation,  1815,  2  vols.  12mo. 
Bute,  John  Stuart,  third  Earl  of,  1713-1792.  This 
most  unpopular  statesman  is  said  to  have  played  himself 
into  the  favour  of  the  Prince  of  Wales,  as  Sir  Christopher 
Hatton  danced  himself  into  Queen  Elizabeth's.  His  Lord 
ship  took  refuge  from  the  arrows  of  Junius  in  his  Paradise 
of  Shrubs.  He  printed  a  work  upon  his  favourite  pursuit 
in  9  vols.  4to, — Botanical  Tables,  <fcc., — at  an  expense  of 
£10,000  for  12  copies.  Dr.  Dutens  thus  speaks  of  his  lord 
ship  and  his  expensive  book  : 

"L'etude  favorite  de  Lord  Bute  6toit  la  botanique;  il  excelloit 
tellement  dans  cette  science,  que  les  plus  grands  maftres  en  Europe 
le  consultoient  et  recherchoient  sa  correspondance ;  il  avoit  ecrit 
sur  ce  sujet  un  ouvrage  en  9  vols.  in  4to,  qu'il  fit  imprimer  a  grands 
frais.il  1'avoit  compose  pour  la  Reine  d'Angleterre,  et  ne  voulait 
jamais  le  publier,  tant  il  etoit  eloignS  de  tirer  vanite  de  ses  lu- 
mieres.  II  en  fit  tirer  16  exemplaires,  dont  il  me  donna  un." — M&- 
moires  <fun  Voyageur  qui  se  Repose,  vol.  ii.  p.  252. 

Only  twelve  copies  were  printed,  and  were  disposed  of  as 
follows  : 

Lord  Bute 2 

The  Queen 1 

Empress  of  Russia 1 

Sir  Joseph  Banks 1 

M.  de  Buffon 1 

Lady  Betty  Mackenzie 1 

Lady  Ruthven 1 

Lady  Macartney 1 

Duchess  of  Portland 1 

Mrs.  Barrington 1 

M.  Dutens 1 

12 

One  of  Lord  Bute's  copies  sold  in  1798,  with  Mr.  Tighe's 
books,  produced  £120;  and  the  late  Queen  Charlotte's  copy 
was  sold  in  1819,  for  £117.  A  copy  was  sold  in  1813  for 
£82  19s.  The  plates  are  said  to  have  been  destroyed.  See 
Gentleman's  Mag.  for  1792,  p.  285 ;  Martin's  Bibliographi 
cal  Catalogue  of  Privately  Printed  Books,  and  Dryander's 
Catalogues  :  the  latter  remarks  : 

"Opera  hujus,  splendidi  magis  quam  utilis,  duodecim,  tan  turn 
exemplaria  impressa  sunt." 

Butler,  A  limn,  1700-1773,  a  native  of  Northampton, 
was  sent  in  his  eighth  year  to  the  English  Roman  Catholic 
College  at  Douay,  where  he  was  subsequently  appointed 
Professor  of  Divinity.  Whilst  at  this  seat  of  learning,  he 

n\  his  Letters  on  the  History  of  the  Popes,  by  Archi- 
d  Bower. 

"  They  are  written  with  ease  and  good  humour,  they  show  va 
rious  and  extensive  learning,  a  vigorous  and  candid  mind.  They 
met  with  universal  applause."— CHARLES  BUTLER. 

In  1745  he  travelled  through  France  and  Italy  with  the 
Earl  of  Shrewsbury,  and  the  Messrs.  Talbot,  and  on  his 
return  was  appointed  to  a  mission  in  Staffordshire,  though 
anxious  for  a  London  residence,  which  would  permit  ac 
cess  to  such  works  as  he  desired  to  consult  in  the  compila 
tion  of  his  History  of  the  Saints.  Shortly  after  reaching 
England,  he  was  appointed  Chaplain  to  Edward,  Duke  of 
Norfolk,  and  accompanied  Edward  Howard,  his  nephew, 
to  the  Continent.  Whilst  at  Paris  he  sent  to  the  press  his 
Lives  of  the  Saints,  upon  which  he  had  laboured  more  or 
less  for  thirty  years.  It  was  pub.  Lon.,  1745,  5  vols.  4to; 
Dubl.,  1780,  12  vols.  8vo.  In  the  edit,  before  us,  the  im 
primatur  of  the  prelates  is  dated  January  29th,  1833 ;  pub. 
(1836)  at  Dublin,  2  r.  Svo  vols.,  with  a  preface  by  Bishop 
Doyle,  and  life  of  the  author  by  his  nephew,  CHARLES  BUT 
LER,  (q.  v.)  In  the  first  edit,  the  notes  were  omitted.  This 
step  was  taken  at  the  advice  of  Mr.  Challoner,  Vicar- 
apostolic  of  the  London  district,  who  thought  that  the 
work  would  be  too  costly  for  general  circulation  unless  re 
duced  in  size.  An  edit,  considered  the  best,  was  pub.  in 
1847,  Lon.,  12  vols.  Svo ;  the  continuation  by  C.  Butler 
should  be  added.  "  It  is  easy  to  suppose,"  remarks  his 
nephew  and  biographer,  Charles  Butler,  "what  it  must 
have  cost  our  author  to  consign  to  oblivion  the  fruit  of  so 
much  labour,  and  so  many  vigils.  He  obeyed,  however." 
Happily  they  were  restored  in  the  subsequent  editions. 
The  Lives  of  the  Saints  is  a  curious  storehouse  of  ecclesi 
astical  and  .secular  learning. 

"  The  erudition,  the  beauty  of  style,  the  true  spirit  of  religion, 
and  the  mild  and  conciliating  language,  which  pervade  this  work, 
edified  all  its  readers,  disposed  them  to  be  pleased  with  a  religion 
in  which  they  saw  so  much  virtue,  allayed  their  prejudices  against 
its  professors,  and  led  them  to  consider  the  general  body  with  good 
will.  It  has  been  translated  into  French.  Spanish,  and  Italian; 
and,  though  a  bulky  and  expensive  work,  has  gone  through  seve 
ral  editions." — CHARLES  BUTLER. 

Gibbon  remarks  of  this  compilation, 

"  It  is  a  work  of  merit :— the  sense  and  learning  belong  to  the 
author;  the  prejudices  are  those  of  his  profession." 

Upon  which  Charles  Butler  remarks  with  his  usual  grace 
ful  and  gentlemanly  humour: 


As  it  is  known  what  prejudice  means  in  Mr.  Gibbon's  vocabiv 
lary,  our  author's  relatives  accept  the  character." 

The  Rev.  Alban  Butler  also  pub.  The  Life  of  Mary  of 
the  Cross. 

"  It  is  rather  a  vehicle  to  convey  instruction  on  various  import 
ant  duties  of  a  religious  life,  and  on  sublime  prayer,  than  a  minute 
account  of  the  life  and  actions  of  the  nun." — CHARLES  BUTLER. 

He  left  an  unfinished  Treatise  on  the  Movable  Feasts, 
which  was  pub.  by  Mr.  Challoner,  (an  edit.,  Dubl.,  1839, 
8vo;)  and  Charles  Butler  pub.  his  Short  Life  of  Sir  Toby 
Matthews.  The  Rev.  Mr.  Jones  superintended  the  publi 
cation  of  three  vols.  of  his  Meditations  and  Discourses, 
issued  in  1791,  since  the  author's  decease ;  new  edit,  by 
Dr.  Lanigan,  Dubl.,  1840,  8vo. 

"They  are  acknowledged  to  possess  great  merit;  the  morality 
of  them  is  entitled  to  great  praise;  the  discourse  on  conversation 

shows  a  considerable  knowledge  of  life  and  manners His 

sermons  were  sometimes  interesting  and  pathetic ;  but  they  were 
always  desultory,  and  almost  always  immeasurably  long." — CHAS. 
BUTLER. 

He  made  collections  for  the  Lives  of  Bishop  Fisher  and 
Sir  Thomas  More,  which,  it  is  to  be  regretted,  with  several 
other  projected  works,  were  never  given  to  the  world. 
Sometime  after  his  return  to  England  from  his  travels  with 
Mr.  Howard,  he  was  chosen  President  of  the  English  Col 
lege  at  St.  Omer's,  which  responsible  position  he  filled 
until  the  day  of  his  death — in  1773.  He  was  always  much 
attached  to  literary  pursuits,  and  ever  ready  to  assist  the 
learned  investigations  of  others.  He  aided  Cardinal  Qui- 
rini  in  his  edition  of  Cardinal  Pole's  Letters,  who  makes 
this  handsome  acknowledgment  of  his  valuable  co-opera 
tion  : 

"  The  Letters  were  procured  for  the  author  by  Mr.  Alban  Butler, 
to  whom  the  public  is  indebted  for  the  most  useful  and  valuable 
work  which  has  appeared  in  the  English  language  on  the  Lives  of 
the  Saints,  and  which  has  been  so  much  esteemed  in  France,  that 
it  is  now  translated  into  the  language  of  a  country  celebrated  for 
biography,  with  large  additions  by  the  author.  This  gentleman's 
readiness  on  all  occasions  to  assist  the  author  in  bis  undertaking 
was  answerable  to  his  extensive  knowledge,  and  general  acquaint 
ance  with  whatever  has  any  relation  to  erudition." 

The  value  of  Quirini's  commendation  is  too  well  known 
to  scholars  to  require  to  be  enlarged  on  here. 

Mr.  Butler  pursued  his  studies  with  such  zeal  that  we 
are  assured  by  one  of  his  friends  that 

"  Every  instant  that  Mr.  Butler  did  not  dedicate  to  the  govern 
ment  of  his  college,  he  employed  in  study;  and  when  obliged  to 
go  abroad,  he  would  read  as  he  walked  along  the  streets.  I  have 
met  him  with  a  book  tinder  each  arm,  and  a  third  in  his  hands, 
and  have  been  told,  that,  travelling  one  day  on  horseback,  he  tell 
a  reading,  giving  the  horse  his  full  liberty.  The  creature  used  it 
to  eat  a  few  ears  of  corn  that  grew  on  the  roadside.  The  owner 
came  in  haste,  swearing  that  he  would  be  indemnified.  Mr.  But 
ler,  who  knew  nothing  of  the  damage  done,  no  sooner  perceived 
it,  than,  blushing,  he  said  to  the  countryman,  with  his  usual 
mildness,  that  his  demand  was  just;  he  then  draws  out  a  louis- 
d'or,  and  gives  it  to  the  fellow,  who  would  have  been  very  well 
satisfied  with  a  few  pence,  makes  repeated  apologies  to  him,  easily 
obtains  forgiveness,  and  goes  on  his  way." 

The  character  of  Alban  Butler  was  most  exemplary. 
L'Abbe"  de  la  Sepouze  thus  speaks  of  him : 

"  What  astonished  me  most  was,  that  studies  so  foreign  to  the 
supernatural  objects  of  piety,  shed  over  his  soul  neither  aridity 
nor  lukewarmness.  He  referred  all  things  to  God.  and  his  dis 
course  always  concluded  by  some  Christian  reflections,  which  he 
skilfully  drew  from  the  topic  of  his  conversation.  His  virtue  was 
neither  minute  nor  pusillanimous :  religion  had  in  his  discourse, 
as  well  as  in  his  conduct,  that  solemn  gravity  which  can  alone 
make  it  worthy  of  the  Supreme  Being.  Ever  composed,  he  feared 
neither  contradictions  nor  adversities:  he  dreaded  nothing  but 
praises.  He  never  allowed  himself  a  word  that  could  injure  any 
one's  reputation.  ...  In  short,  I  will  confess  it  to  my  confusion 
that  for  a  long  time  I  sought  to  discover  a  failing  in  him;  and  I 
protest,  by  all  that  is  sacred,  that  I  never  knew  one  in  him."  See 
the  whole  of  this  interesting  letter  in  the  Account  of  the  Life  and 
Writings  of  Alban  Butler,  prefixed  to  the  Lives  of  the  Saints. 

Butler,  C.  The  Age  of  Chivalry;  a  Tale,  abridged 
from  the  Knights  of  the  Swan,  by  Madame  de  Genlia, 
1799,  12mo. 

Butler,  Charles,  1559-1647,  a  native  of  High  Wy- 
comb,  Buckinghamshire,  was  entered  of  Magdalen  Hall, 
Oxford,  in  1579;  Vicar  of  Lawrence  Wotton,  Hampshire, 
from  about  1600  until  his  death.  Feminine  Monarchie ;  or 
The  History  of  Bees,  and  the  due  ordering  of  them,  Oxon., 
1609,  Svo.  In  Latin,  by  Richardson,  under  the  title  of 
Monarchia  Feminina,  sive  Apium  Historia,  Lon.,  1673, 
Svo.  See  Donaldson's  Agricult.  Biog.  Rhetoricse,  libri 
duo,  Oxon.,  1619,  '29,  4to.  De  Propinquitate  Matrimo- 
niuin  impediente  regula  Generalis;  or  the  Marriage  of 
Cousins  german,  Oxon.,  1625,  4to.  Oratorise,  libri  duo, 
Oxon.,  1638,  4to;  often  reprinted.  The  English  Gram 
mar,  1633,  4to;  quoted  by  Dr.  Johnson  in  the  Grammar 
prefixed  to  his  Dictionary.  The  Principles  of  Music,  in 
singing  and  setting,  Lon.,  1636,  4to. 

"  The  only  theoretical  or  didactic  work  published  on  the  subject 
of  music  during  the  reign  of  Charles  I.  It  contains  more  know- 


BUT 


BUT 


ledge  in  a  small  compass  than  any  other  of  the  kind  in  our  lan 
guage;  but  the  Saxon  and  new  characters  he  uses,  in  order  to  ex 
plode  such  characters  as  are  redundant,  or  of  uncertain  powers, 
render  this  musical  tract  somewhat  difficult  to  peruse."  See  Dr. 
Burney's  Gen.  Hist,  of  Music. 

Butler,  Charles,  1750-1832,  a  learned  Roman  Catho 
lic,  and  eminent  lawyer,  was  the  nephew  of  ALB  AN  BUTLER, 
(q.  v.)  and  a  native  of  London.  He  was  educated  at  the 
English  Roman  Catholic  College  at  Douay,  where  he  was  j 
noted  for  his  talents  and  studious  application.  He  was  : 
entered  of  Lincoln's  Inn,  in  1775,  and  was  called  to  the 
bar  in  1791,  being  the  first  barrister  of  the  Roman  Catho 
lic  communion  since  the  Revolution  :  he  never  argued  any 
case  save  tbe  one  of  Cholmondeley  v.  Clinton.  In  1832 
he  accepted  from  the  chancellor  a  silk  gown,  and  was 
made  a  Bencher  of  Lincoln's  Inn.  Mr.  Butler  was  a  zeal 
ous  champion  of  the  religious  faith  which  he  professed, 
whilst  not  unmindful  of  those  amenities  without  which 
there  is  little  hope  of  rectifying  the  opinions  of  others  or 
recommending  our  own.  The  character  which  he  gives 
of  his  uncle,  the  celebrated  author  of  The  Lives  of  the 
Saints,  is  a  higher  eulogy  in  his  own  favour  than  any  we 
could  indite. 

"  He  was  zealous  in  the  cause  of  religion,  but  his  zeal  was  without 
bitterness  or  animosity :  polemic  acrimony  was  unknown  to  him. 
He  never  forgot  that  in  every  heretic  he  saw  a  brother  Christian  ; 
in  every  infidel  he  saw  a  brother  man." — Charles  Butter's  Life  of 
Alban  Butler. 

In  1778  he  pub.  an  Essay  on  the  Legality  of  Impressing 
Seamen.  Mr.  Hargrave  had  left  unfinished,  after  seven 
years'  labour,  his  edit  of  Coke  upon  Littleton.  Mr.  Butler 
took  the  remainder — nearly  half  the  work — in  hand,  and 
finished  it  in  four  terms,  according  to  his  contract.  We 
by  no  means  assert,  however,  that  Mr.  Butler  did  as  much 
work  as  Mr.  Hargrave.  Our  reference  is  only  to  the 
calendar.  We  notice  other  publications  of  Mr.  Butler. 

Horae  Biblicge ;  being  a  Series  of  Miscellaneous  Notes 
on  the  original  Text,  early  Versions,  and  printed  Editions, 
of  the  Old  and  New  Testaments,  1797,  8vo ;  not  sold ; 
printed  for  the  author's  friends.  Part  2,  1804,  8vo ;  1807, 
vol.  i.,  4th  edit. ;  vol.  ii.,  2d  edit.  The  second  vol.  treats 
of  the  books  accounted  sacred  by  the  Mohammedans,  Hin 
doos,  Parsees,  Chinese,  and  Scandinavians. 

"  An  elegant  work,  the  production  of  the  leisure  hours  of  Mr. 
Butler.  It  does  great  credit  to  his  learning,  research,  candour, 
and  good  sense.  It  supplies  in  a  narrow  compass  a  large  portion 
of  useful  information  on  all  the  topics  of  which  it  treats,  and 
directs  to  the  sources  whence  it  is  chiefly  drawn.  In  an  appendix, 
toe  ingenious  writer  gives  a  literary  outline  of  the  disputes  on  the 
authenticity  of  1  John  v.  7 ;  in  which  the  evidence  on  both  sides 
IB  stated  with  great  candour  and  accuracy.  The  fifth  edition  of  the 
Horae  Biblicae  is  inserted  in  a  collection  of  Mr.  Butler's  Philologi 
cal  and  Biographical  Works,  1817,  5  vols.  8vo."—  Orme's  Bibl.  Bib. 
lf  A  judicious  manual  of  Biblical  criticism." — T.H.Horne's  Introd. 
"  An  elegant  and  interesting  work." — DR.  T.  F.  DIBDIN. 
In  1810  M.  Boulard  pub.  in  Paris,  8vo,  a  French  trans. 
of  this  work,  from  the  edit,  printed  at  Oxford  in  1799. 
Horae  Juridicse  Subsecivae ;  being  a  connected  Series  of 
Notes  concerning  the  Geography,  Chronology,  and  Lite 
rary  History  of  the  principal  Codes  and  original  Docu 
ments  of  the  Grecian,  Roman,  Feudal,  and  Canon  Law, 
Lon.,  1804,  8vo;  1807,  8vo;  3d  edit.,  with  additions,  Lon., 
1830,  8vo ;  pub.  in  Philada.,  1808. 

"  The  author  in  the  compilation  of  this  work,  appears  to  have 
freely  used  Schomberg's  Elements  of  the  Roman  Law,  ('  an  amusing 
and  superficial  little  work,')  with  a  sprinkling  of  authorities  bor 
rowed  from  Gibbon's  44th  chapter.  It  is  an  unfavourable  specimen 
of  Mr.  Butler's  labours,  being  noted  neither  for  accuracy  nor  depth 
of  research.  It  contains,  however,  useful  information  upon  the 
subjects  of  which  it  treats,  and  refers  the  student  to  authorities  to 
assist  him  in  a  farther  prosecution  of  each  head  of  inquiry."  See 
Marvin's  Legal  Bibl.;  2  Hoffman's  Leg.  Student,  523;  8  West 
minster  Review,  422. 

It  is  included  in  vol.  2d  of  Mr.  Butler's  works. 
In  1806  the  Emperor  of  Austria  renounced  the  empire 
of  Germany,  and  a  question  arose  on  its  territorial  extent. 
This  led  to  the  publication  of  Mr.  Butler's  Notes  on  the 
chief  Revolutions  of  the  principal  States  which  composed 
the  Empire  of  Charlemagne,  Ac.,  1807,  8vo,  repub.  in  1812, 
8vo,  under  the  title  of  A  Succinct  History  of  the  Geographi 
cal  and  Political  Revolutions  in  the  Empire  of  Germany, 
or  the  Principal  Statea  which  composed  the  Empire  of 
Charlemagne,  Ac.  This  work  did  the  author  great  credit. 
«  There  has  been  a  book  published  by  Mr.  Butler  on  the  German 
Constitution  that  I  consider  invaluable.  Here  will  be  found  all 
the  outlines  of  the  subject.  Let  the  detail  be  studied,  wherever  it 
ig  thought  necessary,  in  Gibbon,  [Lecture  I.]  I  must  once  more  re 
mind  you  that  the  work  of  Mr.  Butler  on  the  German  Empire  is 
Indispensably  necessary.  [Lecture  4.]" — Prof.  Smyth's  Lectures  on 
Modern  Hiftory. 

"  Mr.  Butler  has  produced  a  work  of  great  curiosity  and  interest 
and  one  which  must  at  the  present  period  be  peculiarly  acceptable 
We  know,  indeed,  of  no  other  works,  in  this  or  any  language,  in 
which  this  regular  series  of  information  on  the  Germanic  Empire 
can  be  found,"— British  Critic,  July,  1813. 
312 


It  will  be  found  in  vol.  2d  of  Mr.  Butler's  works. 

Fearne's  Essay  on  Contingent  Remainders  and  Execu 
tory  Devises,  6th  edit.,  with  Notes,  1809,  8vo. 

'•  The  study  of  this  profound  and  useful  work  Mr.  Butler  greatly 
facilitated  by  his  clear  arrangement  and  intelligent  notes." — Lon. 
Gent.  Mag.,  1832. 

We  may  mention  that  the  10th  edit,  of  Fearne's  Essay 
was  pub.  by  Josiah  W.  Smith,  Esq.,  Lon.,  1844,  2  vols. 
r.  8vo;  this  edit,  includes  Mr.  Butler's  notes.  Life  and 
Writings  of  J.  B.  Bossuet,  Bishop  of  Meaux,  Lon,,  1812, 
8vo. 

"The  reader  will  do  well  to  procure  Mr.  Butler's  pleasing  bio 
graphical  Memoir  of  Bossuet."— DR.  T.  F.  DIBDIN. 

Historical  Memoirs  of  the  English,  Irish,  and  Scottish 
Catholics  since  the  Reformation,  Ac.,  3d  edit.,  consider 
ably  augmented,  Lon.,  1822,  4  vols.  8vo.  The  Life  of  Eras 
mus,  with  Historical  Remarks  on  the  State  of  Literature 
between  the  tenth  and  sixteenth  Centuries,  Lon.,  1825, 
3vo.  An  Historical  and  Literary  Account  of  the  Formu 
laries,  Confessions  of  Faith,  or  Symbolic  Books  of  the  Ro 
man  Catholic,  Greek,  and  Principal  Protestant  Churches, 
1816,  8vo ;  appended  to  this  were  four  Essays,  of  which 
the  last  was  the  celebrated  one  on  the  Reunion  of  Chris 
tians,  which  elicited  much  censure.  Respecting  this  essay 
the  author  remarks  in  a  letter  to  Dr.  Parr : 

The  chief  aim  of  all  my  writings  has  been  to  put  Catholic  and 
Protestant  into  good  humour  with  one  another,  and  Catholics  into 
a  good  humour  with  themselves.  ...  I  never  had  any  notion  that 
the  reunion  of  Christians  was  practicable." 

It  is  certainly  better  to  agree  to  disagree,  than  to  disa 
gree  in  the  effort  to  agree. 

A  Continuation  of  the  Rev.  Alban  Butler's  Lives  of  the 
Saints  to  the  present  time,  Ac.,  1823.  The  Book  of  the 
Roman  Catholic  Church,  in  a  Series  of  Letters  addressed 
to  Robert  Southey,  Esq.,  in  his  Book  of  the  Church,  1825, 
8vo.  Mr.  Southey  refers  to  this  publication  in  his  letters 
to  John  May,  Esq.,  March  16,  and  to  Rev.  Robert  Philip, 
Aug.  15,  1825 :  he  reviewed  it  also  in  the  Quart.  Review, 
xxxiii.  1 ;  xxxvi.  305  :  see  also  Edin.  Review,  xliii.  125. 
As  we  have  not  room  to  quote  the  statements  of  both  par 
ties,  of  course  we  shall  give  neither.  Mr.  Butler  in  the 
second  vol.,  p.  59,  of  his  Reminiscences,  enumerates  no 
less  than  ten  replies  which  were  elicited  by  this  work.  He 
answered  his  objectors  in  A  Letter  to  the  Rt.  Rev.  C.  J. 
Blomfield,  Bishop  of  Chester,  1825,  and  in  his  Vindication 
of  the  Book  of  the  Roraian  Catholic  Church,  Ac.,  1826, 
8vo.  The  Vindication  elicited  six  additional  replies  (!) 
See  Butler's  Reminiscences,  vol.  ii.  62,  which  were  noticed 
by  Mr.  B.  in  an  Appendix  to  his  Vindication.  His  Re 
miniscences,  a  most  interesting  work,  was  pub.  vol.  i. 
1822;  vol.  ii.  1827.  For  a  biographical  sketch  of  Mr. 
Butler,  and  notices  of  his  publications,  see  Gent.  Mag., 
1832,  269.  We  have  already  referred  to  the  collective 
edit,  of  his  works,  Lon.,  1817,  5  vols.  8vo.  Mr.  Butler, 
following  the  example  of  his  celebrated  uncle,  was  a  most 
diligent  student  He  tells  us  that 

"Very  early  rising,  a  systematic  division  of  his  time,  abstinence 
from  all  company,  and  from  all  diversions  not  likely  to  amuse  him 
highly, — from  reading,  writing,  or  even  thinking  on  modern  party 
politics, — and,  above  all,  never  permitting  a  scrap  of  time  to  be 
unemployed. — have  supplied  him  with  an  abundance  of  literary 
hours.  His  literary  acquisitions  are  principally  owing  to  the  rigid 
observance  of  four  rules :  to  direct  his  attention  to  one  literary 
object  only  at  a  time;  to  read  the  best  work  upon  it,  consulting 
others  as  little  as  possible ;  when  the  subjects  were  contentious, 
to  read  the  best  book  on  each  side ;  to  find  out  men  of  information, 
and  when  in  their  society,  to  listen,  not  to  talk." 

Butler,  Charles.  Introduction  to  Algebra,  Lon., 
1800  :  to  the  Mathematics,  with  notices  of  authors  and 
their  works,  Oxf.,  1814,  2  vols.  8vo. 

Butler,  Clement  Moore,  D.D.,  b.  1810,  Troy,N.  Y. 
Year  of  the  Church;  a  Poem.  Common  Prayer  Book  in 
terpreted  by  its  History.  Old  Truths  and  New  Errors. 

Butler,  D.  Funeral  Serm.  on  Sir  Cloudesley  Shovel, 
1707,  8ro. 

Bntler,  Frances  Anne.     See  KEMBLE. 

Butler,  George,  D.D.,  Dean  of  Peterborough.  Serm., 
Matt,  xxv iii.  18-20.  Festival  of  the  Sons  of  the  Clergy, 
Lon.,  1843,  8vo. 

Butler,  Mrs.  H.  1.  Love's  Mazes.  2.  Count  Eu- 
genio  ,•  novels,  1806,  '07. 

Butler,  Lady  Harriot.  Memoirs  from  her  MS., 
1761,  2  vols.  12mo. 

Butler,  Hon.  Henry.  To  the  Electors  of  Eng 
land,  1809 ;  on  the  Necessity  of  a  Reform  in  Parliament, 
1809. 

Butler,  J.  History  and  Picturesque  Guide  to  the  Isle 
of  Wight,  1806,  12mo. 

Butler,  James.  Extent  and  Limits  of  Subjection 
due  to  Princes ;  serm.,  Rom.  xiii.  1,  1707,  8vo. 


BUT 


BUT 


Butler,  James.  Justification  of  the  Tenets  of  the 
Roman  Catholic  Religion,  1787,  8vo. 

Butler,  John,  Chaplain  to  James,  Duke  of  Ormond. 
An  Account  of  Time,  stating  the  day,  hour,  and  minute 
of  our  Saviour's  Nativity,  Lon.,  1671,  8vo.  Kalendar, 
Scriptural  and  Astronomical,  for  five  years,  during  and 
after  Christ's  Ministry,  1671,  8vo.  Serm.,  1678,  4to.  As 
trology,  1680,  8vo.  Last  Legacy,  1686,  8vo.  Bellua  Ma 
rina  ;  Hist.  Descrip.  of  the  Papal  Empire  from  Prophecy, 
1690,  8vo. 

Butler,  John,  D.D.,  1717-1802,  a  native  of  Ham 
burg,  become  a  private  tutor  in  the  family  of  Mr.  Child, 
a  banker.  He  obtained  the  living  of  Everly,  Wiltshire  ; 
was  made  Bishop  of  Oxford,  1777;  and  translated  to  the 
see  of  Hereford,  1788.  He  pub.  a  number  of  political 
tracts,  and  several  sermons,  1746-78.  His  discourses  and 
two  charges  were  collected  by  him,  and  pub.  in  1801, 
under  the  title  of  Select  Sermons,  &c.,  8vo. 

"  They  appear  to  be  the  plain,  serious,  and  impressive  dictates 
of  tbo  mind.  They  abound  not  with  laboured  ornaments  and 
well-turned  periods,  but  with  attractions  of  a  preferable  kind, — 
with  sound  sense  and  rational  piety.  We  recommend  both  them 
[the  charges]  and  the  sermons  to  the  serious  attention  of  the  clergy 
and  the  public." — Lon.  Monthly  Review. 

The  Letters  of  Junius  were  at  one  time  ascribed  to  this 
prelate. 

Butler,  John.  Brief  Reflections  on  the  Liberty  of 
the  British  Subject :  addressed  to  the  Right  Hon.  Edmund 
Burke  ;  occasioned  by  his  publication  on  the  French  Revo 
lution,  Canterb.,  1791,  8vo. 

Butler,  Joseph,  1692-1752,  a  very  eminent  prelate, 
was  born  at  Wantage,  in  Berkshire,  where  his  father,  a 
Presbyterian,  was  a  respectable  tradesman.  Joseph  was 
the  youngest  of  eight  children,  and  evinced  at  an  early 
age  those  powers  of  mind  for  which  he  afterwards  became 
so  distinguished.  His  father  designed  him  for  the  minis 
try  in  his  own  denomination,  and  placed  him  at  a  Dissent 
ing  academy  in  Tewkesbury ;  but  an  examination  of  the 
principles  of  the  Church  of  England  resulted  in  a  deter 
mination  to  enter  its  communion.  Accordingly  in  1714 
he  was  received  as  a  commoner  of  Oriel  College,  Oxford. 
At  college  he  formed  a  friendship  with  Mr.  Edmund  Tal- 
bot,  son  of  Bishop  Talbot,  and  to  this  fortunate  alliance 
he  was  indebted  for  his  future  preferment.  In  1718  he 
was  appointed  preacher  at  the  Rolls,  which  post  he  re 
tained  till  1726,  in  the  beginning  of  which  year  he  pub 
lished  Fifteen  Sermons  preached  at  the  Rolls  Chapel,  of 
which  a  second  edition  appeared  in  1729.  Subsequently 
there  were  added  to  this  collection,  Six  Sermons  preached 
upon  public  occasions. 

"In  these  admirable  discourses  may  plainly  be  discovered  the 
germs  of  those  principles  of  analogy  which  were  afterwards  de 
veloped  by  him  in  his  celebrated  work." 

"  Of  these  Sermons,  considered  as  disquisitions  on  the  philoso 
phy  of  morals  and  religion,  it  is  difficult  to  speak  in  terms  of 
proper  and  commensurate  commendation.  They  exhibit  a  rare 
combination  of  nearly  all  the  excellencies  of  which  compositions 
of  this  class  are  susceptible,  and  are,  generally,  remarkably  free 
from  most  of  the  defects  and  blemishes  of  abstrusely  argumenta 
tive  sermons.  They  are  chargeable,  however,  with  one  serious  and 
capital  deficiency— a  deficiency  of  evangelical  sentiment"— Cun 
ningham's  Bing.  Hist. 

"  Able  and  argumentative,  but  fitter  for  the  closet  than  the 
pulpit.  More  useful  to  give  habits  of  thinking,  than  to  raise  to 
communion  with  God." — BICKERSTETH.  , 

In  1722  he  was  presented  by  Bishop  Talbot  with  the 
benefice  of  Haughton,  which  he  exchanged  in  1725  for 
that  of  Stanhope,  where  he  remained  for  seven  years. 
He  was  in  this  retired  country  parish,  when  Queen  Caro 
line  asked  whether  he  was  not  dead ;  to  which  it  was  an 
swered,  "  No,  madam,  but  he  is  buried."  In  1733  he  was 
appointed  Chaplain  to  the  Lord-Chancellor  Talbot;  and 
in  three  years  afterwards  he  was  made  clerk  of  the  closet 
to  her  Majesty.  In  1738  he  was  raised  to  the  Bishopric 
of  Bristol,  and  in  1750  was  translated  to  the  See  of  Dur 
ham.  In  the  following  year  be  delivered  to  the  clergy  of 
his  diocese  a  charge,  in  which  he  sets  forth  the  great 
value  of  external  forms  and  institutes  in  religion.  This 
charge  was  published,  and  elicited  a  pamphlet  from  an 
anonymous  writer,  entitled,  A  Serious  Inquiry  into  the 
Use  and  Importance  of  External  Religion,  occasioned  by 
some  passages  in  the  Right  Reverend  the  Lord  Bishop  of 
Durham's  Charge  to  the  Clergy  of  that  Diocese.  He  was 
a  man  of  uncommon  liberality  of  disposition,  and  ex 
pended  £4000  in  the  repairs  and  embellishment  of  the 
episcopal  palace  at  Bristol — which  was  a  larger  sum  than 
he  received  from  the  bishopric  during  his  continuance  in 
the  see.  He  one  day  asked  his  steward  how  much  money 
was  in  the  house;  to  which  it  was  answered,  "Five  hun 
dred  pounds."  "Five  hundred  pounds!"  exclaimed  the 


worthy  prelate,  "what  a  shame  for  a  bishop  to  have  so 
much  money  in  the  house  at  one  time  !"  He  then  ordered 
a  great  part  of  it  to  be  distributed  to  the  poor.  Shortly 
after  he  had  been  seated  in  his  new  bishopric,  his  health 
began  to  decline,  and  in  1752  he  died  at  Bath,  in  the  sixty- 
first  year  of  his  age.  He  was  never  married.  The  piety 
of  Bishop  Butler  was  full  of  seriousness,  humility,  and 
fervour.  Fifteen  years  after  his  decease,  a  declaration  was 
published  by  an  anonymous  writer  to  the  effect  that  the 
bishop  had  died  in  the  communion  of  the  Church  of  Rome. 
This  falsehood  was  amply  refuted  by  Archbishop  Seeker. 

"  This  strange  slander,  founded  on  the  weakest  pretences,  and 

most  trivial  circumstances,  that  can  be  imagined,  no  one  was 

better  qualified  to  confute  than  the  archbishop ;  as  well  from  his 

j  long  and  intimate  knowledge  of  Bishop  Butler,  as  from  the  infor- 

I  mation  given  him  at  the  time,  by  those  who  attended  his  lordship 

i  in  his  last  illness,  and  were  with  him  when  he  died." — Bp.  For- 

!  teus's  Life  of  Seeker. 

The  last  edit,  of  his  works,  with  a  Preface  by  Bishop  Hali 
fax,  was  pub.  in  1849,  2  vols.  8vo,  at  the  Oxf.  Univ.  Press. 
We  now  come  to  speak  of  that  great  work,  which  will 
|  secure  the  veneration  of  the  world  for  the  name  of  Butler, 
as  long  as  either  religion  or  philosophy  are  held  in  esteem 
;  by  mankind.      The  Analogy  of   Religion,   Natural  and 
i  Revealed,  to  the  constitution  and  course  of  nature,  ap- 
;  peared  in  the  same  year  in  which  the  author  was  made 
i  clerk  of  the  closet  to  Queen  Caroline.     This  work  is  less 
surprising  when  considered  as  the  production  of  the  same 
;  mind  which  twenty-five  years  before  (when  Butler  was  a 
i  youth  of  nineteen  at  the  Tewkesbury  Academy)  had  asto 
nished  Doctor  Clarke  with  the  profundity  of  its  disquisi- 
!  tions  on  his  Demonstration  of  the  Being  and  Attributes  of 
God.     It  has  been  remarked  that  "  the  same  reach  and 
|  sagacity  of  intellect  which  characterize  all  Butler's  subse- 
I  quent  performances  are  exhibited  to  the  greatest  advan 
tage  in  these  letters  to  Dr.  Clarke." 

The  Analogy  ever  "  since  its  first  publication,  has  been  univer 
sally  considered  as  beyond  comparison  the  ablest  treatise  on  the 
philosophy  of  religion.  As  a  preparation  for  the  student  of  the 
evidences  of  natural  and  revealed  religion,  it  is  invaluable;  since 
it  both  annihilates  the  most  formidable  a  priori  objections  of  the 
infidel,  and  is  admirably  fitted  to  form  the  mind  to  the  serious  and 
earnest  pursuit  of  truth.  To  good  men  of  a  speculative  turn  of 
mind,  who  are  tormented  by  the  frequent  recurrence  of  skeptical 
doubts,  it  has  always  proved  an  inestimable  blessing ;  and  even 
infidels  have  been  compelled  to  acknowledge  its  superlative  excel 
lence  as  a  piece  of  reasoning." 

';  Bishop  Butler  is  one  of  those  creative  geniuses  who  give  a  cha 
racter  to  their  times.  His  great  work,  The  Analogy  of  Religion, 
has  fixed  the  admiration  of  all  competent  judges  for  nearly  a  cen 
tury,  and  will  continue  to  be  studied  so  long  as  the  language  in 
which  he  wrote  endures.  The  mind  of  a  master  pervades  it.  ... 
There  are  in  his  writings  a  vastness  of  idea,  a  reach  and  generaliza 
tion  of  reasoning,  a  native  simplicity  and  grandeur  of  thought, 
which  command  and  fill  the  mind.  .  .  .  He  is  amongst  the  few  classic 
authors  of  the  first  rank  in  modern  literature.  He  takes  his  place 
with  Bacon  and  Pascal  and  Newton."— BP.  WILSON:  Pref.  to  Anal. 

Mr.  Hallam,  in  a  dissertation  of  considerable  length 
upon  Bishop  Cumberland's  De  Legibos  Naturae  Disqui- 
sitio  Philosophica,  shows  under  what  obligations  both 
Butler  and  Paley  rested  to  this  author.  (Introduction  to 
the  Lit.  Hist,  of  Europe.) 

Butler  quotes  the  following  observation  of  Origen's,  (Phi- 
local.,)  and  perhaps  we  may  consider  it  as  the  text  upon 
which  he  based  his  Analogy : 

"  He  who  believes  the  Scriptures  to  have  proceeded  from  Him  who 
is  the  author  of  Nature,  may  well  expect  to  find  the  same  sort  of 
difficulties  in  it  as  are  found  in  the  constitution  of  Nature." 

"  Others  had  established  the  historical  and  prophetical  grounds 
of  the  Christian  Religion,  and  that  sure  testimony  of  its  truth 
which  is  found  in  its  perfect  adaptation  to  the  heart  of  man:  it 
was  reserved  for  him  to  develope  its  analogy  to  the  constitution 
and  course  of  nature;  and,  laying  his  strong  foundations  in  the 
depth  of  that  great  argument,  there  to  construct  another  and  irre 
fragable  proof,  thus  rendering  Philosophy  subservient  to  Faith; 
and  finding  in  outward  and  visible  things,  the  type  and  evidence 
of  them  within  the  vail."— From  the  Epitaph  on  his  Monument  in 
Bristol  Cathedral. 

"To  a  mind  disposed  to  view  with  calmness,  humility,  and  re 
verence,  the  whole  system  of  providence,  so  far  as  it  is  permitted 
to  man  to  view  '  the  work  which  God  maketh  from  the  beginning 
to  the  end,'  Dr.  Butler  has  unfolded  the  analogy,  or  relation  of  the 
course  of  nature  to  religion,  by  which  all  things  are  found  to  pro 
ceed  in  harmony  from  Him,  who  hath  made  nothing  imperfect.  I 
think  this  great  performance  of  Butler  has  peculiar  force,  when  it 
is  considered  in  the  conclusion  of  our  religious  researches,  and  not 
as  part  of  the  original  proofs;  or  as  Lord  Bacon  expresses  himself, 
'  Tanquam  portum  et  Sabbathum  humanarum  contemplationum 
omnium.'  [De  Aug.  Scientiar.,  lib.  iii.]»— Pursuits  of  Literatitre. 

Dr.  Chalmers  pronounces  Bishop  Butler's  Sermons  to 
contain 

"  The  most  precious  repository  of  sound  ethical  principles  extant 
m  any  language." 

But  Dr.  Wardlaw,  in  his  Christian  Ethics,  designates 
Bishop  Butler's  moral  system  as  that  "of  Zeno  baptized 
into  Christ." 


BUT 

"  That  there  is  such  a  thing  as  a  course  of  nature  none  can  deny. 
This,  therefore,  is  the  ground  on  which  Butler  takes  his  stand, 
whereon  he  fixes  a  lever  that  shakes  the  strongholds  of  unbelief 
even  to  their  foundation;  for  on  comparing  this  scheme  of  nature 
with  the  scheme  of  revelation,  there  is  found  a  most  singular  cor 
respondence  between  the  several  parts,— such  a  correspondence  as 
gives  very  strong  reason  for  believing  that  the  author  of  one  is  the 
author  of  both. 

'What  if  earth 

Be  but  the  shadow  of  heaven,  and  things  therein 
Each  to  each  other  like,  more  than  on  earth  is  thought.' " 

See  Quarterly  Review,  vol.  xliii.  182. ' 

"  No  author  has  made  a  more  just  and, a  more  happy  use  of  this 
mode  of  reasoning  than  Bishop  Butler,  in  his  Analogy  of  Religion. 
...  In  that  excellent  work  the  author  does  not  ground  any  of  the 
truths  of  religion  upon  analogy  as  their  proper  evidence;  he  only 
makes  use  of  analogy  to  answer  objections  against  them.  When 
objections  are  made  against  the  truths  of  religion,  which  may  be 
made  with  equal  strength  against  what  we  know  to  be  true  in  the 
course  of  nature,  such  objections  can  have  no  weight." — Reid's 
Essays  on  the  Intellectual  Powers. 

Dr.  Reid  also  notices  in  his  Active  Powers,  Essay  3d, 
the  important  distinction  which  Bp.  Butler  makes 

"  Between  sudden  anger  or  resentment,  which  is  a  blind  impulse, 
arising  from  our  constitution,  and  that  which  is  deliberate.  The 
first  may  be  raised  by  hurt  of  any  kind;  but  the  last  can  only  be 
raised  by  injury,  real,  or  conceived.  Both  these  kinds  of  anger  or 
resentment  are  raised  whether  the  hurt  or  injury  be  done  to  our 
selves,  or  to  those  we  are  interested  in." 

To  the  Analogy  are  appended  two  dissertations :  1.  On 
Personal  Identity.  2.  On  the  Nature  of  Virtue.  In  the 
first,  Mr.  Locke's  account  of  personal  identity  is  considered 
and 

"  Refuted  in  a  style  which  shows  that  had  he  concentrated  his 
attention  upon  the  philosophy  of  the  human  mind,  he  might  have 
eclipsed  the  fame  of  some  of  the  greatest  metaphysicians.  In  the 
second,  he  propounds  and  illustrates  with  great  perspicuity  the 
same  theory  of  virtue  on  which  he  had  before  insisted  in  the  pre 
face  to  his  sermons." 

"  We  think  that  the  illustrious  Bishop  of  Durham  has  exhausted 
the  subject  [Personal  Identity]  by  stating  fairly  the  opinions  which 
he  controverts,  and  by  establishing  his  own  upon  a  foundation 
which  cannot  be  shaken,  and  which  are  certainly  not  injured  by 
the  objections  of  Mr.  Cooper." — Encyc.  Brit. 

Our  eminent  author  has  been  compared  with  the  cele 
brated  American  philosopher — Jonathan  Edwards. 

"Mr.  Edwards  comes  nearer  Bishop  Butler  as  a  philosophical 
divine  than  any  other  theologian  with  whom  we  are  acquainted. 
His  style,  like  Butler's,  is  very  much  that  of  a  man  thinking  aloud. 
In  both  these  authors,  the  train  of  thinking  in  their  own  minds  is 
more  clearly  exhibited  to  us  than  perhaps  by  any  other  author, 
whilst  they  show  us  with  great  truth  and  distinctness,  what  their 
notions  are,  and  how  they  came  by  them,  with  very  little  concern 
about  the  form  of  expression  in  which  they  are  conveyed.  Butler, 
however,  had  a  larger  mind  than  Edwards,  and  was  by  no  means 
so  much  of  a  mere  dialectician.  If,  therefore,  he  be  less  acute  than 
the  American,  he  is  more  comprehensive,  and  gives  fairer  play  to 
every  opposing  argument." — Encyc.  Brit. 

Lord  Kames,  speaking  of  devotion  as  being  natural  to 
man,  adds,  in  a  note, 

"  See  this  principle  beautifully  explained  and  illustrated  in  a  Ser 
mon  upon  the  Love  of  God,  by  Doctor  Butler,  Bishop  of  Durham. — 
a  writer  of  the  first  rank."— Sketches  of  the  History  of  Man,  vol.'iv. 
"  Every  reader  of  Butler's  Sermons  must  be  sensible,  that  they 
afford  an  admirable  proof  of  his  sasracitv  in  treating  moral  ques- 
tions.     We  cannot  but  think  that  what  he  hath  advanced,  on  the  ' 
several  subjects  discussed  by  him.  is  decisive ;  and  that  he  ought 
forever  to  have  silenced  those  philosophers  who  resolve  all  human  i 
actions  into  the  sole  principle  of  self-love.    It  should  be  remem-  ! 
bered,  that  our  author's  Sermons  are  chiefly  to  be  considered  as  phi 
losophical  and  moral  discourses,  addressed  to  a  select  auditory :  for 
they  can  by  no  means  be  regarded  as  general  models  of  preaching."  . 
The  obscurity  of  Butler's  style  has  been  frequently  ob-  '• 
jected  to.     And  yet  both  the  Sermons  and  the  Analogy  ! 
had  received  the  revision  of  the  accurate  and  perspicuous  ' 
Seeker.     Mainwaring,  in  his  Dissertation  on  the  Composi-  j 
tion  of  Sermons,  whilst  he  greatly  commended  Bishop  But-  | 
ler's  writings,  also  refers  to  this  imputed  want  of  clearness  ! 
of  style : 

"  Newton  and  Locke,  who  rescued  learning  from  the  slavery  of 
systems,  and  taught  men  to  think  for  themselves,  were  both  of  the 
laity,  and  both  friends  to  revealed  relisrion.  Since  their  time,  an 
other  writer  arose,  whoso  vein  of  thinking  is  alike  original,  and 
whose  works,  though  he  had  neither  the  gift  of  eloquence,  nor  the 
art  of  expressing  himself  with  grace  or  ease,  have  done  honour  to 
his  country  1  he  method  of  reasoning  he  chiefly  adopts,  is  an  ap 
peal  to  fects,  of  which  all  men  are  judges;  and  even  when  most 
abstruse  or  abstracted,  it  is  not  perplexed  or  fallacious.  For  nTJS, 
physics,  which  had  nothing  to  support  it  but  mere  abstraction  or 
shadowy  speculation,  Bishop  Butfer  hath  placed  on  the  fiWn  bas°s 
of  observation  and  experiment:  and,  by  pursuing  precisely  the 
same  mode  of  reasoning  in  the  science  of  morals,  as  his  great  pre 
decessor  f,ewton  had  done  in  the  system  of  nature,  hath  formed 
and  concluded  a  happy  alliance  between  faith  and  philosophy  The 
Sermons  he  published,  excepting  some  few  of  a  more  popular  cast 
are  deep  disquisitions  on  the  plan  of  his  Analogy,  Well  suited  to  a 
learned  audience,  in  an  age  so  fond  of  enquiry,  although  the  im 
propriety  of  preaching  them  appeared  to  him  to  require  some 
apology.  But  surely  such  an  exercise  of  the  understanding  if  the 
hearers  are  capable  of  it,  must  meliorate  the  heart.  Besides  I 
cannot  but  wish,  that,  as  there  is  so  great  an  abundance  of  the 
practical  sort,  some  sermons  were  written  chiefly  with  a  view  to 
314 


BUT 

'  readers  ;  and  those,  too,  persons  of  an  improved  taste,  and  culti 
vated  minds." 

Few  productions  of  the  human  mind  have  elicited  the 
labours  of  so  many  learned  commentators  as  have  em 
ployed  their  talents  in  the  exposition  of  Butler's  Analogy. 
We  notice  the  editions  of  (1)  Duke;  2.  Busby,  1840;  3. 
Pughe,  1842;  4.  Halifax,  last  ed.,  1844 ;  5.  Wilson,  7th  ed 
1846;  6.  Sir  G.  W.  Craufurd,  3d  ed.,  1847;  7.  Wilkinson^ 
1847;  last  ed.,  1853;  8.  Fitzgerald,  1848;  9.  Button,  last 
ed.,  1855;  10.  Angus,  1855;  11.  Gorle,  1857;  12.  Steere, 
1857.  To  these  may  be  added  the  American  edits,  •  13 
Bishop  Hobart;  14.  Rev.  B.  F.  Tefft;  15.  Rev.  Albert 
Barnes,  last  ed.,  (Lon.,)  1851;  16.  Rev.  Drs.  Emory  and 
Crooks,  1856;  17.  Howard  Malcom,  D.D.,  1857. 

11  His  great  work  on  the  Analogy  of  Religion  to  the  Course  of 
Nature,  though  only  a  commentary  on  the  singularly  original 
and  pregnant  passage  of  Origen,  which  is  so  honestly  prefixed  to  it 
as  a  motto,  is  notwithstanding,  the  most  original  and  profound 
work  extant  in  any  language,  on  the  Philosophy  of  Religion.  His 
ethical  discussions  are  contained  in  those  deep,  and  sometimes 
dark  Dissertations,  which  he  preached  at  the  Chapel  of  the  Rolls, 
and  afterwards  published  under  the  name  of  Sermons,  while  he 
was  yet  fresh  from  the  schools,  and  full  of  that  courage  with  which 
youth  often  delights  to  exercise  its  strength  in  abstract  reasoning, 
and  to  push  its  faculties  into  the  recesses  of  abstruse  speculation. 
...  In  these  sermons  he  has  taught  truths,  more  capable  of  being 
exactly  distinguished  from  the  doctrines  of  his  predecessors,  more 
satisfactorily  established  by  him,  more  comprehensively  applied 
to  particulars,  more  rationally  connected  with  each  other,  and 
therefore  more  worthy  of  the  name  of  discovery,  than  any  with 
which  we  are  acquainted;  if  we  ought  not,  with  some  hesitation, 
to  except  the  first  steps  of  the  Grecian  philosophers  towards  a 
theory  of  morals.  .  .  .  There  are  few  circumstances  more  remark 
able  than  the  small  number  of  Butler's  followers  in  Ethics ;  and 
it  is  perhaps  still  more  observable,  that  his  opinions  were  not  so 
much  rejected,  as  overlooked.  It  is  an  instance  of  the  importance 
of  style.  No  thinker  so  great  was  ever  so  bad  a  writer.  Indeed, 
the  ingenious  apologies  which  have  been  lately  attempted  for  this 
defect,  amount  to  no  more  than  that  his  power  of  thought  was  too 
much  for  his  skill  in  language.  How  general  must  the  reception 
have  been  of  truths  so  certain  and  momentous  as  those  contained 
in  Butler's  Discourses — with  how  much  more  clearness  must  they 
have  appeared  to  his  own  great  understanding,  if  he  had  possessed 
the  strength  and  distinctness  with  which  Hobbes  enforces  odious 
falsehood,  or  the  unspeakable  charm  of  that  transparent  diction 
which  clothed  the  unfruitful  paradoxes  of  Berkeley  1" — SIR  JAMES 
MACKINTOSH:  Id  Prelim.  Dissert,  to  Encyc.  Brit. 

From  the  preface  to  Dr.  Angus's  edit,  (which  the  Rev. 
Dr.  T.  H.  Home,  in  a  private  letter,  especially  commends 
as  worthy  of  our  attention)  we  extract  the  following: 

"I  know  of  no  author  who  has  made  a  more  just  and  happv  use 
of  analogical  reasoning  than  Bishop  Butler  in  his  '  Analogy  of  Re 
ligion.'  " — DR.  THOMAS  REID. 

"  The  most  original  and  profound  work  extant  in  any  language 
on  the  philosophy  of  religion." — SIR  J.  MACKINTOSH  :  Progress  of 
Eth.  Phil. 

"The  most  argumentative  and  philosophical  defence  of  Chris 
tianity  ever  submitted  to  the  world." — LORD  BROUGHAM  :  A  Disc, 
of  Nat.  Theol.,  p.  202. 

"The  author  to  whom  I  am  under  the  greatest  obligations  is 
Bishop  Butler."  '  The  whole  of  this  admirable  treatise — one  of  the 
most  remarkable  that  any  language  can  produce— is  intended  to 
show  that  the  principles  of  moral  government  taught  in  the  Scrip 
tures  are  strictly  analogous  to  those  everywhere  exhibited  in  the 
government  of  the  world  as  seen  in  natural  religion."— DR.  WAT- 
LAND  :  Moral  Phil.,  p.  5 ;  JnteJl.  Phil.,  p.  338. 

"  I  am  ready  to  acknowledge  that  I  trace  so  distinctly  to  his 
writings  the  origin  of  the  soundest  and  clearest  views  that  I  pos 
sess  upon  the  nature  of  the  human  mind,  that  I  could  not  write 
upon  this  or  any  kindred  subject  without  a  consciousness  that  I 
was,  directly  or  indirectly,  borrowing  largely  from  him."— DR. 
O'BRIEN:  Sermons  on  the  Human  Nature  of  our  Lord. 

"  It  is  from  this  book  that  I  have  been  confirmed  in  many  truths 
of  which  it  does  not  speak  a  word  and  which  probably  never 
entered  the  mind  of  the  author." — DR.  McCRiE:  Life,  p.  84. 

"I  have  derived  greater  aid  from  the  views  and  reasonings  of 
Bishop  Butler  than  I  have  been  able  to  find  besides  in  the  whole 
range  of  our  extant  authorship."— DR.  CHALMERS:  Bridgewater 
Treatise,  Pref. 

"I  am  more  indebted  to  his  writings  than  to  those  of  any  other 
uninspired  writer  for  the  insight  which  I  have  been  enabled  to 
attain  into  the  motives  of  the  divine  economy  and  the  foundations 
of  moral  obligation." — DR.  KATE,  Bishop  of  Lincoln:  Some  Re- 
mains  of,  by  J.  B.,  1858. 

"I  am  an  entire  disciple  of  Butler." — CECIL:  Remains,  p.  195. 
Butler,  Lilly,  D.  D.,  Vicar  of  St.  Mary,  Alderman- 
bury,   London,   1691 ;    Prebendary  of  Canterbury.     Ser 
mons,  pub.  separately,  1691-1716. 

Butler,  Piers  Edmund,  Curate  of  St.  Margaret's, 
Ipswich.  The  Rationality  of  Revealed  Religion  illustrated 
in  a  Series  of  Sermons,  <fcc.,  Ipswich,  1835,  12mo. 

Butler,  Robert,  M.D.  Blood-letting,  Lon.,  1734,8vo. 

Butler,  S.    An  Essay  upon  Education,  Lon.,  «.  a.,  8vo. 

Butler,  Samuel,  1612-1680,  the  author  of  Hudibras, 

was  a  native  of  Strensham,  a  parish  in  Worcestershire. 

He  was  sent  to  the  cathedral  school  in  Worcestershire,  and 

thence,  it  is  said,  to  Cambridge,  but  to  what  college  is  not 

known.     Returning  home,  he  became  a  clerk  to  Mr.  Jef- 

feries  of  Earls  Crooinbe,  which  situation  he  was  so  fortunate 


BUT 

as  to  exchange  for  a  place  in  the  household  of  Elizabeth, 
Countess  of  Kent,  where  he  made  the  acquaintance  and 
friendship  of  her  ladyship's  steward,  the  great  Selden. 
This  intimacy  was  no  doubt  improved  by  Butler  to  his  in 
tellectual  profit.  We  subsequently  find  him  an  inmate  in 
the  family  of  Sir  Samuel  Luke,  a  gentleman  of  Bedford 
shire,  and  a  commander  of  note  under  Cromwell.  Sir 
Samuel  is  the  original  of  Hudibras.  After  the  Restora 
tion  he  was  made  secretary  to  Richard,  Earl  of  Carbury, 
(the  friend  of  JEREMY  TAYLOR,  q.  v.,)  who  appointed  him 
steward  of  Ludlow  Castle.  He  became  united  in  marriage 
about  this  time  to  a  Mrs.  Herbert,  a  lady  of  fortune,  which 
was  lost  by  unfortunate  investments.  In  1663  he  pub.  the 
1st  part  of  Hudibras;  2d  part,  1664;  3d  part,  1G78  ;  more 
was  doubtless  intended,  for  the  poem  is  unfinished,  and 
ends  abruptly.  Three  parts,  Lon.,  1700,  and  1710,  1716, 
1720,  12mo.  With  large  Annotations,  and  a  preface  by 
Dr.  Z.  Grey,  and  plates  by  Hogarth,  Camb.,  1744,  2  vols. 
8vo,  and  1819,  3  vols.  8vo.  With  an  addit.  vol.  of  Notes 
by  Dr.  Nash,  Lon.,  1793,  3  vols.  4to ;  new  edit,  illustrated, 
Lon.,  1847,  2  vols.  8vo.  Trans,  into  French  by  Townley, 
Lon.,  1757,  3  vols.  12mo,  and  1819,  3  vola.  12rno,  with 
Notes  by  Larcher : 

"  Hudibras  has  been  admirably  translated  into  Voltaire's  own 
language  by  an  English  gentleman,  (J.  Townley,)  whose  version 
displays  a  singular  union  of  spirit  and  fidelity." 

"  Scarron  is  among  French  writers  what  Butler  is  amongst  our 
own." 

Dr.  Grey's  edit,  has  been  highly  commended  : 
"The  best  critical  edition  of  this  author  was  by  Dr.  Grey,  in 
1744;  a  performance  replete  with  curious,  interesting,  and  accu 
rate  historical  and  bibliographical  intelligence.  I  rarely  open 
this  book  without  rising  gratified  by  its  perusal."— DibdMs  Li 
brary  Companion. 

Dr.  Nash's  edit.,  illustrated  by  60  engraved  Portraits, 
and  numerous  fine  wood-cuts,  including  the  noted  frontis 
piece  styled  by  Dr.  Dibdin,  "among  the  miracles  of  modern 
art,"  is  a  beautiful  book : 

"  The  introduction  of  so  many  portraits  of  interesting  person 
ages,  must  give  the  best  recommendation  these  volumes  can  ob 
tain  to  the  library  of  the  man  of  taste." — Lrm.  Art  Union  Journal. 
Mr.  A.  Ramsay  has  also  edited  an  edit,  in  1  vol. : 
"  A  careful  analysis,  with  ample  extracts ;  such  as  may  be  read 
with  pleasure  by  the  most  fastidious." — Lon.  Atliencvum. 

In  1715  appeared  what  is  called  The  Posthumous  Works 
of  Samuel  Butler,  in  3  vols.  12mo.  Of  this  collection  of 
50  pieces,  three  only  are  genuine.  An  authentic  collec 
tion  was  pub.  by  Mr.  R.  Thyer  in  1759,  2  vols.  8vo,  en 
titled,  Genuine  Remains  in  Prose  and  Verse,  with  Notes. 

"  These  remains  do  not  answer  my  expectations,  and  as  for  the 
editor,  he  is  always  in  the  wrong  where  there  was  a  possibility  of 
mistaking." — BISHOP  WARBURTON. 

Perhaps  the  best  of  Butler's  prose  works  are  the  Cha 
racters,  (vol.  2d,)  in  the  style  of  Earle,  Hall,  and  Over- 
bury.  The  best-known  of  his  poetical  pieces,  after  Hudi 
bras,  is  The  Elephant  in  the  Moon,  a  satire  on  the  Royal 
Society.  It  has  been  generally  supposed  that  Butler  spent 
his  last  years  in  great  destitution,  though  this  has  been 
denied;  but  as  his  friend  Mr.  Longueville  buried  him  at 
his  own  expense,  there  is  little  doubt  of  the  truth  of  this 
melancholy  story.  Indeed,  Oldham's  authority  settles  the 
question.  It  is  known  that  Hudibras  was  "  the  chief  en 
tertainment  of  Charles  II.,  who  often  pleasantly  quoted  it 
in  conversation,"  and  it  is  said  that  his  majesty  ordered 
Butler  the  sum  of  £3000,  but  the  order  being  written 'in 
figures,  somebody,  through  whose  hands  it  passed,  by  cut 
ting  off  a  cypher,  reduced  it  to  £300.  Dr.  Johnson  re 
marks,  "  all  that  can  be  told  with  certainty  is,  that  he 
•was  poor." 

The  general  design  of  Hudibras  is  borrowed  from  Don 
Quixote.  Butler's  hero  is  a  Presbyterian  Justice  of  the 
Peace,  [Sir  Samuel  Luke,]  who,  "in  the  confidence  of 
legal  authority,  and  the  rage  of  zealous  ignorance,  ranges 
the  country  to  repress  superstition  and  current  abuses,  ac 
companied  by  an  Independent  Clerk,  [Squire  Ralpho,] 
disputatious  and  obstinate,  with  whom  he  often  debates, 
but  never  conquers  him." 

"  If  inexhaustible  wit  could  give  perpetual  pleasure,  no  eye 
would  ever  leave  half- read  the  work  of  Butler:  for  what  poet  has 
ever  brought  so  many  remote  images  so  happily  together?  It  is 
scarcely  possible  to  peruse  a  page  without  finding  some  association 
of  images  that  was  never  found  before.  By  the  first  paragraph  the 
reader  is  amused,  by  the  next  he  is  delighted,  and  by  a  few  more 
strained  to  astonishment ;  but  astonishment  is  a  tiresome  plea 
sure  ;  he  is  soon  weary  of  wondering,  and  longs  to  be  diverted." — 
DR.  JOHNSON  :  Life  of  Butler. 

"  Concerning  Hudibras  there  is  but  one  sentiment — it  is  uni 
versally  allowed  to  be  the  first  and  last  poem  of  its  kind ;  the 
learning,  wit,  and  humour,  certainly  stand  unrivalled:  various 
have  been  the  attempts  to  describe  and  define  the  two  last.  .  . 
If  any  one  wishes  to  know  what  wit  and  humour  are.  let  him  read 
Hndibras  with  attention ;  he  will  there  see  them  displayed  in  the 
brightest  colours:  there  is  lustre  resulting  from  the  quick  eluci- 


BUT 

dation  of  an  object,  by  a  just  and  unexpected  arrangement  of  it 
.i;h  another  subject :  propriety  of  words,  and  thoughts  elegantly 
dapted  to  the  occasion:  objects  which  possess  an  affinity  or  con- 
gruity,  or  sometimes  a  contrast  to  each  other,  assembled  with 
quickness  and  variety ;  in  short,  every  ingredient  of  wit  or  of  hu 
mour,  which  critics  have  discovered  on  dissecting  them,  may  be 
bund  in  this  poem." — REV.  DR.  NASH  :  Preface  to  Hud. bras. 

Sir  Walter  Scott  describes  the  poetry  of  Butler  as  being 
merely  the  comedy  of  that  style  of  composition  which 
Donne  and  Cowley  practised  in  its  more  serious  form.  See 
Scott's  Life  of  Dryden. 

Hudibras  was  incomparably  more  popular  than  Paradise  Lost; 
no  poem  in  our  language  rose  at  once  to  greater  reputation.  Nor 
can  this  be  called  ephemeral,  like  that  of  most  political  poetry. 
For  at  least  half  a  century  after  its  publication  it  was  generally 
read,  and  perpetually  quoted.  The  wit  of  Butler  has  still  pre 
served  many  lines;  but  Hudibras  now  attracts  comparatively  few 
readers.  The  eulogies  of  Johnson  seem  rather  adapted  to  what 
he  remembered  to  have  been  the  fame  of  Butler,  than  to  the  feel- 
_ngs  of  the  surrounding  generation;  and  since  his  time,  new 
sources  of  amusement  have  sprung  up,  and  writers  of  a  more  in 
telligible  pleasantry  have  superseded  those  of  the  seventeenth 
century.  In  the  fiction  of  Hudibras  there  was  never  much  to  di 
vert  the  reader,  and  there  is  still  less  left  at  present.  But  what 
has  been  censured  as  a  fault,  the  length  of  dialogue,  which  puts 
the  fiction  out  of  sight,  is  in  fact  the  source  of  all  the  pleasure  that 
the  work  affords.  The  sense  of  Butler  is  masculine,  his  wit  inex 
haustible,  and  it  is  supplied  from  every  source  of  reading  and  ob 
servation.  But  these  sources  are  often  so  unknown  to  the  reader 
that  the  wit  loses  its  effect  through  the  obscurity  of  its  allusions, 
and  he  yields  to  the  bane  of  wit,  a  purblind,  mole-like  pedantry. 
His  versification  is  sometimes  spirited,  and  his  rhymes  humorous; 
yet  he  wants  that  ease  and  flow  which  we  require  in  light  poetry." 
— HALLAM  :  Jntroduct.  to  Lit.  History. 

Mr.  Hallam's  critique  has  not  itself  escaped  criti 
cism,  but  we  consider  the  opinions  above  quoted  as  very 
just.  It  may  be  true,  as  alleged,  that  to  the  historical 
reader  the  events  of  the  Revolution  are  generally  well 
known,  but  even  the  historian  must  tax  his  recollection  in 
reading  Hudibras,  and  there  can  be  little  opportunity  for 
amusement  when  the  mind  is  engaged  in  coaxing  the  me 
mory.  Hudibras  is  a  work  to  be  studied  once,  and  gleaned 
occasionally.  It  may  continue  neglected,  but  can  never 
be  entirely  forgotten. 

Butler,  Samuel,  1774-1840,  a  native  of  Kenilworth, 
Warwickshire,  was  educated  at  Rugby  School  and  St.  John's 
College,  Cambridge,  where  he  was  highly  distinguished 
for  his  classical  proficiency,  obtaining  two  of  Sir  William 
Browne's  medals  for  the  Latin  odes,  and  one  for  the  Greek, 
and  being  elected  Craven  scholar  in  1793,  against  Keate, 
Bethell,  and  Coleridge.  He  was  elected  a  Fellow  of  his 
College  in  1797;  appointed  head-master  of  Shrewsbury 
School,  1798  ;  Bishop  of  Lichfield,  1836.  The  bishop  pub. 
a  number  of  works,  consisting  of  classical  treatises,  ser 
mons,  tracts  against  Priestley,  (pub.  1783,  '84,  '86 ;  3d  edit., 
1812,)  and  several  geographical  works,  which  have  had 
large  circulation.  A  new  edit,  of  his  Atlas  of  A.  and  M. 
Geography,  edited  by  his  son,  was  pub.  in  1853,  2  vols. 
His  most  important  undertaking  was  his  edit,  of  jEschylus, 
for  which  arduous  duty  he  was  specially  selected  about  the 
time  of  his  appointment  to  the  mastership  of  Shrewsbury 
School.  This  elaborate  work  was  pub.  in  4  vols.  4to ;  also 
in  6  vols.  8vo,  1806-12.  See  a  list  of  this  worthy  and 
learned  prelate's  publications  in  the  Gent.  Mag.,  February, 
1840.  The  Bishop's  Discourse  on  Christian  Liberty 
(Shrewsbury,  8vo)  has  been  praised  as 

"  An  able  sermon.  This  eminent  scholar  seems  to  have  a  clear 
insight  into  the  free  constitution  of  Christianity.  He  is  equally 
the  enemy  of  superstition  and  of  intolerance." — Lon.  Monthly  Ke- 
pository. 

Butler,  Samuel.  The  Australian  Emigrant's  Com 
plete  Guide,  18mo. 

"  We  have  not  seen  any  single  work,  great  or  small,  where  so 
large  a  body  of  really  useful  and  practical  information  was  to  be 
found  as  in  this  little  volume."—  The  Scotsman. 

"We  recommend  the  Australian  Emigrant's  Guide  strongly  for 
perusal." — Dumfries  Times. 

Emigrant's  Complete  Guide  to  Canada. 

"  Whether  we  regard  the  amount  of  the  information,  or  the 
manner  in  which  it  is  condensed  and  arranged,  we  must  say  Mr. 
Butler  has  done  good  service  to  the  cause  of  Emigration." — Green. 
Advertiser. 

Butler,  Captain  T.  The  Little  Bible  of  the  Man. 
"Printed  in  the  first  year  of  England's  Liberty,  1649." 
In  this  singular  little  volume  the  progress  of  the  Chris 
tian's  Life  is  characterized  under  the  several  Books  of  the 
Bible,  from  Genesis  to  Isaiah. 

Butler,  Thomas,  Doctor  of  the  Canon  and  Civil 
Laws.  A  Treatise  of  the  Holy  Sacrifice  of  the  Altar,  called 
the  Masse,  Lon.,  1570,  16mo,  from  the  Italian. 

Butler,  Thomas,  M.D.  A  Method  of  procuring  any 
quantity  of  Fresh  Water  at  Sea,  Lon.,  1755,  8vo. 

"  Dr.  B.'s  plan  is  to  add  a  quart  of  strong  soap  leys  to  fifteen 
gallons  of  salt  water,  which  will  yield  twelve  gallons  of  fresh  wa 
ter,  by  distillation."— DR.  WATT  :  Bill.  Brit. 


BUT 


BUT 


Butler,  Weeden,  1742-1823,  a  native  of  Margate,  ' 
was  curate  to  the  celebrated  Dr.  Dodd,  and  his  successor 
at  Charlotte  Chapel,  Pimlico.     He  kept  a  classical  school  , 
at  Chelsea  for  40  years,  and — to  his  praise  be  it  spoken —  j 
"planned  and  instituted  the  SUNDAY  SCHOOL  of  that  pa-  | 
rish."      He  pub.  Sermons,  1798,  '99 ;  Memoirs  of  Mark  | 
Hildesley,  D.D.,  Lord  Bishop  of  Sodor  and  Man,  1799; 
of  the  Rev.  Dr.  Stanhope,  Dean  of  Canterbury ;  Jortin's 
Tracts,  1790,  2  vols.  8vo;   The  Cheltenham   Guide,  8vo, 
and  Wilcock's  Roman  Conversations,  1797,  2  vols.  8vo. 

Butler,  Weeden,  Jr.,  son  of  the  above,  and  also  a 
divine.  The  French  Republic  and  the  Helvetic  Body; 
trans,  from  the  French,  Lon.,  1794,  8vo.  Bagatelles,  1795, 
8vo.  The  Wrongs  of  Unterwalden,  trans.,  1799,  8vo. 
Zimao,  the  African;  trans.,  Lon.,  1800,  8vo;  2d  edit.,  1807, 
12mo. 

Butler,  William,  Prebendary  of  St.  Paul's.     Ser 
mons  pub.  separately,  1704,  '12,  '15,  '19,  '22,  '23,  '24,  '29. 
Butler,  William,  1748-1822,  a  native  of  St.  John's, 
near  Worcester,  was  long  a  well-known  teacher  of  writing 
and  geography,  and  pub.  several  school-books  which  have 
been  used  for  many  years  in  the  schools  of  England.     In- 
troduc.  to  Arithmetic,  1785,  8vo.     Arithmet.  Questions  on 
a  new  plan,  1795,  8vo. 
"  In  a  book  of  common  Arithmetic  we  did  not  expect  to  find 

that  variety  of  information  which  this  work  contains As  a 

book  of  general  instruction  and  amusement,  altogether  uncon 
nected  with  arithmetical  rules,  it  does  honour  to  the  compiler, 
and  deserves  to  be  remembered." — Lon.  Monthly  Review,  vol.  xxii., 
New  Series. 

Also  see  commendations  in  the  Monthly  Preceptor,  vol. 
vi. ;  European  Mag.,  vol.  i. ;  Dr.  Willich's  Domestic  En 
cyclopedia;  Edgeworth's  Practical  Education. 

Chronological,  Biographical,  Historical,  and  Miscellane 
ous  Exercises  on  a  new  plan,  designed  for  daily  use,  1798, 
12mo. 

"  We  have  seldom  seen  such  a  quantity  of  useful  information  in 
so  small  a  compass." — British  Critic,  vol.  xxx. 

"  It  does  great  credit  to  the  information  and  industry  of  its  au 
thor." — Eclectic  Review,  vol.  vi. 

See  also  Critical  Review;  Monthly  Review;  Literary 
Panorama;  Gent.  Mag. 

Exercises  on  the  Globes,  1798,  12mo. 
"  One  of  the  best  books  of  the  kind  that  have  come  before  us." 
—British  Critic. 

"  It  would  be  difficult  to  fix  upon  any  book  of  equal  size  that 
contains  so  much  interesting  matter  on  almost  every  subject." — 
A.ikin's  Annual  Review,  vol.  vii. 

See  Monthly  Review ;  Ladies'  Monthly  Museum ;  Monthly 
Visiter;  European  Mag. 

Arithmetical  Tables,  1802,  32mo. 

"  Various  tables,  with  which  it  is  necessary  that  the  minds  of 
both  sexes  should  be  made  thoroughly  acquainted." — Monthly 
Visitor. 

Geographical  Exercises  on  the  N.  Testament,  1813, 12mo. 
"  He  gathers  flowers  from  the  fields  and  gardens  to  strew  the 
path  of  learning,  and  encourage  the  progress  of  the  student." — 
Evangelical  Mag.,  1814. 

See  European  Mag. ;  Literary  Panorama. 
Butler,  William  Allen,  b.  1825,  a  native  of  Albany, 
New  York,  and  son  of  Benjamin  F.  Butler,  late  Attorney- 
General  of  the  United  States,  graduated  at  the  New  York 
University  in  1843.  He  travelled  in  Europe  from  July, 
1846,  to  December,  1848,  and  on  his  return  commenced 
the  practice  of  the  law  in  the  city  of  New  York.  Mr. 
Butler  has  contributed  a  number  of  papers  to  the  Demo 
cratic  Review,  and  The  Literary  World. 

"  He  has  wit.  and  humour,  a  lively  fancy,  and  a  style  natural 
and  flexible,  abounding  in  felicities  of  expression.  In  general,  he 
writes  hastily,  and  finishes  a  piece  at  a  sitting."— Griswold's  Poets 
and  Poetry  r,f  America. 

The  poetical  piece  entitled  The  Incognita  of  Raphael, 
possesses  great  beauty,  and  will  remind  the  reader  of  one 
of  the  most  celebrated  compositions  of  modern  times. 

Nothing  to  Wear:  an  Episode  of  City  Life,  N.  York, 
1857,  18mo  :  many  edits,  in  England  and  America. 

"The  nonsense,  on  the  whole,  is  good  nonsense;  and  we  have 
quoted  it  [entire]  in  order  that  the  grave  reader  may  find  some 
thing  in  to-day's  number  of  the  Athenxum  that  he  may  safely 
Skip  if  he  pleases."— Lon.  Athen.,  1857,  1320. 

Two  Millions  :  a  Satire,  1853,  12mo.  Not  without  merit, 
but  exhibiting  preat  carelessness  in  versification. 

Butler,  William  Archer,  1814-1848,  a  native  of 
Annerville,  near  Clonmel,  Ireland.  He  was  born  and  edu 
cated  a  Roman  Catholic,  but  became  a  Protestant,  and 
entered  Trinity  College,  Dublin,  in  which  institution  he 
was  appointed  (the  first)  Professor  of  Moral  Philosophy  in 
1837.  1.  Serms.,  with  a  Memoir  by  Rev.  (Dean)  Thomas 
Woodward,  DubL,  1849,  8vo ;  3d  ed.,  Lon.,  1855  8vo  • 
Phila.,  1856,  12mo;  2d  Series,  Camb.,  1855,  8vo;  Phila.I 
1857,  8vo :  see  JEREMIE,  JAMES  AMERIAUX,  D.D.,  No.  4. 


2.  Letters  on  the  Development  of  Christian  Doctrine :   a 
Reply  to  J.  H.  Newman,  D.D.,  [q.  ».,  No.  14,]  edited  by 
Dean  Woodward,  Dubl.,  1850,  8vo ;  1854,  8vo  ;   1856,  8vo. 

3.  Letters  on  Romanism  :   a  Reply  to  Cardinal  Wiseman, 
edited  by  Dean  Woodward,  Lon.,  1854,  8vo ;    1856,  8vo. 

4.  Lects.  on  the  Hist,  of  Ancient  Philosophy,  edited,  with 
Notes,  by  Wm.  Hepworth  Thompson,  Camb.,  1856,  2  vols. 
8vo ;  Phila.,  1857,  2  vols.  8vo. 

"I  have  seen  enough  of  them  to  be  convinced  of  their  great 
scientific  value,  and  am  much  gratified  in  finding  so  important  a 
subject  treated  with  so  much  learning  and  acuteness." — SIR  WM. 
HAMILTON,  Professor  of  Logic  and  Metaphysics,  Edinburgh. 
Also  commended  by  the  Lon.  Examiner. 
Butler,  William  John,  Vicar  of  Wantage.     Lec 
tures  on  the  Prophecies,  1838,  12mo.     25  Serms.,  1847. 

Butler,  Maj. -General  William  O.,  of  Kentucky, 
is  the  author  of  a  number  of  poetical  pieces ;  of  which  The 
Boat  Horn  is  one  of  the  most  popular. 
Butley,  John.     Sermons,  1746,  '48,  '54,  8vo. 
Butt,  George.     Sermons,  1775,  '76,  '85,  '93,  8vo. 
Butt,  Isaac.     Lectures  on  Protection  to  Home  Indus 
try,  Oxf.,  8vo.     The  Poor  Law  Bill  for  Ireland  Examined, 
Lon.,  1837,  8vo. 

"  A  clever,  well-written  pamphlet,  which  deserved  more  atten 
tion  than  it  appears  to  have  met  with." — McCulloch's  Lit.  of  Polit. 
Economy. 

Butt,  J.  M.  Queries  on  the  Doctrine  of  the  Church 
of  England  respecting  Baptism,  &c.,  Oxf.,  1824,  12mo. 

"  A  very  useful  little  work,  compiled  by  a  sound  and  learned 
divine." — Lowndes's  Brit.  Libr. 

Butt,  James  Strode.  Mathemat.  Con.  to  Nic. 
Jour.,  1806. 

Butt,  John  Marten.  The  Revelation  of  St.  John, 
1804.  Prophecy  of  Daniel,  Lon.,  1807,  18mo.  The  Last 
Vision  of  Daniel,  1808,  ISrno.  The  Divinity  of  the  Apo 
calypse,  1809, 12mo. 

Butt,  Martha  Haines,  b.  1834,  Va.     Anti-Fanati 
cism  ;  a  tale  of  the  South.     Contrib.  to  numerous  journals. 
Butt,  R.  G.     1.  Appeal  to  the  Public.     2.  Sherborne 
Castle,  and  other  Poems,  1815,  '16. 

Butt,  Thomas,  Rector  of  Kinnersley,  and  Curate  of 
Trentham.     Serms.   preached   in   the   Parish   Church   of 
Trentham,  Lon.,  1838,  8vo. 
Buttan,  Christopher,  D.D.     Sermon,  1808. 
Butter,  Alex.,  Surg.    Con.  to  Edin.  Med.  Ess.,  1734. 
Butter,  Mrs.  H.     Vensenshon;   or,  Love's  Mazes, 
1806,  3  vols. 

Butter,  Henry.  Key  to  the  Old  Testament,  1817,  8vo. 
Butter,  William,  M.D.,  1726-1805,  studied  at  Edin 
burgh,  practised   at  Derby,   and  afterwards  at  London. 
Cure  for  the  Stone,   Edin.,  1754,  12mo.     Dissertatio  do 
Frigore   quatenus    Morborum   Causa,    Edin.,    1757,    8vo. 
j  Dissertatio  Medica  et  Chirurgica  de  Arteriotamia,  Edin., 
i  1761,  8vo.     Treatise   on  the  Infantile  Remittent  Fever, 
Lon.,  1 782,  8vo.     Other  profess,  treatises. 

Butterfield.  Microscopes  and  Magnetic  Sand,  Phil. 
Trans.,  1698,  Ac. 

Butterfield,  Henry,  of  Trinity  Church,  Newington. 
Homilies  for  earnest  Inquirers,  Lon.,  1839,  12mo. 

Butterfield,  Swithurne.  A  Summarie  of  the  Prin 
ciples  of  Christian  Religion,  Lon.,  1582,  8vo.  Catechisine, 
1590,  8vo. 

Butterman,  W.  Arithmetical  Works,  1805,  '06, 12mo. 
Butterworth.     Works  on  Writing  and  Arithmetic. 
Butterworth,  John.     A  New  Concordance  and  Diet 
of  the  Holy  Scriptures,  1767,  '85;  and  3d  edit,  by  Dr. 
Adam  Clarke,  with  alterations,  1816,  8vo. 

"  This  is  in  a  great  measure  a  judicious  and  valuable  abridg 
ment  of  Mr.  Cruden's  Concordance.  Singular  pains  were  bestowed 
by  its  compiler,  in  order  to  insure  correctness,  by  collating  every 
word  and  reference  in  the  proof  sheets  with  the  several  texts  of 
the  Bible."—  T.  H.  Home's  Jntroduc. 

Butterworth,  Lawrence.  Superexcellency  of  the 
Christian  Religion  Displayed,  Ac.,  1784,  8vo.  Thoughts 
on  Moral  Government  and  Agency,  1792,  8vo.  In  these 
treatises  the  views  of  Mr.  Lindsey  and  Dr.  Priestley  are 
criticized. 

Buttes,  Henry?  Fellow  of  Christ  Church,  Oxford. 
Dyet's  Dry  Dinner :  consisting  of  eight  seueral  Courses. 
1.  Fruites.  2.  Hearbes.  3.  Flesh.  4.  Fish.  5.  Whit- 
meats.  6.  Spice.  7.  Sauce.  8.  Tobacco.  All  serued  in 
after  the  order  of  Time  Vniuersall,  Lon.,  1599,  16mo. 

See  a  portrait  of  the  author  of  this  curious  work  in 
Harding's  Biographical  Mirror. 

Button,  Edward.  Trans,  of  the  Persian  Tables,  1754. 
Button,  John.  Poems,  1804, 4to,  and  a  vol.,1809,12mo. 
Button,  William,  a  Baptist  minister.     Remarks  on 
"  The  Gospel  of  Christ  worthy,  &c.,"  1785,  12mo.     A  Dic 
tionary  of  the  Bible,  1796. 


BUT 

"Button's Diet,  of  the  Bible,  compared  with  Brown's,  is  not  un 
like  Butterworth's  Concordance  compared  with  Cruden's:  com 
prising  much  useful  matter  in  a  small  space." — DR.  E.  WILLIAMS. 

"  By  means  of  a  very  small,  but  clear,  type,  a  vast  quantity  of 
matter  is  comprised  within  the  compass  of  this  little  volume.  The 
book,  without  doubt,  may  be  serviceable  to  many."— British  Critic, 
O.  &,  x.  201. 

Buttonshaw,  Thomas.  A  Defense  of  Bishop 
Hoadly's  Plain  Account  of  the  Nature  and  End  of  the 
Lord's  Supper,  Lon.,  1747,  8vo. 

Butts,  Robert,  Bishop  of  Norwich,  1732,  '33,  trans, 
to  Ely,  1738.  Sermon  on  the  Accession,  1712,  4to;  ditto 
before  the  House  of  Lords,  1737,  4to.  Charge  to  his 
Clergy,  1740,  4to. 

Buxton,  Charles.  Memoirs  of  Sir  Thomas  Fowell 
Buxton,  Bart.,  with  selections  from  his  correspondence,  by 
his  son ;  3d  edit.,  Lon.,  1851,  8vo. 

"  The  editor  has  been  contented  to  rely  as  far  as  possible  on  the 
correspondence  and  diaries  in  bis  possession,  and  the  anecdotes 
furnished  by  a  few  elder  friends :  but  both  classes  of  material  well 
deserved  in  this  case  the  advantage  of  a  neat  setting,  and  have  re 
ceived  it.  ...  It  is  highly  creditable  for  his  son  to  have  produced 
thus  early  a  biography  generally  clear,  yet  seldom  profuse — and 
though  shewing  entire  sympathy  with  the-  course  portrayed, 
hardly  ever  using  language  that  will  offend  any  candid  reader." — 
Lon.  Quarterly  Review,  June,  1848. 

"  One  of  the  most  thoroughly  well-written  pieces  of  biography 
that  have  issued  from  the  modern  press." — Evangelical  Mag. 

"The  memoirs  will  teach  the  world  to  do  full  justice  to  the  cha 
racter  of  a  true  English  gentleman." — Lon.  Daily  News. 

Vide  post. 

Buxton,  Isaac,  M.D.  Regulated  Temperature  for 
Invalids'  Chambers,  Lon.,  1810,  8vo. 

Buxton,  Jarvis  Baring,  late  Rector  of  St.  John's 
Church,  Fayetteville,  N.  Carolina.  Parish  Serms.,  N.Y.,  8vo. 

"The  style  of  these  discourses  is  nervous  and  unambitious: 
they  are  marked  by  sincerity  and  piety,  and  a  full  persuasion  that 
the  preacher  is  delivering  to  his  hearers  the  true  meaning  of  the 
Sacred  Scriptures.  It  is  an  excellent  volume  for  the  instruction 
of  the  laity,  and  should  find  its  place  in  every  parish  library.  The 
younger  clergy  may  with  profit  master  the  sound  doctrine  here 
contained,  and  study  to  catch  the  glow  of  spirit  and  the  devotion 
to  the  church  which  are  exhibited  on  every  page."— New  York 
Churchman. 

Buxton,  Richard.  Guide  to  Flowering  Plants  near 
Manchester,  Lon.,  1849,  12mo. 

Buxton,  Sir  Thomas  Fowell,  1786-1845,  one  of 
the  noblest  examples  of  philanthropic  zeal  of  modern 
times,  was  a  native  of  Earl's  Colne,  Essex ;  M.P.  for 
Weymouth,  1818-1837;  created  a  baronet,  1840.  In  con 
junction  with  his  sister-in-law,  Elizabeth  Fry,  and  his 
brother-in-law,  Mr.  Hoare,  he  personally  laboured  in  the 
important  cause  of  Prison  Discipline.  As  the  successor 
of  William  Wilberforce,  in  his  praiseworthy  efforts  to 
abolish  the  Slave  Trade,  Mr.  Buxton's  persevering  and 
successful  labours  are  well  known.  He  pub.  an  Inquiry 
whether  Crime  and  Misery  are  Produced  or  Prevented  by 
our  Present  System  of  Prison  Discipline,  Lon.,  1818,  8vo  ; 
4th  edit.,  Edin.,  1818,  Svo;  and  a  treatise  on  the  African 
Slave-Trade,  8vo ;  several  edits. 

"In  1840  he  was  created  a  baronet, — a  dignity  to  which  his 
public  character  and  large  private  fortune  well  entitled  him,  but 
which  he  accepted  rather  as  an  acknowledgment  of  merit  rendered 
valuable  by  the  slanderous  attacks  which  had  been  made  upon 
him  than  as  an  object  of  personal  ambition.  No  man  was  more 
exempt  from  vanity  than  Sir  Thomas  Fowell  Buxton :  his  manners 
were  too  plain  and  his  mind  was  too  elevated  for  such  a  puerility. 
Buxton's  great  merit  as  a  public  man  consisted  in  his  industry,  ^is 
energy,  and  his  straightforward  honesty  of  purpose.  He  never 
affected  display,  for  he  had  the  good  taste  to  despise  it ;  yet  he  was 
always  favourably  heard,  not  only  because  he  was  the  acknow 
ledged  head  of  the  religious  party,  but  because  his  statements 
were  stamped  with  authority:  they  were  known  and  felt  to  be 
true,  and  they  were  put  forward  with  a  manner  and  perspicuity 
which  essentially  belong  to  truth.  It  was  his  principle  to  address 
himself  to  the  understanding  and  not  to  the  passions  of  his  au 
dience;  and  he  rarely  failed  eventually  in  producing  conviction. 
He  was  eminently  a  religious  man ;  and  those  who  knew  him 
privately  can  testify  to  the  earnestness  and  humble  faith  with 
which  he  always  submitted  the  event  of  his  important  labours 
with  pious  resignation  to  the  will  of  God.  He  was  a  faithful  and 
affectionate  member  of  the  Church  of  England :  but  he  was  not 
the  man  to  regard  sectarian  differences  as  of  importance  where  he 
found  hand  and  heart  united  in  zealous  effort  for  the  good  of  man 
kind.  Although  he  had  selected  for  himself  a  peculiar  path  of 
charity,  he  was  liberal  in  his  support  of  all  benevolent  institu 
tions,  and  particularly  of  the  Bible  and  Missionary  Societies  and 
such  as  had  for  their  objects  the  education  and  improvement 
of  the  poor."— Obituary  notice  in  Lon.  Gent.  Mag.,  May,  1845, 
545-546. 

We  need  such  examples  of  noble  disinterestedness  as 
Sir  Thomas  Fowell  Buxton  to  cheer  our  hopes  of  humanity, 
by  proving  to  us  that  the  world  is  not  "wholly  given  to 
[self]  idolatry." 

Buxton,  William.  Ship-Owner's  Manual  of  Mercan 
tile  Marine,  Lon.,  1852,  12mo. 


BYG 

Buy,  William.  Narrative  of  the  Second  Siege  of 
Zaragossa;  from  the  Spanish,  Lon.,  1809,  8vo. 

Buyers,  William,  missionary  at  Benares.  Recol 
lections  of  Northern  India,  1840,  8vo.  Letters  in  India, 
with  Special  Reference  to  the  Spread  of  Christianity, 
1848,  12mo. 

Such  a  practical  manual  was  much  needed  as  a  guide  to  mis 
sionaries,  and  as  a  means  of  instruction  to  the  friends  of  missions 
in  general."— ion.  Evangelical  Mag. 

1! yam,  Francis.  Con.  to  Phil.  Trans.,  1755 :  Im 
pression  on  a  Stone ;  Quantity  of  Rain  in  Antigua. 

Byam,  Henry,  D.D.,  1580-1669,  a  native  of  Somer 
setshire,  was  entered  of  Exeter  College,  Oxford,  1697; 
elected  a  student  of  Christ  Church,  1 699 ;  Prebendary  of 
Exeter,  1631.  He  was  distinguished  for  his  loyalty,  and 
four  of  his  five  sons  were  captains  in  the  royal  army.  His 
wife  and  daughter  were  drowned  in  flying  from  the  rebels. 
During  the  Rebellion  he  was  deprived  of  his  dignities,  but 
after  the  Restoration  was  made  Canon  of  Exeter,  and  Pre 
bendary  of  Wells.  He  was  the  father  of  the  governor 
alluded  to  in  Southern's  play  of  Oroonbko,  whom  Mrs. 
Behn  satirizes.  A  Sermon,  Lon.,  1628,  8vo.  Thirteen 
Sermons;  most  of  them  preached  before  Charles  II.  in  his 
exile;  with  a  life  of  the  author,  by  Mr.  Ward,  Lon., 
1675,  8vo. 

"For  sanctity  of  life,  for  learning,  charity,  and  loyalty,  scarce 
to  be  equall'd  by  any  in  the  age  he  lived." — Atlien.  Oxon. 

Byerley,  John  Scott.  Novels,  dramatic,  poetical, 
and  political  pieces,  1803-14.  The  Prince :  trans,  from 
the  Italian  of  Machiavelli ;  to  which  is  prefixed  an  Intro 
duction,  showing  the  close  analogy  between  the  Principles 
of  Machiavelli,  and  the  Actions  of  Bonaparte,  1810,  8vo. 

"To  translate  'The  Prince'  of  Machiavelli  is  to  write  the  life  of 
Bonaparte,  and  the  Secret  History  of  the  Court  of  St.  Cloud."— 
Vide  Introduction. 

Byfield,  Adoniram,  a  zealous  "Commonwealth- 
man,"  satirized  in  Hudibras.  The  Grand  Debate  between 
Presbytery  and  Independency;  with  other  tracts,  Lon., 
1652,  4to. 

Byfield,  Nathaniel,  1653-1733,  Member  of  the 
Council  of  Massachusetts.  Account  of  the  Revolution  in 
New  England  ;  together  with  the  Declaration  of  the  Gentle 
men,  Merchants,  and  Inhabitants  of  Boston,  <fcc.,  1689, 4to. 

Byfield,  Nicholas,  b.  about  1579.  d.  1652,  a  native 
of  Warwickshire,  was  an  eminent  Puritan  divine.  He  be 
came  a  servitor  of  Exeter  College  in  1579,  was  invited  to 
be  pastor  of  St.  Peter's  Church,  Chester,  and  subsequently, 
in  1615,  Vicar  of  Isleworth.  Exposition  of  the  Epistle  to 
the  Colossians,  Lon.,  1615,  fol.  This  contains  "the  sub 
stance  of  neare  seven  years'  weeke-dayes." 

"  It  is  full  of  good  sense  and  spiritual  savour,  and  abounds  with 
pertinent  citations  of  Scripture,  without  any  pretensions  to  ora 
torical  dress." — DR.  E.  WILLIAMS. 

"  It  has  much  spiritual  instruction."— BICKERSTETH. 

Serm.  on  the  1st  chap,  of  1st  Peter,  1617,  4to.  Essay 
concerning  the  Assurance  of  God's  Love  and  Man's  Sal 
vation,  1614,  Svo.  The  Marrow  of  the  Oracles  of  God,  Ac., 

1622,  12mo.     Sermon  on  the  1st  Epistle  General  of  Peter, 

1623,  4to.     Exposition  of  the  Apostles'  Creed,  1626,  4to. 
A  Commentary  on  the  first  Chapters  of  1st  Peter,  1637,  fol. 

"  An  excellent  Puritan  exposition."— BICKERSTETH. 

Other  treatises. 

"  He  was  a  strict  observer  of  the  Lord's  Day,  and  preached  and 
wrote  for  the  sincere  observance  of  it." — Atlien.  Oxon. 

"  He  was  a  man  of  a  profound  judgment,  strong  memory,  sharp 
wit,  quick  invention,  and  unwearied  industry.  ...  He  had  a  sin- 
gulargift  in  diving  into  the  depths  of  those  points  which  he  un 
dertook  to  handle."— GOUGE. 

Byfield,  Richard,  d.  1664,  half-brother  to  the  above, 
a  Puritan  divine,  obtained  the  living  of  Long-Ditton  dur 
ing  the  Commonwealth  ;  ejected  at  the  Restoration.  The 
Light  of  Faith,  and  Way  of  Holiness,  Lon.,  1630,  Svo. 
Doctrine  of  the  Sabbath  Vindicated,  1632, 4to.  The  Power 
of  the  Christ  of  God,  1641, 4to.  Sermons,  and  other  treatises. 
Wood,  no  favourer  of  Puritans,  calls  Byfield  ironically 

"  A  leading  man  for  carrying  on  the  blessed  cause,  a  reformer 
of  his  church  of  superstition  (as  he  called  it)  by  plucking  up  the 
steps  leading  to  the  altar,  and  levelling  it  lower  than  the  rest  of 
the  chancel,  by  denying  his  parishioners  (particularly  his  patron 
that  gave  him  L.  Ditton)  the  sacrament,  unless  they  would  take 
it  any  way  except  kneeling.  He  was  one  of  the  assemb.  of  divines. 
a  great  covenanter,  an  eager  preacher  against  bishops,  ceremonies, 
&c." — Athen.  Oxon. 

Byfield,  T.    Medical  treatises,  Lon.,  1684,  '85,  '87,  '95. 

Byfield,  T.  A  Closet  Piece:  The  Experimental 
Knowledg^  of  the  Ever-Blessed  Father,  Son,  and  Holy 
Ghost,  according  to  Revelation  in  the  Holy  Scriptures. 
Lon.,  1721,  Svo. 

Bygod,  Francis.  His  Epistle  to  his  Treatise  con 
cerning  Impropriations  of  Benefices.  See  at  the  end  of 
H.  Spelman's  work  on  Tithes. 

817 


BYL 


BYR 


1? viand,  William.   The  Mechanic's  Guide,  1797,  8vo. 

Byles,  Sir  John  B.  A  Practical  Treatise  on  the  Law 
of  Bills  of  Exchange,  Promissory  Notes,  Bank  Notes, 
Bankers'  Cash  Notes,  and  Checks,  <fcc.,  Lon.,  1829,  12mo; 
7th  ed.,  1857 ;  4th  Amer.  from  the  7th  Lon.  ed.,  by  Hon. 
George  Sharswood,  Phila.,  1856,  8vo. 

"An  able  and  carefully-written  treatise,  but  too  concise  for  the 
purpose  of  general  reference." — Maroivfs  Legnl  Bibl. 

Marvin's  remark  refers  to  the  English  edit,  of  1843. 
Moreover,  a  work  of  this  kind  must  necessarily  be  "con 
cise,"  in  order  to  answer  the  purpose  designed.  We  quote 
some  notices  of  the  last  American  edition  : 

"  I  have  had  occasion  to  look  into  Byles  on  Bills  and  Promissory 
Notes,  with  some  care,  and  to  examine  the  Notes  of  Judge  Shars 
wood.  The  English  work  is  undoubtedly  an  excellent  one;  and 
is  particularly  convenient  for  reference,  from  its  arrangement  and 
condensation.  And  the  notes  of  American  decisions,  by  Judge 
Sharswood,  display  much  research  and  correct  judgment  on  his 
part,  and  add  greatly  to  the  value  of  this  edition." — R.  B.  TANEY, 
Chief  Justice  of  (he,  Supreme  Court  of  the  United  States. 

"The  law  of  bills  of  exchange  and  promissory  notes,  every 
where  in  this  trafficking  and  commercial  country,  claims  much  of 
each  practising  lawyer's  time  and  learning;  and  we  have  hereto 
fore  had  some  excellent  treatises  from  men  abundantly  able,  and 
wonderfully  patient  and  industrious — as  Bayley,  Chitty,  and  Story 
— but  no  treatise  has  commanded  so  immediate  and  so  continued 
regard  from  the  bar  as  Serjeant  Byles's.  The  learned  American 
editor  has  judged  well  in  annotating  a  treatise  less  cumbrous  than 
Chitty,  more  neat  and  exact  than  Story,  and  more  modern  than 
Bayley,  and  perhaps  quite  as  meritorious.  The  editorial  depart 
ment  leaves  little  to  be  desired.  The  cases  have  been  selected,  and 
arranged,  and  digested,  with  a  view  of  aiding  and  illustrating  the 
principles  stated  in  the  text:  the  work  is  neither  encumbered  with 
copious  cases,  cheaply  borrowed  from  the  digests,  nor  is  it  swollen 
by  an  amplified  discussion  of  the  grounds  of  the  cases  familiar  to 
all  the  practitioners,  and  to  be  found  in  the  horn-books  of  the  law." 
— American  Law  Register,  December,  1853. 

This  edition  has  been  introduced  as  a  text-book  into  the 
law  school  of  Harvard  Coll.  and  the  University  of  Virginia. 

It  is  a  fact  worthy  to  be  recorded,  that  Sir  John  B.  Byles, 
in  the  7th  edition  of  his  valuable  work,  has  incorporated 
the  Notes  of  Judge  Sharswood.  Sophisms  of  Free  Trade 
and  Political  Economy  Examined;  8th  ed.,  1851,  12mo. 
Observations  on  the  Usury  Laws,  Lon.,  1845,  8vo.  The 
author  advocates  the  French  system. 

Byles,  Mather,  D.D.,  1706-1788,  a  native  of  Boston, 
New  England,  and  minister  there,  was  a  man  of  consider 
able  note  in  his  day.  Pope  presented  him  with  the  Odys 
sey,  and  Dr.  Watts  transmitted  his  works  to  him  as  they 
were  pub.  Dr.  Byles  himself  had  some  pretensions  to  the 
character  of  poet.  He  pub.  A  Poem  on  the  Death  of 
George  L,  <fec.,  1727.  A  poet.  Epistle  to  Gov.  Belcher  on 
the  Death  of  his  Lady,  1736.  Miscellaneous  Poems,  1744. 
Occasional  Sermons,  pub.  separately,  1729-71. 

"  He  possessed  an  uncommon  talent  in  making  poems ;  his  ima 
gination  was  fertile,  and  his  satire  keen ;  his  poetry  evinces  a  rich 
fancy,  and  the  versification  is  polished." 

Byne,  Marquis.  The  Scornfull  Quakers  Answered, 
and  their  Railing  Confuted ;  with  a  Reply  to  Lawson's 
Answer  to  XXXVIII.  Questions,  Lon.,  1656,  4to. 

Byng,  Sir  George,  afterwards  Lord  Viscount 
Torrington,  1663-1733.  Expedition  to  Sicily  in  the 
years  1718,  '19,  '20,  Lon.,  1739,  8vo. 

Byng,  Honourable  John,  Admiral  of  the  Blue,  4th 
son  of  the  above,  1704-1757,  a  victim  to  political  persecu 
tion,  and  martyr  to  the  "  12th  Article  of  War."  His  De 
fence  as  presented  by  him,  and  read  in  the  Court,  1756, 
8vo.  His  Trial,  1756,  fol.  His  Trial,  Defence,  and  an 
Appendix,  1756,  8vo. 

Bynner,  Henry.  The  Trial  of  John  Binns  for  Se 
dition,  at  the  Assize  for  the  County  of  Warwick,  August 
12,  1797,  1797,  8vo. 

Bynns,  Richard,  Prebendary  of  Lichfield.  Ser 
mons,  1701,  '10,  '39. 

Byon,  John.  An  Account  of  the  Sufferings  of  the 
French  Protestants  in  the  Galleys,  Lon.,  1712,  8vo. 

Byrch,  William.  Death  of  Q.  Caroline;  Sermon, 
1737,  8vo. 

Byrche,  William,  D.D.,  Chaplain  to  the  Archbishop 
of  Canterbury,  and  Chancellor  of  Worcester.     Consecra 
tion  of  Bishop  Chandler;  serm.  1  Tim.  iii.  7,  1717,  8vo. 
Byrchenska,  Rich.     Discourse  upon  the  Defeat  of 
the  Rebels   Tyrone  and  Odonell,  1602,  4to.     In  verse. 
Byrd,  Josias.    Serm.  Canticles,  ii.  10,  Oxon.,  1613,  4to. 
Byrd,  Samuel.     Dialogue  betweene  Paule  and  De- 
mas,  1580. 

Byrd,  or  Bird,  William,  1543-1623,  a  very  eminent 
composer  of  sacred  music,  organist  of  Lincoln  Cathedral, 
1563;  a  gentleman  of  the  Chapel  Royal,  1569;  subse 
quently  organist  to  Queen  Elizabeth.  Some  of  his  pieces 
are  recorded  in  Lowndes's  Bibl.  Manual,  and  a  fuller  ac 
count  will  be  found  in  Burney's  Hist,  of  Music.  The  cele- 
318 


brated  canon,  JVbn  nobis  Domine,  has  been  ascribed  to  him, 
although  some  claim  it  for  Palustrina. 

Byrd,  William.  Con.  to  Phil.  Trans.  1697.  Account 
of  a  dappled  Negro  Boy. 

Byrdall,  Thomas.     Serm.,  Lon.,  1668. 

Byrde,  John,  d.  1556,  a  native  of  Coventry,  educated 
at  Oxf.,  Bishop  of  Bangor,  1539  ;  of  Chester,  1541.  Queen 
Mary  deprived  him  of  his  bishopric  on  account  of  his  be 
ing  married.  He  became  suffragan  to  Bishop  Bonner,  and 
Vicar  of  Dunmow,  Essex.  He  was  a  zealous  opponent  of 
the  doctrine  of  the  Pope's  supremacy,  but  Strype  says  that 
he  endeavoured  to  dissuade  the  martyr  Bilney  from  be 
coming  a  Protestant.  He  was  the  author  of  Lectures  on 
the  Epistles  of  St.  Paul;  De  Fide  Justificante,  lib.  i. 
Learned  Homilies ;  an  Epicede  in  prose. 

"  He  was  a  person  King  Henry  VIII.  made  use  of:  for  in  the 
year  1535,  he,  with  Bishop  Fox,  the  almoner,  and  Bedel,  a  clerk 
of  the  council,  were  sent  to  Queen  Catherine,  divorced  from  the 
king,  to  forbear  the  name  of  queen,  which  nevertheless  she  would 
not  do."  See  Athen.  Oxon. 

Byres,  James.  Of  the  Extraordinary  Heats  at  Rome 
in  1768,  Phil.  Trans.,  1768. 

Byres,  James.  Hypogsei;  or  Sepulchral  Caverns 
of  Tarquinia,  the  Capital  of  Ancient  Etruria,  41  engrav 
ings,  with  descriptions,  edited  by  Frank  Howard;  5  parts, 
imp.  fol.,  Lon.,  1842. 

"  The  above  is  a  very  interesting  and  well-executed  work,  repre 
senting  on  a  large  scale  the  Sepulchral  Temples  of  Etruria,  with 
the  curious  ancient  paintings  and  sculpture  preserved  therein. 
The  author,  James  Byres,  Esq.,  of  Tonley,  Aberdeenshire,  was 
nearly  forty  years  antiquarian  president  at  Rome." 

Byrne,  M.,  Surgeon  in  the  U.  S.  Army.  An  Essay 
to  prove  the  contagious  Character  of  Malignant  Cholera, 
with  brief  Instructions  for  its  Prevention  and  Cure,  8vo, 
2d  edit.,  Phil.,  1855. 

"The  method,  style,  doctrine,  and  practical  wisdom,  entitle  it  to 
the  careful  perusal  of  every  practitioner  in  the  country." — DR.  J. 
K.  MITCHELL,  Professorofthc  Practice  of  Medicine  in  Jefferson  Med. 
Coll.,  Phil. 

Byrom,  John,  1691-1763,  a  native  of  Kersall,  near 
Manchester,  England,  was  admitted  a  pensioner  of  Trinity 
College,  Cambridge,  at  the  age  of  16  ;  took  his  degree  of 
B.  A.,  1711.  His  pastoral  of  Colin  and  Phoebe,  pub.  in 
the  Spectator,  No.  603,  excited  great  and  deserved  admira 
tion.  It  is  asserted  that  Phoobe  was  intended  for  Joanna, 
the  daughter  of  the  great  Bentley,  master  of  Trinity  Col 
lege..  This  young  lady  married  Bishop  Cumberland,  and 
was  the  mother  of  the  celebrated  William  Cumberland. 
Byrom  had  before  contributed  to  The  Spectator  two  excel 
lent  papers  on  Dreaming,  under  the  name  of  John  Shadow  : 
see  Nos.  586  and  593.  Byrom  was  chosen  Fellow  of  his 
college,  and  soon  after  took  his  degree  of  Master  of  Arts. 
Not  designing  to  take  holy  orders,  he  vacated  his  fellow 
ship,  and  travelled  for  some  time  in  France.  Returning 
home,  he  married  his  cousin,  which  displeasing  his  father 
and  uncle,  the  young  couple  were  thrown  upon  their  own 
resources  for  a  livelihood.  Byrom  now  gave  lessons  in 
stenography,  and  pub.  two  treatises  upon  the  subject,  1767, 
and  Phil.  Trans.,  1748.  (See  the  Encyclopaedias  of  Rees 
and  Nicholson  for  an  account  of  Byrom's  system.)  By  the 
death  of  a  brother  he  came  into  possession  of  the  family 
estate,  and  spent  the  rest  of  his  days' in  the  enjoyment  of 
competence.  An  Epistle  to  a  Gentleman  of  the  Temple, 
1749.  Enthusiasm;  a  Poem,  1751.  The  Contest,  [between 
Blank  Verse  and  Rhyme,]  1755,  8vo.  Universal  Short 
Hand,  1767  :  and  Phil.  Trans.,  1748.  Miscellaneous  Poems, 
1773,  2  vols.  8vo. 

"  He  always  found  it  easier  to  express  his  thoughts  in  verse  than 
in  prose.  .  .  .  "With  such  an  attachment  to  rhyme,  he  wrote  with 
ease :  it  is  more  to  his  credit  that  he  wrote  in  general  with  correct 
ness,  and  that  his  mind  was  stored  with  varied  imagery  and  original 
turns  of  thought,  which  he  conveys  in  flowing  measure,  always 
delicate,  and  often  harmonious.  In  his  Dialogue  on  Contentment, 
and  his  Poem  On  the  Fall  of  Man,  in  answer  to  Bishop  Sherlock, 
he  strongly  reminds  us  of  Pope  in  the  celebrated  Essay,  although 
in  the  occasional  adoption  of  quaint  conceits  he  appears  to  have 
followed  the  example  of  the  earlier  poets.  Of  his  long  pieces,  per 
haps  the  best  is  Enthusiasm,  which  is  distinguished  by  superior 
information,  and  a  glow  of  vigorous  fancy  suited  to  the  subject." 

If  the  reader  be  unacquainted  with  Colin  and  Phoebe, 
and  wish  to  realize  what  the  Eastern  monarch  sighed  for 
in  vain — "  a  new  pleasure" — let  him  or  her  immediately 
refer  to  the  Spectator,  No.  603,  and  read  this  sweet  pastoral. 
Byrom's  poems  will  be  found  in  Johnson  and  Chalmers's 
English  Poets,  1821,  21  vols.  r.  8vo,  and  his  life  in  Biog. 
Brit.,  and  Chalmers's  Biog.  Diet. 

Byrom,  John.     Assize  serm.,  Rom.  xiii.  1,  1681,  4to. 

Byron,  Miss.  The  English  Woman;  a  Novel,  1805, 
5  vols.  Hours  of  Affluence,  and  Days  of  Indigence,  1809, 

2  vols.     The  Modern  Villa,  and  the  Ancient  Castle,  1810, 

3  vols.  12mo.    The  Englishman,  181 1,  6  vols.  12mo.    Bache- 


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lot's  Journal,  inscribed  (without  permission)  to  the  Girls 
of  England,  1814,  2  vols.  12mo. 

"  An  ingenious  history  of  feelings  and  observations,  displaying 
some  knowledge  of  human  nature,  and  written  in  a  creditable  style, 
yet  having  so  little  either  of  plot  or  story,  that  most  readers  will 
wish  the  bachelor  to  have  abridged  his  journal."— ion.  MonUily 
Review,  1815. 

Byron,  Mrs.  Anti-Delphine;  a  Novel,  1806,  2  vols. 
12mo.  Drelincourt  and  Rodalvi ;  or  Memoirs  of  two  Noble 
Families,  1807,  3  vols.  12mo. 

"The  title-page  of  this  work  seemed  to  threaten  us  with  a  tale 
of  horror,  and  the  preface  added  to  our  fears.  We  were  happy, 
however,  to  find  the  author  speedily  indulging  in  a  sportive  rather 
than  a  terrific  humour;  and  to  meet  also  some  just  reflections 
arising  naturally  from  the  scenes  portrayed  by  the  fancy  of  the 
•writer."— Lon.  Monthly  Rf.view,  1810. 

The  Borderers,  1812,  3  vols.  12mo. 

Byron,  George  Anson,  Lord,  successor  to  the  suc 
ceeding,  and  seventh  Lord  Byron.  A  Narrative  of  the 
Voyage  of  his  Majesty's  Ship  Blonde  to  the  Sandwich  Is 
lands,  in  1824,  '25,  4to,  with  plates. 

Byron,  George  Gordon,  Lord,  January  22, 1788- 
April  19,  1824,  was  the  only  child  of  Captain  John  Byron 
of  the  Guards,  and  Miss  Catherine  Gordon  of  Gight,  in 
Aberdeenshire.  The  celebrated  Admiral  Byron  was  grand 
father  to  the  subject  of  our  memoir. 

"  It  has  been  said  of  Lord  Byron  that  he  was  prouder  of  being  a 
descendant  of  those  Byrons  who  accompanied  William  the  Con 
queror  into  England,  than  of  having  been  the  author  of  Childe 
Harold  and  Manfred." 

The  name  of  Ralph  de  Burun  occurs  in  Doomsday -book 
among  the  principal  tenants  of  Nottinghamshire;  and  his 
descendants,  the  Lords  of  Horestan  Castle,  held  large  pos 
sessions  in  Derbyshire  and  Lancashire.  The  name  of 
Byron  acquired  fresh  distinction  at  the  siege  of  Calais  un 
der  Edward  III.,  and  in  the  fields  of  Cressy,  Bosworth,  and 
Marston  Moor.  In  the  reign  of  Henry  VIII.,  on  the  dis 
solution  of  the  monasteries,  the  church  and  priory  of  New- 
stead,  with  the  lands  adjoining,  were  by  royal  grant  con 
ferred  upon  "Sir  John  Byron  the  Little,  with  the  great 
beard."  At  the  coronation  of  James  I.  his  grandson  was 
made  a  Knight  of  the  Bath,  and  in  the  year  1643,  (temp. 
Charles  I.,)  Sir  John  Byron,  "great-grandson  of  him  who 
succeeded  to  the  rich  domains  of  Newstead,"  was  created 
Baron  Byron  of"  Rochdale,  in  the  county  of  Lancaster. 
This  honour  was  well  deserved,  for 

"  Sir  John  Biron,  afterward  Lord  Biron,  and  all  ,his  brothers, 
bred  up  in  arms  and  valiant  men  in  their  own  persons,  were  all 
passionately  the  king's." — Col.  Hutchinsori 's  Memoirs. 

Col.  Hutchinson  was  cousin-german  to  Sir  Richard  Bi 
ron,  and  when  the  latter  advised  him  to  surrender  his  cas 
tle,  he  returned  an  answer  that 

"  Except  he  found  his  own  heart  prone  to  such  treachery,  he 
mijrht  consider  there  was.  if  nothing  else,  so  much  of  a  Biron's 
blood  in  him,  that  he  should  very  much  scorn  to  betray  or  quit  a 
trust  he  had  undertaken." 

At  the  battle  of  Edgehill  there  were  no  less  than  seven 
brothers  of  the  Byron  family  on  the  field.  William,  third 
Lord  Byron,  succeeded  his  father,  Richard,  second  Lord 
Byron,  in  1679.  About  1750  the  shipwreck  and  sufferings 
of  the  Hon.  John  (afterwards  Admiral)  Byron,  second  son 
of  William,  fourth  Lord  Byron,  excited  the  public  attention 
and  sympathy.  In  1765  the  name  was  brought  less  credit 
ably  into  notice,  by  the  trial  before  the  House  of  Peers, 
of  the  fifth  Lord  Byron,  for  killing  in  a  duel,  or  rather, 
hasty  quarrel,  his  relative,  Mr.  Chaworth.  His  lordship 
was  indicted  for  murder,  and  only  saved  from  the  penalty 
attendant  on  manslaughter  by  pleading  his  peerage.  He 
passed  the  rest  of  his  life  in  seclusion  at  Newstead  Abbey, 
dying  in  1798,  when  the  title  and  estates  of  the  family  were 
inherited  by  the  subject  of  our  memoir.  The  admiral's 
only  son,  John,  became  a  captain  of  the  Guard.  He  was 
conspicuous  as  one  of  the  handsomest  and  most  dissipated 
men  of  his  time,  and  known  familiarly  as  "  Mad  Jack  By 
ron."  In  his  27th  year  he  was  the  cause  of  a  divorce  be 
tween  the  Marquis  and  Marchioness  of  Carmarthen,  and 
married  the  lady  himself.  She  survived  their  union  but 
two  years.  Their  only  child  was  a  daughter,  Augusta  By 
ron,  afterwards  the  wife  of  Colonel  Leigh.  In  the  year 
following  the  death  of  his  first  wife,  Captain  Byron  mar 
ried  Miss  Catherine  Gordon,  only  child  and  heiress  of 
George  Gordon,  Esq.,  of  Gight,  in  Aberdeenshire.  The 
marriage  was  one  of  "convenience"  on  the  part  of  the 
groom,  and  he  soon  found  it  convenient  to  sacrifice  her 
estate  to  the  importunities  of  his  creditors :  within  two 
years  Miss  Gordon's  very  large  property,  (the  estate  alone 
being  sold  for  £17,850,)  with  the  exception  of  a  trifle,  was 
thus  swallowed  up.  Mrs.  Byron's  acerbity  of  disposition 
has  become  world-renowned,  but  we  think  that  her  bridal 
experience  should  not  be  omitted  when  her  character  is  to 
be  weighed.  Even  a,  very  amiable  heiress  may  be  pardoned 


for  a  little  discomposure  of  temper,  when  she  finds  that  she 
has  fallen  a  prey  to  a  profligate  fortune-hunter,  who  re 
duces  her  in  a  few  years  from  a  splendid  establishment  to 
£150  per  annum  !  With  such  an  unpromising  honeymoon, 
we  need  not  wonder  that  the  union  proved  to  be  such  only 
in  name,  and  in  a  short  time  even  the  name  was  sacrificed 
to  embittered  passions,  and  "Mad  Jack  Byron"  returned 
to  his  bachelor  life,  only  visiting  the  wretched  woman 
whom  he  almost  beggared,  for  the  purpose  of  extorting 
more  money  from  her  scanty  purse.  At  his  last  visit  he 
did  not  leave  Aberdeen  until  he  had  succeeded  in  wringing 
from  her  a  sufficient  sum  to  defray  his  expenses  to  Valen 
ciennes,  where  in  the  year  following,  (1793,)  to  the  relief 
of  his  wife  in  particular,  and  human  nature  in  general,  he 
terminated  his  most  unprofitable  existence.  His  widow 
was  violently  affected  at  the  news  of  his  death,  for  she 
never  lost  her  affection  for  him;  and  when  the  young  By 
ron's  nurse  would  meet  the  Captain  in  her  walks,  the  de 
serted  and  injured,  but  still  loving,  wife,  would  "  inquire 
with  the  tenderest  anxiety  as  to  his  health  and  looks." 
How  common  is  it  to  blame  this  unfortunate  woman  as  the 
cause  of  the  mental,  if  not  the  moral,  obliquities  of  the 
future  poet;  but  is  it  not  charitable  to  suppose  that  such  a 
melancholy  reverse  of  fortune,  effected  too  by  such  means, — 
so  bitter  a  disappointment  in  the  object  of  her  affections, 
who,  too,  was  "unmanly  enough  to  taunt  her  with  the  in 
conveniences  of  that  penury  which  his  own  extravagance 
had  occasioned," — is  it  not  charitable  to  suppose  that  health 
of  mind  may  have  been  impaired,  where  the  heart  had  suf 
fered  so  much? 

We  will  make  one  concession  to  the  modern  apologists 
for  Lord  Byron's  character :  bad  as  he  was,  he  certainly 
was  a  better  man  than  his  father. 

In  1798  the  fifth  Lord  Byron,  his  great-uncle,  died  with 
out  issue,  and  George,  then  ten  years  of  age,  succeeded  to 
the  title  and  estates  of  his  family.  He  was  now  placed 
under  the  care  of  the  Earl  of  Carlisle,  who  had  married 
the  sister  of  the  late  Lord  Byron.  The  young  nobleman 
was  placed  at  Harrow  School,  where  he  was  more  distin 
guished  for  his  love  of  manly  sports  than  for  any  devotion 
to  study.  When  16  years  of  age  he  was  one  of  a  party 
assembled  at  the  Hall  of  Annesley,  the  residence  of  the 
Chaworth  family.  Miss  Chaworth  was  then  eighteen,  and 
a  young  lady  of  rare  loveliness.  Young  Byron  saw  and 
loved.  The  affections  of  the  lady  were,  however,  already 
engaged,  and  had  it  been  otherwise,  the  youthful  lover 
seems  to  have  had  but  a  doubtful  prospect  of  success.  By 
ron's  admiration  had  been  sufficiently  obvious  to  its  object, 
and,  it  would  appear,  to  others;  for  he  was  doomed  to  the 
mortification  of  hearing  her  remark — or  being  informed 
of  the  speech  by  some  good-natured  friend — "Do  you  think 
I  could  care  any  thing  for  that  lame  boy?"  This  sarcasm 
"  was  like  a  shot  through  his  heart.  Though  late  at  night  when 
he  heard  it  he  instantly  darted  out  of  the  house,  and,  scarcely 
knowing  whither  he  ran.  never  stopped  till  he  found  himself  at 
Newstead." — Moore's  Life  of  Byron. 

It  is  a  curious  fact  that  neither  Lord  Byron  nor  his  bio 
grapher,  Mr.  Moore,  seems  to  have  been  aware  that  Wil 
liam,  third  Lord  Byron,  who  (more  successful  than  his 
kinsman)  married,  some  time  before  1679,  Elizabeth, 
daughter  of  John,  Lord  Chaworth,  was  also  a  poet.  See 
Thomas  Shipman's  Carolina,  or  Loyal  Poems,  1683,  8vo. 

When  between  sixteen  and  seventeen,  Byron  was  entered 
of  Trinity  College,  Cambridge,  and  here  he  wasted  the 
hours,  which  properly  employed  would  have  secured  to 
him  a  solid  foundation  of  learning,  in  reckless  profligacy. 
He  quitted  college  at  nineteen,  and  took  up  his  residence 
at  the  family-seat  of  Newstead  Abbey,  and  here  he  pre 
pared  for  publication  a  number  of  his  early  productions, 
under  the  title  of  Hours  of  Idleness ;  A  Series  of  Poems, 
Original  and  Translated.  By  George  Gordon,  Lord  Byron, 
a  Minor,  8vo,  pp.  200,  Newark,  1807.  There  was  very 
little  in  this  collection  to  attract  more  than  passing  notice, 
and  notwithstanding  some  striking  stanzas,  it  would,  if 
the  author  had  written  nothing  else,  have  hardly  survived 
its  year;  but  the  Edinburgh  Review  thought  a  young  lord 
too  good  a  mark  to  be  despised,  and  they  forthwith  served 
him  up  for  the  entertainment  of  a  public  who  had  learned 
to  relish  their  highly-spiced  dishes. 

"  The  poesy  of  this  young  lord  belongs  to  the  class  which  neither 
gods  nor  men  are  said  to  permit.  Indeed  we  do  not  recollect  to  have 
seen  a  quantity  of  verse  with  so  few  deviations  from  that  exact  stand 
ard.  His  effusions  are  spread  over  a  dead  flat,  and  can  no  more  get 
above  or  below  the  level,  than  if  they  were  so  much  stagnant  water. 
As  an  extenuation  of  this  offence,  the  noble  author  is  peculiarly  for 
ward  in  pleading  minority.  .  .  He  possibly  means  to  say, '  See  how  a 
minor  can  write !  This  poem  was  actually  composed  by  a  young  man 
of  eighteen,  and  this  by  one  of  only  sixteen!'  But,  alas,  we  all  re 
member  the  poetry  of  Cowley  at  ten,  and  Pope  at  twelve ;  and  so  far 
from  hearing,  with  any  degree  of  surprise,  that  very  poor 


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were  written  by  a  youth  from  his  leaving  school  to  his  leaving 
college,  inclusive,  we  really  believe  this  to  be  the  most  common  of 
all  occurrences;  that  it  happens  in  the  life  of  nine  men  in  ten  who 
are  educated  in  England;  and  that  the  tenth  man  writes  better 
verse  than  Lord  Byron.  .  .  .  We  counsel  him  that  he  do  forthwith 
abandon  poetry,  and  turn  his  talents,  which  are  considerable,  and 
his  opportunities,  which  are  great,  to  better  account.  .  .  .  If  then, 
the  following  beginning  of  a  '  Song  of  bards'  is  by  his  lordship,  we 
venture  to  object  to  it,  as  far  as  we  can  comprehend  it.  '  What 
form  rises  on  the  roar  of  clouds,  whose  dark  ghost  gleams  on  the 
red  stream  of  tempests  ?  His  voice  rolls  on  the  thunder ;  'tis  Orla, 
the  brown  chief  of  Oithona.  He  was,'  &c.  After  detaining  this 
'  brown  chief  some  time,  the  bards  conclude  by  giving  him  their 
advice  to  '  raise  his  fair  locks;'  then  to  '  spread  them  on  the  arch 
of  the  rainbow ;'  and  ;  to  smile  through  the  tears  of  the  storm.' 
Of  this  kind  of  thing  there  are  no  less  than  nine  pages;  and  we 
can  so  far  venture  an  opinion  in  their  favour,  that  they  look  very 
like  Macpherson ;  and  we  are  positive  they  are  pretty  nearly  as 
stupid  and  tiresome.  ...  As  our  author  has  dedicated  so  large  a 
part  of  his  volume  to  immortalize  his  employments  at  school  and 
college,  we  cannot  possibly  dismiss  it  without  presenting  the  reader 
with°a  specimen  of  these  ingenious  effusions.  In  an  ode  with  a 
Greek  motto,  called  Qranta,  we  have  the  following  magnificent 
stanzas: 

'  There  in  apartments  small  and  damp, 

The  candidate  for  college  prizes 
Sits  poring  by  the  midnight  lamp, 
Goes  late  to  bed,  yet  early  rises. 
Who  reads  false  quantities  in  Sele, 
Or  puzzles  o'er  the  deep  triangle; 
Depriv'd  of  many  a  wholesome  meal, 

In  barbarous  Latin  doom'd  to  wrangle. 
Renouncing  every  pleasing  page, 
From  authors  of  historic  use ; 
Preferring  to  the  lettered  sage 

The  square  of  the  hypotenuse. 
Still  harmless  are  these  occupations, 

That  hurt  none  but  the  hapless  student, 
Compared  with  other  recreations, 
Which  bring  together  the  imprudent.' 

p.  123, 124, 125. 

"  We  are  sorry  to  hear  so  bad  an  account  of  the  college  psalmody 
as  is  contained  in  the  following  Attic  stanzas : 

'  Our  choir  would  scarcely  be  excus'd 
Even  as  a  band  of  raw  beginners ; 
All  mercy  now  must  be  refus'd 

To  such  a  set  of  croaking  sinners. 
If  David,  when  his  toils  were  ended, 

Had  heard  these  blockheads  sing  before  him, 
To  us  his  psalms  had  ne'er  descended : 
In  furious  mood  he  would  have  tore  'em.' 

p.  126, 127. 

"But  whatever  judgment  may  be  passed  on  the  poems  of  this 
noble  minor,  it  seems  we  must  take  them  as  we  find  them,  and  be 
content ;  for  they  are  the  last  we  shall  ever  have  from  him.  .  .  . 
'  It  is  highly  improbable,  from  his  situation  and  pursuits  here 
after,'  that  he  should  again  condescend  to  become  an  author. 
Therefore,  let  us  take  what  we  get,  and  be  thankful.  What  right 
have  we  poor  devils  to  be  nice  ?  We  are  well  off  to  have  got  so 
much  from  a  man  of  this  lord's  station,  who  does  not  live  in  a 
garret,  but '  has  the  sway'  of  Newstead  Abbey.  Again,  we  say,  let 
us  be  thankful ;  and,  with  honest  Sancho,  bid  God  bless  the  giver, 
nor  look  the  gift-horse  in  the  mouth." — JEdin,  Rev.,  xi.  285. 

Doubtless  the  Reviewer,  having  thus  despatched  and 
quietly  inurned  his  unhappy  victim,  presumed  that  the 
world  had  heard  the  last  of  the  author  of  the  Hours  of 
Idleness,  in  the  capacity  of  poet.  The  Edinburgh  had  so 
long  had  its  own  way  in  the  wholesale  decapitation  of  au 
thors,  that  the  poor  fellows  had  "  become  used  to  it,"  and 
hardly  ventured  a  respectful  remonstrance.  The  critic  was 
mistaken  in  his  man,  however.  Byron  had  no  idea  of  tame 
submission.  He  affected  indifference,  indeed  : 

"You  have  seen  the  Edinburgh  Review,  of  course.  I  regret 
Mrs.  Byron  is  so  much  annoyed.  For  my  own  part,  these  '  paper 
bullets  of  the  brain'  have  only  taught  me  to  stand  fire ;  and  as  I 
have  been  lucky  enough  upon  the  whole,  my  repose  and  appetite 
are  not  discomposed."— Letter  to  Mr.  Beefier,  March  28,  1808. 

But  his  countenance  was  a  more  faithful  index  of  what 
was  passing  within : 

"  A  friend,  who  found  him  in  the  first  moments  of  excitement 
after  reading  the  article,  inquired  anxiously,  whether  he  had  just 
received  a  challenge?  not  knowing  how  else  to  account  for  the  fierce 
defiance  of  his  looks." 

He  afterwards  acknowledged  that  he  essayed  to  drown 
his  mortification  in  three  bottles  of  claret  after  dinner,  on 
the  day  he  perused  this  terrible  critique.  Nothing,  he 
said,  relieved  him 

«  Till  he  had  given  vent  to  his  indignation  in  rhyme,  and  '  after 
the  first  twenty  lines  he  felt  himself  considerably  better.' " 

It  is  an  evidence  of  Mrs.  Byron's  affection  for  her  son, 
that  she  seems  to  have  taken  this  matter  as  much  to  heart 
as  did  the  young  author. 

In  March,  1809,  appeared  his  response  to  the  Edinburgh 
critics,  for  such  it  was  in  fact,  under  the  title  of  English 
Bards  and  Scotch  Reviewers.  That  this  pungent  satire 
should  have  obtained  immediate  celebrity  is  no  marvel. 
Men  have  a  natural  taste  for  belligerent  demonstrations, 
and  twenty  will  stop  to  see  a  combat,  where  one  will  pause 
320 


to  see  two  friends  shake  hands.  A  fresh  edition  wag 
called  for  within  a  few  weeks.  The  authors,  long  a  suffer 
ing  tribe,  rejoiced  in  their  new  champion,  delighted  that 
the  reviewers  had  found  a  "  foeman  worthy  of  their  steel," 
whilst  the  public  generally,  who  had  before  laughed  at  the 
victims,  were  now  equally  well  pleased  to  laugh  at  the  exe 
cutioners  in  the  day  of  their  discomfiture.  The  injustice 
of  many  of  the  attacks  in  this  famed  satire  was  afterwards 
acknowledged  by  the  author  himself.  He  calls  it  "a  fero 
cious  rhapsody,"  and  "  a  miserable  record  of  misplaced 
anger  and  indiscriminate  acrimony."  Jeffrey  was  attacked 
with  the  greatest  severity;  but  the  author  was  mistaken 
in  ascribing  the  critique  which  displeased  him  to  this  quar 
ter,  Lord  Brougham  being  really  answerable  for  it.  After 
passing  through  four  editions,  his  lordship  suppressed  his 
satire.  In  1809  he  concluded  to  travel  on  the  continent, 
and  left  home  accompanied  by  his  friend  and  fellow-colle 
gian,  John  Cam  Hobhouse,  who  is  still  living,  (1855.)  Lord 
Byron  has  given  us  a  better  idea  of  his  peregrinations  in 
Greece,  Turkey,  <fcc.,  in  the  pages  of  Childe  Harold's  Pil 
grimage,  than  any  other  pen  can  furnish.  He  returned 
home  in  June,  1811,  having  been  absent  for  two  years. 
Shortly  after  his  reaching  England,  his  mother  was  at 
tacked  by  sickness,  which  proved  fatal  before  he  arrived 
at  Newstead.  In  1812  appeared  the  first  two  cantos 
of  Childe  Harold's  Pilgrimage :  they  were  eminently  suc 
cessful  : 

;  The  effect  was  electric ;  his  fame  had  not  to  wait  for  any  of  the 
ordinary  gradations,  but  seemed  to  spring  up,  like  the  palace  of  a 
fairy  tale,  in  a  night.  As  he  himself  briefly  described  it  in  his 
Memoranda,  '  I  awoke  one  morning  and  found  myself  famous.' 
The  first  edition  of  his  work  was  disposed  of  instantly ;  and  as  the 
echoes  of  its  reputation  multiplied  on  all  sides,  '  Childe  Harold,' 
and  '  Lord  Byron'  became  the  theme  of  every  tongue." — Moore's 
Life  of  Byron. 

The  copyright  money  paid  by  Mr.  Murray,  £600,  his 
lordship  presented  to  Mr.  Dallas,  saying  that  he  never 
would  receive  money  for  his  writings,  (see  Dallas's  Recol 
lections,)  "  a  resolution,"  remarks  Mr.  Moore,  perhaps  with 
some  allowable  esprit  du  corps,  "  he  afterward  wisely  aban 
doned." 

Mr.  Murray  paid  at  different  times,  for  copyrights  of  his 
lordship's  poems,  certainly  over  £15,000.  A  few  days  be 
fore  the  publication  of  Childe  Harold,  he  made  his  first 
speech  in  the  House  of  Lords,  when  he  opposed  the  second 
reading  of  the  Framework  Bill.  His  second  speech  was 
in  favour  of  Catholic  Emancipation,  and  the  third  was  on 
the  2d  of  July,  1813,  when  he  addressed  the  House  on 
presenting  Major  Cartwright's  petition.  His  lordship  was 
not  calculated  the  "  applause  of  listening  senates  to  com 
mand,"  and  did  not  care  to  occupy  a  position  where  he 
could  never  hope  to  be  first.  On  the  2d  of  January,  1815, 
he  was  married  to  Miss  Anne  Isabella,  only  daughter  of 
Sir  Ralph  Millbanke,  (since  Noel,)  baronet,  who  had  about 
a  year  previously  declined  his  overtures.  The  £10,000 
received  with  this  lady  were  speedily  dissipated,  and  pecu 
niary  embarrassment  aggravated  a  want  of  congeniality, 
which  might  have  been  anticipated  from  the  first.  Nor 
did  the  birth  of  a  daughter,  Ada,  afterwards  Countess  of 
Lovelace,  born  December  10th,  1815,  tend  to  produce  per 
manent  harmony.  Lady  Byron  returned  home  in  January, 
1816,  with  the  avowed  object  of  a  temporary  visit  to  her 
family,  but  she  did  not  see  proper  to  again  place  herself 
under  his  lordship's  protection.  Perhaps  the  true  causes 
of  this  alienation  have  never  wholly  transpired,  but  we 
learn  from  her  ladyship's  explanation,  that  she  had  good 
reason  to  suspect  the  sanity  of  her  husband,  and  did  not 
deem  herself  justified  in  remaining  under  his  roof.  But, 
on  the  other  hand,  her  ladyship  has  not  escaped  censure. 
That  there  was  much  affection  on  the  part  of  the  groom  at 
the  time  of  the  marriage,  we  may  be  allowed  to  doubt. 
Shortly  before  his  second  proposal,  he  permitted  a  friend 
to  offer  "  his  hand  and  heart"  to  another  lady.  She  de 
clined,  as  Miss  M.  had  done. 

"You  see,"  said  Lord  Byron,  "that  Miss  Millbanke  is 
to  be  the  person."  He  wrote  her  a  letter,  repeating  his 
proposition.  His  friend  read  it:  the  language  was  good, 
the  periods  well  turned.  It  was  worthy  of  insertion  in 
the  next  edition  of  The  Complete  Letter  Writer.  His 
friend  was  a  judge  of  fine  writing;  he  commended  it 
warmly : 

"  This  is  really  a  very  pretty  letter  ;  it  is  a  pity  it  should 
not  go !"  "  Then  it  shall  go,"  replied  his  lordship.  It 
went :  the  lady  had  already  satisfied  the  usual  punctilio 
J  of  her  sex  by  saying  "No;"  she  now  satisfied  herself  by 
saying  "  Yes."  Is  it  not  strange  that  even  in  this  day  of 
increased  light,  there  should  be  simple  wooers  so  unso 
phisticated  as  to  take  what  is  intended  by  the  lady  as  the 


BYR 


BYR 


first  step  to  a  successful  parley — the  matter-of-course  "No," 
— fcr  the  conclusion  of  the  treaty  ?  However,  the  evil  will 
work  its  own  cure.  For  if  men  thus  persist  in  thus  under 
standing  responses  literally,  the  courted  will  have  to  ac 
commodate  themselves  to  circumstances,  and  say  that  first 
which  they  had  intended  to  say  last. 

Lord  Byron  now  left  England  with  the  avowed  inten 
tion  of  never  again  -seeing  his  native  land.  He  sailed 
from  London  for  Ostend,  April  25,  1816,  proceeded  to 
Brussels,  and  visited  the  field  of  Waterloo ;  then  turned 
his  steps  towards  Coblentz,  sailed  up  the  Rhine  to  Basle 
and  passed  through  part  of  Switzerland  to  Geneva.  There, 
for  the  first  time,  he  met  with  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Shelley. 
There  was  much  congeniality  in  their  tastes  and  disposi 
tions,  and  a  warm  intimacy  sprung  up  between  them. 
Both  were  distinguished  for  extraordinary  poetical  powers, 
with  an  apparent  incapacity  for  logical  deduction,  a  morbid 
passion  for  disgraceful  notoriety,  finding  "  their  glory  in 
their  shame,"  and,  with  an  insane  recklessness,  contemn 
ing  the  judgments  of  that  Almighty  Ruler,  whose  precepts 
they  set  at  naught.  Both  were  men  of  superficial  acquire 
ments,  and  altogether  without  profundity  of  erudition. 
Yet,  shamefully  ignorant  of  the  records  of  the  past,  they 
affected  to  doubt  the  authenticity  of  that  inspired  volume 
whose  evidences  they  had  never  probed,  and  permitted 
their  captious  ignorance  to  quibble  and  contend  where  the 
reverent  learning  of  a  Locke  and  a  Newton  believed  and 
adored.  Yet  even  Byron  was  shocked  by  the  profanity 
of  his  friend,  and  seems  to  have  had  at  times  a  "certain 
fearful  looking  for  a  judgment  to  come,"  which  forbade 
entire  security  on  the  brink  of  ruin.  Whilst  at  Diodati, 
near  Geneva,  he  wrote  the  third  canto  of  Childe  Harold's 
Pilgrimage ;  to  this  succeeded  The  Prisoner  of  Chillon,  A 
Dream,  and  other  Poems.  In  October,  1816,  he  visited 
Italy,  and  settled  at  Venice  in  November.  Of  his  course 
of  life  whilst  in  this  city,  we  have  no  disposition  to  enter 
into  the  particulars.  It  is  no  pleasant  thing  to  linger  over 
such  sad  details.  Mr.  Moore  has  increased  the  public 
censure,  before  richly  merited  by  some  of  his  own  effu 
sions,  by  the  additional  sin  of  apologizing  for  the  shame 
ful  conduct  of  his  friend  and  brother  poet.  For  this 
reason,  and  others,  an  expurgated  edition  of  Moore's  Life 
of  Byron  is  as  necessary  for  the  parlour  table,  as  an  ex 
purgated  edition  of  his  lordship's  poems.  In  1817  ap 
peared  Manfred,  a  Tragedy,  and  The  Lament  of  Tasso. 
In  the  next  year  he  published  the  fourth  and  last  canto 
of  Childe  Harold,  which  tended  to  keep  alive  the  interest 
felt  in  the  personal  experience  of  the  poet.  Beppo  ap 
peared  in  the  same  year,  and  in  the  next,  (1819,)  the  tale 
of  Mazeppa,  and  the  first  part  of  Don  Juan  were  given  to 
the  public.  At  an  evening  party,  given  by  the  Countess 
Benzoni,  he  became  acquainted  with  the  Countess  Guic- 
cioli.  Teresa  Gamba,  the  daughter  of  a  Romagnese  noble 
man,  had  recently  been  emancipated  from  the  restraints 
of  a  convent,  and  became  the  wife  of  a  widower  in  ad 
vanced  life,  who  in  his  younger  days  had  been  distin 
guished  as  the  friend  of  Alfieri,  and  in  his  old  age  was  as 
much  courted  for  his  wealth.  At  the  time  of  this  ill-as 
sorted  union,  Teresa  was  only  eighteen,  very  beautiful, 
and,  as  appears  by  the  sequel,  equally  indiscreet.  The 
story  of  the  first  evening  of  their  acquaintance  can  be  best 
told  by  herself: 

"  I  became  acquainted  with  Lord  Byron  in  the  spring  of  1819 : 
—he  was  introduced  to  me  at  Venice,  by  the  Countess  Benzoni, 
at  one  of  that  lady's  parties.  This  introduction,  which  had  so 
much  influence  over  the  lives  of  us  both,  took  place  contrary  to 
our  wishes,  and  had  been  permitted  by  us  only  from  courtesy. 
For  myself,  more  fatigued  than  usual  that  evening  on  account  of 
the  late  hours  they  keep  at  Venice,  I  went  with  great  repugnance 
to  this  party,  and  purely  in  obedience  to  Count  Guiccioli.  Lord 
Byron,  too,  who  was  averse  to  forming  new  acquaintances — alleg 
ing  that  h»  had  entirely  renounced  all  attachments,  and  was  un 
willing  any  more  to  expose  himself  to  their  consequences — on 
being  requested  by  the  Countess  Benzoni  to  allow  himself  to  be 
presented  to  me,  refused,  and,  at  last,  only  assented  from  a  desire 
to  oblige  her.  His  noble  and  exquisitely  beautiful  countenance, 
the  tone  of  his  voice,  his  manners,  the  thousand  enchantments 
that  surrounded  him,  rendered  him  so  different  and  so  superior  a 
being  to  any  whom  I  had  hitherto  seen,  that  it  was  impossible  he 
should  not  have  left  the  most  profound  impression  on  me.  From 
that  evening,  during  the  whole  of  my  subsequent  stay  at  Venice, 
we  met  every  day." 

We  need  only  dwell  upon  this  unhappy  story  long 
enough  to  remark,  that  when  Count  Guiccioli  was,  for  po 
litical  reasons,  banished  from  the  Tuscan  States,  and  em 
barked  for  Genoa,  his  wife  remained  under  Lord  Byron's 
protection.  An  application  to  the  Pope  severed  the  legal 
tie  which  still  bound  her  to  her  husband. 

In  December,  1819,  he  left  Venice,  and  after  visiting 
some  of  the  Italian  dominions  of  Austria,  took  up  his 


residence  at  Ravenna,  and  subsequently  at  Pisa.  In  1820 
he  published  Marino  Faliero,  Doge  of  Venice,  intended  to 
illustrate  the  theory  of  the  dramatic  unities.  Upon  thia 
vexed  question  we  shall  hardly  be  expected  to  enter.  In 
1821  he  published  his  celebrated  epistle  to  the  Rev.  Wil 
liam  Lisle  Bowles,  entitled,  A  Letter  to  the  Author  of 
Strictures  on  the  Life  and  Writings  of  Pope.  In  the  same 
year  appeared  The  Two  Foscari,  a  Tragedy;  Sardanapalus, 
a  Tragedy  ;  and  Cain,  a  Mystery.  Perhaps  this  last  is  the 
most  shocking  exhibition  of  folly  and  skepticism  of  which 
the  author  was  ever  guilty.  What  folly  can  be  greater 
than  that  which  arraigns  the  decrees  of  infinite  wisdom, 
because  unfathomable  by  man's  limited  capacities  ? 

In  the  year  following,  Byron  and  Shelley — par  nobile 
fratmm  —  in  conjunction  with  Mr.  Leigh  Hunt,  com 
menced  the  publication  of  The  Liberal,  a  periodical  which 
was  discontinued  after  the  4th  number,  owing  to  the  death 
of  Shelley,  who  was  drowned  by  the  upsetting  of  a  plea 
sure-boat  in  the  Mediterranean.  Thus  perished  one  of 
the  most  truly  original  poets  that  England  has  ever  seen. 
Had  his  judgment  been  equal  to  his  genius,  and  his  pas 
sions  under  proper  control,  he  would  have  proved  a  bene 
factor  instead  of  an  injury  to  his  race. 

In  the  Liberal  first  appeared  The  Vision  of  Judgment, 
(elicited  by  a  work  with  the  same  title  by  Southey,)  which 
subjected  the  publisher  to  a  prosecution,  and  a  fine  of  £100. 
Heaven  and  Earth,  a  Mystery,  was  presented  to  the  public 
through  the  same  channel.  To  these  latter  compositions 
of  his  lordship,  we  have  to  add  the  concluding  cantos  of 
Don  Juan,  Werner,  a  Tragedy,  and  the  Deformed  Trans 
formed. 

In  September,  1822,  he  quitted  Pisa,  and  passed  the 
winter  at  Genoa.  About  this  time  he  received  an  invita 
tion  from  the  London  Committee  of  Philhellenes,  through 
Mr.  Blaquiere,  to  aid  in  the  deliverance  of  Greece  from 
the  Mohammedan  thraldom  under  which  it  suffered. 
As  this  subject  had  already  enlisted  the  sympathies  of  a 
poet  who  had  long  loved  Greece  for  the  past,  and  mourned 
over  her  present  degradation,  the  invitation  was  cordially 
welcomed : 

"  I  cannot  express  to  you  how  much  I  feel  interested  in  the 
cause,  and  nothing  but  the  hopes  I  entertained  of  witnessing  the 
liberation  of  Italy  itself,  prevented  me  long  ago  from  returning  to 
do  what  I  could,  as  an  individual,  in  that  land  which  it  is  an 
honour  even  to  have  visited." — Letter  to  Mr.  Blaquiere,  Albaro, 
April  5, 1823. 

On  the  14th  of  July,  1823,  he  hired  an  English  vessel, 
and  with  a  few  followers  sailed  from  Genoa  for  Cephalonia, 
which  he  reached  at  the  commencement  of  the  third  cam 
paign.  Finding  from  his  friends,  Trelawney  and  Browne, 
that  Missolonghi  was  in  a  state  of  blockade,  he  advanced 
400,000  piastres  (about  £12,000)  for  the  relief  of  the  be 
sieged  city.  On  the  5th  of  January,  1824,  he  arrived  at 
Missolonghi,  and  attempted  to  raise  a  force  with  which  to 
attack  Lepanto.  He  took  500  Suliotes  into  his  pay,  but 
his  expedition  was  delayed  by  the  disorderly  and  unsettled 
temper  of  his  troops.  Those  whom  he  would  gladly  have 
aided  could  not  agree  among  themselves,  and  discordant 
confusion  reigned  in  their  councils.  Disappointed  and 
chagrined,  his  constitution  gave  way,  and  on  the  15th  of 
February  he  was  attacked  by  a  severe  fit  of  epilepsy.  En 
treaties  were  unsuccessfully  urged  to  induce  him  to  remove 
to  the  healthier  climate  of  Zante :  "  I  cannot,"  he  writes 
to  a  friend,  "  quit  Greece  while  there  is  a  chance  of  my 
being  even  of  (supposed)  utility.  There  is  a  stake  worth 
millions  such  as  I  am,  and  while  I  can  stand  at  all,  I  must 
stand  by  the  cause."  Four  times  within  a  month  the  at 
tack  was  repeated,  yet  he  recovered.  But  on  the  9th  of 
April,  being  caught  in  a  shower  while  taking  his  ride  on 
horseback,  a  rheumatic  fever,  accompanied  with  inflamma 
tion  of  the  brain,  seized  him.  This  occurred  on  the  12th 
inst.,  and  on  the  19th  he  breathed  his  last.  The  account 
of  his  last  moments,  as  given  by  Major  Parry,  Dr.  Mil- 
linger,  and  his  faithful  servant  Fletcher,  is  deeply  inte 
resting.  He  had  been  charging  Fletcher,  in  the  weakness 
of  expiring  nature,  to  carry  messages  to  his  sister,  to 
Lady  Byron,  and  others,  and 

"  He  then  said,  '  Now  I  have  told  you  all.'  '  My  lord,'  replied 
Fletcher,  '  I  have  not  understood  a  word  your  lordship  has  been 
saying.'  'Not  understand  me?'  exclaimed  Lord  Byron,  with  a 
look  of  the  utmost  distress,  'What  a  pity !— then  it  is  too  late; 
all  is  over !'  '  I  hope  not,'  answered  Fletcher, '  but  the  Lord's  will 
be  done.  '  Yes,  not  mine,'  said  Byron.  He  then  tried  to  utter  a 
few  words,  of  which  none  were  intelligible,  except '  My  sister— iny 
child !  He  spoke  also  of  Greece,  saying,  '  I  have  given  her  my 
ime,  my  means,  my  health— and  now  I  give  her  my  life!— what 
could  I  do  more  ?'  .  .  .  It  was  about  six  o'clock  on  the  evening  of 
this  day,  when  he  said,  '  Now  I  shall  go  to  sleep;'  and  then,  turn 
ing  round,  he  fell  into  that  slumber  from  which  he  never  awoke." 
— Moore's  Life  of  Byron. 


BYR 


BYR 


An  American  gentleman,  who  spent  some  days  with 
Lord  Byron  in  February,  1824,  two  months  before  his  de 
cease,  has  published  a  very  interesting  account  of  their 
conversations.  We  give  a  brief  extract : 

"  I  found  the  poet  in  a  weak,  and  rather  irritable,  state,  but  he 
treated  me  with  the  utmost  kindness.  Ue  said  that  at  the  time 
I  first  called  upon  him,  all  strangers,  and  most  of  his  friends,  were 
excluded  from  his  room.  '  But,'  said  he,  '  had  I  known  an  Ameri 
can  was  at  the  door,  you  should  not  have  been  denied.  1  love 
your  country,  sir;  it  is  the  land  of  liberty;  the  only  portion  of 
God's  green  earth  not  desecrated  by  tyranny.'  ...  In  a  few  days 
after  I  left  him,  I  received  another  note  from  him,  requesting  me 
to  call,  and  bring  with  me  IRVINO'S  SKETCH  BOOK.  I  took  it  in 
my  hand,  and  went  once  more  to  the  illustrious  author's  residence. 
He  rose  from  his  couch  when  I  entered,  and,  pressing  my  hand 
warmly,  said,  '  Have  you  brought  the  Sketch  Book  ?'  I  handed  it 
to  him,  when,  seizing  it  with  enthusiasm,  he  turned  to  the 
'  Broken  Heart.'  '  That,'  said  he,  '  is  one  of  the  finest  things  ever 
written  on  earth,  and  I  want  to  hear  an  American  read  it.  But 
stay !  do  you  know  Irving  ?'  I  replied  that  I  had  never  seen  him. 
'God  bless  him!'  exclaimed  Byron;  ' he  is  a  genius ;  and  he  has 
something  better  than  genius — a  heart.  I  wish  I  could  see  him, 
but  I  fear  I  never  shalL  Well,  read— the  "  Broken  Heart"— yes, 
the  "  Broken  Heart."  What  a  word !' 

"  In  closing  the  first  paragraph,  I  said,  '  Shall  I  confess  it  ?  I 
believe  in  broken  hearts.'  '  Yes,'  exclaimed  Byron,  'and  so  do  I, 
and  so  does  everybody  but  philosophers  and  fools.'  While  I  was 
reading  one  of  the  most  touching  portions  of  that  mournful  piece, 
I  observed  that  Byron  wept.  He  turned  his  eyes  upon  me,  and 
said, '  You  see  me  weep,  sir.  Irving  himself  never  wrote  that  story 
without  weeping ;  nor  can  I  hear  it  without  tears.  I  have  not 
wept  much  in  this  world,  lor  trouble  never  brings  tears  to  my 
eyes ;  but  I  always  have  tears  for  the  "  Broken  Heart." '  When 
I  read  the  last  line  of  Moore's  verses  at  the  close  of  the  piece, 
Byron  said,  '  What  a  being  that  Torn  Moore  is,  and  Irving,  and 
Emmet  and  his  beautiful  love!  What  beings  all!  Sir,  how 
many  such  men  as  Washington  Irving  are  there  in  America? 
God  don't  send  many  such  spirits  into  this  world.  I  want  to  go 
to  America  for  five  reasons.  I  want  to  see  Irving ;  I  want  to  see 
your  stupendous  scenery;  I  want  to  see  Washington's  grave;  I 
want  to  see  the  classic  form  of  living  freedom,  and  I  want  to  get 
your  government  to  recognise  Greece  as  an  independent  nation. 
Poor  Greece !' 

"  These  were  the  last  days  of  Byron  ;  and  I  «hall  always  consi 
der  myself  happy  that  I  was  permitted  'SO  often  to  be  with  him." 
The  personal  appearance  of  Lord  Byron  is  so  well 
known  through  the  medium  of  the  portraits  prefixed  to 
his  poems,  that  any  description  seems  superfluous,  and 
must  necessarily  be  very  unsatisfactory. 

"Many  pictures  have  been  painted  of  him,"  says  a  fair 
critic  of  his  features,  "  with  various  success ;  but  the  ex 
cessive  beauty  of  his  lips  escaped  every  painter  and  sculp 
tor.  In  their  ceaseless  play  they  represented  every  emo 
tion,  whether  pale  with  anger,  curled  in  disdain,  smiling 
in  triumph,  or  dimpled  with  archness  and  love." 

His  eyes  were  light,  and  very  expressive,  his  <head  re 
markably  small,  the  forehead  high,  -and  set  oif  to  great 
advantage  by  his  glossy,  dark-brown  curls.  His  teeth 
were  white  and  regular,  his  nose,  though  handsomely, 
rather  thickly,  shaped,  and  his  complexion  colourless. 
His  hands  were  white,  and  -aristocratically  small.  In 
height  he  was  five  feet  eight  inches  and  a  half.  The  lame 
ness  of  his  right  foot,  so  constant  a  subject  of  mortifica 
tion  to  him,  was  in  reality  so  slight,  that  Mr.  Moore  tells 
us  he  had  no  little  difficulty  in  deciding,  amidst  the  con 
flicting  testimony  of  friends,  which  foot  it  was  that  was 
so  affected. 

It  will  now  be  proper  to  quote  some  opinions  upon  the 
works  of  an  author,  who,  whether  commended  or  censured, 
will  always  occupy  a  distinguished  rank  in  the  records  of 
English  literature : 

"  If  the  finest  poetry  be  that  which  leaves  the  deepest  impres 
sion  on  the  minds  of  its  readers — and  this  is  not  the  worst  test  of 
its  excellence — Lord  Byron,  we  think,  must  be  allowed  to  take 
precedence  of  all  his  distinguished  contemporaries.  He  has  not 
the  variety  of  Scott— nor  the  delicacy  of  Campbell— nor  the  abso 
lute  truth  of  Crabbe— nor  the  sparkling  polish  of  Moore ;  but  in 
force  of  diction,  and  unextinguishable  energy  of  sentiment,  he 
clearly  surpasses  them  all.  '  Words  that  breathe,  and  thoughts 
that  burn  are  not  merely  the  ornaments,  but  the  common  staple 
of  his  poetry ;  and  he  is  not  inspired  or  impressive  only  in  some 
happy  passages,  but  through  the  whole  body  and  tissue  ol  his 
composition.  .  He  delights  too  exclusively  in  the  delineation 
of  a  certain  morbid  exaltation  of  character  and  of  feeling.-a  sort 
of  demoniacal  sublimity  not  without  some  traits  of  the  ruined 
archangel.  He  is  haunted  almost  pei-petually  with  the  imaire  of 
a  being  feeding  and  fed  upon  by  violent  passions,  and  the  recol 
lections  of  the  catastrophes  they  have  occasioned  Such  is 
the  person  with  whom  we  are  called  upon  almost  exclusively  to 
sympathize  in  all  the  greater  productions  of  this  distinguished 
writer:— In  Childe  Harold,  in  the  Corsair,  in  Lara  in  the  Sip^e  of 
Corinth  in  Parisina  and  in  most  of  the  smaUer  pieces  It  is  im 
possible  to  represent  such  a  character  better  than  Lord  Bvron  has 
done  in  all  these  productions,— or,  indeed,  any  thing  more  terrible 
in  its  anger,  or  more  attractive  in  its  relenting.  In  point  of  effect 
we  readily  admit  that  no  one- character  can  be  more  poetic-il  or 
more  impressive :— But  it  is  really  too  much  to  find  the  scene  per 
petually  filled  by  one  character— not  only  in  all  the  acts  but  in 
all  the  different  pieces ;— and,  grand  and  impressive  as  it  is  we 


feel  at  last  that  these  very  qualities  make  some  relief  more  indis 
pensable,  and  oppress  the  spirits  of  ordinary  mortals  with  too 
deep  an  impression  of  awe  and  repulsion.  There  is  too  much 
guilt,  in  short,  and  too  much  gloom,  in  the  leading  character; — 
and,  though  it  be  a  fine  thing  to  gaze,  now  and  then,  on  stormy 
seas  and  thunder-shaken  mountains,  we  should  prefer  passing  our 
days  in  sheltered  valleys,  and  by  the  murmur  of  calm  waters.  . .  . 
We  certainly  have  no  hope  of  preaching  him  into  philanthropy 
and  cheerfulness ;  but  it  is  impossible  not  to  mourn  over  such  a 
catastrophe  of  such  a  mind,  or  to  see  the  prodigal  gifts  of  Nature, 
Fortune,  and  Fame  thus  turned  to  bitterness,  without  an  oppres 
sive  feeling  of  impatience,  mortification,  and  surprise." — LORD  JEF 
FREY  :  Edin.  Review,  xxvii.  277.  Read  this  elaborate  article,  in 
which  the  merits  and  demerits  of  Byron's  different  poems  are  re 
viewed  at  length. 

"  The  Third  Canto  of  Childe  Harold  exhibits,  in  all  its  strength, 
and  in  all  its  peculiarity,  the  wild,  powerful,  and  original  vein  of 
poetry,  which,  in  the  preceding  cantos,  first  fixed  the  public  atten 
tion  upon  the  author.  If  there  is  any  difference,  the  former  seem 
to  us  to  have  been  rather  more  sedulously  corrected  and  revised 
for  publication,  and  the  present  work  to  have  been  dashed  from  the 
author's  pen  with  less  regard  to  the  subordinate  points  of  expres 
sion  and  versification.  Yet  such  is  the  deep  and  powerful  strain 
of  passion,  such  the  original  tone  and  colouring  of  description, 
that  the  want  of  polish  in  some  of  its  minute  points  rather  adds 
to,  than  deprives,  the  poem  of  its  energy." — Lon.  Quarterly  lie- 
view,  xvi.  172. 

"  I  agree  very  much  in  what  you  say  of  Childe  Harold.  Though 
there  is  something  provoking  and  insulting  to  morality  and  to 
feeling  in  his  misanthropical  ennui,  it  gives  nevertheless  an  odd 
piquancy  to  his  descriptions  and  reflections.  This  is  upon  the 
whole  a  piece  of  most  extraordinary  power,  and  may  rank  its  au 
thor  with  our  first  poets.  I  see  the  Edinburgh  Review  has  hauled 
its  wind."— Sir  Walter  Scott  to  Air.  Morritt.  May  12,  1812. 

"  My  intrusion  concerns  a  large  debt  of  gratitude  due  to  your 
lordship.  .  .  .  The  first  count,  as  our  technical  language  expresses 
it,  relates  to  the  high  pleasure  I  have  received  from  The  Pilgrim 
age  of  Childe  Harold,  and  from  its  precursors ;  the  former,  with 
all  its  classical  associations,  some  of  which  are  lost  on  so  poor  a 
scholar  as  I  am,  possesses  the  additional  charm  of  vivid  and  ani 
mated  description,  mingled  with  original  sentiment.  ...  I  hope 
your  lordship  intends  to  give  us  more  of  Childe  Harold.  I  was 
delighted  that  my  friend  Jeffrey — for  such,  in  spite  of  many  a 
feud,  literary  and  political,  I  always  esteem  him — has  made  so 
handsomely  the  amende,  honorable  for  not  having  discovered  in  the 
]  bud  the  merits  of  the  flower ;  and  I  am  happy  to  understand  that 
the  retraction  so  handsomely  made  was  received  with  equal  libe 
rality.''—^^  Walter  Scott  to  Lord  Byron,  July  3  and  16,  1812. 

Sir  Walter  gives  an  interesting  account  of  his  first  in 
troduction  to  Lord  Byron,  which  occurred  in  the  spring  of 
1815: 

"  I  found  Lord  Byron  in  the  highest  degree  courteous,  and  even 
kind.  We  met  for  an  hour  or  two  almost  daily  in  Mr.  Murray's 
1  drawing-room,  and  found  a  great  deal  to  say  to  each  other.  .  .  . 
His  reading  did  not  seem  to  me  to  have  been  very  extensive, 
either  in  poetry  or  history.  Having  the  advantage  of  him  in  that 
respect,  and  possessing  a  good  competent  share  of  such  reading  as 
is  little  read,  I  was  sometimes  able  to  put  under  his  eye  objects 
which  -had  for  him  the  interest  of  novelty."  See  Lockhart's  Life 
of  Scott. 

"  Never  had  any  writer  so  vast  a  command  of  the  whole  eloquence 
of  scorn,  misanthropy,  and  despair.  That  Marah  was  never  dry. 
No  art  could  sweeten,  no  draughts  could  exhaust,  its  perennial 
waters  of  bitterness.  Never  was  there  such  variety  in  monotony 
as  that  of  Byron.  From  maniac  laughter  to  piercing  lamentation, 
there  was  not  a  single  note  of  human  anguish  of  which  he  was  not 
master.  Year  after  year,  and  month  after  month,  he  continued  to 
repeat  that  to  be  wretched  is  the  destiny  of  all ;  that  to  be  emi 
nently  wretched  is  the  destiny  of  the  eminent ;  that  all  the  desires 
by  which  we  are  cursed  lead  alike  to  misery ;  if  they  are  not  grati 
fied,  to  the  misery  of  disappointment;  if  they  are  gratified,  to  the 
misery  of  satiety.  His  principal  heroes  are  men  who  have  arrived 
by  different  roads  at  the  same  goal  of  despair,  who  are  sick  of  life, 
who  are  at  war  with  society ;  who  are  supported  in  their  anguish 
only  by  an  unquenchable  pride,  resembling  that  of  Prometheus  on 
the  rock,  or  of  Satan  in  the  burning  marl;  who  can  master  their 
agonies  by  the  force  of  their  will,  and  who,  to  the  last,  defy  the 
whole  power  of  earth  and  heaven.  He  always  described  himself 
as  a  man  of  the  same  kind  with  his  favourite  creations,  as  a  man 
whose  heart  had  been  withered,  whose  capacity  for  happiness  was 
gone,  and  could  not  be  restored;  but  whose  invincible  spirit  dared 
the  worst  that  could  befall  him  here  or  hereafter.  .  .  .  Among  that 
large  class  of  young  persons  whose  reading  is  almost  confined 
to  works  of  imagination,  the  popularity  of  Lord  Byron  was  un 
bounded.  They  bought  pictures  of  him,  they  treasured  up  the 
smallest  relics  of  him ;  they  learned  his  poems  by  heart,  and  did 
their  best  to  write  like  him,  to  look  like  him.  Many  of  them  prao- 
!  tised  at  the  glass,  in  the  hope  of  catching  the  curl  of  the  upper 
j  lip,  and  the  scowl  of  the  brow,  which  appear  in  some  of  his  por 
traits.  A  few  discarded  their  neckcloths  in  imitation  of  their 
great  leader.  For  some  years,  the  Minerva  press  sent  forth  no 
novel  without  a  mysterious,  unhappy,  Lara-like  Peer.  The  num 
ber  of  hopeful  undergraduates  and  medical  students  who  became 
things  of  dark  imaginings,  on  whom  the  freshness  of  the  heart 
ceased  to  tall  like  dew,  whose  passions  had  consumed  themselves 
to  dust,  and  to  whom  the  relief  of  tears  was  denied,  passes  all  cal- 
i  culation.  This  was  not  the  worst.  There  was  created  in  the  minds 
I  of  many  of  these  enthusiasts,  a  pernicious  and  absurd  association 
!  between  intellectual  power  and  moral  depravity.  From  the  poetry 
of  Lord  Byron  they  drew  up  a  system  of  ethics,  compounded  or 
I  misanthropy  and  voluptuousness:  a  system  in  which  the  two 
!  great  commandments  were  to  hate  your  neighbour  and  to  love  your 
neighbour's  wife." — LORD  MACAULAY  :  Klin.  Review,  June,  1831 ; 
and  in  his  Crit.  and  Histor.  Essays,  1854,  i.  345,  347,  348. 

See  also  Recollections  of  Lord  Byron,  by  R.  C.  Dallas, 


BYR 


BYR 


1824 ;  Conversations  of  Lord  Byron,  by  Thomas  Medwin, 
1824;  The  Last  Days  of  Lord  Byron,  by  Major  Wm.  Parry; 
Lord  Byron  and  some  of  his  Contemporaries,  by  Leigh 
Hunt,  1828 ;  Conversations  on  Religion  with  Lord  Byron 
and  others,  by  James  Kennedy,  M.D.,  1830  ;  Conversations 
with  Lord  Byron  by  Lady  Blessington,  1836 ;  Life  of  Byron 
by  John  Gait,  1837 ;    Life  of  Lord  Byron  by  Armstrong, 
1846  ;  Recollections  of  the  Last  Days  of  Byron  and  Shelley,  j 
by  E.  J.  Trelawney,  1858;  Shelley's  Julian  and  Maddolo;  i 
Moir's  Sketches  of  the  Poet.  Lit.  of  the  Past  Half-Century,  | 
1851;    Alison's   Hist,  of   Europe,   1815-1852,   chap.   v. ; 
Newstead  Abbey, — in  Washington  Irving's  Crayon  Mis 
cellanies;  Lon.  Quar.  Rev.,  vols.  vii.,  x.,  xi.,  xix.,  xxvii., 
xxxvii. ;  articles  by  Lord  Jeffrey  in  Edin.  Rev.,  vols.  ix.,  i 
xix.,  xxi.,  xxiii.,  xxvii.,   xxviii.,   xxix.,   xxxv.,   xxxvi.,  j 
xxxviii. ;  articles  in  North  Amer.  Rev.,  vols.  v.,  (W.  Phil-  ' 
lips,)  xiii.  227,  (John  Everett,)  xiii.  450,  (Wm.  H.  Pres- 
cott,)  xx.,  (A.H.Everett,)  xxi.,  (A.  Norton,)  xxxi.,  xxxvi., 
(both  by  W.  B.  0.  Peabody,)  Ix.,  (E.  P.  Whipple;)   Index 
to  Blackw.  Mag.,  1855,  vols.  i.-l. ;  Poole's  Index  to  Period. 
Lit.,  1853,  60-61. 

Lord  Byron  presented  Mr.  Moore  with  his  autobio 
graphy,  and  Mr.  M.  sold  the  MS.  to  John  Murray  for  2000 
guineas.  Lord  Byron's  family,  after  his  decease,  expressed 
some  unwillingness  to  have  the  MS.  published.  Mr.  Moore, 
with  a  delicacy  worthy  of  the  highest  praise,  destroyed  the 
papers,  and  returned  Mr.  Murray  the  2000  guineas  pur 
chase-money,  with  interest.  An  offer  to  reimburse  the  large 
sum  thus  cheerfully  sacrificed  was  positively  refused  by  Mr. 
Moore.  From  specimens  of  this  autobiography  quoted  to 
us  by  Washington  Irving,  who  inspected  the  MS.,  we  are 
perfectly  satisfied  with  the  disposition  made  of  the  original. 
Two  of  our  countrymen — Mr.  George  Ticknor,  author  of 
The  History  of  Spanish  Literature,  and  Mr.  Edward 
Everett,  late  minister  of  the  United  States  of  America  at 
the  Court  of  St.  James — have  favoured  us  with  their  MS. 
Recollections  of  Lord  Byron.  Mr.  Ticknor  writes  us, 
(July  22,  1858,  "from  memoranda  made  at  the  time,") 

"  I  became  acquainted  with  Lord  Byron  in  June,  1815,  through 
the  kindness  of  Mr.  Gifford,  editor  of  the  Quarterly  Review,  who 
had  a  personal  regard  for  the  great  poet,  and  to  whom  alone,  as 
Lord  Byron  more  than  once  told  me,  he  supposed  himself  to  be  in 
debted  for  the  kindness  shown  him  in  that  eminently  Tory  journal. 
Lord  Byron  was  then  living  in  a  large  and  fine  house  in  Piccadilly. 
I  saw  him  there  only  a  few  times — four  in  all — during  the  ten  days 
I  was  in  London  after  I  became  acquainted  with  him ;  besides 
which,  however,  I  met  him  once  in  Murray's  room  in  Albemarle 
St.,  and  once  passed  an  evening  with  him,  Lady  Byron,  and  Sir 
Ralph  and  Lady  Noel,  in  his  private  box  in  Drury  Lane  Theatre,  to 
see  Kean  in  '  Rule  a  Wife,'— Lord  Byron  being  then  one  of  the 
managing-committee  of  that  theatre  and  an  admirer  of  Kean. 
The  whole  of  such  an  acquaintance  was  necessarily  not  much,  and 
could  give  only  the  most  superficial  view  even  of  his  manners. 

"Each  time  that  I  saw  him  at  home,  Lady  Byron  was  with  him, 
or  came  into  the  room  while  I  was  there.  On  these  occasions,  as 
well  as  at  the  theatre,  his  manners  towards  her  were  very  natural  | 
and  simple,  and  those  of  a  happy  man.  He  had  then  been  married  j 
about  six  months,  and  was  separated  from  her  about  six  months  I 
afterwards,  under  circumstances  still  imperfectly  explained  to  the  j 
public,  but  which  were  known  at  the  time  to  Dr.  Lushington.  His  j 
remarkable  letter,  published  at  the  end  of  Moore's  life,  when  taken  ' 
in  connection  with  the  pure  and  elevated  character  of  the  eminent  j 
magistrate  who  wrote  it  to  express  his  deliberate  judgment  on  ! 
the  whole  affair,  can  leave  no  reasonable  doubt  that  the  separation  | 
was  made  from  causes  very  discreditable  to  Lord  Byron. 

"  The  first  time  I  saw  him,  I  was  struck  with  his  movements  as  i 
he  came  into  the  room  where  I  was  waiting  for  him.  There  was  a 
screen  before  the  door,  so  that  I  could  not  immediately  see  liim ; 
but  the  sound  that  came  from  behind  it  was  as  if  two  or  three 
people  were  entering  together.  He  advanced  towards  me  rapidly, 
with  his  person  bent  forward,  owing,  I  supposed,  to  the  malcon- 
formation  of  his  lower  limbs,  for  I  noticed  the  same  thing  on  other 
occasions.  Soon  after  he  sat  down  he  took  up  one  of  hia  feet— 
which  were  nicely  laced  in  Wellington  boots,  and  had  fashionable 
white  drill  pantaloons  drawn  down  over  them  tight  and  low— and 
patted  and  petted  it,  as  I  thought,  to  see  whether  I  took  any  espe 
cial  notice  of  it.  I  was  careful  not  to  do  so.  I  had  been  warned. 
But,  except  in  these  trifles,  I  never  saw  any  thing  in  his  manner 
that  was  probably  the  result  of  his  deformity.  In  all  the  upper 
part  of  his  person  he  was  very  handsome,  round,  and  full;  but  his 
complexion  was  sallow  and  pale.  His  general  air  was  perfectly 
easy  and  natural.  The  tones  of  his  voice  were  low  and  conciliating. 

"  He  talked  a  good  deal  about  America,  and  was  curious  on  the 
subject  of  our  universities  and  literature,  inquiring  particularly 
whether  we  looked  upon  Barlow  as  our  Homer.  Of  his  own  '  Eng 
lish  Bards  and  Scotch  Reviewers,'  which  was  then  suppressed  in 
England,  he  said  that  he  wrote  it  when  he  was  very  young  and 
very  angry, — adding  that  those  were  the  only  circumstances  under 
which  a  man  would  write  such  a  satire.  Since  he  had  come  back 
to  England,  he  said  that  Lord  Holland,  who  had  been  very  kind  to 
him,  and  Rogers,  who  had  become  his  friend,  had  asked  him  not 
to  continue  to  reprint  it,  and  so  he  had  suppressed  it.  Indeed,  he 
went  on,  he  had  become  of  late  acquainted  with  nearly  all  the 
persons  he  had  satirized,  and  had  a  hearty  liking  for  them,  espe 
cially  as  they  did  not  refuse  to  know  a  person  who  had  so  much 
abused  them.  He  had  no  longer  any  quarrel  with  any  of  them  ! 
except  Lord  Carlisle ;  and,  as  that  was  a  family  difference,  he  said 
he  supposed  it  would  never  be  settled.  On  every  account,  there-  J 


fore,  he  expressed  himself  as  glad  that  the  book  was  out  of  print ; 
and  yet  he  showed  no  regret  when  I  told  him  that  it  was  freely 
circulated  in  the  United  States.  His  poems  published  during  his 
minority  he  said  he  had  suppressed  because  they  were  not  worth 
reading;  and  he  wondered  that  our  booksellers  should  reprint  them. 

"  While  he  was  talking  in  this  way,  Sir  James  Bland  Burges — a 
fourth  or  fifth  rate  poet  who  wrote  '  The  Exodiad'  with  Cumber 
land,  and  a  part  of  whose  Epick  on  Richard  the  Lion-Hearted 
Lord  Byron,  in  his  '  Hints  from  Horace,'  says  he  found  at  Malta 
lining  a  trunk — came  suddenly  into  the  room,  and  said,  abruptly, 
'My  lord!  my  lord!  a  great  battle  has  been  fought  in  the  Low 
Countries,  and  Bonaparte  is  entirely  defeated.'  '  But  is  it  true  ?' 
said  Lord  Byron ;  '  is  it  true?'  '  Yes,  my  lord,  it  is  certainly  true. 
An  aid-de-camp  arrived  in  town  last  night :  he  has  been  in  Down 
ing  Street  this  morning,  and  I  have  just  seen  him,  as  he  was  going 
to  Lady  Wellington's.  He  says  he  thinks  Bonaparte  is  now  in  full 
retreat  towards  Paris.'  After  an  instant's  pause,  Lord  Byron  re 
plied,  '  I  am  d— d  sorry  for  it.'  And  then,  after  another  slight 
pause,  he  added,  'I  didn't  know  but  I  might  live  to  see  Lord 
Castlereagh's  head  on  a  pole ;  but  I  suppose  I  sha'n't  now.'  And 
this  was  the  first  impression  produced  on  his  impetuous  and  ill- 
governed  nature  by  the  news  of  the  battle  of  Waterloo.  Two  days 
afterwards  I  met  him  at  Murray's  Rooms,  where  he  received  very 
good-humouredly  the  satirical  congratulations  of  Gifford  and  some 
other  of  his  Tory  friends  on  the  great  victory ;  but  he  did  not  dis 
guise  his  feelings  or  opinions  about  it,  and  would  not  admit  that 
the  emperor's  case  was  desperate  even  then.  I  was  much  surprised 
at  all  this,  though  less  than  I  should  have  been  if  I  had  not  already 
heard  similar  feelings  about  the  whole  war  of  the  Hundred  Days 
with  Bonaparte  expressed  by  leading  Whigs,  such  as  the  excellent 
Mr.  Roscoe  at  Liverpool,  who  of  course  spoke  more  wisely  and 
mildly  on  the  siibject,  and  by  Dr.  Parr,  at  Hatton,  who  was  almost 
as  extravagant  as  Lord  Byron. 

"  A  day  or  two  afterwards  he  sent  me  a  copy  of  all  his  works, 
with  letters  of  introduction  for  Greece  and  Turkey, — adding  to  the 
one  for  AH  Pacha  a  curious  pistol,  which  I  subsequently  returned, 
as  I  went  to  Spain  instead  of  Greece.  Two  of  the  letters  I  still 
possess ;  and  I  have  just  observed,  by  a  comparison  with  notes 
that  I  received  from  Lady  Byron  twenty  years  later,  that  one  of 
them,  which  is  in  very  nicely-turned  French,  is  in  her  handwriting. 

"  On  another  occasion  Lord  Byron  talked  to  me  of  a  plan  he  had 
once  entertained  of  establishing  himself  in  Greece ;  and  twice  he 
expressed  to  me  his  purpose  of  visiting  the  United  States,  saying 
the  first  time  that  he  had  never  envied  any  men  more  than  he  did 
Lewis  and  Clarke  when  he  read  the  account  of  their  travels,  and 
that  he  had  ever  since  felt  the  greatest  desire  to  see  our  Indians. 
The  '  English  Bards,'  to  which  he  recurred  again,  he  told  me  he 
wrote  at  his  place  in  the  country  the  winter  before  he  went  to 
Greece,  at  a  time  when  there  was  a  heavy  fall  of  snow  on  the 
ground ;  and  he  kept  house  for  a  month,  during  which  time  he 
never  saw  the  light  of  day, — rising  in  the  evening  after  dark,  and 
going  to  bed  in  the  morning  before  dawn.  'The  Corsair'  he  said 
he  wrote  in  eleven  days  and  copied  for  the  press  on  the  twelfth,— 
adding  that  whenever  he  undertook  any  thing  he  found  it  neces 
sary  to  give  himself  wholly  to  it.  For  this  reason  he  supposed  he 
could  never  complete  Childe  Harold,  which  he  began  at  Yanina 
and  broke  off  at  Smyrna.  It  was  so  long  since  he  had  laid  it  aside 
that  he  should  not,  he  believed,  ever  be  able  to  resume  it. 

"  An  American  copy  of  his  works,  in  two  small  and  very  shabby 
volumes,  printed,  I  think,  at  Philadelphia,  gave  him  evident  plea 
sure.  He  was  glad,  he  said,  to  see  it  in  so  cheap  a  form  that  every 
body  could  buy  it.  It  was  in  boards ;  and  he  said  he  should  keep 
it  so,  preferring  to  have  it  just  as  it  came  from  America.  In  this 
and  in  other  ways  he  showed  that  he  valued  his  American  reputa 
tion,  of  which  he  was  then  just  beginning  to  be  aware. 

';  Above  two  years  after  this,  in  October,  1817,  as  I  was  passing 
from  Venice  to  Ferrara,  I  stopped  at  Mira  on  the  Brenta, — the  Mira 
of  Dante's  Purgatorio,— where  Lord  Byron  was  then  living.  It  was 
eleven  o'clock  in  the  forenoon;  but  he  was  not  up.  Fletcher,  his 
body-servant,  however,  remembered  me,  and,  after  taking  my  card 
to  him,  showed  me  into  a  room  nicely  furnished  in  the  English 
fashion,  where  I  found  Mr.  Hobhouse  (now  Lord  Broughton)  hard 
at  work  with  learned-looking  books,  and  had  some  very  agreeable 
talk  with  him  till  Lord  Byron  came  down.  Contrary  to  my  ex 
pectation,  he  showed  no  marks  of  the  wild  and  reckless  life  he  had 
led  since  I  saw  him  in  London.  His  countenance  was  just  as  fair, 
smooth,  and  round  as  ever.  His  conversation,  however,  I  thought 
a  little  different.  Its  tone  seemed  to  me  to  be  more  lively,  various, 
and  decided.  As  I  had  been  a  good  deal  in  Germany,  he  asked  me 
if  I  had  seen  Goethe ;  and,  finding  that  I  had,  he  put  to  me  many 
questions  about  him.  He  told  me  that  Mr.  M.  G.  Lewis  had  made 
him  an  extemporaneous  translation  of  Faust,  reading  it  to  him  from 
German  into  English, — which  accounted  to  me  for  a  certain  resem 
blance  in  parts  of  Manfred  to  that  remarkable  poem,  which  had 
not  then  been  translated  into  English  and  which  I  was  aware  he 
could  not  read  in  the  original.  He  was  curious,  too,  to  know  about 
Goethe's  personal  enemies,  whose  number  he  had  understood  to  be 
considerable  ;  and  when  I  gave  him  an  account  of  a  very  severe 
article  on  Goethe  in  the  Edinburgh  Review,  which,  to  his  great 
annoyance,  had  been  translated  and  published  under  his  nose  at 
Jena  by  Oken,  Lord  Byron  showed  at  first  an  amusing,  eagerness 
to  hear  all  about  it,  but  then,  seeming  to  check  himself,  said  as  if 
half  in  earnest  though  still  laughing,  'And  yet  I  don't  know  what 
sympathy  I  can  have  with  Goethe  except  that  of  an  injured 
author.  And  this,  I  think,  was  the  exact  truth ;  for  he  left  on  mv 
mind  that  morning  no  doubt  that  he  felt  himself  to  be  under 
valued  as  a  poet  in  England. 

"Both  he  and  Mr.  Hobhouse  spoke  with  great  satisfaction  of 
their  residence  in  Italy,— Lord  Byron,  to  my  surprise,  placing  its 
attractions  much  higher  than  those  of  Greece.  It  will  be  remem 
bered  that  he  had  then  written,  but  had  not  printed,  the  fourth 
canto  of  Childe  Harold:  and  Mr.  Hobhouse,  I  have  always  sup 
posed,  was,  when  I  entered  the  parlour  at  Mira,  at  work  on  the 
notes  to  it,  which  he  published  soon  afterwards." 

Mr.  Everett  writes  us,  (August  3,  1858,) 

"  Having  at  a  very  early  age  begun  to  feel  a  great  interest  in 


BYR 


BYW 


modern  Greece,  that  feeling  was  raised  to  enthusiasm  by  the  two 
first  cantos  of  Childe  Harold,  which  appeared  the  year  after  I  left 
college.  Determined  to  visit  Greece  myself,  I  felt  on  that  account 
especially  desirous,  on  my  arrival  in  London  in  the  spring  of  1815, 
of  making  the  acquaintance  of  Lord  Byron.  I  was  offered  an  in 
troduction  to  him  by  more  than  one  friend, — particularly  by  Richard 
Sharpe,  Esq.,  better  known  in  society  as  '  Conversation  Sharpe.' 
Delays,  however,  took  place,  and  my  youthful  impatience  led  me 
somewhat  to  overstep  the  bounds  of  strict  propriety.  I  addressed 
a  note  to  Lord  Byron,  sending  with  it  a  copy  of  a  poetical  trifle 
privately  printed  by  me  some  time  before,  in  which  he  was  men 
tioned,  and  asking  the  honor  of  his  acquaintance.  I  received  a 
most  obliging  answer  from  him  the  next  day,  accompanied  with  a  ; 
set  of  his  poems  in  four  volumes,  (rendered  doubly  valuable  by 
marginal  corrections  in  his  handwriting,)  and  appointing  an  hour 
when  he  would  see  me.  His  reception  of  me  was  most  cordial. 
Intercourse  between  the  two  countries  was  just  reopened  after  the 
war  of  1812-1814,  and  I  was  the  first  person  from  the  United  States 
whose  acquaintance  he  had  made.  He  expressed  high  satisfaction 
at  the  account  I  gave  him  of  his  transatlantic  fame.  Our  con 
versation  was  principally  on  the  state  of  education  and  literature 
in  this  country,  and  on  Greece,  to  which  he  said  he  was  so  much 
attached  that  but  for  family  considerations  he  should  be  disposed 
to  pass  his  life  there.  He  offered  me,  without  solicitation  on  my 
part,  loiters  to  his  friends  there,  and,  among  them,  to  Ali  Pacha  of 
Albania. 

"  The  state  of  public  affairs  was  then  very  critical.  Napoleon, 
recently  escaped  from  Elba,  was  advancing  rapidly  to  meet  the 
Prussian  and  English  armies  in  Belgium.  The  probable  result  of 
the  impending  conflict  was  discussed  with  warmth  by  Lord  Byron. 
'  Napoleon,'  said  he,  '  will  at  first,  no  doubt,  drive  the  Duke  of  Wel 
lington.  That  I  shall  be  sorry  for:  I  don't  want  to  have  my 
countrymen  beaten.  But  I  will  tell  you  what  I  do  want.  I  want 
to  see  Lord  Castlereagh's  head  carried  on  a  pike  beneath  that 
window.'  This  feeling,  violent  as  it  is,  seems  to  have  been  pretty 
deliberately  cherished  by  Lord  Byron.  It  is  expressed  in  his  con 
versation  with  Mr.  Ticknor  a  few  days  later,  after  the  battle  of 
Waterloo  had  been  fought ;  and  in  a  letter  to  Moore  written  a  day 
or  two  before  I  saw  Lord  B.  he  says,  '  Of  politics  we  have  nothing 
but  the  yell  for  war ;  and  Castlereagh  is  preparing  his  head  for 
the  pike,  on  which  we  shall  see  it  carried  before  he  has  done.' 

"  Lord  Byron — at  this  time  in  the  enjoyment  of  his  reputation  as 
the  chief  of  the  modern  British  Parnassus — had  laid  aside  entirely 
the  misanthropic  tone  and  eccentric  manners  with  which  he  re 
turned  from  the  East.  He  was  a  great  favorite  in  society,  and 
happy,  to  all  appearance,  at  home.  He  had  also  formed  friendly 
relations  with  many  of  those  whom  he  had  attacked  most  fiercely 
in  '  English  Bards  and  Scotch  Reviewers.'  Mr.  Rogers  gave  me  an 
amusing  account  of  the  commencement  of  his  acquaintance  with 
Lord  Byron  on  his  return  from  the  East.  It  took  place  in  con 
nection  with  the  reconciliation  of  Byron  and  Moore,  of  which  the 
successive  steps  are  minutely  related  in  Moore's  Life  of  Byron.  Mr. 
Rogers,  having  been  informed  by  Moore  that  Byron  and  he  had 
agreed  on  a  meeting  as  friends,  proposed  that  it  should  be  at  his 
(Mr.  Rogers's)  house,  and  desired  Moore  to  invite  Byron  to  meet  him 
at  dinner  there.  This  invitation  was  accepted  in  the  most  gracious 
manner  by  Byron.  It  was  intended  at  first  that  the  party  should 
be  confined  to  the  trio ;  but  Campbell  happened  to  call  on  Mr. 
Rogers  in  the  course  of  the  morning,  and  was  invited  to  join  them. 
This  was  in  the  first  week  of  November,  1811 ;  and  at  that  time 
Byron  was  not  personally  known  to  Rogers,  Moore,  or  Campbell ! 
Mr.  Rogers  introduced  himself  to  Lord  Byron,  and  presented  the 
other  two  as  they  arrived.  Mr.  Rogers — whose  dinners  were  always 
perfect — had  taken  pains  to  have  a  particularly  nice  one  that  day. 
He  soon  found,  however,  somewhat  to  his  consternation,  that  there 
was  nothing  on  the  table  which  Lord  Byron  could  eat  or  drink. 
He  was  at  that  time  in  one  of  the  frequent  fits  of  abstinence  which 
he  practised  to  check  a  tendency  to  grow  stout.  After  refusing 
every  thing  on  the  table,  he  asked  for  hard  biscuit  and  soda-water, 
neither  of  which  happened  to  be  in  the  house.  The  soda-water 
was  sent  for  and  procured,  but  the  biscuit  was  not  to  be  had  in 
the  neighborhood.  Lord  Byron  then  called  for  the  potatoes,  filled 
his  plate  with  them,  and,  pouring  the  contents  of  the  vinegar-cruet 
over  them,  made  a  hearty  meal.  His  manner  and  conversation  on 
this  occasion  did  not  appear  to  have  pleased  Mr.  Rogers  so  much  as 
they  did  Mr.  Moore.  Whenever  I  saw  Lord  Byron,  his  deportment 
and  conversation  were  those  of  a  well-bred,  intelligent  man  of  the 
world,  wholly  free  from  affectation  and  eccentricity. 

"It  has  been  a  question  whether  Lord  Byron  was  lame  in  one 
foot  or  both.  My  own  impression,  when  I  saw  him,  was  that  the 
deformity  extended  equally  to  both  feet ;  and  such  I  understand 
Mr.  Trelawney,  speaking  from  actual  inspection  after  death,  de 
clares  to  have  been  the  case.  It  was  concealed  from  the  eye  by 
very  long  and  loose  trousers,  but  caused  him  to  walk  with  a  slight 
jerk  at  the  hip.  Mr.  Rogers  and  Lord  Byron  were  leaving  a  party 
together,  shortly  after  his  return  from  the  Continent.  A  linkman 
accosted  Lord  B.  by  name.  Mr.  Rogers  heedlessly  said,  '  You  see 
everybody  knows  you  already.'  Lord  Byron  rejoined,  with  a  bitter 
expression,  •  Yes ;  I  am  deformed.'  This  feeling  seems  to  have  been 
habitually  present  to  his  mind,  if  we  can  trust  his  biographers: 
but  on  no  occasion  when  I  saw  him  did  his  countenance  wear  the 
expression  of  gloom  or  care. 

"Three  years  and  a  half  after  I  saw  him  in  London,  I  had  an 
opportunity  of  renewing  my  acquaintance  with  Lord  Byron  at 
Venice,  where  I  saw  him  a  few  times  in  the  autumn  of  1818.  Not 
withstanding  the  events  which  had  occurred  since  I  saw  him  in 
London,  there  was  no  change  in  his  general  appearance  and  man 
ner.  Our  conversation  was  again  very  much  on  Greece,  which  I 
was  to  visit  the  next  spring  and  for  which  he  furnished  me  addi 
tional  letters.  He  now  spoke  with  some  confidence  of  taking  up 
his  abode  there,  though  the  revolution  which  caused  him  to  do  so 
had  not  yet  broken  out.  He  dwelt  at  some  length  on  the  state  of 
society  in  Italy,  particularly  in  Venice,  and  especially  on  the  circle 
at  the  Countess  Albrizzi's,  which  Lord  B.  attended  every  evening 
for  two  years,  to  which  I  had  the  good  fortune  to  be  introduced  by 
Ugo  Foscolo.  He  spoke  also  with  a  good  deal  of  interest  of  the 
324 


Armenian  studies  which  he  carried  on  for  a  short  time  under 
Father  Pascal  Auger,  of  the  Armenian  Convent  at  Venice.  Thia 
learned  and  amiable  ecclesiastic,  whom  I  had  the  pleasure  of  know 
ing,  told  me  that  for  the  short  time  that  Lord  Byron  studied  with 
him  he  made  rapid  progress.  He  translated  into  English  Father 
Anchor's  Armeno-Italian  grammar,  and  also  the  unauthentic 
Epistles  of  Paul  to  the  Corinthians,  which  had  never  appeared  in 
an  English  version.  They  are  found,  as  translated  by  Lord  Byron, 
in  the  Appendix  to  Moore's  Life. 

"  It  is  scarcely  necessary  to  add  that  Lord  Byron's  letters  to  his 
friends  in  Corfu,  Albania,  and  Greece  Proper  were  of  the  greatest 
service  to  me,  especially  at  the  court  of  Ali  Pacha.  '  Dark  Muctar, 
his  son,'  so  well  known  to  the  readers  of  Childe  Harold,  was  the 
first  person  of  eminence  whom  I  saw  at  Yanina,  of  which  he  was 
then  the  governor." 

Byron,  Hon.  John,  1723-1786,  a  distinguished  Bri- 
;ish  admiral  and  circumnavigator,  was  the  grandfather 
of  Lord  Byron,  the  celebrated  poet,  and  son  of  William, 
"ourth  Lord  Byron,  and  Frances,  daughter  of  William,  Lord 
Berkeley,  of  Stratton.  His  Life  will  be  found  in  Char- 
nock's  Biographia  Navalis,  Lon.,  1794-96,  6  vols.  8vo,  and 
other  collections.  Voyage  round  the  World  in  the  years 
1764,  '65,  '66,  in  the  Dolphin,  by  an  officer  on  board  the 
same  ship,  Lon.,  1767,  8vo ;  also  in  Calender's  Terra  Aus- 
tralis  Incognita,  iii.  673,  1766-68}  and  in  Hawkesworth's 
Voyages,  i.  1,  1773.  Narrative  of  the  great  distress  suf 
fered  by  himself  and  his  companions,  on  the  coast  of  Pa 
tagonia,  1740-46,  Lon.,  1768,  8vo. 

Lord  Byron,  the  poet,  relating  an  instance  of  the  troubles 
often  encountered  by  those  who  brave  the  "perils  of  the 
deep,"  thus  reverentially  refers  to  the  hardships  endured 
by  his  respected  ancestor : 

" His  sufferings  were  comparative, 

To  those  related  in  my  grand-dad's  narrative." 

Bysshe,  Edward,  1615-1679,  a  native  of  Burstow, 
Surrey,  was  educated  at  Trinity  College,  Oxford,  after 
which  he  removed  to  Lincoln's  Inn,  where  he  applied  him 
self  to  the  study  of  the  Common  Law. 

1.  Notse  in  quatuor  Libros  Nicholai  Upton,  de  studio 
Militari.  2.  Notae  in  Johannis  de  Bado  Aureo  Libellum 
de  Armis.  3.  Notse  in  Henrici  Spelmanni  Aspidologiam. 

He  also  pub.  some  trans.;  Palladius  de  Gentibus,  Ac., 
and  S.  Ambrosius  de  Moribus,  <fcc.  For  further  informa 
tion  concerning  these  pieces,  Wood  refers  to  his  account 
of  John  Gregory,  1665,  4to.  Wood  tells  us  that  he  was 

"  An  encourager  of  learning  and  learned  men,  particularly  that 
noted  critic,  John  Gregory  of  Ch.  h." 

"  We  must  quote  the  following  for  the  benefit  of  our  BIB- 
LIOMANIACAL  friends. 

"  He  had  a  very  choice  library  of  books,  all  richly  bound  with 
gilt  dorses." — Athen.  Oxon. 

Bysshe,  Edward.  The  Art  of  English  Poetry,  Lon., 
1702,  8vo.  British  Parnassus,  or  Commonplace  Book  of 
English  Poetry,  1714,  2  vols.  8vo. 

Bythewood,  W.  M.,  and  Jarman,  T.  Selection  of 
Precedents,  forming  a  System  of  Conveyancing,  with  Dis 
sertations  and  Practical  Notes,  Lon.,  1824,  8vo,  vols.  1,  2, 
and  3  ;  3d  edit.,  enlarged  by  George  Sweet,  Lon.,  1839-49, 
9  vols.  8vo,  not  yet  completed. 

"  These  volumes  are  composed  of  precedents  drawn  by  eminent 
conveyancers,  and  are  those  in  general  use  at  the  present  time. 
The  precedents  are  arranged  under  appropriate  alphabetical  titles, 
accompanying  which  are  exceedingly  valuable  and  carefully  pre 
pared  dissertations  and  notes." — Marvin's  Legal  Bill. 

Bythner,  Victorinus,  a  native  of  Poland,  resided 
for  many  years,  and  died,  in  England.  He  read  a  Hebrew 
lecture  for  a  long  period  to  the  Hall  of  Christ  Church,  and 
instructed  in  and  pub.  some  books  to  facilitate  the  acqui 
sition  of  that  language.  He  resided  for  some  time  at 
Cambridge.  About  1664  he  settled  at  Cornwall,  where  he 
practised  physic.  Lethargy  of  the  Soul,  &c.,  1636,  4 to. 
Tabula  Directoria,  <fcc.,  Oxf.,  1637.  Lingua  Eruditorum, 
1638,  Svo;  reprinted  under  a  new  title,  Lon.,  1639,  Svo. 
Cantab.,  1645,  '75,  Svo ;  usually  called  his  Hebrew  Gram 
mar.  Clavis  Linguae  Sanctse,  Camb.,  1648,  8vo.  Lyra 
Prophetica  Davidis  Regis  :  sive  Analysis  Critico-practica 
Psalmorum,  Lon.,  1645,  '54,  '64,  '79,  4to.  Glasguse,  et 
Londini,  1823,  Svo ;  to  this  is  added  an  Introduction  to 
the  Chaldee.  Trans,  by  the  Eev.  Thomas  Dee,  Dublin, 
and  London,  1836,  Svo;  new  edit.,  1847,  8vo. 

"  Bythner's  Lyra  Davidis  has  long  been  known  as  perhaps  tl 
most  valuable  help  to  the  critical  and  grammatical  study  of  th 
book  of  Psalms.     The  reprint,  at  the  University  press  at  Glasgow, 
is  very  beautiful."— Home's  Introduction. 

"  Bythner  was  blessed  with  a  most  admirable  geny  for  the  o 
tain  ing  of  the  tongues." — Athen.  Oxon. 

Bywater,  John.  An  Essay  on  the  History,  Practice, 
and  Theory  of  Electricity,  Lon.,  1810,  Svo. 

"  Ho  writes  in  a  clear  and  conspicuous  manner,  and  always 
treats  his  opponents  with  liberality  and  candour."— Lon.  JUontn. 
Rev.,  1811. 

An  Essay  on  Light  and  Vision,  Lon.,  1814,  Svo. 


CAB 


CAI 


c. 


Cabanel,  Daniel,  of  Lincoln's  Inn.  The  Tocsin 
Sounded,  Lon.,  1811.  Epistle  to  Hon.  S.  Percival,  1812. 
Tribute  to  the  Memory  of  ditto,  1812,  8vo.  Poems  and 
Imitations,  1815,  8vo. 

"  Mr.  C.  appears  to  have  been  long  a  votary  of  the  Muses,  some 
of  the  pieces  in  this  collection  being  dated  nearly  30  years  ago.  .  .  . 
The  common  effect  of  the  lapse  of  time  on  the  poet  is  to  slacken 
his  spirit,  and  to  increase  his  correctness:  but  this  does  not  appear 
to  have  been  the  case  in  the  present  instance ;  the  earlier  poems 
being  more  correct  and  in  better  taste  than  the  later  and  larger 
productions.'' — Lon.  MonMy  Review,  1815. 

Cable,  Daniel.  Trans,  from  Suchten;  concerning 
the  secrets  of  Antimony,  Lon.,  1670,  8vo. 

Cabot,  Sebastian,  b.  about  1477,  d.  about  1557,  an 
eminent  navigator,  of  a  Venetian  family,  was  a  native  of 
Bristol.  Voyages  to  the  North-East  Frosty  Seas,  and  to 
the  Kingdoms  lying  that  Way.  See  Martyr's  P.  Decades, 
p.  254,  1577:  Navigatione  nelle  parti  Settentrionali,  Ve 
nice,  .fol.,  1583.  A  Map.  Cabot  first  noticed  the  variation 
of  the  compass.  See  Life  by  R.  Biddle,  (q.  v.) 

Cabrera,  Dr.  Paul  F.  Trans,  of  Del  Rio's  Report  of 
the  Ruins  near  Palenque;  with  additions,  Lon.,  1822,  4to. 

Caddell,  Henry.     Serms.,  Chelsea,  1843,  8vo. 

Caddick,  Richard.  Hebrew  made  Easy,  1799,  8vo. 
Serm.,  1802,  8vo.  Epist.  to  Romans,  in  Hebrew,  corrected 
from  the  version  of  Hutter,  Nuremb.,  1600;  by  Dr.  Ro 
binson  at  Lon.,  1601:  repub.  with  many  improvements, 
1804,  12mo. 

Caddy,  William,  and  N.  Ward,  Petition  of,  Lon., 
1654. 

Cade,  Anthony.     Serins.,  1618,  '21,  '30,  '61,  4to. 

Cade,  Capt.  John,  and  John  Mills.  Their  last 
Speeches  und  Confessions,  Lon.,  1645,  4to. 

Cade,  John.  Con.  to  Archaeologia,  1785,  '89,  '92; 
on  Roman  Roads  and  Stations  in  Britain. 

Cade,  William.     Popery  Shaken,  Lon.,  1678,  4to. 

Cadell,  W.  A.  Journey  in  Carniola,  Italy,  and 
France,  1817-18,  Edin.,  1820,  8vo.  Mathematical  Con. 
to  Ann.  Philos.,  1814 ;  to  Trans.  Edin.  Soc.,  1817. 

Cademan,  Thomas,  M.D.  1.  Bedford's  Passage  to 
the  Parliament.  2.  The  Distiller,  Lon.,  1641-52. 

Cadge.  Morton's  Surgical  Anatomy  of  the  Principal 
Regions  of  the  Human  Body ;  completed  by  Mr.  Cadge, 
Lon.,  r.  8vo ;  also  sold  in  parts. 

"  The  work  thus  completed  constitutes  a  useful  guide  to  the 
student,  and  remembrancer  to  the  practitioner.  .  .  We  think  that 
Mr.  Cadge's  contributions  in  no  degree  fall  short  of  the  original 
work."— Lon.  Medical  Gazette. 

See  MORTON,  THOMAS. 

Cadogan,  George.  The  Spanish  Hireling  Detected, 
Lon,  1743.  This  refers  to  Genl.  Oglethorpe's  expedition 
against  St.  Augustine. 

Cadogan,  William,  M.D.,  d.  1797,  aged  86,  a  na 
tive  of  London,  was  educated  at  Oriel  College,  Oxford. 
Essay  on  Children,  Lon.,  1748,  8vo;  many  edits.  On  the 
Gout,  <fec.,  1764,  8vo;  many  edits.  Harverian  Orations, 
1764  and  1793,  both  pub. 

Cadogan,  William  Bromley,  1751-1797,  2d  son 
of  the  Earl  of  Cadogan,  was  educated  at  Westminster 
School,  and  Christ  Church  College,  Oxford ;  Vicar  of  St. 
Giles,  Reading,  1774 ;  and  subsequently  Rector  of  Chelsea. 
Sermons,  1780,  '95,  '96.  Discourses,  Letters,  and  Me 
moirs,  by  Richard  Cecil,  Lon.,  1798,  8vo. 

"  These  discourses  abound  with  proof  of  the  author's  valuable 
character,  and  of  his  intimate  acquaintance  with  the  scriptural 
language." — LOWNDES. 

Psalms  and  Hymns  collected,  1787,  12mo. 

Cadwallader,  General  John,  d.  1786,  aged  43,  a 
soldier  of  the  American  Revolution,  participated  in  the 
battles  of  Princeton,  Brandywine,  Germantown,  and  Mon- 
mouth.  He  pub.  A  Reply  to  General  J.  Reed's  Remarks. 
Ac.,  1783.  See  Marshall,  Allen,  Ac. 

Cadwallader,  Thomas,  M.D.,  d.  1779,  aged  72,  was 
one  of  the  physicians  of  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital  from 
1752  until  his  decease.  His  dissections  for  Dr.  Shippen 
were  among  the  earliest  made  in  this  country.  He  was 
noted  for  his  great  courtesy  of  manner,  which  was  once 
the  means  of  saving  his  life.  The  story  is  as  follows : 

"  A  provincial  officer,  weary  with  his  life,  had  determined  to 
shoot  the  first  person  whom  he  should  meet,'in  order  that  justice 
should  bring  him  to  the  gallows.  An  easier  method  of  reaching 
ms  end  would  have  been  to  shoot  himself.  However,  with  his  re 
solution  and  his  gun  he  sallied  forth.  He  first  met  a  prettv  eirl  • 
but  her  beauty  vanquished  his  intent.  He  next  met  Dr.  Cadwal 
lader,  whose  courteous  'Good  morning,  sir,  what  sport?'  also  con 
quered  him.  He  then  went  to  a  tavern,  and  shot  a  Mr.  Scull,  for 


which  he  was  hanged."    See  Ramsay's  Rev. ;   Thacher's  Med.  Biog. ; 
Allen's  Diet. 

He  pub.  a  Dissertation  on  the  Iliac  Passion,  entitled, 
An  Essay  on  the  West  India  Dry  Gripes,  1745,  in  which 
he  recommended  the  use  of  opiates  and  mild  cathartics, 
instead  of  quicksilver,  then  employed.  This  was  one  of  the 
earliest  American  medical  treatises.  Boylston,  Harwood, 
and  Thacher  had  previously  pub.  medical  treatises. 

Caedmon,  d.  about  680,  the  father  of  English  Song, 
is  first  mentioned  by  Bede,  who  gives  us  to  understand 
that  he  occupied,  at  least  occasionally,  the  humble  post  of 
a  cow-herd.  He  was  so  ignorant  as  to  be  unable  to  bear 
his  part  in  the  alternate  vocal  music  with  which  our  Saxon 
forefathers  recreated  themselves  at  their  feasts.  Csedmon, 
it  is  related,  was  supernaturally  inspired  with  the  gift  of 
song  whilst  asleep  in  his  stable ;  and  the  Abbess  Hilda 
considered  herself  honoured  by  his  consenting  to  become 
a  monk  in  her  house.  Bede  informs  us  that  he  celebrated 
in  magnificent  strains  much  of  the  Old  and  New  Testa 
ment's  history,  the  "terrors  of  the  day  of  judgment,  the 
pains  of  hell,  and  the  sweetness  of  the  heavenly  king 
dom."  Junius  pub.  in  1655  a  MS.  supposed  to  contain 
some  of  the  poetry  of  this  distinguished  bard.  A  new 
edit.,  edited  by  the  eminent  Saxon  scholar,  Rev.  Benjamin 
Thorpe,  was  pub.  by  the  Society  of  Antiquaries  of  London, 
in  1832,  consisting  of  a  text  formed  carefully  from  the 
original  MS.,  and  accompanied  by  a  literal  English  version ; 
and  illustrated  by  a  volume  of  plates  taken  from  the  illu 
minations  of  the  MS.  This  work  is  commended  to  the 
careful  attention  of  the  reader. 

"  An  excellent  and  satisfactory  edition,  with  a  most  valuable  In 
dex." — KEMBLE. 

The  striking  resemblance  between  Caedmon's  account 
of  the  Fall  of  Man,  <fec.,  and  portions  of  Milton's  Paradise 
Lost,  has  been  frequently  noticed. 

"  The  pride,  rebellion,  and  punishment  of  Satan  and  his  princes, 
have  a  resemblance  to  Milton  so  remarkable,  that  most  of  his  por 
tion  might  be  almost  literally  translated  by  a  cento  of  lines  from 
the  great  poet." — W.D.  Conybeare's  Illustrations  of  Anglo- Saxon 
Poetry;  and  see  Thorpe's  Caedmon  as  above,  and  Wright's  Biog 
Brit.  Lit. 

Csesar,  J.  James,  D.D.,  Minister  of  the  Prussian 
Church,  London.  Sermons  pub.  separately,  1702/04,  '05, 
'13,  '14,  '16,  '17,  4to. 

Caesar,  John,  Vicar  of  Croydon.     Serms.,  1708,  4to. 

Caesar,  Sir  Julius,  1557-1636,  an  eminent  civilian, 
was  the  friend  of  Lord  Bacon,  and  a  favourite  of  James  I. 
and  Charles  I.  Antient  State,  Authority,  and  Proceed 
ings  of  the  Court  of  Requests,  1596,  '97,  4to.  Many  of 
the  valuable  MSS.  collected  by  him  are  in  the  British 
Museum.  Fuller  gives  this  high  character  of  him : 

"  A  person  of  prodigious  bounty  to  all  of  worth  or  want,  so  that 
he  might  seem  to  be  almoner-general  of  the  nation.  The  story  is 
well  known  of  a  gentleman,  who  once  borrowing  his  coach,  (which 
was  as  well  known  to  poor  people  as  any  hospital  in  England,)  was 
so  rendezvoused  about  with  beggars  in  London,  that  it  cost  him 
all  the  money  in  his  purse  to  satisfy  their  importunity,  so  that  he 
might  have  hired  twenty  coaches  on  the  same  terms.  Sir  Francis 
Bacon,  Lord  Verulam,  was  judicious  in  his  election,  when,  perceiv 
ing  his  dissolution  to  approach,  he  made  his  last  bed  in  effect  in 
the  house  of  Sir  Julius."—  Worthies  of  Middlesex. 

Caesar,  Philip.  Discourse  of  the  damnable  Sect  of 
Usurers,  <fcc.;  trans,  by  T.  Rogers,  Lon.,  1578,  4to.  A 
Godly  Treatise  announcing  the  Lawfulness  of  Riches,  Lon., 
1578,  4to. 

Caflfgn,  Matthew.     Deceiving  Teachers,  Ac.,  1656. 

Cage,  Thornton.  Case  between  him  and  his  wife,  fol. 

Cagua,  John,  Surgeon.  Profess.  Con.  to  Phil.  Trans., 
1740. 

Caines,  Clement.  Cultivation,  <fcc.  of  the  Otaheite 
Cane,  <fec.,  Lon.,  1801,  8vo. 

Caines,  George,  d.  1825,  aged  54,  Reporter  of  the 
Supreme  Court  of  New  York.  Lex  Mercatoria  Americana, 
New  York,  1802,  8vo. 

"  The  author  designed  to  add  other  volumes,  but  from  the  in 
different  reception  by  the  profession  of  the  first,  his  intention  was 
never  carried  into  effect.  It  is  a  crude  compilation,  little  known, 
and  less  frequently  referred  to."— Marvin's  Legal  BM. 

Summary  of  the  Practice  in  the  Supreme  Court  of  the 
State  of  New  York,  New  York,  1808,  8vo. 

"  This  work  was  rather  a  practical  manual  than  a  treatise  bene 
ficial  to  experienced  practitioners,  or  useful  as  a  book  of  reference." 
— Graham's  Practice. 

Practical  Forms  of  Supreme  Ct.  of  N.  York,  1808,  8vo. 
Cases  in  the  Court  for  the  Trial  of  Impeachments  and 
Correction  of  Errors,  State  of  N.  York,  1805-07,  2  vols. 

325 


CAI 


CAL 


8vo.     Reports  of  Cases  in  the  Supreme  Court  of  State  of 
N.  York,  1803-05,  3  vols.  Svo,  1813,  '14 ;  2d  edit,  1852. 

"  George  Caines,  Esq.,  was  the  first  Reporter  of  the  Decisions  of 
the  Supreme  Court  of  the  State  of  New  York,  regularly  appointed 
as  such.  The  names  of  the  Hon.  Judges  who  presided  in  this  Court 
during  the  period  above  stated,  were — Morgan  Lewis,  James  Kent, 
(afterwards  Chancellor  of  the  State,)  Jacob  Radeliff,  Brockholdst 
Livingston,  Smith  Thompson,  (the  two  last-named  gentlemen  were 
subsequently  appointed  Judges  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  United 
States,)  Ambrose  Spencer,  and  David  D.  Tompkins— a  more  able 
and  independent  Judiciary  never  existed  at  any  one  period,  in_any 
Court  of  the  United  States." 

Caird,  James,  of  Baldoon.  English  Agriculture, 
1850,  '51,  Lon.,  8vo ;  5d  edit.,  1852. 

"  It  contains  many  sensible  remarks,  and  very  shrewd  observa 
tions;  showing  a  most  enlightened  mind  and  sound  understand 
ing." — Donaldson's  Agricult.  Biog. 

The  Plantation  Scheme,  8vo,  1850. 

High  Farming  under  liberal  Covenants  the  best  substi 
tute  for  Protection,  8vo ;  and  High  Farming  Vindicated,8vo. 

"  It  must  therefore  be  the  interest  of  all  persons  connected  with 
land  to  encourage  the  extension  of  the  more  skilful  and  improved 
agriculture  described  by  Mr.  Caird,  and  by  every  means  to  diffuse 
the  knowledge  on  which  the  profitable  practice  of  the  system  de 
pends."—  Edin.  Rev.,  Oct.  1849. 

Caird,  John,  minister  of  the  Park  Church,  Glasgow. 
1.  Religion  in  Common  Life;  a  Serm.,  Edin.,  1856.  2.  Serais.. 
1858,  p.  8vo. 

Cairncross.  An  dr.,  Surgeon.  Con.  to  Med.Com.,  1781. 

Cairns,  Elizabeth.  Autobiography,  Glasg.,  1762,  Svo. 

Cairns,  John.     College  and  Pastoral  Life,  fp.  Svo. 

"  Written  with  an  eye  to  the  wants,  difficulties,  and  dangers  of 
students  in  the  midst  of  their  college-life;  and  in  this  point  of 
Tiew  curious  and  valuable." — KitWs  Journal  of  Sacred  Lit. 

Cairns,  William,  LL.D.,  Prof,  of  Logic  and  Belles- 
Lettres  in  Belfast  Coll.  Moral  Freedom,  Lon.,  1844,  Svo. 

"  This  appears  to  be  an  able  and  popular  work  on  metaphysics, 
as  iar  as  metaphysics  can  be  popular." — Lon.  Spectator. 

Cains,  John,  Poet  Laureate  to  Edward  IV.,  trans. 
The  History  of  the  Siege  of  Rhodes. 

Cains,  Kaye,  Keye,  Key,  or  Cay,  John,  1510- 
1573,  an  eminent  English  physician,  was  a  native  af  Nor 
wich,  and  in  1529  was  entered  of  Gonvil  Hall,  Cambridge, 
to  which  he  gave  a  large  sum  to  build  a  new  (now  known 
as  Caius)  College.  (See  Biog.  Brit.)  Hippocratis  de  Me- 
dicamentis,  De  Medendi  Methodo,  Ac.,  Basil,  1544,  8vo. 
Treatises  on  the  Sweating  Sickness,  1552,  <fcc.  The  best 
description  extant.  He  calls  it  a  "  contagious  pestilential 
fever  of  one  day,"  and  describes  it  as  prevailing  "  with  a 
mighty  slaughter,  and  the  destruction  of  it  as  tremendous 
as  the  plague  of  Athens."  By  request  of  Gesner,  he  wrote 
a  treatise  on  British  Dogs :  De  Canibus  Britannicis,,  Li 
ber  unus,<fcc.,  1570,  (<fcc.,  8vo,)  inserted  entire  in  the  British 
Zoology  of  Pennant,  who  has  followed  his  arrangement. 
Of  other  works  written  by  Caius,  one  of  the  principal  is 
De  Antiquitate  Cantabrigiensis  Academise,  Libri  duo.  Adi- 
unximus  Apportionem  Antiquitatis  Oxoniensis  Academiae : 
ab  Oxoniensi  quodam,  Lon.,  1568,  12mo.  The  origin  of 
this  work  was  as  follows :  Thomas  Caius  of  Oxford  had 
written  in  1566,  a  treatise,  Assertio  antiquitatis  Oxoniensis 
Academiae,  in  which  he  affirmed  that  Oxford  was  the  most 
ancient  University,  being  founded  by  some  Greek  philoso 
phers,  the  companions  of  Brutus,  and  restored  by  King 
Alfred  in  870.  It  is  said  that  Archbishop  Parker  sent  a 
copy  of  this  treatise  to  John  Caius  of  Cambridge,  our  au 
thor,  and  requested  him  to  vindicate  his  University.  It 
was  a  labour  of  love  with  the  valiant  Cambridge  man,  who 
wrote  the  above-named  dissertation,  which  he  pub.  with  the 
Oxford  champion's  treatise.  John  Caius  does  not  stop  at 
trifles,  for  so  far  is  he  from  yielding  the  point,  that  he  un 
dertakes  to  prove  that  Cambridge  was  founded  by  Cantaber, 
397  years  before  Christ,  and  consequently  was  1267  years 
older  than  Oxford  !  Thomas  Caius,  nothing  daunted,  wrote 
a  critique  upon  his  adversary's  arguments.  We  commend 
this  subject  to  antiquaries  who  now  adorn  the  halls  of  Ox 
ford  and  Cambridge.  John  Cams  pub.  a  list  of  his  works 
in  De  Libris  Propriis,  Liber  unus,  1570.  He  was  one  of 
the  best  Grecians  of  his  day. 

Cains,  Thomas,  d.  1572,  educated  at,  and  Fellow  of, 
All  Souls'  College, Oxford,  afterwards  Prebendary  of  Sarnm 
and  master  of  University  College,  has  been  noticed  under 
the  preceding  article.  Assertio  Antiquitatis  Oxoniensis 
Academies,  Lon.,  1568,  12mo ;  1574,  4to.  Vindicise  Anti 
quitatis  Universitatis  Oxoniensis,  contra  Joannem  Caium 
Cantabrigiensem.  In  lucem  ex  Autographo  emisit,  Tho. 
Hearnius,  Oxon.,  1730,  2  vols.  Svo.  At  the  request  of 
Catherine  Parr,  he  trans.  Erasmus's  paraphrase  on  St. 
Mark,  and  he  also  made  translations  from  Aristotle's  de 
Mirabilibus  Mundi,  and  the  Tragedies  of  Euripides. 

"  An  eminent  Latinist,  Grecian,  poet,  and  orator;  excellent  also 
for  all  kinds  of  worth." — Athen.  Oxon. 
326 


Calabrella,  Baroness  de.  Double  Oath ;  a  Novel, 
Lon.,  3  vols.  p.  Svo.  Land  of  Promise,  sm.  4to,  1844. 
Tempter  and  Tempted,  3  vols.  p.  Svo,  1842.  Prism  of 
Thought,  p.  Svo,  1843.  Prism  of  Imagination,  p.  Svo,  1S44. 

"  A  more  magnificent  book  for  the  drawing-room  table  it  has 
never  been  our  lot  to  behold." — Lon.  Cburt  Journal. 

Evenings  at  Haddon  Hall;  with  engravings  from  de 
signs  by  George  Cattermole,  Esq.,  1845,  '49. 

'•  By  far  the  most  elegant,  the  most  splendid,  and  the  most  in 
trinsically  valuable  production  of  its  class  that  has  ever  appeared. 
Cattermole's  designs  are  perfect  gems  of  art." — Lon.  A'aval  and 
Military  Gazette. 

Calamy,  Benjamin,  D.D.,  d.  1686,  son  of  EDMUNI 
CALAMY,  (q.  v.)  entered  Catherine  Hall,  Cambridge,  1664, 
'65,  of  which  he  became  a  Fellow,  and  was  also  tutor  there; 
Vicar  of  St.  Lawrence,  Jewry,  with  St.  Magdalen,  Milk 
Street,  annexed ;  Prebendary  of  St.  Paul's,  1685.  Sermons 
pub.  separately,  1663,  '73,  '82,  '83,  '84.  Sermons,  1687, 
Svo.  Sermons,  5th  edit.,  1712,  Svo.  13  Sermons,  1726, 
Svo.  His  celebrated  Discourse  about  a  Scrupulous  Con 
science  was  preached  in  1683,  and  pub.  in  1684,  fol. 

"  No  piece  of  its  kind  or  size  gained  more  credit  to  its  author,  or 
was  more  taken  notice  of  by  the  public." 

Thomas  De  Laune  wrote  against  it  in  such  a  manner  as 
to  cause  his  imprisonment. 

"As- a  divine,  Benjamin  Calamy  has  been  mentioned  with  high 
approbation  by  Bishop  Burnet,  Archdeacon  Echard,  Dean  Sherlock, 
who  preached  his  funeral  sermon,  wherein  he  speaks  of  him  in  the 
highest  terms,  and  Mr.  Granger." 

"  As  a  sermon  writer  he  is  characterized  by  constant  good  sense, 
by  sound  judgment  in  the  selection  of  his  subjects,  simplicity  in 
his  plans,  and  ease,  clearness,  and  purity  of  style." — British  Pulpit 
Eloquence. 

Calamy,  Edmund,  1600-1666,  a  native  of  London, 
was  admitted  of  Pembroke  Hall,  Cambridge,  1616;  made 
Vicar  of  St.  Mary's,  in  Swafi'ham  Prior,  Cambridgeshire, 
which  he  resigned  upon  being  appointed  one  of  the  lec 
turers  of  Bury  St.  Edmund's,  Suffolk.  Withdrawing  from 
the  Established  Church,  he  was,  in  1639,  chosen  minister 
of  St.  Mary's,  Aldermanbury,  where  he  continued  for 
twenty  years,  attracting  attention  by  his  eloquence  in  the 
pulpit.  He  was  a  warm  advocate  of  the  Restoration,  and 
Charles  II.  on  his  return  offered  him  the  Bishopric  of 
Lichffeld  and  Coventry,  which  he  declined.  He  afterwards 
fell  into  disgrace  with  the  government  in  consequence  of 
the  freedom  of  his  remarks.  Calamy  was  one  of  the  five 
authors  of  Smectymnus,  an  answer  to  Bishop  Hall's  Di 
vine  Right  of  Episcopacy.  He  pub.  a  number  of  sermons, 
<fec.,  1641-63.  Vindication  of  the  Presbyterian  Govern 
ment  and  Ministry,  1650.  Jus  Divinum  Ministerii  Evange 
lic!  Anglicani,  1654. 

"  He  was,  though  a  very  learned  man,  yet  a  plain  and  practical 
preacher,  and  one  who  was  not  afraid  to  speak  his  sentiments  freely 
of  and  to  the  greatest  men." 

Calamy,  Edmund,  1671-1732,  grandson  of  the  pre 
ceding,  was  sent  to  the  University  of  Utrecht,  1688;  as 
sistant  minister  of  a  Nonconformist  congregation,  Black- 
friars,  London,  1692;  pastor  of  a  congregation  at  West 
minster,  1703.  He  pub.  many  sermons,  &c.,  1683-1729. 
Excercitationes  Philosophicse,  <fec.,  Traj.  ad  Rhen.,  1688, 
4to.  Abridgt.  of  Baxter's  Life  and  Times,  Lon.,  1702, 
Svo;  1713-27,  4  vols.  Svo;  and  Defence  of  Moderate  Non 
conformity  against  Ollyffe  and  Hoadly,  1703-05,  3  vols.Svo. 

"  There  were  animadversions  on  Dr.  Calamy  besides  those  of 
Ollyffe  and  Hoadly ;  but  much  useful  information  is  to  be  gleaned 
from  Calamy.  His  own  life,  written  by  himself,  has  also  been  pub 
lished  by  J.  T.  Rutt,  2  vols.  8vo,  1830."— BICKEKSTETH. 

For  a  review  of  Calamy's  autobiography  vide  Brit.  Critic, 
vii.  295.  Letter  to  Archdeacon  Echard  upon  occasion  of 
his  History  of  England,  1718,  Svo.  The  Inspiration  of 
the  Scriptures,  1710,  Svo,  in  14  sermons.  Sermons  con 
cerning  the  Doctrine  of  the  Trinity,  with  a  Vindication  of 
1  John  v.  7,  1722,  Svo. 

"  The  discourses  on  the  inspiration  of  the  Scriptures  are  very 
able,  and  defend  those  views  of  this  important  topic  which  are 
generally  held  by  the  orthodox  Dissenters.  .  .  .  More  light  has 
been  thrown  on  the  disputed  passage  in  1  John  v.  7,  since  Calamy 
wrote ;  but  his  defence  of  it  is  tolerably  good  for  the  time." — Chine's 
Bibl.  Bib. 

The  Life  of  Dr.  Increase  Mather,  1725,  Svo.  Noncon 
formist's  Memorial ;  abridged  by  Samuel  Palmer,  Lon., 
1778,  2  vols.  Svo;  1802,  3  vols.  Svo. 

Calamy,  James,  d.  1714,  brother  of  Benjamin  Ca 
lamy,  Prebendary  of  Exeter,  pub.  a  dedication  to  hia 
brother  Benjamin.  Sermons. 

Calbris,  B.     Guide  to  French,  Lon.,  1797,  Svo. 

Calcaskie,  John.  Trans,  from  Brentius  of  a  theolog. 
treatise,  Lon.,  1550. 

Calcott,  John  Wall.     See  CALLCOTT. 

Calcott,  Wellins.    On  Free  Masonry,  Lon.,1769,  8vo. 

Caldcleugh,  Alexander.  Travels  in  South  America, 
1819,  '20,  '21,  Lon.,  1825,  2  vols.  8vo. 


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«  A  work  heavy  and  languid;  but  the  author  has  added  con 
siderably  to  our  stock  of  information  concerning  several  parts  of 
South  America." — Lon.  Quarterly  Review. 

Caldecott,  R.  M.  The  Life  of  Baber,  Emperor  of 
Hindostan,  Lon.,  1844,  8vo. 

Caldecott,  Thomas.  Reports  of  Cases  relative  to 
the  Duty  and  Office  of  a  Justice  of  the  Peace,  1776-85, 
Lon.,  1786-1800,  4to;  3  parts. 

Calder,  Frederick.  Explanation,  Ac.  of  Arith 
metic,  Lon.,  12mo. 

Calder,  Jas.,  Surgeon.     Con.  to  Ed.  Med.  Ess.,  1731. 

Calder,  John,  D.D.,  1733-1815,  a  native  of  Aber 
deen,  preached  for  some  time  to  a  Dissenting  congregation 
near  the  Tower.  Sermon,  1772,  8vo.  Trans,  of  Le  Cou- 
rayer's  Last  Sentiments  on  Religion,  1787,  12mo.  Notes 
to  Nichols's  edit,  of  the  Tatler,  1786,  6  vols.  8vo.  He  was 
not  successful  in  an  attempt  to  prepare  for  publication  an 
improved  edit,  of  Chambers's  Cyclopaedia.  The  duty  was 
assigned  to  Dr.  Abraham  Rees.  See  Nichols's  Literary 
Anecdotes,  <fec. 

Calder,  Robert,  b.  1658,  ordained  about  1680,  was 
a  minister  of  much  note  in  the  Episcopal  Church  of  Scot 
land.  He  refused  to  acknowledge  William  and  Mary, 
and  was  deprived  of  his  curacy.  He  suffered  greatly  from 
persecution.  In  1689  he  was  imprisoned  for  eleven 
months  in  the  Edinburgh  jail  for  exercising  his  ministe 
rial  functions.  Among  his  publications  are,  The  Divine 
Right  of  Episcopacy,  Edin.,  1705,  8vo.  The  Lawfulness 
and  Expediency  of  Set  Forms  of  Prayer,  1706,  8vo.  Mis 
cellany  Numbers,  1713,  8vo.  This  was  a  weekly  sheet  in 
defence  of  Episcopacy,  the  Liturgy,  &c.  His  comparison 
between  the  Kirk  and  the  Church  of  Scotland,  1712,  was 
repub.,  Lon.,  1841,  12mo,  with  a  preface  by  Thomas  Ste 
phens.  His  work  on  the  Priesthood,  now  very  scarce,  has 
been  highly  commended. 

Calderon  de  La  Barca,  Madame  Frances,  a 
native  of  Scotland,  was  a  Miss  Inglis.  In  1838  she  was 
married  to  his  Excellency  Don  Calderon  de  la  Barca, 
Spanish  minister  to  the  United  States  and  subsequently  to 
Mexico.  She  has  pub.  a  work  entitled  Life  in  Mexico ; 
with  a  preface  by  W.  H.  Prescott,  the  historian,  1843, 
which  has  been  most  favourably  received. 

"  Madame  Calderon's  book  has  all  the  natural  liveliness  and 
tact,  and  readiness  of  remark,  which  are  sure  to  distinguish  the 
first  production  of  a  clever  woman.  ...  A  more  genuine  book,  in 
ah-,  as  well  as  reality,  it  would  be  difficult  to  find." — %klin.  Review. 

"  Here  the  wife  of  a  Spanish  Ambassador  permits  the  publica 
tion  of  journals  written  in  a  land  hitherto  unvisited  by  any  one 
gifted  with  so  keen  an  eye  and  so  pleasant  a  pen." — Lon.  Athenceum. 

Calderwood,  David,  1575-1651  ?  an  eminent  Scotch 
divine  and  Church  historian ;  minister  of  Crailling,  near 
Jedburgh,  1604;  deprived,  for  opposition  to  Episcopacy, 
1617;  returned  home  from  a  visit  to  Holland,  1625.  He 
pub.  several  treatises,  but  is  best  known  by  his  History  of 
the  Church  of  Scotland,  1560-1625,  1678,  fol.  This  is  a 
mere  abridgment  from  the  author's  MS.  History,  which 
was  given  to  the  world  by  the  Wodrow  Society,  8  vols. 
8vo,  1842-49. 

"In  high  esteem  with  the  men  of  its  author's  principles."— 
BISHOP  NICOLSOX. 

"  The  history  in  favour  of  Presbyterianism." — BICKERSTETH. 

"  Written  in  a  way,  both  with  respect  to  the  spirit  and  style  of 
It,  which  renders  it  very  unpleasant  in  the  perusal." — Biog.  Brit. 

Altare  Damascenum,  1621, '23,  4to ;  in  English,  1621, 
12mo,  under  the  title  of  the  Altar  of  Damascus,  or  'the 
Pattern  of  the  English  Hierarchy  and  Church  obtruded 
upon  the  Church  of  Scotland. 

Caldervvood,  Robert.     Con.  to  Med.  Com.,  1784. 

Caldwall,  or  Chaldwell,  Richard,  M.D.,  1513  ?- 
1585,  was  a  Fellow  of  Brazenose  College,  Oxford,  and  in 
1570  elected  President  of  the  College  of  Physicians.  The 
Tables  of  Surgery,  trans,  from  H.  Moro,  a  Florentine  phy 
sician,  Lon.,  1585. 

Caldwell,  Andrew,  1752-1808.  Public  Buildings 
of  Dublin,  1770. 

"  Very  judicious  observations." 

Escape  of  James  Stewart  from  some  Turks,  Lon.,  1804, 
fol. ;  privately  printed. 

Caldwell,  Charles,  M.D.,  1772-1853,  a  learned  phy 
sician  of  Philadelphia.  In  1795  he  trans.  Blumenbach's 
Elements  of  Physiology,  Medical  and  Physical  Memoirs; 
containing,  among  other  subjects,  a  Particular  Inquiry 
into  the  Nature  of  the  Pestilential  Epidemics  of  the  United 
States,  Lon.,  1801,  8vo.  In  1814  he  succeeded  Nicholas 
Biddle  as  editor  of  the  Port  Folio.  In  1816,  edited  Cullen's 
Practice  of  Physic.  Life  and  Campaigns  of  General 
Greene,  1819.  His  published  writings  and  translations 
from  1794  to  1851  amount  to  upwards  of  200  articles.  See 
his  Autobiography,  with  Preface,  Notes,  «tc.,  Phila.,  1855, 


8vo  ;  also  Biographical  Notice  by  Dr.  B.  H.  Coates  before 
Amer.  Phil.  Soc. 

Caldwell,  Howard  H.,  b.  1832,  at  Newberry,  S.C. 
Oliatta,  and  other  Poems,  N.Y.,  1855, 12mo.  Poems,  Bost., 
1858,  12mo.  See  South.  Lit.  Mess.,  July,  1858. 

Caldwell,  Sir  James.  Political  and  Commercial 
treatises,  1764,  '65,  '79.  Affairs  of  Ireland,  1765,  2  vols, 
8vo. 

Caldwell,  James  Stamford.  Laws  of  Arbitra 
tion,  1817.  Results  of  Reading,  1843,  8vo. 

Caldwell,  John.     Sermon,  Lon.,  1577,  8vo. 

Caldwell,  Joseph.  Fiue  Diuine  Branches  spring 
ing  in  the  Garden  of  Vertuej  Lon.,  sine  anno. 

Caldwell,  Thomas.  A  Select  Collection  of  Ancient 
and  Modern  Epitaphs  and  Inscriptions,  1796,  12mo. 

Caldwell,  William  W.,  b.  1823,  Newburyport,  Mass.  ; 
grad.  Bowdoin  Coll.,  1843;  a  poet,  has  pub.  some  trans 
lations  from  the  German. 

Calef,  Robert,  d.  1719,  a  merchant  of  Boston,  dis 
tinguished  himself  by  opposing  Cotton  Mather  and  other 
believers  in  witehcraft.  The  excellent  Mather — for  such 
he  truly  was — pub.  in  1692  The  Wonders  of  the  Invisible 
World,  4to.  Mr.  Calef  thought  proper  to  oppose  the  witch 
craft-theory,  and  answered  this  work  in  his  More  Wonders 
of  the  Invisible  World  Displayed,  5  parts,  Lon.,  1700;  re 
printed  at  Salem  in  1700.  This  publication  excited  great 
indignation.  Dr.  Increase  Mather,  President  of  Harvard 
College  in  1700,  ordered  the  book  to  be  burn«d  in  the  college- 
yard,  and  the  members  of  the  Old  North  Church  pub.  a 
defence  of  their  pastors,  the  Mathers,  entitled  Remarks 
upon  a  Scandalous  Book,  &c.,  with  the  motto,  Truth  will 
come  off  conqueror. 

Calep,  Ralph.     Med.  Con.  to  Phil.  Trans.,  1708. 

Cales,  Thomas.    Voyages,  <fcc. 

Caley,  John,  1763-1834,  a  learned  antiquary,  Secre 
tary  to  the  National  Record  Commission  during  its  conti 
nuance,  1801-31,  was  joint  editor  in  14  of  the  works  un 
dertaken  by  the  Commissioners.  He  was  also  joint  editor 
with  Dr.  Bandinell  and  Sir  Henry  Ellis  of  a  new  edit,  of 
Dugdale's  Monastieon,  pub.  in  54  parts,  forming  8  vols. 
folio,  at  £141  15s.,  1817-30.  He  contributed  several  arti 
cles  to  the  Archaeologia,  viz. :  A  Memoir  of  the  Origin  of 
the  Jews  in  England,  vol.  viii.,  1787  ;  Extract  from  a  MS. 
in  the  Augmentation  Office,  ix.,  1789;  A  Valuation  of 
Corpus  Christi  Shrine  at  York,  x.,  1790 ;  A  Survey  of  the 
Manor  of  Wymbledon,  x.,  1792. 

Calfhill,  or  Calnll,  James,  1530-1570,  entered 
King's  College,  Cambridge,  1545 ;  Christ  Church,  Oxford, 
1548;  Prebendary  of  St.  Paul's,  1562;  nominated  by 
Queen  Elizabeth  to  the  Bishopric  of  Worcester,  1570,  but 
died  that  year.  Querela  Oxoniensis  Academicse  ad  Can- 
tabrigiam,  Lon.,  1552,  4to.  A  Latin  Poem.  Historia  de 
Exhumatione  Catherines,  &c.,  Lon.,  1562,  8vo.  An  An- 
swere  to  the  Treatise  of  the  Crosse,  1565,  4to. 

"  He  was  in  his  younger  days  a  noted  poet  and  comedian,  and 
in  his  elder,  an  exact  disputant,  and  had  an  excellent  faculty  in 
speaking  and  preaching." — Athen.  Oxon. 

Calhoun,  John  Caldwell,  1782-1850,  a  distin 
guished  American  statesman,  was  born  in  Abbeville  dis 
trict,  South  Carolina,  on  the  18th  of  March.  During  "a 
period  of  forty  years  he  rendered  faithful  services  to  the 
Union  in  the  various  capacities  of  Representative,  Secre 
tary  of  War,  Vice-President,  and  Senator."  He  died  at 
Washington  City  on  the  31st  of  March,  1850. 

"  Few  men  have  been  called  upon  to  pass  through  scenes  of 
higher  political  excitement,  and  to  encounter  more  vigorous  and 
unrelenting  opposition  than  Mr.  Calhoun ;  yet,  amid  all  the  pre 
judices  which  party  feeling  engenders,  and  all  the  jealousy  of  po 
litical  rivals,  and  all  the  animosity  of  political  opponents,  no  one 
has  ever  ventured  to  hazard  his  own  reputation  for  judgment  or 
sincerity  so  fer  as  to  doubt  one  moment  his  great  and  command 
ing  talents." 

Works,  edited  by  Richard  K.  Cralle,  New  York,  1853- 
54,  <fcc.,  6  vols.  8vo. 

We  annex  some  notices  of  Mr.  Calhoun's  Essay  on  Go 
vernment,  (vol.  i.  of  his  works,)  to  which  he  devoted  the 
careful  attention  of  many  of  his  leisure  hours  : 

"  If  we  were  called  upon  to  select  any  one  portion  of  the  Trea 
tise  for  quotation,  we  should  be  at  great  difficulty  to  separate, 
where  all  is  so  closely  connected.    The  history  of  parties  in  our 
Union,  the  profound  speculations  on  the  dangers  attending  our 
future  destinies  and  their  remedies,  the  account  of  the  formation 
of  our  Colonial  Governments,  and  of  our  federative  system,  and 
j  the  demonstration  that  this  is  a  federal,  and  not  a  national,  go- 
I  vernment,  are  alike  admirable.    No  piece  of  reasoning  can  be  more 
conclusive  than  this  vindication  of  the  doctrine  of  State  sove 
reignty.    Every  truth  has  more  to  fear  from  its  half-way  friends 
than  its  avowed  enemies.    Few  persons  venture  to  deny  that  the 
i  states  are  sovereign,  but  their  federalism  is  hidden  even  to  them- 
I  selves,  under  the  sophism  of  a  divided  sovereignty.    They  contend 
I  that  our  system  is  partly  federal  and  partly  national,  and  imagine 


CAL 


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that  both  the  several  States  and  the  Union  are  sovereign.  To  ex 
pose  this  fallacy  it  is  necessary  to  have  a  just  conception  of  sove 
reignty.  Mr.  Calhoun's  philosophical  habits  of  thought  kept  this 
ever  present  to  his  mind.  .  .  .  Our  free  quotations  have  afforded 
to  the  reader  some  opportunity  of  judging  of  Mr.  Calhoun's  style. 
It  has  none  of  that  curious  felicity  which  makes  some  books  plea 
sant  reading,  apart  from  the  value  of  the  ideas.  There  is  less  of 
that  magnificent  imagery  which  adorns  Burke' s  thoughts,  without 
encumbering  them,  and  illuminates  the  reason  with  the  splendour 
of  the  imagination ;  though  occasionally  images  of  great  brilliancy 
flash,  with  meteor-like  swiftness,  across  the  path  of  Calboun's  dis 
course.  The  rhythm  of  his  style  seems  rugged,  when  read  in  an 
ordinary  tone ;  but  give  it  the  earnest  emphasis  which  marked 
his  manner  of  speaking,  and  its  march  beats  time  to  its  meaning." 
—Southern  Quarterly  Review,  vol.  vii.,  New  Series,  378,  April,  1853. 

"  We  return  to  this  volume,  however,  only  for  the  purpose  of 
taking  leave  of  it  with  an  expression  of  sincere  respect  for  the 
frankness  and  ability  with  which  it  is  written,  and  for  the  honesty 
of  the  author's  purposes,  however  we  may  dissent  from  many  of 
his  opinions."— North  Amer.  Review,  vol.  Ixxvi.  507,  April,  1853. 

"  The  eloquence  of  Mr.  Calhoun,  or  the  manner  in  which  he  ex 
hibited  his  sentiments  in  public  bodies,  was  part  of  his  intellec 
tual  character.  It  grew  out  of  the  qualities  of  his  mind.  It  was 
plain,  strong,  terse,  condensed,  concise ;  sometimes  impassioned, 
still  always  severe.  Rejecting  ornament,  not  often  seeking  far  for 
illustrations,  his  power  consisted  in  the  plainness  of  his  proposi 
tions,  in  the  closeness  of  his  logic,  and  in  the  earnestness  and 
energy  of  his  manner."— HON.  DANIEL  WEBSTER:  Speech  in  the 
Senate  of  the  United  States,  on  the  day  when  the  death  of  Mr.  Cal 
houn  was  announced. 

See  Life  of  John  C.  Calhoun,  with  Selections  from  his 
Speeches  and  State  Papers,  by  John  S.  Jenkins,  Aub.,  12mo. 

Callaghan,  Dr.  Vindiciae  Catholicorum  Hiberniae, 
Paris,  1650,  12mo. 

Call,  Daniel.  Reports  of  Cases  adjudged  in  the 
Court  of  Appeals  of  Virginia,  1790-1818;  2d  edit.,  by 
Joseph  Tate,  Richmond,  1824-33,  6  vols.  8vo. 

"  Mr.  Call's  style  of  reporting  is  quite  inartificial.  His  state 
ments  of  facts  are  long,  overloaded,  and  perplexed.  His  marginal 
notes  of  abstracts  are  confused,  and  often  do  not  present  the  points 
distinctly;  and  his  index,  or  table  of  matters,  is  defective  in  ar- 
mngement." — American  Jurist. 

Callam,  James.  Account  of  a  Voyage  from  the 
Cape  of  Good  Hope  to  Botany  Bay,  1789,  8vo. 

Callanan,  James  Joseph,  Irish  poet,  b.  at  Cork, 
1795,  d.  at  Lisbon,  1829,  partly  educated  at  Maynooth 
College  for  the  Roman  Catholic  priesthood.  He  subsequently 
entered  Trinity  College,  Dublin,  with  a  view  of  becoming 
JL  barrister,  and  there  produced  two  Prize  Poems, — one  on 
the  Accession  of  George  IV.,  the  other  on  the  Restoration 
ty  Alexander  the  Great  of  the  Spoils  of  Athens.  Suddenly 
abandoning  the  University  and  the  study  of  the  law,  the 
remainder  of  his  life  in  Ireland  was  spent  in  the  duties  of 
tutorship,  partly  in  private  families  and  partly  in  the 
school  kept  at  Cork  by  the  celebrated  Dr.  William  Maginn. 
Encouraged  by  this  great  scholar,  Callanan  translated  a 
series  of  six  Irish  Popular  Songs,  which  appeared  in  1823 
in  vol.  xiii.  of  Blackwood's  Magazine.  Between  this  time 
and  1827,  when  he  quitted  Ireland  for  Lisbon,  Callanan 
wrote  numerous  poems,  of  which  the  most  ambitious  was 
"  The  Recluse  of  Inchidony,"  in  the  Spenserian  stanza.  His 
most  successful  pieces  were  lyrical.  The  best  are  "The 
Virgin  Mary's  Bank,"  and  the  spirited  ballad-ode  called 
"Gouzane  Barra,"  commencing 

"  There  is  a  green  island  in  lone  Gouzane  Barra, 

Where  Allua  of  songs  rushes  forth  as  an  arrow," — 
the  most  perfect,  perhaps,  tf  all  Irish  minor  poems  in  the 
melody  of  its  rhythm,  the  flow  of  its  language,  and  the 
weird  force  of  its  expression.  Mr.  Callanan  died  as  he  was 
about  returning  to  Ireland.  A  small  12mo  volume  of  his 
Poems  was  published  at  Cork  almost  simultaneously  with 
his  death.  A  new  edition,  with  a  Memoir, — chiefly  an  ex 
pansion  of  an  article  in  Bolster's  Quarterly  Magazine  of 
Ireland, — appeared  in  1847,  and  a  3d  edition,  edited  by  M. 
F.  McCarthy,  author  of  the  Memoir,  was  issued  in  1848. 

Callander,  Jas.  Military  Maxims,  Lon.,  1782,  12mo. 

Callander,  John,  d.  1789,  a  Scotch  Lawyer,  Fellow 
and  Secretary  for  Foreign  Correspondence  of  the  Society 
of  Scottish  Antiquaries,  presented  this  body  with  5  vols. 
folio,  of  his  MS.  works,  and  annotations  upon  Milton's 
Paradise  Lost  in  9  vols.  folio !  What  an  opportunity  for 
some  editor  of  the  British  Homer !  Two  Ancient  Scottish 
Poems:  the  Gaberlunzie  Man  and  Christ's  Kirk  on  the 
Green,  with  Notes  and  Observations,  Edin.,  1782,  8vo. 

"The  deficiencies  of  Callander  as  an  editor  are  amply  compen 
sated  by  his  uncommon  erudition  as  a  philologist." 

An  Essay  towards  a  literal  version  of  the  New  Testa 
ment  in  the  Epistle  to  the  Ephesians,  Glasg.,  1779. 

"  This  is  a  very  curious  specimen  of  literal  rendering,  in  which 
the  order  of  the  Greek  words  is  rigidly  followed,  and  the  English 
idiom  entirely  abandoned,  to  the  utter  destruction  of  the  elegance 
and  meaning  of  the  original.  .  .  .  The  curiosity  of  the  work  is 
that  the  notes  are  in  Greek;  a  proof;  certainly,  of  Mr.  Calender's 
^earning,  but  not  of  bis  wisdom."— Orme'*  BtbL  Bib. 


Callander,  John.  Terra  Australia  Cognita,  or 
Voyages  to  the  Southern  Hemisphere  during  the  16th, 
17th,  and  18th  centuries,  Edin.,  1766-68,  3  vols.  8vo. 

Callaway,  John,  ten  years  a  Missionary  at  Ceylon. 
Oriental  Observations  and  Occasional  Criticisms,  more  or 
less  illustrating  several  hundred  passages  of  Scripture, 
Lon.,  1827,  12mo. 

"  This  little  and  unassuming  volume  contains  many  valuable 
elucidations  of  the  sacred  volume  which  will  be  sought  in  vain  in 
some  of  its  more  voluminous  predecessors." — HORNE. 

"The  notes  are,  for  the  most  part,  brief;  and  when  suggested 
by  the  author's  personal  observations,  interesting,  and  to  the  pur 
pose." — Lon.  Eclectic  Review. 

Callcott,  Sir  Augustus  Wall,  R.A.,  1779-1844 
Illustrations  of  the  Chapel  of  the  Annunziato  dell'Arena, 
or  Giotto's  Chapel,  in  Padua,  consisting  of  fine  wood- 
engravings  of  paintings  by  the  celebrated  Giotto,  with 
descriptions  by  Lady  Callcott,  imperial  4to,  1845. 

"  This  work  was  published  by  Sir  A.  Callcott  to  preserve  a  me 
morial  of  these  interesting  fresco  paintings,  executed  in  1306  and 
now  rapidly  perishing.  '  It  may  assist  persons,'  he  says,  '  in  re 
calling  the  admiration  with  which  they  cannot  fail  to  have  con 
templated  this  monument  of  one  of  the  greatest  geniuses  of  an 
age  fertile  in  great  men.' " 

Callcott,  John  Wall,  1766-1821,  Musical  Doctor, 
brother  of  the  preceding.  Musical  Grammar,  1806,  '09, 
8vo.  Keyed  Instruments,  1807.  He  left  many  MS.  volumes 
intended  as  materials  for  a  comprehensive  Musical  Dic 
tionary.  His  Musical  Grammar  is  much  esteemed.  It 
is  to  be  deeply  regretted  that  he  did  not  complete  his  Dic 
tionary.  Are  we  not  in  want  of  such  a  guide?  and  who 
shall  furnish  it? 

Callcott,  Maria,  Lady,  1788-1843,  a  daughter  of 
Rear-Admiral  George  Dundas,  was  married  first  to  Cap 
tain  Thomas  Graham,  R.  N.,  and  after  his  decease  became 
the  wife  of  Mr.  (afterwards  Sir  Augustus)  Callcott.  Lady 
Callcott  saw  much  of  the  world  in  her  extensive  peregri 
nations  in  India,  South  America,  Italy,  Spain,  <fcc.  Travels 
in  India,  1812.  Three  Months  in  the  Environs  of  Rome, 
1819,  1820.  Memoirs  of  the  Life  of  Poussin,  1820.  His- 
toire  de  France,  ISmo.  History  of  Spain,  1828.  Essays 
towards  the  History  of  Painting,  1836.  Other  works.  Her 
last  work  was  A  Scripture  Herbal,  with  upwards  of  120 
Wood  Engravings,  1842,  c.  8vo. 

"  Executed  in  a  very  meritorious  and  interesting  manner.  .  .  . 
The  Book  is  altogether  AN  EXCELLENT  BIBLE  COMPANION  ;  we  can 
bestow  no  higher  praise." — Lon.  Literary  Gazette. 

Lady  Callcott  devoted  the  last  two  years  of  her  life  to 
drawing  the  specimens  of  the  plants,  and  collecting  the 
best  works  on  Botany  to  furnish  materials  for  this  valu 
able  work. 

Callcott,  Maria  Hutchins.  Rome  amongst  Stran 
gers;  a  Tale,  Lon.,  1848,  2  vols.  fp.  8vo. 

"  A  very  simple  yet  graceful  story.  There  is  much  variety  in 
the  storv,  and  the  sketches  of  character  are  exceedingly  good." — 
Lon.  Church  and  State  Gazette. 

Callender,  James  T.,  drowned  at  Richmond,  Vir 
ginia,  1803,  was  an  exile  for  the  following  pamphlet,  The 
Political  Progress  of  Britain,  Ac.,  Edin.,  1792,  '95,  8vo. 
Political  Register,  or  Proceedings  in  Congress,  NOY«  3, 
1794,  to  March  3,  1795,  vol.  1,  2  parts,  Phila.,  1795,  8vo. 
Sketches  of  the  History  of  America,  1798.  He  was  at  one 
time  a  friend,  afterwards  a  violent  opponent,  of  Thomas 
Jefferson.  See  Jefferson's  Letters;  Col.  Cent.,  July  30, 
1803 ;  Allen's  Amer.  Biog.  Diet. 

Callender,  John,  of  R.  Island.     Serms.,  1739,  '45. 

Callicot,  Theophilus  Carey,  b.  1826.  in  Cornwall, 
England.  His  parents  settled  in  Fairfax  co.,  Va.,  in  his 
childhood.  Grad.  Delaware  Coll. ;  studied  law  under  Judge 
Storrs  at  the  Yale  Law  School,  and  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  in  N.Y.  City  in  1847.  His  pen  has  been  employed 
chiefly  in  contributing  literary,  political,  and  legal  articles 
to  the  newspapers,  magazines,  and  law-journals,  and  in 
editing  the  works  of  others  for  the  press.  Histoire  du 
Canada;  from  the  French  of  Abbe"  Brasseur  de  Bourbourg 
M.  S.  Lemoine's  Etudes  on  the  Tragedies  of  Shakspeare, 
pub.  N.Y.  Musical  World,  1852.  Handbook  (>f  Universal 
Geography,  N.Y.,  1853,  12mo;  new  ed.,  revised,  1856. 

Callis,  Robert.  The  Case  and  Arguments  against 
Sir  Ignoramus,  Lon.,  1648,  4to.  Reading  upon  the  Sta 
tute  of  Sewers,  1647,  '85,  '86,  1710;  5th  and  best  edit, 
with  the  Notes  of  Mr.  Serg.  Hill,  by  W.  J.  Broderip, 
Lon.,  1824. 

Caiman,  E.  S.  Description  of  the  Earthquake  in 
Syria,  Lon.,  1837,  8vo.  Errors  of  Modern  Judaism,  Lon., 
1840,  12mo. 

Calthrop,  Charles.  The  Relation  between  a  Lord 
of  a  Manor  and  a  Copyholder,  Lon.,  1635,  4to. 

"It  is  a  legal  production  of  very  considerable  value  in  the  opi 
nion  of  qualified  judges." 


CAL 


CAM 


Calthrop,  Sir  Harry.  Liberties,  Usages,  and  Cus 
toms  of  the  City  of  London,  1612,  4to;  and  in  the  Somers 
Collection  of  Tracts.  It  is  a  sort  of  alphabetical  index  to 
the  Liber  Albus.  Reports  of  Cases  rel.  to  City  of  London, 
1655,  '70,  12mo. 

"  Prettily  reported,  and  well  worth  reading." 

Calthrop,  John.     Sermon,  1759,  8vo. 

Calthrop,  John.     Sermons,  Lon.,  1839,  2  vols.  8vo. 

Calver,  Edward.  Passion  and  Discretion  of  Youth 
and  Age,  Lon.,  1641,  4to.  England's  Sad  Pastime,  1644, 
8vo.  Royal  Visions,  1648,  4to.  Zion's  Thankful  Echoes, 
1649,  4to. 

Calverly,  William.  Dyalogue  betwene  the  Playn- 
tife  and  the  Defendaunt :  compyled  whyles  he  was  Prisoner 
in  the  Towre  of  London,  4to. 

CaIvert,Cecilius,  Lord  Baltimore,  Proprietor 
of  Maryland,  son  of  the  founder.  The  Case  of  Lord  Balti 
more  concerning  the  Province  of  Maryland,  adjoining  to 
Virginia,  Lon.,  1653,  4to :  for  an  account  of  this  publica 
tion  and  the  rejoinder  thereto,  see  Park's  Walpole's  R.  & 
N.  Authors,  v.  177. 

Calvert,  Frederick,  Lord  Baltimore,  Pro 
prietor  of  Maryland,  1731-1771,  eldest  son  of  Charles,  6th 
Lord  Baltimore,  died  at  Naples,  leaving  his  property  to 
his  son  Henry  Harford.  A  Tour  to  the  East  in  1763-64, 
Lon.,  1767,  12mo.  Gaudia  Poetica,  Latina,  Anglica,  et 
Gallica  Lingua  composita,  1769.  Augustae  Litteris  Spa- 
thianis,  1770;  very  rare;  sold  at  Reed's  sale  for  £6  10s. 
Coelestes  et  Inferni,  Venitiis,  1771,  4to;  also  rare. 

"Lord  Baltimore's  travels  deserved  no  more  to  be  published 
than  his  bills  on  the  road  for  post-horses ;  but  they  prove  that  a 
man  may  travel  without  observation,  and  be  an  author  without 
ideas." — HORACE  WALPOLE. 

Calvert,  Frederick.  A  Treatise  upon  the  Law  re 
specting  Parties  to  Suits  in  Equity,  Lon.,  1837,  8vo. 

""It  exhibits  no  acquaintance  either  with  practice  of  Equity 
drawing,  or  the  modes  of  reasoning  which  a  knowledge  of  its 
principles  would  suggest." — 1  Jurist,  138. 

Observations  on  Proceedings  in  Equity  as  to  Joint  Stock 
Companies,  with  suggestions,  Lon.,  1842,  8vo. 

"  A  brief  and  able  pamphlet  upon  a  subject  of  acknowledged 
difficulty ." — 5  Jurist,  186. 

Calvert,  George,  Lord  Baltimore,  1582F-1632, 
founder  of  the  Province  of  Maryland,  M.  P.  for  Oxford, 
and  Privy  Counsellor  to  James  I.  1.  Carmen  Funebre  in 
D.  Hen.  Utonum  ad  Gallos  bis  Legatum,  ibique  nuper  fato 
Functum,  Oxon.,  1596,  4to.  2.  Speeches  in  Parliament. 
3.  Various  letters  of  State.  4.  The  Answer  of  Tom  Tell- 
Truth.  5.  The  Practice  of  Princes.  6.  The  Lamentation 
of  the  Kirk,  1642,  4to. 

Respecting  this  worthy  nobleman,  and  the  early  history 
of  Maryland,  see  Biog.  Brit. ;  Athen.  Oxon. ;  Park's  Wai- 
pole's  R.  &  N.  Authors :  Allen's  Amer.  Biog.  Diet. 

Calvert,  George  Henry,  a  great-grandson  of  Lord 
Baltimore,  was  b.  in  Prince  George's  county,  Maryland, 
Jan.  2,  1803.  1.  Illustrations  of  Phrenology,  Bait.,  1832. 

2.  A  Volume  from  the  Life  of  Herbert  Barclay,  Bait,  1835. 

3.  Schiller's  Don  Carlos,  translated,  Bait.,  1836.   4.  Count 
Julian ;  a  Tragedy,  Bait.,  1840.     5.  Cabiro ;  Two  Cantos, 
Bait.,    1840.      6.    Correspondence    between    Schiller  and 
Goethe,  translated,  N.Y.,  1845.     7.  Scenes  and  Thoughts 
in  Europe,  1st  Series,  N.  York,  1846 ;  2d  Series,  N.  York, 
1852. 

"  This  is  a  book  after  our  own  heart, — fresh,  animated,  vigorous, 
and  independent."— N.  P.  WILLIS. 

Also  highly  commended  by  H.  T.  Tuckerman. 

8.  Poems,  Bost.,  1847.  9.  Oration  on  the  Fortieth  Anni 
versary  of  the  Battle  of  Lake  Erie,  delivered  at  Newport, 
R.I.,  Sept.  1853,  Camb.,  1853,  8vo.  A  valuable  contribu 
tion.  See  Duyckincks'  Cyc.  Amer.  Lit.  10.  Comedies, 
Bost.,  1856,  12mo.  11.  Social  Science;  a  Discourse,  in 
3  Parts,  N.Y.,  1856,  12mo.  Also  contributed  many  valu 
able  articles  to  the  North  American  and  other  Reviews. 

"  Mr.  Calvert  is  a  scholar  of  refined  tastes  and  susceptibilities, 
educated  in  the  school  of  Goethe,  who  looks  upon  the  world,  at 
home  and  abroad,  in  the  light  not  merely  of  genial  and  ingenious 
reflection,  but  with  an  eye  of  philosophical  practical  improve 
ment." — Literary  World. 

Calvert,  James,  d.  1698,  a  Nonconformist  divine, 
educated  at  Clare  Hall,  Cambridge,  a  native  of  York,  pub. 
a  work  on  the  Ten  Tribes :  Naphthali,  seu  Collectatio  Theo- 
logica,  de  reditu  decem  tribuum,  conversione,  et  mensibus 
Ezekielis,  Lon.,  1672,  4to. 

Calvert,  John.  The  Psalter  and  Canticles  in  the 
Morning  and  Evening  Services  of  the  Church  of  England, 
Lon.,  1844.  Anthems,  1844. 

"  Mr.  Calvert's  manual,  with  appropriate  prefetory  remarks,  is  a 
further  acquisition  to  those  who  delight  in  chanting."—  Church 
Magazitte. 

Calvert,  Sir  Pet.  Speech  rel.  to  Mrs.  Inglefield,  1781. 


Calvert,  Robert,  M.D.  Reflections  on  Fever,  Lon., 
1815,  8vo.  Treatise  on  Haemorrhoides,  8vo. 

Calvert,  Thomas,  1606-1679,  uncle  of  James  Cal 
vert,  and  Vicar  of  Trinity,  York.  Mel  Coeli,  on  Isaiah 
liii.  1657,  4to.  The  Blessed  Jew  of  Morocco,  1648,  8vo. 
Three  Sermons,  1660.  Heart  Salve  for  a  Wounded  Soul, 
&c.,  1675,  12mo. 

Cam,  Joseph,  M.D.     Med.  treatises,  1729,  '31,  8vo. 

Cam,  T.  C.,  surgeon.     Con.  to  Memoirs  Med.,  1805. 

Cambden,  John.     Funeral  serm.,  1714,  8vo. 

Cambel,  Lord  of  Lome.     Speech,  Lon.,  1641,  fol. 

Cambrensis.    See  BARRY,  GIRALD. 

Cambridge,  Richard  Owen,  1717-1802,  was  en 
tered  a  gentleman  commoner  of  St.  John's  College,  Oxford, 
in  1734;  became  a  member  of  Lincoln's  Inn,  1737,  and  in 
1741  was  married  to  Miss  Trenchard.  About  1750  he  re 
moved  to  Twickenham,  where  he  resided  in  his  beautiful 
villa  for  the  remainder  of  his  life.  The  Scribleriad ;  an 
heroic  Poem,  in  six  books,  Lon.,  1751,  4to.  The  parodies 
in  this  poem  upon  well-known  passages  of  Virgil  and  other 
classical  poets  have  been  much  admired.  False  taste  and 
pretended  science  are  freely  exposed. 

The  Dialogue  between  a  Member  of  Parliament  and  his 
Servant,  1752.  The  Intruder;  a  Poem,  1754,  4to.  War 
in  India  between  the  English  and  French  in  the  Coroman- 
del,  1750,  '60,  '61,  4to. 

"Valuable  for  its  accuracy  and  authenticity." — LOWNDES. 

This  was  intended  to  have  been  continued  on  an  exten 
sive  scale,  partly  by  means  of  Mr.  Orme's  papers,  but  the 
project  was  abandoned  in  consequence  of  Mr.  Orme's  pre 
paration  of  his  valuable  History,  pub.  1763-78,  3  vols.  4to. 
Mr.  Cambridge  wrote  21  of  the  best  papers  in  the  periodi 
cal  called  The  World.  Works,  [excepting  the  War  in  In 
dia,]  with  Life  and  Character,  by  his  son  the  Rev.  George 
Owen  Cambridge,  1803,  4to.  Mr.  Cambridge  entertained 
the  literary  stars  of  his  day  at  his  hospitable  villa  at 
Twickenham. 

Camden,  Lord,  Arguments  of,  Lon.,  1776,  4to;  and 
see  Supplement  vol.  of  Hargrave's  State  Trials. 

Camden,  William,  1551-1623,  "  The  British  Pau- 
sanias,"  was  a  native  of  London,  a  son  of  Sampson  Cam 
den,  a  house-painter,  who  had  removed  from  Lichfield  to 
the  metropolis.  His  mother  was  of  the  ancient  family  of 
the  Curwens  of  Workington,  in  Cumberland.  He  received 
the  rudiments  of  education  in  Christ's  Hospital  and  St. 
Paul's  school,  and  in  his  15th  year  was  admitted  a  servitor 
in  Magdalen  College,  Oxford.  Failing  to  obtain  a  demi's 
place  here,  he  removed  to  Broadgate's  Hall,  now  Pembroke 
College.  He  was  unsuccessful  as  a  candidate  for  a  Fel 
lowship  in  All  Souls'  College,  and  in  1570  failed  in  ob 
taining  the  degree  of  A.B.  This,  however,  was  conferred 
upon  him  in  1573.  In  1575  he  was  appointed  second  mas 
ter  of  Westminster  school,  and  in  1593  was  advanced  to 
the  post  of  head  master.  From  the  troublesome,  though 
honourable,  duties  pertaining  to  this  office  he  was  relieved 
in  1597,  when,  by  the  interest  of  Sir  Fulke  Greville,  he 
was  appointed  to  the  office  of  Clarencieux  King-at-Arms. 
He  was  now  enabled  to  pursue  those  antiquarian  pursuits — 
by  extensive  peregrination  through  England  and  diligent 
study  of  records — the  results  of  which  have  conferred  so 
much  celebrity  upon  his  name.  After  ten  years  of  inde 
fatigable  industry  he  pub.  1586,  in  Latin,  8vo,  the  first 
edition  of  the  Britannia.  The  title  retained  in  all  the 
editions  was  as  follows :  Britannia,  sive  Florentissimorum 
Regnorum  Anglise,  Scotiae,  Hibernise,  et  Insulatum  adja- 
centium,  ex  intima  Antiquitate,  Chorographica  Descriptio, 
2d  edit.,  1587,  12mo;  3d,  1590;  4th,  1594,  4to;  5th,  1600; 
6th  and  last  edit.,  corrected  by  the  author,  1607,  fol. ;  the 
1st  edit,  with  Maps.  As  the  work  passed  from  one  edition 
to  another,  enlargements,  corrections,  and  improvements 
were  made.  The  4th  edit.,  1594,  was  attacked  by  Ralph 
Brooke,  who  was  answered  in  the  Apology  to  the  Reader  in 
the  5th  edit.  Brooke  again  took  up  the  cudgels ; — but  of 
this  controversy  we  have  already  treated  under  Ralph 
Brooke.  In  1610  the  Britannia  was  trans,  by  Philemon 
Holland,  who  is  supposed  to  have  consulted  the  author, 
which  impression  confers  great  credit  upon  this  version. 
The  best  edit,  is  that  of  1637,  fol.  In  1695  Bishop  Gibson 
trans.  The  Britannia  into  English,  with  large  additions  at 
the  end  of  each  county  and  Holland's  most  material  notes 
at  the  bottom  of  each  page.  The  names  of  Bishop  Gib 
son  s  coadjutors  in  this  labour  will  be  found  in  the  Censura 
Literaria.  This  trans,  was  reprinted  in  1753,  2  vols.  fol., 
and  again  in  1772,  2  vols.  fol.,  with  some  corrections  and 
improvements  from  his  lordship's  MS.  in  his  own  copy. 
A  first  vol.  of  a  trans,  by  William  Oldys  was  printed  in 
4to,  but  Mr.  Gough  thinks  was  never  finished  nor  dated. 
The  last  and  most  complete  trans,  of  this  great  work  waa 


CAM 


CAM 


pub.  in  1789,  (enlarged,)  3  vols.  fol.,  by  Richard  Gough, 
an  antiquary  of  great  learning.  Mr.  Gough  superintended 
the  first  vol.  of  a  new  edit.,  but  in  1806  declined  proceed 
ing  with  his  labours.  He  announced  this  determination 
to  the  papers,  that  no  improper  use  might  be  made  of  his 
name.  The  work,  however,  was  completed  in  4  vols.  fol., 
1806,  and  is  sold  for  about  the  same  price  as  the  other  im 
pression,  say  £7.  Dr.  Bliss  suggests  that  the  University 
of  Oxford, to  which  Gough  bequeathed  his  collections  re 
lating  to  British  Topography,  should  pub.  a  new  edit,  of 
the  Britannia.  Lirizaeus  pub.  a  Latin  abridgment  of  the 
original  work,  1617,  12mo;  2d  edit.,  1639,  12mo;  Amst., 
1648,  fol.  An  edit,  by  Bleau  in  French,  with  maps  en 
graved  by  Speed,  was  pub.,  Amst.,  1662,  fol.  An  abridgt. 
of  the  original  by  Charles  Blackwell  appeared,  Lon.,  1701, 
2  vols.  8vo;  with  addits.,  1728,  2  vols.  fol. 

The  value  of  the  Britannia  can  hardly  be  over-rated : 

"The  glory  of  this  queen's  reign,  as  well  as  her  successor's, and 
the  prince  of  our  English  antiquaries,  was  Mr.  Camden,  whose  life 
has  been  written  at  large  by  Dr.  Smith,  Mr.  Wood,  and  Dr.  Gibson. 
So  that  I  need  not  here  mention  any  of  its  particulars.  His  Bri 
tannia  is  the  book  which  chiefly  respects  the  subject  of  this  chap 
ter;  and  may  honestly  be  stiled  the  common  sun,  whereat  our 
modern  writers  have  all  lighted  their  little  torches."— BISHOP  Ni- 
COLSON  :  English  Hist.  Library,  chap.  i. 

The  work,  even  in  its  first  and  imperfect  edition,  was 
declared  to  be  "  an  honour  to  its  author,  and  the  glory  of 
his  country."  He  was  encouraged  by  that  which  was  of 
more  value  than  mere  public  commendation — the  applause 
of  the  learned  in  matters  of  antiquarian  research.  We 
give  a  specimen : 

"  I  thank  you  most  heartily,  good  Mr.  Camden,  for  the  use  of 
these  books  of  yours,  since  they  deliver  many  things  that  are  not,  so 
ikr  as  I  do  know,  elsewhere  to  be  had,  and  the  same  no  less  learnedly 
picked  out  than  delicately  uttered  and  written." — Letter  from 
William,  Lambard,  the  famous  Kentish  antiquary,  July  9,  1585. 

"  Hearne  in  one  of  his  MS.  Diaries  in  the  Bodleian,  (vol.  Ixv.  pp. 
115,  116,)  says,  *  There  is  in  the  Ashmolean  Museum  amongst  Mr. 
Ashmole's  books,  a  very  lair  folio  Manuscript,  handsomely  bound, 
containing  an  English  translation  of  Mr.  Camden's  Britannia  by 
Richard  Knolles,  the  same  that  writ  the  History  of  the  Turks. 
This  book  was  found  lock'd  up  in  a  box,  in  Mr.  Camden's  study, 
after  his  death.  Mr.  Camden  set  a  great  value  upon  it.  I  suppose 
it  was  presented  by  the  author  to  Mr.  Camden.'  This  volume  is 
now  the  MS.  Ashmole,  849." 

We  quote  an  account  of  a  most  desirable  copy  adver 
tised  lately  by  Mr.  Geo.  Willis,  London  : 

Camden's  Britannia,  translated  and  enlarged  by  Gough 
and  Nichols.  Last  edition,  illustrated  with  about  3000 
additional  portraits,  engravings,  maps,  <fcc.,  in  15  vols. 
royal  folio,  uncut,  £16  16«.,  1806. 

"  A  valuable  and  very  extensive  collection  of  Portraits  and  Plates, 
to  illustrate  this  work,  collected  from  the  antiquarian  publications 
of  Pennant,  J.  T.  Smith,  S.  R.  Meyrick,  Views  of  Antiquities,  Cas 
tles,  Abbeys,  Churches,  Ac.,  by  Sandby,  Storer,  Greig,  Allom,  &c. 
Portraits  by  Vertue,  Lombert,  Lely,  (including  Richardson's  Col 
lection,)  Cuttings  and  Selections  from  topographical  and  historical 
works,  &c." 

In  1597  he  pub.  his  Greek  Grammar  for  the  use  of  West 
minster  school,  which  when  D.  Smith  pub.  his  life,  in  1691, 
had  gone  through  forty  impressions.  It  was  superseded 
at  Westminster  about  1650,  by  Busby's  Grammar.  In 
1600  he  gave  to  the  world  a  description  of  the  monuments 
in  Westminster  Abbey — Reges  Reginse  Nobiles,  etc.;  re 
printed  with  additions  in  1603  and  1606,  4to.  In  1603 
appeared  his  collection  of  Historians — Asser,  Walsingham, 
De  la  More,  Cambrensis,  <fcc.,  Franck.,  fol.  From  these 
writers  he  had  intended  to  compile  a  civil  history  of  Great 
Britain,  but  abandoned  the  project.  The  article  "Nor 
man"  is  a  part  of  the  proposed  work.  In  1605  he  pub. 
Remaines  of  a  greater  work  concerning  Britain,  <fcc.,  fol.  ; 
and  1614,  1627,  1629,  1635,  4to ;  6th  edit,  enlarged  by  Sir 
John  Phillpot  and  W.  D.,  1637,  4to;  7th  edit.,  1674,  8vo. 
This  is  a  collection  of  fragments  illustrative  of  the  habits, 
manners,  and  customs  of  the  ancient  Britons  and  Saxons. 
At  the  desire  of  James  I.  he  drew  up,  in  Latin,  an  account 
of  the  Gunpowder  plot,— Actio  in  Henricum  Garnetum 
Societatis  Jesuiticae,  etc.,  1607,  4to. 

"  Performed  with  great  accuracy,  elegance,  and  spirit." 
It  was  immediately  condemned  by  the  Inquisition.  His 
attached  friend  and  patron,  Lord  Burleigh,  had  in  1597,  a 
year  before  his  death,  urged  Camden  to  compile  a  history 
of  the  reign  of  Elizabeth.  His  lordship  had  carefully 
noted  the  events  and  actors  of  the  time,  and  his  informa 
tion  and  literary  records  were  of  invaluable  assistance  to 
the  historian.  Camden  completed  the  first  part  of  his  task 
extending  to  1589,  in  1615,  when  it  was  pub.  under  the 
title  of  Annales  rerum  Anglicarum  et  Hibernicarum  reg- 
nante  Elizabetha  ad  an.salutis,  1589,  fol.  We  can  readily 
imagine  the  difficulty  under  which  a  historian  laboured 
who  could  only  publish  his  MS.  after  inspection  by  one 
occupying  the  position  to  Mary  of  Scotland  and  Elizabeth 
330 


of  England  which  was  held  by  James  I.  The  royal  war 
rant  for  the  publication  of  part  first  empowered  Camden 
to  publish  "  so  much  of  the  History  of  England  in  Latin 
as  we  have  perused,"  &c. 

"  Some  objections  were  made  with  respect  to  the  account  he  has 
given  of  the  unfortunate  Mary,  Queen  of  Scots,  as  if  he  had  been 
biassed  therein,  from  a  complaisance  for  her  son,  who  was  his 
sovereign:  but  there  does  not  appear  any  just  ground  for  these 
suggestions :  much  less  for  what  has  been  asserted,  that  his  work 
was  altered  or  castrated,  and  that  it  did  not  appear  to  the  world 
as  it  fell  originally  from  his  pen." — Biog.  Brit. 

However  innocent  Camden  may  have  felt  of  cause  for 
any  just  censure,  he  doubtless  was  conscious  that  he  was 
placed  in  a  position  which  no  historian  should  occupy ; 
and  that  he  had  erred  in  publishing  his  work  under  such 
circumstances.  He  intrusted  a  copy  of  the  original  MS. 
of  the  second  portion  to  his  friend  Mr.  Dupuy,  who  was 
ordered  to  publish  it  after  the  historian's  decease.  The 
trust  was  discharged.  It  was  first  printed  at  Leyden, 
1625,  8vo;  and  again  at  London,  1627,  fol.;  Leyden,  1639, 
8vo;  an  English  trans,  by  Thomas  Brown,  Lon.,  1628, 
4to;  in  English,  1635,  fol.;  Latin,  Lugd.  Bat,,  1639,  8vo; 
London,  1675,  fol. ;  the  same,  Amst.,  1677,  8vo;  in  Eng 
lish,  Lon.,  1688,  fol.;  best  edit,  by  Hearne,  from  Dr. 
Smith's  copy,  corrected  by  Camden's  own  hand,  collated 
with  a  MS.  in  Rawlinson's  library,  Oxfv  1717,  3  vols.  8vo; 
and  see  Kennet's  Collection,  ii.,  1706. 

"  The  method  is  clear  and  plain,  judiciously  laid  down,  and 
constantly  pursued,  with  equal  accuracy,  skill,  and  attention. 
The  style  is  grave,  and  suited  to  the  majesty  of  the  history,  never 
swelling  into  a  false  sublime,  or  sinking  even  in  the  relation  of 
the  smallest  circumstances,  but  even  and  elegant  throughout, 
free  from  any  mixture  of  affectation,  and  from  a  vain  and  needless 
ostentation  of  learning:  no  way  deficient  in  necessary  circum 
stances,  never  loaded  with  tedious  or  trifling  particularities,  but 
proceeding  in  so  just  and  equal  a  manner  that  the  attention  of 
the  reader  is  continually  retained,  and  never  embarrassed  by  any 
ambiguity  or  doubtfulness  of  expression." — Biog.  Brit. 

"  A  most  exquisite  history."— BISHOP  NICOLSON  :  English  Hist. 
Library. 

"  Camden's  Annals  of  Elizabeth  and  Bacon's  Hist,  of  Henry 
VII.  are  the  only  two  Lives  of  the  Sovereigns  of  England  which 
come  up  to  the  dignity  of  the  subject,  either  in  fulness  of  matter 
or  beauty  of  composition." — SELDEN. 

The  reader  will  be  pleased  to  know  the  opinion  of  Mr. 
Hume : 

"  Camden's  History  of  Queen  Elizabeth  may  be  esteemed  good 
composition,  both  for  style  and  matter.  It  is  written  with  simpli 
city  of  expression,  very  rare  in  that  age,  and  with  a  regard  to 
truth.  It  would  not,  perhaps,  be  too  much  to  affirm  that  it  is 
among  the  best  historical  productions  which  have  yet  been  com 
posed  by  any  Englishman.  It  is  well  known  that  the  English 
have  not  much  excelled  in  that  kind  of  literature." — Hist,  of  Eng. 

Dr.  Robertson  protests  against  Camden's  version  of 
Scottish  affairs  under  Queen  Mary  as  more  inaccurate  than 
any  which  has  come  down  to  us.  Doubtless  the  historian 
was  placed  in  circumstances  calculated  to  cause  him  to  fa 
vour  the  character  of  Elizabeth.  Annales  Jacobi  Reges, 
1603-23,  Lon.,  1691,  4to;  in  English,  see  Kennet's  Collec 
tion.  Epistola  cum  Appendice  varii  argumenti,  Lon., 
1691,  4to.  Description  of  Scotland,  Edin.,  1695,  8vo. 
Antiquities  and  Office  of  Herald  in  England,  Oxf.,  1720, 
8vo.  Ipsius  et  illustrium  Virorum,  &c.,  Lon.,  1691,  4to. 
Camden  also  wrote  some  poems,  epitaphs,  and  antiquarian 
essays.  Vide  Hearne's  Collection,  <fcc.  The  name  of 
Camden  is,  undoubtedly,  one  of  the  most  distinguished 
which  adorns  the  English  annals. 

"  The  high  reputation  his  writings  acquired  him  amongst  fo 
reigners,  is,  at  the  same  time,  a  tribute  to  his  merit,  and  to  the 
glory  of  this  nation,  which  owes  to  few  of  her  worthies  !n  the  Re 
public  of  Letters  more  than  to  him,  whose  fame  extended  through 
out  Europe,  and  yet  escaped  the  rage  of  critics  wherever  it  came. 
This  was  certainly  owing,  in  a  great  measure,  to  the  sweetness  and 
candour  of  his  temper,  which  so  qualified  his  learning,  that  in 
foreign  nations  all  were  ready  to  commend,  and  none  cared  to  dis 
pute  with  him."— Biog.  Brit. 

"  In  his  writings  he  was  candid  and  modest,  in  his  conversation 
easy  and  innocent,  and  in  his  whole  life  even  and  exemplary." — 
BISHOP  GIBSON.  See  Life  in  Gough's  Camden;  Biog.  Brit.;  Life 
by  Smith;  Athen.  Oxon. 

Camell,  Robert.     Three  Serras.,  1726,  8vo. 

Camell,  Thomas.  1.  Reoindre  to  Churchyarde. 
2.  Answer  to  Goodman  Chappel's  Supplication,  sine  anno. 

"  These  are  two  short  poems,  in  an  odd  kind  of  metre,  and  un 
couth  spelling." 

Camelli,  G.  J.,  D.D.  Con.  to  Phil.  Trans.,  1698, 
1703,  '04 ;  on  natural  history,  medicine,  and  botany. 

Camerarius,  David,  Presbyteri  Scoti.  De  Statu 
hominis  veteris,  Ac.,  Catalauni,  1627,  4to. 

Camerarius,  Gul.  Selectae  Disputationes  Philoso 
phies,  Paris,  1630.  Antiquitatis  de  novitate  victorisc, 
Fast.,  1635,  4to.  Scoticanae  Ecclesise  infantia,  Paris, 
1643,  4to. 

Camerarius,  Ja.  De  Scotorum  Fortitudine,  Ae., 
Paris,  1631,  4to.  Vide  Bp.  Nicolson's  Scot.  Hist  Library. 


CAM 

Cameron,  Mrs.,  has  pub.  seventeen  different  works, 
a  number  of  which  are  intended  for  the  benefit  of  children. 
Addresses  to  Children  on  the  Beatitudes,  18mo.  Marten 
and  his  Scholars,  18mo.  Fruits  of  Education,  12mo. 
Englishwomen,  Lon.,  1841,  12mo.  The  Farmer's  Daugh- 

"  We  welcome  in  this  little  Tolume  a  valuable  addition  to  the 
excellent  series  of  Tale*  for  the  People  and  their  Children.  The 
story  conveys  high  moral  truths  in  a  most  attractive  form.  — 
Hunt's  Magazine. 

Cameron,  Alexander.  Letter  to  Rev.  Dr.  Smith, 
on  his  Life  of  St.  Columba,  1798,  8vo. 

Cameron,  C.  R.     Theological  treatises,  1809,  '10. 
Cameron,   Charles.    Baths  of  the  Romans,  Lon., 
1772,  imp.  fol.,  with  plates.     A  splendid  work. 

Cameron,  Duncan,  and  Wm.  Norwood.  North 
Carolina  Conference  Court  Cases,  Raleigh,  1805,  Svo;  2d 
ed.,  with  Taylor's  N.  Carolina  Reports,  with  Notes  and 
References,  by  Wm.  Battle,  Raleigh,  1844,  Svo. 

Cameron,  Ewin.  Fingal  of  Ossian  in  verse,  1777,  4to. 
Cameron,  Lieut.  Col.  G.  Poulett,  C.B.,  K.T.S. 
Adventures  in  Georgia,  Circassia,  and  Russia,  Lon^  1845, 
2  vols.  p.  Svo. 

"  In  the  agreeable  shape  of  a  narrative  of  personal  adventure, 
Colonel  Cameron  has  given  an  extremely  entertaining  account  of 
his  residence  among  the  Don  Cossacks,  the  inhabitants  of  the  Cau 
casus,  and  of  his  travels  in  various  portions  of  the  Russian  domi 
nions,  and  of  the  Emperor  Nicholas  and  his  military  resources." 
— Lon.  New  Montfily  Mag. 

Cameron,  John,  elected  Bishop  of  Glasgow,  1426. 
Canons,  in  MS.  in  Bibliotheca  Harl.,  4631 ;  vol.  i.  47. 

Cameron,  John,  1580?-1625,  a  Scotch  divine  of 
great  learning,  was  professor  of  Greek  at  the  University 
of  Glasgow  at  the  age  of  20,  and  afterwards  taught  Latin, 
Greek,  and  Divinity,  at  Bordeaux,  Sedan,  Saumur,  and 
Montauban.  Myrothecium  Evangelicum,  Geneva,  1632, 
4to.  Praelectiones  in  selectiora  quaedam  loca  Novi  Testa 
ment!,  Ac.,  Salmurii,  1626-28,  3  vols.  4to.  Other  works. 
For  notices  of  editions,  see  Orme's  Bibl.  Bib.  , 

"  The  most  learned  man  Scotland  ever  produced." — BISHOP  HALL. 
Such  extravagance  is  in  bad  taste:  who  is  to  decide 
who  is  the  most  learned  man  in  any  country,  in  any  age  ? 
The  terms  so  current,  of  the  most  learned,  or  most  polite, 
or  the  best,  or  the  wittiest,  or  the  greatest,  man,  or  the 
handsomest  woman — and,  indeed,  all  superlatives — are 
shocking  vulgarisms,  which  cannot  be  too  carefully  es 
chewed. 

"  Cameron  was  a  subtle  theologian,  who  displayed  much  critical 
acumen  in  the  interpretation  of  the  Scriptures." — DR.  McCRiE. 

"  He  spoke  and  wrote  Greek  as  if  it  were  his  mother  tongue." — 
DR.  J.  PYE  SMITH. 

Cameron,  John.   The  Messiah,  in  9  Books,  1770,  Svo, 
Cameron,  Julia  M.     Leonora;  from  the  German  of 
Burger,  with  illust.  by  Maclise,  Lon.,  1846,  c.  4to. 
"  Maclise  revels  in  the  illustrations." — Lon.  Literary  Gazette. 
Cameron,  Thos.,  M.D.     Con.  to  Phil.  Trans.,  1747 
Cameron,  William.    The  French  Revolution,  Edin., 
1802,  Svo. 

Camficld,  Ben  j.  Theological  treatises,  Lon.,  1 658-85 
His  Discourse  of  Angels  and  their  Ministries,  1678,  Svo 
has  been  highly  commended. 

"  The  subject  here  undertaken  to  be  treated  upon  is  certainly 
very  high  and  noble  in  itself,  and  exceedingly  useful  for  us  to  be 
acquainted  withal.  I  have  read  it  over  to  my  great  satisfaction 
and  edification." — GEO.  HAMMOM>.  , 

Camneld,  Francis.     Serm.,  Lon.,  1694,  Svo. 
Camlan,  Goronva.     Lays  from  the  Cymbric  Lyre 
Lon.,  1846,  12mo. 

"  For  sincerity  of  purpose, — for  the  enthusiasm  of  the  writer, — 

and  for  the  erudition  and  ability  which  support  that  enthusiasm 

the  volume  deserves  well  at  the  hands  of  the  public." — Lon.  Critic 

Campbell,  Miss.    Poems,  Lon.,  12mo. 

Campbell,  A.,  M.D.     Con.  to  Med.  Com.,  1785. 

Campbell,  A.  C.     Apologise  Ecclesiae  Anglicanse 

from  Bp.  Jewel,    1812,  12mo;  in  Greek,  by  Smith,  1812 

12mo;  in  English,  1813,  Svo.    Trans,  of  the  Law  of  Natun 

and  Nations,  from  Grotius,  1814,  3  vols.  Svo. 

Campbell,  A.  D.  1.  Grammar  of  the  Teloogo  o 
Gentoo  Language.  2.  Dictionary  of  ditto,  Madras,  1816 
'21.  4to. 

Campbell,  Alexander.  Sequel  to  Bulkeley  an( 
Cummin's  Voyage  to  the  South  Seas,  Lon.,  1747,  Svo.  i 
Chain  of  Philosophical  Reasoning  in  proof  of  the  existenc 
of  a  Supreme  Being,  1754,  Svo. 

Campbell,  Alexander.  History  of  Dover  Castle 
Lon.,  1786,  4to;  a  trans,  from  the  Latin  MS.  of  Rev.  W 
Darell. 

Campbell,  Alexander.  An  Examination  of  Lor 
Bolingbroke's  Letters  on  History,  (anon. ;)  2d  edit.,  Lon 
1753,  12mo. 


CAM 

Campbell,  Alexander.  An  Introduction  to  the  His- 
ory  of  Poetry  in  Scotland,  Edin.,  1799,  4to. 

"  A  valuable  work,  containing  much  interesting  matter  in  a  mis- 
.ellaneous  form."— PARK. 

A  Journey  from  Edinburgh  through  parts  of  North 
Britain,  Lon.,  1802,  2  vols.  4to. 

"This  work  unites  pleasure,  information,  and  instruction,  while 
t  exhibits  a  model  to  the  tourist.  The  physical,  moral,  political, 
eli"-ious.  and  literary  state  of  the  Scotch  Metropolis  is  here  truly 
inhibited." 

Other  works. 

Campbell,  Alexander.     Political  tracts,  1806-17. 

Campbell,  Alexander.  History  of  Leith,  Leith, 
1824,  Svo. 

Campbell,  Rev.  Alexander,  b.  1788,  at  Shaw  s 
Castle,  county  of  Antrim,  Ireland,  during  many  years  a 
resident  in  America,  has  written  and  edited  the  following 
works:  Christian  Baptist;  7  vols.,  from  1823  to  1829,  both 
nclusive.  Millennial  Harbinger,  now  (1855)  in  its  26th 
7ol. ;  1st  No.  pub.  Jan.,  1830.  Christian  System.  Chris 
tian  Baptism.  Christian  Hymn  Book.  Infidelity  refuted 
ay  Infidels.  New  translation  of  the  New  Testament; 
Pocket  and  Family  editions,  with  prefaces,  <fcc.  Debates 
with  Walker,  McCalla,  Owen,  Purcell,  and  Rice.  The 
Debate  between  Robert  Owen,  Esq.,  and  Alexander  Camp 
bell,  as  to  the  respective  merits  of  Socialism  and  Chris 
tianity,  Lon.,  Svo. 

"  With  an  acute,  vigorous  mind,  quick,  perceptions,  and  rapid 
powers  of  combination,  Mr.  Campbell  sorely  puzzled  his  antagonist, 
ind  at  the  same  time  both  delighted  and  instructed  his  audience, 
by  his  masterly  defence  of  the  truth,  divine  origin,  and  inestimable 
importance  of  Christianity."— Cincinnati  Chronicle. 

Campbell,  Archibald,  Marquis  of  Argyle,  1598- 
1661.  Speeches,  Letters,  Answers,  &c.  connected  with  his 
political  life  and  trial  for  High  Treason;  pub.  Lon.,  1641, 
,  '48,  '52,  '61.  Instructions  to  a  Son,  Lon.,  1689,  12mo. 
Campbell,  Hon.  Archibald,  a  Scotch  Prelate,  con 
secrated  1711,  at  Dundee,  wrote  several  theological  works. 
The  Doctrines  of  a  Middle  State  between  Death  and  the 
Resurrection ;  of  Prayers  for  the  Dead,  <fcc.,  Lon.,  1713,  fol. 

"  All  Christians  believe  in  a  middle  state ;  but  Bishop  Campbell's 

iews  are  so  like  popery,  though  he  very  earnestly  disavows  it, 
that  very  few  it  is  presumed  out  of  Rome  will  be  found  to  espouse 
them."— ORME. 

"  A  learned  work,  tending  to  Romanism,  but  with  useful  sug 
gestion  S."— BlC  KERSTETH. 

The  Necessity  of  Revelation,  Lon.,  1739,  Svo.  Recom 
mended  by  Bishop  Van  Mildert, 

Campbell,  Archibald,  D.D.,  Regius  Professor  of 
Divinity  and  Eccles.  Hist.,  University  of  "St.  Andrew's.  The 
Authenticity  of  the  Gospel  History  Justified,  Edin.,  1759, 
2  vols.  Svo.  Other  theolog.  treatises. 

Campbell,  Archibald.  Lexephoras,  Lon.,  1767, 
12mo.  Sale  of  Authors,  in  imit.  of  Lucian's  Sale  of  Phi 
losophers,  1767,  12mo. 

Campbell,  Archibald.  A  Voyage  round  the  World, 
1806-12,  Edin.,  1816,  Svo. 

"  He  has  detailed  many  interesting  particulars  of  the  manners 
and  customs  of  the  Sandwich  Islanders." 

Campbell,  Maj.  Calder.  The  Palmer's  Last  Les 
son,  and  other  poems,  Lon.,  12mo,  1838.  Rough  Notes  of 
Rambles  Abroad,  3  vols.  p.  Svo,  1847.  Winter  Nights;  a 
Novel,  3  vols.  p.  Svo,  1850.  The  poetry  of  Major  Campbell 
has  been  deservedly  admired. 

Campbell,  Charles.  Traveller's  Guide  through  Bel 
gium,  Holland,  and  Germany,  1815,  12mo. 

Campbell,  Charles,  son  of  John  Wilson  Campbell, 
born  1807,  at  Petersburg,  Va.,  grad.  Princeton  Coll.,  1825. 
The  Bland  Papers,  Svo,  1840.  Introduction  to  the  History 
of  the  Colony  and  Ancient  Dominion  of  Virginia,  Svo, 
Richmond,  1847. 

"  This  is  a  succinct  outline  of  the  History  of  Virginia  from  the 
first  discovery  and  settlement  to  the  surrender  of  Lord  Cornwallis 
at  Yorktown  in  1781." 

Con.  to  Southern  Lit.  Messenger  from  its  commencement. 
Campbell,  JLady  Charlotte.     See  BURY. 
Campbell,  Colin,  d.  1734.     Harris's  Voyages,  en 
larged,  Lon.,  1715,  2  vols.  fol.    Vitruvius  Britannicus,  Lon., 
1715,  '17,  '26,  '67,  '71;  by  C.  C.,  and  Wolfe,  and  Gandon. 
Hist,  of  the  Balearic  Islands,  1719,  Svo.     Con.  to  Phil. 
Trans.,  1734. 

Campbell,  D.  Forbes.  Trans,  of  Thiers's  History 
of  the  Consulate,  and  the  Empire  of  France  under  Napo 
leon,  Lon.,  1845,  Ac.,  8  vols.  Svo.  Also  trans,  by  Redhead 
and  Stapleton.  Thiers's  Hist,  of  the  Revolution  has  been 
trans,  by  Redhead  and  Shoberl. 

Campbell,  David,  M.D.  Typhus  Fever,  Lancaster, 
1785,  Svo. 

Campbell,  Donald,  (Carpenter,  Stephen  Cul- 
len,  q.  v.)     A  Journey  Overland  to  India,  1795,  4to. 
"It  abounds  with  natural  reflections,  and  contains  the  travels 


CAM 

of  the  writer's  mind,  together  with  his  bodily  peregrinations."— 
Lon.  Monthly  Review,  1795. 

Letter  to  the  Marquis  of  Lon.  on  the  Present  Times, 
1798,  8vo. 

Campbell,  Dorothea  Primrose,  a  native  of  Ler- 
wiek,  Shetland  Islands.  Poems,  Inverness,  1810, 8vo.  Miss 
C.  made  the  acquaintance  of  Sir  Walter  Scott  during  his 
visit  to  the  Northern  Isles.  He  encouraged  her  literary 
aspirations,  and  she  pub.  the  above  volume,  which  is  dedi 
cated  to  Sir  Walter. 

Campbell,  Duncan.  Time's  Telescope,  Lon.,  1734, 
8vo.  The  Earth's  Groans,  1755,  8vo.  De  Foe  pub.  in  1720, 
8vo,  The  Life  and  Adventures  of  Duncan  Campbell;  and 
Eliza  Haywood  pub.  in  1725,  8vo,  A  Collection  of  Stories 
relating  to  Duncan  Campbell. 

Campbell,  G.  L.  Expedition  to  St.  Augustine,  1744; 
this  was  Gen.  Oglethorpe's  expedition. 

Campbell,  George  John  Douglas,  Duke  of  Ar 
gyll,  b.  1823,  a  warm  advocate  of  the  principles  of  the 
Church  of  Scotland,  pub.  when  19  years  of  age,  A  Letter 
to  the  Peers,  from  a  Peer's  Son ;  this  relates  to  the  cele 
brated  Auchterarder  Case,  which  led  to  the  disruption  of 
the  Church  of  Scotland.  In  1848  his  Grace  pub.  Presby 
tery  Examined,  in  which  he  reviews  the  Ecclesiastical  His 
tory  of  Scotland  since  the  Reformation.  His  Grace  is  a 
man  of  extensive  attainments,  and  labours  zealously  for 
the  advancement  of  science  and  literature. 

Campbell,  George,  D.D.,  1719-1796,  a  native  of 
Aberdeen,  studied  at  Marischal  College,  and  afterwards 
applied  himself  to  the  study  of  Law.  Preferring  Divinity, 
he  qualified  himself  for  examination,  and  in  1746  received 
his  license  from  the  Presbytery  of  Aberdeen  as  a  proba 
tioner;  Pastor  of  Banchory-Ternan,  1750;  Minister  at 
Aberdeen,  1756;  Principal  of  Marischal  College,  1759. 
Dr.  Campbell  was  a  man  of  distinguished  learning  and 
abilities. 

A  Dissertation  on  Miracles,  containing  an  examination 
of  the  principles  advanced  by  David  Hume,  <fec.,  Edin., 
1762,  8vo;  1766,  '97,  1812,  '23,  Ac.  Trans,  into  French, 
Dutch,  and  German. 

"  It  contains  a  most  masterly  defence  of  the  evidence  arising 
from  miracles,  of  the  nature  of  the  testimony  by  which  they  are 
supported,  and  of  the  miracles  of  the  Gospel  themselves.  He  com 
pletely  unravelled  the  web  which  the  ingenious  adversary  of  Chris 
tianity  [Hume]  had  woven,  for  the  purpose  of  entangling  its 
friends ;  and  did  every  thing  but  extort  an  acknowledgment  from 
him  that  he  was  beaten  with  his  own  weapons." — ORME.  • 

"  An  able  answer  to  Hume's  Essay  on  Miracles." — BICKERSTETH 
"  Richly  deserving  repeated  perusal :  in  it  the  most  daring  and 
subtle  objections  of  infidels  are  analysed,  detected,  and  exposed, 
in  an  interesting  and  masterly  manner." — DR.  y.  WILLIAMS. 

Philosophy  of  Rhetoric,  Lon..  1776,  i  vols.  8vo:  7th 
edit,  1823,  8vo. 

"  Its  utility  is  equal  to  its  depth  and  originality :  the  philosopher 
finds  in  it  exercise  for  his  ingenuity,  and  the  student  may  safely 
consult  it  for  its  practical  suggestions  and  illustrations." 

The  Four  Gospels,  trans,  from  the  Greek ;  with  Disser 
tations  and  Notes  Critical  and  Explanatory,  Lon.,  1790,  2 
yols.  4to;  1807,  2  vols.  8vo;  3d  edit,  Aberdeen,  1814,  4 
vols.  8vo. 

"  A  real  treasure  of  theological  learning,  exact  criticism,  and 
sound  divinity;  it  has  given  me  more  information  in  regard  to 
Scriptural  knowledge  than  all  the  other  books  I  ever  read."— 
SEATTLE. 

"  It  is  impossible  to  bestow  too  high  commendation  on  this  valu 
able  work.  It  is  perhaps  one  of  the  best  specimens  of  a  translation 
of  the  Scriptures  in  any  language.  To  accurate  and  extensive 
learning,  Dr.  Campbell  united  great  natural  acuteness,  and  deep 

philosophical  penetration His  sentiments  on  doctrinal  subjects 

rarely  appear;  in  which  respect,  the  work  is  very  different  from 
that  of  his  contemporary,  Macknight,  to  whom  he  was  very  supe 
rior  in  acuteness,  candour,  and  originality."— ORME. 

The  notes  which  accompany  it  form  an  excellent  philological 
commentary  on  the  four  Evangelists;  and  the  Dissertations  are  a 
treasure  ot  sacred  criticism."— T.  H.  HORNE. 

«  ™  VeI7  v?lu?ble  work  for  critical  purposes."— BICKERSTETH. 
-D?  E l!  wSSSj  infonnation  in  the  st?le  of  judicious  criticism." 

Lon?,C180e78  °8nvjrsfcematic  Theology  and  Pulpit  Eloquence, 
'  to  theolol       students.»-DE.  E. 


"  Much  important  criticism."— ORME. 
"  Many  excellent  observations."— BICKERSTETH. 
Lectures  on  Ecclesiastical  History,  Ac.,  Lon    1800 
vo;  1813,  2  vols.  8vo ;  Aberdeen,  1815,  2  vols.  8vo'  Lon 

VV °'m  B^hop,  ^kTne,r  answered  this  work  in  his 
__jitive  Truth  and  Order  Vindicated,  Lon.,  1803  8vo 
1  It  discovers  profound  and  accurate  research,  independence  and 
impartiality,  and  contains  more  of  the  philosophy  of  Church  H  1k- 
tory  than  any  other  book  in  the  English  language  Considering 
the  subject,  it  is  a  more  entertaining  book  than  might  have  S 
expected." — ORME. 

"  Neither  Campbell  nor  Jortin  embrace  a  regular  series  of  facts  • 
332 


CAM 

but  point  out  the  prominent  parts  and  circumstances  of  the  general 
subjects,  with  interesting  remarks."— DR.  E.  WILLIAMS. 

Lectures  on  the  Pastoral  Character;  edited  bv  J.  Frazer 
Lon.,  1811,  8vo. 

"  Worthy  of  the  pen  which  produced  the  Essay  on  the  Miracles." 

— IjOWNDES. 

Dr.  C.  also  pub.  a  number  of  Sermons,  1752,  '71,  '76 
'77,  '79.  Works  pub.  in  6  vols.  8vo,  1840. 

«  The  writings  of  Professor  Campbell,  though  not  distinguished 
for  a  rich  exhibition  of  the  grace  of  the  gospel,  are  manifestly  the 
works  01  an  upright,  conscientious  man." — BICKERSTETH. 

"  Had  Campbell  devoted  his  attention  to  mental  philosophy  he 
could  have  done  all  that  Reid  or  Stewart  has  accomplished  "— 
j  ROBERT  HALL. 

Campbell,  Geo.,  of  Stockbridge.  Serms.,  Edin.,  1816. 

Campbell,  Hector,  M.D.  Med.  and  Polit  works, 
Lon.,  1809,  '10,  '13. 

Campbell,  Sir  Hugh.  The  Lord's  Prayer,  Edin., 
1709,  8vo. 

Campbell,  Hugh,  LL.D.  The  Case  Mary  Q.  of  Scots. 
I  Ac.,  from  the  State  Papers,  <fcc.,  Lon.,  1825,  8vo. 

Campbell,  Ivie.     Con.  to  Med.  Com.,  1785. 

Campbell,  J.Trade  to  Turkey  and  Italy,Lon.,l  734,4vo. 

Campbell,  J.,M.D.  Letter  to  his  Friend,Lon.,1746,8vo. 

Campbell,  Jacob,  1760-1788,  b.  in  Rhode  Island. 
Political  Essays. 

Campbell,  James.  Modern  Faulconry,  Edin.,  1773, 
8vo.  The  introduction  was  written  by  Rev.  Alex.  Gillies 
to  ridicule  Monboddo's  work  on  language. 

"  The  account  of  hawking  is  fabulous." 

Campbell,  John.     See  MACURE,  JOHN. 

Campbell,  John,  Earl  of  London,  Lord-Chan 
cellor  of  Scotland.  Speeches  pub.  1641,  '45,  '46,  '48. 

Campbell,  John,  Lord,  b.  1779,  at  Springfield, 
Fifeshire,  Scotland,  was  educated  at  St.  Andrew's,  and 
called  to  the  Bar  by  the  Society  of  Lincoln's  Inn  in  1806. 
He  became  Q.C.  in  1824;  Solicitor  General  and  a  Knight 
Bachelor,  1834;  Attorney-General,  1834;  Lord  Chancellor 
of  Ireland,  1841.  On  the  retirement  of  Lord  Denham  he 
was  made  Chief  Justice  of  the  Queen's  Bench.  In  politics 
his  lordship  is  a  Whig.  Reports,  Nisi  Prius,  1807-16,  Lon., 
1809-16,  4  vols.  r.  8vo.  These  volumes  should  accompany 
Espinasse's  Reports,  1793-1811,  6  vols.  8vo.  The  Reports 
are  continued  by  Starkie,  Ryan,  and  Moody.  Campbell's 
Reports  have  a  high  reputation.  They  were  repub.  in 
New  York,  1810-21,  4  vols.  8vo.  Letter  to  Lord  Stanley, 
Lon.,  1837, 8vo.  Speeches  at  the  Bar  and  House  of  Commons, 
8vo,  1842.  Lives  of  the  Lord  Chancellors  and  Keepers  of 
the  Great  Seal  of  England,  Lon.,  1845-48,  7  vols.  8vo;  4th 
ed.,  1857,  10  vols.  cr.  8vo. 

"A  work  of  sterling  merit, — one  of  very  great  labour,  of  richly- 
diversified  interest,  and,  we  are  satisfied,  of  lasting  value  and  esti 
mation.  WTe  doubt  if  there  be  half  a  dozen  living  men  who  could 
produce  a  Biographical  Series  on  such  a  scale  at  all  likely  to  com 
mand  so  much  applause  from  the  candid  among  the  learned  as  well 
as  from  the  curious  of  the  laity." — Lon.  Quar.  Rev.,  Dec.  1847. 

"  Lord  Campbell  has  rendered  a  very  acceptable  service,  not  only 

to  the  legal  profession,  but  to  the  history  of  the  country,  by  the 

preparation  of  this  important  and  elaborate  work." — Lon.  Law  Rev. 

"I  need  scarcely  advise  every  reader  to  consult  Lord  Campbell's 

excellent  work." — LORD  MACAULAY. 

Lives  of  the  Chief-Justices  of  England,  Lon.,  1849,  2 
vols.  8vo,  vol.  iii.,  1857.  See  Edin.  Rev.,  Oct.  1857. 

"  In  the  Lives  of  the  Chief  Justices  there  is  a  fund  both  of  in 
teresting  information  and  valuable  matter,  which  renders  the  book 
well  worthy  of  perusal  by  every  one  who  desires  to  attain  an  ac 
quaintance  with  the  constitutional  history  of  his  country,  or  as 
pires  to  the  rank  of  either  a  statesman  or  a  lawyer." — Britannia. 

"There  is,  indeed,  in  Lord  Campbell's  works  much  instruction; 
his  subjects  have  been  so  happily  selected,  that  it  was  scarcely 
possible  that  there  should  not  be.  An  eminent  lawyer  and  states 
man  could  not  write  the  lives  of  great  statesmen  and  lawyers 
without  interweaving  curious  information,  and  suggesting  valu 
able  principles  of  judgment,  and  useful  practical  maxims;  but  it 
is  not  for  these  that  his  works  will  be  read.  Their  principal  merit 
is  their  easy,  animated  flow  of  interesting  narrative.  No  one  pos 
sesses  better  than  Lord  Campbell  the  art  of  telling  a  story ;  of 
passing  over  what  is  commonplace ;  of  merely  suggesting  what 
may  be  inferred ;  of  explaining  what  is  obscure,  and  of  placing  in 
strong  light  the  details  of  what  is  interesting."— Edin.  Review. 

Campbell,  John,  LL.D.,  1708-1775,  a  native  ->f 
Edinburgh,  was  a  voluminous  Historical,  Biographical, 
and  Political  writer.  We  notice  a  few  of  his  works,  a  list 
of  which  will  be  found  in  Watt's  Bibl.  Brit.  Military 
Hist  of  Prince  Eugene  and  the  Duke  of  Marlborough, 
Lon.,  1736,  2  vols.  fol.  Lives  of  British  Admirals  and 
other  eminent  Seamen,  Lon.,  1742-44,  4  vols.  8vo ;  3  edits, 
in  the  author's  lifetime ;  4th  edit,  with  a  continuation  by 
Dr.  Berkenhout  to  1779,  8  vols.  r.  8vo ;  continued  by  H. 
R.  Yorke  and  W.  Stevenson,  (to  1812,)  Lon.,  1812-17,  8 
vols.  r.  8vo.  Severely  criticized  in  the  United  Service 
Journal,  1842,  '43.  Voyages  and  travels,  from  Columbus 
to  Anson,  Lon.,  1744,  2  vols.  fol.  This  is  a  great  improve- 


CAM 

ment  on  Harris's  Collection,  1702,  '05,  8vo.  The  Present 
State  of  Europe,  1750,  8vo ;  many  edits.  Highlands  of 
Scotland,  1751,  8vo.  New  Sugar  Islands  in  the  West  In 
dies,  8vo.  Trade  of  Great  Britain  to  America,  1772,  4to. 
A  Political  Survey  of  Great  Britain,  Lon.,1774, 2  vols.  r.4to. 

"A  most  judicious  and  most  useful  work."— Eibliotheca  Parria.no.. 

"  This  is  a  work  of  inestimable  value  to  those  who  wish  to  un 
derstand  the  best  means  of  promoting  the  prosperity  of  their  native 
country." — Keifs  Introduc.  to  Useful  Books. 

"  It  disappointed  the  public,  nor  can  it  be  considered  as  a  safe 
guide  in  affording  that  knowledge  its  title  would  assume." 

"This  is  a  work  of  great  labour  and  research;  but  it  is  ill  ar 
ranged,  overlaid  with  details,  tedious,  and  of  little  practical  value." 
—McCullocKs  Lit.  of  Polit.  Economy. 

Dr.  C.  was  a  large  and  valuable  contributor  to  the  An 
cient  Universal  History.  See  Boswell's  Life  of  Johnson, 
The  Modern  Universal  History,  and  the  Biographia  Bri- 
tannica. 

"  I  think  highly  of  Campbell.  In  the  first  place,  he  has  very 
good  parts.  In  the  second  place,  he  has  very  extensive  reading; 
not,  perhaps,  what  is  properly  called  learning,  but  history,  politics, 
and,  in  short,  that  popular  knowledge  which  makes  a  man  very 
useful." — DR.  JOHNSON. 

Campbell,  John.  History  of  the  Old  Testament, 
1731,  2  vols.  fol. 

"  I  have  applied  myself  so  closely  to  this  history  of  the  Penta 
teuch,  as,  in  sixteen  months,  not  to  have  stirred  more  than  a  hun 
dred  yards  from  home,  above  ten  times  at  most." — Preface. 

Campbell,  Rev.  John,  1766-1840,  b.  in  Edinburgh. 
He  was  the  founder  and  for  eighteen  years  the  editor 
of  The  Youth's  Magazine.  In  1823  he  established  the 
Teacher's  Offering,  which  is  still  pub.  by  the  London  Tract 
Society.  Travels  in  South  Africa,  undertaken  at  the  re 
quest  of  the  Missionary  Society,  1815,  8vo.  Second  Jour 
ney,  1822,  2  vols.  8vo. 

"  Mr.  Campbell,  by  his  Travels,  has  considerably  enlarged  the 
sphere  of  our  knowledge  of  Southern  Africa." — Lon.  Quar.  Rev. 

"  Campbell  penetrated  further  than  La  Trobe  or  Lichtenstein,  and 
discovered  some  populous  tribes  and  large  towns.  La  Trobe' s  is 
the  most  interesting  narrative." — STEVENSON. 

Campbell  was  the  first  to  penetrate  beyond  Lattakoo, 
the  capital  of  the  Boshuana  tribe  of  the  Matchapins.  He 
pub.  some  other  works.  Life,  Times,  and  Miss.  Enter 
prises  of  Rev.  John  Campbell,  by  Robert  Philip,  Lon., 
1841,  8vo. 

Campbell,  John.  Worlds  Displayed;  for  Young 
People. 

"Twenty  years  ago  I  had  met  with  eight  ministers,  and  more 
ministers'  wives,  who  had  been  converted  by  reading  that  book." 
— Author's  MS. 

Campbell,  John,  D.D.  Jethro ;  Essay  on  Lay  Agency, 
p.  8vo.  The  Martyr  of  Erromanga ;  or  the  Philosophy  of 
Missions ;  illustrated  from  the  Labours,  Death,  and  Cha 
racter  of  the  late  Rev.  John  Williams,  2d  edit.,  Lon.,  1842, 
12mo;  3d  ed.,  1843,  8vo. 

"  Never  before  has  Missionary  enterprise  been  placed  in  such  a 
variety  of  commanding  and  all-absorbing  aspects."— ion.  Evangel. 
Mag. 

Memoirs  of  Daniel  Nasmith. 

"  We  wish  the  book  a  place  in  every  library,  in  every  family,  in 
every  heart." — Glasgow  Examiner. 

Campbell,  John,  of  Carbrook.  Letter  to  Sir  Henry 
Parnel,  on  the  Corn  Laws,  1814.  Con.  to  Ann.  Philos.,  on 
the  Tide;  Vegetables;  Vision,  1814,  '16, '17.  Observa 
tions  on  Modern  Education,  Edin.,  1823,  12mo. 

Campbell,  John.  The  Stafford  Peerage,Lon.,1818,4to. 

Campbell,  John  P.,  d.  1814,  aged  46,  a  minister  at 
Chillicothe,  Ohio.  Doctrine  of  Justification  Considered. 
Strictures  on  Stone's  Letters,  1805.  Vindex,  in  answer  to 
Stone's  Reply,  1806.  He  left  a  MS.  History  of  the  Western 
Country. 

Campbell,  John  Wilson,  b.  in  Virginia.  For  thirty 
years  a  bookseller  in  Petersburg,  Va.  History  of  Vir 
ginia,  1813. 

Campbell,  Juliet  H.  L.,  a  daughter  of  Judge  Lewis 
of  Pennsylvania,  and  a  native  of  that  State,  was  married 
in  1843  to  Mr.  James  H.  Campbell.  She  resides  in  Potts- 
ville,  Pennsylvania.  She  gave  early  indications  of  poetical 
talent,  and  has  contributed  many  pieces  both  in  prose  and 
verse  to  periodicals.  The  stanzas  entitled  A  Story  of  Sun 
rise  possess  considerable  merit. 

Campbell,  Lawrence  Dundas.  India  Observer, 
Ac.  See  BOYD,  HUGH.  Reply  to  the  Strictures  of  the 
Edin.  Review  relative  to  Marquis  Wellesley's  administra 
tion,  Ac.,  Lon.,  1807.  Asiatic  Annual  Register,  1809, 8  vols. 

Campbell,  Peter.  Forms  of  Procedure  in  a  Process 
of  Cessio  Bonorum,  2d  edit.,  Edin.,  1837,  12mo. 

"  Particularly  valuable  for  the  decisions  under  the  Insolvent 
Debtor's  Act." 

'•  No  practitioner  ought  to  be  without  this  little  Manual,  and  to 
the  trading  community  at  large  it  will  be  found  of  great  advan- 
tege."— Perth  Advertiser. 


CAM 

Campbell,  R.     London  Tradesman,  Lon.,  1747,  8vo. 

Campbell,  Robert.  Life  of  the  Duke  of  Argyle, 
Lon.,  1745. 

Campbell,  Robert.  Con.  to  Phil.  Trans.,  account  of 
a  man  who  lived  18  years  on  water,  1742. 

Campbell,  Thomas,  LL.D.  Survey  of  the  South 
of  Ireland,  1777,  8vo.  Sermon,  1780,  4to.  Strictures  on 
the  Ecclesiastical  and  Literary  History  of  Ireland,  Dubl., 
1789,  8vo. 

"  A  well  written  and  ingenious  work." 

Campbell,  Thomas,  1777-1844,  a  native  of  Glasgow, 
was  educated  at  the  University  of  that  city,  where  he  was 
distinguished  for  his  proficiency  in  classical  studies.  In 
1799  he  pub.  The  Pleasures  of  Hope,  Edin.,  12mo,  dedi 
cated  to  Dr.  Anderson.  Four  editions  were  called  for 
within  a  year.  He  had  sold  the  copyright  to  Mr.  Mundell 
for  £21,  but  the  generous  bookseller  gave  the  author  £50 
for  each  succeeding  edition.  Campbell  now  visited  the 
Continent,  and  from  the  monastery  of  St.  Jacob  witnessed 
the  battle  of  Hohenlinden,  Dec.  3,  1800.  He  has  com 
memorated  the  dreadful  spectacle  in  lines  which  will  never 
be  forgotten.  At  Hamburg,  in  1801,  he  composed  The 
Exile  of  Erin,  and  Ye  Mariners  of  England.  Returning 
home,  he  resided  for  upwards  of  a  year  in  Edinburgh, 
where  he  wrote  Lochiel's  Warning,  which  Sir  Walter  Scott 
heard  read,  read  it  himself,  and  then  repeated  the  whole 
from  memory.  In  1803  he  pub.  in  London  an  edition  of 
his  poems  in  4to.  In  this  year  he  was  married  to  Miss 
Martha  Sinclair,  of  Edinburgh,  and  settled  at  Sydenham, 
in  Kent.  In  1806  he  pub.  Annals  of  Great  Britain  from 
the  Accession  of  George  III.  to  the  Peace  of  Amiens.  In 
1805  his  means  had  been  increased  by  a  pension  of  £200 
per  annum.  In  1809  appeared  Gertrude  of  Wyoming,  a 
Pennsylvanian  Tale,  (and  other  Poems,)  which  confirmed 
his  poetical  reputation.  In  1818  he  again  visited  Germany. 
In  1819  he  pub.  his  Specimens  of  the  British  Poets,  with 
biographical  and  critical  notices,  and  an  Essay  on  English 
Poetry,  7  vols.  8vo ;  1841,  '45,  '48. 

"  In  the  Biographies,  the  Editor  has  exerted  the  main  part  of 
his  strength  on  the  Merits  and  Writings  of  each  Poei&s&n  Author, 
with  an  intention  to  form  A  COMPLETE  BOOT  OF  ENGLISH  POETICAL 
CRITICISM." 

"  Rich  in  exquisite  examples  of  English  Poetry,  and  suggestions 
of  delightful  thoughts  beyond  any  volume  in  the  language."— 
Lon.  Atlas. 

'•  We  are  very  glad  to  see  Mr.  Campbell  in  any  way,  and  we 
think  the  work  which  he  has  now  given  us  very  excellent  and  de 
lightful." — Edin.  Review. 

The  Selections  however  are  not  the  beat  "Specimens"  of 
the  authors.  From  1810-20  he  edited  The  New  Monthly 
Magazine,  to  which  he  contributed  many  beautiful  poems : 
of  these,  perhaps,  The  Last  Man  has  been  most  admired. 
In  1820  he  delivered  a  course  of  Lectures  on  Poetry  at 
the  Surrey  Institution.  In  1824  appeared  Theodoric  and 
other  Poems.  In  1827  he  was  elected  Lord  Rector  of  the 
University  of  Glasgow.  The  dignified  Lord  Rector  com 
menced  his  duties  as  follows : 

"  It  was  deep  snow  when  he  reached  the  College-green,  the  stu 
dents  were  drawn  up  in  parties,  pelting  one  another :  the  poet  ran 
into  the  ranks,  threw  several  snow-balls  with  unerring  aim,  then 
summoning  the  scholars  around  him  in  the  hall,  delivered  a  speech 
replete  with  philosophy  and  eloquence.  It  is  needless  to  say  how 
it  was  received." — ALLAN  CUNNINGHAM. 

In  1830  he  started  the  Metropolitan  Magazine,  to 
which  Thomas  Moore  occasionally  contributed.  It  subse 
quently  fell  into  the  hands  of  Captain  Marryat.  In  1834 
he  pub.  the  Life  of  Mrs.  Siddons,  2  vols.  8vo. 

In  his  letters  from  the  South,  1837,  2  vols.  8vo,  or  A 
Poet's  Residence  in  Algiers,  1845,  2  vols.  8vo,  originally 
pub.  in  The  New  Monthly  Magazine,  we  have  an  enter 
taining  picture  of  scenes  which  produced  a  deep  impression 
on  the  writer. 

"  These  admirable  letters  furnish  us  with  by  far  the  most  inte 
resting  and  picturesque  sketches  of  Algiers  and  the  adjacent  dis 
tricts  that  we  have  yet  met  with." — Lon.  Sun. 

"  A  most  remarkable  and  interesting  book." — John  Bull. 

The  Life  and  Times  of  Petrarch,  2  vols.  Svo,  1841. 

"  The  standard  life  of  Petrarch.  The  fortunes  and  career  of  the 
poet  are  traced  with  admirable  distinctness ;  his  devoted  passion 
for  Laura  is  finely  developed  and  characterized ;  and  his  poetical 
character  is  analyzed  and  estimated  with  all  the  power  of  a  kindred 
genius.  This'  work  must  take  its  place  in  our  libraries  as  one  of 
the  most  interesting  and  important  historical  works  of  our  time." 
— Lon.  Athenceum. 

"The  standard  work  of  reference,  to  which  after  ages  will  appeal." 
— Court  Journal. 

Frederick  the  Great,  his  Court  and  Times,  4  vols.  Svo, 
1843 ;  new  edition,  2  vols.  8vo,  1844.  Ed.  by  T.  C. 

"This  work,  which  has  the  honour  of  being  introduced  to  the 
world  by  the  author  of  Hohenlinden,  is  not  unworthy  of  so  dis 
tinguished  a  chaperon.  It  is  an  exceedingly  amusing  compilation." 
— T.  B.  MACACLAY. 

"  These  Memoirs  are  of  peculiar  value  in  the  light  they  throw 


CAM 


CAN 


on  the  condition  and  fortunes  of  the  masses  over  whom  Frederick 
ruled." — Lon.  Alhenceum. 

"  This  '  Life  of  Frederick  the  Great'  will  become  a  standard  work 
in  the  libraries  of  England." — Scotsman. 

The  Pilgrim  of  Glencoe,  and  other  poems,  1842.  A 
Life  of  Shakspeare.  In  1843  Mr.  Campbell  visited  Bou 
logne,  accompanied  by  his  niece,  for  the  benefit  of  his 
health,  and  resided  there  until  his  death,  June  15th,  1844. 
He  lies  in  Westminster  Abbey.  His  friend  Dr.  William 
Beattie  was  with  him  in  the  "inevitable  hour,"  and  has  fa 
voured  the  world  with  his  life  and  letters,  3  vols.  p.  8vo,1848. 
"  The  Pleasures  of  Hope,  a  poem  dear  to  every  reader/*  poetry, 
bore,  amidst  many  beauties,  the  marks  of  a  juvenile  composition, 
and  received  from  the  public  the  indulgence  due  to  a  promise  of 
future  excellence.  Some  license  was  also  allowed  for  the  didactic 
nature  of  the  subject,  which,  prescribing  no  formal  plan,  left  the 
poet  free  to  indulge  his  fancy  in  excursions  as  irregular  as  they 
are  elegant  and  animated.  It  is  a  consequence  of  both  these  cir 
cumstances  that  the  poem  presents  in  some  degree  the  appearance 
of  an  unfinished  picture.  .  .  .  The  merits  and  defects  of  Gertrude 
of  Wyoming  have  this  marked  singularity,  that  the  latter  intrude 
•upon  us  at  the  very  first  reading,  whereas,  after  repeated  perusals, 
we  perceive  beauties  which  had  previously  escaped  our  notice." — 
Lon.  Quarterly  Review,  i.  241. 

"  We  rejoice  to  see  once  more  a  polished  and  pathetic  poem  in 
the  old  style  of  English  pathos  and  poetry.  This  [Gertrude  of 
Wyoming]  is  of  the  pitch  of  the  Castle  of  Indolence,  and  the  finer 
parts  of  Spenser ;  with  more  feeling,  in  many  places,  than  the  first, 
and  more  condensation  and  diligent  finishing  than  the  latter.  If 
the  true  tone  of  nature  be  not  everywhere  maintained,  it  gives 
place,  at  least,  to  art  only,  and  not  to  affectation— and,  least  of  all, 
to  affectation  of  singularity  or  rudeness.  .  .  .  There  are  but  two 
noble  sorts  of  poetry — the  pathetic,  and  the  sublime ;  and  we  think 
he  has  given  us  very  extraordinary  proofs  of  his  talents  for  both." 
— LORD  JEFFREY  :  Edin.  Review,  xiv.  1. 

"  I  do  not  think  I  overrate  the  merits  of  the  '  Pleasures  of  Hope,' 
whether  taking  it  in  its  parts,  or  as  a  whole,  in  preferring  it  to  any 
didactic  poem  of  equal  length  in  the  English  language.  No  poet, 
at  such  an  age,  ever  produced  such  an  exquisite  specimen  of  poeti 
cal  mastery — that  is,  of  fine  conception  and  of  high  art  combined. 
Sentiments  tender,  energetic,  impassioned,  eloquent  and  majestic, 
are  conveyed  to  the  reader  in  the  tones  of  a  music  forever  varied — 
sinking  or  swelling  like  the  harmonies  of  an  .ZEolian  lyre — yet  ever 
delightful;  and  these  are  illustrated  by  pictures  from  romance, 
history,  or  domestic  life,  replete  with  power  and  beauty.  It  is  a 
long  fit  of  inspiration — a  checkered  melody  of  transcendent  excel 
lence  ;  passage  after  passage  presenting  only  an  ever-varying  and 
varied  tissue  of  whatever  is  beautiful  and  sublime  in  the  soul  of 
men  and  the  aspects  of  nature.  .  .  .  The  greatest  effort  of  Camp 
bell's  genius,  however,  was  his  '  Gertrude  of  Wyoming,'  nor  is  it 
ever  likely  to  be  excelled  in  its  own  peculiar  style  of  excellence. 
It  is  superior  to  '  The  Pleasures  of  Hope'  in  the  only  one  thing  in 
which  that  poem  could  be  surpassed — purity  of  diction ;  while  in 
pathos,  and  in  imaginative  power,  it  is  no  whit  inferior." — Moir's 
Poet.  Lit.  of  Past  Half-Century. 

"  The  Pleasures  of  Hope  is  one  of  the  most  beautiful  didactic 
poems  in  our  language."— LORD  BYRON. 

Much  disappointment  was  felt  that  Campbell  did  not 
give  more  to  the  world  than  the  few  compositions  which 
evinced  the  possession  of  such  exalted  poetical  genius. 

"  What  a  pity  it  is,"  said  Sir  Walter  Scott  to  Washington  Irving, 
"that  Campbell  does  not  write  oftener,  and  give  full  sweep  to  his 
genius !  He  has  wings  that  would  bear  him  to  the  skies,  and  he 
does,  now  and  then,  spread  them  grandly,  but  folds  them  up  again 
and  resumes  his  perch,  as  if  he  was  afraid  to  launch  them.  The 
fact  is,  Campbell  is,  in  a  manner,  a  bugbear  to  himself;  the  bright 
ness  of  his  early  success  is  a  detriment  to  all  his  after  efforts.  He 
is  afraid  of  the  shadow  that  his  own  fame  cast  before  him." 

Campbell,  William,  D.D.  Serm.,  Belfast,  1774, 
8vo.  Vindication  of  the  Presbyterians  in  Ireland,  3d  edit., 
Lon.,  1786,  8vo.  Exam,  of  the  Bp.  of  Cloyne's  Defence  of 
his  Principles,  1788,  8vo. 

Campbell,  William.    Value  of  Annuities,  1810, 8vo. 
Campbell,  William,  12  years  resident  in  India  as 
a  missionary.     British  India,  in  its  Relation  to  the  De 
cline   of  Hindooism,  and  the  Progress   of  Christianity, 
Lon.,  8vo,  1839. 

"  The  Bangalore  missionary  has  produced  a  volume  of  extraor 
dinary  interest."— ion.  Patriot. 

"A  volume  of  great  interest  and  worth." — Watchman. 
Campbell,  William  W.,  b.  1806,  Cherry  Valley, 
Otsego  county,  New  York.  His  ancestors  settled  there  in 
1740,  and  some  of  them  took  an  active  part  in  the  Old 
French  and  Revolutionary  Wars.  Judge  C.  grad.  at  Union 
College,  1827.  1.  Border  Wars  of  New  York;  or,  Annals  of 
Tryon  County,  N.Y.,  1831,  8vo;  new  ed.,  revised,  entitled 
Border  Warfare,  N.Y.,  1849,  12mo.  2.  Life  and  Writings 
of  De  Witt  Clinton,  1849,  8vo.  3.  Sketches  of  Robin 
Hood  and  Captain  Kidd,  1853,  12mo.  4.  Life  of  Mrs. 
Grant,  Missionary  to  Persia,  1840,  12mo. 

Campion,  Abraham,  entered  of  Trinity  College 
Oxford,  about  1656.  Sermons,  1694,  1700. 

Campion,  or  Campian,  Edmond,  1540-1581,  a 
zealous  champion  of  the  Roman  Catholic  religion,  was 
hanged  and  quartered  with  other  Romish  priests  for  high 
treason.  Nine  Articles  directed  to  the  Lords  of  the  Privy 
Council,  1581.  The  History  of  Ireland ;  pub.  by  Sir  James 
Ware,  Dubl.,  1633,  fol.  See  Bp.  Nicolson's  Irish  Hist.  Lib 
334 


Chronologia  Universalis.  Conferences  in  the  Tower, 
1583,  4to.  Rationes  decem,  &c.  1581.  See  Campbell's 
Ten  Reasons  for  embracing  the  Catholic  Faith,  by  the  Rev. 
Dr.  Fletcher,  8vo.  Imitatione  Rhetorica,  1631.  Other 
works.  See  Lowndes's  Bib.  Manual. 

His  life  was  written  by  Paul  Bombino,  a  Jesuit :  best 
edit.,  Mantua,  1620,  8vo. 

"  He  was  a  rare  dark,  upright  in  conscience,  deep  in  judgment, 
and  ripe  in  eloquence." — R.  STAINHURST. 

"  All  writers,  whether  Protestant  or  Popish,  say  that  he  was  a 
man  of  most  admirable  parts,  an  elegant  orator,  a  subtle  phi 
losopher  and  disputant,  and  an  exact  preacher,  whether  in  Eng 
lish  or  Latin  tongue,  of  a  sweet  disposition,  and  a  well-polished 
man." — Athen.  Oxon. 

"  He  was  detected  in  treasonable  practices ;  and,  being  put  to 
the  rack,  and  confessing  his  guilt,  he  was  publicly  executed.  His 
execution  was  ordered  at  the  very  time  when  the  Duke  of  Anjou 
was  in  England,  and  prosecuted  with  the  greatest  appearance  of 
success,  his  marriage  with  the  queen ;  and  this  Severity  was  pro 
bably  intended  to  appease  her  Protestant  subjects,  and  to  satisfy 
them  that,  whatever  measures  she  might  pursue,  she  never  would 
depart  from  the  principles  of  the  Reformation."— HUME. 

Campion,  Thomas,  styled  by  his  contemporaries, 
for  his  musical  and  poetical  talents,  "  Sweet  Maister  Cam 
pion,"  appears  to  have  been  admitted  a  member  of  Gray's 
Inn  in  1586.  We  have  no  particulars  of  his  life  or  family. 
Observations  on  the  Art  of  English  Poesie.  This  gave 
rise  to  Daniel's  Defence  of  Rhyme.  Relation  of  the  Enter 
tainment  made  for  Queen  Anne,  Lon.,  1613,  4to.  Masque, 
Lon.,  1614,  4lo.  Other  pieces. 

Camplin,  John.     Sermons,  1766,  '77,  4to. 

Canaries,  James,  of  Selkirk.    Discourses,  1684,  '88. 

Canceller,  James.     Theolog.  treatises,  1576,  <fec. 

Candidius,  George.  Account  of  the  Island  of  For 
mosa  :  See  Churchill's  Voyages,  i.  503,  1704. 

Candidus.     See  WHITE,  THOMAS. 

Candish,  Thomas.  Itinerarium  Indicam,  Francf., 
1599,  fol.  Diaphonta,  or  Three  Attendants  on  Fiat  Lux, 
1665,  8vo.  Account  of  Dr.  Stillingfleet's  late  Book  against 
-the  Church  of  Rome,  1672,  Svo. 

Candlish,  Robert  S.,  a  popular  Scotch  preacher, 
and  one  of  the  leaders  of  the  "  Non-intrusion"  party  at 
the  time  of  the  division  of  the  Scottish  Church,  has  pub.  a 
Summary  of  the  Question  respecting  the  Church  of  Scot 
land,  Ac.,  Edin.,  1841,  Svo,  pp.  32.  Narrative,  <fcc.,  8vo, 
pp.  40.  Exposition  of  the  Book  of  Genesis,  Edin.,  1852, 
2  vols.  12mo.  The  Cross  of  Christ.  Scripture  Characters, 
<fec.  4  Letters  to  Rev.  E.  B.  Elliot.  John  Knox,  his  Times 
and  his  Works;  a  Discourse,  1846. 

"  We  can  very  cordially  commend  this  discourse  as  one  of  inte 
rest  and  excellence." — Universe. 

Cane,  Henry.     Hort.  Con.  to  Phil.  Trans.,  1720. 

Cane,  John  Vincent,  d.  1672,  a  Friar  of  the  order 
of  St.  Francis,  lived  principally  in  London.  Fiat  Lux, 
1661,  Svo;  2d  edit,  enlarged,  1662,  Svo. 

"  The  inference  to  be  drawn  from  its  miscellaneous  discussions 
is,  that  the  only  remedy  for  all  existing  evils  and  differences  is 
returning  to  the  bosom  of  an  infallible  church.  Kome  alone  is 
terra  firma,  and  all  is  sea  beside." — Orme's  Life  of  Oiven. 

Answered  by  Dr.  John  Owen,  Lon.,  1662,  and  by  Dr. 
Whitby,  Oxon.,  1666.  The  Diaphonta  of  Thomas  Cand 
ish,  noticed  above,  was  elicited  by  Fiat  Lux. 

Caner,  Henry,  1700-1792,  a  minister  at  King's  Cha 
pel,  Boston,  graduated  at  Yale  College,  1724;  he  pub. 
several  sermons,  1751,  '58,  '61,  '63,  '64,  '65. 

Canfield,  Francesca  Anna,  1803-1S23,  a  native 
of  Philadelphia,  was  a  daughter  of  Dr.  Felix  Pascalis,  an 
Italian  physician.  She  was  distinguished  for  her  know 
ledge  of  languages,  and  the  excellence  of  her  poetical 
pieces,  many  of  which  were  pub.  in  the  periodicals.  See 
Griswold's  Female  Poets  of  America. 

Canfield,  Henry  Judson,  b.  1789  in  Conn.  Trea 
tise  on  Sheep.  Contrib.  to  Ohio  Cultivator,  Amer.  Agri 
culturist,  <fec. 

Canham,  P.     Serm.,  1711,  4to. 

Caiine,  John,  a  leader  of  the  English  Brownists  at 
Amsterdam.  Necessity  of  Separation  from  the  Church 
of  England,  Lon.,  1634,  fol.  He  pub.  other  works,  but  is 
best  known  by  his  edition  of  the  Bible  with  marginal 
notes,  showing  Scripture  to  be  the  best  Interpreter  of 
Scripture,  Amst.,  1664,  Svo;  very  rare;  often  reprinted. 
The  Edin.  edit,  1727,  Svo,  is  preferred  by  some. 

"  The  marginal  references  of  Canne  are  generally  very  judicious. 
They  still  retain  a  considerable  reputation,  though  most  of  the 
latter  editions  which  pass  under  the  name  of  Canne's  Bible  are 
full  of  errors,  and  crowded  with  references  which  do  not  belong  to 
the  original  author.  Canne  wrote  a  number  of  controversial 
pieces,  some  of  which  are  very  curious,  and  all  of  them  exceed 
ingly  scarce." — ORME. 

Canne,  John.  Evangelical  Hist,  of  the  Bible,  Lon., 
1766. 

Cannell,  Joseph.     Serm.,  1708,  4to. 


CAN 


CAP 


Canning,  George,  of  the  Middle  Temple,  d.  1771, 
father  of  the  Rt.  Hon.  George  Canning.  A  Trans,  of  Anti- 
Lucretius,  Lon.,  1766,  4to.  Poems,  1767,  4to. 

"\Ve  form  no  very  favourable  opinion  of  this  translation; — we 
find  a  want  of  precision; — we  observe  a  diffusiveness  in  the  ex 
pression,  which  rather  enfeebles  than  illustrates  the  author,  and 
gives  him  a  redundancy  of  sentiment  with  which  he  is  not  charge 
able.  .  .  .  The  introductory  address  in  the  volume  of  Poems  has. 
in  our  opinion,  much  poetical  merit." — Lon.  Monthly  Review,  1767. 

Appeal  to  the  Public  from  the  Critical  Review,  1767, 
8vo.  Offering  to  a  Young  Lady  from  her  Lover,  1770,  4to. 

Canning,  George,  1770-1827,  the  son  of  the  pre 
ceding,  was  only  one  year  old  when  his  father  died  of  a 
broken  heart,  after  unavailing  efforts  to  procure  a  comfort 
able  livelihood.  Mrs.  Canning  established  a  small  school, 
and  subsequently  tried  her  fortune  on  the  stage,  where  she 
was  not  successful.  George  was  educated  at  Eton,  and  at 
Christ  Church,  Oxford,  and  distinguished  himself  by  his 
application  and  uncommon  talents.  In  1793  he  entered 
Parliament,  as  member  for  Newport  in  the  Isle  of  Wight, 
and  in  1796  was  appointed  under  Secretary  of  State. 
When  the  Marquis  of  Hastings  was  recalled  from  India, 
Canning  was  appointed  Governor  General ;  but  the  death 
of  the  Marquis  of  Londonderry,  August  12,  1822,  altered 
this  arrangement,  and  Mr.  Canning  was  appointed  Secre 
tary  for  Foreign  Affairs.  He  was  actively  engaged  in  pub 
lic  life  for  nearly  34  years,  11  of  which  were  spent  in  con 
nection  with  Mr.  Pitt.  As  an  orator  Mr.  Canning's  abilities 
were  of  the  first  order. 

"  Among  our  own  orators  Mr.  Canning  seems  to  be  the  best  mo 
del  of  the  adorned  style.  In  some  qualities  of  style  he  surpassed 
Mr.  Pitt.  His  diction  was  more  various,  sometimes  more  simple, 
more  idiomatical,  even  in  its  more  elevated  parts.  It  sparkled 
•with  imagery,  and  was  brightened  by  illustration;  in  both  of 
which  Mr.  Pitt,  for  so  great  an  orator,  was  defective." — SIR  JAMES 
MACKINTOSH. 

His  Speeches,  revised  and  corrected  by  himself,  with  a 
Memoir  of  his  Life,  by  R.  Therry,  have  been  pub.  in 
6  vols.  8vo,  Lon.,  1828. 

"  A  work  which  is  destined  to  convey  to  posterity  the  remains 
of  his  splendid  talents  as  an  orator;  to  exhibit  his  principles  as  a 
statesman ;  and  to  shew  with  what  energy  and  success  he  carried 
those  principles  into  execution  as  a  Minister  of  the  Crown." — Mr. 
Huskisson's  Letter. 

"  An  excellent  and  valuable  edition  of  Mr.  Canning's  Speeches." 
— Lon.  Times. 

"  It  is  the  noblest  literary  memorial  that  can  be  preserved  of 
him." — Lon.  Literary  Qazette. 

Messrs.  Bell,  Styles,  and  Rede  have  each  pub.  a  Life  of 
Mr.  Canning,  and  one  has  been  given  to  the  world  by  his 
private  secretary,  Mr.  Stapleton. 

"  A  book  which  ought  to  be  in  everybody's  hands  who  wishes 
to  understand  the  foreign  policy  of  this  country  from  1822  to 
1827."— Lon.  Times. 

His  famous  speech  on  the  Silk  Trade  in  1826  will  be 
found  in  a  volume  of  the  speeches  made  on  that  subject, 
pub.  Lon.,  1826,  Svo.  In  his  15th  year,  whilst  at  Eton, 
he  established  a  periodical  for  the  scholars,  entitled  The 
Microcosm,  which  he  edited,  and  to  which  he  contributed 
some  remarkable  papers  signed  B.  In  1797,  in  conjunc 
tion  with  George  Ellis,  Frere,  and  others,  he  started  The 
Anti-Jacobin,  which  was  edited  by  Gifford.  In  this  pe 
riodical  the  Whigs  were  sorely  berated  by  the  choicest  en 
gines  of  raillery  and.satire.  Canning's  parodies  on  Southey 
and  Darwin,  the  Knife  Grinder,  and  the  Song  of  Rogero, 
are  examples  of  his  rare  powers  of  style  and  humour. 
His  Lines  on  the  Death  of  his  eldest  Son  present  a  touch 
ing  picture  of  a  father's  grief.  The  Poetry  of  the  Anti- 
Jacobin  has  been  collected  into  one  volume.  A  second 
enlarged  edition  was  pub.  in  1854,  with  Explanatory  Notes 
by  C.  Edmonds.  Again,  1858:  see  Lon.  Quar  Rev  • 
Edin.  Rev.,  July,  1858. 

Lord  Byron,  Lord  Jeffrey,  Sir  James  Mackintosh,  Thomas 
Moore,  and  many  others  praised  this  collection  as  "  one 
of  the  wittiest  books  in  the  language." 

"  These  sparkling  gems  of  wit  have  stood  the  test  of  more  than 
half  a  century,  and  still  their  brilliancy  is  undimmed;  nor,  in 
deed,  is  their  lustre  likely  to  be  tarnished  by  age.  Mr.  Edmonds, 
the  editor,  has  acquitted  himself  ably  of  his  task." — Lon.  New 
Quart.  Review. 

"  A  model  of  political  satire.  The  Needy  Knife  Grinder  was  a 
joint  production  of  Messrs.  Frere  and  Canning,  as  was  also  the 
masterly  poem  of  New  Morality,  alluded  to  in  Byron's  English 
Bards  and  Scotch  Reviewers."  — THOMAS  MOORE. 

"The  great  literary  reputation  of  the  Anti-Jacobin, — the  inte 
rest  attaching  to  such  well-known  names  as  those  of  Canning, 
Frere,  Gifford,  Wellesley,  will  induce  the  reader  to  glance  with  us 
at  their  revived  productions.  We  rather  wonder  that  this  book 
waited  so  long  for  an  intelligent  and  admiring  editor.  Mr.  Charles 
Edmonds  comes  forward  at  last,  and  is,  indeed,  the  '  Old  Mortality' 
of  Tory  libellers."—  Westminster  Review. 

For  interesting  notices  of  Canning,  in  addition  to  the 
works  referred  to  above,  see  Lockh  art's  Life  of  Scott, 
Goodrich's  British  Eloquence,  and  De  Vere,  or  the  Man 


of  Independence,  where  Canning  is  represented  by  "Went- 
worth." 

Canning,  Richard.     Serms.,  1746,  '47. 

Canning,  T.  John  Bull  and  his  Bride,  «fcc.;  a  Poem, 
1801,  Svo. 

Cannon,  James  Spencer,  D.D.,  1776-1852,  from 
1826-52  Prof,  of  Pastoral  Theology,  &c.  in  the  Theol.  Sem., 
New  Brunswick,  and  Prof.  Metaphysics,  <fcc.  Rutgers  Coll. 
Lectures  on  Chronology,  Svo.  Lectures  on  Pastoral  Theo 
logy,  N.Y.,  Svo :  pub.  after  his  decease. 

Cannon,  Nathaniel.    Serms.,  1613,  '16. 

Cannon,  Robert,  D.D.  Serm.,  1707.  Publications 
relative  to  the  lower  House  of  Convocation,  1712,  '17,  8vo. 

Cannon,  T.  Family  Library;  a  Funeral  Sermon, 
Lon.,  Svo. 

Canon,  or  Canonicus,  John,  by  some  called  Mar- 
fores,  d.  about  1340,  an  English  Franciscan  monk,  studied 
at  Oxford  and  Paris.  He  was  a  pupil  and  imitator  of 
Duns  Scotus.  He  returned  to  Oxford,  and  there  taught 
theology  until  his  death.  He  was  an  able  commentator 
upon  Aristotle,  in  Aristotelis  Physica,  lib.  viii. ;  printed 
at  St.  Alban's,  1481,  Svo;  reprinted  at  Venice,  1481/87, 
'92,  and  1505,  4to ;  to  the  edit,  of  1492  some  other  trea 
tises  were  added. 

Cant.     History  of  Perth,  Perth,  1774,  2  vols.  Svo. 

Cant,  Andrew,  Bishop  of  Glasgow,  d.  1728,  was  the 
son  of  Andrew  Cant,  an  Episcopal  minister  of  Pitsligo, 
from  whose  whining  tone  in  the  pulpit  the  term  "cant"  is 
supposed  to  be  derived.  See  The  Spectator,  No.  147 ;  but 
canto  perhaps  has  better  claim  to  the  paternity.  A  Serm. 
preached  on  the  30th  of  January,  1703,  Edin.,  1703,  4to. 

Cantaeus,  Andreas.  Theses  Philosophicse  quas  Ma- 
reschallami  Alumni,  &c.,  publice  propugnabunt,&c.,  Abred., 
1658,  4to. 

Cantillon,  Philip,  Merchant,  of  London.  Analy 
sis  of  Trade,  Commerce,  Coin,  Bullion,  <fcc.,  Lon.,  1759,  Svo. 

"The  author  adopts  several  of  the  views  of  Hume,  whose  Poli 
tical  Essays  were  published  in  1752.  His  principles  are,  for  the 
most  part,  liberal,  and  some  of  his  speculations  display  consider 
able  ingenuity.  He  is  one  of  the  few  writers  to  whom  Smith  has 
referred." — McOulloch's  Lit.  of  Polit.  Economy. 

Canton,  J.  Alvar  and  Seraphina;  a  Novel,  Lon., 
1803,  2  vols.  12mo. 

Canton,  John,  1718-1772,  a  physician,  astronomer, 
and  natural  philosopher,  was  a  native  of  Stroud,  Glouces 
tershire.  He  was  the  first  person  in  England,  who,  by 
attracting  the  electric  fire  from  the  clouds  during  a  thun 
der  storm,  verified  Dr.  Franklin's  hypothesis  of  the  simi 
larity  of  lightning  and  electricity.  He  was  one  of  the 
committee — the  others  were  Dr.  Franklin,  Mr.  Delaval, 
and  Mr.  Wilson — appointed  by  the  Royal  Society  in  1769, 
to  suggest  a  plan  to  the  Dean  and  Chapter  of  St.  Paul's, 
for  the  proper  arrangement  of  electrical  conductors  to  pre 
serve  that  cathedral  from  damage  by  lightning.  A  num 
ber  of  Mr.  Canton's  papers  will  be  found  in  Phil.  Trans., 
1751,  '59,  and  '62. 

Canton,  John.   Telemachus  in  Blank  Verse,  1778, 4to. 

Cantova,  Anthony.  Voyage  to  Caroline  Islands  in 
1696.  See  Callander's  Voyages,  iii.  23. 

Cantrell,  Henry.  The  Royal  Martyr  a  true  Chris 
tian,  Lou.,  1716,  Svo;  relates  to  Charles  I. 

Cantwell,  Andrew,  M.D.,  d.  1761,  trans,  into  French 
Mrs.  Stephens's  Medicine,  1742;  Sir  Hans  Sloane's  Medi 
cines  for  the  Eyes,  1746.  Con.  to  Phil.  Trans.,  1737. 

Canvane,  Peter,  M.D.  Oleum  Palmse  Christi,  Lon., 
1746,  Svo. 

Capadose,  lit.  Col.  Sixteen  Years  in  the  West  In 
dies,  Lon.,  1845,  2  vols.  p.  Svo. 

"  These  volumes  form  an  agreeable  pendant  to  Coleridge's  de 
lightful  volume,  [Six  Months  in  the  West  Indies  in  1825.]  Cole 
ridge  presents  us  with  a  view  of  the  past,  Colonel  Capadose  of  the 
present." — Lon.  Naval  and  Military  Gazette. 

See  also  the  Lon.  Critic,  the  Spectator,  and  the  Barba- 
does  Globe. 

Capel,  Arthur,  Lord,  a  noble  champion  of  Charles 
I.,  beheaded  in  1649.  After  his  death  was  pub.  his  Daily 
Observations  or  Meditations,  1654,  4to;  afterwards  pub. 
under  the  title  of  Excellent  Contemplations,  <fec.,  1683. 
See  Gent.  Mag.,  1757,  for  some  of  his  stanzas  written 
when  in  the  Tower. 

"  He  trod  the  fatal  stage  with  all  the  dignity  ot  valour  and  con 
scious  integrity." — HORACE  WALPOLE. 

"  He  was  a  man  that  whoever  shall,  after  him,  deserve  best  of 
the  English  nation,  he  can  never  think  himself  undervalued 
when  he  shall  hear  that  his  courage,  virtue,  and  fidelity,  are  laid 
in  the  balance  with,  and  compared  to,  that  of  the  Lord  Capel."— 
EARL  OF  CLARENDON. 

Capel,  Arthur,  Earl  of  Essex,  eldest  son  of  the  pre 
ceding,  d.  1638.  Speech,  1680,  fol.  Letters  and  Histori 
cal  Account  of  his  Life,  1770,  4to. 


CAP 


CAR 


Capel,  Daniel,  d.  1679.  Tentamen  Medicum  de 
Variolis,  and  some  other  tracts. 

Capel,  Richard,  1586-1656,  father  of  the  above,  be 
came  a  commoner  of  Alban  Hall,  Oxford,  1601,  resigned 
his    rectory  (refusing  to  publish  the  Book  of  Sports  in 
1633)  and  practised  physic.     Temptations,  Lon.,  1650, 8vo. 
"  A  valuable  experimental  work."— BICKERSTETH. 
Apology  against  some  Exceptions,  1659,  8vo.     Remains, 
1658,  8vo. 

Capelin,  Geo.     The  Christian's  Combat,  1591,  8vo. 
Capell,  Brooke  A.  de.     Travels  through  Sweden, 
Norway,  and  Finmark  to  the  North  Cape,  in  1820,  Lon., 
1823. 

"  A  volume  by  no  means  destitute  of  interest  or  amusement, 
written  with  the  feelings  and  in  the  style  of  a  gentleman."— Lon. 
Quarterly  Review. 

A  Winter's  Journey  through  Lapland  and  Sweden,  Lon., 
1826,  4to. 

Capell,  Edward,  1713-1781,  a  native  of  Suffolk, 
distinguished  himself  by  his  critical  labours  upon  the  text 
of  Shakspeare.  He  tells  us  that  as  early  as  1745  he  was 
shocked  at  the  licentiousness  (wildness)  of  Hanmer's  plan, 
and  determined  to  prepare  an  edition  "  ex  fide  codicum." 
He  pub.  in  1768,  10  vols.  8vo,  an  edition  of  his  favourite 
author,  for  which  he  received  £300  from  the  bookseller. 

"  He  appeared  almost  as  lawless  as  any  of  his  predecessors,  vin 
dicating  his  claim  to  public  notice  by  his  established  reputation, 
the  authoritative  air  of  his  notes,  and  the  shrewd  observations,  as 
well  as  majesty,  of  his  preface.  .  .  .  There  is  not  among  the  vari 
ous  publications  of  the  present  literary  acra  a  more  singular  com 
position  than  that '  Introduction.'  In  style  and  manner  it  is  more 
obsolete,  and  antique,  than  the  age  of  which  it  treats.  It  has 
since  been  added  to  the  prolegomena  of  Johnson  and  Steevens's 
edition."— Biog.  Diet.,  1798. 

Capell  announced  in  the  title-page, 

"  Whereunto  will  be  added,  in  some  other  volumes,  notes,  criti 
cal  and  explanatory,  and  a  body  of  various  readings  entire." 

To  these  was  to  be  added  another  work  disclosing  the 
sources  from  which  Shakspeare 

"  Drew  the  greater  part  of  his  knowledge  in  mythological  and 
classical  matters,  his  fable,  his  history,  and  even  the  seeming  pe 
culiarities  of  language— to  which  we  have  given  for  title,  The 
School  of  Shakspeare." 

After  the  assiduous  labour  of  forty  years,  Mr.  Capell 
died  without  seeing  his  great  work  in  print,  (a  volume  of 
Notes  and  Readings  had  appeared  in  1775,  4to;)  it  was 
pub.  by  the  care  of  Mr.  Collins  in  1783,  3  vols.  4to,  en 
titled  Notes  and  Various  Readings  to  Shakespeare.  To 
which  is  added  The  School  of  Shakespeare,  <fcc.  These 
volumes  contain  much  valuable  matter.  See  Monthly  Re 
view  and  Critical  Review. 

He  also  pub.  Prolusions,  or  Select  Pieces  of  Ancient 
Poetry,  Lon.,  1760,  8vo,  and  altered  the  Play  of  Antony 
and  Cleopatra  as  acted  at  Drury  Lane  in  1758. 

"  CapelPs  text  of  Shakspeare,  notwithstanding  all  which  has 
been  achieved  since  his  decease,  is,  perhaps,  one  of  the  purest  ex 
tant." — Drake's  Shakspeare  and  His  Times. 

"  Mr.  Capell  I  call  the  Patron  of  Shakspeare.  They  who  are  ac 
quainted  with  his  critical  writings  on  Shakspeare,  and  his  accu 
rate  researches  into  this  species  of  antiquity,  will  not  scruple  with 
me  to  pronounce  him  the  FATHER  OF  ALL  LEGITIMATE  COMMENTARY 
ON  SHAKSPEARE."— Pursuits  of  Literature. 

Capen,  Joseph,  of  Massachusetts,  d.  1725,  aged  66, 
pub.  about  1682  an  Elegy  on  John  Foster. 

Capen,  Nahum,  b.  1804  at  Canton,  Mass.  Biogra 
phy  of  Dr.  F.  J.  Gall.  Edited  his  works  translated  from 
the  French,  6  vols.  12mo.  Biography  of  Dr.  J.  G^Spurz- 
heim,  prefixed  to  his  work  on  Physiognomy,  8vo.  Prin 
cipal  editor  of  the  Annals  of  Phrenology,  2  vols.  12mo. 
Edited  the  writings  of  the  Hon.  Levi  Woodbury,  LL.D., 
Boston,  1853,  3  vols.  8vo.  Edited  the  Massachusetts  State 
Record  from  1847  to  1851,  5  vols.  He  was  among  the 
first  to  memorialize  Congress  on  the  subject  of  interna 
tional  copyright.  A  letter  of  his,  printed  by  the  U.  S. 
Senate,  led  to  the  organization  of  the  Census  Board  at 
Washington.  He  is  the  author  of  other  works  on  History, 
Political  Economy,  &c. 

Capgravius,  John,  d.  1464.  Nova  Legenda,  sive 
vitae  sanctorum  Angliae,  Lon.,  1516.  A  beautiful  speci 
men  of  de  Worde's  press.  Vita  Henrici  le  Spenser, 
Episc.  Norwicensis.  In  Whartoni  Angl.  Sacr.,  torn.  ii.  359! 
A  list  of  the  liven  in  the  Nova  Legenda  (Capgrave's 
Lives  of  the  Saints)  will  be  found  in  Catal  Lib  MRS 
Bibl.  Cotton,  p.  40,  Tib.  E.  I.,  edit.  1802 

Capp,  Mary  E.  African  Princess,  and  other  Poems 
1813,  8vo. 

Cappe,  Catherine,  widow  of  Newcome,  pub    Me 
moirs  of  her  late  husband  in  1802,  prefixed  to  his  Critical 
Remarks  on  Scripture,  and  some  works  on  Charity  Schools 
&c.,  1800,  '05,  '09,  '14.     Autobiography,  1822,  8vo. 
Cappe,  Newcome,  1732-1800,  a  Socinian  minister, 


pub.  Serms.  and  Discourses,  1784,  '95,  '96,  a  Selection  of 
Psalms,  and  a  Defence  of  Mr.  Lindsey  against  Cooper, 
and  of  Dr.  Priestley  against  the  Monthly  Reviewers. 
Some  of  his  Discourses  were  pub.  York,  1805,  8vo,  and 
1815,  8vo. 

Eminent  talents  for  pulpit  eloquence,  with  a  copious  flow  oj 
strong  and  often  beautiful  expression." — REV.  W.  WOOD. 

"  In  our  judgment  the  most  eloquent  sermon  writer  of  modern 
times." — Lon.  Monthly  Repository. 

His  Critical  Remarks  on  many  important  Passages  of 
Scripture  were  pub.  with  Memoirs  of  his  life  by  Catherine 
Cappe  in  1802,  2  vols.  8vo. 

A  great  part  of  his  Critical  Remarks  turns  upon  points  of  con 
troversy,  and  is  at  variance  with  the  sentiments  of  Christians  of 
almost  every  denomination." — DR.  MALTBY. 

"There  is  a  great  portion  of  very  perverted  ingenuity  and 
strained  criticism.  The  reader  will  easily  believe  this,  when  I 
mention  that  Mr.  Cappe' s  remarks  were  too  free  even  for  the 
Monthly  Reviewers." — ORME. 

Capper,  Benj.Pits.  Statistical  Account  of  England, 
1801,  8vo.  The  Imperial  Calendar  for  1808,  12mo. 
Topog.  Diet,  of  the  United  Kingdom,  1808,  8vo. 

Capper,  James.  Passage  to  India,  1784.  Cultiva 
tion  of  Waste  Lands,  1805.  Tracts,  1809.  Other  works. 

Capper,  Louisa.  Abridgt.  of  Locke's  Essay  on  the 
Human  Understanding,  1811,  4to. 

Capron,  Elisha  S.,  b.  1806  in  N.Y.,  Counsellor-at- 
Law.  Hist,  of  California  from  its  discovery  to  1854. 

Caradoc,  or  Caradog,  d.  about  1154,  a  native  of 
Llancarvan,  in  Wales,  is  said  by  Geoffrey  of  Monmouth 
to  have  been  engaged  in  a  History  of  the  Welsh  Princes, 
from  the  death  of  Cadwallader  to  the  middle  of  the  12th 
century. 

"  This  work,  which  there  can  be  no  doubt  was  written  in  Latin, 
appears  to  be  now  lost;  except  in  a  pretended  Welsh  version, 
which  has  again  been  translated  into  English,  and  printed  with  a 
continuation.  How  far  this  translation  is  a  faithful  representa 
tive  of  Caradoc's  history,  we  cannot  determine  without  the  origi 
nal  text.  Pits  states  that  in  his  time  there  was  a  copy  of  the  ori 
ginal  in  the  library  of  Corpus  Christi  College,  Cambridge."— Biog. 
Brit.  Lit. 

Of  translations,  we  have  Humphrey  Lloyd's,  corrected, 
&c.  out  of  Records  and  Authors,  by  Daniel  Powel,  Lon., 
1584,  4to;  augmented  and  improved  by  W.  Wynne,  Lon., 
1697,  8vo;  reprinted,  1702,  8vo;  new  edit.,  with  a  De 
scription  of  Wales,  by  Sir  John  Price,  Lon.,  1774,  8vo  j 
new  edit.,  with  Topographical  Notices,  by  Richard  Llwyd, 
Shrewsbury,  1832,  8vo.  Caradoc  also  wrote  a  short  Life 
of  Gildas,  which  is  extant.  See  articles  Gildas  and  Cara 
doc  in  Biog.  Brit.  Lit.,  and  Gildas  de  Excidio  Britanniae 
recens,  Jos.  Stevenson,  Lon.,  1838,  8vo.  Bale  also  ascribes 
to  him  Commentaries  on  Merlin,  and  a  book,  De  Situ  Orbis. 

Card,  Henry.  Historical  and  Theological  works, 
1801-14.  Beauford,  a  novel. 

Card,  Henry,  D.D.,  1779-1844.  Theological  trea 
tises,  1820,  '25. 

Card,  William.     Youths'  Infallible  Instructor,  1798. 

Cardale,  George.     Sermon,  1755,  4to. 

Cardale,  Paul.  Theolog.  treatises,  1740,  '61,  '76,  8vo. 

Cardale,  R.    The  Righteous  Man ;  2  discourses,  1761. 

Cardell,  John.     Serms.,  1647,  '49,  '50,  4to. 

Cardell,  William  S.,  d.  1828,  of  New  York,  pub.  a 
grammar  and  several  other  educational  works. 

Carden,  J.     Con.  to  Memoirs  Med.,  1805. 

Cardew,  Cornelius,  D.D.     Serms.,  1779,  '96,  '99. 

Cardonnel,  Adam  de.  Numismata  Scotiae,  Edin., 
1786,  4to.  Picturesque  Antiquities  of  Scotland,  Lon., 
1788,  8vo  and  4to.  Intended  as  a  supplement  to  Pen 
nant's  Tour  in  Scotland. 

Cardwell,  Edward,  D.D.  Documentary  Annals 
of  the  Reformed  Church  of  England,  1574-1716,  Oxf., 
1839,  2  vols.  8vo.;  new  edit.,  1844.  History  of  Confer 
ences,  [rel.  to  C.  Prayer  Book,]  1558-1690,  Oxf.,  1840, 
8vo ;  3d  edit.,  1849.  Synodalia,  Oxf.,  1842,  2  vols.  8vo. 

"  Much  curious  and  useful  information." — BICKERSTETH. 

Dr.  Cardwell  has  pub.  several  other  valuable  works, 
among  which  may  be  mentioned  Lectures  on  the  Coinage 
of  the  Greeks  and  Romans,  delivered  in  the  University  of 
Oxford,  Oxf.,  1832,  8vo. 

Care,  George.  Reply  to  "  Religion  and  Liberty  of 
C.,"  1685. 

Care,  Henry.     Polit.  and  Theolog.  works,  1673-1719. 

Carel,  John.  1.  English  Princess.  2.  Sir  Solomon, 
1667,  '71. 

Careles,  Careless,  or  Carelesse,  John.  Cer- 
teyne  Godley  and  Comfortable  Letters  [3]  of  the  constant 
Wytness  of  Christe,  John  Careless,  Lon.,  1566,  8vo;  re 
peatedly  reprinted,  and  lately  by  the  Lon.  Tract  Society : 
v.  British  Reformers,  in  vol.  ix. 


CAR 

Careless,  Franck,  t.  e.  RICHARD  HEAD,  q.  v.  The 
Floating  Island,  1673,  4to. 

Careless,  Thomas.     Serm.,  1661,  4to. 

Carew,  Abel.  Against  Rome  and  Papal  Supremacy, 
fol. 

Carew,  Sir  Alexander.  Speech  and  Confession, 
1644,  4to. 

Carew,  or  Carey,  Lady  Elizabeth.  Marian,  the 
Fair  Queen  of  Jewry ;  a  Tragedy,  Lon.,  1613,  4to.  Lang- 
baine  is  so  lost  to  gallantry  as  to  remark 

"  For  the  Play  itself,  it  is  very  well  Pen'd,  considering  those 
times  and  the  Lady's'  sex."— Account  of  the  English  Dramatick 
Poets,  1691. 

We  suspect— although  he  does  not  say  so— that  "  The 
Lady's  Sex"  was  the  female  sex.  Oldys,  in  his  MS.  com 
ments  upon  Langbaine,  supposes  "her  name  should  be 
spelt  Gary,  and  that  she  was  the  wife  of  Sir  Henry  Gary." 
The  Tragedy  is  forgotten,  but  the  Chorus  in  Act  the  4th, 
Revenge  of  Injuries,  embodies  sentiments  of  Christian 
morality  which  should  never  be  out  of  date. 

Carew,  George,  Earl  of  Totness,  and  Baron  Carew, 
of  Clopton,  President  of  Munster,  1557-1629,  subdued  a 
formidable  rebellion  in  Ireland,  defeated  the  Spaniards  on 
their  landing  at  Kinsale  in  1601,  and  obliged  them  to 
abandon  their  projects  against  Ireland.  The  following 
•work  pub.  by  his  natural  son,  Thomas  Stafford,  has  been 
ascribed  to  his  lordship :  Pacata  Hibernia ;  Ireland  ap 
peased  and  redvced,  or  an  Historic  of  the  late  Warres  of 
Ireland,  especially  within  the  Province  of  Movnster,  vnder 
the  Government  of  George  Carew,  Knight,  &c.,  (1599- 
1602,)  Lon.,  1633,  fol. 

"  If  any  one  takes  the  pains  of  looking  into  the  preface,  and 
into  p.  367,  and  other  parts  of  Pacata  Hibernia,  he  will  be  con 
vinced  that  Carew  was  not  the  author  of  it ;  but  it  was  probably 
compiled  by  his  directions,  to  which  he  furnished  the  materials." 
WALTER  HARRIS  :  Ware's  Ireland,  iii.  329. 

"  This  great  and  learned  nobleman  wrote  other  books  relating 
to  the  affairs  of  Ireland;  forty-two  volumes  whereof  are  in  the 
Archbishop  of  Canterbury's  library  at  Lambeth;  and  four  volumes 
more  of  collections  from  the  originals,  in  the  Cotton  Library." — 
BISHOP  NICOLSON  :  Irish  Hist.  Library. 

Sir  George  translated  from  the  French  version,  Maurice 
Regan's  Fragment  of  the  History  of  Ireland.  See  Harris's 
Hibernica,  1770.  He  also  rendered  into  English  The 
Story  of  King  Richard  the  Second,  and  Harris  infers  that 
he  drew  up  The  Genealogy  of  the  Fitzgeralds. 

"  He  also  made  several  collections,  notes,  and  extracts  for  the 
writing  of  the  History  of  the  Reign  of  K.  Hen.  V.,  which  were  re 
mitted  into  the  History  of  Great  Britain,  <£c.,  published  by  Joh. 
Speed."— Athen.  Oxon. 

"  He  was  a  great  patron  of  learning  and  lover  of  antiquities." — 
HORACE  WALPOLE. 

"His  History  of  the  Wars  of  Ireland,  in  which  he  was  himself  a 
principal  agent,  is  written  with  the  unaffected  openness  and  sin 
cerity  of  a  soldier." — GRANGER. 

Camden  speaks  of  Carew  with  high  respect, 

"  On  account  of  his  great  love  for  antiquities,  and  for  the  light 

he  gave  him  into  some  of  the  affairs  of  Ireland."     Vide  Britannia, 

and  Park's  Walpole's  R.  &  N.  Authors. 

CareW,  Sir  George,  second  son  of  Thomas  Carew, 
Esq.,  was  ambassador  to  the  Court  of  France,  and  on  his 
return  home,  in  1609,  drew  up  and  addressed  to  James  I., 
A  Relation  of  the  State  of  France ;  with  the  Characters  of 
Henry  IV.,  and  the  Principal  Persons  of  that  Court.  The 
Earl  of  Hardwicke  placed  the  MS.  into  the  hands  of  Dr. 
Birch,  who  pub.  it  with  his  Historical  View  of  the  Nego 
tiations  between  the  Courts  of  England,  France,  and  Brus 
sels,  1592-1617,  Lon.,  1749,  8vo.  Gray,  the  poet,  com 
mends  it  as  an  excellent  performance.  See  Mason's 
Memoirs. 

"  It  is  a  model  upon  which  Embassadors  may  form  and  digest 
their  notions  and  representations." — DR.  BIRCH. 

Carew,  Geo.,  Administrator  of  Sir  William  Courten, 
pub.  some  pieces  relative  to  his  estate,  and  some  political 
treatises,  1659-62. 

Carew,  Richard,  1555-1620,  brother  of  Sir  George, 
the  ambassador,  pub.  some  translations  from  the  Italian, 
and  wrote  a  True  and  Ready  Way  to  learn  the  Latin 
Tongue,  but  is  best  known  by  his  excellent  Survey  of 
Cornwall,  Lon.,  1602,  4to  j  again,  in  1723  and  1769 ;  but 
the  best  edition  is  that  of  Francis,  Lord  De  Dunstanville, 
with  additions,  Lon.,  1811,  4to. 

"  The  survey  of  this  county  is  so  exactly  taken  by  R.  Carew, 
Esquire,  that  there  will  be  only  occasion  for  posterity  carefully  to 
continue  a  work  so  excellently  begun;  and  to  which  Mr.  Camden 
acknowledges  himself  indebted  for  the  chief  light  he  had  in  these 
parts." — BISHOP  NICOLSOX  :  Eng.  Hist.  Library. 

"  Although  more  Histories  of  Cornwall  have  been  written  than 
of  any  other  county,  they  are  all  wretched  productions;  and  the 
Survey  of  Carew  remains  beyond  all  comparison  the  most  accurate 
and  satisfactory."— LOWNDES. 

Carew,  Richard.    Excellent  Helps  by  a  Warming 


CAR 

Stone,  Lon.,  1652,  4to.     The  Warming  Stone  first  found 
out,  Ac.,  Lon.,  8vo. 

Carew,  Thomas,  b.  about  1589,  d.  1639,  gentleman 
of  the  Privy  Chamber,  and  Sewer  in  Ordinary  to  Charles 
I.,  studied  at  Corpus  Christi  College,  Oxford.  His  life 
was  that  of  an  accomplished  courtier,  dividing  his  time 
between  attendance  on  his  royal  master,  amusement,  and 
the  composition  of  many  beautiful  little  poems,  which  are 
sometimes  highly  censurable  as  partaking  of  the  licentious 
tone  which  disgraces  so  many  of  the  writers  of  his  period. 
For  this  fault  the  author  was  sincerely  penitent.  Many 
of  his  pieces  were  set  to  music  by  H.  and  W.  Lawes,  and 
other  composers,  and  published  in  his  lifetime.  Others 
appeared  after  his  death  in  a  12mo  vol.,  1640 ;  again  in 
1642,  '51,  '70,  '72;  with  notes  by  Thomas  Davies,  1772, 
12mo;  a  later  edit.  pub.  at  Edin.,  and  a  Selection  by  John 
Fry  of  Bristol. 

"  A  very  insignificant  performance." 

Carew's  Ccelum  Britannicum,  a  Masque,  was  erroneously 
ascribed  to  Sir  William  Davenant,  and  is  in  his  works, 
1673,  fol.  Carew  was  a  great  favourite  both  with  his  poet 
ical  brethren  and  the  fashionable  circles  of  the  day. 

"  Carew's  sonnets  were  more  in  request  than  any  poet's  of  his 
time,  that  is,  between  1630  and  1640.  They  were  many  of  them 
set  to  music  by  the  two  famous  composers,  Henry  and  William 
Lawes,  and  other  eminent  masters,  and  sung  at  court  in.  their 
masques."—  Oldys's  MS.  notes  on  Langbaine. 

Carew  was  one  of  the  models  upon  which  Pope  formed 
his  style.  The  preceptor  polished  his  lines  with  elaborate 
care,  for  which  he  was  gently  rebuked  by  his  friend,  Sir 
John  Suckling: 

"  Tom  Carew  was  next,  hut  he  had  a  fault 
That  would  not  well  stand  with  a  laureat : 
His  muse  was  hide-bound,  and  the  issue  of 's  brain 
Was  seldom  brought  forth  but  with  trouble  and  pain." 

Sessions  of  Poets,  in  Fragmenta  aurea,  or  poems,  Lon.,  1648,  8vo. 

"  But  this  is  not  to  be  taken  for  the  real  Judgment  of  that  Ex 
cellent  Poet :  and  he  was  too  good  a  Judge  of  Wit  to  be  ignorant 
of  Mr.  Carew's  Worth,  and  his  Talent  in  Poetry,  and  had  he 
pleased,  he  could  have  said  as  much  in  his  commendation  as  Sir 
William  d'Avenant  in  those  Stanzas  writ  to  him." — Langbaine's 
Dramatick  Poetry. 

"  Thomas  Carew,  one  of  the  favoured  poets  of  his  time  for  the 
charming  sweetness  of  his  lyric  odes  and  amorous  sonnets.  .  .  . 
was  untimely  snatched  away  by  death,  in  the  prime  of  his  years, 
to  the  great  reluctancy  of  many  of  his  poetical  acquaintances." — 
Athen.  Oxon. 

"  He  was  reckoned  among  the  chiefest  of  his  time  for  delicacy 
of  wit  and  poetic  fancy ;  by  the  strength  of  which  his  extant  poems 
still  maintain  their  fame  amidst  the  curious  of  the  present  age."— 
PHILLIPS. 

"  He  was  a  person  of  a  pleasant  and  facetious  wit,  and  made 
many  poems,  (especially  in  the  amorous  way,)  which  for  the  sharp 
ness  of  the  fancy,  and  the  elegance  of  the  language  in  which  that 
fancy  was  spread,  were  at  least  equal,  if  not  superior,  to  any  of 
that  time.  But  his  glory  was,  that  after  fifty  years  of  his  life  spent 
with  less  severity  or  exactness  than  it  ought  to  have  been,  he  died 
with  great  remorse  for  that  license,  and  with  the  greatest  mani 
festation  of  Christianity  that  his  best  friends  could  desire."— EABI 
OF  CLARENDON. 

"  Elaborate  and  accurate." — Lloyd's  Worthies. 

"  An  elegant  and  almost  forgotten  writer,  whose  poems  deserve 
to  be  revived." — BISHOP  PERCY. 

"  Carew  has  the  ease  without  the  pedantry  of  Waller,  and  per 
haps  less  conceit.  He  reminds  us  of  the  best  manner  of  Lord 
Lyttelton.  Waller  is  too  exclusively  considered  as  the  first  man 
who  bnfught  versification  to  any  thing  like  its  present  standard. 
Carew's  pretensions  to  the  same  merit  are  seldom  sufficiently 
either  considered  or  allowed."— Headless  Select  Beauties  of  Ancient 
English  Poetry,  Lon.,  1787,  2  vols.  8vo. 

"  His  lines  are  often  very  harmonious,  hut  not  so  artfully  con 
structed  or  so  uniformly  pleasing  as  those  of  Waller.  He  is  re 
markably  unequal ;  the  best  of  his  little  poems  (none  of  more  than 
thirty  lines  are  good)  excel  all  of  his  time ;  but  after  a  few  lines 
of  great  beauty,  we  often  come  to  some  ill-expressed,  or  obscure, 
or  weak,  or  inharmonious  passage.  Few  will  hesitate  to  acknow 
ledge  that  he  has  more  fancy  and  more  tenderness  than  Waller, 
but  less  choice,  less  j  udgment  and  knowledge  where  to  stop,  less 
of  the  equality  which  never  offends,  less  attention  to  the  unity 
and  thread  of  his  little  pieces." — HALLAM  :  Introduc.  to  Lit.  Hist. 

"  The  want  of  boldness  and  expansion  in  Carew's  thoughts  and 
subjects  excludes  him  from  rivalship  with  great  poetical  names ; 
nor  is  it  difficult,  even  within  the  narrow  pale  of  his  works,  to  dis 
cover  some  faults  of  affectation,  and  of  still  more  objectionable  in 
delicacy.  But  among  the  poets  who  have  walked  in  the  same 
limited  path,  he  is  pre-eminently  beautiful,  and  deservedly  ranks 
among  the  earliest  of  those  who  gave  a  cultivated  grace  to  our 
lyrical  strains." — Campbell's  English  Poets. 

Carew,  Thomas.  The  Rights  of  Elections,  Lon., 
1755,  fol. 

Carey,  Alice,  b.  1820,  near  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  contri 
buted  for  several  years  to  Western  periodicals  before  the 
publication  of  the  first  collection  of  her  poems,  which  ap 
peared  in  Phila.  (1849)  in  a  volume  entitled  Poems,  by 
Alice  and  Phebe  Carey.  She  has  since  pub.  Clovernook, 
or  Recollections  of  Our  Neighbourhood  in  the  West,  1851; 
Hagar,  a  Story  of  To-Day;  Lyra,  and  other  Poems,  1852; 
Clovernook,  2d  series,  and  Clovernook  Children,  1854  j 

337 


CAR 


CAR 


Poems,  including  the  Tlascallan  Maiden,  a  Romance  of  the  ! 
Golden  Age  of  Tezcuco ;  Married,  not  Mated,  a  Novel ;  and 
Holywood,  a  Novel,  (1855.) 

"  The  poems  of  Alice  Carey  evince  no  ordinary  power  of  imagina 
tion." — North  Am.  Review. 

"  No  American  woman  has  evinced  in  prose  or  poetry  any  thing 
like  the  genius  of  Alice  Carey."—  Westminster  Review. 

"  She  appears  to  combine  the  fine  qualities  of  Mrs.  Elizabeth 
Barrett  Browning  with  the  best  graces  of  pastoral  poetry."— Jour 
nal  des  Debate,  Paris. 

"  We  do  not  hesitate  to  predict  for  these  sketches  [Clovernook] 
a  wide  popularity.    They  bear  the  true  stamp  of  genius— simple, 
natural,  truthful — and  evince  a  keen  sense  of  the  humour  and 
pathos,  of  the  comedy  and  tragedy  of  life  in  the  country.    No  one 
•who  has  ever  read  it  can  forget  the  sad  and  beautiful  story  of  Mary  i 
Wildermings;  its  weird  fancy,  tenderness,  and  beauty;  its  touch 
ing  description  of  the  emotions  of  a  sick  and  suffering  human  spi-  i 
riC  and  its  exquisite  rural  pictures."— J.  G.  WHITTIER. 

"It  is  impossible  to  deny  that  she  has  original  and  extraor 
dinary  powers,  or  that  the  elements  of  genius  are  poured  forth  in  j 
her  verses  with  an  astonishing  richness  and  prodigality." — E.  P.  j 
WHIFFLE. 

"  Alice  Carey  evinces  in  many  poems  a  genuine  imagination  and 
a  creative  energy  that  challenges  peculiar  praise.  We  have  per 
haps  no  other  author,  so  young,  in  which  the  poetical  faculty  is  so 
largely  developed."— R.  W.  GRISWOLD.  See,  also,  Mrs.  Hale's  Wo 
man's  Record. 

"  Her  characters  are  remarkable,  considering  their  variety,  for 
fidelity  to  nature,  and  her  sentiments  are  marked  by  womanly 
delicacy,  humanity,  and  reverence  for  religion ;  while  over  all  is 
the  charm  of  a  powerful  imagination,  with  frequent  manifestations 
of  the  most  quiet  and  delicious  humour." — PROF.  JNO.  S.  HART. 

"  The  author  has  already  given  proof  of  her  genius  in  the  de 
partment  of  poetry,  and  in  the  present  volume  she  shows  the  pos 
session  of  no  less  decided  talent  for  narrative,  and  the  delineation 
of  character."— W.  C.  BRYANT. 

Carey,  David.  Pleasures  of  Nature,  &c.,  and  other 
poems,  1803,  8vo.  The  Reign  of  Fancy;  a  Poem,  1804, 
12mo.  Secrets  of  the  Castle  ;  a  Novel,  1806,  2  vols.  12mo. 
Picturesque  Scenes ;  or  a  Guide  to  the  Highlands,  1811, 
8vo.  Craig  Phadric,  Ac.  1810,  8vo. 

Carey,  Edward,  M.D.  Trans,  of  Dr.  L.  J.  De  Jough's 
treatise  on  Cod  Liver  Oil;  with  an  Appendix  and  Cases, 
Lon.,  8vo. 

"  As  a  most  useful  addition  to  our  knowledge  on  this  interesting 
subject,  we  recommend  the  study  of  Dr.  De  Jough's  treatise,  ex 
tended  as  it  is,  in  its  present  form,  by  its  able  commentator." — 
Lon.  Lancet. 

Carey,  George.  A  Planisphere,  or  Map  of  the  prin 
cipal  Stars  in  the  Northern  Hemisphere,  Edin.,  1814;  on 
a  Sheet. 

Carey,  George  Saville,  d.  1807,  aged  64,  son  of 
Henry  Carey,  the  musical  composer  and  poet,  travelled 
from  town  to  town  through  England  for  forty  years,  giving 
"lectures,"  or  rather  singing  songs  of  his  own  composition. 
If  their  poetical  merit  was  not  of  the  first  order,  it  is  yet 
to  be  recorded  to  his  credit,  that,  following  his  father's 
example,  he  was  careful  to  exclude  every  thing  of  an  im 
moral  tendency  from  his  entertainments.  The  Inoculator, 
C.,  1766,  8vo.  The  Cottagers,  0.,  1766,  8vo.  Liberty 
Chastised,  T.  C.,  1768,  8vo.  Shakspeare's  Jubilee,  M., 
1769,  8vo.  The  Old  Women  Weatherwise,  Int.,  1770,  8vo. 
The  Magic  Girdle,  Burl.,  1770, 4to.  The  Nut-Brown  Maid, 
C.  0.,  1770,  12mo.  Noble  Pedlar,  Burl.,  1770,  4to.  Ana 
lects,  1771,  2  vols.  12mo.  Mimickry,  1776,  12mo.  Rural 
Ramble,  1777,  Svo.  Poetical  Efforts,  1787,  12mo.  Dupes 
of  Fancy,  F.,  1792,  8vo.  Balnea,  1799,  8vo.  Eighteen 
Hundred,  being  a  Collection  of  Songs,  Tewkesbury,  1800. 
"  His  talents  and  musical  taste  were  such  as  might  have  raised 
him  to  eminence,  had  he  cultivated  them  with  diligence,  or  had 
he  not  been  obliged  to  provide  for  the  day  that  was  passing  over 
him.  ...  He  wrote  a  great  variety  of  songs,  in  which,  like  his 
lather,  he  never  once  trespassed  on  decency  or  good  manners." — 
Biog.  Dramat. 

Carey,  or  Cary,  Henry,  Earl  of  Monmouth,  1596- 
1661,  eldest  son  of  Robert,  first  Earl  of  Monmouth,  was 
admitted  a  Fellow  Commoner  of  Exeter  College,  Oxford,  at 
the  age  of  15,  and  took  the  degree  of  B.A.  in  1613.  He 
was  made  a  Knight  of  the  Bath  in  1616.  In  1625  he  was 
known  by  the  name  of  Lord  Lepington,  his  father's  title 
before  be  was  created  Earl  of  Monmouth.  In  1639  he  be 
came  Earl  of  Monmouth. 

"  Being  then  noted  for  a  person  well  skill'd  in  the  modern  lan 
guages,  and  a  general  scholar;  the  fruit  whereof  he  found  in  the 
troublesome  times  of  rebellion,  when  by  a  forced  retiredness,  he 
was  capacitated  to  exercise  himself  in  studies,  while  others  of  the 
nobility  were  fain  to  truckle  to  their  inferiors  for  company's  sake." 

Horace  Walpole  considers  that  this  pleasant  employment 
of  time  to  which  Wood  refers  was  his  lordship's  chief  in 
ducement  to  authorship. 

"  He  seems  to  have  distrusted  his  own  abilities,  and  to  have 
made  the  fruits  of  his  studies  his  amusement,  rather  than  the 
method  of  his  fame.  Though  there  are  several  large  volumes 
translated  by  him,  we  have  scarce  any  thing  of  his  own  composi 
tion  ;  and  are  as  little  acquainted  with  his  character  as  with  his 
genius."— Royal  and  Noble  Authors. 


The  History  of  the  late  "Wars  of  Christendom,  Lon., 
1641,  fol. 

"  I  believe  this  (which  Wood  says  he  never  saw)  is  the  same  work 
with  his  translation  of  Sir  Francis  Biondfs  History  of  the  Civil 
Wars  of  England,  between  the  Houses  of  York  and  Lancaster." — 
HORACE  WALPOLE. 

Historical  Relations  of  the  United  Provinces,  and  of 
Flanders,  1652,  fol. ;  trans,  from  Bentivoglio.  History 
of  the  Wars  in  Flanders,  1652,  fol.;  again,  1654,  '78;  also 
from  Bentivoglio. 

"  Bentivoglio  is  reckoned  as  a  writer  among  the  very  first  of  his 
age." — HALLAM. 

Politic  Discourses  in  6  Books,  1657,  fol.;  and  History  of 
Venice,  1658,  fol. ;  both  trans,  from  Paul  Parata,  a  no 
ble  Venetian.  His  lordship  also  trans,  from  Senault,  Man 
become  Guilty;  or  the  Corruption  of  his  Nature  by  Sin. 
Romulus  and  Tarquin  from  Malvezzi ;  and  from  the  works 
of  Boccalini,  Capriata,  and  Priorati :  the  last  (History  of 
France)  he  did  not  live  to  finish.  It  was  completed  by 
W.  Brent,  and  pub.  1676,  '77.  His  Amelia,  a  New  Eng 
lish  Opera,  was  pub.  in  1632,  8vo,  and  The  Use  of  Pas 
sions,  Lon.,  1649  and  1671,  8vo. 

His  brother,  Thomas  Carey,  was  the  author  of  some 
occasional  poems,  one  of  which  was  set  to  music  by  Henry 
Lawes,  and  will  be  found  in  his  Ayres  and  Dialogues. 
1653. 

Carey,  Henry,  d.  1743,  a  musician  and  poet,  was  the 
father  of  GEORGE  SAVILLE  CAREY,  (q.  v.)  who  inherited  his 
father's  facility  in  composition.  Poems,  Lon.,  1713,  8vo; 
1720,  12mo;  1729,  -  4to.  Verses  on  Gulliver's  Travels, 
1727,  Svo.  Cantatas  and  Essays,  Lon.,  1724,  '32.  His 
Farce  of  the  Contrivances,  1815,  and  Hanging  and  Mar 
riage,  1722,  are  among  the  best-known  of  his  pieces.  His 
Dramatic  Works  were  pub.  in  1743,  4to :  a  list  will  be 
found  in  Biog.  Dramat.  The  classical  ballad  beginning 
"  Of  all  the  Girls  that  are  so  smart,"  or  "  Sally  in  our 
Alley,"  claims  Carey  as  its  author.  The  Musical  Century, 
2  vols.  fol.,  was  pub.  in  1740.  As  we  are  fond  of  literary 
coincidences,  we  shall  record  one  which  we  discover  in 
reading  the  preface  to  "The  Musical  Century."  It  so 
happened  that  our  learned  friend,  the  distinguished  parent 
of  the  new  school  of  Political  Economy — HENRY  C.  CA 
REY,  (we  wish  that  that  C.  could  be  expunged  to  render 
the  coincidence  more  perfect!)  published  in  1853  a  series 
of  Letters  on  International  Copyright,  in  which  the  sub 
ject  of  Copyright  in  its  general  aspects  is  treated  with 
much  vigour  and  ability.  As  regards  the  soundness  of 
Mr.  Carey's  doctrines,  we  are  of  course  too  wise  to  give 
an  opinion,  surrounded  as  we  are  in  this  volume  with  such 
a  host  of  authors  of  opposing  sentiments.  Now  it  so 
happens  that  HENRY  CAREY,  of  musical  memory,  favours 
us  with  some  lines  upon  this  subject  in  the  Preface  to  his 
Musical  Century : 

'•  What  retarded  the  publication  thus  long,  was  the  prospect  I 
had  from  an  act  depending  in  Parliament,  for  securing  the  right 
of  copies  to  authors  or  their  assigns,  &c. ;  it  being  almost  incredible 
how  much  I  have  suffered  by  having  my  works  py rated ;  my  loss 
on  that  account,  for  many  years  past,  amounting  to  little  less  than 
£300  per  annum,  as  I  can  easily  make  appear  to  any  person,  con 
versant  in  publication. 

"  As  the  justice  of  such  a  law  is  self-evident ;  and  au  act  already 
made  in  favour  of  engravers,  I  doubt  not  but  the  wisdom  and 
humanity  of  the  Legislature  will,  one  time  or  other,  regulate  this 
affair,  not  confining  the  property  of  authors,  &c.  to  one  particular 
branch,  but  extending  it  to  the  benefit  of  arts  and  sciences  in  ge 
neral  : 

" « Oh !  could  I  see  the  day !' " 

•This  coincidence  is  worth  noticing,  certainly. 

Sir  John  Hawkins  thus  sums  up  the  characteristics  of 
Carey  as  a  musician  and  an  author : 

"  As  a  musician  Carey  seems  to  have  been  of  the  first  of  the  lowest 
rank;  and  as  a  poet,  the  last  of  that  class  of  which  Durfey  was  the 
first;  with  this  difference,  that  in  all  the  songs  and  poems  written 
by  him  on  wine,  love,  and  such  kinds  of  subjects,  he  seems  to  have 
manifested  an  inviolable  regard  for  decency  and  good  manners." 

The  last  line  is  well  enough,  and  could  Carey  have  read 
Sir  John's  estimate,  we  may  imagine  him  exclaiming  with 
the  vanquished  monarch,  "  All  is  lost,  save  honour  !" 

Carey,  Henry,  Lord  Viscount  Falkland.     See  CART. 

Carey,  Henry.  Essays,  <tc.,  pub.  under  the  signature 
of  John  Waters. 

Carey,  Henry  C.,  b.  1793,  at  Philndelphia,  son  of 
MATHEW  CAREY,  (q.  v.)  succeeded  his  father  in  his  exten 
sive  publishing  business,  in  1821,  and  continued  in  a  pur 
suit  so  congenial  to  his  literary  taste,  until  1838.  In  1824 
he  established  the  system  of  periodical  trade-sales,  which 
are  now  the  ordinary  channels  of  exchange  between  book 
sellers.  Mr.  Carey  inherited  an  inclination  to  investiga 
tions  in  Political  Economy,  and  in  1836  gave  the  results 
of  his  speculations  to  the  world  in  an  Essay  on  the  Rate 
of  Wages,  which  was  expanded  into  The  Principles  of  Po- 


CAR 

litical  Economy,  1837-40,  3  vols.  8vo.  The  novel  position 
assumed  by  Mr.  Carey  excited  no  little  surprise  among  the 
European  Political  Economists.  This  work  has  been  pub 
lished  in  Italian  at  Turin,  and  in  Swedish  at  UpsaL 

"  Bastiat  has  taken  from  Carey  ideas  that  the  American  Econo 
mist  had  developed,  and  had  presented  to  his  readers  with  so  much 
skill,  and  with  such  an  imposing  mass  of  facts,  as  in  truth  to  leave 
in  suspense  the  decision  of  even  the  most  accomplished  student  of 
his  works.  .  .  .  Carey,  and,  after  him,  Bastiat,  have  thus  intro 
duced  a  formula  in  relation  to  the  measure  of  value,  that  I  believe 
is  destined  to  be  universally  adopted.  It  is  a  most  felicitous  idea. 
.  .  .  His  work  cannot  be  omitted  from  our  collection,  nor  can  its 
publication  be  delayed."— Professor  Ferrara,  Editor  of  the  Biblio- 
teca  delV  Economista. 

"  The  most  important  product  of  political  economy  for  the  last 
half  century."— Journal  des  Economistes. 

In  1838  Mr.  Carey  pub.  The  Credit  System  in  France, 
Great  Britain,  and  the  United  States. 

"  An  American  author,  Mr.  H.  C.  Carey,  well  known  by  several 
excellent  works,  seems  to  me,  in  this  matter,  (Currency,)  and  espe 
cially  in  the  investigation  of  causes  and  effects,  to  have  succeeded 
better  than  the  English  inquirers.  As  early  as  1838,  he  had  in  his 
book— The  Credit  System  in  France,  Great  Britain,  and  the  United 
States — clearly  shown  the  primary  causes  of  the  perturbations  oc 
curring  almost  periodically  in  commerce  and  currency,  and  that 
the  cause  was  the  same  in  France  as  in  England." — M.  COQUEUN  : 
fievue  des  Deux  Mondes. 

"  The  best  work  on  the  credit  system  that  has  ever  been  pub 
lished." — Journal  des  Economises. 

In  1848  Mr.  Carey  pub.  The  Past,  The  Present,  and  The 
Future. 

"  A  work  whose  design  is  to  show  that  men  are  everywhere  now 
doing  precisely  as  has  heretofore  been  done,  and  that  they  do  so  in 
obedience  to  a  great  and  universal  law,  directly  the  reverse  of  that 
taught  by  Ricardo,  Malthus,  and  their  successors." — Men  of  the 
Time,  New  York,  1852,  q.  v. 

"  It  is,  as  our  readers  see,  the  theory  of  progress,  redeemed  from 
the  wildness  of  philosophical  speculations,  economically  established, 
and  brought  home  to  us  by  the  facts." — Dictionnaire  de  VEconomie 
Pditique. 

"  The  field  surveyed  by  Mr.  Carey  in  the  Past  and  Present  is  a 
broad  one — broader  than  that  of  any  other  book  of  our  time — for 
it  discusses  every  interest  of  man." — American  Whig  Review. 

"  One  of  the  strongest  and  most  original  writers  of  the  age." — 
Westminster  Review. 

"  Every  friend  of  agriculture  ought  to  read  Mr.  Carey's  remark 
able  and  convincing  work." — Sldnner's  Journal  of  Agriculture. 

"  A  volume  of  extensive  information,  deep  thought,  high  intel 
ligence,  and,  moreover,  of  material  utility." — Lon.  Morning  Adver. 
This  work  also  excited  great  attention  abroad,  and  has 
recently  been  published  in  Swedish  at  Stockholm.  For  se 
veral  years  Mr.  C.  contributed  all  the  leading  articles,  and 
many  of  those  less  important,  to  The  Plough,  the  Loom, 
and  the  Anvil.  A  number  of  these  papers  have  been  col 
lected  in  a  volume  entitled  The  Harmony  of  Interests,  Agri 
cultural,  Manufacturing,  and  Commercial,  and  others  of 
them  in  a  pamphlet  called  The  Prospect;  Agricultural, 
Manufacturing,  Commercial,  and  Financial,  at  the  opening 
of  1851. 

Blackwood's  Magazine  remarks  of  The  Harmony  of  In 
terests,  <fec. : 

"  Mr.  Carey,  the  well-known  statistical  writer  of  America,  has 
supplied  us  with  ample  materials  for  conducting  such  an  inquiry ; 
and  we  can  safely  recommend  his  remarkable  work  to  all  who  wish 
to  investigate  the  causes  of  the  progress  or  decline  of  industrial 
communities." 

In  1853  appeared  The  Slave-Trade ;  Domestic  and  Fo 
reign;  why  it  exists;  and  how  it  may  be  extinguished. 

'•  It  is  an  invaluable  addition  to  the  literature  of  the  country 
and  of  the  world."— New  York  Tribune. 

"  Mr.  Carey  has  clearly  substantiated  his  claim  to  be  the  leading 
writer  now  devoted  to  the  study  of  political  economy.  In  his 
pregnant  discussions  he  has  not  only  elevated  the  scientific  posi 
tion  of  his  country,  but  nobly  subserved  the  cause  of  humanity." 
—New  York  Quarterly. 

Mr.  Carey  has  also  pub.  (in  1840)  Answers  to  the  Ques 
tions,  What  Constitutes  Currency?  What  are  the  Causes 
of  its  Unsteadiness  ?  And  What  is  the  Remedy  ?  And  Let 
ters  on  International  Copyright,  (1853.)  In  1858  he  gave 
to  the  world  vols.  i.  and  ii.  of  an  important  work,  to  be 
comprised  in  3  vols.  8vo,  entitled  Principles  of  Social 
Science ;  also  Letters  to  the  President  of  the  U.S.,  8vo.  We 
subjoin  an  examination  of  Mr.  Carey's  merits  as  a  teacher 
of  political  economy,  prepared  for  us  by  one  of  the  mosi 
eminent  of  American  professors  of  this  important  science 

"  Mr.  Carey,  not  only  in  his  own  country,  but  throughout  Eu 
rope,  where  his  writings  have  been  extensively  studied,  both  in 
their  original  language  and  in  translations,  is  the  acknowledge*: 
founder  and  head  of  a  new  school  of  Political  Economy.  We  can 
only  indicate  the  fundamental  difference  between  his  system  and 
that  in  undisputed  supremacy  when  he  began  his  contributions  to 
social  science.  This  however  will  suffice  to  show  how  eminently 
hopeful,  progressive,  and  democratic,  are  the  doctrines  which  he 
proclaimed,  and  with  what  fulness  of  significance  those  who  have 
accepted  them  are  styled  the  American  school. 

"  Adam  Smith's  publication  of  the  Wealth  of  Nations  was  con 
temporaneous  with  the  opening  of  the  American  Revolution.  Tha 
work  explained  the  manner  in  which  the  course  of  nature  tends 
to  the  concurrent  and  harmonious  progress  in  well-being  of  al 


CAR 

classes  of  society,  and  how,  whenever  the  feet  is  wanting — wher 
ever  a  community  is  stationary,  or  some  classes  fell  back  in  the 
scale  of  comfort,  while  others  advance — it  is  an  anomaly  which 
may  be  traced  to  human  interference.  If  all  the  industrial  orders, 
labourers,  capitalists,  and  land-owners,  fail  to  march  forward  with 
the  procession  of  time  towards  a  better  and  steadily  improving  con 
dition,  Adam  Smith  found  the  cause  in  misgovernment  by  earthly 
rulers,  not  in  any  defect  of  providential  arrangements.  There  had 
been  little  more  than  time  for  the  scholars  of  the  continent  to  make 
themselves  acquainted  with  Smith's  system,  when  the  convulsion 
of  the  French  Revolution  began.  The  toiling  millions  had  jumped 
with  a  sure  instinct  that  needed  no  bookish  instruction  to  the  con 
clusion  that  their  industry  ought,  in  the  natural  course  of  things, 
to  have  secured  the  enjoyment  of  the  fruits  that  every  day  eluded 
their  grasp,  to  fall  into  the  hands  of  the  idle  and  profligate ;— that 
the  products  of  labour  were  abundant  for  the  material  comfort  of 
all,  and  that  the  false  and  partial  distribution  by  which  they  were 
defrauded  of  their  fair  share,  was  due  to  the  wickedness  or  incom 
petence  of  their  rulers.  They  were  prompt  to  seek  the  remedy  in 
governmental  reforms.  Adam  Smith  had  prepared  the  literary 
class  for  sympathizing  with  their  convictions  and  their  aspirations. 
Godwin's  Political  Justice  was,  in  conservative  England,  among 
the  boldest  and  sharpest  protests  against  the  defects  and  failures 
of  the  existing  social  organization,  uttered  with  a  calmness,  sobrie 
ty,  and  force  of  reasoning,  that  were  not  to  be  met  by  denouncing 
it  as  Democratic  and  Revolutionary,  which  sufficed  for  a  reply  to 
more  intemperate  writers.  Mr.  Malthus,  a  clergyman  of  the  Esta 
blished  Church,  while  studying  to  refute  it,  was  impressed  with  the 
substantial  justice  of  the  plea  for  reform,  upon  the  received  data 
for  argument,  and  became  satisfied  that  the  evils  of  which  the  re 
publicans  complained  admitted  of  no  defence  which  should  come 
short  of  demonstrating  the  necessity  of  their  existence,  or  throw 
the  responsibility  for  it  upon  the  sufferers. 

"  It  was  as  an  answer  to  Godwin's  book  that  Malthus  composed 
his  celebrated  Essay  on  Population,  the  theory  of  which  was  at  once 
accepted  and  remains  to  this  day  as  the  strongest  apology  of  which 
despotism  is  capable.  The  ruling  classes  were  not  only  exculpated, 
but  they  were  taught  to  '  harden  their  hearts  against  the  people* 
by  a  theory  which  ascribed  the  miseries  of  the  governed  to  the 
regular  operation  of  a  fixed  law  of  human  and  physical  nature, 
which  even  that  charity  which  endeavoured  to  alleviate  individual 
suffering,  could  only  aggravate.  Malthus  assigned,  as  the  effective 
cause  of  poverty  and  wretchedness  in  the  masses,  a  supposed  law 
of  population,  according  to  which  it  has  a  constant  tendency  to 
outrun  the  growth  of  capital — the  number  of  mouths  to  be  fed  to 
exceed  the  food  that  should  fill  them.  The  human  race,  according 
to  this  theory,  has  implanted  in  it  such  instincts  and  powers  that 
under  their  free  action  it  would  increase  in  geometrical  ratio,  dou 
bling  every  twenty-five  years.  The  means  of  subsistence,  on  the 
other  hand,  are,  as  he  believed,  limited  to  an  increase  in  arithmeti 
cal  ratio.  There  must  consequently,  in  the  natural  order  of  provi 
dence,  be  a  constantly  increasing  disparity  between  the  amount  of 
property  in  a  community— especially  that  of  the  first  necessity  like 
food — and  the  number  of  persons  to  divide,  with  a  steady  and  cease 
less  approximation  towards  famine.  If,  in  point  of  fact,  the  press 
ure  of  population  upon  subsistence  had  been  seen  not  to  grow  at 
the  terrific  rate  which  the  law  would  demand,  it  was  due  to  almost 
perpetual  wars  waged  at  the  instigation  of  kings  and  nobles — to  fre 
quent  famines,  resulting  often  from  the  devastations  of  war— to  pes 
tilence,  brooding  in  the  foul  cabins  of  the  poor,  and  fastening  upon 
them  because  they  were  poor,  ill-fed,  ill-clothed,  and  ill-sheltered. 
Some  little — if  the  poor  had  only  been  wiser,  and  piously  submis 
sive  to  the  decrees  of  Heaven — should  have  been  owing  to  that 
'moral  restraint'  which  it  was  the  object  of  Mr.  Malthus  to  incul 
cate — to  abstinence  from  matrimony,  or,  if  the  imprudence  of  matri 
mony  were  committed,  to  defeating  its  purpose — the  propagation  of 
offspring.  Alas,  how  little  credit  could  the  poor  claim  on  this  score  I 
Scandalously  prolific  had  they  been  ever  and  everywhere,  and  the 
weak  charity  of  their  betters  had,  by  administering  relief  to  the 
destitute,  and  thus  interposing  between  their  folly  in  begetting 
children,  and  its  heaven -ordained  penalty,  diverted  their  attention 
from  what  Mr.  Mill  tells  us  is  the  only  remedy,  'the  grand  practi 
cal  problem — to  find  the  means  of  limiting  the  number  of  births.' 

"  As  man  is  a  producer  of  food,  as  well  as  a  consumer,  the  organic 
law  of  Malthusianism  required  some  supplementary  dogma  which 
should  explain  why  it  is  that  the  race  cannot  make  its  labour  pro 
ductive  in  the  ratio  of  its  numbers.  This  was  soon  supplied  in 
the  theory  of  Rent,  which  goes  by  the  name  of  Ricardo,  and  is 
based  upon  the  allegation  that  settlement  and  culture  always  be 
gin  upon  the  most  fertile  and  best-situated  lands,  and  as  they 
are  occupied  by  the  growth  of  population,  men  necessarily  recede 
to  soils  of  progressively  deteriorating  quality,  and  possessing  less 
advantages  of  situation.  Each  generation  of  cultivators  expend 
ing  their  energies  upon  soils  yielding  returns  inferior  in  propor 
tion  to  their  numbers  to  those  tilled  by  their  predecessors,  each 
increment  to  the  population  would  harvest  a  less  and  less  incre 
ment  of  food,  and  with  every  year  a  larger  proportion  of  the  entire 
available  labour  of  the  community  would  be  required  for  supply 
ing  its  primary  necessity.  This,  if  true — and  it  passed  without 
question  until  refuted  by  Mr.  Carey — was  a  satisfactory  and  cor 
roborative  explanation  of  the  laws  of  population.  It  proved  that 
a  steady  declension  towards  misery  and  starvation  would  be  the 
inevitable  lot  of  the  masses,  even  upon  the  supposition  that  all 
the  means  of  subsistence  were  fairly  and  equally  partitioned.  But 
the  theory  did  more.  It  taught  that  as  soon  as  the  necessities  of 
society  drove  men  to  the  cultivation  of  land  of  the  second  quality, 
the  owners  of  that  of  the  first  grade  acquired  the  power  to  charge 
for  its  use  a  rent  equivalent  to  the  difference  in  the  crops  of  the 
two.  When  land  of  the  third  quality  became  necessary  to  supply 
the  increasing  mouths,  the  second  yielded  a  rent,  and  the  rent  of 
the  first  was  also  advanced  by  an  amount  equal  to  the  difference 
between  the  second  and  third.  Consequently  the  smaller  the  sup 
ply  of  food  became,  the  larger  the  proportion  of  it  absorbed  by  the 
landlords,  and  the  less  that  of  the  labourers.  This  established 
the  necessary  growth  of  a  landed  aristocracy,  whose  wealth  and 
nower  wax.  as  t,hns«  of  ih«  nonnla  \vaii«.  Nor  was  this  all.  It 


power  wax,  as  those  of  the  people  wane.    Nor  was 


339 


CAR 

taught  that  the  price  of  all  raw  productions  was  necessarily  fixed 
by  that  of  the  portion  raised  with  the  greatest  difficulty  and  ex 
pense,  that  is,  on  the  worst  soils  under  cultivation  which  pay  no 
rent.  Rent  therefore  did  not  enter  into  price;  but  price  it  was 
held  was  divided  between  wages  and  profits,  profits  being  the 
highest  when  wages  are  least.  The  interests  of  the  labourer  and 
the  capitalist  are  thus  held  to  be  directly  antagonistic,  they  having 
to  struggle  with  each  other  about  the  division  of  a  continually  de 
creasing  share  left  by  the  landlord  for  the  two. 

"If  this  system  be  true,  the  stratification  of  society  after  the 
aristocratic  models  is  as  certain  and  inevitable  as  any  feet  in  Geo 
logy,  and  all  dreams  of  the  equality  and  brotherhood  of  man,  or 
pf  any  permanent  and  practical  amelioration  of  the  condition  of 
the  many  as  vain,  as  would  be  projects  for  altering  the  location  of 
the  eternal  rocks,  and  making  the  granite  of  the  globe  overlay  the  ' 
limestone.  Well  was  it  termed  the  '  Dismal  science,'  that  thus  taught  I 
«  the  very  philosophy  of  despair,  resting  upon  an  arithmetic  of  ruin.' 
It  is  not  singular  that  essentially  retrograde  and  anti-democratic  as 
it  was  in  its  origin  and  its  spirit,  it  should  have  been  welcomed  in 
Europe  at  a  time  when  conservatism  was  shaken  with  strange  fears 
of  change,  and  perplexed  for  a  plausible  answer  to  the  demands  of 
political  justice;  but  it  is  strange  that  it  should  have  been  accepted  ! 
in  this  country,  and  be  inculcated  expressly,  or  by  necessary  im 
plication,  by  those  who  claim  to  be  pre-eminently  democratic. 

"Such  was  the  revolting  aspect  of  Political  Economy,  when,  in 
1835,  Mr.  Carey  published  his  Essay  on  the  Rate  of  Wages.  The 
main  step  out  of  the  gloom  of  the  Ricardian  system  gained  by 
this  first  essay  was  its  proof  that  profits  and  wages  do  not  vary 
inversely,  but  that  high  wages  are  an  infallible  evidence  of  pros 
perity,  and  of  the  rapid  increase  of  capital  :  thus  establishing  har 
mony,  instead  of  antagonism,  between  the  interests  of  labourers 
and  of  capitalists.  We  do  not  dwell  on  the  importance  of  this 
position,  because  Mr.  Carey  in  his  progress  soon  brought  the  par 
ticular  truth  under  a  more  general  law,  as  is  ordinarily  the  case 
when  an  empirical  system  begins  to  grow  into  science.  In  1837 
he  published  the  first  Part  of  his  Principles  of  Political  Economy, 
followed  between  that  period  and  1840  by  the  three  remaining 
Parts.  A  new  and  very  simple,  but,  as  an  Italian  Economist  has 
justly  styled  it,  a  very  sagacious,  expression  of  the  measure  or 
limit  of  Value,  as  consisting  not  in  the  labour  expended  in  the  pro 
duction  of  any  thing,  but  in  the  labour  required  to  reproduce  it, 
at  the  time  of  estimation,  marks  the  opening  of  this  work.  It 
proceeds  to  establish  these  necessary  consequences  :  —  That  the  value 
of  existing  capital  is  constantly  falling  with  the  advantages  of  as 
sociation,  and  the  acquisition  of  improved  machinery  which  attend 
the  growth  of  population  ;  for  these  reduce  the  labour  of  repro 
ducing  the  various  commodities  of  which  capital  is  made  up.  and 
facilitate  the  construction  of  new  machinery,  by  which  still  further 
economy  may  be  effected.  That  labour  is  therefore  steadily  grow 
ing  in  its  power  to  command  capital,  and,  e  converso,  the  power  of 
capital  over  labour  as  steadily  diminishing.  That  labour  and  capi 
tal  in  their  combined  action  are  continually  producing  a  larger  re 
turn  for  the  same  outlay,  of  which  larger  return  an  increasing  pro 
portion,  and  of  course  an  increased  absolute  quantity,  goes  to  the 
labourer,  while  the  share  of  the  capitalist  diminishes  in  its  pro 
portion.  but  is  taken  from  a  return  so  large  as  to  yield  him  for  that 
smaller  proportion,  a  quantity  increased  in  its  absolute  amount. 
No  truth  so  luminous  as  that  contained  in  this  grand  law  of  Dis 
tribution  had  ever  before  lighted  up  the  path  of  inquiry  into  Social 
Science.  It  gave  the  clew  by  which  History  is  made  intelligible 
and  consistent,  for  it  alone  explains  the  possibility  of  that  physi 
cal,  social,  and  political  progress  through  which  all  classes  advance 
in  their  dominion  over  the  powers  and  the  stores  of  nature,  with 
a  constant  approximation  towards  equality  in  their  relations  to 
each  other,  in  other  words  towards  Democracy. 

"  The  doctrines  of  Ricardo  were  not  merely  negatived,  but  re 
versed,  when  in  the  same  work  it  was  shown  that  land  owes  all  its 
value  to  labour,  and  so  far  from  exchanging  for  an  amount  of  la 
bour  equal  to  that  expended  in  bringing  it  to  its  existing  condi 
tion,  never  commands  more  than  the  quantity  requisite  to  bring 
pew  land  to  an  equally  productive  condition;  —  a  quantity  much 
inferior,  because  every  improvement  enables  men  to  expend  their 
labour  more  advantageously  than  their  predecessors,  and  thus  to 
reproduce  land,  that  is  to  say,  all  those  ameliorations  and  advan 
tages  of  market  which  give  value  to  land,at  a  cheaper  rate.  That 
rent  only  represents  the  interest  on  the  cost  of  reproduction,  and 
therefore  the  profits  of  landed  investment  obey  the  same  laws  which 
govern  capital  in  other  forms  ;  the  landlord  obtaining  a  decreasing 
proportion,  though  an  increasing  quantity,  from  the  crops  of  his 
domain.  Mr.  Carey  arrived  at  this  conclusion,  though  he  then 
believed  with  Ricardo  in  the  '  decreasing  fertility  of  the  soil,'  by 
finding  a  sufficient  compensation  in  the  enhanced  power  of  labour 
through  the  aid  of  capital  (other  than  raw  produce)  growing  at  a 
rate  sufficiently  more  rapid  than  that  of  population  to  countervail 
the  disadvantages  of  its  being  forced  to  the  cultivation  of  the  in 
ferior  lands.  He  has  brought  a  large  portion  of  the  European 
economists,  as  recent  discussions  prove,  up  to  this  stage  of  his  pro- 
gre?  ^Ta  **"  where  they  must  renounce  Malthusianisin  entirely, 
and  the  errors  of  Ricardo  in  great  part.  But  the  incongruity  re 
mains  that  •  the  decreasing  fertility  of  the  soil'  is  an  ever-growing 
impediment  to  that  accumulation  of  capital,  by  which  at  any  given 
point  its  decreased  productiveness  and  enhanced  demand  for  the 
unln  1848.f  "^  *  °VerC°me'  and  this  tumbUnfi-block 


"In  that  year  Mr.  Carey  published  The  Past,  Present  and  Fu 
ture,  in  which  he  attacked  the  central  folsehood  of  Srdo's  sys 
tem  and  demonstrated  that  the  fact  is  the  very  reverse  of  hi* 
hypothesis  By  an  elaborate  historical  investigation,  he  shows 
conclusively  that  in  all  countries  in  an  advanced  stage  of  civK 
tlon  ,  men,  instead  of  beginning  settlement  and  cultivation  upon 
the  best  soils,  have  begun  upon  the  poorest,  the  licht  wmdv  soil* 
Of  the  uplands,  which  are  easily  tilled  by  the  rudest  an^Last  em 
dent  tools,  and  that  with  the  improvement  of  machinery,  and  th 
increased  powers  of  association  attending  the  growth  of  pormla 
tion,  they  have  proceeded  regularly  to  the  heavy  bottom-Linda 
covered  with  dense  timber,  and  requiring  great  outlays  for  drain- 


CAR 

age,  and  other  costly  amelioration.  By  geographical  comparison 
of  contemporaneous  communities,  he  shows  that  the  lowest  in  the 
scale  of  population  and  wealth  are  those  in  which  the  inferior  soils 
are  alone  cultivated,  and  the  better  lie  waste;  and  that  the  degree 
to  which  they  have  subdued  the  better  lands  accurately  marks 
their  progress.  In  a  prolonged  discussion  in  which  Economists  of 
all  parts  of  Europe  have  taken  part,  he  has  repeatedly — and  in 
vain — challenged  the  maintainers  of  the  Kicardian  hypothesis  to 
name  a  single  spot  where  men  have  not  commenced  on  the  poor 
soils,  and  proceeded  to  the  better,  with  increasing  numbers  and 
wealth;  or  where  they  have  not  receded  to  the  poorer  with  the  in 
roads  of  poverty  and  depopulation.  The  acquisition  of  this  truth 
gave  harmony  and  completeness  to  the  system.  It  accounted  for 
an  accelerated  rate  in  the  accumulation  of  capital,  by  showing  how 
a  decreasing  proportion  of  a  growing  community  is  able  to  supply 
the  whole  with  food  and  material,  and  an  increasing  proportion  is 
left  free  to  devote  its  labour  to  the  conversion  of  that  material; 
while  it  taught  the  philosophy  of  concentration  as  the  means  of 
facilitating  exchange,  and  the  diversification  of  industry.  It  ex 
plained  the  prevalence  of  war,  and  of  military  institutions  in  the 
earlier  ages  of  society,  by  showing  how  and  why  it  is  that  sparse 
communities,  finding  themselves  stinted  in  food,  and  imagining 
themselves  pinched  in  space,  covet  the  territories  of  their  neigh 
bours,  and  waste  their  energies  in  alternate  aggression  and  defence 
against  the  reprisal  provoked  by  it, — how  a  military  aristocracy 
(and  all  aristocracies  have  been  military  in  their  origin)  is  possible 
when  wages  are  low,  and  the  landlord  taking  two-thirds  of  the 
product  of  his  fields  in  the  shape  of  rent,  is  able  to  support  a  re 
tinue  of  men-at-arms  equal  in  number  to  the  cultivators,  and  be 
comes  impossible  as  his  proportion  decreases,  and  that  of  the  culti 
vators  increases — how  the  latter  successively  emerge  from  the 
condition  of  slaves,  serfs,  feudal  vassals,  to  equality  of  political 
rights,  and  Republican  self-government.  We  have  said  enough  to 
indicate  how  naturally  the  system  of  Mr.  Carey,  shining  over  and 
beyond  the  narrow  field  of  material  wealth — to  which  the  old 
school  of  Economists,  not  less  from  necessity,  than  from  inclina 
tion,  limits  itself— lights  up  the  whole  realm  of  political  interests, 
and  all  the  social  relations  of  man.  Slavery  and  the  Slave  Trade 
published  by  Mr.  Carey  in  1850,  is  no  more  than  an  application  in 
extevso  to  the  elucidation  of  the  particulartopic  of  principles  clearly 
established  and  developed  in  the  preceding  works.  The  circum 
stances  and  the  policy  which  increase  or  diminish  the  power  of 
men  to  control  their  own  labour  and  its  fruits,  are  treated  with 
the  same  dispassionate  logic  as  a  physician  would  employ  in  treat 
ing  of  the  cause  and  cure  of  malarious  fevers,  and  equally  irre 
spective  of  the  colour  or  locality  of  the  patients.  In  fact,  it  is  the 
characteristic  of  Mr.  Carey's  system,  that  having  based  it  upon 
physical  facts,  and  thus  brought  it  into  affiliation  with  the  positive 
sciences,  he  pursues  the  same  methods  of  investigation  which  have 
conducted  to  precision  and  certainty  in  physical  discovery ;  and 
thus  arrives  at  those  '  great  constitutive  laws  in  which  dwell  do 
minion  and  the  power  of  prophecy.' 

•  Our  limits  have  confined  us  to  the  elucidation  of  the  radical 
distinction  between  the  American  and  European  systems,  at  the 
expense  of  omitting  any  reference  to  the  diversities  of  their  out 
growth  in  the  minor  developments  and  collateral  consequences. 
The  reader  must  explore  them  for  himself,  and  we  trust  will  ere 
long  have  new  aid  in  the  inquiry.  It  is  the  distinction  of  genuine 
science  that  every  step  opens  the  way  for  further  progress,  and 
that  it  tends  to  constant  simplification,  by  bringing  a  wider  rang* 
of  facts  under  general  laws,  diminishing  in  number  as  they  en 
large  in  scope.  We  have  reason  to  expect  from  Mr.  Carey  the  pub 
lication  of  his  maturest  views  in  the  order  of  their  logical  genesis. 
This  is  usually  the  reverse  of  the  order  of  discovery,  and  admits 
of  much  greater  condensation,  for  man's  path  to  the  central  and 
mother  truth  is  through  a  converging  spiral.  As  he  has  advanced 
from  circle  to  circle,  he  has  announced  his  progress  in  treatises, 
if  not  essentially  polemic  and  critical,  yet  necessarily  swelled  by  a 
mass  of  evidence  and  illustration  which  may  now  be  dismissed. 
To  prove  empirically  that  the  planets  revolve  in  ellipses,  requires 
innumerable  observations  of  their  actual  position  and  volumes 
of  figures,  but  the  demonstration  becomes  brief  and  easy  as  soon 
as  the  focus  and  the  law  of  attraction  have  been  ascertained. 

"  Mr.  Carey  has  been  an  industrious  anonymous  writer  in  Ma 
gazines  and  Journals,  in  defence  of  the  protective  policy  which 
his  theory  for  the  first  time  made  logically  tenable,  and  reconciled 
with  the  philosophy  of  Adam  Smith,  which  those  who  quote  with 
out  reading,  or  read  but  in  scraps,  assume  it  to  condemn.  The  Har 
mony  of  Interests — Agricultural,  Manufacturing,  and  Commer 
cial,  is  devoted  expressly  to  this  topic." 

Carey,  John,  LL.D.,  d.  1829,  a  native  of  Ireland,  was 
well  known  as  the  editor  of  more  than  50  volumes  of  the 
Regent's  Classics,  of  Ainsworth's  Latin  Dictionary,  <fcc., 
and  author  and  translator  of  several  useful  works.  We 
notice  the  following  valuable  work:  Schleusner's  New 
Testament  Lexicon,  compressed  into  the  Form  of  a  Ma 
nual,  Lon.,  1826,  8vo. 

"The  main  principle  of  this  volume  is,  that  it  contains  all 
Schleusner's  lexicographical  interpretations,  together  with  his 
Scripture  references,  and  this  without  abridgment;  while  nothing 
is  sacrificed  but  what,  in  a  majority  of  instances,  may  be  advan 
tageously  dispensed  with.  .  .  .  Dr.  Carey's  name  is  a  guarantee 
for  correct  impression." — Lon.  Eclectic  Review,  N.  S.  xxvi.  180. 

Carey,  John.     See  GARY. 

Carey,  Mathew,  1760-1839,  an  eminent  philan 
thropist,  was  a  native  of  Dublin.  His  father,  a  man  of 
great  intelligence,  bestowed  upon  him  and  his  five  brothers 
a  liberal  education,  and  they  all  subsequently  became  dis 
tinguished  for  their  learning  or  literary  taste.  At  the 
early  age  of  17,  Mathew  pub.  an  Essay  on  Duelling,  which 
was  followed  in  1779  by  A  Letter  to  the  Catholics  of  Ire 
land,  which  caused  much  excitement,  and  compelled  his 


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temporary  exile  to  France,  where  he  made  the  acquaintance 
of  Dr.  Franklin,  with  whom,  and  with  the  Marquis  de 
Lafayette,  Mr.  Carey  was  on  terms  of  friendship.  Return 
ing  to  Ireland,  he  established  the  Volunteer's  Journal, 
which  speedily  took  its  place  as  the  leading  opposition 
paper  of  the  day,  but  persecution  from  the  government 
led  to  his  arrest  and  imprisonment,  and  finally  forced  him 
in  1783  to  quit  his  country.  Arrived  in  Philadelphia, 
where  he  continued  to  reside  until  his  death  in  1839,  he 
commenced  his  career  in  1785  as  editor  and  proprietor  of 
the  Pennsylvania  Herald,  and  this  was  followed  by  the 
American  Museum,  a  monthly  journal  of  which  he  was 
also  editor.  This  periodical  extended  to  13  volumes, 
1787-92,  and  forms  a  valuable  record  of  the  facts  of  that 
period.  Mr.  Carey  was  author  of  numerous  pamphlets  on 
various  subjects  of  public  interest,  and  of  several  books 
which  had  much  success.  Of  these  the  earliest  published 
in  America  was  a  History  of  the  Yellow  Fever  of  1793,  of 
which  four  editions  were  published.  In  1810,  '11,  he  pub. 
Letters  and  Reflections  upon  the  United  States  Bank.  In 
1814  appeared  The  Olive  Branch,  or  Faults  on  both  Sides, 
Federal  and  Democratic,  an  appeal  to  the  good  sense  of 
the  political  parties  of  the  day  to  lay  aside  their  differences 
during  the  pendency  of  the  then  existing  war  with  Great 
Britain  :  this  paper  speedily  passed  through  ten  editions, 
comprising  10,000  copies. 

"  No  publication  has  appeared  since  the  formation  of  the  Ame 
rican  Government  which  contains  such  copious  and  authentic  in 
formation  of  the  state  of  the  country." 

In  1818  appeared  his  Vindicice  Hibernicce :  an  examina 
tion  and  refutation  of  the  charges  against  his  countrymen, 
in  relation  to  the  alleged  butcheries  of  Protestants  in  the 
insurrection  of  1640:  this  work  passed  through  several 
editions.  In  1820  he  gave  to  the  world  The  New  Olive 
Branch,  and  in  1822  Essays  on  Political  Economy,  both 
advocating  the  policy  of  protection  to  domestic  manufac 
tures.  It  is  worthy  of  remark  that  it  is  in  this  particular 
department — the  science  of  Political  Economy — that  one 
of  Mr.  Carey's  sons  (see  article  HENRY  C.  CAREY)  has  be 
come  so  conspicuous  a  labourer.  Mathew  Carey  also  pub. 
a  volume  of  Miscellaneous  Essays.  As  the  most  eminent 
publisher  in  the  United  States,  he  contributed  largely  to 
the  dissemination  of  sound  intelligence  amidst  a  popula 
tion  too  much  occupied  with  the  material  cares  of  life  to 
be  properly  attentive  to  intellectual  culture.  Our  limited 
space  prevents  more  than  a  passing  notice  of  Mr.  Carey's 
zealous  efforts  on  behalf  of  the  helpless  and  afflicted— of 
his  persevering  labours  in  the  promotion  of  public  improve 
ments  and  private  happiness.  "We  could  say  nothing  so 
much  to  the  purpose  as  is  contained  in  the  following  ex 
tract  from  a  letter  to  the  late  Joseph  Reed,  Esq.,  of  Phi 
ladelphia,  (son  of  President  Reed,)  from  the  late  John 
Sergeant,  Esq.,  long  one  of  the  most  eminent  statesmen  of 
the  United  States : 

"  Mr.  Carey— a  man  to  whom  we  are  all  a  great  deal  more  in 
debted  than  we  are  aware  of.  and  who  is  entitled  to  respect  and 
regard  for  the  generosity  of  his  nature,  the  extent  and  variety  of 
nis  knowledge,  and  his  devoted  and  disinterested  exertions  in" the 
public  service.  He  has  given  more  time,  money,  and  labour  to 
the  public  than  any  man  I  am  acquainted  with.  and.  in  truth, 
has  founded  in  Philadelphia  a  school  of  public  spirit.  This  is  bare 
justice  to  an  excellent  citizen,  to  whom  also  I  am  free  to  acknow 
ledge  my  own  particular  obligations  for  his  uniform  friendship."— 
JJexiw,  April  19,  1827. 

The  citizens  of  the  United  States  will  ever  owe  to  Mr. 
Carey's  memory  a  debt  of  gratitude  for  his  invaluable 
labours  as  a  citizen,  a  politician,  and  a  philanthropist. 

Carey,  Patrick.  Trivial  Poems  and  Triolets;  edited 
by  Walter  Scott,  Edin.,  1820,  4to,  from  the  original  MS. 

'•  These  poems  were  previously  printed,  of  which  Sir  Walter 
Scott  was  not  aware." — LOWVDES. 

Carey,  Phoebe,  sister  of  Alice  Carey,  b.  1825,  has 
pub.,  in  addition  to  Poems  by  Alice  and  Phoebe  Carey, 
Poems  and  Parodies,  1854.  See  CAREY,  ALICE. 

"  A  vein  of  tender  and  graceful  religious  sentiment  pervades 
her  more  serious  compositions,  and  her  Parodies  comprise  some  of  ! 
the  cleverest  humorous  verse  produced  in  this  country."— R.  W. 
GRISWOLD. 

Carey,  or  Cary,  Robert,  first  Earl  of  Monmouth, 
b.  1559  or  1560,  d.  1639,  a  near  relation  of  Queen  Eliza 
beth,  and  father  of  Henry  Carey,  second  Earl  of  Monmouth, 
left  MS.  memoirs  of  his  own  life,  which  were  lent  by  Lady 
Elizabeth  Spelman  to  JOHN,  EARL  OP  CORK  AND  ORRERY,  i 
(q.  v.)  who  transcribed  them  with  his  own  hand,  and  pub.  ' 
them  in  1759,  8vo.     They  contain  some  curious  particulars  ! 
of  the  secret  history  of  the  Elizabethan  period.  Horace  Wai- 
pole,  who  recommended  their  publication,  is  complimented  ' 
by  the  Earl  of  Cork  as  exhibiting  (in  his  Royal  and  Noble  : 
Authors) 

"  So  spirited  a  manner  of  writing,  that  he  has  given  wit  even  to  \ 
ft  Dictionary,  and  vivacity  to  a  catalogue  of  names." 


Carey,  Walter.     See  CARYE. 

Carey,  William.  Stranger's  Guide  through  Lon 
don,  1808,  18mo. 

Carey,  William,  D.D.     Sermon,  1809,  4to. 

Carey,  William,  D.D.,  1761-1834,  missionary  to 
Bengal,  and  Professor  of  Oriental  Languages  in  the  Col 
lege  of  Fort  William.  He  pub.  a  number  of  philological 
works  in  Bengalee,  Bhotanta,  Ac.,  and  assisted  in  the  pre 
paration  of  many  more  issued  from  the  Serampore  press. 
He  was  the  principal  founder  of  the  Serampore  mission. 
1.  Sanscrit  Grammar,  4to,  pp.  1000.  2.  Bengalee-and- 
English  Dictionary,  1815-25,  3  vols.  4to.  3.  Abridgment 
of  do.  by  Dr.  Marshman,  under  the  supervision  of  Dr. 
Carey,  1827,  8vo.  See  Memoir  by  Rev.  Eustace  Carey, 
Lon.,  1836;  Remarks  on  the  Character  and  Labours  of 
Dr.  Carey,  by  H.  H.  Wilson ;  Life  by  Dr.  Jos.  Belcher, 
Phila.,  1856,  12mo. 

Carey,  William  Paulett,  1768-1839,  a  native  of 
Ireland,  brother  of  John  and  Mathew  Carey,  (ante,)  took 
part  in  the  struggle  of  1798,  and,  subsequently  removing 
to  England,  distinguished  himself  as  an  eloquent  advocate 
of  art,  artists,  and  political  reform,  and  as  the  author  of 
many  critical  and  poetical  contributions  to  the  periodicals 
of  the  day.  Among  those  on  whose  behalf  his  pen  was 
early  enlisted  may  be  mentioned  Chantrey,  Hogan,  Gib 
son,  and  James  Montgomery. 

Carie,  Walter.     See  CARYE. 

Carier,  Benj.,  D.D.  A  Missive  to  K.  James,  Paris, 
1649,  8vo :  his  "motives  for  conversion  to  the  Catholic 
Religion,"  Ac. 

Carion,  John.  The  Thre  Bokes  of  Cronicles,  which 
John  Carion  (a  man  singularly  well  seen  in  the  Mathema- 
tycal  Sciences)  gathered,  with  great  diligence,  of  the  best 
authors  that  have  written  in  Hebrew,  Greek,  and  Latine, 
Ac.  With  this  was  printed  (written  by  John  Funche,  a 
Lutheran  divine  of  Nuremburg)  An  Appendix  to  the  Thre 
Bokes  of  Cronicles;  gathered  by  John  Carion;  conteyn- 
ing  all  such  notable  thynges  as  be  mentyoned  in  the  Cro- 
nicies,  to  have  chaunced  in  sundry  partes  of  the  worlde, 
from  the  yeare  of  Christ,  1532,  to  thys  present  yeare  of 
1550.  Both  pub.  in  one  4to  vol.,  in  1550,  by  W.  Lynne. 
See  Watt's  Bibl.  Brit,  and  Lowndes's  Bibl.  Manual. 

Carkeet,  Samuel.  Gospel  Worthies:  Serm.,  1719,8vo. 

Carkesse,  Chas.    Tonnage  and  Poundage,  1782,  fol. 

Carkesse,  James.  Lucida  Intervalla,  Lon.,  1679, 4to. 

Carlell,  Lodowicke.  Deserving  Favourite ;  T.  C., 
1629,  4tQ.  Passionate  Lovers;  T.  C.,  1665,  4to.  Other 
plays. 

Carleton.  Darkness  of  Atheism  dispelled  by  the  Light 
of  Nature,  1652,  4to.  Written  by  WALTER  CHARLETON. 
M.D.,  q.  v. 

Carleton,  Captain.  Hyde  Marston,  or  a  Sports 
man's  Life,  Lon.,  1844,  3  vols.  p.  8vo. 

"  A  large  proportion  of  the  scenes  are  actual  transcripts  from 
the  reality,  and  it  is  equally  certain  that  many  of  the  characters 
are  drawn  from  originals." — Lon.  New  Monthly  ALtg. 

Recreations  in  Shooting,  with  some  Account  of  the 
Game  of  the  British  Islands,  1846,  p.  8vo. 

Carleton,  Sir  Dudley,  Lord  Dorchester,  1573- 
1631,  an  eminent  statesman,  was  educated  at  Westmin 
ster,  and  at  Christ  Church,  Oxford.  Letters  from  and  to 
him  during  his  Embassy  in  Holland,  edited  and  pub.  by 
the  Earl  of  Hardwicke,  Lon.,  1757,  4to;  with  additions  to 
the  Hist.  Preface,  1775,  4to;  1780.  His  lordship  was  the 
author  of  some  political  tracts,  and  some  of  his  speeches 
will  be  found  in  Rushworth's  Collection. 

"  King  Charles  used  to  say  that  he  had  two  Secretaries  of  State, 
the  Lords  Dorchester  and  Falkland;  one  of  whom  was  a  dull  man 
in  comparison  with  the  other,  and  yet  pleased  him  the  best;  for 
he  always  brought  him  his  own  thoughts  in  his  own  words;  the 
latter  [Falkland]  cloathed  them  in  so  fine  a  dress,  that  he  did  not 
always  know  them  again."— Sir  P.  Warwick's  Memoirs. 

Carleton,  George,  D.D.,  d.  1628,  born  at  Norham, 
Northumberland,  sent  by  Bernard  Gilpin  to  Edmund  Hall, 
Oxford,  1576;  Bishop  of  Llandaff,  1618;  translated  to 
Chichester,  1619.  Heroici  Characteres  carmine,  Oxon., 
1603,  4to.  Tithes,  Lon.,  1606,  4to.  On  Jurisdiction,  Re 
gal,  Episcopal,  and  Papal,  Lon.,  1610,  4to.  Concensus 
Ecclesiae  Catholicae,  Ac.,  Francf.,  1613,  8vo.  A  Thankful 
Remembrance  of  God's  Mercy  in  the  Deliverances  of  his 
Church  temp.  Eliz.  and  James  I.,  Lon.,  1614,  4to.  Trea 
tises  against  Judicial  Astrology,  Lon.,  1624.  Thirteen 
Sermons,  1736,  8vo.  Other  works. 

"Whom  I  have  loved  in  regard  of  his  singular  knowledge  in 
divinity,  which  he  professeth;  and  in  other  more  delightful  litera 
ture,  and  am  loved  again  of  him."— CAMDEN. 

"  His  good  affections  appear  in  his  treatise,  entituled  A  Thank- 
ful  remembrance  of  God's  mercy ;  solid  judgment,  in  his  Confu 
tation  of  Judicial  Astrology;  and  clear  invention,  in  other  juve- 

341 


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nile  exercises.    Indeed,  when  young,  he  was  grave  in  his  manners ;  |  the  English  Bards  and  Scotch  Reviewers  we  find  the  no- 
go  when  old  he  was  youthful  in  his  parts,  even  unto  his  death." —  i  ble  earl  thus  unceremoniously  impaled  with  a  crowd  of 


Fuller's  Worthies. 

Carleton,  Captain  George.  Memoirs  of  an  Eng 
lish  Officer,  Lon.,  1728,  8vo.  His  Memoirs,  Edin.,  1808, 
8vo ;  pub.  in  1743.  Carleton's  Memoirs  have  been  attri 
buted  to  Daniel  De  Foe  and  also  to  Dean  Swift. 

"  LORD  ELIOT  :  '  The  best  account  of  Lord  Peterborough  that  I 
have  happened  to  meet  with  is  in  Captain  Carleton's  Memoirs.' 
Johnson  said  he  had  never  heard  of  the  book.  Lord  Eliot  sent  it 
to  him.  Johnson  was  about  going  to  bed  when  it  came,  but  sat 
up  till  he  had  read  it  through;  and  remarked  to  Sir  Joshua  Rey 
nolds,  '  I  did  not  think  a  young  lord  could  have  mentioned  to  me 
a  book  in  the  English  history  that  was  not  known  to  me.'  "—Bos- 
welVs  Johnson. 

Carleton,  Lancelot.  Letter  to  Rev.  J.  Stade,  Read., 
1727. 

Carleton,  Thomas  Compton.  Philosophia  Uni- 
versa,  Antw.,  1649.  Theologia  Scholastica,  Leod.,  1659- 
64,  2  vols.  fol. 

Carleton,  William,  M.D.  The  Immortality  of  the 
Human  Soul  demonstrated  by  the  Light  of  Nature,  1699,4to. 
Carleton,  William,  b.  at  Clogher,  Tyrone,  Ireland, 
in  1798,  was  for  some  time  tutor  in  a  village  school.  He 
resolved  to  try  his  fortune  in  Dublin,  and  in  1830  pub. 
(anon.)  Traits  and  Stories  of  the  Irish  Peasantry,  2  vols. 
8vo.  Their  great  merit  insured  their  immediate  success. 
A  second  series  was  pub.  in  1832.  In  1839  appeared  Far- 
dorougha,  the  Miser,  or  the  Convicts  of  Lisnamona.  In 
1841  he  pub.  The  Fawn  of  Spring  Vale,  The  Clarionet, 
and  other  Tales,  3  vols.  p.  8vo.  Mr.  C.  has  also  pub.  Va 
lentine  McClutchy,  1845,  3  vols.  p.  8vo.  Willey  Reilly, 
1855,  3  vols.  p.  8vo,  and  other  works.  Perhaps  no  Irish 
author  was  ever  more  successful  with  the  acknowledged 
readers  of  criticism -than  Mr.  Carleton  has  been.  He  now 
enjoys  a  pension  of  £200,  and  is  residing  near  Dublin. 

"SHEPHERD.  'What  sort  o'  vols.  are  the  Traits  and  Stories  of 
Irish  Peasantry,  published  by  Curry  &  Co.,  in  Dublin  ?' 

"  NORTH.  '  Admirable,  truly !  intensely  Irish.  Never  were  that 
wild,  imaginative  people  better  described ;  and,  amongst  all  the 
fun,  frolic, .  and  folly,  there  is  no  want  of  poetry,  pathos,  and 
passion.' " — Blackw.  Mag. 

"  Mr.  Carleton  has  caught  most  accurately  the  lights  and  shades 

of  Irish  life.    His  tales  are  full  of  vigorous,  picturesque  description 

and'genuine  pathos.  They  may  be  referred  to  as  furnishing  a  very 

correct  portrait  of  the  Irish  peasantry."— Lon.  Quar.  Rev.,  Oct.  1841. 

Carliell,  Robert.    Britain's  Glorie,  Lon.,  1619,  8vo. 

"  To  all  vertvovs  Nobilitie,  Reuerend  Clergie,  and  well-affected 

Gentrie." 

Bibl.  Anglo-Poet.,  147,  £2  2s.     It  is  in  verse  and  prose. 

Carlile,  James,  D.D.    A  Manual  of  the  Anatomy 

and  Physiology  of  the  Human  Mind.    The  Use  and  Abuse 

of  Creeds   and  Confessions  of  Faith,    DnbL,    1836,  8vo. 

Other  works. 

Carlisle,  Sir  Anthony,  1768-1840,  a  distinguished 
gurgeon  and  physiologist.  Disorders  of  Old  Age,  1817, 
4to;  2d  ed.,  1818,  8vo.  Alleged  Discovery  of  the  Use  of 
the  Spleen  and  Thyroid  Gland,  1829.  For  a  list  of  his 
valuable  med.  and  hot.  contrib.,  see  Eng.  Cyc.,  Div.  Biog., 
vol.  ii. 

Carlisle,  Charles  Howard,  3d  Earl  of,  d.  1738, 
is  worthy  of  mention  among  the  Noble  Authors  for  his 
excellent  poetical  address  inscribed  "To  MY  SON,  LORD 
MORPETH."  Horace  Walpole  remarks,  (referring  to  the  5th 
Earl,  vide  post:) 

"The  present  Earl  of  Carlisle  is  his  grandson,  and  may  boast  a 
more  copious  and  correct  vein  of  poetry,  but  cannot  surpass  in 
moral  observation  or  physical  truth,  the  force  of  the  precepts, 
directed  to  the  author's  eldest  son  a  short  time  before  his  own  de 
cease.  A  character  is  said  to  have  been  given  of  him  [the  father] 
in  the  Political  State  of  Europe;  but  I  have  sought  without  suc 
cess  for  the  publication  so  entitled." — Royal  and  Noble  Authors. 

Carlisle,  or  Carlile,  Christopher.  Theolog.  Dis 
course,  1582. 

Carlisle,  Rev.  D.  Roman  Antiquitiesjv.  Archaeol., 
1794. 

Carlisle,  Frederick  Howard,  5th  Earl  of,  1748- 
1825,  Viceroy  of  Ireland,  a  distinguished  statesman,  is 
entitled  to  a  very  respectable  rank  as  an  author.  Poems, 
1773,  4to.  The  Father's  Revenge ;  a  Tragedy,  and  other 
Poems.  Letter  to  Earl  Fitzwilliam,  Dubl.  and  Lon.,  1794, 
8vo.  Unite  or  Fall,  Lon.,  1798,  12mo.  The  Step-Mother  ; 
a  Tragedy,  1800,  8vo.  Tragedies  and  Poems,  1801,  8vo. 
Verses  on  the  Death  of  Lord  Nelson,  1806.  Thoughts  on 
the  Stage,  anon.,  1808,  8vo. 

A  criticism  (highly  laudatory)  by  Dr.  Johnson  upon  the 
Father's  Revenge  will  be  found  in  a  letter  to  Mrs.  Chapone. 
See  Boswell's  Johnson. 

In  the  Hours  of  Idleness,  pub.  1808,  Lord  Byron  refers 

to  his  relative's  works  as  having  long  received  the  meed 

of  public  applause  to  which,  by  their  intrinsic  worth,  they 

were  entitled;  but  in  revenge  for  an  imagined  slight,  in 

JW2 


unhappy  authors. 

"Let  Stott.  Carlisle,  Matilda,  and  the  rest 
Of  Grub-street  and  the  Grosvenor-Place  the  best, 
Scrawl  on,  till  death  release  us  from  the  strain, 
Or  common  sense  assert  her  rights  again." 

To  this  disrespectful  mention  is  appended  a  more  disre 
spectful  note,  of  which  as  the  critic  repented  and  apologizes 
in  Childe  Harold— 

"  And  partly  that  I  did  thy  sire  some  wrong" — 
we  shall  take  no  further  notice. 

Carlisle,  George,  M.D.    Con.  to  Phil.  Trans.,  1766. 

Carlisle,  George  William  Frederick  Howard, 
the  present  Earl  of  Carlisle,  b.  1802,  is  well  known  as  a 
man  of  letters.  His  lordship  a  few  years  ago  travelled  in 
America,  and  on  his  return  communicated  the  results  of  his 
observations  in  1850,  in  a  lecture  delivered  before  the  Me 
chanics'  Institute  at  Leeds.  Some  of  his  comments  have 
found  their  way  into  the  journals.  His  lordship  also  de 
livered  before  the  same  excellent  institution  a  lecture  upon 
the  Life  and  Writings  of  Pope.  In  1854  he  published  A 
Diary  in  Turkish  and  Greek  Waters,  p.  8vo ;  Amer.  ed., 
edited,  with  Notes,  by  Prof.  C.  C.  Felton,  Bost.,  1855, 12mo. 
"  An  unpretending  volume,  which  bears  on  every  page  evidence 
of  the  wise  and  tolerant  spirit,  the  various  scholarship,  and  the 
sensibility  to<  the  beautiful  so  characteristic  of  its  noble  author. 
.  .  .  The  account  of  Malta  is  not  the  least  attractive  portion  of  this 
charming  work,  to  which  Felton's  notes  have  given  additional 
value."— WM.  H.  PRESCOTT  :  Philip  the  Second,  1856,  i.  392,  n.,  501,  n. 

See  also  a  review  of  the  Diary  in  Turkish  and  Greek 
Waters,  in  N.  Amer.  Rev.,  Ixxxi.  91-112,  July,  1855. 

The  Second  Vision  of  Daniel :  a  Paraphrase  in  Verse, 
1858.  See  Lon.  Athen.,  1858,  110. 

Carlisle,  Isabella  Byron,  Countess  of,  1721- 
1795,  daughter  of  William,  5th  Lord  Byron,  married  in 
1743,  Henry,  4th  Earl  of  Carlisle,  by  whom  she  had  Frede 
rick  Howard,  5th  Earl  of  Carlisle.  A  volume  on  the  Edu 
cation  of  Youth,  and  a  poem  in  Pearch's  Collection  entitled 
The  Fairy's  Answer  to  Mrs.  Greville's  Prayer  for  Indiffer 
ence,  have  been  ascribed  to  her  ladyship. 

Carlisle,  James.  The  Fortune  Hunters;  a  Comedy, 
Lon.,  1689,  4to. 

Carlisle,  James,  Jr.  Letters  on  the  Divine  Origin 
and  Authenticity  of  the  Holy  Scriptures,  Lon.,  1833,  2 
vols.  12mo. 

"Indicative  of  sound  judgment,  correct  taste,  and  respectable 
acquirement." — LOWNDES. 

Carlisle,  Nicholas.  Topographical  Dictionary  of 
England,  1808,  2  vols.  4to;  of  Wales,  1811,  4to;  of  Scot 
land  and  the  Islands  in  the  British  Seas,  1813,  2  vols.  4to; 
of  Ireland,  1810,  4to. 

"  If  ever  there  was  a  book  indispensable  for  reference  to  a  vast 
variety  of  persons,  it  is  this,  which  bears  at  the  same  time  every 
mark  of  the  utmost  accuracy." — British  Critic. 

Carlos,  James.     Serm.,  1773,  4to. 

Carlton,  Osgood,  of  Massachusetts,  d.  1816,  pub.  a 
number  of  Maps  and  works  on  Navigation,  1801-10. 

Carlyle,Alex.,D.D.,Edin.,1721-1805.  Serm.,1779-94. 

Carlyle,  Joseph  Dacre,  1759-1804,  Prof,  of  Arabic, 
Cambridge.  Specimens  of  Arabic  Poetry,  Camb.,  1796, 
4to;  1810,  r.  8vo.  Poems,  1805,  4to. 

"  For  many  elegant  poems,  also,  we  are  highly  indebted  to  Pro 
fessor  Carlyle.  As  beautiful  and  exquisitely  finished  pieces,  they 
are  entitled  to  warm  commendation." — Drake's  Literary  Hours. 

This  eminent  Orientalist  pub.  some  other  works. 

Carlyle,  Robert.     De  Vaux;  a  Poem,  1818,  8vo. 

Carlyle,  Thomas,  the  "  Censor  of  the  age,"  was  born 
in  1795  at  Ecclefechan,  in  Dumfriesshire.  His  father,  an 
agriculturist,  was  noted  for  quickness  of  mental  percep 
tions,  and  great  energy  and  decision  of  character.  After 
preliminary  instruction  at  a  school  at  Annan,  Thomas  was 
sent  in  1810  to  the  University  of  Edinburgh,  where  he  re 
mained  for  seven  or  eight  years,  distinguishing  himself  by 
devotion  to  mathematical  studies  then  taught  there  by 
Leslie.  He  seems  at  this  period  to  have  designed  entering 
the  ministry,  but  the  idea  was  abandoned.  For  about  two 
years  he  taught  mathematics  at  a  school  in  Fife ;  on  relin 
quishing  this  post,  he  devoted  himself  in  1823  to  literature 
as  a  profession.  In  1824  he  contributed  to  Brewster's  Edin 
burgh  Encyclopaedia  the  articles  "Montesquieu,"  "Mon 
taigne,"  "Nelson,"  "Norfolk,"  and  those  on  the  two  "Pitts;" 
to  the  New  Edinburgh  Review,  an  Essay  on  Joanna  Bail- 
lie's  Plays  of  the  Passions.  In  the  same  year  he  completed 
a  translation  of  Legendre's  Geometry,  to  which  he  pre 
fixed  an  Essay  on  Proportion,  and  also  pub.  his  trans,  of 
Goethe's  Wilhelm  Meister,  "  a  work  which  betrayed  a  di 
rection  of  reading  destined  to  influence  materially  his  fu 
ture  career."  After  completing  his  trans.,  he  commenced 


CAR 

his  Life  of  Schiller,  which  was  pub.  in  numbers  in  the 
London  Magazine.— Men  of  the  Time,  Lon.,  1853. 

The  life  of  Schiller  was  highly  commended : 

«  Schiller  was  one  of  the  great  men  of  his  age,  and  Carlyle  has 
jriven  evidence  in  this  book  of  a  critical  insight  into  his  character, 
both  as  a  man  and  a  writer.  His  analysis  of  the  works  of  Schiller, 
and  his  critical  observations,  are  deeply  interesting  and  instructive. 
The  book  will  be  read  with  pleasure  and  profit."— Lon.  .Examiner. 

About  1826  Mr.  Carlyle  married,  and  resided  alternately 
at  Comely  Bank  and  Craigenputtoch,  in  an  estate  in  Dum 
friesshire.  The  reader  will  find  an  interesting  account  of 
his  manner  of  life  in  the  letters  to  Goethe,  in  the  corre 
spondence  of  the  great  German  bard. 

"  Two  ponies  which  carry  us  everywhere,  and  the  mountain  air, 
are  the  best  medicines  for  weak  nerves.  This  daily  exercise,  to 
which  I  am  much  devoted,  is  my  only  dissipation ;  for  this  nook 
of  ours  rCrai"enputtoch]  is  the  loneliest  in  Britain— six  miles  re- 
moved  from  every  one  who  in  any  case  might  visit  me.  Here 
Rousseau  would  have  been  as  happy  as  on  his  island  of  St.  Pierre." 

In  his  rural  quietude  Mr.  Carlyle  was  a  contributor  to 
the  Foreign  Review  and  other  periodicals,  and  composed 
his  Sartor  Resartus,  which  was  pub.  in  Fraser's  Magazine 
on  Mr.  Carlyle's  return  to  London,  which  occurred  in  1830. 
It  appeared  in  book  form  in  1834,  "  reprinted  for  friends," 
and  in  1836 ;  again  in  1841. 

"  The  work  is  a  sort  of  philosophical  romance,  in  which  the  author 
undertakes  to  give,  in  the  form  of  a  review  of  a  German  treatise 
on  dress,  and  a  notice  of  the  life  of  the  writer,  his  own  opinions 
upon  Matters  and  Things  in  General.  The  hero,  Professor  Teufels- 
droeckh,  seems  to  be  intended  for  a  portrait  of  human  nature  as 
affected  by  the  moral  influence  to  which,  in  the  present  state  of 

society,  a  cultivated  mind  is  naturally  exposed The  volume 

contains,  under  a  quaint  and  singular  form,  a  great  deal  of  deep 

thought,  sound  principle,  and  fine  writing The  only  thing 

about  the  work,  tending  to  prove  that  it  is  what  it  purports  to  be, 
a  commentary  on  a  real  German  treatise,  is  the  style,  which  is  a 
sort  of  Babylonish  dialect,  not  destitute,  it  is  true,  of  richness, 
vigour,  and  at  times  a  sort  of  felicity  of  expression,  but  very  strongly 
tinged  throughout  with  the  peculiar  idiom  of  the  German  language. 
This  quality  in  the  style,  however,  may  be  a  mere  result  of  a  great 
familiarity  with  German  literature,  and  we  cannot,  therefore,  look 
upon  it  as  in  itself  decisive,  still  less  as  outweighing  so  much  evi 
dence  of  an  opposite  character.  ...  It  is,  we  believe,  no  secret  in 
England  or  here,  that  it  is  the  work  of  a  person  to  whom  the  public 
is  indebted  for  a  mimber  of  articles  in  the  late  British  Reviews, 
which  have  attracted  great  attention  by  the  singularity  of  their 
style,  and  the  richness  and  depth  of  their  matter.  Among  those 
may  be  mentioned  particularly  those  on  Characteristics  and  the 
Life  of  Burns  in  the  Edinburgh  Review,  and  on  Goethe  in  the  Fo 
reign  Quarterly.  .  .  .  We  take  pleasure  in  introducing  to  the  Ame 
rican  public  a  writer,  whose  name  is  yet  in  a  great  measure  un 
known  among  us,  but  who  is  destined,  we  think,  to  occupy  a  large 
space  in  the  literary  world.  We  have  heard  it  insinuated  that  Mr. 
Carlyle  has  it  in  contemplation  to  visit  this  country,  and  we  can 
venture  to  assure  him,  that,  should  he  carry  this  intention  into 
effect,  he  will  meet  with  a  cordial  welcome." — ALEXANDER  H.  EVE 
RETT  :  JV.  Amer.  Review,  xli.  454, 1835. 

In  1837  he  pub.  The  French  Revolution,  3  vols.  c.  Svo: 
vol.  i.,  The  Bastile  :  vol.  ii.,  The  Constitution  :  vol.  iii..  The 
Guillotine.  This  work  produced  a  profound  impression 
upon  the  public  mind. 

"  No  work  of  greater  genius,  either  historical  or  poetical,  has 
been  produced  in  this  country  for  many  years.  A  more  pains 
taking  or  accurate  investigator  of  facts  and  testimonies  never 
wielded  the  historical  pen." —  Westminster  Review. 

"  Let  a  man  who  would  exhibit  the  frightful  drama  of  the  French 
Revolution  for  the  benefit  of  his  reader,  place  the  reader  before  its 
scenes,  and  leave  him  to  himself— as  most  men,  in  going  through  an 
interesting  building,  long  to  be  left  alone  and  not  be  troubled  with 
the  impertinence  of  a  guide.  The  scenes  themselves  are  already 
there — not  painted  or  described  as  by  a  spectator,  but  existing  un 
intentionally  in  the  records  of  the  times.  Few  things,  perhaps, 
would  do  more  to  arrest  our  present  headlong  course  of  license. 
No  highly-wrought  language  would  be  required,  or  any  language 
but  that  employed  by  the  actors  themselves.  The  most  graphic 
portions  of  Mr.  Carlyle's  work  are  those  in  which  he  has  most 
closely  transcribed  from  these  sources ;  and  in  other  parts  we  think 
he  has  failed  to  convey  not  only  a  correct  philosophical  view  of  the 
history,  but  even  clear,  vivid  pictures  of  fact." — Lon.  Quarterly 
Review,  Ixvi.  457. 

"  After  perusing  the  whole  of  this  extraordinary  work,  we  can 
allow,  almost  to  their  fullest  extent,  the  high  qualities  with  which 
Mr.  Carlyle's  idolaters  endow  him." — Lon.  Times. 

"  This  is  one  of  the  few  books  of  our  time  that  are  likely  to  live 
for  some  generations  beyond  it.  Some  years  will  pass  before  these 
volumes  begin  to  be  generally  relished;  but  relished  they  will  be, 
and  that  thoroughly,  sooner  or  later." — Lon.  Examiner. 

"  There  is  no  account  of  the  French  Revolution  that  can  be  in 
the  slightest  degree  compared  with  this  for  intensity  of  feeling 
and  profoundness  of  thought." — Lon.  Monthly  Repository. 

"  It  would  be  an  interesting  book  if  well  translated  into  Eng 
lish." 

In  1839  appeared  Chartism;  2d  edit.,  1840,  p.  Svo. 
See  a  Review  of  this  work  in  the  British  and  Foreign  Re 
view,  xi.  1 ;  also  articles  on  Chartism  in  vol.  xii.  303,  and 
in  Blackwood's  Mag.,  xlvi.  289.  His  Six  Lectures  on  He 
roes,  Hero-Worship,  and  the  Heroic  in  History,  delivered 
in  London  in  1840,  were  pub.  in  1841,  and  4th  edit,  in 
1852,  12mo.  In  1843  Mr.  C.  pub.  his  Past  and  Present, 
p.  Svo. 


CAR 

"  Past  and  Present  has  not,  and  could  not  have,  the  same  wild 
power  which  Sartor  Resartus  possessed,  in  our  opinion,  over  the 
feelings  of  the  reader;  but  it  contains  passages  which  look  the 
same  way,  and  breathe  the  same  spirit." — Blackwood's  Mag.,  liv.  138. 

Mr.  C.'s  Critical  and  Miscellaneous  Essays  have  been 
collected,  and  the  3d  edit,  was  pub.  in  London  in  1847,  4 
vols.  p.  8vo.  They  have  also  been  pub.  in  America.  See 
a  review  in  Brit.  Quart.  Rev.,  ii.  297.  In  the  same  year 
appeared  the  2d  edit  of  the  Letters  and  Speeches  of  Oliver 
Cromwell.  Mr.  Carlyle's  Latter  Day  Pamphlets,  Nos.  1, 
2,  3,  and  4,  were  pub.  in  1850,  p.  8vo  :  the  life  of  his  friend, 
John  Sterling,  pub.  in  1851.  The  3d  ed.  of  The  French 
Revolution  was  pub.  in  1856-57,  3  vols.  p.  8vo ;  3d  ed.  of 
Cromwell's  Letters  and  Speeches,  1857,  3  vols.  p.  8vo ;  4th 
ed.  of  Essays,  1857,  4  vols.  p.  8vo ;  Lives  of  Schiller  and 
Sterling,  1857,  p.  8vo,  (vol.  vi.  of  collective  ed.  of  Car 
lyle's  works.)  The  Life  of  Frederick  the  Great,  Lon.  and 
New  York,  1858,  2  vols.  8vo.  A  critic  remarks,  "The 
work  is  thoroughly  Carlylish,  and  worthy  of  the  author. 
It  has  long  been  announced  that  it  was  to  be  the  work  of 
his  life." 

"  Few  writers  of  the  present  time  have  risen  more  rapidly  into 
popularity  than  Mr.  Carlyle,  after  labouring  through  so  long  a  pe 
riod  of  comparative  neglect.  Whatever  judgment  critics  may  be 
pleased  to  pass  on  him,  it  is  certain  that  his  works  have  attracted 
of  late  no  common  share  of  attention."— Edinburgh  Review. 

We  have  quoted  some  highly  commendatory  notices  of 
Mr.  Carlyle  as  an  author ;  but  by  many  critics  the  pecu 
liarities  of  his  style  have  been  severely  censured,  and  the 
value  of  his  speculations  greatly  doubted. 

"  Mr.  Carlyle  has  disdained  the  easy-beaten  track,  and  struck 
out  a  new  taste  in  writing,  combining,  we  had  almost  said,  all  pos 
sible  faults,  and  yet  not  unlikely  to  become  popular.  ...  It  is  la 
mentable  to  see  that  Mr.  Carlyle's  early  writings,  in  which  there 
is  far  the  most  truth  and  genuine  good  sense,  are  the  most  free 
from  his  faults.  They  appear  to  have  gathered  on  him  as  he  ad 
vances.  Is  it  that  he  is  permitting  himself  to  dress  up  his  style 
like  a  mountebank  to  attract  popular  wonderment,  which  we  have 
too  good  an  opinion  of  him  to  believe?  Or  is  it  that  his  mind  it 
self,  as  we  fear,  is  becoming  embarrassed  and  perplexed  with  the 
speculations  into  which  he  is  falling,  and  in  which  he  evidently 
is  struggling  about  like  a  man  sinking  in  the  water,  and  just  be 
ginning  to  suspect  that  he  is  out  of  his  depth  ?  Some  of  his  early 
writings  are  very  pleasing  in  their  language,  as  in  their  sentiments. 
(See,  for  example,  his  paper  on  Boswell,  Miscellanies,  vol.  iii.  114; 
but  his  Life  of  Schiller  appears  to  us  in  point  of  style  by  far  the 
best  of  them  all.  Note.)  In  his  last  works,  the  Sartor  Resartus, 
and  Chartism,  he  runs  wild  in  distortions  and  extravagancies." — 
Lon.  Quarterly  Review,  Ixvi.  1840. 

"  Mr.  Carlyle — an  astute  and  trenchant  critic  might,  with  show 
of  justice,  remark — assumes  to  be  the  reformer  and  castigator  of 
his  age— a  reformer  in  philosophy,  in  politics,  and  religion— de 
nouncing  its  mechanical  method  of  thinking,  deploring  its  utter 
want  of  faith,  and  threatening  political  society,  obstinately  deaf 
to  the  voice  of  wisdom,  with  the  retributive  horrors  of  repeated 
revolutions;  and  yet  neither  in  philosophy,  in  religion,  nor  in 
politics,  has  Mr.  Carlyle  any  distinct  dogma,  creed,  or  constitution 
to  promulgate.  .  .  .  He  is  any  thing  but  a  man  of  practical  ability. 
Setting  aside  his  style  for  the  present,  let  us  see  whether  he  has 
ever,  in  the  course  of  his  life,  thrown  out  a  single  hint  which 
could  be  useful  to  his  own  generation,  or  profitable  to  those  who 
may  come  after.  If  he  could  originate  any  such  hint,  he  does  not 
possess  the  power  of  embodying  it  in  distinct  language.  He  has 
written  a  History  of  the  French  Revolution,  a  pamphlet  on  Chart 
ism,  a  work  on  Heroes  and  Hero-worship,  and  a  sort  of  political 
treatise  entitled  Past  and  Present.  Can  any  living  man  point  to  a 
single  practical  passage  in  any  of  these  volumes  ?  If  not,  what  is 
the  real  value  of  Mr.  Carlyle's  writings?  What  is  Mr.  Carlyle 
himself  but  a  Phantasm  of  the  species  he  is  pleased  to  denounce." 
— Blackwood's  Mag.,  liv.  1843;  Ixvii.  1850. 

See  Passages  Selected  from  the  Writings  of  Thomas 
Carlyle,  by  Thomas  Ballantyne,  1855,  p.  8vo. 

Carlyle,  Thomas,  of  the  Scottish  Bar.  The  Moral 
Phenomena  of  Germany ;  2d  edit.,  enlarged,  Lon.,  18mo. 

Carmarthen,  Marquis  of.  Journal  of  his  Brest 
Expedition,  1694,  4to. 

Carmey.     Coins  of  the  Kings  of  Syria,  Lon.,  1761,  fol. 

Carmichael,  A.  N.   Greek  Verbs,  Lon.,  1841,  p.  8vo. 

Carmichael,  Alex.    Mortification  of  Sin,  Ac.,  1677. 

Carmichael,  Andrew.  Con.  to  Trans.  Irish  Acad., 
1811:  on  Habit,  and  the  Invention  of  Writing.  Disquisitions 
on  the  History  and  Metaphysics  of  Scripture,  2  vols.  8vo. 

"  A  very  remarkable  production." — Phrenological  Journal. 

Carmichael,  Frederick,  1708-1751,  Prof,  of  Di 
vinity  in  Marischal  College.  Serms.,  Lon.,  1757,  8vo. 

Carmichael,  James.  Grammatica  Latina  de  Ety- 
mologia,  Carnb.,  1587,  4to. 

Carmichael,  James.  Con.  to  Med.  Com.  and  Ann. 
Med.,  1776-99. 

Carmichael,  James.  Peerage  of  Scotland,  Edin., 
1791,  4to. 

Carmichael,  Richard.    Med.  treatises,  1806-18. 

Carnarvon,  Lord.  Don  Pedro;  a  Tragedy,  Lon., 
8vo.  Moor;  a  Poem,  8vo.  Notes  on  Portugal,  Gallicia, 
Ac.,  p.  8vo. 


CAR 


CAR 


"  Not  only  a  graphic  description  of  the  country,  but  it  relates  a 
series  of  personal  adventures  and  perils  very  unusual  in  modern 
Europe." — Lon.  Quar.  Rev. 

"A  work  of  superior  ability,  interest,  and  value." — U.  Serv.Jour. 

Carne,  John.  Letters  in  the  East,  2  vols. ;  and  Re 
collections  of  Travels  in  Syria  and  Palestine,  Lon.,  1830, 
3  vols.  p.  8vo. 

"  Peculiarly  valuable  by  the  graphic  descriptions,  written  on 
the  spot,  of  the  present  actual  state  of  the  places  which  have  been 
the  theatres  of  the  great  events  recorded  in  the  Bible."— ion.  Actw 
Monthly  Mag.,  1826. 

Syria,  the  Holy  Land,  Asia  Minor,  Ac. ;  illustrated  by 
Bartlett  and  others ;  descriptions  by  J.  C.,  Lon.,  J.838,  2 
vols.  4to. 

"  The  descriptions  are  well  drawn  up  by  Mr.  Carne,  whose  resi 
dence  in  the  East  some  years  since  fitted  him  for  such  an  under 
taking."— T.  H.  HORNE. 

Lives  of  Eminent  Missionaries,  3  vols.  12mo.  Other 
works. 

Carne,  Robert  H.    Two  Covenants,  Lon.,  1828, 8vo. 

Carnett,  P.  P.     Wine-Making,  1814,  8vo. 

Carolan,  Patrick.     Schools  in  Ireland,  1806,  etc. 

Curoll,  William.  Answer  to  Collins's  Essay  con 
cerning  the  use  of  Reason,  Ac.,  Lon.,  1707,  8vo. 

Caron,  R.  P.     Remonstratia  Hibernorum,  1665,  fol. 

Carpenter,  Agricola.  Psevchographica  Anthropo- 
magica ;  or  a  Magical  Description  of  the  Soul,  Lon.,  1652, 
12mo. 

Carpenter,  Benjamin.  Theolog.  and  other  works, 
1789-1814. 

Carpenter,  Daniel.    The  Poor  Laws,  1807,  8vo. 

Carpenter,  Eli  as.  Nocturnal  Alarm,  Lon.,  1803,  8vo. 

Carpenter,  George,  Lord.  Con.  to  Phil.  Trans., 
1738  ;  account  of  a  bullet  lodged  near  the  gullet. 

Carpenter,  Henry.  The  Deputy  Divinity,  Lon., 
1657,  12mo. 

Carpenter,  J.     Merchants'  Accounts,  Lon.,  1632,  fol. 

Carpenter,  J.  Treatise  on  Practical  and  Experi 
mental  Agriculture,  1803,  2  vols.  8vo. 

Carpenter,  Jacobus.  Platonis  cum  Aristotele  in 
Universa  Philosophia  Comparatio,  Paris,  1573,  4to. 

Carpenter,  John,  of  Ricklin,  Essex.  Epicedium  in 
obitum  decide  ratissimi  principis  Guililmi  Glocestrae 
Ducis,  fol. 

Carpenter,  John.  Sorrowfull  Song  for  Sinfull 
Soules,  Lon.,  1586,  8vo.  Theolog.  treatises,  1588-1612. 

"  Going  through  the  courses  of  logic  and  philosophy  for  the 
space  of  four  years  or  more,  with  unwearied  industry." — Athen. 


Carpenter,  Joseph  Edward.  Lays  and  Legends 
of  Fairy  Land,  Ac.,  Lon.,  8vo.  Other  works. 

"  In  the  rank  of  lyric  poets  Mr.  Carpenter  deservedly  holds  a 
high  position." 

Carpenter,  Lant,  LL.D.,  1780-1840,  b.  at  Kidder 
minster,  father  of  Dr.  W.  B.  Carpenter,  the  distinguished 
physiologist,  (q.v.;)  settled  as  Unitarian  minister  at  Exeter 
in  1805 ;  removed  to  Bristol  in  1817.  His  publications, 
including  those  which  were  posthumous,  amount  to  44,  of 
which  we  notice  a  few.  1.  Introduction  to  the  Geography 
of  the  New  Testament,  1805,  12mo.  2.  Unitarianism  the 
Doctrine  of  the  Gospel,  1809,  12mo.  3.  Examination  of 
the  Charges  made  against  Unitarianism,  Ac.  by  Dr.  Magee 
in  his  Discourses  on  Atonement,  Ac.,  1820,  8vo.  4.  Prin 
ciples  of  Education,  Intellectual,  Moral,  and  Physical, 
1820,  8vo. 

"  I  know  of  no  work  more  excellent  or  complete  on  the  subject 
of  education,  in  all  its  parts,  thau  this.  It  is  a  monument  to  the 
Bound,  practical  good  sense,  the  enlarged  views,  the  erudition,  and 
the  piety  of  the  author." — C.  D.  CLEVELAND  :  Eng.  Lit.  IQth  Cent. 

5.  Harmony;  or,  Synoptical  Arrangement  of  the  Gospels, 
1835,  8vo.  6.  Dissertations  on  the  Duration  of  our  Saviour's 
Ministry,  Ac.,  1836,  8vo :  a  reprint  from  Harmony,  Ac. 

"  The  third  dissertation  is  particularly  valuable  and  instructive." 
— T.  H.  HORNE. 

7.  Sermons  on  Practical  Subjects,  1840,  8vo ;  edited  by 
his  Son,  Dr.  W.  B.  Carpenter.  See  Life  of  Dr.  C.  by  his 
Son,  Rev.  Russell  Lant  Carpenter. 

Dr.  C.  pub.  some  other  works. 

Carpenter,  Nathaniel,  a  native  of  Devonshire,  b. 
1588,  d.  according  to  Wood,  1628,  according  to  Fuller,  1635, 
was  educated  at  Edmund  Hall,  Oxford.  Serm.  1612,  8vo. 
Philosophia  Libera,  Ac.,  Francf.,  1621,  8vo ;  with  addits., 
1622,  8vo  ;  Oxf.,  1636,  '75,  8vo.  Memorable  as  one  of  the 
first  attacks  upon  the  Aristotelian  Philosophy.  See  Bruck- 
er's  Hist,  of  Philos.  Geographic  Delineated,  Oxf.,  1625, 
4to ;  with  addits.,  1625,  4to.  See  a  high  encomium  on  De 
vonshire  at  p.  200.  Achitophel ;  Serm.,  1629,  4to.  Serm., 
Oxf.,  1640. 

"  He  was  right-handed  in  the  Cyclopaedia  of  all  arts ;  logic,  wit 
ness  his  Decades  [I'hilosophia.  &c. ;]  mathematics,  expressed  in  the 
book  of  his  Geography ;  and  divinity,  appearing  in  his  excellent 
344 


sermons  called  Achitophel.  As  for  his  Optics,  it  had  been  a  master 
piece  in  that  kind,  iftruly  and  perfectly  printed." — Fuller's  Worthies. 

Carpenter,  Richard,  d.  1627,  battler  in  Exeter  Col 
lege,  Oxford,  1592  j  Fellow,  1596  ;  pub.  serms.,  1612, '16, 
'20,  '23.  One  of  his  discourses  was  pub.  in  1657,  fol. 
Langbaine  erroneously  suggests  the  identity  of  the  author 
with  the  following. 

Carpenter,  Richard,  D.D.,  a  divine  and  poet,  about 
the  middle  of  the  17th  century,  joined  the  Church  of  Rome, 
returned  to  the  Church  of  England,  and  died  a  Roman 
Catholic.  Experience,  History,  and  Divinity,  Lon.,  1642, 
8vo.  Repub.  in  1648  as  The  Downfall  of  Antichrist.  Astro 
logy  Proved  Harmless,  Pious,  Useful ;  a  Serm.,  1663,  4to. 
Rome  in  her  Fruits,  1663,  4to.  The  Pragmatical  Jesuit 
new  Leavened,  4to.  Other  publications. 

"  Those  that  knew  him  have  often  told  me  that  he  was  an  im 
pudent,  fantastical  man,  that  changed  his  mind  with  his  cloaths, 
and  that  for  his  juggles  and  tricks  in  matters  of  religion  he  waa 
esteemed  a  theological  mountebank." — Athen.  Oxon. 

Carpenter,  Samuel.    Election  for  Saltash,  1808. 

Carpenter,  Stephen  Cullen,  d.  about  1820,  a  na 
tive  of  Great  Britain,  and  settled  in  the  U.  States  in  1803, 
where  he  soon  united  with  J.  Bristed  as  co-editor  of  the 
U.S.  Magazine,  pub.  at  Charleston,  S.C.  He  originated 
the  Monthly  Register,  pub.  at  Charleston,  1805.  He  had 
been  previously  engaged  as  reporter  of  the  Parliamentary 
proceedings  during  the  trial  of  Hastings,  and  from  his 
personal  knowledge  doubtless  was  enabled  to  make  the 
great  speeches  of  Sheridan  on  the  Belgium  affairs  as  found 
in  the  Select  Speeches  of  Dr.  Chapman.  He  was  the 
author  of  the  Overland  Journey  to  India,  pub.  under  the 
assumed  name  of  Donald  Campbell;  2d  ed.,  1809-10.  Life 
of  Thomas  Jefferson,  Phila.  and  N.  York,  1809,  2  vols.  Svo. 
Select  American  Speeches ;  being  a  sequel  to  Dr.  Chap 
man's  Select  Speeches,  Phila.,  1815,  2  vols.  Svo.  See 
DONALD,  CAMPBELL. 

Carpenter,  Thomas.  Essay  on  the  Vices  and  Follies 
of  Mankind,  Ac.,  1795. 

Carpenter,  Thomas.  Educational  works,  1798- 
1813  :  Orthography,  Ac. 

Carpenter,  Thomas.  Devotional  Reflections  on  the 
Psalms  of  David,  Lon.,  1837;  2d  ed.,  1841, 18mo. 

Carpenter,William,  D.D.  Fast  Serm.,Lon.,1776,4to. 

Carpenter,  William.  Calendarium  Palestine,  1825, 
8vo.  This  is  a  very  useful  work.  Scripture  Difficulties 
Examined  with  a  View  to  their  Solution,  1825,  Svo.  The 
author  elucidates  700  passages  in  the  Old  and  New  Testa 
ments.  Popular  Lectures  on  Biblical  Criticism  and  Inter 
pretation,  Lon.,  1826,  Svo.  Scripture  Natural  History, 
1828,  Svo.  Dr.  Harris's  Natural  History  (Boston,  Mass., 
1820)  is  generally  preferred;  but  some  consider  Carpenter's 
work  "more  readable." 

"  Without  that  pretence  to  originality  which  in  the  present  day 
is  as  much  distinguished  by  personal  vanity  as  it  is  at  variance 
with  truth.  Mr.  Carpenter  has,  we  think,  presented  to  the  public 
an  interesting  and  useful  work." — Lon.  Chris.  Kememb. 

A  Guide  to  the  Practical  Reading  of  the  Bible,  Lon., 
1830,  18mo. 

"  This  is  a  useful  and  interesting  compilation,  and  gives  in  a  very 
small  compass  a  great  deal  of  information." — Ch.  of  Ireland  Mag. 

Biblical  Companion,  Lon.,  1836,  Svo. 

"  To  the  use  of  less  advanced  students  it  is  especially  adapted." 
— Da.  E.  WILLIAMS. 

Carpenter,  William  Benjamin,  M.D.,  F.R.S.,  son 
of  Dr.  Lant  Carpenter;  a  distinguished  physiologist  and 
eminent  writer  on  physiology ;  Prof.  Med.  Jur.  in  Univ. 
Coll.,  London  ;  Lecturer  on  General  Anatomy  and  Physio 
logy  at  the  London  Hospital  School  of  Med.,  and  Exa 
miner  in  Physiology  and  Comparative  Anat.  in  the  Univ. 
of  London;  studied  medicine  in  University  College,  1833; 
passed  his  examination  in  the  Royal  College  of  Surgeons' 
and  Apothecaries'  Soc.,  1835;  subsequently  pursued  his 
studies  in  the  Univ.  of  Edinburgh,  where  his  capacity  for 
original  thought  and  dealing  with  the  most  profound  phy 
siological  discussions  became  apparent.  1.  On  the  Volun 
tary  and  Instinctive  Actions  of  Living  Beings,  Edin. 
Med.  and  Surg.  Jour.,  No.  132.  2.  The  Unity  of  Func 
tion  in  Organized  Beings,  Edin.  New  Phil.  Jour.  3.  The 
Differences  of  the  Laws  regulating  Vital  and  Physical 
Phenomena;  ibid.  4.  Dissertation  on  the  Physiological 
Inferences  to  be  deduced  from  the  Structure  of  the 
Nervous  System  in  the  Invertebrate  Class  of  Animals, 
Edin.,  1838.  After  publishing  the  above,  he  graduated  at 
Edinburgh  in  1839.  5.  Principles  of  General  and  Com 
parative  Physiology,  Lon.,  1839,  Svo;  2d  ed.,  1841,  Svo; 
9th  ed.,  rewritten,  was  pub.  in  1854,  entitled  (6)  Prin 
ciples  of  Comparative  Physiology ;  (7)  the  Principles  of 
General  Physiology  being  pub.  in  a  separate  vol.  New 
Amer.  ed.,  Phila.,  1854,  Svo. 


CAR 

"Not  the  profession  only,  but  the  scientific  world  at  large,  must 
feel  deeply  indebted  to  Dr.  Carpenter  for  tkis  great  work."— ion. 
Medical  Times. 

"  An  Encyclopedia  of  the  subject,  accurate  and  complete  m  all 
respects;  a  truthful  reflection  of  the  advanced  state  at  which 
science  has  now  arrived." — Dublin  Quar.  Jour,  of  Medical  Science. 

"  A  truly  magnificent  work,— in  itself  a  perfect  physiological 
Btudy." — Ranking's  Abstract. 

"  No  treatise  on  Physiology  which  has  hitherto  appeared  in  our 
language  exceeds  the  present,  either  in  the  comprehensiveness  of 
its  principles  or  in  the  value  and  abundance  of  its  facts.  We 
recommend  it  to  all  our  readers  and  to  men  of  science  of  every 
description." — British  and  Foreign  Medical  Review. 

"  In  Dr.  Carpenter's  work  will  be  found  the  best  exposition  we 
possess  of  all  that  is  furnished  by  comparative  anatomy  to  our 
knowledge  of  our  nervous  system,  as  well  as  to  the  more  general 
principles  of  life  and  organization."— Dr.  Holland's  Medical  Notes 
and  Rejlections. 

"  I  recommend  to  your  perusal  a  work  recently  published  by  Dr. 
Carpenter.  It  has  this  advantage:  it  is  very  much  up  to  the  pre 
sent  state  of  knowledge  of  the  subject.  It  is  written  in  a  clear 
style,  and  is  well  illustrated."— Prof.  Sharpens  Introduc.  Lecture. 

"See  Dr.  Carpenter's  Principles  of  General  and  Comparative 
Physiology, — a  work  which  makes  me  proud  to  think  he  was  once 
my  pupil." — Dr.  EUiotson's  Physiology. 

8.  Principles  of  Human  Physiology,  Lon.,  1846,  8vo;  4th 
ed.;    5th  American  ed.,  from  the  4th  English  ed.,  with 
additions  by  Francis  Gurney  Smith,  M.D.,  Prof.  Institutes 
of  Medicine  in  the  Pennsylvania  Medical  College. 

"  We  speak  advisedly  when  we  say  that  we  know  of  no  work  on 
Physiology  from  which  the  student  is  likely  to  derive  so  much 
advantage.  The  whole  of  it  reflects  the  highest  honour  upon  the 
talents,  knowledge,  and  judgment  of  the  author." — British  and 
Foreign  Medical  Review.  • 

"Dr.  Carpenter's  work,  Human  Physiology,  is  an  important  one 
in  support  of  the  spirituality  of  the  mind.  Nothing  can  be  more 
satisfactory  than  his  arguments  and  illustrations  as  to  the  distinct 
existence  and  manifestations  of  the  thinking  principle." — Blakey's 
Hist,  of  the  Philosophy  of  Mind. 

Nos.  6,  7,  and  8  are  now  pub.  as  three  independent  vols., 
comprising  the  whole  range  of  Biological  Science. 

9.  Vegetable  Physiology  and  Botany,  1844,  8vo.     10.  A 
Manual  of  Physiology,  1846,  fp.  8vo.     Several  editions. 

"Although  designed  for  the  student  and  framed  expressly  to 
meet  his  wants,  it  is  a  work  that  may  be  consulted  with  advantage 
by  most  physicians  and  surgeons,  however  learned." — British  and 
Foreign  Medical  Review. 

11.  Elements  of  Physiology,  including  Physiological 
Anatomy,  8vo.  12.  The  Popular  Cyclopaedia  of  Natural 
Science,  1847,  5  vols.  8vo.  Commenced  in  1843. 

"  It  possesses  merits  of  a  very  high  order.  The  talents  and  at 
tainments  of  its  author  are  evidently  such  as  quality  him  to  take 
his  station  as  an  original  author,  experimenter,  and  discoverer 
among  the  most  excellent  sons  of  science." — Lon.  Eclectic  Review. 

13.  Zoology  and  Instinct  in  Animals,  1848,  2  vols.  p.  8vo. 

"  For  clearness  of  arrangement,  perspicuity  of  style,  and  read 
able  matter,  we  know  of  no  complete  work  on  zoology  which  we 
could  recommend  so  fully  as  this  by  Dr.  Carpenter." — Lon.  Athen. 

14.  A  Prize  Essay  on  the  Use  of  Alcoholic  Liquors  in 
Health  and  Disease;  2ct  ed.,  1851,  12mo.     New  Amer.  ed. 
with  a  Preface  by  Dr.  D.  F.  Condie,  M.D.,  and  Explana 
tions  of  Scientific  Words,   12mo.      15.  Mechanical   Phi 
losophy,  Astronomy,  and  Horology,  1848,  8vo.      16.  On 
the  Microscope :  its  Revelations  and  its  Uses,  1856,  8vo. 

"The  works  of  Dr.  Carpenter  manifest  some  of  the  best  qualities 
both  of  the  thinker  and  the  observer."— MoreWs  Hist,  of  Modern 
Phil/>s..  q.  v. 

Carpmeal,  W.  Reports,  Patent  Cases,  Lon.,  r.  8ro 
4th  ed.,  1846.  The  Law  of  Patents  for  Inventions. 

"  Designed  for  inventors  and  others  unlearned  in  the  law,  bu1. 
may  be  consulted  with  profit  by  professional  readers  on  points  of 
practice,  and  for  the  scientific  illustrations  which  abound  in  tUe 
work." — Marvin's  Legal  Bibl. 
See  CURTIS,  GEORGE  T. 
Carpue,  J.  S.     The  Muscles  of  the  Human  Body,  as 
they  appear  on  Dissection,  Lon.,  1801,  4to. 
"An  esteemed  work." — LOWNDES. 

Electricity  and  Galvanism,  1803,  8vo.  Account  of  Sur 
gical  Operations,  1816,  '19. 

Carr,  Allan.  A  Peacable  Moderator,  Lon.,  4to;  re 
specting  the  book  of  Common  Prayer. 

Carr,  George,  1704-1776,  educated  at  St.  John's  Col 
lege,  Cambridge  ;  appointed  senior  clergyman  of  the  Epis 
copal  Chapel,  Edinburgh,  1737,  where  he  officiated  39  years 
Sir  William  Forbes  pub.  his  sermons,  Edin.,  1777,  3  vols 
12mo ;  5th  edit.,  1784,  2  vols.  8vo. 

"Although  they  do  not  contain  the  profound  reasonings  01 
Butler,  nor  the  elegant  discussions  of  Sherlock ;  neither  the  learn 
ing  of  Tillotson,  nor  the  declamation  of  Seed,  they  exhibit  th 
most  useful  and  important  truths  of  the  gospel,  not  only  wit! 
plainness  and  perspicuity,  but  in  language  always  elegant,  an 
seldom  incorrect." — SIR  WILLIAM  FORBES. 

';  They  are  short,  vigorous,  important,  and  useful." — DR.  DAVID 
SOOT. 

"  To  his  merits  as  a  preacher,  great  as  they  were,  the  lustre  o 
his  private  character  was  still  superior :  the  death  of  such  a  man 
was  a  real  loss  to  society." — DR.  BEATTIE. 

Carr,  J.  H.  Prize  Essay :  The  Local  Ministry,  1851 
cr.  8vo. 


CAR 

Carr,  Jo.  His  Ruinous  Fall  of  Prodigalitie,  Lon., 
573,  8vo. 

Carr,  Sir  John,  1772-1832,  of  the  Middle  Temple, 
he  Stranger  in  France,  Lon.,  1803,  4to.  A  popular  work, 
'he  Stranger  in  Ireland,  1806,  2  vols.  4to.  This  was  ridi- 
uled  by  Edward  Dubois  by  the  publication  of  his  jcu 
I' esprit,  My  Pocket  Book,  1807,  12mo.  A  Tour  through 
lolland,  1807,  4to.  Caledonian  Sketches,  1809,  4to.  De- 
criptive  Travels,  1811,  4to.  Sir  John  also  pub.  some 
oems,  1803,  '09,  and  a  Drama,  1804. 

Carr,  John,  LL.D.,  1732-1807,  master  of  the  Gram 
mar  School  at  Hertford.     Vol.  3d  of  Tristram  Shandy, 
760.     This  imitation  of  Sterne  was  soon  detected.     Filial 
Piety,  1763,  fol.     To  a  Critic,  1764,  fol.     Eponina,  1765. 
?he  Dialogues  of  Lucian,  trans,  from  the  Greek,  1773-98, 
vols.  8vo. 

"  An  excellent  translation,  that  preserves  much  of  the  wit  and 
pirit  of  the  original."— DR.  ADAM  CLARKE. 

Carr,  Lascelles  Robert.    Serms.,  1800,  '01,  '04, 4to. 

Carr,  Nicholas.  Professor  of  Greek,  University  of 
Cambridge.  Epistola  ad  J.  Checum,  Lon.,  1551,  4to.  De 
>bitu,  <fec.  M.  Buciri,  1551,  4to.  Demosthenis  Graecorum 
Oratorium,  Ac.,  1571,  4to.  Epistola  Berth.  Dodingtoni, 
Ac.,  1571,  4to.  De  Scriptorum  Britannicorum  Paucitate, 

.,  1576,  12mo.  Hearne  commends  Carr  as  an  elegant 
and  judicious  Latinist. 

Carr,  Ralph.    Mahumetane  Historye,  Lon.,  1600,  4to. 

Carr,  Richard,  M.D.  Epistolae  Medicinales,  Lon., 
1691,  8vo ;  published  in  English  by  Quincy  as  Medicinal 

pistles,  1714,  8vo. 

Carr,  Rich.     Algebraist's  Companion,  Lon.,  1751,  8vo. 

Carr,  Robert.     Eugenia;  a  Tragedy,  1766,  8vo. 

Carr,  Samuel,  D.D.,  Prebendary  of  St.  Paul's.  Ser 
mons  on  practical  subjects,  Lon.,  1795,  3  vols.  8vo;  seve 
ral  edits.,  1817,  3  vols.  8vo. 

"  A  valuable  accession  to  this  extensive  theological  class.  The 
style  is  embellished  with  those  temperate  ornaments  which  increase 
ts  beauty  without  destroying  its  simplicity."— British  Critic. 

Carr,  T.  S.,  master  in  King's  College  School,  has  pub. 
a  number  of  useful  classical  guides;  Greek  and  Latin; 
Mythology ;  Antiquities. 

Carr,  William.  Travellers'  Guide  in  the  German 
States,  &c.,  1600,  '88. 

Carr,  William.  Glossary  of  the  Craven  Dialect, 
Lon.,  1828,  2  vols.  8vo. 

"We  would  particularly  recommend  it  to  our  dramatists  and 
novelists.  They  have  now  the  means  of  studying  the  present 
form  of  West  Riding  dialect  synthetically  as  well  as  analytically. 
We  can  vouch  for  the  general  accuracy  of  the  dialect  and  idiom." — 
Lon,  Quarterly  Review. 

"  Of  great  value." — ARCHDEACON  TODD. 

Carr,  William  Windle.     Poems,  Lon.,  1791,  8vo. 

Carre,  Thomas,  alias  Miles  Pinkney,  d.  1674,  a 
native  of  Broomhal,  founded  a  Nunnery  (Sion)  at  Paris, 
1634,  and  became  resident  Confessor.  Pietas  Parisiensis 
et  Romana,  Paris,  1666, 12mo  :  Oxf.,  1687, 12mo.  Funeral 
of  Charles  I.;  Serm.  on  Ps. ii.  10,  1670,  12mo. 

Carrel,  Armand  N.,  1800-1836.  History  of  the 
Counter-Revolution  for  the  Re-Establishment  of  Popery 
in  England  under  Charles  II.  and  James  II.,  by  Armand 
Carrel ;  to  which  is  added  the  History  of  the  Early  Part 
of  the  Reign  of  James  II.,  by  C.  J.  Fox,  sin.  8vo,  1854. 

"  The  reigns  of  the  last  two  Stuarts  have  been  written,  with  the 
mind  of  a  statesman  and  the  hand  of  a  vigorous  writer,  by  Armand 

rrel." — Edin.  Rev. 

As  we  know  not  the  name  of  the  translator  of  this  valuable 
work,  we  introduce  it  under  that  of  the  French  author. 

Carrick,  A.,  M.D.     Medical  treatises,  1797,  1803. 

Carrick,  John  D.     Life  of  Sir  William  Wallace. 

"  The  best  history  with  which  we  are  acquainted  of  those  important 
events  which,  under  the  auspices  of  that  hero  and  patriot,  led  to 
the  re-establishment  of  Scottish  independence." — Edin.  Lit.  Jour. 

Carrier.  Reasons  for  Forsaking  Protestantism,! 61 4,4to. 
Carrigan,  Philip.     Map  of  New  Hampshire,  1816. 
Carrington,  F.  A.   Legal  repts.  and  works,  1823-50. 
Carrington,  James.    Theological  treatises,  1750-76. 
Carrington,  Jas.     Serms.  on  Isa.  ii.  78 ;  Ephes.  v.  15. 
Carrington,  Noel  Thomas,  1777-1830,  a  native 
of  Plymouth,  England,  pub.  several  poems  of  great  merit. 
The  Banks  of  Tamar,  1820.     Dartmoor,  1826.     My  Na 
tive  Village.     Poems  collected  in  2  vols.  12mo. 

"Dartmoor  met  with  greater  success  than  the  author  had  eve? 
lared  to  anticipate.  It  was  received  with  much  delight  by  the 
public,  and  was  very  highly  spoken  of  by  the  periodical  press."— 
Lon.  Gtnt.  Mag.,  March.  1831. 

Carrington,  Robert  Smith,  Lord.  Speech  deli 
vered  at  the  Board  of  Agriculture,  1803,  4to. 

Carrington,  S.  History  of  Oliver  Cromwell,  Lon., 
1659,  8vo. 

Carrington,  Susanna.  The  Perjured  Husband; 
a  Tragedy,  Lon.,  1700,  4to. 


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Carrington,  W.    Angler's  Vade-Mecum,  1818, 12mo. 
Carroll,  B.  R.     Historical  Collection  of  South  Caro 
lina,  N.  York,  1836,  2  vols.  8vo.      A  valuable  collection 
relating  to  the  early  literature  of  South  Carolina. 

Carroll,  Wm.  On  Locke's  Essay,  Lon.,  1706,  8vo. 
Carruthers,  William,  of  Virginia.  1.  Cavaliers  of 
Virginia.  2.  The  Kentuckian  in  New  York.  3.  The 
Knights  of  the  Horse-Shoe ;  a  Traditionary  Tale  of  the 
Cocked-Hat  Gentry  in  the  Old  Dominion,  Wetumpka,  Ala., 
1845. 

1     Carson,  Alexander.    Theolog.  treatises.     The  fol 
lowing  have  been  highly  commended :  Explanation  of  the 
Principles  of  Biblical  Interpretation  of  Ernesti,  Ammon, 
Stuart,  and  other  Philologists ;  A  Treatise  on  the  Figures 
of  Speech ;  A  Treatise  on  the  Right  and  Duty  of  all  Men 
to  read  the  Scriptures,  New  York,  1855,  12mo,  pp.  468. 
"He  differs  from  Stuart  and  other  prominent  philologists." 
"One  of  the  first  Biblical  critics  of  the  nineteenth  century." — 
Scotsman. 

Carson,  James,  M.D.  Med.  and  Political  treatises, 
Liverp.,  1809-15. 

Carson,  Joseph,  M.D.     Illustrations  of  Medical  Bo 
tany,  2  vols.  4to.     Synopsis  of  the  Course  of  Lectures  on 
Materia  Medica  and  Pharmacy,  delivered  in  the  Univer 
sity  of  Pennsylvania,  Phila.,  pp.  208,  1852,  8vo.     Amer. 
edit,  of  Pereira's  Materia  Medica,  Phila.,  1854,  2  vols.  8vo. 
Carstairs,  J.     Works  on  Writing,  Lon.,  1814,  '15. 
Carstairs,  or  Carstares,  William.    See  McCoR- 
MICK,  JOSEPH,  D.D. 

Carswell,  Francis,  D.D.  Serms.,  1684,  '89,  4to. 
Carte,  Samuel,  1653-1740,  Prebendary  of  Lichfield, 
Coventry,  England,  was  educated  at  Magdalen  College, 
Oxford.  Serms.,  1649,  1705,  4to.  Tabula  Chronologica 
Archiepiscopatuum  et  Episcopatuum  in  Anglia  et  Wallia, 
Ac.,  sine  anno.  Con.  to  Phil.  Trans,  and  Bibl.  Top.  Brit. 
He  was  an  intelligent  antiquary,  and  Dr.  Willis  and  Dr. 
Stukeley  acknowledged  his  assistance. 

Carte,  Samuel,  grandson  of  the  above,  also  a  learned 
antiquary,  edited  Brewster's  Collectanea  Ecclesiastica,  to 
•which  he  added  some  valuable  notes.  He  also  assisted 
Johnson  in  his  account  of  the  benefactions  and  charities 
of  Coventry.  See  Archseol.,  x.  209,  1792. 

Carte,  Thomas,  1686-1754,  father  of  the  above, 
was  a  native  of  Clifton,  in  Warwickshire.  He  was  ad 
mitted  of  University  College,  Oxford,  in  1698;  took  his 
degree  of  B.A.  in  1702,  and  was  subsequently  incorporated 
at  Cambridge,  where  he  became  M.  A.  in  1706.  After  tra 
velling  on  the  Continent,  he  entered  into  holy  orders,  and 
was  appointed  reader  of  the  Abbey  Church  at  Bath,  where 
he  preached  a  discourse,  January  30,  1714,  in  which  he 
vindicated  the  character  of  Charles  I.  with  reference  to 
the  Irish  rebellion.  This  elicited  a  controversy  with  Dr. 
Chandler,  which  called  forth  Carte's  first  publication — The 
Irish  Massacre  set  in  a  Clear  Light ;  see  Lord  Somers's 
Tracts.  When  George  I.  ascended  the  throne,  Carte  was 
unwilling  to  take  the  oaths  to  the  new  government,  and 
therefore  assumed  a  lay  habit.  For  a  time  he  assisted 
Jeremy  Collier,  who  preached  to  a  Nonjuring  congregation 
in  London.  Carte  was  suspected  of  being  concerned  in 
the  rebellion  of  1715,  and  orders  were  issued  for  his  arrest. 
He  escaped,  and  became  secretary  to  Bishop  Atterbury, 
which  increased  the  suspicions  against  him,  and  a  reward 
of  £1000  was  offered  for  his  person.  Carte  now  fled  to 
France,  where  he  resided  for  some  years  under  the  name 
of  Phipps.  He  mingled  with  men  of  learning,  and  fre 
quented  the  best  libraries,  which  enabled  him  to  collect 
materials  for  illustrating  an  English  edition  of  Thuanus. 
In  1724  he  consulted  Dr.  Mead  as  to  the  best  mode  of  pub 
lication.  The  doctor  perceived  the  value  of  the  collec 
tion,  and  determined  to  publish  the  whole.  He  purchased 
them  from  Carte,  and  confided  them  to  the  care  of  Mr. 
Buckley,  who  gave  them  to  the  world  in  1733,  7  vols.  fol. 
By  the  intercession  of  Queen  Caroline,  Carte  was  permitted 
to  return  to  his  native  country.  He  arrived  in  England 
between  1728  and  1730.  In  1735  appeared  the  3d  and  in 
1736  the  1st  and  2d  vols.  (fol.)  of  his  History  of  the  Life 
of  James,  Duke  of  Ormonde,  from  his  birth  in  1610  to  his 
death  in  1688.  This  is  one  of  the  most  important  histo 
rical  works  in  the  language,  and  contains  the  fullest  ac 
count  of  the  Irish  rebellion.  The  author  was  rewarded 
by  the  approbation  of  the  best  judges  in  the  premises : 

«  Your  history  is  in  great  esteem  here.  All  sides  seem  to  like 
it.  The  dean  of  St.  Patrick's  [Swift]  honours  you  with  his  appro 
bation.  Any  name  after  his  could  not  add  to  your  satisfaction 
But  I  may  say,  the  worthy  and  the  wise  are  with  you  to  a  man' 
and  you  have  me  into  the  bargain."— Lord  Orrery's  Letter  to  Carte. 
"Carte's  Life  of  thg  Duke  of  Ormonde  is  considered  as  a  book 
of  authority;  but  it  is  ill  written.  The  matter  is  diffused  in  too 
many  words;  there  is  no  animation,  no  compression,  no  vigour. 


Two  good  volumes  in  duodecimo  might  be  made  out  of  the  two 
[three]  in  folio." — DR.  JOHNSON. 

We  are  glad  that  the  doctor's  expunging  views  were  not 
adopted  by  the  editor  of  the  beautiful  edition  pub.  in  1851, 
Oxford,  6  vols.  8vo.  Let  the  historical  reader  procure  this 
edition  forthwith. 

The  author  had  long  projected  a  history  of  England — 
finding  much  fault  with  Rapm  and  with  Kymer's  Foodera — 
and  in  April,  1738,  he  pub.  "A  general  account  of  the  ne 
cessary  materials  for  a  history  of  England,  of  the  society 
and  subscriptions  proposed  for  defraying  the  expenses  of 
it,  and  the  method  in  which  he  intended  to  proceed  in 
carrying  on  the  work."  In  October  £600  per  annum 
were  subscribed,  and  the  historian  set  to  work  with  a  glad 
heart.  We  have  not  space  in  which  to  enumerate  the 
learned  and  corporate  bodies  who  favoured  this  great  un 
dertaking  :  suffice  it  to  say  that  seldom  has  an  author  been 
so  encouraged : 

"  Never  was  a  history  more  anxiously  expected,  and  more  zeal 
ously  supported.  The  City  of  London  and  the  University  of  Ox 
ford  seemed  to  vie  with  each  other  in  their  acts  of  generosity." — 
Dibdin's  Library  Companion. 

In  1744  he  was  arrested  by  the  government  for  supposed 
designs  favourable  to  the  Pretender,  but  nothing  was  found 
to  justify  his  detention.  In  August,  1744,  was  printed  in 
an  8vo  pamphlet,  "  A  collection  of  the  several  papers  that 
had  been  published  by  him  relative  to  his  great  work." 
Proposals  for  printing  were  circulated  in  1746,  and  in  De 
cember,  1747,  the  first  volume  was  given  to  the  world. 

"Of  the  first  volume  of  this  History,  150  copies  were  printed  on 
royal  paper,  850  on  a  second  size,  and  2000  on  small  paper.  Of  the 
succeeding  volumes,  100  only  were  printed  on  royal  paper,  and  050 
on  small  paper." — Nichols's  Literary  Anecdotes,  ii.  p.  191. 

But  a  few  lines  in  this  noble  book  were  permitted  to 
bring  the  whole  into  undeserved  odium.  Carte  in  one  of 
his  notes,  not  originally  intended  for  publication,  refers 
to  the  "  sanative  virtue  of  touching  for  the  king's  evil," 
and  adduces  the  case  of  a  Christopher  Lovel  who  was 
touched  by  the  Pretender,  and  cured.  We  make  a  short 
extract,  as  this  is  a  curious  literary  anecdote : 

"From  thence  Christopher  made  his  way  first  to  Paris,  and 
thence  to  the  place  where  he  was  touched,  in  the  beginning  of 
November  following,  by  the  eldest  lineal  descendant  of  a  race  of 
kings,  who  had  indeed  for  a  long  succession  of  ages  cured  that 
distemper  by  the  royal  touch.  But  this  descendant  and  next  heir 
of  their  blood  had  not,  at  least  at  that  time,  been  crowned  or 
anointed." 

Now  there  was  no  treason  in  this.  His  avowed  object 
was  to  prove  that  it  was  an  error  to  suppose  that  the  "  sa 
native  virtue"  resided  only  in  the  eldest  descendant  of  the 
royal  line,  or  in  the  wearer  of  the  crown.  That  the  Pre 
tender  had  the  blood-royal  in  his  veins,  no  one  could  deny. 
But  the  corporation  of  London,  perhaps  not  unwilling  to 
recommend  themselves  to  the  reigning  monarch  by  their 
rather  ostentatious  loyalty,  withdrew  their  subscriptions, 
and  the  history  was  neglected  by  the  Boeotians  of  that 
generation.  In  1749  it  was  retailed  at  a  shilling  a  num 
ber  (36  nos.,  i.  e.  vol.  1,  all  yet  pub.)  to  those  who  had  the 
sense  to  profit  by  the  stolidity  of  their  neighbours.  But 
Carte  struggled  manfully  on.  The  2d  vol. — 1216-1509 — 
appeared  in  1750  ;  and  the  3d— 1509-1613— in  1752.  Vol. 
4th,  1613-54,  was  pub.  in  1755,  about  a  year  after  the  au 
thor's  decease.  He  intended  to  have  brought  it  down  to 
the  Restoration.  His  valuable  materials  were  left  by  Mrs. 
Carte,  for  his  lifetime,  to  her  second  husband,  Mr.  Jerne- 
gan,  then  to  be  deposited  in  the  University  of  Oxford. 
Mr.  Jernegan  delivered  them  to  the  University  in  1778, 
for  a  valuable  consideration.  Whilst  they  were  in  his 
possession,  he  charged  the  Earl  of  Hardwicke  £200  for  the 
perusal  of  them,  and  Mr.  Macpherson  paid  £300  for  the 
same  privilege.  His  History  of  Great  Britain,  Lon.,  1775, 
2  vols.  4to,  and  Original  Papers,  1775,  2  vols.  4to,  with 
Extracts  from  the  Life  of  James  II.,  as  written  by  himself, 
show  that  he  was  disposed  to  lose  nothing  by  the  invest 
ment. 

"  The  character  of  Macpherson  seems  at  an  end.  He  endeavoured 
to  deceive  the  public,  and  to  make  them  believe  that  the  extracts 
he  gave  were  from  the  king's  own  journal ;  but  this  they  were  not. 
He  never  saw  the  journal,  as  I  have  before  mentioned.  He  made 
extracts  from  the  Stuart  papers,  and  additions  from  Carte." — Prof. 
Smyth's  Lectures  on  Mod.  Hist. 

For  the  ten  4to  vols.  of  the  Brunswick  Papers,  Macpher 
son  was  indebted  to  a  fortunate  purchase  of  Mr.  Duane's. 

Mr.  Jernegan  was  pleased  with  such  a  profitable  mode 
of  assisting  literary  antiquaries,  and  as  late  as  1775  he 
advertised  that  he  was  still  willing  to  loan  them  for  a  con 
sideration.  But  there  were  no  more  Earl  Hardwickes  and 
Macphersons  to  be  found,  and,  as  we  have  stated,  ho  re 
ceived  a  handsome  sum  in  1778  to  place  them  in  their 
intended  repository.  We  need  not  wonder  that  few  were 
hardy  enough  to  attack  «  20  folios,  15  quartos,  and  soon 


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loose  papers"  in  MS. :  for  such  was  the  bulk  of  those 
which  treated  of  matters  from  1654  to  1688.  Of  borrowers 
from  Carte,  Hume  is  one  of  the  largest,  and  would  have 
acted  with  more  justice  by  a  frank  acknowledgment  of 
his  obligations.  It  is  amusing  to  observe  the  cavalier 
manner  in  which  he  incidentally  alludes  to  Carte  in  his 
notes  as  "a  late  author  of  great  industry  and  learning, 
but  full  of  prejudices  and  of  no  penetration."  The  two 
authors  occupy  the  same  relative  position  as  those  of  the 
laborious  miner  and  the  skilful  polisher  of  the  precious 
metal,  which  but  for  the  assiduity  of  the  former  might  still 
be  undistinguished  beneath  the  clod.  But  those  who  wish 
to  gather  all  the  gold  must  still  revert  to  Carte. 

'•  You  may  read  Huine  for  his  eloquence,  but  Carte  is  the  his 
torian  for  facts."— WARTOX. 

"  Although  the  author  died  before  the  publication  of  the  last 
volume  in  1755 — intending  to  bring  his  work  down  to  the  Resto 
ration — yet  he  lived  long  enough  to  witness  its  success,  and  the 
victory  which  he  obtained  over  its  numerous  opponents,  and  the 
shame  attached  to  those  who  had  withdrawn  their  original  pa 
tronage.  This  work  will  live  long,  and  always  be  consulted." — 
Dibdlh's  Library  Companion. 

"Notwithstanding  our  author's  opinions  and  prejudices,  his 
general  History  is  undoubtedly  a  work  of  great  merit  in  point  of 
information.  It  is  written  with  eminent  exactness  and  diligence, 
and  with  a  perfect  knowledge  of  original  authors." — Bioij.  Brit. 

"  In  the  early  part  of  the  English  History.  I  should  always  pre 
fer  the  history  of  Carte  to  any  other  historian.  He  was  indefatiga 
ble  himself,  in  his  researches,  having  dedicated  his  whole  life  to 
them,  and  was  assisted  in  what  relates  to  Wales  by  the  labours  of 
Mr.  Lewis  Morris,  of  Penbryn,  in  Cardiganshire.  As  for  his  poli 
tical  prejudices,  they  cannot  be  supposed  to  have  had  any  bias  in 
what  relates  to  a  transaction  five  hundred  years  ago,  and  which 
hath  nothing  to  do  with  the  royal  touch  for  the  cure  of  king's 
evil." — DAINES  BARRINGTOX. 

"  His  learned  work,  which  in  other  respects  is  but  indifferently 
Written,  is  replete  with  very  useful  researches,  though  mixed  with 
incurable  prejudices." — MONS.  D'EYVERDUM:  voyez  Memoires  Lit- 
teraires  de  la  Grande  Bretagne,  1768. 

Dr.  Richard  Rawlinson  declined  the  arduous  task  of 
completing  this  valuable  History.  Mr.  "Carte  also  pub. 
The  History  of  the  Revolution  of  Portugal,  1740,  8vo, 
some  Translations,  <fcc.  In  1742  he  pub.  A  Full  Answer 
to  a  Letter  from  a  Bystander,  (Corbyn  Morris,  Esq.,  F.R.  S,.) 
which  appeared  in  1741.  This  elicited  some  other  pam 
phlets. 

"  These  tracts  embody  much  curious  discussion  and  information 
with  respect  to  taxation,  and  the  expenditure  of  the  public  re- 
Venue  for  a  lengthened  period." — McCulloch's  Lit.  ofPolit.  Economy. 
Carter.  Instructions  for  the  Ladies  in  Riding,  1783,8vo. 
Carter,  Benjamin,     Sermons,  1712-29. 
Carter,  Bezoleel.     Sermons,  1618,  '21. 
Carter,  Charles.    Works  on  Cooking,  1730,  '32,  4to. 
Carter,  E.,  of  Exeter.     Con.  to   Phil.  Mag.,   1816. 
Description  of  a  Gas  Lamp  for  Coal  Mines. 

Carter.  Edmund.  Artificer's  Looking-Glass,  Lon., 
1726,  8vo. 

Carter,  Edmund.    Assize  Sermon,  1712,  8vo. 
Carter,  Edmund,  of  Chelsea.     The  History  of  the 
County  of  Cambridge  from  the  Earliest  Account  to  the 
Present  Time,     Camb.,  1753,  8vo ;  2d  edit.,  continued  to 
1819,  by  Wm.  Upcott. 

"  The  original  edition  having  become  extremely  rare,  140  copies, 
(100  on  small,  and  40  on  large,  paper)  have  been  reprinted  to  gra 
tify  the  Topographical  Collector."  See  Upcott's  Preface. 

The  History  of  the  University  of  Cambridge,  from  its 
Origin  to  the  Year  1753;  in  which  a  particular  Account  is 
given  of  each  College  and  Hall,  their  respective  Founda 
tions,  Founders,  Benefactors,  Bishops,  Learned  Writers, 
Masters,  Livings,  Curiosities,  &c.,  Lon.,  1753,  8vo,  pp.  viii. 
and  471,  with  table  and  errata  page. 

"  This  most  inaccurate  book  is  the  best  outline  for  a  history  of 
the  university,  which  we  possess." — LOWNDES. 

By  no  means :  THOMAS  BAKER'S  MS.  Collections  afford  a 
much  better  guide,  (see  the  name  in  this  volume,)  where 
we  have  already  urged  the  preparation  of  an  ATHENE 
CANTABRIGIENSIBUS.  With  all  due  modesty,  we  think 
that  this  Dictionary  would  be  a  great  assistance  to  a  Cam 
bridge  Anthony  Wood.  We  give  a  specimen  of  Carter's 
work: 

"  In  the  course  of  this  work,  Mr.  Carter  mentions  such  as  were 
most  famous  for  their  learning  and  abilities,  belonging  to  that 
University;  and  as  a  specimen  of  his  judgment  and  talents  for 
characterizing  learned  men,  take  the  following  account  of  the 
great  Dr.  MIDDLETOX. 

"  Dr.  CONYERS  MIDDLETON,  Fellow  of  Trinity  College,  many  years 
chief  librarian  of  this  University,  author  of  Marcus  Tullius  Cicero, 
A  free  enquiry  into  the  miraculous  powers,  &c.,  and  some  other 
learned  pieces,  in  which  he  displayed  his  learning,  and  lost  his  cha 
racter,  as  a  divine  and  as  a  churchman."  See  Lon.  Mon.  Rev.,  1753. 
After  perusing  this  copious  and  perspicuous  morsel  of 
biography  and  bibliography,  even  we  feel  encouraged  to 
proceed. 

Carter,  Elizabeth,  1717-1806,  an  ornament  to  her 
sex,  and  an  honour  to  her  race,  was  the  eldest  daughter 


of  the  Rev.  Nicholas  Carter,  D.D.,  perpetual  curate  of 
the  chapel  in  the  town  of  Deal,  Kent.  Whilst  yet  very 
young,  she  displayed  a  great  desire  for  knowledge,  to  which 
was  added  unwearied  diligence  in  its  acquisition,  which  is 
the  more  creditable  from  the  difficulty  she  experienced  in 
learning. 

"  This  ardent  thirst  after  knowledge  was  at  length  crowned  with 
complete  success,  and  her  acquirements  became,  even  very  early 
in  life,  such  as  are  rarely  met  with.  What  she  once  gained,  she 
never  afterwards  lost,  an  effect,  indeed,  to  be  expected  from  the 
intense  application  by  which  she  acquired  her  learning,  and  which 
is  often  by  no  means  the  case  with  those,  the  quickness  of  whose 
faculties  renders  labour  almost  useless."— REV.  MONTAGU  PENNING- 
TON:  Memoirs  of  Mrs.  Garter,  Lon.,  1807,  4to. 

She  first  made  her  appearance  as  an  author  in  1738, 
when  she  published  a  volume  of  Poems,  (in  4to,)  composed 
before  she  was  twenty  years  of  age.  These  were  first  pub. 
anonymously,  and  were  not  subsequently  much  admired 
by  the  fair  author,  for  in  another  collection,  pub.  in  1762, 
Svo,  she  only  admitted  two  pieces  from  the  former  volume ; 
*.  e.  Lines  on  her  Birth-Day,  and  an  Ode  of  Anacreon, 
which  she  had  trans,  before  her  17th  year.  In  1739  she 
pub.  a  trans,  from  the  French — the  Examen  of  Crousaz  on 
Pope's  Essay  on  Man.  In  the  same  year  she  gave  to  the 
world  a  trans,  from  the  Italian  of  Algorotti's  Newtonionis- 
mo  par  le  Dame;  Algorotti's  Explanation  of  Newton's 
Philosophy  for  the  Use  of  the  Ladies,  2  vols.  12mo.  These 
evidences  of  ability  gave  the  authoress  considerable  repu 
tation  in  the  literary  world  at  home  and  abroad.  Her 
Ode  to  Wisdom,  one  of  her  best  poetical  pieces,  was  com 
posed  in  1746.  In  1749,  at  the  solicitation  of  her  friend 
Miss  Talbot,  and  Dr.  Seeker,  then  Bishop  of  Oxford,  after 
wards  Archbishop  of  Canterbury,  she  commenced  a  trans 
lation  of  the  writings  of  Epictetus.  The  choice  was  a  good 
one.  Hereby  all  were  admitted  to  enter 

"  That  noble  school  of  Philosophy,  which  preserved  great  souls 
untainted  at  the  court  of  dissolute  and  ferocious  tyrants,  which 
exalted  the  slave  [Epictetus]  of  one  of  Nero's  courtiers  to  be  a 
moral  teacher  of  after  times." — SIR  JAMES  MACKINTOSH. 

This  excellent  work,  not  originally  intended  for  the 
press,  was  pub.  in  1758,  4to ;  pp.  34  and  505.  1018  copies 
were  struck  off  at  once,  and  250  more  within  three  months 
afterwards.  The  price  was  one  guinea. 

"  It  sold  so  well,  and  the  price  kept  up  so  remarkably,  that  some 
years  after  Dr.  Seeker,  then  Archbishop  of  Canterbury,  brought  a 
bookseller's  catalogue  to  her,  saying,  Here,  Madam  Carter,  see 
how  ill  I  am  used  by  the  world ;  here  are  my  sermons  selling  at 
half-price,  while  your  Epictetus  truly  is  not  to  be  had  under  18 
shillings ;  only  three  shillings  less  than  the  original  subscription." 

By  this  publication  Mrs.  C.  was  a  gainer  by  about 
£1000.  As  regards  the  merits  of  this  translation,  it  is 
sufficient  to  quote  Dr.  Warton's  opinion  that  it  "excels 
the  original."  Her  reputation  as  a  profound  and  elegant 
classical  scholar  was  now  established  upon  a  firm  basis. 
Dr.  Johnson  had  always  been  a  warm  admirer  of  her 
talents,  and  as  early  as  April,  1738,  wrote  to  Cave: 

"  I  have  composed  a  Greek  epigram  to  Eliza,  and  think  she 
ought  to  be  celebrated  in  as  many  different  languages  as  Lewis  le 
Grand."  See  Gent.  Mag.,  April,  1738,  for  this  Epigram  to  Eliza. 

Cave  thought  that  they  should  be  better  known  to  each 
other,  and  introduced  them.  Johnson  was  then  29,  and 
"  Eliza"  21.  She  mentioned  the  name  of  her  new  ac 
quaintance  to  her  father,  in  a  letter  to  the  worthy  clergy 
man.  His  answer  is  amusing  to  the  present  generation  : 
.  "  You  mention  Johnson ;  but  that  is  a  name  with  which  I  am 
utterly  unacquainted.  Neither  his  scholastic,  critical,  nor  poeti 
cal  character  ever  reached  my  ears.  I  a  little  suspect  his  judgment 
if  he  is  very  fond  of  Martial" — Pennington's  Memoirs  of  Mrs. 
Carter. 

Now,  when  a  young  lady  dwells  in  her  letters  upon  the 
name  of  a  new  male  acquaintance,  especially  if  she  be  of 
a  literary  turn,  and  adduce  his  literary  tastes,  be  assured 
that  her  heart  is  no  Gibraltar.  Even  Johnson's  physical 
ugliness  could  be  forgotten  in  the  classic  charm  of  his 
comments  upon  Martial,  and  other  worthies  of  the  "elder 
time."  But,  alas  for  his  corpulent,  elderly  wife,  alas  for 
Mrs.  Johnson  !  she  was  too  substantial  to  be  dissipated  by 
the  incantations  of  Anacreon  or  the  reveries  of  Plato  ! 
Perhaps  this  is  all  imagination  on  our  part.  Perhaps 
there  was  nothing  more  like  love  for  Johnson  than  she 
would  have  felt  for  the  animated  bust  of  Epictetus  had  it 
suddenly  assumed  life  and  corrected  the  translator's  ver 
sion.  However,  they  lived  in  friendship  for  nearly  half  a 
century,  that  is,  until  Johnson's  death  in  1784.  Some  of 
our  readers  of  the  gentler  sex  will  tell  us  that  the  airy 
tissue  of  Love  could  never  be  woven  into  the  substantial 
fabric  of  a  46  years'  friendship  !  Perhaps  this  is  as  proper 
a  place  as  any  to  state  that  Elizabeth  Carter  was  never 
married.  Seriously,  we  have  no  idea  of  any  stronger  feel 
ing  than  mutual  regard  between  the  author  of  Rasselaa 
and  the  translator  of  Epictetus.  That  under  other  cir- 

347 


CAR 


CAR 


cumstances,  there  was  sufficient  congeniality  of  taste  to 
have  led  to  more  tender  sentiments,  no  one  can  question. 
That  Mrs.  Carter  would  have  made  a  good  wife,  we  have 
Johnson's  own  authority : 

"  Upon  hearing  a  lady  commended  for  her  learning,  Dr.  Johnson 
said,  l  A  man  is  in  general  better  pleased  when  he  has  a  good 
dinner  upon  his  table,  than  when  his  wife  talks  Greek.  My  old 
friend  Mrs.  Carter,'  he  added,  '  could  make  a  pudding  as  well  as 
translate  Epietetus  from  the  Greek;  and  work  a  handkerchief  as 
well  as  compose  a  poem.' " 

Johnson  as  early  as  1738  had  been  anxious  that  she 
should  turn  her  learning  to  account,  for  Cave  writes  to 
Birch  in  that  year  : 

"  Mr.  Johnson  advises  Miss  C.  to  undertake  a  translation  of  Boe- 
thius  de  Cons,  because  there  is  prose  and  verse,  and  to  put  her 
name  to  it  when  published." 

When  a  celebrated  Greek  scholar  was  spoken  of,  the 
doctor  remarked,  "  Sir,  he  is  the  best  Greek  scholar  in 
England,  except  ELIZABETH  CARTER."  It  is  not  a  little 
curious  that  the  lady's  translation  of  Crousaz's  Examen 
of  Pope's  Essay  on  Man  was  ascribed  to  Johnson.  Bos- 
well  quotes  an  article  from  Dr.  Birch's  MSS.  in  the  British 
Museum,  which  confirmed  his  opinion  that  his  "guide, 
philosopher,  and  friend"  was  not  the  translator  : 

"  Elisae  Carters®  S.  P.  D.  Thomas  Birch  Versionern  tuum  Exa- 
minis  Crousaziani  jam  perlegi.  .  .  .  Summam  styli  et  elegantiam, 
et  in  re  difficillima  proprietatem.  admiratus.  Dabaru  Novemb.  27, 
1738."  See  Birch  MSS.,  Brit.  Mus.,  4323. 

As  a  linguist,  Mrs.  Carter  was  familiar  to  a  greater  or 
less  degree  with  Hebrew,  Greek,  Latin,  Italian,  Spanish, 
French,  and  German. 

Of  the  few  numbers  contributed  to  the  Rambler,  Nos. 
44  and  100  are  by  Mrs.  C.  Eighteen  years  after  their 
first  introduction,  Johnson  writes  with  much  gallantry  to 
the  lady : 

"The  name  of  Miss  Carter  introduces  the  memory  of  Cave. 
Poor  dear  Cave!  I  owed  him  much;  for  to  him  I  owe  that  I  have 
known  you."— -Jan.  14, 1756. 

Twenty-eight  years  later  Johnson  remarked  at  the  Essex 
Club: 

"  I  dined  yesterday  at  Mrs.  Garrick's  with  Mrs.  Carter,  Miss 
Hannah  More,  and  Fanny  Burney.  Three  such  women  are  not  to 
be  found." 

Thus  comely  and  pleasant  was  that  friendship  which  for 
nearly  half  a  century  nothing  had  broken ;  but  Death  ac 
complished  what  naught  else  could,  and  in  a  few  months 
after  the  above  was  spoken,  the  "  mourners  went  about  the 
streets"  for  one  of  the  greatest  of  philosophers  and  best  of 
men.  Mrs.  Carter's  testimony  to  his  worth  should  have 
great  weight  with  those  petty  cavillers  who  would  question 
the  excellence  of  an  apostle,  if  he  should  happen  to  prove 
that  he  was  not  quite  an  angel  also  ! 

"  I  see  by  the  papers  that  Dr.  Johnson  is  dead.  In  extent  of 
learning,  and  exquisite  purity  of  moral  writing,  he  has  left  no  su 
perior,  and  I  fear  very  few  equals.  His  virtues  and  his  piety  were 
founded  on  the  steadiest  of  Christian  principles  and  faith.  His 
faults,  I  firmly  believe,  arose  from  the  irritations  of  a  most  suffer 
ing  state  of  nervous  constitution,  which  scarcely  ever  allowed  him 
a  moment's  ease." — Letter  to  Mrs.  Montagu. 

Be  it  remembered  that  this  is  the  testimony  of  one  of 
the  wisest  of  women  and  most  devout  of  Christians.  Let 
those  who  would  be  convinced  of  this — especially  let  all 
of  that  sex  upon  which  she  has  conferred  such  undying 
honour — peruse  the  Memoirs  of  her  Life  by  Mr.  Penning- 
ton,  (1807,  4to;  1808,  2  vols.  8vo,)  and  her  Letters  to  Miss 
Talbot  and  Mrs.  Vesey  (1808,  2  vols.  4to;  1809,  4  vols. 
Svo;)  and  to  Mrs.  Montagu,  (1817,  3  vols.  8vo.)  The  fol 
lowing  commendation  from  one  of  the  most  polished  gen 
tlemen  of  Europe  will  have  far  more  weight  than  any 
thing  which  we  can  urge  : 

"  Mrs.  Carter's  Correspondence  pleases  me  very  much ;  the  purity 
and  respectability  of  their  lives.  [Mrs.  Carter  and  Mrs.  Vesey,] 
their  uninterrupted  friendship,  the  elegance  of  their  pursuits- 
form  altogether  an  agreeable  subject  of  conversation." — SIR  JAMES 
MACKINTOSH. 

So  truly  humble  was  the  unobtrusive  female  whom  the 
rank  and  genius  of  the  land  delighted  to  honour,  that 
when  Mr.  Pennington,  her  nephew,  told  her  of  his  design 
of  writing  some  account  of  her  life  if  he  should  survive 
her,  she  replied — "  What  can  be  said  of  so  obscure  an  in 
dividual  as  I  am  ?  and  what  do  you  think  the  world  will 
care  about  me  ?" 

What  a  noble  example  does  this  excellent  woman  pre 
sent  for  the  emulation  of  her  sex  !  We  have  occasionally 
in  the  course  of  this  volume  felt  it  our  duty  to  stimulate 
the  ambition  of  our  female  readers  to  the  acquisition  of 
something  better  than  mere  fashionable  elegance,  and 
nobler  conquests  than  those  afforded  by  the  Opera  or  the 
Ball-room.  The  amelioration  of  the  heart,  the  cultivation 
of  the  intellect,  the  visitation  of  the  poor  and  wretched, 
the  instruction  of  the  ignorant,  and  the  duties  of  devotion, 
surely  have  higher  and  holier  claims  upon  immortal  be- 
348 


ings  than  the  frivolities  of  fashion  and  the  petty  compe 
titions  of  rivalry,  where  success  is  without  honour,  and 
pre-eminence  entitled  only  to  contempt. 

Carter,  Francis,  d.  1783.  A  Journey  from  Gibral 
tar  to  Malaga,  Lon.,  1777,  2  vols.  8vo ;  plates  sold  sepa 
rately;  reprinted,  1778,  2  vols.  8vo,  including  the  plates. 
Mr.  C.  resided  long  in  Spain,  and  collected  a  library  of 
books  in  the  Spanish  language,  of  which  he  drew  up  a 
descriptive  catalogue,  with  biographical  notes  and  speci 
mens  of  style.  Only  one  sheet  was  pub. — An  Historical 
and  Critical  Account  of  early-printed  Spanish  Books — 
when  he  was  overtaken  by  death.  Mr.  George  Ticknor, 
of  Boston,  has  recently  published  A  History  of  Spanish 
Literature,  New  York,  and  London,  1849,  3  vols.  Svo, 
which  has  been  highly  commended,  (v.  n.) 

Carter,  Francis,  M.D.  An  Account  of  the  various 
\  Systems  of  Medicine,  from  the  days  of  Hippocrates  to  the 
present  time,  Lon.,  1788,  2  vols.  8vo. 

"  So  far  is  the  author  from  giving  an  account  of  the  various  sys 
tems,  &c.,  that  he  wholly  omits  several,  touches  but  slightly  on  a 
few,  and  fully  explains  only  one  system,  viz.,  that  of  Dr.  Brown. 
Dr.  Carter  seems  no  less  inclined  to  abuse,  than  was  his  late  friend, 
Dr.  B. ;  but  he  abuses  with  less  art  and  less  keenness.  We  shall 
conclude  with  an  Jiumble  hint  to  the  defenders  of  the  Brunonian 
doctrine:  a  weak  cause  requires  a  strong  advocate;  but  we  have 
not  observed  that  any  very  powerful  champion  hath  yet  entered 
the  lists  in  favour  of  the  opinions  maintained  by  the  late  Dr. 
Brown." — Lon.  Monthly  Review,  1789. 

Carter,  George.  Loss  of  the  Grosvenor  E.  India- 
man,  1791,  8vo. 

Carter,  Harry  W.,  M.D.  Remarks  upon  a  pub.  by 
Belsham,  1819,  8vo. 

Carter,  Henry  Y.,  Surgeon.  Con.  to  Med.  Facts, 
1792-95. 

Carter,  John.  Vindieiae  Decimarium,  Lon.,  1640, 
4to.  This  is  a  plea  for  the  Jus  Divinum  of  Tithes,  based 
on  Hebrews  vii.  8. 

Carter,  John.  The  Nail  hit  on  the  Head;  two 
Serms.,  Lon.,  1547,  4to.  The  Tomb-stone,  and  a  rare 
Sight,  Lon.,  1653,  12mo. 

Carter,  John.  Life  of  J.  C.,  the  Author's  Father, 
1653,  Svo. 

Carter,  John.     Practical  English  Grammar,  Leeds, 

1773,  Svo. 

Carter,  John.     Treatises  on  Infant   Baptism,   &c., 

1774,  '80,  '81,  '88. 

Carter,  John.     Albert;  a  Tragedy,  1787,  Svo. 

Carter,  John,  F.  S.  A.,  an  eminent  architect,  1748- 
1817,  was  a  native  of  London.  Specimens  of  Ancient 
Sculpture  now  remaining  in  England ;  commenced  in 
numbers,  1780,  terminated  in  1794;  not  completed;  price 
£15  15s.;  new  edit.,  much  improved,  with  illuminations 
and  complete  Index,  1838,  2  vols.  r.  fol.  in  one ;  £8  8s., 
120  large  engravings.  The  letter-press  was  written  by 
Francis  Douce,  the  Rev.  Mr.  Milner,  Sir  S.  R.  Meyrick, 
Dawson  Turner,  John  Britton,  and  Messrs.  Gough,  Bray, 
Fenn,  Hawkins,  &c.  Collection  of  120  views  of  ancient 
Buildings  in  England,  1786,  6  vols.  32mo. ;  repub.  as 
Specimens  of  Gothic  Architecture;  ancient  buildings  in 
England,  comprised  in  120  views,  Lon.,  1824,  4  vols. 
16mo.  This  includes  Warton's  Essay  on  Gothic  Archi 
tecture.  Progress  of  Architecture,  4to.  His  magnum  opus 
was  The  Ancient  Architecture  of  England,  1795-1816; 
2  vols.  fol.,  vol.  i.  21  nos. :  of  vol.  ii.  only  7  nos.  were  pub. 
A  new  edition,  enlarged  and  improved,  was  pub.  by  Mr. 
John  Britton  in  1837,  2  vols.  r.  fol.  in  one;  £4  4s. 

"This  great  national  work  exhibits  almost  every  important 
Architectural  Remain  in  the  kingdom,  from  the  earliest  time  to 
the  reigns  of  Henry  III.  and  Edward  III.;  together  with  nume 
rous  Details,  Ornaments,  &c.  It  has  always  been  considered  one 
of  the  most  useful  books  the  architectural  student  can  possess." 

"This  original  and  important  work  contains,  in  109  large  plates, 
as  many  Architectural  Examples,  Ornaments,  and  Antiquities,  as 
on  the  ordinary  plan  of  publishing  would  suffice  for  at  least  twenty 
folios." 

"  Mr.  Carter  was  the  first  to  point  out  to  the  public  the  right 
way  of  delineating  and  representing  the  component  and  detached 
parts  of  the  Old  Buildings  of  England.  His  National  Work  on 
Ancient  Architecture  occupied  him,  in  drawing,  etching,  arrang 
ing,  and  publishing,  more  than  twenty  years.  It  is  highly  valu 
able."—  Britten's  Arch.  Antiq.,  v.  38,  68. 

"  This  Collection  supplied  a  want  which  has  long  been  felt,  and 
enabled  the  architect  to  do  his  work." — Lon.  Quarterly  Review. 

Mr.  Carter  pub.  many  criticisms  in  the  Gent.  Mag., 
1798-1817,  upon  Architectural  Innovation,  in  which  he 
severely  censures  the  alterations  made  in  the  cathedrals 
of  Salisbury,  Durham,  Lichfield,  Ac. 

"The  enthusiastic  zeal  of  that  able  draughtsman  and  antiquary 
was  undoubtedly  effectual  in  checking  the  mutilation  of  ancient 
monuments.  '  WE  NE'ER  SHALL  LOOK  UPON  HIS  LIKE  AGAIN.'" — PLGIN. 

See,  also,  Memoir  of  John  Carter,  by  W.  J.  Dampicr, 
p.  Svo. 


CAR 

Carter,  Landon,  of  Virginia.  Con.  to  Trans.  Amer. 
Soc.,  i.  274,  1789 ;  on  the  Fly-Weevil  that  destroys  the 
wheat. 

Carter,  Matthew.  Expedition  of  Kent,  Essex,  and 
Colchester,  Lon.,  1650,  8vo. 

"This  tract  records  several  particulars  not  noticed  by  Lord 
Clarendon  and  our  general  historians."— LOWNDES. 

Honour  Redivivus,  or  the  Analysis  of  Honour  and  Har 
mony,  1660,  '65,  73,  8vo. 

Carter,  Nathaniel  Hazeltine,  1788?- 1830,  a 
poet,  was  a  native  of  New  Hampshire.  Letters  from 
Europe,  1827,  2  vols.  8vo.  His  longest  poetical  piece  was 
The  Pains  of  Imagination,  delivered  at  Dartmouth  Col 
lege.  See  Specimens  of  Amer.  Poetry  for  his  Hymn  for 
Christmas. 

Carter,  Nicholas,  D.D.  Sermons,  1716-57,  4to 
and  8vo. 

Carter,  Peter.  A  Latin  treatise,  Lon.,  1563,  8vo; 
in  Johannis  Setoni  Dialecticam  Annotationes,  Ac. 

Carter,  Ralph.  Trial  of  George  Timewell,  Lon., 
1748,  8vo. 

Carter,  Richard.  The  Schismatick  stigmatized, 
Lon.,  1641,  8vo. 

Carter,  Samuel.  Legal  Reports  and  Treatises, 
Lon.,  1688-1737. 

Carter,  Thomas.     Serms.,  1645,  Ac. 
Carter,  Thomas,  1768-1800,  a  musical  composer, 
was  the  author  of  "  0  Nanny,  wilt  thou  gang  with  me  ?" 
"  Stand  to  your  guns,  my  hearts  of  oak,"  &c. 

Carter,  Thomas  Thelluson,  Rector  of  Clewer. 
1.  Doctrine  of  the  Priesthood,  1857,  8vo.  2.  Life  of  Bishop 
Armstrong,  fcp.,  1857,  8vo  :  see  ARMSTRONG,  JOHN,  D.D. 
3.  Sermons. 

Carter,  William.     Serms.,  1642,  '48,  '54 
Carter,  William,  or  Wooll.  Publications  on  Trade, 
Ac.,  Lon.,  1671-94. 

Carter,  William,  M.  D.  Med.  Treatises,  Lon., 
1771,  72. 

Carter,  William,  Lt.  A  Detail  of  the  several  En 
gagements,  Ac.  of  the  Royal  and  American  Armies,1775- 
76,  Lon.,  1784,  4to. 

Carteret,  John,  Viscount  Carteret  and  Earl  Gran- 
ville,  1690-1763,  contributed  to  S.  Buckley's  3d  letter  to 
Dr.  Mead,  respecting  B.'s  edit,  of  Thuanus,  a  character  of 
that  historian,  (v.  p.  21,)  and  favoured  Buckley  with  some 
useful  hints  concerning  the  enterprise.  See  BUCKLEY, 
SAMUEL,  and  CARTE,  THOMAS. 

Johnson  excused  his  Letter  on  the  Battle  of  Dettingen 
upon  the  plea  of  want  of  practice ;  and  his  lordship  him 
self  did  not  consider  it  a  classical  piece  of  composition^ 
for  he  remarked,  when  he  had  finished  it, 

"  Here  is  a  letter  expressed  in  terms  not  good  enough  for  a  tal 
low-chandler  to  have  used." 

His  lordship,  however,  had  learning,  if  he  lacked  style, 
and  turned  it  to  profitable  account  in  procuring  MSS.  for 
Dr.  Bentley's  use  when  urging  him  to  undertake  a  new 
edition  of  Homer.  In  this  connection,  an  anecdote  occurs 
to  us,  too  good  to  be  omitted : 

The  great  Bentley,  who  was  known  to  old  Lady  Gran- 
ville  only  as  "  the  country  clergyman,"  when  in  town 
would  spend  the  evenings  with  Lord  Carteret  in  classica 
conversations.  On  one  occasion  Lady  Granville  rebukec 
her  son  for  having  kept  "  the  country  clergyman"  up  th 
night  before  till  he  became  intoxicated.  His  lordship 
denied  that  his  friend  was  in  such  an  unclerical  condition 
Lady  Granville  replied  that  "the  clergyman  could  no 
have  sung  in  so  ridiculous  a  manner,  unless  he  had  been 
in  liquor."  "  The  truth  was,  that  the  singing  thus  mis 
taken  by  her  ladyship,  was  Dr.  Bentley's  endeavour  to  in 
struct  and  entertain  his  noble  friend  by  reciting  Terence 
according  to  the  true  cantilena  of  the  ancients !" 

Amidst  his  lordship's  struggles  for  place  and  power,  hi 
had  an  affectation  of  saying — "  I  love  my  fireside."  Thi 
gave  rise  to  the  amusing  poetical  satire  by  Hawkin 
Browne,  entitled,  The  Fire-side ;  a  Pastoral  Soliloquy 
He  gave  a  copy  of  the  Bible  to  a  friend,  who  shortly  afte 
displayed  it  to  him  in  an  elegant  binding.  "You  hav 
done  with  it,"  said  his  lordship,  "  as  the  king  has  don 
with  me  :  he  made  me  fine,  and  he  laid  me  by." 

"  Lord  Granville  had  great  parts,  and  a  most  uncommon  share  o 
learning  for  a  man  of  quality.     He  was  one  of  the  best  speakers  in 
the  House  of  Lords,  both  in  the  declamatory  and  the  argumentativ 
way.  . .  .  His  character  may  be  summed  up  in  nice  precision,  quic 
decision,  and  unbridled  presumption." — LORD  CHESTERFIELD. 

Carteret,  Capt.  Philip.  Voyage  round  the  Worl 
in  1766,  '67,  '68,  '69  :  see  Hawkesworth's  Voyages,  i.  522 
1773.  Con.  to  Phil.  Trans.,  1770  :  of  Camelopardalis  foun 
at  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope. 


CAR 

Carthew,  Thomas.     Reports  of  Cases  in  the  King'* 
Bench  from  3d  Jas.  II.  to  12  Will.  III.,  Lon.,  1728,  fol. ; 
d  edit,  with  additions,  1741,  fol. 
"  Carthew,  in  general,  is  a  good  reporter." — LORD  KENYON. 
"I  own  that  he  is  in  general  a  very  good  and  a  very  faithful  re- 
wrter,  but  I  lancy  he  was  mistaken  in  the  case  of  Leigh  v.  Brace." 
—CHIEF  JUSTICE  WILLES. 

"  Carthew  and  Counterbach  are  equally  bad  authority."— LORD 
HURLOW. 

Now  the  lawyers  may  settle  this  case  for  the  judges,  as 
hey  think  best.  It  is  too  knotty  for  a  layman. 

Cartouche,  L.  D.  His  Life  and  Actions,  Lon.,. 
1722,  8vo. 

Cartwright,  Mrs.  Novels  and  Memoirs,  Lon.,  1779, 
80,  '85,  'b7,  12mo. 

Cartwright,  Charles,  M.D.  His  unfortunate  Ad 
ventures,  Lon.,  1741,  8vo. 

Cartwright,  Charles.    Commercial  Treatises,  1782,. 

5,  8vo. 

Cartwright,  Christopher,  1602-1658.  Electa  Tar- 
guraico-Rabbinica;  sive  adnotationes  in  Genesin  ex  trip- 
lici  Targum,  Ac.,  Lon.,  1648,  12mo.  Idem  in  Exodum, 
1653,  12mo. 

"  The  Targums  referred  to  are  those  of  Onkelos,  Jonathan,  and 
the  Jerusalem.  Rabbi  Solomon,  Aben  Ezra,  and  other  Jewish 
writers,  are  often  quoted.  The  Septuagint,  and  the  versions  of 
Aquila,  Theodotion,  and  Symmachus,  are  also  used." — ORME. 

Mellificium  Hebraicum,  sive  observationes  ex  Hebrae- 
orum  Antiquiorum  monumentis  desumptae,  Ac.  j  in  the 
8th  vol.  of  the  Critici  Sacri,  pp.  1271,  1426. 

It  applies  successfully  the  Rabbinical  writings  to  the  illustra 
tions  of  the  Scriptures." — ORME. 

"  To  our  learned  countryman,  Cartwright,  belongs  the  honour 
of  being  the  first  who  applied  the  more  ancient  writings  of  the 
Jews  to  the  illustration  of  the  Bible.  He  was  followed  in  the 
same  path  of  literature  by  Drusius,  whose  Prccterita  sive  Annota 
tiones  in  Totum  Jesu  Christi  Testamentum,  (4to,  Fran.,  1612,)  con 
tain  many  valuable  illustrations  of  the  New  Testament.  Some 
additions  were  subsequently  made  to  his  work  by  Balthasar 
Scheidius,  whose  Praeterita  Praeteritorum  are  included  in  the 
publication  of  Meuschen — Novum  Testamentum  ex  Talmude, 
&c.,  Lipsize,  1736,  4to."— T.  H.  HORNE. 

Cartwright  pub.  some  other  works. 

Cartwright,  Edmund,  1743-1823,  a  Fellow  of  Mag 
dalen  College,  Oxford.  Constantia,  1768,  4to.  Almine  and 
Elvira,  1775,  4to;  9th  edit.,  with  other  poems,  1804,  8vo. 
The  Prince  of  Peace,  and  other  poems,  1779,  4to.  Sonnets 
to  Eminent  Men,  1783,  4to.  A  Memorial,  1800,  8vo. 
Serms.,  1802,  '08,  8vo.  Letters  and  Sonnets  addressed  to 
Lord  John  Russell,  1807,  12mo. 

"  Almost  of  historical  value  in  reference  to  the  present  high 
standing  of  his  lordship,  the  letters  being  early  attempts  at  direct 
ing  his  j  udgment  and  improving  his  literary  tastes." 

Cartwright,  Eliza.  To  this  lady  we  are  Jndebted 
for  the  literary  portion  of  Mr.  John  Gilbert's  Chrono 
logical  Pictures  of  English  History,  Lon.,  imp.  fol. 

"An  elegant  mode  of  insinuating  a  knowledge  of  English  His 
tory." — Asiatic  Journal. 

Cartwright,  Frances  D.  The  Life  and  Corre 
spondence  of  her  uncle,  Major  (John)  Cartwright,  Lon,, 
2  vols.  8vo.  This  work  contains  a  map  of  his  discoveries 
and  explorations  in  the  interior  of  Newfoundland,  re 
marks  on  the  situation  of  the  Aborigines,  correspondence 
with  President  Jefferson,  Ac. 

"  An  entertaining  and  rather  curious  piece  of  biography."— 
Lon.  Monthly  Review,  July,  1826. 

Cartwright,  Francis.  Life,  Confession,  Ac.,  Lon., 
1621,  4tb. 

Cartwright,  George.  The  Heroic  Lover,  Lon., 
1661,  8vo. 

Cartwright,  George.  Journal  of  nearly  16  years' 
Residence  in  the  Coast  of  Labrador,  Newark,  1792,  3 
vols.  4to. 

"  The  annals  of  his  Campaigns  among  the  Foxes  and  Beavers 
interested  me  more  than  ever  did  the  exploits  of  Marlborough  or 
Frederick;  besides.  I  saw  plain  truth  and  the  heart  in  Cartwright's 
Book ;  and  in  what  history  could  I  look  for  these  ?  The  print  is 
an  excellent  likeness." — COLERIDGE. 

Cartwright,  J.     Serm.,  Lon.,  1791,  8vo. 

Cartwright,  John.  A  Preacher's  Travels,  Lon., 
1611,  4to.  See  Purchas's  Pilgrim,  vol.  ii.,  and  Osburne's 
Voyages,  i.  709,  1745. 

Cartwright,  Major  John,  1740-1824,  of  the  Royal 
Navy,  and  Major  in  the  Nottinghamshire  Militia,  was  a 
warm  friend  of  the  Independence  of  America,  and  refused 
to  fight  against  her  liberties.  In  1774  he  pub.  American 
Independence  the  Glory  and  Interest  of  Great  Britain  ;  2d 
edit,  1775.  A  list  of  his  political  pamphlets  will  be  found 
in  Watt's  Bib.  Brit.  His  Life  and  Correspondence  by  his 
niece  are  noticed  above.  He  corresponded  with  a  number 
of  American  gentlemen,  and  at  home  was  an  earnest  advo 
cate  of  annual  parliaments  and  universal  suffrage.  The 

349 


CAR 


CAR 


following  eulogy  upon  his  character  from  a  distinguished 
source  is  worthy  of  quotation : 

"  He  was  one  whose  enlightened  mind  and  profound  constitu 
tional  knowledge  placed  him  in  the  highest  rank  of  public  cha 
racter,  and  whose  purity  of  principle  and  consistency  of  conduct 
through  life  commanded  the  most  respectful  attention  to  his  opi 
nions." — CHARLES  JAMES  Fox. 

Cartwrignt,  Thomas,  1535P-1603,  a  celebrated  Pu 
ritan  divine,  was  a  native  of  Hertfordshire.  He  was  ad 
mitted  of  St.  John's  College,  Cambridge,  in  1550,  and  in 
1560  was  chosen  Fellow.  In  1567  he  commenced  B.D., 
and  in  1570  was  chosen  Lady  Margaret  Divinity  Reader. 
His  lectures  gave  great  offence  to  Archbishop  Grindal,  who 
complained  to  Sir  William  Cecil,  Chancellor  of  the  Uni 
versity,  that  the  students  were  "  in  danger  to  be  poisoned 
with  a  love  of  contention  and  a  liking  of  novelty."  Dr. 
Whitgift  also  found  fault,  not  only  with  his  public  state 
ments,  but  also  with  "  what  he  had  uttered  to  him  in  pri 
vate  conference."  He  was  forbidden  to  read  any  more 
lectures  until  further  orders,  and  in  1571,  when  Dr.  Whit- 
gift  became  Vice-Chancellor  of  the  University,  Cartwright 
was  deprived  of  his  Professorship,  and  in  1572  his  Fellow 
ship  was  taken  from  him.  He  visited  the  Continent,  where 
he  remained  for  some  years,  and,  returning,  followed  up 
Field  and  Wilcox's  admonition  to  the  Parliament  by  a 
Second  Admonition  for  relief  against  the  subscription  re 
quired  by  the  ecclesiastical  commissioners,  1572.  To  this 
Dr.  Whitgift  pub.  an  answer  the  same  year.  Cartwright  j 
replied  in  1573,  and  Whitgift  responded  in  1574,  which  ' 
last  elicited  two  more  publications  from  Cartwright  in  1575 
and  1577.  To  the  disgrace  of  the  government,  he  was 
several  times  imprisoned,  and  his  health  injured  by  con 
finement  and  bad  treatment.  An  Admonition  to  the  People 
of  England,  Ac.,  Lon.,  1589,  4to.  A  Briefe  Apologie,  Ac., 
Lon.,  1596,  4to.  In  librum  Salomonis  qui  inscribitur  Ec- 
clesiastes,  Ac.,  Lon.,  1604,  4to.  Metaphrasis  et  Homiliae 
in  Ecclesiasten,  Marp.  Catt.,  1604,  8vo ;  Amst.,  1632,  '47, 
4to.  Comment,  upon  Epistle  to  the  Romans,  Lon.,  1612, 
4to.  A  Body  of  Divinity,  Lon.,  1616,  4to.  A  Confutation 
of  the  Rhemish  Translation,  Glosses,  and  Annotations  on 
the  New  Testament,  1618,  fol. 

'  "  It  came  forth  privately  without  license,  and  seems  to  have  been 
printed  abroad."— Strype's  Annals. 

"  The  confutation  of  the  English  Roman  Catholic  version  of  the 
New  Testament  displays  the  writer's  extensive  acquaintance  with 
the  Scriptures,  and  the  power  of  his  controversial  talents.  All  the 
passages  in  dispute  between  Catholics  and  Protestants  are  largely 
discussed."— ORME. 

"  In  1749  a  new  edition  of  the  Anglo-Romish  Bible,  with  some 
alterations  in  the  text,  and  many  in  the  notes,  was  published  from 
the  copy  of  Dr.  Chaloner,  titular  bishop  of  Debra,  and  one  of  the 
vicars-apostolic  of  the  Romish  Church  in  England.  Various  other 
editions  have  been  printed  at  different  times  and  in  different  sizes." 
— T.  H.  HORNE. 

Commentarii  in  Proverbia  Salomonis,  Ac.,  Lug.  Bat., 
1617,  fol. ;  Amst,,  1638,  4to.  The  Pope's  Deadlie  Wound, 
Ac.,  Lon.,  1621,  4to.  Commentaria  Practicain  totum  His- 
toriam  Evangelicam,  ex  quatuor  Evangelistis  harmonice 
concinnatum,  1630,  fol. ;  elegantly  printed  by  Elzevir  at 
Amst.,  1647,  4to,  under  the  title  Harmonia  Evangelica,  Ac. 
An  English  version  appeared  in  1650.  A  Directory  for 
Church  Government,  1644,  4to. 

"  Cartwright  was  the  leader  of  the  Puritans,  and  remarkable  for 
his  extensive  acquaintance  with  the  Scriptures,  and  the  power  of 
his  controversial  talents." — PARK. 

"  He  continued  his  diligence  and  assiduities  in  his  studies  even 
in  his  old  age ;  and  his  usual  manner  was  to  rise  at  two,  three,  and 
four  o'clock  in  the  morning  at  the  latest,  both  summer  and  winter; 
notwithstanding  that  his  bodily  infirmities  were  such  that  he  was 
forced  to  study  continually  upon  his  knees.  .  .  .  His  manner  was 
not  to  keep  any  more  money  in  his  purse,  but  what  might  serve 
for  charitable  uses.  He  was  very  bountiful  to  poor  scholars.  He 
distributed  money  every  Sabbath-day  among  the  poor  of  the  town 
of  Warwick,  besides  what  he  gave  to  the  prisoners,  and  upon  other 
occasions  both  at  home  and  abroad."— Clarke's  Lives  of  32  English 
Divines,  <£c. 

"  One  saith,  <  for  riches,  he  sought  them  not,'  and  another  saith, 
'that  he  died  rich;'  and  I  believe  both  say  true;  God  sometimes 
making  wealth  to  find  them  who  seek  not  for  it.  seeing  many  and 
great  were  his  benefactors."— Fuller's  Worthies. 

See  Biog.  Brit.;  Zouch's  Walton's  Lives;  Strype's  Par 
ker  ;  Strype's  Grindal ;  Peck's  Desiderata. 

Cartwright,  Thomas,  1634-1689,  supposed  to  be 
grandson  to  the  preceding,  was  a  native  of  Northampton. 
He  was  educated  at  Magdalen  Hall,  Oxford,  but  was  re 
moved  to  Queen's  College  by  the  Parliamentary  Visitors 
in  1649;  Prebendary  of  Durham,  1672;  Dean  of  Ripon, 
1677;  Bishop  of  Chester,  1686.  He  was  one  of  the  Com 
missioners  in  the  attempt  made  by  James  II.  to  control  the 
President  and  Fellows  of  Magdalen  College.  Sermons, 
Speech,  Ac.,  1662-87. 

We  can  say  nothing  in  commendation  of  Bishop  Cart 
wright. 

350 


Cartwright,  Thomas,  of  Q.  College,  Oxf.  Serms., 
1659,  4to. 

Cartwright,  William,  1611-1643,  anative  of  North- 
way,  Gloucestershire,  was  educated  at  Westminster,  and 
Christ  Church,  Oxford.  He  took  holy  orders  in  1638. 

"  He  became  the  most  florid  and  seraphical  preacher  in  the  Uni 
versity.  .  .  .  His  preaching  was  so  graceful  and  profound  withal, 
that  none  of  his  time  or  age  went  beyond  him." — Athen.  Oxon. 

But  he  seems  to  have  been  unwilling  to  relinquish  the 
society  of  the  Muses.  He  pub.  The  Royal  Slave ;  a  Tragi- 
Comedy,  Oxf.,  1639,  4to;  1640,  4to.  To  the  Earl  of  Pem 
broke  and  Montgomery,  1641,  fol.  Comedies.  Tragi-Come- 
dies,  with  other  Poems,  1641.  Poemata  Graeca  et  Latina, 
and  some  other  pieces.  In  1643  he  was  chosen  Junior 
Proctor  of  the  University  of  Oxford,  and  Reader  in  Meta 
physics,  and  died  the  same  year  of  a  malignant  fever.  An 
edit,  of  his  Plays  and  Poems  was  pub.  in  1651,  8vo,  pre 
ceded  by  fifty  copies  of  verses,  highly  eulogistic,  from  the 
chief  literary  characters  of  the  day.  Of  this  edit,  some 
copies  contain  more  matter  than  others.  See  Bliss's  Wood's 
Athen.  Oxon.  Perhaps  there  is  no  instance  in  the  annals 
of  English  literature  of  an  author  more  admired  by  his 
contemporaries  of  distinction  than  Cartwright  appears  to 
have  been.  Indeed,  he  is  now  better  known  by  the  praises 
of  others  than  by  his  own  works.  These,  with  the  excep 
tion  of  his  plays,  which  are  now  entirely  neglected,  consist 
principally  of  political  addresses  to  distinguished  characters 
of  the  day.  We  quote  a  few  of  the  commendations  which 
were  showered  so  profusely  upon  Cartwright  and  his  me 
mory: 

"  Cartwright,  rare  Cartwright,  to  whom  all  must  bow, 
That  was  best  preacher,  and  best  poet  too ; 
Whose  learned  fancy  never  was  at  rest, 
But  always  labouring,  yet  labour' d  least."— JOHN  LEIGH. 
"  His  style  so  pleases  the  judicious  Gown, 
As  that  there's  something  too  for  Wits  o'  th'  town : 
Rough-handed  Critics  do  approve,  and  yet 
'Tis  treasure  for  the  Ladies  cabinet." — RALPH  BATHURST. 
«  Cartwright  is  the  utmost  man  can  come  to."— Da.  EELL,  Bishop 
of  Oxford.     See  also  Mayne's  and  Stapylton's  lines. 
"  My  son  Cartwright  writes  all  like  a  man."— BEX.  JONSON. 
"  He  was  another  Tully  and  Virgil,  as  being  most  excellent  for 
oratory  and  poetry,  in  which  faculties,  as  also  in  the  Greek  tongue, 
he  was  so  full  and  absolute,  that  those  who  knew  him  best,  knew 
not  in  which  he  most  excelled.  ...  If  the  wits  read  his  poems,  di 
vines  his  sermons,  and  philosophers  his  lectures  on  Aristotle's 
metaphysics,  they  would  scarce  believe  that  he  died  at  a  little  above 
thirty  years  of  age."— ANTHONY  WOOD. 

"  He  was  extremely  remarkable  both  for  his  outward  and  inward 

endowments, — his  body  being  as  handsome  as  his  soul.  .  .  .  He  was 

an  excellent  orator,  and  yet  an  admirable  poet, — a  quality  which 

Cicero  with  all  his  pains  could  not  attain  to."— GERARD  LANGBAINE. 

Cartwright,  William.  Stenography,  Lon.,1652,12mo. 

Cartwright,  Rev.  William.     Seasons  of  Life;  a 

Poem,  1786,  8vo. 

Cams,  William,  Canon  of  Winchester.  Sermon, 
1  Tim.  iv.  16,  Camb.,  1845,  8vo.  Memoirs  of  the  Life  of 
Charles  Simeon ;  with  a  Selection  from  his  Writings  and 
Correspondence,  Lon..,  1847,  8vo. 

Carvalho,  S.  IV.,  of  Baltimore,  accompanied  Col. 
Fremont  in  one  of  his  exploring-tours.  Perilous  Adven 
tures  in  the  Far  West,  N:  York,  1856,  12mo. 

Carve,  Thomas,  Tipperariensis,  a  priest,  Apos 
tolic  Notary,  and  Vicar-Choral  of  St.  Stephen's,  b.  1590, 
living  in  1672,  when  he  pub.  his  Responsio  Veridica.  1. 
Itinerarivm,  (Pars  I.,)  Mogunt,  1639,  18mo.  Editio  tertia 
auctior  correctior,  1640,  18mo.  Pars  II.,  1641,  ISino. 
Pars  III.,  Spirae,  1646,  18mo.  The  Itinerarium  was  also 
pub.  in  German,  1640,  18mo.  2.  Rerum  German icum, 
1617-41;  s.  1.;  1641,  12mo.  3.  Lyra,  seu  Anacephalaeosis 
Hibernica,  Ac.,  Viennse,  Austriae,  (1651,)  4to.  Editio  se- 
cunda,  Sulzbaci,  1666,  4to.  Nicolson  says  that  the  first 
ed.  was  in  1660.  4.  Responsio  Veridica  ad  illotum  Libel- 
lum,  Solisbaci,  1672,  18mo.  See  an  account  of  Carve's 
j  very  rare  works  in  Bibliotheca  Grenvilliana,  vol.  i.  118- 
119.  See  also  Bp.  Nicolson's  Irish  Hist.  Lib.,  ed.  1776,  9. 
Carver,  J.  Treatise  on  Arithmetic,  1815. 
Carver,  Capt.  Jonathan,  1732-1780,  a  native  of 
Stillwater,  Connecticut,  commanded  a  company  in  the 
French  War.  He  travelled  7000  miles,  being  absent  two 
years  and  five  months,  through  the  interior  portions  of 
North  America,  with  a  design  to  the  public  benefit.  In 
1778  he  pub.  Travels  through  the  interior  parts  of  North 
America  in  the  years  1766,  '67,  and  '68,  Lon.,  8vo ;  3d  edit, 
with  an  account  of  his  Life  by  Dr.  Lettsom,  Lon.,  1781,  Svo. 
He  died  in  great  poverty,  and  it  was  owing  to  Dr.  Lettsom's 
account  of  his  sufferings  and  ill-requited  labours  for  the 
English  government, that  the  Literary  Fund  was  established. 
Carver  also  pub.  A  Treatise  on  the  Culture  of  the  Tobacco 
Plant,  Lon.,  1779,  Svo.  The  New  Universal  Traveller, 
Lon.,  1779,  fol.  This  is  not  his  production,  but  he  is  said 


CAR 

to  have  lent  his  name  to  it.    An  edit,  of  his  Travels  was 
pub.  at  Boston  in  1797. 

"  There  is  much  information  in  this  work  respecting  that  part 
of  America  which  has  lately  attracted  so  much  attention  from  its 
vicinity  to  the  supposed  northwest  passage;  it  is  in  all  other  re 
spects,  except  natural  history,  an  interesting  and  instructive  work. 
—Stevenson's  Voyages  and  Travels. 

Carver,  Marmaduke.    Sermons,  Lon.,  1662,  '66, 8vo. 

Carwell,  Thomas.  Labyrinthus  Cantuariensis  j  or 
Dr.  Laud's  Labyrinth,  Paris,  1658,  fol. 

Carwithen,  J.B.  S.,  1781-1832,  P.  Curate  of  Sand 
hurst,  Berks,  1810  ;  of  Frimley,  Hants,  1814.  A  View  of 
the  Brahminical  Religion,  Lon.,  1810.  Hist,  of  the  Church 
of  England ;  2d  edit.,  Oxf.,  1849,  2  vols.  sm.  8vo :  for  re 
view,  see  Brit.  Crit.,  vii.  45,  and  xiv.  45. 

Carwithin,  Rev.  William.  The  Seasons  of  Life : 
a  Poem  in  four  parts,  1788,  8vo. 

Cary.     Solemn  Call  to  Baptism,  1690,  8vo. 

Cary,  Anthony,  fourth  Viscount  Falkland,  wrote  Pro 
logues  to  The  Old  Bachelor,  and  to  Otway's  Soldier's 
Fortune. 

Cary,  Sir  George.  Reports  of  Cases  in  Chancery, 
Ac.,  Lon.,  1650;  1655,  Svo;  1820,  12mo. 

Cary,  Henry,  Earl  of  Monmouth.     See  CAREY. 

Cary,  Henry,  first  Viscount  Falkland,  d.  1633,  was 
sent  to  Exeter  College,  Oxford,  at  the  age  of  16,  where  he 
acquired  distinction  by  his  talents.  He  was  Comptroller 
of  the  Household,  and  in  1622  created  Lord  Deputy  of 
Ireland.  The  History  of  King  Edward;  pub.  from  Lord 
Falkland's  MS.  in  1680,  fol.  and  Svo.  A  Letter  to  James  I. 
Epitaph  on  Elizabeth,  Countess  of  Huntingdon.  These 
were  all  that  were  pub.  from  a  number  of  MS.  works. 

"  He  was  a  most  accomplished  gentleman,  and  complete  cour 
tier."—  Fuller's  Worthies. 

"  Lord  Falkland  seems  to  have  been  more  distinguished  by  his 
rectitude  than  abilities."— DR.  LELAND  :  Hist,  of  Ireland. 

"  Lord  Falkland,  instead  of  enriching  himself  by  his  great  places, 
wasted  a  full  fortune  at  court,  in  those  offices  and  employments  by 
which  other  men  use  to  obtain  a  greater." — EARL  OF  CLARENDON  : 
Hist,  of  the  Rebellion. 

Cary,  Henry.  Poems  on  several  occasions,  Lon.,  1720, 
12mo;  1729,  4to. 

Cary,  Henry.  Fruit  of  Pleading,  in  Sir  Edward 
Coke's  Reports,  Lon.,  1601,  Svo.  The  Law  of  England; 
or  a  true  Guide  for  all  Persons  concerned  in  Ecclesiastical 
Courts,  Lon.,  1666,  12mo. 

Cary , Henry.  The  Law  of  Partnership,  Lon.,1 827,8vo. 

"  Cary  on  Partnership  has  nothing  in  particular  to  recommend 
it,  except  it  be  the  addition  of  new  Cases,  arising  since  the  publi 
cation  of  Mr.  Gow,  [4th  edit,  of  Gow,  Lon.,  1841,  8vo.]"— 3  Kent's 
Com.,  69. 

On  the  Statutes  relating  to  Offences  against  the  Person, 
Lon.,  1S28,  12mo.  A  Commentary  on  the  Tenures  of  Lit 
tleton,  written  prior  to  the  publication  of  Coke  upon  Lit 
tleton.  Edited  by  Henry  Cary  from  the  MSS.  in  the  British 
Museum,  Lon.,  1829,  Svo.  The  author  of  this  Commentary 
lived  temp.  James  I. ;  his  name  is  unknown.  Some  of  his 
illustrations  have  been  highly  commended,  but 

"As  far  as  authority  is  concerned,  no  newly-discovered  and 
anonymous  manuscript  can  compete  with  the  reputation  of  the 
First  Institute."  See  Hoffman's  Legal  Study ;  Marvin's  Leg.  Bibl. 

Cary,  Henry,  of  Worcester  College,  Oxford,  son  of 
the  translator  of  Dante,  Ac.  Testimonies  of  the  Fathers, 
&c.,  Oxf.,  1835,  Svo. 

"  This  work  may  be  classed  with  those  of  Pearson  and  Bishop 
Bull;  and  such  a  classification  is  not  a  mean  honour." — Church  of 
England  Quarterly. 

Memorials  of  the  Great  Civil  War  in  England  from  1646 
to  1652,  Lon.,  1842,  2  vols.  Svo. 

"  We  can  safely  recommend  this  work  to  all  lovers  of  historical 
literature." — Lon.  Literary  Gazette. 

Mr.  Cary  has  edited  new  edits,  of  his  father's  Early 
French  Poets,  Lives  of  English  Poets,  and  trans,  of  Dante, 
and  also  some  of  the  works  of  WM.  CAVE,  (q.  v.) 

Cary,  Henry  Francis,  1772-1844,  a  native  of  Bir 
mingham,  pub.  at  the  age  of  15  An  irregular  Ode  to  Genera] 
Elliott,  Lon.,  1787,  4to,  and  in  the  next  year  Sonnets  and 
Odes,  1797,  4to.  At  18  he  was  entered  as  a  Commoner  of 
Christ  Church,  Oxford ;  M.A.,  1796 ;  Vicar  of  Bromley's, 
Abbat's,  1797;  assistant  Librarian  in  the  Brit.  Museum, 
1826.  He  was  in  receipt  of  a  pension  from  the  Govern 
ment  of  £200  per  year.  Ode  to  General  Kosciusko,  Lon., 
1797,  4to.  Inferno  of  Dante,  with  an  English  trans,  in 
Blank  Verse ;  Notes  and  Life  of  the  Author,  Lon.,  1806, 
'22,  fp.  Svo ;  2d  edit.,  with  the  Inferno,  together  with  the 
Purgatorio  and  Paradiso,  1813,  3  vols.  32mo.  A  trans,  of 
the  Birds  of  Aristophanes  and  of  the  Odes  of  Pindar.  New 
edit,  of  the  trans,  of  Dante,  revised  by  the  translator's  sons, 
1847,  p.  Svo.  Lives  of  English  Poets,  from  Johnson  to 
Kirke  White;  designed  as  a  continuation  to  Johnson's 
Lives,  edited  by  Mr.  C.'s  son,  Lon.,  1846, 12mo.  The  Early 


CAR 

French  Poets :  a  Series  of  Notices  and  Translations,  edited 
and  with  introduc.  by  Mr.  Gary's  son,  Lon.,  1847,  12mo. 
The  contents  of  the  last  two  works  were  originally  pub. 
anon,  in  the  Old  London  Magazine.  Mr.  C.  also  edited 
the  poetical  works  of  Pope,  Cowper,  Milton,  Thomson,  and 
Young.  In  1847  (2  vols.  p.  Svo)  his  son,  REV.  HENRY 
CARY,  (q.  v.)  pub.  Memoirs  of  the  Rev.  Henry  Francis 
Cary  :  with  his  Literary  Journal  and  Letters.  Mr.  C.  was 
buried  in  Poets'  Corner,  Westminster  Abbey.  His  trans, 
of  Dante  cannot  be  too  highly  commended  :  its  merits  were 
perceived  and  brought  to  public  attention  by  Samuel  Taylor 
Coleridge. 

"Of  all  the  translators  of  Dante  with  whom  we  are  acquainted, 
Mr.  Cary  is  the  most  successful;  and  we  cannot  but  consider  his 
work  as  a  great  acquisition  to  the  English  reader.  It  is  executed 
with  a  fidelity  almost  without  example." — Edin.  Review,  No.  58. 

"Mr.  Cary's  translation — the  best  we  have  ever  read  of  any  work." 
—Lon.  Quarterly  Revieiv,  July,  1823. 

"  Cary's  version  of  Dante  is  universally  allowed  to  be  one  of  the 
most  masterly  productions  of  modern  times." 

"  A  translation  of  magnitude  and  difficulty,  executed  with  per 
fect  fidelity  and  admirable  skill."— SOUTHEY. 

With  Cary's  trans.,  and  Flaxman's  Designs,  the  reader 
may  consider  himself  in  possession  of  a  treasure. 

"  Mr.  Flaxman  has  translated  Dante  best,  for  he  has  translated 
it  into  the  universal  language  of  Nature." 

As  to  the  great  poet  himself,  nothing  need  here  be  said : — 
let  timid  young  poets  beware  of  him,  for 

"  Shelley  always  says,  that  reading  Dante  is  unfavourable  to 
writing,  from  its  superiority  to  all  possible  compositions."— BYRON. 

"  That  wise  poet  of  Florence,  hight  Dant ."—CHAUCER. 

Cary,  Henry  !Lucius,  third  Viscount  Falkland,  was 
the  only  son  of  Lucius  Cary,  the  great  Lord  Falkland,  d. 
1663,  wrote  The  Marriage  Night;  a  Play,  Lon.,  1664, 4to; 
erroneously  ascribed  by  Wood  to  his  lordship's  son. 

"  Being  brought  early  into  the  House  of  Commons,  and  a  grave 
senator  objecting  to  his  youth,  and  to  his  not  looking  as  if  he  had 
sowed  his  wild  oats,  he  replied  with  great  quickness,  '  Then  I  am 
come  to  the  properest  place,  where  are  so  many  geese  to  pick  them 
up.'  "—HORACE  WALPOLE. 

"  He  was  a  man  of  great  abilities,  and  well  versed  in  every  kind 
of  literature." — Douglass's  Peerage. 

"  His  quick  and  extraordinary  parts  and  notable  spirit  performed 
much,  and  promised  more." — Lloyd's  State  Worthies. 

"  His  play  contains  a  great  deal  of  true  wit  and  satire." — Siog. 
Dramat. 

"  He  was  cut  off  in  the  prime  of  his  years,  and  was  as  much  missed 
when  dead  as  beloved  when  living :  being  a  person  eminent  for  hia 
extraordinary  parts  and  heroick  spirit." — Langbaine's  Dram.  Poets. 

Cary,  J.  W.  Acts  of  the  Apostles,  with  Notes,  Lon., 
1842,  18mo. 

Cary,  John.    Rights  of  the  Commons,  Lon.,  1718,  Svo. 

Cary,  John,  of  Bristol.  Treatises  on  Political  Eco 
nomy,  Politics,  and  Trade,  1695-1745.  Discourse  on  Trade 
and  other  Matters  relative  to  it,  Lon.,  1745,  Svo. 

"  However  little  it  deserved  such  an  honour,  this  work  was  made 
the  foundation  of  a  French  publication  entitled  Essai  Sur  L'Etat 
Du  Commerce  D'Angleterre,  2  vols.  post  8vo,  Paris,  1755. 

"The  latter,  however,  contains  much  additional  matter,  and  is 
in  all  respects  a  more  valuable  work  than  that  of  Cary."— McCuir 
LOCH  :  Lit.  Polit.  Economy. 

Cary,  or  Carey,  John.  New  Itinerary  through. 
England,  Wales,  &c.,  Lon.,  1798,  Svo ;  10th  edit.,  1821,  Svo. 

"  A  popular  and  highly  useful  work."— LOWNDES. 

Gary  pub.  several  other  topographical  works,  1786-1801. 

Cary,  Lucius,  second  Viscount  Falkland,  b.  about 
1610,  killed  at  the  battle  of  Newbury,  1643,  was  a  son  of 
Henry,  first  Viscount  Falkland.  He  was  educated  at 
Trinity  College,  Dublin,  and  became  distinguished  for  his 
uncommon  proficiency  in  classical  and  general  literature. 
His  death  at  an  early  age  in  defence  of  his  sovereign,  was 
greatly  lamented.  Speeches,  1640,  '41.  Draft  of  a  Speech 
of  Episcopacy,  1644.  Discourse  upon  the  Infallibility  of 
the  Church  of  Rome,  1645,  4to.  Holland,  a  Romish  priest, 
answered  this  Discourse.  A  View  of  some  Exceptions 
made  against  the  Discourse  on  the  Infallibility  of  the 
Church  of  Rome,  Oxf.,  1646,  4to.  Discourse  and  Reply 
printed  together,  1651,  4to ;  with  T.  White's  Answer,  Lon., 
1660,  4to.  A  Letter  to  Mr.  F.  M.,  anno  1636;  at  the  end 
of  C.  Gataker's  Answer  to  Five  Copious  Questions,  Ac., 
1673,  4to.  His  lordship  also  wrote  some  other  pieces,  po 
etical,  Ac. 

Wood  says  that  it  was  the  current  opinion  of  the  Uni 
versity  of  Oxford,  that  Chillingworth  and  Falkland  had 
such  extraordinary  clear  reason,  that  if  the  great  Turk  or 
the  Devil  were  to  be  converted,  they  were  able  to  do  it. 

Horace  Walpole,  with  his  usual  pertness,  attempts  to 
disparage  the  ardent  eulogies  with  which  Falkland's  me 
mory  was  honoured ;  but  Horace  was  a  much  better  judge 
of  a  Faenza  Vase  or  a  Poussin  landscape  than  of  the  value 
of  any  historical  testimony.  Hear  Lord  Clarendon  and 
other  good  judges : 

"He  was  a  person  of  such  prodigious  parts  of  learning  and 


CAR 


CAS 


knowledge,  of  that  inestimable  sweetness  and  delight  in  conversa 
tion,  of  so  flowing  and  obliging  a  humanity  and  goodness  to  man 
kind,  and  of  that  primitive  simplicity  and  integrity  of  life,  that 
if  there  were  no  other  brand  upon  this  odious  and  accursed  civil 
•war  than  that  single  loss,  it  must  be  most  infamous  and  execrable 
to  all  posterity."— History  of  the  Rebellion. 

"  Lord  Falkland's  usual  saying  was — 'I  pity  unlearned  gentle 
men  on  a  rainy  day.' " — LLOYD. 

"  He  was  the  envy  of  this  age.  and  will  be  the  wonder  of  the 
next."— Triplet's  Epist.  Dedic.  before  the  Discourse  of  Infallibility  ; 
1651. 

"  He  was  the  greatest  ornament  to  our  nation  that  the  last  age 
produced." — Oressy's  Epist.  Apolngetical,  1674. 

"As  for  his  parts,  which  speak  him  better  than  any  elegy,  they 
•were  incomparable,  and  needed  no  supplies  of  industry." — Athen. 
Oxon. 

"  A  person  of  great  wit,  conspicuous  for  his  natural  perfections ; 
in  his  printed  writings  there  is  an  incomparable  happy  mixture  of 
that  great,  beautiful,  charming  thing  called  wit." — Genuine  Re 
mains  of  Dr.  Barlow,  1673. 

We  will  conclude  with  Suckling's  character  of  this  noble 
writer : 

"  He  was  of  late  so  gone  with  divinity, 
That  he  had  almost  forgot  his  poetry, 
Though  to  say  the  truth  (and  Apollo  did  know  it,) 
He  might  have  been  both  his  priest  and  his  poet." 

The  Session  of  Poets  ;  in  Fragmenta  Aurea,  or  Poems,  Lon.,  1648, 
8vo. 

Cary,  M.     Theological  treatises,  Lon.,  1647-53,  4to. 

Cary,  Mordecai,  d.  1752,  Bishop  of  Clonfert,  trans 
lated  to  Killala,  1735.  Serm.,  Jas.  i.  27,  Dubl.,  1744,  4to. 

Cary,  Philip.  Reply  to  R.  Burthegge  on  Infant 
Baptism,  Lon.,  1684,  12mo. 

Cary,  Richard.  Le  ngcessaire  use  et  fruit  de  les 
Pleadings,  conteine  en  le  Livre  de  Edw.  Coke,  avesque  un 
collection  de  commemorable  cases  sparsim  cite  en  les  argu 
ments  de  mesme  les  reports.  Al  queux  est  auxi  adde,  un 
pleine  et  perfect  table  de  les  choses  conteinus  en  ycel,  Lon., 
1601, 8vo.  This  would  appear  to  be  Henry  Cary'sbook,(a«te.) 

Cary,  Robert,  Earl  of  Monmouth.    See  CAREY. 

Cary,  Robert,  1615?-1688,  great-nephew  of  Sir 
George  Gary,  Lord  Deputy  «f  Ireland  temp.  Elizabeth, 
was  a  native  of  Devon.  He  was  admitted  of  Exeter  Col 
lege,  Oxford,  in  1631;  Doctor  of  Laws,  1644;  Archdeacon 
of  Exeter,  1662.  Palaeologia  Chronica;  a  Chronological 
Account  of  Ancient  Time ;  in  three  parts :  1.  Didactical. 
2.  Apodeictical.  3.  Canonical,  Lon.,  1677,  fol.  This  is 
an  excellent  work. 

"  He  was  in  his  young  years  pretty  well  skilled  in  poetry,  as  well 
Latin  as  English :  though  he  published  nothing  in  this  kind,  but 
those  Hymns  of  our  Church,  that  are  appointed  to  be  read  after 
the  Lessons,  together  with  the  Creed,  &c."— _»<>#.  Brit. 

"  He  was  accounted  very  learned  in  curious  and  critical  learn 
ing." — Athen.  Oxon. 

Cary,  Samuel,  d.  1815,  aged  30,  a  minister  of  Bos 
ton,  Massachusetts,  pub.  Serms.,  &c.,  1806-15. 

Cary,  Thomas.  Serms.,  1691,  4to.  A  trans,  of  the 
Sieur  de  la  Serre's  Mirrour  which  flatters  not;  with  some 
verses  by  the  translator,  1639,  8vo. 

"  This  Booke,  which  expresseth  to  thee  in  a  Mirrour  a  dying  life, 
and  life-devouring  Death,  layes  thee  open  to  thyself^,  reader,  in 
such  a  happie  shape  of  truth,  and  so  cleare  a  light  of  a  sublime 
style,  that  thou  canst  not  scape  thyselfe.  Gaze  hereon  often,"  &o. 

Cary*  Thomas,  d.  1808,  aged  63,  a  minister  of  New- 
buryport,  Massachusetts,  pub.  Serms.,  Ac.,  1796-1801. 

Cary,  Mrs.  Virginia,  d.  1852.  Mutius,  a  story  of 
the  first  century,  pub.  about  1828.  Letters  on  Female 
Education,  pub.  about  1830.  Ruth  Churchill.  Mrs.  Gary 
contributed  many  tales,  essays,  and  poetical  compositions 
to  the  periodicals  of  the  day. 

Cary,  Carie,  or  Carye,  Walter.  A  Book  of  the 
Property  of  Herbes,  Lon.,  8vo,  sine  anno.  The  Hammer 
for  the  Stone,  1581,  16mo.  Carie's  Farewell  to  Physic, 
1583,  12ino;  1587,  16mo;  1611,  8vo. 

Cary,  Walter,  a  writer  on  Political  Economy.  The 
Present  State  of  England,  with  the  Paradox,  our  Fathers 
were  very  rich  with  little,  and  we  poor  with  much,  Lon., 
1627,  4to.  England's  Wants,  or  Several  Proposals  proba 
bly  beneficial  to  England;  offered  to  the  consideration  of 
all  good  Patriots  of  both  Houses  of  Parliament,  Lon., 
1685,  8vo. 

Caryl,  John,  supposed  to  have  been  a  native  of  Sus 
sex,  was  secretary  to  Queen  Mary,  the  consort  of  James 
II.,  and  followed  his  master  after  his  abdication.  He  was 
rewarded  by  knighthood,  and  the  title  of  Earl  Caryl  and 
Baron  Dartford.  The  English  Princess,  or  the  Death  of 
Richard  III.;  a  Tragedy,  1667,  4to.  Sir  Salomon,  or  the 
Cautious  Coxcomb ;  a  Comedy,  1671,  4to.  The  Psalms  of 
David,  trans,  from  the  Vulgate,  1700,  12mo.  In  Tonson's 
edit,  of  Ovid's  Epistles,  that  of  Briseis  to  Achilles  is  as- 
scribed  to  Caryl ;  and  he  trans,  the  first  Eclogue  of  Virgil, 
pub.  in  Nichols's  Select  Collection  of  Miscellany  Poems, 


vol.  i.     He  was  a  Roman  Catholic,  and  one  of  the  intimate 
friends  of  Alexander  Pope. 

"  I  have  been  assured  by  a  most  intimate  friend  of  Mr.  Pope's, 
that  the  Peer  in  the  Eape  of  the  Lock  was  Lord  Petre;  the  person 
who  desired  Mr.  Pope  to  write  it,  old  Mr.  Caryl  of  Sussex;  and 
that  what  was  said  of  Sir  George  Brown  in  it  was  the  very  picture 
of  the  man." — Spence's  Anecdotes  of  Pope,  Lon.,  1820. 

Caryl,  Joseph,  1602-1673,  an  eminent  Nonconform 
ist  divine,  a  commoner  at  Exeter  College,  Oxford;  ap 
pointed  one  of  the  Triers  for  the  approbation  of  ministers, 
1653 ;  ejected,  1662.  He  afterwards  preached  to  a  con 
gregation  in  the  neighbourhood  of  London  Bridge.  Serms., 
Lon.,  ]643,  '45,  '46,  '51,  '57.  Exposition,  with  Practical 
Observations,  on  the  Booke  of  Job,  1644-66,  12  vols.  4to: 
1669,  2  vols.  fol. 

"  It  is  a  most  elaborate,  learned,  judicious,  and  pious  work,  con 
taining  a  rich  fund  of  critical  and  practical  divinity." — DR.  E.  WIL 
LIAMS. 

"  This  is  the  most  ponderous  of  all  the  expositions  which  have 
been  published  on  this  part  of  Scripture.  ...  It  is  impossible  it 
can  be  useful,  as  no  man  can  endure  the  fatigue  of  toiling  through 
it.  ...  While  I  do  justice  to  the  piety  and  feelings  of  the  writer, 
I  cannot  approve  of  a  mode  of  treating  the  word  of  God,  which 
partakes  more  of  entombing  than  of  exhibiting  it." — ORME. 

"  A  complete  text-book  of  divinity." 

"  I  have  never  had  an  opportunity  of  examining  it ;  but  Walch 
eulogizes  it  in  very  high  terms.  (Biblioth.  Theol.,  vol.  iv.  p.  487.) 
It  is  now  very  little  read,  or  even  consulted;  few  readers  being 
able  to  wade  through  two  large  folio  volumes." — T.  H.  HORNE. 

"  Spiritual,  practical,  and  evangelical." — BICKERSTETH. 

Mr.  Berrie  has  pub.  extracts  from  Caryl's  Exposition  of 
Job,  18mo. 

Carysfort,  John  Joshua  Proby,  Earl  of.  Letter 
on  Universal  Suffrage,  Ac.,  1780,  8vo.  Thoughts  on  the 
Constitution,  1783,  8vo.  .  Revenge  of  Guendolin :  12 
printed.  Dramatic  and  Miscell.  Works,  Lon.,  1810,  2  vols. 
cr.  8vo. 

"Evidently  the  fruit  of  a  cultivated  mind  and  a  correct  taste, 
and  they  display  no  inconsiderable  stores  of  poetical  expression." 
—Lon.  Monthly  Review,  1811. 

Case,  Charles.     Thirteen  Serms.,  1774,  12mo. 

Case,  H.  Treatises  on  the  Scurvy,  Dropsy,  Ac., 
1676,  8vo. 

Case,  John,  M.D.,  d.  1600,  Fellow  of  St.  John's  Col 
lege,  Oxford ;  Prebendary  of  North  Aulton  in  the  Church 
of  Salisbury,  1589.  He  died  a  Roman  Catholic,  an  incli 
nation  to  which  religion  was  supposed  to  be  the  cause  of 
his  abandoning  his  Fellowship.  Summa  Veterum  Inter- 
pretum  in  universam  Logicam  Aristotelis,  Oxon.,  1585, 
4to;  Francf.,  1616,  8vo.  Speculum  Moralium  Questionum 
in  universam  Ethicam  Aristotelis,  Oxon.,  1585,  4toj 
Francf.,  1616,  8vo. 

"  The  first  book  printed  at  the  new  press  at  Oxford." — LOWNDES. 

Reflexis  Speculis  Moralis,  &c.,  Oxon.,  1584,  '96,  8vo. 
The  Praise  of  Musicke,  Oxf.,  1686,  8vo;  anon.  Wood  is 
uncertain  as  to  the  authorship  of  this  work.  Dr.  Farmer 
attributes  it  to  Case,  and  Thomas  Watson  compliments  the 
same  person  as  the  author.  See  Brit.  Bibliographer,  ii. 
543.  Thesaurus  (Economise,  &c.,  Oxf.,  1597,  '98,  8vo; 
Hanov.,  1598,  8vo.  Spaera  Civilitatis  sive  de  Politica, 
Oxf.,  1588,  4to;  Francf.,  1616,  8vo.  Lapis  Philosophicus, 
Ac.,  Arist.  Oxf.,  1599,  4to.  Other  works. 

"  He  was  the  most  noted  disputant  and  philosopher  that  ever 
before  set  foot  in  that  college,  [St.  John's,  Oxford.]  ...  A  man  of 
an  innocent,  meek,  religious,  and  studious  life,  of  a  facete  and  af 
fable  conversation,  a  lover  of  scholars,  beloved  of  them  again,  and 
had  in  high  veneration." — Athen.  Oxon. 

Case,  John,  M.D.,  a  famous  astrologer  and  quack, 
temp.  Anne,  was  a  native  of  Lyme-Regis,  in  Dorsetshire. 

"  He  was  looked  upon  as  the  successor  of  the  famous  Lilly, 
whose  magical  utensils  he  possessed.  These  he  would  sometimes 
expose  in  derision  to  his  intimate  friends;  and  particularly  'the 
dark  chamber  and  pictures,  where  Lilly  used  to  impose  npon 
people,  under  the  pretence  of  showing  them  persons  who  were  ab 
sent.'  " — Biographia  ;  GRANGKR. 

"  Dr.  Case  erased  the  verses  of  his  predecessor  out  of  the  sign 
post,  and  substituted  in  their  place  two  of  his  own,  which  were  as 
follows: 

"Within  this  place 
Lives  Doctor  Case. 

He  is  said  to  have  got  more  by  this  distich  than  Mr.  Dryden  did 
by  all  his  works."—  Tatler,  No.  240. 

Compendium  Anatomicum  nova  arte  institutum,  Lon., 
1694,  '95,  12mo. ;  Amst.,  1696,  12mo.  It  has  been  ques 
tioned  whether  Case  really  wrote  this  work.  It  espouses 
the  opinion  of  Harvey  and  De  Graaf  as  to  the  generation 
of  quadrupeds  and  other  animals  ab  ovo.  The  Words  of 
the  Key  to  Helmont,  Ac.,  Lon.,  1682,  4to.  Medical  Ex 
positor,  1698,  12mo.  The  Angelical  Guide,  shewing  Men 
and  Women  their  Lot  and  Chance  in  this  elementary  Life, 
Lon.,  1697,  8vo. 

"  This  is  one  of  the  most  profound  astrological  pieces  that  the 
world  ever  saw.  The  diagrams  would  probably  have  puzzled  Eu 
clid,  though  he  had  studied  astrology.  I  have  seen  the  doctor's 


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head  pasted  into  a  portfolio,  amidst  these  strange  diagrams,  with 
the  following  motto : 

'  Thron'd  in  the  centre  of  his  dark  designs.' 

Immediately  after  the  unintelligible  hieroglyphic  inscribed  '  Adam 
in  Paradise,'  is  this  passage,  which  I  have  selected  as  a  specimen 
of  the  work : 

" '  Thus  Adam  was  created  in  that  pleasant  place  Paradise,  about 
the  year  hefore  Christ  4002,  viz.,  on  April  24,  at  twelve  o'clock,  or 
midnight.  Now,  this  place  Paradise  is  in  Mesopotamia,  where  the 
pole  is  elevated  34  deg.  30  min.,  aud  the  sun  riseth  four  hours 
sooner  than  under  the  elevation  of  the  pole  at  London.' " — Gran 
ger's  Biog.  Hist. 

"  The  following  authentic  anecdote  of  Case  was  communicated 
to  me  by  the  Rev.  Mr.  Gosling,  in  these  terms: 

"  Dr.  Maundy,  formerly  of  Canterbury,  told  me,  that,  in  his 
travels  abroad,  some  eminent  physician,  who  had  been  in  England, 
gave  him  a  token  to  spend  at  his  return  with  Dr.  Eadnliffe  and  Dr. 
Case.  They  fixed  on  an  evening,  and  were  very  merry,  when  Dr. 
Radcliffe  thus  began  a  health :  '  Here,  brother  Case,  to  all  the  fools, 
your  patients.'  '  I  thank  you,  good  brother,'  replied  Case ;  '  let  me 
have  all  the  fools,  and  you  are  heartily  welcome  to  the  rest  of  the 
practice.'  " — Granger's  lifoff.  History. 

Case,  Luella  J.  B.,  a  native  of  New  Hampshire,  is 
a  daughter  of  Mr.  Bartlett,  and  was  married  in  1838  to  Mr. 
E.  Case.  She  is  at  present  a  resident  of  Cincinnati.  Her 
contributions,  both  in  prose  and  verse,  to  periodicals,  "  have 
been  generally  admired." —  Woman's  Record. 

Case,  R.  J.     Comment,    on   Proverbs   of    Solomon, 

1822,  12mo. 

Case,  Thomas,  1599-1682,  a  Nonconformist  divine, 
student  of  Christ  Church,  Oxford.  1616,  was  ejected  from 
the  living  of  Erpingham,  Norfolk ;  afterwards  Rector  of 
St.  Giles  in  the  Fields,  &c.  He  pub.  many  sermons,  1641- 
76,  and  was  the  originator  and  one  of  the  writers  of  the 
celebrated  Morning  Exercises,  at  Cripplegate,  St.  Giles  in 
the  Fields,  and  Southwark,  Lon.,  1677-90,  6  vols.  4to; 
new  edit.,  by  James  Nichols,  Lon.,  1846,  8vo. 

"In  fine,  the  six  volumes  will  give  you  such  a  variety,  both  of 
matters  and  of  talents,  that  I  could  wish  you  not  to  be  without 
them." — DR.  COTTON  MATHER. 

Case,  Rev.  Wheeler.  Poems,  &c.,  N.  Haven,  1778. 
Eevolutionary  Memorials ;  embracing  Poems  by  Kev.  W. 
C.,  N.  York,  1852. 

Case,  William.     Serms.,  Lon.,  1616, 4to. 

Case,  William,  Jr.  The  Minstrel's  Youth;  with 
other  Poems,  1801,  12mo.  Pictures  of  British  Female 
Poesy,  1803,  12mo. 

Casino.     A  Mock-Heroic  Poem,  Salisb.,  4to. 

Casley,  David.  Report  of  Committee  on  Cottonian 
Library,  <fec.,  with  an  Appendix,  by  D.  C.,  Lon.,  1732,  fol. 
A  Catalogue  of  the  MSS.  of  the  King's  Library,  an  appen 
dix  to  the  Cottonian  Library;  with  150  Specimens  of  the 
manner  of  Writing  in  different  Ages  from  the  3d  to  the  15th 
century.  The  "MSS.  of  the  King's  Library"  were  a  part 
of  the  munificent  donation  of  George  II.  to  the  British 
Museum.  It  comprises  the  literary  treasures  collected  by 
the  sovereigns  of  England  from  the  time  of  Henry  VII. 
The  magnificent  library  of  George  III.,  including  80,000 
volumes,  which  cost  his  majesty  £130,000,  was  also  confer 
red  upon  the  nation  by  George  IV.  The  most  important 
donation  to  the  British  Museum,  with  the  above  exception, 
was  the  library  of  the  Right  Hon.  Thomas  Grenville,  con 
taining  20,240  volumes,  which  cost  upwards  of  £54,000,  and 
would  bring  more  money  at  the  present  period.  See  Sims's 
Handbook  to  the  Library  of  the  British  Museum,  Lon.,  1854. 
We  should  not  omit  to  mention  that  Mr.  Casley  compiled 
the  Catalogue  of  the  Harleian  MSS.  from  2405  to  5709. 

Cason,  Edmond.  Letters  relating  to  the  redemption 
of  the  Captives  in  Algiers,  Lon.,  1647. 

Cass,  General  Lewis,  LL.D.,  b.  October  9, 1782,  at 
Exeter,  New  Hampshire,  was  called  to  the  Bar  in  1802; 
elected  a  member  of  the  Ohio  legislature  in  1806;  served 
in  the  war  against  England  1812-14;  appointed  Governor 
of  Michigan  1813 ;  which  post  he  held  until  1831,  when 
he  became  Secretary  of  War,  under  General  Jackson.  In 
1836  he  was  appointed  minister  to  France,  and  discharged 
the  duties  of  this  important  post  until  1842,  when  he  re 
quested  to  be  recalled.  In  1848  he  was  a  candidate  for  the 
Presidency  of  the  United  States,  and  received  the  electoral 
votes  of  half  the  States  of  the  Union.  In  the  hall  of  the 
Senate  at  Washington  General  Cass  long  held  a  com 
manding  influence.  In  1857  he  was  appointed  Secre 
tary  of  State  of  the  United  States.  As  a  writer,  he 
is  entitled  to  no  ordinary  commendation.  Specimens  of 
his  style  and  argumentative  powers  may  be  seen  in  his  In 
quiries  respecting  the  History,  Traditions,  Languages,  Ac. 
of  the  Indians  living  within  the  United  States,  Detroit, 

1823,  8vo,  and  in  the  Historical  and  Scientific  Sketches  of 
Michigan,  delivered  by  General  C.  and  Messrs.  Whiting, 
Biddle,  and  Schoolcraft.     See  also   the  North  American 
Review,  Nos.  1.  and  Iv.     General  Cass  has  given  to  the 
world  his  impressions  of  the  country  in  which  he  was  for 


six  years  a  resident,  in  his  work  entitled  France :  its  King, 
Court,  and  Government.  See  Outlines  of  the  Life  and  Cha 
racter  of  General  Cass,  by  H.  R.  Schoolcraft,  Albany,  1848, 
8vo ;  Sketches  of  the  Life  and  Public  Services  of  General 
Cass,  by  Wm.  T.  Young,  Detroit,  1852,  8vo  ;  Fifty  Years 
of  Public  Life :  The  Life  and  Times  of  Lewis  Cass,  by 
W.  L.  G.  Smith,  N.  York,  1856,  8vo. 

Cassan,  Stephen  Hyde,  1789-1841,  presented  to 
the  living  of  Bruton,  with  Wyke,  Champflower,  1831, 
Lives  and  Memoirs  of  the  Bishops  of  Sherborne  and  Salis 
bury,  705-1824,  Salisb.,  1824,  8vo.  Lives  of  the  Bishops 
of  Winchester,  from  Birinus  to  the  present  time,  Lon., 

1827,  2  vols.  8vo.     Lives  of  the  Bishops  of  Baths  and  Wells, 
from  the  earliest  to  the  present  time,  1829,  8vo.     Conside 
rations  respecting  the  Corporation  and  Test  Acts,  Lon., 

1828,  8vo. 

Cassel,  James,  M.D.  Med.  Advice  to  Masters  of 
Ships,  1814,  18mo. 

Cassin,  John,  born  1813,  in  Delaware  county,  Penn. 
Distinguished  Ornithologist.  Illustrations  of  the  Birds  of 
California  and  Texas,  8vo,  1855,  Phil.  Zoology  of  the  U. 
S.  Exploring  Expedition,  vol.  viii.,  (Quadrupeds  and  Birds,) 
4to,  1855.  Zoology  of  Gilliss's  U.  S.  Astronomical  Expe 
dition  to  Chili,  1855,  4to.  American  Ornithology:  A  Gene 
ral  Synopsis  of  N.  American  Ornithology;  containing  De 
scriptions  and  Figures  of  all  N.  American  Birds  not  given 
by  former  American  Authors,  after  the  manner  and  de 
signed  as  a  continuation  of  the  Works  of  Audubon ;  50 
coloured  plates,  Phila.,  1856,  8vo.  Ornithology  of  Icono- 
graphic  Encyclopedia,  N.Y.,  1851.  For  many  years  Mr. 
Cassin  has  been  an  active  member  of  the  Academy  of  Na 
tural  Sciences,  Philadelphia,  and  has  contrib.  many  articles 
to  its  Journal  since  1844. 

Castamore.  Conjugium  Languens,  Lon.,  1700,  4to : 
on  the  Mischiefs  arising  from  Conjugal  Infidelity. 

Castell,  Edmund,  1606-1685,  a  native  of  Hatley, 
in  Cambridgeshire,  was  entered  of  Emanuel  College, 
Cambridge,  1621;  he  afterwards  removed  to  St.  John's 
College  for  convenience  of  access  to  the  library,  in  the 
preparation  of  his  great  work,  the  Lexicon  Heptaglotton, 
Hebraicum,  Chaldaicum,  Syriacum,  Samaritanum,  Ethio- 
picum,  Arabicum,  conjunctim ;  et  Persicum  separatim,  Ac., 
Londini,  1669,  2  vols.  fol.  Some  copies  are  dated  1686. 
This  was  intended  as  a  companion  to  Bishop  Walton's 
Biblia  Sacra  Polyglotta,  Londini,  1657,  6  vols.  fol.  Castell 
assisted  upon  this  work,  also,  and  laid  out  more  than  £1000 
upon  it.  His  own  Lexicon  occupied  him  for  eighteen  years, 
and  cost  him  more  than  £12,000,  and  when  completed,  it  lay 
upon  his  hands  as  dead  stock,  with  the  exception  of  a  few 
copies  sold.  He  received  some  preferments,  but  nothing 
to  compensate  him  for  his  time  and  expense.  In  1666  he 
was  made  King's  Chaplain,  and  Arabic  Professor  at  Cam 
bridge  ;  in  1688,  Prebendary  of  Canterbury.  The  vicarage 
of  Hatfield,  Essex,  and  subsequently  the  rectory  of  Wode- 
ham  Walter,  were  bestowed  upon  him.  His  last  preferment 
was  the  rectory  of  Higham  Gobion,  Bedfordshire.  He 
pub.  some  learned  pieces,  1660,  '67,  4to.  About  500  copies, 
it  is  supposed,  of  his  Lexicon  were  unsold  at  the  time  of 
his  death.  A  melancholy  fate  was  theirs !  Hear  the  sad 
tale: 

"  These  were  placed  by  Mrs.  Crisp,  Dr.  Castell's  niece  and  execu 
trix,  in  a  room  of  one  of  her  tenant's  houses,  at  Martin,  in  Surrey, 
where,  for  many  years,  they  lay  at  the  mercy  of  the  rats ;  who  de 
stroyed  them  in  such  a  manner,  that,  on  the  lady's  death,  her  ex 
ecutors  could  scarcely  form  one  complete  copy  out  of  them.  The 
whole  load  of  learned  rags  sold  for  £7." — Biog.  Brit. 

It  was  a  happy  thing  that  the  good  old  man  never  saw 
that  sight ! 

To  Dr.  Lightfoot's  assistance  he  was  greatly  indebted. 
Whilst  preparing  this  work,  Castell  maintained  in  his  own 
house  and  at  his  own  expense  seven  Englishmen  and  seven 
foreigners  as  writers ;  all  of  whom  died  before  the  work 
was  completed.  His  reference  to  his  desolate  situation  and 
ill-requited  labours  at  the  end  of  the  third  page  of  the  Pre 
face,  is  truly  affecting: 

"  Socios  quidem  habui  hoc  opere,  sed  perexiguo  tempore  mecum 
in  illo  commorantes,  nescio  an  dicam,  immensitate  laboris  plane 
exteritos.  Per  pleures  annos,  jam  aetate  provectus,  et  una  cum 
patrimonio  satis  competenti,  exhaustis  etiam  animi  viribus,  oculis 
cahgantibus,  corporis  variis  in  hoc  opere  confractis,  et  dislocatis 
membris,  relictus  sum  solus,  sine  amanuensi,  aut  vel  correctore 
ullo." 

So  industrious  an  author  was  Castell,  that  he  informs  us, 

"I  considered  that  day  as  idle  and  dissatisfactory  in  which  I  did 
not  toil  sixteen  or  eighteen  hours  either  at  the  Polyglot  or  Lexicon." 

Mr.  Disraeli,  referring  to  Castell's  sad  experience,  de 
clares  that  "all  the  publishers  of  Polyglots  have  been 
ruined." 

"  Such  were  the  melancholy  circumstances  under  which  the  Lexi 
con  of  Castell  was  composed;  a  work  which  has  long  challenged 


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the  admiration,  and  defied  the  competition,  of  foreigners;  and 
which,  with  the  great  Polyglot  of  Walton,  its  inseparable  and  in 
valuable  companion,  has  raised  an  eternal  monument  of  literary 
fame."— Dibdin's  Greek  and  Latin  Classics. 

"  It  is  probably  the  greatest  and  most  perfect  work  of  the  kind 
ever  performed  by  human  industry  and  learning." — DK.  CLARKE. 

See  Dibdin's  Greek  and  Latin  Classics ;  Home's  Intro- 
duc.  to  the  Scriptures ;  Orme's  Bibl.  Bib.  ;  Biog.  Brit. 

Castell,  Robert.    Villas  of  the  Ancients,  1728,  fol. 

Castell,  William.  A  Petition  exhibited  to  the  High 
Court  of  Parliament,  for  the  Propagating  the  Gospel  in 
America  and  the  West  Indies,  and  for  settling  our  Colonies 
there,  1641,  4to.  A  Short  Discoverie  of  the  Coasts  of  the 
Continent  of  America,  from  the  Equinoctiall  Northward, 
and  of  the  Adjacent  Isles,  Lon.,  1644,  4to.  See  Osburne's 
Voyages,  ii.  733,  1745. 

Castildine.  Annual  Tables  of  the  Taxes,  1803,  '04,  &c. 

Castle,  George.  The  Chymical  Galenist,  Lon.,  8vo ; 
containing  Reflections  upon  March  Nudhome's  Medela 
Medicinae. 

Castle,  William.  Treatise  against  the  Jesuits,1642,4to. 

Castlehaven,  James  Touchet,  Earl  of,  Baron 
Audley.  Memoirs  of  his  Engagement  and  Carriage  in  the 
Wars  of  Ireland,  1642-51;  1680,  12mo;  suppressed,  and 
very  rare ;  2d  edit.,  enlarged,  1684. 

"  I  lay  these  my  Memoirs  at  your  Majestie's  feet,  and  I  pass  them 
on  my  word  not  to  contain  a  lie,  or  a  mistake,  to  my  knowledge." 
—Dedication  to  James  II.,  afterwards  cancelled. 

See  a  specimen,  and  a  notice,  of  tracts  elicited  by  this 
volume  in  Park's  Walpole's  R.  and  N.  Authors;  also  see 
Athen.  Oxon. 

"  James,  Duke  of  Ormond,  finding  himself  and  his  government 
of  Ireland  therein  reflected  upon  with  great  disadvantage,  as  he 
thought,  he  wrote  and  published  a  letter  to  the  Earl  of  Anglesey, 
dated  at  Dublin,  Nov.  12,  1681,  to  vindicate  himself.  Anglesey 
thereupon  made  a  reply  in  another,  &c." — Athen.  Oxon. 

"  If  this  lord,  [Castlehaven,]  who  led  a  very  martial  life,  had  not 
taken  pains  to  record  his  own  actions,  (which  however  he  has  done 
with  great  frankness  and  ingenuity,)  we  should  know  little  of  his 
story,  our  historians  scarce  mentioning  him." — HORACE  WALPOLE. 

Castlemain,  Roger  Palmer,  Earl  of,  husband 
of  the  infamous  Duchess  of  Cleveland,  was  ambassador 
from  James  II.  to  the  Pope,  of  which  Embassy  an  account 
was  pub.  by  Michael  Wright  in  Italian,  Rom.,  1687;  in 
English,  with  addits.,  Lon.,  1688,  fol.  "  A  splendid  book." 
His  lordship  pub.  several  works.  An  Account  of  the  pre 
sent  War  between  the  Venitians  and  the  Turks,  Lon., 
1666,  sm.  12mo. 

"  In  the  dedication  he  discovers  that  the  Turk  is  the  Great  Le 
viathan,  and  that  renegades  lose  their  talents  for  sea  affairs." — 
HORACE  WALPOLE. 

A  Short  and  True  Account  of  the  material  Passages  in 
the  late  War  between  the  English  and  Dutch  in  the  Savoy, 
1671,  8vo.  Manifesto,  1681,  sm.  8vo.  This  is  a  defence 
of  himself  from  Tuberville's  charge  that  he  was  concerned 
in  the  popish  plot.  An  Apology  in  behalf  of  the  Papists, 
8vo;  reprinted  and  answered  by  Dr.  Lloyd,  Bishop  of  St. 
Asaph,  Lon.,  1667,  4to ;  this  led  to  a  controversy,  which 
produced  several  tracts.  See  Biog.  Brit,  and  Park's  Wal 
pole's  R.  and  N.  Authors.  The  Compendium ;  or  a  short 
View  of  the  Trials  in  relation  to  the  present  [Popish]  plot, 
Lon.,  1679,  4to. 

"  This  piece  is  ascribed  to  him,  but  I  cannot  affirm  it  to  be  of  his 
writing.  I  believe  he  wrote  other  things,  but  I  have  not  met  with 
them." — HORACE  WALPOLE. 

Castleman,  John.     Serin.,  1744,  4to. 

Castleman,  Richard.  His  Voyage,  Shipwreck, 
and  Miraculous  Escape,  with  a  description  of  Pennsylva 
nia,  and  the  City  of  Philadelphia.  This  will  be  found  ap 
pended  to  the  account  of  the  Voyages  and  Adventures  of 
Captain  Robert  Boyle,  Lon.,  1726,  8vo,  pp.  374. 

"  Boyle's  narrative  is  probably  a  fictitious  one ;  but  that  of 
Castleman  bears  marks  of  authenticity.  The  latter's  visit  to 
Philadelphia  took  place  in  1710.  Boyle's  Voyages  have  been  often 
reprinted;  but  Castleman's  relation  is  Only  to  be  found  in  the 
early  editions."— Rich's  Bibliothem  Americana  Nova. 

Castlereagh,  Robert  Stewart,  Lord  Viscount, 
1769-1822,  a  distinguished  statesman.  Speeches:  viz., 
On  the  Union,  Lon.,  1800,  8vo;  Bullion  Committee,  1811, 
*™*K-C*tholic  Potions,  1810»  8v°5  Earl  Stanhope's 
?•  u  v '  ?'  ,Memoirs  and  Correspondence,  edited  by 
his  brother,  the  Marquis  of  Londonderry,  Lon.,  1848-51, 
8  vols.  8vo. 

«  This  valuable  publication  gives  us  a  new  insight  into  history 
We  are  always  thankful  to  get  State  Papers  at  length ''-X 
Atnenceum. 

"The  most  valuable  contribution  to  modern  historv  fhaf  wo 
know  of.  Without  these  records  it  is  impossible  for  any  man  To 
say  that  up  to  this  moment  he  has  had  the  opportunity  of  know 
ing  the  real  history  of  the  Irish  Rebellion  and  Union.»_X^ 
Morning  Herald. 

"  A  work  of  the  highest  and  most  universal  interest." Lon 

Morning  Chronicle. 


"The  work  is  equally  valuable  to  the  historian  and  the  poli 
tician."— John  Bull. 

"I  cannot  adequately  express  the  gratification  and  interest 
these  papers  have  afforded  me.  I  consider  them  as  invaluable 
materials  for  history." — SIR  ARCHIBALD  ALISON. 

Castlereagh,  Lord- Viscount,  Marquis  of 
Londonderry,  nephew  of  the  preceding.  Narrative  of 
his  Journey  to  Damascus  from  Egypt,  Nubia,  Arabia 
Petraea,  Palestine,  and  Syria,  with  illustrations,  Lon., 
1847,  2  vols.  p.  8vo. 

"  These  volumes  are  replete  with  new  impressions,  and  are  espe 
cially  characterized  by  great  power  of  lively  and  graphic  descrip 
tion."— ion.  New  Monthly  Mag. 

"  Lord  Castlereagh's  Journey  includes  his  lordship's  voyage  up 
the  Nile  to  the  second  cataract — his  account  of  the  Pyramids, 
Luxor,  Philae,  Thebes,  and  all  the  wonderful  monuments  of  the 
ancient  world  accessible  to  the  traveller — his  visits  to  Mount  Sinai 
and  other  places  famous  in  Biblical  history — his  descriptions  of 
Bethlehem,  Jerusalem,  and  the  sacred  localities  of  Christianity — 
his  characteristic  sketches  of  the  modern  Egyptians.  Arabs,  Ar 
menians,  Jews,  Druses,  and  Turks,  and  his  personal  recollections 
of  Mehemet  Ali  and  the  nobles  of  his  Court,  the  great  Sheiks  of 
the  Desert,  and  the  Princesses  of  the  Lebanon.  To  future  tourists 
in  the  East  the  work  will  be  extremely  valuable." — Lon.  Globe. 

Castles,  John.     Sugar  Ants,  Phil.  Trans.,  1790. 

Castres,  Abr.     Suppressing  Beggary,  Lon.,  1726,  4to. 

Castro,  Chris.  Merchant's  Assistant,  Lon.,  1742,  8vo. 

Casus,  John.     See  CASE. 

Caswall,  E.     Serms.,  Lon.,  1846,  8vo. 

Caswall,  George.     The  Trifler;  a  Satire,  1767,  4to. 

Caswall,  Henry.  America  and  the  American  Church, 
Lon.,  p.  8vo,  1849.  The  Prophet  of  the  19th  Century, 
or  the  Rise,  Ac.  of  the  Mormons  or  Latter  Day  Saints, 
1843,  p.  8vo.  City  of  the  Mormons,  12mo,  1842.  Mr. 
Caswall  gives  an  interesting  account  of  the  vilest  system 
of  consummate  hypocrisy,  stupid  credulity,  and  disgusting 
licentiousness,  which  the  present  day  has  witnessed.  It 
is  to  be  hoped  that  the  leaders  of  this  wicked  delusion — 
who  openly  set  the  laws  of  God  and  man  at  defiance — will 
speedily  be  arrested  by  that  Justice  which  has  too  long 
slumbered.  To  call  such  a  system  as  Mormonism  a  "re 
ligion,"  is  something  worse  than  ridiculous. 

Caswell,  John.  Mathemat.  Con.  to  Phil.  Trans., 
1695-1704. 

Catcott,  A.  S.     Theological  treatises. 

Catcott,  Alexander.  Eighteen  Sermons,  Lon., 
1752,  8vo ;  1767,  8vo.  Separate  Serms.,  1736,  &c.  A 
Treatise  on  the  Deluge,  Lon.,  1762,  8vo;  1767,  8vo. 

"This  work  is  framed  on  the  principles  of  Hutchinson,  and  con 
tains  what  the  author  considers  a  full  explanation  of  the  Scripture 
history  of  the  flood.  .  .  .  Parkhurst  speaks  very  respectfully  of  it 
in  his  Hebrew  Lexicon.  Mr.  Catcott  was  the  author  of  several 
single  sermons ;  all  of  them  strongly  marked  with  the  peculiarities 
of  his  philosophico-theological  system.  He  also  wrote  a  Latin 
work  On  the  True  and  Sacred  Philosophy,  as  lately  explained  by 
John  Hutchinson,  Esq.  This  has  been  lately  translated,  and  pub 
lished,  with  notes,  &c.,  by  A.  Maxwell,  Lou.,  1821,  8vo." — ORME. 

"  Catcott  was  the  most  celebrated,  next  to  Spearman,  of  the 
Hutchinsonian  philosophical  school." 

"  One  of  the  best  of  the  school  of  Hutchinson,  though  he  par 
took  somewhat  of  the  spirit,  and  entered  into  the  visions,  of  his 
preceptor." — Edin.  Eeview. 

Catcott,  George  J.,  or  S.  Pen  Park  Hole,  Brist., 
1792,  8vo  ;  account  of  a  descent  into  this  cavern. 

Cateline,  Jeremy.  Rules,  &c.  of  the  Ordinence  of 
Parliament,  1648,  8vo. 

Cater,  Samuel.  Apostate  Conscience,  Lon.,  1683, 8ro. 

Catesby,  Lady  Juliet.  Letters  to  Lady  Camply, 
1760,  12mo. 

Catesby,  Mark,  1680  ?-1749,  an  eminent  naturalist, 
resided  in  Virginia  from  1712  to  1719,  and  on  his  return 
to  England  was  persuaded  by  Sir  Hans  Sloane  and  other 
naturalists  to  revisit  America  for  the  purpose  of  delineat 
ing  the  botanical  and  zoological  curiosities  which  he  might 
discover.  He  arrived  at  Carolina  in  1722,  and  spent  about 
three  years  on  the  Continent,  and  some  time  in  the  Baha 
ma  Islands ;  returning  to  England  in  1726.  He  pub.  in 
numbers,  from  1731  to  1748,  The  Natural  History  of  Caro 
lina,  Florida,  and  the  Bahama  Islands,  2  vols.  fol.  The 
figures  were  etched  by  himself;  new  edit.,  revised  by 
George  Edwards,  1754,  2  vols.  fol.;  another  edit.,  with  a 
Linnaean  Index  and  Appendix,  1771,  2  vols.  fol. 

"  In  this  splendid  performance,  the  curious  are  gratified  with  tha 
figures  of  many  of  the  most  beautiful  trees,  shrubs,  and  herbaceous 
plants  that  adorn  the  gardens  of  the  present  time."  See  Pulteuoy's 
Sketches  of  Botany ;  Mich's  Americana  Bibliotheca  Nova. 

Hortus  Europae  Americanus,  Lon.,  1767,  fol.  (posth.) 
On  Birds  of  Passage.  Vide  Phil.  Trans.,  1747.  His 
name  has  been  perpetuated  by  Gronovius  in  the  plant  de 
nominated  Catesbceia.  Weston  ascribes  to  him  The  Prac 
tical  Farmer,  or  Herefordshire  Husbandman,  12mo.  A 
Plan  of  an  Experimental  Farm,  8vo.  Uniting  and  Monopo 
lizing  Farms  proved  disadvantageous  to  the  Landowners. 


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CAT 


Cathcart,  Hon.  George,  Major-General,  K.C.B., 
Governor  and  Commander-in-Chief  at  the  Cape  of  Good 
Hope,  b.  1794,  third  son  of  the  late  Earl  Cathcart,  has 
served  in  the  army  in  various  parts  of  the  world,  and  was 
aide-de-camp  to  the  Duke  of  Wellington  at  the  battle  of 
Waterloo.  He  sailed  from  England,  February  7,  1852, 
shortly  after  his  appointment,  to  assume  his  duties  at  the 
Cape  of  Good  Hope.  He  has  lately  pub.  Commentaries 
on  the  War  in  Russia  and  Germany,  1812-13. 

"  This  humble,  but  authentic,  contribution  to  the  general  stock 
of  materials  from  which  historical  knowledge  is  to  be  derived,  is 
offered  as  the  testimony  of  an  eye-witness  of  much  he  has" recorded, 
and  one  who  had  peculiar  opportunities  of  correct  information  re 
specting  the  rest." — Author's  Preface. 

"  We  owe  Colonel  Cathcart's  solid  and  unpretending  volume  a 
notice.  .  .  .  Sound,  concise,  and  pregnant.  It  seems  to  us  to  be 
equally  valuable  for  its  facts  and  its  commentaries." — Lon.  Quart. 
Review. 

"  As  a  treatise  on  the  Science  of  War,  these  Commentaries  ought 
to  find  their  way  into  the  hands  of  every  soldier.  In  them  is  to 
be  found  an  accurate  record  of  events  of  which  no  military  man 
should  be  ignorant." — Lon.  Morning  Chronicle. 

We  have  to  add  to  the  above  that,  in  Dec.,  1853,  Major- 
Gen.  Cathcart  was  appointed  Adjutant-General  to  the 
Forces,  vice  Lieut.-Gen.  Sir  George  Brown,  K.C.B.,  re 
signed.  Major-Gen.  C.  was  one  of  the  first  victims  to  the  de 
solating  spirit  of  war  which  raged  in  the  Crimea  1853-55. 

Cathcart,  John.  Letter  to  Admiral  Vernon,  Lon., 
1744,  8vo. 

Catherall,  Samuel.  Serm.  and  other  publications, 
1692-1721. 

Catherine  Parr,  d.  1548,  sixth  and  last  consort  of 
Henry  VIII.,  wrote  Queen  Catherine  Parr's  Lamentation 
of  a  Sinner  bewailing  the  ignorance  of  her  blind  Life; 
found  among  her  papers  after  her  death,  and  pub.  with  a 
preface  by  Secretary  Cecil,  (afterwards  Lord  Burleigh,) 
Lon.,  1548,  and  1563,  8vo. 

"  This  was  a  contrite  meditation  on  the  years  she  had  passed  in 
popery,  in  fasts  and  pilgrimages."  See  Wai  pole's  R.  &  N.  Authors. 

In  her  lifetime  she  pub.  Prayers  or  Meditations,  wherein 
the  mynd  is  stirred  patiently  to  suffre  all  afflictions  here, 
to  set  at  nought  the  vaine  prosperitie  of  this  world,  and 
always  to  long  for  the  everlastynge  felicitee.  Collected 
out  of  (certayne)  holy  woorkes  by  the  most  virtuous  and 
gracious  princesse  Katherine,  queene  of  Englande,  France, 
and  Irelande.  Printed  by  John  Wayland,  1545,  12mo, 
and  1546,  '47,  '48,  and  '63  :  these  early  edits,  have  been 
sold  for  3  to  7  guineas,  according  to  condition.  It  was  re- 
pub,  by  the  Religious  Tract  Society,  Lon.,  1831,  c.  64mo, 
and  it  will  be  found  in  The  Writings  of  the  British  Re 
formers,  (Lon.,  12  vols.  12mo,)  vol.  xi. 

Catherwood,  John,  M.D.  Apoplexia,  Lon.,  1715. 
'35,  8vo. 

Cathrall,  Isaac,  M.D.,  d.  1819,  aged  55,  a  physician 
of  Philadelphia,  studied  in  that  city,  and  in  London,  Edin 
burgh,  and  Paris.  During  the  prevalence  of  the  yellow 
fever  in  Philadelphia,  he  attended  the  sick,  and  even  dis 
sected  those  who  died  of  the  disease.  He  died  of  the 
apoplexy.  Remarks  on  the  Yellow  Fever,  1794.  An  edit, 
of  Buchan's  Domestic  Medicine,  with  Notes,  1797.  Con. 
to  Annals  of  Med.,  Lon.,  1798 ;  to  Med.  Facts,  1800  ;  to 
Trans.  Amer.  Philos.  Society,  (on  the  Black  Vomit,)  1800. 
In  conjunction  with  Dr.  Currie,  a  pamphlet  on  the  Yellow 
Fever,  1802. 

"  He  was  a  judicious  physician,  a  skilful  anatomist  and  sur 
geon  ;  a  man  of  rigid  morality  and  inflexible  integrity ;  and  truly 
estimable  in  the  relations  of  a  son,  husband,  and  father."  See 
Thacher's  Med.  Biography. 

CatJew,  Samuel.  Theological  and  Educational 
works,  1788-1808. 

Catley,  Ann.  Memoirs  of,  by  Miss  Ambross,  1790, 
8vo  ;  another,  entitled  Life  and  Memoirs  of  A.  C.  sine  anno. 

Catlin,  George,  is  well  known  for  his  eight  years' 
adventures  among  the  North  American  Indians  in  his  per 
severing  investigations  into  the  manners  and  customs  of 
a  people  who  will  soon  be  only  known  by  the  records  of 
Mr.  Catlin,  and  gentlemen  who  have  laboured  in  the  same 
field.  Mr.  C.  took  a  number  of  Indians,  and  many  of 
their  national  curiosities,  with  him  to  Europe,  and  at 
tracted  much  attention  by  his  interesting  exhibitions. 

"The  public  has  fully  confirmed  the  opinion  we  formerly  pro 
nounced  on  Catlin's  Indian  Gallery,  as  the  most  Interesting  exhi 
bition  which,  in  our  recollection,  had  been  opened  in  London." 

Lon.  Athenaum. 

Illustrations  of  the  Manners,  Customs,  and  Condition 
of  the  North  American  Indians,  written  during  Eight 
Years  of  Travel  and  Adventure  among  the  Wildest  and 
most  Remarkable  Tribes  now  existing.  With  above  300 
steel-plate  illustrations,  taken  from  the  numerous  Paint 
ings  in  his  Indian  Museum,  now  exhibiting  in  Egyptian 


Hall,  Piccadilly,  London,  1841,  2  vols.  r.  8vo ;  5th   edit. 
1846,  £2  2«. 

"  Mr.  Catlin  is  the  historian  of  the  Red  Races  of  mankind;  of  a 
past  world,  or  at  least  of  a  world  fast  passing  away,  leaving  hardly 
a  trace  or  wreck  behind.  Eight  years  has  he  devoted  to  this  me 
morable  task,  and  with  his  pen  and  pencil  has  brought  the  ex 
istence  of  these  wild  and  uncivilized  beings  so  vividly  before  our 
eyes,  that  we  seem  to  have  accompanied  him  in  his  wanderings, 
seen  them,  mixed  with  them,  and  impressed  the  recollection  of 
their  forms  and  features,  their  costumes,  strange  customs,  feasts, 
ceremonies,  religious  rites,  wars,  dances,  sports,  and  other  modes 
of  life,  distinctly  upon  our  minds.  And  it  is  impossible  not  to  be 
led  away  by  his  devoted  enthusiasm,  and  feel,  like  himself,  a  deep 
concern  for  these  remaining  children  of  the  prairie  and  the  forest, 
the  last  fragment  of  dying  nations,  and,  with  all  the  errors  of  their 
condition,  a  splendid  variety  of  the  genus  Man." — Lon.  Literary 
Gazette. 

"  A  unique  work;  a  book  of  extraordinary  interest  and  value; 
we  need  not  recommend  it  to  the  world,  for  it  is  beyond  all  praise." 
— Lon.  Athenaeum. 

"  One  of  the  most  valuable  books  that  has  appeared  in  the  pre 
sent  century.  We  predict  the  greatest  success  for  this  work." — 
Lon.  Planet. 

"  A  faithful  and  well-authenticated  declaration,  not  only  of  a 

most  interesting  portion  of  the  globe,  as  it  at  present  exists,  in  a 

state  of  nature,  but  of  a  race  of  innocent,  unoffending  men  so 

rapidly  perishing,  that  too  truly  it  may  be  said  of  them, 

'  Apparent  rari  nantes  in  gurgite  vasto.' " 

Lon.  Quarterly  Review. 

The  North  American  Portfolio  of  Hunting  Scenes,  and 
Amusements  of  the  Rocky  Mountains  and  Prairies  of 
America ;  from  Drawings  and  Notes  of  the  Author,  made 
during  Eight  Years'  Travel  amongst  Forty-Eight  of  the 
Wildest  and  most  Remote  Tribes  of  Savages  in  North 
America,  large  fol. ;  25  plates  and  25  pp.  of  letter-press, 
j£5  5s. ;  coloured  and  mounted,  Lon.,  1844. 

Notes  of  Eight  Years'  Travel  and  Residence  in  Europe 
with  his  North  American  Collection,  Lon.,  1848, 2  vols.  8vo. 

"  This  amusing  work  contains  anecdotes  and  incidents  of  the 
Travels  and  Adventures  of  three  different  parties  of  American 
Indians  whom  the  author  introduced  to  the  Courts  of  England, 
France,  and  Belgium." 

Catlin,  J.  J.,  D.D.,  of  Massachusetts,  d.  1826,  aged 
68.  Compendium  of  the  System  of  Divine  Truth,  2d  edit.. 
1825,  12mo. 

Catlow,  Agnes.  Popular  Field  Botany,  Lon.,  16mo ; 
3d  edit,  1852. 

"  The  plants  are  classed  in  months,  the  illustrations  are  nicely 
coloured,  and  the  book  is  altogether  an  elegant  as  well  as  useful 
present." — Illustrated  London  News. 

"  We  recommend  Miss  Catlow's  Popular  Botany  to  favourable 
notice." — Lon.  Gardeners'  Chronicle^ 

Popular  British  Entomology,  r.  16mo;  2d  edit.,  1852. 

"  Judiciously  executed,  with  excellent  figures  of  the  common 
species,  for  the  use  of  young  beginners." — Annual  Address  of  the 
President  of  the  Lon.  Entomological  Society. 

"  A  treasure  to  any  one  just  commencing  the  study  of  this  fasci 
nating  science." — Westminster  and  Foreign  Quarterly  Review. 

Popular  Scripture  Zoology,'  1852,  8vo. 

"  A  short  and  clear  account  of  the  animals  mentioned  in  the 
Bible." — Lon.  Guardian. 

Popular  Conchology,  1842,  fp.  8vo. 

"  An  admirable  little  work." — St.  James's  Chronicle. 

"  A  pleasant,  useful,  and  well-illustrated  volume." — Prof.  Jame 
son's  PhUosop7i.  Journal. 

Drops  of  Water,  12mo,  1851. 

"The  plates  are  scarcely  inferior  to  those  of  the  well-known 
Ehrenberg." — Liverpool  Standard. 

The  Conchologist's  Nomenclature,  by  A.  C.,  assisted  by 
Lovell  Reeve,  8vo,  1845.  Brit.  Verteb.  Animals,  1845,  8vo. 

"  Miss  Catlow's  abilities  as  a  naturalist,  and  her  tact  in  popular 
izing  any  subject  she  undertakes,  are  too  well  known  to  need  itera 
tion  on  this  occasion." — Lon.  Notes  and  Queries. 

Catlyn,  John.  Con.  to  Phil.  Trans.,  1742,  '50  :  1. 
Transit  of  Mercury  over  the  Disk  of  the  Sun.  2.  Obsi.  of 
a  Lunar  Eclipse. 

Caton,T.  Motte,M.D.  Med.  treatises,  1807,'08,'11,'12. 

Caton,  William.  Moderatus  Inquisitor  resolutus, 
Lon.,  1660,  8vo.  Journal  of  his  Life,  1689,  4to. 

Cattell,  Joseph.     Sermons,  1711,  '15,  8vo. 

Cattell,  Thomas.     Assize  sermons,  1734,  4to. 

Cattermole,Richard,Vicar  of  Little  Marlow,  Bucks. 
Sermons  preached  in  the  District  Church  of  St.  Matthew's 
Brixton,  1832,  8vo. 

"They  set  forth  the  doctrines  of  the  Gospel  simply  and  truly 
and  they  give  exactly  that  quiet  instruction  on  ordinary  points  of 
divinity  which  we  conceive  to  be  necessary  for  the  kind  of  congre 
gation  which  is  always  found  in  or  near  Lonion.  or  great  towns." 
—British  Magazine. 

The  Book  of  the  Cartoons,  8vo. 

"An  elegantly-written  volume."— ion.  Spectator. 

The  Literature  of  the  Church  of  England,  2  vols.  8vo. 
A  work  of  great  value.  The  Sacred  Classics,  30  vols.  12mo. 

"Many  standard  and  useful  treatises."— BICKERSTETH. 

Illustrated  Hist,  of  the  Great  Civil  War  of  the  Times  of 
Charles  I.  and  Cromwell;  with  29  engravings  from  draw 
ings  by  George  Cattermole,  Lon.,  1&46,  '52,  2  vols.  8vo. 

355 


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"  Mr.  Cattermole  knows  well  how  to  give  force  to  those  stirring 
movements  which  were  the  turning  points  in  the  great  contest; 
his  narrative  is  never  prolix,  or  wanting  in  matter,  and  his  style 
is  carefully  preserved  from  inflation." — Lon.  Morning  Chronicle. 

Mr.  George  Cattermole's  abilities  as  an  artist  are  well 
known.  His  Portfolio  of  12  beautiful  drawings  was  issued 
in  1848 ;  £6  6«. 

Cattley,  Stephen.     Speech  on  Bullion,  1811,  8vo. 
Catton, Charles,  Jr.   Animals  from  Nature,1788,  fol. 
Catty,  Lewis.     Elements  of  French  Grammar. 
Caudry,  Thomas.     The  Accidence,  1606,  4to. 
Caulfield,  D.  D.,  R.  C.  Bishop  of  Wexford.     Reply 
to  Sir  R.  Musgrave,  1801,  8vo. 

Caulfield,  J.  The  Memoirs  of  Paphos,  or  Triumph 
of  Love ;  a  Poem,  Lon.,  1777,  4to. 

Caulfield,  James.  Portraits,  Memoirs,  and  Charac 
ters  of  Remarkable  Persons  temp.  Edw.  III.  to  the  Revo 
lution,  Lon.,  1794,  '95,  2  vols.  4to  j  1813,  3  vols.  r.  8vo  ; 
illustrating  Granger;  from  the  Revolution  1688  to  end  of 
the  reign  of  Geo.  III.,  1819,  '20,  4  vols.  4to;  temp.  Jas.  I. 
and  Chas.  L,  1814,  2  vols.  fol.  Hist,  of  the  Gunpowder 
Plot,  1796,  8vo ;  1804,  8vo.  Chalcographimania ;  the  Print- 
seller's  Chronicle  and  Collector's  Guide  to  the  Knowledge 
and  Value  of  engraved  British  Portraits,  Lon.,  1814,  8vo. 
"  Notwithstanding  the  playful  vein  of  ironical  satire  that  cha 
racterizes  the  ensuing  pages,  I  think  it  expedient  to  acquaint  my 
readers  that  the  information  is  not  the  mere  result  of  a  few  months' 
inquiry,  but  owes  its  foundation  to  many  years'  research  into,  and 
connexion  with,  the  Mysteries  of  Chalccgraphian  and  other  Ma 
nias." — Preface. 

Caulkins,  Francis  M.,  born  in  Conn.  Tract  Primer. 
Bible  Primer,  pub.  by  the  Am.  Tract  Soc.  Hist  of  Norwich, 
Conn.,  8vo,  pp.  358,  1845.  Hist,  of  New  London,  Conn., 
8vo,  pp.  680,  1852. 

Caundishe,  Richard.  The  Image  of  Nature  and 
Grace ;  containing  the  whole  course  and  condition  of  Man's 
Estate,  Lon.,  1574,  8vo. 

Caunter,  G.  H.  Hand  Book  of  Chemistry,  1840, 12mo. 
Caunter,  Hobart,  of  St.  James's  Chapel,  Lambeth. 
24  Sermons,  1832,  8vo. 

"  The  style,  if  not  quite  pure,  is  fluent  and  easy ;  the  doctrine 
sound,  and  the  applications  often  forcible  and  striking." — British 
Magazine. 

Bible  with  Explanatory  Notes,  Lon.,  1836,  8vo ;  pub.  in 
Nos.  Romance  of  India,  3  vols.  p.  8vo.  Eastern  Legends, 
p.  8vo.  The  Oriental  Annual  was  for  five  years  indebted 
for  its  attractions  to  the  pen  of  Hobart  Caunter,  and  the 
pencil  of  William  Daniel. 

"  Mr.  Caunter's  literary  productions  are  too  well  appreciated  to 
require  comment." 

Caunter,  John  Hobart,  of  Kensington,  London, 
1794-1852.  The  Island  Bride ;  a  Poem,  Lon.,  p.  8vo,  1830. 
Sernis.  1832,  3  vols.  8vo.  The  Poetry  of  the  Pentateuch, 
1839,  2  vols.  8vo.  Serms.  on  the  Lord's  Supper  and  the 
Eight  Beatitudes,  1849,  8vo.  Other  works. 

Caurvana,  Philippo.  Oration  to  Q.  Mary,  Lon., 
1601,  4to. 

Cauty,  W.  Natura,  Philosophica,  et  Ars,  in  concordia, 
Lon.,  1772,  8vo. 

Cauvin,  Joseph,  assistant  editor  of  Brando's  Dic 
tionary  of  Science,  Literature,  and  Art,  Lon.,  1842,  8vo. 
(See  BRANDE,  W.  T.)  New  edit,  of  Lempriere's  Classical 
Dictionary,  abridged  from  Anthon  and  Barker's;  with 
Corrections,  Improvements,  and  Additions,  so  numerous  as 
to  render  it  almost  a  new  work,  Lon.,  1845,  p.  8vo. 

"  Throughout  the  whole  work,  the  Editor,  keeping  in  view  the 
class  of  persons  for  whom  it  is  especially  intended,  has  studiously 
aimed  at  delicacy  of  language  and  sentiment." 

Cave,  Edward,  1691-1754,  the  projector  of  The 
Gentleman's  Magazine,  and  foster-father  of  many  poor 
authors,  can  claim  a  place  amongst  the  class  whom  he  so 
nobly  befriended.  He  wrote  an  Account  of  Criminals,  and 
was  employed  by  the  Company  of  Stationers  to  correct  the 
Gradus  ad  Parnassum.  As  the  founder  of  that  invaluable 
periodical — to  which  this  volume  is  deeply  indebted — The 
Gentleman's  Magazine — he  is  entitled  to  lasting  honour. 
The  first  number  was  issued  in  January,  1731,  and  Johnson, 
writing  in  1754,  (see  his  Life  of  Cave,  in  Gent.  Mag.  for 
February,)  remarks, 

« It  has  now  subsisted  three  and  twenty  years,  and  still  con 
tinues  equally  to  enjoy  the  favour  of  the  world." 

We,  writing  one  hundred  years  later,  (i.  €.  in  1854,)  can 
repeat  the  latter  clause  of  the  paragraph.  The  whole  series 
to  the  present  time,  about  220  volumes,  (now  at  our  side, 
should  be  in  the  library  of  every  student  of  Englffeh  lite 
rature  or  political  history.  We  are  glad  to  see  that  the 
present  proprietors  announce  their  intention  of  continuing 
this  work  till  "  Time  shall  be  no  longer."  If  the  "  Lasi 
Man"  should  inherit  part,  and  take  the  rest,  of  the  series> 
be  will  (to  use  the  bookseller's  phrase)  "  need  no  other  Li- 
fee 


CAV 

brary !"  It  is  probably  known  to  the  reader,  that  in  th« 
commencement  of  Dr.  Johnson's  literary  career,  he  drew 
lis  chief  means  of  support  from  his  contributions  to  the 
Gentleman's  Magazine. 

"  The  Gentleman's  Magazine,  begun  and  carried  on  by  Mr.  Ed- 

rard  Cave,  under  the  name  of  Sylvanus  Urban,  bad  attracted  the 

notice  and  esteem  of  Johnson,  in  an  eminent  degree,  before  he 

ime  to  London  as  an  adventurer  in  literature.     He  told  me  that 

hen  he  first  saw  St.  John's  Gate,  the  place  where  that  deservedly 

wpular  miscellany  was  originally  printed,  he  'beheld  it  with 

•everence.' " 

Cave  treated  the  needy  young  author  with  great  kind 
ness.     He  little  thought  that  the  highest  honour  which 
rould  attach  to  his  name  would  be  the  fact  of  this  then 
bscure  contributor's  becoming  his  biographer.     See  John 
son's  Life  of  Cave,  and  Boswell's  Johnson. 

The  publisher  devoted  himself  to  the  prosperity  of  his 
magazine  with  a  zeal  seldom  equalled  : 

"  Cave  never  looked  out  of  his  window  but  with  a  view  to  the 
Gentleman's  Magazine.  ...  He  used  to  sell  ten  thousand;  yet 
such  was  then  his  minute  attention  and  anxiety  that  the  sale 
should  not  suffer  the  smallest  decrease,  that  he  would  name  a  par 
ticular  person  who  he  heard  had  talked  of  leaving  off  the  Maga 
zine,  and  would  say  'Let  us  have  something  good  next  month.'" 
— DR.  JOHNSON. 

It  is  interesting  in  this  connexion  to  remark,  that  after 
the  death  of  Edward  Cave,  in  1754,  The  Gentleman's  Ma 
gazine  was  continued  by  David  Henry,  Edward  Cave's 
brother-in-law,  and  R.  Cave.  David  Henry  was  connected 
with  this  periodical  until  his  death,  in  1792,  having  "  for 
more  than  half  a  century  taken  an  active  part  in  the 
management  of  the  Gentleman's  Magazine."  In  1778 
John  Nichols — a  name  which  we  never  mention  or  write 
without  emotions  of  respect  and  affection — obtained  a 
share  in  the  Magazine,  and  rendered  it  more  valuable  than 
at  any  period  of  its  former  history.  Edmund  Burke  en 
titled  it  "  one  of  the  most  chaste  and  instructive  miscella 
nies  of  the  age  ;" — Dr.  Warton  wrote  to  Nichols — "  under 
your  guidance  it  is  become  one  of  the  most  useful  and  en 
tertaining  miscellanies  I  know;" — and  Edward  Gibbon 
urged  him  to  make  a  selection  for  future  reference  from 
its  overflowing  pages.  On  the  death  of  Mr.  Nichols,  in 
1826,  the  magazine  descended  to  his  son — the  surviving 
partner — and  the  last  number,  i.  e.  for  October,  1854,  bears 
the  imprimatur  of  John  Bowyer  Nichols  and  Sons — di 
rectly  under  the  venerable  Gate  of  St.  John's.  It  has 
been  in  one  family  about  fourscore  years;  and  may  the 
Nicholses  "live  a  thousand  years,"  and  issue  the  Gentle 
man's  Magazine  "  punctually  on  the  first  of  every  mouth !" 
We  need  not  apologize  for  this  scrap  of  literary  genea 
logy.  They  who  are  wise,  and  yet  lack  the  Gentleman's 
Magazine,  will  forthwith  procure  the  whole  series  ab  initio, 
if  they  can — and  if  not,  they  will  procure  what  they  can 
of  the  back  volumes,  and  commence  their  subscriptions 
with  the  next  number.  See  NICHOLS,  JOHN. 

Cave,  Henry.  Antiquities  of  York,  Lon.,  1818,  imp.  fol. 
Cave,  Jane.  Poems  on  various  subjects,Brist.,1726,8vo. 
Cave,  John.  .Sermons,  1679,  '81,  '82,  '85. 
Cave,  Lisle.      Against  the   Feare  of  Death,  Lon., 
1587,  16mo. 

Cave,  William,  D.D.,  1637-1713,  a  divine  of  great 
learning,  was  a  native  of  Pickwell,  Leicestershire;  ad 
mitted  into  St.  John's  College,  1653;  B.A.,  1656;  M.A., 
1660;  D.D.,  1672;  Vicar  of  Islington,  1662;  Rector  of 
Allhallows  the  Great,  London,  1679 ;  Canon  of  Windsor, 
1684;  Vicar  of  Isleworth,  1690.  Primitive  Christianity, 
or  the  Religion  of  the  Ancient  Christians,  in  3  parts,  Lon., 
1672,  '73,  '75,  '82,  1702,  '14,  8vo;  1677,  2  'vols.  fol.  Ta 
bulae  Ecclesiastics,  Lon.,  1674,  8vo  ;  Hamb.,  1676.  The 
Hamburg  edit,  was  pub.  without  his  knowledge.  Anti- 
quitates  Apostolicse ;  or  the  History  of  Christ,  the  Apos 
tles,  and  St.  Mark  and  St.  Luke;  being  a  continuation  of 
Jeremy  Taylor's  Life  of  Christ,  Lon.,  1675,  '76,  '77,  fol.; 
new-»dit.,  carefully  revised  by  Henry  Cary,  Oxf.,  1840,  8vo. 
"Dr.  Cave's  work  requires  to  be  consulted  by  all  men  of  ecclesi 
astical  views." 

Serious  Exhortation  relative  to  Dissent,  Lon.,  1685,  '96, 
fol.  Apostolic! ;  or  the  Lives,  Acts,  Deaths,  and  Martyr 
doms  of  those  who  were  contemporary  with,  or  immedi 
ately  succeeded,  the  Apostles ;  also  of  the  most  eminent 
of  the  Primitive  Fathers  for  the  first  Three  Hundred 
Years.  To  which  is  added  A  Chronology  of  the  first  three 
Ages  of  the  Church,  1677,  '82,  1716,  Ac.,  fol. 

"  If  you  will  read  Cave's  Lives  of  the  Fathers,  you  may  be 
tempted,  by  his  faithful  account  of  their  lives  and  their  worksite 
search  farther  into  those  valuable  remains  of  antiquity.  — 
KNOWLES. 

In  1732  (Lon.,  4to)  was  pub.  The  Lives  of  the  Fathers 
of  the  Primitive  Church,  chiefly  collected  from  the  writ 
ings  of  Dr.  Cave.  Sermon,  1680,  4to.  Ecclesiastical  or 


CAV 

the  History  of  the  Lives,  Acts,  Deaths,  and  Writings  of 
the  most  eminent  Fathers  of  the  Church  that  flourished  in 
the  4th  century ;  wherein,  among  other  things,  an  Account 
is  given  of  the  Rise,  Growth,  and  Progress  of  Arianism 
and  all  other  sects  of  that  age,  descending  from  it.  To 
gether  with  an  Introduction,  containing  an  Historical  Ac 
count  of  the  State  of  Paganism  under  the  first  Christian 
Emperor,  Lon.,  1683,  fol.  The  Apostolici  (1677)  and  the 
Ecclesiastic!  (1683)  have  been  recently  republished  (Oxf., 
1840,  3  vols.  8vo)  by  Rev.  Henry  Cary,  under  the  title  of  ; 
Lives  of  the  most  eminent  Fathers  of  the  Church  that  I 
flourished  in  the  first  four  centuries,  &c.  A  Dissertation  j 
concerning  the  Government  of  the  Ancient  Church  of  | 
Bishops,  Metropolitans,  and  Patriarchs,  more  particularly 
concerning  the  Bishop  of  Rome,  and  the  encroachments 
of  that  upon  other  Sees,  especially  the  See  of  Constanti 
nople,  1683,  8vo.  Discourse  of  the  Unity  of  the  Catholic 
Church  maintained  in  the  Church  of  England,  1684,  4to. 
Chartophylax  Ecclesiasticus,  1685,  8vo.  Sermon,  1685, 
4to.  Scriptorum  Ecclesiasticorum  Historia  Literaria  a 
Christo  nato  usque  ad  sgeculum  XIV.,  cum  Appendice,  ab 
alia  nianu  ab  inuente  sseculo  XIV.,  ad  annum  usque  1517, 
Lon.,  1688,  2  vols.  fol.  Ejusdem  pars  altera  accedit  ad 
finem  cujusvis  saeculi,  Lon.,  1698,  fol.  Col.  Allob.,  1720, 
fol.;  reprinted,  with  many  additions  and  alterations,  by 
the  author,  Oxf.,  1740-43,  2  vols.  fol.  Henry  Wharton  as 
sisted  in  this  work,  and  a  controversy  was  thereby  elicited, 
(t?.  n.  in  Chalmers's  Biog.  Diet.) 

Bishop  Watson  observes  that  Casimiri  Oudini  Commen- 
tarius  de  Scriptoribus  Ecclesiae,  &c.,  Leipsic,  1722,  3  vols. 
fol.,  is  a  kind  of  supplement  to  Cave's  Historia  Literaria, 
and  other  works  of  the  same  kind. 

"Dr.  Cave's  other  works  are  all  inferior  to  this,  which  is  his  capi 
tal  performance.  It  discovers  great  reading,  research,  and  accu 
racy.  It  contains  much  important  information,  in  comparatively 
little  room.  It  is  highly  praised  by  Walch,  and  was  reprinted  at 
Geneva  in  1705  and  1720.  It  occasioned  a  controversy  with  Le 
Clerc,  [Epistola  Apologetica,  &c.,  1700,  Svo.]  which  produced  the 
correction  of  several  mistakes  in  the  first  edition.  On  this  account 
the  latter  editions  are  the  best." — Orme's  Bill.  Bib. 

Cavendish,  Charles,  Lord.     His  Case,  1759,  fol. 

Cavendish,  George,  of  Glemsford.  The  Negotia 
tions  of  Woolsey,  the  Great  Cardinall  of  England,  &c. 
Composed  by  one  of  his  owne  servants,  being  his  Gentle 
man-Usher,  Lon.,  1641 ;  reprinted  as  The  Life  and  Death 
of  Thomas  Woolsey  in  1667,  12mo,  and  1706,  Svo,  and  in 
the  Harleian  Miscellany.  This  version  is  incorrect.  A 
faithful  transcript  from  MSS.  was  pub.  by  Dr.  Wordsworth 
in  his  Ecclesiastical  Biography,  1810,  6  vols.  Svo;  4th 
edit.,  1839,  enlarged.  See  Cavendish's  Life  of  Woolsey 
in  this  collection.  This  biography  was  formerly  attributed 
to  Sir  William  Cavendish,  the  founder  of  the  House  of 
Devonshire.  That  his  brother  George  was  really  the  au 
thor,  is  satisfactorily  proved  by  the  Rev.  Joseph  Hunter, 
of  Bath,  in  his  pamphlet  Who  wrote  Cavendish's  Life  of 
Woolsey?  1814,  Svo.  100  copies  printed.  It  was  re 
printed  in  Cavendish's  Life,  with  notes  and  illustrations, 
edited  by  Mr.  Singer,  1827,  Svo. 

"  All  the  memorials  of  such  a  man  are,  of  course,  worthy  of 
being  preserved,  and  in  achieving  this  object.  Mr.  Singer  is  entitled 
to  our  praise  and  gratitude." — Lon.  Critical  Gazette. 

"  The  pen  of  Cavendish  is  a  lively  and  a  ready  one.  and  all  that 
came  under  his  own  observation  he  describes  with  fidelity  and  ac 
curacy.  His  style  has  the  unstudied  graces  of  a  man  writing  in 
earnest;  and  when  it  rises,  as  it  frequently  does,  in  denouncing 
the  blind  caprices  of  chance,  the  degeneracy  of  the  times,  or  the 
neglect  of  obscure  worth,  it  often  possesses  a  dignity  and  impres 
sive  eloquence  which  marks  a  lofty  and  intellectual  spirit.  .  .  . 
But  what  adds  to  the  value  of  this  production  is,  that  there  is  no 
where  a  more  vivid  or  striking  representation  of  the  manners  of 
that  distant  age."  See  this  excellent  article  in  the  Lon.  Retro 
spective  Review,  v.  1, 1822. 

"  There  is  a  sincere  and  impartial  adherence  to  truth,  a  reality 
in  Cavendish's  narrative,  which  bespeaks  the  confidence  of  his 
readers,  and  very  much  increases  his  pleasure."  See  Singer's 
Metrical  Visions,  by  Cavendish. 

Cavendish,  Georgiana,  Duchess  of  Devonshire. 
The  Passage  of  the  Mountain  of  St.  Gothard,  Lon.,  1802, 
Svo. 

Cavendish,  Hon.  Henry,  1730-1810,  younger  son 
of  Lord  Charles  Cavendish,  and  grandson  of  the  Duke  of 
Devonshire,  was  a  chemist  of  great  eminence.  He  lived 
a  secluded  life,  engaged  in  his  experiments,  never  married, 
and  left  a  million  pounds  sterling  to  his  heirs.  The  results 
of  many  of  his  experiments  will  be  found  in  the  Phil. 
Trans.,  1766,  '69,  '71,  '76,  '83,  '90,  '92,  '98,  1809.  Caven 
dish  ranks  among  the  first  of  chemical  philosophers.  But 
this  is  a  subject  upon  which  the  learned  may  claim  to 
speak : 

<;  Cavendish  est  un  des  savants  qui  ont  le  plus  contribue  aux 
progres  de  la  chimie  moderne.  C*est  lui  qui,  le  premier,  analysa 
les  proprietes  particulars  du  gaz  hydrogene,  et  assigna  les  carac- 


CAV 

tores  qui  distinguent  ce  gaz  de  1'air  atmosphSrique.  C'est  a  lui 
que  1'on  doit  la  fameuse  decouverte  de  la  composition  de  1'eau. 
.  .  .  Cavendish  ne  s'est  pas  moins  distingue  dans  la  physique  en 
y  portant  la  mSme  esprit  d'exactitude.  II  etait  aussi  tres  vers6 
dans  la  haute  geometric,  et  il  en  a  fiiit  une  determination  de  la 
densite  moyenne  de  notre  globe."— BIOT.  Yoyez  Biographic  Uni- 

"  Mr.  Cavendish  was  a  profound  mathematician,  electrician,  and 
chemist.  Dr.  Black,  who  had  discovered  carbonic  acid,  laid  the 
foundation  of  pneumatic  chemistry.  Cavendish  is  usually  said  to 
have  discovered  hydrogen,  (although  it  was  prepared  by  Mayow, 
Boyle,  and  Hales,  long  anteriorly,)  and  placed  the  second  stone  on. 
the  great  superstructure  which  was  afterwards  to  be  raised  by 
Priestley  and  others.  That  common  air  consisted  of  oxygen  and 
nitrogen  was  known;  but  Cavendish  demonstrated  (1783)  that  it 
consisted  of  a  volume  of  20-833  oxygen,  and  79-166  nitrogen— a 
result  which  has  been  thoroughly  confirmed  by  subsequent  ex 
periments.  He  likewise  demonstrated  the  exact  constitution  of 
water,  although  it  is  confidently  affirmed  that  James  Watt  at  the 
same  time  knew  its  composition,  and  that  his  views  were  known 
to  Cavendish.  Cavendish  likewise  showed  that  nitric  acid  is  com 
posed  of  nitrogen  and  oxygen — Priestley  having  previously  found 
that  electric  sparks,  when  passed  through  air,  turned  litmus  red, 
Cavendish  added  potash  to  the  solution  evaporated,  and  obtained 
nitre.  While  there  is  scarcely  any  doubt  that  there  has  been  a 
tendency  to  overrate  Cavendish  at  the  expense  of  others,  he  must 
be  always  ranked  as  one  of  the  first  of  English  Chemists,  who  has, 
by  the  accuracy  of  his  experiments,  assisted  in  laying  the  sure 
foundation  of  the  science." — ROBT.  DUNDAS  THOMSON,  M.D.,  F.R.S., 
Professor  of  Chemistry.  St.  Thomas's  Hospital  College,  London.  See 
Rich's  Cyc.  of  Biog.,  1854. 

The  following  opinion  of  an  eminent  authority  and  un 
exceptionable  judge  in  the  premises  must  not  be  omitted: 

"Cavendish  was  possessed  of  a  minute  knowledge  of  most  of  the 
departments  of  Natural  Philosophy;  he  carried  into  his  chemical 
researches  a  delicacy  and  precision  which  have  never  been  ex 
ceeded;  possessing  depth  and  extent  of  mathematical  knowledge, 
he  reasoned  with  the  caution  of  a  geometer  upon  the  results  of 
his  experiments;  and  it  may  be  said  of  him,  what  perhaps  can  be 
scarcely  said  of  any  other  person,  that  whatever  he  accomplished 
was  perfect  at  the  moment  of  its  production.  His  processes  were 
all  of  a  finished  nature;  executed  by  the  hand  of  a  master,  they 
required  no  correction ;  the  accuracy  and  beauty  of  his  earliest 
labours  have  remained  unimpaired  amidst  the  progress  of  dis 
covery,  and  their  merits  have  been  illustrated  by  discussion,  and 
exalted  by  time."— SIR  HUMPHRY  DAVY:  Chemical  Philosophy. 

Cavendish,  Margaret,  Duchess  of  Newcastle,  d. 
1673,  was  as  fond  of  authorship  as  her  noble  lord  proved 
himself  to  be.  Lord  Orford  speaks  disparagingly  of  her 
ladyship's  talents,  but  it  is  well  known  that  Horace  Wai- 
pole  spared  no  man  (or  woman)  in  his  humour.  Philo 
sophical  Fancies,  Lon.,  1653,  12mo.  Poems  and  Fancies, 
1653,  fol.  The  World's  Olio,  1655,  fol.  Nature's  Picture 
drawn  by  Fancie's  Pencil,  to  the  Life,  1656,  fol.  Philo 
sophical  and  Physical  Opinions,  1655,  fol.  Orations,  1662, 
fol.  Playes,  1662,  fol.  She  wrote  26  Plays,  and  a  num 
ber  of  Scenes.  Sociable  Letters,  1664,  fol.  Observations 
upon  Experimental  Philosophy,  1666,  fol.  Life  of  Wil 
liam  Cavendish,  Duke  of  Newcastle,  1667,  fol.  The  same  in 
Latin,  1668,  fol. :— "  The  Crown  of  her  Labours."  Grounds 
of  Natural  Philosophy,  1668,  fol.  Letters  and  Poems, 
1676,  fol.  Select  Poems,  edited  by  Sir  E.  Brydges,  1813, 
Svo.  Her  autobiography,  edited  by  Brydges,  1814,  r.  8^0. 
In  one  of  her  last  productions,  her  ladyship,  with  CO*Q- 
mendable  frankness,  avows  a  most  ungovernable  cacoethes 
scribendi  : 

"  I  imagine  all  those  who  have  read  my  former  books  will  say 
I  have  writ  enough,  unless  they  were  better ;  but  say  what  you 
will,  it  pleaseth  me,  and  since  my  delights  are  harmless,  /  will 
satisfy  my  humour : 

"  For  had  my  brain  as  many  fencies  in't 
To  fill  the  world,  I'd  put  them  all  in  print ; 
No  matter  whether  they  be  well  or  ill  exprest, 
My  will  is  done,  and  that  pleases  woman  best." 

"  A  lady  worthy  the  Mention  and  Esteem  of  all  Lovers  of  Poetry 
and  Learning.  One  who  was  a  fit  Consort  for  so  Great  a  Wit  as 
the  Duke  of  Newcastle.  Her  Soul  sympathizing  with  his  in  all 
things,  especially  in  Dramatick  Poetry ;  to  which  she  had  a  more 
than  ordinary  propensity." — Langbaine's  Dramatick  Poets,  1691. 

"  A  fertile  pedant,  with  an  unbounded  passion  for  scribbling." 
— HORACE  WALPOLE.  See  R.  &  N.  Authors. 

"  She  makes  each  place  where  she  comes  a  Library." — FLECKNOB. 

"She  was  the  most  voluminous  writer  of  all  the  female  poets, 
and  had  a  great  deal  of  wit." — JACOBS. 

"  We  are  greatly  surprised  that  a  lady  of  her  quality  should 
have  written  so  much,  and  are  less  surprised  that  one  who  loved 
writing  so  well  has  written  no  better." — GRANGER. 

"  Her  person  was  very  graceful.  She  was  most  indefatigable  in 
her  studies,  contemplations,  and  writings;  was  truly  pious,  chari 
table,  and  generous,  and  a  perfect  pattern  of  conjugal  love  and 
duty." — BALLARD. 

Cavendish,  Sir  Thomas,  1564-1592,  a  native  of 
Suffolk,  was  the  second  English  circumnavigator  of  the 
globe.  Voyage  to  Magellanica  in  1586 ;  see  Callander'a 
Voyages  i.  424  ;  1776. 

Cavendish,  William,  Duke  of  Newcastle,  1592- 
1676,  husband  of  MARGARET,  DUCHESS  OF  NEWCASTLE, 
(q.  v.)  was  a  zealous  champion  of  Charles  I.,  and  fought 
valiantly  on  his  side.  La  Methode  nouvelle  de  dresser 

357 


CAV 


CAX 


les  Chevaux,  <tc.,  avec  Figures;  or  the  new  Method  of  j 
managing  Horses;  with  Cuts,  Antwp.,  3658,  fol.,  first  : 
written  in  English,  and  trans,  into  French  by  a  Walloon.  ' 
A  new  Method  and  Extraordinary  Invention  to  dress 
Horses,  Lon.,  1667,  fol.  Five  Comedies,  1668,  4to.  The  • 
Triumphant  Widow,  1677,  4to.  System  of  Horsemanship  j 
in  all  its  Branches,  1743,  2  vols.  fol.  Other  compositions;  j 
verses,  songs,  <fec.  Horse  Subsecivse,  1620,  8vo,  has  been  ' 
attributed  both  to  Lord  Cavendish  and  Lord  Chandos. 

"  The  greatest  master  of  wit,  the  most  exact  observer  of  man 
kind,  and  the  most  accurate  judge  of  humour  I  ever  knew."— 

SUADWELL. 

"  Since  the  time  of  Augustus,  no  person  better  understood  dra 
matic  poetry,  nor  more  generously  encouraged  poets ;  so  that  we 
may  truly  call  him  our  English  Maecenas." — Langbaine's  Drama- 
tick  Poets. 

"  This  noble  personage  was,  from  his  earliest  youth,  celebrated 
for  his  love  of  the  Muses,  and  had  a  true  taste  for  the  liberal  arts." 
— Biog,  Drumat. 

"  Nothing  could  have  tempted  him  out  of  those  paths  of  plea 
sure  which  he  enjoyed  in  a  full  and  ample  fortune  [which  he  sa 
crificed  by  his  loyalty,  and  lived  for  a  time  in  extreme  poverty] 
but  honour  and  ambition  to  serve  the  king  when  he  saw  him  in 
distress,  and  abandoned  by  most  of  those  who  were  in  the  highest 
degree  obliged  to  him." — EARL  OF  CLARENDON. 
"  But  now  behold  a  nobleman  indeed, 

Such  as  a  w'  admire  in  story  when  we  read." — FLECKNOE. 
"  One  of  the  most  finished  gentlemen,  as  well  as  the  most  dis 
tinguished  patriot,  general,  and  statesman  of  his  age." — GIBBER. 

Cavendish,  William,  first  Duke  of  Devonshire, 
1640-1707,  a  distinguished  statesman,  also  claims  place 
as  an  author.  Speeches,  1680,  '81.  An  Allusion  to  the 
Bishop  of  Cambray's  Supplement  to  Homer ;  a  Poein.  An 
Ode  on  the  Death  of  Queen  Mary.  Some  Fragments  on 
the  Peerage.  Most  of  his  writings  were  printed  in  an  Ap 
pendix  to  the  Memoirs  of  the  Cavendishes  by  Dr.  Kennett. 
This  is  the  nobleman  who  was  fined  £30,'000  (declared 
illegal  by  the  House  of  Lords,  and  not  exacted)  for  taking 
Colonel  Culpepper  by  the  nose,  before  the  king,  leading 
him  into  an  antechamber,  and  caning  him. 

"  He  was  the  finest  and  handsomest  gentleman  of  his  time."— 
MACKAY  ;  a  contemporary. 

"  His  grace  was  a  poet,  not  by  genius  only,  but  by  learning  and 
judgment ;  whence  Lord  Roscommon  made  him  a  constant  reviser 
of  his  poetical  productions." — Oollins's  Peerage. 

Dryden  is  said  to  have  preferred  his  grace's  Ode  on  the 
Death  of  Queen  Mary  to  any  one  ever  written  on  the  same 
occasion. 

"  He  was  the  friend  and  companion,  and  at  the  same  time  the 
equal,  of  Ormond,  Dorset,  Roscommon,  and  all  the  noble  orna 
ments  of  that  reign  of  wit  in  which  he  passed  his  youth." — DR. 
CAMPBELL. 

"  A  patriot  among  the  men,  a  gallant  among  the  ladies." — HO 
RACE  WALPOLE  :  vide  R.  &  N.  Authors. 

Caverhill,  John,  M.D.,  Royal  College  of  Physicians, 
London.  Explanation  of  the  70  Weeks  of  Daniel,  <fec., 
Lon.,  1777,  8vo. 

"  Dr.  Caverhill  has  certainly  studied  the  subject  on  which  he 
has  written  with  great  care,  and  brought  a  considerable  portion 
of  learning  to  bear  upon  it." — Orme's  Bibl.  Bib. 

The  Gout,  1769,  8vo.  Other  profes.  treatises,  1767, 
>70,  '72. 

Caverley,  Sir  H.     Remarks  in  his  Travels,  1683,  fol. 
Caveton,  Pet.    Junbrigalia. 
Cavii,  Guel.     Vide  CAVE. 

Caw,George.  Poetical  Museum,  Hawick,  1784, 18mo. 
"  Many  of  the  border  ballads,  afterwards  published  by  Sir  Wal 
ler  Scott  in  the  Minstrelsy  of  the  Scottish  Border,  first  appeared 
in  this  collection."— LOWNDES. 

Cawdray,  or  Cawdry,  Robert.  Treasurie  or  Store- 
House  of  Similes,  Lon.,  1600,  4to,  dedicated  to  Sir  John 
Harrington,  Ac.  Of  the  Profit  and  Necessity  of  Catechis 
ing,  Lon.,  1592,  8vo. 

Cawdrey,  or  Cawdry,  Daniel,  d.  1664,  a  Noncon 
formist  divine,  ejected  from  his  living  in  Northampton 
shire.  The  Good  Man  a  Public  Good,  Lon.,  1643,  4to. 
Other  theological  treatises,  1624-61. 

Cawdrey,  Zacharias.  1.  Patronage.  2.  Sermon, 
1675,  '84,  4to. 

Cawdwell,  Thomas.  A  Defence  of  an  Ordained 
Ministry,  against  the  Brownists,  Lon.,  1724,  4to 

Cawley,  J.  The  Nature  and  Kinds  of  Simony  dis 
cussed,  Lon.,  1689,  4to. 

Cawley,  William.  Laws  concerning  Jesuits,  Ac., 
1680,  fol. 

Cawood,  Francis.  1.  Navigation.  2.  Fishery  and 
Manufactures,  1710,  '13. 

Cawood,  John,  of  St.  Edmund's  Hall,  Oxford,  Per 
petual  Curate  of  Bewdley,  Worcestershire.  The  Church 
of  England  and  Dissent;  2d  edit.,  Lon.,  1831, 12mo.  Ser 
mons,  1842,  2  vols.  8vo. 

"  Forcible,  impressive,  and  evangelical." — BICKERSTETH. 
Cawte,  R.    Academic  Lessons,  1786,  8vo. 


Cawthorn,  James,  1719-1761,  an  English  divine 
and  poet,  was  matriculated  at  Clare  Hall,  Cambridge,  in 
1758.  The  Perjured  Lover,  1736.  Abelard  to  Eloisa,  1746. 
Sermons,  1745,  '48.  An  edit,  of  his  poems  was  pub.  in 
1771,  8vo. 

"As  a  poet  he  displays  considerable  variety  of  power,  but  per 
haps  he  is  rather  to  be  placed  among  the  ethical  versifiers,  than 
ranked  with  those  who  have  attempted  with  success  the  higher 
flights  of  genius.  As  an  imitator  of  Pope,  he  is  superior  to  most 
of  those  who  have  formed  themselves  in  that  school." 

Cawton,  Thomas,  1605-1659,  a  learned  Puritan 
divine,  a  native  of  Norfolk,  England,  studied  at  Queen's 
College,  Cambridge.  He  was  skilled  in  Oriental  learning, 
and  assisted  Brian  Walton  in  the  Polyglot  Bible,  and 
Castell  in  the  Polyglot  Lexicon.  Serm.,  1662.  His  Life, 
by  his  son,  and  Serm.  by  the  father,  1664,  '75,  8vo. 

Cawton,  Thomas,  1637-1677,  son  of  the  above,  also 
a  learned  Orientalist,  studied  at  Merton  College,  Oxford, 
at  Rotterdam,  and  Utrecht.  Disputatio  de  Versione  Sy- 
riaca  Yet.  et  Novi  Testament!,  Ultraj.,  1657,  4to.  Disser- 
tatio  de  usu  Linguae  Hebraicae  in  Philosophia  Theoretica, 
Ibid.,  1657,  4to. 

"  That  on  the  Syriac  Scriptures  is  more  valuable,  though  not 
more  curious,  than  the  one  on  the  Hebrew  language.  He  discusses 
the  Syriac  version  both  of  the  Old  and  Kew  Testaments.  .  .  . 
Leusden  speaks  in  the  highest  terms  of  the  author's  diligence, 
learning,  and  extensive  acquaintance  with  the  Hebrew  and  its 
cognate  dialects.  Chaldaic,  Syriac,  and  Arabic.  It  is  gratifying  to 
perceive,  that  these  branches  of  biblical  literature  are  again  reviv 
ing  in  both  parts  of  the  island."—  O)~me's  Bibl.  Bib. 

Wood  acknowledges  that  Hurst's  eulogy  on  Cawton  was 
well  deserved. 

Caxton,  William,  1412  F-1492,  a  native  of  the  Weald 
of  Kent,  is  entitled  to  the  lasting  gratitude  of  posterity  as 
the  introducer  of  the  art  of  printing  into  England.  At 
the  age  of  15  he  was  apprenticed  to  a  mercer  in  London, 
Robert  Large,  created  Lord  Mayor  in  1439,  who,  on  his 
death  in  1441,  left  his  apprentice  the  handsome  legacy  of 
34  marks.  Caxton  left  home  for  the  Continent  in  1442, 
acting  according  to  most  authorities  as»commercial  agent 
for  the  Mercers'  Company  of  London.  Mr.  Oldys  remarks : 

"Jt  is  agreed  on  by  those  writers  who  have  best  acquainted 
themselves  with  his  story,  he  was  deputed  and  intrusted  by  the 
Mercers'  Company  to  be  their  agent  or  factor  in  Holland,  Zealand, 
Flanders,  &c.,  to  establish  and  enlarge  their  correspondence,  nego- 
ciate  the  consumption  of  our  own,  and  importation  of  foreign, 
manufactures,  and  otherwise  promote  the  advantage  of  the  said 
corporation  in  their  respective  merchandise."  Vide  CAXTON  in 
Biog.  Brit. 

Upon  this  Mr.  Knight  comments  : 

"  This  indeed  is  a  goodly  commission,  if  we  can  make  out  that 
he  received  such.  .  .  .  The  real  fact  is,  that  for  twenty  of  those 
years  in  which  Caxton  describes  himself  as  residing  m  the  coun 
tries  of  Brabant,  Holland,  and  Zealand,  there  was  an  absolute 
prohibition  on  both  sides  of  all  commercial  intercourse  between 
England  and  the  Duchy  of  Burgundy,  to  which  these  countries 
were  subject ;  and  for  nearly  the  whole  period,  no  English  goods 
were  suffered  to  pass  to  the  continent  except  through  the  town  of 
Calais,  and  ;  in  France,'  says  Caxton,  '  I  was  never.' " — Knight's 
Life  of  Caxton,  Lon.,  1844,  32mo. 

In  1464  Edward  the  Fourth  appointed  Richard  White- 
hill  and  William  Caxton,  still  abroad,  to  be  his  ambassa 
dors  and  deputies  to  the  Duke  of  Burgundy,  for  the  "pur 
pose  of  confirming  an  existing  treaty  of  commerce,  or,  if 
necessary,  for  making  a  new  one."  In  1466  a  treaty  was 
concluded,  by  which  the  commercial  relations  between  the 
two  countries,  which  had  been  interrupted  for  twenty  years, 
were  restored.  Margaret,  sister  of  Edward  IV.  of  Eng 
land,  was  married  to  Charles,  Duke  of  Burgundy,  in  1468 
at  Bruges,  and  Caxton,  who  was  then  residing  in  this  city, 
received  an  appointment — it  is  not  known  in  what  capa 
city — in  the  court  of  the  duchess.  He  became  a  great 
favourite  with  this  noble  lady,  and  in  the  course  of  con 
versation  she  elicited  from  Caxton  an  acknowledgment 
that  "having  no  great  charge  or  occupation,"  he  had  be 
fore  her  grace's  arrival  commenced  the  translation  from 
French  into  English  of  the  "Recuyell  of  the  Historyes  of 
Troye"— (by  Raoul  le  Fevre)  "  for  to  pass  therewith  the 
time."  Discouraged  with  the  difficulties  attendant  upon  his 
task,  he  had  abandoned  it ;  but  his  noble  mistress  made 
him  go  for  his  "  five  or  six  quires,"  and  submit  them  to 
her  inspection,  and  then  "commanded  me  straightly  to 
continue,  and  make  an  end  of  the  residue  then  not  trans 
lated.  Whose  dreadful  commandment  I  durst  in  no  wise 
disobey." 

"  The  translation  was  begun  in  Bruges,  the  1st  of  Marche, 
in  the  yere  1468,  continued  in  Gaunt,  and  finished  in  Colen, 
the  19th  of  September,  1471."  He  then  "deliberated  in 
himself  to  take  the  labour  in  hand  of  printing  it  together 
with  the  third  book  of  the  Destruction  of  Troye,  trans 
lated  of  late  by  John  Lydgate,  a  monk  of  Burye,  in  Eng 
lish  ritual." 


CAX 


CEC 


The  book  was  printed ;  but  being  sine  anno  et  loco,  the 
place  has  been  a  matter  of  dispute.  Perhaps  there  is 
little  risk  of  error  in  assigning  Cologne  as  the  city  where, 
and  1476  as  the  year  in  which,  this  first  book  in  the  Eng 
lish  language  saw  the  light.  It  has  been  agreed  by  many 
authorities  that  Caxton  had  previously  printed  in  the  Low 
Countries  the  original  R6cueil  des  Histoires  de  Troye,  (in 
1467,)  and  a  Latin  Speech  by  Russell,  ambassador  of  Ed 
ward  IV.  to  Charles  of  Burgundy,  (in  1469.)  Mr.  Knight 
joins  issue  with  Dibdin,  Bryant,  Hallam,  and  others  upon 
this  point,  and  to  their  works  we  must  refer  the  curious 
reader.  Caxton  is  supposed  to  have  returned  to  England 
about  1474,  this  being  the  date  of  the  Game  and  Play  of 
the  Chess,  which  is  presumed  to  be  the  first  book  ever 
printed  in  England.  Authorities,  however,  are  much  at 
variance  in  this  matter.  Raoul  le  Fevre's  Recueil  des 
Histoires  de  Troye  in  the  French,  is  by  some  presumed  to 
be  Caxton's  first  issue  in  England.  Some  of  his  earliest 
impressions  are  without  date.  We  have  already  referred 
to  the  bold  assertion  of  Richard  Atkyns,  that  Frederick 
Corsellis  had  published  a  book  in  England  in  1468.  (  Vide 
ATKYNS,  RICHARD.)  We  need  not  linger  upon  a  story 
the  details  of  which  never  obtained  much  credence.  We 
now  behold  the  father  of  English  printing  installed  in  his 
printing-office  in  Westminster  Abbey,  and  assiduously  la 
bouring  to  extend  the  benefits  of  the  new  invention  to  his 
grateful  countrymen.  He  was  one  of  the  most  industrious 
and  indefatigable  of  men,  and  literally  "  died  in  the  har 
ness,"  for  (although  he  printed  nothing  after  1490)  it  is 
believed  that  he  spent  some  hours  of  the  last  day  of  his 
life  in  translating  for  the  press  Vitae.  Patrum,  or  "  The  righte 
devout  and  solitairye  lyfe  of  the  anciente  or  olde  holy 
faders,  hermytes,  dwellinge  in  the  deserts."  He  left  this 
world  in  May  or  June,  1492,  after  having  zealously  served 
his  generation. 

"  Exclusively  of  the  labours  attached  to  the  working  of  his  press 
as  a  new  art,  our  typographer  contrived,  though  well  stricken  in 
years,  to  translate  not  fewer  than  five  thousand  closely  printed 
folio  pages.  As  a  translator,  therefore,  he  ranks  among  the  most 
laborious,  and,  I  would  hope,  not  the  least  successful,  of  his  tribe. 
The  foregoing  conclusion  is  the  result  of  a  careful  enumeration  of 
all  the  books  translated  as  well  as  printed  by  him;  which,  [the 
translated  books,]  if  published  in  the  modern  fashion,  would  ex 
tend  to  nearly  twenty-five  octavo  volumes!" — Dibdirfs Typographi 
cal  Antiquities,  q.  v.  See  Biog.  Brit.;  Knight's  Life  of  Caxton; 
Life  of  Caxton,  pub.  by  Soc.  for  the  Diffusion  of  Useful  Knowledge. 

All  of  Caxton's  impressions  are  now  very  valuable.  A 
copy  of  his  first  book,  and  the  first  printed  in  English, 
which  had  belonged  to  Elizabeth  Grey,  Queen  of  Edward 
IV.,  produced  in  the  Roxburghe  sale,  (6350,)  £1060  18«. 
This  is  of  course  no  criterion  of  the  value  of  ordinary 
copies ;  but  an  imperfect  one  of  the  same  work  brought  at 
the  Lloyd  sale,  (1469,)  £126,  and  a  copy  of  the  Chronycles 
of  Englond  was  sold  by  Leigh  and  Sotheby  in  1815  for 
£105.  The  number  of  books  printed  by  Caxton  was  sixty- 
four,  and  we  cannot  add  any  thing  of  more  value  to  this 
article  than  a  list  of  the  whole,  extracted  from  Dibdin's 
Typographical  Antiquities,  Lon.,  1810-19,  4  vols.  4to. 
ALPHABETICAL  LIST  of  the  Books  printed  by  Caxton,  with 

their  supposed  DEGREES  OP  RARITY  :  the  number  6 <  being 

the  highest  degree  : 

Date.    Deg.  of  Rarity. 

ACCIDENCE No  date 6 

-&SOP 1484... ,  5 

ARTHUR,  HISTORIES  OF. 1485 6 

BALLAD,  FRAGMENT  OP No  date 6 

BLANCHARDIN  AND  EGLANTINE "       6 

BOETIUS "       4 

BOOK  OF  DIVERS  GHOSTLY  MATTERS...       "       5 

BOOK  OF  GOOD  MANNERS 1487 4 

BOOK  FOR  TRAVELLERS "    5 

CATO  MAGNUS 1483 4 

CATO  PARVUS No  date 5 

CHARLES  THE  GREAT 1485 6 

CHASTISING  OF  GOB'S  CHILDREN No  date.. 

CHAUCER'S  BOOK  OF  FAME " 

"          CANTERBURY  TALES " 


TROILUS  AND  CRESSIDE....       " 
"          MINORWORKS,WITH  LYDGATE'S" 

CHESS,  GAME  OF 1474 

"       No  date 4 

CHIVALRY,  FAIT  OP  ARMS  AND 1489 4 

"  ORDER  OF.  1484 6 

CHRONICLE  OF  ENGLAND,  <fcc 1480 3 

CORDIAL 1480 4 

CRAFT  TO  KNOW  WELL  TO  DIE 1490........'.'.'.  5 

CURIAL  OF  ALAIN  CHARTIER No  date 6 

DlCTES  OF  THE  PHILOSOPHERS 1477 4 


Date.    Deg.  of  Rarity. 

DE  FIDE  ET  CANTU,  Ac No  date 5 

DIRECTORIUM  SACERDOTUM "       5 

DOCTRINAL  OF  SAPIENCE 1489 4 

EDWARD  THE  CONFESSOR qu? 

GODFREY  OF  BOULOGNE 1481 5 

GOLDEH  LEGEND 1483 4 

GOWER'S  CONFESSIO  AMANTIS 1483 3 

HOR^E No  date 6 

JASON 1475 5 

INFANCIA  SALVATORIS No  date 6 

KATHERINE  OF  SIENNE "       4 

KNIGHT  OF  THE  TOWER 1484 4 

LIBER  FESTIVALIS 1483 4 

LIFE  OF  OUR  LADY No  date 4 

"        SAINT  WENEFRID "       5 

LOMBARDY,  HISTORY  OP qu? 

LUCIDARY No  date 6 

LYNDEWOOD qu? 

MIRROR  OF  THE  WORLD 1481 4 

OVID'S  METAMORPHOSES 1480 6 

PARIS  AND  VIENNE 1485 6 

PILGRIMAGE  OF  THE  SOUL 1483 4 

POLYCHRONICON 1482 4 

PROVERBS  OF  PISA 1478 5 

REYNARD  THE  Fox 1481 6 

ROYAL  BOOK 1484 4 

RUSSEL,  ORATION  OF No  date 6 

SIEGE  OP  RHODES "       6 

SPECULUM  VITE  CHRISTI "       4 

STATUTES "       6 

TROY,  RECUEIL  DES  HISTOIRES "       6 

"      HISTORIES  OF 1471 5 

TULLY  OF  OLD  AGE,  &c 1481 3 

VIRGIL'S  ^NEID 1490 4 

WORK  OP  SAPIENCE No  date 4 

Cay,  Dr.  Med.  Con.  to  Phil.  Trans.,  1698. 
Cay,  Henry  Boult.  Abridgt.  Public  Statutes,  from 
llth  of  Geo.  II.  to  1st  Geo.  III.  inclusive,  Lon.,  fol.  This 
is  a  supplementary  vol.  to  J.  Cay's  Abridgt.,  (q.  v.)  Abridgt. 
of  Statutes  from  Magna  Charta  to  1st  Geo.  III.,  1739, 
2  vols.  fol. ;  2d  edit.,  1762,  2  vols.  fol. ;  sup.  vol.,  1766. 

Cay,  John.  Abridgt.  Public  Statutes,  Ac.,  from  Magna 
Charta— 9th  Hen.  III.  to  llth  Geo.  II.  inclusive,  Lon., 
1739,  2  vols.  fol.  Continuation  v.  Cay  H.  B.  Statutes  at 
Large  from  Magna  Charta  to  30th  Geo.  II.,  1785,  6  vols. 
fol.  Continuation  from  30th  Geo.  II.  to  13th  Geo.  III.,  by 
Owen  Ruffhead,  1768-73,  3  vols.  fol. 

Cay,  John.  Analysis  of  the  Scotch  Reform  Act,  with 
Decisions  of  the  Courts  of  Appeal.  Parts  1  and  2,  Lon., 
1837-40,  8vo. 

Cay,  Robert.  Con.  to  Phil.  Trans.,  1722;  bending 
Plank  by  a  Sand  Heat. 

Cayley,  Arthur.  The  Life  of  Sir  Walter  Raleigh, 
Lon.,  1805,  2  vols.  4to ;  2d  edit.,  1806,  2  vols.  8vo.  Memoir 
of  Sir  Thomas  More,  with  a  new  trans,  of  his  Utopia,  his 
History  of  K.  Richard  III.,  and  his  Latin  Poems,  1808, 
2  vols.  8vo. 

"  He  is  either  no  favourite  of  the  historic  muse,  or  he  does  not 
pay  her  sufficiently  assiduous  court,  for  he  can  as  yet  boast  of  few 
of  the  fascinations  and  enchantments  -which  she  places  at  the  dis 
posal  of  her  successful  suitors." 

See  Lon.  Monthly  Rev.,  1806,  8vo. 
Cayley,  Arthur,  b.  1821,  at  Richmond,  Surrey,  a 
distinguished  mathematician.     Contributions — principally 
on  the  Pure  Mathematics — to  The  Cambridge,  The  Cam 
bridge  and  Dublin,  and  Quarterly,  Mathematical  Journals, 
Philosophical  Transactions,  Camb.  Phil.  Trans.,  Phil.  Maga 
zine,  Liouville's  Journal  de  Mathematiques.  and  Crelle's 
Journal  fur  die  reine  und  angewandte  Mathematik. 
Cayley,  Cornelius.     Theolog.  treatises,  1758-62. 
Cayley,  Edward.    The  European  Revolutions,  1848, 
2  vols.  8vo. 

"  Mr.  Cayley  has  evidently  studied  his  subject  thoroughly :  he 
has  consequently  produced  an  interesting  and  philosophic  history 
of  an  important  epoch." — New  Quar.  Rev. 

Cayley,  Sir  George.  Con.  to  Nic.  Jour.,  1807,  '09, 
'10;  and  to  Phil.  Mag.,  1816  :  subjects,  Aerial  Navigation; 
Mechanical  power  from  Air  expanded  by  Heat. 

Cazenove,  J.,  President  of  the  London  Chess  Club. 
Selection  of  curious  and  entertaining  Games  at  Chess  that 
have  been  actually  played  by  J.  Cazenove,  Lon.,  1817, 12mo. 
Circulated  only  among  the  friends  of  the  author. 

Ceby.  Opuscules  Lyriques;  Lyric  Poems,  or  Songs, 
presented  to  Lady  Nelson,  1801,  8vo. 

Cecil,  Catherine.  Memoir  of  Mrs.  Hawkes,  late  of 
Islington,  including  Remarks  in  Conversation  and  Extracts 
from  Sermons  and  Letters  of  the  late  Rev.  R.  Cecil;  4th 
ed.,  1849,  8vo. 

359 


CEC 

Original  Thoughts  on  Scripture,  etc.,  from  serms.  of  R. 
Cecil,  Lon.,  1848. 

Cecil,  Edward,  Lord  Viscount  Wimbledon.  Journal 
of  his  Expedition  upon  the  Coast  of  Spain,  Lon.,  1625, '26, 
4to.  His  Answer  to  the  Earl  of  Essex  and  nine  others.  A 
Letter  to  the  Mayor  of  Portsmouth.  Some  Letters  in  the 
Cabala,  the  Harleian  MSS.,  and  two  MS.  tracts  in  Brit. 
Mus.  He  was  second  son  of  the  Earl  of  Exeter,  and  grand 
son  of  Lord  Burleigh. 

Cecil,  Sir  Edward.    Speech  in  Parliament,  1621, 4to. 

Cecil,  Henry  Montague.  The  Mysterious  Visitor  ; 
or  May,  the  Rose  of  Cumberland;  a  Novel,  1805,  2  vols. 

Cecil,  Richard,  1748-1810,  a  native  of  London,  was  j 
entered  of  Queen's  College,  Oxford,  in  1773;  ordained  Dea-  | 
con,  1776;  Priest,  1777;  Minister  of  St  John's,  Bedford 
Row,  London,  1780;  presented  to  the  livings  of  Chobham  j 
and  Bisley,  in  Surrey,  1800.     Mr.  C.  was  distinguished  as  ! 
a  preacher,  and  for  his  skill  in  music  and  painting.     Life 
of  Hon.  and  Rev.  W.  B.  Cadogan,  1798;  of  John  Bacon,  I 
the  sculptor,  1801;  of  Rev.  John  Newton,  2d  edit.,  1808.  j 
These  biographies  are  contained  in  vol.  i.  of  the  edit,  of 
his  Works,  (edited  by  Rev.  Joseph  Pratt,)  in  4  vols.  8vo, 
1811 ;  vol.  ii.  contains  his  Miscellanies  and  Practical  Tracts ; 
vol.  iii.  his  Sermons;  vol.  iv.  his  Remains.     He  pub.  a  Se 
lection  of  Psalms  and  Hymns  for  the  Public  Worship  of 
the  Church  of  England,  of  which  the  32d  edit,  was  pub. 
before  1840.     In  1839  a  vol.  of  his  Sermons,  then  first  col 
lected,  was  issued ;  new  edit.,  1853, 12mo.     An  edit,  of  his 
Works,  ed.  by  Mr.  Pratt,  appeared  in  1838,  2  vols.  8vo;  and 
his  Original  Thoughts,  edited  by  Catherine  Cecil ;  2d  ed., 
1851,  p.  8vo.     Some  of  his  original  melodies  will  be  found  in 
Theophania  Cecil's  Psalm  and  Hymn  Tunes,  and  a  number 
of  his  letters  and  remarks  in  the  Memoir  of  Mrs.  Hawkes. 

"  Cecil  was  a  man  deservedly  distinguished  among  the  evangeli 
cal  clergymen  of  the  established  Church." — BISHOP  JEBB. 

"  Remarkably  original :  with  striking  and  judicious  -views.  His 
Remains,  eminently  useful  to  ministers,  and  perhaps  one  of  the 
most  valuable  books  that  has  been  given  to  them  in  modern  times." 

— BlCKERSTETH. 

"  Cecil's  style  of  preaching  partook  largely  of  his  characteristic 
excellence.  .  .  .  His  ideas,  like  the  rays  of  the  sun,  carried  their 
own  light  with  them.  Images  and  illustrations  were  at  his  com 
mand,  and  rendered  his  discourses  not  only  instructive  but  fas 
cinating.  They  were  living  pictures." 

"In  Richard  Cecil  we  see  a  man  combining  the  rich  soil  of 
native  talent  with  a  refinement  of  cultivation  not  surpassed  by 
classic  example ;  while  in  him  the  elegant  and  profound  scholar 
and  polished  gentleman  are  only  the  subordinate  characters  of 
the  humble-minded,  devoted,  and  enterprising  follower  of  the  lowly 
iesus." — Baptist  Advocate,. 

"  His  style  of  preaching  was  original  and  striking,  acutely  scruti 
nizing,  richly  embodied  with  evangelical  statements,  and  bearing 
pointedly  upon  the  experience  of  the  Christian." — Lon.  Christian 
Observer. 

Cecil,  Robert,  Earl  of  Salisbury,  1550F-1612,  son  of 
the  great  Lord  Burleigh,  and  his  father's  successor  as  prime 
minister  of  England,  was  educated  at  St.  John's  College, 
Oxford.  An  Answer  to  several  scandalous  papers,  Lon., 
1666,  fol.,  and  4to.  The  State  and  Dignity  of  a  Secretary 
of  State's  Place,  1642,  4to.  Secret  Correspondence  with 
James  VI.,  King  of  Scotland,  pub.  by  D.  Dalrymple,  Lord 
Hailes,  Edin.,  1766, 12mo.  Some  of  his  papers  are  in  the 
Harleian  MSS.,  305  and  354. 

"  He  was  evidently  a  man  of  quicker  parts,  and  a  more  spirited 
writer  and  speaker,  than  his  father." — DR.  BIRCH. 

"'Tofore  great  men  were  glad  of  poets;  now 

I.  not  the,  worst,  am  covetous  of  thee, 
Yet  dare  not  to  my  thought  least  hope  allow 
Of  adding  to  thy  fame:  thine  may  to  me, 
When  in  my  book  men  read  but  CECIL'S  name." 

BEN  JONSON  :  Epigrams. 
See  Park's  Walpole's  R.  &  N.  Authors. 

Cecil,  William,  Lord  Burleigh,  Lord  High  Trea 
surer  of  England,  1520-1598,  was  prime  minister  for  more 
than  half  a  century.  He  was  entered  of  St.  John's  Col 
lege,  Cambridge,  May  27, 1535,  and  speedily  distinguished 
himself  by  his  proficiency  in  his  studies.  As  regards  his 
subsequent  career  we  may  adopt  the  words  of  Lord  Orford. 
Burleigh's  is 

"  One  of  those  great  names  better  known  in  the  annals  of  his 
country,  than  in  those  of  the  republic  of  letters.  In  the  latter 
light  only  it  is  the  business  of  this  work  to  record  him."— S.  <&N. 
Authors. 

The  Execution  of  Justice  in  Eng.,  Lon.,  1583,  4to;  again, 
1583, 4to ;  1675,  '88,  8vo ;  in  Latin,  1584,  8vo ;  Italian,  1584, 
8vo.  Precepts,  Ac.,  1536,  18mo.  Diarium  Expeditionis 
Scotieae,  1541,  12mo.  Speech,  1592.  Advertisement,  <fcc., 
1592,  8vo.  Advice  to  Q.  Elizabeth  in  Matters  of  Religion  and 
State,  1592, 8vo.  Memorial  presented  to  Q.  Elizabeth  against 
her  being  En  grossed  by  any  Particular  Favourite,1714,12mo. 
Advice  to  his  Son,  1722, 12mo.  His  Life  of  Collins,  1732, 8vo. 
Memoirs  of  his  Life  and  Adranced  Station,  Ac. ;  with  an 


CIIA 

Appendix  of  Original  Papers  by  R.  C.,  1738,  4to.  Preface 
to  Queen  Catherine  Parr's  Lamentation  of  a  Sinner.  For 
an  account  of  his  Letters,  Genealogical  and  other  pieces 
in  MS.,  <fec.,  see  Park's  Walpole's  R.  &  N.  Authors.  Col 
lection  of  State  Papers,  1542-70;  1740,  fol.;  ditto,  1571- 
96 ;  1759,  fol.  Letters,  1542-70,  were  pub.  by  Haynes  in 
1740 ;  ditto,  1571-96,  pub.  by  Murdin,  1759.  Scrinia  Ce- 
ciliana ;  being  his  Letters,  1663,  4to.  See  Somers's  Tracts 
for  his  First  Paper,  a  Memorial,  and  Ballard's  Brit.  Ladies 
for  his  Meditation  on  the  death  of  his  Lady.  A  review  of 
Haynes's  and  Murdin's  collection  of  Cecil's  State  Papers 
will  be  found  in  Retrosp.  Review,  N.  S.,  i.  204-30;  419- 
36,  (1827.)  In  1828-31  a  most  important  work  was  giver, 
to  the  world  by  the  Rev.  Dr.  Nares,  Regius  Professor 
of  Modern  Hist,  in  the  University  of  Oxford;  viz.,  Me 
moirs  of  the  Life  and  Administration  of  Cecil,  Lord  Burgh- 
ley,  containing  a  Hist.  View  of  the  Times  in  which  he 
lived,  and  of  the  illustrious  Persons  with  whom  he  was 
connected;  now  first  pub.  from  the  originals,  3  vols.  4to. 
No  man  should  pretend  to  dogmatize  upon  the  events  of 
Elizabeth's  reign  who  has  not  digested  these  quartos. 

"A  publication  of  the  highest  national  interest,  and  a  great 
and  valuable  accession  to  our  knowledge  of  English  history,  at  a 

Kriod  when  that  history  is  most  important In  his  preface 
•.  Nares  tells  us  that  he  found  that  he  had  done  but  little  when 
he  had  carefully  read  and  examined  more  than  fifty-nine  thousand 
closely  printed  pages  for  one  volume  alone.  It  is  by  such  indefa 
tigable  researches  that  he  has  been  enabled  to  correct  many  errors 
in  Rapin,  Strype,  Neale,  Lingard,  and  others." — Lon.  Athenceum. 

"This  elaborate  and  sterling  work  appears  in  the  good  old  solid 
form  of  nearly  800  pages  to  the  volume.  As  it  would  be  impossi 
ble,  in  a  journal  like  ours,  to  afford  any  adequate  idea  of  the  mul 
titude  of  great  historical,  biographical,  religious,  and  political 
questions  which  are  embraced  and  discussed  in  a  work  of  such 
magnitude,  we  must  here  take  leave  of  it,  and  content  ourselves 
with  again  recommending  it  on  its  intrinsic  merits  as  a  work  of 
great  historical  value." — Lon.  Literary  Gazette. 

"  Both  public  depositories  and  private  collections  have  been  con 
sulted  with  all  the  ardour  that  the  magnitude  and  importance  of 
the  work  required."— Lon.  Gent.  Mag. 

"If  thou  would'st  know  the  vertues  of  mankind, 
Read  here  in  one,  what  thou  in  all  canst  find, 
And  go  no  further :  let  this  circle  be 
.    Thy  universe,  though  his  epitome : — 
CECIL,  the  grave,  the  wise,  the  great,  the  good! 
What  is  there  more  that  can  ennoble  blood?" 

Ben  Jonson's  Epigrams. 

Cecil,  William.  Every  Bankrupt  his  own  Lawyer, 
1715,  8vo. 

Celer,  L.     The  Censors  Censured,  Lon.,  1698,  8vo. 

Cellier,  Eliz.     Malice  Defeated,  &c.,  1680,  '89,  4to. 

Celsius,  Andrew.  Con.  to  Phil.  Trans.,  1725-36: 
Astronomy;  Antiquities;  the  Barometer. 

Cennick,  John,  a  Calvinistic  Methodist,  d.  1755. 
Edward  Lee,  1729,  8vo.  Autobiog.,  1745,  8vo.  Serms., 
1762,  2  vols.  12mo;  frequently  reprinted;  last  edit.,  1852, 
12mo. 

"Great  simplicity  and  zeal."— DR.  E.  WILLIAMS. 

"  Evangelical." — BICKERSTETH. 

Cent,  Nehem.  A  Word  to  L.  P.  Assembly,  Lon., 
1650,  4to. 

Centlivre,  Susannah,  1667  P-1722,  a  dramatic  writer 
of  considerable  note  in  her  day,  was  a  daughter  of  Mr. 
Freeman,  of  Lincolnshire.  She  was  thrice  married  : — 1st 
to  a  nephew  of  Sir  Stephen  Fox;  2dly  to  Colonel  Carrol; 
and  3dly  to  Joseph  Centlivre,  principal  cook  to  Queen 
Anne.  She  sometimes  appeared  upon  the  stage,  but  was 
more  successful  as  a  composer.  Her  wit,  beauty,  and  ac 
complishments  made  her  a  favourite  in  the  literary  circles 
presided  over  by  Steele,  Budgell,  Rowe,  Ac.  Her  Works, 
with  a  New  Account  of  her  Life,  appeared  in  1761,  3  vols. 
12mo.  A  list  of  her  19  plays — among  which  A  Bold  Stroke 
for  a  Wife  and  the  Perjured  Husband — will  be  found  in 
the  Biog.  Dramatica. 

"  We  cannot  help  giving  it  as  our  opinion,  that  if  we  do  not  al 
low  her  to  be  the  very  first  of  our  female  writers  for  the  stage,  she 
has  but  one  above  her,  and  may  justly  be  placed  next  to  her  pre 
decessor  in  dramatic  glory,  the  great  Mrs.  Bebn." — Biog.  Dramat. 

Ceolfrid,  or  Ceolfrith,  642  ?-7l6,  succeeded  Benedict 
Biscop  in  690  as  Abbot  of  Wearmouth.  His  letter  ad 
dressed  to  the  King  of  the  Picts  on  the  observance  of  Easter, 
has  been  highly  commended. 

"  Bale  attributes  to  Ceolfrid,  Homilies,  Epistles,  and  other  works, 
amongst  which  one,  he  says,  treated  of  De  sua  peregrinatione. 
Little  credit  however  can  be  given  to  this  statement,  as  Bale  had 
evidently  not  seen  the  books  he  describes." — Wright's  Biog.  Brit. 
Lit. 

Cetta,  John.  Tryal  of  Witchcraft,  shewing  the  true 
and  right  method  of  discovery,  1616,  4to. 

Chad,  G.  W.     Revolution  in  Holland,  1814,  8vo. 

Chaderton,  Lawrence,  D.D.,  first  Master  of  Ema- 
nuel  College,  Cambridge,  1546-1640,  was  educated  at 
Christ's  College.  He  was  one  of  the  translators  of  the 


CHA 


CHA 


version  of  the  Bible  made  by  order  of  James  I.  Sermon, 
1578, 16mo.  Treatise  on  Justification ;  pub.  by  A.  Thysius, 
Prof,  of  Divinity  at  Leyden,  with  other  tracts  on  the  same 
subject,  His  Life  was  pub.  by  William  Dillingham,  at 
Cambridge,  in  1700. 

"He  was  a  man  of  acknowledged  piety,  benevclence.and  learning." 

Chadlicet,  Thomas.  Speech  in  behalf  of  the  King 
and  Parliament,  Lon.,  1642,  4to. 

Chadwell.  Scripture  Concordance,  Lon.,  1650, 12mo. 
Satyr  to  his  Muse,  Lon.,  1682,  fol. 

Chadwich,  Daniel.     Sermon,  Lon.,  1698,  12mo. 

ChadAVich,  John.     Sermon,  1614,  4to. 

Chadxvick,  Edwin,  b.  1801,  near  Manchester.  Re 
port  from  the  Poor-Law  Commissioners,  Lon.,  1842. 

"  A  great  deal  of  authentic  and  very  valuable  information.  .  .  . 
The  interesting  and  elaborate  report  by  the  same  gentleman,  on 
interment  in  towns,  discloses  some  really  frightful  abuses." — 
McCulloclSs  Lit.  of  P,,lit.  Economy. 

Chadwick,  Rev.  Jabez,  b.  1779,  at  Lee,  Mass.  For 
more  than  fifty  years  a  pastor  in  Western  N.  Y.  Two  works 
on  Christian  Baptism,  1832-38.  New  Testament  Diet., 
1849 ;  a  work  which  received  high  commendation. 

Chafie.     The  Fourth  Commandment,  1652,  4to. 

Chafin,  William.  Anecdotes  and  History  of  Cran- 
bourn  Chase,  Lon.,  8vo. 

Chafy,     John.     Fast  Sermon,  1757,  8vo. 

Chafy,  William.     Sermon,  1803,  8vo. 

Chalenor,  Mary.  Walter  Gray ;  a  Ballad,  and  other 
Poems,  Lon.,  12mo ;  2d  ed.,  1843.  Poetical  Remains  of 
M.  C.,  12mo,  1843 ;  and  included  in  2d  edit,  of  Walter  Gray. 

"  As  the  simple  and  spontaneous  effusions  of  a  mind  apparently 
filled  with  feelings  which  render  the  fireside  happy,  and  untinc- 
tured  with  affectation  or  verbiage,  they  may  with  benefit  be  re 
ceived  into  the  '  happy  homes  of  England,'  and  offered  as  a  gift  to 
the  youthful  of  both  sexes." — Cftambers's  L'din.  Journal. 

"  The  poems  are  sweetly  natural ;  and  though  on  topics  often 
sung,  breathe  a  tenderness  and  melancholy  which  are  at  once  sooth 
ing  and  consolatory." — Lon.  Literary  Gazette. 

Chalford,  K.     Sermon,  Oxf.,  1644,  4to. 

Chalk,  Eliza.  A  Peep  into  Architecture,  Lon.,  16mo  : 
2d  ed.,  1848. 

"  What  has  been  done  by  Mrs.  Chalk  is  simply,  unaffectedly, 
and  well  written.  Most  of  the  principal  details  of  Church  Archi 
tecture  and  ornaments  are  briefly  explained  in  lansuage  divested 
of  technical  characters;  and  the  neat  lithographic  illustrations  are 
decidedly  well  chosen,  and  correctly  delineated." — Ecclesiologist. 

"It  traces  the  history  of  Architecture  from  the,  earliest  times." 
—The.  Builder. 

"A  meritorious  attempt — pleasingly  written." — Lon.  Athf.nceum. 

Chalkhill,  John,  is  a  name  prefixed  by  Izaak  Walton 
to  a  work  pub.  by  him  in  1683,  entitled  Thealma  and 
Clearchus  :  A  Pastoral  History  in  smooth  and  easie  verse. 
Walton  speaks  of  Chalkhill  as  the  Friend  and  "Acquaint 
ance  of  Edmund  Spenser,"  but  as  there  is  no  other  evidence 
of  the  existence  of  such  a  friend  of  the  author  of  the  Faery 
Queen,  (for  the  Winchester  Cathedral  Chalkhill  cannot  be 
the  poet  wanted,)  some  critics  have  considered  Chalkhill 
as  only  a  nom  de  plume,  and  believe  Walton  to  be  the  au 
thor  of  the  Pastoral  History.  See  this  question  discussed 
in  Mr.  Singer's  reprint  of  Thealma  and  Clearchus  in  an 
article  in  the  Lon.  Retrospective  Review,  iv.  230, 1821,  and 
in  Beloe's  Anecdotes,  i.  69-74.  Those  who  have  confidence 
in  Izaak's  veracity,  when  they  read  the  following  positive 
assertions,  may  feel  inclined  to  range  themselves  on  the 
side  of  Chalkhill  believers: 

"  He  was  in  his  time  a  man  generally  known,  and  as  w.ell  be 
loved;  for  he  was  humble  and  obliging  in  his  behaviour;  a  gentle 
man,  a  scholar,  very  innocent  and  prudent;  and,  indeed,  his  whole 
life  was  useful,  quiet,  and  virtuous." 

"  The  versification  of  Thealma  and  Clearchus  is  extremely  sweet 
and  equable.  Occasionally  harsh  lines  and  unlicensed  rhymes 
occur ;  but  they  are  only  exceptions  to  the  general  style  of  the 
poem, — the  errors  of  haste  or  negligence." — Lon.  Retrosp.  .Ker.,1821. 

Chalkey,  Thomas,  d.  1749,  whilst  on  a  missionary- 
visit  at  the  isle  of  Tortola,  came  from  England  to  Penn 
sylvania  in  1701,  and  resided  chiefly  in  this  State  for  the 
rest  of  his  life.  His  Journal,  and  a  collection  of  his  writ 
ings,  were  pub.  at  Phila.,  1747;  Lon.,  1751 ;  N.Y.,  1808. 
"  He  was  a  man  of  many  virtues."  See  Proud's  Hist.,  i.  463. 

Challen,  Rev.  James,  b.  at  Hackensack,  N.  Jersey; 
a  publisher  in  Philadelphia.  1.  The  Cave  of  Machpelah, 
and  other  Poems,  Phila.,  1856,  12mo.  2.  The  Gospel  and 
its  Elements.  3.  Christian  Evidences. 

Challice,  A.  E.    The  Village  School  Fete,  Lon.,  12mo. 
"Considered  as  a  religious  tale,  the  story  is  well  contrived,  and 
there  is  with  it  a  better  knowledge  of  the  world  than  is  often  found 
in  serious  novels." — Lon.  Spectator. 

Challoner,  Richard,  D.D.,  Bishop  of  Debra,  1691- 
1781,  a  native  of  Lewes,  Sussex,  studied  at  the  English 
R.  C.  College  at  Douay,  and  embraced  the  Roman  Catho 
lic  religion.  In  1730  he  returned  to  England,  and  pub. 
an  answer  to  Middleton's  Letter  from  Rome,  for  which  he 
was  denounced  as  an  enemy  to  his  country,  and  obliged  to 


|  abscond.  In  1741  he  was  made  titulary  Bishop  of  Lon- 
I  don  and  Salisbury,  and  Vicar  Apostolic  of  the  Metropoli- 
!  tan  District.  Church  History,  1737,  3  vols.  fol.  Britan 
nia  Sancta,  Lon.,  1745,  fol.  A  Manual  of  Prayers  and 
other  Christian  Devotions,  revised  by  R.  C.,  1819,  18mo. 
Grounds  of  the  Catholic  Doctrine,  13th  edit.,  1828,  18mo. 
A  Popular  Tract.  Memoirs  of  Missionary  Priests,  and 
others  of  both  Sexes,  who  suffered  on  Account  of  their  Re 
ligion  from  1577  to  1688,  Manchest,  1803.  Spirit  of  Dis 
senting  Teachers.  Grounds  of  the  Old  Religion.  Unerr 
ing  Authority  of  the  Catholic  Church.  A  Caveat  against 
Methodism.  Meditations  for  every  Day  in  the  Year,  Der 
by,  1843,  2  vols.  24mo.  A'repub.  of  Gother's  Papist  Misre 
presented  and  Represented ;  26th  edit.,  Lon.,  1825,  18mo, 
a  popular  R.  C.  tract.  Life  of  Richard  Challoner,  by 
James  Barnard,  Lon.,  1784,  8vo. 

Chalmers.  Con.  to  Phil.  Trans.,  1750. 
Chalmers,  Alexander,  1759-1834,  a  native  of  Aber 
deen,  where  his  father  was  a  printer,  received  a  good  clas 
sical  and  medical  education.  He  came  to  London  about 
1777,  and  found  literary  employment  as  a  contributor  to 
St.  James's  Chronicle,  The  Morning  Chronicle,  The  Morn 
ing  Herald,  and  the  Critical  and  Analytical  Reviews.  A 
Continuation  of  the  History  of  England,,  in  Letters,  1793, 
2  vols.;  1798;  1803;  1821.  Glossary  to  Shakspeare,  1797. 
Sketch  of  the  Isle  of  Wight,  1798.  Barclay's  English 
Dictionary.  The  British  Essayist,  1843,  45  vols.  12mo : 
j  commencing  with  The  Tatler,  and  ending  with  The  Ob 
server;  with  Prefaces,  Hist,  and  Biog.,  and  collated  with 
j  the  original  editions;  again  pub.  in  1808  and  in  1823, 
38  vols.  18mo.  The  Spectator,  Tatler,  and  Guardian  in 
1822,  12  vols.  8vo. 

"  The  long  series  of  periodical  works,  which,  from  the  days  of 
Addison  to  those  of  Mackenzie,  have  enriched  our  literature  with 
so  many  effusions  of  genius,  humour,  wit,  and  learning." — Sm 
WALTER  SCOTT. 

"As  we  read  in  these  delightful  volumes  of  the  '  Tatler5  and 
'  Spectator,'  the  past  age  returns — the  England  of  our  ancestors  is 
revivified.  The  May  Pole  rises  again  in  the  Strand,  in  London — the 
beaux  are  gathering  in  the  Coffee  Houses.  The  footmen  are  run 
ning  with  links  before  chariots,  or  fighting  round  the  theatre  doors, 
Ac."— THACKERAY. 

In  1809  he  pub.  an  edition  of  Shakspeare  with  Hist,  and 
Explanatory  Notes  from  the  most  eminent  Commentators, 
<fec. ;  from  Steevens,  <fec. ;  again,  1812  and  1845,  8  vols.  8vo. 
We  quote  an  opinion  without  comment : 

"  This  is,  unquestionably,  the  most  desirable  edition  for  all  who 
desire  to  enjoy  their  author,  without  having  their  attention  drawn 
from4  him  every  moment  to  the  petty  squabbles  of  his  parasitical 
commentators." 

Works  of  the  English  Poets  from  Chaucer  to  Cowper ; 
with  Johnson's  Lives,  and  additional  Lives,  by  A.  C.,  1810, 
j  21  vols.  r.  8vo,  £25.     History  of  the  Colleges,  Halls,  and 
Public  Buildings  attached  to  the  University  of  Oxford,  in 
cluding  the  Lives  of  the  Founders,  1810,  2  vols.  8vo. 

"This  work  contains  much  information  which  will  be  useful 
and  amusing  to  the  generality  of  readers,  and  which  could  not  be 
procured,  except  in  works  which  are  now  become  both  scarce  and 
expensive." — Lon.  Quarterly  fieview. 

"A  fitter  person  to  execute  this  task  than  Mr.  Chalmers  could 
not  have  been  found;  long  versed  in  every  branch  of  inquiry  re 
lative  to  the  history,  biography,  and  antiquities,  as  well  as  prac 
tised  in  the  art  of  writing,  of  a  discriminating  mind,  and  cool  judg 
ment." — Lon.  British  Critic. 

The  General  Biographical  Dictionary,  1812-17,  32  vols. 
8vo.  This  is  a  very  valuable  work,  to  which  this  volume 
is  very  much  indebted. 

"  No  good  library  can  possibly  be  considered  complete  without 
the  excellent  Biographical  Dictionary  of  Chalmers." 

"  The  most  extensive  and  important  "body  of  Biographical  and 
I  Bibliographical  information  ever  published  in  this  country." 

This  work  is  now  (1854)  worth  £7  to  £10,  according  to 
the  binding  and  condition. 

Among  the  last  labours  of  Mr.  C.  were  an  abridgment 
of  Todd's  Johnson  Dictionary,  in  1820 ;  the  9th  edit  of 
Boswell's  Johnson,  in  1822,  and  a  new  edit,  of  Shakspeare, 
and  one  of  Dr.  Johnson's  works,  in  1823.  In  addition  to 
the  labours  noticed  by  us,  he  edited  the  works  of  Fielding, 
Gibbon,  Bolingbroke,  Pope,  <fcc.,  wrote  many  biographi 
cal  sketches,  and  assisted  in  a  number  of  literary  under 
takings.  For  particulars  see  Lon.  Gent  Mag.,  Feb.  1835. 

"Mr.  Chalmers  was  most  indefatigable  and  laborious  in  his  stu 
dies  and  devotion  to  literature.  No  man  ever  edited  so  many 
works  for  the  booksellers  of  London ;  and  his  attention  to  accuracy 
of  collation,  his  depth  of  research  as  to  facts,  and  his  discrimina- 
i  tion  as  to  the  character  of  the  authors  under  his  review,  cannot 
be  too  highly  praised."— ion.  Gent.  Mug.,  1835. 

Chalmers,  Lt.  (has.     Polit  Pamphlets,  1796-1802. 

Chalmers,  David.     See  CHAMBERS. 

Chalmers,  George,  1742-1825,  a  native  of  Foclmbers, 
Scotland,  was  educated  at  King's  College,  Old  Aberdeen. 
After  devoting  some  time  to  the  study  of  the  law,  he  emi 
grated  to  Maryland,  and  practised  in  the  colonial  courts 


CHA 


CHA 


for  ten  years.  The  American  struggle  for  independence, 
to  which  he  was  opposed,  proving  successful,  he  returned 
to  England,  and  his  loyalty  was  rewarded  in  1786  by  a 
clerkship  in  the  board  of  trade,  which  he  retained  until  his 
death.  He  pub.  a  number  of  political,  historical,  biogra 
phical,  and  miscellaneous  works,  some  of  which  we  notice. 
A  Collection  of  Treaties  between  Great  Britain  and  other 
Powers,  Lon.,  1750,  2  vols.  Svo;  and  1790.  Political  An 
nals  of  the  Present  United  Colonies,  Book  1,  to  1688, 1780, 
,4to ;  all  published.  Repub.,  with  addits.,  Introduc.  to  the 
Hist.,  Ac.,  Bosk,  1845,  2  vols.  8vo. 

"  You  will  sometimes  see  the  work  of  Chalmers  referred  to.  It 
is  an  immense,  heavy,  tedious  book,  to  explain  the  legal  history 
of  the  different  colonies  of  America.  It  should  be  consulted  on  all 
such  points.  But  it  is  impossible  to  read  it.  The  leaves,  however, 
should  be  turned  over,  for  curious  particulars  often  occur,  and  the 
nature  of  the  first  settlement  and  original  laws  of  each  colony  should 
be  known.  The  last  chapter,  indeed,  ought  to  be  read.  The  right 
to  tax  the  colonies  became  a  great  point  of  dispute.  Chalmers 
means  to  show  that  the  sovereignty  of  the  British  Parliament  ex 
isted  over  America,  because  the  settlers,  though  emigrants,  were 
still  English  subjects  and  members  of  the  empire." — Prof.  Smyth's 
Lect.  <m  Mod.  Hist. 

Lord  Sheffield's  Observations  on  the  Commerce  of  the 
American  States  were  pub.  in  1784.  An  Estimate  of  the 
Comparative  Strength  of  Great  Britain  during  the  next 
and  four  preceding  Reigns,  Ac.,  1782,  4to;  1794, 1802;  new 
edit.,  corrected  and  continued  to  1810;  1810,  2  vols.  8vo. 

"  Written  to  dispel  the  gloomy  apprehensions  of  those  who  sup 
posed  that  the  country  was  in  a  ruined  state  at  the  close  of  the 
American  war;  and  it  successfully  accomplished  its  object." — 

MCCULLOCH. 

Opinions  on  Interesting  Subjects  of  Public  Laws  and 
Commercial  Policy,  arising  from  American  Independence, 
1784,  8vo.  Apology  for  the  Believers  of  the  Shakspeare 
Papers,  1797,  8vo.  Supplementary  Apology,  1799,  8vo. 
Appendix,  1800,  8vo. 

"Indispensably  necessary  to  every  Shakspearian  collector." — 
LOWNDES. 

Life  of  Thomas  Buddiman,  1794,  8vo.  The  Appendix 
contains  a  valuable  chronological  list  of  early  English 
newspapers,  and  other  interesting  matter. 

Life  of  Sir  David  Lyndsay,  and  a  Glossary  of  his  Poetical 
Works,  1806,  3  vols.  8vo. 

"  Mr.  Chalmers  has  here  given  a  much-improved  and  excellent 
edition  of  the  works  of  Sir  David  Lyndsay.  His  publication  is 
entitled  to  the  highest  commendation." — British  Critic. 

Life  of  Mary,  Queen  of  Scots,  from  the  State  Papers,  2d 
edit,,  1822,  3  vols.  Svo.  A  valuable  history. 

Mr.  C/s  great  work,  to  which  much  of  his  life  was  de 
voted,  was  a  comprehensive  topographical  and  historical 
account  of  Great  Britain,  from  the  earliest  times — styled 
Caledonia.  Of  the  four  volumes  projected,  only  three 
appeared — the  result  of  vast  labour  and  research — Vol.  i., 
1807;  ii.,  1810;  iii.,  1824;  all  4to.  The  concluding  por 
tion  was  left  by  the  indefatigable  author  in  MS. 

"  The  Caledonia  is  to  the  Anglo-Saxon  History  what  Stonehenge 
is  to  a  carved  front  in  an  old  cathedral.  It  is  one  of  the  children 
of  Anak.  In  deep  research  and  heaping  together  of  matter,  the 
Britannia  of  Camden  fades  away  before  it.  A  life,  and  a  long  and 
busy  one,  was  almost  exclusively  devoted  to  this  stupendous 
work :  the  author  lived  to  complete  it,  and  no  more.  The  con 
cluding  volume  is  still  in  manuscript;  and  no  bookseller  has  ap 
peared  willing  to  hazard  the  expense  of  giving  to  the  world  a 
thousand  pages  quarto.  This  is  one  of  those  cases  in  which  lite 
rature  is  not  its  own  reward ;  and  had  Chalmers  lived  in  any  land 
under  the  sun  save  this,  his  Caledonia  would  have  been  published 
by  the  government,  and  the  learned  author  pensioned."— ALLAN 
CUNNINGHAM  :  Lit.  of  the  Last  Fifty  Tears. 

"  It  is  impossible' to  speak  too  highly  of  the  excellencies  of  this 
elaborate  work — more  elaborate,  indeed,  and  copious,  more  abound 
ing  with  original  information,  than  any  work  in  British  History 
or  Antiquities  which  ever  came  from  one  author.  It  will  rank 
•with  the  immortal  BRITANNIA  of  CAMDEN,  which  it  for  surpasses  in 
industry  of  research  and  accumulation  of  matter." — Lon.  Quar 
terly  Review. 

_  "  This  gentleman  is  the  Atlas  of  Scotch  Antiquaries  and  Histo 
rians  ;  bearing  on  his  own  shoulders  whatever  has  been  collected, 
and  with  pam  separately  endured  by  his  predecessors;  whom 
neither  difficulties  tire,  nor  dangers  daunt."— Dibdin's  Library 
Companion. 

Will  it  be  thought  impertinent  in  an  American  to  urge 
one  of  the  Literary  Clubs,  which  do  such  credit  to  Great 
Britain,  to  worthily  distinguish  itself  by  publishing  the 
remaining  MSS.  of  this  great  work? 

Chalmers,  James,  D.D.     Serinon,  1714,  4to 

Chalmers,  Lionel,  M.D.,  1715F-1777,  a  native  of 
Scotland,  emigrated  to  South  Carolina,  where  he  practised 
medicine  for  more  than  40  years.     Essay  on  Fevers,  Lon. 
1768,  Svo.    The  Weather  and  Diseases  of  S.  Carolina  Lon 
1776,  2  vols.  8vo.     Con.  to  Med.  Obs.  and  Inq. 

Chalmers,  Robert.     Sermons,  Edin.,  1798. 

Chalmers,  Thomas,  D.D.,  LL.D.,  and  member  of 
the  Royal  Institute  of  France,  1780-1847,  the  most  eini-  j 
nent  Scottish  divine  of  his  day,  was  a  native  of  Anstru- 
362 


ther,  Fifeshire.  He  entered  the  University  of  St.  An 
drew's  in  1791.  Selecting  the  ministry  as  his  profession, 
he  was  ordained  in  the  Church  of  Scotland,  and  officiated 
as  assistant  minister  in  the  parish  of  Cavers,  from  whence 
he  removed  to  Kilinany,  in  Fifeshire,  and  in  1814  to  the 
Tron  Church  of  Glasgow,  where  he  speedily  became  cele 
brated  as  the  most  eloquent  preacher  of  his  day.  The  ar 
ticle  Christianity,  contributed  to  Sir  David  Brewster's 
Edinburgh  Encyclopaedia,  and  since  pub.  in  book  form, 
added  to  the  evidences  of  the  writer's  eminent  abilities. 
In  1817  he  pub.  his  Discourses  on  Astronomy;  in  1818  his 
Commercial  Discourses;  in  1819  and  1820  appeared  the 
Occasional  Discourses,  and  in  1821  (1821-26,  3  vols.  8vo) 
he  gave  to  the  world  The  Civic  and  Christian  Economy  of 
Large  Towns.  Mr.  McCulloch  thus  notices  this  work  : 

"  Dr.  Chalmers  is  a  zealous,  or  rather  a  fanatical,  opponent  of 
poor-laws.  His  projects  for  providing  for  the  support  of  the  poor, 
without  resorting  to  a  compulsory  provision,  which  he  regards  as 
one  of  the  greatest  possible  evils,  are  developed  in  this  work.  But 
while  we  admit  the  goodness  of  his  intentions,  nothing,  as  it  ap 
pears  to  us,  can  be  more  futile  and  visionary  than  his  schemes ; 
more  inconsistent  with  principle,  experience,  and  common  sense." 
— Lit.  of  Polit.  Economy. 

In  1824  he  was  appointed  to  the  Professorship  of  Moral 
Philosophy  in  the  University  of  St.  Andrew's.  Whilst 
thus  settled  he  pub.  his  works  on  Endowments,  his  Bridge- 
water  Treatise,  the  Lectures  on  the  Romans,  and  his  Poli 
tical  Economy  in  connexion  with  the  Moral  State  and 
Moral  Prospects  of  Society,  (Glasgow,  1832,  Svo.)  This 
work  also  incurs  the  censure  of  the  celebrated  critic  whom 
we  have  just  quoted  : 

"  The  principles  which  pervade  the  work  are  mostly  borrowed 
from  the  Economists  and  Mr.  Malthus;  and  are  frequently  either 
wholly  unsound,  or  carried  to  such  an  extreme  as  to  become  inap 
plicable  and  absurd.  It,  however,  contains  some  ingenious  dis 
quisitions.  It  was  reviewed  in  the  Edinburgh  Review,  (vol.  Ivi. 
pp.  52-72.)  Dr.  Chalmers  replied  to  the  reviewers  in  a  pamphlet, 
in  which  he  ineffectually  endeavoured  to  vindicate  his  doctrines 
from  the  objections  urged  against  them." — 31cCuUoch's  Lit.  of  Pol. 
Economy. 

In  1828  he  was  removed  to  the  Chair  of  Theology  in  the 
University  of  Edinburgh,  "  the  highest  academical  dis 
tinction  which  could  be  bestowed." 

Dr.  Chalmers  was  the  principal  leader  of  the  seceding 
party  in  the  difficulties  which  resulted  in  the  disruption 
of  the  Church  of  Scotland  in  1843.  Resigning  his  pro 
fessor's  chair  in  the  University  of  Edinburgh,  he  was 
elected  principal  and  primarius  Professor  of  Theology  to 
the  seceding  body.  The  degree  of  LL.D.  conferred  by  the 
University  of  Oxford,  and  election  as  a  corresponding 
member  of  the  Royal  Institute  of  France — "honours 
never  before  accorded  to  a  Presbyterian  divine,  and  seldom 
to  a  Scotsman" — are  striking  evidences  of  the  esteem  in 
which  this  eminent  man  was  held  by  the  most  learned 
judges  of  literary  merit.  On  the  evening  of  Sunday, 
May  30,  1847,  Dr.  Chalmers  retired  to  rest  "apparently  in 
perfect  health,  and  died  calmly  during  the  night,  the  bed 
clothes  being  found  undisturbed  about  his  person."  He 
left  a  widow  and  six  children — one  married  to  the  Rev. 
Dr.  Hanna  of  Stirling,  an  author  and  editor  of  the  North 
British  Review,  who  has  since  pub.  Dr.  C.'s  posthumous 
works,  and  Memoirs  of  his  Life  and  Writings.  See  Lon. 
Gent.  Mag.,  July,  1847,  to  which  we  are  indebted  for  many 
of  the  above  facts.  The  writings  of  Dr.  C.  were  pub.  by 
Messrs.  Thomas  Constable  &  Co.,  Edinburgh,  in  the  fol 
lowing  order : 

Works;  25  vols.  12mo. 
Vols.  1,  2.  Natural  Theology. 

3,  4.  Christian  Evidences. 

"  5.  Moral  Philosophy. 

6.  Commercial  Discourses. 

7.  Astronomical  Discourses. 
8,  9, 10.  Congregational  Sermons. 

"  11.  Sermons  on  Public  Occasions. 

12.  Tracts  and  Essays. 

"  13.  Introductory  Essays  to  Select  Authors. 

"          14, 15, 16.  Polity  of  Nations. 

"  17.  Church  Establishments. 

"  18.  Church  Extension. 

"  19,  20.  Political  Economy. 

21.  Parochial  System. 

"     22,  23,  24,  25.  Lectures  on  the  Romans. 
Posthumous  Works  ;  edited  by  the  Rev.  Dr.  Hanna,  9  vols. 
8vo.,  1847-49. 

Daily  Scripture  Readings,  3  vols. 

Sabbath  Scripture  Readings,  2  vols. 

Sermons  Illustrative  of  Different  Stages  in  His  Minis 
try,  1  vol. 

"  This  volume  of  the  Posthumous  Works  of  the  great  Scottish 
divine  has  a  distinct  utility  of  its  own.  These  discourses  extend 


CHA 

over  a  period  of  nearly  fifty  years;  they  mark  the  ripening  of  a 
mind  originally  fertile,  and  the  perfecting  of  an  eloquence  forcible 
from  its  earliest  effort;  but  they  are  still  more  interesting  to  the 
minister  and  the  religious  inquirer,  as  showing  not  an  education 
hut  a  regeneration  of  the  spiritual  nature;  not  a  completion,  but 
a  reformation,  of  belief  on  the  great  evangelical  articles  of  our 
faith."—  Wutchman. 

Institutes  of  Theology,  2  vols. 

"  In  1841  Dr.  Chalmers  commenced  rewriting  and  remoulding 
his  Theological  Lectures  into  the  form  of  a  complete  and  compre 
hensive  Treatise  on  Systematic  Divinity.  To  this  work  all  his 
leisure  time  was  given.  None  of  his  published  writings  received 
larger,  if  so  large,  a  measure  of  the  author's  care  and  thought  in 
their  preparation.  He  looked  forward  to  it  himself,  when  com 
pleted,  as  his  largest  and  most  matured  contribution  to  the  science 
of  theology ;  and  he  has  left  it  nearly  in  the  state  in  which  he  de 
signed  to  present  it  to  public  notice." 

"  A  work  worthy  of  the  veteran  theologian  and  preacher  whose 
masculine  yet  child-like  mind  lives  in  its  pages.  For  the  spirit  it 
breathes,  still  more  than  for  the  views  of  truth  it  exhibits,  we  de 
sire  that  it  may  be  widely  studied  among  our  young  preachers  and 
theological  students." — Patriot. 

Prelections  on  Butler's  Analogy,  <fec.,  1  vol. 
"  Never  did  Calvinism  appear  to  greater  advantage  than  in  these 
Prelections.  We  refer  not  so  much  to  the  victorious  argument 
that  is  wielded  in  its  defence,  as  to  the  life  our  professor  breathes 
into  it,  and  the  life  that  he  draws  from  it.  How  often  is  the  Ed- 
wardean  Calvinism  of  the  North  defended  as  a  system  scientific 
ally  correct,  and  the  argument  left  there !  But  the  volume  before 
us  may  convince  any  one  that,  rightly  interpreted,  and  savingly 
experienced — understood  in  all  its  parts,  and  seen  in  all  its  rela 
tions,  it  is  not  more  a  system  of  orthodoxy  than  a  source  of  god 
liness."— Journal  of  Prophecy. 

"  To  commend  these  works  is  superfluous;  they  have  met  with 
universal  approbation  from  the  British  press  and  public.  That 
the  periodical  press,  representing  so  great  a  variety.of  religious 
and  political  opinions,  should  have  so  generally  noticed  them,  and 
that  too  with  high  commendation,  is  a  circumstance  exceedingly 
rare,  if  not  unparalleled.  They  have  charms  for  the  merely  lite 
rary  man,  and  they  will  obtain  a  hearing  for  evangelical  truth, 
in  quarters  from  which  it  would  otherwise  be  excluded." — Kitto's 
Journal :  Notice  of  the  Posthumous  Works. 

In  addition  to  the  above,  the  reader  must  procure  Me 
moirs  of  the  Life  and  Writings  of  Dr.  Chalmers.  By  his  son- 
in-law,  the  Rev.  Wm.  Hanna,  LL.D.,  4  vols.  8vo,  1849-52. 
"  Dr.  Hanna  is  to  be  congratulated  on  the  manner  in  which  he 
has  fulfilled  the  important  task  on  which  he  has  now  for  several 
years  been  engaged.  Dr.  Chalmers  is  a  man  whose  life  and  cha 
racter  may  well  engage  many  writers ;  but  no  one  possessed  such 
materials  as  Dr.  Hanna  for  writing  a  biography  so  full  and  de 
tailed  as  was  in  this  case  demanded.  The  four  volumes  which  he 
has  laid  before  the  public  are  not  only  an  ample  discharge  of  his 
special  obligations  as  regards  his  splendid  subject,  but  also  a  much- 
needed  example  of  the  manner  in  which  biographies  of  this  kind, 
combining  original  narrative  with  extracts  from  writings  and  cor 
respondence,  ought  to  be  written." — Lon.  Athenaium. 

"  We  find  that  throughout  this  article,  we  have  been  serving 
Dr.  Hanna  very  much  as  he  has  served  himself  in  the  course  of 
his  labours,  in  compiling  these  Memoirs.  He,  occupied  with  his 
great  subject,  has  kept  himself  out  of  view :  and  we,  warmed  at 
the  same  fire,  have  been  almost  as  forgetful  as  he  himself.  But 
he  will  have  his  revenge  of  us.  All  the  world  has  read,  or  will 
presently  be  reading,  what  he  has  written;  and  thousands  of 
readers  will  be  grateful  to  him  for  what  he  has  done,  so  well,  for 
their  edification  and  pleasure;  or  even  if  they  forget  to  render 
this  deserved  tribute,  it  will  be  because  with  them  as  with  us,  a 
Memoir  of  Chalmers,  if  worthily  compiled,  must,  in  the  nature  of 
the  case,  quite  fill  the  reader's  thoughts  and  heart,  criticism  for 
gotten."— ISAAC  TAYLOR,  in  the  North  British  Review. 

"  We  lose  no  time  in  recommending  our  readers  to  procure  this 
book,  which  abounds  with  choice  extracts  from  the  earlier  corre 
spondence  of  the  true-hearted  Dr.  Chalmers ;  throwing  much  light 
on  the  progress  and  development  of  an  intellect  destined  to  exer 
cise  an  influence  so  important  on  the  Church  of  his  own  day,  and 
to  transmit  to  posterity  a  legacy  so  precious."— Eclectic  Review. 

It  were  easy  to  adduce  many  more  testimonies  to  the 
value  of  the  labours  of  Dr.  Chalmers  as  a  Christian  teacher 
and  a  zealous  and  enlightened  philanthropist: — but  this 
article  is  already  long,  and  three  or  four  more  quotations 
must  conclude  it : 

"  To  activity  and  enterprise  he  has  read  a  new  lesson.  To  dis 
interested  but  far-seeing  goodness  he  has  supplied  a  new  motive 
To  philanthropy  he  has  given  new  impulse,  and  to  the  pulpit  new 
inspiration.  And  whilst  he  has  added  another  to  the  short  cata 
logue  of  this  world's  great  men,  he  has  gone  up,  another  and  a 
majestic  on-looker,  to  the  cloud  of  witnesses."— North  British 
Review. 

"  We  meet  Dr.  Chalmers  as  we  should  the  war-horse  in  Job,  with 
feelings  which  almost  unfit  us  for  marking  his  port,  or  measuring 
his  paces:  'his  neck  is  clothed  with  thunder;  the  glory  of  his 
nostrils  is  terrible ;  he  paweth  in  the  valley,  and  rejoiceth  in  his 
strength.'  Such  a  champion  in  the  arena  of  spiritual  warfare 
ought  to  be  hailed  with  acclamations,  and  heralded  by  every  loya 
trumpet  on  the  walls  of  Zion." — Congregational  Magazine. 

"  Known  and  prized  throughout  Europe  and  America,  the  works 
of  Dr.  Chalmers  have  taken  that  elevated  place  in  our  permaneni 
national  literature  which  must  always  command  for  them  the 
Btudy  and  admiration  of  every  person." 

"  As  specimens  of  sacred  eloquence,  sound  philosophy,  and  as 
impressive  exhibitions  of  evangelical  truth  and  duty,  his  works 
will  doubtless  be  read  as  long  as  the  English  language  is  under 
stood."— DR.  E.  WILLIAMS. 


CHA 

Chalmers,  William,  M.D.,  d.  1792.  Con.  to  Med. 
Com.,  1773. 

Chaloner,  Edward,  D.D.,  1590-1625,  educated  at 
yiagdalen  Hall,  Oxford,  became  chaplain  to  James  L,  and 
Principal  of  Alban  Hall.  Six  Sermons,  Lon.,  1623,  8vo. 
Sermon,  1624,  4to.  Six  Sermons,  Oxf.,  1629,  4to. 

"  Able  for  the  pulpit,  and  well  read  in  polemical  divinity,  as 
some  of  his  lucubrations  shew.  There  was  nothing  of  his  compo 
sition  so  mean,  which  the  greatest  person  did  not  value." — Athen. 
Oxon. 

Chaloner,  James,  d.  1661,  brother  of  the  preceding, 
was  educated  at  Brasenose  College,  Oxford.  Description 
of  the  Isle  of  Man,  printed  at  the  end  of  King's  Vale  Royal 
of  Cheshire,  Lon.,  1656,  fpl. 

Chaloner,  Thomas,  brother  of  the  preceding,  was 
educated  at  Exeter  College,  Oxford.  Political  Treatises 
relative  to  Charles  I.,  Lon.,  1646.  A  true  and  exact  Re 
lation  of  the  strange  finding  out  of  Moses  his  Tomb,  in  a 
Valley  near  unto  Mount  Nebo  in  Palestina,  &c.,  Lon., 
1657,  8vo. 

"This  book  at  its  first  appearance,  made  a  great  noise,  and 
pusled  the  Presbyterian  rabbies  for  a  time :  at  length  the  author 
thereof  being  known,  and  his  story  found  to  be  a  meer  sham,  the 
book  became  ridiculous." — Athcn.  Oxon. 

Chaloner,  Sir  Thomas,  1559-1615,  father  of  the 
three  preceding,  was  educated  at  Magdalen  College,  Ox 
ford.  He  was  a  great  favourite  with  King  James,  both 
before  and  after  Queen  Elizabeth's  death,  and  was  in 
trusted  with  the  education  of  Prince  Henry.  A  Short 
Discourse  of  the  most  rare  and  excellent  virtue  of  Nitre, 
Lon.,  1584,  4to. 

"  In  this  he  discovers  very  considerable  knowledge  of  chemistry 
and  mineralogy." 

Chaloner,  Sir  Thomas,  1515P-1565,  educated  at 
Cambridge,  father  of  the  preceding,  was  sent  by  Queen 
Elizabeth  as  ambassador  first  to  Germany,  and  subse 
quently  to  Spain.  He  was  distinguished  as  a  soldier,  a 
statesman,  and  an  author.  The  Office  of  Servants,  from 
the  Latin  of  Cognatus,  Lon.,  1543,  8vo.  Trans,  from  St. 
Chrysostom,  1544,  8vo.  Trans,  of  Moriaj  Encomium,  1549. 
In  Laudem  Henrici  Octavi,  &c.,  1560,  4to.  De  Republica 
Anglorum,  &c. ;  libri  decem ;  t.  e.  of  the  Reforming  or 
Restoring  [right  ordering]  of  the  English  Republic,  1579, 
4to  :  written  during  his  leisure  hours  during  his  Embassy 
to  Spain: 

"  At  a  time  when  he  spent  the  winter  in  a  stove,  and  the  sum 
mer  in  a  barn." — Preface  to  the  work. 

"  Written  in  learned  and  elegant  Latin  verse." — WOOD. 

De  Illustrium  quorundum  encomiis  Miscellanea,  cum 
Epigrammatibus  ac  Epitaphiis  nonnullis ;  printed  with  the 
above.  A  Little  Dictionary  for  Children. 

"The  most  lively  imagination,  the  most  solid  judgment,  the 
quickest  parts,  and  the  most  unblemished  probity,  which  are 
commonly  the  lot  of  different  men,  and  when  so  dispersed  fre 
quently  create  great  characters,  were,  which  very  rarely  happens, 
all  united  in  Sir  Thomas  Chaloner;  justly  therefore  reputed  one 
of  the  greatest  men  of  his  tune." — Biog.  Brit. ;  quoted  from  Sir 
William  Cecil's  Eulogium. 

Chamber,  John,  d.  1549.  A  Treatise  against  Ju 
dicial  Astrologie,  Lon.,  1601,  4to. 

"  Roughly  handled  by  Sir  Christ.  Heyden  in  his  Defence  of  Ju 
dicial  Astrology,  [Camb.,  1603,  4to."] 

Astronomige  Encomium,  Latin  and  English,  1601,  4to. 

Chamberlain,  David.  Counterfeit  Money,  and 
Trade,  Ac.,  1696,  4to. 

Chamberlain,  Chamberlen,  Chamberlayne, 
Hugh,  M.D.,  1664-1728,  known  as  the  inventor  of  an 
obstetric  forceps,  afterwards  improved  by  Smellie  and 
others,  was  educated  at  Trinity  College,  Cambridge.  His 
extensive  practice  enabled  him  to  amass  a  large  fortune. 
Midwife's  Practice,  Lon.,  1665,  8vo.  Practice  of  Physick, 
1664,  12mo.  Trans,  of  Mauricenus's  Midwifery,  1683. 
Manuale  Modicum,  1685,  12mo.  Queries  relative  to  the 
Practice  of  Physick,  1694,  12mo. 

Chamberlain,  John.    Blow  at  Infidelity,  1801,  8vo. 

Chamberlain,  John.  New  Testament  Church, 
Lon.,  18mo. 

"  A  vast  deal  of  useful  matter  in  a  small  compass."— Baptist 
Mag.,  1820. 

Chamberlain,  or  Chamberlin,  Mason.    Poems. 
1800-01,  8vo. 
Chamberlain,  or  Chamberlayne,  Robert,  b. 

1607.  Nocturnall  Lucubrations ;  Epigrams  and  Epitaphs, 
Lon.,  1638,  16mo.  Swaggering  Damsel,  a  Comedy,  1640, 
4  to.  A  Pastoral. 

Chamberlain,  Robert.    Arithmetical  Works,  1679. 

Chamberlain,  Thomas,  D.D.     Serm.,  1730,  8vo. 

Chamberlain,  Thomas.  A  Help  to  Knowledge, 
Lon.,  1839,  12mo.  The  Theory  of  Christian  Worship,  8vo. 

"  A  volume  of  by  no  means  ordinary  sermons." — Guardian. 

Selected  Letters,  12mo.    Windsor,  a  Poem,  12mo. 

363 


CHA 

Chamberlaine,   or    Chamberlayne,  Edward, 

1616-1703,  a  native  of  Gloucestershire,  was  educated  at 
Oxford.  The  Present  War  paralleled,  1647 ;  1660,  with 
title  slightly  altered.  England's  Wants,  1667.  Anglise 
Notitia,  or  the  Present  State  of  England,  <fec.,  1668,  8vo; 
many  edits. ;  the  first  20  of  which  were  pub.  by  Edward 
Chainberlaine,  and  the  rest  by  his  son.  Several  Theolog. 
and  Political  Works. 

Chamberlaine,  or  Chamberlain,  Henry.  His 
tory  and  Survey  of  London  and  Westminster,  Lon.,  1769, 
'70,  fol. 

"  An  inaccurate  publication." — LOWNDES. 

Chamberlaine,  Jas.    Sacred  Poem,  Lon.,  1680,  8vo. 

Chamberlaine,  or  Chamberlayne,  John,  d.  1723, 
son  of  EDWARD  CHAMBERLAINE,  (q.v.,)  was  educated  at  Trin. 
College,  Oxford,  and  distinguished  as  a  linguist.  He  con 
tinued  his  father's  Angliae  Notitia,  and  pub.  some  trans 
lations  and  other  works,  of  which  we  notice,  A  Treasure  of 
Health,  from  the  Italian,  Lon.,  1686,  8vo.  The  Religious 
Philosopher,  from  the  Dutch  of  Nieuwentyt,  1718,  3  vols. 
8vo;  and  Dissertations,  1723,  fol.  Of  the  Notitia,  which 
saw  30  to  40  edits.,  Mr.  McCulloch  remarks,  referring  to 
the  want  of  good  statistical  works  at  that  period, 

"  Its  statistical  information  is  meagre  in  the  extreme;  but, .  .  . 
till  the  present  century,  there  were  none  better  by  which  to  super 
sede  it."— Lit.  of  Polit.  Economy. 

Chamberlaine,  John.  Imitations  of  Original  Draw 
ings,  by  Hans  Holbein,  with  Biographical  Tracts  by  Ed 
mund  Lodge,  14  numbers  pub.  at  £37  16s.,  Lon.,  1792- 
1800,  2  vols.,  atlas  fol. 

"  The  biographical  tracts  are  derived  from  no  common  sources, 
and  exhibit  the  recondite  research  and  happiness  of  display  for 
•which  Mr.  Lodge  is  so  remarkable." — LOWXDES. 

Other  publications  of  Engravings,  1797,  fol. 

Chamberlaine,  Joseph.  Almanac,  Lon.,1631,12mo. 

Chamberlaine,  Nath.  Tractatus  de  Literis  et 
Lingua  Philosophica,  Dubl.,  1679,  4to. 

Chamberlaine,Richard.CompleteJustice,1681,8vo. 

Chamberlaine,  Richard.  Lithobolica:  Stone- 
throwing  Devil,  Lon.,  1698,  4to. 

Chamberlaine,  William,  Surgeon.  Professional 
Essays,  Lon.,  1784-1813.  Con.  to  Mem.  Med.,  1789-99. 

Chamberlayne,  Barth.     Sermons,  1613. 

Chamberlayne,  Israel,  D.  D.,  b.  1795,  N.  Y.  The 
Past  and  the  Future.  Australian  Captive,  &c.  Contributed 
extensively  to  various  Religious  and  Temperance  Journals. 

Chamberlayne,  Capt.  S.  E.  Court  Martial  on, 
1809. 

Chamberlayne,  or  Chamberlain,  or  Chamber- 
lane,  William,  1619-1689,  a  native  of  Dorsetshire,  was 
a  soldier,  physician,  and  poet.  Love's  Victory ;  a  Tragi- 
Comedy,  Lon.,  1658,  4to.  A  portion  of  this  appeared  on 
the  Stage  in  1678,  under  the  title  of  Wits  Led  by  the  Nose, 
or  a  Poet's  Revenge.  Pharronida  j  a  Heroick  Poem, 
1659,  8vo. 

"  This  Poem,  though  it  hath  nothing  extraordinary  to  recom 
mend  it,  yet  appeared  abroad  in  Prose,  1683,  under  the  Title  of  a 
Novel  called  Eromena,  or  The  Noble  Stranger." — Langbaint 's 
Dram.  Poets. 

"  Never,  perhaps,  was  so  much  beautiful  design  in  poetry  marred 
by  infelicity  of  execution :  his  ruggedness  of  versification,  abrupt 
transitions,  and  a  style  that  is  at  once  slovenly  and  quaint,  per 
petually  interrupt  us  in  enjoying  the  splendid  figures  and  spirited 
passions  of  this  romantic  tablet,  and  makes  us  catch  them  only  by 
glimpses."— CAM  PBELL. 

Mr.  Campbell  exhumed  this  poet  for  a  season,  but  he 
seems  to  be  again  "  quietly  inurned." 

"  A  poet  who  has  told  an  interesting  story  in  uncouth  rhymes, 
and  mingles  sublimity  of  thought  and  beauty  of  expression  with 
the  quaintest  conceits  and  most  awkward  inversions." — SOUTHEY  : 
note  to  Joan  of  Arc;  and  see  Cens.  Lit.;  and  Retrosp.  Rev. 

Chamberlen,  Hugh,  M.Di  Papers  relating  to  a 
Bank  of  Credit  upon  Land  Security,  1693,  4to.  The  Con 
stitution  of  the  Office  of  Land  Credit  declared  in  a  Deed 
by  H.  C.  and  others,  Lon.,  1698,  12mo.  See  McCulloch's 
Lit  of  Polit.  Economy,  p.  160.  A  Few  Proposals  relative  to 
Land  Credit,  Edin.,  1700,  4to.  Petition  and  Proposals,  fol. 
Chamberlen,  Paul,  M.D.  A  Philosophical  Essay 
on  the  celebrated  Anodyne  Necklace,  Lon.,  1717  4to 

Chamberlen,  Paul.  History  of  the  Reign  of  Queen 
Anne,  Lon.,  1738.  Hist,  and  Antiq.  of  the  Ancient  Egyp 
tians,  Babylonians,  Romans,  Assyrians,  Medes,  Persians, 
Grecians,  and  Carthagenians,  1738,  fol. 

Chamberlen,  often  spelt  CHAMBERLAIN,  CHAMBER 
LAINE,  CHAMBERLANE,  and  CHAMBERLAYNE;  all  of  which 
refer  to. 

Chamberlon,  Peter,  M.D.  Theolog.  and  political 
works,  1648-62,  Ac. 

Chambers,  C.  H.     Legal  Treatises,  Lon.,  1819,  '23. 
See  CHAMBERS,  Sia  ROBERT. 
364 


CHA 

Chambers,  Charles.     Account  of  the  Earthquake  at 
Madeira,  Phil.  Trans.,  1755. 
Chambers,  Chambre,  or  Chalmers,  David,  a 

Scottish  historian,  judge,  and  lawyer,  1530-1592,  was  a 
native  of  Ross,  and  educated  in  the  University  of  Aberdeen, 
and  at  Bologna.  He  travelled  on  the  Continent  for  some 
time,  and  returning  home  in  1556,  took  holy  orders,  and 
was  presented  to  the  parish  of  Suddie,  of  which  he  was 
made  Chancellor.  He  was  an  adherent  of  Queen  Mary, 
who  in  1564  created  him  a  Lord  of  Session  by  the  title  of 
Lord  Ormond.  He  left  home  when  no  longer  able  to  serve 
the  failing  cause  of  his  queen,  and  died  at  Paris.  He  as 
sisted  in  the  compilation  of  the  Scottish  Act  of  Parliament, 
(Black  Acts,  1566,)  and  was  employed  in  digesting  the 
Laws  of  Scotland.  Histoire  Abregee  de  tons  les  Roys  de 
France,  Angleterre,  et  Ecosse,  &c.,  Paris,  1579,  8vo. 

"  The  affairs  of  his  own  country  are  his  chief  subject,  and  what 
he  had  principally  in  view :  and  he  pretends  to  give  the  marrow 
of  whatever  had  been  offered  to  the  world  by  Veremund,  the  Black 
Book  of  Scone,  the  old  Chronicles  of  Icolnkil,  &c.  Whereas,  in 
truth.  Boethius  is  his  main  author;  and  the  rest  are  only  orna 
ments  of  his  preface." — BISHOP  NICOLSON  :  Scottish  Hist.  Library. 

La  recherche  des  Singularites  plus  Remarkables  concern- 
ant  le  Estat  d'Ecosse.  Discours  de  la  legitime  Succession 
des  Femmes  aux  Possession  de  leur  Parens,  et  du  Gouvern- 
ment  des  Princesses  aux  Empires  et  Royaumes.  All  pub. 
at  Paris,  1579,  8vo.  Inter  scriptores,  16  a  Jebb,  Lon.,  1705, 
torn.  i.  p.  1. 

He  tells  us  that  the  work  upon  the  Succession  of  Women 
to  the  Inheritance  of  their  Parents  was  written  in  defence 
of  his  Royal  Mistress,  Queen  Mary.  Dempster  commends 
him  highly  : 

"  Sive  Camerarius  Abredonensis,  in  Galliae  celebri  admodum  no 
mine  vixit;  vir  multa  et  vari.-ie  lectionis,  nee  inainoeini  ingenii." — 
Vide  Mackenzie's  Writers  of  t/ie  Scots  Nation;  and  Vitus  in  his  Hist. 
Brit. 

"  It  appears  from  his  "Works  that  he  was  a  Man  of  great  Reading, 
a  good  Divine,  an  eminent  Lawyer,  a. judicious  Historian,  a  loyal 
Subject,  and  well  seen  in  theGreek,  Latin,  English,  French.  Italian, 
and  Spanish  Languages;  but  especially,  it  is  much  to  be  admired, 
that  he  attained  to  such  Perfection  in" the  French  Language,  that 
he  made  Choice  of  it  to  write  all  his  Works  in." — MACKENZIE,  vbi 
supra. 

Chambers,  Ephraim,  d.  1740,  author  of  the  well- 
known  scientific  Dictionary  which  bears  his  name,  was  a 
native  of  Kendal,  Westmoreland.  He  was  placed  with  Mr. 
Senex,  a  globe-maker,  as  apprentice,  and  was  encouraged 
by  his  master  in  his  taste  for  scientific  investigation.  After 
quitting  Mr.  Senex,  he  took  chambers  at  Gray's  Inn,  (his 
principal  residence  for  the  rest  of  his  life,)  and  assiduously 
devoted  himself  to  the  preparation  of  his  Dictionary,  the 
first  edition  of  which  appeared  in  1728,  2  vols.  fol.,  pub.  by 
a  subscription  of  four  guineas,  with  a  large  list  of  subscri 
bers.  The  value  of  Mr.  Chambers's  labours  was  handsomely 
acknowledged,  Nov.  6,  1729,  by  his  being  elected  F.R.S. 
A  second  edition,  with  corrections  and  additions,  was  pub. 
in  1738.  Mr.  C.  had  projected  a  new  work,  rather  than  a 
new  edition,  and  more  than  twenty  sheets  on  this  plan  were 
printed,  with  the  design  of  publishing  a  volume  yearly  until 
the  completion  of  the  whole.  But  this  plan  was  abandoned 
in  consequence  of  an  Act  then  agitated  in  Parliament, 
which  contained  a  clause  obliging  the  publishers  of  all  im 
proved  editions  of  books  to  print  their  improvements  sepa 
rately.  This  Bill  passed  the  Commons,  but  was  negatived 
in  the  House  of  Lords.  In  1739  a  third  edition  was  called 
for,  a  fourth  in  1741,  and  a  fifth  in  1746.  After  the  edition 
of  1746  the  work  was  greatly  enlarged ;  first  by  Mr.  Scott 
and  Dr.  Hill,  afterwards  by  Dr.  Rees,  Lon.,  1781-86,  4  vols. 
fol.,  £11,  or  418  numbers  at  6d.  each.  In  this  edition  the 
Supplement,  which  was  pub.  Lon.,  1755,  2  vols.  fol.,  and 
modern  improvements,  were  incorporated  in  one  alphabet 
Dr.  Rees's  New  Cyclopedic,  1803-19,  85  parts,  45  vols.  4to, 
is  an  invaluable  treasury  of  scientific  knowledge. 

Mr.  Chambers  was  also  concerned  in  the  Literary  Maga 
zine,  begun  in  1735,  and  in  a  trans,  and  abridgment  of  The 
Philosophical  History  and  Memoirs  of  the  Royal  Academy 
of  Sciences  at  Paris,  <fcc.,  1742,  5  vols.  8vo.  The  following 
remarks  in  connexion  with  Mr.  Chambers's  great  work  are 
not  without  interest: 

"  While  the  second  edition  of  Chambers's  Cyclopaedia,  the  pride 
of  Booksellers,  and  the  honour  of  the  English  Nation,  was  in  the 
press,  I  went  to  the  author,  and  begged  leave  to  add  a  single  sylla 
ble  to  his  magnificent  work :  and  that  for  Cyclopaedia,  he  would 
write  .Encyclopaedia.  To  talk  to  the  writer  of  a  Dictionary,  is  like 
talking  to  the  writer  of  a  Magazine ;  every  thing  adds  to  his  parcel, 
[we  quote  this  feelingly!]  and,  instead  of  contributing  one  sylla 
ble,  I  was  the  occasion  of  a  considerable  paragraph.  I  told  him 
that  the  addition  of  the  preposition  en  made  the  meaning  of  the 
word  more  precise;  that  Cyclopaedia  might  denote  the  instruction 
of  a  circle,  as  Cyropaedia  is  the  instruction  of  Cyrus,  the  ou  in  com 
position,  being  twined  in  o;  but  that,  if  he  wrote  Encyclopaedia, 
it  determined  it  to  be  from  the  dative  of  Cyclus,  instruction  in  a 


CHA 

circle.  I  urged,  secondly,  that  Vossius  had  observed  in  his  hook 
df,  Vitiis  Sennanis,  that '  Cyclopedia  was  used  hy  some  authors,  but 
Encvclopo-dia  by  the  best.'  This  deserved  some  regard,  and  he 
paid  to  it  the  best  he  could :  he  made  an  article  of  his  title  to  jus 
tify  it."— W.  BOWYER:  Nichols's  Literary  Anecdotes,  v.  660. 

Bowyer  at  one  time  entertained  the  idea  so  happily  car 
ried  out  subsequently  by  Dr.  Rees— of  an  enlargement  and 
improvement  of  the  Cyclopaedia — we  beg  his  pardon — .En 
cyclopaedia.  Mr.  Clarke  thus  refers  to  it : 

"  Your  project  of  improving  and  correcting  Chambers  is  a  very 
good  one;  but,  alas!  who  can  execute  it?  You  should  have  as 
many  undertakers  as  professions ;  nay,  perhaps,  as  many  Antiqua 
ries  as  there  are  different  branches  of  antient  learning."— Nichols's 
Lit.  Anec. :  ubi  supra. 

Chambers,  Geo.    Treat,  against  Judicial  Astrology. 

Chambers,  Humphrey.  Serins.,  Ac.,  Lon.,  1643-55. 

Chambers,  J.     Harmony  of  the  Gospels,  1813,  Syo. 

Chambers,  J.  D.  Legal  compilations  and  Treatises, 
Lon.,  1832-42. 

Chambers,  John.      History  of  Malvern,  Worcest., 

1818,  8vo.     Biographical  Illustrations  of  Worcestershire, 

1819,  Svo. 

Chambers,  Mariana.  He  Deceives  Himself;  a  Do 
mestic  Tale,  1799,  3  vols.  12mo.  The  School  for  Friends; 
Com.,  1804,  Svo.  Ourselves;  Com.,  1811,  Svo. 

Chambers,  Peter.  They  must  needs  go  that  the 
Devil  drives;  or,  a  Whip  for  Traitors,  Lon.,  1652,  4to. 

Chambers,  Richard.  Petition  to  Parliament,  Lon., 
1646,  fol. 

Chambers,  Richard.  Introduction  to  Arithmetic, 
1809,  Svo. 

Chambers,  Robert,  first  confessor  to  the  English 
Benedictine  Nuns  at  Brussels.  Miracles  lately  wrought  by 
the  Intercession  of  the  Virgin  Mary  at  Mont-aigu,  Antw., 
1606,  Svo;  a  trans,  from  the  French.  Serms.,Lon.,1620,4to. 

Chambers,  Robert.  See  WILLIAM  and  ROBERT 
CHAMBERS.  » 

Chambers,  Sir  Robert,  1737-1803,  Chief  Justice  of 
the  Supreme  Court  of  Judicature  in  Bengal,  a  native  of 
Newcastle-on-Tyne,  was  educated  at  the  University  of  Ox 
ford,  and  became  a  Fellow  of  University  College.  In  1762 
he  succeeded  Sir  William  Blackstone  as  Vinerian  Professor 
of  the  Laws  of  England,  and  filled  the  duties  of  this  re 
sponsible  position  until  1774,  when  he  sailed  for  India, 
where  he  remained  for  twenty-five  years,  returning  to  Eng 
land  in  1799.  A  selection  from  his  lectures  delivered  at 
Oxford  was  pub.  in  1824,  Svo,  (edited  by  C.  H.  Chambers,) 
entitled  A  Treatise  on  Estates  and  Tenures. 

Chambers,  Sabin.  The  Garden  of  the  Virgin  Mary, 
St.  Om.,  1519,  Svo. 

Chambers,  T.  and  G.  Tattersall.  Laws  relative 
to  Buildings,  &c.,  with  a  Glossary,  Lon.,  1845, 12mo.  Me 
tropolitan  Building  Act,  7  and  8  Viet.,  c.  84,  1845,  12mo. 
Mr.  C.  -and  A.  T.  T.  Peterson  have  pub.  a  Treatise  on  the 
Law  of  Railway  Companies,  1848,  Svo. 

Chambers,  William,  D.D.  Scoticanae  Ecclesise  In- 
fantia  virilis  uEtas  Senectus,  Paris,  1643,  4to. 

Chambers,  William  and  Robert,  born  at  Peebles, 
Scotland,  the  first  about  1800,  the  second  about  1802,  are  not 
only  distinguished  as  eminent  public  benefactors  by  their 
wide-spread  distribution  of  valuable  knowledge,  but  also 
occupy  a  highly  respectable  position  in  the  ranks  of  authors. 
Mr.  Robert  Chambers's  first  work,  The  Traditions  of  Edin 
burgh,  was  pub.  in  1824,  and  met  with  immediate  and  de 
served  success.  In  1826  he  pub.  The  Popular  Rhymes  of 
Scotland;  in  the  following  year  his  Picture  of  Scotland; 
and  shortly  afterwards  three  volumes  of  histories  of  the 
Scottish  Rebellions,  two  of  a  Life  of  James  I.,  and  three 
volumes  of  Scottish  Ballads  and  Songs.  His  Biographical 
Dictionary  of  Eminent  Scotsmen,  in  4  volumes,  was  com 
menced  in  1832  and  concluded  in  1835.  This  work  elicited 
warm  commendation,  and  added  to  the  reputation  of  the 
intelligent  author.  (Revised  ed.,  1855,  5  vols.  Svo.  The 
5th  vol.  is  by  the  Rev.  Thomas  Thomson.) 

"There  is  not  a  page  in  the  volume  that  can  be  pronounced  un 
worthy  of  the  undertaking ;  which  will  form  a  STANDARD  WORK  in 
the  LITERATURE  OF  SCOTLAND,  and  a  book  of  reference  in  every  li 
brary  throughout  the  British  dominions." — New  Monthly  Mag. 

"  No  Scotsman  who  has  any  reverence  for  the  great  names  that 
have  done  honour  to  Scotland,  should  be  without  this  work,  if  he 
can  at  all  afford  to  purchase  it." — Glasgow  Free  Press. 

"It  is  a  standard  work,  and  honourable  to  every  library  in 
which  it  may  find  a  place." — Metropolitan  Mag. 

"  The  biographical  sketches  are  executed  in  the  author's  happiesl 
manner, — characterized  by  that  unfailing  tone  of  kindness  and 
good-humour  which  is  the  finest  trait  both  in  his  character  and 
writings.  .  .  .  His  materials  are,  we  know,  abundant ;  consisting 
not  only  of  collections  which  h«  had  for  years  been  silently  mak 
ing,  but  also  of  those  which  his  publishers,  unaware  of  his  inten 
tions,  had  accumulated  for  a  similar  work."— Edinburgh  Literary 
Journal. 


CHA 

In  1830  Mr.  William  Chambers  gave  to  the  world  The 
Book  of  Scotland,  a  general  description  of  the  customs, 
laws,  and  institutions  of  that  part  of  the  United  Kingdom. 
In  1833  the  brothers  published  a  work,  the  result  of  their 
joint  labours— A  Gazetteer  of  Scotland.  In  1832  William 
projected  the  Edinburgh  (Weekly)  Journal,  which  imme 
diately  obtained  a  circulation  of  50,000,  and  by  1844, 
when  the  folio  was  exchanged  for  the  octavo  form,  90,000 
copies  were  required  to  supply  the  demand.  Complete 
sets  of  this  valuable  periodical  sometimes  occur  for  sale, 
and  should  be  procured  for  the  library  as  a  valuable  repo 
sitory  of  instructive  and  entertaining  literature.  The 
success  of  this  Journal  induced  the  brothers  to  enter  into 
partnership.  The  results  of  this  union  are  seen  in  The 
People's  edition  of  Standard  English  Authors,  the  Educa 
tional  Course,  Chambers's  Miscellany,  Tracts,  Papers  for 
the  People,  Ac.  (See  Men  of  the  Time,  Lon.,  1853,  to 
which  we  are  indebted  for  many  of  the  above  facts.)  The 
Select  Writings  of  Robert  Chambers  have  been  pub.  in  7 
vols.,  the  first  four  of  which  contain  his  Essays.  In 
1844  Mr.  Robert  Chambers  pub.  a  work  which  claims  a 
far  higher  rank  than  any  preceding  compilation  of  the 
same  character.  This  was  A  Cyclopaedia  of  English  Lite 
rature;  A  Critical  and  Biographical  History  of  English 
Writers  in  all  departments  of  Literature,  illustrated  by 
Specimens  of  their  Writings,  2  vols.  r.  imp.  8vo.  It  is 
difficult  to  speak  too  highly  of  the  merits  of  this  compre 
hensive  and  judicious  work.  No  less  than  832  authors 
are  noticed,  and  the  specimens  presented  of  some  of  the 
choicest  treasures  of  English  lore  enable  the  reader  to  im 
prove  his  literary  taste  while  he  augments  his  biographical 
knowledge.  Researches  of  a  similar  character  may  per 
haps  entitle  us  to  give  an  opinion  in  the  premises,  and  we 
add  our  testimony  to  the  value  of  this  excellent  work,  and 
commend  it  to  the  attention  of  every  one  who  desires  an 
introduction  to  the  English  classics.  It  is  well  worth  four 
times  the  trifle  which  will  place  it  in  the  reader's  posses 
sion.  In  a  few  years  after  its  appearance,  130,000  copies 
were  sold  in  England ;  and  there  has  been  a  large  sale  of 
the  American  reprint.  New  ed.,  with  additions,  1858. 

"  From  what  I  know  of  the  literary  reputation  and  writings  of 
Mr.  Robert  Chambers,  I  should  be  disappointed  if  he  were  not 
qualified  for  the  task.  .  .  .  The  work  will  put  the  reader  in  the 
proper  point  of  view  for  surveying  the  whole  ground  over  which 
he  is  travelling." — WILIJAM  II.  PRESCOTT. 

Information  for  the  People,  2  vols.  r.  imp.  Svo.  Also 
Amer.  ed.  Nearly  200,000  copies  of  this  work  have  been 
sold  in  Europe  and  America.  Life  and  Works  of  Burns. 
Domestic  Annals  of  Scotland,  1858,  2  vols.  demy  Svo. 
William  Chambers  is  the  author  of  A  Tour  in  Holland  in 
1838;  Things  as  They  Are  in  America;  Peebles  and  its 
Neighbourhood ;  Improved  Dwelling-Houses  for  the  Hum 
bler  and  Other  Classes  in  Cities;  American  Slavery,  &o. 

We  beg  to  add  upon  our  own  account,  that  no  father  of 
a  family,  or  director  of  a  Library  Company,  should  be 
satisfied  until  the  whole  of  the  Messrs.  Chambers's  publi- 
ations  are  procured.  We  commend  to  the  attention  of 
the  reader  an  excellent  article  in  the  Dublin  University 
Magazine,  entitled  WILLIAM  AND  ROBERT  CHAMBERS,  in 
which  the  interesting  history  of  the  brothers  is  sketched 
with  a  graphic  pencil.  They  are  well  described  as 

"  Both  of  them  men  of  remarkable  native  power,  both  of  them 
trained  to  habits  of  business  and  punctuality,  both  of  them  up 
held  in  all  their  dealings  by  strict  prudence  and  conscientiousness, 
and  both  of  them  practised,  according  to  their  different  aims  and 
tendencies,  in  literary  labour." 

"  Much  of  Robert  Chambers's  leisure  time  has  been  devoted  to 
scientific  pursuits,  and  especially  to  geology,— the  result  of  which 
has  been  given  to  the  public  in  a  handsomely-illustrated  volume, 
entitled  Ancient  Sea-Margins  as  illustrative  of  Changes  of  the 
Relative  Level  of  Sea  and  Land." 

It  was  a  noble  resolve  announced  by  William  Chambers 
in  the  opening  address  of  the  Edinburgh  Journal: 

';I  see  the  straight  path  of  moral  responsibility  before  me,  and 
shall,  by  the  blessing  of  God,  adhere  to  the  line  of  rectitude  and 
duty." 

Chambers,  Sir  William,  1726-1796,  an  eminent 
architect,  of  Scottish  parentage — of  the  family  of  CHAL 
MERS,  of  Scotland,  Barons  of  Tartas  in  France — was 
born  at  Stockholm,  but  sent  to  England  when  two  years 
of  age.  He  pub.  two  volumes  of  Designs,  <fcc.,  1757,  '63, 
fol.;  a  Dissertation  on  Oriental  Gardening,  1774,  4to;  and 
a  Treatise  on  Civil  Architecture,  1759,  fol.;  4th  edit., 
edited  by  Joseph  Gwilt,  1825,  2  vols.  imp.  Svo.  Mr.  Pap- 
worth  also  has  edited  this  work. 

"  The  most  sensible  book,  and  the  most  exempt  from  prejudices, 
that  ever  was  written  upon  that  science."— HORACE  WALPOLE. 

The  Heroic  Epistle  to  Sir  William  Chambers,  attributed 
to  Mason,  excited  much  attention  at  the  time  of  its  publi 
cation. 


CHA 


CIIA 


Chambre,  Richard.    Sermons,  1710,  '11. 

Chambre,  Rowland.     Sermon,  1759,  4to. 

Chambre,  Willelmus  de.  Historia  de  Episcopis 
Dunelmensis,  ab  anno  1333  ad  annum  1559,  cum  notis 
Hen.  Wharton.  Vide  Wharton's  Anglia  Sacra,  (i.  689,) 
Lon.,  1691,  2  vols.  fol. 

Chambres,  Charles.     Sermons,  1715,  '22,  '29,  '33. 

Chamier,  Frederick,  Captain,  R.N.,  b.  at  London 
in  1796,  has  written  a  number  of  very  popular  works, 
which  have  been  complimented  by  a  translation  into  Ger 
man.  The  Life  of  a  Sailor,  1834.  Ben  Brace,  1835.  The 
Arethusa,  1836.  Jack  Adams,  1838.  Tom  Bowline,  1839. 

"  One  of  the  most  characteristic,  spirited,  and  entertaining  illus 
trations  of  sea  life  that  our  recent  literature  has  furnished." — 
Naval  and  Military  Gazette. 

"  The  Naval  Sketches  of  Chamier  are  truths  touched  slightly  by 
the  fingers  of  fiction." — ALLAN  CUNNINGHAM. 

Trevor  Hastings,  1841.  Passion  and  Principle,  1843. 
Other  works.  Captain  Chamier  was  in  Paris  during  the 
Revolution  of  1848,  and  pub.  a  Review  of  the  scenes  wit 
nessed  by  him,  in  2  vols.  8vo. 

"  A  graphic,  most  exciting  sketch,  overflowing  with  incident 
and  anecdote." — Lon.  Atlas. 

"  Much  as  we  have  heard  about  the  French  Revolution,  this 
dashing  account  from  the  pen  of  an  eye-witness  of  no  common 
talent  or  powers  of  description,  will  gratify  no  small  share  of  pub 
lic  curiosity." — Lon.  Literary  Gazette. 

Chamier,  John.     Weather  at  Madras,  1787-88. 

Champney,  Anthony.  Vocation  of  Bishops,  Douay, 
1616,  4to. 

Champion,  Anthony,  1724-25-1801,  educated  at 
St.  Mary  Hall,  Oxford,  served  in  two  Parliaments,  1754 
and  1761.  A  collection  of  his  Miscellanies  in  Prose  and 
Verse,  English  and  Latin,  was  pub.  by  his  friend  William 
Henry,  Lord  Lyttleton,  in  1801,  8vo. 

"  From  his  Miscellanies  it  is  discernible  that  he  was  a  polite 
scholar,  and  had  many  qualities  of  a  poet,  but  not  unmixed  with 
a  love  for  those  disgusting  images  in  which  Swift  delighted." 

Champion,  J.  The  Progress  of  Freedom ;  a  Poem, 
Lon.,  1776,  4to.  Poems  imitated  from  the  Persian,  1787, 
4to.  The  Poems  of  Ferdosi;  trans,  from  the  Persian, 
1788,  4to ;  1799. 

"Ferdosi  is  the  Homer,  and  the  Shah  Nameh  the  Iliad,  of 
Persia." 

Champion,  Joseph,  b.  1709,  at  Chatham,  was  a 
celebrated  penman.  He  pub.  a  number  of  manuals  upon 
penmanship,  1733-60. 

Champion,  Richard.  Reflections  on  G.  Britain, 
1787,  8vo ;  its  political,  commercial,  and  civil  state. 

Champlin,  James  Tift,  b.  1811,  in  Connecticut. 
Grad.  Brown  Univ.  1834;  Prof.  Languages  Waterville 
Coll. ;  a  distinguished  classical  scholar.  English  Gram 
mar.  Greek  Grammar.  Translated  and  remodelled 
Kiihner's  Latin  Grammar;  Kuhner's  Latin  Exercises. 
Editor  of  Demosthenes  on  the  Crown ;  J3schines  on  the 
Crown;  Popular  Orations  of  Demosthenes.  Review  of 
G rote's  Greece,  Ac. 

Champney,  or  Champneis,  John.  The  Harvest, 
Ac.,  1548,  4to  ;  a  religious  work. 

Champney,  T.  Medical  and  Chirurgical  Reform, 
1797,  8vo. 

Chance,  Henry.  A  Treatise  on  Powers,  Lon.,  1831, 
2  vols.  8vo.  Suppl.,  bringing  the  Enactments  and  Cases 
down  to  1841 ;  1841,  8vo. 

"  It  is  profound,  learned,  and  practical,  more  full  than  Sir  E. 
Sugden's  work  upon  the  same  subject;  and,  perhaps,  in  some  in 
stances,  unnecessarily  diffuse."— Marvin's  Legal  Bibl. 

Chancel,  A.  D.  Journey  over  Europe,  Lon.,  1714, 8vo. 

Chancy,  Charles.     His  Retraction,  Lon.,  1641,  4to. 

Chandler.  Debates  H.  of  Lords,  1660-1741,  Lon.,1752, 
8  vols.;  in  H.  of  Commons,  1660-1741;  1752,  14  vols. 

Chandler,  B.,  M.D.     Med.  Essays,  1767,  '84,  8vo. 

Chandler,  Benjamin.  1.  Essay.  2.  Apology,  1714, 
2  vols.  8vo. 

Chandler,  Caroline  H.,  a  native  of  Philadelphia, 
formerly  Miss  Hieskill,  has  contributed  some  poetical  pieces 
to  the  periodicals. 

"They  evince  a  warm  and  impassioned  temperament,  ardent 
feelings,  and  great  poetic  sensibility."— Mrs.  Hates  Woman's Record. 

Chandler,  Edward,  D.D.,  d.  1750;  educated  at 
Emanuel  College,  Cambridge;  Bishop  of  Lichfield,  1717; 

n  «  M  G  ?,"'  nu  Sermons  pub"  8ePft™tely,  1707,  '10,  '15 
'16,  '18,  24 ;  a  Charge,  Ac.  Defence  of  Christianity,  from 
the  Prophecies  of  the  Old  and  New  Testament ;  wherein 
are  considered  all  the  objections  against  this  kind  of  proof 
advanced  in  a  late  Discourse  on  the  grounds  and  reasons 
of  the  Christian  Religion,  [by  Anthony  Collins,!  Lon 
1725,  8vo. 

"  A  very  elaborate  and  learned  work,  executed  with  great  judg 
ment." — DR.  LELAND. 
366 


A  Vindication  of  the  above  work,  1728,  2  vols.  12mo. 

Chandler,  Elizabeth  M.,  1807-1834,  a  native  of 
Delaware.  Poetical  Works  and  Essays,  with  a  Memoir  of 
tier  Life  and  Character,  Philadelphia,  1836.  Many  of  Miss 
""  's  Essays  are  of  a  philanthropic  character. 

Chandler,  Ellen  Louise,  b.  1835,  a  native  of  Pom- 
Tet,  Connecticut,  commenced  contributing  to  periodicals 
when  only  fifteen  years  of  age.  Her  first  volume,  This, 
That,  and  the  Other,  was  pub.  in  May,  1854,  and  a  2d  edi- 
ion  followed  in  the  ensuing  August.  See  Hart's  Female 
Prose  Writers  of  America. 

Chandler,  George,  Surgeon.  Treatise  on  a  Cataract, 
Lon.,  1755,  8vo.  Treat,  on  Diseases  of  the  Eye,  1780,  Svo. 

Chandler,  George,  LL.D.,  of  Southam.  Eight  Ser 
mons  at  the  Bampton  Lecture,  1825,  Oxf.,  1825. 

Chandler,  Henry.     Sermons,  1699,  1718,  Svo. 

Chandler,  John.    Proceeds,  agst.  Quakers,  1662,  4to. 

Chandler,  John.     The  Small-Pox,  Lon.,  1729,  Svo. 

Chandler,  John.     A  Treatise  on  a  Cold,  1761,  8vo. 

Chandler,  John.     Coasting  Directions,  1778,  4to. 

Chandler,  John.     Sir  Herbert;  a  Ballad,  1800,  Svo. 

Chandler,  John.     Hymns  and  Sermon,  1837,  '39. 

Chandler,  Joseph  R.,  b.  1792,  Kingston,  Plymouth 
co.,  Mass.,  for  many  years  a  resident  of  Philadelphia,  and 
formerly  its  representative  in  the  National  Congress,  is  a 
writer  of  no  ordinary  merit.  As  editor  of  the  United  States 
Gazette,  he  wrote  many  miscellaneous  essays,  which  elicited 
general  admiration.  1.  A  Grammar  of  the  English  Lan 
guage,  Phila.,  1821,  12mo,  pp.  180;  revised  ed.,  1847, 
12mo,  pp.  208.  2.  Address  before  the  Pennsylvania  Peace 
Society,  1829,  8vo.  3.  Masonic  Discourses,  1844,  Svo: 
delivered  whilst  Grand-Master  of  Pennsylvania.  4.  Ora 
tion  before  the  Society  of  the  Sons  of  New  England  in 
1845,  Svo,  1846.  5.  Address  before  the  Franklin  Insti 
tute,  [Phila.,]  1847,  Svo.  6.  Address  at  the  Girard  Col 
lege  in  1848.  7.  Social  Duties:  an  Address  before  the 
"Girard  Brotherhood"  of  the  Girard  College,  1855,  Svo. 
8.  Fourth  Celebration  of  the  Landing  of  the  Pilgrims  of 
Maryland:  an  Oration,  1855,  Svo.  Also,  Speeches  de 
livered  in  Congress,  pub.  separately. 

Chandler,  Mary,  1687-1745,  a  native  of  Wiltshire, 
resided  at  Bath.  Poems,  Svo ;  several  edits. 

"  Mr.  Pope  visited  her  at  Bath,  and  complimented  her  for  her 
poem  on  that  place.  .  .  .  Mrs.  Howe  was  one  of  her  particular 
friends." 

Chandler,  Mary  G.  The  Elements  of  Character,  16mo. 

Chandler,  Peleg  VV.  The  Bankrupt  Law  of  the 
United  States,  Bost.,  1842,  12mo.  American  Criminal 
Trials,  Bost.,  1844,  2  vols.  12mo. 

Chandler,  Richard,  D.D.,  1738-1810,  a  native  of 
Hampshire,  entered  of  Queen's  College,  Oxford,  in  1755, 
was  sent  by  the  Dilettanti  Society  in  1764  to  travel  in  Asia 
Minor  and  Greece,  in  company  with  Revett,  the  architect, 
and  Pars,  the  painter.  They  returned  to  England  in  1766. 
The  results  of  their  investigations  were  given  to  the  world 
by  the  Society  in  1769,  fol. ;  vol.  ii.,  edited  by  the  Society, 
1797,  fol.,  100  plates  and  vignettes.  In  1774,  fol.,  was 

Sub.  Inscriptiones  Antiquae,  f  c.,  which  should  accompany 
niter's  work.     Travels  in  Asia  Minor,  1775,  4to;  and  in 
Greece,  1776,  4to,  and  in  1817,  2  vols.  4to;  and  (with  a 
Life  of  Dr.  C.)  by  Rev.  R.  Churton,  1835,  2  vols.  Svo;  in 
French,  Paris,  1806. 

"  These  are  valuable  travels  to  the  antiquarian.  The  author, 
guided  by  Pausanias  (as  respects  Greece,  Strabo  for  that  country 
and  Asia  Minor,)  and  Pliny,  has  described  with  wonderful  accuracy 
and  perspicuity  the  ruins  of  the  cities  of  Asia  Minor,  its  temples, 
theatres,  &c." — Stevenson's  Hist.  Sketch  of  Discovery,  N.  and  C. 

History  of  Illiurn  or  Troy,  1802,  4to.  In  1763  he  edited 
the  Marmora  Oxoniensia,  Oxf.,  fol. ;  and  left  in  MS.  a  Life 
of  William  Waynflete,  which  was  pub.  in  1811,  Svo. 

Chandler,Samuel.  Theolog.  Discourses,&c.,1691,'99. 

Chandler,  Samuel,  D.D.,  1693-1756,  an  eminent 
Dissenting  minister,  a  native  of  Berkshire,  was  educated 
at  an  academy  at  Tewkesbury,  and  completed  his  studies 
at  Leyden.  In  1716  he  took  charge  of  a  Presbyterian 
congregation  at  Peckham.  Having  lost  his  fortune,  he 
opened  a  book-store  in  London,  still  discharging  his  minis 
terial  duties.  He  was  highly  esteemed  through  life  for  his 
learning  and  piety.  Of  his  many  publications,  1722-77, 
we  notice  the  following:  A  Vindication  of  the  Christian 
Religion;  in  two  parts,  Lon.,  1728,  Svo.  The  first  part 
contains  a  Discourse  on  Miracles,  the  2d  an  answer  to 
Tindal's  Discourse  on  the  Grounds  and  Reasons  of  the 
Christian  Religion.  Plain  Reasons  for  being  a  Christian, 
1730,  Svo.  A  Paraphrase  and  Crit.  Comment,  on  Joel, 
1735.  4to.  »£$i* 

"  The  criticism  is  not  of -a  high  order,  and  many  important  diffi 
culties  in  Joel  remain  untouched." — ORME. 

"Critical  and  illustrative."— BICKERSTETH. 


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Dr.  C.  projected  a  commentary  upon  each  of  the  pro 
phetical  books.  A  Vindication  of  the  Hist,  of  the  Old  Testa 
ment,  1741,  8vo.  This  was  an  answer  to  Morgan's  Moral 
Philosopher.  A  Critical  History  of  the  Life  of  David, 
1766,  2  vols.  8vo.  (The  Review  of  the  History  of  the  Man 
after  God's  own  Heart  was  pub.  in  1762.) 

"This  very  learned  and  valuable  work  contains  a  successful 
vindication  of  many  parts  of  David's  conduct  to  which  exceptions 
have  been  taken  by  skeptics  and  unbelievers.  It  throws  great 
light  also  upon  many  of  the  Psalms,  not  a  few  of  which  are  here 
presented  to  the  reader  in  a  new  and  improved  translation." — DR. 
E.  WILLIAMS. 

"Chandler's  Life  of  David  is  more  critical  and  sober  in  judgment 
than  Ddauy's ;  but  the  latter  has  finer  thoughts  and  more  taste. 
Chandler  too  much  palliates  David's  crimes." — BICKERSTETH. 

"It  is  the  most  valuable  of  all  Chandler's  productions,  abound 
ing  with  solid  learning,  accurate  research,  and  many  important 
and  original  views.  ...  It  is  very  far  superior  to  the  work  of 
Delany  on  the  same  subject." — ORME  :  q.  v.  for  the  cause  of  its  pub 
lication. 

"  A  book  above  all  praise.  It  was  occasioned  by  the  publication, 
in  1762,  of  a  vile  and  blasphemous  tract  entitled  The  History  of 
the  Man  after  God's  own  Heart.  Dr.  Chandler  has  illustrated  many 
of  the  Psalms  in  an  admirable  manner." — HORNE. 

Sermons,  from  his  MSS. ;  with  Life,  &c.  by  Amory, 
1768,  4  vols.  8vo. 

"A  vein  of  goodness  and  rational  piety  pervades  the  whole." — 
Lon.  Critical  Review. 

"  His  practical  discourses  are  excellent :  there  is  such  a  fulness 
of  thought  upon  every  subject  which  Dr.  Chandler  treats  as  is 
rarely  met  with  and  shows  a  mind  richly  furnished." — Lon.  Month. 
Rev. 

Mr.  White  pub.  in  1777,  4to,  from  Dr.  C.'s  MSS.,  his 
Paraphrase  and  Notes  on  the  Epistles  to  the  Galatians 
and  Ephesians,  with  a  Grit,  and  Prac.  Comment,  on  the 
Epistles  to  the  Thessalonians. 

"  The  author  adheres  most  closely  and  constantly  to  the  spirit 
of  the  original,"  &c. — WHITE. 

"  Dr.  Chandler's  sentiments  were  too  incorrect  on  some  im 
portant  subjects  to  leave  him  capable  of  doing  full  justice  to  Paul's 
Epistles.  He  was  an  Arian, — the  effects  of  which  appear  in  the 
unnatural  coldness  of  his  style  on  some  of  those  topics  which 
warmed  and  elevated  the  souls  of  holy  men  of  old,  as  well  as  in 
his  perverted  interpretations  of  various  passages."— ORME. 

See  Home's  Introduc. ;  and  Lon.  Monthly  Rev.,  0.  S., 
Ivi.  161. 

"He  was  not  a  man  of  strictly  evangelical  views;  but  he  pos 
sessed  great  learning,  very  strong  sense,  inflexible  resolution,  and 
was  a  zealous  advocate  of  divine  revelation.  His  four  volumes  of 
Sermons  are  well  worth  reading." — DR.  E.  WILLIAMS. 

Chandler,  Thomas.  Vitse  Will.  Wickhami,  Episc. 
Wintoni,  et  Thomae  de  Beckintona,  Episc.  Bath  et  Wallens. 
Vide  Wharton,  p.  355. 

Chandler,  Thomas  B.,  d.  1790,  aged  64,  a  native 
of  Connecticut,  was  an  eminent  Episcopalian  minister.  He 
wrote  several  works  in  favour  of  the  Episcopal  Church,  a 
sermon,  <fcc.,  pub.  1767-1805. 

Chandler,  William.     Sermon,  Lon.,  1682,  4to. 

Chanler,  Isaac,  1701-1749.    Sermons,  Ac.,  1704. 

Channel,  Elinor.  A  Message  from  God  to  the  Pro 
tector,  1653. 

Channing,  Edward  Tyrrel,  LL.D.,  1790-1856, 
brother  of  Dr.  Wm.  Ellery  Channing,  and  Walter  Chan- 
ning,  M.D.,  (?.».,)  Prof,  of  Rhetoric  and  Oratory  in  Har 
vard  College  from  1819  to  '51,— "where  the  exactness  of 
his  instruction,  his  cultivated  taste,  and  his  highly-disci 
plined  mental  powers  gave  him  an  eminent  reputation 
with  his  pupils."  He  edited  vols.  vii.,  viii.,  and  ix.  of  the 
N.  American  Review,  and  contributed  many  articles  to 
subsequent  volumes  of  that  journal.  He  is  the  author  of 
the  Life  of  his  grandfather,  William  Ellery,  in  Sparks's 
Amer.  Biog. ;  and  in  1856  was  pub.  his  Lectures  read  be 
fore  the  Seniors  of  Harvard  College,  with  a  Biographical 
Notice  by  R.  H.  Dana,  Jr.,  Bost.,  12mo. 

Channing,  John.  De  Variolis  et  Morbillis,  Arabice 
et  Latine,  cum  aliis  nonnullis  ejusdem  argument!,  Lon. 
1766,  8vo. 

Channing,  Walter,  M.D.,  b.  1786,  at  Newport,  R.I., 
son  of  Wm.  Channing,  a  distinguished  lawyer,  and  grand 
son  of  Wm.  Ellery,  who  was  a  member  of  Congress  1776- 
86  and  one  of  the  signers  of  the  Declaration  of  Inde 
pendence.  His  grandfather  and  father  held  offices  under 
commissions  from  Gen.  Washington.  He  is  a  brother  of 
Wm.  Ellery  Channing.  Educated  at  Harvard  Coll.,  and 
grad.  M.D.  at  the  Univ.  of  Penna.,  having  studied  in  the 
office  of  Prof.  Barton,  of  Phila.  Prof,  of  Midwifery  and 
Medical  Jurisprudence  at  the  Univ.  of  Cambridge.  1. 
Address  on  the  Prevention  of  Pauperism,  1843,  12mo.  2. 
Treatise  on  Etherization  in  Childbirth  j  illustrated  by  581 
cases,  Bost.,  1848,  r.  8vo,  pp.  400.  3.  Professional  Remi 
niscences  of  Foreign  Travel,  8vo.  4.  New  and  Old,  1851, 
12mo.  5  A  Physician's  Vacation;  or,  A  Summer  in 
Europe,  1856,  8vo,  pp.  564.  Dr.  C.  is  the  author  of 


many  valuable  tracts,  essays,  and  discourses  on  medical 
subjects. 

Channing,William  Ellery,  D.D.,  1780-1842,  b.  at 
Newport,  brother  of  the  preceding,  was  entered  of  Harvard 
College  when  fourteen  years  of  age,  and  graduated  with 
distinction  in  1798.  After  leaving  college  he  resided  for 
some  time  as  a  private  tutor  in  a  family  in  Virginia.  Se 
lecting  the  ministry  as  his  profession,  he  was  ordained  in 
June,  1803,  and  assumed  the  charge  of  a  church  in  Federal 
Street,  Boston.  At  the  ordination  of  the  Rev.  Jared  Sparks 
in  Baltimore,  1819,  he  preached  a  sermon  on  the  Unitarian 
belief,  which  elicited  responses  from  a  number  of  the  advo 
cates  of  the  Trinity.  In  1823  he  pub.  an  Essay  on  Na 
tional  Literature,  and  in  1826  (in  the  Christian  Examiner) 
Remarks  on  the  Character  and  Writings  of  John  Milton. 
He  had  now  gained  an  extensive  reputation  as  a  literary 
man,  which  was  confirmed  and  strengthened  by  his  subse 
quent  productions, — of  which  may  be  mentioned  his  Re 
marks  on  the  Character  and  Writings  of  Fenelon,  (Chris 
tian  Examiner,  1829;)  Address  on  Self-Culture,  1838 ;  a 
work  in  opposition  to  Negro  Slavery,  1835 ;  and  Discourses 
on  the  Evidences  of  Revealed  Religion.  His  last  public 
address  was  delivered  at  Lenox,  Massachusetts,  August  1, 
1842,  (two  months  before  his  decease,)  in  commemoration 
of  Emancipation  in  the  British  West  Indies.  See  Gris- 
wold's  Prose  Writers  of  America. 

The  first  collected  Amer.  ed.  of  his  works  was  pub.  in  Bos 
ton  in  1841,  5  vols.  12mo;  6th  ed.,  1846,  6  vols.  12mo ;  Lon., 
1845,  6  vols.  8vo,  (edited  by  Joseph  Barker;)  last  Lon.  ed., 
1855,  cr.  8vo.  The  Essay  on  Milton  was  reviewed  with 
much  severity  by  Lord  Macaulay,  (Edin.  Rev.,  Ixix.  214;) 
but  Dr.  Channing's  literary  abilities  have  been  estimated 
highly  by  many  critics  on  both  sides  of  the  Atlantic. 

"He  looks  through  the  external  forms  of  things  in  search  of  the 
secret  and  mysterious  principles  of  thought,  action,  and  being. 
He  takes  little  notice  of  the  varieties  of  manner  and  character  that 
form  the  favourite  topics  of  the  novelist  and  poet.  Mind  in  the 
abstract,  its  nature,  properties,  and  destiny,  are  his  constant  theme. 
He  looks  at  material  objects  chiefly  as  the  visible  expressions  of 
the  existence,  character,  and  will  of  the  sublime  Unseen  Intelli 
gence  whose  power  created  and  whose  presence  informs  and  sus 
tains  the  universe."— A.  H.  EVERETT  :  N.  Amer.  Rev.,  Oct.  1835,  366. 

Read  Mr.  Everett's  comparison  (supra)  between  Chan 
ning  and  Washington  Irving.  See  also  Wm.  H.  Prescott's 
Miscellanies,  1855,  270. 

"From  tho  appearance  of  his  Discourse  on  the  Evidences  of 
Christianity— a  luminous  exposition— till  the  lamented  death  of 
this  eminent  man,  the  public  expectation  which  had  been  raised 
so  high  by  the  character  of  his  earliest  performances  was  con 
tinually  excited  and  fulfilled  by  the  appearance  of  some  new  and 
earnest  expression  of  his  thoughts  on  themes  which  come  immedi 
ately  home  to  men's  business  and  bosoms, — religion,  government, 
and  literature  in  their  widest  sense  and  application." — Retrospect 
of  the  Religious  Life  of  England,  (by  John  James  Tayler,  B.A;) 

"  Channing  is  unquestionably  the  first  writer  of  the  age.  From 
his  writings  may  V>e  extracted  some  of  the  richest  poetry  and 
richest  conceptions,  clothed  in  language,  unfortunately  for  our 
literature,  too  little  studied  in  the  day  in  which  we  live."— 
Fraser's  Magazine. 

"  The  thoughts  that  breathe  and  the  words  that  burn  abound  in 
his  writings  more  than  in  those  of  any  modern  author  with  whom 
we  are  acquainted.  He  seems  to  move  and  live  in  a  pure  and  ele 
vated  atmosphere  of  his  own,  from  which  he  surveys  the  various 
interests  of  society  and  pronounces  on  them  a  just  and  discrimi 
nating  judgment." — India  Gazette. 

Other  notices  of  Dr.  Channing's  writings  will  be  found 
in  Westm.  Rev.,  vols.  x.,  xii.,  1.,  (by  Rev.  James  Mar- 
tineau;)  Edin.  Rev.,  1.,  Ixix.;  Eclec.  Rev.,  4th  Ser.,  xxiv.; 
Lon.  Month.  Rev.,  cxv. ;  Blackw.  Mag.,  xviii. ;  Eraser's 
Mag.,  xvii.,  xviii. ;  Amer.  Quar.  Rev.,  xvi. ;  Method. 
Quar.  Rev.,  ix.,  (by  A.  Stevens;)  Mass.  Quar.  Rev.,  i. ; 
Bost.  Chris.  Exam.,  iv.,  (by  A.  Norton,)  xiv.,  (by  0. 
Dewey,)  xxviii.,  xxxiii.,  xlv.,  (by  W.  H.  Furness ;)  Bost. 
Liv.  Age,  xix. ;  N.  York  Lit.  and  Theolog.  Rev.,  i.,  (by  L. 
Withington,)  iii.,  (by  E.  Pond;)  N.  York  Eclec.  Mag.,  xv.; 
Democrat.  Rev.,  ix.,  xi.,  xii.,  (by  George  Bancroft;)  South. 
Lit.  Mess.,  iv.,  vi.,  xv.,  (by  H.  T.  Tuckerman;)  New  Eng- 
lander,  viii. ;  Phila.  Mus.,  xvi.,  xxxv. 

Memoir  of,  with  Extracts  from  his  Correspondence  and 
Manuscripts ;  edited  by  his  nephew,  William  Henry  Chan 
ning,  Boston,  1848,  3  vols.  12mo;  Lon.,  1850,  2vols.  12mo. 

"This  is  a  valuable  contribution  to  literature.  We  recommend 
it  to  all  who  take  an  interest  in  such  subjects."— Lon.  Athenaeum. 

It  is  a  work  of  high  merit,  and  in  many  respects  of  deep  inte 
rest."— Lon.  Examiner. 

"Every  page  teems  with  thought."— Brit.  Quar.  Rev. 

Channing,  William  Ellery,  nephew  of  the  pre 
ceding,  and  son  of  Dr.  Walter  Channing.  Poems:  1st  Ser., 
Bost.,  1843 ;  2d  Ser.,  1847.  Youth  of  the  Poet  and  Painter: 
a  Series  of  Psychological  Essays,  pub.  in  The  Dial,  1844. 
Conversations  in  Rome  :  between  an  Artist,  a  Catholic,  and 
a  Critic,  1847.  The  Woodman,  and  other  Poems.  1849. 

367 


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"There  is  much  originality  and  a  fine  vein  of  reflection  in  both 
this  author's  prose  and  verse." — Duydrincks1  Cyc. 

Channing,  William  Francis,  M.D.,  son  of  Dr. 
William  Ellery  Channing,  b.  1820,  at  Boston.  1.  Davis's 
Manual  of  Magnetism,  1841, 12mo.  2.  Notes  on  the  Medical 
Application  of  Electricity,  Bost.,  1849, 12mo.  3.  The  Ame 
rican  Fire- Alarm  Telegraph;  a  Lect. before  the  Smithsonian 
Institute,  1855.  Contributed  to  Silliman's  Jour.,  <fcc. 

Channing,  William  Henry,  nephew  of  Dr.  Wm. 
Ellery  Channing,  and  son  of  Francis  Dana  Channing, 
graduated  at  Harvard  College  1829,  and  the  Cambridge 
Divinity  School,  1833.  1.  Memoirs  of  the  Rev.  James  H. 
Perkins,  Bost.,  1851,  2  vols.  12mo.  2.  Jouffroy's  Intro 
duction  to  Ethics,  including  a  Critical  Survey  of  Moral 
Systems ;  translated  for  Mr.  Ripley's  Series  of  Specimens 
of  Foreign  Literature,  Bost.,  1840.  3.  Memoir  of  William 
Ellery  Channing,  with  Extracts  from  his  Correspondence 
and  Manuscripts,  Bost.,  1848,  3  vols.  12mo.  4.  On  the 
Christian  Church  and  Social  Reform :  see  Brownson's 
Quar.  Rev.,  2d  Ser.,  iii.  209,  438.  5.  With  R.  W.  Emer 
son  and  J.  F.  Clarke,  Boston,  Memoirs  of  Margaret  Fuller 
Ossoli :  see  OSSOLI,  MARCHESA  D'. 

Chantrell,  Mary  Ann.     Poems,  1748,  8vo. 

Chapin,  Alonzo  B.,  D.D.,  1808-1858,  a  native  of 
Somers,  Conn. ;  practised  law  six  years ;  entered  the 
ministry  1838.  Classical  Spelling-Book.  Primitive  Church, 
1845.  Gospel  Truth.  Puritanism  not  Protestantism,  1847. 
Hist,  of  Glastonbury,  1853,  8vo.  Author  of  many  pamph 
lets  on  religious  subjects.  Contributed  to  Knickerbocker, 
Chris.  Spect.,  Amer.  Quar.  Rev.,  N.Y.  Rev.,  Church  Rev.,  &c. 

Chapin,  E.  H.,  D.D.,  b.  1814,  in  the  State  of  New 
York;  a  distinguished  pulpit-orator.  1.  Hours  of  Com 
munion.  2.  Characters  in  the  Gospels.  3.  Discourses  on 
the  Lord's  Prayer.  4.  Crown  of  Thorns.  5.  Token  for  the 
Sorrowing.  6.  Moral  Aspects  of  City  Life,  1853.  7.  Hu 
manity  in  the  City,  1854.  8.  Christianity  the  Perfection 
of  True  Manliness,  1855,  12mo.  Other  works. 

Chapin,  Walter.    Missionary  Gazetteer,  1825, 12rno. 

Chapin,  Wm.   Gazetteer  U.  States,  N.Y.,  1839,  12mo. 

Chaplin,  Daniel,  of  Mass.     Sermons,  1802-08. 

Chaplin,  Ebenezer,  of  Mass.  Serms.,  Ac.,1772-1802. 

Chaplin,  Mrs.  Jane  D.,  b.  in  Mass.  The  Convent 
and  the  Manse,  12mo.  Green  Leaves  from  Oakwood,  18mo. 

Chaplin,  Rev.  Jeremiah,  b.  1813,  in  Mass.  Even 
ings  of  Life,  12mo.  Riches  of  Bunyan,  12mo,  &o. 

Chaplin,  William.     Sermons,  1820,  '26,  8vo. 

Chapman.     Sermons,  Oxf.,  1790,  2  vols.  8vo. 

Chapman,  Alex.     Sermon,  Lon.,  1610. 

Chapman,  Edmund,  Surg.  Med.  treatises,  1737,  '59. 

Chapman,  Edw.  Materia  Medica,  Edin.,  1850, 12mo. 

Chapman,  Rev.  F.  W.  The  Chapman  Family: 
The  Descendants  of  Robert  Chapman,  of  Saybrook,  Conn., 
Hartford,  1854,  8vo. 

Chapman,  George,  1557-1634,  supposed  to  have 
been  a  native  of  Kent,  was  entered  when  17  of  Trinity 
College,  Oxford,  where  he  was  distinguished  for  his  know 
ledge  of  the  Greek  and  Latin  authors.  On  leaving  college 
he  cultivated  a  friendship  with  Shakspeare,  Spenser,  Da 
niel,  and  other  eminent  poets  of  the  day.  His  first  pub 
lication  was  Ovid's  Banquet  of  Sauce,  1595,  4to,  to  which 
was  added  The  Amorous  Contention  of  Phillis  and  Flora. 
After  this  he  pub.  many  poetical  and  dramatic  pieces  of 
greater  or  less  merit,  for  a  detailed  account  of  which  we 
must  refer  the  reader  to  Lowndes's  Bibl.  Man. ;  War- 
ton's  Hist,  of  Eng.  Poetry;  Wood's  Athen.  Oxon.;  Lang- 
baine's  Dramatick  Poets;  and  the  Retrospective  Review, 
vols.  iv.  and  v.,  1821-22.  He  is  now  best  known  by  his 
.ranslation  of  Homer,— the  fiftt  into  English.  He  pub.  in 
1596,  4to,  The  Shield  of  Achilles ;  and  in  the  same  year 
jeven  books  of  the  Iliad  appeared.  The  entire  transla 
tion,  with  comments,  followed,  printed  by  N.  Butter,  in  a 
folio  without  date,  supposed  to  be  about  1600.  This 
translation  has  elicited  warm  commendation  and  censure 
equally  decided.  Waller,  Dr.  Johnson,  Godwin,  Hallam, 
Lamb,  and  Coleridge  are  among  his  admirers.  Pope,  whilst 
admitting  his  defects,  considers  that  he  covers  them  by 

"A  daring  fiery  spirit,  that  animates  his  translation,  which  is 
something  like  what  one  might  imagine  Homer  himself  to  have 
written  before  he  arrived  at  years  of  discretion." 

The  scholars  of  Chapman's  day  were  greatly  delighted 
irith  what  they  looked  upon  as  a  credit  to  the  brotherhood : 

';  At  which  time  Chapman  was  highly  celebrated  amone  scholars 
for  his  brave  language  in  that  translation.  I  mean  of  those ffiS 
that  are  translated  into  tester  ad  ecca  syllabous,  or  lines  of  fourteen 
syllables."—  Athen.  Oxon. 

'•  He  has  by  no  means  represented  the  dignity  or  the  simplicitv 
of  Homer.  He  is  sometimes  paraphrastic  and  redundant,  but 
more  frequently  retrenches  or  impoverishes  what  he  could  riot  feel 
and  express.  In  the  mean  time,  he  labours  with  the  inconvenience 


of  an  awkward,  inharmonious,  and  unheroic  measure,  imposed  by 
custom,  but  disgustful  to  modern  ears.  Yet  he  is  not  always  with 
out  strength  or  spirit.  He  has  enriched  our  language  with  many 
compound  epithets,  so  much  in  the  manner  of  Homer,  such  as  the 
silver-footed  Thetis,  the  silver-throned  Juno,  the  triple-feathered 
helme,  the  high-walled  Thebes,  the  fair-haired  boy,  the  silver-flow 
ing  floods,  the  hugely -peopled  towns,  the  Grecians  navy-bound,  the 
strong-winged  lance,  and  many  more  which  might  be  collected."— 
Warton's  Hist,  of  English  Poetry. 

The  Rev.  R.  Hooper  has  pub.  new  eds.,  with  Notes,  Ac., 
of  translations  by  Chapman,  viz. : — Homer's  Iliads,  with 
Life  of  Chapman,  1857,  2  vols. ;  Homer's  Odysseys,  1857, 
2  vols. ;  Homer's  Batrachomyomachia,  Hymns,  and  Epi 
grams,  Hesiod's  Works  and  Days,  Musaeus's  Hero  and 
Leander,  and  Juvenal's  Fifth  Satire,  1858,  1  vol. 

Eastward-Ho — the  joint  production  of  Chapman,  Ben 
Jonson,  Marston,  and  Martin — was  pub.  in  1605,  4to.  We 
notice  it  especially  in  order  to  give  an  amusing  specimen 
of  Langbaine's  deference  to  "rare  Ben:" 

"  I  can  give  him  no  greater  commendation  than  that  he  was  so 
intimate  with  the  famous  Johnson  [sic]  as  to  engage  in  a  Trium 
virate  with  Him  and  Marston  in  a  Play  called  Eastward-Ho, — a 
Favour  which  the  haughty  Ben  could  seldome  be  perswaded  to." — 
Dramatick  Poets. 

The  reflection  upon  the  Scots  got  the  authors  into  trou 
ble.  In  1611  appeared  his  May-Day,  a  wittie  Comedy,  in 
which  "a  man  of  the  highest  literary  taste  for  the  pieces 
in  vogue  is  characterized"  as  "one  that  has  read  Marcus 
Aurelius,  Gesta  Romanorum,  the  Mirrour  of  Magistrates, 
<fec."  Among  Chapman's  other  works  were  Bussy  d'Am- 
bois,  The  Widow's  Tears,  a  version  of  the  Odyssey,  of  the 
Batrachomyomachia,  and  the  Hymns  and  Epigrams,  a 
trans,  of  Museeus,  1616,  and  the  Georgicks  of  Hesiod,  1619. 
Warton  remarks  that  his  eighteen  plays, 

"  Although  now  forgotten,  must  have  contributed  in  no  incon 
siderable  degree  to  enrich  and  advance  the  English  stage." — Hist, 
of  English  Poetry. 

"  Webster,  his  fellow-dramatist,  praises  his  full  and  heightened 
style, — a  character  which  he  does  not  deserve  in  any  favourable 
sense;  for  his  diction  is  chiefly  marked  by  barbarous  ruggedness, 
false  elevation,  and  extravagant  metaphor.  The  drama  owes  him 
very  little :  his  Bussy  d'Ambois  is  a  piece  of  frigid  atrocity ;  and 
in  '  The  Widow's  Tears,'  where  his  heroine  Cynthia  falls  in  love 
with  a  sentinel  guarding  the  corpse  of  her  husband,  whom  she 
was  bitterly  lamenting,  he  has  dramatized  one  of  the  most  puerile 
and  disgusting  legends  ever  fabricated  for  the  disparagement  of 
female  constancy." — CAMPBELL  :  Lives  of  the  Poets. 

Chapman,  George,  1723-1806,  a  Scottish  school 
master.  Treatise  on  Education,  Edin.,  1773,  8vo;  many 
edits.  Hints  on  Education,  <fec.  Advantages  of  a  Classical 
Education,  &c.  Abridgment  of  Ruddiman's  Rudiments 
and  Latin  Grammar.  East  India  Tracts,  <fcc.,  1805, 12mo. 

Chapman,  George  T.  Sermons  on  the  Episcopal 
Church,  1828 ;  3d  ed.,  1844,  12mo.  Do.  to  Presbyterians. 

Chapman,  H.  T.  I.Atlas  of  Surgical  Apparatus,  Lon., 
4to;  text,  8vo.  2.  Ulcers  of  the  Leg,  1848,  p.  8vo.  3.  Vari 
cose  Veins,  1856,  p.  8vo. 

Chapman,  Henry.  Thermae  Redivivao  :  the  City  of 
Bath  Described,  Lon.,  1673,  4to. 

Chapman,  Isaac.     Hist,  of  Wyoming,  1830,  12mo. 

Chapman,  James.     The  Orator,  &c.,  1804-18. 

Chapman,  Jane  Frances.  King  Eric  and  the  Out 
laws  ;  from  the  Danish  of  Ingemann,  3  vols.  p.  8vo. 

Chapman,  John,  1704-1784,  educated  at  Eton  and  at 
King's  College,  Cambridge,  Archdeacon  of  Sudbury,  1741, 
pub.  several  classical  and  theological  works.  An  Answer 
to  Collins,  Cantab.,  1728,  8vo.  Remarks  on  Middleton's 
Celebrated  Letter  to  Dr.  Waterland,  1731.  Eusebius : 
against  Morgan  and  Tindal,  1739,  8vo.  Sermons,  1739, 
'43,  '48,  '52.  De  JEtate  Ciceronis  Librorum  de  Legibus, 
1744.  Chapman  was  a  close  student  of  Cicero  :  he  gained 
great  credit  by  his  position  that  the  illustrious  orator  pub. 
two  edits,  of  his  Academics ;  and  he  corrected  Middleton  in 
some  errors  which  he  had  committed.  Letter  to  Dr.  Middle- 
ton,  1744.  A  Charge,  1746.  Miscellaneous  Tracts  relating 
to  Antiquity,  with  Addits.,  1743,  8vo.  A  View  of  the  Ex 
pediency  and  Credibility  of  Miraculous  Powers  among  the 
Primitive  Christians  after  the  Decease  of  the  Apostles, 
1752,  4to.  His  Case  against  Dr.  Richardson,  fol.  Middle- 
ton  attacked  his  Charge  to  the  Clergy.  See  Nichols's  Lite 
rary  Anecdotes,  and  Bishop  Warburton's  Correspondence. 

Chapman,  John,  Surgeon.  Con.  to  Ann.  of  Mod., 
1799 ;  Med.  and  Phys.  Jour.,  1800. 

Chapman,  John,  editor  of  the  Westminster  Review. 
Characteristics  of  Men  of  Genius;  selected  chiefly  from 
the  North  American  Review,  Lon.,  1 847,  2  vols.  8vo. 

"They  are  essays  which  would  do  honour  to  the  literature  of 
any  country." — Westminster  Review. 

Other  publications. 

Chapman,  John.  The  Cotton  and  Commerce  of 
India  Considered,  Lon.,  1851,  8vo.  Various  articles  in 
the  London  quarterlies. 


CHA 

Chapman,  J.  G.,  of  New  York.  American  Draw 
ing-Book,  N.  York,  4to  :  originally  pub.  in  numbers. 

"  It  is  the  best  work  of  its  class  that  I  have  ever  seen.  Clear 
and  simple  in  its  method,  it  adapts  itself  to  every  degree  of  capa 
city  and  insures  most  satisfactory  results  to  all."—  A.  B.  DUKAND, 


ESQ.,  President  of  the  National  Academy  of  Design. 
The  Amateur's  Drawing  Manual,  and  Basis  of 


Study 


for  the  Professional  Artist,  1858,  4to. 

"This  American  work,  though  occasionally  verbose  and  re 
dundant,  is  one  of  the  most  comprehensive  books  of  instruction 
that  has  yet  been  published.  It  deals  with  art  in  a  workmanlike, 
honest,  wide,  exhaustive  way,  and  rises  far  beyond  the  prettinesses 
of  dilettantism  into  the  purer  air  where  the  Old  Masters  sit,  high 
and  apart."—  Lon.  Athen.,  July  17,  1858. 

Chapman,  Nath.,  M.D.,  d.  July  1,  1853,  aged  74, 
Prof,  in  Univ.  of  Penna.,  and  Pres.  of  Amer.  Philos.  Soc.  ; 
an  eminent  physician  of  Philadelphia.  Eruptive  Fevers, 
Phila.,  8vo.  Thoracic  Viscera,  1844,  8vo.  Lects.  on  Fevers, 
Dropsy,  Gout,  Rheumatism,  &c.,  8vo.  Elements  of  Thera 
peutics  and  Materia  Medica,  2  vols.  8vo.  Compendium  of 
his  Lectures  by  Benedict.  Dr.  C.  pub.,  in  1807-08,  5  vols. 
8vo,  Select  Speeches,  Forensick  and  Parliamentary,  with 
Prefatory  Remarks.  See  Discourse  on  Dr.  C.,  by  S.  Jack 
son,  M.D.,  1854,  8vo;  CARPENTER,  STEPHEN  CULLEN. 

Chapman,  Richard.     Serms.,  1703,  '04,  '09. 

Chapman,  Richard.  Greek  Harmony,  Lon.,  1836, 
4to.  In  this  the  arrangements  of  Newcome,  Townsend, 
and  Greswell  are  incorporated,  with  Notes. 

Chapman,  Samuel,  surgeon.  Profess.  Essays, 
1751,  '70. 

Chapman,  Samuel.     Serms.,  1815,  3  vols. 

Chapman,  Stephen.     Serm.,  Oxf.,  1703,  4to. 

Chapman,  Thomas,  D.D.,  1717-1760,  Master  of 
Magdalen  College,  was  educated  at  and  Fellow  of  Christ 
Church,  Cambridge.  Essay  on  the  Roman  Senate,  Camb., 
1750,  8vo.  He  agrees  with  Dr.  Middleton.  Hooke  takes 
them  both  to  task  in  his  Observations,  <fcc.,  1758,  4to. 

"  Chapman  died  in  the  flower  of  his  life  and  fortune.  I  knew 
him  formerly  very  well.  He  was  in  his  nature  a  vain  and  busy 
man."  —  BISHOP  HURD. 

Chapman,  Thomas.  Cyder-maker's  Instructor,1757. 

Chapman,  W.  The  Parriad,  Lon.,  1788,  4to.  This 
was  addressed  to  Dr.  Parr  upon  "  his  elegant  but  illiberal 
preface"  to  Bellenden. 

Chapman,  W.     Serm.,  Lon.,  1798,  8vo. 

Chapman,  William.    Canal  Navigation,  1797-1805. 

Chapman,  William.  Con.  to  Phil.  Trans.,  1758  j 
distilling  from  Sea  Water  ;  Fossil  Bones  of  an  Alligator. 

Chapman,  Sir  William.  Inventory  of  his  Lands, 
<fcc.,  1721,  fol.  His  Petition  to  the  H.  of  Commons. 

Chapone,  Hester,  1727-1801,  was  a  daughter  of 
Thomas  Mulso,  Esq.,  of  Twywell  in  Northamptonshire. 
Her  literary  taste  was  developed  at  an  early  age;  as  it  is 
asserted  that  when  only  nine  years  old  she  composed  a 
romance  entitled  The  Loves  of  Amoret  and  Melissa.  At 
the  house  of  Samuel  Richardson,  the  novelist,  she  met 
with  Mr.  Chapone,  a  lawyer,  to  whom  she  was  married  in 
1760,  after  a  long  engagement.  Mr.  C.  lived  but  ten 
months  after  his  marriage.  She  was  the  intimate  friend 
of  Elizabeth  Carter  for  more  than  fifty  years,  and  had  the 
courage  to  argue  with  the  redoubted  Dr.  Johnson.  In 
1753  she  contributed  to  the  Adventurer  the  story  of  Fide 
lia.  See  Nos.  77,  78,  79.  When  Elizabeth  Carter's  trans. 
of  Epictetus  was  pub.  in  1758,  Mrs.  Chapone  prefixed  an 
ode  to  the  work.  Her  letters  on  the  Improvement  of  the 
Mind,  addressed  to  her  niece,  were  pub.  in  1773  2  vols 
12rno,  (and  1801,  8vo  ;)  and  two  years  later  appeared  the 
Miscellanies  in  Prose  and  Verse  ;  many  of  these  were  the 
compositions  of  her  earlier  days.  Her  Letter  to  a  new- 
married  Lady  was  pub.  in  1777,  12mo.  Miss  Mulso—  for 
she  was  then  unmarried—  contributed  four  billets  in  the 
10th  No.  of  the  Rambler. 

Johnson  complains  to  Mrs.  Thrale  : 

"  You  make  verses,  and  they  are  read  in  public,  and  I  know 
nothing  about  them.  This  very  crime,  I  think,  broke  the  link  of 
amity  between  Richardson  and  Miss  M.  [ulso]  after  a  tenderness 
and  confidence  of  many  years."  —  April  18,  1780. 

We  have  already  referred  to  Dr.  Johnson's  letter  to  Mrs. 
Chapone,  giving  his  opinion  of  the  Earl  of  Carlisle's  Fa 
ther's  Revenge,  (q.  v.) 

Her  Posthumous  Works,  including  Correspondence  and 
some  pieces  not  before  printed,  were  pub.  in  1807,  2  vols. 
12mo  ;  2d  edit.,  1808.  Her  poetry  has  been  much  admired, 
and  the  Letters  on  the  Improvement  of  the  Mind  have 
proved  extensively  useful. 

"  Although  more  than  sixty  years  have  elapsed  since  this  work 
was  first  published,  its  advice  does  not  even  yet  appear  anti 
quated:  and  is  as  well  calculated  to  improve  the  rising  generation 
vras  to  instruct  the  youth  of  their  grandmothers."—  MRS! 

24 


CHA 

Chappel,  Bart.  Garden  of  Prudence,  Lon.,  1595,  8vo. 
"The  commentators  on  Shakspeare  may  add  to  their  notes  on 
Romeo  and  Juliet  that  '  griping  grief  occurs  more  than  once 
among  the  metre." — Restituta,  ii.  503,  q.  v. 

This  rare  work  is  priced  in  Bibl.  Anglo-Poet.,  £25. 

Chappel,  R.     Universal  Arithmetic,  Lon.,  1798,  8vo. 

Chappel,  Samuel.  A  Diamond,  or  Rich  Jewel, 
presented  to  the  Commonwealth  of  England,  Lon.,  1650, 4to. 

Chappel,  William,  1582-1649,  a  native  of  Notting 
hamshire,  was  educated  at  Christ's  College,  Cambridge ; 
Dean  of  Cashel,  1633  ;  Provost  of  Trinity  College,  Dub 
lin,  1637;  Bishop  of  Cork,  1638.  The  persecution  to 
which  he  was  subjected  in  Ireland  obliged  him  to  return 
to  England,  where  he  died.  Methodus  Concionandi,  Lon., 
1648,  8vo.  The  Use  of  the  Holy  Scriptures,  1653,  8vo. 
The  Preacher,  1656,  12mo.  Vita  Seipso  conscripta,  et 
edit,  per  Th.  Hearne,  Oxf.,  1715,  8vo.  He  is  one  of  the 
persons  to  whom  the  authorship  of  The  Whole  Duty  of 
Man  has  been  ascribed  : 

"  'Tis  certain  The  Whole  Duty  of  Man  was  written  by  one  who 
suffered  by  the  troubles  in  Ireland ;  and  some  lines  in  this  piece 
give  great  grounds  to  conjecture  that  Bishop  Chappel  was  the  au 
thor." — BEAUPR£  BELL.  See  Peck's  Desiderata. 

This  is  hardly  legal  evidence. 

Chappell,  Edward,  Lt.  R.N.  Voyage  to  Hudson's 
Bay,  Lon.,  1817,  8vo. 

"  He  might  just  as  well  have  written  his  little  volume  on  a  voy 
age  to  the  South  Seas  as  to  Hudson's  Bay,  for  any  thing  nautical 
which  is  to  be  found  in  it  respecting  this  bay." — Lon.  Quar.  Rev. 

Chappelou,  John.  An  Essay  to  suppress  the  Pro 
fanation  of  the  reverend  name  of  God,  in  Vain  Swearing, 
<fcc.,  Lon.,  1721,  8vo.  An  excellent  theme.  No  profane 
swearer  should  be  tolerated  in  civilized,  to  say  nothing  of 
Christian,  society. 

Chappelow,  Leonard,  1683-1768,  was  educated  at 
St.  John's  College,  Cambridge;  Fellow,  1717;  succeeded 
Simon  Ockley  as  Arabic  Professor  at  Cambridge,  1720. 
He  was  presented  with,  the  livings  of  Great  and  Little 
Hormead,  Hertfordshire.  An  edit,  of  Spencer's  De  Legi- 
bus  Hebraeorum  Ritualibus,  1727,  2  vols.  fol.  Elementa 
Linguae  Arabicse,  &c.,  1730,  8vo.  The  Traveller;  an 
Arabic  Poem,  Ac.,  1758,  4to.  Two  Sermons  by  Bishop 
Bull,  Ac.,  (v.  BULL,)  1765,  8vo.  Six  Assemblies,  1767,  8vo. 
A  Commentary  on  the  Book  of  Job,  with  the  Hebrew  text, 
English  trans.,  and  Paraphrase,  Camb.,  1752,  2  vols.  4to. 

"  Chappelow  is  a  disciple  of  Schulten's,  to  whose  learned  work 
he  is  indebted  for  much  of  his  criticism.  He  thinks  the  book  of 
Job  was  originally  composed  in  Arabic  by  Job  himself,  and  after 
wards  translated  into  Hebrew,  and  digested  into  its  present  form 
by  one  of  that  nation." — ORME. 

Chappelow  largely  promoted  the  study  of  Oriental  Litera 
ture  in  England.  See  Lon.  Monthly  Review,  0.  S.,  vol.  vii. 

Chappie,  William,  d.  1781,  compiled  a  History  of 
Exeter,  pub.  1714,  2  vols.  A  Review  of  part  of  Risdon's 
Hist,  of  Devon,  Exeter,  1785,  4to.  He  contributed  to  the 
Gent.  Mag.  and  the  Lady's  Diary. 

Chardin,  Sir  John,  1643-1713,  a  celebrated  traveller, 
a  native  of  Paris,  lived  many  years  in  England,  where  he 
died.  He  was  knighted  by  Charles  II.  The  last  edit,  of 
his  travels  was  pub.  by  M.  L.  Langles,  Paris,  1811,  10  vols. 
8vo,  with  an  imp.  fol.  atlas.  His  travels  through  Persia 
will  be  found  in  vol.  ii.  of  Harris's  Collection,  and  extracts 
from  them  in  vol.  ix.  of  Pinkerton's  Collection.  In  Banner's 
Observations  on  divers  passages  of  Scripture,  &c.,  1764, 
and  1776,  are  incorporated  many  of  Sir  John's  MS.  notes. 
The  lover  of  Travels  should  secure  when  possible  that  de 
lightful  folio— The  Travels  of  Sir  John  Chardin  into  Persia 
and  the  East  Indies,  <fcc.,  Lon.,  1686 — which  is,  says  an  emi 
nent  authority, 

"  The  best  account  of  Mahomedan  nations  ever  published."— 
SIR  WILLIAM  JONES. 

"  The  faculty  of  seizing,  by  a  rapid  and  comprehensive  glance, 
the  character  of  a  country  and  people,  was  possessed  in  the  highest 
degree  by  Chardin,  and  secures  him  an  undisputed  supremacy  in 
that  department  of  literature."— SIR  JAMES  MACKINTOSH. 

"  Ce  voyage  est  un  des  plus  interessants  que  Ton  ait  publics  dans 
le  siecle  dernier."— BRUNET  :  Manuel  du  Libraireetde  V Amateur  de 
Livres  Voyez  Bibliotheque  Universelle  des  Voyages,  par  G.  Boucher 
de  la  Richarderie,  iv.  450,  Paris,  1808. 

There  is  a  monument  in  Westminster  Abbey,  to  the  me 
mory  of  Sir  John  Chardin,  with  only  this  inscription— 

"NOMEN  SIBI  FECIT  ECNDO." 

Chardon,  or  Charldon,  John,  D.D.,  educated  at 
Exeter  College,  Oxford,  was  consecrated  Bishop  of  Down 
and  Connor  in  1596.  Serms.  pub.  at  Lon.  and  Oxf.,  1580, 
'86,  '87,  '95. 

"  A  noted  preacher,  and  wonderfully  followed  for  his  edifying 
sermons."—  Atfien.  Oxon. 

Charfy,  J.  Fisherman ;  or  the  Art  of  Angling  made 
Easy,  Lon.,  8vo. 

"  Of  no  value."— LOWNDES. 


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CHA 


Charier,  B.,  D.D.  Serm.,  Lon.,  1606,  4to. 
Charke,  Charlotte,  d.  1760,  was  the  youngest  daugh 
ter  of  Colley  Cibber.  She  separated  from  her  worthless 
husband,  Richard  Charke,  and  appeared  on  the  stage.  Her 
unhappy  temper  led  to  a  separation  from  Fleetwood,  the 
manager  of  Drury  Lane  Theatre,  and  she  ridiculed  him  in 
a  dramatic  piece  entitled  the  Art  of  Management,  or  Tra 
gedy  expelled,  Lon.,  1735,  8vo.  It  is  said  that  Fleetwood 
purchased  and  destroyed  nearly  the  whole  of  this  impres 
sion.  The  Lover's  Treat;  or  Unnatural  Hatred,  Lon.,  8vo. 
The  Hist,  of  Henry  Dumont,  &c.  In  1785  she  pub.  a  Nar 
rative  of  her  own  Life,  which  presents  a  sad  picture  of  im 
petuosity,  recklessness,  and  distress. 

Charke,  Ezechiel.     Theolog.  treatises,  1659,  4to. 
Charke,  William,  a  Puritan  divine,  Fellow  of  Peter 
House,  Cambridge,  in  1572,  and  expelled.     Answer  to  a 
pamphlet  by  a  Jesuit,  Lon.,  1580,  8vo.    Other  theolog.  trea 
tises,  1580,  '81,  8vo. 

Charldon,  John,  D.D.  See  CHARDON. 
Charlemont,  James  Caulfield,  Earl  of,  1728- 
1799,  a  distinguished  Irish  nobleman,  left  an  unpublished 
history  of  Italian  poetry  from  Dante  to  Metastasio.  Some 
of  his  letters,  with  others  addressed  to  Henry  Flood,  were 
pub.  in  1820,  4to. 

Charles  I.,  King  of  England,  b.  Nov.  9,  1600, 
executed  Jan.  30,  1649.  Two  years  after  the  death  of  the 
king  appeared  Reliquiae  Sacrse  Carolinae ;  or,  The  Works 
of  that  Great  Monarch  and  Glorious  Martyr,  King  Charles 
the  First,  both  Civil  and  Sacred,  printed  by  Sam.  Brown, 
at  the  Hague,  1651,  Svo.  The  Books,  Speeches,  Letters,  Ac. 
of  Charles  I.  were  pub.  Lon.,  1661,  12mo;  and  the  Works 
of  King  Charles  the  Martyr,  with  a  Collection  of  Declara 
tions,  Treatises,  and  other  Papers,  <fcc.,  appeared  in  1664, 
2  vols.  fol. — Bibliotheca  Regia,  bearing  date  1689,  Svo. 

Horace  Walpole  considers  that  the  greater  part  of  the 
above  papers  were  the  composition  of  his  majesty,  but 
Isaac  Reed,  an  abler  critic,  divides  the  Letters,  Declara 
tions,  and  Messages  between  Lord  Clarendon,  Lord  Falk 
land,  and  Sir  John  Colpepper.  Indeed,  it  is  impossible 
to  decide,  of  the  numerous  collections  and  separate  papers 
pub.  in  this  volume,  what  the  king  did  or  did  not  write. 
A  copious  list  of  these  publications  will  be  found  in  Watt's 
Bib.  Brit.  The  literary  ability  of  the  king  is  beyond 
question.  See  GAUDEN,  JOHN.  He  did  not  confine  him 
self  to  prose.  The  elegy  written  at  Carisbrook  Castle  is 
not  devoid  of  merit,  and  an  English  version  (Lon.  1655, 
Svo)  of  Bishop  Saunderson's  Lectures  de  Juramenti  pro- 
missorii  Obligatione  affords  us  a  specimen  of  his  majesty's 
skill  as  a  translator.  Whether  meritorious  or  otherwise, 
the  king  was  not  afraid  to  submit  it  to  the  criticism  of 
Bishop  Juxon,  Dr.  Hammond,  and  Mr.  Thomas  Herbert. 

But  the  most  interesting  literary  question  connected  with 
Charles  I.  is  the  authorship  of  ElKilN  BAslAlKH. 

The  Pourtraicture  of  his  sacred  Majestic  in  his  solitudes 
and  sufferings. 

This  work,  dated  1648,  was  pub.  by  Dr.  Gauden  imme 
diately  after  the  execution  of  the  monarch  : 

"  Had  it  appeared  a  week  sooner,  it  might  have  preserved  the 
king." — MALCOLM  LAING. 

But  Mr.  Laing  little  knew  what  manner  of  spirit  the  re 
gicides  were  of,  when  he  supposed  that  a  book — or  an  Alex 
andrian  library  of  books — would  have  been  suffered  to 
stand  between  them  and  their  victim !  The  unlearned 
reader  must  be  informed  that  from  that  day  to  this  it  has 
been  a  matter  of  vehement  controversy — in  which  many 
great  and  good  men  have  warred  high  in  strife — whether 
Charles  I.  or  Dr.  Gauden  wrote  this  most  interesting  book. 
So  great  indeed  was  the  interest  which  it  excited,  that  47 
editions — 48,000  copies — were  speedily  absorbed  at  home 
and  abroad.  We  have  already  alluded  to  the  vexed  ques 
tion  of  the  authorship  of  this  volume  under  Annesley,  Ar 
thur,  Earl  of  Anglesey,  and  there  referred  the  reader  to 
our  notice  of  Bishop  Gauden, — which  reference  we  repeat. 

Charles  II.,  King  of  England,  1630-1685,— 
"  the  only  genius  of  the  line  of  Stuart,— was  no  author,  unless  wo 
allow  him  to  have  composed  the  two  simple  papers  found  in  his 
strong  box  after  his  death.  Bnt  they  are  universally  supposed  to 
have  been  given  to  him  as  a  compendious  excuse  for  his  embracing 
doctrines  which  he  was  too  idle  to  examine,  too  thoughtless  to  re 
member,  and  too  sensible  to  have  believed  on  reflection."—  WaJr 
pole's  R.  <&N.  Authors. 

Charles  II.  may  still  claim  a  place  in  the  roll  of  authors 
on  the  strength  of  the  song, 

"  I  pass  all  my  days  in  a  shady  old  grove." 

Sir  John  Hawkins  credits  it  to  him,  and  Lord  Orford 

does  not  decide  against  it.     See  Appendix  to  Hawkins's 

History  of  Music,  v.  477;  Park  Walpole's  R.  &  N.  Authors; 

a  list  of  State  Papers,  Letters,  and  Speeches,  pub.  under 

the  name  of  Charles  LL,  in  Watt's  Bibl.  Brit 

370 


Charles,  James  Edward,  "The  Young  Chevalier." 
Narrative  of  the  Chevalier,  Lon.,  1765,  Svo. 

Charles,  Joseph.  History  of  the  Transactions  in 
Scotland,  1715-16,  1745-46,  Sterling,  1817,  2  vols.  Svo. 

Charley  Joseph.  The  Dispersion  of  the  Men  of 
Babel  Considered,  Lon.,  1769,  2  vols.  Svo. 

Charles,  Richard,  Surgeon.  Consumption,  1788,  Svo. 

Charlesworth,  John.  Practical  Serms.  abridged 
rom  various  authors,  Newark,  1788-93, 3  vols.  Svo.  Serms., 
Ac.,  1788-92. 

Charlet,  Arthur,  D.D.,  Master  of  the  University  of 
Oxford.  Letter  relative  to  the  death  of  Anthony  Wood. 
Con.  to  Phil.  Trans.,  1708. 

Charleton,  George.  Astrologomania,  or  the  Mad 
ness  of  Astrologers,  in  answer  to  SIR  C.  HEYDEN,  [q.  v.,  and 
also  CHAMBERS,  GEORGE,]  pub.  by  T.  Vicars,  D.D.,  Lon., 
1624,  4to.  Theolog.  treatises,  1615,  '26. 

Charleton,  Rice,  M.D.     Bath  Waters,  1754,  '70,  '75. 

Charleton,  or  Charlton,  Walter,  M.D.,  1619-1707 
was  educated  at  Magdalen  Hall,  Oxford,  where  he  was 
noted  for  his  attainments  in  logic  and  philosophy.  He 
was  physician  to  Charles  I.,  and  to  Charles  II.  during  his 
exile  and  after  his  Restoration.  In  1689  he  was  chosen 
President  of  the  College  of  Physicians.  He  wrote  and 
compiled  many  learned  professional  and  other  works, 
1650-88,  an  account  of  which  will  be  found  in  Athen.  Oxon. 
Among  the  best  known  of  these  are  the  following:  The 
Darkness  of  Atheism  dispelled  by  the  Light  of  Nature;  a 
Phisico-Theologicall  Treatise,  Lon.,  1655,  4to.  Epicurus 
his  Morals,  collected  out  of  Various  Authors;  with  an 
Apology  for  Epicurus,  1655,  '56,  '70,  4to.  Chorea  Gigan- 
um ;  or,  The  Most  Famous  Antiquity  of  Great  Britain, — 
Stone-Henge, — standing  on  Salisbury  Plain,  referred  to 
the  Danes,  1663,  4to. 

Sir  William  Dugdale  and  many  other  eminent  antiqua 
ries  agreed  with  our  author  in  depriving  the  Romans  of 
the  credit  of  Stone-Henge.  Inigo  Jones  led  the  other 
side.  See  Biog.  Brit.,  and  Athen.  Oxon. 

Two  Philosophical  Discourses ;  the  first  concerning  the 
Wits  of  Men ;  the  second  concerning  the  Mystery  of  Vin- 
ters,  1668,  '75,  '92,  Svo. 

"  This  some  have  thought  a  little  below  the  character  of  our  au 
thor,  and  inferior  to  his  other  writings." 

Yet  there  is  much  merit  in  the  Discourse  of  the  Wits  of 
Men.  Three  Anatomy  Lectures  Concerning,  1.  The  Motion 
of  the  Blood  through  the  veins  and  arteries.  2.  The  Or 
ganic  Structure  of  the  Heart.  3.  The  efficient  cause  of 
the  Heart's  pulsation,  1683,  4to. 

"  It  was  in  these  lectures  that  he  clearly  and  effectively  refuted 
the  pretence  that  Dr.  Harvey  had  borrowed  his  doctrine  of  the 
Circulation  of  the  Blood  from  Father  Paul  of  Venice." — DR.  CAMP 
BELL. 

Charlotte,  Elizabeth.    See  TONNA,  MRS. 

Charlton,  Charles.  Excercitationes  Pathologic®, 
Ac.,  Lon.,  1661,  4to. 

Charlton,  Lionel.  Hist,  of  Whitby  Abbey,  1779, 4to. 

Charlton,  Mary.     Novels,  &c.,  1797-1805. 

Charlton,  Judge  Robert  M.,  of  Savannah,  Georgia, 
d.  1854.  Poems,  Boston,  1838.  Poems,  New  York,  1843. 
The  compositions  of  Judge  C.  have  been  greatly  admired. 

Charlton,  Samuel,  D.D.     Sermon,  1714,  Svo. 

Charlton,  Judge  Thomas,  M.P.,  of  Savannah, 
Georgia.  Reports  and  legal  compilations,  New  York  and 
Savannah,  1817-38. 

Charlton,  Walter.     See  CHARLETON. 

Charnock,  John,  1756-1807,  educated  at  Winchester, 
and  Merton  College,  Oxford.  Biographia  Navalis  :  Lives 
and  Characters  of  British  Naval  Officers,  Lon.,  1794-96, 
6  vols.  Svo.  A  History  of  Marine  Architecture,  1800-02, 
3  vols.  4to.  This  work  should  be  studied  by  all  interested 
in  the  subject.  Life  of  Lord  Nelson,  1806.  Other  publi 
cations. 

Charnock,  Richard.  Legal  Compilations,  1837-45. 
The  Police  Guide,  Lon.,  1841,  Svo. 

Charnock,  Stephen,  1628-1680,  a  celebrated  Non 
conformist  divine,  entered  of  Emanuel  College,  Cain- 
bridge,  removed  to  New  College,  Oxford,  in  1649,  and 
obtained  a  Fellowship  from  the  visitors  appointed  by  Par 
liament.  He  subsequently  preached  for  some  time  in 
Ireland.  Upon  the  Restoration  he  returned  to  London, 
but  was  unwilling  to  conform,  and  preached  in  private 
assemblies  of  the  Nonconformists.  He  pub.  only  one  ser 
mon,  (in  the  Morning  Exercises,)  but  after  his  decease  two 
vols.  were  pub.  by  Adams  and  Veel  from  his  MSS.,  Lon., 
1682,  'S3,  fol.  Works,  Lon.,  1815,  9  vols.  Svo. 

"Gaining  [by  his  preaching]  infinite  love  and  applause  from 
the  brethren,  who  held  him  to  be  a  person  of  excellent  parts,  strong 
reason,  great  judgment,  and  (which  do  not  often  go  together)  cur> 


CHA 


CHA 


cms  fancy.  .  .  .  Such  also  as  did  not  love  his  opinion  did,  notwith 
standing,  commend  him  for  his  learning." — Athen^Oxon. 

"The  sublimeness,  variety,  and  rareness  of  the\truths  handled, 
together  with  the  excellence  of  the  composure,  neatness  of  the 
style,  and  whatever  is  wont  to  make  any  book  desirable,  all  concur 
in  the  recommendation  of  it,  [Charnock  on  the  Attributes.]  It  is 
not  a  book  to  be  played  with  or  slept  over,  but  read  with  the  most 
intense  and  serious  interest." — ADAMS  and  VEEL. 

"  His  thoughts  are  often  in  disorder ;  he  has  no  clear  and  dis 
tinct  idea  in  many  of  the  differences  he  makes." — DR.  DODDRJDGE. 

"  None  of  the  writings  of  Charnock  are  properly  exegetical.  and 
yet  they  contain  a  considerable  portion  of  scriptural  interpretation 
mixed  with  the  most  important  doctrinal  and  practical  views.  His 
style  is  generally  chaste  and  easy ;  remarkably  free  of  that  verbo 
sity  and  clumsiness  which  so  generally  belonged  to  the  writers  of 
his  class  and  period.  I  think  Doddridge  scarcely  does  justice  to 
Charnock— by  representing  his  style  as  incorrect,  and  his  thoughts 
obscure  and  badly  arranged.  Mr.  Toplady,  on  the  contrary,  eulo 
gizes  his  work  on  the  Attributes  in  the  strongest  manner." — ORME 

"  Perspicuity  and  depth ;  metaphysical  sublimity  and  evangelical 
simplicity ;  immense  learning,  but  irrefragable  reasoning,  conspire 
to  render  this  performance  one  of  the  most  inestimable  productions 
that  ever  did  honour  to  the  sanctified  judgment  and  genius  of  a 
human  being." — TOPLADY. 

"  In  Charnock  you  will  find  substantial  divinity,  and  of  the  right 
sort."— Mather's  Student. 

"  Charnock  was  a  deep  divine,  rather  than  an  eloquent  writer. 
He  reasons  well ;  but  the  connecting  links  of  his  chain  are  too 
much  neglected.  His  sentences  have  the  cast  of  independent  pro 
positions.  Too  much  uniformity  of  style  prevails,  and  very  seldom 
any  real  pathos  occurs :  his  sentences  are  also  defective  in  the  collo 
cation  of  the  words;  and  often  the  terms  are  not  well  chosen." — 
DR.  E.  WILLIAMS. 

"  I  have  not  seen  any  author  who  has  exceeded,  probably  no  one 
who  has  equalled,  Charnock  on  the  Existence  and  Attributes  of 
God." — GRIFFITH  WILLIAMS. 

"  The  best  practical  treatise  the  world  ever  saw  in  English  upon 
this  subject. 

"Charnock's  works  are  full  of  force  and  originality." 

"  Mr.  Charnock  with  his  masculine  style  and  inexhaustible  vein 
of  thought." — HERVEY. 

"  A  deep  searching,  often  sublime,  and  powerful  writer." — BICK- 

ERSTETH. 

Calamy  and  Ryland  also  highly  commend  our  author. 

After  giving  so  many  critics  (14)  an  opportunity  of  being 
heard,  we  may  perhaps  be  pardoned  for  giving  our  own 
opinions :  we  have  twice  carefully  studied  every  word  of 
the  Discourses  on  the  Attributes,  and  we  consider  the  work 
one  of  the  greatest  of  uninspired  compositions.  We  ad 
vise  the  reader,  if  he  have  it  not,  to  procure  it  immediately, 
and  read  it  through  once  a  twelvemonth  for  the  rest  of 
his  life. 

Charnock,  Thomas.  The  Breviary  of  Natural  Phi 
losophy  ;  vide  Theat.  Chem.  per  Ashmole.  His  Enigmas ;  ib. 

Charrier,  S.  J.     Chorographical  works,  1781,  &c. 

Charsley,  W.,  M.D.  An  Essay  to  investigate  the 
Cause  of  the  general  Mortality  of  Fevers,  Lon.,  1783,  8vo. 

Charters,  Samuel,  D.D.,  Minister  of  Wilton,  Scot 
land.  Serms.,  Edin.,  1786,  2  vols.  8vo ;  a  new  edit.,  Edin., 
1816,  2  vols.  8vo. 

"  There  is  something  in  all  the  performances  of  Dr.  Charters  that 
forcibly  reminds  us  of  the  moral  essays  of  Lord  Bacon^  The  reader 
•will  find  in  the  Sermons  before  us  a  rich  vein  of  originality  and 
just  observation." — Edin.  Christ.  Instructor. 

Discourse  on  the  duty  of  making  a  Testament.  Lon., 
1794,  8vo. 

Chartham,  Will.  Historiola  de  Vita  Simonis  Sud- 
bury  Archiep.  Cant. ;  vide  Angl.  Sacr.  per  Wharton,  p.  49, 
Lon.,  1691. 

Chase,  Heber,  M.D.  Professional  works,  Phila  ' 
1836,  Ac. 

Chase,  P.  E.     Arithmetical  works,  Phila. 

Chase,  Philander,  D.D.,  Senior  Bishop  of  the  P. 
Episcopal  Church  of  the  United  States,  was  born  at  Corn 
ish,  Connecticut,  in  1775.  He  was  abundant  in  labours, 
indefatigable  in  zeal.  Reminiscences,  New  York,  1844,  2 
vols.  8vo. 

Chase,  Samuel.  Messiah's  Advent,  1815, 8vo.  Anti- 
nomianism  Unmasked,  1819,  8vo. 

<;  Many  good  thoughts.  The  preface  by  Robert  Hall  very  strik 
ing." — BlCKERSTETJI. 

Highly  commended  by  the  Lon.  Christian  Observer. 

Chase,  Stephen,  1813-1851,  a  native  of  Chester,  N. 
H. ;  graduated  at,  and  subsequently  Prof,  of  Mathematics 
in,  Dartmouth  College.  A  Treatise  on  Algebra,  New  York, 
1849,  12mo. 

"  The  terms  of  the  science  are  explained  with  great  clearness, 
and  the  rules  are  given  with  much  precision.  The  work  is  one  of 
undoubted  merit." 

Contributions  to  several  religious  journals. 

Chater,  James.  Grammar  of  the  Cingalese  Lan 
guage,  Colombo,  1815,  8vo. 

Chater,  Thomas.  A  Poetical  Tribute  to  Cowper, 
1800,  8vo. 

Chatfield,  C.  1.  View  of  the  Hist,  of  the  Darker 
Ages.  2.  Teutonic  Antiquities,  Lon.,  1828,  8vo. 


Chatfield,  John.    Triogonal  Sector,  Lon.,  1680, 12mo. 
Chatfield,  Robert.     Historical  view  of  Hindostan, 
Lon.,  1808,  4to. 
Chatham,  Rt.  Hon.  William  Pitt,  Earl  of, 

1708-1778,  was  the  second  son  of  Robert  Pitt  of  Boconnoc, 
in  Cornwall.  After  studying  at  Eton  and  Trinity  Colleges, 
Oxford,  he  obtained  a  cornetcy  in  the  Blues.  In  1736  he 
was  returned  to  Parliament  as  a  member  for  Old  Sarum. 
Here  his  distinguished  abilities  and  powers  of  oratory  soon 
attracted  the  eyes  of  the  nation,  and  gained  him  that  com 
manding  position  which  he  occupied  for  so  many  years  to 
the  glory  of  England  and  the  confusion  of  her  enemies. 
The  name  of  this  great  man  belongs  to  political,  rather 
than  to  literary,  history,  but  we  must  be  allowed  to  linger 
for  a  few  moments  upon  so  suggestive  a  theme.  We  have 
already  given  some  interesting  particulars  connected  with 
Chatham  as  an  orator:  see  BAILEY,  NATHAN;  BAEROW, 
ISAAC.  The  History  of  his  Life,  Lon.,  1783,  8vo.  Anec 
dotes  of  his  Life,  1792,  2  vols.  4to. 

"  A  wretched  publication  of  Almon  the  bookseller — a  mere  tissue 
of  falsehood  and  absurdities."— LOWNDES. 

Letters  written  to  his  nephew,  Thomas  Pitt,  afterwards 
Lord  Camelford,  then  at  Cambridge,  1804, 12mo.  Twenty- 
three  in  number,  and  containing  much  valuable  advice. 
The  Earl's  opinion  of  the  books  recommended  are  inte 
resting  to  the  student.  The  Letters  were  pub.  by  Lord 
Grenville. 

"  What  parent,  anxious  for  the  character  and  success  of  a  son, 
would  not,  in  all  that  related  to  his  education,  gladly  have  re 
sorted  to  the  advice  of  such  a  man?" — LORD  GRENVILLE:  Preface 
to  the  Letters. 

"  Five  speeches  were  written  out  from  notes  taken  on  the  spot 
by  Sir  Philip  Francis  and  Mr.  Hugh  Boyd.  One  of  them  is  said  to 
have  been  revised  by  Lord  Chatham  himself.  ^These  are  the  best 
specimens  we  possess  of  his  style  and  diction;  and  it  would  be 
difficult,  in  the  whole  range  of  our  literature,  to  find  more  perfect 
models  for  the  study  and  imitation  of  the  young  orator." — Good- 
rich.^  Select  British  Eloquence.  N.  York,  1852,  q.  v.  for  eighteen  of 
Chatham's  Speeches,  and  an  admirable  analysis  of  his  eloquence. 

History  of  the  Earl  of  Chatham,  by  the  Rev.  Francis 
Thackeray,  A.M.,  Lon.,  1807,  2  vols.  4to. 

"Biographers,  translators,  editors — all,  in  short,  who  employ 
themselves  in  illustrating  the  lives  or  the  writings  of  others,  are  pe 
culiarly  exposed  to  the  Lues  Boswelliana,  or  disease  of  admiration. 
But  we  scarcely  remember  to  have  seen  a  patient  so  far  gone  in 
this  distemper  as  Mr.  Thackeray."— T.  B.  MACAULAY  :  Edinburgh 
Review,  1834. 

We  must  be  careful  to  avoid  the  "  LUES  BOSWELLIANA  \" 
But  in  our  case  "  there  is  safety  in  numbers." 

The  reader  must  peruse  Thackeray's  quartos,  and  not 
neglect  the  following  valuable  work  : 

Chatham  Papers :  Correspondence ;  from  the  original 
MSS.,  Lon.,  1838-40,  4  vols.  8vo. 

"  There  is  hardly  any  man  in  modern  times,  with  the  exception, 
perhaps,  of  Lord  Somers,  who  fills  so  large  a  space  in  our  history, 
and  of  whom  we  know  so  little,  as  Lord  Chatham ;  and  yet  he  is 
the  person  to  whom  every  one  would  at  once  point,  if  desired  to 
name  the  greatest  statesman  and  orator  that  this  country  ever 
produced.  We  regard  this  work,  then,  as  one  of  the  greatest 
value:  and  hold  the  editors  (of  whom  his  great-grandson  and  per 
sonal  representative  is  one)  to  have  rendered  a  great  service  to  the 
memory  of  their  illustrious  ancestor,  and  to  the  public  interests, 
by  determining  to  keep  back  no  part  of  the  precious  documents 
intrusted  to  their  care." — Edin.  Review. 

"  Never  did  history  offer  more  instructive  lessons  for  present 
guidance  than  are  contained  in  this  Correspondence."— ion.  Lite 
rary  Gazette,. 

"  Lord  Chatham  was  the  most  powerful  orator  that  ever  illus 
trated  and  ruled  the  senate  of  this  empire.  For  nearly  half  a  cen 
tury  he  was  not  merely  the  arbiter  of  the  destinies  of  his  own 
country,  but '  the  foremost  man  in  all  the  world.' " — Lon.  Quarterly 
Review. 

"  Sir,  the  venerable  age  of  this  great  man,  his  merited  rank,  his 
superior  eloquence,  his  splendid  qualities,  his  eminent  services, 
the  vast  space  he  fills  in  the  eyes  of  mankind,  and,  more  than  all 
the  rest,  his  fall  from  power,  which,  like  death,  canonizes  and  sanc 
tifies  a  great  character,  will  not  suffer  me  to  censure  any  part  of 
his  conduct.  I  am  afraid  to  flatter  him ;  I  am  sure  I  am  not  dis 
posed  to  blame  him.  Let  those  who  have  betrayed  him  by  their 
adulation  insult  him  with  their  malevolence." — EDMUND  BURKE: 
Speech  on  American  Taxation,  April  19, 1774. 

"Upon  the  whole,  there  was  in  this  man  something  that  could 
create,  subvert,  or  reform ;  an  understanding,  a  spirit,  and  an  elo- 

;uence  to  summon  mankind  to  society,  or  to  break  the  bonds  of 
avery  asunder,  and  to  rule  the  wilderness  of  free  minds  with  un 
bounded  authority;  something  that  could  establish  or  overwhelm 
empire,  and  strike  a  blow  in  the  world  that  should  resound 
through  its  history." — GRATTAN. 

Chatterton,  JLady.  Rambles  in  the  South  of  Ireland, 
Lon.,  1838,  2  vols.  8vo.  The  Pyrenees,  <fcc.,  1843,  2  vola. 
3vo.  Home  Sketches* and  Foreign  Recollections,  1841, 
3  vols.  8vo  :  see  Dubl.  Univ.  Mag.,  xviii.  12.  Good  Match; 
a  Novel,  1839,  3  vols.  8vo.  Lost  Happiness,  1845.  Life 
and  its  Realities,  1857.  The  Reigning  Beauty,  1858. 

Chatterton,  Thomas,  1752-1780,  a  native  of  Bris 
tol,  was  the  posthumous  son  of  a  schoolmaster.  His  an 
cestors  had  long  held  the  office  of  sexton  of  St.  Mary 

371 


CHA 


CHA 


Redcliflfe,  and  it  was  in  the  muniment  room  of  this  church 
that  he  found  the  materials  which  he  converted  to  the  pur 
poses  of  imposture.  He  was  so  much  indisposed  to  appli 
cation,  that  efforts  to  teach  him  the  alphabet  were  aban 
doned  as  hopeless,  and  he  was  sent  home  to  his  mother. 
When  eight  years  of  age  the  illuminated  capitals  of  an 
old  French  Musical  MS.  attracted  his  attention,  and  his 
mother  taught  him  to  read  from  a  Black-Letter  Testament 
or  Bible.  So  early  did  he  display  a  fondness  for  antiquity  ! 
He  was  then  admitted  to  Colston's  charity  school,  where 
he  remained  until  he  had  passed  his  14th  year.  He  was 
now  apprenticed  to  a  scrivener  of  Bristol,  where  he  had 
but  little  employment,  and  most  of  his  time  was  devoted 
to  the  perusal  of  works  on  antiquities,  heraldry,  and 
foetry,  not  neglecting  history  and  divinity.  Before  his 
12th  year  he  had  produced  some  poetry,  which  evinced 
*onsiderable  talent.  In  1768,  when  the  New  Bridge  at 
Bristol  was  opened,  a  paper  appeared  in  Farley's  Bristol 
Journal,  entitled  "  A  Description  of  the  Fryers  first  pass 
ing  over  the  Old  Bridge,  taken  from  an  Ancient  Manu 
script."  This  excited  much  attention,  and  was  traced  to 
Chatterton,  who  declared  that  this  paper  and  many  other 
MSS.  had  been  found  by  his  father  in  an  old  iron  chest  in 
the  muniment  room  of  the  Church  of  St.  Mary  Redcliflfe. 
He  now  distributed  MSS.  according  to  the  tastes  of  those 
to  whom  he  sent  them.  A  citizen  addicted  to  Heraldry 
was  presented  with  a  pedigree  which  carried  his  name  up 
to  the  Conquest ;  a  religious  gentleman  was  favoured  with  a 
fragment  of  a  sermon,  and  Mr.  Burgum,  an  advocate  of 
the  authenticity  of  the  MSS.,  was  rewarded  by  a  poem  en 
titled  The  Romaunt  of  the  Cnyghte,  written  by  John  de 
Bergham,  an  ancestor,  about  four  hundred  and  fifty  years 
before  !  The  principal  part  of  these  MSS.  Chatterton  dis 
covered — he  said — to  be  the  poetical  compositions  of  W. 
Canynge  (a  distinguished  merchant  of  Bristol  in  the  15th 
century)  and  his  friend,  Thomas  Rowley,  a  monk  or  secu 
lar  priest.  Chatterton  was  emboldened  by  his  success 
with  Barret,  a  surgeon,  then  writing  a  History  of  Bristol, 
Catcott,  and  others,  to  try  his  imposture  upon  Horace  Wai- 
pole,  who  had  sometime  before  completed  his  Anecdotes 
of  Painters.  He  proposed  (by  letter)  to  furnish  him  with  j 
accounts  of  a  series  of  great  painters  who  had  flourished  | 
at  Bristol,  and  transmitted  specimens  of  the  ancient  poetry. 
Mr.  Walpole  submitted  these  to  Gray  and  Mason,  who  im 
mediately  declared  them  to  be  forgeries.  Walpole  advised 
his  correspondent  to  devote  himself  to  the  duties  of  his 
profession  in  future.  The  poems  were  returned  at  Chat- 
terton's  request,  and  he  was  very  indignant  at  his  adviser. 
Walpole  has  been  greatly,  and,  as  we  think,  most  unjustly, 
blamed  for  his  conduct  in  this  affair.  He  drew  up  a  state 
ment  of  the  facts  which  should  satisfy  the  most  captious. 
In  April,  1770,  having  previously  sent  some  antiquarian 
contributions  to  the  Town  and  Country  Magazine,  Chatter- 
ton  arrived  in  London,  and  sought  literary  employment. 
The  young  author — but  seventeen  years  of  age — was 
greatly  encouraged  by  some  engagements  with  which  he 
was  favoured  by  the  booksellers,  and  sent  home  cheering 
letters,  accompanied  with  presents,  to  his  mother  and 
sister.  In  a  short  time,  however,  this  happy  frame  of 
mind  vanished :  he  became  despondent,  seems  to  have  lost 
all  hopes  of  prosperity,  and  was  found  dead  in  his  bed, 
August  25,  (four  months  after  his  arrival  in  London,)  from 
the  effects — as  was  supposed — of  a  dose  of  arsenic.  There  j 
has  been  much  controversy  wasted  respecting  the  causes  ; 
which  led  to  this  sad  event  The  oft-repeated  complaint 
that  he  was  suffered  to  perish  from  want  of  the  necessaries 
of  life,  is  altogether  erroneous.  It  is  true  that  he  had  not 
«aten  any  thing  for  two  or  three  days  before  his  death  ; 
but  it  is  also  true  that  he  refused  with  indignation  Mrs. 
Angel's  (his  landlady)  invitation  to  participate  in  her 
dinner,  declaring  that  he  was  not  hungry  ;  and  it  is  also 
true  that  Mr.  Hamilton  supplied  him  with  money  a  short 
time  before  his  rash  act,  and  invited  him  to  apply  to  him 
when  again  in  need.  The  solution  of  the  mystery  attend- 
s  melancholy  end  is  to  us  very  plain  :  if  any  man 
was  ever  insane,  Thomas  Chatterton  was.  If  any  one 
doubt  this,  let  him  read  his  Last  Will  and  Testament, 
penned  before  he  left  Bristol.  We  might  say  more  upon 
this  subject,  but  our  limits  forbid  excursions.  That  in 
sanity  was  in  the  family— developed  in  his  own  sister  in 
deed—is  no  secret.  At  the  time  of  Chatterton's  death  he 
was  aged  17  years,  9  months,  and  a  few  days. 

Of  these  celebrated  Poems  the  principal  are  The  Tra 
gedy  of  Ella,  The  Execution  of  Sir  Charles  Bawdin  Ode 
to  Ella,  The  Battle  of  Hastings,  The  Tournament,  One  or 
Two  Dialogues,  and  a  Description  of  Cannynge's  Feast. 
See  a  notice  of  these  in  Warton's  History  of  English 
372 


Poetry.  They  were  pub.  by  Thomas  Tyrwhitt,  in  1777, 
8vo,  and  an  animated  controversy  as  to  their  authenticity 
sprang  up  and  raged  for  a  long  period.  See  list  of  publi 
cations  in  Lowndes's  Bibl.  Manual,  and  the  dissertations 
of  Warton,  Campbell,  Mathias,  Gregory,  Southey,  &c.  A 
second  edit.,  8vo,  appeared  in  the  same  year,  (1777  :)  the 
3d,  in  1778,  8vo;  and  a  splendid  4to  in  1782,  with  a  Com 
mentary,  in  which  the  Antiquity  of  them  is  considered 
and  defended,  by  Jeremiah  Milles,  D.D.  A  more  complete 
edit,  was  pub.  in  1803,  3  vols.  8vo,  edited  by  Southey  and 
Cottle,  (with  a  review  by  the  former  of  the  Rowley  Con 
troversy,)  and  a  Life  by  Gregory.  Another  edit,  of  Chat 
terton's  works  was  pub.  by  H.  G.  Bohn,  in  1842,  2  vols. 
p.  8vo,  containing  a  Life,  the  Controversy,  <fcc.  To  these 
volumes  the  reader  should  add  the  Life  of  Chatterton  by 
John  DSx,  author  of  Lays  of  Home,  Local  Legends,  <fcc., 
Lon.,  1837,  fp.  Svo;  new  ed.  1851.  This  volume  contains 
the  poet's  unpublished  Poems  and  Correspondence. 

"  Mr.  Dix  has  most  consistently  come  forward  as  the  biographer 
of  Chatterton.  Himself  a  poet,  he  has  successfully  endeavoured 
to  renew  an  interest  in  the  fate  of  one  of  England's  greatest, 
though  most  unfortunate,  bards." — Lon.  Literary  Gazette.. 

'"This  volume  contains  all  that  can  be  desired  to  be  known  re 
specting  Chatterton.'' — Lon.  Eclectic  ./.'mew. 

"  Mr.  Dix  has.  in  addition  to  what  was  before  known,  gathered 
up  '  all  the  fragments.'  Ilis  biography  is  heart-touching." — LEIGH 

"  The  best  Life  of  Chatterton." — Tfie  Symposium. 

The  genius  of  Chatterton  was  of  the  very  first  order,  and 
under  the  guidance  of  sound  principles,  and  a  well-regulated 
mind,  would  have  added  greatly  to  the  poetical  treasures 
— so  rich  and  so  abundant — of  the  English  tongue. 

"This  youth  was  a  prodigy  of  genius;  and  would  have  proved 
the  first  of  English  poets  had  he  reached  a  mature  age." — THOMAS 
WARTON. 

'•  Chatterton's  was  a  genius  like  that  of  Homer  and  Shakspeare, 
which  appears  not  above  once  in  many  centuries." — VICESIMUS 
KNOX. 

"  The  inequality  of  Chatterton's  various  productions  may  be 
compared  to  the  disproportions  of  the  ungrown  giant.  His  works 
had  nothing  of  the  definite  neatness  of  that  precocious  talent 
•which  stops  short  in  early  maturity.  His  thirst  for  knowledge 
was  that  of  a  being  taught  by  instinct  to  lay  up  materials  for  the 
exercise  of  great  and  undeveloped  powers.  ...  No  English  poet 
ever  equalled  him  at  the  same  age.  Tasso  alone  can  be  compared 
to  him  as  a  juvenile  prodigy."— THOMAS  CAMPBELL. 

"The  poems  of  Chatterton  may  be  divided  into  two  grand 
classes — those  ascribed  to  Kowley,  and  those  which  the  bard  of 
Bristol  avowed  to  be  his  own  composition.  Of  these  classes  the 
former  is  incalculably  superior  to  the  latter  in  poetical  powers 
and  diction." — SIR  WALTER  SCOTT. 

"  Nothing  in  Chatterton  can  be  separated  from  Chatterton.  His 
noblest  flight,  bis  sweetest  strains,  his  grossest  ribaldry,  and  his 
most  common-place  imitations  of  the  productions  of  magazines, 
were  all  the  effervescences  of  the  same  ungovernable  impulse, 
which,  chameleon-like,  imbibed  the  colours  of  all  it  looked  on.  It 
was  Ossian,  or  a  Saxon  monk,  or  Gray,  or  Smollett,  or  Junius; 
and  if  it  failed  most  in  what  it  most  affected  to  be. — a  poet  of  the 
fifteenth  century, — it  was  because  it  could  not  imitate  what  had 
not  existed." — HORACE  WALPOLE. 

Warton  well  sums  up  the  question  of  the  authenticity 
of  the  Rowley  poems  by  demonstrating  that 

"  However  extraordinary  it  was  for  Chatterton  to  produce  them 
in  the  18th  century,  it  was  impossible  that  Kowley  could  have 
written  them  in  the  fifteenth." 

He  also  remarks : 

"  It  will  be  asked,  For  what  end  or  purpose  did  he  contrive  such 
an  imposture?  I  answer,  from  lucrative  views;  or  perhaps  from 
the  pleasure  of  deceiving  the  world,  a  motive  which,  in  many 
minds,  operates  more  powerfully  than  the  hopes  of  gain.  He  pro 
bably  promised  to  himself  greater  emoluments  from  this  indirect 
mode  of  exercising  his  abilities:  or  he  might  have  sacrificed  even 
the  vanity  of  appearing  in  the  character  of  an  applauded  original 
author,  to  the  private  enjoyment  of  the  success  of  his  invention 
and  dexterity." — History  of  English  Poetry. 

"  Nothing  can  be  more  extraordinary  than  the  delight  which 
Chatterton  appears  to  have  felt  in  executing  these  numberless 
and  multifarious  impositions.  His  ruling  passion  was  not  the 
vanity  of  a  poet  who  depends  upon  the  opinion  of  others  for  its 
gratification,  but  the  stoical  pride  of  talent,  which  felt  nourish 
ment  in  the  solitary  contemplation  of  superiority  over  the  dupes 
who  fell  into  his  toils." — SIR  WALTER  SCOTT. 

As  the  Rowley  controversy  was  one  of  the  most  interest 
ing  and  animated  in  the  History  of  English  Literature,  we 
present  (from  the  St.  James's  Chronicle  of  the  time)  a  list 
of  the  partisans  on  each  side.  This  will  correct  the  mis 
apprehension  that  on  their  first  publication  the  forgeries 
of  Chatterton  enlisted  many  advocates. 

Indeed,  considering  the  philological  obstruction  to  cre 
dence,  it  is  not  a  little  remarkable  that  such  scholars  as 
Jacob  Bryant  and  Dean  Milles  could  allow  themselves 
to  be  so  grossly  deceived,  even  for  an  instant.  That  when 
once  committed,  they  should  perversely  adhere  to  their 
judgment,  and  refuse  to  encourage  any  doubts  suggested 
by  the  skeptical,  is  most  natural.  To  be  strictly  impartial 
in  judgment,  especially  where  personal  reputation  is  at 
stake,  hardly  belongs  to  man. 


CHA 


Rowleians. 
JACOB  BRYANT, 
DEAN  MILLES, 
DR.  GLYNN, 
MR.  HENLEY, 
MONTHLY    REVIEW,   WHILE 

UNDER  LANGHORN, 
E.  B.  GKEENB. 


Anti-Rowleiane. 
MR.  TYRWHITT, 
HORACE  WALPOLE, 
DR.  WARTON, 
MR.  THOMAS  WARTON, 
DR.  JOHNSON, 
MR.  STEEVENS, 
BISHOP  PERCY, 
EDMUND  MALONE, 
EDWARD  GIBBON, 
MR.  JONES, 
DR.  FARMER, 
MR.  COLMAN, 
MR.  SHERIDAN, 
DR.  LORT, 
MR.  ASTLE, 
MR.  CROFT, 
MR.  HAYLEY, 
LORD  CAMDEN, 
MR.  GOUGH, 
MR.  MASON, 
MR.  KNOX, 
MR.  BADCOCK, 
CRITICAL  REVIEW, 
GENTLEMAN'S  MAGAZINE. 
"I  thought  of  CHATTERTON,  the  marvellous  boy, 
The  sleepless  soul  that  perished  in  his  pride!" 

WORDSWORTH. 

Chatto,  Wm.  Andrew.  A  Treatise  on  Wood  En 
graving,  Historical  and  Practical,  with  upwards  of  300  il 
lustrations  on  wood,  by  John  Jackson,  Lon.,  1839,  r.  8vo ; 
and  1849.  Facts  and  Speculations  on  the  Origin  and  His 
tory  of  Playing  Cards,  with  numerous  engravings  from 
copper,  stone,  and  wood,  both  plain  and  coloured,  1848, 
8vo. 

"  A  perfect  fund  of  antiquarian  research,  and  most  interesting 
even  to  persons  who  never  play  at  cards." — Taiffs  Edinburgh 
Magazine. 

"  The  e-ntire  production  deserves  our  warmest  approbation." — 
Lon.  Literary  Gazette. 

"  A  curious,  entertaining,  and  really  learned  book." — London 
Rambler. 

Chaucer,  Geoffrey,  1328P-1400,  "The  Father  of 
English  Poetry,"  was  a  native  of  London.  His  parentage 
and  early  life  are  involved  in  great  obscurity,  and  the 
honour  of  his  education  is  claimed  by  both  Universities : 
therefore  as  an  amicable  adjustment  of  the  controversy, 
an  ingenious  theory  presumes  him  to  have  resided  al 
ternately  at  Oxford  and  Cambridge.  Chaucer  was  a  great 
favourite  at  the  court  of  Edward  III.,  and  a  devoted  ad 
herent  to  the  celebrated  John  of  Gaunt,  Duke  of  Lancaster, 
whose  sister-in-law,  (she  became  so  subsequently,)  Phi- 
lippa  de  Rouet,  accepted  the  offer  of  his  hand.  By  this 
connexion  the  poet  became  linked  with  the  good  or  ill  for 
tune  which  might  attach  to  greatness.  Even  this  generally 
received  narrative  has  been  doubted  by  some  critics.  It 
will  however  be  easily  believed  that  in  this  season  of  court 
ship  he  composed  The  Parliament  of  Birds.  In  1356  we 
find  Chaucer  bearing  arms  in  the  expedition  of  Edward  III. 
against  France.  For  some  time  he  was  held  as  a  prisoner 
of  war  by  the  enemy.  In  1367  he  was  allowed  an  annual 
pension  of  twenty  marks,  (say  £240,)  and  in  1373  was  em 
ployed  in  an  embassy  to  Genoa  on  affairs  of  State.  A  year, 
later  than  this  he  was  appointed  comptroller  of  the  customs 
of  wool,  <&c.  It  was  during  this  visit  to  Italy  (he  had  be 
fore  travelled  on  the  Continent)  that  he  enjoyed  some  de 
lightful  converse  with  Petrarch,  to  which  he  alludes  in  the 
Prologue  to  the  Clerke's  Tale : 

"  I  wol  you  tell  a  tale,  which  that  I 
Learned  at  Padowe  of  a  worthy  clerk, 
As  preved  by  his  wordes  and  his  werk; 
Fraunceis  Petrark,  the  laureat  poete, 
Highte  this  clerk  whos  rhetorike  swete 
Enlumined  all  Itaille  of  poetrie, 
As  Lynyan  did  of  philosophic,"  &c. 

Mr.  Tyrwhitt  is  inclined  to  doubt  this  meeting  of  the 
poets,  but  De  Sade  promised  to  prove  its  occurrence.  He 
died  before  he  had  fulfilled  his  pledge.  Four  years  before 
this  acquaintance,  Chaucer  had  added  to  the  evidences  of 
his  own  poetical  talents  by  the  lament  for  the  death  of 
Blanche,  Duchess  of  Lancaster,  entitled  The  Booke  of  the 
Dutchesse.  In  the  early  part  of  the  reign  of  Richard  II. 
our  poet  became  involved  in  the  political  and  religious 
troubles  of  the  day,  espousing  the  cause  of  John  Comber- 
ton,  (John  de  Northampton,)  a  warm  champion  of  the  doc 
trines  of  Wickliffe.  Comberton  was  imprisoned,  while 
Chaucer  escaped  the  same  fate  by  a  precipitate  flight  to  the 
Continent.  Of  course  he  lost  his  place  in  the  customs. 
He  was  so  imprudent  as  to  return  to  London  in  a  short 
period;  was  committed  to  the  Tower,  and  only  released  by 


CHA 

disclosing  the  names  and  projects  of  his  late  associates. 
For  this  breach  of  confidence,  he  subsequently  experienced 
great  remorse,  and  composed  his  Testament  of  Love,  in 
which  he  complains  of  the  change  of  his  fortunes,  and  of 
the  disgrace  in  which  his  conduct  had  involved  him. 

In  1386  he  was  elected  Knight  of  the  Shire  for  Kent, 
and  the  rise  of  his  fortunes  was  accelerated  by  the  return 
of  the  Duke  of  Lancaster  from  Spain  in  1389.  In  this 
year  the  poet  was  made  clerk  of  the  works  at  Westminster, 
and  in  the  next  year  at  Windsor  and  other  palaces.  Other 

E  roofs  of  regard  were  bestowed  by  the  king,  (and  also  by 
is  successor  Henry  IV.,  son  of  his  patron,  the  Duke  of 
Lancaster,)  and  with  his  annual  pipe  of  wine  and  his  hand 
some  pension,  the  poet  felt  himself  sufficiently  at  ease  to 
compose  those  famous  Canterbury  Tales  which  will  carry 
his  name  to  the  remotest  posterity.  His  experience  of  the 
world  had  taught  him  the  value  of  retirement,  and  it  does 
not  appear  that  the  prosperity  of  the  grea.t  House  to  which 
he  had  ever  been  a  devoted  adherent  induced  him  to  ex 
change  the  quietude  of  his  rural  walks  and  meditations  for 
the  splendour  and  excitements  of  a  brilliant  Court.  The 
necessity  of  arranging  some  business  concerns  drew  him 
to  London  for  a  few  days,  where  fatigue  brought  on  an  ill 
ness  with  which  his  advanced  age  was  unable  to  cope. 

"  He  was  buried  in  the  Abbey  of  Westminster  before  the  chapel 
of  St.  Bennet;  by  whose  sepulchre  is  written  on  a  table  hanging 
on  a  pillar  his  epitaph  made  by  a  poet  laureate."— CAXTOX,  in  hit 
edit,  of  Chaucer's  trans,  of  Boethius. 

Chaucer  was  a  voluminous  writer.  In  addition  to  his 
minor  poems,  and  his  prose  compositions,  of  which  the 
Testament  of  Love  and  two  of  the  Canterbury  Tales  are 
the  principal,  he  was  the  author  of  the  following  poetical 
works : 

1.  THE  CANTERBURY  TALES,  extending  to  above  17,000 

lines,(exclusive  of  the  doubtful  portion  and  the  prose.) 

2.  THE  ROMAUNT  OP  THE  ROSE,  a  translation  from  the 

French  of  William  de  Lorris;  and  of  a  portion  of 
Meun's  continuation,  of  which  there  are  nearly  8,000 
lines. 

3.  TROILUS  AND  CRESEIDE,  5  Books. 

4.  THE  COURT  OF  LOVE. 

5.  THE  COMPLAINT  OF  PITIE. 

6.  OF  QUEEN  ARMELIDE  AND  FALSE  ARCITE. 

7.  THE  ASSEMBLY  OF  FOULES. 

8.  THE  COMPLAINT  OF  THE  BLACK  NIGHT. 

9.  CHAUCER'S  A.  B.  C. 

10.  THE  BOOKE  OF  THE  DUTCHESSE. 

11.  THE  HOUSE  OF  FAME,  3  Books. 

12.  CHAUCER'S  DREAM. 

13.  THE  FLOWER  AND  THE  LEAF. 

14.  THE  LEGEND  OF  GOOD  WOMEN,  9  Examples. 

15.  THE  COMPLAINT  OF  MARS  AND  VENUS. 

16.  OF  THE  CUCKOW  AND  THE  NIGHTINGALE. 

Of  these  compositions  the  Canterbury  Tales  is  much  the 
best  known.  The  plot  is  doubtless  taken  from  the  Deca 
meron  of  Boccaccio.  A  company  of  pilgrims,  twenty-nine 
in  number,  on  their  way  to  the  shrine  of  Thomas  a  Becket, 
at  Canterbury,  pass  the  night  at  the  Tabard  Inn  at  South- 
wark,  where  they  make  the  acquaintance  of  our  poet,  the 
narrator,  who  promised  to  bear  them  company,  their  des 
tination  being  the  same  as  his  own : 

«  Befelle,  that  in  that  season  on  a  day, 
In  Southwark  at  the  Tabard  as  I  lay, 
P.edy  to  wenden  on  my  pilgrimage 
To  Canterbury  with  devoute  corage, 
At  night  was  come  into  that  hostelrfe 
Wei  nine  and  twenty  in  a  compagnie 
Of  sundry  folk.  .  .  . 

And  shortly,  when  the  sun  was  gon  to  reste, 
So  hadde  I  spoken  with  hem  everich  on, 
That  I  was  of  hir  felawship  anon 
And  made  forword  early  for  to  rise, 
To  take  oure  way  ther  as  I  you  devise." 
The  Host  of  the  Tabard  offers  to  accompany  the  party, 
and  suggests  to  them  that  they  should  divert  each  other 
with  entertaining  stories,  and  that  on  their  return, 
"  Which  of  you  that  bereth  him  best  of  alle, 
That  is  to'syan,  that  telleth  in  this  cas 
Tales  of  best  sentence  and  most  solas, 
Shal  have  a  souper  at  youre  aller  cost." 

The  proposition  was  joyfully  accepted,  the  tales  were 
told ;  and  truly,  however  much  there  may  have  been  of 
pilgrimage,  there  was  but  little  of  penance,  in  that  merry 
journeying!  About  seventy-five  years  after  the  death  of 
this  great  poet,  Caxton,  the  first  English  printer,  pub.  The 
Book  of  the  Tales  of  Cauntyrburye,  without  date;  sup 
posed  to  have  been  printed  about  1475.  Only  two  perfect 
copies  of  this  edition  are  known, — one  in  the  Library  of 
George  III.  in  the  British  Museum ;  the  other  in  Merton 
College.  The  first  edition  of  the  entire  works  of  Chaucei 

373 


CHA 


CHA 


(with  the  exception  of  the  Ploughman's  Tale,  which  was 
first  printed  in  the  edition  of  1542)  was  pub.  by  Thomas 
Godfrey,  Lon.,  1532,  fol.  See  particulars  of  early  editions 
in  Dibdin's  Typographical  Antiquities,  and  Lowndes's  Bibl. 
Manual.  The  edit,  of  1721,  fol.,  has  a  Glossary  and  a  Life 
by  Urry.  By  far  the  best  edition  of  the  Canterbury  Tales 
is  by  Thomas  Tyrwhitt,  who  prefixed  to  them  an  Essay  on 
Chaucer's  Language  and  Versification,  and  an  Introductory 
Discourse,  which,  with  the  learned  Notes  and  Glossary,  add 
much  to  the  value  of  the  work.  Tyrwhitt's  first  edit,  was 
pub.  Lon.,  1775,  '78,  5  vols.  8vo;  2d  edit.,  Oxf.,  1798,  2  vols. 
4to.  In  the  impression  of  1822  the  Glossary  is  under  an 
alphabet,  and  the  general  arrangement  is  improved. .  The 
reader  should  procure  Mr.  Moxon's  beautiful  edit,  of  the 
Poetical  Works  of  Chaucer,  (which  includes  Tyrwhitt's 
Essay,  Ac.,)  last  impression  1852,  r.  8vo.  The  following 
works  should  not  be  neglected  : 

Todd's  Illustrations  of  the  Lives  and  Writings  of  Gower 
and  Chaucer,  Lon.,  1810,  8vo. 

"  A  curious  work,  displaying  great  industry  of  investigation. 
Mr.  Todd's  researches  into  English  literature  have  been  equalled 
by  few  of  our  lexicographers  or  commentators." 

Godwin's  Life  of  Chaucer,  Lon.,  1803,  2  vols.  4to. 
"  Considerable  praise  is  due  to  Mr.  Godwin  for  the  comments  on 
the  works  of  our  bard,  which  occur  in  these  volumes." — Edin.  Rev. 
An  8vo  vol.  entitled  Chaucer's  Poems  Modernized,  by 
Wordsworth,  R.  H.  Home,  Leigh  Hunt,  and  others,  has 
been  highly  commended,  and  an  English  critic  declares  that 
"  Too  much  applause  cannot  be  bestowed  upon  the  projection  and 
execution  of  this  design." 

But  we  confess  that  we  have  no  taste  for  these  rehashes 
of  ancient  delicacies.  Their  tendency  is  to  increase  read 
ing  at  the  expense  of  knowledge.  What  will  a  reader  of  a 
modern  Chaucer  know  of  glorious  old  "  Geffary  Chaucer," 
who  wrote  "dyuers  Workes  which  were  neuer  in  Print  be 
fore?"  See  Godfrey's  edition;  the  first,  1532,  fol. 

If  any  man  or  woman  will  not  take  the  trifling  trouble 
which  is  necessary  to  understand  Chaucer's  antique  ortho 
graphy, — let  them  be  ignorant.  The  last  "  Minerva"  novel 
will  prove  metal  more  attractive  to  such  painstaking  "stu 
dents  of  English  Literature." 

Mr.  Saunders  pub.  a  vol.  in  1845,  entitled  Chaucer's  Can 
terbury  Tales  Explained,  and  rendered  more  intelligible 
with  the  help  of  modern  prose.  This  work  treats  of  Gaelic 
construction,  and  other  matters  connected  with  antique 
spelling.  Charles  Cowden  Clarke  has  given  to  the  world 
Tales  from  Chaucer  in  prose,  in  imitation  of  Lamb's  Tales 
from  Shakspeare;  also  a  vol.  entitled  The  Riches  of  Chau 
cer,  1839,  8vo.  There  is  also  a  Life  by  Singer,  and  one  by 
Nicolas. 

It  will  be  proper  to  gratify  the  reader  with  some  quota 
tions  from  ancient  and  modern  critics  referring  to  the  merits 
of  the  Father  of  English  Poetry: 
"  And  upon  hys  imaginacyon 
He  made  also  the  Tales  of  Canterbury, 
Some  vertuous,  and  some  glad  and  merry, 
And  many  other  bokes,  doubtless, 
He  dyd  compyle,  whose  godly  name 
In  printed  bokes  doth  remayne  in  feme." 

HAWES:  Pastime  of  Pleasure,  c.  14. 
"  Yet  what  a  time  hath  he  wrested  from  time, 
And  won  upon  the  mightie  waste  of  daies, 
Unto  the  immortal  honour  of  our  clime, 
That  by  his  means  came  first  adorned  with  bayes: 
Unto  the  sacred  relickes  of  whose  rime 
We  yet  are  bound  in  zeal  to  offer  praise." 

DANIEL:  Musophilus. 

The  usual  titles  by  which  Chaucer  was  complimented  by 
his  contemporaries  were  "The  Chief  Poete  of  Britanie," 
"  The  Flour  of  Poetes,"  Ac. 

"  Maister  Chaucer,  that  nobly  enterprysed 
How  that  our  englysshe  myght  fresshly  be  enued." 

SKELTON  :  Garlande  of  Laurelle. 

"  So  wise  a  man  as  our  Chaucer  is  esteemed."— MILTON. 
Among  the  warmest  admirers  of  Chaucer  in  earlier  days 
may  be  mentioned  Gawin  Douglass,  Bishop  of  Dunkeld, 
Caxton,  William  Botteville,  Leland,  the  great  antiquary 
who  honoured  his  memory  with  three  copies  of  verses; 
Roger  Ascham,  Sir  Philip  Sydney,  Speght,  Stowe,  John 
Fox,  Camden,  Sir  Henry  Savile,  the  illustrious  Selden,  Sir 
Francis  Kynaston,  Ac.  In  his  close  imitation  of  Chaucer 
in  his  Temple  of  Fame,  Pope  has  paid  him  the  highest  of 
compliments.  The  learned  Dr.  Skinner  complains  that 

"  The  poet  Chaucer  set  the  worst  example,  who  by  bringing  whole 
ihoals  of  French  words  into  our  language,  which  was  but  too  much 
adulterated  before,  through  the  effects  of  the  Norman  Conquest    ' 
deprived  it  almost  wholly  of  its  native  grace  and  splendour  laying  i 
on  paint  over  its  pure  complexion,  and,  for  a  beautiful  face,  substi-  i 
tuted  a  downright  mask."—  Trans,  from  Vie  Latin  original.    See 
Biog.  Brit. 

This  charge  is  summarily  disposed  of  by  Mr.  Tyrwhitt 
in  his  Essay  on  the  Language  and  Versification  of  Chaucer  : 


"  I  cannot  help  observing  from  a  contemporary  Historian,  that, 
several  years  before  that  great  event,  [the  Isorman  Conquest.]  the 
language  of  France  had  been  introduced  into  the  Court  of  England, 
and  from  thence  among  the  people." 

After  proceeding  with  an  exposition  of  this  statement, 
Mr.  Tyrwhitt  remarks : 

"From  what  has  been  said  I  think  we  may  fairly  conclude,  that 
the  English  language  must  have  imbibed  a  strong  tincture  of  the 
French,  long  before  the  age  of  Chaucer,  and  consequently  that  he 
ought  not  to  be  charged  as  the  importer  of  words  and  phrases 
which  he  only  used  after  the  example  of  his  predecessors,  and  in 
common  with  his  contemporaries.  This  was  the  real  fact,  and  is 
capable  of  being  demonstrated  to  any  one,  who  will  take  the  trouble 
of  comparing  the  writings  of  Chaucer  with  those  of  liobert  of 
Gloucester  and  Kobert  of  Brunne  who  both  lived  before  him,  and 
with  those  of  Sir  John  Mandeville  and  Wicliff  who  lived  at  the 
same  time  with  him." 

The  censures  of  Verstegan  and  Skinner  are  thus  rebuked. 
Mr.  Tyrwhitt  also  contends  that  the  verse  in  which  the 
Canterbury  Tales  are  written,  although  apparently  irregu 
lar,  is  in  fact  as  correctly  rhythmical  as  the  verse  now  used. 
We  do  not  now  pronounce  the  final  e  in  many  words  in 
which  it  was  sounded  in  Chaucer's  time.  This  of  itself  is 
an  important  item  in  the  consideration  how  far  Chaucer  is 
to  be  censured  for  irregularities  in  rhythm.  The  following 
remarks  of  Mr.  Tyrwhitt  are  entitled  to  great  weight : 

"In  discussing  this  question  we  should  always  have  in  mind, 
that  the  correctness  and  harmony  of  an  English  verse  depends  en 
tirely  upon  its  being  composed  of  a  certain  number  of  syllables, 
and  its  having  the  accents  of  those  syllables  properly  placed.  In 
order,  therefore,  to  form  any  judgment  of  the  Versification  of 
Chaucer,  it  is  necessary  that  we  should  know  the  syllabical  value, 
if  I  may  use  the  expression,  of  his  words,  and  the  accentual  value 
of  his  syllables,  as  they  were  commonly  pronounced  in  his  time; 
for  without  that  knowledge,  it  is  not  more  probable  that  we  should 
determine  justly  upon  the  exactness  of  bis  metres,  than  that  we 
should  be  able  to  cast  up  rightly  an  account  stated  in  coins  of  a 
former  age,  of  whose  correct  rate  and  determination  we  are  totally 
ignorant.*" 

We  commend  these  observations  to  some  of  our  modern 
index-critics. 

Dryden's  comment  is  perfectly  correct: 

"  The  verse  of  Chaucer,  I  confess  is  not  harmonious  to  us;  they 
who  lived  with  him,  and  some  time  after  him,  thought  it  musi 
cal,  &c." 

And  the  reason  is  perfectly  obvious;  but  we  do  not  won 
der  that  Dryden  refused  to  believe  all  that  Speght  claimed 
for  Chaucer's  versification.  Mr.  Tyrwhitt's  theory  (which 
was  that  of  Gray,  also)  was  generally  concurred  in  until 
the  appearance  of  Dr.  Nott's  edition  of  the  poems  of  Sur 
rey  and  Wyatt.  Many  considered  that  Doctor  N.  had  de 
monstrated  the  arguments  of  the  former  to  be  erroneous. 
But  we  have  already  lingered  sufficiently  long  upon  a 
hydra-headed  subject,  and  the  reader  must  pursue  the  in 
vestigation  by  a  reference  to  the  authorities  cited,  and  to 
Mr.  Hallam's  Literary  History  of  Europe.  Mr.  Warton's 
illustrations  in  the  following  lines  are  well  worthy  of  quo 
tation  : 

"I  consider  Chaucer  as  a  genial  day  in  an  English  spring.  A 
brilliant  sun  enlivens  the  face  of  nature  with  an  unusual  lustre: 
the  sudden  appearance  of  cloudless  skies,  and  the  unexpected 
warmth  of  a  tepid  atmosphere,  after  the  gloom  and  the  inclemencies 
of  a  tedious  winter,  fill  our  hearts  with  the  visionary  prospect  of  a 
speedy  summer;  and  we  fondly  anticipate  a  long  continuance  of 
gentle  gales  and  vernal  serenity.  But  winter  returns  with  redou 
bled  horrors:  the  clouds  condense  more  formidably  than  before; 
and  those  tender  buds  and  early  blossoms,  which  were  called  forth 
by  the  transient  gleam  of  a  temporary  sunshine,  are  nipped  by  frosts, 
and  torn  by  tempests." — THOS.  WARTON:  History  of  Eng.  Poetry. 

Dr.  Joseph  Warton,  in  his  Essay  on  the  Writings  and 
Genius  of  Pope,  remarks  that  Chaucer  excels  as  much  in 
the  pathetic  and  sublime  as  he  does  in  his  manner  of  treat 
ing  light  and  ridiculous  subjects. 

"  I  take  unceasing  delight  in  Chaucer.  His  manly  cheerfulness 
is  especially  delicious  to  me  in  my  old  age.  How  exquisitely  ten 
der  he  is,  yet  how  perfectly  free  from  the  least  touch  of  sickly 
melancholy,  or  morbid  drooping."— S.  T.  COLERIDGE;  and  see  Hip- 
pisley's  Early  English  Literature. 

Mr.  Campbell  concludes  his  essay  upon  Chaucer  with  a 
remark  which  the  admirer  of  the  poet  will  fully  confirm : 

"  After  four  hundred  years  have  closed  over  the  mirthful  features 
which  formed  the  living  originals  of  the  poet's  descriptions,  [in  the 
Canterbury  Tales.]  his  pages  impress  the  fancy  with  the  momentary 
credence  that  they  are  still  alive;  as  if  Time  had  rebuilt  his  ruins, 
and  were  reacting  the  last  scenes  of  existence." — Essay  on  English 
Poetry. 

"In  elocution  and  elegance,  in  harmony  and  perspicuity  of  ver 
sification,  Chaucer  surpasses  his  predecessors  in  an  infinite  propor 
tion  ;  his  genius  was  universal,  and  adapted  to  themes  of  unbounded 
variety;  and  his  merit  was  not  less  in  painting  familiar  manners 
with  humour  and  propriety,  than  in  moving  the  passions,  and  re 
presenting  the  beautiful  or  grand  objects  of  nature,  with  grace  and 
sublimity." — THOS.  WARTON. 

Like  many  others  who  have  given  their  thoughts  to  the 
world,  without  an  ever-present,  proper  sense  of  moral  re 
sponsibility,  Chaucer  in  his  last  hours  bitterly  bewailed 
some  too  well-remembered  lines,  "  which  dying"  he  vainly 


CHA 

wished  "to  blot."     "Wo  is  me,  wo  is  me,"  he  exclaimed 
in  that  solemn  hour,  "  that  I  cannot  recall  and  annul  those 
things  which  I  have  written  :  but  alas  !  they  are  now  con 
tinued  from  man  to  man,  and  I  cannot  do  what  I  desire !" 
One  thing,  however,  he  could  do :  from  the  depths  of  his 
sincere  repentance  and  hearty  contrition,  he  could  send 
forth  a  warning  voice  to  his  fellow-men,  urging  them  to  a 
submissive  endurance  of  earthly  trials,  and  a  constant  re 
ference  in  their  actions  to  that  enduring  habitation  which 
the  Judge  of  all  the  earth  hath  prepared  for  them  who  "  by 
patient  continuance  in  well-doing,  look  for  glory,  honour, 
and  immortality."     To  these  wholesome  meditations  of  the 
dying  poet,  we  owe  the  "  Good  Counsail"  of  Chaucer,  by 
the  quotation  of  the  conclusion  of  which  we  shall  help  to 
promote  the  design  of  the  author,  and  perhaps  confer  no 
inconsiderable  benefit  upon  some  thoughtless  reader : 
"  That  thee  is  sent  receive  in  buxomnesse. 
The  wrestling  of  this  world  asketh  a  fall, 
Here  is  no  home,  here  is  but  wildernesse, 
Forth,  pilgrime!  forth,  beast,  out  of  thy  stall! 
Looke  up  on  high,  and  thanke  God  of  all! 
Weive  thy  lusts,  and  let  thy  ghost  thee  lede, 
And  trouth  thee  shall  deliver,  it  is  no  drede." 

Chauchard, Captain.  Map  of  Germany, Ac.,1800,fo1. 

Chauncy,  Angel,  D.D.     Serms.,  Lon.,  1747,  '58,  4to. 

Chauncy,  Charles,  1592-1672,  a  Nonconformist  di 
vine,  a  native  of  Hertfordshire,  was  educated  at  West 
minster  School,  and  at  Trinity  College,  Cambridge.  He 
emigrated  to  New  England,  and  in  1654  became  President 
of  Harvard  College,  which  office  he  retained  until  his  de 
cease.  Serms.,  1655, '56;  26  on  Justification,  1659.  An- 
tisynodalia  Americana,  1662.  He  also  wrote  an  article 
prefixed  to  Leigh's  Critica  Sacra,  Lon.,  1639,  Ac.,  4to.  See 
Mather's  Magnalia;  Rushworth's  Hist.  Coll.;  Neal's  N.  E.; 
Hutchinson;  Holmes. 

Chauncy,  Charles,  D.D.,  1705-1787,  a  native  and 
minister  of  Boston,  a  descendant  of  the  above,  pub.  a  num 
ber  of  sermons  and  theolog.  treatises,  1731-85. 

"  He  was  eminent  for  his  learning,  and  for  the  spirit  of  inde 
pendence  which  marked  his  inquiries."  See  Clarke's  Funeral 
Serm.,  Miller,  ii.  368. 

Chauncy,  Sir  Henry,  1632-1719,  of  the  Middle 
Temple,  was  admitted  of  Gonvil  and  Caius  College,  Cam 
bridge,  in  1647.  In  1688  he  was  made  a  Welsh  Judge. 
Historical  Antiquities  of  Hertfordshire,  &e.}  Lon.,  1700,  fol. 

"  The  near  affinity  historical  antiquities  have  to  that  science  [the 
Law]  which  I  have  studied  and  all  along  practised,  pbliged  me  to 
be  conversant  in  authors  that  treat  thereof." — Preface. 

See  Savage's  Librarian,  and  Upcott's  British  Topogra 
phy.  Sir  Henry  left  some  additions  to  this  work,  which 
were  the  foundation  of  Salmon's  History  of  Hertfordshire, 
Lon.,  1728,  fol. 

Chauncy,  Isaac,  d.  1712.  Theological  treatises,1692- 
1737. 

Chauncy,  Isaac,  d.  1745,  aged  74.    Sermon,  1729. 

Chauncy,  Maurice,  d.  1581,  a  monk  of  the  Charter 
House.  Historia  aliquot  nostri  Sseculi  Martyrum,  Mentz, 
1550,  4to.  Much  of  this  work  will  be  found  in  Strype's 
Ecclesiastical  Memorials.  Chauncy  wrote  some  other 
works  :  see  Athen.  Oxon. 

Chauncy,  Nath.,  of  Connecticut.     Serms.,  1719,  '34. 

Chauncy,  William.  The  Rooting  out  of  the  Romishe 
Supremacie,  Lon.,  1580, 16mo.  The  Conversion  of  a  Gentle 
man  long  Tyme  misled  in  Poperie  to  the  sincere  and  true 
Profession  of  the  Gospel  of  Christ  Jesus,  1587,  4to. 

Chaundler,  E.     See  CHANDLER. 

Chaundler,  Thomas.     See  CHANDLER. 

Chauvel,  R.  A.     Sermon,  1805. 

Chauvenet,  William,  b.  1820,  in  Pennsylvania. 
Grad.  Yale  Coll.,  Prof.  Astron.  U.  S.  Naval  Acad.,  Anna 
polis,  Maryland,  which  flourishing  institution  he  was  chiefly 
instrumental  in  establishing.  Prof,  of  Math,  in  U.  S.  Navy, 
1841.  Treatise  on  Plane  and  Spheric.  Trigonometry,  Phila 
delphia,  3d  ed.,  1853. 

"  We  know  of  no  English  work,  in  which  the  subject  of  Spheri 
cal  Trigonometry,  especially,  is  presented  in  so  satisfactory  a  man 
ner." — Amf.r.  Jour.  Sci.,  Sept.,  1850. 

"  In  this  work  he  has  rendered  good  service  to  science." — Astron. 
Jour.,  vol.  i.  No.  13. 

"  This  is  the  most  complete  treatise  on  Trigonometry  extant  in 
the  English  language." — Jour.  Franklin  Institute,  vol.  xx.  No.  3. 

Contributor  to  Amer.  Jour.  Sci. ;  Amer.  Astron.  Jour. ; 
and  collaborator  in  the  preparation  of  the  Amer.  Ephe- 
meris  published  under  the  auspices  of  government,  for 
which  he  has  furnished  new  and  original  methods  of  find 
ing  longitude  by  lunars,  Ac. 

Chavasse,  William,  surgeon.    Med.  Con.,  1785. 
Chavernac,  T.     Surgery  in  France,  1801,  4to. 
Cheare,  Abr.     Words  in  Season,  Lon.,  1668,  12mo. 
Cheaste,  Thomas.     Serm.,  Loa.,  1613,  fol. 


CHE 

Checkley,  John,  1680  F-1753,  an  Episcopal  minister 
of  Boston,  Mass.  Theolog.  treatises,  1715,  '20,  '27/28,  '38. 

Checkley,  Samuel,  d.  1769,  aged  73,  a  minister  of 
Boston,  Mass.  Serms.,  1727,  '48,  '55. 

Checus,  Sir  John.     See  CHEKE. 

Chedsey,  William,  President  of  Corpus  Christi  Col 
lege,  Oxford,  1558.  Serm.  at  Paules  Crosse,  Nov.  16, 1544, 
Lon.,  sine  anno.  Disputation  with  Cranmer,  Philpot,  Ac., 
1545-55.  He  was  a  zealous  Roman  Catholic  ;  was  deprived 
of  his  preferments,  and  committed  to  the  Fleet  Prison. 

Chedworth,  John,  Lord.  Notes  upon  some  of  the 
Obscure  Passages  in  Shakspeare's  Plays,  Lon.,  1805,  8vo. 
Privately  printed;  now  scarce.  Extracts  from  Lord  C.'s 
MSS.  will  be  found  in  Seymour's  Remarks  upon  Shaks- 
peare,  Lon.,  1805,  2  vols.  8vo.  Letters  (140)  from  Lord 
Chedworth  to  Rev.  Thos.  Crompton,  1828,  4to. 

Cheeke,  Henry.     Trans,  of  Freewyl,  a  Tragedie. 

Cheeseman,  Lewis,  D.D.  Difference  between  Old 
and  New  School  Presbyterians,  Rochester,  N.  York,  1848, 
12mo.  Ishmael  and  the  Church,  Phila.,  1856,  12mo. 

Cheesman,  Abraham.   Serms.,  Lon.,  1663,  '68,  8vo. 

Cheesman,  Christopher.  Berkshire's  Agent's  hum 
ble  Address,  Lon.,  1651,  4to. 

Cheesman,  Thomas.    Serms.,  1695,  1707,  4to. 

Cheetham,  James,  d.  1810,  aged  37.  A  Reply  to 
Aristides,  1804.  Life  of  Thomas  Paine,  1809. 

Cheetham,  Robert  Farren.  Poems,  Stockport, 
1798,  4to.  Odes  and  Miscellanies,  1798,  8vo. 

Cheever,  Ezekiel,  1617-1708,  a  native  of  London, 
emigrated  to  New  England,  and  resided  at  Boston,  1671- 
1708,  as  a  teacher.  He  pub.  a  Latin  Accidence,  which 
passed  through  20  editions. 

Cheever,  George  Barrell,  D.D.,  b.  1807,  at  Hallo- 
well,  Maine,  graduated  at  Bowdoin  College,  1825  ;  installed 
pastor  of  the  Allen  Street  Church,  New  York  City,  1839  ; 
of  the  Church  of  the  Puritans  in  New  York,  1846.  See 
Men  of  the  Time,  N.  York,  1852,  12mo.  Dr.  C.  has  con 
tributed  largely  to  The  Biblical  Repository,  North  Ameri 
can  Review,  Quarterly  Repository,  Ac.  We  note  some  of 
his  works  :  The  American  Common  Place  Book  of  Prose, 
1828;  of  Poetry,  1829.  Studies  in  Poetry,  1830.  Inquire 
at  Amos  Giles's  Distillery.  This  led  to  a  famous  lawsuit. 
God's  Hand  in  America,  1841.  Lectures  on  Hierarchical 
Despotism.  Lectures  on  Pilgrim's  Progress,  1843.  This 
work  has  been  highly  commended. 

"  All  readers  of  the  charming  allegory  should  not  fail  to  read  the 
Lectures." — Ch.  Chronicle. 

Wanderings  of  a  Pilgrim  in  the  shadow  of  Mont  Blanc, 
Ac.,  1846;  ditto  to  Jungfrau.  The  Hill  Difficulty,  Ac., 
1849.  Christian  Melodies,  (in  conjunction  with  J.  E.  Sweet- 
eer.)  Selection  of  Hymns  and  Tunes.  The  Right  of  the 
Bible  in  the  Common  Schools. 

"  It  is  a  question  which  in  its  decision  is  to  influence  the  happi 
ness,  the  temporal  and  eternal  welfare,  of  one  hundred  millions  of 
human  beings." — DANIEL  WEBSTER. 

The  Voice  of  Nature  to  her  Foster-Child,  the  Soul  of 
Man,  1852,  12mo.  A  Reel  in  the  BotAe  for  Jack  in  the 
Doldrums,  1852,  12mo. 

"Another  veritable  Pilgrim's  Progress, — only  made  by  sea,  and 
with  the  greater  variety  of  peril  incident  to  that  way  of  travelling. 
Some  of  the  best  traits  of  Bunyan'a  immortal  poem  are  here  re 
produced." 

Journal  of  the  Pilgrims  at  Plymouth,  N.Y.,  1848, 12mo. 
Punishment  by  Death  :  its  Authority  and  Expediency, 
1849,  12mo.  The  Windings  of  the  River  of  the  Water  of 
Life,  1849.  Powers  of  the  World  to  Come,  1853.  Lectures 
on  Cowper,  1856.  God  against  Slavery,  1857. 

Cheever,  Rev.  Henry  T.,  a  popular  author,  brother 
of  the  preceding.  The  Whale  and  his  Captors,  N.Y.,  1849, 
18mo.  The  Island- World  of  the  Pacific,  1851,  12mo.  Life 
in  the  Sandwich  Islands,  12mo. 

"  An  agreeable  addition  to  Rev.  Mr.  Cheever's  former  works  on 
the  Pacific,  written  in  a  kindly  tone  to  Christians  and  Heathen. 
...  It  will  be  found  an  agreeable  and  sensible  work,  with  an  ap 
pendix  containing  valuable  commercial  statistics." — N.  Y.  Literary 
World. 

Autobiography  and  Memorials  of  Capt.  Obadiah  Congat, 
16mo,  1851. 

"  It  is  proper  that  the  example  of  such  a  man  should  be  em 
balmed,  and  Mr.  Cheever  has  done  it  well."— N.  Y.  Observer. 

To  Mr.  Cheever  we  are  indebted  for  the  Memoir  of  the 
REV.  WALTER  COLTON,  (q.  v.)  prefixed  to  Mr.  Colton's  Sea 
and  Sailor,  Ac. 

"  It  is  well  written,  warmly  and  kindly,  as  biography  ought  to 
be.  and  with  good  taste."— N.  Y.  Evangelist. 

Biography  of  Nathaniel  Cheever,  M.D.,  1851,  12mo: 
vide  post.  The  Pulpit  and  the.  Pew,  N.Y.,  1858,  12mo. 
Highly  commended. 

Cheever,  Nathaniel,  M.D.    Biography  of,  by  Rer. 


CHE 

Henry  T.   Cheever,  with  an  introduction  by  George  B. 
Cheever,  D.D.,  New  York,  1851,  I2mo. 

"  It  is  full  of  the  most  weighty  Christian  lessons ;  and  no  one  can 
peruse  it  and  not  be  struck  with  the  originality  of  the  character 
illustrated,  nor  without  laying  it  aside  a  wiser  and  better  man." 

Cheever,  Samuel,  d.  1724,  aged  85,  a  son  of  Ezekiel 
Cheever,  was  the  first  minister  of  Marblehead.  Serm.,  1712. 
Cheisley,  John.     Letter,  1647,  4to. 
Cheisolm,  Gnil.    Scotus  et  Episc.  Varionensis.    Ex- 
amen  Confessionis  Fidei  Calvinianae,  Aven.,  1601,  8vo.    In 
French,  Paris,  1603,  8vo. 

Cheke,  Sir  John,  1514-1557,  a  native  of  Cambridge, 
was  admitted  into  St.  John's  College  in  1531,  and  applied 
himself  with  such  zeal  to  the  study  of  the  Greek  language- 
then  much  neglected  in  England — that  about  1540,  when 
the  king  founded  a  Greek  professorship  in  the  University 
of  Cambridge,  Cheke,  only  26  years  of  age,  was  chosen 
the  first  professor.  His  persevering  efforts  to  reform  the 
English  pronunciation  of  Greek  were  crowned  with  success, 
although  violently  opposed  by  Bishop  Gardiner  and  others. 
In  1544  he  was  appointed  one  of  the  Latin  tutors  to  Prince 
Edward.  He  was  a  zealous  advocate  of  the  Protestant 
Reformation,  and  interested  in  the  settlement  of  the  crown 
upon  Lady  Jane  Grey.  Upon  the  accession  of  Queen  Mary 
he  was  imprisoned  in  the  Tower,  from  whence  the  queen's 
pardon  released  him,  and  he  travelled  for  some  time  on  the 
Continent.  But  he  was  too  important  a  personage  to  be 
overlooked  by  the  persecutors  of  the  day;  and  being  ar 
rested  near  Brussels,  was  sent  to  London,  again  imprisoned 
in  the  Tower,  and  only  escaped  martyrdom  by  an  open  re 
cantation  of  the  principles  of  the  Reformation.  The  re 
morse  which  followed  this  step  soon  brought  him  to  the 
grave,  and  he  was  gathered  to  his  fathers  at  the  early  age 
of  43.  England  could  have  better  afforded  the  loss  of 
many  courtiers  than  of  this  great  man !  Sir  John  left  many 
works  in  MS.,  a  catalogue  of  which  we  find  in  Strype. 
His  publications  consist  almost  entirely  of  translations 
from  the  Greek  into  the  Latin  tongue,  and  from  English 
into  Latin,  Ac.  A  Latin  trans,  of  two  of  St.  Chrysostom's 
Homilies,  1543,  4to ;  of  six  ditto,  1545,  8vo.  The  Hurt  of 
Sedition,  1549,  Svo;  and  in  Holinshed's  Chronicle,  anno 
1549.  A  Latin  trans,  of  the  English  Communion  Book, 
done  for  the  use  of  M.  Bucer;  vide  Bucer's  Opuscula 
Anglicana ;  a  Latin  trans,  of  Cranmer's  Book  on  the  Lord's 
Supper,  1553.  The  New  Testament  in  Englishe,  after  the 
Greeke  trans.,  1550,  8vo.  A  Latin  trans,  of  the  English 
Communion  Book.  De  Superstitione  ad  Regem  Henricum. 
The  Latinity  of  this  piece  has  been  greatly  commended. 
Some  Letters.  Sir  John  pub.  a  few  other  pieces. 

"  As  to  his  character,  he  was  justly  accounted  one  of  the  best  and 
most  learned  men  of  his  age,  and  a  singular  ornament  to  his  country. 
He  was  one  of  the  revivers  of  polite  literature  in  England,  and  a 
great  lover  and  encourager  of  the  Greek  language  in  particular." 

"  The  Exchequer  of  eloquence ;  a  man  of  men,  supernaturally 
traded  in  all  tongues." — Wash's  Letter  to  the  Two  Universities,  vide 
A  then.  Oxon.  See,  also,  Strype's  Life  of  Cheke;  of  Cranmer;  of 
Parker;  and  Biog.  Brit. 

Cheke,  William.  Anagrammata  &  Chron.  Agram- 
mata  Regia,  Lon.,  1613,  8vo. 

C  he  1  sum,  James,  D.D.,  1740-1801,  educated  at  West 
minster  School,  and  at  St.  John's  College,  and  Christ 
Church,  Cambridge.  Remarks  on  Mr.  Gibbon's  Roman 
History,  Lon.,  1772,  8vo;  enlarged.  1778,  8vo.  Reply  to 
Gibbon's  Vindication,  Winchest,  1785,  8vo.  Hist,  of  the 
Art  of  Engraving  in  Mezzotint,  Winchest.,  1786,  8vo.  He 
is  supposed  to  have  contributed  to  Olla  Podrida,  pub.  at 
Oxford.  He  pub.  some  occasional  Serms.,  1777-93. 

"  His  learning  was  extensive ;  and  his  manners,  though  some- 
what  austere,  were  yet  amiable." 

Chenevix,  Richard,  d.  1830,  a  native  of  Ireland. 
Dramatic  Poems,  1801, 8vo.  Chemical  Nomenclature,  1802, 
12mo.  Mineralogical  Systems,  1811,  8vo.  Chemical  Con 
tributions  to  Phil.  Trans.,  1801,  '02,  03,  '04,  '05 ;  to  Nic. 
Jour.,  1801,  '10;  to  Trans.  Irish  Acad.,  viii.  233.  The 
Mantuan  Rivals ;  a  Comedy ;  Henry  VII. ;  Hist.  Trag., 
1812,  8vo. 

"  The  boldest,  the  most  elaborate,  and,  upon  the  whole,  the  most 
successful,  imitation  of  the  general  style,  taste,  and  diction  of  our 
older  dramatists,  that  has  appeared  in  the  present  times."— Edin. 
Review. 

An  Essay  upon  National  Character,  2  vols.  8vo.    (Posth.) 
«  What  a  noble  legacy  for  a  man  to  leave  behind  him !     In  these 
volumes  are  garnered  the  labours  of  a  life." — Lon.  Literary  Gaz. 

Cheney,  Harriet  V.,  a  native  of  Massachusetts. 
The  Sunday  School,  or  Village  Sketches ;  written  in  con 
junction  with  her  sister.  A  Peep  at  the  Pilgrims.  The 
Rivals  of  Acadia.  Sketches  from  the  Life  of  Christ; 
Confessions  of  an  Early  Martyr;  pub.  in  1840.  Mrs. 
Cashing,  her  sister,  has  pub.  Esther,  a  dramatic  poem,  and 
lome  works  for  the  young.  Mrs.  Cheney's  mother  (Mrs. 
870 


CHE 

Hannah  Foster)  was  author  of  one  of  the  earliest  Ameri 
can  novels,  The  Coquette,  or  the  History  of  Eliza  Whar- 
ton;  repub.  in  1855.  See  FOSTER,  HANNAH. 

Cheney,  John.     On  Conformity,  Lon.,  1680,  8vo. 
Cherington,  Lord  Viscount.     Memoirs  of  the  Go 
vernment  and  Manners  of  the  present  Portuguese,  Lon., 
1782,  2  vols.  12mo.     See  Monthly  Mag.  for  1782. 

Chernocke,  Rohert.  Papers  del'd  to  Sheriffs  of 
London  and  Middlesex,  1695,  fol. 

Cherpillourd,  J.  Book  of  French  Versions,  Ac., 
1817,  12mo. 

Cherry,  A.     Dramatic  Pieces,  1793-1807. 
Cherry,  Henry  C.     Illustrations  of  the  Fasts  and 
Festivals,  Lon.,  12ino,  1844. 

"  We  boldly  recommend  these  lectures." — Lnn.  Christ.  Rememb. 
Cherry,  John.     Scottish  Poetry,  Glasg.,  1806,  12mo. 
Chertsey,  Andrew.     The  Passion  of  Christ,  Lon., 
1520,  4to;  trans,  from  the  French.     The  Floure  of  God's 
Commandments,  1521,  fol.     Other  publications.     See  War- 
ton's  Hist,  of  English  Poetry. 

Chesebro',  Caroline,  a  native  of  Canandaigua, 
New  York,  has  pub.  several  volumes,  and  is  a  contributor 
to  some  of  the  principal  American  periodicals.  Dream 
land  by  Daylight,  1851.  Isa,  a  Pilgrimage,  1852.  The 
Children  of  Light,  1852.  The  Little  Cross-Bearers,  1853. 
See  Hart's  Female  Prose  Writers  of  America,  1854. 

Cheselden,  William,  1688-1752,  an  eminent  sur 
geon  and  anatomist,  a  native  of  Leicestershire,  studied 
under  Cowper,  the  celebrated  anatomist,  and  Feme,  the 
head  surgeon  of  St.  Thomas's  Hospital.  At  the  age  of  22 
he  began  to  read  lectures  in  anatomy,  and  at  33  was  chosen 
member  of  the  Royal  Society.  Syllabus  of  a  Course  of 
Lectures  on  Anatomy,  Lon.,  1711,  4to.  The  Anatomy  of 
the  Human  Body,  1713,  Svo;  1722;  with  thirty-four 
copper-plates,  1726;  1730;  llth  edit,  1778.  Treatise  on 
the  High  Operation  for  Stone,  1723,  Svo;  attacked  in  Litho- 
tomus  Castratus.  Osteographia,  or  Anatomy  of  the  Bones ; 
with  plates  the  size  of  life,  1728,  '33,  large  fol. ;  attacked 
in  1735  by  John  Douglass,  in  Remarks  on  that  Pompous 
Work,  the  Osteography  of  Mr.  Cheselden. 

"  The  work  received  a  more  judicious  censure  from  the  celebrated 
Haller.  who,  whilst  he  candidly  pointed  out  its  errors,  paid  the 
writer  that  tribute  of  applause  which  he  so  justly  deserved. 
Ileister,  likewise,  in  his  Compendium  of  Anatomy,  has  done  jus 
tice  to  its  merit." — Biog.  Brit. 

To  Goutcher's  trans,  of  Le  Dran's  Operations  in  Sur 
gery,  Cheselden  added  21  plates  and  some  valuable  re 
marks.  Cheselden  made  many  improvements  in  surgery, 
and  banished  the  complicated  French  instruments  formerly 
in  use.  Sharpe  acknowledges  his  great  obligations  to  him. 
Pope  held  him  in  high  esteem  : 

"I  wondered  a  little  at  your  quaere,  who  Cheselden  was.  It 
shews  that  the  truest  merit  does  not  travel  so  far  any  way  as  on 
the  wings  of  poetry.  lie  is  the  most  noted  and  most  deserving 
!  man  in  the  whole  profession  of  chirurgery ;  and  has  saved  the 
lives  of  thousands  by  his  manner  of  cutting  for  the  stone." — 
Letter  from  Pope  to  Swift. 

We  find  the  worthy  surgeon  also  celebrated  in  the  verses 
of  his  poetical  admirer : 

"To  keep  these  limbs,  and  to  preserve  these  eyes, 

I'll  do  what  Mead  and  Cheselden  advise." 
Cheshire,  John.    Rheumatism,  &c.,  Lon.,  1723,  Svo. 
Cheshire,  Thomas.     Serms.,  1641,  '42. 
Chesney,  Col.  Francis  Rawdon,  b.  1789,  in  Ire- 
!  land.     The  Expedition  for  the  Survey  of  the  Rivers  Eu 
phrates  and  Tigris,  1835,  '36,  '37,  Lon.,  1850,  &c.,  4  vols. 
i  r.  Svo.     On  Fire-Arms,  Svo.     Russo-Turkish  Campaigns 
of  1828,  '29,  Lon.,  1852 ;  3d  ed.  May,  1854. 

"Few  men  possess  more  extensive   knowledge,  personal  and 
other,  of  the  geography  and  statistics  of  the  East."— ion.  At/ten. 
Chester,   Robert.      Love's  Martyr;    or    Rosalin'a 
Complaint,  Lon.,  1601,  4to.     To  this  trans,  from  the  Ita 
lian  are  added  some  Poems  of  Shakspeare,  Jon  son,  Mar- 
1  ston,  and  others.     A  very  rare  volume :  sold  at  the  Rox- 
|  burghe  sale  for  £24  3». ;    Sykes's,  £61    19s. ;   priced  in 
Bibl.  Anglo-Poet.,  £50. 

Chesterfield,  Philip  Dormer  Stanhope,  Bail 

of,  1694-1773,  was  the  eldest  son  of  Philip,  third  Earl  of 

Chesterfield,  by  Lady  Elizabeth  Saville,  daughter  of  George, 

Marquis  of  Halifax.     In  his  18th  year  he  was  entered  of 

Trinity  Hall,   Cambridge,  where  he  studied  to  so   much 

purpose  that  he  left  the  University  an  excellent  classical 

i  scholar.     He  was  returned  for  St.  Germain's  in  Cornwall 

!  in  the  first  Parliament  of  the  reign  of  George  I.,  and  in 

j  the  national  councils,  as  well  as  in  the  diplomatic  positions 

|  which   he   afterwards    occupied,    displayed    considerable 

energy  of  character.     As  a  gentleman,  a  courtier,  and  a 

patron  of  literature,  he  aspired  to  fill  the  first  rank,  and 

his  ambition  was  gratified.     Johnson's  suit  to  the  "  Con- 

,  queror  of  the  World,"  and   the  celebrated  letter  which 


CHE 


CHE 


closed  their  distant  acquaintance,  is  well  known.  They 
were  not  calculated  to  be  agreeable  to  each  other.  The 
earl  considered  the  lexicographer  to  be  no  better  than  "  a 
respectable  Hottentot,"  and  the  awkward  scholar  styled 
the  nobleman  "  A  Wit  among  Lords,  and  a  Lord  among 
Wits."  Johnson's  letter  to  his  lordship  must  be  condemned 
as  a  piece  of  great  injustice.  The  earl  is  now  best  known 
by  his  Letters  to  his  Son,  (who  died  at  an  early  age,  in 
1768,)  1774,  2  vols.  4to;  often  reprinted;  which  were  not 
intended  for  publication.  They  display  much  knowledge 
of  the  worst  part  of  the  world,  and  little  taste  for  any 
thing  of  a  more  elevated  character. 

"Those  who  wish  to  see  the  superiority  of  dissembling  over 
openness  demonstrated  with  admirable  force,  may  consult  the 
philosopher  of  flattery  and  dissimulation." — DE  VERB. 

"  It  was  not  to  be  wondered  at  that  they  had  so  great  a  sale, 
considering  that  they  were  the  letters  of  a  statesman,  a  wit,  one 
who  had  been  much  in  the  mouths  of  mankind,  one  long  accus 
tomed  virdrn  volitare  per  ora.  .  .  .  Does  not  Lord  Chesterfield 
give  precepts  for  uniting  wickedness  and  the  graces?  .  .  .  Lord 
Chesterfield's  Letters  to  his  Son,  I  think,  might  be  made  a  very 
pretty  book.  Take  out  the  immorality,  and  it  should  be  put  into 
the  hands  Of  every  gentleman." — DR.  JOHNSON. 

What  Johnson  desired — an  expurgated  Chesterfield — 
has  been  prepared  by  Dr.  Trusler  (Principles  of  Politeness) 
and  others.  The  most  epigrammatic  description  which 
Johnson  gave  of  the  Letters,  for  obvious  reasons  we  have 
not  quoted. 

It  is  not  a  little  curious  that  these  Letters  should  have 
been  repub.  in  Boston  as  early  as  1779;  five  years  after 
the  first  London  edition.  His  lordship's  Miscellaneous 
Works  were  pub.  in  1777,  Lon.,  2  vols.  4to ;  Appendix, 
1778,  4to,  (of  doubtful  authenticity.)  Characters,  1777, 
12mo.  Supplement  to  his  Letters.  1777,  '87,  4to.  The 
Art  of  Pleasing,  in  Letters  to  his  Nephew,  1783,  12mo. 
Letters  to  his  Heir,  1783,  12mo.  Memoirs  of  Asiaticus, 
1784,  4to.  Particulars,  etc.,  respecting  Chesterfield  and 
Hume,  1788,  4to.  Letters,  including  many  now  first  pub 
lished  from  the  original  MSS.  Edited,  with  Notes,  by  Lord 
Mahon,  Lon.,  1845,  4  vols.  8vo.  The  papers  upon  John 
son's  Dictionary,  which  elicited  the  celebrated  response, 
are  Nos.  100  and  101  in  The  World.  Some  verses  of  his 
composition  are  in  the  miscellanies  of  Dodsley,  Almon, 
Debret,  &o.  Pope  once  borrowed  his  diamond  ring,  and 
wrote  on  the  window  of  an  inn : 

"  Accept  a  miracle  instead  of  wit, 

See  two  dull  lines  by  Stanhope's  pencil  writ." 
"  Lord  Chesterfield's  eloquence,  though  the  fruit  of  study  and 
imitation,  was  in  a  great  measure  his  own.  Equal  to  most  of  his 
contemporaries  in  eloquence  and  perspicuity,  perhaps  surpassed 
by  some  in  extensiveness  and  strength,  he  could  have  no  compe 
titors  in  choice  of  imagery,  taste,  urbanity,  and  graceful  irony." — 
DR.  MATY.  ' 

"  Chesterfield's  entrance  into  the  world  was  announced  by  his 
bons  mots ;  and  his  closing  lips  dropped  repartees,  that  sparkled 
with  his  juvenile  fire." — HORACE  WALPOLE. 

Chesterfield,  Thomas  de,  Canon  of  Lichfield. 
Historia  de  Episcopis  Coventrentibus  et  Lichfield  a  prima 
sedis  foundatione  ad  annum  1347,  cum  notis. 

Chesterton,  George  Laval,  for  about  twenty-seven 
years  Governor  of  Cold-Bath  Fields  Prison.  Proceedings 
in  Venezuela,  1819-20,  Lon.,  1820,  8vo.  Revelations  of 
Prison  Life,  1856,  2  vols.  8vo ;  two  eds.  in  same  year. 

"  As  a  curious  bit  of  human  history  these  volumes  are  remark 
able.    They  are  very  real,  very  simple, — dramatic  without  exagge 
ration,  philosophic  without  being  dull.'' — Lon.  Athen.,  1856.  805. 
Cheston,  R.  B.     Profess,  treatises,  1766,  '80,  '84. 
Chetham,  Jas.  Angler's  Vadc-Mecum,  Lon.,  1689, 8vo. 
Chetham,  John.     Psalmody;  8th  edit.,  1752,  8vo. 
Chettle,   Henry,  a  dramatic  writer  of  the  age  of 
Elizabeth,  was  the  author  of  the  Tragedy  of  Hoffman,  or 
a  Revenge  for  a  Father,  1631,  4to;  and  was  concerned, 
more  or  less,  according  to  Henslowe's  Diary,  in  the  pro 
duction   of   38  plays,   "only   four   of   which    have   been 
printed  and  have  descended  to  us."     See  Collier's  Hist,  of 
English  Dramatic  Poetry,  and  the  Biog.  Dramat. 

Chetwind,  Charles.  Narrative  rel.  to  Mr.  Ireland, 
executed  for  High  Treason,  Lon.,  1679,  fol. 

Chetwind,  Edward,  D.D.     Serms.,  1608,  '12.    Vow 

of  Teares  for  the  Losse  of  Prince  Henry,  1612,  8vo. 

Chetwind,  John.     See  CHBTWYND. 

Chetwind,  Philip.    Petition  to  Parliament,  1649,  fol. 

Chetwood,  Knightly,  D.D.,  1652-1720,  Fellow  of 

King's  College,  Cambridge,  1683.     Serms.,  1700,  '08,  '15. 

Speech,  1715.     Life  of  Lycurgus,  in  trans,  of  Plutarch's 

Lives,  pub.  in  1683.     Poems  in  Nichols's  Collection,  Ac. 

Chetwood,  William  Rnfus,  d.  1766.    The  Lover's 
Opera,  Lon.,  4730,  8vo.     General  History  of  the  Stage, 
1749.     Plays,  1750.     The  British  Theatre,  1750, 12ino. 
"  A  compilation  full  of  the  grossest  blunders." 
Life  of  Ben  Jonson,  1756,  12mo.     Theatrical  Records, 


1756,  12mo.     George  Steevens  did  not  venerate  Chetwood 
as  an  author;  he  calls  him 

;'  A  blockhead,  and  a  measureless  and  bungling  liar." 

Chetwynd,  James.  Treatise  on  Fines,  Lon.,  1773,4to. 

Chetwynd,  John,  1623-1692,  a  Presbyterian ;  con 
formed  on  the  Restoration.  Serms.,  1653,  '59,  '82.  An- 
thologia  Historica,  1674,  8vo ;  repub.  under  the  title  of 
Collections,  Historical,  Political,  Theological,  collected  out 
of  the  most  esteemed  Authors  of  all  Sorts  of  Learning, 
digested  into  fifteen  Centuries,  to  which  is  annexed  a  Cen 
tury  of  Legendary  Stories,  1691,  8vo.  He  edited  his 
grandfather's  (Sir  John  Harrington)  Brief  View  of  the 
State  of  the  Church  of  England,  Ac.,  being  a  character 
and  history  of  the  Bishops,  1653,  12mo. 

Chevalier,  Thomasj  Surgeon,  d.  1824.  Observa 
tions,  Lon.,  1797,  8vo.  Introduc.  to  Lectures,  1801,  8vo. 
Treatise  on  Gun  Shot  Wounds,  1804, 12mo.  History  of  an 
Enlargement,  Ac.  Con.  to  Med.  Chir.  Trans.,  1809,  '11,  '13. 

Chevalier,  Temple,  Prof.  Mathematics  and  Astro 
nomy,  and  Honorary  Canon  of  Durham.  Trans,  of  the 
Epistles  of  Clement,  Polycarp,  Ignatius,  and  of  the  Apo 
logies  of  Justin  Martyr  and  Tertullian,  Camb.,  1803,  8vo. 

v'An  excellent  translation,  with  an  introduction,  and  brief  notes 
illustrative  of  the  ecclesiastical  history  of  the  first  two  centuries." 
— LOXVNDES. 

Historical  Types  in  the  Old  Testament :  20  Discourses 
preached  at  the  Hulsean  Lecture  in  1826,  Camb.,  1826,  8vo. 

"  The  subject  chosen  is  important  and  interesting,  and  has  been 
illustrated  with  ability  and  judgment."— British  Critic,  Oct.  1827. 

On  the  Proofs  of  Divine  Power  and  Wisdom  derived 
from  the  Study  of  Astronomy ;  preached  at  the  Hulsean 
Lecture,  1827  Camb.,  1827  8vo. 

Chew,  Samuel,  Chief-Justice  of  Pennsylvania,  d. 
1744.  The  Lawfulness  of  Defence  against  an  Avowed 
Enemy,  1741,  '75.  Judge  C.  was  a  Quaker,  and  this  pub 
lication  gave  great  offence  to  the  members  of  that  sect. 

Chewney,  Nicholas.     Theolog.  treatises,  1656,  '60. 

Cheyn,  William.     Theolog.  treatises,  1718,  '20. 

Cheyne.     Funeral  Sermon,  1669,  4to. 

Cheyne,  George,  M.D.,  1671-1743,  a  native  of  Scot 
land,  was  a  pupil  of  the  celebrated  Dr.  Archibald  Pitcairn, 
whom  he  styles  his  "  great  master  and  generous  friend." 
Dr.  Cheyne  pub.  a  number  of  medical,  theological,  and 
philosophical  works ;  some  of  which  we  notice.  A  New 
Theory  of  acute  and  slow-continued  Fevers,  Lon.,  1702, 
8vo.  Fluxiorum  Methodus  inversa,  Ac.,  1703,  4to.  Phi 
losophical  Principles  of  Natural  Religion,  1705,  8vo.  Ob 
servations  on  the  Gout,  Ac.,  1720,  8vo.  Essay  on  Health 
and  Long  Life,  1725,  8vo;  in  Latin,  1726,  8vo  ',  Paris, 

1742,  2  vols.  12mo. 

"  I  heartily  condemn  and  detest  all  personal  reflections,  all  ma 
licious  and  unmannerly  terms,  and  all  false  and  unjust  misrepre 
sentations,  as  unbecoming  gentlemen,  scholars,  and  Christians." 
—Preface  to  Essay. 

What  a  noble  lesson  to  all  controversialists  ! 

The  English  Malady,  or  a  Treatise  of  Nervous  Diseases 
of  all  Kinds  :  as  Spleens,  Vapours,  Lowness  of  Spirits,  Hy- 
pochondriacal  and  Hysterical  Distempers,  Ac.,  1733,  8vo. 
In  this  work  he  tells  us  he  never  found  any  sensible  tran 
quillity  till  he  came  to  the  firm  and  settled  resolution,  viz. : 

"  To  neglect  nothing  to  secure  my  eternal  peace,  more  than 
if  I  had  been  certified  I  should  die  within  the  day ;  nor  to  mind 
any  thing  that  my  secular  obligations  and  duties  demand  of  me, 
less  than  if  1  had  been  insured  to  live  fifty  years  more." — English 
Malady,  p.  333. 

What  a  noble  example  to  all  men  ! 

Essay  on  Regimen,  1739,  8vo.  This  last  work  was  en 
titled,  Natural  Method  of  Curing  Diseases  of  the  Body, 
and  the  Disorders  of  the  Mind  depending  on  the  Body;  in 
three  parts,  1742,  8vo ;  dedicated  to  the  Earl  of  Chester 
field.  An  Account  of  Dr.  Cheyne  and  his  various  Cures, 

1743,  8vo. 

"  He  is  to  be  ranked  among  those  physicians  who  have  accounted 
for  the  operations  of  medicine,  and  the  morbid  alterations  which 
take  place  in  the  human  body,  upon  mechanical  principles.  A 
spirit  of  piety  and  benevolence,  and  an  ardent  zeal  for  the  inte 
rests  of  virtue,  are  predominant  throughout  his  writings." — T  : 
Biog.  Brit. 

Cheyne,  James,  d.  1602,  a  native  of  Aberdeen,  Pro 
fess,  of  Philos.,  and  Rector  of  the  Scots  College  at  Douay. 
Analysis  in  Philosophiam  Aristot.,  Douay,  1573,  8vo.  De 
Sphaere  seu  Globi  Ccelestis  Fabrica,  1575,  8vo.  De  Geo- 
graphia;  lib.  duo,  1576,  8vo.  Orationes  duo,  1577,  8vo. 
Analysis  et  Scholia  in  Aristot.,  1578,  8vo.  Analysis  in 
Physiologiana  Aristoteliana,  Par.,  1580,  8vo. 

"  He  was  a  man  of  extraordinary  Erudition,  and  great  Prudence; 
and  by  his  many  and  subtile  writings  in  Philosophy  and  Mathe 
matics,  acquired  a  great  reputation." — GEORGE  CON,  trans,  from  the 
Latin  in  Ma&enzies  Scotch  Writers,  vol.  iii. 

Cheyne,  John,  M.D.,  1777-1836,  a  native  of  Leith, 
acted  for  some  time  as  assistant  to  his  father,  who  prac- 

377 


CUE 


CHI 


tised  medicine  and  surgery,  and  studied  pathology  with 
Sir  Charles  Bell  as  an  associate.  In  1808  he  removed  to 
Dublin,  and  at  first  had  so  little  success  that  his  receipts 
from  November,  1810,  to  May,  1811,  were  only  three  gui 
neas.  From  1820  to  1830  they  averaged  £5000  per  an 
num.  Essays  on  the  Diseases  of  Children;  with  Cases 
and  Dissections,  Edin.,  1801,  '03,  '08.  On  Hydrocephalus 
acutus,  1808,  8vo.  The  Pathology  of  the  Membrane  of  the 
Larynx  and  Bronchia,  1809,  8vo.  Cases  of  Apoplexy  and 
of  Lethargy,  Lon.,  1812,  8vo. 

Cheyne,  R.  M.,  and  A.  Bonar.  Narrative  of  a  Mis 
sion  of  Inquiry  to  the  Jews  from  the  Church  of  Scotland 
in  1839. 

"  We  have  enjoyed  no  travels  in  Palestine  like  these,  and  we 
have  read  many." — Presbyterian  Review. 

"The volumes  furnish  delightful  reading.  The  Scriptural  Re 
ferences  amount  to  more  than  900." — Princeton  Review. 

Cheynell,  Francis,  160S-1665,  a  Nonconformist  di 
vine,  a  native  of  Oxford,  was  elected  Prpbationer  Fellow 
of  Merton  College  in  1629 ;  Rector  of  Petworth,  Sussex, 
1643;  ejected  1662.  The  Rise,  Growth,  and  Danger  of 
Socinianisme,  Lon.,  1643,  4to.  In  this  book,  which  was 
pub.  by  authority,  some  eminent  divines  were  charged  with 
Socinianism.  Chillingworthi  Novissima,  or  the  Sickness, 
Heresy,  Death,  and  Burial  of  W.  C.,  1644,  4to;  also  pub. 
by  authority. 

"A  most  ludicrous  as  well  as  melancholy  instance  of  fanaticism, 
or  religious  madness." — Life  of  Cldllingworth. 

Cheynell  had  a  most  violent  antipathy  to  some  of  Chil- 
lingworth's  views  and  to  his  memory,  and  evinced  it  in  a 
manner  not  the  most  decorous.  Sermons,  1645,  '46,  4to. 
Disputation  between  Cheynell  and  Erburg,  1 646,  4to.  The 
Sworn  Confederacy  between  the  Convocation  at  Oxford 
and  the  Tower  at  London,  1647,  4to.  Doctrine  of  the 
Holy  Trinity,  1650,  8vo.  The  Beacon  Flaming,  1652,  4to. 
"  I  shall  now  only  tell  you  that  he  was  accounted  by  many,  es 
pecially  those  of  his  party,  (who  bad  him  always  in  great  venera 
tion,)  a  good  disputant  and  preacher,  and  better  he  might  have 
been,  and  of  a  more  sober  temper,  had  he  not  been  troubled  with 
a  weakness  in  his  head  which  some  in  his  time  called  craziness." 
—Athen.  Oxon. 

Chibald,  William.   Theolog.  Treatises,  1622,  '25,  '30. 

Chichester,  Edward.    Oppressions  and  Cruelties  of 

Irish  Revenue  Officers,  Lon.,  1818,  8vo.     See  McCulloch's 

Lit.  of  Polit.  Economy.    Deism  compared  with  Christianity, 

3  vols.  8vo. 

"A  book  of  reference,  containing  all  the  principal  objections 
against  Revealed  Religion,  with  their  refutations." 

Chidley,  Catherine.    Independent  Churches,  1641. 
Chidley,  Samuel.    Theolog.  treatises,  Lon.,  1651-57. 
Chifney.     Genius  Genuine,  a  Treatise  on  Horses  and 
Horse  Racing,  Lon.,  1804,  8vo. 

"  This  book,  containing  an  account  of  some  of  the  first  charac 
ters  on  the  turf,  is  said  to  have  been  suppressed."    Pub.  at  £5  5s. 
Chilcot,  Harriet.     See  MEZIERE. 
Chilcot,  William,  d.  1711.    Serm.,  1797,  8vo.     Seven 
Sermons   on   Evil   Thoughts,  1734,   12mo ;    1835,   32mo; 
1851,  18mo. 

Child,  Miss.  Spinster  at  Home,  Lon.,  8vo. 
Child,  Francis  J.,  Boylston  Prof,  of  Rhetoric  and 
Oratory  in  Harvard  College.  In  1848,  soon  after  leaving 
college,  he  pub.  an  edition  of  some  old  plays,  under  the 
title  of  Four  Old  Plays.  Is  editing,  (1858,)  with  much 
success,  A  Complete  Collection  of  the  British  Poets,  from 
Chaucer  to  Wordsworth;  embracing  the  whole  Works  of 
the  Most  Distinguished  Authors,  with  Selections  from  the 
Minor  Poets;  accompanied  with  Biographical,  Historical, 
and  Critical  Notices.  Ninety-six  vols.  have  appeared,  pub. 
by  Little,  Brown  &  Co.,  Boston. 

"All  persons  whose  standard  of  home-comfort  embraces  more 
than  one  single  book-shelf  must  have  the  British  Poets  in  some 
form ;  and  they  may  be  sure  that  they  will  never  be  able  to  pro 
cure  them  in  a  more  convenient  and  economical  form  than  that 
which  these  volumes  wear."— Christian  Examiner. 

Child,  George  Chaplin,  M.D.  On  Indigestion  and 
Certain  Bilious  Disorders  often  conjoined  with  it;  to  which 
are  added  Short  Notes  on  Diet;  2d  ed.,  Lon.,  1854,  8vo. 

"This  edition  is  considerably  altered  and  improved  by  the  incor 
poration  of  the  extended  experience  which  the  author  has  acquired. 
We  must  warmly  recommend  it  to  our  readers  as  a  safe  and  useful 
guide  in  the  treatment  of  a  very  troublesome  class  of  disorders."— 
Dublin  Quarterly  Journal. 

Child,  Major  John.  New  England's  Jonas  cast  up 
at  London,  Lon.,  1647 :  refers  to  the  trial  of  Robert  Child, 
of  which  Winthrop  gives  an  account. 

Child,  Sir  Josiah,  an  eminent  merchant  and  writer 
on  Political  Economy  temp.  Charles  II.  Discourse  of 
Trade,  Lon.,  1668,  4to;  5th  edit,  Glasg.,  1751,  12mo. 

"  Some  of  the  principles  advanced  by  Child  are  so  sound,  and  so 
forcibly  and  concisely  expressed,  that  they  assume  the  shape  of 
maxims."— McCcLLOCH :  Lit.  Polit.  Economy. 

A  Treatise,  wherein  it  is  demonstrated  that  the  E.  India 
378 


Trade  is  the  Most  National  of  all  Foreign  Trades,  Lon., 
1681,  4to.  See  McCulloch's  Lit.  of  Polit.  Econ.  Obser 
vations  concerning  Trade  and  the  Interest  of  Money,  1668, 
4to.  Sir  Thomas  Culpepper's  Tract  on  Usurie,  1623,  4to, 
is  annexed  to  this  treatise.  The  Interest  of  England  Con 
sidered,  1694,  8vo.  Relief  and  Employment  of  the  Poor. 
Repub.  in  the  Somers  Collec.  of  Tracts,  vol.  xi. 

Child,  Lydia  Maria,  one  of  the  most  eminent  of 
American  authors,  was  Miss  Francis,  a  sister  of  the  Rev. 
Convers  Francis,  D.D.,  of  Harvard  University.  Her  first 
publication  was  Hobomok,  a  Tale  of  Early  Times,  1824; 
which  was  followed  in  1825  by  The  Rebels,  a  Tale  of  the 
Revolution.  In  1831  she  pub.  The  Mother's  Book. 

"  This  excellent  work,  while  it  displays  the  intelligence  of  the 
enlightened  instructor,  breathes  throughout  the  spirit  of  the  affec 
tionate  Christian  parent." — Notice  of  the  English  reprint. 

A  History  of  the  Condition  of  Women  of  all  Ages  and 
Nations,  and  The  Girl's  Book,  appeared  in  1832,  and  The 
Coronal,  pieces  in  Prose  and  Verse,  was  pub.  in  1833.  In 
1835  Mrs.  Child  gave  to  the  world  Philothea,  a  Romance 
of  Greece  in  the  days  of  Pericles,  which  has  been  highly 
recommended  as  a  successful  effort  in  a  difficult  field.  In 
1841  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Child  removed  to  New  York,  and  as 
sumed  the  editorial  oversight  of  the  Anti-Slavery  Standard. 
Mrs.  Child's  well-known  letters  to  the  editor  of  the  Boston 
Courier  were  collected  into  a  volume  under  the  title  of 
Letters  from  New  York;  a  second  series  was  pub.  in  1845. 
To  this  popular  and  instructive  w,riter  we  are  also  indebted 
for  the  following  works: 

The  American  Frugal  Housewife.  Appeal  in  Favour  of 
Africans.  Biographies  of  Good  Wives.  Flowers  for  Chil 
dren  ;  three  parts.  The  Family  Nurse.  Memoirs  of  Ma 
dame  De  Stael  and  Roland.  Power  of  Kindness,  and  other 
Stories.  Rose  Marion.  Fact  and  Fiction.  Isaac  T.  Hop 
per:  a  True  Life.  The  Progress  of  Religious  Ideas  through 
Successive  Ages,  1855,  3  vols.  12mo. 

Interesting  particulars  respecting  Mrs.  Child's  literary 
history,  and  specimens  of  her  writings,  will  be  found  in 
Griswold's  Prose  Writers  of  America;  and  Mrs.  Hale's 
Woman's  R,ecord. 

Child,  Samuel.  Every  Man  his  own  Brewer,  Lon., 
1797,  8vo. 

Child,  William,  Mus.  Doct.,  1607-1697,  B.  A.,  Christ 
Church  College,  Oxford,  1631;  Mus.  Doct.,  1663;  was  for 
65  years  organist  of  Windsor  Chapel.  Psalms  for  three 
Voices,  Lon.,  1639,  8vo.  Some  of  his  secular  compositions 
will  be  found  in  Court  Airs,  pub.  in  1655  ;  and  his  Services 
and  full  Anthems  are  in  Boyce's  Collection.  Some  of  his 
compositions  are  in  Dr.  Tudway's  MS.  Collection  of  Eng 
lish  Church  Music  in  British  Museum.  See  Burney's  and 
Hawkins's  Histories  of  Music. 

Childe,  C.  F.     Sermons  at  Walsall,  Lon.,  8vo. 

Childe,  E.  N.    Edward  Vernon,  New  York. 

Childe,  F.  V.  Trans,  of  Santarem's  Americus  Ves- 
pucius  and  his  Voyages.  Boat.,  1850,  12mo. 

"  An  interesting  little  volume,  and  one  which  throws  valuable 
light  on  obscure  portions  of  our  history,  of  value  to  our  own  his 
toriographers." 

Children,  John.     A  Public  Caution,  8vo. 

Children,  John  G.  Chemical  Con.  to  Phil.  Trans., 
1809,  '15;  to  Phil.  Mag.  1816 ;  to  Ann.  Philos.,  1816. 

Childrey,  Joshua,  1623-1670,  of  Magdalen  Col 
lege,  Oxford;  Archdeacon  of  Salisbury,  1663.  Indago 
Astrologica,  Lon.,  1652,  4to.  Syzglasticon  Instauratum, 
1673,  8vo.  Britannia  Baconica,  or  the  Natural  Rarities 
of  England,  historically  related,  according  to  the  precepts 
of  Lord  Bacon,  1661-62,  8vo ;  in  French,  Paris,  1662- 
67,  12mo.  This  work  suggested  to  Dr.  Plot  his  Natural 
History  of  Oxfordshire.  Con.  to  Phil.  Trans.,  i.  516. 

Childs,  G.  B.  Improvement  of  the  Female  Figure, 
Lon.,  12mo.  Operation  of  Lateral  Curvature  of  the  Spine, 
r.  8vo.  Medical  Treatise,  12mo. 

Childs,  J.  J.     Picture  Bible,  Lon.,  2  vols.  64mo. 

Childs,  Richard.     Commercial  Tables,  Lon.,  12mo. 

Chillester,  James.  Trans,  of  Chelidonius's  Hys- 
torie  of  Christian  Princes,  <fec.,  Lon.,  1571,  4to. 

Chillinden,  Edmund.  Preaching  without  Ordina 
tion,  Lon.,  1647,  4to.  Nathan's  Parable;  with  a  Letter  to 
Cromwell,  1653,  4to. 

Chillingworth,  William,  1602-1644,  was  the  son 
of  William  Chillingworth,  Mayor  of  Oxford.  In  1618 
he  was  admitted  to  Trinity  College,  of  which  he  became 
Fellow  in  1628.  He  was  noted  at  an  early  age  for  great 
application  to  study,  and  that  acuteness  in  controversy 
which  distinguished  him  in  later  years.  • 

"  He  was  then  observed  to  be  no  drudge  at  his  study,  but  being 
a  man  of  great  parts,  would  do  much  in  a  little  time  when  he 
settled  to  it.  He  would  often  walk  in  the  College  grove,  and  con- 


CHI 

template ;  but  when  he  met  with  any  scholar  there,  he  would 
enter  into  discourse,  and  dispute  with  him,  purposely  to  facilitate 
and  make  the  way  of  wrangling  common  with  him,  which  was  a 
fashion  used  in  those  days,  especially  among  the  disputing  theo- 
logists  or  among  those  that  set  themselves  apart  purposely  for 
Divinity.  But  upon  the  change  of  the  times,  occasioned  by  the 
Puritan,  that  way,  forsooth,  was  accounted  boyish  and  pedagogi 
cal." — Wood's  Athf.n.  Oxon. 

He  paid  some  attention  to  poetry,  and  was  considered 
by  Sir  John  Suckling  worthy  of  a  place  in  his  Session  of 
the  Poets  : 

"  There  was  Selden,  and  he  sat  hard  by  the  chair, 
Wai  n  man  not  far  off,  which  was  very  fair, 
Sands  with  Townshend,  for  they  kept  no  order, 
Digby  and  Chillingworth  a  little  further." 
Chillingworth's  reputation  for  uncommon  powers  of 
mind  drew  upon  him  the  attention  of  the  famous  Jesuit, 
John  Fisher,  alias  John  Perse,  (his  true  name,)  and  by 
dexterously  plying  him  with  his  arguments  in  proof  of 
the  infallibility  of  the  Church  of  Rome,  he  persuaded 
Chillingworth  to  embrace  the  religion  of  that  communion, 
and  to  go  over  to  the  College  of  the  Jesuits,  at  Douay. 
But  his  godfather,  Laud,  then  Bishop  of  London,  in  his 
correspondence  with  him,  argued  with  such  effect  against 
his  new  opinions,  that  in  two  months  from  the  time  he 
left  England,  he  returned  home,  and  upon  due  examina 
tion  of  the  questions  between  the  two  churches,  he  re 
turned  to  the  communion  of  the  Church  of  England.  If 
Laud  had  done  nothing  more  than  this  for  the  Protestant 
cause,  he  deserved  better  treatment  than  he  has  received 
from  those  who  have  charged  him  with  an  inclination  to 
wards  Popery. 

As  might  have  been  anticipated,  Chillingworth  now  be 
came  engaged  in  several  controversies  with  his  late  fellow- 
churchmen.  A  Jesuit  named  Matthias  Wilson  published 
in  1630,  under  the  name  of  Edward  Knott,  a  little  treatise 
called  Charity  Mistaken,  Ac.  Dr.  Potter  answered  this  in 
1633.  The  next  year  the  Jesuit  published  a  rejoinder, 
entitled  Mercy  and  Truth,  or  Charity  maintained  by  Ca 
tholics.  It  was  in  answer  to  this  treatise,  that  in  1638 
Chillingworth  published  his  great  work,  The  Religion  of 
Protestants  a  safe  Way  to  Salvation,  Ac.  This  book  im 
mediately  became  so  popular,  that  two  editions  were  pub 
lished  in  five  months.  After  overcoming  some  scruples 
relative  to  the  subscription  to  the  Thirty-nine  Articles,  he 
was  promoted  to  the  chancellorship  of  Salisbury,  with  the 
prebend  of  Brixworth  in  Northamptonshire  annexed.  He 
was  a  warm  adherent  of  the  Royal  party,  and  was  present 
at  the  siege  of  Gloucester  in  1643,  where  he  made  some 
military  suggestions,  which  were  not  acted  on,  for  the 
very  excellent  reason  that  the  successful  enemy  prevented 
the  opportunity.  He  was  taken  prisoner  shortly  after  by 
the  parliamentary  forces,  while  suffering  under  sickness  at 
Arundel  Castle :  he  was  conveyed  to  the  Bishop's  palace  at 
Chichester,  where  he  died  about  the  30th  of  January,  1644. 
Chillingworth's  Nine  Sermons  on  Occasional  Subjects 
were  pub.  Lon.,  1664.  The  Apostolical  Institution  of 
Episcopacy,  in  1644.  Letter  giving  an  account  why  he 
deserted  tbe  Church  of  Rome,  in  1704.  In  1725  there 
was  published  by  M.  Des  Maizeaux,  an  Historical  and 
Critical  Account  of  his  Life.  An  edition  of  his  works  ap 
peared  in  1684,  fol.;  and  the  tenth  edit,  with  corrections 
and  improvements  was  pub.  in  1742,  fol.  New  edit.,  Ox 
ford  Univ.  Press,  in  3  vols.  Svo,  1838.  Contents :  Vol.  I. 
Life;  Charity  maintained  by  Catholics,  with  Prefaces. 
II.  Charity  maintained,  (continued.)  III.  Sermons;  Addit. 
Discourses;  Answer  to  Rushworth's  Dialogues;  Against 
Punishing  Crimes  with  Death;  Index  to  Charity  main 
tained. 

Wood  declares  that  the  Royal  party  in  Chichester 
looked  upon  the  impertinent  discourses  of  Cheynell  (a 
Nonconformist  divine,  who  attended  Chillingworth  in  his 
last  illness,)  as  "  a  shortening  of  his  days."  This  man 
published  a  work  called  Chillingworthi  Novissima :  or  the 
Sickness,  Heresy,  Death,  and  Burial  of  William  Chilling- 
worth,  1644,  concerning  which  an  eminent  authority 
remarks : 

"  One  of  the  most  villainous  books  that  ever  was  printed :  it  is 
the  quintessence  of  railing,  and  ought  to  be  kept,  or  regarded,  as 
the  pattern  and  standard  of  that  sort  of  writing ;  as  the  man  he 
spends  it  upon,  for  that  of  good  nature,  and  clear  and  strong 
argument." — JOHN  LOCKE. 

We  might  fill  many  pages  with  encomiastic  opinions  of 
our  author,  and  his  principal  work. 

"  Hobbes  of  Malmsbury  would  often  say  that  he  was  like  a 
lusty,  fighting  fellow,  that  did  drive  his  enemies  before  him,  but 
•would  often  give  his  own  party  smart  back  blows;  and  it  was  the 
current  opinion  of  the  University  that  he  and  Lucius,  Lord  Falk 
land,  had  such  extraordinary  clear  reason,  that,  if  the  great  Turk 
or  devil  were  to  be  converted,  they  were  able  to  do  it." 
"  I  know  not  how  it  comes  to  pass,  but  so  it  is,  that  every  one 


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that  offers  to  give  a  reasonable  account  of  his  faith,  and  to  esta 
blish  religion  upon  rational  principles,  is  presently  branded  for  a 
Socinian ;  of  which  we  have  a  sad  instance  in  that  incomparable 
person  Mr.  Chillingworth,  the  glory  of  this  age  and  nation." — 
ARCHBISHOP  TILLGTSON. 

Mr.  Locke  recommends  the  last-quoted  author  as  a  pat 
tern  for  the  attainment  of  the  art  of  speaking  clearly,  and 
then  proceeds  to  remark  : 

"Besides  perspicuity,  there  must  be  also  right  reasoning,  with 
out  which  perspicuity  serves  but  to  expose  the  speaker.  And  for 
attaining  of  this,  I  should  propose  the  constant  reading  of  Chil 
lingworth,  who,  by  his  example,  will  teach  both  perspicuity,  and 
the  way  of  right  reasoning,  better  than  any  book  that  I  know, 
and  therefore  will  deserve  to  be  road  upon  that  account  over  and 
over  again,  not  to  say  any  thing  of  his  argument." — Some  Thoughts 
concerning  Heading  and  Study  for  a  Gentleman. 
Lord  Clarendon  tells  us  that 

"  Mr.  Chillingworth  was  a  man  of  so  great  subtilty  of  tinder- 
standing,  and  so  rare  a  temper  in  debate,  that  as  it  was  impossible 
to  provoke  him  into  any  passion,  so  it  was  very  difficult  to  keep  a 
man's  self  from  being  a  little  discomposed  by  his  sharpness,  and 
quickness  of  argument,  and  instances,  in  which  he  had  a  rare 
facility,  and  a  great  advantage  over  all  the  men  I  ever  knew." 

"Those  who  desire  to  know  the  doctrines  of  the  Church  of  Eng 
land,  must  read  especially  Chillingworth's  admirable  book,  The 
Religion  of  Protestants." — MOSHEIM. 

Chillingworth's  "new  creed  was  built  on  the  principle,  that  the 
Bible  is  our  sole  judge,  and  private  reason  our  sole  interpreter ; 
and  he  most  ably  maintains  this  position  in  the  Religion  of  a 
Protestant,  a  book  which  is  still  esteemed  the  most  solid  defence 
of  the  Reformation." — EDWARD  GIBBON. 

He  was  "  the  best  reasoner  jnd  the  most  acute  logician  of  his 
age." — DR.  REID. 

"  His  great  excellency  consisted  in  his  acquired  logic,  the  syllo 
gisms  of  Aristotle  and  Crakenthorp  having  been  a  principal  part 
of  his  studies." — DR.  BARLOW. 

"  In  testimony  of  his  true  conversion,  he  wrote  a  book  entituled, 
The  Religion  of  Protestants  a  safe  way  to  Salvation,  against  Mr. 
Knott  the  Jesuit.  I  will  not  say,  '  Malo  nodo  malus  quaerendus 
est  cuneus,'  but  affirm  no  person  better  qualified  than  this  author 
with  all  necessary  accomplishments  to  encounter  a  Jesuit.  It  is 
commonly  reported  that  Dr.  Prideaux  compared  his  book  to  a 
lamprey;  fit  for  food,  if  the  venomous  sting  were  taken  out  of  the 
back  thereof:  a  passage,  in  my  opinion,  inconsistent  with  the 
doctor's  approbation,  prefixed  in  the  beginning  of  his  book." — 
Fuller's  Worthies. 

Lord  Mansfield  mentions  Chillingworth  as  a  perfect 
model  of  argumentation.  Bishop  Warburton  observes 
that  the  student 

"  Will  see  all  the  school  jargon  of  the  subtle  Jesuit  incomparably 
exposed ;  and  the  long  dispute  between  the  two  churches,  for  the 
first  time,  placed  upon  its  proper  immovable  ground,  the  Bible 
alone." 

"  If  you  would  have  your  son  reason  well,  let  him  read  Chilling- 
worth."—  LOCKE  :  On  Education. 

For  a  comparison  between  Chillingworth,  Barrow,  Tay 
lor,  and  Hooker,  see  BARROW. 

Mr.  Hallam,  in  comparing  Chillingworth  with  his  po 
lemical  adversary  Knott,  remarks  that 

"Knott  is  by  no  means  a  despicable  writer;  he  is  concise,  po 
lished,  and  places  in  an.  advantageous  light  the  great  leading 
arguments  of  his  Church.  Chillingworth,  with  a  more  diffuse  and 
less  elegant  style,  is  greatly  superior  in  impetuosity  and  warmth. 
In  his  long  parenthetical  periods,  as  in  those  of  other  old  English 
writers;  in  his  copiousness,  which  is  never  empty  or  tautological, 
there  is  an  inartificial  elegance,  springing  from  strength  of  intel 
lect  and  sincerity  of  feeling,  that  cannot  fail  to  impress  the  reader. 
But  his  chief  excellence  is  the  close  reasoning,  which  avoids  every 
dangerous  admission,  and  yields  to  no  ambiguousness  of  language. 
.  .  .  The  work  of  Chillingworth  may  at  least  be  understood  and 
appreciated  without  reference  to  any  other;  the  condition,  per 
haps,  of  real  superiority  in  all  productions  of  the  mind." — Intro 
duction  to  the  Literature  of  Europe. 

Chi  1m cad,  Edward,  1610-1653,  clerk  of  Magdalen 
College,  Oxford.  Catalogus  MSS.  Grsecorum  in  Bibl. 
Bod.,  1636  j  a  MS.  for  the  use  of  the  Bodleian,  and  the 
most  complete  of  its  time.  Chilmead  wrote  some  learned 
works,  and  pub.  translations  from  Ferrand,  Modena,  Ac. 
His  tract,  De  Musica  antiqua  Grseca,  was  printed  at  the 
end  of  the  Oxford  edit,  of  Aratus,  1672.  His  work  on 
Globes,  Celestial  and  Terrestrial,  appeared  in  1639,  8vo. 
Chilton,  John.  Positive  Institutions,  Lon.,  1730,  Svo. 
Chilton,  Richard.  Observations  rel.  to  Anabaptism, 
Ac.,  Lon.,  1748,  Svo. 

Chipman,  Daniel.     Law  of  Contracts,  Middlebury, 
1822,  Svo.     See  Hoffman's  Leg.  Stu.,  385.     Reports  of 
Cases  in  the  Supreme  Court  of  Vermont,  1789-1824,  Mid 
dlebury,  1824,  Svo;  Burlington,  1835.    Life  of.Nath.  Chip 
man,  with  selections  from  his  Papers,  Boston,  1846,  Svo. 
Chipman,  Nath.  Principles  of  Government,!  793,8vo. 
"  The  style  of  this  work  is  very  involved  and  obscure.     His 
thoughts  are  not  distinct,  and  the  work,  as  a  whole,  is  too  ab 
stract  and  inconclusive  to  be  of  much  service  to  practical  men."— 
13  A.  J.,  465. 

Chippendale,    Thomas.      Household    Furniture. 
1762,  fol. 

Chirol,  J.  L.     1.  Serm.     2.  Inquiry,  1810,  '20,  Svo. 
Chisenhale,  Sir  Edward.  Catholike  History,  Lon., 


CHI 

1653,  12mo.     Elicited  by  Thos.  Vane's  Lost   Sheep  Re 
turned  Home,  1648,  Svo. 

Chisholm,  Mrs.  Caroline,  b.  1810,  Wooton,  North 
amptonshire,  Eng.  Voluntary  Information  of  the  People 
of  New  South  Wales.  See  Memoirs  and  Sketches  of,  by 
Mackenzie,  12mo. 

Chisholm,  Colin,  M.D.  Profess,  treat.,  1795-1813. 

Chishull,  Edmund,  d.  1733,  a  native  of  Bedford 
shire,  M.A.,  Corpus  Christi  College,  1693  ;  Chaplain  to  the 
English  Factory  at  Smyrna,  1698-1705 ;  Vicar  of  Wal- 
tharastow,  1711;  Rector  of  South  Church,  Essex,  1731. 
A  charge  of  Heresy  against  Dodwell,  1706,  Svo.  Serms., 
1708,  '11,  '12,  '14,  '16,  '18,  '19.  Mr.  C.  paid  much  atten 
tion  to  Classical  Antiquities.  Inscriptio  Sigae  antiquissima, 
Lon.,  1721,  fol.  Antiquitates  Asiaticse,  «fec.,  1728,  fol.  In 
this  learned  work  are  included  previous  publications  of 
the  author.  Travels  in  Turkey  and  back  to  England,  1747, 
fol. ;  pub.  by  the  learned  Dr.  Mead. 

Chishull,  John.     Theolog.  Treatises,  1657,  '58. 

Chisman,  Chris.  The  Lamb  contending  with  the 
Lion,  1649,  4to. 

Chittenden,  Thomas,  1730-1797,  first  Governor  of 
Vermont.  Several  of  his  Letters  to  Congress  and  to  Gene 
ral  Washington  have  been  pub.  See  Williams's  Vermont; 
Graham's  Sketch  of  V. 

Chitty,  Edward.  An  Index  to  all  the  Reported 
Cases,  <fcc.  in  the  English  and  Irish  Courts  of  Equity  to 
August,  1837,  2d  edit.,  Lon.,  1867 ;  3d  edit,  brought  down 
to  1853,  by  James  Macauley,  4  vols.  roy.  Svo,  Lon.,  1853  ; 
Phila.,  1831,  2  vols.  Svo.  Chitty,  E.,  and  Foster,  F.  j  A 
Digested  Index  to  C.  L.  R.,  relative  to  Conveyancing  and 
Bankruptcy,  from  1558  to  the  present  time,  Lon.,  1841, 
Svo.  Chitty,  E.,  and  Montagu,  B. ;  Cases  in  Bankruptcy 
in  C.  of  R.  and  S.  C.,  1838-40,  Lon.,  1840,  Svo. 

Chitty,  Henry.  A  Treatise  on  the  Law  of  Descents, 
Lon.,  1825,  Svo. 

Chitty,  Jos.,  1776-1841,  an  eminent  special  pleader, 
was  called  to  the  Bar  by  the  honourable  Society  of  the 
Middle  Temple  in  1816.  As  a  legal  author  he  long  occu 
pied  the  first  rank.  On  the  Laws  of  Bills  of  Exchange, 
Lon.,  1799,  Svo ;  9th  edit,  by  J.  H.  Chitty  and  J.  W.  Hulme, 
1840,  Svo;  10th  Amer.  edit,  Springfield,  1842,  Svo,  new 
edit,  1849,  Svo.  The  Precedents  of  General  Issues,  &c., 
Lon.,  1805.  Pleadings  and  Parties  to  Actions,  Lon.,  1808, 
2  vols.  Svo  j  7th  edit,  by  H.  Greening,  Lon.,  1844,  2  vols. 
Svo;  8th  Amer.  edit,  Springfield,  1844;  llth  Amer.  edit, 
by  J.  C.  Perkins,  1847,  3  vols.  Svo. 

u  No  practical  lawyer  can  dispense  with  this  book.  The  student 
should  familiarize  himself  with  every  part  of  it." 

Law  relative   to  Apprentices   and   Journeymen,  Lon., 

1811,  Svo.     Prospectus  of  a  Course  of  Lectures  on  the 
Commercial  Laws,  1810;  new  edit,  1836.    Law  of  Nations 
relative  to  Belligerents  and  Neutrals,  Lon.,  1812,  Svo ; 
Boston,  1812,  Svo.     Beawes's  Lex  Mercatoria,  6th  edit, 

1812,  2  vols.  4to.     Game  Laws  and  Fisheries,  Lon.,  1812, 
2  vols.  Svo.   Foreign  and  Domestic  Commerce,  Lon.,  1818, 
2  vols.  Svo.     Laws  of  Commerce  and  Manufactures,  and 
the   Contracts  relating  thereto,  Lon.,  1825,  4  vols.  Svo. 
Practical  Treatise  on  the  Criminal  Law,  Lon.,  1818,  4  vols. 
Svo;  Amer.  edit  by  J.  C.  Perkins,  New  York,  1847,  3 
vols.  Svo. 

"  It  has  had  an  extended  circulation  throughout  the  United 
States,  and  has  hitherto  been  more  generally  used  than  any  other 
book  upon  criminal  law." — Marvin's  Legal  Bibl. ;  Ball's  Journal 
ofL.,\QA.J.  371. 

Reports  of  Cases  principally  on  Practice  and  Pleading, 
&c.  in  C.  K.  B.,  Lon.,  1819,  '20,  2  vols.  Svo. 

Practice  of  the  Court  of  King's  Bench,  Common  Pleas, 
and  Exchequer,  Lon.,  1832,  12mo. 

"  From  the  masterly  book  of  Mr.  Tidd,  or  from  the  admirably  ar 
ranged  one  of  Mr.  Archbold,  it  never  can  be  conceived  that  the 
Profession  will  fly  to  this  crude  and  undigested  notice  of  Reports 
of  Practice." — Legal  Exam.,  110. 

Amendments  of  Variances,  &c.,  2d  edit,  Lon.,  1834, 
Svo.  Practical  Treatise  on  Medical  Jurisprudence,  <fcc., 
Part  L,  Lon.,  1834,  Svo;  all  that  was  pub.,  Phil.,  1836, 
8vo.  Mr.  Chitty  at  one  time  studied  Medicine,  and  has 
given  ua  his  learning  in  this  work,  unfortunately  in 
complete. 

« Invaluable  to  lawyer  or  medical  man."  «  Chitty's  eminence  as 
a  lawyer  is  well  appreciated,  although  it  is  not  known  that  he  was 
originally  educated  for  the  medical  profession.  This  work  was  his 
own  favourite  subject,  and  he  laboured  incessantly  to  render  it 
perfect,  availing  himself  of  assistance  and  works  of  all  eminent 
men,— Dr.  Beck,  Darwall,  Paris,  Fonblanque,  Gordon  Smith.  Ryan 
Quain,  Elliotson,  Blumenbach,  Good,  Astley  Cooper,  Copeland 
Prichard,  Gray,  Thomson,  Farr,  Fordyce,  Wilcocke,  Lancet,  Medi 
cal  Gazette,  Journal,  Bell,  Amos,  Edwards,  Turner,  Bostock,  Law 
rence,  Lizars.  Cuvier,  Young,  and  numerous  others." 

Concise  View  of  the  Principles,  Object,  and  Utility  of 
380 


CHO 

Pleadings,  2d  edit,  Lon.,  1835,  2  vols.  Svo.  General  Prac 
tice  of  the  Law  in  all  its  Departments,  3d  edit,  Lon., 
1837-42;  Phila.,  1836-40,  4  vols.  Svo. 

"  Valuable  as  are  Mr.  Chitty's  former  labours,  and  highly  as 
they  are  appreciated  by  the  profession,  we  have  no  hesitation  in 
expressing  our  conviction  that  the  merits  and  usefulness  of  the 
present  work  will  entitle  him  to  claim  from  them  a  double  debt 
of  gratitude.'' — London  Law  Magazine. 

"  It  is  the  only  work  of  modern  days  that  really  presents,  as  it 
professes,  a  connected  view  of  the  whole  system  of  the  civil  ad 
ministration  of  justice,  in  every  department  as  it  now  exists;  and 
is,  therefore,  well  calculated  to  become  a  companion  to  Black- 
stone's  Commentaries." — Warren's  Law  Studies. 

(And  J.  W.  Hulme;)  Collection  of  Statutes  of  practical 
Utility,  Lon.,  1837,  2  vols.  8vo. 

"The  best  work  of  the  kind  extant." — Warren's  Law  Studies. 
Practical  Treatises  on  the  Stamp  Laws,  2d  edit,  by 
J.  W.  Hulme,  Lon.,  1841,  12m o.  Vattel's  Law  of  Na 
tions  ;  a  new  edit  by  J.  C. ;  7th  Amer.  edit,  with  Notes 
and  References  by  E.  D.  Ingraham,  Esq.,  Phila.,  1852, 
Svo.  The  1st  edit  of  Vattel  was  pub.  in  Switzerland  in 
1758  ;  in  English,  1760.  Mr.  Chitty  thus  commends  it : 

"  I  affirm,  without  the  hazard  of  a  contradiction,  that  every  one 
who  has  attentively  read  Vattel's  work,  will  admit  that  he  has  ac 
quired  a  knowledge  of  superior  sentiments,  and  more  important 
information  than  he  ever  derived  from  any  other  work. 
Mr.  Chitty's  edition  deserves  high  praise : 
"  The  reader  and  student  of  Monsieur  Vattel's  work  cannot  fail 
to  admire  the  style  and  manner  in  which  the  grave  and  difficult 
subjects  of  which  it  treats  are  elucidated  and  discussed.  There  is 
a  clearness  and  conciseness,  and  at  the  same  time,  an  eloquence 
in  these  commentaries,  presented  even  in  the  translation,  which 
entitle  them,  apart  from  their  weight  of  authority,  to  a  place  by 
the  side  of  Blackstone."— Lon.  Literary  World. 

Mr.  Chitty's  edit  of  Blackstone  should  accompany  the 
above  volume.  Several  members  of  Mr.  Chitty's  family 
have  distinguished  themselves  as  legal  authors  or  editors, 
(q.  v.) 

Chitty,  Joseph,  Jr.    A  Treatise  on  the  Law  of  the 
Prerogatives  of  the  Crown,  and  the  relative  Duties  and 
Rights  of  the  Subject,  Lon.,  1820,  8vo. 
"  A  valuable  work."— Petersdorfs  Led.  64. 

Precedents  in  Reading,  <fcc.,  edited  by  Henry  Pearson 
and  Thompson  Chitty,  Lon.,  1836,  2  parts,  Svo.  Amer. 
edit,  Springfield,  1839,  2  vols.  8vo.  Bills  of  Exchange, 
<fec.,  Lon.,  1834,  2  vols.  Svo.  Summary  of  the  Office  and 
Duties  of  Constables,  Lon.,  1837,  12mo;  3d  edit,  by  T. 
W.  Saunders,  1844,  12mo.  Law  of  Contracts  not  under 
Seal,  <fec. ;  3d  edit.,  corrected,  rearranged,  and  enlarged  by 
T.  Chitty,  Lon.,  1840,  Svo;  6th  Amer.,  from  the  3d  Lon., 
edit,  with  addits.  by  J.  C.  Perkins,  Springfield,  1844,  Svo. 
"I  ought  not  to  omit  to  recommend  Chitty  on  Contracts.  The 
book  is  skilfully  arranged,  clearly  written,  the  cases  well  classified, 
and  most  fully  collected.  For  both  the  student  and  practitioner 
this  work  is  equally  useful,  instructive,  and  necessary." — PKOF. 
WHITESIDE. 

Chitty,  T.  Forms  of  Practical  Proceedings  in  the 
Courts  of  Q.  B.,  C.  P.,  and  Exchequer  of  Pleas,  Lon.,  1834, 
Svo;  7th  edit,  1845,  12mo. 

Choate,  Rufus,  b.  1799,  at  Ipswich,  Massachusetts, 
an  eminent  lawyer  and  late  United  States  Senator  from 
Mass.,  graduated  at  Dartmouth  College  in  1819.  He  was 
chosen  a  tutor  in  that  institution,  but  preferred  the  pro 
fession  of  the  Law,  and  entered  the  Law  School  at  Cam 
bridge.  His  orations,  several  of  which  have  been  pub., 
have  been  greatly  admired.  In  1832  he  was  elected  a 
member  of  Congress  from  the  Essex  district.  In  1841  he 
was  elected  a  U.  S.  Senator  in  place  of  Daniel  Webster, 
resigned. 

Cholmley,  Hugh.  State  of  the  New  Roman  Church, 
1629,  Svo. 

Cholmondeley.  The  Four  Gospels,  Lon.,  1836,  r.  Svo. 
See  Home's  Bib.  Bibl. 

Chorley,  H.  F.  Conti,  and  other  Tales,  Lon.,  3  vols. 
p.  Svo.  Lion,  3  vols.  p.  Svo.  Music  and  Manners  in  France 
and  Germany,  3  vols.  p.  Svo,  1841.  Pomfret,  3  vols.  p.  Svo, 
1845.  Sketches  of  a  Sea  Port  Town,  3  vols.  p.  8vo.  Memo 
rials  of  Mrs.  Hemans.  The  Authors  of  England ;  15  plates ; 
with  Biog.  and  Crit,  Sketches,  by  H.  F.  C.,  1838,  r.  4to. 

"An  annual  of  the  first  magnitude  and  importance." — Lon. 
Spectator. 

"  This,  for  the  present  season,  shall  be  our  Annual.  The  piites 
are  exquisitely  engraved." — Lon.  Athenatum. 

Chorley,  Joseph.  Metrical  Index  to  the  Bible, 
Norw.,  1711,  8vo. 

Chorley,  William  B.,  b.  about  1800,  in  Lancashire, 
Eng. ;  older  brother  of  H.  F.  Chorley.  Translated  Lyrics 
of  Korner  from  the  German,  Liverpool,  1835,  12mo. 

Chorlton,  Thomas.     Funl.  Serm.,  Lon.,  1773,  Svo. 

Choules,  John  Overton,  D.D.,  b.  1801,  at  Bristol, 
Eng.;  settledin America,  1824.  Historyof  Missions, 2 vols. 
4to,  plates ;  3d  ed.,  1840.  Christian  Offering.  Young  Ameri- 


CHO 


CHU 


cans  Abroad,  1852.  Cruise  of  Steam  Yacht  "North  Star," 
1854,  12mo.  Ed.  Neal's  Hist,  of  the  Puritans,  with  copious 
notes;  Foster's  Lives  of  the  Statesmen  of  the  Common 
wealth  ;  Hinton's  U.  States,  2  vols.  4to,  1824-53.  Con 
tributor  to  various  Religious  Journals. 

Chovenus,  Thos.  Collections  Theologicae,  Lon., 
1635,  8vo. 

Christian,  Edward.  Reflections.  &c.  rel.  to  the  mur 
der  of  Sir  E.  Godfrey,  Lon.,  1679,  foL 

Christian,  Edward,  d.  1823,  Professor  of  the  Laws 
of  England  in  the  University  of  Cambridge,  was  educated 
at  St.  John's  College,  Cambridge.  A  Vindication  of  the 
Rights  of  the  Universities  of  G.  B.  to  a  copy  of  every  new 
publication,  3d  edit.,  Lon.,  1818,  8vo.  Rules  of  Evidence 
before  the  House  of  Lords,  1792,  Svo.  Blackstone's  Com 
mentaries,  with  copious  Notes,  1795,  4  vols.  Svo.  Origin 
of  the  Two  Houses  of  Parliament,  1810,  Svo.  Syllabus  of 
Lectures,  1797,  Svo.  Bankrupt  Laws,  2d  edit.,  1818,  2  vols. 
Svo.  Every  statute  and  general  order  of  the  chancellor  is 
considered  chronologically.  Game  Laws,  1816,  Svo.  Plan 
for  a  country  Provident  Bank,  1816,  8vo.  Other  treatises. 

Christian,  Edward.  Minutes  of  C.  Martial  rel.  to 
the  Mutiny  on  the  "Bounty,"  1792. 

Christian,  L,t.  T.  P.     Plays,  Ac.,  1790,  '91,  '95. 

Christian,  Theoph.  The  Fashionable  World  dis 
played,  1804. 

Christie,  Alex.     Theolog.  treatises,  Montrose,  1790. 

Christie,  Hugh,  1730-1774.  Educational  works, 
1760,  '91. 

Christie,  J.   Con.  to  Med.  and  Phys.  Jour.,  1799,  1SOO. 

Christie,  J.  Traill.  Concise  Precedents  of  Wills, 
Lon.,  1S49,  12mo. 

Christie,  James,  d.  1831,  an  antiquary  and  auc 
tioneer  of  London.  Inquiry  into  the  Ancient  Greek  Game, 
supposed  to  have  been  invented  by  Palamedes,  &c.,  Lon., 
1801,  4to.  Etruscan  Vases,  1809,  fol.  ;  100  copies  printed. 
An  Essay  on  the  earliest  species  of  Idolatry,  the  Worship 
of  the  Elements,  1S15,  Svo.  Painted  Greek  Vases,1825,  4to. 

Christie,  James.  Analysis  of  a  Report,  <fcc.,  Lon., 
1847,  Svo. 

Christie,  Thomas,  1761-1796,  a  native  of  Montrose. 
Letters  on  the  Revolution  of  France,  Lon.,  1791,  Svo. 
Miscellanies;  Philosophical,  Medical,  and  Moral,  1792,8v». 

Christie,  Thomas,  M.D.   Small  Pox,  &c.,  1799,  1811. 

Christie,  W.D.  Plea  for  Perpetual  Copyright,  Lon., 
1840,  Svo. 

Christie,  William,  1710-1744.    Latin  Grammar,  &c. 

Christison,  Alex.  General  Diffusion  of  Knowledge, 
Edin.,  1802.  Mathemat.  con.  to  Ann.  Philos.,  1815,  '17. 

Christison,  John.    Simson's  Euclid;  new  edit.,  Svo. 

Christison,  Robert,  M.D.,  Prof.  Materia  Medica, 
Univ.  Edin.  A  Dispensatory;  Amer.  ed.,  with  addits.  by 
R.  E.  Griffith,  M.D.,  Phila,,  1848,  Svo. 

"  It  appears  to  us  as  perfect  as  a  Dispensatory,  in  the  present 
state  of  the  pharmaceutical  science,  could  be  made."  —  Western 
Journal  of  Medicine  and  Surgery. 

Granular  Degeneration  of  the  Kidneys,  Lon.,  1838,  Svo. 
A  Treatise  on  Poisons,  4th  edit.,  Edin.,  1844,  Svo.  1st  Amer. 
from  the  4th  English  edit.,  Phila.,  1S45,  Svb. 

"It  is  beyond  comparison  the  most  valuable  practical  Treatise 
on  Toxicology  extant."—  ion.  Med.  and  Phys.  Journal. 

"Dr.  Christison's  great  work  on  Poisons,  by  far  the  best  in  Me 
dical  Jurisprudence  in  our  language."  —  Blackwood's  Mag. 

4i  One  of  the  greatest  additions  that  has  been  made  to  the  stores 
of  Medical,  and  especially  of  Medico-legal,  Literature."—  Buchrier's 
Repertorium. 

"  It  exhausts  the  subject,  and  is  of  the  highest  authority."—  2 
Wett.  Law  Journal,  432. 

Christmas,  Henry,  Rev.  Cradle  of  Twin  Giants: 
Science  and  History,  Lon.,  2  vols.  p.  Svo.  Sundry  theo 
logical  treatises.  Preachers  and  Preaching,  1858,  fp. 
Svo. 

Christmas,  Joseph  S.   Valedictory  Admonit.,  1828. 

Christopherson,  John,  d.  1558,  Bishop  of  Chiches- 
ter,  educated  at  St.  John's  College,  Cambridge,  opposed 
the  Reformation.  Trans,  of  Philo  Judaeus  into  *Latin, 
Antw.,  1553,  4to.  Trans,  of  the  Ecclesiastical  Histories 
of  Eusebius,  Socrates,  Sozornon,  Evagrius,  and  Theodoret, 
Louv.,  1570,  Svo;  Cologne,  1570,  fol.  The  Tragedy  of 
Jephtha,  both  in  Latin  and  Greek;  about  1546  :  probably 
a  Christmas  Play  for  Trinity  College.  Exhortation  to  all 
Menne  to  take  Hede  and  Beware  of  Rebellion,  Lon.,  1553, 
'54,  16mo. 

Christy,  David,  b.  1S02,  in  Ohio.  Letters  on  the 
Geology  of  the  West  and  South-West.  Chemistry  of  Agri 
culture.  Lectures  on  Colonization.  This  work  was  favour 
ably  noticed  by  the  Westminster  Rev.  History  of  Missions 
in  Africa.  Elements  of  Slavery.  Billy  McConnell,  the 
Witch-Doctor,  &c. 


Chubb,  Thomas,  1679-1746,  a  literary  tallow-chand 
ler.  The  Supremacy  of  the  Father  asserted,  Lon.,  1715,  Svo. 
The  Previous  Question  with  regard  to  Religion,  and  a  Sup 
plement,  1725,  Svo.  Three  Tracts,  1727,  Svo.  A  Collec 
tion  of  Tracts,  1730,  Svo.  A  Discourse  concerning  Reason 
with  regard  to  Religion  and  Divine  Revelation,  1731,  Svo. 
An  Enquiry,  <fcc.,  1732,  Svo.  Memoirs,  1747,  Svo.  Tracts 
and  Posthumous  Works,  1754,  6  vols.  Svo.  For  a  confu 
tation  of  Chubb's  follies,  see  Leland's  Deistical  Writers; 
Lemoine  on  Miracles  ;  Mosheim's  Eccles.  Hist.  ;  Van  Mil- 
dert's  Boyle  Lectures. 

"  He  acts  the  part  of  a  solemn,  grave  buffoon  ;  sneers  at  all 
things  he  does  not  understand;  and  after  all  his  fair  promises,  and 
the  caveat  he  has  entered  against  such  a  charge,  must  unavoidably 
be  set  down  in  the  seat  of  the  scorner."  —  DR.  LAW. 

Chubb,  William.     Sermons,  <fcc.,  Lon.,  1585. 

Chudleigh,  Sir  George.  Declaration,  Lon.,  1644,4to. 

Chudleigh,  James.  Exploits  Discovered,  &c.,  Lon., 
1643,  4to. 

Chudleigh,  Lady  Mary,  1656-1710,  wife  of  Sir 
George  Chudleigh,  was  a  daughter  of  Richard  Lee  of  De 
vonshire.  Poems,  Lon.,  1703  ;  3d  edit.,  1722,  Svo.  Essays 
in  Prose  and  Verse,  1710,  Svo.  For  a  number  of  her  letters, 
see  Curll's  Collection,  vol.  3d  ;  and  the  Memoirs  of  Richard 
Guinnett  and  Mrs.  Thomas,  1731,  2  vols.  Svo. 

"  Her  Essays  discover  an  uncommon  degree  of  piety  and  know 
ledge;  and  a  noble  contempt  of  those  vanities  which  the  generality 
of  her  rank  so  eagerly  pursue."  —  Bollard's  British  Ladies. 

Lady  Mary,  it  is  said,  left  in  MS.  a  number  of  tragedies, 
operas,  masques,  <fec. 

Church,  Albert  E.,  b.  Salisbury,  Conn.,  Prof.  Math. 
U.S.  Military  Acad.,  West  Point.  Elements  of  Analytical 
Geometry.  Elements  of  the  Differential  and  Integral  Calcu 
lus  ;  containing  the  Elements  of  the  Calculus  of  Variations. 

<;  The  works  of  Prof.  Church  are  used  in  many  of  the  best  Col 
leges  throughout  the  United  States." 

Church,  Benjamin,  1639-1718,  of  Duxbury,  Massa 
chusetts.  History  of  Philip's  War,  compiled  from  his  MS. 
by  his  son  Thomas  Church,  1716;  4th  ed.,  with  Notes  by 
S.  G.  Drake,  1827.  See  Church's  Narrative. 

Church,  Benjamin,  M.D.,  of  Boston,  Mass.  Elegy 
on  the  Times,  1765;  on  Dr.  Mayhew,  1766;  on  the  Death 
of  Whitefield,  1770.  Oration,  1773.  See  Thacher's  Medi 
cal  Biog. 

Church,  C.  C.  A  Due  Ordination  as  necessary  as  a 
Due  Call  to  the  Gospel  Priesthood,  Sermon,  1797. 

Church,  Daniel,  or  Ecclesiensis,  a  domestic  in 
the  Court  of  Henry  II.,  circ,  1180.  Parvus  Cato,  trans. 
by  Burgh,  and  afterwards  by  John  Lydgate.  Printed  by 
Caxton,  Lon.,  fol.,  sine  anno. 

Church,  Mrs.  Eliza  Rodman,  (n^eMcIllvane,) 
b.  1831.  She  has  written  under  the  nom  de  plume  of 
Ella  Rodman.  Her  works  are  Flights  of  Fancy,  N.Y., 
12mo.  Grandmother's  Recollections,  N.Y.,  1851,  12mo. 
The  Catanese,  N.Y.,  1853.  Christinas  Wreath,  Phila.,  1857. 
Contrib.  to  various  magazines. 

Church,  Henry.  Nature  of  God  and  his  Attributes, 
Lon.,  1637,  fol.  Church  Incense. 

"  Here  many  secrets  in  Scripture  are  unveiled." 

Church  Incense,  or  Divine  Ejaculations,  Lon.,1665,12mo* 
This  is  ascribed  by  Lowndes  to  Nath.  Church. 

Church,  John.     Infant  Baptism,  Lon.,  1648,  4to. 

Church,  John,  Surgeon.  A  Cabinet  of  Quadrupeds, 
Lon.,  1795-1805,  2  vols.  4to;  £9;  in  43  Nos. 

"A  beautiful  and  interesting  work.  The  representations  are 
remarkable  for  the  singular  elegance  of  the  designs  and  engrav 
ings."  —  British  Critic. 

Con.  to  Memoirs  Med.,  17S9,  '92. 

Church,  Nath.  1.  Cheap  Riches  ;  or  a  Pocket  Com 
panion  made  of  Five  Hundred  Proverbiall  Aphoristnes,  &c., 
Lon.,  1654,  12mo.  2.  Divine  Ejaculations,  1665,  12mo, 
This  is  ascribed  by  Watt  to  Henry  Church. 

Church,  Pharcellus.  Mapleton;  or,  More  Work 
for  the  Maine  Law,  N.  York,  1854,  12mo. 

"We  see  plainly  before  us,  panorama-like,  in  living  pictures,  the 
horrid  effects  of  the  use  of  intoxicating  liquors." 

Other  works. 

Church,  Richard.  National  Education  in  England, 
Lon.,  1854,  Svo. 

"  It  embraces  all  the  debatable  questions  of  national  education, 
(omitting  only  the  subjects  that  should  be  taught,)  and  it  deals 
with  them  with  a  master's  hand."—  Westminster  Review. 

Church,  Thomas.  His  Remonstrance,  Lon.,  1644,  4to. 

Church,  Thomas,  D.D.,  1707-1756,  educated  at  Bra- 

senose  College,  Oxford,  Prebendary  of  St.  Paul's,  wrote 

several  controversial  treatises,  <fec.     A  Vindication  of  the 

Miraculous  Powers,  &c.,  in  answer  to  Dr.  Middleton's  Free 

Inquiry,  1750,  Svo.      A  Second  Vindication,   1751,  Svo. 

j  Analysis  of  the  Philos.  Works  of  Bolingbroke.     Serms., 

1  1748,  '51,  '52,  '53,  '54,  '55,  '56,  '68,  '78.     Other  works. 


GHU 


CIIU 


Churchey,  William.  Poems,  Essays,  Ac.,  Lon.,  1789, 
1804. 

Churchill,  Col.  Ten  Years'  Residence  on  Mount  Le 
banon,  from  1842-52,  Lon.,  1854,  3  vols.  8vo. 
"  A  valuable  and  interesting  work." 
Churchill,  Lord.  Letter  to  the  King,  fol. 
Churchill,  Charles,  1731-1764,  a  native  of  West 
minster,  of  which  parish  his  father  was  curate,  was  educated 
at  Westminster  School,  and  resided  for  a  short  time  at 
Trinity  College,  Cambridge.  A  clandestine  marriage  at  an 
early  age  indicated  a  want  of  prudence,  which  was  after 
wards  manifested  in  a  remarkable  degree.  In  1756  he  was 
ordained  priest  by  Bishop  Sherlock,  and  two  years  later 
succeeded  his  father  in  the  curacy  and  lectureship  of  St. 
John's  at  Westminster.  About  this  time  his  parishioners 
were  much  shocked  by  the  very  unclerical  deportment  of 
their  pastor,  who  was  more  frequently  to  be  found  at  the 
theatre  than  in  his  library,  and  who  neglected  the  society 
of  grave  and  reverend  prelates  for  companionship  with 
some  of  the  most  dissipated  "  men  about  town."  External 
decency  soon  followed  forsaken  principles,  and  the  clergy 
man  shortly  appeared,  to  the  wonder  of  the  town,  in  a  blue 
coat,  ruffles,  and  gold-laced  hat !  He  had  already  tried  his 
powers  as  a  poet. ~  The  Bard,  written  in  1759,  was  rejected 
by  the  booksellers,  and  The  Conclave,  a  satire  upon  the 
Dean  and  Chapter  of  Westminster,  was  suppressed  by  the 
influence  of  Churchill's  friends.  In  1761,  after  being  re 
fused  five  guineas  for  The  Rosciad — a  satire  upon  the  per 
formers  at  Drury  Lane  and  Covent-Garden  theatres — he 
pub.  it  at  his  own  risk  in  March,  1761.  Its  success  sur 
passed  his  most  extravagant  hopes.  The  Critical  Reviewers 
showed  it  no  mercy,  and  Churchill  retorted  in  The  Apology. 
Dr.  Pearce,  the  Dean  of  Westminster,  took  the  triumphant 
and  gratified  author  seriously  to  task  for  such  dereliction 
from  his  professional  duties  and  character.  Churchill  was 
in  no  mood  to  be  reasoned  with,  and  he  at  once  resigned 
his  post,  and  became  an  avowed  man  of  the  world — we  are 
sorry  to  say  in  the  worst  sense  of  the  term.  He  even  de 
serted  his  wife,  who  had  shared  his  privations  in  the  strait 
ened  circumstances  of  earlier  days,  and  thus  walking  "in 
the  counsel  of  the  ungodly,"  we  soon  find  him  occupying 
"  the  seat  of  the  scorner,"  and  casting  off  all  fear  of  Hea 
ven.  That  notorious  profligate  and  abandoned  debauchee, 
John  Wilkes,  was  a  proper  mate  for  such  an  apostate,  and 
in  him  Churchill  confided  as  his  Guide,  Philosopher,  and 
Friend.  Wilkes  made  him  pay  for  the  honour  of  his  com 
pany,  and  instigated  him  to  write  The  Prophecy  of  Famine, 
a  Scots  Pastoral,  1763,  4to,  which  he  said  was  sure  to  suc 
ceed,  as  it  was  at  once  personal,  poetical,  and  political.  It 
is  a  bitter  satire  against  the  Scottish  nation.  He  had  pre 
viously  given  to  the  world,  Night,  a  Poem,  1761,  4to.  The 
Ghost,  in  4  Books,  1762,  '63,  4to.  Epistle  to  Hogarth,  1763, 
4to.  (The  painter  had  represented  Churchill  in  the  form 
of  a  bear,  dressed  canonically,  with  ruffles  at  his  paws,  and 
holding  a  pot  of  porter.)  The  Conference,  a  Poem,  1763, 
4to.  To  the  Prophecy  of  Famine  succeeded  The  Duellist, 
1763,  4to.  The  Author;  Gotham;  The  Candidate;  Inde 
pendence;  The  Times;.  Farewell;  all  1764,  4to.  The  Jour 
ney  was  pub.  after  his  death  ;  also  a  vol.  of  sermons.  In 
1764  Churchill  visited  the  Continent  to  embrace  his  friend 
Wilkes,  who  had 

"  Left  his  country  for  his  country's  good," 
and  was  residing  in  France.  The  friends  met  at  Boulogne  ; 
but  almost  amidst  the  first  congratulations,  Churchill  was 
attacked  with  the  military  fever,  and  after  a  few  days'  ill 
ness  he  was  summoned  to  his  "  dread  account,"  at  the  early 
age  of  34.  It  was  reported  that  his  last  exclamation  was, 
"What  a  fool  I  have  been!"  Wilkes  denied  this  :  we  should 
not  have  expected  him  to  admit  it,  if  undoubtedly  true. 
His  own  character,  as  well  as  Churchill's,  was  at  stake. 
That  the  erring  poet  experienced  remorse,  if  not  repentance, 
for  his  transgressions,  may  be  fairly  inferred  from  some 
memorable  lines  in  Thes  Conference : 

"The  tale  which  angry  Conscience  tells, 
When  she  with  more  than  tragic  horror  swells 
Each  circumstance  of  guilt;  when  stern,  but  true, 
She  brings  bad  actions  forth  into  review, 
And,  like  the  dread  hand-writing  on  the  wall 
Bids  late  remorse  awake  at  Reason's  call : 
Armed  at  all  points,  bids  scorpion  vengeance  pass 

And  to  the  mind  holds  up  reflection's  glass, 

The  mind  which  starting  heaves  the  heart-felt  groan. 
And  hates  that  form  she  knows  to  be  her  own." 
A  volume  of  Churchill's  Sermons  on  the  Lord's  Prayer 
(by  some  attributed  to  C.'s  father)  were  pub.  in  1765,  8vo. 
Prefixed  is  a  satirical  dedication  (which  induced  the  pub 
lishers  to  give  £250  for  the  ten  sermons)  to  Bishop  Warbur- 
ton,  in  which  that  dignitary  is  addressed  as  "  Doctor,  Dean, 
Bishop,  Gloster,  and  My  Lord."    An  edit  of  his  works  was 


i  pub.  in  1754,  4to;  1774,  4  vols.  12mo;  with  Life  by  W 
Tooke,  1804,  2  vols.  Svo.  Churchill's  poetry  attracted  little 
attention  after  his  death,  and  is  now  almost  entirely  neg 
lected. 

"No  English  poet  had  ever  enjoyed  so  excessive  and  so  short 

lived  a  popularity ;  and,  indeed,  no  one  seems  more  thoroughly  to 

have  understood  his  own  powers;  there  is  no  indication  in  any  of 

his  pieces  that  he  could  have  done  any  thing  better  than  the  thing 

he  did.     To  Wilkes  he  said  that  nothing  came  out  till  he  began  to 

be  pleased  with  it  himself;  but,  to  the  public,  he  boasted  of  the 

haste  and  carelessness  with  which  his  verses  were  poured  forth. .  . . 

'  When  the  mad  fit  comes  on  I  seize  the  pen ; 

Rough  as  they  run,  the  rapid  thoughts  set  down, 

Rough  as  they  run,  discharge  them  on  the  town.' " 

Cowper  was  a  great  admirer  of  the  poetry  of  a  man  whose 
principles — or  want  of  them — he  could  not  but  detest: 

"He  is,  indeed,  a  careless  writer  for  the  most  part;  but  where 
shall  we  find  in  any  of  those  authors  who  finish  their  works  witM 
the  exactness  of  a  Flemish  pencil,  those  bold  and  daring  strokes 
of  fancy,  those  numbers  so  hazardously  ventured,  and  so  happily 
finished,  the  matter  so  compressed,  and  yet  so  clear,  and  the  colour 
so  sparingly  laid  on,  and  yet  with  such  a  beautiful  effect?  In  short, 
it  is  not  the  least  praise  that  he  is  never  guilty  of  those  faults  as  a 
writer,'  which  he  lays  to  the  charge  of  others.  A  proof  that  he  did 
not  charge  from  a  borrowed  standard,  or  from  rules  laid  down  by 
critics,  but  that  he  was  qualified  to  do  it  by  his  own  native  powers, 
and  his  great  superiority  of  genius." 

"  Churchill  may  be  ranked  as  a  satirist  immediately  after  Pope 
and  Dry  den,  with  perhaps  a  greater  share  of  humour 'than  either. 
He  has  the  bitterness  of  Pope,  with  less  wit  to  atone  for  it,  but  no 
mean  share  of  the  fine  manner  and  energetic  plainness  of  Dryden." 
— THOMAS  CAMPBELL. 

Churchill,  F.  F.,  D.D.     Serm.,  1773,  4to. 

Churchill,  Fleetwood,  M.D.  On  the  Theory  and 
Practice  of  Midwifery,  Dublin,  2d  ed.,  1850,  Svo.  Amer. 
edit.,  from  the  last  edit,  with  Notes  and  Addits.,  by  D. 
Francis  Condie,  M.D.,  Phila.,  1851,  Svo. 

"  The  lecturer,  the  practitioner,  and  the  student,  may  all  have 
recourse  to  its  pages,  and  derive  from  their  perusal  much  interest 
and  instruction  in  every  thing  relating  to  theoretical  and  practical 
midwifery." — Dublin  Quar.  Jour,  of  Med.  Science. 

Researches  on  Operative  Midwifery,  Dublin,  1841,  Svo. 
Essays  on  the  Puerperal  Fever,  and  other  Diseases  Peculiar 
to  Women;  Amer.  edit.,  by  Dr.  Condie,  Phila.,  1850,  Svo. 

"To  these  papers  Dr.  Churchill  has  appended  notes,  embodj'ing 
whatever  information  has  been  laid  before  the  profession  since  their 
author's  time.  He  has  also  prefixed  to  the  Essays  on  Puerperal 
Fever,  which  occupy  the  larger  portion  of  the  volume,  an  interest 
ing  historical  sketch  of  the  principal  epidemics  of  that  disease. 
The  whole  forms  a  very  valuable  collection  of  papers,  by  profes 
sional  writers  of  eminence,  on  some  of  the  most  important  acci 
dents  to  which  the  puerperal  female  is  liable." — American  Journal 
of  Medical  Sciences. 

On  the  Diseases  of  Women,  Dublin ;  3d  ed.,  1851, 12mo. 
A  new  Amer.  ed.,  revised  by  the  Author ;  with  Notes  and 
Addits.  by  D.  Francis  Condie,  M.D.,  Phila.,  1857,  Svo. 

"  It  surpasses  every  other  work  that  has  ever  issued  from  the 
British  press." — Dublin  Quar.  Jour. 

"  We  now  regretfully  take  leave  of  Dr.  Churchill's  book.  Had  our 
typographical  limits  permitted,  we  should  gladly  have  borrowed 
more  from  its  richly  stored  pages.  In  conclusion,  we  heartily  re 
commend  it  to  the  profession,  and  would  at  the  same  time  ex  press 
our  firm  conviction  that  it  will  not  only  add  to  the  reputation  of 
its  author,  but  will  prove  a  work  of  great  and  extensive  utility  to 
obstetric  practitioners."— Dublin  Medical  Press. 

Diseases  of  Infants  and.  Children,  Lon.,  1849,  Svo. 
Amer.  ed.,  by  Dr.  Keating,  P^hila.,  Svo. 

"  We  regard  this  volume  as  possessing  more  claims  to  complete 
ness  than  any  other  of  the  kind  with  which  we  are  acquainted. 
Most  cordially  and  earnestly,  therefore,  do  we  commend  it  to  our 
professional  brethren,  and  we  feel  assured  that  the  stamp  of  their 
approbation  will  in  d  ue  time  be  impressed  upon  it.  After  an  atten 
tive  perusal  of  its  contents,  we  hesitate  not  to  say,  that  it  is  one  of 
the  most  comprehensive  ever  written  upon  the  diseases  of  children, 
and  that,  for  copiousness  of  reference,  extent  of  research,  and  per 
spicuity  of  detail,  it  is  scarcely  to  be  equalled,  and  not  to  be  ex 
celled,  in  any  language." — Dublin  Quo.rterly  Journal. 

"  We  recommend  the  work  of  Dr.  Churchill  most  cordially  both 
to  students  and  practitioners,  as  a  valuable  and  reliable  guide  in 
the  treatment  of  the  diseases  of  children.-" — Amer.  Jour,  of  the  Med. 
Sciences. 

Churchill,  James.     Sermons,  1806,  '11. 

Churchill,  James  Morss,  M.D.,  and  John  Ste 
venson,  M.D.  Medical  Botany;  new  edit.,  edited  by 
Gilbert  Burnett. 

"  So  high  is  our  opinion  of  this  work,  that  we  recommend  every 
student  at  college,  and  every  surgeon  who  goes  abroad,  to  have  a 
copy,  as  one  of  the  essential  constituents  of  his  library." — Dr. 
Johnson's  Med.  Chir.  Review, 

Churchill,  Junius.     Liverpool  Odes,  1793,  4to. 

Churchill,  OAvnsham,  and  John.     Collection  of 
Voyages  and  Travels,  1704,  4  vols.  fol.;  1732,  8  vols.  fol. 
1744,  6  vols.  fol. ;  1752,  6  vols.  fol. ;  the  Harleian  Collection, 
1745-47,  2  vols.  fol.,  form  a  Supplement  to  the  above. 

"  This  collection  is  very  valuable ;  its  place  cannot  be  supplied 
by  recurring  to  the  original  works,  as  a  great  part  of  them  are  first 
published  in  it  from  the  MSS." — G.  B.  DB  LA  RICHARDERIE:  Biblio- 
theque  Universdle  des  Voyages. 

In  his  Directions  for  Study,  Bishoo  Warburton  advises 


can 

the  student  rather  to  read  over  Churchill's  Collection,  (if 
he  would  know  what  human  nature  really  is,)  than  to  waste 
his  time  in  travelling  through  the  artificial  circles  of  society 
in  Europe. 

"  Here  we  may  see  Nature  stripped  stark  naked,  and  study  her 
without  disguise." 

The  American  student,  especially,  should  also  procure 
M.  Du  Perier's  General  History  of  Voyages  and  Travels 
throughout  the  Old  and  New  World,  Lon.,  1707,  Svo. 

"  Except  the  Introduction  of  36  pages,  the  whole  of  this  volume 
relates  to  the  early  voyages  of  the  Spaniards  to  America,  from 
Oviedo.  and  other  Spanish  authors."  —  RICH. 

And  let  the  lover  of  Voyages  and  Travels  not  fail  to  pro 
cure  Harris's,  Kerr's,  Hakluyt's,  and  Pinkerton's  Collec 
tions,  and  G.  Boucher  de  la  Richarderie's  Bibliotheque 
Universelle  des  Voyages,  Paris,  1808,  6  vols.  12mo.  The 
following  remarks  from  an  eminent  authority  should  be 
sufficient  to  stimulate  an  appetite  for  such  instructive  and 
delightful  studies. 

"The  old  voyagers  are  always  more  picturesque  and  poetical 
than  the  modern  :  they  describe  those  simple  appearances,  which 
we  now  suppose  to  be  known.  Churchill  and  Harris's  Collections 
will  furnish  you  with  great  abundance  of  Indian  imagery."  —  SIR 
JAMES  MACKINTOSH. 

Churchill,  T.  O.  Trans,  of  Herder's  Philosophy 
of  History,  Lon.,  1803,  2  vols.  8vo. 

"  Herder  is  the  founder  of  the  Philosophy  of  History  :  nobody 
before  nor  after  him  has  taken  up  the  grand  subject  in  its  full  ex 
tent."  —  Cliev.  Bunsen's  HippoJytus. 

Life  of  Lord  Nelson,  1808,  4to. 

"  This  publication  may  be  considered  as  a  vehicle  for  prints  ; 
which,  however,  are  neither  good  in  design  or  execution."  — 
LOWNDES. 

Churchill,  Thos.  F.,  M.D.    Profess,  works,  1808,  '10. 

Churchill,  Sir  Winston,  father  of  the  Duke  of 
Marlborough,  1620-1688,  a  native  of  Dorsetshire,  was 
educated  at  St.  John's  College,  Oxford.  Divi  Britannici, 
heing  a  Remark  upon  the  Lives  of  all  the  Kings  of  this 
Isle,  from  the  year  of  the  World  2855,  unto  the  year  of 
Grace  1660;  with  cuts,  Lon.,  1675,  fol. 

"  The  notices  in  this  work  are  very  slight,  but  said  to  be  very 
accurate  as  to  dates  aud  authorities."  —  DR.  WATT. 

In  some  copies  occurs  a  passage  stating  that  the  king 
may  raise  money  without  his  Parliament,  which 

"  Being  much  resented  by  several  members  of  parl.  then  sitting, 
the  leaf  of  the  remaining  copies  where  it  was,  was  reprinted  with 
out  that  passage,  purposely  to  please  and  give  content."  —  Athen. 
Oxon. 

"  The  Divi  Britannici  gives  the  reader  a  diverting  view  of  the 
arms  and  exploits  of  our  kings  down  to  the  Restoration  in  1660." 
—  Bishop  Nicolsnri's  Eng.  ffi.<t.  Library. 

Churchman.     History  of  Episcopacy,  1642,  4to.  . 

Churchman,  John,  d.  1805,  a  native  of  Maryland, 
Magnetic  Atlas,  Phil.,  1790  ;  Lon.,  1794,  4to  ;  1804,  4to. 

Churchman,  Theophilus,  i.  e.  Peter  Heylin.  A 
Review  of  the  Certamen  Epistolae  between  Heylin,  D.D., 
and  Hen.  Hickman,  B.D.,  Lon.,  1639,  12mo. 

Churchman,  Walter.  A  New  Engine  for  Raising 
Water.  See  Phil.  Trans.,  1734. 

Churchy,  G.,  of  Lyons  Inne.  A  New  Book  of  Good 
Husbandrie,  1599. 

Churchyard,  Thomas,  1520-1604,  a  native  of 
Shrewsbury,  author  of  many  prose  and  poetical  pieces, 
was  a  domestic  to  the  celebrated  Earl  of  Surrey,  and  after 
the  death  of  this  nobleman  served  as  a  soldier  in  several 
campaigns.  A  list  of  many  of  his  works  will  be  found  in 
Athen.  Oxon.,  Ritson's  Bibl.  Poetica,  Biog.  Brit.,  Lowndes's 
Bibl.  Manual,  and  some  specimens  in  the  Censura  Lite- 
raria.  George  Chalmers  repub.  in  1817,  8vo,  Churchyard's 
Chips  concerning  Scotland,  being  a  Collection  of  his 
Pieces  relative  to  that  country  ;  with  Historical  Notices 
and  Life. 

"  The  best  of  his  poems,  in  point  of  genius,  is  his  Legende  of 

or  WaL-  1580> 


"  By  the  men  of  those  times  he  was  accounted  a  good  poet  bv 
others  a  poor  court  poet;  but  since,  as  much  beneath  a  poet  ks  a 
rhimer."  —  Athen.  Oxrni. 

But  honest  Fuller  protests  against  such  depreciating 
observations  : 

J'  Though  some  conceive  him  to  be  as  much  beneath  a  poet  as 
above  a  rhymer,  [tie,]  in  my  opinion  his  verses  may  go  abreast 
with  any  of  that  age,  writing  in  the  beginning  of  Queen  Eli'/iil-th 
It  seems  by  this  his  Epitaph  in  Mr.  Camden's  •  Remains,'  that  he 
died  not  guilty  of  much  wealth  : 

<  Come  Alecto.  lend  me  thy  torch, 
To  find  a  church-yard  in  a  church-porch: 
Poverty  and  poetry  his  tomb  doth  inclose; 
•uru  7  here,fore'  K°°d  neighbours,  be  merry  in  prose.'" 
W  hat  could  be  expected  but  "  poverty"  of 
One  of  those  unfortunate  men,  who  have  written  poetry  all 

'  to  complete  the 


CIB 

Churton,  Edward.  The  Early  English  Church, 
new  ed.,  Lon.,  1841,  12mo.  Lays  of  Faith  and  Loyalty, 
1847,  ISmo.  Monastic  Ruins  of  Yorkshire,  i.  to  iv.,  1844- 
46,  fol. 

Churton,  Edward.  The  Railroad  Book  of  England, 
Lon.,  r.  8vo,  1.851. 

"  Mr.  Churton  has  been  pre-eminently  successful  in  accomplish 
ing  his  Herculean  undertaking,  and  has  placed  his  work  beyond 
the  danger  of  failure." — BelVs  Messenger. 

Churton,  H.  B.  Whitaker.  Thoughts  on  the  Land 
of  the  Morning :  a  Record  of  Two  Visits  to  Palestine, 
1849,  '50,  Lon.,  1852,  c.  Svo. 

"  An  agreeable  and  profitable  companion  to  all  students  of  the 
sacred  volume." — English  Review. 

"  It  may  be  recommended  especially  as  a  book  for  families." — 
Lon.  Christian  Observer. 

Churton,  Ralph,  1754-1831,  a  native  of  Bickley, 
Cheshire;  entered  Brasenose  College,  Oxford,  1772; 
elected  Fellow,  1778;  Archdeacon  of  St.  David's,  1805. 
Eight  Serms.,  Lon.,  1785,  Svo.  Serms.,  1785,  '90,  '93,  '98, 
1803,  '04,  '06.  Letter  to  the  Bp.  of  Winchester,  1796,  Svo. 
Lives  of  Bishop  Smith  and  Sir  Richard  Sutton,  Founders 
of  Brasenose  College.  Life  of  Alexander  Nowell,  Dean 
of  St.  Paul's,  1809,  Svo. 

"  Among  the  happiest  specimens  of  its  kind  which  the  present 
century  has  seen.  The  very  portrait  of  the  good  old  dean,  placing 
his  hand  upon  his  fishing-rod,  is  enough  to  rejoice  a  Waltonian." 
DIBDIN. 

Works  of  the  Rev.  T.  Townson,  D.D.,  1810,  2  vols.  Svo. 
Memoir  of  Dr.  Richard  Chandler  prefixed  to  a  new  ed.  of 
his  Travels  in  Asia  Minor  and  Greece,  Oxford,  1825,  2 
vols.  Svo. 

Chute,  or  Chewt,  Anthony.  Beautie  dishonoured, 
written  under  the  title  of  Shore's  Wife,  Lon.,  1593,  4to. 
Perry  sale,  £26;  Jadis,  £15  15s.;  Bindley,  £34  13». 

"  An  imitative  history  in  verse,  supposed  to  be  unique,  consist 
ing  of  197  six-line  stanzas." 

Cibber,  Colley,  1671-1757,  Poet  Laureate  to  George 
IL,  made  his  appearance  as  an  actor  at  the  early  age  of  18, 
hut  not  meeting  with  the  success  he  anticipated,  he  deter 
mined  to  turn  author,  and  in  1695  produced  his  first  play, 
Love's  Last  Shift,  or  the  Fool  in  Fashion.  The  author 
performed  the  part  of  Sir  Novelty  Fashion,  and  in  both 
capacities  he  was  rewarded  by  great  applause.  In  1704 
was  acted  his  best  piece,  The  Careless  Husband,  in  which 
Cibber  and  Mrs.  Oldfield  enacted  the  principal  characters. 
He  injured  himself  in  the  eyes  of  the  Jacobites,  in  1717, 
by  his  Comedy  of  the  Nonjuror.  He  was  quite  consoled, 
however,  for  their  enmity,  by  receiving  a  pension  from 
Geo.  I.  of  £200,  being  promoted  to  the  post  of  Laureate  in 
1730.  In  this  year  he  quitted  the  stage;  but  appeared 
again  on  special  occasions.  An  edit,  of  his  Plays  appeared 
in  1721,  2  vols.  4to ;  and  a  later  one  in  1777,  5  vols.  Svo. 
A  list  of  30  plays,  with  which  he  had  more  or  less  to  do, 
will  be  found  in  Biog.  Dramat.  His  Apology  for  his  Life 
presents  a  very  curious  picture  of  state  affairs  in  his  day. 
It  was  pub.  in  1740,  4to ;  1756,  2  vols.  12mo;  new  edit., 
with  explanatory  Notices,  by  E.  Bellchambers,  1822,  Svo. 

Pope  had  made  himself  ridiculous,  as  he  generally  did 
in  his  petty  malice,  by  making  Theobald  the  hero  of  the 
Dunciad,  because  he  had  convicted  Pope  of  gross  igno 
rance  of  Shakspeare.  He  now  made  himself  ridiculous  a 
second  time,  by  exalting  to  that  dull  eminence,  Colley 
Cibber,  one  of  the  wittiest  and  most  sprightly  authors  of 
the  day.  Cibber's  letter  of  remonstrance  to  Pope  was  un 
answerable.  His  ambition  led  him  into  a  grave  error, 
when  it  induced  him  to  undertake  such  a  criticism  as  The 
Character  and  Conduct  of  Cicero  considered;  pub.  Lon., 
1747,  4to.  Fielding  took  great  delight  in  ridiculing  him. 
Cibber's  name  is  frequently  introduced  in  Boswell's  Life 
of  Johnson. 

"  BOSWELL  :  '  Cibber  was  a  man  of  observation  ?'  JOHNSON  :  '  I 
think  not.'  BOSWELL:  'You  will  allow  his  Apology  to  be  well 
done.'  JOHNSON  :  '  Very  well  done,  to  be  sure,  sir.  That  book  is 
a  striking  proof  of  the  justice  of  Pope's  remark : 

'  Each  might  his  several  province  well  command, 
Would  all  but  stoop  to  what  they  understand.' " 

Swift  was  so  much  pleased  with  Cibber's  Apology  for 
his  Life,  that  he  sat  up  all  night  to  read  it :  upon  hearing 
which,  Cibber,  it  is  said,  shed  tears  for  joy. 

Cibber,  Susanna  Maria,  d.  1766,  a  celebrated  ac 
tress,  sister  of  Dr.  Arne,  and  wife  of  Theophilus,  son  of 
Colley  Cibber,  trans,  in  1752,  The  Oracle  of  St.  Foix. 

Cibber,  Theophilus,  1703-1758,  son  of  Colley  Gib 
ber,  bore  even  a  worse  moral  character  than  his  father, 
which  was  quite  unnecessary.  He  was  an  actor,  and  mar 
ried  first  an  actress  of  the  name  of  Johnson,  and,  secondly, 
Miss  Arne,  (see  above.)  The  Lover,  C.,  1730.  Patie  and 
Peggie,  B.  p.,  1730.  The  Mock  Officer,  P.,  1733.  Other 
Dramatic  pieces,  and  alterations  of  Henry  VL,  and  Romeo 


CIR 

and  Juliet,  from  Shakspeare.  The  following  work  appeared 
under  his  name,  The  Lives  of  the  Poets  of  G.  Britain  and 
Ireland,  from  the  time  of  Dean  Swift,  Lon.,  1753,  5  vols. 
12mo :  but  we  have  direct  evidence  that  Cibber  was  not 
sole  author  of  this  work : 

"  I  take  this  opportunity  to  testify,  that  the  book  called  Gibber's 
Lives  of  the  Poets  was  not  written,  nor,  I  believe,  ever  seen,  by 
either  of  the  Gibbers,  but  was  the  work  of  Robert  Shiels,  a  native 
of  Scotland,  a  man  of  a  very  acute  understanding,  though  with 
little  scholastic  education,  who,  not  long  after  the  publication  of 
his  work,  died  in  London  of  a  consumption.  His  life  was  virtuous 
and  his  end  was  pious.  Theophilus  Cibber,  then  a  prisoner  for 
debt,  imparted,  as  I  was  told,  his  name  for  ten  guineas.  The 
manuscript  of  Shiels  is  now  in  my  possession." — DR.  JOHNSON: 
Life  of  Hammond. 

Here  Johnson  is  much  in  error,  for  we  have  Griffith's 
(the  publisher)  testimony  that  Cibber  did  revise,  correct, 
and  add  to  the  MS.,  and  probably  wrote  some  of  the  Lives. 
See  Boswell's  Johnson;  and  for  publications  connected 
with  the  Gibbers,  father  and  son,  see  Lowndes's  Bibl. 
Manual. 

Cirencester.    See  RICHARD  OF  CHICHESTER. 

Clack,  J.  M.  Serms.  and  other  Remains,  with  Me 
moir  and  Fun.  Serm.,  by  J.  Hooper,  Lon.,  1817,  8vo. 

"  We  have  seldom  met  with  so  many  incidents  of  an  affecting 
nature  in  connection  with  one  who  was  not  permitted  to  see  many 
years  on  earth,  as  are  presented  to  us  in  this  small  but  respect 
able  volume." — Lon.  dmgreg.  Mag. 

Clacy,  Mrs.  Charles.  A  Lady's  Visit  to  the  Gold 
Diggings  of  Australia  in  1852,  '53,  Lon.,  1853,  p.  8vo. 

"  The  most  pithy  and  entertaining  of  all  the  books  that  have 
been  written  on  the  gold  diggings."— Lon.  Literary  Gaz. 

"  We  recommend  this  work  as  the  emigrant's  vade  mecum."— 
Lon.  Home  Companion. 

Clagett,  Nicholas,  1607-1663,  entered  Merton  Col 
lege,  Oxford,  1628;  Vicar  of  Melbourne,  Dorsetshire, 
about  1636  ;  subsequently  preacher  at  St.  Mary's  in  St. 
Edmund's  Bury,  Suffolk.  The  Abuses  of  God's  Grace,  &o., 
Oxf.,  1659,  4to. 

Clagett,  Nicholas,  D.D.,  1654-1726,  son  of  the  pre 
ceding,  admitted  of  Christ  Church  College,  1671 ;  preacher 
at  St.  Mary's,  in  St.  Edmund's  Bury,  1680;  Archdeacon 
of  Sudbury,  1693.  A  Persuasive  to  an  Ingenious  Trial  of 
Opinions  in  Religion,  Lon.,  1685,  4to.  Serm.,  1683,  '86, 
1710.  Truth  Defended,  and  Boldness  in  Error  Rebuked,  Ac., 
being  a  confutation  of  Mr.  Whiston's  book  entitled,  The 
Accomplishment  of  Scripture  Prophecies,  Lon.,  1710,  8vo. 

"This  eminent  divine  lived  extremely  valued  ajid  respected  on 
account  of  his  exemplariness,  charity,  and  other  virtues."— Biog.Br. 

Clagett,  Nicholas,  D.D.,  son  of  the  preceding,  d. 
1746.  Bishop  of  St.  David's,  1731;  translated  to  Exeter, 
1746.  Serms.  1714,  '33,  '37,  '40,  '42. 

Clagett,  William,  D.D.,  1646-1688,  uncle  of  the 
preceding,  admitted  of  Emanuel  College,  Cambridge,  1659; 
was  for  7  years  preacher  of  St.  Edmund's  Bury,  and  sub 
sequently  preacher  to  the  Society  of  Gray's  Inn.  He 
pub.  many  theological  treatises,  chiefly  controversial. 
We  notice  a  few :  A  Discourse  on  the  Holy  Spirit,  with  a 
Confutation  of  some  part  of  Dr.  Owen's  book  on  that  sub 
ject,  Lon.,  1678-80",  8vo.  An  Answer  to  the  Dissenter's 
Objections  against  the  Common  Prayers,  <fcc.,  1683,  4to. 
Extreme  Unction,  1687,  4to.  A  Paraphrase  and  Notes 
upon  the  First  Chapter  of  St.  John,  Lon.,  1686,  4to.  See 
Orme's  Bibl.  Bib.  Serins.,1689-93,  2  vols.;  4th  ed.,1704-20, 
4  vols.  8vo. 

"  I  should  not  scruple  to  give  Dr.  Clagett  a  place  among  the 
most  eminent  and  celebrated  writers  of  this  Church,  and  if  he 
may  be  allowed  that,  it  is  as  great  an  honour  as  can  be  done  him." 
• — ARCHBISHOP  SHARPE. 

"  His  writings  are  not  of  great  value,  and  are  now  little  known." 
—Orme's  Bibl.  Bib. 

Bishop  Burnet  praises  Clagett  for  his  learning,  piety, 
and  virtues. 

Claggett,  John.  Arianism  Anatomized,  1719,  8vo. 

Clairant.     Con.  to  Phil.  Trans,  on  the  Rays  of  Light, 

('lanes,  Thomas.    Answer  to  Vestry,  1812. 
Clancy,  M.,  M.D.    Templum  Veneris,  Lon.,  1745,  4to. 
Clanny,  W.  R.,  M.D.    Mineral  Waters,  Ac.,  1807-16. 
Clanricarde,  Ulick,  Marquis  of,  and  Earl  of 

St.  Alban's.  Memoirs,  1722,  8vo.  Memoirs  and  Letters 
respecting  the  Rebellion  in  Ireland  temp.  Charles  I.,  1757 
fol.  The  first  work  Bishop  Nicolson  styles 

»  A  lean  collection  of  letters,  warrants,  orders  and  other  loo™ 
and  incoherent  state-papers  relating  to  the  Irish ^Rebellion  » 

Clap,  Nath.,  1668-1745,  a  minister  of  Newport 
Rhode  Island,  pub.  a  Serm.  on  the  Lord's  Voice  crying  to 
the  People  in  some  extraordinary  dispensations  1715 

"  Before  I  saw  Father  Clap,  I  thought  the  Bishop  of  Rome  had 
the  gravest  aspect  of  any  man  I  ever  saw;  but  really  the  mi 
nister  of  Newport  has  the  most  venerable  appearance."— BISHOP 
BERKELEY. 


CLA 

I  Clap,  Roger,  1609-1691,  one  of  the  first  settlers  of  Dor- 
'  setshire,  Massachusetts.  Memoirs  of  himself,  1731;  with 
i  an  appendix  by  Jas.  Blake,  1807. 

Clap,  Thomas,  1703-1767,  President  of  Yale  College, 
1739-66,  was  eminent  for  his  proficiency  in  Mathematics, 
Astronomy,  and  Natural  Philosophy.  Serm.,  1732.  Letter 
to  Mr.  Edwards,  1745.  Religious  Constitution  of  Colleges, 
1745.  Doctrines  of  the  Churches  of  New  England,  1755. 
Essay,  1765.  History  of  Yale  College,  1766.  Conjectures 
of  Meteors,  1781.  See  Holmes's  Life  of  Stiles :  Hist,  of 
Yale  College. 

Clapham,  Henoche.  Briefe  of  the  Bible's  History, 
Lon.,  1596.  Theolog.  treatises,  1597-1609. 

Clapham,  Jonathan.     Theolog.  treatises,  1651-84. 

Clapham,  John.     Narcissus,  Lon.,  1581,  4to. 

Clapham,  John.     History  of  G.  Britain,  1602,  4to. 

Clapham,  Samuel,  d.  1830,  aged  76.  Serms.,  1792, 
Ac.  The  three  following  were  pub.  under  the  name  of 
Theophilus  St.  John :  Orig.  Serms.,  1790,  8vo.  Prac.  Serms., 
1808,  2  vols.  8vo.  Charges  of  Massillon,  from  the  French, 
1805,  8vo.  Points  of  Sessions  Law,  1818,  2  vols.  8vo. 

"  This  work  may  serve  as  an  index,  but  cannot  be  relied  on  for 
accuracy." 

Serms.  selected  and  abridged  from  various  authors, 
1803-15,  3  vols.  8vo.,  enlarged  ed.,  1830,  2  vols.  8vo. 

"  The  abridgments  wUl  be  found  extremely  useful  to  the  clergy 
as  skeletons,  or  heads  to  form  discourses  from." 

"  These  sermons  are  truly  excellent." — British  Critic. 

The  Pentateuch,  or  the  Five  Books  of  Moses  Illustrated. 
Lon.,  1818,  12mo. 

"  The  plan  is  judicious,  and  the  execution  is,  on  the  whole,  re- 
spectable."-ion.  Eclectic  Review. 

Other  publications. 

Clapp,  John.    Serms.,  2d  ed.,  Lon.,  1819,  3  vols.  8vo. 

Clappe,Ambrose.  Emmanuel  Manifested,1655,12mo. 

Clapperton,  Hugh,  1788-1827,  a  celebrated  African 
traveller,  was  a  native  of  Dumfriesshire.  He  was  cut  off 
by  the  dysentery  at  Saccatoo.  His  Journals  were  pre 
served  and  published.  Denham,  Clapperton,  and  Oudney's 
Travels  in  Africa,  1822-24,  Lon.,  1826,  4to.  Clapperton's 
Journal  of  a  second  Expedition  into  the  Interior  of  Africa, 
with  Lander's  Journal,  1829,  4to.  Clapperton  and  Oud 
ney's  Travels  in  Africa,  1828,  2  vols.  8vo.  Our  knowledge 
of  Africa  has  been  greatly  increased  by  these  publications. 
See  LANDER,  RICHARD  ;  DENHAM,  DIXON. 

Clapperton,  William.  Poems,  &c.,  Edin.,  8vo. 

Clapthorne,  Henry.  The  Hollander;  a  Play,1640,4to. 

Claramont,  C.,  M.D.  De  Aere,  locis  et  aquis  Anglise 
deque  morbis  Anglorum  Vernaculis.  Diss.  nee  non  Obser- 
vationes  Medicae  Cambro-Britannicae,  Lon.,  1672,  12mo; 
1657,  8vo. 

Clare,  John,  b.  1793,  at  Helpstone,  near  Peterborough, 
of  obscure  parentage,  excited  much  attention  by  his  re 
markable  powers  of  poetical  description.  He  pub.  in  1820, 
Poems,  Descriptive  of  Rural  Life  and  Scenery,  which  im 
mediately  secured  the  public  favour. 

"  The  instance  before  us  is,  perhaps,  one  of  the  most  striking  of 
patient  and  persevering  talent  existing  and  enduring  in  the  most 
forlorn  and  seemingly  hopeless  condition  that  literature  has  at 
any  time  exhibited." — Lon.  Quarterly  Review. 

In  1821,  he  pub.  The  Village  Minstrel  and  other  Poems, 
2  vols.  8vo.  He  has  also  contributed  a  number  of  articles 
to  the  periodicals.  See  an  interesting  account  of  Clare  in 
Chambers's  Cycl.  of  Eng.  Literature. 

Clare,  John  Fitz-Gibbon,  Earl  of,  1749-1802, 
Lord  High-Chancellor  of  Ireland.  Speech  on  the  Union. 
Verses,  1774,  4to.  Report,  1798,  8vo. 

"A  man  of  an  ardent,  daring  spirit,  but  able,  virtuous,  and  pa 
triotic."  See  Park's  Walpole's  R.  and  N.  Authors. 

Clare,  John  Hollis,  Earl  of,  father-in-law  of  the 
Earl  of  Stratford,  who  was  beheaded.  An  Answer  to  some 
Passages  of  Sir  Francis  Bacon's  Essay  on  Empire.  Speech 
in  behalf  of  the  Earl  of  Oxford.  Letter  to  his  son-in-law, 
Strafford. 

"Lord  Clare  was  admired  for  his  letters ;  and  Howell,  in  two  of 
his,  bears  testimony  to  the  earl's  learning  and  skill  in  languages." 
See  Park's  Walpole's  R,  and  N.  Authors. 

Clare,  Martin.  Treatise  on  the  Motion  of  Fluids,  Lon., 
1735,  8vo;  with  addits.  by  R.  Hall,  M.D.,  Lon.,  1802,  8vo. 

Clare,Peter,  Surgeon.  Prof,  treatises,  Lon.,1778,8vo. 

Clare,  R.  Trans,  of  a  Political  Declaration,  1649,  fol. 

Clare,  R.  A.,  Surgeon.  Con.  on  the  Air  Pumps  to 
Nic.  Jour.,  1801. 

Clare,  William.  The  Natural  way  to  Learn  the 
Latin  Tongue,  Lon.,  1688,  8vo. 

Clarek,  Timothy,  M.D.  Profess,  con.  to  Phil.  Trans. 
1668;  on  the  Injection  into  Veins,  the  Transfusion  of 
Blood,  Ac. 

Clarence,  Duke  of,  (William  the  Fourth.) 
Speech  in  the  House  of  Lords  on  the  Slave-Trade,  Lon., 


CLA 

1799, 8vo.    Substance  of  his  Speeches  in  the  House  of  Lords 
against  the  Divorce  Bill,  1800,  8vo. 

Clarendon,  Edward  Hyde,  Earl  of,  1608-1673, 
one  of  the  most  illustrious  characters  of  English  history, 
was  the  third  son  of  Henry  Hyde,  of  Dinton,  Wiltshire, 
where  he  was  born  on  the  16th  of  February.  He  was  en 
tered  of  Magdalen  College,  Oxford,  in  1622,  where  he  re 
mained  one  year ;  after  which  he  removed  to  the  Middle 
Temple,  and  pursued  his  legal  studies  under  the  direction 
of  his  uncle,  Nicholas  Hyde,  afterwards  Chief  Justice  of 
the  King's  Bench.  In  his  twenty-first  year  he  married 
the  daughter  of  Sir  George  Ayliffe,  who  only  survived  the 
union  six  months.  Three  years  afterwards  he  married  the 
daughter  of  Sir  Thomas  Aylesbury,  Master  of  Requests. 
He  informs  us  in  his  Life,  that  he  made  it  a  rule  to  select 
for  his  associates  none  but  persons  distinguished  for  their 
rank,  fortune,  or  accomplishments.  We  need  not  be  sur 
prised,  therefore,  to  find  among  his  "  list  of  friends,"  stars 
of  the  first  magnitude : — Ben  Jonson,  Selden,  May,  Sir 
Kenelm  Digby,  Edmund  Waller,  Lord  Falkland,  Sheldon, 
Morley,  Earle,  Hales,  Chillingworth,  Ac.  (See  Memo 
rials  of  his  own  life.)  The  patronage  of  the  Marquis  of 
Hamilton  and  Archbishop  Laud  was  of  great  value  to  the 
ambitious  aspirant  for  brilliant  honours.  In  1640  he  was 
elected  a  member  of  Parliament,  and  as  a  Royalist,  waged 
stern  war  with  Hampden  and  other  representatives  of 
popular  pretensions.  His  zeal  was  not  overlooked,  and  in 
1643  he  was  raised  to  the  high  position  of  Lord  Chancellor 
of  the  Exchequer,  sworn  a  member  of  the  Privy  Council, 
and  knighted.  When  affairs  had  taken  so  grave  a  turn 
that  it  was  deemed  prudent  to  send  the  prince,  afterwards 
Charles  II.,  out  of  the  way  of  danger,  Hyde  was  his  com 
panion,  but  remained  in  Jersey  when  the  prince  sailed  for 
France.  During  this  retirement  of  two  years,  he  wrote  por 
tions  of  his  two  celebrated  works,  The  History  of  the  Rebel 
lion,  and  Account  of  his  own  Life.  His  studies  were  inter 
rupted  in  1648,  by  directions  to  attend  the  prince  at  Paris. 
He  found  him  at  the  Hague,  where  the  news  soon  arrived  of 
the  execution  of  King  Charles  I.  Whilst  on  the  Continent, 
Clarendon  chiefly  resided  at  Madrid  and  Antwerp.  In 
1657,  King  Charles  II.,  still  an  exile,  rewarded  the  fidelity 
of  his  follower  by  creating  him  Lord  High  Chancellor  of 
England.  But  he  suffered  greatly  from  poverty  at  dif 
ferent  times,  having,  as  he  tells  us,  "  neither  clothes  nor 
fire  to  preserve  me  from  the  sharpness  of  the  season."  At 
the  Restoration  he  displayed  great  sagacity  in  reconciling 
the  hostile  parties  who  composed  the  strength  of  the  king 
dom,  and  it  was  mainly  owing  to  his  counsels  that  the 
Republicans  escaped  the  bitter  chalice  which  they  had 
commended  to  the  lips  of  the  persecuted  and  down-trodden 
Royalists.  In  1660,  Hyde  was  chosen  Chancellor  of  the 
University  of  Oxford,  and  created  a  peer  by  the  title  of 
Baron  Hyde,  of  Hindon,  in  Wiltshire,  to  which  were  added 
in  1661,  the  titles  of  Viscount  Cornbury  in  Oxfordshire,  and 
Earl  of  Clarendon  in  Wiltshire.  Such  greatness  must 
needs  excite  the  envy  of  the  malicious ;  and  this  ill  will 
was  heightened  by  the  announcement  of  the  marriage  of 
his  daughter  to  the  Duke  of  York,  afterwards  James  II. 
This  event  was  unknown  to  Clarendon  until  its  publicity 
became  a  matter  of  necessity,  and  Charles  II.  did  not  per 
mit  it  to  deprive  him  of  his  favour.  In  1663,  the  Earl  of 
Bristol  exhibited  a  charge  of  High  Treason  against  Claren 
don,  the  gravamen  of  which  was  an  alleged  intention  to 
favour  the  introduction  of  Popery  into  Great  Britain. 
There  were  other  causes  of  resentment — the  king's  neg 
lect  of  public  affairs,  the  extravagance  of  the  Court,  &c. 

which  prudence  did  not  permit  to  be  openly  exposed.  In 
1667  he  was  removed  from  his  post  of  Chancellor,  and 
shortly  afterwards  received  the  king's  orders  to  leave  the 
country.  He  sailed  for  France,  November  29,  1667,  and 
on  the  19th  of  the  ensuing  month  an  act  of  banishment 
shut  the  door  to  all  hopes  of  return  to  his  native  land. 
He  resided  for  four  years  at  Montpellier,  passed  some  time 
at  Moulins,  and  finally  took  up  his  residence  at  Rouen, 
where  he  died,  December  9,  1674.  There  was  nothing 
now  to  excite  the  animosity  of  his  foes,  and  his  body  was 
permitted  to  rest  in  the  land  he  had  so  faithfully  served, 
and  by  which  he  had  been  so  ungratefully  rewarded.  He  lies, 

"  Without  a  line  to  mark  the  spot," 

on  the  north  side  of  Henry  Vllth's  chapel,  in  Westminster 
Abbey.  Lord  Clarendon  had  by  his  second  wife  four  sons 
and  two  daughters  :  Henry,  the  second  Earl  of  Clarendon 
(%•  *•»)  d.  in  1709;  Lawrence,  Earl  of  Rochester,  d.  in 
1711;  Hidward  and  James  died  unmarried.  Frances  was 
married  to  Thomas  Keightly  of  Hertingfordbury ;  Anne 
married  James,  Duke  of  York,  and  was  the  mother  of 
Mary  and  Anne,  Queens  of  England. 


CLA 

As  an  author,  Lord  Clarendon  can  never  become  obso 
lete  while  the  slightest  interest  exists  in  one  of  the  most 
eventful  portions  of  England's  annals.  Speeches,  Argu 
ment,  Ac.,  Lon.,  1641,  Ac.  An  Answer  to  the  Declaration 
of  the  Commons,  Lon.,  1648,  8vo.  Character  of  Robert, 
Earl  of  Essex,  and  George,  Duke  of  Buckingham,  1706 ; 
orig.  pub.  in  Reliquiae  Wottonianae,  1672. 

"  The  reader  will  be  here  entertained  with  the  pictures  of  two 
of  the  greatest  subjects  of  Europe  in  their  time :  and  although  one 
of  them  is  inimitably  drawn  by  the  noble  Author  in  his  History, 
yet  this  signature  will  still  be  acceptable,  since  'tis  all  thrown 
into  another  view." — Preface  to  ed.  1706. 

Narrative  of  the  Settlement  in  Ireland,  Lovain,  1668, 
4to.  Animadversions  on  a  Book  called  Fanaticism,  1674, 
4to.  Brief  View  and  Survey  of  Hobbes's  Leviathan,  Oxf., 
1676,  4to.  History  of  the  Rebellion  and  Civil  Wars  in 
England  begun  in  1641,  Ac.,  Oxf.,  1702-04,  3  vols.  fol.  > 
1705, '06,  6  vols.  Svo;  1717,  7  vols.  8vo.  Supplement, 
1717,  Svo ;  1724,  8vo.  A  new  edit,  of  the  History  of  the 
Rebellion,  with  all  the  suppressed  passages,  and  the  un- 
pub.  Notes  of  Bishop  Warburton,  Oxf.,  1826,  8  vols.  Svo ; 
edited  by  Dr.  Bandinel : 

"  Clarendon's  History  of  the  Rebellion  is  one  of  the  noblest  his 
torical  works  of  the  English  nation.  In  the  present  edition,  which 
is  the  first  correct  and  complete  publication  of  his  History,  the 
passages  omitted  and  the  words  altered  in  the  original  and  pre 
ceding  editions  are  now  for  the  first  time  laid  before  the  public." 
— Edinburgh  JKeviviv. 

Last  edit.,  Oxf.,  1849,  7  vols.  Svo.  Hist,  of  the  Rebel 
lion,  Ac.,  with  his  Life,  written  by  himself,  in  which  is  in 
cluded  a  continuation  of  his  Hist,  of  the  Great  Rebellion, 
Lon.,  1842,  1  vol.  Svo.  Life  by  Himself,  with  continua 
tion  of  Hist.  Rebellion,  55  plates,  Oxf.,  1827,  3  vols.  8vo ; 
2  vols.  4k>.  Hist,  of  Rebellion,  Lon.,  1840,  2  vols.  imp. 
Svo.  Religion  and  Policy,  (first  pub.  from  the  MS.,1811,) 
2  vols.  r.  Svo.  Hist,  of  the  Rebellion  and  Civil  Wars  in 
Ireland,  1720,  '21,  Svo.  This  is  a  vindication  of  the  Mar 
quis  of  Ormonde.  Hist,  of  the  Reign  of  Charles  II.,  2 
vols.  4to.  This  is  included  in  his  Life.  Collection  of 
Tracts,  Lon.,  1727,  fol.  Vindication  of  himself  from  the 
Impeachment  of  H.  Commons  in  regard  to  the  sale  of  Dun 
kirk,  Lon.,  1747,  fol. ;  with  Reflections  upon  the  Psalms, 
applied  to  the  troubles  of  the  times.  State  Papers,  1621- 
74,  containing  the  Materials  from  which  his  History  was 
composed,  and  the  authorities  on  which  the  truth  of  his* 
relation  is  founded ;  with  an  Appendix  from  Archbishop 
Sancroft's  MSS.,  Oxf.,  1767-86,  3  vols.  fol.  Miscellaneous 
Works,  2d  edit.,  1751,  fol.  An  Account  of  his  Life,  writ 
ten  by  himself,  Ac.,  Oxf.,  1759;  new  edit.;  see  above. 
Essays,  Moral  and  Entertaining;  new  edit.,  pub.  by  Rev. 
J.  S.  Clarke,  D.D.,  1815,  2  vols.  8vo.  The  Natural  His 
tory  of  the  Passions,  Svo. 

"  Many  doubted  whether  Lord  Clarendon  was  the  author  of  it ; 
and  more  thought  that  it  was  the  sharking  trick  of  a  bookseller 
to  set  his  name  to,  for  sale  sake." — WOOD. 

The  reader  should  peruse  T.  H.  Lister,  Esq.'s  Life  and 
Administration  of  Edward,  First  Earl  of  Clarendon,  with 
Original  Correspondence  and  Authentic  Papers,  never  be 
fore  published,  Lon.,  1S38,  3  vols.  Svo ;  vol.  L,  1609-60  ; 
vol.  ii.,  1660-74;  vol.  iii.,  Letters  and  Papers. 

"  Lister's  Life  of  Clarendon  is  not  the  ingenious  or  eloquent 
pleading  of  an  advocate,  but  the  severe  and  enlightened  neutrality 
of  a  judge.  The  characteristics  proper  for  the  occasion  were  good 
taste  and  good  sense,  intelligent  research,  and  perfect  candour. 
And  these  Mr.  Lister  possesses  in  an  eminent  degree." — Edinburgh 
Review. 

"  A  valuable  contribution  to  the  history  of  our  native  country." 
— Lon.  Literary  Gazette. 

See  LISTER,  THOMAS  H.  To  these  valuable  volumes 
should  be  added  The  Correspondence  and  Diaries  of  Henry 
Hyde,  Earl  of  Clarendon,  and  Lawrence  Hyde,  Earl  of  Ro 
chester,  Ac.,  by  S.  W.  Singer,  Esq.,  Lon.,  182S,  2  vols.  r.  4to. 
(See  below.)  The  reader  will  also  be  interested  in  An  His 
torical  Inquiry  respecting  the  Character  of  Edward  Hyde, 
Earl  of  Clarendon,  by  the  Hon.  Agar  Ellis,  Lon.,  1827,  Svo. 
Mr.  Ellis  arrives  at  the  conclusion,  which  will  be  rejected  by 
many  of  his  readers,  that  Clarendon  was  an  unprincipled 
man  of  talent.  This  notice  of  Mr.  Ellis's  opinions  may 
properly  introduce  some  quotations  from  various  authori 
ties  respecting  the  character  of  Clarendon  as  a  statesman 
and  an  author : 

"  I  cannot  but  let  you  know  the  incredible  satisfaction  I  have 
taken  m  reading  my  late  Lord  Clarendon's  History  of  the  Rebel 
lion,  so  well  and  so  unexpectedly  well  written— the  preliminary  so 
like  that  of  the  noble  Polybius,  leading  us  by  the  courts,  avenues, 
and  porches,  into  the  fabric;  the  style  masculine;  the  characters 
so  just,  and  tempered  without  the  least  impediment  of  passion  or 
tincture  of  revenge,  yet  with  such  natural  and  lively  touches  as 
show  his  lordship  well  knew  not  only  the  persons'  outsider,  but 
their  very  interiors." — Letters  of  John  Evelyn  to  Samuel  Pcpys, 
Jan.  20, 1702,  '03.  See  Diary  and  Correspondence  of  Samuel  Pepys, 
Lon.,  1854,  4  vols.  Svo. 

"  His  lordship  died  <m  exile,  and  in  the  displeasure  of  his  ma- 


CLA 

jesty,  and  others  who  envied  his  rise  and  fortune— torn  breves 
Populi  Romani  amoresl  But  I  shall  say  no  more  of  his  ministry, 
and  what  was  the  pretence  of  his  fell,  than  that  we  have  lived  to 
see  great  revolutions.  The  buffons,  parasites,  pimps,  and  concu 
bines,  who  supplanted  him  at  court,  came  to  nothing  not  long 
after,  and  were  as  little  pitied.  'Tis  something  yet  too  early  to 
publish  the  names  of  his  delators,  for  fear  of  one's  teeth.  But 
time  will  speak  truth,  and  sure  I  am  the  event  has  made  it  good. 
Things  were  infinitely  worse  managed  since  his  disgrace." — Evdyn 
toPepys.  See  Diary  and  Corresp.  of  J.Evelyn,  Lon.,  1852, 4  vols.  8vo. 

It  is  not  to  be  denied  that  many  of  his  lordship's  con 
temporaries  entertained  a  very  different  opinion  of  him; 
and  Mr.  Agar  Ellis,  among  modern  writers,  accuses  him 
of  treachery,  as  well  as  imbecility,  in  the  management  of 
state  affairs. 

We  continue  our  quotations  : 

"  The  Earl  of  Clarendon,  upon  the  Restoration,  made  it  his  busi 
ness  to  depress  everybody's  merits  to  advance  his  own,  and  the 
king  having  gratified  his  vanity  with  high  titles,  found  it  neces 
sary  towards  making  a  fortune  in  proportion  to  apply  himself  to 
other  means  than  what  the  crown  could  afford." — LORD  DART 
MOUTH:  Note  on  Burnet. 

"  Had  Clarendon  sought  nothing  but  power,  his  power  had  ne 
ver  ceased.  A  corrupted  court  and  a  blinded  populace  were  less 
the  causes  of  the  chancellor's  fell,  than  an  ungrateful  king,  who 
could  not  pardon  his  lordship's  having  refused  to  accept  for  him 
the  slavery  of  his  country.  .  .  .  Buckingham,  Shaftsbury,  Lauder- 
dale,  Arlington,  and  such  abominable  men,  were  the  exchange 
which  the  nation  made  for  my  Lord  Clarendon !  ...  As  an  historian 
he  seems  more  exceptionable.  His  majesty  and  eloquence,  his 

Cer  of  painting  characters,  his  knowledge  of  his  subject,  rank 
in  the  first  class  of  writers — yet  he  has  both  great  and  little 
faults."— HORACE  WALPOLE  :  R.  &  N.  Authors. 

"He  particularly  excels  in  characters,  which,  if  drawn  with  pre 
cision  and  elegance,  are  as  difficult  to  the  writers  as  they  are 
agreeable  to  the  readers  of  history.  He  is  in  this  particular  as 
unrivalled  among  the  moderns  as  Tacitus  among  the  ancients.  .  .  . 
His  style  is  rather  careless  than  laboured :  his  periods  are  long, 
and  frequently  embarrassed  by  parentheses.  Hence  it  is,  that  he 
is  one  of  the  most  difficult  of  all  authors  to  be  read  with  an  audi 
ble  voice."— Granger's  Biog.  Hist. 

"Clarendon  will  always  be  esteemed  an  entertaining  writer, 
even  independent  of  our  curiosity  to  know  the  facts  which  he  re 
lates.  His  style  is  prolix  and  redundant,  and  suffocates  us  by  the 
length  of  its  periods ;  but  it  discovers  imagination  and  sentiment, 
and  pleases  us  at  the  same  time  that  we  disapprove  of  it.  ...  An 
air  of  probity  and  goodness  runs  through  the  whole  work,  as  these 
qualities  did  in  reality  embellish  the  whole  life  of  the  author.  . . . 
Clarendon  was  always  a  friend  to  the  liberty  and  constitution  of 
his  country."— HUME  :  Hist,  of  England. 

"  The  lustre  of  all  partial  and  even  general  Histories  of  England, 
was  eclipsed,  at  the  opening  of  the  eighteenth  century,  by  the 
History  of  the  Rebellion  and  Civil  Wars — from  the  powerful  pen  of 
Lord  Clarendon :  a  work,  of  which  the  impressions  and  profits 
have  increased  in  an  equal  ratio — and  of  which  the  popularity  is 
built  upon  an  imperishable  basis.  A  statesman,  a  lawyer,  and  a 
philosopher  in  its  most  practical,  and  perhaps  rational,  sense,  there 
is  hardly  any  name  which  has  reached  us,  encircled  by  purer  rays 
of  renown,  than  that  of  Hyde,  Earl  of  Clarendon,  or  any  which  is 
more  likely  to  go  down  to  posterity  in  a  more  unsullied  state  of 
purity."— DR.  DIBDIN:  Library  C(mpanion. 

So  Southey  declares  Clarendon  to  have  been  "the  wisest 
and  most  upright  of  statesman  ;"  but  Brodie,  on  the  other 
hand,  brands  the  Lord  Chancellor  as  "  a  miserable  syco 
phant  and  canting  hypocrite."  The  remarks  of  Southey  in  a 
letter  to  Henry  Taylor,  Dec.31,1825,  are  well  worth  quoting : 

"For  an  Englishman  there  is  no  single  historical  work  with 
which  it  can  be  so  necessary  for  him  to  be  well  and  thoroughly  ac 
quainted  as  with  Clarendon.  I  feel  at  this  time  perfectly  assured, 
that  if  that  book  had  been  put  into  my  hands  in  youth,  it  would 
have  preserved  me  from  all  the  political  errors  which  I  have  out 
grown.  It  may  be  taken  for  granted  that knows  this  book  well. 

The  more  he  reads  concerning  the  history  of  these  times,  the  more 
highly  he  will  appreciate  the  wisdom  and  the  integrity  of  Claren 
don." — Southey's  Life  and  Correspondence. 

"  Clarendon — a  lover  of  the  constitution,  of  his  country,  a  patrio 
tic  statesman— is  always  interesting,  and  continually  provides 
materials  for  the  statesman  and  philosopher." — PROFESSOR  SMYTH, 
of  Cambridge. 

"  His  '  Life'  is  full  of  a  thousand  curious  anecdotes." — BISHOP 
WARBURTON. 

"  You  ask  me  about  reading  history.  You  are  quite  right  to  read 
Clarendon ;  his  style  is  a  little  long-winded,  but,  on  the  other  hand, 
bis  characters  may  match  those  of  the  ancient  historians,  and  one 
thinks  they  would  know  the  very  men  if  you  were  to  meet  them 
In  society.  Few  English  writers  have  the  same  precision  either  in 
describing  the  actors  in  great  scenes,  or  the  deeds  which  they  per 
formed.  He  was,  you  are  aware,  himself  deeply  engaged  in  the 
scenes  which  he  depicts,  and  therefore  colours  them  with  the  in 
dividual  feeling,  and  sometimes,  doubtless,  with  the  partialitv,  of 
a  partisan."— &V  Walter  Scott's  Letter  to  his  Son 

I  vve  !?Spef  T^icVh  W?  justly  feel  for  Clarendon  as  a  writer  must 
not  blind  us  to  the  feults  which  he  committed  as  a  statesman 
In  some  respects  he  was  well  fitted  for  bis  great  place.  No  man 
wrote  abler  state  papers.  No  man  spoke  with  more  weight  and 
dignity  in  council  and  Parliament.  No  man  was  better  acquainted 
with  general  maxims  of  statecraft.  No  man  observed  the  varieties 
of  character  with  a  more  discriminating  eye.  It  must  be  added 
that  he  had  a  strong  sense  of  moral  and  religious  obligation  a  sin 
cere  reverence  for  the  laws  of  his  country,  and  a  conscientious  re 
gard  for  the  honour  and  interest  of  the  crown.  But  his  temper 
was  sour,  arrogant,  and  impatient  of  opposition."— T.  B.  MACAULAY  • 
Hist,  of  England,  q.v. 


CLA 

"  He  is  excellent  in  every  thing  that  he  has  performed  with  care : 
his  characters  are  beautifully  delineated,  his  sentiments  have  often 
a  noble  gravity,  which  the  length  of  his  periods,  far  too  great  in 
itself,  seems  to  befit;  but  in  the  general  course  of  his  narrative, 
he  is  negligent  of  grammar  and  perspicuity,  with  little  choice  of 
words,  and,  therefore,  sometimes  idiomatic,  without  ease  or  ele 
gance.  The  official  papers  on  the  royal  side,  which  are  generally 
attributed  to  him,  are  written  in  a  masculine  and  majestic  tone, 
far  superior  to  those  of  the  Parliament."— HaUam's  Introduc.  to  Lit. 
Hist. ;  and  in  his  Constitutional  Hist,  of  England. 

See  Life  of  Edward,  Earl  of  Clarendon,  written  by  him 
self,  printed  from  the  original  MS.  in  the  Bodleian  Library, 
Lon.,  1857,  2  vols.  8vo. 

Clarendon,  George  William  Frederick  Vil- 
liers,  Karl  of,  b.  in  1800,  is  the  present  representative 
of  the  great  Earl  of  Clarendon,  and  of  the  brother  of  Vil- 
liers,  the  favourite  of  James  I.  He  succeeded  to  the  title 
in  1838.  He  was  Lord  Lieutenant  of  Ireland  from  1847 
to  1852,  and  has  held  several  important  offices.  In  1846 
he  was  appointed  President  of  the  Board  of  Trade.  He 
was  associated  (when  Mr.  Villiers)  with  Dr.  Bowring  in 
drawing  up  the  First  Report  on  the  Commercial  Relations 
between  France  and  Great  Britain,  1834,  fol. 

Clarendon,  Henry  Hyde,  second  Earl  of,  1638- 
1709,  eldest  son  of  the  first  earl,  was  carefully  trained 
for  public  business  by  his  illustrious  parent.  In  resent 
ment  of  the  treatment  to  which  his  father  was  subjected, 
he  joined  the  party  which  opposed  the  court,  and  made  many 
speeches,  some  of  which  were  preserved  by  Mr.  Grey.  On 
the  accession  of  James  II.  he  was  made  Lord  Lieutenant 
of  Ireland,  but  was  superseded  by  Lord  Tyrconnel.  He 
refused  to  take  the  oaths  to  William  III.,  and  was  for  some 
time  imprisoned  in  the  Tower.  After  his  release  he  lived 
in  retirement  until  his  death  in  1709.  The  History  and 
Antiquities  of  the  Cathedral  Church  at  Winchester,  con 
tinued  by  Samuel  Gale,  Lon.,  1715,  8vo.  Two  Papers  in 
Gutch's  Collectanea  Curiosa,  vol.  i.  309-13.  State  Letters 
and  Diary,  Oxf.,  1763,  2  vols.  4to. 

"  This  Diary  presents  us  with  a  picture  of  the  manners  of  the 
age  in  which  the  writer  lived.  We  may  learn  from  it,  that  at  the 
close  of  the  seventeenth  century  a  man  of  the  first  quality  mado 
it  his  constant  practice  to  go  to  church,  and  could  spend  the  day 
in  society  with  his  family  and  friends,  without  shaking  his  arm 
at  a  gaming-table,  associating  with  jockies  at  Newmarket,  or  mur 
dering  time  by  a  constant  round  of  giddy  dissipation,  if  not  of  cri 
minal  indulgence." — Editor's  Preface. 

In  1828  was  pub.  Clarendon  Papers  j  viz. :  The  Corre 
spondence  of  Henry  Hyde,  Earl  of  Clarendon,  and  of  his 
Brother,  Lawrence  Hyde,  Earl  of  Rochester,  with  the  Diary 
of  Lord  Clarendon,  1687-90,  and  the  Diary  of  Lord  Ro 
chester;  pub.  for  the  greater  part  for  the  first  time  from 
the  original  MSS.,  recently  discovered  by  S.  W.  Singer, 
F.S.A.,  Lon.,  2  vols.  4to. 

"  One  of  the  most  important  contributions  which  has  in  our  day 
been  made  to  history." — Lon.  Review. 

"  This  Collection  of  Letters  and  Diaries  is  of  great  historical 
value." — Lon.  Athenaeum. 

"A  most  valuable  addition  to  our  national  records,  and  especially 
interesting  to  the  History  of  Ireland." — Lon.  Literary  Gazette. 

HENRY  HYDE,  LORD  HYDE  and  CORNBURY,  the  eldest 
son  of  this  nobleman,  pub.  a  Comedy  called  The  Mistakes, 
or  The  Happy  Resentment,  printed  in  1758,  at  Strawberry 
Hill,  with  a  preface,  said  to  be  written  by  Lord  Orford; 
but  this  imputed  authorship  has  been  questioned.  He  wrote 
A  Letter  to  the  Vice-Chancellor  of  Oxford,  1751,  and  A 
Letter  to  David  Mallet  on  the  intended  Publication  of  Lord 
Bolingbroke's  MSS. ;  see  Hawkesworth's  edition  of  Swift's 
Works.  A  few  pamphlets  of  his  composition  were  pub. 
anonymously,  and  he  left  some  tragedies  in  MS.  He  was 
killed  in  France,  in  1753,  by  a  fall  from  his  horse. 

Clarendon,  R.  V.  A  Sketch  of  the  Revenue  and 
Finances  of  Ireland,  Lon.,  1791,  4to. 

A  clear  and  elaborate  view  of  the  finances  of  the  sister  island." 

— LOWNDES. 

Clarendon,  Thomas.  Treatise  on  the  Foot  of  the 
Horse,  Dubl.,  1847,  12mo. 

Claridge,  John.  The  Shepherd  of  Banbury's  Rules 
to  know  of  the  Change  of  the  Weather,  Lon.,  1744,  8vo; 
reprinted,  1827,  8vo.  This  little  work,  once  very  popular, 
has  been  attributed  to  John  Campbell,  LL.D. 

Claridge,  John.    Agricult.  of  Dorset,  Lon.,  1793, 4to. 

"  It  seems  judiciously  performed." — Donaldson's  Agricult.  Bwg. 

Claridge,  Richard,  1649-1723,  an  eminent  Quaker 
writer,  b.  in  Warwickshire ;  entered  of  Baliol  Coll.,  Oxf., 
1666 ;  Rector  of  Peopleton,  Worcester,  1673 ;  joined  the  Bap 
tists,  1691 ;  joined  the  Quakers  about  1697,  and  became  a 
minister  in  this  society.  Serms.,1689,'91.  Answer  to  Richard 
Allen,  1697,  4to.  Mercy  Covering  the  Judgment-Seat,  &c., 
1700,  4to.  His  Case  and  Trial,  1710,  4to.  The  Novelty 
and  Nullity  of  Dissatisfaction,  &c.,  1714.  Lux  Evangelica 
Attestata.  Melius  Inquirendum  Tractatus  Hierographicus. 
Life  and  Posthumous  Works,  by  Joseph  Besse,  1726,  8vo. 


CLA 

Claridge,  Capt.  R.  T.  Guide  along  the  Danube  to 
Constantinople,  2d  ed.,  Lon.,  1839,  12mo.  Hydropathy; 
two  Treatises,  1844  and  1849,  8vo. 

"  We  should  deem  ourselves  negligent  of  our  duty  did  we  not 
invite  public  attention  to  the  subject."— Lon.  Times. 

Clark.     Almanack  for  1634,  Camb.,  12mo. 

Clark,  Bracy.    Veterinary  treatises,  1809,  Ac. 

Clark,  Charles.  A  Summary  of  Colonial  Law,  Ac., 
Lon.,  1834,  8vo.  Commenced  by  Serg't  Stephen,  who,  for 
want  of  time,  relinquished  the  labour  to  Mr.  C. 

"  A  compendious  and  useful  work,  which,  however,  would  re 
quire  to  be  occasionally  republished."— McCoLLOCH :  Lit.  of  I'Olit. 
Economy. 

C.  Clark  and  W.  Finnelly;  Reports  of  Cases  in  House 
of  Lords,  1831-45,  Lon.,  1835-45,  11  vols.  8vo. 

Clark,  ( 'has.  John  Noakes  and  Mary  Styles ;  a  Poem, 
exhibiting  lingual  localisms  of  Essex,  12rno,  Lon.,  1838. 

"A  very  clever  and  amusing  piece  of  local  description." — 
Archceologist. 

"Exhibits  the  dialect  of  Essex  perfectly."— Lon.  Eclectic  Rev. 

Clark,  D.  W.,  D.D.,  b.  1812,  Mount  Desert  Island, 
Maine,  first  became  known  by  his  contributions  to  Method 
ist  Quarterly  Review.  He  is  the  author  of  several  works, 
among  which  are:  1.  Treatise  on  Mental  Discipline.  2. 
Death-Bed  Scenes.  3.  Life  and  Times  of  Bishop  Hedding. 
This  work  comprises  much  of  the  early  history  of  the 
Methodist  Church,  and  was  extensively  and  favourably  re 
viewed  by  the  N.  Amer.  Rev.  and  other  leading  Quarterlies 
of  America  and  England.  It  is  one  of  the  standard  pub 
lications  of  the  "Methodist  Book  Concern."  In  1852  Dr. 
Clark  was  elected  editor  of  the  books  and  journals  pub.  by 
the  "Western  Book  Concern"  of  the  Meth.  Church. 

Clark,  Emily.    Novels,  Lon.,  1798,  1800,  '05. 

Clark,  Ewan.    1.  Poems.  2.  Rustics,  1775, 1805, 8vo. 

Clark,  George.    Legal  compilations,  Lon.,  1777-1803. 

Clark,  Rev.  George  H.,  an  Episcopal  minister,  born 
at  Newburyport,  Mass.  The  Difficulties  and  Importance 
of  the  Ministerial  Work. 

Clark,  Gilbert.  Oughtredus  explicatus,  Lon.,  1682, 
8vo.  Spot-Diall,  1687, 4to.  Tractatus  duo  de  Fide  Nicena, 
Ac.,  contra  G.  Bullum,  1695,  8vo. 

Clark,  Henry.    Theolog.  treatises,  Lon.,  1655-57, 4to. 

Clark,  Hugh.  Introduction  to  Heraldry,  Lon.,  1776, 
12mo ;  14th  edit.,  1845,  12mo. 

"One  of  the  best  manuals  ever  published,  containing  every 
thing  necessary  to  a  thorough  knowledge  of  the  art."— Lower's 
Curiosities  of  Heraldry. 

"  I  dc  not  think  I  can  offer  better  assistance  than  will  be  found  in 
Clark's  Introduction,  &c." — Montague's  Guide  to  Study  of  Heraldry. 

A  Concise  Hist,  of  Knighthood,  1784,  2  vols.  8vo. 

Clark,  J.  Paterson,  Dentist  Extraordinary  to  his 
R.  H.  Prince  Albert.  System  of  treating  the  Teeth,  Lon., 
8vo.  Treatise  on  Teeth,  Ac.,  12mo,  1839.  Teething  and 
Management,  8vo,  1839.  The  Odontalgist,  1854,  p.  8vo. 

"  There  are  many  parts  of  this  book  which  deserve  the  notice  of 
the  profession." — Lon.  Medical  Times  and  Gazette. 

Clark,  J.  V.  H.  Onondaga,  1849, 2  vols.  8vo.  Lights 
and  Shadows  of  Indian  Character,  and  Scenes  of  Pioneer 
Life,  Syracuse,  1854,  12mo. 

Clark,  James.    Sermon,  Edin.,  1704. 

Clark,  James.     Veterinary  treatises,  1770,  '88. 

Clark,  James,  M.D.     Profess,  treatises,  1788-97. 

Clark,  Sir  James,  Bart.,  Physician-in-Ordinary  to 
the  Queen;  b.  1788,  at  Cullen,  Banffshire.  Sanative  Influ 
ence  of  Climate,  1829;  4th  ed.,  1846,  8vo. 

"  An  indispensable  companion  to  every  invalid  who  seeks  restora 
tion  of  health  or  prolongation  of  life  beneath  a  milder  sky  than 
that  which  lowers  over  his  native  land." — Lon.  Med.-Chir.  Rev. 

Treatise  on  Pulmonary  Consumption  and  Scrofula,  1835, 
8vo. 

Clark,  John.  Caledonian  Bards,  trans,  from  the 
Gaelic,  1778,  8vo.  Poems  of  Ossian,  1781,  8vo.  General 
View  of  the  Agriculture  of  Brecknock  county ;  of  Radnor ; 
of  Hereford ;  all  1794,  4to. 

"  The  three  county  reports  are  managed  in  a  superior  style."— 
Donaldson's  Agricult.  Biog. 

Nature  and  Value  of  Leased  Property,  1808,  8vo. 

Clark,  John.     Sermons,  Lon.,  8vo. 

Clark,  John,  M.D.,  1609-1676,  came  from  London  to 
Rhode  Island.  Ill  News  from  New  England;  or,  A  Narra 
tive  of  New  England's  Persecution,  Lon.,  1652,  4to,  etc. 

Clark,  John.     Tamerlane,  Lon.,  1653,  4to. 

Clark,  John.     Sermons,  1716,  4to. 

Clark,  John,  d.  1734.  Education  of  Youth,  Lon., 
1720,  8vo.  On  Study,  1731,  8vo.  Making  of  Latin,  1742, 
12mo.  Other  works.  He  edited  several  Latin  authors. 

Clark,  John,  M.D.,  1744-1805,  a  Scotch  physician, 
pub.  a  work  on  Contagious  Fevers,  Newcast.,  1802,  12mo, 
and  several  other  profess,  works,  1777-1801. 

Clark,  John.     Penman's  Diversion,  4to. 


CLA 

Clark,  John.    See  CLARKE. 

Clark,  Sir  John.     See  CLERK. 

Clark,  John  A.,  D.D.,  1801-1843,  an  Episcopal 
clergyman,  eminent  for  piety  and  zealous  discharge  of  his 
professional  duties,  at  the  time  of  his  death  Rector  of  St. 
Andrew's  Church,  Philadelphia,  pub.  a  number  of  theological 
works,  which  attained  considerable  popularity.  Awake,  Thou 
Sleeper !  3d  edit.,  New  York,  12mo.  Gathered  Fragments, 
5th  ed.,  N.  Y.,  12mo.  The  Young  Disciple,  6th  ed.,  N.  Y., 
12mo.  The  Pastor's  Testimony,  6th  ed.,  N.  Y.,  12mo. 
Gleanings  by  the  Way,  Phila.,  12mo.  A  Walk  about  Ziou, 
9th  ed.,  N.  Y.  Glimpses  of  the  Old  World,  Phila.,  4th  ed., 
with  a  Memoir  of  the  Author  by  S.  H.  Tyng,  D.D.,  Lon., 
1847,  2  vols.,  p.  8vo. 

"  Dr.  Clark  has  for  some  time  been  known  to  the  religious  public 
as  one  of  the  most  judicious  and  excellent  writers  of  the  day.  His 
works  are  all  characterized  by  good  thoughts,  well  expressed  in  a 
graceful  and  appropriate  manner,  by  great  seriousness  and  unction, 
and  an  earnest  desire  to  promote  the  spiritual  interests  of  his 
fellow-men." 

Clark,  Jonas,  of  Lexington,  Mass.,  1730-1805.  Ser 
mons,  1766,  '68,  '81.  See  Everett's  Orations,  i.  536. 

Clark,  Joshua.     Sermons,  1691,  '98,  4to. 

Clark,  Kennedy.     Poems,  1804,  12mo. 

Clark,  Lewis  Gaylord,  twin-brother  of  WILLIS  GAY- 
LORD  CLARK,  (post,}  has  obtained  great  popularity  in  hia 
capacity  of  editor  of  the  New  York  Knickerbocker  Maga 
zine.  This  excellent  periodical  was  started  in  December 
1832,  by  C.  F.  Hoffman,  who  was  succeeded  in  the  editor 
ship  in  1833,  by  Timothy  Flint.  Mr.  Clark  assumed  the 
helm  in  1834,  and  still  (in  1858)  maintains  a  post  the  duties 
of  which  few  could  discharge  so  well.  So  long  as  he  offers 
the  tempting  display  of  an  "  Editor's  Table"  furnished 
with  so  great  a  profusion  of  good  things,  he  may  reasonably 
expect  an  abundant  supply  of  delighted  guests.  It  is  no 
small  recommendation  of  such  fare,  that  each  may  partake 
to  his  heart's  content,  without  diminishing  the  quantity, 
or  injuring  the  quality,  of  the  common  stock ;  and  Mr. 
Clark  has  kindly  offered  for  the  benefit  of  the  public  at 
large,  a  portion  of  the  viands  which  have  for  so  many 
years  tickled  the  literary  palates  of  the  readers  of  the 
Knickerbocker : — Knick-Knacks  from  an  Editor's  Table, 
New  York,  1853,  12mo. 

"We  know  of  no  collection  of  American  humour  similar  to  it; 
certainly  none  that  contains  such  a  variety  of  original  and  racy 
matter." — Putnam's  Magazine,  January,  1853. 

Clark,  M.     Sermon,  Lon.,  1718,  8vo. 

Clark,  Margaret.     Confession  of,  Lon.,  1688,  4to. 

Clark,  N.    Way  of  Truth,  Lon.,  1717,  '18,  2  vols.  8vo. 

Clark,  Peter,  of  Danvers,  Mass.,  d.  1768,  aged  75. 
Sermons,  Ac.,  1728-63. 

Clark,  R.  Vermiculars  destroyed;  with  an  Historical 
Account  of  Worms,  Lon.,  1690-93,  4to. 

Clark,  Richard.  Favourite  Pieces,  performed  at  the 
Glee  and  Catch  Clubs,  Ac.,  1814,  8vo. 

Clark,  Robert.  The  Lying  Wonders,  or  rather  the 
Wonderful  Lies,  Lon.,  1660,  4to. 

Clark,  Robert.  The*  office  of  a  Sheriff  in  Scotland, 
1824,  8vo. 

Clark,  Rev.  Rufus  W.,  a  Presbyterian  minister,  b. 
1813,  at  Newburyport,  Mass.  Heaven  and  its  Scriptural 
Emblems.  Memoir  of  Rev.  John  E.  Emerson.  Lectures 
to  Young  Men.  Review  of  Prof.  Stuart  on  Slavery.  Ro 
manism  in  America.  Life  Scenes  of  the  Messiah.  Also, 
Pamphlets,  Sermons,  Ac.,  and  contributions  to  various 
journals. 

Clark,  S.    Description  of  the  World,  1689,  12mo. 

Clark,  Samuel.     Laws  of  Chance,  Ac.,  1758-77. 

Clark,  Samuel.  Theory  and  P.  of  Mechanics,  1763, 
'64,  4to. 

Clark,  Rev.  Samuel  A.,  an  Episcopal  minister,  b. 
at  Newburyport,  Mass.  Memoir  of  the  Rev.  Albert  W. 
Duy,  prefixed  to  a  vol.  of  Mr.  Duy's  sermons,  Phila.,  1846, 
r.  8vo,  and  pub.  separately  by  the  American  S.  S.  Union. 
Hist,  of  St.  John's  Church,  Elizabethtown,  N.J.,  1703-1857, 
Phila.,  1857,  12mo.  See  MURRAY,  NICHOLAS,  DD.,  No.  1. 

Clark,  Stephen  W.,  b.  in  N.Y.;  grad.  Amherst  Coll., 
1837.  Analysis  of  the  English  Language.  Practical  Gram 
mar.  Etymological  Chart. 

"This  chart  presents  at  one  view  the  entire  etymology  of  tho 
English  language." 

Clark,  T.  Perpetuation  or  Extinction  of  the  Ecclesi 
astical  Jurisdiction  in  Temporal  Concerns,  Lon.,  1840,  8vo. 

Clark,  Thomas.  Nature,Ac.of  Fever,  Edin.,1801,8vo. 

Clark,  Thomas.    Long-Shore  Pilot,  Lon.,  1810, 8vc. 

Clark,  Thomas.     System  of  Arithmetic,  1812,  8vo. 

Clark,  Thomas.    Hist,  of  Intolerance,  Lon.,  8vo. 

"An  upright  advocate  of  truth,  without  partiality  and  without 
prejudice."— ion.  Eclectic  Review. 


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Clark,  Thomas  M.,  D.D.,  Bishop  of  the  P.E.  Church 
in  the  State  of  Rhode  Island,  b.  in  Newburyport,  Mass.  I 
Lectures  on  the  Formation  of  Character,  Hartford,  1852, 
12mo.  Purity  a  Source  of  Strength.  The  Efficient  Sun 
day-School  Teacher.  An  Efficient  Ministry.  Early  Disci 
pline  and  Culture,  Prov.,  1855,  12mo.  Other  publications. 

Clark,  W.  Hist,  of  England;  ed.,  with  Addits.  and  Ques 
tions,  by  Prof.  J.  C.  Moffat,  of  Princeton  Coll.,  Gin.,  1851. 

Clark,  W.  B.     Asleep  in  Jesus,  Phila.,  18mo. 

Clark,  Wilfred.     Serms.,  Lon.,  1754,  '97,  4to. 

Clark,  William.  The  Grand  Tryal;  or,  Poetical 
Excercitations  upon  the  Book  of  Job,  Edin.,  1685,  fol. 

"  A  very  liberal  and  respectably-executed  paraphrastic  version : 
the  common  English  translation  is  given  on  the  margin." — ORME. 

Clark,  William.  The  Restless  Ghost;  or,  Wonder 
ful  News  from  Northamptonshire  and  Southwark,  4to. 

Clark,  William.  1.  Tythes.  2.  Relief  of  the  Poor, 
1515,  8vo. 

Clark,  William  George,  M.A.  Gazpacho;  or,  Sum 
mer  Months  in  Spain,  Oxford,  1850,  8vo.  Peloponnesus: 
Notes  of  Study  and  Travel,  8vo. 

"  For  archaeological  illustrations  relating  to  Mycenae,  Mantinea, 
and  Olympia,  the  Styx,  the  site  of  the  battle-field  of  Mantinea, 
botanical  notes  upon  the  banks  of  the  Ladon  and  the  Eurotas,  the 
flowers  of  asphodel,  the  brackens,  the  pools  fringed  with  lashes  of 
fern,  which  the  modern  Greeks  call  poetically  '  black  eyes,'  we  have 
much  pleasure  in  referring  the  reader  to  this  scholar-like  volume, 
full  of '  beauty  with  simplicity.'  "—Lon.  Athen.,  No.  1601,  July  3,1858. 

Clark,  William  H.     Water  Colours,  Lon.,  1807,  fol. 

Clark,  Willis  Gaylord,1810-1841,  a  native  of  Otisco, 
New  York,  proprietor  and  editor  of  the  venerable  Phila 
delphia  Gazette,  gained  great  distinction  in  the  walks  of 
both  poetry  and  prose.  As  specimens  of  the  former,  we 
need  only  select  from  the  many  pieces  the  "  Song  of  May/' 
"Memory,"  and  "A  Lament."  His  facility  and  excellence 
in  prose  composition  will  be  seen  by  reference  to  Ollapo- 
diana,  (New  York,  1844,  8vo,)  a  series  of  papers  contri 
buted  to  the  New  York  Knickerbocker  Magazine,  of  which 
his  brother,  LEWIS  GAYLORD  CLARK,  was,  and  still  is,  editor. 
His  Poems,  also,  have  been  pub.  in  a  collective  form.  See 
Griswold's  Poets  and  Poetry,  also  his  Prose  Writers  of 
America;  Duyckincks'  Cyc.  of  Amer.  Lit. 

"  These  three  numbers  of  Mr.  Clark's  writings  contain  a  series 
of  essays  and  sketches,  under  the  rather  fantastic  title  of  '  Ollapo- 
diana,'  which  were  originally  published  in  the  Knickerbocker. 
They  are  written  in  a  free  and  flowing  style,  merry  and  sad  by 
turns,  now  in  the  sunshine  and  now  in  the  shade,  but  always  with 
an  undercurrent  of  deep  feeling,  in  which  there  are  no  imparities. 
Occasionally  poems,  sometimes  original  and  at  others  selected,  are 
introduced,  showing  the  taste  and  graceful  power  of  the  author, 
and  the  habitual  tendency  of  his  mind  toward  the  beautiful.  In 
deed,  we  think  Mr.  Clark  a  better  poet  than  prose  writer.  The 
whole  tune  of  his  mind  is  highly  poetical,  and  his  thoughts  con 
tinually  flow  into  rhythm,  if  not  into  rhyme.  ...  All  Mr.  Clark's 
friends  (and  few  men  have  had  more  or  warmer  ones)  will  welcome 
this  volume,  as  a  mirror  of  his  mind,  of  his  quaintness,  his  hu 
mour,  his  pathos,  his  easy,  careless  manner,  his  disregard  of  con 
ventionalities,  and,  above  all,  of  his  gentle,  humane,  and  generous 
heart."— N.  Amer.  Rev.,  lix.  239 :  The.  Literary  Remains  of  the 
late  Willis  Gaylord  Clark,  Nos.  1,  2,  and  3,  New  York,  1844,  8vo. 

Clark,  William  Tierney,  1783-1852;  a  distinguished 
civil  engineer.  Account  of  Suspension  Bridge  across  the 
Danube,  r.  8vo. 

Clark,  Zachary.     Charities  in  Norfolk,  1812. 

Clarke's  British  Gazetteer,  Political,  Commercial,  Ec 
clesiastical,  and  Historical,  1852.  3  vols.  imp.  8vo. 

Clarke,  Adam,  LL.D.,  1762-1832,  a  native  of  Ma- 
gherafelt,  near  Londonderry,  Ireland,  was  recommended  to 
the  notice  of  the  excellent  John  Wesley,  and  by  his  influence 
placed  at  the  Kingswood  School  near  Bristol.  The  pur 
chase  of  a  Hebrew  Grammar  led  him  to  cultivate  an  ac 
quaintance  with  Oriental  literature,  in  which  he  attained 
considerable  proficiency.  When  19  he  became  an  itinerant 
preacher,  and  was  thus  employed  for  26  years.  In  1805 
he  settled  in  London,  where  he  assiduously  devoted  him 
self  to  a  work  which  engaged  his  attention  more  or  less  for 
a  large  portion  of  his  life— the  Commentary  on  the  Bible. 
In  1815  he  retired  to  an  estate  at  Millbrook,  in  Lancashire, 
purchased  for  him  by  some  generous  friends.  In  1826  he 
visited  the  Shetland  Isles,  to  ascertain  the  condition  of  the 
Methodist  Mission,  established  by  the  conference,  at  his 
suggestion  in  1822.  In  1823  he  returned  to  London,  but 
finding  his  health  impaired,  removed  to  the  parish  of  Rus- 
hp,  m  Middlesex,  whore  he  remained  until  his  death  in 
1832.  Dr.  Clarke  was  eminent  for  industry,  piety,  and  zeal 
His  Commentary  on  the  Scriptures  will  carry  his  name  to 
the  remotest  generation.  Dissertation  on  the  Use  and 
Abuse  of  Tobacco,  Lon.,  1797,  8vo.  A  Bibliographical 
Dictionary,  Liverp.  and  Manchest.,  1802,  '04,  6  vols.  12mo  • 
Supplement,  Lon.,  1806,  2  vols.  12rao.  This  work  is  not 
entirely  without  merit,  although  frequently  inaccurate,  but 
the  miserable  paper  on  which  it  is  printed,  and  the  trouble 


of  consulting  8  small  volumes,  are  sufficient  to  repel  aught 
save  the  most  determined  bibliographical  zeal.  It  includes 
the  whole  of  the  4th  ed.  of  Harwood's  View  of  the  Classics. 
100  copies  of  the  Dissertation  on  Polyglot  Bibles  was  pub. 
separately,  1823.  Baxter's  Christian  Directory  Abridged, 
1804,  2  vols.  8vo.  A  new  edit,  of  Claude  Fleury's  Hist,  of 
the  Ancient  Israelites,  [trans,  into  English  by  Farneworth, 
Lon.,  1756,  8vo,]  1805,  12mo.  Respecting  this  valuable 
work  see  Bishop  Home's  Discourse,  vol.  i.  The  Eucharist, 
1808,  8vo.  The  Succession  of  Sacred  Literature,  1807, 
12mo  and  8vo;  1821,  12mo;  new  edit.,  1831,  2  vols.  8vo; 
vol.  2d,  by  Rev.  J.  B.  B.  Clarke.  This  valuable  catena  ex 
tends  from  Moses,  B.C.  1451,  to  Thomas  Wicke,  A.D.  1299. 
No  bibliographer  should  be  without  it. 

"  The  whole  contains  much  important  information  relative  to 
biblical  and  ecclesiastical  literature."— Howe's  Bibl.  Bib. 

A  new  ed.  of  Shuckford's  Connexion,  1803,  4  vols.  8vo. 
Illness  and  Death  of  Richard  Person.  Sturm's  Reflections 
on  the  Works  of  God  and  his  Providence,  trans,  from  the  Ger 
man,  2  vols.  8vo ;  4  vols.  12mo ;  3  vols.  12mo ;  2  vols.  12mo. 

"  Ray,  Derham,  and  Sturm,  make  Science  the  handmaid  to  Keli- 
gion,  by  interspersing  serious  and  devotional  reflections  with 
scientific  information." 

See  ANDREWS,  ELIZA.  The  Holy  Bible,  with  a  Com 
mentary  and  Critical  Notes,  Lon.,  1810-26,  8  vols.  4to ; 
improved  ed.,  1833,  '34,  4to;  also,  in  royal  8vo;  new  ed.  in 
60  parts,  2*.  each,  or  6  vols.  imp.  8vo,  1851. 

"  Now,  my  dear  Everett,  tell  Mr.  Tegg  it  will  not  be  to  him  a 
second-hand  edition,  for  the  multitudinous  emendations  and  cor 
rections  from  the  author's  own  and  last  hand  will  give  him  a  com 
plete  new  copyright.  A.  CLARKE." 

A  Supplementary  volume,  entitled  The  Biblical  Com 
panion,  by  another  hand.  Dr.  Clarke  culled  his  materials 
from  more  than  two  thousand  books  in  various  languages. 

"  It  is  assuredly  a  wonderful  performance,  carried  on  as  it  was, 
in  the  midst  of  journeyings  and  privations — of  weariness  and  pain- 
fulness — of  care  and  distraction;  and  carried  on  too  by  an  unaided 
and  single-handed  man;  for  he  himself  affirms  that  he  had  no 
mortal  to  afford  him  the  smallest  assistance." — LOWNDES. 

"It  displays  much  learning  and  vast  reading.  It  dwells  fre 
quently  on  minute  points  of  comparatively  small  importance,  and 
touches  some  other  points  very  lightly.  .  .  .  The  doctrines  of  Armi- 
nius  appear  in  it,  but  are  not  offensively  urged ;  and  those  who 
cannot  afford  to  purchase  many  books,  will  find  in  the  stores  of 
Dr.  Clarke's  Commentary  valuable  assistance  for  the  understanding 
of  the  Bible."—  Orme's  Bibl.  Bib. 

"  The  literary  world  in  general,  and  biblical  students  in  particu 
lar,  are  greatly  indebted  to  Dr.  Clarke  for  the  light  he  has  thrown 
on  many  very  difficult  passages." — Home's  Bibl.  Bib. 

"  A  wonderfuLmonument  of  the  author's  erudition  and  perse 
verance.  .  . .  Dr.  Adam  Clarke  has  done  more  to  promote  the  popular 
study  of  the  sacred  books  in  England  than  any  other  man  what 
ever;  and  at  the  same  time  he  has  carefully  applied  them  to  the 
advancement  of  personal  godliness." — DR.  E.  WILLIAMS  :  Christian 
Preacher. 

"  There  is  much  valuable  matter  in  it.  Light  is  sometimes  thrown 
on  difficult  passages;  but  he  is  too  fond  of  innovations,  and  justi 
fying  generally  condemned  characters,  and  has  both  eccentric  and 
exceptionable  passages ;  yet  he  often  makes  good  practical  remarks." 
— BICKERSTETH  :  Christian  Student. 

Harmer's  Observations,  with  his  Life;  5th  and  best  ed., 
1816,  4  vols.  8vo,  by  Dr.  A.  Clarke.  Clavis  Biblica,  or  a 
Compendium  of  Biblical  Knowledge,  1820,  8vo.  Memoirs 
of  the  Wesley  Family,  8vo. 

"  To  those  who  have  read  the  Memoir  of  the  Wesley  Family  no 
recommendation  of  ours  will  enhance  its  value.  To  those,  on  the 
contrary,  who  have  that  pleasure  in  reserve,  we  can  promise  an 
exquisite  treat." — Lon.  Watchman. 

Dr.  Clarke,  assisted  by  his  eldest  son,  J.  W.  Clarke,  and 
Mr.  Holbrooke,  laboured  for  some  time  in  the  preparation 
of  a  new  edit,  of  Rymer's  Foedera.  Vol.  i.  and  the  1st 
part  of  vol.  ii.  (pub.  1818)  bear  his  name.  He  did  not  con 
tinue  his  labours  on  this  undertaking.  The  Gospels  Har 
monized.  Arranged  by  Samuel  Dunn,  1836,  8vo.  His  Mis 
cellaneous  Works  were  pub.  in  13  vols.  12rno,  1836,  Ac. 

"  Dr.  Clarke's  Miscellaneous  Works  are  worthy  of  a  place  in  every 
theological  library.  The  four  volumes  of  Sermons  which  they  con 
tain  are  very  valuable.  They  are  argumentative,  evangelical,  and 
impressive.  All  that  Dr.  Clarke  wrote  bears  evident  marks  of  re 
search  and  of  strong  sense." — DR.  E.  WILLIAMS  :  Christian  PreacJier. 

Memoirs,  ed.  by  J.  B.  B.  Clarke,  1832,  3  vols.  8vo.  See  a 
review  of  this  work  by  Southey,  in  the  Quar.  Rev.,  li.  117* 

Clarke,  Alexander.     Theolog.  treatises,  1763,  '79. 

Clarke,  Alured,  1690-1742,  Fellow  of  Corpus  Christi 
College,  Cambridge,  1718;  Prebendary  of  Exeter,  1731; 
Dean  of  Exeter,  1740.  Serms.,  1726,  '31,  '37,  '41.  Cha 
racter  of  Queen  Caroline,  1738,  Svo. 

"  He  is  said  to  have  spent  the  whole  surplus  of  his  annual  income 
in  works  of  hospitality  and  charity." 

Clarke,  Andrew.  A  Tour  in  France,  Italy,  and  Swit 
zerland  in  1840  and  1841,  Lon.,  1843,  p.  Svo. 

"The  author's  description  of  manners  or  localities  is  always  ac 
ceptable;  he  never  tells  more  than  the  reader  wishes  to  know." — 
Edin.  Evening  Courant. 

Clarke,  Anne.  Literary  Patchwork;  or  a  Collection 
;  of  Prose  and  Verse,  1813,  8vo. 


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Clarke,  Anthony.    Public  Accounts,  1782,  4to. 

Clarke,  Sir  Arthur.  Essay  on  Bathing,  Lon.,  12mo. 
"  This  work  will  be  found  to  contain  more  useful  instruction, 
and  more  valuable  practical  remarks  than  any  that  has  appeared 
on  the  subject."— ion.  Gazette  of  Health. 

Diseases  of  the  Skin,  12mo.  Use  of  Iodine,  Ac.,  12mo. 
Manual  for  Preservation  of  Health,  12mo.  Mother's  Medi 
cal  Assistant,  12mo. 

Clarke,  C.  L.     Chancery  Cases,  Rochest.,  1841,  8vo. 

Clarke,  Charles.    Antiquarian  treatises,  1751-94. 

Clarke,  Charles.     Treatise  on  Gypsum,  1792, 8vo. 

"With  an  account  of  its  extraordinary  effects  as  a  manure; 
cheap ;  and  more  productive  to  vegetation  than  any  hitherto  made 
use  of." 

Clarke,  Charles  C.     Hundred  Wonders,  1818, 12mo. 

Clarke,  Charles  M.  Diseases  of  Females,  1814, 
8vo. 

Clarke,  Cuthbert.  1.  The  True  Theory  and  Prac 
tice  of  Husbandry,  deduced  from  Philosophical  Researches 
and  Experience,  Lon.,  1775,  4to.  2.  Weights  and  Mea 
sures,  Edin.,  1789,  4to.  See  Donaldson's  Agricult.  Biog. 

For  other  treatises  on  Weights  and  Measures,  see 
ADAMS,  JOHN  QUINCY  ;  ALEXANDER,  JOHN  HENRY,  Ac. 

Clarke,  Edward,  1730-1786,  educated  at  St.  John's 
College,  Cambridge,  Rector  of  Pepperharrow,  Surrey,  1758  ; 
Chaplain  to  the  Embassy  at  Madrid,  1760.  Letters  con 
cerning  the  Spanish  Nation,  Lon.,  1765,  4to.  They  treat 
of  antiquities  and  Spanish  literature.  In  the  Appendix 
will  be  found  a  catalogue  of  the  MSS.  in  the  Library  of 
the  Escurial.  A  Defence  of  General  Johnstone,  1767.  A 
Letter,  1765.  Serm.,  1759,  4to.  Proposals  for  a  folio  ed. 
of  the  Greek  Testament. 

Clarke,  Edward  Daniel,  LL.D.,  1769-1822,  one  of 
the  most  distinguished  of  modern  travellers,  second  son  of 
the  preceding,  entered  Jesus  College,  Cambridge,  in  1786  ; 
in  1805  he  received  the  College  living  of  Harlton,  and  sub 
sequently  the  living  of  Yeldham.  In  1807  his  Lectures  on 
Mineralogy,  delivered  at  Cambridge,  excited  much  atten 
tion,  and  in  the  following  year  the  University  established 
a  Professorship  of  this  science  in  favour  of  Dr.  Clarke. 
In  1790  he  travelled  with  a  pupil,  a  nephew  of  the  Duke 
of  Dorset,  through  parts  of  Great  Britain  and  Ireland. 
He  pub.  an  account  of  this  tour  in  1793,  8vo.  This  volume 
is  now  rare ;  many  copies  having  been  bought  up  by  the 
author,  who  regretted  its  publication. 

*'  It  is  throughout  natural,  eloquent,  characteristic  of  youthful 
ardour  and  spirit,  and  strongly  indicative  of  feelings  which  do 
honour  to  the  goodness  and  humanity  of  his  heart."  See  Otter's 
Life  of  Clarke. 

The  Colossal  Statue  of  Ceres  at  Cambridge,  1803,  8vo. 
The  Tomb  of  Alexander  in  the  British  Museum,  Camb., 
1805,  4to;  repub.,  Lon.,  1806,  8vo. 

"  Dr.  Clarke  and  his  friends  have  taken  no  ordinary  pains  to 
prove  the  curious  chest  which  is  now  in  the  British  Museum,  to  be 
the  actual  depository  of  the  Macedonian  Hero;  and  they  have 
brought  together  a  body  of  materials  which  certainly  does  credit 
to  their  learning." — Lon.  Annual  Review. 

The  Mineral  Kingdom,  Lon.r1806,  fol.  Letter  to  the 
Gentlemen  of  the  British  Museum,  1807,  4to.  The  Greek 
Marbles  at  Cambridge,  Camb.,  1809,  8vo.  Letter  to  Her 
bert  Marsh,  D.D.,  Lon.,  1812,  8vo.  Chemical  Con.  to 
Ann.  Philos.,  1816,  '17.  In  1798,  in  company  with  a  pupil, 
Mr.  Cripps,  he  made  the  extensive  tour,  the  description 
of  which  has  conferred  so  much  just  celebrity  on  Dr. 
Clarke's  name.  Their  absence,  which  it  was  intended 
should  not  exceed  six  months,  was  prolonged  to  three 
years  and  a  half.  The  travellers  visited  Denmark, 
Sweden,  Lapland,  Finland,  Russia,  Tartary,  Circassia, 
Asia  Minor,  Syria,  Palestine,  Egypt,  and  Greece ;  return 
ing  home  from  Constantinople,  across  the  Balkan  moun 
tains,  through  Germany  and  France.  The  medals,  mine 
rals,  plants,  and  MSS.,  collected  during  this  tour,  were 
sold  to  the  Bodleian  Library.  Dr.  Clarke's  Travels  in 
Europe,  Asia,  and  Africa,  Ac.,  were  published  :  Vol.  i., 
1810;  ii.,  1812;  iii.,  1814;  iv.,  1816;  v.,  1819 ;  vi.,  (posth.) 
1823,  4to;  also  in  11  vols.  8vo,  1816-24.  These  charming 
and  instructive  volumes  not  only  claim  a  place  in  the  first 
rank  of  travels  by  Englishmen,  but  the  first  place  in  the 
first  rank.  We  shall  adduce  some  valuable  testimonies  to 
their  merits  : 

"  You  have  seen  and  described  more  of  the  East  than  any  of 
your  predecessors, — I  need  not  say  how  ably  and  successfully. 
'Will  you  accept  my  very  sincere  congratulations  on  your  second 
volume,  wherein  I  have  retraced  some  of  my  old  paths,  adorned 
by  you  so  beautifully,  that  they  afford  me  double  delight?  How 
much  yon  have  traversed!  I  must  resume  my  seven-leagued 
boots  and  journey  to  Palestine,  which  your  description  mortifies 
me  not  to  have  seen  more  than  ever.  I  still  sigh  for  the  vEgean 
Shall  you  not  always  love  its  bluest  of  all  waves  and  brightest  of 
all  skies?  You  have  awnkened  all  the  gipsy  in  me.  I  long  to  be 
restless  again,  and  wandering:  see  what  mischief  you  do-  you 


•won't  allow  gentlemen  to  settle  quietly  at  home.  I  will  not  wish 
you  success  and  fame,  for  you  have  both;  but  all  the  happiness 
which  even  these  cannot  always  give." — letter  from  Lord  Byron  to 
Dr.  Clarke. 

"  We  willingly  pass  over  a  host  of  minor,  and  even  respectable, 
travellers  to  journey  in  company  with  Dr.  Clarke,  whose  strong 
powers  of  observation,  and  eloquent  and  animated  pictures,  both 
of  art  and  nature,  have  raised  him  to  so  high  a  rank,  among 
modern  travellers.  His  profound  skill  in  antiquities  peculiarly 
qualified  him  for  exploring  the  regions  he  principally  traversed." 
—Murray's  History  of  Discoveries. 

"  There  is  no  department  of  inquiry  or  observation  to  which 
Dr.  C.  did  not  direct  his  attention  during  his  travel :  in  all  he 
gives  much  information  in  a  pleasant  style;  and  to  all  he  evidently 
Drought  much  judgment,  talent,  and  preparatory  knowledge." — 
Stevenson's  Discovery,  Navigation,  and  Cbmmerce. 

"  The  splendour  and  celebrity  of  all  travels  performed  by  Eng 
lishmen  have  been  exceeded  by  those  of  the  late  and  deeply  la 
mented  Dr.  Edward  Clarke.  Few  travellers  have  attained  so  large 
and  so  general  a  reputation.  His  style  is  easy  and  perspicuous : 
his  facts  are  striking,  interesting,  and  instructive:  his  matter, 
while  it  is  highly  to  the  best  interests  of  science,  displays  the  keen 
and  penetrating  observation,  the  hardy  enterprise,  and  the  invin 
cible  perseverance  of  the  author.  That  Dr.  Clarke  will  live,  in  the 
purest  sense  of  the  word,  cannot  be  doubted  for  an  instant :  his 
name  will  be  held  in  more  than  ordinary  estimation  by  a  grateful 
posterity.  Upon  the  whole,  if  Humboldt  be  the  first,  Clarke  is 
the  second,  traveller  of  his  age." — Dr.  Dibdin's  Library  Companion. 

"  Few  travellers  can  be  compared  with  Dr.  Clarke,  whether  we 
consider  the  number  of  countries  which  he  visited,  the  extent  and 
variety  of  his  researches,  or  the  diligence  and  success  with  which 
he  applied  himself  to  collect  materials,  illustrations  of  natural 
philosophy,  antiquities,  and  the  fine  arts." — Museum  Criticum, 
Cambridge. 

"  He  has  a  power  of  selecting  objects,  and  raciness  in  describing 
them,  almost  unparalleled.  Few  men  have  seen  so  much  as  this 
lively  and  interesting  traveller,  and  still  fewer  have  so  well  de 
scribed  what  they  have  seen." — Lon.  Quarterly  Review. 

"  On  all  the  topics  which  interest  a  traveller,  Dr.  Clarke's  infor 
mation  is  important  and  extensive;  and  we  accordingly  find  in 
these  volumes  a  vast  body  of  matter  exceedingly  valuable  for  rec 
tifying  the  errors  of  other  writers,  and  for  increasing  our  know 
ledge  of  countries  aspiring  to  the  first  rank  among  European  na 
tions." — Edin.  Review. 

"  No  man  has  surveyed  the  world  with  the  advantages  of  more 
various  learning,  or  has  communicated  to  the  public  the  results  of 
his  remarks  on  mankind,  in  a  style  more  distinguished  for  clear 
ness,  elegance,  and  facility,  than  the  learned  and  intelligent  author 
of  these  matchless  volumes." — Lon.  Eclectic  Review. 

"  The  accomplished  and  famed  traveller  of  Cambridge.  He  is  a 
most  favourable  specimen  of  English  travellers,  and  does  honour 
to  the  great  University  of  which  he  was  such  a  distinguished  or 
nament." — Elackwood's  Magazine. 

Let  no  fireside  circle  complain  of  "  dull  winter  even 
ings"  until  they  have  exhausted  the  volumes  which  con 
tain  Dr.  Clarke's  fascinating  descriptions  of  his  peregri 
nations.  The  4to  ed.,  pub.  at  £27  2s.,  can  now  be  had  for 
£6  to  £8 ;  and  the  8vo  ed.,  pub.  at  £10,  for  about  three 
guineas.  Let  there  be  added  the  Life  and  Remains  of 
Dr.  Clarke,  by  his  friend,  Mr.  Otter,  Lon.,  1824,  4to. 

Clarke,  Edward  Goodman,  M.D.  The  Modern 
Practice  of  Physic,  Lon.,  1805,  8vo. 

"  This  volume  may  be  recommended  to  the  student  as  contain 
ing  the  best  compendium  of  modern  improvement  in  medicine 
and  therapeutics  which  we  have  had  occasion  to  peruse." — Lon. 
Critical  Review. 

"  We  earnestly  recommend  this  work  as  deserving  of  the  atten 
tion,  particularly,  of  the  junior  branches  of  the  profession;  as  it 
is  written  in  an  able  and  scientific  manner."— Lon.  Med.  Journal. 

The  New  London  Practice  of  Physic;  7th  ed.,  Lon., 
1811,  8vo.  Other  profess,  treatises,  1799,  1810. 

Clarke,  Edmund  William.  Serms.,  Lon.,  1835, 8vo. 

Clarke,  Francis.     See  CLKRKE. 

Clarke,  Francis  F.     Serms.,  Lon.,  1839,  8vo. 

Clarke,  Francis  L.  1.  Geography.  2.  Wellington, 
1810,  '12. 

Clarke,  Geo.    The  Landed  Man's  Assist.,  1715, 12mo. 

Clarke,  George.   Theolog.  treatises,  1789,1806,12mo. 

Clarke,  George  Somers,  D.D.  Trans,  of  (Edipus, 
Lon.,  1791,  8vo.  Verses,  1793,  4to.  Serms.,  1808.  He 
brew  Criticism  and  Poetry,  1810,  8vo. 

Clarke,  H.  J.    Two  Serms.,  Lon.,  1851,  8vo. 

Clarke,  Henry,  1745-1818,  a  mathematician,  Profes/ 
R.  Military  Coll.  at  Marlow.  The  Summation  of  Series, 
trans,  from  the  Latin,  Lon.,  1780,  4to.  Practical  Perspect 
ive,  1776.  Virgil  Revindicated,  being  a  reply  to  Bishop 
Horsley,  1809,  4to.  Other  publications. 

Clarke,  Henry.  Angels,  a  Poem,  Lon.,  1848, 12mo. 
Poems  on  the  Church,  Ac.,  Lon.,  1842,  12mo. 

"  They  fully  merit  the  commendation  which  we  remember  to 
have  seen  bestowed  by  the  British  Critic  on  a  previous  volume."— 
Englishman's  Mag. ;  and  see  Christian  Remembrancer. 

Clarke,  Hewson.  Saunterer,  1806,  2  vols.  12mo. 
Art  of  Pleasing,  ]  807, 8vo.  Campaign  in  Russia,  1813,  8vo. 

Clarke,  Hyde,  has  pub.  several  works,  and  contri 
buted  the  Statistical  Information  to  1850,  in  Porter  and 
Long's  Geography  of  England  and  Wales. 


CLA 


CLA 


"We  cannot  speak  too  highly  of  the  statistical  portion,  which 
contains  a  complete  view,  in  a  condensed  form,  of  the  whole  body 
of  statistics  relating  to  England  and  Wales,  brought  down  to  the 
present  time."— Civil  Engineer's  Journal. 

See  PORTER,  G.  R. 

Clarke,  J.,  M.D.  Seder  Olam;  or  the  Order  of  Ages. 
From  the  Latin,  Lon.,  1696,  8vo. 

Clarke,  J.     Clerk's  Assistant,  Lon.,  1783,  12mo. 

Clarke,  J.  B.  B.,  son  of  Dr.  Adam  Clarke.  Concise 
View  of  the  Succession  of  Sacred  Literature,  vol.  ii.,  Lon., 
1832,  Svo.  Memoirs  of  Adam  Clarke,  &c. :  see  ADAM 
CLARKE.  Serms.,  1833,  8vo. 

"  They  evince  an  earnestness  of  appeal,  grounded  upon  solid 
argument,  and  urged  with  considerable  animation."— Lon.  Cliris- 
tian  Remembrancer. 

Clarke,  J.  H.  Effects  of  Landscape  Scenery,  1812 : 
pub.  at  £5  5*. 

Clarke,  J.  W.     See  CLARKE,  ADAM. 

Clarke,  James.     Topograph.  works,  1787,  '93. 

Clarke,  James.  Publications  on  Politics,  Political 
Economy,  and  Religion,  1809,  '11. 

Clarke,  James  Edward.  Dissert,  on  the  Dragon, 
Beast,  and  False  Prophet  of  the  Apocalypse,  Lon.,1814,8vo. 

"  We  cannot  agree  with  the  author  in  many  of  his  explanations : 
yet  we  have  read  his  work  with  some  degree  of  satisfaction,  and 
think  he  has  succeeded  in  throwing  additional  light  on  some  of 
the  obscure  subjects  which  he  undertakes  to  illustrate." — Lon. 
Eclectic  Review. 

Clarke,  James  Freeman,  a  native  of  Boston,  Mass., 
a  minister  of  the  gospel,  formerly  editor  of  The  Western 
Messenger,  pub.  in  1846  a  Poem  delivered  before  the  Phi 
Beta  Kappa  Society.  See  some  of  his  minor  poems  in 
Griswold's  Poets  and  Poetry  of  America. 

Clarke,  James  Stanier,  d.  1834,  brother  of  Dr. 
Edward  Daniel  Clarke,  the  celebrated  traveller,  was  Do 
mestic  Chaplain  and  Librarian  to  George  IV.,  Vicar  of 
Preston,  Rector  of  Coombs,  and  Canon  of  Windsor. 
Naval  Serms.,  Lon.,  1798,  8vo.  The  Progress  of  Maritime 
Discovery,  vol.  i. ;  all  pub.  1803,  4to.  This  work  was  left 
incomplete,  but  it  is  well  worth  purchasing  were  it  only 
for  its  analytical  Catalogue  of  Voyages  and  Travels  in  all 
languages.  An  ed.  of  Falconer's  Shipwreck,  1804,  8vo. 
Naufragia,  1805,  2  vols.  12mo.  In  conjunction  with  Dr. 
McArthur,  The  Life  of  Lord  Nelson,  1809,  2  vols.  4to; 
Abridgt.,  1810,  8vo. 

"  Every  Englishman  ought  to  possess  this  interesting  and  im 
portant  biography,  forming  a  complete  naval  history  of  the  last 
half  century."  , 

Serm.,  1811.  An  ed.  of  Lord  Clarendon's  Essays,  1815, 
2  vols.  12mo.  The  Life  of  James  II. :  pub.  from  the  ori 
ginal  Stuart  MSS.,  1816,  2  vols.  4to. 

"  From  such  a  treasure  as  this  Journal  [James  II .'s  MSS.]  it  is  a 
matter  to  be  lamented,  and  indeed  deserving  of  extreme  surprise, 
that  such  a  historian  as  Hume  did  no  more  than  produce  a  single 
extract."— Prof.  Smyth's  Led.  on  Mod.  Hist. 

The  Naval  Chronicle  originated  with  Mr.  Clarke. 
Clarke,  Jeremiah,  d.  1707,  a  composer  of  Church 
Music,  Ac.     Some  of  his  songs  will  be  found  in  The  Pills 
to  Purge  Melancholy.     He  pub.  Lessons  for  the  Harpsi 
chord.   "  I  will  love  thee,"  in  the  2d  book  of  the  Harmonia 
Sacra,  "Bow  down  thine  Ear,"  and  "Praise  the  Lord,  0 
Jerusalem,"  are  Clarke's  compositions.     To  these  must  be 
added    "  The  Bonny  grey-ey'd  Morn,"  in  the  Beggar's 
Opera.     It  was  composed  for  D'Urfey's  "  Fond  Husband." 
Clarke,  John.    Trumpet  of  Apollo,  Lon.,  1602, 12mo. 
Clarke,  John,  of  Fiskerton.     Transitionum  Rhetori- 
carum  Formulae,  Lon.,  1628,  8vo. 

Clarke,  John.  Holy  Oyle  for  the  Lampes  of  the 
Sancturie,  1630,  4to. 

"  For  the  use  and  benefit  of  such  as  desire  to  speake  the  lan 
guage  of  Canaan;  more  especially  the  sonnes  of  the  Prophets,  who 
would  attaine  elegancie  and  sublimity  of  expressions." 

Serm.,  1646,  4to.  Treatise  about  the  Comfort  of  God's 
Children,  1670.  8vo. 

Clarke,  John.  The  Plotters  Unmasked;  or,  Murder 
ers  no  Saints,  1661,  4to.  ,  , 

Clarke,  John,  1650-1721.  The  Humours  of  Harle 
quin,  a  series  of  12  plates. 

Clarke,  John,  D.D.,  d.  1759,  Dean  of  Sarum.  Trans, 
of  Rohault's  Physics,  2  vols.  8vo,  into  English.  Notes  in 
Wollaston's  Religion  of  Nature.  Newton's  Principles  of 
Nat.  Philos.,  Lon.,  1730,  8vo.  Cause  and  Origin  of  Evil, 
vol.  i. ;  8  serms.  at  Boyle's  Lecture,  1719,  '20,  8vo ;  vol.  ii.  ; 
8  serms.  at  Boyle's  Lecture,  1720,  '21,  8vo.  Serm.,  1732^ 
8vo.  Trans,  of  Grotius  on  the  Truth  of  the  Christian  Re 
ligion,  with  Le  Clerc's  Notes;  new  ed.,  1814,  8vo. 

"  An  excellent  manual ;  clear,  forcible,  and  easy.  So  common 
that  almost  everybody  has  it,  and  so  excellent  that  nobody  ought 
to  be  without  it."— BISHOP  WATSON. 

Clarke,  John.    Medical  treatises,  Lon.,  1751,  '58,  '93, 


1815.  Med.  Trans.,  1815.  Trans.  Med.  and  Chir.,  1793, 
1800.  Phil.  Trans.,  1793. 

Clarke,  John,  Lieut,  of  Marines.  Military  Institu 
tions  of  Vegetius ;  trans,  from  the  Latin,  Lon.,  1767,  8vo. 
An  impartial  and  authentic  Narrative  of  the  Battle  of 
Bunker's  Hill,  Lon.,  1775,  8vo. 

"  Differs,  in  several  respects,  from  the  Gazette  account.  Time 
will  shew  whether  General  Gage  or  Lieutenant  Clarke  will  be  ac 
counted  the  better  authority."— Lon.  Monthly  Review,  liii.  265. 

The  collector  of  books  upon  American  History  should 
procure  Lieut.  Clarke's  Narrative. 

Clarke,  John.     Serm.,  1803,  4to. 

Clarke,  John.  Illustrations  of  the  Morning  Service 
of  the  Church  of  England,  1804,  12mo. 

Clarke,  John,  D.D.,  1755-1798,  a  minister  of  Boston, 
Mass.  Serms.,  Ac.,  1784-1804. 

Clarke,  John.    Serms.,  Ac.,  1808,  '12. 

Clarke,  John.  Bibliotheca  Legum :  Complete  Cata 
logue  of  the  Common  and  Statute  Books  of  the  United 
Kingdom;  new  edit.,  1819,  Lon.,  18mo.  This  excellent 
catalogue — most  elaborately  arranged  according  to  sub 
jects,  yet  rendered  easy  of  consultation  by  a  general  in 
dex — should  be  in  every  public  library  and  on  every  law 
yer's  table.  We  refer  below  to  several  works  of  a  similar 
character.  A  comprehensive  BIBLIOTHECA  LEGUM  is  still 
a  desideratum.  The  profession  will  see  that  we  have  not 
entirely  neglected  so  important  a  subject. 

See  BRIDGMAN,  RD.  W. ;  BROOKE,  EDWARD  ;  HOFFMAN, 
DAYID  ;  MARTIN,  J.  G. ;  WORRALL,  JOHN. 

Clarke,  John.  An  Inquiry  into  the  nature  and  value 
of  Landed  and  Household  Property,  Ac.,  Lon.,  1808,  8vo. 
We  have  no  doubt  that  this  work  should  be  attributed  to 
John  Clark,  the  author  of  the  Caledonian  Bards,  Ac.  We 
have,  therefore,  placed  it  under  his  name,  also,  and  sup 
plied  the  above  date. 

Clarke,  John.     Sixteen  Serms.,  Camb.,  1829,  8vo. 

Clarke,  John  L.  A  Rule  how  to  bring  up  Children, 
Lon.,  1588,  8vo.  This  work  is  based  upon  the  Bible;  the 
only  competent  "rule"  for  men,  women,  and  children. 

Clarke,  Jos.     Serm.,  Lon.,  1691. 

Clarke,  Joseph.     Theolog.  treatises,  Lon.,  1746,  '49. 

Clarke,  Joseph,  M.D.  Profess,  con.  to  Med.  Com., 
1790;  Phil.  Trans.,  1786;  Trans.  Irish  Acad.,  1788. 

Clarke,  L.     History  of  the  Bible,  1737,  2  vols.  4to. 

Clarke,  L.     Letter  to  Henry  Brougham,  1818,  8vo. 

Clarke,  M.  A.,  M.D.  Management  of  Children,  from 
the  Time  of  Birth  to  the  Age  of  Seven  Years,  Lon.,  1773,  8vo. 

Clarke,  M'Donald,  1798-1842,  known  for  many 
years  in  N.Y.  as  The  Mad  Poet.  We  are  indebted  to  Duyc- 
kincks'  Cyclopedia  for  the  following  list  of  his  publications. 

1.  Review  of  The  Eve  of  Eternity,  and  other  Poems,  1820. 

2.  The  Elixir  of  Moonshine;  being  a  collection  of  Prose  and 
Poetry,  by  the  Mad  Poet,  1822.   3.  The  Gossip;  or,  A  Laugh 
with  the  Ladies,  a  Grin  with  the   Gentlemen,   Ac.,  1825. 
4.  Sketches,  1826.    5.  Afara;  or,  The  Belles  of  Broadway, 
2  Series.   6.  Poems,  1836.    7.  A  Cross  and  a  Coronet,  1841. 

Clarke,  Mary  Ann.  'The  Rival  Princes,  1810,  2  vols. 
8vo.  Letter  to  Rt.  Hon.  W.  Fitzgerald,  1813,  8vo.  Mrs. 
Clarke  received  £10,000  and  an  annuity  of  £600  for  sup 
pressing  an  edition  of  10,000  copies  of  another  work.  See 
Timperley's  Encyclopaedia  of  Literary  and  Typographical 
Anecdote,  Lon.,  1839,  r.  8vo. 

Clarke,  Mary  Cowden,  an  English  lady,  for  some 
years  past  resident  at  Nice,  has  distinguished  herself  for 
all  future  time  by  the  successful  execution  of  one  of  the 
happiest  literary  projects  which  ever  entered  into  the  ima 
gination  of  man  or  woman.  That  laborious  index-maker, 
Samuel  Ayscough,  had  pub.  in  1790  a  Copious  Index  to  the 
Remarkable  Passages  and  Words  made  use  of  by  Shaks- 
peare;  reprinted,  Dublin,  1791,  and  Lon.,  1827,  Svo. 
Francis  Twiss  also  gave  to  the  world  in  1805-07,  2  vols. 
Svo,  a  Complete  Verbal  Index  to  the  Plays  of  Shakspeare. 
But  these  works,  which  had  cost  the  authors  such  an  outlay 
of  time  and  toil,  were  very  incomplete,  and  perhaps  more 
frequently  productive  of  headaches  and  new  instances  of 
the  "pursuit  of  knowledge  under  difficulties,"  than  suc 
cessful  explorations.  Now,  it  occurred  to  Mrs.  Clarke  that 
a  Complete  CONCORDANCE  to  the  Dramatic  Works  of  Shaks 
peare  would  be  invaluable  to  the  literary  world,  and  would 
enter  into  a  companionship  with  the  great  bard  as  close 
and  enduring  as  that  which  subsists  between  Coke  and 
Littleton.  Or  if  Mrs.  Clarke  did  not  exactly  think  all 
this,  we  may  be  allowed  to  think  it  for  her.  To  this  mag 
num  opus,  pub.  in  1846,  she  devoted  the  untiring  labour 
of  sixteen  years,  twelve  in  the  preparation  of  the  MS.  and 
four  more  in  guiding  it  through  the  press.  The  length  of 
time  employed  will  not  seem  extravagant,  when  we  con- 


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Bider  that  the  2578  columns  which  compose  the  work  con 
tain  about  309,000  lines,  each  one  of  which  required,  both 
in  MS.  and  print,  a  rigid  scrutiny.  How  faithfully  this 
duty  was  discharged,  may  be  judged  from  the  fact,  that 
the  table  of  errata  contains  but  thirteen  lines;  all  of  which 
are  omissions  merely:  as  to  errors,  we  have  no  evidence 
of  their  existence.  The  reader  will  feel  a  great  curiosity 
to  know  the  modus  operandi  adopted  in  such  an  Herculean 
undertaking : 

"  We  had  been  erroneously  informed  that  each  line  of  the  Con 
cordance  was  written  on  a  separate  slip  of  paper,  and  put  into 
baskets  alphabetically  arranged.  Had  this  been  so,  we  opine  it 
would  have  required  buck-baskets  as  large  as  that  into  which  fat 
Jack  was  so  unceremoniously  thrust,  and  a  room  to  hold  them  as 
capacious  as  St.  George's  Hall,  in  Windsor  Castle.  Far  different 
aud  more  ingenious  was  the  mode  pursued." — R.  BALMANNO:  see 
A  Testimonial  to  Mrs.  Mary  Cowden  Clarke,  New  York,  1852,  pri 
vately  printed  for  subscribers  only. 

We  trust  that  we  shall  not  be  blamed  if  we  gratify  a 
laudable  curiosity,  by  an  extract  from  a  letter  from  Mrs. 
Clarke  to  the  author  of  this  Dictionary,  in  which  the  grand 
secret  is  disclosed : 

"  The  method  I  pursued  was  this : — I  had  a  wide-backed  port 
folio  for  each  letter  of  the  Alphabet,  (in  some  instances — as  S,  for 
example — it  required  two  portfolios.)  I  took  a  fresh  sheet  of  paper 
for  each  word  I  inscribed.  I  worked  straight  through  two  pages 
of  Shakespeare  as  they  lay  open  before  me,  letter  by  letter,  thus: — 
suppose  the  top  line  of  the  page  was  '  Angels  are  bright  still, 
though  the  brightest  fell :'  I  entered  the  word  '  Angel'  under  its 
proper  head,and  all  the  succeeding  words  beginning  with  A  through 
the  two  pages ;  then  '  fell,'  and  so  on,  till  the  whole  of  the  two 
pages  were  gone  through;  and  then  on  to  two  more.  At  the  end 
of  each  play,  I  collected  all  the  jilted  pages  of  the  MS.,  that  my 
portfolio  might  be  as  little  loaded  as  need  be;  but  even  with  this 
precaution,  the  bulk  in  use  was  very  large.  However,  although 
the  bulk  may  be  increased  by  using  a  fresh  sheet  for  each  word, 
yet  I  think  the  advantage  of  clearness  thus  obtained  quite  coun 
terbalances  the  inconvenience,  Ac." — Dorchester  Terrace,  Bays- 
water,  March  25, 1852. 

So  admirably  simple  and  ingenious  was  the  path  which 
led  the  adventurer  safely  through  this  wilderness  of  words. 
Every  one  who  has  a  SHAKSPEARE — as  "who  hath  not, 
that  hath"  a  book  at  all — should  immediately  procure  Mrs. 
Clarke's  invaluable  CONCORDANCE.  Let  the  reader  add  to 
this  volume  Mrs.  Clarke's  Girlhood  of  Shakspere's  Hero 
ines;  Shakspere  Proverbs;  Kit  Barn's  Adventures,  and 
The  Iron  Cousin,  or  Mutual  Influence. 

'•  Mrs.  Cowden  Clarke,  whose  Concordance  of  Shakspeare  shows 
such  mastery  of  the  letter  of  the  poet's  works,  now  evinces  her 
appreciation  of  their  spirit  in  a  series  of  fictions  entitled  The 
Girlhood  of  Shakspeare's  Heroines."— Dickens's  Household  Narra 
tives. 

World-Noted  Woman;  or,  Types  of  Particular  Womanly 
Attributes  of  All  Lands  and  Ages  Illustrated,  N.Y.,  1858, 
8vo.  This  elaborate  volume  was  prepared  by  Mrs.  Clarke 
at  the  suggestion  of  the  Messrs.  Appleton,  the  well-known 
publishers  of  New  York.  Mrs.  Clarke  has  also  trans,  from 
the  French  Catel's  Treatise  on  Harmony,  and  Cherubini's 
Treatise  on  Counterpoint  and  Fugue. 

Clarke,  Matthew,  1664-1726,  a  Dissenting  minister 
in  London.  Serms.,  1714,  '21,  '23,  '27. 

Clarke,  Matthew  St.  Clair,  and  D.  A.  Hall.  His 
tory  of  the  Bank  of  the  United  States,  Washington,  1832, 
8vo,  pp.  808.  See  North  American  Review,  July,  1832. 
Cases  of  Contested  Elections  in  Congress,  from  1789  to 
1834,  inclusive,  Washington,  8vo.  M.  St.  C.  C.  and  Peter 
Force ;  Documentary  History  of  the  American  Revolution, 
Washington,  1838,  fol. ;  pp.  943.  This  vol.  extends  from 
March  1,  1774,  to  May  2,  1775. 

"It  includes  all  the  debates  in  the  English  House  of  Lords  and 
in  the  Commons.  ...  It  is  a  documentary  history  such  as  never 
before  existed,  when  the  greatest  minds  of  the  age  were  brought 
into  collision,  and  met  to  discuss  the  doctrines  and  the  rights 
which  were  effecting  a  change  in  the  destiny  of  the  race." — North 
American  Review,  April,  1838 ;  q.  v.  See  FORCE,  PETER. 

Clarke,  Reuben.    Serms.,  Lon.,  1767,  '95,  8vo. 

Clarke,  Richard,  an  English  divine,  was  some  time 
Rector  of  St.  Philip's  Church,  Charleston,  S.  Carolina.  He 
returned  to  England  in  1759,  and  in  1768  was  curate  of 
Cheshunt  in  Hertfordshire.  Theolog.  treatises,  1759-95. 

Clarke,  Richard,  M.D.  Plan  for  increasing  Naval 
Force  of  Great  Britain,  Lon.,  1795,  8vo.  Medical  Stric 
tures,  1799,  8vo. 

Clarke,  Rev.  Robert.  Med.  <tc.  con.  to  Phil.  Trans., 
1697,  1748. 

Clarke,  Robert.     Con.  to  Med.  Tracts,  1795. 

Clarke,  Samuel,  1599-1682,  a  native  of  Worlston, 
Warwickshire,  educated  at  Emanuel  College,  Minister  of 
St.  Bennet  Fink,  ejected,  1662,  pub.  several  valuable  theo 
logical  works.  The  Saint's  Nosegay,  Lon.,  1642,  12mo. 
A  Looking  Glass  for  Saints  and  Sinners,  and  Lives  of 
Persons  eminent  for  Piety,  1646,  12mo;  1672,  fol.;  vol.ii. 
1673,  fol. 


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"  He  must  have  turned  over  a  prodigious  number  of  volumes  to 
accumulate  such  a  mass  of  anecdote." 

Marrow  of  Ecclesiastical  History,  1650,  2  vols.  4to;  best 
ed.,  1675,  fol.  Lives  of  Sundry  Eminent  Persons  in  this 
Latter  Age,  1683,  fol. 

"  Various  particulars  of  the  lives  of  eminent  men,  not  now  to 
be  found  elsewhere."— BICKERSTETH. 

General  Martyrology,  1651,  fol.;  the  same,  with  the 
Lives  of  32  English  Divines,  1652,  fol.;  with  addits.,  1677, 
fol.  The  Marrow  of  Divinity,  1659,  fol.  New  Descrip 
tion  of  the  World,  1689,  fol.  Other  works. 

"  The  value  of  most  of  his  lives  is,  that  they  are  taken  from 
scarce  volumes  and  tracts,  which  it  would  now  be  extremely  diffi 
cult,  as  well  as  expensive,  to  procure." 

Clarke,  Samuel,  1623-1669,  an  eminent  Oriental 
scholar,  a  native  of  Brackley,  Northamptonshire,  entered 
of  Merton  College,  Oxford,  1638,  assisted  Walton  in  his 
Polyglot  Bible.  Varise  Lectiones  et  Observationes  in 
Chaldaicam  Paraphrasim. — Polyg.  Bill.,  vol.  vi.  Scien- 
tia  Metrica  et  Rhythmica,  Oxon.,  1661,  8vo.  Beracoth, 
1667,  8vo.  See  a  description  of  his  works,  printed  and 
in  MS.,  in  Athen.  Oxon.  Wood  tells  us  that  he  wa8 

"  Right  famous  for  Oriental  learning." 

Clarke,  Samuel,  1626-1700-01,  son  of  Samuel 
Clarke  the  Martyrologist,  was  educated  at  Pembroke  Hall, 
Cambridge.  The  Old  and  New  Testament,  with  Annota 
tions  and  Scriptural  Passages,  Lon.,  1690,  8vo;  1735,  '60, 
fol. ;  Glasg.,  1765,  fol.  This  commentary  was  the  princi 
pal  employment  of  his  life. 

"  This  work  is  recommended  by  Owen,  Bates,  Baxter,  and  Howe. 
Except  the  parallel  Scriptures,  however,  it  does  not  appear  to  me 
to  possess  great  value,  or  to  contain  much  original  composition. 
It  is  generally  very  judicious,  and  is  recommended  by  the  Bishop 
of  Chester."—  Orme's  Bibl.  Bib. 

"  The  selection  of  parallel  texts  is  admirable ;  and  the  notes, 
though  very  brief,  are  written  with  great  judgment." — Home's 
BiU.  Bib. 

"  The  notes  are  very  short,  sometimes  only  a  single  sentence,  but 
generally  excellent.  Dr.  Doddridge  made  it  his  commonplace 
book."— Bicker  steMs  Christian  Student. 

It  is  also  highly  recommended  by  Bishop  Cleaver,  Dr. 
Calamy,  and  others. 

"  It  has  been  an  excellent  fund  for  some  modern  commentators, 
who  have  republished  a  great  part  of  it.  with  very  little  alteration." 

Abridgt.  of  the  Hist.  Part  of  the  0.  and  N.  Testaments, 
1690,  8vo.  Survey  of  the  Bible,  1693,  4to. 

"A  useful  analysis  of  each  chapter." — Bickerstfth's  Chris.  Student. 

Serm.,  1693,  4to.  Brief  Concordance  of  the  Holy  Scrip 
tures,  1696,  12mo.  A  Discourse  of  Justification,  1698, 4to. 

Clarke,  Samuel,  D.D.,  1675-1729,  one  of  the  most 
celebrated  of  English  philosophers  and  divines,  was  a  na 
tive  of  Norwich,  where  his  father,  Edward  Clarke,  was  an 
alderman.  He  entered  Caius  College,  Cambridge,  in  1691; 
Chaplain  to  Dr.  Moore,  Bishop  of  Norwich,  1698,  who  gave 
him  the  rectory  of  Drayton ;  Rector  of  St.  Bennet's,  Paul's 
Wharf,  London,  1706 ;  Rector  of  St.  James's,  Westminster, 
1709.  When  only  twenty  years  of  age  he  distinguished 
himself  by  a  successful  effort  to  substitute  the  Newtonian 
for  the  Cartesian  philosophy,  which  still  prevailed  at  Cam 
bridge.  The  physics  of  Rohault,  "a  work  entirely  Car 
tesian,"  was  the  Cambridge  text-book.  The  Latinity  of 
this  work  was  very  defective,  and  this  fact  gave  Clarke  an 
opportunity  to  supplant  its  principles  under  the  cloak  of  a 
better  translation,  and  supplementary  notes. 

"A  new  and  more  elegant  translation  was  published  by  Dr. 
[then  Mr.]  Samuel  Clarke,  with  the  addition  of  notes,  in  which 
that  profound  and  ingenious  writer  explained  the  views  of  Newton 
on  the  principal  subjects  of  discussion,  so  that  the  notes  contained 
virtually  a  refutation  of  the  text :  tney  did  so,  however,  only  vir 
tually  ;  all  appearance  of  argument  and  controversy  being  care 
fully  avoided.  Whether  this  escaped  the  notice  of  the  learned 
doctors  or  not,  is  uncertain;  but  the  new  translation,  from  its 
better  Latinity,  .  .  .  was  readily  admitted  to  all  the  academical 
honours  which  the  old  one  had  enjoyed.  Thus  the  stratagem  of 
Dr.  Clarke  completely  succeeded ;  the  tutor  might  prelect  from  the 
text,  but  the  pupil  would  sometimes  look  into  the  notes;  and 
error  is  never  so  sure  of  being  exposed  as  when  the  truth  is  placed 
close  to  it,  side  by  side,  without  any  thing  to  alarm  prejudice  or 
awaken  from  its  lethargy  the  dread  of  innovation." — PROF.  PLAYFAIB. 

"  This  certainly  was  a  more  prudent  method  of  introducing 
truth  unknown  before,  than  to  attempt  to  throw  aside  this  treatise 
entirely  and  write  a  new  one  instead  of  it.  The  success  answered 
exceedingly  well  to  his  hopes ;  and  he  may  justly  be  styled  a  great 
benefactor  to  the  university  in  this  attempt.  For  by  this  means 
the  true  philosophy  has,  without  any  noise,  prevailed ;  and  to  this 
day  the  translation  of  Rohault  is,  generally  speaking,  the  stand 
ing  text  for  lectures,  and  his  notes  the  first  direction  to  those  who 
are  willing  to  receive  the  truth  of  things,  in  the  place  of  invention 
and  romance." — BISHOP  HOADLY. 

Of  this  translation  there  have  been  four  editions ;  the 
last  and  best,  in  1718,  8vo.  A  translation  of  Rohault  into 
English,  with  Dr.  Samuel  Clarke's  Notes,  was  made  by 
the  brother  of  the  latter,  Dr.  John  Clarke,  Dean  of  Sarum, 
Lon.,  1710,  2  vols.  8vo. 

Our  author,  having  chosen  divinity  as  his  profession,  ap- 


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plied  himself  with  much  zeal  to  theological  learning,  in 
which  he  made  great  attainments.     Three  Practical  Es 
says  on  Baptism,  Confirmation,  and  Repentance,  1699,  8vo. 
"  Mr.  Whiston  esteems  these  Essays  the  most  serious  treatises 
Dr.  Clarke  ever  wrote,  and  which,  with  a  little  correction,  will 
still  be  very  useful  in  all  Christian  families." — Biog.  Brit. 
But  audi  alteram  partem  : 

"  These  publications  gave  little  promise  of  Clarke's  subsequent 
performances.  They  are  destitute  of  originality  and  acuteness ; 
nor  is  there  any  thing  in  the  style  to  compensate  for  mediocrity 
of  thought  and  illustration." — Cunningham's  Biog.  Hist.  ofEng. 

Eeflections  on  Amyntor,  1699.  Paraphrases  upon  the 
Gospel  of  St.  Matthew,  1701;  St.  Mark  and  St.  Luke,  1702; 
St.  John  :  often  reprinted  under  the  title  of  A  Paraphrase 
on  the  Four  Evangelists,  2  vols.  8vo. 

"  Dr.  Clarke's  Paraphrase  deserves  an  attentive  reading :  he 
narrates  a  story  in  handsome  language,  and  connects  the  parts  well 
together ;  but  fails  much  in  emphasis,  and  seems  to  mistake  the 
order  of  the  histories."— DR.  DODDRIDGE. 

"  Dr.  Clarke  was  a  superior  scholar,  and  a  man  who  studied  the 
Bible  with  attention,  though  some  of  its  grand  doctrines  were  not 
correctly  understood  by  him.  .  .  .  Those  who  are  partial  to  para 
phrases  of  the  Bible,  which  the  author  of  this  work  is  not,  will 
find  Clarke  and  Pyle  not  inferior  to  the  generality  of  paraphrasts." 
— Orme's  BM.  Bib. 

Pyle's  [Thomas]  Paraphrase  on  the  Acts  and  the  Epis 
tles,  1725,  2  vols.  8vo,  and  on  the  Book  of  Revelation,  1735, 
8vo,  were  designed  as  a  continuation  of  Clarke's  work. 
See  PYLE,  THOMAS.  Controversy  with  Mr.  Dodwell  re 
specting  the  Immortality  of  the  Soul ;  five  treatises,  pub. 
1706,  '07.  Demonstration  of  the  Being  and  Attributes  of 
God.  The  Obligations  of  Natural  Religion,  and  the  Truth 
and  Certainty  of  the  Christian  Revelation,  in  Answer  to 
Hobbes,  Spinoza,  <fec.,  being  the  Substance  of  16  Sermons 
preached  1704,  '05,  at  the  Lecture  founded  by  the  Hon. 
Robert  Boyle,  1705  and  1706,  2  vols.  8vo.  The  first  eight  ! 
sermons  are  devoted  to  A  Demonstration  of  the  Being  and 
Attributes  of  God. 

Very  different  opinions  have  been  entertained  of  this 
celebrated  demonstration.  The  satirical  commentary  of 
Pope  has  but  little  weight,  for  the  theological  opinions  of 
the  author  of  the  Dunciad  have  never  been  considered 
especially  valuable.  Dr.  Thomas  Brown  has  a  better 
claim  to  be  heard,  and  he  considers  the  speculations  of 
Clarke  and  others  of  a  like  character,  as 

"  Relics  of  the  mere  verbal  logic  of  the  schools,  as  little  capable 
of  producing  conviction  as  any  of  the  wildest  and  most  absurd 
of  the  technical  scholastic  reasonings  on  the  properties,  or  supposed 
properties,  of  entity  and  non-entity." 

Dugald  Stewart  acknowledges  that  "argument  a  priori 
has  been  enforced  with  singular  ingenuity  by  Dr.  Clarke," 
yet  he  confesses  that  it  "  does  not  carry  complete  convic 
tion  to  my  mind." 

Bishop  Hoadly,  the  stout  apologist  for  Clarke,  declares 
that  his  demonstration 

"  Is  one  regular  building,  erected  upon  an  unmovable  founda 
tion,  and  rising  up  from  one  stage  to  another,  with  equal  strength 
and  dignity." 

Whiston  tells  us  that  he  was  in  his  garden  when  Clarke 
brought  him  this  famous  volume  : 

"  Now  I  perceived  that  in  these  Sermons  he  had  dealt  a  great 
deal  in  abstract  and  metaphysical  reasonings.  I  therefore  asked 
him  how  he  ventured  into  such  subtilties,  which  I  never  durst 
meddle  with  ?  And  shewing  him  a  nettle,  or  the  like  contemptible 
weed,  in  my  garden,  I  told  him,  that  weed  contained  better  argu 
ments  for  the  Being  and  Attributes  of  God,  than  all  his  metaphy- 
sicks.  He  confessed  it  to  be  so;  but  alleged  for  himself,  that, 
since  such  philosophers  as  Hobbes  and  Spinoza  had  made  use  of 
those  kind  of  subtilties  against,  he  thought  proper  to  shew,  that 
the  like  way  of  reasoning  mijjht  be  better  made  use  on  the  side  of, 
religion.  Which  reason,  or  excuse,  I  allowed  not  to  be  inconsider 
able."—!^.  Mem. :  see  Biog.  Brit. 

We  think  that  Clarke's  "  reason  or  excuse"  should  have 
been  most  satisfactory. 

A  great  philosopher  remarks,  with  much  modesty,  of  such 
"  metaphysicks,"  as  Whiston  styles  them, 

"These  are  the  speculations  of  men  of  superior  genius;  but 
whether  they  be  as  solid  as  they  are  sublime,  or  whether  they  be 
the  wanderings  of  imagination  in  a  region  beyond  the  limits  of 
human  understanding,  I  am  unable  to  determine."— DR.  REID. 

The  topic  was  not  a  new  one,  nor  the  arguments  ad 
duced  altogether  original,  even  in  the  English  school  of 
philosophy.  Ralph  Cudworth,  Henry  More,  and  John 
Howe,  (especially  see  The  Living  Temple,)  had  all  pre 
viously  been  "  sailing  on  this  sea  of  speculation  " 

Trans,  of  Sir  Isaac  Newton's  Optics  into  Latin,  1706 
Caesar's  Commentaries,  1712,  fol. 

"  "  *s  n,°.wonde.r  /hat  an  edition  should  be  very  correct  which 
has  passed  through  the  hands  of  one  of  the  most  accurate,  learned, 
and  judicious  writers  this  age  has  produced."— ADDISON  •  Specta 
tor.  No.  367. 

The  Scripture  Doctrine  of  the  Trinity,  Lon.,  1712,  8vo. 
This  work  led  to  a  protracted  controversy,  in  which  Dr 
Waterland,  Mr.  Nelson,  Edwards,  Wells,  Gastrell,  Whitby, 
Jackson,  and  others  took  part.  For  a  list  of  the  publica 


tions  of  Dr.  Clarke  and  his  opponents  on  this  subject,  see 
Watt's  Bibl.  Bib.  and  the  Biog.  Brit. ;  also  Walchii  Bibl. 
Theol.  964-6;  and  T.  H.  Home's  Cat.,  2  Col.  Library, Camb., 
vol.  i. 

"  The  sentiments  of  Clarke  upon  this  point  were  undoubtedly 
Arian ;  but  it  was  an  Arianism  which  approached  as  closely  as  pos 
sible  to  the  doctrine  of  the  Trinity.  He  regarded  the  Son  and  Holy 
Spirit  as  emanations  from  the  Father,  endowed  by  him  with  every 
attribute  of  Deity,  self-existence  alone  excepted." — Cunningham's 
Biog.  Hist,  of  England. 

"Jones  and  Waterland  will  furnish  a  sufficient  reply  to  Clarke." 
— BICKERSTETH  :  Christian  Student. 

"  The  writings  of  Dr.  Clarke  on  the  Trinity  contain  a  great  deal 
of  discussion  respecting  the  meaning  of  Scripture,  and  occasioned 
a  very  extended  controversy  in  England.  He  seems  to  have  been 
led  to  the  sentiments  adopted  and  defended,  by  his  metaphysical 
tone  of  mind,  and  by  pursuing  improperly  the  language  of  human 
creeds  respecting  the  generation  of  the  Son  of  God.  The  contro 
versy  tended  greatly  to  spread  Arianism  over  the  country." — ORME  : 
Bibl.  Bib. 

Clarke  was  now  called  upon  to  defend  the  Newtonian 
philosophy  against  Leibnitz,  who  had  represented  it  to  the 
Princess  of  Wales,  afterwards  Queen  Consort  of  George  II., 
as  false  in  philosophy,  and  dangerous  in  theology.  At  the 
request  of  the  princess,  Sir  Isaac  Newton  took  up  the  ma 
thematical  line  of  defence,  leaving  the  philosophical  branch 
to  Dr.  Clarke.  The  latter  pub.  the  Collection  of  Papers 
which  passed  between  him  and  Leibnitz,  relating  to  the 
Principles  of  Natural  Philosophy  and  Religion,  in  1717. 
Discourse  on  some  0.  T.  Prophecies,  1725,  8vo.  His  dis 
cussion  with  Leibnitz  respecting  Philosophical  Liberty  and 
Necessity  was  succeeded  on  the  death  of  Leibnitz  by  a 
similar  controversy  with  Anthony  Collins.  Clarke  pub.  in 
1717  his  Remarks  on  Collins's  Enquiry  concerning  Human 
Liberty.  This  work  and  his  discussion  with  Leibnitz  were 
pub.  in  French  by  Des  Maizeaux  in  1720.  Seventeen  Ser 
mons,  1724.  Trans,  of  the  first  Twelve  Books  of  Homer's 
Iliad,  1729,  4to.  Twelve  last  Books,  (partly  trans,  by  Dr. 
Samuel  Clarke,)  pub.  by  his  son,  Samuel  Clarke,  1732,  4to. 
The  Latin  version  is  almost  entirely  new,  and  annotations 
are  added  at  the  bottom  of  the  pages. 

"  The  translation,  with  his  corrections,  may  now  be  styled  accu 
rate  ;  and  his  notes,  as  far  as  they  go,  are  indeed  a  treasury  of 
grammatical  and  critical  knowledge." — BISHOP  HOADLY. 

Exposition  of  the  Church  Catechism,  Lon.,  1729,  8vo; 
1730,  8vo,  and  in  his  Works,  vol.  iii.  This  Exposition  occa 
sioned  a  controversy,  in  which  Drs.  Waterland  and  Sykes 
and  Thos.  Emlyn  were  concerned.  Sermons  from  the  au 
thor's  MSS.,  by  Jno.  Clarke,  D.D.,  Dean  of  Sarum,  1730, 
'31,  10  vols.  8vo.  Eighteen  Sermons,  1734,  8vo.  Works, 
with  his  Life,  by  Bishop  Hoadly,  1738,  4  vols.  fol.  Homeri 
Odyssea;  Greece  et  Latine,  4th  ed.,  Glasg.,  1799,  2  vols. 
Letter  to  Dr.  Hoadly.  Mathematical  Con.  to  Phil.  Trans., 
1728. 

"Dr.  Clarke  was  as  bright  a  light  and  masterly  a  teacher  of  truth 
and  virtue  as  ever  yet  appeared  among  us.  ...  His  sentiments  and 
expressions  were  so  masterly,  his  way  of  explaining  the  phraseology 
of  Scripture  by  collecting  and  comparing  together  the  parallel 
places,  so  extraordinary  and  convincing,  as  to  make  his  method  of 
preaching  so  universally  acceptable,  that  there  was  not  a  parish 
ioner  who  was  not  always  pleased  at  his  coming  into  their  Pulpit, 
or  who  was  ever  weary  of  his  instruction.  His  works  must  last  as 
long  as  any  language  remains  to  convey  them  to  future  times." — 
BISHOP  HOADLY. 

"  He  rarely  reaches  the  sublime,  or  aims  at  the  pathetic;  but  in 
a  clear,  manly,  flowing  style,  he  delivers  the  most  important  doc 
trines,  confirmed  on  every  occasion  by  well-applied  passages  from 
Scripture.  He  was  not  perfectly  orthodox  in  his  opinions ;  a  cir 
cumstance  which  has  lowered  his  character  among  many." — DR. 
KNOX. 

"  Eminently  and  justly  celebrated." — DR.  PARR. 

"  If  a  preacher's  disposition  incline  him  to  the  illustration  of  the 
sacred  text,  which,  in  strict  truth,  is  performing  what  by  his  office 
he  has  engaged  himself  to  undertake,  that  is  to  say,  to  preach  the 
word  of  God,  the  best  models  I  can  think  of  are  the  Sermons  of  Dr. 
Samuel  Clarke  of  St.  James's,  who  is  always  plain,  clear,  accurate, 
and  full." — BISHOP  WARBURTON. 

"I  should  recommend  Dr.  Clarke's  Sermons,  were  he  orthodox; 
however,  it  is  very  well  known  where  he  was  not  orthodox,  which 
was  upon  the  doctrine  of  the  Trinity,  as  to  which  he  is  a  condemned 
heretic ;  so  one  is  aware  of  it." — DR.  JOHNSON. 

We  quote  from  a  very  eminent  authority  the  following 
admirable  sketch  of  Dr.  Clarke  considered  as  a  philosopher : 

"  The  chief  glory  of  Clarke,  as  a  metaphysical  author,  is  due  to 
the  boldness  and  ability  with  which  he  placed  himself  in  the  breach 
againt  the  Necessitarians  and  Fatalists  of  his  times.  With  a  mind 
far  inferior  to  that'  of  Locke,  in  comprehensiveness,  in  originality, 
and  in  fertility  of  invention,  he  was  nevertheless  the  more  wary 
and  skilful  disputant  of  the  two;  possessing,  in  a  singular  degree, 
that  reach  of  thought  in  grasping  remote  consequences,  which 
effectually  saved  him  from  those  rash  concessions  into  which  Locke 
was  frequently  betrayed  by  the  greater  warmth  of  his  temperament 
and  vivacity  of  his  fancy.  This  logical  foresight  (the  natural  result 
of  his  habits  of  mathematical  study)  rendered  him  peculiarly  fit  to 
contend  with  adversaries  eager  and  qualified  to  take  advantage  ot 
every  vulnerable  point  in  his  doctrine;  but  it  gave,  at  the  samo 
time,  to  his  style  a  tameness  and  monotony,  and  want  of  colouring, 
which  never  appear  in  the  easy  and  spirited,  though  often  unfinished 


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and  unequal,  sketches  of  Locke.  Voltaire  has  somewhere  said  of  him, 
that  he  was  a  mere  reasoning  machine,  (un  moulin  a,  raisonnement,) 
and  the  expression  (though  doubtless  much  too  unqualified)  pos 
sesses  merit,  in  point  of  just  discrimination,  of  which  Voltaire  was 
probably  not  fully  aware."— DUGALD  STEWART  :  1st  Prelim.  Dissert. 

to  See  Li YW  of  Clarke  by  Whiston  and  Hoadly;  Whitaker's 
Origin  of  Arianism;  Warburton's  Letters;  Biog.  Brit.; 
Nichols's  Bowyer;  Tytler's  Memoirs  of  Lord  Kames. 

Clarke,  Samuel,  D.D.,  grandson  of  the  preceding, 
pastor  to  a  congregation  of  Dissenters  at  St.  Alban's. 
Christian's  Inheritance,  being  a  Collection  of  the  Promises 
of  Scripture  under  their  Proper  Heads,  &c.,  Lon.,  1790, 
12mo ;  new  edit.,  with  an  Essay,  by  Ralph  Wardlaw,  D.D., 
12mo,  Lon.,  1850. 

"  In  this  edition  every  passage  of  Scripture  has  been  compared 
and  verified.  The  volume  is  like  an  arranged  museum  of  gems, 
and  precious  stones,  and  pearls  of  inestimable  value.  The  divine 
promises  comprehend  a  rich  and  endless  variety."— DR.  WARDLAW. 
"The  promises  [Clarke's  Collection]  are  for  the  most  part  well 
arran"ed,  and  this  book  has  been  found  food  for  many.  But  it  has 
one  serious  fault:  they  are  Scripture  promises,  but  not  in  the 
Scripture  mode  and  connection.  They  are  often  dissevered  from 
the  Christian  tempers  and  duties  with  which  they  are  associated  in 
the  Scripture,  and  in  which  alone  an  interest  in  them  is  maintained 
and  enjoyed." — BICKERSTETH:  Christian  Student. 

Clarke,  or  Clark,  Samuel.  The  Life  and  Death  of 
Nebuchadnezzer  the  Great,  1664;  and  in  the  Somers  Col 
lection,  vol.  vii.  Protestant  Schoolmaster,  1680,  12mo. 

Clarke,  Sir  Samuel.   Fleta  Book;  the  first;  contain 
ing  the  Ancient  Pleas  of  the  Crown,  with  corrections  and 
illustrations ;  Latin,  Lon.,  1735,  fol.     See  SELDEN,  JOHN. 
Clarke,  Sara  Jane.     See  LIPPINCOTT. 
Clarke,  Stephen.     Serms.,  1727,  '30,  8vo. 
Clarke,  Stephen.  Coal  Merchant.  The  Poison  Tree; 
a  Dram.,  1809,  8vo.     Torrid  Zone;  a  Dram.,  1809,  8vo. 
The  Kiss;  a  Com.,  1811,  8vo. 

Clarke,  Thomas,  Priest  of  the  College  of  Rheims. 

Recantation  of  Popery,  1593,  8vo.     Life  of  P.  Kempe,  8vo. 

Clarke,  Thomas.     Meditations  in  my  Confinement, 

Lon.,  1661,  4to. 

Clarke,  Thomas  B.     Political  treatises,  1784-1812. 
Clarke,  William.     Serms.,  Lon.,  1656,  4to. 
Clarke,  William.     Nitre,  Lon.,  1670,  8vo;  in  Latin, 
Francf.,  1675,  8vo. 

"  He  describes  it  as  an  emetic,  purgative,  refrigerant,  and  febri 
fuge."— DR.  WATT. 

Clarke,  William.     Party  Revenge,  1720,  8vo. 

Clarke,  William,  1696-1771,  Fellow  of  St.  John's 

College,  Cambridge,  Rector  of  Buxted,  1724.      Oration, 

1768,  8vo.     Connexion  of  the  Roman,  Saxon,  and  English 

Coins,  Lon.,  1767,  4to. 

"There  is  in  this  work  (pp.  54-65)  a  very  good  account  of  the 
ancient  trade  of  the  Black  Sea,:'—McCulloch's  Lit.  of  Polit.  Economy 
Clarke,  William,  M.D.  Prof,  treatises,  1751,  '53,  '57. 
Clarke,  William,  M.D.    1.  Observations  on  the  Con 
duct  of  the  French.     2.  Letters  on  the  French  Revolution 
1755,  '95. 

Clarke,  William.  Repertorium  Bibliographicum,  or 
some  Account  of  the  most  celebrated  British  Libraries 
Public  and  Private,  1819,  Svo.  Let  the  reader  secure  this 
book  on  the  first  opportunity. 

"  A  most  valuable  and  interesting  book,  and  more  especially  so 
to  the  lovers  of  Bibliomania;  containing  much  valuable  matter 
relating  to  celebrated  libraries,  with  an  account  of  their  collectors.' 
Clarke,  William,  Architect.  Extracts  from  the  MS 
Journals  and  the  Drawings  of  this  gentleman  will  be  founc 
in  that  useful  compilation  from  Mazois,  Sir  Wm.  Gell,  &c. 
entitled  Pompeii ;  its  Past  and  Present  State. 

"  Those  who  have  visited  Pompeii  invariably  admit  the  grea 
accuracy  of  these  little  volumes." 

Clarke,  William.     See  LEWIS,  MERRIWETHER. 
Clarke,  William  A.     Abridgt.  of  .Life  of  Rev.  T 
Hogg,  Lon.,  1799,  12mo. 
Clarkson,  Charles.     Serms.,  Lon.,  1773. 
Clarkson,  Christopher.     Serms.,  1733,  '37,  4to. 
Clarkson,David,1622-1686,  a  learned  Nonconformis 
divine.  Fellow  of  Clare  Hall,  Cambridge,  succeeded  Dr 
Owen,' 1683.     Primitive  Episcopacy,  Lon.,  1680,  Svo.     N 
Evidence  of  Diocesan   Episcopacy  in   Primitive   Times 
1681,  4to,  in  answer  to  Stillingfleet.     Discourse  of  Litur 
gies,  1689,  Svo.      Serms.  and  Discourses,  1696,  fol.     H 
wrote  several  treatises  against  Romanism. 

"  Tillotson,  notwithstanding  Clarkson's  nonconformity,  alway 
preserved  a  very  high  respect  for  him." 

"  A  Divine  of  extraordinary  worth,  for  solid  judgment,  healing 
moderate  principles,  acquaintance  with  the  Fathers,  great  mini 
terial  ability,  and  a  godly,  upright  life." — BAXTER. 

"The  matter  of  his  Sermons  was  always  judiciously  derive 
from  his  text,  and  remarkable  for  depth  and  clearness."— DR.  W 
BATES. 

John  Howe  and  Matt.  Mead  also  recommend  his  sermons 
"  Evangelical  and  comprehensive." — BICKERSTETH. 


CLA 

Some  of  them  have  been  printed  by  the  London  Reli- 
ious  Tract  Society.  His  attack  upon  Diocesan  Episco- 
acy  was  answered  by  Henry  Maurice,  in  A  Defence  of 
Kocesan  Episcopacy,  Lon.,  1691,  8vo,  and  1700,  8vo. 

Clarkson,  D.  A.  Designs  for  Tombs,  Monuments, 
;c.,  Lon.,  imp.  4to. 

Clarkson,  Lawrence.  Truth  released  from  Prison 
o  its  former  Liberty. 

Clarkson,  Thomas,  1760-1846,  the  distinguished 
,dvocate  of  the  abolition  of  slavery,  was  educated  at  St. 
' ohn's  College,  Cambridge,  and  took  Deacon's  orders.  He 
>ub.  several  Essays  against  the  Slave  Trade,  1783,  '87,  '89, 
91,  1807,-  a  History,  <fcc.  of  the  Abolition  of  the  Slave 
Crade  in  1808,  2  vols.  8vo,  and  1839,  and  a  Vindication 
)f  this  work.  A  Portraiture  of  Quakerism,  1806  and  1809, 
J  vols.  8vo  j  3d  ed.,  1813,  3  vols.  8vo.  Of  the  1st  ed.  2500 
jopies  were  sold  without  advertisement.  It  was  reviewed 
ay  Lord  Jeffrey,  Edin.  Rev.,  April,  1807.  Memoirs  of  the 
Private  and  Public  Life  of  Wm.  Penn,  1813,  2  vols.  8vo. 

"  Mr.  Clarkson  seems  to  have  spared  no  pains  or  labour  in  in- 

brming  himself  of  every  circumstance  relative  to  Penn,  whether 

:ontained  in  well-known  or  obscure  works." — Lon.  Eclectic  Ifevinv. 

Lord  Jeffrey  also  reviews  this  work  in  the  Edin.  Review 

for  July,  1813. 

"  It  should  be  sufficient  for  the  glory  of  William  Penn,  that  he 
stands  upon  record  as  the  most  humane,  the  most  moderate,  and 
;he  most  pacific  of  all  rulers." — LORD  JEFFREY. 

See  T.  Taylor's  Biog.  Sketch  of  Thomas  Clarkson,  Lon., 
12mo;  2d  ed.,  by  Dr.  Stebbing,  1847. 

"  Mr.  Taylor  has  performed  his  undertaking  with  the  zeal  of  an 
affectionate  admirer,  and  with  taste,  judgment,  and  accuracy." — 
London  Christian  Advocate.  See  DIXON,  WILLIAM  HEPWORTH. 

Clarkson,  William.  Cause  of  the  Increase  of  Pau 
perism  and  Poor's  Rates,  with  a  remedy  for  the  same, 
Lon.,  1815,  8vo. 

Clarkson,  William.  Missionary  Encouragements 
in  India,  Lon.,  18mo.  "A  volume  of  thrilling  interest." 
India  and  the  Gospel,  or  an  Empire  for  the  Messiah  ;  with 
introduc.  by  Rev.  T.  Archer,  D.D. 

"  The  book  should  be  circulated  by  tens  of  thousands." — Lon. 
Evangelical  Magazine. 

Claromont.     See  CLARAMONT. 

Clason,  Isaac  Starr,  1796-1830,  a  native  of  New 
York,  wrote  "the  17th  and  18th  cantos  of  Don  Juan," — a 
continuation  of  Lord  Byron's  poem. 

Clater,  Francis.  Every  Man  his  own  Farrier,  Newk., 
1783,  8vo  -,  28th  ed.  Lon.,  1843, 12mo.  By  John  Clater  and 
W.  C.  Spooner,  with  addits.  by  J.  S.  Skinner,  (Amer.  ed.) 
Every  Man  his  own  Cattle  Doctor,  Lon.,  1810,  Svo;  9th 
ed.,  Lon.,  1842,  12mo ;  revised  by  Wm.  Youatt  and  W.  C. 
Spooner,  with  addits.  by  J.  S.  Skinner,  (American  ed.) 

"  Clater  and  Youatt  are  names  treasured  by  the  farming  com 
munities  of  Europe  as  household  gods ;  nor  does  that  of  Skinner 
deserve  to  be  less  esteemed  in  America." — American  Farmer. 

Mr.  Edward  Mayhew  has  recently  edited  a  29th  ed.  of  the 
"Farrier,"  and  a  10th  ed.  of  the  "  Cattle  Doctor." 
Clavel,  Roger.    Tables  of  Discount,  1683,  fol. 
Clavell,  John,  a  highwayman  temp.  Charles  I.    Dis 
covery  of  the  Highway  Law;    with  instructions  how  to 
shun  or  apprehend  a  thief;  in  verse,  Lon.,  1628,  8vo.    Re 
cantation  of  an  ill-led  Life,  1634,  4to.     Bibl.  Anglo-Poet., 
109,  £3   8s.     This  gentleman-robber  was  a  nephew  of  Sir 
N.  Clavell. 

"  Clavell  here  [in  his  Recantation]  recites  his  own  adventures  on 
the  highway.  His  first  depredations  are  on  Gad's-hill." —  Warton's 
Hist.  Eng.  Poetry. 

Clavell,  Robert.  Dominion  of  the  British  Seas,  Lon., 
1665, 8vo.  General  Catalogue  of  Books  printed  in  England, 
1666-1680 ;  Lon.,  1680,  '81,  '82. 

Clavering,  Henry.  A  Select  Law  Library,  1817,  8vo. 
Clavering,  Robert,  d.  1747;    Bishop  of  Llandaff, 
1724;  trans,  to  Peterborough,  1728.     Moses  Maimonides, 
Ox.,  1705,  4to ;  Serms.,  1708,  '29,  '30,  '33. 
Clavering,  Robert.     Carpentry,  &c.,  1776,  '79,  8vq, 
Clavers,  Mary.     See  KIRKLAND,  CAROLINE  M. 
Claxton,  John.     Saxon  Arch;  Archasol.,1792. 
Claxton,  L.    The  Right  Devil  Discovered,  Lon.,  1659, 
12mo. 

Claxton,  Timothy.  Hints  to  Mechanics  on  Self- 
Education  and  Mutual  Instruction,  Lon.,  12mo. 

"  The  amusing  book  before  us  has  all  the  ease  and  simplicity  of 
De  Foe,  and  the  exemplary  utility  of  Franklin.  To  the  mechanic 
it  offers  at  once  an  example  and  a  pleasant  companion  in  the  pur 
suit  of  knowledge,  and  to  the  general  reader  it  affords  a  deep  in 
sight  into  those  labouring  classes  which  are  the  sinews  of  the 
nation."— Lon.  Civil  Engineer  and  Architect's  Journal,  Itb.  1839. 
Clay,  C.  C.  Laws  of  Alabama,  Tusca.,  1843,  8vo. 
Clay,  Cassius  M.,  b.  1810,  in  Madison  county,  Ken 
tucky,  editor  of  The  True  American  Newspaper,  devoted 
to  the  overthrow  of  slavery  in  Kentucky,  is  well  known  as 
one  of  the  most  zealous  opponents  of  negro  bondage.  His 


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writings  and  speeches  have  heen  pub.  in  New  York,  1848, 
Svo,  edited  by  Horace  Greeley. 

Clay,  Edward,  Jun.  Hist,  and  Topograph.  Descrip 
tion  of  Framlingham,  18mo;  pp.  144,  with  2  plates  of  the 
castle. 

Clay,  Francis.     News  from  England,  Lon.,  1642, 4to. 

Clay,  Henry,  one  of  the  most  distinguished  of  Ameri 
can  statesmen,  and  eloquent  of  modern  orators,  was  b.  April 
12,  1777,  in  Hanover  county,  Virginia;  d.  at  Washington, 
D.  C.,  June  29th,  1852.  Clay  Code,  or  Text  Book  of  Elo 
quence,  edited  by  Vandenhoff.  Life  and  Speeches,  edited 
by  D.  Mallory,  1844,  2  vols.  8vo.  Life  and  Speeches,  col 
lected  by  James  B.  Swain,  New  York,  1843,  2  vols.  8vo. 
Speeches,  collected  by  Richard  Chambers,  Cincinnati,  1842, 
8vo.  Biography,  by  George  D.  Prentice,  Hartford,  1831, 
12mo.  Biography,  by  Epes  Sargent,  New  York,  8vo.  Life 
and  Speeches,  by  Henry  J.  Raymond,  Phila.,  1853,  8vo. 
Life  and  Times,  by  Rev.  Calvin  Colton,  N.  Y.,  1846,  2  vols. 
r.  8vo.  Last  Seven  Years  of  the  Life  of  Henry  Clay,  by 
Calvin  Colton,  N.Y.,  1856,  8vo.  Private  Correspondence, 
ed.  by  C.  Colton,  N.Y.,  1855,  8vo.  Speeches,  ed.  by  C. 
Colton,  N.Y.,  1857,  2  vols.  8vo. 

"Mr.  Colton  visited  Henry  Clay  at  his  residence,  Ashland,  Ken 
tucky,  in  1844,  and  obtained  free  access  to  all  his  papers.  After 
the  death  of  that  distinguished  statesman,  those  papers  came  into 
Mr.  Colton's  possession,  from  which  the  above  works  were  compiled." 

Clay,  J.    Elegy,  1793,  4to. 

Clay,  John.     Public  Statutes,  Lon.,  1739,  2  vols.  fol. 

Clay,  John.     25  Serins.,  Lon.,  1827,  12mo. 

Clay,  John  Curtis,  Rector  of  Swedes'  Church,  Phila 
delphia.  Annals  of  the  Swedes  on  the  Delaware,  Ac., 
Phila.,  1835,  12mo. 

Clay,  Joseph,  1764-1811,  a  native  of  Savannah, 
Judge  of  the  District  Court  of  Georgia,  and  subsequently 
a  Baptist  minister  at  Savannah,  afterwards  at  Boston. 
Serm.,  1807. 

Clay,  R.  Lomax.     Pool  for  Essex,  1768,  8vo. 

Clay,  Samuel.     Med.  Treatise,  Ultraj.,  1690,  4to. 

Clay,  Thomas.     1.  Revenue.     2.  Interest,  1619,  '24. 

Clay,  W.  Keatinge.  Hist.  Sketches  of  the  Book  C. 
Prayer,  Lon.,  1849,  fcp.  8vo.  Prayer  Book  Version  of  the 
Psalms,  1839, 12mo.  Book  of  C.  Prayer,  illustrated,  1841, 
12mo.  Liturgical  Services  temp.  Elizabeth,  Camb.,  1847, 
8vo.  (Parker  Society.)  Private  Prayers  temp.  Elizabeth, 
Camb.,  1851,  8vo.  (Parker  Society.)  See  a  Review  in  the 
Lon.  Wesleyan  Method.  Mag.,  Feb.  1854. 

Clayton,  A.  S.  Laws  of  Georgia,  1800,  '10,  Augusta, 
1812,  4to. 

Clayton,  George.     Serms.,  1821,  &c. 

Clayton,  Gyles.     Martial  Discipline,  1591,  4to. 

Clayton,  John.  Topics  in  the  Laws  of  England,  Lon., 
1646,  12mo.  Reports  and  Pleas  of  Assizes  at  Yorke,  1651, 
12mo.  If  this  book  will  do  all  that  Mr.  Clayton  promises 
for  it,  we  should  suppose  that  our  friends  the  lawyers 
would  insist  on  its  immediate  republication  : 

"  You  may  see  here  how  to  avoid  a  dangerous  jury  to  your  client, 
what  evidence  best  to  use  for  him.  how  to  keep  the  judge  so  he 


overrule  you  not,  so  that  if  it  be  not  your  own  fault — as  too  often 

fear  of  favour — the  client  may  1 
if  he  be  plaintiff,  he  may  have  his  right,  and  if  defendant^ 


it  is  for  fear  of  favour — the  client  may  have  his  cause  so  handled, 


moderately  punished,  or  recompensed  for  his  vexation;  and  such 
Pleaders  the  people  need."  —  Preface. 

Clayton,  John.     Serms.,  1736,  8vo. 

Clayton,  John,  d.  1773,  aged  87,  an  eminent  bota 
nist  and  physician,  a  native  of  Fulham,  emigrated  to  Vir- 

finia  when  20  years  of  age.  Flora  Virginica,  Lugd.  Bat., 
762,  4to.  Con.  to  Phil.  Trans,  respecting  Virginia;  In 
dians,  Natural  History,  Ac.,  1693,  1739.  See  Barton's  Med. 
and  Phys.  Journal. 

Clayton,  John,  d.  1843.     Serms.,  Ac.,  1789-1805. 

Clayton,  John.  1.  Serm.  2.  On  the  Choice  of  Books, 
1809,  '11. 

Clayton,  John.     Serms.,  &c.,  1829-48. 

Clayton,  N.     Serms.,  1776,  8vo. 

Clayton,  Prudence.    Her  case,  fol. 

Clayton,  Sir  Richard.  Hist,  and  other  trans,  from 
the  French,  1793,  '97. 

Clayton,  Robert,  1695-1758,  a  native  of  Dublin,  was 
educated  at,  and  became  Fellow  of,  Trinity  College,  Dub- 

Sfl^EP,?'  5lllala'  17295  trans-  t°  Cork,  1735;  to 
Clogher,  1745.  Chronology  of  the  Hebrew  Bible  Vindi 
cated,  Lon.,  1747,  4to. 


Dissertation  on  Prophecy,  1749,  8vo.     Letter  relative  to 
the  Restoration  of  the  Jews,  <jbc.,  1751,  8vo  ;  a  second  Let 
tor,  1751,  8vo. 
394 


"Whether  the  bishop's  views  on  these  topics  shall  be  received 
or  rejected,  his  learning  and  ingenuity  must  be  admired." — ORME. 

Vindication  of  the  Histories  of  the  Old  and  New  Testa 
ments,  in  Answer  to  Lord  Bolingbroke's  Objections,  Dubl., 
part  i.,  1752,  8vo;  ii.,  1754,  8vo ;  iii.,  1757,  8vo.  The 
sophistry  and  ignorance  of  Bolingbroke  are  here  strongly 
displayed.  An  Essay  on  Spirit,  1751,  8vo.  This  Arian 
treatise  was  not  written  by  the  bishop,  but  was  adopted 
and  pub.  by  him.  It  elicited  replies  from  20  to  30  writers, 
and  the  Irish  Convocation  had  determined  to  proceed 
against  the  bishop,  when  he  was  seized  with  a  nervous 
fever,  which  terminated  his  life,  February  26,  1758.  But 
for  the  publication  of  this  Essay,  he  would  have  been 
raised  to  the  Archbishopric  of  Tuam.  He  pub.  several 
sermons  and  treatises,  and  trans,  from  a  MS.  A  Journal 
from  Grand  Cairo  to  Mount  Sinai,  and  back  again,  &c., 
1753,  4to. 

"  Published  with  a  view  of  exciting  antiquaries  to  make  some 
inquiry  into  those  ancient  characters  which  are  discovered  in 
great  numbers  in  the  wilderness  of  Sinai." 

Clayton,  Sir  Robert.    Truth  Vindicated,  1681, 4to. 

Clayton,  Thomas.     Sermons,  1713,  '27. 

Clayton,  Wm.     Rural  Discourses,  1814,  2  vols.  12mo. 

"Plain  and  practical,  and  admirably  suited  for  country  con 
gregations." 

Cleadon,  Thomas.     The  Sabbath,  Lon.,  1674,  4to. 

Clearidge,  John.     Shepherd's  Legacy,  1670,  Svo. 

Cleaveland,  Ezra.  Genealogical  History  of  the 
noble  and  illustrious  Family  of  Courtenay,  Oxon.,  1735,  fol. 

Cleaveland,  Cleavland,  Cleveland,  or  Clieve- 
land,  John,  1613-1659,  a  native  of  Loughborough,  Lei 
cestershire,  was  educated  at  Christ's  College,  and  St.  John's 
College,  Cambridge.  He  had  the  honour  of  being  the  first 
poetical  champion  of  the  royal  cause,  and  suffered  impri 
sonment  when  the  opposition  prevailed.  He  was  for  some 
time  a  tutor  at  St.  John's  College,  and  subsequently  lived 
in  chambers  at  Gray's  Inn,  where  he  died  in  1659. 

The  King's  Disguise,  1646,  4to.  A  London  Diurnal- 
maker,  <fec.,  1647,  '54,  4to.  The  Rustic  Rampant,  1658, 
Svo.  Poems,  Orations,  and  Epistles,  1660,  12mo.  Peti 
tion  to  the  Lord  Protector  for  the  Scots  Rebel ;  a  satirical 
Poem.  Works,  1687,  Svo.  See  notice  of  edits,  in  Lowndes's 
Bibl.  Manual,  Bibl.  Anglo-Poet.,  and  Retrosp.  Review,  xii. 
123.  Clieveland's  poetry  was  greatly  admired  by  his  con 
temporaries  :  the  nephew  of  Milton  remarks,  perhaps  with 
some  little  asperity, 

"In  fine,  so  great  a  man  Clieveland  has  been  in  the  estima 
tion  of  the  generality,  in  regard  his  conceits  were  out  of  the  com 
mon  road,  and  wittily  far-fetched,  that  grave  men,  in  outward  ap 
pearance,  have  not  spared,  in  my  hearing,  to  affirm  him  THE  BEST 
OF  ENGLISH  POETS;  and  let  them  think  so  still,  whoever  pleases, 
provided  it  be  made  no  article  of  iaith." — EDWARD  PHILLIPS. 

It  is  easy  to  see  who  did  not  think  so :  whether  Phillips 
had  any  family  pride  to  prejudice  him,  we  shall  not  decide. 

"  While  the  first  edition  and  sheets  of  Paradise  Lost  were  slowly 
struggling  through  the  mists  of  bigotry  and  party  prejudice  into 
public  reputation,  the  poems  of  Clieveland  were  poured  forth  in 
innumerable  impressions.  The  reverse  is  now  the  singular  con 
trast;  andClieveland  has  had  the  fete  of  those  poets,  described  in 
Johnson's  Life  of  Cowley,  who,  '  paying  their  court  to  temporary 
prejudices,  have  been  at  one  time  too  much  praised,  and  at  another 
too  much  neglected.'  "-Retrosp.  Review,  xii.  123 ;  read  this  article. 

"  A  general  artist,  pure  Latinist,  exquisite  orator,  and  (which 
was  his  master-piece)  eminent  poet.  His  epithets  were  pregnant 
with  metaphors,  carrying  in  them  a  difficult  plainness ;  difficult 
at  hearing,  plain  at  the  consideration  thereof.  His  lofty  fancy  may 
seem  to  stride  from  the  top  of  one  mountain  to  the  top  of  another, 
so  making  to  itself  a  constant  level  and  champaign  of  continued 
elevations."— -FULLER  :  Worthies  of  Leicestershire. 

Cleaveland,  or  Cleveland,  John,  1772-1815,  a 
minister  of  Ipswich,  Massachusetts.  Serms.,  <fcc.,  1763-84. 

Cleaveland,  Parker,  b.  1780,  at  Byfield,  Essex  co., 
Mass.;  Prof,  in  Bowdoin  College.  Mineralogy  and  Geo 
logy,  Boston,  1816,  Svo;  1822,  2  vols.  Svo. 

"  The  Elementary  Treatise  of  Mr.  Cleaveland  is  a  work  of  con 
siderable  merit." — Edin.  Review,  xxx.  374. 

Cleaver,  John.     Sermon,  1676,  4to. 

Cleaver,  Robert,  d.  1613,  a  Puritan  divine.  Serms., 
1613,  '14.  The  Sabbath,  1630.  In  conjunction  with  John 
Dod,  Exposition  of  the  Ten  Commandments,  1606,  4to. 
In  conjunction  with  John  Dod  and  William  Flinde,  Ex 
position  of  the  Book  of  Proverbs,  1606,  4to. 

Cleaver,  William.     Sermons,  1739-62,  Svo. 

Cleaver,  William,  D.D.,  1742-1815,  educated  at  the 
University  of  Oxford;  Prebendary  of  Westminster,  1784; 
Principal  of  Brasenose,  1785;  Bishop  of  Chester,  1787; 
trans,  to  Bangor,  1800 ;  to  St.  Asaph,  1806.  De  Rhythmo 
Greecorum  Liber,  Lon.,  1789,  Svo. 

"An  excellent  little  work." 

Serms.,  1773,  '91,  '94.  Collec.  of  his  own  and  his  father's 
serms.,  1808,  Svo.  Serms.  on  select  Subjects,  Svo.  A  List 
of  Books  recommended  to  the  Clergy  and  younger  Stu- 


OLE 

dents  in  Divinity,  Oxf.,  1791,  8vo  ;  3d  ed.  enlarged,  with 
Dodwell's  Catalogue  of  the  Christian  Writers  and  genuine 
Works  of  the  first  three  Centuries,  1808,  8vo. 

A  very  useful  catalogue  for  all  students. 

Cleaver,  Wm.     Serms.,  Dubl.,  1843;  Lon.,  1847,  8vo. 

Cleaver,  William.    See  CLEVER. 

Cleeve,Alex.  Serm.,1773.  Devotional  Exercises,  1801. 

Cleeve,  J.  K.     Sermon,  1812,  8vo. 

Clegat,  Nic.  Persuasive  to  an  ingenious  Tryal  of 
Opinions  in  Religion,  Lon.,  1685,  4to. 

Clegate.  Travails  from  Terra  Incognita  through  the 
Wilderness  of  Sinne,  Lon.,  1650,  12mo. 

Clegg,  James.     Sermons,  1731,  '36,  '38. 

Clegg,  James.    Dyeing  Black,  Phil.  Trans.,  1774. 

Clegg,  John.  Elements  of  Geography,Liverp.,1795,4to. 

Cleghorn,  David.     Con.  to  Med.  Tracts,  1792. 

Cleghorn,  George,  M.D.,  1716-1787,  a  native  of 
Edinburgh,  resided  13  years  at  Minorca  with  the  22d  re 
giment,  of  which  he  was  surgeon.  Diseases  of  Minorca, 
Lon.,  1751,  8vo. 

"A  just  model  for  future  writers."—  DR.  FOTHERGILL. 

Index  of  an  Annual  Course  of  Lectures,  Dubl.,  1767, 
8vo.  Con.  to  Med.  Obs.  and  Inq.,  1766. 

Cleghorn,  George.  Ancient  and  Modern  Art,  His 
torical  and  Critical,  Edin.  &  Lon.,  2  vols.  12mo  ;  2d  ed.,1848. 

"  We  have  the  pleasure  of  recommending  it  to  a  place  in  every 
public  library,  and  on  the  table  of  every  man  who  values  art,  re 
finement,  elegance,  and  taste."  —  Lon.  Morning  Post. 

Cleghorn,  J  ames.  Med.  Con.  to  Trans.  Irish  Acad., 
1787. 

Cleghorn,  James.  The  depressed  State  of  Agricul 
ture,  Edin.,  1822,  8vo.  A  System  of  Agriculture,  with  13 
plates,  Edin.,  4to.  From  7th  ed.  Encycl.  Brit. 

•'  The  best  account  of  the  Agriculture  of  the  Scotch  Counties  is 
to  be  found  in  Black's  Edition  of  the  Encyclopaedia  Britannica."  — 
London's  Agriculture,  p.  1178. 

"  The  initiation  shows  much  discernment  ;  and  the  subsequent 
arrangement  of  the  materials  is  judiciously  made,  and  each  article 
has  given  to  it  a  proper  description  both  in  the  nature  and  extent." 
—  Donaldson's  Agricult.  Biog. 

"  The  animals  are  sketched  with  an  ease,  spirit,  and  precision, 
approximating  to  the  fidelity  of  nature."—  Durham  Chronicle. 

Cleghorn,  Thos.    The  Hydra  Aeronaut,  1810,  12mo. 

Cleig,  George.    Fast  Sermon,  1795,  8vo. 

Cleiveland,  John.     See  CLEAVELAND. 

Cleland,  Archibald,  Surgeon.  Appeal  to  the  Pub 
lic,  Lon.,  1743,  8vo.  Profess,  con.  to  Phil.  Trans.,  1741. 

Cleland,  Benjamin.     Sermon,  1667,  8vo. 

Cleland,  Charles.  Laws  rel.  to  Imp.  and  Exp.  of 
Wine,  Lon.,  1737,  4to. 

Cleland,  Elizabeth.    Cookery,  Edin.,  1759,  8vo. 

Cleland,  Henry.    Life  of  William  Pitt,  1807,  12mo. 

Cleland,  James.  The  Institution  of  a  Young  No- 
bleman,  Oxf.,  1607,  4to.  Serm.,  1624,  '26,  4to. 

Cleland,  James.  Annals  of  Glasgow,  1816,  2  vols. 
8vo.  The  Green  of  Glasgow,  1813,  8vo. 

Cleland,  John,  d.  1789,  in  his  80th  year,  the  son  of 
Colonel  Cleland,  i.  e.  WILL  HONEYCOMB,  of  the  Specta 
tor's  Club.  Besides  several  works  which  did  him  no  credit, 
he  pub.  The  Way  to  Things  by  Words,  and  to  Words  by 
Things,  1766,  Svo.  Specimens  of  an  Etymological  Voca 
bulary,  or  Essay  by  Means  of  the  Analytical  Method  to 
retrieve  the  ancient  Celtic,  1768;  Proposals  relative  to 
the  above  ;  Dramatic  pieces,  Ac. 

Cleland,  Thomas.     Sermon,  1660,  4to. 

Cleland,  Lt.  Col.  Wm.,  a  Scotch  poet  in  Lord 
Angus's  regiment.  Disp.  Jurid.  de  Probationibus,  Traj.  ad 
Rh.,  1684,  4to.  A  Collection  of  several  Poems  and  Verses 
composed  upon  various  Occasions,  1697,  Svo. 

Clemence.     The  French  Language,  Lon.,  1797,  Svo. 

Clemence,  M.  The  true  Lover  of  his  Country  •  or 
a  Treatise  on  Sovereignty,  1801,  12mo. 

Clemens,  Hon.  Jeremiah,  at  one  time  U.S. 
Senator  from  Alabama.  Bernard  Lile  ;  an  Historical  Ro 
mance,  Phila.,  1856,  12mo.  Mustang  Grey  ;  a  Romance 
1858,  12mo. 

Clement  of  Lathony,  nourished  about  1180,  Sub- 
pnor  and  Prior  of  Lathony.  Series  Collecta,  or  a  Harmony 
of  the  Gospels,  and  a  patristic  Commentary  thereon,  entitled 
Collectarium.  Of  this  work  an  English  version  was  made 
it  is  supposed,  by  a  follower  of  Wycliffe,  and  several  MSS 
of  it  may  be  seen  in  the  British  Museum.  The  conclusion 
of  the  original  has  been  attributed  to  William  of  Notting- 
ham-  Clement  also  wrote  a  Commentary  on  the  Acts  and 


Clement.    A  Dyalogue,  Ac.,  1530? 


OLE 

Clement.  Discourse  of  Money,  Trade,  and  Exchange, 
1595,  4to. 

Clement,  A.  Mystery  Unmasked,  1769,  Svo;  ad 
dressed  to  "people  of  any  Religion,  and  those  of  none." 

Clement,  Benjamin.     Serms.,  1774,  2  vols.  Svo. 

Clement,  Margaret,  1508-1570,  a  niece  of  Sir  Tho 
mas  More,  corresponded  with  Erasmus,  who  applauds  her 
epistles  for  good  sense  and  good  Latin — not  a  necessary 
conjunction.  When  she  married  her  tutor,  Dr.  John  Cle 
ment,  the  great  Leland  indulged  in  an  Epithalamium  :  Jo. 
dementis  Medici  A  Margaret*.  Vide  Encom.  Troph. 
Epithalamiis,  Ac.,  p.  38 ;  or  Ballard's  British  Ladies. 

Clement,  Thomas.  Nat.  Philosophy,Lon.,1790,8vo. 

Clement,  William,  d.  1799,  aged  88.  Curate  of 
St.  Mary-at-hill,  London,  and  Librarian  of  Sion  College. 
Eight  Serms.  at  Lady  Moyer's  Lecture,1757,Lon.,1797,8vo. 

"The  subject  of  these  discourses  is  the  Trinity,  and  the  author 
has  conducted  the  argument  with  much  judgment." — LOWNDES. 

Clenche,  John.    Tour  in  France  and  Italy,  1776, 4to. 

Clendou,  John.     Treatise  on  the  Trinity,  1710,  Svo. 

Clendon,  Thos.  Justification,  Serm.,  Lon.,  1653,  4to. 

Clennil,  John.     Manufactures,  Newc.,  1807,  Svo. 

Cleobury,  Miss.     Practical  Geography,  1816,  4to. 

Cleombrotus.     England's  Warning  Piece,  1661,  4to. 

Clephane,  M.D.     Con.  to  Med.  Obs.  A  Inq.,  1755. 

Clephane,  A.  Decisions  C.  of  Sessions,  1812/13, 1815. 

Clerk.     Modern  Precedents,  1655,  12mo. 

Clerk,  Charles.  On  Swedish  Spiders;  included  (with 
E.  Albin's  work  on  English  Spiders)  in  Thomas  Martyn'a 
Aranei,  Lon.,  1793,  r.  4to. 

Clerk,  David,  M.D.     Con.  to  Ess.  Phys.  A  Lit,,  1771. 

Clerk,  Sir  George  Maxwell,  1715-1784.  Two  Let 
ters  respecting  Wool,  Ac.,  1756.  Con.  to  Ess.  Phys.  A  Lit., 
1756,  '71.  Shallow  ploughing,  Ac. 

Clerk,  John.     Serm.,  Camb.,  1656,  Svo. 

Clerk,  John,  d.  1812.  Essay  on  Naval  Tactics,  Lon., 
1790-98,  4to;  new  ed.,  Edin.,  1804,  4to. 

"  To  the  system  of  manoeuvres  laid  down  and  explained  in  this 
work,  the  British  nation  are  indebted  for  those  splendid  and  deci 
sive  victories  which  their  fleets  have  gained  since  the  latter  end 
of  the  American  war.  Lord  Rodney  first  adopted  and  followed 
the  mode  of  attack  recommended  by  Mr.  Clerk;  and  the  success 
which  attended  this  new  mode  has  since  recommended  it  to  our 
most  celebrated  admirals."— Edin.  Review. 

But  General  Sir  Howard  Douglass  professes  to  prove  that 
Lord  Rodney  could  not  possibly  have  been  informed  of 
Mr.  Clerk's  theory  at  the  time  of  the  battle,  (against  the 
French  under  De  Grasse  in  the  West  Indies;)  and  it  has 
been  asserted  that  Clerk's  Essay  is  principally  taken  from 
P.  Paul  Hoste's  L'Art  des  Armes  Navales.  William  Clerk 
is  thus  honourably  mentioned  by  Sir  Walter  Scott : 

"  William  Clerk  is  the  second  son  of  the  celebrated  author  of 
Naval  Tactics.  I  have  known  him  intimately  since  our  college 
days ;  and  to  my  thinking,  never  met  a  man  of  greater  powers  or 
more  complete  information  on  all  desirable  subjects." — Scott's  Jour 
nal,  Nov.  20,  1825. 

Clerk,  John.    Views  in  Scotland,  Ac.,  Edin.,1825,4to. 

Clerk,  Sir  John.  Con.  to  Phil.  Trans.  The  Stylus 
and  Paper  of  the  Ancients,  1731.  Effects  of  Thunder  on 
Trees;  of  a  large  Deer's  Horns  found  in  the  heart  of  an 
Oak,  1739. 

Clerk,  Sir  John,  and  Mr.  Baron  Scroope.  Hist. 
View  of  the  Court  of  Exchequer  in  Scotland,Edin.,1820,4to. 

Clerk,  T.  or  W.  Works  of  Hogarth,  Lon.,  1810,  2 
vols.  r.  Svo. 

Clerk, William,  Surgeon.  Profession,  to  Phil.  Trans., 
1699. 

Clerke,  Bartholomew.  Fidelia  Servi  Subito  Infi- 
deli  Responsio,  Lon.,  1573,  4to.  De  Curiali  sive  Aulico 
libri  quatuor,  1577,  Svo ;  from  Castiglione. 

Clerke,  Charles  C.,  Archdeacon  of  Oxford.  Form 
of  Prayer  and  Ceremonies,  Lon.,  Svo.  A  Charge  at  the 
Visitation  June  and  July,  1844,  Oxf.,  1844,  Svo. 

Clerke,  Francis.  Praxis ;  being  the  manner  of  pro 
ceeding  in  the  Ecclesiastical  Courts,  2d  ed.  by  T.  Blanden, 
1606,  4to.  Praxis  Supremae  Curise  Admiralitatis  Una  cum 
Indice  et  notis,  1667,  Svo;  new  ed.,  1829,  12mo. 

"  A  work  of  undoubted  credit."— LORD  HARDWICKE 

See  Marvin's  Legal  Bibl. 

Clerke,  George.  The  Landed  Man's  Assistant,  Lon., 
1715,  Svo. 

CJ^rke>  Gilbert.    Theolog.  Latin  Treatises,  1660,  '62, 

Clerke,  John,  Bishop  of  Bath  and  Wells,  d.  1540, 
presented  the  treatise  of  Henry  VIII.  against  Luther  to 
Pope  Leo  X.  Oratio  ad  Leonem  X.  in  exhibitione  Libelli 
Regii  Henrici  VIII.  contra  Lutherem;  cum  Papa?  respon- 
sione  etaliis  nine  quibusdam  spectantibus,  Lon.,  by  Pynson, 
1521,  4to. 


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CLI 


Clerke,  John.  Opusculum  de  Mortuorum  Resurrec- 
tione  et  Extreme  Judicio,  in  quatuor  Linguis  conscriptum, 
Lon.,  1545,  4to.  In  double  columns;  Latin  and  Italian  in 
the  Roman  character,  the  English  and  French  in  black 
letter. 

"  Curious  on  account  of  some  of  the  speculations  it  contains ; 
but  above  all  as  it  affords  a  comparative  view  of  the  orthography 
and  idiom  of  the  English,  French,  and  Italian  languages  at  that 
period." 

A  Declaration  respecting  the  Articles,  1546,  8vo. 
Clerke,  Richard,  d.  1634,  one  of  the  translators  of 
the  English  Bible.    Serms.  pub.  by  C.  White,  Lon.,1637,fol. 
"  Worthy  to  be  remembered  of  us,  though  dead ;  for  he  loved  us 
and  our  church.    "VVitnesse  this  pledge  of  his  love  to  both, — his 
Workes." — Preface. 

Clerke,  Samuel.     Serms.,  1693,  1700,  4to. 
Clerke,  Thos.  W.     Rudiments  of  Amer.  Law  and 
Practice,  on  the  plan  of  Blackstone,  N.  York,  1842,  8vo. 

"  Mr.  Clerke's  Rudiments  of  American  Law  and  Practice  appears 
to  me  to  be  drawn  up  with  great  care,  and  to  condense  in  a  brief 
form  a  great  deal  of  learning,  highly  useful  to  students  at  law, 
and  well  adapted  to  the  highest  classes  in  our  colleges;  and  espe 
cially  for  students  in  the  State  of  New  York."— JOSEPH  STORY. 

Digest  of  the  Reports  of  Cases  determined  in  the  Su 
preme  and  other  Courts  of  the  State  of  N.  Y. ;  revised  and 
continued  to  present  time  by  Win.  Hogan,  N.  York,  1850, 
4  vols.  8vo. 

Clerke,  Tim.     Papers  relative  to  Physick,  1670,  4to. 
Clerke,  William.    The  Trial  of  Bastardie,  1594, 4to. 
Clerke,  William.     Marciano,  or  the  Discovery:  a 
Tragi-comedy,  Edin.,  1663,  4to. 

<'  This  piece  is  said  to  have  been  acted  with  great  applause  before 
his  Majesty's  high  Commissioner,  and  others  of  the  nobility,  at  the 
abbey  of  Holyrood  house." — LOWNDES. 

Clerke,  Sir  William,  Rector  of  Bury.  Thoughts  on 
the  manner  of  preserving  the  health  of  the  Poor,  Lon., 
1790,  8vo. 

Clery,  Michael,  sen  O'Clerich,  a  native  of  Ireland. 
Lexicon  Hibernicum  praesert.  pro  Vocabulis  Antiquioribus 
et  Obscuris,  Lovanii,  1643,  8vo. 

Cleveland,  Aaron,  (son  of  Rev.  Aaron  C.  and 
Susannah  Porter,  d.  of  Rev.  Dr.  Porter  of  Maiden,  Mass.,) 
b.  in  Haddam,  Conn.,  1744,  d.  at  New  Haven,  1815.  The 
Philosopher  and  Boy;  a  Poem,  written  before  he  was 
twenty-one;  Family  Blood,  a  burlesque  poem;  Slavery 
Considered,  an  anti-slavery  Poem,  in  blank  verse,  of  about 
800  lines,  published  in  1775;  and  two  Peace-Sermons, 
1815,  entitled  The  Life  of  Man  Inviolable,  which  were  re- 
published  in  England.  For  a  Memoir  of  him,  and  extracts 
from  his  poems,  see  Poets  of  Connecticut.  We  understand 
that  his  grandson,  Prof.  C.  D.  Cleveland,  of  Philadelphia, 
is  about  to  publish  his  works  yvith  a  life. 

Cleveland,  Charles  Dexter,  son  of  Rev.  Charles 
Cleveland  of  Boston,  was  born  at  Salem,  Mass.,  December 
3, 1802.  After  spending  five  years  in  mercantile  pursuits, 
in  1823  he  entered  Dartmouth  College,  and  graduated  in 
1827.  In  1830  he  was  elected  Professor  of  the  Latin  and 
Greek  languages  in  Dickinson  College,  Carlisle,  Penn. ; 
and  in  1832  Professor  of  the  Latin  Language  and  Litera 
ture  in  the  University  of  the  City  of  New  York.  In  1834 
he  established  a  Young  Ladies'  School  in  Philadelphia,  of 
which  he  still  (1858)  continues  the  Principal. 

The  following  is  a  list  of  the  works  pub.  by  Prof.  C.    In 

1826,  while  a  Junior  in  College,  The  Moral  Characters  of 
Theophrastus,  with  a  Translation  and  Critical  Notes :  in 

1827,  while  a  Senior,  An  Epitome  of  Grecian  Antiquities : 
in  1828,  First  Lessons  in  Latin  upon  a  New  Plan,  and  in 
the  same  year,  The  National  Orator :  in  1830,  Xenophon's 
Anabasis,  with  English  Notes :  in  1831,  a  Compendium  of 
Grecian  Antiquities,  being   the   Epitome   rewritten  and 
greatly  enlarged,  with  Maps  and  Illustrations :  in  1832, 
First  Lessons  in  Greek :  in  1834,  a  Sequel  to  First  Lessons 
in  Latin :  in  1836,  an  edition  of  Adams's  Latin  Grammar, 
with  numerous  Additions  and  Improvements :  in  1844,  an 
Address  of  the  Liberty  Party  of  Pennsylvania  to  the  People 
of  the  State :  in  1845,  First  Latin  Book,  and  in  the  same 
year,  Second  Latin  Book :  in  1846,  Third  Latin  Book :  in 
1848,  A  Compendium  of  English  Literature,  from  Sir  John 
Mandeville   to   William   Cowper:    in    1850,    Hymns   for 
Schools;  with  appropriate  Selections  from  the  Scriptures: 
in  1851,  English  Literature  of  the  Nineteenth  Century  •  in 
1853,  an  edition  of  Milton's  Poetical  Works,  with  Life 
Dissertations  on  each  Poem,  Notes,  an  Index  to  Subjects 
of  Paradise  Lost,  and  a  Verbal  Index  to  all  the  Poems  •  in 
1858,  A  Compendium  of  American  Literature,  on  the  plan 
of  the  Compendium  of  English  Literature. 

"The  books  of  Professor  Cleveland's  Latin  Series  are  well  calcu 
lated  for  leading  the  learner  forward,  step  by  step,  in  acquiring  a 
knowledge  of  that  language  which  enters  eo  largely  into  all  our 
scientific  works." — Hunt's  Merchant's  Magazine. 


Professor  Cleveland's  edition  of  Milton  we  consider  the 
most  correct,  compact,  and  convenient  edition  published 
in  this  country.  It  is  "critical  enough  for  the  scholar, 
full  enough  for  the  general  reader,  beautiful  enough  for 
the  table  of  the  opulent,  but,  above  all,  cheap  enough  for  the 
school-room  and  for  the  dwellings  of  those  whose  limited 
means  prevent  them  from  buying  expensive  books." 

"An  edition  which  must  have  cost  immense  labour,  from  the 

care  and  accuracy  with  which  every  word  has  been  weighed." 

National  Magazine. 

"  A  pre-eminently  appreciable  pleasure  it  is  to  find  a  new  and 
carefully-prepared  edition  of  a  favourite  writer."—  Knickerbocker. 

"  The  Index  of  Subjects  is  full  and  judicious;  the  Verbal  Index 
remarkably  accurate;  and  the  Notes  signally  pertinent."— Biblio- 
theca  Sacra. 

"The  Text  I  have  found  in  all  cases  the  best;  the  Notes  most 
judiciously  selected  or  supplied;  while  the  Index  is  complete  and 
faultless  as  far  as  human  labour  can  be." — Jos.  G.  Cogswell,  Li 
brarian  of  the  Astor  Library. 

Professor  Cleveland's  Compendium  of  English  Litera 
ture  and  his  English  Literature  of  the  19th  Century  are 
most  valuable  manuals,  and  should  be  in  every  college, 
school,  family,  and  library,  and  on  every  parlour-table 
where  literature  is  not  entirely  repudiated. 

Notices  of  the  Compendium  of  English  Literature. 

"  Having,  some  years  since,  meditated  a  similar  undertaking,  I 
can  appreciate,  in  a  measure,  the  difficulties  with  which  you  were 
called  to  contend,  and  the  skill  with  which  you  have  surmounted 
them."—  RT.  BEV.  A.  POTTER,  D.D..  LL.D. 

"  To  form  such  a  Compendium,  good  taste,  fine  scholarship,  fami 
liar  acquaintance  with  English  literature,  unwearied  industry,  tact 
acquired  by  practice,  an  interest  in  the  culture  of  the  young,  a  re 
gard  for  truth,  purity,  philanthropy,  religion,  as  the  highest  attain 
ment  and  the  highest  beauty, — all  these  were  needed;  and  they  are 
united  in  Mr.  Cleveland." — Boston  Christian  Register. 

"  Of  the  filial  attachment  of  Americans  to  the  literature  of  Old 
England  the  work  before  us  is  a  most  creditable  specimen.  It  is 
decidedly  the  best  book  of  the  kind  we  know.  Though  it  is  not 
bulky,  it  comprises  an  immense  amount  of  valuable  matter." — 
London  Atheneeum,  March,  1851. 

Cleveland,  Ezra.     See  CLEAVELAND. 

Cleveland,  Henry  R.,  1808-1848,  son  of  Richard 
J.  Cleveland,  (q.  v.)  Remarks  on  the  Classical  Education 
of  Boys,  by  a  Teacher,  1834.  Life  of  Henry  Hudson,  in 
Sparks's  Amer.  Biog.,  vol.  x.,  1838.  Address  delivered  before 
the  Harvard  Musical  Association,  1840,  8vo.  A  Letter  to 
Hon.  Daniel  Webster  on  the  Causes  of  the  Destruction  of 
the  Steamer  Lexington,  by  a  Traveller,  1840.  Mr.  C. 
contrib.  several  papers  to  N.  Amer.  Rev.,  New  England 
Magazine,  and  other  journals.  A  selection  of  his  writings, 
with  a  Memoir  by  Geo.  S.  Hillard,  was  printed  for  private 
distribution  after  his  death,  Boston,  1844,  12mo. 

"  He  was  an  accomplished  scholar,  particularly  in  the  ancient 
classics." — JARED  SPARKS,  LL.D. 

Cleveland,  John.     See  CLEAVELAND. 

Cleveland,  Parker.     See  CLEAVELAND. 

Cleveland,  Richard  J.,  father  of  Henry  R.  Cleve 
land.  A  Narrative  of  Voyages  and  Commercial  Enter 
prises,  Camb.,  1842,  2  vols.  12mo.  Several  edits,  also  re- 
pub,  in  Eng. 

"  The  result  of  long  experience  in  practical  navigation  in  various 
parts  of  the  world,  replete  \vith  interesting  incidents  and  judi 
cious  remarks,  and  written  in  a  clear  and  forcible  style." — JARED 
SPARKS,  LL.D. 

Clever,  or  Cleaver,  William.  A  Knowledge  for 
Kings,  &c. ;  trans,  into  English,  Lon.,  1574,  8vo;  a  theo 
logical  treatise. 

Clever, William.  Flower  of  Physicke,  Lon.,  1590, 4to. 

Clifford.     Introduc.  to  Geography,  1682,  8vo. 

Clifford,  Abr.     Methodus  Evangelica,  1676,  8vo. 

Clifford,  Anne,  Countess  of  Dorset  and  Pembroke, 
1589-1676,  daughter  of  the  famous  Earl  of  Cumberland, 
and  author  of  the  most  celebrated  letter  by  a  female  in  the 
English  language,  is  commended  by  Mr.  Pennant  as  the 
most  eminent  person  of  her  age  for  intellectual  accomplish 
ments,  for  spirit,  magnificence,  and  deeds  of  benevolence. 
She  erected  a  monument  to  Daniel  the  historian,  another 
to  Spenser,  founded  two  hospitals,  and  repaired  or  built 
seven  churches  and  six  castles. 

She  knew  well  how  to  discourse  of  all  things,  from  predestina 
tion  to  slea-silk." — DR.  DONNE. 

Bishop  Rainbow  commends  the  countess  as  of 

"Great  understanding  and  judgment,  faithful  memory,  and 
ready  wit." 

Horace  Walpole  ascribes  to  her  pen  Memoirs  of  her  Hus 
band,  Richard,  Earl  of  Dorset,  never  printed.  Sundry  Me 
morials  of  Herself  and  her  Progenitors.  The  famous  letter 
referred  to  above  was  in  answer  to  Sir  Joseph  Williamson, 
Secretary  of  State  to  Charles  the  Second,  who  took  the 
liberty  of  nominating  to  her  a  member  for  the  borough  of 
Appleby.  The  countess  settled  the  matter  on  this  wise : 

"  I  have  been  bullied  by  an  usurper,  I  have  been  neglected  by 
a  court ;  but  I  will  not  be  dictated  to  by  a  subject :  your  man 


CLI 

Bhan't  stand  !"—  In  The  World,  No.U;  see  Park's  Walpole's  R.  &  N. 

Clifford,  Arthur.  Tixall  Poetry,  pub.  by  Sir  Walter 
Scott,  Edin.,  1813,  4to. 

«  Over  this  Aston  speculation  the  Edinburgh  Review  of  the 
Sadler  has  thrown  a  heavy  cloud;  the  fact  is,  it  seems  to  me  to 
have  ruined  it."—  James  Balla.ntyne  to  Sir  W.  Scott. 

See  an  account  of  this  vol.  in  Drake's  Evenings  in  Au 
tumn.  History  of  Tixall,  Paris,  1817.  Carmen  Seculare, 
1814,  8vo.  Collectanea  Cliffordiana,  Paris,  1817,  8vo. 
State  Papers  and  Letters  of  Sir  Kalph  Sadler;  with  a  Me 
moir  and  Notes,  by  Sir  W.  Scott,  Edin.,  1809,  '10,  2  vols. 
4to,  or  3  vols.  r.  4to. 

"  Written  with  all  that  lively  solicitude  about  points  of  antiqua 
rian  detail  which  accompanied  him  through  so  many  tasks  less 
attractive  than  the  personal  career  of  a  distinguished  statesman 
intimately  connected  with  the  fortunes  of  Mary,  Queen  of  Scots." 
—  J.  G.  LOCKHART. 

Clifford,  Charles.  Remarks  on  Lord  Thurlow's 
Speech,  1788.  The  Angler;  a  Didactic  Poem,  1804. 

Clifford,  Chr.     Schole  of  Horsemanship,  Lon.,  4to. 

Clifford,  George,  third  Earl  of  Cumberland,  1558- 
1605,  the  champion  of  Queen  Elizabeth  in  the  tournaments 
of  the  day,  also  distinguished  himself  as  a  navigator.  See 
Biog.  Brit.  The  Discov.  and  Con.  of  Peru,  Lon.,  1581,  4to. 

Clifford,  Francis.    Ruins  of  Tivoli,  1804,  4to. 

Clifford,  Henry,  Earl  of  Cumberland.  Decl.  as  Lt. 
Col.  of  his  Majesty's  Forces  in  Yorkshire,  Lon.,  1642,  4to. 

Clifford,  Henry.    Political  treatises,  1790-1807. 

Clifford,  J.  B.     The  Church's  Triumph;  a  Sermon. 

"  Let  the  Church  calmly  prepare  for  that  tremendous  final  con 
test  between  good  and  evil  to  which  all  things  seem  hastening  with 
rapidity."  —  Bishop  of  Oxford's  Charge,  p.  35,  May,  1842. 

Clifford,  James.     Serins.,  1694,  12mo. 

Clifford,  James.  Services  andAnthems,1663  or'64,8vo. 

"  To  this  book,  Ant.  a  Wood  and  others  frequently  refer  in  speak 
ing  of  our  choral  music.  It  contains  the  words  of  the  services  and 
anthems  of  near  seventy  of  our  church  composers,  whose  works 
were  in  use  in  the  cathedrals  soon  after  the  restoration."  —  LOWNDES. 

Clifford,  Jeronimy.     Case,  &c.,  Lon.,  1768. 

Clifford,  M.  M.     1.  Egypt.     2.  Poems,  1802,  '08. 

Clifford,  Martin,  d.  1677.  Observations  on  Human 
Reason,  Lon.,  1675,  8vo.  Treatise  of  Human  Reason, 
Lon.,  1676,  12mo.  An  Apology  for  this  treatise,  by  Alber- 
tus  Warren,  1680,  12mo.  The  Treatise  will  be  found  in 
the  Phoenix,  vol.  ii.,  No.  2,  23,  and  in  the  Harleian  Miscel 
lany,  vol.  ix.  Notes  upon  Mr.  Dryden's  Poems,  1687,  4to. 
See  Athen.  Oxon. 

Clifford,  Roto.  History  of  Jacobinism,  from  the  French 
of  Barruel,  1789,  4  vols.  8vo. 

"  The  best  account  of  the  exertions  of  the  French  Philosophers 
to  produce  a  new  order  of  things  in  Church  and  State,  will  be 
found  in  these  Memoirs."  —  CHARLES  BUTLER. 

To  this  work  should  be  added  the  paper  entitled  Revo 
lution  de  Paris,  pub.  from  1789-94,  giving  original  accounts 
of  events  as  they  transpired  from  day  to  day.  A  complete 
set  of  this  paper,  bound  in  14  vols.  8vo,  was  lately  offered 
for  sale:  it  rarely  occurs.  Add  to  these  Prudhomme's 
Crimes  of  the  French  Revolution,  1796,  6  vols.  8vo.  Clif 
ford  also  pub.  The  French  in  Russia,  1813,  fol.  sheet. 

Clifford,  Samuel.  Melancholy;  from  Baxter,  Lon., 
1716,  8vo.  Dissuasive  from  Perjury,  1723,  8vo. 

Clifford,  W.     Farmer's  Sure  Guide,  1796,  12mo. 

Clifford,  William.     Serm.,  Lon.,  1682,  4to. 

Cliffton,  William,  1772-1799,  of  Philadelphia,  wrote 
a  Poetical  Epistle  to  William  Gifford,  Esq.,  which  has  been 
much  admired.  He  commenced  a  poem  entitled  The  Chi- 
meriad,  which  was  not  completed.  A  vol.  of  his  poems 
was  pub.  in  New  York,  1800,  12mo. 

Clift,  Henry.  Book  of  Declarations,  Pleadings.  Ju 
dicial  Writs,  Ac.,  1703,  fol. 

Clift,William.  Physiolog.  Con.  to  Phil.  Trans.,  1815 

Clifton,  Francis,  M.D.  Hippocrates,  a  trans,  of, 
Lon.,  1727,  fol. 

«  A  faithful  translation." 

Other  medical  works. 

Clifton,  Jo.     Serm.,  1703,  4to. 

Clinch,  J.  B.  An  Inquiry,  legal  and  political,  1808,8vo. 

Clinch,  William,  M.D.  Prof,  treatises,  Ac.,  1724-50. 

Cline,  Henry,  Surgeon.  Essay  on  the  Form  and 
Breeding  of  Domestic  Animals,  Lon.,  1815,  8vo,  pp.  14. 

"  The  contents  describe  very  correctly  the  forms  and  bulks  of  the 
different  parts  of  the  animal  organization,  deduced  from  experience 
and  anatomical  principles.    The  author's  ideas  have  ever  been  held 
to  be  very  correct;  and  if  he  had  enlarged  upon  the  subject,  his 
time  would  have  been  well  spent,  and  the  labour  of  reading  would 
be  profitably  employed."—  Donalds6n'sAgricult.Biog.,Lon.,I8te.8vo 
Clinton,  C.  J.  F.     21  Serms.,  Lon.,  1842,  p.  8vo 
Vm  *  *  gn*t  feV°Urite  With  ™»-"- 


Clinton,  De  Witt,  1769-1828,  a  distinguished  Ame 
rican  statesman,  pub.  Discourses  before  N.  York  Hist.  Soc., 


CLO 

1811 ;  Lit.  and  Phil.  Soc.,  N.  Y.,  1815 ;  Amer.  Acad.  of 
Arts,  1816;  Phi  Beta  Kappa  Soc.,  1823;  Amer.  Bible  Soc., 
1823,  '25 ;  to  The  Freemasons,  1825.  Hibernicus'  Letters 
on  the  Natural  History  and  Internal  Resources  of  the  State 
of  New  York,  1822,  8vo.  Life  and  Writings  of,  by  W.  W. 
Campbell,  N.  York,  1849, 8vo.  Life  and  Times  of,  Buffalo. 
Life  of,  by  Prof.  Renwick,  N.  York,  18mo.  Memoirs  of, 
by  David  Hosack,  N.  York,  4to. 

Clinton,  Sir  Henry,  d.  1795,  an  English  officer  who 
served  in  the  American  War.  Narrative  of  his  conduct  in 
America,  Lon.,  1783,  Svo.  Observations  on  Earl  Corn- 
wallis's  Answer  to  the  Narrative,  1783,  Svo.  Letter  to  the 
Commissioners,  1784,  Svo.  Observations  on  Stedman's  Hist. 
American  War,  1794,  4to. 

Clinton,  Henry  Fynes,  1781-1852,  b.  at  Garnston, 
Nottinghamshire,  a  distinguished  classical  scholar.  1. 
Fasti  Hellenic! :  The  Civil  and  Literary  Chronology  of 
Greece,  Oxford,  three  parts  in  3  vols.  4to,  1834-51. 

"  Indispensable  to  the  right  understanding  of  Ancient  History. 
It  is  such  a  work  as  the  poet  Gray  felt  the  necessity  of,  and  which 
he  once  had  the  intention  of  executing." 

2.  Fasti  Romani:  The  Civil  and  Literary  Chronology 
of  Rome  and  Constantinople,  Oxf.,  1845,  '50,  2  vols.  4to. 
3.  Epitome  of  the  Civil  and  Literary  Chronology  of  Greece, 
Oxford,  1851,  8vo.  4.  Epitome  of  the  Civil  and  Literary 
Chronology  of  Rome,  Oxford,  1853,  Svo.  Nos.  3  and  4  are 
abridgments  of  1  and  2.  See  Lit.  Rom.  of  H.  F.  C.,  by 
C.  J.  F.  Clinton,  1854. 

Clinton,  W.  Henry,  Maj.  Genl.  Remarks  relative 
to  the  Operation  of  the  British  Army  in  Spain,  1809,  Svo. 

Clipperton,  John.  Voyage  to  the  South  Seas  and 
East  Indies  in  1719.  See  Calender's  Voyages,  iii.  444, 1766. 

Clipsham,  Rotoert.  The  Grand  Expedient  for  sup 
pressing  Popery  Examined;  or  the  Project  of  Exclusion 
proved  to  be  contrary  to  reason  and  religion,  Lon.,  1685,  Svo. 

Clissold,  Augustus.  Illustrations  of  the  End  of  the 
Church,  Lon.,  1841,  Svo.  Two  works  on  the  writings  of 
Swedenborg,  1842, 1  vol. ;  1851, 4  vols.  Svo.  Apocalyptical 
Interpretation,  1845,  2  vols.  8vo.  Expos,  of  the  Apocalypse, 
1851,  4  vols.  Svo. 

Clissold,  Henry.  Last  Days  of  Eminent  Christians, 
Lon.,  8vo,  1848.  Family  Worship,  8vo.  Prophecies  of 
Christ  and  Christian  Times,  Svo.  Last  Hours  of  Scripture 
Women,  1851,  12mo. 

Clive,  Catherine,  1711-1785,  an  eminent  English 
actress.  Case  of  Mrs.  Clive  submitted  to  the  Public,  Lon., 
1744,  Svo.  She  introduced  a  few  "petite  pieces  on  the 
stage."  See  Biog.  Dramat. ;  Davies's  Life  of  Garrick,  vol.  ii. 

Clive, J.H.  Marvor's  Stenography  abbrev.,  1811,12mo. 

Clive,  Robert.    Serm.,  1770,  8vo. 

Clive,  Robert,  Lord,  Baron  of  Plassey,  1725- 
1774.  A  Letter  to  the  Proprietors  of  the  East  India  Stock, 
Lon.,  1764,  Svo.  Speech  in  House  of  Commons  relative  to 
the  E.  India  Company,  1773, 4to.  Charles  Caraccioll  wrote 
a  life  of  Lord  Clive,  Lon.,  1775,  '76,  4  vols.  Svo,  which  Dr. 
Watt  compliments  as  "a  confused  jumble."  Sir  John  Mal 
colm  pub.  in  1836,  3  vols.  Svo,  a  life  of  Lord  Clive,  col 
lected  from  the  Family  Papers. 

"The  love  of  Sir  John  Malcolm  passes  the  love  of  biographers." — 
Review  by  T.  B.  Macaulay,  Edin.  Eev.,  Jan.  1840. 

The  Rev.  Mr.  Gleig  also  has  presented  the  public  with  a 
memoir  of  Lord  Clive. 

Clodius,  John.    Dissertatio,  <fcc.  Politicis,  Lon.,  1658. 

Clogie,  Alexander.    Vox  Corvi,  Lon.,  1694,  12mo. 

Cloke,  Thomas.   De  Atrophia,  Lugd.  Bat.,  167,5,  4to. 

Close,  Francis,  Archdeacon  of  Carlisle,  formerly 
Vicar  of  Cheltenham.  Discourses  on  Genesis,  Lon.,  1826, 
Svo;  6th  ed.,  1841,  12mo. 

"  It  contains  full,  clear,  and  striking  Expositions  and  Illustra 
tions  of  divine  truth." — Lon.  Christian  Guardian. 

Miscellaneous  Serms.,  1840,  2  vols.  Svo.  52  Sketches  of 
Serms.,  1842,  Svo.  Other  works,  1840-48. 

"  Close  is  a  popular  and  admired  preacher.  His  discourses  af 
ford  a  feithful  exposition  of  the  doctrines  of  the  evangelical  school 
in  the  Church  of  England." — LOWNDES. 

Close,Henry  J.  Fam.Prayers,Lon.,18mo;  2ded.l841. 

"  Well  adapted  for  the  purposes  of  family  prayer." — Lon.  Gospel 
Magazine. 

Close,  William.  Con.  to  Nic.  Jour.,  1800,  '01,  '02, 
'05 ;  Natural  Philos.  and  Chemistry. 

Closse, George.  The  Parricide  Papist,  Lon.,  1606,4to. 

Clossy,  Samuel.     Diseases  of  the  Body,  1763,  Svo. 

Clough,  Arthur  H.,  Fellow  and  Tutor  in  Oriel  Col 
lege,  Oxford,  and  late  Professor  in  University  College, 
London.  The  Bothie  of  Toper-Na-Fuosich ;  a  Long  Va 
cation  Pastoral,  Lon.,  1848,  2  vols.  Svo.  Plutarch's  Lives  ; 
the  trans,  called  Dryden's,  corrected  from  the  Greek,  and 
revised  by  A.  H.  C.  Messrs.  Little,  Brown  &  Co.,  of 
Boston,  Mass.,  will  shortly  issue  this  work  in  5  vols.  Svo. 

397 


CLO 


COB 


Clough,  Henry  J.,  M.D.    Midwifery,  Lon.,  8vo. 

Clough,  James.    Diseases  of  Children,  &c.,  1796,  8vo. 

Cloutt,  Thomas.     Sermons,  1806,  '09,  8vo. 

Clowes,  John,  1743-1831,  Fellow  of  Trinity  College, 
Cambridge,  Rector  of  St  John's,  Manchester,  1769.  New 
Jerusalem  Sermons,  Lon.,  1796,  2  vols.  8vo.  This  divine 
pub.  several  other  works  in  defence  of  the  doctrines  of 
Swedenborg. 

Clowes,  William,  an  eminent  English  surgeon  temp. 
Elizabeth,  pub.  several  professional  treatises,  the  best  of 
which  is  The  Approved  Practice  for  all  young  Chirurgeons, 
1591,  '96,  and  1637,  4to. 

"  He  is  a  strong  advocate  for  writing  medical  and  chirurgical 
books  in  the  vernacular  language,  and  his  practice  was  always  in 
genious,  and  often  successful." 

Clubbe,  J.,  Surgeon.    Profess,  treatises,  1778,  '86,  8vo. 

Clubbe,  John.  Serm.,  1751,  4to.  Hist,  and  Anti 
quities  of  the  ancient  Villa  of  "Whatfield,  in  the  county  of 
Suffolk,  1758. 

"A  Piece  of  excellent  Irony,  at  the  expense  of  Modern  Antiqua 
ries."—  DR.  WATT. 

A  Letter,  1763.  Physiognomy.  Miscell.  Tracts.,  1770, 
2  vols.  12mo. 

Clubbe,  William,  d.  1814,  aged  70.  Trans.  &c.  from 
Horace,  Lon.,  1795,  '97,  4to.  Omnium,  1798,  8vo.  Other 
works,  1804,  '06. 

Clunie,  James.     Sufferings  of  Christ,  Lon.,  1810. 

Clunie,  John.     The  Storm  Improved,  1810. 

Cluny,  Alexander.  The  American  Traveller,  Lon., 
1769,  4to;  reprinted,  1770,  in  French,  1783. 

"  The  author  was  the  first  to  give  accurate  intelligence  of  Hud 
son's  Bay,  and  to  institute  an  inquiry  about  a  more  successful 
commerce  with  the  Americans.  The  book  was  said  to  have  been 
published  under  the  auspices  of  Lord  Chatham  :  and  both  the 
English  and  Americans,  at  that  crisis,  were  so  eager  to  possess  it, 
that  it  was  bought  and  read  by  one  party  with  the  same  avidity 
that  it  was  bought  and  destroyed  by  the  other.  It  now  rests  in 
peace  :  an  example  (if  ten  thousand  others  were  wanting)  of  the 
shortrlived  popularity  of  '  things  mundane.'  "  —  Dibdin's  Library 
Companion  ;  q.  v.  for  an  account  of  Cluny's  travels. 

"  Even  in  1775,  according  to  Daines  Barrington,  it  was  a  book 
not  commonly  to  be  met  with."  —  Rich's  Bibliotheca  Americana 
Nova;  q.  v.  for  the  full  title. 

Clutterbuck,  Henry,  M.D.    Prof,  treat.,  1794-1807. 

Clutterbuck,  J.     Liturgy,  1694.     Psalms,  1702. 

Clutterbuck,  Robert,  1772-1831,  an  eminent  anti 
quary  and  topographer,  a  native  of  Watford,  Hertfordshire, 
was  educated  at  Exeter  College,  Oxford.  The  Hist,  and 
Antiquities  of  the  County  of  Hertford,  Lon.,  1815,  '21,  '27, 
r.  fol.  ;  3  vols.  pub.  at  £25  4s.  ;  large  paper,  with  proof 
plates,  £47  5s.  This  work  was  the  labour  of  18  years.  He 
draws  from  Chauncy  where  the  history  of  the  latter  suits 
his  purpose. 

"  This  elegant  and  complete  History  will  hand  down  his  name 
in  honourable  connection  with  his  native  county,  to  the  latest 
posterity.  The  plates  have  never  been  surpassed  in  any  similar 
publication,  whether  we  consider  the  appropriateness  of  the  em 
bellishments,  or  the  beauty  and  fidelity  of  their  execution."—  Lon. 
Gent.  Mag.  ;  see  Review  of  vol.  i.  in  vol.  Ixxxvi.  ;  of  vol.  ii.  in  vol. 
xci.  ;  and  of  vol.  iii.  in  vol.  xcvii. 

Clutterbuck,  Thomas.     Serm.,  Lon.,  1687,  4to. 

Clutton,  John.     Serm.,  Lon.,  1789,  8vo. 

Clutton,  Joseph.     Med.  treatises,  Lon.,  1729,  '36. 

Clyfton,  Richard.     Baptizing  Infants,  1610,  4to. 

Clyfton,  William.  Advertisement,  Ac.,  1612,  4to; 
rel.  to  the  "English  exiled  Church  at  Amsterdam." 

Clymer,  Meredith,  M.D.  On  Fevers  ;  edit,  with  ad- 
dits.  from  Tweedie's  Library  of  Pract.  Medicine,  Phila., 
1846,  8vo.  Fourth  Amer.  ed.  of  C.  J.  B.  Williams's  Prin 
ciples  of  Medicine,  Phila.,  1854,  8vo  ;  also  editor  of  Wil 
liams's  work  on  Fevers,  and  of  his  Treatises  on  Diseases 
of  the  Respiratory  Organs,  both  pub.  in  Phila.,  8vo. 
Coachman,  Robert.  Church  of  Christ,  Lonv1642,4to. 
Coad,  John.  A  Memorandum  of  the  wonderful  Pro 
vidences  of  God  to  a  poor  unworthy  Creature,  (from  12th 
of  June,  1685,  unto  the  24th  of  November,  1690,)  in  and 
after  the  Revolution  betweene  the  Duke  of  Monmouth  and 
King  James.  By  John  Coad,  Lon.,  1849,  8vo. 

'The  best  account  of  the  sufferings  of  those  rebels  who  were 
sentenced  to  transportation  is  to  be  found  in  a  very  curious  nar- 
™5  ^  ^°hn  Coad'  an  honest  God-fearing  carpenter,  who 

joined  Monmouth,  was  badly  wounded  at  Philips  Norton  was 
tried  by  Jeffreys,  and  was  sent  to  Jamaica.  The  original  manu 
script  was  kindly  lent  to  me  by  Mr.  Phippard,  to  whom  it  belongs  " 
—Macaiday's  England,  vol.  i.  p.  647,  (not^) 


Coad,  Joseph.    1.  Finance.    2.  Taxation,  1804,  '06. 

Coakley,  JohnLettsom.  Account  of  the  late  John 
jFothergill,  M.D.,  Lon.,  1783,  8vo. 

Coates,  Benjamin  H.,  M.D.,  b.  at  Philadelphia, 
1787.  Cases,  Memoirs,  Essays,  Pamphlets  for  private 
Distribution,  and  Courses  of  public  Lectures.  Contribu 
tions  to  Chapman's  Medical  Journal,  1819-26,  and  to  the 


North  American  (medical)  Journal,  of  which  he  was  one 
of  the  founders  ;  pub.  1826-31,  12  vols.  Courses  of  Lec 
tures  on  Physiology,  the  Practice  of  Medicine,  and  on 
Bandages.  Clinical  Courses  on  Medicine  in  the  Penna. 
Hospital,  1828-41.  Two  Courses  of  Physiological  Experi 
ments  on  Absorption,  with  Drs.  Lawrance  and  Harlan, 
Dr.  Coates  being  reporter,  1821-2.  On  a  Machine  bed  for 
Fractures.  On  Gangrene  of  the  Mouth  of  Children.  On 
Delirium  Tremens.  On  the  Mortality  of  the  Coloured  Po 
pulation  in  Separate  Imprisonment.  On  the  Origin  of  the 
American  Indian  Races.  On  the  Larva  of  the  Hessian 
Fly.  A  Memoir  of  Thomas  Say,  the  naturalist.  A  De 
scription  of  a  Hydrostatic  Balance,  dispensing  with  Cal 
culation.  An  Oration  on  Certainty  in  Medicine,  1830 ;  an 
ticipating  by  several  years  the  modern  Arithmetical  School. 
Coates,  Charles.  History  and  Antiquities  of  Read 
ing,  with  Supplement,  Lon.,  1802.  Reading,  1810,  4to. 

Coates,  or  Cotes,  Digby,  Public  Orator  of  the  Uni 
versity  of  Oxford,  appears  to  have  partly  executed  the 
trans,  revised  by  Wotton  of  Du  Pin's  Hist,  of  Eccles. 
Writers,  pub.  in  London,  1697-1725.  17  vols.  in  7.  An 
ed.  which  is  preferred,  but  which  comes  down  only  to  the 
end  of  the  16th  century,  was  printed  by  Grierson,  Dubl., 
1722-24,  3  vols.  fol. 

"  Du  Pin  was  a  laborious,  and,  for  a  Catholic,  a  liberal,  writer ; 
the  work  is  full  of  erudition." — BISHOP  WATSON. 

"It  is  unquestionably  the  most  standard  work  of  that  kind  ex 
tant,  whatever  deficiencies  may  have  been  found  in  its  execution.-' 
— HALLAM  :  Lit.  Hist,  of  Europe. 

Coates  pub.  Oratio,  &c.,  Chris.  Codrington,  Oxon.,  1716, 
8vo.  Sermon,  1713;  15  ditto,  1721,  8vo. 

Coates,  Reynell,  M.D.,  b.  1802,  Philadelphia,  sur 
geon,  naturalist,  and  political,  scientific,  and  popular  es 
sayist  and  lecturer.  Popular  Medicine,  8vo,  Phil.  Phy 
siology  for  Schools,  12mo,  Phil.,  1840.  Nat.  Philos.  for 
Schools,  12mo,  Phil.,  1845.  Monographs,  Reviews,  Ac., 
in  N.  A.  Med.  and  Surg.  Jour.,  Amer.  Jour,  of  Med.  and 
Phys.  ScL,  Jour,  of  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.,  Phil.  Cycl.  of  Prac. 
Med.  and  Surg.,  1826-40.  Ed.  of  many  Journals  and  An 
nuals,  e.  g.  Leaflets  of  Memory,  1845-53.  Auth.  of  Na 
tive  American  National  Address,  1845.  Founder  of  the 
Patriotic  Order  of  the  United  Sons  of  America,  1845. 
Coats,  James.  Diet,  of  Heraldry,  Lon.,  1725,  '39,  8vo. 
Coatsworth,  Edw.  De  Variolis,  Traj.  ad  Rhen., 
1708,  4to. 

Coatsworth, W.  Pharmacopoeia Pauperum,  1718,8vo. 
Cob,  Chris.     The  Sect  spoken  against ;  or  the  Doc 
trine  of  Ely,  Lon.,  1651,  8vo. 

Cobb,  James,  1756-1813,  a  dramatic  poet,  author  of 
the  Humourist,  Strangers  at  Home,  1786,  and  other  dra 
matic  works.  See  Biog.  Dramat. 

Cobb,  John.   8  Sermons,  Bamp.  Lect.,  Oxf.,  1783,  8vo. 
Cobb,  Lyman,   an  American  writer,  is   favourably 
known  as  the  author  of  a  series  of  Popular  Readers. 

Cobb,  Samuel,  d.  1713,  of  Trinity  College,  Cam 
bridge.  Collections  of  Poems,  1707.  Carpenter  of  Oxf., 
(1712,  8vo,)  and  the  Miller's  Tale,  from  Chaucer.  Trans, 
of  the  Muscipula.  The  Oak  and  the  Briar;  a  Tale.  The 
Female  Reign,  in  Dodsley's  Collec.,  and  in  Gent.  Mag., 
1753,  with  alterations  by  Dr.  Watts. 

Cobb,   Sylvanus,  Jr.,  b.  1823,  Waterville,   Maine, 
son  of  Rev.  Sylvanus  Cobb,  ed.  and  prop,  of  the  Christian 
Freeman,  Boston;  was   editor   and  publisher  of  a  paper 
called  The  Rechabite;  also  edited  the  New  England  Wash- 
ingtonian,  Boston.     Has  principally  contributed  to  Glea- 
son's  Pictorial,  Flag  of  our  Union,  and  is  now  (1858)  en 
gaged  in  writing  for  the  N.Y.  Ledger,  (circulation  350,000 
copies  weekly.)     Upwards  of  twenty  novelettes  have  beer 
republished  from  his  newspaper-writings. 
Cobb,  Thomas.    His  Case,  fol. 
Cobbe.     Prophecies,  Signs,  and  Tokens,  1614,  4to.     ' 
Cobbe,  Richard.    Bombay  Church,  1765,  8vo. 
Cobbet,  Thomas,  1608-1685,  a  Nonconformist  di 
vine,  emigrated  to  New  England,  and  there  died.     Self- 
Employment  in  Secret. 
"  Edifying  and  consoling."— BICKERSTETH. 
On  Infant  Baptism,  Lon.,  1648,  4to. 
"A  large,  nervous,  golden  discourse." — MATHER. 
Magistrate's  Power  in  Matters  of  Religion,  1653,  4to. 
Prayer,  1654,  8vo.     Discourse,  1656,  8vo. 

Cobbett,William,  1762-1835,  a  voluminous  political 
writer,  was  the  son  of  a  farmer  and  publican  at  Farnham, 
in  Surrey.  He  ran  away  from  his  father,  enlisted  as  a 
soldier,  and  served  for  some  time  in  Nova  Scotia  and  New 
Brunswick.  Returning  to  England,  he  received  his  dis 
charge,  and  in  1792  visited  France,  from  whence  he  sailed 
for  America,  arriving  in  New  York  in  October  of  the  same 
year.  In  1796  he  settled  in  Philadelphia,  and,  establish- 


COB 


COC 


ing  Peter  Porcupine's  Gazette,  took  a  lively  interest  in  the 
political  questions  of  the  day.  His  intemperance  in  con 
troversy  provoked  suits  for  slander  by  Dr.  Rush  and  others, 
and  the  satirist  was  fined  the  sum  of  $5000.  The  works 
of  Peter  Porcupine,  1783-1801,  in  12  vols.  8vo,  Lon.,  1801, 
should  be  carefully  perused  by  the  student  of  American 
history. 

"Cobbett,  in  these  volumes,  has  left  a  picture  of  the  politics  and 
leading  politicians  of  America,  which  (with  caution)  must  be  stu 
died  by  all  who  would  understand  the  party  questions  with  which 
they  were  discussed. " — KENT. 

In  1800  he  sailed  for  England,  where  he  started  The 
Porcupine,  an  advocate  of  Mr.  Pitt.  He  subsequently 
established  The  Weekly  Register,  in  which  he  communi 
cated  with  the  public  for  thirty  years.  In  1817  he  again 
visited  America,  in  consequence  of  the  Six  Acts.  These 
were  repealed  in  1819,  and  the  exile  returned,  carrying 
with  him  the  bones  of  the  notorious  Tom  Paine,  for  which 
riddance  America  owes  Cobbett's  memory  no  little  respect. 
In  1832  the  noisy  gentleman  was  returned  to  Parliament, 
where,  by  a  wonderful  metamorphosis,  like  Bottom  in  the 
Play,  he  "roared  as  gently  as  any  sucking  dove."  He 
died  at  his  farm  in  Surrey,  June  18,  1835.  His  Political 
Works,  being  an  Abridgment  of  100  vols.  which  compose 
the  writings  of  Peter  Porcupine,  and  The  Weekly  Political 
Register,  with  Notes  by  his  Sons,  were  pub.  in  1842,  Lon., 
6  vols.  8vo ;  to  1848,  9  vols.  He  also  wrote  the  Emigrant's 
Guide;  Poor  Man's  Friend;  Cottage  Economy;  Village 
Sermons;  An  English  Grammar;  A  Grammar  to  teach 
Frenchmen  the  English  Language;  Trans,  of  Marten's 
Law  of  Nations;  A  Year's  Residence  in  America;  Par 
liamentary  History  of  England  to  1803,  12  vols.,  and  De 
bates,  1803-10,  16  vols.  royal  8vo;  and  some  other  works. 
See  a  list  of  his  pamphlets,  Ac.,  in  Watt's  Bibl.  Brit. ;  a 
memoir  in  Gent.  Mag.,  Aug.  1835,  and  a  notice  in  the 
Lon.  Times,  same  year.  See  Donaldson's  Agricult.  Biog. 
for  a  notice  of  Cobbett's  works  on  Agriculture  and  Horti 
culture  :  Cottage  Economy,  Lon.,  1822,  8vo.  An  edit,  of 
Tull's  Horse-hoeing  Husbandry,  1822.  Rural  Rides,  Ac. ; 
The  Woodlands,  or  a  Treatise  on  Planting,  1825,  8vo. 
Treatise  on  Cobbett's  Corn,  1828,  8vo. 

"  This  author  did  not  in  any  way  advance  the  practice  of  agri 
culture,  either  by  precept  or  example ;  but  he  adorned  the  parts 
that  have  been  mentioned,  by  his  homely  knowledge  of  the  art, 
and  most  agreeable  delineation.  He  did  not  grasp  the  art  as  a 
comprehensive  whole,  nor  did  he  aspire  to  the  higher  branches, 
among  which  to  indulge  a  lofty  seat  of  view  and  ideal  elevation." 
— Donaldson's  Agricult.  Biog. 

The  following  is  a  specimen  of  the  compliments  with 
which  controversial  writers  must  expect  to  be  occasionally 
favoured: 

"  He  is  a  man  filled  with  odium  humani  generis.  His  malevo 
lence  and  lying  are  beyond  any  thing." — JEREMY  BENTHAM. 

"  The  general  characteristics  of  his  style  were  perspicuity  un 
equalled  and  inimitable ;  a  homely,  muscular  vigour,  a  purity,  al 
ways  simple,  and  raciness,  often  elegant." — Lon.  Times. 

"The  style  of  Cobbett  is  the  perfection  of  the  rough  Saxon 
English,  and  a  model  of  Political  Writings  for  the  People." 

Cobbin,  Ingrain.  Child's  Commentator,  Lon.,  7  vols. 
18mo;  new  ed.  1851,  1  vol.  sq. 

"  It  is  distinguished  by  a  praiseworthy  simplicity  and  plainness, 
both  m  the  ideas  and  the  phraseology."— LOWNDES. 

The  French  Preacher;  Serms.  trans,  from  the  French 
Divines,  Lon.,  1816,  8vo. 

"  Containing  much  Biographical  and  Historical  information 

Mr.  Home  considers  Cobbin's  notices  of  French  Sermons  as  very 
candid  and  correct." — BICKERSTETH. 

Reformed  Church  of  France,  Lon.,  1816,  8vo.  An  edit, 
of  Albert  Barnes's  Exposition  of  the  New  Testament,  Lon., 
9  vols.  12ino,  1853.  Condensed  Comment,  on  the  Bible  •  with 
upwards  of  30,000  Notes,  Lon.,  imp.  8vo,  and  r  4to  1837  • 
2d  edit.,  1839,  and  later  edits.  (A  Portable  Commentary 
in  12mo.)  Of  this  excellent  work  there  are  lying  before 
us  commendations  from  perhaps  35  to  40  authorities.  We 
have  room  for  but  two  or  three. 

"  It  is  derived  from  the  best  accessible  sources."— T.  H.  HORNE 

The  most  valuable  book  of  the  kind  that  has  yet  appeared  "— 
Lon.  Eclectic  Review. 

"I  cannot  doubt  but  that  by  the  use  of  this  work  the  reading 
of  the  word  of  God  will  be  rendered  much  more  beneficial  to  all 
classes  in  the  present  active  and  inquiring  age." — REV.  J.  PTE 
SMITH,  L/lj.D. 

The  Domestic  Bible,  imp.  8vo,  1849,  '52. 

"  All  the  chief  religious  periodicals  of  the  day  have,  without 
exception,  concert,  or  collusion,  employed  the  most  superlative  ex 
pressions  that  language  supplies,  in  praise  of  this  work."— ion. 
(fhrtstian  Witness. 

Mr.  C.  has  pub.  many  educational  and  religious  works. 
,gCobbold,  Elizabeth.  Waterloo;  an  Ode,  Lon., 

Cobbold,  John  S.     Theolog.  treatises,  1797-1815. 

A  ?  M^°!d'  **<*«*•  Zenon,  the  Martyr,  Lon.,  2d 
ed.,  1849,  3  vols.  p.  8vo. 


"  The  incidents  of  this  work  are  at  once  various  and  striking ; 
and  moral  and  religious  truths  of  great  importance  are  both  simply 
and  powerfully  expressed." — Lon.  Messenger. 

Freston  Tower,  1852,  3  vols.  p.  8vo.  Voice  from  the 
Mount:  Pastoral  Letters,  1848,  12mo. 

"  It  may  be  read  to  edification  by  every  age."— Church  and  State 
Gazette. 

Mary  Anne  Wellington,  new  ed.,  1853,  12mo.  Hist,  of 
Margt.  Catchpole,  p.  8vo ;  new  ed.  1852,  8vo.  Other  works. 

Cobdcn,  Edward,  D.D.,  d.  1764,  educated  at  Trinity 
College,  Oxford,  removed  to  King's  College,  Cambridge. 
Serms.,  1736,  '48,  '53.  Poems,  1748,  8vo.  Concio  ad 
Clerum,  1753,  8vo.  Essays  and  Discourses,  1755,  '57,  4to. 
28  Discourses,  1757,  4to. 

Cobden,  Richard,  b.  1804,  at  Dunford,  Sussex,  M.P. 
for  Stockport,  1841-47,  and  for  the  West  Riding,  1847-57, 
has  distinguished  himself,  in  and  out  of  Parliament,  by  his 
efforts  for  the  repeal  of  the  Corn-Laws  and  by  the  advocacy 
of  other  "political  reforms."  1.  England,  Ireland,  and 
America.  2.  Russia.  These  two  pamphlets  were  pub. 
about  1835.  3.  Extracts  from  the  Works  of  Col.  T.  Peron- 
net  Thompson.  This  anti-Corn-Law  pamphlet  was  pub. 
about  1843.  4.  Speeches  delivered  during  1849,  12mo. 
5.  How  Wars  are  Got  Up  in  India:  the  Origin  of  the 
Burmese  War,  1853  :  pamph.  6.  1793  and  1853  :  in  Three 
Letters,  1853:  pamph.  7.  What  Next?  1855:  pamph. 

Cocburims,  anglici  Cockburn. 

Cochran,William.  Serm.,1795.  Trans.,  I.  A.,  ix.  133. 

Cochrane,  Alex.  Baillie,  M.P.  Meditations  of 
Other  Days,  Lon.,  1841,  8vo.  The  Morea,  with  Remarks 
on  Greece,  1841,  p.  8vo.  Young  Italy,  1850,  p.  8vo.  Ernest 
Vane ;  a  Novel,  2  vols.  p.  8vo. 

"  Ernest  Vane  is  of  high  merit  as  a  production  of  genius.  .  .  . 
Its  pages  abound  with  brilliancy  of  thought,  and  depth  of  feeling." 
— Lon.  Morning  Post. 

Cochrane,  Archibald,  Earl  of  Dundonald,  1749- 
1831,  an  eminent  chemist.  Manufacture  of  Salt,  Lon., 
1785,  8vo.  Coal  Tar,  and  Coal  Varnish,  1785,  8vo.  Me 
morial,  <fcc.,  E.  I.  Company,  1786,  4to.  Agriculture  and 
Chemistry,  1795, 4to.  Chemistry  and  Agriculture,1799, 4to. 

"  The  author  was  the  first  scientific  person  who  directed  atten 
tion  to  chemical  agriculture." — Donaldson's  Agricult.  Biog. 

"  The  discoveries  effected  by  his  scientific  research,  with  its  di 
rection  altogether  to  utility,  have  been  in  many  instances  benefi 
cial  to  the  community." — Annual  Address  of  the  Registrars  of  the 
Literary  Fund  Society,  1823 :  see  Mem.  in  Gent.  Mag.,  Aug.  1831. 

Cochrane,  Hon.  Basil.  The  Vapour  Bath,  1809, 
'10,  4to ;  its  application  to  diseases. 

Cochrane,  Charles  Stuart,  Capt.  R.  N.    Residence 
and  Travels  in  Colombia,  1823,  '24,  Lon.,  1825,  2  vols.  8vo. 
"  A  work  of  little  or  no  value." — LOWNDES. 

Cochrane,  James.  Manual  of  Family  and  Private 
Devotion,  Edin.,  1835,  p.  8vo;  selected  from  upwards  of 
40  Authors. 

"  There  is  no  book  of  the  kind  which  I  have  better  relished  or 
more  highly  approved  of." — DR.  THOMAS  CHALMERS. 

Discourses,  Edin.,  1848,  8vo.     Discourses,  1851,  8vo. 

Cochrane,  James,  Hon.  and  Rev.  Serm.,  1777,  4to. 
Uses  of  Clay  Marl,  Agricultural  Salts,  <fcc.,  1791, 4to.  Other 
publications,  1779-1805. 

Cochrane,  John.     Game  of  Chess,  Lon.,  1822,  8vo. 

Cochrane,  Hon.  John.  Seaman's  Guide,  Lon., 
1797,  8vo. 

Cochrane,  John  Duiulas,  Capt.,  R.N.,  1780-1825. 
Pedestrian  Journey  through  Russia  and  Siberian  Tartary. 
Ac.;  2ded.,  Lon.,  1824,  8vo. 

"  The  eccentricities  of  this  most  hardy  and  indefatigable  traveller 
sometimes  approach  to  insanity." 

"  It  contains,  from  the  writer's  want  of  scientific  knowledge, 
little  that  is  satisfactory  on  the  face  of  the  country  and  its  natural 
productions." — Lm.  Quar.  Rev. 

Cochrane,  Thomas ,  Surgeon.   Med.  Com.,  1774, '75. 

Cochrane,  Thomas,  M.D.    Med.  Com.,  1785. 

Cochrane,  Thomas,  Lord,  has  been  Earl  of  Dun 
donald  since  1831.  1.  Letter  to  Lord  Ellenborough.  2. 
Address  to  the  Electors  of  Westminster,  1811,  '15. 

Cock,  Charles  G.   Household  of  God,  Lon.,  1651,  fol. 

Cock,  John.     Sermons,  1704,  '07,  '10. 

Cock,  M.  R.     Amer.  Poultry  Book,  N.  Y.,  1851, 18mo. 

Cock,  S.    1.  Navigation  System.    2.  Bullion,  1804,  '11. 

Cock,  Capt.  Samuel.    Voyage  to  Lethe,  1741,  8vo. 

Cock,  Thomas.     Discourse  on  Air,  Lon.,  1665,  4to. 

Cock,  William.  Meteorologie,  or  the  true  way  of 
Foreseeing  and  Judging  the  Weather,  Lon.,  1671,  8vo. 

Cockaine.    See  COCKAYNE. 

Cockayne,  George.     Sermon,  Lon.,  1648,  4to. 

Cockayne,  J.  England's  Troubles  Anatomized,  Lon., 
1644,  4to. 

Cockayne,  O.  Civil  Hist,  of  the  Jews,  from  Joshua 
to  Hadrian,  Lon.,  1841, 12mo.  Greek  Syntax,  with  Metrical 
Examples,  1846,  12mo.  Hist,  of  France,  1846, 18mo. 


COG 


COG 


Cockburn,  Archibald.  Philosophical  Essay  cone. 
the  Intermediate  State  of  Blessed  Souls,  Lon.,  1722,  8vo. 

Cockburn,  Mrs.  Catherine,  1679-1749,  was  a  native 
of  London,  a  daughter  of  Captain  David  Trotter,  R.  N.  In 
her  17th  year  her  tragedy  of  Agnes  de  Castro  was  produced 
with  great  success  at  the  Theatre  Royal.  In  1698  she  gave 
to  the  world  the  Tragedy  of  Fatal  Friendship,  and  in  1701, 
The  Unhappy  Penitent.  In  the  same  year  she  contributed, 
with  several  other  ladies,  to  the  Nine  Muses  j  a  tribute  to 
the  memory  of  John  Dryden.  In  1706  her  tragedy  en 
titled  The  Revolution  of  Sweden  was  acted  at  the  Queen's 
Theatre.  In  1708  she  was  married  to  the  Rev.  Mr.  Cock- 
burn,  who  was  subsequently  presented  to  the  living  of 
Long-Horsley,  Northumberland.  In  the  previous  year 
she  returned  to  the  communion  of  the  Church  of  England, 
which  she  had  when  quite  young  forsaken  for  the  Church 
of  Rome.  In  1726  she  pub.  a  Letter  to  Dr.  Holdsworth 
in  vindication  of  Mr.  Locke's  Essay  respecting  the  resur 
rection  of  the  body.  In  1747  appeared  her  Remarks  upon 
the  Principles  and  Reasonings  of  Dr.  Rutherforth's  Essay 
on  the  Nature  and  Obligations  of  Virtue. 

"  It  [Mrs.  Cockburn's  refutation]  contains  all  the  clearness  of 
expression,  the  strength  of  reason,  the  precision  of  logic,  and  at 
tachment  to  truth,  which  makes  books  of  this  nature  really  useful 
to  the  common  cause  of  virtue  and  religion."  —  BISHOP  WARBURTON. 

In  1751  Dr.  Birch  pub.  an  edition  of  Mrs.  Cockburn's 
Works  in  2  vols.  8vo.  *  This  collection,  however,  contains 
none  of  her  dramatic  pieces  excepting  The  Fatal  Friend 
ship.  Of  her  poetical  essays,  The  Flowers  of  the  Forest 
is  best  known  to  the  public,  and  has  even  been  placed  in 
competition  with  Miss  Jane  Elliott's  beautiful  ballad  of  the 
same  title.  See  Life  by  Birch;  Biog.  Brit.;  Forbes's  Life 
of  Beattie;  Gibber's  Lives. 

Cockburn,  Henry  Thomas,  Lord,  Scottish  Judge, 
1779-1854.  1.  On  the  Best  Ways  of  Spoiling  the  Beauties 
of  Edinburgh.  2.  Life  and  Correspondence  of  Lord  Jeffrey, 
Lon.,  1852,  2  vols.  8vo.  He  was  an  early  contributor  to 
the  Edin.  Rev.  Memorials  of  his  Times  1856,  8vo. 

"We  are  by  no  means  satisfied  that  wo  have  made  the  best 
imaginable  selection  from  this  amusing  and  valuable  volume. 
That,  however,  which  has  been  given  will  suffice  to  recommend  the 
reader  to  it  as  one  full  of  value  and  amusement."  —  Lon.  Athen. 

Cockburn,  Lt.-Gcn.  James.  Voyage  to  Cadiz 
and  Gibraltar,  up  the  Mediterranean  to  Sicily  and  Malta, 
Lon.,  1815,  2  vols.  8vo. 

Cockburn,  John,  D.D.,  d.  1729.  Serms.  and  theolog. 
essays,  1691-1717.  History  of  Duels,  showing  their  hei 
nous  nature,  1720,  8vo. 

Cockburn,  John,  D.D.     Serms.,  Ac.,  1698-1718. 

Cockburn,  John.  Journey  over  Land,  from  the 
Gulph  of  Honduras  to  the  Great  South  Sea,  Lon.,  1735,  8vo. 

"  This  curious  and  authentic  narrative  appeared  so  extraordinary, 
that  it  was  looked  upon  by  many  who  perused  it  as  little  better 
than  a  romance."  —  LOWNDES. 

Cockburn,  Patrick,  d.  1559,  Professor  of  the  Ori 
ental  languages  at  Paris,  was  considered  by  Dempster  and 
Bale  as  one  of  the  greatest  scholars  and  ablest  divines  of 
his  age.  Oratio  de  Utilitate  et  Excellentia  Verbi  Dei, 
Paris,  1551,  8vo.  De  Vulgari  Sacrae  Scripturae  Phrasi, 
Paris,  1552,  8vo.  In  Orationem  Dominicam,  pia  Meditatio, 
St.  And.,  1555,  12mo.  In  Symbolum  Apostolicum,  Com 
ment,  Lon.,  1561,  4to. 

"  He  was  so  well  seen  in  the  Latin,  Greek,  and  Hebrew  lan 
guages,  that  there  were  but  few  either  in  France  or  in  Europe,  that 
could  equal  him."  —  DEMPSTER. 

Cockburn's  works  are  rarely  to  be  met  with.  See  Orme's 
Bibl.  Bib. 

Cockburn,  Patrick,  d.  1749,  aged  71,  husband  of 
Mrs.  Catherine  Cockburn,  was  Vicar  of  Long-Horsley, 
Northumberland.  Penitential  Office,  Lon.,  1721,  8vo.  Pray 
ing  for  Superiors,  Ac.,  1728,  '39,  8vo.  An  Inquiry  into  the 
truth  and  certainty  of  the  Mosaic  Deluge,  1750,  8vo. 

"One  of  the  most  valuable  treatises  on  the  Deluge  that  has  been 
published."—  ORME:  Bibl.  Bib. 

Cockburn,  Robert.  An  Historical  Dissertation  on 
the  Books  of  the  N.  Testament;  vol.  i.,  1755,  8vo. 

Cockburn,  Thomas.     Sketch,  Ac.,  Lon.,  1813,  8vo. 
Cockburn,  William,  M.D.  (Economia  Corporis  Ani- 
mahs,  Lon.,  1695,  8vo.     Other  profess,  treatises,  1696-1732. 
'  WilUam*     ReiSn  of  Queen  Anne,  Lon., 


Cockburn,  William.     Serm.,  Edin.,  1712,  8vo. 

Cockburn,  William.  Clerk's  Assistant,  or  Practice 
of  the  Ecclesiastical  Courts,  Ac.,  Dubl.,  1753  gvo 

Cockburn,  William.  Essay  on  the  Epistles  of  lena 
tins,  Lon.,  1806,  8vo. 

"  An  excellent  tract,  tending  to  remove  every  shadow  of  reason 
able  doubt  from  a  subject  of  much  collateral  importance  to  religion  " 

Credibility  of  the  Jewish  Exodus  ;  in  answer  to  Gibbon, 
Ac.,  1809,  8vo.  Commended  in  Lowndes's  Bibl.  Man! 


Strictures  on  Clerical  Education  at  the  University  of  Cam- 
sridge,  1809,  8vo. 
'*  A  very  important  tract." 
Other  publications,  1802,  '09. 

Cockburn,  William,  D.D.,  Dean  of  York.  A  Letter 
to  Prof.  Buckland  concerning  the  Origin  of  the  World, 
Lon.,  1838,  8vo.  A  New  System  of  Geology,  dedicated  to 
Prof.  Sedgwick. 

Cockburn,  Sir  William,  of  Langtown.  Respub- 
lica  de  Decimis,  Edin.,  1627,  4to. 

Cocke,  Charles  George.  England's  Complete 
Lawyer  and  Law-Judge,  Lon.,  1656,  4to. 

Cocke, Thomas.   Kitchen  Physic,  Lon.,  1676, 12mo. 
Cocke,  William  Archer.    The  Constitutional  His 
tory  of  the  United  States,  from  the  Adoption  of  the  Articles 
of  Confederation  to  the  close  of  Jackson's  Administration, 
Phila.,  2  vols.  8vo:  vol.  i.,  1858. 

Cockell,  William,  M.D.  Professional  Essay,  Lon., 
1788,  4to. 

Cocker,  Edward,  1631-1677?  an  arithmetician  of 
London,  pub.  14  books  of  exercises  in  penmanship,  and 
several  educational  treatises.  He  is  best  known  by  his 
Vulgar  Arithmetic,  pub.  after  his  decease  by  his  friend 
John  Hawkins.  The  1st  ed.  (1677  or  1678)  is  very  rare. 
A  copy  sold  at  Puttick  and  Simpson's,  March,  1851,  for 
£8  10s.  The  52d  ed.  was  pub.  in  1748,  and  there  have 
been  several  reprints  since ;  the  last  of  which  we  have  any 
account  is  dated  Glasgow,  1777. 

"Ingenious  Cocker!  now  to  rest  thou'rt  gone, 
No  art  can  show  thee  fully  but  thy  own! 
Thy  rare  Arithmetick  alone  can  show 
The  vast  sums  of  thanks  we  for  thy  labour  owe." 
The  2d  ed.  of  his  Dictionary  was  pub.  in  1715  and  another 
in  1725. 

"  He  certainly  doth  hit  the  white 

Who  mingles  profit  with  delight." 

Cockerell,  Charles  Robert,  R.A.,  b.  1788,  Lon.; 
a  distinguished  architect.     Iconography  of  Wells  Cathe 
dral,  4to.     Descriptions  to  Michael  Angelo,  1857,  fol.     In 
connexion  with  J.  S.  Harford,  D.C.L. 
Cockerham,Henry.  Eng.  Dictionary,Lon.,1632,8vo. 
Cockes,  or  Cox,  Leonard.     The  Art  of  Crafte  of 
Rhetoryke,  Lon.,  1532, 12mo.    Com.  on  Lilly,  1540.    Trans, 
of  Erasmus's  Parap.  of  the  Epistle  to  Titus,  1549.     Marcus 
Eremita  de  Lege  et  Spiritu,  1540. 

Cockin,  or  Cokayne,  Francis.    Divine  Blossoms; 
a  prospect  of  a  looking-glass  for  youth,  Lon.,  1657,  12mo. 
Cockin,  Joseph.     Serm.,  1814,  8vo. 
Cockin,    William.      1.  Language.     2.  Arithmetic, 
1755,  '66. 

Cockings,  George.  War;  an  Heroic  Poem,  1760, 
8vo.  Arts,  Manufactures,  and  Commerce ;  a  Poem,  Lon., 
1769,  8vo.  The  Conquest  of  Canada,  or  the  Siege  of  Quebec  ; 
a  Tragedy,  Lon.,  1766,  8vo. 

Cockle,  Mrs.  The  Juvenile  Journal,  or  Tales  of  Truth, 
1807,  12mo. 

"  A  strict  observance  of  truth  in  the  most  trifling  as  well  as  the 
more  important  concerns  of  life  is  the  basis  of  every  moral  and 
religious  duty." 

Moral  Truths,  Ac.,  1810,  12mo. 

"  This  work  may  serve  to  show  that  the  performance  of  duty  is 
the  most  important  business  of  life." — Lon.  Critical  Review. 
Important  Studies  for  the  Female  Sex,  12mo. 
"  We  present  it  to  the  Female  World  as  a  worthy  companion  to 
Dr.  Gregory's  Legacy  to  his  Daughters,  and  as  a  friend  whose  pre 
cepts  would  lead  them  to  virtue,  honour,  and  happiness."— Anti* 
Jacobin  Review. 

Other  publications. 

Cockman,  Thomas,  D.D.,  Master  of  University  Col 
lege,  Oxford.  Serm.,  1733, 8vo.  Select  Theolog.  Discourses, 
1750,  2  vols.  8vo.     Trans,  of  Cicero's  Offices. 
Cockohan,  Thomas,  D.D.    Serm.,  Oxf.,  1733,  8vo 
Cockrile,  Richard.    Trigonometry,  1793,  8vo. 
Cocks.     Musical  Publications,  Lon. 
Cocks,  C.,  Prof,  of  Living  Languages  in  the  Royal 
Colleges  of  France.     Bordeaux,  its  Wines,  and  the  Claret 
Country,  Lon.,  1846,  p.  8vo.   Translations  from  the  French  : 
Ultramontanism,  by  E.  Quinet;  Priests,  Women,  and  Fa 
milies,  by  J.  Michelet;  The  People,  by  the  same;  Antonio 
Perez  and  Philip  II.  of  Spain,  by  M.  Mignet. 

"  This  remarkable  historiette  comes  recommended  to  the  general 
reader,  as  well  as  to  the  historical  student,  by  M.  Mignet's  very 
complete  mode  of  treatment  and  pleasing  style  of  composition, 
which  it  is  no  small  credit  to  Mr.  Cocks  to  have  so  well  preserved  in 
his  translation." — Lon.  Daily  News. 

Cocks,  John.    See  SOWERS,  LORD. 
Cocks,  Sir  Richard,  Bart.      Church  of  England 
Secured ;  2d  ed.,  Lon.,  1722,  8vo.     Discovery  of  the  Longi 
tude,  1721,  8vo.     Charge  to  the  G.  Jury,  1723. 

Cocks,  Sir  Robert,  D.D.     Serms.,  1714,  '15,  '16. 
Cocks,  Roger.     Hebdomada  Sacra;  aWeekesDevo* 


COO 

tion,  Lon.,  1630,  8vo.    Answer  to  A  Discourse  by  Sir  E. 
Peyton,  1642,  4to. 

Cocks,W.  P.  Treatise  on  Operative  Surgery,Lon.,8vo. 
«  An  assistant  teacher  for  the  student  in  anatomy  and  surgery— 
a  book  to  accompany  him  to  the  hospitals,  to  supply  the  defects  of 
experience  or  memory."— Lon.  Atlas. 

Anatomy  of  the  Brain,  <fcc.,  18mo.  Illustrations  of  Am 
putations,  8vo ;  of  Dislocations  and  Fractures,  8vo. 

Cockson,  Edward.  Quakerism  Dissected  and  laid 
open,  Lon.,  1708,  8vo. 

Cockson,  Thomas,  Surgeon.    Med.  Com.,  1775. 
Cockton,  Henry.     Love  Match,  Lon.,  8vo.     Sisters, 
8vo.    Stanley  Thorn,  1841,  3  vols.  p.  8vo.    Steward,  1850, 
8vo.  Sylvester  Sound,  1844,  8vo.  The  Ventriloquist;  being 
Life  and  Adventures  of  Valentine  Vox,  8vo,  1840.     Lady 
Felicia,185 1/52,  p.  8vo.  Percy  Effingham,1853,  2  vol.  p.  8vo. 
"  It  abounds  in  droll  scenes,  which  will  keep  the  most  melan 
choly  reader  in  a  side-aching  fit  of  laughter  as  long  as  he  has  the 
book  in  his  hands."— ion.  Times. 

"  One  of  the  most  amusing  works  we  have  ever  read."— Chmbndge 
Chronicle. 

Codes,  Barth.  Phisiognomie  Englished  by  Thomas 
Hyll;  s.  a.  an  ed.,  1613,  8vo.  Numerous  foreign  edits,  in 
Latin  and  French.  Chyromantia,  Lat.,  Ven.,  1525,  8vo. 
La  Geomantia,  Ven.,  1550,  8vo. 

Cocus  :  anglice,  Cock,  or  Cooke. 
Coddington,  William,  d.  1678,  aged  77,  the  principal 
of  the  first  eighteen  settlers  of  Rhode  Island,  and  its  first 
Governor.  A  Demonstration  of  True  Love  unto  you,  the 
Rulers  of  the  Colony  of  Massachusetts  in  New  England, 
1674,  4to.  See  Besse's  Sufferings  of  the  Quakers,  ii.  265- 
70;  Winthrop;  Hutchinson. 

Code,  H.  B.  Spanish  Patriots  a  thousand  years  ago ; 
an  Historical  Drama,  1812,  8vo. 

Codrington,  Christopher,  1668-1710,  a  native  of 
Barbadoes,  Fellow  of  All  Souls'  College,  1689 ;  left  £10,000 
to  his  college  for  the  erection  of  a  library,  and  his  West 
India  Estates  to  the  Society  for  the  Propagation  of  the 
Gospel  in  Foreign  Parts.  He  addressed  some  verses  to 
Garth  on  the  publication  of  bis  Dispensary,  and  is  the 
author  of  some  Latin  poems  in  the  Musae  Anglicanse,  1741 
Codrington,  Robert,  1602-1665,  was  educated  at 
Oxford.  Trans,  of  Du  Moulin's  Knowledge  of  God,  Lon. 
1634.  Life  and  Death  of  Robert,  Earl  of  Essex,  1646,  4to 
Heptameron,  1654,  8vo.  Life  of  Esop,  prefixed  to  Barlow's 
ed.  of  the  Fables,  1666,  fol.  A  Collec.  of  Proverbs,  1664, 
'85,  12mo.  Wood,  referring  to  the  Life  of  Essex,  remarks 
"In  this  book  Codrington  shows  himself  a  rank  parliamenteer.' 
"  His  account  is  not  only  defective  in  point  of  method,  but  is 
also  very  barren  of  facts,  such  only  excepted  as  are  collected  from 
the  news-writers  of  those  times." — PARK. 

The  Life  of  Essex  is  reprinted  in  the  Harl.  Miscel.,  vol.  i 
Codrington,  T.  A  Serm.  in  Catholick  Serms.,  (2  vols 
8vo,  Lon.,  1741,)  vol.  i.  259. 

Coe,  Richard.  Diary  relative  to  Waller's  Army,  1644 

Coe,  Richard,  of  Philadelphia,  has  pub.  a  numbe: 

of  poems  which  have  been  commended  as  possessing  un 

usual  merit.     The  Old  Farm-Gate :    Stories  and  Poems 

Phila.,  1852,  16mo.    ' 

Coe, Thomas,  M.D.  Dissert.  Inaug.  Medica,  Ac.,  Lugd 
Bat,,  1728,  4to.     Treat,  on  Biliary  Concretions,  1757,  8vo 
Coelson,  Launcelot.   Almanacks,  &c.,  1656,  '81,  '84 
Coffey,  Charles,  d.  1745,  an  Irish  dramatic  writer 
altered  a  number  of  plays,  of  which  The  Devil  to  Pay,  o 
the  Wives  Metamorphosed,  was  a  great  favourite,  chiefly 
on  account  of  the  character  of  "  Nell." 

Coffin,  J.  G.,  M.D.,  of  Boston,  Mass.,  d.  1829,  age 
59.  Cold  and  Warm  Bathing,  1818, 12mo.  Medical  Edu 
cation,  1822. 

Coffin,  Joshua.    See  LONGFELLOW,  HENRY  WADS- 
WORTH. 

Coffin,  Major  Pine.  Stutterheim's  account  of  th 
Battle  of  Austerlitz;  trans,  from  the  French,  1806,  8vo. 

Coffin,  Robert  S.,  1797  F-1857,  of  Brunswick,  Maine 

the  self-styled  "Boston  Bard."     Poems,  1826. 

Cogan,  E.     Serms.,  Ac.,  1789-1817. 

Cogan,  G.     Test,  of  Richard  Brothers,  1795,  8vo. 

Cogan,  Henry.     The  Scarlet  Gown:   Cardinals  o 

Rome,  Lon.,  1653,  8vo.     The  Voyage  and  Adventures  o 

Ferdinand  Mendez  Pinto  during  his  Twenty-One  Years 

Travel  in  Ethiopia,  China,  Tartaria,  Japan,  Ac.;  done  ink 

English  by  H.  C.,  Lon.,  1633,  fol.     Cervantes  calls  Pint 

"  The  Prince  of  Liars." 

Cogan,  Thomas,  an  English  physician,  d.  1607,  Fe] 
low  of  Oriel  College,  Oxford,  1563.  The  Haven  of  Health 
made  for  the  Comfort  of  Students ;  with  a  Censure  of  th 
late  Sickness  at  Oxford,  Ac.,  Lon.,  1586,  4to,  and  1589,  '96 
1605,  '12.  Cogan  wrote  some  other  pieces.  See  Athen.  Oxon 
26 


COK 

Cogan,  Thomas,  an  English  physician  and  divine, 
.  1818,  resided  much  of  his  time  in  Holland.  The  Rhine, 
r  a  Journey  from  Utrecht  to  Frankfort,  1791,  '92,  Lon., 
794,  2  vols.  8vo. 

"  The  style  of  this  work  is  lively  and  interesting :  its  pictures  of 
manners  and  scenery  good;  and  it  contains  a  learned  disquisition 
m  the  origin  of  printing."— STEVENSON  :  Voyages  and  Travels. 

A  Philosophical  Treatise  on  the  Passions,  Lon.,  1800, 8vo ; 
an  Ethical  ditto,  Bath,  1807-10,  8vo. 

"  Dr.  Cogan— an  adept  on  the  subject  of  morals."— ion.  Man.  Rev. 
The  Works  of  Camper,  trans,  from  the  Dutch,  Lon.,  1794, 
4to.     Theolog.  Disquisitions,  Lon.,  1812,  8vo. 

Cogerhall,  Henry.  Timher  Measure  and  Gauging, 
Lon.,  1677,  8vo. 

Coggeshall,  Capt.  George,  of  Connecticut,  h.  1784. 
Voyages  to  various  parts  of  the  World,  made  1799-1844, 
New  York,  1851,  '52,  2  vols.  8vo.  History  of  the  American 
Privateers,  and  Letters  of  Marque,  during  our  War  with 
England,  1812,  '13,  and  '14,  8vo :  Illustrated.  Religious 
and  Miscellaneous  Poetry. 

Coggeshall,  Wm.  T.,  b.  1824,  in  Penna.     Easy 
Warren  and  his  Contemporaries,  12mo,  N.  Y.     Spirit  Rap 
ping,  Gin.,  1851,  12mo.      Ed.  Genius  of  the   West.     Has 
ontributed  largely  to  Periodical  Literature. 

Coggeshalle,  Ralph,  d.  about  1228,  an  English 
Monk  and  Historian.  His  principal  work  is  A  History  of 
the  Holy  Land,  pub.  in  1729  in  vol.  v.  of  the  Amplissima 
Collectio  veterum  Scriptorum  et  Monumentorum ;  in  which 
are  two  other  works  of  his :  1.  Chronicou  Anglicanum  ab 
anno  1066  ad  annum  1200,  and  2.  Libellus  de  Motibus  An- 
glicanis  sub  Johanne  Rege. 

Coghlan,  Lucius,  D.D.     Serm.,  Lon.,  1810,  8vo. 
Coghlan,  R.  B.     Apology  for  Catholic  Faith,  Ac., 
1779,  12ino. 

Coglan,  Thomas.     Mnemonics,  Lon.",  1813,  8vo. 
Cogswell,  James,  D.D..  1720-1807,  of  Connecticut 
Funeral  Serm.  on  S.  Williams,  1776;  2d  ed.,  1806. 

Cogswell,  Joseph  Green,  LL.D.,  b.  in  Ipswich, 
Mass.;  grad.  at  Harvard  College,  1806;  was  Professor  of 
Mineralogy  and  Geology  in  his  alma  mater,  and  Librarian 
in  the  same  institution,  from  1821  to  '23.  In  1823,  in  con 
nexion  with  Mr.  George  Bancroft,  he  established  the  Round 
Hill  School  at  Northampton,  Mass.,  and,  after  Mr.  Bancroft's 
retirement  in  1830,  continued  it  by  himself  until  1836.  In 
1848  he  was  appointed  Superintendent  of  the  Astor  Library, 
(in  accordance  with  the  expressed  wish  of  the  founder,) — 
an  office  for  which  his  remarkable  attainments  in  Biblio 
graphy  eminently  qualify  him.  Dr.  Cogswell  has  been  a 
contributor  to  Blackwood's  Mag.,  the  N.  Amer.  Rev.,  the 
Monthly  Anthology,  and  the  N.  York  Rev.,  (ed.  by  him  for 
several  years  before  its  termination  in  1842.)  He  is  now 
employed  upon  a  Catalogue  of  the  Astor  Library,  to  be 
comprised  in  8  vols.  r.  8vo :  Authors  and  Books,  4  vols.  j 
Subjects,  4  vols. :  vols.  i.  and  ii.  were  pub.  1857-58. 

Cogswell,  William.  Christian  Philanthropist,  Bost, 
1839, 12mo.  Other  theological  publications. 

Cohen,  Bernard.  Compendium  of  the  Finances  of 
Great  Britain  and  other  Countries,  Lon.,  1822,  r.  8vo. 

Cohen,  L.  Sacred  Truths  addressed  to  the  Children 
of  Israel  in  the  Brit.  Empire,  1808,  12mo. 

Cohen,  Moses.     Serm.  on  Prov.  xx.  10,  1761,  4to. 
Cohen,  William.     Seventh  ed.  of  Fairman's  Funds 
trans,  at  the  Bk.  of  England,  Lon.,  1824,  8vo. 

Coilzear,  Rauf.  The  Taill  of  Rauf  Coilzear,  how 
he  harbreit  King  Charlis  Sanctandrois  be  Robert  Lekpreuik, 
1572,  4to.  Reprinted  in  Select  Remains  of  the  Ancient 
Popular  Poetry  of  Scotland ;  and  at  Edin.,  1821. 

Coit,  Thos.  Winthrop,  b.  N.  London,  Conn.;  grad. 
Yale  Coll.,  1821 ;  Prof.  Trin.  Coll. ;  Pres.  Transylvania  Univ. 
Theological  Common-Place  Book,  1832,  '57,  4to.  Remarks 
on  Norton's  Statement  of  Reasons,  1833,  8ro.  Bible  in  Para 
graphs  and  Parallelisms,  1834, 12mo :  see  Home's  Bibl.  Bib., 
88.  Townsend's  Chronological  Bible,  1837,  '38,  2  vols.  8vo. 
Puritanism ;  or,  A  Churchman's  Defence  against  its  As 
persions,  1844,  12mo.  Contrib.  Ch.  Rev.,  Churchman,  <fec. 
Cokain,  Cockaine,  Cockayn,  Cokaine,  or  Co- 
kayne,  Sir  Aston,  1608-1684,  a  native  of  Elvaston, 
Derbyshire,  was  educated  at  Trinity  College,  Cambridge. 
The  Obstinate  Lady;  a  Comedy,  Lon.,  1657, 12mo.  Trappo- 
lin,  1658, 12mo.  Small  Poems.  A  Chaine  of  Golden  Poems, 
Ac.,  1658.  Poems,  1662 ;  sold  at  Sotheby's  for  £7.  Choice 
Poems,  1669;  Bindley's  sale,  £3  17».  Ovid,  1669.  See 
notices  of  this  author  in'  the  British  Bibliographer,  vol.  ii., 
by  Sir  Egerton  Brydges. 

"His  days  seem  to  have  been  passed  between  his  bottle,  his  books, 
and  his  rhymes.  .  .  .  His  mind  appears  to  have  been  much  culti 
vated  with  learning;  and  it  is  clear  that  he  possessed  considerable 
talents :  but  he  exhibits  scarcely  any  marks  of  genius."—  Ubi  supra. 


COK 

'*  His  poems  may  perhaps  be  consulted  with  advantage  by  those  ' 
who  search  after  anecdotes  of  contemporary  characters." — Ettis's  • 
Specimens. 

The  following  is  so  conclusive  an  evidence  of  the  good  i 
taste  of  Sir  Aston,  that  we  quote  it  to  his  credit,  and  for  i 
the  benefit  of  our  readers.     After  reviewing  the  claims  of 
the  various  attractions  which  the  world  offers  to  its  votaries, 
he  thus  announces  his  own  preference: 

"  Give  me  a  study  of  good  books,  and  I 
Envy  to  none  their  hugg'd  felicity." 

Cokaine,  or  Cockaine,  Sir  Thomas.    A  Short 
Treatise  on  Hunting,  Lon.,  1591,  4to. 
Cokayne,  George.     See  COCKAYN. 
Cokayne,  William.    The  Foundation  of  Prudence 
Vindicated,  Lon.,  1649,  4to. 

Coke.    Circumcision  of  Mustapha,  Lon.,  1676,  fol.    Re 
printed  in  Harleian  Miscellany,  vol.  v. 

Coke,  Sir  Edward,  1551-52-1632,  a  native  of  Mile- 
ham,  Norfolk,  was  entered  of  Trinity  College,  Cambridge, 
in  1567;  became  a  member  of  the  Inner  Temple  in  1572; 
and  was  called  to  the  Bar  in  1578.  In  1593  he  was  elected  i 
a  Member  of  Parliament  for  Norfolk,  and  was  chosen  | 
Speaker  of  the  House  of  Commons.  In  1594  he  was  ap-  i 
pointed  Attorney-General,  notwithstanding  the  strenuous  j 
effort  of  the  Earl  of  Essex  to  secure  the  vacant  post  for 
Francis  Bacon.  Hence  arose  the  enmity  which  existed 
between  Coke  and  Bacon.  In  1598  he  was  left  a  widower, 
and  in  the  same  year  married  the  widow  of  Sir  William 
Hatton,  a  grand-daughter  of  Lord  High  Treasurer  Burleigh. 
Upon  the  accession  of  James  I.,  Coke  received  the  honour 
of  knighthood.  In  1603  he  conducted  the  proceedings 
against  Sir  Walter  Raleigh,  and  incurred  merited  censure  • 
for  his  professional  insolence.  In  1606  he  was  promoted 
to  the  Chief  Justiceship  of  the  Common  Pleas,  and  in  1613 
to  the  Chief  Justiceship  of  the  King's  Bench.  His  resist 
ance  to  the  arbitrary  and  illegal  acts  of  the  king  brought 
down  upon  him  the  royal  displeasure,  and  in  1622  he  was 
committed  to  the  Tower,  and  there  imprisoned  for  more 
than  seven  months.  In  1625  he  was  returned  to  Parliament 
for  Norfolk,  and  in  1629  represented  the  county  of  Buck 
ingham.  Though  now  in  his  79th  year,  an  attack  upon 
the  constitutional  rights  of  Englishmen  proved  that  his 
eagle  eye,  jealous  in  the  cause  of  liberty,  was  not  too  dim 
to  decipher  the  imperishable  lines  of  Magna  Charta,  and 
that  his  "  natural  strength  was  not  abated"  in  the  cham 
pionship  of  political  freedom.  At  the  close  of  this  session 
he  retired  to  his  estate  at  Stoke  Pogis,  where  he  devoted 
himself  to  literary  pursuits  until  the  coming  of  that  "  night 
when  no  man  can  work."  Repeating  with  his  last  breath 
the  solemn  invocation — "  Thy  kingdom  come,  thy  will  be 
done,"  he  resigned  his  soul  to  his  Maker  on  the  3d  of  Sep 
tember,  1632,  and  was  buried  at  Titeshall  Church  in  Nor 
folk.  His  principal  works  are  Reports  from  1600  to  1615. 
1.  A  Book  of  Entries,  1614,  fol.  2.  Complete  Copyholder, 
1630,  4to.  3.  A  Treatise  of  Bail  and  Mainprise,  1637,  4to. 
4.  Reading  on  the  Statute  of  Fines,  27  Edw.  I.,  1662,  4to. 
The  work  by  which  as  a  writer  he  is  principally  known  to 
the  present  generation,  and  will  be  famous  for  all  future 
ages,  is  Institutes  of  the  Laws  of  England,  in  four  parts, 
the  first  of  which  contains  the  Commentary  on  Littleton's 
Tenures,(1628,)  the  second,  a  Commentary  on  Magna  Charta 
and  other  statutes,  (1642,)  the  third,  the  Criminal  Laws, 
or  Pleas  of  the  Crown,  (1664,)  and  the  fourth,  an  Account 
of  the  Jurisdiction  of  all  the  Courts  in  the  Kingdom,  (about 
1644.)  The  first  part  of  the  Institutes,  or  Coke  upon  Lit- 
tleton,has  been  styled  "The  Bible  of  the  Law."  We  can 
hardly  do  justice  to  our  subject  without  noticing  this  cele 
brated  Commentary  somewhat  at  length.  The  edits,  from 
the  1st  to  the  14th  were  pub.  in  folio ;  those  pub.  subse 
quently  are  in  octavo.  Edit.  1st,  1628,  is  very  incorrect; 
2d,  1629,  had  the  advantage  of  the  author's  revision; 
14th  edit.,  with  Notes,  References,  Ac.  by  F.  HARGRAVE 
and  C.  BUTLER,  (q.  „.)  1789 ;  to  folio  195  by  Hargrave,  and 
from  196  to  the  end  by  Butler;  17th  edit.,  with  addit.  notes 
by  Charles  Butler,  2  vols.  8vo;  18th  ed.,  1823,2  vols.  8vo, 
and  1832,  2  vols.  8vo,  are  reprints  of  the  17th  edit,  with 
some  addits.  from  Butler  and  Hargrave's  Notes.  (See  arti 
cle  Coke  in  Marvin's  Legal  Bibl.)  Thomas's  Arrangement 
can  hardly  be  called  an  edit,  of  Coke.  American  edits. 
Phila.,  by  Thomas  Day,  1812,  3  vols.  8vo ;  this  is  a  reprint 
with  some  addits.  by  the  American  editor,  of  the  15th  Lon 
don  edit.  Phila.,  beautifully  printed  by  R.  H.  Small  from 
the  19th  London  edit.,  1853,  2  vols.  8vo.  We  trust  that 
the  publication  of  this  very  cheap  and  excellent  edit,  will 
have  a  tendency  to  increase  the  study  of  Coke  upon  Little 
ton  by  our  young  lawyers.  Although  belonging  to  the  lay 
class,  we  feel  a  deep  interest  that  those  who  are  intrusted 
to  so  large  an  extent  with  the  conservation  of  the  interests 
402 


COK 

of  society  should  become  deeply  imbued  with  the  wisdom 
and  the  courage  of  those  mighty  men  of  old,  who  in  the 
advocacy  of  what  they  knew  to  be  right,  treated  with  equal 
contempt  the  wrath  of  the  king  and  the  rage  of  the  popu 
lace.  When  the  judges  were  questioned,  whether  if  the 
king  should  desire  them  to  stay  proceedings  in  any  case 
before  them,  until  he  had  consulted  with  them,  they  would 
consent  to  such  interference,  all  answered  in  the  affirmative, 
until  it  came  to  the  turn  of  the  stout  Lord  Chief  Justice 
Coke,  who  courageously  responded  that, 

"  When  that  case  should  be,  he  would  do  that  should  be  fit  for 
a  judge  to  do." 

Did  any  freeman  ever  make  a  bolder  answer,  and  did 
any  lawyer  ever  make  a  wiser  one  ?  We  shall  quote  a  few 
from  the  many  testimonies  we  might  adduce  to  the  value 
of  the  professional  labours  of  this  great  ornament  of  the 
Bench  and  the  Bar: 

"  His  most  learned  and  laborious  works  on  the  law  will  last  to 
be  admired  by  judicious  posterity  whilst  Fame  hath  a  trumpet  left 
her.  and  any  breath  to  blow  therein.  His  judgment  lately  passed 
for  an  oracle  in  law ;  and  if,  since,  the  credit  thereof  hath  care 
lessly  been  questioned,  the  wonder  is  not  great.  If  the  prophet 
himself,  living  in  an  incredulous  age,  found  cause  to  complain, 
'Who  hath  believed  our  report?'  it  need  not  seem  strange  that 
our  licentious  times  have  afforded  some  to  shake  the  authenti- 
calness  of  the  '  reports'  of  any  earthly  judge." — Fuller's  Worthies  of 
Norfolk. 

Lord  Bacon,  whilst  praising  Coke's  large  and  fruitful 
mind,  complains  (though  not  with  reference  to  his  Com 
mentary)  of  his  habit  of  straying  from  his  text : 

"  When  you  wander,  as  you  often  delight  to  do,  you  wander  in 
deed,  and  give  never  such  satisfaction  as  the  curious  time  requires. 
This  is  not  caused  by  any  natural  defect,  but  first  for  want  of  elec 
tion,  when  you  have  a  large  and  fruitful  mind,  which  should  not 
so  much  labour  what  to  speak,  as  to  find  what  to  leave  unspoken." 
— LORD  BACON  :  Letter  to  Ooke. 

This  desultory  habit  is  very  perceptible  in  the  commen 
tary  upon  Littleton : 

"  The  Institutes  of  Sir  Edward  Coke  are  unfortunately  as  defi 
cient  in  method  as  they  are  rich  in  matter ;  at  least  the  two  first 
parts  of  them;  wherein,  acting  only  the  part  of  a  commentator, 
he  hath  thrown  together  an  infinite  treasure  of  learning  in  a  loose, 
desultory  order." — STR  WILLIAM  BLACKSTONE. 

This  want  of  method  induced  Mr.  J.  H.  Thomas  to  pre 
pare  a  Systematic  Arrangement  of  the  Commentary,  on  the 
Plan  of  Sir  Matthew  Hale's  Analysis,  Lon.,  1818,  3  vols. 
8vo.  American  edit,  Phila.,  1836,  3  vols.,  8vo.  We  can 
not  recommend  this  Arrangement  in  place  of  the  original 
to  the  legal  student  We  agree  with  Judge  Sharswood : 

"  It  may  be  that  the  original  wants  method; — but  the  life  and 
spirit  of  it  are  lost  when  it  is  hacked  to  pieces  to  be  refitted  to 
gether  upon  a  new  and  different  skeleton." 

For  notices  of  Coke's  Reports,  <fcc.,  we  refer  the  reader  to 
the  works  mentioned  below. 

"  A  knowledge  of  ancient  legal  learning  is  absolutely  necessary 
to  a  modern  lawyer.  Sir  Edward  Coke's  Commentary  upon  Lit 
tleton  is  an  immense  repository  of  every  thing  that  is  most  neces 
sary  or  useful  in  the  legal  learning  of  ancient  times.  Were  it  not 
for  his  writings,  we  should  still  have  to  search  for  it  in  the  vo 
luminous  and  chaotic  compilations  of  cases  contained  in  the  Year 
Books,  or  in  the  dry,  though  valuable  abridgments  of  Statham, 
Fitzberbert,  Brooke,  and  Rolle.  Every  person  who  has  attempted 
it  must  be  sensible  how  very  difficult  and  disgusting  it  is  to  pur 
sue  a  regular  investigation  of  any  point  of  law  through  these 
works.  The  writings  of  Coke  have  considerably  abridged,  if  not 
entirely  taken  away,  the  necessityof  this  labour."— CHARLES  BUTLER. 

Mr.  Butler,  who  declares  that  he  is  the  best  lawyer  who 
best  understands  Coke  upon  Littleton,  did  much  to  increase 
the  general  usefulness  of  Coke  : 

"  One  cannot  help  observing  how  much  the  annotations  of  Mr. 
Butler  excel  those  of  his  predecessor,  Mr.  Hargrave,  both  in  suc 
cinctness  of  order,  comprehensiveness  of  style,  and  elegance  of 
diction."— HAWKSHEAD. 

But  Mr.  Martin  dissents  from  this  judgment: 

"  Butlers  notes,  though  deservedly  esteemed,  were  confessedly 
too  hastily  prepared  to  reach  the  high  standard  of  his  predecessor. 
His  knowledge  appears  to  have  been  more  various  than  profound." 
See  Mart.  Conv. ;  Bart.  Com. ;  and  Ritso's  Introduction. 

"  Sir  Edward  Coke — that  great  oracle  of  our  law." — EDMUND 
BURKE  :  Reflections  on  the  Revolution  in  France. 

"  To  Coke's  opinion  I  must  attribute  more  than  to  any  single 
opinion  of  any  judge.  No  one  man  hath  deserved  so  well  of  the 
professors  of  the  law ;  no  one  man  in  any  human  profession  hath 
written  so  much  and  with  so  few  errors  as  he." — SIR  ORLANDO 
BRIPGMAN. 

We  may  properly  conclude  this  article  with  the  opinions 
of  some  eminent  American  Jurists : 

"The  Commentary  ought  to  be  studied  and  mastered  by  every 
lawyer  who  means  to  be  well  acquainted  with  the  reasons  and 
grounds  of  the  law,  and  to  adorn  the  noble  science  he  professes." 
— CHANCELLOR  KENT. 

"  His  favourite  law-book  was  the  Coke  upon  Littleton,  which  he 
had  read  many  times.  Its  principal  texts  he  had  treasured  up  m 
his  memory,  and  his  arguments  at  the  bar  abounded  with  per 
petual  recurrences  to  the  principles  and  analogies  drawn  from  this 
rich  mine  of  common  law  learning."—  Wheaton's  Life  of  Pinkney. 

'•  Let  not  the  American  student  of  law  suppose  that  the  same 
necessity  does  not  here  exist,  as  in  England,  to  make  this  'golden 


COK 


COL 


book'  his  principal  guide  in  the  real  law.  All  precedent  in  this 
country  contradicts  such  an  idea.  The  present  generation  of  dis 
tinguished  lawyers,  as  well  as  that  which  has  just  passed  away 
have  given  ample  proofs  of  their  familiarity  with  the  writings  of 
Lord  Coke;  and  our  numerous  volumes  of  reports  daily  illustrate 
that,  with  trivial  exceptions,  what  is  the  law  of  real  property  a 
Westminster  Hall  is  equally  so  in  the  various  tribunals  through 
out  our  extensive  country."— Hoffman's  Legal  Study. 

"  The  work  is  one  which  cannot  be  too  highly  prized  or  too  ear 
nestly  recommended  to  the  diligent  study  of  all  who  wish  to  be 
well  grounded  in  legal  principles.  For  myself,  I  agree  with  Mr 
Butler  in  the  opinion  that  he  is  the  best  lawyer  who  best  under 
stands  Coke  upon  Littleton."— JUDGE  SHARSWOOD. 

See  also  Johnson's  Life  of  Coke,  1845,  2  vols.  8vo;  War 
ren's  Law  Studies ;  Petersdorff  '&  Com. ;  Marvin's  Lega 
Bibl.;  Biog.  Brit.;  Lowndes's  Bibl.  Manual;  Lodge's  Il 
lustrations  ;  Bridgman's  Legal  Bibl. ;  The  Retrospective 
Review;  Roger  Coke's  (grandson  of  Lord  Coke)  Detection 
of  the  Court  and  State  of  England. 

Coke,  Georgius  Henricus.  Historia  Principum 
Anhaltinorum,  Jenae,  1686,  4to. 

Coke,  John.  The  Debate  betwene  the  Heraldes  of 
Englande  and  Fraunce,  Lon.,  1550,  16mo.  The  debate 
turns  upon  a  question  propounded  by  Lady  Prudence — 

"Which  realme  christened  is  most  worthy  to  be  ap 
proached  to  honoure  ?" 

The  decision,  of  course,  is  in  favour  of  "  Englande." 
Coke,  John.    Sylloge  variorum  Tractatum,  &c.,  1649, 
4to;  refers  to  the  murder  of  King.  Charles  I. 

Coke,  John,  M.D.  Treatise  on  Poisons,  Lon.,  1770, 
12mo. 

Coke,  Roger,  grandson  of  Sir  Edward  Coke.  Justice 
Vindicated,  Lon.,  1660,  fol.  How  the  Navigation  may  be 
Encreased,  Ac.,  1675,  4to. 

"  Though  wrong  in  his  suppositions  respecting  the  state  of  the 
cfcuntry,  Mr.  Coke  recommended  several  measures  fitted  to  promote 
its  improvement." — McCutloch's  Lit.  of  Polit.  Economy  ;  where  see 
other  treatises  of  Coke's  noticed. 

A  Detection  of  the  Court  and  State  of  England,  1694,  2 
vols.;  1719,  3  vols.  Svo. 

"  A  sort  of  secret  history,  engaging  to  an  Englishman,  naturally 
inquisitive,  curious,  and  greedy  of  scandal." 
Coke,  Thomas.  Serm.,  Prov.  xxi.  6,  1773,  Svo. 
Coke,  Thomas,  LL.D.,  1747-1814,  an  eminent  Wes- 
leyan  missionary,  a  native  of  Brecon,  South  Wales,  was 
educated  at  Jesus  College,  Oxford.  In  1780  he  was  ap 
pointed  by  John  Wesley  superintendent  of  the  London 
district.  In  1784  he  visited  America,  and  made  altogether 
nine  voyages  to  the  United  States  and  the  West  Indies  for 
missionary  purposes.  In  December  1813,  he  sailed  for 
Ceylon  with  six  preachers,  and  was  found  dead  in  his  cabin, 
May  3,  1814.  His  untiring  zeal  for  the  advancement  of 
religion  is  worthy  of  all  imitation.  Besides  some  extracts 
from  his  Journal,  &c.,  he  pub.  (in  conjunction  with  Henry 
Moore)  a  Life  of  John  Wesley,  Lon.,  1792,  Svo.  His 
principal  work  is  A  Commentary  on  the  Old  and  New 
Testaments,  Lon.,  1803,  6  vols.  4to. 

"  This  is  a  sensibly  written  work ;  but  neither  critical  nor  very 
profound.  After  the  exposition,  which  is  itself  rather  practical 
than  exegetical,  there  follows  what  he  calls  inferences,  and,  last 
of  all,  refactions.  Every  thing  important  in  the  work  might  have 
been  put  into  half  the  size." — ORME  :  Bill.  Bib. 

"  It  is  in  the  main  a  reprint  of  the  work  of  Dr.  Dodd,  with  seve 
ral  retrenchments  and  some  unimportant  additions.  Though  the 
major  part  of  the  notes,  and  even  the  dissertations  of  Dr.  Dodd  are 
here  republished  without  the  author's  name,  yet  all  the  marginal 
readings  and  parallel  texts  are  entirely  omitted."— DR.  ADAM 
CLARKE. 

Coke,  Thomas  W.,  Earl  of  Leicester.     Ad 
dresses  to  the  Freeholders  of  Norfolk,  1802. 
Coke,  Zachary.     The  Art  of  Logic,  Lon.,  1654, 4to 
Coker,  John.    1.  Remarks.    2.  Reflections,  Ac.,  1806, 
'10 ;  political  pieces. 

Coker,  Matthew.    A  Whip  of  Small  Cords  to  scourge 
Antichrist,  Lon.,  1654,  4to. 
"  The  writer  was  evidently  a  wild  enthusiast." 
A  Prophetical  Revelation  from  God,  1654,  4to. 
Coker,  N.     Survey  of  Dorsetshire,  Lon.,  1732,  fol. 
"  This  Survey  appears  to  have  been  finished  in  the  latter  end  of 
James  I.'s  reign."— DR.  WATT. 
"  A  very  incorrect  and  imperfect  work." — LOWNDES. 
Coker,  Thomas.     Sermon,  1721,  Svo. 
Colbatch.     Account  of  the  Court  of  Portugal  under 
the  Reign  of  Don  Pedro  II.,  1700,  Svo. 

Colbatch,  John,  a  London  surgeon,  wrote  several 
medical  treatises,  vindicating  the  theory  that  disease  in 
the  system  arises  principally  from  an  excess  of  the  alka 
lies  in  the  blood  and  humours.  He  liberally  administered 
acids  to  his  patients.  Collection  of  Med.  and  Chir.  Tracts 
Lon.,  1700,  Svo. 

Colbatch,  John*  D.D.     Theolog.  Treatises,  Cainb., 
1718-41. 
'  Colbeck,  Joseph,  Jun.     Poems,  1813. 


Colbert,  Jnn.  The  Age  of  Paper ;  or  an  Essay  on 
Banks  and  Banking,  Lon.,  Svo. 

Colborne,  Robert.   English  Dispensatory,  1753,  Svo. 
Colburne.     Discourse  upon  the  Catalogue  of  Doctors 
of  God's  Church,  shewing  the  Succession  of  the  Church. 
1589,  Svo. 

Colby,  H.  G.  O.  Practice  in  Civil  Actions  and  Pro 
ceedings  at  Law  in  Massachusetts,  Boston,  1848,  Svo. 

"  A  familiar  acquaintance  with  practice  is  one  of  the  most  strik 
ing  and  indispensable  qualifications  of  an  accomplished  lawyer. 
It  teaches  him  how  to  handle  his  weapons." 
Colby,  John.     Sermons,  1732,  12mo. 
Colby,  Samuel.     Sermons,  1708,  '09. 
Colby,  Capt.  Thomas,  and  Lt.  Col.  William 
Mudge.     Account  of  the  Operations  for  accomplishing 
the  Trigonometrical  Survey  of  England  and  Wales,  1800- 
08,  Lon.,  1799-1811,  3  vols.  4to. 
Colchester,  Lord.     See  ABBOT,  CHARLES. 
Colclough,  George.    Repentance,  Lon.,  157-,  12mo. 
Colden,  Alexander.    Examination  of  the  New  Doc 
trines  in  Philosophy  and  Theology  of  Priestley,  Lon., 
1793,  Svo. 

Colden,  Cadwallader,  1688-1776,  a  Scotch  physi 
cian,  educated  at  Edinburgh,  emigrated  to  Pennsylvania 
about  1708.  In  1718  he  removed  to  New  York,  and  was 
made  Lieutenant  Governor  in  1761,  and  again  in  1775. 
He  practised  medicine  in  early  life,  and  pub.  a  treatise  on 
the  Yellow  Fever,  which  prevailed  in  New  York  in  1743. 
He  was  a  zealous  botanist,  and  his  description  of  between 
300  and  400  American  plants  was  pub.  in  the  Acta  Upsa- 
liensia,  (1743.)  The  establishment  of  the  American  Philo 
sophical  Society,  located  at  Philadelphia,  was  chiefly  owing 
to  his  suggestions.  Dr.  Franklin  and  Colden  communi 
cated  to  each  other  their  experiments  in  Natural  Philoso 
phy.  The  History  of  the  five  Indian  Nations  depending 
upon  New  York,  New  York,  1727,  Svo;  reprinted  with  the 
2d  part  and  large  addits.,  in  1747,  Lon.,  Svo. 

"In  the  reprint,  the  dedication,  which  was  originally  to  Go 
vernor,  Burnet,  is  transferred  by  the  London  publisher  to  General 
Oglethorpe.  Mr.  Colden  complained  of  this,  as  well  as  of  some 
additions  [several  Indian  treaties]  which  were  made  to  the  London 
edition  without  his  knowledge  or  consent."— RICH  :  Americana 
Bibliotheca  Nova. 

The  3d  edit,  was  pub.  in  London  in  1755,  2  vols.  12mo. 
A  work  on  Gravitation,  <fcc,  New  York,  1745,  Svo ;  Lon., 
1752,  4to.  Con.  to  Med.  Obs.  and  Inq.,  1755.  See  Amer. 
Museum,  iii.  53-59 ;  Rees ;  Conduct  of  C.  Colden,  Esq., 
relating  to  the  Judges'  Commissions,  &c.j  Allen's  Amer. 
Biog.  Diet.;  Encycl.  Amer. 

Colden,  Cadwallader  D.  Life  of  Robert  Fulton, 
New  York,  1817,  Svo.  See  a  severe  critique  upon  this  work 
in  the  London  Quarterly  Review,  xix.  347. 

"  Although  our  readers  may  be  inclined  to  give  us  credit  for 
some  knowledge  of  our  transatlantic  brethren,  yet  we  can  honestly 
assure  them  we  were  not  quite  prepared  for  such  a  sally  as  this  of 
Cadwallader  Colden,  Esq."—  Ubi  supra. 

Cole.     English  and  Latin  Dictionary,  1677,  4to. 
Cole.     Oratio  de  Ridiculo,  Lon.,  1811,  4to. 
Cole,  Abdiah.     The  Rational  Physician's  Library, 
Lon.,  1661,  fol. 

Cole,  Benj.     Map  of  20  Miles  round  Oxford,  4to. 
Cole,  Christian.    Triumphant  Augustus;  a  Poem  on 
is  Majesty's  Return,  Lon.,  1695,  4to.    Memoirs  of  Affairs 
f  State,  1697-1707,  Lon.,  1723,  fol. 

Cole,  Charles  Nalson,  1722-1804,  educated  at  St. 
Tohn's  College,  Cambridge.     Laws  rel.  to  Bedford  Level 
orporation,  Lon.,  1761,  Svo;  1803,  Svo.     An  ed.  of  Dug- 
dale's  Embanking  of  Fens  and  Marshes,  <fec.,  1772,  fol. 
Works  of  Soame  Jenyns,  1790,  4  vols.  Svo. 

Cole,  Francis.  Prologue  and  Epilogue  to  a  Comedy, 
<fec.,  Lon.,  1642.  See  Restituta,  iv.  263. 

Cole,  Henry,  d.  1579,  a  learned  Roman  Catholic  di 
vine,  Perpetual  Fellow  of  New  College,  Oxford,  1523  • 
'rebendary  of  St.  Paul's,  1540;  Provost  of  Eton,  1554! 
disputation  with  Cranmer  and  Ridley  at  Oxford,  1554. 
funeral  Serm.  at  the  burning  of  Cranmer.  See  Fox's 
Acts  and  Monuments.  Letters  to  Bishop  Jewel,  Lon., 
.560,  Svo.  (In  Jewel's  Works.)  Letters  to  Bishop  Jew- 
il,  An  Answer,  &c.,  will  be  found  in  Burnet's  Hist,  of  the 
leformation. 

"Job.  Leland  the  antiquary  was  Dr.  Cole's  acquaintance  and 
taving  had  experience  of  his  learning,  hath  eternized  his  memory 
mong  other  learned  men  of  our  nation  and  of  his  time,  in  his 
)ook  of  Encomia's— to  which  the  curious  readeV  may  recur  if  he 
ilease,  wherein  he'll  find  a  just  character  of  this  our  author  Dr. 
!ole  and  his  learning." — Athen.  Oxon. 

Cole,  Henry.  Popular  Geology  Subversive  of  Divine 
levelation  :  a  Letter  to  Rev.  Adam  Sedgwick,  Lon.,  1834, 
!vo.  Luther's  Com.  on  the  Psalms ;  now  first  trans,  into 
English,  1837,  12mo. 


COL 


COL 


w  In  this  summary  Commentary  the  godly  reader  will  see  how 
blessedly  this  great  man  opened  and  taught  the  word  of  God." 

Observations  on  our  Public  Schools,  1846,  8vo. 

Cole,  Henry,  the  promoter  of  the  "Art  Manufac 
tures,"  and  editor  of  the  Journal  of  Design,  has  pub.  seve 
ral  useful  books  under  the  name  of  FELIX  SUMMERLT,  17.  v. 

Cole,  James  X.,  d.  1823,  aged  24,  a  native  of  Ca- 
nandaigua,  pub',  some  fugitive  poetry  in  the  New  York 
Statesman,  and  in  the  Ontario  Repository,  under  the  signa 
ture  of  Adrian. 

Cole,  John.     Mathemat,  Tracts,  1812,  8vo. 

Cole,  John.    Herveiania:  illustrative  of  the  Life  and 
Writings  of  Rev.  James  Hervey,  1822,  '23,  '26,  3  parts  8vo. 
Bibliographical  and  Descriptive  Tour  from  Scarborough, 
Ac.,  1824,  8vo.     The  Scarborough  Repository,  1824,  8vo.  ! 
The  Scarborough  Album  of  History,  1825,  p.  8vo.     Cata-  ] 
logue  of  a  Select  Portion  of  his  Collection  of  Books,  1825,  [ 
8vo.     Hist,  and  Antiquities  of  Ecton,  1825,  8vo.     Life,  ! 
Writings,  &c.  of  Thomas  Hinderwell,  1826,  8vo.     Anti 
quarian  Trio,  1826,  8vo.     Tour  round  Scarborough,  1826, 
8vo.     Book-Selling  Spiritualized,   1826,   8vo.     Hist,  and 
Antiq.  of  Weston  Fovell,  1827,  8vo.     Hist,  and  Antiq.  of  ! 
Filey,   1828,   8vo.     Catalogue  of  Standard  Books,  made  ; 
out  on  an  entirely  new  plan,  12mo.     Other  works.     See  ' 
Lowndes's  Bibl.  Man. 

Cole,  John  Webb.  Commentary  on  the  Prophecies 
and  the  New  Testament,  Ac.,  Lon.,  1826,  2  vols.  8vo. 

Cole,  Josiah.     Con.  to  Edin.  Med.  Ess.,  1736. 

Cole,  Mary.     Cookery,  Confectionary,  Ac.,  1789,  8vo. 

Cole,  Nathaniel.  Serms.  and  theolog.  treatises,  j 
1615-33. 

Cole,  Robert.    News  from  Ireland,  Lon.,  1642, 4to. 

Cole,  T.  Account  of  fat  Mr.  Bright,  Phil.  Trans.,  1751. 

Cole,  Thomas.  Serm.  against  Anabaptists,  Lon., 
1553,  8vo. 

Cole,  Thomas,  Archd.  of  Essex.    Serm.,  Lon.,  1564. 

Cole,  Thomas,  d.  1697,  student  of  Christ  Church, 
Oxford;  Principal  of  St.  Mary's  Hall,  1656;  ejected  for 
Nonconformity,  1660;  Tutor  to  John  Locke.  Three  of 
his  serms.  are  in  the  Morning  Exercises.  Discourse  of  Re 
generation,  Faith,  and  Repentance,  Lon.,  1689. 

"  Highly  evangelical  and  judicious." — DR.  E.  WILLIAMS. 

Cole,  Thomas.     Sermons,  1683,  '90,  '93. 

Cole,  Thomas.    British  Herring-Fishery,  Lon.,  1753. 

Cole,  Thomas.  Discourses.  Poems,  Lon.,  1762, '95, '97. 

Cole,  Thomas,  1801-1847,  artist  and  author,  b. 
in  Lancashire,  Eng.;  settled  in  the  U.S.,  1819.  The  Spirit 
of  the  Wilderness;  a  Dramatic  Poem,  MS.,  1835.  See  Eulogy 
by  Wm.  C.  Bryant,  and  Life  and  Works,  by  his  friend,  Rev. 
L.  L.  Noble,  N.Y.,  1855, 12mo. 

Cole,  William.     The  Irish  Cabinet,  Lon.,  1645,  fol. 

Cole,  William,  1628-1662,  an  English  botanist,  en 
tered  of  Merton  College.  Oxford,  1642;  secretary  to  Duppa, 
Bishop  of  Winchester,  1660.  The  Art  of  Simpling,  Lon., 
1656,  12mo.  Adam  in  Eden,  or  Nature's  Paradise :  the 
Hist,  of  Plants,  Herbs,  and  Flowers,  1657,  fol.  This  work 
was  a  favourite  in  its  day. 

"  Cole  became  the  most  famous  simpler  or  botanist  of  his  time." 

Cole,  William,  M.D.,  graduated  at  Oxford,  1666, 
practised  at  Bristol.  De  Secretione  Animali  Cogitati, 
Oxon.,  1674,  8vo.  Purpurea  Anglicana ;  on  a  Fish  found 
near  the  Severn,  Lon.,  1689,  4to.  De  Mechanica,  Ac.,  1693, 
8vo.  Treatise  on  Apoplexies,  1689,  8vo  ;  on  Fevers,  1693, 
8vo.  Epilepsy,  1702,  8vo.  Con.  to  Phil.  Trans.,  1676,  '85. 

Cole,  William.     Rod  for  the  Lawyers,  1659,  4to. 

Cole,  William.     Impris.  for  Debt,  1680,  4to. 

Cole,  William,  1714-1782,  an  eminent  antiquary  and 
a  divine,  a  native  of  Cambridgeshire,  was  educated  at  Clare 
Hall  and  King's  College,  Cambridge;  F.S.A.,  1747;  Rec 
tor  of  Hornsey,  1749 ;  of  Bletchley,  1767 ;  Vicar  of  Burn- 
ham,  1774.  In  1765  he  accompanied  his  friend  Horace 
Walpole  to  France,  and  had  some  thoughts  of  a  permanent 
residence  there;  probably  in  consequence  of  his  partiality 
for  the  Roman  Catholic  religion.  He  was  an  industrious 


Gentlemen's  Society  at  Spalding;  Nichols's  Collection  of 
Poems ;  Anecdotes  of  Hogarth ;  History  of  Hinkley ;  Life 
of  Bowyer,  Ac.  He  was  a  zealous  collector  of  portraits, 
and  the  letters  between  Horace  Walpole  and  himself  are 
sufficiently  amusing,  especially  that  relating  to  the  "  Alge- 
rine  Hog,"  who  carried  off  "  187  of  my  most  valuable  and 
favourite  heads."  The  following  extracts  from  two  of  the 
letters  of  these  friends  will  not  be  unacceptable  to  the 
reader : 

"  My  poor  dear  Madame  du  Deffand's  little  dog  is  arrived.    She 
made  me  promise  to  take  care  of  it,  the  last  time  I  saw  her,  should 
404 


I  survive  her.    That  I  will,  most  religiously,  and  make  it  as  happy 
as  it  is  possible." — Horace.  Walpole  to  Cole,  May  4,  1781. 

"  I  congratulate  the  little  Parisian  dog  that  he  has  fallen  into 
the  hands  of  so  humane  a  master.  I  have  a  little  diminutive  dog, 
Busy,  full  as  great  a  favourite,  and  never  out  of  my  lap.  I  have 
already,  in  case  of  an  accident,  ensured  it  a  refuge  from  starvation 
and  ill  usage.  It  is  the  least  we  can  do  for  poor  harmless,  shiftless, 
pampered  animals,  that  have  amused  us,  and  we  have  spoilt." — 
Cole  to  Walpole,  May  7, 1781. 

"  How  could  be  ever  bare  got  through  the  transcript  of  a  Bishop's 
Register  or  a  Chartulary,  with  Busy  on  his  lap?"  See  Nichols's 
Literary  Anecdotes. 

Cole  made  large  MS.  Collections  for  the  compilation  of 
an  Athenae  Cantabrigienses.  We  have  already  strenuously 
insisted  upon  the  preparation  of  a  work  of  this  kind,  (see 
BAKER,  THOMAS,  Ac.,)  and  never  intend  to  be  satisfied 
until  such  an  one  we  have  !  Cole  also  collected  towards  a 
county  history  of  Cambridge,  and  seems  to  have  commenced 
both  this  and  the  preceding  compilation  as  early  as  1724. 
His  "purposes  were  not  broken  off  in  the  midst,"  but  like 
THOMAS  BAKER'S  (q.  v.)  delayed  until  death  would  wait 
no  longer.  He  left  100  small  folio  volumes  of  MSS.,  more 
than  50  of  which  relate  to  his  projected  Athenae.  In  a  fit 
of  despondency  respecting  the  completion  of  his  labours, 
he  thus  laments : 

"  In  good  truth,  whoever  undertakes  this  drudgery  of  an  Athenae 
Cantabrigienses  must  be  contented  with  no  prospect  of  credit  and 
reputation  to  himself,  and  with  the  mortifying  reflection  that  after 
all  his  pains  and  study,  through  life,  he  must  be  looked  upon  in 
an  humble  light,  and  only  as  a  journeymen  to  Anthony  Wood, 
whose  excellent  book  of  the  same  sort  will  ever  preclude  any  other, 
who  shall  follow  him  in  the  same  track,  from  all  hopes  of  fame ;  and 
will  only  represent  him  as  an  imitator  of  so  original  a  pattern,  for 
at  this  time  of  day,  all  great  characters,  both  Cantabrigians  and 
Oxonians,  are  already  published  to  the  world,  either  in  his  book, 
or  various  others ;  so  that  the  collection,  unless  the  same  characters 
are  reprinted  here,  must  be  made  up  of  second-rate  persons,  and 
the  refuse  of  authorship.  However,  as  I  have  begun,  and  made 
so  large  a  progress  in  this  undertaking,  it  is  death  to  think  of  leav 
ing  it  off, — though,  from  the  former  considerations,  so  little  credit 
is  to  be  expected  from  it." — Quoted  by  Disraeli  from  a  fly-leaf  of 
1777.  See  Miscellanies  of  Literature. 

Now,  no  one  could  better  confute  this  sophistry  than  Cole 
could,  and  did  himself  by  his  protracted  labours.  When 
will  some  Cambridge  man,  endued  with  the  spirit  of  John 
Caius, — vide  De  Antiquitate  Cantabrigienses  Academicse, 
— arise  to  take  away  the  reproach  from  his  alma  mater? 

Cole,  William.    Nature  of  Light,  Col.,  1777,  8vo. 

Cole,  William.     Key  to  the  Psalms,  Camb.,  1788, 

vo.     Poems,  Ac.,  1790,  '96,  '99.     Con.  to  Archseol.,  1789 : 

The  Horns  given  by  Henry  I.  to  the  Cathedral  of  Carlisle. 

Cole,  William,  D.D.,  Preb.  Westminster.  Serm.,  1798, 

Cole,Williain.  Conversations  on  Algebra,]  818,12mo. 

Colebrook,  Sir  George.  Letters  on  Intolerance, 
Lon.,  1791,  8vo. 

Colebrook,  Josiah.     Antiquarian,  Astronom.,  and 
Medical  Con.  to  Archaeol.,1772,  '76;  Phil.  Trans.,  1759. 
Colebrooke,Henrietta.  Thoughts  of  Rousseau,17S8. 

Colebrooke,  Henry  Thomas,  1765-1837,  an 
eminent  Oriental  scholar,  settled  in  India  in  1782,  and 
held  many  high  positions  there.  He  completed  the  Digest 
of  the  Hindu  Law  on  Contracts  and  Successions,  from  the 
Original  Sanscrit,  which  was  left  unfinished  by  the  death 
of  Sir  William  Jones,  Calcutta,  1797,  3  vols.  8vo;  Lon., 
1801,  3  vols.  8vo.  2.  Collection  of  Compositions  in  Sans 
crit,  Ac.,  Calcutta,  1804,  4to.  3.  Grammar  of  the  Sanscrit 
Language,  Calcutta,  1805,  fol.  4.  Dictionary  of  the  Sans 
crit  Language,  Calcutta,*  1808,  4to.  Also  several  other 
Oriental  works,  and  many  contributions  Oriental,  scien 
tific,  and  literary.  5.  Remarks  on  the  Husbandry  and  In 
ternal  Commerce  of  Bengal,  Lon.,  1806,  8vo. 

"  Notwithstanding  the  lapse  of  nearly  half  a  century  since  its 
publication,  Mr.  Colebrooke's  account  of  the  husbandry  and  internal 
commerce  of  Bengal  continues  to  be  by  far  the  best  and  most  trust 
worthy  work  on  the  subject." — McCuLLOCH :  Lit.  of  Polit.  Econ. 

Miscellaneous  Essays,  Lon.,  1837,  2  vols.  8vo. 

Colebrooke,  Robert.  On  Barren  Island  and  its 
Volcano :  Trans,  of  the  Soc.  of  Bengal,  iv.  397. 

Coleeber.     Existence  and  Nature  of  God,  1718,  8vo. 

Coleire,  Richard,  of  Isleworth.     Serms.,  1708^t5. 

Coleman.     Letters  to  M.  Le  Chaise,  1678,  4to. 

Coleman,  Benjamin.     Serms.,  1717,  '28,  '35. 

Coleman,  Charles.  Satirical  Peerage  of  England, 
1784,  4to. 

Coleman,  Charles.     Serms.,  1817,  8vo. 

Coleman,  Charles.  Mythology  of  the  Hindus,  Lon., 
1832,  4to.  Commended  by  Lon.  Athn. 

Coleman, Edward.  Legacies;  a  Poem,  Ac.,  1679,  fol. 

Coleman,  Edward.  Foot  of  the  Horse,  1798-1802, 
2  vols.  4to. 

"An  esteemed  work." — LOWNDES. 

Other  veterinary,  Ac.  works,  1791,  1800,  '01. 

Coleman,  J.  N.   Serms.,  Doct.  and  Pract.,  1827,  8vo. 


COL 

Colcman,  John,  D.D.,  b.  1803,  at  Baltimore,  Md.,  an 
Episcopal  clergyman  of  great  worth  and  talents,  resident 
in  St.  Louis.  Editor  of  Faber's  Difficulties  of  Roman 
ism,  with  an  Introductory  Essay,  Phila.,  1840;  of  the 
Episcopal  Manual  by  Dr.  Wilmer,  with  addits.  and  emen 
dations,  1841.  Contributions  to  various  religious  journals. 
Editor  of  the  Banner  of  the  Cross,  Phila.,  in  conjunction 
with  the  Rev.  Frederick  Ogilby. 

Coleman,  Lyman,  D.D.,  born  1796,  Mass.,  grad. 
Yale  Coll.,  after  which,  during  three  years,  he  was  Princi 
pal  in  the  Latin  Gram.  School  at  Hartford ;  was  then  more 
than  four  years  tutor  in  Yale  Coll.,  where  he  studied  theo 
logy  ;  was  pastor  of  a  church  in  Belchertown,  Mass.,  for 
eeven  years ;  Principal  of  the  Burr  Seminary  in  Vermont 
five  years  ;  Principal  of  the  English  Department  of  Phillips 
Academy  in  Andover;  spent  a  year  in  study  in  Germany, 
and  in  travel;  Professor  of  German  in  Princeton  Coll., 
from  which  he  received  the  degree  of  S.T.D.  1.  Antiquities 
of  the  Christian  Church,  (trans,  from  the  German;  pub.  in 
Ward's  Library  of  Standard  Divinity :  see  Williams's  Christ. 
Preacher.) 2.  The  Apostolical  and  Primitive  Church,  12mo; 
with  an  Introduc.  Essay  by  Dr.  Augustus  Neander,  Prof. 
Univ.  of  Berlin. 

"  Its  well  digested,  and  rightly  applied,  learning,  catholic  spirit, 
and  comprehensive  plan,  cannot  fail  to  place  it  among  standard 
works  in  its  particular  department,  and  to  render  it  subservient  to 
the  final  triumph  of  Scriptural  Christianity." — JOHN  HARRIS,  D.D. 

"  It  is  too  calm,  judicious,  and  scholar-like  a  production  to  be 
allowed  to  remain  unanswered  with  safety." — Lon.  Quar.  Review, 
July,  1844. 

3.  Hist,  Geog.  of  the  Bible,  Phila.,  1850,  12mo,  pp.  516. 
4.  Ancient  Christianity,  Phila.,  1852,  8vo,  pp.  645. 

"  It  is  the  fruit  of  laborious  and  conscientious  research.  It  is 
based  upon  a  diligent  study  of  the  sources  of  Christian  archaeology ; 
and  it  presents  the  results  in  a  form  better  adapted  to  our  practical 
needs  than  any  similar  work.  It  is  clear  and  also  candid  in  its 
statements." — Bibliotheca  Sacra,  Jan.  1853. 

"  We  know  of  no  work  in  our  language  which  contains  the  same 
amount  of  information  on  the  Antiquities  of  the  Church.  It  is  a 
work  which, we  doubt  not,  will  long  remain  without  a  rival  in  that 
field." — Princeton  Review. 

5.  Historical  Text-Book  and  Atlas  of  Biblical  Geography, 
Phila.,  1854,  r.  8vo;  new  ed.,  revised,  with  Appendix,  1859. 

'•  Dr.  Coleman's  style  is  easy,  and  adapted  to  the  subject.  As  he 
recapitulates  and  unfolds  the  statements  of  the  Sacred  writers,  in 
the  form  of  a  continuous  narrative,  the  reader  finds  himself  borne 
along  by  the  story,  with  unflagging  interest,  from  beginning  to 
end,  while  so  many  new  lights  are  thrown  upon  the  subject  from 
the  discoveries  of  modern  research  that  he  hardly  remembers  that 
they  are  the  same  topics  about  which  he  has  been  reading  and 
hearing  all  his  life."— Christian  Review. 

Coleman,  Thomas,  1598-1647,  a  Puritan  divine,  a 
native  of  Oxford,  was  Vicar  of  Blyton,  and  subsequently 
Rector  of  St.  Peter's,  Cornhill,  London.  Serins,  and  theo- 
log.  treatises,  1643-46. 

Colenso,  John  William,  Rector  of  Forncett  St. 
Mary,  Norfolk.  Works  on  Arithmetic,  Algebra,  and  Plane 
Trigonometry  for  schools,  Lon. 

Coleny,  Thomas.  England  and  other  northern  re 
formed  Countries  reconciled  to  Rome,  Coimbra,  1738,  8vo 

Colepepper,  J.  S.     Important  Facts,  1793,  8vo. 

Colepepyr,  Robert.    Proposals  rel.  to  Harbours  fol 

Colepresse,  S.  Con.  to  Phil.  Trans.,  1667,  Svo; 
Chemistry,  Magnetism,  <fcc. 

Coler,  Richard.     Christian  Experience,  1652. ' 

Coleraine,  Henry  Hare,  Lord.  La  Scala  Santa  ; 
a  scale  of  Devotions  upon  the  15  Psalms  of  degrees  Lon 
1670,  '81,  fol.  The  situation  of  Paradise  found  out  •'  beinz 
the  History  of  a  Late  Pilgrimage  to  the  Holy  Land,  1683 
™°"T  ^•T-1'  rh^S  ^e£.attributed  to  Lord  Coleraine. 
Mr.  Todd,  in  his  Life  of  Milton,  points  this  work  out  as 
being  the  earliest  that  notices  Milton's  Paradise  Lost 

Coleridge,  Rev.  Derwent,  son  of  Samuel  Taylor 
Coleridge,  (q.v.;)  b.  1800,  and  finished  his  education  at 
St.  John's  College,  Cambridge;  Prebendary  of  St.  Paul's, 
and  Principal  of  St.  Mark's  College,  Chelsea.  The  Scrip 
tural  Character  of  the  English  Church  Considered:  in  a 
Series  of  Serms.,  with  Notes,  Ac.,  Lon.,  1839,  8vo. 

'•  Written  exclusively  for  perusal,  and  arranged  as  a  connected 
whole." 

Lay  Serms. ;   3d  ed.,  1852.     Ed.  S.  T.  Coleridge's  Dra 
matic  Works,   1852,   12mo.     Notes  on  English  Divines, 
1853,  2  vols.  12mo.     Poems  by  S.  T.  Coleridge,  edited  by  I 
Derwent  and  Sara  Coleridge,  1852,  12mo. 

Coleridge,  Hartley,  1796-1849,  eldest  son  of  Samuel : 
Taylor  Coleridge,  was  educated  at  Oriel  College,  Oxford.  ! 
He  lived  a  secluded  life  at  Grasmere,  and  on  the  banks  of 
Rydal  Water,  contributing  to  Blackwood's  Magazine,  and  i 
occupied  with  other  literary  pursuits.  He  was  a  poet  of  ! 
no  ordinary  excellence,  and  his  sonnets  are  among  the 
best  in  modern  literature.  We  may  instance  The  First 


COL 

Sound  to  the  Human  Ear,  and  Prayer.  Mr.  Coleridge 
pub.  Biographia  Borealis  ;  or,  Lives  of  Distinguished  North 
men,  1833,  4to.  Poems:  vol.  i.,  Leeds,  1833,  8vo.  The 
Worthies  of  Yorkshire  and  Lancashire,  1836,  8vo;  new  ed., 
by  Derwent  Coleridge,  Lon.,  1852,  3  vols.  12mo. 

"This  collection  of  Lives  is,  in  our  judgment,  a  work  of  such 
unusual  merit,  that  it  seems  equally  an  act  of  justice  to  the 
author,  and  a  service  to  sound  literature,  to  rescue  it  from  the 
mass  of  county  histories  and  provincial  biographies,  with  which, 
in  consequence  of  its  title,  it  runs  the  risk  of  being  confounded." 
—  Quarterly  Review. 

"  It  is  a  book  which  has  every  title  to  be  popular  which  a  light 
and  interesting  subject,  singular  fulness  and  variety  of  interesting 
matter,  and  a  playful  brilliancy  of  execution,  can  give."  —  Edin 
burgh  Review. 

"  As  a  poet  Hartley  Coleridge  holds  a  more  than  respectable 
rank.  Some  of  his  pieces  are  exquisitely  beautiful,  and  there  are 
not  many  sonnets  in  the  language  more  highly  finished  than  his: 
in  these,  indeed,  his  chief  strength  lies."  —  Eng.  Lit.  IQth  Century. 

"  Though  we  do  not  rank  Hartley  Coleridge  with  the  greatest 
poets,  the  most  profound  thinkers,  or  the  most  brilliant  essayists, 
yet  we  know  of  no  single  man  who  has  left,  as  his  legacy  to  the 
world,  at  once  poems  so  graceful,  thoughts  so  just,  and  essays  so 
delectable."  —  Frasers  Mag.:  reprinted  in  Living  Age,  xxx.  145. 
Read  this  article.  See  an  interesting  sketch  of  Hartley  Coleridge, 
by  a  personal  acquaintance,  George  S.  Hillard,  in  Living  Age, 
xxi.  161. 

Life  of  Andrew  Marvell,  Hull,  1835,  8vo.  Essays  and 
Marginalia,  edited  by  Derwent  Coleridge,  1  851,  2  vols.  p.  8vo. 

See  Poems  of  Hartley  Coleridge,  with  Life  by  his  bro 
ther,  Rev.  D.  Coleridge,  Lon.,  1850,  2  vols.  12mo. 

Coleridge,  Henry  Nelson,  d.  1843,  nephew  of 
Samuel  Taylor  Coleridge,  was  educated  at  Eton  and  at 
King's  College,  Cambridge,  where  he  became  Fellow.  He 
accompanied  WILLIAM  HART  COLERIDGE,  Bishop  of  Barba- 
does,  (q.  v.)  on  his  outward  voyage.  We  have  the  impres 
sions  he  derived,  in  his  work  entitled,  Six  Months  in  the 
West  Indies  in  1825  ;  anon.  :  3d  ed.,  with  the  author's  name, 
1832  ;  now  one  of  the  series  of  Murray's  Family  Library. 
He  was  called  to  the  bar  by  the  Hon.  Society  of  the  Mid 
dle  Temple  in  1826.  Mr.  Coleridge  married  his  cousin 
SARA  HENRY,  daughter  of  Samuel  Taylor  Coleridge.  (She 
is  noticed  on  p.  406.)  As  editor  of  many  of  his  uncle's  writ 
ings,  the  public  are  under  great  obligations  to  Mr.  Coleridge. 
He  edited  his  Literary  Remains,  Lon.,  1836-39,  4  vols.  8vo  ; 
The  Friend,  1844,  3  vols.  8vo  ;  Constitution  of  Church  and 
State,  1839,  Svo;  Biographia  Literaria  ;  2ded.,  edited  partly 
by  H.  N.  C.,  and  completed  by  his  widow,  1847,  2  vols.  in  3, 
Svo;  Confessions  of  an  Inquiring  Spirit,  1849,  Svo.  Mr. 
Coleridge  contributed  to  the  Quarterly  Review,  and  was  au 
thor  of  an  excellent  Introduction  to  the  Study  of  the  Greek 
Classic  Poets;  1st  ed.,  1830;  3d  ed.,  Lon.,  1846,  Svo. 

"  Written  in  that  fresh  and  ardent  spirit,  which  to  the  congenial 
mind  of  youth,  will  convey  instruction  in  the  most  effective 
manner,  by  awakening  the  desire  of  it,  and  by  enlisting  the  lively 
and  buoyant  feelings  in  the  cause  of  useful  and  improving  study; 
while  by  its  pregnant  brevity,  it  is  more  likely  to  stimulate  than 
to  supersede  more  profound  and  extensive  research.  We  shall  be 
much  mistaken  if  it  does  not  become  as  popular  as  it  is  useful."— 
Quarterly  Review. 

Coleridge,  James  Duke,  Vicar  of  Kenwin  and  Kea, 
Cornwall.  Observations  of  a  Parish  Priest,  or  Scenes  of 
Sickness  and  Death,  Truro,  12mo.  Practical  Advice  to  the 
Young  Parish  Priest,  Lon.,  1834,  12mo. 

Coleridge,  Sir  John  Taylor,  b.  1790,  nephew  of 
S.  T.  Coleridge,  grad.  at  Oxford.  Ed.  Blackstone's  Com 
mentaries,  with  Notes,  Lon.,  1825,  4  vols.  Svo. 

Coleridge,  John,  Vicar  of  Otter'y  St.  Mary;  father 
of  Samuel  Taylor  Coleridge.  A  Critical  Latin  Grammar. 

"  By  no  means  an  ordinary  production."  —  Lon.  Gent.  Mag. 

Miscellaneous  Dissertations  arising  from  the  17th  and 
18th  Chapters  of  the  Book  of  Judges,  Lon.,  1768,  Svo. 

"  These  dissertations  contain  a  new  translation   of  the  above 

chapters,  with  critical  remarks  on  them  and  on  a  number  of  other 

assages;   besides  disquisitions  on  the  Proseuchze,  or  the  Star 

ods;  on  the  conversive  Vau,  and  some  other  subjects      The 

author  appears  to  have  been  a  man  of  learning  and  research."— 

Orme  s  biol.  Bib. 


t«  Samuel  Taylor,  son  of  the  preceding, 

1772-1834,  one  of  the  most  distinguished  literary  charac 
ters  of  modern  days,  was  a  native  of  the  market-town  of  Ot- 
tery  St.  Mary,  m  Devonshire.  He  received  his  early  edu 
cation  at  Christ's  Hospital,  where  he  became  senior-Gre 
cian,  or  head  scholar,  and  obtained  an  exhibition  to  Jesus 
College,  Cambridge,  where  he  remained  from  1791  to  1793. 
finding  himself  in  London  without  resources  or  prospects, 
he  enlisted  in  the  15th  Elliot's  Light  Dragoons.  That  he 
was  not  happy  in  this  situation,  may  be  inferred  from  a 
Latin  sentence  which  he  one  day  wrote  on  the  stable-wall 
under  his  saddle  : 

"Eheu!  quam  infortuni  miserrimum  est  fuisse  felicem!" 
-I  his  scrap  of  learning  elicited  an  inquiry  on  the  part  of 
his  captain,  which  led  to  the   restoration  of  the   young 
scholar  to  his  friends.     In  1794  he  published  The  Fall  of 


COL 


COL 


Robespierre,  a  Hist.  Drama,  and  a  volume  of  Poems ;  and 
in  the  next  year  two  political  pamphlets — Conciones  ad 
Populum,  or  Addresses  to  the  People,  and  a  Protest  against 
certain  Bills  then  pending  for  Suppressing  Seditious 
Meetings.  At  that  time  he  was  a  zealous  Democrat  and  | 
a  Unitarian,  with  which  sentiments  his  later  tenets  pre 
sented  a  remarkable  contrast.  Hunger,  however,  is 
stronger  than  speculation,  and  as  a  means  of  livelihood, 
our  young  enthusiast — who,  with  Southey,  Wordsworth, 
and  Lovell,  had  contemplated  the  establishment  of  a  Pan- 
tisocracy  on  the  banks  of  the  Susquehanna — consented  to 
write  politics  for  the  Morning  Post,  a  supporter  of  Govern 
ment.  The  three  friends,  instead  of  emigrating,  married 
three  sisters,  Misses  Fricker  of  Bristol.  In  1798,  by  the 
liberality  of  Josiah  and  Thomas  Wedgewood,  he  was 
enabled  to  spend  some  time  in  Germany,  where  he  pursued 
his  studies  with  great  diligence.  In  1812  he  pub.  a  series 
of  Essays  entitled  The  Friend,  which  extended  to  twenty- 
seven  numbers;  in  the  year  following  appeared  Remorse, 
a  Tragedy;  and  in  1816,  by  the  persuasion  of  Lord  Byron, 
Christabel  was  given  to  the  world.  This  poem,  with  the 
Rime  of  the  Ancient  Mariner  and  Genevieve,  attained  a 
popularity  which  has  been  perpetuated  to  the  present  day. 
To  these  poetical  pieces  must  be  added  Zapoyla,  a  Drama, 
founded  on  The  Winter's  Tale,  pub.  in  1818,  and  some 
minor  poems.  A  complete  edition  of  his  Poems  in  3  vols. 
was  issued  by  Pickering,  not  long  before  the  author's  death. 
Of  his  prose  works  may  be  mentioned  The  Statesman's 
Manual,  or  the  Bible  the  Best  Guide  to  Political  Skill  and 
Foresight;  a  Lay  Sermon,  1816;  a  second  Lay  Sermon, 
1817;  Biographia  Literaria,  1817,  2  vols.;  Aids  to  Reflec 
tion,  1825;  On  the  Constitution  of  Church  and  State,  1830  ; 
Lectures  on  Shakspeare;  Table  Talk;  Theory  of  Life. 
He  planned  several  great  works  which  were  never  com 
mitted  to  paper.  Indeed,  an  excessive  use  of  opium, 
added  to  a  native  want  of  energy,  produced  an  indolent 
habit,  and  lack  of  application,  which  were  fatal  to  the  pro 
secution  of  any  extensive  project.  After  a  wandering  life, 
residing  in  the  houses  of  friends,  alternately  lecturing  and 
contributing  to  periodicals,  he  settled  in  1816  with  Mr. 
Gilman,  a  physician  at  Highgate,  and  remained  in  his 
family  until  his  death  in  1834.  A  month  or  two  before 
his  decease  he  composed  his  own  epitaph : 
"Stop,  Christian  passer-by!  Stop,  Child  of  God! 

And  read  with  gentle  breast.    Beneath  this  sod 

A  poet  lies,  or  that  which  once  seemed  he; 

0  lift  a  thought  in  prayer  for  S.  T.  C. ! 

That  he  who  many  a  year  with  toil  of  breath 

Found  death  in  life,  may  here  find  life  in  death! 

Mercy,  for  praise — to  be  forgiven,  for  Fame — 

He  asked,  and  hoped  through  Christ.    Do  thou  the  same." 

His  Poetical  and  Dramatic  Works  were  pub."  in  1847,  3 
vols.  8vo.  The  Friend,  edited  by  H.  N.  Coleridge,  1844, 
3  vols.  8vo.  Essays  on  his  own  Times;  2d  series  of  The 
Friend;  edited  by  his  daughter,  1850,  3  vols.  8vo.  Aids 
to  Reflection ;  5th  ed.,  enlarged,  1843,  2  vols.  8vo.  Con 
stitution  of  Church  and  State ;  edited  by  H.  N.  Coleridge, 
1839,  8vo.  Confessions  of  an  Inquiring  Spirit,  <fcc.,  edited 
by  H.  N.  Coleridge,  1849,  8vo.  Literary  Remains,  col 
lected  and  edited  by  H.  N.  Coleridge,  1836-39,  4  vols.  8vo. 
Biographia  Literaria,  partly  edited  by  H.  N.,  and  partly 
by  Mrs.  H.  N.  Coleridge,  1838,  2  vols.  8vo;  5th  and  con 
cluding  vol.,  by  Derwent  Coleridge,  1853,  who  also  con 
templates  issuing  a  Life  of  his  father,  and  a  collected 
edition  of  his  works.  To  his  works  should  be  added  The 
Ideal  of  Life,  edited  by  Dr.  Watson,  his  Life  by  James 
Gillman,  Lon.,  1838,  1  vol.  8vo,  and  Joseph  Cottle's  Remi 
niscences  of  Coleridge  and  Southey,  Lon.,  1847,  8vo.  As 
a  conversationist,  Coleridge  enjoyed  a  remarkable  repu 
tation.  He  loved  to  keep  the  field  entirely  to  himself; 
and  hour  after  hour — if  the  auditors  could  spare  the  time — 
would  he  pour  forth  "things  new  and  old,"  illustrated  by 
a  "boundless  range  of  scientific  knowledge,  brilliancy  and 
exquisite  nicety  of  illustration,  deep  and  ready  reasoning, 
immensity  of  bookish  lore,  dramatic  story,  joke,  and  pun." 
^  His  friend  Charles  Lamb  gave  a  significant  hint  to  Cole 
ridge  of  his  propensity  to  monopolize,  in  answering  the  que 
ry  of  the  latter — "  Charles,  did  you  ever  hear  me  preach  ?" 
(When  young,  he  sometimes  filled  the  Unitarian  pulpit  at 
Taunton.)  "  I  never  heard  you  do  any  thing  else,"  replied 
Lamb.  Dr.  Dibdin  gives  us  a  graphic  sketch  of  the  impres 
sion  produced  upon  him  by  Coleridge's  conversation  : 

"I  shall  never  forget  the  effect  his  first  conversation  made  upon 
me  at  the  first  meeting.  It  struck  me  as  something  not  only  out 
of  the  ordinary  course  of  things,  but  as  an  intellectual  exhibition 
altogether  matchless.  The  party  was  unusually  large,  but  the 
presence  of  Coleridge  concentrated  all  attention  towards  him- 
Belf.  The  viands  were  unusually  costly,  and  the  banquet  was  at 
«nce  rich  and  varied;  but  there  seemed  to  be  no  dish  like  Cole 


ridge's  conversation  to  feed  upon — and  no  information  so  varied 
as  bis  own.  The  orator  rolled  himself  up,  as  it  were,  in  his  chair, 
and  gave  the  most  unrestrained  indulgence  to  his  speech — and 
how  fraught  with  acuteness  and  originality  was  that  speech,  and 
in  what  copious  and  eloquent  periods  did  it  flow!  The  auditors 
seemed  to  be  wrapt  in  wonder  and  delight,  as  one  observation 
more  profound,  or  clothed  in  more  forcible  language  than  another, 
fell  from  his  tongue.  .  .  .  For  nearly  two  hours  he  spoke  with 
unhesitating  and  uninterrupted  fluency.  As  I  retired  homeward 
J  thought  a  SECOND  JOHNSON  had  visited  the  earth  to  make  wise 
the  sons  of  men;  and  regretted  that  I  could  not  exercise  the 
powers  of  a  second  BOSWELL  to  record  the  wisdom  and  the  elo 
quence  which  had  that  evening  flown  from  the  orator's  lips.  It 
haunted  me  as  I  retired  to  rest.  It  drove  away  slumber." — Dib- 
din's  Reminiscences,  5.  254. 

In  his  Illustrations  of  Scripture,  Mr.  Coleridge  was  more 
largely  indebted  to  Cocceius  than  to  any  other  commenta 
tor.  The  reader  should  procure  an  essay,  reprinted  from 
the  Eclectic  Review,  entitled,  The  Relation  of  Philosophy 
to  Theology,  and  Theology  to  Religion,  or  S.  T.  Coleridge, 
his  Philosophy  and  Theology.  It  is  to  be  regretted  that 
Coleridge  did  not  devote  himself  in  earnest  to  the  prepara 
tion  of  the  great  undeveloped  work  which  so  long  haunted 
his  imagination.  We  must  doubt  if  he  could  ever  have 
succeeded  in  his  ambitious  aspirations  to  "  reduce  all  know 
ledge  into  harmony" — "  to  unite  the  insulated  fragments 
of  truth,  and  therewith  to  frame  a  perfect  mirror;"  but 
that  he  could  have  produced  a  magnum  opus,  who  can 
doubt?  To  those  not  familiar  with  the  plaudits  of  Cole 
ridge's  admirers,  the  degree  of  admiration  which  was  la 
vished  upon  him  will  appear  almost  absurd.  No  less  a 
man  than  De  Quincey  speaks  of  him  as 

"  This  ilfustrious  man,  the  largest  and  most  spacious  intellect, 
the  subtlest  and  most  comprehensive,  in  my  judgment,  that  has 
yet  existed  amongst  men." — Literary  Reminiscences. 

Lord  Egmont  declares  that 

"  No  man  had  ever  been  better  qualified  to  revive  the  heroic  pe 
riod  of  literature  in  England,  and  to  give  a  character  of  weight  to 
the  philosophic  erudition  of  the  country  upon  the  continent." — 
Ubi  supra. 

Another  most  respectable  authority  gravely  records  his 
judgment: 

"  I  think,  with  all  his  iaults,  old  Sam  was  more  of  a  great  man 
than  any  one  that  has  lived  within  the  four  seas  in  my  memory. 
It  is  refreshing  to  see  such  a  union  of  the  highest  philosophy  and 
poetry,  with  so  full  a  knowledge,  in  so  many  points  at  least,  of 
particular  facts." — DR.  ARNOLD  :  Letter  to  W.  W.  Hull,  Esq. 

John  Foster,  himself  a  moral  philosopher  of  no  ordinary 
rank,  tells  us  that 

"  His  mind  contains  an  astonishing  map  of  all  sorts  of  know 
ledge,  while  in  his  power  and  manner  of  putting  it  to  use.  he  dis- 
fays  more  of  what  we  mean  by  the  term  genius  than  any  mortal 
ever  saw,  or  ever  expect  to  see." 

A  short  extract  from  a  well-known  and  favourite  critic 
must  bring  our  article  to  a  conclusion  : 

"  On  his  incomparable  '  Genevieve'  he  has  lavished  all  the  melt 
ing  graces  of  poetry  and  chivalry ;  in  his  'Ancient  Mariner'  he  has 
sailed,  and  in  his  '  Christabel'  flown,  to  the  very  limits  of  inven 
tion  and  belief,  and  in  his  chaunt  of  '  Fire,  Famine,  and  Slaugh 
ter,'  he  has  revived  the  vehement  strains  of  the  sibyls,  or  rather 
furies,  and  given  us  a  song  worthy  of  the  prime  agents  of  perdi 
tion.  .  .  His  translation  of '  Wallenstein'  I  have  heard  commended 
by  good  judges,  as  superior  to  the  drama  whose  language  it  pro 
fesses  to  speak ;  and  his  '  Remorse,'  though  a  play  for  the  closet 
rather  than  the  stage,  has  passages  full  of  passion  and  fire.  In 
prose  his  powers  are  not  all  equal:  he  is  occasionally,  indeed,  gra 
phic  and  lively,  as  when  he  gives  an  account  of  his  voyage;  often 
dramatic  in  the  description  of  his  success  as  a  preacher  of  lay  ser 
mons;  but  he  is  too  frequently  obscure  and  mystical.  ...  As  his 
fame  will  be  settled  by  his  best  poems,  he  is  as  sure  of  future  repu 
tation  as  any  poet  of  this  age."— ALLAN  CUNNINGHAM  :  Bing.  and 
Grit.  Hist,  of  the  Lit.  of  the  last  50  years. 

Coleridge,  Sara  Henry,  1803-1852,  only  daughter 
of  Samuel  Taylor  Coleridge,  and  widow  of  his  nephew, 
Henry  Nelson  Coleridge;  b.  at  Keswick.  As  the  able  edi 
tor  of  her  father's  works,  (q.  v.,}  as  a  translator,  and  by  her 
original  compositions,  she  has  added  to  the  family  laurels. 

Trans,  from  the  Latin  of  Martin  Dobrizhoffer's  Account 
of  the  Abipones,  an  Equestrian  People  of  Paraguay,  Lon., 
1822,  3  vols.  8vo. 

"My  dear  daughter's  translation  of  this  book  is,  in  my  judg 
ment,  unsurpassed  for  pure  mother  English."— S.  T.  COLERIDGE. 

The  reader  will  find  the  work  a  most  interesting  account 
of  savage  life.  Phantasmion,  a  Tale,  1837,  8vo. 

" '  Phantasmion'  is  not  a  poem ;  but  it  is  poetry  from  begin 
ning  to  end,  and  has  many  poems  in  it.  A  Fairy  Tale,  unique  in 
its  kind,  pure  as  a  crystal  in  diction,  tinted  like  the  opal  with  the 
hues  of  an  ever-springing  sunlit  fancy."— Lon.  Quarterly  Review. 

Pretty  Lessons  for  Good  Children,  18mo. 

"  With  an  imagination  like  a  prism,  shedding  rainbow  change? 
on  her  thoughts,  she  shows  study  without  the  affectation  of  it, 
and  a  Greek-like  closeness  of  expression." 

Coleridge,  William  Hart,  D.D.,  1790-1850,  Bishop 
of  Barbadoes  and  the  Leeward  Islands,  only  son  of  Luke 
H.  Coleridge,  was  educated  at  Christ  Church,  Oxford.  In 
1824  he  was  consecrated  the  first  Bishop  of  Barbadoes, 
resigned  in  1841,  on  account  of  the  failure  of  his  health. 


COL 

Address  to  Candidates  for  Holy  Orders  in  the  Diocese  of 
Barbadoes,  Lon.,  1829,  12mo.  Charges  delivered  to  the 
Clergy  of  the  Diocese  of  Barbadoes  and  the  Leeward  Is 
lands,  Lon.,  1835,  8vo.  Sermons,  Lon.,  1841,  '42. 

Coles,  Elisha,  d.  1688,  Steward  of  Magdalen  College, 
Oxford ;  subsequently  Clerk  to  the  East  India  Company. 
Practical  Discourse  of  God's  Sovereignty,  Lon.,  1673,  4to. 
14th  ed.,  1768. 

"  One  of  the  most  useful  and  the  best  known  to  all  experimental 
Christians  of  any  written  in  any  language."— DR.  RYI.AND. 

"  Coles  is  equally  argumentative,  Scriptural,  and  practical.  '— 
DR.  E.  WILLIAMS. 

"  Many  good  thoughts,  but  hardly  guarded  enough."— BICKERS- 

TETH. 

Wm.  Sellon  wrote  an  answer  to  Coles,  entitled,  Defence 
of  God's  Sovereignty  against  the  impious  and  horrible  As 
persions  cast  upon  it  by  Elisha  Coles,  1770, 12mo.  Romaine 
commends  Coles's  Discourse  in  high  terms,  and  Dr.  E. 
Williams  tells  the  following  anecdote  concerning  it : 

"  When  setting  out  in  the  ways  of  God,  I  found  this  book  sin 
gularly  useful.  A  carnal  minister  (who  had  gravely  recommended 
for  my  perusal  Dean  Swift's  '  Tale  of  a  Tub')  observing  my  par 
tiality  to  it,  remarked  with  emotion,  'If  the  doctrines  contained 
in  that  book  be  true,  I  am  sure  to  go  to  hell ;'  I  then  replied,  what 
I  now  deliberately  confirm ;  '  If  these  doctrines  be  not  true,  I  have 
no  hope  of  going  to  heaven.' " 

We  have  read  the  work  with  the  attention  and  interest 
which  the  subject  demands;  but  instead  of  giving  our 
opinion  of  its  merits,  we  consider  that  we  do  better  by 
quoting  both  pro  and  con. 

Coles,  Elisha,  b.  about  1640,  nephew  of  the  preced 
ing,  a  schoolmaster,  educated  at  Magdalen  College.  The 
Complete  English  Schoolmaster,  Lon.,  1674,  8vo.  Short 
Hand,  1674,  8vo.  In  this  work  he  improves  upon  Mason. 
English  Dictionary,  1677,  8vo.  Dictionary  English-Latin, 
Latin-English,  1677,  4to;  18th  ed.,  1772,  Svo.  Harmony 
of  the  Four  Evangelists,  1671,  Svo.  Other  educational 
works.  Dictionary  of  Heraldry,  1725,  Svo,  &c. 

Coles,  Gilbert,  D.D.  Theophilus  and  Philodoxus, 
Lon.,  1674,  4to ;  rel.  to  Ch.  of  England  and  Ch.  of  Rome. 

Coles,  Joseph.  England  to  be  walled  with  Gold, 
and  to  have  the  Silver  as  plentiful  as  the  Stones  of  the 
Street,  Lon.,  1700,  4to.  This  prophecy  still  awaits  the 
time  of  its  fulfilment. 

Coles,  R.     Certayne  Godly  Exercises,  &c.,  Lon.,  Svo. 

Coles,  Thomas.     Sermon,  1813. 

Coles,  Thomas,  D.D.     Sermon,  1664,  4to. 

Coles,  William.     See  COLE. 

Colet,  John,  D.D.  1466-1519,  Founder  of  St.  Paul's 
School ;  entered  Magdalen  College,  Oxford,  1483 :  Rector 
of  Denington,  1485;  of  Thyrning  in  the  same  year;  Dean 
of  St.  Paul's,  1505.  His  lectures,  and  those  of  his  coadju 
tors  Grocyn  and  Sowle,  did  much  to  prepare  the  way  for 
the  Reformation  by  calling  public  attention  to  the  Holy 
Scriptures.  The  boldness  of  Colet  excited  the  animosity 
of  Dr.  Fitz  James,  Bishop  of  London.  Whilst  travelling 
on  the  Continent,  Colet  became  acquainted  with  Buclaeus, 
Erasmus,  and  other  learned  men,  and  studied  the  Greek 
tongue,  then  much  neglected  in  England :  so  much  so  in 
deed,  that  it  was  a  proverb,  Cave  d  Greeds,  nefias  hcereti- 
cua — Beware  of  Greek,  lest  you  become  a  heretic.  Its  in 
troduction  at  Oxford  was  violently  opposed.  Colet,  whilst 
yet  living,  appropriated  his  property  to  the  founding  of 
St.  Paul's  School.  He  appointed  William  Lilly  first  master 
in  1512. 

Responsis  ad  Dissertatiunculam  Erasmi  de  Pavore,  Colon., 
1519,  4to.  Oratio  habita  &  Doctore  Johanne  Colet,  De- 
cano  Sancti  Pauli,  ad  Clerum  in  Convocatione,  anno  1511. 
Rudimenta  Grammatices  a  Joanne  Coleto,  Decano  Sancti 
Pauli,  Londin.,  in  Usum  Scholae  ab  ipso  Institute,  [com 
monly  called  Paul's  Accidence,]  1539,  Svo.  The  Con 
struction  of  the  Eight  Parts  of  Speech,  entitled  Absolutis- 
simus  de  octo  orationis  Partium  constructione  libellus. 
This,  with  some  alterations  and  considerable  additions, 
forms  the  syntax  in  Lilly's  Grammar,  Antwerp,  1530,  Svo. 
Daily  Devotions,  Lon.,  1693,  Svo.  Monition  to  a  Godly 
Life,  1534,  Svo.  Epistolae  ad  Erasmum.  Serm.  on  Rom. 
xii.  2,  on  Conforming  and  Reforming,  Camb.,  1661, 12mo; 
see  the  Phoenix,  ii.  iii.  23.  Life  of  Dean  Colet,  by  Dr.  Sa 
muel  Knight,  Lon.,  1724,  Svo;  ditto,  by  Erasmus,  see 
Phoenix,  ii.  13;  and  see  Wordsworth's  Eccl.  Biog.  i.  433; 
Statutes  of  Dean  Colet,  Lon.,  1816,  Svo. 

"  He  [Bishop  Fitz  James]  would  have  made  the  old  dean  Colet 
of  Paules  an  heretick  for  translating  the  Pater  noster  in  English, 
had  not  the  bishop  of  Canterbury  (Warham)  helpt  the  dean  "— 
TYNDAL:  answer  unto  M.  More. 

"  He  should  have  bin  burnt  if  God  had  not  turned  the  King's 
heart  to  the  contrarie." — Latimer's  Sermons,  1595,  4to. 

"  So  exquisitely  learned,  that  all  Tully's  works  were  as  familiar 
to  him,  as  his  epistles.  He  was  also  no  stranger  to  Plato  and  Plo- 


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tinus,whom  he  not  only  read,  but  conferred  and  paralleled,  perusing 
the  one  as  a  commentary  on  the  other.  And  as  for  the  mathema- 
ticks,  there  was  scarce  any  part  thereof  wherein  he  was  not  seen 
above  his  years." — Wood's  account  of  Colet,  at  the  time  when  he 
was  "  licensed  to  proceed  in  arts." 

The  reader,  however,  is  to  understand  that  Colet  read 
Plato  and  Plotinus  through  the  medium  of  the  Latin 
translations:  Greek  was  scarce  in  Colet's  college- days. 
The  statutes  of  St.  Paul's  School  require  that  the  master 
is  to  be  "learned  in  good  and  clene  Latin  literature,  and 
also  in  Greke,  if  such  may  be  gotten." 

Colet,  John  A.  Review  of  the  Life  and  Writings  of 
John  Wesley,  Lon.,  1791,  Svo.  Letter  to  Thos.  Coke  and 
H.  More,  1792,  Svo. 

Colevenman,  John.     True  Alarm,  Lon.,  1654,  fol. 

Coley,  Henry.  Clavis  Astrologica,  Lon.,  1669,  Svo; 
1676,  Svo.  Almanack  for  1690,  &c.  Starry  Messenger  for 
1681,  Lon.,  12mo.  Coley,  once  a  tailor,  became  a  noted 
astrologer. 

Coley,  James  M.,  M.D.  Profes.  treatise's,  1806-12. 
A  Practical  Treatise  on  the  Diseases  of  Children,  Lon., 
1846,  Svo. 

"  A  very  useful  and  interesting  addition  to  medical  literature." 
— Lon.  Lancet. 

Coley,  William.    Ague  at  Bridgeworth,  1785,  Svo. 

Colgan,  John,  an  Irish  friar,  Mendicant,  and  Divinity 
Lecturer  in  the  University  of  Louvain.  Acta  Sanctorum 
veteris  et  Majoris  Scotiae,  seu  Hiberniae  Sanctorum  Insulae, 
<fcc.,  Lovanii,  1645,  fol. 

"In  this  volume  he  has  hooked  in  most  of  the  old  holy-men  and 
women  in  England  and  Scotland :  so  that  even  Dempster  himself 
could  not  be  more  intent  on  multiplying  the  Scotch  army  of  saints 
and  martyrs,  than  Colgan  of  raising  recruits  for  that  of  his  own 
native  country."— BISHOP  NICOLSON  :  Irish  Hist.  Library. 

Acta  Triadis  Thaumaturgae  sive  Divorum  Patricii,  Co- 
lumbae  et  Brigidse,  &c.,  Lovanii,  2  vols.  fol. 

"  Into  these  he  has  transcribed  all  the  long  and  short  lives  that 
he  could  meet  with,  either  in  print  or  manuscript,  which  had  been 
•written  of  these  three  famous  and  contemporary  saints." — Ubi 
supra. 

These  three  vols.  were  marked  in  a  bookseller's  cata 
logue,  £20. 

Tractatus  de  Vita  Joannis  Scoti  Doctoris  Subtilis,  Ant 
werp,  1655,  Svo. 

Colinson,  Robert.     Book  Keeping,  Edin.,  1683. 

Collard,  John,  pub.  some  works  under  his  name  re 
versed,  i.  e.,  JOHN  DRALLOC.  Life,  &c.  of  J.  H.  Hobers, 
Lon.,  1794,  2  vols.  12mo.  Epitome ;  2d  ed.,  called  The  Es 
sentials  of  Logic,  1796,  8vo.  Praxis  of  Logic  for  Schools, 
1799,  Svo. 

Collard,  Thomas.  The  Fatal  Period,  1748,  Svo ;  on 
Ezek.  xviii.  31. 

College,  Stephen.     His  Trial,  &c.,  1681,  fol. 

Colleiis,  John.     To  the  Anabaptists,  Lon.,  1660,  4to. 

Colles,  Abraham,  M.D.  Surgical  Anatomy,  part  1, 
Dubl.,  1811,  Svo.  Lectures  on  Surgery,  Lon.,  1845,  2  vols. 
12mo. 

"  Even  -without  the  precious  impress  of  Mr.  Colles's  name,  any 
practical  man  looking  over  these  pages  would  at  once  perceive  that 
he  was  reading  the  doctrine  of  a  master  in  the  art." — Brit,  and 
For.  Medical  Review. 

Colles,  Richard.  Reports  in  Parliament,  1697-1713, 
Dubl.,  1789,  Svo.  This  forms  vol.  8th  of  Brown's  Cases. 

Collet,  Henry.     Laws  rel.  to  Estates,  Ac.,  1754,  Svo. 

Collet,  John,  M.D.  Med.  -Trans.,  1772.  Phil.  Trans., 
xi.  87. 

Collet,  Joseph.     Sermons,  1713,  '42. 

Collet,  Samuel.  Paraphrase  on  the  7  Cath.  Epistles  ; 
after  the  manner  of  Dr.  S.  Clarke's  Parap.  on  the  Evangel. 
1734,  Svo. 

Collet,  Samuel,  M.D.    Restor.  of  the  Jews,  1747. 

Collet,  Stephen.  Relics  of  Literature,  Lon.,1823,8vo. 

"  Contains  upwards  of  260  very  amusing  articles,  many  of  them 
notices  of  Rare  and  Curious  Books." — Lon.  Literary  Gazette. 

This  is  a  work  which  should  be  in  the  possession  of 
every  bibliographer. 

Colleton,  John.   Defence  of  some  Priests,  Lon.,  1602. 

Collett,  J.     Three  Discourses,  1774,  Svo. 

Collett,  John.     Sacred  Dramas,  1805,  12mo. 

Colley,  John.     Observation  con.  Religion,  1612,  4to. 

Colliber,  Samuel.  Columna  Rostrata :  or  a  Critical 
Hist,  of  English  Sea  Affairs,  1727.  Theolog.  treatises. 
1719,  '34,  '35,  '37. 

Collier,  Arthur.  Clavis  Universalis ;  or  a  New  In 
quiry  after  Truth,  Lon.,  1713,  Svo.  Serms.,  1713,  '16,  '30. 

Collier,  Giles.  Answer  to  E.  Fisher's  15  Questions, 
Lon.,  1656,  4to.  Vindicise  Thesium  de  Sabbato,  1656. 
Serms.,  Oxf.,  1661. 

Collier,  Miss  Jane.  Art  of  Tormenting,  1T53,  4to. 
New  edit,  entitled  The  Art  of  Ingeniously  Tormenting, 


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with  proper  rules  for  the  exercise  of  that  agreeable  study, 
Lon.,  1804,  8vo.  What  a  subject  for  a  lady's  pen  ! 

Collier,  Jeremy,  1650-1726,  an  English  Nonjuring 
bishop  of  great  celebrity,  was  b.  at  Stow-with-Quy,  in 
Cambridgeshire.  His  father  and  grandfather  were  both 
clergymen  of  the  Church  of  England.  In  1669  he  was 
admitted  a  poor  scholar  of  Caius  College,  Cambridge.  He 
was  ordained  deacon  in  1676,  and  took  priest's  orders  the 
year  following.  After  officiating  for  some  time  at  the 
Countess-dowager  of  Dorset's  in  Knowle,  in  Kent,  in  1679 
he  removed  to  the  rectory  of  Ampton,  near  St.  Edmund's 
Bury  in  Suffolk.  In  1685  he  removed  to  London,  and  ac 
cepted  the  post  of  lecturer  at  Gray's  Inn.  He  pub.  a 
Sermon  in  1686,  and  The  Office  of  a  Chaplain,  in  1688. 
At  the  Revolution  he  refused  the  oath  of  allegiance,  and 
with  that  undaunted  courage  and  zeal  which  always  dis 
tinguished  him,  he  openly  espoused  the  cause  of  James  II., 
and  vindicated  the  refusal  of  his  Nonjuring  brethren.  We 
remember  an  acute  observation  of  Mr.  Burke,  to  the  effect 
that  it  is  sometimes  as  necessary  to  satisfy  people  with 
what  they  have  done,  as  it  is  to  stimulate  those  to  action 
who  are  undecided.  It  was  somewhat  such  conviction  as 
this  which  caused  Bishop  Burnet  to  put  forth  in  1688  his 
Inquiry  into  the  present  State  of  Affairs,  and  in  particu 
lar  whether  we  owe  Allegiance  to  the  King  in  these  cir 
cumstances,  and  whether  we  are  bound  to  treat  with  him 
and  call  him  back  again,  or  not?  The  Bishop  says  "not," 
very  decidedly : 

"  He  having  given  that  just  advantage  against  himself,  which 
came  after  all  that  series  of  injustice  and  violence  that  had  gone 
before  it,  no  man  can  think  that  it  was  not  very  fitting  to  carry 
it  as  far  as  it  would  go,  and  not  to  treat  him  any  more  upon  the 
foot  of  acknowledging  him  king." 

This  elicited  from  Collier  an  answer  under  the  title  of 
The  Desertion  discussed  in  a  letter  to  a  Country  Gentle 
man,  Lon.,  1688.  In  this  reply  the  author  states  that  there 
was  no  abdication  on  the  part  of  James,  and  that  there 
were  no  grounds,  from  the  laws  of  the  realm,  to  pronounce 
the  throne  void  in  consequence  of  a  retreat  impelled  by  a 
fear  of  personal  danger.  Edmund  Bohun  answered  this 
treatise,  and  takes  occasion  to  give  a  very  high  character 
of  Collier: 

"  The  author  of  it  is  my  acquaintance  and  a  person  for  whom  I 
have  a  great  esteem,  both  on  account  of  his  profession,  and  of  his 
personal  worth,  learning,  and  sobriety,  &c." 

For  this  free  expression  of  his  opinions,  our  worthy  Non- 
juror  was  seized  and  committed  to  Newgate,  where  he 
remained  for  some  months.  He  pub.,  in  1689,  A  Transla 
tion  of  the  Ninth,  Tenth,  Eleventh,  and  Twelfth  Books  of 
Sleidan's  Commentaries ;  Vindici  Juris  Regii,  or  Remarks 
upon  a  Paper  entitled  An  Enquiry  into  the  Measures  of 
Submission  to  the  Supreme  Authority;  Animadversions 
upon  the  modern  Explanation  of  2  Henry  VII.,  chap,  i., 
or  a  King  de  facto.  In  1690,  A  Caution  against  Incon 
sistency,  Ac.  Dr.  Sherlock's  Cause  of  Allegiance  consi 
dered,  1691.  For  a  number  of  years  afterwards,  indeed 
until  the  time  of  his  death,  he  was  in  the  habit  of  attack 
ing  his  opponents  by  minor  publications,  in  which  his  zeal 
and  honesty  were  very  apparent.  The  most  important  of 
his  works  we  shall  notice  presently. 

So  conscientious  was  he,  that  being  admitted  to  bail,  the 
government  having  the  second  time  arrested  him,  he  be 
came  satisfied  that  he  had-  done  wrong  in  thus  tacitly  ad 
mitting  the  power  of  the  government  to  exercise  any  legal 
authority :  he  therefore  delivered  himself  up  to  Sir  John 
Holt,  who,  as  we  may  readily  suppose,  when  the  good 
divine  had  explained  his  scruples,  did  not  at  all  hesitate 
to  exercise  authority  so  far  as  to  commit  him  to  the  King's 
Bench.  He  was,  however,  speedily  released  on  the  appli 
cation  of  his  friends. 

The  kingdom  was  thrown  into  great  commotion  in  1696 
by  the  discovery  of  what  has  since  been  called  the  Assas 
sination  Plot  An  insurrection  was  to  be  promoted  in  fa 
vour  of  James,  and  King  William  was  to  be  assassinated, 

or^\P™8.oner-  On  the  3d  of  APril>  Sir  John  Freind 
and  bir  William  Perkins  were  executed  for  treason  at  Ty 
burn.  On  this  occasion,  Collier  and  two  other  clergymen, 
Cook  and  Snatt,  attended  the  unhappy  men  on  the  scaffold, 
and  administered  absolution  to  them ;  although  they  had 
justified  what  was  styled  their  treason,  in  a  paper  delivered 
to  the  sheriff  immediately  before  their  execution.  This  gave 
great  offence,  and  led  to  the  imprisonment  of  Cook  and 
Snatt  in  Newgate,  whence,  however,  they  were  speedily 
released  without  a  trial.  Collier  absconded,  and  was  out 
lawed.  Nothing  daunted,  however,  by  these  frequent  con 
flicts  with  the  government,  the  courageous  Jeremy  put 
forth  a  Defence  of  his  Absolution  given  to  Sir  W.  Perkins 
at  the  place  of  Execution,  Lon.,  1694.  In  1713  Collier 


was  consecrated  a  bishop  by  Dr.  Hickes,  one  of  the  Non 
juring  clergy.  Dr.  Hickes  had  received  consecration  at 
the  hands  of  the  deprived  bishops  of  Norwich,  Ely,  and 
Peterborough.  Collier  was  a  man  of  estimable  character, 
and,  as  we  shall  presently  see,  one  of  the  greatest  literary 
benefactors  ever  enjoyed  by  England.  One  of  his  princi 
pal  works  was  Essays  upon  Several  Moral  Subjects,  part  1, 
pub.  1697;  part  2,  1703;  part  3, 1705.  Part  1  consists  of 
six  Essays:  1.  Pride.  2.  Clothes.  3.  Duelling.  4.  Ge 
neral  Kindness.  5.  The  Office  of  a  Chaplain.  6.  The 
weakness  of  Human  Reason.  The  four  first  are  in  dia 
logue,  written  with  great  spirit  and  vivacity.  The  two  last 
are  continued  discourses. 

"  That  on  the  office  of  a  chaplain  is  particularly  laboured,  and 
has  been  looked  upon  as  the  author's  masterpiece."" 

The  Second  Part  contains  Seventeen  Discourses :  1.  Fame. 
2.  Music.  3.  The  Value  of  Life.  4.  The  Spleen.  5.  Eager 
ness  of  Desire.  6.  Friendship.  7.  Popularity.  8.  The 
Immateriality  of  the  Soul.  9.  The  Entertainment  of  Books. 
10.  Confidence.  11.  Envy.  12.  The  Aspects  of  Men. 
13.  Despair.  14.  Covetousness.  15.  Liberty.  16.  Old 
Age.  17.  Pleasure. 

Several  of  these  are  written  in  dialogue,  but  most  of  them 
are  discourses. 

"  They  are  all  of  them  calculated  to  inform  the  understanding, 
reform  the  manners,  and  to  give  a  right  turn  to  the  thoughts  of 
the  reader." 

In  the  Third  Part  the  author  treats  of — 1.  Pain.  2.  Re 
venge.  3.  Authors.  4.  Infancy  and  Youth.  5.  Riches 
and  Poverty.  6.  Debauchery.  7.  Drunkenness.  8.  Usury. 
9.  The  Character  of  an  Apostle.  10.  Of  Solitude.  Then 
follows  several  miscellaneous  pieces. 

"  If  we  abate  the  floweriness  of  the  language,  which  was  tho 
fashion,  I  will  not  say  the  fault,  of  that  time,  it  will  be  difficult  to 
find  any  essays  more  capable  of  affording  a  rational  pleasure  than 
those  of  our  author." — DR.  CAMPBELL. 

In  1701  Collier  pub.  in  2  vols.  folio,  a  translation  with 
additions  of  Moreri's  Great  Historical  Dictionary,  under 
the  title  of  The  Great  Historical,  Geographical,  and  Poeti 
cal  Dictionary.  This  was  well  received;  and  in  1705,  a 
third  volume  appeared,  under  the  title  of  A  Supplement, 
<fcc.;  and  in  1721,  a  fourth  volume,  called  an  Appendix, 
was  published.  This  bulky  work  is  now  in  little  request, 
although  vefy  curious  and  worth  more  than  the  few  shil 
lings  asked  for  it  by  the  London  booksellers. 

Before  we  notice  the  most  useful  purpose  to  which  Col 
lier  applied  his  very  respectable  talents,  we  shall  devote  a 
few  lines  to  the  truly  valuable  Ecclesiastical  History  of 
Great  Britain,  chiefly  of  England,  from  the  first  planting 
of  Christianity,  to  the  death  of  Charles  II. ;  with  a  brief 
account  of  the  affairs  of  religion  in  Ireland,  collected  from 
the  best  ancient  histories,  councils,  and  records,  Lon., 
1708-14,  2  vols.  fol.,  (v.  post  for  notice  of  a  new  edit.) 
This  work  called  forth  severe  animadversion  from  three 
bishops,  Nicolson  of  Derry,  Burnet,  and  Kennett.  But 
our  doughty  warrior,  who  cared  neither  for  kings  nor 
bishops,  when  he  considered  them  in  the  wrong,  and  be 
ing  "  every  inch"  a  bishop  himself,  again  set  the  press  to 
work,  and  levelled  his  batteries  against  Bishops  Burnet 
and  Nicolson  in  1715,  and  despatched  Bishop  Kennett 
two  years  later.  At  one  period  the  price  of  this  work 
had  fallen  very  low. 

"  I  have  seen  many  a  copy  sold  for  little  more  than  waste  paper. 
But  the  age  of  book-vandalism  is  past." — DIBDIN. 

It  contains  much  matter  not  to  be  found  in  Mosheim, 
especially  many  curious  particulars  relative  to  the  theolo 
gical  publications  of  the  16th  century.  Dr.  Campbell 
speaks  highly  of  this  work : 

"The  method  in  which  this  history  is  written  is  very  clear  and 
exact,  his  .authorities  are  constantly  cited  by  the  author,  his  re 
marks  are  short  and  pertinent,  and  with  respect  to  the  disserta 
tions  that  are  occasionally  inserted,  they  are  such  as  tend  to  illus 
trate  and  explain  those  perplexed  points  of  which  they  treat,  and 
contribute  thereby  to  the  clearer  understanding  of  the  narration. 
.  .  .  Taking  the  whole  together,  it  will  be  found  as  judicious  and 
impartial  a  work,  as  the  world,  in  doing  justice  to  his  talents, 
could  have  expected  it." 

See  conclusion  of  this  article. 

We  now  proceed  to  notice  one  of  that  small  number  of 
books — of  which  the  Letters  of  Pascal  and  the  Romance 
of  Cervantes  are  instances — which  have  been  found  suffi 
ciently  powerful  to  effect  a  revolution  in  public  opinion, 
or  to  awaken  sufficient  opposition  to  real  or  supposed  evils, 
publicly  tolerated,  to  drive  them  into  obscurity,  or  brand 
them  with  disgrace.  Our  good  bishop  lived  in  those  evil 
days  of  corruption  of  morals  which  followed  the  stern 
morality  which  distinguished  the  ascendency  of  the  Puri 
tans.  From  the  splendid  antechamber  of  a  depraved  mo 
narch,  to  the  humble  tenement  of  the  obscure  artisan,  the 
"pestilence"  of  licentiousness  "wasted  at  noonday/'lack- 


COL 

ing  even  sufficient  remains  of  virtue  to  make  it  willing  to 
wait  for  the  twilight,  with  the  less  shameless  libertinism 
of  the  days  of  Job.  This  was  pain  and  grief  of  heart  to 
the  zealous  Nonjuror.  Compelled  to  dwell  among  them, 
he  "  in  hearing  and  seeing  vexed  his  righteous  soul  from 
day  to  day,"  with  that  which,  whilst  he  earnestly  deplored, 
it  seemed  hopeless  to  try  to  remedy. 

That  master  painter,  Mr.  Macaulay,  has  given  us  a 
sketch,  in  his  own  graphic  style,  of  the  morals  of  the  time  : 
"  Then  came  those  days,  never  to  be  recalled  without  a  blush — 
the  days  of  servitude  without  loyalty,  and  sensuality  without 
love,  of  dwarfish  talents  and  gigantic  vices,  the  paradise  of  cold 
hearts  and  narrow  minds,  the  golden  age  of  the  coward,  the  bigot, 
and  the  slave.  The  king  cringed  to  his  rival  that  he  might  tram 
ple  on  his  people,  sunk  into  a  viceroy  of  France,  and  pocketed  with 
complacent  infamy,  her  degrading  insults,  and  her  more  degrad 
ing  gold.  The  caresses  of  harlots,  and  the  jests  of  buffoons,  regu 
lated  the  measures  of  a  government,  which  had  just  ability  enough 
to  deceive,  and  just  religion  enough  to  persecute.  .  .  .  Crime  suc 
ceeded  to  crime,  and  disgrace  to  disgrace,  till  the  race,  accursed 
of  *}od  and  man,  was  a  second  time  driven  forth,  to  wander  on 
the  face  of  the  earth,  and  to  be  a  by-word  and  a  shaking  of  head 
to  the  nations." — MILTON  :  Ed.  Review,  xlii.  304. 

The  unsound  condition  of  public  and  private  morality 
was  faithfully  reflected  in  the  drama,  and  ostentatiously 
displayed  upon  the  stage  : 

"  During  the  forty  years  which  followed  the  Restoration,  the 
whole  body  of  the  dramatists  invariably  represent  adultery — we 
do  not  say  as  a  peccadillo — we  do  not  say  as  an  error  which  the 
violence  of  passion  may  excuse — but  as  the  calling  of  a  fine  gentle 
man — as  a  grace  without  which  his  character  would  be  imperfect. 
It  is  as  essential  to  his  breeding  and  to  his  place  in  society  that 
he  should  make  love  to  the  wives  of  his  neighbours,  as  that  he 
should  know  French,  or  that  he  should  have  a  sword  at  his  side. 
In  all  this  there  is  no  passion,  and  scarcely  any  thing  that  can  be 
called  preference.  The  hero  intrigues,  just  as  he  wears  a  wig;  be 
cause  if  he  did  not,  he  would  be  a  queer  fellow,  a  city  prig,  per 
haps  a  Puritan.  All  the  agreeable  qualities  are  always  given  to 
the  gallant.  All  the  contempt  and  aversion  are  the  portion  of  the 
unfortunate  husband.  .  .  .  The  dramatist  evidently  does  his  best 
to  make  the  person  who  commits  the  injury  graceful,  sensible, 
and  spirited,  and  the  person  who  suffers  it  a  fool,  or  a  tyrant,  or 
both." — Cbmic  Dramatists  of  the  Restoration. 

There  is  nothing  too  wicked,  nothing  too  absurd,  to  lack 
advocates  and  apologists.  Therefore  we  need  not  be  sur 
prised  to  find  Dennis,  Drake  and  Filmer  abetting,  Leigh 
Hunt  defending,  and  Charles  Lamb  apologizing  for,  such 
literary  satyrs  as  Wycherly,  Congreve,  Farquhar,  Van 
brugh,  and,  we  are  sorry  to  add,  John  Dryden. 

The  stage  seemed  to  present  an  available  point  of  attack 
on  the  unclean  monster  of  social  corruption,  and  Collier 
resolved  to  commence  the  war  of  extermination  on  its 
stronghold.  In  1698  he  published  A  Short  View  of  the 
Immorality  and  Profaneness  of  the  English  Stage,  to- 
geth'er  with  the  Sense  of  Antiquity  upon  this  Argument. 
In  the  preface  to  this  work,  now  before  us,  he  briefly  states 
the  object  of  his  critique,  and  the  necessity  existing  for  a 
rebuke  of  the  character  attempted  : 

"  Being  convinced  that  nothing  has  gone  further  in  Debauching 
the  Age  than  the  Stage-Poets  and  Play- House ;  I  thought  I  could 
not  employ  my  Time  better  than  in  writing  against  them.  These 
men,  sure,  take  Virtue  and  Regularity  for  Great  Enemies;  why 
else  is  their  disaffection  so  very  remarkable?  It  must  be  said, 
they  have  made  their  attack  with  great  Courage,  and  gained  no 
very  inconsiderable  Advantage.  But  it  seems,  Lewdness  without 
Atheism  is  but  half  their  Business.  Conscience  might  possibly 
recover,  and  Revenge  be  thought  on;  and  therefore  like  Foot-Pads, 
they  must  not  only  Rob  but  Murther.  ...  I  confess  I  haVe  no 
Ceremony  for  Debauchery.  For  to  Complement  Vice,  is  but  one 
Remove  from  worshipping  the  Devil." 

The  first  charge  is  the  immodesty  of  the  stage,  and  the 
natural  consequences  of  such  indecency.  He  shows  thai 
the  theatres  of  the  Greeks  and  Romans  were  far  less  guilty 
in  this  respect  than  the  English  theatre.  In  the  latter 
part  of  the  first  chapter,  he  quotes  the  testimony  of  Ben 
Jonson,  Beaumont  and  Fletcher,  and  Corneille  against  the 
abuses  which  he  condemns.  Chap.  2d  is  entitled,  "The 
Profaneness  of  the  Stage,"  which  is  proved  by  instances 
of  "  Cursing  and  Swearing,"  "  Blasphemy,"  "Abuse  of  Re 
ligion  and  the  Holy  Scriptures."  He  brings  this  grave 
charge  against  the  writings  of  Dryden,  Congreve,  Otway 
and  Vanbrugh.  Chap.  3d  is  entitled,  "  The  Clergy  abusec 
by  the  Stage."  Chap.  4th  considers  the  subject  of  "  Im 
morality  encouraged  by  the  Stage."  Chap.  5th  is  devotee 
to  miscellaneous  reflections,  "  Remarks  upon  Amphytrion, 
On  the  Comical  History  of  Don  Quixote,"  Ac.  In  chap.  6th 
he  reinforces  his  position  by  citations  from  Heathen  philo 
sophers,  Christian  fathers,  and  Catholic  councils.  The 
sale  of  this  work  was  so  large,  that  the  4th  edition  lying 
before  us  bears  the  date  of  1699 :  the  first  was  publishec 
March  1697-98. 

That  Collier,  like  zealous  disputants  generally,  may  in 
some  instances  have  stretched  his  indictment  too  far,  anc 
mistaken  levity  for  sin,  and  want  of  taste  for  want  of  de- 


COL 

orum,  can  be  allowed  without  denying  him  the  character 
,o  which  he  is  justly  entitled,  of  the  Reformer  of  the  Eng- 
ish  Stage.  Not  by  any  means  that  he  cleansed  entirely 
;he  Augean  Stable.  He  removed  some  abominations,  but 
many  remained,  and  exist  in  destructive  vitality  to  this 
day.  From  that  time  to  the  present,  the  English  and 
American  theatres  have  been  the  prime  corrupters  of  the 
morals  of  the  people.  The  Stage  is  emphatically  the 
School  of  Vice.  We  have  sometimes  pleased  ourselves 
with  the  speculation  that  the  drama  might  be  purified,  and 
made  an  agent  of  innocent  amusement,  and  historical, 
perchance  even  moral,  instruction  :  but  we  almost  despair 
of  such  a  renovation.  Certain  it  is,  that  conducted  as 
our  theatres  are  at  present,  taking  together  that  which  is 
acted  upon,  behind,  and  before  the  stage,  we  consider 
that  no  one  who  has  a  proper  regard  for  the  interests  of 
morality  can  consistently  lend  his  influence  or  counte 
nance  to  such  demoralizing  exhibitions. 

If  it  should  be  thought  that  we  are  too  severe  in  our  judg 
ment,  we  answer  that  the  facts  of  the  case  are  in  this,  as 
in  every  other  question,  the  best  evidence.  This  evidence 
will  prove  that  three  out  of  every  four  young  men  who  be 
come  victims  to  licentiousness  and  intemperance  are  first 
introduced  to  vice  through  the  medium  of  the  theatre.  As 
to  the  other  sex — how  fathers  can  permit  their  daughters, 
husbands  their  wives,  lovers  the  objects  of  their  affections, 
to  have  their  eyes  and  ears  offended  by  what  must  be  heard 
and  witnessed  by  those  who  visit  the  theatres,  is  marvel 
lous  indeed ! 

But  to  return  to  our  subject.  Collier's  vigorous  charge 
threw  the  ranks  of  the  enemy  into  great  confusion.  His 
proofs  were  too  strong  to  be  evaded ;  his  cause  too  good  to 
be  disgraced  by  ridicule.  When  they  had  a  little  recovered 
from  the  shock,  Congreve  made  a  feeble  attempt  at  a  de 
fence,  which  he  entitled  Amendments  of  Mr.  Collier's  false 
and  imperfect  citation  from  the  Old  Bachelor,  the  Double 
Dealer,  &c.  Vanbrugh  also  came  to  the  rescue  of  his  sorely- 
berated  production,  in  a  pamphlet  which  he  called  A  Short 
Vindication  of  The  Relapse  and  the  Provoked  Wife.  Nor 
were  these  all.  Collier  had  disturbed  a  hornet's  nest :  Set 
tle,  and  Dennis,  and  Drake,  attacked  him  with  impertinent 
buzzing,  though  unable  to  sting.  Wycherley  was  suspected 
of  being  one  of  his  assailants.  Dr.  Filmer  took  sides 
against  the  redoubtable  Nonjuror  in  A  Defence  of  Plays, 
which  had  better  have  been  unwritten. 

But  a  man  who  had  the  courage  to  deny  the  right  of  a 
king  to  his  throne,  and  to  beard  bishops  upon  their  bench, 
was  not  to  be  intimidated  by  a  few  licentious  poets  and 
their  apologists.  He  followed  up  his  first  fire  with  unwa 
vering  resolution,  in  the  following  publications  :  1.  A  De 
fence  of  the  Short  View,  Ac.,  being  a  Reply  to  Mr.  Con- 
greve's  Amendments,  <fcc.,  and  to  the  Vindication  of  the 
author  of  the  Relapse,  Lon.,  1699.  2.  A  Second  Defence 
of  the  Short  View,  being  a  Reply  to  a  Book  entitled  The 
Ancient  and  Modern  Stages  Surveyed,  <fec.,  Lon.,  1700. 
This  "  Book"  was  written  by  Dr.  Drake.  3.  A  farther  Vin 
dication  of  the  Short  View,  <fec.,  in  which  the  objections  of 
a  late  Book,  entitled  A  Defence  of  Plays,  are  considered, 
Lon.,  1708.  4.  Mr.  Collier's  Dissuasive  from  the  Play 
House ;  in  a  letter  to  a  Person  of  Quality,  occasioned  by 
the  late  calamity  of  the  Tempest,  Lon.,  1703. 

Collier's  victory  was  not  only  decided,  but  overwhelming. 
Dramatists  and  actors  from  that  time  felt  that  a  healthful 
public  sentiment  was  in  action,  which  would  call  them  to 
account  for  at  least  heinous  offences,  and  they  became  more 
circumspect,  if  not  really  more  virtuous.  It  was  not  a 
little  to  the  credit  of  Dryden,  that  he  attempted  no  defence 
of  that  which  he  doubtless  felt  to  be  indefensible.  He  did 
not  even  put  forth  that  most  foolish  of  all  pleas,  which  we 
are  sorry  to  see  sometimes  used  on  behalf  of  others  by 
writers  who  should  know  better,  that  he  was  no  worse  than 
the  prevailing  tone  of  the  times.  If  this  be  a  valid  defence, 
how  shall  the  world  ever  grow  better  ?  How  did  Collier 
happen  to  be  better  than  the  times  ?  Had  they  not  the 
same  code  of  morality,  in  the  inspired  volume,  two  hun 
dred  years  ago,  that  we  have  now  ?  To  hear  such  apolo 
gists,  we  might  suppose  that  the  Scriptures  were  a  recent 
grant  to  mankind.  Some  years  later,  indeed,  Dryden,  in 
referring  to  the  subject  in  the  preface  to  his  "  Fables,"  en 
tered  a  protest  against  the  rough  handling  he  had  received, 
and  put  in  a  plea  to  mitigate  the  force  of  the  sentence, 
but  he  winds  up  with  a  confession  which  is  to  the  credit 
of  his  candour.  He  finds  fault  with  Collier's  rudeness, 
and  the  "horse  play  of  his  raillery,"  and  declares  that  "in 
many  places  he  has  perverted  by  his  glosses  the  meaning" 
of  what  he  censures;  but  he  admits  that  he  is  justly  con 
demned  : 


COL 


COL 


"  I  have  pleaded  guilty  to  all  thoughts  or  expressions  of  mine 
that  can  be  truly  accused  of  obscenity,  immorality,  or  profaneness. 
If  Mr.  Collier,"  he  continues,  "be  mine  enemy,  let  him  triumph; 
if  he  be  my  friend,— as  I  have  given  him  no  personal  occasion  to 
be  otherwise,— he  will  be  glad  of  my  repentance." 

Dr.  Johnson,  in  his  Life  of  Congreve,  gives  an  animated 
description  of  the  battle  between  Collier  and  the  Dramatic 
poets.  Of  the  assailant,  he  remarks : 

"He  was  formed  for  a  controvertist ;  with  sufficient  learning; 
with  diction  vehement  and  pointed,  though  often  vulgar  and  in 
correct:  with  unconquerable  pertinacity;  with  wit  in  the  highest 
degree  keen  and  sarcastic;  and  with  all  those  powers  exalted  and 
invigorated  by  just  confidence  in  his  cause.  Thus  qualified,  and 
thus  incited,  he  walked  out  to  battle,  and  assailed  at  once  most 
of  the  living  authors  from  Dryden  to  D'Urfey.  His  onset  was  vio 
lent;  those  passages,  which  while  they  stood  single  had  passed 
with  little  notice,  when  they  were  accumulated  and  exposed  to 
gether,  excited  horror;  the  wise  and  the  pious  caught  the  alarm; 
and  the  nation  wondered  why  it  had  so  long  suffered  irreligion 
and  licentiousness  to  be  openly  taught  at  the  public  charge.  No 
thing  now  remained  for  the  poets  but  to  resist  or  fly.  Dryden's 
conscience,  or  his  prudence,  angry  as  he  was,  withheld  him  from 
the  conflict.  Congreve  and  Vanbrugh  attempted  answers.  .  .  . 
The  stage  found  other  advocates,  and  the  dispute  was  protracted 
through  ten  years: — but  at  last  Comedy  grew  more  modest:  and 
Collier  lived  to  see  the  reward  of  his  labour  in  the  reformation  of 
the  theatre.  Of  the  powers  by  which  this  important  victory  was 
achieved,  a  quotation  from  '  Love  for  Love,'  and  the  remark  upon 
it,  may  afford  a  specimen: 

'"Sir  Sampson  Sampson's  a  very  good  name ;  for  your  Sampsons 
were  strong  dogs  from  the  beginning. 

" ' Angelica. — Have  a  care!  If  you  remember,  the  strongest 
Sampson  of  your  name  pull'd  an  old  house  over  his  head  at  last!' 

"  '  Here  you  have  the  Sacred  History  burlesqued ;  and  Sampson 
once  more  brought  into  the  house  of  Dagon  to  make  sport  for  the 
Philistines.'  [Collier's  Comment."] 

For  a  graphic  sketch  of  this  controversy,  and  of  the 
dramatic  poetry  of  the  time,  we  refer  the  reader  to  Mr. 
Macaulay's  Comic  Dramatists  of  the  Restoration,  Edin 
burgh  Review,  January,  1841.  The  Reviewer  admits  the 
occasional  errors  in  his  indictment,  into  which  an  honest 
zeal  betrayed  the  author  of  the  Short-  View,  but  agrees 
with  the  verdict  of  the  day,  that 

"  When  all  these  deductions  have  been  made,  great  merit  must 
be  allowed  to  this  work.  There  is  hardly  any  book  of  that  time 
from  which  it  would  be  possible  to  collect  specimens  of  writing  so 
excellent  and  so  various.  To  compare  Collier  with  Pascal  would 
indeed  be  absurd.  Yet  we  hardly  know  where,  except  in  the 
Provincial  Letters,  we  can  find  mirth  so  harmoniously  and  becom 
ingly  blended  with  solemnity,  as  in  the  Short  View.  In  truth,  all 
the  models  of  ridicule,  from  broad  fun  to  polished  and  antithetical 
sarcasm,  were  at  Collier's  command.  On  the  other  hand,  he  was 
complete  master  of  the  rhetoric  of  honest  indignation.  We  scarcel  v 
know  any  volume  which  contains  so  many  bursts  of  that  eloquence 
which  comes  from  the  heart,  and  goes  to  the  heart.  Indeed  the 
spirit  of  the  book  is  truly  heroic.  .  .  .  Congreve's  answer  was  a 
complete  failure.  He  was  angry,  obscure,  and  dull.  Even  the 
Green  Room  and  Will's  Coffee  House  were  compelled  to  acknow 
ledge,  that  in  wit  the  parson  had  a  decided  advantage  over  the 
poet." 

Collier  has  received  ample  commendation  from  many 
quarters : 

"  I  question  whether  any  man  can  read  Swift's  Tale  of  a  Tu"b,  or 
Don  Quevedo's  Visions,  without  finding  himself  the  worse  for  it. 
In  regard  to  all  such  indiscreet  applications  of  wit,  every  young 
student  may  guard  his  mind,  and  rectify  his  judgment,  by  read 
ing  Mr.  Collier's  View  of  the  Profaneness  and  Immorality  of  the 
English  Stage;  a  book  which  brought  Dryden  to  repentance,  and 
does  indeed  beggar  every  work  upon  the  same  argument.  It  is 
the  triumph  of  wit  over  scurrility;  of  piety  over  profaneness:  of 
learning  over  ignorance;  and  of  Christianity  over  Atheism." — Letter 
from  a  Tutor  to  his  Pupils. 

"  It  was  certainly  a  very  bold  thing  in  Mr.  Collier  to  attack  at 
once  the  Wits  and  Witlings  of  those  times :  among  the  first  were 
Mr.  Dryden,  Mr.  Congreve,  and  Mr.  Vanbrugh;  among  the  latter, 
were  Tom  Durfey  and  many  more;  but  he  is  certainly  to  be  com 
mended  for  forming  so  good  a  design  as  that  of  reducing  the  stage 
to  order,  and  thereby  preventing  the  morals  of  mankind  from  be 
ing  corrupted,  where  they  ought  to  be  amended  "—DR.  CAMPBELL. 

"  The  public  opinion  ran  so  much  against  the  defenders  of  the 
theatre,  and  in  favour  of  their  enemy,  that  King  William  consi 
dered  Mr.  Collier's  book  as  a  work  which  entitled  the  author  of  it 
to  some  lenity  in  a  prosecution  then  carrying  on  in  consequence 
«r  » o  ;-  I,.-  political  conduct."— Preface  to  Sup.  to  Dodsley's 


Cibber  observes  that  the  calling  our  dramatic  writers  to 
this  strict  account  had  a  very  wholesome  effect  upon  those 
who  wrote  after  this  time.  They  were  now  a  great  deal 
more  upon  their  guard;  indecencies  were  no  longer  wit- 
and  by  degrees  the  fair  sex  came  again  to  fill  the  boxes  on 
the  first  day  of  a  new  comedy,  without  fear  or  censure. 
We  may  be  allowed  to  repeat  the  opinion,  that  neither  at 
that,  nor  at  any  subsequent  time,  has  the  box  of  the  theatre 
been  the  most  proper  place  in  the  world  for  a  modest  and 
refined  woman.  In  concluding  our  notice  of  this  warm 
hearted,  exemplary,  and  truly  excellent  divine,  we  should 
not  forget  to  mention  that  Father  Courbeville  speaks  in 
the  highest  terms  of  Collier's  Miscellaneous  Works,  which 
he  declares  set  him  on  a  level  with  Montaigne,  St.  Evre- 
410 


rnond,  La  Bruyere,  &c.  He  made  a  translation  of  the  Short 
View  into  French,  which  gave  him  an  opportunity  of  re 
newing  his  commendation.  Collier  has  been  suspected  of 
a  leaning  to  popery,  because,  towards  the  close  of  his  life, 
he  "mixed  water  with  wine  in  the  Eucharist,  made  the 
sign  of  the  cross  in  confirmation,  employed  oil  in  the  visi 
tation  of  the  sick,  and  offered  up  prayers  for  the  dead." 
But  we  have  many  instances  of  an  adoption  of  some  par 
ticular  ceremonies,  and  even  doctrines  of  ecclesiastical 
communion,  whilst  other  portions  of  the  same  code  are  ve 
hemently  denounced. 

Bishop  Burnet  indeed  complains  of  our  author's  Eccle 
siastical  History  on  this  wise  : 

"  There  appeared  to  me  quite  through  the  second  volume,  such 
a  constant  inclination  to  favour  the  popish  doctrine,  and  to  cen 
sure  the  Reformers,  that  I  should  have  had  a  better  opinion  of  the 
author's  integrity,  if  he  had  professed  himself  to  be  not  of  our 
communion,  nor  of  the  communion  of  any  other  Protestant  Church." 
— Preface  to  the  Hist,  of  the,  Reformation  of  the  Church  of  England. 
Now  we  believe  the  bishop  to  have  been  a  truly  honest 
man,  many  opinions  to  the  contrary;  but  the  charges  of  a 
party  writer,  and  veteran  disputant,  must  always  be  re 
ceived  with  caution,  and  Bishop  Burnet  was  "  a  man  of  war 
from  his  youth." 

We  are  pleased  to  notice  the  appearance  of  a  new  edition 
of  Collier's  Ecclesiastical  History  of  Great  Britain,  from 
the  first  planting  of  Christianity  to  the  Reign  of  Charles 
the  Second,  with  a  brief  Account  of  the  affairs  of  Religion 
in  Ireland,  with  Life  of  the  Author  by  Thomas  Lathbury, 
the  Controversial  Tracts  connected  with  the  History,  and 
a  new  and  much  enlarged  Index,  9  vols.  8vo,  1852. 

"  There  areonly  two  writers  of  the  genuine  History  of  our  Church 
who  deserve  the  name  of  historians,  Collier  and  Fuller." — Bishop 
Warburton's  Directions  to  a  Student  in  Theolcgy. 

"  Collier  died  in  the  year  1726 ;  his  Church  History  is  still  one  of 
our  most,  if  not  the  most  valuable  of  our  Ecclesiastical  Histories, 
and  all  bis  works  display  talents  of  no  ordinary  kind." — LATHBURY. 
Collier,  Joel.  Musical  Travels  through  England, 
Lon.,  1774,  8vo,  '76  and  '85,  12mo.  This  is  a  burlesque 
of  the  Musical  Travels  of  DR.  BURNEY  (q.  v.)  Alexander 
Bicknell  wrote  part  of  it,  and  Peter  Beckford  the  latter 
portion. 

Collier,  John.  Compendium  Artis  Nauticse,  1729. 
Collier,  John.  Jewish  History,  Lon.,  1791,  2  vols. 
8vo.  Life  of  Christ,  &c.,  1797,  2  vols.  8vo.  Animation 
and  Intellect,  1800,  8vo.  Reanimation  from  the  Repro 
duction  of  Vegetable  Life,  and  the  renewal  of  Life,  after 
Death,  in  Insects,  1809,  8vo. 

Collier,  John.  Works  of  Tim  Bobbin,  Esq.,  in  Prose 
and  Verse,  with  Life  of  the  Author,  by  John  Corry  Roch 
dale,  1819,  r.  8vo.  Other  pub.  under  name  of  Tim  Bobbin, 
1763,  '62,  '65,  1810. 

Collier,  John.     Essay  on  Charters,  Newc.,  1777. 
Collier,  John  Dye.     Law  of  Patents,  Lon.,  1803, 
8vo.     Life  of  Abraham  Newland,  Esq.,  1808,  12mo. 

Collier,  John  Payne,  b.  in  London,  1789,  was  en 
tered  a  student  of  the  Middle  Temple  at  the  age  of  20,  but 
found  the  attractions  of  Blackstone  insufficient  to  overcome 
the  blandishments  of  Elizabethan  literature.  He  occa 
sionally  relieved  his  poetical  studies  by  contributions  to 
the  Morning  Chronicle,  the  Literary  Review,  the  Edin 
burgh  Magazine,  &c.  In  1820  he  pub.  in  2  vols.  r.  8vo, 
The  Poetical  Decameron,  or  Ten  Conversations  on  English 
Poets  and  Poetry,  particularly  of  the  Reigns  of  Elizabeth 
and  James.  The  reader  should  secure  this  work. 

"  Few  books  lately  published  contain  so  much  valuable  and  ori 
ginal  information."— II  ALLAM. 

The  Poet's  Pilgrimage,  a  Poem,  appeared  in  1822.  This 
was  an  early  composition.  In  1825-27  he  pub.  an  edit,  of 
Dodsley's  Old  Plays,  to  which  he  added  six  dramas,  and 
in  a  supplementary  vol.  (1828)  he  pub.  five  more  dramas 
temp.  Elizabeth.  In  1831,  in  3  vols.  p.  8vo,  appeared  his 
excellent  History  of  English  Dramatic  Poetry  to  the  Time 
of  Shakspeare,  and  Annals  of  the  Stage  to  the  Restoration. 
"  As  an  authority  in  all  points  connected  with  the  history  of  the 
stage,  the  production  of  Mr.  Collier  not  only  stands  alone  in  our 
literature,  but  it  may  be  said,  that  he  has  so  thoroughly  sifted  and 
discussed  the  subject,  as  to  have  left  little  or  nothing  to  reward 
the  labour  of  future  inquirers." — Lon.  New  Mon.  Mag.,  Aug  1831. 
"A  valuable  record  of  the  British  Stage."— Metropol.,  Aug  18.31. 
Mr.  Collier  now  found  a  labour  of  love  in  the  compila 
tion  of  a  Bibliographical  and  Critical  Catalogue  of  Lord 
Ellesmere's  Collection  of  Rare  English  Books.  This  was 
privately  printed.  In  his  examination  of  the  treasures  of 
Lord  Ellesmere's  Library,  Mr.  Collier  discovered  some 
precious  documents,  which  threw  much  light  upon  the  his 
tory  of  our  (for  we  Americans  claim  a  property  in  Shaks 
peare)  great  dramatist,  and  from  these  papers  and  other 
records,  he  compiled  his  New  Facts  regarding  the  Life  of 
Shakspeare,  pub.  in  1835.  In  the  next  year  appeared  New 


COL 


COL 


Particulars,  and  in  1839,  Further  Particulars,  concerning  ' 
the  same  "  great  argument."  In  1842-44  appeared  the 
result  of  more  than  thirty  years'  toil,  in  the  shape  of  a  new 
edit,  of  The  Works  of  Shakspeare,  the  text  formed  from 
an  entirely  new  collation  of  the  old  Editions,  with  the  va 
rious  Readings,  Notes,  a  Life  of  the  Poet,  and  a  History  of 
the  Early  English  Stage,  8  vols.  8vo;  new  ed.,  1858,  6  vols. 
8vo.  See  Lon.  Athen.,  No.  1592.  This  work  was  preceded  in 
1841  by  a  List  of  Reasons  for  a  New  Edition  of  Shakspeare's 
Plays,  which  should  be  studied  as  a  model  for  all  editors. 

"Mr.  Collier  is  entitled  to  the  praise  of  having  brought  together 
all  the  known  facts  that  in  any  way  bear  upon  the  life  of  Shaks 
peare." — Lon.  Spectator. 

"Thirty  years  of  unwearied  research  into  the  history  of  his  au 
thor  entitle  Mr.  Collier  to  be  heard."— Lon.  Athenaeum. 

"  The  most  perfect  text  with  the  fewest  possible  notes.  Whoever 
wants  to  know  what  Shakspeare  wrote  must  refer  to  Collier's  edi 
tion."—  Lon.  Monthly  Magazine. 

Mr.  Collier's  Memoirs  of  the  Principal  Actors  in  the 
Plays  of  Shakspeare  appeared  in  1846.  In  1847  Mr.  C. 
pub*.  A  Book  of  Roxburghe  Ballads. 

'•  Jjr.  Collier  has  made  a  most  interesting  and  valuable  addition 
to  oui  store  of  old  ballads  by  the  publication  of  this  volume,  which 
embra.-<?s  a  class  almost  wholly  overlooked  by  former  editors."— 
Lon.  h':<ming  Chronicle. 

"  Mr.  Collier's  volume  is  a  treasure  of  curiosities,  rich  as  well  as 
rare." 

In  1848  appeared  Shakspeare's  Library,  a  Collection  of 
the  Ancient  Romances,  Novels,  Legends,  Poems,  and  His 
tories  used  by  Shakspeare  as  the  foundation  of  his  Dramas. 
Now  first  collected,  and  accurately  reprinted  from  the  Ori 
ginal  Editions,  with  Introductory  Notices,  2  vols.  8vo. 
This  valuable  work  places  in  the  hands  of  the  reader,  for  a 
few  shillings,  matter  that  could  before  have  been  purchased 
only  by  an  outlay  of  hundreds  of  pounds,  and  which  was 
in  many  cases  altogether  inaccessible.  In  the  same  year 
Mr.  C.  pub.  Extracts  of  the  Registers  of  the  Stationers' 
Company  of  Books  entered  for  publication,  1555-70.  In 
the  midst  of  his  many  labours,  Mr.  C.  has  occasionally 
found  time  to  promote  the  objects  of  three  societies  in 
which  he  felt  deeply  interested: — he  has  edited  several 
works  for  the  Camden  and  Shakspeare  Societies,  and  con 
tributed  to  the  Transactions  of  the  Society  of  Antiquaries, 
of  which  body  he  was  made  Vice-President  in  1850.  But 
it  is  by  his  last  publication  that  Mr.  Collier  has  produced 
a  terrible  excitement  among  the  antiquaries  and  Shakspea- 
rian  critics,  real  and  mock.  In  1849  Mr.  C.  purchased 
from  Thomas  Rodd  a  folio  Shakspeare  of  1632,  which 
proved  to  be  full  of  emendations,  which  a  little  examina 
tion  satisfied  the  happy  possessor  were  entitled  to  great 
respect,  as  the  intelligent  annotations  of  an  early  hand. 
In  1852  Mr.  C.  put  forth  a  volume  with  his  newly-found 
treasures  displayed  to  the  eyes  of  a  curious  world.  The 
critics — many  of  them,  certainly — were  in  ecstasies. 

"  In  spite  of  our  own  anticipations,  and  in  spite  of  Mr.  Collier's 
own  editorial  spirit,  we  have  here  put  forth  by  that  gentleman  a 
volume,  which,  if  we  mistake  not.  will  do  more  for  revolutionizing, 
and  more  for  amending,  the  printed  words  of  Shakspeare,  than  all 
the  critics  whose  labours  fill  the  one-and-twenty  volumes  of  the 
Variorum  Edition."— Lon.  Gent.  Mag.,  April,  1853. 

"  It  will  form  henceforth  an  inseparable  pendant  to  the  received 
additions,  and  most  undoubtedly  take  the  lead  over  every  other 
compilation  of  '  Notes  and  Emendations.'  It  is  not  going  too  far 
to  pronounce  that  in  intrinsic  value  it  is  fairly  <  worth  all  the  rest.' " 
—Dublin  University  Mag.,  March,  1853. 

"  Men  have  acquired  reputation  by  a  single  emendation  of  Shaks 
peare  ;  learned  editors  have  exceedingly  plumed  themselves  upon 
a  few  successful. hits ;  the  best  critics  have  done  but  little:— here 
we  have  a  book  that  'at  one  fell  swoop'  knocks  out  a  thousand 
errors,  for  the  most  part  so  palpable,  when  once  pointed  out  that 
no  one  can  deny  their  existence,  and  substitutes  emendations  so 
clear  that  we  cannot  hesitate  to  accept  them."— Lon.  Athenvum. 

"  The  corrections  which  Mr.  Collier  has  here  given  to  the  world, 
are,  we  venture  to  think,  of  more  value  than  the  labours  of  nearly 
all  the  critics  on  Shakspeare's  text  put  together."— Lon.  Lit.  Gazette 
See  also  the  Lon.  Examiner,  Jan.  29,  1853;  Morning 
Chronicle,  March  28,  1853 ;  Northampton  Mercury,  Feb 
12,  1853;  Bell's  Messenger,  Feb.  5, 1853;  Eraser's  Maga 
zine,  March  1853.  But  veteran  critics,  who  had  been  fight 
ing  for  half  a  century  over  half  a  dozen  "emendations," 
were  by  no  means  disposed  to  swallow  twenty  thousand  at 
once.  The  commentators  gave  "horrid  note  of  war,"  and 
Mr.  Collier  was  soon  stoutly  assailed  by  those  who  felt 
themselves  so  far  outdone  in  "emendations."  Of  course, 
we,  occupying  the  position  of  a  Recorder,  not  of  a  Judge, 
do  not  profess  to  have  any  opinion  upon  the  subject.  The 
Rev.  Mr.  Dyce's  review  of  the  Folio  (Lon.,  1853)  will  as 
sist  the  reader  in  his  inquiry;  and  he  is  also  referred  to  a 
volume,  pub.  in  New  York,  1854,  entitled  Shakspeare's 
Scholar,  by  Richard  Grant  White,  A.M. 

Collier,  Joseph.     Obs.  on  Iron  and  Steel;  in  Soc. 
of  Manches.  Mem.,  v.  109. 

Collier,  Joshua.    Double  Entry,  1796,  4to. 


Collier,  Nathaniel.     Sermons,  1714-52. 

Collier,  R.  P.  A  Treatise  on  the  Law  relating  to 
Mines,  Lon.,  1849,  1  vol.  8vo;  Phila.  1853. 

Collier,  Thomas.  Sermons  and  theolog.  treatises, 
1646-91. 

Collier,  W.,  d.  1803,  aged  61.   Poems,  1800, 2  vols.  8vo. 

Collier,  William.     Sermons,  1744,  Ac. 

Collignon,  Charles,  M.D.,  d.  1785,  Profes.  of  Ana 
tomy  in  the  University  of  Cambridge.  Compendium  Ana- 
tomico  Medicum,  Ac.,  1756,  4to.  The  Human  Body,  Camb., 
1794,  8vo.  Medicina  Politica,  Ac.,  Lon.,  1765,  8vo.  Moral 
and  Medical  Dialogue,  Lon.,  1769,  8vo.  Miscell.  Works, 
Lon.,  1786,  4to.  Con.  to  Phil.  Trans.,  1772. 

Collin,  Nicholas,  Rector  of  the  Swedish  Churches, 
Pennsylvania.  Con.  to  Trans.  Americ.  Soc.,  1799 :  143, 
476,  519;  philology,  Ac. 

Colling,  James  K.  Details  of  Gothic  Architecture, 
Lon.,  1850-52,  4to.  Gothic  Ornaments  drawn  from  Chris 
tian  Authorities,  Lon.,  1847-50,  4to. 

"  Every  contribution  towards  a  more  accurate  knowledge  of  our 
ancestors  is  worthy  of  commendation,  and  the  work  before  us  is 
one  of  the  most  elaborate  which  has  been  published  with  this  ob 
ject.  The  colours  are  magnificent,  and  beautifully  printed."— ion. 
Civil  Engineer  and  Architect. 

"To  young  Architects  the  series  will  be  invaluable."— JerroWi 
Nnotpaper. 

Collinges,  or  Collings,  John,  D.D.,  1623-1690,  a 
Nonconformist  divine,  educated  at  Emanuel  College,  Cam 
bridge,  was  ejected  from  the  living  of  St.  Stephen's,  Nor 
wich,  in  1662.  He  wrote  a  portion  of  the  commentaries 
in  Poole's  Annotations  on  the  Bible,  and  pub.  a  number 
of  serms.  and  theolog.  works.  See  Watt's  Bibl.  Bib.  Par 
Nobile,  Lon.,  1669,  8vo.  A  Cordial  for  a  Fainting  Soul, 

1652,  4to.     Discourses  of  the  Actual  Providence  of  God, 
1678,  4to. 

"  What  Collings  has  written  on  Providence  is  well  performed." — 
COTTON  MATHER. 

"  Scriptural  and  spiritual."— BICKERSTETH. 
"  A  man  of  great  worth  and  reputation,  one  of  general  learning, 
signal  piety,  and  eminent  ministerial  abilities.  He  was  a  spiritual 
father  to  beget  many  souls  to  Christ  by  the  Gospel.  He  was  emi 
nent  in  the  grace  of  love  to  saints  as  saints." — Calamy's  Noncon 
formist's  Memorial. 

Collings,  John.  Life  and  Death  of  Mary  Simpson; 
with  her  Funeral  Sermon,  1649,  4to. 

Collingwood,  Francis.  The  House-Keeper,  Lon., 
1792,  8vo. 

Collingwood,  G.  L.  N.  Memoirs  and  Correspond 
ence  of  Vice-Adiniral  Lord  Collingwood,  Lon.,  5th  ed., 
1837,  2  vols.  12mo. 

"  It  is  a  work  which  will  occupy  a  permanent  place  in  the  Eng 
lish  Libra  ry.  .  .  .  The  portrait  of  one  English  worthy  more  is  now 
secured  to  posterity." — Lon.  Quarterly  JRev. 

"We  do  not  know  when  we  have  met  with  so  delightful  a  book 
as  this,  or  one  with  which  we  are  so  well  pleased  with  ourselves 
for  being  delighted." — Edin.  Review. 

Collingwood,  John.  The  Church,  Apostolic,  Pri 
mitive,  and  Anglican :  a  series  of  Seraus.,  Lon.,  1850,  8vo. 

Collingwood,  Thomas.  Con.  to  Med.Com.,1785,'93. 

Colinne,  William.     Fanatics  Dissected,  1660,  4to. 

Collins.     Sermon,  Lon.,  1663,  4to. 

Collins.     Chapter  of  Kings,  Lon.,  16ino. 

Collins,  Anne.    Divine  Songs  and  Meditation,  Lon., 

1653,  sm.  8vo.    A  very  rare  volume.    Priced  in  Bibl.  Anglo- 
Poet.  £18.     There  is  an  edit.  1658,  sm.  8vo. 

"  Her  poetic  turn  and  moral  sentiment  are  both  deserving  of 
praise."  See  Restituta,  iii.  123-7, 180-4. 

Collins,  Anthony,  1676-1729,  a  native  of  Heston, 
near  Hounslow,  in  Middlesex,  was  educated  at  Eton  and 
King's  College,  Cambridge.  He  was  entered  a  student  in 
the  Temple,  but  soon  abandoned  the  law  for  the  cultiva 
tion  of  such  literary  pursuits  as  might  strike  his  fancy. 
Unfortunately,  he  selected  a  department  far  beyond  his 
depth, — theology.  Essay  concerning  the  Use  of  Reason, 
Ac.,  Lon.,  1707,  8vo.  In  the  same  year  he  took  part  in 
the  controversy  between  Dodwell  and  Samuel  Clarke  re 
specting  the  natural  immortality  of  the  soul.  On  this  sub 
ject  Collins  pub.  four  pieces,  1707,  '08.  Priestcraft  in 
Perfection,  1710,  8vo.  This  work  attacks  the  XXth  Arti 
cle  of  the  Church  of  England.  It  elicited  several  answers 
and  comments,  (see  prefatory  epistle  to  Dr.  Bennet's  Essay 
on  the  XXXIX.  Articles,  1715,  8vo,)  which  were  responded 
to  by  Collins  in  1724  in  his  Hist,  and  Grit.  Essay  on  the 
XXXIX.  Articles.  Vindication  of  the  Divine  Attributes, 
1710,  8vo.  Discourse  on  Freethinking,  1713,  8vo.  This 
work  caused  much  excitement,  and  Collins,  alarmed,  as 
it  was  supposed,  at  the  noise  he  had  created,  took  a  trip 
(the  second)  to  Holland,  and  remained  on  the  Continent 
for  some  months. 

"In  this  work  Collins  inveighs  against  the  vices  of  the  clergy, 
and  attempts  to  prove  that  the  divisions  among  Ch  ristians  are  a 
proof  of  the  uncertainty  of  their  principles."— BOGUE. 


COL 


COL 


Several  answers  appeared,  and  the  great  Dr.  Bentley 
despatched  the  Discourse  at  a  single  blow  in  his  Remarks 
upon  a  Late  Discourse  of  Freethinking,  in  a  Letter  to  F. 
H.,  D.D.,  [Dr.  Francis  Hare,]  in  two  parts,  by  Philileuthe- 
rus  Lipsiensis,  Lon.,  1713,  8vo,  1719;  and  Camb.,  1743, 
8vo.  In  the  next  year,  1714,  Lon.,  8vo.,  Dr.  Hare  pub. 
The  Clergyman's  Thanks  to  Philileutherus,  &c.  Bentley's 
•work  was  trans,  into  several  foreign  languages. 

"  It  should  be  studied  by  every  man  who  is  desirous  of  forming 
just  notions  of  biblical  criticism.  His  observations  on  the  various 
readings  of  the  New  Testament  are  especially  worthy  of  attention." 
— ORME  :  Bibl.  Bib. 

Philosophical  Inquiry  concerning  Human  Liberty  and 
Necessity,  1715,  '17,  8vo:  trans,  into  French,  and  printed 
by  Des  Maizeaux  in  the  Recueil  de  Pieces  sur  la  Philoso 
phic,  &c.,  Amst.,  1720,  2  vols.  12mo.  A  Discourse  of  the 
Grounds  and  Reasons  of  the  Christian  Religion,  1724,  8vo. 

"  In  this  the  author  maintains  that  Christianity  derives  no  con 
firmation  from  the  prophecies  of  the  Old  Testament." — BOGUE. 

This  discourse  was  replied  to  by  Whiston,  Bishop  Chan 
dler,  Dr.  Samuel  Clarke,  Dr.  Sykes,  and  Dr.  Sherlock,  and 
others :  no  less  than  35  answers  appeared.  Whiston  treats 
"  Collins  and  Toland  in  very  severe  terms,  as  guilty  of 
impious  frauds  and  laycraft." 

In  1726  Collins  pub.  Scheme  of  Literal  Prophecy  con 
sidered,  in  view  of  the  controversy  occasioned  by  a  late 
book,  entitled  A  Discourse  of  the  Grounds,  <fcc.,  Hague,  2 
vols.  12mo;  with  corrections,  Lon.,  1727,  8vo.  Letter  to 
Dr.  Rogers  on  his  8  serms.  concerning  the  Necessity  of 
Divine  Revelation,  Lon.,  1727,  8vo. 

"  Collins  is  one  of  the  most  subtle  and  mischievous  of  his  tribe. 
He  rejects  as  inadmissible  every  kind  of  testimony  in  behalf  of 
Christianity,  except  that  which  may  be  drawn  from  Prophecy  li 
terally  accomplished;  and  this  he  represents  as  the  sole  and  exclu 
sive  evidence  on  which  our  Lord  and  his  Apostles  rested  the  proof 
of  the  Christian  Faith."— BISHOP  VAX  MILDERT. 

See  Leland's  Deistical  Writers ;  Collier's  Eccles.  Hist.  ; 
Whiston's  Life ;  Biog.  Brit. ;  Curll's  Collec.  of  Letters. 

Collins,  Arthur,  1682-1760,  a  laborious  antiquary 
and  heraldic  writer.  Late  in  life  he  received  a  pension  of 
£400  from  George  II.  Peerage  of  England:  first  ed., 
Lon.,  1709,  8vo;  many  edits.;  the  3d  ed.,  being  the  last 
pub.  under  the  superintendence  of  the  author,  contains 
memorials  and  letters  of  Henry,  Earl  of  Northumberland, 
which  were  suppressed. in  the  subsequent  edits.  Anew 
edit.,  augmented  and  continued  to  1812,  was  pub.  by  Sir 
Egerton  Brydges  in  1812,  9  vols.  8vo. 

'"  The  work  of  Sir  Egerton  Brydges  is  one  of  the  highest  value. 
In  the  hands  of  a  man  of  genius  the  annals  of  the  noble  families 
of  England  acquire  all  the  historical  interest  that  the  subject  de 
mands." 

Baronettage  of  England,  1720,  2  vols.  8vo;  2d  ed.,  en 
titled  An.  Hist,  and  General  Account  of  Baronets,  &c., 
1742,  2  vols.  8vo. 

"  This  work  is  of  necessary  reference  to  the  genealogical  writer, 
as  containing  accounts  of  families  which  became  extinct  previous 
to  any  subsequent  publication." — LOWNDES. 

The  English  Baronage,  1727,  4to,  vol.  i. ;  all  pub.  This 
was  intended  as  a  specimen  of  a  Baronage  upon  an  ex 
tended  plan.  Life  of  W.  Cecil,  Lord  Burleigh,  1732,  8vo. 
Proceedings,  Precedents,  <fcc.  on  claims  and  controversies 
concerning  Baronies,  <fcc.,  1734,  fol.  Antiquaries,  and 
members  of  the  legal  profession,  should  have  this  volume 
on  their  shelves.  Life,  Ac.  of  Edward,  Prince  of  Wales, 
son  of  Edward  III.,  1740,  8vo.  Family  of  Harley,  1741, 
8vo.  Sidney's  Family  Collections  of  Letters  and  Memo 
rials  of  State,  1746,  2  vols.  fol.  Hist.  Collections  of  the 
Noble  Families  of  Cavendish,  Holies,  Vere,  Harley,  and 
Ogle,  Lon.,  1752,  fol.  Compiled  at  the  request  of  the 
Countess  Dowager  of  Oxford. 

"The  merit  of  Collins's  works  is  unquestionable,  and  to  the 
present  day  they  have  continued  the  great  authorities  to  which 
all  subsequent  writers  on  the  same  subject  have  had  recourse." — 
MOULE. 

"  To  the  industry  of  Collins  this  country  owes  an  account  of  its 
Nobility  which  few  others  can  show,  and  certainly  none  more  cor 
rect  in  genealogical  detail."— DALLAW AT. 

Collins,  C.  T.  Summary  of  Mosheim's  Eccl.  Hist., 
Lon.,  1822,  2  vols.  8vo.  The  Lost  Church  Found,  2d  ed., 
1837,  8vo. 

Collins,  Charles,  D.D.,  born  1813,  at  Cumberland, 
Maine.  Graduated  at  Wesleyan  University,  1837.  Presi 
dent  of  the  Emory  and  Henry  College,  Va.,  from  1838  to 
1852 ;  in  which  year  he  became  President  of  Dickinson 
College,  Pa.  Principal  work,  Methodism  and  Calvinism 
compared.  Has  contributed  extensively  to  the  Methodist 
Journals  of  U.  S. 

.  Collins,  Charles.  Iconea  Avium,  cum  nominibus 
Anglicis:  Designed  by  C.  Collins,  H.  Fletcher,  and  J. 
Myrde,  Sc.,  1736 ;  8  Engravings. 

Collins,  David,  1756-1810>  Judge  Advocate  of  New 


j  South  Wales,  subsequently  Governor  of  Van  Diemen's 
'  Land.      Account  of  the   English   Colony  in    New   South 

Wales,  with  some  Particulars  of   New  Zealand  from  Lt. 

Gov.  King's  MSS.,  &c.,  Lon.,  1798-1802,  2  vols.  4to. 
"  A  siugulai-ly  curious  and  painfully  interesting  Journal,  which 

may  be  considered  as  a  sort  of  Botany  Bay  Calendar."— ion. 

Quarterly  JReview. 

Collins,Francis.  Voyages  to  Portugal,  Spain,  Sicily, 
Malta,  Asia  Minor,  Egypt,<fcc.,  1794-1801,  Lon.,1808, 12mo. 

Collins,  G.  W.     The  Stamp  Acts,  Lon.,  1841,  8vo. 

Collins,  Greenville.    G.  B.  Coasting  Pilot,  1 693,  fol. 

Collins,  Hercules.     Theolog.  treatises,  1673-1702. 

Collins,  J.     Sermons. 

Collins,  John,  1624-1683,  an  eminent  mathematician, 
a  native  of  Wood  Eaton,  near  Oxford,  contributed  greatly 
to  the  diffusion  of  mathematical  knowledge.  Description 
and  use  of  three  Quadrants,  Lon.,  1658,  4to.  Geomet.  and 
Arithmet.  Navigation,  1659,  4to.  Geomet.  Dialling,  1659, 
4to.  Commercium  Epistolicum,  &c.,  1712,  4to.  Other 
publications. 

'•  Collins  was  the  register  of  all  the  new  improvements  made  in 
the  mathematical  science;  the  magazine  to  which  all  the  curious 
had  recourse;  and  the  common  repository  where  every  part  of 
useful  knowledge  was  to  be  found.  It  was  on  this  account  that 
the  learned  styled  him  '  the  English  Mercenus.' " 

See  Biog.  Brit. ;  Martin's  Biog.  Philos. 

Collins,  John  M.,  and  Ludlow,  James  R.,  editors 
of  the  2d  Amer.  edit,  of  Adams's  (John,  Jr.)  Equity,  1852, 
8vo.  The  value  of  Mr.  Adams's  work  on  The  Doctrine  of 
Equity  can  hardly  be  exaggerated.  It  is  a  commentary  on 
the  Law  as  administered  by  the  Court  of  Chancery ;  being 
the  substance,  with  additions,  of  three  series  of  Lectures 
delivered  before  the  Incorporated  Law  Society  of  London, 
in  the  years  1842-45.  The  volume  was  pub.  in  Nov.,  1849, 
shortly^  after  the  death  of  the  author,  who  had  added  his 
final  corrections  to  the  whole  of  the  work,  with  the  excep 
tion  of  the  last  four  chapters  of  the  fourth  book.  The  3d 
American  ed.,  by  H.  Wharton,  reflects  great  credit  on  the 
editors  and  publishers. 

"  The  task  of  the  American  editors  has  been  well  performed. 
Their  notes  are  frequent,  able,  and  full.  Over  two  thousand  cases 
from  our  reports  have  been  added.  The  typographical  execution 
of  the  work  is  of  the  highest  order.  In  paper  and  printing,  no 
law  books  in  the  United  States  surpass  the  recent  publications  of 
the  Messrs.  Johnson." — American  Law  .Register,  Nov.,  1852. 

"  The  character  of  the  work  is  well  established,  as  is  proved  by 
a  demand  for  a  second  edition  in  this  country,  whose  value  is 
much  increased  by  the  labours  of  its  American  editors." — JUDGB 
GRIER. 

"  The  notes  of  Mr.  Ludlow  and  Mr.  Collins  have  been  prepared 
carefully,  and  embody  very  fairly  the  American  decisions  on  the 
topics  discussed  in  the  text." — JUDGE  KANE. 

"  Of  the  value  of  the  original  work  I  need  not  speak.  The  pre 
sent  edition  has  been  ably  and  carefully  enriched  with  annotations, 
which  add  greatly  to  its  value.  The  notes  are  judicious  and  accu 
rate." — JUDGE  SHARSWOOD. 

"  The  arrangement  is  clear  and  comprehensive;  the  doctrines 
are  generally  stated  with  accuracy,  and  the  whole  subject  is  judi 
ciously  presented." — E.  SPENCER  MILLER. 

"  It  is  a  treatise  of  great  merit  and  originality."— JAMES  P.  HOL- 
COMBE,  Pi-of.  of  Equity  in  the  Univ.  of  Virginia. 

"  It  is  a  work  of  great  intrinsic  value,  enhanced  by  the  judicious 
and  well-selected  notes  of  Messrs.  Ludlow  and  Collins,  and  I  doubt 
not  will  be  highly  esteemed  by  the  profession." — S.  GREENLEAF. 

Collins,  Joshua,  an  assumed  name.  Address  on  the 
Choice  and  use  of  Books,  Lon.,  1802,  8vo;  4th  ed.,  1805, 
12mo ;  new  ed.,  revised  and  enlarged  by  Rev.  Saml.  Catlow, 
1812,  12mo. 

"  This  little  book  contains  the  best  list  of  English  works  known." 
—WATT. 

Collins,  Nicholas.  Summary  of  the  Statutes  con 
cerning  Justices  of  the  Peace;  4th  ed.,  1663,  12mo. 

Collins,  R.  N.  Sunday  School  Teacher's  Companion, 
with  introduc.  Essay  by  Rev.  Dr.  Moore,  Lon.,  1§43,  8vo. 
It  is  a  standing  reproach  to  selfish  men,  styled  Christians, 
that  Sunday  Schools  should  ever  lack  teachers. 

Collins,  Richard.  Country  Ganger's  Vade-Mecum, 
1677,  8vo. 

Collins,  Richard.     Serms.,  1705,  '15,  '16. 

Collins,  Samuel.    Serms.,  &c.,  1607,  '12,  '17. 

Collins,  Samuel,  M.D.  The  Present  State  of  Russia, 
Lon.,  1671,  12mo. 

"  We  can  answer  for  this  little  12mo  comprising  a  fund  of  amus 
ing  matter  infinitely  more  copious  than  many  very  large  and  fine 
works,  and  that  upon  not  very  dissimilar  subjects."  See  Review 
in  the  Lon.  Retrospective  Rev.,  xiv.  32,  1826. 

Collins,  Samuel.  Paradise  Retrieved;  or  the  Me 
thod  of  managing  and  improving  Fruit  Trees ;  with  a  Trea 
tise  on  Melons  and  Cucumbers,  Lon.,  1717,  8vo. 

Collins,  Thomas.  The  Penitent  Publican,  1610. 
The  Teares  of  Love,  or  Cupid's  Progresse,  1615,  4to.  See 
extracts  from  this  poetical  tract  in  Todd's  Milton. 

Collins,  Thomas.   Physic  and  Chirurgery,1658,8vo. 


COL 


COL 


Collins,  Thomas.  Dissertatio  de  Frigidse  Lava- 
tionis  Antiquitate  et  usu  in  Medicina,  Lyons,  1720,  4to. 

Collins,  Thomas.     Serms.,  1787,  '94. 

Collins,  Thomas.     Ready  Reckoner,  1801,  24mo. 

Collins,  W.     Memoir  of  George  Morland,  1806. 

Collins,  Walsingham.  Address  to  Rep.  in  Parlia 
ment,  Lon.,  1778,  8vo. 

Collins,  William,  1720-1756,  a  lyric  poet  of  the  first 
rank,  was  a  native  of  Chichester,  and  educated  at  Win 
chester  School,  and  Queen's  College,  and  Magdalen  College, 
Oxford.  Whilst  at  Winchester  he  wrote  his  Persian  Ec 
logues,  which  were  pub.  in  January,  1742. 

'•In  simplicity  of  description  and  expression,  in  delicacy  and 
softness  of  numbers,  and  iu  natural  and  unaffected  tenderness, 
they  are  not  to  be  equalled  by  any  thing  of  the  pastoral  kind  in 
the"  English  language."— LANGHOKNE. 

"  In  his  last  illness  he  spoke  with  disapprobation  of  his  Oriental 
Eclogues,  as  not  sufficiently  expressive  of  Asiatic  manners,  and 
called  them  his  Irish  Eclogues." — Life  by  Dr.  Johnson. 

About  1744  he  came  to  London,  "a  literary  adventurer, 
with  many  projects  in  his  head,  and  very  little  money  in 
his  pockets."  He  pub.  Proposals  for  a  History  of  the  Re 
vival  of  Learning,  planned  several  tragedies,  and  designed 
many  works  which  he  never  wrote. 

"  His  great  fault  was  irresolution;  or  the  frequent  calls  of  im 
mediate  necessity  broke  his  scheme,  and  suffered  him  to  pursue 
no  settled  purpose."— DR.  JOHNSON.  See  Disraeli's  comments  upon 
Johnson's  remarks :  Calamities  of  Authors. 

In  1747  he  pub.  his  Odes,  but  excellent  as  they  were, 
they  were  entirely  neglected,  and  Millar,  the  publisher,  was 
a  loser  by  the  operation.  In  1749  the  unsuccessful  poet 
received  a  legacy  of  £2000  from  the  executors  of  his  uncle, 
Colonel  Martin,  who  had  previously  befriended  him.  He 
paid  Millar  the  money  which  he  had  lost  by  the  Odes,  and 
threw  the  remaining  copies  into  the  fire.  An  irregular 
life  had  combined  with  mortification  and  disappointment 
to  unsettle  his  mind,  and  to  avert  the  fearful  calamity  with 
which  he  felt  himself  threatened,  he  travelled  for  some 
time  in  France,  in  hopes  of  benefit  from  change  of  scene. 
But  he  returned  home  to- enter  that  sad  mansion — a  luna 
tic  asylum;  from  which  he  retired  to  the  house  of  his  sister 
at  Chichester,  where  he  died  at  the  early  age  of  thirty-six. 
Johnson  visited  him  at  Islington,  and  gives  an  affecting 
account  of  the  interview.  Collins  held  a  volume  in  his 
hand.  "I  have  but  one  book,"  he  remarked,  "but  that  is 
the  best."  It  was  a  copy  of  the  New  Testament.  Several 
edits,  of  his  works  have  been  pub. ;  one  of  the  best  of  which 
is  that  by  Rev.  Alexander  Dyce,  which  includes  the  Life  by 
Johnson,  and  Observations  on  his  Writings  by  Dr.  Lang- 
horne,  Lon.,  1827,  r.  8vo.  See  Collections  of  English 
Poetry  by  Johnson,  Bell,  Anderson,  Ac.  The  Odes  on  the 
Passions,  To  Evening,  To  the  Brave,  To  Mercy,  and  On 
the  Death  of  Thomson,  can  never  become  obsolete.  We 
append  some  opinions  upon  the  works  of  this  truly  excel 
lent  poet : 

"The  works  of  Collins  will  abide  comparison  with  whatever 
Milton  wrote  under  the  age  of  thirty.  If  they  have  rather  less 
exuberant  wealth  of  genius,  they  have  more  exquisite  touches  of 
pathos.  Like  Milton,  he  leads  us  into  the  haunted  ground  of 
imagination :  like  him,  he  has  the  rich  economy  of  expression  hal 
lowed  with  thought,  which  by  single  or  few  words  often  hints 
entire  pictures  to  the  imagination.  .  .  .  Had  he  lived  to  enjoy  and 
adorn  existence,  it  is  not  easy  to  conceive  his  sensitive  spirit  and 
harmonious  ear  descending  to  mediocrity  in  any  path  of  poetry; 
yet  it  may  be  doubted  if  his  mind  had  not  a  passion  for  the  vi 
sionary  and  remote  forms  of  imagination  too  strong  and  exclusive 
for  the  general  purposes  of  the  drama."— Campbell's  Lives  of  the 
Itets. 

"  One  of  our  most  exquisite  poets,  and  of  whom,  perhaps,  with 
out  exaggeration,  it  may  be  asserted,  that  he  partook  of  the  cre 
dulity  and  enthusiasm  of  Tasso,  the  magic  wildness  of  Shakspeare 
the  sublimity  of  Milton,  and  the  pathos  of  Ossian."— Drake's  Lite 
rary  Hours. 

"  He  had  a  wonderful  combination  of  excellencies.  United  to 
splendour  and  sublimity  of  imagination,  he  had  a  richness  of  eru 
dition,  a  keenness  of  research,  a  nicety  of  taste,  and  an  elegance 
and  truth  of  moral  reflection,  which  astonished  those  who  had  the 
luck  to  be  intimate  with  him."— SIR  EGERTON  BRTDGES. 

"  Of  all  our  minor  poets,  that  is,  those  who  have  attempted  onl, 
short  pieces,  Collins  is  probably  the  one  who  has  shown  most  of 
the  higher  qualities  of  poetry,  and  who  excites  the  most  intense 
interest  in  the  bosom  of  the  reader.  He  soars  into  the  regions  of 
imagination,  and  occupies  the  highest  peaks  of  Parnassus.  His 
fancy  is  glowing  and  vivid,  but  at  the  same  time  hasty  and  obscure 
He  has  the  true  inspiration  of  the  poet.  He  heats  and  melts  ob 
jects,  in  the  fervour  of  his  genius,  as  in  a  furnace." — HAZUTT. 

"  Hia  diction  was  often  harsh  and  unskilfully  laboured  and  in 
judiciously  selected.  He  affected  the  obsolete  when  it  was  110 
worthy  of  revival;  and  he  puts  his  words  out  of  the  common 
order,  seeming  to  think,  with  some  later  candidates  for  fame,  tha 
not  to  write  prose  is  certainly  to  write  poetry.  His  lines  com 
monly  are  of  slow  motion,  clogged  and  impeded  with  clusters  of 
consonants.  As  men  are  often  esteemed  who  cannot  be  loved,  so 
the  poetry  of  Collins  may  sometimes  extort  praise  when  it  jri'ves 
little  pleasure."— JOHNSON  :  Lives  of  the  English  Poets 


"  Though  utterly  neglected  on  their  first  appearance,  the  Odea 
>f  Collins,  in  the  course  of  one  generation,  without  any  adventi- 
:ious  aid  to  bring  them  into  notice,  were  acknowledged  to  be  the 
>est  of  their  kind  in  the  language.  Silently  and  imperceptibly 
they  had  risen  by  their  own  buoyancy ;  and  their  power  was  felt  by 
every  reader  who  had  any  poetic  feeling." — SOUTHEY. 

An  excellent  ed.  of  Collins's  works  was  edited  by  Mr. 
Thomas  and  pub.  Lon.,  1858,  8vo. 

Collins,  William  Wilkie,  b.  1824,  in  London. 
1.  Memoirs  of  his  Father,  William  Collins,  R.A.,  the  cele 
brated  painter,  Lon.,  1848,  2  vols.  p.  8vo. 

Sometimes  the  son  describes  a  picture  as  happily  as  the  father 
painted  it."— Lon.  Examiner. 

"Most  interesting  and  instructive  volumes.  In  speaking  of 
himself,  he  describes  with  much  simplicity  a  frame  of  mind  well 
calculated  for  the  achievement  of  distinction  in  any  walk  of  life, 
but  more  especially  in  the  profession  of  art." — Lon.  Art  Journal. 

2.  Antonina;  or,  The  Fall  of  Rome;  2d  ed.,  1850.  3. 
Rambles  beyond  Railways,  1851,  8vo.  4.  Basil,  1852,  3 
vols.  p.  8vo;  1856,  12mo.  5.  Mr.Wray's  Cash-Box,  1852, 
12mo.  6.  Hide  and  Seek,  1854,  3  vols.  p.  8vo.  7.  After 
Dark,  1856,  12mo.  8.  Dead  Secret,  1857,  2  vols.  p.  8vo. 

Mr.  Wilkie  Collins  has  justified  the  expectations  that  were 
formed  of  him  on  the  appearance  of  his  first  acknowledged  romance, 
Antonina.'  Since  theu  helms  gone  on  steadily  improving,  each 
rork  making  progress  on  the  preceding  one;  and  this,  we  believe, 
is  the  most  acceptable  praise  that  can  be  offered  to  an  artist.  In 
his  earlier  works  he  delighted  in  the  morbid  anatomy  and  painful 
delineation  of  monstrous  growths  of  miscalled  human  nature.  Aa 
his  mind  has  matured  and  mellowed,  it  has  become  healthier.  Mr. 
Wilkie  Collins  has  his  faculty  of  invention  well  under  control;  and 
he  keeps  clear  of  extravagance  either  in  style  or  incident." — Lon. 
Athen.,  Mar.  1, 1856 :  After  Dark. 

His  works  have  been  translated  into  French  and  German. 
Collinson,  G.  D.     A  Treatise  on  the  Law  concern 
ing  Idiots,  Lunatics,  and  other  Persons  Non  Compotes 
Mentis,  Lon.  1812,  2  vols.  8vo. 

"  Collinson  on  Lunacy,  I  take  this  occasion  to  say,  is  a  valuable 
work,  both  for  doctrine  and  precedents,  on  this  melancholy  sub 
ject  of  the  human  mind  in  ruins."— CHANCELLOR  KENT. 

Collinson,John.  Life  of  Thuanus,  <fcc.,Lon.,1807,8vo. 
"  It  is  said  that  Lord  Chancellor  Hardwicke  resigned  the  seals 
that  he  might  have  leisure  to  peruse  Thuanus's  History." 

The  best  edit,  of  Thuanus's  Historiam  sui  Temporis  is 
Buckley's,  Londini,  1753,  7  vols.  fol.  Analysis  of  Hook 
er's  Eccles.  Polity,  1810,  8vo.  Key  to  the  Fathers;  being 
8  Sermons  at  the  Bampton  Lecture,  1813,  8vo. 

"  We  recommend  this  work  either  as  a  key  to  those  who  are  de 
sirous  of  scrutinizing  these  rich  treasures  of  antiquity  (the  Fa 
thers)  in  the  course  of  their  own  labours ;  or  as  the  best  substitute 
for  them,  to  those  who  wish  only  to  be  generally  acquainted  with 
their  contents." — British  Critic. 

Preparation  for  the  Gospel,  Ac.,  1830,  8vo. 
Collinson,   John.     Beauties  of  British  Antiquity; 
selected  from  the  writings  of  esteemed  Antiquaries,  Lon., 
1780,  8vo.     Hist,  and  Antiq.  of  the  County  of  Somerset, 
Bath,  1791,  3  vols.  4to. 

Collinson,  Peter,  1693-1768,  an  eminent  botanist, 
a  native  of  Westmoreland,  contributed  many  valuable  pa 
pers  to  the  Phil.  Trans.  See  1729,  '44,  '50,  '55,  '59,  '64, 
'67.  A  paper  of  his  relating  to  the  Round  Tower  at  Ard- 
mere  in  Ireland  will  be  found  in  Archaeologia,  i.  305, 1770. 
This  was  answered  by  B.  0.  Salusbury,  in  p.  80  of  vol.  2d. 
An  Account  of  P.  Collinson  was  printed,  not  pub.,  Lon., 
1770,  4to.  Dr.  J.  C.  Lettsom  pub.  in  1786,  8vo,  Memoirs 
of  Drs.  Fothergill,  Cuming,  Cleghorn,  Russel,  and  Col 
linson.  A  Tribute  to  Peter  Collinson  was  contributed  by 
the  late  Wm.  H.  Dillingham  of  Philadelphia  to  the  Biblical 
Repertory,  Princeton,  (New  Jersey,)  and  since  pub.  in 
pamphlet  form.  See  also  Nichols's  Literary  Anecdotes 
for  notices  of  Peter  Collinson. 

Collis,  Edward.     Medical  treatise,  Lon.,  1791,  8vo. 
Collisson.  M.  A.     17  Sermons,  1848,  12mo. 
Collop,  John.  M.D.     Poesy  revived.     Odi  Profanum 
Vulgus  et  Arceo,  Lon.,  1656,  8vo.  Iter  Satyricum,  1660,  4to. 
Collot,  A.  G.,  b.  1796,  in  France.    Settled  in  America. 
Complete  Study  of  French,  6  vols.     French  and  English, 
and  English  and  French  Dictionary,  8vo,  pp.  1300      Phi 
ladelphia,  1853. 

"A  very  valuable  and  reliable  work." 

Colls,  John  H.  Poetical  and  dramat.  works,  1785- 
1805. 

Colly,  Anthony.     Golden  Purging  Pills,  1671,  4to. 
Collyer,  B.    Fugitive  Pieces  for  Schools,  2  vols.  12mo. 
Collyer,   David,   Vicar  of  Great   Coxwell,   Berks. 
The  Sacred  Interpreter,  Lon.,  1726,  2  vols.  8vo. ;  trans, 
into  German  in  1750.     Several  English  edits.;  the  last 
Lon.,  1831,  8vo. 

"  This  work  is  calculated  for  readers  in  general,  and  is  a  good 
popular  preparation  for  the  study  of  the  Holy  Scriptures."— BISHOP 

Also  recommended  by  Bishops  Watson,  Lloyd,  Van 
Mildert,  Drs.  E.  Williams,  Burton,  and  others. 


COL 


COL 


"It  is  not  a  profound  or  critical  book;  but  it  is  a  tolerable  in 
troduction  to  the  Scriptures."— ORME. 

Collyer,  J.  1.  Sermon.  2.  Remarks,  1812. 
Collyer,  John.  New  Game  Act,  Lon.,  1831,  12mo. 
Criminal  Statutes,  <fcc.,  Analyzed  and  Arranged,  1832, 
12mo.  Reports  of  Cases  in  H.  C.  of  Chancery,  H.  T.,  1844 
to  II.  T.,  1845, 1845-47,  2  vols.  r.  8vo.,  continued  by  Messrs. 
De  Gex  and  Smale.  Practical  Treatise  on  the  Law  of 
Partnership,  2d  ed.,  greatly  enlarged,  Lon.,  1840,  8vo. 
1st  and  2d  ed.,  American  edits.,  by  W.  Phillips  and  E. 
Pickering,  Springfield,  1834-39 ;  3d  Amer.  edit.,  by  J.  C. 
Perkins  with  large  addits.,  Boston,  1848;  and  4th  Amer. 
edit,  with  Perkins's  notes,  1853. 

"  In  the  preparation  of  this  work,  Mr.  Perkins  has  rendered  a 
benefit  to  the  profession  which  should  not  pass  unnoticed."— Law 
Reporter. 

"  The  best  English  treatise  on  the  law  of  partnership  is  unques 
tionably  that  of  Mr.  Collyer,  as  containing  a  full  statement  of  the 
principal  decisions  of  Lord  Eldon,  whose  subtle  and  powerful  legal 
intellect  pre-eminently  distinguished  itself  in  cases  of  partnership 
and  bankruptcy." — Warren's  Law  Studies,  761. 

Collyer,  John  B.  Sermon,  1806.  Charge,  1846. 
Collyer,  Joseph,  d.  1776.  Parent's  Directory,  1761. 
Trans,  from  the  German  :  Noah,  1767,  2  vols.  12mo.  Hist, 
of  Lady  S.,  1776,  2  vols.  8vo.  Continuation  of  Klopstock's 
Messiah,  commenced  by  his  wife,  Mary  Collyer,  pub.  in 
1763,  2  vols.  12mo.  Collyer  also  pub.  the  Hist,  of  Eng 
land,  1775,  14  vols.  12mo,  and  assisted  in  writing  a  Geog. 
Hist,  and  Biog.  Diet,  of  the  World,  1772,  2  vols.  fol.  His 
works  are  now  forgotten. 

Collyer,  Mary,  d.  1763,  wife  of  the  preceding.  Let 
ters  from  Felicia  to  Charlotte,  Lon.,  1750,  3  vols.  12mo. 
Trans,  of  Gesner's  Death  of  Abel,  1761,  12mo.  She  com 
menced  a  trans,  of  Klopstock's  Messiah,  but  did  not  finish 
it.  It  was  completed  by  her  husband,  and  pub.  in  1763, 
2  vols.  12mo. 

Collyer,  William  Bengo,  D.D.,  d.  1854,  Minister 
of  the  Independent  Chapel,  Peckham.  Lectures  on  Scrip 
ture  Facts,  Lon.,  1807  ;  On  Scripture  Prophecy,  1809  ;  On 
Scripture  Miracles,  1812;  On  Scripture  Parables,  1815 ; 
On  Scripture  Doctrines,  1818;  On  Scripture  Duties,  1820; 
On  Scripture  Comparisons,  1822 ;  in  all  7  vols.  8vo. 

"The  popular  Lectures  embrace  a  multitude  of  important  sub 
jects,  and  afford  strong  proofs  of  the  laborious  diligence  of  the  well- 
known  author.  They  do  not  contain  much  Biblical  criticism  or 
interpretation ;  which  indeed  would  scarcely  have  suited  the  wri 
ter's  plan  and  subject.  But  they  contain  many  interesting  views 
of  the  diversified  topics  which  they  discuss,  and  constantly  weave 
the  leading  principles  of  the  evangelical  system  into  every  subject." 
—ORME  :  BM.  Bib. 

Dr.  Collyer  pub.  some  other  works. 
Collyn,  Nich.     Justice  of  the  Peace,  Ac.,  1650,  8vo. 
Collyns,  W.,  Surgeon.     Ten  Minutes'  Advice  to  my 
Neighbours,  on  the  Use  and  Abuse  of  Salt  as  a  Manure, 
Exeter,  1827,  8vo. 

Colman,  Miss.  First  Lesson  in  French,  Phila., 
16mo.  Ladies'  Casket,  32mo.  Ladies'  Vase  of  Wild 
Flowers,  32mo. 

Colman,  Mrs.  The  Bridal  Keepsake,  New  York, 
1850,  8vo.  Innocence  of  Childhood,  New  York,  1850. 

"  Mrs.  Colman  writes  in  a  style  so  easy  and  so  true  to  nature, 
that  the  stories  contained  in  this  little  book  cannot  fail  to  please 
the  youthful  mind." — Boston  Transcript. 

Colman,  Benjamin,  D.D.,  b.  1673,  at  Boston,  and 
first  minister  of  the  Brattle  Street  Church,  graduated  at 
Harvard  College,  in  1692.  He  pub.  many  sermons  and 
other  works,  for  an  account  of  which  see  his  Life,  by  his 
son-in-law,  Mr.  Turell,  1749,  8vo.  Evangelical  Sermons 
Collected,  1707,  '22,  3  vols. 

"  The  reader  will  find  some  of  the  most  spiritual  and  evangeli 
cal  subjects  treated  with  a  vein  of  good  sense  and  true  piety,  and 
sacred  truth  agreeably  represented." — DR.  ISAAC  WATTS. 

Colman,  George,  1733  P-1794,  was  the  son  of  Thomas 
Colman,  British  resident  at  the  court  of  the  Grand  Duke  of 
Tuscany,  at  Pisa.  George  was  born  at  Florence,  but  placed 
early  in  life  at  Westminster  School,  where  he  attracted  at 
tention  by  his  talents  and  application.  He  was  elected  to 
Christ  Church  College,  Oxford,  in  1751,  and  took  the  degree 
of  M.A.  in  1758.  Upon  coming  to  London  he  studied  law, 
and  was  entered  of  the  Society  of  Lincoln's  Inn;  but  poetry 
and  the  drama  were  more  congenial  to  his  tastes,  and  Little 
ton  and  Blackstone  were  soon  abandoned.  His  first  drama 
tic  piece,  Polly  Honeycomb,  was  acted  at  Drury  Lane  in 
1760,  with  great  success;  and  his  reputation  was  increased 
by  The  Jealous  Wife,  which  appeared  in  the  next  year. 
When  quite  young,  he  had  contributed  some  excellent  pa 
pers  to  The  Connoisseur,  and  about  1761  he  pub.  many  hu 
morous  pieces  in  the  St.  James's  Chronicle,  (of  which  he 
was  proprietor,)  in  which  Bonnel  Thornton,  his  old  ally  in 
the  Connoisseur,  was  also  a  writer.  In  1761  Lord  Bath, 
a  connexion,left  him  a  handsome  annuity,  which  was  in- 
.414 


creased  by  the  demise  of  General  Pulteney  (Lord  Bath'a 
successor)  in  1767.  In  1764  he  pub.  a  Trans,  of  the  Come 
dies  of  Terence,  into  familiar  English  blank  Verse,  4to; 
and  1768,  2  vols.  8vo.  This  publication  displayed  uncom 
mon  abilities. 

"A  better  translation  cannot  be  expected ;  it  is  such  as  Terence 
deserved,  and  done  by  a  man  of  almost  equal  comic  powers  with 
himself." — DR.  A.  CLARKE. 

In  1768  he  became  one  of  the  proprietors  of  Covent- 
Garden  theatre,  from  which  he  soon  retired,  and  subse 
quently  conducted  the  Haymarket  theatre.  He  wrote 
pieces  (the  list  of  his  productions  includes  35)  for  the  stage, 
and  trans,  others  from  the  French.  In  1783  he  pub.  a  new 
Trans,  of  Horace^s  Art  of  Poetry,  with  a  commentary,  in 
which  he  overthrows  Dr.  Hurd's  hypothesis  of  the  origin 
of  this  work.  In  1789  he  lost  his  reason,  and  died  in  1794. 
His  Dramatic  Works  were  pub.  in  1777,  4  vols.  8vo.  This 
collection  does  not  contain  all  of  his  dramatic  publications. 
His  Miscellaneous  Works  were  pub.  in  1787,  3  vols.  12mo; 
and  some  particulars  of  his  Life,  written  by  himself,  in 

1795,  8vo. 

"  As  a  scholar  he  holds  a  very  respectable  rank,  as  may  be  seen 
by  his  translations  of  Horace's  Art  of  Poetry,  and  of  the  comedies 
of  Terence;  and  his  manners  were  as  pleasing  as  his  talents  were 
respectable." 

See  Biog.  Dramat. ;  Pref.  to  the  Connoisseur. 

Colman,  George,  the  younger,  1762-1836,  son  of  the 
preceding,  was  educated  at  Westminster  School,  Christ 
Church  College,  Oxford,  and  King's  College,  Aberdeen. 
He  wrote  many  plays,  of  which  The  Iron  Chest,  1796,  was 
perhaps  the  most  striking,  and  John  Bull  the  most  profit 
able.  Sir  Walter  Scott  commends  the  latter  highly.  See 
Biog.  Dramat.  He  also  pub.  My  Nightgown  and  Slippers, 
1797,  4to;  enlarged  and  repub.  under  the  title  of  Broad 
Grins,  Lon.,  1802,  8vo;  8th  edit.,  1839,  12mo. 

"  Few  books  have  caused  more  loud  laughs  than  the  Broad  Grins 
of  George  Colman  the  younger;  it  is  a  happy  union  of  mirth  and 
the  muse,  and  good  jokes  are  related  in  so  agreeable  and  facetious 
a  manner,  that  they  can  scarcely  be  forgotten." — Lon.  Lit.  Chron. 

"  What  antic  have  we  here,  in  motley  livery  of  red  and  yellow, 
with  cap  on  head,  and  dagger  of  lath  in  hand?  It  is  the  king's 
jester,  a  professed  droll,  strangely  gifted  in  all  grimace,  who  pulls 
faces,  and  sells  grins  by  the  yard.  For  the  impudent  joke  he  has 
scarcely  an  equal." — Westminster  Review. 

Poetical  Vagaries,  1812,  4to.  Vagaries  Defended,  1813, 
4to.  Eccentricities  for  Edinburgh;  Poems,  Edin.,  1816, 
8vo.  Poetical  Works ;  Broad  Grins,  Vagaries,  and  Eccen 
tricities,  Lon.,  1840, 24mo.  The  1st  edit,  of  The  Iron  Chest, 

1796,  8vo,  contains  severe  strictures  on  John  Philip  Kem- 
ble.     In  the  later  edits,  these  were  cancelled.     Random 
Recollections,  1830,  2  vols.  8vo. 

"  We  consider  these  volumes  to  offer  the  most  amusing,  if  not 
the  best,  specimen  of  Dramatic  Memoirs  hitherto  offered  to  the 
public." — Court  Journal. 

Colman,  Henry.  Serm.,  1711,  4to.  Essay. 
Colman,  Henry,  1785-1849,  b.  Boston.  Reports  of 
the  Agriculture  of  Massachusetts,  Boston,  1840,  Ac.  Euro- 
pean  Agriculture  and  Rural  Economy;  4th  ed.,  1851,  2 
vols.  8vo.  Agriculture  and  Rural  Economy  of  France, 
Belgium,  Holland,  and  Switzerland,  1848,  8vo.  European 
Life  and  Manners,  1849,  2  vols.  12mo.  Sermons,  2  vols. 

Colman, Morgan.  Genealogies  of  K.  James  and-Queen 
Anne,  his  wife,  from  the  Conquest,  1608, 4to.   See  GRANGER. 
Colman,  W.     La  Dance  Machabre,  or  Death's  Duell, 
Lon.,  163-,  12mo.     See  British  Bibliographer,  ii.  463. 
"  Though  not  perform'd  with  that  poeticke  fire, 
The  niceness  of  our  present  times  inspire; 
He  spoyles  the  operation  of  a  pill, 
Conformeth  it  onto  the  patient's  will." 

Poem  by  the  "  author  to  his  toot." 

Sold  at  Reed's  sale,  6661,  £7  15«. 

Colmore,  Matthew.  Oratio  Funebris,  Ac.,  Oxf., 
1613,  4to. 

Colnett,  James,  Capt.,  R.N.  Voyage  to  the  South 
Atlantic  and  Pacific  Ocean,  for  the  purpose  of  extending 
the  Spermaceti  Whale  Fisheries,  and  ascertaining  the  Is 
lands,  Ports,  Ac.,  Lon.,  1798,  4to.  This  Voyage  was  made 
in  1793,  '94,  and  extended  Northward  as  far  as  the  coast 
of  California, 

Colnett,  William,  D.D.     Serm.,  Lon.,  1711,  4to. 

Colpitts,  T.     Improvements  in  Police,  1803,  8vo. 

Colquhoun,  Mrs.  Maurice,  the  Elector  of  Saxony, 
Lon.,  3  vols.  p.  8vo. 

"  Mrs.  Colquhoun  has  spared  no  pains  or  research  to  make  her 
self  mistress  of  her  subject.  It  has  all  the  merits  of  a  sterling 
history." — Lon.  Literary  Gazette. 

"Interwoven  with  historical  facts,  we  have  a  romance  of  stirring 
adventure.  Tho  facility  of  invention  displayed  is  remarkable.  H 
teems  with  incidents.  The  style  is  fluent."— Court  Journal,. 

Colquhoun,D.C.  Animal  Magnetism,Lon.,3  vols.Svo. 

Colquhoun,  J.  C.  Education  in  Ireland,  Chclt.,  18^8, 
12mo.  Hints  on  the  question  now  affecting  the  Church  of 


COL 

Scotland,  Glasg.,  1840,  8vo.  Isis  Revelata:  Seven  Lec 
tures  OB  Somnambulism;  trans,  from  the  German  of  Dr. 
Arnold  Wienholt,  Lon.,  8vo. 

"  A  very  extraordinary  work,  full  of  profound  thought,  and  very 
elegantly  translated."— Lon.  Medical  Times. 

Magic,  Witchcraft,  Ac.,  1851,  2  vols.  p.  8vo.  Short 
Sketches  of  some  Notable  Lives,  1855,  12mo. 

Colquhoun,  Lady  Janet,  1781-1846,  daughter  of 
Sir  John  Sinclair  of  Ulster,  wife  of  Sir  James  Colquhoun 
of  Rossdhu.  Narrative  founded  on  Facts,  1822.  Thoughts 
on  the  Religious  Profession  and  Practice  of  Scotland,  1823. 
Impression  of  the  Heart,  1825.  Sorrowing  yet  Rejoicing. 

"  Pervaded  throughout  by  a  tone  of  the  most  evangelical  devo 
tion." — Scottish  Guardian. 

Despair  and  Hope.  The  Kingdom  of  God.  The  World's 
Religion  as  contrasted  with  Genuine  Christianity,  1839. 

"  We  should  particularly  recommend  this  excellent  volume  to 
be  put  into  the  hands  of  such  educated  young  females  as  admire 
the  writings  of  Hannah  More,  and  are  able  to  relish  them.  The 
pious  and  gifted  writer  treats  her  subjects  under  the  evident  in 
fluence  of  great  spirituality  of  feeling,  very  clearly,  and  very  im 
pressively." — Lon.  Watchman. 

The  Memoirs  of  this  excellent  woman  were  pub.  by  Rev. 
James  Hamilton,  Lon.,  1854;  4th  ed.,  Svo.  A  Memoir  of  her 
sister,  Miss  Hannah  Sinclair,  who  died  in  1818,  was  pub.  by 
Rev.  Legh  Richmond.  A  vol.  of  her  Letters  on  the  Prin 
ciples  of  Christian  Faith  was  given  to  the  world  after  her 
decease,  and  a  collective  ed.  of  her  works  in  1851,  Svo. 
Colquhoun,  John,  D.D.  Spirit.  Comfort,  1813, 12mo. 

"This  is  suited  rather  for  the  depressed,  than  the  backslider." — 

BlCKERSTETH. 

The  Covenant  of  Grace,  1818. 

Colquhoun,  John.  The  Moor  and  the  Loch,  Lon.,  I 
3d  edit.,  1851,  Svo. 

"  The  Moor  and  the  Loch  is  the  book  of  the  season."— Lon.  Sport-  \ 
ing  Review. 

"  Unpretending,  clear,  and  practical,  and  does  honour  to  the  j 
'  parent  lake.'    The  book  breathes  of  the  mountain  and  the  flood, 
and  will  carry  the  sportsman  back  to  the  days  of  his  youth." — Lon. 
Quarterly  Review. 

The  Rocks  and  Rivers  of  Scotland,  Lon.,  1849,  p.  Svo. 
"  Mr.  Colquhoun,  we  believe,  was  the  first  (with  one  exception) 
•who  occupied  this  field  of  letters :  assuredly  he  has  not  been  its 
least  successful  cultivator." — Edin.  Even.  Courant. 

Colquhouilj  Lud.     Report  of  the  Proceedings  under 
a  Brieve  of  Idiotry,  Duncan  v.  Yoolow,  Edin.,  1837,  Svo. 
"  A  work  of  no  ordinary  value." — Ed.  Med.  and  Surg.  Jour. 
Colquhoun,  Patrick,  LL.D.,  1745-1820,  a  native  of 
Scotland.     Police  of  the  Metropolis,  Lon.,  1796,  Svo;  8th 
edit.,  1806,  Svo. 

"  A  curious,  important,  and  interesting  work." — LOWNDES. 
Commerce  and  Police  of  the  River  Thames,  1800,  Svo. 
Treatise  on  Indigence,  1806,  Svo.     On  the  Wealth,  Power, 
and  Resources  of  the  British  Empire;  2d  edit.,  1815,  4to. 
"  This  work  enjoyed  for  a  while  a  considerable  degree  of  popu 
larity,  to  which  it  certainly  had  but  slender  claims.    It  is,  from 
beginning  to  end,  a  tissue  of  extravagant  hypotheses  and  exagge 
ration."—  McCuLLOCH :  Lit.  of  Polit.  Economy. 

System  of  Education  for  the  labouring  People,  1806,  Svo. 
Colquhoun,  Patrick.     Summary  of  Roman  Civil 
Law,  illustrated  by  Commentaries  on,  and  Parables  from, 
the  Mosaic,  Canon,  Mohammedan,  English,  and  Foreign 
Law;  vol.  i.,  Lon.,  1850,  r.  Svo;  vol.  ii.,  1851-53. 
Colrane.     See  COLERAINE,  LORD. 
Colse,  Peter.      Penelope's  Complaint;  or  a« Mirror 
for  Wanton  Minions.     Taken  out  of  Homer's  Odissea,  and 
written  in  English  Verse,  Lon.,  1596,  4to :  32  leaves.     A 
copy  in  a  bookseller's  catalogue  is  priced  £15  15s. 

"  While  Peter  Colse  indulged  an  obliquity  of  reflection  against 
"Willobie's  Avisa,  he  avowedly  imitated  its  style  and  structure  of 
lyric  versification."— Restituta,  iii.  532. 

Colson.     Langue  Toscane,  Lon.,  Svo. 
Colson,  Charles.     Serm.  on  the  Eucharist,  1844,  Svo. 
Colson,  John,  d.  1760,  Prof,  of  Mathematics  at  Cam 
bridge.     Method  of  Fluxions,  <fec.,  trans,  from  the  Latin  of 
Sir  I.  Newton,  Lon.,  1736,  4to.      Analytical  Institutions, 
from  the  Italian  of  Agnesi ;  edited  by  John  Hellins,  1801, 
2  vols.  4to.     Con.  to  Phil.  Trans.,  1707,  '26,  '36, 

Colson,  Nath.     Mariner's  N.  Kalendar,  1697,  4to. 
Colson,  Wm.     1.  Arith.     2.  Fr.  Grammar,  1612,  '20. 
Colston,  Launcelot.     Philosophia  Maturatae  ;  con 
taining  the  practical  part  thereof  in  giving  the  Philosopher's 
Stone ;  whereunto  is  added  a  work  compiled  by  St.  Dunstan, 
Lon.,  1668,  12mo. 

Colston,  Marianne.  Journal  of  a  Tour  in  France, 
Switzerland,  and  Italy,  1819,  '20,  21 ;  and  50  Prints  illus 
trative  of  the  above  Tour. 

"  The  Author  appears  to  have  been  indefatigable  in  her  researches, 
and  she  has  given  us  descriptions  of  every  object  in  her  route 
^which  was  worthy  of  the  smallest  notice;  so  that  her  volume  will 
be  a  great  acquisition  to  future  Tourists,  as  well  as  a  fund  of  in 
formation  and  amusement  to  stay-at-home  Travellers." — European 
Mcig.>  Aug.  1823. 


COL 

Coltheart,  P.     Quacks  Unmasked,  1727,  4to. 
Colthrop,  Sir  Henry.     The  Liberties,  Usages,  and 
Customs  of  the  City  of  London,  Lon.,  1642,  4to.     Reprinted 
in  the   Somers   Collection  of  Tracts,  vol.  v. 

Coltman,  John,  d.  1808.  Every  Man's  Monitor,  1781, 
12mo ;  a  collection  of  sentences  and  maxims. 

Coltman,  N.  New  Traveller's  Companion,  1808,  4to. 
Colton,  Caleb  C.,  d.  1832,  Vicar  of  Kew  and  Peter 
sham,  was  educated  at  Eton  and  King's  College,  Cambridge. 
Narrative  of  the  Sampford  Ghost,  1810,  Svo.  Hypocrisy, 
a  satirical  Poem,  1812-,  Svo.  Napoleon,  a  Poem,  1812,  Svo. 
Lines  on  the  Conflagration  of  Moscow,  1816,  Svo.  Lacon, 
or  Many  Things  in  Few  Words,  1820,  Svo;  6th  ed.,  1821; 
vol.  ii.,  1822.  In  th«  preparation  of  this  work,  Mr.  C. 
profited  by  the  Essays  of  Bacon  and  the  Materials  of 
Burdon.  It  is  one  of  the  most  excellent  collections  of 
apothegms  in  the  language,  but  benefited  none  less  than 
the  author.  A  passion  for  gaming  involved  him  in  embar 
rassments,  which  forced  him  to  abscond  to  America  in  1828, 
to  avoid  his  creditors.  He  next  took  up  his  residence  at 
Paris,  where  he  was  so  successful  at  play  that  in  two  years 
or  less  he  is  said  to  have  cleared  £25,000.  A  dread  of  an 
impending  surgical  operation  so  preyed  upon  his  mind,  that 
he  blew  out  his  brains  whilst  on  a  visit  to  Major  Sherwell 
at  Fontainebleau.  What  a  commentary  upon  one  of  his 
own  apothegms  in  Lacon  : 

"  The  gamester,  if  he  die  a  martyr  to  his  profession,  is  doubly 
ruined.  He  adds  his  soul  to  every  other  loss,  and  by  the  act  of 
suicide,  renounces  earth  to  forfeit  heaven!" 

Colton,  Rev.  Calvin,  1789-1857,  a  native  of  Long 
Meadow,  Massachusetts,  graduated  at  Yale  College  in 
1812.  In  1831  he  visited  England,  where  he  remained  for 
four  years  as  a  correspondent  of  the  New  York  Observer. 
He  was  appointed  Prof,  of  Political  Economy  in  Trinity 
College,  Hartford.  1.  A  Manual  for  Emigrants  to  America, 
Lon.,  1832.  2.  History  and  Character  of  American  Re 
vivals  of  Religion;  3d  ed.  3.  The  Americans;  by  an 
American  in  London,  1833.  4.  The  American  Cottager. 
5.  A  Tour  of  American  Lakes,  2  vols.  6.  Church  and 
State  in  America;  being  a  Reply  to  the  Bishop  of  London. 
7.  Four  Years  in  Great  Britain,  N.Y.,  1835.  8.  Protestant 
Jesuitism,  1836.  9.  Thoughts  on  the  Religious  State  of  the 
Country,  and  Reasons  for  Preferring  Episcopacy, — written 
by  Mr.  C.  at  the  time  he  left  the  Presbyterian  ministry 
and  took  orders  in  the  Episcopal  Church.  10.  Abolition 
a  Sedition,  and  Abolition  and  Colonization  Contrasted, 
1838.  11.  A  Voice  from  America  to  England,  1839.  12. 
The  Crisis  of  the  Country,  1840.  13.  Junius  Tracts,  1840- 
43-44.  14.  The  Rights  of  Labor,  1844.  15.  Public 
Economy  for  the  United  States,  1848,  Svo.  16.  Genius 
and  Mission  of  the  Protestant  Episcopal  Church  in  the 
U.S.,  1853.  In  1844  he  visited  Henry  Clay,  and  obtained 
from  him  the  necessary  materials  for  the  preparation  of 
his  Life  and  Speeches,  N.Y.,  1844,  2  vols.  Svo.  After  Mr. 
Clay's  death  he  edited  Private  Correspondence  of  Henry 
Clay,  1855,  Svo.  Last  Seven  Years  of  the  Life  of  Henry 
Clay,  1856,  Svo.  Speeches  of  Henry  Clay,  1S57,  2  vols.  Svo. 
Colton,  George  Hooker,  1818-1847.  Tecumseh, 
or  The  West  Thirty  Years  Since;  a  Poem,  New  York,  1842, 
12mo.  An  edit,  of  Cormenin's  Orators  of  France,  with  an 
Essay  by  J.  T.  Headley,  from  the  16th  Paris  ed.,  1S47, 12mo» 
In  1844  Mr.  Colton  established  the  American  Review. 
Colton,  J.  O.  Greek  Reader. 
Colton,  Thomas.  De  Chylosi  Vitiata,  Lugd.  Bat., 
1691,  4to. 

Colton,  Walter,  1797-1851,  a  native  of  Rutland, 
Vermont,  was  educated  at  Yale  College,  and  the  theological 
seminary  at  Andover.  In  1820  he  was  appointed  chaplain 
in  the  U.  S.  Navy,  which  situation  enabled  him  to  gratify 
his  love  for  travel,  the  results  of  which  he  has  given  to  the 
world  in  his  popular  volumes.  Mr.  C.  was  the  author  of 
some  poetical  pieces  also.  He  held  for  some  time  the  office 
of  Alcalde  of  Monterey.  Ship  and  Shore;  new  ed.,  edited 
by  Rev.  Henry  T.  Cheever.  1851,  12mo. 

"  A  most  sprightly  and  aumsing  book  of  Travels,  which  made 
for  its  young  author  a  reputation  at  once.  .  .  .  The  present  edition 
has  been  remodelled  under  the  tasteful  and  experienced  eye  of  Mr. 
Cheever,  whose  ample  knowledge  of  the  localities  finely  qualifies 
him  for  the  service." 

A  Visit  to  Constantinople  and  Athens;  new  ed.,  entitled 
Land  and  Lee  in  the  Bosphorus  and  JEgean,  edited  by  Rev. 
H.  T.  Cheever.  1851,  12mo. 

"  Replete  with  information  descriptive  of  Oriental  life  and  man 
ners,  customs  and  scenery."— Parser's  Journal. 

Deck  and  Port :  Incidents  of  a  Cruise  to  California. 
"  A  charming  book,  full  of  information  and  entertainment." 
Three  Years  in  California.     1850,  12mo. 
"Graphic,  instructive,  and  often  in  the  most  provoking  degree 
mirthful." — National  Intelligencer. 


COL 


COM 


The  Sea  and  the  Sailor;  and  other  Literary  Remains  of  [ 
Kev.  Walter  Colton,  with  a  Memoir  edited  by  Rev.  H.  T. 
Cheever.    1851,  12mo. 

Columbanus,  St.,  supposed  to  have  been  born  about 
540,  died  615,  was  a  native  of  the  province  of  Leinster, 
Ireland,  according  to  respectable  authorities, — though  Mac 
kenzie  claims  him  as  a  North  Briton.  He  founded  the 
monastery  of  Luxeuil,  near  Besancon,  in  France,  which  he 
governed  for  twenty  years.  In  613  he  founded  the  Abbey 
of  Bobio,  near  Naples,  and  died  there,  Nov.  21,  615.  His 
poems  "were  first  printed  collectively  by  Goldasti  in  his 
Parametici  Veteres,  4  Insul.,  1604.  They  are  in  vol.  viii. 
of  the  Bibl.  Magna  Patrum,  Par.,  1644,  fol.,  and  in  vol.  xii. 
of  the  Bibl.  Maxima  Patrum,  Lyons,  1677.  His  prose- 
writings,  consisting  of  theolog.  discourses,  penitentials, 
letters,  Ac.,  will  be  found  in  the  two  Bibliothecee  noticed 
above,  and  in  the  Collectanea  of  Fleming,  Augs.,  1621,  8vo. 

Colvil,  Saml.  The  Grand  Imposture  Discovered, 
Edin.,  1673,  4to.  The  Whigg's  Supplication,  or  the  Scots 
Hudibras;  a  Mock  Poem,  Edin.,  1657;  several  edits.  See 
a  valuable  paper  on  imitations  of  Hudibras — this  among 
the  number — in  Lon.  Retrosp.  Review,  iii.  317,  1821. 

Colvile,  alias  Coldewell,  George.  Trans,  of  Boe- 
thius  De  Consolatione  Philosophise,  Lon.,  1556,  4to. 

Colville,  John,  d.  1607.  The  Palinode,  Edin.,  1600, 
8vo.  Paraenesis,  Paris,  1601,  8vo.  Oratio  funebris  exe- 
quis  Elizabethae  Angliae  Regise-destinata,  Paris,  1604,  8vo. 

Colville,  William.  Refreshing  Streams,  1655,  4to. 
Discourses,  1667,  73.  Philosophia  Moralis  Christiana, 
1670,  12rno. 

Colvocoresses,  Lt.  Geo.  M.,  b.  1816,  in  Greece; 
Attach6  to  the  U.S.  Exploring  Expedition.  Four  Years 
in  the  Government  Expedition,  New  York,  1853,  12mo. 

Colvvall,  Daniel.    Chem.  Con.  to  Phil.  Trans.,  1672. 

Colwell,  Stephen,  b.  25th  March,  1800,  in  Brooke 
CO.,  Va. ;  grad.  at  Jefferson  Coll.,  Pa.,  1819 ;  admitted  to 
the  Bar  in  Va.  in  1821 ;  practised  law  for  some  time  in 
Pittsburg,  but  has  been  for  many  years  past  an  iron- 
merchant  in  Philadelphia.  1.  A  Letter  to  Members  of 
Legislature  of  Penna.  on  the  Removal  of  Deposits  from 
the  Bank  of  the  U.S.  by  Order  of  the  President  of  the 
U.S.,  signed  Mr.  Penn,  1834,  8vo,  pp.  45.  2.  The  Relative 
Position  in  our  Industry  of  Foreign  Commerce,  Domestic 
Production,  and  Internal  Trade,  by  Jonathan  B.  Wise, 
Phila.,  1850,  8vo,  pp.  50.  3.  New  Themes  for  the  Pro 
testant  Clergy,  Ac.,  with  Notes  on  the  Lit.  of  Charity,  Ac., 
1851, 12mo.  This  work  was  censured-  in  A  Review  of  New 
Themes,  1852,  12mo,  and  New  Themes  Condemned,  1853, 
12mo ;  and  supported  in  Hints  to  a  Layman,  1853,  12mo, 
and  Charity  and  the  Clergy,  1853,  12mo.  4.  Politics  for 
American  Christians,  Ac.,  1852,  8vo.  5.  Article  on  Money 
of  Account  in  Merchant's  Mag.  for  April,  1852,  pp.  25.  6. 
Preface  and  Notes  to  Race  for  Riches,  1853,  pp.  54.  7.  Po 
sition  of  Christianity  in  U.S.  in  its  Relations  with  our  Po 
litical  System  and  Religious  Instruction  in  Public  Schools, 
8vo,  pp.  175.  8.  The  South :  a  Letter  from  a  Friend  in  the 
North  with  Reference  to  the  Effects  of  Disunion  upon  Slavery, 
1856,  8vo,  pp.  46.  9.  Preliminary  Essays  and  Notes  to  the 
National  Economy  of  Frederick  List,  1856,  8vo,  pp.  67.  10. 
Article  on  Money  of  Account  in  Banker's  Mag.,  in  numbers 
of  July  and  Aug.  1857,  pp.  25.  11.  The  Ways  and  Means  of 
Commercial  Payment;  The  Money-System  and  the  Credit- 
System,  with  the  Agency  of  Money  of  Account;  Analysis 
of  Former  and  Present  Systems  of  Banking;  An  Account 
of  the  Modes  of  Payment  at  the  Fairs  of  Lyons  and  other 
Cities;  of  the  Banks  of  Venice,  Genoa,  Amsterdam,  and 
Hamburg,  and  the  Bank  of  England,  1858,  Svo,  pp.  550. 
Bee  LIST,  FREDERICK  ;  MAcCuLLOCH,  JOHN  RAMSAY. 

Colwil,  Alex.,  1620-1676,  pub.  some  controversial 
tracts.    He  has  been  confounded  with  Samuel  Colvil,  (ante.) 
Colyer,  Thomas.     Certain  Queries,  1645,  12mo. 

Colynet,  Anthony.  Civil  Warres  of  France,  Lon.,1591. 
Combe,  Andrew,  M.D.,  1797-1847,  b.  in  Edinburgh; 
studied  medicine  at  Edinburgh  and  Paris,  and,  after  taking 
the  degree  of  M.D.,  commenced  practice  in  Edinburgh  in 
1823.  App.  consulting  physician  to  the  King  of  the  Bel 
gians,  1836.  As  early  as  1818,  like  his  brother,  he  became 
a  convert  to  Phrenology.  Observations  on  Mental  De 
rangements,  Edin.,  1831,  12mo;  Lon.,  1841,  p.  Svo. 

"The  work  is  not  surpassed  by  any  one  of  its  kind  in  medical 
science."— Med.-Chirurg.  Rev.,  Oct.  1831. 

The  Principles  of  Physiology  applied  to  the  Preserva 
tion  of  Health,  Ac. ;  14th  ed.,  1852,  p.  Svo.  From  1834  to 
'41,  14,000  copies  of  this  work  were  sold  in  Great  Britain 
and  3000  in  the  United  States. 

"  It  contains  more  sound  philosophy,  more  true  practical  wisdom 
relative  to  the  all-important  subject  of  preserving  the  health,  than 
416 


any  other  volume  in  our  language." — Brit,  and  For.  Med.  Review, 
Oct.  1841. 

The  Physiology  of  Digestion;  9th  edit.,  1849,  p.  Svo. 
Trans,  into  German  and  Danish. 

"  It  leaves  nothing  to  be  desired." — Brit,  and  For.  Med.  Review, 
Jan.  1842. 

Physiological  and  Moral  Management  of  Infancy;  6th 
edit.,  1847,  p.  Svo. 

"  It  is  a  work  which  will  clearly  reveal  to  any  person  of  common 
understanding  the  main  causes  of  health  and  sickness  in  children." 
—  Westminster  Review. 

Experiments  and  Observations  on  the  Gastric  Juice,  and 
Physiology  of  Digestion,  by  William  Beaumont,  M.D.,  Sur 
geon  to  the-  U.  S.  Navy ;  reprinted  with  Notes  by  Andrew 
Combe,  M.D.,  Lon.,  1838,  p.  Svo. 

"  The  profession  owes  Dr.  Beaumont  a  debt  of  gratitude  for  his 
disinterested  labours,  which  we  are  convinced  they  never  can  re 
pay  :  and  Dr.  C.  is  entitled  to  their  thanks  for  putting  the  work 
within  their  reach  at  so  moderate  a  price." — Dublin  Medical  Press, 
April,  1840. 

Dr.  Beaumont's  experiments  were  made  upon  Alexis  St. 
Martin,  whose  extraordinary  case  is  well  known  to  the 
profession.  See  BEATTMONT,  WM.,  M.D.  See  Life  and 
Correspondence  of  Andrew  Combe,  M.D.,  by  George  Combe, 
Edin.,  1850,  Svo. 

Combe,  Charles,  M.D.,  1743-1817,  devoted  much 
attention  to  the  classics  and  to  numismatics.  He  pub.  an 
Index  Nummorum,  Ac.  in  1773,  4to,  and  the  Nummorum, 
Ac.  in  Musseo  Gul.  Hunter,  in  1782,  4to.  In  conjunction 
with  Rev.  H.  Homer,  Horatii  Opera,  1793,  2  vols.  4to. 
This  was  criticized  by  Dr.  Parr  in  the  British  Critic. 
Combe  pub.  a  Statement  relative  to  the  review  in  1793,  Svo. 
Cat.  of  Prints ;  rel.  to  the  Hist,  of  Engraving,  1803,  Svo. 
Con.  to  Phil.  Trans.,  1801 ;  Med.  Trans.,  1813. 

Combe,  Edward.     Sermons,  1708,  '17,  '20. 

Combe,  Edward.     Sale  of  Dunkirk,  1728,  Svo. 

Combe,  George,  1788-1858,  b.  Edinburgh,  practised 
as  an  attorney  for  twenty-five  years.  Becoming  a  disciple  of 
Gall  and  Spurzheim,  he  zealously  advocated  the  science  of 
Phrenology,  both  as  a  lecturer  and  writer  of  books.  His 
works  have  had  a  most  extensive  sale.  He  was  one  of  the 
founders  of  the  Phrenological  Journal,  afterwards  con 
ducted  by  his  relative,  Mr.  Cox.  Essays  on  Phren.,  1819; 
5th  ed.  as  A  System  of  Phrenology,  1843, 2  vols.  Svo,  1853. 

"  A  work  of  high  excellence."— Glasgow  Free,  Pi-ess,  Feb.  1831. 

Severely  criticized  in  the  Edinburgh  Review.  The  Con 
stitution  of  Man  considered  in  relation  to  External  Objects, 
1828 ;  8th  ed.,  1848,  p.  Svo.  Of  this  work  between  90,000 
and  100,000  copies  have  been  sold  in  Great  Britain,  and 
the  sale  has  been  large  in  the  United  States.  It  has  been 
trans,  into  German,  French,  and  Swedish.  Lectures  on 
Moral  Philosophy,  3d  ed.,  1846,  p.  Svo;  On  Phrenology, 
1847,  p.  Svo ;  On  Popular  Education,  3d  ed.,  1848,  p.  Svo  ; 
Elements  of  Phrenology,  7th  ed.,  1849,  12mo;  Notes  on  the 
United  States  of  America,  1838-40,  3  vols.  p.  8vo,  1841. 
Remarks  on  the  Principles  of  Criminal  Legislation,  Ac., 
Lon.,  1854,  8vo.  Phrenology  applied  to  Painting  and 
Sculpture,  Lon.  and  Edin.,  1855,  Svo.  Science  and  Re 
ligion,  1857,  Svo. 

Combe,  Taylor,  1774-1826,  keeper  of  the  Antiqui 
ties  and  coins  at  the  British  Museum,  was  a  son  of  Dr. 
Charles  Combe,  and  educated  at  Oriel  College,  Oxford. 
Ancient  Terracottas  in  Brit,  Museum,  1810,  4to;  Ancient 
Marbles  in  ditto,  part  1st,  1812,  4to;  Veterum  populorum 
et  regum  Nummi,  Ac.,  in  ditto,  1814,  4to.  Con  to  Archseol. 
1800,  '03. 

Comber,  Thomas,  D.D.,  1644-1699,  a  native  of 
Westerham,  Kent;  admitted  of  Sidney-Sussex  College, 
Cambridge,  1659;  Prebendary  of  York  Cathedral,  1677; 
presented  to  the  living  of  Thornton,  1678;  Precentor  of 
York,  1683;  Dean  of  Durham,  1691.  Among  his  works 
are  the  following :  Roman  Forgeries  in  Councils  during 
the  First  Four  Centuries,  and  forgeries  in  Baronius,  Lon., 
1673,  Svo.  Dr.  James  in  his  Treatise  of  the  Corruptions 
of  Scripture,  Ac.,  1611,  4to,  also  discloses  fraudulent  altera 
tions  in  the  Councils.  A  Companion  to  the  Temple  and 
Closet,  or  a  Help  to  Devotion  in  the  use  of  the  Common 
Prayer,  part  1st,  1672;  2d,  1674;  3d,  1675,  Svo;  1679,  3 
vols.  Svo  :  reprinted  in  two  folios ;  4th  edit,  of  1st  fol.,  1701 ; 
2d  fol.,  pub.  1702.  New  edit,,  without  addits.,  Oxf.,  Cla 
rendon  Press,  1841,  7  vols.  Svo.  To  this  learned  and  com 
prehensive  writer,  Wheatley  and  other  writers  stand  largely 
indebted. 

"Let  him  read  Comber's  Companion  to  the  Temple,  which  I 
heartily  wish  might  be  put  into  the  hands  of  every  clergyman.  — 
Dr.  H.  Owen's  Address. 

"  It  is  an  able  and  devotional  work  of  considerahle  value."— 

BlCKERSTETH. 

The  Plausible  Arguments  of  a  Romish  Priest,  Ac.  an 
swered,  1686,  Svo;  3d  edit.,  with  a  Serin,  of  Comber's, 


COM 


CON 


York,  1806,  12mo.  Comber's  arguments  against  the  R. 
Catholics  are  on  the  list  of  books  of  the  P.  C.  K.  Society. 
Scholastical  Hist,  of  Liturgies;  2  parts,  1690;  in  answer  to 
Clarkson's  Discourse  against  Liturgies,  1689.  Friendly 
Advice  to  the  R.  Catholics  of  England ;  a  new  ed.,  with 
Preface  and  Notes,  by  W.  F.  Hook,  D.D.,  Vicar  of  Leeds, 
8vo.  Memoirs  of  his  Life  and  Writings,  by  his  great- 
grandson,  Thomas  Comber,  1799,  8vo. 

Comber,  Thomas,  LL.D.,  d.  1778,  grandson  to  the 
preceding,  educated  at  Jesus  College,  Cambridge ;  Rector 
of  Kirkby,  Misperton,  Yorkshire;  subsequently  of  Mor- 
borne  and  Duckworth,  Huntingdonshire.  Vindication  of 
the  Revolution  in  England,  1688,  Lon.,  1758,  8vo.  Hea 
then  Rejection  of  Christianity  in  the  First  Ages  consi 
dered,  1747,  8vo.  Real  improvements  in  Agriculture,  on 
the  principles  of  A.  Young,  Esq.,  &c. ;  and  a  Letter  on  the 
Rickets  in  Sheep,  1771,  8vo. 

Other  publications,  1747-78. 

"  He  was  a  man  of  considerable  parts  and  learning." 

Comber,  Thomas,  Rector  of  Oswald  Kirk,  York 
shire,  and  great-grandson  of  the  Dean  of  Durham.  Me 
moir  of  the  Life  and  Writings  of  Dean  Comber,  Lon.,  1779, 
8vo.  Serms.,  1807,  8vo.  Hist,  of  the  Massacre  of  St. 
Bartholomew,  1810,  8vo.  Adultery  Analyzed,  1810,  8vo. 
A  Scourge  for  Adulterers,  Duellists,  Gamesters,  and  Self- 
Murderers,  anon.,  1810. 

Comber,  W.  T.  An  Inquiry  into  the  state  of  National 
Subsistence,  as  connected  with  the  Progress  of  Wealth  and 
Population,  &c.,  Lon.,  1808,  8vo.  See  McCulloch's  Lit.  of 
Polit.  Economy. 

Comberbach,  Roger.  Reports  of  Cases  in  Court  of 
K.  B.,  from  1st  of  Jas.  II.  to  10th  of  Wm.  III.,  Lon.,  1724, 
fol.  Arranged  and  pub.  after  the  author's  death  by  his 
son,  who  remarks : 

"  Had  the  author  prepared  them  for  the  press  himself,  they  had 
appeared  in  another  dress." 

"  The  Cases  generally  are  briefly  and  carelessly  reported,  and 
uniformly  hare  been  treated  with  disregard." — Marvin's  Leg.  Bibl. 

Combes,  A.     New  Metals.     Nic.  Jour.,  1808. 
Combrune,  Michael.     Works  on  Brewing,  1759, 

'62,  '68. 

Comeford,  R.  E.  The  Rhapsodist,  Ac.,  in  an  Epistle 
to  Aristus,  1818,  8vo. 

Comegys,  Cornelius  G.,  M.D.,  native  of  Delaware; 
Prof,  of  Institutes  of  Medicine  in  Miami  Coll.,  Ohio. 
History  of  Medicine  from  its  Origin  to  the  19th  Century, 
with  an  Appendix  containing  a  Philosophical  Review  of 
Medicine  to  the  Present  Time.  Translated  from  the  French. 
Cincinnati,  8vo,  1856.  Highly  commended. 

Comerford,  T.  Hist,  of  Ireland  for  3000  Years, 
Dubl.,  1754,  12mo. 

Comfort,  J.  W.,  M.D.,  of  Philadelphia.  Practice  of 
Medicine  on  Thomsonian  Principles,  adapted  as  well  to 
the  use  of  Families  as  to  the  Practitioner,  Phila.,  1853,  8vo. 

Comings,  B.  N.,  M.D.  Class-Book  of  Physiology, 
N.  York,  1853,  12mo.  This  vol.  is  taken  from  the  Princi 
ples  of  Physiology  by  J.  L.  Comstock  and  Comings. 

Comings,  Fowler.    Serms.,  1790,  2  vols.  8vo. 

Comly,  John,  a  native  of  Pennsylvania  and  member 
of  the  Society  of  Friends,  is  best  known  as  the  author  of 
Comly's  Speller,  of  which  there  have  been  several  millions 
printed.  He  also  published  a  Grammar,  Reader,  and  Primer. 

Commins,  John.     Eng.  Scholar's  1st  Book,  1801. 

Compeon,  John.     Sermon,  1804. 

Compton,  Henry,  1632-1713,  youngest  son  of  Spen 
cer,  second  Earl  of  Northampton,  was  entered  of  Queen's 
College,  Oxford,  1649;  Canon  of  Christ  Church,  1669; 
Bishop  of  Oxford,  1674;  trans,  to  London,  1675.  Episco- 
palia,  or  Letters  to  his  Clergy,  Lon.,  1686,  12mo.  Trans, 
from  the  French  and  Italian,  1667,  '69.  Letters  to  his 
Clergy,  1679,  '80,  '83,  '84,  '85.  Letters  to  a  Clergyman, 
1688,  4to.  A  Charge,  1696,  4to.  Ninth  Conference  with 
his  Clergy,  1701,  4to.  Letter  concerning  Allegiance,  1710, 
8vo.  His  Life,  8vo. 

Comstock,  Andrew,  M.D.,  b.  1795,  N.  Y.,  Prof,  of 
Elocution.  Author  of  a  New  System  of  Phonetics;  also 
Lecturer  on  Oratory.  Elocution,  16th  ed.,  1854.  Phonetic 
Speaker;  Reader;  Historia  Sacra;  Homer's  Iliad;  Pho 
netic  Testament,  Ac. 

Comstock,  Franklin  G.  Digest  of  the  Law  of 
Executors  and  Administrators,  Guardian  and  Ward,  and 
Dower,  Hartford,  1832,  8vo. 

Comstock,  G.  F.  Reports  of  Cases  argued  and  de 
termined  in  the  Court  of  Appeals  of  the  State  of  N.  York, 
Sept.  1847-April,  1851,  Albany,  1849-50,  4  vols.  8vo. 

Comstock,  John  Lee,  M.D.,  b.  in  Conn.,  d.  1858, 
received  only  a  common-school  education,  studied  medi 


cine,  and  a  few  months  after  receiving  his  diploma,  was 
appointed  assistant  surgeon  in  the  25th  Reg.  of  Infantry 
in  the  U.  S.  Army,  during  the  war  of  1812.  He  served  at 
Fort  Trumbull,  Conn.,  part  of  the  time  during  the  war,  and 
a  part  on  the  northern  frontier,  where  he  had  the  sole 
charge  of  three  hospitals,  containing  from  20  to  30  patients 
each.  At  the  close  of  the  war  he  practised  medicine  in 
Hartford,  Conn.,  and  about  the  year  1830  became  an  au 
thor  by  profession.  An  Introduction  to  Mineralogy,  8vo, 
1832. 

"  This  work  was  introduced  into  the  Military  Acad.  W.  Point." 

Natural  History  of  Quadrupeds,  12mo,  1829.  Natural 
History  of  Birds.  System  of  Natural  Philosophy,  12mo, 
1831. 

"  This  work  has  been  translated  into  German,  Greek,  and  several 
other  foreign  languages.  It  has  been  edited  in  London,  Edinburgh, 
and  Canada ;  and  is  now  in  common  use.  More  than  600,000  copies 
have  already  been  sold." 

Introduction  to  Botany.     Elements  of  Chemistry,  12mo. 

"  Of  the  Elements  250,000  copies  have  been  sold." 

Elements  of  Geology,  including  Fossil  Botany  and 
Paleeontology.  Youth's  Book  of  Natural  Philos.,  18mo. 
Young  Botanist.  Young  Chemist.  Common- School  Philos. 
Youth's  Book  of  Astronomy.  Outlines  of  Physiology. 
Treatise  on  Mathematical  and  Physical  Geography.  Read 
ings  in  Zoology.  Hist,  of  the  Greek  Revolution.  Cabinet 
of  Curiosities.  Hist,  of  Precious  Metals,  Ac. 

Comyn,  R.  B.  Landlord  and  Tenant;  2d  ed.,  by  G. 
Chilton,  Jr.,  Lon.,  1830,  8vo.  The  Law  of  Usury,  ]  817,  8vo. 

Comyn,  Samuel.  Law  of  Contracts  and  Promises; 
2d  ed.,  Lon.,  1824,  8vo;  4th  Amer.  ed.,  N.  Y.,  1835,  8vo. 
This  was  formerly  the  best  English  treatise  upon  contracts. 
It  is  now  superseded. 

"As  a  purely  common -law  work  it  is  entitled  to  much  praise." 
See  Hoffman's  Legal  Study. 

Comyns,  Sir  John,  Lord  Chief  Baron  of  the  Ex 
chequer.  Reports  of  Cases  K.  B.,  C.  P.,  and  Excheq. ;  2d 
ed.,  by  S.  Rose,  Lon.,  1792,  2  vols.  8vo. 

"  I  am  not  aware  that  the  volume  has  elicited  any  marked  judi 
cial  commendation." — Marvin's  Legal  Bibl. 

A  Digest  of  the  Laws  of  England,  1762-67,  5  vols.  fol, ; 
5th  ed.,  with  continuation  by  A.  Hammond,  Lon.,  1822, 
8  vols.  8vo.  1st  Amer.,  from  the  5th  Lon.  ed.,  with  Amer. 
decisions,  by  Thomas  Day,  N.  York  and  Phila.,  1824-26, 
8  vols.  8vo. 

"  The  first  is  far  superior  to  all  the  late  editions.  The  modern 
editions  have  the  addition  of  the  modern  cases,  it  is  true,  but  they 
consist  of  the  marginal  notes  of  the  reporters,  thrust  into  the  text 
without  order  or  propriety,  and  destroy  symmetry  and  connection." 
— JUDGE  STORY. 

"  Comyns's  opinion  alone  is  of  great  authority." — LORD  KENYON. 

"  We  cannot  have  a  better  authority  than  that  learned  writer." 
— CHIEF  JUSTICE  BEST. 

Conaeus,  Georgius,  anglicg  Cone,  a  native  of  Scot 
land.  Praemetiae,  seu  Calumnies  Hirlandorum  indicatae, 
et  Epos  de  Deipara  Virgine,  Bonon,  1621,  8vo.  Vita  Ma 
rias  Stuartse  Reginaa  Scotorum,  Romse,  1624,  8vo;  Wirceb., 
1624,  12mo.  See  Jebb  Scrip.,  xvi.  De  duplici  statu  Re- 
ligionis  apud  Scotus,  Rom.,  1628,  large  4to.  Assertionum 
Catholicarum,  libri  tres,  Rom.,  1621,  '29,  4to. 

Conant,  John.     Sermon,  1643,  sm.  4to. 

Conant,  John,  D.D.,  1608-1693,  educated  at  Exeter 
College,  Oxford,  of  which  he  became  Fellow  and  tutor; 
Prof,  of  Divinity,  1654  ;  Vice-Chancellor  of  the  Universi 
ty,  1657;  Prebendary  of  Worcester,  1681.  Serms.,  1693- 
1722,  6  vols.  8vo. 

"These  discourses  are  such  as  Dr.  Conant  usually  composed; 
plain  and  practical,  and  suited  to  the  meanest  capacity."— BISHO* 
WILLIAMS. 

Conant,  T.  J.,  Prof,  of  Hebrew  in  Rochester  Uni 
versity,  New  York.  Trans,  of  the  Hebrew  Grammar  of 
Gesenius,  14th  edit.,  as  revised  by  Dr.  E.  Rb'diger ;  with 
the  modifications  of  the  edits,  subsequent  to  the  llth,  by 
Dr.  Davies,  of  Stepney  College,  London ;  with  a  Course  of 
Exercises,  and  Hebrew  Chrestoinathy  by  T.  J.  Conant. 

"  The  best  Hebrew  Grammar  extant  is  the  work  of  a  German — 
Gesenius."— ion.  Monthly  CJironicle,  Dec.,  1840. 

Professor  Conant  is  now  (1855)  engaged  upon  a  new 
version  of  the  Book  of  Job.  Mrs.  Conant  also  has  con 
tributed  to  the  literary  treasures  of  the  country. 

Concanen,G.  Trials,  Rowe  v.  Brenton,  Lon.,  1830,8vo. 

Concanen,  Matthew,  d.  1749,  a  native  of  Ireland, 
of  considerable  abilities,  pub.  1724  a  vol.  of  Miscellaneous 
Poems  by  himself  and  others,  and  edited  The  Speculatist, 
a  Journal ;  The  Flower  Piece,  a  Miscellany,  Ac.  He  is 
principally  remembered  by  the  celebrated  letter  of  War- 
burton  concerning  him,  and  by  his  position  in  the  Dun- 
ciad:  his  reward  for  attacking  Pope.  In  1732  he  waa> 
appointed  attorney-general  of  the  Isle  of  Jamaica.  See 
Nichols's  Literary  Anecdotes,  vols.  v.  and  viii. 

Concanen,  Matthew,  Jun.     Hist,  and  Antiq.  of 


CON 


CON 


St.  Saviour's  Church,  Southwark ;  by  M.  C.  and  A.  Mor- 
gan.  Letter  to  Garrow,  1796,  8vo.  Distribution  of  Bank 
rupts'  Estates,  1801,  8vo. 

Concanon,  Thomas,  M.D.  Con.  to  Med.  Com., 
1790;  Hist,  of  an  Aneurism  of  the  Aorta  Descendens. 

Conder,  G.  W.  Lectures  to  Working  Men  on  Chris 
tianity,  Lon.,  1850,  12mo. 

Conder,  James.  Tokens,  Coins,  and  Medals,1799,8vo. 
Conder,  John,  D.D.,  1714-1781,  a  Dissenting  minis 
ter  of  London.     Ministerial  Character,     germs,  1755,  '58, 
'59,  '62,  '68. 

Conder,  Josiah,  1789-1855,  b.  in  London;  son  of 
a  bookseller.  "At  an  early  age  displayed  a  taste  for  lite 
rature,  and  published  some  articles  in  The  Atheneeum, 
edited  by  Dr.  Aikin.  In  1810,  in  connexion  with  a  few 
friends,  he  published  a  volume  of  poems,  with  the  title  of 
the  Associate  Minstrel.  In  1814,  being  a  publisher  and 
bookseller  in  St.  Paul's  Churchyard,  he  purchased  the 
Eclectic  Review,  of  which  he  continued  to  be  the  editor 
until  1837, — though  he  retired  from  the  bookselling  business 
in  1819.  Under  his  management  the  Eclectic  Review  re 
ceived  the  assistance  of  many  eminent  men  among  the 
Non-Conformists,  such  as  Robert  Hall,  John  Foster,  Dr. 
Chalmers,  Dr.  Vaughan,  and  others."  Protestant  Non 
conformity,  1818,  2  vols.  8vo.  Epist.  to  the  Hebrews;  a 
new  trans.,  1834,  8vo.  Law  of  the  Sabbath,  1830,  8vo. 
Choir  and  the  Oratory,  12mo.  Hist,  of  Italy,  3  vols.  18mo. 
Diet,  of  Anc.  and  Mod.  Geography,  12mo.  Poet  of  the 
Sanctuary,  12mo.  Star  in  the  East,  Ac.,  12mo.  View  of 
All  Religions,  8vo.  Expos,  of  the  Apocalypse,  8vo. 

"  The  author  displays  extensive  reading,  diligent  research,  ana 
a  thorough  acquaintance  with  the  subject." — Lon.  Christian  Times. 

Analytical  and  Comparative  View  of  all  Religions, 
1838,  8vo. 

"  It  will  become,  as  it  deserves  to  become,  a  standard  hook  in 
our  literature." — Church  of  Eng.  Quart.  Review. 

Modern  Traveller :  Description  of  the  various  Countries 
of  the  Globe,  33  vols.  18mo,  v.  y. 

"  No  work  can  be  found  in  our  language,  or  any  other,  equal  to 
supply  the  place  of  The  Modern  Traveller." — Lon.  Lit.  Gazette. 

"  It  deserves  a  place  in  the  library  of  every  inquiring  person." — 
Blackwood's  Mag. 

"  That  useful  work,  The  Modern  Traveller,  by  Mr.  Conder,  who 
has  brought  together  so  much  interesting  matter." — LAMBERT.  tJte 
Botanist. 

"An  excellent  publication,  ably  executed."— McCuttoch  Lit.P.E. 

Literary  History  of  the  New  Testament,  8vo,  1845. 

"  Contains  a  considerable  amount  of  useful  information,  brought 
together  from  various  sources  with  discriminating  judgment." — 

BlCKERSTETH. 

"I  feel  it  a  duty  and  pleasure  to  bear  my  glad  testimony  to  the 
learning,  in  particular  sacred  and  ecclesiastical,  the  indefatigable 
diligence,  the  wide  research,  the  candour  and  impartiality,  and 
the  sound  judgment,  which  characterize  this  welcome  addition  to 
Our  national  literature." — DR.  J.  Pre  SMITH. 

Condie,  D.  Francis,  M.D.,  b.  in  Philadelphia,  May 
12,  1796;  grad.  as  Doctor  of  Medicine  in  the  University  of 
Pennsylvania,  March,  1818.  An  abridged  Edition,  with 
Notes,  of  Thomas's  Practice  of  Medicine,  Phila.,  1817.  A 
Course  of  Examinations  for  the  Use  of  Medical  Students, 
Phila. ;  2d  ed.,  1824.  The  Catechism  of  Health,  Phila., 
1831.  A  Treatise  on  Epidemic  Cholera:  in  conjunction  with 
Dr.  John  Bell,  1832.  Practical  Treatise  on  the  Diseases 
of  Children;  3d  ed.,  Phila.,  1850,  8vo;  4th  ed.,  revised  and 
augmented,  1854,  8vo. 

"We  pronounced  the  first  edition  to  be  the  best  work  on  the  dis 
eases  of  children  in  the  English  language;  and,  notwithstanding 
all  that  has  been  published,  we  still  regard  it  in  that  light."— Medi 
cal  Examiner. 

"  Dr.  Condie's  scholarship,  acumen,  industry,  and  practical  sense 
are  manifested  in  this,  as  in  all  his  numerous  contributions  to 
science."— Dr.  Holmes's  Report  to  the  Ame.r.  Med.  Association. 

A  veritable  paediatric  encyclopaedia,  and  aji  honour  to  Ameri- 
can  medical  literature."— Ohio  Medical  and  Surgical  Journal. 

We  feel  persuaded  that  the  American  medical  profession  will 
Boon  regarc  it  not  only  as  a  very  good,  but  as  the  very  best,  Prac 
tical  Treatise  on  the  Diseases  of  Children."— Amer.  Med.  Journal. 

"Perhaps  the  most  full  and  complete  work  now  before  the  pro 
fession  of  the  United  States,— indeed,  we  may  say,  in  the  English 
language.  It  is  vastly  superior  to  most  of  its  predecessors."— 
Transylvania  Med.  Journal. 

Dr.  Condie  has  edited  Dr.  FLEETWOOD  CHURCHILL'S  (a. ».) 
works  on  the  Theory  and  Practice  of  Midwifery  and  the 
Diseases  of  Women,  and  made  contributions  to  American 
Cyclopedia  of  Practical  Medicine  and  Surgery,  Phila 
1834;  contributions  to  Philadelphia  Journal  of  the  Medi 
cal  and  Physical  Sciences;  North  American  Medical  and 
Surgical  Journal;  Journal  of  Health,  Phila.;  American 
Journal  of  Medical  Sciences ;  Transactions  of  the  College 
of  Physicians  of  Phila. ;  North  American  Medico-Chirur- 
gical  Review. 

Conduitt,  John,  Master  of  the  Mint.  Observations  on 


English  Gold  and  Silver  Coins,  1774;  from  Mr.  C.'s  MS., 
written  in  1730. 

Cone.  Scolding  no  Scholarship ;  rel.  to  Dempster,  1669. 

Cone,  or  Cawne,  George.     See  CON^US. 

Coney,  John.  Beauties  of  Continental  Architecture, 
Lon.,  4to.  Church  Architecture  of  Yorkshire,  edited  by 
Giles,  fol.  Ancient  Cathedrals  in  France,  Holland,  and 
Germany ;  32  engravings,  atlas  fol.,  1832  ;  pub.  at  £10  10*. 

"  These  are  the  largest  and  best  plates  Coney  ever  executed,  and 
the  only  ones  which  exhibit  his  distinctive  excellencies  in  this 
style  of  art." 

English  Ecclesiastical  Edifices  of  the  Olden  Time ;  200 
engravings,  2  vols.  r.  fol. ;  pub.  at  £8  8*.  In  these  vols. 
are  included  the  whole  of  the  copperplates  which  illustrate 
the  8  vols.  of  the  new  edit,  of  Dugdale's  Monasticon,  pub. 
at  £141  15s. 

"  Our  readers  will  here  find  a  rich  mine  of  artistic  wealth,  in  the 
most  beautiful  models  of  every  age.  during  which  the  pointed,  or 
ecclesiastical,  style  of  architecture  flourished  in  this  country." — 
Dublin  Review,  Aug.  1839. 

Coney,  Thomas,  D.D.,  Preb.  of  Wells.  Serm.,  1710, 
8vo;  25  do.,  1730,  8vo;  2  do.,  1731,  8vo;  2  vols.,  do.,  1750, 
8vo.  Sick  Bed,  1747,  12mo. 

Congleton,  Rt.  Hon.  Henry  Brooke  Parnell, 
Lord.  See  PARNELL,  SIR  HENRY. 

Congreve,  Charles  W.,  Archd.  of  Armagh.  Serm., 
1746,  8vo. 

Congreve,  Thomas.  Navigable  Communication  be 
tween  Trent  and  Severn,  1717. 

Congreve,  William,  1666-1729,  an  eminent  drama 
tist,  was  a  native  of  Bardsa,  near  Leeds.  His  father,  an 
officer  in  the  army,  stationed  in  Ireland,  placed  him  at 
school  at  Kilkenny,  from  whence  he  was  removed  to  Tri 
nity  College,  Dublin.  Returning  to  England,  he  entered 
as  a  student  at  the  Middle  Temple.  Very  early  in  life  he 
pub.  under  the  fictitious  name  of  Cleophil,  a  novel,  entitled 
Incognita,  or  Love  and  Duty  Reconciled.  In  his  21st 
year  his  play  of  The  Old  Bachelor — written  some  years 
before — was  acted  at  Drury  Lane,  and  proved  eminently 
successful.  Lord  Halifax  gave  a  substantial  proof  of  his 
approbation,  by  rewarding  the  triumphant  author  with  a 
commissionership  f°r  the  licensing  of  coaches — a  prelude  to 
future  favours.  Dryden  commended  the  play  as  the  best 
first  effort  in  that  line  which  he  had  ever  witnessed.  Mrs. 
Barry  and  Mrs.  Bracegirdle,  Mr.  Betterton  and  Mr.  Powel, 
whose  personal  attractions  and  artistic  excellence  had  been 
brought  forward  to  such  advantage  by  the  new  author, 
were  of  course  delighted,  the  audience  was  equally  charmed, 
and  in  short  the  town  was  taken  by  storm.  What  a  com 
mentary  is  this  upon  the  morality  of  the  generation  of  that 
day  !  That  a  piece  which  could  not  with  propriety  be  read 
aloud  in  the  family  circle  should  be  hailed  with  applause 
by  the  thousands  who  crowded  the  theatre  !  In  1694  Con 
greve  produced  The  Double  Dealer,  which  was  less  success 
ful  than  its  predecessor.  Dryden  disgraced  himself— no  new 
thing  for  him — by  most  profane  adulation  of  the  author  : 

"  Heaven,  that  but  once  was  prodigal  before, 
To  Shabspeare  gave  as  much,  he  could  not  give  him  more." 

Love  for  Love  appeared  in  1695,  and  The  Mourning 
Bride,  a  Tragedy,  two  years  later.  He  subsequently  pro 
duced  the  Comedy  of  The  Way  of  the  World,  a  Masque, 
entitled  The  Judgment  of  Paris,  and  Semele,  an  Opera. 
After  suffering  for  years  from  bodily  infirmity  and  blind 
ness,  this  thorough  man  of  the  world  was  summoned  to 
that  account  which  none  can  escape.  In  1710  he  pub.  a 
collection  of  his  works  in  three  vols.  8vo ;  dedicated  to 
Lord  Halifax.  Between  this  and  Baskerville's  impression, 
1761,  3  vols.  8vo,  there  were  many  edits.  The  last  edit, 
was  pub.  by  Mr.  Moxon  in  1849,  r.  8vo,  edited  by  Leigh 
Hunt.  In  our  article  upon  Jeremy  Collier,  we  have  anti 
cipated  much  respecting  Congreve — his  controversy  with 
Collier,  the  character  of  his  plays,  <fce. — that  we  should 
otherwise  have  found  a  place  for  here.  We  have  already 
intimated  that  the  fact  of  the  popularity  of  such  produc 
tions  as  the  plays  of  Congreve,  Wycherley,  and  Farquhar, 
is  a  sufficient  index  of  the  moral  tone  of  the  age.  Perhaps 
no  English  author  has  been  lauded  more  by  his  contem 
poraries  than  William  Congreve.  We  have  already  given 
an  exhibition  of  the  fulsome  adulation  of  Dryden,  the 
most  distinguished  literary  man  of  his  time.  We  may 
instance  another : 

"Mr.  Congreve  has  done  me  the  favour  to  review  the  JEneis, 
and  compare  my  version  with  the  original.  I  shall  never  be 
ashamed  to  own  that  this  excellent  young  man  has  shewed  me 
many  faults  which  I  have  endeavoured  to  correct." 

Pope  honoured  him  by  the  dedication  of  the  Iliad,  and 
better  men  than  Pope  so  far  forgot  the  tribute  due  to  vir 
tue,  as  to  join  in  the  general  applause  which  rewarded  the 
champion  of  the  most  shocking  descriptions  of  vice.  We 


CON 

are  not  surprised,  then,  that  Voltaire  should  declare  that 
Congreve  "raised  the  glory  of  Comedy  to  a  greater  height 
than  any  English  writer  before  or  since  his  time." 

The  "  glory"  of  such  men  is  "  their  shame."  Mr.  Leigh 
Hunt,  to  the  many  mischievous  tendencies  of  his  pen,  has 
added  in  his  old  age  another  offence  to  public  decency  and 
private  morality,  in  his  apology  for,  or  rather  vindication 
of,  the  licentiousness  of  Congreve's  "  genteel  vulgarity." 
Charity  would  fain  hope  that  the  unhappy  author,  before 
his  departure  from  a  world  which  his  talents  might  have 
done  so  much  to  improve — alas !  that  they  should  have 
been  busily  employed  in  the  effort  to  corrupt  and  debase  ! 
— repented  of  his  offences  against  God  and  man.  For — to 
borrow  the  words  of  Lord  Kames — 

"  If  they  did  not  rack  their  author  with  remorse  in  his  last  mo 
ments,  he  must  have  been  lost  to  all  sense  of  virtue." 

"Congreve  has  merit  of  the  highest  kind;  he  is  an  original 
writer,  who  borrowed  neither  the  models  of  his  plot  nor  the  man 
ner  of  his  dialogue.  ...  Of  his  miscellaneous  poetry  I  cannot  say 
any  thing  very  favourable.  The  powers  of  Congreve  seem  to  desert 
him  when  he  leaves  the  stage,  as  Antaeus  was  no  longer  strong 
than  when  he  could  touch  the  ground.  ...  If  I  were  required  to 
select  from  the  whole  mass  of  English  poetry  the  most  poetical 
paragraph,  I  know  not  what  I  could  prefer  to  an  exclamation  in 
The  Mourning  Bride,"  &c. — DR.  JOHNSON. 

This  extravagant  commendation  refers  to  the  conversa 
tion  in  the  Temple,  act  2,  scene  3. 

"  Congreve's  Plays  are  exquisite  of  their  kind,  and  the  excessive 
heartlessness  and  duplicity  of  some  of  his  characters  are  not  to  be 
taken  without  allowance  for  the  ugly  ideal.  There  is  something 
not  natural,  both  in  his  characters  and  wit;  and  we  read  him 
rather  to  see  how  entertaining  he  can  make  his  superior  fine  ladies 
and  gentlemen,  and  what  a  pack  of  sensual  busybodies  they  are, 
like  insects  over  a  pool,  than  from  any  true  sense  of  them  as  men 
and  women." — LEIGH  HUNT. 

The  reader  is  referred  to  Mr.  Thackeray's  English  Hu 
morists  of  the  18th  century,  article  Congreve  and  Addi- 
eon.  Mr.  Thackeray  thus  happily  contrasts  Swift,  Con 
greve,  and  Addison : 

"  We  have  seen  in  SWIFT  a  humorous  philosopher,  whose  truth 
frightens  one,  and  whose  laughter  makes  one  melancholy.  We 
have  had  in  CONGREVE  a  humorous  observer  of  another  school,  to 
whom  the  world  seems  to  have  no  moral  at  all.  and  whose  ghastly 
doctrine  seems  to  be  that  we  should  eat  and  drink  and  be  merry 
•when  WR  can,  and  go  to  the  deuce  (if  there  be  a  deuce)  when  the 
time  come.  We  come  now  to  a  humour  that  flows  from  quite  a 
different  heart  and  spirit— a  wit  that  makes  us  lauorh,  and  leaves 
us  good  and  happy;  to  one  of  the  kindest  benefactors  that  society 
has  ever  had,  and  I  believe  you  have  opined  already  that  I  am 
about  to  mention  ADDISON'S  honoured  name." 

See  also  an  excellent  article  by  Mr.  T.  B.  Macaulay,  en 
titled  Comic  Dramatists  of  the  Restoration,  in  the  Edin. 
Review,  January,  1841. 

Congreve,  Lt.-Col.  Sir  William,  1772-1828,  a 
military  engineer,  the  inventor  of  the  "  Congreve  rocket," 
pub.  an  Elementary  Treatise  on  the  Mounting  of  Naval 
Ordnance,  Lon.,  1812,  4to.  Details  of  the  Rocket  System, 
with  General  Instructions,  oblong  fol.,  £2  8s.  Treatise  on 
the  Pointing  of  Naval  Ordnance,  8vo.  A  Short  Account 
of  a  New  Principle  of  a  Rotative  Steam-Engine,  8vo.  A 
Description  of  the  Construction  and  Properties  of  the 
Hydro-Pneumatic  Lock,  1815,  4to.  A  Treatise  on  the 
General  Principles,  Powers,  and  Facility  of  Application 
of  the  Congreve  Rocket  System  as  compared  with  Artillery, 
with  plates,  4to. 

Corners,  John.  Con.  to  Phil.  Trans.,  1676,  '77,  '78; 
of  a  Hygroscope,  a  Trumpet,  a  Pump. 

Coningesby,  Fred.  Attorney's  New  Pocket  Book, 
1798,  2  vols.  12mo. 

Cpningham,  James.    1.  Medals.    2.  Serms.,  1704, 

Coningsby,  George,  D.D.     Serms.,  1723,  '33,  '42. 

Coningsby,  Robert.     Q.  Fabularum,  Ac.,  1693,  8vo. 

Coningsby,Thomas. Grammatical  Treatise,1647,&c. 

Coningsby,  Thomas,  Earl  of.  Collec.  concern 
ing  the  Manor  of  Marden,  in  Hereford,  1722-27.  See 
Lowndes's  Bib.  Man.,  and  Duncumb's  Hereford. 

Conkling,  Alfred.  Admiralty  Jurisdiction,  Ac.  of 
the  Courts  in  the  United  States,  2  vols.  8vo,  1848.  Trea 
tise  on  the  Organization  and  Jurisdiction  of  the  Supreme,, 
Circuit,  and  District  Courts  of  the  U.  S.,  2d  ed.,  1842,  8vo. 

"  Judge  Conkling's  Treatise  on  the  Organization  and  Jurisdic 
tion  of  the  Courts  of  the  United  States,  is  an  exceedingly  valuable 
work  for  the  variety  of  information  which  it  contains,  and  the 
general  ability  and  accuracy  with  which  it  has  been  drawn  up.  It 
supplies  a  want  httherto  extensively  felt  in  the  profession,  and  I 
cannot  doubt  that  it  will  possess  a  large  circulation,  as  its  merits 
deserve." — JOSEPH  STORY. 

Connak,  Richard.  Princes  of  Eng.,  Lon..  1747,  Svo 
Princes  of  Wales,  1751,  Svo. 

Council,  Arthnr.  Election  Laws  in  Scotland,  Edin., 
1827,  Svo.  Annual  Sketch  of  the  Progress  of  Law  of 
Scotland,  1840,  Svo. 


CON 

Connell,  Sir  John.  Law  of  Scotland  rel.  to  Parishes, 
Edin.,  1818,  Svo.  Supplement,  1823,  Svo. 

"  Connell  on  the  Law  of  Parishes,  published  a  few  years  after 
Burns,  is  confined  to  topics  of  a  nature  purely  ecclesiastical.  It 
is  rather  a  continuation  and  fit  concomitant  of  his  valuable  Trea 
tise  on  Teinds,  than  an  exposition  of  the  law  regarding  the  poor." 
— 1  Ed.  L.  J.,  211. 

Treatise  on  the  Law  of  Scotland  respect.  Tithes  and  the 
Stipends  of  the  Parochial  Clergy,181 5,8vo  j  2d  ed.,1830,8vo. 

"  It  is  unnecessary  to  enter  Into  any  details  concerning  a  book 
which  no  lawyer  or  clergyman  will  go  without." 

Connell,  Richard.     His  Case,  fol. 

Connelly  and  Higgins's  New  Dictionary  of  the 
Spanish  and  English,  and  English  and  Spanish  Languages, 
4  vols.  4to,  Madrid,  1797,  '98. 

"  The  best  and  most  complete  Spanish  and  English  Dictionary, 
comprising  all  the  Idioms,  Proverbs,  Marine  Terms,  Metaphorical 
Expressions,  Ac.  in  both  Languages." 

Connor,  Bernard,  1666-1698,  M.D.,  a  native  of 
Kerry,  was  physician  to  John  Sobieski,  King  of  Poland, 
and  subsequently  a  practitioner  in  London.  Dissertationes 
Medico-Physicse,  Ac.,  Oxf.,  1695,  8vo.  Compendious  Plan 
of  the  Body  of  Physic,  Oxon.,  1697,  Svo.  De  Secretione 
Animali,  Lon.,  1697,  Svo.  He  pub.  several  other  profess, 
works,  and  one  which  created  much  attention — Evange- 
lium  Medici,  Ac.,  Lon.,  1697,  Svo. 

"  This  is  a  singular  production,  in  which  the  author  endeavours 
to  show  that  the  miraculous  cures  performed  by  our  Lord  and  his 
apostles  may  be  accounted  for  on  natural  principles." — ORME: 
Bibl.  Bib. 

Conny,  Robert,  M.D.  Con.  to  Phil.  Trans.,  1698: 
a  Shower  of  Fishes  in  Kent. 

Conoid,  Robert.     Serm.  and  Letters,  1675,  77. 

Conolly,  lit.  Arthur.  Overland  Journey  to  the 
North  of  India  from  England,  Ac.,  Lon.,  1834,  2  vols.  Svo. 

"  A  worthy  companion  to  the  labours  of  Elphinstone  and  Fraser." 
— Lon.  Atlas. 

"  A  better  guide  we  could  scarcely  desire." — Lon.  Athenceum. 

"  We  strongly  recommend  this  book,  as  containing  much  amuse 
ment  and  information." — Lon.  Quarterly  JRev. 

Conolly,  John,  M.D.  Study  and  Practice  of  Medi 
cine,  Lon.,  1831,  12mo.  An  Inquiry  concerning  the  Indi 
cations  of  Insanity,  Svo,  1830. 

"  One  of  the  most  able  and  satisfactory  works  on  the  philosophy, 
or  rather  on  the  physiology,  of  the  human  understanding,  which 
have  been  hitherto  produced." — Med.  and  Surg.  Journal,  1830. 

The  Construction  and  Government  of  Lunatic  Asylums 
and  Hospitals  for  the  Insane,  1847,  Svo.  The  Treatment 
of  the  Insane  without  Mechanical  Restraints,  1856,  demy 
Svo. 

Conolly,  Joseph.     Telegraph  Co.,  Lon.,  1808,  Svo. 

Conolly,  L.  A.     The  Friar's  Tale,  1805,  2  vols. 

Conover,  J.  F.  Digestive  index  of  all  the  reported 
decisions  in  Law  and  Equity  of  the  Supreme  Courts  of  Ohio, 
Indiana,  and  Illinois,  Phila.,  1834,  Svo. 

Conoway,  Jane.     Petition  to  Ministers,  &c.,  1649. 

Conrad,  Judge  Robert  T.,  1S08-1858,  a  native  of 
Philadelphia,  long  occupied  a  prominent  place  as  one  of 
the  most  eloquent  orators  and  successful  dramatic  writers 
of  the  United  States.  Judge  Conrad's  dramatic  pieces — 
Conrad  of  Naples,  and  Aylmere,  or  The  Bondman  of  Kent 
— evince  the  possession  of  poetical  powers  of  no  ordinary 
cast.  The  latter,  together  with  a  number  of  minor  poems, 
was  published  in  1852,  Phila.,  12mo.  Among  the  most 
striking  of  the  smaller  pieces  in  this  volume  may  be  noticed 
the  Sonnets  on  the  Lord's  Prayer,  and  Lines  on  a  Blind 
Boy  Soliciting  Charity  by  Playing  on  his  Flute.  Judge 
Conrad's  prose  compositions  possess  merits  not  inferior  to 
those  which  charm  the  readers  of  his  poetry. 

"As  a  citizen,  a  lawyer,  and  a  judge,  Mr.  Conrad  obtained  a 
widely-extended  and  highly-merited  reputation.  He  was  a  bril 
liant  orator,  sparkling  in  diction,  classical  in  allusion,  poetical  in 
imagery,  clear  in  narrative,  rhetorical  in  style,  genial  in  humanizing 
thought,  and  eloquent  in  all.  As  a  speaker,  whatever  subject  he 
touched  he  undoubtedly  adorned.  On  whatever  platform  he  stood, 
— whether  on  the  arena  of  commerce,  the  forum  of  justice,  the  ex 
citing  scene  of  politics,  or  the  broad  foundation  of  that  humanity 
which  emanates  from  the  Creator, — Mr.  Conrad  was  invariably  a 
successful  and  mostly  a  convincing  speaker.  It  is  as  a  man  of 
letters,  however,  that  Mr.  Conrad  will  probably  best  be  known  in 
future  years.  He  did  uot  write  much;  but  he  wrote  well." — DK.  R. 
SHELTON  MACKENZIE. 

Conrad,  Timothy  Abbott,  born  1803,  in  N.  Jersey. 
A  distinguished  naturalist.  Fossil  shells  of  the  Tertiary 
formations  of  the  United  States,  1832.  New  Fresh-water 
shells  of  the  U.  S.,  1»34.  Monography  of  the  Urionidae 
of  the  U.  S.,  1836.  Miocene  shells  of  the  U.  S.,  1838. 
Papers  describing  new  fresh-water  shells  and  fossils  of  the 
U.  S.  in  Silliman's  Journal.  Palaeontology  of  Palestine 
expedition  under  command  of  Lieut.  Lynch,  in  Jour.  Aca. 
Nat.  ScL  Phil.  Palaeontology  in  New  York  State  Ann. 
Rep.,  1838-40.  Geological  Report  in  1837,  as  one  of  the 
State  Geologists  of  N.  York.  Palaeontology  of  the  Pacific 


CON 


COO 


Rail  Road  Survey  in  California,  1854.      Palaeontology  of 
the  Mexican  Boundary  Surrey,  conducted  by  Major  Emory, 


Conroy,  John.     Custodian  Reports,  Dubl.,  1795,  Svo. 

Conset,  Henry.  The  Practice  of  Spiritual  or  Ec 
clesiastical  Courts,  Lon.,  1685,  1700,  '08,  8vo. 

Consett,  Matthew.  Tour  through  Sweden,  Swedish 
Lapland,  Finland,  and  Denmark,  Lon.,  1789,  4to;  1815, 
12mo. 

"  A  hasty  tour,  containing,  however,  many  amusing  observa 
tions,  anecdotes,  and  little  descriptive  sketches."  —  LOWNDES. 

Consett,  Thomas.  Church  of  Russia,  &c.,  Lon., 
1729,  2  vols.  8vo. 

Const,  Francis.  Laws  relating  to  the  Poor,  6th  ed. 
by  J.  T.  Pratt,  Lon.,  1827,  2  vols.  8vo. 

"  A  valuable  acquisition  to  practitioners  in  this  branch  of  the 
law."  —  LOWNDES. 

Constable,  C.  S.    Catholic  Emancipation,  1808,  8ro. 

Constable,  F.  Pathomachia,  or  The  Battle  of 
Affections;  a  Drama,  1630,  4to. 

.Constable,  Henry,  a  poet,  was  educated  at  Oxford, 
but  took  his  bachelor's  degree  at  St.  John's  College,  Cam 
bridge,  in  1579.  Diana,  or  the  excellent  conceitful  sonnets 
of  H.  C.,  Ac.,  Lon.,  1584,  8vo.  Reprinted  for  the  members 
of  the  Roxburghe  Club,  by  E.  Littledale,  Esq.,  1818,  8vo. 
Spiritual  Sonnettes  :  see  Heliconia,  vol.  ii.  Sonnets  :  see 
Harleian  Miscellany,  vol.  ix. 

"  Noble  Henry  Constable  was  a  great  master  of  the  English 
tongue  ;  nor  had  any  gentleman  of  our  nation  a  more  pure,  quick, 
or  higher  delivery  of  conceit  :  witness,  among  all  others,  that  son 
net  of  his  before  his  Majesty's  Lepanto."—  Edmund  £oUon's  Hy- 
percritica. 

"  He  was  highly  praised  by  Bolton,  Ben  Jonson,  and  others,  and 
Mr.  Warton  mentions  him  as  a  '  noted  sonnet  writer  ;'  yet  the  fol 
lowing,  though  as  notable  sonnets  as  his  Diana  could  furnish,  can 
hardly  entitle  him  to  be  denominated  '  the  first  sonnetteer  of  his 
tune.'"  —  Ellis'  s  Specimens:  and  see  Malone's  Shakspeare,  x.  74; 
Todd's  Milton,  and  Warton's  Eng.  Poetry. 

Constable,  John,  was  educated  at  Byham  Hall,  op 
posite  Merton  College,  Oxford,  where  in  1515  he  took  the 
degree  of  M.A.,  and  obtained  great  reputation  as  a  poet 
and  rhetorician.  Querela  Veritatis.  Epigrammata:  both 
in  Latin,  1520. 

Constable,  John.  Reflections  on  Accuracy  of  Style, 
Lon.,  1734,  8vo.  A  most  important  theme. 

Constancio,  F.  S.,M.D.  An  Appeal,  Edin.,  1797,  8vo. 

Constantine,  William.  Interest  of  England,  1642, 
4to  ;  on  Unity  of  the  Protestant  Religion. 

Convenant,  J.  Histoire  des  Dernieres  Revolutions 
dans  la  Princepaute"  d'Orange,  Lon.,  1704. 

Conway*  The  Depopulated  Vale;  a  Poem,  Lon., 
1774,  4to. 

Conway,  Lord  Viscount.  Proceedings  of  the  Eng 
lish  Army  in  Ulster,  Lon.,  1642,  4to. 

Conway,  H.  D.     Tales  of  Ardennes,  Lon.,  8vo. 

"  The  language  of  these  Tales  is  graceful,  and  many  of  the  de 
scriptions  are  poetical."  —  Lon.  Literary  Gazette. 

Conway,  General  Henry  Seymour,  1720-1795, 
Secretary  of  State  from  1765  to  1768.  Speech  in  H.  of 
Commons,  Lon.,  1780,  8vo.  Who  can  ever  forget  Conway, 
that  remembers  the  speeches  of  Edmund  Burke  ?  False 
Appearances,  a  Comedy;  altered  from  the  French,  1789, 
8vo.  Conway  Papers,  5  vols.  8vo. 

"  Think  what  I  have  in  part  recovered  !  Only  the  state  papers, 
private  papers,  Ac.  &c.  of  the  Lords  Conway.  Secretaries  of  State. 
.  .  .  They  seem  to  have  laid  up  every  scrap  of  paper  they  ever  had, 
from  the  middle  of  Queen  Elizabeth's  reign  to  the  middle  of  Charles 
the  Second's.  .  .  .  Will  here  not  be  food  for  the  press  1"—  Horace 
Walpole  to  Gwrge.  Montague. 

See  Walpole's  Letters  to  General  Conway. 

Conway,  Sir  John.  Godly  Meditations  and  Praiers 
gathered  out  of  the  Sacred  Letters  and  Vertuous  Writers, 
Lon.,  8vo. 

Conway,  William.  An  Exortation  to  Charitie,  very 
needefull  at  this  Tyme,  for  eche  Man  and  Woman  to  em 
brace,  Lon.,  s.  a.  16mo. 

Conybeare,  John,  D.D.,  1692-1755,  admitted  a  bat- 
tier  of  Exeter  College,  1708;  Fellow,  1710;  Rector  of  St 
Clement's  Oxford  1724;  Rector  of  Exeter'  College,  1730  } 
Dean  of  Christ  Church,  1732;  Bishop  of  Bristol  1750 
Sermon  Miracles,  1722,  8vo.  Highly  esteemed.  Sermon 
KJJ*  8V°'  Inscription  to  Articles  of  Religion,  a  s£m 
1726,  8vo.  Very  celebrated.  Defence  of  Revealed  Rell 
^°D'  I1?.??™  toATinda1!8  Christianity  as  Old  as  the  Crea 
tion,  1732,  8vo.  An  admirable  confutation.  Three  e?ita 
in  a  year. 

"  One  of  the  best-reasoned  books  in  the  world."—  BISHOP  WAB- 

Other  serms.  After  the  bishop's  death  a  collection  of 
his  sermons  was  pub.  for  the  benefit  of  his  family,  in  2 
vols.  8vo,  1757,  on  a  subscription  list  of  4600  copies.' 


"  His  sermons  abound  with  just  and  solid  reflections,  useful  ob 
servations  on  the  conduct  of  human  life,  and  clear  reasonings  on 
a  variety  of  important  subjects." — Lon.  Monthly  Review. 

Some  of  Bishop  Conybeare's  sermons  will  be  found  in 
Bishop  Randolph's  Enchiridion  Theologicum. 

Conybeare,  John  Josias,  1779-1824,  entered  of 
Christ  Church,  Oxford,  1797;  elected  to  the  Anglo-Saxon 
Professorship,  1807 ;  Professor  of  Poetry,  1812.  The  Bamp- 
ton  Lectures  for  1824;  on  the  interpretation  of  Scripture, 
Oxf.,  1824,  8vo. 
"This  work  contains  much  valuable  information." — BiCKERSTETrr. 

Illustrations  of  Anglo-Saxon  Poetry,  edited  by  W.  D.  Co 
nybeare,  1826,  Svo.  This  work  has  done  much  to  promote 
the  study  of  Anglo-Saxon  literature.  Large  portions  of 
the  Song  of  the  Traveller  and  Beowulf  will  be  found  in  the 
volume.  Mr.  Conybeare  was  a  contributor  to  the  British 
Bibliographer. 

Conybeare,  Very  Rev.  William  Daniel,  Dean 
of  Llandaff,  1787-1857,  was  born  at  his  father's  rectory, 
St.  Botolph's,  Bishopsgate;  entered  Christ  Church  Coll., 
Oxford,  1805;  took  the  degree  of  B.A.,  1808,  and  M.A.  in 
1811.  "He  was  one  of  the  earliest  promoters  of  the  Geo 
logical  Society;  and  the  important  services  he  has  rendered 
to  geological  science  may  be  seen  in  his  numerous  papers 
printed  in  the  Society's  Trans."  Theological  Lectures,  in 
3  parts,  Lon.,  1834;  2d  ed.,  1836,  Svo. 
"  His  theological  lectures  are  beyond  all  praise." 

"  Much  valuable  and  erudite  information,  conveyed  in  a  popular 
form,  on  the  character  of  the  Semitic  dialects  in  general,  will  bo 
found  in  the  essay  appended." — LOWNDES. 

Bampton  Lectures  for  1839:  On  the  Fathers  during  the 
Ante-Nicene  Period,  Oxford,  1839,  Svo.  Outlines  of  tho 
Geology  of  England  and  Wales,  by  W.  D.  C.  and  William 
Phillips,  1822  :  Parti:  all  printed.  Geological  Memoir  of 
the  Landslip  in  Devon,  fol.,  1840. 

Conybeare,  W.  J.,  son  of  the  preceding,  d.  1857;  lato 
Fellow  of  Trinity  College,  Cambridge;  Principal  of  the 
Collegiate  Institution,  Liverpool.  Serms.  preached  in  tho 
Chapel  Royal  at  Whitehall,  Lon.,  1844,  Svo.  The  Life 
and  Epistles  of  St.  Paul,  Lon.,  1850-52,  2  vols.  4to,  (Amer. 
ed.,  N.Y.,  1854,  2  vols.  8vo,)  by  W.  J.  C.  and  Rev.  J.  S. 
Howson;  the  trans,  of  the  Epistles  and  Speeches  of  St. 
Paul  by  W.  J.  C.,  the  narrative,  archaeological,  and  geo 
graphical  portions  by  the  latter.  This  is  one  of  the  most 
important  contributions  to  theological  literature  since  tho 
Reformation. 

"The  purpose  of  this  work  is  to  give  a  living  picture  of  St.  Paul 
himself,  and  of  the  circumstances  by  which  he  was  surrounded. 
The  biography  of  the  apostle  must  be  compiled  from  two  sources : 
1st,  his  own  letters;  and  2dly,  the  narrative  in  the  Acts  of  the 
Apostles." 

"  A  valuable  help  towards  understanding  the  New  Testament. 
The  Greek  and  Latin  quotations  are  almost  entirely  confined  to 
the  notes :  any  unlearned  reader  may  study  the  text  with  ease  and 
profit."— N.  Brit.  Rev.,  Feb.  1854. 

"  It  is  our  sober  conviction  that,  as  a  guide  to  the  true  knowledge 
of  Paul's  life  and  writings,  it  is  worth  any  half-dozen  commenta 
ries  we  have  met  with." — REV.  DR.  SPRAGUE,  of  Albany. 

Essays,  Ecclesiastical  and  Social,  Svo.    Perversion,  Svo. 

Conyers,  James.     Serm.,  Lon.,  1635. 

Conyers,  Richard.  Med.  Essays  and  Serm.,  1729-64. 

Conyers,  Tobias.     Serm.,  1659,  4to. 

Coode,  G.  Remarks  on  Legislative  Expression,  or 
the  Language  of  the  Written  Law,  Lon.,  1845,  Svo;  2d 
ed.,  1852. 

"  To  statesmen,  capable  of  close  thought,  and  to  well-educated 
lawyers,  this  extremely  able  treatise  will  be  of  much  value,  if  they 
choose  to  profit  by  it;  to  the  herd  of  ordinary  draftsmen  it  will  be 
utterly  unintelligible.  Its  object  is  to  teach  these  persons  the  ru 
diments  of  the  art  of  expressing  laws." — 2  JV.  S.  Law  Mag.,  413. 

Cook.     The  Eng.  School-Master,  Lon.,  1656,  4to. 

Cook,  Aurelian.    Titus  Britannicus,  1685,  Svo. 

Cook,  Ebenezer.  The  Sal-Weed  Factor;  or,  A  Voy 
age  to  Maryland;  a  Satire,  Lon.,  4to. 

Cook,  Edward.  Duello  Foiled.  See  Hearne's  Col 
lection,  ii.  223. 

Cook,  Eliza,  b.  1817,  the  daughter  of  a  tradesman  in 
the  borough  of  Southwark,  near  London,  gained  consider 
able  reputation  when  in  her  20th  year,  as  a  poetical  con 
tributor  to  some  of  the  higher  class  of  London  periodicals 
— The  New  Monthly  Magazine,  The  Metropolitan,  The 
Literary  Gazette,  Ac.  In  1840  a  vol.  of  her  poems  was 
pub.  in  London,  and  was  repub.  in  New  York  in  184 •{, 
under  the  title  of  Melaia,  and  other  Poems.  Many  edits, 
of  her  poems,  considerably  augmented,  have  been  since 
pub.  in  England  and  America.  The  Old  Arm  Chair,  The 
Old  Farm  Gate,  Home  in  the  Heart,  The  Last  Good-Bye, 
and  I  Miss  Thee,  My  Mother !  are  known  to  and  loved  by 
thousands,  both  old  and  young.  In  September,  1849,  ap 
peared  the  first  number  of  Eliza  Cook's  Journal. 

"  I  am  anxious,"  she  remarks,  "  to  give  my  feeble  aid  to  the  gi- 


coo 

gantic  struggle  for  intellectual  elevation  now  going  on,  and  fling 
my  energies  and  will  into  a  cause  where  my  heart  will  zealously 
animate  my  duty." 

Such  philanthropic  aspirations  were  not  doomed  to  dis 
appointment : — Eliza  Cook's  Journal  now  (1854)  stands 
among  the  first  in  point  of  popularity  and  circulation  in 
the  list  of  periodicals,  which  have  done  so  much  for  the 
mental  culture  of  Great  Britain  and  America. 

"  The  characteristics  of  her  poetry  are,  great  freedom,  ease,  and 
heartiness  of  sentiment  and  expression ;  and  she  makes  you  feel 
at  once  that  her  whole  heart  is  in  all  she  writes ;  that  she  gives  full 
utterance  to  the  depths  of  her  soul — a  soul  that  is  in  sympathy 
with  all  that  is  pure  and  true." — PROF.  CLEVELAND  :  Eng.  Lit.  of  the 
IQth  Ckntury. 

Cook,  F.  C.  Poetry  for  Schools.  Comment,  on  Acts, 
1850,  12mo. 

"  This  little  book  is  chiefly  designed  for  public  or  popular  schools ; 
and  the  selections  have  been  made  upon  the  high  principle  of  ex 
panding  the  intellects  of  the  pupils,  and  humanizing  and  elevating 
their  sentiments." — Spectator. 

Cook,  Francis.     Theolog.  treatises,  1641,  '45,  '50. 

Cook,  George.     Serm.,  1805,  4to. 

Cook,  George,  D.D.,  of  Laurence  Kirk.  Hist,  of  the 
Keformation  in  Scotland,  Edin.,  1811, 3  vols.  8vo,  and  1819. 

"  The  author  is  a  friend  to  civil  and  religious  liberty ;  he  has 
done  justice  to  the  talents  and  character  of  the  Reformers,  and 
evinced  much  industry  and  impartiality  in  examining  the  author 
ities  from  which  he  has  taken  his  materials."— McCrie's  Life  of 
Knox. 

Hist,  of  the  Church  of  Scotland,  Lon.,  1815,  3  vols.  8vo. 
See  Edin.  Review,  xxvii.  163.  Reality  of  Christ's  Resur 
rection,  1808,  8vo. 

"  A  well-written  and  valuable  book." — British  Critic. 

Substance  of  a  Speech  in  the  G.  Assembly,  1816,  8vo. 

Cook,  J.  Address  to  the  Public  on  the  Prevention  of 
Crime,  1793,  8vo. 

Cook,  Captain  James,  a  celebrated  circumnaviga 
tor,  b.  in  Yorkshire,  1728,  killed  in  a  quarrel  with  the  na 
tives  at  Owhyhee,  one  of  the  Sandwich  Islands,  in  1799. 
Of  Cook's  First  Voyage,  1768-71,  an  account  will  be  found 
in  Dr.  Hawkesworth's  collection,  including  voyages  of  By 
ron,  Wallis,  Carteret,  and  Cook,  pub.  Lon.,  1773, 3  vols.  4to. 
Captain  Cook's  account  of  his  Second  Voyage,  1772—75, 
was  pub.  in  2  vols.  4to,  Lon.,  1777.  His  Account  of  his 
Third  Voyage,  1776-79,  with  its  conclusion  by  Captain 
King,  1779,  '80,  was  pub.  in  3  vols.  4to,  Lon.,  1784,  '85.  Ac 
count  of  the  Three  Voyages,  pub.  in  7  vols.  8vo,  Lon.,  1821, 
and  in  2  vols.  8vo,  1842.  See  Dibdin's  Library  Companion; 
Lowndes's  Bibl.  Man.;  and  read  Dr.  Kippis's  Life  of  Cook 
in  Biog.  Brit. 

"  The  spirit,  disinterestedness,  penetration,  physical  and  intel 
lectual  energies  of  Captain  James  Cook,  fitted  him  in  an  especial 
manner  for  the  various  and  extraordinary  discoveries  which  he  so 
successfully  accomplished,  and  to  which,  alas !  he  fell  a  victim  and 
a  sacrifice.  Never  were  such  labours  closed  by  such  a  tragical  ca 
tastrophe  ;  and  if  the  eulogies  of  the  good  and  the  wise  of  all  coun 
tries  be  grateful  to  departed  spirits,  surely  there  is  no  spirit  which 
can  be  soothed  with  purer  attestations  of  worth,  and  higher  acknow 
ledgments  of  excellence,  than  that  of  this  unparalleled  and  most 
unfortunate  commander." — Dibdiris  Lib.  Comp. 

The  eight  4to  vols.  referred  to  above,  (the  Admiralty 
edit.,)  comprehending  accounts  of  Cook's  three  voyages, 
are  richly  ornamented  with  plates  by  Bartolozzi,  Basire, 
Pouncey,  Lerpiniere,  and  other  eminent  engravers. 

"  This  noble  set  of  books  is  the  fittest  monument  raised  to  Eng 
land's  greatest  navigator.  All  the  literary  and  artistic  resources 
of  the  age  were  employed  in  it,  and  there  is  no  greater  ornament 
to  a  public  or  private  library." 

Cook,  John.  Redintegratio  Amoris,  Lon.,  1647,  4to. 
Passage  from  Sea  from  Wexford  to  Kinsale,  1650,  4to. 
Monarchy  no  Creature  of  God's  Making,  wherein  is  proved 
that  the  Execution  of  the  Late  King  was  one  of  the  Fattest 
Sacrifices  that  ever  Queen  Justice  had,  Waterf.,  1652,  8vo- 
new  ed.,  1794,  8vo.  Other  treatises. 

Cook,  or  Cooke,  John.  Green's  Tu  Quoque ;  or  the 
Cittie  Gallant;  a  Play  of  much  humour,  Lon.,  1614,  4to. 
He  also  wrote  50  Epigrams. 

Cook,  John.     Serm.,  Lon.,  1675,  4to. 

Cook,  John,  D.D.,  Prof,  of  Divinity  at  St.  Andrews. 
Inquiry  into  the  Books  of  the  New  Testament,  Edin.,  1821, 

"  He  treats  of  the  elements  of  theology,  of  the  interpretation, 
the  authenticity,  the  integrity  ofthe  text,  the  purpose  and  style, 
and  the  divinity  of  the  revelation  of  the  New  Testament.  On  all 
these  subjects  the  work  deserves  to  be  consulted." — ORME  :  Bibl.  Bib. 

"  A  masterly  treatise  on  Sacred  Criticism."—  T.  H.  Home's  Introd. 

On  a  similar  plan  with  the  lectures  of  Bishop  Marsh. 
See  Lon.  Eclectic  Review,  N.  S.,  xviii.  310. 

Cook,  John,  D.D.,  of  Haddington.  Styles  of  Writs 
and  Forms  of  Procedure  in  the  Church  Courts  of  Scotland, 
revised  and  adapted  to  the  Present  State  of  the  Law  of  the 
Church,  Edin.,  1850,  8vo. 

"  A  work  which  ought  to  be  on  the  table  of  every  Presbyter, 
and  in  the  Library  of  every  parish  minister."— Edin.  Advertiser. 


COO 

Acts  of  the  General  Assembly  of  the  Church  of  Scotland, 
from  1843  to  1850,  inclusive,  imp.  8vo. 

"  These  Acts  contain  a  great  mass  of  litigation,  generally  of  a 
sound  practical  character,  a  knowledge  of  which  is  absolutely  in 
dispensable  to  every  member  of  our  Church  Courts." — Edin.  Adver. 

Cook,  John,  M.D.     Philosophy  Unveiled,  1723,  8vo. 

Cook,  John,  M.D.  Voyages  and  Travels  through  the 
Russian  Empire,  Tartary,  &c.,  Edin.,  1770,  2  vols.  8vo. 

Cook,  M.     Waste  in  Dress,  Lon.,  1787,  8vo. 

Cook,  Moses.  Raising,  Ac.  Forest  and  Fruit  Trees, 
Ac.,  1676-79,  Ac. 

Cook,  S.  Answer  to  Lord  Sheffield  on  the  Navigation 
System,  1804. 

Cook,  Captain  S.  E.  Sketches  in  Spain  during  the 
years  1829-32,  Lon.,  1834,  2  vols.  8vo. 

"  Full  of  curious  information,  and  anecdotes  not  to  be  met  with 
elsewhere." 

Cook,  Thomas.  Industry  and  Idleness ;  forming  a 
part  of  a  new  edit,  ofthe  Works  of  Hogarth,  1796. 

Cook,  W.  H.,  M.D.,  b.  1832,  in  New  York  City;  Prof, 
of  Therapeutics,  Ac.  in  the  Physio-Medical  Coll.,  Ohio. 
Treatise  on  the  Dysentery,  1855.  Principles  and  Practice 
of  Physio-Medical  Surgery,  Cincinnati,  1857,  8vo. 

Cook,William.Warmingby  Pipes;  Phil. Trans.,  1745. 

Cooke,  of  the  Inner  Temple.  Chrbnica  Juridicalia, 
Lon.,  1685,  8vo.  Argumentum  Anti-Normanicum,  1682, 
8vo.  See  this  answered  in  Brady's  Introd.  to  Old  Eng.  Hist. 

Cooke.    Remark.  Declarations  and  Speeches,  1681,  fol. 

Cooke.  Trans,  of  Histoire  de  1'Edit  de  Nantes,1694,4to. 

Cooke,  Alexander.  Pope  Joane;  proving  that  a 
woman  called  Joan  was  Pope  of  Rome,  Lon.,  1610,  4to ; 
with  addits.,  1625.  See  Harleian  Miscellany,  vol.  iv.  In 
French,  Sedan,  1633,  8vo.  Worke,  more  Worke,  and  a  little 
more  Worke  for  a  Masse-Priest,  Lon.,  1628;  best  edit., 
1630,  4to.  The  Weather  Cocke  of  Rome's  Religion,  1625, 
4to.  The  Abatement  of  Popish  Braggs,  pretending  Scrip 
ture  to  be  theirs,  1625,  4to. 

"  Cooke  was  a  person  most  admirably  well  read  in  the  controver 
sies  between  the  protestants  and  the  papists,  vers'd  in  the  fathers 
and  schoolmen,  a  great  Calvinist,  yet  witty  and  ingenious,  and  a 
satyrical  enemy  in  his  writings  against  the  Romanists." — ANTHONY 
WOOD. 

Cooke,  Anne.    See  BACON,  LADY  ANNE. 

Cooke,  Benjamin.  Con.  to  Phil.  Trans.,  1738,  '45, 
'47 ;  Nat.  Philos.,  Horticulture,  Ac. 

Cooke,  Benjamin,  d.  1793,  a  composer  of  music. 

Cooke,  Benjamin.  Con.  to  Nic.  Jour.,  1809,  '10, 
'11,  '12;  Nat.  Philos.  and  Domestic  Economy. 

Cooke,  Sir  Charles.  Commerce  of  G.  B.  and  Ireland. 

Cooke,  E.     Prospective  Glass  of  War,  1628. 

Cooke,  E.  W.  Shipping  and  Craft,  Lon.,  1829,  r.  4to ; 
65  etchings. 

"  These  illustrative  etchings  are  of  a  very  surprising  character. 
They  are  executed  in  a  bold  and  masterly  style,  which,  coupled  with 
the  fidelity  of  the  design,  shows  uncommon  power." — Lon.  Times. 

Cooke,  Edward.  A  just  and  seasonable  Reprehen 
sion  of  Naked  Breasts  and  Shoulders ;  with  a  preface  by 
Richard  Baxter,  Lon.,  1678,  8vo. 

Cooke,  Edward.     Magna  Charta,  Lon.,  1680, 12mo. 

Cooke,  Edward.  Certain  Passages  which  happened 
at  Newport,  Nov.  29,  1648,  relating  to  Charles  I.,  Lon., 
1690,  4to. 

"  In  this  pamphlet  are  several  things  worth  reading  that  were 
never  before  published." — Athen.  Oxon. 

Reprint,  with  Sir  Thos.  Herbert's  Memoirs  of  K.  Chas.  I. 

Cooke, Edward.  Love's  Triumph,  etc. ;  a  Trag.,  Lon., 
1678,  4to. 

Cooke,  Edward.    A  Serm.,  Lon.,  1719,  8vo. 

Cooke,  Edward.  Union  between  G.  B.  and  Ireland, 
1798. 

Cooke,  Captain  Edward.  Voyage  to  the  South 
Seas  and  round  the  World,  Lon.,  1712,  2  vols.  8vo. 

Cooke,  Elizabeth.  See  RUSSELL,  LADY  ELIZABETH. 

Cooke,  Elisha,  d.  1737,  of  Mass.     Political  tracts. 

Cooke,  F.    Universal  Letter- Writer,  Lon.,  1819, 12mo.t 

Cooke,  G.  Wingrove.  Memoirs  of  Lord  Boling- 
broke,  Lon.,  1835,  2  vols.  8vo.  Life  of  the  Earl  of  Shaftes- 
bury,  edited  by  G.  W.  C.,  1836,  2  vols.  8vo. 

"  An  invaluable  piece  of  biography,  and  one  of  great  interest, 
relating  to  the  most  instructive  portion  of  our  history— the  wars 
between  Charles  I.  and  his  Parliament."— ion.  Athenceum. 

The  History  of  Party ;  2d  edit.,  1840,  3  vols.  8vo. 

"  Mr.  Cooke's  work  is  a  valuable  one.  He  has  laboured  zealously 
and  well." — Lon.  Globe. 

Treatise  on  the  Law  of  Defamation,  1844,  12mo. 

"  This  is  one  ofthe  latest  and  best  books  on  the  Law  of  Defama 
tion."—  Marvin's  Legal  Bibl. 

Inclosure  of  Commons ;  3d  edit,  1856,  12mo.  Enfran 
chisement  of  Copyholds,  1852,  12mo ;  2d  ed.,  1853.  Law 
and  Practice  of  Agricultural  Tenancies,  1851,  8vo. 

421 


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"  There  is  much  wading  in  order  to  arrive  at  a  useful  truth.  The 
time  is  now  come  to  disentangle  negotiations  such  as  a  farming 
tenancy  from  all  feudal  entertainments,  and  place  them  on  sound 
economical  principles,  and  the  intelligencies  of  common  sense,  rea 
son,  ana  simple  notice." — Donaldson's  AgricuU.  Bing. 
China  in  1857-58,  Lon.,  1858.  Commended. 
Cooke,  George.  Etchings  of  Views  of  London  and 
its  Vicinity;  50  engravings,  1826-28,  r.  4to.  Thames 
Scenery ;  75  engravings,  Lon.,  1822,  r.  4to.  See  H.  G. 
Bohn's  Guinea  Catalogue,  Lon.,  1841.  Also  refer  there  to 
COOKE,  E.  W.,  and  W.  B. 

Cooke,  Sir  George.    Reports  of  Cases  in  the  C.  P., 
Ac.,  and  Rules,  Orders,  Ac.  in  the  K.  B.,  Lon.,  1740-42,  fol. 
Cooke,  Henry.     Serm.,  Camb.,  1704,  4to. 
Cooke,  J.     Serm.,  1812,  8vo. 

Cooke,  J.  A.  New  Orders  of  the  H.  C.  of  Chancery  ; 
2d  ed.,  Lon.,  1842,  12mo. 

"  This  is  said  to  be  a  meagre  and  indifferent  publication."  See 
2  Jurist.  971. 

Cooke,  James.  Juridica  Determinatio  trium  Ques- 
tionum  de  Majestate,  Oxon.,  1608,  4to. 

Cooke,  James.  Mellificium  Chirurgise ;  or,  the  Mar 
row  of  Chirurgery,  Anatomy,  and  Physick,  much  enlarged, 
Ac.,  Lon.,  1616,  Svo;  Supplement,  1655,  12ino. 

Cooke,  James.     Drill  Husbandry  perfected,  1784. 
Cooke,  John,  of  Canterbury.   Serms.,1729, 2  vols.8vo. 
"  Quae  condones  multum  laudantur." —  Walchii  Bibliotheca  Theo- 
logica. 

Cooke,  John.  Compting  H.  Assistant,  1761,  12mo. 
Cooke,  John,  Rector  of  Wentnor,  Salop.  Sermon, 
1773,  8vo.  The  Preacher's  Assistant,  Oxford,  1783,  2  vols. 
Svo :  vol.  i.  containing  the  Texts  of  Serms.  and  Dis 
courses  pub.  since  the  Restoration ;  vol.  ii.  The  Authors,  and 
a  succinct  view  of  their  works. 

"  I  refer  the  reader  to  this,  as  a  useful  catalogue  from  which  he 
may  select  such  writers  of  sermons  as  he  may  think  fit  for  his 
library ;  for  where  all  are  equally  good,  it  would  be  presumptuous 
in  me  to  attempt  to  particularize  the  best." — BISHOP  WATSON. 

"  If  continued  to  the  present  time,  and  made  to  include  Com 
mentaries  and  Treatises  founded  on  chapters  and  texts,  and  printed 
in  a  smaller  type,  so  as  to  come  into  one  volume,  it  being  only 
wanted  for  reference,  it  would  be  an  invaluable  work  for  ministers. 
For  older  Treatises,  &c.,  see  A  Catalogue  of  our  English  Writers  in 
the  Old  and  New  Testaments,  12mo,  1668." — Bickersteth's  Chris 
tian  Student. 

Cooke,  John.  De  Intestinis  eorumque  afiectibus  in 
genere,  Ultr.,  1648,  4to. 

Cooke,  John.  Trans.  Irish  Acad.,  1789, 1818  :  Steam 
Engine;  Instrument  for  Navigation ;  Wheel  Carriages. 

Cooke,  John.  Hist.  Account  of  Greenwich  Hospital, 
by  J.  C.  and  Mr.  Maull,  1789,  4to.  Sermon,  1789,  8vo. 
Voyage  of  the  Earl  of  Sandwich,  1799,  4to. 

Cooke,  John.     Confess,  of  a  Deist,  1796,  Svo.     Let 
ters,  1797.   Memoirs  and  Remains  of  G.  Redford,  1828,  Svo. 
Cooke,  John.     Circular  Atlas,  1801.     See  Nic.  Jour. 
1801. 

Cooke,  John.     Serms.,  Birmingham,  1835,  Svo. 
"  Written  in  an  unpretending  style,  and  while  they  are  correct 
in  their  views,  are  pleasing  as  to  manner." — British  Mag. 

Cooke,  John,  M.D.     Profess,  treatises,  Lon.,  1730- 
89  :  medical,  medical  botany,  chemical,  and  antiquarian. 
Cooke,  John  Conrade.   Cookery  and  Confectionary. 
"  The  present  work  cannot  be  surpassed  by  Gunter,  Jarrin,  Ude, 
or  Beauvilliers." — Lon.  Literary  Magnet. 

Cooke,  John  Esten,  b.  1830,  at  Winchester,  Vir 
ginia,  brother  of  Philip  Pendleton  Cooke.  1.  Leather 
Stocking  and  Silk.  2.  The  Virginia  Comedians;  from  the 
MSS.  of  C.  Effingham,  Esq. 

"  The  period  of  the  story  is  about  the  middle  of  the  last  century ; 
the  place  Williamsburg,  Virginia,  and  its  vicinity ;  the  characters 
Virginia  gentlemen  of  that  day  and  generation,  among  whom 
comes  Beatrice  Hallam,  the  leading  actress  of  a  company  of  come 
dians  of  that  ilk,  and  one  of  the  most  striking,  truthful,  and 
lovable  characters  in  modern  fiction.-  The  interest  of  the  book 
never  flags.  The  characters  are  such  that  we  cannot  be  indifferent 
to  them,  and  the  author  absorbs  us  in  their  actions  and  their  fate." 
3.  \">:'h  of  Jefferson.  4.  Henry  St.  John,  Gentle 
man,  Nair  York,  1858.  Contributor  to  the  Southern  Lite 
rary  Messenger. 

Cooke,  Joseph.     Theolog.  Essays,  1806,  '08,  '11. 
Cooke,  Layton.     The  Grazier's  Manual;  being  Ta 
bles  showing  the  net  weight  of  Cattle,  Calves,  Sheep,  and 
Swine,  on  new  principles,  Lon.,  1819,  12mo. 

"  A  neat  volume  of  most  useful  materials."— Donaldson's  Agri- 
adt.  Bioff. 

Cooke,  Nath.  Treatises  on  Polit.  Economy,  Lon. 
1798,  1811,  Svo.  Immortality  of  the  Soul,  1813,  4to. 

Cooke,  Philip  Pendleton,  1816-1850,  a  native  of 
Berkeley  county,  Virginia.  1.  Froissart  Ballads,  nnd  other 
Poems.  2.  The  Chevalier  Merlin :  in  course  of  publica 
tion  in  the  Southern  Literary  Messenger  at  the  time  of 
Mr.  Cooke's  death.  Mr.  Cooke  contributed  many  papers 
to  the  above-named  magazine  and  other  periodicala. 


"Undoubtedly  Philip  Pendleton  Cooke  was  one  of  the  truest 
poets  of  our  day,  and  what  he  has  left  was  full  of  promise  that  he 
would  become  one  of  the  most  famous." — DR.  R.  W.  GRISWOLD. 

"In  its  rare  and  peculiar  excellence,  in  delicately-touched  senti 
ment,  Florence  Vane  has  the  merit  of  an  antique  song." — Duyc~ 
kincks'  Cyc.  of  Amer.  Lit. 

"  The  Chevalier  Merlin  is  less  a  novel  than  a  prose  poem.  No 
one  but  Mr.  Cooke  could  have  written  it." — EDGAK  A.  POE. 

Cooke,  Richard.  A  White  Sheet;  a  Serm.  on  Heb. 
xiii.  4,  Lon.,  1629,  4to. 

Cooke,  or  Cocus,  Robert.     Censura  quorundum 
Scriptorum  quae   sub  Nominibus   Sanctorum  et  Veterutu 
Auctorum  Pontificiis  citari  solent,  Lon.,  1614, 1623-29, 4to. 
Cooke,  Samuel,  of  Mass.     Serms.,  1748-71. 
Cooke,  Shadrach.     Serms.,  1685-1723. 
Cooke,  Thomas.     Episcopacy  Asserted,  1641. 
Cooke,  Thomas.     Serms.,  1702,  '12,  Svo. 
Cooke,  Thomas.     Christian  Sacrifices,  1704,  4to. 
Cooke,  Thomas.     Funeral  Serm.,  1709,  4to. 
Cooke,  Thomas,  1702  P-1756,  a  native  of  Braintree, 
Essex,  a  poet  and  man  of  learning.     In  1725  he  pub.  a 
poem  entitled  The  Battle  of  the  Poets,  in  which  Pope, 
Swift,  and  others  were  treated  with  more  freedom  than 
reverence.    But  Cooke  excited  Pope's  ire  to  a  much  higher 
pitch  by  publishing  in  The  Daily  Journal  in  1727  a  trans, 
of  the  episode  of  Thersites  in  the  2d  book  of  the  Iliad,  to 
show  the  blunders  of  Pope.    For  this  exposure,  and  Cooke's 
share  in  Penelope,  a  Farce,  the  reader  already  anticipates 
the  penalty.     If  Pope  was  not  a  Hellenist,  he  was  an  ex 
cellent  satirist,  and  Mr.  Cooke  was  at  once  placed  in  the 
literary  pillory  yclep'd  The  Dunciad.     In  a  subsequent 
edit,  of  The  Battle  of  the  Poets,  Cooke  notices  this  con 
temptible  conduct  of  Pope,  and  speaks  with  little  respect 
of  his 

"  Philosophy  or  dignity  of  mind  who  could  be  provoked  by  what 
a  boy  writ  concerning  his  translation  of  Homer,  and  in  verses 
which  gave  no  long  promise  of  duration." 

The  Knights  of  the  Bath,  1725.  The  Triumph  of  Love 
and  Honour,  a  Play.  The  Eunuch,  a  Farce.  The  Mourn 
ful  Nuptials,  a  Trag.  Life  and  Writings  of  A.  Marvell, 
1726,  2  vols.  12mo.  Trans,  of  Hesiod,  1728;  of  Cicero  on 
the  Nature  of  the  Gods,  Poems,  1742.  Trans,  of  Plautus, 
vol.  i.,  1754;  all  pub. 

"  Dr.  Johnson  told  us  of  Cooke  who  translated  Hesiod,  and  lived 
twenty  years  on  a  translation  of  Plautus,  for  which  he  was  always 
taking  in  subscriptions;  and  that  he  presented  Foote  to  a  club  in 
the  following  singular  manner — '  This  is  the  nephew  of  a  gentle 
man  who  was  lately  hung  in  chains  for  murdering  his  brother.'"— 
BosweWs  Tour  to  the  Hebrides. 

Cooke,  Thomas.     Serm.,  1752.    Essay,  1753. 
Cooke,  Thomas.  The  King  Cannot  Err,Com.,(l762,) 
12mo.     The  Hermit  Converted,  (1771,)  Svo.  * 

Cooke,  W.  Trans,  of  G.  Zollikofer's  Sermons,  1807- 
14,  11  vols.  Svo. 

"  These  Sermons  breathe  the  pure  and  gentle  spirit  of  Chris 
tianity,  and  exhibit  religion  to  our  view  in  the  most  animated  and 
alluring  form." 

Cooke,  W.  Notes  to  Morgagni's  Seats  and  Causes  of 
Diseases,  Phila.,  2  vols.  Svo. 

Cooke,  William.  Vindication  of  the  Professors 
and  Profession  of  the  Law,  1642,  4to.  What  a  book  for 
lawyers ! 

Cooke,  William.     Infant  Baptism,  1644,  '51,  4to. 
Cooke,  William.     Inquiry  into  the  Patriarchal  and 
Druidical  Religion,  Temples,  Ac.,  Lon.,  1755,  4to.      The 
Medallic  History  of   Imperial  Rome,  1781,  2  vols.  4to. 
Other  works. 

Cooke,  William,  1757-1832,  a  law  writer  of  London, 
of  considerable  eminence.  Bankrupt  Laws,  1786;  8th  ed., 
with  addits.  by  Geo.  Roots,  1823,  2  vols.  r.  Svo.  This  was 
long  the  standard  upon  the  subject,  but  has  now  become 
obsolete  excepting  for  reference  to  the  old  statutes. 

Cooke,  William,  d.  1824,  a  native  of  Cork,  settled 

in  London,  and  obtained  some  celebrity  as  a  writer.     The 

Art  of  Living  in  London ;  a  Poem.     The  Elements  of 

;  Dramatic  Criticism,  1775,  Svo.     The  Capricious  Lady;  a 

j  Com.,  1783,  Svo.     Conversation,  a  Didactic  Poem,  1796, 

1  4to;  2d  ed.,  1807,  Svo;  4th  ed.,  1815.     A  poem  of  great 

merit.     Memoirs  of  C.  Macklin,  Svo.      Memoirs  of  Sam. 

I  Foote,  with  some  of  his  writings,  1805,  3  vols.  Svo. 

Cooke,  William,  Fellow  of  King's  College,  Cam 
bridge,  Greek  Prof,  at  that  University  from  1780  to  1790. 
I  Serms.,  1780,  '81.     Aristotelis  de  Re  Poetica,  1785,  Svo. 
j  Praelectio  ad  auctum  publicum  habita,  Cantab.,  1787,  4to. 
The    Revelations    translated,    examined,    and   explained 
I  throughout,  with   Keys,  Illustrations,  Notes,  and   Com 
ments.  Ac.,  Lon.,  1789,  Svo.     This  work  has  been  severely 
criticized  : 

"  A  writer  who  can  discover  the  Jewish  church  in  the  Iliad, 
and  Christianity  in  the  Odyssey,  may  certainly  find  whatever  ha 
pleases  in  the  Book  of  llevelation;  but  it  is  not  equally  certain 


coo 


coo 


that  he  is  qualified  to  detect  the  fallacies  of  Joseph  Mede  and  to 
prove  him  mistaken,  false,  aud  erroneous." — Lon.  Month.  Rev., 
N.S.,  iii.  148. 

"A  very  useless  and  trifling  performance,  and  noticed  here 
merely  to  prevent  the  reader's  being  taken  in — as  the  author  once 
was — by  ordering  it." — Orme's  Bibl.  Bib. 

Cooke,William,  Surgeon.  Profess.  treatises,1810,'ll. 

Cooke,  William.     Geography,  Lon.,  1812,  4to. 

Cooke,  William.  Isle  of  Wight,  Southamp.,  1813, 
8vo. 

Cooke,  William.     Sermons,  1847,  '50. 

Cooke,  William  B.  Southern  Coast  of  England, 
1817-27,  Lon.,  2  vols.  r.  4to.  For  other  works  of  this 
eminent  artist,  see  Lowndes's  Bibl.  Man.,  and  H.  G.  Bonn's 
Guinea  Cat,  1841. 

Cookesey,  John.     Serm.,  Lon.,  1743,  '57,  '60. 

Cookesley,  William,  Surgeon.  Profess,  treatises, 
1736,  &c.,  in  Ed.  Med.  Ess.,  v.  p.  427,  and  Med.  Obs.  and 
Inq.,  iii.  p.  64. 

Cookesley,  William  G.  Serms.,  Lon.,  1843-44,  2 
vols.  8vo. 

"  Sound  and  moderate  in  doctrine,  earnest  in  their  exhortations, 
and  well  suited  for  the  purposes  of  family  and  domestic  worship." 
—Cfiurch  and  State  Gazette. 

Cooksey,  Richard.  Essay  on  Lord  Somers,  and 
Philip,  Earl  of  Hardwicke ;  proposed  to  be  inserted  in  a 
compendious  Hist,  of  Worcestershire,  Lon.,  1791,  4to. 

"  An  esteemed  work." 

Miscellaneous  Poems,  1796,  8vo. 

Cookson,  J.,  M.D.  Phil.  Trans.,  1735, '45:  Med. 
and  Magnetism. 

Cookson,  Rev.  James.  Polygamy,  1782.  Prayer 
Book,  1811. 

Coole,  Benj.  Reflections  on  a  Letter  on  Locke's  Pa 
raphrase  and  Notes,  1717,  8vo. 

Cooley,  Arnold  James.  Pharmaceutical  Latin 
Grammar,  1845,  Lon.,  12mo. 

"Illustrated  by  apposite  quotations  on  medical  subjects." — 
Med.  Gaz. 

Cyclopaedia  of  Practical  Receipts;  3d  ed.,  1858,  8vo, 
pp.  1350. 

"  A  compendious  dictionary  of  reference  to  the  manufacturer, 
tradesman,  and  amateur." — Preface. 

Cooley,  James  Ewing,  b.  1802,  in  Massachusetts. 
The  American  in  Egypt,  <fec.  in  1839,  '40,  N.  York,  8vo. 

Cooley,  William  D.  Euclid's  Elements;  Figures 
of  Euclid ;  both,  1839, 12mo.  Geomet.  Propos.,  1840, 12mo. 
The  Negroland  of  the  Arabs  Examined  and  Explained, 
Lon.,  1841,  8vo. 

"  A  truly  classical  work." — COUNT  G.  DA  HEMSO. 

Hist,  of  Maritime  and  Inland  Discovery,  1830,  3  vols. 
8vo;  and  1846. 

"  A  comprehensive  and  well-written  sketch."— McCuiLOCH. 

The  World  Surveyed  in  the  19th  Century:  vol.  L,  Par 
rot's  Ascent  of  Mount  Ararat,  1845,  8vo;  vol.  ii.,  iii.,  Er- 
man's  Travels  in  Siberia,  1848,  2  vols.  8vo. 

"  Mr.  Cooley  has  done  the  cause  of  knowledge  much  good  service 
by  his  able  and  vigorous  translation  of  Mr.  Erman's  valuable  work. 

To  no  more  skilful  hands  could  the  task  have  been  intrusted." 

Dublin  Review. 

Claudius  Ptolemy  and  the  Nile,  1854,  8vo. 

Cooling,  Dennis.     Assize  Serm.,  1708,  4to. 

Coombe,  Thomas,  D.D.,  a  native  of  Philadelphia, 
banished  at  the  time  of  the  Revolution  ;  afterwards  became 
Prebendary  of  Canterbury.  1.  The  Peasant  of  Auburn, 
or  The  Emigrant;  a  Poem,  Lon.,  1775.  2.  Serms.,  &c  1771 
'83,  '89. 

Coombe,  William,  1741-1823.  1.  The  Diabolaid;  a 
Poem.  2.  Devil  upon  Two  Sticks  in  England.  3.  Royal 
Register,  (q.  v.)  4.  Letters  which  passed  under  the  name  of 
Lord  Lyttleton.  5.  River  Thames.  6.  Tours  of  Dr.  Syn 
tax  in  Search  of  the  Picturesque,  <fcc.,  3  vols.  8vo,  coloured 
plates.  A  popular  work.  7.  The  English  Dance  of  Death. 
8.  The  Dance  of  Life.  9.  History  of  Johnny  Qute  Genus. 

Coombes,  W.  Trans,  of  C.  Brancadoro's  oration  at 
funeral  of  Pius  VI.,  Ac.,  1800. 

Cooper.     Poetical  Blossoms,  1793,  12mo. 

Cooper.     1.  Serm.     2.  Poem,  1796,  '97. 

Cooper,  A.     Complete  Distiller,  Lon.,  1757,  8vo. 

Cooper,  Alexander.  Essay  upon  the  Chronology 
of  the  World,  Edin.,  1722,  8vo.  " 

"It  is  not  a  book  which  will  satisfy  a  person  who  is  acquainted 
with  the  present  state  of  chronological  and  biblical  science;  but  it 
affords  evidence  that  the  author  studied  the  Scripture  and  the  his 
tory  of  the  world  very  closely;  and  was  desirous  of  promoting  the 
honour  of  the  sacred  volume."— Orme's  Bibl.  Bib. 

Cooper,  Andrew.     The  History  of  the  English  Civil 
Warrs ;  in  English  Verse,  Lon.,  1660,  8vo. 
"  Little  more  than  a  gazette  or  journal  of  passing  events,  in  halt- 

Cooper,  Anthony  Ashley,  first  Earl  of  Shaf tesbury, 


1621-1683,  a  distinguished  politician,  educated  at  Exeter 
College,  Oxford,  the  son  of  Sir  John  Cooper,  Baronet,  exer 
cised  a  commanding  influence  upon  the  events  of  his  time. 
His  intellectual  character  was  much  admired  by  John 
Locke,  who  is  supposed  to  have  been  indebted  for  tho 
groundwork  of  his  celebrated  essay  on  Toleration  to  an 
outline  drawn  up  by  his  lordship.  A  list  of  Speeches,  Ac. 
by  this  distinguished  nobleman  will  be  found  in  Park's 
Walpole's  R.  and  N.  Authors. 

"  He  canted  tyranny  under  Cromwell,  practised  it  under  Charles 
the  Second,  and  disgraced  the  cause  of  liberty  by  being  the  busiest 
instrument  for  it,  when  every  other  party  had  rejected  him." — 
HORACE  WALPOLE. 

"  For  close  designs  and  crooked  counsels  fit, 
Sagacious,  bold,  and  turbulent  of  wit : 
Restless,  unfixed  in  principles  and  place; 
In  pow'r  unpleas'd,  impatient  of  disgrace." 

Dry  den's  Absalom  and  Achitophel. 

But  after  this  satire  was  published,  his  lordship  nominated 
Dryden's  son  to  a  scholarship  in  the  Charter  House,  where 
upon  the  poet  thus  made  the  amende  honorable  for  his 
savage  assault.  He  tells  us  of  Lord  Chancellor  Shaftes- 
bury : 

"  In  Israel's  court  ne'er  sat  an  Abethdin 
With  more  discerning  eyes,  or  hands  more  clean: 
Unbrib'd,  unsought,  the  wretched  to  redress, 
Swift  of  despatch,  and  easy  of  access." 

"  Charles  the  Second  said  to  him  one  day,  '  Shaftesbury,  I  believe 
thou  art  the  wickedest  fellow  in  my  dominions.'  He  bowed,  and 
replied,  '  Of  a  subject,  sir,  I  believe  I  am.'  " 

'•  The  celebrated  Shaftesbury ;  of  powers  as  universal  as  his  am 
bition  was  unbounded ;  the  idol  of  the  rabble  at  Wapping ;  the  wit 
and  man  of  fashion  among  the  courtiers  at  Whitehall,  and  a  states 
man  in  the  House  of  Lords ;  whom  the  King,  after  listening  to  him 
in  a  debate,  pronounced  fit  to  teach  his  bishops  divinity,  and  his 
judges  law;  a  minister,  a  patriot,  a  chancellor, and  a  demagogue; 
in  whatever  direction  he  moved,  the  man  on  whom  all  eyes  were 
to  be  turned ;  to  whom  nothing  was  wanting  but  virtue." — Prof. 
Smyth's  Led,,  on  Mod.  Hist. 

A  Life  of  the  Earl,  by  G.  WIXGROVE  COOKE  (q.  v.)  was 
pub.  in  1836.  See  Biog.  Brit. ;  Burnet's  Own  Times ;  Athan. 
Oxon. 

Cooper,  Anthony  Ashley,  third  Earl  of  Shaftesbury, 
1671-1713,  grandson  of  the  above,  had  his  early  studies  in 
part  directed  by  John  Locke,  and  was  instructed  in  Latin 
and  Greek  by  a  lady  of  the  name  of  Birch,  who  spoke  these 
languages  with  ease  and  fluency.  Under  her  care  he  be 
came  no  contemptible  scholar  when  only  11  or  12  years  of 
age,  at  which  time  he  was  placed  at  Winchester  School. 
After  travelling  on  the  Continent,  he  entered  Parliament, 
and  his  remarkable  apology  for  a  speech  on  High  Treason 
is  still  celebrated.  In  1711  he  again  visited  the  Continent, 
and  died  at  Naples,  Feb.  4,  1713.  His  Letter  concerning 
Enthusiasm  appeared  in  1708.  The  Moralist,  a  Philoso 
phical  Rhapsody,  1709.  Sensus  Communis,  1710.  This 
is  "a  recital  of  certain  conversations  on  natural  and  moral 
subjects."  Soliloquy,  or  Advice  to  an  Author,  1710.  Let 
ters  written  by  a  Noble  Lord  to  a  Young  Man  at  the  Uni 
versity,  1716.  Letters  to  Robert  Molesworth,  Esq.,  1716. 
Judgment  of  Hercules.  Letter  concerning  Design.  But 
his  most  celebrated  work  was  his  Characteristics  of  Men, 
Matters,  Opinions,  and  Times,  1711-23,  3  vols.  8vo,  and  in 
1732.  Many  sentiments  in  the  Characteristics  are  consi 
dered  as  unfavourable  to  Christianity. 

"  Mr.  Pope  told  me,  that,  to  his  knowledge,  the  characteristics 
had  done  more  harm  to  Revealed  Religion  in  England  than  all  the 
works  on  Infidelity  put  together." — BISHOP  WARBURTON. 

This  would  seem  to  prove  that  his  lordship  found  many 
readers  of  as  shallow  perceptions  as  his  own.  His  Inquiry 
concerning  Virtue  is  highly  commended  by  Sir  James 
Mackintosh,  who  does  not  admire  his  ordinary  style: 

"  Grace  belongs  only  to  natural  movements ;  and  Lord  Shaftes 
bury,  notwithstanding  the  frequent  beauty  of  his  thoughts  and 
language,  has  rarely  attained  it.  ...  He  had  great  power  of  thought 
and  command  over  words.  But  he  had  no  talent  for  inventing 
character,  and  bestowing  life  on  it.  The  Inquiry  coneernino-  Vir 
tue  is  nearly  exempt  from  the  faulty  peculiarities  of  the  author- 
the  method  is  perfect,  the  reasoning  just,  the  style  precise  and 
clear."— Prelim.  Divert,  to  Encyc.  Brit. 

Blair  takes  him.  to  task  for  want  of  simplicity  and  ease: 

"His  lordship  can  express  nothing  with  simplicity.  He  seems 
to  have  considered  it  as  vulgar,  and  beneath  the  dignity  of  a  man 
of  quality  to  speak  like  other  men.  Hence  he  is  ever  in  buskins ; 
full  of  circumlocutions  and  artificial  elegance.  In  every  sentence 
we  see  the  marks  of  labour  and  art;  nothing  of  that  ease  which 
expresses  a  sentiment  coming  natural  and  warm  from  the  heart. 
>1  figures  and  ornament  of  every  kind  he  is  exceedingly  fond,— 
sometimes  happy  in  them ;  but  his  fondness  for  them  is  too  visible ; 
and  having  once  laid  hold  of  some  metaphor  or  allusion  that  pleases 
him,  he  knows  not  how  to  part  with  it."— Lectures  on  Rhetoric  and 
Belles-Lettres. 

His  great  admirer,  Horace  Walpole,  cannot  brook  his 
oratorical  flourishes  : 

"His  writings  are  much  more  estimable  for  the  virtues  of  his 
mind  than  for  their  style  and  manner.  He  delivers  his  doctrines 

423 


coo 


coo 


in  ecstatic  diction,  like  one  of  the  Magi  inculcating  philosophic 
visions  to  an  Eastern  auditory."  —  R.  and  N.  Authors. 

Bishop  Warburton  is  for  a  time  uncommonly  gracious, 
though  afterwards  not  so  courteous  : 

"  The  noble  author  of  the  Characteristics  had  many  excellent 
qualities,  both  as  a  man  and  a  writer.  He  was  temperate,  chaste, 
honest,  and  a  lover  of  his  country.  In  his  writings  he  has  shown 
how  much  he  has  imbibed  the  deep  sense,  and  how  generally  he 
could  copy  the  gracious  manner,  of  Plato."  —  Ded.  to  The  Free, 
Thinkers,  prefixed  to  the  Divine  Legation. 

Cooper,  Anthony  Ashley,  fourth  Earl  of  Shaftes- 
bury,  only  son  of  the  preceding,  wrote  a  life  of  his  father 
for  the  General  Biog.  Dictionary;  see  vol.  ix.  179,  1739. 
He  seems  to  have  been  a  much  wiser  man  than  his  father, 
for  we  a,re  told  that 

"  There  never  existed  a  man  of  more  benevolence,  moral  worth, 
and  true  piety."  —  BISHOP  HCNTINGFORD. 

We  must  say  that  we  prefer  his  Characteristics  to  his 
father's.  Maurice  Ashley  Cooper,  brother  to  the  third  Earl, 
added  to  the  literary  honours  of  the  family  by  a  trans,  of 
Xenophon's  Cyropedia. 

Cooper,  Sir  Astley  Paston,  Bart.,  1768-1841,  son 
of  the  Rev.  Dr.  Cooper,  Rector  of  Yelverton  and  Morley, 
Norfolk,  studied  surgery  under  his  uncle,  William  Cooper, 
surgeon  to  Guy's  Hospital,  and  the  celebrated  Mr.  Cline. 
The  latter  assigned  him  a  share  in  his  anatomical  lectures, 
and  Mr.  Cooper's  class  rapidly  increased  from  50  to  400 
students,  the  largest  class  ever  known  in  London.  In  1792 
he  visited  Paris,  and  attended  the  lectures  of  Desault  at 
the  Hotel  Dieu,  and  those  of  Chopart.  Returning  to  Lon 
don,  he  resided  alternately  in  Jeffrey-  Square,  New  Broad- 
Street,  and  New-Street,  Spring  Gardens.  His  practice  was 
very  large,  and  in  1822  he  realized  the  largest  sum  ever  re 
ceived  by  a  medical  practitioner  —  £22,  000.  For  some  years 
his  receipts  averaged  £18,000  to  £20,000.  He  was  made 
a  baronet  at  the  coronation  of  George  IV.,  in  1821.  The 
Anatomy  and  Surgical  Treatment  of  Inguinal  and  Conge 
nital  Hernia,  Lon.,  1804,  fol.  Crural  and  Umbilical  Her 
nia,  1807,  fol.  Con.  to  Phil.  Trans.,  1800;  to  Med.  Chir. 
Trans.,  1809,  '11,  '13.  Surgical  Essays,  by  Sir  A.  P.  C. 
and  B.  Travers.  Part  1,  1818.  Principles  and  Practice  of 
Surgery,  ed.  by  F.  Tyrrell,  1824,  '25,  '27,  3  vols.  8vo  ;  ed. 
by  Dr.  Alex.  Lee,  Lon.,  1836-41,  3  vols.  8vo.  The  Anato 
my  and  Diseases  of  the  Breast,  1840,  4to.  The  Testis  and 
the  Thymus  Gland  ;  2d  ed.,  ed.  by  Bransby  B.  Cooper,  1841, 
r.  4to.  Dislocations  and  Fractures  of  the  Joints  ;  ed.  by 
B.  B  Cooper,  1842,  8vo.  Amer.  edit.,  with  addit.  observa 
tions  by  Prof.  J.  C.  Warren,  Phila.,  8vo.  Sir  Astley  left 
addits.  in  MS.  for  this  new  edition.  Anatomy  and  Surgi 
cal  Treatment  of  Hernia;  new  edit.,  Lon.,  1844,  imp.  8vo. 
The  original  edit,  is  entirely  out  of  print.  Life  of  Sir 
Astley  P.  Cooper,  Bart,  interspersed  with  sketches  of  dis 
tinguished  characters,  by  [his  nephew]  B.  B.  Cooper,  1843, 
2  vols.  8vo. 

"  Sir  Astley  was  principally  distinguished  as  a  bold  operator,  a 
decided  practitioner,  and  as  a  most  industrious  and  popular  teacher. 
Perhaps  no  man  ever  taught  any  branch  of  medicine  who  possessed 
more  of  this  element  of  great  success.  His  manners  were  of  the 
most  engaging  kind,  while  his  attention,  urbanity,  and  regard  for 
his  pupils,  were  of  the  most  exemplary  character."  —  ROBERT  DON- 
DAS  THOMSON,  M.D. 

Although  a  bold  operator,  as  Dr.  Thomson  remarks,  Sir 
Astley  seems  to  have  been  a  very  graceful  one.  Mr.  Petti- 
grew  tells  us  : 

*'  The  light  and  elegant  manner  in  which  Sir.  Astley  employed 
his  various  instruments  always  astonished  me,  and  I  could  not 
refrain  from  making  some  remarks  upon  it  to  my  late  master,  Mr. 
Chandler,  one  of  the  surgeons  to  St.  Thomas's  Hospital.  I  ob 
served  to  him  that  Sir  Astley's  operations  appeared  like  the  grace 
ful  efforts  of  an  artist  in  making  a  drawing.  Mr.  C.  replied,  '  Sir, 
It  is  of  no  consequence  what  instrument  Mr.  Cooper  uses  :  they  are 
S*v*  to  bira  '  and  T  verily  believe,  he  could  operate  as  easily 
nth  an  oyster-knife,  as  the  best  bit  of  cutlery  in  Laundy's  shop.'  " 

On  one  occasion  Sir  Astley  had  a  patient  from  the 
West  Indies  named  Hyatt,  who  was  a  rather  eccentric 
character,  as  the  following  anecdote  testifies.  After  a 
skilful  operation  by  the  surgeon,  he  desired  to  know  the 
amount  of  his  debt. 

<uiDeas»'  repHed  Astley.    'Pooh, 


thing  from  you 


ble,'  and  he  put  the  cap  in 
f°Und  ^  "ontain 


We  doubt  not  that  the  respected  professors  of  the  heal 
ing  art  would  all  be  quite  willing  to  prescribe  "West  In 
dia  Night-Caps"  to  their  patients. 

Cooper,  Bransby  B.,  Senior  surgeon  to  Guy's  Hos 
pital,  Ac.,  nephew  to  the  preceding.  Lectures  on  Anato 
my,  Lon.,  1835,  4  vols.  r.  8vo.  Treatise  on  Ligaments 
4th  ed.,  1836,  4to.  Lectures  on  Osteology,  1844,  Svo! 

424 


Surgical  Essays,  1843,  r.  8vo.     Lectures  on  the  Principles 
and  Practice  of  Surgery,  1851,  r.  8vo. 

"  For  twenty-five  years  Mr.  Brausby  Cooper  has  been  surgeon  to 
Guy's  Hospital ;  and  the  volume  before  us  may  be  said  to  consist 
of  an  account  of  the  results  of  his  surgical  experience  during  that 
long  period.  We  cordially  recommend  Mr.  Bransby  Cooper's  Lec 
tures  as  a  most  valuable  addition  to  our  surgical  "literature,  and 
one  which  cannot  fail  to  be  of  service  both  to  students  and  to  those 
who  are  actively  engaged  in  the  practice  of  their  profession."— 
Lon.  Lancet. 

Mr.  B.  B.  Cooper  has  also  edited  some  of  his  uncle's 
works,  and  favoured  the  public  with  an  account  of  his  life 

Cooper,  C.  Grammatica  Linguae  Anglicanse,  Lon. 
1685,  Svo. 

Cooper,  C.  Municipal  Corporations  in  England  and 
Wales,  Lon.,  1835,  12ino. 

Cooper,  Rev.  Charles  D.    See  OXENDEN,  ASHTON. 

Cooper,  Charles  Purton,  Doctor  of  Laws  of  the  R. 
Catholic  University  of  Louvain,  and  one  of  her  majesty's 
counsel.  Legal  and  Ecclesiastical  Publications,  1828-51. 
See  Marvin's  Legal  Bibl.,  and  Darling's  Cyc.  Brit. 

Cooper,  Chris.     Heresy  Unmasked,  Lon.,  Svo. 

Cooper,  E.  Poesy,  1761,  Svo.   Elbow  Chair,  1765,  Svo. 

Cooper,  Edward.     Abridgt.  of  Anatomy,  Lon.,  fol. 

Cooper,  Edward,  d.  1833,  Rector  of  Yoxhall,  1809. 
Pract.  and  Famil.  Serins.,  7  vols.  12mo.  V.  Y.,  many  edits. 
Serms.,  6th  ed.,  2  vols.  1819. 

"  Sound  in  his  doctrine,  judicious  in  his  arrangement,  simple 
and  unaffected  in  his  language,  animated  yet  correct  in  his  man 
ner,  he  generally  pleases  and  edifies  his  reader." — Lon.  Christian 
Observer. 

"  Plain,  sound,  and  useful." — BICKERSTETH. 

The  Crisis;  Prophecy,  and  Signs  of  the  Times,  1825,  Svo. 

"A  practical  and  edifying  work,  though  serious  doubts  may  be 
entertained  of  the  justness  of  the  interpretation  of  the  particular 
prophecy." — BICKERSTETH. 

Cooper,  Elizabeth.  The  Muses'  Library,  or  a  Se 
ries  of  English  Poetry  from  the  Saxons  to  the  Reign  of 
Charles  II.,  1737,  '38,  '41,  but  all  the  same  edit.  It  is  a 
collection  of  much  merit,  and  can  be  had  for  a  few  shillings. 

Mrs.  C.  had  the  valuable  assistance  of  Oldys. 

Cooper,  George.  1.  Letters  on  the  Irish  Nation, 
1800,  Svo. 

"  Manners,  national  character,  government,  religion,  principally ; 
with  notices  on  agriculture,  commerce,  &c." — Stevenson's  Voyages 
and  Travels. 

2.  Treatise  of  Pleading  on  the  Equity  Side  of  the  High 
Court  of  Chancery,  Lon.,  1809,  '13,  Svo.  This  work  is 
founded  upon  Mitford  on  Equity  Pleading.  3.  Reports  of 
Cases  in  H.  C.  of  C.  in  Lord  Eldon's  time,  Lon.,  1815;  N. 
York,  1824,  Svo. 

Cooper,  George.  1.  Designs  for  the  Decoration  of 
Rooms,  Lon.,  1807,  fol.  2.  Architectural  Reliques  of  Great 
Britain;  part  1st,  1807,  4to. 

Cooper,  George.     Domestic  Brewer,  1811,  12mo. 

Cooper,  Sir  Grey.  Duke  and  Duchess  of  Athol; 
Proceedings  in  H.  of  C.  rel.  to  the  Isle  of  Man,  1769,  Svo. 

Cooper,  Henry  Fox.     Poem,  1805,  12mo. 

Cooper,  James.     Vaccination  Vindicated,  1811,  Svo. 

Cooper,  James.     Serms.,  Lon.,  1840,  12mo. 

Cooper,  James  Fenimore,  1789-1851,  a  distin 
guished  American  author,  was  a  son  of  Judge  William 
Cooper,  a  native  of  Pennsylvania,  whose  ancestors  had 
been  settled  in  the  United  States  since  1679.  The  subject 
of  our  notice  was  born  at  Burlington,  New  Jersey,  on  the 
15th  of  September.  He  entered  Yale  College  in  1802,  and 
for  the  three  years  of  his  residence  there  applied  himself 
diligently  to  his  studies.  In  1805  he  obtained  a  midship 
man's  warrant  in  the  U.  S.  Navy,  and  followed  the  life  of 
a  sailor  for  six  years.  How  apt  a  scholar  he  became  in 
this  arduous  school  may  be  judged  from  the  technical  accu 
racy  which  distinguishes  his  marine  sketches.  In  1811 
he  resigned  from  the  navy,  and  was  married  to  Miss  Do 
Lancey,  a  sister  of  the  estimable  Bishop  De  Lancey  of 
Western  New  York.  Mr.  Cooper's  first  volume  was  en 
titled  Precaution,  a  novel  of  the  English  "fashionable 
society"  school,  with  few  indications  of  the  remarkable 
powers  of  description  and  eloquence  of  narration  which  its 
successors  evinced.  He  next  pub.  The  Spy,  a  tale  of  the 
Neutral  Ground,  founded  upon  incidents  connected  with 
the  American  Revolution.  The  theme  was  one  too  closely 
connected  with  the  sympathies  of  his  countrymen  to  appeal 
in  vain  to  their  attention.  The  critic  of  the  leading  pe 
riodical  of  the  country,  in  a  review  not  in  all  respects  the 
most  flattering  to  the  young  author,  compliments  him 

"For  having  demonstrated  so  entirely  to  our  satisfaction,  that 
an  admirable  topic  for  the  romantic  historian  has  grown  out  of  the 
American  Revolution.  ...  He  has  the  high  praise,  and  will  have, 
we  may  add,  the  future  glory,  of  having  struck  into  a  new  path— 
of  having  opened  a  mine  of  exhaustlcss  wealth — in  a  word,  he  has 
laid  the  foundations  of  American  romance,  and  is  really  the  first 


coo 

who  has  deserved  the  appellation  of  a  distinguished  American 
novel  writer."— JV.  American  Review,  xv.  281. 

The  popularity  of  The  Spy  was  not  confined  to  Ame 
rica.  It  was  soon  republished  in  many  parts  of  Europe, 
and  the  reputation  of  the  author  was  confirmed  abroad  as 
well  as  at  home  by  the  appearance  of  The  Pioneers  and  The 
Pilot  in  1823,  and  the  Last  of  the  Mohicans  in  1826.  Be 
tween  the  two  last  works  was  pub.  a  novel  (Lionel  Lincoln) 
founded  upon  the  early  revolutionary  troubles  in  America, 
which  never  succeeded  in  gaining  the  popular  favour. 

About  1827  Mr.  Cooper  visited  Europe,  and  whilst  abroad, 
gave  to  the  world  a  succession  of  works  of  various  grades 
of  merit,  of  which  a  critical  examination  will  not  be  ex 
pected  in  the  limited  space  to  which  we  are  confined. 
The  first  of  the  works  pub.  in  Europe  was  The  Prairie, 
one  of  the  very  best  of  his  productions — which  was  suc 
ceeded  by  The  Red  Rover,  The  Wept  of  Wish-ton-Wish, 
The  Water-Witch,  The  Bravo,  The  Heidenmauer,  and  The 
Headsman  of  Berne.  He  also  pub.  a  vindication  of  the 
land  of  his  birth  from  many  current  misrepresentations : 
doubtless  the  Notions  of  the  Americans  did  much  to  cor 
rect  error  and  abate  prejudices  among  candid  foreigners. 

But  if  Mr.  Cooper  was  ready  to  defend  his  country  when 
unjustly  criticized,  he  was  quite  as  willing  to  censure  those 
faults  to  which  he  perceived  a  growing  proclivity  among 
some  of  her  most  prominent  sons.  We  have  no  disposition 
to  dwell  upon  family  quarrels,  and  if  we  enumerate  The 
Letter  to  his  Countrymen,  and  The  Monikins,  a  political 
satire,  among  Mr.  Cooper's  works,  it  is  with  no  desire  to 
revive  controversy,  but  only  to  act  the  part  of  a  faithful 
chronicler.  To  the  last-named  work  succeeded  the  Glean 
ings  in  Europe:  the  Sketches  of  Switzerland,  and  the 
works  on  France,  Italy,  and  England,  the  series  compris 
ing  10  volumes,  excited  much  attention  both  at  home  and 
abroad.  England,  with  Sketches  of  Society  in  the  Metro 
polis,  aroused  in  no  small  degree  the  ire  of  the  London 
Quarterly  Reviewer,  who  declares,  not  in  the  most  cour 
teous  style  imaginable,  that 

"So  ill-written  — ill-informed  — ill-bred— ill-tempered,  and  ill- 
mannered  a  production  it  has  never  yet  been  our  fortune  to  meet. 
. .  .  We  must  say  in  justice  to  every  thing  American  that  we  have 
happened  to  meet,  either  in  literature  or  in  society,  that  we  never 
met  such  a  phenomenon  of  vanity,  folly,  and  fable*  as  this  book 
exhibits — we  say  fable,  because  (whatever  may  be  Mr.  Cooper's  in 
tentions)  his  ignorance  and  presumption  betray  him  at  every  mo 
ment  into  misstatements  so  gross,  and  sometimes  so  elaborate,  as 
to  have  all  the  appearance  and  effect  of  absolute  falsehood." 

The  critic  indignantly  denies  Mr.  Cooper's  assertion  that 
"  the  Quarterly  Review  was  the  organ  of  a  national  anti 
pathy  to  America."  It  is  hardly  worth  while  to  linger 
over  such  civilities,  and  we  proceed  to  notice  Mr.  Cooper's 
other  productions. 

The  American  Democrat,  or  Hints  on  the  Social  and 
Civil  Relations  of  the  United  States,  appeared  in  1835. 
Three  years  later  Mr.  Cooper  gave  to  the  world  a  work  of 
a  more  elaborate  character  than  its  predecessors.  This 
was  a  History  of  the  Navy  of  the  United  States,  Phila. 
1839;  2d  ed.,  Phila.,  1840,-  3d  ed.,  Cooperstown,  1846 
reprinted  in  London,  Paris,  and  Brussels.  A  new  ed.,  with 
a  continuation,  1815-53,  in  a  supplement  of  100  pages 
from  Mr.  Cooper's  MSS.  and  other  authorities,  was  pub 
in  1853. 

"The  work  of  an  unsurpassed  writer;  it  is  so  full  of  interest 
and  so  abounds  in  the  most  vivid  illustrations  of  American  pa 
triotism,  enterprise,  and  courage,  that  it  cannot  be  too  widely  circu 
lated." — GEORGE  BANCROFT. 

"  Mr.  Cooper  appears  to  be  fair,  and  unwarped  by  national  preju 
dice  in  these  records." — L<m.  Literary  Gazette. 

"We  have  perused  this  history  with  no  little  curiosity  and  with 
great  interest." — British  Naval  and  Military  Magazine. 

"  These  volumes  are  filled  with  the  graphic  records  of  darinj 
adventure,  and  contain,  in  their  narration  of  mere  facts,  a  treasur 
to  the  lovers  of  sea-romance.  The  name  of  Somers  is  a  househoh 
word  in  America;  and  the  desperate  enterprise  in  which  he  am 
his  companions  perished,  is  narrated  in  this  work  with  an  extra 
ordinary  effect." — Lon.  Athenceum. 

"This  is  a  very  valuable  addition  to  naval  history.    Mr.  Coope 
has  used  a  commendable  diligence  in  searching  out  whatever  feet 
the  early  history  of  America  affords,  illustrative  of  the  origin  an 
growth  of  her  national  navy,  and  has  dressed  them  out  in  a  form 
as  attractive  as  possible." — N.  Amer.  Review. 

Commendation,  however,  was  not  the  only  response  wit 
which  the  labours  of  the  author  were  greeted.  The  ac 
count  of  the  Battle  of  Lake  Erie  was  not  suffered  to  escap 
without  an  earnest  protest  from  several  critics ;  and  Mr.  C 
felt  called  upon  to  notice  these  strictures,  in  a  volume  pub 
in  1842,  entitled  The  Battle  of  Lake  Erie,  or  answers  t 
Messrs.  Burgess,  Duer,  and  Mackenzie.  A  fitting  compa 
nion  to  his  history  is  the  author's  Lives  of  American  Nava 
Officers,  in  2  vols.  The  novels  of  Homeward  Bound  an 
Home  as  Found  also  excited  no  little  animadversion — th 
charge  of  misrepresentation  being  warmly  urged  again  s 


COO 

le  author.     To  these  succeeded  The  Pathfinder,  Mercedes 
f  Castile,  The  Deer-Slayer,  The  Two  Admirals,  Wing  and 
ing,  or  Le  Feu  Follet,  Wyandotte,  or  the  Hutted  Knoll, 
he  Autobiography  of  a  Pocket  Handkerchief,  Ned  Myers, 
Ashore  and  Afloat,  Miles   Wallingford,  The   Little-page 
cries,  including,  1.  Satanstoe,  1845,  2.  Chainbearer,  1845, 
.  The  Red  Skins,  1846.     Among  the  last  of  his  pub- 
Ications  were  the  Islets  of  the  Gulf,  pub.  in  Graham's 
Magazine,  1846,  and  the  Ways  of  the  Hour,  pub.  in  1850. 
\.  complete  edition,  carefully  revised,  of  the  works  of  Mr. 
Cooper,  in  34  vols.,  was,  very  opportunely,  published  in 
855  by  Messrs.  Stringer  &  Townsend,  of  New  York.     An 
nteresting  sketch  of  the  literary  history  of  the  great  Ame- 
ican  novelist,  to  which  we  have  been  indebted  for  some 
f  the  above  facts,  will  be  found  in  R.  W.  Griswold's  Prose 
Vriters  of  America.   W©  have  lying  before  us  many  critical 
jpinions  from  high  literary  authorities,  upon  the  merits  and 
demerits  of  Mr.  Cooper's  productions.    Our  space,  however, 
estricts  us  to  a  few  extracts.  Indeed,  works  which  have  been 
.ranslated  into  so  many  languages,  and  are  in  continual 
demand  with  each  new  generation  of  readers,  are  them- 
,elves  the  best  evidence  of  their  author's  tact  in  the  se- 
ection,  and  ability  in  the  treatment,  of  the  subjects  upon 
which  he  employed  his  pen.     It  is  but  a  slight  deduction 
roin  the  merits  of  so  excellent  a  writer,  to  wish  that  upon 
some  subjects  he  had  written  less,  and  upon  others  not  at 
all.    But  it  ill  becomes  those  who  share  in  the  glory  which 
he  lustre  of  his  name  has  shed  upon  the  literary  annals  of 
his  country,  to  quarrel  with  those  eccentricities  from  which 
genius  is  but  rarely  free,  and  those  occasional  ebullitions 
hich  are  the  more  remarked  on  account  of  the  prominent 
position  of  the  offender.     Nothing  is  more  easy  than  the 
sondemnation  with  which  the  indifferent  spectator  visits 
;he  heated  controversialist,  and  nothing  more  common  than 
;he  transformation  which  makes  him  liable  to  his  own  cen 
sure.     The  proper  inference  to  be  drawn  hence  is,  not  that 
Truth  should  remain  silent,  and  permit  transgression  to 
pass  unrebuked,  but  rather  that  Charity  should  be  ever  at 
icr  side  as  a  remembrancer  of  human  infirmity,  and  man's 
many  provocations  and  sore  trials. 

But  we  are  occupying  with  our  reflections  the  space 
which  should  be  allotted  to  those  who  have  better  claims 
to  be  heard  : 

"  The  same  sort  of  magical  authority  over  the  spirit  of  romance, 
which  belongs  in  common  to  Scott,  Radcliffe,  Walpole,  and  our 
countryman,  Brown,  is,  for  us,  at  least,  possessed  by  this  writer  in 
an  eminent  degree.  Places,  for  example,  familiar  to  us  from  our 
boyhood,  and  which  are  now  daily  before  our  eyes,  thronged  with 
the  vulgar  associations  of  real  life,  are  boldly  seized  upon  for  scenes 
of  the  wildest  romance;  and  yet  our  imagination  does  not  revolt 
at  the  incongruity.  .  .  .  This  seems  to  us  no  inconsiderable  proof 
of  the  power  of  the  writer  over  us  and  his  subject."— iV.  A,  Review, 
xxiii.  152. 

The  critic,  however,  charges  the  author  with  many  grave 
faults  and  signal  failures  in  the  delineation  of  character 
and  manners;  and  it  is  somewhat  remarkable  that  some  of 
the  most  prominent  critics  among  Mr.  Cooper's  own  coun 
trymen  seem  from  the  first  to  have  been  utterly  unable  to 
discover  in  our  author  those  merits  which  have  been  so 
lavishly  ascribed  to  him  by  others.  There  are  occasionally, 
indeed,  words  of  commendation,  but  they  are  scarcely  dis 
cernible  amidst  pages  of  broad  and  unsparing  censure. 
Whether  just  or  otherwise  in  these  abundant  strictures,  it 
is  not  in  our  province  to  determine.  Certain  it  is,  that  if 
the  author  of  The  Spy  and  the  Pilot  could  in  his  latter 
years  claim  to  have  been  among  the  most  voluminous 
writers  of  his  day,  the  critics  are  not  chargeable  with  the 
birth  .of  so  numerous  a  literary  progeny.  In  his  earlier 
days  he  received,  indeed,  many  invitations  to  continue  his 
walks  in  the  realm  of  Romance,  but  the  awkwardly-affected 
courtesy  scarcely  concealed  the  intentions  of  the  lion  which 
would  persuade  the  lamb  to  leave  the  fold  for  the  benefit 
of  a  summer  day's  excursion. 

Abroad,  the  great  American  novelist  has  not  escaped 
censure — we  have  already  quoted  something  that  can 
hardly  be  called  compliment  from  the  Quarterly  Reviewers ; 
but  his  distinguishing  merits  have  been  frankly  acknow 
ledged.  Victor  Hugo  goes  much  further  than  Cooper's 
intelligent  countrymen  are  willing  to  follow,  when  he 
places  the  author  of  The  Spy  above  the  "  Wizard  of  the 
North." 

A  more  discriminating  English  critic  has  recorded  his 
judgment,  that 

"  The  power  with  which  the  scenes  on  the  waste  of  waters  are 
depicted,  and  the  living  interest  with  which  Cooper  invests  every 
particle  of  a  ship,  as  if  it  were  all  an  intelligent  being,  cannot  be 
excelled,  and  has  never  been  reached  by  any  author  with  whom 
we  are  acquainted.  For  these  qualities  his  novels  will  live  with  the 
language,  for  we  may  look  in  vain  elsewhere  for  pictures  so  vivid, 
so  faithful,  and  so  intelligible." 


coo 

Lectures  on  the  Elements  of  Political  Economy,  Colum 
bia,  2d  ed.,  1829,  8vo. 

"  This  work,  though  not  written  in  a  very  philosophical  spirit, 
is  the  best  of  the  American  works  on  political  economy  that  we 
have  ever  met  with."— McCcLLOCH  :  Lit.  of  Polit.  Economy. 

Dr.  Cooper's  infirmities  obliged  him  to  resign  the  presi 
dency  of  Columbia  College,  and  he  devoted  his  last  years, 
in  conjunction  with  Mr.  D.  McCord,  to  a  revision  of  the 
statutes  of  South  Carolina.  These  were  pub.  in  10  vols. 
8vo,  Columbia,  1836-41.  Besides  the  works  mentioned, 
Dr.  Cooper  pub.  the  Emporium  of  Arts,  trans,  from  the 
French,  and  many  pamphlets  on  politics,  physics,  and 
theology.  Few  men  have  led  so  active  a  life,  and  still 
fewer  have  exhibited  so  great  a  variety  of  talents. 

Cooper,  Thomas,  the  Chartist.  The  Baron  s  Yule 
Feast:  a  Christmas  Rhyme,  Lon.,  1846,  12mo.  The  Pur 
gatory  of  Suicides,-  a  Prison  Rhyme,  3d  ed.,  1853,  12mo. 
Wise  Saws  and  Modern  Instances  :  a  Series  of  Short  Tales, 
1845,  2  vols.  p.  8vo.  Two  Orations  against  Taking  away 
Human  Life,  p.  8vo. 

"  Mr.  Cooper's  style  is  intensely  clear  and  forcible,  and  displays 
great  earnestness  and  fine  human  sympathy ;  it  is  in  the  highest 
degree  manly,  plain,  and  vigorous." — Lon.  Morn.  Advertiser. 

Cooper,  W.  White.  Invalid's  Guide  to  Madeira, 
Lon.,  1840,  12mo.  On  Near  Sight,  Aged  Sight,  and  Im 
paired  Vision,  1846,  p.  8vo. 

"Truly  practical,  and  consequently  truly  valuable,  we  recom 
mend  this  volume  to  all  eyes." — Lon.  Literary  Gazette. 

Cooper,  William,  Bishop  of  Galloway.    Dikaiologi; 
containing  a  just  defence  of  his  former  apology  against 
David  Hume,  Lon.,  1614,  4to. 
Cooper,  William.     Serm.,  Lon.,  1649,  4to. 
Cooper,  William.     Serms.,  Lon.,  1663,  '76,  '77. 
Cooper,  William.     Catalogue  of  Chymicall  Books, 
Lon.,  1675,  12mo.     Other  publications. 

Cooper,  William,  D.D.,  Archbishop  of  York.  Serms., 
Ac.,  1763-79.  Discourses,  1786,  2  vols.  8vo.  Address,  1788. 
Phil.  Trans.,  1784;  of  a  remarkable  meteor. 

Cooper,  William,  d.  1743,  aged  49,  a  minister  of 
Boston,  Massachusetts,  was  in  1737  elected  President  of 
Harvard  College,  but  declined  the  trust.  He  pub.  a  number 
of  serms.,  1714-41.  The  Doctrine  of  Predestination  unto 
Life  explained  and  vindicated  in  4  serms.,  1741 ;  and  Lon., 
1765,  12mo. 

"  A  candid  and  practical  view  of  this  doctrine."— BICKERSTETH. 
Cooper,  William,  D.D.,  Archdeacon  of  York.    Dis 
courses,  Lon.,  1795,  2  vols.  8vo. 

Cooper,  William,  M.D.  Med.  Obs.  and  Inq.,  1770. 
Phil.  Trans.,  1775. 

Coore,  Richard,  D.D.,  d.  1687.  Practical  Exposi 
tion  of  the  more  difficult  Texts  that  are  contained  in  the 
Holy  Bible,  Lon.,  1683,  8vo. 

"  The  dreams  in  Daniel  and  the  visions  of  all  the  Prophets,  and 
the  two  mystical  books  of  the  Canticles  and  the  Revelation  are  all 
clearly  opened." — Author's  Pref. 

Coortresse,  Richard,  Bishop  of  Chichester.  A 
Serm.  before  the  Queene's  Majestic,  Lon.,  1573,  8vo. 

Coote,  Charles,  LL.D.,  of  Pembroke  College,  Oxford. 
Graii  Elegaia,  <fcc.,  Lon.,  1794,  4to.  Hist,  of  England  to 
1783, 1791-98,  9  vols.  8vo.  Cont.  of  the  Peace  of  Amiens, 
1803,  8vo.  English  Grammar,  and  a  hist,  of  the  language, 
1788,  8vo.  Life  of  Caesar,  1802,  8vo.  Hist,  of  the  Union, 
1802,  8vo.  Hist,  of  Modern  Europe,  1810 ;  continued  to 
1815,  1517,  8vo.  Mosheim's  Eccl.  Hist,  by  Maclaine, 
brought  down  to  the  18th  century,  1811,  6  vols.  8vo.  Hist, 
of  Ancient  Europe,  1815,  3  vols.  8vo.  This  was  intended 
to  accompany  Dr.  Wm.  Russell's  Hist,  of  Modern  Europe, 
Lon.,  1779,  2  vols.  8vo. 

Coote,  Sir  Charles,  Earl  of  Montrath,  Governor  of 
Dublin,  d.  1661.  Declarations,  Dubl.,  1659 ;  Lon.,  1660, 
4to.  His  Victory,  Lon.,  1649,  4to.  Transactions  with  0. 
R.  O'Neal,  Lon.,  1649,  4to. 

Coote,  Chilly.     Ireland's  Lamentations,  Lon.,  1664. 
Coote,  Edward.     English  Schoolmaster,  Lon.,  1627. 
Coote,  H.  J.     The  Homologies  of  the  Human  Skele 
ton,  Lon.,  1849,  8vo. 

Coote,  J.  Memoir  of  Princess  Charlotte,  etc.,  1818,8vo. 

Coote,  R.  H.     An  Analysis,  arranged  to  serve  also 

as  a  compendious  digested  Index  to  Mr.  Fearne's  Essay  on 

Contingent  Remainders  and  Executory  Devises,  and  of 

Mr.  Butler's  Notes,  Lon.,  1814,  8vo. 

"  Every  topic  to  be  found  in  the  text  and  notes  is  concisely 
abridged  by  Mr.  Coote,  and  the  whole  is  alphabetically  arranged 
This  small  volume  should  ever  be  in  view  whilst  the  student  is 
engaged  with  the  great  original."— Hoffman's  Legol  Study,  241. 

Treatise  on  the  Law  of  Landlord  and  Tenant,  Lon.,  1840 
8vo.  Treatise  on  the  Law  of  Mortgage,  with  an  Appendix 
of  Precedents,  Lon.,  1822,  8vo.  The  3d  ed.  of  this  valuable 
work,  by  the  original  author  and  Richard  Coote,  Esq.,  was 


COP 

pub.  Lon.,  1850,  r.  8vo.  An  American  ed.  (the  third) 
founded  on  the  3d  Lon.  ed.,  is  now  (1858)  in  the  press  of 
;he  enterprising  and  well-known  publishers,  T.  and  J.  W. 
Johnson,  of  Philadelphia.  It  is  edited  by  Judge  Sharswood, 
whose  name  is  sufficiently  known  to  the  profession  to  render 
any  comments  useless.  The  Practice  of  the  Ecclesiastical 
ourts,  with  Forms  and  Tables  of  Costs,  Lon.,  1846,  8vo. 
"  Ecclesiastical  Practice  is  now  for  the  first  time  made  the  subject 
of  a  formal  and  elaborate  treatise,  and  it  has  remained  for  Mr.  Coote, 
by  a  combination  of  industry  and  experience,  to  give  to  the  pro 
fession  a  work  which  has  long  been  wanted,  but  which  so  few  are 
competent  to  supply." — Lon.  Law  Times. 

Coote,  Richard,  Earl  of  Bellamont.  Articles  of 
agreement  between  him,  R.  Livingston,  and  Capt.  W.  M. 
Kidd,  fol. 

Coote, Hon. Robt.  Compleat Marksman ;  Poem,1755. 
Cope.     Hist,  of  the  East  Indies,  Lon.,  1754,  8vo. 
Cope,  Alan,  an  English  R.  Catholic,  d.  about  1580. 
Historia  Evangelicae  veritas,  Lon.,  1572;  Doway,  1603, 4to. 
This  is  a  kind  of  Harmony  of  the  Gospels,  or  rather  a  digest 
of  the  Life  of  Christ,  in  the  words  of  the  Evangelists.  .  .  .  Crow 
speaks  of  Cope  as  'eximii  ingenii  vir." — ORME:  Bibl.  Bib. 

Cope  also  pub.  Dialogi  sex  contra  Summi  Pontificatus 
Monastics  Vitae,  &c.,  Antw.,  1566,  4to.  This  work  was 
written  by  Nic.  Harpesfield. 

"Which  book  being  put  into  the  hands  of  his  friend  Alan  Cope, 
he  put  it  out  under  his  name,  lest  danger  should  befall  the  author 
in  person." — Athen.  Oxon. 

Cope,  Sir  Anthony.  Historic  of  Anniball  and  Sci- 
pio,  Lon.,  1544,  4to.  Godly  Meditacion  vpon  XX.  Psalmes 
of  Dawid,  1547,  4to;  a  new  ed.  with  Biog.  Pref.  and  Notes, 
by  G.  W.  H.  Cope,  1848,  8vo. 

"  He  went  into  France,  Germany,  Italy,  and  elsewhere ;  in  which 
places  visiting  the  universities,  and  joining  his  company  to  the 
most  learned  men  of  them,  became  an  accomplished  gentleman, 
wrote  several  things  beyond  the  seas,  as  well  as  at  home." — Athen. 
Oxon. 

Cope,  Henry.  Demonstratio  Medico-Practica  Prog- 
nosticum  Hippocratis,  Dubl.,  1736,  8vo. 

Cope,  Henry.     Scrutiny  after  Religion,  1620,  8vo. 
Cope,  John.     An  ancient  date  at  Widgel-Hall;  Phil. 
Trans.,  1735. 

Cope,  Sir  John.     Report  on  his  conduct,  1749,  4to. 
Cope,  Michael.     Exposition  on  Proverbs,  in  French, 
Geneve,  1557 ;  trans,  into  English  by  Marcelline  Outrerd, 
1580,  4to. 

"Many  deep  and  striking  thoughts."— BICKERSTETH. 
Exp.  sur  le  Livre  de  1'Ecclesiaste,  Genev.,  1563,  8vo. 
"  I  find  Michael  Cope  to  have  been  a  zealous  Calvinist  at  Geneva 
and  other  places,  a  frequent  preacher  in  the  French  tongue,  and 
author  in  the  French  language." — Athen.  Oxon. 

Copeland,  John.    Arithmetic,  Lon.,  1713,  12mo. 
Copeland,  Thomas.    Medical  treatises,  Lon.,  1810, 
'12,  '18. 

Copeman,  E.     Cases  of  Apoplexy,  Lon.,  1845,  8vo. 
Copinger,  Maurice.     Excise  Laws,  1799,  4to. 
Copland,  Alexander,  Advocate.     Mortal  Life,  and 
the  State  of  the  Soul  after  Death,  <fcc. ;  2d  ed.,Lon.,1834,8vo. 
"  This  work  gives  us  all  that  can  be  known  of  the  subject  which  it 
treats,  and  a  great  deal  which  can  only  be  conjectured." — LOWNDES. 
Copland,  James,  M.D.     Pestilential  Cholera,  Lon., 
12mo.     Palsy  and  Apoplexy,  1850,  p.  8vo.     Dictionary  of 
Practical  Medicine,  Library  of  Pathology,  and  Digest  of 
Medical  Literature,  1833-58,  3  vols.  8vo.     This  invaluable 
work  should  be  in  the  possession  of  every  medical  man, 
and  in  every  public  library.     From  the  many  commenda 
tions  before  us,  we  have  room  but  for  a  few  lines  from  two 
or  three  eminent  authorities  : 

"  We  feel  it  a  great  duty  to  record  our  opinion  that,  as  there  is 
no  medical  practitioner  in  this  country,  old  or  young,  high  or  low, 
who  will  not  derive  great  pleasure  and  great  profit  by  consulting 
Dr.  Copland's  Dictionary,  so  we  think  there  is  no  one  who  should 
not  add  the  work  to  his  library." — Brit,  and  fbr.  Med.  Review. 

"  The  labour  is  immense,  and  will  stamp  the  author  as  a  man  of 
great  research,  unusual  industry,  and  sound  judgment." — Lon. 
Medico-Chir.  Review. 

"  It  is  the  production  of  a  physician  profoundly  acquainted  with 
the  medical  literature  of  all  countries.and  one  practically  acquainted 
with  the  immense  class  of  diseases  usually  consigned  to  that  order 
of  the  profession  to  which  he  belongs."— Lon.  Medical  and  Surgical 
Journal. 

Copland,  Patrick.  Virginia's  God  be  thanked;  a 
Thanksgiving  Serm.,  with  some  Epistles  by  Peter  Pope,  an 
Indian  Youth,  Lon.,  1622,  4to. 

Copland,  Peter.  Con.  to  Med.  Com.  Facts  and  Me 
moirs,  Lon.,  1791,  '93,  '99,  and  1805. 

Copland,  Robert,  a  printer,  Ac.,  d.  about  1548  ?  Hye 
Way  to  the  Spyttel  House,  Lon.,  4to ;  reprinted  in  Utter- 
son's  Pieces  of  early  Popular  Poetry,  vol.  ii.  lyl  of  Braunt- 
ford's  Testament,  newly  compiled,  4to.  Copland  was  author 
of  some  other  pieces,  and  trans,  from  the  French.  See 
Watt's  Bibl.  Brit. ;  Warton's  Eng.  Poet. ;  Athen.  Oxon. ; 
Ritson's  Bibl.  Poet. 


COP 

Copland,  Robert.  The  Questionary  of  Chyrurgions ; 
with  the  Formulery  of  littl  Guido  in  Chyrurgirie,  with 
the  Spectacles  of  Chyrurgiens  newly  added,  and  the  fourth 
book  of  the  Terapeutycke,  or  Method  Curative  of  Claud. 
Galyen,  Prince  of  Physicians,  with  a  singular  Treatise  of 
the  cure  of  Ulcers,  Lon.,  1541,  4to. 

Copland,  Samuel,  D.D.     Christian  Character,  1785. 

Copland,  Samuel.  Hist  of  Madagascar,  Lon.,  1821, 
8vo. 

Copleston,  Edward,  D.D.,  1776-1849,  a  native  of 
Offwell,  Devon,  elected  scholar  at  Corpus  Christi  College, 
Oxford,  1791;  chosen  Fellow  of  Oriel  College,  1795;  Col 
lege  tutor,  1797;  Prof,  of  Poetry,  1802;  Proctor,  1807; 
Provost  of  Oriel,  1814;  Dean  of  Chester,  1826;  Bishop  of 
Llandaff  and  Dean  of  St.  Paul's,  1827.  Letter  to  John 
Coker,  1810.  Enquiry  into  the  doctrines  of  Necessity  and 
Predestination ;  4  discourses,  Lon.,  1821,  8vo.  See  Review 
in  Quart.  Rev.,  xxvi.  82.  See  a  list  of  Bishop  C.'s  other 
serms.,  speeches,  &c.  in  Darling's  Cyc.  Bibl.  The  follow 
ing  work  conferred  great  reputation  upon  the  author :  Prae- 
lectiones  Academicse  Oxonii  habitae,  1813,  Svo,  and  1828, 
8vo,  Oxonii. 

"  The  elegant  and  masterly  Praslectiones  of  Mr.  Copleston,  de 
livered  by  him  as  Professor  of  Poetry  at  Oxford,  are,  we  presume, 
already  in  the  hands  of  our  readers." — Museum  Criticum. 

Copleston,  John.     Serm.,  Lon.,  1661,  4to. 

Copley,Anthony.  A  Fig  for  Fortune.  Recta  securas, 
Lon.,  1596,  4to.  Trans,  of  the  prose  portion  of  Wits, 
Fittes,  and  Fancies,  1595,  4to.  See  Lowndes's  Bibl.  Man., 
iv.  1966. 

Copley,  Esther,  late  Mrs.  Hewlett,  one  of  the  most 
useful  writers  of  the  present  century.  We  notice  a  few  of 
her  many  excellent  works.  Scripture  Hist,  for  Youth,  Lon., 
1829,  2  vols.  16mo. 

"  The  plan  and  execution  of  this  work  are  both  highly  creditable 
to  the  piety,  talents,  research,  and  taste  of  the  esteemed  author." 
— Lon.  Evangelical  Mag. 

Scripture  Nat.  Hist,  for  Youth,  1828,  2  vols.  Svo.  Scrip 
ture  Biography,  1835,  Svo.  Early  Friendships,  1840,  ISmo. 

"It  is  attractively  written,  and  full  of  interest,"— Com.  Adv. 

Little  Harry  and  his  Uncle  Benjamin,  1841, 16mo.  Hist, 
of  Slavery  and  its  Abolition;  2d  ed.,  1839,  Svo. 

"  The  best  compendium  with  which  we  are  acquainted." — Lon. 
Christian  Guardian. 

Copley,  J.  S.     Borough  of  Horsham,  1808,  Svo. 

Copley,  John.     Observ.  on  Religion,  Lon.,  1611,  4to. 

Copley,  Josiah.  Thoughts  of  Favoured  Hours, 
Phila.,  1858,  18mo. 

Coppe,  Abiezer.  Flying  Roll,  Ac.,  Lon.,  1646, '49, '51. 

Coppee,  Henry,  b.  in  Savannah,  Georgia,  Oct.  15, 
1821;  grad.  at  West  Point  in  1845,  and  served  through 
the  Mexican  War  as  a  lieutenant  of  artillery ;  at  its  close, 
breveted  a  captain  and  sent  as  an  instructor  to  the  Military 
Academy;  remained  on  that  duty  until  1855;  was  then 
appointed  Prof.  English  Literature  and  History  in  the 
University  of  Penna.,  in  the  place  of  Prof.  Henry  Reed. 
Elements  of  Logic,  Phila.,  1857.  Elements  of  Rhetoric, 
1858.  Edited  Gallery  of  Famous  English  and  American 
Poets,  with  an  Introductory  Essay,  Phila.,  1858,  Svo.  Con- 
trib.  articles  in  prose  and  verse  to  various  periodicals,  Ac. 

Coppin,  Richard.  Theolog.  treatises,  Lon..  1649. 
'53,  '54,  '55. 

Copping,  John,  Dean  of  Clogher.  Sermon.  Lon., 
1740,  4to. 

Copping,  Thomas.    Fast  Serm.,  1702,  4to. 

Coppinger,  Mat.  Poems,  Songs,  and  Love-Verses, 
Lon.,  1682,  12mo.  Reed  sale,  6666,  £6  6*. 

Coppinger,  Sir  Nath.  A  Speech  for  the  bringing 
in  of  the  Archbishop  of  Canterbury  to  his  Long-Expected 
Trial,  Lon.,  1641,  4to. 

Copway,  George,  (Kahgegwagebow,)  Indian 
of  the  Ojibway  nation,  b.  August,  1820,  in  Michigan;  for 
many  years  connected  with  the  press  of  New  York  City  ; 
has  lectured  extensively  throughout  Europe  and  America. 
1.  Recollections  of  a  Forest  Life,  1847.  2.  Traditional 
History  of  the  Ojibway  Nation,  1850.  3.  Ojibway  Con 
quest;  a  Poem,  [curious,]  1850.  4.  Running  Sketches  of 
Men  and  Places  in  Europe,  1851.  5.  Copway's  American 
Indian. 

Corbet,  Edward.     Serm.,  Lon.,  1642,  4to. 

Corbet,  Jeffray.    Protestant's  Warning  Pieces,  1656. 

Corbet,  John,  of  Bonyl,  Scotland.  Ungirdling  of 
the  Scottish  Armour,  Dubl.,  1639,  4to. 

Corbet,  John,  1620-1 680,  educated  at  Magdalen  Hall, 
Oxford,  obtained  the  living  of  Bramshot,  Hampshire; 
ejected  for  Nonconformity,  1662.  Hist.  Relation  of  the 
Milt.  Government  of  Gloucester,  Lon.,  1645,  4to.  Vindi 
cation  of  the  Magistrates  and  Ministers  of  Gloucester,  1646, 


COR 

4to.     Self- Employment  in  Secret,  1681,  12mo.     Remains, 
1684,  4to.     Other  works.     See  Athen.  Oxon. 

Corbet,  John,  beheaded  in  the  Irish  Rebellion.  Epistle 
Congratulatorie  to  the  Covenanters  in  Scotland,  1640,  4to. 

Corbet, John.  English  Grammar,  Shrew.,  1784, 12mo. 

Corbet,  Miles.     Speech  in  H.  of  Commons,  1647,  fol. 

Corbet,Richard,D.D.,1582-1635,  educated  at  Broad- 
gate's  Hall  and  Christ  Church,  Oxford,  Dean  of  Christ 
Church,  1627;  Bishop  of  Oxford,  1629;  translated  to  Nor 
wich,  1632.  Journey  to  France;  a  Poem,  Oratio-Oxon., 
1613,4to.  Certain  elegant  Poems,  Lon.,  1647,12mo.  Poetical 
Stromata,  or  Pieces  in  Poetry,  1648,  '72,  Svo.  Fourth  ed. 
of  his  Poems,  with  addits.  and  Life  by  Octavius  Gilchrist, 
1809,  12mo.  Of  Corbet's  Poems  the  Journey  into  France, 
an  amusing  sketch,  is 

"  Remarkable  for  giving  some  traits  of  the  French  character  that 
are  visible  in  the  present  day." 

The  Farewell  to  the  Fairies  also  possesses  much  humour. 
See  Aubrey's  Letters;  Life  by  Gilchrist;  Athen.  Oxon. 

Corbet,  Roger.     Letter  from  Court,  Lon.,  1647,  4to. 

Corbet,  Thomas.     Gospel  Incense,  1653,  12mo. 
Corbett,  Misses.     The  New  Happy  Week;  or,  Holi 
days  at  Beechwood,  Lon. 

"  The  conversations  are  natural,  animated,  and  sparkling  with 
good  humour  and  agreeable  pleasantry." — Edin.  Even.  Post. 

The  Happy  Week ;  or,  Holidays  at  Beechwood,  3d  ed. 

"  The  Happy  Week  will  be  read  with  avidity  by  those  of  our 
young  friends  who  may  be  so  fortunate  as  to  obtain  possession  of 
it.  The  '  Large  Nose'  is  capital.  The  contents  of  the  book  are  agree 
ably  varied." — Christian  Advocate. 

Lessons  for  the  Heart,  selected  from  the  best  Examples 
for  the  Improvement  of  Young  Persons. 

"  We  have  been  delighted  with  this  volume,  and  consider  it  a 
very  valuable  addition  to  the  list  of  books  designed  for  the  in 
struction  of  the  young.  A  safer,  or  more  useful,  or  more  entertain 
ing  little  work  could  scarcely  be  put  into  their  hands."—  Christian 
Instructor. 

Elucidations  of  Interesting  Passages  in  the  Sacred  Vo^- 
lume,  drawn  from  the  Works  of  the  most  celebrated  Com 
mentators  and  Travellers.  First  and  Second  Series. 

"  We  assure  parents,  guardians,  and  teachers,  that  they  cannot 
do  a  better  service  to  the  education  of  the  young,  than  put  into 
the  hands  of  those  under  their  charge  these  deserving  volumes." 
— Scottish  Guardian. 

The  Cabinet  for  Youth,  containing  Narratives,  Sketches, 
and  Anecdotes,  for  the  Instruction  and  Amusement  of  the 
Young,  3d  edition. 

"  The  book  is  a  good  one,  and  will  be  a  popular  one,  or  we  err 
greatly  in  our  estimate  of  what  young  folks  like  to  read,  and  what 
their  guardians  think  it  advisable  to  purchase  for  them."— Edin 
burgh  Observer. 

Corbett,  M.  de.  Oriental  Key  to  the  Sacred  Scrip 
tures,  as  they  are  illustrated  by  the  Rites,  Ac.  of  Eastern 
Nations,  Lon.,  1837,  18mo. 

Corbett,  Thomas.  An  Inquiry  relative  to  the 
Wealth  of  Individuals,  Lon.,  1841,  12mo. 

"  It  deserves  the  attentive  perusal  of  the  commercial  world." — 
Lon.  New  Monthly  Mag. 

Corbett,  Uvedale.  Inquiry  into  the  Election  Laws, 
Lon.,  1816,  Svo.  U.  C.  and  E.  R.  Daniell:  Reports  of 
Controversial  Elections,  1821,  Svo. 

Corbould,  Edward.  Aristomenes:  a  Grecian  Tale, 
with  Illustrations,  Lon.,  2  vols.  Svo. 

"  In  these  two  handsome  volumes  we  find  considerable  power 
of  writing." — Lon.  Literary  Gazette. 

"  The  whole  effusion  bears  the  very  spirit  of  classical  antiquity." 
— Lon.  Monthly  Advertiser. 

Corbyn,  Benjamin.    Sermon. 

Corbyn,  Samuel.     To  the  Unconverted,  1677,  Svo. 

Corbyn,  Samuel.     Sermon,  Lon.,  1765,  Svo. 

Corder,  Susannah.  Life  of  Elizabeth  Fry.  This 
work  has  been  highly  commended. 

Corderoy,  Jeremy.  Theol.  treat.,  Lon.,  1604,  '08,  Svo, 

Cordiner,  Charles.  Antiquities  and  Scenery  of  the 
North  of  Scotland,  Lon.,  1780,  4to. 

"An  intelligent  and  very  amusing  work,  designed  as  a  supple 
ment  to  Pennant's  Scottish  Tour." — LOWNDES. 

Remarkable  Ruins  and  Romantic  Prospects  of  North 
Britain,  with  Ancient  Monuments  and  Singular  Subjects 
of  Natural  History,  Lon.,  1788-95,  2  vols.  4to. 

Cordiner,  James.  Description  of  Ceylon,  Lon., 
1807,  2  vols.  4to. 

"  Mr.  Cordiner  made  the  tour  of  the  whole  sea-coast  of  the  island, 
a  journey  of  nearly  800  miles.  He  states  many  valuable  facts ;  his 
two  volumes  contain  a  great  deal  of  curious  matter."— ion.  Quart. 
Review. 

Cordwell,  J.    New  System  of  Physic,  1668-70,  Svo. 

Core,  Francis.    Treatise  on  Witches,  Lon.,  1564,  Svo. 

Corfe,  Joseph.     Treatise  on  Singing,  Lon.,  1791,  foL 

Coriat,  Jun.    See  CORYATE. 

Coriat,  Thomas.    See  CORYATE. 

Corker,  Edward.    His  Case,  fol. 


COO 

Lectures  on  the  Elements  of  Political  Economy,  Colum 
bia,  2d  ed.,  1829,  8vo. 

"  This  work,  though  not  written  in  a  very  philosophical  spirit, 
is  the  best  of  the  American  works  on  political  economy  that  we 
have  ever  met  with."— McCtJLLOCH  :  Lit.  of  Polit.  Economy. 

Dr.  Cooper's  infirmities  obliged  him  to  resign  the  presi 
dency  of  Columbia  College,  and  he  devoted  his  last  years, 
in  conjunction  with  Mr.  D.  McCord,  to  a  revision  of  the 
statutes  of  South  Carolina.  These  were  pub.  in  10  vols. 
8vo,  Columbia,  1836-41.  Besides  the  works  mentioned, 
Dr.  Cooper  pub.  the  Emporium  of  Arts,  trans,  from  the 
French,  and  many  pamphlets  on  politics,  physics,  and 
theology.  Few  men  have  led  so  active  a  life,  and  still 
fewer  have  exhibited  so  great  a  variety  of  talents. 

Cooper,  Thomas,  the  Chartist.  The  Baron's  Yule 
Feast:  a  Christmas  Rhyme,  Lon.,  1846,  12mo.  The  Pur 
gatory  of  Suicides ;  a  Prison  Rhyme,  3d  ed.,  1853,  12mo. 
Wise  Saws  and  Modern  Instances  :  a  Series  of  Short  Tales, 
1845,  2  vols.  p.  8vo.  Two  Orations  against  Taking  away 
Human  Life,  p.  8vo. 

"  Mr.  Cooper's  style  is  intensely  clear  and  forcible,  and  displays 
great  earnestness  and  fine  human  sympathy ;  it  is  in  the  highest 
degree  manly,  plain,  and  vigorous." — Lon.  Morn.  Advertiser. 

Cooper,  W.  White.  Invalid's  Guide  to  Madeira, 
Lon.,  1840,  12mo.  On  Near  Sight,  Aged  Sight,  and  Im 
paired  Vision,  1846,  p.  8vo. 

"Truly  practical,  and  consequently  truly  valuable,  we  recom 
mend  this  volume  to  all  eyes." — Lon.  Literary  Gazette. 

Cooper,  William,  Bishop  of  Galloway.    Dikaiologi; 
containing  a  just  defence  of  his  former  apology  against 
David  Hume,  Lon.,  1614,  4to. 
Cooper,  William.     Serm.,  Lon.,  1649,  4to. 
Cooper,  William.     Serms.,  Lon.,  1663,  '76,  '77. 
Cooper,  William.     Catalogue  of  Chymicall  Books, 
Lon.,  1675,  12mo.     Other  publications. 

Cooper,  William,  D.D.,  Archbishop  of  York.  Serms., 
Ac.,  1763-79.  Discourses,  1786,  2  vols.  8vo.  Address,  1788. 
Phil.  Trans.,  1784;  of  a  remarkable  meteor. 

Cooper,  William,  d.  1743,  aged  49,  a  minister  of 
Boston,  Massachusetts,  was  in  1737  elected  President  of 
Harvard  College,  but  declined  the  trust.  He  pub.  a  number 
of  serms.,  1714-41.  The  Doctrine  of  Predestination  unto 
Life  explained  and  vindicated  in  4  serms.,  1741;  and  Lon., 
1765,  12mo. 

"  A  candid  and  practical  view  of  this  doctrine." — BICKERSTETH. 
Cooper,  William,  D.D.,  Archdeacon  of  York.    Dis 
courses,  Lon.,  1795,  2  vols.  8vo. 

Cooper,  William,  M.D.  Med.  Obs.  and  Inq.,  1770. 
Phil.  Trans.,  1775. 

Coore,  Richard,  D.D.,  d.  1687.  Practical  Exposi 
tion  of  the  more  difficult  Texts  that  are  contained  in  the 
Holy  Bible,  Lon.,  1683,  8vo. 

"  The  dreams  in  Daniel  and  the  visions  of  all  the  Prophets,  and 
the  two  mystical  books  of  the  Canticles  and  the  Revelation  are  all 
clearly  opened." — Author's  Pref. 

Coortresse,  Richard,  Bishop  of  Chichester.  A 
Serm.  before  the  Queene's  Majestic,  Lon.,  1573,  8vo. 

Coote,  Charles,  LL.D.,  of  Pembroke  College,  Oxford. 
Graii  Elegaia,  <fec.,  Lon.,  1794,  4to.  Hist,  of  England  to 
1783,  1791-98,  9  vols.  8vo.  Cont.  of  the  Peace  of  Amiens, 
1803,  8vo.  English  Grammar,  and  a  hist,  of  the  language, 
1788,  8vo.  Life  of  Caesar,  1802,  8vq.  Hist,  of  the  Union, 
1802,  8v£.  Hist,  of  Modern  Europe,  1810 ;  continued  to 
1815,  1*17,  8vo.  Mosheim's  Eccl.  Hist,  by  Maclaine, 
brought  down  to  the  18th  century,  1811,  6  vols.  8vo.  Hist, 
of  Ancient  Europe,  1815,  3  vols.  8vo.  This  was  intended 
to  accompany  Dr.  Wm.  Russell's  Hist,  of  Modern  Europe, 
Lon.,  1779,  2  vols.  8vo. 

Coote,  Sir  Charles,  Earl  of  Montrath,  Governor  of 
Dublin,  d.  1661.  Declarations,  Dubl.,  1659;  Lon.,  1660, 
4to.  His  Victory,  Lon.,  1649,  4to.  Transactions  with  0. 
R.  O'Neal,  Lon.,  1649,  4to. 

Coote,  Chilly.     Ireland's  Lamentations,  Lon.,  1664 
Coote,  Edward.     English  Schoolmaster,  Lon.,  1627 
Coote,  H.  J.     The  Homologies  of  the  Human  Skele 
ton,  Lon.,  1849,  8vo. 

Coote,  J.  Memoir  of  Princess  Charlotte,  etc.,  1818,8vo. 

Coote,  R.  H.     An  Analysis,  arranged  to  serve  also 

as  a  compendious  digested  Index  to  Mr.  Fearne's  Essay  on 

Contingent  Remainders  and  Executory  Devises,  and  of 

Mr.  Butler's  Notes,  Lon.,  1814,  8vo. 

"Every  topic  to  be  found  in  the  text  and  notes  is  concisely 
abndged  by  Mr.  Coote,  and  the  whole  is  alphabetically  arranged 
This  small  volume  should  ever  be  in  view  whilst  the  student  is 
engaged  with  the  great  original." — Hoffman's  Legal  Study,  241. 

Treatise  on  the  Law  of  Landlord  and  Tenant,  Lon.,  1840, 
8vo.  Treatise  on  the  Law  of  Mortgage,  with  an  Appendix 
of  Precedents,  Lon.,  1822,  8vo.  The  3d  ed.  of  this  valuable 
work,  by  the  original  author  and  Richard  Coote,  Esq.,  was 


COP 

pub.  Lon.,  1850,  r.  8vo.  An  American  ed.  (the  third) 
bunded  on  the  3d  Lon.  ed.,  is  now  (1858)  in  the  press  of 
the  enterprising  and  well-known  publishers,  T.  and  J.  W. 
Johnson,  of  Philadelphia.  It  is  edited  by  Judge  Sharswood, 
whose  name  is  sufficiently  known  to  the  profession  to  render 
ny  comments  useless.  The  Practice  of  the  Ecclesiastical 
Courts,  with  Forms  and  Tables  of  Costs,  Lon.,  1846,  8vo. 
"  Ecclesiastical  Practice  is  now  for  the  first  time  made  the  subject 
of  a  formal  and  elaborate  treatise,  and  it  has  remained  for  Mr.  Coote, 
jy  a  combination  of  industry  and  experience,  to  give  to  the  pro 
fession  a  work  which  has  long  been  wanted,  but  which  so  few  are 
competent  to  supply." — Lon.  Law  Times. 

Coote,  Richard,  Earl  of  Bellamont.  Articles  of 
agreement  between  him,  R.  Livingston,  and  Capt.  W.  M. 
Kidd,  foL 

Coote, Hon. Robt.  Compleat Marksman;  Poem,1755. 
Cope.     Hist,  of  the  East  Indies,  Lon.,  1754,  8vo. 
Cope,  Alan,  an  English  R.  Catholic,  d.  about  1580. 
Historia  Evangelicae  veritas,  Lon.,  1572;  Doway,  1603, 4to. 
"  This  is  a  kind  of  Harmony  of  the  Gospels,  or  rather  a  digest 
of  the  Life  of  Christ,  in  the  words  of  the  Evangelists.  .  .  .  Crow 
speaks  of  Cope  as  '  eximii  ingenii  vir." — ORME  :  Bill.  Bib. 

Cope  also  pub.  Dialogi  sex  contra  Summi  Pontificatus 
Monastics  Vitae,  Ac.,  Antw.,  1566,  4to.  This  work  was 
written  by  Nic.  Harpesfield. 

"Which  book  being  put  into  the  hands  of  his  friend  Alan  Cope, 
tie  put  it  out  under  his  name,  lest  danger  should  befall  the  author 
in  person." — Athen.  Oxon. 

Cope,  Sir  Anthony.  Historic  of  Anniball  and  Sci- 
pio,  Lon.,  1544,  4to.  Godly  Meditacion  vpon  XX.  Psalmes 
of  Dawid,  1547,  4to;  a  new  ed.  with  Biog.  Pref.  and  Notes, 
by  G.  W.  H.  Cope,  1848,  8vo. 

"  He  went  into  France,  Germany,  Italy,  and  elsewhere ;  in  which 
places  visiting  the  universities,  and  joining  his  company  to  the 
most  learned  men  of  them,  became  an  accomplished  gentleman, 
wrote  several  things  beyond  the  seas,  as  well  as  at  home." — Athen. 
Oxon. 

Cope,  Henry.  Demonstratio  Medico-Practica  Prog- 
nosticum  Hippocratis,  Dubl.,  1736,  8vo. 

Cope,  Henry.     Scrutiny  after  Religion,  1620,  8vo. 
Cope,  John.     An  ancient  date  at  Widgel-Hall ;  Phil. 
Trans.,  1735. 

Cope,  Sir  John.     Report  on  his  conduct,  1749,  4to. 
Cope,  Michael.     Exposition  on  Proverbs,  in  French, 
Geneve,  1557;  trans,  into  English  by  Marcelline  Outrerd, 
1580,  4to. 

"Many  deep  and  striking  thoughts." — BICKERSTETH. 
Exp.  sur  le  Livre  de  1'Ecclesiaste,  Genev.,  1563,  8vo. 
"  I  find  Michael  Cope  to  have  been  a  zealous  Calvinist  at  Geneva 
and  other  places,  a  frequent  preacher  in  the  French  tongue,  and 
author  in  the  French  language." — Athen.  Oxon. 

Copeland,  John.    Arithmetic,  Lon.,  1713,  12mo. 
Copeland,  Thomas.    Medical  treatises,  Lon.,  1810, 
'12,  '18. 

Copeman,  E.     Cases  of  Apoplexy,  Lon.,  1845,  8vo. 
Copinger,  Maurice.     Excise  Laws,  1799,  4to. 
Copland,  Alexander,  Advocate.     Mortal  Life,  and 
the  State  of  the  Soul  after  Death,  <fcc. ;  2d  ed.,Lon.,1834,8vo. 
"  This  work  gives  us  all  that  can  be  known  of  the  subject  which  it 
treats,  and  a  great  deal  which  can  only  be  conjectured." — LOWNDES. 
Copland,  James,  M.D.     Pestilential  Cholera,  Lon., 
12mo.     Palsy  and  Apoplexy,  1850,  p.  8vo.     Dictionary  of 
Practical  Medicine,  Library  of  Pathology,  and  Digest  of 
Medical  Literature,  1833-58,  3  vols.  8vo.     This  invaluable 
work  should  be  in  the  possession  of  every  medical  man, 
and  in  every  public  library.     From  the  many  commenda 
tions  before  us,  we  have  room  but  for  a  few  lines  from  two 
or  three  eminent  authorities  : 

"  We  feel  it  a  great  duty  to  record  our  opinion  that,  as  there  Is 
no  medical  practitioner  in  this  country,  old  or  young,  high  or  low, 
who  will  not  derive  great  pleasure  and  great  profit  by  consulting 
Dr.  Copland's  Dictionary,  so  we  think  there  is  no  one  who  should 
not  add  the  work  to  his  library." — Brit,  and  For.  Med.  Review. 

"  The  labour  is  immense,  and  will  stamp  the  author  as  a  man  of 
great  research,  unusual  industry,  and  sound  judgment." — Lon. 
Medico-Chir.  Review. 

"  It  is  the  production  of  a  physician  profoundly  acquainted  with 
the  medical  literature  of  all  countries.and  one  practically  acquainted 
with  the  immense  class  of  diseases  usually  consigned  to  that  order 
of  the  profession  to  which  he  belongs."— Lon.  Medical  and  Surgical 
Journal. 

Copland,  Patrick.  Virginia's  God  be  thanked;  a 
Thanksgiving  Serm.,  with  some  Epistles  by  Peter  Pope,  an 
Indian  Youth,  Lon.,  1622,  4to. 

Copland,  Peter.  Con.  to  Med.  Com.  Facts  and  Me 
moirs,  Lon.,  1791,  '93,  '99,  and  1805. 

Copland,  Robert,  a  printer,  Ac.,  d.  about  1548  ?  Hye 
Way  to  the  Spyttel  House,  Lon.,  4to ;  reprinted  in  Utter- 
son's  Pieces  of  early  Popular  Poetry,  vol.  ii.  lyl  of  Braunt- 
ford's  Testament,  newly  compiled,  4to.  Copland  was  author 
of  some  other  pieces,  and  trans,  from  the  French.  See 
Watt's  Bibl.  Brit. ;  Warton's  Eng.  Poet. ;  Athen.  Oxon.  ; 
Ritson's  Bibl.  Poet. 


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Copland,  Robert.  The  Questionary  of  Chyrurgions  ; 
with  the  Formulery  of  littl  Guido  in  Chyrurgirie,  with 
the  Spectacles  of  Chyrurgiens  newly  added,  and  the  fourth 
book  of  the  Terapeutycke,  or  Method  Curative  of  Claud. 
Galyen,  Prince  of  Physicians,  with  a  singular  Treatise  of 
the  cure  of  Ulcers,  Lon.,  1541,  4to. 

Copland,  Samuel,  D.D.     Christian  Character,  1785. 

Copland,  Samuel.  Hist,  of  Madagascar,  Lon.,  1821, 
8vo. 

Copleston,  Edward,  D.D.,  1776-1849,  a  native  of 
Offwell,  Devon,  elected  scholar  at  Corpus  Christi  College, 
Oxford,  1791;  chosen  Fellow  of  Oriel  College,  1795;  Col 
lege  tutor,  1797;  Prof,  of  Poetry,  1802;  Proctor,  1807; 
Provost  of  Oriel,  1814;  Dean  of  Chester,  1826;  Bishop  of 
Llandaff  and  Dean  of  St.  Paul's,  1827.  Letter  to  John 
Coker,  1810.  Enquiry  into  the  doctrines  of  Necessity  and 
Predestination ;  4  discourses,  Lon.,  1821,  8vo.  See  Review 
in  Quart.  Rev.,  xxvi.  82.  See  a  list  of  Bishop  C.'s  other 
serms.,  speeches,  <fcc.  in  Darling's  Cyc.  Bibl.  The  follow 
ing  work  conferred  great  reputation  upon  the  author :  Prae- 
lectiones  Academicse  Oxonii  habitse,  1813,  8vo,  and  1828, 
8vo,  Oxonii. 

"  The  elegant  and  masterly  Praelectiones  of  Mr.  Copleston,  de 
livered  by  him  as  Professor  of  Poetry  at  Oxford,  are,  we  presume, 
already  in  the  hands  of  our  readers."— Museum  Criticum. 

Copleston,  John.     Serm.,  Lon.,  1661,  4to. 

Copley,Anthony.  A  Fig  for  Fortune.  Recta  securas, 
Lon.,  1596,  4to.  Trans,  of  the  prose  portion  of  Wits, 
Fittes,  and  Fancies,  1595,  4to.  See  Lowndes's  Bibl.  Man., 
iv.  1966. 

Copley,  Esther,  late  Mrs.  Hewlett,  one  of  the  most 
useful  writers  of  the  present  century.  We  notice  a  few  of 
her  many  excellent  works.  Scripture  Hist,  for  Youth,  Lon., 
1829,  2  vols.  16mo. 

"  The  plan  and  execution  of  this  work  are  both  highly  creditable 
to  the  piety,  talents,  research,  and  taste  of  the  esteemed  author." 
— Lon.  Evangelical  Mag. 

Scripture  Nat.  Hist,  for  Youth,  1828,  2  vols.  8vo.  Scrip 
ture  Biography,  1835,  8vo.  Early  Friendships,  1840, 18mo. 

"  It  is  attractively  written,  and  full  of  interest." — Com.  Adv. 

Little  Harry  and  his  Uncle  Benjamin,  1841, 16mo.  Hist, 
of  Slavery  and  its  Abolition;  2d  ed.,  1839,  8vo. 

"  The  best  compendium  with  which  we  are  acquainted." — Lon. 
Christian  Guardian. 

Copley,  J.  S.     Borough  of  Horsham,  1808,  8vo. 

Copley,  John.     Observ.  on  Religion,  Lon.,  1611,  4to. 

Copley,  Josiah.  Thoughts  of  Favoured  Hours, 
Phila.,  1858,  18mo. 

Coppe,  Abiezer.  Flying  Roll,  Ac.,  Lon.,  1646, '49, '51. 

Coppee,  Henry,  b.  in  Savannah,  Georgia,  Oct.  15, 
1821;  grad.  at  West  Point  in  1845,  and  served  through 
the  Mexican  War  as  a  lieutenant  of  artillery ;  at  its  close, 
breveted  a  captain  and  sent  as  an  instructor  to  the  Military 
Academy ;  remained  on  that  duty  until  1855 ;  was  then 
appointed  Prof.  English  Literature  and  History  in  the 
University  of  Penna.,  in  the  place  of  Prof.  Henry  Reed. 
Elements  of  Logic,  Phila.,  1857.  Elements  of  Rhetoric, 
1858.  Edited  Gallery  of  Famous  English  and  American 
Poets,  with  an  Introductory  Essay,  Phila.,  1858,  8vo.  Con- 
trib.  articles  in  prose  and  verse  to  various  periodicals,  Ac. 

Coppin,  Richard.  Theolog.  treatises,  Lon.,  1649, 
'53,  '54,  '55. 

Copping,  John,  Dean  of  Clogher.  Sermon,  Lon., 
1740,  4to. 

Copping,  Thomas.    Fast  Serm.,  1702,  4to. 

Coppinger,  Mat.  Poems,  Songs,  and  Love-Verses, 
Lon.,  1682,  12mo.  Reed  sale,  6666,  £6  6«. 

Coppinger,  Sir  Nath.  A  Speech  for  the  bringing 
in  of  the  Archbishop  of  Canterbury  to  his  Long-Expected 
Trial,  Lon.,  1641,  4to. 

Copway,  George,  (Kahgegwagebow,)  Indian 
of  the  Ojibway  nation,  b.  August,  1820,  in  Michigan;  for 
many  years  connected  with  the  press  of  New  York  City  ; 
has  lectured  extensively  throughout  Europe  and  America. 
1.  Recollections  of  a  Forest  Life,  1847.  2.  Traditional 
History  of  the  Ojibway  Nation,  1850.  3.  Ojibway  Con 
quest;  a  Poem,  [curious,]  1850.  4.  Running  Sketches  of 
Men  and  Places  in  Europe,  1851.  5.  Copway's  American 
Indian. 

Corbet,  Edward.    Serm.,  Lon.,  1642,  4to. 

Corbet,  Jeffray.    Protestant's  Warning  Pieces,  1656. 

Corbet,  John,  of  Bonyl,  Scotland.  Ungirdling  of 
the  Scottish  Armour,  Dubl.,  1639,  4to. 

Corbet,  John,  1620-1 680,  educated  at  Magdalen  Hall, 
Oxford,  obtained  the  living  of  Bramshot,  Hampshire; 
ejected  for  Nonconformity,  1662.  Hist.  Relation  of  the 
Milt.  Government  of  Gloucester,  Lon.,  1645,  4to.  Vindi 
cation  of  the  Magistrates  and  Ministers  of  Gloucester,  1646, 


4to.     Self- Employment  in  Secret,  1681,  12mo.    Remains, 
1684,  4to.     Other  works.     See  Athen.  Oxon. 

Corbet,  John,  beheaded  in  the  Irish  Rebellion.  Epistle 
Congratulatorie  to  the  Covenanters  in  Scotland,  1640,  4to. 

Corbet,John.  English  Grammar,  Shrew.,  1784, 12mo. 

Corbet,  Miles.     Speech  in  H.  of  Commons,  1647,  fol. 

Corbet,Richard,D.D.,1582-1635,  educated  at  Broad- 
gate's  Hall  and  Christ  Church,  Oxford,  Dean  of  Christ 
Church,  1627;  Bishop  of  Oxford,  1629;  translated  to  Nor 
wich,  1632.  Journey  to  France;  a  Poem,  Oratio-Oxon., 
1613,4to.  Certain  elegant  Poems,  Lon.,  1647,12ino.  Poetical 
Stromata,  or  Pieces  in  Poetry,  1648,  '72,  8vo.  Fourth  ed. 
of  his  Poems,  with  addits.  and  Life  by  Octavius  Gilchrist, 
1809,  12mo.  Of  Corbet's  Poems  the  Journey  into  France, 
an  amusing  sketch,  is 

"  Remarkable  for  giving  some  traits  of  the  French  character  that 
are  visible  in  the  present  day." 

The  Farewell  to  the  Fairies  also  possesses  much  humour. 
See  Aubrey's  Letters ;  Life  by  Gilchrist ;  Athen.  Oxon. 

Corbet,  Roger.     Letter  from  Court,  Lon.,  1647,  4to. 

Corbet,  Thomas.     Gospel  Incense,  1653,  12mo. 

Corbett,  Misses.  The  New  Happy  Week;  or,  Holi 
days  at  Beechwood,  Lon. 

"  The  conversations  are  natural,  animated,  and  sparkling  with 
good  humour  and  agreeable  pleasantry."— Edin.  Even.  Post. 

The  Happy  Week ;  or,  Holidays  at  Beechwood,  3d  ed. 

"  The  Happy  Week  will  be  read  with  avidity  by  those  of  our 
young  friends  who  may  be  so  fortunate  as  to  obtain  possession  of 
it.  The  '  Large  Nose'  is  capital.  The  contents  of  the  book  are  agree 
ably  varied."— Christian  Advocate. 

Lessons  for  the  Heart,  selected  from  the  best  Examples 
for  the  Improvement  of  Young  Persons. 

"  We  have  been  delighted  with  this  volume,  and  consider  it  a 
very  valuable  addition  to  the  list  of  books  designed  for  the  in 
struction  of  the  young.  A  safer,  or  more  useful,  or  more  entertain 
ing  little  work  could  scarcely  be  put  into  their  hands." — Christian 
Instructor. 

Elucidations  of  Interesting  Passages  in  the  Sacred  Vo 
lume,  drawn  from  the  Works  of  the  most  celebrated  Com 
mentators  and  Travellers.  First  and  Second  Series. 

"  We  assure  parents,  guardians,  and  teachers,  that  they  cannot 
do  a  better  service  to  the  education  of  the  young,  than  put  into 
the  hands  of  those  under  their  charge  these  deserving  volumes." 
—Scottish  Guardian. 

The  Cabinet  for  Youth,  containing  Narratives,  Sketches, 
and  Anecdotes,  for  the  Instruction  and  Amusement  of  the 
Young,  3d  edition. 

"  The  book  is  a  good  one,  and  will  be  a  popular  one,  or  we  err 
greatly  in  our  estimate  of  what  young  folks  like  to  read,  and  what 
their  guardians  think  it  advisable  to  purchase  for  them." — Edirtr 
burgh  Observer. 

Corbett,  M.  de.  Oriental  Key  to  the  Sacred  Scrip 
tures,  as  they  are  illustrated  by  the  Rites,  «fec.  of  Eastern 
Nations,  Lon.,  1837,  18mo. 

Corbett,  Thomas.  An  Inquiry  relative  to  the 
Wealth  of  Individuals,  Lon.,  1841,  12mo. 

"It  deserves  the  attentive  perusal  of  the  commercial  world." — 
Lon.  New  Monthly  Mag. 

Corbett,  TJvedale.  Inquiry  into  the  Election  Laws, 
Lon.,  1816,  8vo.  U.  C.  and  E.  R.  Daniell:  Reports  of 
Controversial  Elections,  1821,  8vo. 

Corbould,  Edward.  Aristomenes:  a  Grecian  Tale, 
with  Illustrations,  Lon.,  2  vols.  8vo. 

"  In  these  two  handsome  volumes  we  find  considerable  power 
of  writing." — Lon.  Literary  Gazette. 

"  The  whole  effusion  bears  the  very  spirit  of  classical  antiquity." 
— Lon.  Monthly  Advertiser. 

Corbyn,  Benjamin.    Sermon. 

Corbyn,  Samuel.     To  the  Unconverted,  1677,  8vo, 

Corbyn,  Samuel.     Sermon,  Lon.,  1765,  8vo. 

Corder,  Susannah.  Life  of  Elizabeth  Fry.  This 
work  has  been  highly  commended. 

Corderoy,  Jeremy.  Theol.  treat.,  Lon.,  1604,  '08, 8vo, 

Cordiner,  Charles.  Antiquities  and  Scenery  of  the 
North  of  Scotland,  Lon.,  1780,  4to. 

"An  intelligent  and  very  amusing  work,  designed  as  a  supple 
ment  to  Pennant's  Scottish  Tour." — LOWNBES. 

Remarkable  Ruins  and  Romantic  Prospects  of  North 
Britain,  with  Ancient  Monuments  and  Singular  Subjects 
of  Natural  History,  Lon.,  1788-95,  2  vols.  4to. 

Cordiner,  James.  Description  of  Ceylon,  Lon., 
1807,  2  vols.  4to. 

"  Mr.  Cordiner  made  the  tour  of  the  whole  sea-coast  of  the  island, 
a  journey  of  nearly  800  miles.  He  states  many  valuable  facts ;  his 
two  volumes  contain  a  great  deal  of  curious  matter." — Lon.  Quart. 
Review. 

Cordwell,  J.     New  System  of  Physic,  1668-70,  8vo. 

Core,  Francis.    Treatise  on  Witches,  Lon.,  1564, 8vo. 

Corfe,  Joseph.     Treatise  on  Singing,  Lon.,  1791,  foL 

Coriat,  Jun.    See  CORYATE. 

Coriat,  Thomas.    See  CORYATE. 

Corker,  Edward.    His  Case,  fol. 


COR 


COR 


Corker,  James,  is  supposed  to  have  written  the 
treatise  entitled,  Roman  Catholic  Principles  in  reference 
to  God  and  the  king,  1680,  which  was  referred  to  by  Lord 
Stafford  on  his  trial  in  vindication  of  his  faith.  A  new 
edit,  was  pub.  by  Rev.  John  Kirk,  1815,  8vo. 

"  It  is  a  clear  and  accurate  exposition  of  the  Roman  Catholic 
Creed,  on  some  of  its  most  important  principles,  and  has  all  the 
authority  that  such  a  document  can  receive  from  time  and  uni 
versal  assent."— CHARLES  BUTLER. 

"  In  perusing  the  Principles,  Dr.  Leland,  the  historian,  is  said 
to  have  declared,  that,  if  such  were  the  principles  of  Roman  Catho 
lics,  no  government  had  any  right  to  quarrel  with  them."  See 
Charles  Butler's  Memoirs  respect,  the  English,  Irish,  and  Scottish 
Catholics,  1819;  ii.  40,  345-353. 

Corker,  Samuel.    Funl.  Serm.,  Dubl.,  1695,  4to. 

Cormack,  John.  Lives  of  Philosophers ;  trans,  from 
Fenelon,  Lon.,  1803,  2  vols.  12mo.  Female  Infanticide  in 
Guezerat,  1815,  8vo.  Sermon,  Edin.,  1810. 

Cormick,  C.  M.  Hist,  of  England,  from  the  Death 
of  George  II.  to  the  Peace  of  1783,  Lon.,  3  vols.  12mo. 

Cormouls,  Thomas.  Eversion;  or  the  Refutation 
of  the  present  Principles  of  Mundane  Philosophy,  Wol- 
verh.,  1804,  8vo. 

Corncob,  Jonathan,  Loyal  American  Refugee,  The 
Adventures  of,  Lon.,  1787,  12mo. 

"  The  prototype  of  the  Halls  and  Trollopes,  who,  as  the  Monthly 
Review  says,  '  thought  that  his  ridicule  of  the  Jonathans  would 
render  his  work  the  more  acceptable  in  England.' " — RICH  :  Bib. 
Amer.  Nova. 

Cornelius,  Lucius.  De  Monarchia  Jesuitarum, 
Lon.,  1648,  '65,  '80,  8vo. 

Cornelius,  Peter.  A  Way  to  make  the  Poor,  in  these 
and  other  Nations,  happy,  Lon.,  1659,  4to.  Surely  so  phi 
lanthropic  a  proposal  demands  a  respectful  consideration ! 

Cornell,  Ebenezer.     Sermon,  Lon.,  1756,  8vo. 

Cornell,  S.  S.,  Corresponding  Member  of  the  Ame 
rican  Geographical  and  Statistical  Society.  Author  of  a 
series  of  popular  School  Geographies. 

Cornell,  Rev.  Wm.  Mason,  M.D.,  b.  1802,  Massa 
chusetts,  grad.  at  Brown  Univ.,  1827.  Grammar  of  the 
English  Language.  Consumption  Prevented,  8th  edition. 
Consumption  Forestalled  and  prevented.  Sabbath  made 
for  Man.  Treatise  on  Epilepsy.  Contributed  largely  to 
the  various  medical  and  educational  journals. 

Corner,  Julia,  may  be  styled,  without  compliment, 
one  of  the  most  useful  writers  of  the  age.  Of  her  many 
valuable  works,  we  notice :  Questions  on  the  Hist,  of  Eu 
rope;  a  Sequel  to  Miss  Mangnall's  Hist.  Questions;  new 
ed.,  Lon.,  1847,  12mo. 

"  Miss  Corner  is  a  worthy  successor  to  Miss  Mangnall.  An  im 
mense  quantity  of  matter  is  condensed  in  these  pages." — Lon.  Lit. 
Gazette. 

Children's  Sunday  Books,  1850-52.  Hist,  of  China  and 
India.  The  Historical  Library,  1840-48,  14  vols.  12mo. 

"  We  know  of  no  works  better  suited  for  youth,  or  the  careful 
perusal  of  which  is  likely  to  be  attended  with  more  lasting  impres 
sions,  than  Miss  Corner's  Hist.  Library." — Lon.  Conservative  Jour. 

"  Miss  Corner  writes  intelligibly  and  fluently,  with  much  easy 
fcnd  winning  grace." — Lon.  Mag.  of  Arts  and  Sciences. 

We  have  perhaps  20  or  30  such  commendations  before  us. 

Corney,  Bolton.  New  Curiosities  of  Literature,  in 
Illustration  of  D'Israeli,  Lon.,  1838,  p.  8vo ;  and  a  2d  ed. 

"  Ce  livre  est  une  vive  critique  des  Curiosites  de  la  Litterature, 
recueil  d'anecdotes  et  de  remarques  bibliographiques  fort  repandu 
en  Angleterre.  .  .  .  M.  Bolton  Corney  a  deja  publie  un  6crit  fort 
judicieux  sur  la  Tapisserie  de  Bayeux." — Journal  des  Savants. 

"  These  illustrations  are  by  for  the  best  specimens  of  historical 
and  bibliographical  criticism  that  we  have  seen  anywhere  this 
many  a  day." — Lon.  Metropolitan  Magazine. 

"A  masterly  volume." — London  Examiner. 

See  a  communication  from  Mr.  Corney,  and  a  letter  from 
the  Rev.  Alexander  Crombie,  respecting  the  above-named 
work,  in  the  Gent.  Mag.,  Oct.  1841,  355. 

Thomson's  Seasons,  edit,  by  Bolton  Corney,  1842,  sq.  8vo. 

"  Mr.  Bolton  Corney's  labours  are  not  the  less  to  be  commended 
because  they  are  unobtrusive :  the  work  is  extremely  well  edited." 
~-London  Athenceum. 

The  Poetical  Works  of  Oliver  Goldsmith;  edited  by 
Bolton  Corney,  1845,  8vo.  A  valuable  edit. 

"The  whole  of  the  poems  have  been  collated  with  the  several 
editions;  the  Deserted  Village  boasts  an  improved  text;  and  the 
oratorio  of  the  Captivity  is  printed  complete  from  the  MS.  in  Mr. 
Murray's  possession.  A  new  memoir  of  the  poet  has  the  merits 
of  fulness  and  accuracy  in  respect  of  facts,  and  conciseness  in  point 
of  style." — London  Spectator. 

Mr.  Corney  is  well  known  as  a  contributor  to  Notes  and 
Queries  and  other  journals.  He  is  one  of  the  few  learned 
archaeologists  still  left  (1858)  of  the  school  of  Nichols  and 
Gough,  Baker  and  Cole. 

Comings,  Benj.  N.,  b.  1817,  at  Cornish,  N.  Hamp 
shire.  Principles  of  Physiology,  1851.  Class  Book  of 
Physiology,  1853.  Preservation  of  Health  and  Prevention 
of  Disease,  1854. 

m 


Cornish,  Joseph.  Theolog.  treatises,  <fec.,  1780,  '89, 
'90.  Importance  of  Classical  Learning,  1783,  8vo. 

Cornish,  T.  H.  Juryman's  Legal  Hand  Book  and 
Manual  of  Common  Law,  2d  ed.,  Lon.,  1843,  8vo. 

"  This  little  volume  contains  much  curious  as  well  as  useful 
matter,  collected  from  various  sources,  adapted  principally  to  the 
use  of  the  general  reader." — 25  Legal  Observer,  500. 

Cornish,  William  Floyer.  Essay  on  Uses,  Lon., 
1825,  8vo.  Essay  on  the  Law  of  Remainders,  1827,  8vo. 

"  It  involves  critical  discussions  upon  the  most  abstruse,  subtle, 
and  artificial  distinctions  in  the  law,  and  the  author  is  a  shrewd 
and  dry  critic,  dealing  in  occult  points." — 4  Kent's  Com.,  198,  245, 
260. 

"  His  new  classification  may  be  maintained  without  materially 
impairing  the  usefulness  of  Mr.  Fearne's  treatise." — Hoffman's  Le 
gal  Study,  258. 

Treatise  on  Purchase  Deeds,  1828,  8vo. 

"A  very  creditable  production,  better  suited,  however,  for  Eng 
lish  conveyances  than  for  this  country.  .  .  .  Every  thing  from  the 
pen  of  Mr.  Cornish  is  learned  and  able." — Hoffman's  Legal  Shtdy ; 
q.  v.  for  an  account  of  this  learned  author,  who  died  at  an  early  age. 

Cornthwaite,Robert.  The  Sabbath,  Lon.,  1740,8vo. 

Cornwall,  Barry.     See  PROCTER,  BRYAN  WALTER. 

Cornwall,  Frederic.    Assize  Serm.,  Lon.,  1710,  8vo. 

Cornwall,  Capt.  Henry.  Observations  upon  several 
Voyages  to  India,  Lon.,  1720,  fol.  Magnetic  Needle; 
Phil.  Trans.,  1722. 

Cornwall,  James.  Tables  of  Pleadings,  Writs,  &c., 
Lon.,  1705,  fol.  This  sometimes  accompanies  G.  Town- 
send's  Tables,  1667. 

Cornwall,  John,  D.D.     Serm.,  Camb.,  1701,  4to. 

Cornwall,  N.  E.  Music  as  it  Was  and  as  it  Is,  New 
York,  12mo. 

Cornwalleys,  Henry.    Serms.,  &c.  Lon.,  1693-1706. 

Cornwallis,  Sir  Charles,  d.  about  1630.  The  Life 
and  Death  of  Henry,  Prince  of  Wales,  Lon.,  1641,  8vo 
and  4to;  1644,  1738,  '51;  with  an  Appendix,  1788,  8vo. 
Granger  commends  this  work  for  elegance  of  style,  but 
Birch  condemns  it  as  extremely  superficial. 

Cornwallis,  Charles,  Marquis,  1738-1805,  served 
against  the  Americans  in  their  revolutionary  struggle,  and 
afterwards  distinguished  himself  in  Ireland  and  the  East 
Indies.  In  1762  he  succeeded  his  father  in  the  Earldom 
of  Cornwallis.  He  accepted  the  government  of  British 
India  in  1790,  and  again  in  1805.  He  died  in  the  latter 
year  at  Ghazepore,  in  the  province  of  Benares.  An  Answer 
to  that  part  of  the  Narrative  of  Lieut.-Gen.  Henry  Clinton, 
K.  B.,  which  relates  to  the  Conduct  of  Earl  C.  during  the 
Campaign  in  North  America,  in  the  year  1781,  '82,  8vo. 

Cornwallis,  Frederick,  Archbishop  of  Canterbury, 
d.  1783,  son  of  Lord  Cornwallis,  was  consecrated  Bishop 
of  Lichfield  and  Coventry,  1749 ;  translated  to  Canterbury, 
1768.  Serms.,  1751,  '52,  '56,  '62. 

Cornwallis,  James,  Dean  of  Canterbury,  1775,  con 
secrated  Bishop  of  Lichfield  and  Coventry,  1781.  Serms., 
1777,  '82,  1811. 

Cornwallis,  Mrs.  Mary.  Observations  on  the  Ca 
nonical  Scriptures,  Lon.,  1817,  '20,  and  last  ed.,  1831,  4 
vols.  8vo. 

"  A  judicious  and  pleasing  companion  in  the  perusal  of  the  Holy 
Scriptures." — Lowndes's  Brit.  Lib. 

Cornwallis,  Sir  William,  son  of  Sir  Charles.  Es 
says,  Lon.,  1600,  8vo;  newly  corrected,  1632,  8vo.  Dis 
courses  upon  Seneca,  1601, 16mo.  Union  of  England  and 
Scotland,  1604,  4to.  Essays  on  Encomium  of  Sadness 
and  of  Julian  the  Apostate,  1616,  '26, 4to.  Praise  of  King 
Richard,  1617  :  in  the  Somers  Collection  of  Tracts,  vol.  iii. 

Cornwell,  B.  M.  L.    The  Domestic  Physician,  1785, 

Cornwell,  Francis.  Theolog.  treatises,  1644,  '45,  '46. 

Cornwell,  James,  has  pub.  many  useful  educational 
works — on  Grammar,  Geography,  Composition,  <fec. — some 
of  them  in  conjunction  with  the  late  Dr.  Alexander  Allen. 
Their  works  have  been  highly  commended  as 

"Written  by  those  who  are  profoundly  acquainted  with  the 
sources  of  our  language."— Church  of  England  Quarterly. 

Corp,  Harriet.  An  Antidote  to  the  Miseries  of  Hu 
man  Life,  or  the  Widow  Placid  and  her  daughter  Rachel, 
1814,  2  vols.  fc.  8vo. 

Corp,  William,  M.D.    Jaundice,  1785.    Essay,  1792. 

Corri,  D.     Singer's  Preceptor,  1811,  2  vols.  8vo. 

Corrie,  Archibald,  1777-1857,  a  distinguished  agri 
cultural  writer. 

Corrie,  D.,  LL.D.,  first  Bishop  of  Madras.  Memoirs 
of;  compiled  chiefly  from  his  own  Letters  and  Journals, 
by  his  Brothers,  Lon.,  1846,  8vo. 

Corrie,  Edgar.  Treat,  on  Polit,  Econ.,  1 791,  '96, 1808. 

Corrie,  George  Elwes,  Norrisian  Prof,  of  Divinity, 
Cambridge.  Burnet's  Hist,  of  the  Reformation  abridged, 
Lon.,  1847,  8vo. 


COR 


COS 


"In  this  Edition,  the  supplemental  Matter  added  by  the  Bishop,  | 
and  which  has  hitherto  existed  in  a  Separate  Form,  has  been  in-  } 
corporated  into  the  History ;  admitted  Error  has  been  corrected, 
and  some  changes  and  additions  made." 

Corrie,  James,  M.D.  Vitality  of  the  Blood,  Lon., 
1791,  8vo. 

Corrie,  John.  Apology  for  the  diversity  of  religious 
sentiments,  1802,  8vo.  Reflections  on  Private  Judgment 
in  Religion ;  a  serni.,  1804,  8vo. 

Corrigan,  Andrew.  Theory  and  Practice  of  Modern 
Agriculture ;  to  which  is  added,  the  breeding  and  manage 
ment  of  sheep,  cattle,  pigs,  and  poultry,  with  some  remarks 
on  dairy-husbandry,  1853. 

"  This  small  work  is  truly  a  multum  in  parvo,  showing  a  very 
correct  knowledge  of  the  articles  described." — Donaldson's  Agricult. 
Bioff. 

Corry,  John.  Life  of  Washington,  Lon.,  1800, 12mo  ; 
of  A.  Berkeley,  1808,  12mo ;  of  Cowper,  1803,  12mo ;  of 
J.  Priestley,  1805,  8vo.  Tales,  1802,  12mo.  View  of  Lon 
don,  1799, 12mo.  Address,  1803,  12mo.  Novels,  1803,  Ac. 
The  Detector  of  Quackery,  or  Analysis  of  Medical,  Philo 
sophical,  Political,  Dramatic,  and  Literary  Imposture, 
1801,  8vo. 

Corry,  John.  Hist,  of  Bristol,  by  J.  C.  and  John 
Evans,  Bristol,  1816,  2  vols.  r.  8vo. 

"  Iu  little  estimation." — LOWNDKS. 

Corry,  Joseph.   Windward  Coast  of  Africa,  1807, 4to. 

Corse,  John.  Nat.  History :  see  Phil.  Trans.,  1799, 
1800. 

Corser,  William.     Fast  Serm.,  Lon.,  1793,  4to. 

Corwine,  Richard  M.  Digest  of  Cases  in  H.  C.  of 
E.  and  A.,  <fcc.  of  Mississippi,  Cincinnati,  1845,  8vo. 

"  The  material  of  this  volume  seems  to  have  been  carefully  col 
lected,  and  is  very  well  arranged." — Marvin's  Legal  JBibl. 

Cory,  E.  A.     Diseases  of  Children,  Lon.,  12mo. 

Cory,  Isaac  Preston.  Ancient  Fragments  of  vari 
ous  writers,  2d  ed.,  Lon.,  1832,  8vo.  Ancient  and  M.  Phi 
losophy,  12mo.  Inquiries,  12mo;  ditto,  12 mo.  Accounts, 
8vo.  Official  Accounts,  8vo. 

Cory,  Thomas.  Course  and  P.  of  C.  C.  Pleas,  1672,4to. 

Coryate,  or  Coryat,  George,  d.  1606,  educated  at, 
and  Fellow  of,  New  College,  Oxford;  Rector  of  Odcombe, 
1570 ;  Prebendary  of  York,  1594.  Poemata  varia  Latina, 
1611,  4to.  Descriptio  Angliae,  Scotise,  et  Hiberniae. 

"  He  was  a  person  much  commended  in  bis  time  for  his  fine 
fancy  in  Latin  poetry,  and  for  certain  matters  which  he  had  writ- 
ten." — Athen.  Oxon. 

Coryate,  or  Coryat,  Thomas,  1577-1617,  son  of 
the  preceding,  educated  at  Gloucester  Hall,  Oxford,  was 
celebrated  for  his  extended  pedestrian  excursions  over  a 
large  portion  of  the  Continent.  In  1608  he  travelled 
through  France,  Germany,  and  Italy,  walking  1975  miles,  | 
more  than  half  of  which  were  accomplished  in  one  pair  of 
shoes,  which  were  only  once  mended,  and  on  his  return 
were  hung  up  in  the  church  of  Odcombe.  Of  this  trip  he 
pub.  an  account  in  1611,  4to,  under  the  title  of  Coryat's 
Crudities  hastily  gobled  vp  in  five  months'  Trauells  in 
France,  &c.  Bib.  Anglo-Poet.,  113,  £15.  Repub.  in  1776, 
3  vols.  8vo. 

"  Which  book  was  then  usher'd  into  the  world  by  an  Odcombi- 
ant-Banquet,  consisting  of  near  60  copies  of  excellent  verses  made 
by  the  poets  of  that  time,  (which  did  very  much  advantage  the 
sale  of  the  book ;)  among  them  were  Ben  Jonson,  Sir  Jo.  Harring 
ton,"  etc. — Athen.  Oxon. 

"  His  book,  known  by  the  name  of  Coriat's  Crudities,  nauseous 
to  nice  readers,  for  the  rawness  thereof,  is  not  altogether  useless; 
though  the  porch  be  more  worth  than  the  palace :  I  mean,  the  pre- 
fece  of  other  men's  mock-commending  verses  thereon." 

This  collection  of  ironical  verses  presents  an  amusing 
specimen  of  the  taste  for  humour  of  many  of  the  greatest 
names  of  the  day.  Coryats  Crambe,  or  his  Colwort  twise 
sodden,  and  now  serued  in  with  other  Macaroni  eke  dishes, 
as  the  second  course  to  his  Crudities,  1611,  4to.  Bibl. 
Anglo-Poet.,  £10  10s.  Traveller  for  the  English  Wits, 
1616,  4to.  Mr.  Thomas  Coriat  to  his  Friends  in  England 
sendeth  greeting  from  Agra,  <fcc.,  in  the  Easterne  India, 
Oct.  16,  Lon.,  1618,  4to.  Some  of  his  pieces  will  be  found 
in  Purchas's  Pilgrimes.  In  1612  this  eccentric  genius 
gathered  the  citizens  around  him  at  the  cross  in  Odcombe, 
delivered  a  valedictory  oration,  and  left  his  country  for  a 
ten  years'  ramble.  But  half  the  assigned  limit  had  ex 
pired,  when  the  wanderer  was  called  to  depart  to  that 
"  undiscovered  country  from  whose  bourn  no  traveller  re 
turns."  He  died  at  Surat  in  1617,  after  explorations  in 
Greece,  Asia,  Egypt,  and  India.  Before  his  roaming  pro 
pensities  became  so  strongly  developed,  he  was  in  the  ser 
vice  of  Henry,  Prince  of  Wales,  and  seems  to  have  filled 
the  honourable  post  of  Court  Fool,  but  it  appears  that  he 
sometimes  displayed  more  wit  than  those  who  had  more 
reputation  for  wisdom. 

"  He  carried  folly  (which  the  charitable  called  merriment)  in  his 


very  face.  The  shape  of  his  head  had  no  promising  form,  being 
like  a  sugar-loaf  inverted,  with  the  little  end  before,  as  composed 
of  fancy  and  memory,  without  any  common  sense He  ac 
counted  those  men  guilty  of  superfluity,  who  had  more  suits  and 
shirts  than  bodies,  seldom  putting  off  either  till  they  were  ready 
to  go  away  from  him.  Prince  Henry  allowed  him  a  pension,  and 
kept  him  for  his  servant.  Sweet-meats  and  Coriat  made  up  the 
last  course  at  all  court  entertainments.  Indeed  he  was  the  cour 
tiers'  anvil  to  try  their  wits  upon :  and  sometimes  this  anvil  re 
turned  the  hammers  as  hard  knocks  as  it  received,  his  bluntness 
repaying  their  abusiveness." — Fuller's  Worthies. 

"The  distinguished  characteristic  of  Coryat's  mind  seems  to 
have  been  a  passion  for  travelling,  and  an  irrepressible  desire  to 
render  his  name  famous  by  his  peregrinations.  '  Of  all  the  plea 
sures  in  the  world,'  says  he,  '  travel  is  (in  my  opinion)  the  sweetest 
and  most  delightful.' " — Lon.  Retrosp.  Rev.,  1822,  vi.  206. 

"  He  was  a  man  of  a  very  coveting  eye,  that  could  never  be  sa 
tisfied  with  seeing,  tho'  he  had  seen  very  much,  and  yet  he 
took  as  much  content  in  seeing,  as  many  others  in  the  enjoying 
of  great  and  rare  things." — Athen.  Oxon.  See  also  Biog.  Brit.; 
Censura  Literaria ;  Bibl.  Anglo-Poet.;  Purchas's  Pilgrims. 

We  should  not  omit  to  mention  that  the  useful  thousand 
miles  shoes  which  Coryat  wore  in  his  first  travels  were  al 
lowed  to  hang  in  undisturbed  dignity  in  Odcombe  Church 
for  nearly  a  century.  About  1702  they  were  removed,  and 
where  they  are  now  preserved,  or  whether  preserved  at  all, 
is  more  than  we  can  say.  We  commend  the  subject  to  the 
early  attention  of  the  Society  of  Antiquaries. 

Coryat,  [Coriat,]  Junior.  Another  Traveller;  or 
Cursory  Remarks  and  Critical  Observations,  made  upon  a 
Journey  through  part  of  the  Netherlands,  in  the  latter 
part  of  the  year  1766,  Lon.,  1767,  3  vols.  12mo.  This  is 
the  production  of  the  celebrated  Samuel  Paterson,  the 
London  auctioneer. 

"  This  book  -was  an  imitation  of  Sterne,  and  not  of  Coriat,  whose 
name  Paterson  had  chosen  as  a  whimsical  one." — DR.  JOHNSON. 

But  Paterson  pub.  a  pamphlet  entitled  An  Appeal,  <fec., 
to  prove  that  his  work  was  written  before  the  appearance 
of  Sterne's  Sentimental  Journey. 

"  As  travels  we  are  in  conscience  bound  to  say,  that  we  cannot 
reckon  them  very  praiseworthy ;  they  do  not,  in  fact,  contain  above 
half  a  dozen  descriptions.  Nor  as  a  series  of  anecdotes  will  they 
stand  the  test;  the  number  of  these  not  being  great,  and  honest 
Paterson  not  being  the  very  best  narrator  of  a  story  we  have  met 
with." — Lon.  Retrosp.  Rev.,  1825,  xii.  290,  q.  v.  For  an  account  of 
Sam.  Paterson,  see  the  above,  and  Nichols's  Literary  Anecdotes. 

Corye,  John.  The  Generous  Enemies,  or  the  Ridi 
culous  Lovers,  a  Comedy,  Lon.,  1672,  4to. 

"  A  compilement  or  rather  plagiarism  from  other  authors." — 
LOWNDES. 

Corymbaeus, ».  e.  Richard  Brathwait. 

Coryton,  John.  A  Treatise  on  the  Law  of  Letters 
Patent  for  the  sole  use  of  Inventions  in  the  United  King 
dom  of  Great  Britain  and  Ireland,  including  the  practice 
connected  with  the  Grant;  to  which  is  added  a  Summary 
of  the  Patent  Laws  in  force  in  the  principal  foreign  States ; 
with  an  appendix  of  Statutes,  Rules,  Practical  Forms,  <fcc., 
Lon.,  1855,  8vo ;  Amer.  ed.,  with  notes  referring  to  Amer. 
Cases,  Phila.,  1855,  8vo. 

Cosbie,  Arnold.  Ultimum  Vale  to  the  Vaine  World, 
an  Elegie  written  by  himself  in  the  Marshalsea,  after  his 
condemnation  for  murthering  Lord  Brooke,  1591,  4to. 

Cosens,  John,  D.D.  The  Economy  of  Beauty;  in  a 
Series  of  Fables  addressed  to  the  Ladies,  1777, 4to.  Serms., 
Lon.,  1793,  2  vols.  8vo. 

"  The  style  of  these  sermons  is  vigorous,  animated,  and  well 
suited  to  popular  discourses." — Lon.  MontMy  Review. 

"  They  tend  to  promote  the  cause  of  piety  and  virtue,  and  may 
be  read  with  considerable  pleasure  and  edification." — Brit.  Critic. 

Cosh,  William.  The  Cause  of  the  Cooper,  Lon., 
1765,  4to. 

Cosin,  James.  Names  of  Roman  Catholics,  Nonju- 
rors,  and  others  who  refused  to  take,  the  Oath  in  George 
the  First's  time,  Lon.,  1745,  8vo. 

Cosin,  or  Cozen,  John,  D.D.,  1594-1672,  a  native 
of  Norwich,  educated  at,  and  Fellow  of,  Caius  College, 
Cambridge,  Master  of  Peterhouse,  Cambridge,  1638 ;  Dean 
of  Peterborough,  1640.  In  the  time  of  the  Commonwealth 
he  was  deprived  of  his  ecclesiastical  preferments,  and  re 
tired  to  Paris,  where  he  exercised  his  ministerial  functions 
greatly  to  the  advantage  of  the  Protestant  cause. 

"  Yea,  whilst  he  remained  in  France,  he  was  the  Atlas  of  the  Pro 
testant  religion,  supporting  the  same  with  his  piety  and  learning, 
confirming  the  wavering  therein,  yea,  adding  daily  proselytes  (not 
of  the  meanest  rank)  thereunto."— Fuller's  Worthies. 

At  the  Restoration  he  returned,  and  within  the  year  was 
raised  to  the  Bishopric  of  Durham.  A  Collection  of  Pri 
vate  Devotions  in  the  Practice  of  the  Ancient  Churches, 
called  the  House  of  Prayer,  Lon.,  1627,  8vo.  This  manual, 
said  to  have  been  compiled  at  the  request  of  Charles  I.,  or 
of  the  Countess  of  Denbigh,  was  a  chief  cause  of  the  trou 
bles  which  befell  the  worthy  doctor.  The  frontispiece — a 
cross,  angels,  <fcc. — especially,  aroused  the  ire  of  Prynne 


COS 


COT 


and  Burton.  The  Puritans  styled  the  collection  a  book  of 
Cozening  Devotions.  A  Scholastical  History  of  the  Canon 
of  Holy  Scriptures,  Lon.,  1657,  4to,  1672,  '83;  new  edit., 
1849,  vide  post. 

"This  work  contains  a  pretty  satisfactory  induction  of  the  evi 
dence  for  the  authenticity  of  the  Scriptures ;  and  of  the  different 
degrees  of  authority  or  respect  which  the  church  has  attached  to 
the  apocryphal  books.  It  has  long  been  completely  superseded  by 
the  more  extensive  and  accurate  works  of  Jones,  Lardner,  and 
Michaelis;  but  is  still  deserving  of  respect  for  the  service  which  it 
rendered  at  the  time."—  Orme's  Bibl.  Bib. 

Historia  Transubstant.  Papalis,  1675,  Svo;  in  English, 
1676,  8vo ;  new  edit.,  revised  with  a  Memoir  of  the  author, 
by  Rev.  J.  S.  Brewer,  Lon.,  1840,  12mo. 

"  A  most  substantial  treatise  against  transubstantiation." — DR. 
JOHN  DUREL. 

Notes  on  the  Book  of  Common  Prayer,  1710,  fol.  Dr. 
C.  pub.  some  other  treatises.  An  edit,  of  his  works,  now 
first  collected,  was  pub.  in  Oxford,  1843-45,  5  vols.  Svo; 
Lib.  of  Anglo-Cath.  Theology.  A  letter  of  Dr.  C.'s  upon 
the  Validity  of  the  orders  of  the  Foreign  Reformed  Churches, 
will  be  found  in  Two  Treatises  on  the  Church,  edited  by 
Rev.  Win.  Goode,  Lon.,  1843,  8vo. 

"One  whose  abilities,  quick  apprehension,  solid  judgment,  va 
riety  of  reading,  &c.  are  sufficiently  made  known  to  the  world  in 
his  learned  books,  whereby  he  hath  perpetuated  his  name  to  pos 
terity.  I  must  not  pass  over  his  constancy  in  his  religion,  which 
rendered  him  amiable  in  the  eyes  not  of  good  men  only,  but  of 
that  of  God,  with  whom  there  is  no  variableness*  nor  shadow  of 
changing.  It  must  be  confessed  that  a  sort  of  fond  people  surmised 
as  if  he  had  once  been  declining  to  the  popish  persuasion.  Thus 
the  dim-sighted  complain  of  the  darkness  of  the  room,  when,  alas, 
the  iault  is  in  their  own  eyes ;  and  the  lame,  of  the  unevenness  of 
the  floor,  when  indeed  it  lieth  in  their  unsound  legs." — Fuller's 
Worthies. 

Cosin,  Richard,  LL.D.,  Dean  of  the  Arches,  also 
Chancellor  of  the  diocese  of  Worcester  from  1579  until 
1598.  An  Answer  to  a  Libel  entitled  An  Abstract  of  Cer 
tain  Acts  of  Parliament,  Lon.,  1584,  4to.  Conspiracie  for 
pretended  Reformation,  viz.:  Preshyterial  Discipline  by 
Hacket,  Coppinger,  and  Arthington,  1592,  4to.  Apologie 
for  sundrie  Proceedings  by  Jurisdiction  Ecclesiasticall, 
1593,  4to.  Commended  as  "  a  learned  and  excellent  work." 
There  was  an  earlier  edit,  in  two  parts,  only  40  copies 
printed.  Carmina,  <fcc.,  1598,  4to.  Ecclesise  Anglicanse 
Politeia  in  Tabulas  digesta,  Lon.,  1604,  fol.;  Oxf.,  1634, 
fol. ;  with  preface  by  Allane,  1684,  fol.  Regni  Anglige  sub 
imperio  Reginae  Elizabethae  Religio  et  Gubernatio  Eccle- 
siastica,  aucta  et  emendata,  cura  Joannis  Cosini.  Gul. 
Wechet,  Editore,  Lon.,  1729,  4to. 

"  He  was  a  general  scholar,  geometrician,  musician,  physician, 
divine,  but  chiefly  civil  and  canon  lawyer.  ...  His  last  words 
were  these,  '  Farewell,  my  surviving  friends;  remember  your  mor 
tality  and  eternal  life.'  "—Fuller's  Worthies. 

Cossham,  J.  N.     Interest  Time  Tables,  1813,  12mo. 

Costa,  Emanuel  M.  Da.     See  DA  COSTA. 

Costard,  George,  1710-1782,  Fellow  and  Tutor  of 
Wadham  College,  Vicar  of  Twickenham,  1764.  Mr.  C. 
was  versed  in  astronomy,  and  famous  for  his  Oriental  learn 
ing,  and  thereby  acquired  the  title  of  Rabbi  Costard.  Ob 
servations  on  some  Psalms,  8vo.  Use  of  Astronomy,  1764, 
4to.  Hist,  of  Astronomy,  1767,  4to.  A  second  edit,  of  Hyde's 
Historia  Religionis  Veterum  Persarum  eorumque  Magorum, 
1760,  4to.  Con.  to  Phil.  Trans.,  1745,  '51,  '53,  '54,  '77. 

Observations  on  the  Book  of  Job,  1747,  8vo. 

"  Ingenious,  but  not  all  correct.  He  was  of  opinion  that  it  was 
not  older  than  the  time  of  the  Babylonish  captivity;  and  consi 
dered  it  a  piece  of  exalted  and  regular  Eastern  poetry,  of  the  dra 
matic  kind."— Orme's  Bibl.  Bib. 

Other  publications.  See  Biog.  Brit;  Bibl.  Brit;  Ni 
chols's  Literary  Anecdotes. 

Coste,  Peter.  Trans,  of  Montaigne's  Essays,  1759, 
3  vols.  8vo. 

" An  immense  treasure-house  of  observation,  anticipating  all 
the  discoveries  of  succeeding  essayists ;  you  cannot  open  him  with 
out  detecting  a  Spectator,  or  Rambler."— LEIGH  HUNT. 

Very  extravagant,  this,  Mr.  Leigh  Hunt ! 

Costeker.  The  Fine  Gentleman ;  or,  The  Education 
of  a  Young  Nobleman,  Lon.,  1732,  8vo. 

Cpstello,  Mrs.  The  Soldier's  Orphan;  a  Tale,  1809, 
3  vols.  12mo. 

"  Some  novels  have  no  character  at  all,  and  this  is  one  of  them. 
It  is  neither  remarkably  dull,  nor  particularly  lively ;  neither  per 
fectly  uninteresting,  nor  peculiarly  pleasing;  in  short,  neither 
commendable  nor  reprehensible."— ion.  Monthly  Review,  1809. 

Costello,  Dudley.  A  Tour  through  the  Valley  of 
the  Mouse,  Lon.,  1845,  p.  8vo. 

Costello,  Col.  Edward.  Adventures  of  a  Soldier, 
Lon.,  1841,  p.  8vo. 

"This  highly  interesting  volume  is  filled  with  details  and  anec 
dotes  of  the  most  sterling  character,  and  well  deserves  a  place  in 
the  library  of  every  regiment  in  the  service."— Naval  and  Militani 
Gazette. 

Costol  lo, Louisa  Stuart, one  of  the  most  voluminous 
432 


and  most  popular  writers  of  the  day.     Specimens  of  the 
Early  Poetry  of  France,  Lon.,  1835,  8vo. 

"We  warmly  recommend  Miss  Costello's  very  elegant  little  work." 
— Lon.  Athenaeum. 

Summer  amongst  the  Bocages  and  Vines,1840,  2  vols.  8vo. 

"These  volumes  are  written  with  true  gusto:  they  sparkle  over 
with  sketches  of  romantic  scenery,  outlines  of  antique  places,  his 
torical  legends,  local  traditions,  &c." — Lon.  Atlas. 

"  Most  agreeable  volumes." — Lon.  Quar.  Review. 

The  Queen  Mother,  a  Romance,  3  vols.  p.  8vo.  A  Pil 
grimage  to  Auvergne,  1842,  2  vols.  8vo. 

"  Two  more  delightful  volumes  have  not  proceeded  from  the  pen 
of  the  tourist."— John  Bull. 

Memoirs  of  Eminent  Englishwomen,  1844,  4  vols.  8vo. 
The  reader  will  here  find  37  biographies. 

The  Rose  Garden  of  Persia;  trans,  from  the  Persian 
Poets,  1845,  8vo. 

"  She  has  by  this  remarkable  volume  of  specimens  at  once  won 
her  way  into  the  foremost  rank  of  modern  poets." — Lon.  M.  Chron. 

The  Falls,  Lakes,  and  Mountains  of  N.  Wales,  1845,  8vo. 

"  It  is  gratifying  to  find  that  she  has  brought  her  exquisite  sense 
of  the  picturesque,  and  vivid  appreciation  of  local  historical  asso 
ciation,  always  simple  and  unpretending  in  their  enunciation,  to 
bear  upon  a  portion  of  Great  Britain." — Ainsworth's  Magazine. 

A  Tour  to  and  from  Venice,  1846,  8vo. 

"  A  pleasanter  book  for  travellers  bound  to  the  north  of  Italy  it 
would  be  difficult  to  find." — Oxford  and  Cambridge  Review. 

Jacques  Coeur,  the  French  Argonaut,  and  His  Times, 
1847,  8vo.  Miss  C.  has  also  pub.  Beam  and  the  Pyrenees, 
1844,  2  vols.  8vo ;  Catherine  de  Medicis,  1848,  p.  12mo,  and 
p.  8vo;  Clara  Fane,  1848,  3  vols.  p.  8vo;  Gabrielle,  1843, 
3  vols.  p.  8vo ;  and  Songs  of  a  Stranger,  Svo.  We  express 
the  wish  of  many,  when  we  record  the  desire  that  Miss 
Costello  may  long  continue  to  delight  and  instruct  a  public 
whom  she  has  made  so  familiar  with  her  merits. 

Coster,  Robert.  A  Mite  cast  into  the  common  Trea 
sury,  1649,  4to. 

Costigan,  Capt.  A.  W.  Sketches  of  Society  and 
Manners  in  Portugal,  Lon.,  1788,  2  vols.  Svo. 

"  Very  good  pictures  of  Portuguese  life  and  manners,  though,  in 
many  instances,  the  portraiture  seems  considerably  over-charged — 
the  outline  caricatured — and  the  colouring  too  much  heightened  " 
—Lon.  Monthly  Rev.,  1789. 

Costill,  O.  H.  Practical  Treatise  on  Poisons,  their 
Symptoms,  Antidotes,  and  Mode  of  Treatment,Phila.,18mo. 

Cosway,  Mrs.  Mary,  d.  1804,  a  miniature  painter  of 
great  reputation,  projected  and  partially  prepared  a  collec 
tion  of  copies  of  paintings  in  the  Musee  Francaise,  accom 
panied  with  historical  notices.  In  consequence  of  the  loss 
of  a  child,  she  abandoned  her  design,  and  retired  to  a  nun 
nery  near  Lyons.  See  Woman's  Record. 

Cotes.     Sketches  of  Truth,  1803,  3  vols.  12mo. 

Cotes,  Charles.     Oratio,  &c.,  Harveiana,  1746,  4to. 

Cotes,  Digby.     See  COATES. 

Cotes,  Henry.  Serms.,  1805,  '13;  ditto,  from  Beau- 
sobre,  1822,  Svo. 

"  A  paraphrase,  rather  than  a  translation." — Preface. 

Cotes,  J.     Surveyor's  Guide,  1806,  Svo. 

Cotes,  Roger,  1682-1716,  an  eminent  mathematician 
and  astronomer,  a  native  of  Burbage,  Leicestershire,  was 
educated  at  Trinity  College,  Cambridge,  Fellow,  1705 ;  Plu- 
mian  Prof,  of  Astronomy,  1706.  In  1713  he  took  orders, 
and  in  the  same  year,  at  the  desire  of  Dr.  Bentley,  he  pub. 
at  Cambridge  the  second  edit  of  Sir  Isaac  Newton's  Ma- 
thematica  Principia,  &c.,  with  the  author's  improvements, 
and  a  preface  of  his  own,  which  has  been  greatly  admired. 
A  number  of  his  works  were  pub.  after  his  death.  Har- 
monia  Mensurarum,  pub.  by  Dr.  Smith,  1722,  Camb.,  4to. 
Opera  Miscellanea,  Camb.,  1722,  4to.  Theoremata,  <fec., 
Camb.,  1722,  4to.  Extracts  from  his  Lectures,  4to.  Com 
pendium  of  Arithmetic;  in  English,  pub.  by  Dr.  Smith, 
1737,  8vo.  Account  of  a  great  Meteor  which  appeared  in 
1715,  Phil.  Trans.,  1720.  Hydros,  and  Pneumat  Lectures, 
pub.  with  notes  by  Dr.  Smith,  1738,  Svo.  Cotes  was  emi 
nently  versed  in  mathematics,  metaphysics,  philosophy, 
and  divinity.  Those  not  conversant  with  the  scientific  his 
tory  of  the  period  would  consider  us  extravagant  in  rank 
ing  Cotes  as  the  equal  of  any  philosopher  whom  England 
has  hitherto  produced.  That  Sir  Isaac  Newton  considered 
himself  as  inferior  to  the  editor  of  his  Principia,  we  have 
good  reason  to  believe.  We  must  not,  however,  forget  to 
make  proper  allowance  for  the  remarkable  humility  of  this 
wonderful  genius:  a  humility  to  which  we  find  a  striking 
counterpart  in  the  character  of  a  celebrated  personage, 
equally  distinguished,  though  in  a  far  different  sphere, — 
the  illustrious  Edmund  Burke.  The  great  Dr.  Bentley 

"  Never  mentioned  Cotes  but  with  the  highest  regret,  [he  died  at 
the  age  of  35 :]  he  had  formed  the  highest  expectations  of  new 
lights  and  discoveries  in  Philosophy  from  the  penetrating  force  of 
his  extraordinary  genius ;  and  on  the  tablet  devoted  to  his  memory 
in  the  chapel  of  Trinity  College,  has  recorded  his  sorrows,  and  those 


COT 


COT 


of  the  whole  learned  world,  in  the  following  beautiful  and  pathetic 
epitaph : 

H.  S.  E. 

Rogerus  Robertis  films  Cotes, 

Collegii  hujus  S.  Trinitatis  Socius, 

Astronomise  et  Experimentalis  Philosophise : 

Professor  Pluinianus. 

Qui 

immaturS,  morte  praereptus, 
panca  quidem  ingenii  sui  pignora  reliquit, 

sed  egregia,  sed  admiranda, 

ex  inaccessis  Matheseos  penetralibus 

felici  solertia  cum  primum  ertua. 

Post  magnum  ilium  Newtonum 

Societatis  hujus  spes  a  Item 

et  decus  gemellum 
Cui  ad  summam  doctrime  laudem." 

See  Nichols's  Literary  Anecdotes,  li.  128. 
Sir  Isaac  Newton  mourned  the  loss  of  a  great  philosopher 
in  Cotes,  and  would  exclaim  when  referring  to  his  early 
death — "  If  Cotes  had  lived,  we  had  known  something." 

Cotes,  William.  Short  Questions  betwene  the  Father 
and  the  Sonne,  Lon.,  1585,  8vo. 

Cotgrave,  John.  The  English  Treasury  of  Wit  and 
Language,  collected  out  of  the  best  Dramatick  Poems; 
methodically  digested  into  common  places  for  generall  use, 
Lon.,  1665,  8vo.  Bibl.  Anglo-Poet.,  168,  £3  3s. 

"  Thou  mayst  not  reasonably  expect  the  abstracted  Quintessence 
of  betwixt  three  and  foure  hundred  Poems  in  this  small  com  passe, 
(which  yet  may  be  large  enough  for  an  essay,)  for  I  find  that  an  ab 
solute  impossibility.  But  I  can  assure  thee,  that  what  is  herein 
couched,  is  a  great  part  of  the  best,  and  generally  taken  out  of  the 
best." — Address  to  the  Reader. 

Wit's  Interpreter,  or  the  English  Parnassus,  1655,  8vo. 

Cotgrave,  Randle.  French  and  English  Dictionary, 
with  another  by  R.  Sherwood;  edit,  by  J.  Howell,  Lon., 
1673,  fol.  To  those  who  read  the  old  French  writers,  or 
wish  to  compare  the  changes  in  language,  this  is  a  valuable 
book. 

"It  is  a  rich  storehouse  of  old  French,  and  English  also." — 
TODD. 

Cotman,  John  Sell,  1780-1843,  b.  at  Norwich.  Archi 
tectural  Antiquities  of  Normandy,  Lon.,  1820,  '21,  with  Hist, 
and  Descrip.  Notices  by  Dawson  Turner,  super-roy.  fol. 

"  A  highly  valuable  and  faithful  delineation  of  hitherto  inedited 
monuments." — Lon.  Quar.  Review. 

Miscellaneous  Etchings,  super-roy.  fol.,  1812.  Architect. 
Antiq.  of  Norfolk,  1812-17,  imp.  fol.  Sepulchral  Brasses 
in  Norfolk,  1819,  roy.  4to;  new  edit.,  greatly  enlarged,  2 
vols.  imp.  4to. 

"  A  work  highly  interesting  to  the  Antiquary  and  the  man  of 
taste,  as  throwing  much  light  on  the  early  history  of  this  country ; 
and  bearing  an  equal  degree  of  artistical  merit  with  the '  Antiquities 
of  Norfolk'  by  the  same  artist."— General  Hist,  of  Norfolk. 

"  Cotman's  work  on  Sepulchral  Brasses  is  by  far  the  most  im 
portant  publication  on  the  subject." — DAWSON  TURNER. 

Liber  Studiorum,  1838,  imp.  fol.  Illustrations  of  Dr. 
Dibdin's  Bibliographical  Tour  in  France  and  Normandy, 
by  J.  S.  C.  and  Mrs.  D.  Turner,  imp.  8vo.  Architect,  and 
Picturesque  Remains  in  various  Counties  of  England,  but 
chiefly  in  Norfolk.  With  descriptions  by  Thomas  Rick- 
man.  Other  publications  of  a  similar  character.  See  H. 
G.  Bonn's  Cat,,  1841. 

"  His  Etchings  have  all  the  richness  and  vigour  of  the  best  artists 
of  the  old  School,  and  are  highly  prized  by  all  who  are  capable  of 
appreciating  them." — Lon.  Quar.  Review. 

Cotta,  John.     Medicine  and  Witchcraft,  1612-25. 

Cotter,  George  Sackville.    Poems,  Cork,  1790, 8vo. 

Cotter,  John  R.     Gospels  of  Matt,  and  Mark,  para 
phrased,  Lon.,  2d  ed.,  1840,  12mo.     Treatises,  Ac.  for  the 
Times,  Lon.,  1849,  12mo.    Mass  and  Rubrics  of  the  R.  C. 
Church,  trans,  into  English,  1845,  12mo. 
.     "  A  very  exact  version  in  our  own  language." 

Cotterel,  Sir  Charles,  Master  of  the  Requests  to 
Charles  II.  Cassandra,  trans,  from  the  French  of  La  Cal- 
prene'de,  Lon.,  1735,  5  vols.  12mo. 

"  The  most  famous  of  the  Heroical  Romances,  from  which  Rous 
seau  (a  great  reader  of  them)  has  taken  some  of  the  affecting  inci 
dents  in  the  New  Heloise." — DCNLOP. 

Historic  of  the  Civill  Warres  of  France,  trans,  from  the 
Italian  of  Davila,  by  C.  C.  and  Wm.  Aylesbury,  1647,  fol.  : 
2d  ed.,  1678,  fol. 

"  A  noble  historian,  equal  to  Livy." — LORD  BOTJNGBROKE. 

«  The  History  of  the  Civil  Wars  from  1559  to  1598  displays  pro 
found  knowledge  of  times,  characters,  intrigues,  &c." — SISMONDI. 

Cotterill,  T.  Speech  before  the  Bible  Society,  1813, 
8vo. 

Cottesford,  S.    Against  Traitors,  1591.     Serm.,  1622. 

Cottingham,  John.     Serms.,  Ac.,  1784-1807. 

Cottingham,  L.  IV.    Architectural  works,  1822-24. 

Cottle,  Amos  Simon,  d.  1800,  was  educated  at  Mag 
dalen  College,  Cambridge.     Icelandic  Poetry,  or  the  Edda  j 
of  Shemend,  trans,  into  English  Verse,  Lon.,  1797,  Svo.  i 
Other  poetical  compositions.     Both  Amos  and  Joseph  Cot-  i 
23 


tie  were  roughly  handled  by  a  very  foolish  young  man, 
smarting  under  a  deserved  rebuke : 

"  Oh !  AMOS  COTTLE,  Phoebus ! — what  a  name 
To  fill  the  speaking  trump  of  future  fame! 
Oh !  AMOS  COTTLB  !  for  a  moment  think 
What  meagre  profits  spread  from  pen  and  ink!" 

Byron's  Eng.  Bards  and  S.  Reviewers. 

Yet  Amos  was  a  favourite  with  the  terrible  Monthly  Re 
viewers  : 

"  His  Icelandic,  like  his  other  poetry,  is  versified  often  with  vi 
gour,  and  always  with  neatness,  with  grace,  and  with  euphony. 
Of  Mr.  Cottle's  poetical  talents  we  have  repeatedly  spoken  with 
approbation."— Monthly  Review,  1798,  381. 

Cottle,  John.  New  Version  of  the  Psalms,  Lon., 
1802, 12mo.  The  author  states  that  he  has  omitted,  trans 
posed,  and  paraphrased,  as  the  occasion  seemed  to  require. 

Cottle,  Joseph,  d.  1853,  in  his  84th  year.     Poems, 
1795, 12mo.     Malvern  Hills,  a  Poem,  1798, 4to.     John  the 
Baptist,  a  Poem,  1801,  Svo.     Alfred,  an  Epic  Poem,  1801, 
4to;  1804,  2  vols.  12mo,  and  1816.     Selection  of  Poems  for 
Young  Persons,  1805,  '15,  12mo.     The  Fall  of  Cambria,  a 
Poem,  1809,  '11,  2  vols.  Svo.     Other  publications.     Early 
Recollections  of  Coleridge,  1837,  2  vols.  8vo.     Mr.  C.  was 
in  early  life  a  bookseller,  but  relinquished  that  business  in 
1798,  shortly  after  publishing  the  Lyrical  Ballads  of  Cole 
ridge.     He  pub.  in  1796  Coleridge's  first  vol.  of  Poems. 
See  Coleridge's  Letter  to  him  in  Gent.  Mag.,  Aug.  1853. 
"Boeotian  Cottle,  rich  Bristowa's  boast, 
Imports  old  stories  from  the  Cambrian  Coast, 
And  sonds  Mis  goods  to  market — all  alive! 
Lines  forty  thousand,  Cantos  twenty-five." 

Byron's  Eng.  Bards  and  S.  Reviewers. 

Well  had  it  been  for  Byron  had  he  been  as  good  a  man 
as  "  Boeotian  Cottle."  He  may  have  been  a  bad  poet,  but 
he  was — that  rarer  character — a  good  friend.  To  both 
Coleridge  and  Southey  he  extended  the  hand  of  kindness, 
when  kindness  was  the  most  needed : 

"  If  my  poems  should  ever  acquire  a  name  and  character,  it 
might  be  said  the  world  owed  them  to  you.  Had  it  not  been  for 
you,  none  perhaps  of  them  would  have  been  published,  and  some 
not  written.  Your  obliged  and  ever  affectionate  friend, 

S.  T.  COLERIDGE  -."Letter  to  Cottle,  April  15, 1798. 

"  Do  you  suppose,  Cottle,  that  I  have  forgotten  those  true  and 
most  essential  acts  of  friendship  which  you  showed  me  when  I 
stood  most  in  need  of  them  ?  Your  house  was  my  house  when  I 
had  no  other.  .  .  .  Sure  I  am,  there  never  was  a  more  generous  or 
a  kinder  heart  than  yours;  and  you  will  believe  me  when  I  add 
that  there  does  not  live  that  man  upon  earth  whom  I  remember 
with  more  gratitude  and  affection.  .  .  .  Good  night !  my  dear  old 
friend  and  benefactor."— ROBERT  SOUTHEY  -."Letter  to  Cottle.,  AprilX). 
1808. 

Commend  us  to  that  noble-hearted  man  who  in  the  day 
of  his  prosperity  is  not  ashamed  to  acknowledge  the  bene 
factions  received  in  the  dark  hours 

"  When  friends  were  few  and  fortune  frowned!" 

In  the  letter  quoted  above,  (the  reader  must  devour  the 
whole  of  it;  see  Southey's  Life  and  Correspondence,) 
Southey,  to  his  lasting  honour,  tells  his  friend, 

"  You  are  in  the  habit  of  preserving  your  letters,  and  if  you 
were  not,  I  would  entreat  you  to  preserve  this,  that  it  might  be 
seen  hereafter." 

The  reader  will  now  understand  that  our  transcriptions 
have  been  made  from  a  sense  of  duty  (accompanied  with 
much  pleasure)  to  both  writer  and  recipient. 

In  the  same  generous  spirit  he  writes  to  John  May  : 

"  You  ought  to  become  acquainted  with  my  old  friend  Joseph 
Cottle,  the  best-hearted  of  men.  .  .  .  Become  acquainted  with  one 
who  has  a  larger  portion  of  original  goodness  than  falls  to  the  lot 
of  most  men."— Sept.  15, 1827. 

"  Cottle  published  my  Joan  of  Arc  in  1796,  and  there  are  very 
few  who  entertain  a  warmer  regard  for  me  than  he  has  done  from 
that  time."— Letter  to  Charles  Swain,  Oct.  27, 1836. 

We  trust  we  have  no  reader  who  will  complain  of  the 
length  of  this  article,  consecrated  to  two  of  the  noblest 
feelings  of  the  human  breast — to  Friendship  and  Grati 
tude! 

"  If  such  there  breathe,  go  mark  him  well, 
For  him  no  Minstrel  raptures  swell." 

Cotton,  Bartholomew  de,  Monk  of  Norwich.  An- 
nales  Ecclesiae  Norwicensis,  1042-1295,  et  Historia  de 
Episcopis  Norw.,  ad  an.  1299.  Accedunt  continuatio  his- 
toriae  ad  an.  1446,  et  successio  Episcoporum  et  priorum 
Vide  Wharton,  Anglia  Sacra,  1691. 

Cotton,  Charles,  1630-1687,  educated  at  Cambridge, 
obtained  considerable  celebrity  as  a  humorous  poet  and 
translator.  See  a  list  of  his  publications  in  Watt's  Bibl. 
Brit.  We  notice  a  few :  Devaix's  Philos.  of  the  Stoics, 
1664.  A  Voyage  to  Ireland.  Virgil  Travestie,  1664-67, 
and  '92,  3  vols.  Svo.  Some  of  Lucian's  Dialogues  in  Eng 
lish  Fustian,  1675,  Svo. 

^"  Nothing  can  be  more  vulgar,  disgusting,  or  licentious,  than 
his  parodies  on  Virgil  and  Lucian.  That  they  should  have  been 
so  often  reprinted,  marks  the  slow  progress  of  the  refinement  of 
public  taste  during  the  greater  part  of  the  eighteenth  century." 


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The  Wonders  of  the  Peake,  1681,  Svo.  Genuine  Works, 
1715,  Svo.  Trans,  of  Montaigne's  Essays,  1759,  3  vols. 
Svo.  Poems,  1689,  Svo.  Poetical  Works,  1765,  12mo; 
6th  ed.,  1771,  12mo. 

Cotton  is  best  known  by  his  addition  to  his  adopted 
father's  (Izaak  Walton)  Complete  Angler.  This  treatise — 
How  to  angle  for  a  Trout  or  Grayling  in  a  clear  stream — 
was  written  in  ten  days.  It  is  often  found  bound  up  in 
the  3d  and  4th  edits,  of  the  Complete  Angler,  and  was  re 
printed  with  every  subsequent  edit.  See  an  account  of 
their  Fish  House,  Ac.  on  the  river  Dove,  in  Biog.  Brit. 

"It  is  of  stone,  and  the  room  on  the  inside  a  cube  of  about 
fifteen  feet:  it  is  paved  with  black  and  white  marble.  ...  In  th« 
farther  corner,  on  the  left,  is  a  fire-place,  with  a  chimney;  and  on 
the  right,  a  large  beaufet  with  folding-doors,  wherein  are  the  por 
traits  of  Mr.  Cotton,  with  a  boy-servant,  and  Walton,  in  the  dress 
of  the  time :  underneath  is  a  cupboard,  on  the  door  whereof  the 
figures  of  a  trout,  and  also  of  a  grayling,  are  well  pourtrayed.  .  . . 
Over  the  door  the  initial  letters  of  his  own  name  and  Isaac  Wal 
ton's  were  placed  together  in  a  cypher." — Note  to  the  Compl.  Angler, 
21st  edit,  1784. 

Cotton,  Clement.  Mirror  of  Mnrtyrs,  Lon.,  1631, 
Svo.  Convert's  Catechism,  1616,  Svo.  Concordance  to  the 
Bible,  1631,  '33,  fol.;  enlarged,  Ac.  by  Samuel  Newman, 
1643.  Way  of  Life,  1641,  4to. 

Cotton,  Edward.     Loadstone;  Phil.  Trans.,  1667. 

Cotton,  G.  E.  L.,  D.D.,  Lord-Bishop  of  Calcutta 
and  Metropolitan  of  India.  1.  Doctrine  and  Practice  of 
Christianity;  3d  ed.,  Lon.,  1853,  ISmo.  2.  Short  Prayers 
for  Public  Schools ;  5th  ed.,  1854,  18mo.  3.  Seven  Serms., 
1S55,  fp.  Svo.  4.  Serms.,  1S58,  cr.  Svo. 

Cotton,  Henry,  D.C.L.,  Archdeacon  of  Cashel.  List  of 
Edits,  of  the  Bible  and  Parts  thereof  in  English,  1505-1820, 
«fcc.,  Lon.,1821,  Svo ;  2d  ed.,  enlarged,1852,8vo.  See  LEWIS,  J. 

"  Evidently  the  result  of  deep  research,  and  drawn  up  with  great 
care." — Hornets  Introduction. 

"  Tory  complete.  .  .  .  The  most  valuable  part  is  the  Appendix, 
in  which  Mr.  Cotton  gives  specimens  of  all  the  early  translations 
of  the  Scriptures  into  English;  besides  accurate  descriptions  of  the 
several  scarce  editions.  The  author  has  availed  himself  of  the 
previous  labours  of  Lewis,  Ducarel,  (or  rather  Tutet,)  and  Gifford,  j 
Crutwell,  and  Newcome." — Orme's  Bibl.  Bib. 

"  This  and  Lewis's  Hist,  of  Eng.  Trans,  give  the  fullest  accounts 
rf  the  points  on  which  they  treat."— Biclcerstfth' s  Christian  Student. 

The  Typographical  Gazetteer,  Oxf.,  1825,  Svo ;  2d  ed.,  • 
enlarged,  1831.  Mem.  of  a  French  trans,  of  the  N.  Testa 
ment,  Lon.,  1827,  Svo. 

"  Dr.  Kidder's  pamphlet  having  become  extremely  rare,  Dr.  Cot 
ton  has  rendered  a  valuable  service  to  the  Protestant  cause  by  re 
printing  it,  with  some  corrective  notes;  and  he  has  prefixed  an 
interesting  bibliographical  memoir  on  the  Bordeaux  New  Testa 
ment." — Home's  Introduction. 

The  Five  Books  of  Maccabees  in  English,  with  Notes  and 
Illustrations,  Oxf.,  1832,  Svo. 

"Dr.  Cotton  has  for  tbo  first  time  given  an  English  translation 
of  what  are  called  the  fourth  and  fifth  books;  and  he  successfully 
adapted  the  style  and  language  of  his  version  to  those  of  the  pre 
ceding  books,  as  closely  as  was  consistent  with  a  careful  adherence 
to  the  original."— Ibid. 

A  Short  Explan.  of  Obsolete  Words  in  our  Version  of  the 
Bible,  &c.,  Oxf.,  1S32, 12mo.  Fasti  Ecclesiee  Hibernicge :  The 
Succession  of  the  Prelates  and  Members  of  the  Cathedral 
Bodies  in  Ireland,  Dubl.,  1845-50,  4  vols.  Svo.  Rhemes  and 
Doway :  An  Attempt  to  Shew  what  has  been  done  by  R. 
Catholics  for  the  Diffusion  of  the  Holy  Scriptures  in  Eng 
lish,  Oxf.,  1855,  Svo. 

"A  most  valuable  contribution  to  Biblical  bibliography."— T.  H. 
HORNE,  D.D.,  in  a  letter  to  the  author  of  this  Dictionary,  Atifj.  31, 1858. 

Cotton,  J.  D.     Lachrymse  Elegiacse,  &c.,  1765,  4to. 

Cotton,  John,  1585-1652,  a  native  of  Derby,  Eng 
land,  educated  at  Trinity  and  Emanuel  College,  Cambridge, 
became  in  his  28th  year  minister  of  Boston  in  Lincoln 
shire.  Having  adopted  the  principles  of  the  Puritans,  he 
emigrated  to  Boston,  Mass.,  and  spent  the  rest  of  his  days 
in  America.  He  was  eminent  for  profound  learning  and 
devoted  piety.  He  pub.  many  theological  works,  the  most 
celebrated  of  which  were  in  defence  of  the  interference  of 
the  civil  power  in  support  of  the  truth.  In  this  position 
he  found  a  powerful  antagonist  in  Roger  Williams.  Cot 
ton  s  Letter  concerning  the  power  of  the  Magistrate  in 
matters  of  Religion  was  answered  by  W.  in  1644,  in  The 
Bloody  Tenet  of  Persecution  for  the  cause  of  conscience. 
This  elicited  Cotton's  Bloody  Tenet  washed  and  made 

r*8£  mJhe?^od  °f  the  Lamb>  164?-  Williams  rejoined 
in  The  Bloody  Tenet  yet  more  bloody  by  Mr.  Cotton's  en 
deavour  to  wash  it  white  in  the  Blood  of  the  Lamb,  1652. 
A  Discourse  about  Civil  Government  in  a  New  Plantation 
Ac.,  was  pub.  in  Camb.,  1663,  sm.  4to,  under  Cotton's  name 
but  it  was  really  the  production  of  John  Davenport  of 
New  Haven  Colony.  This  book  is  so  rare,  that  a  copy  in 
sheets  sold  in  New  York  in  1847  for  $14  50.  Cotton's 
youngest  daughter  married  Increase  Mather.  See  Mather's 


Magnalia;  Norton  and  Mather's  Life  of  Cotton;  Neal's 
N.  E.;  Hutchinson;  Winthrop;  Mass.  Hist.  Coll.;  Allen's 
Amer.  Biog.  Diet. 

Cotton,  John,  1640-1699,  minister  at  Plymouth, 
Mass.,  son  of  the  preceding,  revised  and  corrected  Eliot's 
Indian  Bible,  printed  at  Cambridge  in  1685. 

Cotton,  John,  d.  1757,  in  the  64th  year  of  his  age, 
minister  of  Newton,  Mass.,  great-grandson  of  the  first- 
named  John  Cotton.  Serms.,  1728,  '29,  '34,  '39,  '53. 

Cotton,  John,  d.  1789,  aged  77,  first  minister  of 
Halifax,  Mass.,  great-grandson  of  the  first-named  John 
Cotton.  Two  Serms.,  1757.  Baptism.  Hist,  of  Plymouth 
Church. 

Cotton,  Jo  si  ah,  1680-1756,  father  of  the  preceding, 
compiled  and  left  in  MS.  a  copious  English  and  Indian 
Vocabulary.  He  had  four  sons  who  were  ministers. 

Cotton,  Nathaniel,  1707-1788,  an  English  physi 
cian  and  poet,  was  noted  for  his  skill  in  the  treatment  of 
insanity,  and  had  a  private  establishment  for  lunatics. 
Obs.  on  Scarlet  Fever,  Lon.,  1749,  Svo.  Visions  in  Verse, 
1751,  '64.  Works  in  Prose  and  Verse,  1791,  2  vols.  12mo. 
Marriage,  a  Vision ;  being  an  addit.  to  J.  Macgowen  on 
Marriage,  1811,  Svo. 

"'He  is  truly  a  philosopher,  according  to  my  judgment  of  the 
character,  every  tittle  of  his  knowledge  in  natural  subjects  being 
connected  in  his  mind  with  the  firm  belief  in  an  omnipotent  agent." 
— COWPER;  who  had  been  Dr.  C.'s  patient. 

Cotton,  R.  P.,  M.D.  On  Consumption :  its  Nature, 
Symptoms,  and  Treatment.  To  which  Essay  was  awarded 
the  Fothergillian  Gold  Medal  of  the  Medical  Society  of 
London,  Lon.,  1852,  Svo. 

"  Notwithstanding  the  hackneyed  nature  of  the  subject,  and 
the  multitude  of  works  which  have  appeared  upon  phthisis,  the 
present  work  is  of  very  considerable  interest,  from  the  clear  and 
simple  manner  in  which  it  is  arranged,  and  from  the  use  made  by 
the  author  of  the  ample  materials  placed  at  his  disposal  at  the 
Brompton  Hospital." — Medical  Times. 

Phthisis  and  the  Stethoscope  :  a  concise  Practical  Guide 
to  the  Physical  Diagnosis  of  Consumption,  1851,  fp.  Svo. 

Cotton,  Richard  Lynch,  D.D.  Provost  of  Wor 
cester  College,  Oxford,  formerly  Vicar  of  Denchworth. 
The  Way  of  Salvation,  a  series  of  Serms.,  Oxf.,  1837,  Svo. 

Cotton,  Sir  Robert  Bruce,  1570-1631,  an  emi 
nent  antiquary,  a  native  of  Denton,  Huntingdonshire,  but 
a  descendant  of  Robert  Bruce,  was  educated  at  Trinity 
College,  Cambridge.  He  was  created  a  knight  upon  the 
accession  of  James  I.,  and  was  highly  esteemed  by  the 
king  and  principal  statesmen,  who  often  solicited  his  ad 
vice.  In  1629  he  was  arrested  and  confined  in  the  Tower, 
in  consequence  of  a  manuscript,  which  proposed  a  plan  by 
which  the  king  could  enslave  his  subjects,  being  traced  to 
his  library.  It  was  the  production  of  Sir  Robert  Dudley, 
and  Sir  Robert  Cotton  seems  to  have  been  unconscious  even 
of  its  possession.  Upon  his  innocence  being  made  ap 
parent,  he  was  released,  and  his  liberty  restored  to  him. 
This  was  a  severe  blow  to  the  excellent  man,  and  he  never 
regained  his  strength  of  body  or  cheerfulness  of  mind. 

"  When  I  went  several  times  to  visit  and  comfort  him  in  the  year 
1630,  he  would  tell  me  '  they  had  broken  his  heart  that  had  locked 
up  his  library  from  him.'  He  was  so  outworn,  within  a  few  months, 
with  anguish  and  grief,  as  his  face,  which  had  been  formerly  ruddy 
and  well  coloured,  (such  as  the  picture  I  have  of  him  shows,)  was 
wholly  changed  into  a  grim  blackish  paleness,  near  to  the  resem 
blance  and  hue  of  a  dead  visage." — SIR  STMONDS  D'EWES. 

He  died  of  a  fever  at  Westminster  in  the  next  year. 
His  noble  library,  the  fruit  of  many  years'  collections,  re 
ceived  augmentations  from  his  son  and  grandson,  and  was 
deposited  in  the  British  Museum  in  1753.  It  had  suffered 
severely  from  a  fire  in  1731.  Its  inestimable  value  is  too 
well  known  to  require  any  enlargement  upon  the  subject. 
Sir  Robert  wrote  many  historical,  antiquarian,  and  poli 
tical  treatises.  For  a  particular  account  of  them,  see  re 
ferences  below.  We  notice  a  few :  Life  and  Raigne  of 
Henry  III.  of  England,  1627,  4to.  A  Treatise  against 
Recusants,  in  Defence  of  the  Oath  of  Allegiance,  1641,  4to. 
Warrs  with  Foreign  Princes  dangerous  to  our  Common 
wealth,  1657,  Svo.  Abridgt.  of  the  Records  (Rolls  of  Par 
liament)  in  the  Tower,  with  addits.  by  Wm.  Prynne,  1657, 
2  vols.  fol.  Narrative  of  Count  Gondomar's  Transactions 
during  his  Embassy  to  England,  1659,  4to.  The  King's 
Revenue.  Discourse  of  Foreign  War,  1690,  Svo.  Many 
of  his  Pieces  will  be  found  in  Hearne's  Discourses,  and 
also  in  Cottoni  Posthuma:  Divers  choice  Pieces  of  that 
renowned  Antiquary,  Sir  Robert  Cotton,  by  J.  (ames) 
H.  (owell,)  Lon.,  1651,  '72,  '79,  Svo.  Also  refer  to  Biog. 
Brit. ;  Watt's  Bibl.  Brit. ;  Lowndes's  Bibl.  Manual ;  Pref. 
to  Planta's  Cottonian  Cat,  1S02,  fol.;  Life  prefixed  to  Dr. 
Smith's  Cat.,  1696;  Nichols's  Leicestershire;  Hist,  of 
Hinckley;  Life  of  Bowyer;  Bridgman's  Legal  Bibl.;  Gent. 
Mag.,  1767;  Chalmers's  Biog.  Diet. ;  Cunningham's  Biog. 


COT 


COU 


Hist. ;  Dibdin's  Bibliomania.  For  a  recent  description  of 
the  Cottonian  Library,  see  the  excellent  Hand  Bonk  to  t,h« 
library  of  tho  Brit.  Museum,  by  .Richard  Sims,  Lon.,  1854, 
18mo.  It  may  be  said  without 

"  Exaggeration,  that  the  writers  upon  the  history  and  antiquities 
of  Great  Britain  and  Ireland  have  been  more  indebted  to  the  in 
exhaustible  treasures  of  the  Cottonian  Library  than  to  all  other 
eources  together." 

There  can  be  no  question  that  Sir  Robert  Cotton  is  en 
titled  to  a  place  in  the  first  rank  of  England's  learned  an 
tiquaries  ;  a  noble  army,  truly ! 

"  The  name  of  Sir  Robert  Cotton  must  always  be  mentioned 
•with  honour;  his  memory  cannot  fail  of  exciting  the  warmest 
sentiments  of  gratitude  while  the  smallest  regard  for  learning  sub 
sists  among  us." — DR.  SAMOEL  JOHNSON. 

See  Gale's  eloquent  tribute — "  quisquis  bona  fide  Histo- 
riam  nostram,"  <fcc. — in  Rer.  Anglia  Script.  Vet.  i.  pnef.  3. 

Cotton,  Roger.  Direction  to  the  Waters  of  Lyfe, 
Lon.,  1590,  4to.  Treatise,  4to.  Armour  of  Proofe  brought 
from  the  Tower  of  David  to  fight  against  the  Spannyardes 
and  all  Enimies  of  the  Trueth,  1596, 4to.  Spirituall  Songs, 
1596,  4to. 

Cotton,  W.  C.     My  Bee  Book,  Lon.,  1842,  p.  8vo. 

"  One  of  the  most  elegant  volumes  that  ever  graced  a  library- 
table.  .  .  The  perfection  of  a  scrap-book  for  the  gentleman  or  lady 
bee-keeper." — Lon,  Quar.  Review. 

Two  Letters  to  Cottagers  on  Bees :  1.  On  Bee  Manage 
ment.  2.  On  the  Natural  Theology  of  Bees,  1843,  12mo. 
Short  and  Simple  Letters  to  Cottagers,  1844,  12mo. 

Cottrell,  C.  H.  Don  Carlos,  a  Dramatic  Poem,  Lon., 
8vo;  2ded.,1844.  Recollections  of  Siberia  in  1840/41, 1843, 
8vo.  Relig.  Move,  of  Germany,  1849,  8vo.  Trans,  of  C.  J. 
Bunsen's  Egypt's  Place  in  Universal  History,  1848,  '53, 
2  vols.  8vo. 

"  The  fullest  and  most  exact  work  that  has  hitherto  appeared  on 
the  interpretation  of  hieroglyphical  inscription." — Church  of  Emg. 
Quar.  Review. 

"  The  learned  author  is  one  of  the  most  erudite  and  accom 
plished  expositors  of  ancient  Egyptian  learning." — Lon.  Critic. 

The  Chevalier  is  also  favourably  known  as  a  learned 
writer  by  his  Constitution  of  the  Church  of  the  Future ; 
trans.,  1847,  p.  8vo.  Memoirs  of  the  Duchies  of  Schleswig 
and  Holstein,  1848,  p.  8vo.  Hippolytus  and  his  Age;  or 
The  Chris.  Church  of  the  Third  Century,  1852, 4  vols.  p.  8vo. 

Couch,  John*  Anabaptismarum ;  or  Answer  to  a 
Kentish  Anabaptist,  made  in  the  year  1649,  Lon.,  1650, 4to. 

Couch,  Jonathan.  Illustrations  of  Instinct,  Lon., 
1847,  p.  8vo. 

"  This  volume  is  full  of  anecdote  which  must  delight  readers  of 
all  ages,  and  is  written  in  a  most  popular  and  unpretending  style." 
— Britannia. 

Couch,  Robert.     Praxis  Catholica,  by  C.  Pack,  1680. 

Couchman,  Giles.  An  Exhortation  or  Warninge, 
to  beware  of  greater  Plagues  and  Troubles  than  are  yet 
come  vpon  this  Realme,  for  the  Sinnes  and  Wickedness 
that  has  been,  and  is  yet  dayly  committed  therein.  Lon., 
1551,  8vo. 

Coues,  Samuel  Elliot.  Outlines  of  a  System  of 
Mechanical  Philosophy;  being  a  Research  into  the  Laws 
of  Force,  Boston,  1851,  12mo. 

"  We  heartily  commend  this  work  to  philosophical  inquirers,  as 
one  full  of  strength,  beauty,  and  originality,  and  eminently  en 
titled  to  their  attention."— GEORGE  RIPLEY. 

Couleius,  Abrahamus.    See  COWLEY. 

Couling,  Nich.  The  Saints  Perfect  in  this  Life  or 
never,  Lon.,  1647,  12mo. 

Coulson,  William,  Surgeon  to  the  Magdalen  Hos 
pital,  London.  Diseases  of  the  Bladder  and  Prostate 
Gland,  4th  ed.,  1852,  8vo. 

"  We  strongly  recommend  it  to  the  attention  and  perusal  of  our 
readers." — Lon.  Lancet. 

Deformities  of  the  Chest  and  Spine,  2d  ed.,  1839,  p.  8vo. 
Diseases  of  the  Hip  Joint,  2d  ed.,  1841.  New  ed.  of  Lau 
rence's  trans,  of  Blumenbach's  Manual  of  Comparative 
Anatomy. 

"  The  most  useful  elementary  work  on  Comparative  Anatomy 
which  we  yet  possess  is  the  Short  System  of  Professor  Blumen- 
bach." — Sup.  to  Encyc.  Brit.,  art.  Animal  Anatomy. 

Trans,  of  Edwards's  Manual  of  Surgical  Anatomy. 

"  The  work  contains  a  great  deal  of  practical  information,  which 
cannot  fail  to  be  interesting  to  the  student  and  practitioner.  The 
translation  is  well  executed,  and  Mr.  Coulson  has  increased  its 
value  by  the  addition  of  notes  containing  information  derived 
from  the  records  of  both  English  and  German  surgery." — Lon 
Med.  and  Phys.  Jour. 

Coult,  Nich.     Patterne  of  True  Repentance,  1595. 

Coultas,  Harland.  Principles  of  Botany,  as  exempli 
fied  in  the  Cryptogamia,  with  Illus.,  Phila.,  1853,  12mo. 

Coulter,  John,  M.D.  Adventures  in  the  Pacific, 
Dubl.,  1845,  p.  8vo.  Adventures  on  the  Western  Coasi 
of  South  America,  and  in  the  Interior  of  California,  Lon. 
184f,  2  vols.  p.  8vo. 


Every  page  teems  with  adventure  of  the  most  extraordinary 
and  most  racy  kind." — Lon.  Naval  and  Milt.  Gaz. 

"  in  energy  and  power  of  observation  it  resembles  Dampier  and 
;he  other  old  voyagers." — Jerroltfs  Paper. 

Coulthard,  Clara.     Poems,  16mo.    Rhymes  for  an 
Hour,  1842,  18mo.     Prayers  and  Hymns,  1845,  18mo. 
Coulthart,  J.  R.     Decimal  Interest  Table,  Lon.,  8vo. 
Coulthurst,  H.  W.,  D.D.     Sermon,  1796. 
Coulton,  David  Trevena.     Inquiry  into  the  Au 
thorship  of  the  Letters  of  Junius.     Fortune  :  a  Story  of 
London  Life,  3  vols.  p.  8vo,  1853. 

All  is  reality  about  it :  the  time,  the  characters,  and  the  inci 
dents.  In  its  reality  consist  its  charm  and  its  merit.  It  is,  in 
deed,  an  extraordinary  work,  and  has  introduced  to  the  world  of 
fiction  a  new  writer  of  singular  ability,  with  a  genius  more  like  that 
of  Bulwer  than  any  to  whom  we  can  compare  it." — Lon.  Oritic. 

Coulton,  James  Trevena.  Doctrine  of  the  Bible, 
1805,  8vo. 

Counsell,  George.    Midwifery,  Lon.,  1752,  12mo. 
Couper,  Catherine  M.  A.     Visits  to  Beechwood 
Farm,    Lon.,    1847,    16mo.     Lucy's   Half  Crown,    18mo. 
Trans,  of  Wm.  Von  Humboldt's  Letters  to  a  Female  Friend. 
Remarkable  letters." — Westminster  Review. 
We  have  seldom  read  such  a  rendering  of  German  thought  into 
the  English  tongue."— ion.  Critic. 

Couper,  Robert,  M.D.  Poetry,  chiefly  in  the  Scottish 
Language,  1802,  2  vols.  12mo.  Med.  Treatise,  1803,  8vo. 
The  Tourifications  of  Malachi  Meldrum,  1803,  2  vols.  12mo. 
Hist,  of  Brit.  Isles,  1807,  8vo. 

Courayer,  Peter  Francis,  1681-1776,  a  French 
divine  of  the  Roman  Catholic  Church,  after  a  careful  ex 
amination  became  satisfied  of  the  validity  of  the  orders  of 
the  Church  of  England,  and  drew  up  a  treatise  entitled, 
Dissertation  sur  la  validite  des  Ordinations  des  Anglois, 
et  sur  la  Succession  des  EvSques  de  1'Eglise  Anglicane : 
avec  les  preuves  justificatives  des  faits  avancez  dans  cet 
ouvrage ;  printed  at  Nancy  (though  Brussels  appears  on 
the  title)  in  1723,  2  vols.  8vo.  It  was  trans,  into  English 
by  the  Rev.  Daniel  Williams,  and  pub.  in  Lon.,  1725,  8vo; 
2d  ed.,  1727;  new  ed.,  Oxf.,  1844,  8vo.  In  1726  Couray 
pub.  a  Defence  de  la  Dissertation,  <fcc.,  Brux.,  4  vols.  12mo. 
The  Defence  was  also  trans,  by  Williams,  Lon.,  1728, 
2  vols.  8vo.  The  new  Oxf.  ed.  notic«d  above  does  not 
contain  the  "Defence."  In  1727  b«  received  the  degree 
of  D.D.  from  the  University  of  Oxford.  Being  subjected 
to  much  censure  at  home  on  account  of  this  work,  and 
anticipating  personal  danger,  he  took  refuge  in  England, 
where  he  resided  from  1728  until  his  death  in  1776.  He 
attended  the  services  of  the  Church  of  England,  but  never 
renounced  the  communion  of  the  Church  of  Rome.  He 
pub.  a  Letter  to  Card,  de  Noailles,  Lon.,  1728,  8vo,  trans, 
of  Father  Paul's  Hist,  of  the  Council  of  Trent,  1736,  2  vols. 
fol.,  and  a  trans,  of  Sleidan's  Hist,  of  the  Reformation, 
1767,  3  vols.  4to.  His  declaration  of  his  last  sentiments 
on  the  subject  of  religion  was  pub.  in  French,  by  W.  Bell, 
D.D.,  in  1787,  8vo,  (also  pub.  in  English,)  and  a  Treatise 
on  the  Trinity,  in  French,  appeared  in  1810. 
Courcy,  Richard  De.  See  DE  COURCY. 
Coureen.  Catastrophe,  <fec.  rel,  to  E.  L  Company,  1644. 
Court.  Trans,  of  Josephus,  Lon.,  1733,  fol. 
Courtail,  John.  Serm.,  Lon.,  1760,  4to. 
Courtenay,  Charles.  Ereston ;  a  Novel,  1809, 2  vols. 
Courtenay,  Edward  H.  Trans,  of  Boucharlat's 
Mechanics,  with  addits.  and  emendations,  New  York,  8vo. 
Courtenay,  Henry  Reignald,  Bishop  of  Bristol, 
1794;  translated  to  Exeter,  1797.  Fast  Serin.,  1795,  4to. 
Charge,  1796,  4to. 

Courtenay,  John,  M.P.,  1741F-1816,  a  native  of 
Ireland.  Commission  of  the  Treasury,  1806.  Poetical 
Review  of  the  Literary  and  Moral  Character  of  Dr.  Saml. 
Johnson,  1786,  4to.  Philos.  Reflec.  on  the  French  Revo 
lution,  in  a  Letter  to  Dr.  Priestley,  1790,  8vo. 

"  Mr.  Courtenay  is  a  true  believer  in  the  Horatian  precept :  no 
one  more  frequently  substitutes  the  ridiculum  for  the  acre,  nor 
comes  to  the  discussion  of  grave  matters  with  a  more  laughing 
countenance." — Lon.  Monthly  Review,  1790. 

Manners,  Arts,  and  Politics  of  France  and  Italy,  in  Po 
etical  Epistles,  1792,  '93,  1794,  8vo.  Poet,  and  Philos. 
Essay  on  the  French  Revolution,  addressed  to  Mr.  Burke. 
1793,  8vo. 

Courtenay,  Rt.  Hon.  Thomas  Peregrine,  M.P. 
Obs.  on  the  American  Treaty,  being  a  Contin.  of  the  Let 
ters  of  Decius,  1808,  8vo.  State  of  the  Nation,  1811,  8vo. 
Treatise  on  the  Poor  Laws,  1818,  8vo.  Letter  to  Lord 
Grenrille  on  the  Sinking  Fund,  1828.  Sir  William  Temple, 
his  Life  and  Times,  with  his  Unpub.  Essays  and  Corresp., 
1836,  2  vols.  8vo. 

"It  is  in  every  sense  an  important  addition  to  the  library,  and 
will  no  doubt  find  a  place  in  every  sterling  collection." — Lon.  Lit. 
Gazette. 


cou 


cow 


care,  good  sense,  and 
impartiality."—  T.  B.  MACAULAY:  see  Edin.  Rev.,  Oct.  1838. 

Commentaries  on  the  Hist  Plays  of  Shakspearc,  1840, 
2  vols.  p.  8vo. 

"  An  almost  inseparable  companion  to  Shakspeare's  Plays.  .  .  . 
The  production  of  a  scholar  and  a  gentleman  of  refined  taste  and 
acute  judgment."  —  Lon  Literary  Gazette. 

Courthope,  Sir  William.  Synopsis  of  the  Extinct 
Baronetage  of  England,  Lon.,  1835,  p.  8vo. 

"  A  most  useful  book  of  reference  to  the  genealogist,  the  anti 
quarian,  and  the  lawyer." 

Courtier,  Peter  L.     Poems,  Ac.,  Lon.,  1795-1813. 

Courtney,  Mrs.  Isabinda,  a  Novel,  1796,  3  vols.  12mo. 

Courtney,  John.  1.  Serm.  2.  Parish  Registers, 
1812,  8vo. 

Cousin.     See  Cosm. 

Coustos,  John.     Sufferings  in  Inquisition,  1746. 

Couteau,  J.  B.  Confessions  of,  Lon.,  1794,  2  vols. 
12mo;  —  A  satire  of  the  depravity  of  French  manners, 
written  by  Robt.  Jephson. 

-  Couton,  John.     The  English  Gil  Bias  ;  or,  the  Ad 
ventures  of  Gabriel  Tangent,  Lon.,  1807,  3  vols. 

Coutts,  Robert,  born  1803,  of  Brechin,  Scotland. 
Serins.,  2d  ed.,  Lon.,  1808,  8vo  ;  3d  ed.,  Edin.,  1847,  12mo. 

Cove,  Augustus.     Tocsin  Sounded,  1813,  8vo. 

Cove,  Morgan,  Preb.  of  Hereford.  Revenues  of 
tiie  Ch.  of  England,  Lon.,  1797,  8vo;  1816.  Inquiry  resp. 
Tithes,  1800,  8vo. 

Covel,  John,  D.D.,  1638-1722,  Fellow  of  Christ 
Church,  Cambridge,  and  Master,  1688,  resided  7  years  at 
Constantinople,  as  Chaplain  to  the  Embassy.  Account  of 
the  present  Greek  Church,  Camb.,  1722,  fol. 

Covell,  L.  T.,  an  American  author.  Prim.  Grammar, 
1814.  Digest  of  Eng.  Grammar,  1852  ;  adopted  by  many 
schools. 

Covell,  William.  Defence  of  Hooker's  Eccles.  Po 
lity,  Lon.,  1603,  4to.  Examination  of  some  things  in 
Ch.  of  Eng.,  1604,  4to.  Answer  to  an  Apology  by  John 
Burges,  1606,  4to. 

Covell,William.  1.  Letter.  2.  Proclamation,Lon.,fol. 

Coven,  Stephen.  The  Militant  Christian,  1781,  12ino. 

Coventry,  Andrew,  M.D.,  d.  1830,  was  Professor  of 
Agriculture  in  the  University  of  Edinburgh.  Discourse 
explanatory  of  the  nature  and  plan  of  a  course  of  lectures 
on  Agriculture  and  Rural  Economy,  Edin.,  1808,  8vo. 
Observations  on  Live  Stock,  in  a  letter  to  Henry  Clive, 
Esq.,  8vo.  Notes  on  the  culture  and  cropping  of  Arable 
Land,  1812,  8vo. 

"  The  professional  life  of  the  author  was  distinguished  by  much 
sound  information  and  a  very  discreet  judgment."—  Donaldson's 
Agricult.  Biog. 

Coventry,  Lord.  Journal  of  his  Embassy,  Sav., 
1667,  4to. 

Coventry,  Francis,  d.  1759,  educated  at  Magdalen 
College,  Cambridge,  Curate  of  Edgeware.  Penhurst,  a 
Poem,  1750;  repub.  in  Dodsley's  Collec.  Absurdities  of 
Modern  Gardening  ;  a  paper  pub.  in  The  World.  Pompey 
the  Little,  a  Satirical  Romance,  1751. 

"  Pompey  is  the  hasty  production  of  Mr.  Coventry,  (cousin  to 
him  you  know,)  a  young  clergyman.  I  found  it  out  by  three  cha 
racters,  which  made  part  of  a  comedy  that  he  shewed  me,  of  his 
own  writing."  —  Gray,  the,  Poet,  to  Horace  Walpole. 

Coventry,  Henry,  d.  1752,  referred  to  by  Mr.  Gray 
as  a  cousin  of  the  preceding,  a  Fellow  of  Magdalen  Col 
lege,  pub.  Letters  of  Philemon  to  Hydaspes,  relating  a 
Conversation  with  Hortensius  upon  the  Subject  of  False 
Religion,  in  5  parts,  Lon.,  1736,  '37,  '38,  '41,  '44,  8vo.  He 
was  also  one  of  the  writers  of  the  Athenian  Letters. 

Coventry,  Thomas,  Lord  Keeper  of  the  Great  Seal 
of  England  temp.  Charles  II.,  1578-1640.  Answer  to  the 
Petition  against  Recusants.  Fees  of  C.  Pleas,  Chancery, 
Ac.  Prothonotary's  and  Chancery  Fees,  1644,  12mo.  Wood 
enumerates  9  speeches  of  his  lordship,  1625,  '26,  '27,  '28  ; 
and  other  papers  of  his  occur  among  the  Harleian  MSS.  : 
see  Nos.  2207  and  3305. 

Coventry,  Thomas.  A  New  and  Readable  Edition 
of  Coke  upon  Littleton,  Lon.,  1830,  8vo. 

•  Certa  in  parts  regarded  as  antiquated  are  omitted,  which  we 
8  *  defectmore  than  a  recommendation."—  Hoff- 


Concise  Forms  in  Conveyancing,  4th  ed.,  Lon.,  1831, 
izmo. 

1R  S  ^f?upt  *°  ,8h^°,ConveyanceS  ^  legislative  enactment 
is  hopeless;  it  must  be  left  to  the  good  sense  and  honour  of  the 
Conveyancer."—  Sugden's  Answer  to  Humphreys 

T.  C-  and  Samuel  Hughes,  Analytical  Digested  Index 
to  the  Common  Law  Reports,  Hen.  III.  to  George  III 
Lon.,  1828,  2  vols.  8vo  ;  Phila.,  1832. 

"This  Digest  is  very  well  arranged,  and  will  answer  as  a  nrettv 
good  substitute  for  the  Old  Reports."-  J^rmn's  Legal  BM. 


Other  legal  compilations.  In  a  notice  of  his  Convey 
ancer's  Evidence,  Lon.,  1832,  8vo,  in  the  Law  Magazine, 
some  faults  are  noticed,  and  the  following  compliment 
passed  upon  Mr.  Coventry's  publications  generally : 

"  In  London  his  books  have  long  since  found  their  level,  and  no 
books  could  find  a  lower  one." 

Coventry,  Sir  William,  M.P.,  1626-1686,  youngest 
son  of  Lord  Keeper  Coventry,  educated  at  Queen's  College, 
Oxford,  filled  several  public  posts  with  great  credit.  Eng 
land's  Appeal  from  the  Cabal  at  Whitehall  to  Parliament, 
Lon.,  1673,  4to.  Letter  to  Bishop  Burnet  resp.  Cardinal 
Pole,  Abbey  Lands,  Ac.,  1685,  4to.  Character  of  a  Trim 
mer,  1st  ed.,  anon./  2d,  1689,  12mo;  1697.  Wood  and 
some  later  authorities  ascribe  the  Character  of  a  Trimmer 
to  Sir  William,  but  the  credit  has  been  transferred  to  the 
Marquis  of  Halifax  and  others. 

"  This  piece  is  in  the  Miscellanies  of  the  Marquis  of  Halifax, 
whose  mother  was  sister  to  Sir  William  Coventrie." — LOVEDAY.  See 
Echard,  and  Bliss's  Wood's  Athen.  Oxon.,  iv.  193. 

"  It  will  be  seen  that  I  believe  Halifax  to  have  been  the  author, 
or  at  least  one  of  the  authors,  of  the  Character  of  a  Trimmer, 
which,  for  a  time,  went  under  the  name  of  his  kinsman,  Sir  William 
Coventry." — Macaulay's  Hist,  of  England.  Read  Mr.  M.'s  admi 
rable  sketch  of  the  character  of  Halifax. 

The  Character  of  a  Trimmer  has  been  reprinted  by  Dun 
can,  a  London  publisher. 

Coverdale,  Miles,  1487-1568,  a  native  of  Yorkshire, 
was  educated  at  the  house  of  the  Augustine  friars  at  Cam 
bridge.  He  became  an  Augustine  monk,  and  was  ordained 
at  Norwich  in  1514.  He  afterwards  embraced  the  princi 
ples  of  the  Reformation,  and  was  one  of  its  most  zealous 
promoters.  In  1532  he  was  abroad,  and  assisted  Tyndale 
in  his  trans,  of  the  Bible.  In  1535,  fol.,  appeared  his  own 
trans,  of  the  Scriptures,  being  the  first  impression  of  the 
whole  Bible  in  English.  An  account  of  this  version,  and 
the  sources  from  which  it  is  drawn,  will  be  found  in  Mr. 
Whittaker's  Inquiry  into  the  Interpretations  of  the  Scrip 
tures,  and  a  bibliographical  account  of  the  original  edit, 
is  prefixed  to  a  reprint  in  1838,  4to.  Mr.  Lowndes  could 
only  discover  one  perfect  copy.  One  nearly  perfect  is  in 
the  British  Museum.  A  copy  with  the  title  and  two  fol 
lowing  leaves  in  facsimile  was  sold  at  auction  for  £89  5s. 
In  1538  a  quarto  New  Testament  in  the  Vulgate  Latin,  and 
Coverdale's  English  was  pub.  So  anxious  was  he  to  dis 
seminate  a  knowledge  of  the  word  of  God,  that  in  the  same 
year  he  again  visited  the  Continent,  to  superintend  a  new 
edit,  of  the  Bible,  as  it  could  be  printed  cheaper  and  better 
in  Paris.  2500  copies  were  struck  off,  when  the  Inquisi 
tion  interfered,  and  committed  them  to  the  flames.  The 
presses,  types,  and  printers  were  transferred  to  England, 
and  in  1539  Cranmer's,  or  the  Great  Bible,  was  issued  from 
the  office  of  Grafton  and  Whitchurch.  For  many  years 
Coverdale  now  enjoyed  the  opportunity  of  labouring  for 
the  spiritual  enlightenment  of  his  countrymen.  As  a 
preacher  he  was  in  high  esteem  with  the  people ;  his  value 
was  recognised  by  those  in  authority,  also;  and  in  1551 
he  was  raised  to  the  see  of  Exeter.  Upon  the  accession 
of  Mary,  in  1553,  he  was  deprived  of  his  bishopric,  cast 
into  prison,  and  confined  for  two  years.  When  released, 
he  visited  the  Continent,  where  he  remained  until  Eliza 
beth  became  Queen  of  England.  Coverdale  now  returned 
to  England,  and  brought  home  some  notions  of  the  Geneva 
school  with  regard  to  vestments,  which  were  not  calculated 
to  recommend  him  to  preferment.  Bishop  Grindal,  who 
ineffectually  endeavoured  to  aid  him  at  court,  collated  him 
to  the  rectory  of  St.  Magnus,  near  old  London  Bridge, 
which  he  retained  until  1556,  shortly  before  his  death. 
His  publications  were  chiefly  translations  from  the 
writings  of  the  foreign  Reformers.  A  list,  taken  princi 
pally  from  Ames  and  Herbert,  will  be  found  in  Chalmers's 
Biog.  Diet.,  and  in  Watt's  Bibl.  Brit.  Of  his  Letters  of 
the  Martyrs,  1564,  a  new  edit,  was  pub.  by  Rev.  E.  Bick- 
ersteth  in  1837,  Lon.,  8vo.  Writings  and  translations, 
edit,  for  the  Parker  Society,  by  the  Rev.  George  Pearson, 
Camb.,  1844,  8vo.  Remains,  1846,  8vo.  Trans,  of  a  Spi 
ritual  Pearl,  Lon.,  1838,  18ino,  and  in  Richmond's  Fathers, 
viii.  793.  Also  see  his  writings  in  Brit.  Reformers,  xii. 
See  Bale  and  Tanner;  Strype's  Life  of  Cranmer;  Parker 
Memorials ;  Annals  ;  Biog.  Brit. 

Coverley,  Sir  Roger  de.  A  Cure  for  the  Spleen  ; 
or,  Amusement  for  a  Winter's  Evening,  Anver.,  1775,  8vo. 

Covert,  Nicholas.  Scriviner's  Guide,  1716, 2  vols.  8vo. 

Coverte,  Captain  Robert.  A  trve  and  almost  in 
credible  Report  of  an  Englishman  that  travelled  by  Land 
through  many  vnknowne  Kingdomes  and  great  Cities,  Lon., 
1612,  4to.  Reprinted  in  Osborne's  Voyages,  ii.  236 ;  1745. 

Cowan,  Andrew,  M.D.  General  Education,  1803, 
2  vols. 


cow 

Cowan,  Charles.  Article  "Paper"  in  Encyc.  Brit., 
7th  edit 

"A  luminous  and  accurate  account  of  the  newest  processes  and 
the  most  improved  machinery  used  in  the  manufecture  of  this  ar 
ticle."—  Birmingham  Herald. 

Cowan,  Charles,  M.D.  Trans,  of  Louis  on  Con 
sumption,  Lon.,  8vo. 

"An  excellent  translation  of  a  most  excellent  work."— Lan.Lancet. 
Phrenology  consistent  with  Science  and  Religion,  1841, 
12mo.     Bedside  Manual,  2d  ed.,  1842,  18mo. 

Cowan,  James,  1738-1795.  Serms.,  Edin.,  1795,  8vo. 
Coward,  John.     The  Gospel  Preached,  <fcc.,  Lon., 
1803,  8vo. 

Coward,  William,  of  Walthamstow,  founded  a  Lec 
ture,  at  which  Hubbard,  Guyse,  Godwin,  and  others 
preached.  12  Serms.,  Lon.,  1729,  8vo;  Christ's  Loveli 
ness  and  Glory.  54  Serms.,  1757,  2  vols.  8vo. 
"  Highly  aud  deservedly  esteemed."— DR.  E.  WILLIAMS. 
Coward,  William,  M.D.,  1656-1725,  educated  at 
Hart  Hall  and  Wadham  College,  Oxford,  trans.  Dryden's 
Absalom  and  Achitophel  in  Latin,  and  pub.  some  medical 
and  poetical  works.  His  Licentia  Poetica  discussed,  ap 
peared  in  1709,  8vo.  He  is  best  known,  however,  by  his 
Second  Thoughts  concerning  the  Human  Soul,  by  Estibius 
Psychalettres,  1702 ;  2d  ed.,  1704,  8vo.  This  work  was 
answered  by  William  Nichols,  in  his  Conference  with  a 
Theist,  1698-1703 ;  by  John  Broughton,  in  his  Psychologia, 
1703;  and  by  John  Turner,  in  his  Vindication  of  the 
separate  Existence  of  the  Soul,  1703.  Coward  answered 
Turner  in  his  Further  Thoughts  upon  Second  Thoughts, 
and  Broughton  in  an  Epistolary  Reply  annexed  to  his 
Grand  Essay.  The  work,which  excited  this  controversy 
was  burnt  by  the  common  hangman  in  1704,  by  order  of 
Parliament. 

"  It  is  an  elaborate  defence  of  the  doctrine  of  materialism,  and 
is  mentioned  in  this  place  because  of  the  quantity  of  critical  dis 
quisition  on  passages  of  Scripture  which  it  contains." — Orme's 
Bibl.  Bib. 

Dr.  Coward  strongly  affirmed  that  he  never  intended  to 
promulgate  any  sentiments  contrary  to  religion  and  mo 
rality. 

Cowdry»  Richard.  Pictures,  &c.  at  Wilton  House, 
1751. 

Cowe,  James.     Serm.,  <fcc.,  1797-1806. 
Cowell,  J.  W.     Letters  on  Currency,  Lon.,  1843,  8vo. 
Cowell,  John,  1554-1611,  educated  at  King's  Col 
lege,  Cambridge.     Institutiones  juris  Anglicani,  <fec.,  Can 
tab.,  1605,  8vo.     Written  after  the  method  of  Justinian's 
Institutes.     Law  Dictionary,  1607,  foL     This  was  thought 
to  attack  the  principles  of  the  Common  Law,  and  was 
publicly  burned:  many  edits,  and  continued. 

"  It  is  an  excellent  glossary  to  Coke,  Littleton,  and  the  old  law- 
books,  and  will  be  found  of  considerable  utility  to  a  modern  stu 
dent  of  English  law  and  antiquities."  See  Marvin's  Legal  Bibl.; 
1  Kent's  Com.,  508. 

Cowell,  John.  The  Snare  Broken,  1677,  8vo. 
Cowell,  John,  a  gardener.  Account  of  the  Olive  in 
Blossom;  containing  an  account  of  the  Torch  Thistle, 
part  ii.  p.  33 ;  of  the  Glastonbury  Thorn,  part  ii.  p.  44, 
Lon.,  1729,  8vo.  The  Curious  and  Profitable  Gardener, 
1730,  '32,  8vo. 

Cowen,  E.  Civil  Jurisdiction  of  Justices  of  the  Peace 
of  the  State  of  New  York,  2  vols.  8vo,  1844.  New  York 
Reports,  1823-28,  9  vols. ;  8vo,  1824-30.  Digested  Index 
of  Reports,  1831,  8vo.  Ed.  Phillipps  on  Evidence,  5  vols., 
1850. 

"  I  have  long  considered  Mr.  Phillipps's  work  on  Evidence  as 
the  most  thorough,  accurate,  and  able  that  I  have  ever  seen ;  and 
I  have  used  it  more  constantly  than  any  other." — JOSEPH  STORY. 
Cowen,  Sidney  J.    2ded.  of  E.  Cowen's  Justice,  1841 
Cowif,  George.     Dissenter's  Guide,  1799. 
Cowlard.     Republication  of  Devises,  Lon.,  1833, 8vo 
Cowley,  Captain.    Voyage  round  the  Globe.     See 
Hacke's  Voyages,  vol.  i.  1699,  and  Harris's  Voyages,  1702 
Voyage  to  Magellanica  and  Polynesia,  1683.     See  Callan- 
der's  Voyages,  ii.  582,  1766. 

Cowley,  Abraham,  M.D.,  1618-1667,  a  poet  of  great 
eminence,  was  a  native  of  London,  where  his  father  was  a 
grocer.  His  taste  for  poetry  was  awakened  by  a  perusa 
of  the  poems  of  Spenser,  which  he  had  devoured  with 
great  zest  before  he  was  12  years  of  age.  When  only  three 
years  older,  being  then  at  Westminster  School,  he  pub.  a 
volume  of  poems,  containing,  with  other  pieces,  the  tragi 
cal  History  of  Pyramus  and  Thisbe,  written  at  the  age  of 
ten,  and  Constantia  and  Philetus,  composed  two  years 
later.  This  volume  was  entitled  Poetical  Blossoms. 

"In  which  there  were  many  things  that  might  well  become  the 
vigour  and  force  of  a  manly  wit,"— DR.  SPRAT. 

In  1636  he  was  removed  to  Trinity  College,  Cambridge 
where  he  continued  his  poetical  pursuits.  In  1638  he  pttb 


COW 

lis  Love's  Riddle,  a  pastoral  comedy,  and  a  Latin  comedy 
called  Naufragium  Joculare,  or  the  Merry  Shipwreck. 

"  Written  without  due  attention  to  the  ancient  models ;  for  it  is 
not  loose  verse,  but  mere  prose." 

In  1643  he  was,  with  others,  ejected  from  Cambridge  by 
parliamentary  influence,  and  retired  to  St.  John's  College, 
Oxford.  In  the  same  year  he  pub.  a  satire  entitled,  The 
Puritan  and  the  Papist.  Whilst  referring  to  his  residence 
at  Oxford,  it  may  be  proper  to  state  by  anticipation,  that 
in  1657  the  university  granted  him  the  degree  of  M.D., 
but  he  never  practised  as  a  physician.  His  loyalty  and 
wit  recommended  him  to  the  favourable  notice  of  the  court, 
and  when  Oxford  was  surrendered  to  the  Parliament, 
Cowley  attended  the  queen  to  Paris,  where  he  was  secre 
tary  to  the  Earl  of  St.  Alban's,  and  agent  of  correspond 
ence,  by  means  of  cypher,  between  Charles  I.  and  his  con 
sort  He  remained  abroad  between  10  and  12  years,  and 
in  various  ways  was  zealously  devoted  to  the  royal  inte 
rests,  which  fidelity  excited  no  unreasonable  expectations 
of  reward  at  the  Restoration.  The  profligate  Charles, 
however,  like  most  profligates,  was  too  fond  of  his  own 
ease  to  care  for  the  comfort  of  others,  and  valued  the  last 
pleasure  above  the  first  friend.  A  real  or  pretended  offence 
at  his  comedy — The  Cutter  of  Coleman  Street — a  new 
edition  of  his  old  play  of  The  Guardian — afforded  an  ex 
cuse  to  the  court  party  for  neglecting  his  claims  upon  the 
royal  favour.  The  disappointed  poet,  after  an  unsuccess 
ful  "  Complaint"  (in  an  ode  so  called)  of  this  ingratitude 
— in  which  he  declared  that  his  desire  was  "  to  retire  to 
some  of  the  American  plantations,  and  forsake  the  world 
forever"  —  concluded  to  retire  to  a  plantation  nearer 
home,  and  took  up  his  residence  first  at  Barn  Elms,  and 
subsequently  at  Chertsey.  He  found  a  country  life  more 
delightful  in  anticipation  than  in  reality :  his  country  neigh 
bours  were  as  debauched  in  their  morals  as  the  roysters 
of  London,  his  tenants  refused  to  pay  him  his  rents,  and 
his  grass  was  devoured  at  night  by  strange  cattle  quartered 
upon  the  London  gentleman  by  the  innocent  rustics  whose 
guileless  simplicity  and  honest  virtues  have  so  often  in 
spired  the  poetic  muse.  After  a  residence  at  Chertsey  of 
about  two  years,  he  caught  a  severe  cold,  attended  with  a 
fever,  which  proved  fatal  July  28,  1667,  in  his  49th  year. 
Sprat's  account  of  the  circumstances  connected  with  his 
last  days  differs  from  that  in  Spence's  Anecdotes,  but  this 
is  a  point  in  which  minute  accuracy  is  not  always  to  be 
expected.  Sprat  certainly  had  the  best  means  of  knowing 
the  truth.  When  the  ungrateful  king  heard  of  his  death, 
he  declared  that  "  he  had  not  left  a  better  man  behind 
him;"  but 

"  Can  Flattery  soothe  the  dull,  cold  ear  of  Death?" 
We  return  to  his  works.     In  1647  he  pub.  his  Mistress, 
remarking  in  his  preface,  that 

"  Poets  are  scarcely  thought  freemen  of  their  company,  without 
paying  some  duties,  or  obliging  themselves  to  be  true,  to  Love." 

Upon  his  return  to  England,  in  1656,  he  pub.  a  new  edit, 
of  all  his  poems,  consisting  of  four  parts ;  viz. :  1.  Mis 
cellanies.  2.  The  Mistress ;  or  Love  Verses.  3.  Pindaric 
Odes.  4.  Davideis ;  a  Heroical  Poem  of  the  Troubles  of 
David.  In  1660  appeared  An  Ode  upon  the  Blessed  Re 
storation  of  King  Charles  II.  This  title  reminds  us  forci 
bly  of  Barrow's  admirable  Epigram  : 

"  Te  magis  optavit  rediturum,  Carole,  nemo, 

Et  nemo  sensit  te  rediisse  minus!" 
"  Thy  restoration,  royal  Charles,  I  see, 

By  none  more  wished,  by  none  less  felt,  than  me!" 

In  1661  he  pub.  his  Proposition  for  the  Advancement 
of  Experimental  Philosophy.  Whilst  in  England  he  wrote 
his  two  Books  of  Plants,  pub.  first  in  1662.  To  these  he 
afterwards  added  four  more  books,  and  all  the  six,  together 
with  his  other  Latin  poems,  were  printed  in  1678,  8vo, 
after  his  death,  under  the  title  of  Poemata  Latina,  viz. : 
Plan tarurn,  lib.  vi.  cum  Notis;  Herborum,  Florum,  et  Syl- 
varum,  lib.  ii. ;  Miscellaneorum,  unus ;  quibus  premittitnr 
Autoris  vita,  per  T.  Sprat  conscripta. 

"Botany,  in  the  mind  of  Cowley,  turned  into  poetry."— DR. 
JOHNSON. 

"The  two  first  books  treat  of  Herbs,  in  a  style  resembling  the 
elegies  of  Ovid  and  Tibullus;  the  two  next,  of  Flowers,  in  all  the 
variety  of  Catullus  and  Horace's  numbers,  and  the  two  last,  of 
Trees,  in  the  way  of  Virgil's  Georgics."— DR.  SPRAT. 

A  later  critic  has  questioned  the  extent  of  Dr.  Cowley's 
acquaintance  with  the  modern  botanical  authors,  who  would 
have  proved  the  most  useful  to  his  researches  in  point  of 
accurate  knowledge. 

Cowley's  History  of  Plants,  with  Rapin's  Disposition  of 
Gardens,  a  Poem,  in  4  Books,  was  pub.  in  English  in  1795, 
12mo :  the  former  trans,  by  N.  Tate  and  others,  the  latter 
by  James  Gardiner.  The  Iron  Age,  pub.  1656  and  1675, 
8vo,  was  disclaimed  by  Cowley.  The  Poem  on  the  late 


cow 


cow 


Civil  War  appeared  in  1679,  4to.  A  Discourse,  by  Way  I  which  met  with  such  success  as  to  encourage  her  to  further 
of  Vision,  concerning  the  Government  of  Oliver  Crom-  attempts.  Her  works  principally  consist  of  dramatic 
well,  pub.  1661,  4to,  is  commended  by  Bishop  Hurd  as  one  !  pieces;  among  which  are  Who's  the  Dupe?  1779;  The 
of  the  best  of  its  author's  prose  works.  It  will  be  found  "Rpllft's  Stratn,P-e.m.  1780 :  A  BolH  Stroke  fnr  n,  TTnshnnH  *« 
in  vol.  v.  of  the  Harleian  Miscellany.  Cowley's  Works, 
1669;  with  Life  by  Thomas  Sprat,  D.D.,  1680,  12mo ; 
many  edits.:  1710-11,  3  vols.  8vo;  12th  ed.,  1721,  2  vols. 
12mo.  Select  Works,  with  a  Preface  and  Notes  by  the 
Editor,  Bishop  Hurd,  1772-77,  3  vols.  p.  8vo.  Prose  Works, 
including  his  Essays  in  Prose  and  Verse,  1826,  cr.  8vo. 
The  edit  of  the  Poetical  Blossomes,  1633,  4to,  is  of  great 
value  if  it  have  the  portrait  of  the  author ;  Bibl.  Anglo- 
Poet.  140,  with  two  portraits  of  Cowley,  £16.  Cowley's 
prose  writings, -occupying  about  60  folio  pages,  consist 
principally  of  his  Essays,  which  are  of  a  high  order  of 
merit.  They  have  none  of  the  affectation  and  love  of  con 
ceit  which  often  disfigure  his  poetry. 

"  The  Essays  must  not  be  forgotten.  What  is  said  by  Sprat  of 
his  conversation,  that  no  man  could  draw  from  it  any  suspicion  of 
his  excellence  in  poetry,  may  be  applied  to  these  compositions.  No 
author  ever  kept  his  verse  and  his  prose  at  a  greater  distance  from 
each  other.  His  thoughts  are  natural,  and  his  style  has  a  smooth 
and  placid  equability,  which  has  never  yet  obtained  its  due  com 
mendation.  Nothing  is  far-sought,  or  hard-laboured ;  but  all  is 
easy  without  feebleness,  and  familiar  without  grossness." — DR. 
JOHNSON. 

"  To  Cowley  we  may  justly  ascribe  the  formation  of  a  basis  on 
which  has  since  been  constructed  the  present  correct  and  admira 
ble  fabric  of  our  language.  His  words  are  pure  and  well  chosen, 
the  collocation  simple  and  perspicuous,  and  the  members  of  his 
sentences  distinct  and  harmonious." — DR.  DRAKE. 

Read  the  Essays  "  Of  Myself,"  "  Poetry  and  Poets," 
and  "  Of  Procrastination."  The  "Vision  of  Oliver  Crom 
well"  may  also  be  mentioned  as  a  noble  specimen  of  a 
dignified  yet  graceful  style : 

«'  Cowley's  character  of  Oliver  Cromwell,  which  is  intended  as  a 
satire,  (though  it  certainly  produces  a  very  different  impression  on 
the  mind.)  may  vie  for  truth  of  outline  and  force  of  colouring  with 
the  masterpieces  of  the  Greek  and  Latin  historians." — HAZIJTT. 

Of  his  poetical  pieces,  the  general  favourites  will  be  found 
among  the  Anacreontics  and  the  Miscellanies.  The  lines 
on  the  death  of  Harvey,  and  the  Elegy  on  Crashaw,  the 
Ode  on  Wit,  the  Chronicle,  and  the  verses  to  Davenant, 
have  been  greatly  admired.  The  wit  by  which  Cowley 
was  so  highly  distinguished  is  of  a  character  which  pos 
sesses  but  little  charms  save  for  the  poet's  own  generation. 
But  by  that  generation,  and  for  some  years  after  his  death, 
he  was  lauded  to  a  degree  which  appears  to  modern  readers 
very  extravagant. 

"  These  times  have  produced  many  excellent  poets,  among  whom, 
for  strength  of  wit,  Dr.  Abraham  Cooley  [Cowley]  justly  bears  the 
bell." — From  Baxter's  Prefatory  Address  to  his  Poetical  Fragments, 
1681. 

"Clarendon  represents  him  as  having  taken  a  flight  beyond  all 
that  went  before  him;  and  Milton  is  said  to  have  declared,  that 
the  three  greatest  English  poets  were  Spenser,  Shakspeare,  and 
Cowley.  ...  It  has  been  observed  by  Felton,  in  his  Essay  on  the 
Classics,  that  Cowley  was  beloved  by  every  Muse  that  he  courted; 
and  that  he  has  rivalled  the  Ancients  in  every  kind  of  poetry  but 
Tragedy." 

Even  in  Pope's  days,  how  sadly  was  the  once  great 
Cowley  neglected ! 

"  Who  now  reads  Cowley  ?    If  he  pleases  yet, 
His  moral  pleases,  not  his  pointed  wit : 
Forgot  his  epic,  nay,  Pindaric  art, 
But  still  I  love  the  language  of  his  heart." 

Charles  Lamb,  in  a  Letter  to  Coleridge,  refers  to  the 
general  neglect  of  the  ^accomplished  author  of  Poetical 
Blossomes : 

"  In  all  our  comparisons  of  taste,  I  do  not  know  whether  I  have 
ever  heard  your  opinion  of  a  poet  very  dear  to  me,  though  now  out 
of  fashion — Cowley." 

The  reader  will  find  an  admirable  criticism  upon  the 
works  of  this  once  famous  author,  in  Dr.  Johnson's  Lives 
of  the  English  Poets,  an  extract  from  which  may  appro 
priately  conclude  our  article : 

"  It  may  be  affirmed,  without  any  encomiastic  fervour,  that  he 
brought  to  his  poetic  labours  a  mind  replete  with  learning,  and 
that  his  pages  are  embellished  with  all  the  ornaments  which  books 
could  supply;  that  he  was  the  first  who  imparted  to  English 
numbers  the  enthusiasm  of  the  greater  ode,  and  the  gayety  of  the 
less;  that  he  was  equally  qualified  for  sprightly  sallies  and  for 
lofty  flights;  that  he  was  among  those  who  freed  translation  from 
servility,  and,  instead  of  following  his  author  at  a  distance,  walked 
by  his  side;  and  that,  if  he  left  versification  yet  improvable,  he 
left  likewise,  from  time  to  time,  such  specimens  of  excellence  as 
enabled  succeeding  poets  to  improve  it." 

Read  an  eloquent  paper  by  Mr.  Macaulay  in  his  Miscel 
lanies,  entitled  A  Conversation  between  Mr.  Abraham 
Cowley  and  Mr.  John  Milton,  touching  the  great  Civil 
War :  set  down  by  a  Gentleman  of  the  Middle  Temple. 


Cowley,  Hannah,  1743-1809,  the  daughter  of  Philip 
Parkhouse,  of  Tiverton,  in  Devonshire,  was  married  in 
her  25th  year  to  Captain  Cowley,  of  the  East  India  Com 
pany.  In  1776  she  produced  the  Runaway,  a  Comedy,  |  symptoms  would  result  in  a  loss  of  sight,  he  resided 


Belle's  Stratagem,  1780 ;  A  Bold  Stroke  for  a  Husband, 
See  a  list  of  her  14  pieces  in  Biog.  Dramat.  Her  Poems, 
The  Maid  of  Arragon,  The  Scottish  Village,  and  the  Siege 
of  Acre,  have  been  highly  commended.  An  edit,  of  her 
Works,  with  a  memoir,  was  pub.  in  1813,  3  vols.  8vo. 

"In  her  writings,  nothing  was  laboured;  all  was  spontaneous 
effusion :  she  had  nothing  of  the  drudge  of  literature ;  and  fame 
was  not  half  as  much  her  object  as  the  pleasure  of  composition." 
— Biog.  Dramatica. 

Cowley,  J.     Sailor's  Companion,  Lon.,  1740,  12mo. 
Cowley,  John  li*    Geometry  made  Easy,  Lon.,  1752, 
8vo ;  new  ed.,  by  Wm.  Jones,  1787.    On  Comets,  1757, 8vo. 
App.  to  Euclid's  Elements,  1759,  4to.     Theory  of  Per 
spective  Demonstrated,  1766,  4to. 

Cowper,  Allan.    Assize  Sermon,  1722,  8vo. 
Cowper,  Charles.     Sermon,  Lon.,  1763,  4to. 
Cowper,  Henry*    Reports  of  Cases  C.  K.  B.,  Lon., 
1783,  fol.  j  2d  ed.,  1800,  2  vols.  8vo.    1st  Amer.  ed.,  Bost,, 
1809,  2  vols.;  N.  York,  2  vols.  in  1,  by  J.  P.  Hall,  1833. 
"  A  very  accurate  and  valuable  collection." 
Cowper,  James,  M.D.    Narrative  of  the  effects  of  a 
celebrated  medicine,  Lon.,  1760,  8vo. 
Cowper,  John.     Sermon,  1752,  8vo. 
Cowper,  Robert.     See  COUPER. 
Cowper,  Spencer,  D.D.,  1713-1774,  second  son  of 
the  Lord  High  Chancellor  Cowper,  was  educated  at  Exeter 
College,  Oxford.     He  became  Rector  of  Fordwich,  Pre 
bendary  of  Canterbury,  and  Dean  of  Durham.     Speech, 
1752,  4to.     Serm.,  1753,  4to.     Discourse,  1773,  8vo.     Dis 
sertation  on  the  distinct  Powers  of  Reason  and  Revelation, 
1773,  8vo. 

Cowper,  William,  1566-1619,  Bishop  of  Galloway, 
was  educated  at  the  University  of  St.  Andrews.  Before 
his  elevation  to  the  episcopate,  he  preached  8  years  at 
Bothkennar,  in  Sterlingshire,  and  19  years  at  Perth.  His 
works,  consisting  of  serins.,  expositions  of  the  51st  and 
119th  Psalms,  and  theolog.  treatises,  pub.  1611,  '12,  '13, 
'14,  '16,  and  '18,  were  collected  in  1623,  fol.  This  vol.  in 
cludes  a  Comment,  on  Revelation,  then  first  pub.  His 
sermons  have  been  highly  praised : 

"  Perhaps  superior  to  any  sermons  of  that  age.  A  vein  of  prac 
tical  piety  runs  through  all  his  evangelical  instructions;  the  style 
is  remarkable  for  ease  and  fluency;  and  the  illustrations  are  strik 
ing  and  happy."— DR.  McCRiE. 

"  Dr.  McCrie's  character  of  the  sermons  will  apply  to  the  expo 
sitions." — ORME. 

"  An  excellent  writer — full  of  devotion,  Christian  experience,  and 
consolation." — BICKERSTETH. 

Cowper,  William.  Catalogue  of  the  Chemical  Works 
written  in  English;  in  3  parts,  Lon.,  1672,  '75,  8vo. 

Cowper,  William.  Charge  at  the  General  Quarter 
Sessions  of  the  City  and  Liberty  of  Westminster,  Oct.  19, 
1719,  8vo.  The  same,  April,  1730,  8vo.  The  same,  June, 
1736,  8vo. 

Cowper,  William,  1666-1709,  a  surgeon  and  anato 
mist  of  eminence,  was  a  native  of  Hampshire.  Myotamia 
Reformata ;  or  A  New  Administration  of  all  the  Muscles 
of  the  Human  Body,  Lon.,  1694,  8vo;  an  edit,  by  Dr. 
Mead,  with  an  Introduction  on  Muscular  Motion,  1724. 
The  Anatomy  of  Human  Bodies  :  illustrated  with  114  cop 
per-plates,  Oxf.,  1698,  fol.  The  publication  of  this  work 
led  to  a  warm  controversy  with  Godfrey  Bidloo,  the  Ger 
man  anatomist.  The  latter  accused  Cowper  of  using  his 
plates.  Cowper  contributed  many  papers  to  Phil.  Trans., 
1694,  '96,  1702,  '03,  '05,  '12. 

Cowper,  William,  M.D.,  d.  1767,  practised  physic  at 
Chester,  England.  Life  of  St.  Werburgh,  1749,  4to.  This 
is  said  to  have  been  stolen  from  the  MSS.  of  Mr.  Stone. 
The  Doctors  Cowper  seem  to  have  had  a  propensity  for 
availing  themselves  of  the  labours  of  others :  see  above. 
II  Penseroso,  1767, 4to.  Dr.  C.  prepared  materials  for  his 
tories  of  the  town  and  county  of  Chester,  but  death  pre 
vented  the  completion  of  his  labours. 

Cowper,  William,  1731-1800,  one  of  the  most  emi 
nent  of  English  poets,  was  the  son  of  the  Rev.  John  Cow 
per,  Chaplain  to  Geo.  II.,  and  Rector  of  Berkhampstead, 
Hertfordshire,  where  the  subject  of  our  memoir  was  born 
on  the  26th  of  November.  His  grandfather  was  the  dis 
tinguished  Hon.  Spencer  Cowper,  Chief  Justice  of  Chester, 
and  Judge  in  the  Court  of  Common  Pleas,  and  brother  to 
Earl  Cowper,  Lord  High  Chancellor  of  England.  William 
Cowper,  deprived  of  a  mother's  care  at  the  early  age  of  six 
years,  was  placed  at  the  boarding-school  of  Dr.  Pitnam, 
Market  street,  Bedfordshire,  where  he  remained  for  two 
years.  There  being  reason  to  fear  that  some  unfavourable 


cow 


cow 


two  years  in  the  house  of  a  female  oculist  of  great  repu 
tation.  When  ten  years  of  age  he  was  sent  to  Westminster 
School,  where  he  remained  for  seven  years,  leaving  with  a 
character  for  scholarship,  especially  in  the  classics.  The 
timid,  sensitive  character  of  the  poet  was  but  little  suited 
for  the  rude  conflicts  to  which  school-boys  are  often  sub 
jected,  and  a  portion  of  this  season  of  life  was  embittered 
to  Cowper  by  a  tyranny  upon  the  part  of  a  senior  scholar 
of  the  most  intolerable  character.  Having  selected  the 
profession  of  the  law,  Cowper  was  now  articled  for  three 
years  to  a  Mr.  Chapman,  a  solicitor  of  some  eminence. 
How  assiduously  he  devoted  himself  to  Blackstone,  and 
with  what  pleasing  thraldom  he  submitted  to-  the  tenures 
of  Coke,  may  be  gathered  from  the  following  honest  con 
fession  to  his  cousin,  Lady  Hesketh : 

•'I  did  actually  live  three  years  with  Mr.  Chapman,  a  solicitor; 
that  is  to  say,  I  slept  three  years  in  his  house;  but  I  lived,  that  is 
to  say,  I  spent  my  days,  in  Southampton  Kow,  as  you  very  well 
remember.  There  was  I,  and  the  future  Lord  Chancellor,  (Thur- 
low,)  constantly  employed  from  morning  till  night  in  giggling  and 
making  giggle,  instead  of  studying  law." 

With  such  an  apprenticeship,  we  need  not  be  surprised 
that,  when  at  the  age  of  21  he  took  possession  of  a  set  of 
chambers  in  the  Temple,  he  neither  sought  business,  nor 
business  sought  him.  It  was  at  this  early  period  of  his  life 
that  we  first  find  strongly-marked  indications  of  that  ter 
rible  mental  malady,  which  to  a  greater  or  less  degree  held 
its  victim  all  his  lifetime  "subject  to  bondage"  of  the  most 
fearful  and  tormenting  character.  Upon  this  extremely 
painful  subject  but  little  can  be  said — but  little  can  be  ex 
pected — in  the  brief  limits  to  which  we  are  confined.  We 
must,  however,  be  allowed  to  enter  our  most  decided  pro 
test  against  the  strange  misapprehension — grounded  upon  j 
a  deplorable  ignorance  both  of  the  effects  of  religion,  and 
of  the  mental  characteristics  of  Cowper — that  the  derange 
ment  of  this  gifted  man  was  either  originated,  developed, 
or  increased,  by  theological  truths  or  theological  errors. 

The  contrary  to  this  has  been  often  asserted  and  denied 
at  great  length,  and  truly,  we  marvel  as  much  at  the  un 
necessary  prolixity  of  those  who  adopt  and  support  the 
negative,  as  we  wonder  at  the  obtuseness  of  those,  who, 
professing  a  knowledge  of  Cowper's  mental  history,  stereo 
type  their  simplicity  or  dishonesty,  by  charging  religion 
with  the  unhappy  gloom  which  enshrouds  the  halo  of  one 
of  the  brightest  suns  of  England's  literary  firmament. 
Why  should  apologists  waste  the  elaboration  of  argument 
and  fervours  of  eloquence  upon  a  cause  which  unadorned 
chronology  can  settle  in  a  few  lines  decisively  and  forever  ? 
If  we  cannot  take  Cowper's  own  testimony,  we  know  not 
whose  should  be  admitted,  for  "  What  man  knoweth  the 
things  of  a  man  save  the  spirit  of  a  man  ?" 

We  assert  then,  first,  that  Cowper's  derangement  was  not 
in  the  most  remote  degree  to  be  attributed  to  religious  im 
pressions  of  any  kind,  true  or  erroneous. 

We  assert,  secondly,  that  nothing  but  the  soothing,  re 
straining,  and  purifying  influences  of  religion  stood  for 
forty  years  between  William  Cowper  and  the  madman's 
cell,  or  the  suicide's  grave.  In  support  of  these  assertions, 
we  appeal  to  the  whole  mental  history  of  the  unhappy 
poet,  to  his  own  experience,  and  to  the  testimony  of  those 
true  friends  whose  unwearied  kindness  mitigated  his  suffer 
ings,  ministered  to  his  necessities,  augmented  his  comforts, 
and  smoothed  his  dying  pillow.  Before  leaving  this  sub 
ject,  however,  we  will  adduce  one  or  two  facts  of  simple 
chronology,  which  may  correct  the  misapprehensions  of 
some  who  lack  time  for  the  examination  of  the  voluminous 
testimony  to  which  we  have  appealed. 

Cowper  informs  us  that  in  his  earlier  years  (and  long 
after)  he  was  entirely  ignorant  of  any  experience  of  a  re 
ligious  character,  and  even  neglectful  of  the  ordinary  duties 
of  prayer  and  attendance  upon  public  worship.  Whilst  a 
student  of  law,  he  never  attended  church,  unless  when 
visiting  at  his  uncle's : 

"  By  this  means  I  had  indeed  an  opportunity  of  seeing  the  inside 
of  a  church,  whither  I  went  with  the  family  on  Sundays,  which 
probably  I  should  otherwise  never  have  seen." — Autobiography. 

It  was  whilst  thus  utterly  unforgetful  of  his  Creator, 
that 

"I was  struck,  not  long  after  my  settlement  in  the  Temple,  with 
such  a  dejection  of  spirits,  as  none  but  they  who  have  felt  the  same 
can  have  the  least  conception  of.  Day  and  night  1  was  upon  the 
rack,  lying  down  in  horror,  and  rising  up  in  despair." — Ibid. 

At  this  time  he  was  about  21  years  of  age.  Undoubtedly 
this  was  the  commencement  of  the  development  of  con 
stitutional  insanity.  Eleven  years  later  he  tells  us, 

"  To  this  moment  I  had  felt  no  concern  of  a  spiritual  kind.  Igno 
rant  of  original  sin,  insensible  of  the  guilt  of  actual  transgression, 
I  understood  neither  the  law  nor  the  gospel;  the  condemning 
nature  of  the  one,  nor  the  restoring  mercies  of  the  other.  I  was  as 
much  unacquainted  with  Christ,  in  all  his  saving  offices,  as  if  his 


blessed  name  had  never  reached  me.  Now,  therefore,  a  new  scene 
opened  upon  me.  Conviction  of  sin  took  place,  especially  of  that 
just  committed,  [the  attempt  at  suicide;]  the  meanness  of  it,  as 
well  as  its  atrocity,  were  exhibited  to  me  in  colours  so  inconceiva 
bly  strong,  that  I  despised  myself,  with  a  contempt  not  to  be  im 
agined  or  expressed,  for  having  attempted  it." — Ibid. 

We  have  asserted  that  religion  alone  stood  between  the 
unhappy  man  and  the  grave  of  the  suicide :  can  we  make 
our  affirmation  good  ?  Cowper  proceeds  as  follows : 

"  This  sense,  of  it  secured  me  from  the  repetition  of  a  crime,  which 
I  could  not  now  reflect  on  without  horror." — Ib. 

Did  religion  drive  Cowper  mad?     Hear  him  further: 

'•  The  only  thing  that  could  promote  and  effectuate  my  cure  was 
yet  wanting;  an  experimental  knowledge  of  the  redemption  wliich 
is  in  Christ  Jesus." — Ib, 

Does  this  look  like  Religious  Insanity?  This  "only 
thing  yet  wanting"  was  graciously  imparted  to  the  poor 
sufferer, — and  what  was  its  effect  upon  him  ? 

"The  next  day  I  went  to  church  for  the  first  time  after  my  re 
covery.  Throughout  the  whole  service  I  had  much  to  do  to  restrain 
my  emotions;  so  fully  did  I  see  the  beauty  and  glory  of  the  Lord. 
.  .  .  Such  was  the  goodness  of  the  Lord,  that  he  gave  '  the  oil  of 
joy  for  mourning,  and  the  garments  of  praise  for  the  spirit  of  hea 
viness.'  " — Ib. 

"  Ilia  residence  at  the  Temple  extended  through  eleven  years. 
In  1763— the  last  year  of  that  residence— the  offices  of  the  Clerk  of 
the  Journals,  Reading  Clerk,  and  Clerk  of  the  Committees  in  the 
House  of  Lords, — all  which  offices  were  at  the  disposal  of  a  cousin 
of  Cowper's, — became  vacant  about  the  same  time.  The  last  two 
were  conferred  on  Cowper.  His  patrimony  was  by  this  time  well- 
nigh  spent,  and  the  gift  was  therefore  so  far  acceptable.  But  the 
duties  attached  to  the  offices  of  reading-clerk  and  clerk  of  the  com 
mittees  were  duties  which  required  that  he  should  frequently  ap 
pear  before  the  House  of  Lords ;  and  to  him,  who  suffered  from  ex 
treme  nervousness,  a  public  exhibition  of  any  kind  was,  as  he 
himself  expresses  it,  '  mortal  poison.'  He,  therefore,  almost  imme 
diately  after  having  accepted  them,  resigned  those  offices  and  took 
that  of  clerk  of  the  journals.  But  here,  again,  his  cousin's  right 
of  nomination  having  been  questioned,  Cowper  was  unexpectedly 
required  to  submit  himself  to  an  examination  at  the  bar  of  the 
House  before  being  allowed  to  take  the  office.  Thus  the  evil  from 
which  he  seemed  to  have  escaped  again  met  him.  'A  thunder 
bolt,'  he  writes,  in  his  memoir  of  himself,  '  would  have  been  aa 
welcome  to  me  as  this  intelligence.  ...  To  require  rny  attendance 
at  the  bar  of  the  House,  that  I  might  there  publicly  entitle  myself 
to  the  office,  was  in  effect  to  exclude  me  from  it.  In  the  mean 
time,  the  interest  of  my  friend,  the  honour  of  his  choice,  my  own 
reputation  and  circumstances,  all  urged  me  forward,  all  pressed 
me  to  undertake  that  wliich  I  saw  to  be  impracticable.'  Unceasing 
was  the  anguish  which  he  now  suffered.  He  even  looked  forward 
anxiously  to  the  coming  of  insanity, — a  constitutional  tendency  to 
which  had  manifested  itself  some  years  before, — that  he  might 
have  a  reason  for  throwing  up  the  office;  and,  when  the  dreaded 
day  drew  near  and  he  found  himself  still  in  possession  of  his 
senses,  he  determined  on  the  commission  of  suicide.  His  many 
attempts  to  destroy  himself  all  foiled  of  success,  owing,  as  he 
pleased  to  explain  it  in  his  memoir,  to  direct  interpositions  of  Pro 
vidence.  The  office  was  ultimately  resigned  upon  the  very  day 
appointed  for  the  examination,  and  shortly  afterwards  he  became 
insane.  He  was  immediately  placed  under  the  care  of  Dr.  Cotton, 
at  St.  Alban's,  with  whom  he  stayed  until  his  recovery,  which  took 
place  about  eighteen  months  after,  in  June,  1765."— Knight's  Eng. 
Cyc.,  vol.  ii.,  Div.  Biography. 

He  settled  at  Huntingdon,  where  he  formed  an  acquaint 
ance  with  the  Rev.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Unwin,  who  proved  the 
kindest  of  friends.  He  became  an  inmate  of  their  man 
sion;  and,  upon  the  death  of  Mr.  Unwin  in  1767,  he 
removed  with  his  widow  to  Olney,  the  residence  of  the 
Rev.  John  Newton,  who  also  became  an  attached  and 
valuable  friend.  The  value  of  the  judicious  ministrations 
of  vigilant  affection  in  cases  of  mental  disorder  cannot 
be  too  highly  estimated.  A  derangement  of  a  com 
paratively  trifling  character  may  be  tortured  to  madness 
or  soothed  to  a  repose  which  precedes  restoration,  accord 
ing  to  the  course  of  treatment  to  which  the  sufferer  shall 
be  subjected.  How  weighty,  then,  the  responsibility  which 
devolves  upon  those  to  whom  the  guardianship  of  the 
afflicted  appertains  !  For  about  eight  years  Cowper's  men 
tal  health  was  but  little  affected ;  but  in  1773  the  clouds 
again  settled  over  his  mind,  and  for  a  period  of  ten  years 
it  was  more  or  less  enveloped  in  darkness.  In  1794  he 
was  again  a  victim  to  this  horrid  malady ;  and  the  death 
of  Mrs.  Unwin  in  1796 — so  long  his  faithful  and  devoted 
nurse — added  to  his  deep  despondency.  He  gazed  upon 
her  lifeless  form,  left  the  chamber  of  death,  and  was  never 
afterwards  once  heard  to  utter  her  name.  In  January, 
1800,  he  betrayed  alarming  symptoms  of  declining  health, 
and,  on  the  25th  of  April  following,  his  troubles  were 
ended  by  a  change  from  a  world  in  which  he  had  so  long 
and  so  acutely  suffered  to  the  presence  of  that  almighty 
Being  whom  he  had  humbly  served  with  the  best  offerings 
of  which  a  perturbed  spirit  and  distracted  mind  were 
capable.  All  that  enlightened  human  sympathy  and  de 
voted  Christian  friendship  could  perform  had  been  zeal 
ously  lavished  upon  one  whose  mental  gloom  was  only  to 
be  entirely  dissipated  by  the  brightness  of  that  excelling 


cow 


cow 


glory  which  illumines  the  City  of  the  living  God.  Such 
priceless  offices  of  love,  such  unwearied,  self-sacrificing 
devotion,  can  never  be  forgotten :  the  names  of  TJnwin, 
Hesketh,  Austen,  Johnson,  Hayley,  and  Rose,  must  be 
closely  connected  with  the  memory  of  William  Cowper,  so 
long  as  the  noblest  qualities  which  adorn  humanity  are 
valued  among  men.  Having  thus  taken  a  rapid  view  of 
the  character  of  the  man,  we  now  proceed  to  a  brief  con 
sideration  of  the  author. 

Pew  men  who  commenced  authorship  at  so  late  a  period 
of  life  have  attained  so  large  a  measure  of  popularity  in 
their  lifetime.  When  Cowper's  first  volume  was  given  to 
the  world,  he  had  seen  more  than  fifty  years.  He  lacked, 
therefore,  what  had  been  considered  almost  indispensable 
to  the  character  of  a  poet — inexperience  of  the  world,  and 
that  freshness  of  feeling  and  fervour  of  thought  which  are 
supposed  to  accompany  the  earlier  stages  of  life.  The 
subjects,  too,  of  his  first  volume,  (1782,  8vo,)  were  of  too 
didactic  a  character  to  arouse  or  gratify  public  curiosity 
or  literary  interest.  But  little  to  charm  the  imagination, 
or  delight  the  fancy,  could  be  expected  from  the  discussion 
of  The  Progress  of  Error,  Truth,  Table  Talk,  Expostula 
tion,  Hope,  Charity,  Ac.  It  was  evident,  indeed,  that 
"  Wisdom  had  prepared  her  Feast  and  uttered  her  Voice," 
but  until  the  nature  of  man  changes,  she  must  continue  to 
"  lift  up  her  voice  in  the  streets,  and  cry  in  the  chief  places 
of  concourse,"  ere  she  can  gather  around  her  the  very  few 
who  prefer  instruction  to  amusement,  and  moral  improve 
ment  to  mental  dissipation. 

But  the  applause  of  a  few  sages  was  more  valuable  than 
the  indifference  of  the  children  of  the  world ;  and  Cowper 
was  more  delighted  at  having  pleased  Johnson  and  Frank 
lin,  than  he  would  have  been  with  the  applause  of  Holland 
House,  and  the  adulation  of  half  the  fashionable  assem 
blies  of  London.  Mr.  Hayley  gives  us  his  own  opinion 
of  the  merits  of  the  volume  in  these  words : 

"  It  exhibits  such  a  diversity  of  poetical  powers  as  have  been 
given  very  rarely  indeed  to  any  individual  of  the  modern  or  of 
the  ancient  world." 

By  the  influence  of  Lady  Austen,  who  had  previously 
elicited  the  famous  ballad  of  John  Gilpin,  Cowper  was 
induced  to  commence  a  new  poem — The  Task,  which  was 
pub.  in  1785.  Its  success  was  immediate,  and  almost  un 
bounded.  There  were  few,  however  opposed  in  their  tastes, 
who  could  not  find  something  to  charm  them  in  the  many 
pleasing  pictures  and  graphic  sketches  presented  in  this 
volume. 

"  The  Task  is  a  poem  of  such  infinite  variety,  that  it  seems  to 
include  every  subject,  and  every  style,  without  any  dissonance  or 
disorder;  and  to  have  flowed,  without  effort,  from  inspired  philan 
thropy,  eager  to  impress  upon  the  hearts  of  all  readers  whatever 
may  lead  them  most  happily  to  the  full  enjoyment  of  human  life, 
and  to  the  final  attainment  of  Heaven."— HAYLEY. 

"  It  is  impossible  to  describe  this  fine  poem  better  than  by  say 
ing  that  it  treats,  in  a  masterly  way,  of  all  that  affects  us  here,  or 
influences  us  hereafter;  that  it  pleads  the  cause  of  the  poor  and 
the  desolate  in  the  presence  of  the  rich ;  admonishes  the  rich  of 
their  duty  to  their  country,  their  cotters,  and  their  God;  takes  the 
senate  to  task;  shakes  the  scourge  of  undying  verse  over  the 
pulpit ;  holds  a  mirror  before  the  profligacy  of  cities  till  they  shud 
der  at  their  own  shadow,  and  exhibits  to  the  hills  and  dales  of 
the  country,  an  image  of  the  follies  of  their  sons  and  daughters." 
—ALLAN  CUNNINGHAM  :  Biog.  and  Grit.  Hist,  of  Lit. 

"  Of  all  the  verses  that  have  been  ever  devoted  to  the  subject  of 
domestic  happiness,  those  in  his  Winter  Evening,  at  the  opening 
of  the  fourth  book  of  The  Task,  are  perhaps  the  most  beautiful. 
In  perusing  that  scene  of  'intimate  delights,'  'fire-side  enjoy 
ments,'  and  '  home-born  happiness,'  we  seem  to  recover  a  part  of 
the  forgotten  value  of  existence,  when  we  recognise  the  means  of 
its  blessedness  so  widely  dispensed  and  so  cheaply  attainable,  and 
find  them  susceptible  of  description  at  once  so  enchanting  and  so 
faithful." — CAMPBELL  :  Essay  on  English  Poetry. 

"  It  contains  a  number  of  pictures  of  domestic  comfort  and  so 
cial  refinement  which  can  hardly  be  forgotten  but  with  the  lan 
guage  itself." 

Cowper's  next  production  was  the  Tirocinium,  intended, 
as  he  tells  us, 

"  To  censure  the  want  of  discipline,  and  the  scandalous  inatten 
tion  to  morals,  that  obtain  in  public  schools,  especially  in  the 
largest,"  &c. 

In  the  same  year,  (1784,)  he  commenced  his  translation  of 
Homer,  which  was  completed  and  pub.  in  1791,  2  vols.  4to. 
Not  entirely  satisfied  with  his  performance,  he  commenced 
a  revision  in  1792,  and  devoted  his  leisure  time  for  several 
years  to  the  corrected  version.  It  was  pub.  in  1802,  4  vols. 
8vo,  by  J.  Johnston.  Very  different  opinions  are  enter 
tained  both  of  the  merit  of  the  translation  generally,  and 
of  the  respective  excellencies  or  defects  of  the  earlier  and 
later  versions. 

Mr.  Southey  greatly  prefers  the  former : 

"  The  version  he  composed  when  his  faculties  were  most  active, 
and  his  spirits  least  subject  to  depression,  ought  not  to  be  super 
seded  by  a  revisal,  or  rather  reconstruction,  undertaken  three 
440 


years  before  his  death ;  not  like  the  first  translation,  '  a  pleasant 
work,  an  innocent  luxury,'  but  'a  hopeless  employment,'  a  task  to 
which  he  gave  '  all  his  miserable  days  and  often  many  hours  of 
the  night.'" 

Dr.  Clarke  appears  to  be  of  a  different  opinion  : 

"  For  fidelity,  accuracy,  and  the  true  poetical  fire,  this  corrected 
edition  of  Cowper's  Translation  stands  yet  unrivalled." 

Mr.  Croker  remarks  that 

"  It  is  the  fashion  to  call  Cowper's  translation  '  a  miserable  fail 
ure,'  but  the  more  one  reads  it  the  better  it  seems  to  represent  the 
original  than  any  other." 

"  We  admire  Mr.  Cowper's  abilities ;  some  passages  are  executed 
with  great  taste  and  spirit,  and  those  that  were  difficult  he  ha  s 
happily  elucidated."— Lon.  Critical  Keview. 

"I  long  tc  know  your  opinion  of  Cowper's  translation.  The 
Odyssey,  especially,  is  surely  very  Homeric.  What  nobler  than 
the  appearance  of  Phoebus  at  the  beginning  of  the  Iliad — lines 
ending  with  'Dread  sounding-bounding  on  the  silver  bow'?" — 
Charles  Lamb  to  Coleridge. 

"  That  the  translation  is  a  great  deal  more  close  and  literal  than 
any  that  had  previously  been  attempted  in  English  verse,  probably 
will  not  be  disputed  by  those  who  are  the  least  disposed  to  admire 
it;  that  the  style  into  which  it  is  translated  is  a  true  English  style, 
though  not  perhaps  a  very  elegant  or  poetical  one,  may  also  be  as 
sumed  ;  but  we  are  not  sure  that  a  rigid  and  candid  criticism  will 
go  farther  in  its  commendation." — LORD  JEFFREY  :  Edin.  JKev.,  ii.  85. 

It  is  useless  to  venture  any  suppositions  as  to  the  cha 
racter  which  his  intended  life  and  edition  of  Milton  would 
have  assumed.  Certainly  few  men  have  been  better  quali 
fied  for  so  arduous  a  task. 

Of  Cowper's  minor  poems,  perhaps  the  best  known  are 
the  Lines  addressed  to  his  Mother's  picture,  and  that  in 
scribed  to  Mary,  his  faithful  friend  and  nurse  Mrs.  Unwin. 
The  Olney  Hymns,  written  in  conjunction  with  Rev.  John 
Newton,  have  had  a  wide  circulation,  and  doubtless  proved 
very  useful.  In  1803,  '04,  Mr.  Hayley  pub.  A  Life,  and 
the  Posthumous  Writings  of  Cowper,  Chichester,  3  vols.  4to. 

"The  little  Mr.  Hayley  writes  in  these  volumes  is  by  no  means 
well  written,  [but]  with  a  very  amiable  gentleness  of  temper,  and 
with  the  strongest  appearance  of  a  sincere  veneration  and  affec 
tion  for  the  departed  friend  to  whose  memory  it  is  consecrated." — 
LORD  JEFFREY. 

In  1806  Mr.  Hayley  added  Supplementary  Pages  to  the 
Life  of  Cowper,  Chichester,  4to.  In  1824  his  Private  Cor 
respondence  with  several  of  his  most  intimate  friends,  from 
the  originals  in  the  possession  of  his  kinsman,  Mr.  John 
son,  appeared  in  2  vols.  8vo.  A  complete  edition  of  his 
Works,  Correspondence,  and  Translations,  with  a  Life  of 
the  Author,  edited  by  Robert  Southey,  was  pub.  in  15 
vols.  p.  8vo.  A  new  ed.,  with  additional  Letters,  in  Bohn's 
Standard  Library,  8  vols.,  plates. 

"  There  is  no  one  among  our  living  writers  who  unites  research, 
taste,  and  sincerity,  (the  three  great  requisites  of  a  biographer,) 
so  delightfully  as  Dr.  Southey;  and  it  is  almost  superfluous  to 
say,  that  his  work  is  as  readable  for  its  anecdotes  and  contempo 
rary  sketches,  as  for  its  clear,  manly,  and  eloquent  style."— Lon. 
Athenaum. 

"  It  is  hardly  too  much  to  say  that  it  derives  nearly  half  its  value 
from  the  labours  of  the  editor  and  biographer." 

"  In  the  Life  of  the  Poet,  Dr.  Southey  has  introduced  much  of 
the  Literary  History  of  England  during  half  a  century,  with  bio 
graphical  sketches  of  many  of  his  contemporaries." 

The  Rev.  T.  S.  Grimshawe,  author  of  the  Life  of  Rev. 
Legh  Richmond,  pub.  an  edit,  of  the  Works,  Letters,  and 
Life,  in  1835,  Lon.,  8  vols.  8vo;  new  edit.,  1847,  8  vols. 
8vo,  and  also  an  edit,  in  1  vol.  r.  8vo. 

"  Mr.  Grimshawe's  labours  are  not  only  recommended  by  the 
power  his  relationship  to  Dr.  Johnson  placed  in  his  hands,  but  by 
the  deep  concern  he  takes  in  every  thing  which  regards  the  essen 
tial  and  beautiful  parts  of  Cowper's  character." — Norwich  Mercury. 

We  notice  some  other  editions.  Cowper's  Poems,  with  a 
Memoir  of  the  Author,  by  John  McDiarmid,  Edin.,  18mo. 

"  The  Memoir  has  the  merit  of  being  written  with  remarkable 
critical  acumen,  of  delineating  the  character  of  Cowper  with  accu 
racy,  and  of  including,  stripped  of  all  book-making  periphrases, 
the  whole  course  of  the  poet's  life,  agitated  as  it  was  by  acute 
mental  sufferings." — Court  Magazine. 

Cowper's  Works,  with  Life,  by  Dr.  Memes,  Glasg.,  1852, 
12mo. 

"  The  Memoir  greatly  surpasses,  in  philosophical  accuracy,  the 
former  estimates  of  Cowper's  Life.  The  editor  is  evidently  a  stu 
dent  of  human  nature,  under  all  the  varieties  of  physical  and 
moral  causes  by  which  it  may  be  affected.  He  is  also  a  clear,  good 
writer,  who,  understanding  his  subject,  expresses  himself  with 
equal  beauty  and  precision."— Evangelical  Magazine. 

To  these  may  be  added  Memoirs,  Essays,  <fcc.  by  Nico 
las,  Greatheed,  Stebbins,  Gary,  Dwight,  Ac. 

The  Letters  of  Cowper  have  gained  him  as  much  repu 
tation  as  have  the  most  favourite  passages  of  his  poetry. 
On  this  theme  it  were  easy  to  enlarge,  but  we  must  rest 
content  with  a  citation  from  one  of  the  greatest  masters  of 
our  tongue : 

"I  have  always  considered  the  letters  of  Mr.  Cowper  as  the  finest 
specimen  of  the  epistolary  style  in  our  language.  ...  To  an  air  of 
inimitable  ease  and  carelessness  they  unite  a  high  degree  of  cor 
rectness,  such  as  could  result  only  from  the  clearest  intellect,  com 
bined  with  the  most  finished  taste.  I  have  scarcely  found  a  single 


cox 

word  which  is  capable  of  being  exchanged  for  a  better.  Literary 
errors  I  can  discern  none.  The  selection  of  words,  and  the  con 
struction  of  periods,  are  inimitable;  they  present  as  striking  a 
contrast  as  can  well  be  conceived  to  the  turgid  verbosity  which 
]>asses  at  present  for  fine  writing,  and  which  bears  a  great  resem 
blance  to  the  degeneracy  which  marks  the  style  of  Ammianus 
Marcellinus,  as  compared  to  that  of  Cicero  or  of  Livy.  In  my 
humble  opinion,  the  study  of  Cowper's  prose  may  on  this  account 
be  as  useful  in  forming  the  taste  of  young  people  as  his  poetry."— 
Rev.  Robert  Hall  to  Rev.  Dr.  Johnson. 

The  reader  should  peruse  an  article,  nominally  a  review 
of  Thomas  Taylor's  Life  of  Cowper,  by  Mr.  W.  B.  0.  Pea- 
body,  in  the  North  American  Review  for  January,  1834. 
Also  see  articles  by  Lord  Jeffrey,  in  the  Edinburgh  Re 
view,  vols.  ii.  64,  and  iv.  273 ;  two  reviews  in  the  London 
Quarterly  Review,  vols.  xvi.  116,  and  xxx.  185.  To  these 
may  be  added  the  articles  in  the  N.  American  Review,  by 
W.  Phillips,  ii.  233  j  H.  Ware,  xix.  435,  and  E.  T.  Chan- 
ning,  xliv.  29.  Also  consult  the  Life,  Dissertation,  and 
Notes,  in  the  new  ed.  of  Cowper's  Poetical  Works,  by  Rev. 
George  Gilfillan,  1854,  8vo. 

A  few  brief  extracts  from  two  or  three  eminent  authori 
ties  must  conclude  an  article  already  sufficiently  extended  : 

"Of  Cowper  how  shall  I  express  myself  in  adequate  terms  of 
admiration?  The  purity  of  his  principles,  the  tenderness  of  his 
heart,  his  unaffected  and  zealous  piety,  his  warmth  of  devotion, 
(however  tinctured  at  times  with  gloom  and  despondency,)  the 
delicacy  and  playfulness  of  his  wit,  and  the  singular  felicity  of  his 
diction,  all  conspire  by  turns 

'  To  win  the  wisest,  warm  the  coldest  heart.' 

"  Cowper  is  the  poet  of  a  well-educated  and  well-principled  Eng 
lishman.  '  Home,  sweet  home'  is  the  scene — limited  as  it  may  be 
imagined — in  which  he  contrives  to  concentrate  a  thousand  beau 
ties,  which  others  have  scattered  far  and  wide  upon  objects  of  less 
interest  and  attraction.  His  pictures  are,  if  I  may  so  speak,  con 
ceived  with  all  the  tenderness  of  Raffaelle.  and  executed  with  all 
the  finish  and  sharpness  of  Teniers.  No  man,  in  such  few  words, 
tells  his  tale,  or  describes  his  scene,  so  forcibly  and  so  justly.  His 
views  of  nature  are  less  grand  and  less  generalized  than  those  of 
Thomson :  and  here,  to  carry  on  the  previous  mode  of  comparison, 
I  should  say  that  Thomson  was  the  Gaspar  Poussin,  and  Cowper 
the  Hobbima  of  rural  poetry.  .  .  .  The  popularity  of  Cowper  gains 
strength  as  it  gains  age :  and,  after  all,  he  is  the  poet  of  our  study, 
our  cabinet,  and  our  alcove." — DR.  DIBDIN. 

"  His  language  has  such  a  masculine  idiomatic  strength,  and 
his  manner,  whether  he  rises  into  grace  or  falls  into  negligence, 
has  so  much  plain  and  familiar  freedom,  that  we  read  no  poetry 
with  a  deeper  conviction  of  its  sentiments  having  come  from  the 
author's  heart,  and  of  the  enthusiasm,  in  whatever  he  describes, 
having  been  unfeigned  and  unexaggerated.  He  impresses  us  with 
the  idea  of  a  being  whose  fine  spirits  had  been  long  enough  in  the 
mixed  society  of  the  world  to  be  polished  by  its  intercourse,  and 
yet  withdrawn  so  soon  as  to  retain  an  unworldly  degree  of  sim 
plicity  and  purity." — THOMAS  CAMPBELL. 

"  The  great  merit  of  this  writer  appears  to  us  to  consist  in  the 
boldness  and  originality  of  his  compositions,  and  in  the  fortunate 
audacity  with  which  he  has  carried  the  dominion  of  poetry  into 
regions  that  had  been  considered  as  inaccessible  to  her  ambition. 
...  He  took  as  wide  a  range  in  language,  too,  as  in  matter ;  and 
shaking  off  the  tawdry  incumbrance  of  that  poetical  diction  which 
had  nearly  reduced  the  art  to  the  skilful  collocation  of  a  set  of 
appointed  phrases,  he  made  no  scruple  to  set  down  in  verse  every 
expression  that  would  have  been  admitted  in  prose,  and  to  take 
advantage  of  all  the  varieties  with  which  our  language  could 
supply  him." — LORD  JEFFREY. 

Cox,  Dr.  1.  Med.  Discourses.  2.  Discourse  against 
Apothecaries,  Lon.,  1666,  '69,  8vo. 

Cox,  Dr.     Medical  Compendium,  Ac.,  1808. 

Cox,  Mrs.     Joseph  ;  a  Poem,  1783,  12mo. 

Cox,  or  Coxe,  Benj.  Theolog.  treatises,  Lon.,  1645, 
'46,  4to. 

Cox,  D.     Address  to  Dissenters,  1807,  12mo. 

Cox,  Daniel,  M.D.  Prof,  treat,  Ac.,  1753,  '57,  '58,  8vo. 

Cox,  David.  Landscape  Painting  and  Effect  in  Wa 
ter  Colours,  Lon.,  1814,  fol.  Highly  esteemed. 

Cox,E.W.  Registration  of  Voters' Act,  Lon.,1843,12mo. 

Cox,  F.  A.,  D.D.  Christian  Knowledge,  Lon.,  1806, 
8vo.  Life  of  Melancthon,  1815,  8vo;  1817,  8vo. 

"  Correct  in  narrative,  forcible  in  argumentation,  &c." — Brit.  Rev. 

Female  Scripture  Biography,  1817 ;  1852,  2  vols.  8vo. 
On  Baptism,  8vo.  On  the  Book  of  Daniel,  1833,  12mo. 

"A  very  useful  manual." — Lon.  Congregational  Mag. 

Our  Young  Men ;  a  Prize  Essay,  1838,  12mo. 

"A  word  in  season  to  young  men  in  every  grade  of  Society." — 
Evangel.  Mag. 

Mr.  C.  has  written  some  other  theological  treatises. 

Cox,  George.  Chemical  Delectus,  2d  ed.,  1844, 32mo. 
Spectable  Secrets,  2d  ed.,  1844,  12mo.  Agricultural  Che 
mistry,  Lon.,  1844,  p.  8vo. 

"  The  author  discusses  aeriform  matters,  salts,  acids,  Ac.,  but 
fails  to  establish  any  fact  for  practical  adoption.  This  is  the  fault 
of  all  chemical  essays." — Donaldson's  AgriciM.  Biog. 

Cox,  Capt.  Hiram.  Journal  of  a  Residence  in  the 
Burman  Empire,  Ac.,  Lon.,  1821,  8vo. 

Cox,  Sir  J.  H.     Letters  on  Catholic  Claims,  1812. 

Cox,  James,  D.D.  Conjugal  Affection:  a  Poem, 
1813,  8vo. 


COX 

Cox,James,  D.D.  Tithe  Commutations,Lon.,1838,8vo. 
Cox,  John.     Dialecticon  Vivi  boni  et  literati  de  veri- 
tate  et   Natura  atque  Substantia   corporis   et   sanguinis 
Christi  in  Eucharistia,  Lon.,  1557,  8vo. 

Cox,  John.  Trans,  of  H.  Bullinger's  Exhortation  to 
the  Ministers  of  God's  Word,  Ac.,  Lon.,  1575,  8vo. 

Cox,  John  E.  Protestantism  contrasted  with  Roman 
ism,  Lon.,  1852,  2  rols.  8vo.  Trans,  of  Dr.  H.  Olshausen's 
Com.  on  1st  and  2d  Epist  to  the  Corinthians  \  Vol.  xx.  of 
Clark's  For.  Theol.  Library. 

"A  superior  help  to  the  study  of  those  two  important  epistles." 
— British  Banner. 

Cox,  John  H.    Harmony  of  the  Scriptures,  Lon.,  1823, 
8vo.     Highly  commended.     Jesus  shewing  Mercy,  18mo. 
"A  most  useful  book  to  be  put  into  the  hands  of  young  con 
verts." — Christian  Guardian. 

Cox, John  S.  Two  Serms.,with  Notes,  Lon.,1835,12mo. 
"These  are  sensible  and  sound  discourses,  which  we  recom 
mend  to  all  lovers  of  orthodoxy." — Chris.  Rememb. 

Cox,  Joseph.  Narrative  rel.  to  Thief-takers,  1756, 8vo. 
Cox,  Joseph  M.,  M.D.     Insanity,  1804,  8vo. 
Cox,  Leonard.     See  COCKES. 

Cox,  Michael,  Bishop  of  Ossory,  1743 ;  Archbishop 
of  Cashel,  1754.  Sermon,  Dubl.,  1748,  4to. 

Cox,  Nicholas.  The  Gentleman's  Recreation,  in 
four  Parts,  viz. :  Hunting,  Hawking,  Fowling,  Fishing, 
1674,  8vo ;  6th  ed.,  1721. 

Cox,  Owen.     Intelligence  from  Ireland,  1642,  4to. 
Cox,   Richard,  1499-1581,   educated  at  Eton   and 
King's    College,    Cambridge,  became    Chancellor   of  the 
University  of  Oxford,  and  Dean  of  Westminster.     On  the 
accession  of  Mary  he  was  imprisoned.     In  1559  he  was 
made  Bishop  of  Ely.     He  trans,  for  the  "Bishops'  Bible" 
the  four  Gospels,  the  Acts,  and  the  Epistle  to  the  Romans. 
He  also  assisted  in  the  Compilation  of  the  Liturgy,  Ac. 
Cox,  Richard.     See  CRANCH,  WILLIAM. 
Cox,  Sir  Richard,  1650-1733,  was  created  Chancellor 
of  Ireland  in  1703.     Hibernia  Anglicana;  or  the  History  of 
Ireland  from  the  Conquest  to  the  present  time,  Lon.,  1689, 
2  vols.  fol.     Compiled  chiefly  from  the  accounts  of  Sir 
John  Temple  and  Dr.  Borlase.     An  Inquiry  into  Religion, 
Lon.,  1711,  8vo.     Linen  Manufactory,  Dubl.,  1749. 

Cox,  Robert.  Actaeon  and  Diana,  with  a  pastoral 
Storse  of  the  Nimph  Oenone,  Ac.,  Lon.,  1566,  1656,  4to. 
In  Fras.  Kirkman's,  The  Wits,  or  Sport  upon  Sport. 

"  Cox  was  an  excellent  comedian,  who  lived  in  the  reign  of  King 
Charles  I."  See  Biog.  Dramat. 

Cox,  Robert.  Hist,  of  an  Old  Pocket  Bible,  Lon., 
1813,  8vo.  Narratives  of  the  Lives  of  some  of  the  most 
eminent  Fathers,  Ac.,  1817,  8vo.  Horae  Romanae,  or  an 
Attempt  to  elucidate  St.  Paul's  Epist.  to  the  Romans,  by 
an  original  Trans.,  Ac.,  1824,  8vo. 

"  While  possessing  merits  of  a  high  order,  it  is  entirely  free  from 
display." — Lon.  Eclectic  Review. 

The  Liturgy  Revised,  1830,  8vo.  Secession  Considered, 
1832,  8vo. 

Cox,  Ross.  Adventures  on  the  Columbia  River,  Lon., 
2  vols.  8vo  ;  New  York,  1832. 

Cox,  S.  C.  P.  Williams's  Chancery  Reports,  4th  edit., 
1787,  3  vols.  r.  8vo ;  5th  ed.,  1790.  Reports  of  Cases  in 
Courts  of  Equity,  1783-96,  Ac.,  Lon.,  1816,  2  vols.  8vo. 
Amer.  edit.,  by  Murray  Hoffman,  New  York,  1824. 

"  Most  brief  and  perspicuous  Reports  of  unquestionable  accu 
racy."—!  Kent's  Com.,  494. 

"The  American  edition  is  ably  edited."— Marvin's  Legal Bibl. 
Cox,  Samuel  H.,  D.D.,  a  Presbyterian  minister,  long 
settled  in  Brooklyn,  New  York.  Quakerism  not  Chris 
tianity,  New  York,  1833,  8vo.  Interviews,  Memorable 
and  Useful,  from  Diary  and  Memory,  reproduced,  New 
York,  1853,  12mo. 

Cox,  Samuel  S.  The  Buckeye  Abroad;  or  Wander 
ings  in  Europe  and  the  Orient,  N.  York,  1852,  12mo. 

"  One  of  the  most  readable  books  of  travel  that  we  have  taken 
up  for  a  long  time." — N.  Y.  Mirror. 
Cox,  Thomas.     See  COXE. 

Cox,  William,  d.  1851?  an  Englishman,  for  some 
time  resident  of  New  York  City.  Crayon  Sketches,  by  an 
Amateur,  N.Y.,  1853,  2  vols.  12mo. 

Coxe,  Arthur  Cleveland,  D.D.,  b.  in  Mendham, 
New  Jersey,  1818,  grad.  at  the  University  of  New  York, 
has  gained  great  reputation  for  classical  attainments  and 
poetical  talents.  Advent,  a  Mystery ;  a  Dramatic  Poem, 
1837.  Athwold ;  a  Romaunt,  1838.  Saint  Jonathan ;  the 
Lay  of  a  Scald.  Cantos  1st  and  2d,  1838 :  all  that  was 
pub.  Athanasion,  and  Miscellaneous  Poems.  Christian 
Ballads ;  new  edit.,  Lon.,  1853,  8vo.  Halloween.  Saul  ; 
a  Mystery.  Trans,  of  Dr.  Von  Hirscher's  Sympathies  of 
the  Continent,  or  Proposals  for  a  New  Reformation. 
"  The  following  work  will  be  found  a  noble  apology  for  the  posi- 


cox 


cox 


tion  assumed  by  the  Church  of  EnglarW  in  the  sixteenth  century, 
and  for  the  practical  reforms  she  then  introduced  into  her  theology 
and  worship."— Dr.  Coxe's  Introduction. 

Impressions  of  England,  N.Y.,  1856,  12mo.  Dr.  Coxe 
has  published  Sermons  on  Doctrine  and  Duty,  1855. 

"They  are  remarkably  able  and  eloquent,  and  discuss  a  variety 
of  subjects.  The  spirit  throughout  is  eminently  Christian  and 
persuasive,  and  all  may  be  read  with  pleasure  and  with  profit." 

Coxe,  Daniel,  M.D.  Discourses  and  papers  in  Phil. 
Trans.,  1674 ;  Alkaline  Seeds;  Sea  Sand;  Volatile  Salt 


from  Vegetables. 

Coxe,  Daniel,  resided  14  years  in  America. 


He 


claimed  the  territory  of  Georgia,  Florida,  and  Louisiana 
under  his  father's  purchase.  Description  of  Carolina,  Lon., 
1722,  '27,  '41,  8vo. 

"A  crude  performance,  drawn  up  from  various  journals  and 
voyages  to  impress  the  public  with  the  great  importance  of  the 
region  described,  and  to  make  them  jealous  of  its  occupation  by 
the  French."  See  N.  American  Review,  ii.  1. 

Collection  of  Voyages  and  Travels,  Lon.,  1741,  8vo. 

Coxe,  Edward.  1.  Miss.  Poetry.  2.  Valentine,  1805, 
'10,  8vo. 

Coxe,  Eliza  A.  Liberality  and  Prejudice,  a  Novel, 
1813,  3  vols. 

Coxe,  Francis.  His  Retraction,  Lon.,  1561.  A  short 
Treatise  declaringe  the  detestable  Wickednesse  of  magicall 
Sciences,  Lon.,  1561,  8vo.  Oyies,  Vngents,  Emplaisters, 
and  Stilled  Waters,  1575,  8vo. 

Coxe,  Henry.    A  Picture  of  Italy,  1816,  18mo. 

Coxe,  John  Redman,  formerly  Prof,  of  Materia 
Medica  and  Pharmacy  in  the  Univ.  of  Penna.  1.  On  In 
flammation,  Phila.,  1794,  8vo.  2.  Importance,  «fcc.  of  Me 
dicine,  1800,  8vo.  3.  On  Vaccination,  1800,  8vo.  4.  On 
Combustion,  <fcc.,  1811,  8vo.  5.  Amer.  Dispensatory,  1827, 
8vo,  <fcc.  6.  Refut  of  Harvey's  Claim  to  the  Discovery  of 
the  Circulation  of  the  Blood,  1834,  8vo.  7.  Appeal  to  the 
Public,  &c.,  1835,  8vo.  8.  Agaricus  Atramentarius,  1842, 
8vo.  9.  Recog.  of  Friends  in  Another  World,  1 845,  12mo.  ' 
10.  Epit.  of  Hippocrates  and  Galen,  1846,  8vo.  11.  Crys 
tallization  ;  Ann.  Philos.,  1815,  vi.  101.  Edited  :  12.  Phila. 
Med.  Museum,  1805,  6  vols.  8vo;  New  Ser.,  1811,  1  vol. 
8vo.  13.  Emporium  of  Arts  and  Sciences,  [continued  by 
Thomas  Cooper,  M.D.,]  1812,  5  vols.  8vo. 

Coxe,  Leonard.     See  COCKES. 

Coxe,  Margaret,  a  native  of  Burlington,  New  Jersey. 
Claims  of  the  Country  on  American  Females,  Phil.,  2  vols. 
12mo.  Botany  of  the  Scriptures.  Wonders  of  the  Deep. 
Young  Lady's  Companion  and  Token,  12mo. 

"  A  series  of  Letters  replete  with  the  faithful  monitions  and  pre 
cepts  a  good  mother,  or,  rather,  an  affectionate  elder  sister,  would 
urge  on  those  under  her  care." — S.  J.  HALE  :  Woman's  Record. 

Coxe,  Nehcmiah.  Heresies,  &c,  in  Thomas  Collier's 
Body  of  Divinity,  confuted.  Discourses  of  the  Covenants  : 
wherein  Circumcision  as  a  Plea  for  Psedo-Baptism  is  in 
validated,  Lon.,  1681,  8vo. 

Coxe,  Peter.  Social  Day,  a  Poem  with  32  engravings. 
Lon.,  1823,  8vo. 

"  A  poem  of  no  merit." — LOWNDES. 

This  beautiful  volume  contains  engravings  after  Wilkie, 
Stothard,  Smirke,  Cooper,  Hills,  &c.  The  exquisite  plate 
of  the  Broken  Jar,  by  Wilkie,  engraved  by  Warren,  has 
been  sold  for  £3  3*. 

Coxe,  R.  C.  Lectures  on  Miracles,  Lon.,  1832, 12mo. 
Lent  Lectures,  1836,  12nio.  Advent  Lectures,  1845,  8vo. 
Church  Subjects,  Newc.,  1851,  8vo.  Poems,  1845,  p.  8vo. 
Practical  Serins.  Wood  Notes  and  Musings,  1848,  p.  8vo. 

Coxe,  Richard  S.  Reports  of  Cases,  in  S.  Court,  N. 
Jersey,  1790-95,  Burling.,  1816,  8vo.  Decisions  in  the  S. 
C.,  C.  C.,  and  D.  Courts  of  the  U.  States,  Phila.,  1829,  8vo. 
This  work  is  the  result  of  great  labour,  well  employed. 

Coxe,  Tench,  of  Philadelphia,  Commissioner  of  the 
Revenue,  d.  1824,  aged  68.  1.  Address  on  American  Manu 
factures.  2.  Inquiry  into  the  Principles  of  a  Commercial 
System  for  the  United  States,  1787.  3.  Examination  of 
Lord  Sheffield's  Observations  on  the  Commerce  of  the  United 
Provinces,  1792,  8vo.  4.  View  of  the  U.  States  of  Ame 
rica,  in  a  series  of  papers  written  1787-94,  Phila.,  1794, 
8vo  ;  Lon.,  1795,  8vo.  5.  Thoughts  on  Naval  Power,  and 
the  Encouragement  of  Commerce  and  Manufactures,  1806. 
5;  £r?£jnl%?  Cultivation,  Trade,  and  Manufacture  of 
Cotton,1807.  7.  Memoir  on  a  Navigation  Act,  1809.  8.  State- 
ment  of  the  Arts  and  Manufactures  of  the  U.  States  1814 

Coxe,  Thomas.     Med.  Con.  to  Phil.  Trans.,  1667. 

Coxe,  Thomas.  Serms.,  1709,  '12,  '26,  '27.  Magna 
Britannia  et  Hibernia,  antiqua  et  nova :  or  a  new  Survey 
of  Great  Britain,  Lon.,  6  vols.  4to,  1720-31 ;  1738.  Coun 
ties  which  have  not  been  elsewhere  particularly  described 

Lincolnshire,  Suffolk,  Shropshire,  Yorkshire— are  noticed 
in  these  volumes. 

442 


Coxe,  William,  1747-1828,  one  of  the  most  useful  of 
modern  historical  writers,  was  a  native  of  London ;  Fellow 
of  King's  College,  1768;  Curate  of  Denham,  1771;  Rec 
tor  of  Bemerton,  1788 ;  Canon-Residentiary  of  Salisbury, 
1803;  Archdeacon  of  Wilts,  1805.  He  was  also  Chaplain 
of  the  Tower.  He  made  several  excursions  on  the  Conti 
nent,  in  company  with  young  members  of  the  nobility,  and 
pub.  the  result  of  his  observations  to  the  world.  1.  Sketches 
of  the  Natural,  Civil,  and  Political  State  of  Switzerland, 
Lon.,  1779,  8vo.  See  No.  6.  2.  Account  of  the  Russian 
Discoveries  between  Asia  and  America,  <fec.,  1780,  4to;  2d 
edit,  1780,  (supplet.  pub.  in  1787;  see  No.  5;)  3d  edit., 
1787;  4th  edit,  enlarged,  with  maps,  1804,  8vo. 
_  "  This  work  is  interesting,  not  merely  from  the  particular  sub 
ject  which  the  title  indicates,  but  also  on  account  of  the  sketch  it 
contains  of  the  conquest  of  Siberia,  and  of  the  Russian  commerce 
with  China." — STEVENSON:  Voyages  and  Travels. 

"This  work  confirmed  the  literary  reputation  of  its  author,  and 
from  the  time  of  its  first  appearance  it  has  been  esteemed  one  of 
the  most  valuable  sources  of  knowledge  on  the  subject  of  Northern 
Europe.  Some  of  the  earlier  portions  were  submitted  to  Dr.  Ko- 
bertson,  the  historian,  who  carefully  revised  them." — Lon.  Quar. 
Review. 

"  Mr.  Coxe's  book  contains  many  curious  and  important  facts 
with  respect  to  the  various  attempts  of  the  Russians  to  open  a 
communication  with  the  New  AVorld."— DR.  ROBERTSON. 

3.  Account  of  the  Prisons  and  Hospitals  in  Russia,  Swe 
den,  and  Denmark,  1780,  8vo.  4.  Travels  in  Russia,  Po 
land,  Sweden,  and  Denmark,  1784,  2  vols.  4to;  vol.  iii., 
1790,  4to;  2d  edit,  1787,  5  vols.  8vo;  3d  edit,  1802,  5  vols. 
8vo]  4th  edit,  1803,  '04,  3  vols.  4to. 

"  Coxe's  Tour  has  lost  little  of  its  value  by  time.  The  sterling 
ore  of  the  matter  preserves  it,  and  though  it  has  been  distilled, 
and  hashed  up  into  a  hundred  subsequent  works,  there  is  always 
a  freshness  in  the  original  relation  which  literary  piracy  cannot 
successfully  counterfeit." — SIR  EGERTON  BRYDGES. 

"  The  substantial  merits  of  this  work  are  well  known." — STEVEN 
SON  :  Voyages  and  Travels. 

5.  A  Comparative  view  of  the  Russian  Discoveries,  with 
those  made  by  Captain  Cook  and  Clerke :  and  a  Sketch  of 
what  remains  to  be  ascertained  by  future  Navigators,  1787, 
4to.     See  No.  2,  to  which  this  work  is  supplementary. 

6.  Travels  in  Switzerland  and  in  the  country  of  the  Gris- 
sons,  1789,  3  vols.  8vo.     This  may  be  called  an  enlarged 
edit  of  No.  1. 

"  These  travels  were  performed  in  1776,  and  again  in  1785  and 
1787,  and  bear  and  deserve  the  same  character  as  the  author's  tra 
vels  in  Russia,  &c.  Mr.  Coxe  gives  a  list  of  books  in  Switzerland 
at  the  end  of  his  3d  volume,  which  may  be  consulted  with  advan 
tage.  There  is  a  similar  list  at  the  end  of  his  travels  in  Russia, 
&c." — STEVENSON  :  Voy.  and  Trav. 

7.  Letters  to  Dr.  R.  Price  upon  his  Discourse  on  the  Love 
of  our  Country,  1790,  8vo.     8.  Expl.  of  the  Catechism, 
1792,  8vo.     9.  Of  Confirmation,  1793,  8vo.     10.  Gay's  Fa 
bles,  with  Life  and  Notes.     11.  Letter  to  the  Countess  of 
Pembroke  on  the  secret  tribunals  of  Westphalia,  1796,  8vo. 

12.  Memoirs  of  the  Life  and  Administration  of  Sir  Robert 
Walpole,  Earl  of  Orford,  1798,  3  vols.  4to.     The  State  Pa 
pers  which  accompany  these  Memoirs  are  most  valuable 
to  the  historian. 

"A  more  judicious  and  instructive  biographical  work,  or  one 
more  satisfactory  to  every  rational  desire  of  knowledge,  is  not  found 
in  English  literature.  It  combines  in  a  remarkable  degree  the 
exact  and  dispassionate  inquiry  which  forms  the  great  merit  of 
compiled  history,  with  the  lively  circumstantial  illustration  which 
belongs  to  contemporary  narrative,  or  that  drawn  from  recent  tra 
dition.  It  would  be  superfluous  to  dwell  longer  on  a  book  with 
which  no  accurate  reader  of  English  history  can  permit  himself  to 
be  unacquainted." — Lon.  Quar.  Review. 

Mr.  Pitt  remarked  that  he  had  never  formed  a  just  ap 
preciation  of  the  character  of  Sir  Robert  Walpole  and  his 
Administration,  before  he  had  perused  Mr.  Coxe's  work. 

13.  Biographical  Anecdotes  of  Handel  and  C.  J.  Smith, 
1799, 4to.     This  vol.  contains  some  of  Smith's  music  never 
before  pub.     14.  A  Serm.  on  the  excellence  of  the  British 
Jurisdiction,  1799,  8 vo.    15.  Historical  Tour  in  Monmouth 
shire;  with  upwards  of  80  engravings,  by  Sir  R.  Colt  Hoare, 
1801,  2  vols.  4to.     Abridged  by  the  author's  sister,  1802, 
sm.  8vo. 

"  One  of  Coxe's  most  agreeable  works,  and  may  be  ranked  among 
the  most  elegant  and  interesting  publications  extant  on  British 
Topography." — Lon.  Quarterly  Rev. 

This  valuable  work  contains  much  local  history  and 
many  interesting  biographical  anecdotes.  This  is  a  de 
partment — Topography — in  which  Americans  will  long 
have  to  envy  their  elder  brethren.  16.  Memoirs  of  Ho 
ratio,  Lord  Walpole,  1802,  4to.  This  may  be  considered 
as  supplementary  to  No.  12.  17.  Vindication  of  the  Celts, 
1803,  8vo.  18.  History  of  the  House  of  Austria,  1218- 
1792,  1807,  3  vols.  4to;  2d  edit,  1820,  5  vols.  8vo;  3d  ed., 
1847,  3  vols.  sm.  Svo. 

"  The  House  of  Austria  has  in  particular  received  due  homage 
and  respect  from  the  labours  of  J.  P.  Kraft  and  Mr.  Archdeacon 
Coxe."— DR.  DIBDIN  :  Lib.  Comp. 


COX 

"  Coxe's  House  of  Austria  must  be  diligently  read,"  &c.— Smyth's  j 
Le,ct.  on  Mod.  Hist.,  q.  v. 

19.  Essay  on  the  Epist.  of  Ignatius,  1807,  8vo.  20.  The 
Literary  Life  and  Select  Works  of  Benj.  Stillingfleet,  1811, 
3  vols.  8vo.  Vol.  i.  contains  the  Life;  ii.  and  iii.  S.'s 
Poetry,  Tracts  on  Nat.  Hist.,  and  Prof.  Martyn's  Observa 
tions. 

"  The  value  cf  these  original.and  truly  curious  extracts  cannot 
fail  to  be  appreciated  by  every  person  conversant  with  the  subject. 
Mr.  Stillingfleet's  llemarks  on  Agricultural  Writers  are  particu 
larly  valuable.  His  Works  will  now  attain  the  rank  in  every  Li 
brary  to  which  they  are  so  justly  entitled."— Lon.  Gent.  Mag. 

21.  Memoirs  of  the  Kings  of   Spain  of  the  House  of 
Bourbon,  1700-88, 1813, 3  vols.  4to ;  2d  ed.,  1815,  5  vols.Svo. 

"  In  Mr.  Coxe's  House  of  Bourbon  every  subject  that  I  have 
now  alluded  to  is  treated  very  fully.  His  work  is  in  many  places 
entertaining,  and  is  on  the  whole  a  valuable  accession  to  our  his 
torical  information." — PROF.  SMYTH  :  Lect.  on  Mod.  Hist. 

22.  Letter  on  Tithes,  1815,  8vo.     23.  A  Sermon,  1817, 
4to.     24.  Memoirs  of  John,  Duke  of  Marlborough,  with 
his  original  Correspondence,  1818,  '19,  3  vols.  4to;  2d  ed., 
1820,  6  vols.  8vo ;  new  edit.,  revised  by  John  Wade,  1848, 
3  vols.  sm.  8vo,  and  an  Atlas  in  4to.     One  of  the  large 
paper  copies  of  the  first  edit,  had  the  two  portraits  of  the 
Duke  taken  on  satin.     This  copy  was  marked  £30  in  a 
bookseller's  catalogue. 

"  To  write  the  Life  of  Marlborough  is  to  write  the  history  of  the 
reign  of  Queen  Anne;  and  it  is  impossible  for  any  one  to  judge 
properly  of  this  part  of  our  annals,  without  a  diligent  perusal  of 
this  very  entertaining  and  valuable  work." — PROF.  SMYTH  :  Lect.  on 
Mod.  Hist. 

25.  Private  Correspondence  of  Charles  Talbot,  Duke  of 
Shrewsbury,  1821,  4to.  26.  Sketches  of  the  Lives  of  Cor- 
reggio  and  Parmegiano,  1823,  8vo.  27.  Memoirs  of  the 
Administration  of  the  Right  Hon.  Henry  Pelham,  1829, 
2  vols.  4to. 

"  The  late  Archdeacon  Coxe  has  terminated  his  long  and  useful 
literary  course  by  a  work  which  adds  largely  to  our  stores  of  au 
thentic  information.  ...  He  has  executed  his  task  with  no  less 
diligence  and  fidelity  than  he  displayed  while  in  the  full  enjoy 
ment  of  earlier  vigour." — British  Critic. 

"  These  Memoirs  have  lately  acquired  a  new  title  to  attention, 
(if  such  a  work  needed  any  casual  incident  to  enhance  its  value.) 
by  the  publication  of  Lord  Orford's  lively  letters  to  Sir  Horace 
Mann,  where  a  great  part  of  the  small  talk  embodied  in  Walpole's 
Memoirs,  and  of  which  Mr.  Coxe's  History  is  the  best  correction, 
reappears  in  a  lighter  form." — Lon.  Quarterly  Review. 

"  I  have  now  then  only  to  refer  the  student  to  Mr.  Coxe's  Me 
moirs  of  the  Pelham  Administration,  and  to  request  that  he  will 
depend  on  this  regular  and  authentic  account  of  an  important 
period  in  our  annals,  not  only  while  he  wishes  to  know  the  trans 
actions  that  belong  to  it,  but  the  character  of  the  ministers  and 
parliamentary  leaders  by  which  it  was  distinguished.  In  no  other 
way  can  he  derive  a  proper  idea  of  the  merits  of  Mr.  Pelham,  Lord 
Hardwicke,  and,  above  all,  of  the  Duke  of  Newcastle."— PROF. 
SMYTH  :  Lect.  on  Mod.  Hist. 

We  notice  a  set  of  Coxe's  Historical  Works  and  Travels, 
24  vols.  imp.  4to,  all  on  large  paper,  in  Mr.  H.  G.  Bohn's 
Catalogue  for  1841,  elegantly  bound  in  red  morocco  by 
Lewis,  priced  £84.  The  same  enterprising  publisher  has 
recently  issued  in  his  excellent  STANDARD  LIBRARY,  cheap 
edits,  of  several  of  the  works  of  this  author:  see  ante. 
Here  is  an  opportunity  for  both  long  and  short  purses. 
Let  no  historical  student  fail  to  secure  these  invaluable 
volumes  in  some  form,  for,  as  Dr.  Aikin  well  remarks, 

"  He  who  wishes  to  understand  intimately  the  politics  of  the 
two  last  reigns  must  consult  the  volumes  of  Mr.  Coxe:  the  future 
historian  will  refer  to  them  with  confidence  and  gratitude."— 
Annual  Review.  , 

"  The  biographical  labours  of  MR.  ARCHDEACON  COXE  are  consi 
derable  in  extent,  and  meritorious  in  quality ;  and,  as  they  appear 
to  my  judgment,  are  likely  to  be  yet  more  appreciated  by  posterity 
than  in  the  present  times."— DR.  DIBDIN:  Lib.  Comp. 

Coxeter,  Thomas,  1689-1747,  a  native  of  Lechlade, 
Gloucestershire,  was  educated  at  Magdalen  School  and 
Trinity  College,  Oxford.  He  collected  some  of  the  mate 
rials  used  in  what  is  styled  Cibber's  Lives  of  the  Poets, 
assisted  Ames  in  his  Typographical  Antiquities,  and  aided 
Theobald  in  his  black-letter  researches,  when  the  latter 
was  preparing  his  edit,  of  Shakspeare.  Some  of  his  MSS. 
were  used  by  Warton  in  his  History  of  English  Poetry. 
He  pub.  in  1739  an  edit,  of  Baily's,  or  rather  Hall's,  Life 
of  Bishop  Fisher,  first  pub.  in  1655.  He  was  the  originator 
of  the  scheme  adopted  by  Dodsley  of  publishing  a  collec 
tion  of  Old  English  Plays.  He  also  pub.,  in  1710,  a  poem 
supposed  to  be  his  own,  entitled  Astrea  Licrimans,  to  the 
memory  of  Sir  John  Cook,  and  in  1759  an  edit,  of  Mas- 
singer's  Works  appeared,  said  to  be  "revised,  corrected, 
and  the  editions  collated,  by  Mr.  Coxeter." 

"  We  talked  of  a  collection  being  made  of  all  the  English  poets 
who  had  published  a  volume  of  poems.  Johnson  told  me 'that 
a  Mr.  Coxeter,  whom  he  knew,  had  gone  the  greatest  length  towards 
this;  having  collected,  I  think,  about  five  hundred  volumes  of 
poets  whose  works  were  but  little  known ;  but  that  upon  his  death 
Tom  Osbourhe  bought  them,  and  they  were  dispersed,  which  he 
thought  a  pity,  as  it  was  curious  to  see  any  series  complete ;  and 


CRA 

in  every  volume  of  poems  something  good  may  be  found.' " — Bos- 
well's  Johnson. 

It  should  be  mentioned  to  Dr.  Johnson's  credit,  that  he 
often  afforded  aid  to  Coxeter's  daughter,  who  was  left  in 
needy  circumstances  hy  her  father's  death.  Coxeter  was 
secretary  to  an  English  Historical  Society,  and  he  con 
templated  the  publication  of  an  edit,  of  the  Dramatic 
Works  of  Thomas  May.  See  a  notice  of  him  in  Nichols's 
Literary  Anecdotes,  and  in  the  Gent.  Mag.  for  1756. 

Coyte,  B.,  M.D.  Con.  to  Med.  Trans.,  1785.  Hortus 
Botanicus  Gippovicensis,  Ipswich,  1796,  4to.  Index  Plan- 
tarum,  vol.  i.  1808,  8vo. 

Coyte,  Joseph  William.  A  Cockney's  Rambles  in 
the  Country,  1811,  12mo. 

Coyte,  Tobias.     Fifteen  Serms.,  1762,  2  vols.  12mo. 

Coyte,  William.     Serm.,  Norw.,  1710,  12mo. 

Cozens,  Dr.     Mercurius  Ecclesiasticus,  1645,  4to. 

Cozens,  Alexander,  d.  1786,  a  drawing-master  in 
London,  born  in  Russia.  1.  32  Species  of  Trees,  1771. 
2.  Landscapes,  1785.  3.  Nature.  4.  Principles  of  Beauty 
relative  to  the  Human  Head,  with  19  Plates  by  Bartolozzi; 
Letter  Press  in  English  and  French,  1778,  imp.  fol. 

"  A  work  very  ingenious,  but  somewhat  fanciful." — DR.  WATT  : 
Bill.  Brit. 

Cozens,  Charles.  Adventures  of  a  Guardsman, 
Lon.,  1847,  12mo. 

Cozens,  Samuel.  Biblical  Lexicon  of  2500  names 
and  places,  Lon.,  1848,  12mo. 

Cozens,  Zachariah.  1.  A  Tour  through  the  Isle 
of  Thanet,  1794.  2.  The  Margate  Hoy.  3.  A  Poem. 
Con.  to  Gent.  Mag.  See  Nichols's  Literary  Anecdotes. 

Cozzens,  Fred.  S.,  b.  1818,  in  New  York  City.  1. 
Prismatics,  N.  York,  1852.  2.  Stone  House  on  the  Sus- 
quehanna.  3.  Sparrowgrass  Papers,  1856,  12mo.  A  work 
full  of  wit  and  humour.  4.  Acadia;  or,  A  Sojourn  among 
the  Blue  Noses,  1858,  12mo.  Ed.  The  Wine-Press;  a 
Monthly  devoted  to  the  interests  of  American  vine- 
planters  and  wine-makers. 

Cozzens,  Issachar,  b.  1781,  Newport,  R.I.,  uncle 
of  the  preceding.  Geological  History  of  New  York  Island, 
N.Y.,  1843,  8vo. 

Crabb,  George,  of  Magdalen   College,  Oxford,  d. 

1854.  1.  Universal  Historical  Dictionary,  1825,  2  vols. 
4to.     2.   Dictionary  of   General   Knowledge,  5th  ed.,  by 
Rev.  H.  Davis,  1853,  cr.  8vo.     3.  Universal  Technological 
Dictionary,  1823,  2  vols.  4to.     4.  English  Synonymes,  3d 
ed.,  1824,  8vo;  1826,  4to;  pub.  in  N.  York,  10th  ed.  from 
the  folio  edit.,  1852,  8vo. 

"  A  valuable  addition  to  the  philological  treatises  which  we  pos 
sess."—  British  Critic,  Oct.  1823. 

"  As  an  etymologist,  Mr.  Crabb  seems  to  have  some  dictionary- 
knowledge  of  many  languages;  but  to  be  unacquainted  with  the 
philosophy,  or  history  even,  of  language  in  general.  .  .  .  However, 
with  all  this  apparent  incompetency  for  the  office  of  Synonymist, 
Mr.  Crabb  has  most  industriously  brought  together  a  mass  of  ma 
terials  and  observations,  which,  under  judicious  selection,  in  more 
skilful  hands,  may,  hereafter,  essentially  contribute  to  the  service 
of  English  literature." — Lon.  Quarterly  Rev.,  xxv. 

"  It  is  wished  that  some  such  work  as  the  Abbe  Girard's  Syno- 
nimes  Francoises  were  undertaken  for  our  tongue.  Nothing  would 
contribute  more  to  precise  and  elegant  writing." — Blair's  Lectures. 

5.  German  Grammar  for  Englishmen,  12mo.  6.  Eng 
lish  Grammar  for  Germans.  7.  Extracts  from  Germ.  Au 
thors  j  7th  ed.  by  Tiarks,  1841,  12mo.  8.  Germ,  and  Eng. 
Conversationists ;  9th  ed.  by  Bernays,  1846, 12mo.  9.  New 
Pantheon,  or  Mythology  of  All  Nations,  1847, 18mo.  Like 
all  Mr.  Crabb's  works,  most  useful  and  instructive. 

Crabb,  George.  1.  Conveyancer's  Assistant,  3d  ed., 
Lon.,  1845,  2  vols,  8vo;  4th  ed.,  by  J.  T.  Christie,  Lon., 

1855,  2  vols. 

"  Mr.  Christie  has  not  only  ably  revised  this  Fourth  Edition  of  the 
late  Mr.  Crabb' s  work,  but  very  materially  improved  it  by  amend 
ing,  and  in  many  cases  curtailing,  the  length  of  the  original  pre 
cedents,  and  adapting  them  to  the  established  forms  of  the  present 
day." — Lon.  Legal  Observer. 

"  No  lawyer  will  feel  his  library  to  be  complete  without  it."— 
BeWs  Messenger. 

2.  Law  of  Real  Property,  1846,  2  vols.  8vo.  3.  Hist,  of 
the  English  Law,  1829,  8vo;  41st  Am.  ed.,  Burling.,  1831, 
8vo.  This  is  founded  upon  Reeves's  Hist,  of  the  English 
Law.  4.  Digest  and  Index  of  the  Statutes,  <fcc.,  Lon., 
1841,  '47,  4  vols.  r.  8vo. 

"A  work  of  immense  labour,  most  carefully  and  satisfactorily 
stated."— Marvin's  Legal  Bibl. 

Crabb,  Habakkuk,  1750-1794.  Serms.,  Camb., 
1796,  r.  8vo. 

"A  valuable  addition  to  the  stock  of  English  Discourses." — HCGH 

WORTHINGTON. 

Crabb,  John.     Poem,  1704;  ditto,  1719,  Oxf.,  fol. 
Crabb,  Maria  J.     Tales  for  Children,  1807,  12mo. 
Crabb,  Roger.    The  English  Hermite ;  or  Wonder  of 
this  Age,  Lon.,  1655, 4to ;  reprinted  in  HarL  Miscell.,  vol.  iv. 


CRA 


CRA 


Crabbe's  Report  of  Cases  in  D.  C.  U.  States  for  the 
E.  District  of  Penna.,  1836-46,  chiefly  before  the  Hon 
Joseph  Hopkinson,  Phila.,  8vo. 

"  Mr.  Crabbe's  Reports  are  extremely  well  done.    The  style 
pood,  the  fects  of  the  cases  well  stated,  and  the  syllabus  carefullj 
abstracted."    See  Amer.  Law  Regis.,  June,  1853. 

Crabbe,  George,  1754-1832,  a  native  of  Aldborough 
Suffolk,  was  the  son  of  a  collector  of  the  salt-duties,  wh( 
placed  him  as  an  apprentice  with  a  surgeon,  which  pro 
fession  the  future  author  for  a  time  adopted.  Meeting 
with  but  little  success,  and  having  become  enamoured  of 
authorship,  he  determined  to  seek  his  fortune  in  London 
which  he  had  already  visited  as  a  medical  student.  A 
poetical  address  to  the  monthly  reviewers,  entitled,  The 
Candidate,  profited  him  but  little  either  in  pocket  or  repu 
tation,  and  the  res  angusta  domi  —  if  the  term  may  be  ap 
plied  to  a  poet's  garret  —  stared  him  in  the  face  with  a  most 
threatening  aspect.  In  this  emergency  he  made  unsuc 
cessful  applications  for  relief  to  Lord  North,  Lord  Shel- 
burne,  and  Lord  Chancellor  Thurlow.  The  latter  was 
subsequently  more  gracious  to  him,  and  presented  him 
with  £100,  and  two  years  later  with  two  small  livings. 
But  at  the  earlier  period  of  which  we  speak,  he  would 
have  been  desolate  and  destitute  indeed,  had  it  not  in  a 
happy  moment  occurred  to  him  to  make  known  his  case 
to  that  exalted  character  —  EDMUND  BURKE,  a  name  never 
to  be  mentioned  without  reverence  nor  thought  of  without 
admiration  and  esteem.  His  written  application  will  be 
found  in  the  Life  of  the  poet  by  his  son,  and  several  letters 
to  Mr.  Burke  are  pub.  in  the  Correspondence  of  the  latter. 
In  our  memoir  of  this  distinguished  statesman  and  philo 
sopher,  we  have  quoted  an  eloquent  tribute  by  Crabbe  to 
the  virtues  of  his  generous  benefactor,  and  we  have  such 
delight  in  recording  any  thing  to  the  honour  of  this  illus 
trious  man,  that  we  cannot  withhold  from  the  reader  the 
enthusiastic  eulogy  of  the  grateful  child  of  the  deeply 
obliged  author: 

"  He  went  into  Mr.  Burke's  room,  a  poor  young  adventurer, 
spurned  by  the  opulent,  and  rejected  by  the  publishers,  his  last 
shilling  gone,  and  all  but  his  last  hope  with  it:  he  came  out  vir 
tually  secure  of  almost  all  the  good  fortune  that,  by  successive 
steps,  afterwards  fell  to  his  lot—  his  genius  acknowledged  by  one 
whose  verdict  could  not  be  questioned—  his  character  and  manners 
appreciated  and  approved  by  a  noble  and  capacious  heart,  whose 
benevolence  knew  no  limits  but  its  power—  that  of  a  giant  in  in 
tellect,  who  was,  in  feeling,  an  unsophisticated  child—  a  bright  ex 
ample  of  the  close  affinity  between  superlative  talents  and  the 
warmth  of  the  generous  affections.  Mr.  Crabbe  had  afterwards 
many  other  friends,  kind,  liberal,  and  powerful,  who  assisted  him 
m  his  professional  career;  but  it  was  one  hand  alone  that  rescued 
him  when  he  was  sinking." 

By  the  assistance  of  this  true  friend,  who  took  him  un 
der  his  own  roof,  Crabbe  was  enabled  to  prepare  himself 
for  admission  to  holy  orders.  He  was  ordained  deacon  in 
1781  and  priest  in  1782.  After  officiating  for  a  time  as 
curate  to  the  rector  of  Aldborough,  he  became,  by  the  in 
fluence  of  Mr.  Burke,  chaplain  to  the  Duke  of  Rutland, 
and  took  up  his  residence  at  Belvoir  Castle.  In  1783 
Lord  Thurlow  presented  him  with  two  small  livings  in 
Dorsetshire.  He  now  felt  at  liberty  to  marry  the  object 
of  his  early  affections—  Sarah  Elmy—  who  was  removed  by 
death  in  1813.  In  this  year  —  he  had  in  the  meantime  held 
several  rectories  and  curacies  —  the  Duke  of  Rutland  gave 
him  the  living  of  Trowbridge  in  Wiltshire,  to  which  the 
incumbency  of  Croxton,  near  Belvoir,  was  subsequently 
added.  Here  he  lived  for  the  rest  of  his  life,  a  useful, 
respected,  and  beloved  parish  priest,  occasionally  relieving 
his  pastoral  duties  by  a  visit  to  his  literary  friends  in 
London,  who  admired  the  poet,  esteemed  the  man,  and 
revered  the  priest  In  1822  he  paid  a  visit  to  Sir  Walter 
Scott,  in  Edinburgh.  We  now  come  to  the  consideration 
of  his  writings.  The  Poem  of  the  Library  was  pub.  in 
1781,  4to,  and  met  with  a  flattering  reception.  Two  years 
later  appeared  The  Village,  which  confirmed  his  literary 
reputation,  and  made  the  obscure  priest  one  of  the  most 
noted  m  an  age  of  great  names.  Both  of  these  poems  had 
before  publication  received  the  benefit  of  the  revision  of 
Mr.  Burke  and  The  Village  had  passed  under  the  critical 
eye  of  Dr.  Johnson  : 


Mr" 


_..  ..  v..,.6,ua,i,  vigorous,  and  elegant, 
alterations  which  I  have  made  I  do  not  require  him  to 
adopt,  for  my  lines  are  perhaps  not  often  better  than  his  own; 
but  he  may  take  mine  and  his  own  together,  and  perhaps  between 
them  produce  something  better  than  either.  He  is  not  tothS 
his  copy  wantonly  defaced.  A  wet  sponge  will  wash  all  the  red 
lines  away,  and  leave  the  page  clear. 

«  The  dedication  will  be  least  liked.  It  were  better  to  contract  it 
into  a  short,  sprightly  address.  I  do  not  doubt  Mr.  Crabbe's  suc 
cess." — Dr.  Johnson  to  Sir  Joshua  Reynolds. 

Scenes  so  graphically  described,  appealing  to  the  ex- 


perience  of  so  many,  could  not  be  otherwise  than  widely 
read.  Those  who  read  extracts  in  the  journals  were  not 
satisfied  until  they  had  procured  the  volume,  and  the  au 
thor  felt  his  position  to  be  no  longer  doubtful.  The  News 
paper  appeared  in  1785 ;  The  Parish  Register  in  1807; 
The  Borough  in  1810;  Tales  in  Verse  in  1812;  and  his 
last  publication — Tales  of  the  Hall — in  1819.  He  sold  this 
work,  and  the  unexpired  term  of  his  former  copyrights,  to 
Mr.  Murray  for  the  handsome  sum  of  £3000.  We  should 
not  omit  to  mention,  that  two  years  before  the  publication 
of  the  last-named  work,  Mr.  Crabbe  pub.  a  Sermon  on  the 
Variation  of  Public  Opinion  as  it  respects  Religion.  In 
delineating  the  homely  everyday  scenes  of  common  Eng 
lish  life  — in  depicting  the  tenants  of  the  lowly  cottage,  the 
rude  hut,  the  parish  workhouse,  and  the  jail — perhaps 
Crabbe  has  never  been  surpassed.  His  command  of 
language  and  facility  in  rhyme  are  remarkable,  and 
without  being  free  from  diffusiveness,  there  is  often  an 
epigrammatical  terseness  in  his  lines  which  delights  even 
a  careless  reader.  Horace  Smith  calls  him  "Pope  in 
worsted  stockings,"  but  Horace  said  many  things  in  his 
wit  which  he  would  have  repudiated  in  his  wisdom.  One 
of  the  most  eloquent  criticisms  upon  Crabbe's  writings  with 
which  we  are  acquainted  will  be  found  in  Cunningham's 
Biog.  Hist,  of  England.  We  give  a  brief  extract : 

"  The  severity  of  Crabbe's  muse  consists  in  a  faithful  portraiture 
of  nature.  If  man  is  not  always  happy,  it  is  not  the  poet's  fault. 
There  is  too  much  of  sober  reality  in  lite  to  make  the  picture  other 
than  it  is.  This  Crabbe  knows,  for  he  writes  of  scenes  under  his 
own  observation.  He  lived  amidst  the  people  he  describes,  felt 
their  occasional  joys,  and  saddened  over  their  many  misfortunes. 
But  in  his  gloomiest  character  he  never  '  oversteps  the  modesty 
of  nature.'  He  does  not  accumulate  horrors  for  effect.  He  has  no 
extravagant  and  unnatural  heroes  pouring  forth  their  morbid  sen 
timent  in  his  pages.  There  is  no  sickly  affectation,  but  a  pure  and 
healthy  portrait  of  life — of  life  it  may  be  in  its  unhappiest,  but  in 
its  least  artificial,  development,  where  society  has  done  little  to 
alter  its  rough  uneducated  tones,  where  the  actual  feelings  and 
passions  of  man  may  be  traced  at  every  footstep." — Vol.  viii.  420. 

Gifford,  referring  to  the  affecting  story  of  the  village  girl 
betrothed  to  the  sailor,  in  The  Borough,  remarks : 

"  Longinus  somewhere  mentions,  that  it  was  a  question  among 
the  critics  of  his  age,  whether  the  sublime  could  be  produced  by 
tenderness.  If  this  question  had  not  been  already  determined, 
ihis  history  would  have  gone  far  to  bring  it  to  a  decision." 

Allan  Cunningham  hardly  agrees  with  the  critic  quoted 
above : 

"  Crabbe  is  a  cold  and  remorseless  dissector,  who  pauses  with  the 
streaming  knife  in  his  hands,  to  explain  how  strongly  the  blood 
s  tainted,  what  a  gangrene  is  in  the  liver,  how  completely  the 
sources  of  health  are  corrupted,  and  that  the  subject  is  a  bad  one. 

.  .  Deliver  us  from  Crabbe  in  the  hour  of  depression !  Pictures 
of  moral,  and  mental,  and  bodily  degradation,  are  frequent  through 
all  his  works ;  he  is  one  of  Job's  chief  comforters  to  the  people." — 
Biog.  and  Crit.  Hist,  of  Lit. 

We  quote  an  able  criticism  on  Crabbe  from  an  eminent 
authority : 

"  Mr.  Crabbe  is  the  greatest  mannerist,  perhaps,  of  all  our  living 
>oets ;  and  it  is  rather  unfortunate  that  the  most  prominent  features 
of  his  mannerism  are  not  the  most  pleasing.  The  homely,  quaint, 
and  prosaic  style — the  flat,  and  often  broken  and  jingly  versifica- 
ion — the  eternal  full-lengths  of  low  and  worthless  characters — 
with  their  accustomed  garnishing  of  sly  jokes  and  familiar  mo 
ralizing — are  all  on  the  surface  of  his  writings ;  and  are  almost 
unavoidably  the  things  by  which  we  are  first  reminded  of  him, 
vhen  we  take  up  any  of  his  new  productions.  Yet  they  are  not 
he  things  that  truly  constitute  his  peculiar  manner,  or  give  that 
iharacter  by  which  he  will  and  ought  to  be  remembered  with  fu- 
ure  generations.  It  is  plain,  indeed,  that  they  are  things  that 
will  make  nobody  remembered — and  can  never,  therefore,  be 
eally  characteristic  of  some  of  the  most  original  and  powerful 
joetry  that  the  world  ever  saw. 

"Mr.  C.,  accordingly,  has  other  gifts;  and  those  not  less  pecu- 
iar  or  less  strongly  marked  than  the  blemishes  with  which  they 
ire  contrasted — an  unrivalled  and  almost  magical  power  of  ob 
servation,  resulting  in  descriptions  so  true  to  nature  as  to  strike 
us  rather  as  transcripts  than  imitations — an  anatomy  of  character 
and  feeling  not  less  exquisite  and  searching — an  occasional  touch  of 
manly  tenderness — and  a  deep  and  dreadful  pathetic,  interspersed 
ay  fits,  and  strangely  interwoven  with  the  most  minute  and  humble 
)f  his  details.  Add  to  all  this  the  sure  and  profound  sagacity  of 
he  remarks  with  which  he  every  now  and  then  startles  us  in  the 
midst  of  very  unambitious  discussions;  and  the  weight  and  terse 
ness  of  the  maxims  which  he  drops,  like  oracular  responses,  on 
>ccasSons  that  give  no  promise  of  such  a  revelation;  and  last, 
hough  not  least,  that  sweet  and  seldom-sounded  chord  of  lyrical 
nspiration,  the  lightest  touch  of  which  instantly  charms  away 
11  harshness  from  his  numbers  and  all  harshness  from  his  themes 
— and  at  once  exalts  him  to  a  level  with  the  most  energetic  and 
ventive  poets  of  his  age." — LORD  JEFFREY. 

Read  articles  in  Edin.  Review,  xii.  131,  xvi.  30,  xx.  277, 

xxxii.  118,  Ix.  131;  Lon.  Quar.  Rev.,  1.  468,  Hi.  97;  Blackl 

wood's  Mag.,  v.  469;  N.  American  Rev.,  xxxix.  135.     An 

edit,  of  Crabbe's  Works  was  pub.  in  7  vols.  fp.  8vo,  Lon., 

822 ;  1823,  5  vols.  8vo,  and  r.  8vo.    Life,  with  his  Letters 

nd  Journals,  by  his  son;  new  edit.,  1838,  fp.  8vo.     New 

dit.  of  his  Life  and  Poetical  Works,  edited  by  his  son. 


CRA 

1847,  1  vol.  r.  8vo.  Poetical  Works,  with  his  Letters  and 
Journals,  1847,  8  vols.  fp.  8vo ;  Works,  <fec.,  5  vols.  8vo  ; 
also  in  1850  and  1851.  The  Life,  by  the  son  of  the  poet, 
has  been  highly  commended. 

"  We  never  read  a  more  interesting  piece  of  biography — it  is  so 
unaffected,  and  we  are  sure  so  faithful,  that  we  now  feel  as  well 
acquainted  with  the  man  as  we  have  hitherto  been  with  the  poet." 
— Lon.  Athenaeum. 

Crabtree,  Wm.     Observations  Ccelestes,  '1672,  4to. 

Crabtree,  Wm.    Funeral  Serm.,  Leeds,  1780,  8vo. 

Cracherode,  Rev.  Clayton  Mordaunt,  1729- 
1799,  educated  at  Christ  Church,  Oxford,  was  conspicuous 
for  his  taste  in  books,  pictures,  <fcc.,  and  for  his  noble  Li 
brary  and  collection  of  curiosities,  which  were  bequeathed 
to  the  British  Museum.  Three  specimens  of  his  excellent 
Latin  poetry  will  be  found  in  the  Carmina  Quadragesi- 
malia,  for  the  year  1748,  and  an  account  of  the  author  and 
his  books  is  recorded  by  Dr.  Dibdin  in  the  Bibliographical 
Decameron.  Also  see  Gent.  Mag.,  vol.  lix.,  and  Sims's 
Hand  Book  to  the  Library  of  the  British  Museum. 

"  He  was  a  splendid  star  in  the  old  school  of  bibliography — from 
the  time  of  the  sale  of  Askew's  library  to  the  day  of  his  death — 
which  latter  event  took  place  about  eight  or  nine  years  after  the 
dispersion  of  the  Pinelli  collection."— Dibdin" s  Bibliog.  Decameron, 
iii.  329. 

Cracklow,  C.  Views  of  Churches  in  Surrey,  Lon., 
1827,  4to.  This  should  accompany  Britton  and  Brayley 's 
Hist,  of  Surrey. 

Cracknell,  Benj.,  D.D.  Theolog.  treatises,  1794- 
1806. 

Craddock,Francis.Revenue  without  Taxes,1661,4to. 

Cradock,  John,  Archbp.  of  Dublin.  Serm.  before 
the  Univ.  of  Cambridge,  1739 ;  H.  of  Commons,  1752 ; 
Fast  S.,  1758. 

Cradock,  Joseph.  Tour  in  Wales,  Lon.,  1770, 12mo. 
Zobeide ;  a  Trag.,  1771, 8vo.  Account  of  parts  of  N.  Wales, 
1777, 12mo.  Literary  and  Misc.  Memoirs  and  some  of  the 
author's  writings,  1826-28,  4  vols.  8vo. 

"Anecdotes  of  many  distinguished  political,  literary,  and  thea 
tric  characters  of  the  18th  century,  travels  in  parts  of  Europe,  and 
reprints  of  several  of  the  author's  tracts  and  plays."— LOWNDES. 

Cradock,  Samuel,  1620-1706,  a  Nonconformist  di 
vine,  Fellow  of  Emanuel  College,  Oxford,  Rector  of  North 
Cadbury,  ejected,  1662.  1.  Knowledge  and  Practice,  Lon., 
1659,  8vo. 

"I  know  of  no  book  so  well  adapted  to  help  a  young  minister." 
— ORTON. 

"  One  of  the  best  systems  of  divinity  which  a  plain  man  can 
read." — BOGUE. 

"  Much  instruction  is  condensed." 

2.  Harmony  of  the  Four  Evangelists,  1668,  fol.     This 
was  revised  by  Archbishop  Tillotson. 

"In  the  seventeenth  century  it  was  deservedly  held  in  the 
highest  estimation ;  though  it  is  now  superseded  by  later  and  more 
critical  works." — T.  H.  HORNE. 

3.  The  Apostolical  History,  1672,  fol.    4.  The  Old  Testa 
ment  History  Methodized,  1683,  fol. ;  in  Latin,  at  Leyden, 
1685,  8vo.     Superseded  by  the  labours  of  Stackhouse  and 
Townsend.     5.  Exposition  of  the  Revelation,  1692,  8vo. 

"  Superseded  by  later  and  better  works."— T.  H.  HORNE. 

"  Anti-millenarian,  but  evangelical."— BICKERSTETH. 

6.  Gospel  Liberty.     7.  A  Catechism. 

"  Cradock's  three  volumes  are  very  readable :  the  two  last  on 
the  New  Testament  are  much  better  than  the  first  on  the  Old.  His 
extracts  in  the  margin  from  Hammond,  Lightfoot,  and  Grotius 
are  very  judicious;  and  I  think,  on  the  whole,  I  never  read  any 
one  author  that  assisted  me  more  in  what  relates  to  the  New  Tes 
tament." — DR.  DODDRIDGE. 

Cradock,  Thomas,  d.  1760,  Rector  of  St.  Thomas's, 
Baltimore  county,  Maryland.  Two  Serms.,  1747,  8vo. 
Trans,  of  Buchanan's  Latin  Psalms  into  Eng.  Verse,  1754, 

Cradock,  Walter,  d.  1660,  a  Puritan  divine,  travelled 
in  Wales,  and  excited  great  interest  in  religion  by  his  ser 
mons.  To  this  day  in  some  parts  of  Wales  professors  of 
religion  are  called  "  Cradocks."  Serms.,  1646, 4to.  Gospel 
Liberty,  1646,  4to.  Divine  Drops,  1650,  4to.  Gospel-holi- 
nesse,  1651,  4to.  Works,  Chester,  1800,  8vo. 

"His  works  excel  in  clearness  of  doctrine,  especially  in  the 
grand  article  of  Christian  righteousness.  The  author  discovers  a 
great  simplicity  of  manner  as  a  preacher,  with  much  energy  and 
loving  zeal." — DR.  E.  WILLIAMS. 

Cradock,  William,  D.D.     Serms.,  1713,  '18,  8vo. 

^Cradock,  Zachary,  D.D.,  1633-1695.    Serms.,  1678, 

1706,  '42.     Two  of  his  serms.,  one  on  Providence,  and  one 

on  the  Design  of  Christianity,  have  been  greatly  admired. 

Cradocke,  Edward.  The  Shippe  of  Assured  Safetie. 
Discourse  of.  God's  Providence,  Lon.,  1571,  16mo. 

Cradocot.     Sermon,  Lon.,  1663,  4to. 

Craford,  Earl  of.     Speech,  Lon.,  1641,  4to. 

Crafordius,  Matt.  Latin  treat,  on  the  Sabbath, 
1669,  8vo. 


CRA 

Crafts,  William,  1787-1826,  a  native  of  Charleston, 
S.  Carolina,  and  for  some  time  editor  of  The  Charleston 
Courier.  He  attained  considerable  distinction  as  a  law 
yer.  Poems,  Essays,  and  Orations,  with  a  Biog.  Memoir, 
Charleston,  1828.  See  Kettell's  Spec.  American  Poetry, 
ii.  144. 

Crafurdins,  Thomas.     See  CRAUFURD. 

Crafurdius.     See  CRAUFORD. 

Crag,  John.  A  Prophecy  concerning  the  Earl  of 
Essex  that  now  is,  1641,  4to. 

Cragge,  John.  1.  G.  Britain's  Prayers  in  the  time 
of  dangerous  Contagion,  1641,  4to.  2.  Against  Anabap- 
tism,  1656,  8vo.  3.  Cabinet  of  Spirituall  Jewells,  in  Eight 
Serms.,  1-657.  4.  The  Royal  Prerogative,  «fcc.,  and  a  Serm., 
1661,  8vo. 

Craghead,  Robert.  Answer  to  a  discourse  of  Bp. 
King,  Edin.,  1694,  4to. 

Craig,  A.  R.  1.  Corporal  Punishments  in  Schools, 
Lon.,  1844,  8vo.  2.  Philosophy  of  Training,  1847, 12mo. 

"  Worthy  of  attention ;  for  its  purpose  is  not  only  to  obviate  the 
necessity  of  normal  schools  for  teachers,  but  to  afford  better  guides 
to  the  mode  of  teaching  languages,  so  as  to  abridge  the  time  em 
ployed  in  attaining  them,  and  to  enable  the  learner  to  gain  them 
with  more  ease  and  accuracy." — Lon.  Gent.  Mag. 

Craig,  or  Craige,  Alexander.  Poeticall  Essayes, 
Lon.,  1604,  4to.  Amoroso  Songs,  Sonets,  and  Elegies, 
1606,  12mo.  Poeticall  Recreations,  Aberd.,  1623,  4to. 

Craig,  Edward.  Jacob,  or  Patriarchal  Piety,  1826, 
12mo.  Sermons,  1828,  12mo. 

"The  grand  doctrines  of  the  gospel  are  jere  brought  promi 
nently  forward,  and  established  by  clear  and  appropriate  testimo 
nies  from  the  sacred  volume.  We  feel  as  we  read  these  sermons 
the  kindling  ardour  of  a  devotional  spirit." — Lon.  Cong.  Mag. 

Craig,  James,  1682-1744,  a  native  of  East  Lothian, 
one  of  the  most  popular  preachers  in  Edinburgh.  Divine 
Poems.  Serms.,  Edin.,  1732-38,  3  vols.  8vo.  Greatly  ad 
mired  ;  very  scarce,  and  should  he  republished. 

Craig,  John,  1512  F-1600,  a  preacher  of  the  Reforma 
tion  in  Scotland,  wrote  the  celebrated  National  Covenant, 
and  partly  compiled  The  Second  Book  of  Discipline.  A 
Short  Summe  of  the  whole  Catechism,  Edin.,  1581,  8vo. 
So  rare,  that  a  copy  in  a  bookseller's  catalogue  some  yeara 
back,  was  priced  £8  8s.  Reprinted,  Lon.,  1591,  8vo. 

Craig,  John,  a  Scotch  mathematician.  Theologise 
Christianaa  Principia  Mathematica,  Lon.,  1699, 4to;  Leip- 
sic,  1755.  In  this  he  attempts  to  prove  that  the  Christian 
religion  will  last  only  1454  years  from  the  date  of  his  book, 
unless  the  second  coming  of  Christ  prevent  its  extinction. 
Abbe"  Hautville  refuted  his  arguments  in  his  Christian  Re 
ligion  proved  by  facts.  Craig  pub.  several  mathematical 
treatises,  and  some  papers  in  Phil.  Trans.,  1698-1712.  See 
Chalmers's  Biog.  Diet.,  and  Watt's  Bibl.  Brit. 

Craig,  John.  Origin  of  the  Distinctions  of  Rank, 
by  Prof.  Millar,  with  account  of  his  life  and  writings, 
Edin.,  1806,  8vo.  Remarks  on  Doctrines  in  Political 
Economy,  8vo.  Elements  of  Political  Science,  1814,  3 
vols.  8vo. 

Craig,  John.  New  Universal  Etymological,  Tech 
nological,  and  Pronouncing  Dictionary  of  the  English 
Language,  with  an  Essay  on  Language,  Lon.,  1852, 2  vols. 
8vo. 

"  Partaking,  from  the  copiousness  of  its  explanations,  and  the 
number  of  words,  of  the  character  of  an  Encyclopaedia.  It  con 
tains  a  vast  mass  of  important  information  on  Natural  History  and 
Science." 

Craig,  R.  D.,  and  T.  J.  Phillips.  Reports  of 
Cases  in  H.  C.  of  Chancery,  3  Viet.,  1840,  '41,  Lon.,  1842, 
8vo.  R.  D.  C.  and  J.  W.  Mylne's  Reports  in  Chancery, 
1835-41,  5  vols.  r.  8vo,  1837-48. 

Craig,  Rev.  Robert.  Refutation  of  Popery,  Lon., 
2  vols.  8vo.  Theocracy,  or  the  Principles  of  the  Jewish 
Religion  and  Polity  adapted  to  all  Nations  and  Times, 
1848,  p.  8vo. 

"  An  excellent  treatise,  written  with  clearness  and  vigour."— 
Edinburgh  Advertiser. 

Craig,  Sir  Thomas,  of  Riccarton,  1548-1608,  an 
eminent  lawyer  and  antiquary,  a  native  of  Edinburgh. 
Poemata,  Edin.,  1603,  4to;  et  inter  Delit.  Poet.  Scotar., 
Amst.,  1637,  8vo.  Jus  Feudale,  tribus  Libris  comprehen- 
sum,  left  in  MS.  by  the  author,  edited  and  pub.  by  Robert 
Burnet  in  1655,  fol.  The  2d  edit,  was  enlarged  by  Mencke- 
nius :  the  last  edit,  was  improved  by  the  notes  and  cor 
rections  of  James  Baillie,  Edin.,  1732,  fol. ;  Lon.,  1766, 
4to;  Lipsiae,  1716,  fol.  Other  edits,  and  translations.  It 
illustrates  the  Feudal  Law  as  applied  in  Scotland. 

"  A  lasting  monument  of  the  extraordinary  learning  of  its  great 
author."— BISHOP  NICOLSON  :  Hist.  Lib. 

"  Craig  has  taken  little  pains  to  search  into  the  antiquities  of 
our  law.  It  was  not  the  practice  in  his  days  either  for  historians 
or  lawyers  to  dip  into  records ;  and  our  author  appears  to  be  better 


CRA 


CRA 


acquainted  with  the  Feudal  history  of  other  countries,  which 
might  be  learned  from  books,  than  with  the  Feudal  history  of  his 
own  country,  which  must  be  gathered  from  records." — LORD  KAMES  : 
Statute  Law  of  Scotland. 

"Craig's  is  a  work  of  authority  all  over  Europe."  See  Moreri ; 
and  Laing's  Hist,  of  Scotland. 

Scotland's  Sovereignty  asserted;  being  a  dispute  con 
cerning  Homage,  Lon.,  1695,  Svo. 

"An  elaborate  treatise,  proving  that  the  kings  of  Scotland  never 
paid  nor  owed  any  homage  to  those  of  England."— BISHOP  NICOL- 
SON:  Hist.  Lib. 

The  Right  of  Succession  to  the  Kingdom  of  England, 
Lon.,  1703,  fol.,  answered  by  W.  Atwood.  Craig  was  au 
thor  of  some  Latin  poems,  which  have  been  highly  ad 
mired.  See  an  Account  of  his  Life  and  Writings  by  Pat 
rick  Fraser  Tytler,  Edin.,  1823,  Svo;  and  see  Lowndes's 
Bibl.  Manual. 

"  Sir  Thomas  Craig  is  known  in  every  enlightened  country  in 
Europe— and  his  Latin  Poems  have  been  mentioned  in  commenda 
tory  terms  by  critical  writers." — IRVINE. 

Craig?  Thomas.     Sermon,  Lon.,  1821,  8vo. 

Craig,  W.  Marshall.  Study  of  Nature  in  drawing 
Landscape,  Lon.,  1703, 4to.  He  attacks  Gilpin's  principles 
of  drawing.  Craig  pub.  several  other  works  on  painting, 
drawing,  Ac. 

Craig,  William,  D.D.,  1709-1783,  of  St.  Andrew's 
Church,  Glasgow.  Essay  on  the  Life  of  Christ,  Edin., 
1767,  12mo.  Discourses,  Edin.,  1775,  3  vols.  12mo ;  new 
edit.,  1808,  2  vols.  8vo. 

"  Habitually  pious,  ardently  devout,  and  deeply  interested  in 
the  welfare  of  those  who  listened  to  his  instruction,  he  delivered 
himself  with  genuine  and  becoming  earnestness." — PROF.  RICHARD- 
SON,  in  Biog.  Brit. 

Craigie,  David,  M.D.  Elements  of  the  Practice  of 
Physic,  Edin.,  1837-40,  2  vols.  8vo.  Elements  of  General 
and  Pathological  Anatomy,  2d  edit,  Edin.,  1847,  8vo, 
pp.  1088. 

"A  volume  which  may  he  perused  with  pleasure  and  advantage, 
both  by  the  non-professional  man  of  science  and  the  practical  ana 
tomist." — Lancet. 

See  "Anatomy,"  in  Encyc.  Brit.,  7th  edit 

Craigie,  J.,  and  J.  S.  Stewart.  Reports  of  Cases 
decided  in  the  H.  of  Lords  under  Appeal  from  Scotland, 
1720-53,  being  a  continuation  of  RolMfftuxa'ji  Reports, 
Edin.,  1825,  8vo. 

Craik,  George  Lillie,  b.  1799,  in  Fifeshire,  son 
of  a  schoolmaster,  settled  in  London  in  1824;  Prof.  Eng 
lish  Literature  and  History,  Queen's  College,  Belfast,  since 
1849.  From  the  commencement  to  the  close  of  the  Penny 
Cyclopedia  he  was  one  of  its  most  valuable  contributors 
in  history  and  biography,  and  is  one  of  the  most  useful 
writers  of  the  day.  1.  Romance  of  the  Peerage,  Lon., 
1848-50,  4  vols.  p.  8vo. 

"  We  believe  there  are  few  literary  men  in  England  who  are  so 
well  acquainted  with  this  subject  as  the  present  author."— Jer- 
rolds  Newspaper. 

2.  Bacon  :  his  Writings  and  his  Philosophy,  3  vols.  ISmo. 
Highly  commended :  see  notice  in  Lon.  Athenaeum,  &c. 
3.  Spenser  and  his  Poetry,  3  vols.  18mo.  4.  Paris  and  its 
Historical  Scenes,  2  vols.  18mo.  5.  Evils  of  Popular  Tu 
mults,  illustrative  of  the  Evils  of  Social  Ignorance,  18mo. 
6.  History  of  British  Commerce  from  the  Earliest  Time 
to  the  Present  Day,  3  vols.  18mo. 

"To  the  merchant,  the  capitalist,  the  manufacturer,  the  trades 
man,  to  all  who  are  desk-ous  of  knowing  by  what  means  England 
has  arrived  at  her  present  state  of  commercial  greatness  and  pros 
perity,  we  recommend  this  work  as  the  cheapest  and  by  far  the 
best  mode  of  obtaining  the  desired  information." — Lincoln  Stan. 

7.  History  of  Literature  and  Learning  in  England,  from 
the  Earliest  Time  to  the  Present  Day,  6  vola.  in  3,  18mo, 
1844,  '45. 

"An  invaluable  text-book  to  all  students  of  English  literature." 
— Lon.  Critic. 

8.  The  Pursuit  of  Knowledge  under  Difficulties,  (3  vols. 
•18mo;)  a  new  edit.,  to  which  is  added  Female  Examples, 

(2  vols.  18mo,)  5  vols.  in  2,  1845-47. 

"A  body  of  examples,  full  of  anecdotes  and  interest,  to  show  how 
an  ardent  desire  for  knowledge  has  been  able  to  triumph  over  the 
most  unpropitious  circumstances.  A  pleasant  book,  worthy  of 
being  accepted  by  all  thoughtful  women  and  honourable  men."— 
Lon.  Athe.ncEum. 

9.  Outlines  of  the  Eng.  Language,  1851, 12mo.   Mr.  Craik 
and  Charles  Macfarlane  were  the  principal  contributors  to 
Knight's  invaluable  Pictorial  History  of  England,  8  vols. 
euper-roy.  8vo.     See  ANDREWS,  J.  PETTIT. 

"Scrupulous  accuracy,  unwearied  research,  and  sound  criticism, 
united  with  an  ardent  desire  for  the  safe  and  gradual  advance  of 
all  that  may  practically  improve  the  condition  of  society,  are  the 
leading  characteristics  of  Mr.  Craik's  writings."— Kniaht's  Enn 
Cyc.,  Div.  Biog.,  vol.  ii. 

Crakanthorpe,  Richard,  D.D.,  1569-1624,  Fellow 
of  Queen's  College,  Oxford,  1598.  Defensio  Ecclesise  Ang- 
licanae,  Ac.,  Lon.,  1625,  4to. 

446 


"  Which  book  was  held  to  be  the  most  exact  piece  for  controversy 
since  the  time  of  the  Reformation."— Athen.  Oxon. 

Dr.  C.  also  wrote  A  Defence  of  Justinian,  1616,  4to ;  of 
Constantino,  1621,  4to;  Popish  Falsifications,  1607;  A 
Treatise  of  the  5th  Genl.  Council  at  Constantinople,  553, 
1631,  fol. ;  and  some  sermons,  <fcc.  See  Athen.  Oxon. 

"  Dr.  Crakanthorpe's  Defensio  gives  the  best  account  of  most 
Popish  controversies." 

In  his  Treatise  of  the  5th  General  Council  he  contends, 
in  opposition  to  Baronius  and  Binnius,  that  the  Pope's 
apostolical  constit  and  definitive  sentence  in  matter  of 
faith  was  condemned  as  heretical  by  the  Synod. 

Crakelt,  W.     Trigonometry,  <fcc. 

Cralle,  Richard  K.,  of  South  Carolina.  Life  and 
Works  of  John  C.  Calhoun,  N.Y.,  6  vols.  8vo.  See  p.  327. 

Cramer,  J.  A.  Catenae  Graecoruui  Patrum  in  Novuni 
Testamentum,  Oxon.,  1838-44,  8  vols.  Svo.  Ancient  Greece, 
3  vols.  Svo.  Italy,  2  vols.  Svo.  Asia  Minor,  2  vols.  Svo. 
Study  of  Modern  History,  1843,  Svo.  Cramer  and  Wick- 
ham's  Dis'sert  on  the  Pass,  of  Hannibal  over  the  Alps, 
1828,  Svo. 

"A  scholar-like  work  of  first-rate  ability." — Edin.  Review. 

Crammoud,  H.,  M.D.  Outlines  of  Human  Life,  1787, 
Svo. 

Crammond,  Robt.  and  H.,  M.D.  A  Letter  to  the 
National  Assembly  of  France,  1790,  4to. 

Cramp,  J.  M.  Text  Book  of  Popery,  Dubl.,  1831, 
12rno;  enlarged,  Lon.,  1S39,  Svo;  3d  ed.,  1851. 

"A  complete  exposure  of  the  imposture  of  the  Papal  religion  by 
authorities  the  most  unexceptionable,  the  most  decisive,  the  most 
condemning."— MENDHAM  :  Memorials  of  the  Council  of  Trent. 

Lectures  for  these  Times,  1844,  12mo. 

Crampton,  Philip,  M.D.  Profess,  treatises,  Lon., 
1805,  '13. 

Cranch,  Rev.  C.  P.,  b.  1813,  in  Alexandria,  District 
of  Columbia,  is  a  son  of  JUDGE  WILLIAM  CRANCH,  (q.  v.) 
He  pub.  a  vol.  of  poems  in  1844,  (Phila.,  12mo.)  See  spe 
cimens  in  Griswold's  Poets  and  Poetry  of  America.  The 
Last  of  the  Huggermuggers,  Bost,  1856,  12mo.  Kob- 
boltozo;  a  Sequel  to  the  above,  1857,  12mo. 

Cranch,  John.  Wills,  by  W.  Langworth,  1794,  Svo. 
Fine  Arts,  1811,  4to. 

Cranch,  Judge  Richard,  1726-1811,  a  native  of 
England,  resided  for  61  years  at  Brain  tree,  near  Quincy, 
Massachusetts.  He  pub.  his  Views  of  the  Prophecies  con 
cerning  Antichrist.  See  Allen's  Amer.  Biog.  Diet 

Cranch,  Judge  William,  1768-1S54,  son  of  the 
above.  Reports  of  Cases  in  Sup.  Court  U.S.,  Aug.  1801, 
to  Feb.  1815,  9  vols.  in  8,  Washington,  1804-17 ;  N.  York, 
1812,  Svo. 

"The  period  taken  in  by  Judge  Cranch  is  perhaps  the  most 
momentous  and  lustrous  in  our  judicial  history."— Hoff.  Leg.  Stu., 
421,  q.v.,  et  413,  560,  569;  Story's  Prom.  Notes. 

Cranch,  W.,  and  Richard  Cox,  Condensed  Reports  Su 
preme  Court  U.  States,  Washington,  1835,  Svo.  Reports 
of  Cases  in  U.  States  Circuit  Court  of  the  District  of  Co 
lumbia,  1801-41,  6  vols.  Svo. 

"The  extensive  jurisdiction,  civil  and  criminal,  original  and 
appellate,  of  the  tribunal  whose  decisions  are  here  reported,— the 
long  period  covered  by  the  volumes,— the  interest  and  variety 
of  the  subjects  adjudicated  by  the  court,  and  the  great  research 
which  characterizes  its  most  important  decisions, — concur  to 
render  this  publication  in  the  highest  degree  desirable  to  the 
community." 

Crandolph,  A.  J.  Mysterious  Hand,  1811,  3  vols. 
12mo. 

Crandon,  John.  Baxter's  Aphorisms,  Lon.,  1654, 4to. 

Crane,  John,  M.D.  Nottington  M.  Water,  Lon., 
1790,  Svo. 

Crane,  Ralph.  The  Workes  of  Mercy,  both  corporal 
and  spirituall;  A  Poem,  Lon.,  1621,  8vo.  Sykes's  sale, 
£9  10«. 

Crane,  Thomas,  of  Lancashire.  A  Prospect  of  Di 
vine  Providence,  Lon.,  1672,  sm.  Svo.  Has  only  the  ini 
tials,  T.  C. 

"A  valuahle  work."— BICKERSTETH. 

Serm.  at  Funeral  of  Rich'd  Sherlock,  D.D.,  1690,  4to. 

Crane,  Thomas.  Theolog.  treatises,  Ac.,  1772,  '74, 
'86.  Poet.  Works  of  Wm.  Smith,  D.D.  Life  and  Writings, 
1788,  Svo. 

Crane,  Wm.,  Jun.,  M.D.  Con.  to  Phil.  Mag.,  1814, 
'15  ;  Chemical  Affinity ;  the  Nature  of  Light. 

Craner,  Henry.     Sermons,  1749,  '63. 

Craner,  Thomas.     Sermon,  Lon.,  1766,  Svo. 

Cranfield,  Thomas.  An  Harmony  of  the  Gospels, 
Dubl.,  1795,  fol. 

"  It  contains  much  accurate  research,  and  much  useful  informa 
tion." — DRS.  GRAVES  AND  BARRETT. 

"  The  testimony  of  two  scholars  of  such  eminence  is  entitled  to 
the  greatest  deference  and  respect."— ORME  :  Bibl.  Bib. 


CRA 

Cranford,  James.  The  Teares  of  Ireland,  Lon., 
1642,  12mo.  Bindley  sale,  £13  13». ;  Nassau  ditto,  £17. 
Sermon  on  Heresies,  1646,  4to. 

Crank,  W.  H.  Theory  and  Practice  of  Arithmetic, 
Lon.,  1843,  12mo. 

"  Many  rules  not  generally  known  are  introduced  in  this  work." 

Cranley,  Thomas.  Amanda,  1635,  4to.  Reed,  vi. 
728 ;  Bindley,  i.  2195,  £5  17».  Qd. ;  Steevens,  1051. 

Cranmer,  George.  New  Church  Discipline,  1641, 4to. 

Cranmer,  Thomas,  D.D.,  1489-1556,  a  native  of 
Aslacton,  Nottinghamshire,  was  entered  of  Jesus  College, 
Cambridge,  in  1503,  became  a  Fellow,  1510,  '11  j  D.D., 
1523.  The  concurrence  of  his  opinions  with  the  desires 
of  Henry  VIII.  in  the  matter  of  his  divorce  from  his  bro 
ther's  widow  gained  him  the  favour  of  the  sovereign,  and 
raised  him  to  the  Archbishopric  of  Canterbury,  March  30, 
1533.  Upon  the  death  of  Henry  he  was  one  of  the  Council 
of  Regency  to  Edward  VI.,  and  laboured  zealously  to  pro 
mote  the  principles  of  the  Reformation.  Upon  the  acces 
sion  of  Mary,  he  was  imprisoned  as  an  abettor  of  the 
treason  of  Lady  Jane  Grey,  and  also  declared  guilty  of 
heresy  by  Pope  Pius  IV.  The  melancholy  story  of  the 
recantation  wrung  from  the  bodily  infirmities  and  mental 
distraction  of  an  old  man,  goaded  by  merciless  demons  in 
human  shape  to  a  state  of  desperation,  is  too  well  known 
and  too  painful  a  theme  to  be  lingered  over  here.  Indeed, 
the  Life  of  Cranmer  belongs  to  ecclesiastical  and  political, 
rather  than  to  literary,  history.  He  passed  to  heaven 
through  the  fires  of  martyrdom  on  the  21st  of  March,  1556, 
in  his  67th  year.  His  writings — for  an  account  of  which 
refer  to  the  works  cited  below — greatly  tended  to  the  pro 
motion  of  the  English  Reformation.  Cranmer's  Bible,  or 
the  Great  Bible,  as  it  is  called,  was  printed  by  Rychard 
Grafton  and  Edward  Whitchurch,  1539,  fol.  The  trans 
lation  is  Tyndale's  and  Rogers's,  carefully  revised  through 
out.  Many  edits,  were  printed  between  1540-69.  A 
beautiful  copy  on  vellum — probably  unique — formerly  the 
property  of  Henry  VIII.,  can  be  seen  in  the  British  Mu 
seum.  For  an  account  of  Cranmer's  Bible,  see  Lewis, 
Cotton,  Home,  Lowndes,  &c.  The  Instruction  of  a  Chris 
tian  Man  was  pub.  in  1537,  fol.,  and  Catechismus,  a  trans, 
from  Justus  Jonas,  in  1548,  Svo.  Cranmer  wrote  some  of 
the  Homilies,  and  various  controversial  and  explanatory 
treatises.  See  the  following  works :  Memorials  of  the  Life 
and  Works  of  Archbishop  Cranmer,  collected  by  the  Rev. 
John  Strype,  Lon.,  1694,  fol.  New  ed.,  Oxford,  Clarendon 
Press,  1812,  2  vols.  r.  Svo;  50  copies,  large  paper,  imp.  Svo; 
Sykes's  sale,  £7  10s.;  again  Oxf.,  1840,  2  vols.  Svo.  Re 
mains  ;  collected  and  arranged  by  the  Rev.  H.  Jenkins, 
Oxf.,  1S33,  4  vols.  Svo.  Writings  and  disputations  relative 
to  the  Sacrament  of  the  Lord's  Supper.  Edited  for  the 
Parker  Society  by  the  Rev.  John  Edmund  Cox,  Camb., 
1844,  imp.  Svo.  Works ;  Miscellaneous  Writings  and  Let 
ters,  edited  as  above,  for  the  P.  S.,  vol.  H.,  1846.  Writings, 
see  British  Reformers,  ix.  Reprint  of  Catechismus,  Oxf., 
1839,  Svo ;  Extracts  from  E.  J.  Barrow.  Tracts  of  An 
glican  Fathers,  i.  7.  Life  of  Cranmer  by  William  Gilpin, 
1784,  Svo.  Life  of,  by  Charles  Webb  Le  Bas,  1833,  2  vols. 
sm.  Svo.  Also  see  Burnet,  Fox,  and  Biog.  Brit.  Nor  must 
we  forget  Archdeacon  Todd's  Vindication  of  Cranmer 
against  Lingard,  Milner,  and  Butler,  1825,  '26 ;  Reply  to 
Dr.  Lingard's  Vindication  of  his  Hist,  of  England,,  1827 ; 
and  Life  of  Archbishop  Cranmer,  1831,  2  vols.  Svo.  This 
biography  is  thus  highly  commended  by  an  eminent  au 
thority  : 

"  The  most  impartial  and  complete  historical  narration  of  the 
life  of  this  celebrated  Churchman.  By  a  judicious  arrangement, 
and  a  pleasing  and  unprejudiced  style.  Mr.  Todd  has  rendered  his 
•work  highly  interesting." — Lon.  Literary  Gazette. 

The  amiability  and  ingenuousness  of  Cranmer's  cha 
racter  were  so  well  known,  that  Shakspeare  mentions  it  as 
a  common  saying  concerning  him : 

"Do  my  Lord  of  Canterbury 
But  one  shrewd  turn,  and  he's  your  friend  forever." 

Cranston,  David,  a  native  of  Scotland.  Quaestiones 
in  lib.  Magist.  Martini  de  Fortitudine,  Paris,  1511,  fol. 
Additiones  in  Moralia  Jacobi,  Almain.  Gourment,  1518,  fol. 

Cranwell,  Rev.  J.  The  Christiad,  a  Poem  from 
Vida,  1767. 

Cranwell,  L.    Bishop  and  Presbyter  equal,  1661, 4to. 

Crashaw.     Delays  in  Religion,  Lon.,  1653,  4to. 

Crashaw,  H.     The  Bespotted  Jesuit,  Lon.,  1648,  Svo. 

Crashaw,  Richard,  d.  1650  ?  son  of  the  Rev.  Richard 
Crasha'w,  was  a  native  of  London,  and  educated  at  the 
Charterhouse,  and  Pembroke  Hall,  Cambridge.  In  1637 
he  was  Fellow  of  Peterhouse.  Entering  the  Church,  he 
became  distinguished  as  an  eloquent  preacher,  but  was 


CRA 

ejected  in  1644  for  refusing  to  take  the  Covenant.  He 
now  removed  to  France,  and  became  a  convert  to  the  Ro 
man  Catholic  religion.  In  1646  Cowley  found  him  in 
Paris  in  great  pecuniary  distress,  and  secured  him  the  in 
fluence  of  Henrietta  Maria,  whose  commendatory  letters 
procured  him  the  posts  of  secretary  to  one  of  the  cardinals, 
and  canon  of  the  church  of  Loretto.  Soon  after  this  last 
promotion  he  died  of  a  fever,  about  1650.  In  1634  he  pub. 
ii  vol.  of  Latin  poems,  in  one  of  which  occurs  the  well- 
known  line — sometimes  ascribed  to  Dryden — referring  to 
the  miracle  of  the  conversion  of  water  into  wine : 
"  Nympha  pudica  Deum  vidit  et  erubuit." 
The  modest  water  saw  its  God,  and  blushed. 

His  English  Poems,  Steps  to  the  Temple.  The  Delights  of 
the  Muses,  and  Carmen  Deo  Nostro,  were  pub.  in  1646, 12mo, 
and  1648,  12mo.  Carmen  Deo  Nostro,  te  decet  Hymnus  : 
Sacred  Poems,  collected,  Paris,  1652,'  Svo.  Poetry,  with 
some  Account  of  the  Author  and  Introductory  Address,  by 
Peregrine  Phillips,  1758, 12mo.  Poetical  Works  ;  now  first 
completely  edited  by  W.  B.  Turnbull,  1858,  fp.  Svo.  His 
poetry  consists  principally  of  religious  invocations  and 
translations  of  uncommon  merit  from  the  Latin  and  Italian. 
His  luxuriance  of  imagination  and  exquisite  facility  in 
the  expression  of  his  poetical  visions  have  seldom  been 
surpassed.  Among  his  best-known  pieces  are  Hymn  to 
the  Name  of  Jesus ;  Lines  on  a  Prayer-Book ;  Music's 
Duel;  the  translation  from  Moschus,  Catullus,  and  of  a 
portion  of  Marino's  Sospetto  d'Herode.  The  latter  will 
remind  the  reader  as  forcibly  of  Paradise  Lost  as  the 
same  author's  Elegies  on  St.  Alexis  will  recall  the  fervid 
strains  in  which  Eloisa  invokes  Abelard.  Mr.  Hayley  con 
siders  that  Pope  conferred  quite  as  much  as  he  borrowed : 

"  If  Pope  borrowed  any  thing  from  Crashaw  in  this  article,  it 
was  only  as  the  sun  borrows  from  the  earth,  when  drawing  from 
thence  a  mere  vapour,  he  makes  it  the  delight  of  every  eye,  by  giv 
ing  it  all  the  tender  and  gorgeous  colouring  of  heaven." 

Pope  thus  announces  his  favourite  pieces  in  Crashaw's 
collection  : 

"  I  will  just  observe  that  the  best  pieces  of  this  author  are  a 
Paraphrase  on  Psalm  xiii.— On  Lessius. — Epitaph  on  Mr.  Ashton, — 
Wishes  to  his  supposed  Mistress,  and  the  Dies  Ira." — Letter  to  H. 
Cromwell,  Dec.  17,  1710. 

Crashaw's  editor  dissents  from  this  opinion : 

"The  reader  must  determine  whether  Mr.  Pope  has  mentioned 
the  best  pieces :  on  the  contrary,  whether  many  much  superior 
are  not  to  be  met  with  in  the  little  work  before  us ;  and  if  so,  what 
fair  reason  could  there  be  for  such  a  partial  selection." — Phittips's 
Crashaw,  p.  22. 

Selden  and  Cowley  were  intimate  friends  of  our  poet, 
and  the  monody  in  which  the  latter  laments  his  death  has 
been  highly  commended : 

"  Cowley  seems  to  have  had  what  Milton  is  believed  to  have 
wanted,  the  skill  to  rate  his  own  performances  by  their  just  value ; 
and  has  therefore  closed  his  Miscellanies  with  the  Verses  upon 
Crashaw, which  apparently  excel  all  that  have  gone  before  them; 
and  in  which  there  are  beauties  which  common  authors  may  justly 
think  not  only  above  their  attainment,  but  above  then*  ambition." 
— Dr.  Johnson's  Life  of  Cowley. 

"  Crashaw  has  originality  in  many  parts,  and  as  a  translator,  is 
entitled  to  the  highest  applause." — Headley's  Select  Beauties  of  An 
cient  Eng.  Poetry. 

"  His  translations  have  considerable  merit,  but  his  original  po 
etry  is  full  of  conceit."— Ellis's  Specimens  of  the  Early  Eng.  Poets. 
"  Poet  and  Saint !  to  thee  alone  are  given. 
The  two  most  sacred  names  of  earth  and  heaven. 

How  well  (blest  Swan)  did  fate  contrive  thy  death, 
And  made  thee  render  up  thy  tuneful  breath 
In  thy  great  mistress'  arms?    Thou  most  divine 
And  richest  offering  of  Loretto's  shrine." — COWLEY. 

Crashaw,  William,  father  of  the  preceding,  was 
preacher  at  the  Temple,  and  was  as  much  opposed  to  Ro 
manism  as  his  son  was  in  favour  of  it.  Roman  Forgeries, 
and  Falsifications  of  Authors,  Lon.,  1606, 4to.  Newes  from 
Italy  of  a  second  Moses,  &c.,  1608,  4to;  being  the  life  of 
the  Marquesse  of  Vico,  from  the  Latin  of  Beza,  by  W.  C., 
1608,  Svo.  In  this  is  contained  "the  story  of  his  admira 
ble  conversion  from  popery."  Fiscus  Papalis,  1617,  4to. 
See  Bliss's  Wood's  Athen.  Oxon.,  ii.  468,  '69.  The  Jesuites 
Gospel,  written  by  themselves,  laid  open  and  reproved,  1641, 
4to.  Other  theological  works ;  see  Bibl.  Bib. 

Crauford,  Capt.  C.  Events  of  the  War,  1756-63, 
and  a  Treatise  on  some  branches  of  the  Military  Art,  trans. 
Lon.,  1787,  3  vols.  Svo. 

Crauford,  Crawfurd,  or  Crawford,  David,  1665- 
1726,  a  lawyer  and  historiographer  of  Scotland.  Memoirs 
of  the  Affairs  of  Scotland,  1566-81,  Edin.,  1706,  Svo ;  1767, 
12mo.  His  veracity  has  been  questioned :  see  M.  Laing's 
Pref.  to  his  ed.  of  the  Historie  and  Life  of  James  the  Sixth, 
Edin.,  1804,  Svo. 

Crauford,  George.  Treats,  on  Polit.  Econ.,1785-1809. 


CRA 


CRA 


Craufurd,  Lt.  Col.     Spanish  Life,  1837,  2  vols.  8vo. 

Craufurd.  A.  Essay  on  the  Development  of  Func 
tions,  Lon.,  1844,  8vo.  Verses  on  various  occasions,  1846, 
12mo. 

Craufurd,  Charles  H.    Serms.,  Lon.,  1840,  8vo. 
Craufurd,  Sir  G.  W.  Examinations  on  Butler's  Ana 
logy,  3d  ed.,  Lon.,  1847, 12mo. 

Craufurd,  George.     See  CRAUFORD. 
Craufurd,  John  Ldndesay,  Earl  of.    Memoirs 
from  his  own  Papers,  Ac.,  Lon.,  1769,  12mo.     R.  Rolt  also 
pub.  his  Memoirs,  1753,  4to. 

Craufurd,  Quintin.  Sketches,  &c.,  relating  to  the 
Hindoos,  1792,  2  vols.  8vo.  A.  and  M.  India,  1817,  2  vols. 
8vo.  Other  works. 

Cranfurd,  Thomas.  Prof,  of  Philos.  and  Math,  in 
the  College  of  Edinburgh,  in  1646.  Locorum  Nominum, 
<fcc.  Scotorum  historiis,  <fcc.,  emend.  C.  Irvinis,  Edin.,  1665, 
12mo.  Notes,  <fcc.,  on  Buchanan's  Hist,  of  Scot.,  1708, 
12mo.  Hist,  of  Univ.  of  Edinburgh,  1580-1646,  1808,  8vo. 

"  An  extraordinary  critick  in  the  history  and  antiquities  of  Scot 
land." — BISHOP  NICOLSON  :  Scot.  Hist.  Lib. 

Craven.    See  CARLETON,  CAPT. 

Craven,  Lady  Elizabeth.  See  ANSPACH,  MAR 
GRAVINE  OP. 

Craven,  Isaac.    Sermon,  Lon.,  1658,  4to. 

Craven,  Hon.  R.  Keppel.  Tour  through  the  South 
ern  Provinces  of  Naples,  Lon.,  1821,  4to. 

"  His  work,  without  pretending  to  deep  science  or  extensive 
scholarship,  is  both  entertaining  and  instructive." — Edin.  Review. 

Excursions  in  the  Abruzzi  and  Northern  Provinces  of 
Naples,  1838,  2  vols.  8vo. 

"  To  all  those  who  have  ever  '  swam  in  a  gondola,'  &c.  these 
volumes  will  be  received  as  welcome." — Lon.  Athenaeum. 

Craven,  William,  1731-1815,  Prof,  of  Arabic,  Cam 
bridge,  educated  at  St.  John's  College.  Sermons  on  the 
Evidence  of  a  Future  State  of  Rewards  and  Punishments, 
Ac.,  Camb.,  1776,  8vo. 

"  The  subject  is  treated  with  great  perspicuity,  and  Mr.  Hume's 
objections  solidly  refuted." — BISHOP  WATSON. 

Sermon,  <fcc.,  Lon.,  1798,  8vo.  Discourses,  <fec.,  in  An 
swer  to  Mr.  Hume,  Camb.,  1802,  8vo. 

"  We  recommend  it,  as  furnishing  a  series  of  important  fects  and 
observations,  to  all  ingenious  inquirers  into  the  very  interesting 
subject  of  which  it  treats." — Edin.  Review. 

Crawford.  The  Olive  Branch,  a  Poem,  Lon.,  1814,  8vo. 

Crawford,  Mrs.  The  Lady  of  the  Bedchamber,  Lon., 
2  vols.  p.  8vo.  The  Double  Marriage. 

"A  first-rate  novel,  both  as  regards  purity  of  style,  the  interest 
of  the  tale,  and  life-like  development  of  character." — Lon.  Eve.  Post. 

Crawford,  Capt.  Reminiscences  of  distinguished 
Commanders,  Lon.,  1850,  2  vols.  p.  8vo. 

"A  work  which  cannot  Ml  of  being  popular  in  every  portion  of 
our  seagirt  isle,  and  of  being  read  with  delight  by  all  who  feel  inte 
rested  in  the  right  hand  of  our  country — its  navy." — Plymouth 
Herald. 

Crawford,  Col.  Ireland's  Ingratitude  to  the  Parlia 
ment  of  England,  Lon.,  1643,  4to. 

Crawford,  A.    Account  of  Mr.  Stern,  1760,  8vo. 

Crawford,  Adair,  d.  1795,  Prof,  of  Chemistry,  Wool 
wich.  Animal  Heat,  1779,  8vo.  Reviewed  by  Wm.  Mor 
gan,  1781,  8vo.  Tonics;  edited  by  Alex.  Crawford,  1817. 
Phil.  Trans.,  1790. 

Crawford,  Charles.  Dissert,  on  the  Phaedo  of 
Plato,  Lon.,  1774,  8vo.  Several  polit.  and  theolog.  pub 
lications,  1776-1811. 

Crawford,  G.  Drainage  Act,  Dubl.,  1843,  12mo. 
Crawford,  G.,  and  Edw.  S.  Dix,  Cases  in  Courts  of  Law 
and  Equity  in  Ireland,  1837,  '38,  Ac.,  Dubl.,  1839,  8vo. 
Cases  on  the  Circuits  in  Ireland,  1839-42,  2  vols.  and  3 
parts  of  vol.  3d,  Dubl.,  1844,  8vo. 

Crawford,  George.     Discourses,  Edin.,  1832, 12mo. 

Crawford,  George  M.  The  Case  of  Saunders  v. 
Smith,  as  to  Copyright  in  Law  Reports,  Lon.,  1839,  8vo. 

Crawford,  James,  Writer  to  the  Signet,  d.  1783. 
The  Decisions  of  the  Court  of  Session,  &c. 

Crawford,  James,  M.D.  Practical  Remarks  on  the 
Sympathy  of  the  Parts  of  the  Body. 

Crawford,  John.    Statue  to  K.  William,  Ac. 

Crawford,  John.    1.  Theory  of  Physic.    2.  Causes, 

&C.j  1  f  *-•}-,    >>2,i 

Crawford,  John  Lindesay,  Earl  of.  See  CRAU 
FURD. 

Crawford,  John,  M.D.  1.  Liver.  2.  Muscles,1772,'86. 

Crawford,  John.  Philosophy  of  Wealth,  3d  edit, 
Lon.,  1847,  8vo. 

Crawford,Patrick.  Returne  from  Poperie,  1627  4to 

Crawford,  Robert,  d.  1733,  gained  some  celebrity 
as  the  author  of  The  Bush  aboon  Traquair,  and  the  ad 
mired  lyric  of  Tweedside.     He  assisted  Allan  Ramsay  in 
his  "  Tea  Table  Miscellanies." 
448 


"  The  true  muse  of  native  pastoral  seeks  not  to  adorn  herself  with 
unnatural  ornaments ;  her  spirit  is  in  homely  love  and  fireside 
joy.  tender  and  simple,  like  the  religion  of  the  land,  she  utters 
nothing  out  of  keeping  with  the  character  of  her  people,  and  the 
aspect  of  the  soil ;  and  of  this  spirit,  and  of  this  feeliug,  Crawford 
is  a  large  partaker." — ALLAN  CUNNINGHAM  :  see  Chambers's  Cyc  of 
Eng.  Lit. 

Crawford,  William,  1676-1742,  a  Scottish  divine, 
a  native  of  Kelso.  Dying  Thoughts.  Sermons,  Lon., 
1825,  12mo. 

"  Dying  Thoughts  will  prove  a  real  friend  to  the  devout  reader." 

Crawford,  William.  1.  Remarks  on  Lord  Chester 
field's  Letters  to  his  Son.  2.  Sermon,  1776,  '86. 

Crawford,  William,  D.D.,  of  Straiton,  Scotland. 
Hist,  of  Ireland  in  a  Series  of  Letters,  Strabane,  1783, 
2  vols.  8vo.  See  an  unfavourable  notice  in  the  London 
Monthly  Review,  Ixx.  39,  which  concludes  thus : 

"  We  are  sorry  there  is  no  Index.  An  omission  of  this  kind  is 
particularly  inexcusable  in  a  History." 

Or  inexcusable  in  any  work  which  aspires  to  take  a 
permanent  place  in  literature.  "What,  even  in  works  of 
imagination  or  fancy  ?"  Yes,  even  in  such.  Dr.  Johnson 
advocated  an  Index  for  Clarissa,  and  who  would  not  de 
light  to  see  one  to  the  Waverley  Novels  ?  Let  not  this 
hint  be  thrown  away.  Mrs.  Clarke  has  given  us  an  index 
to  Shakspeare — let  us  next  have  one  to  Scott.  Who  will 
undertake  it?  Profit  and  honour  await  him.  We  have 
already  expressed  ourselves  at  large  upon  the  Index  head : 
See  AYSCOUGH,  SAMUEL.  Dr.  Crawford  also  pub.  a  vol. 
of  Sermons,  Edin.,  1815,  8vo." 

Crawford,  William  H.,  and  Horatio  Marbury. 
A  Digest  of  the  Laws  of  Georgia,  Savannah,  1802,  4to. 
Prepared  under  the  special  authority  of  the  State. 

Crawfurd,  Charles.     See  CRAWFORD. 

Crawfurd,  David.     See  CRAUFURD. 

Crawfurd,  Thomas.     See  CRAUFURD. 

Crawfurd,  George.  1.  Hist,  of  the  Family  of  tho 
Stewarts,  1034-1710,  Edin.,  1710,  fol.  New  edit,  to  the 
present  time  by  W.  Semple,  Paisley,  1782,  4to.  Enlarged 
and  continued  to  present  time  by  George  Robertson,  Pais 
ley,  1818,  4to.  A  valuable  work.  2.  The  Peerage  of 
Scotland,  Edin.,  1716,  fol. 

"As  the  first  publication  on  the  Peerage  of  Scotland,  this  worh 
is  deserving  of  great  praise." 

Lives  and  Characters  of  the  Crown  and  State  Officers  of 
Scotland,  Edin.,  1726,  fol.,  vol.  i.  only  pub. 

Crawfurd,  John,  late  British  Resident  at  the  Court 
of  the  Sultan  of  Java.  1.  Hist,  of  the  Indian  Archipelago, 
Edin.,  1820,  3  vols.  8vo. 

"This  is  a  valuable  work,  particularly  in  what  relates  to  the 
actual  commerce  and  commercial  capabilities  of  these  islands :  it 
also  treats  of  the  manners,  religion,  language,  &c.  of  the  inhabit 
ants;  but  on  some  of  these  points  not  with  the  soundest  judg 
ment,  or  the  most  accurate  information." — STEVENSON  :  Voy.  and 
Trav. 

Dr.  Murray  tells  us  that  he  was  induced  to  omit  a  de 
scription  of  the  Islands  of  the  Indian  Archipelago,  in  con 
sequence  of  so  "full  and  interesting  a  view  having  been 
given  by  Mr.  Crawfurd."  See  Hist.  Acct.  of  Discoveries 
and  Trav.  in  Asia. 

2.  Siam  and  Cochin   China,   1828,  4to;  2d  ed.,   1830, 
2  vols.  8vo. 

"A  very  valuable  contribution  to  the  geography  and  statistics 
of  the  Oriental  world,  and  one  of  the  most  interesting  narratives 
we  have  for  some  time  past  been  called  upon  to  notice." — Lon. 
Monthly  Review. 

3.  Court  of  Ava  in  1827, 1829,  4to;  2d  ed.,  1834,  2  vols. 
8vo. 

"  This,  like  Mr.  Crawfurd's  other  publications,  contains  a  large 
store  of  information,  and  many  sound  and  judicious  remarks  on 
the  institutions  and  manners  of  the  East." — Westminster  Review. 

"  This  and  the  preceding  work  give  not  only  the  latest,  but  the 
best  and  most  authentic,  accounts  of  the  countries  referred  to ; 
and  have  added  most  materially  to  our  knowledge  of  a  very  large 
portion  of  Eastern  Asia." — McCuixocH :  Lit.  of  Polit.  Economy. 

Mr.  Crawfurd  is  also  one  of  the  contributors — the  others 
are  Hugh  Murray,  Peter  Gordon,  Capt.  Thomas  Lynn,  and 
Professors  Wallace  and  Burnett— to  the  excellent  account 
of  China,  illustrated  by  Jackson,  pub.  in  3  vols.  sm.  8vo, 
forming  part  of  Oliver  and  Boyd's  Edin.  Cab.  Library. 

"  The  best  digest  which  has  yet  appeared,  adapted  to  the  object 
In  view,  that  of  giving  a  popular  account  of  the  empire  of  China." 
— Asiatic  Journal. 

4.  Inquiry  into  the  System  of  Taxation  in  India,  8vo. 
5.  Letters  on  the  Interior  of  India,  8vo.  6.  Taxes  on  Know 
ledge,  1836,  8vo.     The  taxes  objected  to — the  stamp-duty 
on  newspapers,  and  the  duty  on  paper — were  subsequently 
reduced,  the  former  about  66,  and  the  latter  about  50,  per 
cent. ;  and  the  duty  on  newspapers  has  also  been  repealed. 
7.  Grammar  and  Dictionary  of  the  Malay  Language,  1852, 
2  vols.  8vo. 

"  These  volumes  are  inestimable  to  the  philologist  as  well  as  the 
Eastern  traveller  and  trader." — Lon.  Examiner. 


CRA 


CRE 


Crawskey,  John.  The  Countryman's  Instructor,  ' 
Lon.,  1636,  4to.  The  Good  Husband's  Jewel,  York,  1661. 

Crayon,  Geoffrey.     See  IRVING,  WASHINGTON. 

Creamer,  Hannah  G.,  b.  at  Salem,  Mass.  Gift  for 
Young  Students.  Eleanor.  Delia's  Doctors,  &o. 

Crease,  J.    Prophecies  Fulfilling,  1785,  8vo. 

Crease,  Jas.  1.  Varnishing.  2.  Wood  Work,  1800/03. 

Creaser,  Thomas.    Vaccine  Inoculation,  1800,  '03. 

Creasy,  Edward  Shepherd,  M.A.,  b.  1812,  at  Bex- 
ley,  in  Kent,  Eng.,  Prof,  of  Hist,  at  Univ.  Coll.,  Lon.  1. 
Parega :  Poems,  1843,  r.  8vo.  2.  Eton  College,  Lon.,  1848, 
p.  8vo :  see  Lon.  Lit.  Gaz.,  1848,  305.  3.  Text-Book  of  the 
Constitution,  1848,  8vo  :  see  No,  10.  4.  Sub  Rege  Sacerdos  : 
Comments  on  Bp.  Hampden's  Case,  1848,  8vo.  5.  Eminent 
Etonians,  1850,  r.  8vo.  6.  Battle  of  Waterloo,  1852,  12mo. 
7.  Fifteen  Decisive  Battles  of  the  World:  Marathon  to 
Waterloo,  1852,  8vo;  9th  ed.,  1858.  8.  Invasions  and  Pro 
jected  Invasions  of  England  from  the  Saxon  Times,  1852, 
8vo.  9.  History  of  the  Ottoman  Turks,  1856,  2  vols.  8vo. 
10.  Rise  and  Progress  of  the  English  Constitution,  1856, 
8vo.  This  is  the  3d  ed.  of  No.  3. 

"  An  admirable  summary  of  knowledge,  which  every  well-edu 
cated  Englishman  ought  to  possess." — Lon.  Lit.  Gaz. 

Creech,  Rev.  Thomas,  1659-1701,  Fellow  of  All 
Souls'  College.  Trans,  of  Lucretius,  Oxf.,  1682,  8vo  ;  best 
ed.,  Glasgow,  1759,  12mo. 

"  Creech's  Lucretius,  the  notes  included,  is  a  great  performance." 
— HARTLEY  COLERIDGE. 

Trans,  of  Horace,  1684.  Creech  also  pub.  translations 
from  Theocritus,  Ovid,  Plutarch,  Juvenal,  and  others. 
Creech  committed  suicide,  which  rash  act  Jacob  ascribes 
to  his  splenetic  temper. 

But  Mr.  Malone  has  proved  that  Creech  had  previously 
exhibited  marks  of  insanity.  See  Biog.  Brit. 

"  Creech  is  a  much  hetter  translator  than  he  is  usually  supposed 
and  allowed  to  be.  He  is  a  nervous  and  vigorous  writer :  and 
many  parts  not  only  of  his  Lucretius,  but  of  his  Theocritus  and 
Horace,  (though  now  decried,)  have  not  been  excelled  by  other 
translators.  One  of  his  pieces  may  be  pronounced  excellent ;  his 
translation  of  the  thirteenth  satire  of  Juvenal;  equal  to  any  that 
Dryden  has  given  us  of  that  author." — DR.  WARTON, — an  un 
doubted  judge. 

A  Step  to  Oxford — an  Essay  on  Creech's  Suicide — was 
pub.,  Lon.,  1700,  4to. 

Creech,  William,  1745-1815,  an  eminent  bookseller 
of  Edinburgh.  Trial  of  Brodie  and  Smith,  Edin.,  1789, 
4to.  Edinburgh  Fugitive  Pieces,  Edin.,  1791,  8vo ;  new 
ed.,  1815,  8vo. 

Creed,  Cary  E.     Of  Pembroke's  Statues,  1731,  4to. 

Creed,  Wm.  1.  Refuter.  2.  Sermon.  3.  Sermon. 
Lon.,  1660. 

Creffield,  Edward.     Theolog.  treatises,  1711-77. 

Creichton,  Capt.  John.  Memoirs  of,  from  his  own 
materials;  drawn  up  and  digested"by  Dean  J.  Swift,  1731. 
By  the  Dean's  interest  in  this  work,  £200  was  secured  to 
the  aged  soldier.  See  an  interesting  account  of  the  work 
in  the  Lon.  Retrosp.  Review,  v.  238. 

Creigh,  Alfred,  b.  1810,  in  Penna.  Masonry  and 
Anti-Masonry,  8vo.  Analytical  Text  Book  for  the  Ma 
sonic  Student,  12mo. 

Creighton,  H.    Ruins  of  Gour,  1817,  r.  4to. 

Creighton,  J.  C.  Acts  relating  to  Insolvent  Debtors. 
Dubl.,  1841,  8vo. 

Creighton,  James.  Origin  of  true  Religion,  Lon., 
1803,  8vo.  Fenelon's  Dialogues  on  Eloquence,  trans,  by 
Simpson ;  new  ed.,  1808,  8vo. 

Creighton,  or  Crighton,  Robert,  1593-1672,  edu- 

,cated  at  Trinity  College,  Cambridge,  Bishop  of  Bath  and 

Wells,  1670,  trans.  Sylvester  Syguropolus's  History  of  the 

Council  of  Florence  from  Greek  into  Latin,  Hague,  1660. 

Wood  states  that  he  had  some  sermons  in  print. 

Creighton,  Robert,  D.D.,  1639-1736,  son  of  the 
above,  pub.  a  vol.  of  Sermons  in  1720.  He  was  quite  fa 
mous  for  skill  in  Church  Music.  The  celebrated  anthem 
for  four  voices,  "  I  will  arise  and  go  to  my  Father,"  pub. 
by  Dr.  Boyce,  is  the  composition  of  Dr.  Creighton. 

Cresner,  A.    Vindication  of,  Lon.,  1687,  4to. 

Cressener,  Drue,  D.D.  Judgments  of  God  on  the 
R.  Catholic  Church,  Lon.,  1689,  4to.  Demonstration  of 
the  First  Principles  of  the  Protestant  Applications  of  the 
Apocalypse,  1690,  4to. 

"  A  work  full  of  instruction  and  copious  testimonies  from  the 
Romanists." — BICKERSTETH. 

Cresset,  Edward,  d.  1754,  Bishop  of  Llandaff,  1748. 
Serm.,  Ps.  Ixvi.  7,  Lon.,  1749,  4to :  2  Tim.  ii.  9, 1753, 4to. 
Cressey,  or  Cressy,  Hugh  Panlin  de,  or  Sere- 

nus,  1605-1674,  a  native  of  Wakefield,  Yorkshire,  Fellow 
of  Merton  College,  Oxford,  1626,  took  holy  orders,  and 


became  chaplain  to  Thomas,  Lord  Wentworth,  and  subse 
quently  to  Lucius,  Lord  Falkland,  who  promoted  him  to 
the  deanery  of  Laughlin,  and  a  canonry  of  Windsor,  which 
the  troubles  of  the  times  prevented  his  enjoying.  He 
travelled  in  Italy,  and  in  1646,  whilst  at  Rome,  embraced 
the  Roman  Catholic  religion.  He  resided  for  seven  or 
more  years  in  the  College  of  Douay,  where  he  changed  his 
name  to  Serenus  de  Cressey.  After  the  Restoration  he 
came  to  England,  and  became  chaplain  to  Queen  Cathe 
rine.  Shortly  before  his  death  he  retired  to  Grinstead  in 
Sussex. 

Examologesis,  or  a  faithful  Narrative  of  the  Conversion 
unto  Catholique  Unity,  of  Hugh  Paulin,  lately  Deane  of 
Laghlin  in  Ireland,  and  Prebend  of  Windsore  in  England, 
Paris,  1647,  sm.  8vo ;  1653,  8vo.  The  last  ed.  contains  an 
answer  to  J.  P.,  author  of  the  preface  to  Lord  Falkland's 
work  on  Infidelity. 

"His  Examologesis  was  the  golden  calf  which  the  English 
Papists  fell  down  and  worshipped.  They  hrag'd  that  book  to  be 
unanswerable,  and  to  have  given  a  total  overthrow  to  the  Chil 
ling  worthians,  and  book  and  tenets  of  Lucius,  Lord  Falkland." — 
Athen.  Oxon. 

"  Among  the  Catholic  writers  in  the  reign  of  Charles,  the  Second, 
none  was  more  distinguished  than  Hugh  Paul  Cressy.  The  fruit 
of  his  studies  appeared  in  his  Examologesis." — CHARLES  BUTLER. 

Sancta  Sophia,  Douay,  1657,  2  vols.  8vo :  see  BAKER* 
DAVID.  R.  C.  Doctrines  no  Novelties,  1663,  8vo.  Church 
Hist,  of  Brittany,  or  England,  from  the  beginning  of 
Christianity  to  the  Norman  Conquest,  Roan,  1668,  fol. ; 
completed  only  to  about  1350.  Vol.  ii.  was  unfinished 
when  the  author  died.  This  is  compiled  principally  from 
the  Annales  Ecclesiae  Britannicse  of  MICHAEL  ALFORD, 
q.  v.,  vols.  i.  and  ii.  of  Monast.  Anglic.,  the  Decem  Scrip- 
tores  Hist.  Anglicanse,and  the  collections  of  DAVID  BAKER, 
q.  v.,  et  Athen.  Oxon. 

Cressey  has  been  blamed,  particularly  by  Lord  Clarendon, 
for  introducing  the  accounts  of  so  many  miracles  and 
monkish  stories  into  this  history ;  but  Wood  excuses  him 
as  follows : 

"  Yet  let  this  be  said  of  him,  that  for  as  much  that  he  doth 
mostly  quote  his  authors  for,  and  leaves  what  he  says  to  the  judg 
ment  of  the  readers,  he  is  to  be  excused,  and  in  the  meantime  to 
be  commended  for  his  grave  and  good  stile,  proper  for  an  ecclesias 
tical  historian." — Athen.  Oxon. 

Sixteen  Revelations  of  Divine  Love.  Fanaticism  fana 
tically  imputed  to  the  Catholic  Church,  by  Dr.  Stillingfleet, 
and  the  imputation  refuted  and  retorted,  1672,  8vo.  Ques 
tion,  Why  are  you  a  Catholic?  with  the  Answer;  Why  are 
you  a  Protestant?  an  Answer  attempted  in  vain,  Lon., 
1672,  8vo.  Answer  to  Dr.  Stillingfleet's  Idolatry  practised 
in  the  Church  of  Rome,  1674,  8vo-  The  Earl  of  Claren 
don  came  to  the  rescue  in  a  Vindication  of  Dr.  Stilling 
fleet.  This  elicited  Cressey's  Epistle  Apologetical  to  a 
Person  of  Honour,  touching  his  Vindication  of  Dr.  Stil 
lingfleet,  1674,  8vo.  Cressey  pub.  an  Answer  to  Bagshaw, 
1662,  a  Letter  and  Remarks  upon  the  Oaths  of  Supremacy 
and  Allegiance.  Clarendon  had  been  his  acquaintance  at 
Oxford,  and  lamented  his  change  of  religion  : 

"  If  we  cannot  keep  him  a  minister  of  our  church,  I  wish  he 
would  continue  a  layman  in  theirs,  which  would  somewhat  lessen 
the  defection,  and,  it  may  be,  preserve  a  greater  portion  of  his  in 
nocence."—  Letter  to  Earle:  see  State  Papers,  Oxf.,  1773,  voL  ii.  322, 
and  Bliss's  Wood's  Athen.  Oxon.,  iii.  1016. 

Cresswell,  C.     See  BARNEWALL,  R.  V. 

Cresswell,  Daniel,  D.D.,  1776-1844,  Fellow  of 
Trinity  College,  Cambridge.  Linear  Perspective,  Camb., 
1811,  8vo.  Maxima  and  Minima,  1816,  8vo,  1822.  Sphe 
rics,  1816,  8vo.  Sup.  to  the  Elements  of  Euclid,  1822,  8vo. 
Treatise  of  Geometry,  1822,  8vo.  Sermons  on  Domestic 
Duties,  Lon.,  1829,  12mo. 

Cresswell,  R.  N.  Cases  of  Insolv.  Debtors,  Lon., 
1830,  8vo. 

Cresswell,  Thos.  E.  Narrative  of  his  Affair  with 
Miss  S ce,  1747,  8vo. 

Cresswick.  The  Female  Reader;  pieces  in  prose  and 
verse,  Lon.,  1781,  12mo. 

Cressy,  H.  P.  de.     See  CRESSET. 

Cresswell,  Jos.  Elizabethse  Anglise,  Reginse  Res- 
ponsio  ad  Edictum,  Roma,  1593,  4to. 

"Written  to  prove  the  lawfulness  of  rising  against  an  heretic 
prince."— LOWNDES. 

Cresy,  Edward.  Architecture  of  the  Middle  Ages 
of  Italy,  Lon.,  imp.  4to.  Treatise  on  Bridges,  Vaults,  Ac., 
1839,  fol.  Analytical  Index  to  Hope's  Architecture,  Svo. 
Encyclopaedia  of  Civil  Engineering,  Historical,  Theoreti 
cal,  and  Practical,  Illustrated  by  upwards  of  3000  engrav 
ings  on  wood,  by  R.  Branston,  pp.  1655,  Lon.,  1847,  Svo, 
£3  13«.  6d!. 

"  An  extremely  valuable  book,  filled  with  information  of  the 
most  important  kind  to  the  young  engineer."— ion.  Artisan. 


ORE 


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Creuze,  A.  F.  B.,  editor  of  the  Papers  on  Naval 
Architecture.  Treat,  on  the  Theory  and  Prac.  of  Naval 
Architecture,  Edin.,  1840,  4to :  see  Encyc.  Brit.,  7th  edit. 

"  One  of  the  best,  because  the  clearest  and  at  the  same  time  most 
perfectly  comprehensive,  disquisitions  on  ship-building." 

Crevecceur,  Hector  St.  John,  1731-1813,  b.  at  Caen, 
Normandy,  of  a  noble  family,  settled  in  America,  1754.  1. 
Letters  from  an  American  Farmer,  Phila.,  1794;  Lon.,  1782 : 
see  Edin.  Rev.,  Oct.  1829;  AYSCOUGH,  SAML.  Trans,  into 
French,  2  edits.,  Paris,  1784,  '87.  2.  Voyage  dans  le  Haut 
Pennsylvanie  et  dans  1'Etat  de  New  York,  par  un  Membre 
Adoptif  de  la  Nation  Oneida,  Paris,  1801,  3  vols.  8vo. 

Crewdson,  Isaac.  A  Beacon  to  the  Society  of 
Friends,  Lon.,  1835,  12mo. 

"An  admirable  work."— LOWNDES. 

Crewe,  Charles  H.  Seven  weeks  in  the  West,  Lon., 
1841,  12mo.  Doctrine  of  the  N.  Test,  on  Prayer,  ISino. 
The  System  behind  the  Age,  1846,  12mo. 

Crewe,  Thomas.  Nosegay  of  Moral  Philos.,  Ac., 
Lon.,  1580,  Ac. 

Crewe,  or  Crew,  Sir  Thomas.  Proceedings  and 
Debates  in  the  House  of  Commons,  Lon.,  1707,  8vo. 

Creyghton,  Robert,  D.D.     See  CREIGHTON. 

Cribb,  William.     Med.  Treatise,  Lon.,  1773,  8vo. 

Crichton,  Alexander,  M.D.  Mental  Derangement, 
Lon.,  1798,  2  vols.  8vo.  Table  of  Diseases,  1805.  Tar  as 
a  cure  for  Pulmonary  Consumption,  1818.  Arnica  Mon 
tana  ;  the  Lichislandicus ;  in  Med.  Jour.,  vol.  x. 

Crichton,  Sir  A.  M.  Commentaries  on  some  Doc 
trines  of  a  dangerous  tendency  in  Medicine,  Lon.,  1842,  8vo. 

Crichton,  Andrew.  Converts  from  Infidelity,  being 
vols.  vi.  and  vii.  of  Constable's  Miscellany. 

"  These  vols.  amply  illustrate  the  truth  of  Abp.  Sharpe's  asser 
tion,  that  the  best  evidences  of  Christianity  might  be  obtained 
from  the  death-bed." — Loivndes's  Brit.  Lib. 

Koch's  Revolutions  of  Europe ;  from  the  French,  3  vols. 
18mo. 

"  A  most  useful  work,  and  written  with  much  care." — HEEREN. 

History  of  Arabia,  Ancient  and  Modern,  1848,  2  vols. 
sm.  8vo. 

"  We  recommend  this  able  and  elaborate  work  to  our  readers, 
as  the  only  one  in  the  English  language  to  which  they  can  refer 
with  the  expectation  of  obtaining  satisfactory  information  on  the 
history  and  national  character  of  the  Arabs." — Lon.  Monthly  Rev. 

Scandinavia,  Ancient  and  Modern ;  being  a  History  of 
Denmark,  Sweden,  and  Norway,  by  A.  Crichton  and  Henry 
Wheaton,  author  of  the  Hist,  of  the  Northmen,  &c.,  2  vols. 
sm.  8vo ;  2d  ed.,  1848. 

"  To  the  student  of  our  own  early  records,  this  work  will  prove 
a  valuable  auxiliary." — Asiatic  Journal. 

"  A  complete  account  of  its  subject." — Lon.  Spectator. 

Crichton,  James,  "The  Admirable,"  can  hardly 
claim  much  space  as  an  author,  but  shall  not  be  altogether 
omitted.  His  birth  has  been  generally  placed  in  1551,  but 
Lord  Buchan  has  decided  that  he  was  born  in  August, 
1560.  His  lordship  also  settles  upon  July,  1582,  as  the 
time  of  his  death.  He  was  the  son  of  Robert  Crichton, 
Lord  Advocate  of  Scotland,  and  was  descended  by  his 
mother,  a  Stuart,  from  King  Robert  II.  After  studying 
at  the  Perth,  and  at  the  University  of  St.  Andrew's,  and 
"acquiring  a  knowledge  of  ten  languages,  and  all  the 
sciences  when  16  to  20  years  of  age,"  (!)  he  travelled 
abroad,  and  visiting  Paris,  Venice,  Rome,  <fcc.,  challenged 
the  Rabbi  of  the  different  universities  to  learned  disputa- 
.  tions  upon  any  subject  whatever.  He  was  killed,  it  is 
'  said,  in  a  rage  of  jealousy, — a  lady,  of  course,  being  the 
exciting  cause, — by  Vincentio,  his  pupil,  a  son  of  Gonzaga, 
Duke  of  Mantua.  Those  who  would  know  more  of  one 
of  the  most  remarkable  characters  of  history,  must  con 
sult  the  works  of  Sir  Thomas  Urquhart,  Bayle,  Joannes 
Imperialis,  Francis  Douglas,  Patrick  Eraser  Tytler,  and 
the  article  by  Dr.  Kippis  in  the  Biog.  Brit.,  partially  com 
piled  from  a  MS.  drawn  up  by  the  Earl  of  Buchan,  for  the 
Society  of  Antiquaries  at  Edinburgh.  In  the  Biog.  Brit. 
will  be  found  four  Latin  Poems,  the  only  literary  remains 
of  the  Admirable  Crichton. 

« These  will  not  exhibit  him  in  a  very  high  point  of  view. 
Some  fancy,  perhaps,  may  be  thought  to  be  displayed  in  the* 
longest  of  Jbis  poems,  which  was  written  on  occasion  of  his  ap 
proach  to  the  city  of  Venice The  other  three  poems  have  still 

less  to  recommend  them.  Indeed  his  verses  will  not  stand  the  test 
of  a  rigid  examination,  even  with  regard  to  quantity."-!?^.  Brit. 

.  C"<!f1t?n  7as  as  celebrated  for  his  personal  beauty,  and 
his  skill  in  fencing,  drawing,  and  other  polite  accomplish 
ments,  as  for  his  marvellous  erudition.  Joannes  Imperia- 
hs,  an  Italian  biographer,  cannot  say  enough  in  his  praise : 

"What  can  more  exceed  our  comprehension,  than  that  Crich 
ton,  m  the  twenty-first  year  of  his  age,  should  be  master  of  ten 
different  languages,  and  perfectly  well  versed  in  philosophy,  ma 
thematics,  theology,  polite  literature,  and  all  other  sciences?  Be 
sides,  was  it  ever  heard,  in  the  whole  compass  of  the  globe,  that  to 


these  extraordinary  endowments  of  the  mind,  should  be  added  a 
singular  skill  in  fencing,  dancing,  singing,  riding,  and  in  every 
exercise  of  the  gymnastic  art?" 

This  is  sufficiently  high-flown,  but  Imperialis  has  not 
done  with  us  yet;  for  he  goes  on  to  declare  that  when 
Crichton  died, 

"  The  report  of  so  sad  a  catastrophe  was  spread  to  the  remotest 
parts  of  the  earth ;  that  it  disturbed  universal  Nature ;  and  that 
in  her  grief  for  the  loss  of  the  Wonder  she  had  produced,  she 
threatened  never  more  to  confer  such  honour  upon  mankind." 

The  last  paragraph  is  not  to  be  disputed.  Certainly  the 
world  has  since  seen  no  such  Phoenix !  We  should  not 
omit  to  mention  that  Crichton's  tract  of  Epicedium  illus- 
trissimii  et  reverendissimi  Cardinalis  Boromsei,  Mediolani, 
1584,  4to — so  rare  that  it  is  asserted  there  is  no  other  copy 
known  than  that  in  the  Sapienza  College  at  Rome — was 
reprinted  in  1825  by  a  distinguished  book-collector  for  pri 
vate  distribution.  25  copies  were  struck  off  on  paper,  and 
one  on  vellum. 

Crighton,  Robert.     See  CREIGHTOX. 

Crimmin,  D.  M.  Diss.  upon  Rhetoric,  Lon.,  1811, 8vo. 

Crimsall,  Richard.  Cupid's  Solicitor  of  Love,  with 
sundry  Compliments,  Lon.,  12mo. 

Crine.     Management  of  the  Gout,  1758,  8vo. 

Cripps,  Henry  W.  Reports,  1849-50.  Laws  relating 
to  the  Church  and  Clergy,  Lon.,  1845,  8vo;  2d  ed.,  1850. 

"  Mr.  Cripps  has  taken  the  happy  via  media  between  too  copious 
and  elaborate  a  Codex  of  Church  Law  on  the  one  side,  and  a  vade 
mecum  of  it,  in  a  too  abstract  and  narrow  consideration,  on  the 
other."— 3  L.  M.  N.  S.  151. 

Cririe,  James,  D.D.  Scottish  Scenery;  or  Sketches 
in  Verse,  Ac.,  Lon.,  1803,  4to. 

Crisp,  J.  The  Conveyancer's  Guide,  or  Law  Student's 
Recreation,  a  Poem,  3d  ed.,  Lon.,  1835,  12mo.  Mr.  Crisp 
is  a  wag.  He  here  teaches  the  principles  of  Conveyancing 
in  Hudibrastic  verse !  He  insists  that  Poetry  is  the  ori 
ginal  language  of  the  Law  !  Every  lawyer  must  have  it. 

Crisp,  John.     Nature  of  Vision,  Lon.,  1796,  8vo. 

Crisp,  Samuel,  son  of  Tobias.  Christ  made  Sin, 
Lon.,  1691,  4to.  New  ed.,  1832,  2  vols.  8vo.  See  CRISP, 
TOBIAS. 

"  With  much  earnestness  we  recommend  this  masterly  defence 
of  Dr.  Crisp,  written  by  his  son ;  happy  such  a  father,  and  blessed 
is  such  a  progeny !" — Lon.  Gospel  Mag. 

Christ  Alone  Exalted  in  Dr.  Tobias  Crisp's  Sermons ;  in 
answer  to  Mr.  D.  Williams's  Pref.  to  his  Gospel  Truth 
stated,  Lon.,  1693,  4to. 

Crisp, Samuel.  Two  Theolog.  Letters,  Lon.,  1795,8vo. 

Crisp,  Stephen,  a  Quaker.  Charitable  Advice,  Lon., 
1688,  4to.  Serms.  or  Declarations,  1693,  '94,  3  vols.  8vo. 
A  Word  in  due  season,  4to. 

Crisp,  Tobias,  D.D.,  1600-1642,  a  native  of  London, 
studied  at  Eton  and  Cambridge,  and  afterwards  removed 
to  Baliol  College,  Oxford.  He  became  Rector  of  Brink- 
worth,  "Wiltshire,  in  1627.  In  1642  he  removed  to  London 
to  escape  "the  insolencies"  of  the  Cavaliers,  who  disliked 
his  puritanical  principles  and  republican  tendencies. 

"Where  [in  London]  his  opinions  [Antinomian]  being  soon  dis 
covered,  he  was  baited  by  52  opponents  in  a  grand  dispute  concern 
ing  freeness  of  the  grace  of  God  in  Jesus  Christ  to  poor  sinners, 
&c.  By  which  encounter,  which  was  eagerly  managed  on  his  part, 
he  contracted  a  disease  that  brought  him  to  his  grave." — Athen. 


Surely  52  opponents  were  too  much  for  a  mortal  man  ! 
Some  good  old  bishop  used  to  say  that  when  a  man  en 
gaged  in  controversy,  he  might  bid  adieu  to  peace.  If, 
then,  one  disputant  can  rob  us  of  peace,  52  would  soon  fin 
ish  the  most  robust !  The  principal  parties  in  this  contro 
versy  were  Williams,  Edwards,  Lorimer,  <fcc.  against  Crisp, 
and  Chauncey  Mather,  Lobb,  <fcc.  on  his  side.  Crisp  left 
them  to  carry  on  the  war — he  died  in  1642 — and  it  was 
maintained  for  seven  years.  After  his  death  14  of  his 
serms.  were  pub.  under  the  title  of  Christ  Alone  Exalted, 
1643,  8vo;  17  serms.  do.,  1644,  8vo;  11  serms.  do.,  1646; 
2  serms.  do.,  1683,  8vo.  Christ  made  sin,  Lon.,  1691,  4to. 
New  ed.,  with  Explanatory  Notes  and  a  Memoir  by  Dr. 
Gill,  1832,  2  vols.  8vo.  See  an  account  of  this  celebrated 
controversy  in  Bogue's  Hist,  of  the  Dissenters,  and  in  Nel 
son's  Life  of  Bishop  Bull.  See  CRISP,  SAMUEL,  ante.  The 
Dr.  seems  to  have  been  a  most  excellent  man,  however 
erroneous  may  have  been  his  views. 

"  His  life  was  so  innocent  and  harmless  from  all  evil,  so  zealous 
and  fervent  in  all  good,  that  it  seemed  to  be  designed  as  a  practical 
confutation  of  the  slander  of  those  who  would  insinuate  that  his 
doctrine  tended  to  licentiousness." — LANCASTER. 

"  He  was  much  followed  for  his  edifying  manner  of  preaching, 
and  for  his  great  hospitality."— NEAL. 

"  One  of  the  first  patrons  of  Calvinism  run  mad." — Bogue  and 
Bennett's  History  of  the  Dissenters. 

"Crisp's  statements  are  not  scripturally  guarded,  and  their  ten 
dency  is  to  weaken  the  abomination  of  sin."— BICKERSTETH  :  Chris 
tian  Student. 

"  Crisp's  works,  with  explanatory  notes  by  Dr.  GUI,  have  in  them 


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a  singular  mixture  of  excellence  and  faults.  What  is  exception 
able  arises  chiefly  from  unqualified  expressions,  rather  than  from 
the  author's  main  design." — DR.  E.  WILLIAMS  :  Christian  Preacher. 

Crispe,  Samuel,  of  Bungay.    Serm.,  Lon.,  1686, 4to. 
Crispe,  Thomas.      Theolog.  treatises,  Lon.,  1682, 
'94,  '97. 

Crispin,  Gilbert,  d.  1114  or  1117,  a  noble  Norman, 
was  brought  to  England  by  Lanfranc,  who  made  him  Abbot 
of  Westminster,  which  dignity  he  is  said  to  have  enjoyed 
for  32  years — until  his  death.  Two  of  his  works  were 
printed.  1.  De  Fide  Ecclesia  contra  Judaeos ;  vide  Sancti 
Anselmi  opera,  fol.,  Parisiis,  1721,  pp.  512-544.  2.  Vita 
B.  Herluini  Beccensis  abbatis  primi  et  conditoris;  vide 
Acta  Sanctorum,  <&c.,  Paris,  1701,  fol. 

"  Most  of  the  treatises  ascribed  by  Cave  and  others  to  Gilbert 
Crispin  belong  to  other  persons  of  the  name  of  Gilbert." — Wright's 
Biog.  Brit.  Lit. ;  q.  v.  et  Leland,  Bale,  Pits,  Tanner. 

Cristall,  Ann  Batten.  Poetical  Sketches,  Lon., 
1795,  8vo. 

"These  sketches  possess  considerable  merit."—  WaWs Bibl.  Brit. 

Crittenden,  S.  W.  Treatise  on  Book- Keeping,  Phila., 
r.  8vo,  and  school  edit.,  Phila. 

"  The  elementary  portion  is  simple,  clear,  comprehensive,  and 
gradually  progressive;  and  the  whole  work  is  of  a  pre-eminently 
practical  character." 

Croce,  Giovanni.  Musica  Sacra,  1608,  6  Pts.  "For 
a  full,  lofty,  and  sprightly  vein  he  was  second  to  none." 
See  Peacham's  Compleat  Gentleman. 

Crocker,  Abr.  Theological,  educational,  and  other 
works.  Elements  of  Land-Surveying,  1805,  12mo;  new 
ed.,  by  T.  G.  Bunt,  1842,  p.  8vo. 

Crocker,  Hannah  Mather,  grand-daughter  of  the 
Rev.  Dr.  Cotton  Mather,  (post,)  and  widow  of  Joseph 
Crocker,  of  Taunton,  Mass.  1.  Letters  on  Free  Ma 
sonry,  1815;  with  a  Preface  by  Thaddeus  Mason  Harris, 
D.D.,  who  urged  the  republication  of  these  letters,  which 
originally  appeared  in  a  newspaper  in  1810.  2.  The 
School  of  Reform :  Seaman's  Safe  Pilot  to  the  Cape  of 
Good  Hope,  by  the  Seaman's  Friend.  3.  Observations  on 
the  Rights  of  Woman,  1818.  This  vol.  is  dedicated  to 
Miss  Hannah  More.  Mrs.  Crocker  drew  up  a  statement 
respecting  the  history  of  Madam  Knight,  the  schoolmis 
tress  of  Dr.  Benjamin  Franklin,  (see  p.  1040,  post,)  which 
can  be  seen  in  the  library  of  the  Antiquarian  Society  of 
Worcester,  Mass.  See  Bost.  Living  Age,  No.  735,  June 
26,  1858. 

Crocker,  Zebulon.  Catastrophe  of  the  Pres.  Church, 
1838,  12mo. 

Crocket,  G.  F.  H.  Abolition  of  Cap.  Punishment, 
Georgt.,  Kentucky,  1823. 

Crockett,  Col.  David.  Exploits  in  Texas,  12mo. 
Tour  Down  East,  12mo.  Autobiography,  12mo.  Sketches 
and  Eccentricities  of.  Song  Book. 

Crockett,  H.  C.  The  American  in  Europe:  parts  1 
to  18,  Lon.,  1850,  4to. 

Crocus,  anglice  CROKE. 

Croft,  Mrs.  Ankerwick  Castle;  a  Nov.,  Lon.,  1800, 
4  vols. 

Croft,  G.     The  Christian  Instructor,  Lon.,  1825, 12mo. 

Croft,  George,  D.D.,  1747-1809,  Fellow  of  Univ.  Col 
lege,  Oxford.  Theolog.  works,  Lon.,  1784-1811.  Eight 
Serms.  at  the  Bampton  Lecture,  1786,  Oxf.,  1786,  8vo. 

Croft,  Sir  Herbert,  d.  1622,  became  a  R.  Catholic  at 
the  age  of  52,  and  entered  the  monastery  of  the  English 
Benedictines  at  Douay,  where  he  resided  until  his  death. 
1.  Letters  persuasive  to  his  Wife  and  Children  in  England 
to  take  upon  them  the  Catholic  Religion.  2.  Arguments, 
&c._  3.  Reply  to  the  Answer  of  his  daughter,  (Mary,) 
which  she  made  to  a  paper  of  his,  Douay,  circa  1619, 12mo. 
Eight  copies  printed.  See  Athen.  Oxon. 

Croft,  Herbert,  D.D.,  1603-1691,  son  of  the  preced 
ing,  was  educated  at  the  English  College  at  St.  Omer's, 
returned  to  England  in  1622,  abjured  Romanism,  and  en 
tered  the  Church  of  England.  Prebendary  of  Salisbury, 
1639;  Dean  of  Hereford,  1644 ;  Bishop  of  Hereford,  1691. 
The  Naked  Truth ;  or  the  True  State  of  the  Primitive 
Church,  Lon.,  1675,  4to.  The  object  of  this  book  was  to 
prove  that  Protestants  agree  in  essentials  and  should  che 
rish  a  spirit  of  unity. 

"  It  drew  the  eyes  of  all  that  could  look  upon  it.  It  was  a  divine 
manifestation  of  a  primitive  Christian  spirit  of  love."— EDWARD 
PEARSE  :  The  Conformist's  Plea  for  Nonconformists. 

Quite  a  controversy  was  excited  upon  the  subject.  Among 
others,  Dr.  Francis  Turner  attacked  the  Bishop,  and  An 
drew  Marvell  defended  him.  See  Athen.  Oxon.  Serms., 
1674, 8vo.  Animadversions  on  Dr.  Burnet's  Theory  of  the 
Earth,  1685,  4to.  Legacy  to  his  Diocese,  or  a  short  deter 
mination  of  all  controversies  we  have  with  the  Papists  by 
God's  Holy  Word;  being  three  serms.  on  John  v.  39,  <fcc. 


The  title  of  the  above  indicates  the  zeal  of  the  bishop  on 
behalf  of  the  Protestant  cause.  He  takes  pains  to  reaffirm 
his  principles  in  the  preamble  to  his  Will : 

"I  do  in  all  humble  manner  most  heartily  thank  God,  that  he 
hath  been  most  graciously  pleased,  by  the  light  of  his  most  holy 
gospel,  to  recall  me  from  the  darkness  of  gross  errors  and  popish 
superstitions  into  which  I  was  seduced  in  my  younger  days,  and 
to  settle  me  again  in  the  true  ancient  Catholic  and  Apostolic  faith, 
professed  by  our  Church  of  England,  in  which  I  was  born  and  bap 
tized,  [his  father  embraced  Romanism  after  his  son's  birth,]  and  in 
which  I  joyfully  die."  See  Athen.  Oxon.;  Biog.  Brit.;  Salmon's 
Lives  of  the  Bishops. 

Croft,  Sir  Herbert,  1751-1816,  of  the  same  family 
as  the  above,  a  native  of  London,  was  educated  at  Univer 
sity  College,  Oxford,  and  afterwards  studied  law  at  Lin 
coln's  Inn.  In  1782  he  took  holy  orders,  and  in  1797  he 
succeeded  to  a  baronetcy.  A  Brother's  Advice  to  his  Sis 
ters,  1775, 12mo.  Love  and  Madness,  1780,  sm.  8vo.  This 
was  founded  upon  the  murder  of  Miss  Ray,  by  Hackman. 
Fanaticism  and  Treason,  1780,  8vo.  The  Literary  Fly, 
1780.  Other  works.  In  1792  he  issued  proposals  for  an 
enlarged  edit,  of  Johnson's  Dictionary,  with  20,000  words 
added  and  errors  corrected.  To  be  pub.  in  four  large  folios 
at  £12  12s !  We  have  the  original  prospectus  before  us, 
and  a  curious  affair  it  is.  The  work  was  never  completed. 
He  wrote  the  life  of  Young,  in  Johnson's  English  Poets. 
The  Doctor  thus  honourably  mentions  his  assistant: 

"  The  following  Life  was  written,  at  my  request,  by  a  gentle 
man  who  had  better  information  than  I  could  easily  have  ob 
tained;  and  the  publick  will  perhaps  wish  that  I  had  solicited 
and  obtained  more  such  favours  from  him." 

See  Boswell's  Johnson,  and  Memoir  of  Croft  in  Gent. 
Mag.,  May,  1816,  p.  470,  and  Deo.  4,  p.  487. 

Croft,  John.  1.  Wines,  1787,  York,  Svo.  2.  Scrap- 
eana;  Fugitive  Miscellany,  1792,  Svo.  3.  Excerpta  An- 
tiqua,  8vo.  4.  Annotations  on  Plays  of  Shakspeare. 
(Johnson  and  Steevens's  ed.,)  1810,  Svo. 

Croft,  Robert.    Loyal  Officer,  Lon.,  1663,  4to. 

Croft,  Robert?  Terrestrial  Paradise;  in  verse  and 
prose,  1639. 

Croft,  Thomas.     Funl.  serm.,  Lon.,  1711,  Svo. 

Croft,  William,  Mus.  Doc.,  1677-1727,  a  celebrated 
composer  of  Cathedral  Music,  organist  of  Westminster 
Abbey.  Divine  Harmony,  1712,  anon.  Musicus,  «fcc., 
1715.  Musica  Sacra,  1724, 2  vols.  fol.  This  beautiful  work 
is  the  first  that  was  stamped  on  pewter  plates  and  in  score. 
Vol.  1st  contains  the  Burial  Service,  left  unfinished  by 
Purcell.  See  Hawkins's  History  of  Music ;  Burney's  ditto. 

Crofton,  Dennis.  Genesis  and  Geology ;  or  an  in 
vestigation  into  the  reconciliation  of  the  modern  doctrines 
of  Geology,  with  the  declarations  of  Scripture ;  with  an 
Introduction  by  Edward  Hitchcock,  D.D.,  LL.D.,  Boston, 
1853,  16mo,  pp.  100. 

Crofton,  Zachary,  d.  1672?  a  native  of  Ireland,  ob 
tained  the  living  of  St.  Botolph,  Aldgate,  London ;  rejected 
for  Nonconformity,  1662.  He  pub.  a  number  of  theolog. 
(controversial)  and  other  treatises,  1660-63.  His  Dis 
course  of  Patronage  appeared  in  1675. 

Crofts,  John.  Piety  and  Courage;  a  serm.,  1813, 12mo. 

Crofts,  Robert.  The  Lover,  or  Nuptial  Love,  writ 
ten  by  Robert  Crofts  to  please  himselfe,  Lon.,  1638,  18mo. 

Crockatt,  Gilbert.  Letter  to  Lady  Shovell,  1708,  Svo. 

Croke,  Alexander,  LL.D.  Report  of  Case  of  Hor- 
ner  m.  Liddiard,  Lon.,  1800,  Svo.  Argument  in  Case  of 
the  Hendrick  and  Maria,  1800,  Svo.  Remarks  on  Schle- 
gel's  work  upon  the  Visitation  of  Neutral  Vessels  under 
Convoy,  1801,  Svo. 

Croke,  Sir  Alexander.  A  Genealogical  Hist,  of 
the  Croke  Family,  1823,  2  vols.  4to,  £7  7s.  Progress 
of  Idolatry  and  other  Poems,  1841.  2  vols.  Svo.  Schola 
Salernitana,  by  G.  D.  Milano ;  with  an  Eng.  trans.,  intro 
duction,  and  notes ;  by  Sir  A.  C.,  p.  Svo. 

"  How  popular  this  ancient  poem  must  have  been,  we  may  infer 
from  its  having  passed  through  160  editions.  It  is  republished 
now  as  a  bibliographical  curiosity ;  but  Sir  A.  Croke  has,  in  the 
introduction  and  notes,  gathered  together  so  many  interesting 
facts,  that  the  volume  will  be  welcomed  for  itself,  as  well  as  trea 
sured  as  a  curiosity." — Athenaeum. 

Essay  on  the  Origin,  Progress,  and  Doctrine  of  Rhym 
ing  Latin  Verse,  with  many  specimens,  1828,  p.  Svo. 

"  This  is  a  clever  and  interesting  little  volume  on  an  attractive 
subject;  the  leisure  work  of  a  scholar  and  a  man  of  taste."— 
British  Critic. 

Croke,  or  Crook,  Sir  George,  1559-1641,  educated 
at  University  College,  Oxford,  entered  the  Inner  Temple, 
and  in  1628  succeeded  Sir  John  Doderidge  as  Justice  of 
the  King's  Bench.  In  1636  he  espoused  the  part  of  Hamp- 
den  in  the  ship-money  case.  Hampden's  share,  for  which 
he  went  to  law,  was  18  shillings,  and  Lloyd  remarks 
that  it  cost  the  nation  £18,000,000!  Report  of  Select 


CRO 


CRO 


Cases  in  the  C.  of  K.  B.  and  C.  P.  temp.  Eliz.,  Jas.  I.  and 
Chas.  I. ;  French,  Lon.,  1657-61,  3  vols.  fol. ;  2d  ed.,  with 
out  references,  1669,  3  vols.  fol. ;  3d  ed.  in  English,  by 
Croke's  son-in-law,  Sir  Harbottle  Grimstone,  with  many 
references,  Ac.,  1683-85,  3  vols.  fol. ;  4th  ed.,  with  notes 
and  references  to  later  authorities,  by  Thos.  Leach,  1790- 
92,  4  vols.  r.  8vo.  Abridgt.  of  the  Cases  temp.  Chas.  I., 
1658,  8vo.  Abridgt.  by  Wm.  Hughes,  1665,  8vo. 

"A  work  of  credit  and  celebrity  among  the  old  reporters,  and 
which  has  sustained  its  character  in  every  succeeding  age."— 
CHANCELLOR  KENT. 

There  has  been  some  dissent  to  this  opinion,  but  Mr. 
Wallace's  explanation  of  the  matter  appears  to  us  to  be 
satisfactory.  See  Wallace's  Reporters,  23 ;  Marvin's  Le 
gal  Bib.,  240 ;  Brooke's  Bib.  Leg.,  212 ;  Reeves's  Hist.,  240. 

Croke,  John.  Relationes  Casuum  Selectorum  ex 
libris.  Rob.  Kielwey  et  alise  Relationes  per  Gul.  Dali- 
son  et  Gul.  Bendloes,  Lon.,  1633,  fol. 

Croke,  Richard,  (in  Latin,  Crocus,)  d.  1558,  a  na 
tive  of  London,  was  educated  at  Eton  and  King's  College, 
Cambridge.  He  was  Greek  Professor  at  Leipsic,  at  Lou- 
vain,  and  subsequently  at  Oxford.  He  was  sent  by 
Henry  VIII.  to  influence  the  University  of  Padua  to 
favour  the  divorce  of  the  king.  His  letters  to  Henry  may 
be  seen  in  Burnet's  Hist,  of  the  Reformation.  Croke  pub. 
several  treatises,  among  which  are  Introductiones  ad  Grae- 
cam  Linguam,  Cologn.,  1520,  4to,  and  Orationes,  1520,  4to. 

Croker,  Rev.  Henry  Temple.  Bower  detected 
as  an  Historian,  Lon.,  1758,  8vo.  Experimented  Magnet 
ism,  1761,  8vo.  The  Complete  Diet,  of  Arts  and  Sciences, 
3  vols.  fol.,  1769.  Superseded  by  later  compilations. 

Croker,  Rt.  Hon.  John  Wilson,  D.C.L.,  1780- 
1857,  a  native  of  the  county  of  Galway,  Ireland,  but  of 
English  descent,  was  one  of  the  most  prominent  literary 
characters  of  his  day.  He  died  at  the  house  of  Sir  William 
Whiteman,  at  St.  Alban's-bank,  Hampton,  near  London. 
He  was  educated  at  Trinity  College,  Dublin,  called  to  the 
Bar  in  1807,  and  from  that  time  to  1832  occupied  a  seat  in 
the  House  of  Commons.  From  1809  to  '30  he  was  Secre 
tary  to  the  Admiralty,  and  in  1828  was  sworn  of  the  Privy 
Council.  His  opposition  to  the  Reform  Bill,  and  his  decla 
ration  that  he  would  never  sit  in  a  Reformed  House  of 
Commons,  has  enabled  him  to  devote  more  attention  to 
literary  pursuits.  His  first  publication,  Familiar  Epistles 
to  Frederick  E.  Jones,  Esq.,  on  the  Irish  Stage,  Dubl., 
1804,  two  edits,  in  the  year,  displayed  that  satirical  power 
which  is  so  conspicuous  in  his  articles  in  the  Quarterly 
Review— originated  in  1809  by  Scott,  Canning,  and  Croker. 
In  that  variable,  if  not  altogether  amiable,  ingredient  in 
reviewing,  sarcasm,  Mr.  Croker  is  thought  not  to  have  been 
a  whit  behind  the  great  GiflFbrd  himself. 

"John  Wilson  Croker  more  than  approached  the  editor  in  sar 
castic  sallies  and  biting  wit :  he  gave  early  proofs  of  such  powers 
in  his  poem  on  the  Irish  stage;  intimated  talents  active  and  argu 
mentative  in  his  speeches ;  and  a  poetic  feeling  and  spirit  approach 
ing  Scott  in  his  Peninsular  battles.  To  his  pen,  many  articles  full 
of  political  wormwood  are  attributed ;  and  also  some  of  the  papers 
on  America,  which  were  not  received  in  a  tone  of  thankfulness  by 
the  men  of  the  West." — ALLAN  CUNNINGHAM  :  Biag.  and  Crit.  Hist, 
of  Lit.  See  Men  of  the  Time,  Lon.,  1853. 

Mr.  C.'s  next  publication  was  An  Intercepted  Letter 
from  Canton.  This  is  a  satirical  picture  of  the  city  of 
Dublin.  To  this  succeeded  Songs  of  Trafalgar ;  The  Bat 
tle  of  Talavera;  Sketch  of  Ireland,  Past  and  Present;  Let 
ters  on  the  Naval  War  with  America;  Stories  from  the 
History  of  England.  This  work  (of  which  30,000  to  40,000 
copies  have  been  sold)  was  the  model  of  Sir  Walter  Scott's 
Tales  of  a  Grandfather. 

"  A  good  thought  came  in  my  head— to  write  stories  for  little  John- 
Bie  Lockhart,  from  the  History  of  Scotland,  like  those  taken  from 
the  History  of  England.  But  I  will  not  write  mine  quite  so  simply 
as  Croker  has  done.  I  am  persuaded  both  children  and  the  lower 
class  of  readers  hate  books  which  are  written  down  to  their  capa 
city,  and  love  those  that  are  composed  for  their  elders  and  betters." 

We  wish  that  the  authors  of  some  modern  juvenile  books 
would  ponder  the  above. 

Sir  Walter  presented  a  copy  of  the  First  Series  to  Mr. 
Croker,  with  the  following  note  : 

«. "  5tYJ?EAK  C110*131,— I  have  been  stealing  from  you,and  as  it  seems 
the  fashion  to  compound  felony,  I  send  you  a  sample  of  the  swag. 

by  way  of  stopping  your  mouth Always  yours,       W.  SCOTT." 

Mr.  Croker  has  also  aided  educators  and  their  pupils 
by  his  excellent  Progressive  Geography  for  Children, 
which  a  high  authority  commends  as 

"  The  best  elementary  book  on  the  subject."— Lon.  Quart.  Rev. 
We  continue  the  enumeration  of  Mr.  Croker's  works : 
Reply  to  the  Letters  of  Malachi  Malagrowther ;  The  Suf 
folk  Papers;  Military  Events  of  the  French  Revolution 
of  1830 ;  trans,  of  Bassompierre's  Embassy  to  England  ; 
Hervey's  Memoirs  of  the  Court  of  George  the  Second, 
now  first  pub.  from  the  Originals  at  Ickworth. 

452 


I  know  of  no  such  near  and  intimate  picture  of  the  interior 
of  a  court.  No  other  Memoir  that  I  have  read  brings  us  so  im 
mediately,  so  actually  into  not  merely  the  presence,  but  the  com 
pany,  of  the  personages  of  the  royal  circle.  Lord  Hervey  is,  1  may 
venture  to  say,  almost  the  Boswell  of  George  II.  and  Queen  Caro- 
"ine."— Mr.  Croker's  Preface. 

The  mention  of  Boswell  naturally  introduces  a  notice 
of  the  magnum  opus  of  Mr.  Croker — the  production  by 
which  he  is  best  known  to  the  popular  literary  circles — 
his  edit,  of  Bos  well's  Johnson.  This  work  has  been  already 
noticed  at  length  in  our  article  upon  Boswell.  The  reader 
will  there  see  that  Mr.  Macaulay  does  not  indulge  in  rap 
turous  plaudits  of  Mr.  Croker's  valuable  labours,  and  tho 
latter  has  returned  Mr.  Macaulay's  compliments  in  his  re 
view  in  the  Quarterly  of  The  History  of  England  from 
the  Accession  of  James  II.  An  answer  to  Mr.  Croker's 
charge  of  "  partial  selection"  and  "  misrepresentation  of 
facts"  will  be  found  in  the  "Edinburgh."  It  is  not  pleasant 
to  dwell  upon  these  family  quarrels ;  for  surely  those  who 
zealously  labour  for  the  intellectual  advancement  of  tho 
race  may  be  properly  said  to  constitute  one  family.  With 
the  exception  of  contributions  to  the  Quarterly  Review, 
Mr.  Croker  published  nothing  for  many  years.  At  the 
time  of  his  death  he  was  engaged  in  the  preparation  of  an 
edition  of  the  works  of  Alexander  Pope,  in  connexion  with 
Mr.  Peter  Cunningham,  which  was  announced  by  Mr. 
Murray.  Mr.  Cunningham  continues  the  editorship,  (see 

L461,  post.)  Essays  on  the  Early  Period  of  the  French 
volution,  by  the  late  Rt.  Hon.  John  Wilson  Croker ; 
reprinted  from  the  Quar.  Rev.,  with  Additions  and  Cor 
rections,  1857,  8vo.  He  also  edited  Lady  Hervey's  Letters, 
Walpole's  Letters  to  Lord  Hertford,  and  was  the  author 
of  several  lyrical  poems  of  merit. 

Croker,  Capt.  Richard.  Travels  through  Seve 
ral  Provinces  of  Spain  and  Portugal,  Ac.,  Lon.,  1799, 
8vo. 

An  entertaining  and,  in  some  parts,  instructive  performance."— 
Lon.  Monthly  Review,  1790. 

Croker,  Thomas.     Knavish  Merchant,  1661,  4to. 

Crok'er,  Thomas  Crofton,  d.  1854,  aged  57,  a  po 
pular  author,  has  done  much  to  illustrate  the  Irish  cha 
racter  and  the  Antiquities  of  the  country.  Researches  in 
the  South  of  Ireland,  Lon.,  1824,  4to.  This  volume  con 
tains  a  large  amount  of  valuable  information  respecting 
the  manners  and  superstition  of  the  Irish  Peasantry, 
Scenery,  Architectural  Remains,  Ac. 

Fairy  Legends  and  Traditions  of  the  South  of  Ireland, 
1825.  This  edit,  contains  contributions — which  were  sub 
sequently  omitted — by  Maginn,  Pigot,  Humphreys,  and 
Keightley.  Legends  of  the  Lakes,  1828 ;  new  edit,  ar 
ranged  as  a  Tour  to  the  Lakes,  1853.  Daniel  O'Rourke, 
1828.  Barney  Mahoney,  1832.  My  Village  versus  Our 
Village,  1832.  Tour  of  M.  Boullaye  Le  Gouz  in  Ireland, 
1844.  The  Popular  Songs  of  Ireland,  1839. 

"  Each  is  accompanied  by  its  history  from  the  competent  pen  of 
Crofton  Croker,  than  whom  no  man  knows  more  of  the  poetic  su 
perstitions  and  the  manners  and  mythology  of  Ireland." 

"A  volume  of  singular  interest  and  curiosity.  It  is  even  more 
than  this — it  is  a  publication  of  real  value,  as  illustrative  of  the 
past  and  present  condition,  both  mental  and  moral,  of  the  most 
singular  people  of  the  world.  At  the  same  time,  it  is,  as  a  collec 
tion  of  vocal  compositions,  full  of  the  graces  and  beauty  of  which 
that  class  of  poetry  is  so  eminently  susceptible." — Lon.  Naval  and 
Military  Gazette. 

Mr.  Croker  pub.  in  1838,  2  vols.  8vo,  the  Memoirs  of 
Joseph  Holt,  General  of  the  Irish  Rebels  in  1798,  edited 
from  his  original  MSS.  in  the  possession  of  Sir  William 
Betham. 

"  These  Memoirs  are  wild,  eccentric,  and  adventurous." — Lon. 
New  Monthly  Magazine. 

"We  heartily  recommend  the  general  and  his  editor  (whose 
notes  in  themselves  are  copious  and  interesting)  to  our  readers." 
— Lon.  Athenaeum. 

"  Of  Crofton  Croker  it  may  truly  be  said,  as  of  his  countryman, 
Oliver  Goldsmith,  nullum  tetigit  quod  non  ornavit,  (long  may  he 
adorn  our  literature  with  such  works  as  the  present,  before  the 
compliment  can  be  used  in  his  epitaph!)  and  of  his  coadjutor  in 
this  work,  the  worthy  Ulster  King,  that  he  too  has  done  good  ser 
vice  in  preserving  these  curious  records  belonging  to  Irish  history. 
The  work  contains  adventures  of  extraordinary  and  romanti* 
character,  and  everybody  will  read  it."— Lon.  Literary  Gazette. 

The  reader  will  find  further  details  of  Mr.  Croker's  lite 
rary  life  in  the  Lon.  Gent.  Mag.  for  Oct.,  1854. 

Croker,  Walter.    A  Letter  to  an  M.  P.,  Lon.,  1816. 
Crole,  or  Croleus,  Robert.    See  CROWLEY. 
Croly,  Rev.  Geo.,  LL.D.,  one  of  the  most  voluminous 
writers  of  the  day,  was  b.  in  Dublin,  1780,  and  educated  at 
Trinity  College,  Dublin.   He  has  been  for  many  years  Rec 
tor  of  St.  Stephen's,  Wallbrook,  London.     We  classify  his 
works  according  to  their  subjects.     1.  The  Apocalypse  of 
St.  John ;  a  New  Interpretation,  Lon.,  1827,  8vo. 

"An  original  and  powerfully-written  volume.  ,  .  .  The  sketch 


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which  completes  the  volume  is  evidently  the  result  of  great  labour 
and  research,  and  abounds  with  most  important  historical  infor 
mation." — Home's  Introduc. 

2.  Divine  Providence;  or  the  three  Cycles  of  Revela 
tion,  1834,  8vo. 

"  To  Dr.  Croly  belongs  the  high  and  lasting  praise  of  lending 
new  forces  to  the  defenders  of  religion,  and  adding  a  new  wing  to 
the  temple  of  the  Christian  Faith."— ion.  Gent.  Mag. 

"  Dr.  Croly  is  a  man  of  vivid  imagination,  but  the  misfortune  is, 
that  his  imagination  runs  away  with  him.  His  language,  there 
fore,  is  rich  and  often  eloquent ;  but  his  ideas  are  for  the  most  part 
quite  fanciful  and  unsound." — British  Critic,  1834. 

3.  The  True  Idea  of  Baptism,  1850,  8vo.     4.  Sermon  on 
Marriage,  2d  ed.,  1836,  8vo.     5.  Sermons    on   Important 
Subjects,  1849,  8vo.     (As  connected  with  a  subject  which 
excited  great  interest  in  England  and  America,  we  should 
not  omit  to  mention  that  in  1842  Mr.  D.  Croly  pub.  an  Index 
to  the  Tracts  for  the  Times ;  with  Dissertations.)    6.  Serms. 
preached  in  the  Chapel  of  the  Foundling  Hospital,  with 
others   preached  in   St.   Stephen's,  Wallbrook,  in   1847, 
1848,  8vo. 

"  Clearer,  more  nervous,  and  in  the  true  sense  of  the  term,  sim 
pler,  discourses,  have  not  appeared  for  many  years ;  their  style  is 
in  general  true  Saxon,  their  matter  strong,  their  theology  sound 
and  scriptural." — GUJUlan's  Literary  Portraits. 

7.  Speeches  on  the  Papal  Aggression.  8.  Exposition  on 
Popery  and  the  Popish  Question.  9.  The  Popish  Supre 
macy;  two  sermons,  1850,  8vo.  10.  Works  of  Jeremy 
Taylor.  With  Life  and  Times  of  the  Author,  1838,  8  vols. 
p.  8vo. 

"  A  beautiful  edition  of  the  best  works  of  this  eloquent  and  ad 
mired  author." 

11.  Scenes  from  Scripture,  with  other  Poems,  1851,  8vo. 
"  Eminent  in  every  mode  of  literature,  Dr.  Croly  stands,  in  our 

judgment,  first  among  the  living  poets  of  Great  Britain." — Lon. 
Standard. 

"An  admirable  addition  to  the  library  of  religious  families."— 
John  Bull. 

12.  Marriage  with  a  deceased  Wife's  Sister.     13.  On  the 
proposed  Admission  of  Jews  into  Parliament.     14.  Works 
of  Alex.  Pope,  with  Memoirs,  Notes,  and  Critical  Notices 
on  each  Poem,  1835,  4  vols.  12mo.     15.  Pride  shall  have  a 
Fall;  a  Comedy.     This   is   an  early  production   of  Mr. 
Croly.     16.   Catiline,  a  Tragedy,  with  other  Poems,  8vo. 

"  There  can  be  no  doubt  that  this,  whether  considered  as  a 
poem  or  as  a  drama,  is  a  splendid  performance,  and  one  which 
must  greatly  elevate  the  name  of  Croly." — Blackwood's  Mag. 

17.  Verse  Illustrations  to  Gems  from  the  Antique,  sm. 
8vo. 

"  Mr.  Croly's  genius  is  too  well  known  to  need  our  commenda 
tion.  We  can  safely  say,  that  these  illustrations  will  add  a  wreath 
to  his  laurels." — Lon.  New  Monthly  Mag. 

18.  Paris  in  1815,  and  other  Poems,  8vo,  (his  first  work.)  19. 
The  Angel  of  the  World ;  an  Arabian  Tale,  1820.  20.  Sebas 
tian  ;  a  Spanish  Tale.  21.  Poetical  Works,  1830,2  vols.  p.  8  vo. 

"  Full  of  lofty  imaginings  and  poetic  thought,  we  will  venture 
to  say,  that  there  is  hardly  a  theme  which  Mr.  Croly  has  not  awoke 
with  a  masterly  hand,  and  hardly  a  sympathy  which  he  has  not 
touched,  in  the  great  and  multifarious  range  of  subjects  embraced 
in  these  volumes." — Lon.  Literary  Gazette. 

22.  Beauties  of  the  English  Poets,  12mo.  23.  The  Mo 
dern  Orlando ;  a  Poem,  1846,  8vo ;  2d  ed.,  1855. 

"  One  cannot  but  regret  that  Dr.  Croly  has  not  carried  out  his 
original  purpose  of  prolonging  the  poem  to  a  ramble  in  other  cities 
and  scenes  of  modern  travel.  Fragmentary  as  it  now  is,  it  is  by 
far  the  best  thing  of  the  kind  that  has  been  written  since  Byron." 
— Lon.  Literary  Gazette. 

24.  Character  of  Curran's  Eloquence  and  Politics.  25. 
Political  Life  of  the  Rt  Hon.  Edmund  Burke,  1840,  2  vols. 
p.  8vo. 

"A  valuable  contribution  to  our  national  literature,  an  effectual 
antidote  to  revolutionary  principles,  and  a  masterly  analysis  of 
the  mind  and  writings  of  the  greatest  philosopher  and  statesman 
in  our  history." — Britannia. 

26.  Historical  Sketches,  Speeches,  and  Characters,  1842, 
p.  8vo.  27.  Tales  of  the  Great  St.  Bernard,  3  vols.  p.  8vo. 
28.  Year  of  Liberation  in  1813,  2  vols.  p.  8vo.  29.  Sala- 
thiel,  a  Story  of  the  Past,  the  Present,  and  the  Future, 
1827,  3  vols.  p.  8vo. 

"  We  have  risen  from  the  perusal  of  the  volumes  before  us,  just 
as  we  have  felt  after  losing  ourselves  in  the  absorbing  interest  of 
Shakspeare's  finest  tragedy.  Every  page  is  instinct  with  the 
energy  of  passion,  or  with  some  glowing  picture  of  romantic  gran 
deur — the  tender,  the  affecting,  and  the  pathetic — the  ardent,  the 
heroic,  the  devoted — all  that  can  excite  the  highest  and  most  dra 
matic  of  our  feelings.  There  is,  we  will  venture  to  predict,  in 
Salathiel,  the  germ  of  perpetuity;  it  is  not  destined,  like  some 
other  works  of  imagination,  to  be  read  and  forgotten." — Lon.  Gent. 
Magazine. 

"  One  of  the  most  splendid  productions  among  works  of  fiction 
that  the  age  has  brought  forth." — Lon.  Athenceum. 

"  There  are  many  natural  scenes,  and  passages  tender  and  elo 
quent,  but  somewhat  cold  and  stately ;  it  abounds  in  descriptions 
on  which  all  the  splendours  of  fancy  and  language  are  lavished. 
.  .  .  The  author  in  his  poem  of  '  May  Fair'  was  more  at  home;  it 
contains  passages  which,  for  condensed  vigour  of  thought  and 


language,  and  sharp  severi  . 

the  'Legion  Club'  of  Swift." — ALLAN  CUNNINGHAM  : 

Hist,  of  Lit. 

30.  Marston;  or,  The  Soldier  and  Statesman,  1846, 
3  vols.  p.  8vo.  31.  The  Personal  History  of  King  George 
the  Fourth,  1830,  8vo ;  2d  ed.,  1841,  2  vols.  p.  8vo. 

"  These  volumes  have  a  higher  degree  of  interest  than  could 
possibly  arise  from  merely  tracing  the  personal  career  of  George 
the  Fourth.  They  are  a  history  of  his  age;  introducing  us  to  all 
the  great  statesmen  and  wits  of  that  period ;  abounding  in  rapid 
and  masterly  sketches  of  character,  brilliant  reflection,  and  plea 
sant  episodes ;  and  embodying  all  that  information  current  in  the 
best-informed  circles  of  the  day,  which  is  necessary  to  be  knowu 
if  we  would  thoroughly  understand  the  transactions  of  the  period." 
— Britannia. 

"  Dr.  Croly  is  an  almost  universal  poet.  He  is  grand  and  gor 
geous,  but  rarely  tender  and  affectionate;  he  builds  a  lofty  and 
magnificent  temple,  but  it  is  too  cold  and  stately  to  be  a  home  for 
the  heart." — MRS.  HALL. 

Cromartie,  or  Cromerty,  George,  Earl  of.  Con 
spiracies  of  the  Earl  of  Go  wry  and  Robert  Logan  against 
King  James  VI.,  and  a  Vindication  of  Robert  III.,  &c.> 
Edin.,  1713,  8vo.  Mosses  in  Scotland,  Phil.  Trans.,  1710. 

Crombie,  Alexander,  LL.D.,  1760-1842,  a  native 
of  Aberdeen,  pastor  of  a  Presbyterian  congregation  in 
London,  schoolmaster  at  Highgate,  and  subsequently  at 
Greenwich.  1.  Philosophical  Necessity,  Lon.,  1793,  8vo. 
2.  Etymology  and  Syntax  of  the  English  Language  ex 
plained,  1802,  8vo;  4th  ed.,  1836;  adapted  to  schools  by 
W.  Smith,  1846.  3.  Gymnasium,  sive  Symbola  Critica, 
1812,  2  vols.  8vo;  5th  ed.,  1834;  abridged,  1836,  12mo. 
4.  Letters  on  the  Agricultural  Interest,  1816,  8vo.  5.  Na 
tural  Theology,  Lon.,  1829,  2  vols.  8vo. 

"  In  these  volumes  Dr.  Crombie  has  presented,  as  we  believe,  the 
most  comprehensive  view  of  the  whole  science  of  natural  theology 
that  has  hitherto  appeared." — Lon.  Quarterly  Rev.  li.  213 ;  q.  v.,  et 
vol.  xxxix.  6,  and  Edin.  Rev.  liv.  147. 

Dr.  C.'s  English  Grammar  is  one  of  the  best  in  the  lan 
guage. 

Crombie,  John.  The  Character  and  Offices  of  Christ 
Illustrated  by  a  Comparison  with  the  Typical  Characters 
of  the  Old  Testament,  Lon.,  1827,  8vo. 

"  Crombie  uses  a  copious  and  pleasing  diction,  and  manifests  a 
devout  spirit  in  the  treatment  of  the  several  subjects  which  he 
has  included  in  his  comparison." — Lowndes's  Brit.  Lib. 

Crombie,  Wm.  The  Soul's  Progress,  Edin.,  1768,  8vo. 

Crome,  John.  Art  of  writing  Short  Hand,  Shef., 
1801.  In  doggerel  verse. 

Cromek,  R.  H.  1.  Reliques  of  Robert  Burns,  Lon., 
1808,  8vo.  2.  Select  Scottish  Songs,  ancient  and  modern, 
with  observations  and  notices  by  Robert  Burns ;  edit,  by 
R.  H.  C.,  1810,  8vo.  3.  Remains  of  Nithsdale  and  Gallo 
way,  Song,  1810,  8vo. 

"  A  faithful  portrait  unadorned 
Of  manners  lingering  yet  in  Scotia's  vales." 

But,  unfortunately,  most  of  these  venerable  remains  were 
composed  by  Allan  Cunningham. 

Cromerty,  Earl  of.     See  CROMARTIE. 

Cromerty.     Daniel's  Prophecy,  <fec.,  Edin.,  1708,  4to. 

Crommelin,  I*.  An  Essay  towards  improving  the 
Hempen  and  Flaxen  Manufac.  in  Ireland,  Dubl.,  1705, 4to. 

Crompe,  John.     Theolog.  treatises,  1639,  '41. 

Crompton,  C.  Legal  Reports,  in  conjunction  with 
Jervis,  Meeson,  and  Roscoe,  1832-36. 

Crompton,  George.  Practice  in  C.  of  K.  B.  and 
C.  P.,  Lon.,  1780,  2  vols.  8vo;  3d  ed.,  1786,  2  vols.  8vo. 

"  Many  of  the  cases  published  in  Crompton's  Practice  collected 
by  himself  before  he  was  at  the  bar,  were  never  intended  for  pub 
lication,  and  are  too  loose  to  be  relied  on." — Marvin's  Legal  Bibl. 

New  ed.  corrected,  Ac.  by  B.  J.  Sellon,  1798,  2  vols.  8vo. 
1st  Amer.  ed.,  with  new  cases,  N.  York,  1813,  2  vols.  8vo. 

Crompton,  Hugh.  Poems,  being  a  Fardle  of  Fan 
cies,  or  a  Medley  of  Music,  stewed  in  four  Ounces  of  the 
Oyl  of  Epigrams,  Lon.,  1657,  8vo.  Pierides;  or  the  Muses' 
Mount,  1658,  Svo.  Dedicated  to  Mary,  Duchess  of  Rich 
mond  and  Lenox,  &c. 

Crompton,  J.     Letters,  pub.  by  R.  Marsden. 

Crompton,  Joshua*  Genuine  Memoirs  of;  written 
by  himself,  Lon.,  1778,  Svo. 

Crompton,  Richard.  L'authoritie  et  jurisdiction 
des  Courts  de  la  Maiestie  de  la  Roygne,  Lon.,  1594,  1637, 
4to.  See  a  list  of  Crompton's  works  in  the  Bibl.  Brit.  He 
made  large  addits.  to  Fitz  Herbert's  Justice;  therefore 
often  cited  as  Crompton's  Justice. 

"  Mr.  Crompton's  books  are  in  every  man's  hands,  which  proveth 
their  general  allowance.  A  man  may,  by  them,  in  a  few  hours, 
gain  great  knowledge."— Fulbeclc's  Stitdy  of  the  Law,  74. 

Crompton,  Susan  F.  Stories  for  Sunday  Afternoons, 
Lon.,  1845,  16mo,  and  1846. 

Crompton,  William,  son  of  Richard,  ante.  1.  St 
Austin's  Religion.  2.  C.  Religion.  3.  Prayer.  4.  Serms., 
1623,  '33,  '59,  '79. 

453 


CRO 

Cromwell,  Oliver,  the  last  male  descendant  of  "The 
Protector."  Memoirs  of  Oliver  Cromwell,  and  of  his  Sons 
Richard  and  Henry,  with  Original  Letters  and  other  Family 
Papers,  1820,  4to;  2d  ed.,  1820,  2  vols.  Svo;  3d  ed.,  1823, 
2  vols.  8vo.  The  daughter  of  the  above  author  is  Mrs. 
Russell  of  Cheshunt.  The  Memoirs  have  been  character 
ized  as  an  "unbounded  panegyric."  The  reader  who 
would  peruse  both  sides  of  the  subject,  should  study  Hume, 
Clarendon's  Hist  of  the  Rebellion,  Catherine  Macaulay's 
Hist,  of  England,  Bulstrode's  Memoirs,  Conference  at  the 
end  of  Thurloe's  State  Papers,  Ludlow's  Memoirs,  Sir 
Edward  Walker's  Hist.  Discourses,  Sir  John  Sinclair's 
Hist,  of  the  Revenue,  Carte's,  Lingard's,  Smollett's,  Keight- 
ley's,  and  the  Pictorial,  histories  of  England,  Noble's  Me 
moirs  of  the  Cromwells,  Gumble's  Life  of  Monk,  Trial  of 
the  Regicides,  Thomas  Cromwell's  Oliver  Cromwell  and 
his  Times,  Hallam's  Constitutional  Hist,  of  England,  Car- 
lyle's  Letters  and  Speeches  of  Cromwell  with  Elucidations, 
D'Aubigne's  Protector,  Smyth's  Lectures  on  Mod.  Hist., 
T.  B.  Macaulay's  Review  of  Hallam's  Constitution  and 
Hist.,  and  M.'s  paper  on  Milton,  in  Edin.  Review.  Other 
works  might  be  mentioned,  but  we  imagine  the  reader  will 
excuse  us  for  the  present.  For  a  list  of  State  papers  is 
sued  in  the  name  of  Oliver  Cromwell,  and  the  name  of 
Richard  Cromwell,  see  Watt's  Bibl.  Brit,  and  Lowndes's 
Bibl.  Manual,  where  will  also  be  found  lists  of  works  re 
specting  the  character  of  Cromwell's  administration,  and 
the  government  which  preceded  it. 

Cromwell,  Samuel.  Disputatio  Medica  Inauguratis 
de  Tumoribus  in  Geneve,  Lugd.  Bat.,  1682,  4to. 

Cromwell,  Thomas.  The  Schoolboy  and  other 
Poems,  1816.  Oliver  Cromwell  and  his  Times,  Lon.,  1821, 
8vo. 

"  An  attempt  to  steer  a  middle  course  between  the  prejudiced 
representations  of  Hume  and  the  unbounded  panegyrists  of  Oliver 
Cromwell." — LOWNDES. 

Cronhelm,  F.  W.    Book-keeping,  1818,  4to. 

Crook,  Sir  George.     See  CROKE. 

Crook,  John.  Theolog.  and  Autobiographical  works, 
1661-1706. 

Crook,  John.  Address  to  the  Legislature  j  also  works 
on  the  Church,  Charity  Schools,  Ac.,  1797-1813. 

Crook,  W.  Historian's  Guide,  1600-79,  Lon.,  1679, 
12mo. 

Crooke,  B.     Sermons,  Lon.,  1695,  '98,  4to. 

Crooke,  Helkiah,  M.D.  Description  of  the  Body 
of  Man,  from  the  best  authors  of  Anatomy,  Lon.,  1615,  fol. 
53  Instruments  of  Chirurgery,  1631,  fol. 

"  Taken  principally  from  Parcy." — DR.  WATT. 

Crooke,  Henry.     Sermons,  1755,  8vo. 

Crooke,  Samuel,  1574-1649,  Fellow  of  Emanuel 
College,  Cambridge.  Divine  Characters,  Ac.,  1619,  '58. 

Crooke,  TJnton.    Letter  to  Cromwell,  1654,  4to. 

Crooke,  William.    Funeral  Serm.,  Lon.,  1670,  8vo. 

Crooks,  George  R.,  D.D.,  b.  1822,  at  Philadelphia. 
In  connexion  with  Dr.  McClintock,  First  Latin  Book.  In 
connexion  with  Prof.  Schem,  Latin-English  Lexicon, 
Phila.,  1858,  large  8vo.  Highly  commended.  Ed.  Butler's 
Analogy.  Contrib.  Method.  Quar.  Rev.  See  SCHEM,  A.  J. 

Crookshank,  William,  D.D.,  died  1769,  minister 
of  the  Scots  Church,  Swallow  Street,  London,  1735.  Hist, 
of  the  State  and  Sufferings  of  the  Church  of  Scotland 
from  the  Restoration  to  the  Revolution,  Lon.,  1749,  2  vols. 
8vo;  Edin.,  1751,  2  vols.  Svo;  Glasg.,  1787,  2  vols.  12mo; 
Paisley,  1789,  2  vols.  sm.  8vo.  Chiefly  abridged  from 
Wodrow. 

Crookshanks.  Public  Debts  and  Funds,  Lon.,1718,fol. 

Crookshanks,  John.    Letter  to  R.  Kirke,  1772,  8vo. 

Croon,  or  Croune,  William,  M.D.,  d.  1684,  founder 
of  the  Croonian  Lectures,  the  first  of  which  was  delivered 
in  1738,  was  a  native  of  London,  Fellow  of  Emanuel  Col 
lege,  Cambridge,  Professor  of  Rhetoric  in  Gresham  College, 
and  Registrar  of  the  Royal  Society.  He  founded  a  course 
of  Algebraic  Lectures  in  seven  colleges  at  Cambridge,  and 
a  yearly  Anatomical  Lecture  in  the  Royal  Society.  He 
pub.  De  Ratione  Motus  Musculorum,  Lon.,  1664,  4to; 
Amst.,  1677,  12mo.  Some  of  his  papers  will  be  found  in 
Phil.  Trans.,  and  many  remain  in  MS.  in  the  British 
Museum. 

Cropley,  Sir  John.  Letters  to  Mr.  Molesworth, 
1721,  8vo. 

Crosby,  Allen.     Exposition  of  St.  John,  1755,  4to. 

Crosby,  Alphens,  born  at  Sandwich,  N.  H.,  1810, 
graduated  at  Dartmouth  College,  1827.  In  1837  he  be 
came  Prof,  of  the  Latin  and  Greek  Languages  and  Lite 
rature  in  Dartmouth  College,  and  1849,  Prof.  Emeritus  of 
the  Greek  Language  and  Literature  in  the  same  college. 
Prof.  Crosby  has  published  a  Greek  and  General  Grammar : 

451 


CRO 

Greek  Tables;  Greek  Lessons;  An  edition  of  Xenophon's 
Anabasis;  First  Lessons  in  Geometry;  A  Letter  of  John 
Foster,  with  Additions;  An  Essay  on  the  Second  Advent 

Crosby,  Howard,  b.  1826,  N.  Y.  City,  (great  grand 
son  of  Wm.  Floyd,  one  of  the  signers  of  Dec.  of  Inde 
pendence,)  Prof.  Greek,  Univ.  N.  Y.  Lands  of  the  Mos 
lem,  N.  York,  1851,  8vo.  Editor  of  (Edipus  Tvrannus 
of  Sophocles. 

Crosby,  Thomas.  The  History  of  English  Baptists, 
from  the  Reformation  to  the  beginning  of  the  Reign  of 
George  I.,  Lon.,  1738-40,  4  vols.  8vo. 

This  is  considered  the  best  history  of  the  English  Bap 
tists.  The  author  tells  us  that  he  undertook  it  in  conse 
quence  of  the  misrepresentations  of  the  sect  in  the  History 
of  the  Puritans  by  Neal,  who  had  summed  up  its  history 
in  so  small  a  compass  as  five  pages.  The  MS.  from  which 
these  four  vols.  are  compiled,  was  drawn  up  by  Benjamin 
Stinson,  and  was  "in  the  possession  of  the  author  of  the 
History  of  the  Puritans  for  some  years." 

Bishop  Burnet  says  of  the  English  Baptists  that  "  they 
were  generally  men  of  virtue,  and  of  an  universal  charity." 

Crosby,  Thomas.  1.  Key.  2.  Builder's  Book 
1797,  Ac. 

Crosfeild,  Robert.  Treatises  on  Polit.  Econ.,  1692- 
1704. 

"  The  author  alludes  to  many  publick  corruptions,  and  proposes 
schemes  by  which  great  savings  to  the  nation  might  be  accom 
plished." 

Crosfield,  Miss  A.  Hist,  of  Northallerton,  Northall., 
1791,  8vo. 

Crosfield,  Geo.    Kalendar  of  Flora,  Lon.,  1810,  8vo. 

Crosfield,  R.  J.,  M.D.   The  Scurvy,  Lon.,  1797,  8vo. 

Crosland,  Mrs. Newton, late  Camilla  Toulmin, 
b.  in  London.  Lays  and  Legends  of  English  Life,  Lon., 
4to.  Partners  for  Life,  12mo.  Little  Berlin  Wool- Worker, 
16mo.  Poems,  12mo.  Stratagems,  1849,  square.  Toil 
and  Trial,  1849,  p.  8vo.  Ditto,  and  Double  Claim,  by  Her- 
vey,  1851,  square.  Tales,  16mo.  Lydia;  a  Woman's 
Book,  1852,  12mo.  The  Young  Lord,  1849,  18mo. 

"  She  is  a  moralist,  who  draws  truths  from  sorrow  with  the  hand 
of  a  master,  and  depicts  the  miseries  of  mankind  only  that  she 
may  improve  their  condition." — BelVs  Weekly  Messenger. 

Crosley,  David.     Sermon,  Lon.,  1691,  4to. 

Crosley,  H.    Law  of  Wills,  pt.  1,  Lon.,  1828,  8vo. 

Cross,  Fras.  De  Febre  Intermittente,  Oxon.,  1668, 
12mo. 

Cross,  James  C.  The  Apparition;  a  Musical  Dra 
matic  Romance,  Ac.,  1794-1809.  See  a  list  of  his  dram, 
pieces  in  Biog.  Dramat. 

Cross,  John.  Cash  Tables  for  Duties,  Newc.,  1779, 8vo. 

Cross,  John.     Law  of  Lien,  Ac.,  Lon.,  1840,  8vo. 

Cross,  John,  M.D.  Profess,  treatises,  Glasg.,  1815-19. 

Cross,  Joseph,  D.D.,  b.  1813,  Brent,  Somersetshire, 
Eng.,  came  to  U.S.  at  the  age  of  12,  and  commenced  the 
ministry  at  16.  1.  Life  and  Sermons  of  Christmas  Evans ; 
from  the  Welsh,  8vo.  2.  Headlands  of  Faith,  12mo.  3. 
The  Hebrew  Missionary,  18mo.  4.  Pisgah  Views  of  the 
Promised  Inheritance.  5.  A  Year  in  Europe.  6.  Prelec 
tions  on  Charity.  Ed.  Portraiture  and  Pencillings  of  Mrs. 
L.  A.  L.  Cross.  Contrib.  Southern  Methodist  Quar.  Rev., 
Home  Circle,  Ac. 

Cross,  Nicholas.  The  Cynosura,  Lon.,  1670,  foL 
Serm.  on  Ps.  Ixxxiii.  5 ;  see  Catholick  Serms.,  ii.  123. 

Cross,  Peter  Brady.  Laws  and  Constitutions  of 
England,  Lon.,  1797,  Svo.  Peace  or  War,  which  is  the  best 
Policy  ?  1800,  Svo. 

Cross,  W  alter,  d.  1701  ?  Exposition  on  Rom.  iv.  1, 2, 
Lon.,  1693,  '94,  4to.  Serms.,  1695,  '97,  4to.  The  Tagh- 
mical  Art;  or  the  Art  of  Expounding  Scripture  by  the 
Points  usually  called  Accents,  Lon.,  1698,  Svo. 

"  Written  with  great  abundance  of  confidence,  and  vast  lack  of 
intelligence.  The  whole  system  is  baseless,  visionary,  and  useless. 
The  rhetorical  rules  for  the  use  of  the  learner  are  in  verse ;  of  which 
take  the  following  specimen : 

'Sillttk  the  sentence  and  the  verse  doth  end; 
Atnach  in  two  divides,  and  so  attends; 
Segolta  three  will  have,  or  not  appear; 
Mercmah  in  verse  doth  to  them  both  come  near ; 
Inferior  game  Reb.  geraschate  doth  play, 
Because  as  vicar  he  comes  in  the  way ! !' "— ORME  :  BiU.  Bib. 

Cross,  Wm.    Portions  of  the  Psalms,  Oxf.,  1801, 12mo. 

Crosse,Henry.  Virtue  Commonwealth ;  or  the  High 
way  to  Honour,  &c.,  Lon.,  1603,  4to.  Gordounstoun  sale, 
633,  £4. 

Crosse,  John.     Sermons,  &c.,  1693,  '94,  '95,  4to. 

Crosse,  Peter?  Power  of  Friendship;  a  Poetical 
Epistle,  1785,  4to. 

Crosse,  R.  S.     Concio  in  1  Cor.  ii.  14,  Oxf.,  1655. 

Crosse,  Wm.  Continuation  of  Grimeston's  Hist,  of 
the  Netherlands,  1608-27,  Lon.,  1627,  fol. 


CRO 

Crosse,  Wm.  A  Brief  Treatise  of  the  Eyes,  Lon., 
1708,  8vo. 

Crosse,  Wm.     Serm.  on  Heb.  i.  14,  Lon.,  1713,  8vo. 

Crossinge,  Richard.     Sermons,  1718,  '20,  '22,  '32. 

Crossley,  Aaron.  Peerage  of  Ireland,  Dubl.,  1725,  fol. 

Crossley,  J.  T.  Educational  works,  Lon.,  12,  18, 
and  24mo. 

Crossman,  F.  G.  Course  of  Prayer,  Lon.,  1824, 12mo. 

Crossman,  Henry.     Serms.,  &c.,  1758-1816. 

Crossman,  Samuel.     Sermons,  1680,  '82,  '86. 

Crosswell,  Wm.  Tables  for  Longitude,  Bost,,  1791, 
8vo. 

Crosthwaite,  Charles.  Synchronology,  being  a 
Treatise  on  History,  Chronology,  and  Mythology,  Oxf., 
1839,  8vo. 

"  Useful  information."— BICKERSTETH. 

CrosthAvaite,  J.  C.,  Rector  of  St.  Mary-at-Hill. 
Maps  illustrating  the  Journeys  of  Christ  and  of  St.  Paul, 
Lon.,  1830. 

"  A  useful  supplement  to  the  Atlases  to  the  Bible,  hitherto  pub 
lished." — Lon.  Chris.  Remembrancer. 

1.  The  Christian  Ministry.     2:  Discourses,  1835,  8vo. 

"  Very  strongly  recommended  to  all  lovers  of  vigorous  thought, 
sound  principles,  and  curious  and  accurate  information." — British 
Magazine. 

Serms.,  1840,  12mo.  Daily  Communion,  1841,  18mo. 
Modern  Hagiology,  1846,  2  vols.  12mo. 

CrosthAvaite,  John.  Pendulums;  in  Trans.  Irish 
Acad.,  1788. 

Croswell,  AndreAV,  minister  in  Boston,  Mass.,  died 
1785,  aged  76.  Theolog.  treatises,  1746,  '68,  '71. 

CrosAvell,  EdAVin,  a  native  of  Catskill,  New  York, 
editor  of  the  Albany  Argus,  has  pub.  a  number  of  Addresses, 
<fcc.,  and  is  said  to  be  preparing  Sketches  and  Anecdotes 
of  Men  and  Events  of  his  Time. 

Croswell,  Rev.  Harry,  father  of  the  Rev.  Wm. 
Croswell,  at  one  time  a  leading  political  editor  at  Hudson 
and  Albany,  N.Y.  1.  Rudiments  of  the  Church.  2.  Family 
Prayers,  New  Haven,  8vo  and  12mo;  new  ed.,  revised,  N.Y., 
1857,  12mo. 

Croswell,  Rev.  William,  1804-1851,  b.  at  Hudson, 
N.Y.,  son  of  the  preceding ;  grad.  at  Yale  Coll.,  1822 ; 
Rector  of  Christ  Church,  Boston,  1829-40;  St.  Peter's 
Church,  Auburn,  N.Y.,  1840-44;  Rector  of  Church  of  the 
Advent,  Boston,  1844-51.  See  specimens  of  his  poetry, 
&c.  in  Duyckincks'  Cyc.  of  Ainer.  Lit,  Griswold's  Poets 
and  Poetry  of  America,  and  Memoirs  by  his  Father,  N.Y., 
1853,  8vo. 

Crotch,  Wm.,  Mus.  Doc.  Elements  of  Musical  Com 
position,  1812,  4to.  Styles  of  Music,  1812,  3  vols.  fol. 
Substance  of  Lectures  on  Music,  8vo. 

"  A  very  popular  and  pleasant  work."—  Westminster  Review. 

Crouch,  EdAVin  A.  An  English  edit,  of  Lamarck's 
Conchology,  Lon.,  1827,  r.  4to. 

"We  can  strongly  recommend  it  to  all  those  who  feel  interested 
in  this  department  of  natural  history."— ion.  Literary  Gazette. 

Crouch,  Henry.  British  Customs,  Lon.,  1724-28, 8vo. 
Guide  to  the  Officers  of  the  Customs,  1732,  fol. 

Crouch,Humphrey.  Parliament  of  Graces,  1 642,4to. 

Crouch,  John.     Muses'  Joy,  &c.,  Lon.,  1657-66. 

Crouch,  Nathaniel.     See  BURTON,  ROBERT. 

Crouch,  Wm.     Posthuma  Christiana,  Lon.,  1712,  8vo. 

Crouleus,  Robert.     See  CROWLEY. 

Crouiie,  Wm.     See  CROON. 

CroAV,  Rev.  Francis,  died  1692.  Vanity  and  Im 
piety  of  Judicial  Astrology,  1690,  8vo.  Mensalia  Sacra, 
1693,  8vo. 

CroAV,  or  Crowe,  Sir  Sackville.  His  Case  as  it  now 
stands,  with  his  request  to  the  Parliament,  Lon.,  1652,  4to 

Crowe,  Anna  Mary.  Case  in  Chancery,  1806,  8vo 
Letter  to  Dr.  Willis  on  Private  Mad  Houses,  1811,  8vo. 

Crowe,  Mrs.  Catherine,  whose  maiden  name  was 
Stevens,  is  a  native  of  Borough  Green,  county  of  Kent, 
England.  She  married  Lt.-Col.  Crowe,  Royal  Army.  Lighl 
and  Darkness;  or,  Mysteries  of  Life,  Lon.,  1850,  3  vols. 
p.  8vo.  Men  and  Women,  1843,  3  vols.  p.  8vo.  Pippie's 
Warning,  1848,  16mo.  Aristodemus ;  a  Tragedy.  Susan 
Hopley,  1841,  3  vols.  p.  8vo.  Lilly  Dawson,  1847,  2  vols. 
12mo. 

"  A  novel  of  rare  merit." — Lon.  Messenger. 

"  A  creation  worthy  of  Scott."— John  Butt. 

Adventures  of  a  Beauty,  1852,  3  vols.  p.  8vo.  The  Night 
Side  of  Nature,  1848,  2  vols.  12mo. 

"  It  shows  that  the  whole  doctrine  of  spirits  is  worthy  of  the 
most  serious  attention." — Lon.  Athcn&um. 

CroAve,  Eyre  Evans.  The  English  in  Italy  an 
France.  To-Day  in  Ireland.  Tales,  1825,  3  vols.  p.  8vo 
Yesterday  in  Ireland.  Tales,  1829,  3  vols.  p.  8vo.  Hist 
of  France,  1830-44,  3  vols.  p.  8vo. 


CRO 

Crowe,  Rev.  Henry.  Zoophilos;  or  Considerations 
n  the  Moral  Treatment  of  Inferior  Animals,  3d  ed.,  Bath, 
822,  12mo. 

Crowe,  Wm.  Catalogue  of  Eng.  Writers  on  the  Old 
and  New  Testaments,  2d  ed.,  Lon.,  1668,  12mo. 

Elenchus  Scriptorum  in  Sacram  Scripturam  tarn  Grseco- 
rum  quam  Latinorum  in  quo  exhibentur  eorum  gens,  patria, 
>rofessio,  religio :  liborum  tituli,  volumnia,  editiones  varise, 
jondini,  1672,  8vo. 

The  compiler  actually  arranges  his  authors  under  their 
Christian  names !  Of  the  whims  of  book-makers  there  is 
no  end ! 

Crowe,  Wm.,  DD.     Serms.,  <fcc.,  Lon.,  1720-44. 

Crowe,  Wm.  Serms.  and  Orations,  1781,  '88,  1800. 
Lewesdon  Hill;  a  Poem,  Lon.,  1786,  '88,  1804,  4to. 

"  A  poem  of  very  considerable  merit." — LOWNDES. 

Treatise  on  English  Versification,  1827,  p.  8vo. 

Crowell,  William,  born  1806,  at  Middlefield,  Mass. 
Church  Member's  Manual,  12mo,  2d  ed.,  1852.  Church 
Member's  Hand  Book,  1851.  Also  many  Sunday  School 
Books.  Ed.  Christian  Watchman,  1838-48. 

Crowfoot,  Wm.  Observ.  on  Apoplexy,  Lon.,  1801, 8vo. 

CroAvley,  John.  Thoughts  on  the  Emancipation  of 
the  Roman  Catholics,  1811,  8vo. 

Crowley,  Robert,  d.  1588,  a  divine,  poet,  bookseller, 
and  printer,  was  educated  at,  and  became  Fellow  of,  Mag 
dalen  College,  Oxford.  He  was  made  Archdeacon  of  Here 
ford,  and  in  1558  was  collated  to  a  prebend  at  St.  Paul's, 
London.  In  1550  he  pub.  the  1st  ed.  of  Piers  Plowman's 
Vision,  and  with  the  same  design — to  expose  the  vices  and 
follies  of  the  age — he  put  forth  31  Epigrams.  For  a  list 
of  his  works  and  notices  of  them,  see  Strype's  Life  of  Par 
ker  and  his  Memorials;  Tanner  and  Bale;  Bliss's  Wood's 
Athen.  Oxon.;  Warton's  Hist.  Eng.  Poetry;  Watt's  Bibl. 
Brit. ;  Dibdin's  Typ.  Antiq. ;  and  Lowndes's  Bibl.  Man. 

CroAVley,  Thos.    Life  of  M.  de  la  Sarre,  1751,  12mo. 

Crowley,  Thomas.     Payment  of  Tithes,  1776,  8vo. 

Crowne,  or  CroAvn,  John,  a  native  of  No-,  a  Scotia, 
obtained  considerable  notoriety  at  the  court  of  Charles  II. 
as  a  writer  of  plays,  18  of  which  are  enumerated  in  the 
Biog.  Dramat.  Of  these,  The  Destruction  of  Jerusalem, 
1677,  4to,  and  City  Politiques,  1675,  4to,  seem  to  have  been 
among  the  best.  He  also  wrote  Pandion  and  Amphigenia, 
1665,  8vo,  and  Dseneids,  1672,  4to,  and  trans.  Boileau's 
Lutrin. 

"  He  may  assuredly  be  allowed  to  stand  at  least  in  the  third  rank 
of  our  dramatic  writers." — Biog.  Dramat. 

CrOAVne,  Wm.  Travels  of  the  Lord  Howard,  Lon., 
1637,  4to.  Condemned,  as  abounding  in  errors  and  imper 
fections. 

Crownfield,  Henry.     On  the  Scriptures,  1752,  8vo. 

Crowquill,  Alfred,  (Alfred  Henry  Forrester,) 
b.  1806,  brought  up  to  his  father's  profession  of  Public  Notary 
at  the  North  Gate  of  the  London  Royal  Exchange,  where  his 
family  had  practised  the  same  profession  for  a  century  be 
fore.  Commenced  his  literary  career  at  the  age  of  15,  by 
a  swarm  of  papers  in  various  monthly  publications  of  the 
period.  At  the  age  of  20  practised  drawing,  with  a  de 
termination  to  illustrate  his  own  works,  pub.  Leaves  from 
his  Memorandum-Book, — a  volume  of  comic  prose  and 
verse  illustrated  by  himself,  and  various  caricatures  in  the 
fashion  of  the  day.  In  the  same  year  he  published  Eccen 
tric  Tales,  1  vol.  8vo,  illustrated  by  himself.  In  1828  he 
was  solicited  by  Mr.  Colburn  to  join  the  celebrated  clique 
of  authors  then  engaged  to  produce  the  Humorist  papers 
in  his  Magazine, — Theodore  Hook,  Benjamin  Disraeli,  and 
a  host  of  others.  He  wrote  the  Humorist's  introduction. 
He  left  this  Magazine  to  join  Bentley's  celebrated  Mis 
cellany,  with  Dickens,  Father  Prout,  Tom  Ingoldsby,  Dr. 
Maginn,  <fec.  He  was  also  the  first  illustrator  of  Punch 
and  of  the  Illustrated  News.  An  exhibitor  of  large  pen- 
and-ink  drawings  at  the  Royal  Academy.  Painter  in  oil, 
from  which  many  engravings  were  published.  Designer 
and  modeller.  He  designed  the  statuette  of  the  Duke  of 
Wellington  produced  a  fortnight  before  the  duke's  death, 
which  he  presented  to  her  Majesty  and  the  allied  sovereigns. 
The  Wanderings  of  a  Pen  and  Pencil;  a  large  antiquarian 
book  profusely  illustrated.  Comic  English  Grammar. 
Comic  Arithmetic.  Phantasmagoria  of  Fun,  2  vols.  8vo. 
Bentley  Fun.  A  Bundle  of  Crowquills.  Magic  and 
Meaning  It,  1  vol.  Scrap  Books,  innumerable.  Railway 
Raillery.  St.  George  and  the  Dragon,  &c.  Gold ;  a  Poem, 
illustrated  with  twelve  outlines,  large  4to.  Absurdities, 
8vo.  Reproof  of  the  Brutes,  Careless  Chicken,  and  many 
vols.  of  Fairy  Tales.  Engraver  on  steel,  stone,  copper, 
and  wood.  Picture  Fables;  new  ed.,  1855,  4to.  Little 
Pilgrim,  1856,  4to. 


CRO 


CRU 


Crowsley,  John.  Good  Husband's  Jewel,  1651, 12mo. 

Crowther,  Bryan,  Surgeon.  Profess,  treatises,  1797- 
1811. 

Crowther,  J.  Dissertation  on  Acts  xvii.  30,  Lon., 
1822,  8vo. 

Crowther,  P.  W.    Law  of  Arrest,  <fcc.,  Lon.,  1828,  8vo. 

Crowther,  S.     Sermon,  Lon.,  1814,  4to. 

CroAVther,  S.  Grammar  of  the  Yoruba  Language, 
Lon.,  1852,  8vo;  Vocabulary  of  do.,  with  Introduc.  by  Rev. 
Mr.  Vidal,  1852,  8vo. 

"It  proves  that  a  whole  African  race,  numbering  3,000,000,  ex 
ists,  possessing  a  language  highly  refined  and  developed."— ion. 

Croxall,  Samuel,  D.D.,  died  1752,  educated  at  St. 
John's  College,  Cambridge,  Archdeacon  of  Salop,  Ac.  The 
Fair  Circassian,  Lon.,  1720,  4to;  later  edits,  in  12mo. 
Fables  of  JEsop  and  others,  trans,  into  English,  1722.  Very 
popular.  Serms.,  1715-41.  Scripture  Politics,  1735,  8vo. 
He  also  wrote  some  poems,  and  edited  the  collection  of  Se 
lect  Novels  and  Histories,  from  the  French,  Italian,  and 
Spanish,  printed  for  Watts,  Lon.,  1729,  6  vols.  12mo.  There 
was  no  want  of  variety  in  Croxall's  literary  pursuits. 

Crudeii.  Complete  Family  Bible,  with  Notes,  Lon., 
1770,  2  vols.  fol. 

"  An  indifferently-executed  commentary."— HORNE. 

This  is  not  the  publication  of  Alexander  Cruden. 

Cruden,  Alexander,  1701-1770,  a  native  of  Aber 
deen,  educated  at  Marischal  College,  designed  entering  the 
Church,  but  was  prevented  by  symptoms  of  insanity.  In 
1732  he  settled  in  London  as  a  permanent  residence, 

rned  a  bookstore,  and  became  a  corrector  to  the  press, 
styled  himself  Alexander  the  Corrector.  In  1733  he 
commenced  the  preparation  of  his  Concordance  to  the  Holy 
Scriptures,  and  laboured  with  such  industry  in  the  inter 
vals  of  business,  that  he  was  able  to  put  it  to  press  in 
1737,  4to;  2d  ed.,  1761,  4to;  3d  ed.,  with  improvements, 
1769,  4to ;  6th  ed.,  with  Life,  by  Alex.  Chalmers,  1812,  4to; 
10th  ed.,  1824,  r.  8vo.  The  editor  of  this  last  ed.  hopes 
that  his  ''extraordinary  care  will  obtain  for  this  edition 
the  high  recommendation  of  being  THE  MOST  CORRECT  EDI 
TION  OP  CRUDEN'S  CONCORDANCE  EVER  PUBLISHED."  But 
alas !  for  the  hope  of  faultless  typography !  The  editor 
of  the  Phila.  reprint  of  1830  professes  to  have  discovered 
(and  corrected)  in  this  immaculate  edition,  no  less  than 
TEN  THOUSAND  ERRORS  in  the  references,  which  had  escaped 
the  eye  of  the  London  editor  I 

Of  Cruden's  Concordance,  there  have  been  many  abridg 
ments,  which  profess  to  contain  all  that  is  valuable  in  the 
original,  which  makes  us  marvel  at  the  stupidity  of  the 
author,  who  devoted  so  many  days  and  nights  to  accumu 
late  what  we  are  now  assured  is  entirely  superfluous  !  Yet 
being  old-fashioned  in  our  ideas,  we  rather  prefer  having 
every  line  of  this  unnecessary  matter. 

The  late  Rev.  Thos.  Scott,  author  of  the  Commentary, 
partially  prepared  a  new  Concordance  to  the  Bible.  See 
his  Life  by  his  son.  Mr.  Scott  remarks  that 

"  The  errors  and  deficiencies  in  Cruden  are  tenfold  more  than 
are  generally  suspected." 

But,  on  the  other  hand,  Dr.  Williams  declares  that 

"  It  is  so  complete  as  a  Concordance  that  nothing  remains  mate 
rially  deficient."— Christian  Preacher. 

"  It  is  not  unlikely  that  Cruden,  corrected  and  improved,  will 
still  retain  his  place  in  English  literature."— ORME  :  JBibl.  Bib. 

"  Cruden's  Concordance,  or  a  similar  work,  is  indispensable  to 
ministers." 

"  Cruden's  Concordance  should  be  in  everybody's  library.  It  is 
uncommonly  complete,  the  definitions  of  leading  words  remark 
ably  accurate,  and  the  references  exceedingly  correct." — LOWNDES. 

Cruden  also  wrote  An  Account  of  the  History  and  Ex 
cellency  of  the  Holy  Scriptures,  prefixed  to  a  Compendium 
of  the  Holy  Bible ;  A  Scripture  Dictionary ;  an  Index  to 
Bp.  Newton's  edit,  of  Milton  ;  The  History  of  Richard  Pot 
ter,  and  sundry  pieces  under  the  names  of  The  London 
Citizen  and  Alexander  the  Corrector. 

We  notice  with  commendation  Wm.  Youngman's  edit, 
of  Cruden's  Concordance,  with  a  Compendium  of  the  Bible, 
and  a  Brief  Account  of  its  History  and  Excellence,  to 
which  is  added  a  Sketch  of  the  Life  of  the  Author. 

Cruden,  John.  Address  to  the  loyal  part  of  the 
Brit.  Empire,  and  the  friends  of  Monarchy  throughout 
the  Globe,  8vo. 

Cruden,  R.  P.  Obser.  upon  Municipal  Bodies  in 
Eng.  and  Wales,  1826,  8vo.  Hist,  of  Gravesend  and  Port 
of  London,  1844,  r.  8vo. 

'•  This  volume  contains  a  complete  history  of  the  Thames  and 
all  that  is  connected  with  it,  its  Docks  and  Arsenals,  and  the  great 
historical  scenes  that  have  been  witnessed  on  its  shores,  added  to 
an  immense  amount  of  curious  information  relating  to  the  early 
history  and  progress  of  the  navy,  interesting  alike  to  the  antiquary 
and  political  economist." 
456 


Cruickshank,  Brodie.  Eighteen  Years  in  the  Gold 
Coast  of  Africa,  Lon.,  1853,  2  vols. 

"  One  of  the  most  interesting  books  that  ever  came  into  our 
hands." — Lon.  Standard. 

"  It  will  give  a  fresh  impulse  to  the  efforts  of  philanthropy  and 
reHgion."-Jb7m  Bull 

Cruickshank,  Thos.     Practical  Planter,  Lon.,  8vo. 

Cruikshank,  Geo.     Salt  Duties,  1734-45,  3  vols.  fol. 

Cruikshank,  George,  born  in  London  about  1794, 
has  attained  great  celebrity  as  an  artist  of  rare  talents, 
both  in  humour  and  pathos.  An  interesting  account 
of  his  labours  will  be  found  in  Men  of  the  Time,  Lon. 
1853,  18mo,  also  in  Lon.  Jour.,  1847,  by  Dr.  Mackenzie; 
Westm.  Rev.,  1840  ;  Knight's  Eng.  Cyc.,  vol.  ii.,  Div.  Biog. 

Cruikshank,  Jas.  Treat,  on  Polit.  Econ.,  1811,  8vo. 

Cruikshank,  Robert,  brother  of  George  Cruikshank. 
Facetiae:  being  a  Collection  of  all  the  Humorous  Jeux- 
d'Esprit  which  have  been  illustrated  by  R.  C.,  Lon.,  2  vols. 
These  vols.  comprise  all,  from  Monsieur  Tonson  to  Margate. 

Cruikshank,  Wm.,  1745-1800,  an  eminent  surgeon 
and  anatomist,  was  a  native  of  Edinburgh,  and  succes 
sively  a  pupil,  assistant,  and  partner  of  the  celebrated  Dr. 
Hunter.  The  publication  of  his  Anatomy  of  the  Absorbent 
Vessels,  in  1786,  4to,  secured  him  immediate  reputation; 
2d  ed.,  1790,  4to.  He  had  previously  pub.  treatises  on 
Absorption  and  Respiration,  1779,  8vo.  Some  of  his  pa 
pers  were  pub.  in  Phil.  Trans  and  Nic.  Jour.  See  Watt's 
Bibl.  Brit. 

Cruise,  Major  Richard  A.,  Royal  Army.  Jour 
nal  of  a  Ten  Months'  Residence  in  New  Zealand,  Lon., 
1823,  8vo.  Contains  much  information  respecting  the 
productions  of  New  Zealand,  and  the  manners,  religion, 
and  character  of  the  natives. 

Cruise,  Wm.  Fines  and  Recoveries,  3d  ed.,  Lon., 
1794,  2  vols.  8vo.  Modelled  upon  Fearne's  Contingent 
Remainders.  Essay  on  Uses,  1795,  8vo.  Digest  of  the 
Laws  of  England  respecting  Real  Property,  Lon.,  1804-07, 
7  vols.  8vo ;  4th  ed.,  by  H.  H.  White,  1835,  7  vols.  8vo ; 
5th  Amer.  from  the  4th  London  ed.,  revised,  enlarged,  and 
adapted  to  American  Practice,  by  Simon  Greenleaf,  LL.D., 
Royall  Prof,  of  Law  in  Harvard  Univ.,  Boston,  1849,  '50, 
3  vols.  8vo. 

"  We  are  sure  that  Mr.  Greenleaf  could  have  performed  no  task 
which  would  be  more  generally  acceptable,  than  this  very  one  of 
winnowing  the  chaff  from  the  wheat.  It  has  been  performed  in  a 
manner  which  will  do  justice  to  his  eminent  reputation.  No  work 
•which  has  appeared  for  a  long  time  will  be  more  valuable  to  stu 
dents,  or  to  the  profession  generally." — Law  Reporter. 

Principles  of  Conveyancing,  Lon.,  1808,  6  vols.  8vo. 
Origin  and  Nature  of  Dignities  or  Titles  of  Honour,  Lon., 
1810,  8vo  ;  2d  ed.,  1823,  r.  8vo. 

"  Mr.  Cruise's  book  is  an  extremely  useful  book  of  reference."— 
LORD  REDESDALE. 

"  With  as  little  erroneous  matter  as  might  be  expected  in  a  book 
of  that  description." — SIR  ANTHONY  HART. 

Crull,  Jodocus,  M.D.  Antient  and  Present  State 
of  Muscovy,  Lon.,  1698,  2  vols.  8vo.  Continuation  of 
Puffendorf's  Introduc.  to  Hist  of  Europe,  1705,  8vo.  An 
tiquities  of  St.  Peter  in  the  Abbey  Ch.  of  Westminster, 
1711,  8vo ;  1722,  2  vols.  8vo. 

Crump,  J.     Protection  of  Brit.  Commerce,  1812. 

Crump,  John,  became  minister  at  Maidstone  about 
1653,  ejected  for  Nonconformity,  1662.  The  Great  Sup 
per,  1669,  sm.  8vo. 

Crump,  W.  H.,  a  native  of  England,  has  been  for 
many  years  settled  in  Philadelphia,  where  he  is  one  of  the 
most  popular  and  intelligent  members  of  the  periodical 
press.  The  World  in  a  Pocket  Book,  or  Universal  Popu 
lar  Statistics,  Phila.,  1841,  24mo.  Eighth  ed.,  greatly 
enlarged  and  improved,  with  the  addition  of  Part  2,  1858, 
12mo,  pp.  446. 

Crnmpe,  Saml.,  M.D.,  of  Limerick,  Ireland.  Opium, 
Lon.,  1793,  8vo.  Essay  on  the  Means  of  Providing  Em 
ployment  for  the  People,  Lon.,  1793;  2d  ed.,  1795,  8vo. 
The  prize  proposed  by  the  Royal  Irish  Academy  was  ob 
tained  by  this  essay. 

"A  really  valuable  publication.  . . .  The  principles  which  pervade 
the  work  are  sound ;  and  those  parts  of  it  which  have  special  refer 
ence  to  Ireland  are  distinguished  by  the  absence  of  prejudice  and 
by  their  practical  good  sense." — McCuLLOCH :  Lit.  of  Polit.  Econ. 

Crumpe,  Thomas.     Orthography,  Lon.,  1712, 12mo. 

Cruse,  Peter  Hoffman,  1793-1832,  a  native  of  Bal 
timore,  contributed  largely  to  the  Reviews,  and  was  for 
several  years  editor  of  the  Baltimore  American.  Some 
of  his  poetry  will  be  found  in  The  Red  Book,  a  periodical 
pub.  in  Baltimore  1818-19,  by  Mr.  Cruse  and  John  P.  Ken 
nedy,  a  favourite  American  author. 

Crusio,  Cato,  M.D.    Skin  Disease,  Phil.  Trans.,  1754. 

Crusius,  Lewis.  Roman  Poets,  Lon.,  1733,  '53,  2 
vols.  12mo. 


CRU 

Cruso,  Job.  Castremetion,  or  the  measuring  out  the 
quarters  for  the  Encamping  of  an  Army,  Lon.,  1642,  4to. 
Medicamentorum  Thesaurus,  1701,  8vo;  in  English,  with 
Annotations,  Glossary,  and  Index,  1771,  12mo. 

Cruso,  Timothy,  1657  F-1697,  a  Dissenting  divine. 
Serms.  1688,  '89,  Ac.  Three  vols.  of  Discourses,  1697,  '98, 
'99,  sm.  8vo. 

"  Superior  sermons  for  matter.  Cruso's  works  might  be  advan 
tageously  reprinted."— BICKERSTBTH. 

Crutchley,  John.  Agricult.  of  the  County  of  Rut 
land,  Lon.,  1795,  4to.  See  Donaldson's  Agricult.  Biog. 

Cruttenden,  David  H.,  b.  1816,  Saratoga  co.,  N.Y.; 
grad.  Union  Coll.,  1841.  Author  of  a  series  of  Systematic 
Arithmetics ;  Philosophy  of  Sentential  Language;  Geo 
graphy  and  History  Combined,  &c. 

Cruttenden,  Jos.    Wounded  Seamen,  Ac.,  1780,  4to. 

Cruttenden,  R.    His  Experience,  Lon.,  1744,  8vo. 

Cruttwell,  C.,  Surgeon.  Professional  treatise,  Bath, 
1778,  12mo. 

Cruttwell,  Rd.     Treatise  on  Currency,  Lon.,  8vo. 

Crutwell,  Rev.  Clement.  The  Scripture  Har 
mony,  or  Concordance  of  Parallels,  Lon.,  1790,  4to. 

"  This  is  a  very  elaborate  work,  and  will  amply  repay  the  labour 
of  consulting ;  though  the  parallelisms  are  not  always  to  be  traced, 
and  are  sometimes  very  fanciful.  But  for  this  the  industrious  au 
thor  is  not  to  be  censured,  as  he  everywhere  cites  his  authorities, 
which  are  very  numerous." — Home's  Introduction. 

Crutwell  pub.  an  edit,  of  the  Bible  in  1785,  3  vols.  4to, 
with  the  notes  of  Bishop  Wilson,  of  Sodor  and  Man.  A 
Gazetteer  of  France,  1793,  3  vols.  12mo ;  of  the  Nether 
lands,  1794,  8vo.  Universal  Gazetteer,  1798,  3  vols.  4to . 
1808,  4  vols.  8vo.  Superseded  by  later  works.  Tour 
through  Great  Britain,  1801,  6  vols.  8vo.  Life  of  Bishop 
Wilson,  4to. 

Crutwell,  Richd.     Funeral  Discourse,  1809. 

Cruwys,  H.  S.  Archetype  of  the  Septuagint,  1773,  8vo. 

Cry  me  s,  Thomas,  alias  Graham.  Carmina  Pro- 
gymnastica,  Lon.,  1654,  8vo.  Roxburghe,  2803,  £3  11*. 

Cubitt ,  George.  Scriptural  Expositions,  Lon.,  1844, 
18mo.  Parables,  1840,  18mo.  Sketches  and  Skeletons 
of  Sermons,  ISmo. 

Cudmore,  Daniel.     Sacred  Poems,  Lon.,  1655,  8vo. 

"Written  in  a  great  variety  of  measure,  and  several  of  them 
have  peculiar  merit,  mingled  with  much  quaintness." — LOWNDES. 

History  of  Joseph,  a  Poem,  1652,  4to. 

Cudworth,  John.  Fides  Eccl.  Anglic.,  Ac.,  Oxon., 
1688,  fol. 

Cudworth,  Ralph,  1617-1688,  a  native  of  Aller, 
Somersetshire,  where  his  father  was  rector,  was  educated 
at  Emanuel  College,  Cambridge,  of  which  he  became  a 
Fellow  and  Tutor;  Hector  of  North  Cadbury,  1641; 
Master  of  Clare  Hall,  1644  ;  Prof.  of.  Hebrew,  1645;  Mas 
ter  of  Christ's  College,  1654;  Vicar  of  Ash  well,  Hertford 
shire,  1662;  Prebendary  of  Gloucester,  1678.  The  Lord's 
Supper,  with  two  Sermons  on  the  Union  of  Christ  and  the 
Church  in  a  Shadow,  Lon.,  1642,  8vo.  Cudworth's  hypo 
thesis  is  that  the  Supper  is  a  Feast  upon  a  Sacrifice.  This 
opinion  was  revived  by  Bishops  Warburton  and  Cleaver, 
Dr.  Worthington  and  Mr.  Willets,  and  opposed  by  Dr. 
Bell  and  others. 

"Cudworth's  notion  was  adopted  by  many  able  writers,  but 
they  do  not  appear  to  the  author  to  have  proved  that  the  supposed 
view  was  intended  by  our  Lord."— BICKERSTETH  :  Chris.  Student. 

Two  Sermons,  1647,  4to.  In  1678  he  pub.  his  celebrated 
work,  The  True  Intellectual  System  of  the  Universe; 
wherein  the  Reason  and  Philosophy  of  Atheism  is  confuted; 
fol. ;  2d  ed.,  with  Life  of  the  author  by  Birch,  1733, 2  vols. 
4to.  Abridgt.  of  1st  ed.,  1706,  2  vols.  4to,  by  Rev.  Thomas 
Wise.  In  Latin,  by  Mosheim;  Jense,  1733,  2  vols.  fol.  • 
with  improvements,  Leyden,  1773,  2  vols.  4to. 

"  The  Latin  translation  by  Professor  Mosheim  is  greatly  to  be 
preferred  to  the  English  original,  not  only  for  its  purity  and  ele 
gance,  but  also  for  its  great  abundance  and  excellence  of  learned 
notes."— BISHOP  WARBURTON. 

Cudworth  did  not  complete  his  whole  design  in  the  In 
tellectual  System,  but  was  discouraged  from  publishing 
any  thing  further  by  the  misrepresentations  to  which  his 
learned  labours  were  subjected.  He  left  several  MSS., 
which  appear  to  have  been  intended  as  a  continuation  of 
his  design.  One  of  these,  A  Treatise  concerning  eternal 
and  immutable  Morality,  was  pub.  by  Bishop  Chandler  in 
1731,  8vo.  A  number  of  his  MSS.  are  deposited  in  the 
British  Museum.  Cudworth's  great  work  was  elicited  by 
the  absurd,  yet  mischievous,  principles  advocated  by  Hobbes 
in  the  Leviathan.  Being  a  perfectly  fair  and  ingenuous 
opponent,  Cudworth  placed  the  atheistic  doctrines  which 
he  intended  to  refute  in  the  clearest  light,  and  stated  them 
with  such  force,  that,  to  his  amazement,  he  found  his  own 
sincerity  doubted  when  he  proceeded  to  show  their  fallacy ! 


CUF 

He  unfortunately  encumbered  his  argument  by  an  admix 
ture  of  Platonic  philosophy,  and  a  "  wild  hypothesis  of  a 
plastic  nature,"  assumed  to  be  the  immediate  instrument 
ality  by  which  the  Divine  Being  carried  his  purposes  into 
execution.  His  fate,  with  some  shallow  minds,  was  that 
of  Sir  Thomas  Browne — to  be  considered  a  champion  of 
impieties,  which  he  abhorred. 

"  He  raised  such  strong  objections  against  the  being  of  a  God 
and  Providence,  that  many  thought  he  had  not  answered  them." 
— DRYDEN. 

"  Though  the  whole  world  were  no  less  satisfied  with  his  capa 
city  and  learning,  than  with  his  sincerity  in  the  cause  of  the 
Deity ;  yet  was  he  accused  of  giving  the  upper  hand  to  the  atheists, 
for  having  stated  their  reasons  and  those  of  their  adversaries  fairly 
together.  .  .  .  The  common  fate  of  those  who  dare  to  appear  fair 
authors." — LORD  SIIAFTESBTJRY. 

The  depth  of  erudition  displayed  in  the  Intellectual 
System  has  been  a  subject  of  admiration  to  the  learned  of 
all  varieties  of  opinion. 

u  It  contains  the  greatest  mass  of  learning  and  argument  that 
ever  was  brought  to  bear  on  atheism.  A  thousand  folio  pages, 
full  of  learned  quotations,  and  references  to  all  heathen  and  sacred 
antiquity,  demonstrate  the  fertility  and  laborious  diligence  of 
the  author.  And  whoever  wishes  to  know  all  that  can  be  said 
respecting  liberty  and  necessity,  fate  and  free-will,  eternal  reason 
and  justice,  and  arbitrary  omnipotence,  has  only  to  digest  the 
Intellectual  System."— Orme's  Bibl.  Bib. 

"  It  will  at  least  be  expedient,  I  had  almost  said  necessary,  to 
know  so 'much  of  the  opinions  of  heathen  antiquity  as  is  to  be 
learned  from  those  authentic  documents  which  the  industry  of 
the  indefatigable  Cudworth  has  collected  and  arranged  with  great 
judgment."— BISHOP  HORSLEY. 

"  Great  strength  of  genius  and  a  vast  compass  of  learning." — 
BISHOP  BURNET. 

"  With  a  boldness  uncommon  indeed,  but  very  becoming  a  man 
conscious  of  his  own  integrity,  and  of  the  truth  and  evidence  of 
his  cause,  Dr.  Cudworth  launched  out  into  the  immensity  of  the 
Intellectual  System,  and.  at  his  first  essay,  penetrated  the  very 
darkest  recesses  of  antiquity  to  strip  atheism  of  all  its  disguises, 
and  drag  up  the  lurking  monster  to  conviction." — BISHOP  WAR- 
BURTON. 

"  Like  another  Atlas,  he  carried  in  this  work  the  whole  World 
of  Learning  on  his  broad  intellectual  shoulders." 

"The  Intellectual  System  is  an  immense  storehouse  of  facts,  of 
arguments,  and  principles." 

"  That  great  master  of  learning  and  reasoning,  Dr.  Cudworth." 
—DR.  J.  PYE  SMITH. 

"The  Intellectual  System  will  forever  remain  a  precious  mine 
of  information  to  those  whose  curiosity  may  lead  them  to  study 
the  spirit  of  the  ancient  theories." — DUGALD  STEWART. 

"  The  Intellectual  System  is  a  work  of  stupendous  erudition, 
and  of  frequent  mastery  over  diction  and  illustration  on  subjects 
where  it  is  most  rare." — SIR  JAMES  MACKINTOSH. 

"  Cudworth  was  one  of  those  whom  Hobbes  had  roused  by  the 
atheistic  and  immoral  theories  of  the  Leviathan ;  nor  did  any  an 
tagonist  of  that  philosopher  bring  a  more  vigorous  understanding 
to  the  combat." — HALLAM  :  Literary  History. 

"  Dr.  Ralph  Cudworth  held  the  same  rank  in  Metaphysics  that 
Dr.  Barrow  did  in  the  Sublime  Geometry." — Granger's  Biog.  Hist. 

"The  Platonic  philosophy  was  with  greater  accuracy  and  sounder 
judgment  [than  evinced  by  Gale]  applied  to  the  refutation  of  im 
piety  by  Ralph  Cudworth.  ...  In  this  important  undertaking, 
he  very  successfully  employed  a  vast  fund  of  erudition." — Enfield's 
Hist  of  Philosophy. 

"Amongst  all  the  early  philosophical  writers  of  our  country, 
there  is  no  one  who  displayed  so  complete  a  mastery  over  the  me 
taphysical  systems  of  antiquity,  and  no  one  who  has  left  behind 
him  so  vast  a  monument  of  varied  and  accurate  learning,  as  Ralph 
Cudworth,  the  author  of  the  Intellectual  System."— Morett's  Hist. 
of  Modern  Philosophy. 

It  is  pleasing  to  reflect  that  to  the  eminent  Cudworth 
may  be  added  the  title  of  good  as  well  as  great : 

"  An  excellent  and  learned  divine,  of  highest  authority  at  home 
and  abroad." — LORD  SHAFTESBURY  :  Characteristics. 

An  unimpeachable  authority  thus  enthusiastically  com 
mends  Cudworth  : 

"  He  was  a  great  man 'in  all  parts  of  learning,  divine  and  hu 
man  ;  an  honour  to  Emanuel  College,  where  he  was  educated,  to 
Christ's  College,  where  he  afterwards  presided,  to  the  whole  Uni 
versity  of  Cambridge,  which  he  adorned ;  and  to  the  church  and 
age  in  which  he  lived."— BISHOP  BCRNET. 

Will  not  the  University  of  Cambridge,  thus  honoured 
by  his  name,  honour  his  memory  by  publishing  his  MSS.  ? 
How  much  would  the  world  be  the  gainer  by  the  reflec 
tions  of  so  profound  a  thinker  as  Cudworth  upon  such  sub 
jects  as  "Moral  Good  and  Evil;"  "  Liberty  and  Necessi 
ty;"  "The  Seventy  Weeks  of  Daniel;"  "The  Creation  of 
the  World ;"  "  The  Learning  of  the  Hebrews ;"  "  The  Notion 
of  Hobbes  concerning  God  and  Spirits !"  We  feel  some 
pride  in  recording  the  fact  that  an  edition  of  The  True  In 
tellectual  System  of  the  Universe  has  been  published  in 
America — Andover,  1837,  2  vols.  r.  8vo — and  an  edit,  of  his 
whole  works  has  recently  been  issued  in  New  York,  2  vols. 
8vo.  We  must  not  omit  to  recommend  to  the  reader  the  ex 
cellent  edition  published  in  London  in  1845,  3  vols.  8vo, 
which  contains  the  learned  Notes  and  Dissertations  of  the 
Latin  edition  by  Mosheim,  translated  by  Harrison. 

Cudworth,  Wm.     Sermons,  <fcc.,  1747,  '60. 

Cuff,  or  Cuffe,  Henry,  1560P-1601,  Greek  Prof,  at 


CUF 

Merton  College,  Oxford,  was  executed  at  Tyburn  as  a  par-  j 
ticipaut  of  the  treason  of  the  Earl  of  Essex.  The  Difference 
of  the  Ages  of  Man's  Life,  Lon.,  1607,  8vo.     He  left  some 
papers  evincing  great  learning.     See  Wood's  Athen.  Oxon.  i 
Cuffe,  Maurice.   News  from  Munster,  Lon.,  1642, 4to.  | 
Cuitt,  George.     Hist,  of  Chester,  1815,  8vo.     Etch-  ' 
ings  of  Ancient  Buildings,  1816,  fol.     Wanderings  and 
Pencillings  amongst  Ruins  of  the  Olden  Time,  1848,  r.  fol. 
"  These  plates  are  etched  with  great  freedom,  and  remind  us  of 
the  etchings  of  Rome,  (by  Pyranesi,)  to  which  they  come  nearer 
than  any  modern  work  of  British  Art  of  a  similar  class."— ion. 
Times. 

Culbcrtson,  Robert.    Serm.,  1817.    Lectures  on  the 
Prophecies  of  St.  John,  1818,  2  vols.  8vo. 
"  Rather  tedious,  but  always  sensible." — ORME. 
"  The  production  of  a  man  of  no  ordinary  endowments."— ion. 
Congregational  Mag. 

"  One  of  the  most  judicious  expositions  of  the  Book  of  Revela 
tion."— ion.  Edectic  Rev. 

Culham,  B.  P.     The  Fig  Leaf ;  a  Poem,  3d  ed.,  1805. 
Cull,  Francis.     Sermon,  Lon.,  1732,  8vo. 
Cull,  Richard.     Garrick's  mode  of  reading  the  Li 
turgy  ;  new  ed.,  Lon.,  1840,  8vo. 

Cnllen,  Arch.    Principles  of  the  Bankrupt  Law,  1800. 
"  Written  with  brevity  and  distinctness ;  omitting  nothing  that 
is  material,  and  introducing  nothing  that  is  unimportant." — Lon. 
Monthly  Review. 

Cnllen,  C.  S.     The  Bankrupt  Court,  1830. 
Cullen,  Charles.     Chemical  Analysis  of  Wolfram, 
Lon.,  1785,  8vo.     History  of  Mexico,  1787,  2  vols.  4to. 

Cullen,  Edmund,  M.D.  Phys.  and  Chem.  Essays, 
1785-91. 

Cullen,  Margaret,  daughter  of  DR.  CULLEN,  of  Edin 
burgh,  q.  v.  Home ;  a  Novel,  1803,  5  vols.  Morton ;  a 
Novel,  1814,  3  vols.  12mo. 

Cullen,  Michael.  Churchwarden's  Guide,Dubl.,1823. 
Cullen,  Paul,  R.  C.  Archbishop  of  Armagh,  conse 
crated  Feb.  24,  1850,  has  written  a  work,  "  affirming  the 
immutability  of  the  earth,  on  the  ground  of  his  interpre 
tation  of  the  theological  records." — Men  of  the  Time,  Lon., 
1853. 

Cullen,  Stephen.  The  Castle  of  Inchvally ;  a  Tale, 
alas  !  too  true,  1796,  3  vols.  12mo.  The  Haunted  Priory,8vo. 
Cullen,  Wm.,  M.D.,  1712-1790,  a  native  of  Lanark 
shire,  made  several  voyages  to  the  West  Indies  as  surgeon 
in  a  London  trading  vessel.  He  afterwards  settled  at 
Shotts,  where  he  entered  into  copartnership  with  Dr.  Wm. 
Hunter.  In  1746  Cullen  was  appointed  Lecturer  on  Che 
mistry  in  the  University  of  Glasgow,  and  in  1751  became 
King's  Professor  of -Medicine.  In  1756  he  accepted  the 
chair  of  Chemistry  in  the  Univ.  of  Edinburgh,  and  in  1763 
succeeded  Dr.  Alston  as  Professor  of  Medicine.  When 
obliged  by  physical  infirmity  to  resign  his  office  to  Dr. 
Black,  he  became  associated  with  Dr.  Gregory  in  the  lec 
tures  on  the  practice  of  physic.  Synopsis  Nosologiae  Me- 
thodicae  in  usumStudiosorum,  Edin.,1769,  8vo;  many  edits.; 
the  best  by  Dr.  John  Thompson,  1814,  8vo.  Lectures  on 
the  Materia  Medica,  Lon.,  1772,  4to;  pub.  without  the 
author's  consent;  reprinted  with  his  permission,  1773,  4to; 
Cullen's  own  edit.,  1789,  2  vols.  4to.  The  last  is  the  edit, 
to  be  sought  for.  It  is  still  one  of  the  best  works  on  the 
subject.  The  Recovery  of  the  Drowned,  Edin.,  1775,  8vo. 
First  Lines  of  the  Practice  of  Physic,  Edin.,  1776-83,  4 
vols.  8vo;  many  edits.  Dr.  Rotherham's,  Edin.,  1796,  4 
vols.  8vo;  several  edits,  by  Dr.  P.  Reid;  last,  1816,  2  vols. 
8vo.  The  7th  edit,  in  2  vols.  8vo,  with  Notes,  was  pub.  by 
Dr.  Gregory.  Clinical  Lectures,  1765,  '66,  pub.  by  an  au 
ditor,  Lon.,  1797,  8vo;  by  John  Thompson,  Edin.,1814,  8vo. 
Of  Cold;  Ess.  Phys.  and  Lit.,  2  p.,  cxlv.,  1756.  This  tract 
is  also  pub.  with  some  Experiments  by  Dr.  Black,  Edin., 
1776-82. 

The  amiability  of  Dr.  Cullen's  character  elicited  the  love, 
whilst  his  professional  attainments  commanded  the  respect, 
of  his  associates  and  the  public  at  large.  See  his  Life  by 
Dr.  Anderson  in  The  Bee,  vol.  i. 

Culley,  George,  1734-1813.     Observations  on  Live 
Stock,  Lon.,  1786,  8vo.     Agricult  of  Northumberland, 
1797,  8vo ;  in  conjunction  with  J.  Bailey. 
"The  treatise  on  live  stock  has  ever  been  very  justly  esteemed, 

and  the  county  survey  shows  an  enlightened  mind  " Donaldson's 

Agricult.  Biog. 

Culloch,  Me.     See  MCCULLOCH. 

Cullum,  Sir  Dudley.     Stove  ;  Phil.  Trans.,  1694. 

Cullum,  Rev.  Sir  John,  1733-1785,  Fellow  of  St. 
Catherine  Hall,  Cambridge ;  Rector  of  Hawstead,  1762  • 
Vicar  of  Great  Thurlow,  1774.  The  Hist,  and  Antiq.  of 
Hawstead  and  Hardwick,  Suffolk ;  2d  ed.,  with  Notes  by 
his  brother,  Sir  Thomas  Gery  Cullum,  Lon.,  1813,  r.  4to. 
200  copies  printed.  The  1st  ed.  was  pub.  in  Nichols's  Bib. 


CUM 

Top.  Brit. ;  see  No.  23.  A  Remarkable  Frost,  Phil.  Trans., 
1784.  See  Nichols's  Literary  Anecdotes. 

Cullum,  Sir  Thomas  Gery.  Con.  to  Med.  Obs. 
and  Inq.,  1794.  Mem.  Med.,  1792.  See  article  next  above. 

Cullyer,  John.  Gent,  and  Farmer's  Assistant,  Lou., 
1798,  12mo. 

"  Usefully  compiled." — Donaldson's  Agricult.  Biog. 

Tables  for  Gentlemen,  Farmers,  <fec.,  Norw.,  1803, 12mo. 

Culmer,  Rev.  Richard.  Cathedrall  Newes  from 
Canterbury,  Lon.,  1644,  4to. 

"  A  most  vile  pamphlet." — Fasti  Oxon. 

Dean  and  Chapter  Newes  from  Canterbury,  1649,  4to. 
Minister's  Hue  and  Cry,  1651, 4to.  Lawless  Tithe  Robbers 
Discovered,  1655,  4to. 

"Mr.  Richard  Culmer  was  an  ignorant  person,  and  with  his  ig 
norance  one  of  the  most  daring  schismatics  in  all  that  country, 
[Kent.]" — ARCHBISHOP  LAUD. 

See  an  account  of  Culmer—"  Blue  Dick  of  Thanet"— in 
Wood's  Fasti  Oxon. 

Culpepper,  Sir  John.  Speech  in  Parliament,1641,fol. 

Culpepper,  Nathaniel.  Almanack,  Cauib.,1686,8vo. 

Culpepper,  Nicholas,  1616-1654,  "  student  in  Phy 
sic  and  Astrology,"  was  a  violent  opponent  of  the  Royal 
College  of  Physicians.  He  pub.  a  number  of  works  on 
Medicine,  Medical  Botany,  Astrology,  the  Aurum  Potabile, 
Ac. :  see  Watt's  Bib.  Brit.  His  English  Physician,  1652, 
fol.,  has  passed  through  many  editions.  His  Herbal  is  not 
without  merit : 

"  His  descriptions  of  common  plants  are  drawn  up  with  a  clear 
ness  and  distinction  that  would  not  have  disgraced  a  better  pen." 

— DR.  PCLTENEY. 

Culpepper,  Sir  Thomas.  Moral  Discourses  and 
Essays,  Lon.,  1655,  8vo.  He  pub.  several  tracts  upon 
Usury,  1661-71,  urging  the*  reduction  of  the  rate  of  inte 
rest.  See  McCulloch's  Lit.  of  Polit.  Economy. 

Culros,  Lady  Eli/.  M.  Ane  Godlie  Dreame  com- 
pylit  in  Scotish  meter,  Edin.,  1603,  4to. 

"  Lady  Culros's  Dreame  was  long  popular  among  the  Scottish 
Presbyterians."— DR.  LEYDEN. 

Armstrong  states  in  his  Essays  that  he  recollected  having 
heard  it  sung  by  the  peasants  to  a  plaintive  air. 

Culverhouse,  C.     Bread  Laws,  Lon.,  1815,  8vo. 

Culverwell,  Ezekiel,  a  Puritan  divine.  Treatise 
of  Faith,  Lon.,  1629, 12mo.  A  Blessed  Estate,  1633, 12mo. 
Meditations,  1634,  12mo. 

Culverwell,  Nath.    Light  of  Nature,  &c.,  1652, 4to. 

Culy,  David.     Theolog.  works,  Boston,  1787,  12mo. 

Cumberland,  Earls  of.  See  CLIFFORD,  GEORGE, 
HENRY. 

Cumberland,  Denison,  Bishop  of  Clonfert,  Ire 
land,  1763;  of  Kilmore,  1772.  Serm.  on  Luke  xv.  10, 
1764,  4to ;  on  John  xvi.  2,  3,  1765,  4to. 

Cumberland,  George.  Anecdotes  of  the  Life  of 
Julio  Bonafoni;  with  a  cat.  of  his  Engravings,  Lon.^  1793, 
8vo.  Lewina,  &c.,  1793,  4to.  Hafod,  and  the  neigh 
bouring  scenes,  <fcc.,  1796,  8vo.  Orig.  Tales,  1810,  2  vols. 
Con.  to  Nic.  Jour.,  1807,  '10,  '11. 

Cumberland,  Richard,  1632-1718,  Fellow  of  Mag 
dalen  College,  Cambridge ;  Rector  of  Brampton  ;  presented 
to  the  living  of  All-hallows,  Stamford,  1667;  Bishop  of 
Peterborough,  1691.  1.  De  Legibus  Naturae  Disquisitio 
Philosophise,  <fcc.,  et  Elementorum  Philosophise  Hobbianse 
Refutatio,  Lon.,  1672,  fol.  Lub.  et  Francf.,  1683,  4to.  In 
English  by  J.  Maxwell,  Lon.,  1727,  4to.  Abridged  in 
English  by  T.  Tyrrell,  Lon.,  1692, 8vo.  Trans,  with  Notes 
by  Rev.  John  Towers,  Dubl.,  1750,  4to.  In  French  by 
Barbeyrac,  Amst.,  1744,  4to. 

"  Ce  livre  est  un  des  meilleurs  sur  le  droit  naturel,  quoique  un 
peu  abstrait." 

This  work,  like  most  others  upon  the  same  difficult  sub 
ject,  has  been  superseded  by  Rutherforth's  Institutes  of 
Natural  Law,  (Lon.,  1754-56,  2  vols.  8vo.) 

"  Which  we  think  decidedly  preferable  to  any  other  production 
on  that  topic,  with  which  we  are  acquainted."— Hoffman's  Legal 
Study,  112. 

2.  An  Essay  towards  the  Recovery  of  Jewish  Weights 
and  Measures,  1685,  8vo. 

"It  discovers  great  sagacity,  learning,  and  research.  The  sub 
ject  is  attended  with  many  difficulties,  which  the  bishop  of  Peter 
borough  combats,  perhaps  as  successfully  as  could  reasonably  bo 
expected.  The  work  was  attacked  by  Bernard  in  a  Latin  work  on 
the  same  subject,  published  two  years  after;  but  it  is  highly  spoken 
of  by  Le  Clerc."— ORME  :  Bibl.  Bib. 

"  A  good  treatise  on  the  subject."— BICKERSTETH  :  Chris.  Student, 

3.  Sanchoniatho's  Hist,  of  the  Phoenicians,  trans,  from 
Eusebius  de  Preparatione  Evangelica,  with  a  continuation 
of  it  by  Eratosthenes  Cyranseus,  his  Canon,  Ac.,  1720, 
8vo,  posth. 

"  A  curious  and  learned  work Perhaps  there  are  more  learn 
ing  and  labour  thrown  away  on  these  fragments,  than  their  im 
portance  deserves." — ORME,  ubi  supra. 


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4.  Origines  Gentium  Antiquissimae ;  or  Attempts  for 
discovering  the  time  of  the  first  planting  of  nations,  1724, 
8vo,  posth. 

"  Many  curious  and  obscure  particulars  are  embraced  in  this 
work.  They  are  very  similar  to  some  of  the  investigations  of 
Michaelis  and  Bochart,  and  are  pursued  with  similar  ingenuity 
and  diligence." — Ibid. 

"  See  especially  Tract  iv.,  Concerning  the  possibility  of  a  suffi 
cient  increase  of  men  from  the  three  sons  of  Noah,  to  a  number 
large  enough  to  found  all  the  nations  mentioned  in  the  oldest  cre 
dible  histories,"  &c.—ltfcCuUoch's  Lit.  of  Polit.  Economy,  253. 

The  pastoral  industry,  affectionate  zeal,  and  fervent 
piety  of  Bishop  Cumberland,  were  as  conspicuous  as  his 
learning  and  theological  acumen. 

Cumberland,  Richard,  1732-1811,  was  son  of  De- 
nison  Cumberland,  Bishop  of  Kilmore,  grandson  of  the 
celebrated  Dr.  Bentley,  and  great-grandson  of  the  Bishop 
of  Peterborough.  He  was  educated  at  Westminster  and 
Trinity  College,  Cambridge.  He  became  secretary  to  Lord 
Halifax,  and  in  1780  was  employed  on  a  secret  mission  to 
Spain  and  Portugal,  which  resulted  in  a  loss  of  credit  and 
money.  A  debt  of  £5000,  expended  by  him  for  the  pub 
lic  service,  was  disowned  by  the  ministry,  and  Cumberland 
was  obliged  to  part  with  his  patrimony,  and  retire  to  Tun- 
bridge  Wells,  where  he  devoted  himself  entirely  to  those 
literary  pursuits  which  had  been  a  source  of  recreation  in 
better  days.  We  notice  some  of  his  principal  productions. 
His  comedies  of  The  West  Indian,  The  Wheel  of  Fortune, 
The  Jew,  and  The  Fashionable  Lover,  were  most  favour 
ably  received,  and  possess  unquestionable  merit.  He  dis 
plays  a  higher  tone  of  morality  than  dramatic  literature  can 
always  claim,  and  Goldsmith  did  not  hesitate  to  style  him 

"  The  Terence  of  England,  the  mender  of  Hearts." 

His  novels,  Arundel,  Henry,  and  John  de  Lancaster, 
are  devoid  of  that  vivacity  and  sprightliness  which  con 
stitute  the  soul  of  fiction.  How  far  his  female  readers 
may  have  resented  a  characteristic  noticed  by  an  eminent 
authority,  we  shall  not  pretend  to  determine : 

"  He  had  a  peculiar  taste  in  love  affairs,  which  induced  him  to 
reverse  the  natural  and  useful  practice  of  courtship,  and  to  throw 
upon  the  softer  sex  the  task  of  wooing,  which  is  more  gracefully, 
as  well  as  naturally,  the  province  of  the  man."— SIR  WALTER  SCOTT. 

He  pub.  several  theological  tracts,  a  Version  of  Fifty  of 
the  Psalms  of  David,  The  Exodiad,  and  a  poem  entitled 
Calvary,  or  the  Death  of  Christ.  His  Anecdotes  of  Emi 
nent  Painters  in  Spain  during  the  16th  and  17th  centuries, 
abound  in  interesting  and  curious  information.  In  1785 
he  pub.  in  2  vols.  the  series  of  Essays  under  the  title  of 
The  Observer,  enlarged  in  1786,  pub.  in  5  vols.  in  1790, 
and  in  1803  incorporated  with  the  British  Classics. 

"  The  Observer,  though  the  sole  labour  of  an  individual,  is  yet 
rich  in  variety,  both  of  subject  and  manner ;  in  this  respect,  in 
deed,  as  well  as  in  literary  interest,  and  fertility  of  invention,  it 
may  be  classed  with  the  Spectator  and  Adventurer.  If  inferior  to 
the  latter  in  grandeur  of  fiction,  or  to  the  former  in  delicate  irony 
and  dramatic  unity  of  design,  it  is  wealthier  in  its  literary  fund 
than  either,  equally  moral  in  its  views,  and  as  abundant  in  the 
creation  of  incident.  I  consider  it,  therefore,  with  the  exception  of 
the  papers  just  mentioned,  as  superior,  in  its  powers  of  attraction, 
to  every  other  periodical  composition." — Dr.  Drake's  Essays,  vol.  v. 

His  last  work,  pub.  in  the  year  of  his  death,  is  entitled 
Retrospection,  a  Poem  in  Familiar  Verse.  The  work  by 
which  he  will  be  best  known  to  posterity  is  his  Memoirs, 
interspersed  with  Anecdotes  and  Characters  of  the  Most 
Distinguished  Persons  of  his  Time,  1806,  4to.  Supp., 
1807,  4to.  With  Illustrative  Notes,  edited  by  Henry 
Flanders,  [see  p.  602,  post,']  Phila.,  1856,  8vo. 

"  It  is  indeed  one  of  the  author's  most  pleasing  works,  and  con 
veys  a  very  accurate  idea  of  his  talents,  feelings,  and  character, 
with  many  powerful  sketches  of  the  age  which  has  passed  away." — 
SIR  WALTER  SCOTT. 

Cuming,  Patrick.     Serm.,  1746,  8vo ;  do.,  1760,  8vo. 

Cuming,  Ralph,  M.D.  Amanuensis  Med.  et  Chir., 
Lon.,  1806,  8vo. 

Cuming,  Wm.,  M.D.,  1714-1788,  of  Dorchester,  Eng 
land,  pub.  nothing  himself,  but  aided  in  Hutchin's  Hist, 
of  Dorset,  and  in  other  publications. 

Cumings,  Henry,  D.D.,  of  Billerica,  Mass.,  died 
1823.  Fourteen  Discourses,  pub.  separately,  178.3,  Ac. 

Cumming,  Alex.,  of  Boston,  Mass.,  died  1763.  Serm. 
preached  at  his  own  installation,  1761. 

"  It  is  a  specimen  of  his  talents,  and  of  his  regard  to  the  truths 
of  his  gospel."— Sewall's  Funl.  Serm. 

Cumming,  Alex.,  d.  1814.  Clock  and  Watch  Work, 
Lon.,  1766,  4to.  Gravitation,  Edin.,  1803,  4to.  Broad 
Wheels  of  Carriages,  1804,  4to. 

Cumming,  James.  Feltham's  Resolves,  with  an  ac 
count  of  the  author,  Lon.,  1806,  8vo. 

Cumming,  John,  D.D.,  b.  1810,  a  native  of  Aber- 
deenshire,  Scotland.  In  1832  he  became  minister  of  the 
Scotch  Church  in  Crown  Court,  Covent-Garden,  London. 
"He  has  distinguished  himself  as  a  popular  preacher,  an 


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acute  and  skilful  controversialist,  and  a  diligent  and  suc 
cessful  author."  Many  pages  might  be  quoted  in  commen 
dation  of  his  works,  although  they  have  not  escaped  severe 
criticism.  His  writings  are  so  numerous  that  a  mere 
enumeration  of  titles  demands  more  space  than  we  can 
well  afford.  1.  Church  of  Scotland.  2.  Apocalyptic 
Sketches.  3.  Lectures  on  the  Seven  Churches.  4.  Lect. 
on  Christ's  Miracles.  5.  Lect.  on  the  Parables.  6.  Lect. 
on  Daniel.  7.  The  Finger  of  God.  8.  Christ  our  Pass 
over.  9.  The  Comforter.  10.  A  Message  from  God.  11. 
The  Great  Sacrifice.  12.  Christ  receiving  Sinners.  13.  Is 
Christianity  from  God?  14.  Sab.  M.  Readings  on  Genesis. 
15.  On  Exodus.  16.  On  Leviticus.  17.  Benedictions.  18. 
Voices  of  the  Night.  19.  Of  the  Day.  20.  Of  the  Dead. 
21.  God  in  History.  22.  Infant  Salvation.  23.  The  Baptis 
mal  Font.  24.  Lectures  for  the  Times.  25.  Christian  Pa 
triotism.  26.  The  Communion-Table.  27.  Almost  Protestant, 
&c. :  4  Lectures.  28.  The  Church  before  the  Flood.  The 
following  numbers,  29  to  36  inclusive,  have  been  pub.  in  a  vol., 
under  the  title  of  Occasional  Discourses:  29.  Liberty.  30. 
Equality.  31.  Fraternity.  32.  The  Revolutionists.  33. 
The  True  Charter.  34.  The  True  Succession.  35.  Psalm 
for  the  Day;  Expos,  of  Ps.  xci.  36.  Thanksgiving;  Ex 
pos,  of  Ps.  ciii.  37.  Our  Father ;  a  Week's  Family  Prayers. 
38.  An  edit,  of  The  Pulpit  Psalm  Book ;  Church  of  Scot 
land.  39.  An  edit,  of  Fox's  Book  of  Martyrs.  40.  An 
edit,  of  Albert  Barnes's  Notes.  41.  Trans,  of  the  last 
French  edit,  of  Bonaventure's  Psalter  of  the  Blessed  Vir 
gin.  42.  Discussion  upon  Protestantism,  with  Daniel 
French,  Esq.,  held  at  Hammersmith  in  April  and  May, 
1839.  43.  The  Tent  and  the  Altar.  44.  Daily  Family 
Devotion,  4to.  Other  works. 

The  sale  of  Dr.  Cumming's  works  has  exceeded  that  of 
the  productions  of  any  other  theological  writer  of  the  day. 

"  The  Rev.  John  Cumming  is  now  the  great  pulpit  orator  of  Lon 
don,  as  Edward  Irving  was  some  twenty  years  since.  But  very 
different  is  the  doctor  from  that  strange,  wonderfully  eloquent, 
but  erratic  man.  There  could  not  by  possibility  be  a  greater  con 
trast.  The  one  all  fire,  enthusiasm,  and  semi-madness;  the  other 
a  man  of  chastened  energy  and  convincing  calmness.  The  one 
like  a  meteor,  flashing  across  the  troubled  sky,  and  then  vanish 
ing  suddenly  in  the  darkness ;  the  other  like  a  silver  star,  shining 
serenely,  and  illuminating  our  pathway  with  its  steady  ray." 

"  Often  have  we  heard  Dr.  Cumming,  but  never  without  having 
noticed  that  he  referred  either  to  the  Apocalyptic  mysteries  or  to 
Papacy.  These  are  his  two  great  topics.  ...  By  many  able  persons 
it  is  considered  that  Dr.  Cumming  is  mistaken  in  many  of  the  pre 
dictions  which  he  utters,  and  that  his  great  abilities  are  wasted 
on  mysteries  which,  after  all,  are  unfathomable  by  mortal  mind."— 
Pen-Pictures  of  Popular  English  Preachers,  ed.  1852, 13-28,  q.  v. 

"  Careful  research,  acute  argument,  brilliant  illustration,  graphic 
description,  and  eloquent  appeal,  all  unite  in  enriching  and  embel 
lishing  his  papers,  [Lectures  for  the  Times,]  alluring  the  most  indif 
ferent  to  read,  and  compelling  the  most  prejudiced  against  his 
views  to  pause  and  consider." — Edinburgh  Ecclesiastical  Journal. 

Cumming,  Preston.  Dictionary  of  Congregational 
Principles,  Boston,  1852,  12mo. 

Cumming,  R.  G.  Five  Tears'  Lion  Hunting  in 
South  Africa,  Lon.,  2  vols.  p.  8vo;  2d  ed.,  1850. 

"  It  is  difficult  to  lay  the  volumes  down  until  the  issue  of  each 
adventure,  as  they  rapidly  follow  one  another,  has  been  ascer 
tained." — Lon.  Quart.  Review. 

Cummings,  Abr.,  1755-1827.     Theolog.  treatises. 

Cummings,  George.     Sermon,  Lon.,  1713,  8vo. 

Cummings,  Jacob  A.,  1773-1820,  of  Boston,  pub. 
a  number  of  popular  educational  works. 

Cummings,  Maria,  an  American  authoress.  The 
Lamplighter,  Boston,  1854, 12mo.  So  great  is  the  popularity 
of  this  work,  that  40,000  copies  were  issued  within  eight 
weeks  from  its  first  publication,  and  seventy  thousand  in 
about  a  twelvemonth. 

"  There  is  to  us  a  charm  about  this  story  which  we  cannot  fully 
express.  .  .  .  We  thank  Miss  Cummings  heartily  for  the  pleasure 
she  has  given,  and  is  yet  to  give,  to  thousands  of  readers.  May 
her  present  success — deserved  alike  by  the  merits  of  her  book  and 
her  motive  in  writing  it — stimulate  her  to  further  and  to  more 
successful  exertions!" — Norton's  Lit.  Gazette. 

Mabel  Vaughan,  Bost.,  1857,  12mo. 

"It  is  a  charming  story,  to  which  the  character  of  'Rose'  gives 
the  same  interest  and  beauty  which  little  '  Gertrude'  and  the  old 
'Lamplighter'  gave  to  the  author's  first  production;  while,  con 
sidered  as  a  piece  of  literary  mechanism,  it  is  more  finished  and 
better  sustained.  The  interest  of  the  story  does  not  flag,  and  its 
arrangement  and  execution  are  far  in  advance  of  'The  Lamp 
lighter.'  " 

Cummings,  R.  T.     Church  of  Ireland,  12mo. 

Cummying,  Mrs.  Susannah.  Estelle,  Lon.,  1798, 
2  vols.  12mo.  Juvenile  Biography,  or  the  Lives  of  Little 
Children,  1801,  2  vols.  12mo. 

Cuninghame,  Alex.  Dissertatio  Medica  de  Epilep- 
sia,  Lugd.  Bat.,  1725,  4to. 

Cuninghame,  David.  Dissertatio  Medica  de  Dy- 
sentaria,  Tr.  ad  Rh.,  1725,  4to. 


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Cuiiinghame,  James.    Warnings,  Lon.,  1711,  8vo. 

Cuninghame,  Wm.  Evidences,  Lon.,  1804,  I2ino. 
Levi's  Diss.  on  Prophecies,  1810,  Svo.  Apostasy  of  the 
Church  of  Rome,  1818,  8vo.  Seals  and  Trumpets  of  the 
Apocalypse,  Ac.,  1813,  Svo;  4th  ed.,  1843,  Svo. 

"  Few  works  which  have  lately  appeared  on  the  Apocalypse  have 
higher  claims  to  the  character  of  research  and  ingenuity.  Many 
of  his  remarks  on  the  seals  and  trumpets  are  original  and  well 
supported." — ORME. 

"  A  soberly  written  and  truly  valuable  work."— T.  H.  HORNE. 

See  Lon.  Christian  Observer,  xiii.  163-180. 

"This  work  contains  much  valuable  instruction,  just  applica 
tion  and  true  exposition.  .  .  .  All  of  Mr.  C.'s  works  deserve  consi 
deration."— BICKEESTETH  :  see  Christian  Student  and  Guide  to  the 
Prophecies. 

This  learned  layman  has  pub.  several  other  valuable 
theological  works. 

"  Mr.  Cuninghame  deserves  well  of  every  friend  to  revelation 
for  his  zeal  and  perseverance  in  defending  its  evidence  and  illus 
trating  its  subjects."— ORME  :  Bibl.  Bib. 

Cnnn,  Samuel.     Mathemat.  works,  Lon.,  1714-45. 

Cunningham,  Alexander,  1654-1737  ?  a  native  of 
Ettrick,  Scotland,  was  British  Envoy  to  Venice,  1715-20. 
The  celebrated  criticisms  on  Horace,  pub.  in  1721,  2  vols. 
Svo,  and  some  remarks  on  Virgil,  pub.  1742,  have  been 
attributed  to  this  person,  but  there  seems  to  be  but  little 
doubt  that  the  annotations  in  question  are  to  be  ascribed 
to  another  Alexander  Cunningham,  who  died  at  the  Hague 
in  1730.  See  Chalmers's  Biog.  Diet,  and  Scots'  Mag.  for 
Oct.,  1804.  The  subject  of  this  article  wrote  The  History 
of  Great  Britain  from  1688  to  the  Accession  of  George  I. 
Trans,  from  the  Latin  into  English,  by  Rev.  Dr.  Wm.  Thom 
son,  and  pub.  by  Rev.  Dr.  Thos.  Hollingberry. 

"It  contains  many  curious  anecdotes  and  facts  not  to  be  found 
in  other  histories,  and  which  throw  new  light  on  several  important 
transactions  in  this  kingdom." 

Cunningham,  Allan,  1785-1842,  a  native  of  Black- 
wood,  near  Dalswinton,  Dumfriesshire,  Scotland,  was  the 
son  of  a  gardener.  He  was  apprenticed  to  his  uncle,  a 
country  mason,  but  feeling  dissatisfied  with  this  position, 
he  removed  in  1810  to  London,  where  he  became  connected 
with  the  newspaper  press.  In  1814  he  was  so  fortunate  as 
to  obtain  the  situation  of  Clerk  and  overseer  of  the  esta 
blishment  of  the  celebrated  sculptor,  Sir  Francis  Chantrey. 
This  association  was  only  dissolved  by  the  death  of  Sir 
Francis  in  November,  1841.  Cunningham  survived  his 
friend  and  patron  less  than  a  twelvemonth.  He  industriously 
devoted  his  leisure  time  to  those  literary  pursuits  for  which 
he  had  a  strong  natural  predilection,  and  obtained  an  ho 
nourable  position  among  the  celebrities  of  the  day.  Among 
his  earlier  compositions  were  many  of  the  pieces  in  Cromek's 
Remains  of  Nithsdale  and  Galloway  Song,  pub.  in  1810; 
q.  v.  In  1822  appeared  his  dramatic  poem  of  Sir  Marma- 
duke  Maxwell. 

"  Many  parts  of  the  poetry  are  eminently  beautiful.  .  .  .  The 
feult  which,  I  think,  attaches  to  Lord  Maxwell,  is  a  want  of  distinct 
precision  and  intelligibility  about  the  story,  which  counteracts, 
especially  with  ordinary  readers,  the  effect  of  beautiful  and  forcible 
diction,  poetical  imagery,  and  animated  description."— Sir  Walter 
ScoWs  Letters  to  the  Author. 

2.  Traditionary  Tales  of  the  Peasantry,  1822,  2  vols. 
3.  LordRoldan;  a  Romance,  3  vols.  4.  Sir  Michael  Scott; 
a  Romance,  3  vols.  5.  Paul  Jones ;  a  Romance,  3  vols. 

"  It  has  established  the  author's  character  as  one  of  the  most  dis 
tinguished  writers  in  the  province  of  fiction."— Lon.N.  Monthly  Mag. 

6.  The  Maid  of  Elwar;  a  Romance.  7.  Songs  of  Scot 
land,  Ancient  and  Modern,  with  an  Essay  and  Notes,  his 
torical  and  literary,  1825,  4  vols.  cr.  Svo. 

"'The  Ettrick  Shepherd  has  collected  not  a  few  of  those  things,' 
said  Scott, '  and  I  suppose  many  snatches  of  song  may  yet  be  found.' 
Cunningham:  '  I  have  gathered  many  such  things  myself,  Sir  Wal 
ter,  and  as  I  still  propose  to  make  a  collection  of  all  Scottish  songs 
of  poetic  merit,  I  shall  work  up  many  of  my  stray  verses  and  cu 
rious  anecdotes  in  the  notes.'  Scott :  '  I  am  glad  that  you  are  about 
such  a  thing ;  any  help  which  I  can  give  you,  you  may  command ; 
ask  me  any  questions,  no  matter  how  many,  I  shall  answer  them 
if  I  can.  Don't  be  timid  in  your  selection ;  our  ancestors  fought 
boldly,  spoke  boldly,  and  sang  boldly  too.'"  See  Cunningham's 
Recollections  of  Scott,  in  Lockhart's  Biography  of  Sir  Walter. 

8.  Lives  of  the  Most  Eminent  British  Painters,  Sculp 
tors,  and  Architects,  1829-33,  6  vols.  12mo.     In  Murray's 
Family  Library.     Perhaps  the  most  popular  of  Cunning 
ham  s  works. 

« The  critical  observations  profusely  scattered  through  these 
Biograph,es  will  render  them  useful  to  the  student,  while  the  per 
sonal  anecdotes  with  which  they  abound  make  them  equally  allur 
ing  to  the  ordinary  reader." 

9.  Biog.  and  Grit.  Hist,  of  the  Literature  of  the  last  Fifty 
Years;  pub.  in  the  London  Athenaeum  for  1833 ;  repub  in 
Paris,  Svo.     10.  The  Works  of  Robert  Burns,  with  a  New 
Life  and  Notes,  1834 ;  2d  edit.,  1835,  8  vols.  Svo.     This  edi 
tion  is  highly  commended.     11.  Biog.  and  Grit  Disserta 
tions   to  Major's    Cabinet   Gallery  of  Pictures,  1833-34, 
2  vols.  r.  Svo ;  73  beautiful  engravings. 


"A  magnificent  work,  and  a  treasury  of  instructive  criticism." 
— Dr.  Dibdiris  Reminiscences. 

Only  two  days  before  his  death  Cunningham  completed, 
12.  The  Life,  Journals,  and  Correspondence  of  his  friend 
Sir  David  Wilkie,  pub.  in  1843,  in  3  vols.  Svo.  Sir  Robert 
Peel  had  remarked, 

"  If  ever  Sir  David  Wilkie's  correspondence  shall  see  the  light, 
it  will,  I  am  confident,  serve  to  add  to  the  honour  in  which  he  is 
already  held,  from  the  devotion  which  is  manifest  to  his  art,  and 
the  generosity  which  it  testifies  towards  every  competitor." 

It  is  no  small  praise  conferred  by  a  London  journal  of 
high  authority,  that 

"  Mr.  Allan  Cunningham  has  done  justice  to  his  subject,  and 
produced  a  work  of  great  interest  and  utility." — Gentleman's  Mag. 

In  addition  to  the  works  noticed  above,  we  should  not 
omit  to  record  the  fact  that,  Mr.  Cunningham  was  a  contri 
butor  to  the  excellent  Conversation  Lexicon,  pub.  by  Blackie 
<fc  Son,  of  Edinburgh,  in  28  parts,  and  to  several  of  the 
periodicals  of  the  day.  In  1847  an  edit,  of  his  Poems  and 
Songs  was  pub.  by  his  son,  Mr.  Peter  Cunningham. 

"  The  works  of  the  most  tender  and  pathetic  of  the  Scottish  min 
strels,  in  a  cheap  and  elegant  form." — Blackwootfs  Mag. 

Many  interesting  particulars,  letters,  <fcc.  relative  to  our 
author  will  be  found  in  Lockhart's  Life  of  Sir  Walter  Scott, 
with  an  extract  from  which,  and  a  few  lines  from  a  distin 
guished  female  critic,  we  must  conclude  our  article: 

"  November  14. — We  breakfasted  at  honest  Allan  Cunningham's 
— honest  Allan — a  leal  and  true  Scotchman  of  the  old  cast.  A 
man  of  genius,  besides,  who  only  requires  the  tact  of  knowing 
when  and  where  to  stop,  to  attain  the  universal  praise  which  ought 
to  follow  it.  I  look  upon  the  alteration  of  'It's  hame  and  it's 
hame,'  and '  A  wet  sheet  and  a  flowing  sea,'  as  among  the  best  songs 
going.  His  prose  has  often  admirable  passages ;  but  he  is  obscure, 
and  overlays  his  meaning,  which  will  not  do  now-a-days,  when  he 
who  runs  must  read." — Sir  Walter  Scotfs  Diary. 

"  His  ballads  and  lyrical  pieces  are  exquisite  in  feeling,  chaste 
and  elegant  in  style,  graceful  in  expression,  and  natural  in  concep 
tion;  they  will  bear  the  strictest  and  most  critical  inspection  of 
those  who  consider  elaborate  flourish  to  be,  at  least,  the  second  re 
quisite  of  the  writers  of  song." — MRS.  HALL. 

Cunningham,  Francis.  Origen  against  Celsus, 
Camb.,  1812,  Svo.  Letter  to  Lord  Bexley,  1827,  Svo. 

Cunningham,  Francis.  Trans,  of  Gieseler's  Text- 
Book  of  Ecclesiastical  History,  Lon.,  1842,  3  vols.  Svo. 
See  DAVIDSON,  REV.  SAMUEL,  LL.D. 

"  I  prefer  Gieseler's  to  any  other  Church  history." — PROF.  STUART. 

Cunningham,  G.  Cheerful  Companion;  Songs, 
Catches,  and  Glees,  1797. 

Cunningham,  George  Godfrey.  Foreign  Tales 
and  Traditions,  Lon.,  2  vols.  12mo.  Editor  of  A  History  of 
England  in  the  Lives  of  Englishmen;  last  edit.,  1853, 8  vols. 
Svo,  Lon.  and  Edin.  This  excellent  work  is  beyond  all 
praise.  We  have  occasionally  been  indebted  to  its  learned 
and  attractive  pages,  as  the  reader  will  observe  by  the  re 
ferences  in  the  present  work.  We  should  dwell  longer  upon 
its  merits,  but  that  we  find  ready  for  our  purpose  the  fol 
lowing  eulogies  from  sources  of  a  higher  character  than 
we  can  claim : 

"  In  originality  and  excellence  of  plan,  this  work  is  entitled  to 
command  an  extensive  sale.  The  matter  for  copiousness  and  con 
densation,  and  the  style  for  clearness,  vigour,  and  impartiality,  are 
eminently  distinguished.  The  introductions  are  excellent,  and 
not  unworthy  of  our  very  best  constitutional  writers." — Lon. 
Monthly  Review. 

"  Embodying  the  history  of  England  in  the  lives  of  Englishmen, 
and  the  nearest  approach,  compatible  with  truth,  to  the  historical 
plays  of  Shakspeare,  and  the  historical  novels  of  Scott.  We  warmly 
recommend  the  work  as  a  mine  of  valuable  information  presented 
in  the  most  attractive  form." — Taifs  Edin.  Mag. 

Cunningham,  Isabella,  Countess  of  Glencairn.  A 
Letter  to  the  Rt.  Hon.  Spencer  Perceval,  Bristol,  1812,  4to. 

Cunningham,  J.  W.,  Vicar  of  Harrow.  World  with 
out  Souls,  Lon.,  1805, 12mo ;  many  edits.  Essay  on  Intro- 
due.  Christianity  in  India,  1808,  Svo.  The  Velvet  Cushion, 
1814,  Svo;  many  edits.  It  excited  much  controversy. 
Morning  Thoughts,  1825, 12mo.  De  Ranee;  a  Poem, Svo. 
Serms.,  3d  edit.,  1823,  2  vols.  Svo,  and  1824.  Lectures  on 
Jonah.  Other  works. 

Cunningham,  James.  Essay  upon  the  Inscription 
of  MacduflPs  Crosse  in  Fyfe.  By  I.  C.,  Edin.,  1678,  4to; 
also  attributed  to  James  Carmichael. 

"  A  learned  essay."— BISHOP  NICOLSON  :  Scot.  Hist.  Lib. 

In  Floridum  Asaphensem  Episcopum,  Scotorum  Reges, 
Regnum,  Ritus  sacros,  <fec.,  1685. 

A  writer  "who  slew  the  Bishop  of  St.  Asaph  in  verse." 
Vide  Bp.  Nicolson,  ubi  supra. 

Cunningham,  James.  Voyage  to  China,  Ac.;  in 
Phil.  Trans.,  1702;  and  in  Harris's  Voyages,  i.  852.  Con. 
to  Phil.  Trans.,  1700-03. 

Cunningham,  Major  James.  Brigade  of  Infantry 
1804,  4to.  The  Tactics  of  the  British  Army,  1804,  4to. 

Cunningham,  John,  1729-1773,  a  native  of  Dub 
lin,  an  actor,  gained  considerable  reputation  as  a  poet 


GUN 


CUR 


Love  in  a  Mist;  a  Farce,  Dubl.,  1747.  Elegy  on  a  Pile 
of  Kuins.  The  Contemplatist ;  a  Night  Piece,  1762,  4to. 
Fortune;  an  Apologue,  1765,  4to.  Poems,  chiefly  Pas 
toral,  Lon.,  1766,  8vo ;  Bdin.,  1781,  12mo. 

Cunningham,  John.  Copemican  System,  Lon., 
1789,  8vo. 

Cunningham,  Sir  John,  a  lawyer  and  antiquary, 
wrote  notes  on  that  part  of  Antonine's  Itinerary  which 
respects  Scotland.  See  Nicolson's  Scot.  Hist.  Lib. 

Cunningham,  Capt.  Joseph  D.  A  History  of  the 
Sikhs,  Lon.,  1849,  Svo. 

"  A  more  systematic  history  of  the  sect  called  Sikhs  than  we  had 
hitherto  obtained  from  the  many  interesting  sketches  which  have 
appeared  on  the  subject." — Lon.  Literary  Gazette. 

Cunningham,  Josh.   Eccles.  Courts  in  Ireland,  1834. 

Cunningham,  Josias.    Miscell.  Poems,  1764,  fol. 

Cunningham,  Lady  Margaret,  a  part  of  her  Life; 
edited  by  C.  K.  Sharpe,  Edin.,  1826.  4to.  Privately  printed. 

Cunningham,  Peter,  surgeon  R.  N.  Hints  for  Aus 
tralian  Emigrants,  Lon.,  1841,  p.  8vo.  Two  Years  in  New 
South  Wales,  1828,  2  vols.  p.  8vo. 

"  The  best  book  of  general  information  that  has  been  written  on 
that  interesting  country." — Lon.  Monthly  Mag. 

Essays  on  Electricity,  Lon.,  1834,  p.  8vo. 

Cunningham,  Peter,  b.  1816,  in  Pimlico,  eldest  son 
of  Allan  Cunningham,  (ante,)  and  a  son-in-law  of  John 
Martin,  the  painter,  became  a  junior-clerk  in  the  Audit- 
Office  in  1834,  and  a  chief-clerk  in  1854.  1.  The  Life  of 
Drummond  of  Hawthornden,  Lon.,  1835,  12mo.  2.  Songs 
of  England  and  Scotland,  1835, 2  vols.  12mo.  3.  Campbell's 
Spec,  of  the  Brit.  Poets,  <fec.,  1841,  r.  8vo.  4.  The  Hand- 
Book  for  Visitors  to  Westminster  Abbey,  1842,  fp.  8vo. 

"  A  very  complete  and  intelligent  guide." — Lon.  Spectator. 

5.  The  Life  of  Inigo  Jones,  1848.  6.  Hand-Book  of 
London,  1849,  2  vols.  p.  8vo ;  2d  ed.,  1850,  p.  8vo. 

"  The  extraordinary  research  displayed  by  the  author  gives  his 
work  a  literary  charm  which  is  a  novelty  in  a  dictionary." — 
Chambers' s  Edin.  Jour. 

7.  Modern  London,  1851,  fp.  8vo ;  3d  ed.,  1854,  fp.  8vo. 
"  It  is  one  of  the  excellencies  of  this  little  volume  that  wherever 

genius  has  left  a  footmark  Mr.  Cunningham's  sympathies  induce 
him  to  guide  us  to  the  track." — Lon.  Quar.  Rev.,  April,  1854. 

8.  The  Story  of  Nell  Gwynne,  Ac.,  1852,  p.  8vo.    9.  Pre 
fatory  Memoir  of  J.  M.  W.  Turner,  prefixed  to  John  Bur- 
net's  Turner  and  his  Works,  1852,  4to.     10.  The  Works 
of  Oliver  Goldsmith,  1854,  4  vols.  8vo. 

"  Mr.  Cunningham,  whose  scrupulous  exactness  is  generally 
known,  has  furnished' the  first  complete  and  accurate  reprint  of 
Goldsmith.  Numerous  errors  which  had  crept  into  previous  edi 
tions  are  corrected,  omitted  passages  are  restored,  and  entire  pieces 
have  been  added.  .  .  .  The  new  edition  of  the  works  of  Goldsmith 
forms  part  of  a  series  of  the  British  Classics  which  is  undoubtedly 
the  best  selected  and  edited,  the  cheapest  and  the  handsomest,  that 
has  ever  issued  from  the  press." — Lon.  Quar.  Rev.,  Oct.  1854. 

11.  Johnson's  Lives  of  the  Most  Eminent  English  Poets, 
<fcc.,  1854,  3  vols.  8vo.  An  excellent  edition.  12.  The  Works 
of  Alexander  Pope :  see  CROKER,  RT.  HON.  JOHN  WILSON, 
D.C.L.  13.  The  Letters  of  Horace  Walpole,  Earl  of  Orford, 
Ac.,  1857-58, 9  vols.  8vo :  see  Athen.,  1857,  '58.  Mr.  Cunning 
ham  has  contributed  a  number  of  articles  to  Eraser's  Mag,. 
Household  Words,  The  Athenaeum,  Ulust.  London  News,  <fcc. 

Cunningham,  Timothy.  Tithes,  4th  ed.,  Lon., 
1777,  8vo.  Bills  of  Exchange,  6th  ed.,  1778,  8vo.  Super 
seded.  Merchant's  Lawyer,  3d  ed.,  1768,  2  vols.  8vo.  Law 
Diet.,  3d  ed.,  1782,  '83, 2  vols.  4to.  A  useful  work  for  obso 
lete  words  in  charters,  <fec.,  Laws  resp.  Game,  1764,  12mo. 
Cases  in  K.  B.,  1766,  fol.  Pleadings  in  Actions,  1771,  4to. 
Customs,<fcc.,  3d  ed.,  1778,  8vo.  Inns  of  Court  and  Chancery, 
1780,  8vo,  and  1790.  Rights  of  Election,  1783,  2  vols.  8vo. 
Law  of  Simony,  1784,  8vo.  Laws  and  Constitution,  1763, 
8vo.  Lord  Ward's  Justices  of  the  Peace,  3  762,  2  vols.  8vo. 

Cunningham,  Wm.,  M.D.  Lecturer  in  1565  at  Sur 
geons'  Hall,  London.  The  Cosmographical  Glasse,  Lon., 
1559,  fol.  Almanack,  1566,  8vo  and  16mo.  Comment  on 
Hippocrates,  <fec. 

Cunningham,  Wm.,  D.D.  Veto  Act,  Edin.,  1840, 
8vo.  Speech,  1841. 

Cunninghame.  Explication  of  ThrisseFs  Banner. 
With  a  Plate  of  the  Banner,  1640,  4to. 

Cunninghame,  Wm.  Principles  of  the  Constitu 
tion  of  Governments,  with  Illustrations  from  the  Classics, 
Lon.,  1811,  4to;  1813,  8vo. 

Cunynghame,  Alex.     Sermon,  1770,  8vo. 

Cupper,  Wm.     Certaine  Sermons,  Lon.,  1592,  8vo. 

Curate,  Jacob.  Scotch  Presb.  Eloquence,  Lon., 
1692,  4to. 

Curling,  Thomas  B.,  Assist.  Surg.  to  the  London 
Hospital.  Diseases  of  the  Testis,  <fcc.,  Lon.,  1843,  8vo.  A 
Treatise  on  Tetanus,  1836,  8vo. 

"  The  best  monograph  extant  on  tetanus." — Annals  of  Med. 

Diseases  of  the  Rectum ;  2d  ed.,  8vo. 


Curll,  Edmund,  d.  1748,  a  London  bookseller,  is 
embalmed  in  the  bitter  herbs  of  the  Dunciad.  Curlism 
Displayed,  Lon.,  1712,  12mo.  Atterburyana,  1727,  12mo. 
Court  Secrets,  1727,  12mo.  The  unfortunate  bibliopole 
lost  his  ears  for  publishing  some  licentious  pieces.  If  the 
same  justice  were  now  meted  out  to  the  craft,  many  pri 
vateers  would  be  in  danger  of  capture. 

Curll,  Walter,  Bishop  of  Winchester.  Serm.,  Lon., 
1622,  4to;  repub.  in  1712,  8vo,  with  Some  Account  of 
Walter,  Bishop  of  Winchester,  Ac. 

Curr,  Edward.  Van  Diemen's  Land,  Lon.,  1820, 
12mo.  See  Articles  on  the  Australian  Colonies,  and  no 
tices  on  the  above  "  excellent  work"  in  the  Lon.  Quart, 
and  the  Westm.  Reviews. 

Curr,  John.  The  Practical  Coal  Viewer  and  Engine 
Builder's  Companion,  1797,  4to. 

Curran,  John  Philpot,  1750-1817,  an  eminent 
member  of  the  Irish  Bar  and  House  of  Commons,  was  a 
native  of  Newmarket,  near  Cork.  He  succeeded  Mr. 
Ponsonby  as  Master  of  the  Rolls,  and  retired  in  1814  on 
a  pension  of  £3000  per  annum.  "He  animated  every 
debate  with  all  his  powers.  He  was  copious,  splendid, 
full  of  wit,  and  life,  and  ardour."  Speeches,  Dubl.,  1805, 
8vo;  1808  ;  new  ed.,  with  a  Memoir,  1845,  8vo;  do.,  1847. 
Life  by  his  son,  W.  H.  Curran,  1819,  2  vols.  8vo.  Letters 
to  Rev.  H.  Weston,  1819,  8vo.  Memoirs  of,  by  Wm.  O'Re- 
gan,  1817,  8vo.  Recollections  of,  by  Charles  Phillips, 
1818,  8vo ;  4th  ed.,  1851,  8vo. 

"  Certainly  one  of  the  most  extraordinary  pieces  of  biography 
ever  produced.  Nothing  can  be  more  lively  and  picturesque  than 
its  representation  of  the  famous  original.  The  reader  can  hardly 
be  said  not  to  have  known  Curran  and  Curran's  contemporaries. 
It  has  been  justly  said  of  this  admirable  work  that  it  is  Boswell 
minus  Bozzy." — LOKD  BROUGHAM. 

The  Life  of  Curran,  by  his  Son,  (ut  *upra,}  was  repub- 
lished  in  New  York  in  1819,  and  again  in  1855,  edited  by 
Dr.  R.  Shelton  Mackenzie,  with  considerable  additions,  <fcc. 

Curray.     Collection  of  Sentences,  1732. 

Currey,  C.  The  Four  Gospels  exhibited  as  one  con 
tinued  Narrative,  Lon.,  1834,  4to. 

"An  unassuming  but  neatly  executed  volume." — T.  H.  HORNE, 

Currey,  George.  Hulsean  Lectures,  1851,  Camb., 
1851,  8vo. 

Currie,  James,  M.D.,  1756-1805,  a  native  of  Dum 
friesshire,  Scotland,  practised  medicine  at  Edinburgh  and 
Liverpool,  and  finally  settled  at  Bath  on  account  of  ill 
health.  Letter  to  Pitt,  commercial  and  political,  by  J. 
Wilson,  1793.  Water  in  Fever,  1797,  8vo;  5th  ed.,  1814, 
2  vols.  8vo.  Of  Tetanus ;  Med.  Mem.,  iii.  147.  Immer 
sion  in  Water;  Phil.  Trans.,  1792.  The  following  work 
was  generously  undertaken  for  the  benefit  of  the  poet's 
widow  and  children  :  The  Works  of  Robert  Burns,  with 
Life  and  Criticism,  Liverp.,  1800,  4  vols.  Svo;  again  in 
1814 ;  1820,  with  addit.  notes  by  Gilbert  Burns.  Dr.  Cur- 
rie's  Memoir  of  Burns  has  been  incorporated  with  later 
editions.  See  BURNS,  ROBERT. 

"  If  you  have  not  got  Currie's  edition  of  Burns,  you  will  thank 
me  for  telling  you  of  it." — SIR  JAMES  MACKINTOSH. 

"As  a  compact  and  regular  memoir,  the  work  is  a  failure.  .  .  , 
The  charm  lies  in  the  perfect  sincerity,  fine  sensibility,  and  easy 
style  of  the  whole  composition.  ...  It  was  a  labour  of  love  and 
of  charity. . .  The  good  and  generous  Currie." — ALLAN  CUNNINGHAM. 

Currie,  Wm.,  M.D.  Foxglove;  Mem.  Med.,  iv.  10, 
1795.  Insalubrity  of  Marshy  Situations;  Trans.  Amen. 
Soc.,  1799. 

Curry,  G.  G.,  M.  D.     Tetanus;  Med.  Trans.,  1813. 

Curry,  James,  M.  D.  Drowning,  1792,  8vo.  Mer 
cury,  1810,  8vo.  Causes  of  the  late  high  Price  of  Provi 
sions,  1815,  8vo. 

Curry,  John,  M.D.     Fevers,  1773;  Nature  of  ditto, 

1774.  Hist.  Review  of  the  Civil  Wars  of  Ireland,  Lon., 

1775,  4to,  anon. ;  2d  ed.,  with  name,  enlarged  and  edited 
by  C.  O'Conor,  1786,  2  vols.  8vo. 

"A  valuable  work  by  honest  Curry."— THOMAS  MOORE. 

Hist.  Mem.  of  the  Irish  Rebellion  in  1641. 

Curry,  Thomas,  and  W.  B.  Miller.  Reports  of 
Cases  in  S.  Court  of  Louisiana,  1830-41,  19  vols.,  New 
Orleans,  1831-41.  The  first  5  vols.  reported  by  Miller, 
the  remaining  14  by  Curry. 

Curry,  Otway,  of  Cincinnati.    Poems. 

Curry,  Wm.  Abridgt.  and  Cont,  of  Blackstone's 
Commentaries,  Lon.,  1796,  8vo ;  2d  ed.,  1809,  8vo. 

"  Ably  executed,  and  extremely  useful  for  revision." — Hoffman's 
Leg.  Stu. 

Curson,  Henry.  Lex  Customaria,  1696,  8vo.  Comp, 
of  Laws,  1699,  12mo.  Sciences  Illustrated,  1702,  8vo. 
Estates  Taile,  1703,  8vo.  Arcana  Clericalia,  1705,  8vo. 

Curson,  John.    Vindication  from  Aspersions. 

Curteis,  Thomas.     Essays  and  Sermons,  1704-3L 


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Cartels,  Thomas.     Serm.,  Maidstone,  1820,  8vo. 

Curteis,  W.  C.  Reports  Ecclesiastical  Courts,  1834 
-44,  Lon.,  1840-44,  3  vols.  8vo.  Case  of  Mastin  v.  Escott, 
1842,  8vo. 

Curties,  Marianne.  Classical  Pastime,  in  a  Set  of 
Poetical  Enigmas  on  the  Planets  and  Zodiacal  Signs, 
1813,  8vo. 

Curties,  T.  J.  Horseley.  Novels,  1801,  '02,  '04,  '05. 

Curtin,  Samuel,  M.D.  Observations  on  the  Yellow 
Fever  of  the  West  Indies;  Med.  Com.,  1785. 

Curtis.  Dissertation  on  the  Unreasonableness,  Folly, 
and  Danger  of  Infidelity,  Lon.,  1725,  8vo. 

Curtis,  Alva,  M.D.,  b.  1797,  in  New  Hampshire  ;  for 
twenty  years  editor  of  Physio-Medical  Recorder  in  Cin 
cinnati.  Medical  Discussions,  1833,  12mo.  Lectures  on 
Obstetrics,  1838,  8vo.  Lectures  on  the  Theory  and  Prac 
tice  of  Medicine,  1842,  8vo;  repub.  in  England,  1847. 
Medical  Criticisms ;  or,  A  Review  of  all  Systems,  1856. 

Curtis,  Mrs.  Anne,  sister  of  Mrs.  Siddons.  Poems 
on  Miscellaneous  Subjects,  Lon.,  1783,  12mo. 

"  Published,  we  presume,  for  the  sake  of  the  subscription. — which 
might  be  necessary  for  the  authoress.  The  public  is  very  frequently 
addressed  in  worse  poetry." — Lon.  Month.  Her.,  1783. 

Curtis,  Benjamin  R.,  b.  1809,  Watertown,  Mass., 
graduated  at  Harvard  University  in  1829 ;  studied  law 
under  Mr.  Justice  Story  in  the  same  institution;  practised 
in  Boston;  appointed  Associate  Justice  of  the  Supreme 
Court  of  the  United  States,  Sept.  1851;  resigned,  and 
returned  to  the  Bar,  1857.  1.  Reports  of  Cases  in  the 
Circuit  Courts  of  the  United  States,  Bost.,  1854 :  vols.  i., 
ii.,  1857. 

"  It  is  almost  superfluous  to  say  that  these  Reports  are  of  great 
Talue.  Next  to  the  leading  elementary  treatises,  and  the  reports 
of  decisions  in  his  own  State,  every  American  lawyer  most  needs  the 
reports  of  the  decisions  of  the  United  States  Supreme  Court  and  of 
the  several  associate  justices  thereof  in  their  respective  circuits." 

2.  Decisions  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  United  States, 
with  Notes  and  a  Digest,  comprising  the  Cases  reported  by 
Dallas,  4  vols. ;  Cranch,  9  vols. ;  Wheaton,  12  vols.;  Peters, 
16  vols.;  Howard,  17  vols. ;  Bost.,  22  vols.,  including  a 
Digest.  The  Old  Series  of  these  Reports  are  in  58  volumes, 
the  catalogue  price  of  which  is  $222.  This  edition  is  pub. 
at  $3  per  vol. 

"  This  work  contains  the  decisions  of  the  Supreme  Conrt  of  the 
United  States.  The  opinions  of  the  Court  are  in  all  cases  given  as 
they  have  been  printed  by  the  authorized  reporters,  after  correct- 
Ing  such  errors  of  the  press  or  of  citation  as  a  careful  examination 
of  the  text  has  disclosed. 

"I  have  endeavored  to  give  in  the  head-notes  the  substance  of 
each  decision.  They  are  designed  to  show  the  points  decided  by 
the  court,  not  the  dicta  or  reasonings  of  the  judges. 

"  The  statements  of  the  cases  have  been  made  as  brief  as  pos 
sible.  For  many  years,  it  has  been  the  habit  of  all  the  judges  of 
this  court  to  set  forth  in  their  opinions  the  facts  of  the  cases  as 
the  court  viewed  them  in  making  their  decisions.  Such  a  state 
ment,  when  complete,  renders  any  other  superfluous.  When  not 
found  complete,  I  have  not  attempted  to  restate  the  whole  case,  but 
have  supplied,  in  the  report,  such  facts  or  documents  as  seemed  to 
me  to  be  wanting. 

"  In  some  cases  turning  upon  questions  or  complicated  states 
of  fact,  and  not  involving  any  matter  of  law,  I  have  not  thought 
it  necessary  to  encumber  the  work  with  detailed  statements  of 
evidence  which  no  one  would  find  it  useful  to  recur  to.  These  in 
stances,  however,  are  few. 

"  To  each  case  is  appended  a  note  referring  to  all  subsequent 
decisions  in  which  the  case  in  the  text  has  been  mentioned.  It 
will  thus  be  easy  to  ascertain  whether  a  decision  has  been  over 
ruled,  doubted,  qualified,  explained,  or  affirmed,  and  to  see  what 
other  applications  have  been  made  of  the  same  or  analogous  prin 
ciples. 

"  The  paging  of  the  authorized  reporters  has  been  preserved  at 
the  head  of  each  case,  and  in  each  margin  of  each  page,  for  con 
venience  of  reference;  the  reporters  being  designated  by  their 
initials,— D.  for  Dallas,  C.  for  Cranch,  W.  for  Wheaton,  P.  for 
Peters,  H.  for  Howard." — Extract  from  the  Preface. 

"We  approve  the  plan  of  Mr.  Justice  Curtis's  'Decisions  of  the 
Supreme  Court  of  the  United  States,'  and  believe  that  its  execu 
tion  by  him  will  be  of  much  utility  to  the  legal  profession  and  to 
our  country. 

"ROGER  B.TANET,  Chief  Justice. 
"  PETER  V.  DANIEL,  Associate  Justice. 
"  JOHN  MCLEAN,  Associate  Justice. 
"  SAMUEL  NELSON,  Associate  Justice. 
"JAMES  M.  WATNE,  Associate  Justice. 
"ROBERT  C.  GRIER,  Associate  Justice. 
"JOHN  CATROS,  Associate  Justice. 
_.  "S.  A.  CAMPBH.L,  Associate  Justice." 

3.  A  Digest  of  the  Decisions  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  the 
United  States,  from  the  Origin  of  the  Court  to  the  Close  of 
the  December  Term,  1854,  8vo. 

Curtis,  Charles,  M.D.  Diseases  of  India,  Edin., 
1807,  8vo. 

Curtis,  Charles.  Answer  to  Dr.  Parr,  Lon.,  1792, 8vo 

Curtis,  George  Ticknor,  b.  1812,  at  Watertown! 

Mass.,  an  eminent  legal  writer  of  Boston.     1.  A  Digest  of 

Cases  adjudicated  in  the  Courts  of  Admiralty  in  the  U.S. 


and  in  the  H.C.  of  Admiralty  in  England,  Bost.,  1839,  8vo. 
2.  A  Digest  of  the  Decisions  of  the  Courts  of  Common  Law 
and  Admiralty  in  the  U.S. :  vol.  i.,  by  T.  Metcalf  and  J.  C. 
Perkins ;  vols.  ii.  and  iii.,  by  G.  T.  Curtis,  Bost.,  1840-46, 
3  vols.  8vo.  3.  A  Treatise  on  the  Rights  and  Duties  of 
Merchant  Seamen  according  to  the  General  Maritime  Law 
and  the  Statutes  of  the  U.S.,  Bost.,  1841,  8vo;  Lon.,  8vo. 

"  I  think  the  work  is  written  with  great  ability,  accuracy,  and 
learning,  and,  if  published,  it  will  constitute  by  far  the  most 
valuable  treatise  now  in  existence  on  this  highly-important  branch 
of  law,  and  will  be  worthy  of  extensive  public  patronage." — JOSEPH 
STORY. 

This  work  should  accompany  ABBOT  on  Shipping,  (q.  v. ) 

4.  The  American  Conveyancer,  Bost.,  1846,  12mo ;    new 
ed.,  1847. 

"  This  work  has  evidently  been  prepared  with  great  care." 

5.  A  Treatise  on  the  Law  of  Copyright,  &c.  as  adminis 
tered  in  Eng.  and  Amer.,  Bost.,  1847,  8vo;  Lon.,  r.  8vo. 

"  So  far  as  we  know,  there  is  in  our  language  no  work  upon 
literary  property  so  complete  and  satisfactory  as  this  treatise  by 
Mr.  Curtis." — W.  Amer.  Rev. 

"  A  full  and  lucid  exposition  of  the  law  as  it  is  upon  the  subject 
in  question." — Western  Law  Journal. 

6.  Treatise  on  the  Law  of  Patents  for  Useful  Inventions 
in  the  U.S.  of  America,  Bost,  1849,  8vo. 

"It  is  valuable  not  only  to  gentlemen  of  the  law,  but  to  the 
originators  and  proprietors  of  useful  inventions  generally." — Law 
Reporter. 

7.  Equity  Precedents  :     designed  as  a   Supplement  to 
illustrate  and  accompany  Mr.  Justice  Story's  Treatise  on 
Equity  Pleadings  :   vol.  i.,  ]850,  8vo. 

"  We  are  much  pleased  to  see  a  collection  of  really  useful  Equity 
precedents  collected  and  edited  in  the  very  excellent  manner  in 
which31r.  Curtis  has  prepared  this  book." — American  Law  Journal. 

8.  The  Inventor's    Manual  and  Guide   to  the  Patent- 
Office,  Boston,  12mo. 

"  This  is  an  important  work  for  ingenious  men,  showing  them, 
when  they  have  made  a  patentable  invention,  how  a  patent  is  to 
be  obtained  and  how  to  protect  it  from  infringement.  It  is  the 
design  of  the  book  to  explain  the  law  of  Patents  to  practical  men, 
and  to  give  full  directions  how  to  obtain,  renew,  or  extend  a  patent." 

9.  History  of  the  Origin,  Formation,  and  Adoption  of 
the  Constitution  of  the  U.  States,  with  Notices  of  its  Prin 
cipal  Framers,  New  York,  8vo :    vol.  i.,  pp.  500,  pub.  in 
1855 ;  vol.  ii.,  pp.  653, 1858.  In  the  preparation  of  this  work 
the  Hon.  Daniel  Webster  took  a  lively  interest,  and  almost 
with  his  dying  breath  urged  Mr.  Curtis  to  complete  what 
he  had  undertaken.     Mr.  Webster  at  one  time  designed  a 
work  of  this  character  himself. 

"You  have  a  future:  I  have  none.  You  are  writing  a  History 
of  the  Constitution.  You  will  write  that  work :  I  shall  not.  Go  on, 
by  all  means ;  and  you  shall  have  every  aid  that  I  can  give  you." 

These  words  were  spoken  by  Mr.  Webster  but  a  short 
time  before  his  death. 

See  a  review  of  vol.  i.  in  Norton's  Literary  Gazette, 
New  York,  Jan.  1,  1855. 

"  Mr.  Curtis  writes  with  vigour  and  dignity ;  and  his  work,  if  the 
second  volume  be  equal  to  the  first,  will  be  one  of  permanent  in 
terest." — Lon.  Athenseum. 

"In  fulness  and  explicitness  of  detail,  clearness  of  method,  im 
partiality  of  statement,  and  the  pervading  spirit  of  reverence  and 
love  for  the  Constitution  and  the  Union,  Mr.  Curtis  has  equalled 
the  highest  expectations  of  his  friends  and  the  demands  of  the 
theme.  His  history  must  take  its  place  among  the  standard  works 
in  its  department.  While  it  will  be  read  with  unflagging  interest, 
its  copious  index  fits  it  to  be  a  permanent  reference-book  as  to  the 
whole  ground  that  it  covers." — N.  Amer.  Rev.,  clxxx.,  July,  1858. 
(Review  of  vol.  ii.) 

10.  Commentaries  on   the   Jurisdiction,   Practice,  and 
Peculiar  Jurisprudence  of  the  Courts  of  the  United  States, 
Phila.,  2  vols.  8vo :  vol.  i.,  1854;  vol.  ii.,  1858. 

"Mr. Curtis's  Commentaries  is  a  work  of  much  value.  Indeed, 
it  could  not  fail  to  be  so,  coming  as  it  does  from  the  hands  of  one 
so  justly  eminent  in  the  Profession.  I  take  pleasure  in  recom 
mending  it, — although  my  recommendation  can  hardly  be  necessary 
to  attract  to  it  the  attention  of  the  Profession." — R.  B.  TANET. 

"  Mr.  Curtis's  book  will  be  of  much  service,  by  the  clear  arid 
luminous  exposition  it  contains  of  matters  interesting  not  merely 
to  the  lawyer,  but  also  to  the  statesman  and  the  patriot." — Law 
Reporter,  Nov.  1854. 

Curtis,  George  William,  born  in  1824,  at  Provi 
dence,  Rhode  Island,  has  attained  considerable  celebrity 
as  an  author.  1.  Nile  Notes  of  a  Howadji,  New  York, 
1851,  12mo,  Lon.,  1852. 

"  A  brilliant  book,  full  of  vivid  feeling  and  fancy."— LEIGH  HCN* 

"Of  such  a  land  what  new  thing  remains  for  prose-poet  to  sing 
or  word-painter  to  draw?  The  answer  is  this  little  book, — the 
unrhymed  poem — wild,  wilful,  fantastic,  but  very  beautiful — of  a 
wanderer  from  beyond  the  Atlantic,  who  has  brought  a  fresh  eye 
and  heart  to  see  the  wonders  of  Egypt  and  a  master-hand  to  re 
cord  them." — Lon.  Weekly  News. 

"We  heartily  congratulate  American  literature  on  this  addition 
to  the  list  in  which  Melville,  Ik  Marvel,  and  Dr.  Mayo  flourish." — 
New  York  Albion. 

"Our  Howadji  is  a  gentleman  of  exquisite  poetic  taste,  refined 
but  glowing  in  feeling  and  fancy,  polished  in  his  style,  and  alto 
gether  a  most  captivating  writer." 


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2.  The  Howadji  in  Syria,  New  York,  1852, 12mo;  Lon., 
1852.  3.  Lotus  Eating,  a  Summer  Book,  New  York,  1852, 
12mo;  Lon.,  1852. 

"  Brilliant,  sketchy,  and  here  and  there  philosophical Though 

at  times  a  little  too  highly  coloured,  yet  it  is  gracefully  written, 
and  will  add  to  the  fame  of  its  Howadji  author." — Norton's  Lite 
rary  Gazette. 

4.  The  Potiphar  Papers,  reprinted  from  Putnam's  (New 
York)  Monthly  Magazine,  with  Illustrations  by  Augustus  , 
Hoppin,  New  York,  1854,  12mo. 

"  To  readers  outside  the  pale  of  fashionable  frivolity  they  will  i 
be  recommended  by  their  gayety  of  humour  no  less  than  by  their  | 
sharp  satire.  As  specimens  of  polished  invective,  they  are  rivalled  ' 
by  the  productions  of  few  of  our  modern  Juvenals." — GEORGE  \ 
KIPLEY. 

5.  Prue  and  I,  N.  York,  1856,  12mo.      Rural  Essays, 
by  A.  J.  Downing,  edited  by  G.  W.  Curtis,  with  a  Memoir 
of  the  author.     See  DOWNING,  A.  J. 

Curtis,  Henry.  Beauties  of  the  Rose,  pub.  in  num 
bers,  Lon.,  1851,  &c.,  4to. 

"  Curtis's  Beauties  of  the  Rose  will  make  a  splendid  work." — 
Gardeners'  and  Land  Stewards' .Journal. 

Curtis,  Jas.     Travels  in  Barbary  in  1801,  Lon.,  1803. 

Curtis,  John.  British  Entomology,  Lon.,  1824-40, 
193  Nos.,  16  vols.  r.  8vo,  £43  16*.  New  issue  in  course 
of  publication. 

"  For  elegance  of  design,  accuracy  of  execution,  and  beauty  of 
drawing,  this  work  cannot  be  exceeded." — Wood's  Cat.  of  Insects. 

Curtis,  John  H.  Diseases  of  the  Ear,  Lon.,  8vo; 
5th  ed.,  1836. 

"  The  results  of  his  experience  appear  to  have  been  particularly 
favourable." — Lon.  Med.  and  Phys.  Journal. 

Present  State  of  Aural  Surgery. 

"  The  author  appears  well  versed  in  its  diseases." — Lon.  Lancet. 

Diseases  of  the  Eye,  2d  ed.,  1835,  8vo. 

"  Whoever  will  attend  to  the  sensible  advice  given  in  the  chap 
ter  on  sight  and  spectacles,  will  have  reason  to  thank  Mr.  Curtis 
for  an  unimpaired  eyesight  to  old  age." — Lon.  Med.  and  Phys.  Jour. 

Essay  on  the  Deaf  and  Dumb. 

"  Mr.  Curtis  is  entitled  to  the  best  thanks  of  the  public."— Lon. 
Lancet. 

Mr.  C.  has  pub.  other  valuable  works. 

Curtis,  R.     Treatise  on  the  Teeth,  Oxf.,  1769,  12mo. 

Curtis,  Richard,  Bishop  of  Chichester.  Sermons, 
1573,  '75,  '76.  Trans,  of  Cardinalis's  Treat,  on  Rom.  i.  20, 
&c.,  1577,  8vo. 

Curtis,  Lt.  Roger.  Particulars  of  the  Country  of 
Labradore.  See  Phil.  Trans.,  1774. 

Curtis,  Samuel.  A  Monograph  on  the  Genus  Ca 
mellia,  Lon.,  1822,  large  fol.  £3  3s.,  col'd,  £6  16s.  6d.  The 
plates  are  from  nature,  by  Clara  Maria  Pope.  In  conjunc 
tion  with  Sir  W.  J.  Hooker,  Mr.  Curtis  superintended  the 
New  Series  of  the  Botanical  Magazine. 

Curtis,  Thomas.  The  Existing  Monopoly,  Ac.  Aut. 
Vers.  of  the  Scriptures,  Lon.,  1833,  8vo.  See  Home's  In 
troduction  to  the  Scriptures. 

Curtis,  William,  1746-1799,  a  native  of  Alton, 
Hampshire,  had  botanical  gardens  successively  at  Ber- 
mondsey,  Lambeth,  Marsh,  and  Brompton.  1.  Collecting 
Insects,  &c.,  1771,  8vo.  2.  Fundamenta  Entomologise ; 
trans,  from  Linnaeus,  with  addits.,  Lon.,  1772, 4to.  3.  Flora 
Londinensis,  Lon.,  1774,  Ac.,  fol.,  revised  and  improved, 
by  George  Graves,  extended  and  continued  by  Sir  W.  J. 
Hooker,  Lon.,  1835,  5  vols.  r.  fol.,  (109  parts,)  647  plates. 
This  splendid  work,  pub.  at  £87  4s.,  has  been  offered  within 
the  last  few  years  for  £25  to  £30. 

"  This  is  to  the  present  hour,  the  only  extensive  work  on  the 
Indigenous  Botany  of  this  country,  which  gives  well-coloured  re 
presentations  of  the  plants  in  THEIR  FULL  NATURAL  SIZE  This 
important  work  is  now  brought  to  a  close,  and  may  justly  boast 
of  unrivalled  excellence,  undiminished  splendour,  and  unabated 
accuracy."— Lon.  Monthly  Review. 

The  three  grandest  Indigenous  Floras  ever  published 
are  The  Flora  Londinensis,  The  Flora  Danica,  and  Sib- 
thorp's  Flora  Graeca. 

4.  The  Brown  Tail  Moth,  1782,  4to.  5.  Cat.  of  Plants 
in  the  Lon.  Botan.  Garden,  1784,  12mo.  6.  Comp.  to  the 
Botan.  Mag.,  1788,  8vo.  7.  Lectures  on  Botany,  arranged 
by  Saml.  Curtis,  1803,  '04,  2  vols.  8vo.  8.  Practical  Ob 
servations  on  the  British  Grasses,  1790,  8vo ;  several  edits.. 
1812,  8vo. 

"A  very  useful  volume.  ...  No  subsequent  work  has  over 
done  the  merits  of  the  book  in  the  small  compass  it  contains. 
The  portraits  are  true  in  the  likeness  and  correct  in  the  execu 
tion." — Donaldson's  AgricuU.  Biog. 

Some  of  Mr.  C.'s  papers  will  be  found  in  Trans.  Linn. 
Soc.,  1791,  1802. 

To  him  we  are  indebted  for  the  origination  of  the  Bota 
nical  Magazine,  commenced  in  1787 ;  new  series,  edited 
by  Samuel  Curtis  and  Sir  W.  J.  Hooker.  Complete  sets  of 
this  work,  lacking  the  last  few  years,  which  can  be  readily 
supplied,  can  be  had  in  London.  The  volumes  from  1787 


to  1842,  containing  nearly  4000  plates,  accurately  drawn 
and  coloured  after  nature,  subscription-price  upwards  of 
one  hundred  guineas,  can  be  purchased  for  £35  to  £45,  ac 
cording  to  binding  and  condition. 

Curtis,  Wm.   Observ.  on  the  New  Corn  Bill,  1804, 8vo. 

Curtiss,  N.  M.,  author  of  Byron  Blonday,  Haunted 
Chief,  Prairie- Guide,  Maid  of  Saranac,  and  numerous  other 
novelettes. 

Curtois,  John.     Serms.,  1684,  '85.     Essay,  1679. 

Curwen,  B.  Proceed,  against  Sir  F.  Burdett,  1810, 8vo. 

Curwen,  John  C.,  M.P.  Speeches,  1797,  1809, 
Hints  on  Feeding  Stock  and  Bettering  the  Condition  of 
the  Poor,  Lon.,  1809,  8vo. 

Observations  on  the  State  of  Ireland,  principally  directed 
to  its  Agriculture  and  Rural  Population,  Lon.,  1818,  2 
vols.  8vo. 

"  The  reflections  of  a  man  of  good  sense,  good  feelings,  liberal 
sentiments,  and  comprehensive  views." — Lon.  Monthly  Review. 

Curzon,  Fre.  Lays  and  Legends  of  the  West,  Lon., 
1846,  12mo. 

Curzon,  Hon.  Robert,  Jr.  Visits  to  the  Monaste 
ries  of  the  Levant,  Lon.,  1849,  p.  8vo,  with  20  wood-cuts. 

"  We  hazard  little  in  prophesying  that  Mr.  Curzon's  work  will 
be  more  popular  than  any  other  recent  set  of  Oriental  descriptions, 
except  Mr.  Kinglake's." — Lon.  Quart.  Review,  Ixxxiv.  461,  et  v.  Ixxvii. 
52,  et  Dibdin's  Literary  Reminiscences,  941. 

"  Most  agreeable  writing,  replete  with  information  on  most  inte 
resting  points.'' — Lon.  Times. 

"  Unusually  picturesque  and  lively."— Lon.  Athenaum. 

Cushing,  Mrs.,  a  sister  of  Mrs.  HARRIET  V.  CHENEY, 
(q.  v.,)  now  (1855)  resides  at  Montreal,  Canada,  and  edits 
The  Literary  Garland.  She  has  pub.  several  juvenile 
works  and  some  poems.  Esther,  a  Dramatic  Poem,  is  com 
mended  by  Mrs.  Hale  as  "a  work  of  deep  interest."  The 
Sunday  School,  or  Village  Sketches,  is  the  joint  produc 
tion  of  the  sisters,  now  Mrs.  Cushing  and  Mrs.  Cheney. 
The  Coquette,  or  the  History  of  Eliza  Wharton,  written 
by  the  mother  of  these  ladies,  (Mrs.  Hannah  Foster,)  and 
previously  noticed  by  us  as  one  of  the  earliest  American 
novels,  was  republished  in  1855.  See  FOSTER,  HANNAH. 

Cushing,  Abel.  Historical  Letters  on  the  First 
Charter  of  Massachusetts  Government,  Bost.,  1839, 18mo. 

Cushing,  Hon.  Caleb,  b.  1800,  at  Salisbury,  Mass., 
graduated  at  Harvard  College  at  the  age  of  17;  tutor 
at  Harvard  Coll.,  1819-21.  He  was  a  general  in  the  late 
Mexican  War,  has  occupied  several  public  posts  in  his  na 
tive  State,  and  been  Representative  in  Congress,  Attorney- 
General  of  U.  States,  <fec.  History  and  Present  State  of  the 
Town  of  Newburyport,  Mass.,  Newburyport,  1826,  12mo. 

"  Valuable,  not  for  its  local  information  only,  but  for  its  gene 
ral  relation  to  the  history  of  Massachusetts."— Nort h  American 
Review,  xxiv.  252. 

Review  of  the  Late  Revolution  in  France,  1833,  12mo. 
Reminiscences  of  Spain,  N.  York,  1833,  12mo. 

"  A  work  which  will  be  read  with  great  pleasure,  and  which 
holds  out  a  high  promise  of  future  excellence.  The  best  parts  are, 
we  think,  the  descriptions  of  places  and  persons :  the  least  suc 
cessful  are  the  poems,  which  are  yet  not  without  considerable 
merit.  They  are  mostly  translations  from  the  Spanish,  and  exhi 
bit  in  some  instances  a  remarkable  facility  of  versification.  The 
tales  are  very  interesting." — ALEXANDER  H.  EVERETT  :  N.  Amer. 
Rev.,  xxxvii.  84-104. 

Growth  and  Territorial  Progress  of  the  U.  States,  Spring 
field,  1839,  8vo.  Life  and  Public  Services  of  Wm.  Henry 
Harrison,  Bost.,  1840,  18mo. 

Cushing,  Mrs.  Caleb.  Letters  Descriptive  of  Public 
Monuments,  Scenery,  and  Manners  in  France  and  Spain ; 
printed  for  private  distribution,  Newburyport,  1832,  2  vols. 
12mo.  Mrs.  Cushing  accompanied  her  husband  (v.  ante) 
to  Europe,  and  the  volumes  above  noticed  contain  letters 
to  her  friends  whilst  absent.  See  rery  interesting  extracts 
in  the  N.  Amer.  Rev.,  xxxrii.  104-117,  (by  Alex.  H.  Everett.) 

"  This  accomplished  lady,  as  is  sufficiently  evident  from  these 
volumes,  was  equally  well  fitted  to  shine  in  the  higher  sphere  of 
letters,  and  to  grace  the  private  walks  of  social  and  domestic  life/' 
;  Cushing,  Jacob,  D.D.,  of  Waltham,  Massachusetts, 
died  1809,  aged  78.  Serms.,  1766,  '71,  '72,  '78,  '93,  '96. 

Cushiug,  John.     The  Exotic  Gardener,  1812,  8vo. 

Cnshing,  Luther  Stearns,  1803-1855,  Worcester 
co.,  Mass.,  a  distinguished  Law  Writer  and  Judge.  Treatise 
on  the  Trustee  Process,  or  Foreign  Attachment,  8vo,  1833. 
Insolvent  Laws  of  Mass.,  12mo,  1839.  Supp.  to  Revised 
Statutes  of  Mass.,  8vo,  1854.  Reports  of  Controverted 
Election  in  Mass.,  8vo,  1852.  Proceedings  and  Debates  in 
the  House  of  Rep.  previous  to  the  election  of  Speaker  in 
Jan.  1843,  8vo.  Pothier  on  Contracts,  translated  by  Cush 
ing,  8vo,  1839.  Civil  Laws  in  their  natural  order,  by 
Domat,  edited  by  Cushing,  2  vols.  8vo,  1850.  Rules  of 
Proceedings  and  Debates  in  Deliberative  Assemblies, 
18mo,  1854. 

"  This  is  the  standard  text-book  for  Legislative  Bodies  of  the  U.  5." 


cus 


DAB 


C.  J.  A.  Mittermaier  on  the  Effect  of  Drunkenness  on 
Criminal  Responsibility,  from  the  German,  by  Gushing, 
8vo,  1841.  Savigny's  Analysis  of  the  Law  of  Possession, 
from  the  French,  by  Gushing,  8vo,  1838.  A.  C.  Renouard's 
Theory  of  the  Rights  of  Authors,  from  the  French,  8vo, 
1839.  Remedial  Law,  8vo,  1837.  Introd.  to  the  Study  of 
Roman  Law,  12mo,  1854.  Rep.  of  the  Supreme  Judicial 
Court  of  Mass,  from  1848,  8  vols.  Law  and  Practice  of 
Legislative  Assemblies  in  U.  S.,  1855.  One  of  the  leading 
editors  of  the  later  vols.  of  the  Jurist  and  Law  Magazine. 

"  The  accurate  translation  of  Pothier  on  the  Contract  of  Sale  by 
so  good  a  writer  as  Mr.  Gushing,  is  a  valuable  service  alike  to  the 
profession  and  general  reader." — N.  Amer.  fiev.,  xlviii.  553. 

"  Considering  the  age  and  circumstances  in  which  it  was  written, 
it  is  a  truly  wonderful  performance.  His  method  is  excellent,  and 
his  matter  clear,  exact,  and  comprehensive." — JUDGE  STORY  :  Pref. 
to  Bailments. 

Cushman,  Robert,  died  1626.  The  Sin  and  Dan 
ger  of  Self-Love,  Lon.,  1622;  Boston,  1724;  Plymouth, 
with  memoir  of  Cushman,  by  John  Davis,  1785.  See  an 
account  of  this  energetic  layman  in  Belknap's  Amer.  Biog., 
et  v.  N.  A.  Review. 

distance,  George.  View  of  the  Constitution  of 
England,  1808,  8vo ;  3d  ed.,  1815.  Drawn  from  Black- 
stone,  Christian,  De  Lolme,  and  others.  Reformation  and 
Fund.  Doctrines  of  the  Ch.  of  England,  1813,  8vo. 

Cut  bush,  James.  Treatise  on  Pyrotechny,  Phila., 
1825,  8vo. 

Cuthbert,  died  about  678,  a  disciple  of  Bede,  wrote  a 
letter  to  Cuthwine,  giving  an  account  of  the  death  of  their 
master.  This  letter  will  be  found  in  Bede's  works,  Ac. : 
see  Wright's  Biog.  Brit.  Lit 

Cuthbert  of  Canterbury,  died  758,  succeeded  Not- 
helm  in  the  see  of  Canterbury,  about  740.  He  wrote  some 
metrical  compositions,  which  are  not  considered  as  indica 
tive  of  remarkable  poetical  genius. —  Ubi  supra. 

Cuthbert,  R.  Theory  of  Tides,  Quebec,  Lon.,1811,8vo. 

Cuthbertson,  John.  Electricity  and  Galvanism, 
Lon.,  1807,  8vo.  Other  works,  and  con.  to  Nic.  Jour., 
1798-1810. 

Cuthbertson,  Jona.     Distance-Measure,  1792,  8vo. 

Cutler,  Benjamin  Clarke,  D.D.,  b.  at  Roxbury, 
Mass.,  graduated  at  Brown  Univ.,  1822 ;  received  the  de 
gree  of  D.D.  from  Columbia  College,  N.  York,  1836 ;  was 
called  to  the  Rectorship  of  St.  Anne's  Church,  Brooklyn, 
1833,  and  still  continues  rector,  (1858.)  1.  Century  Sermon, 
Christ  Church,  Quincy,  Mass.,  1826.  2.  Sermon,  N.  York 
City  Mission,  1832.  3.  Thanksgiving  Sermon,  1835.  4. 
Sermon  on  National  Independence,  1840.  5.  Sermon  on 
the  death  of  Albert  W.  Duy,  1846.  6.  Sermon  on  the 
death  of  Rev.  F.  C.  Clements,  1853.  7.  Parochial  Ser 
mons,  21  in  number,  Phila.,  1857,  12mo.  Other  sermons, 
discourses,  tracts,  Ac. 

Cutler,  Rev.  Manasseh,  died  1823,  aged  80.  Cen 
tury  Discourse,  1815.  American  Plants,  in  Mem.  Amer. 
Acad. 

Cutler,  Nath.  Coasting  Pilot,  Lon.,  1728,  fol.  This 
composes  the  second  part  of  the  Atlantis  Maritimi. 

Cutler,  Thomas,  M.D.  Surgeon's  Practical  Guide 
in  Bandages,  Lon.,  1836,  f.  8vo. 

«  This  appears  to  be  a  valuable  little  treatise."— Lon.  Med.  Gaz. 

Popular  Surgery  from  the  French  of  Mayor,  with  addits., 
1846,  12mo. 

Cutler,  Timothy,  D.D.,  1683-1765,  Pros,  of  Yale 


i  College,  1719-22,  a  man  of  profound  learning.  Sermons, 
!  1717,  '57.  See  Holmes's  Life  of  Stiles,  387,  and  Annals, 
ii.  143. 

Cutlore,  Joseph.  Serin,  about  Swearing;  on  Exod. 
xx.  7,  1682,  4to.  An  excellent  subject.  The  profane 
swearer  should  be  driven  out  of  the  society  of  honest  men. 
Serm.  on  Rom.  xii.  10,  1682,  4to. 

Cutspear,  W.     Dramatic  Rights,  Lon.,  1802,  8vo. 

Cutter,  C.,  M.D.,  a  popular  lecturer  on  Physiology. 
First  Lessons  in  Anatomy,  <fec.,  N.  York,  12mo.  Anatomy, 
Physiology,  and  Hygiene,  12mo.  Anatomical  Plates  (10) 
for  schools. 

Cutter,  Capt.  George  W.  Buena  Vista,  and  other 
Poems,  Cincinnati,  1848, 12mo.  Song  of  Steam,  and  other 
Poems,  with  a  Portrait,  Cincinnati,  12mo.  Poems,  Na 
tional  and  Patriotic,  Phila.,  1857,  8vo. 

"  The  finest  of  his  compositions  is  The  Song  of  Steam,  which  is 
worthy  of  the  praise  it  has  received,  of  being  one  of  the  best  lyrics 
of  the  century.  The  Song  of  Lightning,  written  more  recently,  is 
perhaps  next  to  it  in  merit." — Griswold's  Poets  and  Poetry  of  Ame 
rica,  q.  v. 

Cutter,  Wm.,  b.  1801,  in  Maine,  graduated  at  Bow- 
doin  Coll.,  1821,  historian  and  poet.  Life  of  Putnam ;  of 
La  Fayette.  Anonymous  author  of  some  12  vols.  Con 
tributor  of  poetry  and  miscellaneous  matter  to  various 
leading  journals. 

Cutting,  John  H.,  M.D.  Con.  to  Med.  Chir.  Trans., 
1811. 

Cutts,  Rev.  Edward  L.  A  Manual  for  the  study 
of  the  Sepulchral  Slabs  and  Crosses  of  the  Middle  Ages, 
Lon.,  1849,  8vo. 

Cutts,  Lord  John,  died  1707,  was  a  distinguished 
officer  in  the  wars  of  William  III.  Addison,  in  a  Latin 
poem,  applauds  the  bravery  of  Lord  Cutts  at  the  siege  of 
Buda,  1686.  His  lordship  was  author  of  a  Poem  on  the 
Death  of  Queen  Mary,  and  Poet.  Exercises,  Lon.,  1687,  8vo. 

Cutts,  John.  Rebellion  Defeated,  or  the  Fall  of  Des 
mond;  a  Tragedy,  1745,  4to;  Reed,  7925,  £2  12s.  6d. 

Cutwode,  T.  Caltha  Poetarum,  or  the  Bumble  Bee, 
Lon.,  1599,  sin.  8vo.  ' 

"  Stay'd  at  the  press,  by  order  of  the  Abp.  of  Canterbury  and 
Bp.  of  London,  and  such  copys  as  could  be  found,  or  were  already 
taken,  were  to  '  bee  presentlye  broughte  to  the  Bp.  of  London  to 
be  burnte,'  and '  noe  satyres  or  epigrams  [to]  be  printed  hereafter.' " 
See  Steevens,  Sale  1040. 

This  rare  piece  was  reprinted  in  1815,  4to,  by  Richard 
Heber,  Esq.,  for  the  Roxburghe  Club,  32  copies  taken. 
Sir  M.  M.  Sykes,  1618,  £2  3*.;  Boswell,  3026,  £4;  Dent, 
pt.  2,  1193,  £2.  See  Dibdin's  Literary  Reminiscences  j 
Lowndes's  Bibl.  Manual. 

Cuyler,  Rev.  C.  C.  The  Signs  of  the  Times,  Phila., 
12mo. 

Cuyler,  Rev.  Theodore  Ledyard,  born  1822,  in 
New  York.  Stray  Arrows,  New  York,  18mo.  Contributor 
to  several  periodicals. 

Cynewulf,  Kenulf,  Kenulfus,  or  Chenulfus, 
who  died  1008,  was  made  Abbot  of  Peterborough  about 
992,  according  to  Hugo  Candidus,  the  historian  of  Peter 
borough.  He  is  supposed  to  have  been  the  author  of  some 
religious  poems  in  the  collection  of  Anglo-Saxon  poems 
in  the  Exeter  and  Vercelli  MSS.  Mr.  Kemble  discovered 
the  name  concealed  under  a  playful  device.  Whether  Mr. 
Kemble's  Cynewulf  be  the  Abbot  of  Peterborough  or  not, 
is  a  question  involved  in  some  obscurity. 


D. 


Dabney,  J.  P.  Annotations  on  the  Bible,  New  York, 
12mo.  An  edit  of  The  New  Testament,  by  William  Tyn- 
dale,  the  Martyr,  Andover  and  New  York,  1837,  8vo. 

"The  Anglo-American  edition  is  edited  with  much  industry  and 
taste  by  the  Rev.  J.  P.  Dabney.  It  contains  first  a  reprint  of  the 
London  edition  just  noticed,  [pub.  in  1836;]  secondly,  the  essential 
variations  of  Coverdale's,  Matthew's,  Cranmer's,  the  Genevan,  and 
Bishops  Bibles  as  marginal  readings,  thus  presenting  a  complete 
variorum  edition  of  the  vernacular  versions  ;  and  thirdly,  a  pre 
face,  and  an  interesting  memoir  of  the  martyr  Tindale,  recast  from 
the  memoir  compiled  by  the  London  editor,  a  list  of  Tyndale's 
writings,  an  account  of  the  early  vernacular  versions,  select  colla 
tions  of  the  first  and  second  editions  of  Tyndale,  and  a  tabular  list 


. 

Dabney,  Richard,  a  poet  and  scholar,  born  in  Louisa 
county,  Virginia,  about  1786,  of  an  ancient  family,  "known 
in  early  times  in  England  by  the  name  of  Daubeney,  and 
in  France  by  that  of  D'Aubigne".  Richard  was  nearly 


grown  before  his  classical  education  began,  but  he  made 
very  rapid  proficiency,  and  attained  a  rare  familiarity  with 
the  best  Latin  and  Greek  authors,  as  well  as  with  Italian 
and  English  literature.  At  the  burning  of  the  Richmond 
Theatre  in  1811,  when  70  persons  perished,  he  escaped 
barely  with  his  life,  suffering  from  burns  and  bruises,  which 
permanently  shattered  his  constitution.  In  1812  he  pub 
lished  a  small  volume  of  Poems  and  Translations,  of  which 
a  second  edition  much  improved  appeared  in  1815,  pub 
lished  by  Mathew  Carey,  bookseller  and  publisher,  of 
Philadelphia..  The  translations,  some  of  them  spirited 
and  elegant,  were  from  the  Greek  of  Alcaeus,  Euripides, 
Sappho,  Tyrtaeus,  and  several  minor  poets  in  Dalzell's  Col 
lectanea  Grseca,  the  Latin  of  Martial  and  Seneca,  and  the 
Italian  of  Petrarch,  Carlo  Fugoni,  and  others.  He  early 
fell  into  habits  of  intemperance,  which,  co-operating  with 
his  injuries  received  at  the  burning  theatre,  made  him 


BAB 

suffer  in  1825  a  death  of  great  bodily  pain,  embittered  by 
disappointment,  and  the  consciousness  of  uncommon  powers 
almost  uselessly  spent." 

Daborne,  Robert.  A  Christian  turn'd  Turke;  a 
Tragedy,  Lon.,  1612,  4to.  The  Poor  Man's  Comfort;  a 
Tragi-Comedy,  1655,  4to.  Serm.  on  Zach.  xi.  7, 1618,  8vo. 

Da  Costa,  Emanuel  Mendez,  foreign  secretary  to 
the  Royal  Society,  d.  about  1788.  Nat.  Hist,  of  Fossils, 
Lon.,  1757,  4to.  Trans,  of  Cronstedt's  Mineralogy,  1770, 
8vo.  Conchology,  1776,  8vo.  Hist.  Nat.  Testaceorum 
Britannise;  in  Eng.  and  French,  1778,  4to.  Con.  to  Phil. 
Trans,  on  Fossils,  Ac.,  1747,  '53,  '57,  '59,  '62. 

"  A  Gentleman  well  skilled  in  Philosophical  learning  and  Natu 
ral  Knowledge,  particularly  in  what  relates  to  the  Mineral  and 
Fossil  Parts  of  the  Creation;  one  exceedingly  diligent  in  his  En 
quiries:  and  who,  by  applying  himself  with  great  assiduity  to  the 
study  of  Natural  History,  is  likely  to  be  a  useful  Member  of  the 
Royal  Society,  and  a  zealous  Promoter  of  Natural  Knowledge,  for 
the  advancement  of  which  the  same  was  founded." 

Thus  complimentary  was  the  certificate  recommending 
Da  Costa  to  a  membership  of  the  Royal  Society.  It  was 
signed  by  the  Duke  of  Montagu,  Martin  Folkes,  Bryan 
Fairfax,  Henry  Baker,  Dr.  James  Parsons,  Peter  Collinson, 
and  James  Theobald.  Much  interesting  matter  relative  to 
Da  Costa  will  be  found  in  Nichols's  Literary  Anecdotes, 
and  an  account  of  his  family,  compiled  from  his  own  notes, 
may  be  seen  in  Gent.  Mag.,  Ixxxiii.  21. 

Da  Costa,  J.  Fr.,  Eng.,  and  Span.  Grammar,  Lon., 
1752,  8vo.  Alexandri  Pope  de  Homine,  Jacobi  Thomson 
etThomse  Gray,  Selecta  Carmina  ex  Britannica,  in  Latinam 
Linguam  translata,  Padoua,  1776,  4to. 

Da  Costa,  J.,  M.D.  Trans,  from  the  German  of  K61- 
liker's  Anatomy  of  the  Human  Body,  Phila.,  1855,  8vo. 

Dacre,  Lady,  has  acquired  considerable  celebrity  as 
a  novelist.  The  Recollections  of  a  Chaperon,  Lon.,  1833, 
3  vols.  p.  8vo.  In  1834  appeared  Trevelyan,  3  vols.  p.  8vo. 
This  novel,  pub.  anonymously,  was  ascribed  both  to  Lady 
Scott  and  Lady  Dacre,  and  declared  superior  to  any  pro 
duction  of  a  female  pen  since  the  publication  of  Miss 
Edgeworth's  Vivian.  Peerage  and  Peasantry,  3  vols.  p.  8vo. 

"  We  are  very  anxious  to  recommend  these  tales  to  our  readers ; 
and  the  best  proof  of  the  opinion  we  have  formed  of  them  is  to  be 
found  in  this,  that,  with  this  anxiety,  we  have  coupled  them  with 
the  Tales  of  Woman's  Trials  [by  Mrs.  S.  C.  Hall.]  They  will  not 
lose— perhaps  they  may  gain  by  the  comparison." — Dublin  Univ. 
Meg.,  Til.  213. 

Dacre,  Rev.  B.  Testimonies  in  favour  of  Salt  as  a 
Manure,  Manches.,  1834,  8vo,  pp.  288. 

'•  It  failed  to  lead  to  any  use  of  the  mineral  in  that  way." — Do 
naldson's  Agricult.  Biog. 

Dacre,  Charlotte,  or  Mrs.  Byrne,  who  sometimes 
published  under  the  name  of  "  Rosa  Matilda,"  gave  several 
novels  and  poems  to  the  world.  Confessions  of  the  Nun 
at  St.  Omer's,  1805,  3  vols.  Hours  of  Solitude;  Poems, 
1805,  2  vols.  8vo.  She  also  pub.  Zofloya;  The  Libertine; 
and  The  Passions. 

Dacres,  William.  Elements  of  Water  Drawing,  Lon., 
1660,  4to. 

Dadd,  George  H.,  M.D.,  b.  1813,  England,  settled 
in  U.  S.,  1839,  Veterinary  Surgeon.  Outlines  of  Anatomy 
and  Physiology  of  the  Horse,  8vo,  pp.  306.  Amer.  Cattle 
Doctor,  Svo,  pp.  359.  Modern  Horse  Doctor,  1854,  8vo, 
pp.  432. 

"  A  very  valuable  work  for  those  who  have  the  care  of  horses." 

Manual  of  Veterinary  Science,  Svo,  pp.  500,  1855.  Ed. 
Am.  Veterinary  Journal,  Svo,  pp.  384. 

Dade,  John.     Almanacks,  1558,  1607,  Ac. 

Dade,  Wm.  Almanacks,  1624,  &c.  John  and  Wm. 
Dade  seem  to  have  pub.  almanacks  "for  the  greater  part 
of  the  17th  century." 

Dade,  Wm.,  d.  1790.  Proposals  for  the  History  and 
Antiquity  of  Holderness,  Yorkshire,  1783. 

Dadby,  Joseph.     Funl.  Serm.,  Lon.,  1740,  Svo. 

Dafforne,  Richard.  Merchant's  Mirror,  Lon.,  1635. 
Subsequently  annexed  to  Gerard  Malyne's  Consuetude  vel 
Lex  Mercatoria.  The  Apprentice's  Time  Entertainer  Ac- 
comptantly,  1669,  4to. 

Dagge,  Henry.  Considerations  on  the  Criminal  Law, 
Lon.,  1772,  Svo;  2d  ed.,  1774,  3  vols.  12mo.  A  valuable 
work. 

Dagge,  Jonathan.     Serms.,  1703,  '09,  Ac. 

Dagge,  Robert.  Proteus;  or  the  Jesuit  detected, 
1746,  Svo. 

Daggett,  Naphtali,  D.D.,  Pres.  of  Yale  College,  d. 
1780.  Serms.,  1767,  '70,  '73. 

Dagleish,  Wm.,  D.D.     See  DALGLEISH. 

Dagley,  Richard.  Gems,  principally  from  the  An 
tique,  with  Illustrations.  Part  1,  Lon.,  1804,  4to.  New 
ed.,  1822,  p.  Svo,  with  Illustrations  in  Verse,  by  the  Rev. 
Geo.  Croly.  Death's  Doings  ;  Prose  and  Verse,  1826,  Svo. 


DAL 

Daguilar,  Miss  Rose.  Gortz  of  Berlichingenj  a 
Hist.  Dram,  from  the  German  of  Goethe,  1799. 

Dahme.     Sermons,  1755,  '58,  Svo. 

Daking,  Wm.,  D.D.  Trans,  of  the  Hist,  of  Catherine, 
Empress  of  Russia,  1798,  2  vols.  Svo.  Serms.,  1801,  '03, 
'06,  '07,  '08,  '10. 

Dakins,  Wm.,  d.  1607,  one  of  the  translators  of  the 
Bible,  temp.  James  L,  had  assigned  to  him  the  Epistles  of 
St.  Paul  and  the  canonical  Epistles. 

Dalbiac,  Major  James  Charles.  A  Military  Cate 
chism  for  the  use  of  young  officers,  1806.  See  McCulloch's 
Lit.  of  Polit.  Economy,  p.  80. 

Dalby,  Isaac,  1744-1824.  Course  of  Mathematics, 
Lon.,  1805,  Ac.,  2  vols.  Svo.  Other  mathematical  works. 

Dalby,  Joseph.  The  Virtues  of  Cinnabar  and  Musk 
against  the  Bite  of  a  Mad  Dog,  Birm.,  1764,  4to. 

Dalcho,  Frederick,  1769-1836,  b.  in  London;  came 
to  the  U.  States  while  a  lad  ;  was  a  physician  in  Charleston, 
S.C.,  1800,  and  became  an  Episcopal  minister  there  in  1819. 
1.  Evidence  of  the  Divinity  of  Our  Saviour,  1820.  2.  His 
torical  Accountof the  Protestant  Episcopal  Church  in  South 
Carolina,  Charleston,  1820,  Svo.  3.  Ahiman  Rezon;  for 
the  Use  of  Freemasons,  1822,  Svo. 

Dale,  John.  Analysis  of  the  Epistles  N.  T.,  Oxf., 
1652,  12mo. 

Dale,  M.    Value  of  Annuities,  Lon.,  1777,  8vo. 

Dale,  Robert.  Cat.  of  the  Nobility,  Ac.  of  England, 
1679,  Svo. 

Dale,  Samuel,  M.D.,  1659-1739.  Pharmacologia  seu 
manuductio  ad  Materiam  Medicam,  Lon.,  1693,  Svo ;  seve 
ral  edits,  much  improved,  1737,  4to.  Pub.  at  Leyden, 
1739,  '51,  4to. 

"The  whole  consists  almost  entirely  of  Names  and  Synonyines, 
with  a  very  brief  account  of  the  powers  of  each  medicine." — DR. 
WATT. 

"  Scarcely  in  any  author  is  there  a  more  copious  collection  of 
synonyms." — DR.  PULTENEY. 

Hist,  and  Antiq.  of  Harwick  and  Dover  Court,  with  an 
Appendix  first  collected  by  Silas  Taylor,  alias  Dornville, 
and  now  much  enlarged,  Lon.,  1730, 4to ;  2d  edit.,  1732, 4to. 

"  That  part  of  this  work  which  regards  natural  history  is  so  co 
pious  and  accurate  as  to  render  the  book  a  real  acquisition  to 
science."  See  Pulteney's  Sketches  of  Botany. 

Dale  contributed  several  papers  to  Phil.  Trans. 

Dale,  Thomas.  De  Pareira  Brava  et  Seraphia  05., 
Lugd.  Bat.,  1723,  4to. 

Dale,  Thomas.  Trans,  of  Reynault's  Entretiens 
Physiques,  Lon.,  1731,  3  vols.  Svo. 

Dale,  Thomas,  b.  1797,  London,  Canon-Residentiary 
of  St.  Paul's,  and  Vicar  of  St.  Pancras.  Widow  of  Nain, 
1818.  Domestic  Liturgy  and  Family  Chaplain,  1846,  p.  Svo. 

"A  valuable  substitute  for  the  more  effective  practice  of  com 
munion  when  circumstances  occur  to  interrupt  or  prevent  attend 
ance  at  public  worship." — Lon.  Lit.  Gaz. 

Sabbath  Companion:  2  Series,  1844,  <fec. 

"They  are  full  of  truth  and  beauty;  and  so  may  God  speed 
them!" — Ch.  of  England  Quar.  Review. 

Translation  of  Sophocles,  1824.  Sermons  at  Cambridge, 
1832,  '35,  '36,  3  vols.  Svo.  Sermons  at  St.  Bride's,  Lon 
don,  1830,  Svo.  The  Good  Shepherd,  1845.  Golden  Psalm, 
1847.  Sermons  at  Denmark  Hill,  Svo. 

"Dale's  Discourses  produce  an  overwhelming  effect  upon  his 
audiences,  spoken  as  they  are  in  the  author's  calm,  solemn  man- 
ner."—Presbyt.  Review,  Sept.  1836. 

Poetical  Works;  new  ed.,  1842,  sm.  Svo. 

Dalechamp,  Caleb.  Vindiciae  Salamonis;  sive  de 
ejus  lapsu  statuque  aeterno,  Lon.,  1622,  4to.  Exercitar- 
tiones,  1624,  4to.  Harrisonus  honoratus,  Cantab.,  1632, 
Svo.  Hospitality  :  on  Rom.  xii.  13,  1632,  4to. 

Dales,  Major  Saml.  An  Essay  on  the  Study  of  the 
History  of  England,  Lon.,  1809,  Svo. 

Dalgarno,  George,  1627-1687,  a  native  of  Old  Aber 
deen,  was.  noted  for  his  learning.  Ars  Signorum,  vulgo 
Character  universalis  et  Lingua  philosophica,Lon.,1661,8vo. 

His  treatise  was  enlarged  upon  by  Bishop  Wilkins,  in 
his  Essay  towards  a  real  Character  and  a  Philosophical 
Language;  with  an  Alphabetical  Dictionary,  1668,  fol. 
Dalgarno  wrote  also  Didascolocophus,  or  the  Deaf  and 
Dumb  Man's  Tutor,  Oxf.,  1680,  8vo. 

Dalgleish,  John.     Sermons,  Edin.,  1711,  4to. 

Dalgleish,  Wm.,  D.D.  Serms.,  Edin.,  1786,  '99,  4 
vols.  Svo. 

Dalhusius,  J.  H.  Theolog.  and  other  works,  Lon. 
and  Edin.,  16h9.  '91. 

Dalison,  Dallison,  or  Dallizon,  Gulielme. 
Cases,  Reports,  Ac.,  Lon.,  1609, 12mo.  Reports  des  divers 
Cases  adjugez  en  la  Court  del  Common  Bank  en  les  Regnes 
Mar.  et  Eliz.,  1689,  fol.  Dalison's  Reports  were  collected 
and  pub.  with  Benloe's,  by  John  Rowe,  and  others  had  ap 
peared  in  Ashe  and  Keilwey. 


DAL 


DAL 


"Of  Dalison  little  is  known,  and  his  Reports  long  since  ranked 
among  the  antiquities  of  the  Law,  and  are  now  almost  obsolete  and 
valueless."— Marvin's  Legal  Sibl,  q.  v. ;  also  Bridg.  Leg.  Bibl.,  192 ; 
Winch's  Rep.,  43;  and  Wallace's  Reporters,  14. 

Dal  1  a  m ,  James  W.     Laws  of  Texas,  Bait,  1845,  Svo. 

Dallas,  Alexander  James,  1759-1817,  third  son 
of  Robert  Charles  Dallas,  was  a  native  of  Jamaica,  to  which 
island  his  father,  an  eminent  physician,  had  emigrated 
from  Scotland  about  the  middle  of  the  18th  century.  Upon 
his  father's  return  to  Scotland,  Alexander  was  placed  at  an 
academy  in  the  neighbourhood  of  London,  under  the  care 
of  James  Elphinston,  a  familiar  name  to  the  readers  of 
Boswell's  Johnson.  With  the  great  lexicographer,  and  the 
equally  famed  philosopher — Dr.  Franklin — young  Dallas 
became  acquainted  whilst  still  a  student.  In  1780  he  was 
married  to  Arabella  Maria  Smith,  a  daughter  of  Major 
George  Smith,  of  the  British  Army.  In  1781,  after  the 
death  of  his  father,  Mr.  Dallas  sailed  for  Jamaica,  and  had 
resided  in  that  island  for  two  years  when  he  determined  to 
emigrate  to  the  United  States.  He  arrived  at  the  city  of 
New  York  in  1783,  and  proceeding  to  Philadelphia,  took 
the  oath  of  allegiance  to  the  Commonwealth  of  Pennsyl 
vania  the  10th  day  after  his  first  landing  on  the  shores  of 
the  United  States.  In  1785  he  was  admitted  to  the  Bar  of 
the  Supreme  Court  of  Pennsylvania,  and  in  four  or  five 
years  became  a  practitioner  in  the  Courts  of  the  United 
States.  It  has  been  mentioned  as  a  striking  proof  of  his 
industry  and  zeal  in  his  legal  pursuits,  that 

"  Within  five  years  after  his  admission  to  the  bar,  he  collected 
and  prepared  for  publication  a  volume  of  cases,  many  of  which 
were  decided  before  the  Revolution:  a  service  to  the  profession, 
and,  we  may  say,  to  the  law  itself  at  that  time,  which  we,  at  this 
day,  can  scarcely  appreciate." 

See  National  Portrait  Gallery  of  Distinguished  Ameri 
cans,  Phila.,  1853,  (article  GEORGE  MIFFLIX  DALLAS,)  to 
which  we  acknowledge  our  obligations. 

In  1791  Mr.  Dallas  was  appointed  Secretary  to  the  Com 
monwealth  of  Pennsylvania,  and  upon  the  election  of  Mr. 
Jefferson  to  the  Presidency,  he  became  Attorney  of  the 
United  States  for  the  Eastern  District  of  Pennsylvania. 
He  continued  in  this  office  until  October,  1814,  when  he 
was  appointed  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  of  the  United 
States.  In  1815  "he  undertook  the  additional  trust  of 
Secretary  of  War,  and  performed  with  success  the  delicate 
task  of  reducing  the  army  of  the  United  States." 

In  November,  1816,  the  country  being  at  peace,  its 
finances  arranged,  and  the  machinery  of  government  un 
disturbed  by  any  of  the  obstructions  which  had  so  long 
retarded  the  harmonious  action  of  its  various  functions,  Mr. 
Dallas  felt  that  he  had  a  right  to  claim  for  his  declining 
years  a  measure  of  that  repose  which  he  had  long  post 
poned  to  the  pressing  exigencies  of  his  adopted  country. 
He  therefore  resigned  his  official  trusts,  and  returned  to  the 
practice  of  the  law  in  Philadelphia.  But  the  pressing  re 
sponsibilities  which  had  so  long  tasked  his  mental  and 
bodily  powers  had  doubtless  affected  his  constitution,  and 
he  fell  an  easy  victim  to  an  attack  of  gout  in  the  stomach 
— the  result  of  exposure  to  the  cold  when  engaged  in  an 
important  suit — in  about  two  months  after  his  return  to 
private  life.  America  will  ever  have  reason  to  cherish  with 
affectionate  reverence  the  memory  of  the  name  and  services 
of  Alexander  James  Dallas. 

As  a  man  of  letters— equally  conversant  with  the  refine 
ments  of  elegant  literature,  and  the  graver  studies  inciden 
to  his  professional  duties — Mr.  Dallas  enjoyed  great  repu 
tation.  His  contributions  to  the  periodical  literature  of 
the  day  were  numerous,  and  we  have  the  testimony  that 

"  His  essays  will  bear  a  comparison  with  those  of  his  contempo 
raries;  and  this  is  no  small  praise,  for  Franklin,  Rush,  and  Hop- 
kinson  were  of  the  number." 

He  was  for  some  time  editor  of  The  Columbian  Magazine 
He  published,  1.  Features  of  Jay's  Treaty,  1795.  2.  Speeches 
on  the  trial  of  Blount,  and  the  impeachment  of  the  Judges 
3.  The  Laws  of  Pennsylvania  from  Oct.  14,  1700,  to  Dec 
1,  1801;  with  Notes  Republished  under  the  authority  of 
the  Legislature,  4  vols.  fol.,  1797-1801.  4.  Address  to  the 
Society  of  Constitutional  Republicans,  1805.  5.  Report 
of  Cases  in  the  Courts  of  the  United  States  and  Pennsyl 
vama,  before  and  since  the  Revolution,  4  vols.  Svo,  1790- 
807.  Vol.  i.  contains  Cases  adjudged  in  the  Courts  of 
Pennsylvania,  namely,  the  Common  Pleas,  Supreme  Court 
and  the  High  Court  of  Errors  and  Appeals,  before  and  sine 
the  Revolution  to  1789;  with  an  Appendix,  containing  th 
Cases  of  the  Court  of  Chancery  in  Pennsylvania;  3d  edit 
with  addits.  and  copious  Notes  by  Thomas  I.  Wharton 
Vol.  iv.  has  recently  been  reprinted,  with  Notes  and  Re 
ferences  by  Benjamin  Gerhard,  Esq.  Vols.  ii.,  Hi.,  and  iv 
contain  Cases  adjudged  in  the  several  Courts  of  the  Unite 
466 


tates  and  of  Pennsylvania,  from  the  year  1781  to  Decem- 
er  Term,  1806,  Phila.,  1830,  4  vols.  r.  Svo. 

With  the  exception  of  Kirby's,  these  are  the  eldest  Re- 
orts  in  the  United  States.  In  many  of  the  cases  the  re- 
orter  was  engaged  as  counsel.  Of  the  value  of  these 
leports  we  have  the  following  testimony  from  an  eminent 
uthority : 

They  do  credit  to  the  Court,  the  Bar,  and  the  Reporter;  they 
how  readiness  in  practice,  liberality  in  principle,  strong  reason, 
nd  legal  learning;  the  method,  too,  is  clear,  and  the  language 
lain." — LORD  MANSFIELD. 

Peak's  Evid.  by  Randall,  Pref.;  1  Com.  Rep.  Pref.,  28; 

Month.  Anth.,  156;  Marvin's  Leg.  Bibl.,  249. 

6.  Exposition  of  the  Causes  and  Character  of  the  late 
War,  1815.  The  author's  son,  Hon.  George  Mifflin  Dallas, 
roposed  in  1817  to  publish  a  collective  edition  of  his 
ather's  works  in  3  vols.  Among  his  papers  were  some 
nfinished  sketches  of  a  history  of  Pennsylvania,  which, 
f  completed,  would,  from  the  author's  familiarity  with  the 
opic  and  literary  ability,  have  proved  a  valuable  record 
f  a  most  interesting  portion  of  the  annals  of  the  infant 
epublic. 

Dallas,  Rev.  Alexander  Robert  Charles,  one  of 
he  most  exemplary  and  distinguished  of  the  clergy  of  the 
Church  of  England,  is  a  son  of  Robert  Charles  Dallas,  Esq., 
the  friend  and  connexion  of  Lord  Byron,)  whose  literary 
abours  we  shall  have  occasion  to  chronicle  hereafter.  The 
ubject  of  this  notice  served  for  many  years  as  an  officer 
n  the  English  army,  and  was  at  every  engagement  at  which 
he  Duke  of  Wellington  was  present,  throughout  the  Pen- 
nsular  War.  He  was  at  the  battle  of  Waterloo,  also,  as 
was  his  cousin  and  brother-in-law,  Mr.  (now  the  Rev.) 
Charles  Dallas,  who  was  badly  wounded  on  that  perilous 
Lay.  After  returning  to  England,  Charles  Dallas,  under 
promptings  of  religious  duty,  determined  to  assume 
holy  orders,  and  his  example  and  friendly  counsel  induced 
A.  R.  C.  Dallas  to  embrace  the  same  sacred  calling.  The 
exemplary  piety  and  unwearied  zeal  in  well-doing  of  these 
devoted  soldiers  of  the  cross,  are  well  known  to  the  world. 
A.  R.  C.  Dallas  for  several  years  laboured  with  great  suc 
cess  in  the  work  of  missions  in  Ireland.  For  the  following 
account  of  this  enterprise,  we  are  indebted  to  the  Hon. 
Judge  Kelley,  of  Philadelphia,  who  recently  spent  some 
days  in  the  hospitable  mansion  of  the  Rev.  Mr.  Dallas. 
Mr.  D.  is  a  first-cousin  of  our  distinguished  townsman, 
George  Mifflin  Dallas,  of  Philadelphia,  late  Vice-President 
of  the  United  States. 

Mr.  Dallas  has  undoubtedly  been  the  chief  agent  and  supporter 
of  the  missionary  work  in  the  west  of  Ireland.  His  first  efforts  in 
this  field  were  in  1844,  since  when  they  have  been  unremitting, 
and  have  exhibited  in  a  peculiar  combination  the  devotion  of  the 
Christian  with  the  activity  and  discipline  of  the  soldier.  His  first 
effort  was  to  establish  an  efficient  body  of  colporteurs :  this  accom 
plished,  he  obtained  the  name  and  post-office  of  every  farmer 
throughout  the  region  in  which  his  labours  have  since  been  so 
efficient.  In  January,  1845,  each  of  the  persons  whose  addresses 
were  thus  obtained,  '25,000  in  number,  received  copies  of  the  first 
of  a  numerous  series  of  powerful  pamphlets.  The  first,  I  believe, 
was  entitled  '  A  Voice  from  Heaven  to  Ireland.'  Since  then  Mr. 
Dallas,  though  faithful  to  his  charge  at  Wonston,  and  meeting  with 
great  frequency  the  committees  connected  with  the  mission  at 
Exeter  Hall — has  passed  a  portion  of  each  year  in  Coniiaught,  and 
is  personally  known  and  loved  by  thousands  of  its  inhabitants. 
In  1847  he  assisted  in  founding  the  Connemara  Orphan  House, 
which  was  first  filled  with  those  whose  parents  were  swept  from 
them  by  the  famine  and  cholera  of  1846.  Some  idea  may  be  formed 
of  the  extent  and  blessed  results  of  these  labours,  from  the  fact 
that  9  churches  were  consecrated  by  the  Archbishop  of  Tuam  in 
August,  1852,  the  entire  congregations  of  which  had  but  a  short 
period  before  been  attached  to  the  church  of  Rome." 

Mr.  Dallas  is  the  author  of  many  excellent  works,  the 
beneficial  influence  of  which  upon  the  public  mind  of  Great 
Britain  it  would  be  difficult  to  exaggerate.  We  annex  a 
list:  1.  Practical  Serms.  on  the  Lord's  Prayer,  Lon.,  1823, 
12mo. 

"  The  great  recommendation  of  Mr.  Dallas's  Sermons  is  their 
plainness  and  simplicity:  the  style  is  easy  and  elegant,  and  with 
all  its  plainness  never  degenerates  into  homeliness." — Lon.  Chris 
tian  Remembrancer. 

2.  Pastoral  Superintendence,  its  motive,  detail,  and  sup 
port,  1841,  Svo. 

"  Many  useful  practical  hints."— BickerstetVs  Christian  Student. 

3.  Curate's  Offering;  Village  Serms.,  12mo.     4.  Intro- 
due,  to  Prophet.  Researches,  12mo.     5.  Lent  Lectures  on 
Christ's  Temptation,  18mo.     6.  Ministerial  Responsibility, 
12mo.     7.  Miracles  of  Christ,  ISmo.     8.  Parables  of  Christ, 
18mo.     9.  Realizing;  the  Strength  of  an  Effectual  Minis 
try,  18mo.     10.  Rise,  Progress,  and  Prospects  of  Roman 
ism,  Svo.     11.  Scriptural  View  of  the  Position  of  the  Jews, 
12mo.     12.  Serms.  to  Country  Congregations.     13.  Chris 
tian  Mission  at  Castlekerke,  1849, 12mo.    14.  Look  to  Jeru 
salem;  or  the  Position  of  the  Jews,  5th  ed.,  1853,  12mo. 
15.  Missionary  Crisis  in  the  Church  of  England,  1842, 12mo. 


DAL 


DAL 


16.  Pastor's  Assistant,  3  vols.  in  1,  1842,  12mo.  17.  Cot 
tager's  Guide  to  the  New  Testament,  6  vols.,  1839-45, 12mo ; 
18.  To  the  Acts  of  the  Apostles,  1847,  12mo;  19.  To  the 
Epistles  of  St.  Paul,  1849,  12mo.  20.  My  Churchyard,  2d 
ed.,  1848,  12mo.  21.  Book  of  Psalms  arranged  for  Devo 
tional  Readings,  2ded.,  1847, 32rno.  22.  Revelation  Read 
ings;  vol.  i.,  1848,  12mo;  vol.  ii.,  1851,  12mo;  vol.  in., 

1852,  12mo.     23.  The  Point  of  Hope  in  Ireland's  Present 
Crisis,  1849  j  2d  ed.,  1850,  12mo.     24.  Prophecy  upon  the 
Mount;  2d  ed.,  1848,  12mo.    Transubstantiation,  1857,  8vo. 

Dallas,  E.  S»     Poetics:  an  Essay  on  Poetry,  Lon., 

1853,  p.  8vo. 

Dallas,  E.  W.  The  Elements  of  Plane  Practical 
Geometry,  Lon.,  1855,  8vo. 

Dallas,  George,  of  St.  Martin.  System  of  Styles  as 
now  practicable  within  the  kingdom  of  Scotland ;  in  6  parts, 
Edin.,  1697,  fol.,  1774,  2  vols.  4to. 

Dallas,  Sir  George,  Bart.,  1758-1833,  a  native  of 
London,  of  the  same  family  as  A.  J.  Dallas.  A  Speech, 
praying  redress  against  an  Act  of  Parliament,  Lon.,  1786, 
8vo.  The  India  Guide ;  a  Poem.  Thoughts  on  our  pre 
sent  Situation,  with  remarks  on  the  Policy  of  a  War  with 
France,  1793,  8vo.  Letters  on  the  Trade  between  India 
and  Europe,  1802,  4to.  Letters  to  Lord  Moira  on  the  Polit. 
and  Com.  State  of  Ireland.  Vindication  of  the  Justice  and 
Policy  of  the  late  Wars  carried  on  in  Hindostan  and  the 
Dekkan,  by  Marquis  Wellesley,  1806, 4to.  A  Biographical 
Memoir  of  the  late  Sir  Peter  Parker,  Bart.,  Captain  of  his 
Majesty's  Ship  Menelaus,  &c.,  1815,  4to.  Other  publica 
tions.  The  remarks  on  the  policy  of  a  war  with  France 
were  greatly  admired  by  Wm.  Pitt,  and,  at  his  suggestion, 
reprinted  for  general  distribution.  We  give  an  extract 
from  a  letter  of  Robert  Southey's  : 

"  Sir  George  Dallas  has  sent  me  some  marvellous  verses  by  a  son 
of  his,  not  yet  thirteen — as  great  a  prodigy  as  I  have  ever  read  of. 
Verse  appears  as  easy  to  him  as  speech ;  Latin  verse  is  at  his  fingers' 
end  like  English;  and  he  has  acted  a  part  in  a  play  of  his  own 
composition,  like  another  Roscius."— To  C.  H.  Townslwnd,  Esq., 
April  12,  1818. 

Dallas,George  Mifflin,LL.D.,  b.  July  10,l792,in  the 
city  of  Philadelphia,  is  a  son  of  Alexander  James  Dallas,  a 
native  of  Jamaica,  and  one  of  the  most  distinguished  and 
useful  of  America's  adopted  sons,  (v.  ante.)  Indeed,  in 
but  few  families  have  so  many  members  risen  to  distinction 
and  eminent  public  usefulness  as  in  that  of  the  subject  of 
this  notice.  His  grandfather,  Dr.  Dallas,  who  emigrated 
from  Scotland  to  Jamaica  about  the  middle  of  the  18th 
century,  was  one  of  the  most  prominent  professors  of  the 
particular  branch  of  science  to  which  his  energies  were  de 
voted.  Of  his  four  sons,  Robert  Charles  Dallas  became 
one  of  the  most  voluminous  and  useful  writers  of  his  age ; 
and  Alexander  James  Dallas,  Secretary  of  the  Treasury 
and  Secretary  of  War  of  the  Federal  Republic,  deservedly 
acquired  by  his  public  services  a  commanding  position  in 
the  eyes  of  the  American  people.  Their  sister,  Miss  Dallas, 
married  Capt.  Byron  of  the  English  navy,  and  was  mother 
of  the  present  and  seventh  Lord  Byron.  To  the  same 
family  belonged  the  distinguished  brothers,  Sir  George 
Dallas,  whose  political  writings  were  so  warmly  admired 
by  William  Pitt,  and  Sir  Robert  Dallas,  President  Judge 
of  the  Court  of  Common  Pleas.  Nor  have  the  wisdom  of 
the  Bench  and  the  deliberations  of  the  councils  only,  been 
indebted  to  this  House  :  in  the  Church  it  is  ably  represented 
by  those  excellent  religious  instructors  through  the  pulpit 
and  the  press,  the  Rev.  Alexander  Robert  Charles  Dallas 
and  Rev.  Charles  Dallas,  who,  after  gaining  military  laurels 
in  the  Peninsula  and  at  Waterloo  under  Wellington,  are 
now  zealously  engaged  in  the  promotion  of  the  best  inte 
rests  of  the  human  race. 

Of  the  three  sons  of  Alexander  James  Dallas,  the  eldest 
rose  to  the  rank  of  Commodore  in  the  American  navy,  the 
third  was  the  late  Judge  Dallas  of  Pittsburg,  and  the 
second,  George  Mifflin  Dallas,  after  occupying  many  pub 
lie  positions,  was,  in  1844,  elected  to  the  Vice-Presidency 
of  the  United  States.     The  particular  incidents  connectec 
with  Mr.  Dallas's  career,  which  belong  to  political  rather 
than  to  literary  history,  will  not  be  expected  in  this  volume 
The  reader  will  find  an  excellent  biographical  sketch  in 
the  National  Portrait  Gallery,  Phila.,  1853 ;  and  his  visi 
to  England  whilst  yet  a  youth  is  noticed  by  his  noble  con 
nexion,  Lord  Byron  the  poet,  in  his  correspondence  with 
Robert  Charles  Dallas.     We  may  mention  an  amusing  in 
stance  of  the  early  display  of  that  principle  of  sturdy  de 
mocracy  for  which   Mr.  Dallas   has   been   distinguishec 
through  life.     Upon  his  arrival  in  England  he  called  upon 
and  paid  his  respects  to  his  distinguished  connexion,  Lon 
George  Gordon  Byron,  and  awaited  a  call  in  reply.     Hi 
uncle,  R.  C.  Dallas,  informed  him  that  peers  were  not  in 


he  habit  of  returning  visits  to  those  of  inferior  rank  to 
heir  own,  and  that  it  was  his  place  to  visit  his  lordship. 
Jut  the  young  republican  declared  that  he  should  not  call 
again  unless  his  first  visit  were  returned.  Lord  Byron  was 
not  a  little  amused  by  this  practical  exhibition  of  repub- 
icanism,  and  complied  with  the  code  thus  recommended  to 
lim,  and  invited  Mr.  Dallas  to  visit  him  at  Newstead. 

1.  An  Essay  on  the  expediency  of  erecting  any  Monu 
ment  to  Washington  except  that  involved  in  the  preserva- 
;ion  of  the  American  Union  :  printed  in  1811.  2.  An  Ad 
dress  to  the  Democrats  of  Philadelphia  in  vindication  of 
he  War  of  1812  :  delivered  on  the  4th  July,  1815.  3.  An 
Appeal  to  the  Democracy  of  Pennsylvania,  for  the  election 
if  William  Findlay  as  Governor:  in  1817.  4.  A  Vindica- 
ion  of  President  Monroe,  for  authorizing  General  Jackson 
to  pursue  the  hostile  Indians  into  Florida :  in  1819.  5.  An 
Oration  on  Reverence  and  Love  of  our  Country,  before  the 
Cliosophic  and  Whig  Societies,  at  Princeton  College:  in 
1831.  6.  An  Oration  at  Lafayette  College,  Easton,  on  the 
Public  Character  of  Pennsylvania:  in  1834.  7.  An  Appeal 
to  the  People  of  Pennsylvania  in  favour  of  having  a  formal 
scrutiny  instituted  by  the  approaching  Constitutional  Con 
vention,  as  to  the  corrupt  creation  and  fraudulent  invalidity 
of  the  Charter  granted  by  their  Representatives  to  the  Bank 
of  the  United  States  :  in  1836.  8.  Address  before  a  Com 
mittee  of  the  Legislature  pursuing  an  Anti-Masonic  inves 
tigation  ;  denouncing  and  resisting  their  course  as  a  viola 
tion  of  the  private  rights  guaranteed  to  the  citizen  by  the 
Constitution:  in  1836.  9.  An  Address  to  sustain  the  nomi 
nation  of  Andrew  Jackson  to  the  Presidency :  in  1828. 
10.  A  Lecture  before  the  Mercantile  Institution  on  Russia: 
n  1840.  11.  Defence  of  Comm.  Jesse  D.  Elliott,  before  a 
Court  Martial:  in  1840.  12.  An  Oration  in  Commemora 
tion  of  the  Centennial  Anniversary  of  Jefferson's  Birth- 
Day :  in  1843.  13.  Eulogy  on  Andrew  Jackson:  at  the 
public  celebration  of  his  Obsequies  by  the  citizens  of  Phila 
delphia  :  in  1845.  14.  Speech  of  Vice-President  Dallas  to 
the  Senate  of  the  United  States,  on  giving  his  casting  vote 
in  favour  of  the  new  Tariff  of  duties  on  Imports:  in  1846. 
15.  Vindication  of  the  Vice-President's  casting  vote  on  the 
Tariff  of  1846,  in  a  series  of  letters  :  in  1846.  16.  Address 
as  Chancellor  of  the  Smithsonian  Institute,  on  laying 
the  corner-stone  of  the  edifice  at  Washington:  in  1847. 
17.  Speech  at  the  Celebration  of  the  Centennial  Anniver 
sary  of  the  foundation  of  the  College  of  New  Jersey :  in 
1847.  18.  Published  Letter  on  the  practicability  and  ex 
pediency  of  securing  by  the  treaty  of  peace  with  Mexico 
the  right  of  way,  and  of  opening  a  Ship  Canal  across  the 
Isthmus  of  Tehuantepec:  in  1847.  19.  Thoughts  on  Mr. 
Trist's  Treaty  of  Peace  with  Mexico :  in  1849.  20.  Eulogy 
on  the  Life  and  Character  of  James  K.  Polk :  in  1849. 
21.  Letter  to  Mr.  Bryan,  of  Texas,  on  the  character  of  the 
Federal  Constitution,  and  the  approach  of  danger  to  the 
Union  :  in  1851.  22.  Speech  on  the  trial  of  William  Ho- 
gan,  a  Roman  Catholic  Priest,  indicted  for  an  assault  and 
battery  on  Mary  Connell.  23.  Speech  in  the  Senate  of  the 
United  States,  on  Nullification  and  the  Tariff:  in  1831. 

24.  Speech  in  the  U.  S.  Senate  on  the  Constitutionality  and 
Equality  of  the  Apportionment  of  Federal  Representatives 
by  the  Act  of  1832,  under  the  Fifth   Census:  in   1832. 

25.  Speech  in  the  U.  S.  Senate  in  vindication  of  Edward 
Livingston,  nominated  by  President  Jackson  for  the  office 
of  Secretary  of  State  :  in  1832.     26.  Speech  to  the  citizens 
of  Pittsburg  on  the  War,  Slavery,  and  the  Tariff:  in  1847. 

27.  Speech   to   the   citizens   of  Hollidaysburg :  in    1847. 

28.  Speech  to  the  citizens  of  Philadelphia  in  Town-Meet 
ing,  on  the  necessity  of  maintaining  the  Union,  the  Con 
stitution,  and  the  Compromise:  in  1850.     29.  Speech  on 
the  application  to  the  Supreme  Court  for  an  Injunction 
against  the  Canal  Commissioners,  on  alleged  usurpations 
of  power  in  the  management  of  the  Columbia  Railroad : 
in  1853.     30.  Speech  in  maintenance  of  the  legal  right  of 
the  Corporation  of  Philadelphia  to  subscribe  to  the  North 
Pennsylvania  Railroad  Company:  in  1853. 

In  addition  to  the  works  previously  cited,  we  refer  the 
reader  to  notices  of  Mr.  Dallas  and  his  public  services  in 
Democratic  Review,  x.  158;  American  Whig  Review,  xiv. 
451;  Niles's  Register,  xliii.,  Sup.  124;  Chase's  Hist,  of  the 
Polk  Administration. 

Dallas,  Robert  Charles,  1754-1824,  uncle  of  the 
preceding,  and  brother  of  Alexander  James  Dallas,  was  a 
native  of  Kingston,  Jamaica.  He  was  educated  first  at 
Musselburgh,  and  next  under  Mr.  Elphinston.  He  was 
entered  of  the  Inner  Temple  as  a  law  student,  but  upon 
attaining  his  majority  he  returned  to  Jamaica,  where  he 
continued  for  three  years,  when  he  again  visited  Europe, 
and  was  married  to  a  daughter  of  Benjamin  Harding,  Esq., 

467 


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of  Hacton  House,  near  Hornchureh.  Before  this  last  visit 
he  had  been  appointed  to  a  lucrative  office  in  Jamaica,  and 
returned  to  the  discharge  of  his  duties  after  his  marriage; 
but  the  climate  not  agreeing  with  Mrs.  Dallas's  health,  they 
quitted  the  West  Indies  forever,  and  resided  for  several 
years  upon  the  Continent.  That  terrible  scourge,  the 
French  Revolution,  drove  Mr.  Dallas,  with  almost  all  other 
men  of  proper  spirit,  from  unhappy  France;  and  he  deter 
mined  to  visit  America,  in  which  country  his  brother,  Alex 
ander  James  Dallas,  subsequently  attained  great  distinc 
tion,  (v.  ante.)  Mr.  Dallas  was  not  sufficiently  pleased  with 
the  United  States  to  induce  a  permanent  settlement,  and 
he  returned  to  England,  where  he  entered  upon  an  extended 
literary  career,  for  which  his  talents  eminently  fitted  him. 
His  best-known  work — published  shortly  before  his  death — 
is  the  Recollections  of  Lord  Byron.  Mr.  Dallas  was  related 
to  the  Byron  family,  his  sister,  Miss  Dallas,  having  mar 
ried  Captain  Byron  of  the  English  navy,  father  of  the  present 
and  seventh  Lord  Byron,  successor  of  the  noble  poet. 

Mr.  Dallas  had  great  influence  with  his  relative,  and  ex 
erted  it  in  a  manner  which  redounded  greatly  to  his  honour. 
The  reader  of  Moore's  Life  of  Byron  will  remember  that 
it  was  owing  to  Mr.  D.'s  agency  that  Childe  Harold  was 
given  to  the  world,  but  all  are  not  aware  that  many  objec 
tionable  verses  were  expunged  at  his  earnest  request,  and 
others  protested  against,  which  Byron  insisted  upon  retain 
ing.  The  reader  who  would  do  justice  to  the  character  of 
this  excellent  man — Robert  Charles  Dallas — must  peruse 
the  Recollections,  and  especially  the  "preliminary  state 
ment,"  of  the  Rev.  A.  R.  C.  Dallas,  and  the  concluding  chap 
ter  of  the  book.  We  proceed  to  the  enumeration  of  Mr. 
Dallas's  productions : 

1.  Miscellaneous  Writings,  consisting  of  Poems;  Lucre- 
tia,  a  Tragedy,  and  Moral  Essays,  with  a  Vocabulary  of 
the  Passions,  1797,  4to.  2.  Clery's  Journal  of  occurrences 
at  the  Temple  during  the  confinement  of  Louis  XVI. ;  from 
the  French,  1797,  8vo.  3.  Annals  of  the  French  Revolu 
tion;  from  the  French  of  Bertrand  de  Moleville,  1800-02, 
9  vols.  8vo.  4.  Memoirs  of  the  last  year  of  Louis  XVI., 
3  vols.  8vo.  5.  Letter  to  the  Hon.  C.  J.  Fox,  respecting  an 
inaccurate  quotation  of  the  Annals  of  the  French  Revolu 
tion,  made  by  him  in  the  House  of  Commons,  by  Bertrand 
de  Moleville,  with  a  trans.,  1800,  8vo.  6.  Correspondence 
between  Bertrand  de  Moleville  and  C.  J.  Fox  upon  his  quo 
tation  of  the  Annals,  with  a  trans.,  1800,  8vo.  7.  The 
British  Mercury ;  from  the  French  of  Mallet  du  Pan. 
8.  The  Natural  History  of  Volcanoes,  including  Submarine 
Volcanoes,  and  other  Analogous  Phenomena.  Trans,  from 
the  French  of  the  Abbe  Ordinaire,  1801,  8vo.  9.  Percival, 
or  Nature  Vindicated;  a  Novel,  1801,  4  vols.  12mo. 

"The  foundation  of  this  fascinating  and  instructive  work  of 
imagination  is  laid  in  pure  religion  and  uncontaminated  nature; 
and  the  superstructure  is  raised  upon  a  liberal  and  virtuous  educa 
tion,  under  the  direction  of  those  best  architects  of  the  human 
mind,  sound  example  and  sound  precept." — European  Magazine. 

"It  presents  the  reader  throughout  with  a  very  beautiful  picture 
of  virtue,  in  its  most  engaging  form,  delineated  in  the  clearest 
colouring  of  purity  of  style  and  simplicity  of  language." — Anti- 
Jacobin  Review. 

10.  Elements  of  Self-Knowledge,  1802,  8vo;  2ded.,1806. 
11.  The  History  of  the  Maroons,  Lon.,  1803,  '04,  2  vols. 
8vo.  This  work  is  censured  with  much  severity  by  the 
Edinburgh  reviewer,  (vol.  ii.  376,)  whose  justice  is  ques 
tioned  by  Mr.  Rich: 

"  The  Edinburgh  Review  seems  to  be  rather  too  severe  upon  this 
work,  for  by  its  own  account,  it  contains  much  curious  and  inte 
resting  matter,  and  appears  to  form  a  useful  appendix  to  Brian 
Edwards's  West  Indies,  Ac." 

Vide  Bibliotheca  Americana  Nova,  ii.  13. 

The  three  opinions  which  follow  are  entitled  to  great  re 
spect: 

"  The  whole  work  is  curious,  interesting,  and  instructive,  and 
distinguished  for  the  sincerity  of  its  narrations."— Lon.  Annual 
Review. 

"  We  advise  the  inquisitive  to  consult  the  volumes  of  Mr.  Dallas, 
which  certainly  afford  much  of  both  information  and  entertain 
ment." — Lon.  Monthly  Review. 

"This  book  was  much  esteemed  for  the  simplicity  of  its  narra 
tion,  and  authenticity  of  its  details."— Lon.  Gentleman's  Mag. 

12.  The  Costume  of  the  Hereditary  Estates  of  the  House 
of  Austria,  from  the  French  of  B.  de  Moleville,  1804,  imp. 
4to.  13.  Refutation  of  the  Libel  on  the  Memory  of  the 

1?t ° JFinSY°f  ,F™nCe'  pub"  ^  Helen  Maria  Williams,  from 
the  French  of  B.  de  Moleville,  1804,  8vo.  We  confess  that 
the  zeal  with  which  this  excellent  man  espouses  the  cause 
of  the  "murdered  majesty"  of  France  recommends  his 
memory  to  our  profound  respect.  How  long  will  Ameri 
cans  degrade  themselves,  and  disgrace  the  cause  of  -that 
liberty  which  they  profess  to  cherish,  by  extolling  the  Eno-. 
lish  regicides  of  the  17th,  and  the  French  regicides  of  the 


I  18th  century?  Our  country  is  afflicted  with  some  apolo 
gists  for  these  damning  crimes — but  "  let  no  such  man  be 
trusted  !"  14.  Aubrey,  a  Novel,  1804.  4  vols.  12mo. 

"We  here  announce  to  our  readers  a  very  agreeable  and  instruc 
tive  novel,  in  which  the  incidents  themselves  afford  a  lesson  both 
improving  and  entertaining,  and  the  sentiments  are  always  founded 
on  just  perceptions  of  reason  and  nature." — Lon.  Monthly  Jh'ei-iew. 

"  In  saying  that  this  production  is  superior  to  the  generality  of 
novels,  we  shall  be  thought  by  many  to  express  ourselves  but  coldly 
of  its  merits.  Aubrey  does,  in  fact,  deserve  a  higher  conuneuda- 
tion.  It  is  written  with  ease,  and  excites  much  interest  iu-the 
mind  of  the  reader." — British  Critic. 

15.  Memoirs  of  Marie  Antoinette,  Queen  of  France,  from 
the  French  of  Joseph  Weber,  her  foster-brother,  1805,  8vo. 
16.  The  Morlands;  Tales  illustrative  of  the  Simple  and 
Surprising,  1805,  4  vols.  12ino. 

"  Thus  concludes  the  first  Tale  of  the  Morlands :  we  shall  take  a 
short  notice  of  the  second  hereafter.  This  Tale  is  certainly  much 
superior  to  the  general  course  of  novels.  The  language  is  natural 
and  chaste,  the  business,  in  general,  interesting  and  rapid,  and  the 
moral  effect  is  such  as  will  often  instruct,  and  can  never  offend." — 
Lon.  Gen.  Revieio. 

"The  merits  of  both  his  efforts  are  considerable;  our  judgment, 
however,  decides  for  the  last." — Anti-Jacobin  Review. 

"The  value  of  these  works  of  imagination  consists  in  the  faith 
ful  picture  of  mankind  which  they  present.  Mr.  D.'s  just  discri 
minations  of  character  are  evidences  of  his  acquaintance  with  the 
world.  Many  excellent  reflections,  and  precepts  of  the  best  mo 
rality,  occur  in  the  work." — Lon.  Monthly  Iff  view. 

17.  The  Latter  Years  of  the  Reign  and  Life  of  Louis  XVI., 
from  the  French  of  Hue,  1806,  8vo.  18.  The  Knights; 
Tales  illustrative  of  the  Marvellous,  1808,  3  vols.  12mo. 
19.  The  Siege  of  Rochelle,  an  historical  novel  from  the 
French  of  Madame  de  Genlis,  1808,  3  vols.  12mo.  20.  Not 
at  Home ;  a  Comedy,  1809,  Svo.  21.  The  New  Conspiracy 
against  the  Jesuits  detected  and  briefly  exposed;  with  a 
short  account  of  their  institutes,  and  observations  on  the 
danger  of  systems  of  education  independent  of  religion, 
1815,  Svo.  22.  Recollections  of  the  Life  of  Lord  Byron, 
from  the  year  1808  to  the  end  of  the  year  1814,  1824,  Svo. 

"It  certainly  does  appear  that  Mr.  Dallas,  from  the  first  to  the 
last  of  his  intimacy  with  Lord  Byron,  did  every  thing  that  a  friend, 
with  the  feelings  of  a  parent,  could  do  to  win  his  lordship  to  the 
cause  of  virtue,  but  unhappily  in  vain." — Lon.  Gentleman's  Mag. 

Mr.  Dallas  died  at  St.  Adresse,  in  Normandy,  at  the  ripe 
age  of  seventy. 

Dallas,  Thomas,  Surgeon.  On  the  Treatment  of  a 
Polypus  in  the  Pharynx  and  (Esophagus ;  Ess.  Phys.  and 
Lit.,  iii.  525,  1771.  Sequel  to  the  preceding,  by  Dr.  Monro, 
iv.  534.  Fatal  Histories  of  different  Tetanic  Complaints, 
in  which  the  most  powerful  remedies  were  employed  in 
vain;  Annals  of  Med.,  iii.  323,  1797. 

Dallas,  W.  S.  1.  Nat.  Hist,  of  the  Animal  Kingdom, 
Lon.,  1856,  p.  Svo.  2.  Elements  of  Entomology,  1857,  p.  Svo. 

"In  every  thing  essential  the  book  is  excellent  and  will  prove  a 
useful  guide  for  the  entomological  student." — Annals  of  Nat.  Hist. 

Dallaway,  Mrs.  Harriet.  A  Manual  of  Heraldry 
for  Amateurs,  Lon.,  1828,  12rno. 

"  A  useful  work ;  the  descriptions  are  concise  and  simple.  Some 
copies  have  the  cuts  emblazoned." 

Dallaway,  James,  1763-1834,  a  native  of  Bristol, 
England,  was  educated  at  Trinity  College,  Oxford;  Rector 
of  South  Stoke,  Sussex,  1799;  Vicar  of  Letherhead,  Surrey, 
1801.  He  officiated  for  some  time  as  chaplain  and  physi 
cian  to  the  British  Embassy  at  the  Porte.  He  paid  much 
attention  to  antiquarian  pursuits.  1.  Letters  of  Bishop 
Rundell  to  Mrs.  Sandys,  Oxf.,  1789,  2  vols.  Svo.  2.  Inqui 
ries  into  the  Origin  and  Progress  of  the  Science  of  Heraldry 
in  England,  Gloucester,  1793,  4to. 

"  The  author  of  this  elegant  and  erudite  work  has  here,  with  the 
pen  of  a  Tacitus,  accurately  defined,  in  a  most  comprehensive  man 
ner,  the  rise  and  progress  of  the  science  of  heraldry,  from  the  earliest 
through  the  most  interesting  period  of  British  history,  accommo 
dating  the  study  to  modern  systems." — Moulds  Bibl.  Heraldica. 

In  this  work  Mr.  D.  reprinted  the  part  of  the  celebrated 
"Boke  of  St.  Alban's,"  printed  in  1486,  which  relates  to 
Armorial  Bearings.  3.  Constantinople,  Ancient  and  Mo 
dern,  1797,  4to.  4.  Letters  and  Works  of  Lady  Mon 
tagu,  from  her  Original  MSS.,  with  Memoirs  of  her  Life, 
1805,  5  vols.  Svo.  5.  Anecdotes  of  the  Arts  in  Eng 
land,  1800,  Svo.  6.  Walpole's  Anecdotes  of  Painting 
in  En-gland,  considerably  enlarged,  1806;  1828,  5  vols. 
r.  Svo. 

"An  admirable  piiblication;  quite  a  treasure,— beautiful  alike 
in  paper,  printing,  and  engraving,  and  truly  excellent  in  every 
thing  which  depended  upon  the  talents  and  exertions  of  its  editor." 
~Lon.  Literary  Gazette. 

"  The  Lives  of  the  Painters  by  Walpole,  with  notes  by  the  Rev. 
Mr.  Dallaway,  form  five  perfectly  resplendent  volumes.  In  the 
good  old  times  of  Bibliomania  this  work  would  have  walked,  of  its 
own  accord,  into  the  mahogany  book-cases  of  half  the  Collections 
in  London." — Dibdiri's  Bibliomania. 

7.  History  of  the  Western  Division  of  the  County  of  Sus- 
1  sex,  1815,  '19,  imp.4to;  vol.  i.and  vol.  ii.  parti.  500  copies 


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were  printed,  of  which  300  of  the  1st  vol.,  and  470  of  the 
1st  part  of  the  2d,  were  destroyed  by  fire  at  Bensley's  print 
ing  office,  Bolt  Court,  June  26,  1819.  Parochial  Topogra 
phy  of  the  Rape  of  Arundel ;  new  ed.  by  Cartwright,  and 
Cartwright's  Hist,  of  the  Rape  of  Bramber,  (forming  vol. 
ii.  of  Dallaway's  Western  Sussex,)  2  vols.  imp.  4to,  1830- 
32.  Cartwright's  Hist,  of  the  Rape  of  Bramber  was  pub. 
to  complete  Dallaway's  work,  and  should  not  be  neglected 
by  the  collector. 

8.  Observations  on  English  Architecture,  military,  eccle 
siastical,  and  civil,  1806,  8vo;  1833. 

"  Mr.  Dallaway  has  collected  all  the  most  striking  facts  respecting 
the  Saxon,  Norman,  and  Gothic  Architecture.  Those  who  desire 
to  collect  materials  respecting  the  history  and  character  of  the  Eng 
lish  Gothic  Architecture,  will  find  much  that  is  valuable  in  this 
volume;  it  will  indeed  be  especially  serviceable  to  architectural 
students." — Lon.  Athenaeum. 

9.  Statuary  and  Sculpture  among  the  Ancients,  1816,  8vo. 
350  copies  were  printed,  of  which  200  were  destroyed  by 
fire  at  Bensley's  printing  office.     10.  William  Wyrcestre 
Redivivus,  Bristol,  1823,4to.  11.  Notices  of  Ancient  Church 
Architecture  in  the  15th  Century,  Lon.,  1823, 4to.     12.  Pic 
tures  exhibited  in  the  Rooms  of  the  British  Institution 
from  1813  to  1828.     In  the  Archseol.,  xv.  231,  1803,  will  be 
found  an  account  by  Mr.  D.  of  the  Walls  of  Constantinople. 

Dallaway,  J.  J.     The  Map  Pedometer,  4to. 
Dallaway,  R.  C.     The  Servant's  Monitor,  Lon.,  1815, 
12mo.     Observations  on  Education,  12mo. 

Dallington,  Sir  Robert,  d.  1637,  aged  76,  a  native 
of  Geddington,  Northamptonshire,  was  "  bred  a  Bible  clerk 
(as  I  justly  collect)  in  Bene't  College;  and  after  became  a 
schoolmaster  in  Norfolk." — Fuller's  Worthies.  Wood  says 
he  was  a  Greek  scholar  in  Pembroke  Hall.  A  Book  of 
Epitaphes  made  upon  the  death  of  the  Right  Worshipfull 
Sir  Win.  Buttes.  To  this  work,  consisting  of  poems  in 
Latin  and  English,  contributions  were  made  by  Thomas 
Corbold,  Henrie  Gosnolde,  <fec.  It  is  now  very  rare.  A 
Method  for  Trauell,  shewed  by  taking  the  View  of  France 
as  it  stoode  in  1598,  Lon.,  by  Thos.  Creede,  8vo.  Inscribed 
"To  all  gentlemen  that  have  trauelled.— Rob.  Dallington." 
Survey  of  the  Great  Duke's  State  in  Tuscany,  in  the  year 
1596,  1604,  '05,  4to.  Aphorisms,  <fcc.  ;  2d  ed.,  1629,  with 
the  clause  of  Guicciardine  defaced  by  the  Inquisition. 

"  He  had  an  excellent  wit  and  judgment :  witness  his  most  accu 
rate  aphorisms  on  Tacitus."— Fuller's  Worthies. 

Dallowe,  Timothy.  Boerhaave's  Chemistry,  with 
the  author's  correct,  and  emendat,  Lon.,  1795,  2  vols.  4to 

Dally,  FrankFether.  Apotheosis  of  Shakspeare,  and 
other  Poems,  Lon.,  1848,  8vo.  The  Channel  Islands,  1858. 

Dalrymple,  Alexander,  1737-1808,  an  eminent  hy- 
drographer,  was  a  son  of  Sir  James  Dalrymple,  Bart.,  of 
New  Hailes.  In  his  16th  year  he  went  out  as  a  writer  in 
E.  I.  Company's  service,  and  was  placed  in  the  secretary's 
office.  In  1779  he  was  appointed  Hydrographer  to  the  E. 
I.  Company,  and  in  1795,  upon  the  establishment  by  the 
Admiralty  of  a  similar  office,  Dalrymple  was  selected  to 
fill  the  post.  He  took  a  lively  interest  in  voyages  of  dis 
covery.  We  notice  a  few  of  Mr.  D.'s  many  publications. 
See  list  in  European  Mag.,  Nov.  and  Dec.  1802,  and  in 
Watt's  Bibl.  Brit. 

Account  of  the  Discoveries  in  the  South  Pacific  Ocean 
previous  to  1764,  Lon.,  1767,  8vo.  He  states  in  his  Histo 
rical  Collection,  that  but  few  copies  of  the  above  were 
printed,  and  that  "it  was  not  published  until  some  time 
after,  when  it  was  reported  that  the  French  had  discovered 
the  Southern  Continent,  the  great  object  of  all  his  re 
searches." 

An  Historical  Collection  of  the  South  Sea  Voyages 
Vol.  i.,  The  Spanish  Voyages ;  Vol.  ii.,  The  Dutch  Voyages,' 
2  vols.  4to,  1770-71.  The  collector  should  see  that  the  2d 
vol.  has  a  chronological  table,  and  a  vocabulary,  for  these 
are  frequently  wanting.  Both  Burney's  and  Dairy mple's 
Collections 

"  Are  by  men  well  qualified  by  science,  learning,  research,  and 
devotedness  to  their  object,  to  perform  well  what  they  undertook 
on  any  subject  connected  with  geography  and  discovery."— Steven 
son's  Voyages  and  Travels. 

"Dalrymple  is  a  great  name  in  the  annals  of  Navigation  and 
Hydrography,  and  the  present  collection  is  among  the  very  best 
of  his  works." — T.  F.  DIBDIN. 

Collection  of  Voyages,  chiefly  in  the  Southern  Atlantic 
Ocean,  1775,  4to. 

A  Letter  to  Dr.  Hawkesworth,  occasioned  by  some  ground 
less  and  illiberal  imputations  in  his  account  of  the  late 
Voyages  to  the  South,  1773,  4to. 

"The  indefatigable  Alexander  Dalrymple.  who  appears  to  have 
been  the  first  projector  of  the  expeditions  under  Wallis.  Cartaret 
and  Cook,  to  the  South  Seas,  in  which  he  was  not  permitted  to  join 
is  rather  severe  in  this  tract,  upon  some  parts  of  Dr.  Hawkesworth's 
account  of  these  voyages."— Rich's  Bibliotheca  Americana  Nova 


Observations  on  Dr.  Hawkesworth's  Preface  to  the  2d 
edit.,  1773,  4to. 

An  Historical  Journal  of  the  expeditions  by  sea  and  land 
to  the  North  of  California,  in  1768,  '69,  and  '70;  when 
Spanish  establishments  were  first  made  at  San  Diego  and 
Monte  Rey,  1790,  4to. 

"This  was  a  Spanish  MS.  presented  to  the  ingenious  and  inde 
fatigable  Mr.  Dalrymple  by  Dr.  Robertson.  Mr.  D.  had  it  translated 
by  Mr.  Revely,  and  enriched  it  with  other  corresponding  material, 
and  two  maps  of  this  hitherto  imperfectly  known  coast.  The  ac- 
(count  is  very  curious  and  interesting." — Lon.  Monthly  Ifeview.  See 
Rich's  Bibl.  Amer.  Nova  under  1790,  and  the  notice  ofDiario  His- 
torico  under  1770. 

The  Oriental  Repository,  1791-1808,  2  vols.  imp.  4to. 
This  is  a  valuable  collection  of  tracts  relating  to  the  com 
merce,  history,  manners,  and  natural  history  of  the  East 
Indies  and  China,  including  communications  from  Major 
Rennell,  Orme,  Wilkins,  Sir  W.  Jones,  Roxburgh,  <fcc.  The 
East  India  Company,  at  whose  charge  the  collection  was 
pub.,  took  100  of  the  250  copies  which  were  struck  off. 

Collection  of  English  Songs,  with  an  Appendix  of  ori 
ginal  pieces,  1796,  8  vo.  An  excellent  selection.  Catalogue 
of  Authors  who  have  written  on  Rio  de  la  Plata,  Paraguay, 
and  Chaco,  1809,  4to.  Dalrymple  pub.  some  papers  in 
Phil.  Trans.  In  the  London  Institution  is  a  very  complete 
copy  of  his  collection  of  plans  of  ports  in  the  East  Indies, 
with  descriptions,  a  MS.  index,  &c.  in  13  vols.  folio  and 
quarto. 

Dalrymple,  Campbell.  A  Military  Essay,  Lon., 
1761,  8vo. 

Dalrymple,  David,  Lord  Hailes,  son  of  the  pre 
ceding,  1726-1792,  a  native  of  Edinburgh,  was  a  learned 
and  industrious  lawyer  and  antiquarjr,  and  added  consider 
ably  to  the  historical  treasures  of  the  language.     In  1776 
he  became  Lord  Commissioner  of  the  Justiciary.     Many 
j  interesting  details  connected  with  his  literary  history  will 
I  be  found  in  Boswell's  Life  of  Johnson,  Tytler's  Life  of 
I  Lord  Kames,  and  Forbes's  Life  of  Beattie.     Sacred  Poems 
;  by  various  authors,  Edin.,  1751, 12mo.     A  Cat.  of  the  Lords 
j  of  Session  from  1532,  1767,  4to.     Memorials  and  Letters 
I  relating  to  the  Histories  of  Britain  in  the  reign  of  James 
I.,  Glasg.,  1762,  8vo;  1766,  8vo;  in  the  reign  of  Charles  I., 
1766,  sm.  8vo;  the  same,  with  account  of  the  preservation 
of  Charles  II.  after  the  battle  of  Worcester,  1766,  sm.  8vo. 
Secret  Corresp.  of  Sir  Robert  Cecil  with  James  VI.,  Edin., 
1766,  12mo.     Annals  of  Scotland,  1056-1370,  2  vols.  4to, 
1776-79;  1819,  3  vols.  8vo,  including  other  works. 

"  The  Memoirs  of  Dalrymple  contain  very  curious  information, 
and  will  give  important  hints  most  useful  to  every  inquirer  into 
the  Constitutional  History  of  England." — PROF.  SMYTH. 

"  It  is  in  our  language,  I  think,  a  new  mode  of  history,  which 
tells  all  that  is  wanted,  and,  I  suppose  all  that  is  known,  without 
laboured  splendour  of  language,  or  affected  subtility  of  conjecture. 
...  A  book  which  will  always  sell;  it  has  such  a  stability  of  dates, 
such  a  certainty  of  facts,  and  such  a  punctuality  of  citation,  I 
never  before  read  Scotch  History  with  certainty."— DR.  SAMUEL 
JOHNSON. 

"  Lord  Hailes's  Annals  of  Scotland,  it  is  believed,  stands  unri 
valled  in  the  English  language  for  a  purity  and  simplicity  of  style, 
an  elegance,  perspicuity,  and  conciseness  of  narration,  that  pecu 
liarly  suited  the  form  of  his  work,  and  is  entirely  void  of  that  false 
ornament  and  stately  gait  which  makes  the  works  of  some  other 
writers  appear  in  gigantic  but  fictitious  majesty  ."—Edinburgh  Mag. 
Remains  of  Christian  Antiquity,  with  Notes,  Edin.,  1766- 
80,  3  vols.  12mo.  Lord  H.  pub.  translations  of  Lactantius 
de  Justitia  and  other  works,  (see  list  in  Orme's  Bibl.  Bib.,) 
which  have  been  highly  commended : 

"  These  works  by  Lord  Hailes  are  among  the  most  elegant  speci 
mens  of  translation,  and  discover  a  profound  acquaintance  with 
the  most  minute  circumstances  of  early  Christian  antiquity. .  . . 
He  was  one  of  the  most  formidable  antagonists  of  Gibbon.  His 
Inquiry  into  the  Secondary  Causes  [pub.  1786,  4to:  new  ed.,  1808, 
12mo]  is  a  most  triumphant  exposure  of  the  sophistry  and  mis 
representations  of  that  artful  writer.  The  preceding  works  are 
now  become  scarce;  but  I  know  not  a  higher  treat  which  can  be 
enjoyed  by  a  cultivated  and  curious  mind  than  that  which  they 
afford."— Or mr's  Bibl.  Bib. 

"  They  would  have  been  admired  in  days  when  the  knowledge 
of  sacred  criticism  was  less  rare,  and  when  the  value  of  it  was  more 
justly  estimated."— DR.  ERSKINE. 

An  Examination  of  some  of  the  Arguments  for  the  High 
Antiquity  of  Reyiam  Majestatem;  and  an  Enquiry  into  the 
Authenticity  of  Leges  Malcomi,  1768,  4to.  Tracts  relative 
to  the  Hist,  and  Antiquities  of  Scotland,  1800,  4to.  One 
of  the  tracts  in  this  collection  was  rigidly  suppressed  imme 
diately  after  publication.  For  other  works  of  this  learned 
author  see  Watt's  Bibl.  Brit.  In  1826,  2  vols.  4to,  were 
pub.  his  Decisions  of  the  Lords  of  Council  and  Session 
from  1766  to  1791,  selected  from  the  original  MSS.  by  M. 
P.  Brown. 

Dalrymple,  Sir  Hew,  1652-1737,  of  North  Berwick, 
President  of  the  Court  of  Sessions.  Decisions  of  the  Court 
of  Sessions  from  1698  to  1718,  Edin.,  1758,  fol.;  1792. 


DAL 


DAL 


Dalrymple,  General  Sir  Hew  Whit eford,  Bart., 
1750-1830,  commander  of  the  army  in  Portugal,  great- 
grandson  of  the  above.  Memoir  of  his  Proceedings  as 
connected  with  the  Affairs  of  Spain  and  the  Commencement 
of  the  Peninsular  War,  Lon.,  8vo. 

"  It  forms,  with  the  documents  in  the  Appendix,  a  very  valuable 
and  authentic  addition  for  the  history  of  the  period  in  question." 
— United  Service  Journal. 

Dalrymple,  James,  first  Viscount  Stair,  1619-1695, 
was  one  of  the  Lords  of  Session,  President  Judge  of  the 
Court  of  Session,  Lord  Advocate  and  Secretary  of  State. 
Institutions  of  the  Law  of  Scotland  deduced  from  its  ori 
ginal,  and  collated  with  the  Civil,  Canon,  and  Feudal  Laws, 
and  with  the  Customs  of  our  neighbouring  Nations,  Edin., 
1681,  fol.;  2d  ed.,  1693;  3d  ed.,  1759;  4th  ed.,  with  Com 
mentaries  and  a  Supplet.  by  George  Brodie,  Edin.,  1825— 
32,  2  vols.  fol.  There  is  a  later  edit,  by  John  S.  More. 

"  A  work  surprisingly  in  advance  of  the  age  in  which  it  was  pro 
duced,  and  reflecting  honour  upon  the  name  and  family  of  its 
gifted  author."—  Warren's  Law  Studies,  2d  edit.,  887. 

"It  is  in  truth  to  be  regarded  as  a  Digest  of  the  judgments  of 
the  Court  of  Session,  reduced  to  order  according  to  the  spirit  and 
arrangement  of  the  Roman  jurisprudence." — G.  J.  BelVs  Commen 
taries  on  the  Law  of  Scotland,  vol.  i. — Preface. 

"  A  Treatise  on  General  Jurisprudence,  illustrated  by  reference 
to  the  Law  of  Scotland."  See  More's  edit. 

"  Our  own  greatest  judicial  authors  make  frequent  use  of  the 
writings  of  Lord  Stair,  who  is  often  cited,  for  instance,  by  Black- 
stone." — Warren's  Law  Studies,  888. 

Decisions  of  the  Lords  of  Council  and  Session,  1661— 
1681, 2  vols.  fol.,  1683-87.  Physiologia  Nova  Experiment- 
alis,  Lugd.  Bat.,  1686,  4to.  This  was  pub.  during  his  exile. 
An  Apologie  for  himself,  Edin.,  1690,  4to.  A  copy,  said  to 
be  unique,  is  in  the  Advocates'  Library.  In  1815  seventy- 
two  copies  were  printed  at  the  expense  of  Wm.  Blair,  Esq., 
for  the  members  of  the  Bannatyne  Club.  Modus  Litigandi, 
1681,  fol.  Vindication  of  the  Divine  Perfections,  illustrat 
ing  the  Glory  of  God  in  them  by  Reason  and  Revelation, 
Lon.,  1695,  4to. 

Dalrymple,  Sir  James,  Bart.  Collections  concern 
ing  the  Scottish  History  preceding  the  death  of  King 
David  I.,  anno  1153,  Edin.,  1705,  8vo.  Vindication  of  the 
Ecclesiastical  part  of  the  above,  Edin.,  1714,  8vo.  Sir 
James's  critic  was  Mr.  John  Gillane.  See  Gillane's  Life 
of  John  Sage. 

Dalrymple,  John,  5th  Earl  of  Stair,  d.  1789,  was 
called  the  "  Cassandra  of  the  State"  from  his  gloomy  pre 
dictions  concerning  matters  of  political  economy.  1.  The 
State  of  the  National  Debt,  Income,  and  Expenditure,  1776, 
fol.  2.  Facts  and  their  Consequences,  1782,  8vo.  3.  State 
of  the  Public  Debts.  4.  An  Attempt  to  balance  the  Income 
and  Expenditure  of  the  State,  1783,  8vo.  Appendix  to 
ditto.  5.  An  Argument  to  prove  that  it  is  the  Indispen 
sable  Duty  of  the  Public  to  insist  that  Government  do  forth- 


and  Algernon  Sydney,  elicited  several  responses  by  Joseph. 
Towers  and  others. 

"  Another  publication  remains  yet  to  be  mentioned,  which  de 
servedly  excited  the  attention  of  the  public  on  its  first  appearance, 
and  which  must  always  be  examined  with  great  care  by  every  in 
quirer  into  the  constitutional  history  of  England — the  Memoirs  of 
Dalrymple.  They  contain  very  curious  information ;  and  will  give 
very  important  hints  respecting  the  character  and  views  of  both 
the  Duke  of  York,  the  king,  and  the  popular  leaders,  and  put  the 
student  into  possession  of  the  state  secrets  of  the  reign." — Prof. 
Smyth's  Lectures  on  Modern  History. 

"This  Dalrymple  seems  to  be  an  honest  fellow;  for  he  tells 
equally  what  makes  against  both  sides.  But  nothing  can  be  poorer 
than  his  mode  of  writing;  it  is  the  mere  bouncing  of  a  schoolboy: 
'Great  He!  but  greater  She!'  and  such  stuff."— DR.  SAML.  JOHNSON. 

The  Rights  of  Great  Britain  asserted  against  the  claims 
of  America;  being  an  answer  to  the  declarations  of  the 
general  Congress,  Lon.,  1776,  8vo. 

"This  celebrated  performance  is  said  to  have  been  written, 
printed,  and  liberally  distributed,  both  in  Great  Britain  and  Ame 
rica,  at  the  instance  and  expense  of  government ;  but  whether  this 
be  true  or  not,  the  work  itself,  we  are  afraid,  will  answer  no  other 
purpose  than  to  exasperate  the  people  of  Great  Britain  against 
their  brethren  of  America,  and,  by  inflaming  misrepresentations 
and  invectives,  aggravate  the  evils  of  our  present  civil  discord." — 
Lon.  Monthly  Review. 

"  I  have  a  copy  of  the  EIGHTH  EDITION,  (printed  in  the  same  year ;) 
to  which  is  now  added  a  refutation  of  Dr.  Price's  State  of  the  na 
tional  debt;  which  belonged  to  Sir  James  Mackintosh,  who  has 
written  on  the  fly-leaf,  '  now  owned  to  be  by  Sir  John  Dalrymple.' " 
— Rich's  Bibl.  Americana  Nova,  under  1776,  p.  237. 

Dalrymple,  John,  1804-1852,  b.  at  Norwich.  Ana 
tomy  of  the  Human  Eye,  Lon.,  1834,12rno.  Pathology  of  the 
Human  Eye  :  complete  in  nine  fasciculi,  imp.  4to,  1849,  &c. 

'•  The  value  of  this  work  can  scarcely  be  overestimated." — Brit, 
and  For.  Medico-dfiir.  Review. 

"  The  most  truly  valuable  work  upon  the  pathology  of  the  hu 
man  eye  which  has  yet  appeared."— Dublin  Quarterly  Journal. 


As  practically  useful  as  it  is  beautiful."— ion.  Lancet. 
Dalrymple,  Major  Wm.     Travels  through  Spain 
and  Portugal  in  1774,  Lon.,  1777, 4to.     Treatise  on  Military 
Tactics,  1781,  8vo. 

Dalrymple,  Wm.,  D.D.,  d.  1813,  aged  90.  History 
of  Christ,  1787,  8vo.  Family  Worship  explained;  in  four 
Serms.,  1787,  8vo. 

Dalrymple,  Wm.  Treatise  on  the  Culture  of  Wheat, 
1800,  8vo. 

"  This  work  treats  of  wheat  on  strong  and  light  lands,  the  rota 
tions  of  cropping,  seed,  and  sowing,  and  steeps  or  brines.  The  ideas 
are  not  very  enlightened,  and  now  far  superseded."— Donaldson's 
Agricult.  Biog. 

Dalton,  Edward.     The  Jesuits,  their  Principles  and 
Acts,  Lon.,  1843,  18mo. 
"  Very  useful."— BICKERSTETH. 

Six  Serms.,  1844, 18mo.  Thoughts  for  Each  Day,  1844, 
18mo.  Life  of  Joseph,  1846,  12mo. 

Dalton,  J.     15  Serms.     A  Serm.,  1771,  '73,  8vo. 
Dalton,  James.     A  strange  and  true  relation  of  a 
with  bring  forward  the  Consideration  of  the  State  of  the     young  Woman  possest  with  the  Devill,  Lon.,  1647,  4to. 
Nation,  1783,  8vo.     6.  On  the  proper  Limits  of  Govern-  j       Dalton,  John,  1709-1763,  Fellow  of  Queen's  Coll., 
ment's  Interference  with  the  Affairs  of  the  East  India  Com 
pany,  1784,  8vo.     7.  Address  to,  and  Expostulation  with, 
the  Public,  1784,  8vo.     Comparative  State  of  the  Public 
Revenues  for  the  Years  ended  10th  Oct.  1783,  and  10th 
Oct.  1784,  '85,  8vo.     Other  publications.     See  Park's  Wai- 
pole's  R.  and  N.  Authors. 

Dalrymple,  Sir  John,  1726-1810,  a  Baron  of  Exche 
quer  in  Scotland,  and  father  to  the  present  Earl  of  Stair. 
An  Essay  towards  a  General  History  of  Feudal  Property 
in  Great  Britain,  Lon.,  1757  and  1758,  8vo,  and  4th  edit., 
1759,  12mo.  Highly  esteemed.  Considerations  on  the  Po- 
Acy  of  Entails  in  a  Nation,  Edin.,  1765,  8vo. 

"  The  Considerations  on  Entail  is  one  of  the  best  defences  that 

has  been  put  forth  of  their  policy.     It  appears  to  have  been  prin-  !  he  treated." — R.  D.  THOMSON,  M.D.,  &c. 
cipally  intended  as  an  answer  to  the  following  tract,  [A  Free  Dis- I       2    English   Grammar,   1801,   8vo. 

Law  of  Entails  in  Scotland,  Ac.,  Edin.,     Chemicai  Philosophy.     Part  1st,  1808,  8vo.     Part  2d,  Man 
ns  are  vigorously  and  ably  attacked."-  i  chegte     1810    8vo\  -part  3>  1827.     Chemical  Con.  to  Nic. 

!  Jour.,  1806,  '11 ;  to  Annals  of  Phil.,  1813,  '14.     See  Rich's 

to  be  Exported  when  the  Price  is  Low  at  Home,  on  Paying     Cyc    of  Biog     1854,   and  ^^^Win^omBonJ, 
a  Duty  to  the  Public?  Lon.,  1781,  8vo.  i  Cyclopaedia  of   Chemistry;    also  Brit.  Quar.  Rev.,  i.  157, 

"  A  well-written  pamphlet,  in  which  the  question  is  answered  in     »nd  Westm.  Rev.,  xlv. 


Oxf.;  Prebendary  of  Worcester;  Rector  of  St.  Mary-at- 
Hill.  Two  Epistles,  1744,  4to.  Poem  on  the  Coal  Mines 
near  Whitehaven,  &c.,  1755,  4to.  Remarks  on  12  Designs 
of  Raphael.  Serms.,  1745,  '47,  '55.  Serms.,  1757. 

"The  discourse  on  Peace  is  one  of  the  best  sermons  which  we 
remember  to  have  read  on  the  subject."— ion.  O>-itical  Review. 

Dalton,  John,  1767-1844,  a  native  of  Eaglesfield, 
Cumberland,  was  a  teacher  of  mathematics  at  Manchester. 
He  made  some  valuable  contributions  to  chemistry :  the 
Atomic  theory;  theory  of  Mixed  Gases ;  meteorological  ob 
servations,  Ac.  Meteorological  Observations  and  Essays, 
Lon.,  1793,  8vo. 

All  of  which  have  thrown  much  light  on  the  subject  of  which 

3.  New  System  of 


the  affirmative." — Ubi  supra. 

Memoirs  of  Great  Britain  and  Ireland,  from  the  Disso 
lution  of  the  last  Parliament  of  Charles  II.,  until  the  Sea 
Battle  off  La  Hogue.  With  the  Supplement  and  Appen 
dices,  3  vols.  4to,  Edin.,  1771,  '73,  '88.  New  edit.,  with  a 
continuation  till  the  capture  of  the  French  and  Spanish 
Fleets  at  Vigo,  Lon.,  1790,  3  vols.  8vo. 

"  Dalrymple  was  the  first  to  procure  access  to  the  despatches  of  1 
Barillon,  the  French  minister  at  the  Court  of  James  II.,  and  thereby 


Dalton,  Maria  R.  The  Vicar  of  Lansdowne;  a  Tale, 
Lon.,  1789,  2  vols. 

Dalton,  Michael,  M.P.,  1554-1620,  an  English  law 
yer.  1.  The  County  Justice,  1619,  fol. ;  10  or  12  edits. : 
last  1746,  fol. 

"  A  book  which,  though  not  a  judicial  authority,  is  of  consider 
able  weight."— Marvin's  Leg.  Bibl.,  251 ;  3  Bos.  <£•  PuL,  254;  1  Brod. 

2.'  Officium  Vicecomitum,  the  Office  and  Authority  of 


,  .,  erey 

unveil  the  state  secrets  of  the  reign,  and  in  particular  the  fact  that  Sheriffs;  with  an  Appendix,  Lon.,  168^,  I7UU,  lol. 

the  leaders  of  the  Whigs  were  in  the  pay  of  Louis  XIV."  There  is  a  MS.  of  his  in  the  Brit.  Museum,  entitled  A 

See  Dalrymple's  second  volume.     The  statements  thus  Breviary  or  Chronology  of  the  State  of  the  Roman  or 

put  forth  respecting  the  character  of  Lord  William  Russell  i  Western  Church  or  Empire,  Ac. 


DAL 


DAN 


Dalton,  R.  Every  Man  his  own  Physician;  or  the 
present  Practice  of  Physic,  Lon.,  1780,  12mo. 

Dalton,  Richard,  d.  1791,  keeper  of  the  pictures, 
medals,  &c.,  and  antiquary  to  George  III.,  was  a  brother 
of  John  Dalton,  Prebendary  of  Worcester.  Explan.  of  a 
set  of  prints  relative  to  the  Manners,  Customs,  &c.  of  the 
present  inhabitants  of  Egypt,  Lon.,  1781,  fol.  Antiquities 
and  Scenery  in  Greece  and  Egypt,  1791,  fol.  These  en 
gravings  include  the  basso-relievos  discovered  in  Carla,  &c. 

Dalvimart,  M.     Costume  of  Turkey,  1802,  imp.  4to. 

Daly,  Charles  P.,  Judge  of  the  Common  Pleas,  N. 
York.  Historical  Sketch  of  the  Judicial  Tribunals  of  New 
York  from  1623  to  1846. 

Daly,  Daniel,  1595-1662,  an  Irish  Dominican  monk, 
founder  and  superior  of  a  college  of  his  order  at  Lisbon. 
Initiuin,  incrementum  et  exitus  familige  Giraldinorum  Des- 
inonire,  &c.,  Lisbon,  1655,  8vo. 

Daly,  Daniel,  Trial  between,  and  R.  Holies,  1803. 

Dalyell,  Sir  John  Graham,  d.  1851,  in  his  74th 
year.  Fragments  of  Scot.  History,  Edin.,  1798,  4to.  Scot. 
Poems  of  the  Sixteenth  Century,  1801,  8vo.  Tracts  on  the 
Nat.  Hist,  of  Animals  and  Vegetables,  &c.,  1803,  2  vols.  8vo. 
Illust.  of  Scot.  Hist,  1806,  8vo.  Monastic  Antiquities,  1809, 
8vo.  Ancient  MS.  of  Martial's  Epigrams,  1812,  8vo.  Lind 
say  of  Pitscottie's  Hist,  of  Scotland,  new  ed.  Darker  Super 
stitions  of  Scotland,  1834,  8vo.  Rare  and  Remarkable 
Animals  of  Scotland,  Lon.,  1847,  '48,  2  vols.  4to,  £6  6s. 

"  The  present  publication  will  not  only  prove  Sir  John's  inde 
pendent  discoveries  and  priority,  but  it  will  place  its  author  in  the 
first  rank  of  those  who  gain  deserved  honour  by  their  talent  for 
original  observation,  and  by  that  devoted  love,"  &c. — Annals  and 
Magazine  of  Natural  History,  Feb.  1848. 

Powers  of  the  Creator  Displayed  in  the  Creation,  1851- 
53,  2  vols.  4to,  £8  8«.  Other  works. 

Dalzel,  Andrew,  1750P-1806,  a  native  of  Ratho, 
near  Edinburgh,  was  Professor  of  Greek  in  the  University 
of  Edinburgh.  The  Plain  of  Tfoy,  from  Chevalier,  Edin., 
1791,  4to.  Drysdale's  Serms.,  with  Life,  <fcc.,  1793,  2  vols. 
8vo.  Analecta  Graeca  Minora  cum  Notis  Philologicis.  New 
edit,  with  notes  by  Rev.  J.  T.  White,  Lon.,  1849,  p.  8vo. 
Collectanea  Graeca  Majora,  Edin.,  1802,  '03,  2  vols.  8vo. 
Vol.  L,  4th  edit,  1840 ;  vol.  ii.,  8th  edit,  1845 ;  vol.  iii., 
1825.  Con.  to  Trans.  R.  Soc.,  Edin.,  ii.  3,  1790.  In  Mr. 
White's  edit,  of  Dalzel's  Analecta  Graeca  Minora,  a  portion 
of  the  long  extracts  from  Lucian  has  been  retrenched,  and 
the  place  supplied  by  selections  from  Arrian  and  ^Elian. 
The  notes  are  written  in  English,  and  the  Greek  Lexicon 
nas  been  remodelled  and  enlarged.  Substance  of  Lectures 
on  the  Ancient  Greeks,  1821,  8vo.  See  a  review  in  Lon. 
Quarterly  Review,  xxvi.  243. 

Dalzel,  Archibald,  Governor  of  Whydah,  and  after 
wards  of  Cape  Coast  Castle,  in  Africa.  The  History  of  Da- 
Homey,  Lon.,  1793,  4to. 

"  The  official  situation  which  the  author  held  gave  him  opportu 
nities  of  gaining  much  valuable  information  of  this  kingdom  and 
its  inhabitants,  the  accuracy  of  which  may  be  depended  on." — 
Stevenson's  Voyages  and  Travels. 

Dalzel,  James.  Short  Genealogy  of  the  Family  of 
Maitland,  Earl  of  Lauderdale,  Edin.,  1785,  4to.  Privately 
printed. 

Daman,  or  Damon,  Wm.,  one  of  Queen  Elizabeth's 
Musicians.  The  Psaumes  of  Dauid  in  English  meter,  Lon., 
1579,  long  8vo.  Guil.  Damon,  his  Psalmes,  in  foure  p&rtes, 
1591,  4to. 

Damberger,  C.  F.  Travels  in  the  Interior  of  Africa, 
Lon.,  1801,  8vo;  from  the  German.  Of  these  celebrated 
fictitious  travels,  written  in  a  garret  in  London,  two  trans 
lations  were  published  in  1801. 

Darner,  Hon.  Mrs.  Diary  of  her  Tour  in  Greece, 
Turkey,  Egypt,  and  the  Holy  Land,  Lon.,  2  vols.  p.  8vo, 
1841,  '42. 

"The  Hon.  Mrs.  Darner,  a  descendant  of  Lady  Mary  Wortley 
Montagu,  successfully  rivals  her  ladyship  in  the  very  features  in 
which  she  has  so  long  been  considered  the  most  delightful  of  tour 
ists.  Such  pictures  of  Turkish  private  life  as  are  here  given,  it  is 
vain  to  look  for  elsewhere." — Lon.  New  Monthly  Mag. 

"  Information  that  cannot  but  be  considered  of  unrivalled  inter 
est  in  every  part  of  the  Christian  world." — Lon.  Sun. 

Damets,  Dr.  Juan.  Hist  of  the  Baliarick  Islands, 
or  Kingdom  of  Majorca,  Lon.,  1719,  8vo. 

Damon,  Wm.    See  DAMAN. 

Dampier,  George.  Cure  for  bites  of  Mad  Creatures, 
Phil.  Trans.,  1698. 

Dampier,  Thomas,  D.D.,  Dean  of  Rochester.  Serm., 
1782,  4to. 

Dampier,  Capt.  Wm.,  b.  1652,  a  celebrated  naviga 
tor,  was  a  native  of  Somersetshire.  A  sketch  of  his  voyages 
is  contained  in  Chalmers's  Biog.  Diet,  and  in  the  Biogra 
phic  Universelle ;  but  the  reader  should  not  neglect  to  pe 


ruse  the  voyages,  the  best  edit,  of  which  will  be  found  in 
the  Collection  pub.  in  1729,  Lon.,  4  vols.  8vo.  Contents : 
1.  Capt.  Dampier's  Voyages  round  the  World.  2.  Voyages 
of  Lionel  Wafer.  3.  Voyage  round  the  World,  by  W.  Fun- 
nell,  Mate  to  Capt.  Dampier.  4.  Capt.  Cowley's  Voyage 
round  the  Globe.  5.  Capt  Sharp's  Journey  over  the  Isth 
mus  of  Darien,  and  Expedition  into  the  South  Seas.  6.  Capt. 
Wood's  Voyage  through  the  Streights  of  Magellan.  7.  Mr. 
Roberts's  Adventures  and  Sufferings  among  the  Corsairs 
of  the  Levant. 

Dampier's  Account  of  a  New  Voyage  round  the  World 
was  pub.  in  1697,  3  vols.  8vo ;  1699,  2  vols.  8vo;  1703,  3 
vols.  8vo.  Voyage  to  New  Holland,  1781,  <fec.  Besides 
several  edits.,  the  substance  of  his  story  has  been  transfer 
red  into  many  Collections  of  Voyages. 

"  It  is  not  easy  to  name  another  Voyager  who  has  given  more 
useful  information  to  the  World,  and  to  whom  the  Merchant  and 
Marine  are  so  much  indebted." — BURNET. 

"Unequalled  as  an  observer,  and  gifted  with  the  most  remark 
able  powers  of  description." 

Dan,  Archdeacon.  Discourse  of  the  Army  of  the 
King  of  Spain,  assembled  at  Lisbon  against  England, 
Lon.,  1588,  8vo. 

Dana,  Charles  Anderson,  b.  August  8,  1819,  at 
Hinsdale,  N.H.  He  entered  Harvard  Univ.  in  1839,  but, 
owing  to  a  disease  of  the  eyes,  he  remained  there  but  two 
years,  and  received  an  honourable  dismissal.  He  suc 
cessively  edited  The  Harbinger,  a  Weekly  Journal  devoted 
to  Social  Reform  and  General  Literature ;  the  Boston  Chro- 
notype;  and  in  1847  he  became  connected  with  the  N.Y. 
Tribune,  and  is  now  (1858)  one  of  its  proprietors,  and,  in 
the  absence  of  Mr.  Greeley,  editor-in-chief.  He  edited  the 
Household  Book  of  Poetry,  N.Y.,  1858,  8vo,  pp.  793. 

"  Dana's  Household  Book  of  Poetry  is  a  success.  Everybody  is 
glad  to  have  in  a  single  volume  the  English  poems  to  which  they 
habitually  love  to  refer." — HENRY  T.  TUCKERMAN. 

In  connexion  with  Geo.  Ripley,  he  is  editing  Appleton's 
New  American  Cyclopaedia,  to  be  completed  in  15  vols. 
8vo.  See  RIPLEY,  GEORGE. 

Dana,  E.  Geographical  Sketches  of  the  Western 
Country ;  for  Emigrants  and  Settlers,  Cin.,  1819,  12mo. 

Dana,  Francis,  LL.D.,  d.  1811,  aged  68,  Chief  Jus 
tice  of  Massachusetts,  was  a  descendant  of  Richard  Dana, 
who  died  at  Cambridge  about  1695.  Francis  Dana  was 
envoy  to  Russia  during  the  American  Revolution,  a  mem 
ber  of  Congress,  and  of  the  Massachusetts  Convention  for 
adopting  the  national  Constitution.  In  politics  he  was  a 
decided  and  energetic  Federalist.  His  Correspondence 
whilst  in  Europe  will  be  found  in  Sparks's  Diplomatic  Cor 
respondence,  vol.  viii.  We  shall  hereafter  have  occasion 
to  notice  the  literary  productions  of  Judge  Dana's  distin 
guished  son,  RICHARD  H.  DANA. 

Dana,  James,  D.D.,  d.  1812,  aged  77,  a  minister  of 
New  Haven,  was  a  native  of  Massachusetts.  Examination 
of  Edwards's  Inquiry  on  the  Freedom  of  the  Will,  Boston, 
1770, 8vo.  Anon.  The  Examination  Continued,  New  Ha 
ven,  1773; — with  his  name — 3  Serms.  in  Amer.  Preacher, 
vol.  i  and  iii.  Serms.,  1763,  '64,  '67,  '70,  '74,  '90,  '91,  '92, 
'94,  '95,  1801,  '05,  '06.  See  Allen's  Amer.  Biog.  Diet, 

Dana,  Professor  James  Dwight,  b.  1813,  at  Utica, 
New  York,  is  a  son  of  James  Dana.  1.  A  System  of  Mine 
ralogy.  1st  edit,  New  Haven,  1837,  8vo,  pp.  572;  2dedit, 
N.  York,  1844,  pp.  634;  3d  edit,  1850,  pp.  712;  4th  edit, 
1854,  2  vols.,  pp.  320  and  354  ;  5th  ed.,  1858,  8vo. 

"This  work  does  great  honour  to  America,  and  should  make  us 
blush  for  the  neglect  in  England  of  an  important  and  interesting 
science." — Lon.  Athenaeum. 

2.  Manual  of  Mineralogy,  New  Haven,  1849,  12mo; 
1851,  pp.  432.  3.  Report  on  Zoophytes;  United  States 
Exploring  Expedition  under  Commander  Charles  Wilkes, 
U.S.N.,  pp.  740,  4to,  with  an  Atlas  in  folio,  of  61  plates, 
Phila.,  1846.  Report  on  Geology,  (Ibid,)  pp.  756,  4to,  with 
an  Atlas  in  folio  of  21  plates,  New  York,  1849.  Report  on 
Crustacea,  2  vols.  4to,  pp.  1620,  with  an  Atlas  in  folio  of 
96  plates,  1852.  Mr.  Dana  has  been  since  1846  one  of  the 
editors  of  The  American  Journal  of  Science,  and  to  this  pe 
riodical  and  the  proceedings  of  the  following  learned  bodies 
he  has  contributed  many  valuable  papers  :  The  proceedings 
of  the  Academy  of  Natural  Sciences  at  Philadelphia;  the 
Academy  of  Science,  Boston ;  the  Lyceum  of  Natural  His 
tory,  N.  York ;  the  American  Association  for  the  Advance 
ment  of  Science. 

Dana,  Professor  James  Freeman,  M.D.,  1793- 
1827,  grandson  of  Judge  Samuel  Dana,  and  son  of  Luther 
Dana,  was  Professor  of  Chemistry  and  Mineralogy  at  Dart 
mouth  College,  and  subsequently  Professor  of  Chemistry 
in  the  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons  at  New  York. 

Outlines  of  the  Mineralogy  and  Geology  of  Boston  and 


DAN 


DAN 


its  Vicinity,  Boston,  1818,  8vo;  written  in  conjunction  with 
his  brother,  Samuel  L.  Dana,  M.D.  An  Epitome  of  Che 
mical  Philosophy,  1825,  8vo.  He  contributed  to  several 
journals.  See  Thacher's  Med.  Biog.;  Cat.  N.  H.  Hist. 
Soc.,  ii.  290. 

Dana,  James  G.  Reports  of  Select  Cases  decided 
in  the  Court  of  Appeals  of  Kentucky,  1834-40,  Frankfort, 
9  vols.  8vo. 

Dana,  Joseph,  D.D.,  1742-1827,  a  minister  of  Ips 
wich,  Massachusetts.  Discourses,  1782,  '95,  '99,  1800,  '01, 
'06,  '07,  '18. 

Dana,  Richard  Henry,  b.  1787,  at  Cambridge,  Mas 
sachusetts,  is  a  son  of  FRANCIS  DANA,  (v.  ante,)  successively 
minister  to  Russia,  member  of  Congress,  and  Chief  Justice 
of  Massachusetts.  The  first  of  the  family  who  settled  in 
America  (about  the  middle  of  the  17th  century)  was 
Richard  Dana,  a  descendant  of  William  Dana,  Sheriff  of 
Middlesex  during  the  reign  of  Queen  Elizabeth.  After  a 
course  of  three  years'  application  to  his  studies  at  Harvard 
College,  he  adopted  the  profession  of  the  law,  which  he 
may  be  said  to  have  inherited,  as  his  father  and  grand 
father,  and  his  mother's  father  and  grandfather,  were  all 
gentlemen  of  the  long  robe.  Mr.  Dana's  health  was  not 
robust,  and  this  impediment  to  active  exertion,  combined 
with  an  inclination  to  authorship,  caused  him  to  close  his 
office,  and  assume  a  portion  of  the  mingled  pleasures  and 
pains  attendant  upon  a  partial  editorship  of  the  North 
American  Review,  in  conjunction  with  his  relative,  Edward 
T.  Channing,  principal  manager  of  that  excellent  periodi 
cal.  Whilst  associate  editor — or  rather  assistant  in  the 
management — of  the  Review,  he  wrote  a  number  of  articles 
for  its  pages,  among  the  best  known  of  which  is  the  review 
of  Hazlitt's  Lectures  on  the  British  Poets.  We  may  here 
remark  that  Mr.  Dana  was  one  of  the  first  to  oppose  the 
despotic  sway  of  the  great  Jeffrey,  who  then  ruled  the  Re 
public  of  Letters  with  a  "rod  of  iron  ;" — one  of  the  first  to 
claim  for  Wordsworth  and  Coleridge  the  tribute  which  has 
since  been  so  heartily  accorded  to  them.  Mr.  Dana's  con 
nection  with  the  Review  ceased  in  1820,  and  soon  after  his 
withdrawal  from  the  North  American  Club,  he  began  The 
Idle  Man,  of  which  the  first  volume  appeared  in  1821. 
This  volume,  and  one  number  of  a  second,  compose  the 
whole  series  of  this  periodical.  It  was  unprofitable,  and 
Mr.  Dana  did  not  deem  it  a  duty  to  amuse  and  instruct  the 
public  at  his  own  expense.  In  The  Idle  Man  appeared 
Tom  Thornton,  a  novel;  his  other  stories,  and  several  es 
says.  In  1821  Mr.  Dana  contributed  to  The  New  York 
Review — under  the  editorial  care  of  his  friend,  Wm.  C. 
Bryant — his  first  poem,  The  Dying  Raven.  In  1827  he 
published  his  most  celebrated  production,  The  Buccaneer; 
some  other  poems  were  included  in  the  same  volume.  In 
1833  he  gave  to  the  world  an  edition  of  his  Poems  and 
Prose  Writings,  including  The  Buccaneer  and  other  pieces 
embraced  in  his  previous  volume,  with  some  new  poems, 
and  his  own  compositions  originally  published  in  The  Idle 
Man.  Since  1833  Mr.  Dana  has  written  but  little.  He 
has  contributed  a  few  articles  to  The  Literary  and  Theo 
logical  Review,  and  The  Spirit  of  the  Pilgrims,  and  a  few 
poems  to  a  magazine  published  under  the  editorial  super 
intendence  of  the  Rev.  Dr.  Griswold ;  to  whose  works  on 
American  Authors  we  are  indebted  for  the  facts  contained 
in  this  notice. 

We  must  not  omit  to  notice,  as  among  the  most  valuable 
of  Mr.  Dana's  contributions  to  the  intellectual  wealth  of 
his  country,  a  course  of  ten  lectures  upon  Shakspeare,  de 
livered  in  the  winters  of  1839  and  '40  in  the  cities  of  Bos 
ton,  New  York,  and  Philadelphia.  Many  of  our  readers 
will  remember  the  interest  excited  among  the  more  intel 
ligent  classes  by  these  expositions  of  the  excellencies  of 
the  great  poet  of  human  nature  under  all  types  and  in  all 
ages.  A  collective  ed.  of  Mr.  Dana's  Poems  and  Prose 
Writings  was  pub.  N.  York,  1850,  2  vols.  12mo;  and  a 
vol.  entitled  The  Poetical  Works  of  Edgar  Allan  Poe  and 
Richard  H.  Dana  was  printed  by  Routledge,  Lon.,  1857, 
18mo,  pp.  260.  For  the  profit  of  the  reader,  we  give  some 
extracts  from  a  review  of  the  American  volumes  by  Mr.  S. 
G.  Brown  : 

«  No  one  can  rise  from  even  a  rapid  perusal,  without  a  fresh  im 
pulse  towards  the  noblest  objects  of  life ;  no  one  can  become  familiar 
•with  them  without  being  unconsciously  led  to  a  habit  of  serious 
thought,  and  finding  his  best  affections  most  cherished,  and  his 
sympathies  with  the  beautiful,  the  good,  and  the  true,  enlarged 
and  strengthened.  ...  An  exquisite  and  indescribable  delicacy 
and  gentleness  of  spirit  pervades  every  page,  and  beautifully  tinges 
the  thoughts  which  another  would  have  expressed,  if  at  all,  with 
a  glaring  obtrusiveness.  .  .  .  The  special  power  of  the  imagination, 
impenetrated,  warmed,  and  directed  by  the  affections,  gives  a  pe 
culiar  and  inimitable  vitality  to  the  style;  and  perhaps  there  is  no 
single  quality  of  Mr.  Dana's  mind  which  so  strongly  individualizes, 


elevates,  and,  as  we  may  say,  glorifies  his  writings.  In  the  gravest 
essay,  no  less  than  in  the  story,  you  fiill  upon  some  touching  ex 
pression  upon  almost  every  page,  to  which  the  heart  gave  birth, 
not  the  head.  .  .  .  After  these  quotations  it  surely  needs  no  word 
of  ours,  as  it  has  by  no  means  been  our  object,  to  vindicate  the 
claim  of  the  author  to  what  the  gentle  Sir  Philip  calls  'the  sacred 
name  of  Poet.'  That  verdict  was  given  long  since.  Accuracy  of 
observation,  a  wide  and  genuine  sympathy,  au  insight  into  the 
secret  heart  of  things,  a  just  judgment  and  ample  knowledge,  a 
fancy  to  paint  and  an  imagination  to  warm  and  enliven,  an  ear 
for  the  music  of  language,  and  a  mind  all  aglow  with  the  fire  of 
thought,  attest  the  truth  to  which  we, must  readily  assent." — 
North  Amer.  Review,  Ixxii.  115. 

The  reader  must  not  fail  to  peruse  a  notice  of  The  Buc 
cancer  in  Blackwood's  Magazine,  (xxxvii.  419, 1835,)  whicL 
the  famous  reviewer  introduces,  and  treats  throughout  in 
his  own  inimitable  style  : 

"  We  remember  some  years  ago  having  been  greatly  struck,  in 
Specimens  of  the  American  Poets — a  Collection  in  three  volumes, 
which  some  consummate  villain  has  stolen  from  us — with  The  Buc 
caneer,  by  Richard  H.  Dana.  It  is  included  in  this  volume,  [Selec 
tions  from  the  American  Poets,  Dublin,  1834,  l'2mo,]  and  we  pro 
nounce  it  by  far  the  most  powerful  and  original  of  American  poet 
ical  compositions.  The  power  is  Mr.  Dana's  own;  but  the  style — 
though  he  has  made  it  his  own  too — is  coloured  by  that  of  Crabbe, 
of  Wordsworth,  and  of  Coleridge.  lie  is  no  servile  follower  of  those 
great  masters,  but  his  genius  has  been  inspired  by  theirs — and  he 
almost  places  himself  on  a  level  with  them  by  this  extraordinary 
story — we  mean  on  the  level  on  which  they  stand  in  such  poems 
as  the  Old  Grimes  of  Crabbe,  the  Peter  Bell  of  Wordsworth,  and 
the  Ancient  Mariner  of  Coleridge.  The  Buccaneer  is  not  equal  to 
any  one  of  them,  but  it  belongs  to  the  same  class,  and  shows  much 
of  the  same  power  in  the  delineations  of  the  mysterious  workings 
of  the  passions  and  the  imagination.  The  opening  is  very  beau 
tiful.  ...  In  our  abridgment  the  Tale  has  seemed  almost  all  one 
uninterrupted  series  of  guilt  and  misery ;  but  sweet  and  soothing 
imagery  is  sometimes  very  skilfully  introduced  for  relief's  sake, 
and  sometimes,  too,  touches  of  tenderness  that  may  awaken  tears." 
— CHRISTOPHER  NORTH. 

A  notice  of  Mr.  Dana's  Thoughts  on  the  Soul,  by  F.  W. 
P.  Greenwood,  will  be  found  in  the  North  American  Re 
view,  xxx.  274:  We  quote  a  few  lines: 

"The  poet's  Thoughts  on  the  Soul  are  evidently  the  breathings 
of  his  own  soul;  and  his  words  flow  out  warmly  from  his  own 
heart.  There  is  a  serious  and  earnest  individuality  about  Mr.  Da 
na's  muse,  which  forbids  the  suspicion  that  she  can  be  playing  a 
part,  or  that  she  is  in  any  degree  otherwise  than  what  she  seems. 
The  love  which  she  demands  is  respectful  love,  the  homage  which 
is  rendered  to  the  beauty  of  holiness." 

Dr.  Griswold  also  notices  this  marked  individuality, 
which  is  so  striking  a  characteristic  of  Mr.  Dana's  compo 
sitions: 

;  The  strength  of  Mr.  Dana  lies  very  much  in  the  union  of  sen 
timent  with  imagination,  or  perhaps  in  an  ascendency  of  sentiment 
over  his  other  faculties.  It  is  this  which  makes  every  character 
of  his  so  actual,  as  if  he  entered  into  each  with  his  own  conscience, 
and  in  himself  suffered  the  victories  over  the  will,  and  the  remorse 
which  follows  them.  There  are  beautiful  touches  of  fancy  in  his 
tales,  but  as  in  his  poems,  the  fancy  is  inferior  and  subject  to  the 
imagination." 

See  also  N.  Amer.  Rev.,  vol.  v.,  (Wm.  C.  Bryant;)  Chris. 
Exam.,  xv.,  (C.  C.  Felton,)  xlviii.,  (E.  P.  Whipple:)  Amer. 
Whig  Rev.,  v.,  (Wm.  A.  Jones;)  Amer.  Quar.  Obs.,  ii., 
(E.  C.  Tracy;)  Lit.  and  Theol.  Rev.,  (Neh.  Adams;) 
Amer.  Quar.  Rev.,  iii. ;  Amer.  Month.  Rev.,  iv. ;  N.  Eng. 
Mag.,  v. ;  N.  Englander,  ix. ;  Knicker.,  xxxviii. ;  Phila. 
Mus.,  xxvL 

"The  Idle  Man,  which  came  out  in  numbers  in  1821,  '22,  not 
withstanding  the  cold  reception  it  met  with  from  the  public,  we 
look  upou  as  holding  a  place  among  the  first  productions  of  Ame 
rican  literature.  It  will  be  icferred  to  hereafter,  we  doubt  not, 
as  standing  apart  from  the  crowd  of  contemporary  writings,  and 
distinguished  by  a  character  of  thought  and  expression  peculiarly 
its  own.  One  reason  why  it  took  so  little  at  its  first  appearance, 
was  probably  the  hardihood  with  which  its  author  slighted  the 
usual  arts  of  attracting  the  public  attention,  and  conciliating  the 
public  favour.  It  was  not  a  work  that  reflected  the  passing  image 
of  the  day;  and  the  author  adopted  no  fashionable  modes  of  ex 
pression,  submitted  to  no  fashionable  canons  of  criticism,  copied 
no  popular  author,  and  intimated  no  consent  to  favourite  opinions. 
He  seems  to  have  fixed  his  attention  only  upon  what  he  thought 
the  permanent  qualities  of  literature,  and  his  work  is  one  which 
will  be  read  a  century  hence,  as  at  the  present  time.  .  .  .  The  style 
of  The  Idle  Man  is  genuine  mother  English,  formed  from  a  study 
of  the  elder  authors  of  the  language,  with  now  and  then  a  collo 
quial  expression  of  the  humblest  kind,  elevated  into  unexpected 
dignity,  or  an  obsolete  word  or  phrase  revived,  as  if  on  purpose  to 
excite  the  distaste  of  the  admirers  of  a  stately  or  a  inoderni/ed  dic 
tion.  It  is  free  from  all  commonplace  ornaments,  from  all  that 
multitude  of  stock  metaphors  and  illustrations  which  have  an 
swered  the  uses  of  authors  from  time  immemorial.  Add  to  this 
that  the  speculations  of  the  author  were  as  much  his  own  as  his 
style.  An  original  turn  of  thinking  is  not  the  surest  passport  to 
immediate  popularity.  It  is  much  easier,  and  sometimes,  much 
safer,  to  follow  one  who  thinks  in  the  common  track.  .  .  .  We  like 
this  work  [The  Buccaneer  and  other  Poems,  Boston,  1827,  8vo,  pp. 
113]  the  better,  perhaps,  because  some  of  its  merits  are  of  a  kind 
not  common  in  modern  poetry.  It  is  simple  and  severe  in  its  style, 
and  free  from  that  perpetual  desire  to  be  glittering  and  imaginative, 
which  dresses  up  every  idea  that  occurs  in  the  same  allowance  of 
figures  of  speech.  As  to  what  is  called  ambition  of  style,  the  work 


DAN 

does  not  contain  a  particle  of  it:  if  the  sentiment  or  image  pre 
sented  to  the  reader's  mind  be  of  itself  calculated  to  make  an  im 
pression,  it  is  allowed  to  do  so,  by  being  given  in  the  most  direct 
and  forcible  language ;  if  otherwise,  no  pains  are  taken  to  make  it 
pass  for  more  than  it  is  worth.  There  is  even  an  occasional  home 
liness  of  expression  which  does  not  strike  us  agreeably,  and  a  few 
passages  are  liable  to  the  charge  of  harshness  and  abruptness.  Yet, 
altogether,  there  is  power  put  forth  in  this  little  volume,  strength 
of  pathos,  talent  at  description,  and  command  of  language.  There 
is  the  same  propensity  as  was  exhibited  in  The  Idle  Man  to  deal 
•with  strong  and  gloomy  passions,  with  regret,  remorse,  fear,  and 
despair,  with  feelings  over  which  present  events  have  no  control 
except  to  exaggerate  them,  and  which  look  steadily  back  to  the" 
unalterable  past  or  forward  to  the  mysterious  future."— WM.  C. 
BRYANT:  TV.  Amer.  Rev.,  xxvi.  239. 

Dana,  Richard  Henry,  Jr.,  son  of  the  preceding, 
and  a  distinguished  member  of  the  Boston  Bar,  is  known  as 
the  author  of  Two  Years  before  the  Mast,  N.Y.,  1840,  24mo. 
"  This  is,  in  many  respects,  a  remarkable  book.  It  is  a  success 
ful  attempt  to  describe  a  class  of  men,  and  a  course  of  life,  which, 
though  familiarly  spoken  of  by  most  people,  and  considered  as 
within  the  limits  of  civilization,  will  appear  to  them  now  almost 
as  just  discovered.  To  find  a  new  subject  in  so  old  a  sphere  of 
humanity  is  something ;  and  scarcely  second  to  this  are  the  spirit 
and  skill  with  which  it  is  handled.  It  seems  as  if  the  writer  must 
have  been  favoured  with  a  special  gift  for  his  novel  enterprise. 
.  .  .  The  style  we  had  never  thought  of  as  a  distinct  thing,  till  we 
began  to  prepare  this  notice ;  and,  no  doubt,  because  it  calls  for  no 
separate  remark,  and  is  content  with  doing  its  work.  It  is  plain, 
straightforward  and  manly,  never  swollen  for  effect,  or  kept  down 
from  apprehension.  There  is  no  appearance  of  seeking  for  words; 
but  those  that  will  best  answer  the  purpose  come  and  fall  into 
their  proper  places  of  their  own  will ;  so  that,  whatever  the  transi 
tions  may  be,  the  composition  flows  on  with  natural,  stream-like 
varieties,  while  we  partake  of  the  changing  influences  without  a 
word  of  comment,  and  probably  with  little  consciousness.  This, 
we  suppose,  is  the  perfection  of  style,  so  far  as  impression  is  con 
cerned;  and  to  some  extent  it  will  always  be  found  in  an  intelli 
gent  writer,  who,  without  thinking  much  of  himself,  or  of  making 
a  sensation,  says  honestly  how  things  were,  and  how  they  affected 
him.  We  must  not,  however,  attribute  too  much  to  sincerity,  or 
even  to  intelligence.  Where  language  is  employed  with  singular 
fitness  and  ease,  a  writer  must  be  deep  in  the  secret  of  its  power, 
though  at  little  trouble  in  managing  it."— E.  T.  CHANNING:  North 
Amer.  Rev.,  Hi.  56.  See  also  Chris.  Exam.,  vol.  xxix. ;  Dem.  Rev., 
viii. ;  N.  York  Rev.,  vii. 

We  add  a  few  lines  from  a  transatlantic  critic : 
"  This  is  an  exceedingly  interesting  narrative,  depicting,  in  its 
true  colours,  what  is  the  real  life  of  a  sailor  before  the  mast.  It  is 
the  only  work  that  has  yet  appeared  from  the  pen  of  one  whose 
personal  experience  has  enabled  him  to  set  forth  to  the  public  what 
are  the  thoughts,  feelings,  enjoyments,  and  sufferings  of  our  sea 
men  ;  and  Mr.  Dana,  the  author  of  it,  has  been  most  successful  in 
his  delineation  of  them.  We  strongly  recommend  this  book  to  the 
attention  of  the  Tars  of  Old  England,  as  being  one  which  will  afford 
them  both  amusement  and  instruction.  The  fine  tone  of  manly 
feeling  and  tender  sympathy  which  runs  throughout  the  whole  of 
it.  will  not  only  suggest  to  them  how  they  may  make  themselves 
happy  in  their  condition  of  life,  but  how  they  may  encounter  and 
overcome  the  many  troubles  and  trials  to  which  their  hardy  pro 
fession  is  necessarily  exposed.  We  hope  to  hear  that  every  sailor, 
from  the  cabin-boy  to  the  captain,  has  procured  for  himself  a  copy 
of  it.  We  are  sure  one  perusal  of  it  will  amply  repay  him  both 
the  expense  and  time  taken  up  in  it. 

"  We  understand  from  competent  judges— /rom  seamen  themselves 
— that  it  is  the  only  book  that  has  yet  appeared  which  gives  any 
real  idea  of  the  lite  of  a  sailor.  Captain  Marryat's  novels  do  not 
depict  what  life  on  board  ship  is.  Much  of  what  is  reported  in 
them  to  have  passed  in  conversation  was  never  spoken,  and  never 
had  existence  but  in  the  fertile  imagination  of  the  novelist:  it  is, 
in  short,  as  far  different  from  the  real  life  and  character  of  the 
sailor,  as  it  possibly  can  be;  and  those  who  want  to  see  what  is  the 
true  character  of  the  man  on  board  ship,  have  yet  to  peruse  the 
work  of  this  estimable  young  man.  It  is,  in  fact,  a  voice  from  the 
common  sailor, — a  true  picture  of  his  thoughts,  feelings,  the  fore 
castle — a  faithful  simple  record  of  the  every-day  duty  of  enjoyments 
and  sufferings." 

Mr.  Dana  has  also  published  The  Seaman's  Friend,  con 
taining  a  Treatise  on  Practical  Seamanship,  with  plates,  a 
Dictionary  of  Sea  Terms,  Customs  and  Usages  of  the  Mer 
chant  Service,  1841, 12mo;  Lon.,1856,p.8vo.  Edited  Wash 
ington  Allston's  Lects.  on  Art,  and  Poems,  N.  Y.,  1850, 12mo. 
Dana,  Samuel  L.,  M.D.  Treatise  on  Diseases,  8vo. 
Essay  on  Manures,  N.  York,  1850,  12mo.  Muck  Manual 
for  Manures,  Lowell,  1851, 12mo.  See  DANA,  JAMES  FREE 
MAN,  M.D. 

Danby,  Thomas  Osborne,Earl  of,  subsequently 
Duke  of  Leeds.  Copies  and  Extracts  of  some  Letters  writ 
ten  to  and  from  the  Earl  of  Danby,  1676-78,  with  particu 
lar  Remarks  upon  some  of  them,  Lon.,  1710,  8vo.  Pub. 
by  his  Grace's  direction  to  exculpate  himself  from  the 
charges  laid  against  him  in  Parliament  in  1678.  See  Ar 
guments  in  the  Court  of  King's  Bench  on  his  Motion  for 
Bail,  1682,  fol.;  Memoirs  relating  to  his  impeachment, 
1711,  8vo. 

Dance,  George,  d.  1824.  A  Collection  of  72  Por 
traits  from  Life,  engraved  by  Wm.  Daniel,  Lon.,  1808-14, 
12  Nos.  2  vols  fol. 

Dancer.  History  of  the  Civil  Wars  of  Great  Britain 
and  Ireland,  1661,  fol. 


DAN 

Dancer,  John.  Plato  ami  Aristotle,  Lon..  1673, 12mo; 
Nicomede,  a  Tragi-Comedy,  1671 ;  Agrippa,  1675,  sm.  fol.  ; 
all  from  the  French.  With  Nicomede  will  be  found  a  Cata 
logue  of  all  the  English  Stage  Plays  printed  till  this  pre 
sent  year,  1671.  Dancer  trans.  Amynta,  a  Play  from  Tasso. 
All  of  his  trans,  are  scarce. 

Dancer,  Thomas.  Med.  and  botanical  works,  1781- 
1806. 

Dancy,  Mrs.  Elizabeth,  b.  1509,  second  daughter 
of  Sir  Thomas  More,  was  a  correspondent  of  Erasmus,  who 
praises  her  for  "her  pure  Latin  style,  and  genteel  way  of 
writing."  See  Ballard's  Memoirs  of  British  Ladies. 
Dane,  John,  D.D.  Serms.,  1705,  '10,  '11,  '12. 
Dane,  Nathan,  d.  1834,  aged  82,  a  native  of  Ipswich, 
Massachusetts,  founded  in  1829  the  Law  Professorship 
which  bears  his  name  at  Harvard  University.  Abridg 
ment  and  Digest  of  American  Law,  with  Notes  and  Com 
ments,  Boston,  1823,  9  vols.  8vo.  Appendix  to  ditto, 
1830,  8vo. 

"His  comments  exhibit  various  learning  and  close  reflection, 
and  his  illustrations  cannot  fail  to  assist  such  as  seek  for  aid  in 
those  obscure  parts  of  the  law  which  perplex  by  their  intricacy 
and  equivocal  direction." 

"  Although  the  Abridgment  is  a  work  of  great  labour,  and  an  ac 
knowledged  monument  of  its  author's  industry,  care,  and  accuracy, 
yet  it  has  never  been' a  great  favourite  with  the  profession,  from 
the  want  of  method  which  pervades  the  entire  work.  It  was  valu 
able  when  first  published,  but  is  now  nearly  superseded  as  a  book 
of  reference,  and  no  one  thinks  of  reading  it  as  an  elementary  trea 
tise.  Its  immethodical  plan  and  the  natural  changes  and  progress 
of  American  jurisprudence  have  almost  consigned  to  oblivion  the 
half-century's  toil  of  a  learned  jurist  and  a  true  philanthropist." — 
Marvin's  Legal  Bibl.,  252;  4  Amer.  Jurist,  Ixiii.  411;  (9)  411. 

"  A  liberal  and  learned  profession  will  hold  in  high  estimation 
the  labours  of  this  eminent  civilian  and  lawyer,  who,  for  half  a 
century,  has  made  American  jurisprudence  and  American  institu 
tions  his  peculiar  study;  and  every  lawyer,  instead  of  feeling  re 
gret  for  deficiencies,  ought  to  be  animated  with  sincere  gratification 
for  what  has  been  accomplished." — North  American  Review,  xxiii. 
1,  1826. 

When  we  add  to  the  above  tribute  a  consideration  of  the 
benefits  which  have  resulted  from  the  Dane  Law  School 
and  Dane  Professorship,  which  has  been  dignified  by  the 
learning  of  a  Story,  a  Greenleaf,  and  a  Parsons — we  feel 
authorized  in  claiming  for  Nathan  Dane  a  prominent  place 
in  the  first  rank  of  American  philanthropists.  It  were 
easy  to  add  to  the  catalogue  of  Mr.  Dane's  claims  to  the 
respectful  remembrance  of  his  countrymen. 

Danes,  John.  ALighttoLilie;  or  the  Latin  Tongue, 
Lon.,1631,8vo.  Paralfrpomena,  Orthographise,<fcc.,1638,4to. 
Danett,  Thos.  Historie  of  France,  from  the  death 
of  Charles  8th  till  the  death  of  Henry  2d,  1600,  4to.  The 
Description  of  the  Low  Countreys;  an  Epitome  out  of 
Guicchardini,  1593,  8vo. 

Danforth,  John,  1660-1730,  a  minister  of  Dorchester, 
Mass.  Serms.,  1697,  1710,  '16,  &c.  Poems,  1727,  &c. 

Danforth,  Samuel,  1626-1674,  a  minister  of  Rox- 
bury,  Mass.,  father  of  the  preceding,  was  a  native  of  Eng 
land.  Astronom.  descrip.  of  the  late  Comet,  Canib.,  New 
Eng.,  1665,  '66,  8vo.  Serms.,  1670,  <fec. 

Danforth,  Samuel,  1666-1727,  a  minister  of  Taun- 
ton,  Mass.,  son  of  the  preceding.     Eulogy,  1713.     Serm., 
1714.     He  left  in  MS.  an  Indian  Dictionary,  a  part  of  which 
is  now  in  the  library  of  the  Mass.  Historical  Society. 
Danforth,  Thos.     Theory  of  Chimnies,  1796,  8vo. 
Dangerfield,  J.     Short-hand,  Chelsea,  1814,  8vo. 
Dangerfield,  Thos.  Theolog.  treatises,  <fcc.,  1679-85. 
Daniel,  George.  The  Times;  or  the  Prophecy,  Lon., 
1812,  8vo;  2d  edit.,  1813.    Miscellaneous  Poems,  1812, 8vo. 
Daniel,  George.     Modern  Dunciad,  Virgil  in  Lon 
don,  and  other  Poems,  Lon.,  1835,  p.  8vo. 

"  This  modern  Pope,  whoever  he  be,  has  produced  a  Dunciad, 
which  the  stinging  bard  of  Twickenham  would  not  be  ashamed 
to  own.  The  bard  spares  neither  poet  nor  courtier;  and  in  the 
office  of  a  satirist,  he  speaks  with  the  boldness  of  Juvenal." — Lon. 
Monthly  Review. 

The  Missionary,  a  Poem,  1847,  sm.  4to.  Merrie  England 
in  the  Olden  Time,  1842,  2  vols.  p.  8vo.  This  is  an  in 
structive  and  amusing  volume.  The  good-humoured  anti 
quary  is  no  ignoble  philanthropist.  Democritus  in  London, 
<fcc.,  1852,  p.  8vo. 

Daniel,  Godfrey.  The  Christian  Doctrine,  in  six 
principles,  Dubl.,  1652,  8vo.  In  English  and  Irish. 

Daniel,  John.  Comfort  against  all  kinde  of  Calami- 
tie,  Lon.,  1576,  8vo.  This  is  a  trans,  from  the  Spanish  of 
Perez. 

Daniel,  John.  The  Jewish  Unction,  Lon.,  1651, 12mo. 
Daniel,  John.     Life  and  Adventures  of,  Lon.,  1751, 
12mo.     Written  in  imitation  of  Peter  Wilkins. 
Daniel,  Rev.  John.     Ecclesiastical  History  of  the 

Britons  and  Saxons,  1815,  8vo. 

473 


DAN 

Daniel,  Mrs.  Mackenzie.  The  Poor  Cousin,  1846, 
3  vols.  p.  8vo.  My  Sister  Minnie,  Lon.,  1848,  3  vols.  p.  8vo. 
Georgina  Hammond,  1849,  3  vols.  p.  8vo.  Other  works. 

"  Amongst  our  novelists  we  have  no  more  pure,  agreeable,  and 
genial  writer  than  Mrs.  Mackenzie  Daniel.  Georgina  Hammond 
is  certain  to  become  one  of  the  standard  novels  in  the  language, 
and  to  be  read  over  and  over  again, — portraying,  with  a  graphic 
pencil,  the  manners,  thoughts,  customs,  and  feelings  prevailing  at 
this  moment  among  large  classes  of  the  English  people." — Lon. 
Morning  Herald. 

Daniel,  Richard.    A  Copy  Book,  Lon.,  1664,  fol. 

Daniel,  Richard.    A  Poem,  Lon.,  1714,  fol. 

Daniel,  Richard,  Dean  of  Armagh.  A  Paraphrase 
on  some  Select  Psalms,  Lon.,1722,  8vo. 

Daniel,  Samuel,  1562-1619,  a  poet  and  historian, 
was  a  native  of  Taunton,  Somersetshire.  He  was  educated 
at  Magdalen  Hall,  Oxford,  and  was  subsequently  tutor  to 
the  celebrated  Anne  Clifford,  daughter  of  George,  Earl  of 
Cumberland,  and  afterwards  Countess  of  Pembroke.  Of 
his  personal  history  but  few  records  have  descended  to 
posterity,  and  later  researches  have  rendered  even  these 
questionable.  That  he  was  a  great  favourite  with  his  con 
temporaries,  we  have  ample  evidence.  For  some  years  he 
resided  in  a  small  house  in  the  parish  of  St.  Luke's,  Lon 
don,  associated  with  Shakspeare,  Marlowe,  Chapman,  and 
others,  and  towards  the  close  of  his  life  retired  to  a  farm 
at  Beckington  near  Philips-Norton,  in  Somersetshire.  Dis 
course  of  Rare  Inventions ;  a  trans,  from  Paulus,  Jovius, 
Lon.,  1585, 8vo.  Delia ;  contayning  certayne  sonnets,  1592, 
4to.  Delia  and  Rosamond  augmented,  1594,  4to.  The 
Tragedie  of  Cleopatra,  1594,  4to.  Historic  of  the  Ciuile 
Warres  betweene  the  Houses  of  York  and  Lancaster,  1595, 
4to;  in  verse.  Octavia  to  Antoninus,  1599,  8vo.  Mvso- 
philvs,  1599,  4to.  Epistles,  1601,  4to.  Poems,  1602,  fol. 
Certaine  small  poems,  with  the  tragedy  of  Philotus,  1605, 
8vo.  Defence  of  Ryme  against  Thomas  Campion,  1603, 
8vo.  A  Panegyrike,  1628,  4to.  Twelve  Goddesses,  1604, 
8vo.  The  Qveenes  Arcadia;  a  Pastorall  Trage-Comedie, 
1605,  4to.  Tethy's  Festival,  1610,  4to.  The  History  of 
England ;  Part  1,  reaching  to  the  end  of  K.  Stephen's  reign ; 
in  prose,  1613,  4to.  Part  2,  reaching  to  the  end  of  the 
reign  of  K.  Edw.  III.,  1618,  '21,  '23,  '34,  foL  Continued 
to  the  end  of  K.  Rich.  III.,  by  John  Russell ;  to  which  is 
added  Lord  Bacon's  Life  of  Henry  VII.,  Lon.,  1621,  '50. 
To  which  is  added  Hist,  of  Eng.  to  the  end  of  Henry  VI. 
See  Kennett's  Hist.  Certaine  small  Workes  heretofore  di 
vulged,  1611,  12mo.  Poem  on  the  Death  of  the  Earl  of 
Devon.  1623,  4to.  Plays  and  Poems,  1623, 4to.  Hymen's 
Triumph,  1623,  4to.  Collections  of  the  Hist,  of  Eng.  to 
the  end  of  Henry  III.,  1626,  fol.  Whole  Workes,  in  Poetry, 
1601,  fol.,  1 623,  4to.  Pub.  by  the  Author's  brother.  Bibl. 
Anglo-Poet,  £4 14s.  6d.  Works,  1631,  fol.  Poetical  Works, 
with  Mem.  of  his  Life  and  Writings,  1718,  2  vols.  12mo. 

"The  works  of  Samuel  Daniel  containe  somewhat  a  flat,  yet 
withal  a  very  pure  and  copious,  English,  and  words  as  warrantable 
as  any  man's,  and  fitter  perhaps  for  prose  than  measure." — BOLTON. 

"  For  sweetness  and  rhyming,  second  to  none." — DRUMMOND. 

Gabriel  Harvey,  in  his  Foure  Letters  and  Certaine  Son 
nets,  praises  our  author  for  his  efforts  to  enrich  and  polish 
his  native  tongue. 

"  One  whose  memory  will  ever  be  fresh  in  the  minds  of  those  who 
favour  history  or  poetry.  .  .  .  But  however  his  Genius  was  quali 
fied  for  Poetry,  I  take  his  History  of  England  to  be  the  Crown  of 
all  his  Works." — Langbaine's  Dramatick  Poets,  1691. 

"  His  father  was  a  master  of  musick;  and  his  harmonious  mind 
made  an  impression  on  his  son's  genius,  who  proved  an  exquisite 
poet.  He  carried  in  his  Christian  and  surname,  two  holy  prophets, 
his  monitors  so  to  qualify  his  raptures,  that  he  abhorred  all  pro- 
phaneness.  He  was  also  a  judicious  historian,  witness  his  lives  of 
our  English  Kings  since  the  conquest  until  Edward  III.,  wherein 
he  hath  the  happiness  to  reconcile  brevity  with  clearness,  qualities 
of  great  distance  in  other  authors.  ...  In  his  old  age  he  turned 
husbandman,  and  rented  a  farm  in  Wiltshire,  nigh  the  Devizes. 
I  can  give  no  account  how  he  thrived  thereupon.  For  though  he 
was  well  versed  in  Virgil,  his  fellow-husbandman-poet,  yet  there 
is  more  required  to  make  a  rich  farmer,  than  only  to  say  his  Georgics 
by  heart;  and  I  question  whether  his  Italian  Will  fit  our  English 
husbandry.  Besides,  I  suspect  that  Mr.  Daniel's  fancy  was  too  fine 
and  sublimated  to  be  wrought  down  to  his  private  profit."— Fuller's 

«  Though  very  rarely  sublime,  he  has  skill  in  the  pathetic ;  and 
bis  pages  are  disgraced  with  neither  pedantry  nor  conceit.  We  find, 
both  m  his  poetry  and  prose,  such  a  legitimate  and  rational  flow 
of  language  as  approaches  nearer  the  style  of  the  18th  than  the 
16th  century,  and  of  which  we  may  safely  assert,  that  it  never  will 
become  obsolete.  .  .  .  In  bis  Complaint  of  Cleopatra  he  has  caught 
Ovid's  manner  very  happily."— HE ADLET. 

"The  character  of  Daniel's  genius  seems  to  be  propriety,  rather 
than  elevation.  His  language  is  generally  pure  and  harmonious; 
and  his  reflections  are  just.  But  his  thoughts  are  too  abstract, 
and  appeal  rather  to  the  understanding  than  to  the  imagination 
or  the  heart;  and  he  wanted  the  fire  necessary  to  the  loftier  flights 
of  poetry." — SIR  EGERTON  BRYDGES. 

"  If  we  revert  to  the  sonnets  of  Daniel  which  were  published  in 

1592,  we  shall  there  find,  as  Mr.  Malone  had  previously  remarked, 

474 


DAN 

the  prototype  of  Shakspeare's  amatory  verse.  .  .  .  There  is  reason 
to  suppose  that  none  of  Shakspeare's  sonnets  were  written  before 
the  appearance  of  Daniel's  Delia.  .  .  .  There  is  also  in  Daniel  much 
of  that  tissue  of  abstract  thought,  and  that  reiteration  of  words, 
which  so  remarkably  distinguish  the  sonnets  of  our  bard. 

"  Sound  morality,  prudential  wisdom,  and  occasional  touches  of 
the  pathetic,  delivered  in  a  style  of  then  unequalled  chastity  and 
perspicuity,  will  be  recognised  throughout  his  work,  [The  Civil 
Wars  between  the  two  Houses  of  Lancaster  and  York ;]  but  neither 
warmth,  passion,  nor  sublimity,  nor  the  most  distant  trace  of  en 
thusiasm,  can  be  found  to  animate  the  mass.  .  .  .  But  these  histo 
rians  [Raleigh,  Hay  ward.  Knolles,  and  Lord  Bacon]  are  excelled, 
in  purity  of  style  and  perspicuity  of  narration,  by  Daniel,  whose 
History  of  England,  closing  with  the  reign  of  Edward  the  Third, 
is  a  production  which  reflects  great  credit  on  the  age  in  which  it  is 
written." — Drake's  Shakspeare  and  his  Times. 

Certainly  Daniel  succeeded  better  as  a  prose  historian 
than  as  a  poetical  annalist.  Drayton  speaks  of  him  as 

"  too  much  historian  in  verse. 

His  rimes  were  smooth,  his  metres  well  did  close; 
But  yet  his  manner  better  fitted  prose." 

"  It  is  the  chief  praise  of  Daniel,  and  must  have  contributed  to 
what  popularity  he  enjoyed  in  his  own  age,  that  his  English  is 
eminently  pure,  free  from  affectation  and  archaism,  and  from  pe 
dantic  innovation,  with  very  little  that  is  now  obsolete." — Hair 
lam's  Introduc.  to  the  Lit.  of  Europe. 

Read  a  review  of  Daniel's  poems  in  the  Retrospective 
Review,  viii.  227,  Lon.,  1823. 

Daniel,  Samuel.  Archiepiscopal  Priority  instituted 
by  Christ,  1642,  4to. 

Daniel, Samuel, M.D.  Dissertatio  de  Ictero,  1776,8vo. 

Daniel,  T.  British  Customs  of  the  Excise,  Lon., 
1752,  fol. 

Daniel,  Win.  Journal  of  his  Expedition  from  Lon 
don  to  Surat  in  India,  Lon.,  1702,  8vo. 

Daniel,  Win.     Treatise  on  Perspective,  1807,  12mo. 

"  Well  calculated  to  answer  the  end  for  which  it  was  designed." 
—Brit.  Critic. 

Daniel,  Rev.  Wm.  B.  Rural  Sports  or  Treatises 
on  Hunting,  Hawking,  Shooting,  Angling,  Fowling,  <fec., 
Lon.,  1801, '02,  2  vols.  4to.  Other  edits.,  1801,  5  vols.  8vo; 
1805,  3  vols.  imp.  4to;  1812, 3  vols.  r.  8vo,  and  large  paper 
in  4to;  Supplement,  1813,  r.  8vo,  4to,  and  imp.  4to.  En 
gravings,  principally  by  Scott.  The  value  of  this  splendid 
publication  is  well  known. 

Daniell,  E.R.  1.  Practical  Observations  on  the  New 
Orders  for  the  reg.  of  the  Prac.  and  Proceed,  of  the  Ct.  of 
Chancery,  Lon.,  1841,  8vo.  2.  Considerations  on  Reform 
in  Chancery,  Lon.,  1842,  8vo.  3.  Reports  of  Ca?es  argued 
and  determined  on  the  Equity  side  of  the  Ct.  of  Exchequer, 
1817-20  inclusive,  Lon.,  1824,  8vo.  4.  Practice  of  the 
High  Ct.  of  Chancery ;  2d  ed.  by  T.  E.  Headlam,  Lon., 
1845,  2  vols.  8vo;  1st  Amer.  edit,  by  J.  C.  Perkins,  Boston, 
1845,  3  vols.  8vo ;  and  2d  Amer.  edit.  Supplement  to  Da- 
niell's  Chancery  Practice,  by  T.  E.  Headlam,Lon.,1851,8vo. 

"  The  universal  opinion  of  the  Profession  has  stamped  upon  Mr. 
Daniell's  bookahigh  characterforusefulnessandgeneral  accuracy. 
It  has  become,  in  feet,  the  manual  of  the  Chancery  Practitioner." 
— Lon.  Law  Mag. 

"  We  have  no  hesitation  in  declaring  that  this  is  the  most  able 
work  which  has  ever  been  written  on  the  Practice  of  the  Court  of 
Chancery." — Lon.  Jurist. 

"  Undoubtedly  a  very  valuable  book." — HON.  ROGER  B.  TANEY, 
Chief  Justice  of  the  United  States. 

"  I  regard  the  work  as  alike  desirable  to  the  student,  the  Prac 
titioner,  and  the  Judge,  and  should  consider  no  Equity  Library 
complete  without  it."— HON.  EDWARD  KiNG,late  Pres.  Judge  Phila. 
Ct.  of  Common  Pleas. 

"Daniell's  Chancery  Practice  is,  perhaps,  the  most  elaborate, 
complete,  and  satisfactory  treatise  on  the  subject  that  has  appeared." 
— HON.  JOHN  B.  GIBSON,  late  Associate  Justice  of  the  Supreme  Court 
of  Penna. 

Daniell,  John  Frederick,  D.C.L.,  1790-1845,  b.in 
London.  He  was  a  pupil  of  Prof.  Brande,  and  in  1816,  in 
connexion  with  him,  he  commenced  the  Quarterly  Journal 
of  Science  and  Art,  the  first  twenty  vols.  of  which  were  pub. 
under  their  joint  superintendence.  In  1823  appeared  the 
1st  ed.  of  his  great  work,  entitled  Meteorological  Essays; 
2d  ed.,  1827 ;  3d  ed.,  1845,  2  vols.  8vo.  He  was  engaged 
in  revising  the  proofs  of  the  3d  ed.  at  the  time  of  his  death. 

"  This  was  the  first  synthetic  attempt  to  explain  the  general 
principles  of  meteorology  by  the  known  laws  which  regulate  the 
temperature  and  constitution  of  gases  and  vapours,  and  in  which 
the  scattered  observations  and  isolated  phenomena  presented  by 
the  earth's  atmosphere  were  considered  in  their  most  extensive 
and  general  bearings."— Knight's  Eng.  Cyc. 

Introduction  to  Chemical  Philosophy,  1839,  8vo;  2d  ed., 
1843,  8vo. 

Mr.  Daniell  takes  rank  as  one  of  the  most  distinguished 
scientific  men  of  the  nineteenth  century.  He  is  the  only 
individual  on  whom  all  the  three  medals  in  the  gift  of  the 
Royal  Society  were  bestowed.  For  a  very  carefully-pre 
pared  biographical  sketch  of  Mr.  D.,  and  a  list  of  his 
valuable  contributions  to  various  scientific  journals,  see 
Knight's  Eng.  Cyc.,  Div.  Biog.,  vol.  ii. 


BAN 

Daniell,  Saml.  African  Scenery  and  Animals,  Lon., 
1808  fol  Do.  Ac.  of  Ceylon,  1808,  fol.  Do.  Ac.  of  Southern 
Africa;  'engraved  by  Win.  Daniell,  1820,  r.  4to.  Views 
near  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope,  No.  1,  1804. 

Daniell,  Thomas,  1750-1840,  uncle  of  the  follow- 
in^  a  distinguished  painter  of  Oriental  scenery,  animals, 
Ac0/  See  Bohn's  Cat,  Lon.,  1841,  and  the  following  article. 

Daniell,  William  Daniell,  R.A.,  1769-1837, 
painter  and  engraver.  At  the  age  of  fourteen  he  accom 
panied  his  uncle,  Thomas  Daniell,  to  India.  They  spent 
ten  years  in  sketching  the  magnificent  scenery  from  Cape 
Comorin  to  the  Himalaya  Mountains.  Many  of  their 
drawings  were  afterwards  engraved  and  pub.,  the  original 
ed  of  which— Oriental  Scenery  and  Antiquities,  elephant 
folio  size,  6  vols.  (150  views)— was  completed  in  1808,  and 
pub  at  Two  Hundred  and  Ten  Pounds,  (£210.)  The  6th 
vol  was  executed  by  Thomas  Daniell.  The  coppers  were 
destroyed/  He  also  engraved  and  pub.  Picturesque  Voyage 
to  India-  Zoography,  in  conjunction  with  Mr.  W.  Wood; 
Animated  Nature,  2  vols. ;  The  Docks,  a  Series  of  Illustra 
tions  ;  The  Hunchback,  after  R.  Smirke,  R.A.  From  1814 
to  '25  he  was  chiefly  engaged  in  a  work  of  extraordinary 
labour,  entitled  a  Voyage  Round  Great  Britain.  He  was 
the  chief  contributor  to  the  Oriental  Annual.  See  H.  G. 
Bohn's  Guinea  Cat.,  Lon.,  1841. 

Danis,  H.  H.  Exercises  on  the  Anabasis  of  Xeno- 
phon,  Lon.,  12mo. 

Dannett,  Rev.  H.     Slave-Trade,  Lon.,  1788,  8vo. 

Danniston,  Gual.     Psalmi  Davidici,  8vo. 

Daiinye,  Robert,  D.D.    Serm.,  York,  1718,  4to. 

Daiisey,  Rev.  J.  C.    Hist,  of  the  English  Crusaders, 


Lon.,  1850,  imp.  4to.    Of  this 


beautiful  work  only  40  copies 


were  printed  for  sale,  at  £3  13s.  Qd.   It  is  executed  entirely 
on  stone,  in  the  black  letter,  with  31  plates,  Ac. 

Dansey,  Rev.  Win.  Arrian  on  Coursing:  The  Cyne- 
geticus  of  the  Younger  Xenophon,  Ac.,  and  an  Appendix 
rel.  to  the  Canes  Venatici  of  Classical  Antiquity,  1831, 
imp.  Svo. 

"  A  most  complete  and  almost  inexhaustible  fund  of  amusing, 
interesting,  practical,  and  instructive  information  on  the  subject." 
— Thacker  on  Coursing. 

Horse  Decanicse  Rurales,  or  a  Hist,  of  Rural  Deans, 
1835,  2  vols.  sm.  4to;  1844. 

"Abounding  in  solid  ecclesiastical  and  antiquarian  views." — 
ARCHDEACON  GODDARD. 

Dansie,John.  Mathemat.  Manual,  Lon.,  1627, 12rno. 
Danson,  F.  M.,  and  Lloyd,  J.  H.     Reports  of  Cases 
rel.  to  Commerce,  Manufac.,  Ac.  in  Cts.  C.  L.,Lon.,1830,8vo. 
Danson,  J.  F.,  and  G.  D.  Dempsey.     The  Inven 
tor's   Manual;  a  Treatise  of  the  Law  of  Patents,  Lon., 
1843,  Svo. 

"This  is  a  useful  manual." — Legal  Observer. 
See  CURTIS,  GEORGE  TICKNOR. 

Danson,  Thos.  Works  agst.  Quakers,  Ac.,  Lon., 
1659-94. 

Danverd,  John.  The  Royal  Oake,;-  the  Travels, 
Escapes,  Ac.  of  Charles  II.,  Lon.,  1660,  4to. 

D'Anvers,  Alicia.     Academia;  or  the  Humours  of 
the  University  of  Oxford,  in  burlesque  verse,  Lon.,  1691,4to. 
Danvers,  Arthur.     Serm.  on  Popery,  1736,  4to. 
D'Anvers,  Caleb,  of  Gray's  Inn.     The  Craftsman; 
being  a  Criticism  on  the  Hist,  of  the  Times,  Lon.,  1727, 
14  vols.  12mo.     See  BOLINGBROKE,  LORD.     Remarks  on 
the  History  of  England,  Lon.,  1743,  Svo. 

D'Anvers,  Henry.  Works  on  Baptism,  Ac.,  Lon., 
1674,  '75,  8vo. 

Danvers,  Henry.     Liberty  of  Conscience,  1649. 
Danvers,  Joseph.     Tipping  tipt  Justice,  Lon.,  Svo. 
D'Anvers,  Knightly.     A  Genl.  Abridgt.  of  the  Com 
mon  Law,  alphabetically  digested  under  proper  titles,  Lon., 
1705-13,  2  vols.  fol. ;  2d  edit.,  1725,  '32,  '37,  3  vols.  fol. 

This  is,  so  far  as  it  goes,  a  trans,  of  Rolle's  Abridgt.     It 
is  only  completed  to  the  title  Extinguishment, 
to  vol.  xviii.,  Viner's  Abridgt. 

Danyel,  John.  Songs  for  the  Lute,  Viol,  and  Voyce, 
1606. 

Darbey.     Vapour  Bath.     Med.  Com.,  ix.  305,  1785. 
Darby,  John.    Manual  of  Botany,  Macon,  1841, 12mo. 
Botany  of  the  Southern  States;  in  two  parts,  New  York, 
1855,  12mo. 

Darby,  Samuel.  Serms.,  1784,  '86. 
Darby,  Wm.,  d.  1827.  Descrip.  of  Louisiana,  1816, 
Svo.  Emigrant's  Guide,  1818,  Svo.  Tour  from  New  York 
to  Detroit,  1819.  Memoir  on  the  Geog.  and  Hist,  of  Flo 
rida,  1821.  New  edit,  of  Brookes's  Universal  Gazetteer, 
1823.  Maps  and  Plans. 

D'Arblay,  Madame  Frances,  1752-1840,  was  the 
second  daughter  of  CHARLES  BURNEY,  (q.  v.)  Musical  Doc- 


DAR 

tor,  and  was  a  native  of  Lynn  Regis,  Norfolk,  England. 
Much  of  what  might  otherwise  have  been  said  here  relative 
to  the  brilliant  and  intellectual  circle  in  which  Fanny  Bur- 
ney  moved  from  her  childhood  has  been  anticipated  in  our 
article  upon  Dr.  Burney.  We  may  add  that  the  circum 
stances  attendant  upon  the  composition  and  anonymous 
publication  of  Evelina  are  too  well  known  to  claim  repeti 
tion.  The  oft-told  story  was  never  so  well  told  as  by  the 
authoress  herself,  in  her  avowal  to  George  III.  Some  doubt 
has  been  expressed  relative  to  the  early  date  at  which  it  is 
asserted  Evelina  was  composed.  It  certainly  was  not  given 
to  the  world  until  1778,  when  Fanny  was  about  twenty-six. 
Had  the  work,  or  the  greater  portion  of  it,  been  lying  in 
MS.  for  nine  years  ?  Evelina  was  sold  for  £20 ;  but  this 
was  a  small  part  only  of  the  young  lady's  reward. 

"  Evelina  seems  a  work  that  should  result  from  long  experience, 
and  deep  and  intimate  knowledge  of  the  world :  yet  it  has  been 
written  without  either.  Miss  Burney  is  a  real  wonder.  What  she 
is,  she  is  intuitively.  Dr.  Burney  told  me  she  had  the  fewest  ad 
vantages  of  any  of  his  daughters,  from  some  peculiar  circumstances. 
And  such  has  been  her  timidity,  that  he  himself  had  not  any  sus 
picion  of  her  powers.  .  .  .  Modesty  with  her  is  neither  pretence 
nor  decorum ;  it  is  an  ingredient  of  her  nature ;  for  she  who  could 
part  with  such  a  work  for  twenty  pounds,  could  know  so  little  of 
its  worth  or  of  her  own,  as  to  leave  no  possible  doubt  of  her  hu 
mility."— DR.  JOHXSQN. 

The  testimony  of  a  still  more  distinguished  person  shall 
be  adduced  in  favour  of  the  merits  of  Cecilia,  pub.  four 
years  later : 

"  There  are  few — I  believe  I  may  say  fairly  there  are  none  at  all 
— that  will  not  find  themselves  better  informed  concerning  human 
nature,  and  their  stock  of  observation  enriched,  by  reading  your 
Cecilia.  ...  1  might  trespass  upon  your  delicacy  if  I  should  fill  my 
letter  to  you  with  what  1  fill  my  conversation  to  others;  I  should 
be  troublesome  to  you  alone  if  I  should  tell  you  all  I  feel  and  think 
on  the  natural  vein  of  humour,  the  tender  pathetic,  the  compre- 


hensive  and  noble  moral,  and  the  sagacious  observation,  that  ap 
pear  quite  throughout  this  extraordinary  performance.  ...  In  an 
age  distinguished  by  producing  extraordinary  women,  I  hardly 
dare  to  tell  where  my  opinion  would  place  you  amongst  them."— 
EDMUND  BURKE:  Letter  to  Miss  Burney,  Whitehall,  July  29,  1782. 

In  1786  occurred  the  most  unfortunate  event  of  Miss 
Burney's  Life — her  appointment  to  the  post  of  Second 
Keeper  of  the  Robes  to  Queen  Charlotte.  From  this  in 
tolerable  slavery — for  slavery  it  was,  notwithstanding  the 
kind  treatment  of  her  royal  patrons — she  was  relieved  in 
1791,  and  in  1793  she  married  a  French  refugee  officer,  the 
Count  D'Arblay.  In  1802  she  accompanied  her  husband  to 
Paris,  and  was  obliged  to  remain  in  France — the  Count  hav 
ing  entered  the  army  of  Napoleon — until  1812.  He  died 
in  that  year,  and  their  son,  the  Rev.  A.  D'Arblay  of  Cam- 
den  Town  chapel,  near  London,  followed  his  father  to  the 
grave  in  1832.  Madame  D'Arblay  attained  the  great  age 
of  eighty-eight,  dying  at  Bath  in  1840.  Her  other  produc 
tions,  which  by  no  means  fulfilled  "the  promise  of  her 
spring,"  were  Edwin  and  Elgitha,  a  Tragedy,  1795;  Ca 
milla,  which  was  pub.  by  subscription  in  1796,  and  paid 
her  three  thousand  guineas-;  and  The  Wanderer,  a  Tale  in 
5  vols.,  1814,  for  which  she  received  £1500.  She  also  pub. 
Brief  Reflections  relative  to  the  French  Emigrant  Clergy, 
1793,  8vo;  and  a  Memoir  of  her  father,  Dr.  Burney,  in 
1832,  3  vols.  Svo. 

The  Diary  and  Letters  of  Madame  D'Arblay  were  given 
to  the  world  in  7  vols.  p.  Svo,  1842-46.  The  unreserved 
and  comprehensive  character  of  the  lady's  journal  may  be 
inferred  from  her  prologue  : 

"  To  have  some  account  of  my  thoughts,  actions,  and  acquaint 
ance,  when  the  hour  arrives  when  time  is  more  nimble  than  me 
mory,  is  the  reason  which  induces  me  to  keep  a  journal; — a  journal 
in  which  I  shall  confess  every  thought — shall  open  my  whole  heart." 

Notwithstanding  their  egotism  and  prolixity,  certainly 
these  volumes  are  among  the  most  delightful  in  the  lan 
guage!  To  the  mere  novel-reader  they  are  charming;  to 
the  student  of  literary  history  and  English  manners,  in 
valuable.  We  must  refer  the  reader  to  a  review  of  this 
work  by  T.  B.  Macaulay,  (Edin.  Rev.,  Jan.  1843,)  and  to 
See  Pref!  |  notices  of  Madame  D'Arblay's  writings  in  the  London 
Quarterly  Review,  xi.  123,  Ixx.  134,  and  in  Blackwood's 
Magazine,  1.  784 : 

"  Miss  Burney  did  for  the  English  novel  what  Jeremy  Collier  did 
for  the  English  drama.  She  first  showed  that  a  tale  might  be 
written  in  which  both  the  feshionable  and  the  vulgar  life  of  London 
might  be  exhibited  with  great  force,  and  with  broad  comic  humour, 
and  which  yet  should  not  contain  a  single  line  inconsistent  with 
rigid  morality,  or  even  with  virgin  delicacy.  She  took  away  the 
reproach  which  lay  on  a  most  useful  and  delightful  species  of  com 
position.  She  vindicated  the  right  of  her  sex  to  an  equal  share  in 
a  fair  and  noble  promise  of  letters.  .  .  .  Burke  had  sat  up  all  night 
to  read  her  writings,  and  Johnson  had  pronounced  her  superior  to 
Fielding,  when  Rogers  was  still  a  schoolboy  and  Southey  still  In 
petticoats.  .  .  .  We  soon  discovered  to  our  great  delight  that  this 
Diary  was  kept  before  Madame  D'Arblay  became  eloquent.  It  is, 
for  the  most  part,  written  in  her  earliest  and  best  manner;  in  true 


Edin.  Review,  Jan.  1843. 


DAR 


BAR 


"The  Diary  is  a  work  unequalled  in  literary  and  social  value 
by  any  thing  else  of  a  similar  kind  in  the  language." — Lon.  Naval 
and  Military  Gazette. 

"  This  work  presents  an  unrivalled  combination  of  attractions. 
That,  extraordinary  man,  Johnson,  is  painted  far  better  than  he  is 
by  Boswell/' — Court  Journal. 

The  reviewer  in  the  London  Quarterly  quite  forgets  his 
gallantry  in  his  disgust  at  Miss  Fanny's  egotism: 

"The  interest  is  indeed  much  less  than  we  anticipated,  but  in 
all  the  rest— the  diffusiveness— the  pomposity— the  prolixity— the 
false  colouring— the  factitious  details— and.  above  all,  the  personal 
affectation  and  vanity  of  the  author,  this  book  exceeds  our  worst 
apprehensions.  ...  We  have  indeed  brought  before  us  not  merely 
the  minor  notabilities  of  the  day,  but  a  great  many  persons  whose 
station  and  talents  assure  them  an  historic  celebrity.  .  .  .  but 
when  we  come  a  little  closer,  and  see  and  hear  what  all  these  emi 
nent  and  illustrious  personages  are  saying  and  doing,  we  are  not  a 
little  surprised  and  vexed  to  find  them  a  wearisome  congregation 
of  monotonous  and  featureless  prosers,  brought  together  for  one 
single  object,  in  which  they,  one  and  all,  seem  occupied,  as  if  it 
were  the  main  business  of  human  life — namely,  the  glorification 
of  Miss  Fanny  Burnty — her  talents — her  taste — her  sagacity — her 
•wit — her  manners — her  temper — her  delicacy — even,  her  beauty — 
and,  above  all,  her  modesty  /"—Vol.  Ixx.  244. 

Allan  Cunningham's  summary  of  the  merits  and  de 
merits  of  the  author  of  Evelina  is  drawn  up  with  his  usual 
taste  and  judgment.  We  must  content  ourselves  with  a 
brief  extract: 

"  Her  works  are  deficient  in  original  vigour  of  conception,  and 
her  characters  in  depth  and  nature.  She  has  considered  so  anx 
iously  the  figured  silks  and  tamboured  muslius  which  flutter  about 
society,  that  she  has  made  the  throbbings  of  the  hearts  which  they 
cover  a  secondary  consideration.  .  .  .  Fashion  passes  away,  and 
the  manners  of  the  great  are  unstable,  but  natural  emotion  be 
longs  to  immortality." — Biog.  and  Crit.  Hist.  oftfie  Lit.  of  the  last 
Fifty  Tears. 

Darch,  John.     Sermon,  1766,  4to. 

Darcie,  or  Darcy,  Abraham.  Original  of  Idola 
tries  ;  a  trans.,  1624, 4to.  Darcy  "  fathered  this  book  upon 
Isaac  Casaubon,  and  was  imprisoned  in  consequence."  See 
Fuller's  Church  History.  Annales :  The  True  and  Royall 
Hist,  of  Elizabeth,  Queene  of  England,  France,  and  Ireland, 
1625,  4to. 

"  A  translation  of  Caniden,  from  the  French,  by  Abraham  Darcy, 
who,  according  to  Dr.  Fuller,  understood  not  the  Latin,  and  has 
therefore  committed  many  mistakes." — BP.  KICOLSON. 

Other  works. 

D'Arcy,Patrick,Count,  1725-1779,  a  native  of  Gal 
loway,  Ireland,  served  in  the  French  army.  1.  Essai  sur 
1'Artillerie,  1760-62.  2.  Memoire  sur  la  Duree  des  Sensa 
tions  de  la  Vue,  1765.  3.  Sur  la  Theorie  de  la  Lune,  1749. 

4.  Sur  la  Theorie  et  Pratique  de  l'Artillerie,  1766.     5.  Nou- 
velle  The"orie  d'Artillerie,  1766.     6.  Recueil  de  Pieces  sur 
un  Nouveau  Fusil,  1767.     He  made  experiments  in  elec 
tricity  and  mechanics. 

"Condorcet  fit  son  eloge  a  1'academie  des  sciences.  Plusieurs 
de  ses  ecrits  sont  inseres  dans  les  Memoires  de  1'academie  des  in 
scriptions." — Biographic  UniverseUe. 

Dare,  Wm.     Serm.  before  the  Freemasons,  1747,  8vo. 

Darell,  Lt.  Col.  Sketches  of  China,  India,  and  the 
Cape,  1853,  fol. 

Darell,  or  Darrell,  John.  Treatises  on  possession 
by  devils,  1600,  '02,  '41.  A  Detection  of  that  Discours  of 

5.  Harsnet,  entitled  a  Discoverie  of  the  fraudulent  prac 
tices  of  John  Darrell,  1609,  4to. 

"  In  this  treatise  '  full  of  sound  and  fury,'  Darrell  has  contrived 
to  render  it  somewhat  doubtful  whether  he  was  a  dupe  or  an  im 
postor." — GIFFOKD;  and  see  Bliss's  Wood's  Athen.  Oxon. 

Darell,  John,  was  employed  from  1615  to  1665  in  the 
affairs  of  the  East  Indies.  East  India  Trade  first  disco 
vered  by  the  English,  Lon.,  1651,  4to.  Strange  News  from 
Indies,  1652, 4to.  The  Second  part  of  Amboyna,  1665,  4to. 

Darell,Rev.Wm.  Hist,  of  Dover  Castle,Lon.,1786,4to. 

Darker,  John.  A  Breviary  of  Military  Discipline, 
Lon.,  1692,  8vo. 

Darley,  George,  combines  two  characters  which  are 
not  thought  to  be  peculiarly  compatible — mathematician 
and  poet.  Poems.  Sylvia,  or  the  May  Queen,  Lon.,  1827, 
12mo.  Familiar  Astronomy,  1830,  12mo.  Popular  Alge 
bra,  3d  edit,  1836, 12mo.  Geometrical  Companion,  2d  edit., 
1841,  12mo.  Ethelstan,  a  Dramatic  Chronicle,  1841,  8vo. 
Geometry,  5th  edit,  1844,  12mo.  Errors  of  Extasie  and 
other  Poems,  8vo.  Trigonometry,  3d  edit,  1849,  12mo. 

"  No  prose  or  poetry  can  be  further  from  the  sonorous  school  of 
Addison,  and  nowhere  can  we  find  rhythmical  cadences  of  greater 
beauty  than  in  some  occasional  passages  of  Darley."— .4  critic  in 
Arcturus :  see  Griswold's  Poets  and  Poetry  of  England. 

"George  Darley  is  a  true  poet  and  excellent  mathematician 
there  is  much  compact  and  graceful  poetry  in  his  May  Queen ;  and 
in  The  Olympian  llevels  a  dramatic  freedom  and  fervour  too  sel 
dom  seen  in  song." — Cunningfuim's  Biog.  and  Crit.  Hist,  of  Lit  for 
the  last  Fifty  Years,  1833. 

Darley,  J.  R.     Treatise  on  the  Dramatic  Literature 
of  the  Greeks,  Lon.,  1840,  8vo.     Homer,  with  Questions, 
1848,  12rno. 
476 


Darley,  John.     Chelsea  College,  Lon.,  1662,  4to. 
Darley,  W.  F.     Public  G.  Statutes  rel.  to  Ireland, 
Dubl.,  1841,  5  vols.  8vo.      General  Orders  Ct  Court  of 
Chancery  in  Ireland,  &c.,  1843,  12mo. 

Darling,  J.  J.  Powers  and  Duties  of  Law  Officers, 
Lon.,  8vo.  Practice  of  the  Court  of  Session,  Scotland,  2 
vols.  8vo. 

Darling,  James.  Cyclopaedia  Bibliographica;  A 
Library  Manual  of  Theolog.  and  General  Literature,  and 
Guide  for  Authors,  Preachers,  Students,  and  Literary  Men. 
Analytical,  Bibliographical,  and  Biographical.  Vol.  i.. 
composed  of  21  Nos.,  1852-54.  Vol.  ii.,  Parts  1  to  5, 
1857.  We  heartily  recommend  this  truly-valuable  work — 
to  which  our  pages  have  been  frequently  indebted — to 
every  one  who  possesses  knowledge,  and  every  one  who 
seeks  it.  Vol.  i.  contains  Authors  and  their  works,  alpha 
betically  arranged.  In  many  cases  the  volumes  are  care 
fully  dissected,  so  that  the  reader  can  see  at  a  glance  the 
topics  discussed,  and  turn  at  once  to  the  portion  which 
contains  the  matter  sought  for.  In  the  second  volume  the 
"whole  of  the  matter  contained  in  the  first  is  arranged 
under  heads  or  common  places  in  scientific  order,  with  an 
Alphabetical  Index,  by  which  any  subject  can  be  readily 
referred  to;  and  all  authors  of  any  authority  who  have 
ritten  on  it  are  at  once  exhibited,  with  the  titles  of  their 
Works,  Treatises,  Dissertations,  or  Sermons,  and  a  refer 
ence  to  the  volumes  and  pages  where  they  are  to  be  found." 
"  Mr.  Darling  has  been  an  eminent  theological  bookseller  in  Lon 
don  for  at  least  forty  years.  He  has  brought  all  his  bibliographical 
knowledge  to  bear  upon  this  most  valuable  and  accurate  work. 
All  the  leading  English  journals,  both  ecclesiastical  and  secular, 
episcopal  and  non-episcopal,  unite  in  commending  its  plan  and  exe 
cution."— T.  H.  HORNE,  D.D.,  Assist.  Lib.  Brit.  Mus.,  in  a  Utter  to 
the  author  of  this  Dictionary,  Aug.  31,  1858. 
Darling,  John.  Carpenter's  Rule,  Lon.,  1658,  8vo. 
Darling,  P.  M.  Romance  of  the  Highlands,  1810. 
Darlington,  William,  M.D.,  LL.D.,  b.  1782,  in  Bir 
mingham  township,  Chester  co.,  Penn.,  was  brought  up  to 
Agriculture  till  18  years  of  age.  In  1800  he  commenced 
the  study  of  Medicine  under  Dr.  John  Vaughan  of  Wil 
mington,  Del.,  and  in  1804  he  graduated  M.  D.  in  the  Uni 
versity  of  Penn.  In  1806,  '07  he  made  a  voyage  to  India 
as  ship's  surgeon.  During  the  last  40  years  he  has  filled 
several  important  positions  of  trust  under  the  General  Go 
vernment,  as  well  as  that  of  his  native  State.  The  degree 
of  LL.D.  was  conferred  by  Yale  College.  Dr.  Darlington 
has  spent  a  long  life  in  the  pursuit  of  Botany,  his  favourite 
science,  in  which  he  has  obtained  an  enviable  reputation. 
The  following  are  his  principal  works:  1.  Mutual  Influence 
of  Habits  and  Disease,  Svo,  1804-06.  2.  Flora  Cestrica, 
1st  ed.,  1826;  2d,  1837;  3d,  1853.  This  work  has  been 
favourably  noticed  by  the  greatest  botanists  of  Europe. 
3.  Edited  Reliquiae  Baldwiniae,  1843, 8vo.  4.  Agricultural 
Botany,  1847.  5.  Edited  Memorials  of  John  Bartram  and 
Humphrey  Marshall,  Phil.,  1849,  r.  Svo.  These  works  have 
all  been  favourably  reviewed  in  Silliman's  Journal,  q  v. 
Darnell,  W.  N.  Sermons,  Lon.,  1816,  8vo. 
Darracott,  R.  W.  Sermons,  1756,  12mo. 
Dart.  Complaint  of  the  Black  Knight;  from  Chaucer, 
1718,  Svo. 

Dart,  J.  H.  Suggestions  for  a  General  Registry,  Lon., 
1844,  Svo.  Compendium  of  the  Law  and  Practice  of  Ven 
dors  and  Purchasers  of  Real  Estate,  2d  edit,  Lon.,  1852, 
8vo.  Amer.  edit,  with  copious  Notes  and  References. 
Also  a  Preparatory  View  of  the  Existing  Law  of  Real  Pro 
perty  in  England  and  the  United  States,  by  Thos.  W.  Wa 
terman,  New  York,  1851,  Svo. 

"  I  have  examined  with  attention  Dart's  Vendors  and  Purchasers 
of  Real  Estate,  edited  by  Mr.  Waterman.  It  is  a  most  excellent 
practical  work." — HON.  LEWIS  H.  SANDFORD,  Judge  of  the  Superior 
Churt,  New  York. 

Dart,  John.  Hist  and  Antiq.  of  the  Cathedral  Church 
of  Canterbury,  Lon.,  1726,  fol.  Hist  and  Antiq.  of  the 
Abbey  Church  of  St.  Peter's,  Westm.,  1723,  2  vols.  fol. 
Darton,Nich.  Christ  the  True  Bishop,  Lon.,  1641, 4to. 
D'Arusmont,  Madame  Frances,  better  known  as 
Miss  Fanny  Wright,  d.  at  Cincinnati,  1852,  aged  57, 
made  herself  famous  in  America  about  1830  by  the  pro 
mulgation  of  some  foolish  doctrines,  which  we  understand 
she  subsequently  repudiated.  1.  Altorf ;  a  Tragedy,  Phila., 
1819,  Svo.  2.  Views  of  Society  and  Manners  in  America, 
Ac.  in  1818-20,  N.  York,  1821,  Svo ;  Lon.,  1821,  Svo.  3. 
A  Few  Days  in  Athens,  Lon.,  1822,  Svo. 

Darwall,  Mrs.  E.     Poems,  1794;  ditto,  1811. 
Darwall,  John.     Political  Lamentations,  1777,  4to. 
Darwin,  Charles,  1758-1778,  a  son  of  Erasmus  Dar 
win,  M.D.     Experiments  establishing  a  Criterion  between 
Mucilaginous  and  Purulent  Matter,  <fcc.,  Lichfield,  1780, 
Svo.     Pub.  by  his  father. 


BAR 

Darwin,  Charles.  Narrative  of  the  10  years' Voyage 
of  H.  M.  Ships  Adventure  and  Beagle,  Lon.,  1839,  3  vols. 
Svo.  Vol.  i.  by  Capt.  King;  ii.  by  Capt.  Fitzroy;  iii.  by 
Chas.  Darwin,  giving  an  account  of  his  discoveries  in  Nat. 
Hist.,  (Journal  of  Researches;  Nat.  Hist,  and  Geology, 
1839,  Svo.) 

"  Mr.  Darwin's  Journal  contains  many  valuable  contributions  to 
science.  I  cannot  help  considering  his  voyage  round  the  world  as 
one  of  the  most  important  events  for  Geology  which  has  occurred 
for  many  years." — Mr.  Wfteu-eWs  Address  to  the  Gfolog.  Soc. 

Zoology  of  the  Voy.  of  H.  M.  S.  Beagle,  1832-36.  Edited 
and  superintended  by  Charles  Darwin,  1843,  4to.  For  di 
visions  see  Rich's  Bibl.  Ainer.  Nova,  or  the  London  Pub 
lisher's  Cat.  Geological  Observations,  1842,  '44,  '46, 3  vols. 
Svo.  Voyage  of  a  Naturalist  round  the  World,  2d  edit., 
1845,  p.  Svo. 

"The  author  is  a  first-rate  landscape  painter,  and  the  dreariest 
solitudes  are  made  to  teem  with  interest."— ion.  Quar.  Mev. 

Monograph  of  the  Family  Cirripedia,  2  vols.  Svo,  pub. 
by  the  Royal  Society,  and  distributed  to  the  subscribers  in 
the  years  1851  and  '53. 

"  It  has  been  characterised  by  a  competent  writer  as  one  of  the 
most  remarkable  works  on  zoology  produced  during  the  present 
century."  See  Knight's  Eng.  Cyc.,  and  Agassiz's  Bibliograpbia 
Geologise  et  Zoologias. 

Darwin,  Erasmus,  M.D.,  1731-1802,  was  a  native 
of  Elton,  near  Newark,  Nottinghamshire.  He  studied  both 
at  St.  John's  College,  Cambridge,  and  at  Edinburgh,  and 
having  chosen  the  profession  of  medicine,  practised  first 
at  Northampton,  and  subsequently  at  Lichfield,  where  he 
acquired  a  profitable  practice.  Being  left  a  widower,  he 
was  married  in  1781  to  Mrs.  Colonel  Pole,  by  whose  in 
fluence  he  was  induced  to  retire  to  Derby,  where  he  died 
suddenly  in  1802.  Dr.  Darwin  enjoyed  considerable  repu 
tation  as  a  botanist,  philosopher,  and  poet.  Botanic  Gar 
den  ;  a  Poem  in  two  parts.  Part  1  containing  the  Economy 
of  Vegetation.  Part  2,  The  Loves  of  the  Plants,  with 
Philosophical  Notes,  Lon.,  1791,  2  vols.  4to.  Part  2  had 
been  previously  pub.  anonymously  at  Lichfield,  1789,  4to. 

"  Pompous  rhyme — the  scenery  is  its  sole  recommendation." — 
LORD  BYRON. 

But  there  must  have  been  some  merit  in  poetry  which, 
without  the  advantage  of  literary  reputation,  secured  the 
author  so  large  a  host  of  enthusiastic  admirers.  Darwin's 
powers  of  description  and  of  dramatic  effect  were  undoubt 
edly  great.  The  absence  of  judgment  and  taste  is  equally 
clear;  hence  the  decline  of  his  early  fame.  Zoonomia,  or  the 
Laws  of  Organic  Life,  Lon.,  1794-96,  2  vols.  4to;  3d  ed., 
1801,  4  vols.  Svo.  This  work  will  remind  the  reader  of  the 
speculations  contained  in  a  volume  which  has  lately  excited 
much  attention — Vestiges  of  the  Natural  History  of  Crea 
tion.  Darwin's  fallacies — especially  his  theory  which  re 
fers  instinct  to  sensation — have  been  amply  exposed  by 
Dr.  Thomas  Brown,  Dugald  Stewart,  Paley,  Good,  and 
others.  See  Dr.  Brown's  Observations  on  the  Zoonomia, 
Edin.,  1798,  Svo.  Plan  for  the  Conduct  of  Female  Educa 
tion  in  Boarding  Schools,  Derby,  1797,  4to.  Phylologia, 
or  the  Philosophy  of  Agriculture  and  Gardening,  Lon., 
1800,  '01,  4to. 

"  The  section  on  manures,  or  the  food  of  plants,  is  the  sole  part 
that  interests  the  agriculturist,  and  it  is  much  too  refined  for  the 
grossness  of  the  farmer's  application  of  the  articles.  No  new  fact 
was  elicited  and  established,  but  much  light  was  cast  on  the  pro 
cesses  that  had  been  adopted." — DonaJdson's  Agricult.  Biog. 

The  Temple  of  Nature,  or  the  Origin  of  Society ;  a  Poem, 
with  Philosophical  Notes,  Lon.,  1803,  4to.  Posthumous. 
Profess,  con.  to  Med.  Trans.,  1785.  Phil.  Trans.,  1757, 
'60,  '74,  '78,  '85.  Poetical  Works,  with  Philosophical  Notes, 
1807,  3  vols.  Svo.  See  Memoirs  of  his  Life,  by  Anna 
Seward,  Lon.,  1804,  Svo ;  reviewed  in  Edin.  Rev.,  iv.  230. 

The  reader  must  peruse  this  article,  and  see  if  he  can  trace 
any  resemblance  between  Dr.  Darwin's  school  and  the  poem 
of  Universal  Beauty,  pub.  Lon.,  1735,  fol.  See  a  review  of 
The  Temple  of  Nature,  <fec.  in  the  same  periodical,  ii.  491. 

"  Only  a  few  years  have  elapsed  since  the  genius  of  the  author 
of  The  Botanic  Garden  first  burst  on  the  public  notice  in  all  its 
splendour.  The  novelty  of  his  plan — an  imposing  air  of  boldness 
and  originality  in  his  poetical  as  well  as  philosophical  speculations 
— and  a  striking  display  of  command  over  some  of  the  richest 
sources  of  poetical  embellishment,  were  sufficient  to  secure  to  him 
a  large  share  of  approbation,  even  from  the  most  fastidious  readers, 
and  much  more  than  sufficient  to  attract  the  gaze  and  the  indis- 
criminating  acclamations  of  a  herd  of  admirers  and  imitators. 
Yet,  with  all  these  pretensions  to  permanent  fame,  we  are  much 
deceived  if  we  have  not  already  observed  in  that  of  Dr.  Darwin 
the  visible  symptoms  of  decay." — 1803,  (by  T.  Thomson.) 

Darwin,  Robert  Waring,  M.D.,  brother  to  the  pre 
ceding.  Principia  Botanica,  or  a  Concise  and  Easy  In 
troduction  to  the  Sexual  System  of  Linnaeus,  3d  ed.,  cor 
rected  and  enlarged,  Lon.,  1810,  Svo.  Profess,  con.  to 
Mem.  Med.,  1792;  Phil.  Trans.,  1786;  on  the  Ocular  Spec 
tra  of  Light  and  Colours. 


DAY 

Dary,  Michael.     Mathemat.  treatises,  1664,  '69,  '77. 

Dashwood,James.  The  Case  of  the  Rector  of  D.,1812. 

Daubeny,  Charles,  D.D.,  1744-1827,  was  educated 
at  New  College,  Oxford;  Prebendary  of  Salisbury,  1784; 
Archdeacon  of  Sarum,  1S04.  A  Guide  to  the  Church;  3d 
ed.,  Lon.,  1830,  r.  Svo.  Appendix  to  do. ;  3d  ed.,  1830,  r. 
Svo.  Vindicise  Ecclesire  Anglicanae,  1803,  Svo.  Remarks 
on  the  Unitarian  Method  of  Interpreting  the  Scriptures, 
1815,  Svo.  Discourses,  1802-10,  3  vols.  Svo.  Charges, 
Serms.,  <fec.,  1809,  '19,  <fcc.  Dr.  Daubeny  is  said  to  have 
been  one  of  the  contributors  to  the  Anti-Jacobin  Review. 

Daubeny,  Charles  Giles  Bridle,  M.D.,  F.R.S., 
Prof,  of  Botany  and  Chemistry  in  the  University  of  Ox 
ford.  1.  Essay  on  the  Geology  and  Chemical  Phenomena 
of  Volcanoes,  Oxford,  1824,  Svo.  2.  Description  of  the 
Active  and  Extinct  Volcanoes,  with  Remarks  on  their 
Origin,  Lon.,  1826,  Svo  ;  2d  ed.,  1848,  Svo. 

"  One  of  the  most  useful  contributions  to  geological  science  that 
has  yet  appeared." — Edinburgh  Peview. 

3.  Introduc.  to  the  Atomic  Theory,  1831,  Svo ;  with  Supp., 
1840,  Svo ;  new  ed.,  1850,  Svo.  4.  Lects.  on  Agricult.,  1841, 
Svo.  5.  Popular  Geog.  of  Plants,  square,  1855.  6.  Lects.  on 
Roman  Husbandry,  Oxf.,  1857,  Svo.  For  a  biog.  sketch 
of  Dr.  Daubeny  and  a  list  of  his  valuable  contributions  to 
the  various  scientific  journals,  see  Knight's  Eng.  Cyc. 

Daubigny.  Dissert,  in  Orat.  Dominic.,  Lon.,  1704,  Svo. 

Dauborne,  Robert.     See  DABORNE. 

Daubuz,  Charles,  1670?-1740?  a  French  Protestant 
divine,  came  to  England  on  the  revocation  of  the  Edict  of 
Nantz,  and  became  Vicar  of  Brotherton.  Pro  Testimonio 
Flavii  Josephi,  de  Jesu  Christo,  Lon.,  1706,  Svo.  The  Re 
velations  literally  trans,  from  the  Greek,  Lon.,  1712,  '20, 
fol.  Pub.  in  1730,  4to,  by  Peter  Lancaster,  under  the  title 
of  A  Perpetual  Key  on  the  Revelation  of  St.  John.  This 
is  the  best  edition.  A  portion  of  the  work — A  Dictionary 
of  Prophetic  Symbols — was  reprinted  in  1842,  Lon.,  8vo, 
with  a  Memoir  and  Preface  by  Habershon. 

"For  understanding  the  prophecies,  we  are,  in  the  first  place,  to 
acquaint  ourselves  with  the  figurative  language  of  the  prophets." 
— SIR  ISAAC  NEWTON. 

"  There  is  no  commentator  who  can  be  compared  with  Daubuz 
for  the  accuracy,  the  care,  and  the  consistency  with  which  he  has 
explained  the  prophetic  symbols." — Illustrations  of  Prophecy. 

"An  elaborate  and  very  useful  work,  of  which  later  authors 
have  not  failed  to  avail  themselves." — Home's  Bibl.  Bib. 

Dauby  and  Leng.     Arithmetician,  1814,  12mo. 

Daucet,  N.  B.  Fundamental  Principles  of  the  Laws 
of  Canada,  Montreal,  1841,  Svo. 

Daulby,  Daniel.  A  Descriptive  Catalogue  of  the 
Works  of  Rembrandt  and  of  his  Scholars,  Bol,  Livens,  and 
Van  Vliet,  Liverp.,  1796,  Svo.  A  work  of  authority.  The 
preface  was  written  by  Mr.  Roscoe. 

Daunce,  Edward.  A  Briefe  Discourse  of  the  Spanish 
State,  with  a  Dialogue  annexed,  intituled  Philobasilis,  Lon., 
1590,  4to. 

Dauncey,  John.  Chronicle  of  Portugal,  Lon., 
1661,  Svo. 

D'Auvergne,  Edward.    See  ATJVERGNE,  D'. 

Dauney,  Wm.  Ancient  Scottish  Melodies  from  a  MS. 
of  the  reign  of  K.  James  VI.,  Lon.,  1838,  r.  4to. 

"  We  can  now  refer  to  an  authentic  National  Collection  of  a  com 
parative  early  date,  in  which  a  number  of  our  Scottish  Melodies 
are  to  be  found,  and  among  these  some  of  those  which  have  been 
most  deservedly  admired,  and  are  here  presented,  as  we  conceive, 
in  even  a  more  engaging  form  than  that  under  which  they  are 
popularly  known." — Blackwood's  Magazine. 

Davall,  Peter,  d.  1768.  Trans,  of  the  Memoirs  of 
Cardinal  de  Retz,  Lon.,  1774,  4  vols.  12mo.  Vindication 
of  the  New  Calendar  Tables  and  Rules,  1761,  4to.  Con. 
to  Phil.  Trans.,  1728,  '49,  '62. 

Davan,Kingsmill.  Essay  oh  the  Passions,Lon.,1799. 

Davelcourt,  D.,  a  native  of  Scotland.  L'Artillier, 
Paris,  1606,  Svo. 

Davenant,  Charles,  LL.D.,  1656-1714,  eldest  son 
of  Sir  William  Davenant,  was  a  Member  of  Parliament, 
Inspector  of  Plays,  a  dramatic  author,  and  a  famous  writer 
upon  political  economy,  politics,  and  trade.  His  Tragedy 
of  Circe,  in  which  he  himself  performed,  was  written  at  the 
age  of  19 ;  pub.  1677,  4to;  also  in  1685  and  1703.  A  col 
lection  of  his  works  upon  the  subjects  named  above  was 
made  and  revised  by  Sir  Charles  Whitworth,  Lon.,  1771, 
5  vols.  8vo.  They  excited  much  animosity  at  the  time, 
but  soon  gained  the  ear  of  the  public.  See  Censura  Lite- 
raria.  When  Lord  Oxford  suspected  Swift  of  having  writ 
ten  any  anonymous  piece,  he  used  to  remark  to  him : 

"  This  is  very  much  in  the  style  of  Dr.  Davenant." 

Respecting  the  merits  of  Davenant's  writings,  a  wide 
difference  of  opinion  has  been  expressed : 

"Davenant  is  certainly  a  most  valuable  political  author,  and 
undoubtedly  a  writer  whose,  progress  was  more  advanced  than 


DAV 


DAV 


could  have  been  expected  at  the  time  he  wrote.  He  had  access  to 
official  information  from  which  he  derived  many  advantages.  He 
possessed  a  very  considerable  command  of  language." — SIR  JOIIN 
SINCLAIR. 

"Admirable  works;  replete  with  curious  and  instructive  reflec 
tions." — DUKE  OF  GRAFTON. 

"  There  seem  to  be  but  slender  grounds  for  the  eulogies  bestowed 
on  his  writings,  or  for  thinking  that  they  at  all  accelerated  the 
progress  of  sound  commercial  knowledge.  They  contain  little  that 
is  valuable  that  may  not  be  found  in  the  work  of  Sir  Joshua  Child. 
Some  detached  paragraphs  are  exceedingly  good ;  but  the  treatises 
of  which  they  form  parts  are  remarkably  inconclusive,  and  are  for 
the  most  part  pervaded  by  the  narrowest  and  most  illiberal  views. 
There  is  no  evidence  to  show  that  Davenant  had  ever  reflected  on 
the  influence  of  commerce  in  facilitating  the  production  of  wealth, 
by  its  enabling  the  division  of  labour  to  be  carried  to  the  farthest 
extent;  that  is,  by  its  enabling  the  people  of  different  countries  to 
apply  themselves,  in  preference,  to  those  employments  for  the  pro 
secution  of  which  they  have  some  natural  or  acquired  advantage." 
—McCulloch's  Lit.  ofPolit.  Economy,  1845,  352. 

Davenant,  John,  D.D.,  1576-1641,  a  native  of  Lon 
don,  was  educated  at,  and  Fellow  of,  Queen's  College,  Cam 
bridge  ;  Lady  Margaret  Profess,  of  Divinity,  1609 ;  Master 
of  his  College,  1614;  sent  by  James  I.  to  the  Synod  of 
Dort,  1618;  Bishop  of  Salisbury,  1621.     He  incurred  the  j 
displeasure  of  the  king  by  maintaining  the  doctrine  of 
predestination  in  a  sermon  preached  before  his  majesty,  j 
Expositio  Epistolae  D.  Pauli  ad  Colossenes,  Cantab.,  1627,  j 
fol.;  3d  ed.,  Cantab.,  1639;  Amst.,  1646,  4to;  Groning.,  \ 
1655,  4to.     This  is  the  substance  of  Lectures  read  by  the 
author. 

"  The  bishop  pays  considerable  attention  to  find  out  the  literal 
sense,  as  well  as  to  illustrate  the  doctrinal  and  practical  meaning,  i 
of  the  epistle.    Walch  commends  it;  and  the  learned  author  of  the  ! 
Synopsis  speaks  of  Davenant  as  an  interpreter  far  above  his  praise."  j 
— Orme's  Bibl.  Bib. 

"  Davenant's  Exposition  is  valuable,  not  as  a  book  for  continuous  ! 
perusal,  but  as  a  work  of  reference,  in  which  the  reader  will  find  j 
most  of  the  disputed  points  of  the  Papistical,  Calvinistic,  and  some  j 
minor  controversies  treated  with  great  acuteness,  learning,  and  i 
judgment." — Lon.  Eclectic  Review. 

"A  very  excellent  work,  full  of  valuable  elucidation." — Bicker- 
steth's  Christian  Student. 

Trans,  into  English,  with  a  Life  of  the  Author  and  Notes,  ', 
by  the  Rev.  Josiah  Allport,  Lon.,  1831,  '32,  2  vols.  8vo. 

"  Mr.  Allport  has  conferred  no  small  favour  on  biblical  students  I 
by  rendering  Bishop  Davenant's  valuable  exposition  accessible  to 
English  readers." — Home's  Bibl.  Bib. 

"  The  translation  not  only  possesses  the  more  ordinary  and  abso 
lutely  indispensable  prerequisites  of  general  accuracy  and  fidelity, 
but  the  more  rare  recommendations  of  commendable  care,  propriety, 
and  even  elegance.  ...  A  very  valuable  feature  of  the  present 
work  is,  that  the  edition  has  appended  (in  the  form  of  notes)  bio 
graphical  sketches  of  the  Fathers  and  Schoolmen,  whose  names  so 
profusely  adorn  the  pages  of  Davenant.  .  .  .  His  notes  contain  a 
great  deal  of  curious  and  valuable  information.  The  Sketch  of 
the  Life  of  Davenant  deserves  the  highest  praise :  it  is  the  only 
attempt  that  has  ever  been  made  to  give  any  thing  like  a  detailed 
account  of  the  history  and  writings  of  that  great  and  good  man." 
— Lon.  Eclectic  Review. 

Praelectiones,  <fcc.  de  Justitia  habituali  et  actuali  altero. 
Cantab.,  1631,  fol.  Determinationes  XLIX.  Qusestionum, 
Ac.,  1634,  fol. 

"  Many  debateable  doctrines  [in  the  two  vols.l  wisely  stated."— 
BickerstetKs  Christian  Student. 

Trans,  of  the  above  two  vols.  into  English  by  the  Rev. 
Josiah  Allport,  Lon.,  1844-46,  2  vols.  8vo. 

"  Well  calculated  to  meet  the  errors  which  are  most  prevalent  at 
the  present  time.  .  .  .  The  man  who  will  make  himself  master  of 
Davenant's  arguments  will  find  in  them  a  sufficient  safeguard 
against  Romanizing  tendencies  at  any  time."—  Church  of  England 
Quar.  Rev. 

An  Exhortation  to  Brotherly  Communion  between  the 
Protestant  Churches,  1641,  12mo.  The  same  in  Latin, 
Camb.,  1640,  8vo. 

"  A  delightful  little  work  on  this  subject.  Milton,  Baxter,  Bur- 
roughes,  Bishop  Stillingfleet,  and  others  wrote  with  the  same 
views."— BickerstetKs  Christian  Student. 

Animadversions  upon  a  Treatise  written  by  Mr.  S.  (or  J.) 
Hoard,  entitled  God's  Love  to  Mankind,  Ac.,  Camb.,  1641, 
8vo.  Epistola  de  Sacramentis,  Lon.,  1649,  8vo.  Disser- 
tationes  duae  de  Morte  Christi  et  Prsedestinatione,  Cantab., 

^'J1^  £is  elaborate  an<l  very  judicious  treatise  on  the  Death  of 
Christ,  Davenant  plainly  shows,  that  while  profoundly  impressed 
with  the  truth  of  the  main  doctrines  of  the  Calvanistic  school,  he 
was  by  no  means  the  supralapsarian  which  many  of  the  opposite 
party  have  been  fond  of  representing  him.  He  was  decidedly  a 
sublapsarian."— Lon.  Eclectic  Review. 

See  an  interesting  account  of  this  excellent  man  in  Ful 
ler's  Worthies. 

Davenant,  Sir  William,  1605-1668,  a  native  of  Ox- 
ford,  was  the  son  of  a  vintner— at  least  we  are  willing  to 
accept  this  version  of  his  paternity.  Wood  gives  an  in 
teresting-account  of  the  household: 

"  His  mother  was  a  very  beautiful  woman,  of  a  good  wit  and 
conversation,  in  which  she  was  imitated  by  none  of  her  children 
but  by  this  William.  The  father,  who  was  a  very  good  and  dlscrSt 
citizen,  (yet  an  admirer  and  lover  of  plays  and  play-makers,  espe 


cially  Shakespeare,  who  frequented  his  house  in  his  jemmies  be 
tween  Warwickshire  and  London,)  was  of  a  melancholic  disposi 
tion,  and  was  seldom  or  never  seen  to  laugh,  in  which  he  was  imi 
tated  by  none  of  his  children  but  by  Robert,  his  eldest  son,  after 
wards  Fellow  of  St.  John's  Coll.  and  a  venerable  doct.  of  div.  As 
for  William,  whom  we  are  farther  to  mention,  and  may  justly  stile 
'the  sweet  swan  of  Isis,'  he  was  educated  in  grammar  learning  un 
der  Edw.  Sylvester,  whom  I  shall  elsewhere  mention,  and  in  acade 
mical  in  Line.  Coll.  under  the  care  of  Mr.  Dan.  Hough,  in  1620,  or  21, 
or  thereabouts,  and  obtained  there  some  smattering  in  logic ;  but 
his  geny  which  was  always  opposite  to  it,  lead  him  in  the  pleasant 
paths  of  poetry,  so  that  tho'  he  wanted  much  of  university  learn 
ing,  yet  he  made  as  high  and  noble  flights  in  the  poetical  faculty, 
as  fancy  could  advance,  without  it." — Athen.  Oxon.,  Bliss's  ed., 
iii.  802. 

On  quitting  college  he  obtained  the  place  of  page  to  the 
celebrated  Duchess  of  Richmond,  and  subsequently  resided 
in  the  household  of  Sir  Fulke  Greville,  Lord  Brooke,  by 
whose  death  in  1628  he  was  once  more  thrown  upon  his 
own  resources.  In  the  same  year  appeared  his  Tragedy 
of  Albovine,  King  of  the  Lombards,  pub.  1629,  4to.  To 
this  succeeded  The  Just  Italian,  a  Play;  and  The  Cruel 
Brother,  a  Tragedy,  both  pub.  1629,  4to.  The  success  of 
these  pieces,  and  other  compositions,  (see  a  list  of  his  pro 
ductions  in  Lowndes's  Bibl.  Manual,)  gave  the  author  a 
position  among  the  wits  of  the  day,  and  in  1637  he  suc 
ceeded  Ben  Jonson  as  poet  laureate.  In  1641  he  became 
involved  in  the  political  difficulties  which  entangled  most 
of  the  principal  men  of  the  time.  Of  course  he  was  a  royal 
ist,  and  for  his  efforts  on  behalf  of  the  unfortunate  mon 
arch  he  was  for  some  time  imprisoned,  and  was  glad  to 
retire  to  France.  After  a  short  residence  abroad,  he  re 
turned  to  England,  and  served  with  the  royalist  forces  as 
lieutenant-general  of  the  ordnance  at  the  siege  of  Glouces 
ter.  At  this  period  he  was  knighted  by  King  Charles. 
Again  repairing  to  France,  he  was  honoured  with  the  con 
fidence  of  Queen  Henrietta  Maria,  and  intrusted  by  her 
with  a  communication  to  Charles.  Davenant  saw  no  pro 
mise  of  brighter  times  at  home,  and  therefore  determined 
to  try  his  fortune  in  the  New  World.  The  vessel  in  which 
he  sailed  with  his  company  of  mechanics  and  weavers  was 
seized  by  an  English  man-of-war,  and  our  poetical  knight 
found  himself  for  the  second  time  a  prisoner.  Whilst  con 
fined  in  Cowes  Castle,  he  finished  the  first  part  of  the  poem 
of  Gondibert.  He  was  now  removed  to  the  Tower  of  Lon 
don,  and  would  probably  have  fared  badly  in  addition  to 
his  two  years'  imprisonment,  had  not  Milton  nobly  exerted 
himself  to  procure  his  enlargement.  It  is  said  that  this 
debt  of  gratitude  was  repaid  at  the  Restoration,  when  Mil 
ton  was  beholden  for  his  safety  to  the  influence  of  his 
brother  poet.  Davenant  now  employed  himself  in  the  in 
troduction  of  such  dramatic  entertainments — partaking  of 
the  character  of  the  opera — as  the  taste  of  the  age,  or  the 
forbearance  of  the  rulers,  rendered  practicable.  The  re 
mainder  of  his  life  seems  to  have  passed  in  the  quiet  en 
joyment  of  his  literary  tastes,  and  the  admiring  apprecia 
tion  of  his  contemporaries.  He  was  honoured  with  a  last 
resting-place  in  Westminster  Abbey,  and  the  sepulchral 
marble  was  not  thought  unworthy  of  the  expressive  epi 
taph  which  had  previously  been  applied  to  his  successor  in 
the  honours  of  the  laurel : — "  0  Rare  Sir  William  Daven 
ant"  the  poet  would  have  considered  as  ample  reward  for 
his  literary  exertions.  A  collective  edition  of  his  works 
was  pub.  in  folio,  1672,  '73.  Gondibert — by  which  the  au 
thor's  name  is  best  known — is  a  heroic  poem,  the  events 
of  which  are  supposed  to  have  occurred  in  the  reign  of 
Aribert,  King  of  Lombardy,  653-661.  By  some  of  the 
principal  poets  of  the  day,  Cowley  and  Waller  being  of  the 
number,  it  was  rapturously  applauded ;  by  others  it  was  so 
warmly  attacked,  that  the  author  felt  it  incumbent  on  him 
to  defend  himself  from  their  censures.  He  had  no  heart 
to  continue  a  theme  so  little  appreciated,  and  Gondibert 
was  left  to  posterity  in  an  unfinished  state.  See  Disraeli's 
Quarrels  of  Authors;  Miscellanies  in  Prose  by  Aikin  and 
Barbauld;  Retrospective  Review,  (Lon.,  1820,)  ii.  304-24: 
prefatory  remarks  to  vol.  iv.  of  Anderson's  British  Poets; 
Headley's  Select  Beauties ;  Kurd's  Letters  on  Chivalry  and 
Romance;  Biog.  Brit.;  Malone's  History  of  the  Stage. 
Gondibert  has  now  but  few  readers.  The  four-lined  stanza 
with  alternate  rhymes  is  not  a  favourite  measure,  and  six 
thousand  lines  of  such,  in  a  solid  phalanx,  present  an  ap 
pearance  sufficiently  formidable  to  repel  ordinary  readers. 
Yet  those  who  thus  neglect  the  bulky  tomes  of  old  English 
poetry  little  know  what  they  lose.  With  much  that  may 
be  spared,  there  is  much  also  which  is  admirably  calculated 
to  charm  the  imagination,  to  delight  the  fancy,  and- to  im 
prove  the  heart.  If  it  were  only  to  enjoy  the  exquisite 
sketch  of  the  Character  and  Love  of  Birtha,  would  it  not 
be  well  worth  while  to  read  the  six  thousand  lines  of  Gon 
dibert?  But  we  are  extending  this  article  unwarrantably, 


DAV 

and  must  conclude ;  not,  however,  without  the  citation  of 
some  opinions  upon  the  merits  of  the  once  thrice-famed, 
now  little  known,  "  Rare  Sir  William  Davenant !" 

"  I  found  him  of  so  quick  a  fancy,  that  nothing  was  proposed 
to  him  on  which  he  could  not  suddenly  produce  a  thought  ex 
tremely  pleasant  and  surprising;  and  those  first  thoughts  of  his, 
contrary  to  the  old  Latin  proverb,  were  not  always  the  least  happy. 
And  as  his  fancy  was  quick,  so  likewise  were  the  products  of  it  re 
mote  and  happy.  He  borrowed  not  of  any  other,  and  his  imagina 
tions  were  such  as  could  not  easily  enter  into  any  other  man,  be 
stowing  twice  the  time  and  labour  in  polishing  which  he  used  in 
invention."— DRYDEN. 

Dryden  on  other  occasions  expresses  his  obligations  to 
Davenant,  and  surely  the  latter  had  a  claim  upon  his  gra 
titude,  for  Dryden  remarks  in  his  preface  to  the  Tempest, 
which  they  had  altered  : 

"  It  was  originally  Shakspeare's— a  poet  for  whom  he  had  par 
ticularly  a  high  veneration,  and  whom  he  first  taught  me  to  ad- 

mi"  Gondibert,  which  is  rather  a  string  of  Epigrams  than  an  Epic 
Poem,  was  not  without  its  admirers,  among  whom  were  Waller  and 
Cowley.  But  the  success  did  not  answer  his  expectation.  When 
the  novelty  of  it  was  over,  it  presently  sunk  into  contempt;  and 
he  at  length  found,  that  when  he  strayed  from  Ho.mer  he  deviated 
from  nature."— GRANGER,  iv.  43. 

"  The  stanza  which  he  has  adopted  is  better  suited  to  elegiac 
than  to  heroic  poetry.  A  beautifully  descriptive  passage,  inter 
spersed  in  the  course  of  two  or  three  hundred  lines,  will  not  alle 
viate  the  tedium  of  the  rest;  as  an  occasional  flash  of  lightning 
cannot  illuminate  the  continual  gloominess  of  an  extensive  pros 
pect."—  Knox's  Essays,  ii.  377. 

"  When  a  writer  who  is  driven  by  so  many  powerful  motives  to 
the  imitation  of  preceding  models,  revolts  against  them  all,  and 
determines  at  any  rate,  to  be  original,  nothing  can  be  expected  but 
an  awkward  straining  in  every  thing.  Improper  method,  forced 
conceits,  and  affected  expression,  are  the  certain  issue  of  such  ob 
stinacy.  The  business  is  to  be  unlike;  and  this  he  may  very  pos 
sibly  be,  but  at  the  expense  of  graceful  ease  and  true  beanty." — 
SisJwp  Hurd's  Critical  Commentaries,  Notes,  and  Dissertations,  iii. 
138-144. 

But  Mr.  Headley  disputes  the  justice  of  the  bishop's 
critique : 

"  After  all,  it  seems  but  candid  to  examine  every  work  by  those 
rules  only  which  the  author  prescribed  himself  in  the  composing 
of  it :  every  contrary  step  is  but  trying  a  man  of  one  country  by 
the  laws  of  another.  What  right  have  we,  therefore,  to  be  offended 
at  not  finding  the  critical  acts  passed  by  Aristotle  originally,  and 
re-echoed  by  Bossu  and  the  French  critics,  rigidly  observed,  when 
it  was  the  author's  professed  intention  to  write  without  them  ?"— 
Biog.  Sketches  prefixed  to  Headley's  Collection,  vol.  i.  See  Biog.  Brit, 
Davenant,  Rev.  William,  drowned  whilst  swim 
ming,  1681,  fourth  son  of  the  preceding,  was  educated  a 
Magdalen  Hall,  Oxford.  Trans,  of  La  Mothe  le  Vayer's 
Animadversions  on  Greek  and  Latin  Historians. 

Davenport,Christopher,1598-1680,  became  a  Fran 
ciscan,  adopted  the  name  of  Sancta  Clara,  and  was  chap 
lain  to  Queen  Henrietta  Maria.  De  Prasdestinatione  Me 
ritis,  <fec.,  Lugd.,  1634,  8vo.  Apologia  Episcoporum,  1640 
8vo.  Manuale  Miss.  Regularium,  Duaci,  1658,  8vo.  Sys 
tema  Fidei,  &c.,  Leodi,  1648,  4to.  Vindic.  of  R.  Catholics 
1659.  Religio  Philosophi,  &c.,  Duaci,  1662,  8vo.  R.  C 
Belief,  1670,  8vo.  Middle  State  of  Souls.  See  Bishop 
Heber's  Life  of  Jeremy  Taylor. 

Davenport,Francis.  Tides  at  Tonquin,  Phil.  Trans. 
1684. 

Davenport,  Humphrey.  Abrigt.  of  Coke  upon  Lit 
tleton,  4th  ed.,  Lon.,  1685, 12mo.  See  Marvin's  Leg.  Bibl 
Davenport,  John,  1597-1670,  brother  of  Christopher 
emigrated  to  Boston  in  1637,  and  was  minister  a,t  New 
Haven  and  at  Boston.  He  was  of  great  learning,  piety 
and  zeal.  When  Whalley  and  Goffe  fled  to  New  Haven 
he  concealed  them  in  his  own  house.  He  pub.  a  numbe 
of  serms.,  letters,  <fcc.,  1629-1637.  See  Athen.  Oxon. 
Mather's  Magnalia ;  Trumbull's  Conn. ;  Hutchinson ;  Win 
throp. 

Davenport,  John.  Historical  Class  Book,  Lon. 
1839,  12mo. 

"  One  of  the  most  useful  helps  to  education  which  has  fallei 
under  our  critical  cognizance." — Lon.  M.  Advertiser. 

Hist,  of  the  Bastille.  Lives  of  Eminent  Men.  Al 
Pasha.  Narrative. 

Davenport,  R.  A.  Dictionary  of  Biography,  Lon, 
1831,  12mo. 

Davenport,  Richard.  Con.  to  Amer.  Phil.,  1815 
Nat.  Phil. 

Davenport,  Robert.  New  Tricke  to  cheat  the  Divell 
Lon.,  1639,  4to.  The  City  Night  Cap,  1655,  4to.  Othe 
dramatic  pieces. 

Davenport,  Selina.    Novels,  1814,  '15. 

Daventer,  Henry.    Midwifery  Improved,  1716,  8vo 

Davey,  John.   Obs.  on  Bane  in  Sheep,  Bath,  1830,  8vo 

David,  St.,  the  Patron  of  Wales,  d.  544,  was  born  abou 

the  close  of  the  5th  cientury.     He  wrote  the  Decrees  of  th 

Synod  of  Victoria,  the  Rules  of  his  Monasteries,  som 


DAV 

Homilies,  and  Letters  to  King  Arthur;  all  of  which  have 
erished.  See  Butler's  Lives  of  the  Saints;  Wharton's 
nglia  Sacra;  Tanner. 

David,  Ap   Gwillum,  a  famous  Welsh  bard,  is  noted 

or  having  inscribed  147  poems  to  the  fair  Morvid.     Such 

deluge  was  too  much  for  her  constancy — if  indeed  she 

ver  favoured  the  poet — and  she  was  married  to  a  soldier 

amed  Rhys  Gwgan,  who  had  distinguished  himself  at  the 

attle  of  Crecy.     So,  in  this  case,  the  favourite  maxim  of 

uthors  was  disproved, — the  Sword  outweighed  the  Pen. 

)avid's  works  were  edited  in  London  in  1789. 

David,  Hen.     Theolog.  Letters  to  Lon.  Quar.  Review, 

825. 

David,  Job.     Review  of  Dr.  Priestley's  Letter  to  an 
Antipaedobaptist,  1803,  8vo. 

David,  M.  Effect  of  Motion,  Rest,  &c.,  Lon.,  1790,  4to. 
David,  Michael.     Religion,  Ac.  of  J.  B.  Renoult, 
1708,  4to. 

David,  R.    1.  The  Fast.    2.  Fear  of  God,  1781/82, 8vo. 
Davidson.     The  Christian  Prize;  a  Serm.,  8vo. 
Davidson,  Rev.  Anthony.    A  Sentimental  Journey, 
n  imitation  of  Sterne.     Serms. ;  in  blank  verse. 

Davidson,  Charles.  Precedents  in  Conveyancing, 
4th  ed.,  Lon.,  1852, 12mo.  Common  Forms  in  Conveyanc- 
ng,  1846,  r.  8vo. 

Davidson,David.  Thoughts  on  the  Seasons,1789,8ro. 
Davidson,  David.     English  Grammar,  1814,  12mo. 
Davidson,  David,  D.D.     Comment,  on  the  Bible, 
Lon.,  1845,  fol. ;  1836-46,  3  vols.  24mo.     Pocket  Biblical 
Diet.,  new  ed.,  1837,  24mo.     Prophecy,  1839, 12mo.     Con- 
nee,  of  S.  and  P.  Hist.,  1842,  24mo. 

"  This  work  is  well  executed.  The  historical  plan  is  clear  and 
unique,  and  the  style  is  singularly  attractive,  on  account  of  its 
purity  and  strength." — Protestant  Churchman. 
Davidson, G.  Bark  Tree  in  St.  Lucia,Phil.  Trans.,1784. 
Davidson,  G.  F.  Trade  and  Travel  in  the  East, 
Lon.,  1846,  p.  8vo. 

"One  of  the  best  and  most  entertaining  books  of  travels  pub 
lished  within  the  last,  three  years." — Lon.  Dispatch. 

Favourably  reviewed  in  the  Edin.  and  Lon.  Quar.  Re 
views. 

Davidson,Henry.  Waterloo;  aPoem,Lon.,1816,8vo. 
Davidson,  James.  Two  Serms.,  1804. 
Davidson,  John.  Dialogue  betwixt  a  Clerk  and  a 
Courteour,  concerning  the  state  of  Parish  Kirks  in  Scot 
land,  1570,  cr.  8vo.  40  copies  reprinted  at  Edinburgh  in 
1829. 

Davidson,  John.  Helpes  for  Y.  S.  in  Chris.,  Edin., 
1602,  Svo. 

Davidson,  John.  Catechism,  Edin.,  1708,  Svo. 
Davidson,  John.  Accounts  of  the  Chamberlain  in 
Scotland  in  1329,  '30,  '31.  Obs.  on  the  Regiam  Majestatem, 
Edin.,  1792,  Svo.  Remarks  on  some  Edits,  of  the  Acts 
Parl.  of  Scotland,  1792,  Svo.  See  SIB  DAVID  DALBYM- 
PLE'S  Annals  of  Scotland,  iii.  340. 

Davidson,  Lucretia  Maria,  1808-1S25,  a  native 
of  Plattsburg,  New  York,  was  the  daughter  of  a  physician. 
Before  she  was  six  years  of  age  she  wrote  quite  a  number 
of  original  poetical  compositions,  which  were  accidentally 
discovered,  having  been  carefully  concealed  in  a  closet  sel 
dom  visited.  Her  first  poem  which  has  been  preserved, 
was  written  when  she  was  nine  years  old.  The  earliest  of 
her  productions  which  has  been  published  was  written  at 
eleven  years  of  age.  Before  she  was  twelve  years  old  she 
had  read  much  of  Shakspeare,  Kotzebue,  and  Goldsmith, 
many  of  the  standard  English  poets,  and  several  histo 
rians.  Such  remarkable  precocity  of  course  excited  much 
observation,  and  when  about  16  years  of  age,  by  the  kind 
ness  of  Mr.  Moss  Kent,  she  was  placed  at  the  excellent 
seminary  of  Mrs.  Willard,  at  Troy.  This  lady,  who  has 
done  so  much  to  educate  the  female  mind  in  America — 
whose  name  is  so  familiar  to  many  mothers  who  are  now 
communicating  to  their  children  the  intellectual  and  moral 
lessons  acquired  from  their  former  preceptor — immediately 
recognised  the  peculiar  characteristics  of  the  mind  con 
fided  to  her  guidance.  She  remarks : 

"  She  at  once  surprised  us  by  the  brilliancy  and  pathos  of  her 
compositions ;  she  evinced  a  most  exquisite  sense  of  the  beautiful 
in  the  productions  of  her  pencil;  always  giving  to  whatever  she 
attempted  to  copy  certain  peculiar  and  original  touches  which 
marked  the  liveliness  of  her  conceptions,  and  the  power  of  her 
genius  to  embody  those  conceptions.  But  from  studies  which  re 
quired  calm  and  steady  investigation,  efforts  of  memory,  judgment, 
and  consecutive  thinking,  her  mind  seemed  to  shrink.  She  had 
no  confidence  in  herself,  and  appeared  to  regard  with  dismay  any 
requisitions  of  this  nature." 

During  the  vacation — a  few  months  after  her  reception 
into  Mrs.  Willard's  household — she  suffered  from  ill  health, 
but  rallied  sufficiently  to  be  placed  at  a  school  in  Albany, 
where  it  was  hoped  she  might  be  able  to  continue  her  stu- 


DAV 


DAY 


dies.     But  it  was  soon  apparent  that  her  life  was  not  to  |  399;  Sparks's  Amer.  Biog.,  vii.  209;    Lon.  Quar.  Rev.,  xli. 
be  prolonged.     The  unfavourable  symptoms  which  had  J  289,  Ixix.  49 ;    Chris.  Examiner,  xxxi.  269.     In  London, 


alarmed  the  anxiety  of  her  family  and  friends  now  deve 
loped  themselves  with  increased  strength,  and  resulted  fa 
tally  on  the  27th  of  August,  1825,  one  month  before  she 
had  attained  the  age  of  17.  So  great  was  her  facility  in 
composition,  that  she  left  no  less  than  two  hundred  and 
seventy-eight  pieces,  (about  one  hundred  and  forty  had 
been  destroyed  before  her  death,)  among  which  were  five 
poems  of  several  cantos  each,  a  number  of  romances,  and 
a  tragedy. 

A  collection  of  her  pieces,  with  a  memoir,  was  pub.  in 
1829,  by  Mr.  Samuel  F.  B.  Morse,  under  the  title  of  Amir 
Khan  and  other  Poems :  the  Remains  of  Lucretia  Maria 
Davidson.  An  interesting  review  of  this  volume  by  Ro 
bert  Southey  will  be  found  in  the  London  Quarterly  Re 
view,  xli.  289.  Miss  Catherine  M.  Sedgwick  also  has  pub. 
a  biography  of  her  life  and  character,  and  the  reader  will 
find  interesting  notices  of  Lucretia  M.  and  Margaret  M. 
Davidson  in  Dr.  Griswold's  Female  Poets  of  America,  and 
in  Mrs.  Kale's  Records  of  Woman. 

"  In  these  poems  there  is  enough  of  originality,  enough  of  aspi 
ration,  enough  of  conscious  energy,  enough  of  growing  power,  to 
warrant  any  expectations,  however  sanguine,  which  the  patron, 
and  the  friends  and  parents  of  the  deceased  could  have  formed. 
...  In  our  own  language,  except  in  the  cases  of  Chatterton  and 
Kirke  White,  we  can  call  to  mind  no  instance  of  so  early,  so  ardent, 
and  so  fatal  a  pursuit  of  intellectual  advancement." — ROBERT 
SOUTHEY,  ubi supra. 

Davidson,  Margaret  Miller,  1823-1838,  was  a  sis 
ter  of  the  preceding,  and  distinguished  by  the  same  re 
markable  precocity  of  intellect  and  facility  in  literary 
composition.  At  the  early  age  of  six  years  she  found 
great  delight  in  the  perusal  of  the  poems  of  Milton,  Cow- 
per,  Thomson,  Scott,  and  other  authors  of  the  same  class. 
"By  the  time  she  was  six  years  old,"  remarks  her  mo 
ther,  "her  language  assumed  an  elevated  tone,  and  her 
mind  seemed  filled  with  poetic  imagery,  blended  with  veins 
of  religious  thought."  About  this  time  she  commenced 
"lisping  in  numbers,"  and  specimens  of  her  poetry  then 
written  will  be  found  in  Washington  Irving's  charming 
Memoir  of  this  wonderful  child,  for  she  was  but  fifteen 
years  and  eight  months  old  when  translated  to  a  brighter 
sphere.  Of  the  beautiful  stanzas  addressed  to  her  sister 
Lucretia,  Mr.  Irving  remarks : 

"  We  may  have  read  poetry  more  artificially  perfect  in  its  struc 
ture,  but  never  any  more  truly  divine  in  its  inspiration." 

Leonore  is  the  longest  of  her  poems;  (the  volume  just 
quoted  contains  some  of  her  prose  compositions,  also:) 

"  It  is  a  story  of  romantic  love,  happily  conceived,  and  illustrated 
with  some  fine  touches  of  sentiment  and  fancy.  It  is  a  creditable 
production,  and  would  entitle  a  much  older  author  to  considera 
tion  ;  but  its  best  passages  scarcely  equal  some  of  her  earlier  and 
less  elaborate  performances." — Griswold's  Female  Poets  of  America. 
Mrs.  Davidson  had  drank  deeply  of  the  cup  of  affliction ; 
few  could  lose  such  a  daughter  as  Lucretia  Maria: — but  it 
was  much  that  her  little  sister — then  not  quite  two  years 
old — was  left  to  comfort  the  stricken  parent.  When  only 
three  years  of  age  the  child  would  sit  "on  a  cushion  at  her 
mother's  feet,  listening  to  anecdotes  of  her  sister's  life,  and 
details  of  the  events  which  preceded  her  death ;  and  would 
often  exclaim,  while  her  face  beamed  with  mingled  emo 
tions,  '  Oh,  I  will  try  to  fill  her  place — teach  me  to  be  like 
her !' " 

Her  prayer  had  been  granted.  She  had  grown  up  to 
supply  her  sister's  place,  and  had  evinced  the  possession 
of  powers  calculated  to  honour  her  name  and  bless  her 
race — when  she  too  was  called  to  be  numbered  with  the 
"early  lost,  the  long  deplored."  Again  the  fond  mother 
had  to  pass  through  the  afflicting  scenes  from  which  she 
had  already  suffered  so  deeply.  Some  four  years  after  she 
had  followed  Margaret  to  the  grave,  she  remarks  in  a  letter 
to  the  author  of  this  work— referring  to  an  incident  which 
had  recently  transpired — 

"I  will  not  attempt  to  describe  feelings  which  brought  before 
my  mind's  eye  with  all  the  freshness  of  yesterday,  some  of  the 
most  deeply  touching  incidents  in  my  sorrowing  and  varied  life, 
with  cherished  and  sacred  recollections  of  the  dear  one  who,  like  a 
bright  dream,  has  faded  away  from  my  sight  in  this  world  forever!" 
The  reader  must  not  fail  to  peruse  the  deeply  interesting 
memoir  by  Mr.  Irving  before  referred  to.  We  may  fitly 
conclude  this  sketch  in  his  own  words : 

"  We  shall  not  pretend  to  comment  on  these  records;  they  need 
no  comment,  and  they  admit  no  heightening.  Indeed,  the  farther 
we  have  proceeded  with  our  subject,  the  more  has  the  intellectual 
beauty  and  the  seraphic  purity  of  the  little  being  we  have  intended 
to  commemorate  broken  upon  us;  and  the  more  have  we  shrunk 
at  our  own  unworthiness  for  such  a  task." 

Notices  of  the  literary  history  of  the  gifted  sisters,  and 
reviews  of  Miss  Sedgwick's  and  Mr.  Irving's  biographies, 
will  be  found  in  the  Southern  Lit  Messenger,  i.  51 ;  ix.  94, 


the  biographies  of  the  sisters,  by  Miss  Sedgwick  and  Mr. 
Irving,  have  been  incorporated  into  one  volume. 

Davidson,  Margaret  M.,  mother  of  the  two  preced 
ing.  A  volume  of  Selections  from  her  Writings,  with  a 
preface  by  Miss  Sedgwick,  was  pub.  in  1843. 

'•  There  is  nothing  in  her  book  to  arrest  attention.  Mrs.  David 
son  has  some  command  of  language,  and  a  knowledge  of  versifica 
tion,  and  the  chief  production  of  her  industry  in  this  line  is  a  para 
phrase  of  six  books  of  Eingal.  Her  writings  are  interesting  only 
as  indexes  to  the  early  culture  of  her  daughters." — Griswold's  Fe 
male  Poets  of  America. 

Davidson,  Robert.     Serm.,  1707,  4to. 
Davidson,  Robert,  and  David  Douglass.     De 
cisions  of  the  C.  of  Sess.,  1792-96,  Edin.,  1797,  fol.     The 
same,  1796-1801,  fol. 

Davidson,  Samuel.  Con.  to  Med.  Com.,  1790. 
Davidson,  Rev.  Samuel,  LL.D.  Ecclesiastical  Po 
lity  of  the  N.  Test.,  Lon.,  1848,  8vo.  Introduc.  to  the  N. 
Test.,  1848-51, 3  vols.  8vo.  Biblical  Criticism,  Edin.,  1852, 
2  rols.  8vo ;  new  ed.,  Lon.,  1855,  8vo.  Sacred  Hermeneu- 
tics  Developed  and  Applied,  1843,  Svo. 

"  Nothing  seems  to  be  left  undone  which  could  be  brought  within 
the  prescribed  limits ;  and  that  which  has  been  done  appears  to  be 
well  done  and  treated  in  an  intelligent  and  masterly  manner." — 
Ch.  of  England  Quar.  Rev. 

Trans,  of  Gieseler's  Comp.  of  Eccles.  History,  Lon. ,1846, 
&c.,  4  vols.  Svo.     See  Clarke's  Foreign  Theolog.  Library. 
"Gieseler's  Church  History  is  an  invaluable  storehouse  of  refer 
ence  to  the  anxious  and  inquiring  student  and  doctrinarian." — 
Lon.  Eclec.  Rev. 

Text  of  the  Old  Testament  Considered,  Lon.,  1856,  Svo. 
Davidson,  Thomas.     Cantus;  Songs  and  Fancies, 
Aberdeen,  1666.     This  is  said  to  be  the  first  collection  in 
which  Scottish  Songs  are  to  be  found. 
Davidson,  Thomas.     Serm.,  Lon.,  1749,  Svo. 
Davidson, Thomas.  Sketch  of  Dr.  Erskine,1803,8vo. 
Davidson,  Wm.     Sermon  on  Fasting,  Newc.,  1793, 
Svo.     Brief  Outline  of  an  Exam,  of  the  Song  of  Solomon, 
Lon.,  1817,  Svo. 

"The  author  of  this  work  considers  the  Canticles  as  an  inspired 
song,  wholly  referring  to  the  spiritual  Solomon,  or  Christ  and  his 
true  spiritual  church." — Home's  Bibl.  Bib. 

Davidson,  Wm.    The  Pulmonary  System,  Lon.,  1795, 

Svo.    Con.  to  Med.  Com.,  1793;  to  Med.  Facts,  1792, '93, '94. 

Davidson,  Wm.,  M.D.     On  the  Continued  Fevers  of 

G.  Britain  and  Ireland,  Lon.,  1841, 8vo.     Treatise  on  Diet, 

1843,  12mo;  1847. 

"The  volume  is  comprehensive;  it  includes  a  great  deal  of  most 
useful  matter ;  and  will  be  a  valuable  guide  to  the  student  and 
young  practitioner." — Edin.  Med.  and  Surg.  Journal. 

Davidsone,  David.  Disp.  Inaug.  de  Febre  Quar- 
tana,  Lugd.  Bat.,  1686,  4to. 

Davidsone,  John.  Ane  brief  Commendatioun  of 
Vprichtnes.  Imprentit  at  Sanct  Androis  be  R.  Lekpreuick, 
1573,  4to. 

Davie, Charles  H.  Hist,  of  the  Inquisition,1851,12mo. 
"  A  fair  and  full  account  of  the  evils  which  it  professes  to  de 
scribe,  since  its  statements  are  taken  from  the  most  authentic 
sources  of  information,  both  ancient  and  modern." — Chris.  Times. 
Davie,  John  C.  Letters  from  Paraguay,Lon.,1805,8vo. 
"  A  fictitious  work  of  no  reputation  or  value." 
Davie,  Sampson.     End,  <fcc.  of  T.  Norton;  in  verse, 
1570,  Svo. 

Davies.     Antiquities  :  see  Hearne's  Collec.,  ii. 
Davies,Arabella.    1.  Letters.   2.  Diary,  1788, 12mo. 
Davies,  Anth.     The  Protestant's  Practice.     Sparkles 
of  the  Spirit,  1656,  '58. 
Davies,  B.     Serm.,  Lon.,  1785,  Svo. 
Davies,  C.  M.     Hist,  of  Holland,  Lon.,  3  vols.  Svo. 
1841,  '42,  '44;  new  ed.,  1851. 

'•  Historical  students  must  and  ought  to  be  grateful  to  the  au 
thor  of  this  valuable  work,  which  has  long  been  wanted." — Lon. 
Athenceum. 

Davies,  C.  X.     Lectures  on  Prophecy,  1836, 12mo. 
"This  little  volume  displays  both  thought  and  feeling  on  a  sub* 
ject  of  the  deepest  interest,"— British  Magazine. 

Davies,  Charles,  LL.D.,  born  at  Washington,  Con 
necticut,  for  many  years  Professor  at  West  Point.  Prof. 
Davies  is  the  author  of  the  following  valuable  series  of 
Mathematical  works,  which  are  very  extensively  used  in 
schools  and  colleges  throughout  the  U.  S.,  and,  it  is  said, 
have  produced  the  author  more  than  $50,000:  1.  Primary 
Table  Book.  2.  First  Lessons  in  Arithmetic.  3.  Intel 
lectual  Arithmetic.  4.  School  Arithmetic.  5.  Grammar 
of  Arithmetic.  6.  University  Arithmetic,  1st  ed.,  1846. 
7.  Elementary  Algebra,  1st  ed.,  1839.  8.  Elementary  Geo 
metry  and  Trigonometry,  1st  ed.,  1840.  9.  Practical  Ma 
thematics,  1852.  10.  Bourdon's  Algebra,  1st  ed.,  1834. 
11.  Legendre's  Geometry,  1st  ed.,  1828.  12.  Elements 
of  Surveying,  1st  ed.,  1832.  13.  Analytical  Geometry. 


DAY 

14.  Differential  and  Integral  Calculus.  15.  Descriptive 
Geometry,  1st  ed.,  1826.  16.  Shades,  Shadows,  and  Per 
spective.  17.  Logic  of  Mathematics.  18.  Mathematical 
Dictionary,  1855,  N.  York,  8vo.  See  PECK,  WM.  G. 

Davies,  Charles  G.     Scrm.,  Lon.,  1841,  8vo. 

Davies,  D.     1.  Serm.     2.  Letters,  1810,  8vo. 

Davies,  D.  W.     Serm.,  Cranbrook,  1803,  8vo. 

Davies,David.  Med.,<tc.  con.  to  Phil.  Trans.,1700,'01. 

Davies,  David.      Jurymen's  Guide,  Lon.,  1779,  8vo. 

Davies,  Rev.  David.  The  Case  of  Labourers  in 
Husbandry  stated  and  considered,  Lon.,  1795,  4to. 

"  A  publication  which  has  been  a  good  deal  referred  to  for  its 
facts  and  statements."— McOulloch's  Lit.  of  Polit.  Econ. 

Davies,  Rev.  David  Peter.  A  New  Historical  and 
Descriptive  View  of  Derbyshire,  Lon.,  1811,  8vo. 

Davies,  E.     Serm.,  1720,  8vo. 

Davies,  Ebenezer.  American  Scenes  and  Christian 
Slavery,  Lon.,  1849,  '53,  12mo. 

Davies,  Edward.    Art  of  War,  Lon.,  1618,  4to. 

Davies,  Edward.     Serm.,  1769,  8vo. 

Davies,  Edward,  1756-1831,  Rector  of  Bishopston, 
and  Chancellor  of  Brecon.  Vacunalia;  Essay  in  verse, 
Lon.,  1788,  8vo.  Twelve  Dialogues  on  Different  Subjects, 
1801,  Svo.  Celtic  Researches,  or  the  Origin,  Traditions, 
and  Languages  of  the  Ancient  Britons,  1804,  Svo.  The 
Rites  and  Mythology  of  the  British  Druids,  1809,  r.  Svo. 

"  But  above  all  other  works  on  the  subject  of  Druidism  would 
we  recommend  Davies,  the  author  of  the  Celtic  Researches.  His 
History  of  the  British  Druids  is  a  perfect  mine  of  information  on 
their  most  recondite  antiquities.  Davies,  though  not  free  from  the 
hyper-enthusiasm  which  always  runs  in  the  blood  of  the  Welsh, 
has  never  been  excelled  by  any  writer  who  has  yet  discussed  Druid- 
ical  Literature." — Lon.  Monthly  Magazine. 

Davies,  Lady  Eleanor,  1603-1652,  daughter  of 
Lord  George  Audley,  Earl  of  Castlehaven,  and  wife  of  the 
celebrated  Sir  John  Davies,  gained  great  notoriety  as  a 
prophetess.  She  pub.  a  number  of  addresses,  appeals,  pro 
phecies,  &c.,  1641-52.  Her  Strange  and  Wonderful  Pro 
phecies  appeared  in  1649,  4to.  See  Heylin's  Life  of  Arch 
bishop  Laud,  and  Ballard's  British  Ladies. 

Davies,  Evan.     Lightning,  Phil.  Trans.,  1730. 

Davies,  Franc.     ACatichisme,  Lon.,  1612,  Svo. 

Davies,  Rev.  G.     Introduc.  to  Reading,  1810, 12mo. 

Davies,  George  Harley,  Comedian.  The  Fight  of 
Trafalgar ;  a  Descriptive  Poem,  1806,  4to. 

Davies,  Griffith.  Key  to  B.'s  Trigonometry,1814,8vo. 

Davies,  Henry,  M.D.  Young  Wife's  Guide,  Lon., 
1852,  Svo. 

Davies,  Herbert.  On  the  Physical  Diagnosis  of  the 
Diseases  of  the  Lungs  and  Heart,  Lon.,  1851,  p.  Svo;  2d 
ed.,  revised  and  enlarged,  1854. 

"The  first  edition  of  this  work  was  published  in  1851,  and  we 
then  recommended  it  to  the  attentive  consideration  of  our  readers 
as  embodying  the  latest  views  of  the  Vienna  School.  So  valuable 
a  work  cannot  fail  to  reach  many  editions." — Lon.  Med.  Times  and 
Gazette. 

Davies,  Rev.  Hugh.  Welsh  Botanology,  Lon.,  1813, 
Svo.  Con.  to  Trans.  Linn.  Soc.,  1794,  1811,  '15. 

Davies,  J.     Instructions  for  History,  1680,  Svo. 

Davies,  James.     Serm.,  Lon.,  1679,  4to. 

Davies,  James.     Serm.,  1716,  4to. 

Davies,  James.  Address  to  the  Aged,Lon.,1734,12mo. 

Davies,  James.  Supremacy  of  the  Scriptures,  with 
a  Preface  by  the  Rev.  J.  P.  Smith,  D.D.,  Lon.,  1846, 12mo. 

"  To  those  who  wish,  by  a  single  strain  of  thought,  well  sus 
tained,  to  find  weapons  to  beat  down  the  whole  fabric  of  Popery, 
and  every  kindred  system,  we  recommend  Mr.  Davies's  masterly 
treatise." — Lon.  Evangelical  Mag. 

Davies, James  Seymour.  Stubborn  Facts,1812,8vo. 

Davies,  Sir  John,  1570-1626,  a  native  of  Wiltshire, 
was  educated  at  Queen's  College,  Oxford,  and  afterwards 
studied  law.  In  1603  he  was  sent  as  solicitor-general  to 
Ireland,  soon  rose  to  be  attorney-general,  and  subsequently 
was  appointed  one  of  the  judges  of  assize.  In  1607  he 
was  knighted,  and  after  filling  several  offices  with  great 
credit,  he  was  in  1626  appointed  Lord  Chief  Justice  of 
England,  but  "died  suddenly  before  the  ceremony  of  set 
tlement  or  installation  could  be  performed."" 

Nosce  Teipsum:  This  Oracle  expounded  in  two  Elegies: 
1st,  of  Human  Knowledge,  2d,  Of  the  Soul  of  Man,  and 
the  Immortality  thereof :  title  of  2d  ed.  pub.  1602,  4to;  1st 
pub.  in  1599,  4to.  Yet  the  dedication  to  Queen  Elizabeth 
bears  date  1592.  See  Chalmers's  Biog.  Diet. 

"  This  poem  is,  without  dispute,  except  Spenser's  Faery  Queen, 
the  best  that  was  written  in  Queen  Elizabeth's  or  even  in  King 
James  the  First's  time." — Note  in  the  edit,  of  Davies's  Poet  Works 
1773,  12mo. 

"The  author  of  this  poem  merits  a  lasting  honour;  for,  as  he 
w.as  a  most  eloquent  lawyer,  so,  in  the  composition  of  this  piece, 
we  admire  him  for  a  good  poet  and  exact  philosopher."— N.  TATE- 
Pref.  to  4th  ed.,  1697,  Svo. 

31 


DAV 

"  Davies's  Nosce  Teipsum  is  an  excellent  poem,  in  opening  the 
nature,  faculties,  and  certain  immortality  of  man's  soul." — RICHARD 
BAXTER:  Prefatory  Address  to  his  Poetical  Fragments,  1681. 

"  Perhaps  no  language  can  produce  a  poem,  extending  to  so  great 
a  length,  of  more  condensation  of  thought,  or  iu  which  fewer  lan 
guid  verses  will  be  found.  .  .  .  Very  few  have  been  able  to  preserve 
a  perspicuous  brevity  without  stiffness  or  pedantry,  (allowance 
made  for  the  subject  and  the  time,)  in  metaphysical  reasoning,  so 
successfully  as  Sir  John  Davies."— HALLAM  :  Introduc.  to  Lit.  of 

"  In  the  happier  parts  of  his  poem  we  come  to  logical  truths  so 
well  illustrated  by  ingenious  similes,  that  we  know  not  whether 
to  call  the  thoughts  more  poetically  or  philosophically  just.  The 
judgment  and  fancy  are  reconciled,  and  the  imagery  of  the  poet 
seems  to  start  more  vividly  from  the  surrounding  shades  of  ab 
straction."— CAMPBELL. 

"  Sir  John  Davies  and  Sir  William  Davenant,  avoiding  equally 
the  opposite  faults  of  too  artificial  and  too  careless  a  style,  wrote 
in  numbers  which  for  precision  and  clearness,  and  felicity  and 
strength,  have  never  been  surpassed." — SOUTHET. 

The  edition  of  his  poetical  works  pub.  in  1773,  12mo, 
already  referred  to,  contains,  in  addition  to  the  above-no 
ticed  poem,  the  Hymns  of  Astrea — acrostics  in  praise  of 
Elizabeth— and  Orchestra,  a  Poem  on  Dancing. 

Reports  of  Cases  in  the  Law  in  the  King's  Courts  in  Ire 
land,  2  Jac.I.-lO  Jac.L,  (1604-12,)  with  a  learned  Pre 
face,  dedicated  to  Lord  Chancellor  Ellesmere,  Dublin,  1615, 
fol.j  Lon.,  1628,  '78,  (in  French;)  4th  ed.,  1762,  (in  Eng 
lish,)  Dublin,  Svo.  These  were  the  first  reports  of  Irish 
judgments  which  had  ever  been  made  public  during  the 
400  years  that  the  laws  of  England  had  existed  in  that 
kingdom.  The  preface  to  these  reports,  which  is  "  a  very 
learned  and  eloquent  eulogium"  on  the  Common  Law  of 
England,  and  a  vindication  of  its  professors,  "vies  with 
Coke  in  solidity  and  learning,  and  equals  Blackstone  in 
classical  illustration  and  elegant  language." 

In  addition  to  the  above-noticed  works,  and  some  Essays, 
Ac.,  Sir  John  pub.  an  abridgt.  of  Coke's  Reports,  and  a 
number  of  historical  and  political  tracts.  George  Chal 
mers  pub.  in  1786,  Svo,  an  edit,  of  his  Historical  Tracts; 
the  best  known  of  which  is  A  Discoverie  of  the  Trve  Cavses 
why  Ireland  was  neuer  entirely  subdued,  nor  brought  un 
der  Obedience  to  the  Crowne  of  Englond,  until  the  begin 
ning  of  his  Majesty's  Raigne,  Lon.,  1612,  4to;  Dubl.,  1664, 
'66,  Svo;  1704,  fol.;  Lon.,  1747,  12mo.  It  would  be  diffi 
cult  to  commend  this  performance  too  highly  : 

"The  very  best  view  of  the  political  state  of  Ireland  from  the 
reign  of  Henry  II.  to  that  of  James  I." — BISHOP  NICOLSON. 

'•  A  great  performance :  a  masterly  work,  and  contains  much 
depth  and  extensive  knowledge  in  state  matters  and  settling  of 
countries,  in  a  very  short  compass." — EARL  OF  CHATHAM. 

In  versatility  of  talent,  brilliancy  of  imagination,  po 
litical  wisdom,  and  literary  taste,  few  Englishmen  have 
equalled  Sir  John  Davies. 

See  Athen.  Oxon. ;  Biog.  Brit. ;  Johnson  and  Chalmers's 
English  Poets,  1810;  Life  by  George  Chalmers,  prefixed 
to  his  Tracts;  Warton's  Hist,  of  Eng.  Poetry;  Ellis's  Spe 
cimens;  Marvin's  Legal  Bibl. ;  Wallace's  Reporters;  Re- 
trosp.  Review,-v.  44,  1822. 

Davies,  John.  Outinam  : — 1.  For  Queene  Elizabeth's 
Securitie.  2.  For  her  Subiects  Prosperitie.  3.  Foragene- 
rall  Conformitie.  4.  And  for  England's  Tranquilitie,  Lon., 
1591,  16mo. 

"  This  volume  consists  of  a  fulsome  sermonical  address  to  the 
people;  an  indecent  prayer  for  the  queen,  &c.,  and  closes  with 
seven  six-line  stanzas  which  are  only  remarkable  for  their  demerit." 
— T.  PARK. 

Davies,  John,  D.D.,  a  native  of  Wales,  studied  at 
Jesus  College  and  Lincoln  College,  Oxford.  Antiquae  Lin 
guae  Britannicaa,  <fec.,  Lon.,  1592,  fol.  Dictionarium  Latino- 
Britannicum,  by  T.  Williams ;  to  which  is  added  Adagia 
Britannica,  Authorum  Britannicorum  Nomina  et  quando 
floruerunt,  1632.  Parson's  Resolutions  trans,  into  Welsh. 
He  assisted  in  a  version  of  the  Welsh  Bible,  pub.  1620. 

"  This  author  was  esteemed  by  the  academicians  well  vers'd  in 
the  history  and  antiquities  of  his  own  nation,  and  in  the  Greek 
and  Hebrew  languages,  a  most  exact  critic,  an  indefatigable  searcher 
into  ancient  scripts,  and  well  acquainted  with  curious  and  rare 
authors." — Athen.  Oxon. 

Davies,  or  Davis,  John,  "  of  Hereford,"  educated  at 
Oxford,  became  famous  as  a  poet  and  a  writing-master. 
Mr.  Chalmers  supposes  his  Mirum  in  Modum,  a  Glympse  of 
God's  Glorie  and  the  Soule's  Shape,  1602, 4to,  to  have  been 
his  earliest  work.  Sold  at  Lloyd's  sale  for  £5  2*.  6cf. 
Witte's  Pilgrimage,  sine  anno;  Bibl.  Anglo-Poet,  £25; 
Perry  Sale,  £28.  The  Holy  Roode  or  Christ's  Crosse; 
Bibl.  Anglo-Poet.,  £15  15*.  Other  publications.  A  list 
of  his  works  will  be  found  in  Athen.  Oxon.,  and  in 
Lowndes's  Bibl.  Manual,  and  notices  of  most  of  them  in 
Censura  Literaria,  The  Bibliographer,  and  Restituta. 

"  Sir  John  Davies  was  more  a  scholar  than  a  lawyer ;  but  this 
John  Davies  was  more  a  poet  than  a  scholar,  and  somewhat  en- 
clined  towards  the  law;  which  hath  made  some  unwary  readers 
take  the  writings  of  one  for  the  other."— Athen.  Oxon. 


DAY 

Davies,  John,  1625-1693,  a  native  of  Carmarthen 
shire,  made  many  trans,  from  the  French  into  English. 
We  notice  a  few  of  his  publications.  Hist  of  the  Carribby 
Islands,  fol.,  Lon.,  1666;  year  of  the  great  fire;  therefore 
this  is  a  rare  work.  Voyages  and  Travels  of  Frederic's 
Ambassadors,  1662,  fol.  Peregrinations,  1669,  fol.  Rites 
and  Monuments  of  Durham,  1672,  8vo. 

Davies,  John.  Answers  to  Papers  on  Free-Trade, 
1641,  4to. 

Davies,  John.    Apocalypsis,  Lon.,  1658,  12mo. 
Davies,  John,  D.D.,  1679-1732,  Prebendary  of  Ely, 
was  a  native  of  London,  and  educated  at  Queen's  College, 
Cambridge,  of  which  he  became  Fellow.     He  attained  con 
siderable  reputation  as  a  philologist.     Maximi  Tyrii  Dis- 
sertationes  Gr.  et  Lat.  ex  interpretationes  Heinsii,  <fcc.,  1703, 
8vo.     C.  Julii  Csesaris,  &c.,  Cant.,  1706  et  '27, 4to.     De  Na- 
tura  Deorum,  1718,  8vo.     Other  publications,  1707-27. 
Davies,  John.     Display  of  Herauldry,  1716,  12mo. 
Davies,  John.     Serms.,  &c.,  1799,  1802,  '05,  '14. 
Davies,  John.  Innkeeper's  Guide,  Leeds,  1806, 12mo. 
Davies,  John.     Cases  resp.  Patents,  Lon.,  1816,  8vo. 
These  Cases  are  held  "in  high  estimation."     See  Pref.  to 
Phil,  on  Pat. 

Davies,  Rev.  John.  Essay  on  the  0.  and  N.  Test., 
Camb.,  1843,  8vo.  Estimate  of  the  Human  Mind,  Lon., 
8vo ;  new  ed.,  1847. 

"  A  great  variety  of  topics  of  vast  interest  are  ably  and  eloquently 
discussed." — Lon.  Congregational  Mag. 
Cultivation  of  the  Mind,  Lon.,  8vo. 
"  An  able  Christian  view  of  the  subject."— BICKERSTETH. 
"Mr.  Davies  is  every  way  qualified  for  the  task  he  has  here  un 
dertaken."—  Imperial  Mag. 

The  Ordinances  of  Religion  practically  Illustrated  and 
Applied,  Lon.,  8vo. 

"  We  content  ourselves  with  a  hearty  recommendation  of  the 
volume." — Lon.  Pulpit. 

Davies,  Joseph.  Increase  of  Home  Trade,  Ac.,  Lon., 
1731,  8yo. 

Davies,  Myles,  a  Welsh  divine,  a  native  of  Tre'r- 
Abbot,  Flintshire.  Icon  Libellorum;  or  a  Critical  Hist, 
of  Pamphlets,  Lon.,  1715,  8vo;  this  work  is  included  in 
the  following :  Athense  Britannicae,  or  a  Critical  Hist,  of 
Oxford  and  Cambridge  Writers  and  Writings.  This  work 
is  one  of  the  rarest  in  the  English  tongue.  Mr.  H.  G. 
Bohn's  Cat.  of  1841  contains  the  Icon  Libellorum,  8vo, 
Athense  Britannicae,  3  vols.  8vo ;  andl  vol.  4to,  1716;  vols. 
i.  and  ii.  being  a  Crit.  Hist,  of  Pamphlets.  The  4  vols.  are 
marked  £5  5s.  In  his  Cat.  for  1848  the  6  vols.  are  marked 
£10  10«.  The  5  vols.  were  pub.  in  8vo,  1716,  and  one  (vol.  4) 
in  4to.  The  six  were  sold  at  the  Bindley  sale  for  £10  10s. 
See  an  interesting  account  of  Davies  in  Disraeli's  Calami 
ties  of  Authors.  He  pub.  two  theological  treatises  on 
Arianism  and  Romanism. 

Davies,  Richard,  Bishop  of  St.  David's.  Fun.  Serm. 
on  the  Earl  of  Essex,  Lon.,  1577, 4to.  Epistle  to  the  Welsh. 
Reprinted,  Oxon.,  1671,  8vo. 

Davies,  Richard.     Chester's  Trivmph  in  honovr  of 

her  Prince.     As  it  was  performed  vpon  St.  George's  Day 

in  the  foresaid  Citie,  Lon.,  1610,  4to.     Bibl.  Anglo-Poet., 

223,  £25.   Reprinted  in  Nichols's  Progresses  of  K.  James  I. 

Davies, Richard.  Convincement,&c.,Lon.,l  710,12mo. 

Davies,Richard,M.D.  Profess.,Ac.  treatises,1759,&c. 

Davies,  Robert,  1770-1836,  a  Welsh  poet,  wrote  a 

Welsh  Grammar,  and  some  poetical  works  in  Welsh,  which 

are  highly  esteemed. 

Davies,Roger.  Existence  of  a  Divine  Being,!  724,8vo. 
Davies,  Samuel.     Serms.,  1758,  '59,  8vo. 
Davies,  Rev.  Samuel,  1724-1761,  a  native  of  New 
castle,  Delaware,  preached  with  great  success  in  Virginia. 
In  1759  he  succeeded  Jonathan  Edwards  in  the  Presidency 
of  the  College  of  New  Jersey  at  Princeton.     Mr.  D.  main 
tained  an  exemplary  character  in  all  the  relations  of  life, 
Religion  and  Patriotism  the  constituents  of  a  good  soldier 
a  Serm.,  preached  Aug.  17,  1755,  Phila.,  1756,  8vo,  pp.  38 
In  a  note  to  this  discourse,  p.  12,  Mr.  Davies  remarks 
speaking  of  "martial  spirit:" 

"  As  a  remarkable  instance  of  this,  I  may  point  out  to  the  pub 
lic  that  heroic  youth,  Colonel  [afterwards "General]  Washington 
whom  1  cannot  but  hope  Providence  has  hitherto  preserved  in  so 
signal  a  manner  for  some  important  service  to  his  country." 

The  Crisis  considered,  with  reference  to  Great  Britain 
and  her  Colonies,  a  Serm.,  Lon.,  1757,  8vo.  This  contain 
some  curious  particulars  relative  to  the  loss  of  Oswego 
Braddock's  Defeat,  &c.  Other  serms.  and  addresses.  See 
Middleton's  Biog.  Evangel. ;  Rice's  Memoirs  of  Davies,  &c 
A  collection  of  his  sermons  was  pub.  by  Drs.  Finley  anc 
Gibbons  of  London,  1767-71,  5  vols.  8vo;  later  edits,  in  ^ 
vols.,  (Lon.,  1824,)  and  in  3  vols.,  (N.  York,  1849, 1851.)  Mr 
Davies  excelled  in 


DAV 

Animated  and  pathetic  application,  in  which  he  collects  and 
oncentrates  what  he  has  been  proving  in  his  discourses,  and  argues 
ith  all  the  powers  of  forcible  and  melting  persuasion  to  the  heart. 
.  .  I  most  sincerely  wish  that  young  ministers,  more  especially, 
ould  peruse  these  volumes  with  the  deepest  attention  and  serious- 
ess,  and  endeavour  to  form  their  discourses  according  to  the  mo- 
el  of  our  author."— DR.  THOMAS  GIBBONS. 

Evangelical.    His  style  and  manner  are  not  always  good,  hut 
eing  posthumous,  he  is  less  to  be  blamed.     On  Church  Govern 
ment  he  takes  the  side  of  Dissenters." — BICKERSTETH. 

"  President  Davies  is  generally  cited  as  the  most  eloquent  Ame- 
ican  divine  of  the  past  age.  His  sermons  are  formed  on  the  decla- 
latory  and  French  models,  and  are  direct,  vehement,  often  elo- 
uent  and  moving  appeals,  hut  wanting  accuracy  and  finish." 
"  Had  the  editor  been  less  scrupulous,  the  sermons  might  have 
ppeared  to  much  greater  advantage  as  to  the  method,  proportions, 
;c.  They  should  be  read,  not  as  models  of  composition,  but  in 
eference  to  the  serious  truths  they  contain,  and  the  vivida  vis 
nimi  of  the  author."— DR.  E.  WILLIAMS. 

"  They  abound  with  striking  thoughts,  with  the  beauties  and 
legancies  of  expression,  and  with  the  richest  imagery." — PRESI- 
>ENT  ALLEN. 

The  edit,  of  Davies's  sermons  pub.  in  New  York,  1851, 
vols.  8vo,  contains  an  essay  on  the  Life  and  Times  of  the 
Author,  by  the  Rev.  Albert  Barnes  of  Philadelphia. 

Davies,  Sneyd,  d.  1769,  wrote  several  of  the  anony 
mous  imitations  of  Horace  in  Dunconibe's  edit.,  1767,  and 
ee  end  of  vol.  iv.,  and  Poems  in  Dodsley's  and  Nichols's 
Collection,  and  in  the  Alumni  Etonenses.     See  account  of 
Davies  in  Nichols's  Literary  Collection. 
Davies,  Thomas.     Serm.  on  Amos  ix.  2,  8vo. 
Davies, Thomas.   Sixteen  Discourses,Lon.,1720,8vo. 
Davies,  Thomas.     Laws  rel.  to  Bankrupts,  1744,  fol. 
Davies,  Thomas,  1712?-1785,  studied  at  the  Uni- 
ersity  of  Edinburgh,  and  became  an  actor  and  bookseller. 
Dr.  Johnson,  who  valued  him  highly,  and  declared  that  he 
was  "learned  enough  for  a  clergyman,"  assisted  him  libe 
rally  in  his  pecuniary  difficulties.     He  married  Miss  Yar 
row,  a  celebrated  beauty,  to  whom  we  shall  refer  presently. 
Life  of  David  Garrick,  Lon.,  1780,  2  vols.  8vo.     New 
v5th)  ed.  by  Stephen  Jones,  1808.     Dramatic  Miscellanies, 
i.784,  '85,  3  vols.  8vo.     Lives  of  Dr.  John  Eachard,  Sir 
John  Davies,  and  Mr.  Lillo,  prefixed  to  the  eds.  of  their 
works  pub.  by  T.  Davies.     Memoirs  of  Henderson.     Life 
of  Massinger.     Review  of  Lord  Chesterfield's  Character. 
Dramatic  Works  of  George  Lillo,  with  Memoirs  of  the  Au 
thor,  1810,  2  vols.  18mo.     Interesting  particulars  of  our 
author  will  be  found  in  Boswell's  Johnson.     It  was  at  the 
bouse  of  the  bookseller  that  the  biographer  was  first  intro 
duced  to  the  great  lexicographer.     Who  that  has  ever  read 
Boswell's  amusing  account  of  this  introduction  can  ever 

forget  it? 

•'Both  Davies  and  his  wife  (who  has  been  celebrated  for  her 
beauty)  maintained  an  uniform  decency  of  character;  and  John 
son  esteemed  them,  and  lived  in  as  easy  an  intimacy  with  them  as 
with  any  family  which  he  used  to  visit." 

Churchill's  unmerciful  ridicule  of  Davies's  acting  drove 
him  from  the  stage : 

"  With  him  came  mighty  Davies :— on  my  life 
That  Davies  has  a  very  pretty  wife! 
Statesman  all  over, — in  plots  famous  grown, — 
He  mouths  a  sentence  as  curs  mouth  a  bone." 

The  Rosciad. 

This  was  too  much  for  Davies,  and  he  again  tried  book 
selling  as  a  vocation.  If  he  could  not  "act  well  his  part" 
himself,  he  contrived  to  profit  by  the  success  of  a  brother 
actor;  for  his  Life  of  Garrick  relieved  him  of  the  res  an- 
gusta  domi,  and  gave  him  fame  in  the  world  of  letters. 

Davies,  Maj.  Gen.  Thomas.  Con.  in  Zoology  and 
Ornithology  to  Trans.  Linn.  Soc.,  1798,  1802. 

Davies,  Thomas  S.  Button's  Mathemat.,  12th  ed., 
by  Gregory  and  Davies,  Lon.,  1840,  2  vols.  8vo.  Solutions 
of  the  principal  questions  of  Button's  Mathemat.,  1840,  8vo. 

"The  solutions  exhibit  a  degree  of  simplicity,  ingenuity,  and 
elegance,  rarely  to  be  met  with  in  works  of  this  nature."— Kelso 
Chronicle,. 

Davies,  Rev.  Walter.  General  View  of  the  Agri- 
cult,  and  Domestic  Economy  of  North  Wales,Lon.,181  l,8vo. 

'•The  report  exhibits  much  sound  information,  and  an  acute 
judgment  on  every  point  of  discussion.  It  has  always  beun  es 
teemed  and  recommended  as  a  source  whence  information  may  be 
got." — Donaldson's  AgricuU.  Bi»g. 

Davies,  William.  A  True  Relation  of  his  own  Tra- 
vailes  and  most  miserable  Captiuitie,  Lon.,  1614,  4to.  Re 
printed  in  the  Oxford  Collection  of  Voyages  and  Travels, 
vol.  i. 

Davies,  Wm.  Plays  for  a  private  Theatre,  Lon., 
1786,  8vo. 

Davies,  sometimes  Davis,  q.  v. 

Daviess,  Col.  Joseph  H.,  of  Kentucky,  d.  1811. 
View  of  the  President's  Conduct  con.  the  conspiracy  of  1806. 

Daville,  John.     Serm.  on  Ephes.  v.  6,  1745,  8vo. 
Davis.     Welsh  and  Latin  Dictionary,  Lon.,  1632,  foL 


BAY 

A  Catalogue  of  the  most  noted  British  Authors,  Ac.  is  an 
nexed  to  this  volume,  which  is  truly  a  liber  rarisnmus. 
Davis.  Hosanna  hefore  the  Bishops,  Lon.,  1642,  4to. 
Davis.  Explanation  and  Vindication  of  the  Rubrics 
before  the  New  Office  for  the  llth  of  June,  Oxf.,  1731,  8vo. 
Davis,  Andrew  Jackson,  the  Poughkeepsie  Seer 
and  Clairvoyant,  was  born  at  Blooming  Grove,  Orange  co., 
N.Y.  1826.  1.  Nature's  Divine  Revelations,  pp.  800,  8vo, 
NY  2  The  Great  Harmonia,  6  vols.  12mo ;  containing 
Physician,  Teacher,  Seer,  Ac.  3.  Review  of  Dr.  Horace 
Bushnell  on  Supernaturalism.  4.  Philosophy  of  Spiritual 
Intercourse,  8vo.  5.  Philosophy  of  Special  Providences, 
Svo.  6.  Harmonial  Man ;  or,  Thoughts  for  the  Age,  8vo. 
7  Free  Thoughts  concerning  Religion,  Svo.  8.  Present  Age 
and  Inner  Life.  9.  The  Penetralia  :  Harmonical  Answers. 
We  append  notices  of  two  of  Mr.  Davis's  publications : 

"We  can  regard  this  book  [The  Great  Harmonia]  in  no  other 
li"ht  than  as  part  of  a  series  of  systematic  impostures.  The  mfi- 
delitv  of  our  day  is  to  a  considerable  extent  combined  with  an 

amazing  degree  of  credulity  and  superstition We  have  no 

hesitation  in  predicting  that  money  will  be  lost  upon  this  volume 
and  the  remainder  of  the  series— either  by  the  publishers  or  by  the 
purchasers— and  we  think  it  would  be  full  as  well  for  the  world  at 
large  that  the  loss  should  fall  upon  the  former."— Norton's  (New 
York}  Literary  Gazette. 

A  well-known  writer  thus  refers  to  the  Principles  of  Na 
ture,  her  Divine  Revelation,  and  a  Voice  to  Mankind: 

"  Taken  as  a  whole,  the  work  is  a  profound  and  elaborate  discus 
sion  of  the  Philosophy  of  the  Universe;  and  tor  grandeur  of  con 
ception,  soundness  of  principle,  clearness  of  illustration,  order  of 
arrangement,  and  encyclopedical  range  of  subjects,  I  know  of  no 
work  of  any  single  mind  that  will  bear  away  from  it  the  palm.  To 
every  theme  the  inditing  mind  approaches  with  a  certain  latent 
consciousness  of  mastery  of  all  its  principles,  details,  and  techni 
calities  ;  and  yet  without  the  least  ostentatious  display  of  superior 
mental  powers."— PROFESSOR  BUSH. 

Davis,  Asahel,  b.  1791,  in  Massachusetts.     Ancient 
America  and  Researches  of  the  East,  30th  thousand,  1854. 
Davis, Crusoe  R.  Life  and  Adventures  of,  Lon.,  1756. 
Davis,  Daniel,  of  Boston,  1773-1835.     Criminal  Jus 
tice,  Boston,  2d  ed.,  1828,  Svo ;  3d  ed.  by  F.  F.  Heard. 
"  A  valuable  manual  of  criminal  law." — Marvin's  Lfgal  Bibl. 
Precedents  of  Indictments,  Boston,  1831,  Svo. 
Davis,  Daniel,  Jr.    Manual  of  Magnetism,  6th  ed., 
Boston,  1854,  12mo.      One  of  the  best  works  upon  the 
subject. 

Davis,  David  D.,  M.D.  Trans,  of  Phinel  on  In 
sanity,  Sheff.,  1806,  8vo.  Acute  Hydrocephalus,  Lon., 
1840,  8vo. 

"  A  treatise  eminently  calculated  to  exalt  the  high  reputation 
which  already  distinguishes  its  author." — Edin.  Month.  Med.  Jour., 
Jan.  1841. 

Elements  of  Obstetric  Medicine,  Lon.,  4to.  New  ed.  in 
10  Nos.  Svo,  and  70  plates  in  4to,  1842. 

"  WTe  do  not,  therefore,  hesitate  to  say  that  it  is  a  work  which 
ought  to  be  found  on  the  table  of  every  teacher  and  medical  prac 
titioner." — Edin.  Medical  and  Surgical  Magazine,  Jan.  1842. 
Davis,  Edward,  Surgeon.  Con.  to  Phil.  Trans.,  1747 
Davis,  Edwin  Hamilton,  b.  1811,  in  Ross  county, 
Ohio ;  appointed  Prof,  of  Materia  Medica  and  Therapeu 
tics  in  the  New  York  Medical  College  in  1850.  As  early 
as  1833  he  commenced  his  antiquarian  researches,  the 
results  of  which  have  been  pub.  as  the  1st  vol.  of  the 
Smithsonian  Contributions  to  Knowledge,  entitled:  1 
Monuments  of  the  Mississippi  Valley,  by  E.  G.  Squier 
and  E.  H.  Davis.  2.  Report  on  the  Statistics  of  Calculous 
Disease  in  Ohio,  1850,  Svo. 

Davis,  Francis.    A  Catechism,  Lon.,  1612,  Svo. 
Davis,  George.     Serms.,  1758,  '63,  4to. 
Davis,  Rev.  H.  Exercises  in  Latin,  Lon.,  1844, 12mo 
Davis,  Henry  W.  The  War  of  Ormuzd  and  Ahriman 
in  the  Nineteenth  Century,  Baltimore,  1853,  Svo. 

Davis,  Rev.  Henry  Edwards,  1756-1784,  edu 
cated  at,  and  Fellow  and  Tutor  of,  Baliol  Coll.,  Oxford 
when  only  twenty-one  pub.  an  examination  of  Gibbon's  15th 
and  16th  chapters  of  the  Decline  and  Fall,  Lon.,  1778,  Svo, 
He  charges  Gibbon  with  misrepresentations  of  authors 
cited  and  with  want  of  accuracy  in  his  statements.  The 
historian  pub.  a  Vindication,  which  Davis  answered  in  A 
Reply  to  Mr.  Gibbon's  Vindication,  1779,  Svo. 
Davis,  Hewlett.  Farming  Essays,  Lon.,  1848,  Svo. 
"  These  essays  are  very  particular  for  sound  practice  and  enlight 
ened  judgment." — Donaldson's  AgricuU.  Biog. 

Davis,  Hugh.  De  Jure  Uniformitatis  Ecclesiastics 
of  the  rights  belong,  to  an  unif.  in  Churches,  Lon.,  1669. 

Davis,  J.  Exposition  of  the  Laws  rel.  to  the  Medica! 
Profession,  Lon.,  1844,  Svo. 

Davis,  J.  B.,  M.D.  1.  Fever  of  Walcheren,  Lon., 
1810,  Svo.  2.  Hist,  of  Nice,  1807.  3.  Bognor,  1807' 
4.  Asphyxies.  5.  Project.  6.  France,  Ac.,  1807,  2  vols 
12mo. 


DAV 

Davis,  J.  C.  B.    Mass.  Justice,  Worcest.,  1847,  Svo. 
Davis,  Jo.     Minucius  Felix,  cum  Notis  Jo.  Davisii, 
Glasg.,  1750,  12mo. 

Davis,  John,  d.  1605,  a  celebrated  navigator,  was  a 
native  of  Sandridge,  Devonshire.  Between  1585  and  '87 
he  made  three  voyages  for  the  discovery  of  a  Northwest 
passage.  He  discovered  the  strait  which  bears  his  name. 
In  1571  he  sailed  with  Cavendish  in  his  voyage  to  the 
South  Sea,  and  subsequently  made  five  voyages  to  the  East 
Indies  as  pilot.  In  the  last  he  was  killed  by  the  Japanese 
n  the  Strait  of  Malacca.  A  Traverse  Book  by  J.  D.  in 
1587.  A  Report  of  J.  D.  of  his  three  voyages  made  for 
he  Discovery  of  the  N.  West  Passage.  Pub.  by  Hakluyt. 
The  World's  Hydrographicall  Description,  Lon.,  1595,  Svo. 
This  very  rare  vol.  was  pub.  by  Davis  himself.  The  Sea 
men's  Secrets,  1595,  Svo,  1626  and  1657, 4to.  See  Hakluyt's 
ollection  of  Voyages. 

Davis,  John.    News  from  Ireland,  Ac.,  Lon.,  1642, 4to. 
Davis,  John.     Theolog.  treatises,  Ac.,  1652,  '55. 
Davis,  John.     Serm.,  1814,  Svo. 
Davis,  John.     Travels  of  four  and  a  half  years  in  the 
U.  States,  1799-1802,  Lon.,  1803,  Svo;  1817.     Contains 
some  interesting  facts  relating  to  Pres.  Jefferson,  Col.  Burr, 
Ac.     He  pub.  some  other  works. 

"  With  more  sincerity  than  is  usual  among  travellers,  he  states 
that  he  made  his  tour  on  foot,  because  he  could  not  afford  the  ex 
pense  of  a  horse." — Rich's  Bibl.  Amtr.  Nova. 
Davis,  Sir  John.  See  DAVIES. 
Davis,  John  A.  G.,  1802-1840,  a  lawyer  and  professor, 
born  in  Middlesex  co.,  Virginia.  Before  the  age  of  thirty 
"he  was  appointed  Law-Professor  in  the  University  of 
Virginia,  and  filled  that  chair  for  ten  years  or  longer.  In 
1839  he  pub.  a  valuable  Treatise  on  Criminal  Law,  and 
Guide  to  Justices  of  the  Peace,  pp.  600,  Svo.  For  gratuitous 
circulation,  a  tract  on  Estates  Tail  Executory  Devises,  and 
Contingent  Remainders  under  the  Virginia  Statutes  modi 
fying  the  Common  Law;  and  another  tract  against  the 
Constitutional  right  of  Congress  to  pass  laws  expressly  and 
especially  for  the  'Protection'  of  Domestic  Manufactures, 
combating  Mr.  Madison's  views  upon  that  subject.  In 
Nov.  1840,  Mr.  Davis  was  shot  with  a  pistol  by  a  rioting 
student,  whom  he,  in  obedience  to  the  university -laws,  was 
endeavouring  to  arrest.  After  lingering  for  several  days, 
he  died,  leaving  a  widow  and  seven  children." 

Davis,  John  Ford,  M.D.  Carditis,  Bath,  1808, 12mo. 
Davis,  Sir  John  Francis,  Governor  of  Hong  Kong, 
formerly  Her  British  Majesty's  Chief  Superintendent  in 
China.  1.  The  Chinese :  a  General  Description  of  China 
and  its  inhabitants,  Lon.,  1836,  2  vols.  p.  Svo.  Several 
edits.,  1840,  Ac. 

"  Mr.  Davis  resided  twenty  years  at  Canton,  where  he  at  length 
rose  to  be  chief  of  the  factory;  he  accompanied  Lord  Amherst's 
embassy  to  Pekin;  and  he  ranks  as  one  of  the  few  Europeans  who 
have  ever  really  mastered  the  language  and  literature  of  China. 
We  have  a  right,  therefore,  to  consider  the  statements  which  he 
has  now  submitted  to  the  public  as  containing  as  full  and  correct 
a  view  of  this  singular  people,  of  their  government,  laws,  and  in 
stitutions — and,  in  short,  of  the  whole  frame  of  their  society,  as 
the  many  difficulties  with  which  the  subject  is  beset  will  permit." — 
Lon.  Quarterly  Review. 

"This  is  undoubtedly  the  best  work  on  China  in  the  English 
language."— McCuUocKs  Lit.  of  Polit.  Economy. 

"  My  information  is  derived  from  Mr.  Davis's  able  and  lucid  work 
on  China."— DUKE  OF  WELLINGTON. 

2.  Chinese  Moral  Maxims,  with  Translations,  Svo.  3.  Chi 
nese  Novels,  Svo.  4.  The  Massacre  of  Benares;  a  chapter 
from  British  Indian  History,  fp.  Svo. 

"  The  whole  of  this  spirit-stirring  volume  is  well  entitled  to  pe 
rusal." — Lon:  Literary  Gazette. 

5.  Sketches  of  China,  2  vols.  p.  Svo,  1841;  and  new  ed. 
6.  China  during  the  War  and  since  the  Peace,  1852,  2  vols. 
p.  Svo ;  new  ed.,  1857,  2  vols.  p.  Svo. 

The  reader  can  perhaps  learn  as  much  of  the  Chinese  from 
these  works  as  from  any  other  volumes  in  the  language. 
Davis,  Joseph.     Last  Legacy,  Lon.,  1707,  12mo. 
Davis,  Joseph.     Digest  of  Legislative  Enactments 
relating  to  the  Society  of  Friends,  commonly  called  Quakers, 
in  England;  with  occasional  Observations  and  Notes,  Lon., 
1820,  8vo;  2d  ed.,  1849,  r.  Svo. 
Davis,  M.     Thoughts  on  Dancing,  1791, 12mo. 
Davis,  M.  S.  Case  of  Rev.  C.  Jones,  N.York,  1813,  Svo. 
Davis,  Mary  Anne.    Fables  in  Verse,  1813,  12mo. 
Davis,  Matthew  L.,  of  New  York,  d.  1850,  aged  84. 
Memoirs  of  Aaron  Burr,  N.  York,  1837,  '38,  2  vols.  Svo. 
The  Private  Journal  of  Aaron  Burr,  1838, 2  vols.  Svo.     See 
an  obituary  notice  of  Mr.  Davis  in  Littell's  Living  Age, 
xxvi.  217. 

Davis,  Richard.     Auctio  Davisiana  Oxonii  habita, 
per  Gul.  Cooper  A  Ed.  Millington,  Bibliopol.  Lond.,Lon., 
1689,  4to. 
"  An  excellent  Latin  poem." — WOOD.  ^ 


DAY 

Davis,  Richard.     Gospel  Light,  Lon.,  12mo. 

Davis,  Richard.  Theolog.  treatises,  Lon.,  1693-1700. 

Davis,  Richard.  Narrative  of  Facts,  1789,  8vo. 
General  View  of  the  Agricult.  of  the  county  of  Oxford, 
Lon.,  1794,  4to. 

"This  is  a  very  meagre  report,  and  was  but  little  noticed."— 
Donaldson's  Agricult.  Biog. 

Davis,  Richard,  1649-1741,  an  Irish  divine.  1.  A 
Letter  to  a  Friend  (who  had  become  a  R.  Catholic)  con 
cerning  his  changing  his  Religion,  Lon.,  1694,  4to.  2.  The 
Truly  Catholic  and  Old  Religion,  showing  that  the  Esta 
blished  Church  in  Ireland  is  more  truly  a  member  of  the 
Catholic  Church  than  the  Church  of  Rome,  and  that  all 
the  ancient  Christians,  especially  in  Great  Britain  and  Ire 
land,  were  of  her  Communion,  Dublin,  1716,  4to.  3.  A 
Letter.  4.  Remarks,  4to.  5.  Serms.,  1716,  Svo;  1717,  4to. 

Davis,  Richard  Bingham,  1771-1799,  b.  in  the  city 
of  New  York.  His  Poems  were  collected  after  his  death, 
and  pub.  with  a  Memoir  by  John  T.  Irving,  N.  York,  1807. 

Davis,  Thomas.  General  View  of  the  Agricult.  of 
the  County  of  Wilts,  Lon.,  1794,  4to;  1811,  8vo. 

Davis,  Thomas.  Poems,  with  an  Introduction  by 
John  Mitchell,  N.  York,  1856,  18mo. 

Davis,  Thomas  A.  Cosmogony;  or,  The  Mysteries 
of  Creation,  N.  York,  1858,  8vo. 

Davis,  Rev.  W.  The  Believer's  Assurance  of  Salva 
tion:  Is  it  Attainable?  ISmo. 

Davis,  Wm.     See  DAVIES. 

Davis,  Wm.     Mathemat.  treatises,  Lon.,  1798-1813. 

Davis,  Wm.  An  Olio  of  Bibliographical  and  Literary 
Anecdotes,  Lon.,  1814,  12mo;  and  Memoranda  original 
and  selected.  A  new  edit,  has  been  pub.  A  Journey  round 
the  Library  of  a  Bibliomaniac;  or  Cento  of  Notes  and 
Reminiscences  concerning  rare,  curious,  and  valuable 
Books,  1821,  sm.  8vo.  A  Second  Journey  round  the  Li 
brary  of  a  Bibliomaniac,  1825,  sm.  8vo. 

Davis,  Wm.  The  Acts  of  Congress  in  relation  to  the 
District  of  Columbia  from  July,  1790,  to  March,  1831,  Ac., 
Wash.,  1831,  8vo. 

Davis,  Wm.     Theolog.  treatises,  Lon.,  1839,  Ac. 

Davison.  Letter  to  Bowles;  10  Letters,  1803;  refer 
ring  to  the  Nottingham  Election. 

Davison,  Alex.  Obs.  on  the  Report  of  the  Committee 
on  Military  Inquiry,  1807,  8vo. 

Davison,  !>.,  M.D.  Trans,  of  F.  C.  Schlosser's  Hist, 
of  the  18th  Century,  and  of  the  19th  till  the  Overthrow  of 
the  French  Empire,  with  particular  reference  to  Mental 
Cultivation  and  Progress,  Lon.,  1843-52,  8  vols.  8vo.  This 
work  has  been  trans,  into  French  and  Dutch  also. 

"  Schlosser  is,  as  an  historian,  second  to  none  of  his  contempora 
ries.  We  possess  in  England  no  writer  between  whom  and  him 
self  it  would  not  be  mere  irony  to  institute  any  comparison.  Ranke 
among  German  and  Thierry  among  French  historians  may  enter 
the  lists  with  him.  In  the  depth  and  variety  of  his  attainments, 
and  the  range  and  compass  of  his  view,  he  is  superior  to  them,  and 
among  modern  writers,  quite  unrivalled." — Westminster  Review. 

Davison,  Francis,  son  of  Wm.  Davison,  an  eminent 
statesman  temp.  Elizabeth.  Poetical  Rhapsody,  Lon., 
1602,  '08,  '11,  '21.  With  a  Preface  by  Sir  E.  Brydges, 
1814-17,  3  vols.  8vo.  With  Memoirs  and  Notes  by  H.  H. 
Nicholas,  1826,  cr.  8vo;  250  copies  printed,  best  ed.  This 
excellent  collection  contains  poems  by  Francis  and  Walter 
Davidson,  Sir  John  Davies,  Sir  Philip  Sydney,  Sir  Walter 
Raleigh,  the  Countess  of  Pembroke,  Spenser,  Sir  H.  Wot- 
ton,  Donne,  Greene,  and  others. 

"  How  say  you,  reader?  Is  not  the  above  a  glorious  pageant  of 
poets?  Does  not  the  mere  enumeration  of  them  beget  in  thee  a 
longing  to  explore  the  pages  which  contain  their  bright  thoughts 
and  tuneful  lines?" 

Davison,  H.,  and  Merivale,  H.  Reports  in  the 
Q.  B.  and  upon  Writs  of  Error,  &c.,1843/44,Lon.,1844,r.  Svo. 

Davison,  Hilkiah.     Serm.,  Lon.,  1720,  Svo. 

Davison,  John.  Dr.  Bancrofts  Rashness  in  rayling 
against  the  Ch.  of  Scot,  noted,  Edin.,'1590,  16ino. 

Davison,  John.     Algebra,  Lon.,  1789,  Svo. 

Davison,  John,  1777-1834,  Prebendary  of  Worcester. 
Discourses  on  Prophecy,  Lon.,  1824,  Svo ;  5th  ed.,0xf.,1845. 

«'  While  the  student  is  carried  forward  by  the  interest  of  critical 
research,  and  his  understanding  enlightened  by  the  wide  and  clear 
views  opened  to  him,  his  piety  will  not  fail  to  be  warmed,  his  faith 
strengthened,  and  his  best  affections  exalted  and  improved."— 
British  Critic. 

"Some  useful  remarks  in  this  work,  with  much  deep,  serious, 
and  original  thinking."— Bickcrsteth's  Christian  Student. 

Primitive  Sacrifice,  1825,  Svo.  Baptismal  Regeneration, 
1844,  Svo.  Remains,  and  Occasional  Publications.  Oxf 
1840,  Svo. 

Davison,  Thomas.     Serm.,  1683,  '88,  4to. 
Davison,Wm.,M.D.   Med.  and  chem.  works,  1633-60. 
Davisson,  John.     Prot.  Minister's  Mission,  1721. 


DAY 

Davors,  Jo.  Secrets  of  Angling,  by  J.  D.,  supposed 
to  be  the  above,  Lon.,  1613,  12mo.  Augmented  by  Wm. 
Lauson,  Lon.,  1652.  In  Cens.  Lit.,  1811,  and  in  1812,  8vo. 
This  rare  work  is  also  ascribed  to  Davies,  Donne,  and 
Dennys.  See  Blakey's  Lit.  of  Angling,  1856,  311. 

Davy,  Charles.  Trans,  of  Baurit's  Journey  to  the 
Glaciers  in  Savoy,  Norw.,  1775,  Svo:  in  conjunction  with  F. 
Davy.  Letters  upon  Subjects  of  Lit.,  Lon.,  1789,  2  vols.  8vo. 

College  Terms,  3d  ed.,  1824,  4  vols.  12mo;  1845,  2  vols. 
12mo.  Ruth ;  an  Oratorio.  Balaam ;  an  Oratorio. 

Davy,  Chris.  Architectural  Precedents,  Lon.,  1840, 
Svo.  Artificial  Foundations,  1841,  Svo. 

'•  A  sort  of  Chamber  Council  to  be  consulted  with  advantage  by 
all  practical  men." — Lon.  Mechanics'  Mag. 

Commended  by  the  Civil  Engineer's  Jour.,  The  Atlas,  Ac. 

Davy,  Edm.  Chem.  con.  to  Phil.  Trans.,  1817.  Phil. 
Mag.,  1817. 

Davy,  Henry.  Views  of  Gentlemen's  Seats.  Archi 
tectural  Antiq.  of  Suffolk,  1827-46. 

Davy,  Henry.     Landing  of  Rebels,  Lon.,  1643,  4to. 

Davy,  Sir  Humphry,  Bart,  1778-1829,  was  a  na 
tive  of  Penzance,  Cornwall.  After  serving  an  apprentice 
ship  to  a  surgeon  and  apothecary,  he  became,  at  the  age  of 
20,  assistant  to  Dr.  Beddoes  in  the  Pneumatic  Institution 
at  Bristol.  In  1799  Dr.  Beddoes  pub.  a  work  entitled  Con 
tributions  to  Physical  and  Medical  Knowledge,  principally 
from  the  West  of  England.  To  this  collection  young  Davy 
contributed  Essays  on  Heat,  Light,  Respiration,  Gas,  and 
Colours.  In  1803  he  became  a  Fellow  of  the  Royal  So 
ciety,  in  1806  Secretary,  and  in  1820  President,  of  that 
distinguished  body.  In  1812  he  was  married  to  Mrs. 
Apreece,  a  lady  of  large  fortune.  In  1815-17  he  contri 
buted  to  Phil.  Trans,  the  celebrated  papers  on  the  Miner's 
Safety  Lamp,  for  which  useful  invention  the  coal  proprie 
tors  of  the  district  of  the  Tyne  and  Wear  presented  him 
with  a  service  of  plate  worth  £2000.  In  1818,  '19,  he  tra 
velled  in  Italy,  zealously  pursuing  his  scientific  investiga 
tions,  and  during  his  absence  was  created  a  baronet.  He 
again  travelled  on  the  Continent  in  1827,  hoping  to  benefit 
his  impaired  health,  but  he  experienced  only  temporary 
relief,  and  died  of  apoplexy  at  Geneva  in  1829.  For  an 
account  of  the  brilliant  discoveries  of  this  distinguished 
benefactor  to  science,  we  must  refer  the  reader  to  the  bio 
graphies  by  his  brother,  Dr.  John  Davy,  and  Dr.  Paris.  In 
additions  to  Six  Discourses  delivered  before  the  Royal  So 
ciety  at  their  Anniversary  Meetings,  he  was  the  author  of 
more  than  fifty  Treatises  and  Lectures  upon  subjects  of 
scientific  investigation.  He  was  also  a  poet  as  well  as  a 
philosopher,  and  his  powers  as  an  essayist  are  displayed  to 
great  advantage  in  his  Consolations  of  Travel,  and  Days 
of  Fly  Fishing. 

"Had  not  Davy  been  the  first  chemist,"  remarked  Coleridge  to 
Mr.  Poole,  "  he  probably  would  have  been  the  first  poet  of  his  age." 

"Who  that  has  read  his  sublime  quatrains  on  the  doctrine  of 
Spinoza  can  doubt  that  he  might  have  united,  if  he  had  pleased, 
in  some  great  didactic  poem,  the  vigorous  ratiocination  of  Dryden, 
and  the  moral  majesty  of  Wordsworth." — LOCKHART. 

Salmonia,  or  Days  of  Fly-Fishing.  By  an  Angler,  Lon., 
1828,  12mo;  4th  ed.,  1851,  fp.  Svo. 

"  We  are  informed  in  the  preface,  that  many  months  of  severe 
and  dangerous  illness  have  been  partially  occupied  and  amused 
by  the  present  treatise;  when  the  author  was  incapable  of  attending 
to  more  useful  studies  or  more  serious  pursuits.  While  we  regret 
that  the  current  of  scientific  investigation,  which  has  led  to  such 
brilliant  results,  should  be,  for  a  moment,  interrupted,  we  have  here 
an  example,  and  a  pleasing  one,  that  the  lightest  pursuits  of  such 
a  man  as  our  angler — nay,  the  productions  of  those  languid  hours, 
in  which  lassitude  succeeds  to  pain,  are  more  interesting  and  in 
structive  than  the  exertion  of  the  talents  of  others  whose  mind 
and  body  are  in  the  fullest  vigour — illustrating  the  scriptural  ex 
pression  that  the  gleaning  of  the  grapes  of  Ephraim  are  better 
than  the  vintage  of  Abiezer." — Lon.  Quar.  Review,  xxxviii.  503. 

"  This  is  a  book  on  a  very  delightful  subject,  by  a  very  distin 
guished  man.  But  although  it  is  occasionally  rather  a  pleasant 
book  than  otherwise,  it  is  not  by  any  means  worthy  either  of  the 
subject  or  the  man — the  one  being  Angling,  and  the  other  Sir 
Humphry  Davy." — PROF.  WILSON  :  Blackwood's  Mag.,  xxiv.  248. 

Read  this  very  amusing  review. 

"  We  have  been  greatly  delighted  with  this  work."— ion.  Monthly 
Review. 

"  The  work  is  of  a  very  superior  character,  elaborately  written, 
full  of  most  ingenious  thoughts,  with  some  passages  of  a  great 
beauty." — Asiatic  Journal. 

Consolations  in  Travel,  or  the  Last  Days  of  a  Philosopher, 
Lon.,  1830,  Svo;  5th  ed.,  1851,  fp.  8vo. 

"  Sir  H.  Davy  has  in  this  little  work  built  up  for  himself  a  monu 
ment,  which  indicates  not,  indeed,  the  extent  and  the  vast  advan 
tages  of  his  scientific  research,  but  which  exhibits  the  far  more 
interesting  portrait  of  a  man  who  holds  in  adequate  estimation 
the  blessings  of  religion,  and  who  endeavours  to  sustain  it  by  the 
suffrage  of  science, — science  so  often  a  truant  to  this,  the  most  im 
portant  interest  of  mankind." — Lon.  Monthly  Review. 

"  Apart  from  the  scientific  value  of  the  labours  and  researches 
of  Sir  H.  Davy,  they  are  pervaded  by  a  tone  and  temper,  and  an 


DAV 


DAW 


enthusiastic  love  of  nature,  which  are  as  admirably  expressed  as 
their  influence  is  excellent." 

Elements  of  Agricultural  Chemistry,  in  a  Course  of  Lec 
tures  to  the  Board  of  Agriculture,  Lon.,  1813,  4to  ;  6th  ed., 
revised  by  John  Davy,  M.D.,  1839,  8vo.  By  Shier,  1840; 
new  ed.,  1850. 

"Considering  the  ten  years  of  research  and  meditation  which 
the  author  has  bestowed  on  the  subject,  its  execution  has,  on  the 
whole,  lallen  short  of  our  expectations."— Edin.  Review,  xxii.  280. 

Read  this  review ;  also  one  in  the  Lon.  Quar.  Rev.,  xi.  318. 

"  The  book  enjoyed  some  little  popularity ;  but  scarcely  added 
any  thing  to  our  previous  stock  of  knowledge.  It  was  hailed  as  a 
grand  beginning;  but  nearly  half  a  century  has  not  shown  any 
advancement.  And  this  deficiency  may  not  be  owing  to  any  lack 
of  exertion,  or  remissness  in  using  and  connecting  the  knowledge 
that  exists  on  both  sides;  but  from  the  impossible  nature  of  the 
employment  that  has  been  projected.  Agriculture  and  chemistry 
are  connected  in  the  single  article  of  manures  only ;  the  other  uses 
are  very  widely  different/'— Donaldson's  Agricult.  B'wg. 

A  collective  edition  of  Sir  Humphry's  Works,  with  his 
Life,  was  pub.,  Lon.,  1839-40,  9  vols.  8vo,  by  his  brother, 
Dr.  John  Davy.  Contents  :  Vol.  I.  Life.  II.  Early  Mis 
cellaneous  Papers,  1799-1805.  III.  Researches  concern 
ing  Nitrous  Oxide,  &c.  IV.  Elements  of  Chemical  Phi 
losophy.  V.  Bakerian  Lectures.  VI.  Miscellaneous  Papers 
and  Researches,  1815-28.  VII.,  VIII.  Agricultural  Lec 
tures.  IX.  Salmonia;  Consolations  of  Travel. 

"  This  collection,  from  its  variety  and  interest,  promises  to  be 
one  of  the  most  valuable  republications  of  oar  time." — Lon.  Spect. 

Dr.  Davy's  Memoir  of  his  brother  is  commended  as 

"A  worthy  record  of  the  life  of  our  great  philosopher,  and 
should  be  studied  by  the  youth  of  England,  that  they  may  know 
how  mighty  a  power  resides  in  the  mind  to  conquer  difficulties.'' — 
Britannia,. 

"  This  biography  is  admirably  written — correct  details,  full  of 
instruction,  and  amusing  throughout." — Lon.  Review. 

Dr.  Paris's  Life  of  the  philosopher,  Lon.,  2  vols.  8vo,  has 
been  characterized  as 

"  A  durable  monument  to  the  memory  of  Sir  Humphry  Davy, 
and  to  the  talents  of  Dr.  Paris." — Lon.  Gent.  Mag. 

*  No  one  who  reads  this  book,  and  studies  the  processes  by  which 
Davy  arrived  at  his  grand  results,  will  hesitate  to  place  him  in  the 
rank  of  immortal  genius." — Spectator. 

It  would  be  difficult  to  exaggerate  the  value  of  Sir  Hum 
phry's  contributions  to  science.  Whilst  yet  but  a  youth, 
officiating  as  assistant  to  Dr.  Beddoes, 

"  He  discovered  the  remarkable  action  of  nitrous  oxide,  or  laugh 
ing  gas,  on  the  system,  and  thus  paved  the  way  to  the  application 
of  those  means  now  in  use  for  alleviating  pain  in  severe  opera 
tions.  ...  In  1806  he  made  the  important  discovery  that  the  com 
binations  and  decompositions  by  electricity  are  referable  to  the 
law  of  electrical  attraction  sand  repulsions,  and  thus  demonstrated 
the  intimate  connection  between  electricity  and  chemistry.  His 
most  brilliant  discovery  was,  however,  that  of.  in  1807,  the  compo 
sition  of  the  alkalies,  which  he  proved  to  be  combinations  of  oxy 
gen  with  metals.  In  1810  he  found  chlorine  to  be  a  simple  body, 
in  accordance  with  the  view  of  Scheele,  announced  in  the  previous 
century.  His  other  discoveries  were  that  of  the  Safety  Lamp,  ex 
hibiting  a  fine  example  of  inductive  reasoning;  and  his  mode  of 
preventing  the  corrosion  of  copper  sheathing  by  the  protecting  in 
fluence  of  zinc." — R.  DUNDAS  THOMSON,  M.D.,  &c.,  Prof,  of  Chemis 
try,  St.  TJinmas's  Hospital  College,  London. 

I'  Since  the  age  of  Sir  Isaac  Newton,  the  History  of  British 
Science  has  recorded  no  discoveries  of  equal  importance  with 
those  of  Sir  Humphry  Davy.  The  researches  of  Black,  Priestley, 
and  Cavendish,  however  important  in  their  results,  were  less  bril 
liant  in  their  generalizations,  less  striking  in  their  individual  phe 
nomena,  less  indicative  of  inventive  talent,  and  less  fruitful  in 
their  practical  applications.  In  placing  Sir  Humphry  Davy,  there 
fore,  at  the  head  of  the  British  Chemists,  we  cannot  anticipate 
an  appeal  from  our  decision; — and  if  any  dissenting  voice,  shall 
be  raised,  it  will  proceed  only  from  the  sacred  recesses  of  personal 
esteem  or  family  affection."— Edinburgh  Review,  Ixiii.  101. 

"  Davy  was  the  greatest  chemical  genius  that  ever  appeared." — 
M.  DUMAS. 

"  Mr.  Davy,  not  yet  thirty-two  years  of  age,  occupied,  in  the 
opinion  of  all  that  could  judge  of  such  labours,  the  first  rank 
among  the  chemists  of  this  or  of  any  other  age ;  it  remained  for 
him,  by  direct  service  rendered  to  society,  to  acquire  a  similar  de 
gree  of  reputation  in  the  minds  of  the  general  public." — Carter's 
Eloge  of  Sir  H.  Davy. 

Davy.  John*  Serm.  on  the  death  of  Prince  Georee, 
1708. 

Davy,  John,  M.D.,  brother  of  Sir  Humphry.  Ac 
count  of  the  Interior  of  Ceylon,  Lon.,  1821,  4to. 

"  This  is  an  excellent  work,  though  like  many  other  works  of 
excellence,  too  bulky;  its  chief  and  peculiar  merit  and  recom 
mendation  consists  in  its  details  on  the  natural  history  of  Cey 
lon." — Stevenson's  Voyages  and  Travels. 

Researches,  Physiological  and  Anatomical,  1839,  2  vols. 
8vo.  Notes  and  Observations  on  the  Ionian  Islands  and 
Malta,  &c.,  1842,  2  vols.  8ro. 

<;  Dr.  Davy's  work  deserves  to  be  bought  as  well  as  perused,  so 
carefully,  completely,  and  extensively  has  it  been  got  up.  We 
trust  that  the  consciousness  of  having  discharged  such  an  import 
ant  duty  will  not  be  the  only  result  of  his  long  labour,  but  that 
the  work  will  prove  as  remunerative  as  it  ought  to  be." — Westmin 
ster  Review. 

Lectures  on  the  Study  of  Chemistry,  in  Connection  with 


the  Atmosphere,  the  Earth,  and  the  Ocean ;  and  Discourses 
on  Agriculture,  1849,  12mo. 

"We  have  great  pleasure  in  recommending  this  volume  as  an 
excellent  popular  introduction  to  chemical  studies." — Lon.  Medi 
cal  Gazette. 

For  notices  of  Dr.  Davy's  Memoirs  of  his  distinguished 
brother,  edit,  of  his  works,  <fcc.,  see  preceding  article. 

Davy,  John,  d.  1824,  a  musical  composer,  wrote  some 
dramatic  compositions.  His  best-known  song  is — Just  like 
Love  is  yonder  Rose. 

Davy,  Michael.     Tale  of  a  Tub,  Lon.,  1674,  fol. 

Davy,  Win.,  d.  1826,  curate  of  Lustleigh,  <fcc.  Sys 
tem  of  Divinity,  Exeter,  1785,  6  vols.  12mo ;  1825,  2  vols. 
8vo;  1827,  3  vols.  8vo.  System  of  Divinity,  Lustleigh, 
1796-1807,  26  vols.  8vo ;  14  copies  only,  which  were  printed 
and  bound  by  the  author  himself.  Highly  commended  by 
the  Bishops  of  London,  Durham,  Bristol,  and  Norwich. 

"  In  persevering  industry,  you  are  without  a  rival.  In  theologi 
cal  knowledge  there  are  not  many  who  equal  you,  and  the  selec 
tions  and  arrangement  of  your  work  appear  to  me  judicious." — 
Bp.  of  Norwich,  in  a  Letter  to  Rev.  W.  Davy. 

Davyes,  Hatton.     Serm.  on  Ephes.  iv.  14,  1708,  4to. 

Davyes,  Thomas.  The  Tenth  Worthy,  or  several 
Anagrams  on  the  name  of  that  Worthy  of  Worthies,  Oli 
ver  Cromwell,  1658,  fol. 

Davys,  Sir  John.     See  DAVIES. 

Davys,  John.     Art  of  Decyphering,  1737,  4to. 

Davys,  Mrs.  Mary.  Works ;  consisting  of  Plays,  No 
vels,  Poems,  and  Familiar  Letters,  Lon.,  1726,  2  vols.  8vo. 

"She  was  a  correspondent  of  Dean  Swift;  and  thirty-six  letters 
from  him  to  her  and  her  husband  were,  a  few  years  ago,  in  the 
hands  of  Dr.  Ewen  of  Cambridge." — Biog.  Dramat. 

Dawbeny,  H.  Historic,  <fec.,  rel.  to  Cromwell,  1659,8vo. 

Dawborn,Mrs.     1.  Nursing.     2.  Assistant,  1805, '06. 

Dawe,  George,  d.  1829,  an  English  painter,  of  whom 
some  account  will  be  found  in  the  Essays  of  Charles  Lamb. 
The  Life  of  George  Morland ;  with  Remarks  on  his  Works, 
1807,  8vo. 

Dawe's,  Jack,  Prognostication  for  the  Year  1623, 
or  Vox  Graculi,  4to.  This  rare  pamphlet  was  sold  for 
£5  9s.  at  the  Gordonstoun  sale. 

Dawes.     Four  Serms.,  1773,  8vo. 

Dawes,  John.     Admeasurement,  1797,  12mo. 

Dawes,  Lancelot,  1580-1633.     Serms.,  1614-33. 

Dawes,  M.     Serms.,  1763.    Phil.  Considerations,  1780. 

Dawes,  Matt.  Crimes  and  Punishments,  Lon.,  1782. 
Real  Estates,  1814.  Landed  Property,  1818.  Arrests, 
1787.  Other  works. 

Dawes,  Richard,  1708-1766,  was  educated  at,  and 
became  Fellow  of,  Emanuel  College,  Cambridge.  He  was 
eminent  for  his  critical  knowledge  of  the  Greek  tongue, 
which  proficiency  he  perhaps  over-estimated.  He  seems 
to  have  been  jealous  of  Dr.  Bentley,  and  was  guilty  of  the 
absurdity  of  declaring  that  the  doctor 

"  Nihil  in  Graecis  cognovisse  nisi  ex  indicibus  petititum." 

In  1745  Dawes  pub.  his  Miscellanea  Critica,  Cambridge, 
8vo ;  new  edit,  by  Bishop  Burgess,  Oxon.,  1781 ;  by  Kidd, 
Canta,b.,  1817. 

"  Second  only  to  Bentley's  Phalaris." — PORSON. 

"  A  work  displaying  considerable  ingenuity  and  erudition." — 
Ian.  Quar.  Rev. 

Abroad  it  was  highly  commended  by  Valkener,  Pierson, 
Koen,  and  Reiske.  There  is  no  doubt  of  the  value  of  this 
work,  especially  with  the  improvements  of  the  latter  edits.  ; 
but  the  authority  of  Dawes  is  by  no  means  so  great  as  it 
was  for  some  twenty  years  after  the  publication  of  his 
canons.  He  has  been  proved  to  be  often  wrong,  and  an 
erring  dogmatist  meets  with  but  little  mercy. 

Dawes,  Rufus,  b.  1803,  in  Boston,  is  the  son  of  Judge 
Thomas  Dawes,  whose  name  is  enrolled  among  the  poets 
of  America.  In  1830  Rufus  Dawes  pub.  The  Valley  of  the 
Nashaway  and  other  Poems,  and  in  1839  Athenia  of  Da 
mascus,  Geraldine,  and  his  miscellaneous  poetical  works. 
Nix's  Mate,  an  historical  romance,  appeared  in  1840.  For 
specimens  of  Mr.  Dawes's  poetry,  see  Griswold's  Poets  and 
Poetry  of  America. 

Dawes,  Sir  Thos.     Title  to  certain  Lands,  1654,  fol. 

Dawes,  Thomas,  1757-1825,  father  of  Rufus  Dawes, 
was  Judge  of  the  Municipal  Court  of  Boston,  and  Judge 
of  Probate.  He  pub.  some  poetical  compositions — see 
Kettell's  Specimens  of  American  Poetry — an  Oration  on  the 
Boston  Massacre,  and  an  Oration  on  the  4th  of  July,  1787. 

Dawes,  Wm.  Disp.  Med.  de  Variolis,  Lyons,  1680, 4to. 

Dawes,  Sir  Wm.,  1671-1724,  a  native  of  Essex,  was 
educated  at  St.  John's  College,  Oxford,  and  Catherine  Hall, 
Cambridge;  Master  of  Catherine  Hall,  1696;  Bishop  of 
Chester,  1707 ;  Archbishop  of  York,  1714.  An  Anatomy 
of  Atheism;  a  Poem,  Lon.,  1693,  4to.  Serms.  pub.  sepa 
rately,  1707-13.  Whole  Works,  with  a  Life,  1733,  3  vols. 


DAW 


DAY 


8vo.     Sir  Wm.  was  one  of  the  most  popular  preachers  of 
his  day. 

"Dawes's  sermons  are  plain  and  unaffected,  and  adapted  to 
every  comprehension." — Willford's  Memorials. 

Dawkes,  Thomas.     Medical  treatises,  1736,  '44,  '47- 

Dawne, Derby,  M.D.  Health;  aPoem,Lon.,1724,8vo. 

Dawney,  Benj.  Crit.  Remarks  upon  the  Epistles, 
York,  1735,  8vo.  See  Home's  Bibl.  Bib. 

Dawson.     Paroch.  Clergyman's  Duty,  1716,  8vo. 

Dawson.     Appeal  in  defence  of  Christianity,  1733. 

Dawson,  Rev.  Abraham.  Trans,  of  portions  of 
Genesis,  1763,  '72,  '86,  4to. 

"  In  some  passages  he  improves  upon  the  common  translation ; 
but  on  the  whole  his  works  add  nothing  of  great  importance  to 
our  biblical  apparatus."— Orwe's  Bibl.  Bib. 

Dawson,  Ambrose,  M.D.     Profess,  -works,  1744-78. 

Dawson,  Benj.,  Rector  of  Burgh,  d.  1814,  aged  85. 
He  pub.  some  works  on  the  "  Confessional  Controversy," 
and  other  treatises,  sermons,  Ac.,  1767-1806.  The  Neces 
sitarian,  1783,  8vo.  Now  very  rare.  Philologia  Anglica ; 
or  a  philological  and  synonymical  Dictionary  of  the  Eng 
lish  Language,  Lon.,  1806,  4to. 

"  A  very  operose  specimen  of  what  may  be  termed  an  annotated 
edition  of  Dr.  Johnson's  Dictionary.  The  design  is  to  strike  out 
the  superfluities  of  Johnson,  to  correct  his  errors,  to  amend  his 
definitions,  to  vary  his  examples,  and  to  supply  his  omissions." — 
DR.  DRAKE. 

Dawson,  Birket.     Serm.,  1802,  8vo. 

Dawson,  Charles.  Analysis  of  Musical  Composi 
tion,  Lon.,  1845,  12mo.  Elements  of  Music,  1844,  12mo. 

"  Teachers  of  music  will  find  a  library  of  useful  knowledge  in 
Mr.  Dawson' s  well-digested  compendium;  and  we  heartily  recom 
mend  it  as  a  class-book  to  all  engaged  in  the  task  of  musical  in 
struction."—  Musical  Review,  April  13, 1844. 

Dawson,  Eli.     Serm.,  1760,  4to. 

Dawson,  G.  Pearson,  M.D.  Walcheren  Diseases, 
1810.  A  Nosological  Practice  of  Physic,  Lon.,  8vo. 

"This  volume  contains,  we  will  venture  to  say.  more  correct 
pathology  and  sound  practice  than  any  systematic  work  of  the  same 
size  in  the  English  language." — JohnsQn'sMed.-Chirurg.  Review. 

Dawson,  George.  OrigoLegum;  or  a  Treatise  of  the 
Origin  of  Laws,  and  their  obliging  power,  Lon.  1694,  fol. 

Dawson,  Rev.  George,  b.  1821,  in  London,  has  be 
come  distinguished  as  a  literary  lecturer.  Several  articles 
which  appeared  in  the  Birmingham  Mercury  were  attri 
buted  to  his  pen.  See  Gilfillan's  Second  Gallery  of 
Literary  Portraits. 

Dawson,  Henry.     Serm.,  1777,  12mo. 

Dawson,  J.  H.    Law  rel.  to  Attornies,  Ac.,  Lon.,  1830. 

Dawson,  John.     Eighteen  Serms.,  Lon.,  1642,  4to. 

Dawson,  John.     Small  Pox,  <fcc.,  1781,  '85. 

Dawson,  John.     Serm.,  1791,  8vo. 

Dawsou,  John.  Lexicon  Novi  Testament!,  Lon., 
1709,  8vo.  Also  pub.  in  Greek  and  English  by  W.  C.  Tay 
lor,  1831,  8vo. 

Dawson,  John,1734-1820,an  eminent  mathematician, 
had  controversies  with  Emerson,  Stewart,  and  Wildbore. 

Dawson,  Thos.  The  Good  Husiuve's  Jewell.  In  two 
parts,  Lon.,  1596,  '97,  16mo. 

Dawson,  Thomas.  Memoirs  of  St.  George,  the  Eng 
lish  Patron ;  and  of  the  Order  of  the  Garter,  Lon.,  1714,  8vo. 

Dawson,  Thomas.  Dissertations  on  Biblical  Sub 
jects,  Lon.,  1727,  8vo. 

"  It  is  not  a  book  of  much  importance." — Orme's  Bibl.  Bib. 

Dawson,  Thomas,  M.D.  Profess,  treatises,  1744,  '82. 

Dawson,  W.  C.     Laws  of  Georgia,  1831,  4to. 

Dawson,  Wm.     Serm.  on  Phil.  iv.  13,  8vo. 

Dawson,  Wm.    Atheist;  a  Phil.  Poem,  1723,  4to. 

Dawson,  Wm.     Poetry  of  Nations,  1814,  8vo. 
Dax,  Thomas.     Offices  of  the  Masters,  Lon.,  1844, 
12mo.     Other  legal  treatises. 

Day.    Report  for  Committee  of  Survey  H.  Commons, 
and  a  Charge  to  the  Grand  Jury  of  the  county  of  Dublin. 
Day,  Angel.     English  Secretorie,  Lon.,  1586,  4to. 
Day,  Charles  W.     Five  Years  in  the  West  Indies, 
Lon.,  2  vols. 

"  It  would  be  unjust  to  deny  the  vigour,  brilliancy,  and  varied 
interest  of  this  work,  the  abundant  stores  of  anecdote  and  inte 
rest,  and  the  copious  detail  of  local  habits  and  peculiarities  in  each 
island  visited  in  succession."— ion.  Globe. 

Day,  G.  E.    Diseases  of  Old  Age,  <fcc.,  Lon.,  1848, 8vo. 
Amer.  ed.,  Phil.,  1849,  8vo. 
Day,  Harry.     Stock  Companies,  1808,  8vo. 
Day,  Henry.    Serm.,  1696,  4to. 

^  Pay'  J!ooniT,N*'  b>  1808' in  Connecticut,  grad.  at  Yale 
College,  1828;  Prof,  of  Rhetoric  at  Western  Reserve  Col 
lege,  1840.  Artbf  Elocution.  Art  of  Rhetoric,  1850, 12mo. 

"I  am  now  using  it,  with  very  great  satisfaction,  in  the  instruc 
tion  of  my  classes."— JOHN  W.  PRATT,  Prof,  of  Rhetoric  in  the.  Uni 
versity  of  Alabama. 

Prof.  Day  has  contributed  to  numerous  journals. 


Day,  Henry  T.  Serms.  at  Mendlesham,  Lon.,  1838, 
12mo.  Algersife  and  other  Poems,  1838,  12mo. 

Day,  J.     Stories  for  the  Young,  1807,  12mo. 

Day,  James.     Divine  Poetrie,  Lon.,  1637,  4to. 

Day,  Jeremiah,  LL.D.,  late  President  of  Yale  Col 
lege,  was  born  in  Washington,  Connecticut,  August  3, 1773. 
Author  of  Introduction  to  Algebra  for  the  Use  of  Colleges. 
A  Course  of  Mathematics  for  Colleges,  embracing  the  fol 
lowing  works:  Principles  of  Plane  Trigonometry,  Mensu 
ration,  Navigation,  and  Surveying.  These  works  have 
been  extensively  used  in  the  Colleges  throughout  the  U.  S. 
Inquiry  Respecting  Contingent  Volition,  12mo.  Exami 
nation  of  Edwards  on  the  Will,  12mo. 

Day,  Rev.  John,  1566-1627,  son  of  John  Day,  the 
famous  English  printer.  Twelve  Serms.,  1615,  4to.  Con- 
ciones  ad  Clerum,  Oxf.,  1612,  '15.  Day's  Dyall;  12  Lec 
tures,  1614.  Comm.  on  the  first  8  Psalms  of  David,  1620, 4to. 

Day,  John,  of  Caius  College,  Cambridge.  The  Isle 
of  Guls,  Lon.,  1606,  4to;  1633.  Travels  of  the  three  bro 
thers  Shirley,  1607,  4to.  Law  Nicks,  1608,  4to.  Humour 
out  of  Breath;  a  Comedy,  1608,  4to.  The  Parliament  of 
Bees,  1640, 4to.  The  Blind  Beggar  of  Bednal  Green,  1659, 
4to.  Vindication  of  John  Day,  1646,  4to. 

"  A  flourishing  poet  and  comedian  of  his  time." — WOOD.  Se» 
Biog.  Dramat. 

Day,  Joseph.  Exam,  of  Attornies,  <fcc.,  Lon.,  1795, 4to. 

Day,  Rev.  Lionel,  son  of  John  Day,  the  famous  Eng 
lish  printer.  Concio  ad  Clerum,  Oxon.,  1632,  fol. 

Day,  Martha,  1813-1833,  was  a  daughter  of  President 
Day  of  Yale  College.  She  attained  great  proficiency  in 
mathematics  and  the  languages,  and  wrote  poetry  of  un 
common  merit.  A  collection  of  her  Literary  Remains,  with 
Memorials  of  her  Life  and  Character,  was  pub.  at  New  Ha 
ven  by  Prof.  Kingsley. 

"  Her  poems  were  buds  of  promise,  which  justified  the  anticipv 
tions  that  were  entertained  of  her  eminence  in  literature." — Gris- 
wolcPs  Female.  Pbets  of  America. 

Day,  Martin,  "that  learned  and  judicious  divine." 
22  Serms.,  Lon.,  1632,  4to.  Some  of  his  serms.  are  in  the 
collection  entitled  The  House  of  Mourning,  1660,  fol. 

Day,  Matthew.  Excerpta  in  sex  priores  libros  Homeri 
Iliados,  Lon.,  1652,  12mo. 

Day,  Rev.  Richard,  son  of  John  Day,  the  famous 
English  printer,  was  also  a  printer  as  well  as  a  clergyman. 
He  wrote  some  verses,  Contra  Papistos  Incendiaros,  in 
Fox's  Martyrology,  1576 ;  and  trans.  Fox's  De  Christo  tri- 
umphante  Comaedia,  to  which  he  wrote  a  preface  and  two 
dedications.  The  father  of  the  three  clergymen  just  no 
ticed — John  Day — contributed  essentially  to  the  promotion 
of  the  English  Reformation  by  his  editions  of  the  Bible, 
Fox's  Martyrs,  Ascham's  and  other  works. 

"  As  a  printer,  Richard  Day  justly  merits  the  honour  of  attempt 
ing  a  general  reform  in  the  distinct  use  of  the  letters  J  and  i,  v, 
and  u,  which  he  observed  in  P.  Baro's  Treatises,  De  Fide,  &c." 

Day,  Richard.     Petition  to  Parliament,  1652,  4to. 

Day,  Hon.  Robert.  Free  Thoughts,  in  Defence  of 
a  Future  State,  Lon.,  1700,  8vo. 

Day,  Robert.     Serm.,  1779,  8vo. 

Day,  Samuel  Phillips,  formerly  a  monk  of  the  or 
der  of  the  Presentation.  Monastic  Institutions;  their  ori 
gin,  progress,  nature,  and  tendency,  Lon.,  1844,  fp.  8vo; 
2d  ed.,  1846.  Life  in  a  Convent,  1848,  12mo. 

Day,  Thomas,  1748-1789,  a  philanthropist,  poet,  and 
political  writer.  The  Dying  Negro,  1773;  in  conjunction 
with  Mr.  Bicknell;  intended  to  promote  the  abolition  of 
slavery.  The  Devoted  Legions ;  a  Poem  against  the  war 
with  America,  1776.  The  Desolation  of  America;  a  Poem, 
1777.  Letters  of  Marius,  1784,  8vo.  Reflections  on  the 
Present  State  of  England  and  the  Independence  of  Ame 
rica,  1782,  8vo. 

"From  the  inflexible  spirit  of  the  Americans,  and  their  deter 
mined  resolution  to  be  free,  Mr.  Day  gives  it  as  his  opinion  that 
America  ought  to  be  declared  independent.  lie  conceives  that 
great  advantages  will  result  from  this  measure,  and  his  reasonings 
are  solid  and  well  supported.  He  affirms  that  England  ought  to 
yield  with  magnanimity  what  she  cannot  withhold  by  arms." — 
Lon.  Monthly  Review. 

History  of  Sandford  and  Merton,  1783-89,  3  vols.  12mo. 
This  is  a  deservedly  popular  work.  It  was  trans,  into 
French  by  M.  Berquin.  History  of  Little  Jack.  Other 
publications.  See  Account  of  his  Life  and  Writings  by 
James  Keir,  Lon.,  1791,  8vo. 

"The  pool  of  mercenary  and  time-serving  ethics  was  first  blown 
over  by  the  fresh  country  breeze  of  Mr.  Day's  Sandford  and  Mer 
ton,  a  production  that  I  well  remember,  and  shall  ever  be  grateful 
for.  ...  It  assisted  the  cheerfulness  I  inherited  from  my  father; 
showed  me  that  circumstances  were  not  a  check  to  a  healthy  gayety , 
or  the  most  masculine  self-respect;  and  helped  to  supply  me  with 
a  resolution  of  standing  by  a  principle,  not  merely  as  a  point  of 
lowly  or  lofty  sacrifice,  but  as  a  matter  of  common  sense  and  duty, 
and  a  simple  co-operation  with  the  elements  of  natural  warfare." — 
LEIGH  HUNT. 


DAY 


DEC 


Day,  Thomas.  Medical  treatises,  1772,  '85. 
Day,  Hon.  Thomas,  1777-1855,  a  native  of  Con 
necticut.  Reports  of  Cases,  <fcc.  Supreme  Court  of  Errors 
of  Conn.  1814  to  '28  inc.,  6  vols.  8vo.  A  Digest  of  Re 
ported  Cases  of  Sup.  Court  of  Errors  of  Conn,  from  1786 
to  1829,  8vo.  His  vols.  of  Reports  amount  to  26,  besides 
Digests  to  most  of  the  series.  He  also  edited  several  Eng 
lish  law-works,  in  all  about  40  vols. 

Day,  Valentine.     Serm.,  Lon.,  1818,  8vo. 
Day,  Wm.     1.  Isaiah.     2.  Romans,  1654,  '66. 
Day,  Win.     Man's  Destruction,  Lon.,  1713,  12mo. 
Day,  Wm.    The  Shepherd's  Boy :  Pastoral  Tales,  1804. 
Day,  Wm.  Slavery  in  America  Shown  to  be  Peculiarly 
Abominable,  Lon.,  1841,  8vo.     Punctuation  Reduced  to  a 
System  ;  6th  ed.,  1853,  18mo. 

"  Mr.  Day  has  laboured  with  success;  and  his  little  book  should 
be  read  attentively." — The  Critic. 
Daye,  Eliza.     Poems,  1798,  8vo. 
Daye,  James.     Serms.,  1752,  4to. 
Dayes,  Edward.    Works,  Lon.,  1805, 4to.     Contains 
an  excursion  through  Derbyshire  and  Yorkshire,  with  notes 
by  E.  W.  Brayley;  essays  on  painting;  instructions  for 
drawing  and  colouring,  and  professional  sketches  of  modern 
artists. 

Dayrell,  Richard,  D.D.     Serm.,  1759,  4to. 
Deacon,  Aug.  Elements  of  Perspec.Drawing,1841,8vo. 
"  A  well-reasoned  and  clearly-written  pamphlet." — Lon.  Exam. 
Deacon,  D.  D.,  Jr.    Poems,  Chesterf.,  1790,  4to. 
Deacon,  E.E.    Game  Laws,  Lon.,  1831,  8vo.    L.  and 
P.  of  Bankruptcy,  2d  ed.,  1846,  2  vols.  8vo.     Crim.  Law, 
1836,  2  vols.  Svo.     Cases  in  Bankruptcy,  1837-41,  4  vols. 
r.  Svo.    Guide  to  Magis.,  1843,  2  vols.  Svo.    Deacon,  E.  E., 
and  Chitty,  Ed.,  Reports  in  Bankruptcy,  1833-37,  4  vols. 
Deacon,  H.     Treat,  on  the  V.  Disease,  1789,  Svo. 
Deacon,  John.     Godlie  Serm.,  Lon.,  1586,  Svo. 
Deacon,  John.     Tobacco  tortured  in  the  filthy  Fumes 
of  Tobacco  refined,  Lon.,  1616,  4to.     Treatise  of  the  Flux, 
1657,  12mo. 

Deacon,  John.  Theolog.  treatises.  Discourses  of 
Spirits  and  Devils,  by  John  Duncan  and  John  Walker, 
1601,  4to. 

Deacon,  John.     Charge  and  Sermon,  1786,  Svo. 
Deacon,  John.     Hymns  and  Psalms,  1801,  ISmo. 
Deacon,   Thomas.      Theolog.  publications,   Lonv 
1734-48. 

Deacon,  W.  F.     Annette;  a  Tale;  with  a  memoir  of 
the  author  by  Hon.  Sir  T.  N.  Talfourd,  Lon.,  1853,  3  vols. 
"  It  has  enough  in  it  of  life  and  interest  to  keep  it  for  some  years 
to  come  in  request." — Lon.  Examiner. 

Deacon,  Wm.     Justification  by  Faith,  1794,  4to. 
Deacon,  Wm.     Stage  Waggons,  <fcc.,  1807. 
Deakin,  Richard,  M.D.    Florigraphia  Britannica, 
Lon..  1837-41,  4  vols.  Svo. 
Dealtry,  R.  B.     Serm.,  1782,  4to. 
Dealtry?  Robt.    Monody;  Elegy,  1809,  4to. 
Dealtry,  Wm.,  1775-1847,  Archdeacon   of  Surrey. 
Fluxions,  1810,  Svo;  1816.     See  Quart.  Rev.     Serms.,  &c., 
1810-46. 

Dean,  Amos,  b.  1803.  Lectures  on  Phrenology,  8vo, 
pp.  252,  1835.  Philosophy  of  Human  Life,  Svo,  pp.  300, 
1S39.  Manual  of  Law,  Albany,  1S38,  Svo.  Principles  of 
Medical  Jurisprudence,  Albany,  1850,  pp.  664,  Svo. 

"  The  design  appears  to  have  been  well  executed."— Amer.  Law 
Journal. 

"  Whatever  may  be  deficient  in  the  work  of  Dr.  Beck,  will  be 
found  amply  supplied  in  the  one  of  which  the  title  is  placed  at  the 
head  of  this  article."—  U.  S.  Law  Mag. 

See  also  Western  Law  Journal  and  The  Law  Reporter. 
Dean,  G.  A.     Construction  of  Farm  Buildings  and 
Labourers'  Cottages,  Lon.,  1850,  r.  Svo. 

"  This  work  is  on  an  extensive  and  improved  scale,  and  its  merit 
is  very  considerable." — Donaldson's  Agrictdt.  Biog. 

Dean,  John.     Legerdemain,  Lon.,  1622,  12mo. 
Dean,  John.    His  Sufferings,  Ac.,  Lon.,  1711,  Svo. 
Falsification  of  the  above  by  Chris.  Longman,  N.  Miller, 
and  G.  White,  1711,  8vo. 

Dean,  John.     Account  of  Ship  Sussex,  1740,  Svo. 
Dean,  Rev.  Rd.     Future  Life  of  Brutes,  1768, 2  vols. 
Dean,  S.    Swedenborg's  writings,  1802.    Serms.,  1795. 
Deane,  Edmond,  b.  1572.     Spadacrene  Anglica,  or 
the  English  Spa-Fontaine,  Lon.,  1626,  4to. 

"  A  learned  and  ingenious  treatise." — BISHOP  NICOLSON 
Admiranda  Chymica,  Frankf.,  1630,  Svo.     On  Harrow- 
gate  Water,  York,  1654,  Svo. 

Deaue,  Henry.    Letter  to  Bp.  of  Salisb.,  1845,  Svo. 
Deane,  Rev.  J.    Serpent- Worship,  Lon.,  1832,  4to. 
Deane,  John.    Letter  from  Moscow,  Lon.,  1699,  fol. 
Deane,  Richard.    Baptism,  Lon.,  1693,  12mo. 
Deane,  Sanil.,  D.D.,  minister  of  Portland,  Maine,  d. 


1814,  aged  about  73.     New  England  Farmer,  or  Georgical 
Diet.,  2d  ed.,  1797,  8vo.     Serms.,  1794,  '95. 

Deane,  Silas,  d.  1789,  minister  of  the  U.  States  to 
France.  Address  to  the  Independent  Citizens  of  the  U. 
States.  Letters  to  Hon.  Robt.  Morris,  New  London,  1784, 
sm.  4to ;  Lon.,  8vo.  Deane's  vindication  from  alleged  mis 
management  of  the  public  funds  will  be  found  here.  The 
New  London  ed.  contains  matter  not  in  the  London  ed. 
Deane's  intercepted  Letters  to  his  brother  and  others  were 
pub.  in  1782.  He  died  in  great  poverty  at  Deal  in  Eng 
land.  See  Warren's  Amer.  Rev. ;  Marshall;  Gordon. 

Dearborn,  Gen.  Henry  Alexander  Scammell, 
1783-1851,  b.  at  Exeter,  N.H.,  son  of  Gen.  Dearborn,  of 
the  American  Revolution.  1.  Memoir  on  the  Commerce 
of  the  Black  Sea,  Boston,  1819,  2  vols.  Svo,  and  1  vol.  4to 
of  Maps.  2.  Letters  on  the  Internal  Improvements  and 
Commerce  of  the  West,  1839,  Svo.  3.  Biography  of  Com 
modore  Bainbridge.  4.  Memoir  of  his  Father.  He  left 
in  MS.  A  Diary  in  45  vols.,  a  Memoir  of  his  Father-in- 
law,  Col.  Wm.  R.  Lee,  and  a  History  of  the  Battle  of 
Bunker's  Hill. 

Deare,  James.     Trans,  of  Virgil's  Georgics,  1808.  % 

Dearing,  or  Deering,  Sir  Edward,  was  first  a  re 
publican,  subsequently  a  zealous  supporter  of  K.  Chas.  I. 
Collection  of  Speeches  in  matters  of  Religion,  Lon.,  1642, 
4to.  Character  of  Maria,  his  late  lady,  1601,  Svo.  Some 
of  his  speeches,  <fec.  were  pub.  separately,  1641—44. 

Dearie,  Edw.     Sure  Guide  for  Youth,  1791,  Svo. 

Dearn,  T.  D.  W.  Works  on  Architecture,  1807,  '09, 
'11,  '21.  Hist.  Topog.,  and  Descrip.  Account  of  the  Weald 
of  Kent,  1814,  Svo. 

Dearsly,  H.  R.  Drainage  Act,  10  and  11  Viet.,  Lon.. 
1847,  12mo.  Law  of  Banks  and  Bankers,  with  Charter', 
Ac.  of  Bk.  of  Eng. 

Deas,  Geo.,  and  Jas.  Anderson.  Cases  decided 
in  Ct.  of  Session,  Jury  Ct.,  and  H.  Ct.  of  Just.,  1829-32, 
Edin.,  1829-33,  5  vols.  Svo. 

Dease,  Wm.   Med.  treatises,  Dubl.,  and  Lon.,  1776-86. 

Deason,  T.     Serm.  on  Death,  1799,  Svo. 

Deason,  Wm.     See  DEACON. 

Debary,  Rev.  Thos.  Notes  of  a  Residence  in  tb« 
Canary  Islands,  the  South  of  Spain,  and  Algiers,  Lon,. 
1851,  12mo. 

Debdin,  Waldron.  Compendious  Hist,  of  the  Eng 
lish  Stage,  1800. 

Debenham,  Thos.     Med.  con.  to  Phil.  Trans.,  1751. 

Debords,  Lewis.     Serm.,  1723,  Svo. 

De  Bow,  James  D.  B.,  was  born  in  Charleston, 
S.C.,  1820;  graduated  at  Charleston  Coll.,  1842;  removed 
to  New  Orleans,  1845.  Professor  of  Political  Economy 
and  Statistics  in  the  University  of  Louisiana,  1847.  Edited 
the  Southern  Quarterly  Review,  1843-45.  Originated  De 
Bow's  Monthly  Review  at  New  Orleans,  1846,  which  he  still 
conducts.  Author  of  Industrial  Resources  and  Statistics 
of  the  Southern  and  Western  States,  1853,  3  vols.  Svo.  Two 
years  Superintendent  of  the  United  States  Census  at  Wash 
ington.  Compiled  3  vols.  of  the  Statistics,  the  quarto  edi 
tion,  and  the  Compendium  of  the  Census,  1854.  Also  the 
volume  of  Mortality,  Statistics,  &c. 

Debraw,  John.     Sex  of  Bees,  Lon.,  1777,  8vo. 

Debrett,  John.  New  Foundling  Hospital,  Lon.,  1784, 
12ino.  State  Papers,  1791-1803 ;  pub.  in  11  vols.  Svo.  Par 
liamentary  Papers,  1797,  3  vols.  Svo.  New  Baronetage  of 
England,  1803,  2  vols.  ISmo;  new  ed.  by  G.  W.  Collen, 
1840,  Svo.  Peerage  of  England,  Scotland,  and  Ireland, 
Lon.,  1809,  2  vols.  12mo;  16th  ed.,  1826;  newed.byG.  W. 
Collen,  1849,  r.  Svo.  Asylum  for  Fugitive  Pieces  in  Prose 
and  Verse,  4  vols.  12mo. 

Decan.     Latin  Syllables,  Lon.,  1784,  Svo. 

De  Charms,  Richard,  b.  1796,  at  Philadelphia,  a 
Swedenborgian  divine,  has  contributed  to  the  literature  of 
his  Church,  and  edited  several  of  its  periodicals.  He  is 
the  author  of  The  New  Churchman  Extra,  Sermons,  Lec 
tures,  <fcc. 

De  Chemant,  D.    Artificial  Teeth,  1798. 

Decker,  Sir  Matthew,  an  English  merchant.  Causes 
of  the  Decline  of  the  Foreign  Trade,  Lon.,  1744, 4to ;  Edin., 
1756,  12mo.  Considerations  on  High  Duties,  Lon.,  1743, 
8vo.  Fauquier  ascribes  the  first  tract  to  a  Mr.  Ricfcardson. 
See  McCulloch's  Lit.  of  Polit.  Economy.  Sir  M.  D.'s 
Scheme  for  a  Tax  on  Houses  laid  open,  1757,  Svo. 

Decker,  P.     Chinese  Architecture,  Lon.,  1795,  4to. 

Decker,  Dekkar,  Derkar,  or  Dekker,  Thomas, 
acquired  some  celebrity  among  the  wits  of  the  reign  of 
James  I.  as  a  writer  of  plays  and  tracts  upon  the  vices  and 
customs  of  the  age.  He  wrote  plays  in  conjunction  with 
Webster,  Rowley,  Ford,  and  Jonson.  It  chanced,  how- 


DEC 

ever,  that  "  Rare  Ben"  quarrelled  with  him,  and,  it  was  sup 
posed,  went  so  far  as  to  ridicule  him  under  the  character 
of  Crispinus  in  the  "Poetaster."     But  Mr.  Gilchrist  has 
proved  that  Marston  was  intended  by  this  personage.   How-  I 
ever,  Decker  displayed  Jonson  to  the  amusement  of  the  J 
town,  in  his  piece  of  Satiro-Mastik,  or  the  Untrussing  of  [ 
the  humourous  Poet.     Ben  here  figures  as  Horace  Junior  j 
— he  had  assumed  the  name  of  Horace — and  his  allusions  i 
to  Decker's  ill-favoured  visage  are  thus  repaid : 

"You  staring  Leviathan!  look  on  the  sweet  visage  of  Horace:  i 
look,  parboiled  lace :  look — he  has  not  his  face  puncht  full  of  eylet  \ 
holes,  like  the  cover  of  a  warming  pan!" 

Jonson  replied  in  an  address  to  the  Reader  introduced 
in  the  4to  ed.  of  his  play,  styling  Decker  The  Untrusser.  ', 

Decker's  plays  amount  to  twenty-eight,  and  his  tracts  to  J 
about  five-and-twenty.    See  Lowndes's  Bibl.  Man. ;  Drake's  j 
Shakspeare  and  his  Times ;  Warton's  Hist,  of  Eng.  Poetry ; 
Bibl.  Anglo-Poet. ;  Collier's  Hist,  of  Eng.  Dramat.  Poet. 
His  best-known  plays  are  Fortunatus,  or  the  Wishing  Cap  ; 
and  The  Honest  Whore;  and  his  best-known  tract  is  The 
Gull's  Horn  Book,  of  which  a  new  ed.  was  pub.  in  1812, 
^Bristol,  4to,  edited  by  Dr.  Nott. 

"  His  '  Gul's  Home  Booke,  or  fashions  to  please  all  sorts  of  Guls,' 
first  printed  in  1609,  exhibits  a  very  curious,  minute,  and  interest 
ing  picture  of  the  manners  and  habits  of  the  middle  class  of  so 
ciety,  and  on  this  account  will  be  hereafter  frequently  referred  to 
in  these  pages." — Drake's  Shakspeare  and  his  Times. 

Sir  Walter  Scott  draws  largely  from  the  Gull's  Horn 
Book,  in  his  description  of  London  life,  in  The  Fortunes 
of  Nigel.  Decker  is  supposed  to  have  died  about  1639. 

De  Clarovade,  E.  Watchman's  Alarm,  or  the  Bur 
den  of  England,  Ireland,  and  Scotland,  Lon.,  1646,  4to. 

De  Clifford,  Lord.     Letter  to  Electors,  1790,  8vo. 

De  Coetlogon,  Charles  E.,  an  English  Calvinist 
divine  of  French  descent,  d.  1820.  Sermons,  Ac.,  Lon., 
1776-1818. 

"The  matter  of  his  discourses  was  replete  with  ingenious  illus 
tration,  sound  argument,  and  pointed  application." — Middleton's 
Ecclesiastical  Memoirs. 

De  Coetlogon,  Dennis,  M.D.  Profess,  and  other 
publications,  Lon.  1739-46.  Universal  Diet,  of  Arts  and 
Sciences,  Lon.,  1745,  2  vols.  fol. 

De  Coignet,  P.  Refut.  of  Cotton's  Letter  for  the 
Jesuits'  killing  of  kings,  1611. 

De  Courcy,  Richard,  Vicar  of  St.  Alkmond,  d.  1803. 
Theolog.  treatises,  1776-1810. 

"  His  sermons  were  in  language  dignified,  in  reasoning  perspi 
cuous,  embellished  by  apposite  allusions,  and  ornamented  with 
many  of  the  graces  of  oratory." — Lon.  Gent.  Mag. 

De  Crespigny,  Caroline.  Visions  of  Great  Men 
and  other  Poems,  Lon.,  12mo.  Enchanted  Rose,  from 
Bchultz,  1844,  p.  8vo.  My  Souvenir ;  or  Poems  and  Trans 
lations,  1844.  8vo. 

"  She  appears  to  have  resided  long  abroad,  and  to  have  caught 
something  of  the  earnest  and  profound,  yet  mystical,  feeling  that 
pervades  the  poetry  of  Germany." — Britannia. 

De  Crespigny,  Mrs.  Champion.  The  Poor  Sol 
dier;  inscribed  to  Mrs.  C.,  Lon.,  1789,  4to.  Letters  of 
Advice,  1803,  8vo.  Monody  on  the  Death  of  Lord  C.,  1810. 

Dede,  James.  English  Botanist's  P.  Companion, 
1809. 

Dee,  Arthur,  son  of  the  famous  John  Dee,  was  phy 
sician  to  Charles  I.  Fasciculus  Chymicus,  Ac.,  1631, 12mo, 
trans,  into  English  by  James  Hasolle,  [i.  e.  Elias  Ashmole,] 
1650,  12mo.  See  ASHMOLE,  ELIAS. 

Dee,  John,  1527-1608,  was  one  of  the  most  remark 
able  characters  of  a  remarkable  age.  His  genius  was  of 
so  comprehensive  a  description,  that  he  could  alternately 
devote  his  attention  to  the  speculations  of  philosophy,  the 
lessons  of  divinity,  the  problems  of  mathematics,  the  ex 
periments  of  chemistry,  the  mysteries  of  astrology,  and  the 
incantations  of  magic.  When  only  15,  he  was,  he  tells  us, 
"  meetly  well  furnished  with  understanding  of  the  Latin 
tongue,"  and  entering  St.  John's  College,  Cambridge,  "  I 
was  so  vehemently  bent  to  study,  that  for  these  years 
[1543-45]  I  did  inviolably  keep  this  order:  only  to  sleep 
four  hours  every  night;  to  allow  to  meat  and  drink,  and 
some  refreshments  after,  two  hours  every  day;  and  of  the 
other  eighteen  hours,  all,  except  the  time  of  going  to,  and 
being  at,  the  divine-Service,  was  spent  in  my  studies  and 
learning." 

In  1547  he  visited  Flanders,  and  on  his  return  was  made 
Fellow  of  Trinity  College.  His  devotion  to  astronomy 
drew  upon  him  the  suspicion  of  being  a  reader  of  the  stars, 
and  he  found  it  expedient  to  return  to  the  University  of 
Louvain,  where  he  became  highly  distinguished.  He  sub 
sequently  visited  Paris,  and  delivered  lectures  upon  Eu 
clid,  which  gave  so  much  satisfaction  that  he  was  invited 
to  accept  the  mathematical  professorship  of  the  University. 


DEF 

In  1551  he  returned  to  England,  where  he  was  warmly 
received;  but  soon  fell  into  trouble,  being  suspected  of 
favouring  the  cause  of  the  Princess  Elizabeth  and  prac 
tising  against  Queen  Mary's  life  by  enchantments.  Unable 
to  convict  him  of  this  crime,  or  of  heresy,  his  prosecutors 
set  him  at  liberty,  and  in  a  few  months  afterwards  (Jan. 
15,  1556)  he  evinced  his  zeal  for  learning  by  presenting  a 
supplication  to  Queen  Mary  for  the  recovery  and  preserva 
tion  of  ancient  writers  and  monuments.  Upon  the  acces 
sion  of  Elizabeth  he  would  certainly  have  received  sub 
stantial  marks  of  her  regard — for  she  treated  him  with 
great  respect  at  different  times  during  her  reign — but  the 
public  insisted  that  he  was  too  intimate  with  the  great 
enemy ;  and  even  went  so  far  as  to  break  into  his  house  dur 
ing  his  absence  from  the  kingdom,  and  destroy  his  mathe 
matical  instruments  and  many  of  his  books.  As  the  people 
would  have  it  that  he  was  a  magician,  Dee  seems  now  to 
have  imbibed  the  same  opinion,  and  forming  a  copartner 
ship  with  Edward  Kelley  and  the  Count  Laski,  a  Polish 
nobleman,  he  professed  to  hold  communion  with  spirits. 
For  further  particulars  respecting  this  extraordinary  cha 
racter  and  his  writings,  the  reader  must  consult  the  works 
indicated  below.  The  philosopher  suffered  much  in  the 
latter  part  of  his  life  from  the  privations  incident  to  ex 
treme  poverty.  His  talents  and  acquirements  were  great. 
The  mathematical  notes  to  Sir  Henry  Billingsley's  trans, 
of  Euclid,  pub.  in  1570,  fol.,  would  have  done  credit  to 
any  scholar  of  the  age ;  the  Memorials  pertayning  to  the 
perfect  Arte  of  Navigation,  1577,  fol.,  display  the  hand  of 
a  master,  and  the  reformation  of  the  calendar  entitles  him 
to  the  gratitude  of  posterity.  See  Life  by  Smith  in  Vitae 
Eruditissimorum  Virorum,  and  in  Hearne's  Joan.  Confra- 
tis  et  Monachi  Glastoniensi-s  Chronica,  2  vols.  8vo,  1726. 
Biog.  Brit. ;  Athen.  Oxon. ;  Niceron,  vol.  i. ;  Lysons's  En 
virons  ;  Chalmers's  Biog.  Diet. ;  A  Relation  of  what  passed 
for  many  years  between  Dr.  John  Dee  and  some  Spirits : 
as  also  the  Letters  of  sundry  great  Men  and  Princes  to 
said  Dr.  Dee ;  with  a  Preface  by  Meric  Casaubon,  D.D., 
1659,  fol.  A  copy  of  this  curious  work,  which  excited 
much  attention  at  the  time  of  its  publication,  is  worth 
about  £5.  In  1842  the  Cambridge  Society  pub.  The  Pri 
vate  Diary  of  Dr.  John  Dee,  with  a  Catalogue  of  his  Li 
brary  of  Scientific  MSS.  This  was  edited  by  one  of  the 
most  eminent  antiquaries  of  our  own  day — James  Orchard 
Halliwell,  Esq. 

Deeble,  Wm.     Thanet  and  the  Cinque  Ports,  2  vols. 

Deems,  Charles  F.,  D.D.,  b.  at  Baltimore,  1820  ; 
graduated  at  Dickinson  College,  1839;  Professor  in  the 
University  of  N.  Carolina,  1842;  Prof,  of  Chemistry  in 
Randolph  Macon  Coll.,  1848;  President  of  Greensboro' 
Coll.,  1850;  President  of  Centenary  Coll.,  1854.  Author 
of — 1.  Triumph  of  Peace,  and  other  Poems.  2.  Devotional 
Melodies.  3.  Twelve  College  Sermons.  4.  Life  of  Rev. 
Dr.  Clarke.  5.  Home  Altar.  6.  What  Now  ?  Edited  5 
volumes  of  Southern  Methodist  Pulpit.  Contrib.  to  the 
Gentleman's  Magazine,  Southern  Methodist  Quarterly,  and 
other  journals. 

Deering,  Charles,  M.D.,  a  native  of  Saxony,  settled 
in  England,  and  d.  at  Nottingham  in  1749.  Small  Pox, 
Lon.,  1737,  8vo.  Cat.  of  Plants,  1738,  8vo.  Nottingham! 
vetus  et  nova,  Nottingham,  1754,  4to. 

Deering,  Edward,  a  Puritan  divine,  d.  1576;  Rec 
tor  of  Pluckley,  1569;  of  Salisbury,  1571.  He  was  an 
eloquent  preacher  and  a  warm  disputant.  Workes,  1614. 
Pub.  separately,  1568-99. 

Deering,  Sir  Edward.    See  DEAHING. 

Deering,  Nathaniel,  a  native  of  Portland,  Maine, 
graduated  at  Harvard  College  in  1810.  He  is  the  author 
of  two  five-act  tragedies,  Carobasset,  or  The  Last  of  the 
Norridgewocks ;  and  Bozzaris. 

Deering,  Richard,  a  musical  composer  and  organist 
to  Q.  Henrietta  Maria.  See  John  Playford's  Cantica  Sacra, 
1674,  fol.,  for  some  of  his  compositions. 

Dees,  R.  D.     Insolvent  Debtors,  Lon.,  1843,  12mo. 

De  Foe,  Daniel,  1661-1731,  was  a  son  of  James 
Foe,  (the  son  prefixed  a  De  to  his  name,)  a  butcher  of  St. 
Giles,  Cripplegate,  London.  Educated  among  the  Dis 
senters,  he  was  intended  for  a  Presbyterian  minister;  but 
we  find  him  first  a  political  author,  (in  1683)  then  a  sol 
dier,  as  an  adherent  of  the  Duke  of  Monmouth,  and  subse 
quently  a  hosier,  a  tilemaker,  and  a  woollen  merchant,  in 
succession.  The  publication  referred  to  above  is  the  Trea 
tise  against  the  Turks,  which  was  intended  to  support  the 
cause  of  the  Austrians.  His  excellent  treatise,  called  an 
Essay  upon  Projects,  appeared  in  1697.  In  1699  he  pub. 
a  poetical  satire  entitled  The  True-born  Englishman,  a 
defence  of  King  William  and  the  Dutch.  This  was  sue- 


DEF 


DEF 


cessful,  and  gave  the  author  a  great  reputation.  Three 
years  later,  the  publication  of  The  Shortest  Way  with  the 
Dissenters,  involved  De  Foe  in  great  trouble. 

"  In  this  playful  piece  of  irony,  the  author  gravely  proposed,  a*s 
the  easiest  and  speediest  way  of  ridding  the  land  of  Dissenters,  to 
hang  their  ministers  and  banish  the  people.  But  both  Church 
men  and  Dissenters  viewed  the  whole  in  a  serious  light ;  and  while 
many  of  the  former  applauded  the  author  as  a  staunch  and  worthy 
Churchman,  as  many  of  the  latter,  filled  with  apprehensions  dire, 
began  to  prepare  for  Tyburn  and  Smithfield." 

The  High  Church  party,  however,  were  not  disposed  to 
tolerate  irony ;  the  House  of  Commons  declared  the  book 
a  libel,  and  ordered  it  to  be  burnt  by  the  hands  of  the 
common  hangman  ;  and  the  zealous  polemic  was  invited  to 
assume  a  prominent  position  in  the  pillory.  Pope  thus 
refers  to  this  unpalatable  exaltation  : 

"  Earless  on  high  stood  unabashed  De  Foe." — Dunciad. 

The  sufferer  himself  displayed  his  equanimity  by  indit 
ing  a  hymn  to  the  pillory,  which  he  describes  as 
"  A  hieroglyphic  state-machine 
Condemned  to  punish  fancy  in." 

Whilst  imprisoned  in  Newgate,  where  he  was  confined 
for  two  years,  he  pub.  a  periodical  paper  called  The  Re 
view.  In  1706  he  again  entered  the  political  field  by  his 
Essay  at  removing  Prejudices  against  an  Union  with  Scot 
land,  and  in  1709  pub.  his  celebrated  History  of  the  Union. 
The  last  of  his  political  tracts  was  An  Appeal  to  Honour  and 
Justice,  intended  as  a  hint  to  the  House  of  Hanover  of  the 
obligations  due  to  the  neglected  writer.  .  A  proper  reward 
for  his  services  would  have  been  very  acceptable  to  the 
author,  for  he  seldom  prospered  in  trade,  and  often  knew 
the  bitterness  of  pecuniary  embarrassment.  Among  his 
best-known  works,  which  amount  in  number  to  at  least 
210 — Wilson  thinks  some  have  escaped  him,  and  see 
Lowndes's  Bibl.  Man.,  Watt's  Bibl.,  and  Biog.  Brit.— are 
the  following:  Robinson  Crusoe,  (first  pub.  in  1719;)  A 
New  Voyage  round  the  World ;  The  Life  of  Captain  Sin 
gleton  ;  The  Adventures  of  Roxana ;  the  Hist,  of  Duncan 
Campbell;  The  Life  of  Moll  Flanders;  The  Life  of  Colo 
nel  Jack;  The  Memoirs  of  a  Cavalier  during  the  Civil 
Wars  in  England ;  Religious  Courtship ;  A  Journal  of  the 
Plague  in  1665  ;  The  Political  Hist,  of  the  Devil  and  A 
System  of  Magic;  A  Relation  of  the  Apparition  of  one 
Mrs.  Veal ;  A  Tour  through  England  and  Scotland ;  An 
Essay  on  the  Treaty  of  Commerce  with  France ;  A  Plan 
of  the  English  Commerce;  Giving  Alms  no  Charity.  Of 
the  last  two  works  an  eminent  authority  remarks  : 

"  The  Plan  of  the  English  Commerce  is  full  of  information ;  and, 
though  desultory,  is  ably  written,  and  contains  sundry  passages 
in  which  the  influence  of  trade  and  industry  in  promoting  the 
well-being  of  the  labouring  classes  and  the  public  wealth  is  set  in 
the  most  striking  point  of  view.  .  .  .  Giving  Alms  no  Charity  is 
written  with  considerable  cleverness.  .  .  .  But  these  arguments 
are  not  so  conclusive  as  some  have  supposed.  .  .  .  The  truth  is, 
that  in  matters  of  this  sort  De  Foe  was  quite  as  prejudiced  and 
purblind  as  the  bulk  of  those  around  him.  He  had  not  read,  or 
if  he  had  read,  he  had  plainly,  at  all  events,  profited  nothing  by, 
the  conclusive  reasonings  in  the  Tract  on  the  East  India  Trade, 
previously  referred  to.  See  p.  100."— McCulloch's  Lit.  of  PoUt.  Econ. 
Another  authority  entitled  to  great  respect,  remarks : 
"  As  a  commercial  writer,  De  Foe  is  fairly  entitled  to  stand  in 
the  foremost  rank  among  his  contemporaries,  whatever  may  be 
their  performances  or  their  fame.  .  .  .  His  distinguishing  charac 
teristics  are  originality  and  depth.  He  has  many  sentiments  with 
regard  to  traffick.  which  are  scattered  through  his  Reviews,  aud 
which  I  never  read  in  any  other  hook." — George  Chalmers's  Life 
of  De  Foe,  Lon.  1790,  8vo. 

An  ed.  of  the  novels  of  De  Foe  was  pub.  in  Edinburgh 
in  1810,  12  vols.  8vo.  Works,  with  Memoir  of  his  Life  and 
Writings  by  W.  Hazlitt,  Lon.  1840-43,  3  vols.  8vo.  Mis 
cellaneous  Works,  with  Memoir,  Literary  Prefaces,  Illus 
trative  Notes,  Ac.  by  Sir  Walter  Scott  and  others,  (Tal- 
boy's  ed.,)  Oxford,  1840-41,  20  rols.  12mo.  This  ed.  is 
now  very  scarce.  It  was  pub.  at  £5.  The  reader  must 
not  fail  to  procure  that  interesting  work,  The  Life  and 
Times  of  Daniel  De  Foe,  with  Review  of  his  Writings  and 
Opinions  on  Important  Matters,  by  Walter  Wilson,  Lon 
1830,  3  vols.  8vo. 

"  I  have  given  your  volumes  a  careful  perusal,  and  they  have 
taken  their  degree  of  classical  books  on  my  shelves.  De  Foe  was 
always  my  darling ;  but  what  darkness  was  I  in  as  to  for  the  larger 
part  of  his  writings !  I  have  now  an  epitome  of  them  all." — C.  LAMB. 

Before  quoting  some  testimonies  to  De  Foe's  general 
meritsiis  an  author,  and  notices  of  particular  works,  it  will 
be  only  proper  to  cite  some  opinions  upon  that  delightful 
romance — among  the  first  and  last  of  our  literary  luxuries 
— Robinson  Crusoe. 

"  De  Foe  has  been  charged  with  surreptitiously  appropriating 
the  papers  of  Alexander  Selkirk  to  the  formation  of  his  celebrated 
work ;  but  the  charge,  though  repeatedly  and  confidently  brought 
appears  to  be  destitute  of  foundation."— PARK. 

HowelPs  Life  and  Adventures  of  Selkirk  must  not  be 
neglected  by  the  reader. 


I  "  As  this  is  the  latest,  so  it  is  the  most  authentic,  account  of 
i  Selkirk,  and  embraces  a  variety  of  particulars  relating  to  his  per- 
j  sonal  history,  never  before  communicated  to  the  public.  It  is  an 
elegant  little  volume,  and  will  be  read  with  interest  by  every  ad- 
'  mirer  of  Robinson  Crusoe." — Wilson's  Memoir  of  Daniel  De  fbe. 

Other  accounts  of  Selkirk  will  be  found  in  his  own  nar- 

!  ration,  entitled  Providence  Displayed,  printed  from  Capt. 

I  Woodes  Rogers's  Cruising  Voyage  round  the  World,  1712. 

See  Isaac  James's  publication  of  Providence  Displayed, 

Lon.,  1800,  12mo — in  Capt.  Edw.  Cooke's  Voyage,  1712, 

p.  34;  in  the  Englishman,  by  Sir  Rd.  Steele,  No.  26;  and 

in  Collet's  Relics  of  Literature,  341-44. 

Robinson  Crusoe  first  appeared  in  a  periodical  publica 
tion  entitled  The  Original  London  Post,  or  Heathcote's 
Intelligencer,  Nos.  125  to  289  inclusive,  in  1719.  Its  suc 
cess  was  so  great,  that  four  edits,  were  pub.,  3  in  2  vols. 
8vo,  and  an  abridgt.  in  12mo,  in  the  same  year.  In  1720, 
8vo,  appeared  Serious  Reflections  during  the  Life  and  Ad 
ventures  of  Robinson  Crusoe  :  with  his  Vision  of  the  An 
gelic  World.  This  was  intended  as  a  third  vol.  to  Robin 
son  Crusoe,  but  was  not  so  well  received.  Of  the  many 
eds.  of  Crusoe,  we  may  especially  notice  Tyas's  illustrated 
one,  pub.  in  about  40"  Nos.,  with  engravings  from  designs 
by  Granville,  and  an  ed.  of  1820,  2  vols.  8vo,  with  engrav 
ings  by  Charles  Heath,  from  designs  by  Mr.  Stothard. 

"  If  ever  the  late  Mr.  Stothard  entered  more  warmly  upon  any 
one  of  his  labours  than  another,  these  illustrations  to  Robinson 
Crusoe  have  that  honour;  composed  at  a  time  when  he  was  in 
fullest  possession  of  his  powers,  there  is  a  charm  about  them 
which  no  other  book  illustrations  possess.  They  are  as  unique  in 
their  way  as  the  book  they  adorn." 

.  "  Robinson  Crusoe  must  be  allowed,  by  the  most  rigid  moralists, 
to  be  one  of  those  novels  which  one  may  read,  not  only  with  plea 
sure,  but  also  with  profit.  It  breathes  throughout  a  spirit  of 
piety  and  benevolence;  it  sets  in  a  very  striking  light  the  im 
portance  of  the  mechanic  arts,  which  they  who  know  not  what  it 
is  to  be  without  them  are  apt  to  undervalue.  It  fixes  in  the  mind 
a  lively  idea  of  the  horrors  of  solitude,  and,  consequently,  of  the 
sweets  of  social  life,  and  of  the  blessings  we  derive  from  conversa 
tion  and  mutual  aid;  and  it  shows  how  by  labouring  with  one's 
own  hands,  one  may  secure  independence,  and  open  for  one's  self 
many  sources  of  health  and  amusement.  I  agree,  therefore,  with 
Rousseau,  that  this  is  one  of  the  best  books  that  can  be  put  into 
the  hands  of  .children."— Dr.  Seattle's  Moral  and  Critical  Disser 
tations. 

We  quote  from  Rousseau's  opinion,  referred  to  by  Dr. 
Beattie  : 

"  As  we  must  have  books,  there  is  one  already  written,  which, 
in  my  opinion,  affords  a  complete  treatise  on  natural  education. 
This  book  shall  be  the  first  Emilius  shall  read;  in  this,  indeed, 
will,  for  a  long  time,  consist  his  whole  library,  and  it  will  always 
hold  a  distinguished  place  among  others.  It  will  afford  us  the 
text  to  which  all  our  conversations  on  the  objects  of  natural 
science  will  serve  only  as  a  comment.  It  will  serve  us  as  our 
guide  during  our  progress  to  a  state  of  reason;  and  will  ever 
afterwards  give  us  constant  pleasure,  unless  our  taste  be  wholly 

"  You  ask  impatiently,  What  is  the  title  of  this  wonderful  book  ? 
Is  it  Aristotle,  Pliny,  or  Buffon?  No;  it  is  ROBINSON  CRUSOE." — 
Emilius  and  Sophia,  or  a  New  System  of  Education,  ii.  59-63,  Eng 
lish  trans.  1767, 12mo. 

"  Was  there  ever  any  thing  written  by  mere  man.  that  the  reader 
wished  longer,  except  Robinson  Crusoe,  Don  Quixote,  and  the 
Pilgrim's  Progress?" — DR.  SAML.  JOHNSON. 

"  How  happy  that  this,  the  most  moral  of  romances,  is  not  only 
the  most  charming  of  books,  but  also  the  most  instructive."— 
CHALMERS. 

"  Robinson  Crusoe  is  delightful  to  all  ranks  and  classes.  It  is 
capital  kitchen  reading,  and  equally  worthy  from  its  deep  interest, 
to  find  a  place  in  the  libraries  of  the  wealthiest  and  the  most 
learned." — CHARLES  LAMB. 

"  Perhaps  there  exists  no  work,  either  of  instruction  or  enter 
tainment,  in  the  English  language,  which  has  been  more  gene 
rally  read,  and  more  univerally  admired,  than  the  Life  and  Ad 
ventures  of  Robinson  Crusoe.  It  is  difficult  to  say  in  what  the 
charm  consists,  by  which  persons  of  all  classes  and  denominations 
are  thus  fascinated;  yet  the  majority  of  readers  will  recollect  it  as 
among  the  first  works  that  awakened  and  interested  their  youth 
ful  attention ;  and  feel,  even  in  advanced  life,  and  in  the  maturity 
of  their  understanding,  that  there  are  still  associated  with  Robin 
son  Crusoe,  the  sentiments  peculiar  to  that  period,  when  all  is 
new,  all  glittering  in  prospect,  and  when  those  visions  are  most 
bright,  which  the  experience  of  after  life  tends  only  to  darken  and 
destroy."— SIR  WALTER  SCOTT. 

We  shall  now  quote  some  opinions  of  a  few  of  our  au 
thor's  other  works,  and  of  his  peculiar  excellencies  as  an 
author : 

"  De  Foe  was  employed  by  Queen  Anne  on  a  special  mission  to 
Scotland  respecting  the  Union.  His  work  is  the  most  authentic 
on  the  subject." — CHALMERS. 

"  His  History  of  the  Union  is  sufficient  to  place  the  author 
among  the  soundest  historians  of  the  day." — T.  F.  DIBDIN. 

"  De  Foe  visited  Scotland  about  the  time  of  the  Union,  and  it  is 
evident  that  the  anecdotes  concerning  this  unhappy  period,  must 
have  been  peculiarly  interesting  to  a  man  of  his  liveliness  of  ima 
gination,  who  excelled  all  others  in  dramatizing  a  story,  and  pre 
senting  it  in  actual  speech  and  action  before  the  reader."— Lon. 
Quar.  Rtv.  xxiv.  361. 

"  It  will  be  in  vain  to  contend  for  any  thing  like  the  same  merit 

489 


DBF 


DEL 


(as  in  Crusoe)  in  Moll  Flanders,  Captain  Singleton,  Colonel  Jack,  | 
and  Roxana;  yet  it  is,  in  part,  of  the  same  description.     We  ad-  | 
vert  to  the  singular  truth  and  correctness  of  the  individual  por-  \ 
traiture.     Whether  it  is  possible  to  benefit  the  world  by  veritable 
likenesses  of  harlots,  pirates,  and  sharpers,  may  be  doubted ;  but 
it  is  something  to  have  them  exhibited  in  their  native  deformity, 
without  being  sentimentalized  into  Gulnares,  Conrads,  and  inte 
resting  enfansperdus  of  that  Byronic  description.     Whatever  ca-  j 
veat  may  be  entered  against  these  productions,  the  first-rate  sign 
of  genius,  the  power  of  imagining  a  character  within  a  certain  j 
range  of  existence,  and  throwing  into  it  the  breath  of  life  and  in- 
dividualization,  was  a  pre-eminent  mental  characteristic  of  De 
Foe."—  Westminster  Review,  xiii.  69,  Ac. 

"  While  all  ages  and  descriptions  of  people  hang  delighted  over 
Robinson  Crusoe,  and  shall  continue  to  do  so,  we  trust,  while  the 
world  lasts,  how  few  comparatively  will  bear  to  be  told,  that  there 
exist  other  fictitious  narratives  by  the  same  writer — four  of  them 
at  least  of  no  inferior  interest :  Roxana — Singleton — Moll  Flanders 
— Colonel  Jack — are  all  genuine  offspring  of  the  same  father.  An 
unpractised  midwife  would  swear  to  the  nose,  lip,  forehead,  and 
eye  of  every  one  of  them.  They  are,  in  their  way,  as  full  of  inci 
dent,  and  some  of  them  every  bit  as  romantic.  ...  We  would  not 
hesitate  to  say,  that  in  no  other  book  of  fiction,  where  the  lives  of 
such  characters  are  described,  is  guilt  and  delinquency  made  less 
seductive,  or  the  suffering  made  more  closely  to  follow  the  com 
mission,  or  the  penitence  more  earnest  or  more  bleeding,  or  the 
intervening  flashes  of  religious  visitation  upon  the  rude,  unin- 
structed  soul,  more  meltingly  and  fearfully  painted."— C.  LAMB. 

"  Most  of  our  readers  are  probably  familiar  with  De  Foe's  his 
tory  of  that  great  calamity  (the  Plague)— a  work  in  which  fabu 
lous  incidents  and  circumstances  are  combined  with  authentic  nar 
ratives,  with  an  art  and  verisimilitude  which  no  other  writer  has 
ever  been  able  to  communicate  to  fiction.  .  .  .  The  author  of  Ro 
binson  Crusoe  was  an  Englishman,  and  one  of  those  Englishmen 
who  make  us  proud  of  the  name."— Win.  Rev.  xxiv.  321. 

"  Few  men  have  been  more  accurate  observers  of  life  and  man 
ners,  and  of  the  mechanism  of  society,  than  De  Foe.  .  .  .  His  No 
vels,  in  spite  of  much  improbability,  have  been  oftener  taken  for 
true  narratives  than  any  fictions  that  ever  were  composed."— ion 
Quar.  Rev.  xxiv.  361. 

In  proof  of  the  above  assertion,  we  may  mention  that 
the  alleged  appearance  of  the  apparition  of  Mrs.  Veal  was 
believed  to  be  sober  matter  of  fact;  the  Memoirs  of  a  Ca 
valier  have  been  often  cited  as  historical  authority,  and  were 
credited  by  Lord  Chatham ;  the  Journal  of  the  Plague  was 
believed  by  as  keen  critics  as  Dr.  Mead  and  Dr.  Cheyne  ; 
and  still  more  amusing — the  track  of  the  pretended  Voy 
age  round  the  World  was  actually  laid  down  in  a  staid, 
dignified,  respectable-looking  map  !  On  the  publication  of 
the  Voyage  to  the  World  of  Cartesius,  "  scarce  mention  was 
made  of  this  New  World,  but  an  infinite  number  of  French, 
English,  and  Dutchmen  resolve  to  go  and  see  it."  p.  1. 

The  compliment  conveyed  in  the  last  sentence  of  the 
annexed  quotation  which  we  italicize  is  therefore  well 
deserved : 

"  As  a  writer  of  fiction,  whether  we  consider  the  originality  of 
his  genius,  the  simplicity  of  his  design,  or  the  utility  of  his  moral, 
De  Foe  is  now  universally  acknowledged  to  stand  in  the  foremost 
ground.  That  his  inventive  powers  were  of  the  first  order,  no  one 
can  doubt;  nor  that  he  possessed  the  art,  above  most  other  men,  of 
infusing  into  his  performances  all  the  genuine  pathos  of  nature 
without  the  least  apparent  effort  or  exaggeration."— WILSON. 

Sir  Walter  Scott  thus  defines  the  pathos  which  affects  us 
so  sensibly  in  the  writings  of  De  Foe : 

"  Pathos  is  not  De  Foe's  general  characteristic :  he  had  too  little 
delicacy  of  mind.  When  it  comes,  it  comes  uncalled,  and  is  cre 
ated  by  the  circumstances,  not  sought  for  by  the  author.  The  ex 
cess,  for  instance,  of  the  natural  longing  for  human  society  which 
Crusoe  manifests  while  on  board  of  the  stranded  Spanish  vessel, 
by  ailing  into  a  sort  of  agony,  as  he  repeated  the  words,  <  Oh  that 
but  one  man  had  been  saved!  oh  that  there  had  been  but  one!'  is 
in  the  highest  degree  pathetic.  The  agonizing  reflections  of  the 
solitary,  when  he  is  in  danger  of  being  driven  to  sea,  in  his  rash 
attempt  to  circumnavigate  his  island,  are  also  affecting." 

"  He  must  be  acknowledged  as  one  of  the  ablest,  as  he  was  one 
of  the  most  captivating,  writers  of  which  this  isle  can  boast  "— 
CHALMERS. 

In  an  estimate  of  the  writings  of  De  Foe,  the  strongly- 
marked  moral  and  religious  tendency  of  his  compositions 
must  by  no  means  be  forgotten.  The  eminent  authority 
just  quoted,  who,  as  his  biographer,  carefully  investigated 
the  incidents  of  a  troubled  life  extending  to  the  threescore 
and  ten  years  allotted  to  man,  declares  as  the  result  of  his 
investigations  that 

"The  events  of  his  life  prove  him  entitled  to  the  praise  of  inte 
grity,  sincerity,  and  unvaried  consistency."— SIR  WALTER  SCOTT. 

Another  biographer  remarks  that  his  review  of  the  life 
and  writings  of  De  Foe  had  satisfied  him  that 

ihgion  was  uppermost  in  his  mind;  that  he  reaped  its  con- 
Bolaticms  and  lived  under  a  habitual  sense  of  its  practical  import- 


"I  am  a  stoick,"  says  he,  "in  whatever  may  be  the  event  of 
things  I'll  do  and  say  what  I  think  is  a  debt  to  justice  and  truth, 
without  the  least  regard  to  clamour  and  reproach ;  and  as  I  am 
utterly  unconcerned  at  human  opinion,  the  people  that  throw  ' 
away  their  breath  so  freely  in  censuring  me  may  consider  of  some 
better  improvement  to  make  of  their  passions  than  to  waste  them 
on  a  man  that  is  both  above  and  below  the  reach  of  them.  I  know 
too  much  of  the  world  to  expect  good  in  it,  and  have  learnt  to  value 
it  too  little  to  be  concerned  at  the  evil.  I  have  gone  through  a  life  i 


of  wonders,  and  am  the  subject  of  a  vast  variety  of  providences. 
I  have  been  fed  more  by  miracle  than  Elijah,  when  the  ravens 
were  his  purveyors.  I  have  sometime  ago  summed  up  the  scenes 
of  my  life  in  this  distich : 

No  man  has  tasted  differing  fortunes  more; 
And  thirteen  times  I  have  been  rich  and  poor. 

"In  the  school  of  affliction  I  have  learnt  more  philosophy  than 
at  the  academy,  and  more  divinity  than  from  the  pulpit :  in  prison 
I  have  learnt  that  liberty  does  not  consist  in  open  doors,  and  the 
egress  and  regress  of  locomotion.  I  have  seen  the  rough  side  of 
the  world  as  well  as  the  smooth ;  and  have,  in  less  than  half  a 
year,  tasted  the  difference  between  the  closet  of  a  king  and  the 
dungeon  of  Newgate.  I  have  suffered  deeply  for  cleaving  to  princi 
ples  of  which  integrity  I  have  lived  to  say,  none  but  those  I  suf 
fered  for  ever  reproached  me  with  it." 

We  conclude  with  an  eloquent  tribute  to  De  Foe's  merits 
from  an  authority  of  the  first  rank : 

"  For  our  part,  surrounded  as  we  are  by  the  bustle  and  cares  of 
middle  age,  the  mere  mention  of  our  author's  name  falls  upon  us 
as  cool  and  refreshing  as  a  drop  of  rain  in  the  hot  and  parched 
midday.  .  .  .  We  are  compelled  to  regard  him  as  a  phenomenon, 
and  to  consider  his  genius  as  something  rare  and  curious,  which 
it  is  impossible  to  assign  to  any  class  whatever.  Throughout  the 
ample  stores  of  fiction  in  which  our  literature  abounds,  more  than 
that  of  any  other  people,  there  are  no  works  which  at  all  resemble 
his,  either  in  the  design  or  execution.  Without  any  precursor  in 
the  strange  and  unwonted  path  he  chose,  and  without  a  follower, 
he  spun  his  web  of  coarse  but  original  materials,  which  no  mortal 
had  ever  thought  of  using  before ;  and  when  he  had  done,  it  seems 
as  though  he  had  snapped  the  thread,  and  conveyed  it  beyond  the 
reach  of  imitation.  To  have  a  numerous  train  of  followers  is  usu 
ally  considered  as  adding  to  the  reputation  of  a  writer :  it  is  a  pe 
culiar  honour  to  De  Foe  that  he  had  none.  Wherever  he  has  stolen 
a  grace  beyond  the  reach  of  art,  wherever  the  vigour  and  freshness 
of  nature  are  apparent,  there  he  is  inaccessible  to  imitation.  .  .  . 
In  the  fictions  of  De  Foe  we  meet  with  nothing  that  is  artificial,  or 
that  does  not  breathe  the  breath  of  life." — Lon.  Retrospective  Re 
view,  iii.  354,  1821. 

De  Forest,  J.  W.  1.  History  of  the  Indians  of  Con 
necticut  from  the  Earliest  Known  Period  to  1850,  Hartford, 
8vo.  2.  Oriental  Acquaintance :  in  a  series  of  letters  from 
Asia  Minor,  N.  York,  1856, 12mo.  3.  European  Acquaint 
ance  :  being  Sketches  of  People  in  Europe,  N.Y.,  1858, 12mo. 

Degg,  Simon.     A  Skeleton,  Ac.,  Phil.  Trans.,  1727. 

Degge,Sir  Simon.  The  Parson's  Counsellor,  and  Law 
of  Tithes,  Lon.,  1676,  8vo;  7th  ed.,  by  C.  Ellis,  1820,  8vo. 

"  A  text-book  which  Richards  referred  to,  as  he  had  always  un- 
stood  it  to  be  a  book  of  some  value  as  an  authority." — Marvin's 
Legal  Bill. 

Degols,  Gerard.     Serms.,  Ac.,  1711-26. 

Degravere,  J.     Thesaurus  Remediorum,  Lon.,  1662. 

Dehany,  Wm.  K.     Turnpike  Acts,  Lon.,  1823,  12mo. 

De  Hart,  W.  C.     Military  Law,  N.  York,  1846,  8vo. 

Dehon,  Theodore,  D.D.,  1776-1817,  a  native  of 
Boston,  graduated  at  Harvard  College,  1795;  Rector  of 
Trinity  Church,  Newport,  R.  I.,  1798;  of  St.  Michael's, 
Charleston,  S.  C.,  1809;  Bishop  of  S.  Carolina,  1812. 

"  He  was  respected  as  a  man  of  talents,  and  beloved  for  his 
amiable  qualities  and  many  virtues." — Allen's  Amer.  Biog.  Diet. 

He  pub.  several  discourses  before  societies  and  some 
serms.  90  Serms.  on  the  Public  Means  of  Grace,  Ac., 
1821,  2  vols.  8vo;  new  ed.,  Lon.,  1823,  2  vols.  8vo;  Amer. 
ed.,  N.  York,  1857,  2  vols.  8vo. 

"  A  silvery  eloquence  runs  through  the  whole  texture  of  these 
discourses." — Lon.  Christian  Observer. 

"  His  sermons  are  useful,  interesting,  and  eloquent." — Darling's 
Cyc.  Bibl. 

Deighan,  Paul.     Arithmetic  and  Key,  Dubl.,  1809. 

Deios,  Lawrence.  Serms.  against  Antichrist,  Lon., 
1509,  8vo. 

Dekar,  H.     Predestination.  2d  ed.,  1779,  8vo. 

De  Kay,  James  E.  Sketches  of  Turkey  in  1831,  '32, 
New  York,  8vo.  Natural  History  of  New  York ;  Zoology, 
vols.  1-5.  This  work  is  in  15  vols.  4to,  pub.  in  Albany, 
1842-49.  The  introduction  is  by  Hon.  Wm.  H.  Seward,  late 
Governor  of  N.  York.  See  Rich's  Bibliotheca  Americana 
Nova;  Roorbach's  Bibliotheca  Americana. 

Dekker,  Thomas.     See  DECKER. 

De  La  Heche,  Sir  Henry  Thomas,  1796-1855, 
a  native  of  London,  entered  the  Royal  Military  College  in 
1810,  and  became  a  member  of  the  Geol.  Soc.  in  1817.  He 
was  knighted  in  1848.  Trans,  of  a  Select,  of  the  Geolog. 
Memoirs  in  the  Annales  des  Mines,  with  Notes,  Lon.,  1824, 
8vo,  and  1836.  Geolog.  Notes,  1830,  8vo.  Sections  and 
Views  illus.  of  Geolog.  Phenomena,  1830,  4to.  Geolog. 
Manual,  1832,  8vo.  How  to  Observe,  Geology,  1835, 
sm.  8vo,  and  2d  ed. 

"It  is  a  truly  Baconian  volume;  a  sort  of  Novum  Organon  of 
Geology." 

Report  on  the  Geology  of  Cornwall,  Devon,  and  Somer 
set,  1839,  8vo.  The  Geological  Observer,  with  upwards 
of  300  wood-cuts,  1851,  8vo;  2d  ed.,  1853. 

"  No  one  could  be  found  so  capable  of  directing  the  labours  of 
the  young  geologist,  or  to  aid  by  his  own  experience  the  stu 
dies  of  those  who  may  not  have  been  able  to  range  so  extensively 
over  the  earth's  surface.  We  strongly  recommend  Sir  Henry  De 


DEL 

La  Beche's  book  to  those  who  desire  to  know  what  has  been  done,  I 
and  to  learn  something  of  the  wide  examination  which  yet  lies 
waiting  for  the  industrious  observer." — Lon.  Athenceum. 

De  La  Cour  or  Delacour,  James,  an  Irish  poet, 
1709-1781,  was  educated  at  Trinity  College,  Dublin,  and 
subsequently  took  holy  orders.    Abelard  to  Eloisa ;  a  Poem, 
1729.    In  imitation  of  Pope.    The  Prospect  of  Poetry,  1733. 
Delafaye,  Theo.     Serms.,  &c.,  1745-68. 
Delafon,  W.     Naval  Court  Martials,  Lon.,  1805,  8vo. 
Delamain,  Rich.     Lands  in  Ireland,  Lon.,  1641,  fol. 
Delamain,  Robert.     Mathemat.  treatises,  1630,  '31. 
Delamayne,  Thos.     Essay  on  Man,  1779,  4to. 
Delamere,  Henry,  Earl  of  Warrington.     Collection 
of  his  Speeches,  Lon.,  1694,  fol.     Works  and  Speeches, 
1694,  Svo. 

Delmote,  P.  Introduc.  to  Mviscke,  Lon.,  1574,  Svo. 
De  Lancey,  Wm.  Heathcote,  D.D.,  LL.D.,  Prot. 
Episcopal  Bishop  of  Western  New  York,  a  descendant  of 
Chief  Justice  De  Lancey,  was  born  in  1797  at  Mamaroneck, 
Westchester  county,  New  York ;  graduated  at  Yale  Col 
lege,  1817 ;  Provost  of  the  University  of  Pennsylvania, 
1828 ;  assistant  rector  in  1833,  and  rector  in  1836,  of  St. 
Peter's  Church,  Philada. ;  consecrated  bishop  of  the  dio 
cese  of  Western  New  York,  1839.  Sermons,  Ac. 

Delane,  John  T.,  the  editor  of  The  London  Times, 
was  educated  at  Magdalen  Hall,  Oxford,  where  he  took 
his  degree. 

"  As  the  responsible  head  of  the  most  widely  circulated  paper 
in  London,  Mr.  Delane  probably  exercises  as  great  a  power  for  good 
— or  for  mischief— as  any  man  in  England." — Men  of  the  Time, 
Lon.,  1853. 

Delane,  W.  F.  A.  Turnpike  Acts,  Lon.,  1828, 12mo. 
Laws  for  reg.  the  Highways,  1835,  12mo.  Electors,  2d 
ed.,  1836,  12mo. 

Delaney,  General  Oliver.  Considerations  on  the 
Propriety  of  Imposing  Taxes  in  the  British  Colonies,  Lon., 
1766. 

Delany,  Mary,  1700-1788,  a  daughter  of  Bernard 
Granville,  Esq.,  afterwards  Lord  Lansdowne,  was  married 
first  to  Alexander  Pendarves,  and  then  to  Dr.  Patrick  De 
lany.  She  corresponded  with  the  literary  celebrities  of  the 
day,  and  her  letters  have  been  much  admired.  Late  in  life 
she  commenced  writing  poetry.  Letters  of  Mrs.  Delany 
to  Mrs.  Frances  Hamilton,  1779-88,  Svo;  1821.  This  vol. 
contains  many  anecdotes  relating  to  the  royal  family.  See 
the  Diary  of  Mme.  D'Arblay. 

Delany,  Patrick,  1686F-176S,  a  native  of  Ireland, 
was  educated  at,  and  Fellow  of,  Trinity  College,  Dublin; 
became  Chancellor  of  Christ  Church,  and  Prebendary  of 
St.  Patrick's,  Dublin;  Dean  of  Down,  1744.  He  was  an 
intimate  friend  of  Dean  Swift,  and  wrote  some  strictures 
upon  Lord  Orrery's  Remarks  on  the  Life  and  Writings  of 
that  distinguished  author.  The  Tribune,  a  Periodical  Pa 
per,  continued  through  20  Nos.,  commencing  in  1729.  Re 
velation  Examined  with  Candour,  1732-63,  3  vols.  Svo; 
3d  ed.  of  the  2  vols.,  1735;  4th  ed.,  1745,  anon. 

"  In  this  work  Dr.  Delany  discovers  a  very  considerable  portion 
of  learning,  research,  and  acuteness.  It  contains  many  things  not 
to  be  found  in  the  ordinary  class  of  commentators ;  some  things 
that  are  fanciful ;  and  some  things  not  in  unison  with  generally 
received  opinions." — Orme's  Bibl.  Bib. 

"  It  is  a  work  of  uncommon  merit,  and  too  little  known.  It  com 
prises  a  number  of  Dissertations  on  the  most  important  facts  and 
histories  in  the  sacred  writings ;  and  especially  those  which  have 
been  cavilled  at  by  Deists  and  freethinkers  of  every  description. 
In  every  case  he  is  master  of  his  subject;  and  in  every  instance 
his  pretended  Anakim  opponents  die  grasshoppers  in  his  hands. 
— DR.  ADAM  CLARKE. 

"An  able  defence  of  Natural  and  Revealed  Religion  against 
Atheists  and  Deists." — BICKERSTETH. 

Reflections  upon  Polygamy,  1738.  Hist.  Account  of 
the  Life  and  Reign  of  David,  King  of  Israel,  1740-42,  3 
rols. ;  1745,  '58,  '69,  anon. 

"  A  very  interesting  and  elegant  work.  If  it  is  drawn  up  with 
less  sobriety  of  judgment  and  severity  of  criticism  than  the  Life 
of  David  by  Dr.  Chandler,  it  displays  much  greater  refinement  and 
delicacy  of  thought  and  manner." —  Wittiams's  Christian  Preacher. 
"  Unfortunately  for  its  reputation,  a  similar  life  of  David  by  Dr. 
Chandler  provokes  comparison ;  and  every  one  who  has  read  the 
two  performances,  will  have  no  hesitation  in  preferring  the  work 
of  Chandler  to  that  of  Delany.  It  is  more  valuable,  both  as  a  book 
of  Scripture  criticism,  and  of  general  information."— Orme's  Bibl. 
Bib. 

Bickersteth  thus  draws  the  comparison : 
"Chandler  more  critical  and  sober  in  judgment;  Delany  finer 
thoughts  and  more  taste.    Chandler  too  much  palliates  David's 
crimes." — Christian  Student. 

"  A  respectable  and  useful  work,  but  greatly  inferior  to  Dr.  Chand 
ler's  masterly  Critical  History  of  the  Life  of  David."—  Orme's  Bibl. 
Bib. 

Serms.  upon  Social  Duties,  1744,  Svo;  1747,  '50. 

"  The  Practical  Duties  of  Religion  are  enforced  with  great  Energy ; 

and  an  amiable  Spirit  of  Candour,  Benevolence,  and  Piety  breathes 

throughout  all  his  Discourses." 


DEL 

Delany  pub.  a  number  of  separate  sermons,  &c.  His 
last  work  was  the  following :  Eighteen  Discourses  and  Dis 
sertations  upon  various  very  important  and  interesting  Sub 
jects,  1766,  8vo.  See  a  notice  of  this  volume — especially 
two  dissertations  at  the  end — in  Orme's  Bibl.  Bib. 

'Delany  was  a  man  of  ability  and  learning;  disposed  occasion 
ally  to  use  his  fancy,  and  to  reason  confidently  on  doubtful  or  dis 
puted  premises.  There  is  also  a  great  lack  of  evangelical  sentiment 
in  his  writings."— ORME,  ubi  supra. 

Delay,  Dr.  J.  The  Royal  Suppliants  j  a  Trag.,  Lon., 
1781,  8vo.  The  Captives;  a  Trag.,  1786,  8vo.  Elegies, 
1788,  '99.  Sedition  ;  an  Ode,  1792. 

Delap,  John,  D.D.     Serm.,  1762,  4to. 

De  Lara,  D.  E.   Key  to  Portuguese,  Lon.,  1825,  ISnao. 

Delaune,  Henry.  Legacy  to  his  Sons,  Lon.,  1657, 
sm.  -I  ti>. 

':  A  miscellany  of  precepts,  theological,  moral,  political,  cecono- 
mical,  digested  into  seven  centuries  of  quadrins." 

"The  admonitions  in  this  volume  are  estimable,  the  style  nervous, 
and  the  versification,  in  general,  correct." — Watt's  Bibl.  Brit. 

Delaune,  Thos.  The  Present  State  of  London,  &c., 
1681,  12mo.  Continued  by  a  Careful  Hand  to  1690,  1690, 
12mo. 

"  Nor  is  De  Laun's  pretended  state  of  the  city  much  different 
from  what  we  have  there  [in  Stow's  Chronicle."] — Bishop  Nicolson's 
Eng.  Hist.,  lib.  15. 

Delaune,  Thomas.  Theolog.  treatises,  1667-1728. 
In  answer  to  Dr.  Calamy's  discourse  Concerning  a  Scru 
pulous  Conscience,  he  wrote  A  Plea  for  the  Nonconformists, 
1684, 1704, 4to;  preface  by  Daniel  De  Foe.  His  opponents 
replied  by  putting  him  in  the  pillory,  taking  off  his  ears, 
fining  and  imprisoning  him.  He  died  in  prison. 

Delaune,  Wm.,  D.D.,  Pres.  of  St.  John's  Coll.,  and 
Margaret  Prof,  of  Divinity  in  Oxford.  Serm.,  1702,  4to. 
Twelve  Serms.,  Lon.,  1728,  8vo. 

Delaval,  Edward  Hussey,  1729-1814,  an  eminent 
chemist  and  natural  philosopher.  Exper.  Inquiry  rel.  to 
the  Changes  of  Colours  in  Opake  and  Coloured  Bodies, 
Lon.,  1744,  4to.  In  French,  Paris,  1778,  8vo.  In  Italian, 
Mil.,  1779,  Svo;  Bolog.,  1779,  8vo.  Exper.  Inquiry  into 
the  Causes  of  the  Permanent  Colours  of  Opake  Bodies, 
Warr.,  1785,  8vo.  Con.  to  Phil.  Trans.,  1759,  '64,  '65. 

De  La  Warre.     True  Relation  of  Virginia,  1611,  4to. 

Delepierre,  J. Octave.  Old  Flanders;  or,  Popular 
Traditions  and  Legends  of  Belgium,  Lon.,  1845,  2  vols. 
p.  8vo. 

"  Two  volumes  written  with  considerable  spirit.  They  will  afford 
pleasure  to  many  a  reader  as  the  long  evenings  of  winter  draw  on." 
— Lon.  Examiner. 

Deletanville,  Thos.     Guides  to  French,  Lon.,  1758. 

Delgado,  Isaac.  New  Translation  of  the  Penta 
teuch,  Lon.,  1789,  4to. 

"  A  learned  London  Jew,  who  has  given  some  good  observations 
on  the  Pentateuch." — DR.  GEDDES. 

"  The  work  altogether  is  hot  equal  to  its  pretensions,  and  both 
the  translation  and  the  notes  discover  the  influence  of  Jewish  pre 
judice."—  Orme's  Bill.  Bib. 

Delisser,  Richard  L.,  born  in  the  West  Indies  in 
1820.  1.  Interest  and  Average  Tables,  N.  Y.  2.  Complete 
Time  Tables.  3.  Ready  Reckoner.  4.  Elements  of  Book 
Keeping,  <fec. 

Dell,  George.     Serm.,  1711,  4to. 

Dell,  John,  d.  at  Sturry,  in  Kent,  1810,  aged  53.  Po 
etical  Effusions  of  the  Heart,  1783,  8vo.  Contributed  to 
periodicals  under  the  signature  of  Rusticus. 

Dell,  Jonas.     Theolog.  treatises,  Lon.,  1646,  '56/58. 

Dell,  Wm.,  Rector  of  Yelden,  and  Master  of  Gonvil 
and  Caius  College;  ejected,  1662.  Serms.  and  theolog. 
treatises,  1645-97.  Select  Works,  Lon.,  1773,  8vo.  . 

De  Loier,  Peter.  Treatise  of  Specters  or  Straunge 
Sights,  Visions,  and  Apparitions  appearing  sensibly  unto 
Men,  1605,  4to. 

De  Lolme,  John  Louis,  1745-1807,  a  Swiss  lawyer, 
resided  for  some  years  in  England,  where  at  times  he  re 
quired  the  assistance  of  the  Literary  Fund.  He  died  in 
Switzerland.  A  Parallel  between  the  English  Government 
and  the  Former  Government  of  Sweden,  Lon.,  1772.  Later 
eds.  of  this  work  include  the  English  version  of  the  follow 
ing  :  The  Constitution  of  English ;  written  in  French  and 
pub.  in  Holland;  trans,  into  English,  and  pub.  in  1775, 
with  the  Parallel,  3d  ed.,  1781;  4th,  1784,  with  Notes  by 
Dr.  Chas.  Coote,  1807,  8vo.  Late  eds.,  1822,  8vo.  With 
Notes  by  W.  Hughes,  1834, 8vo ;  by  Stephens,  1838,  2  vols. 
8vo;  by  T.  G.  Western,  1838,  8vo;  by  J.  Macgregor,  1853, 
p.  8vo. 

De  Lolme  has  been  blamed  for  too  excessive  and  general 
admiration  of  the  Constitution  of  England ;  but  this  is  a 
point,  we  think,  in  which  exaggeration  is  not  easy.  The 
merits  of  this  work  are  unquestionable.  Lords  Chatham 
and  Camden  commend  it  highly. 


DEL 


DEN 


"A  performance  deep,  solid,  and  ingenious." — JCNTUS. 
"The  author  has  presented  a  view  of  English  Equity  Jurispru 
dence,  far  more  exact  and  comprehensive  than  many  of  the  Eng 
lish  text-writers  on  the  same  subject." — CHIEF  JUSTICE  STORY. 

"•  It  is  unquestionably  a  luminous,  candid,  concise,  yet  satisfac 
tory,  exposition  of  the  British  constitution,  and  is  written  in  a  pure 
and  nervous  style." — Hoffman's  Legal  Study,  148. 

Hist,  of  the  Flagellants;  or,  Memorials  of  Human  Su 
perstition,  1783,  4to. 

"  Scarcely  reconcilable  to  decorum  in  style  or  matter." 
Observations  upon  the  late  National  Embarrassment,  &c., 
1789,  8vo.  The  writer  coincides  with  Mr.  Pitt.  Essay 
containing  Strictures  on  the  Union  of  Scotland  with  Eng 
land,  &c.,  1787,  4to.  This  was  pub.  as  an  introduc.  to  De 
Foe's  Hist,  of  the  Union.  He  pub.  some  other  treatises. 
See  an  interesting,  yet  distressing,  account  in  De  Lolme's 
Narrative,  prefixed  to  his  essay,  of  the  difficulties  he  ex 
perienced  in  bringing  his  great  work  before  the  public  : 

"  When  my  enlarged  English  edition  was  ready  for  the  press,  had 
I  acquainted  ministers  that  I  was  prepared  to  boil  my  tea-kettle 
with  it,  for  want  of  being  able  to  afford  the  expenses  of  printing 
if—ministers,  it  seems,  would  not  have  considered  that  he  was 
lighting  his  fire  "with  myrrh  and  cassia  and  precious  ointment." 
See  Disraeli's  Calamities  of  Authors. 

"  De  Lolme  had  the  art  of  pleasing  in  conversation,  though  the 
graces  did  not  appear  in  his  manner  or  deportment.  He  had  a  turn 
for  pleasantry  and  humour;  and  has  been  compared  to  Burke  for 
the  variety  of  his  allusions  and  the  felicity  of  his  illustrations." 
See  Dr.  Chas.  Coote's  Preface  to  the  work  on  the  Constitution,  ed. 
1807,  8vo. 

Deloney,  Thomas.  Declaration  made  by  the  Archbp. 
of  Collen  upon  the  Deed  of  his  Marriage,  Lon.,  1583, 12mo. 
See  Lowndes's  Bibl.  Man.  for  other  pieces. 
Delta.     See  MOIR,  DAVID  MACBETH. 
Delvin,  George.     Serm.,  Lon.,  1795,  8vo. 
Deman,  E.  F.     Flax,  its  Cultivation  and  Manage 
ment,  1851. 

"  This  essay  is  not  inferior  to  the  many  treatises  on  Flax." — 
Donaldson's  Agricult.  Biog. 

Demarville.    Y.  Ladies'  Geography,  1758,  2  vols. 
Demetrius,  Charles.    Newes  from  Gulick  and  Cleve, 
Lon.,  1615,  4to. 

Democritus  Secundus,  a  fictitious  name.  The 
Fellow  Traveller,  through  City  and  Countrey;  Book  of 
Stories,  Lon.,  1658,  12mo. 

Demoivre,  Abraham,  1667-1757,  a  native  of  Cham 
pagne,  spent  most  of  his  life  in  England,  where  he  died 
in  the  above  year.  Miscellanea  Analytica,  <fec.,  Lon.,  1730, 
4to.  Doctrine  of  Chances,  or  a  Method  of  calculating  the 
Probabilities  of  Events  in  Play,  1718,  4to;  best  ed.,  1756, 
4to.  Annuities  on  Lives,  1724,  '50,  '52,  8vo.  He  contri 
buted  a  number  of  papers  to  Phil.  Trans. 

De  Morgan,  Augustus,  b.  1806,  in  the  island  of 
Modma,  coast  of  Java ;  Prof,  of  Mathemat.  in  University 
College,  London.  His  father  was  an  officer  in  the  British 
Army.  Has  pub.  a  number  of  valuable  works  on  Algebra, 
Arithmetic,  Trigonometry,  Logic,  &c.  In  1847  he  gave 
to  the  world  a  volume  exhibiting  much  research,  entitled 
Arithmetical  Books  from  the  Invention  of  Printing  to  the 
Present  Time.  Every  teacher  and  student  of  Mathematics 
— and  of  course  every  bibliographer — should  possess  this 
volume.  See  Knight's  Eng.  Cyc. 

Dempsey,  G.  Drysdale.  1.  Papers  on  Railways, 
Lon.,  1845,  4to.  2.  Practical  Railway  Engineering ;  4th 
ed.,  1855,  4to.  3.  Brick  Bridges,  Sewers,  and  Culverts, 
1850,  4to.  4.  Examples  of  Iron  Roofs,  1850,  4to.  5.  Iron 
applied  to  Railway  Structure,  1850,  4to.  6.  Malleable 
Iron  Bridges,  1850,  4to.  7.  The  Builder's  Guide  in  Mate 
rials  and  Construction;  2d  ed.,  1857,  4to.  8.  Machinery 
of  the  Nineteenth  Century,  1852,  Ac.,  4to.  9.  Railway 
Stations,  Engine-Houses,  <fcc.,  with  folio  plates,  1856.  10. 
Ten  Bridges,  with  details,  1856,  4to.  11.  Working-Draw 
ings  of  Stations,  Ac.,  1856,  4to.  Other  works. 

Dempster,  George,  1736-1818,  a  native  of  and  M.P. 
for  Dundee,  Scotland.  Discourse  containing  a  Summary 
of  the  Directors  of  the  Society  for  Extending  the  Fisheries 
of  Great  Britain,  1789.  Magnetic  Mountains  of  Cannay, 
8vo.  Letters  in  Agricult.  Mag.  Papers  and  Speeches. 

Dempster,  Thomas,  1579-1625,  a  native  of  Scot 
land,  studied  at  Pembroke  Hall,  Cambridge,  and  at  Paris, 
and  became  distinguished  for  his  erudition.  He  was  pro 
fessor  successively  at  Paris,  Pisa,  and  Bologna,  and  died 
in  the  last-named  city.  He  pub.  several  works,  a  list  of 
•which  will  be  found  in  Watt's  Bibl.  Brit.  His  best-known 
production  is  Historia  Ecclesiastica  Gentis  Scotorum,  Bo- 
uon.,  1627,  4to.  Reprinted  for  the  Bannatyne  Club,  1829, 
2  vols.  4to.  This  work  is  not  at  all  to  be  relied  on. 

"Tho.  Dempster,  though  he  was  no  Jesuit,  stands  fair  for  the 
remaining  part  of  his  character  that  he  '  was  as  well  inclined  to 
believe  a  lye  as  any  man  in  his  time;'  and  was  as  well  qualified  to 
put  it  into  a  pretty  dress  of  poetry." — Bishop  Nicohon's  Scot.  Hist. 
Lib.,  58 ;  and  the  Bishop  of  St.AsapWs  Hist.  Account,  p.  153. 


"  He  shamefully  published  I  know  not  how  many  fables." — BATLB. 

"He  would  have  wished  that  all  learned  men  had  been  Scots. 
He  forged  titles  of  books  which  were  never  published,  to  raise  the 
glory  of  his  native  country,  and  has  been  guilty  of  several  cheat 
ing  tricks,  by  which  he  has  lost  his  credit  among  men  of  learning.'' 
— M.  BAILLET. 

See  Mackenzie's  Lives;  McCrie's  Melville;  Chambers'a 
Scot.  Biog. 

Dendy,  Edw.     Petition  to  Parl.,  Lon.,  1654,  fol. 

Dendy,  Walter  Cooper.  Book  of  the  Nursery, 
Lon.,  12mo.  Diseases  of  the  Skin  in  Children,  8vo.  Dis 
eases  of  the  Scalp,  1849,  r.  4to.  Phenomena  of  Dreams 
and  Illusions,  12mo.  Philosophy  of  Mystery,  1841,  8vo. 

"  It  reminds  in  every  page  of  the  erudite  Burton,  whose  Anatomy 
of  Melancholy  drives  away  the  vapours  from  the  most  confirmed 
hypochondriac." — Dr.  JoJinsorfs  Journal. 

Varieties  of  Pock  delineated  and  described,  1853,  p.  8vo.. 
Discourse  on  the  Birth  and  Pilgrimage  of  Thought,  1853, 
square.  The  Beautiful  Islets  of  Britaine,  1857,  p.  8vo. 

Dene,  Willemus  de.  Historia  Roffensis,  1314-50, 
successione  Episcoporum  et  priorum,  <fec.  Vide  Wharton 
Anglia  Sacra,  i.  327. 

Denham.     Miners'  Charters,  Lon.,  1657,  4to. 

Denham,  Captain.     See  GULLY,  ROBERT. 

Denham,  Dixon,  Col.,  R.N.,  and  Governor  of  Sierra 
Leone,  an  enterprising  traveller,  1786-1828.  Narrative 
of  Travels  and  Discoveries  in  Northern  and  Central  Africa, 
1822-24,  by  Denham,  Clapperton,  and  Oudney,  Lon.,  1826, 
4to ;  2d  ed.,  1828,  2  vols.  Svo.  He  who  desires  to  become 
acquainted  with  Africa  and  the  Africans  must  not  neglect 
this  invaluable  work.  See  CLAPPERTON,  HUGH;  LANDER, 
RICHARD. 

Denham,  Rev.  J.  F.  Marriage  with  a  deceased  Wife's 
Sister  defended,  Lon.,  1847,  8vo.  Spelling  and  Reading 
Book;  3d  ed.,  Parts  1  to  3,  1848,  12mo.  Other  works. 

Denham,  Sir  James  Steuart.     See  STEUART. 

Denham,  Sir  John,  1615-1668,  a  native  of  Dublin, 
was  the  only  son  of  Sir  John  Denham,  Baron  of  the  Ex 
chequer.  In  1631  he  was  entered  of  Trin.  Coll.,  Oxford. 

"  But  being  looked  upon  as  a  slow  and  dreaming  young  man  by 
his  seniors  and  contemporaries,  and  giving  more  to  cards  and  dice 
than  his  study,  they  could  never  then  in  the  least  imagine  that  he 
could  ever  enrich  the  world  with  his  fancy,  or  issue  of  his  brain, 
as  he  afterwards  did." — WOOD. 

This  habit  of  gaming  clung  to  him  in  after  life,  to  his 
great  loss  and  disgrace.  He  was  made  Governor  of  Farn- 
harn  Castle  by  Charles  I. ;  his  fortunes  were  depressed  dur 
ing  the  Commonwealth,  revived  in  the  Restoration.  In 
1641  he  pub.  his  Tragedy  of  the  Sophy,  which  elicited  the 
enthusiastic  commendation  of  Waller,  who  remarks  of  the 
author,  that 

"  He  broke  out  like  the  Irish  Rebellion,  threescore  thousand 
strong,  when  nobody  was  aware,  or  iu  the  least  suspected  it." 

In  1643  appeared  his  poem  of  Cooper's  Hill,  which  esta 
blished  his  reputation  as  an  author.  He  wrote  a  number 
of  other  pieces — The  Destruction  of  Troy,  Cato  Major, 
Ac. — translated  portions  of  Virgil,  and  imitated  Tully. 
The  6th  ed.  of  his  collected  works,  entitled  Poems  and 
Translations,  with  the  Sophy,  a  Tragedy,  was  pub.  in  1719, 
12mo.  The  reputation  of  Denham  is  not  so  high  as  it  was 
formerly,  but  few  poets  have  been  more  warmly  commended 
by  several  rigid  critics.  The  approbation  of  Waller,  Prior, 
Dryden,  Warton,  and  Johnson,  is  no  slight  guarantee  of 
merit.  .  s 

" '  Cooper's  Hill,'  says  Dryden, '  for  majesty  of  style,  is,  and  ever 
will  be,  the  standard  of  good  writings;'  and  Pope  eulogizes  it 
highly  in  his  Windsor  Forest. 

"  Denham  is  deservedly  considered  as  one  of  the  fathers  of  Eng. 
lish  poetry.  Denham  and  Waller,  according  to  Prior,  improved 
our  versification,  and  Dryden  perfected  it." — Dr.  Johnson's  Lives 
of  the  English  Poets. 

Denham,  John  E.     Serms.,  Lon.,  1821,  Svo. 

Denham,  Joseph.     Serm.,  1741,  Svo. 

Denham,  N.  Trans,  of  the  Way  of  Lyfe,  Ac.,  1578, 4to. 

Denham,  Wm.     Serms.,  1742,  '43,  '45. 

Denholm,  James.  History  of  Glasg.,  1797,  12mo. 
Many  eds.  Tour  to  the  Lakes,  1804,  sm.  Svo. 

Denio,  Hiram,  born  1799,  at  Rome,  N.  Y.,  a  resident 
of  Utica,  N.  Y.,  Judge  of  the  Court  of  Appeals.  Reports 
of  Cases  argued  and  determined  in  the  Supreme  Court,  and 
in  the  Court  for  the  Correction  of  Error  of  the  State  of  New 
York,  1845-48,  5  vols.  Revised  Statutes  of  the  State  of 
N.  Y.,  4th  ed.,  1852,  2  vols.,  prepared  by  Hiram  Denio  and 
William  Tracy. 

Denison, Charles  Wheeler,  b.  in  Conn.,  1809.  Ame 
rican  Village  and  other  poems.  Contrib.  to  the  Knicker 
bocker  and  various  other  magazines  and  journals. 

Denison,  Daniel,  1613-1682.  Irenicon,  or  a  Salve 
for  New  England's  Sore.  This  is  annexed  to  Hubbard's 
Funl.  Serm. 

Denison,  Edward,  D.D.,  Bishop  of  Salisbury,  1837. 


DEN 

Serms.,  Charges,  &c.,  1836-44.  Serms.  before  the  Univ. 
of  Oxf.,  1836,  8vo. 

"  A  volume  of  sermons  worthy  of  the  perusal  of  all  sound  church 
men." — Church  of  En g.  Quar.  Rev. 

Denison,  Ed\vard  B.  Marriage  with  a  Wife's  Sis 
ter,  Lon.,  1851,  8vo.  Bp.  of  Exeter's  Speech  on  the  Mar 
riage  Bill,  3d  ed.,  1851,  p.  Svo. 

Denison,  George  Anthony.  Serm.,  Lon.,  1850, 8vo. 

Denison,  John,  d.  at  Reading,  1628-29.  Serms.  and 
treatises,  1616-24. 

Denison,  Mary  Andrews,  b.  in  Cambridge,  Mass., 
1826.  Author  of  Home  Pictures,  N.  York,  12mo.  What 
Not?  Phila.,  12mo.  Carrie  Hamilton,  Phila.,  12mo.  Gracie 
Amber,  N.  York,  12mo.  Old  Hepsy  :  a  Tale  of  the  South, 
N.  York,  1858,  12ino.  Has  contributed  extensively  to 
many  of  the  leading  journals  of  the  Union. 

Denison,  Stephen.  Serms.,  Lon.,  1620-27.  The 
White  Wolfe,  1627,  4to.  At  p.  88  will  be  found  a  catalogue 
of  88  Sects  ajid  Heresies  which  sprang  up  in  the  primitive 
Church.  John  Hetherington  was  principally  aimed  at  in 
this  discourse.  He  was  obliged  to  recant  his  "  fanatical 
doctrines"  before  the  king. 

"  The  book  comprehends  a  strange  mixture  of  learning  and  ex 
travagant  reasoning,  and  is  altogether  a  singular  curiosity."— 
Seloe's  Anecdotes  of  Scarce  Books. 

Denman,  Jacob  S.,  b.  1814,  in  New  Jersey.  Stories 
for  Children,  16mo.  Compiler  of  a  series  of  Reading  Books, 
in  8  parts. 

Denman,  Joseph,  M.D.    Buxton  Water,  1793,  8vo. 

Denman,  Thomas,  M.D.,  a  native  of  Derbyshire, 
practised  in  the  Royal  Navy,  and  subsequently  in  London. 
He  pub.  several  works  upon  obstetrics,  <fcc.,  the  best-known 
of  which  is  Introduc.  to  Theory  and  Prac.  of  Midwifery, 
6th  ed.,  1824,  8vo. 

Denmark,  Alex.,  M.D.     Med.  Chir.  Trans.,  1813. 

Denne,  Henry.     Serms.,  <fcc.,  Lon.,  1642-60. 

Denne,  John.     Answer  to  Bunyan,  1'673,  Svo. 

Denne,  John,  D.D.,  1693-1767,  Archdeacon  of  Ro 
chester,  and  Rector  of  Lambeth.  Serms.,  <fcc.,  1720-77. 
Articles  of  Inquiry  for  a  Par.  Visitation,  1732,  4to.  Dr. 
D.  was  a  learned  antiquary,  and  contributed  to  Lewis's 
Life  of  Wicliff. 

Denne,  John.     Serm.,  1753,  4to. 

Denne,  Samuel,  1730-1799,  Vicar  of  Darent,  and 
eon  of  the  Archdeacon  of  Rochester.  Hist,  and  Antiq.  of 
Rochester,  1772.  Palace  of  Mayfield,  1787,  4to.  Hist. 
Partic.  of  Lambeth  Parish  and  Palace,  1795,  4to.  This 
forms  part  of  vol.  i.  of  the  Supp.  to  Nichols's  Bib.  Top. 
Brit.,  and  is  perhaps  the  scarcest  of  the  whole  series.  Dr. 
D.  pub.  many  antiquarian  papers  in  Archaeol.,  1787-1800. 

Denneston,  E.     Revenue  of  Excise,  1707,  4to. 

Deniiie,  Joseph,  1768-1812,  a  native  of  Boston, 
graduated  at  Harvard  University  in  1790.  Adopting  the 
profession  of  the  law,  he  opened  an  office  at  Walpole,  New 
Hampshire,  but  found  little  encouragement,  and  determined 
to  devote  himself  to  literary  pursuits.  In  1795  he  pub.  in 
Boston,  The  Tatler,  a  weekly  paper,  and  issued  at  Walpole, 
The  Farmer's  Museum.  In  this  periodical  appeared  the 
essays  by  which  he  is  best  known,  entitled  The  Lay  Preacher. 
In  1799  Mr.  Pickering,  Secretary  of  State,  proffered  him 
a  clerkship,  and  he  removed  to  Philadelphia,  where  in  1801 
he  established  The  Port  Folio,  which  he  conducted  until 
his  death  in  1812.  He  enjoyed  great  reputation  as  a  writer 
during  his  life,  and  for  some  years  after  his  decease.  Pa 
triarchs  of  the  "lean  and  slippered  pantaloon" — who  per 
haps  composed  a  part  of  the  "  mob  of  gentlemen  who  wrote 
with  ease"  about  the  beginning  of  this  century — still  ex 
tol  the  melodious  cadence  and  liquid  flow  of  the  essays  of 
the  American  Addison.  We  ourselves  are  so  old-fashioned 
as  to  consider  Dennie  a  charming  writer. 

"  The  Lay  Preacher  of  Dennie,  and  his  articles  in  the  Portfolio, 
seem  to  me  feeble  and  affected,  though  occasionally  marked  by 
considerable  excellence.  It  was  natural  to  overrate  him,  as  in  his 
time  we  had  very  few  Writers  with  whom  he  could  be  compared. 
For  several  years  after  the  death  of  Brockden  Brown,  I  believe  he 
was  the  only  man  in  the  country  who  made  literature  a  profession. 
...  He  was  a  great  favourite  in  society,  and  his  brilliant  social 
qualities  gave  him  a  factitious  reputation  as  a  man  of  letters. 
There  is  nothing  in  his  writings  deserving  of  reputation."— Gris- 
wold's  Prose  Writers  of  America. 

Dennie,  Lt.  Col.  Wm.  H.,  R.A.,  d.  1842,  a  dis 
tinguished  officer,  mortally  wounded  at  the  siege  of  Jella- 
labad.  Personal  Narrative  of  the  Campaigns  in  Affghan- 
istan,  Lon.,  1843,  12mo. 

Dennis,  C.  and  R.  Lloyd.  A  trans,  of  the  Contes 
Moraux  of  Marmontel,  under  the  title  of  Moral  Tales,  Lon., 
1781,  3  vols.  8vo;  Perth,  1792,  4  vols.  12mo. 

Dennis,  George.  The  Cid ;  a  short  Chronicle, 
founded  on  the  early  poetry  of  Spain,  Lon.,  1845,  18mo. 
The  Cities  and  Cemeteries  of  Etruria,  1848,  2  vols.  Svo. 


DEN 

"  Get  ouvrage  ne  s'adresse  pas  seulement  aux  amateurs  d'antt 
quites.  A  c6t6  des  recherches  savants  dirigees  par  un  esprit  d'ob- 
servation  trds  eminent,  il  offre  cet  interSt  poetique  presque  tou- 
jours  inseparable  du  r6cit  d'un  voyageur  enthousiaste,  qui  sait 
en  quelque  sorte  nous  transporter  au  milieu  de  la  contree  qu'il 
decrit,  et  nous  faire  partager  toutes  ses  impressions.  C'est  a  la 
fois  un  travail  historique  de  grande  valeur,  et  un  guide  precieux 
pour  les  personnes  qui  veulent  visiter  1'Italie  avec  fruit." — Biblio- 
theque.  Univ.  de  Geneve. 

'•  These  volumes  are  a  valuable  storehouse  of  classical  and  anti 
quarian  lore  to  every  scholar;  and  the  most  general  reader  must 
be  attracted  by  their  pleasant,  though  somewhat  discursive,  style." 
— Edin.  Rev. 

See  GRAY,  MRS.  HAMILTON. 

Dennis,  Jonas.     Sermons,  Exeter,  1800.  Svo. 

Dennis,  John,  1657-1734,  a  native  of  London,  was 
educated  at  Caius  College,  and  Trinity  Hall,  Cambridge. 
He  obtained  considerable  notoriety  as  a  dramatic  and  po 
litical  writer  and  critic.  Plays,  Lon.,  1697-1720.  They 
consist  of— A  Plot  and  No  Plot;  Rinaldo  and  Armida; 
Iphigenia;  Liberty  Asserted;  Orpheus  and  Euridice,  a 
Masque;  Appius  and  Virginia;  The  Comical  Gallant,  (an 
alteration  of  Shakspeare's  Merry  Wives  of  Windsor;)  The 
Invader  of  his  Country,  (an  alteration  of  Coriolanus.)  Let 
ters,  1718,  2  vols.  Svo.  Select  Works,  consisting  of  Plays, 
Poems,  <fcc.,  1718,  2  vols.  Svo.  Dennis  was  no  gentle  cri 
tic;  he  handled  Addison's  Cato  without  mercy,  and  his 
reflections  upon  Pope's  Essay  on  Criticism  secured  him  a 
place  in  the  Dunciad.  Dr.  Johnson  regretted  that  Den 
nis's  works  had  not  been  collected.  See  his  criticism  on 
Cato,  in  Johnson's  Lives  of  the  British  Poets,  a  life  of 
Dennis  in  the  Biog.  Brit.,  and  a  sketch  of  his  character  in 
Disraeli's  Calamities  of  Authors. 

"  Dennis  attained  to  the  ambiguous  honour  of  being  distin 
guished  as  '  The  Critic,'  and  he  may  yet  instruct  us  how  the  moral 
influences  the  literary  character,  and  how  a  certain  talent  that 
can  never  mature  itself  into  genius,  like  the  pale  fruit  that  hangs 
in  the  shade,  ripens  only  into  sourness."  —  DISRAELI,  ubi  supra. 

Dennis,  Samuel.     Sermons,  1736,  4to. 

Dennis,  T.  or  J.     Way  of  Curing  Diseases,  1668. 

Dennis,  Rev.  Thos.     Psalms  in  Blank  Verse,  1807. 

Dennison,  J.     Legends  of  Galloway,  1825. 

Dennison,  Wm.     Religious  Doctrine,  1805. 

Dennistone,  Walter.     Psalmi  civ.,  Edin.,1696. 

Dennistoun,  George.     Med.  Con.  Ess.  Phys.,  1754. 

Denny,  E.     Theolog.  treatises,  Lon.,  1849. 

Denny,  Sir  E.     Hymns  and  Poems,  Lon.,  12mo. 

Denny,  Henry.  Monographia  Pselaphidorum  et 
Seydmsenidarum  Britannise,  Norwich,  1825,  Svo.  Mono 
graphia  Anoplurorum  Britannise,  Lon.,  1842,  8vo. 

"  Do  not  depreciate  any  pursuit  which  leads  men  to  contemplate 
the  works  of  their  Creator."— SOUTHEY. 

Denny,  John.     Diseases  of  Horses,  Lon.,  1802,  Svo. 

Denny,  Sir  Wm.  Pelecanicidium,  or  the  Christian 
Adviser  against  Self-Murder,  Lon.,  1653,  Svo.  In  verse 
and  prose,  with  plates  by  Barlow.  Bindley  sale,  pt.  1, 
1769,  £13. 

Densell.    See  HOLLES,  LORD. 

Denston,  B.  L.     The  Atmosphere,  Lon.,  1806.    ' 

Dent,  Arthur,  minister  of  South  Souberry,  a  Puritan. 
A  Plaine  Man's  Pathway  to  Heaven,  Lon.,  1622. 

"A  practical  treatise."— BickerstetKs  Cliristian  Student. 

Other  theolog.  treatises  and  sermons,  1582-1617. 

Dent,  Edward.     Sermon,  Lon.,  1692,  4to. 

Dent,  Giles.     Sermons,  Lon.,  1707-13. 

Dent,  John.  The  Lawyer's  Panic,  or,  Westminster 
Hall  in  an  Uproar,  1785,  Svo.  Force  of  Love;  a  Novel, 
1786,  2  vols.  12mo.  The  Candidate;  a  Farce,  1782,  Svo. 
Too  Civil  by  Half;  a  Farce,  1783,  Svo.  The  Telegraph, 
1795,  Svo. 

Dent,  John.  A  Catalogue  of  the  Library  of,  Lon., 
1825.  20  copies  privately  printed.  Dent  sale,  2  at  £10  10«.  j 
4  at  £12;  1  at  £12  2s.  6rf. 

Denton,  Daniel.  A  Brief  Description  of  New  York, 
with  the  Customs  of  the  Indians,  Lon.,  1670,  4to.  Very 
rare.  Reprinted,  (100  copies  4to,)  New  York,  1845,  with 
Notes  by  Hon.  Gabriel  Furman. 

This  is  supposed  to  be  the  first  printed  description  in 
English  of  New  York  and  New  Jersey,  then  under  one 
government.  We  know  of  but  three  copies  of  the  original 
in  the  United  States :  one  in  the  N.  York  State  Library 
at  Albany,  one  in  the  Library  of  Harvard  University,  and 
the  one  from  which  Mr.  Furman  printed  his  edition.  A 
copy  was  sold  at  the  Nassau  sale  for  18s. ;  in  New  York, 
recently,  for  $31 ! 

Denton,  J.  Bailey.  Model  Mapping  for  Drainage 
and  Irrigation,  Lon.,  2d  ed.,  1842,  Svo. 

"We  hope  it  will  be  generally  taken  up,  and  become  a  Parlia 
mentary  subject." — Lon.  Surveyor's  Journal. 

Other  works  on  Draining,  1849,  '52. 


DEN 

Denton,  John,  1625-1708,  Prebendary  of  York,  pub. 
some  sermons  and  theolog.  treatises. 

Denton,  Thomas,  1724-1777,  Rector  of  Ashted, 
Surrey.  Religious  Retirement;  from  Gother.  Immortality, 
1755,  4to.  The  House  of  Superstition,  1762,  4to.  The  two 
preceding  are  poems,  and  are  thought  to  be  good  imitations 
of  Spenser.  Serm.,  1775,  8vo.  He  compiled  the  supple 
mental  vol.  to  the  1st  ed.  of  the  Biographical  Dictionary. 

Denton,  Wm.,  M.D.,  1605-1691,  physician  to  Charles 
I.  and  Charles  II.  Horse  Subsecivae :  rel.  to  Laws  against 
Papists,  Lon.,  1664,  4to;  another  treatise,  1675,  4to.  Jus 
Csesaris  et  Ecclesise  vere  dictae,  (Anglice,)  1681,  fol. 

Denzil.     See  HOLLES,  LORD. 

Depalaine.  Repository  of  the  Lives  and  Portraits 
of  Distinguished  American  Characters,  Phila.,  vols.  i.  and 
ii.,  Pt.  1 ;  18  portraits. 

Depping,J.B.  Evening  Entertainments;  or,  Delinea 
tions  of  Manners  and  Customs,  Lon.,  1811,  2  vols.  12mo. 
Commended  by  Lon.  Month.  Rev.  and  Lon.  Eclec.  Rev. 

De  Puy,  Henry  W.  1.  Kossuth  and  His  Generals, 
Buffalo,  12mo.  2.  Louis  Napoleon  and  his  Times,  1853, 
12mo.  3.  Ethan  Allen  and  the  Green  Mountain  Heroes 
of  '76,  1853,  12mo. 

De  Quincey,  Thomas,  b.  1786,  the  son  of  an  Eng 
lish  merchant,  is  a  native  of  Manchester,  and  was  educated 
at  Eton  and  Oxford.  For  the  history  of  his  early  years  we 
must  refer  the  reader  to  the  glowing  pages  of  the  Confessions 
of  an  English  Opium-Eater.  This  famous  autobiography 
was  originally  pub.  in  the  Old  London  Magazine  in  1821, 
and  appeared  in  a  vol.  in  1822.  The  reader  will  also  find 
much  of  interest  in  the  Autobiographic  Sketches,  pub.  by 
Mr.  De  Quincey,  1853,  &c.,  and  in  a  Memoir  of  his  Life, 
Bosk,  1855,  by  Dr.  R.  Shelton  Mackenzie.  The  author  has 
made  some  excellent  translations  from  Jean  Paul  Richter 
and  Lessing,  which  appeared  in  the  London  Magazine  and 
Blackwood,  and  contributed  many  articles,  on  biography, 
metaphysics,  and  philosophy,  to  the  periodicals  of  the  day. 
Among  his  best-known  articles  are  the  lives  of  Shakspeare 
and  Pope  in  the  Encyclopaedia  Britannica  ;  a  paper  on  the 
Knocking  at  the  Gate,  in  Macbeth ;  the  Vision  of  Sudden 
Death ;  and  Murder  Considered  as  One  of  the  Fine  Arts. 
But  we  shall  confer  no  small  favour  on  the  reader  by  a 
catalogue  of  the  contents  of  an  edition  (the  only  complete 
one  pub.  in  Great  Britain  or  America)  of  the  writings  of 
this  popular  author,  collected  and  edited  by  Mr.  J.  T. 
Fields  and  issued  by  the  enterprising  house  of  Ticknor 
&  Fields,  Boston,  United  States :  Vol.  I.  Confessions  of  an 
English  Opium-Eater :  1.  The  Confessions ;  2.  Suspiria  de 
Profundis.  II.  Biographical  Essays:  1.  Shakspeare;  2. 
Pope ;  3.  Lamb ;  4.  Goethe ;  5.  Schiller.  III.  Miscellaneous 
Essays :  1.  On  the  Knocking  at  the  Gate,  in  Macbeth ;  2. 
Murder  Considered  as  One  of  the  Fine  Arts ;  3.  Second 
Paper  on  Murder ;  4.  Joan  of  Arc ;  5.  The  English  Mail- 
Coach  ;  6.  The  Vision  of  Sudden  Death;  7.  Dinner,  Real 
and  Reputed ;  8.  Orthographic  Mutineers ;  9.  Sortilege  on 
Behalf  of  the  Glasgow  Athenaeum.  IV.  The  Caesars.  V. 
Life  and  Manners :  1.  Early  Days ;  2.  London ;  3.  Ire 
land  ;  4.  The  Irish  Rebellion ;  5.  Premature  Manhood ;  6. 
Travelling ;  7.  My  Brother ;  8.  Oxford ;  9.  German  Litera 
ture.  VI.  and  VII.  Literary  Reminiscences :  1.  Literary 
Novitiate;  2.  Sir  Humphry  Davy ;  3.  William  Godwin;  4. 
Mrs.  Grant ;  5.  Recollections  of  Charles  Lamb ;  6.  Wallad- 
mor;  7.  Coleridge;  8.  Wordsworth;  9.  Southey ;  10.  Re 
collections  of  Grasmere ;  11.  The  Saracen's  Head ;  12. 
Society  of  the  Lakes;  13.  Charles  Lloyd;  14.  Walking 
Stewart;  15.  Edward  Irving;  16.  Talfourd;  17.  The  Lon 
don  Magazine;  18.  Junius;  19.  Clare;  20.  Cunningham; 
21.  Attack  by  a  London  Journal;  22.  Duelling.  VIII. 
and  IX.  Narrative  and  Miscellaneous  Papers:  1.  The 
Household  Wreck ;  2.  The  Spanish  Nun ;  3.  Flight  of  a 
Tartar  Tribe ;  4.  System  of  the  Heavens  as  Revealed  by 
the  Telescope ;  5.  Modern  Superstition ;  6.  Coleridge  and 
Opium-Eating;  7.  Temperance  Movement;  8.  On  War; 
9.  The  Last  Days  of  Immanuel  Kant.  X.  Essays  on  the 
Poets  and  other  English  Writers :  1.  The  Poetry  of  Words 
worth  ;  2.  Percy  Bysshe  Shelley ;  3.  John  Keats ;  4.  Oliver 
Goldsmith ;  5.  Alexander  Pope ;  6.  William  Godwin ;  7. 
John  Foster;  8.  William  Hazlitt;  9.  Walter  Savage  Lan- 
dor.  XI.  and  XII.  Historical  and  Critical  Essays:  1. 
Philosophy  of  Roman  History ;  2.  The  Essenes ;  3.  Philo 
sophy  of  Herodotus ;  4.  Plato's  Republic ;  5.  Homer  and 
the  Homeridae ;  6.  Cicero ;  7.  Style ;  8.  Rhetoric.  XIII. 
and  XIV.  Essays  on  Philosophical  Writers  and  other  Men 
of  Letters  :  1.  Sir  William  Hamilton ;  2.  Sir  James  Mack 
intosh  ;  3.  Kant  in  his  Miscellaneous  Essays ;  4.  Herder  • 
5.  John  Paul  Frederick  Richter;  6.  Analects  from  Richter  • 
7.  Lessing;  8.  Bentley ;  9.  Parr.  XV.  Letters  to  a  Young 


DEQ 

Man  whose  Education  has  been  Neglected,  and  other  Papers. 
XVI.  and  XVII.  Theological  Essays,  and  other  Papers. 

XVIII.  The    Note-Book   of    an    English    Opium-Eater. 

XIX.  and  XX.  Memorials,  and  other  Papers. 

A  selection  from  his  writings  is  now  in  course  of  pub 
lication  at  London  and  Edinburgh.  Vols.  vii.  and  viii.  were 
pub.  in  May,  1858;  vol.  viii.,  (Edin.  ed.,)  Essays,  Sceptical 
and  Anti-Sceptical ;  or,  Problems  Neglected  or  Miscon 
ceived,  1858,  cr.  8vo. 

So  far  as  this  edition  has  proceeded,  it  will  be  seen  that 
Mr.  De  Quincey  has  simply  republished  (with  elucidatory 
notes)  from  the  American  edition.  It  is  but  proper  to  quote 
the  following  lines  from  a  late  biographical  sketch  of  the 
author : 

"In  the  Preface  to  this  edition  Mr.  De  Quincey  makes  a  classi 
fication  of  his  writings  which  it  is  useful  to  remember.  The  im 
mense  medley,  which,  in  the  American  edition,  is  arranged  on  the 
loosest  possible  principle,  may  be  distributed,  he  says,  in  the  main, 
into  three  classes  of  papers:  first,  papers  whose  chief  purpose  is 
to  interest  and  amuse,  (autobiographic  sketches,  reminiscences  of 
distinguished  contemporaries,  biographical  memoirs,  whimsical 
narratives,  and  such  like;)  secondly,  essays  of  a  speculative, 
critical,  or  philosophical  character,  addressing  the  understanding 
as  an  insulated  faculty,  (of  these  there  are  many ;)  and,  thirdly, 
papers  belonging  to  the  order  of  what  may  be  called  '  prose-poetry ;' 
that  is,  fantasies  or  imaginations  in  prose,  (of  which  class  Mr. 
De  Quincey  cites  the  '  Suspiria  de  Profundis,'  originally  published 
in  Blackwood,  as  the  most  characteristic  specimen.)  Under  any 
one  of  the  three  aspects  here  indicated,  Mr.  De  Quincey  must  rank 
high  in  the  entire  list  of  British  prose-writers." — Knight's  English 
Cyc.,  Biog.,  vol.  ii.  568. 

"It  is  astonishing  how  much  more  Boston  [J.  T.  Fields]  knows 
of  my  literary  acts  and  purposes  than  I  do  myself.  Were  it  not  in 
deed  through  Boston,  hardly  the  sixth  part  of  my  literary  under- 
takings — hurried  or  deliberate,  sound,  rotting,  or  rotten — would 
ever  have  reached  posterity  :  which,  be  it  known  to  thee,  most  sar 
castic  of  future  censors,  already  most  of  them  have  reached.'' — Pref. 

It  is  worthy  of  note  that  the  occasional  essays  of  a 
number  of  distinguished  British  authors  have  been  first 
collected  in  America.  We  may  instance  Macaulay,  Wilson, 
Carlyle,  De  Quincey,  Talfourd,  <fec.  In  a  review  of  De 
Quincey's  writings  pub.  in  the  London  Eclectic  Review  in 
1851,  it  was  stated  that  it  was  not  probable  that  a  collective 
edition  of  his  works  would  ever  appear;  the  author,  in  con 
sequence  of  ill  health,  being  disinclined  to  accede  to  the 
request  of  several  publishers  that  he  would  prepare  such  a 
collection  for  publication.  But,  not  discouraged  by  this 
unpromising  announcement,  Mr.  Fields  determined  to  col 
lect  his  writings,  and  his  firm  (Ticknor  &  Fields)  offered 
the  author  a  share  of  the  profits  of  the  series.  Mr.  De 
Quincey  could  not  withstand  an  enthusiasm  so  creditable 
to  the  projectors :  he  gave  his  aid  to  the  enterprise,  and  the 
twenty  volumes  enumerated  above  are  the  result.  Publishers 
of  this  stamp  are  an  honour  to  an  honourable  profession. 

As  a  political  economist,  Mr.  De  Quincey  has  gained  as 
much  credit  as  he  has  secured  by  his  philosophical,  bio 
graphical,  and  critical  disquisitions.  The  Dialogues  of 
Three  Templars  on  Political  Economy,  chiefly  in  relation 
to  the  Principles  (respecting  value)  of  Mr.  Ricardo,  which 
appeared  in  the  London  Magazine  for  April  and  May, 
1824,  are  thus  commended  by  an  eminent  authority : 

"They  are  unequalled,  perhaps,  for  brevity,  pungency,  and  force. 
They  not  only  bring  the  Ricardian  theory  of  value  into  strong  re 
lief,  but  triumphantly  repel,  or  rather  annihilate,  the  objections 
urged  against  it  by  Malthus  in  the  pamphlet  now  referred  to  [The 
Measure  of  Value  Stated  and  Illustrated]  and  his  Political  Eco 
nomy,  and  by  Say  and  others.  They  may,  indeed,  be  said  to  have 
exhausted  the  subject."— McCuUoch's  Lit.  of  Polit.  Economy,  p.  33. 

The  same  critic  thus  comments  upon  De  Quincey's  Logic 
of  Political  Economy,  (Lon.  and  Edin.,  1844,  8vo  :) 

"  This  very  clever  work  is  intended  to  unravel  intricacies  and  to 
expose  sundry  errors  in  the  application  of  the  Ricardian  theory  of 
value.  It  would,  however,  have  been  more  popular  and  successful 
had  it  been  less  scholastic.  It  is  right  to  be  logical,  but  not  to  be  per 
petually  obtruding  logical  forms  and  technicalities  on  the  reader's 
attention.  This  sort  of  affectation  is  little  noticed  in  a  brief  essay 
like  the  Templars'  Dialogues ;  but  in  a  goodly-sized  volume  like 
the  present  it  becomes  tiresome  and  repulsive." — Ubi  supra,  20. 

The  general  style  of  the  Confessions  is  thus  well  de 
scribed  by  an  English  critic  : 

"They  have  an  air  of  reality  and  life;  and  they  exhibit  such 
strong  graphic  powers  as  to  throw  an  interest  and  even  a  dignity 
round  a  subject  which  in  less  able  hands  might  have  been  ren 
dered  a  tissue  of  trifles  and  absurdities.  They  are,  indeed,  very 
picturesque  and  vivid  sketches  of  individual  character  and  feel 
ings,  drawn  with  a  boldness  yet  an  exactness  of  pencil  that  is  to 
be  found  only  in  one  or  two  prominent  geniuses  of  our  day.  .  .  . 
They  combine  strong  sense  with  wild  and  somewhat  fantastic  in 
ventions,  accuracy  of  detail  with  poetic  illustration,  and  analytical 
reasoning  and  metaphysical  research  with  uncommon  pathos  and 
refinement  of  ideas.  .  .  .  Much  truth  and  fine  colouring  are  dis 
played  in  the  descriptions  and  details  of  the  work :  its  qualities  are 
all  of  a  rich  and  elevated  kind, — such  as  high  pathos,  profound 
views,  and  deep  reasoning,  with  a  happy  vein  of  ridicule  indulged 
at  the  writer's  own  expense." — Lon.  Month.  Rev.,  c.  288. 

Mr.  Gilfillan,  commenting  upon  the  charge  that  this  cele- 


DEQ 

brated  work  owed  its  strength  to  the  inspiration  of  Opium, 
replies,  that  "  it  is  not  opium  in  De  Quincey,  but  De  Quin 
cey  in  opium"  that  wrote  the  Suspiria  and  the  Confessions. 

It  is  to  be  regretted  that  the  eloquent  author  has  not  bet 
ter  learned  the  Art  of  Sinking — to  the  proper  level  of  the 
everyday  topics  of  literature,  biography,  or  criticism, 
which  he  often  sees  fit  to  discuss.  In  these  essays  we  see 
a  striking  instance  of  Cicero's  declaration,  "Rerum  copia 
verboruin  copiam  gignet."  With  such  an  affluence  of  lan 
guage,  therefore,  Mr.  De  Quincey  can  well  afford  occasional 
simplicity  when  the  subject  demands  it 

Another  prominent  fault  of  this  very  learned  critic,  is 
an  ostentation  of  learning,  and  a  thorough  contempt,  which 
he  is  at  no  pains  to  conceal,  for  those  whose  opinions  do 
not  happen  to  coincide  with  his  own.  And  yet,  no  man 
can  build  a  larger  superstructure  upon  a  slender  founda 
tion — no  man  can  more  sophistically  exalt  a  hypothesis 
into  a  fact,  and  such  assumed  fact  into  an  infallible  canon 
— than  this  orthodox  stickler  for  the  lex  scripta. 

Mr.  De  Quincey's  conversation  is  described  as  fascinating 
beyond  description.  We  give  a  short  extract  from  the  let 
ter  of  a  gentleman  who  visited  him  in  1854,  at  Lasswade, 
near  Edinburgh,  where  he  has  resided  for  some  years : 

"  For  a  half  hour  at  least  he  talked  as  we  have  never  heard  an 
other  talk.  We  have  listened  to  Sir  Wm.  Hamilton  at  his  own  fire 
side,  to  Carlyle  walking  in  the  parks  of  London,  to  Lainartine  in 
the  midst  of  a  favoured  few  at  his  own  house,  to  Cousin  at  the  Sor- 
bonne,  and  to  many  others,  but  never  have  we  heard  such  sweet 
music  of  eloquent  speech  as  then  flowed  from  De  Quincey's  tongue. 
To  attempt  reporting  what  he  said  would  be  like  attempting  to 
entrap  the  rays  of  the  sun.  Strange  light  beamed  from  that  grief- 
worn  face,  and  for  a  little  while  that  weak  body,  so  long  fed  upon 
by  pain,  seemed  to  be  clothed  with  supernatural  youth." 

Dequir,  Fred.  Terra  Australia  incognita,  or  a  New 
Southern  Discoverie,  1617,  4to. 

Derante,  P.     Med.  con.  to  Phil.  Trans.,  1722. 

Derby,  Charles  Stanley,  Earl  of,  Lord  of  Man 
and  the  Isles.  The  Protestant  Religion  is  a  sure  Founda 
tion  of  a  true  Christian  and  a  good  Subject,  a  great  Friend 
to  human  Society,  and  a  grand  Promoter  of  all  Virtues, 
both  Christian  and  moral,  Lon.,  4to,  1669,  anon. ;  1671,  with 
author's  name. 

"  His  father  lost  his  head,  and  he  his  liberty,  for  Charles  the  Se 
cond.  The  grateful  king  rewarded  the  son  with  the  lord-lieuten 
ancies  of  two  counties." — Walp6U?s  R.  &  N.  Authors. 

Derby,  Ferdinando  Stanley,  5th  Earl  of,  was  the 
author  of  a  pastoral  poem,  communicated  to  the  Antiqua 
rian  Repertory  by  Sir  John  Hawkins.  It  will  be  found  in 
Park's  Walpole's  R.  &  N.  Authors. 

"  One  of  our  early  bards,  and  not  an  unpromising  one." — HORACE 
WALPOLE. 

Derby,  James  Stanley,  7th  Earl  of,  nephew  of  the 
preceding,  beheaded  1651,  was  distinguished  for  his  bravery 
in  defence  of  Charles  I.  His  widow,  also,  defended  the 
Isle  of  Man  against  the  republicans.  Hist,  and  Antiq.  of 
the  Isle  of  Man.  Pub.  in  Peck's  Desiderata,  vol.  ii.  1732. 
Declaration,  1649,  4to.  Message  to  Chas.  II.,  1649,  4to. 
Charge,  1651,  4to.  Trial,  1651, 4to.  Speech  on  the  Scaf 
fold,  1651,  4to. 

"  Among  the  sufferers  for  King  Charles  the  First,  none  cast  greater 
lustre  on  the  cause  than  this  heroic  lord."— HORACE  WALPOLE. 

Derby,  John.  Comment,  on  the  four  Evangel,  and 
the  Acts,  with  other  theolog.  pieces,  by  Zachary  Pearce, 
D.D.,  Lon.,  1777,  2  vols.  4to.  Serms.  by  Z.  Pearce,  D.D  , 
1778,  4  vols.  8vo. 

Derby,  Richard.     Serm.,  1718,  8vo. 

Dereney,  Thos.,  R.N.     Naval  Poems,  1813,  4to. 

Derham,  Robt.  Independence  in  Ch.  Gov't  destruc 
tive  to  English  Law,  Lon.,  1646,  4to.  Rights  of  Parlia 
ment,  1647,  8vo. 

Derham,  Saml.  Ilmington  Waters,  with  directions 
for  drinking  the  same,  Oxf.,  1685. 

Derham,  Wm.,  1657-1735/entered  Trinity  Coll.,  Oxf., 
1675;  Canon  of  Windsor,  1716.  Physico-Theology,  Lon., 

1713,  8vo;  many  edits.,  1798,  2  vols.  8vo.    Astro-Theology, 

1714,  8vo;  3d  ed.,  1719.     These  works  have  been  greatly 
commended,  and  trans,  into  several  languages.     Christo- 
Theology,  1730,  8vo.     Miscellanea  Curioso ;  being  travels, 
voyages, &c.  delivered  in  to  the  Royal  Society,  1720,  '26,  '27, 
3  vols.  8vo.     See  Rich's  Amer.  Bibl.  Nova.     This  learned 
philosopher  and  divine  pub.  some  other  works,  and  many 
papers  in  Phil.  Trans.     See  Watt's  Bibl.  Brit. 

"  Few  men  have  had  more  accurate  and  extensive  acquaintance 
with  nature,  in  its  grandest  and  minutest  features,  than  Dr.  Der 
ham.  He  was  equally  at  home  when  travelling  among  the  stars 
and  when  sojourning  among  the  insects  that  flit  in  the  breeze! 
...  In  all  the  operations  of  nature  he  delighted  to  trace  the  hand 
of  nature's  God."—  Orme's  Bibl.  Bib. 

"  What  hath  been  communicated  by  our  ingenious  Derham  will 
nobly  serve  religion  as  well  as  philosophy." — COTTON  MATHER 

Dering,  Edward.    See  DEERING. 


DET 

Dering,  Sir  Edward.    See  DEARIWG. 

Derkar,  Thomas.     See  DECKER. 

Dermody,  Thomas,  1775-1802,  a  native  of  Ennis, 
in  Ireland,  displayed  poetical  powers  at  a  very  early  age. 
In  1792  he  pub.  a  vol.  of  poems  written  in  his  thirteenth  year. 
In  1793  appeared  The  Rights  of  Justice,  a  polit.  pamphlet. 
Poems,  1801,  2  vols.  Peace;  a  Poem,  1801,  4to.  Poems, 
1802,  8vo.  The  Battle  of  the  Bards;  a  Poem.  He  became 
a  soldier,  but  disgraced  himself  by  intemperance  and  died 
in  poverty  at  Sydenham.  In  1806  Mr.  Jas.  G.  Raymond 
pub.  his  Life,  Ac.,  in  2  vols.  cr.  8vo,  and  his  poetical  works, 
under  the  title  of  The  Harp  of  Erin,  in  1807,  2  vols.  8vo. 

Dermott,  L<.     Free  Masonry,  Lon.,  1801,  8vo. 

Derodon,  David.     Funeral  of  the  Mass,  1673. 

Derok,  M.    Method  of  Copying,  1796. 

De  Roos,  F.  F.  Travels  in  the  United  States  and 
Canada  in  1826,  Lon.,  8vo. 

De  Ros,  Lord,  Colonel  R.  Army.  1.  The  Young 
Officer's  Companion,  Lon.,  1851, 12mo;  2d  ed.,  1852, 12mo. 
2.  Journal  of  a  Tour  in  the  Crimea  in  1835-36, 1855,  p.  8vo. 

De  Ros,  W.  F.    Yeomanry  Regulations,  Lon.,  8vo. 

Derrick,  Chas.     The  British  Navy,  1806,  4to. 

Derrick,  Samuel,  1721-1769,  a  native  of  Ireland, 
made  some  trans,  from  the  Latin  and  French;  edited  Dry- 
den's  works,  1762,  4  vols.  8vo;  pub.  The  Battle  of  Lora,  a 
Poem;  a  collection  of  voyages,  1763,  2  vols.  12mo;  and  a 
view  of  the  stage,  under  the  name  of  Wilkes,  1759.  Der 
rick's  Jests  were  pub.  in  1769,  12mo.  He  is  best  known 
by  Letters,  written  from  Liverpool,  Chester,  &c.,  Dubl., 
1767,  2  vols.  12mo. 

"  If  they  had  been  written  by  one  of  a  more  established  name, 
they  would  have  been  thought  very  pretty  letters."— DR.  SAMUEL 
JOHNSON. 

Derricke,  John.  The  Image  of  Irelande,  Lon.,  1581, 
4to.  Roxburghe,  3324,  £9  9s.  White  Knight's,  £13. 

Derring,  Edward.     See  DEERING. 

Desaguliers,  J.  H.    Jeweller's  Accounts,  1734. 

Desaguliers,  John.     Serm.,  1717,  8vo. 

Desaussure,  Judge  H.  W.,  of  S.  Carolina,  1775- 
1839.  Reports  Ct.  Chan,  and  Ct.  of  H.  in  Equity,  in  S. 
Car.  from  the  Rev.  to  1813.  Columbia,  1817-19,  4  vols. 
8vo;  2d  ed.,  revised  and  corrected  by  a  member  of  the 
Philadelphia  Bar,  4  vols.  in  2,  8vo,  Phila. 

Descherny,  David,  M.D.  The  Stone,  Lon.,  1753, 8vo. 
Fevers,  1760,  8vo.  Small-Pox,  1760,  8vo.  Gout,  1760,  8vo. 

Des  Barres.     Cape  Breton,  Lon.,  1804,  8vo. 

"  Privately  printed,  and  suppressed." 

See  Colonel  Aspinwall's  Cat.,  p.  55. 

Des  Barres,  J.  F.  W.  The  Atlantic  Neptune ;  pub. 
for  the  use  of  the  Royal  Navy  of  Great  Britain,  Lon.,  1777, 
2  vols.  atlas  fol. 

"  The  most  splendid  collection  of  charts,  plans,  and  views,  ever 
published.  It  was  executed  at  the  expense  of  the  British  Govern 
ment  for  the  use  of  the  British  navy,  and  no  expense  appears  to 
have  been  spared  in  the  execution  in  order  to  render  it  a  monu 
ment  worthy  of  the  nation."— .tftcA's  Bibl.  Amer.  Nova,  q.  v.  for 
collation. 

Des  Ecotais,  Lewis.    Memoirs,  1677,  8vo. 
Deshler,  C.  D.     Selections  from  the  Poetical  Works 
of  Chaucer,  N.  York,  1847,  12mo. 
De  Sola,  Rev.  D.  A.  L.,  and  Raphall,  M.  J.    The 

Sacred  Scriptures  in  Hebrew  and  Greek,  Lon.,  1844, 1  vol. 
8vo  :  all  that  has  been  pub.  / 

Des  Maizeaux,  Des  Maiseaux,  or  Desmai- 
seaux,  Peter,  1666-1745,  a  native  of  Auvergne,  lived 
many  years  in  England,  where  he  died.  He  wrote  the 
Lives  of  St.  Evremond,  Bayle,  Boileau,  Chillingworth, 
and  John  Hales,  pub.  a  Collection  of  Pieces  by  Newton, 
Leibnitz,  Clarke,  Locke,  <fcc.,  (Amst.,  1720,  2  vols.  12mo,) 
and  engaged  in  several  other  literary  labours.  Bayle's 
Dictionary,  (in  English,)  2d  e<L,  to  which  is  prefixed  a  Life 
of  the  Author  by  Des  Maizeaux,  Lon.,  1734-37,  5  vols.  fol. 
This  ed.  is  worth  about  £5,  in  good  condition.  We  have 
already  dwelt  upon  the  merits  and  demerits  of  Bayle's 
Dictionary  in  our  article  BIRCH,  THOMAS,  q.  v. 

Desmond,  W.     Chemical  Philos.,  Lon.,  1808. 

Desmus,  R.  Merlinus  Anonymus,  an  Ephemeris 
for  the  year  1653;  ditto  for  1655,  Lon.,  1654,  '55,  8vo 

Despaurrius,  M.  Neville  Family,  founded  on  Facts, 
1815,  3  vols. 

Dessian,  J.     On  Navigation,  1802,  '13. 

Desvoeux,  A.  V.  A  Philos.  and  Crit.  Essay  on  Eccle- 
siastes,  Lon.,  1760,  4to.  In  German,  at  Halle,  1764,  4to. 

'<  He  deserves  well  of  all  the  lovers  of  sacred  literature  for  the 
pams  which  he  has  taken  to  elucidate  one  of  the  darkest  parts  of 
Scripture." — Ormes  Bibl.  Bib. 

"  The  author  has  shown  very  considerable  abilities  as  a  critic."— 
Lon.  Mmthly  Xeview. 

Dethick,  Henry.  Carmina  in  Ferias  Sacras,  Lon., 
1577,  4to. 


BET 


DEW 


Dethick,  Sir  Win.,  Garter  Principal  King  of  Arms. 
Antiquities  of  Funeral  Ceremonies;  of  Epitaphs,  Mottoes, 
and  the  Christian  Religion  in  England.  See  Hearne's  Col 
lections,  1771. 

Dethycke.     Gardener's  Labyrintbe,  1586,  4to. 
Deuchar,  A.     British  Crests,  Edin.,  1817,  Svo. 
Deusbery,  Win.     Theolog.  treatises,  1654-56. 
Deuwes,  Giles.     Introduc.  to  Frenche,  Lon.,  4to. 
Devarius,  M.     Graecee  Linguae  Particulis,  1718. 
De  Veil,  Charles  Maria,  D.D.,  a  learned  converted 
Jew  of  Metz,  in  Lorraine,  joined  the  Ch.  of  Rome,  then  the  , 
Ch.  of  England,  and  finally  attached  himself  to  the  Bap-  j 
tists,  among  whom  he  preached  until  his  death.     Explicatio  j 
literalis  Evang.  sec.  Matt,  et  Marcum,  Lon.,  1672,  '78,  Svo;  ; 
do.  Cantici  Canticorum,  1679 ;  do.  Minor  Proph.,  1680,  Svo ;  j 
do.  Ecclesiastic*,  1681;  do.  Auctorum  Apostolorum,  1684.  j 
An  English  trans,  of  this  last  was  pub.  1685,  Svo. 

"All  bis  expository  works  possess  considerable  value." — Orme's  \ 
Bibl.  Sib.,  q.  v.  for  particular  notices. 

Deveil,  Sir  Thos.     Life  and  Times,  1748,  Svo. 
Devenish,  Thos.     The  Duty  of  Love,  and  the  Evil 
of  Uncbaritableness,  1649,  4to. 

De  Vere,  Sir  Aubrey.  Song  of  Faith,  Devout  Ex 
ercises,  and  Sonnets,  Lon.,  1842. 

Dedication. — "  To  WILLIAM  WORDSWORTH,  ESQ.  :  My  dear  sir — To 
know  that  you  have  perused  many  of  the  following  Poems  with 
pleasure,  and  did  not  hesitate  to  reward  them  with  your  praise,  has 
been  to  me  cause  of  unmingled  happiness.  In  accepting  the  Dedi 
cation  of  this  Volume,  you  permit  me  to  link  my  name — which  I 
have  hitherto  done  so  little  to  illustrate — with  yours,  the  noblest 
of  modern  literature.  I  may  at  least  hope  to  be  named  hereafter 
as  one  among  the  friends  of  WORDSWORTH.  As  such,  I  trust  you 
will  ever  regard  your  faithful  AUBREY  DE  VERB. 

"  Curra  Chase.,  May  20, 1842." 

Waldenses,  1842.  The  Search  after  Proserpine,  and  other 
Poems,  1843.  Mary  Tudor;  a  Drama,  with  Poems,  1847. 
English  Misrule  and  Irish  Misdeeds,  1848.  Sketches  of 
Greece  and  Turkey,  1850. 

De  Vere,  Maximilian  Schele,  b.  1820,  near  Wexio, 
in  Sweden;  Member  of  the  Oriental  Society;  a  resident  of 
the  U.S.     1.  Outlines  of  Comparative  Philology,  N".  York, 
12mo.   2.  Grammar  of  the  Spanish  Language,  N.Y.,  12mo. 
3.  Stray 'Leaves  from  the  Book  of  Nature,  N.Y.,  1850, 12mo. 
Contrib.  to  Putnam's  Monthly,  South.  Lit.  Mess.,  Ac. 
Deverel.     Surgical  con.  to  Phil.  Trans.,  1720. 
Deverell,  Mary.     Serms.,  1777,  Svo.    Miscellanies, 
1781,  2  vols.  12mo.    Heroic  Poem,  1786,  Svo.     Queen  of 
Scots;  a  Trag.,  1792,  Svo. 

Deverell,  Robt.  Antiquarian  works,  Lon.,  1802,  '06. 
Discoveries  in  Hieroglyphics  and  other  Antiquities,  1813, 
6  vols.  Svo.  Withdrawn  after  the  sale  of  a  few  copies  only. 
Fever,  4to. 

Devereux.  Views  on  the  Mediterranean,  1847,  imp.  fol. 
Devereux,  Hon.  Capt.,  R.N.  Lives  of  the  Earls 
of  Essex,  1540-1646,  Lon.,  1852,  2  vols.  Svo. 
Devereux,  J.  E.  Factions  in  Ireland,  1808. 
Devereux,  Robert,  second  Earl  of  Essex,  1567-1601, 
the  unfortunate  favourite  of  Queen  Elizabeth,  is  classed  by 
Horace  Walpole  among  the  Royal  and  Noble  Authors  of 
England.  See  a  list  of  his  writings  in  vol.  ii.  76,  Park's 
ed.  Many  of  his  letters  will  be  found  in  Birch's  Memoirs 
of  the  Reign  of  Queen  Elizabeth,  and  in  several  collections 
of  State  Papers.  The  Verses  written  in  his  Trouble  will 
be  found  in  Ellis's  Specimens ;  and  the  Earle  of  Essex,  his 
Buzze,  a  poetical  complaint,  is  in  Park's  Walpole's  R.  and 
N.  Authors.  Mr.  Park  is  disposed  to  think  that  if  Warton 
had  read  the  Buzze,  he  would  have  set  a  higher  estimation 
upon  the  Earl's  claims  as  a  poet : 

"  A  few  of  his  sonnets  are  in  the  Ashmolean  Museum,  which 
have  no  marks  of  poetic  genius;  but  he  is  a  vigorous  and  elegant 
writer  of  prose." —  Warton' s  Hist,  of  Eng.  Poetry. 

Horace  Walpole  considers  his  long  letter  to  the  Queen 
from  Ireland,  on  the  condition  of  that  country,  Ac.,  (see 
the  Bacon  Papers,  vol.  ii.  415,) 

"  Of  all  his  compositions,  the  most  excellent,  and  in  many  re 
spects  equal  to  the  performances  of  the  greatest  geniuses."— R.  and 
N.  Authors,  Park's  ed.,  ii.  105. 

Devereux,  Robert,  third  Earl  of  Essex,  1592-1646, 
only  son  of  the  preceding,  has  also  some  claims  as  an  au 
thor.  A  list  of  his  Letters,  Speeches,  Proclamations,  Ac. 
will  be  found  in  Watt's  Bibl.  Brit.,  and  some  in  Park's  Wal 
pole's  R.  and  N.  Authors. 

"  Essex  had  ever  an  honest  heart,  and  though  nature  had  not 
given  him  eloquence,  he  had  a  strong  reason  which  did  express 
him  better."— ARTHUR  WILSON:  Hist,  of  King  James,  p  162. 

"  He  was  in  his  friendships  just  and  constant,  and  would  not 
have  practised  foully  against  those  he  took  to  be  his  enemies."— 
LORD  CLARENDON  :  Hint,  of  the  Rebellion. 

"  He  was  in  no  way  inclined  to  the  sullen  opinion  of  those  men 
who  disdain  the  muses." — WOOD  :  Athen.  Oxon.  See  Park's  Wai- 
pole's  R.  and  N.  Authors,  iii.  5. 


Devereux,  Thomas  P.  Reports  Supreme  Ct.  N.  Car., 
1826-34,  Raleigh,  4  vols.  Svo,  1829-36 ;  in  Ct.  of  Equity, 
do.,  1826-34,  2  vols.  Svo,  1838-40 ;  T.  P.  D.  and  W.  H.  Bat 
tle.  Reports  in  Superior  Ct.  of  N.  Car.,  1834-40,  4  vols. 
8vo,1837-40 ;  Equity  Reports,1834-40,  2  vols.  Svo,1838-40. 

Devereux,  Walter,  first  Earl  of  Essex,  1540-1576, 
father  of  Elizabeth's  favourite,  was  the  author  of  A  Godly 
and  Virtuous  Song,  otherwise  called  The  Complaynte  of  a 
Sinner,  printed  in  the  Paradise  of  daintie  Devises,  1576. 
See  these  verses,  collated  with  the  MS.  and  printed  copies, 
in  Park's  Walpole's  R.  and  N.  Authors,  ii.  18. 

De  Vericour,  L.  R.  Milton  and  Epic  Poetry.  Mo 
dern  French  Literature.  Educational  Reports.  Other 
works.  Historical  Analysis  of  Christian  Civilization,  Lon., 
1850,  Svo;  1853. 

"  The  object  of  this  work  has  been  to  trace  an  outline  of  the  His 
tory  of  European  Nations,  and  of  Christian  Civilization  since  the 
Christian  Era,  and  to  place  the  Science  of  History  upon  its  lofty 
and  real  basis,  viz. :  the  doctrine  of  Progress." 

"  An  immense  body  of  information  is  comprised  in  this  volume, 
and  this  too  embracing  all  the  great  points  in  the  civil  and  ecclesi 
astical  history  of  every  country  in  Europe." 

Appended  to  this  vol.  is  an  Historical  Library  or  Cata 
logue  of  Historical  Works,  occupying  twenty  pages. 

Devis,  Ellin.     Grammar,  Ac.,  Lon.,  1777,  '84. 

Devis,  James.     Serm.,  1756. 

Devlin,  J.  Dacres.  Helps  to  Hereford  History,  Civil 
and  Legendary,  1848,  12mo. 

"A  little  work  full  of  antiquarian  information,  presented  in  a 
pleasing  and  popular  form." — Nonconformist. 

Devonshire,  Elizabeth  Hervey,  Duchess  of, 

1759-1824,  distinguished  for  beauty,  talents,  and  literary 
taste,  printed  an  edit,  at  Rome  of  the  poem  of  the  passage 
of  St.  Gotbard  by  Georgiana,  the  former  Duchess  of  De 
vonshire,  (v.  pottt.)  She  also  pub.  beautiful  edits,  of  the 
5th  satire  of  Horace,  lib.  i.,  and  the  ^Eneid  of  Virgil. 

Devonshire,  Georgiana,  Duchess  of,  1757-1806, 
also  distinguished  for  her  beauty  and  accomplishments, 
wrote  The  Passage  of  Mount  St.  Gothard,  a  Poem,  pub. 
together  with  an  Italian  trans,  by  Sig.  Polidori,  Lon.,  1802, 
fol.  Another  ed.  in  English  and  French  by  the  Abbe  de 
Lille,  1802,  Svo.  An  edit,  was  also  pub.  at  Rome,  v.  ante. 

Dew,  Samuel.     Serm.,  1735,  Svo. 

Dew,  Thomas,  late  Pres.  of  the  Coll.  of  William  and 
Mary.  A  Digest  of  the  Laws,  Customs,  Manners,  and  Insti 
tutions  of  the  Ancient  and  Modern  Nations,  N.Y.,  1853,  Svo. 

"  I  greatly  prefer  it  to  any  history  for  the  use  of  schools  which 
I  have  seen."— PROF.  J.  J.  OWEN,  N'  York  Free  Academy. 

Dew,  Thomas  R.,  d.  1846,  graduated  at  William 
and  Mary  College,  and  at  the  age  of  23  occupied  the 
chair  of  Moral  Science  in  the  same  institution.  1.  Lec 
tures  on  the  Restrictive  System,  Richmond,  Svo.  2. 
Lectures  on  Ancient  and  Modern  History ;  new  ed.,  N. 
York,  1853,  8vo.  3.  A  volume  on  Slavery,  in  which  he 
advocates  the  views  held  by  John  C.  Calhoun. 

Dewar,  Daniel,  D.D.  Observations  on  the  Irish, 
1812,  Svo.  Discourses  illus.  of  the  Designs  of  Christ'y., 
1818,  Svo. 

"The  style  is  generally  elegant,  chaste,  and  classical." — Lon. 
Congreg.  Mag. 

The  Church,  1845,  Svo.  The  Holy  Spirit,  His  Personality 
and  Divinity,  Lon.,  1847,  Svo. 

"We  earnestly  commend  the  book  to  students  of  divinity."— 
Lon.  Evangel.  Mag. 

The  Nature,  Reality,and  Efficacy  of  the  Atonement,12mo. 

"  A  candid,  elaborate,  and  spirited  defence  of  the  truth  as  it  is  in 
Jesus." — Lon.  Christian  Instructor. 

Other  works. 

Dewar,  Ed.  H.     German  Protestantism,  Oxf.,  1844. 

Dewar,  Henry,  M.D.  Profess,  treatises,  Ac.,  1803-17. 

Dewell,  T.,  M.D.     Philos.  of  Physic,  1784,  Svo. 

Dewees,  William  Potts,  M.D.,  1768-1841,  Prof,  of 
Midwifery  in  the  University  of  Pennsylvania.  Inaugural 
Essays;  2  edits.  Medical  Essays,  Phila.,  1823.  System 
of  Midwifery,  12th  ed.,  1854,  Svo,  pp.  600. 

"  It  is  founded  on  the  French  system  of  Obstetrics,  especially  on 
that  of  Baudelocque.  It  takes  a  stand  in  advance  of  Denham, 
Osborne,  Burns,  and  other  English  authorities  in  general  use  in 
our  country  at  that  period,  and  even  of  Baudelocque  himself,  in 
throwing  aside  from  his  excellent  system  much  that  was  useless, 
and,  it  may  be  said,  imaginative."— Memoir  by  H.  L.  Hodge,  M.D., 
in  Amer.  Med.  Journal. 

A  Treatise  on  the  Physical  and  Medical  Treatment  of 
Children,  1825;  10th  ed.,  1854,  Svo,  pp.  548.  A  Treatise 
on  the  Diseases  of  Females,  1826;  10th  ed.,  1854,  Svo,  pp. 
532.  On  the  Practice  of  Medicine,  1830. 

"  He  chose  Baudelocque  for  his  teacher,  and  often  declared  that 
he  was  indebted  to  that  most  distinguished  French  obstetrician  for 
all  that  he  knew  himself  of  midwifery.  The  disciple  was  worthy 
of  his  master."— Supra ;  vide  Williams's  Med.  Biog.,  1845,  Svo. 

D'Ewes,  Sir  Symonds,  1602-1650,  a  native  of  Cox- 
don,  Dorsetshire,  was  educated  at  St.  John's  Coll.,  Carnb. 


DEW 


DIB 


At  the  early  age  of  18  he  commenced  collecting  materials !      Dibdin,  Thomas  Frognall,  D.D.,  1775-1847,  an 
for  a  History  of  England.    These  were  pub.  after  his  death,    eminent  English  bibliographer,  was  a  nephew  of  Charles 
revised  by  Paul  Bowes,  under  the  title  of  The  Journal  of 
all  the  Parliaments  during  the  Reign  of  Queen  Elizabeth, 
1682,  fol.,  and  1687,  '93,  and  1708. 

"The  Journals  of  the  Parliaments,  by  Sir  Symonds  D'Ewes,  is  a 
work  of  authority  connected  with  the  reign  of  Queen  Elizabeth. 
The  preface  is  worth  reading ;  it  is  animating,  it  is  edifying,  to  see 
the  piety  and  industry  of  these  venerable  men  of  former  times." — 
Prof.  Smyth's  Lects.  on  Mod.  Hist.  And  see  Edin.  Rev.,  Ixxxiv.  76. 

Two  Speeches:  1.  The  Antiquity  of  Cambridge;  2.  The 
Privilege  of  Parliament,  1641,  fol.  ;  1642.  Other  Speeches, 
&c.  In  1845  was  pub.  Sir  Symonds  D'Ewes's  Autobiog. 
and  Corresp.,  edited  by  Halliwell,  1845,  2  vols.  Svo.  These 
vols.  should  accompany  the  Diaries  of  Evelyn  and  Pepys. 

Dewey,  George  W.,  b.  1818,  at  Baltimore,  is  a  resi 
dent  of  Philadelphia.  He  has  contributed  a  number  of 
poems  and  prose  essays  to  the  periodicals  of  the  day.  See 
specimens  in  Griswold's  Poets  and  Poetry  of  America. 

-Of  our  younger  and  minor  poets  no  one  has  more  natural  grace 
and  tenderness  than  George  W.  Dewey.  ...  He  has  not  written 
much,  but  whatever  he  has  given  to  the  public  is  written  well,  and 
all  his  compositions  have  the  sign  of  a  genuineness  that  never  fails 
to  please." — International  Magazine,  iii.  286, 1851. 

Dewey,  Orville,  D.D.,  b.  1794,  in  Sheffield,  Berkshire 
co.,  Massachusetts,  a  Unitarian  minister.  Discourses  on 
Various  Subjects,  1835,  3  vols.  The  Old  World  and  the 
New ;  or  Journal  of  a  Tour  in  Europe,  1'836,  2  vols.  Moral 
Views  of  Commerce,  Society,  and  Politics,  in  12  Discourses, 
1838.  Discourses  on  Human  Life,  1841.  Discourses  and 
Reviews  on  Questions  relating  to  Controversial  Theology 
and  Practical  Religion,  1846.  On  Human  Nature,  Human 
Life,  Ac.,  1847.  On  the  Nature  of  Religion  and  on  Busi 
ness,  1847.  Works,  1847,  3  vols.  Many  of  Mr.  Dewey's 
works  have  been  repub.  in  London,  1838-51. 

"  His  reasoning  is  generally  comprehensive,  and  his  illustrations 
often  poetical.  There  is  a  happy  mixture  of  ease  and  finish  in  his 
style."—  Griswold's  P>-ose  Writers  of  America. 

Dewhirst,  Rev.  Chas.     Theolog.  treatises,  1813-35. 

Delving,  H.  C.     Mysteries  of  Paris,  r.  8vo. 

De  Wint,  Mrs.  J.  P.  The  Journal  and  Correspond 
ence  of  Miss  Adams,  daughter  of  John  Adams,  President 
of  the  U.  States,  and  wife  of  Col.  Smith,  Sec.  to  the  Ame 
rican  Legation  at  London,  N.  York,  1841-42,  2  vols.  Mrs. 
De  Wint  was  a  daughter  of  Mrs.  Adams. 

De  Witt,  Benj.,  M.D.,  of  N.  York,  d.  1819,  aged  45. 
Oxygen,  1797.  Oration,  1808.  Minerals  in  N.  York;  pub. 
in  Mem.  of  A.  A.  S.,  vol.  ii. 

De  Witt,  Simeon,  of  Ithaca,  N.  York,  d.  1834,  aged 
79.  On  Engineering,  <fcc. 

De  Witt,  Susan,  d.  1824.  The  Pleasures  of  Religion  $ 
a  Poem. 

"  It  has  been  much  read  and  admired." — Allen's  Amer.  Biog.  Diet. 

De  Wolf,  Jj.  E.     Constable's  Guide,  1845,  12mo. 

De  Wolf,  Wm.  P.  Rose's  Chemical  Tables,  1850, 
r.  8vo. 

Dexter,  Samuel,  of  Boston,  1761-1816,  Secretary  of 
War  of  the  TJ.  States.  Speeches.  Political  Papers. 

Dey,  R.  Two  Books  over  Lincoln;  or  a  View  of  his 
Holy  Table,  Name,  and  Thing. 

Diaper,  Wm.  Dryades;  a  Poem,  and  a  trans,  from 
Oppian  into  English  Verse,  1713,  '22. 

Dibben,  Thomas.    Serms.,  1711,  '12. 

Dibdin,  Charles,  1745-1814,  an  actor  and  dramatist, 
is  still  better  known  by  his  famous  Sea-Songs,  which  amount 
to  nearly  1200  in  number.  A  new  ed.,  with  a  Memoir  by 
T.  Dibdin,  illustrated  by  G.  Cruikshank,  was  pub.  in  1850, 
fp.  Svo. 

"  These  Songs  have  been  the  solace  of  sailors  in  long  voyages,  in 
storms,  in  battles;  and  they  have  been  qxioted  in  mutinies  to  the 
restoration  of  order  and  discipline."— Dibdin's  Life. 

A  list  of  47  dramatic  pieces,  and  a  number  of  other  pub 
lications,  will  be  found  in  Biog.  Dramat.  He  pub.  in  1795 
a  complete  History  of  the  English  Stage,  5  vols.  8vo.  This 
work  is  not  much  valued.  See  COLLIER,  J.  P. 

Dibdin,  Charles,  Jr.,  d.  1833,  son  of  the  preceding, 
also  pub.  a  number  of  songs  and  dramatic  pieces.  See 
Biog.  Dramat. 

Dibdin,  Thomas,  1771-1841,  brother  of  the  pre 
ceding,  was  also  a  dramatic  poet  and  song-writer.  His  first 
piece,  The  Mad  Guardian,  was  pub.  under  the  assumed 
name  of  T.  Merchant.  See  a  list  of  his  pieces,  39  in  num 
ber,  in  the  Biog.  Dramat.  He  is  said  to  have  composed 
more  than  1000  songs.  In  1813  he  pub.  The  Metrical  Hist 
of  England,  2  vols.  Svo;  and  in  1828,  2  vols.  Svo,  appeared 
his  Reminiscences. 

"  Dibdin's  reminiscences  will  be  found  to  contain  a  larger  portion 
of 'curious  history  relating  to  the  intrigues  and  cabals  connected 
with  the  internal  management  of  our  national  theatres  than  any 
other  work  extant."— ion.  M.  Chronicle. 


Dibdin,  the  naval  song-writer,  and  a  son  of  Captain  Thomas 
Dibdin,  celebrated  by  his  brother  as 

"Poor  Tom  Bowling,  the  darling  of  our  crew." 

The  subject  of  our  memoir,  who  was  born  at  Calcutta, 
lost  both  of  his  parents  when  he  was  but  four  years  of  age, 
and  being  sent  to  England,  was  placed  under  the  guardian 
ship  of  his  maternal  uncle,  Mr.  William  Compton.  After 
passing  through  his  preparatory  studies  at  Reading,  Stock- 
well,  and  Isleworth,  he  was  matriculated  at  Oxford  as  a 
commoner  of  St.  John's  College.  Selecting  the  profession 
of  law,  he  became  a  pupil  of  Mr.  Basil  Montagu  of  Lin 
coln's  Inn  ;  but  having  determined  after  mature  reflection 
to  enter  the  Church,  he  was  in  1804  ordained  by  Dr.  North, 
Bishop  of  Winchester.  For  biographical  details  connected 
with  Dr.  Dibdin  as  a  clergyman,  we  must  refer  the  reader 
to  his  own  Reminiscences,  pub.  in  1836,  2  vols.  Svo,  and  to 
the  excellent  obituary  notice  in  the  Gentleman's  Magazine 
for  Jan.,  1848,  to  which  sources  we  shall  be  indebted  for 
some  of  the  facts  which  it  is  our  intention  to  record. 
Whilst  at  Oxford  he  wrote  a  number  of  essays,  which  were 
pub.  in  the  European  Magazine,  and  some  poetical  pieces, 
which  were  printed  in  a  vol.  in  1797,  Svo.  The  author's 
estimate  of  these  productions  does  not  seem  to  have  been 
very  high  : 

"  I  struck  off  500  copies,  and  was  glad  to  get  rid  of  half  of  them 
as  waste  paper;  the  remaining  half  have  been  partly  destroyed  by 
my  own  hands.  .  .  .  My  only  consolation  is  that  the  volume  is 
now  FXCEEDINGLY  RARE."  —  Bibliomania,  edit.  1809.  See  Reminis 
cences,  176. 

Whilst  at  Worcester  he  wrote  some  tales,  one  of  which, 
La  Belle  Marianne,  was  privately  printed  in  1824.  For  a 
short  time  —  the  journal,  indeed,  was  short-lived  —  Dibdin 
contributed  to  a  weekly  periodical  entitled  The  Quiz,  the 
articles  connected  with  antiquity  and  art.  While  still  en 
gaged  in  legal  pursuits,  he  pub.,  each  on  a  large  sheet,  an 
analysis  of  Blackstone's  Rights  of  Persons,  and  the  Law  of 
the  Poor  Rate.  In  1802  he  edited  a  Hist,  of  Cheltenham, 
and  pub.  the  first  edit,  of  his  Introduction  to  the  Greek 
and  Latin  Classics;  in  1805  trans.  Fenelon  on  the  Educa 
tion  of  Daughters;  and  in  1807  contributed  to  the  Weekly 
Director,  of  which  he  also  edited  the  essays  entitled  Biblio- 
graphiana,  and  the  British  Gallery.  In  the  same  year 
he  edited  (under  the  assumed  name  of  Reginald  Wolfe) 
Quarles's  Judgment  and  Mercy  for  Afflicted  Souls,  and  in 
1808  superintended  a  new  edit,  of  Sir  Thomas  More's  Uto 
pia.  In  1809  Dr.  Ferriar  addressed  to  Richard  Heber,  Esq., 
the  princely  book-collector,  a  poetical  epistle  entitled  The 
Bibliomania.  This  suggested  to  Dr.  Dibdin  his  amusing 
and  instructive  volume  of  the  same  name.  The  first  edi 
tion,  printed  in  1809,  was  a  small  octavo  volume  of  87  pages. 
It  was  reprinted  and  appended  to  the  3d  edit.,  pub.  in  1842, 
where  it  occupies  but  64  pages.  An  enlarged  edit,  appeared 
in  1811,  Svo,  with  the  addition  of  A  Bibliographical  Ro 
mance  to  the  title.  It  was  favourably  received,  and  paid 
the  author  a  profit  of  £200.  It  was  pub.  at  £1  7».  ;  19 
large-paper  copies  were  struck  off  in  2  vols.  imp.  8vo,  at 
ten  guineas  each.  This  edit,  was  in  such  demand  before 
the  publication  of  the  3d,  that  small  copies  were  sold  for 
eight  guineas,  and  large  paper  for  50  guineas.  We  quote 
some  opinions  upon  the  merits  of  this  favourite  volume  : 

"It  would  be  mere  affectation  to  say  that  I  have  not  derived 
much  information  from  it.  ...  Indeed  your  knowledge  of  biblio 
graphy  has  excited  my  surprise."  —  DR.  FERRIAR. 

"  Your  books  are  no  dead  letters  —  no  mere  dry  transcripts  ;  but 
while  they  furnish  beautiful  ornaments,  set  the  senses  "all  in  mo 
tion  ;  exhibit  a  happy  talent  of  reassembling  and  new-combining 
your  wide-sought  and  infinite  materials.  To  lead  the  dance  of 
ideas,  to  race  over  such  an  immeasurable  field  of  literature,  can 
only  be  given  to  one  of  the  most  elastic  and  vigorous  powers."— 
SIR  S.  EGERTON  BRYDQES. 

"I  have  not  yet  recovered  from  the  delightful  delirium  into 
which  your  'Bibliomania'  has  completely  thrown  me.  ...  Your 
book,  to  my  taste,  is  one  of  the  most  extraordinary  gratifications 
I  have  enjoyed  for  many  years.  You  have  glued  me  down  to  two 
hundred  pages  at  a  sitting,  and  I  can  repeat  the  pleasure  with 
out  losing  it."—  ISAAC  DISRAELI. 
have  give 


You 


en  us  another  Morias  Encomium,  seasoned  with 
a  salt  which  that  work  has  not—  with  the  united  flavour  of  gayety 
and  good  humour.  Yet  I  fear  that  you,  like  many  other  doctors, 
will  only  make  the  disease  worse."  —  FRANCIS  DOUCE. 

"  The  Bibliomania  being  once  entered  on,  compelled  me  to  be 
come  a  '  borrower  of  the  night  for  a  dark  hour  or  twain'  to  finish 
it.  I  can  truly  say  that  I  was  much  amused  and  interested  by 
it."—  E.  V.  UTTERSON. 

"I  have  been  revelling  for  the  last  two  days  in  the  delights  of 
your  new  edition  of  The  Bibliomania."—  SIR  FRANCIS  FREEING. 

"A  thousand  thanks,  my  dear  sir,  for  your  lively  satire."— 
WALTER  SCOTT. 

"To  the  extensive  and  amusing  information  contained  in  these 

orks,  [edits,  of  1809  and  1811.]  the  larger  volume  especially,  the 
limits  of  this  notice  are  inadequate  to  render  justice.  All  Mr.  Dib- 


DIB 


DIB 


din's  publications  are  indispensably  necessary  to  the  bibliographi 
cal  student.  Happy  may  he  deem  himself  who  possesses  a  copy 
of  this  work." — Home's  Introduc.  to  Bibliography,  p.  521. 

To  these  testimonies  of  the  value  of  the  Bibliomania  could 
be  added  those  of  Earl  Spencer,  the  Rt.  Hon.  Thos.  Gren- 
ville,  Sir  M.  M.  Sykes,  the  Rev.  Henry  Drury,  and  others. 
Of  illustrated  copies,  one  belonging  to  Mr.  Wm.  Turner 
of  Islington,  was  sold  to  Mr.  Town  of  New  York  for  60 
guineas,  and  the  author  remarks  : 

"  I  believe  I  have  seen  a  similar  copy  on  large  paper,  marked  in 
a  bookseller's  catalogue  at  one  hundred  and  twenty  guineas." 

The  third  edit,  of  the  Bibliomania  was  pub.  in  1842, 
r.  8vo,  small  paper,  £3  3s. ;  large  paper,  £5  5s.  This  edit, 
is  much  the  best,  and  contains  a  key  to  the  assumed  Cha 
racters  in  the  Romance. 

It  is  here  proper  to  notice  two  privately-printed  brochures 
of  Dr.  Dibdin ;  one,  entitled  Specimen  Bibliothecae  Bri- 
tannicas,  was  printed  in  1808 ;  the  other,  Specimen  of  an 
English  De  Bure,  in  1810.  In  1807-11  he  pub.  three  arti 
cles  in  the  Classical  Journal  on  the  first  Bible  and  Psalters 
printed  at  Mentz;  and  in  1811  he  printed  privately  the 
Lincolne  Nosegay,  a  selection  of  poetical  pieces. 

The  next  great  work  of  our  enterprising  bibliographer — 
The  Typographical  Antiquities  of  Great  Britain — has 
already  been  noticed  at  length  in  our  article  AMES,  JOSEPH, 
to  which  we  refer  the  reader.  The  66  large  paper  copies, 
imp.  4to,  were  pub.  at  £29  8s.;  small  paper,  £14  14s. 
About  a  year  after  the  publication  of  the  2d  edit,  of  the 
Bibliomania,  at  the  suggestion  of  Dr.  Dibdin,  the  famous 
Roxburghe  Club  was  established.  It  may  be  said  to  have 
sprung  out  of  the  sale  of  the  Roxburghe  Library.  Earl 
Spencer  was  chosen  President,  and  our  author  Vice-Pre 
sident. 

We  now  come  to  notice  the  Bibliotheca  Spenceriana, 
pub.  in  4  vols.  super-roy.  8vo,  in  1814 ;  small  paper  at  £8  8s. 
and  £9  9s.,  and  large  paper  £18  18s.  The  gerin  of  this 
splendid  work  was  a  small  volume  of  34  pp.,  of  which  36 
copies  were  printed,  entitled  Book  Rarities,  or  a  Descrip 
tive  Catalogue  of  some  of  the  most  curious,  rare,  and  va 
luable  books  of  early  date,  chiefly  in  the  collection  of  the 
Rt.  Hon.  George  John,  Earl  Spencer,  K.  G.  It  is  devoted, 
with  two  exceptions,  to  the  early-printed  Dantes  and  Pe- 
trarchs  at  Spencer  House.  To  the  Bibliotheca  Spenceriana 
a  supplement  was  added  in  1815,  and  ^Ides  Althorpianae — 
a  description  of  Spencer  House  and  its  treasures — pub.  in 
1822,  may  be  considered  vols.  5th  and  6th,  and  the  Cata 
logue  of  the  Cassano  Library,  vol.  7th,  of  this  interesting 
series.  The  author  of  this  noble  set  of  books  might  well 
say,  on  reviewing  the  results  of  his  labours : 

"  I  have  done  every  thing  in  my  power  to  establish,  on  a  firm 
foundation,  the  celebrity  of  a  Library  of  which  the  remembrance 
can  only  perish  with  every  other  record  of  individual  fame." 

In  1817,  3  vols.  r.  8vo,  appeared  The  Bibliographical 
Decameron,  or  Ten  Days'  Pleasant  Discourse  upon  Illumi 
nated  Manuscripts,  and  subjects  connected  with  Early  En 
graving,  Topography,  and  Bibliography.  The  small-paper 
copies,  of  which  there  were  760,  were  sold  at  £7  17s.  Qd. 
to  subscribers ;  £9  9s.  to  non-subscribers ;  large  paper, 
£15  15s.  Overtures  were  made  for  its  republication  in 
French,  but  it  was  too  late.  The  curious  blocks  from  which 
the  engravings  were  made  had  been  destroyed  by  the  au 
thor  and  his  friends.  Although  a  thorough-paced  biblio 
maniac,  we  have  no  sympathy  with  such  barbarous  waste. 
The  Decameron  is  assuredly  one  of  the  most  beautiful,  as 
!  well  as  one  of  the  most  instructive,  books  in  the  language. 
We  have  space  for  the  quotation  of  one  opinion  only : 

"The  volumes  not  only  exceed  my  expectation,  but  even  my 
imagination.  I  could  never  have  conceived  any  work  so  interest 
ing  for  its  decorations.  It  is  surely  without  a  rival  in  the  whole 
history  of  Typography." — ISAAC  DISRAELI. 

We  must  notice  two  illustrated  copies  of  this  work.  One 
is  in  the  library  of  Lord  Spencer  at  Althorp.  Among 
other  rarities,  it  has  many  duplicate  proofs  of  copper 
plates.  It  cost  his  lordship  upwards  of  150  guineas.  The 
other  copy  was  formerly  in  the  possession  of  George  Henry 
Freeling.  He  had  extended  his  three  volumes  to  eleven, 
which  were  bound  in  morocco  by  the  famous  Lewis.  Mr. 
Freeling,  as  will  readily  be  believed,  was  enthusiastically 
tond  of  the  Decameron. 

"If  the  gods  could  read,"  he  exclaimed,  "they  would 
never  be  without  a  copy  of  the  Decameron  in  their  side- 
pocket  !" 

In  1821  our  author  gave  to  the  world  the  results  of  his 
nine  months'  exploration  of  continental  libraries,  in  A  Bi 
bliographical,  Antiquarian,  and  Picturesque  Tour  in  France 
and  Germany,  3  vols.  r.  8vo.  The  money  paid  to  engravers 
alone  in  the  getting  up  of  these  volumes  approached  £5000. 
"A  Work  the  most  costly  on  the  score  of  embellishments  and 
the  most  perilous  on  that  of  responsibility,  in  which  a  Traveller- 


relying  upon  his  own  resources  exclusively — was  ever  engaged." — 
Author's  Reminiscences. 

"  One  of  the  most  beautiful  and  covetable  books  of  modern 
times." — ROBERT  SOUTHEY. 

"  Your  splendid  work  is  one  of  the  most  handsome  which  ever 
came  from  the  British  Press." — WALTER  SCOTT. 

The  Tour  was  pub.  at  £9  9s.,  small  paper,  and  £16  16s., 
large  paper.  Of  illustrated  copies,  perhaps  the  most  re 
markable  is  one  which  passed  through  the  hands  of  Henry 
Drury,  George  Hibbert,  and  P.  A.  Hanrott.  It  sold  at  Hib- 
bert's  sale  for  £92  8s.,  and  at  Hanrott's  for  £178  10s. 
The  gentlemen  who  paid  this  price  for  it  was  induced  to 
part  with  it  by  "a  very  splendid  offer,"  but  what  that  was, 
we  believe,  has  not  transpired.  An  account  of  this  beau 
tiful  copy  may  be  seen  in  Bibliotheca  Hanrottiana,  No. 
2412.  A  second  edition  of  the  Tour,  in  3  smaller  volumes, 
was  pub.  in  1829.  It  is  a  very  meagre  affair  compared 
with  the  first  impression,  and  pub.  at  only  £2  15s.  There 
is  also  a  French  trans,  by  M.  Theodore  Licquet,  Paris, 
1825,  4  vols.  8vo.  In  1819  Dr.  Dibdin  projected  a  His 
tory  of  the  University  of  Oxford,  which  it  is  muck  to  be 
regretted  should  have  failed  for  want  of  encouragement. 
This  noble  university  is  much  to  blame  for  its  neglect  of 
a  matter  in  which  it  has  so  deep  an  interest.  From  June, 
1822,  to  Dec.,  1825,  he  contributed  a  number  of  articles  to 
Valpy's  Museum,  a  periodical  of  short  continuance.  In 
1824  he  pub.  The  Library  Companion,  or  the  Young  Man's 
Guide  and  the  Old  Man's  Comfort  in  the  choice  of  a  Library. 
A  second  vol.  was  contemplated,  but  the  British  Critic  and 
the  Westminster  Quarterly  Reviews  criticized  the  work 
severely,  and  it  was  not  continued.  Nevertheless,  it  is 
a  work  of.  considerable  value,  and  deserves  a  wider  circu 
lation  than  it  has  obtained.  It  was  pub.  at  £1  7s. ;  a  few 
copies  on  large  paper  at  £5  5s.  A  second  edit,  appeared 
in  1825.  From  an  anecdote  recorded  at  page  394  of  the 
first  edit.,  concerning  "  certain  buckskins,"  and  which  is 
omitted  in  the  subsequent  one.  it  has  acquired  the  title  of 
the  "  Breeches  Edition,"  and  is  quoted  as  such  in  the  Bib- 
liophobia. 

In  1820,  and  also  in  1825,  our  author  pub.  a  volume  of 
sermons,  two  single  sermons  in  1830  and  1831,  an  edit,  of 
Thomas  a  Kempis's  Imitation  of  Christ  in  1828,  and  a 
collection  of  sermons  by  various  authors  in  6  vols.  in  1830. 
Of  this  collection,  entitled  The  Sunday  Library,  or  the 
Protestant's  Manual  for  the  Sabbath  Day,  more  than  4000 
perfect  sets  were  sold.  It  was  pub.  at  £1  10s.,  and  a  new 
edit,  was  issued  in  1851  at  the  very  low  price  of  16s. 

Principal  Authors. — Bp.  Blomfield,  Rev.  Robert  Hall, 
Bp.  Heber,  Jones  of  Nayland,  C.  W.  Le  Bas,  Bp.  Maltby, 
Bp.  Mant,  Dean  Milman,  Dr.  Parr,  Archdeacon  Pott,  Rev. 
Sidney  Smith,  Archbishop  Sumner,  Bp.  Van  Mildert,  Ac. 

In  1827  he  issued  a  4th  edit,  of  his  Introduction  to  the 
Greek  and  Latin  Classics.  Of  this  work  the  first  edit, 
was  pub.  in  1803,  the  2d  in  1804,  and  the  3d  in  1809.  The 
4th  edit,  was  pub.  at  £2  2s. :  large  paper,  £6  6s.  It  is  a 
most  valuable  work,  and  will  save  the  classical  student 
much  time  and  toil.  In  1831  he  pub.  anonymously  a 
pamphlet,  entitled  Bibliophobia :  Remarks  on  the  Present 
languid  and  depressed  state  of  Literature  and  the  Book 
Trade;  in  a  Letter  addressed  to  the  Author  of  the  Biblio 
mania  ;  by  Mercurius  Rusticus,  with  Notes  by  Cato  Par- 
vus.  This  is  an  amusing,  though  to  the  true  Biblioma 
niac  also  a  melancholy,  volume.  In  1833  our  author  pub. 
two  small  vols.  entitled  Lent  Lectures. 

"  These  subjects  are  well  chosen,  and  Dr.  Dibdin,  who  doubtless 
knows  full  well  what  a  London  audience  is,  tells  them  very  plainly 
that  he  thinks  it  expedient  not  to  attempt  too  much,  but  to  set 
before  them  the  strongest  and  most  striking  points  of  each  sub 
ject." — British  Magazine. 

His  Reminiscences  of  a  Literary  Life,  which  should  be 
in  the  possession  of  every  one  aspiring  to  be  a  man  of 
books,  was  pub.  in  1836,  2  vols.  8yo.  It  is  a  most  valu 
able  storehouse  of  biographical  and  bibliographical  anec 
dote.  In  1838  appeared  A  Bibliographical,  Antiquarian, 
and  Picturesque  Tour  in  the  Northern  Counties  of  Eng 
land  and  Scotland,  2  vols.  r.  8vo;  small  paper,  £4  14s.  6d. ; 
large  paper,  £8  18s.  &d.  This  is  a  handsome  work,  but 
much  inferior  to  the  Tour  in  France  and  Germany.  To 
Dr.  Dibdin,  more  than  to  any  other  individual,  is  to  be 
ascribed  the  prevalence  of  the  spirit  of  Bibliomania  which 
raged  with  such  violence  in  England  from  about  1812  to 
1824.  Did  our  space  permit,  we  might  perhaps  occupy  a 
few  pages  not  unprofitably  in  considering  the  tempting 
subject  of  book-collecting,  its  use  and  abuse,  its  advan 
tages  and  disadvantages,  its  excess  and  its  proper  limits. 
It  is  a  subject  much  misunderstood  by  the  ignorant,  and 
often  misrepresented  by  the  contracted.  Informed  by 
knowledge  and  restrained  by  discretion,  it  is  certainly  one 
of  the  most  useful,  as  well  as  amiable,  of  enthusiasms. 


DIG 

To  quote  from  the  author  whose  labours  in  this  depart 
ment  we  have  now  had  under  consideration : 

"  When  the  STUDY  of  BIBLIOGRAPHY  shall  be  more  generally  cul 
tivated,  its  uses  will  be  more  generally  acknowledged.  It  will  be 
found  to  rank  among  those  branches  of  antiquarian  research  which 
are  as  conducive  to  correct  taste  and  intelligence  as  any  other." 

But  we  should  be  disposed  to  claim  much  more  than- 
this  for  enlightened  BIBLIOGRAPHY. 

Into  the  particular  merits  or  demerits  as  a  bibliographer, 
of  the  author  of  The  Decameron,  we  will  not  be  expected 
to  examine,  in  the  brief  limits  to  which  we  are  confined. 
There  can  be  no  question,  however,  of  the  justice  of  the 
commendations  which  we  now  quote  with  entire  approba 
tion,  and  with  which  we  shall  conclude  our  article : 

"  No  collection  can  be  complete  without  Dr.  Dibdin's  volumes, 
which  are,  independent  of  the  solid  information  they  contain,  fre 
quently  enlivened  by  literary  anecdotes,  and  rendered  generally  in 
teresting  by  great  variety  of  observation  and  acuteness  of  remark." 

"You  have  contrived  to  strew  flowers  over  a  path  which,  in 
other  hands,  would  have  proved  a  very  dull  one ;  and  all  Biblio 
manes  must  remember  you  long,  as  he  who  first  united  their  an 
tiquarian  details  with  good-humoured  raillery  and  cheerfulness." — 
Sir  Walter  Scott  to  Dr.  Dibdin. 

Diceto,  Radulph  De.     See  RADTJLPH  DE  DICETO. 

Dicey,  Thomas.  Hist.  Account  of  Guernsey,  with 
Remarks  on  Jersey  and  other  Islands,  Lon.,  1750,  12mo. 
This  work  has  been  highly  commended. 

Dick,  Sir  Alex.,  1703-1785,  a  distinguished  Scottish 
physician.  De  Bpilepsia,  1725.  Account  of  his  Life. 
Trans.  R.  Soc.,  Edin.,  1790. 

Dick,  Andrew  Coventry,  Advocate.  Dissertation 
on  Church  Polity,  Edin.,  1835,  sm.  8vo;  last  ed.,  1851, 
12mo. 

"  An  excellent  piece  of  sound  and  eloquent  argumentation."— 
Lowndes's  Brit.  Lib. 

"  A  book  very  ably  written,  and  containing  the  best  arguments 
in  favour  of  the  voluntary  system  that  I  have  ever  seen." — Lord 
Aberdeen,  in  the  House  of  Lords. 

The  Nature  and  Office  of  the  State,  Lon.,  1848,  8vo. 

Dick,  John,  D.D.,  1764-1833,  a  native  of  Aberdeen, 
Prof,  of  Theol".  to  United  Secession  Church.  False  Teach 
ers,  Edin.,  1788,  8vo.  Inspiration  of  the  Scriptures,  1800, 
12mo;  1804,  8vo;  Glasg.,  1813,  8vo. 

"Altogether  the  best  essay  in  the  language  on  the  subject  of 
inspiration." — Orme's  Bibl.  Bib.,  1824. 

"  A  sensible  and  well-written  essay."— Home's  Bibl.  Bib. 

Lectures  on  Theology,  with  a  Memoir  by  his  son,  2d 
ed.,  Edin.,  1834,  4  vols.  8vo. 

"  A  body  of  Christian  theology,  lucid,  discriminating,  compre- 
hensiye,  orthodox." — Williams' s  Christian  Preacher. 

Lectures  on  the  Acts  of  the  Apostles,  Glasg.,  1805-08, 
2  vols.  8vo;  2d  ed.,  1822,  8vo;  3d  ed.,  1848,  sm.  8vo. 

"Well  written,  though  not  critical."—  Orme's  Bibl.  Bib. 

"They  contain  altogether  a  useful  illustration  of  many  import 
ant  passages  of  the  Acts ;  they  are  full  of  good  sense  and  ortho 
dox  divinity,  conveyed  in  a  perspicuous  and  easy  style." — Lon. 
Eclectic  Review. 

A  vol.  of  Dr.  Dick's  sermons  has  been  published. 

Dick,  Robert,  D.D.     Serms.,  1758,  '62,  Edin.,  8vo. 

Dick,  Robert,  M.D.  Derangement  of  the  Digestive 
Organs,  Lon.,  1843,  cr.  8vo.  Diet  and  Regimen,  1838, 
p.  8vo;  1839,  12mo. 

"  One  of  the  most  enlightened  and  philosophical  writers  of  his 
class." — Lon.  Monthly  Review. 

"  It  treats  most  ably  of  diet  and  physical  cultivation,  and  also 
of  moral  and  intellectual  regulation." — Lon.  Literary  Gazette. 

Dick,  Rev.  Thomas,  LL.D.,  1774-1857,  b.  near 
Dundee,  Scotland,  nobly  earned  the  dignified  title  attached 
to  one  of  his  excellent  volumes, — The  Christian  Philoso 
pher.  He  was  educated  at  the  University  of  Edinburgh, 
and,  after  completing  his  studies,  entered  the  ministry 
of  the  Secession  Church.  Much  of  his  time  was  devoted 
to  teaching,  for  which  elevated  and  philanthropic  calling 
few  men  have  been  better  fitted.  An  interesting  notice 
of  this  venerated  benefactor  of  his  race  will  be  found 
in  Professor  C.  D.  Cleveland's  (a  personal  and  attached 
friend  of  Dr.  Dick)  English  Literature  of  the  19th  Century, 
in  which  work  wo  find  the  following  list  of  Dr.  Dick's 
publications : 

1.  The  Christian  Philosopher,  or  the  Connection  of 
Science  with  Religion,  1823.  2.  The  Philosophy  of  Reli 
gion,  or  an  Illustration  of  the  Moral  Laws  of  the  Uni 
verse,  1825.  3.  The  Philosophy  of  a  Future  State,  1828. 
4.  The  Improvement  of  Society  by  the  Diffusion  of  Know 
ledge.  5.  On  the  Mental  Illumination  and  Moral  Im 
provement  of  Mankind,  1835.  6.  Christian  Beneficence 
contrasted  with  Covetousness,  1836.  7.  Celestial  Scenery, 
1838.  8.  The  Sidereal  Heavens,  1840.  9.  The  Practical 
Astronomer,  1845.  10.  The  Solar  System,  1846.  11.  The 
Atmosphere  and  Atmospherical  Phenomena,  1848.  12. 
The  Telescope  and  Microscope,  1851.  Several  of  these 
works  have  been  trans,  into  other  languages,  and  the  So- 


DIC 

!ar  System  into  the  Chinese.  Dr.  Dick  has  also  contri 
buted  largely  to  the  periodicals  of  the  day.  Messrs.  E. 
C.  &  J.  Biddle  of  Philadelphia  pub.  in  1850  a  uniform 
edition  of  Dr.  Dick's  works  in  10  vols.  12mo.  Messrs.  Ap- 
plegate  &  Co.  of  Cincinnati  also  publish  a  fine  edition, 
complete  in  2  vols.  r.  8vo.  We  have  before  us  commenda 
tory  notices  of  Dr.  Dick's  volumes  from  no  less  than  twenty- 
three  British  periodicals.  From  these  we  extract  the  fol 
lowing  : 

Notice  of  the  Philosophy  of  Religion : 

"  In  discussing  these  interesting  and  important  topics,  Dr.  Dick 
assumes  the  truth  of  Divine  Revelation,  and  taking  nature  and 
revelation  as  they  stand,  endeavours  to  show  the  philosophy — in 
other  words,  the  reasonableness — of  what  has  been  done,  so  as  to 
justify  the  ways  of  God  to  man.  The  design  of  such  a  work  is 
lofty  and  benignant,  and  Dr.  Dick  has  brought  to  his  great  argu 
ment  a  vast  amount  of  illustration  and  proof,  presented  in  a  style 
condensed  and  perspicuous,  and  imbued  with  the  feeling  appro 
priate  to  such  a  theme.  We  commend  it  earnestly  to  the  general 
reader,  and  not  less  so  to  the  Christian  preacher.  Such  modes  of 
dealing  with  the  foundation  of  things  need  to  be  more  common  in 
our  pulpits." — British  Quarterly  Review. 

Notices  of  Celestial  Scenery : 

"  This  familiar  explanation  of  the  most  interesting  phenomena 
is  well  calculated  to  unfold  the  wonders  of  astronomy  to  those  who 
are  unacquainted  with  the  mysteries  of  that  science ;  while  those 
who  have  learned  its  principles  will  derive  pleasure  from  the  specu 
lations  on  the  different  aspects  of  our  system,  as  viewed  from  the 
sun  and  the  several  planets." — Lon.  Athenaeum. 

"  An  admirable  book  to  put  into  the  hands  of  youth  aud  general 
readers." — Lon.  Literary  Gazette. 

"  This  is  an  admirable  book,  not  more  valuable  for  the  excellence 
of  its  intention,  than  for  the  taste,  right  feeling,  and  manly  simpli 
city  of  its  execution.  It  is  one  of  the  most  beautiful  and  readable 
books  we  ever  had  in  our  hands." — Glasgow  Chronicle. 

"Dr.  Dick  is  not  a  mere  collector  of  the  opinions  of  others;  but 
one  who  has  thought  and  investigated  for  himself." — Lon.  Evan 
gelical  Magazine. 

Notices  of  the  Sidereal  Heavens : 

"  A  very  interesting  compilation,  made  by  a  practical  man,  and 
one  which  we  can  have  no  fear  of  recommending  as  a  fit  sequel  to 
the  Celestial  Scenery  of  the  same  author."— Church  of  England 
Quarterly  Review. 

"  The  grandeur  of  our  author's  conceptions,  the  beauty  of  his 
style,  and  the  rationality  of  his  conclusions,  equally  charm  the 
mind.  We  most  unhesitatingly  recommend  our  readers  to  treat 
themselves  with  the  gratification  of  perusing  this  sublime  book. 
Our  author  is  a  Christian  philosopher." — Lon.  Herald  of  Peace. 

"  A  popular  work  on  astronomy,  in  which  the  author  addresses 
himself  to  general  students  rather  than  to  scientific  readers ;  and 
he  further  improves  his  design  by  turning  the  thoughts  of  all  to 
wards  the  omnipotent  Deity,  whose  works  he  describes  as  far  as 
they  are  cognizable  by  human  faculties." — Lon.  Literary  Gazette. 

"  No  one  can  peruse  this  volume  without  being  inspired  with 
profound  admiration  and  awe,  and  filled  with  emotions  of  deep  hu 
mility  and  reverence.  The  work  is  characterized  by  profound  and 
elaborate  research,  suited  to  the  high  and  imposing  theme,  and  is 
pervaded  by  a  reverential  spirit  towards  the  mighty  Architect.  We 
unhesitatingly  commend  the  work  to  the  perusal  of  every  class." — 
Scottish  Pilot. 

"  We  have  seldom  met  with  a  more  readable  or  instructive  work, 
lie  who  has  fairly  mastered  its  contents  will  find  himself  a  sort  of 
living  encyclopaedia  of  astronomical  facts.  It  is  pervaded,  from 
beginning  to  end,  by  a  feeling  of  the  deepest  piety  towards  that 
Being  whose  celestial  architecture  it  is  the  author's  object  to  bring 
before  the  wondering  and  adoring  mind  of  the  reader." — Grant's 
Journal. 

Notices  of  Christian  Beneficence  contrasted  with  Covet^ 
ousness  : 

"  A  treatise  of  singular  merit  and  interest,  which  cannot  be  read 
without  largely  instructing  the  understanding,  and  deeply  im 
pressing  and  affecting  the  heart." — New  Connexion  Magazine. 

"  It  is,  indeed,  a  truly  excellent  treatise.  In  every  part  it  comes 
forcibly  home  to  the  judgment  and  conscience  of  the  reader.  .  .  . 
The  style  of  Dr.  Dick  is  correct,  dignified,  and  impressive.  The 
merit  of  the  work  lies  in  its  eminent  adaptation  for  usefulness. 
It  is  a  manly,  judicious,  and  scriptural  statement  of  the  reasons 
and  grounds  of  liberality  of  conduct." — General  Baptist  Repository. 

"  We  hope  that  what  has  not  already  been  effected  by  sober  argu 
ment  and  solemn  appeals,  will  result  in  this  case  from  what  may 
be  regarded  as  a  volume  of  practical  evidence,  in  which  the  working 
of  these  antagonist  principles  is  fairly  set  forth." — Lon.  Eclec.  Rev. 
See  also  Chris.  Month.  Spec.,  ix.  149,  (by  Denison  Olmsted.) 

Dick,  Thomas  Lander.  Con.  on  Natural  Philos. 
to  Annals  Phil.,  1815,  '16,  '17. 

Dick,  Sir  Win.  His  lamentable  Case  and  distressed 
Estate,  Lon.,  1656,  fol.  A  rare  book,  which  has  been  sold 
at  great  prices.  Dowdeswell,  312,  £52  10».;  Dent,  pt.  1.. 
837,  £26  5s. ;  Sir  P.  Thompson,  £28  17*.  Qd. 

Dick,  Wm.     Dropsies;  Med.  Com.,  1786. 

Dick,  Wm.  A  Manual  of  Veterinary  Science  from 
the  7th  edit.  Encyc.  Brit,  Edin.  and  Lon.,  1842,  p.  8vo. 

"All  Farmers  and  Cattle-dealers,  Shepherds,  Stablers,  Coach- 
contractors,  every  man  who  is  interested  in  the  study  of  Veteri 
nary  Medicine,  should  have  Mr.  Dick's  manual  in  his  possession." 
—Edin.  Advertiser. 

"  Written  and  compiled  with  great  care.  .  .  .  The  views  will  be 
found  sober,  practical,  and  judicious."— -Quar.  Jour,  of  AgriaM. 

Dicken,  Alldersey.     Serms.,  Camb.,  1823. 

Dickens,  Charles.     Serms.,  1757,  '83. 


DIG 

Dickens,  Charles,  b.  1812,  at  Landport,  Portsmouth,  ] 
England,  enjoys  the  reputation  of  being  the  most  popular  j 
author  of  the  day.     His  father,  John  Dickens,  held  a  post  [ 
in  the  Navy  Pay  Department,  and  was  subsequently  a  re 
porter  of  parliamentary  debates.     Charles  was  intended  for 
the  profession  of  the  law,  but  finding  no  pleasure  in  his 
studies,  obtained  his  father's  consent  to  "join  the  parlia 
mentary  corps  of  a  daily  newspaper."     He  was  first  en 
gaged  in  the  office  of  the  True  Sun,  and  subsequently 
formed  a  connexion  with  the  Morning  Chronicle,  in  the 
evening  edition  of  which  appeared  the  Sketches  of  Life 
and  Character,  afterwards  pub.  as  Sketches  by  Boz  in  2  , 
vols.,  1836,  '37.     The  extraordinary  merit  of  these  papers  j 
was  at  once  acknowledged,  and  an  enterprising  publisher  I 
engaged  Mr.  Dickens  and  Mr.  Seymour,  the  comic  draughts-  t 
man,  "  the  one  to  write  and  the  other  to  illustrate  a  book 
which  should  exhibit  the  adventures  of  a  party  of  Cockney 
Sportsmen."     Seymour  committed  suicide  before  the  book 
was  finished,  and  the  illustrations  were  continued  by  Hablot  j 
K.  Browne,  under  the  signature  of  "Phiz."     Never  was  a 
book  received  with  more  rapturous  enthusiasm  than  that 
which  greeted  the  Pickwick  Papers !     It  may  be  said,  with 
out  a  trope,  that  from  the  peer  in  his  palace  to  the  Jehu  on 
his  box,  the  book  became  an  immediate  favourite  with  all 
classes  of  society.     The  public  were  equally  delighted  with  j 
the  shrewd  facetiousness  of  Samuel  Weller,  and  the  unso 
phisticated  benevolence  of  his  estimable  master,  and  no  j 
less  charmed  with  the  oddities  and  affectations  of  the  other  I 
members  of  the  circle.     The  comparisons  of  Weller  Junior 
— not  always  the  most  obvious — were  quoted  and  dupli 
cated,  if  not  improved  upon,  and  single  gentlemen  were  ; 
continually  admonished  to  profit  by  the  example  of  the  \ 
"old  gentleman,"  and  studiously  beware  of  respectable  i 
matrons  who  mourned  the  loss  of  their  conjugal  partners.  \ 
An  author  so  successful,  and  who  seemed  to  possess  a  ; 
perennial  spring  of  humour  and  a  marvellous  facility  of  j 
character,  not  unfrequently  caricature,  drawing,  was  not  | 
permitted  to  forget  his  cunning:  the  publishers  and  the  | 
public  alike  insisted  upon  more  Pickwicks  and  Wellers;  I 
and  Nicholas  Nickleby,  Oliver  Twist,  The  Old  Curiosity  \ 
Shop,  and  Barnaby  Rudge,  were  eagerly  read  by  hundreds 
of  thousands  of  delighted  readers.     On  the  completion  of 
Master  Humphrey's  Clock,  in  which  the  two  preceding  tales 
were  included,  Mr.  Dickens  visited  America,  where  he  had 
no  reason  to  complain  of  a  lukewarm  reception. 

Upon  his  return  home  he  gave  the  world  the  result  of 
the  impressions  produced  by  his  tour,  in  his  American  Notes 
for  General  Circulation,  pub.  in  1842.  This  volume  elicited 
a  vol.  pub.  in  N.  York,  1843,  8vo,  entitled  Change  for  Ame 
rican  Notes,  in  Letters  from  London  to  New  York,  by  a 
Lady.  In  1843  he  commenced  Martin  Chuzzlewit,  in  which 
his  friends,  the  Americans,  were  not  forgotten.  He  visited 
Italy  in  1844,  where  he  remained  for  about  a  year,  and  on 
his  return  in  1845  he  established  a  new  morning  newspa 
per,  entitled  The  Daily  News,  which  he  conducted  for  a 
short  time.  It  is  now  a  leading  journal.  Among  other 
contributions  of  Mr.  Dickens,  a  number  of  sketches, 
styled  Pictures  of  Italy,  will  be  found  in  its  columns. 

Since  the  relinquishment  of  the  Daily  News,  our  author 
has  given  to  the  world  Dombey  and  Son,  David  Copper- 
field,  Bleak  House,  The  Child's  History  of  England,  Me 
moirs  of  Joseph  Grimaldi,  and  the  Christmas  Tales  of  The 
Cricket  on  the  Hearth  and  The  Haunted  Man.  The  Chimes 
and  the  Christmas  Carol  had  been  previously  published. 
To  these  literary  labours  of  Mr.  Dickens  must  be  added 
Hard  Times,  for  These  Times,  1854,  p.  8vo ;  Little  Dorritt, 
1857,  8vo;  and  papers  in  The  Household  Narrative  of  Cur 
rent  Events,  and  in  Household  Words,  (of  which  vol.  xviii. 
was  pub.  in  1858.  The  circulation  of  the  latter  in  London 
alone  was  stated,  in  1853,  (not  by  those  interested,  so  far 
as  we  are  aware,)  to  be  90,000  copies.  But  we  presume 
that  for  London  should  be  read  England.  This  periodical 
has  an  extensive  circulation  in  America,  also. 

New  eds.  of  several  of  Mr.  Dickens's  works  have  been 
republished  in  London  by  Messrs.  Ward  &  Lock,  Chap 
man  &.  Hall,  and  Bradbury;  and  several  beautiful  eds. 
are  issued  in  Philadelphia  by  Messrs.  T.  B.  Peterson 
&  Bros.  For  critical  notices  of  the  merits  and  demerits 
of  this  popular  author  we  refer  the  reader  to  Edin.  Rev., 
Lxviii.,  IxxvL,  Ixxxi.  ;  Lon.  Quar.  Rev.,  lix.,  Ixiv., 
Ixxi.,  Ixxiii. ;  Westm.  Rev.,  xxvii.,  xxxix. ;  N.  Brit.  Rev., 
iv.,  vii.,  xv. ;  Eclec.  Rev.,  4th  Ser.,  i.,  xvii. ;  Blackw. 
Mag.,  lii.,  Ix.;  Fraser's  Mag.,  xxi.,  xxv.,  xxvi.,  xlii.j  Dubl. 
Univ.  Mag.,  xii. ;  N.  Amer.  Rev.,  Ivi.,  (by  A.  P.  Peabody, 
D.D.,)  Iviii.,  (by  C.  C.  Felton,)  Ixix.,  (by  E.  P.  Whipple;) 
South.  Lit  Mess.,  ii.,  Hi.,  v.,  ix.  j  New  Englander,  i.,  (by 
J.  P.  Thompson ;)  Bost.  Chris.  Exam.,  xxvii.,  (by  J.  S. 


DIG 

Dwight,)  xxxii.,  (by  A.  P.  Peabody;)  Bost.  Liv.Age,  xxi.; 
N.  York  Eclec.  Mag.,  v.,  vii.,  viii.,  ix.,  xvi. ;  N.  York  Eclec. 
Mus.,  i. ;  Phila.  Mus.,  xxxi.,  xxxii.  From  three  or  four 
of  these  reviews  we  append  brief  quotations : 

"  The  popularity  of  this  writer  is  one  of  the  most  remarkable 
literary  phenomena  of  recent  times,  for  it  has  been  fairly  earned 

.without  resorting  to  any  of  the  means  by  which  most  other  writers 
have  succeeded  in  attracting  the  attention  of  their  contemporaries. 
He  has  nattered  no  popular  prejudice,  and  profited  by  no  passing 
folly  :  he  has  attempted  no  caricature  sketches  of  the  manners  or 
conversation  of  the  aristocracy ;  and  there  are  very  few  political  or 
personal  allusions  in  his  works.  Moreover,  his  class  of  subjects 
are  such  as  to  expose  him  at  the  outset  to  the  fatal  objection  of 
vulgarity ;  and,  with  the  exception  of  occasional  extracts  in  the 
newspapers,  he  received  little  or  no  assistance  from  the  press.  Yet, 
in  less  than  six  months  from  the  appearance  of  the  first  number 
of  the  Pickwick  Papers,  the  whole  reading  public  were  talking 
about  them — the  names  of  Winkle,  Wardell,  Weller,  Snodgrass, 
Dodson,  and  Fogg,  had  become  familiar  in  our  mouths  as  house 
hold  terms ;  and  Mr.  Dickens  was  the  grand  object  of  interest  to 
the  whole  tribe  of  '  Leo-hunters,'  male  and  female,  of  the  metropo 
lis.  Nay,  Pickwick  chintzes  figured  in  linen-drapers'  windows,  and 
Weller  corduroys  in  breeches-makers'  advertisements;  Boz  cabs 
might  be  seen  rattling  through  the  streets,  and  the  portrait  of  the 
author  of  Pelham  or  Crichton  was  scraped  down  or  pasted  over  to 
make  room  for  that  of  the  new  popular  favourite  in  the  omnibuses. 
This  is  only  to  be  accounted  for  on  the  supposition  that  a  fresh  vein 
of  humour  had  been  opened;  that  a  new  and  decidedly  original 
genius  had  sprung  up;  and  the  most  cursory  reference  to  preced 
ing  English  writers  of  the  comic  order  will  show,  that,  in  his  own 
peculiar  walk,  Mr.  Dickens  is  not  simply  the  most  distinguished, 
but  the  first." — Lon.  Quart.  Review,  lix.  484 ;  Oct.  1837. 

"  There  is  no  misanthropy  in  his  satire,  and  no  coarseness  in  his 
descriptions — a  merit  enhanced  by  the  nature  of  his  subjects.  His 
works  are  chiefly  pictures  of  humble  life — frequently  of  the  hum 
blest.  The  reader  is  led  through  scenes  of  poverty  and  crime,  and 
all  the  characters  are  made  to  discourse  in  the  appropriate  language 
of  their  respective  classes — and  yet  we  recollect  no  passage  which 
ought  to  cause  pain  to  the  most  sensitive  delicacy,  if  read  aloud  in 
female  society.  We  have  said  that  his  satire  was  not  misanthropic. 
This  is  eminently  true.  One  of  the  qualities  we  the  most  admire 
in  him  is  his  comprehensive  spirit  of  humanity.  The  tendency  of 
his  writings  is  to  make  us  practically  benevolent — to  excite  our  sym 
pathy  in  behalf  of  the  aggrieved  and  suffering  in  all  classes;  and 
especially  in  those  who  are  most  removed  from  observation.  He 
especially  directs  our  attention  to  the  helpless  victims  of  untoward 
circumstances  or  a  vicious  system — to  the  iniprisoned  debtor — the 
orphan  pauper — the  parish  apprentice — the  juvenile  criminal — and 
to  the  tyranny,  which,  under  the  combination  of  parental  neglect, 
with  the  mercenary  brutality  of  a  pedagogue,  may  be  exercised 
with  impunity  in  schools.  His  humanity  is  plain,  practical,  and 
manly.  It  is  quite  untainted  with  sentimentality.  There  is  no 
mawkish  wailing  for  ideal  distresses — no  morbid  exaggeration  of 
the  evils  incident  to  our  lot — no  disposition  to  excite  unavailing 
discontent,  or  to  turn  our  attention  from  remedial  grievances  to 
those  which  do  not  admit  a  remedy.  Though  he  appeals  much  to 
our  feelings,  we  can  detect  no  instance  in  which  he  has  employed 
the  verbiage  of  spurious  philanthropy.  He  is  equally  exempt  from 
the  meretricious  cant  of  spurious  philosophy." — Edin.  Review, 

I  Ixviii.  77,  Oct.  1838. 

"  Dickens  as  a  novelist  and  prose  poet  is  to  be  classed  in  the  front 
rank  of  the  noble  company  to  which  he  belongs.  He  has  revived 

I  the  novel  of  genuine  practical  life,  as  it  existed  in  the  works  of 
Fielding,  Smollett,  and  Goldsmith;  but  at  the  same  time  has  given 
to  his  materials  an  individual  coloring  and  expression  peculiarly 
his  own.  His  characters,  like  those  of  his  great  exemplars,  consti 
tute  a  world  of  their  own,  whose  truth  to  nature  every  reader  in 
stinctively  recognizes  in  connection  with  their  truth  to  Dickens. 
Fielding  delineates  with  "more  exquisite  art,  standing  more  as  the 
spectator  of  his  personages,  and  commenting  on  their  actions  with 
an  ironical  humour  and  a  seeming  innocence  of  insight,  which 
pierces  not  only  into,  but  through,  their  very  nature,  laying  bare 
their  most  unconscious  scenes  of  action,  and  in  every  instance  in 
dicating  that  he  understands  them  better  than  they  understand 
themselves.  It  is  this  perfection  of  knowledge  and  insight  which 
gives  to  his  novels  their  naturalness,  their  freedom  of  movement, 
and  their  value  as  lessons  in  human  nature  as  well  as  consummate 
representations  of  actual  life.  Dickens's  eye  for  the  forms  of  things 
is  as  accurate  as  Fielding's,  and  his  range  of  vision  more  extended ; 
but  he  does  not  probe  so  profoundly  into  the  heart  of  what  he  sees, 
and  he  is  more  led  away  from  the  simplicity  of  truth  by  a  tricksy 
spirit  of  fantastic  exaggeration.  Mentally  he  is  indisputably  be 
low  Fielding ;  but  in  tenderness,  in  pathos,  in  sweetness  and  purity 
of  feeling,  in  that  comprehensiveness  of  sympathy  which  springs 
from  a  sense  of  brotherhood  with  mankind,  he  is  indisputably  above 
him."— E.  P.  WHIPPLE  :  N.  Amer.  Rev.,  Ixix.  392-393,  Oct.  1849. 

"  The  mention  of  the  Waverley  Novels  and  their  broad  Scottish 
dialect,  leads  unavoidably  to  the  remark,  that,  unlike  the  author 
of  these  matchless  productions,  Mr.  Dickens  makes  his  low  charac 
ters  almost  always  vulgar.  It  is  not  easy  to  define  vulgarity,  but 
every  one  can  feel  it;  and  we  know  that  Edie  Ochiltree,  Cuddie 
Headrigg,  Bailie  Nicol  Jarvie,  and  Domine  Sampson  are  not  vulgar, 
in  spite  of  their  accent,  language,  and  station ;  neither  are  Jeanie 
Deans,  or  Meg  Merrilies,  or  the  Mucklebackits;  and  while  the  au 
thor  draws  them  with  perfect  truth,  he  often  conveys  through  their 
mouths  lessons  of  the  greatest  moral  elevation.  Every  reader  must 
have  felt  how  much  otherwise  it  is  with  Mr.  Dickens. 

"  In  the  next  place,  the  good  characters  of  Mr.  Dickens's  novels 
do  not  seem  to  have  a  wholesome  moral  tendency.  The  reason  is, 
that  many  of  them — all  the  author's  favourites — exhibit  an  excel 
lence  flowing  from  constitution  and  temperament,  and  not  from 
the  influence  of  moral  or  religious  motive.  They  act  from  impulse, 
not  from  principle.  They  present  no  struggle  of  contending  pas 
sions;  they  are  instinctively  incapable  of  evil ;  they  are,  therefore, 
not  constituted  like  other  human  beings ;  and  do  not  feel  the  force 


DIG 

of  temptation  as  it  assails  our  less  perfect  breasts.    It  is  this  that 
makes  them  unreal, 

'  Faultless  monsters,  that  the  world  ne'er  saw.' 
This  is  the  true  meaning  of '  the  simple  heart,'  which  Mr.  Dickens 
so  perpetually  eulogizes.    Indeed,  they  often  degenerate  into  sim- 

Sletons,  sometimes  into  mere  idiots.  .  .  .  Another  error  is  the  un- 
ue  prominence  given  to  good  temper  and  kindness,  which  are 
constantly  made  substitutes  for  all  other  virtues,  and  an  atone 
ment  for  the  want  of  them ;  while  a  defect  in  these  good  qualities 
is  the  signal  for  instant  condemnation  and  the  charge  of  hypocrisy. 
It  is  unfortunate,  also,  that  Mr.  Dickens  so  frequently  represents 
persons  with  pretensions  to  virtue  and  piety  as  mere  rogues  and 
hypocrites,  and  never  depicts  any  whose  station  as  clergymen,  or 
reputation  for  piety,  is  consistently  adorned  and  verified.  .  .  .  We 
cannot  but  sometimes  contrast  the  tone  of  Mr.  Dickens's  purely 
sentimental  passages  with  that  of  Sir  Walter  Scott  on  similar  occa 
sions,  and  the  stilted  pomp  with  which  the  former  often  parades  a 
flaunting  rag  of  threadbare  morality  with  the  quiet  and  graceful 
ease  with  which  the  latter  points  out  and  enforces  a  useful  lesson." 
— North  British  Review,  vol.  iv. 

Dickens,  John.     Tin  Plates,  Lon.,  1736,  8vo. 

Dickenson,  John.  Deorum  Consessus,  Lon.,  1591, 
8vo.  Arisbas,  1594, 4to.  Greene  in  Conceipt,  Ac.,  1598, 4to. 

Dickenson,  John.  Miscellanea  ex  Historiis  Angli- 
canis,  Lugd.  Batav.,  1606,  4to. 

Dickenson,  John.     Serm.  on  Ps.  Ixxxi. 

Dickenson,  John.     Serm.,  1779,  8vo. 

Dickenson,  Thomas.     Serms.,  1712,  '16,  8vo. 

Dickie,  J.     See  MITCHELL,  J. 

Dickins,  John,  Register  of  the  Ct.  of  Chancery. 
Reports  in  Chancery,  by  J.  Wyatt,  Lon.,  1803, 2  vols.  r.  8vo. 

"  Mr.  Dickins  was  a  very  attentive  and  diligent  register,  but  his 
notes  being  rather  loose,  are  not  considered  as  good  authority." — 
LORD  REDESDALE. 

"  From  the  author's  official  station  great  expectations  were  formed 
by  the  profession  from  the  proposed  publication  of  them :  sed  par- 
turiunt  monies,  etc." — JBridgman's  Legal  Bibl. 

Dickinson,  Adam.    N.  Test.  Graece,  Lon.,  1814. 

Dickinson,  Andrew.  My  First  Visit  to  Europe,  N. 
York,  1851,  12mo.  A  2d  ed.  has  been  pub. 

"  A  very  readable  book — fresh,  unaffected,  genuine.  His  narra 
tion  is  at  once  faithful,  varied,  and  interesting." 

Dickinson,  Edmund,  1624-1707,  Physician  to  Chas. 
II.  and  James  II.,  is  best-known  as  the  publisher  of  Delphi 
Phoenizicantes,  <fcc.,0xon.,  1655,  8vo,  a  learned  dissertation, 
•written  to  prove  that  the  Greeks  borrowed  the  story  of  the 
Delphic  Oracles  from  the  Holy  Scriptures.  But  this  trea 
tise  was  really  written  by  Henry  Jacob,  and  appropriated 
by  the  dishonest  medicus.  See  Athen.  Oxon.  in  Orme's 
Bibl.  Bib.  Dickinson  wrote  a  work  entitled  Physica  Vetus 
et  Vera,  Lon.,  1702,  4to.  Parabola  Philosophica,  and  a 
treatise  on  the  Grecian  Games,  in  Latin,  pub.  with  an  Ac 
count  of  his  Life  and  Writings,  by  W.  M.  Blonbery,  1709, 
8vo;  1739. 

Dickinson,  Francisco.    20  Rare  Secrets,  1649, 4to. 

Dickinson,  Capt.  H.  Instructions  for  forming  a 
Regiment  of  Infantry  for  Parade  or  Exercise,  1798,  8vo. 

Dickinson,  John,  1732-1808,  member  of  the  As 
sembly  of  Penna.,  1764;  delegate  to  a  general  congress  in 
New  York,  1765;  member  of  Congress  from  Penna.,  1774; 
again  in  1779  ;  President  of  Delaware,  1780 ;  President  of 
the  Supreme  Executive  Council  of  Penna.,  1782-85  :  suc 
ceeded  by  Benjamin  Franklin.  Speech,  1764.  Reply  to 
a  Speech  of  Joseph  Galloway,  1765.  Late  Regulations 
respecting  the  British  Colonies  on  the  Continent  of  Ame 
rica,  1765.  Letters  from  a  Pennsylvania  Farmer  to  the 
Inhabitants  of  the  British  Colonies,  [12  Letters,]  1767-68. 
Reprinted,  1774.  9  Letters  under  the  signature  of  Fab'ius  ; 
intended  to  promote  the  adoption  of  the  Constitution,  1788; 
14  ditto,  to  encourage  a  favourable  feeling  towards  France, 
1797.  His  Polit.  Writings  were  pub.  in  2  vols.  8vo,  in  1801. 

Mr.  Dickinson's  style  was  distinguished  by  perspicuity, 
vigour,  and  a  flowing  eloquence  admirably  suited  to  the 
exciting  topics  which  commanded  his  pen.  He  was  au 
thor  of  many  of  those  able  papers  issued  by  the  early 
American  Congress  which  elicited  the  ardent  eulogy  of 
Lord  Chatham. 

The  celebrated  Petition  to  the  King,  erroneously  ascribed 
by  Chief  Justice  Marshall,  in  his  Life  of  Washington,  to 
Mr.  Lee,  was  the  production  of  John  Dickinson. 

"It  won  the  highest  admiration  on  both  sides  of  the  Atlantic, 
and  will  remain  an  imperishable  monument  to  the  glory  of  its 
author,  and  of  the  assembly  of  which  he  was  a  member,  so  long 
as  fervid  and  manly  eloquence,  and  chaste  and  elegant  composi 
tion  shall  be  appreciated."— THOMAS  AI.LIBONE  BUDD  :  Life  of  John 
Dickinson  in  the  National  Portrait  Gallery  of  Distinguished  Ameri 
cans,  Phila.,  1852,  vol.  ii. 

The  "  Second  Petition  to  the  King"  was  also  written  by 
John  Dickinson. 

Dickinson,  Jonathan,  1688-1747,  first  President 
of  the  College  of  New  Jersey,  1746-47,  was  for  nearly 
forty  years  "the  joy  and  glory"  of  the  1st  Presbyterian 
Church  of  Elizabethtown,  New  Jersey.  He  pub.  many 


DIG 

serms.  and  theolog.  treatises,  1732-46.  A  third  ed.  of  his 
Familiar  Letters  upon  Important  Subjects  in  Religion  was 
pub.  at  Edin.  in  1757, 12mo,  and  a  collection  of  a  number  of 
his  writings  was  issued  in  the  same  place  in  1793,  8vo.  See 
Pierson's  Serm.  on  his  death ;  preface  to  his  serms.,  Edin. 
ed. ;  Chandler's  Life  of  Johnson ;  Allen's  Amer.  Biog.  Diet. 

Dickinson,  R.  Sheriffs,  Coroners,  Constables,  and 
Collectors  of  Taxes,  Springfield,  1810,  8vo.  Justices  of 
the  Peace,  Boston,  8vo. 

Dickinson,  Robert.     Serms.,  1803-06,  8vo. 

Dickinson,  Robert.     Serms.,  Lon.,  1818,  8vo. 

Dickinson,  Rodolphus.  New  and  corrected  Ver 
sion  of  the  New  Test,  with  Notes,  Boston,  1833,  r.  8vo. 
Severely  handled  in  the  Amer.  Month.  Rev.,  March,  1833. 

Dickinson,  Samuel.     Serm.,  1784,  8vo. 

Dickinson,  Wm,     Serm.,  Lon.,  1619,  4to. 

Dickinson,  Wm.  Ode  in  Artem  Anatomicam  orna- 
tissimo  doctissimoque  viro  Ricardo  Mead,  M.D.,  fol. 

Dickinson,  Wm.  Antiquities  in  Nottinghamshire 
and  the  adjacent  Counties,  Newark,  1801-03,  4to,  vol.  i. 
This  is  an  unfinished  work,  containing  the  Hist,  of  South 
well.  The  Hist,  and  Antiq.  of  the  Town  of  Newark,  New 
ark,  1806,  4to.  See  RASTALL,  W.  DICKINSON. 

Dickinson,  Wm.  Justice  of  the  Peace,  2d  ed.,  Lon., 
1822,  3  vols.  8vo.  Justice  Law  of  the  last  5  years,  1813- 
17,  1818,  8vo. 

"  A  very  good  and  convenient  Appendix,  executed  with  suffi 
cient  care  and  skill  to  answer  all  the  purposes  for  which  it  was 
undertaken." — Lon.  Monthly  Rev. 

Practical  Guide  to  the  Quarter  Sessions,  and  other  Ses 
sions  of  the  Peace ;  5th  ed.  by  Mr.  Sergeant  Talfourd ;  6th 
ed.  with  addits.  by  R.  P.  Tyrwhitt,  1845,  8vo. 

Dicks,  John.     Gardener's  Directory,  1769,  fol. 

Dickson,  Rev.  Adam.  Treatise  on  Agriculture, 
Edin.,  1762,  8vo;  2d  ed.,  1765;  vol.  ii.,  1769,  8vo;  new 
ed.,  1785,  2  vols.  8vo.  The  Husbandry  of  the  Ancients, 
Edin.  and  Lon.,  1788,  2  vols.  8vo. 

"  This,  though  the  best  work  on  the  subject  in  the  English  lan 
guage,  is  inferior  to  that  of  Butel  Dumont." — McGuttoch's  Lit.  of 
Polit.  Economy. 

"Dickson  has  ever  been  very  justly  reckoned  to  be  a  first-rate 
writer  of  the  time."— Donaldson's  Agricult.  Biog. 

Dickson,  Alex.  De  Vmbra  Rationis  et  Indicij,  Lon., 
1583, 16mo.  Libellusdememoriaverissima,&c.,1584,12mo. 

Dickson,  Caleb,  M.D.     Fever,  Lon.,  1585,  8vo. 

Dickson,  David,  1583-1663,  a  native  of  Glasgow; 
minister  of  Irvine,  1618;  Profes.  of  Divinity  in  the  Univ. 
of  Glasgow,  1643,  and  afterwards  in  that  of  Edinburgh. 
Explanation  of  the  Epistle  to  the  Hebrews,  Aber.,  1635, 
fol.  and  12mo. 

"  Not  so  satisiactory  as  his  work  on  the  Psalms." — Orme's  Bibl. 
Bib. 

Expositio  analytica  omnium  Epistolarum,  Glasg.,  1645, 
4to.  Exposition  of  the  Gospel  according  to  St.  Matthew, 
Lon.,  1651,  12mo. 

"  Short,  but  sensible  and  evangelical."— Bickersteth's  Christian 
Student. 

A  Brief  Explication  of  the  Psalms,  1653-55,  3  vols. 
8vo,  Glasg.  and  Lon.,  1834,  3  vols.  12mo ;  with  a  Memoir 
of  the  author,  by  the  Rev.  Robert  Wodrow. 

"  Very  popular  during  the  latter  part  of  the  seventeenth  cen 
tury."—  Home's  Bibl.  Bib. 

"  The  exposition,  though  brief,  is  not  so  short  as  to  be  unsatis 
factory." — Orme's  Bibl.  Bib. 

"Of  use  for  the  justness  and  fertility  of  its  observations."— 
WO.Uams's  Christian  Preacher. 

Therapeutica  Sacra,  Edin.,  1695,  8vo. 

"An  experimental  and  profitable  work."— BickerstetKs  Christian 
Student. 

Exposition  of  all  the  Epistles,  1659,  fol. 

Dickson  was  engaged  in  some  other  works.  Edward 
Leigh — see  a  Treatise  of  Religion  and  Learning,  Lon., 
1656,  fol. — commends  Dickson  highly,  and  Poole  repre 
sents  his  expositions  as 

"  Brief,  but  perspicuous,  ingenious,  and  judicious." 

See  Wodrow's  Memoirs  of  Dickson ;  Law's  Memorialls. 

Dickson,  David,  M.D.    Medical  Essay,  1712,  Sro. 

Dickson,  David.    Serms.,  Edin.,  1818,  8vo. 

Dickson,  D.  M.    Ann.  of  Med.,  1799. 

Dickson,  J.  Revelations  of  Cholera,  Lon.,  1848, 12mo. 

Dickson,  J.  Breeding  of  Live  Stock,  Edin.  and  Lon., 
1850,  p.  8vo. 

Dickson,  James.   Prac.  Discourses,  Edin.,  1731, 8vo. 

Dickson,  James,  d.  1822.  Fasciculus  Plantarum 
Cryptogamicarum  Britanniae,  Lon.,  1783-1801,  4to.  Dried 
Plants,  1787-99,  sm.  fol.  Botanical  Catalogue,  1797,  8vo. 
Con.  to  Trans.  Linn.  Soc.,  1791,  '94,  '97,  and  to  Trans. 
Hortic.  Soc.,  1815,  '17,  '18. 

Dickson,  James  Hill.  Letters  on  the  improved 
mode  of  the  Cultivation  and  Management  of  Flax,  Lon., 
1846,  8vo. 


BIG 


DIG 


"The  intelligence  is  very  sound,  and  correctly  estimated." — 
Donaldson's  AgricuU.  Biog. 

Dickson,  R.  W.,  M.D.  Practical  Agriculture ;  plant 
ing,  live  stock,  Ac.,  Lon.,  1804,  2  vols.  4to. 

«  Much  reputed  for  sound  and  correct  information."— Donald 
son's  AgricuU.  Biog. 

The  Farmer's  Companion,  1811,  8vo.  Improved  Sys 
tem  of  Cattle  Management,  1822,  2  vols.  4to.  He  edited 
a  monthly  Agricultural  Journal,  1807,  '08. 

Dickson,  Rev.  Richard.  New  Interpretation  of 
Psalm  IxviiL,  Oxf.,  1812,  4to. 

"  These  very  learned  and  acute  discussions  well  deserve  the  at 
tention  of  all  who  are  versed  in  Hebrew  learning  and  biblical  criti 
cism."—  British  Orilic. 

Dickson,  Richard.  Law  of  Wills,  Lon.,  1830, 12mo. 
Dickson,  Samuel,  M.D.  Unity  of  Disease  analyti 
cally  proved,  Lon.,  1838,  8vo.  Fallacy  of  the  Art  of  Physic, 
1838,  8vo.  Fallacies  of  the  Faculty;  being  the  Spirit  of 
the  Chronic  Treatment  System,  2d  ed.,  1841,  8vo ;  5th  ed., 
1846,  r.  8vo  ,•  6th  ed.,  1853,  8vo. 

Dickson,  Samuel  Henry,  Professor  of  the  Prac 
tice  of  Medicine  in  the  Jefferson  Medical  College,  Phila 
delphia;  for  many  years  Prof,  of  the  Institutes  and  Practice 
of  Medicine  in  the  Med.  Coll.  of  the  State  of  South  Carolina. 
1.  Dengue :  its  History,  Pathology,  and  Treatment,  Phila., 
1826,  8vo.  2.  Essays  on  Pathology  and  Therapeutics ; 
being  the  Substance  of  the  Course  of  Lectures  delivered  in 
the  Med.  Coll.  of  S.  Carolina,  1845,  2  vols.  8vo.  3.  Ess-ays 
on  Slavery,  1845,  and  sundry  Orations  and  Addresses.  4. 
Essays  on  Life,  Sleep,  Pain,  Ac.,  Phila.,  1852,  12mo.  5. 
Elements  of  Medicine,  1855,  8vo,  pp.  750.  Dr.  Dickson 
has  contrib.  to  many  medical  and  miscell.  periodicals.  It 
will  be  observed  by  the  annexed  notice  that  this  distin 
guished  physician  and  author  was  for  some  time  connected 
with  the  Medical  Department  of  the  New  York  University : 
"Dr. Dickson,  recently  of  the  Medical  Department  of  the  New 
York  University,  and  whose  ill-health  induced  the  resignation  of 
the  chair  he  held  there,  has  returned  to  Charleston ;  and  we  ob 
serve  that  his  professional  and  other  friends  in  that  city  greeted 
him  with  a  public  dinner  on  the  9th  ult.  Dr.  Dickson,  we  be 
lieve,  is  one  of  the  most  classically  elegant  writers  upon  medi 
cal  science  in  the  United  States.  He  ranks  with  Chapman  and 
Oliver  Wendell  Holmes  in  the  grace  of  his  periods  as  well  as  in  the 
thoroughness  of  his  learning  and  the  exactness  and  acuteness 
of  his  logic.  Like  Holmes,  too,  he  is  a  poet,  and,  generally,  a  very 
accomplished  litterateur.  We  regret  the  loss  that  New  York  sus 
tains  in  his  removal,  hut  congratulate  Charleston  upon  one  of  the 
best-known  and  most  loved  attractions  of  her  society."— Interna 
tional  Magazine,  vol.  i. 

Dickson,  Stephen.  Chemical  Essay,  <fcc.,1787,'90/96. 
Dickson,  Thomas.     The  Sovereignty  of  the  Divine 
Administration  Vindicated,   with   a  Pref.  by  J.  Seddon 
1766,  8vo. 

Dickson,  Thomas.  De  Sanguinis  Missione,  Lugd. 
Bat.,  1746,  8vo. 

Dickson,  Thomas,  M.D.,  Physician  to  the  London 
Hospital.  Blood-letting,  Lon.,  1765,  4to.  Con.  to  Med. 
Obs.  and  Inq.,  1762,  '70. 

Dickson,  Walter  R.  Domestic  Poultry,  Lon.,  1833, 
'46,  12mo ;  new  ed.  with  addits.  by  Mrs.  London,  illus.  by 
Harvey,  1853,  p.  8vo. 

"This  is  an  excellent  treatise  on  poultry,  and  deserves  much 
notice." — Donaldson's  AgricuU.  Biog. 

It  is  the  most  comprehensive  work  on  the  subject,  and  in 
valuable  to  all  who  raise  poultry  either  for  profit  or  pastime, 
Dickson,  Wm.  Negro  Slavery,  Lon.,  1789, 8vo.  Mi 
tigation  of  Slavery,  1814,  2  vols.  8vo ;  in  conjunction  with 
Hon.  J.  Steele.  Other  works.  Trans  of  serms.  by  Mas- 
sillon,  1798,  3  vols.  8vo.  Every  one  should  read  the  serms. 
of  the  eloquent  Bishop  of  Claremont. 

"  He  is  doubtless  of  the  first  rank  as  a  writer.  No  one  has  car 
ried  the  excellence  of  style  to  a  higher  degree  of  perfection.  He 
attended  to  this  branch  of  eloquence  to  the  latest  period  of  his 
life.  ...  He  retained  in  his  old  age  all  the  purity  of  his  taste, 
although  he  had  lost  the  vivacity  of  his  imagination."— ABB£ 
MAURY  :  Principles  of  Eloquence. 

"  Bossuet  is  sublime,  but  unequal;  Flechier  is  more  equal,  but 
less  sublime,  and  often  too  flowery ;  Bourdaloue  is  solid  and  judi 
cious,  but  he  neglects  the  lighter  ornaments;  Massillon  is  richer 
in  imagery,  but  less  cogent  in  reasoning.  I  would  not,  therefore, 
have  an  orator  content  himself  with  the  imitation  of  one  of  these 
models,  but  rather  that  he  strive  to  combine  in  himself  the  differ 
ent  qualities  of  each."— M.  CREVIER:  Rhetorique,  Prancaise. 

"  The  heart  was  the  object  at  which  he  aimed,  and  his  eloquence 
gave  him  its  complete  control,— he  convinced,— he  touched,— h< 
softened,— he  led  his  hearer  captive— his  eloquence  was  irresist 
ible!"— COBBIN. 

"  We  everywhere  find  the  overflowing  of  a  soul  deeply  pene 
trated,  great  knowledge  of  the  human  heart,  just  and  delicate 
thoughts,  brilliant  ideas,  elegant  expressions,  and  a  style  at  once 
lively,  concise,  and  harmonious." — L'Avocat. 

Dicnil,  an  Irish  monk,  b.  755-760  ?  wrote  a  tract  De 
Mensura  Orbis  Teroe,  and  a  treatise  on  Grammar ;  the  lat 
ter  appears  to  be  lost.     The  tract  De  Mensura,  Ac.  was 
first  pub.  in  1807  by  C.  A.  Walckenaer,  Paris,  8vo,  from 
502 


wo  MSS.  in  the  Royal  (the  Imperial)  Library  at  Paris. 
In  1814  a  new  ed.  was  pub.  by  A.  Letronne,  Paris,  8vo, 
rho  consulted  two  MSS.  in  Italy.     There  is  another  MS. 
f  this  tract  in  the  Imperial  Library  at  Vienna. 
"Dicuil's  language  is  rude  and  perfectly  destitute  of  ornament; 
rat  he  exhibits  an  extensive  acquaintance  with  books,  and  quotes 
Virgil,   Lucan,  and  other  Latin  writers."—  Wright's  Biog.  Brit. 
t.,  q.  v. 

Dieffenbach,  Dr.  Ernest,  late  Naturalist  to  the  New 
Zealand  Company.  New  Zealand  and  its  Native  Popula 
tion,  Lon.,  1841,  8vo.  Travels  in  New  Zealand,  1843,  2 
vols.  8vo.  A  valuable  work,  containing  an  extensive  Fauna 
of  New  Zealand,  and  a  Grammar  and  Dictionary  of  the 
Language. 

Die  iii  ar ,  E .  M.  The  History  and  Amours  of  Rhodope, 
Lon.,  1780,  4to. 

Digby,  Everard,  d.  1592.  Theoria  Analytica,  Ac., 
Lon.,  1579,  4to.  De  Duplici  Methodo  libri  duo,  1580,  8vo. 
"  A  work  of  considerable  merit.  The  main  object  of  it  is  to  point 
out  the  advantages  of  method  in  the  exposition  of  those  principles 
and  rules  which  lead  the  mind  to  sound  reasoning." — Blakey's  Hist. 
Sketch  of  Logic. 

De  Arte  Natandi,  1587.     A  dissuasive  rel.  to  the  goods, 
.  of  the  Church,  4to.     A  Short  Introduction  for  to  learn 
to  Swimme,  trans,  by  Chr.  Middleton. 

Digby,  Sir  Everard,  1581-1606,  distinguished  as 
"  the  handsomest  man  of  his  time,"  son  of  the  preceding, 
executed  as  an  accomplice  in  the  Gunpowder  Plot.  Some 
of  his  papers  were  pub.  with  other  pieces  relating  to  tho 
plot,  1678. 

Digby,  Francis.  A  trans,  from  Xenophon. 
Digby,  George,  Earl  of  Bristol,  1612-1676,  born  in 
Madrid  during  his  father's  (John,  Earl  of  Bristol)  first 
embassy  to  Spain.  Speeches,  1640,  '41.  Watt  notes  a 
speech  by  the  Earl  of  Bristol,  pub.  1674  and  1679.  Elvira, 
a  Comedy.  'Tis  better  than  it  was.  Apology,  1642,  4to. 
Letter  to  the  Queen,  1642,  4to.  Letters  between  Lord 
George  Digby  and  Sir  Kenelm  Digby,  Kt,  concerning  Re 
ligion,  1651, 12mo.  See  other  publications  of  his  in  Park's 
Walpole's  R.  and  N.  Authors.  See  also  Athen.  Oxon.; 
Biog.  Brit. ;  Bp.  Warburton's  Introduc.  to  Julian. 

"A  singular  person,  whose  life  was  contradiction." — HORACE 
WALPOLE. 

Digby,  John,  Earl  of  Bristol,  1580-1653,  father  of  the 
preceding.  Verses  on  the  Death  of  Sir  Henry  Unton. 
Other  Poems.  See  Lawes's  Ayres  and  Dialogues,  Lon., 
1653,  fol.  Trans,  of  P.  du  Moulin's  Defence  of  the  Catholic 
Faith,  1610.  Political  Tracts  and  Speeches. 

' '  The  Earl  of  Bristol  was  a  man  of  grave  aspect,  of  a  presence 
that  drew  respect,  and  of  long  experience  in  affairs  of  great  im 
portance.  He  was  a  very  handsome  man." — LORD  CLARENDON: 
Hist,  of  the  Rebellion.  See  Park's  Walpole's  R.  and  N.  Authors. 

Digby,  Sir  John.     Letter  to  Col.  Kerr,  Gov.  of  Ply 
mouth,  persuading  him  to  betray  his  trust,  1645. 
Digby,  Lord  John.     Speeches,  1642,  '60,  4to. 
Digby,  Sir  Kenelm,  1603-1648,  son  of  Sir  Everard 
Digby,  was  equally  distinguished  for  his  supposed  skill  in 
occult  philosophy,  and  for  having  married  the  famous  beau 
ty,  Venetia  Anastasia,  daughter  of  Sir  Edward  Stanley, 

"  A  lady  of  an  extraordinary  beauty,  and  of  as  extraordinary  a 
feme."— LORD  CLARENDON. 

Ben  Jonson,  who  wrote  ten  pieces  in  her  praise,  thus 
laments  her  loss : 

"  Twere  time  that  I  dy'd  too,  now  she  is  dead, 
Who  was  my  Muse,  and  life  of  all  I  said; 
The  spirit  that  I  wrote  with,  and  conceiv'd : 
All  that  was  good  or  great  with  me,  she  weav'd." 
Aubrey  gives  a  minute  account  of  her  appearance.     Seo 
Bliss's  "Wood's  Athen.  Oxon.,  iii.  694-5. 

Sir  Kenelm  was  the  author  of  a  number  of  works:  A 
Conference  with  a  Lady  about  the  Choice  of  Religion,  Paris, 
1638,  8vo;  Lon.,  1654.  His  and  Mr.  Montague's  Letters 
concerning  the  Contribution,  1642,  4to.  SIR  THOMAS 
BUOWNE'S  (q.  v.)  Religio  Medici,  with  observations,  1643, 
12ino ;  1682,  8vo.  Obser.  on  the  22d  Stanza  in  the  9th  Canto 
of  the  2d  Book  of  Spenser's  Fairy  Queen,  1644,  8vo,  "Con 
taining,"  says  his  biographer,  "a  very  deep  philosophical 
commentary  upon  these  mysterious  verses."  Discourse 
concerning  the  Cure  of  Wounds  by  the  sympathetic  Pow 
der,  1644,  fol.,  with  instructions  how  to  make  the  said 
powder.  In  French,  Paris,  1658, 12mo ;  1660, 8vo;  Francf., 
1660,  Svo;  Amst,  1661,  12mo.  The  Body  and  Soul  of 
Man,  Paris,  1644,  fol.  Of  Bodies  and  of  Man's  Soul,  Ac., 
Lon.,  1669,  4to.  Institutionum  Peripateticarum,  Paris, 
1651.  Letters  between  him  and  Lord  George  Digby  con 
cerning  Religion,  1651,  Svo.  Infallibility  of  Religion, 
Paris,  1652,  12mo.  Adhering  to  God,  Lon.,  1654.  Con 
troversial  Letters,  1654.  Peripatetical  Institutiones,  trans, 
by  T.  White,  1656,  Svo.  De  Plantarum  Vegetatione,  1661, 
12mo;  Latin,  Amst,  1669,  12mo.  Receipts  of  Surgery 
and  Physick,  also  of  Cordial  and  Distilled  Waters  and 


DIG 

Spirits,  1665,  '68,  '75,  8vo;  in  Latin,  by  George  Hartman, 
1668,  8vo.  Trans,  into  many  languages.  His  Closet 
Opened,  1669,  '77,  8vo.  Chymical  Secrets,  pub.  by  G.  Hart 
man,  1683,  8vo.  Excellent  Directions  for  Cookery,  1669. 
Remedies  Souuerains,  &c.,  Paris,  1684, 12mo.  Secrets  pour 
la  Beaute  des  Dames,  Ac.,  Haye,  1700,  8vo.  See  Biog. 
Brit.;  Life  of  Lord  Clarendon;  Bliss's  Wood's  Athen. 
Oxon. ;  Bibl.  Digbeiana,  1680,  8vo;  Life  of  Sir  Kenelm 
Digby,  pub.  from  his  own  MS.  by  Sir  N.  Harris  Nicolas, 
1827,  8vo. 

"  A  Gentleman  absolute  in  all  Numbers." — BEN  JONSON. 

"  He  possessed  all  the  advantages  which  nature  and  art,  and  an 
excellent  education  could  give  him."— LORD  CLARENDON. 

Digby,  Kenelm  Henry.  Broadstone  of  Honour, 
(on  the  Origin,  Spirit,  and  Institutions  of  Christian  Chi 
valry.)  1st  Book  called  Godefridus;  2d  Book,  Tancredus; 
3d  Book,  Morus;  4th  Book,  Orlandus,  Lon.,  1826,  '27,  fp. 
8vo.  New  ed.,  1845-48,  3  vols.  12mo. 

"  He  identifies  himself,  as  few  have  ever  done,  with  the  good  and 
great  and  heroic  and  holy  in  former  times,  and  ever  rejoices  in  pass 
ing  out  of  himself  into  them." — ARCHDEACON  HARE:  Gw.sscsat  Truth. 

"We  have  never  read  a  volume  more  full  than  this  [Morus]  of 
loving  gentleness  and  earnest  admiration  for  all  things  beautiful 
and  excellent." — STERLING. 

Mores  Catholici;  or  Ages  of  Faith,  Anon.,  1844-47,  3 
vols.  r.  8vo. 

"  That  delightful  writer,  who  has  collected,  like  a  truly  pious 
pilgrim,  the  fragrance  of  ancient  times;  whose  works  I  should  cer 
tainly  recommend  to  the  English  Aristocracy,  and  Irish,  too." — 
ARCHBISHOP  OF  TUAM. 

Digby,  Wm.,  Dean  of  Clonfert.  21  Lectures  on  Di 
vinity,  Dubl.,  1787,  8vo. 

Digges,  Sir  Dudley,  1583-1639,  eldestson  of  Thomas 
Digges,  educated  at  University  College,  Oxford.  Four 
Paradoxes,  or  Politique  Discourses,  <fcc.  by  Thos.  and  Dud. 
Digges,  1604, 4to.  Defence  of  the  E.  India  Trade,  1615, 4to. 

"  It  contains  some  curious  particulars,  but  wants  the  ingenuity 
and  originality  which  distinguishes  Mun's  tract." — McCulloch's 
Lit.  of  Polit.  Econ. 

Right  and  Privileges  of  the  Subject,  1642,  4to.  The 
Compleat  Ambassador,  1655,  '65,  fol. 

"  A  pleasing  variety  of  letters."— BP.  NICOLSON. 

Digges,  Dudley,  1612  ?-1643,  third  son  of  the  preced 
ing.  An  Answer  to  Observations  upon  some  of  his  Majes 
ty's  late  Answers  and  Expresses,  Oxon.,  1642  ;  anon.  The 
Unlawfulness  of  Subjects  taking  up  Arms  against  their 
sovereign  on  what  case  soever,  1643,  '47,  4to;  1662,  8vo. 
Review  of  the  Observations  upon  some  of  his  Majesty's 
late  Answers  and  Expresses,  Oxon.,  1643,  '44;  anon. 

Digges,  Edward.     Silkworms,  Phil.  Trans.,  1665. 

Digges,  Leonard,  d.  about  1573,  an  eminent  mathe 
matician,  father  of  Thomas  Digges,  a  native  of  Barham, 
Kent,  was  educated  at  University  College,  Oxford.  Tec- 
tonicon ;  measuring  of  Land,  <fec.,  Lon.,  1556, 4to.  A  Prog 
nostication  to  judge  of  the  weather,  <fec.,  1555,  '40,  '56,  '64, 
'67 ;  augmented  by  T.  Digges,  1576,  '78,  '92, 1634, 4to.  An 
Arithmet.  Military  Treatise  named  Stratioticos ;  augmented 
by  T.  Digges,  1579,  '90,  4to. 

"  There  is  here  a  brief  and  good  treatise  on  Arithmetic,  and  some 
Algebra  of  the  school  of  Recorde  and  Scheubel;  but  the  greater 
part  of  the  work  is  on  military  matters."— Professor  De  Morgan's 
Arithmetical  Books,  Lon.,  1847,  8vo. 

"  A  most  excellent  mathematician,  a  skilful  architect,  and  a  most 
expert  surveyor  of  land." — Athen.  Oxon. 

Digges,  Leonard,  1588-1635,  grandson  of  the  pre 
ceding,  was  educated  at  University  College,  Oxford.  Ge- 
rardo;  from  the  Spanish  of  Goncalo  de  Cespades,  Lon., 
1622,  4to.  The  Rape  of  Proserpine;  from  the  Latin  of 
Claudian,  1628,  4to.  His  commendatory  verses  to  Shaks- 
peare  were  prefixed  to  the  works  of  the  latter.  See  1st 
folio,  1623;  and  Poems,  1640,  8vo. 

"  A  great  master  of  the  English  language,  a  perfect  understander 
of  the  French  and  Spanish,  a  good  poet,  and  no  mean  orator."— 
Athen.  Oxon. 

Digges,  Thomas,  d.  1595,  son  of  the. first-named 
Leonard,  and  father  of  Leonard  the  younger  and  of  Sir 
Dudley,  is  known  chiefly  as  the  editor  of  his  father's  works, 
but  pub.  several  works  of  his  own.  A  Geometrical  Trea 
tise  named  Pantometria,  by  Leonard  and  Thos.  Digges, 
Lon.,  1571,  4to;  1591,  fol.  Alee,  sive  Scalse  Mathematicse, 
1573,  4to.  Stratioticos.  See  DIGGES,  LEONARD.  Eng 
land's  Defence,  1680,  fol.  Celestial  Orbs,  1592,  4to.  Hum 
ble  Motives,  1601,  8vo.  See  Archseol.,  vol.  vi.  Nova  Cor 
pora  Regularia,  1634,  4to.  Digges  commenced  a  number 
of  works  which  were  never  finished,  in  consequence  of  his 
becoming  entangled  in  lawsuits.  The  vexations  to  which 
he  was  thus  subjected  were  too  much  for  the  philosopher's 
equanimity;  for  after  giving  us  a  catalogue  of  six  works 
which  he  had  designed  publishing,  he  thus  breaks  forth : 

"  All  these,  and  other,  long  sithens,  the  author  had  finished  and 
published,  had  not  the  infernall  furies,  enuing  such  his  ftelicitie 
and  happie  societie  with  his  mathematical  muses,  for  many  yeares 


DIL 

I  so  tormented  him  with  lawe-brables.  that  he  hath  bene  enforced 

i  to  discontinue  those  his  delectable  studies.''     See  Bliss's  Wood's 

Athen.  Oxon. ;  Stow's  Survey  of  London,  i.  71, 72,  edit.,  Lon.,  1720 ; 

Biog.  Brit. ;  Brit.  Bibliographer,  where  are  some  curious  extracts 

from  his  works. 

The  mathematical  genius  of  the  various  members  of  this 
family  is  remarkable.  It  is  supposed  that  a  spy-glass  was 
in  their  possession,  the  invention  of  which  and  the  instru 
ment  itself  were  kept  secret. 

"One of  the  most  important  names  connected  with  the  advance 
ment  of  English  mathematical  science  in  the  16th  century  is  that 
of  Digges." — PROF.  DE  MORGAN. 

Dighton,  T.     Kneeling  at  the  Sacrament,  1618. 

Dignan,  Browne,  M.D.  Essay  on  the  Political 
Principles  of  Public  Economy,  1776,  12mo. 

Dikes,  T.     1.  Serm.    2.  F.  Penitentiary,  1811. 

Diligent,  J.     Log  of  the  Cumberland,  8vo. 

Dilke,  Charles  Wentworth,  b.  1789,  the  proprietor 
and  for  many  years  editor  of  the  London  Athenaeum,  was 
formerly  a  contributor  to  the  Westminster  and  Retrospec 
tive  Reviews  and  other  periodicals.  In  1814  he  edited  a 
valuable  collection  of  Old  English  Plays,  in  6  vols.  A 
notice  of  Mr.  Dilke  will  be  found  in  Men  of  the  Time, 
Lon.,  1853,  also  in  Knight's  Eng.  Cyc. 

Dilke,  Thomas.    The  Lover's  Luck ;  a  comedy,  Lon., 

1696,  4to.     The  City  Lady,  or  Folly  Reclaimed ;  a  comedy, 

1697,  4to. 

Dill,  £.  M.,  D.D.  Ireland's  Miseries;  the  Grand 
Cause  and  Cure,  Edin.,  1852,  12mo. 

"  This  is  a  book  that  will  attract  much  attention." 

Dillaway,  Charles  K.,  late  principal  in  Boston  Latin 
School,  Mass.,  has  pub.  many  useful  educational  works. 

Dillenius,  John  James,  M,D.,  1687-1747,  an  emi 
nent  botanist,  a  native  of  Darmstadt,  settled  in  England, 
and  became  Prof,  of  Botany  in  the  University  of  Oxford. 
Catalogus  Plantarum,  &c.,  Francf.,  1718,  '19,  8vo.  An 
improved  ed.  of  Ray's  Synopsis  Stirpium  Britannicarum, 
1724.  Hortus  Elthamensis,  Ac.,  Lon.  and  Oxf.,  1732, 
2  vols.  fol. 

"  Est  opus  botanicum,  quo  absolutius  mundum  non  vidit."— 
LINNAEUS. 

Historia  Muscorum;  a  general  History  of  Land  and 
Water,  &c.  Mosses  and  Corals,  Oxon.,  1741,  2  vols.  4to. 
Dillenius  came  to  England  by  the  invitation  of  Dr.  Win. 
Sherard,  who  left  £3000  to  establish  a  botany  professor 
ship  at  Oxford,  provided  Dillenius  should  first  fill  the 
chair.  See  Biog.  Brit. ;  Pulteney's  Sketches  of  Botany  in 
Eng. ;  Stoever's  Life  of  Linnaeus ;  Rees's  Cyc. ;  Nichols's 
Lit.  Anecdotes. 

Dillingham,  Fras.     Theolog.  treatises,  1599-1617. 

Dillingham,  Wm.,  D.D.  Theolog.  and  poet,  works, 
1661-1700. 

Dillingham,  Wm.  H.,  1790-1854,  a  native  of  Lee, 
Berkshire  co.,  Mass.,  for  many  years  a  resident  of  Phila 
delphia.  Tribute  to  Peter  Collinson.  Address  and  Ora 
tions  before  various  societies,  and  many  contributions  to 
the  periodicals  of  the  day. 

Dillon,  Lord.  Rosaline  de  Vere;  a  Romance,  Lon., 
2  vols.  p.  8vo.  The  Life  and  Opinions  of  Sir  Richard  Mal- 
travers,  an  English  Gentleman  of  the  17th  Century,  2  vols. 
p.  8vo. 

"  The  original  tone  of  thinking  of  these  volumes  cannot  but 
cause  them  to  be  much  read." — New  Month.  Mag.,  1822. 

Eccelino  da  Romano ;  a  Poem,  8vo. 

"  There  is  a  richness  of  diction  and  originality  of  idea  such  as 
would  have  claimed  for  the  author  a  high  reputation  even  in  the 
best  days  of  our  national  poetry." — Lon.  New  Month.  Mag.,  Sept. 
1828. 

Dillon,  Hon.  Arthur.  A  Winter  in  Iceland  and 
Lapland,  Lon.,  1840,  2  vols.  p.  8vo. 

"  These  volumes,  full  of  information,  historical  and  descriptive, 
are  the  result  of  a  journey  not  less  creditable  to  Mr.  Dillon's  lite 
rary  character  than  his  courage.  The  history  is  a  sort  of  sea  ro 
mance." — Lon.  Atlas. 

Dillon,  Hon.  Henry  Augustus,  Viscount,  Col., 
and  M.P.  Letter  relative  to  the  Roman  Catholics  of  Ire 
land,  Lon.,  1805,  8vo.  A  Commentary  on  the  Military 
Establishments  and  Defence  of  the  British  Empire,  Lon., 
1811,  '12,  2  vols.  8vo. 

Dillon,  Sir  J.  Case  of  the  Children  of  the  Duke  of 
Sussex  elucidated;  a  Juridical  Exercitation,  Lon.,  1832, 
4to ;  of  Sir  A.  d'Este,  1832,  8vo. 

Dillon,  John  Joseph.  Legal  and  Political  treatises. 
Lon.,  1800-13. 

Dillon,  John  T.     Travels  through  Spain,  Lon.,  1780, 
4to.     This  work  treats  of  Natural  History  and  Physical 
Geography.     Letters  from  Spain,  1781,  8vo.    Art  of  Paint 
ing,  1782,  8vo.    Survey  of  the  S.  Roman  Empire,  1782,  8vo>. 
I  Hist  works,  1788,  '90.     Oxen  for  Tillage  in  competition 
with  Horses,  from  the  French  of  De  Monray,  with  Notes, 
i  1796,  8vo. 

603 


DIL 


DIS 


"  He  labours  hard,  as  all  others  on  the  same  subject,  to  establish 
L.  fallacy,  and  a  contradiction  to  the  ordinations  of  nature." — Do 
naldson's  Agricult.  Biog. 

Dillon,  R.  C.  Lectures  on  the  39  Articles,  Lon., 
12mo.  Occasional  Serms.  8vo,  20  Serins.  8vo. 

"Good  specimens  of  the  style  of  preaching  suited  to  a  polished 
audience." — Lon.  Eoangd.  Mag. 
Dillon,  Theobald.  Military  Plans,  1796. 
Dillon,  Wentworth,  Earl  of  Roscommon,  b.  in  Ire 
land  about  1633,  d.  1684,  was  a  son  of  James,  third  Earl 
of  Roscommon,  by  Elizabeth  Wentworth,  sister  of  the  great 
Earl  of  Strafford.  He  studied  for  some  time  at  the  Pro 
testant  University  of  Caen,  in  Normandy,  under  Bochart, 
subsequently  resided  at  Rome,  returned  to  Ireland,  and 
finally  settled  in  London,  where  he  was  made  master  of 
the  horse  to  the  Duchess  of  York,  and  married  the  widow 
of  Colonel  Courtney,  a  daughter  to  the  Earl  of  Burlington. 
He  died  in  1684  of  an  attack  of  the  gout,  repeating  with 
great  energy  at  the  moment  of  his  departure  two  lines  of 
his  own  version  of  Dies  Iras : 

"  My  God,  my  Father,  and  my  Friend, 

Do  not  forsake  me  in  my  end!" 

Essay  on  Translated  Verse,  1684,  4to.  Works,  1700, 
8vo;  with  those  of  Rochester,  1709,  8vo.  New  ed.  of  his 
Works,  with  an  Essay  on  Poetry  by  the  Earl  of  Mulgrave 
and  Duke  of  Buckingham,  together  with  Poems  by  Mr. 
Richard  Duke,  1717,  8vo.  And  his  poems  will  be  found 
in  Johnson's  and  Chalmers's  Collection  of  the  Poets.  They 
are  few  in  number,  but  have  considerable  merit.  His  Es 
say  on  Translated  Verse  and  his  trans,  of  Horace's  Art  of 
Poetry  have  been  highly  commended.  But  no  praise  can 
be  higher  than  that  which  Pope  allows  him — of  being  the 
only  moral  writer  of  King  Charles's  reign : 

"  Unhappy  Dryden !  in  all  Charles's  days, 
Roscommon  only  boasts  unspotted  lays." 

"  It  was  my  Lord  Roscommon's  Essay  on  Translated  Verse  which 
made  me  uneasy  till  I  tried  whether  or  no  I  was  capable  of  follow 
ing  his  rules,  and  of  reducing  the  speculation  into  practice." — 
DRYDEN  :  Pref.  to  his  Miscellanies. 

"  In  the  writings  of  this  nobleman  we  view  the  image  of  a  mind 
naturally  serious  and  solid ;  richly  furnished  and  adorned  with  all 
the  ornaments  of  art  and  science ;  and  those  ornaments  unaffect 
edly  disposed  in  the  most  regular  and  elegant  order." — FENTON. 

"  Of  Roscommon's  works  the  judgment  of  the  public  seems  to 
be  right.    He  is  elegant,  but  not  great;   he  never  labours  after 
exquisite  beauties,  but  he  seldom  falls  into  gross  faults.    His  ver 
sification  is  smooth,  but  rarely  righteous,  and  his  rhymes  are  re 
markably  exact.    He  improved  taste,  if  he  did  not  enlarge  know 
ledge,  and  may  be  mentioned  among  the  benefactors  to  English 
literature.  ...  He  is  perhaps  the  only  correct  writer  in  verse  be 
fore  Addison." — Dr.  Johnson's  Life  of  Roscommon. 
"  Roscommon  not  more  learned  than  good, 
With  manners  generous  as  his  noble  blood ; 
To  him  the  wit  of  Greece  and  Rome  was  known, 
And  every  author's  merits  but  his  own." — POPE. 
"  Roscommon  fills  with  elegant  remark 
His  verse  as  elegant;  unspotted  lines 
Flow  from  a  mind  unspotted  as  themselves." — 

Hurdis's  Village  Curate. 

Dillwyn,  Lewis  W.  Synopsis  of  the  Brit.  Confervae, 
Lon.,  1802-09,  4to.  Botanist's  Guide  through  England 
and  Wales ;  by  D.  Turner  and  L.  W.  D.  Cat.  of  Plants 
near  Dover ;  Trans.  Linn.  Soc.,  1802.  Cat.  of  recent  shells, 
1817,  2  vols.  8vo.  See  LISTER,  MARTIN,  M.D. 

Di  1  worth,  Thomas,  d.  1780.  Book-Keeper's  Assist., 
8vo ;  Schoolmaster's  do.,  12mo.  Arithmetic,  12mo ;  Com 
pendium  of  do,  1752,  12mo.  Guide  to  English  Tongue, 
1761,  12mo.  These  were  long  popular. 

Dimock,  Henry.  Serm.,  Oxf.,  1783,  4to.  Notes  on 
the  Psalms  and  Proverbs,  Glouces.,  1791,  4to;  do.  on  Ge 
nesis,  Exodus,  Isaiah,  Jeremiah,  Ezekiel,  Daniel,  and  the 
Minor  Prophets,  1804,  4to. 

"Almost  entirely  critical.  .  .  .  The  work,  on  the  whole,  does 
credit  to  the  learning  of  the  author,  and  affords  some  aid  in  inter 
preting  the  Bible."—  Orme's  Bibl.  Bib. 

Dimond,  Wm«,  the  Younger, wrote  a  number  of  poems 
and  dramatic  pieces,  1800-13.  See  Biog.  Dramat. 

Dimsdale,  Thomas,  Baron,  M.D.,  1718-1800,  a  cele 
brated  inoculator  for  the  small-pox,  pub.  several  treatises 
upon  the  subject,  1767-81,  some  of  which  formed  part  of 
a  controversy  between  the  author  and  M.  Lettsom.  See 
BLAKE,  JOHN.  Dr.  Dimsdale  was  created  Baron  of  the 
Empire  by  the  Empress  of  Russia  for  his  success  in  ino 
culating  her  Majesty  and  the  Grand  Duke.  See  Gent 
Mag.,  Ixxi.,  Ixxxviii.,  209,  669. 

Dine,  Win.     Poems  on  several  occasions,  1771,  8vo. 
Dinely,  Sir  John.    Methods  to  get  Husbands.    Mea 
sure  in  Words  and  Syllables,  1793,  8vo. 

Dingley,  Robert,  1619-1659,  a  Puritan  divine,  Rec 
tor  of  Brixton.  Spiritual  Taste  described,  Lon.,  1649,  8vo. 
Deputation  of  Angels,  1654,  8vo.  Divine  Optics.  1655 
8vo.  Thunder,  1658,  12mo. 

Dingley,  Robert.     Gems  and  Precious  Stones,  par- 
•Dp 


ticularly  such  as  the  Ancients  used  to  engrave  on  :  Phil 
Trans.,  1747. 

Dingley,  Somcrville.  App.  to  14th  ed.  of  Burns's 
Justice  of  the  Peace,  Lon.,  1785,  8vo.  Parish  Officer's 
Companion,  1786,  12mo. 

Dingley,  Wm.     Serm.  Oxon.,  1713,  8vo. 

Dinmore,  Richard.    English  Jacobins,  1796,  8vo. 

Dinnies,  Mrs.  Anna  Peyre,  a  daughter  of  Judge 
Shackleford  of  South  Carolina,  was  married  in  1830  to 
Mr.  John  C.  Dinnies,  then  of  St.  Louis,  now  of  New  Or 
leans.  Mrs.  Dinnies  has  contributed  largely  to  the  pe 
riodicals  of  the  day  under  the  signature  of  "  Moina."  In 
1846  she  pub.  in  a  vol.,  entitled  The  Floral  Year,  "  one 
hundred  compositions  arranged  in  twelve  groups  to  illus 
trate  that  number  of  bouquets  gathered  in  the  different 
months." 

"  Her  pieces  celebrating  the  domestic  affections  are  marked  by 
unusual  grace  and  tenderness,  and  some  of  them  are  worthy  of 
the  most  elegant  poets."— DR.  R.  W.  GRISWOLD  :  Female,  Poets  of 
America,  q.  v.  for  specimens  of  her  compositions. 

"  The  holy  fire  of  poesy  burns  pure  and  bright  in  her  own  heart, 
and  she  cherishes  it  to  illuminate  and  bless  her  own  hearth." — 
Mrs.  Hole's  Wbmarf-s  Record. 

Dinsdale,  Joshua.     Serm.,  1740,  8vo. 

Dinsmore,  Robert,  b.  1757,  in  Windham,  N.H.  In 
cidental  Poems,  accompanied  with  Letters  and  a  few  Select 
Pieces,  mostly  Original,  &c. ;  with  a  Sketch  of  the  Author's 
Life,  Haverhill,  Mass.,  1828. 

Dinwooddie,  Robertas.  De  Morbis  Spontaneis  ex 
Acido  Humore  oriundus,  Lugd.  Bat.,  1730,  4to. 

Dirom,  Alex.,  Major,  <fcc.  A  Narrative  of  the  Cam 
paign  in  India,  Lon.,  1793,  4to. 

"A  very  amusing  and  entertaining  detail  of  the  operations 
which  closed  the  late  Indian  war  in  1792." 

Corn  Laws;  with  a  Supp.  by  W.  Mackie,  1796,  4to. 
Plans  for  the  Defence  of  G.  Britain  and  Ireland,  1797,  8vo. 

Dirrill,  Charles.     Shakspeare's  Tempest,  1797. 

Disbrowe,  J.   Lett,  to  the  Speaker  of  ParL,  1659,  4to. 

Disney,  Alex.     Christian  Holiness,  1800. 

Disney,  David.     God's  People,  Edin.,  1764. 

Disney,  John,  1677-1730,  an  excellent  magistrate, 
who  turned  divine  in  1719;  Vicar  of  St.  Mary,  Notting 
ham,  1722.  Penal  Laws,  Lon.,  1700,  8vo.  Primitae  Sa 
cra,  1701,  8vo.  View  of  Ancient  Laws  against  Immo 
rality  and  Prophaneness,  Camb.,  1729,  fol. :  this  is  a  new 
ed.  of  two  Essays  pub.  1708,  '10,  8vo.  Genealogy  of  the 
House  of  Brunswick-Lunenburg,  1714.  Flora,  and  the 
Trans,  of  Mr.  Gardiner,  3d  ed.,  1728,  8vo.  Serms.,  &c., 
1711-27. 

Disney,  John,  D.D.,  1746-1816,  Chaplain  to  Bishop 
Law,  and  Vicar  of  Swinderley,  subsequently  joined  the 
Unitarians.  He  pub.  many  serms.,  theolog.  treatises,  &c., 
1781-1812.  Memoirs  of  Dr.  Sykes,  1785,  8vo ;  of  Dr.  Jor- 
tin,  1792,  8vo;  of  T.  H.  Hollis,  1780,  2  vols.,  4to;  new 
ed.,  1808,  4to.  Serms.,  1793-1816,  4  vols.  8vo. 

"  The  style  is  generally  clear,  perspicuous,  and  well  suited  to 
common  capacities." — British  Critic. 

Disney,  John.  Laws  of  Gaming,  Horse  Racing,  <fec., 
Lon.,  1806,  '09,  8vo.  Abridgt.  of  Election  Law,  1812,  8vo. 
Acts  of  Parliament  rel.  to  Co.  and  Bor.  Elections,  1820, 
8vo.  5  Letters  to  Sir  S.  Romilly,  resp.  the  Penal  Laws, 
1810,  8vo.  Dodson's  Life  of  Sir  M.  Foster,  1812,  8vo. 

Disney,  John.  Museum  Disneianum ;  3  parts,  r.  4to, 
Lon.,  1848-49.  127  Illustrations,  engraved  by  George  Mea- 
som,  £4  14«.  6d.  This  fine  collection  is  now  in  the  Fitz- 
william  Museum,  Cambridge,  England;  it  has  been  long 
known  and  prized  by  the  Archaeologist,  and  won  the  en 
comiums  of  Flaxman,  Westmacott,  Sir  H.  Ellis,  <fec. 

"  They  are  illustrated  in  a  manner  which  every  one  must  allow 
gives  ample  evidence  of  the  learning  and  elegance  of  mind  of  their 
accomplished  author." — Lon.  Classical  Museum,  April,  1849. 

"  The  antiquarian  and  the  lover  of  the  curiosities  of  by-gone 
ages  will  find  in  this  book  much  to  amuse  and  instruct  him."— 
Lon.  Art  Journal,  Sept.  1848. 

Disney,  Samuel.     Discourses,  Lon.,  1788,  8vo. 

Disney,  W.,  D.D.     Serm.,  Ac.,  1790,  1800. 

Disraeli,  Rt.  Hon.  Benjamin,  b.  in  London,  1805, 
is  a  son  of  Isaac  Disraeli,  author  of  the  Curiosities  of  Lite 
rature,  <fcc.,  (v.post.)  When  18  years  of  age  he  visited 
Germany,  and  on  his  return  pub.  Vivian  Grey,  1826, 2  vols. ; 
1827,  continued,  3  vols. 

"  The  history  of  an  ambitious  young  man  of  rank,  who,  by  dint 
of  talent,  personal  advantages,  and  audacity,  becomes  the  dictator 
of  certain  circles  in  high  life,  some  of  the  recent  occurrences  and 
actors  in  which  he  has  taken  the  liberty  to  describe  with  great 
freedom.  Decidedly  the  cleverest  production  of  the  class  to  which 
it  belongs." — London  Magazine. 

|  "  We  hail  the  author  as  a  master  in  his  art :  and  we  may  venture 
j  to  appeal  to  the  work  he  has  produced,  as  at  once  a  prognostic  and 
!  accomplishment  of  original  invention, — that  rare  faculty  in  the 
.  genius  of  this  age." 


DIS 

"These  volumes  abound  with  passages  not  surpassed  for  their 
beauty  in  our  literature.  Delicacy  and  sweetness  are  mingled  with 
impressive  eloquence  and  energetic  truth.  The  magic  of  the  style 
simply  consists  in  the  emotions  of  the  writer.  He  is  a  thinker  who 
makes  others  think ;  and  these  volumes  will  be  reperused  at  inter 
vals  with  the  delight  of  novelty." 

"  We  must  allow  that  the  author  has  copied  with  considerable 
fidelity  the  tone  of  drawing-room  life,  and  transmitted  to  us  with 
great  truth,  by  means  of  a  few  felicitous  strokes,  a  number  of  por 
traits,  which  will  easily  be  recognised  as  resemblances  of  living 
originals." — Lon.  Monthly  Review,  July,  1826. 

In  1826  Mr.  Disraeli  visited  Italy  and  Greece.  In  1831 
he  was  a  candidate — on  the  Radical  side — for  the  borough 
of  Wycombe,  and  he  lost  the  election  in  two  contests.  He 
was  a  candidate  in  1835  as  a  Conservative  for  the  borough 
of  Taunton,  and  fared  no  better  than  before;  but  in  1837 
he  was  returned  to  Parliament  as  a  Tory  for  the  borough  of 
Maidstone.  In  1841  he  was  returned  for  Shrewsbury;  in 
1843  he  supported  Peel,  but  in  the  three  following  sessions 
was  his  bitter  opponent  and  an  advocate  of  Protection. 

Upon  the  formation  of  Lord  Derby's  ministry  in  1852, 
Disraeli  became  Chancellor  of  the  Exchequer,  and  held 
that  position  for  nine  months.  Since  his  retirement  he 
has  distinguished  himself  by  parliamentary  opposition  to 
Whigs  and  Peelites. 

Familiar  with  those  scenes  of  life  in  which  readers  are 
the  most  interested,  possessing  a  highly  imaginative  cast 
of  mind  and  descriptive  powers  of  no  common  order,  it  is 
no  marvel  that  the  author  of  Vivian  Grey  should  be  one 
of  the  most  popular  writers  of  his  time. 

We  enumerate  Mr.  Disraeli's  other  productions.  2. 
Voyage  of  Capt,  Popanilla,  1828.  3.  The  Young  Duke, 
1831.  4.  England  and  France.  5.  Contarini  Fleming, 
1833.  6.  Alroy,  the  Wondrous  Tale,  and  The  Rise  of 
Iskander,  1833.  7.  The  Revolutionary  Epic;  a  Poem,  1834, 
4to.  8.  The  Crisis  Examined,  1834.  9.  Vindication  of  the 
English  Constitution,  1834.  10.  Letters  of  Runnymede, 
1836.  11.  Henrietta  Temple,  1836;  last  ed.,  1857.  12. 
Venetia,  1837.  13.  Alcaros;  a  Tragedy,  1839.  14.  Con- 
ingsby ;  or,  The  New  Generation,  1844. 

"  In  whatever  point  of  view  we  examine  this  work,  it  commands 
unmixed  admiration.  It  is  admirable  as  a  novel  of  real  life,  as  a 
picture  of  English  society,  as  an  exposition  of  political  parties  and 
principles,  as  a  gallery  of  living  portraits.  The  recommendation 
of  such  a  novel  to  our  readers  would  be  a  work  of  supererogation. 
Everybody  will  read  it." — Court  Journal. 

15.  Sibyl ;  or,  The  New  Nation,  1845. 

"  Few  will  read  the  volumes  for  either  the  story  or  the  plot." — 
Brit.  Quar.  Rev.,  ii.  172. 

16.  Ixion  in  Heaven.     17.  Tancred ;  or,  The  New  Cru 
sade,  1847. 

"It  is  full  of  charming  effects  of  style  and  fine  delineations, 
when  living  characters  are  no  longer  the  subjects.  The  descrip 
tions  of  Oriental  life  are  only  to  be  compared  with  those  of  Anas- 
tasius  or  Eothen."— Edin.  Review,  Ixxxvi.  153. 

"  For  our  own  part,  we  cannot  see  any  use  that  is  to  be  answered 
by  such  books  as  Tancred.  It  is  as  dumb  as  the  poor  choked 
hunchback  in  the  Arabian  Nights,  when  we  ask  what  its  business 
is.  There  are  no  characters  in  it.  There  is  no  dramatic  interest, 
none  of  plot  or  incident.  .  .  .  Moralists  tell  us,  that  every  man  is 
bound  to  sustain  his  share  in  the  weight  of  the  world's  sorrows 
and  trials,  and  we  honestly  feel  as  if  we  had  done  our  part  by  read 
ing  Tancred."— J.  R.  LOWELL,  in  North  Amer.  Review,  Ixv.  223. 

18.  Lord  George  Bentinck,  a  Polit.  Biog.,  5th  ed.,  1852. 

"  In  this  most  interesting  volume  Mr.  Disraeli  has  not  only  added 
to  his  reputation,  but  we  verily  believe  must  increase  his  influence 
even  as  a  politician." — Dubl.  Univ.  Magazine. 

"This  biography  cannot  fail  to  attract  the  deep  attention  of  the 
public.  We  are  bound  to  say,  that  as  a  political  biography,  we 
have  rarely,  if  ever,  met  with  a  book  more  dextrously  bandied,  or 
more  replete  with  interest."— Elackwootfs  Magazine. 

An  ed.  of  his  works  was  pub.  in  1853 ;  and  the  last  ed., 
in  10  vols.  p.  8vo, — comprising  Nos.  1,  3,  5,  6,  11,  12,  14, 
15,  16,  17,  supra, — appeared  in  1857. 

We  are  also  indebted  to  Mr.  Disraeli  for  a  new  ed.  of  Mr. 
Isaac  Disraeli's  valuable  Commentaries  on  the  Life  and 
Reign  of  King  Charles  I.,  1851,  2  vols.  8vo ;  and  he  is 
now  (1858)  engaged  in  editing  a  new  uniform  ed.  of  his 
father's  Works,  with  a  Memoir  and  Notes. 

"  The  years  between  Vivian  Grey  and  Tancred  have  not  been 
spent  idly  by  Mr.  Disraeli.  He  has  written  many  works  of  fiction, 
all,  we  believe,  successful,  and  some  of  them  among  the  best  of 
their  tune :  some  verse,  in  which  he  has  rather  tried  than  exercised 
his  powers ;  and  political  essays,  anonymous,  but  acknowledged, 
in  which  the  thing  to  be  said  was  evidently  much  less  valued  than 
the  manner  of  saying  it.  The  Adventures  of  Captain  Popanilla 
deserve  to  be  remembered  as  an  admirable  adaptation  of  Gulliver 
to  later  circumstances ;  and  the  Wondrous  Tale  of  Alroy  is  a  most 
imaginative  attempt  to  naturalize  in  our  language  that  rhymed 
and  assonant  prose  which  has  so  great  a  charm  for  Eastern  ears, 
but  which  with  us  will  scarcely  win  more  admirers  than  have 
been  gained  by  the  attempts  at  English  hexameters."— Edin.  Re 
view,  Ixxxvi.  139. 

See  a  Critical  Biog.  of  Mr.  Disraeli  by  G.  H.  Francis, 
Lon.,  1852,  12mo. 

Disraeli,  Isaac,  1766-1848,  father  of  the  preceding, 


DIS 

and  son  of  a  Venetian  merchant  of  Jewish  extraction,  was 
a  native  of  Enfield,  near  London.  He  was  educated  at 
Amsterdam  and  Leyden,  and  travelled  for  some  time  in 
various  parts  of  the  Continent.  Inheriting  a  handsome 
fortune,  which  gave  him  the  command  of  his  time,  and 
possessing  a  strong  attachment  to  literary  investigations, 
we  need  not  be  surprised  that  this  gentleman  contributed 
so  much  valuable  matter  to  the  literature  of  his  age.  Two 
interesting  letters  of  the  young  aspirant  for  literary  honours 
and  usefulness  will  be  found  in  the  Gent.  Mag. :  they  are 
addressed  to  the  Rev.  Dr.  Vicesimus  Knox,  and  bear  the 
date  of  1786.  In  December  of  the  same  year  he  pub.  in 
the  Gent.  Mag.,  Remarks  on  the  Biographical  Accounts  of 
the  late  Samuel  Johnson,  LL.D.,  with  an  attempt  to  vin 
dicate  his  character  from  late  misrepresentations,  signed 
I.  D.  I. 

The  youthful  author  made  some  attempts  at  poetry,  but 
soon  satisfied  himself  that  he  was  not  to  look  for  distinc 
tion  in  this  sphere.  In  1790  he  pub.  A  Defence  of  Poetry, 
with  a  Specimen  of  a  New  Version  of  Telemachus,  4to,  and 
in  1803  a  volume  of  Narrative  Poems,  4to.  Some  of  his 
poetical  effusions  will  be  found  in  the  Gent.  Mag.,  Ixxi. 
446,  and  in  the  vol.  entitled  The  Claims  of  Literature. 

Curiosities  of  Literature,  vol.  i.,  1791;  vol.  ii.,  1793;  2d 
ed.,  1794,  8vo ;  subsequently  enlarged  to  3  vols.,  (3d  vol., 
1817 ;)  2d  series,  1823.  The  later  impressions  were  en 
larged  and  improved;  the  12th  ed.  was  pub.  in  1841,  and 
the  14th  in  1850.  A  Dissertation  on  Anecdotes,  1793,  8vo. 
Essay  on  the  Manners  and  Genius  of  the  Literary  Cha 
racter,  1795,  8vo.  Miscellanies ;  or  Literary  Recreations, 
1796,  8vo.  Vaurien,  a  Satirical  Novel,  1797;  anon.  Ro 
mances,  1799, 8vo.  Flim  Flams ;  or  the  Life  of  My  Uncle, 
<fcc.,  1805,  3  vols.  12mo.  Calamities  of  Authors,  1812/13, 
2  vols.  8vo.  Quarrels  of  Authors,  1814,  3  vols.  8vo.  In 
quiry  into  the  Literary  and  Political  Character  of  King 
James  the  First,  1816,  8vo.  Commentaries  on  the  Life 
and  Reign  of  King  Charles  I.,  1828-31,  5  vols.  8vo;  and 
a  sequel.  Eliot,  Hampden,  and  Pym,  1832.  The  Genius 
of  Judaism,  1833,  p.  8vo.  Amenities  of  Literature,  1841, 
8vo.  This  work  was  intended  as  part  of  an  extensive  sur 
vey  of  English  Literature,  but  partial  blindness,  induced 
by  long-continued  application,  prevented  the  completion 
of  this  praiseworthy  design. 

But  Mr.  Disraeli  did  enough  to  entitle  him  to  the  lasting 
gratitude  of  posterity.  No  lover  of  letters,  old  or  young, 
should  be  without  the  following  volumes : 

Curiosities  of  Literature,  new  ed.,  with  Life,  Lon.,  1851, 
r.  8vp.  An  edit,  in  3  vols.  8vo,  with  Life  of  the  Author 
by  his  son,  (see  DISRAELI,  RT.  HON.  BENJAMIN  ;)  new  ed., 
with  Life  by  his  son,  Bost.,  1858,  4  vols.  8vo.  Miscellanies 
of  Literature;  consisting  of:  1.  Literary  Miscellanies ;  2. 
Calamities  of  Authors ;  3.  Quarrels  of  Authors ;  4.  Charac 
ter  of  James  I. ;  5.  The  Literary  Character,  1840,  r.  8vo. 
Amenities  of  Literature ;  2d  ed.,  1842,  3  vols.  8vo.  The  Life 
and  Reign  of  Charles  I. ;  a  new  ed.,  revised  by  B.  Disraeli, 
Esq.,  1851,  2  vols.  8vo.  Our  author  pub.  many  articles  in 
the  Gent.  Mag.,  and  was  a  contrib.  to  Nichols's  Lit.  Anec. 

In  1837  Mr.  Bolton  Corney  pub.  a  vol.  entitled  Curiosities 
of  Literature  Illlustrated,  in  which  grave  charges  are  ad 
duced  against  Mr.  Disraeli's  literary  character.  We  have 
already  referred  to  this  vol.,(see  CORNEY,  BOLTON,)  and  shall 
not  here  enter  into  any  examination  of  the  justice  of  these 
imputations. 

We  conclude  with  the  quotation  of  some  opinions  upon 
Mr.  Disraeli's  literary  merits. 

Calamities  of  Authors. 

"  The  middle  of  the  book  is  much  better  than  the  two  ends:  it 
is  one  of  those  works  which  are  designed  for  the  breakfast-table 
and  the  sofa,  and  is  so  well  adapted,  for  its  purpose,  that  he  who 
takes  it  up  will  not  readily  lay  it  down.  The  matter  is  as  amus 
ing  as  any  lover  of  light  reading  can  desire,  and  of  such  a  desul 
tory  kind  that  a  comment  might  easily  be  made  as  extensive  as  the 
text."— ROBERT  SOUTHEY,  in  Lon.  Quar.  Review,  viii.  93, 1812. 

"  That  it  will  tend  to  meliorate  the  condition  of  authors,  or  deter 
a  single  young  man,  of  scribbling  propensities,  from  rushing  into  a 
profession  so  unprofitable,  is  rather  to  be  hoped  than  expected." — 
British  Critic,  xlvi.  12. 

Commentaries  on  the  Life  and  Reign  of  Charles  the 
First,  vols.  iii.  and  iv.,  1830. 

"  Mr.  Disraeli  seems  not  to  have  considered  how  much  easier  it 
is  to  accumulate  great  masses  of  materials  than  to  impart  to  them 
a  harmonious  form.  Almost  any  artist  in  marble  can  imitate  the 
face;  but  to  give  it  the  divine  art  of  life  belongs  only  to  a  Canova 
or  a  Chantrey. 

"  We  do  not  know  how  we  can  better  convey  to  the  reader  our 
opinion  of  these  volumes  than  by  comparing  them  to  the  frag 
ments  of  a  broken  mirror,  reflecting  an  infinity  of  small  objects. 
We  perceive  no  master  hand  selecting  the  more  precious  materials, 
and  disposing  them  according  to  a  felicitous  design."— -ton.  Monthly 
Review,  cxxiii.  195,  1830. 

"  By  far  the  most  important  work  upon  the  important  age  of 

605 


DIS 


DIX 


Charles  I.  that  modern  times  have  produced.  .  .  .  The  well-known 
spirit  of  research  of  the  author,  and  his  acquaintance  with  the 
sources  of  secret  history,  have  produced  a  work  which  we  hesitate 
not  to  call  indispensable  for  all  desirous  of  forming  an  accurate  | 
judgment  of  the  period  of  history  it  embraces." — Lon.  Quar.  Rev.  \ 
"  The  present  is  another  delightful  book  added  to  the  former  pro  j 
ductions  of  this  esteemed  writer,  full  not  merely  of  his  usual  plea- 
sant  gossip  of  the  olden  time,  but  of  curious  personal  political  his-  j 
tory.    It  is  calculated  to  throw  an  impartial  light  upon  the  leading  i 
events  in  the  reign  of  the  first  Charles — a  reign  more  resembling 
a  romantic  tale,  or  a  tragic  drama,  than  almost  any  period  which 
could  be  selected  out  of  the  history  of  any  nation."— ion.  Literary 
Gazette. 

New  Series  of  the  Curiosities  of  Literature,  1823,  3  vols. 
"  We  fear  not  to  say,  that  NO  MAN  who  has  perused  these  volumes 
attentively,  can  Ml  to  be  a  great,  a  very  great  deal  more  knowing 
than  he  was  when  he  began ;  and  that  the  fault  must  be  entirely 
his  own,  if  he  be  not  also  a  great  deal  wiser." — Blackwood's  Maga 
zine,  xiii.  163,  1823. 

"  The  numerous  editions  which  have  been  printed  of  the  Curiosi 
ties  of  Literature,  amply  attest  the  value  of  this  instructive  and  j 
amusing  work  on  literary  history  and  criticism." — T.  H.  HORNE  : 
Introduc.  to  Bibliography,  412. 

"  Mr.  Disraeli,  from  whose  works  the  best-informed  reader  may 
learn  much."— ROBERT  SOUTHEY. 

"  His  works  must  live  in  honour,  and  in  freshness,  as  long  as 
our  history  and  literature  survive,  and  no  man  will  turn  over  their 
three  hundred  years  hence,  without  saying  to  himself, — 
was  a  man  of  indefatigable  zeal,  of  elegant  feelings,  and, 
above  all,  of  lofty  purity  of  character.' " — Slackwood's  Magazine, 
xiii.  163,  1823.  ' 

"  Mr.  Disraeli  is  and  deserves  to  be  a  popular  writer :  his  senti 
ments  are  liberal ;  his  topics  are  various ;  his  illustrations  display 
command  of  reading ;  and  his  style  is  lively  and  poignant.  Few 
writers  instruct  so  amusingly  and  amuse  so  instructively." — Lon. 
Monthly  Review. 

"  He  is  one  of  the  most  learned,  intelligent,  lively,  and  agreeable 
authors  of  our  era;  he  has  composed  a  series  of  works,  which, 
while  they  shed  abundance  of  light  on  the  character  and  condition 
of  literary  men,  and  show  us  the  state  of  genius  in  this  land,  have 
all  the  attractions  for  general  readers  of  the  best  romances.  .  .  . 
I  see  it  intimated  that  Disraeli  has  the  History  of  British  Litera 
ture  in  contemplation ;  he  cannot  do  a  more  acceptable  service  to 
the  republic  of  letters,  than  write  it." — ALLAN  CUNNINGHAM  :  Biog. 
and  Grit.  Hist,  of  the  Lit.  of  the  last  Fifty  Tears,  1853. 

The  distinguished  author  whose  testimony  shall  con 
clude  our  article  profited  greatly  by  the  works  whose  merit 
he  thus  handsomely  acknowledges  : 

"  That  most  entertaining  and  searching  writer,  Disraeli,  whose 
works  in  general  I  have  read  oftener  than  perhaps  those  of  any 
other  English  writer  whatever."— LORD  BYRON. 

New  eds.  of  the  Curiosities  of  Literature,  Calamities  of 
Authors,  Quarrels  of  Authors,  and  Miscellanies,  all  revised, 
with  Additional  Notes,  by  the  Rt.  Hon.  the  Chancellor  of 
the  Exchequer,  (Sir  George  Cornewall  Lewis,)  are  an 
nounced  (1858)  for  immediate  publication. 

Distimiell,  Josiah.  Serm.,  Lon.,  1791,  4to. 
Ditton,  Humphrey,  1675-1715,  a  mathematician  of 
considerable  eminence,  a  native  of  Salisbury,  was  elected 
Mathematical  Master  of  Christ's  Hospital  principally  by 
the  influence  of  Sir  Isaac  Newton.  Laws  of  Nature  and 
Motion,  Lon.,  1705,  8vo.  Fluxions,  1706,  8vo.  Synopsis 
Algebraicum  of  Helvetius,  with  addits.,  &c.,  1709.  Per 
spective,  1712,  8vo. 

"This  gave  the  first  hints  of  the  new  method  afterwards  en 
larged  upon  and  improved  by  Dr.  Brook  Taylor ;  and  which  was 
published  in  1715." 

Other  mathemat.  works,  and  the  following  theolog.  trea 
tise,  which  has  been  highly  commended  and  trans,  into 
several  languages:  A  Discourse  concerning  the  Resurrec 
tion  of  Jesus  Christ,  in  three  parts,  with  an  Appendix, 
1712,  8vo;  5th  ed.,  1740,  8vo. 

"  In  this  discourse  the  most  solid  reasoning  on  the  subject  of  the 
resurrection  will  be  found." — BISHOP  WATSON. 

"  The  two  treatises  of  Humphrey  Ditton  and  Gilbert  West  deserve 
particular  attention."— Dr.  Kippis's  Note  in  Doddridge's  Lectures. 
"  He  states  the  nature  of  moral  evidence,  and  alleges,  with  much 
force,  the  proofs  of  the  fact  of  the  Saviour's  resurrection." — Orme's 
Bibl.  Sib.  See  Biog.  Brit.;  Whiston's  Memoirs;  Gospel  Mag.,  1777. 
Dix,  Dorothea  L.,  a  zealous  philanthropist,  a  native 
of  Massachusetts,  who  has  done  much  to  ameliorate  the 
condition  of  the  prisoner  and  the  lunatic,  has  pub.  several 
works  anonymously,  among  which  are  The  Garland  of 
Flora;  Conversations  about  Common  Things;  Alice  and 
Ruth;  Private  Hours;  tracts  for  prisoners,  Ac. 

Dix,  Henry.  Art  of  Brachygraphy,  Lon.,  1641,  8vo  ; 
and  an  edit.,  1633.  This  system  of  short-hand  resembles 
Willis's. 

Dix,  John.  Lays  of  Home,  Lon.  Local  Legends, 
1839,  fp.  8vo.  Progress  of  Intemperance,  1839,  ob.  fol. 
Life  of  Thomas  Chatterton,  1837,  fp.  8vo ;  1851.  We  have 
noticed  this  vol.  under  CHATTERTON,  THOMAS. 

Dix,  John  A.  Resources  of  the  City  of  N.  York,  N. 
York,  1827,  8vo.  Decisions  of  the  Supt.  of  Com.  Schools, 
N.  York,  and  Laws  relating  to  C.  Schools,  Albany,  1837, 
8vo.  A  Winter  in  Madeira,  and  a  Summer  in  Spain  and 
Florence,  N.  York,  1851,  12mo;  1855. 
506 


Dix,  John  H.,  M.D.,  of  Boston,  Mass.  Strabismus, 
Phila.,  1841.  Morbid  sensibility  of  the  Retina,  Boston, 
1849,  12mo.  Changes  of  the  Blood  in  Disease;  trans, 
from  the  French  of  M.  Gibert,  Phila.,  8vo. 

"  The  treatise  of  M.  Gibert  is  elaborate,  and  exhibits  a  very  good 
view  of  the  relation  of  the  blood  to  the  morbid  conditions  of  the 
system." — Western  Lancet. 

Dix,  Thomas.  Land  Surveying,  Lon.,  1799,  8vo. 
Maps,  1805,  8vo.  Juvenile  Atlas,  1811,  4to. 

Dix,  Wm.  S.  Grain  Machine,  1797,  4to.  See  Do 
naldson's  Agricult.  Biog.,  82. 

Dixon,  Rev.  Edmund  Saul.  Dovecote,  &c.,  Lon., 
1851,  '53-54,  12mo.  Ornamental  and  Domestic  Poultry, 
1848,  '58,  12mo. 

Dixon,  Fletcher.  Serm.,  <fcc.,  1792,  '93. 
Dixon,  Frederick.  Geology  and  Fossils  of  the  Ter 
tiary  and  Cretaceous  Formations  of  Sussex ;  edited  by  Prof* 
Owen,  assisted  by  Professors  Forbes,  Bell,  Mr.  Lonsdale* 
Ac.,  Lon.,  1850,  r.  4to.  This  valuable  work  contains  muck 
general  information  respecting  the  geology  of  England. 

Dixon,  Capt.  George.    Voyage  round  the  World* 
but  more  particularly  to  the  N.  W.  Coast  of  America,  1785^ 
88,  Lon.,  1789,  4to.     Voyage  of  Meares,  1790,  4to ;  further, 
do.,  1791,  4to.     Navigator's  Assistant,  1791,  12mo. 
Dixon,  Henry.    Moral  Essays,  *.  I.  et  a. 
Dixon,  John.     Letters  on  Fisheries,  1802,  4to. 
Dixon,  Joseph,  M  D.     Con.  to  Med.  Com.,  1785. 
Dixon,  Joseph,  D.D.,  R.C.  Archbishop  of  Armagh. 
A  General  Introduc.  to  the  Sacred  Scriptures;  repub.,  Bal 
timore,  1853,  2  vols.  8vo. 

"  Dr.  Dixon  has  given  us  the  first  Catholic  Introduction  to  Scrip 
ture  which  has  appeared  in  our  language,  and  has  performed  his 
task  in  a  manner  that  reflects  high  credit  on  the  office  which  he 
holds,  and  the  place  in  which  he  occupies  it." — Dublin  Review. 

Dixon,  Joshua,  M.D.  The  Literary  Life  of  Wm. 
Brownrigg,  M.D.,  1801,  8vo. 

Dixon,  Joshua.    Church  Catechism  Illustrated,  6th 
ed.,  Lon.,  1841,  18mo.     It  contains  4000  Scripture  refer 
ences,  and  is  an  invaluable  assistant  to  the  Sunday-school 
teacher.     Repub.  in  Boston.     Revised  and  adapted  to  the 
Liturgy  of  the  Church  in  America  by  Rev.  George  A.  Smith. 
Dixon,  R.    Law  relative  to  Title  Deeds  and  other  Docu 
ments,  Lon.,  1826,  2  vols.  8vo.     New  Code  relating  to  Real 
Property,  1827,  8vo. 
Dixon,  Richard.     Serm.,  1812,  4to. 
Dixon,  Robert,  B.D.     Consanguinity  and  Affinity, 
Lon.,  1674,  8vo.     Nature  of  the  two  Testaments,  1676,  fol. 
Dixon,  Robert.  Canidia,  or  the  Witches,  a  (Poetical) 
Rhapsody  in  five  parts,  Lon.,  1682,  '83,  4to. 
Dixon,  Robert.     Norfolk  Scenery,  1810,  '11,  4to. 
Dixon,  Roger.     Consultum   Sanitatus;  a  Directory 
to  Health,  Lon.,  1663, 12mo.   Advice  to  the  Poor,  1665,  4to. 
Dixon,  Thomas.     See  DICKSON. 
Dixon,  William.    Vegetable  Balls  Found  in  a  Lake 
in  Yorkshire ;  Phil.  Trans.,  1751. 

Dixon,  William.  Distillation  from  Corn,  1811,  8vo. 
Dixon,  Wm.  Hepworth,  of  the  Inner  Temple,  b. 
1821,  in  the  West  Riding  of  Yorkshire,  settled  in  London 
in  1846,  and  soon  became  known  by  his  writings  in  pe 
riodical  works.  Appointed  editor  of  the  Athenaeum  in 
1853.  John  Howard  and  the  Prison-World  of  Europe, 
Lon.,  1850,  12mo ;  3d  ed.,  1850,  12mo ;  5th  ed.,  1854,  fp. 

"  A  Life  of  Howard  was  certainly  wanted,  and  our  author  has 
proved  himself  competent  to  execute  the  task." — Lon.  Athenaum. 
"  Adventures  more  extraordinary  it  is  impossible  to  conceive ; 
and  they  are  recounted  by  Mr.  Dixon  with  a  succinctness,  simpli 
city,  and  animation,  that  leave  nothing  to  be  desired.    The  book 
is  more  interesting  than  any  romance." — Lon.  D.  News. 
The  London  Prisons,  Ac.,  1850,  fp.  8vo. 
"These  volumes  relate  to  kindred  subjects;  and  are  written  by 
one  who  is  in  every  way  calculated  to  do  justice  to  his  theme.   We 
only  express  our  calm  and  settled  conviction,  when  we  state  it  as 
our  opinion,  that  no  works  of  equal  interest,  on  the  same  subject, 
have  seen  the  light  in  our  day." — Lon.  Evangelical  Magazine. 

William  Penn,  a  Historical  Biog.,  with  an  extra  chapter 
on  the  "Macaulay  Charges,"  1851,  p.  8vo;  3d  ed.,  1856. 

"  His  style  is  good  and  easy.  There  is  life  in  his  narrative  and 
vigour  in  his  descriptions." — Edin.  Review. 

"As  a  biography  the  work  has  claims  of  no  common  order. 
Within  the  compass  of  a  single  volume  Mr.  Dixon  has  compressed 
a  great  variety  of  facts,  many  original,  and  all  skilfully  arranged 
so  as  to  produce  an  authentic  moral  portrait  of  his  hero.  The  lite 
rary  merits  of  the  volume  include  great  research,  and  a  narrative 
at  once  consecutive  and  vivid."— ion.  Athen.,  1851,  346,  and  1856. 

Robert  Blake,  Admiral  and  General  at  Sea :  based  on 
Family  and  State  Papers,  1852,  12mo;  2d  ed.,  1858. 

"The  subject  is  noble;  and  Mr.  Dixon  has  treated  it  with  rare 
vigour,  spirit,  and  conscientiousness." — Lon.  Leader. 

The  French  in  England :  Both  Sides  of  the  Question  on 
Both  Sides  of  the  Channel,  1852. 

"  The  author  wields  a  skilful  pen,  and  tells  his  story  with  true 
historical  fervour."— ion.  Ocnt.  Mag. 


DOA 

Doaue,  Augustus  Sidney,  M.D.,  1808-1852,  a  na 
tive  of  Boston,  Mass.,  removed  to  New  York  in  1830,  where 
he  resided  until  his  death.  An  edit,  of  Good's  Study  of 
Medicine.  Trans,  of  Maygrier  on  Midwifery,  Dupuytren's 
Surgery,  Lugol's  Scrofulous  Diseases,  Bayle's  Descriptive 
Anatomy,  Blandin's  Topographical  Anatomy,  Meckel's 
Anatomy,  Scoutetten  on  Cholera,  Ricord  on  Syphilis, 
Chaussier  on  the  Arteries,  &c.  Contributions  to  Surgery 
Illustrated,  and  to  sundry  medical  journals.  See  a  bio 
graphical  notice  of  this  learned  physician  in  The  Interna 
tional  Mag.,  v.  427,  N.  York,  1852. 

Doane,  George  Washington,  D.D.,  LL.D.,  b.  in 
Trenton,  New  Jersey,  1799,  graduated  at  Union  College, 
Schenectady,  at  19  ;  ordained  Deacon  by  Bishop  Hobart, 
1821 ;  Priest,  1823  j  Rector  of  Trinity  Church,  New  York, 
for  three  years.  In  1824  he  was  appointed  Professor  of 
Belles  Lettres  and  Oratory  in  Washington  College,  Con 
necticut.  In  1828  he  resigned  that  office,  and  soon  after 
assumed  the  charge  of  Trinity  Church,  Boston.  In  1832 
he  was  consecrated  Bishop  of  the  Diocese  of  New  Jersey. 
He  pub.  a  collection  of  poetical  pieces  in  1824,  entitled 
Songs  by  the  Way,  and  he  has  from  time  to  time  given  to 
the  world  a  number  of  theological  treatises,  discourses,  <fcc. 
A  collection  of  his  Sermons  and  Charges  was  pub.  in  Lon 
don  in  1842,  8vo. 

Some  of  Bishop  Doane's  poems  have  been  greatly  ad 
mired. 

Dobbin, Orlando  T.,LL.D.,  Trinity  College,  Dublin. 
Tentamen  Anti-Straussianum :  The  Antiquity  of  the  Gos 
pels  asserted  on  Philological  Grounds  in  Refutation  of  the 
Mythic  Scheme  of  Dr.  David  Frederick  Strauss :  an  Argu 
ment,  Lon.,  1845,  8vo. 

"  A  work  in  no  common  degree  acute,  learned,  eloquent,  and — 
what  is  rarer  still  in  a  region  so  often  traversed — original." — 
Church  of  Ireland  Mag. 

"  It  leaves  Dr.  Strauss  without  a  loophole  whereby  to  escape,  and 
establishes  most  unanswerably  the  antiquity  of  the  Gospels."— 
Church  and  State  Gazette. 

"  Complete,  conclusive,  and  unanswerable." — Christ.  Examiner. 

The  Sabbath  of  Heaven,  Lon.,  1849,  8vo. 

Dobbs,  Arthur,  d.  1765,  Governor  of  N.  Carolina, 
1753.  Trade  and  Improvement  of  Ireland,  Dubl.,1729,8vo. 

"This  essay  contains  some  interesting  statements  respecting  the 
trade  and  population  of  Ireland,  and  its  state  at  the  period  to 
which  it  refers."—  McCulloch's  Lit.  of  Polit.  Econ. 

Captain  Middleton's  Defence,  1744,  8vo.  Countries  ad 
joining  to  Hudson's  Bay,  1744,  8vo.  Several  tracts  were 
elicited  by  this  work.  See  Lowndes's  Bibl.  Man.,  and 
Rich's  Bibl.  Amer.  Nova,  anno  1754. 

Dobbs,  Francis.  The  Patriot  King,  a  Trag.,  1774, 
8vo.  Universal  Hist,  Lon.,  1787, 4  vols.  12mo ;  Summary 
of  do.,  1809,  9  vols.  8vo.  Other  works. 

Dobbs,  Richard.     Serm.,  1762,  8vo. 

Dobel,  D.  Primitive  Christianity  propounded;  or  an 
Essay  to  revive  the  ancient  mode  or  manner  of  Preaching 
the  Gospel,  Lon.,  1755,  8vo.  Mr.  Dobel  insists  that  read 
ing  sermons  is  not  preaching.  See  Lon.  Monthly  Rev.,  xii. 
240,  1755. 

Dobell,  John.  Selec.  of  700  Hymns,  1812, 8vo ;  later 
eds.  Baptism,  1807.  Humanity,  1812,  8vo. 

Dobell,  Peter.  Travels  in  China,  Siberia,  and  Kamts- 
chatka,  Lon.,  2  vols.  8vo. 

"  Full  of  curious  facts,  of  new  and  interesting  accounts  of  coun 
tries  known  to  us  very  imperfectly,  and  in  many  particulars  not  I 
known  at  all." — Lon.  Spectator. 

Dobie,  A.  English  styles  for  Scotch  Law  practice, 
Lon.,  1824,  8vo. 

Dobney,  J.  T.  Devotion  for  Schools,  3d  ed.,  Lon., 
1846. 

Dobson's  Dry  Bobs,  1610,  4to.  A  copy  is  among  Ca- 
pell's  Shaksperiana  at  Trinity  College,  Cambridge 

Dobson,  John.     1.  Dr.  Pierce.     2.  Serm..  1663,  '70. 

Dobson,  Joshua.     Serm.,  1747,  8vo. 

Dobson,  Matthew,  M.D.,  d.  1784.  Medical  Comment, 
on  Fixed  Air,  Lon.,  1779,  8vo ;  2d  ed.  by  W.  Falconer,  M.D., 
1785,  8vo.  Con.  toMed.  Obs.andlnq.,  1778;  Phil.  Trans., 

Dobson,  Robert,  M.D.    Profes.  treatises,  1770,  '75. 

Dobson,  Mrs.  Susannah,  wife  of  Matthew  Dobson, 
M.D.  Life  of  Petrarch,  from  the  French  of  the  Abbe  de 
Sado,  Lon.,  1775,  2  vols.  8vo ;  Dubl.,  1777,  12mo;  Lon., 
1840,  8vo.  Literary  Hist,  of  the  Troubadours,  Lon.,  1779, 
8vo;  1807;  Ancient  Chivalry,  1784,  8vo;  both  from  the 
French  of  St.  Palaye.  Trans,  of  Petrarch's  View  of  Hu 
man  Life,  1791,  8vo.  A  Dialogue  on  Friendship  and 
Society. 

Dobson,  W.  S.  R,  Hooker's  Works,  Lon.,  1825,  2 
vols.  8vo. 

Dobson,  Wm.     Prussian  Campaign;  a  Poem,  1758. 


DOD 

Dobson,  Wm.  Kunopoedia;  a  Practical  Essay  on 
Breaking  or  Training  the  English  Spaniel  or  Pointer, 
1814,  8vo. 

Dobyns,  John.     Surgical  con.  to  Phil.  Trans.,  1728. 

Dochant,  George.     Catechism,  Lon.,  1653,  12mo. 

Docharty,  G.  B.     Institutes  of  Algebra,  New  York, 

1852,  12mo. 

"Professor  Docharty  presents  the  topics  of  Algebra  in  a  natural 
order,  and  with  great  clearness  of  statement  throughout.  We  can 
commend  this  book  to  the  careful  examination  of  teachers." — 
Methodist  Quarterly  Review. 

Institutes  of  Arithmetic,  1854,  12mo. 

Dockirray,  Thomas.     Serms.,  1743,  '54. 

Docultree,  Amoo.     Game  of  Rowlet,  Lon.,  1774. 

Docura,  Ann.    Apostate  Conscience,  Lon.,  1700. 

Dod,  Charles  Roger,  1793-1855,  originally  in- 
tended  for  the  bar.  For  thirty-seven  years  he  was  con 
nected  with  the  journals  of  London,  and  for  twenty-three 
years  he  was  connected  with  the  Times  newspaper.  He 
superintended  the  reports  of  the  debates  in  Parliament, 
and  wrote  the  memoirs  of  the  most  distinguished  persons 
who  died  during  that  time,  for  the  same  journal.  The 
Parliamentary  Companion,  1855 :  24th  year.  Peerage, 
Baronetage,  and  Knightage,  1855 :  15th  year. 

"The  best  publication  of  this  kind  that  we  have  seen."—  West 
minster  Rev. 

Annual  Biography.     Electoral  Facts,  1832-52 ;  new  ed., 

1853.  Manual  of  Dignities  and  Precedence,  1842,  '44. 
Dod,  H.     Psalms  and  Songs,  Lon.,  1620,  8vo. 
Dod,  John,  1547-1645,  Rector  of  Fawesley,  1624,  is 

generally  called  The  Decalogist,  from  his  Comment,  on  the 
Ten  Commandments.  Although  a  Puritan,  he  was  a  zeal 
ous  Royalist.  Expos,  of  the  Ten  Commandments  by  Dod 
and  Kobt.  Cleaver,  Lon.,  1606,  4to;  1626;  8th  ed.,  1632. 
Serms.,  1614,  '18,  '21.  Expos,  of  the  Book  of  Proverbs, 
by  Dod,  Robt.  Cleaver,  and  Wm.  Flinde,  1606,  4to;  1611. 
Expos,  of  the  Lord's  Prayer,  1635,  fol. 

"  John  Dod  was  by  nature  a  witty,  by  industry  a  learned,  by 
grace  a  godly,  divine." — Fuller's  Worthies  of  Cheshire. 

"  He  was  in  learning  excelled  by  few ;  and  in  unaffected  piety  by 
none.  He  was  particularly  eminent  for  his  knowledge  of  the  He 
brew  language,  which  he  taught  the  famous  John  Gregory  of  Christ 
Church,  in  Oxford." — GRANGER. 

Dod,  John.     Serm.,  Lon.,  1777,  8vo. 

Dod,  Rev.  Marcus.  On  the  Incarnation  of  the 
Eternal  Word.  New  ed.,  with  a  Notice  by  the  late  Rev. 
Thomas  Chalmers,  D.D. 

Dod,  Pierce,  M.D.    Profess,  treatises,  1729-43. 

Dod,  Samuel.     Serm.,  Lon.,  1714,  4to. 

Dod,  Thomas.     Serm.,  Oxon.,  1717,  8vo. 

Dodd,  A.  Charles.  The  Contrast;  strictures  on  Dr. 
Price's  Addit.  Observ.  on  Civil  Liberty,  <fec.,  Lon.,  1777,  8vo. 

"A  very  illiberal  and  indecent  performance." — Lon.  Monthly 
Review. 

Dodd,  C.  E.     Law  of  Elections,  Lon.,  1826,  8vo. 

Dodd,  Charles,  or  Richard  Tootle,  d.  about  1745, 
a  Roman  Catholic  priest  and  historian,  residing  at  Harving- 
ton,  Worcestershire,  was  the  author  of  The  Church  Hist, 
of  England,  1500-1688,  the  labour  of  thirty  years.  It 
bears  the  imprint  of  Brussels,  (1737,  '39,  '42,  3  vols.  fol.,) 
but  is  supposed  to  have  been  printed  at  Wolverhampton, 
Staffordshire.  This  work  was  formerly  entirely  neglected, 
but  within  the  last  few  years  has  been  sold  for  as  high  as 
£10  10s.  The  publication  of  a  new  ed.  by  the  Rev.  M.  A. 
Tierney,  with  Notes,  Additions,  and  Continuation,  to  be 
comprised  in  fourteen  vols.  8vo,  was  commenced  in  1839, 
and  its  completion  was  promised  by  the  end  of  1842.  It 
is  now  thirteen  years  later,  (1855,)  and  but  5  vols.  have  ap 
peared,  1839-43,  vol.  5th  being  supplemental  to  Dodd,  and 
written  by  Mr.  Tierney.  Whence  the  delay  ?  The  pub 
lication  price  of  the  new  ed.  was  12«.,  small  paper;  21«., 
large  paper,  per  vol. 

"  A  book  of  rare  occurrence,  and  interesting  chiefly  to  the  curious 
in  biography.  It  was  published  as  an  antidote  to  Burnet,  and  is 
avowedly  written  as  a  defence  of  the  Roman  Catholics.  The  author 
was  a  caustic  and  not  unqualified  writer.  His  love  of  ridicule  is 
apparent;  his  reflections  upon  some  of  our  early  Reformers  are 
sometimes  both  unfounded  and  severe." — Dibdiri's  Library  Com 
panion. 

"  It  is  very  rare  and  curious.  Much  of  our  own  domestic  history 
is  interwoven  in  that  of  the  fugitive  papists,  and  the  materials  of 
this  work  are  frequently  drawn  from  their  own  archives,  preserved 
in  their  seminaries  at  Douay,  Valladolid,  &c.,  which  have  not  been 
accessible  to  Protestant  writers.  Here  I  discovered  a  copious  no 
menclature  of  eminent  persons,  and  many  literary  men,  with  many 
unknown  facts,  both  of  a  private  and  public  nature.  It  is  useful 
at  times  to  know  whether  an  English  author  was  a  Catholic."— 
DisraeWs  Quarrels  of  Authors. 

In  the  new  edit,  the  biographical  part  is  not  intermixed 
with  the  history,  but  is  intended  to  form  a  distinct  series  in 
the  vols.  after  the  5th.  In  1741  appeared  A  Specimen  of 
Amendments  candidly  proposed  to  the  compiler  of  a  work 


DOD 

which  he  calls  The  Church  History  of  England,  1500-1688; 
by  Clerophilus  Alethes.     This  elicited  An  Apology  for  the 
Church  History  of  England,  1500-1688;  being  a  reply  to  a 
quarrelsome  libel  entitled  A  Specimen  of  Amendments,  Ac., 
1742, 8vo.  Dodd  also  wrote  Certamen  utriusque  Ecclesiae,<fcc., 
1724,  4to.     See  the  Somers  Collection  of  Tracts,  vol.  xiii. 
Dodd,  George.     Days  at  the  Factories,  Lon.,  1843, 
8vo.  Manufactories  of  Great  Britain,  1844,  '45,  6  vole.lSmo.  \ 
"  A  book  eminently  suited  to  the  times.  ...  It  should  be  read  i 
by  all  who  would  know  how  it  is  that  England  has  acquired  the 
character  of  being  the  greatest  workshop  of  the  world."— British 
friend  of  India  Magazine. 

The  Curiosities  of  Industry  and  the  Applied  Sciences, 
1852,  8vo. 

Dodd,  James  A.,  b.  1807,  in  Virginia,  a  self-made 
mathematician,  was  chosen  Prof,  of  Mathematics,  Nat. 
Philos.,  and  Astronomy,  in  the  Centenary  Coll.,  Miss.,  1841 ; 
in  Transylvania  Univ.,  1846;  President  pro  tern.,  1849-55. 
Elementary  and  Practical  Arithmetic.  High  School  Arith 
metic.  Elementary  and  Practical  Algebra.  Algebra  for 
High  Schools  and  Colleges.  Elements  of  Geometry  and 
Mensuration.  Contrib.  to  Quarterly  Review  of  the  Meth. 
E.  Church  South,  <fcc. 

Dodd,  James  S.  Satyrical  Lecture  on  Hearts,  Ac., 
8vo.  Nat.  Hist  of  the  Herring,  Lon.,  1752,  8vo.  Trans, 
of  Dr.  Margat's  New  Prac.  of  Physic,  1774,  12mo.  Hist, 
of  Gibraltar,  1781,  8vo. 

Dodd,  Mary  Ann  Hanmer,  b.  1813,  at  Hartford, 
Connecticut,  has  contributed  many  poetical  pieces  of  un 
common  merit  to  The  Hermenethean,  The  Ladies'  Reposi 
tory,  and  The  Rose  of  Sharon.  A  volume  of  her  poems 
was  pub.  at  Hartford  in  1843.  We  may  instance  The  La 
ment,  The  Mourner,  To  a  Cricket,  The  Dreamer,  and  The 
Dove's  Visit,  as  compositions  of  rare  excellence. 

Dodd,  Philip  Stanhope.  Hints  to  Freshmen  at 
the  University  of  Cambridge,  3d  ed.,  1807,  12mo. 

Dodd,  Ralph.  Canals,  Lon.,  1795,  8vo.  Reports, 
1798,  4to.  Letters,  1799.  Water,  1805,  8vo.  Dry  Rot, 
1815,  8vo. 

Dodd,  William,  D.D.,  1729-1777,  a  divine  of  the 
Church  of  England,  equally  noted  for  his  great  abilities 
and  his  melancholy  end,  was  a  native  of  Bourne,  Lincoln 
shire,  of  which  parish  his  father  was  vicar,  and  educated 
at  Clare  Hall,  Cambridge.  He  was  ordained  in  1753,  and 
soon  distinguished  himself  as  one  of  the  most  eloquent 
preachers  in  London.  After  various  preferments,  Dr. 
Squier,  Bishop  of  St.  David's,  procured  for  him  a  collation 
to  a  prebend  of  Brecon,  and  in  the  same  year  he  received 
the  appointment  of  tutor  to  Philip  Stanhope,  afterwards 
Earl  of  Chesterfield.  He  was  made  one  of  the  king's  chap 
lains  in  1764.  Dodd  was  exceedingly  fond  of  display,  and 
lived  in  a  style  altogether  unsuited  to  his  moderate  cir 
cumstances.  Finding  himself  deeply  involved  in  debt,  he 
determined  to  make  a  bold  effort  to  secure  the  rectory  of 
St.  George's,  Hanover  Square,  which  had  fallen  to  the  dis 
posal  of  the  crown.  To  her  great  surprise,  the  lady  of 
Lord  Chancellor  Apsley  received  an  anonymous  letter  offer 
ing  to  present  her  with  £3000  if  she  would  obtain  for  Dr. 
Dodd  the  vacant  parish.  This  insulting  proposal  was 
traced  to  the  aspirant  himself,  and  the  king  ordered  his 
name  to  be  struck  from  the  list  of  his  chaplains.  In  1777 
he  forged  the  name  of  his  former  pupil,  Lord  Chesterfield, 
to  a  bond  for  £4200.  Detected  in  this  crime,  he  was  cast 
into  prison,  tried,  and  convicted,  and — notwithstanding 
the  most  strenuous  efforts  to  save  his  life— executed  at  Ty 
burn  on  the  27th  of  June. 

Dodd's  publications — a  list  of  which  will  be  found  in 
Watt's  Bibl.  Brit. — are  numerous.  We  notice  the  follow 
ing  :  Discourses  on  the  Miracles  and  Parables  of  Christ, 
Lon.,  1757,  4  vols.  8vo.  Serms.  to  Young  Men,  1772,  3 
vols.  8vo ;  1st  Amer.  ed.,  Phila.,  1848,  24mo.  An  excel 
lent  work.  The  Visitor,  Lon.,  1764,  2  vols.  12mo.  Com 
fort  for  the  Afflicted,  4th  ed.,  1789,  12mo.  Thoughts  in 
Prison,  in  5  parts,  1777,  8vo ;  many  eds.  Reflections  on 
Death,  3d  ed.,  1769,  18mo.  The  Beauties  of  Shakspeare, 
1780,  3  vols.  12mo;  new  ed.,  1810,  '16.  Comment,  on  the 
Old  and  New  Test.,  with  the  Notes  and  Collections  of  John 
Locke,  Dr.  Waterland,  Lord  Clarendon,  Ac.,  pub.  in  num 
bers,  1765,  <fcc.;  3  vols.  fol.,  1770. 

"  This  work,  as  giving  in  general  the  true  sense  of  the  Scriptures, 
is  by  fer  the  best  Comment  that  has  ever  yet  appeared  in  the  Eng 
lish  language." — DR.  ADAM  CLARKE. 

Perhaps  this  is  rather  extravagant.  We  have  already 
noticed  the  reprint  of  this  work,  (6  vols.  4to,  1801-03,) 
with  some  alterations  by  DR.  THOMAS  COKE,  q.  v.  The 
name  of  John  Locke  in  the  title-page  is  an  error.  The 
notes  ascribed  to  him  were  really  written  by  DR.  RALPH 
CUDWORTH;  see  the  name  in  the  Biog.  Brit,  last  ed. 


DOD 

Beauties  of  History,  1795,  12mo.  A  Common  Place 
Book  to  the  Holy  Bible,  by  John  Locke,  Esq.,  revised  and 
improved  by  Wm.  Dodd,  1805,  4to;  1824.  The  authenti 
city  of  this  work  is  questionable. 

"  It  certainly  is  a  very  useful  book."— Home's  Bibl.  Bib. 

For  further  particulars  respecting  Dr.  Dodd,  see  Memoirs 
prefixed  to  his  Thoughts  in  Prison  ;  Hist.  Mem.  of  his  Life 
and  Writings,  by  Isaac  Reed,  1777,  8vo;  Jones's  Life  of 
Home;  Gent.  Mag.,  lx.,  1010,  '66,  '77  j  Boswell's  Life  of 
Dr.  Johnson. 

Doddie,  John.    Associate  Synod,  1800. 

Doddridge,  Doderidge,  or  Dodridge,  Sir  John, 
1555-1628,  an  eminent  English  lawyer,  was  a  native  of 
Barnstaple,  Devonshire,  and  educated  at  Exeter  College, 
whence  he  was  removed  to  the  Middle  Temple,  appointed 
his  majesty's  principal  sergeant  at  law,  1607 ;  Judge  of  the 
Court  of  King's  Bench,  1613.  Among  his  works  are  Com 
plete  Parson,  1602;  last  ed.,  1641,  4to.  The  Lawyer's 
Light,  1602,  4to.  Hist.  Account  of  the  Estate  of  the  Prin 
cipality  of  Wales,  Duchy  of  Cornwall,  and  Earldom  of 
Chester,  1630,  4to. 

"  In  this  treatise,  Sir  John,  with  a  great  deal  of  industry  and 
exactness,  calculates  the  ancient  and  present  revenues  of  the  pala 
tinate  ;  but  is  not  curious  in  clearing  up  its  original  history." — 
Bishop  Nicolson's  Eng.  Hist.  Lib. 

English  Lawyer,  1631,  4to.  The  Laws  of  Nobility, 
Knights,  Ac.,  Lon.,  1658,  12mo.  This  is  an  enlarged  ed. 
of  Bird's  Magazine  of  Honour.  Opinion,  etc.  rel.  to  the 
power  of  Parliament,  1672, 12mo.  Sheppard's  Touchstone 
and  Wentworth's  Executors  have  been  ascribed  to  Judge 
Doddridge. 

Doddridge,  Philip,  1702-1751,  was  the  twentieth 
child  of  a  London  merchant,  and  lost  both  of  his  parents 
at  an  early  age.  His  mother  had  been  in  the  habit  of 
teaching  him  portions  of  Scripture  history,  by  means  of  . 
the  figured  Dutch  tiles  of  the  chimney  of  her  apartment. 
To  such  faithful  instruction  it  was  owing  that  we  find  him 
at  the  age  of  fourteen  visiting  the  poor,  calling  their  atten 
tion  to  the  subject  of  personal  religion,  and  dividing  his 
pocket-money  with  the  necessitous.  At  a  private  school 
at  St.  Alban's,  his  application  and  piety  attracted  the  notice 
of  Dr.  Samuel  Clarke,  who  kindly  undertook  the  charge 
and  expense  of  his  education.  In  1719  he  entered  the  dis 
senting  academy  of  John  Jennings  at  Kibworth;  and 
afterwards  continued  his  studies  at  Hinckley  in  Leicester 
shire.  He  evinced  great  conscientiousness  in  declining, 
on  account  of  scruples  as  to  subscribing  to  the  thirty -nine 
articles,  the  liberal  offer  of  the  Duchess  of  Bedford,  to  sup 
port  him  at  the  university,  and  procure  him  preferment  in 
the  church,  if  she  should  live  until  he  had  taken  orders. 
He  met  with  much  discouragement  in  his  efforts  to  qualify 
himself  for  the  office  of  a  dissenting  preacher.  He  says: 

" '  I  waited  on  Dr.  Edmund  Calamy  to  beg  his  advice  and  assist 
ance,  that  I  might  be  brought  up  a  minister,  which  was  always  my 
great  desire.  He  gave  me  no  encouragement  in  it,  but  advised  me 
to  turn  my  thoughts  to  something  else.'  Resolving  '  to  follow  Pro 
vidence,  and  not  force  it,'  he  was  about  applying  himself  to  the 
study  of  the  law;  but  before  deciding  he  set  apart  one  morning  to 
earnest  solicitation  for  divine  guidance :  whilst  thus  occupied,  he 
received  a  letter  from  the  generous  Dr.  Clarke,  who  offered  to  ad 
vance  him  to  a  pastoral  office.  Looking  upon  this  timely  offer 
<  almost  as  an  answer  from  Heaven,'  he  accepted  it  joyfully." 

In  his  studies,  he  was  uncommonly  diligent  and  method 
ical.  At  fourteen  years  of  age  he  commenced  keeping  a 
diary,  in  which  he  "accounted  for  every  hour  of  his  time." 
Whilst  studying  Homer,  he  made  annotations  sufficient  to 
fill  a  large  volume;  and  his  interleaved  Bible  exhibits  a 
vast  quantity  of  extracts  and  remarks,  in  illustration  of 
the  text,  taken  from  the  works  of  eminent  commentators. 
Thus  did  he  lay  the  foundation  of  his  own  admirable  ex 
position.  He  was  never  too  busy,  however,  to  seek  assist 
ance  of  the  Father  of  Lights,  "without  whose  help  all 
labour  is  ineffectual,  and  without  whose  grace  all  wisdom 
is  folly."  (See  Dr.  Johnson's  prayer  on  commencing  the 
Rambler.)  He  says: 

"I  found  that  an  hour  spent  every  morning  in  private  prayer 
and  meditation  gave  me  spirit  and  vigour  for  the  business  of  the 
day,  and  kept  my  temper  active,  patient,  and  calm." 

Among  his  private  papers,  written  about  this  period,  was 
a  solemn  pledge  to  devote  himself,  his  time,  and  his  abili 
ties,  to  the  service  of  religion,  (this  he  read  over  once  a 
week,)  and  a  set  of  rules  for  his  general  guidance.  By  aid 
of  these  monitors  he  enforced  upon  himself 

"The  necessity  of  early  rising,  of  returning  solemn  thanks  for 
the  mercies  of  the  night,  and  imploring  divine  aid  through  the 
business  of  the  day ;  of  divesting  his  mind,  while  engaged  in  prayer, 
of  every  thing  else,  either  external  or  internal ;  of  reading  the 
Scriptures  daily;  of  never  trifling  with  a  book  with  which  he  had 
no  business;  of  never  losing  a  minute  of  time,  or  incurring  any 
unnecessary  expense,  so  that  he  might  have  more  to  spend  for  God ; 
of  endeavouring  to  make  himself  agreeable  and  useful,  by  tender, 
compassionate,  and  friendly  deportment;  of  being  very  moderate 


DOD 

at  meals,  and  of  never  delaying  any  thing,  unless  he  could  prove  j 
that  another  time  would  be  more  fit  than  the  present,  or  that  some 
other  more  important  duty  required  his  immediate  attention." 

When  we  thus  behold  the  foundation  upon  which  this  j 
excellent  young  man  began  to  build  his  character,  we 
need  not  be  surprised  at  the  lofty  elevation  and  striking 
beauty  to  which  the  superstructure  attained.  In  July, 
1722,  in  his  twentieth  year,  he  commenced  preaching  to  a 
small  congregation  at  Kibworth.  Here  he  pursued  his 
biblical  studies,  and  seems  to  have  enjoyed  both  these  and 
his  professional  labours : 

"  One  day  passe th  away  after  another,  and  I  only  know  that  it 
passeth  pleasantly  with  me.  .  .  .  I  can  willingly  give  up  the  charms 
of  London,  the  luxury,  the  company,  the  popularity  of  it.  for  the 
secret  pleasures  of  rational  employment  and  self-approbation;  re 
tired  from  applause  and  reproach,  from  envy  and  contempt,  and 
the  destructive  habits  of  avarice  and  ambition." 

His  favourite  authors  in  his  retirement  were  Tillotson, 
Baxter,  and  Howe.  In  1727  he  was  chosen  assistant 
preacher  at  Market  Harborough.  Two  years  afterwards, 
by  the  solicitation  of  Dr.  Watt,  he  established  an  academy 
for  the  education  of  young  men  designed  for  the  ministry. 
Among  his  pupils,  were  Dr.  Kippis,  the  editor  of  the  Bio- 
graphia  Britannica,  Dr.  Hugh  Farmer,  author  of  the  Essay 
on  the  Dsemoniacs  of  the  New  Testament,  and  Newton 
Cappe.  In  December,  1729,  he  took  charge  of  a  congre 
gation  at  Northampton,  and  in  the  following  March  was 
ordained.  In  December,  1730,  he  was  married  to  a  lady 
named  Maris.  On  this  occasion  he  drew  up  the  following 
rules,  which  we  commend  to  all  our  married  readers,  and 
to  all  who  design  entering  into  that  happy  relation : 

"  It  shall  be  my  daily  care  to  keep  up  the  spirit  of  piety  in  my 
conversation  with  my  wife ;  to  recommend  her  to  the  divine  bless 
ing;  to  manifest  an  obliging,  tender,  disposition  towards  her,  and 
particularly  to  avoid  every  thing  which  has  the  appearance  of  pet- 
tishness,  to  which,  amidst  my  various  cares  and  labours,  I  may,  in 
some  unguarded  moments,  be  liable." 

He  contracted  a  cold  in  December,  1750,  whilst  travel 
ling  to  St.  Alban's  to  preach  a  funeral  sermon  on  Dr.  Clarke. 
The  next  July  he  preached  his  last  sermon.  A  voyage  to 
Lisbon  was  recommended,  but  his  scanty  means  presented 
an  obstacle  to  this  step.  Upon  this  becoming  known,  a 
clergyman  of  the  Church  of  England  set  on  foot  a  subscrip 
tion  for  his  relief.  A  large  sum  was  raised,  and  Doddridge 
embarked  on  the  30th  of  September,  1751;  the  voyage 
proved  of  no  benefit,  and  he  expired  at  Lisbon,  a  fortnight 
after  he  had  landed :  his  remains  were  interred  in  the  burial- 
ground  of  the  British  Factory.  In  person  he  was  rather 
above  the  middle  height,  and  very  slender.  His  manners 
were  very  easy  and  polite,  his  conversation  was  agreeable 
and  at  times  brilliant.  Like  most  men  of  decided  talent, 
of  eminent  piety,  and  extensive  usefulness,  he  was  very 
fond  of  humour,  and  excelled  in  sprightly  sallies ;  and  has 
been  described  as  taking  "as  much  delight  in  innocent 
mirth  as  a  child,"  and  as  being  "by  far  the  most  lively  and 
amusing  member  of  the  circle  in  which  he  moved."  We 
have  referred  to  his  habit  of  early  rising :  unless  severely 
indisposed  he  quitted  his  bed  winter  and  summer  at  five 
o'clock : 

"  I  am  generally  employed  with  very  short  intervals  from  morn 
ing  to  night,  and  have  seldom  more  than  six  hours  in  bed ;  yet, 
such  is  the  goodness  of  God  to  me,  that  I  seldom  know  what  it  is 
to  be  weary." 

He  attributes  the  greater  part  of  his  literary  productions 
to  his  having  invariably  risen  at  five  instead  of  seven 
o'clock ;  "  a  practice  which  if  pursued  for  forty  years,  would 
add  a  fourth  of  that  period  to  a  man's  life."  Dr.  Doddridge 
is  best  known  as  an  author  by  his  excellent  Family  Expo 
sitor,  and  his  Rise  and  Progress  of  Religion  in  the  Soul. 
These  works  have  been  frequently  reprinted,  and  so  long 
as  the  Bible  and  human  nature  exist,  must  always  be  popu 
lar  on  the  whole,  though,  like  all  man's  works,  not  without 
imperfections. 

"  One  part  of  Dr.  Doddridge's  Family  Expositor,  which  must  have 
cost  him  uncommon  pains,  was  his  having  everywhere  interwoven 
the  text  with  the  paraphrase,  and  carefully  distinguished  the 
former  from  the  latter  by  the  Italic  character.  By  this  method  it 
is  impossible  to  read  the  paraphrase  without  the  text ;  and  every 
one  may  immediately  see,  not  only  the  particular  clause  to  which 
any  explication  answers,  but,  also,  what  are  the  words  of  the  ori 
ginal,  and  what  merely  the  sense  of  the  commentator.  Nor  was 
our  author  content  with  barely  inserting  the  old  translation,  but 
gave  an  entire  new  version  of  the  whole  Testament,  the  merit  and 
usefulness  of  which  will  in  many  respects  be  acknowledged.  This 
translation  was  extracted  from  the  paraphrase,  and  published  in 
1765,  in  two  volumes  12mo,  with  some  alterations  and  improve 
ments  by  the  editor,  together  with  an  introduction,  and  a  number 
of  very  short  notes." — DR.  KIPPIS,  in  Biog.  Brit. 

Dr.  Isaac  Watts  thus  speaks  of  our  author,  in  a  letter  to 

Rev.  Mr.  Longueville  of  Amsterdam,  who  wrote  to  Dr. 

Watts  respecting  a  translation  of  some  of  Doddridge's 

works  in  the  Dutch  tongue : 

"  I  have  no  need  to  give  you  a  large  account  of  his  knowledge 


DOD 

in  the  sciences,  in  which  I  confess  him  to  be  greatly  my  superior ; 
and  as  to  the  doctrines  of  divinity  and  the  gospel  of  Christ,  I  know- 
not  any  man  of  greater  skill  than  himself,  and  hardly  one  sufficient 
to  be  his  second.  ...  If  you  have  read  that  excellent  performance 
of  his,  the  Rise  and  Progress,  &c.,  you  will  be  of  my  mind." 

For  the  latter  production  Doddridge  received  the  thanks 
of  many  eminent  divines,  and  the  Duchess  of  Somerset 
thus  writes  to  the  author  respecting  it : 

"  I  may  with  truth  assure  you,  that  I  never  was  so  deeply  affected 
with  any  thing  I  ever  met  with  as  with  that  book ;  and  1  could  not 
be  easy  till  I  had  given  one  to  every  servant  in  my  house." 

The  Family  Expositor  has  been  translated  into  almost 
every  European  language.  At  St.  John's  College,  Cam 
bridge,  the  Evidences  of  Christianity  has  long  been  used 
as  a  text-book. 

"  No  single  work  is  equal  to  the  admirable  course  of  lectures  by 
Dr.  Doddridge."— SIMPSON. 

"  And  first,  as  an  universal  storehouse,  necessary  to  the  student 
in  the  conduct  of  his  theological  pursuits,  Doddridge's  Lectures. 
[On  the  Principal  Subjects  in  Pneumatology,  Ethics,  and  Divinity."] 
Bp.  of  Durham's  Charge. 

"  I  scarcely  know  a  more  useful  book."— DR.  PARR:  notice  of  the 
same  work. 

The  Practical  Discourses  on  [Regeneration 

"  Are  distinguished  by  the  amiable  and  excellent  author's  wonted 
clearness  of  statement  and  affectionate  earnestness  of  persuasion." 
—DR.  RALPH  WARDLAW. 

Sermons  on  the  Power  and  Grace  of  Christ. 

"  I  have  read  them  with  much  pleasure  and  improvement ;  they 
are  excellent."— BP.  WARBURION. 

"  After  all,  the  young  composer  may  find  the  popular  sermons 
of  Dr.  Doddridge  more  improving  models.  He  excels  in  distinct 
ness  and  scripture  phraseology." — DR.  E.  WILLIAMS. 

"  His  Family  Expositor  is  a  masterly  work.  This  admirable  com 
mentary  is  in  the  lists  of  books  recommended  by  Bishops  Watson 
and  Tomline,  and  almost  every  other  theological  tutor.  The  Har 
mony  of  the  Four  Gospels  is  acknowledged  to  be  executed  with 
great  judgment,  independently  of  the  very  valuable  exposition 
and  notes  that  accompany  it."— T.  H.  HORNB. 

Mr.  Orme  remarks  : 

"  Of  a  book  so  well  known  and  so  generally  esteemed  as  the 
Family  "Expositor,  it  is  scarcely  necessary  to  speak.  It  is  admirably 
adapted  to  the  object  which  the  author  had  chiefly  in  view ;  and 
no  book  can  be  read  in  a  Christian  family  with  more  advantage. 
.  .  .  The  translation  frequently  corrects  the  received  version ;  but 
the  paraphrase  is  often  too  diffuse,  and  in  the  notes  he  sometimes 
discovers  an  anxiety  to  press  a  fine  thought  into  the  meaning  of 
the  sacred  writer.  His  Harmony,  which  must  have  cost  him  great 
labour,  is  often  unsatisfactory,  has  too  many  transpositions,  and  is 
not  so  judicious  in  the  arrangement  as  Macknight's." 

"  Of  all  our  author's  writings,  the  Family  Expositor  is  the  most 
important  and  valuable." — DR.  KIPPIS. 

Dr.  Dibdin  declares  that 

"  The  Family  Expositor  should  find  a  place  upon  the  shelf  and 
upon  the  table  of  every  mansion  where  the  moral  duties  of  a  Chris 
tian  are  enjoined.  Doddridge's  heart  was  made  up  of  all  the  kind 
lier  feelings  of  our  nature,  and  was  wholly  devoted  to  the  salvation 
of  men's  souls.  Whatever  he  did,  he  appears  to  have  done  to  the 
glory  of  God." 

"  His  character  and  writings  will  long  continue  to  be  revered 
and  honoured  by  all  who  prefer  scriptural  truth  to  human  sys 
tems." — MORELL. 

Dr.  Francis  Hunt,  Regius  Professor  at  Oxford,  bears  tes 
timony  to  the  excellence  of  the  Rise  and  Progress,  and 
Archdeacon  Wrangham  wrote  thirteen  practical  sermons 
founded  upon  that  work. 

"In  reading  the  New  Testament,  I  recommend  Doddridge's 
Family  Expositor  as  an  impartial  interpreter  and  faithful  monitor. 
Other  expositions  and  commentaries  might  be  mentioned,  greatly 
to  the  honour  of  their  respective  authors,  for  their  several  excel 
lencies  ;  such  as,  elegance  of  exposition,  acuteness  of  illustration, 
and  copiousness  of  erudition;  but  I  know  of  no  expositor  who 
unites  so  many  advantages,  whether  you  regard  the  fidelity  of  his 
version,  the  fulness  and  perspicuity  of  his  composition,  the  utility 
of  his  general  and  historical  information,  the  impartiality  of  his 
doctrinal  comments,  or  lastly,  the  piety  and  pastoral  earnestness 
of  his  moral  and  religious  applications.  He  has  made,  as  he  pro 
fesses  to  have  done,  ample  use  of  the  commentators  that  preceded 
him ;  and,  in  the  explanation  of  grammatical  difficulties,  he  has 
profited  much  more  from  the  philological  writers  on  the  Greek  Tes 
tament  than  could  almost  have  been  expected  in  so  multifarious 
an  undertaking  as  the  Family  Expositor." — BARRINGTON,  Bishop 
of  Durham. 

"  Doddridge  is  now  my  prime  favourite  among  divines." — The 
Rev.  Robert  Hall's  Letters. 

"  He  was  author  of  one  of  the  finest  epigrams  in  the  English 
language.  It  is  in  Orton's  life  of  him.  The  subject  is  his  family 
motto,  '  Dum  vivimus  vivamus,'  which,  in  its  primary  signification, 
is,  to  be  sure,  not  very  suitable  to  a  Christian  divine;  but  he  para 
phrased  it  thus : 

'  Live  while  you  live,  the  Epicure  would  say, 
And  seize  the  pleasures  of  the  present  day. 
Live  while  you  live,  the  sacred  Preacher  cries, 
And  give  to  God  each  moment  as  it  flies. 
Lord,  in  my  views  let  both  united  be ; 
I  live  in  pleasure,  when  I  live  to  thee.'  "—DR.  JOHNSON. 

Dr.  Doddridge's  works  are :  1.  Sermon  after  a  Fire,  on 
Amos  iv.  11, 1732,  8vo.  2.  Ten  Sermons  on  the  Power  and 
Grace  of  Christ;  or,  Evidences  of  his  glorious  Gospel, 
1736, 12mo.  3.  Absurdity  and  Wickedness  of  Persecution 
for  Conscience'  sake;  a  Sermon  on  Luke  ix.  55, 56, 1736, 8vo. 


DOB 


DOD 


4.  Sermon  on  2  Cor.  iv.  5, 1737,  8vo.  5.  Sermon  on  2  Kings 
iv.  26, 1737r8vo.  6.  Sermon,  Northampton,  1738.  7.  Dis 
course  at  the  Interment  of  the  Rev.  J.  Newton,  Lon.,  1741, 
8vo.  8.  The  Evil  and  Danger  of  Neglecting  the  Souls  of 
Men;  a  Sermon,  Lon.,  1742,  8vo.  9.  Compassion  to  the 
Sick  Recommended  and  Urged ;  a  Sermon  on  Ps.  xli.  1-3. 
10.  On  the  Flight  of  the  Rebels;  a  Sermon  on  Luke  i.  74, 
75, 1745,  8vo.  11.  Four  Sermons  on  the  Religious  Educa 
tion  of  Children,  1743,  8vo.  12.  Funeral  Sermon  on  2 
Kings  iv.  26,  1737,  8vo.  13.  Eighteen  Practical  Sermons 
on  Regeneration ;  to  which  are  added  2  Sermons  on  Salva 
tion  by  Grace  through  Faith.  14.  On  occasion  of  a  second 
Shock  of  an  Earthquake;  a  Serm.  on  Matt  xi.  23,  24, 1750, 
8vo.  15.  Tracts,  1761,  3  vols.  12mo.  16.  Of  the  Evidences 
of  Christianity,  in  Answer  to  Christianity  not  Founded  on 
Argument,  Lon.,  1742,  '43,  8vo.  17.  Three  Letters  to  the 
Author  of  Christianity  not  Founded  on  Argument,  Lon., 
1743,  8vo.  18.  A  Sermon  on  the  Heroic  Death  of  Colonel 
James  Gardiner,  Lon.,  1746,  8vo.  19.  Some  remarkable 
passages  in  the  Life  of  Col.  James  Gardiner,  from  his  birth, 
January  10,  1687,  to  his  death,  in  the  Battle  of  Prestonpan, 
September  21,  1745;  with  an  Appendix  relating  to  the 
ancient  family  of  the  Munroes  of  Fowlis,  8vo.  Several 
editions.  20.  The  Rise  and  Progress  of  Religion  in  the 
Soul,  Lon.,  1750, 12mo.  The  most  popular  of  his  detached 
works.  It  has  gone  through  numerous  editions,  and  has 
been  translated  into  the  Dutch,  German,  Danish,  and 
French  languages.  21.  A  Funeral  Sermon,  Lon.,  1750, 
8vo.  22.  Hymns,  Salop,  1755,  8vo.  23.  The  Family  Ex 
positor;  or  a  Paraphrase  and  Version  of  the  New  Testa 
ment,  with  Critical  Notes  and  Practical  Improvements, 
Lon.,  1760-62,  6  vols.  4to.  The  same,  with  his  Life  by 
Dr.  Kippis,  Lon.,  1808,  4  vols.  4to,  or  6  vols.  8vo.  New 
ed.,  1840,  4  vols.  8vo ;  and  1839,  imp.  fol.  This  masterly 
work  has  been  often  reprinted.  An  abridgment  of  it  was 
published  by  the  late  Rev.  S.  Palmer,  entitled  The  Family 
Expositor  abridged,  according  to  the  plan  of  its  Author ; 
containing  his  Version,  and  the  most  useful  Explanatory 
Notes,  with  Practical  Reflections  at  the  end  of  each  Sec 
tion  entire,  2  vols.  8vo.  24.  Course  of  Lectures,  published 
after  his  Death,  by  the  Rev.  Samuel  Clarke,  1763,  4to. 
Republished  by  Kippis,  with  very  extensive  and  valuable 
additions,  Lon.,  1794,  2  vols.  8vo.  25.  Of  a  Person  who 
had  no  Ear  for  Music,  naturally  singing  several  times 
when  in  a  delirium,  Phil.  Trans.,  1747.  26.  Of  a  Wether 
giving  Suck  to  a  Lamb :  and  of  a  Monstrous  Lamb,  Ib. 

We  also  notice:  Memoirs  of  his  Life,  Character,  and 
Writings,  Salop,  1766,  8vo.  His  whole  works  by  D.  Wil 
liams  and  the  Rev.  E.  Parsons,  Leeds,  1802, 10  vols.  r.  8vo, 
£6.  Sermons  to  Young  Persons;  new  edit.,  Lon.,  1803, 
12mo.  Sermons,  1826,  4  vols.  8vo.  Private  Correspond 
ence  and  Diary,  1829,  5  vols.  8vo. 

"  These  volumes  must  rank  with  our  first  English  classics,  and 
must  go  down  to  posterity  as  specimens  of  the  English  language 
rarely  surpassed."— ion.  Evangel.  Mag. 

Miscellaneous  Works,  with  an  Introduc.  Essay  by  the 
Rev.  T.  Morell,  1839,  imp.  8vo.  See  also  The  Life  and 
Labours  of  Doddridge  by  John  Stoughton,  Lon.,  1851, 
12mo ;  2d  ed.,  1852.  We  do  not  feel  willing  to  conclude 
this  article  without  quoting  a  few  more  testimonies  to  the 
value  of  the  writings  of  this  truly  excellent  man : 

"All  Dr. Doddridge's  addresses  to  his  fellow-sinners  breathed  at 
once  the  ardour  of  piety,  and  the  tenderness  of  benevolence,  by 
which  that  spirit,  under  the  guidance  of  a  sound  and  divinely- 
enlightened  understanding,  was  ever  animated."— DB.  WARDLAW. 

"  Clearness  of  thought,  unaffected  learning,  fidelity  to  the  souls 
of  men,  and  deep  and  chastened  devotion,  characterize  the  sermons 
of  Dr.  Doddridge." 

"  The  Family  Expositor  is  a  very  judicious  work.  It  has  long 
been  highly  esteemed,  and  is  worthy  of  all  the  credit  it  has  among 
religious  people."— DB.  ADAM  CLARKE. 

"  In  the  critical  part  of  the  New  Testament,  I  know  of  none  bet 
ter  than  Hammond  or  Whitby ;  and  for  the  harmony,  commentary, 
and  short  notes,  Doddridge  will  prove  most  useful."— KNOWLES. 

It  is  unnecessary  to  speak  its  praise.  Hervey  thought  he  occa 
sionally  leaned  to  the  trimming  side ;  but  who  is  unexceptionable? 
Perhaps  there  is  more  feebleness  than  positive  trimming  in  his 
doctrinal  statement."— Bicker steth's  Cliristian  Student. 

Ihe  same  writer  thus  refers  to  the  Course  of  Lectures  on 
Pneumatology,  Ethics,  and  Divinity,  with  Lectures  on 
Preaching : 

"Much  maybe  learned  from  this  learned  and  devout  writer :  he 
has  many  judicious  criticisms  on  different  authors;  but  there  is  a 
tone  of  excessive  candour,  bordering  upon  Latitudinarianism,  espe 
cially  in  giving  top  great  weight  to  objections,  when  treating  up^ 
the  Evidences  and  Doctrines.  His  criticisms  on  theological  writers 
in  his  preaching  Lectures,  not  duly  respecting  Evan<^lin  1  TXnntrln 
fail  in  discrimination.  See  his  Criticisms™ Sloteon  Sow' 
Atterbury."— BICKERSTETH,  uU  supra. 

Sir  James  Stonehouse  remarks,  in  his  Correspondence, 
that  Doddridge's  three  Sermons  on  the  Evidences  of  the 
Gospel,  and  his  Rise  and  Progress  of  Religion  in  the  Soul, 


particularly,  were  of  great  use  in  removing  his  prejudices 
against  Christianity,  and  forming  him  to  the  love  and  prac 
tice  of  religion. 

We  may  give  another  instance  of  the  benefit  resulting 
from  the  Sermons  on  the  Evidences  of  Christianity: 

"  It  gave  the  author  singular  pleasure  to  know  that  these  ser 
mons  were  the  means  of  convincing  two  gentlemen,  of  a  liberal 
education  and  distinguished  abilities,  that  Christianity  was  true 
and  divine ;  and  one  of  them  became  a  zealous  preacher,  and  an 
ornament  of  the  religion  he  had  once  denied  and  despised." — Mid- 
dleton's  Evangel.  Biog. 

The  Sermons  on  the  Evidences  are  pub.  by  the  London 
Tract  Society  for  3d.  Mcllvaine's  Evidences  of  Chris 
tianity  is  one  of  the  best  manuals  on  the  subject,  and  has 
been  the  means  of  convincing  many  skeptics  of  the  truth 
of  the  Gospel.  Such  books  should  be  widely  circulated 
among  unbelievers,  or  those  who  have  lingering  doubts 
upon  this  all-important  subject. 

"  Doddridge  was  a  burning  and  shining  light  which,  in  days  of 
more  than  ordinary  coldness,  Divine  Providence  was  pleased  to 
enkindle,  in  order  to  impart  both  warmth  and  illumination  to  the 
professing  Christian  world." — BISHOP  JEBB. 

Dodds,  James.     A  Century  of  Scottish  History,  8vo. 

"It  displays  much  judgment  and  discrimination."—  Witness. 

Dodgson,  Charles,  D.D.,  d.  1795,  Bishop  of  Ossory, 
1765;  trans,  to  Elphin,  1775.  Serms.,  1761,  '68. 

Dodington,  George  Bubfo,  Lord  Melcombe,  1691- 
1762,  a  statesman  of  considerable  notoriety  in  his  day,  is 
best  known  by  his  Diary,  1749-61,  pub.  by  Mr.  H.  P.  Wynd- 
ham,  Lon.,  1785,  8vo;  1823. 

"  The  Diary  of  Dodington,  Lord  Melcombe,  must  by  no  means 
be  neglected,  for  by  its  means  we  are  allowed  a  slight  glance  into 
the  intrigues  and  cabals  of  the  times.  It  is  generally  amusing, 
and  sometimes  important."— Prof.  Smyth's  Lect.  on  Mod.  Hist. 

"An  admirable  picture  of  himself,  and  an  instructive  lesson  for 
future  statesmen." — Edin.  Review. 

Dodington  pub.  some  poetical  and  political  pieces;  see 
Park's  Walpole's  R.  and  N.  Authors. 

"  Mr.  Dodington  has  written  some  very  pretty  love-verses,  which 
have  never  been  published." — LORD  LYTTELTON:  Note  to  an  Eclogue 
entitled  Hope,  inscribed  to  Dodington. 

Dodington,  J.     Govt.  of  France,  Lon.,  1657. 

Dodritius,  J.  Acta  in  Comitiis  Parliamentaribus, 
Londini,  Anno  MDXCIIL,  Contra  Catholicos  etPuritanos, 
1593,  8vo. 

Dods,  John  Bovee,  b.  1795,  in  the  State  of  N.  York. 
1.  Thirty  Sermons,  8vo.  2.  Philosophy  of  Mesmerism. 
3.  Philosophy  of  Electrical  Psychology.  4.  Immortality 
Triumphant,  &c.  5.  Spirit  Manifestations  Examined  and 
Explained,  N.  Y.,  1854. 

"No  one  whose  mind  is  given  to  an  investigation  of  the  matter, 
should  neglect  the  perusal  of  this  volume.  It  is  both  curious  and 
instructive." — GEO.  RIPLEY. 

Dods,  Mrs.  Margaret.  The  Cook  and  Housewife's 
Manual,  10th  ed.,  Edin.,  1853,  12mo. 

"  A  valuable  compendium  of  culinary  knowledge."— Edinburgh 
Oourant. 

"The  book  is  really  most  excellent  miscellaneous  reading."— 
Slackwood's  Magazine. 

Dodsley,  Robert,  1703-1764,  a  bookseller  and  author 
of  considerable  note,  a  native  of  Mansfield,  Nottingham 
shire,  was  an  apprentice  to  a  tradesman,  and  subsequently 
a  footman.  In  1732  he  pub.  a  volume  of  poems  under  the 
title  of  The  Muse  in  Livery,  or  the  Footman's  Miscellany. 
His  next  essay  in  literature  was  a  dramatic  piece  entitled 
The  Toy  Shop,  the  MS.  of  which  he  sent  to  Pope  for  his 
perusal  and  opinion.  The  great  poet  saw  the  merit  of  the 
production,  recommended  the  piece  to  Mr.  Rich,  the  mana 
ger  of  Covent-garden  Theatre,  and  became  henceforth  the 
author's  friend  and  patron.  Dodsley  now  determined  to 
set  up  a  bookstore,  and  his  success  proved  that  he  had  not 
been  too  sanguine  in  his  expectations.  He  soon  gave  to 
the  world  two  more  dramatic  pieces,  The  King  and  the 
Miller  of  Mansfield,  and  The  Blind  Beggar  of  Bethnal 
Green.  In  1741  he  commenced  the  Weekly  Register,  of 
which  24  numbers  were  pub.  A  Select  Collection  of  Old 
Plays,  edited  by  Thomas  Coxeter,  1744,  12  vols.  12mo;  2d 
ed.,  by  Isaac  Reed,  1780,  12  vols.  cr.  8vo.  Many  copies  of 
this  ed.  were  destroyed  by  fire.  A  few  copies,  large  paper, 
were  printed,  which  have  be«n  sold  at  very  high  prices. 
New  ed.,  with  addit.  Notes  and  Corrections  by  Isaac  Reed, 
0.  Gilchrist,  and  the  editor,  J.  P.  COLLIER,  (q.  v.)  1825-27, 
12  vols.  cr.  8vo.  This  collection  contains  sixty  of  the  best 
and  scarcest  of  the  old  English  Plays,  beginning  with  the 
Moralities  or  Mysteries.  Much  valuable  information  is 
interspersed  throughout  the  volumes. 

"  We  may  here  perceive  how  this  noble  generation  of  poets,  some 
of  whose  names  are  not  familiar  to  us,  have  moulded  our  language 
with  the  images  of  their  fancy,  and  strengthened  it  by  the  stability 
of  their  thoughts." — DISRAELI. 

"  No  species  of  Fiction  is  so  delightful  as  the  Old  English  Drama ; 
even  its  inferior  productions  possess  a  charm  not  to  be  found  in 
any  other  kind  of  Poetry."— T.  B.  MACAULAY. 


DOD 


DOI 


The  Preceptor,  1748,  2  vols.  8vo.  This  is  a  collection  of 
miscellaneous  pieces.  Dr.  Johnson  furnished  the  Preface, 
and  The  Vision  of  Theodore  the  Hermit.  Trifles,  1748; 
A  Collection  of  Dodsley's  dramatic  pieces.  The  (Economy 
of  Human  Life,  1751,  Svo;  several  eds.  This  excellent 
moral  work,  written  by  Dodsley,  was  attributed  to  Lord 
Chesterfield.  Public  Virtue,  1754,  8vo,  by  Dodsley.  The 
Annual  Eegister,  commenced  in  1758  at  the  suggestion  of 
EDMUND  BURKE,  (q.  v.)  who  had  charge  of  it  for  some  time. 
It  is  still  pub.  In  this  year  he  produced  at  Covent-garden 
Theatre  his  tragedy  of  Cleone,  of  which  Johnson  said  that 
"  if  Otway  had  written  it,  no  other  of  his  pieces  would  have 
been  remembered."  Fables  of  Esop,  &c.,  1760.  A  Collec 
tion  of  Poems  by  several  hands,  1763,  6  vols.  8vo.  Fugi 
tive  Pieces,  1765,  2  vols.  8vo.  To  the  periodical  entitled 
The  World,  established  by  Dodsley  and  Moore,  the  former 
contributed  No.  32.  Miscellanies ;  Cleone,  Melpomene,  Ac., 
1772.  Dodsley  purchased  of  Johnson  in  1738,  London, 
(his  first  original  composition,  pub.  in  a  vol.)  for  ten  guineas ; 
and  in  1749  gave  him  fifteen  guineas  for  The  Vanity  of 
Human  Wishes.  Dodsley's  Poems,  which  possess  great 
merit,  are  pub.  in  vol.  xv.  of  Chalmers's  Collection  of  the 
Poets,  and  the  reader  will  find  interesting  particulars  con 
cerning  him  in  the  Biog.  Brit.,  and  in  Boswell's  Life  of 
Johnson. 

Dodson,  James.  The  Antilogarithmic  Canon,  1742, 
fol.  Mathemat.  Repository,  Lon.,  1748-55,  3  vols.  12mo. 

Dodson,  Jeremiah.     Serm.,  Lon.,  1688,  4to. 

Dodson,  John,  LL.D.  Dalrymple  Case,  Lon.,  1811, 
Svo.  Admiralty  Reports,  T.  T.  1811  to  E.  T.  1822,  Lon., 
1815-28,  2  vols.  Svo.  Dodson's  reports  were  continued  by 
Dr.  Haggard.  Dodson's  were  a  continuation  of  Edwards's. 

Dodson,  Joseph.     Serms.,  Lon.,  1720,  '28. 

Dodson,  Michael,  1732-1799,  an  English  lawyer. 
New  trans,  of  Isaiah,  with  Notes  supplementary  to  those  of 
Dr.  Lowth,  <fcc.,  Lon.,  1790,  Svo. 

"  Dodson  thought  he  discovered  nu: 
mistakes  and  defects  in  Bishop  Lowth's  version.' 

See  Orme's  Bibl.  Bib.  and  Home's  Bibl.  Bib.  for  an  ac 
count  of  the  controversy  connected  with  this  work.  Me 
moirs  of  Rev.  H.  Farmer.  He  pub.  eds.  of  Sir  M.  Foster's 
Trial  of  the  Rebels,  1762,  '76,  '92,  and  his  Life  in  1811. 
See  Watt's  Bibl.  Brit. 

Dodson,  Wm.  Draining  of  the  Great  Level  of  the 
Fen  called  Bedford  Level,  Lon.,  1665,  4to. 

Dodswell,  Dr.     Hydatides  in  Sheep,  Ac.,  1778. 

Dodsworth,  Roger,  1585-1654,  a  learned  and  indus 
trious  antiquary,  wrote  122  folio  vols.  (never  pub.)  which, 
with  40  more  collected  by  him,  are  now  in  the  Bodleian 
Library.  See  Bishop  Nicolson's  Eng.  Hist.  Lib.  22.  He 
designed  using  some  of  these  materials  in  a  History  of  the 
Antiquities  of  Yorkshire,  but  the  project  was  not  completed. 
He  was  the  coadjutor  of  SIR  WILLIAM  DUGDALE  (q.  v.)  in 
the  Monasticon  Anglicanum,  Lon.,  1655,  '61,  '71,  3  vols.  fol. 

"He  was  a  man  of  wonderful  industry,  but  less  judgment; 
always  collecting  and  transcribing,  but  never  published  anv 
thing."— WOOD. 

Mr.  Gough  says  that  in  the  first  part  of  this  description 
Wood  draws  his  own  character.  See  Gough's  Topography, 
vol.  i. ;  Archseol.  vol.  i. 

Dodsworth,  Wm.  Cathedral  of  Salisbury,  1792. 
Hist.  Acct.  of  the  Church  of  Sarum,  &c.,  1814,  r.  4to. 

Dodsworth,  Wm.  Discourses  on  the  Lord's  Supper, 
1835,  12mo ;  3d  ed.,  1841, 12mo.  The  Church  of  England ; 
a  Protest  against  Romanism  and  Dissent,  1836,  ISmo. 
Why  have  you  become  a  Romanist?  a  Letter  to  Mr.  Sib- 
thorp,  2d  ed.,  1842,  Svo.  We  suppose  that  Mr.  Sibthorp's 
answer  was  not  satisfactory,  as  Mr.  Dodsworth  has  followed 
him  to  Rome  to  see  for  himself.  Priest's  Companion ;  new 
ed.,  1846, 12mo.  Signs  of  the  Times,  1849, 12mo.  Angli 
canism  considered  in  its  Results,  1851,  12mo.  Comments 
on  Dr.  Pusey's  Letter  to  the  Bp.  of  London,  2d  ed.,  1851, 
Svo.  Further  Comments,  1851,  Svo.  Other  works. 

Dodwell,  Col.  Edward.  Classical  and  Topographi 
cal  Tour  through  Greece,  1801,  '05,  '06,  Lon.,  1818.  2  vols. 
4to.  70  Plates.  Pub.  at  £10  10s. 

"  By  far  the  best  work  on  Greece."— Da.  E.  D.  CLARKE. 

"  This  work  displays  great  research,  aided  and  directed  by  much 
preparatory  knowledge,  and  a  sound  judgment  and  good  taste."— 
Stevenson's  Voyages  and  Travels.  ' 

Thirty  Views  in  Greece,  1821,  r.  fol.,  pub.  at  £18  18s. 
Cyclopian  or  Pelasgic  Remains  in  Greece  and  Italy,  131 
drawings,  1834,  imp.  fol.  Pub.  at  £6  16*.  6rf. 

Dodwell,  Henry,  1641-1711,  wag  educated  at  Trinity 
College,  Dublin,  of  which  city  he  was  a  native.  In  1674 
he  adopted  London  as  his  residence,  and  in  1688  was  elected 
Camden  Professor  of  History  at  Oxford.  He  lost  this  post 
in  1691,  in  consequence  of  his  refusal  to  take  the  oaths  of 


allegiance  to  William  and  Mary.  He  was  a  man  of  great 
learning  and  remarkable  industry.  Of  his  many  publica 
tions  we  notice  the  following:  Two  Letters  of  Advice, 
Dubl.,  1672,  Svo.  Separation  of  Churches  from  Episcopal 
Govt.  proved  Schismatical,  Lon.,  1679,  4to.  Reply  to  Rd. 
Baxter's  pretended  Confutation  of  the  above,  Ac.,  1681, 
8vo.  Dissertationes  Cyprianicae,  1682,  fol.  This  is  gene 
rally  appended  to  Bp.  Fell's  ed.  of  St.  Cyprian,  Oxf.,  1684, 
Svo.  Discourse  concerning  the  one  Altar  and  the  one 
Priesthood,  insisted  upon  by  the  Ancients  in  their  argu 
ments  against  Schism,  Lon.,  1683,  Svo.  De  Jure  Laicorum, 
<fec.,  1686,  Svo.  Prselectiones  Academicse  in  Schola  His- 
torices  Camdeniana,  Oxf.,  1692,  Svo. 

"  Highly  serviceable  to  all  such  as  shall  hereafter  engage  in  these 
studies."— BP.  NICOLSON. 

Annales  Velleiani,  Qvintilianei,  Statiani,  Oxf.,  1698,  Svo ; 
1708,  Svo;  Lugd.  Bat.,  1719.  Annales  Thucydidei  et  Xeno- 
phontei,  Ac.,  Synopsi  Chronologica,  Oxf.,  1702,  4to. 

"Dodwell's  learning  was  immense;  in  this  part  of  history  espe 
cially  (that  of  the  Tipper  Empire)  the  most  minute  fact  or  passage 
could  not  escape  him ;  and  his  skill  in  employing  them  is  equal  to 
his  learning.  The  worst  of  this  author  is  his  method  and  style ; 
the  one  perplexed  beyond  imagination,  the  other  negligent  to  a 
degree  of  barbarism." — Gibbon's  Miscellaneous  Works. 

De  Veteribus  Grsecorum  Romanorumque  cyclis,  <fcc.,  Oxf., 
1701,  4to.  An  Epistolary  Discourse,  proving,  from  the 
Scriptures  and  first  Fathers,  that  the  Soul  is  a  principle 
naturally  mortal,  but  immortalized  actually  by  the  pleasure 
of  God  to  punishment,  or  to  reward,  by  its  union  with  the 
divine  baptismal  spirit.  Wherein  is  proved  that  none  have 
the  power  of  giving  this  immortalizing  spirit  since  the 
Apostles,  but  only  the  Bishops,  Lon.,  1706,  Svo. 

"  Its  absurdity  is  so  evident,  that  only  the  character  of  Dodwell, 
and  the  seriousness  and  labour  with  which  he  defended  it,  could 
persuade  us  to  think  that  he  believed  it  himself.  The  work  is  very 
curious,  as  a  specimen  of  the  torture  to  which  a  corrupted  creed  or 
system  is  capable  of  putting  the  Scriptures.  It  contains  some  sin 
gular  remarks  on  the  scriptural  distinction  between  sold  and  spirit 
which  is  the  foundation  of  his  whole  hypothesis." — Orme's  Bibl.  Bib. 

This  work  elicited  several  treatises  in  support  of,  and  in 
opposition  to,  Dodwell's  sentiments.  Among  the  writers 
were  John  Broughton,  D.D.,  H.  Layton,  W.  Coward,  M.D., 
F.  Gregory,  Saml.  Bold,  Danl.  Whitby,  Jos.  Pitts,  Edmund 
Chishull,  Thomas  Mills,  and  Dr.  Samuel  Clarke.  The  last 
named  was  the  most  distinguished  of  the  opponents.  Dod 
well  believed  that  all  who  were  not  circumcised  under  the 
law,  and  all  who  are  not  baptized  under  the  gospel,  are 
condemned  to  annihilation  or  to  eternal  sleep.  Joseph 
Hallett  held  the  same  opinion.  See  Dodwell's  Life,  with 
an  Account  of  his  Works,  and  an  Abridgment  of  them 
that  are  published,  and  of  several  of  his  MSS.  by  Francis 
Brokesby,  1715,  2  vols.  Svo;  2d  ed.,  1723,  2  vols.  8vo. 

Dodwell,  Henry,  eldest  son  of  the  preceding,  a  bar 
rister,  was  skeptical  in  his  opinions,  and  pub.  in  1742  a 
tract  entitled  Christianity  not  founded  in  Argument.  It 
was  answered  by  Doddridge,  Leland,  and  the  author's  bro 
ther  William. 

Dodwell,  Wm.,  1709-1785,  younger  brother  of  the 
preceding,  became  Rector  of  Shottesbrooke,  Vicar  of  Buck- 
lersbury,  Prebendary  of  Salisbury,  and  Archdeacon  of 
Berks.  He  pub.  many  serms.  and  theolog.  treatises,  1743- 
67.  Serm.  on  a  Rational  Faith,  1745,  Svo.  This  is  an 
answer  to  his  brother  HENRY'S  (q.  v.)  Christianity  not 
founded  on  Argument.  Practical  Discourses,  1784-89,  2 
vols.  8vo.  Free  Answer  to  Dr.  Middleton's  Inquiry  into 
the  Miraculous  Powers  of  the  Primitive  Church,  1749,  Svo. 
The  Sick  Man's  Companion,  or  the  Clergyman's  Assistant 
in  Visiting  the  Sick,  1767,  Svo.  This  and  Paley's  work 
are  recommended  to  candidates  for  holy  orders  by  Bishop 
Van  Mildert.  The  Athanasian  Creed  vindicated  and  ex 
plained  in  three  Charges,  Oxf.,  1802,  sm.  Svo. 

Doe,  Charles.    Works  of  Grace,  Lon.,  Svo. 

Dogget,  Thomas,  an  actor  and  author,  d.  1721.  The 
Country  Wake,  a  Comedy,  1696, 4to.  Altered  into  a  Ballad 
Farce,  under  the  title  of  Flora,  or  Hob  in  the  Well. 

Dogherty,  Mrs.  Ronaldsha,  1808, 3  vols.  Castle  of 
Walforth  and  Monteagle,  1812,  4  vols. 

Dogherty,  Hugh.    The  Discovery,  1807,  12mo. 

Dogherty,  Thomas,  d.  1805.  The  Crown  Circuit 
Assist.,  Lon.,  1787,  Svo ;  Supplet.,  1787,  '90,  Svo.  New  ed. 
of  Sir  Matt.  Bale's  Historia  Placitorum  Coronse :  the  Hist. 
of  the  Pleas  of  the  Crown,  1800,  2  vols.  r.  Svo. 

Doig,  David,  d.  1800,  aged  81.  Two  Letters  on  the 
Savage  State;  addressed  to  the  late  Lord  Kames,  Lon., 
1792,  12mo.  Poem,  1796,  4to.  Dissert,  on  the  Ancient 
Hellenes,  in  Trans.  Roy.  Soc.,  1794. 

Doig,  David.  To  this  gentleman  we  are  indebted  for 
the  able  article  on  Philology  in  the  7th  ed.  Encyc.  Brit. 

"A  production  evincing  uncommon  learning,  research,  and  in 
genuity."— Bath  Herald. 

611 


DOL 

Dolben,  John,  1626-1680,  educated  at  CbrUt  Church, 
Oxford  j  Prebendary  of  Hi.  Paul'*,  1661;  Bl«nop  of  Bo- 
ebMter,  1666  {  ArobbUhop  of  York,  i 

«  II*  wa»  riot  f  «ry  e»r*r.  .  *,ruwna,  which  much  d«- 

W.iknowoi  ..iily  Uirw.  ilmi.  wore  pnb.,  riz.  :  two  in  1065; 
and  one  In  1666,  t.ii  ,.,  n  , 
Dolben,  ftir  John,  D.D.,  Prebend  of  Durham.    Con- 

.•i.,ii.|  <  li-.rum   on  M-  i-.  all.  I,  172fl,  Mo. 

Dolby,  ICi.  liiinl.     The  Cook's  Dictionary  and  HOUNO- 

iMtpttr'H  lliru-l.ory,   Lon.,  p.  Hvo. 

ill  ih,  I  l.hu  vurifcHt  K'», 

M.  •itiijMtliiiii'M,  with  -a  throat* 

-  .....  i  ,,,!„.,  ,11  n,.  v.,v  '••    Lon  Ladv'tMag, 


•,.,,.1  i..,,- 

Dolby,  Thoiiuii.    'II..-:  I.  "I.   P<-«i""  I'H-l.ionnry,  Lon., 

1M2,  HVO  ami  Junto.    An  excel!'  "I  book 
l>oi<  111,111,  John*    Trana.  of  the  Queitlona  of  Cicero, 

I   .'.I,   >'.vo. 

Doii  mil  M,  Nic.  or  Robert.    See  PAUHOHB,  ROBERT. 
i»,,i,  i,  sii  I  >  it  n  i«i.     Charge*  to  Grand  Jurlei,  Lou., 
I-.  •-,  '26, 
Holland.     H«e  Doi.LOWD* 

Dolliiiiin,  1'iaiM  I*  T.      Kxampli^  ..C  Anrii-.nl   I'ulpiu 

exiting  in  K.iKlimd,  I-""-,  1  84'.',  r.  •)!..  ;  ::o  piuUM,  three  of 
uin.-h  am  highly  flnlahed  In  oolouru,  restored  accurately 
from  the  MUuttfj  indinitlorti. 

Doiloiid,  John,  1706-1761,  the  dUooverer  of  the  lawa 
of  the  dUpemlou  of  light,  and  the  Inventor  of  the  achro 
matic  telescope.  He  pub.  a  number  of  paper*  on  toleucopea, 
Ao,  l»  iMni.  TTM  ,  i.  •.".,  '.'18. 

Dolloiul,  I'rtur,  1730  1820,  ton  of  the  preceding. 
An.  •.,  mil  .  ..I  ih,  i  'i  "loby  John  Dollond,  Ac.,  Lon., 

1789,  4to.  Con.  to  PbU.  TlWU.  OB  Light,  •*«•,  1772,  '7'.»,  ''.>.-. 

Dollliail,    NIC.   in     Kobi-ll.  .        I'     ,      i.NM,    llollKHT. 

i),,,,,.  1,111-,,  C«corge  ivtei.     riui..  ,ri,ia-  AL.HIO 

main-Ill    Nrwliilllllllli-.    IlllCillllli.   ,    I,,,  II.,     li  .".II,    '.'.    Vtdh.    KVO. 

Donerham,  Adam  «i<  .    Hiitorlo*  de  i;.  I.UH  Geatia 

«.  .....  iiioiiHlhiiH,  KdiLTI..  llniiin-,  <)\,.n.,  1727,2vols.  8vo. 

Doim  1C  ,  IMiilobelh.     S,  -,  ,„  ,  L741  Hvo. 

Donnci,  \Vni.,  M  l>.  nk.rn.  ..n  M.ih.i  ...  ii  |.|  i.-,-  i.,  i 
invalids,  Lon.,  1810,  8vg. 

Domini,  i-l,  !(.,  M   l>.      Walur  Itnllin,  A.-.,  l.i.n.,  I7SI), 

Hvo.  Medical  Anocdotoa  of  thu  IHM!,  .HO  your*,  tllii.jnii.-,! 
williMtHlimlTrutliM,  17HI,Hvo.  Ampthill  Moilirino  loll,., 
1788,  Hvo. 

l>oiiiiiurli,    \mli.-\\,  D.D.      ,  ,ini  ,  |i,i,'.    ||,  i. 

l>(»ll,  Dtiviil.  I'roilroniiiM  l''loi,r  \,-|M|,-H  i  .  I'limlM 
in  No|>al  and  adjacent  Countrlen,  1826,  12mo.  Tlii«  work 
oontuiiiH  nytitemiitloul  duHoriptioiiH  in  Lutiu  ,.r  :;yi  -.CII.TU 
and  864  Hpecbn  of  plant*.  Ai  ii>o  ,-11,1  i.-,  an  in,|,-\.  \viih 
reference  to  the  Linnieau  ohtHHOH  and  ordora. 

"  Auoxinioitlii|{l.v  UfwfxU  WOrk          \    '  ••"/  l-if'-r  '.fniYitnit  h\ixhit>H. 

l)ou,  <:i-or«r.      S.vnliuii    ..f    lliirdKniiiK    and    linlmiv. 

Lon.,  ls:tl    ;tS,  4  volM.  r.  llo,  pp.  iJ'JM)  ;   nian.v  illiislnilion's. 

TblM  invulualdo  work,  loundod  on  Millor'n  (hinlni.-i  's  hi,- 

tlonary,  although  pub.  at  XI  1  S*.  por  »n»py.  and  Ooatln|  m 

paper  and  print  nl»no  upuard.-.  <>l  ('•;.  ran  n,.\\  !•>•  liml  for 
ill'.  'ill  tliniv  -.liillii,,..-i.  Tlio  i-\.-,'.llon,-o  of  Hi,'  u,.rk  nr.'d 

not  be  enlarged  upon,  Kvory  one  who  has  ft  gardi-u  or 
field  should  have  l>on'.s  DI.-I  .....  uj, 

l>ou,  JUIUCN.     Hoi-tun  Oautubrlgienaia  ;  13th  ed.  by 

P.  N.  Don,  Lou.,  Svo.  'I'lu.s  (M|IH,.U  in,-lndos  tho  addin.'ii-. 
and  iiuptoMMuiinlM  of  Ilio  Connor  inlitor.s,  Pur.sh,  Lindlo\  , 

and  Sinclair. 

Domtltl,  JnmoM.  Land  l>ralnage,Ao.,Lon.,1851,12mo. 
"A  moht  vnlunblw  MdUUlou  to  thi)  l'oni»»r  tit^tl(«<ti  on  (trttlulug: 
the  Author  nhowHM  truo  pimitlw,  ami  M  large  iH4U)uvuou»luu."  — 


-.          • 

l».»iuild,  Itohrrt.  New  System  of  National  and 
Practical  AgrUutltnro.  (hiiltord,  1822,  12mo.  Written  In 
hexameter  vwrae  J  Other  pieces  are  included. 

>trj  i,  .u,na,i>j,  bui 


. 

l>ouuldM.u.     Puktooth  for  ^.  . 

KlaM  for  AtUoisi,  and  fn-phuv  !  Bys,  I2iuo. 

In  verse. 

l>,.,mld,ou,  .luuu-s.  Tilling  and  Manuring  the 
a™umlmSvH>tuu>d,Kdin.,ltn>7,l-Jm».  HuO,  u.dry  Anatom- 
Ued,  Uu.,  ItiyT,  I'Jmo.  U.^hlv  oomuu-.uK-d  \,v  S^-olvh 
agrtoulturnl  writer*. 

UoimhUoii,  Jtuuott.  Modern  Agriculture  Edln., 
ma-We..'.  -  Mhoru<,  -ioult.  work*. 

••  llo  IIVMU  tho  »«U*ft||  thi*t  i-omo  uiuU-r  UU  view  IU»TWV  juUl- 
otauu  Mini  eitllx;Utt>ii«H\  UIHUUOI  "  /»••/*  i^iN,.,,^  .jtfm-w«  fiiuc  r 

noimhlMMi,  Join..  ,t.  a'imtWoV 

EaiuburKh.     Klemeuta  of  Uwuity,  Ao.,  Kdin.,   ITS* 
Vol.  of  Poeuas, 

UoimidMou,  Juhu.  Works  on  Political  Economy. 
Ae.,  nw  y«;. 


DON 

Donuldnon,  ProfcMNor  John,  an  eminent  agricul- 
lurint  Treati«e  on  Mauurow  and  ^rasHCB,  Lon.,  1842.  Svo ; 

IM»5,  Hvo. 
"  By  fnr  th«  best  treatise  on  m»nurt-H  thiat  Jm«  appeared."— £ou- 

.//,»'«  UiffrHi-r'f.  Miy.,  April.  \".Vi. 

Cultivated  Plant*  of  the  Farm,  1847,  12uio.    The  Ene- 

ini.::-.  ••,  Aj.Ti.-uM.unt,  IH1H,  12/no.  Land  ,Sl«:w;nd  und  Farm 
Bailiff,  1848,  Svo.  Bayldon'a  Art  of  Valum-  J{.:nts  and 
Tillages ;  6th  ed.  rewritten  and  enlarged  by  J.  Donaldson. 
-  H..wrltt«n  by  one  of  th«  best  practical  aKiiculturixtH  5n  the 
c,, iinli  ,  '•  ••  '.  •  M  "i 

"  'J'ldx  work  Nhould  be  read  by  every  one  h«vin«  an  interost 
In  the  uoll,  whether  ax  landlord,  tenant,  or  a«out."— Marie  Lane, 
Exprew. 

IniprnviMl  Farm  llnil.liii^,  with  72  dcKigiiH,  18.11,410. 
Hay  Land:-,  and  l,>,;uny  Soils,  |«.r,2,  I2mo.  Soils  and  Ma- 
nures,  1862,  12rao.  Agricultural  Biography,  1-180- 1  KM, 
Lon.,  1864,  Svo.  This  excellent  work  includcH  the  lists  of 
\V.-:-.lon  and  Li.udon,  and  contuiiiH  -tin:!-  work-  not.  known 
to  ^hem.  Wo  have  frcrjuently  had  occasion  to  quote  it  in 
I  In-,  pn-.-.-.nl,  volume,,  and  aro  pli;a.st:d  to  ac,knowlcdgu  our 
obligationa. 

Donaldson,  ll<-v.  John  \Vm.  Latin,  (Jreck,  and 
ll.-l.i.-w  (ii-aiiuiiai-H,  and  ol.hcr«  educational  and  i:la.s.vii-al 
worka,  Lon.,  1839-63. 

Donaldson,  Joseph.    Recollections  of  a  Soldier, 
Kdin.,  12mo. 
"  We  cordially  recommend  tho  work."— Kcottish  Guardian. 

Donaldson,  T.  L.    Works  on  Architecture,  1833-47- 

Donaldson,  Thomas.     Serin.,  I,  ;  I,  Hvo. 

Donaldson,  Thomas.     J'OUUM,  |sos»,  Svo. 

Donaldson,  Walter,  a  native  of  Alicrdcon,  of  tho 
17th  century.  Synopsis  Moralis  Philosophi:<-,  Idol,  Svo; 
Franc.,  1622, 12mo.  Synopsis  Locorum  ootnmuniuiu,  Ac., 
Franc.,  1(512.  SynopniH  (Kc ini.-a,  I'uris,  1020. 

Donaldson,  \\  in.  A-riciillnro  con.sidcred  as  a  Moral 
ii nd  Political  Duty,  in  Letters  to  hi»  Majesty,  1776,  Svo. 

"Tim  Irlli-rs  .'in-  Mliolh  ivtn,s|irr!i\r  .-mil  :n:' ninriitaliv.t,  and 
lirlnr;  I'nrwiiril  in>  m<\\  phill  uf  coiilpl  clirnsion,  imr  in.-iUr  .-my  suj;- 
gestlon  of  liupDi-taiicu."-  /><>!/, il</  ,.,//'x  .\;,rii-nlt.  l'>i"<j. 

Douiit,  Mrs.,  and  >Ils.  Hudson.  Cookery,  I  S().J, Svo. 

Dour,  \\'m.  Stafford,  D.D.,  Prohondary  of  Lincoln, 
and  Archdeacon  of  I'.odfnnl.  St-rnis.,  I, on.,  I7>;(V,  Svo. 

I  >«>n- \\oilli,  Itichard.     Serin.,  Lon.,  1 70S,  4to. 

l>oiiKiii,  llajor.  Military  (.'ollections  and  Komarka, 
N.  York.  1777,  Svo. 

"1'ubllshixl  tor  tbn  btmi'tlt  of  tlm  Cbililivn  .-ind  Widows  of  tho 
\  ili  mi  •..  .|,|i,-i  •  luliuni.iu!  \  and  wantnnly  luilrlirivd,  \vlirii  [u^aco- 
ably  nmrchlnn  to  and  from  Concord,  April  19, 1775,  by  the  Kenels." 

fntiixtut'tiun. 

••  I'ln-.  \\,T|»  i-i-iitniiis  S,.\,T:I!  jini'.-d.'trs,  \,-.,  rolativo  to  tln>  AV;ir 
of  linlr|M.nil,.n,-i.."  A'lc/r.v  /.'I/'/.  .•|HI,T.  A'CIM. 

A  volnnif  of  great  rarity. 

Donn,  AlM-aham,  of'liidford,  I71S  -17-10.  Mathotnr.t. 
works  pnl..  l>\  ln>  brotlu-r,  luMijainin  Donn. 

Doun,  liciKiamin,  of  IHdford,  17L'D  17HS,  brother  of 
il.,-  piv.-i-diii!,'.  MatlitMiiaf.  Kssays,  IV;«S,  Svo.  Map  of 
Dovon  and  I'x.-i.-r,  Lon.,  I  7 «'.;>.  fol.  Othor  works.  1700-74. 

Donn,  James.     See  !>ON. 

Doniir,  It.     Tho  u.so  of  tlivrganon. 

Donne,  Ili'iy.      Knglish  History,  1S12,  ISmo. 

Domic.  Daniel.     Sonus.,  1623. 

Donne,  John,  l,>7:>  lOJU.an  oiuinont  divinoand  poet, 
was  a  native  of  London,  and  educated  in  tho  principles  of 
the  Church  of  Home,  of  which  his  parents  woro  devoted 
adherents.  Ue  studied  both  at  Oxford  and  Cambridge, 
and  distinguished  himself  greatly  by  his  remarkable  pro 
ficiency.  In  his  19th  year  he  subjected  the  respective 
i-hiims  of  the  Church  of  England  and  that  of  Koine  to  a 
careful  examination,  which  resulted  in  his  embracing  tho 
communion  of  tho  former.  He  pursued  for  some  time  tho 
study  of  the  law,  but  upon  inheriting  some  £3000  from  his 
father,  he  determined  to  follow  his  taste,  and  devote  him 
self  to  literary  pursuits.  Having  the  good  fortune  to  secure 
the  post  of  secretary  to  Lord  Chancellor  Kllestnere,  lu- 
gained  the  atVections  of  his  lady's  niece,  a  daughter  of  Sir 
George  Mooro,  Lieutenant  of  the  Tower,  and  ;v  private  mar 
riage  was  the  result.  Great  waa  the  indignation  of  the 
stem  father,  and  the  young  bridegroom  lost  his  situation, 
and  was  actually  for  a  time  imprisoned  in  the  Tower. 

When  42  years  of  ago,  at  the  urgent  solicitation  of  King 
James  I.,  bo  was  ordained,  and  soon  became  so  famous  as 
an  eloquent  preacher,  that  he  had  the  offer  of  14  different 
livings  within  the  first  year  of  his  ministry.  In  1621  he 
WM  appointed  l>eau  of  St.  Paul's.  Ho  enjoyed  great  repu 
tation  as  a  poet,  being  placed  at  the  head  of  the  Metaphy 
sical  School ;  and  after  long  neglect  has  received  some 
attention  within  the  last  few  years;  but  his  poetry  is  not 
of  M  character  calculated  to  gain  extensive  popularity.  He 


DON 

excelled  in  complimentary  addresses,  epigrams,  satires, 
elegies,  and  poems  of  a  theological  character. 

Among  his  most  remarkable  productions  are:  Pseudo- 
Martyr,  Lon.,  1610,  4to.  Polydoron,  1631,  12mo.  Juve 
nilia;  or  Paradoxes  and  Problems,  1633,  4to.  A  Paradox 
or  Thesis  on  Self-homicide,  1644,  4to.  Paradoxes,  Pro 
blems,  Essays,  and  Characters,  1652,  8vo.  His  sermons, 
which,  perhaps,  have  been  more  generally  admired  than 
his  lighter  works,  were  pub.  in  3  vols.  fol.,  1640,  '49,  '60. 
They  are  now  very  rare,  especially  the  3d  vol.  A  collec 
tive  edit,  of  his  poems,  including  Elegies  on  the  author's 
death,  was  pub.  in  1633,  4to  ;  1635,  '39,  '51,  '69, 12mo ;  with 
some  Account  of  the  Author,  1719,  12mo.  A  new  ed.  of 
his  Works,  including  his  Sermons,  Devotions,  Poems,  Let 
ters,  Ac.,  with  a  now  Memoir  by  the  Rev.  Henry  Alford, 
was  pub.  in  1839,  in  6  vols.  8vo,  Oxford.  We  presume  that 
this  edition  was  suggested  by  the  following  query  in  the 
London  Quarterly: 

«  We  cannot,  in  passing,  forbear  repeating  Mr.  Coleridge's  ques 
tion,  (Table  Talk.  p.  88, 2d  edit.,) '  Why  are  not  Donne's  volumes  of 
sermons  reprinted  at  Oxford  ?'  Surely  the  character  of  some  of  his 
juvenile  poems  cannot  be  the  reason!  .  .  .  Why  does  Oxford  allow 
one  hundred  and  thirty  sermons  of  the  greatest  preacher,  at  least, 
of  the  seventeenth  century — the  admired  of  all  hearers — to  remain 
all  but  totally  unknown  to  tho  student  in  divinity  of  the  Church 
of  England,  and  to  the  literary  world  in  general?"— lix.  6, 1837. 

The  reader  should  peruse  Izaak  Walton's  Life  of  Donne : 
his  description  of  him  as  a  preacher  is  truly  eloquent: 

"A  preacher  in  earnest;  weeping  sometimes  for  his  auditory, 
sometimes  with  them;  always  preaching  to  himself  like  an  Angel 
from  a  cloud,  but  in  none;  carrying  some,  as  St.  1'aul  was,  to  hea 
ven  in  holy  raptures;  and  enticing  others  by  a  Kicred  art  and 
courtship  to  amend  their  lives ;  here  picturing  a  vice  so  as  to  make 
it  ugly  to  those"  that  practised  it,  and  a  virtue  so  as  to  make  it  be 
loved  even  by  those  who  loved  it  not;  and  all  this  with  a  most 
particular  grace  and  an  inexpressible  addition  of  comeliness." 

Dryden  calls  Donne 

"The  greatest  wit,  though  not  the  greatest  poet,  of  our  nation." 

See  Biog.  Brit. ;  Walton's  Life  by  Zouch ;  Drake's  Shak- 
gpeare  and  his  Times ;  Retrosp.  Rev.,  viii.  31,  1823. 

Donne,  John,  LL.D.,  son  of  the  preceding.  The 
Humble  Petition  of  Covent  Garden  against  Dr.  John  Ba- 
ber,  a  physician,  1662.  Dr.  John  Donne,  Jr.,  docs  not 
seem  to  have  maintained  the  family  honours : 

"  He  was  no  better  all  his  lifetime  than  an  atheistical  buffoon, 
a  banterer,  and  a  person  of  over-free  thoughts." — WOOD. 

Donne,   William    Bodham.      1.  Essays  on   the 

Drama,  Lon.,  1857,  p.  8vo.  2.  School  History  of  Rome, 
1857. 

Donnegan,  James,  M.D.  Greek-and-English  Lexi 
con,  Lon.,  1826,  8vo;  4th  ed.,  1842,  8vo;  1846. 

"  An  important  acquisition  to  such  of  our  countrymen  as  are 
desirous  of  gaining  a  knowledge  of  the  Greek  language." — DR. 
MALTBT,  Bishop  of  Durham. 

Donnel,  J.  A.,  M.D.     Hydrophobia,  1813,  8vo. 

Donoghue.    Poems,  1797,  '99. 

Donoughmore,  Earl  of.  See  HUTCHINSON,  RICH 
ARD  H. 

Donovan,  Edward.  Works  on  British  Natural  Hist, 
viz.:  Insects,  16  vols.;  Birds,  10  vols.;  Shells,  5  vols.; 
Fishes,  5  vols. ;  Quadrupeds,  3  vols. ;  together  39  vols.  8vo, 
pub.  at  £6  6«.  9rf.  Nat.  Hist,  of  the  Insects  of  China; 
new  ed.  by  J.  0.  Westwood,  1842,  4to,  pub.  at  £6  6*.  Nat. 
Hist  of  the  Insects  of  India,  by  J.  0.  Westwood,  1842,  4to. 

"  Donovan's  works  on  tho  Insects  of  India  and  China  are  splen 
didly  illustrated,  and  extremely  useful." — Naturalist. 

"  A  great  number  of  species  are  here  delineated  for  the  first 
time." — SWAINSON. 

Instructions  for  preserving  Natural  Subjects.  Descrip 
tive  Excursions  through  South  Wales  and  Monmouthshire, 
1805,  2  vols.  8vo. 

"  A  work  of  high  and  various  merit."— Ion.  Annual  Kcview. 

Naturalist's  Repository  of  Exotic  History,  5  vols.  r.  8vo, 
pub.  at  £10  10«.  Other  works. 

Mr.  D.  was  so  fortunate  as  to  be  able  to  add  to  his  valuable 
collection  that  of  E.  M.  DA  COSTA,  7.  v. 

Donovan,  John.     Scorbutic  Diseases,  Ac.,  8vo. 

Donovan,  Michael.  Treatise  on  Chemistry,  4th  ed., 
1845,  2  vols.  12mo. 

"  The  best  existing  compendium  of  chemical  knowledge." — Edin. 
E.  Courant. 

Donovan,  Patrick.  Discursus,  Ac.  S.  Patricii  Iber- 
norum  Apostoli,  Duaci,  1617.  12mo. 

Donnelly,  R.     Chancery  Cases,  1837,  8vo. 

Doolittle,  Mark,  a  lawyer,  was  born  in  Massachu- 
sette  in  1781,  graduated  at  Yale  College,  1804.  Agricul 
tural  Address,  1826,  26  pp.  8vo.  Temperance  a  Source  of 
National  Wealth,  pp.  13,  8vo.  Hist,  of  the  Congregational 
Church  of  Belchertown,  Mass.,  282  pp.  12mo. 

Doolittle,  Samuel,  d.  1717.     Serms.,  Ac.,  1692, '93. 

Doolittle,  Thomas,  1630-1707,  an  eminent  Non- 


DOR 

Conformist  divine,  pub.  a  number  of  theolog.  works,  1665 
-98.  The  Complete  Body  of  Practical  Divinity,  1723,  fol. 
"  I  am  willing  this  should  be  a  flre-kindler  for  you  and  put  you 
n  the  way  to  set  conscience  about  its  work  when  you  come  to  that 
application  with  which  your  sermons  are  still  to  be  enlivened." — 
COTTON  MATHER. 

Dopping,  Dr.,  Bishop  of  Meath,  Ireland.  Moduste- 
nendi  Parliamentum  in  Hibernia,  Dubl.,  1692, 12mo;  1722, 
8vo.  Funl.  Serm.  on  the  Death  of  the  Archbp.  of  Dublin, 
1694,  4to. 

Doran,  John,  LL.D.,  b.  1807,  in  London, — family 
originally  of  Drogheda,  in  Ireland.  He  was  educated 
chiefly  by  his  father.  His  literary  bent  was  manifested  at 
the  age  of  15,  when  he  produced  the  melodrama  of  (1)  the 
"  Wandering  Jew,"  which  was  first  played  at  the  Surrey 
Theatre  in  1822  for  Tom  Blanchard's  benefit.  His  early 
years  were  spent  in  France.  He  was  successively  private 
tutor  in  four  of  the  noblest  families  in  Great  Britain.  2. 
History  of  the  Borough  and  Castle  of  Reading,  Berks, 
1832.  This  work  obtained  for  him  the  degree  of  M.A., 
and  subsequently  LL.D.,  by  the  University  of  Marbury. 
3.  Anthon's  Xenophon's  Anabasis,  with  Notes,  1846.  4. 
Life  of  Dr.  Young ;  which  is  prefixed  to  Tegg's  valuable 
edition  of  that  poet's  works.  5.  In  connexion  with  Mrs. 
Romer,  Filia  Dolorosa,  1853.  Although  Mrs.  R.'s  name 
appears  on  the  title-page,  she  had  written  but  a  few  pages 
when  she  was  attacked  by  a  fatal  illness :  the  work  was 
chiefly  written  by  Dr.  Doran.  6.  Table  Traits  and  Some 
thing  on  them.  7.  Habits  and  Men.  8.  Knights. and  their 
Days.  9.  Queens  of  England  of  the  House  of  Hanover. 
10.  Monarchs  retired  from  Business.  11.  History  of  Court 
Fools. 

"  Any  thing  more  quaint,  subtle,  and  surprising  than  Dr.  Doran's 
tale  of  the  origin  of  court  fools  is  scarcely  to  be  found  in  the  pages 
of  the  greatest  and  most  genial  humourists." — Ltm.  Athen. 

The  above  works,  Nos.  6-11,  have  passed  through 
various  edits,  and  have  been  reprinted  in  the  U.S.  Edited 
a  weekly  paper  for  nearly  eleven  years,  and  Bentley's 
Ballads,  to  which  he  contributed  some  original  pieces ;  also 
Last  Journals  of  Horace  Walpole,  1772-1782.  Contrib. 
largely,  in  prose  and  verse,  to  various  periodicals. 

Dorcaster,  Nicholas.  The  Confession  of  the  Ba 
nished  Ministers,  Wyttonburge,  1554,  16mo. 

Dore,  James.     Serms.,  Ac.,  1786-1806. 

Dorislaus,  Jo.  J.  C.  Prajlium  Nuportanum,  Lon., 
1640,  4to. 

Dorman.     Sir  Roger  de  Coverley,  1740,  Svo. 

"A  wretched  play." — Biog.  Dramat. 

Dorman,  Thomas,  a  R.  Catholic  writer,  d.  1572-77? 
pub.  several  controversial  tracts,  1564,  '65,  '67.  See  Athen. 
Oxon. 

Dorman,  or  Dormer,  Wm.  12  Serms.  preached  at 
the  Rolls  Chapel,  Lon.,  1743,  sm.  Svo. 

Dormer,  John,  e  Soc.  Jes.  Usury  Explained;  or 
Conscience  quieted  in  the  Case  of  putting  out  Money  to 
Interest,  anon.,  Lon.,  1696,  Svo. 

Dornan,  Robert.  Emancipation;  a  Poem,  Lon., 
1814,  8vo, 

Dorney.     Certain  Speeches,  1653. 

Dorney,  Henry.     Divine  Contemplations,  1684,  Svo. 

Dorney,  John.     Siege  of  Gloucester,  1643,  4to. 

Dornford,  J.     Hist,  and  Polit.  works,  1785-90. 

Dornford,  Robert.     Gospel  Light,  1652,  12mo. 

Dorr,  Benjamin,  D.D.,  b.  1796,  in  Massachusetts, 
grad.  at  Dartmouth  Coll.,  1817;  ordained  Deacon  by  Bp. 
Hobart,  1820,  and  Priest,  1823;  Rector  of  the  United 
Churches  of  Lansingburg  and  Waterford,  N.  Y.,  1820-29  ; 
Rector  of  Trinity  Church,  Utica,  N.  Y.,  1829-35 ;  succeeded 
Rt.  Rev.  Bishop  White  in  Christ  Church,  Phil.,  1837;  reed, 
honorary  degree  D.D.  from  Univ.  of  Penn.,  1838;  elected 
Bishop  of  Maryland,  1839,  but  declined  accepting  the  office. 
Hist.  Pocket  Prayer  Book,  written  by  itself,  16mo.  Church 
man's  Manual,  12mo.  Recognition  of  Friends  in  Another 
World,  32mo.  History  of  Christ  Church,  Phila.,  12mo,  pp. 
430.  Sunday  School  Teacher's  Encouragement,  32mo,  pp. 
52.  Prophecies  and  Types,  12mo,  pp.  72.  Invitation  to 
the  Holy  Communion,  16mo,  pp.  144.  Travels  in  the 
East,  1856,  12mo. 

"Dr.  Dorr's  works  have  had  an  extensive  circulation  among 
churchmen  in  the  United  States,  and  have  been  republished  in 
England  and  tho  British  Provinces." 

Dorr,  Julia  C.  R.,  b.  1825,  at  Charleston,  South  Caro 
lina,  the  daughter  of  Mr.  Wm.  Y.  Ripley,  and  wife  of  Mr. 
Seneca  M.  Dorr,  has  resided  since  her  marriage  at  Chatham 
Four  Corners,  Columbia  county,  New  York.  She  com 
menced  publication  in  1848,  and  since  then  has  contributed 
many  prose  and  poetical  articles  to  the  periodicals  of  the 
day.  Her  writings  have  been  much  admired. 

Dorrcl,  Hadrian.    Willobie  his  Avisa,  or  the  true 

613 


DOR 

Picture  of  a  modest  Maide,  and  of  a  chast  and  constant 
Wife,  Lon.,  1609,  4to. 

Dorrell,  John.     See  DARRELL. 

Dorrington,  Theop.  Reformed  Devotions,  Lon., 
1687,  8vo;  1701.  Family  Devotions,  3d  ed.,  1703,  4  vols. 
8vo.  Other  works. 

Dorset.  Essay  on  Defensive  War.  Philosophic  Venus. 
Condolence;  an  Elegiac  Poem. 

Dorset,  Mrs.  Peacock  at  Home  and  other  Poems,  1809. 

Dorset  and  Pembroke,  Anne,  Countess  of. 

^Dorset,  Charles  Sackville,  Earl  of,  1637-1706, 
•was  a  great  favourite  .with  the  wits  of  the  day.  He  wrote 
a  few  satires  and  songs,  which  possess  considerable  merit. 
His  most  celebrated  piece  was  a  Song  written  at  Sea  dur 
ing  the  Dutch  war,  1665,  the  Night  before  an  Engagement, 
"To  all  you  Ladies  now  on  land,"  «fec. 

"  I  would  instance  your  lordship  in  satire,  and  Shakspeare  in 
tragedy." — Dryden  to  Dorset. 

"  There  is  a  lustre  in  his  verses  like  that  of  the  sun  in  Claude 
Lorraine's  landscapes."— PRIOR. 

His  poems  will  be  found  in  Johnson's  Collection. 

"He  was  a  man  whose  elegance  and  judgment  were  universally 
confessed,  and  whose  bounty  to  the  learned  and  witty  was  generally 
known."— Life  by  Dr.  Johnson. 

Dorset,  Charles  Sackville,  Duke  of,  1711-1769, 
pub.  a  number  of  prose  and  poetical  compositions,  a  list 
of  which  will  be  found  in  Park's  Walpole's  R.  and  N.  Au 
thors. 

Dorset,  Edward  Sackville,  Earl  of,  1590-1652. 
Speeches,  1620,  '42,  '43,  '44. 

"  A  person  of  acute  parts,  who  had  a  great  command  of  his  pen, 
and  was  of  able  elocution." — WOOD. 

"  His  wit  was  pleasant,  sparkling,  and  sublime." — LORD  CLAREN 
DON. 

Dorset,  Richard  Sackville,  Earl  of,  d.  1677, wrote 
a  poetical  address  to  the  Memory  of  Ben  Jonson. 

Dorset,  Thomas  Sackville,  Earl  of,  and  Lord 
Buckhurst,  1536-1608,  was  not  more  distinguished  for 
his  high  official  position — Lord  High  Treasurer  of  England 
— than  for  the  excellence  of  his  poetical  compositions.  We 
have  already  referred  to  his  masterpiece,  The  Induction 
to  the  Mirrour  for  Magistrates,  (see  BALDWIN,  WILLIAM,) 
and  he  wrote  two  pieces  of  considerable  length  in  this  cele 
brated  collection.  Warton  gives  Sackville  the  merit  of 
being  the  primary  inventor  of  the  design,  but  Haslewood 
confers  it  upon  Baldwin.  See  authorities  referred  to  in 
article  BALDWIN,  WILLIAM.  Sackville  is  the  author,  or 
joint-author  with  Thomas  Norton,  of  the  first  tragedy  of 
any  consideration  in  the  English  language:  Ferrer  and 
Porrex,  commonly  called  Gorboduc,  1565,  4to.  Warton 
questions  Norton's  claim  to  any  share  in  the  authorship, 
but  the  three  first  acts  are  attributed  to  him.  Gorboduc  is 
in  five  acts,  and  in  regular  blank  verse,  though  Wood  tells 
us  that  it  is  written  in  "  old  English  rhyme !" — so  much 
had  it  become  neglected.  Pope  determined  to  revive  it, 
and  Spence  aided  the  design  by  acting  as  editor,  and  a  new 
edit,  was  pub.  in  1736,  8vo.  Warton  considers  the  plot  to 
be  "  naked  and  uninteresting,"  but  remarks : 

"  Yet  it  must  be  granted  that  the  language  of  Gorboduc  has  grea 
purity  and  perspicuity ;  and  that  it  is  entirely  free  from  that  tumid 
phraseology  which  does  not  seem  to  have  taken  place  till  play-writ- 
ing  had  become  a  trade,  and  our  poets  found  it  their  interest  to 
captivate  the  multitude  by  the  false  sublime,  and  by  those  exag 
gerated  imageries  and  pedantic  metaphors  which  are  the  blemishes 
of  the  scenes  of  Shakspeare,  and  which  are  at  this  day  mistaken 
for  his  capital  beauties  by  too  many  readers.  Here  also  we  have 
another  and  a  strongest  reason  why  this  play  was  never  popular.' 
— History  of  English  Poetry. 

The  same  eminent  authority  conceives  the  Induction  to 
the  Mirrour  for  Magistrates  to  have  been  the  model  of 
Spenser  in  the  repres*ntation  of  allegorical  personages, 
and  he  remarks  that  The  Complaint  of  Henry,  Duke  of 
Buckingham,  is  written 

"  With  a  force  and  even  elegance  of  expression,  a  copiousness  of 
phraseology,  and  an  exactness  of  versification,  not  to  be  found  in 
any  other  part  of  the  collection." 

Lord  Buckhurst's  Poetical  Works  were  reprinted  in  1820 
A  Latin  Epistle  of  his  lordship's  will  be  found  prefixed  tc 
Bartholomew  Clerke's  Latin  trans,  of  Castiglione's  Courtier 

"  Gorboduc  is  full  of  stately  speeches  and  well-sounding  phrases 
clyming  to  the  height  of  Seneca  his  style,  and  as  full  of  notable 
morahtie,  which  it  doth  most  delightfully  teach,  and  so  obtayne 
the  very  end  of  poesie."— Sir  Philip  Sidney's  Defence  of  Ftesie. 

"  In  his  graver  years,  the  brilliancy  of  his  imagination  grew  more 
correct,  not  less  abundant."— Hor.  Walpole's  R.  andN.  Authors,q.v 

See  Collins  s  Peerage  by  Brydges;  Biog.  Brit.;  Brit 
Bibliog. ;  Athen.  Oxon. ;  Puttenham's  Art  of  Poetry 

Dorsey,  Clement.  Test  Law  of  Maryland,  Bait. 
1838,  8vo.  Statutory,  Ac.  Law,  1692-1839,  3  vols.  8vo. 

Dorsey,  John  L.     Insolvency,  Bait.,  1832,  8vo. 

Dorsey,  John  Syng,  M.D.,  1783-1818,  an  eminen 
514 


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physician  of  Philadelphia.  Elements  of  Surgery,  1813, 2  vols. 
vo.  Cooper's  Surgery,  with  Notes.  Con.  to  periodicals. 
>ee  Thacher's  Amer.  Med.  Biog. 

Dorsey,  W.  Ejectment  in  Maryland,  with  Notes  and 
References  to  the  Present  Time,  by  R.  W.  Gill,  1841. 

Dorville.     Pauline,  1794,  2  vols.  12mo. 

Dossie,  Robert.  Works  on  Chemistry,  Surgery, 
Ac.,  Lon.,  1758-70.  Memoirs  of  Agriculture,  <fcc.,  1768-82, 
l  vols.  8vo :  commended  by  Donaldson's  Agricult.  Biog. 

Doubleday.     Con.  to  Med.  Obs.  and  Inq.,  1778. 

Doubleday,  Edward,  1810-1849.   1.  Nomenclature 
f  British  Birds,  Lon.,  p.  8vo.  2.  Genera  of  Diurnal  Lepi- 
doptera,  40  parts  imp.  4to;  80  coloured  plates  :  commended 
by  Lon.  Eclec.  Rev. 

Doubleday,  Thomas.  True  Law  of  Population, 
ion.,  8vo ;  3d  ed.,  1853.  Financial  and  Monetary  History, 
688-1847,  8vo,  1847. 

"  A  very  able,  painstaking,  and  useful  exposition  of  the  origin, 
rogress.  and  evil  consequences  resulting  from  our  funding  sys- 
3m." — Lon.  Atlas. 

Other  works. 

Douce,  Francis,  1757-1834,  an  antiquary  of  great 
earning,  "  The  Porson  of  old  English  and  French  Litera 
te,"  was  for  some  time  keeper  of  the  MSS.  in  the  British 
Museum.  Mr.  Nollekens,  the  sculptor,  left  him  a  large 
egacy,  which  placed  him  in  very  comfortable  circum 
stances,  though  it  does  not  seem  to  have  softened  his  irri- 
,able  temper. 

" '  Nullius  addictus  jurare  in  verba  magistri,'seemed,  of  all  others, 
:o  be  the  motto  by  which  he  was  guided — the  pivot  upon  which  his 
ntellectual  machinery  turned.  This  necessarily  at  times  led  him 
nto  errors,  if  not  into  scrapes.  He  would  neither  bend  nor  bow 
;o  any  man  breathing." — Dibdirfs  Reminiscences. 

He  is  introduced  in  the  BIBLIOMANIA  under  the  name  of 
PROSPERO,  and  many  references  to  him  and  his  valuable 
ibrary  will  be  found  in  the  two  works  just  named,  and  also 
n  The  Bibliographical  Decameron.  An  interesting  obituary 
notice  by  Wm.  Weller  Singer  will  be  found  in  the  Gent. 
Mag.  for  Aag->  1834.  In  addition  to  the  two  works  pub. 
under  his  own  name,  Mr.  Douce  contributed  largely  to 
many  works  pub.  by  others,  and  a  number  of  papers  to  the 
Archaeologia  and  to  the  Gent.  Mag. 

He  left  a  large  collection  of  valuable  MSS.,  which — in 
consequence  of  a  hostile  review  of  his  Illustrations  of 
Shakspeare  in  the  Edin.  Review — he  ordered  to  be  kept  in 
a  sealed  box  in  the  British  Museum  until  January  1,  1900, 
when  they  are  to  be  brought  to  light. 

The  Illustrations  of  Shakspeare  and  of  Ancient  Man 
ners,  with  Dissertations  on  the  Clowns  and  Fools  of  Shak 
speare,  on  the  collection  of  popular  tales  entitled  Gesta  Ro- 
manorum,  and  on  the  English  Morris  Dance,  was  first  pub. 
in  1807,  2  vols.  8voj  new  ed.,  1839,  8vo.  The  engravings 
are  by  Jackson. 

"  This  petty  sort  of  antiquarianism  probably  is  not  the  object  of 
any  one  who  takes  up  the  volumes  of  Shakspeare;  and  the  scanty 
elucidation  which  the  poet  now  and  then  receives  makes  us  but 
poor  amends  for  the  quantity  of  trash  which  is  obtruded  upon  us, 
with  or  without  the  apology  of  a  difficulty.  One  great  evil  of  this 
is  the  encouragement  of  pedantry  and  laborious  trifling.  ...  Of 
these  merciless  annotators,  however,  some  are  more  intolerable 
than  others.  .  .  .  Mr.  Douce,  we  suppose  is  as  good  as  any  of  them. 
Yet  we  think  him,  upon  the  whole,  very  feeble  and  very  dull ;  and 
must  set  down  his  book  among  those  which  it  is  impossible  to  pe 
ruse  without  feelings  of  compassion  for  the  incredible  labour  which 
has  been  expended  with  so  little  return  either  of  instruction  or 
amusement.  We  shall  give  a  few  specimens  both  of  what  appears 
trifling  and  foolish,  and  of  what  is  curious  and  new,  in  these  vo 
lumes."—  Edin.  Rev.,  1808,  xii.  469. 

"  I  look  upon  this  work  as  a  sort  of  Hortus  Shaksperianus,  from 
which  fruit  of  every  hue  and  flavour  may  be  safely  pluckt  and 
eaten.  The  research  and  learning  bestowed  upon  it  are  immense. 
I  once  attempted,  during  the  Horse  Subsecirie  of  a  watering-place, 
to  make  a  catalogue  of  the  authors  consulted  in  it ;  but  my  cou 
rage  or  patience  failed.  My  own  copy,  smartly  bound  antiijue-wise 
by  poor  George  Faulkener,  was  presented  to  a  young  and  intelli 
gent  Frenchman,  who  was  perfectly  SHAKSPEARK-MAD,  and  who 
devoured  its  pages  with  the  voracity  of  an  alderman  over  a  Ja 
maica  turtle." — DIBDIN  :  Library  Companion. 

"  In  the  criticisms  which  have  been  passed  upon  Mr.  Douce's  Illus 
trations  of  Shakspeare  and  Ancient  Manners,it  has  not,I  think,been 
generally  noticed  that  this  work  is  distinguished  for  the  singular 
diffidence  and  urbanity  of  criticism,  as  well  as  depth  of  learning 
which  it  evinces,  and  for  the  happy  illustrations  of  the  subjects 
discussed  by  means  of  fac  simile  wood-cuts."— Bibliomania. 

Mr.  Douce's  Dissertation  on  the  Dance  of  Death,  accom 
panied  with  fifty-four  engravings  on  wood,  pub.  by  Pick 
ering,  1833,  8vo,  should  be  carefully  perused  by  all  who 
take  an  interest  in  the  works  of  Hans  Holbein,  Macaber, 

&c.     In  this  vol.  will  be  found  an  ample  list  of  all  the 
Paintings  of  the  Dance  of  Death. 

Jackson,  in  speaking  of  the  original  edition,  (Lyons, 
1538,)  remarks : 

"  So  admirably  are  these  cuts  executed— with  so  much  feeling 
and  with  so  perfect  a  knowledge  of  the  capabilities  of  the  art— that 


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I  do  not  think  any  wood  engraver  of  the  present  day  is  capable  of 
surpassing  them.  The  manner  in  which  they  are  engraved  is  com 
paratively  simple;  there  is  no  display  of  fine  work  merely  to  show 
the  artist's  talent  in  cutting  delicate  lines.  Every  line  is  expres 
sive;  and  the  end  is  always  obtained  by  the  simplest  means." 

"  Holbein's  Dance  of  Death  is  unquestionably  a  masterpiece." — 
PAPILLON. 

Douch,  John.    England's  Jubilee ;  a  Serm.,  1660,  4to. 
Doudy,  Samuel.     Med.  con.  to  Phil.  Trans.,  1696. 
Douespe,  E.  P.  de  la.     Serm.,  1777,  4to. 
Dougall,  John,  d.  1822.  Mod.  Preceptor,<fcc.,1810,'13. 
Dougall,  Wm.     Con.  to  Med.  Comm.,  1785. 
Doughty.     Charity  Serm.,  1742,  8vo. 
Doughty,  Gregory.     Serm.,  Camb.,  1724,  4to. 
Doughty,  John,  1598  ?-1672,  Rector  of  Cheam,  Surrey, 
and  Prebendary  of  Westminster.     He  pub.  some  serms. 
and  theolog.  works,  the  best-known  of  which  is  Analecta 
Sacra,  Ac.,  Lon.,  1658,  8vo,  1660,  which  has  often  been 
reprinted  on  the  Continent. 

"  Doughty  endeavours  to  illustrate  various  parts  of  the  Old  and 
New  Testament  by  the  manners  and  customs  of  the  ancient  Gen 
tiles.  He  was  well  acquainted  with  them ;  but  is  more  successful 
in  elucidating  the  Old  than  the  New  Covenant  Scriptures." — Orme's 
Bibl.  Bib. 

Doughty,  John.     Serms.,  Lon.,  1744,  '52,  '61. 
Doughty,  Thomas.     Serms.,  1728,  '38. 
Douglas.     Botanical  papers  in  Trans.  Hortic.  Soc.,  <fcc. 
Douglas,  Dr.     Con.  to  Med.  Obs.  and  Inq.,  1778. 
Douglas,  Mrs.     Life  of  Prof.  Gellert,  Ac.,  1803. 
Douglas,  Rev.  Mr.     Edwin,  a  Trag.,  1784.  8vo. 
Douglas,  Alex.     Poems.     Cuper  Fife,  1806,  Svo. 
Douglas,  Andrew,  M.D.    Profes.  treatises,  1785,  '89. 
Douglas, Archibald,M.D.  Profes.  treatises,1758,'84. 
Douglas,  Charles.     The  Sea,  Phil.  Trans.,  1770. 
Douglas,  Charles  A.,  M.D.     Profes.  treatises  in  Ed. 
Med.  Ess.,  1738. 

Douglas,  David.  De  Naturae  Mirabilibus  Opusculum, 
Paris,  1524,  4to. 

Douglas,  Lady  Eleanor.  The  Day  of  Judgment's 
Model,  1646,  4to. 

Douglas,  Francis.  Four  Letters  on  Celibacy  and 
Marriage,  Lon.,  1771,  Svo,  anon.  East  Coast  of  Scotland, 
1782,  12mo. 

Douglas,  Hon.  Fred.  Sylvester  North,  d.  1819. 
Resemblance  between  the  Ancient  and  Mod.  Greeks,  1813. 
Douglas,  Gawin,  Gavin,  or  Gawen,  1475-M22, 
Bishop  of  Dunkeld,  was  third  son  of  Archibald,  fifth  Earl 
of  Angus.  He  completed  his  studies  at  the  University  of 
Paris,  entered  the  church,  and  in  the  tumultuous  events  of 
the  day  was  distinguished  for  his  "  moderation  and  peace- 
ableness."  As  a  poet,  Bishop  Douglas  is  entitled  to  great 
respect.  His  principal  original  composition  is  The  Palice 
of  Honour,  which  will  forcibly  remind  the  reader  of  Bun- 
yan's  great  allegory. 

"The  object  of  The  Palice  of  Honour  is  to  show  the  instability 
and  insufficiency  of  worldly  pomp;  and  to  prove  that  a  constant 
and  undeviating  habit  of  virtue  is  the  only  way  to  True  Honour 
and  Happiness,  who  reside  in  a  magnificent  palace  situated  on  the 
summit  of  a  high  and  inaccessible  mountain." 

King  Hart,  the  only  other  poem  of  much  extent  written 
by  Douglas,  presents  us  with  scenes  of  life  represented 
under  appropriate  metaphors. 

Bishop  Douglas,  however,  is  best  known  by  his  trans,  of 
Virgil's  ^Eneid  into  Scottish  verse,  executed  in  1513;  first 
pub.  1553.  It  is  remarkable  as  being  the  first  version  of 
a  classic  (unless  we  call  Boethius  a  classic)  into  any  British 
tongue.  We  quote  some  opinions  upon  this  version  from 
two  celebrated  critics : 

"This  translation  is  executed  with  equal  spirit  and  fidelity;  and 
is  a  proof  that  the  lowland  Scotch  and  English  languages  were  now 
nearly  the  same :  I  mean  4he  style  of  composition ;  more  especially 
in  the  glaring  affectation  of  anglicizing  Latin  words.  The  several 
books  are  introduced  with  metrical  prologues,  which  are  often 
highly  poetical;  and  show  that  Douglas's  proper  walk  was  original 
poetry."—  Warton- s  Hist,  of  Eng.  Poetry. 

"  Without  pronouncing  it  the  best  version  of  this  poem  that  ever 
was,  or  ever  will  be,  executed,  we  may  at  least  venture  to  affirm, 
that  it  is  the  production  of  a  bold  and  energetic  writer,  whose 
knowledge  of  his  original,  and  prompt  command  of  a  copious  and 
variegated  phraseology,  qualified  him  for  the  performance  of  so 
arduous  a  task.  And  whether  we  consider  the  state  of  British 
literature  at  that  era,  or  the  rapidity  with  which  he  completed  the 
work,  [sixteen  months,]  he  will  be  found  entitled  to  a  high  degree 
of  admiration." — Dr.  Irving' 's  Lives  of  the  Scottish,  Poets. 

Mr.  Hallain  does  not  speak  of  Douglas's  poetry  with  so 
much  ardour  as  Warton  displays : 

"  Warton  did  well  to  explain  his  rather  startling  expression,  that 
the  lowland  Scotch  and  English  languages  were  then  nearly  the 
same;  for  I  will  venture  to  say,  that  no  Englishman,  without 
guessing  at  every  other  word,  could  understand  the  long  passage 
which  he  proceeds  to  quote  from  Gawin  Douglas.  It  is  true  that 
the  differences  consisted  mainly  in  pronunciation,and  consequently 
in  orthography;  but  this  is  the  great  cause  of  diversity  in  dialect. 
The  character  of  Douglas's  original  poetry  seems  to  be  that  of  the 


Middle  Ages  in  general,— prolix,  though  sometimes  animated,  de 
scriptive  of  sensible  objects." — Introduc.  to  Lit.  Hist. 

The  original  edit,  of  the  trans,  of  the  JEneid  was  pub., 
as  we  have  stated,  in  1553,  Lon.,  4to.  New  edit.,  with  a 
glossary  by  Ruddiman,  Edin.,  1710,  sm.  fol.  The  Palice 
of  Honour,  1553,  fol.;  1579,  4to;  1827,  4to:  presented  to 
the  members  of  the  Bannatyne  Club,  by  John  G.  Kinnear, 
Esq.  He  trans.  Ovid's  De  Remedio  Amoris,  which  ap 
pears  to  have  been  the  earliest  of  his  works.  King 
Hart  was  pub.  for  the  first  time  from  an  original  MS. 
by  Mr.  Pinkerton.  Select  Works,  with  Memoirs  of  the 
Author,  a  Gloss.,  and  Notes  by  Rev.  Mr.  Scott,  1787, 12mo. 

Douglas,  Gen.  Sir  Howard,  Bart.,  D.C.L.,b.  1776, 
at  Gosport,  has  distinguished  himself  both  in  civil  and  in 
military  life.  Military  Bridges,  1816,  Svo ;  3d  ed.,  1853, 
Svo.  Treatise  on  Naval  Gunnery;  4th  ed.,  1855,  Svo. 
This  ed.  contains  a  chapter  on  the  Siege  of  Sebastopol, 
1855,  and  the  operations  in  the  Crimea  generally.  Obs.  on 
Carnot's  System  of  Fortifications,  Svo.  Considerations  on 
the  Value  and  Import,  of  the  Brit.  Amer.  Provinces,  Lon., 
1831,  Svo.  Naval  Evolutions,  1832,  Svo  :  see  CLERK,  JOHN. 

"  The  work  of  Sir  Howard  Douglas  has  not  only  stood  its  ground 
for  thirty  years  and  more,  but  (harder  task)  has  operated  on  the 
Admiralty.  The  new  edition  contains  an  account  of  all  the  im 
provements  that  have  taken  place  in  the  theory  and  practice  of 
naval  gunnery  since  the  appearance  of  its  predecessor." — Lon. 
Spectator. 

Douglas,  George,  M.D.  Fossil,  Vegetable,  and  Ani 
mal  substances  used  in  Phvsic,  Lon.,  1735,  Svo.  Anatomy, 
Edin.,  1763. 

Douglas,  George.     Mathemat.  works,  1776-1809. 

Douglas,  James.  1.  A  Prophecy.  2.  Strange  News 
from  Scotland,  1651,  4to. 

Douglas,  James,  Duke  of  Queensberry.  Speech  to 
the  Parliament  of  Scotland,  Lon.,  1702,  fol. 

Douglas,  James,  M.D.,  1675-1742,  a  physician  of 
great  reputation,  highly  commended  by  Haller.     Myogra- 
phiae   Comparatae   Specimen,  Lon.,  1707,  12mo.     Biblio 
graphies  Anatomicae  Specimen,  Svo.     Lateral  Operation, 
1726,  Svo;  Appendix,  1731,  Svo.     Lilium  Sarnese,  1725, 
j  fol.     Other  works.     Many  of  his  works  were  trans,  into 
i  Latin  and  other  languages. 

Douglas,  James.     Con.  to  Ed.  Med.  Ess.,  1731. 

Douglas,  Rev.  James.     Tactics,  1781,  2  vols.  Svo. 
j  Travelling  Anecdotes,  1782, 2  vols.  8vo.     Nenia  Britannica, 
j  1786-93,  fol.     Dissert,  on  the  Urbs  Rutupiae  of  Ptolemy, 
1787,  4to.     Other  works. 

Douglas,  James,  (Lord  Mordington,)  and  Mar 
tin  Liaycock.  Proposals  for  the  Farm,  of  H.  Coaches,  fol. 

Douglas,  Jane.     Genuine  Memoirs  of,  1761,  12mo. 

Douglas,  Lady  Jane.     Letters  of,  1767,  8vo. 

Douglas,  James,  of  Clavers,  a  layman,  is  the  author 
of  many  valuable  works,  principally  theological.  We  no 
tice  The  Truths  of  Religion;  Errors  regarding  Religion; 
Popery  and  Infidelity;  Thoughts  on  Prayer;  On  the  Phi 
losophy  of  Mind;  The  Structure  of  Prophecy. 

"  Our  respect  for  the  venerable  writer,  and  our  admiration  of 
these  Lectures,  are  so  profound,  that  we  can  no  longer  defer  an 
earnest  recommendation  of  them  to  the  reader." — Lon.  Eclec.  Rev. 

Douglas,  John,  Surgeon  to  the  Westminster  Infir 
mary,  brother  to  JAMES  DOUGLAS,  M.D.,  (q.  v.,)  pub.  a  num 
ber  of  valuable  profes.  works,  a  list  of  which  will  be  found 
in  Watt's  Bibl.  Brit. 

Douglas,  John.     Con.  to  Ed.  Med.,  1731,  '38. 

Douglas,  John,  1721-1807,  educated  at  Baliol  Col 
lege,  Oxford,  Canon  of  Windsor,  1762;  Dean  of  Windsor, 
1786;  Bishop  of  Carlisle,  1787;  trans,  to  Salisbury,  1791. 
The  learned  bishop  was  one  of  the  most  eminent  literary 
characters  of  his  day,  and  his  exposures  of  the  sophistry  of 
Hume,  and  the  forgery  of  Lauder,  to  say  nothing  of  his  keen 
critique  on  Bower's  marvellous,  relations — prove  that  his 
reputation  was  not  undeserved.  Wm.  Lauder  astonished 
the  literary  world  in  1791  by  publishing  an  essay  to  prove 
that  Milton  was  a  mere  plagiarist,  that  Paradise  Lost  was 
borrowed  from  other  quarters.  To  this  essay  Douglas  pub. 
an  answer  in  the  same  year,  entitled  Milton  no  Plagiary; 
or  a  Detection  of  the  Forgeries  in  Lander's  Essay.  The 
bishop  completely  established  his  position.  See  LATJDER, 
WM.  In  1756,  '57,  '58,  Douglas  pub.  his  four  tracts  against 
Bower.  He  undertook  to  prove  that  the  History  of  the 
Popes  was  in  fact  a  trans,  from  a  Popish  history  !  In  1756 
he  demolished  David  Hume's  argument  against  the  Chris 
tian  miracles,  in  his  Criterion  or  Miracles  Examined.  This 
work  has  been  several  times  reprinted. 

"In  this  excellent  work  the  sophistries  of  Hume  are  ably  and 
concisely  refuted;  the  delusions  of  paganism  and  popery  are  can 
vassed  with  great  acuteness ;  and  the  miracles  recorded  in  the  gos 
pel  history  are  vindicated  by  unanswerable  arguments." — BISHOP 
VAN  MILDERT. 

Bishop  Douglas  pub.  and  edited  several  other  works,  and 


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was  the  author  of  a  number  of  political  pamphlets  and 
fugitive  papers.  His  Select  Works,  with  a  Memoir  by  the 
Eev.  W.  Macdonald,  were  pub.  in  1820,  Salisbury,  4to. 

Douglas,  John.  Letter  to  Henry  Brougham,  Esq., 
on  Law  Reform  in  Scotland,  Lon.,  1830,  8vo. 

Douglas,  Niel.     Serms.,  Poetry,  Ac.,  1791,  '99. 

Douglas,  Robert.  Generation  of  Heat  in  Animals, 
Lon.,  1747,  8vo. 

Douglas,  Sir  Robert.  Peerage  of  Scotland,  Edin., 
1764,  foL  Continued  by  J.  P.  Wood,  1813,  2  vols.  fol., 
£10  10s.  Baronetage  of  Scotland,  1798,  fol.  Original  ed. 
not  pub. 

Douglas,  Robert.    Variation  of  the  Compass,  Phil. 

Douglas,  Robert,  D.D.  Oaths,  1783,  8vo.  General 
View  of  the  Agricult.  of  the  counties  of  Roxburgh  and 
Selkirk,  Edin.,  1798,  8vo  j  Lon.,  1802,  8vo. 

"Always  reckoned  the  best  of  the  Scotch  reports." — Donaldson's 
Agricult.  Biog. 

Douglas,  Robert,  Surgeon  R.N.  Adventures  of  a 
Medical  Student,  with  a  Memoir  of  the  Author,  Lon.,  1848, 
3  vols.  p.  Svo;  1850,  p.  8vo. 

"  This  volume  will  be  welcome  in  every  circulating  library,  club, 
and  mess-room." — United  Service  Gazette. 

Douglas,  Sylvester,  Rt.  Hon.  Lord  Glenber- 
vie,  M.P.,  1747-1823.  Speech,  1799,  8vo.  Controverted 
Elections,  1775-77,  4  vols.  Svo;  2d  ed.,  1802,  4  vols.  8vo. 

"  A  collection  of  excellent  reports  on  the  law  of  parliamentary 
elections." — HARGRAVE. 

Reports  in  K.  B.,  4th  ed.,by  W.  Frere,  1813,  2  vols.  8vo; 
(1st  Amer.  ed.,  Phila.,  1807,  8vo;)  ditto,  vols.  iii.  and  iv., 
by  H.  Roscoe,  1831,  2  vols.  r.  8vo. 

"  Douglas's  Reports  are  of  the  highest  authority,  and  his  manner 
k  preferred  by  many  to  that  of  Sir  James  Burrow." — Hoffman's 
Leg.  Stu.,  419. 

Life  of  John  Mercer,  1806,  8vo.  Con.  to  Phil.  Trans., 
1768,  '73. 

Douglas,  Thomas.  Vitis  Degeneris;  Ancient  Cere 
monies,  Lon.,  1668,  12mo. 

Douglas,  Thomas,  Earl  of  Selkirk.     See  SELKIRK. 
Douglas,  Win.     De  Lue  Venera,  1687. 
Douglas,  Capt.  Wm.     Trial,  Ac.,  1767,  8vo. 
Douglas,  Wm.     Serm.,  1812,  4to. 
Douglas,  Wm.,  M.D.,  d.  1752,  a  native  of  Scotland, 
settled  in  Boston,  Mass.,  where  he  obtained  considerable 
professional  reputation.     Treatises  on  the  Small  Pox,  1722, 
'30.     An  Epidemic  Fever,  1736.     Midwifery.     Brit.  Set 
tlements  in  N.  America.     Pub.  in  numbers,  Boston,  Jan., 
1749 ;  May,  1749,  forming  vol.  i.     Vol.  ii.  was  pub.  in  1753. 
Both  vols.  reprinted  in  London,  1755,  Svo;  again,  1760. 
The  death  of  the  author  left  the  work  incomplete. 

"In  his  history  of  the  American  colonies,  he  is  often  incorrect; 
and  it  was  his  foible  to  measure  the  worth  of  men  by  his  personal 
friendship  for  them."  See  Whitney's  Hist.  Worcester;  Allen's 
Amer.  Biog.  Diet. 

"  The  honest  and  downright  Dr.  Douglas."— ADAM  SMITH. 
Douland,  or  Dowland,  John,  d.  1615  ?  an  English 
musician,  pub.  several  musical  treatises,  among  which  was 
a  trans,  of  Ornithaphareus's  Micrologus,  or  Art  of  Singing, 
Lon.,  1609,  fol. 

"  This  treatise,  though  the  best  of  the  time,  seems  too  meagre 
and  succinct  to  have  been  of  great  use  to  the  students  of  such 
music  as  was  then  practised." — Burney's  Hist,  of  Music,  q.  v.;  and 
also  Hawkins's  Hist,  of  Music. 

"  We  are  assured  that  John  Douland  was  the  rarest  musician 
that  his  age  did  behold."— WOOD. 

Douland,  or  Dowland,  Robert,  contributed  to 
John  Douland's  Lute  Playing,  1610,  fol.,  and  pub.  a  Musi- 
call  Banqvet,  1610,  fol. 

Douley,  George.     Theolog.  Dialogues,  1616,  8vo. 
Doulevy,  Andrew.     Catechism,  Paris,  1642. 
Dounaeus.     See  DOWNES,  ANDREW. 
Dounamus,  Georgius.     See  DOWNAME. 
Douthwaite,  T.     The  Itnpartialist ;  in  Poems,  1775. 
Doutre,  Joseph,  b.  1825,  near  Montreal,  Canada.    At 
eighteen  years  of  age  he  wrote  a  French  historical  novel, 
entitled  Les  Fiance's  de  1812.     He  has  been  the  first  lau 
reate  of  the  Canadian  Institute. 

Dovaston,  J.     Fitz-Guardine;  a  Ballad,  1812. 
Dove.     Almanack  for  1662,  Camb.,  8vo. 
Dove,  Henry,  D.D.,  d.  1694,  '95.     Serms.,  1680-86. 
Dove,  James.    Religious  Experience,  1804,  8vo. 
Dove,  John,  D.D.     Serm.,  Lon.,  1597,  16mo.    Ch. 
Government,  1606,  4to.     Comment,  on  Canticles,  1613,  fol. 
Atheism,  1640,  8vo. 

Dove,  John,  d.  1772,  who  went  by  the  name  of  the 
"Hebrew  Taylor,"  from  his  learning  and  trade,  pub. 
number  of  tbeolog.  treatises,  among  which  are  The  Im 
portance  of  Rabbinical   Learning,  Lon.,  1746,  8vo,  and 
Plain  Truth,  or  Quakerism  Unmasked,  1756,  8vo. 
516 


Dove,  John.     Strictures  on  Agriculture. 
"  The  author  does  not  state  any  practical  knowledge,  and  is  lit 
tle  noticed." — Donaldson's  Agricult.  Biog. 

Shoal  of  Pumice  Stones  on  the  Sea,  Phil.  Trans.,  1728. 
Dove,  Richard.     Serm.,  1761,  8vo. 
Dove,  Wm.     Con.  to  Med.  Comm.,  1793. 
Dover,  Lord.     See  ELLIS,  GEORGE  J.  W.  A. 
Dover,  John.     The  Roman  Generals,  1667,  4to. 
Dover,    Robert.      Annalia    Dvbrensia;    see   Bliss's 
Wood's  Athen.  Oxon.,  iv.  222,  223,  and  Bib.Anglo-Poet.,891 . 
Dover,  Thomas.     See  DOVER,  JOHN. 
Dover,  Thomas.     Medical  treatises,  1732,  '33. 
Dover,  Wm.     His  Case,  Lon.,  1741,  8vo. 
Dow,  Lieut.  Col.  Alexander,  a  native  of  Perth 
shire,  d.  1779.     Hist,  of  Hindostan,  from  the  Persian  of 
Ferishta,  Lon.,  1767,  '68,  2  vols.  4to  ;  a  continuation  being 
vol.  iii.,  1772,  4to;  1803,  3  vols.  8vo. 

"  Ferishta  was  employed  for  twenty  years  in  the  composition  of 
his  history."— TORNER. 

Dow  is  charged  with  borrowing  freely  from  Bernier's 
Travels.  Tales  from  the  Persian  of  Inatulla,  1768,  2  vols. 
12mo.  Zingis,  a  Tragedy,  1769,  8vo.  Sethona,  a  Trag., 
1774,  8vo. 

Dow,  or  Dowe,  Bartholomew.    A  Dairie  Booke 
'or  all  good  Huswives,  Lon.,  1 588,  8vo.     Also  printed  with 
The  Householder's  Philosophic,  Ac. 
Dow,  Christopher.     Theolog.  treatises,  1636,  '37. 
Dow,  John.     Trial  of  A.  McKinlay,  1818. 
Dow,  Lorenzo,  1777-1834,  of  Coventry,  Connecticut, 
a  travelling  preacher  of  great  zeal  and  equal  eccentricity. 
Experience  and  Travels  in  Europe  and  America,  and  Po- 
emical  Writings,  Cincin.     Works,  ed.  by  Dr.  Dowling,  N. 
York,  8vo. 

Dow,  P.  Reports  C.  in  H.  of  Lords,  Lon.,  1814-19, 
6  vols.  r.  Svo;  do.,  1827-32,  2  vols.  r.  8vo  j  1830-32  by  P. 
D.  and  C.  Clark. 

Dowall,  James.  1.  Vindication.  2.  Appeal,  1681,  Ac. 
Dowcett,  Abraham.  Declaration  agst.  Ralph,  1648. 
Dowdall,  W.  Revenue  of  Ireland,  Lon.,  1720-29. 
Dowding,  W.  C.  Theolog.  Lectures,  Lon.,  1842, 12mo. 
Dowdeswell,  George  M.  Law  of  Life  and  Fire 
Insurances,  Lon.,  1846,  12mo. 

"  This  is  a  text-book  of  the  right  sort.  Instead  of  a  crude  string 
of  marginal  notes,  not  very  honestly  culled  from  the  digest,  and 
very  clumsily  coupled  with  links  by  the  author,  Mr.  Dowdeswell 
has  written  a  treatise  on  the  subject  he  professes  to  explain." — 
4  Law  Mag.,  N.  S.,  354. 

4th  ed.  of  Smith's  Comp.  of  Mercantile  Law,  1848,  r.  Svo. 
6th  ed.  of  Bayly  on  Bills  of  Exchange,  1849,  8vo.  G.  M. 
D.  and  J.  G.  Malcom ;  4th  ed.  of  Starkie  on  the  Law  of 
Evidence,  1853,  r.  Svo.  Amer.  ed.,  Phila.  1853. 

The  fourth  edition  of  Starkie  is  to  the  existing  law  what  the 
first  edition  was  to  the  law  in  1824."— Jurist,  Dec.  1852. 

Dowel,  John.     The  Leviathan  Heretical ;  or  a  Dis 
course  against  Hobbes,  Oxf.,  1683,  12mo. 
Dowglass,  Robert.     Serm.,  Ac.,  1651,  '60. 
Dowle,  John.     Serm..  Lon.,  1630,  Svo. 
Dowley,  Peter.     Letter  to  Dr.  Wells,  Oxon.,  1708. 
Dowling,  A.  S.  Statutes,  Lon.,  1830-32,  2  vols.  12mo. 
Reports  of  Cases,  1833-42,  9  vols.  Svo ;  A.  S.  D.  and  V.  ; 
Continuation,  1842,  '43,  2  vols.  Svo ;   A.  S.  D.  and  J.  J. 
Lowndes ;  Continuation,  1844,  '45,  2  vols.  Svo. 

Dowling,  Daniel.    Book-keeping,  1766.    Key  to  the 
latest  ed.  of  Button's  Mathemat.,  1813,  3  vols.  Svo. 
Dowling,  E.  A.     Hebrew  tongue,  Lon.,  1797,  8vo. 
Dowling,  J.  Common  Law  Practice,  Lon.,  1834, 12mo. 
J.  D.  and  Ryland  A.     Reports  K.  K.,  1822-31,  9  vols.  Svo ; 
do.  rel.  to  Magistrates,  1823-31,  4  vols.  Svo. 

Dowling,  John,  D.D.,  b.  May  12,  1807,  in  Sussex, 
England,  settled  in  the  United  States  in  1832.  Since  1838 
he  has  been  highly  successful  as  a  writer  and  preacher. 
He  is  the  author  of  many  works,  the  following  being  the 
principal :  1.  A  Vindication  of  the  Baptists  from  the  charge 
of  Bigotry,  Svo.  2.  An  Exposition  of  the  prophecies  sup 
posed  by  William  Miller  to  predict  the  second  coming  of 
Christ,  1840,  18mo.  3.  A  Defence  of  the  Protestant  Scrip 
tures  from  the  attacks  of  Popish  Apologists,  Ac.,  1843. 

4.  History  of  Romanism  from  the  earliest  corruptions  of 
Christianity  to  the  present  time,  Svo,  734  pp.,  N.  Y.,  1845. 
In  less  than  ten  years  25,000  of  this  large  work  were  sold. 

5.  Judson  Offering,  ISino.     6.  Power  of  Illustration,  Jkc., 
ISmo.     Edited  the  Conference  Hymn  Book,  Baptist  Noel's 
work  on  Baptism,  with  an  Introductory  Essay.     Works  of 
Lorenzo  Dow.     Conyers  Middleton  on  the  Conformity  of 
Popery  and  Paganism.     Memoir  of  the  Missionary  Jac<-b 
Thomas.     Translated  from  the  French  the  Rev.  Dr.  Cote.s's 
Un  mot  en  passant  a  ceux  qui  ont  abandonne  l'6glise  Ito- 
inaine. 


DOW 

"If  the  reader  wishes  to  be  acquainted  with  the  errors  of  Ro-  | 
manism.  he  has  only  to  open  the  pages  of  Dowling's  History.    I 
the  reader  is  anxious  to  read  an  epitome  of  the  history  of  the  Popes,  j 
their  ambition,  their  intrigues,  their  avariciousness,  their  tyranny, 
their  superstitions,  and  their  mummeries,  he  can  here  find  all 
proved  and  authenticated  by  the  most  accredited  authors  of  the 
Church  of  Rome."— L.  GIUSTIMANI. 

Dowling,  John  G.  Introduc.  to  the  Critical  Study 
of  Eccles.  Hist.,  Lon.,  1838,  8vo. 

"  A  useful  work,  with  partialities."— BICKERSTETH. 

Notitia  Scriptoruin  post  annum  1700,  8vo,  1839.  Serms., 
1841,  8vo. 

Dowling,  Wm.     Quadrupeds  and  Birds,  1849. 

Dowman,  George,  M.D.     Scirrhus,  1748,  8vo. 

Downame,  or  Downham,  George,  D.D.,  d.  1634, 
educated  at  Cambridge,  and  Fellow  of  Christ  Church,  1585  ; 
Bishop  of  Derry,  1616.  A  Treatise  proving  that  the  Pope 
is  Antichrist,  1603,  4to.  Lectures  on  Ps.  xv.,  1604,  4to. 
"  Wherein  the  question  of  usurie  is  fully  and  plainly  de 
cided."  Abstract  of  Duties,  Ac.,  1620,  8vo;  1635.  Justi 
fication,  1623,  fol. 

"  A  full  reply  to  the  cavils  of  the  Romanists." — BICKERSTETH. 

Christian's  Freedom,  1635,  8vo;  new  ed.,  1836,  8vo. 
Prayer,  1640,  4to.  Other  works. 

"  A  learned  and  godly  bishop." — Leigh's  Treatise  of  Religion  and 
Learning. 

Downame,  John,  d.  1644,  brother  of  the  preceding, 
and  also  a  divine.  Spiritual  Physick,  1600,  8vo.  Lect. 
upon  the  first  four  chap,  of  Hosea,  1608,  4to.  The  Chris 
tian  Warfare,  in  4  parts,  1609-18,  4to;  together,  1634,  fol. 

"  One  of  the  best  pieces  of  practical  divinity  extant." — UERVKY. 

Godliness,  1622,  fol.  Concordance  or  Table  of  the  Bible, 
1639,  fol.  Sacred  Divinitie,  4to.  The  Sacrament,  1645. 

Downe,  B.     Modern  Geography,  1804. 

Downe,  Darby.     Health;  a  Poem,  1724,  8vo. 

Downe,  John,  an  eminent  divine,  nephew  to  Bishop 
Jewel,  and  highly  commended  by  Bishop  Hall.  Serms. 
and  Tracts  agst.  Transubstantiation,  Oxf.,  1633,  4to.  Jus 
tifying  Faith,  1635,  fol. 

Downes.     A  Popish  King;  a  Serin.,  1745,  8vo. 

Downes,  Andrew,  1550P-1627,  Greek  Prof,  at  Cam 
bridge,  1586.  Praelectiones  in  Lysiam,  Cantab.,  1593,  8vo. 
Praelectiones  in  Demosthenis  Philippicam  vi.  de  Pace,  Lon., 
1621,  8vo.  He  was  one  of  the  trans,  of  the  Bible,  and 
some  notes  of  his  on  Chrysostom  will  be  found  in  Sir  Henry 
Savile's  edition  of  that  author. 

Downes,  George.  Three  Months  in  the  North,  Lon., 
12mo.  Letters  from  the  Continent,  2  vols.  p.  8vo;  from 
Mecklenberg  and  Holstein,  1820,  8vo. 

"  Not  so  full  and  various  as  might  have  been  expected :  on  man 
ners  and  German  literature  it  is  most  instructive." — Stevenson's 
Vbynges  and  Trarels. 

Downes,  Henry,  D.D.,  Bishop  of  Killala,  1716;  trans, 
to  Elphin,  1720;  to  Meath,  1724;  to  Derry,  1726.  Serms., 
1697-1725. 

Downes,  Henry.     Serms.,  1784,  2  vols.  8vo. 

Downes,  John.     Hypochondriaca,  1660,  4to. 

Downes,  John.  Roscius  Anglicanus;  or,  An  His 
torical  Review  of  the  Stage,  Lon.,  1708,  8vo. 

"But  for  this  work  we  should  have  known  little  or  nothing  of 
some  celebrated  actors." — GRANGER. 

Downes,  John.     Serms.,  1741-61. 

Downes,  John,  b.  1799,  in  Brooklyn,  distinguished 
mathematician ;  assisted  in  preparing  the  American 
Nautical  Almanac  since  its  first  publication  ;  author  of 
Logarithms  and  Logarithmic  Sines  and  Tangents,  with 
other  Tables,  1858,  4to. 

Downes,  Jos.     Speech  of  J.  Foster,  1799,  8vo. 

Downes,  Robert,  Bishop  of  Leiehlin  and  Ferns 
Serm.,  1750,  4to. 

Downes,  Samuel.  Lives  of  the  Compilers  of  the 
Liturgy,  and  an  historical  account  of  its  several  reviewers. 
Bishop  Sparrow's  Rationale,  ed.  1722. 

Downes,  Theop.     On  Allegiance,  1691,  4to,  Ac. 

Downes,  Thomas.  A  copious  Index  to  Pennant's 
account  of  London,  imp.  fol. 

Downey,  Thomas.    Naval  Poems,  1813,  4to. 

Downham.     See  DOWNAME. 

Downham,  G.     Rex  Meus  est  Deus,  1643. 

Downie,  Murtlo.  Marine  Survey  East  Coast  of 
Scotland,  Lon.,  1792,  4to.  The  Atmosphere,  Aberdeen, 
1800,  8vo. 

Downing,  Andrew  Jackson,  1815-1852,  a  native 
of  Newburgh,  N.  York,  perished  in  the  conflagration  of  the 
steamboat  Henry  Clay,  on  the  Hudson  River,  July  28, 1852. 
Fruits  and  Fruit  Trees  of  America,  N.  York,  14th  ed.,  1852, 
8vo.  Sale  in  America  to  1853,  15,000  copies. 

"  Downing's  Fruit  and  Fruit  Trees  of  America  deserves  to  be 
more  generally  known  in  Europe."— Triibner's  Bibl.  Guide  to  Amer. 
LU.,  Lon.,  1855,  12mo. 


DOY 

Landscape  Gardening  and  Rural  Architecture,  N.  York, 
8vo.  Sale  in  America  to  1853,  9000  copies. 

"By  these  admirable  works  Mr.  Downing  has  done  much  to  im 
prove  the  taste  of  our  rural  inhabitants,  and  at  the  same  time  to 
promote  the  best  and  most  judicious  selection  and  culture  of  Fruit 
Trees."— CHANCELLOR  KING. 

"  Mr.  Downing  has  here  produced  a  very  delightful  work,  [Land 
scape  Gardening,]  and  has  convinced  us  that  sound  criticism  and 
refined  judgment  in  matters  of  taste  are  not  confined  to  this  side 
of  the  Atlantic." — Lon.  Art  Union  Journal. 
"  A  masterly  work."— LOUDON. 
"The  standard  work  on  this  subject." — Silliman's  Journal. 

The  treatise  upon  Landscape  Gardening  is  a  most  com 
prehensive  work  upon  the  subject;  treating  of  History  and 
General  Principles,  Ancient,  Modern,  Natural  Styles,  In 
fluence  of  Poets,  <fec.  Examples  Abroad  and  in  America, 
Beauties,  Capacities,  Picturesque  Simple  Beauty,  Wood 
and  Plantations,  Grouping,  Classification,  leading  Cha 
racteristics.  Trees,  History  and  Descriptions  of  finest 
deciduous  Evergreens,  Vines,  and  Climbing  Plants.  For 
mation  of  Walks,  Roads,  Fences,  Hedges,  Landscape  or 
Rural  Architecture,  Characteristic  Features  of  Country 
Houses,  Roman,  Italian,  Swiss,  Tudor,  Old  English,  Eliza 
bethan,  Lodges,  Embellishments,  Rustic,  Floral,  Seats, 
Bridges,  Rockwork,  Dials,  Vases,  Fountains,  Decora 
tions,  <fec. 

Cottage  Residences,  N.  York,  8vo.  Sale  in  America  to 
1853,  6250  copies.  Architecture  of  Country  Houses,  N.  Y., 
8vo.  Sale  in  America  to  1853,  3500  copies. 

Rural  Essays,  by  the  late  A.  J.  Downing,with  a  Memoir  of 
the  Author,  edited  by  George  Wm.  Curtis,  and  a  letter  to 
his  friends  by  Frederika  Bremer,  N.  York,  1854,  8vo.  This 
volume  contains,  with  one  or  two  exceptions,  all  of  Mr. 
Downing's  editorial  papers  in  The  Horticulturist.  Mr. 
Downing  also  edited  Loudon's  Gardening  for  Ladies,  N. 
York,  12mo,  and  Wightwick's  Hints  to  Young  Architects, 
N.  York,  8vo. 

"  Mr.  Downing  has  practical  knowledge  and  true  taste,  and  evi 
dently  loves  his  pursuits.  These  qualities  give  freshness,  charm, 
and  value  to  whatever  he  writes  on  his  favourite  topic." — Amer. 
Quarterly  Review. 

Downing,  Bladen.     Serm.,  Lon.,  1814. 

Downing,  C.  T.  Fanqui,  or  Foreigner  in  China  in 
1836'  '37,  3  vols.  p.  8vo;  1838,  '40. 

"  An  account  of  the  habits,  manners,  manufactures,  and  laws 
of  China."—  Lon.  Atlas. 

Downing,  Calybute,  1606-1644,  a  Puritan  divine. 
State  Ecclesiastical,  Oxf.,  1632,  4to.  Considerations,  Lon., 
1641,  fol.  Serm.,  1641,  4to.  Discourse,  1641,  4to.  Dis 
covery,  1641,  4to.  Diametrical  opposition  between  Pres 
bytery  and  Prelacy,  1644,  4to. 

Downing,  Clement.  Indian  Wars,  Lon.,  1737, 12mo. 

Downing,  George.     Serm.,  Lon.,  1760,  8vo. 

Downing,George.  Newmarket;  aCom.,1763,12mo. 
The  Parthian  Exile;  a  Trag.,  1774,  8vo.  The  Volunteers. 
1780,  8vo. 

Downing,  John.     Case  of,  Lon.,  1796,  8vo. 

Downing,  Joseph.     Disorders  of  H.  Cattle,  1797. 

Downinge,  Sir  George.     Political  tracts,  1664-72. 

Downman,  Rev.  Hugh,  M.D.,  1740-1809,  born  near 
Exeter,  educated  at  Balliol  College.  Infancy,  a  Poem  in 
6  Books:  1,1774;  2,1775;  3,1775;  al!4to;  whole  6, 1788, 
Edin.,  12mo.  It  went  through  7  edits,  during  his  lifetime. 
Land  of  the  Muses  and  other  Poems,  1768,  4to.  Editha; 
a  Com.,  Lon.,  1785,  8vo.  L.  J.  Brutus;  a  Trag.,  1779. 
Poems,  1790  ;  do.  to  Thespia,  1805,  8vo.  Tragedies,  1792, 
8vo.  He  trans.  The  Death  Song,  Ac.  from  Wormius,  and 
four  tragedies  from  Voltaire. 

Downiche,  Anne.  The  Frenche  Historie,  in  verse, 
Lon.,  1589,  4to.  A  rare  book.  Bibl.  Anglo-Poet,  225. 
£25 ;  resold  at  Saunders's,  1818,  £13  2«.  6d. 

Dowsing,  Wm.  Parliamentary  Visitor  for  demolish 
ing  the  Superstitions  and  Ornaments  of  Churches,  &c. 
within  the  county  of  Suffolk  in  the  years  1643  and  1644; 
his  Journal,  1786,  4to.  Here's  a  curious  book,  indeed! 
The  iconoclast  must  have  some  strange  tales  to  tell. 

Dowson,  James.  De  Numerorum  Figuratorum  Re- 
solutione,  Lon.,  1614,  8vo. 

Doyle,  Major,  is  said  to  be  the  author  of  A  New  Mili 
tary  Journal,  Lon.,  1803,  4to.  Instructions,  1804.  Mili 
tary  Catechism,  8vo. 

Doyle,  James,  d.  1834,  R.  Catholic  Bishop  of  Kildare 
and  Leighlin.     Letter  to  Archbishop  Magee.     Letter  to 
Daniel  O'Connell  on  Poor  Laws  for  Ireland.     Bishop  Doyle 
|  pub.  many  pamphlets,  letters,  <fcc.  on  theological  and  po 
litical  subjects. 

Doyle,  Martin.  Cyclopaedia  of  Practical  Husbandry 
and  Rural  Affairs,  Dubl.,  1829,  p.  8vo.  New  ed.,  enlarged, 
1851,  8vo. 

"  A  plain  and  very  sensible  matter-of-fact  exposition  of  current 


DOT 


DRA 


and  known  intelligence  in  a  very  acceptable  and  useful  manner." 
— Donaldson's  AgricuU.  Biog. 

Practical  Gardening,  1838,  12mo.  Flower  Garden,  4th 
ed.,  1845, 12mo.  Labouring  Classes  in  Ireland,  1846, 12mo. 
Catechisms  of  Gardening  and  Cottage  Farming,  1851, 18mo. 
Works,  2  yols.  12mo. 

Doyle,  Wm.  Some  Account  of  the  British  Dominions 
beyond  the  Atlantic,  Lon.,  1770,  8vo. 

"  The  author  proposes  a  new  scheme  of  geography,  calling  South 
America,  Atlantis  ;  North  America,  Sebastia  ;  and  classes  the  Ame 
rican  colonies  under  the  names  of  Neanglia,  Jacobea,  and  Mesia, 
or  Midensia."—Lon.  Monthly  Review,  xlii.  413;  1770,  q.  v. 

The  collector  of  works  on  America  should  procure  this 
curious  volume. 

D'Oyley,  Catherine.  The  History  of  the  Life  and 
Death  of  our  Blessed  Saviour,  Southamp.,  1794,  8vo. 

D'Oyley,  Charles.  The  European  in  India,  1813, 
4to.  The  Illustrations  are  by  D'Oyley,  but  the  Preface 
and  History  are  by  T.  W.  Blagdon  and  Capt.  T.  Williamson. 
D'Oyly,  George,  D.D.,  1778-1846,  educated  at,  and 
Fellow  of,  Bene't  College,  Cambridge,  Rector  of  Buxted, 
1815 ;  of  Lambeth  and  Sundridge,  Kent,  1820.  Letters  to 
Sir  Wm.  Drummond  rel.  to  his  (Edipus  Judaicus,  1812,  '13, 
8vo.  Two  Discourses,  1811,  8vo.  Life  of  Archbp.  San- 
croft,  1821,  2  vols.  Serms.,  chiefly  Doctrinal,  1827,  8vo. 
Occasional  serms.  and  pamphlets.  Serms.,  with  a  Memoir 
by  his  son,  1847,  2  vols.  8vo.  Dr.  D'Oyly  was  a  contri 
butor  to  the  London  Quarterly  Review.  In  1813,  in  con 
junction  with  the  Rev.  Richard  (now  Bishop)  Mant,  he 
commenced  the  preparation  of  an  annotated  Bible,  to  be 
pub.  by  the  Society  for  promoting  Christian  Knowledge. 
The  1st  number  appeared  Jan.  1,  1814;  complete,  Oxf. 
and  Lon.,  1814,  3  vols.  4to.  It  has  been  frequently  re 
printed  at  Cambridge  and  Oxford  alternately,  and  the  sale 
has  probably  not  fallen  short  of  40,000  copies.  New  edit., 
Lon.,  1848.  Vol.  i.,  Old  Test,  and  Apoc.  Vol.  ii.,  N.  Test, 
r.  8vo.  Pub.  also  with  the  sacred  text  in  3  vols.  r.  8vo, 
1850. 

"  Of  the  labour  attending  this  publication  some  idea  may  be 
formed,  when  it  is  stated  that  the  works  of  upwards  of  one  hun 
dred  and  sixty  authors  have  been  consulted  for  it,  amounting  to 
several  hundred  volumes.  On  the  fundamental  articles  of  Chris 
tian  verity,— the  Deity  and  atonement  of  Jesus  Christ,  and  the 
personality  and  offices  of  the  Holy  Spirit, — this  work  may  be  pro 
nounced  to  be  a  library  of  divinity." — T.  H.  Home's  Bibl.  Bib.  See 
the  comments  in  Bickersteth's  Christian  Student. 

The  purchaser  should  also  procure  the  Rev.  Dr.  Wilson's 
Index  to  this  commentary.  It  is  more  complete  than  the 
one  annexed  to  the  work.  The  Rev.  Mr.  Bellamy's  Con 
cordance  also  should  accompany  it.  The  Rt.  Rev.  Bishop 
Hobart  of  New  York  pub.  an  edit,  of  this  Bible,  with  ad 
ditional  notes,  New  York,  1818-20,  2  vols.  4to. 

"  He  has  greatly  enhanced  the  value  of  this  work  by  numerous 
additional  notes,  selected  from  the  writings  of  upwards  of  thirty 
of  the  most  eminent  divines,  (not  noticed  by  Drs.  Mant  and  D'Oyly,) 
whose  names  are  a  sufficient  pledge  for  the  orthodoxy  of  the  anno 
tations  taken  from  their  writings.  .  .  .  Many  other  notes  are  like 
wise  selected  from  several  of  the  authors  cited  by  Bp.  Mant  and 
Dr.  D'Oyly.  Bp.  Hobart's  additional  notes  are  twofold:  1.  Critical 
and  Explanatory ;  and  2.  Practical.  The  latter  are  most  numerous, 
and  are  greatly  calculated  to  increase  the  value  of  this  commentr 
ary." — T.  H.  HORNE,  ubi  supra. 

See  a  biographical  notice  of  Dr.  D'Oyly  in  Lon.  Gent. 
Mag.,  March,  1846,  and  Memoir  by  his  son,  prefixed  to  his 
Serms.  pub.  in  1847. 

D'Oyly,  Robert.    Four  theolog.  Dissertations,  1728. 
"  This  is  a  book  which  contains  some  original  and  curious  dis 
quisitions,  but  not  always  in"  accordance  with  received  opinions. 
The  discussions  are  conducted  in  a  manner  somewhat  similar  to 
those  of  Delany." — ORME  :  Bibl.  Bib. 

The  Dissertations  are  recommended  by  Dr.  A.  Clarke. 
Doylye,  Dr.     Antiquity  of  Arms.     See  Hearne's  Col 
lection,  p.  175, 1771.     Etymology,  Dignity,  and  Antiquity 
of  Dukes,  Ib.,  p.  183. 

I) rage,  Wm.     Medical  treatises,  Lon.,  1665-68. 
Drage,  or  Dragge,  Wm.,  Clerk  of  the  California. 
Voyage  of  the  California  for  the  discovery  of  a  Northwest 
passage,  Ac.,  Lon.,  1748,  2  vols.  8vo. 

"  A  pedantic,  disputatious,  dogmatical  performance."— Barrow's 
Arctic  Voyages,  p.  287, 1818. 

The  Great  Probability  of  a  N.  West  Passage,  1768,  4to. 
Drakard,  John.     Life  of  Col.  Wardle,  1810. 
Drake.     Introduction  to  English,  1688,  8vo. 
Drake.     The  Innocent  Vindicated,  1718,  8vo. 
Drake,  Mrs.     Defence  of  the  Female  Sex,  1696 
Drake,  Benjamin,  1794-1841,  "a  native  of  Mason 
county,  Kentucky,  a  resident  of  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  a  most 
amiable  and  excellent  man,  a  lawyer  by  profession,  for 
many  years  edited  a  literary  aud  family  newspaper,  pub 
lished  weekly  at  Cincinnati,  and  largely  circulated  in  Ohio. 
It  was  a  paper  of  high  moral  tone  and  literary  merit,  con 
ducted  with  ability  and  good  taste — filled  with  cheerful, 
518 


attractive  contributions,  well-wrought  fictions,  and  sound 
criticism. 

His  published  writings,  other  than  the  above, were,  with 
their  dates : 

1827.  Cincinnati  in  1826.  By  B.  Drake  and  E.  D.  Mans 
field,  pp.  100,  12mo. 

1830.  The  Western  Agriculturist  and  Practical  Farmer's 
Guide;  a  compilation. 

1838.  The  Life  and  Adventures  of  Black  Hawk,  with 
Sketches  of  Keokuk,  the  Sac  and  Fox  Indians,  and 
the  late  Black  Hawk  War,  pp.  228,  12mo.  Tales  and 
Sketches  from  the  Queen  City,  pp.  180,  12mo.  This  is  a 
volume  of  cheerfully  and  tastefully  written  fictions  and 
sketches  of  life  and  manners  in  the  West.  It  is  creditable 
to  the  writer's  talents,  and  commendable  for  its  purity  of 
thought  and  sentiment. 

1840.  Life  of  General  William  Henry  Harrison ;  a  small 
vol.  of  perhaps  250  pages,  prepared  by  B.  Drake,  jointly 
with  Col.  Charles  S.  Todd  of  Frankfort,  Kentucky. 

1841.  Life  of  Tecumseh,  and  his  brother  the  Prophet, 
with  a  Historical  Sketch  of  the  Shawanee  Indians,  pp.  235, 
12mo.     This  is  the  most  elaborate  of  Mr.  Drake's  works, 
and  is  a  carefully-prepared  memoir  from  facts,  the  most  of 
which  were  collected  by  himself  in  the  country  where  Te 
cumseh  had  lived  and  acted,  and  from  a  great  number  of 
respectable  persons  who  had  known  that  chief." 

For  the  above  notice  we  are  indebted  to  a  well-known 
and  highly-respected  man  of  letters,  Judge  James  Hall, 
of  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 

Drake,  Charles  D.,  son  of  Dr.  Daniel  Drake.  Trea 
tise  on  the  Law  of  Suits  by  Attachment  in  the  U.  States, 
Boston,  1854,  8vo ;  2d  ed.,  1858,  8vo. 

"  The  members  of  the  profession  owe  much  to  Mr.  Drake  for  his 
successful  labours  in  producing  this  valuable  treatise  upon  a  branch 
of  the  law  hitherto  untouched  by  any  writer." 

Drake,  Daniel,  M.D.,  1785-1852,  a  native  of  Plain- 
field,  New  Jersey,  a  resident  of  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  was  a 
brother  of  Benjamin  Drake.  "When  he  was  quite  young, 
his  parents  removed  to  Mason  county,  Kentucky,  where  he 
received  such  an  education  as  the  common  county  schools 
afforded.  When  grown  he  went  to  Cincinnati,  then  a  vil 
lage,  where  he  studied  medicine;  attended  two  courses  of 
lectures  at  the  Medical  School  of  the  University  of  Penna., 
at  Philadelphia,  where  he  graduated;  became  a  very  dis 
tinguished  practitioner  and  teacher  of  medicine;  was  a 
professor  in  the  Ohio  Medical  College,  Cincinnati;  Cincin 
nati  Medical  College,  do. ;  Transylvania  Medical  College, 
Lexington,  Ky. ;  Louisville  Medical  College,  Louisville, 
Ky. ;  Jefferson  Medical  College, Philada.— all  distinguished 
schools ;  where  he  was  associated  with  the  most  eminent 
men  of  the  profession,  and  held  equal  rank  with  the  fore 
most.  He  was  a  teacher  of  medicine  nearly  all  his  pro 
fessional  life;  an  able,  instructive,  and  popular  lecturer. 
He  was  an  original  thinker,  with  an  active,  vigorous  mind, 
an  ardent  temperament,  unwearied  industry,  and  a  perse 
verance  and  energy  of  purpose  wholly  indomitable,  and 
capable  of  extraordinary  achievement.  A  philanthropist 
in  the  largest  sense,  he  devoted  himself  freely  and  habit 
ually  to  works  of  benevolence  and  measures  for  the  ame 
lioration  of  distress,  the  extension  of  religion  and  intelli 
gence,  the  good  of  his  fellow-creatures,  the  honour  and 
prosperity  of  his  country.  His  habits  were  simple,  tem 
perate,  abstemious;  his  labours  incessant. 

List  of  his  books,  with  the  dates  of  publication : 

1810.  Notices  concerning  Cincinnati,  pp.  64,  12mo. 

1815.  Picture  of  Cincinnati,  pp.  250,  12mo. 

1832.  Practical  Essays  on  Medical  Education,  and  the 
Medical  Profession  in  the  United  States,  pp.  104,  12me. 
A  Practical  Treatise  on  the  History,  Prevention,  and  Treat 
ment  of  Epidemic  Cholera,  designed  for  both  the  Profession 
and  the  People,  pp.  180,  12mo. 

1850.  A  Systematic  Treatise,  historical,  etiological,  and 
practical,  on  the  principal  diseases  of  the  Interior  Valley 
of  North  America,  as  they  appear  in  the  Caucasian,  Afri 
can,  Indian,  and  Esquimaux  varieties  of  its  population, 
pp.  878,  8vo.  Cincinnati :  published  by  W.  B.  Smith. 

1854.  The  second  volume  of  the  same,  posthumously 
published,  Phila.,  Lippincott,  Grambo  &  Co.,  pp.  985,  8vo. 
This  is  probably  the  most  important  and  valuable  work 
ever  written  in  the  United  States.  The  subject  is  large. 
The  work  could  not  be  compiled.  The  subject  was  new, 
and  the  materials  were  to  be  collected  from  original  sources, 
from  observation,  personal  inspection,  oral  evidence,  <fec. 
It  occupied  many  years ;  and  was,  probably,  in  contempla 
tion  during  the  whole  or  the  most  part  of  Dr.  Drake's  long 
professional  life.  For  many  years  he  spent  the  vacations 
between  the  winter  courses  of  lectures  in  travelling  over 


DRA 


BRA 


this  great  valley,  taking  a  district  at  a  time,  exploring  each 
district  thoroughly,  noting  distinctly  and  minutely  its  phy 
sical  character,  peculiarities,  climate,  soil,  mountains,  hy 
drography,  productions,  every  thing  which  could  affect 
health  or  longevity.  He  visited  physicians  and  intelligent 
men,  and  collected  facts  and  opinions — and  established  cor 
respondences.  In  this  great  work,  he  describes  the  whole 
interior  of  our  country,  from  Canada  to  Texas,  by  dis 
tricts,  most  elaborately,  giving  by  far  the  best,  most  detailed, 
most  reliable,  topographical  and  physical  description  ex 
tant.  Then  he  gives  the  prevailing  diseases  of  each  local 
ity,  with  the  local  remedies  and  practice — classifying  and 
defining  the  effects  of  locality,  soil,  climate,  food,  &c. ;  the 
diseases  of  the  North  and  South,  of  the  sea-coast,  the  inte 
rior,  and  the  lake — of  mountain  and  valley,  <fcc. 

He  edited  for  many  years,  very  assiduously  and  ably,  a 
Western  Journal  of  Medical  Science,  published  periodically 
at  Cincinnati." 

For  the  above  notice  we  are  indebted  to  Judge  James 
Hall  of  Cincinnati,  Ohio.  See  DRAKE,  BENJAMIN. 

An  excellent  memoir  of  Dr.  Drake,  by  his  friend  Edward 
D.  Mansfield,  LL.D.,  has  been  issued  by  Applegate  &  Co., 
Cincinnati,  1855,  12mo,  pp.  408. 

Drake,  Edw.  Cavendish.  A  Collection  of  authentic 
Voyages  and  Travels  from  the  best  writers,  Lon.,  1770,  fol. 

Drake,  Sir  Francis,  1546-1596.  A  list  of  works, 
giving  an  account  of  the  voyages  of  this  eminent  navigator, 
will  be  found  in  Lowndes's  Bibl.  Manual.  Some  of  these 
were  compiled  from  his  own  notes,  or  we  should  have  been 
unable  to  introduce  his  name,  even  thus  briefly. 

Drake,  Francis,  d.  1770,  a  surgeon  and  antiquary  of 
York,  England.  Eboracum,  or  The  History  and  Antiquity 
of  the  City  of  York,  the  Cathedral  Church,  and  Lives  of  the 
Archbps.  of  that  See,  from  its  original  to  the  present  time, 
Lon.,  1736,  fol. 

"Drake  is  among  the  most  toiling  of  topographers;  but  his  his 
tory  of  the  City  merits  the  gratitude  of  the  townsmen.  It  is  a 
folio,  teeming  with  text,  and  full  of  copper-plate  embellishments." 
— Dibdin's  Northern  Tour. 

A  magnificent  copy,  extensively  illustrated,  and  expanded 
to  six  vols.  folio,  was  sold  at  Mr.  Fauntleroy's  sale  for 
£136  10s.  It  was  purchased  by  Mr.  Kurd ;  subsequently 
it  fell  into  the  hands  of  Mr.  Henry  G.  Bohn— always  on 
the  lookout  for  book  treasures — and  he  offered  it  at  the 
comparatively  low  price  of  £80.  Drake  and  Mr.  Cresar 
Ward  are  said  to  have  been  the  sole  authors  of  The  Parlia 
mentary  or  Constitutional  History  of  England,  1751,  24 
vols.  8vo.  Med.  con.  to  Phil.  Trans.,  1748. 

Drake,  James,  M.D.,  1667-1707,  an  eminent  political 
writer,  physician,  and  anatomist,  His  principal  works  are  : 
Hist,  of  the  Last  Parliament,  Lon.,  1702,  8vo.  Historia 
Anglo-Scotia,  1703,  8vo.  These  two  works  gave  great 
offence,  (the  latter  to  the  Scots,)  and  were  burnt  by  the 
hands  of  the  common  hangman.  Memorial  of  the  Ch.  of 
England,  written  in  conjunction  with  Mr.  Polly,  1704,  8vo. 
This  offended  the  Queen  and  Parliament,  and  great  efforts 
were  made  to  discover  the  author.  In  1706  he  was  prose 
cuted  for  pub.  Mercurius  Politicus,  a  newspaper  offensive 
to  the  government.  The  Sham  Lawyer,  a  Comedy.  An- 
thropologia  Nova;  or  A  New  System  of  Anatomy,  1707 
2  vols.  8vo;  posth.,  pub.  by  Dr.  Wagstaffe,  2d  ed.,  1717. 
Appendix,  1728.  This  is  a  work  of  merit. 

"  If  Dr  Lower  has  been  so  mueh  and  so  deservedly  esteemed  for 
his  solution  of  the  systole  of  the  heart,  Dr.  Drake,  by  accounting 
for  the  diastole,  ought  certainly  to  be  allowed  his  share  of  reputa 
tion  and  to  be  admitted  as  a  partner  of  his  glory  .»-DR.  WAGSTAFF* 

Drake,  James.     Medical  Orations,  1742,  4to. 

Drake,  Joan.     Mrs.  Drake  revived,  1647,  12mo 

Drake,  Joseph  Rodman,  1795-1820,  a  native  of 
New  York,  began  to  contribute  poetical  compositions  to  the 
periodicals  at  a  very  early  age.  The  first  four  of  the 

ITS6*  ^n6?8'  (pub' in  the  N"  York  E™™g  Post,  March 
10-20,  1819,)  were  written  by  him ;  after  the  fourth  num 
ber,  Fitz-Greene  Halleck  was  admitted  -as  a  partner,  and 
the  literary  firm  was  henceforth  Croaker  <fc  Co.  The  lively 
satire  of  these  sallies  gave  them  a  great  reputation  at  the 
time  of  their  publication.  Drake's  longest  poem  is  The 
Culprit  Fay;  his  best-known  composition,  The  American 
Flag.  Their  poetical  merit  is  unquestionably  of  a  high 
order.  In  1836  a  collection  of  Drake's  poetical  pieces  was 
P"^7  Commod°re  Dekay,  son-in-law  of  the  author. 

The  extraordinary  mental  power  and  genius  of  Dr.  Drake  were 
manifested  at  a  very  early  period;  when  not  over  seven  years  of 
age,  he  had  acquired  much  literary  information ;  and  at  the  a<re  of 
fourteen  he  had  written  many  verses  of  merit.  ,  .  He  possessed 
great  tenacity  of  recollection  and  power  of  quick  difcrimination 
His  thoughts  flowed  gracefully,  and  his  power  of  language  w?s 
£!??£  If- 6d  b-iS  P^uliarity  ™ that  of  instan  taneou?  crfation  • 
for  thought,  imagination,  truth,  and  imagery,  seemed  to  combine 
and  produce  their  results  in  a  moment."— N.  P.  Wims. 


Drake,  Nathan,  Vicar  of  Sheffield  from  1695  to  1713. 
Serms.,  1695,  '97,  4to. 

Drake,  Nathan,  M.D.,  1766-1836,  a  native  of  York, 
England,  and  a  descendant  of  the  preceding,  was  educated 
at  the  University  of  Dublin.  In  1792  he  settled  at  Had- 
leigh,  Suffolk,  where,  for  the  long  term  of  forty-four  years, 
he  ministered  to  the  health  of  his  patients  and  the  mental 
and  moral  welfare  of  his  race.  The  following  list  of  his 
literary  works  we  extract  from  the  Lon.  Gent.  Mag.,  Aug., 
1836:  The  Speculator;  a  Periodical  Paper  written  in  con 
junction  with  Dr.  Edward  Ash,  1790,  8vo.  Poems,  1793, 
4to.  Literary  Hours,  1st  ed.,  1798,  8vo;  4th  ed.,  1820,  3 
vols.  8vo.  Essays  illustrative  of  the  Tatler,  Spectator,  and 
Guardian,  1805,  3  vols.  8vo;  2d  ed.,  1812.  Essays  illus 
trative  of  the  Rambler,  Adventurer,  Idler,  and  other  pe 
riodical  papers  to  the  year  1809,  2  vols.  8vo.  The  Gleaner ; 
a  series  of  Periodical  Essays  selected  from  authors  not  in 
cluded  in  the  British  Essayists,  1811,  4  vols.  8vo.  Shak- 
speare  and  his  Times,  1817,  2  vols.  4to.  Winter  Nights, 
1820,  2  vols.  8vo.  Evenings  in  Autumn,  1822,  2  vols.  8vo. 
Noontide  Leisure,  1824,  2  vols.  8vo.  Mornings  in  Spring, 
1828,  2  vols.,  8vo.  We  regret  that  we  have  not  space  to 
enlarge  upon  the  merits  of  Dr.  Drake's  invaluable  works. 
They  have  done  much  to  stimulate  a  taste  for  useful  and 
elegant  literature.  In  addition  to  the  publications  named 
above,  he  pub.  a  number  of  professional  treatises,  and  left 
in  MS.  A  Selected  Version  of  the  Psalms,  with  copious 
Notes  and  Illustrations. 

We  have  been  surprised  and  mortified  to  notice  the 
shameful  ignorance  prevailing  in  America  respecting  the 
publications  of  this  eminent  writer.  We  remember  on  one 
occasion  listening  to  an  hour's  dissertation  on  Shakspeare, 
from  a  well-known  public  lecturer,  who  confessed,  when 
we  recommended  to  him  the  study  of  Drake's  Shakspeare 
and  his  Times,  that  he  had  never  heard  of  such  a  book ! 
Yet  that  high  authority,  Archdeacon  Nares,  thus  commends 
this  invaluable  storehouse  of  Shakspearean  information : 

"  No  work  has  hitherto  appeared,  and  we  may  venture  almost  to 
pronounce  that  none  can  in  future  be  produced,  in  which  so  much 
of  agreeable  and  well-digested  information  on  this  subject  will  be 
found,  as  in  this  masterly  production  of  Dr.  Drake.  ...  It  may  be 
considered  as  a  magnificent  temple,  dedicated  to  the  genius  of 
Shakspeare.  ...  Its  publication  will  form  an  epocha  in  the  Shak 
spearean  history  of  this  country.  So  abundant  is  the  light  thrown, 
by  it  upon  the  singularly  interesting  period  in  which  the  poet  lived, 
that  not  only  every  admirer  of  his  writings,  but  every  person  who 
is  curious  on  the  subjects  of  our  literature,  manners,  customs,  and 
their  history,  must  occasionally  resort  to  it  for  information."  Head 
the  whole  of  this  interesting  review  in  Lon.  Gent.  Mag.,  88,  Pt.  2 :  p. 
241,  334. 

We  must  find  room  for  one  or  two  opinions  upon  this 
literary  benefactor  of  his  age : 

"  In  1803  I  got  a  bright  new  book,  fresh  from  the  press  In  those 
days,  on  which  I  still  reflect  with  pleasure;  namely,  Drake's  Lite 
rary  Hours.  It  became  my  fevourite  companion  for  years  after 
ward,  and  it  was  this  work,  more  than  all  others,  which  at  that 
early  age  fixed  my  affections  on  literary  pursuits."—  Gillies' s  Lite 
rary  Veteran. 

"  If  I  were  called  to  name  the  writer  in  the  lighter  walks  of  Eng 
lish  literature,  who,  by  his  essays  and  ingenious  illustrations  of 
our  standard  authors,  is  most  calculated  to  refine  the  taste  and  to 
excite  an  ardent  thirst  for  reading  and  literary  pursuits,  I  should 
name  Dr.  Nathan  Drake."— Cleveland's  Eng.  Lit.  of  the  Nineteenth 
Century. 

Drake's  works  should  have  years  ago  been  republished 
in  America. 

Drake,  R.     Essay  on  the  Gout,  Lon.,  1758,  8vo. 

"  A  work  of  no  merit,  being  little  more  than  a  quack  advertise 
ment." — Dr.  WatCs  Bibl.  Brit. 

Drake,  Rev.  Roger.  Vindicise,  &c.,  Lon.,  1641,  4to. 
Sacred  Chronology,  1648,  8vo.  Holy  Mount,  1653,  12mo. 
The  Sacrament,  1656,  8vo. 

Drake,  Roger,  D.D.     Serms.,  1676,  '77. 

Drake,  Samuel,  D.D.  Serms.,  Ac.,  1670-1724.  New 
ed.  of  Archbp.  Parker's  De  Antiquitate  Britannicae  Eccle- 
siaj,  1729,  fol. 

Drake,  Samuel  G.,  b.  1798,  in  New  Hampshire,  au 
thor  and  bookseller,  was  the  first  to  establish  an  Antiqua 
rian  Bookstore  in  the  U.  S.,  (Boston,  1828.)  Hist,  of  Indian 
Wars,  1825, 12mo.  Indian  Biography,  1832, 12mo.  Book 
of  the  Indians,  1833.  New  ed.,  enlarged,  1852,  8vo.  Old 
Indian  Chronicle,  1836,  18mo.  New  Eng.  Hist,  and  Gen. 
Regr.,  8  vols.  8vo.  Hist,  and  Antiquities  of  Boston,  1855, 
pp.  768.  Contrib.  to  numerous  periodicals. 

"The  Book  of  the  Indians  is  a  work  of  high  authority  for  facts." 

Drake,  Rev.  W.  Antiquarian  papers  in  Archaeol., 
1777j  7 9^  89. 

Drake,  Sir  Wm.     Speech  in  Parl.,  Lon.,  1641,  4to. 

Drake,  Wm.     Serm.,  York,  1745,  8vo. 

Drake,  Rev.  Wm.  Theolog.  and  educational  works, 
Lon.,  1847-53. 

Dralloc,  John.     See  COLLAKD.  JOHN. 

519 


DRA 

Dransfield,  Wm.  Short  Serms.  for  Families  and 
Villages,  Lon.,  1824-33,  3  vols.  12mo;  many  eds. 

"The  sentiments  are  strictly  srriptural  and  evangelical,  ex 
pressed  in  a  clear  and  perspicuous  style,  and  the  subjects  of 
which  they  treat  of  the  greatest  importance."— Lon.  Congreg.  Mag. 
Guide  to  the  Choice  of  Books,  12mo.     Family  Worship, 
6th  ed.,  1848,  p.  8vo. 

Drunt,  Thomas,  D.D.,  d.  about  1578?  a  divine  of 
some  celebrity— "better  known  as  the  first  English  metri 
cal  translator  of  Horace  in  1567,  a  work  of  excessive  rarity 
when  found  in  a  perfect  state,"  (Diidin)—vfis  a  zealous 
opponent  of  Popery.  See  a  notice  of,  and  extracts  from, 
his  Three  godly  and  learned  Sermons,  1584,  8vo,  in  Dib- 
din's  Library  Companion.  He  pub.  several  other  original 
works  and  translations. 

"Drant  is  equally  bold  and  familiar  with  Latimer— but  more 
quaint,  with  greater  affectation  of  learning  and  with  less  warmth 
of  eloquence  than  Fox."     See  Tanner;  Phillips's  Theatrum  Poeta- 
rum;  Warton's  Hist,  of  Eng.  Poetry;  Brit.  Bibliographer. 
Drant,  Thomas.     Serms.,  1637. 
Draper,  Charles.    Fables,  Lon.,  1761,  12mo. 
Draper,  IA.  Col.  E.  A.    Address  to  the  Public  in 
the  case  of  Brig.  Gen.  Picton,  Ac.,  1806. 

Draper,  Henry.  Lectures  on  the  Liturgy,  Lon.,  1806, 
Svo;  on  the  Collects,  1813,  '14,  3  vols.  8vo. 

"  A  perspicuous,  sensible,  evangelical  exposition."— ion.  Eclectic 
Keview. 

"  Contains  no  small  portion  of  the  jargon  of  the  conventicle."— 
Lon.  Critical  Review. 

Draper,  John  Wm.,  b.  1811,  near  Liverpool,  Eng 
land;  graduated  at  the  University  of  Pennsylvania,  1836; 
Prof,  of  Chemistry  in  the  University  of  N.  York,  1839;  has 
pub.  many  valuable  treatises  on  chemistry,  physiology,  and 
mixed  mathematics.  Some  of  his  memoirs  on  the  chemical 
action  of  light  have  been  trans,  in  France,  Germany,  and 
Italy.  Human  Physiology,  Statical  and  Dynamical;  or, 
The  Conditions  and  Course  of  the  Life  of  Man  :  being 
the  Text  of  the  Lectures  delivered  in  the  Medical  Depart 
ment  of  the  University  of  New  York  ;  illustrated  by  nearly 
300  fine  wood-cuts  from  photographs;  new  ed.,  N.  York, 
1858,  8vo,  650  pages. 

"  Stands  first  of  our  physiological  treatises." — Lon.  Med.  Times. 
"  Deserves  to  be  in  the  library  of  every  student  of  physiology." 
—Lon.  Ath&n. 

Draper,  Lyman  C.,  b.  1815,  near  Buffalo,  N.  York. 
Since  1833  he  has  been  actively  engaged  in  collecting  facts 
relating  to  the  History  and  Biography  of  the  Western 
States  of  the  U.S.,  and  the  result  of  his  researches  present 
perhaps  the  most  valuable  collection  of  material  for  a 
series  of  border-biographies  ever  made.  Such  a  series  is 
now  (1858)  in  course  of  preparation  by  Mr.  D.,  assisted 
by  Benson  J.  Lossing,  Esq.  He  edited  with  ability  vols. 
L,  ii.,  and  iii.  of  the  Hist.  Soc.  of  Wisconsin  Collection. 

Draper,  W.  H.  The  Morning  Walk  and  other  Poems, 
Lon.,  1751,  8vo. 

Draper,  Sir  Wm.,  Lt.  Genl.  and  K.  B.,  1721-1787,  Lt. 
Govr.  of  Minorca,  1779,  visited  America  in  1769,  in  which 
year  he  married  Miss  De  Lancey,  daughter  of  the  Chief 
Justice  of  New  York.  This  lady  died  in  1778,  leaving  a 
daughter,  born  1773. 

Sir  Wm.  is  best  known  by  his  controversy  with  Junius, 
an  account  of  which  will  be  found  in  Woodfall's  edit,  of 
Junius's  Letters,  Lon.,  1812.  Answer  to  the  Spanish  Ar 
guments,  Lon.,  1764,  Svo.  Observs.  on  Murray's  Defence, 
1783,  4to. 

Draper,  Wm.  Serm.,  Lon.,  1791,  8vo.  20  Serms., 
1796,  Svo. 

"They  are  written  in  plain  and  easy  language,  and  are  well 
adapted  to  the  abilities  of  country  congregations." 

Reading  Lessons  for  Children.     Pts.  1  and  2,  1812,  8ro, 
Drapes,  Edward.     Theolog.  treatises,  1646-49,  4to. 
Draxe,  Thomas.  Theolog.  works,  Ac.,  Lon.,  1608-16 
Dray,  Thomas.     Chronic  Diseases,  1772,  8vo. 
Drayton,  J.  B.    Poems,  1813,  12mo. 
Drayton,  John,  d.  1822,  aged  60,  Governor  of  S.  Caro 
lina,  1800-02,  and  1808-10,  and  U.  States  District  Judge 
pub.  the  historical  materiel  collected  by  his  father  under 
the  title  of  Memoirs  of  the  American  Revolution  from  its 
commencement  to  1776,  inclusive,  as  relating  to  the  State 
of  S.  Carolina,  Ac.,  1821,  2  vols.  8vo.     He  had  previously 
pub.  View  of  S.  Carolina,  1802,  Svo. 

Drayton,  Michael,  1563-1631,  a  native  of  Hartshill 
Warwickshire,  is  said  to  have  studied  for  some  time  at  Ox 
ford :  this  has  been  questioned,  but  we  think  that  the  tes 
timony  of  Sir  Aston  Cokain  confirms  the  statement.     For 
his  education  he  appears  to  have  been  indebted  to  Si 
Henry  Goodere,  and  among  his  most  eminent    patron 
were  the  Countess  of  Bedford,  and  Sir  Walter  Aston.     T< 
the  hospitality  of  the  latter  he  refers,  when  complaining 
520 


DRA 

f  his  want  of  success  in  gaining  the  smiles  of  the  court 
pon  the  accession  of  James  I. : 

"I  have  neglected  my  papers  [the  Poly  Olbion]  sometimes  two 
ears  together,  finding  the  times  since  his  majesty's  happy  coming 
n,  to  fall  so  heavily  upon  my  distressed  fortunes,  after  my  zealous 
oul  had  laboured  so  longi:i  that  which,  with  the  general  happiness 
f  the  kingdom  seemed  not  then  impossible  somewhat  also  to  have 
dvanced  me.  But  I  instantly  saw  all  my  long-nourished  hopes 
ven  buried  alive  before  my  face :  so  uncertain  in  this  world  be 
he  end  of  our  d'.  .vest  endeavours!  And  whatever  is  herein  that 
astesof  a  free  spi  it,  I  thankfully  confess  to  proceed  from  the  con- 
inued  bounty  of  my  truly  noble  friend  Sir  Walter  Aston;  which 
lath  given  me  the  best  of  those  hours,  whose  leisure  hath  effected 
his  which  now  I  publish." 

He  takes  care  that  the  name  of  his  benefactor  shall  never 
forgotten,  so  long  as  his  own  great  poem  shall  be  fresh 
n  men's  memory  : 
"  Trent,  by  Tixall  graced,  the  Astons'  ancient  seat, 

Which  oft  the  51  use  hath  found  her  safe  and  sweet  retreat." 
The  Earl  of  Dorset  proved  as  kind  to  his  age,  as  Sir  Wal- 
er  Aston  had  to  his  earlier  years,  and  under  the  roof  of 
his  generous  nobleman  he  spent  his  declining  days  in  re- 
)ose  and  comfort,  beloved  by  his  associates,  and  admired 
>y  his  countrymen  at  large. 

In  1593  he  pub.  a  collection  of  pastoral  pieces  under 
he  title  of  Idea :  the  Shepherd's  Garland,  fashioned  in  9 
Sglogs,  Ac.,  4to.  Reprinted  as  Pastorals,  Ac.,  with  the 
Man  in  the  Moon,  Ac.,  1619,  fol.  A  few  years  later  he 
jave  to  the  world  the  Barrons'  Warres,  4to,  (some  copies 
dated  1596,)  and  England's  Heroical  Epistles,  1598,  Svo. 
The  Downfall  of  Robert  of  Normandy,  Matilda,  and  Ga- 
eston  were  also  written  before  1598.  In  1613,  fol.,  ap 
peared  the  first  of  his  principal  work  The  Poly-Olbion, 
containing  18  songs.  This  was  reprinted  in  1622  with  the 
addition  of  12  songs,  making  30  songs  in  the  whole,  or 
30,000  lines,  written  in  Alexandrian  couplets !  This  folio 
s  adorned  with  30  maps.  In  1627  he  pub.  The  Battaile 
of  Agincourt,  Nymphidia,  The  Court  of  Fayrie,  The  Moon 
Calf,  Elegies,  Ac.,  fol.,  and  in  1630  he  pub.  The  Muses  Eli- 
zium,  4to.  Many  of  his  smaller  poetical  pieces  were  issued 
separately,  as  his  Holy  Himnes,  Moyses,  The  Owl,  Ac. 
Collective  editions  of  his  poems  were  pub.  in  1605,  8vo; 
1609,  fol.;  1610,  Svo;  1613,  Svo;  1619,  fol.;  1630,  Svo; 
1637, 12mo.  Works,  1748,  fol;  1752,  4  vols.  Svo.  See  par- 
iculars  of  editions  of  his  separate  and  collected  works  in 
Lowndes's  Bibl.  Man. 

Among  the  most  admired  of  his  compositions,  with  the 
exception  of  his  principal  performance,  seem  to  have  been 
the  Heroical  Epistles.  They  are  now  held  in  light  estima 
tion,  but  the  Nymphidia  can  never  become  obsolete  until 
the  spirit  of  true  poetry  shall  have  lost  its  charms.  In 
1814  (r.  Svo)  Sir  S.  Egerton  Brydges  reprinted  100  copies 
at  the  Lee  Priory  Press. 

Burton,  the  antiquary  of  Leicestershire,  his  "near  coun 
tryman  and  old  acquaintance,"  considers  that  the  name  of 
Drayton  alone  exalted  the  poetical  eminence  of  England  to 
an  equality  with  Italy  itself! 

"  Though  those  Transalpines  account  us  Tramontani  rude  and 
barbarous,  holding  our  brains  so  frozen,  dull,  and  barren,  that  they 
can  afford  no  inventions  or  conceits,  yet  may  he  [Drayton]  compare 
either  with  their  old  Dante,  Petrarch,  or  Boccace,  or  Neoteric  Mari- 
nella,  Pignatello.  or  Stigliano.  But  why  should  I  go  about  to  com 
mend  him  whom  his  own  works  and  worthiness  have  sufficiently 
extolled  to  the  world?"— Description  of  Leicestershire. 

Draytou  was  not  entirely  neglected  in  the  generation 
succeeding  his  own : 

"The  Barons'  "Wars  contains  several  passages  of  considerabl« 
beauty,  which  men  of  greater  renown,  especially  Milton,  who 
availed  himself  largely  of  all  the  poetry  of  the  preceding  age,  have 
been  willing  to  imitate." — HaUam's  Intnduc.  to  Lit.  Hist. 

His  principal  performance,  The  Poly-Olbion,  is  indeed 
a  most  singular  production.  Imagine  a  poet  gravely  pro 
posing  as  the  subject  of  his  muse — A  Chorographical  de 
scription  of  all  the  tracts,  rivers,  mountains,  forests,  and 
other  parts  of  this  renowned  Isle  of  Great  Britain  ;  with 
intermixture  of  the  most  remarkable  stories,  antiquities 
wonders,  Ac.  of  the  same. 

None  but  a  great  poet  could  have  made  such  a  subject 
attractive,  and  none  but  a  thorough  philologist  could  have 
forced  poetry  to  perform  so  well  the  office  of  prose.  Bishop 
Nicolson  greatly  prefers  the  first  portion  to  its  successor : 
"The  first  eighteen  of  these  songs  had  the  honour  to  be  pub 
lished  with  Mr.  Selden'g  notes;  the  other  twelve  being  hardly  ca 
pable  of  such  a  respect"— English  Hist.  Lib. 

It  was  indeed  no  small  advantage  to  the  poet  to  have  so 
distinguished  an  annotator. 

"  Drayton  was  honoured  by  a  commentator  who  must  have  given 
fame  to  any  writer.  If  Selden's  taste  was  equal  to  his  learning, 
Drayton  is  indeed  most  highly  distinguished."—/^.  Vicesimus 
Knox's  Essays. 

Headley  remarks: 

"  His  Puly-Olbiou  is  one  of  the  most  singular  works  this  country 


DRA 

has  produced,  and  seems  to  me  eminently  original.  The  informa 
tion  contained  in  it  is  in  general  so  acute,  that  he  is  quoted  as  an 
authority  both  by  Hearne  and  Wood.  His  perpetual  allusions  to 
obsolete  traditions,  remote  events,  remarkable  facts  and  person 
ages,  together  with  his  curious  genealogies  of  rivers,  and  his  taste 
for  natural  historv,  have  contributed  to  render  his  work  very  valu- 


DRU 

Drewitt,  Thomas.     Theolog.  treatises,  1799, 1801. 

Drewry»C.  S.  Patent  Law,  Lon.,  1838, 8vo.  Injunc 
tions,  1841,  8vo ;  Supp.,  1849.  New  ed.,  with  Supp.,  1849. 

Drinker,  Anna,  a  native  of  Pennsylvania,  better 
known  by  the  nom  de  plume  of  Edith  May,  has  attained 


able  to  the  antiquary  ."—Select  Beauties  of  Ancient  Enalish  Ibetry.       considerable  distinction  as  a  poetess.     Her  contributions 
His  Poly-Olbion  is  certainly  a  wonderful  work,  exhibiting  at  j  to  the  Home  Journal   were  highly  commended  by  N.  P. 


once  the  learning  of  an  historian,  an  antiquary,  a  naturalist,  and 
a  geographer,  and  embellished  by  the  imagination  of  a  poet." — 
Ellis' s  Specimens  of  the  Early  English  Poets. 

Bp.  Nicolson  commends  the  accuracy  of  The  Poly-Olbion : 

"  It  affords  a  much  truer  account  of  this  kingdom,  and  the  do 
minion  of  Wales,  than  could  well  be  expected  from  the  pen  of  a 
poet."— English  Hist.  Lib. 

"  Drayton  is  a  sweet  poet,  and  Selden's  notes  to  the  earlier  part 
of  the  Poly-Olbion  are  well  worth  your  perusal.  .  .  .  Yet  there  are 
instances  of  sublimity  in  Drayton." — COLERIDGE. 

"  There  is  probably  no  poem  of  this  kind  in  any  other  language, 
comparable  together  in  extent  and  excellence  to  the  Poly-Olbion ; 
nor  can  any  one  read  a  portion  of  it  without  admiration  for  its 
learned  and  highly-gifted  author.  Yet  perhaps  no  English  poem, 
known  as  well  by  name,  is  so  little  known  beyond  its  name;  for 
while  its  immense  length  deters  the  common  reader,  it  affords,  as 
has  just  been  hinted,  no  great  harvest  for  selection,  and  would  be 
judged  very  unfairly  by  partial  extracts.  It  must  be  owned  also, 
that  geographical  antiquities  may,  in  modern  times,  be  taught  bet 
ter  in  prose  than  in  verse;  yet  whoever  consults  the  Poly-Olbion 
for  such  objects  will  probably  be  repaid  by  petty  knowledge  which 
he  may  not  have  found  anywhere  else." — HaUam's  Introduc.  to 
Lit.  Hist.  See  also  Warton's  Hist,  of  Eng.  Poetry;  Biog.  Brit.; 
Censura  Literaria;  Brydges's  Imaginative  Biog. ;  Disraeli's  Ameni 
ties  of  Lit.;  Drake's  Shaksp.  and  his  Times;  Phillips's  Theatrum 
Poetarum. 

One  of  the  most  poetical  tributes  offered  to  Drayton's 
muse,  is  that  of  Dr.  Jas.  Kirkpatrick : 

"Drayton,  sweet  ancient  Bard,  his  Albion  sung, 
With  their  own  praise  her  echoing  Valleys  rung; 
His  bounding  Muse  o'er  ev'ry  mountain  rode, 
And  ev'ry  river  warbled  where  he  flcw'd." 

Sea-Piece,  canto  ii. 

Drayton,  Thomas,  D.D.     The  Promises,  Lon.,  1657. 

Drayton,  Chief  Justice  Wm.  Henry,  1742-1779, 


Willis.     Poetical  Works,  1851,  8vo  ;  2d  ed.,  1854. 

"  Her  dramatic  power,  observation  of  life,  imagination,  fancy, 
and  the  easy  and  natural  flow  of  her  verse,  which  is  nowhere 
marred  by  any  blemish  of  imperfect  taste,  entitle  this  very  youth 
ful  poet  to  a  place  in  the  common  estimation  inferior  to  none  occu 
pied  by  writers  of  her  years.    And  there  are  scattered  through  her 
!  poems  gleams  of  an  intelligence  which  they  do  not  fully  disclose, 
and  felicities  of  expression  betraying  latent  power  greater  than  is 
!  excited,  so  that  we  are  not  authorized  to  receive  what  she  has  ac- 
1  complished,  brilliant  as  it  is,  as  a  demonstration  of  the  entire  cha 
racter  and  force  of  her  faculties."— Griswold's  Female  Poets  of 
America,  1853. 

Tales  and  Poems  for  Children,  1855,  12mo. 
Drinkwater,  John,  Capt.  72d  Regt.     Hist,  of  the 
late  siege  of  Gibraltar,  with  a  Description  and  Account  of 
that  Garrison  from  the  earliest  Periods,  Lon.,  1785,  4to ; 

1844,  p.  8vo. 
A  book  so  replete  with  interest  and  information,  as  to  be  truly 


in  our  language.    No  officer  should  be  without  a  copy." — Naval 
and  Military  Gaz. 

Drisler,  Henry,  b.  1818,  on  Staten  Island,  New 
York;  graduated  at  Columbia  College,  New  York  City, 
1839 ;  appointed  Tutor  in  Ancient  Languages  in  the  same 
institution,  1843;  Adjunct  Professor,  1843,  and  Professor 
of  Latin,  1847.  Assisted  Professor  Anthon  in  several  of 
his  classical  works ;  re-edited,  with  considerable  additions, 
Liddell  and  Scott's  edition  of  Porson's  Greek  Lexicon, 
New  York,  1851-52,  8vo.  The  sale  of  this  invaluable 
lexicon  reached  25,000  copies  in  two  years  after  publica 
tion,  (1851-53.)  Had  in  press  a  greatly-enlarged  edition 


one  of  the  principal  promoters  of  American  independence,  |  of  Yonge's  English-Greek  Lexicon,  which  was  destroyed 


and  President  of  the  Provincial  Congress,  died  suddenly 
in  Philadelphia,  while  attending  to  his  duties  as  a  member 
of  Congress.  He  compiled  a  History  of  the  American  Re 
volution,  &c.,  which  was  pub.  by  his  son.  See  DRAYTON, 
JOHN.  His  descendants  now  living  amply  sustain  the 
honour  of  the  family.  See  Ramsay's  Hist,  of  the  Revolu 
tion  in  S.  Carolina,  1785,  2  vols.  8vo. 

Drebel,  Cornelius,  1572-1634,  a  native  of  Holland, 
died  in  London,  where  he  distinguished  himself  by  his 
knowledge  of  natural  philosophy.     The  principal  of  his 
works  is  entitled  De  Natura  Elementorum,  Hamb.,1621,8vo. 
Drelingcourt,  P.    Speech,  Dubl.,  1682,  4to. 
Drennan,  Wm.,  M.D.    A  Letter  to  Earl  Fitzwilliam, 
and  two  to  Wm.  Pitt,  1795,  '99. 
Drew,  Edward.     Serm.,  Lon.,  1803,  8vo. 
Drew,  G.  S.     8  Serms.,  Lon.,  1845,  8vo;  1849. 
"  The  composition  is  clear  and  forcible ;  the  sentiments  are  evan 
gelical;  and  the  tendency  of  each  discourse  is  to  enlighten  and 
impress." — Lon.  Biblical  Rev. 

Serm.,  1849,  8vo.  Evening  Classes  for  Young  Men  j  2 
Lect,  1852,  12mo. 

Drew, John.  Address,  1649  j  Plea,  1651;  boththeolog. 
Drew,  John.     Manual  of  Astronomy,  Lon.,  1845,  r. 
18mo;  2ded.,  1853,  12mo. 

Drew,Rich.  A  Balance  Level,Nic.  Jour.,1808.  The  So 
ciety  of  Arts  voted  Mr.  Drew  ten  guineas  for  this  invention. 
Drew,  Robert.     Serms.,  1725,  '35,  8vo. 
Drew,  Samuel,  1765-1833,  a  shoemaker  of  Cornwall, 
a  converted  infidel,  became  editor  of  The  Imperial  Maga 
zine.     Remarks  on   Paine's  Age  of  Reason,  1798,  1803, 
'20.     The  Immateriality  and  Immortality  of  the  Human 
Soul,  1802,  8vo;  8th  ed.,  1848, 12mo.     Trans,  into  French. 
"  This  work  on  the  soul  is  truly  wonderful,  and  nothing  like  it 
was  ever  published." — Prof.  Kidd,  in  a  Letter  to  J.  H.  Drew. 

"  His  masterpiece  of  metaphysical  argument  is  contained  in  his 
Essay  on  the  Soul,  from  which  he  has  been  styled  The  English 
Plato." — Lon.  Christian  Remembrancer. 

Life  of  Dr.  Coke,  2  vols.  Identity  and  General  Resur 
rection  of  the  Human  Body,  1809,  8vo.  Being  and  Attri 
butes  of  God,  1820,  2  vols.  8vo.  Remains,  Sermons,  <fcc., 
edited  by  his  son,  8vo.  Life  of,  by  his  son,  8vo. 

"  Incident,  anecdote,  or  sentiment,  is  in  every  page ;  and  the 
piety,  not  enthusiasm,  but  religious  philosophy,  that  runs  through 
out,  gives  a  charm  to  the  whole." — Lon.  Chris.  Advocate. 

Drew,  Wm.  Fontanieu's  Art  of  making  coloured 
crystals  to  imitate  Precious  Stones,  Lon.,  1789,  8vo. 

Drew,  Wm.  A.,  b.  1798,  in  Massachusetts,  an  agri 
cultural  writer.  Glimpses  and  Gatherings  during  the 
Great  London  Exhibition  of  1851,  12mo,  pp.  404.  Con- 
trib.  to  various  religious  and  agricultural  journals. 

Drewe,  Major  Edward,  of  35th  Regt.  Military 
Sketches,  1784,  8vo. 


by  fire.  It  is  now  (1858)  being  re-stereotyped.  Professor 
Drisler  has  in  a  forward  state  of  preparation  a  Greek-and- 
English  Lexicon  for  the  use  of  schools. 

Driver,  Abr.  and  Wm.     Agricult.  of  Hants,  1794. 

"It  claims  no  particular  notice." — Donaldson's  Agricult.  Biog. 

Driver,  Wm.    See  DRIVER,  ABR. 

Drope,  Francis.  Short  and  sure  guide  in  the  prac 
tice  of  raising  and  ordering  Fruit  Trees,  Oxf.,  1672,  8vo. 

Drope,  John.     Hymenaean  Essay,  Oxf.,  1622. 

Drought,  Rev.  Robert.  Anacreon,  with  trans,  Ac. 
by  the  Rev.  Hercules  Younge,  1802,  12mo. 

Drouville,  J.  B.     Lancers,  1811,  4to. 

Druery,  J.  II.     Great  Yarmouth,  1826,  8vo. 

Druitt,  Robert.     Church  Music,  Lon.,  1845,  8vo. 

Druitt,  Robert.  Difficult  Subjects  in  Anatomy  and 
Surgery,  2d  ed.,  Lon.,  1846,  '48.  Surgeon's  Vade  Mecum, 
6th  ed.,  1853,  12mo.  Principles  and  Practice  of  Minor 
Surgery.  New  Amer.  ed.,  by  F.  W.  Sargent,  M.D.,  author 
of  Modern  Surgery,  <fcc.,  Phila.,  8vo. 

"  An  unsurpassable  compendium,  not  only  of  surgical,  but  of 
medical,  practice."— Lon.  Med.  Gaz. 

"  It  is  a  useful  handbook  for  the  practitioner,  and  we  should  deem 
a  teacher  of  surgery  unpardonable  who  did  not  recommend  it  to  his 
pupils.  In  our  own  opinion,  it  is  admirably  adapted  to  the  wants 
of  the  student." — Provincial  Medical  and  Surgical  Journal. 

Drummond,  (in  association  with  Bromley.)  Obi;  or 
the  History  of  Three-fingered  Jack,  1800. 

Drummond,  Dr.  Abernethy.  Appendix  to  the 
Church  Catechism,  Lon.,  1759,  8vo. 

Drummond,  Alex.     Travels,  Lon.,  1754,  fol. 

Drummond,  Alex.  M.     Febribus,  Edin.,  1770,  8vo. 

Drummond,  Rev.  D.  T.  K.    Corresp.  between,  and 


Bp.  Terrot,  Edin.,  1842,  8vo. 
Other  works. 
Drummond,  Edward* 

See  Moore's  Travels,  p.  175. 


Episcopacy  in  Scot.,  1845. 
Voyage  up  the   Gambia 


Drummond,  E.  A.  H.,  D.D.,  1758-1830.  Serm., 
1792,  4to.  Catechet.  Ques.  prior  to  Confirmation,  Lon., 
1813,  8vo;  1818. 

Drummond,  George  H.  Theolog.  works,  <fcc.,  1790- 
1804. 

Drummond,  Mrs.  H.  Theolog.  works,  Edin.,  1845, 
8vo. 

Drummond,  Henry.  Dialogues  of  Prophecy,  1827- 
29,  3  vols.  8vo.  Defence  of  the  Students  of  Prophecy, 
Lon.,  1828,  8vo.  Social  Duties,  or  Christian  Principles, 
1839,  sm.  8vo.  Revealed  Religion,  1845,  8vo. 

"  Contains  many  striking  passages  of  great  power,  depth,  and 
truth."— English  Cliurchman. 

Drummond,  Henry  H.     Obs.  on  Edin.  Rev.,  1810. 

Drummond,  James  L.,  M.D.    Letters  to^a  Young 


DRU 


DRY 


Naturalist  on  the  Study  of  Nature  and  Natural  Theology, 
Lon.,  1832,  12mo. 

"  Happily  calculated  to  generate  in  a  young  mind,  to  sustain  in 
the  matured,  and  to  renovate  in  the  old,  an  ardent  love  of  nature 
under  all  her  forms." — Lon.  Montfdy  Review, 

First  Steps  to  Botany,  1835,  12mo. 

"  Adapted  to  make  the  study  at  once  attractive  and  improving 
in  a  high  degree.'' — Lon.  Eclectic  Review. 

First  Steps  to  Anatomy,  1845,  fp.  8vo. 

"  The  work  of  a  master  throwing  off  the  results  of  his  own 
knowledge." — Lon.  Spectator. 

On  Natural  Systems  of  Botany,  1845,  12mo. 

Drummond,  Lord  John.     His  Case,  1715,  8vo. 

Drummond,  John.     Case  of  A.  Oswald,  1715,  8vo. 

Drummond,  John,  M.D.    Ed.  Med.  Ess.,  1731. 

Drummond,  John.     Grammar,  1767. 

Drummond,  Dr.  R.  Grammatical  Illustrations, 
Bombay,  1808,  fol. 

Drummond,  Robert  Hay,  1711-1776,  son  of  the 
Earl  of  Kinnoul,  educated  at  Christ  Church,  Oxford,  Bishop 
of  St.  Asaph,  1748;  trans,  to  Salisbury,  1761;  Archbishop 
of  York,  1761.  Serms.,  a  Letter  on  Theological  Study, 
and  Memoirs  of  his  Life,  by  his  son,  George  Hay  Drum 
mond,  Edin.,  1803,  8vo.  These  sermons  had  before  been 
pub.  separately. 

Drummond,  T.     Med.  Com.,  1789-93. 

Drummond,  T.     Theolog.  treatises,  1805-09. 

Drummond,  T.     Theolog.  letters,  1812,  12mo. 

Drummond,  T.  B.   Forms  of  Proceedings,  Ac.,  1826. 

Drummond,  Thomas.     Poems,  1756,  8vo. 

Drummond,  William,  of  Hawthornden,  1585-1649, 
is  distinguished  as  the  first  Scottish  poet  who  wrote  well  in 
English.  He  was  the  son  of  Sir  John  Drummond,  was 
educated  at  the  University  of  Edinburgh,  and  studied  civil 
law  in  France ;  but  upon  the  death  of  his  father  retired  to 
his  beautiful  seat  at  Hawthornden,  one  of  the  loveliest 
spots  in  the  world.  Here  it  was  that  Ben  Jonson  paid 
him  his  memorable  visit  in  1619.  Poems,  Edin.,  1616,  4to. 
Other  edits,  see  Lowndes's  Bibl.  Man.  Cypress  Grove,  a 
moral  treatise  in  prose.  Flowers  of  Zion,  or  Spiritual 
Poems,  1623,  '30,  4to.  Hist  of  Scotland,  1423-1542,  Lon., 
1655,  fol. ;  1681,  8vo.  Memorials  of  State,  Familiar  Epis 
tles,  Cypress  Grove,  <fec.,  1681,  8vo.  Polemo  Middinia, 
Oxf.,  1691,  4to.  The  first  macaronic  poem  by  a  native  of 
Great  Britain.  Works,  Edin.,  1711,  fol.;  1791,  sm.  8vo. 
New  edit.,  with  Life  by  Peter  Cunningham,  1833,  12mo. 
Among  the  most  admired  of  Drummond's  compositions  are 
The  River  of  Forth  Feasting,  On  Spring,  To  the  Nightin 
gale,  The  Praise  of  a  Solitary  Life,  To  his  Lute,  and  Tears 
on  the  Death  of  Moeliades. 

The  Forth  Feasting  is  designed  to  compliment  King 
James  II.  on  his  visit  to  Scotland  in  1617. 

"  It  attracted  the  envy  as  well  as  the  praise  of  Ben  Jonson,  is 
superior  in  harmony  of  numbers  to  any  of  the  compositions  of  the 
contemporary  poets  of  Scotland,  and  in  its  subjects  one  of  the  most 
elegant  panegyrics  ever  addressed  by  a  poet  to  a  prince."— LORD 
WOODHOUSELEE:  LifeofKames. 

"Drummond's  sonnets,  I  think,  come  as  near  as  almost  any 
others  to  the  perfection  of  this  kind  of  writing,  which  should  em 
body  a  sentiment,  and  every  shade  of  a  sentiment,  as  it  varies  with 
time  and  place  and  humour,  with  the  extravagance  or  lightness  of 
a  momentary  impression." — HAZLITT. 

"The  sonnets  of  Drummond  of  Hawthornden,  the  most  cele 
brated  in  that  class  of  poets,  have  obtained  probably  as  much  praise 
as  they  deserve.  But  they  are  polished  and  elegant,  free  from  con 
ceit  and  bad  taste,  in  pure  unblemished  English ;  some  are  pathetic 
or  tender  in  sentiment,  and  if  they  do  not  show  much  originality, 
at  least  would  have  acquired  a  fair  place  among  the  Italians  of  the 
sixteenth  century." — HAJ.LAM  :  Introduc.  to  Lit.  Hist. 

As  a  prose  writer,  though  not  without  great  merit,  Drum 
mond  is  not  so  much  admired  as  in  the  more  congenial  walks 
of  poetry.  Yet  who  can  linger  over  the  solemn  cadence  of 
the  Cypress  Grove,  as  the  moralist  argues  against  unrea 
sonable  fears  of  the  "last  enemy,"  without  being  continu 
ally  reminded  of  that  rare  old  master  of  impressive  thought 
and  eloquent  language— the  wise  Leech  of  Norwich,  Sir 
Thomas  Browne? 

Drummond,  Sir  William,  d.  1828.  Govt.  of  Sparta 
and  Athens,  Lon.,  1794,  r.  8vo.  Trans,  of  the  Satires  of 
Persius,  1798,  8vo.  Acad.  Questions,  1805, 4to,  vol.  i.  Her- 
culanensia,  1810,  4to;  in  conjunction  with  R.  Walpole,  Esq. 
Punic  Inscrip.,  1811,  r.  4to.  CEdipus  Judaicus,  1811,  8vo. 

"  The  learned  baronet  gravely  maintains  that  the  whole  Old  Tes 
tament  is  allegorical ;  and  that  a  great,  if  not  the  leading,  object 
of  it,  is  to  teach  a  correct  system  of  astronomy."—  Or me's  Bibl.  Bib. 
This  curious  work  was  answered  by  Drs.  D'Oyly,  Town- 
send,  and  in  the  Lon.  Quart.  Rev.,  ix.  329.  Odin,  part  1, 
1817,  r.  4to.  Origines,  or  remarks  on  the  origin  of  Em 
pires,  States,  and  Cities,  1824-29,  4  vols.  8vo. 

"  Every  reader  of  these  pages  cannot  hesitate  to  attribute  to  him 
the  most  patient  industry  of  antiquarian  research,  and  the  appli 


cation  of  great  learning  and  skill  to  the  varied  difficulties  of  his 
undertaking." — British  Critic. 

Drummond,  William  H.,  D.D.  Battle  of  Trafal 
gar;  a  Poem,  1806,  12mo.  Trans,  of  Lucretius,  1809,  cr. 
Svo.  Giant's  Causeway;  a  Poem,  1812,  8vo. 

Drury.     Resurrection,  1812,  8vo. 

Drury,  Anna  Harriet.  Annesley  and  other  Poems, 
Lon.,  1847,  fp.  8vo. 

"We  at  once  and  unhesitatingly  couple  her  name  with  the  fa 
mous  names  of  Goldsmith  and  Crabbe."— Lon.  Literary  Gaz. 

Friends  and  Fortunes ;  a  Moral  Tale,  1849, 12mo ;  2d  ed., 
1853.  The  Inn  by  the  Seaside,  1852,  fp.  8vo.  Light  and 
Shade,  1852,  12mo. 

Drury,  Charles.  Farmers'  Discovery  in  Agriculture, 
Lon.,  1810,  Svo;  enlarged,  1815,  8vo. 

"A  person  of  fruitful  ideas,  but  puny  and  meagre,  and  had  not 
a  large  grasp  of  original  conception."— Donaldson's  Agricult.  Biog. 

Drury,  Drew.  Illustrations  of  Natural  History,  Lon., 
1770,  '73,  '82,  3  vols.  4to,  £7  17*.  6rf.,  plain;  £15  15s.,  co 
loured.  Highly  commended  by  Linnaeus,  Fabricius,  and 
others. 

"Opus  entomologicus  splendidisshnus." — REV.  WM.  KIRBY. 

"A  most  beautiful  and  valuable  work  on  entomology." — HA- 

WORTH. 

New  ed.,  entitled  Illustrations  of  Foreign  Entomology, 
edited  by  J.  0.  Westwood,  1837,  3  vols.  4to,  £6  16s.  6rf.  / 
nearly  700  figures,  engraved  by  Moses  Harris. 

"  The  exquisite  work  of  Drury  displays  the  complete  insect  in  a 
degree  of  perfection  that  leaves  nothing  to  be  desired." — SIR  JAMES 
EDWARD  SMITH,  Pres.  of  the  Linncean  Society. 

"  Very  accurate  and  excellent  figures." — Swainsorfs  Zoological 
Illustrations. 

'•Drury's  work  has  not  been  surpassed  in  beauty  and  accuracy 
of  execution  by  any  of  the  sumptuous  efforts  of  the  present  day." 
— Encyc.  Brit. :  Art.  Entr/mnlogy. 

"  A  few  years  ago,  a  new  edition,  with  impressions  from  the  ori 
ginal  plates,  was  published  under  the  editorial  care  of  Mr.  West- 
wood,  by  Mr.  Henry  Bohn,  the  bookseller.  It  is  not  easy  to  speak 
of  this  edition  in  terms  of  too  high  commendation." — SIR  WILLIAM 
JARDINE. 

Drury,  Edward.     Office  of  a  Bishop,  1709. 

Drury,  Capt.  O'Brien,  R.N.  Observations  on  Mag 
netic  Fluid ;  Trans.  R.  Irish  Acad.,  1788. 

Drury,  Robert.  Madagascar;  or  Robert  Drury's 
Journal  during  15  Years  Captivity  there,  Lon.,  1722,  Svo. 

"The  most  authentic  account  of  that  country  that  has  ever  ap 
peared."—  Watt's  Bibl.  Brit. 

Drury,  W.  B.  Reports,  1838,  '39,  Dubl.,  1840,  Svo, 
and  F.  W.  Walsh  ;  Reports  Irish  Chancery,  1839-42, 2  vols. 
8vo,  and  R.  E.  Warren,  ditto,  1841,  4  vols.  Svo. 

Drury,  Wm.,  teacher  of  Poetry  and  Rhetoric  in  the 
English  College  of  Douay  in  the  17th  century.  Dranama- 
tica  Poemata,  Douay,  1628,  Svo;  1658,  12mo. 

Dryander,  Jonas,  1748-1810,  a  Swedish  naturalist, 
resided  for  many  years  in  London,  where,  at  the  time  of 
his  death,  he  was  Vice  Pres.  of  the  Linnaean  Society,  of 
which  he  was  one  of  the  principal  founders.  He  wrote 
several  botanical  treatises,  edited  some  works  of  a  similar 
character,and  drew  up  Catalogus  Bibliothecse  Historico-Na- 
turalis  Josephi  Banks,  Baroneti,  5  vols.  Svo,  Londini,  1798. 

"An  excellent  and  admirably  arranged  catalogue;  the  most 
comprehensive  of  the  kind  ever  published.  It  contains  a  collation 
of  all  the  articles  in  the  library,  and  is  illustrated  with  much  cu 
rious  and  important  information." — LOWNDES. 

Drych,  Theophilus  Evans.  Y  Prif  Oesoedd  yn 
Ddwy  Ran.  Argraphwyd,  1716,  8vo.  Concerning  Wales. 

Dryden,  Charles,  drowned  1704,  whilst  attempting 
to  swim  across  the  Thames,  near  Datchett,  was  the  eldest 
son  of  the  great  poet.  He  was  educated  at  Westminster 
and  King's  College,  Cambridge.  A  few  Latin  and  English 
fugitive  poems  comprise  his  contributions  to  the  literature 
of  his  country. 

Dryden,  John,  b.  Aug.  9,  1631,  d.  May  1,  1700,  a  na 
tive  of  Aldwinckle,  Northamptonshire,  was  a  son  of  Eras 
mus  Driden,  (the  poet  preferred  the  substitution  of  y,)  a 
rigid  Puritan,  of  an  ancient  family  of  great  respectability 
in  Northamptonshire.  The  grandfather  of  the  poet,  Sir 
Erasmus  Driden,  was  created  a  knight  by  James  I.  He 
had  the  good  fortune  to  be  placed  at  Westminster  School, 
under  the  tutorship  of  the  famous  Dr.  Busby,  the  stimulat 
ing  properties  of  whose  classic  rod  are  well  known  to  fame. 
Whilst  there  he  translated  the  third  Satire  of  Persius,  and 
wrote  an  elegy  on  the  death  of  Lord  Hastings.  In  1650 
he  was  removed  to  Trinity  College,  Cambridge,  where  he 
took  the  degree  of  B.A.  in  January,  1653-54;  in  1657  he 
!  was  made  A.M.  by  a  dispensation  from  the  Archbishop  of 
Canterbury.  In  the  same  year  he  removed  to  London, 
j  where  be  obtained  employment  as  secretary  to  a  relative, 
•  Sir  Gilbert  Pickering.  At  this  time  he  was  a  great  admirer 
I  of  Oliver  Cromwell,  and  on  his  death  in  1658  Dryden  com- 
I  memorated  the  event  in  his  Heroic  Stanzas  on  the  late  Lord 
i  Protector.  He  dried  his  tears,  however,  in  time  to  enable 


DRY 

him  to  welcome  a  new  sovereign  in  Astrae  Redux,  a  Poem 
on  the  Restoration,  1660.  This  was  followed  by  A  Pane- 
gyrick  to  his  sacred  Majesty,  King  Charles  II.,  on  his  Co 
ronation,  1661.  In  1662  he  produced  his  first  play,  The 
Wild  Gallant,  which  does  not  seem  to  have  impressed  the 
public  very  favourably.  Not  discouraged,  however,  he 
soon  afterwards  gave  to  the  world  The  Rival  Ladies,  and 
The  Indian  Emperor.  The  last  made  him  famous;  but, 
alas,  it  made  him  also  a  married  man !  It  was  written  in 
conjunction  with  Sir  Robert  Howard,  through  whose  means 
he  became  acquainted  with  Lady  Elizabeth,  eldest  daughter 
of  the  Earl  of  Berkshire.  Poets  of  course  must  make  love 
to  such  of  the  opposite  sex  as  they  happen  to  encounter; 
here  was  the  daughter  of  an  earl,  evidently,  too,  not  ill 
pleased  with  his  respectful  homage.  In  an  evil  day  he 
wooed  and  won.  The  parties  soon  discovered  that  they 
were  totally  unsuited  to  each  other;  so  her  ladyship  railed, 
and  the  poet  revenged  himself  by 

"  Vending  such  bitter  sarcasms  against  the  matrimonial  state  as 
too  plainly  bore  evidence  to  his  domestic  misery." 

In  1667  appeared  Annus  Mirabilis,  the  Year  of  Wonders, 
being  an  account  of  the  events  of  1666.     Here  we  have 
such  matters  noted  down  as  the  Great  Fire,  the  Dutch  War, 
Ac.    None  but  a  great  poetical  genius  could  have  triumphed 
over  the  prosaic  impediments  to  success  in  a  piece  of  this 
character.     The  following  verses,  describing  the  unhappy 
condition  of  those  London  citizens  whose  houses  had  been 
destroyed  by  the  fire,  and  those  who  were  spending  their 
last  night  under  their  loved  roofs,  are  truly  graphic : 
"  Those  who  have  homes,  when  home  they  do  repair, 
To  a  last  lodging  call  their  wandering  friends; 
Their  short  uneasy  sleeps  are  broke  with  care, 
To  look  how  near  their  own  destruction  comes. 
Those  who  have  none,  sit  round  where  once  it  was, 
And  with  full  eyes  each  wonted  room  require : 
Haunting  the  yet  warm  ashes  of  the  place, 
As  murder'd  men  walk  where  they  did  expire." 
Dryden's  was  now  a  great  name  with  the  wits,  and  in 
1668  he  succeeded  Sir  William  Davenant  as  poet-laureate. 
His  excellent  essay  upon  Dramatic  Poetry,  published  in  the 
same  year,  proved  that  the  author  was  not  unworthy  of  his 
new  honours.     But  we  are  sorry  to  add,  that  as  a  dramatic 
author  he  displays — indeed  ostentatiously  obtrudes — faults 
of  the  gravest  character.     No  writer  seems  to  be  fonder  of 
what  is  unholy,  unlovely,  and  of  bad  report.     The  becom 
ing  decencies  of  domestic  life,  the  sanctity  of  the  matri 
monial  tie,  the  respect  due  to  the  ministers  of  the  Christian 
faith,  and  the  awful  consideration  of  accountability  to  the 
Supreme  Being,  would  be  deemed  strange  matters  in  Dry- 
den's  dramatic  circles. 

"Unhappy  Dryden!  in  all  Charles's  days, 

Roscommon  only  boasts  unspotted  lays!"— POPE. 
The  following  is  a  list  of  the  plays,  with  their  appropri 
ate  dates,  of  which  Dryden  was  sole  or  joint  author: 

1.  THE  WILD  GALLANT,  Comedy,  1662. 

2.  THE  RIVAL  LADIES,  Tragi-Comedy,  1664. 

3.  THE  INDIAN  EMPEROUR,  Tragi-Comedy,  1667. 

4.  SECRET  LOVE  ;  or,  THE  MAIDEN  QUEEN,  Tragi-Comedy, 

1668. 

5.  SIR  MARTIN  MAR-ALL,  Comedy,  1668. 

6.  THE  TEMPEST,  altered  by  Davenant  and  Dryden  from 

Shakspeare,  Comedy,  1670. 

7.  TVRANNICK  LOVE;  or,  THE  ROYAL  MARTYR,  Tragedy, 

1670. 

8.  AN  EVENING'S  LOVE;  or,  THE  MOCK  ASTROLOGER,.CO- 

medy,  1671. 

9.  THE  CONQUEST  OF  GRANADA,  Tragedy,  1672. 

10.  ALMANZOR  AND  ALMAHIDE  ;  or,  THE  CONQUEST  OP  GRA 

NADA,  part  2,  1672. 

11.  MARRIAGE  A-LA-MODE,  Comedy,  1673. 

12.  THE  ASSIGNATION;  or,  LOVE  IN  A  NUNNERY,  Comedv, 

1673. 

13.  AMBOYNA,  Tragedy,  1673. 

14.  THE  STATE  OF  INNOCENCE  AND  FALL  OF  MAN.  Opera, 

1676. 

15.  AURENGZEBE,  Tragedy,  1676. 

16.  ALL  FOR  LOVE,  Tragedy,  1678. 

17.  OEDIPUS,  by  Dryden  and  Lee,  Tragedy,  1679. 

18.  TROILUS  AND  CRESSIDA,  Tragedy,  1679. 

19.  THE  KIND  KEEPER;  or,  MR.  LiMBERHAM,Comedy,1680. 

20.  THE  SPANISH  TYRANT,  Tragi-Comedy,  1681. 

21.  THE  DUKE  OF  GUISE,  by  Dryden  and  Lee,  Tragedy, 

1683. 

22.  ALBION  AND  ALBANIUS,  Opera,  1685. 

23.  DON  SEBASTIAN,  Tragedy,  1690. 

24.  AMPHYTRION,  Comedy,  1690. 

25.  KING  ARTHUR,  Opera,  1691. 

26.  CLEOMENES;  or,  THE  SPARTAN  HERO,  Tragedy,  1692. 

27.  LOVE  TRIUMPHANT,  Tragi-Comedy,  1694. 


DRY 

"  He  also  brought  upon  the  stage  a  play  of  which  he  only  wrote 
one  scene,  called  The  Mistaken  Husband,  Comedy,  1675." 

See  Biog.  Dramat. ;  and  for  lists  of  Dryden's  various 
publications,  first  editions,  &c.,  see  Watt's  Bibl.  Brit,  and 
Biog.  Brit.  To  the  latter  work,  to  Johnson's  and  Scott's 
Lives  of  the  poet,  and  to  the  sources  noticed  below,  we 
must  also  refer  the  reader  for  the  details  of  Dryden's  lite 
rary  life,  his  friendships  and  his  quarrels,  his  successes 
and  defeats,  his  trials  and  his  consolations.  He  was  truly 
"  a  man  of  war  from  his  youth,"  and  his  controversies  with 
the  Buckinghams,  Rochesters,  Shadwells,  and  Settles  of 
the  day,  present  any  thing  but  a  flattering  picture  of  the 
manners  and  minor  morals  of  that  period.  We  have  al 
ready  animadverted  upon  Dryden's  share  of  culpability  in 
those  abuses  of  the  drama  which  provoked  the  righteous 
indignation  of  Jeremy  Collier.  We  were  pleased  to  be 
able  to  record  also  the  acknowledgment  and  repentance  of 
the  erring  dramatist. 

That  his  religious  impressions  became  more  lively  towards 
the  close  of  his  life,  we  have  good  reason  to  believe.  Shortly 
after  the  accession  of  King  James  he  became  a  convert  to 
the  Church  of  Rome,  in  whose  communion  he  yielded  up 
his  last  breath.  His  sincerity,  indeed,  has  been  much 
doubted  both  by  contemporaries  and  posterity ;  but  we  are 
loath  to  suspect  hypocrisy  where  the  other  presumption  ia 
at  all  tenable.  Scott  is  willing  to  lean  on  the  side  of  cha 
rity,  and  the  comments  of  Dr.  Johnson  exhibit  an  excellent 
specimen  of  his  rare  powers  of  comprehensive  yet  terse 
argumentation : 

"  That  conversion  will  always  he  suspected  that  apparently  con 
curs  with  interest.  He  that  never  finds  his  error  till  it  hinders  his 
progress  towards  wealth  or  honour  will  not  be  thought  to  love 
truth  only  for  herself.  Yet  it  may  easily  happen  that  information 
may  come  at  a  commodious  time ;  and,  as  truth  and  interest  are 
not  by  any  fatal  necessity  at  variance,  that  one  may  by  accident 
introduce  the  other.  When  opinions  are  struggling  into  popularity, 
the  arguments  by  which  they  are  opposed  or  defended  become  more 
known ;  and  he  that  changes  his  profession  would  perhaps  have 
changed  it  before,  with  the  like  opportunities  of  instruction.  This 
was  the  then  state  of  Popery ;  every  artifice  was  used  to  show  it  in 
its  fairest  form ;  and  it  must  be  owned  to  be  a  religion  of  external 
appearance  sufficiently  attractive." — Life  of  Dry  dim. 

The  Revolution  dissipated  the  hopes  which  the  polemical 
poet  had  entertained  of  bettering  his  embarrassed  fortunes; 
and  when,  two  years  later,  he  was  called  to  his  last  account, 
he  left  not  enough  of  the  substance  for  which  he  had  so 
laboriously  toiled  to  carry  him  in  peace  to  the  "  house  ap 
pointed  for  all  living." 

Without  crediting  the  "wild  story" of  the  drunken  brawl 
and  "  tumultuary  and  confused"  proceedings  which  are  al 
leged  to  have  interrupted  the  funeral  cortege  and  delayed 
the  solemn  services  for  the  departed,  there  seems  no  reason 
to  doubt  that  the  body  of  the  most  illustrious  Englishman 
of  the  day  was  obliged  to  wait  for  its  last  asylum  until  the 
completion  of  a  hasty  subscription  enabled  the  survivors 
to  discharge  the  expenses  connected  with  its  interment. 
He  lies  in  Westminster  Abbey,  between  the  graves  of  Chau 
cer  and  Cowley. 

Of  the  family  of  the  poet,  his  widow  died  insane,  after 
surviving  her  husband  fourteen  years.  Charles,  the  eldest 
son,  was  drowned  in  the  Thames,  as  already  mentioned. 
John,  the  second  son,  died  at  Rome  in  1701.  Erasmus 
Henry,  the  third  son,  died  in  1710;  he  succeeded  to  the 
title  of  baronet,  which  passed  to  his  uncle,  the  brother  of 
the  poet,  and  thence  to  his  grandson.  The  present  repre 
sentative  of  the  family  (1855)  is  Sir  Henry  Edward  Leigh 
Dryden,  of  Canons-Ashby. 

It  is  now  proper  that  we  should  particularize  those  pro 
ductions  of  Dryden,  in  addition  to  those  already  noticed, 
which  have  secured  him  so  high  and  so  permanent  a  posi 
tion  in  the  republic  of  English  letters.  In  accordance  with 
our  custom,  we  shall  adduce  the  opinions  of  those  who  by 
their  own  reputation  have  earned  a  right  to  a  respectful 
hearing  when  they  pronounce  upon  the  merits  or  demerits 
of  others.  The  limited  space  to  which  we  are  necessarily 
confined  will  be  a  sufficient  apology  for  the  paucity  and 
brevity  of  our  quotations. 

Absalom  and  Achitophel,  1681,  (of  the  2d  part,  1684,  all 
but  200  lines  of  Dryden's  was  written  by  Nahum  Tate.)  is 
a  poetical  satire  against  the  party  which  by  the  manage 
ment  of  Lord  Shaftesbuiry  placed  the  Duke  of  Monmouth 
at  its  head.  The  Duke  of  Buckingham  was  the  ostensible 
author  of  The  Rehearsal,  1671,  in  which  Dryden  was  ridi 
culed  under  the  name  of  Bayes.  The  poet  now  returned 
the  compliment  by  representing  Buckingham  in  the  cha 
racter  of  Zimri,  in  Absalom  and  Achitophel.  To  the  second 
part,  Dryden  contributed  about  200  lines,  in  which  he  in 
troduces  Settle  and  Shadwell  under  the  names  of  Doeg  and 
Og.  He  never  cared  for  disparity  of  numbers : 


DRY 

"His  antagonists  came  on  with  infinite  zeal  and  fury,  discharg 
ing  their  ill-aimed  blows  on  every  side,  and  exhausted  their 
strength  in  violent  and  ineffectual  rage;  but  the  keen  and  tren 
chant  blade  of  Dryden  never  makes  a  thrust  in  vain,  and  never 
strikes  but  at  a  vulnerable  point."— SIR  WALTER  SCOTT 

"  Of  this  poem,  in  which  personal  satire  was  applied  to  the  sup 
port  of  public  principles,  and  in  which  therefore  every  mind  was 
interested,  the  reception  was  eager,  and  the  sale  so  large,  that  my 
father,  an  old  bookseller,  told  me  he  had  not  known  it  equalled  but 
by  Sacheverell's  trial."— DR.  JOHNSON. 

"The  greatest  of  his  satires  is  Absalom  and  Achitophel,  that 
work  in  which  his  powers  became  fully  known  to  the  world,  and 
which,  as  many  think,  he  never  surpassed.  ...  The  spontaneous 

ease  of  expression,  the  rapid  transitions,  the  general  elasticity  and     -  for  hf  h 

movement,  have  never  been  excelled."— HALLAM  :  Introduc.  to  Lit. 
History. 

The  Medal,  a  satire  against  sedition,  1681,  may  be  con 
sidered  as  a  continuation  6f  the  preceding.  It  drew  forth 
bitter  responses,  and  Shadwell's  zeal  against  the  satirist 
was  rewarded  by  his  becoming  the  hero  of  Mac  Flecknoe, 
pub.  in  the  ensuing  year. 

In  this  year,  also,  he  gave  to  the  world  Religio  Laici, 
which  professes  to  be  a  defence  of  the  Holy  Scriptures 
against  deists,  papists,  and  Presbyterians. 

Of  a  far  different  character,  however,  are  the  dogmas 
espoused  in  The  Dialogues  of  the  Hind  and  Panther,  1687, 
which  is  a  defence  of  his  newly-adopted  church  against 
the  Church  of  England.  We  need  have  no  doubts  of  the 
result  of  a  controversy  between  the  milk-white  Hind — the 
Church  of  Rome — and  the  Spotted  Panther — the  Church 
of  England.  Its  effect,  however,  was  rather  to  injure  than 
aid  the  cause  which  the  poet  had  so  much  at  heart : 

"  A  Mile  which  exhibits  two  beasts  talking  Theology,  appears  at 
once  full  of  absurdity ;  and  it  was  accordingly  ridiculed  in  the  City 
Mouse  and  Country  Mouse,  a  parody  written  by  Montague,  aft 
wards  Earl  of  Halifax,  and  Prior,  who  then  gave  the  first  specimen 
of  his  abilities."— DR.  JOHNSON. 

But  Mr.  Hallam  defends  the  poet's  rather  unusual  vehi 
cle  for  polemical  debate : 

"The  first  lines  in  the  Hind  and  Panther  are  justly  reputec 
among  the  most  musical  in  our  language;  and  perhaps  we  observe 
their  rhythm  the  better  because  it  does  not  gain  much  by  the  sense 
for  the  allegory  and  the  table  are  seen,  even  in  the  commencement 
to  be  awkwardly  blended.  Yet  notwithstanding  their  evident  in 
coherence,  which  sometimes  leads  to  the  verge  of  absurdity,  and 
the  facility  they  give  to  ridicule,  I  am  not  sure  that  Dryden  wa 
wrong  in  choosing  this  singular  fiction.  It  was  his  aim  to  bring 
forward  an  old  argument  in  as  novel  a  style  as  he  could ;  a  dialogue 
between  a  priest  and  a  parson  would  have  made  but  a  dull  poem 
even  if  it  had  contained  some  of  the  excellent  paragraphs  we  reac 
in  the  Hind  and  Panther.  It  is  the  grotesqueness  and  originality 
of  the  fable  that  gives  this  poem  its  peculiar  zest,  of  which  no 
reader,  I  conceive, is  insensible;  and  it  is  also  by  this  means  tha 
Dryden  has  contrived  to  relieve  his  reasoning  by  short  but  beau 
tiful  touches  of  description,  such  as  the  sudden  stream  of  ligh 
from  Heaven  which  announces  the  conception  of  James's  unfor 
tunate  heir,  near  the  end  of  the  second  book." — Introduc.  to  Lit 
History. 

In  1693  appeared  the  folio  which  contained  a  trans,  of 
Juvenal,  partly  by  Dryden,  and  of  Persius,  entirely  by 
Dryden. 

"  A  version  completely  surpassing  all  before  and  all  who  have 
succeeded  him."— SIR  WALTER  SCOTT. 

His  trans,  of  Virgil,  pub.  in  1697,  has  always  been  held 
in  the  highest  estimation  by  many  critics,  but  perhaps  an 
equally  erudite  verdict  could  be  produced  against  it  Dr. 
Felton  defends  him  against  the  critics : 

"  Those  who  excel  him,  where  they  observe  he  hath  failed,  will 
fell  below  him  in  a  thousand  instances  where  he  hath  excelled." 

Dissertation  on  Reading  the  Classicks,  1730,  p.  130.  And 
Pope  remarks  in  reference  to  Dryden's  translation  of  some 
parts  of  Homer : 

"  Had  he  translated  the  whole  work,  I  would  no  more  have  at 
tempted  Homer  after  him  than  Virgil ;  his  version  of  whom  (not 
withstanding  some  human  errors)  is  the  most  noble  and  spirited 
translation  I  know  in  any  language."— Preface  to  Pope's  trans,  of 
Homers  Iliad. 

Dr.  Trapp  (see  his  trans,  of  Virgil  into  blank  verse,  1735) 
and  Mr.  Hallam  may  be  cited  as  dissentients  from  such 
florid  panegyric. 

In  1700  appeared  his  Fables,  Ancient  and  Modern,  trans 
lated  into  verse,  and  modernized  from  Homer,  Ovid,  Boc- 
cace,  and  Chaucer.  These  are  probably  the  best-known  to 
the  present  generation  of  all  Dryden's  pieces.  Though 
not  without  faults  of  haste  and  carelessness,  the  merits  of 
this  collection  are  not  to  be  questioned.  In  addition  to 
the  larger  pieces,  there  are  a  number  of 

"  Short  original  poems,  which,  with  his  prologues,  epilogues,  and 
songs,  may  be  comprised  ip  Congreve's  remark,  that  even  those, 
if  he  had  written  nothing  else,  would  have  entitled  him  to  the 
praise  of  excellence  in  his  kind." — DR.  JOHNSON. 

The  most  celebrated  of  these  compositions  is  the  Ode  for 
St.  Cecilia's  Day,  commonly  known  by  the  name  of  Alex 
ander's  Feast 

"  The  ode  for  St.  Cecilia's  Day,  perhaps  the  last  effort  of  his  poetry, 
has  been  always  considered  as  exhibiting  the  highest  flightof  fancy, 


DRY 

rival.    If  indeed  there  is  any  excellence  beyond  it  in  some  other 

of  Dryden's  works,  that  excellence  must  be  found.     Compared  with 
;he  ode  on  Killigrew,  it  may  be  pronounced  perhaps  superior  on 
,he  whole,  but  without  any  single  part  equal  to  the  first  stanza  of 
he  other."— DR.  JOHNSON. 
Mr.  Hallam  considers  that  both  of  these  odes  have  been 

much  overrated: 

Dryden's  fame  as  a  lyric  poet  depends  a  very  little  on  his  Ode 

on  Mrs.  Killigrew's  death,  but  almost  entirely  on  that  for  St.  Ceci- 
ia's  Day,  commonly  called  Alexander's  Feast.  The  former,  which 
s  much  praised  by  Johnson,  has  a  few  fine  lines,  mingled  with  a 
ar  greater  number  ill  conceived  and  ill  expressed;  the  whole  com- 
wsition  has  that  spirit  which  Dryden  hardly  ever  wanted,  but  it 


The  latter  used  to  pass  for  the  best 

work  of  Dryden,  and  the  best  ode  in  the  language.  Many  would 
now  agree  with  me  that  it  is  neither  one  nor  the  other,  and  that  it 
was  rather  overrated  during  a  period  when  criticism  was  not  at  i\ 
tiigh  point.  Its  beauties  indeed  are  undeniable ;  it  has  the  raci- 
ness,  the  rapidity,  the  mastery  of  language  which  belong  to  Dry 
den;  the  transitions  are  animated,  the  contrasts  effective.  But 
few  lines  are  highly  poetical,  and  some  sink  to  the  level  of  a  com 
mon  drinking-song.  It  has  the  defects,  as  well  as  the  merits,  of 
that  poetry  which  is  written  for  musical  accompaniment." — Intro 
duc.  to  Lit.  Hist. 

If  there  be  a  doubt  whether  Dryden  can  claim  a  place 
in  the  first  class  of  poets,  there  can  be  no  question  of  his 
pre-eminence  as  a  writer  of  prose.  A  few  opinions  upon 
this  department  of  his  labours,  together  with  some  com 
ments  upon  his  general  characteristics  as  an  author,  must 
conclude  our  article. 

"  The  matchless  prose  of  Dryden,  rich,  various,  natural,  animated, 
pointed,  lending  itself  to  the  logical  and  the  narrative,  as  well  as 
the  narrative  and  picturesque;  never  balking,  never  cloying, 
never  wearying.  The  vigour,  freedom,  variety,  copiousness,  that 
speaks  an  exhaustless  fountain  from  its  source:  nothing  can  sur 
pass  Dryden." — LORD  BROUGHAM. 

The  great  Edmund  Burke  studied  the  prose  of  Dryden 
with  no  little  interest  and  profit.  His  principal  prose  com 
positions  are  his  Essay  on  Dramatic  Poetry,  and  his  ad 
mirable  Prefaces  and  Dedications. 

"  Dryden  may  be  properly  considered  as  the  father  of  English 
criticism,  as  the  writer  who  first  taught  us  to  determine  upon  prin 
ciples  the  merit  of  composition.  Of  our  former  poets,  the  greatest 
dramatist  wrote  without  rules,  conducted  through  life  and  nature 
by  a  genius  that  rarely  misled  and  rarely  deserted  him.  Of  the 
rest,  those  who  knew  the  laws  of  propriety  had  neglected  to  teach 
them." — DR.  JOHNSON. 

"  Dryden  as  a  critic  is  not  to  be  numbered  with  those  who  have 
sounded  the  depths  of  the  human  mind,  hardly  with  those  who 
analyze  the  language  and  sentiments  of  poets,  and  teach  others  to 
judge  by  showing  why  they  have  judged  themselves.  .  .  .  The  style 
of  Dryden  was  very  superior  to  any  that  England  had  seen.  He 
seems  to  have  formed  himself  on  Montaigne,  Balzac,  and  Voiture; 
but  so  ready  was  his  invention,  so  vigorous  his  judgment,  so  com 
plete  his  mastery  over  his  native  tongue,  that  in  point  of  style  ho 
must  be  reckoned  above  all  the  three.  He  had  the  ease  of  Mon 
taigne,  without  his  negligence  and  embarrassed  structure  of  pe 
riods  ;  he  had  the  dignity  of  Balzac,  with  more  varied  cadences, 
and  without  his  hyperbolical  tumour;  the  unexpected  turns  of 
Voiture,  without  his  affectation  and  air  of  effort."— HALLAM,  ubi 


and  the  exactest  nicety  of  art. 
W 


This  is  allowed  to  stand  without  a 


The  prose  of  Dryden  is  the  most  numerous  and  sweet,  the  most 
mellow  and  generous,  of  any  our  language  has  produced."— DR. 
WARTON  :  Essay  on  Pope. 

"  There  is  no  modern  writer  whose  style  is  more  distinguished. 
Energy  and  ease  are  its  chief  characters.  .  .  .  His  English  is  pure 
and  simple,  nervous  and  clear,  to  a  degree  which  Pope  has  never 
exceeded,  and  not  always  equalled." — Dr.  Seattle's  Essays. 

Pope's  admiration  of  Dryden  is  well  known.  He  de 
clared  that 

"  He  could  select  from  his  works  better  specimens  of  every  mode 
of  poetry  than  any  other  English  writer  could  supply. 

"  As  to  his  writings,  I  may  venture  to  say  in  general  terms,  that 
no  man  hath  written  in  our  language  so  much,  and  so  various 
matter,  and  in  so  various  manners,  so  well.  .  .  .  His  prose  had  all 
the  clearness  imaginable,  together  with  all  the  nobleness  of  ex 
pression,  all  the  graces  and  ornaments  proper  and  peculiar  to  it, 
without  deviating  into  the  language  or  diction  of  poetry.  I  have 
heard  him  frequently  own  with  pleasure,  that,  if  he  had  any  talent 
of  English  prose,  it  was  owing  to  his  having  often  read  the  writ 
ings  of  the  great  Archbishop  Tillotson.  His  versification  and  his 
numbers  he  could  learn  of  nobody:  for  he  first  possessed  thoso 
talents  in  perfection  in  our  tongue;  and  they  who  have  succeeded 
in  them  since  his  time  have  been  indebted  to  his  example;  and 
the  more  they  have  been  able  to  imitate  him,  the  better  they  have 
succeeded."— CONGREVE  :  Dedication  of  Dryden's  Dramatic  works  to 
the  Duke  of  Newcastle. 

"  I  cannot  pass  by  that  admirable  English  poet,  without  endea 
vouring  to  make  his  country  sensible  of  the  obligations  they  owe 
to  his  Muse.  Whether  they  consider  the  flowing  grace  of  his  ver 
sification,  the  vigorous  sallies  of  his  fancy,  or  the  peculiar  delicacy 
of  his  periods,  they  will  discover  excellencies  never  to  be  enough 
admired."— DR.  GARTH  :  Pref.  to  the  trans,  of  Ovid's  Metamorphoses. 
See  Biog.  Brit,  where  will  be  found  also  Hayley's  and 
Churchill's  tributes  to  Dryden,  and  many  other  panegyrics 
well  worth  perusal.  The  celebrated  controversy  between 
Miss  Seward  and  Mr.  Weston,  respecting  the  comparative 
merits  of  Dryden  and  Pope,  will  be  found  in  Gent.  Mag., 
1789,  '90.  The  opinions  of  two  distinguished  modern 
critics,  one  upon  the  merits  of  our  author  as  a  poet,  the 


DRY 

other  respecting  his  excellencies  as  a  writer  of  prose,  must 
conclude  our  citations : 

"  He  is  a  writer  of  manly  and  elastic  character.  His  strong  judg 
ment  gave  force  as  well  as  direction  to  a  flexible  fancy ;  and  his 
harmony  is  generally  the  echo  of  solid  thoughts.  But  he  was  not 
gifted  with  intense  or  lofty  sensibility ;  on  the  contrary,  the  grosser 
any  idea  is,  the  happier  he  seems  to  expatiate  upon  it.  The  trans 
ports  of  the  heart,  and  the  deep  and  varied  delineations  of  the 
passions,  are  strangers  to  his  poetry.  He  could  describe  character 
in  the  abstract,  but  could  not  embody  it  in  the  drama;  for  he  en 
tered  into  character  more  from  clear  perception  than  fervid  sym 
pathy.  This  great  His;h-Priest  of  all  the  Nine  was  not  a  confessor 
to  the  finer  secrets  of  the  human  breast.  Had  the  subject  of 
Eloisa  fallen  into  his  hands,  he  would  have  left  but  a  coarse  draught 
of  her  passion." — Campbell's  Essay  on  English  Poetry. 

"  The  prose  of  Dryden  may  rank  with  the  best  in  the  English 
language.  It  is  no  less  of  his  own  formation  than  his  versifica 
tion  ;  it  is  equally  spirited  and  equally  harmonious.  Without  the 
lengthened  and  pedantic  sentences  of  Clarendon,  it  is  dignified 
when  dignity  is  becoming,  and  is  lively  without  the  accumulation 
of  strained  and  absurd  allusions  and  metaphors,  which  were  un 
fortunately  mistaken  for  wit  by  many  of  the  author's  contempora 
ries." — SIR  WALTER  SCOTT. 

It  is  difficult  to  conclude  with  so  many  valuable  com 
ments  around  us  yet  lacking  a  place,  but  there  must  be  an 
end  to  all  articles.  The  reader  can  peruse  the  subject  at 
his  pleasure,  and,  to  aid  his  investigations,  we  recommend 
to  him  the  consultation  of  the  following  works,  in  addition 
to  the  many  cited  above.  The  biographies,  explanatory 
prefaces,  and  critical  annotations  to  be  found  in  many  of 
the  specified  editions  of  the  poet's  works,  will  prove  in 
valuable  auxiliaries  to  the  proper  understanding  of  his 
productions,  and  the  literary  and  political  history  of  the 
time: 

Miscellaneous  Works,  Lon.,  1702-09,  6  vols.  Svo;  1718, 
6  vols.  12mo.  Plays,  1725,  6  vols.  12mo.  Poems  and 
Translations,  1743,  2  vols.  12mo.  Miscellaneous  Works, 
with  Explanatory  Notes  and  Observations ;  also  an  account 
of  his  Life  and  Writings,  1760,  4  vols.  8vo:  edited  by 
Samuel  Derrick.  Critical  and  Miscellaneous  Prose  Works ; 
with  Notes  and  Illustrations,  an  Account  of  the  Life  and 
Writings  of  the  Author,  a  Collection  of  his  Writings ;  by 
Edmund  Malone,  1800,  4  vols.  8vo.  Works,  now  first  col 
lected,  with  Notes,  Historical,  Critical,  and  Explanatory, 
and  a  Life  of  the  Author,  by  Walter  Scott,  1808,  18  vols. 
r.  8vo ;  2d  edit,  1821, 18  vols.  Poetical  Works,  with  Notes 
by  Warton ;  edited  by  Mr.  Todd,  1812,  4  vols.  8vo.  Poems, 
with  Memoir  by  Rev.  John  Mitford,  1834,  5  vols.  12mo; 
and  Boston,  1854,  5  vols.  12mo,  Ac.  Poetical  Works,  con 
taining  original  Poems,  Tales,  and  Translations;  with 
Notes  by  the  Rev.  Joseph  Warton,  D.D.,  the  Rev.  John 
Warton,  and  others,  1851,  r.  Svo.  Poetical  Works,  with 
Life,  Critical  Dissertation,  and  Explanatory  Notes,  by  the 
Rev.  George  Gilfillan,  Edinburgh  and  New  York,  1855,  2 
vols.  r.  Svo.  Reviews  of  Dryden's  Works,  and  of  various 
editions:  Scott's  edition,  Edin.  Rev.,  xiii.  116;  Analect. 
Mag.,  ii.  148.  Works,  Edin.  Rev.,  (T.  B.  Macaulay,)  xlvii. 
1 ;  Blackw.  Mag.,  (John  Wilson,)  Ivii.  133,  503.  Dramatic 
Works,  Retrosp.  Rev.,  i.  113.  Poetical  Works,  Museum, 
xiii.  162.  Prose  Works,  Retrosp.  Rev.,  iv.  55.  Life  and 
Times  of  Dryden,  Eclec.  Rev.,  4th  s.,  xi.  47.  Dryden  on 
Chaucer,  (John  Wilson,)  Blackw.  Mag.,  Ivii.  617,  771.  Dry 
den  and  Pope,  Blackw.  Mag.,  ii.  679;  (John  Wilson,)  Ivii. 
369.  Dryden  and  his  Times,  Westm.  Rev.,  Ixiii.,  number 
for  April,  1855. 

Dryden,  John,  1668  P-1701,  second  son  of  the  pre 
ceding,  trans,  the  14th  satire  for  his  father's  Juvenal,  and 
wrote  a  Comedy,  for  which  his  father  wrote  a  preface,  en 
titled  The  Husband  his  own  Cuckold,  Lon.,  1696,  4to.  In 
1776  was  pub.,from  his  MS.,Voyage  to  Sicily  and  Malta,8vo. 

Dryden,  John,  Surgeon.     Med.  Com.,  1788. 

Drysdale,  John,  D.D.,  1718-1788,  a  native  of  Kirk- 
caldy,  minister  of  the  Tron  Church,  Edinburgh.  Serms., 
with  Life  by  A.  Dalzel,  Edin.,  1793,  2  vols.  Svo. 

"  The  style  is  everywhere  forcible  and  impressive,  and,  at  the 
same  time,  pure,  perspicuous,  and  elegantly  simple." — DR.  WM. 
MOODIE. 

"  He  possessed  a  most  uncommon  fertility  of  original  thought." 
— PROF.  DALZEL. 

Drysdale,  Win.     Popery  Dissected,  1799,  Svo. 

Dryswich,  Ambrose.  The  Setting  Sun;  a  Poem, 
Lon.,  1812,  Svo. 

Duane,  James,  d.  1797,  first  Mayor  of  N.  York  after 
its  recovery  from  the  British,  member  of  Congress  and 
Judge,  pub.  a  Law  Case.  See  Documentary  History  of  N. 
York. 

Dnane,  Matthew.  Coins  of  Macedonia.  The  Plates 
by  Bartolozzi,  4to.  Brockett,  1237,  £2  2s.  See  Lowndes's 
Bibl.  Man.,  ii.  614. 

Duane,  Wm.,  of  Philadelphia,  1760-1835,  a  native 
of  the  province  of  New  York.  1.  Mississippi  Question, 


DUC 

Phila.,  1803,  Svo.  2.  Military  Dictionary,  Phila.,  1810, 
8vo.  3.  An  Epitome  of  the  Arts  and  Sciences,  1811. 
4.  Visit  to  Colombia  in  1822,  '23,  Svo. 

Duane,  Wm.,  b.  1807,  at  Philadelphia.  1.  Passages 
from  the  Remembrancer  of  Christopher  Marshall,  contain 
ing  a  Revolutionary  Journal ;  edited  by  Wm.  Duane,Phila., 
1839, 12mo.  New  ed.,  enlarged,  entitled  Passages  from  the 
Diary  of  Christopher  Marshall,  1849.  2.  View  of  the  Re 
lation  of  Landlord  and  Tenant  in  Pennsylvania,  1844,  Svo. 

"  It  does  infinite  credit  to  the  author,  not  only  from  the  clear 
ness  of  its  style,  but  its  lucid  and  judicious  arrangement  of  the 
decisions  upon  the  subject." 

3.  A  View  of  the  Law  of  Roads,  Highways,  Bridges, 
and  Ferries  in  Pennsylvania,  1848, 12mo.  4.  Coffee,  Tea, 
and  Chocolate ,-  their  influence  upon  the  health,  the  intel 
lect,  and  the  Moral  Nature  of  Man;  translated  from  the 
French,  1846,  12mo. 

Duane,  Wm.  J.,  of  Phila.,b.  1780,  at  Clonmel,  Ireland. 
1.  The  Law  of  Nations  investigated  in  a  Popular  Manner, 
Phila.,  1809,  Svo.  2.  Letters  to  the  People  of  Penna.  on 
Internal  Improvements,  1811,  Svo.  3.  Narrative  and  Cor- 
resp.  cone,  the  Removal  of  the  Deposites,  1838,  Svo. 

Du  Barry,  Edmond  L.,  M.D.,  Surgeon  U.S.  Navy. 
The  United  States:  its  Power  and  Progress;  trans,  from 
the  French  of  Guillaume  Tell  Poussin,  Phila.,  Svo. 

Dubois,  Edward.  The  Wreath;  translations,  1799, 
Svo.  Old  Nick,  1802,  3  vols.  12mo.  Boccaccio's  Decame 
ron,  1S04,  2  vols.  Svo.  Francis's  Horace,  with  addit.  Notes, 
1807,  4  vols.  12mo.  My  Pocket-Book,  1807,  12mo. 

Dubois,  J.  A.  1.  The  Character,  Manners,  Customs, 
and  Institutions  of  the  People  of  India,  Lon.,  4to ;  Phila., 
2  vols.  8vo.  2.  Letters  on  Christianity  in  India,  Lon.,  Svo. 

Dubois,  P.  B.     Reflections,  Oxon.,  1721,  8vo. 

Dubois,  Peter.    Serms.,  1732,  '37,  Svo. 

Dubose,  Catherine  A.,  a  daughter  of  the  Rev.  Win. 
Richards,  is  a  native  of  England,  but  arrived  in  America 
whilst  yet  a  child.  In  1849  she  was  married  to  Mr.  Charles 
W.  Dubose,  a  lawyer  of  Georgia.  Within  the  last  year  or 
two  she  has  contributed  a  number  of  poetical  pieces  to  the 
Southern  Literary  Gazette,  edited  by  her  brother,  Mr.  Wm. 
C.  Richards,  of  Charleston,  South  Carolina.  Mrs.  Dubose 
is  also  a  sister  of  Mr.  Thomas  A.  Richards,  a  painter  and 
poet,  resident  in  New  York. 

Dubost.     Appeal  to  the  Public,  1810,  Svo. 

Dubost,  Chr.  Merchant's  Assist.,  Lon.,  1804,  Svo. 
Elements  of  Com.,  1808,  2  vols.  Svo.  Commer.  Arithmetic, 
Lon.,  12mo. 

"A  very  neat,  clear,  and  precise  treatise."— ion.  Month.  Review. 

Dubourdieu,  John.     Serms.,  Ac.,  1696-1724. 

Dubourdieu,  John.  Statistical  Survey  of  the  County 
of  Antrim,  Dubl.,  1812,  2  vols.  8vo. 

Dubue,  M.    Alcohol,  Phil.  Mag.,  1814. 

Ducarel,  Andrew  Coltee,  1713-1785,  an  eminent 
antiquary  and  civilian,  commissary  of  St.  Catherine's  and 
Canterbury,  pub.  a  number  of  topographical  and  antiqua 
rian  works,  a  list  of  which  will  be  found  in  Watt's  Bibl. 
Brit.,  and  notices  in  Nichols's  Literary  Anecdotes.  Two 
of  his  best-known  works  are :  Anglo-Gallic,  Norman,  and 
Aquitain  Coins,  Lon.,  1757, 4to.  A  new  edit,  has  been  long 
promised.  Anglo-Norman  Antiquities  considered  in  a  Tour 
through  Normandy,  1767,  fol. 

"  A  valuable  work  on  this  particular  subject."— Stevenson's  Voy 
ages  and  Travels. 

Ducarel,  P.  J.  Orig.  Poems  and  trans.,  1807,  cr.  Svo. 
De  Wyrhale,  Svo.  Paraphrase  of  the  Psalms,  Ac.,  Svo. 

Duchal,  James,  1697-1761,  an  Irish  Nonconformist 
divine,  settled  successively  at  Cambridge,  Antrim,  and 
Dublin.  Arguments  for  the  truth  of  the  Chris.  Relig.,  Ac., 
Lon.,  1753,  Svo. 

"  A  work  of  singular  merit."— KIPPIS. 

Serm.,  2d  ed.,  1765,  3  vols.  Svo. 

"  Our  author's  style  is  in  general  nervous  and  clear." — Lon.  Criti 
cal  Review. 

Duche',  Jacob,  D.D.,  d.  179S,  aged  about  60,  Rector 
of  Christ's  Church  and  St.  Peter's,  Philadelphia,  was  a  na 
tive  of  that  city.  His  pulpit  oratory  was  greatly  admired. 
Serm.,  1775,  Svo.  Caspipina's  Letters,  Phila.,  1774, 12mo  ; 
Bath,  England,  1777,  2  vols.  Svo.  See  Rich's  Bibl.  Amer. 
Nova,  1774,  '77.  Letter  to  Gen.  Washington  on  the  Decla 
ration  of  Independence,  Bath,  1777,  4to.  Discourses  on 
various  Subjects,  Lon.,  1779,  2  vols.  Svo;  1790.  Three 
edits.  Serm.,  1781,  Svo. 

"  His  discourses  have  great  warmth  and  spirit;  and  at  times  are 
in  the  strain  of  our  old  divines." — Lon.  Monthly  Review. 

Duck,  Arthur,  1580-1649,  an  eminent  English  civi 
lian,  Chancellor  of  London,  and  Master  of  the  Requests. 
Vita  Henrici  Chichele,  Ac.,  Oxon.,  1617,  4to.  In  English, 
and  added  to  Bates's  Lives,  Lon.,  1681,  4to;  and  again 


DUG 


DUF 


pub.,  1699,  8vo.  I)e  Usu  et  Auctoritate  Juris  Civilis  Ro- 
manorum  in  dominiis  principum  Christianorum,  Lon.,  1653, 
'79,  8vo ;  several  edits,  at  home  and  abroad ;  added  to  De 
Ferriere's  Hist  of  the  Civil  Law,  Lon.,  1724,  8vo.  In 
this  work  Duck  had  the  assistance  of  the  learned  Dr.  Ge 
rard  Langbaine. 

Duck,  Stephen,  who  drowned  himself  in  the  Thames 
in  a  fit  of  insanity,  was  originally  a  thresher,  but  became 
a  clergyman  of  the  Church  of  England.  He  wrote  a  good 
deal  of  poetry,  which  is  only  remarkable  from  the  humble 
condition  and  limited  opportunities  of  the  author.  The 
reader  will  find  his  biography  in  Southey's  Lives  of  Un 
educated  Poets.  Poems,  Lon.,  1730,  8vo;  1736, 4to;  1738, 
8vo.  Truth  and  Falsehood,  a  Fable,  1734,  fol.  Alrick 
and  Isabel,  a  Poem,  1740,  fol.  Caesar  Camp,  a  Poem,  1755, 
4to.  Poems,  with  Memoirs  of  his  Life  by  Spence,1794,12mo. 
Swift  indulges  in  some  humour  at  the  expense  of  Duck's 
poetical  pretensions. 

Duckett,  Sir  George.  Trans,  of  Michaelis's  Burial 
and  Resurrection  of  Jesus  Christ,  Lon.,  1827, 12mo.  Mi- 
chaelis  shows  that  the  testimony  of  the  evangelists  is  suffi 
cient  to  place  the  resurrection  of  Christ  beyond  the  reach 
of  doubt  See  a  review  in  British  Critic  and  Theolog. 
Rev.,  v.  531. 

Duckett,  Thomas.  Proceedings  concerning  the  im 
provement  of  all  manner  of  Land,  <fcc.,  1659. 

Ducy,  Sir  Simon.  Speech  against  the  12  Bishops 
accused  of  High  Treason,  Lon.,  1642,  4to. 

Duddell,  Benj.   Treatises  on  the  Eye,  Lon.,  1729-36. 
Dudgeon,  G.     Overseers  of  the  Poor,  Lon.,  1838,  8vo. 
Dudgeon,  Wm.     Unity  of  God,  Ac.,  1737,  8vo. 
Dudley.     See  NORTH. 

Dudley,  Dean,  b.  1823,  in  Kingfield,  Maine,  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Boston  Bar.  1.  The  Dudley  Genealogies,  Bost, 
1848,  8vo.  2.  Pictures  of  Life  in  England  and  America, 
1851,  8vo. 

Dudley,  Earl.  Letters  to  the  Bishop  of  Llandaff,  2d 
ed.,  Lon.,  1840,  8vo. 

"  A  most  interesting  volume." — Lon.  Lit.  Gazette. 
Dudley,  C.  W.     Reports  Cases  Ct  Appeals  S.  Caro 
lina,  1837,  '38,  Columbia,  1838,  8voj  ditto,  Cases  at  Law, 
1837,  '38,  Columbia,  1838,  8vo. 

Dudley,  Dud.     Metallum  Martis,  Lon.,  1665,  12mo. 
Dudley,  Edmund,  1462-1510,  executed  for  high  trea 
son,  wrote  a  book,  still  in  MS.,  entitled  The  Tree  of  the 
Commonwealth. 

Dudley,  F.     Amoroso,  a  Novel,  1810. 
Dudley,  G.  M.     Reports  Cts.  Law  and  Chancery  of 
Georgia,  N.  York,  1837,  8yo. 

Dudley,  Sir  Gamaliel.  Letter  to  Prince  Rupert, 
Oxon.,  1644,  8vo. 

Dudley,  Howard.  Hist  and  Antiq.  of  Horsham, 
1836,  sm.  8vo.  Composed,  printed,  and  the  Illustrations 
engraved  and  lithographed  from  original  Sketches  by  a 
youth  under  sixteen. 

Dudley,  Rev.  Sir  Henry  Bate,  1745-1824,  Bart, 
LL.D.,  Prebendary  of  Ely,  was  distinguished  as  a  political, 
literary,  and  convivial  character,  and  still  more  as  a  most 
energetic  magistrate.  He  established  several  influential 
journals,  and  wrote  eight  dramatic  pieces,  for  a  list  of  which 
see  Biog.  Dramat  The  Rival  Candidates,  a  Comic  Opera, 
was  pub.  in  1775,  8vo,  and  The  Travellers  in  Switzerland, 
also  a  Comic  Opera,  in  1793,  8vo;  and  again  in  1794,  8vo. 
Sir  Henry  also  wrote  some  tracts  on  political  economy. 
See  a  biographical  notice  of  this  gentleman  in  the  Gent. 
Mag.,  vol.  xciv.,  pt  2,  273,  638. 
Dudley,  Lady  Jane.  See  GREY. 
Dudley,  John,  Duke  of  Northumberland,  &c.,  1502- 
1553,  father-in-law  of  the  preceding,  and  also  executed  for 
high  treason.  Sayings  vpon  the  Scaffolde,  Lon.,  1553,  8vo 
and  ».  a. 

Dudley,  John,  Archdeacon  of  Bedford.  Sermon  on 
Phil.  iii.  16,  1729,  8vo;  two  do.  on  the  Privileges  of  the 
Clergy,  1731,  8vo. 

Dudley,  John.  Serm.,  Lon.,  1807,  4to.  Metamor 
phosis  of  Sona;  a  Hindoo  Tale,  1811,  8vo. 

Dudley,  John.  Identity  of  the  Niger  and  the  Nile,1821 
Dudley,  Rev.  John.      Naology;  or  a  Treatise  on 
Sacred  Structures,  Lon.,  1846,  8vo.     The  Anti-Materialist 
denying  the  Reality  of  Matter,  1849,  8vo. 

Dudley,  Joshua.     His  Memoirs,  Lon.,  1772,  8vo. 
Dudley,  Sir  Matthew.     On  Insects  in  the  Bark  of 
decaying  Elms  and  Ashes,  Phil.  Trans.,  1705 

Dudley,  Paul,  1675-1751,  Chief  Justice  of  Massa 

chusetts,  pub.  12  treatises  on  Nat  Hist,  Ac.  in  Phil.  Trans. 

1 720-35,  and  a  theolog.  essay  against  the  Church  of  Rome 

Dudley,  Robert,  1532F-1588,  Earl  of  Leicester,  son 


o  John,  Duke  of  Northumberland,  and  a  favourite  of 
Queen  Elizabeth.  Speeches;  preserved  in  the  Cabala, 
~trype's  Annals,  and  Peck's  Desiderata  Curiosa.  Lawes 
nd  Ordinances,  Lon.,  4to.  See  Secret  Memoirs  of  the 
}arl  of  Leicester,  1706,  8vo;  His  Life,  1727,  8vo;  Secret 
Memoirs  of  Queen  Elizabeth,  1706,  8vo. 

Dudley,  Sir  Robert,  1573-1639,  son  of  the  preced- 

ng,  by  the  Lady  Douglas  Sheffield,  lived  in  great  magni- 

icence  at  his  castle  in  Florence,  where  he  ended  his  days. 

foyage  to  the  Isle  of  Trinidad ;  see  Hakluy t's  Voyages,  p. 

'74,1598.     Catholicon.     A  Proposition ;  see  Rushworth's 

Collections.     Del  1'Arcano  del  Mere,  1636,  '46,  fol.  j  1661. 

Dudley,  Sir  Wm.     His  Case,  fol. 

Duer,  John,  LL.D.,  1782-1858,  an  eminent  jurist,  a 

native  of  Albany,  N.Y.    His  publications  are  :  1.  A  Lecture 

m  the  Law  of  Representations  in  Marine  Insurances,  with 

^fotes  and  Illustrations,  N.  York,  1844,  pp.  256.     Mr.  Ar- 

lould  praises  this  work  as  "  vigorous,  learned,  and  original." 

Arnould  on  Mar.  Ins.,  Lon.,  1848,  vol.  i.  489,  note.) 

2.  The  Law  and  Practice  of  Marine  Insurance  deduced 
rom  a  critical  examination  of  adjudged  cases,  the  nature 

and  analogies  of  the  subject,  and  the  general  usage  of 
ommercial  nations,  vol.  i.,  pp.  775,  N.  York,  1845 ;  vol.  ii., 
>p.  808,  N.  York,  1846,  8vo.  A  full  review  and  critical 
malysis  of  this  elaborate  work,  from  the  pen  of  Professor 
tfoore  of  the  University  of  Edinburgh,  will  be  found  in  the 
Jondon  Magazine  and  Quarterly  Review  of  Jurisprudence, 
or  November,  1848.  The  writer  says  : 

"  We  are  confident  that  this  work  of  Dr.  Duer  on  the  important 
contract  of  Marine  Insurance  will  not  suffer  by  a  comparison  with 
the  writings  of  any  other  jurist.  It  is,  so  far  as  it  has  gone,  the 
most  complete  and  able  treatise  on  the  subject  which  has  ever  ap 
peared  in  our  language." 

3.  A  Discourse  on  the  Life,  Character,  and  Public  Ser- 
ices  of  James  Kent,  late  Chancellor  of  the  State  of  New 

York,  delivered  by  request  before  the  Judiciary  and  Bar  of 
the  City  and  State  of  N.  York,  April  12,  1848 :  N.  York, 
D.  Appleton  &  Co.,  1848. 
"A  most  able  and  interesting  eulogy."— W.  C.  BRYANT. 

4.  Reports  of  Cases  argued  and  determined  in  the  Supe 
rior  Court  of  the  City  of  N.  York ;  vol.  v.     Mr.  Duer  was 
one  of  the  revisers  of  the  laws  of  New  York ;  and  in  con 
junction  with  his  colleagues,  the  Hon.  Benjamin  F.  Butler 
and  the  Hon.  John  C.  Spencer,  has  published  three  editions 
of  the  Revised  Statutes  of  that  State.     He  was  Chief-Jus 
tice  of  the  Superior  Court  of  the  city  of  New  York,  and 
official  reporter  of  its  decisions,  at  the  time  of  his  death. 

Duer,  William  Alexander,  1780-1858,  brother  of 
the  preceding.  Their  father  was  Col.  Wm.  Duer,  a  pro 
minent  delegate  to  the  Continental  Congress,  and  their 
mother  was  a  daughter  of  Lord  Stirling,  of  the  Revolution. 
Both  brothers  occupied  a  high  position  in  their  native 
State.  They  died  within  a  few  weeks  of  each  other.  He 
was  the  author  of  two  pamphlets  addressed  to  Cadwallader 
D.  Golden  on  the  Steamboat  Controversy. 

Dufay.  Oil  of  Olives  as  a  Cure  for  the  Bite  of  Vipers : 
Phil.  Trans.,  1738. 

Duff,  A.  Feudal  Rights,  Edin.,  1838,  8vo.  Deeds, 
chiefly  affecting  Movables,  1840,  8vo.  Comment  on  Re 
cent  Stat.  in  Conveyancing,  1847,  8vo. 

Duff,  Alexander,  D.D.,  b.  1808,  Perthshire,  Scot 
land,  of  the  Free  Church  of  Scotland  Mission,  Calcutta, 
Missions  the  Chief  End  of  the  Christian  Church,  Edin., 
1839,  18mo.  On  India  and  India  Missions,  1839,  8vo. 

"India  and  India  Missions  will  doubtless  take  a  high  place  in 
the  Christian  literature  not  merely  of  the  day  but  of  the  age,  and 
greatly  extend  the  missionary  spirit  and  zeal  of  the  country.  — 
Guardian.  See  also  Presbyterian  Review. 

The  Jesuits  :  their  Origin,  <fec.  j  2d  ed.,  1845,  8vo'.  Mis 
sionary  Addresses,  1850,  fp.  8vo.  Addresses  at  the  Assem. 
of  the  Free  Church,  1851,  fp.  8vo.  Other  works  on  Missions. 
The  Indian  Rebellion  :  its  Causes  and  Results,  1858,  8vo. 

Duff,  James  Grant.  A  Hist  of  the  Mahrattas,  Lon., 
1826,  3  vols.  8vo. 

"  Besides  the  records  of  the  Mahratta  Governments  of  Poona 
and  Satara,  and  those  of  the  English  East  India  Company,  the 
authorities  for  this  work  are  from  a  great  variety  of  authentic- 
sources,  hitherto  inaccessible  to  the  public." 

Duff,  P.  North  American  Accountant,  N.  York,  8vo. 
A  comprehensive  and  valuable  work. 

Duff,  Rev.  W.  Original  Genius,  1767,  8vo.  Criti 
cisms  on  Poetry,  1770,  8vo.  History  of  Rhedi.  Letters, 
1807,  8vo. 

Duff,  Wm.  His  Case,  1739,  8vo.  Hist,  of  Scotland 
from  Robert  Bruce  to  James  VI.,  Lon.,  1750,  fol. 

Dufferin,  Lady,  granddaughter  of  Richard  Brinsley 
Sheridan,  and  sister  of  the  Hon.  Mrs.  Norton,  has  written 
many  popular  songs  and  ballads,  of  which  the  Irish  Emi 
grant's  Lament  is  the  best  known. 


DUF 

Dufferin,  Lord.  Letters  from  High  Latitudes :  being  ' 
some  account  of  a  Yacht- Voyage  to  Iceland,  Jan  Mayen,  j 
and  Spitzbergen  in  1856,  Lon.,  cr.  8vo.  Highly  commended.  ; 

Duffett,  Thomas.  New  Poems,  Songs,  Prologues, 
and  Epilogues,  Lon.,  1 676,  8vo.  See  a  list  of  his  plays  in 
Biog.  Dramat.  He  ridiculed  Dryden,  Shadwell,  and  Settle. 

"  A  vein  of  scurrility  and  personal  ill-nature  is  apparent." 

Duffie,  C.  R.  Serins,  for  Children,  N.  York,  18mo.  | 
Serms.,  2  vols.  8vo. 

Duifield,  George,  1732-1790,  a  Presbyterian  minister 
of  Philadelphia.  Tour  with  Mr.  Beatty  along  the  frontiers 


DUG 

was  solemnly  created  Garter  principal  king-at-arms.  The 
next  day,  much  against  his  will,  the  king  conferred  upon 
him  the  honour  of  knighthood.  To  this  step  Charles  II. 
was  no  doubt  incited  by  gratitude,  as  much  as  by  the  ex 
traordinary  merits  of  the  antiquary,  for  Dugdale  had  been 
one  of  the  most  devoted  adherents  of  Charles  I.  We  pro 
ceed  to  notice  his  principal  works:  1.  Monasticon  Angli- 
canum,  Londini,  1655,  '61,  '73,  3  vols.  fol.  Vols.  i.  and  ii. 
were  collected  and  written  by  Roger  Dodsworth,  but  ar 
ranged,  supplied  with  indexes,  and  corrected  through  the 
press,  by  Dugdale.  Dodsworth  died  before  the  tenth  part 


lenarianism   Defended,   16mo.      Fugitive   Discourses   on 


of  Episcopal     edit.,  abridged,  in  English,  was  pub.  in  1718,  fol.,  and  two 
nrinn  nnd  Pprnphiitv  of  I  additional  vols.,  entitled  The  History  of  the  Ancient  Ab- 
9**Pf.  °\     beyg>  Monasteries,  Hospitals,  Cathedrals,  and  Collegiate 
Churches,  were  pub.  in  1722,  '23,  fol.,  by  Capt.  John  Ste 
vens.     Mr.  Peck  announced  a  fourth  vol.  as  nearly  ready 
in  1735,  (never  pub.,)  and  left  some  MS.  vols.  in  4to,  now 
in  the  British  Museum.     See  Nichols's  Literary  Anecdotes, 
and  Ayscough's  Catalogue,  vol.  i.,  p.  55-67.     A  new  edit, 
of  the  Monasticon,  considerably  enlarged  and  improved 
by  John  Caley,  Henry  Ellis,  and  the  Rev.  B.  Bandinel,D.D., 


Bishops  Examined, 

the  Christian  Sabbath,  16mo.     Contributor  to  the  Biblical 

Repository,  Presbyterian  Mag.,  Ac. 

Duifield,  John.  Singular  conduct  of  Sir  W.  Lewes, 
8vo. 

Dufief,  N.  G.  Nature  Displayed  in  teaching  French, 
19th  ed.,  Lon.,  1841,  2  vols.  p.  8vo;  21st  ed.,  Phila,,  2  vols. 
8vo;  Spanish,  1826,  2  vols.  8vo. 

"The  greatest  merit  of  Mr.  Dufief s  system  is,  in our  °P™on> its  j  w"ag       b>  in  54  parts",  1817-30,  at  £141  Us.',  on  imp.  fol., 
being  so  perfectly  adapted  to_English  people.  -Lon.  *%*?^_      large  paper,  proofs,  £283  10*.     Re-issue,  1846,  8  vols.  fol., 

£31  10s. ;  in  1849  at  20«.  pr.  part.  Pub.  as  Coney's  Archi 
tecture  of  the  Middle  Ages,  in  parts,  containing  12  plates, 
at  one  guinea  each.  The  new  edit.,  1817-30,  (again,  1846, 
•fee.)  of  the  Monasticon,  contains  241  views  of  ecclesiasti 
cal  edifices — Monasteries,  Abbeys,  Priories,  Ac. — engraved 
by  Coney  after  the  originals  by  Hollar  and  King. 

"Cette  edit,  renferme  toute  la  substance  de  la  continuation  de 
Stevens,  d'autres  augmentations  et  les  notes '  des  editeurs ;  en 
outre,  beaucoup  de  nouvelles  figures  sont  ajoutSes  aux  anciennes, 
que  Ton  a  copiees  avec  exactitude.  Tels  sont  les  avantages  qui  la 
font  preferer  aux  premieres  edit."  —  BRUNET  :  Manuel,  &c. 

"This  NEW  EDITION  is  the  only  one  which  can  be  hereafter  con 
sulted  for  information,  or  quoted  for  authority,  on  subjects  con 
nected  with  Church  History  and  Ecclesiastical  Property.  .  .  It  may 
be  honestly  avowed  that  the  annals  of  the  Press,  in  no  country 

The  Mission  of  Intellect,  a  Poem,  delivered  j  throughout  Europe,  can  boast  of  a  nobler  performance;  whether 
i   20    1852      The  Gospel  of  La-  '  on  the  score  of  accuracy  and  fulnessof  intelligence,  orof  splendour 
of  paper,  type,  and  graphic  embellishments."— •JXbdiri's  Library 
Companion. 
To  give  some  idea  of  the  vast  expense  of  the  new  edit., 


Pronouncing  Fr.  and  Eng.  Diet.,  new  ed.,  1847,  p.  8vo. 

Dufour,  Alex.     Letter  resp.  the  Naval  Pillar,  1799. 

Dufour,  W.  Diseases  of  the  Urinary  Passages,  <fcc., 
Lon.,  1794,  1801,  '08,  8vo.  Cure  of  Rupture,  8vo. 

Dufton,  Wm.  Deafness  and  Diseases  of  the  Ear, 
Lon.,  1844.  12mo.  Amer.  ed.,  Phila.,  1848,  12mo. 

Duganne,  Augustine  J.  H.,born  1823,  in  the  city 
of  Boston,  is  the  author  of  many  contributions  to  our  na 
tional  literature,  both  in  verse  and  prose. 

"  Of  the  former  he  has  pub. :  Home  Poems,  Ticknor,  Bos 
ton,  1844,  18mo.  The  Iron  Harp,  Philada.,  1847,  18mo. 
The  Lydian  Queen,  a  Tragedy,  produced  at  the  Walnut  St. 
Theatre,  Phila.,  1848.  MDCCCXLVIIL,  or  the  Year  of  the 
People,  1849.  Parnassus  in  Pillory,  a  Satire,Adriance  &  Co, 
N.York,  1851.  ' 


i,  delivered  before  Mercantile  Library,  N.  York, 
1853.  The  True  Republic;  delivered  in  N.  York,  1854, 
Poetical  Works,  Phila.,  1856,  8vo;  illustrated;  the  first 


complete  collection  of  his  poems.    Prose-Writings  :  a  series 

' 


we  need  only  mention  that  the  cost  of  drawing  and  en 
graving  the  plates  was  six  THOUSAND  GUINEAS  ! 


of  critiques  on  contemporary  authors,  published  in  Sartain'a    "  Qf  t£e  vafue  of  this  great  wor]c  it  would  be  difficult  to 

Magazine  under  the  title  of    'Revised  Leaves:'    several  k  in  terms  of  exaggeration: 

Dramas,  twenty  or  thirty  Novelettes    and  Romances,  and  j      «  Next  to  Doomsday  Book,  it  is  the  most  ancient  and  ample  re- 

a  large  number  of  papers  upon  a  variety  of  subjects,  under    cord  of  the  history  and  descent  of  the  greatest  portion  of  the  landed 

various  noms  deplume,  in  the  different  magazines  and  jour-  J  property  of  this  c^untrjs  and  has-been  admitted  as  evidence  in^a 

nals  of  the  day."     We  subjoin  a  criticism  from  the  pen  of 

Wm.  H.  Burleigh : 

"  Mr.  Duganne's  lyrical  powers  are  characterized  by  a  nervous 
energy,  a  generous  sympathy  with  humanity,  a  wonderful  com 
mand  of  language,  and  an  ardent  hatred  of  wrong  and  oppression 
in  all  their  forms.  These  poems  we  have  read  with  a  keen  delight 
and  a  growing  admiration  of  their  author's  genius.  They  have  a 
distinct  character  of  their  own — and  are  evidently  the  strong,  un 
restrained,  and  indignant  utterances  of  a  bold  spirit,  deeply  pene 
trated  with  a  love  for  its  kind,  and  intolerant  of  all  despotisms." 

Dugard,  Samuel.     Theolog.  treatises,  1673,  '87. 

Dugard,  Thomas.     Death  and  the  Grave,  164$. 

Dugard,  Wm.,  1605-1662,  an  eminent  schoolmaster, 
pub.  a  Greek  Lexicon  and  other  educational  works,  1660,  Ac. 

Dugdale,  Gilbert.  The  Time  Triumphant,  or  the 
Arrival  of  King  James  into  England,  Lon.,  1604,  4to. 

Dugdale,  Sir  John,  son  of  Sir  William  Dugdale.  A 
Catalogue  of  the  Nobility  of  England  according  to  Prece 
dencies,  Lon.,  1685,  a  single  folio  sheet;  reprinted  with 
addits.  in  1690. 

Dugdale,  Richard.  Wicked  Plots  carried  on  by 
Seignior  Genelamon,  1679,  Ac. 

Dugdale,  Stephen.  His  Information  at  the  Bar  of 
Commons,  1680,  fol. 

Dugdale,  Sir  William,  1605-1686,  one  of  the  most 
distinguished  of  the  many  learned  antiquaries  of  whom 
England  can  boast,  was  a  native  of  Shustoke,  near  Coles- 
hill,  Warwickshire.  He  was  educated  at  the  free-school 
of  Coventry,  and  afterwards  instructed  in  civil  law  and 
history  by  his  father.  In  1638  he  settled  in  London,  and 
formed  an  acquaintance  with  several  noted  antiquaries, 
whose  influence  promoted  his  taste  for  the  departments 
of  learning  in  which  they  delighted.  By  the  aid  of  Sir 
Henry  Spelman  he  was  created  a  pursuivant-at-arms  ex 
traordinary,  by  the  name  of  Blanch  Lyon;  in  1640  was 
made  Rouge-Croix-pursuivant  in  ordinary,  and  in  1677 


rian  and  historical  character,  but  one  which  has  a  more  solid  claim 
to  THEIR  NOTICE.  By  its  means  they  are  frequently  enabled  to  set 
tle,  without  employing  the  costly  machinery  of  the  law,  disputed 
questions  respecting  the  property  of  the  Church;  and  a  reference 
to  a  very  copious  index  added  by  the  Editors  to  the  Work,  will 
show  at  once  that  there  is  scarcely  a  single  parish  which  is  not 
mentioned  in  its  pages. 

"The  Clergy,  the  Lawyer,  the  Antiquary,  the  Historian,  the 
Architect,  and  Topographer,  as  well  as  the  possessor  of  real  pro 
perty,  will  find  the  MONASTICON  ANOLICANUM  one  of  the  most  inte 
resting  and  indispensable  works  that  has  ever  issued  from  the  press 
of  this  country." 

The  reader  will  find  some  valuable  remarks  on  this  work, 
and  many  interesting  particulars  respecting  the  author,  in 
The  Life,  Diary,  and  Correspondence  of  Dugdale,  by  Wm. 
Hamper,  1827,  r.  4to. 

2.  The  Antiquities  of  Warwickshire,  1656,  fol.  This 
work  was  the  result  of  twenty  years'  indefatigable  research. 

"It  must  stand  at  the  head  of  all  our  county  histories." — GOUGU. 

"  There  are  works  which  scrupulous  accuracy,  united  with  stub 
born  integrity,  has  elevated  to  the  rank  of  legal  evidences ;  such 
is  Dugdale's  Warwickshire." — DR.  WHITAKER. 

Second  edit.,  revised,  augmented,  and  continued  by  Wm. 
Thomas,  D.D.,  1730,  2  vols.  fol. 

Mr.  Gough  charges  Dr.  Thomas  with  being  careless  in 
his  authorities,  and  giving  himself  very  little  pains  to  ob 
tain  information.  The  Antiquities  of  Warwickshire  Hlus- 
trated,  Coventry,  1765,  fol.  This  wretched  affair  was  pub. 
by  a  bookseller,  who  could  not  be  punished  by  banishment 
to  Coventry,  as  he  already  graced  that  famous  locality. 
3.  The  History  of  St.  Paul's  Cathedral  in  London,  from  its 
first  foundation,  Lon.,  1658,  fol. ;  2d  edit.,  corrected  by  the 
author's  own  hand,  with  autobiog.  details,  by  Edward  May- 
nard,  D.D.,  1716,  fol.  New  edit,  with  a  continuation  and 
addit.  matter,  and  some  new  plates,  by  Sir  Henry  Ellis, 
1818,  fol.  This  edit,  is  printed  in  double  columns,  and  the 


DUG 


DUN 


Mississippi   River; 
celebrated  Indian 


plates,  principally  by  W.  Finden,  are  faithful  copies  from  |  Dugne,  Charles  Oscar,  b.  1821,  in  New  Orleans  ; 
the  original  The  addit,  plates  are  illustrations  of  the  '  educated  in  Pans.  1  Essais  Poetiques  with  a  Preface 
present  cathedral.  4.  The  History  of  Imbanking  and  by  A.  Rouquette  of  Louisiana  In  1850  he  pub.  two 
Drayning  of  divers  Ferns  and  Marshes,  1662,  fol.  This  dramatic  works,  Mil*  or  The  Death  of  La  Salle  on  the 
valuable  work  was  published  !  discoveries  of  the  mouth  of  the 

"  At  the  instance  of  the  Lord  Gorges  and  others,  who  were  the     a,nd  Mmgo,  or    The    Dying    Swan, 
principal  adventurers  in  that  costly  and  laudable  undertaking  lor     Chief, 
draining  the  great  level  extending  into  a  considerable  part  ot  the         DuhiffC,  Bart.     King's   Inn   Remembrancer,  Dubl. 
countiel  of  Cambridge,  Huntingdon,  Northampton,  Norfolk,  and  , 
Suffolk."— WOOD. 

Second  edit,  revised  and  corrected,  with  three  indexes,  j 
by  Charles  Nalson  Cole,  1772,  fol.    5.  Origines  Juridiciales ; 
or  Hist.  Memoirs  of  the  English  Laws,  Courts  of  Justice,  ; 
Forms  of  Trial,  Ac.,  1666,  fol.;  2d  edit,  with  addits.  in 
the  Savoy,  Lon.,  1671,  fol.  j  3d  edit.,  with  addits.,  Lon.,  ; 

1  "  OurVrst  inquiries  after  the  History  of  the  Laws  of  this  king-  ! 
dom  ou"ht  to  begin  with  the  careful  reading  of  Sir  William  Dug- 
dale's  Origines  Juridiciales;  which  we  shall  find  so  accurately 
penned  and  with  so  good  a  mixture  of  learning  and  judgment, 
that  'twill  almost  do  the  work  alone.  I  cannot  give  a  better  view 
of  this  most  elaborate  treatise,  than  by  telling  the  reader  that  it 
fully  answers  its  title-page.''— BISHOP  NICOLSON:  Eng.  Hist.  Lib. 

6.  Chronica  Juridicialia,  1658, 8vo.     A  good  abridgment 
of  the  above.     The  compiler  vr us  faithful,  in  one  sense  at 
least,  for  he  transfers  Sir  William's  materials  by  wholesale 
to  his  own  pages,  at  which  unblushing  piracy  old  Anthony 
Wood  waxes  wroth  :  "  Published,"  says  he,  "by  some  down 
right  plagiary,  purposely  to  get  a  little  money." 

7.  The  Baronage  of  England,  1675,  '76,  3  vols.  in  2,  fol. 
"  A  work  abounding  in  the  most  valuable  information."— KEV. 

J.  HUNTER:  Hist,  of  HMamshire. 

"  A  work  which  will  exist  to  the  latest  age,  as  a  monument  of  its 
author's  historical  knowledge  and  antiquarian  learning." 

"  The  Baronage  is  distinguished  by  the  most  laborious  research 
and  extraordinary  accuracy,  and  confers  honour  upon  its  author." 
—SiR  N.  HARRIS  NICOLAS. 

8.  Short  View  of  the  late  Troubles  in  England,  Oxf.,  1681, 
fol.     9.  The  Antient  Usage  in  bearing  of  Arms,  Oxf.,  1682, 
12mo;  1683,  '85,  '90.     New  edit,  with  addits.  by  T.  C. 
Banks,  1811,  fol.     10.  A  Perfect  Copy  of  all  Summons  of 
the  Nobility  to  the  Great  Councils  and  Parliaments  of  this 
Realme,  Lon.,  1685,  fol.     Sir  William  also  pub.  a  second 
vol.  of  Sir  Henry  Spelrnau's  Councils  in  1664;  John  Sel- 
den's  Discourse  concerning  the  office  of  Lord  Chancellor 
of  England  in  1672,  fol.;  and  wrote  part  of  the  folio  pub. 
in  1716,  fol.,  giving  an  account  of  a  number  of  Cathedral 
and  Collegiate  Churches.     He  was  the  chief  promoter  of 
Soinner's  Saxon  Dictionary,  Oxon.,  1659,  fol.     We  have 
already  referred  the  reader  to  Hamper's  Life  of  Sir  William 
Dugdale :  we  also  notice  a  life  of  him  in  the  Heraldic  Mis 
cellanies,  pub.  by  the  Rev.  James  Dallaway ;  another  Life 
from  an  original  MS.,  1713,  8vo,  and  letters  between  Dug 
dale  and  Sir  Thomas  Browne  in  the  posthumous  works  of 
the  latter,  1712,  8vo.     We  may  appropriately  conclude  our 
notice  of  this  great  man  with  the  fervid  eulogy  of  a  Her 
cules  in  the  same  field  of  research : 

"  What  Dugdale  hath  done  is  prodigious.  His  memory  ought 
to  be  venerated  and  had  in  everlasting  remembrance." — ANTHONY 
WOOD. 

As  an  illustration  of  the  term  "prodigious,"  we  may  re 
mark  that  Sir  William  left  27  folio  MS.  vols.,  written  by 
his  own  hand,  to  the  University  of  Oxford;  and  these  con 
tain  the  collections  for  only  two  of  his  works,  viz. :  The 
Antiquities  of  Warwickshire,  and  the  Baronage  of  Eng 
land.  Of  16  other  MS.  vols.,  part  of  his  legacy,  some  were 
also  in  his  own  handwriting.  These  monuments  of  indus 
try,  learning,  and  research  are  now  in  the  Bodleian  Li 
brary,  the  Heralds'  College,  and  the  Ashmolean  Museum. 
Sir  William's  daughter"  was  married  to  the  famous  Elias 
Ashmole:  of  this  learned  antiquary,  and  his  widow,  we 
have  already  discoursed  at  length  on  a  preceding  page. 
See  ASHMOLE,  ELIAS. 

If  any  of  our  countrymen — who  are  not  generally  sup 
posed  to  feel  the  most  lively  interest  in  the  records  of  the 
past,  save  as  they  pertain  to  the  title-deeds  and  other  secu 
rities  of  real  estate — feel  inclined  to  blame  us  for  lingering 
long  over  the  names  of  the  Ashmoles,  the  Carndens,  the 
Goughs,  and  the  Nicholses,  of  whom  a  utilitarian  age  is 
not  worthy,  we  shall  commend  to  their  meditations  the  fol 
lowing  true  maxim,  with  the  hope  of  a  profitable  result: 

"  A  contempt  for  antiquity  is  rightly  considered  as  the  mark  of  a 
mean  and  narrow  intellect,  of  an  uneducated  and  illiberal  mind.'' 
Where  would  have  been  the  history,  the  art,  the  philoso- 


1805,  8vo.     Hist  of  the  King's  Inns,  1807,  8vo. 

Duhring,  Henry,  M.D.  Art  of  Living,  Lon.,  1843, 
p.  8vo.  Remarks  on  the  United  States,  1843,  p.  8vo.  Es 
says  on  Human  Happiness,  1848,  fp.  8vo. 

'•  Happy  is  life,  when  sound  health,  pure  feelings,  rational 
thoughts,  and  noble  deeds  combine  to  exalt  its  earthly  course. 
Then  man  reveals  in  himself  the  image  of  the  Deity,  and  his 
home  becomes  a  Paradise." 

Duigeiian,  Patrick,  1735-1816,  an  Irish  civilian, 
M.P.  for  Old  Leighlin,  and  afterwards  for  Armagh.  La- 
chrymae  Academicae.  Political  pamphlets  and  Speeches, 
1786-1810. 

I)  nil  Her,  N.  F.     Latitude  at  Sea,  1708. 
Duke,  Rev.  Edward.     Prolusiones  Historicae,  or 
Essays  illustrative  of  the  Halle  of  John  Halle  of  Salisbury, 
Salisb.,  1837,  8vo;  vol.  i.;  all  pub. 

"  We  have  never  encountered  any  antiquarian  disquisitions  that 
were  so  amusing,  delightful,  and  instructive." — Lon.  Monthly  Rev. 
Druidical  Temples  of  the  county  of  Wilts,Lon.,1846,12mo. 
"  His  collections  on  the  literature  of  Wiltshire  are  nowhere  sur 
passed." — Salisbury  Journal. 

Duke,  Francis.    Free  Grace,  1655,  '56,  4to. 
Duke,  George.     The  Law  of  Charitable  Uses,  with 
the  learned  readings  of  Sir  Francis  Moore,  Lon.,  1676,  fol. 
"It  was  always  considered  as  a  standard  authority  upon  this 
branch  of  the  law."— Bridg.  Leg.  Bibl. 

After  being  neglected  for  more  than  a  century,  this  work 
was  revived  and  continued  by  Mr.  R.  W.  Bridgman,  Lon., 
1805,  8vo. 

Duke,  Richard,  d.  1711,  Prebendary  of  Gloucester, 
was  educated  at,  and  Fellow  of,  Trinity  College,  Cambridge. 
He  was  intimate  with  Otway,  engaged  with  some  others  in 
the  translations  of  Ovid  and  Juvenal,  and  wrote  a  number 
of  poems. 

"  In  his  Review,  though  unfinished,  are  some  vigorous  lines. 
His  poems  are  not  below  mediocrity ;  nor  have  I  found  much  in 
them  to  be  praised." — Dr.  Johnson's  Life,  of  Duke. 

Serin.,  1703;  two  serms.,  1704;  fifteen,  1714,  8vo. 
"  In  his  sermons,  besides  liveliness  of  wit,  purity  and  correctness 
of  style,  and  justness  of  argument,  we  see  many  fine  allusions  to 
the  ancients,  several  beautiful  passages  handsomely  incorporated 
in  the  train  of  his  own  thoughts ;  and,  to  say  all  in  a  word,  classic 
learning  and  a  Christian  spirit."— DR.  II.  FEI.TON,  on  Reading  th*  C 
Duke,  R.  T.  W.,  and  Francis  H.  Smith.     Ame 
rican  Statistical  Arithmetic,  Phila.    See  SMITH,  FRANCIS  H. 
Duke,  Wm.     Lectures  on  the  Sacraments,  1789. 
Dulaney,  Daniel.     Considerations  on  the  Policy  of 
imposing  taxes  in  the  Brit.  Colonies,  Lon.,  1766,  8vo. 
DnmbeU,  John.     Mathemat.  treatises,  1808,  '09. 
Dummer,  Jeremiah,  d.  1729,  a  native  of  Boston, 
wrote  several  theolog.  treatises,  a  defence  of  the  New  Eng 
land  Charters,  Lon.,  1728,  8vo,  and  1766 ;  and  a  Letter  to 
a  Noble  Lord  concerning  the  expedition  to  Canada,  1712. 
I  )ii  in  on,  Win.     Cantus;  The  Former  Book  of  the  Mu- 
sick  of  William  Dumon,  1591,  4to. 
Dun,  Lord.     See  ERSKINE,  DAVID. 
Dun,  Barclay.     Quadrilles,  1818. 
Dun,  James.     Serrn.,  Edin.,  1792,  8vo. 
Dun,  John.     Serms.,  Kilm.,  1790,  2  vols.  8vo. 
Dunbar,  David.     Covenants,  Lon.,  1646. 
Dunbar,  George,  1774-1851,  appointed  Professor  of 
Greek  in  the  University  of  Edinburgh,  1805,  discharged 
the  duties  of  this  post  until  within  a  few  months  of  his 
death.     He  pub.  a  number  of  useful  educational  works, 
1812-44,  the  principal  of  which  is  his  Greek-English  and 
English-Greek  Lexicon,  the  fruit  of  eight  years'  laborious 
application,  1840,  8vo;  3d  ed.,  1853,  8vo.     The  following 
commendation  of  a  distinguished  Grecian  must  have  been 
highly  gratifying  to  Professor  Dunbar: 

'•My  Dear  Lord:— I  am  greatly  obliged  to  you  for  having  per 
mitted  me  to  see  Professor  Dunbar's Greek  Lexicon.  It  is  infinitely 
the  best  work  which  I  have  ever  seen.  It  has  already  been  of  great 
service  to  me,  who,  as  you  know,  am  an  humble  but  a  most  ardent 
votary  of  Greek  literature.  It  will  tend  more  to  extend  the  study 
of  Greek  than  any  work  now  extant."— T/ie  Marquis  of  Wdlegley  to 
Lord  Brougham,  August  17,  1841. 
Dunbar,  James,  LL.D.,  Prof,  of  Philos.  in  the  Univ. 


phy,  of  past  ages,  had  there  been  no  provident  conserva-  Of  Aberdeen.  Essays  on  the  Hist,  of  Mankind  in  rude 
tors,  wise  for  all  generations,  to  transmit  these  precious  and  uncultivated  Ages,  Lon.,  1781, 8vo;  2ded.,  with  addits., 
relics  to  their  descendants?  j  1/7-32  8vo. 

Duginore,  Thomas.  Manor  of  Milbourne,  1800,8vo.        "A  very 'ingenious  book."— DR.  JOHNSON. 

Dugud,  Patrick,  M.D.     Convulsive  Disorder;  Med.  i      Dunbar,  John.     Epigram uiatuin,  Lon.,  1616,  8vo. 
Com.,  1777.     Virtue  of  the  Wild  Cabbage;  Ess.  Phys.  and  >      Dunbar,  William,  1465P-1530,  a  native  of  Salton, 
Med.,  1760.  ,  East  Lothian,  Scotland,  was  educated  at  the  University 


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of  St.  Andrew's,  and  afterwards,  becoming  a  Franciscan 
friar,  travelled  in  Scotland,  England,  and  France,  as  a 
mendicant  preacher.  He  was  subsequently  employed  in  a 
diplomatic  capacity  by  James  IV.,  and  resided  at  his  court 
in  receipt  of  a  pension.  Of  his  poems  but  little  was  known 
until  the  beginning  of  the  last  century,  when  many  of  them 
were  printed  from  the  MSS.  in  which  they  had  long  re 
posed.  Some  of  his  pieces  had  been  pub.  by  Chapman 
and  Millar  in  1508.  Thirty  of  Dunbar's  productions  are 
to  be  found  in  the  Ancient  Scottish  Poems,  pub.  from  the 
•  MS.  of  George  Bannatyne.  In  1834  a  complete  edit,  of 
his  works  was  pub.  by  David  Laing.  He  excels  both  in 
moral  and  humorous  poetry ;  and  is  peculiarly  happy  in  en 
listing  allegory  in  the  advocacy  of  truth.  His  principal 
allegorical  poems  are,  The  Thistle  and  Rose,  The  Dance 
of  the  Seven  Deadly  Sins  through  Hell,  and  The  Golden 
Terge.  The  Twa  Married  Women  and  the  Widow  exhibits 
a  specimen — not  the  most  delicate  in  the  world — of  his 
vein  of  humour.  Whether  the  Friars  of  Berwick  be  really 
his,  seems  matter  of  some  doubt.  The  Merle  and  Night 
ingale  may  be  cited  as  a  poem  of  great  merit. 

Sir  Walter  Scott  declares  that  Dunbar  is  "  unrivalled  by 
any  poet  that  Scotland  has  yet  produced,"  and  Mr.  Ellis 
also  styles  him  the  "  greatest  poet  that  Scotland  has  pro 
duced."  This  is  surely  high  praise.  For  an  elaborate 
review  of  Dunbar's  poetry,  we  must  refer  the  reader  to 
Warton's  Hist,  of  English  Poetry.  See  also  Biog.  Brit.  ; 
Pinkerton's  Ancient  Scottish  Poets;  Lives  of  the  Scottish 
Poets.  Warton  remarks,  after  an  examination  of  the 
Daunce : 

"I  have  been  prolix  in  my  citations  and  explanations  of  this 
poem,  because  I  am  of  opinion  that  the  imagination  of  Dunbar  is 
not  less  suited  to  satirical  than  to  sublime  allegory;  and  that  he 
is  the  first  poet  who  has  appeared  with  any  degree  of  spirit  in  this 
•way  of  writing  since  Piers  Plowman.  His  Thistle  and  Rose  and 
Golden  Terge  are  generally  mentioned  as  his  capital  works,  but 
the  natural  complexion  of  his  genius  is  of  the  moral  and  didactic 
cast."— Hist,  of  English  Poetry. 

But  Mr.  Pinkerton  thinks  that  this  judgment  must  not 
be  taken  too  strictly : 

"  The  Goldin  Terge  is  moral ;  and  so  are  many  of  his  small  pieces : 
but  humour,  description,  allegory,  great  practical  genius,  and  a 
vast  wealth  of  words,  all  unite  to  form  the  complexion  of  Dun- 
bar's  poetry.  He  unites  in  himself,  and  generally  surpasses,  the 
qualities  of  the  chief  old  English  poets;  the  morals  and  satire  of 
Langland;  Chaucer's  humour,  poetry,  and  knowledge  of  life;  the 
allegory  of  Gower ;  the  description  of  Lydgate." — Scottish  Poets. 

The  Golden  Terge,  though  moral  in  its  design,  is  a  pa 
rody  on  the  Popish  litanies;  surely  an  unfit  subject  for 
such  a  purpose. 

Mr.  Ellis  unites  in  the  general  commendation  of  Dun- 
bar's  poetry : 

"Dunbar's  peculiar  excellence  is  much  good  sense  and  sound 
morality,  expressed  with  force  and  conciseness.  His  style,  whether 
grave  or  humorous,  whether  simple  or  ornamented,  is  always 
energetic;  and  though  all  his  compositions  cannot  be  expected  to 
possess  equal  merit,  we  seldom  find  in  them  a  weak  or  redundant 
stanza."— Specimens  of  Early  English  Poetry. 
_  Dunbar,  Wm.,  d.  1810,  at  his  seat  at  Natchez,  Mis 
sissippi,  was  distinguished  for  his  acquisitions  in  Astronomy 
and  Natural  Science.  He  was  a  member  of  the  American 
Philosophical  Society  of  Philadelphia,  and  contributed 
some  pages  to  its  Transactions ;  see  vol.  vi. :  Signs  among 
Indians;  Meteor.  Observ.,  1800;  Description  of  the  Mis 
sissippi. 

Duncan,  Alexander,  D.D.  Infidelity,  Edin.,  1774, 
12mo.  Hist,  of  the  Revolution,  1688, 1790,  8vo.  Devout 
Communicant's  Assist.,  Berwick,  1792,  8vo.  Essays,  Ed'in.. 
1799,  8vo. 

Duncan,  Andrew.  Grammatica  Latina,  Edin.,  1595, 
8vo.  Rudimenta  Pietatis,  1595, 16mo.  Studiorum  Pueri- 
lium  Clavis,  1597,  8vo. 

Duncan,  Andrew,  M.D.,  1745-1828,  a  native  of 
Edinburgh,  delivered  clinical  lectures  in  the  University  of 
that^city,  and  afterwards  private  courses  for  fourteen  years, 
on  t'ae  theory  and  practice  of  medicine.  He  pub.  several 
professional  treatises,  a  list  of  which  will  be  found  in  Watt's 
Bibl.  Brit. 

Duncan,  Andrew,  Jr.,  M.D.  Edinburgh  New  Dis 
pensatory,  Edin.,  1803,  8vo ;  1804,  '08,  '18.  Other  profess, 
publications. 

Duncan,Archibald,R.N.  Mariner's  Chronicle,  1804. 
Brit.  Trident;  register  of  Naval  Actions,  1805,  4  vols. 

Duncan,  Daniel,  1649-1735,  an  eminent  physician, 
a  native  of  Languedoc,  died  in  London.  He  was  the  au 
thor  of  Explication  nouvelle  et  mechanique  des  Actions 
Animales,  Paris,  1678;  La  Chymie  Naturelle,  1681,  8vo; 
and  some  other  works. 

Duncan,  Daniel,  D.D.,  d.  1761,  son  of  the  preced 
ing,  wrote  Collects  upon  some  of  the  Articles,  1754,  and 
some  other  theolog.  treatises. 
34 


Duncan,  Francis,  M.D.    Bowels,  1801,  8vo. 

Duncan,  Henry,  D.D.,  founder  of  Savings -Banks. 
Essays  on  the  Advantages  of  Savings -Banks,  Lon.,  1816, 
8vo.  Cottage  Fireside,  new  ed.,  Edin.,  1839, 18mo.  Sacred 
Philosophy  of  the  Seasons,  Edin.,  1836,  '37,  4.  vols.  sm. 
8vo;  new  ed.,  1853,  12mo. 

"We  know  of  no  work  more  simple  in  its  teachings,  and  of  none 
that  collects  more  glory  about  the  revolving  months  than  this."— 
Lon.  Spectator. 

See  Memoir  of  Dr.  Duncan  by  his  son,  Rev.  J.  G.  Dun 
can,  1848,  12mo;  new  ed.,  1853. 

Duncan,  James.  The  Scotch  History,  Glasg.,  1805, 
12mo  ;  3d  ed.,  by  his  grandson,  James  Duncan,  1816;  4th 
ed.,  1819. 

Duncan,  James  F.  Popular  Errors  on  the  subject 
of  Insanity  examined  and  exposed,  Lon.,  1853,  fp.  8vo. 

Duncan,  John,  D.D.  Essay  on  Happiness,  a  Poem. 
Serms.  and  theolog.  treatises,  1769-1803. 

Dnncan,  John.     Weaving,  Glasg.,  1808,  8vo. 

Duncan,  Rev.  John,  LL.D.  Declaration  against 
the  Pope's  Supremacy,  by  K.Edward  VI.;  repub.,  Lon., 
1810,  8vo. 

Duncan,  John.  Essay  on  Genius,  or  the  Philos.  of 
Literature,  Edin.,  1814,  8vo.  Philos.  of  Human  Nature; 
Origin  of  Evil,  1815,  8vo. 

Duncan,  John  M.  Travels  through  part  of  the  U. 
States  and  Canada,  1818,  '19,  Glasg.,  1823,  2  vols.  p.  8vo. 
Dedicated  to  Professor  Silliman  of  Yale  College.  Sabbath 
among  the  Tuscaroras. 

Duncan,  John  Shute.  Botano-Theology,  an  ar 
ranged  Compendium,  Oxf.,  1825,  8vo;  2d  ed.,  1826. 

"  An  exceeding  pleasant  and  interesting  book." — Lowndes's  Brit. 
Lib. 

Duncan,  Jonathan.  Prosecutions  for  Religious 
Opinions,  Lon.,  8vo.  Religions  of  Profane  Antiquity, 
1838,  fp.  8vo. 

"  A  very  complete  key  to  the  old  systems  of  heathenism,  as  de 
veloped  especially  in  Greece  and  Rome." — Lon.  Monthly  Rev.;  and 
see  Lon.  Spectator. 

Dukes  of  Normandy,  from  Rollo  to  the  Expulsion  of 
King  John,  1839,  12mo. 

"  A  useful  supplement  to  the  ordinary  histories  of  England." — 
Lon.  Athenceum. 

And  see  Lon.  Parthenon,  Examiner,  and  New  Monthly 
Magazine. 

Trans,  of  Felix  Bodin's  Summaries  of  the  Hist,  of  Eng 
land  and  France,  1840,  2  vols.  18mo. 

"  A  very  accurate  view  of  the  constitutional  history  of  England." 
— Lon.  Athenceum. 

Religious  Wars  of  France,  1840,  fp.  8vo. 

"  Well  written  and  concise ;  its  dates  exact  and  well  placed." — 
Lon.  Courier. 

Hist,  of  Guernsey,  with  Notes  on  Jersey,  1842,  8vo. 

Duncan,  Mrs.  M.  G.  L.  Memoir  of  G.  A.  Lundie, 
18mo;  of  Geo.  B.  Philips,  18mo;  of  Mary  Lundie  Duncan, 
4th  ed.,  1845,  fp.  8vo. 

"  A  most  sweetly-drawn  picture,  that  cannot  be  too  extensively 
contemplated." — Lon.  Christian  Ladies'  Mag. 

The  Children  of  the  Manse,  18mo.  America  as  I  found 
it,  16mo. 

"  A  very  readable  book." — Advocate  and  Guardian. 

Duncan,  Mark,  d.  1640,  a  Scottish  physician,  an  an 
cestor  of  the  preceding  Dr.  Daniel  Duncan,  was  principal 
of  the  Calvinists'  College  at  Saumur.  His  best-known 
work  is  Institutiones  Logicae,  libri  quinque,  Salmurii. 
1612,  8vo. 

"This  work  is  much  commended  by  Burgersdicius  and  others. 
Joseph  Scaliger  also  mentions  our  author  in  a  manner  which  seems 
to  indicate  no  common  respect.  Speaking  of  the  west  of  Scotland, 
he  particularizes  it  as  the  district  which  produced  Duncan  and 
Buchanan;  and  Tomasinus  (Parnassus  Euganeus,  p.  8)  classes 
him  among  the  distinguished  literary  characters  of  the  age." 

Duncan,  Mark,  or  Cerisantes,  d.  1648,  a  son  of 
the  preceding,  wrote  some  poetical  pieces  pub.  in  miscella 
neous  collections,  the  most  remarkable  of  which  is  Carmen 
gratulatorium  in  nuptias  Caroli  R.  Ang.  cum  Henrietta 
Maria  filiS,  Henrici  IV.  R.  Fr. 

Duncan,  Mrs.  Mary  Lundie.  Rhymes  for  my 
Children,  Lon.,  32mo.  For  a  notice  of  a  Memoir  of  Mrs. 
M.  L.  Duncan,  see  DUNCAN,  MRS.  M.  G.  L. 

Duncan,  Robert,  1699-1729,  a  native  of  Edinburgh, 
minister  of  Tilly coul try,  1728.  An  Exposition  of  the  Epistle 
to  the  Hebrews,  Edin.,  1731,  8vo;  new  ed.,  1844,  8vo. 

"  It  may  be  considered  rather  as  an  abridgment  of  Owen  on  the 
Hebrews,  than  as  an  original  work.  It  is  not,  indeed,  a  professed 
abridgment;  but  it  everywhere  shows  the  use  that  the  author 
made  of  that  elaborate  and  useful  work."—  Orme's  Bibl.  Bib. 

Duncan,  Wm.     Physiologia,  Tolos.,  1651,  4to. 

Duncan,  Wm.     Kings  of  Scotland,  Glasg.,  1722.  8vo. 

Duncan,  Wm.,  1717-1760,  a  native  of  Aberdeen,  Prof, 
of  Philos.  in  the  Marischal  College,  1752,  trans,  the  select 
orations  of  Cicero,  (1777,)  and  Caesar's  Commentaries,  1752, 


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fol.;  also  in  2  vols.  8vo ;  often  reprinted.  His  work  entitled 
Elements  of  Logic  was  pub.  in  1748,  and  the  6th  ed.,  1770, 
Lon.,  12mo. 

Duncan,  Wm.     Syntax,  Ac.  of  Greek,  1812,  8vo. 
Duncan,  Wm.     New  and  improved  edit,  of  A.  Dick 
inson's  Greek  Testament,  Edin.,  1830,  12mo. 

"  Mr.  Duncan  has  annexed  a  copious  selection  of  the  most  im 
portant  of  Griesbach's  various  readings  and  emendations,  which 
appear  to  have  been  made  with  great  care."— Home's  Bibl.  Bib. 

Duncombe,  Giles.  Tryals  per  pais,  or  the  Law  of 
England  concerning  Juries  by  Nisi  Prius,  &c.,  Lon.,  1682, 
8vo;  8th  ed.,  with  addits.,  1766,  2  vols.  8vo;  9th  ed.,  Dubl., 
1793,  2  vols.  8vo. 

Duncombe,  Henry  J.     Serm.,  Lon.,  1837,  8vo. 
Dnncombe,  John,  1730-1785,  Vicar  of  Herne.  Three 
Serms.,   1776.     The   Feminead,   1754.     Trans,    of  Select 
Works  of  the  Emperor  Julian,  <fcc.,  1784,  2  vols.  8vo. 

"The  Philosophical  Fable  which  Julian  composed  under  the 
name  of  the  Caesars,  is  one  of  the  most  agreeable  and  instructive 
productions  of  ancient  wit." — GIBBON.  • 

The  Hist,  and  Antiq.  of  Reculver  and  Herne;  princi 
pally  written  by  J.  D.  It  forms  the  18th  No.  of  the  Bibl. 
Top.  Brit.  Mr.  D.  contributed  to  the  Gent.  Mag.  for  twenty 
years,  under  the  signature  of  Crito,  <fcc.  He  pub.  and  edited 
several  other  works.  See  Watt's  Bibl.  Brit. 

Duncombe,  Mrs.  John,  wife  of  the  preceding,  d. 
1812,  wrote  the  story  of  Fidelia  and  Honoria  in  the  Adven 
turer,  contributed  to  the  Poetical  Calendar  and  Nichols's 
Poems,  and  in  1808  pub.  a  novel  entitled  The  Village  Gen 
tleman  and  the  Attorney-at-Law. 

Duncombe,  John,  inventor  of  the  Dendrometer. 
Treatise  upon  the  Dendrometer,  Lon.,  1769,  8vo  ;  1771,  8vo. 
-Conjointly  with  Thos.  Whittell,  The  Antiq.  of  Blchborough 
and  Reculver,  abridged  from  the  Latin  of  Archdeacon  Bot- 
tely,  1774,  12mo.  New  Arithmet.  Dictionary,  1774,  8vo. 

Duncombe,  Wm.,  1690-1769,  father  of  the  first- 
named  John  Duncombe,  is  best  known  by  his  trans,  of 
Horace,  made  in  conjunction  with  his  son,  pub.  in  2  vols. 
8vo,  1757-59.  He  made  some  other  trans,  from  the  Latin 
and  French,  collected  Archbishop  Herring's  sermons,  and 
pub.  several  other  poetical,  political,  historical,  and  theolog. 
works.  See  Watt's  Bibl.  Brit. 

Duncon,  Eleaz.  De  Adoratione  Dei  versus  Altare 
Determinatio  Cantab,  habita,  anno  1633,  '60,  8vo. 

Duncon,  John.     Life  and  Death  of  Lady  Falkland, 
1048,  12mo.     See  Gibbon's  Memoirs  of  Pious  Women. 
Duncon,  Samuel.     Political  tracts,  1652-59. 
Duncumb,  John.    Serms.,  1796/97.    Pasture  Lands, 
1801,  8vo.     Hist,  and  Antiq.  of  Herefprd,  1804-12,  2  vols. 
4to.     The  only  hist,  of  this  county  pub.     Agricult.  and 
Rural  Economy  of  Herefordshire,  1805,  8vo. 

Dundas,  Sir  David,  General  R.  A.,  1735P-1820,  a 
distinguished  officer,  in  1809  succeeded  the  Duke  of  York 
as  Commander-in-chief.  Principles  of  Military  Movements, 
chiefly  applied  to  Infantry,  Lon.,  1788,  4to.  Adopted  and 
printed  as  Rules  and  Regulations  for  his  Majesty's  Forces. 
General  Dundas  also  planned  the  Rules  and  Regulations 
for  the  Cavalry. 

Dundas,  lit.  Hon.  Henry,  Lord  Viscount  Mel 
ville,  1741P-1811,  First  Lord  of  the  Admiralty,  &c. 
Speeches,  Letters,  and  Opinions  upon  Politics,  the  Slave- 
Trade,  and  East  India  Trade;  pub.  separately,  1794,  '96, 
1800,  '13. 

Dundas,  James,  M.D.    Ed.  Med.  Ess.,  1733. 
Dundas,  John.    Abridgt.  of  the  Acts  of  the  General 
Assem.  of  the  Ch.  of  Scot.,  1638-1720,  Edin.,  1721,  8vo. 
Processes  against  J.  Simpson,  1728,  8vo. 
Dundonald,  Earl  of.     See  COCHRANE,  ALEX. 
Dungal,  a  celebrated  astronomer  of  the  9th  century, 
supposed  to  have  been  a  native  of  Ireland,  emigrated  to 
France,  where  he  died.    A  long  letter  of  his  to  Charlemagne, 
in  answer  to  some  queries  of  that  monarch  respecting  two 
eclipses  of  the  sun,  will  be  found  in  D'Acheri's  Spicilegium, 
vol.  iii.,  324,  of  the  fol.,  and  vol.  x.  of  the  4to  edit.    A  De 
fence  of  Images,  1608, 8vo ;  also  in  the  Biblioth.  Max.  Patr., 
xiv.  196.     He  wrote  some  poetical  pieces,  one  of  which  is 
in  a  collection  pub.  by  Martene  and  Durand,  1729. 

Dunglison,  Robley,  M.D.,  LL.D.,  a  distinguished 
benefactor  to  Medical  Science  and  Literature,  and  one  of 
the  most  popular  authors  of  the  day,  was  born  in  1798,  in 
Keswick,  Cumberland  county,  England.  He  commenced 
the  practice  of  medicine  in  London  in  1819;  Professor  of 
Medicine  in  the  University  of  Virginia,  1824-33 ;  Profes 
sor  of  Materia  Medica,  Therapeutics,  Ac.  in  the  University 
of  Maryland,  1833-36 ;  Professor  of  the  Institutes  of  Medi 
cine  and  Medical  Jurisprudence  in  Jefferson  Medical  Col 
lege,  Philadelphia,  from  1836  to  the  present  time,  (1858.) 
Dr.  D.  is  one  of  the  vice-presidents  of  the  American  Philo- 
630 


sophical  Society,  and  a  member  of  numerous  scientific  and 
iterary  societies  at  home  and  abroad.  We  annex  a  list 
of  his  many  valuable  contributions  to  medical  science  : 

AUTHOR  OP  :  1.  Commentaries  on  Diseases  of  the  Stomach 
and  Bowels  of  Children,  Lon.,  1824,  8vo. 

2.  An  Introduction  to  the  Study  of  Grecian  and  Roman 
Geography,  by  Geo.  Long,  Esq.,  and  himself,  Charlottes- 
ville,  1829,  8vo;  the  Roman  by  Dr.  D. 

3.  Human  Physiology,with  numerous  illustrations,  Phila., 
1832,  2  vols.  8vo;  8th  ed.,  1856. 

4.  A  new  Dictionary  of  Medical  Science  and  Literature, 
containing  a  concise  account  of  the  various  subjects  and 
terms,  with  the  Synonymes  in  different  languages,  <fcc., 
Boston,  1833,  2  vols.  8vo.     The  second  and  subsequent  edi 
tions  were  published  in  Philadelphia  in  one  volume;  15th 
edit,  1858. 

5.  On  the  Influence  of  Atmosphere  and  Locality,  Change 
of  Air  and  Climate,  Seasons,  Food,  Clothing,  <fcc.  on  human 
health,  constituting  Elements  of  Hygiene,  Phila.,  1835,  8vo. 
The  second  edition  was  published  under  the  title  of  Human 
Health,  <fcc.,  Phila.,  1844,  8vo. 

6.  General  Therapeutics,  or  Principles  of  Medical  Prac 
tice,  with  tables  of  the  chief  remedial  agents  and  their 
preparations,  and  of  the  different  poisons  and  their  anti 
dotes,  Phila.,  1836,  8vo.     To  the  second  edition — in  two 
volumes — Materia  Medica  was  added.     The  6th  edition  was 
published  in  1857.     In  all  the  editions,  except  the  first, 
there  were  numerous  illustrations. 

7.  The  Medical  Student,  or  Aids  to  the  Study  of  Medicine, 
including  a  glossary  of  the  terms  of  the  science,  and  of  the 
mode  of  prescribing,  bibliographical   notices  of  medical 
works,  the  regulations  of  different  medical  colleges  of  the 
Union,  <fcc.,  Phila.,  1837,  8vo;  2d  edition,  modified,  Phila., 
1844. 

8.  New  Remedies;  the  method  of  preparing  and  admi 
nistering  them ;  their  effects  on  the  healthy  and  diseased 
economy,  <fec.,  Phila.,  1839,  8vo;  7th  edit.,  1856. 

9.  The  Practice  of  Medicine,  or  a  Treatise  on  Special 
Pathology  and  Therapeutics,  Phila.,  1842,  2  vols.  8vo ;  3d 
edit.,  1848. 

10.  An  Appeal  to  the  People  of  Pennsylvania  on  the 
subject  of  an  Asylum  for  the  Insane  Poor  of  the  Common 
wealth,  Phila.,  1838,  8vo. 

11.  A  Second  Appeal  on  the  same  subject,  Phila.,  1840, 
8vo. 

12.  A  Public  Discourse  in  Commemoration  of  Peter  S. 
Duponceau,  LL.D.,  late  President  of  the  American  Philo 
sophical  Society,  delivered  before  the  Society  on  the  25th 
of  October,  1844,  Phila.,  1844,  8vo. 

13.  On  the  Blind,  and  Institutions  for  the  Blind  in  Europe ; 
a  Letter  to  the  President  of  the  Board  of  Managers  of  the 
Pennsylvania  Institution  for  the  Blind,  Phila.,  1854,  8vo. 

14.  Numerous  Introductory  Lectures  to  his  Class  in  the 
Universities  of  Virginia  and  Maryland,  and  in  Jefferson 
Medical  College  of  Philadelphia;  and  Charges  to  Gradu 
ates  :  the  Introductory  of  1854,  '55,  comprising  Recollec 
tions  of  Europe  in  1854. 

EDITOR  OF  :  1.  On  the  Use  of  the  Moxa  as  a  Therapeu 
tical  Agent,  by  Baron  D.  J.  Larrey,  translated  from  the 
French,  with  Notes  and  an  Introduction,  containing  a  his 
tory  of  the  substance,  Lon.,  1822,  8vo. 

2.  Formulary  for  the  preparation  and  mode  of  employing 
several  new  remedies,  viz. :  Morphine,  Iodine,  <fec.,  trans 
lated  by  Charles  Thomas  Haden,  Esq. ;  2d  edit.,  with  nu 
merous  alterations  and  additions,  Lon.,  1824,  12mo. 

3.  Appendix  to  do.,  Lon.,  1824,  12mo.     The  Formulary 
was  reprinted  in  Phila.,  1825. 

4.  The  Surgeon's  Vade  Mecum  of  Dr.  Hooper;  3d  edit., 
greatly  enlarged,  Lon.,  1824, 12mo.     Dr.  Dunglison's  name 
did  not  appear. 

5.  Medical  Clinics  of  the  Hospital  Neckar,  by  M.  Bri- 
cheteau ;  translated  by  Dr.  D.,  but  not  so  stated,  Phila., 
1837,  8vo. 

6.  Outlines  of  Physiology,  with  an  Appendix  on  Phre 
nology,  by  P.  M.  Roget,  M.D.,  &c. ;  revised,  with  nume 
rous  notes,  Phila.,  1839,  8vo.     Name  not  on  the  title-page. 

7.  Outlines  of  a  course  of  Lectures  on  Medical  Jurispru 
dence,  by  Thomas    Stewart   Traill,  M.D.,  F.R.S.E.;   re 
vised,  with  numerous  notes,  Phila.,  1841,  8vo.     Name  not 
on  title-page. 

8.  The  Cyclopaedia  of  Practical  Medicine,  by  Drs.  Forbea, 
Tweedie,  and  Conolly ;  thoroughly  revised,  with  numerous 
additions,  Phila.,  1845,  4  vols.  8vo. 

9.  The  London   Medical  Repository,  edited  by  James 
Copland,  M.D.,  and  Robley  Dunglison,  M.D.     Vols.  19  and 
20,  and  new  series,  vol.  i.,  Lon.,  1823.  '24. 

10.  The  Medical  Intelligencer,  or  Monthly  Compendium 


DUN 

of  Medical,  Chirurgical,  and  Scientific  Knowledge,  vol.  iv., 
Lon.,  1823,  8vo.  The  earlier  volumes  -were  edited  by 
Messrs.  Armstrong,  Alcock,  Haden,  and  others. 

1 1.  The  Virginia  Literary  Museum  and  Journal  of  Belles- 
Lettres,  Arts,  Sciences,  Ac.,  edited  at  the  University  of  Vir 
ginia,  by  Professors  Geo.  Tucker  and  Dunglison,Charlottes- 
ville,  1830,  8vo.     Names  not  on  title-page. 

12.  The  American  Medical  Library  and  Intelligencer; 
a  concentrated  Record  of  Medical  Science  and  Literature, 
Phila.,  1837  to  1842,  inclusive,  8vo.     A  Journal,  and  a  re 
print  of  valuable  foreign  works. 

CONTRIBUTOR  TO  :  The  Monthly  Magazine,  Lon.,  1817, 
'18;  The  Annals  of  Philosophy,  Lon.,  1820;  The  London 
Medical  Repository,  1823,  '24;  The  Quarterly  Journal  of 
Science  and  the  Arts,  1824 ;  The  London  Quarterly  Review, 
1823;  The  Eclectic  Review,  1823,  '24;  The  Universal  Re 
view,  1824;  The  American  Quarterly  Review,  1827,  and 
afterwards;  The  Virginia  Literary  Museum,  1830;  The 
Baltimore  Medical  and  Surgical  Journal,  1834;  The  North 
American  Archives  of  Medical  and  Surgical  Science,  1834, 
'35;  The  American  Journal  of  the  Medical  Sciences,  1832, 
and  afterwards;  The  American  Cyclopedia  of  Medicine 
and  Surgery,  1834,  '35 ;  The  British  and  Foreign  Medical 
Review,  1836 ;  The  Medical  Examiner,  Phila.,  1838,  and 
afterwards;  <fcc. 

So  great  has  been  the  demand  for  Dr.  Dunglison's  works, 
that  of  the  Medical  Lexicon,  General  Therapeutics  and 
Materia  Medica,  Practice  of  Medicine,  Human  Physiology, 
Human  Health,  and  New  Remedies,  the  sale  to  1858,  we 
have  reason  to  believe,  had  been  upwards  of  one  hundred 
thousand  volumes  !  Of  the  many  notices  before  us  of  these 
valuable  works  from  British  and  American  authorities, 
we  have  room  for  a  few  only,  and  these  must  be  abbre 
viated. 

Medical  Lexicon,  12th  ed.,  1855;  15th  ed.  enlarged,  1858. 

"  An  admirable  work,  and  indispensable  to  all  literary  medical 
men.  The  labour  which  has  been  bestowed  upon  it  is  something 
prodigious.  .  .  .  Revised  and  corrected  from  time  to  time,  Dr.  Dun 
glison's  Medical  Lexicon  will  last  for  centuries." — Brit,  and  For. 
Med.  Chir.  Rev. 

"  A  miracle  of  labour  and  industry  in  one  who  has  written  able 
and  voluminous  works  on  nearly  every  branch  of  medical  science. 
...  It  is  almost  as  indispensable  to  the  other  learned  professions 
as  to  our  own.  .  .  .  From  a  careful  examination  of  the  present 
edition,  we  can  vouch  for  its  accuracy,  and  for  its  being  brought 
quite  up  to  the  date  of  publication." — Dubl.  Quart.  Jour,  of  Med. 
Science. 

"  The  most  comprehensive  and  best  English  dictionary  of  medi 
cal  terms  extant."— Buffalo  Med.  Jour.  See  also  Lon.  Med.  Gaz. ; 
Amer.  Jour,  of  the  Med.  Sciences ;  Boston  Med.  Jour. ;  Edin.  Jour, 
of  Med.  Science ;  Lon.  Med.  Times  and  Gazette. 

General  Therapeutics  and  Materia  Medica, 6th  edit.,1857. 

"  As  a  textbook  for  students,  for  whom  it  is  particularly  designed, 
we  know  of  none  superior  to  it." — St.  Louis  Med.  and  Surg.  Jour. 

"  We  consider  this  work  unequalled." — Boston  Med.  and  Surg. 
Journal.  See  also  Charleston  Med.  Journal  and  Review ;  Western 
Lancet;  N.  Orleans  Med.  and  Surg.  Jour.;  N.  York  Jour,  of  Med. 

The  Practice  of  Medicine,  3d  edit.,  1848. 

"  Upon  every  topic  embraced  in  this  work,  the  latest  information 
will  be  found  carefully  posted  up." — Med.  Examiner. 

"  It  is  certainly  the  most  complete  treatise  of  which  we  have  any 
knowledge." — Western  Jour,  of  Med.  and  Surg.  See  also  Boston 
Med.  and  Surg.  Jour. ;  Southern  Med.  and  Surg.  Jour. 

Human  Physiology,  7th  edit.,  1850  ;  8th  ed.,  1856. 

"  It  has  long  since  taken  rank  as  one  of  the  medical  classics  of 
our  language.  To  say  that  it  is  by  far  the  best  text-book  of  phy 
siology  ever  published  in  this  country,  is  but  echoing  the  general 
testimony  of  the  profession." — N.  York  Jour,  of  Med. 

"  It  is  the  completest  work  on  Physiology  in  the  English'  lan 
guage,  and  is  highly  creditable  to  the  author  and  publishers."— 
Canadian  Med.  Jour. 

"The  best  work  of  the  kind  in  the  English  language,  and  is 
highly  creditable  to  the  author  and  publishers."— Silliman's  Jour. 
See  also  Amer.  Med.  Jour. ;  Western  Lancet. 

New  Remedies,  with  Formulae  for  their  Administration, 
6th  edit..  1853. 

«  The  great  learning  of  the  author,  and  his  remarkable  industry 
in  pushing  his  researches  into  every  source  whence  information  is 
derivable,  have  enabled  him  to  throw  together  an  extensive  mass  of 
facts  and  statements,  accompanied  by  full  reference  to  authorities ; 
which  iast  feature  renders  the  work  practically  valuable  to  inves 
tigators  who  desire  to  examine  the  original  papers."— Amer.  Jour, 
of  Pharmacy.  See  also  New  York  Med.  Gaz. ;  Southern  Med.  and 
Surg.  Jour. 

Dunham,  S.  Astley,  LL.D.,  d.  1858,  in  London. 
Hist,  of  Poland,  1830, 12mo. 

"  A  very  carefully  and  competently  written  compendium." — 
—Lon.  Eclectic  Review. 

Hist,  of  Spain  and  Portugal,  1832,  5  vols.  12mo. 

"The  very  best  work  on  the  subject  with  which  we  are  ac 
quainted."—  Lon.  Athensum.  See  also  Athen.,  1858,  111. 

"  A  work  of  acuteness  and  information." — WM.  H.  PRESCOTT. 

Hist  of  Europe  during  the  Middle  Ages,  1833-36,  4  vols. 

"  A  work  which  may  be  regarded  as  a  sacrifice  of  a  very  learned 
and  very  laborious  writer  to  the  wants  and  curiosity  of  the  world  " 
— Lon.  Athen. 


DUN 

Hist,  of  the  Germanic  Empire,  1837,  3  vols.  12mo. 

"This  compendium  is  masterly;  being  clear,  rich,  and  exten- 
give.» — Lon.  Monthly  Review. 

Hist,  of  Denmark,  Sweden,  and  Norway,  1839,  '40,  3 
vols.  12mo.  These  valuable  works  are  all  pub.  in  Lardner's 
Cyclopaedia.  Lives  of  English  Dramatists,  by  R.  Bell,  Esq., 
Dr.  Dunham,  &c.,  1837,  2  vols.  12mo.  The  Early  Writers 
of  Great  Britain,  by  the  same,  1840,  fp.  8vo. 

Dunkin,  A.  J.  Report  of  the  Brit.  Arch.  Assoc.,  Lon., 
1845,  8vo.  Memoranda  of  Springhead,  1848,  8vo. 

Dunkin,  John.   Divinity  of  the  Son  of  God,  1783, 8vo. 

Dunkin,  John.  Hist,  and  Antiq.  of  Bromley,  1815, 
8vo;  of  Bicester,  1816,  8vo.  Hist,  and  Antiq.  of  the  Hun 
dreds  of  Bullington  and  Ploughley,  Oxfordshire,  1823,  2 
vols.  4to.  Printed  at  the  expense  of  Sir  G.  P.  Turner; 
only  70  copies  intended  for  sale.  Hist,  and  Antiq.  of 
Dartford,  Kent,  1844,  8vo. 

Dunkin,  Wm.,  D.D.  Epistles,  Dubl.,  1741,  '60.  Po 
etical  Works,  Epistles,  &c.,  1774,  2  vols.  4to. 

Dunlap,  Andrew,  1794-1835,  a  native  of  Mass. 
Admiralty  Practice  in  Civil  Cases  of  Maritime  Jurisdic 
tion,  Phila.,  1836,  8vo  j  2d  ed.,  N.  York,  1850. 

"  This  work  is  pronounced,  by  the  most  competent  judges,  to  be 
learned,  accurate,  and  well  digested."—!  Kent's  Com.  381,  Note. 

Dunlap,  J.D.  Book  of  Legal  Forms,  Phila.,  1852,8vo. 

Dunlap,  John  A.  Justice  of  Peace  in  N.  York,  8vo. 
Abridgt.  of  12th  and  13th  Books  of  Coke's  Reports,  N. 
York,  1813,  8vo.  Prac.  Supr.  Ct.  of  N.  York  in  Civ.  Act., 
Albany,  1821-23,  2  vols.  8vo;  1841. 

"  The  author  has  executed  his  laborious  task  with  an  accxiracy 
and  extent  of  learning  which  support  his  well-earned  reputation 
as  a  lawyer."— 18  N.  Amer.  Rev.,  211. 

Lloyd's  edit.  (3d)  of  Paley's  Agency;  3d  Amer.  edit, 

"The  care  and  labour  bestowed  upon  Dunlap's  Paley's  Agency 
cannot  fail  to  render  it  a  standard  work  of  great  utility." — Penna. 
Law  Journal. 

Dunlap,  S.  F\,  son  of  Andrew  Dunlap,  (ante,}  b.  1825, 
in  Boston.  1.  The  Origin  of  Ancient  Names,  Cainb.,  1856. 
8vo :  reprinted  from  the  Chris.  Examiner,  July,  1856.  2. 
Vestiges  of  the  Spirit-History  of  Man,  N.Y.,  1858,  8vo. 
Edited,  with  Notes,  Dunlap's  Admiralty  Practice. 

Dunlap,  William,  1766-1839,  manager  of  the  Park 
Theatre,  N.  York,  a  dramatic  author  and  a  painter,  was  a 
native  of  Perth  Amboy,  N.  Jersey.  Life  of  George  Fre 
derick  Cooke,  Lon.,  1813,  2  vols.  8vo;  and  a  2d  ed. 

"  Those  who  desire  a  faithful  portrait  of  this  strange  genius 
may  be  safely  referred  to  the  Life  published  by  Dunlap,  a  close  ob 
server  and  a  truthful  writer."—  Wood's  Personal  Recollections  of  the 
Stage,  Phila.,  1855. 12mo. 

"  Very  little  reliance  can  be  placed  on  the  theatrical  and  other 
anecdotes  recorded  in  these  volumes." — Lowndcs's  Bibl.  Man. 

"  We  have  seldom  been  more  amused  and  instructed  than  by  the 
perusal  of  these  volumes." — Lon.  Theatrical  Inquisitor. 

The  American  Theatre,  N.  York,  1832,  8vo  ;  Lon.,  1833. 
Hist,  of  Arts  and  Designs  in  the  U.  States,  N.  York,  1834, 
2  vols.  8vo.  Thirty  Years  Ago ;  a  Novel,  1836.  Hist,  of 
N.  York,  for  Schools,  1837,  2  vols.  12mo ;  abridged,  1844, 
2  vols.  18mo.  New  Netherlands  Province  of  New  York, 
1840,  2  vols.  8vo.  See  Duyckincks'  Cyc.  of  Amer.  Lit. 

Dunlop,  Bell,  and  Murray.  Decis.  Ct.  Sess.,  1835- 
40,  5  vols.  8vo,  Edin.,  1836-40 ;  ditto,  1840,  '41,  1841,  8vo, 
by  Dunlop  and  Donaldson. 

Dunlop,  Alexander,  1684-1742,  an  American,  Pro 
fessor  of  Greek,  Univ.  Glasgow.  Greek  Grammar,  1736  j 
many  edits.  Long  used  in  the  Scotch  universities. 

Dunlop,  Alexander.  Treatise  on  the  Law  of  Scot 
land  relative  to  the  Poor,  Edin.,  1828,  8vo. 

"  Decidedly  the  best  work  on  the  subject." — McCuttoch's  Lit.  of 
Polit.  Economy. 

Answer,  Ac.  rel.  to  Claims  Ch.  of  Scotland,  3d  ed.,  1840, 
8vo.  Law  of  Patronage  of  Parochial  Ministers  in  Scot 
land,  8vo.  Parochial  Law  in  Scotland,  3d  ed.,  1841,  8vo. 
•  "  As  an  able  and  accurate  exposition  of  the  law,  Mr.  Dunlop's 
Treatise  deserves  every  commendation,  and  may  be  considered  as 
our  safest  authority."—!  Ed.  L.  J.,  218. 

Dunlop,  James.  Laws  of  Pennsylvania,  1700-1853, 
chronologically  arranged,  with  Notes  and  References  to  all 
the  Decisions  of  the  Supreme  Ct.  of  Penna.,  giving  con 
struction  to  said  Laws,  with  a  copious  Index,  3d  ed.,  Phila., 
1853,  8vo.  Highly  commended  by  the  Hon.  Judges  Gib 
son,  Grier,  Coulter,  Rogers,  Burnside,  Woodward,  Thomp 
son,  Hepburn,  Lowrie,  &c.  Digest  of  the  General  Laws 
of  the  U.  States,  Phila.,  1858,  r.  8vo.  Highly  commended. 

Dunlop,  John.  1.  History  of  Fiction,  Lon.,  1814,  3 
vols.  p.  8vo:  2d  ed.,  1816;  3d,  1845. 

"  He  has  executed  a  defective  plan,  in  what  we  are  inclined  to 
think  rather  a  superficial  manner." — Lon.  Quar.  Rev.,  xiii.  384. 

"  Upon  the  whole,  though  we  wish  to  see  the  History  of  Fiction 
executed  on  a  very  different  plan,  and  with  a  greater  spirit  of  philo 
sophical  inquiry  and  critical  acuteness,  we  recommend  the  present 
publication  as  an  agreeable  and  curious  Miscellany,  which  disco 
vers  uncommon  information  and  learning." — Edin.  Rev.,  xxiv.  58. 


DUN 


DUN 


2.  History  of  Roman  Literature,  1823-28,  3  vols.  8vo.  I 
3.  Memoirs  of  Spain  during  the  Reigns  of  Philip  IV.  and 
Charles  II.,  1621-1700,  Edin.,  1834,  2  vols.  8vo.     If  the 
reader  will  procure  this  work,  Watson's  Philip  II.  and 
III.,  Robertson's  Charles  V.,  and  Coxe's  Bourbon  Kings,  j 
he  will  have  a  continuous  history  of  Spain  to  1788. 

"  Mr.  Dunlop's  work  abounds  with  important  instruction  to  the 
philosopher  and  the  politician;  and  we  gladly  acknowledge  our 
obligations  for  this  valuable  contribution  to  Spanish  history.  He 
has  collected  matter  previously  dispersed  through  a  great  number 
of  works,  into  one  consecutive,  agreeable,  and  lively  narrative."— 
Lon.  Atherufum. 

Mr.  Dunlop  has  pub.  some  other  works. 
1)  11  ii lop,  Robert  Glasgow.      Travels  in   Central 
America,  with  Journal,  Ac.,  Lon.,  1837,  p.  8vo. 

"  It  abounds  with  valuable  statistical  and  general  information 
of  the  towns,  the  people,  the  climate,  and  the  products." — Colonial 
Magazine. 

"  Solid  information  is  the  distinguishing  feature  of  the  above." — 
Lon.  Spectator. 

Dunlop,  Wm.,  1692-1720,  a  native  of  Glasgow,  Prof. 
of  Divinity  and  Ch.  History,  Univ.  Edinburgh,  1716. 

A  Collection  of  Confessions  of  Faith,  Catechisms,  Direc 
tions,  Books  of  Discipline,  <fcc.  of  publick  authority  in  the 
Ch.  of  Scotland,  with  the  Acts  of  Assembly.  <fcc.,  Edin., 
1719-20,  2  vols.  sm.  8vo.  A  most  valuable  work.  Some 
copies  of  the  preface  were  struck  off  separately,  under  the 
title  of  A  Full  Account  of  the  several  ends  and  uses  of 
Confessions  of  Faith,  <fec.,  1721,  8vo;  again,  1775,  12mo. 
"  Sensible  and  scriptural." — Bickersleth's  Chris.  Student. 
It  was  answered  by  Moses  Lowman  in  1721,  8vo.  Serms. 
and  Lectures,  2  vols.  8vo;  1716-22;  again,  1725.  Glasg., 
1747,  2  vols.  12mo.  Though  Professor  Dunlop  died  at  the 
early  age  of  28,  he  had  attained  great  reputation  as  a 
powerful  and  pathetic  preacher: 

"  When  he  preached,  he  had  very  crowded  and  attentive  audito 
ries.  When  he  flamed  in  the  pulpit,  and  triumphed  over  his  cap 
tivated  hearers,  it  was  not  by  mere  artificial  rhetoric,  but  from  the 
real  sentiment  and  affections  of  his  own  soul  transferred  into  theirs. 
Argumentative,  copious,  and  fervent." — Dr.  E.  Wittiams's  Chris. 
Preacher. 

Dunn*  Index  to  the  Journals  of  the  H.  of  Commons, 
vol.  xxv.  to  lv.,  inclusive,  Lon.,  2  vols.  fol.  Comes  down 
to  end  of  the  year  1800. 

Dunn,  Lady.     Recluse,  a  Novel,  2  vols.  r.  12mo. 
Dunn,  Edward.    V.  Disease,  Lon.,  1724,  8vo. 
Dunn,  Edward.     Theolog.,  <fec.  works,  1796-99. 
Dunn,  Henry.    Educational  works,  Ac.,  1829-48. 
Dunn,  John.    Manners,  Customs,  and  Usages,  Ac.  of 
the  Nations  of  Asia,  Africa,  and  America,  from  the  French 
of  Lambert,  Lon.,  1750,  2  vols.  8vo. 
Dunn,  Sir  Patrick.     His  Case,  Ac.,  fol. 
Dunn,  S.     Theolog.  and  biog.  works,  1837-47. 
Dunn,  Samuel,  Prof,  of  Mathemat.  at  Crediton  and 
Chelsea,  pub.  several  works  upon  astronomy,  navigation, 
mathematics,  <fec.,  1759-93,  and  papers  in  Phil.  Trans., 
1761-64. 

Dunne,  Charles.  The  Chirurgical  Candidate,  or  re 
flections  on  surgical  education,  Lon.,  1808,  8vo. 

Dunne,  John.  Notices  rel.  to  some  of  the  Native 
Tribes  of  N.  America;  in  Trans.  R.  Irish  Acad.,  1803. 

Dunning,  Capt.  Scheme  for  preventing  the  Progress 
of  the  Plague,  fol. 

Dunning,  John,  Lord  Ashburton,  1731-1783,  one  of 
the  most  distinguished  of  modern  lawyers.  Defence  of 
the  United  Company  of  Merchants,  being  an  answer  to  the 
Dutch  Memorial,  1762,  4to.  Letters  to  the  Proprietors  of 
the  E.  India  Stock,  occasioned  by  Lord  Clive's  Letter  on 
his  Jaghire,  1764,  8vo. 

Dunning,  Richard.  Office  of  Overseer  of  the  Poor, 
1686. 

Dunning,  Richard.     Cow  Pox,  Ac.,  1800-06. 
Dunscombe,  T.     Tribute  to  Dr.  Evans,  1792,  8vo. 
Dunsford,  Martin,  d.  1807.     Hist.  Memoir  of  the 
Town  and  Parish  of  Tiverton,  2d  ed.,  Lon.,  1790,  4to. 

Duns  Scotus,  John,  supposed  to  have  been  born 
about  1265,  died  at  Cologne,  1308,  is  believed  to  have  been 
a  native  of  Dunstance,  near  Alnwick,  Northumberland. 
Others,  however,  claim  him  as  a  native  of  Dunse,  Berwick 
shire,  Scotland,  and  still  others  assert  him  to  have  been  an 
Irishman.  Whilst  young  he  joined  the  Minorite  friars, 
who  sent  him  to  Oxford,  where  he  was  admitted  into  Mer- 
ton  College,  of  which  he  became  Fellow.  In  1301  he  suc 
ceeded  William  Varron  as  Profes.  of  Theology  at  Oxford, 
and  taught  with  such  eloquence  and  acceptance,  that  30,000 
scholars  thronged  around  his  chair.  We  cannot,  however, 
vouch  for  the  correctness  of  the  numbers.  In  1304  he  re 
moved  to  Paris,  and  about  1307  was  placed  at  the  head  of 
the  theological  school  of  that  famed  city  of  learning.  He 
is  said  to  have  been  the  first  teacher  of  the  doctrine  of  the 


immaculate  conception  of  the  Virgin  Mary.  He  was  for 
some  time  a  follower  of  Thomas  Aquinas,  but  differing 
from  him  on  the  question  concerning  the  efficacy  of  divine 
grace,  he  established  a  new  school :  the  disputes  of  the 
Thomists  and  Scotists  henceforth  are  matters  of  history, 
trifling  as  their  subjects  often  were.  Scotus  was  so  noted 
for  his  acuteness  as  to  acquire  the  name  of  the  "  Subtle 
Doctor."  He  wrote  many  works  on  theology,  on  metaphy 
sics,  &c.,  a  collective  edit,  of  which  (save  a  few  still  in  MS.) 
was  pub.  by  Luke  Wadding  in  1639,  Lyons,  12  vols.  fol. 

The  reader  who  wishes  to  sharpen  his  wits  in  dialectics 
will  find  ample  employment  in  these  volumes  for  the  long 
evenings  of  several  winters.  To  encourage  him  to  embark 
upon  so  fascinating  an  amusement,  we  give  a  specimen  of 
the  eulogies  which  were  lavished  upon  the  Subtle  Doctor 
by  his  followers : 

"  He  was  so  consummate  a  philosopher,  that  he  could  have  been 
the  inventor  of  philosophy,  if  it  had  not  before  existed.  [How  un 
fortunate!]  His  knowledge  of  all  the  mysteries  of  Religion  was 
so  profound  and  perfect,  that  it  was  rather  intuitive  certainty  than 
belief.  He  described  the  divine  nature  as  if  he  had  seen  God; — 
he  attributes  of  celestial  spirits  as  if  he  had  been  an  angel; — the 
felicities  of  a  future  state  as  if  he  had  enjoyed  them ;— and  the 
ways  of  providence  as  if  he  had  penetrated  into  all  its  secrets.  He 
rrote  so  many  books,  that  one  man  is  hardly  able  to  read  them ; 
,nd  no  one  man  is  able  to  understand  them.  He  would  have 
written  more,  if  he  bad  composed  with  less  care  and  accuracy. 
Such  was  our  immortal  Scotus,  the  most  ingenious,  acute,  and  sub- 
lie  of  the  sons  of  men." 

See  Bale,  Pits,  and  Tanner;  Cave,  vol.  ii. ;  Henry's  Hist, 
of  Great  Britain ;  Wood's  Annals ;  Mackenzie's  Scotch  Wri 
ters  ;  Biog.  Brit. ;  Bruckeri  Hist.  Philos.,  torn,  iii.,  p.  828. 
The  candid  confession  that  no  man  could  understand,  the 
Subtle  Doctor's  profundities  reminds  us  of  a  saying  attri 
buted  to  Hegel,  when  dying; — that  of  all  his  numerous 
disciples  only  one  had  understood  him, — and  he  misunder 
stood  him ! 

Dunstable,  John,  d.  1458,  an  English  musician,  au 
thor  of  De  Mensurabili  Musica,  quoted  by  Morley,  Fran- 
chinus,  and  Ravenscroft,  but  now  lost.  The  two  last  give 
some  fragments  of  Dunstable's  musical  compositions.  In 
the  Bodleian  Library  there  is  a  geographical  tract  by  Dun- 
stable. 

Dunstan,  St.,  925-988,  a  native  of  Glastonbury,  So 
mersetshire,  Bishop  of  Worcester,  of  London,  and  finally 
Archbishop  of  Canterbury  about  959,  extended  the  Papal 
influence  throughout  England,  and,  as  the  representative 
of  Rome,  ruled  the  kingdom  with  a  rod  of  iron.  But 
Ethelred  was, not  so  easily  governed  as  his  predecessor 
Edgar  had  been,  and  Dunstan  retired  to  his  cloisters  to  die 
of  chagrin  and  mortification.  A  vol.  of  his  works  was 
pub.  at  Douay  in  1626,  8vo,  and  Launcelot  Colston  pub.  one 
of  his  treatises  with  the  Philosophia  Maturata,  Lon.,  1668, 
12mo. 

Dunstanville,  Francis,  Lord  De.  Carew's  Survey 
of  Cornwall,  Lon.,  1811,  4to.  See  CAREW,  RICHARD. 
Speech  at  the  County  Meeting  of  Bodmin,  1809,  8vo. 

Dunstar,  Samuel.  Anglia  Rediviva;  being  a  full 
description  of  all  the  Shires,  Cities,  Principal  Towns,  and 
Rivers  in  England,  Lon.,  1669,  8vo. 

Dunster,  Charles,  Rector  of  Petworth,  Sussex.  Mil 
ton's  Paradise  Regained,  with  Notes,  Lon.,  1795,  4to.  Con 
siderations  on  Milton's  Early  Reading,  and  the  Prima 
Stamina  of  his  Paradise  Lost,  1800,  8vo.  A  valuable  work. 
He  gives  extracts  from  Joshua  Sylvester's  works.  Observ. 
on  St.  Luke's  Gospel,  1805,  8vo;  on  St.  Matthew's,  1806, 
8vo;  on  St.  Luke's,  1808,  8vo.  Synopsis  of  the  three  first 
Gospels,  &e.,  1812,  r.  8vo.  Other  works. 

Dunster,  Rev.  D.  Trans,  of  Drexelius  on  Eternity, 
edited  by  Rev.  H.  P.  Dunster,  Lon.,  1844,  12mo. 

"  Of  singular  merit,  and  excellently  adapted  to  awaken  the  at 
tention  to  a  subject  so  important." 

Dunster,  H.  P.  Stories  from  Froissart,  Lon.,  1847, 
18mo.  See  BERNERS,  LORD.  Fragments  of  History,  12mo. 
Dunster,  Henry,  d.  1659,  first  President  of  Harvard 
College,  in  conjunction  with  Richard  Lyon,  improved  the 
new  version  of  the  Psalms  made  by  Eliot,  Welde,  and  Ma 
ther,  printed  in  1640. 

Dunster,  Samuel,  D.D.  Trans,  of  Horace's  Satires 
and  Art  of  Poetry  into  English  verse.  Serm.,  Lon.,  1708, 
8vo. 

Dunstervill,  Edward.    Funl.  Serm.,  1642. 
Dunthorne,  Rev.  Richard,  1711-1775.  Astronomi 
cal  con.  to  Phil.  Trans.,  1747,  '49,  '51,  '62. 

Dunton,  John.  A  True  lovrnall  of  the  Sally  Fleet, 
Lon.,  1637,  4to.  See  Oxford  Collec.  Voy.  and  Trav. 

Dunton,  John,  1659-1733,  an  eccentric  bookseller, 
being  unsuccessful  in  business,  turned  author,  and  pub. 
several  works.  The  Dublin  Scuffle,  1699,  8vo. 


DUP 

"This  curious  production  may  be  considered  as  the  earliest  at 
tempt  at  Irish  topography." 

The  Athenian  Mercury,  or  a  Scheme  to  answer  a  Series 
of  Questions  Monthly,  the  Querist  remaining  concealed. 
Continued  to  about  20  vols. ;  reprinted  by  Bell,  under  the 
title  of  The  Athenian  Oracle,  1728,  4  vols.  Svo;  abridged, 
1820,  8vo.  Athenianism,  or  the  Projects  of  Mr.  John 
Dunton.  This  contains  600  Treatises  in  Prose  and  Verse, 
The  Life  and  Errors  of  Mr.  John  Dunton,  with  the  Lives 
and  Characters  of  more  than  a  thousand  Contemporary 
Divines,  and  other  Persons  of  Literary  Eminence,  Lon., 
1705,  8vo.  We  here  find  an  account  of  his  visit  to  Boston, 
New  England,  (in  1685,)  where  he  resided  for  8  months, 
and  sketches  of  the  ministers,  booksellers,  and  other  citi 
zens  of  Boston  and  Salem.  New  edit.,  with  selections  from 
Dunton's  other  works,  1818,  2  vols.  Svo.  Religio  Biblio- 
polae,  or  the  Religion  of  a  Bookseller,  1728,  Svo.  See 
BRIDGWATER,  BEXJAMIN.  x  The  Danger  of  Living  in  a 
Known  Sin,  and  the  Hazard  of  a  Death-Bed  Repentance, 
1738,  Svo.  See  a  list  of  Dunton's  many  pieces  in  Lowndes's 
Bibl.  Man. 

"  Dunton's  Life  and  Errors  is  a  most  curious  Work,  abounding 
in  Literary  History  of  an  interesting  nature." — Noble's  Granger. 

Duponceau,  Peter  S.,  1760-1844,  a  native  of  the 
Isle  of  Rhe,  on  the  western  coast  of  France,  was  for  some 
time  secretary  to  Count  de  Gebelin,  author  of  the  Monde 
Primitif.  Baron  Steuben,  however,  prevailed  upon  him  to 
resign  this  quiet  post,  and  accompany  him  to  America  as 
his  secretary  and  aide-de-camp.  They  landed  at  Ports 
mouth,  New  Hampshire,  Dec.  1,  1777,  and  on  the  18th 
February  ensuing,  Mr.  Duponceau  was  appointed  a  captain 
by  brevet  in  the  army  of  the  United  States.  In  1780  his 
ill  health  obliged  him  to  leave  the  army,  and  in  October, 
1781,  he  was  appointed  secretary  to  Robert  R.  Livingston, 
head  of  the  Department  of  Foreign  Affairs.  After  holding 
the  office  for  about  19  months,  Mr.  Duponceau  commenced 
the  study  of  the  law,  and  was  admitted  an  attorney  in 
June,  1785.  In  his  new  profession  he  soon  rose  to  great 
eminence,  and  felt  unwilling  to  resign  his  increasing  busi 
ness  for  the  office  of  Chief  Justice  of  Louisiana,  which 
was  tendered  to  him  by  President  Jefferson.  Mr.  Dupon 
ceau  remained  a  resident  of  Philadelphia  until  his  death, 
taking  an  active  interest  in  legal,  philosophical,  and  philo 
logical  pursuits,  and  esteeming  as  not  the  least  of  the  re 
wards  of  his  labours,  an  election  to  a  Corresponding  Mem 
bership  of  the  French  Institute.  The  same  learned  body 
awarded  to  him  the  prize  of  "  Linguistique,"  founded  by 
Volney,  for  a  Memoir  on  the  Indian  Languages  of  North 
America,  (in  French,)  which  was  subsequently  pub.  in  Paris. 
Mr.  D.  pub.  several  other  works,  and  was  the  author  of 
many  memoirs  communicated  to  literary  and  scientific 
societies,  addresses,  essays,  and  minor  pieces.  See  Encyc. 
Amer.,  xiv.  242.  A  Dissertation  on  the  Nature  and  Ex 
tent  of  the  Jurisdiction  of  the  Courts  of  the  U.  States ;  to 
which  are  added  a  brief  Sketch  of  the  National  Judiciary 
Powers  exercised  in  the  United  States  prior  to  the  adoption 
of  the  present  Federal  Constitution,  by  Thomas  Sergeant, 
and  the  author's  Discourse  on  Legal  Education,  Phila., 
1824,  Svo. 

"  A  work  that  should  be  profoundly  studied  by  all  American 
authors." — N.  Amer.  Review,  xx.  63.  1825. 

"  The  learned  author  of  this  Dissertation  is  well  known  as  a 
scholar  and  a  philosopher,  who  thinks  deeply  and  accurately.  The 
volume  has  been-  extensively  read,  and  will  continue  so  to  be." — 
Hoffman's  Legal  Student,  568. 

Eulogium  in  Commendation  of  the  Hon.  W.  Tilghman, 
Chief  Justice  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  Penna.,  1827,  Svo. 
A  brief  View  of  the  Constitution  of  the  United  States,  ad 
dressed  to  the  Law  Academy  of  Philadelphia,  1834,  12mo. 
Dissertation  on  the  Nature  and  Character  of  the  Chinese 
System  of  Writing,  1838.  This  was  the  last  of  his  works. 
He  contends  that  the  Chinese  language  is  not  ideographic, 
as  was  generally  maintained,  but  lexigraphic.  See  a  review, 
N.  Amer.  Rev.,  xlviii.  271. 

A  specimen  of  Mr.  Duponceau's  philological  criticism 
may  be  seen  in  his  Notes  to  the  new  edit,  of  John  Eliot's 
Grammar  of  the  Massachusetts  Indian  Language,  Boston, 
1822,  Svo.  This  is  a  reprint  of  Eliot's  Indian  Grammar, 
pub.  in  1666. 

Dupont,  John.     Serm.,  Lon.,  1757,  Svo. 

Duport,  James,  D.D.,  1606-1679,  an  eminent  Greek 
scholar,  educated  at,  and  Fellow  of,  Trinity  College,  Cam 
bridge,  Regius  Prof,  of  Greek,  1632 ;  Master  of  Magdalen 
College,  Cambridge,  1668.  Gnomologia  Homeri,  1660. 
Tres  Libri  Salomonis,  Ac.,  1646, 12mo.  Metaphrasis  Libri 
Psalmorum,  <fcc.,  1666,  4to.  Musse  Subsecivse,  1676,  Svo. 
Serm.,  1660,  4to.  Three  Serms.,  1676,  4to.  Lectures  on 
Theophrastus's  Characters,  1712. 


DUE 

Duport,  John,  d.  1617,  Preb.  of  Ely,  1609,  was  one 
of  the  trans,  of  K.  James's  version  of  the  Bible. 

Duppa,  Brian,  1588-1662,  educated  at  Christ  Church, 
Oxford,  Bishop  of  Chichester,  1638;  trans,  to  Salisbury, 
1641 ;  Bishop  of  Salisbury,  1660.  1.  The  Soul's  Soliloquies, 
1648,  Svo.  2.  Angels  Rejoicing  for  Sinners  Repenting, 
1648,  4to.  Both  the  above  are  sermons.  3.  A  Guide  for 
the  Penitent,  1660,  Svo.  4.  Holy  Rules  and  Helps  to  De 
votion,  1674, 12mo.  He  is  said  to  have  assisted  K.  Charles 
in  composing  the  Eikon  Basilike. 

Duppa,  Richard,  d.  1831,  aged  64,  educated  at  Trin. 
Coll.,  Oxf.  Journal  at  Rome,  Lon.,  1799,  Svo.  12  Heads 
from  the  Last  Judgment  of  M.  Angelo,  1801,  imp.  fol. 
Head  from  Raffaelo,  1803,  fol.  Life  and  Works  of  Angelo, 
1806,  imp.  4to;  new  ed.,  1846.  Life  of  Raffaelo,  1816,  Svo. 
Price  of  Corn,  1815,  Svo.  Introduc.  to  Greek,  1815,  Svo. 
Dr.  Johnson's  Diary  into  N.  Wales,  with  Notes,  1816,  Svo, 
incorporated  in  Croker's  Boswell  Travels  on  the  Continent, 
1829,  imp.  Svo.  Linnaean  System  of  Botany,  3  vols.  Svo. 
Other  works.  Mr.  Q.  De  Quincey's  Life  of  Raffaelo  is  in 
cluded  in  the  new  edit.  (1846,  Svo)  of  Duppa's  Life  of 
M.  Angelo. 

"  In  this  volume  we  have  combined  at  once  a  sketch  of  painting 
during  its  brightest  era,  and  an  account  of  the  two  great  masters 
who  may  emphatically  be  described  as  the  restorers  of  art  in  Eu 
rope." — Edin.  Review. 

Du  Pratz,  M.  Le  Page.  Hist,  of  Louisiana,  or  of 
the  Western  Parts  of  Virginia  and  Carolina,  Lon.,  1763,  2 
vols.  Svo. 

"  This  author  seems  to  have  paid  particular  attention  to  geology, 
mineralogy,  and  other  branches  of  natural  history." — Lmvndes's 
Bibl.  Man. 

Dupre,  Edward.     Serm.,  1782,  4to. 

Dupre,  John,  D.D.,  d.  1835,  aged  82.  Serm.,  1781, 
4to.  Serms.,  1782-87,  2  vols.  Svo.  Discourses,  1815,  2 
vols.  Svo. 

Dupre,  Wm.    Lexicographia  Neologico-Gallica,  1801. 

Dupuis,  Joseph.  Journal  of  a  Residence  in  Ashan- 
tee,  Lon.,  1824,  4to. 

"  These  papers  throw  much  light  on  the  subject  of  African  dis 
covery,  and  will  be  of  great  use  to  future  travellers." 

"  The  work  of  a  man  of  considerable  talent." — Edin.  Review. 

Dupuis,  Thomas  S.,  1733-1796,  an  English  musical 
composer.  Two  of- his  anthems  will  be  found  in  Page's 
Harmonia  Sacra.  A  selection  from  his  works  was  pub.  in 
2  vols.  by  his  pupil,  Mr.  Spencer,  nephew  and  son-in-law 
of  the  Duke  of  Marlborough. 

Dupuy,  Eliza  A.,  born  at  Petersburg,  Va.,  a  descend 
ant  of  one  of  the  oldest  Huguenot  families  in  that  State. 
She  has  written  many  works,  of  which  the  following  are 
the  principal :  1.  The  Conspirator;  of  this  there  have  been 
24,000  copies  sold.  2.  Emma  Walton,  or  Trials  and  Tri 
umphs.  3.  Celeste.  4.  Florence,  or  the  Fatal  Vow.  5.  Sepa 
ration.  6.  Concealed  Treasure.  7.  Ashleigh.  8.  The 
Country  Neighbourhood,  N.  Y.,  1855. 

Duquery,  Henry.  Speech  in  H.  of  Commons  on  Ne 
gotiation  with  France,  1795,  Svo. 

Duquesne,  M.  Voyage  to  the  E.  Indies,  1690,  '91,  a 
descrip.  of  Maldives,  Cocos,  Andaman t,  Ac.,  Lon.,  1696. 

Durand,  David,  1679-1763,  a  native  of  Languedoc, 
pastor  of  the  French  Church  in  the  Savoy,  London,  pub.  a 
number  of  works  upon  theology,  painting,  natural  history, 
&c.,  1717-53.  Serms.,  Rotterdam,  1711,  sm.  Svo.  Hist, 
du  seizieme  Siecle,  Lon.,  1725-32,  7  parts,  Svo. 

Durant,  J.     Coal  Mine,  <fec.,  Phil.  Trans.,  1746. 

Durant,  John,  b.  1620,  a  Nonconformist  divine, 
ejected  1662.  Salvation  of  the  Saints,  Lon.,  1653,  Svo. 

"  A  delightful  millenarian  writer." 

Six  Serms.,  1655,  Svo.  Spiritual  Seamen,  1655.  Comfort 
and  Counsel,  1658,  Svo.  Altum  Silentium,  1659,  12mo.  A 
Cluster  of  Grapes  taken  out  of  the  Basket  of  the  Woman 
of  Canaan ;  being  the  sum  of  certain  Serms.,  1660,  Svo. 

Durant,  John.     Art  in  Nature,  1697,  Svo. 

Duranti,  Saml.     Serms.,  1623,  Svo. 

Durbin,  J.  P.,  D.D.,  a  distinguished  Methodist  divine, 
was  born  in  Bourbon  county,  Kentucky,  in  1800;  entered 
Miami  University,  1822;  subsequently  studied  at  the  col 
lege  in  Cincinnati,  and  was  appointed  Professor  of  Lan 
guages  in  Augusta  College,  Ky. ;  Chaplain  U.  States  Senate, 
1831;  editor  Christian  Advocate  and  Journal,  1832;  Pre 
sident  of  Dickinson  College,  Carlisle,  1834-45 ;  received 
the  degree  of  D.D.,  1837 ;  visited  Europe,  Asia,  and  Africa, 
1842,  '43;  pastor  of  a  congregation  in  Phila.,  1845;  Secre 
tary  of  the  Board  of  Foreign  and  Domestic  Missions,  1850; 
this  office  he  still  retains,  (1858.)  He  has  been  elected  to 
the  general  conference  of  the  Church  on  four  several  occa 
sions,  viz. :  in  1844,  '48,  '52,  and  '56.  See  Men  of  the  Time, 
N.Y.,  1852.  Author  of  Observations  in  Europe,  principally 
in  France  and  Great  Britain,  N.  York,  1844,  2  vols.  12mo. 


DUR 

Highly  commended  as  combining  information  and  enter 
tainment  to  a  remarkable  degree.  Also,  Observs.  in  Egypt, 
Palestine,  Syria,  and  Asia  Minor,  1845,  2  vols.  12mo. 
Edited  the  American  edit  of  Wood's  Mosaic  History  of 
the  Creation,  with  copious  Notes,  New  York,  1831,  8vo. 
Contributed  to  sundry  periodicals.  For  further  particulars 
respecting  Dr.  Durbin,  see  the  National  Magazine,  pub.  by 
Messrs.  Carlton  and  Phillips,  New  York. 

Durel,  John,  D.D.,  1625-1683,  a  native  of  St.  Helier's, 
Isle  of  Jersey,  entered  Merton  Coll.,  Oxf.,  1640;  Preb.  of 
Salisbury  and  Canon  of  Windsor,  1663;  Dean  of  Windsor, 
1677.  During  the  Commonwealth  he  retired  to  France; 
at  the  Restoration  became  minister  of  the  French  Church 
in  the  Savoy,  London.  Respecting  the  Savoy,  see  Strype, 
Wood's  Athen.  Oxon.,  or  Cunningham's  Hand  Book  of 
London.  A  View  of  the  Govt.  and  Pub.  Worship  of  God 
in  Reformed  Churches  beyond  the  Seas;  wherein  is  shewed 
their  Conformity  and  Agreement  with  the  Ch.  of  England, 
Lon.,  1662,  4to;  abridged,  1705,  8vo.  This  book  excited 
a  warm  controversy ;  see  Athen.  Oxon.  Sanctse  Ecclesiae 
Anglicanse,  <fcc.,  1669,  4to.  Theoremata  Philosophise. 
Among  the  pieces  in  this  collection  is  a  French  trans,  of 
the  Whole  Duty  of  Man,  partly  written  by  Mrs.  Durel. 
The  Liturgy  of  the  Ch.  of  England  asserted,  in  a  Serm., 
preached  in  French;  trans,  into  English  by  G.  B.,  Lon., 
1662,  '68,  4to.  In  Latin,  1670,  8vo. 

Durell,  David,  D.D.,  1728-1775,  a  native  of  the  Isle 
of  Jersey,  educated  at  Pembroke  Coll.,  Oxf.,  became  Fel 
low  and  Principal  of  Hertford  Coll.  The  Hebrew  Text  of 
the  Parallel  Prophecies  of  Jacob  and  Moses,  relating  to 
the  twelve  Tribes,  with  trans.,  notes,  <fcc.,  Oxf.,  1764,  4to. 
Critical  Remarks  on  the  Book  of  Job,  Proverbs,  Psalms, 
Ecclesiastes,  and  Canticles.  See  an  analysis  of  this  work 
in  the  Lon.  Monthly  Review,  0.  S.,  xlvii.  119-129. 

"Many  of  the  observations  in  these  volumes  are  of  considerable 
value.  Dr.  Durell  was  a  bold  critic,  and  dealt  freely,  and  sometimes 
successfully,  in  emendations  of  the  text,  and  in  new  arrangements 
of  the  words  and  letters.  .  .  .  His  works  deserve  a  place  in  every 
critical  library."— Oi-me's  Bill.  Bib. 

Durell,  Philip.  A  Particular  Account  of  the  Taking 
of  Cape  Breton  from  the  French,  Lon.,  1745,  fol. 

Durfee,  Job,  1790-1847,  b.  in  Tiverton,  R.L  What- 
cheer;  a  Poem,  1832,  12mo.  Complete  Works  of,  with  a 
Memoir  by  his  Son,  Providence,  1849,  8vo. 

D'Urfey,  Thomas,  d.  at  an  advanced  age,  1723,  was 
a  descendant  of  an  ancient  French  Protestant  family  who 
settled  in  Exeter,  where  Tom — as  he  is  always  styled — first 
saw  the  light.  In  early  life  he  selected  the  law  as  a  pro 
fession  ;  but  a  taste  for  light  literature  indisposed  him  to 
serious  application  to  legal  research,  and  the  gay  company 
which  he  frequented  left  him  little  leisure  for  such  profit 
able  occupation  of  his  time.  Besides,  he  possessed  the 
dangerous  accomplishments,  seldom  combined,  of  being 
able  to  write  and  sing  a  good  song.  He  also  commenced 
composing  dramatic  pieces, — The  Siege  of  Memphis,  1672; 
Madam  Fickle,  1677;  Bussy  D'Ambois,  1691,  and  29 
others, — see  list  in  Biog.  Dramat, — which,  fortunately, 
are  now  forgotten. 

Towards  the  close  of  his  life  he  was  a  sufferer  from  the 
res  anguata  domi ;  and — to  quote  his  own  language — 
"after  having  written  more  odes  than  Horace,  and  about 
four  times  as  many  comedies  as  Terence,  he  found  himself 
reduced  to  great  difficulties  by  the  importunities  of  a  set 
of  men,  who  of  late  years  had  furnished  him  with  the  ac 
commodations  of  life,  and  would  not,  as  we  say,  be  paid 
with  a  song."  See  Guardian,  No.  67. 

By  -the  influence  of  Addison,  D'Urfey's  play  of  The 
Plotting  Sisters  was  acted  for  his  benefit,  and  seems  to 
have  produced  a  handsome  result  In  the  Guardian,  No. 
67,  Addison  makes  a  strong  appeal  for  a  good  benefit  to 
the  veteran  wit  and  poet  D'Urfey  excelled  in  song,  sa 
tires,  and  irregular  odes.  A  collection  of  these  was  pub. 
in  three  volumes,  under  the  singular  title  of  Laugh  and 
be  Fat,  or  Pills  to  Purge  Melancholy.  These  were  repub- 
hshed,  and  three  vols.  added,  by  subscription  in  1719,  '20, 
under  the  title  of  Wit  and  Mirth,  or  Pills  to  Purge  Melan 
choly,  6  vols.  12mo.  It  would  appear  that  to  the  first  col 
lection,  at  least,  there  had  been  other  contributors  besides 
D'Urfey. 

"I  cannot  sufficiently  admire  the  fecetious  title  of  these  volumes, 
and  must  censure  the  world  of  ingratitude,  while  they  are  so  negli 
gent  in  rewarding  the  jocose  labours  of  my  friend  Mr!  D'Urfey,  who 
was  so  large  a  contributor  to  this  treatise,  and  to  whose  humorous 
productions  so  many  rural  squires  in  the  remotest  parts  of  this 
island  are  obliged  for  the  dignity  and  state  which  corpulency  gives 
them."— SIB  RICHARD  STEELE  :  Guardian,  No.  29,April  14, 1713.  Hide 
si  sapis. 

A  collection  of  his  Poems,  consisting  of  Satyrs,  Elegies 
and  Odes,  was  pub.  in  1690,  8vo.  Stories,  Moral  and  Co- 


DUR 

|  mical,  1691,  8vo.     Tales,  Tragical  and  Comical,  1704,  8vo. 

I  New  Operas,  with  Comical  Stories  and  Poems,  1721,  8vo. 

I  See  Lowndes's  Bibl.  Man.  for  separate  publications.     To 

j  the  Essay  towards  the  Theory  of  the  Intelligible  World, 

I  Swift  is  said  to  be  indebted;  particularly  for  the  idea  of 

|  his  marbled  pages.     These  volumes  are  now  scarce.     Mr. 

Henry  G.  Bohn,  London,  some  years  since  advertised  a 

collection,  14  vols.  in  all,  uniformly  bound  in  morocco,  at 

£16  16s.     The  higher  such  books  are  held  in  price,  the 

|  better  for  the  public.     We  want  no  People's  Editions  of 

writers  of  this  class. 

D'Urfey's  Tory  songs  did  much  to  strengthen  the  royal 
cause,  and  his  Protestant  lays  helped  to  bring  popery  into 
|  disrepute.     In  the  style   both  of  his  personal  character 
I  and  his  writings,  no  man  could  have  better  suited  the  dis 
solute  circles  in  which  he  spent  his  youth  and  middle  age, 
than  Tom  D'Urfey. 

"  I  myself  remember  King  Charles  leaning  on  Tom  D'Urfey's 
shoulder  more  than  once,  and  humming  over  a  song  with  him.  It 
is  certain  that  monarch  was  not  a  little  supported  by  '  Joy  to  great 
Caesar,'  which  gave  the  whigs  such  a  blow  as  they  were  not  able 
to  recover  that  whole  reign.  My  friend  afterwards  attacked  popery 
with  the  same  success,  having  exposed  Bellarmine  and  Porto-Car- 
rero  more  than  once,  in  short  satirical  compositions  which  have 
been  in  every  body's  mouth.  .  .  .  Many  an  honest  gentleman  has 
got  a  reputation  in  his  country,  by  pretending  to  have  been  in  com 
pany  with  Tom  D'Urfey."— ADDISON:  Guardian,  No.  67,  May  28, 
1 1 13. 

Durham,  James,  1622  F-1658,  a  captain  in  the  army, 
was  ordained  a  minister  at  Glasgow,  1647 ;  Prof,  of  Di 
vinity  there,  1650.  Test,  to  the  Ch.  of  Scot,  1659,  8vo; 
Edin.,  1680,  12mo.  Expos,  of  Job,  Glasg.,  1659,  12mo. 
Revelation,  Amst,  1660;  Edin.,  1680,  4to;  Glasg.,  1788,4to. 

"  He  shortly  interprets  the  text,  endeavours  to  point  out  the 
application  of  the  distinct  prophecies,  and  supports  his  views  by 
historical  references.  He  also  occasionally  indulges  in  conjecture 
respecting  the  future." — Orme's  Bibl.  Bib. 

"Very  spiritual  and  evangelical." — EICKERSTETH. 

7th  ed.,  Glasg.,  1769,  8vo.  62  Sermons  on  Isaiah  liii., 
Edin.,  1683,  4to;  1723,  fol.  Clavis  Cantici;  or  an  Expos, 
of  the  Song  of  Solomon,  Lon.,  1669,  4to;  Edin.,  1724,  4to: 
Aberd.,  1840,  8vo. 

','  A  favourite  work  with  those  persons  who  enter  fully  into  the 
mystical  design  of  the  sacred  writer,  and  approve  of  its  entire  ap 
plication  to  Christ  and  the  church." — ORME  :  ubi  supra. 

Expos,  of  the  Ten  Commandments,  Lon.,  1675,  4to. 
The  Unsearchable  Riches  of  Christ,  Glasg.,  1685,  12rno. 
Heaven  upon  Earth,  Edin.,  1685,  12mo. 

"  The  expository  works  of  Durham  are  highly  respectable,  not 
for  their  display  of  learning  or  critical  knowledge,  but  for  their 
good  sense,  enlightened  piety,  and  practical  acquaintance  with  the 
Scriptures." — ORME  :  ubi  supra. 

Durham,  James.  7  Serms.  on  Rev.  xiv.  13,  with  a 
vindication  of  W.  Guthrie,  Lon.,  1682,  12mo. 

Durham,  James  George.  Christ'y  the  Friend  of 
Man,  Lon.,  1803,  8vo.  The  Providence  of  God,  1804,  8vo. 

Durham,  Simeon  of.     See  SIMEON. 

Durham,  Win.,  1611-1686,  a  native  of  Gloucester 
shire,  Rector  of  St.  Mildred's,  London,  Ac.  Family  In 
struction.  Life  of  Dr.  Harris,  Prest  of  Trin.  Coll.,  Oxf., 
1660,  12mo.  Sermons  on  1  Cor.  xvi.  13,  Lon.,  1671,  4to; 
on  Hebrews  xiii.  16,  1679,  4to. 

Durivage,  Francis  Alexander,  b.  at  Boston,  1814. 
1.  Cyclopedia  of  History,  8vo,  pp.  780.  2.  Stray  Subjects, 
Phila.,  12mo.  3.  Life  Scenes,  Boston,  12mo.  4.  Trans 
lated,  in  connection  with  W.  S.  Chase,  Lamartine's  History 
of  the  Revolution  of  1848.  Mr.  D.  is  the  author  of  several 
Plays  and  Poems,  and  has  contributed  largely  to  the  pe 
riodical  literature  of  the  U.  S. 

Durnibrd,  Charles,  and  E.  H.  East.  Reports  in 
Ct  of  K.  B.,  1785-1800,  Lon.,  1787-1800,  8  vols.  fol.; 
1794-1802,  8  vols.  8vo.  New  ed.  (5th)  with  references, 
1817,  8  vols.  8vo.  3d  Amer.  ed.,  N.  York,  1834,  8  vols.  in 
4,  8vo.  Durnford  and  East  commenced  the  practice  of 
periodical  reports. 

"  These  gentlemen  have  acquired  a  great  share  of  approbation 
and  the  reputation  of  great  attention." — Bridg.  Leg.  Bib.,  105. 

No  English  Reports  are  more  frequently  cited  in  Ame 
rican  courts  than  those  of  Durnford  and  East. 

Durnford,  W.     Trafalgar;  a  Poem,  1807. 

Durston,  Win.,  M.D.  Med.  con.  to  Phil.  Trans.. 
1669,  '70. 

Dury,  Alex.     De  Terrse  Motu,  Genev.,  1721,  4to. 

Dury,  John,  a  Scotchman  and  a  Jesuit  Confutatio 
Responsionis  G.  Whitakeri,  <fec.,  Paris,  1582,  8vo. 

Dury,  John,  a  Scotch  divine,  who  laboured  to  unite 
the  Lutherans  and  the  Calvinists,  and  subsequently  to  pro 
mote  a  union  between  all  Christians.  Among  his  works 
are  Consultatio  theologico  super  negocio  Pacis  Ecclesiast, 
Lon.,  1641,  4to.  A  Model  of  Ch.  Government,  1647,  4to. 
Earnest  plea  for  Gospel  Communion,  1654.  Summary 


DUS 

Platform  of  Divinity,  1654.  See  a  list  of  others  in  Watt's 
Bibl.  Brit.  The  piety,  zeal,  and  excellent  design  of  Dury 
entitle  his  memory  to  great  respect.  See  Tanner ;  Mosheim  ; 
Benzelius's  Sketch  of  Dury,  Helmstadt,  1744 ;  Burnet'fl 
Life  of  Bedell;  Ward's  Gresham  Professors. 

Dusautoy,  Frederick.  20  Serms.  suitable  to  the 
times,  on  the  first  part  of  the  Book  of  Common  Prayer, 
Lon.,  1845,  12mo. 

Dusautoy,  J.  A.  Reckoner,  1805,  8vo. 
Dutens,  Lewis,  1729-1812,  a  native  of  Tours,  in 
France,  took  orders  in  the  Church  of  England,  and  became 
Rector  of  Elsdon,  Northumberland.  Among  his  works 
are  the  following :  Recherches  sur  1'Origine  des  Decou- 
yertes,  Ac.,  Paris,  1766,  2  vols.  Svo;  trans,  into  English, 
and  pub.  at  London,  1769,  8vo.  M6moires  d'un  Voyagenr, 
bc.—i.e.  Memoirs  of  a  Traveller  now  in  Retirement;  con 
taining  Historical,  Political,  and  Literary  Anecdotes  rela 
tive  to  Several  of  the  Principal  Personages  of  the  Age, 
Lon.,  1806,  3  vols.  8vo.  An  interesting  work.  Biblio- 
theque  Complete  et  Choisie  dans  toutes  les  Classes  et  dans 
la  plupart  des  Langues,  Lon.,  1812,  Svo.  See  a  notice  of 
these  and  other  works  of  Mr.  Dutens  in  Gent  Mag.,  Ixxxii., 
Pt.  2,  197,  and  a  long  Memoir  of  him,  afterwards  printed 
in  4to,  from  Mr.  Nichols,  in  same  vol.,  391. 

Dutfield,  James.     Moths,  Ac.,  1748,  '49,  4to. 
Duthy,  John.     1.  Provisions.     2.  Corn,  1800,  '01. 
Dutton,  Francis.     South  Australia  and  its  Mines, 
Lon.,  1846,  Svo. 

"The  best  book  which  has  yet  issued  from  the  press,  descriptive 
of  the  resources  of  this  thriving  colony."— ion.  Mining  Journal. 

Button,  H.  F.  History  made  Easy,  1799-1809,  3 
vols.  12mo. 

Dutton,  Hely.  Obs.  on  Archer's  Statis.  Survey  of 
the  Co.  of  Dublin,  Dubl.,  1802,  Svo.  Statis.  and  Agricult. 
Surveys  of  the  Counties  of  Clare  and  Galway,  Dubl.,  1809 
and  1814,  Svo. 

"The  condition  and  usages  of  these  remote  and  benighted  parts 
of  Ireland  are  very  sensibly  delineated  by  the  author,  who  seems 
to  have  well  known  the  statistics  and  circumstances  which  required 
the  representation." — Donaldson's  Agricult.  Biog. 

Dutton,  Henry.  Connecticut  Digest,  N.  Haven,  1833 
Svo.  The  arrangement  of  this  Digest  is  analytical  instead 
of  alphabetical,  viz. :  1st,  Rights  of  Persons  ;  2d,  Of  Things  ; 
3d,  Of  Wrongs  and  their  Remedies;  4th,  Of  Chancery; 
5th,  Of  Crimes. 

Dutton,  John,  alias  Prince  Dutton.  Farewell  to 
Temple-Bar,  1694,  4to. 

Dutton,  M.  R.,  1783-1S25,  of  N.  Haven,  Connecticut, 
pub.  a  Course  of  Mathematics. 

Dutton,  Matthew.  Abridgt.  of  Irish  Statutes,  Dubl., 
1718,  4to.  Office  of  Sheriffs,  &c.  in  Ireland,  1709,  '21, 
Svo.  Law  of  Landlord  and  Tenants  in  do.,  1726,  2  vols. 
Svo ;  of  Masters  and  Servants,  1723,  8vo ;  of  a  Justice  of 
the  Peace,  1726;  by  Warren,  1727,  Svo. 

"  Like  all  the  other  books  of  this  author,  it  merits  little  praise.1 
-Pre/,  to  Smyth's  Justice,  6. 

Dutton,  Thomas,  Guy  Nott,  and  John  Glover. 
Warnings  of  the  Eternal  Spirit  to  the  City  of  Edinburgh 
in  Scotland,  Lon.,  1710,  Svo. 

Dutton,  Thomas.  Pizarro  in  Peru,  from  the  German 
of  Kotzebue,  Lon.,  1799,  Svo.  The  Literary  Census;  a 
Satirical  Poem,  1798,  Svo.  The  Wise  Man  of  the  East;  a 
Satirical  Poem,  1800,  Svo.  Dramatic  Censor,  or  Weekly 
Review,  Lon.,  1800,  '01,  4  vols.  Svo.  Geo.  III.,  1802,  Svo, 
Other  works.  » 

Duval.     Digest  of  the  Laws  of  Florida,  1840. 
Duval,  Francis.     Reasons  for  refusing  to  continue  a 
member  of  the  Ch.  of  Rome,  and  for  joining  the  Ch.  of 
England ;  addressed  to  his  children,  Lon.,  1846,  12mo. 
Duval,  M.     Sup.  to  Smith's  Optics,  1785,  4to. 
Du  Val,  Michael.     Rosa  Hispani-Anglica,  <fec.,  4to 
.Duverger.     Works  on  French,  Lon.,  1784-1812. 
Duyckinck,  Evert  A.,  of  the  city  of  New  York,  has 
gained  considerable  reputation  as  a  critic  and  accomplishec 
essayist.     He  was  the  first  editor  of  the  New  York  Literary 
World,  (pub.  1847-53,)  and,  after  occupying  the  chair  for 
about  two  years,  resigned  his  post  to  Mr.  Charles  Fenno 
Hoffman.     In  about  a  year  after  this  change  Mr.  Duyckinck 
became  proprietor  and  again  editor  of  the  periodical.     He 
was  assisted  in  his   labours   by  his   brother,  George  L 
Duyckinck.      In    conjunction   with   his  friend   Cornelius 
Mathews,  Mr.  E.  A.  D.  edited  Arcturus,  a  Journal  of  Books 
and  Opinions.     This  periodical  was  continued  for  abou 
two  years.     Mr.  D.  has  also  contributed  to  the  New  York 
Quarterly  Review,  (pub.  1837-42,)  the  Democratic  Review 
ttie  Morning  News,  and  other  periodicals.     A  highly-com 
plimentary  notice  of  this  gentleman  will  be  found  in  E.  A 
Poe's  Literati.    Mr.  E.  A.  Duyckinck  and  his  brother,  Mr 


DWI 

George  L.  Duyckinck,  also  an  accomplished  scholar,  are 
the  authors  of  the  Cyclopedia  of  American  Literature, 
embracing  Personal  and  Critical  Notices  of  Authors,  and 
Selections  from  their  Writings,  from  the  Earliest  Period  to 
;he  Present  Day,  with  portraits,  autographs,  and  other 
^lustrations,  N.  York,  1856,  2  vols.  r.  Svo.  This  work  has 
>een  highly  commended  by  Washington  Irving,  Edward 
Everett,  Wm.  H.  Prescott,  Hon.  George  Bancroft,  and 
ther  eminent  scholars;  and  it  well  deserves  a  place  in 
every  American  library.  We  acknowledge  our  indebted 
ness  to  it  for  many  facts  in  regard  to  American  authors. 
Dr.  Griswold  wrote  a  criticism  on  it,  which  appeared  in 
the  New  York  Herald,  Feb.  13,  1856,  and  which  he  after 
wards  pub.  in  pamphlet  form.  Edited  Wit  and  Wisdom 
of  Sydney  Smith,  with  a  Memoir,  1856,  12mo. 

Duyckinck,  George  L.,  of  the  city  of  New  York, 
lias  contributed  a  number  of  essays  and  reviews  to  the 
periodicals  of  the  day.  Life  of  George  Herbert,  N.Y.,  1858. 
Dwarris,  F.  Juvenile  Essays  in  Verse,  1805.  A 
General  Treatise  on  the  Statutes,  their  rules  of  construc 
tion,  and  the  proper  Boundaries  of  Legislative  and  Judicial 
Interpretation,  Lon.,  1830,  '31,  2  vols.  Svo.  See  Lieber's 
Hermeneutics.  Criminal  Justice  in  the  W.  Indies,  1827,  Svo. 
D  wight,  Rev.  H.  G.  O.  Christianity  revived  in  the 
East,  N.  York,  12mo ;  Lon.,  1850,  p.  8vo.  Memoir  of  Mrs. 
Elizabeth  0.  Dwight,  N.  York,  12mo. 

Dwight,  Henry  C.,  of  New  Haven,  Conn.,  d.  1832. 
Travels  in  the  North  of  Germany  in  the  years  1825,  '26, 
N.  York,  1826. 

"This  work  contains  many  valuable  details,  not  unmingled, 
however,  with  mistakes,  which  a  longer  residence,  a  closer  obser 
vation,  or  more  preparatory  study,  might  have  enabled  a  foreign 
tourist  to  avoid." — North  American  Review^. 

Dwight,  John  S.,  Translator,  in  conjunction  with 
others,  of  Select  Minor  Poems  from  the  German  of  Goethe 
and  Schiller,  with  Notes,  Boston,  12mo,  pp.  439,  being  vol. 
iii.  of  Ripley's  Specimens  of  Foreign  Standard  Literature, 
Boston,  14  vols.  12mo. 

"With  a  proper  allowance  for  the  difficulties  of  the  task,  we 
may,  with  a  good  conscience,  congratulate  Mr.  Dwight  on  his  gene 
ral  success.  Many  of  the  translations  are  extremely  well  done." — 
GEORGE  BANCROFT,  in  N.  Amer.  Bev.,  xlviii.  506. 

Dwight,  M.  A.  Grecian  and  Roman  Mythology, 
with  Preface  by  Prof.  Tayler  Lewis,  N.  York,  1849,  12mo, 
and  some  on  large  paper,  Svo. 

"  Admirably  adapted  to  make  the  subject  intelligible  and  attract 
ive  to  teachers  and  pupils  in  classical  schools,  and  in  the  higher 
English  seminaries."— PROF.  W.  S.  TYLER,  of  Amherst  College. 

Dwight,  N.  Lives  of  the  Signers  of  the  Declaration 
of  Independence,  N.  York,  12mo. 

Dwight,  Samuel.  De  Vomitione,  Ac.,  Lon.,  1722, 
Svo.  De  Hydropibus,  1725,  Svo.  De  Febribus,  1731,  Svo. 
Dwight,  Sereno  O.,  D.D.,  1786-1S50,  a  native 
of '  Greenfield,  Connecticut,  was  a  son  of  Dr.  Timothy 
Dwight,  President  of  Yale  College.  In  1803  he  graduated 
at  Yale  College,  where  he  was  for  some  time  a  tutor.  He 
subsequently  studied  law,  which  he  resigned  for  divinity. 
His  best-known  publications  are  a  life  of  his  great-grand 
father,  Jonathan  Edwards,  and  an  edition  of  his  works, 
1830,  10  vols.  Svo;  and  the  Hebrew  Wife,  (an  Illustration 
of  the  Jewish  Laws  of  Marriage,)  pub.  in  1836.  See  In 
ternational  Mag.,  N.  York,  1850,  ii.  195.  A  vol.  of  Dr. 
Dwight's  Select  Discourses,  with  a  Memoir  of  his  Life,  by 
W.  T.  Dwight,  D.D.,  has  been  pub.  since  his  decease. 

Dwight,  Theodore.  Hist,  of  the  Hartford  Conven 
tion,  1833,  Svo.  See  N.  American  Rev.,  xxxix.  208.  Mr. 
Dwight  was  secretary  of  the  Convention.  Character  of 
Thomas  Jefferson,  1839,  12mo.  Diet,  of  Roots  and  Deri 
vations.  Schoolmaster's  Friend.  The  Father's  Book, 
12mo.  The  Roman  Republic  of  1849,  12mo. 

Dwight,  Theodore,  Jr.  Hist,  of  Connecticut,  N. 
York,  1841, 18mo.  Summer  Tour  in  Northern  and  Middle 
States. 

Dwight,  Timothy,  D.D.,  May  14,  1752-January  11, 
1817,  was  a  native  of  Northampton,  Massachusetts.  His 
father  was  a  merchant,  a  man  of  exemplary  character  and 
cultivated  mind,  who  had  been  so  fortunate  as  to  obtain  in 
marriage  the  hand  of  Mary,  the  third  daughter  of  the  cele 
brated  Jonathan  Edwards.  We  say  fortunate, — for  Mrs. 
Dwight  was  worthy  of  her  illustrious  parentage,  and  under 
her  assiduous  care  the  young  Timothy  had  more  than  the 
mere  name  to  remind  him  of  his  scriptural  namesake. 
When  13  years  of  age  he  entered  Yale  College,  and  in 
1769  graduated  with  distinguished  honours.  His  varied 
acquirements  eminently  qualified  him  for  the  office  of  tutor 
in  his  alma  mater;  and  when  he  resigned  this  post  at  the 
age  of  25,  the  students  almost  to  a  man  signed  a  petition 
to  the  corporation  that  he  should  be  called  to  the  presi 
dential  chair.  The  presentation  of  this  request  was  only 

635 


DWI 

prevented  by  the  interference  of  the  object  of  such  flatter- 
When  about  19,  Dwight  commenced  the  composition  of  | 
his  principal  poem,  an  epic  in  eleven  books,  entitled  The  j 
Conquest  of  Canaan ;  completed  in  1774,  when  the  author 
was  not  quite  23  years  of  age. 

"  We  are  inclined  to  think  there  is  something  too  unpoetical  in 
the  author's  adaptation  of  manners  to  the  persons  of  his  poem. 
He  has  studied  (to  use  his  own  words)  'a  medium  between  abso 
lute  barbarism  and  modern  refinement.  In  the  best  characters, 
he  has  endeavoured  to  represent  such  manners  as  are  removed 
from  the  peculiarities  of  any  age  or  country,  and  might  belong  to 
the  amiable  and  virtuous  of  every  age.'  .  .  .  Corresponding  with 
the  laws  which  the  author  prescribed  to  himself  in  his  Conquest 
of  Canaan,  he  made  every  thing  too  common.  There  is  little  that 
is  really  distinctive,  little  that  is  truly  oriental,  about  any  of  his 
persons  or  scenes.  A  certain  equable  current  of  unexceptionable, 
and  oftentimes  pleasing,  thoughts  and  expressions  flows  through 
the  poem.  It  is  occasionally  animated,  and,  in  description,  some-  • 
times  picturesque  and  poetical.  The  versification,  though  greatly 
monotonous,  having  little  variety  in  the  pauses,  is  for  the  most  j 
part  uncommonly  smooth.  In  the  expression  of  strong  emotion,  i 
there  is  avoidance  of  all  offensive  extravagance,  if  it  do  not  reach 
the  genuine  ardour  or  pathos  of  the  highest  order  of  poetry. 
Having  said  thus  much,  we  fear  we  have  said  all  that  is  due  to  this  | 
poetical  work;  nor  do  we  say  this  to  deduct  any  thing  from  the 
high  and  well-deserved  reputation  of  President  Dwight.  It  is  but 
the  lot  of  a  single  man  to  excel  in  every  thing;  and  it  is  often  our 
misfortune  to  make  a  false  estimate  of  our  own  powers,  and  to 
stake  too  much  of  our  intellectual  wealth  on  the  race  in  which  we 
are  unable  to  reach  the  goal.'' — S.  WILLARD,  N.  Amer.  Rev.,  vii.  347. 
"  Some  of  the  passages  which  I  have  quoted  from  the  Conquest 
of  Canaan  are  doubtless  equal  to  any  American  poetry  produced 
at  this  period."— Griswold's  Poets  and  Poetry  of  America,  to  which  j 
we  acknowledge  our  obligations  for  many  of  the  facts  narrated  in 
this  article. 

In  1777  Dwight  was  licensed  to  preach  in  the  Congrega 
tional  Church,  and  in  the  same  year  entered  the  army  as  a 
chaplain;  resigned  his  commission  in  1778;  became  pastor' 
of  the  Congregational  Church  in  Greenfield,  Conn.,  1783; 
President  of  Yale  College  from  1795  until  his  death  in 
1817.  Besides  acting  as  President,  Dr.  Dwight  discharged 
the  responsibilities  appertaining  to  the  posts  of  stated 
preacher,  professor  of  theology,  and  instructor  of  the  Se 
nior  Class.  The  following  is  a  list  of  his  works : 

1.  America,  a  Poem  in  the  style  of  Pope's  Windsor  Fo 
rest,  1772.  2.  The  History,  Eloquence,  and  Poetry  of  the 
Bible,  1772.  3.  The  Conquest  of  Canaan,  an  Epic  Poem, 
1785.  4.  An  Election  Sermon,  1791.  5.  The  Genuineness 
and  Authenticity  of  the  New  Testament,  1793.  6.  Green 
field  Hill,  a  Poem,  1794.  7.  The  Triumph  of  Infidelity,  a 
Satire,  1797.  8.  Two  Discourses  on  the  Nature  and  Dan 
ger  of  Infidel  Philosophy,  1797.  9.  Serm.  on  the  death  of 
Eliza  Goodrich,  1797.  10.  The  Duty  of  Americans  in  the 
Present  Crisis,  1798.  11.  Discourse  on  the  Character  of 
Washington,  1800.  12.  Discourse  on  some  Events  in  the 
last  Century,  1801.  13.  Serm.  on  the  death  of  E.  G.  Marsh, 
1804.  14.  Sermon  on  Duelling,  1805.  15.  Sermon  at  the 
Andover  Theolog.  Seminary,  1808.  16.  Serm.  on  the  ordi 
nation  of  E.  Pearson,  1808.  17.  Sermon  on  the  death  of 
Governor  Trumbull,  1809.  18.  Sermon  on  Charity,  1810. 

19.  Sermon   at   the   ordination   of  N.  W.  Taylor,   1812. 

20.  Serm.  oh  two  days  of  Public  Fasting,  1812.     21.  Serm. 
before  the  Amer.  Bd.  of  Foreign  Missions,  1813.     22.  Re 
marks  on  a  Review  of  Inchiquin's  Letters,  pub.  in  Lon. 
Quar.  Rev.  for  Jan.,  1814,  addressed  to  the  R.  H.  George 
Canning,  Esq.,  by  an  Inhabitant  of  New  England,  1815. 
23.  Observations  on  Language,  1816.     24.  Essay  on  Light, 
1816.     25.  Theology  Explained  and  Defended,  in  a  Series 
of  173  Sermons,  Middletown,  Conn.,  1818,  Ac.,  5  vols.  8vo; 
Lon.,  1819,  5  vols.  8vo;  1822,  5  vols.  8vo;  1823,  5  vols.  8vo ; 
1824,  5  vols.  18rno;  1827,  5  vols.  18mo;  1828,  6  vols.  24mo; 
1840,  5  vols.  18mo;  5  vols.  8vo;  1  vol.  imp.  8vo.     New 
Amer.  edit,  with  Memoir  of  the  Author,  N.  York,  1846,  4 
vols.  8vo.    26.  Serms.,  Edin.,  1828,  2  vols.  8vo.    27.  Travels 
in  New  England  and  New  York,  New  Haven,  1821,  4  vols. 
8vo;  N.  York,  1822,  4  vols.  8vo;  Lon.,  1823,  4  vols.  8vo. 

These  notes  of  travels  are  the  results  of  historical,  topo 
graphical,  and  statistical  collections  made  during  trips  in 
the  summer  vacations. 

"The  work  before  us,  though  the  humblest  in  its  pretences,  is 
the  most  importantof  his  writings,  and  will  derive  additional  value 
from  time,  whatever  may  become  of  his  poetry  and  of  his  sermons. 
...  A  wish  to  gratify  those  who,  a  hundred  years  hence,  might 
feel  curiosity  concerning  his  native  country,  made  him  resolve  to 
prepare  a  faithful  description  of  its  existing  state.  He  made  notes, 
therefore,  and  collected  on  the  spot.  .  .  .  The  remarks  upon  natu 
ral  history  are  those  of  an  observant  and  sagacious  man  who  makes 
no  pretensions  to  science;  they  are  more  interesting,  therefore, 
than  those  of  a  merely  scientific  traveller;  and,  indeed,  science  is 
not  less  indebted  to  such  observers,  than  history  to  the  faithful 
chroniclers  and  humbler  annalists  of  former  times." — ROBERT  SOU 
THEY,  in  Lon.  Quar.  Rev.,  xxx.  1. 

One  would  hardly  suppose,  from  the  disparaging  refer- 
536 


DYC 

ence  which  Mr.  Southey  makes  to  Dr.  Dwight's  "  Sermons," 
that  his  "Theology"  was  even  at  that  time  (1823)  in  high 
estimation  with  the  best  judges;  yet  such  was  the  case: 
nor  is  there  much  danger  that  this  profound  and  compre 
hensive  work  will  ever  lose  the  position  which  it  has  so 
justly  acquired: 

"No  production  of  the  transatlantic  press  has  met  with  so  fa 
vourable  a  reception  in  this  country,  and  experienced  so  extensive 
a  circulation,  as  this  work  of  President  Dwight.  Nor  is  its  popu 
larity  likely  to  be  ephemeral.  It  bears  the  impress  of  a  most  pow 
erful  mind,  and  will  pass  down  to  posterity,  both  in  the  Old  and 
New  World,  as  the  work  of  one  of  the  master-spirits  of  the  Chris 
tian  Church."—  Orme's  Bibl.  Bib. 

"  Few  books  have  been  more  cordially  received,  or  more  widely 
circulated,  than  this  work  of  Professor  Dwight.  The  doctrinal  sen 
timents  which  it  contains  are  those  of  moderate  Calvinism;  the 
arrangement  is  distinct  and  methodical,  [Mr.  Orme  thinks  other 
wise;]  the  general  st3'le  and  manner  chaste  and  neat,  well  adapted 
to  the  development  of  a  scheme  of  didactic  theology.  It  is  not 
a  work  of  extraordinary  depth  or  originality  of  thought;  but  is 
worth  reading,  and  is  very  useful  as  a  book  of  reference." —  Wil 
liams' s  Christian  Preacher. 

"Dwight's  theology,  while  we  agree  not  in  its  statements  on 
church  government,  and  long  to  see  in  it  more  of  that  divine  unc 
tion  which  draws  the  heart  to  the  full  enjoyment  of  communion 
with  God  in  Christ,  is  still  the  work  of  a  powerful  and  intelligent 
mind,  holding  scriptural  views  of  divine  truth." — £iclersteth's 
Christian  Student. 

The  reader  should  peruse  the  Life  of  Dr.  Dwight,  by  his 
son  Sereno  0.  Dwight,  D.D.,  (see  the  name,)  the  biography 
by  Dr.  Sprague,  and  consult  Griswold's  Prose  Writers  of 
America,  and  Poets  and  Poetry  of  America,  for  specimens 
of  the  compositions  of  a  writer  whose  name  casts  no  feeble 
lustre  upon  the  literary  annals  of  America. 

Dwyer,  P.  W.  The  Shield  of  G.  Brit,  and  Ireland; 
a  Poem,  Lon.,  1803,  4to.  The  Soldier  of  Fortune;  a  Co 
medy,  8vo. 

Dyason,  Wm.  Poet,  and  Prose  Works,  1804,  7  vols. 
Dyce,  Rev.  Alexander,  b.  at  Edinburgh,  June  30, 
1797,  is  a  son  of  General  Dyce,  who  was  attached  to  the 
East  India  service.  He  was  educated  at  Edinburgh  and 
Oxford ;  took  holy  orders,  and  served  as  curate  at  Lante- 
glos  in  Cornwall,  and  Nayland  in  Suffolk.  In  1827  he  made 
London  his  permanent  residence.  In  this  year  he  pub. 
Specimens  of  British  Poetesses,  selected  and  chronologi 
cally  arranged,  cr.  8vo.  The  Select  Translations  from 
Quintus  Smyrnaeus  gave  the  world  an  opportunity  to  judge 
of  Mr.  Dyce's  classical  scholarship,  and  he  has  evinced  his 
critical  acumen  and  intimate  acquaintance  with  the  myste 
ries  of  old  English  literature  by  his  editions  of  Greene, 
Webstei^  Shirley,  Middleton,  Skelton,  Beaumont  and 
Fletcher,  Marlowe,  Peele,  Bentley,  Collins,  Shakspeare, 
Pope,  Akenside,  Beattie,  Kemp's  Nine  Days'  Wonder,  the 
tragedies  of  Timon  and  Sir  Thomas  More,  Wotton's  Poems, 
Porter's  Angrie Women  of  Abington,  and  some  of  Dray- 
ton's  Poems.  To  these  must  be  added  Specimens  of  Eng 
lish  Sonnets  from  the  Earl  of  Surrey  to  Wordsworth, 
Remarks  on  Collier's  and  Knight's  editions  of  Shakspeare, 
A  Few  Notes  on  Shakspeare, — a  review  of  Mr.  Collier's 
newly-discovered  folio, — pub.  in  1853,  and  his  new  and 
complete  ed.  of  the  works  of  William  Shakspeare.  The 
text  revised.  With  account  of  the  Life,  Plays,  and  edi 
tions  of  Shakspeare,  Notes,  Ac.,  6  vols.  demi  8vo.  Fine 
Portrait,  from  the  Stratford  Bust.  Completed,  1858. 

"  The  long  and  anxiously  expected  labours  of  Mr.  Dyce  have  at 
last  furnished— what  was  most  wanted— an  edition  of  the  great 
poet  presenting  the  most  perfect  text  now  to  be  obtained,  with 
brief  annotations,  sufficient  for  all  practical  purposes." — Lon.  Athen. 
"Mr.  Dyce  not  unfrequently  injures  the  real  value  of  his  own 
knowledge  by  displaying  something  of  the  same  sneering  and 
self-satisfied  temper  with  which  Steevens  was  accustomed  to  assail 
his  brother  commentators."— Knight's  Eng.  Cyc.,  Div.  Biog.,  vol.  ii. 
Mr.  Dyce  is  said  to  be  now  engaged  upon  a  translation 
of  Athenaeus.  We  have  already  had  occasion  to  refer  to 
some  of  the  labours  of  this  industrious  commentator,  and 
shall  have  other  opportunities  as  we  pass  under  review  the 
authors  whose  merits  he  has  illustrated  and  whose  obscuri 
ties  he  has  explained.  As  to  the  erudition  and  critical 
taste  of  Mr.  Dyce  in  the  department  of  literature  which 
he  has  selected,  we  presume  there  will  be  no  question,  save 
perhaps  on  the  part  of  that  rivalry  which  is  always  slow 
to  perceive  merit  in  dissent.  The  following  brief  testi 
monies  from  three  eminent  authorities  must  suffice  for  the 
present  article : 

"  We  take  this  opportunity  of  expressing  our  very  high  opinion 
of  the  diligence,  skill,  and  judgment  of  the  Kev.  Alexander  Dyce, 
whose  editions  of  Peele,  Greene,  and  Webster,  leave  little  to  desire, 
and  still  less  to  improve." — Lon.  Quar.  Rev. 

«  We  think  that  no  materials  ever  laid  before  the  public  are  so 
well  calculated  to  advance  the  intelligent  study  of  our  immortal 
poet  [Shakspeare]  as  Mr.  Dyce's  unpretending  and  excellent  editions 
of  Peele  and  Greene." — Edin.  Rev. 

"The  acknowledged  reputation  of  Mr.  Dyce  as  a  reformer  of  cor- 


DYC 

rupt  texts  is  too  widely  extended  to  be  increased  by  our  eulogy. 
Suffice  it  then  to  state  that  he  has  spared  neither  industry  nor 
pains  to  produce  a  perfect  copy  of  these  immortal  dramas,  [Plays 
of  Beaumont  and  Fletcher."] — Lon.  Literary  Gazette. 

The  same  excellent  periodical  thus  compliments  Mr. 
Dyce's  late  publication — A  Few  Notes  on  Shakspeare,  1853 : 

"  Mr.  Dyce's  Notes  are  peculiarly  delightful,  from  the  stores  of  j 
illustration  with  which  his  extensive  reading,  not  only  among  our  j 
writers,  but  among  those  of  other  countries,  especially  of  the  Italian  j 
poets,  has  enabled  him  to  enrich  them.     All  that  he  has  recorded 
is  valuable.    We  read  his  little  volume  with  pleasure  and  close  it 
with  resrret." 

Dyche,  Thomas.  Educational  Works,  1710,  <&c. 
Dyckman,  Jacob,  M.D.,  1788-1822,  a  native  of 
Yonkers,  West  Chester  co.,  N.  York,  practised  medicine  in 
the  city  of  N.  York.  Pathology  of  Human  Fluids.  Dun 
can's  Dispensatory,  1818.  Adipocire;  Trans.  N.  Y.  Ly 
ceum.  He  contemplated  writing  a  work  on  the  Vegetable 
Materia  Medica  of  the  U.  States,  and  had  made  collections 
for  this  purpose. 

Dyde,  W.  Hist,  and  Antiq.  of  Tewkesbury,  Tewk., 
1790,  8vo;  2d  ed.,  with  addits.,  1798,  8vo. 

Dyer,  Sir  Edward,  b.  about  1540  ?  d.  a  few  years  after 
the  accession  of  James  L,  was  employed  in  several  foreign 
embassies  by  Elizabeth.  He  was  educated  at  Oxford, 
studied  chemistry,  associated  with  Dr.  Dee  and  Edward 
Kelly,  and  was  thought  to  be  a  Rosicrucian.  He  wrote 
pastoral  odes  and  madrigals,  some  of  which  will  be  found 
in  England's  Helicon,  repub.  in  the  Brit.  Bibliographer. 
A  number  of  his  compositions  are  still  in  MS.  See  Athen. 
Oxon. ;  Brydges's  Phillips's  Theatrum  Poetarum;  Brit. 
Bibliog.  j  Ellis's  Specimens;  Gent.  Mag.,  1813,  p.  525. 

Dyer,  George,  of  Clifford's  Inn,  1755-1841.  An  En 
quiry  into  the  Nature  of  Subscription  to  the  39  Articles, 
1790,  8vo;  enlarged  1792;  against  subscription.  Poems, 
1792,  4to.  Poems  and  Critical  Essays  on  Poetry,  1802,  2 
vols.  8vo.  Poetics,  1812,  2  vols.  8vo.  Four  Letters  on  the 
Eng.  Constitution,  1813,  8vo.  History  of  the  University 
and  Colleges  of  Cambridge,  including  notices  relating  to 
the  Founders  and  Eminent  Men,  1814,  2  vols.  8vo.  The 
Privileges  of  the  University  of  Cambridge,  together  with 
additional  observations  on  its  History,  Antiquities,  Litera 
ture,  and  Biography,  1824,  2  vols.  8vo.  Other  works.  He 
contributed  the  original  portions  (save  the  preface)  to  Val- 
py's  Classics,  141  vols.  On  this  work  he  was  engaged  from 
1819  to  1830.  He  edited  two  plays  of  Euripides  and  the 
Greek  Testament.  Charles  Lamb  says  of  Dyer,  besides  a 
notice  which  we  do  not  care  to  repeat,  of  two  vols.  of  his 
poems,  pub.  in  1802: 

"  D.  is  delightful  everywhere,  but  he  is  best  in  such  places  as 
these.  .  .  .  When  he  goes  about  with  you  to  show  you  the  Halls 
and  Colleges,  you  think  you  have  got  with  you  the  interpreter  of 
the  House  Beautiful." — ELIA. 

Dyer,  George,  of  Exeter.  Restoration  of  the  ancient 
Modes  of  bestowing  Names  on  the  Rivers,  Hills,  &c.,  Exe 
ter,  1805,  8vo. 

Dyer,  Dier,  or  Deyer,  Sir  James,  1511-1582,  an 
eminent  lawyer  of  the  Middle  Temple,  London,  Speaker 
of  the  H.  of  Commons,  1552 ;  Chief  Justice  Common  Pleas, 
1559,  '60.  Reports  K.  B.,  C.  P.,  Ex.  and  Ch.,  4  Hen.  VIII.- 
24  Eliz.,  (1513-1582.)  In  French,  Lon.,  1585,  fol.,  1592, 
1601,  '02,  '06,  '09,  '21,  '72.  With  addits.  of  Lord  Treby's, 
1 688,  fol.  In  English,  by  John  Vaillant,  with  addits.,  1794, 
3  vols.  8vo.  Abridgt.  in  English  by  Sir  Thomas  Ireland, 
1651,  8vo.  Abridgts.  in  French,  and  law  tracts.  His  Read 
ing  on  Wills  was  pub.  with  Brograve  on  Jointures,  and 
Risden  on  Forcible  Entries,  1648,  4to.  Dyer's  Reports 
have  been  highly  commended: 

"  Unto  the  painfull  and  diligent  student  they  will  both  now 
sufficiently  delight  to  read,  and  afford  plentifull  store  of  matter 
worthie  his  travaile." — LORD  COKE. 

"  Some  humours  do  more  fancy  Plowden  for  his  fulness  of  argu 
ment  and  plain  kind  of  proof;  others  do  more  like  Dyer  for  his 
strictness  and  brevity." — Fulbeck's  Directions. 

Dyer,  Rev.  John,  1700-1758,  son  of  Robert  Dyer,  a 
Welsh  solicitor,  was  educated  at  Westminster  School.  He 
was  for  a  short  time  employed  in  the  study  of  the  law,  but 
abandoned  it  for  the  life  of  an  itinerant  artist.  He  subse 
quently  took  holy  orders,  and  had  conferred  on  him  the 
livings  of  Calthorpe,  Coningsby,  Bedford,  and  Kirkby. 
Grongar  Hill;  a  Poem,  1727. 

"Grongar  Hill  is  the  happiest  of  his  productions:  it  is  not,  in 
deed,  very  accurately  written ;  but  the  scenes  which  it  displays  are 
so  pleasing,  the  images  which  they  raise  are  so  welcome  to  the 
mind,  and  the  reflections  of  the  writer  so  consonant  to  the  general 
sense  or  experience  of  mankind,  that  when  it  is  once  read,  it  will 
be  read  again."— DR.  JOHNSON:  Life,  of  Dyer. 

The  Ruins  of  Rome,  a  Poem  in  Blank  Verse,  Lon.,  1740, 
4to.  This  was  elicited  by  a  visit  to  Italy ;  it  was  not  so 
much  admired  as  its  predecessor.  The  Fleece,  a  Poem  in 
four  books,  1757,  4to.  This  work  treats  of 

"The  care  of  sheep,  the  labours  of  the  loom." 


DYM 

Dr.  Johnson  considers  the  subject  an  impracticable  one 
for  poetry : 

"  The  woolcomber  and  the  poet  appear  to  me  such  discordant 
natures,  that  an  attempt  to  bring  them  together  is  to  couple  the, 
serpent  with  the  fowl.  ...  Let  me,  however,  honestly  report  what 
ever  may  counterbalance  this  weight  of  censure.  I  have  been  told 
that  Akenside,  who,  upon  a  poetical  question,  has  a  right  to  be 
heard,  said, '  That  he  would  regulate  his  opinion  of  the  reigning 
taste  by  the  fate  of  Dyer's  Fleece,  for,  if  that  were  ill  received,  he 
should  not  think  it  any  longer  reasonable  to  expect  feme  from  ex 
cellence.'  "—Ubi  supra. 

Dr.  Drake  considers  Johnson's  "  stern  critique  as  unjust, 
and  devotes  several  pages  to  Dyer's  vindication : 

"  But  for  the  harsh  censure  of  the  author  of  the  Rambler,  the 
pages  of  Dyer  would  now,  perhaps,  have  been  familiar  to  every 
lover  and  judge  of  nervous  and  highly  finished  description.  .  .  . 
To  refute  his  strictures  upon  Dyer  can  prove  a  task  of  no  very 
formidable  kind,  and  may  restore  to  due  rank  a  poem  which  con 
tains  a  vast  variety  of  landscapes,  drawn  and  coloured  in  the  most 
spirited  and  fascinating  style."  See  Drake's  Literary  Hours,  i.  160, 
et  seq. ;  ii.  35. 

A  collective  edit,  of  Dyer's  works  was  pub.  in  1761,  8vo. 
Dyer,  Richard.    A  Bleeding  Saviour;  on  1  Cor.  v. 
7,  Lon.,  1676,  8vo. 

Dyer,  Samuel,  1725  F-1772,  a  man  of  considerable 
learning,  revised  in  1758  the  English  edit,  of  Plutarch's 
Lives.  In  this  he  trans,  anew  the  lives  of  Demetrius  and 
Pericles.  Malone  asserts  him  to  have  been  the  author  of 
the  Letters  of  Junius,  but  offers  no  proof  to  support  this 
assumption. 

Dyer,  Thomas  H.  Life  of  John  Calvin,  and  extracts 
from  his  Correspondence,  Lon.,  1849,  p.  8vo. 

"  A  careful,  painstaking,  and  elaborate  book,  grounded  upon  ori 
ginal  documents,  especially  Calvin's  epistles,  and  the  various  bio 
graphies  of  him  that  have  appeared  from  the  time  of  Beza  to  the 
three  contemporary  German  volumes  of  Dr.  Henry." — Lon.  Athe 
naeum. 

Dyer,  Wm.,  d.  1696,  aged  60,  a  Nonconformist  divine, 
was  ejected  in  1662.     Late  in  life  he  became  a  Quaker. 
Serms.,  <fec.,  1663,  '66,  '83.    Dyer's  style  has  been  thought 
to  resemble  Bunyan's. 
Dygbey,  or  Dygbeius.    See  DIGBY. 
Dyke,  Daniel,  d.  about  1614,  a  Puritan  divine  of  great 
learning  and  piety,  educated  at  Cambridge,  was  minister 
of  Coggeshall,  Essex,  and  at  one  time  settled  at  St.  Alban's. 
He  was  suspended  in  1588.     Self-Deceiving,  Lon.,  1614, 
4to.     Repentance,  1631,  4to. 

"These  treatises  are  very  searching.  His  doctrine  fells  as  the 
small  rain  upon  the  tender  herb,  and  as  the  showers  upon  the  grass. 
His  works  are  well  written  for  the  tunes."—  Williams's  Christian 
Preacher. 

Six  Evangelical  Histories,  1617,  4to.  Philemon,  1618, 
4to.  Christ's  Temptation,  1631,  4to.  Works,  (6th  edit,  of 
some  of  them,)  pub.  by  Jeremiah  Dyke,  1635,  4to. 

Bishop  Wilkins  considers  Dyke's  sermons  as  among  the 
best  of  his  time. 

"  The  writings  of  Dyke  have  a  singular  flavour  and  vigour  in 
them."— Mather's  Student. 

Dyke,  Jeremiah,  d.  1620,  brother  of  the  preceding, 
and  also  a  Puritan  divine,  was  Minister  of  Epping,  Sussex, 
in  1609.     Sermons  and  theolog.  treatises,  Lon.,  1619-40. 
Worthy  Communicant,  1642,  8vo. 
Dyke,  T.  Webb.    Verses,  Ac.,  1811,  8vo. 
Dykes.     The  Royal  Marriage ;  King  Lemuel's  Lesson, 
Lon.,  1722,  8vo. 

Dykes,   Oswald.      Moral  Reflections  upon   Select 

English  Proverbs,  Lon.,  1708,  8vo.     Discourses,  1722,  8vo. 

Dyllingham,  Francis.     Serm.,  Camb.,  1605,  12mo. 

Dymock,  John.  -  Editions  of  Caesar,  Sallust,  <fec.,  for 

schools;  Ruddiman's  Latin  Rudiments,  Glasg.,  1812,  '19, 

Ac. 

"  Mr.  Dymock  is,  by  his  publications,  proving  himself  a  great 
friend  to  the  rising  generation ;  and  they  well  deserve  the  popu 
larity  and  public  favour  they  have  received." — Lon.  Lit.  Gazette. 

Dymond,  Jonathan,  1796-1828,  a  native  of  Exeter, 
England,  was  a  member  of  the  Society  of  Friends,, and  a 
linen-draper.  In  1823  he  pub.  an  Inquiry  into  the  Accord- 
ancy  of  War  with  the  Principles  of  Christianity.  This 
work  did  much  to  promote  that  earnest  advocacy  of  Peace 
between  nations  which  in  our  day  has  so  startled  and 
amazed  the  diplomatists  of  the  Old  School.  Dymond  had 
been  deeply  persuaded  of  the  great  influence  for  good 
which  could  be  effected  by  a  comprehensive  exhibition  of 
the  true  principles  of  morality  as  based  upon  the  only  in« 
fallible  standard,  the  Word  of  God.  To  a  preparation  of 
a  work  of  this  character  he  devoted  himself  with  great 
assiduity ;  rising  early  to  his  pleasing  task,  and  embracing 
every  interval  of  leisure  from  business  to  forward  his  phi 
lanthropic  design. 

In  May,  1828,  whilst  preparing  his  work  for  publication, 
he  died  of  a  consumption,  from  which  he  had  been  a  severe 
sufferer  since  the  spring  of  1826.  His  Essay  on  the  Prin 
ciples  of  Morality,  and  on  the  Private  and  Political  Rights 

637 


DYM 

and  Obligations  of  Mankind,  was  pub.  in  London,  in  1829, 
2  vols.  8vo.  The  5th  edit,  appeared  in  1852,  Lon.,  8vo. 
Several  edits,  have  been  circulated  in  America  also.  A 
long  review  of  this  work  by  Robert  Southey,  will  be  found 
in  the  London  Quarterly  Review,  xliv.  83-120.  Whilst  we 
do  not  pretend  to  endorse  all  of  Mr.  Dymond's  premises 
and  conclusions,  yet  we  must  record  our  conviction  that 
his  essay  is  one  of  the  most  valuable  works  in  the  lan 
guage,  and  should  be  carefully  studied  by  all  who  would 
desire  to  maintain  "  a  conscience  void  of  offence  towards  God 
and  man." 

"Whether  we  regard  the  soundness  of  his  reasonings,  the  tem 
per,  candour,  and  wisdom  of  his  conclusions,  the  elegance  of  his 
style,  the  felicity  of  his  illustrations,  or  the  singularly  excellent 
spirit  which  pervades  the  whole,  it  is  entitled  to  rank  high  in  the 
highest  class  of  ethical  productions."— PROFESSOR  GEORGE  BUSH  : 

"He°takes  the  word  of  God  as  his  infallible  standard  of  rectitude 
by  which  to  weigh  all  actions,  and  with  a  clear  head  and  an  honest 
conscience  he  follows  his  principles  wherever  they  lead,  knowing 
they  can  never  lead  wrong.  It  is  amusing  as  well  as  instructive 
to  see  with  what  ease  he  overthrows  all  the  previous  standards  of 
rectitude  which  various  men  had  set  up — as  utility,  expediency, 
Ac.;  and  establishes  the  great  central  truth,  that  the  will  of  God 
is  the  only  infallible  standard  by  which  to  judge  concerning  the 


EAR 

right  or  wrong  of  actions." — PROF.  C.  D.  CLEVELAND  :  English  Lit. 
of  the  19th  Century. 

Dyos,  John.  A  Sermon  preached  at  Paules  Crosse, 
the  19th  of  Juli,  1579,  Lon.,  1599,  16mo. 

Dysart,  Earl  of.     Rational  Catechism,  Amst.,  1712. 

Dyson,  Humphrey*  A  Booke  containing  all  svch 
Proclamations  as  were  pvblished  dvring  the  Raigne  of  the 
late  Qveene  Elizabeth,  Lon.,  1618,  fol. 

Dyson,  Jeremiah.  Election  for  Middlesex,  Lon., 
4to.  Epistle  to  Mr.  Warburton,  occasioned  by  his  treat 
ment  of  the  author  of  the  Pleasures  of  the  Imagination, 
Lon.,  1744,  Svo;  anon.  Dyson  was  the  generous  patron 
of  Akenside.  See  AKENSIDE,  MARK,  M.D. 

Dyson,  Richard  R.  The  History  and  Antiquities 
of  the  Parish  of  Tottenham-high-cross,  by  H.  G.  Oldfield 
and  Dyson,  Lon.,  1790,  Svo;  2d  ed.,  1792,  8vo. 

Dyson,  Theophilus,  Surgeon.  Med.  con.  to  Memoirs 
Med.,  1792,  1805. 

Dyve,  Sir  Lewis.  A  Letter  from  him,  giving  an  Ac 
count  of  his  Escape  out  of  the  Court  of  King's  Bench, 
1648,  4to.  Letter  to  the  Lord  Marquis  of  Newcastle,  giv 
ing  an  account  of  the  conduct  of  the  King's  Affairs  in  Ire 
land  from  1648  to  1650,  Hague,  1650,  4to. 


E. 


Eachard,  John,  D.D.,  1636-1697,  a  native  of  Suffolk, 
England,  admitted  at  Catherine  Hall,  Cambridge,  1653 ; 
Fellow,  1658;  Master,  1675.  The  Grounds  and  Occasions 
of  the  Contempt  of  the  Clergy  and  Religion  Inquired  into, 
Lon.,  1670,  8vo.  Observ.  upon  the  Answer  to  the  Inquiry, 
1671,  12mo.  Hobbes's  State  of  Nature  Considered  in  a 
Dialogue  between  Philautus  and  Timothy,  1672,  12mo. 
Some  Opinions  of  Hobbes's  Considered  in  a  2d  Dialogue 
between  Philautus  and  Timothy,  1673,  12mo.  Noncon- 
forming  Preachers,  1673,  12mo.  Works,  1705,  Svo;  1714, 
12mo.  With  a  Life  by  Thos.  Davies,  with  the  assistance  of 
Drs.  Johnson  and  Farmer,  1774,  3  vols.  12mo.  Eachard's 
Dialogues  exposing  the  absurdity  of  Hobbes's  so-called 
philosophy,  made  even  that  conceited  dogmatist  sensitive : 
"  I  was  in  company  with  Hobbes  when  he  swore  and  cursed,  and 
raved  like  a  madman  at  the  mention  of  Dr.  Eachard's  Timothy  and 
Philautus."— Da.  HICKES. 

Dr.  Warton  and  Mr.  Granger  remark  that  Swift  had  evi 
dently  studied  the  works  of  Eachard.  The  divine  was 
noted  for  his  success  in  ridicule,  but  on  subjects  of  a  serious 
character  did  not  appear  to  much  advantage.  Baker,  of 
St.  John's  College,  Cambridge,  was  greatly  disappointed 
•when  he  went  to  hear  him  preach,  and  Swift  tells  us 

"  I  have  known  men  happy  enough  at  ridicule,  who,  upon  grave 
subjects,  were  perfectly  stupid ;  of  which  Dr.  Eachard,  of  Cam 
bridge,  who  writ  The  Contempt  of  the  Clergy,  was  a  great  instance." 
Eachard,  John*     Serms.,  1645,  '46,  4to. 
Eachard.     See  ECHARD. 

Eades,  John.     Clear  and  Comprehensive  View  of  the 
Gospel  Ministry,  1787,8vo.  Revised  by  J.  Button,  1819,8vo. 
Eadie,  John.     Scripture  Paraphrases  in  Latin  Verse. 
Reign  of  Geo.  III.  and  other  Poems,  Glasg.,  1818,  12mo. 

Eadie,  John,  D.D.,  LL.D.,  Prof,  of  Hermeneutics  and 
Evidences  to  the  United  Presbyterian  Church.  Biblical 
Cyclopaedia,  6th  ed.,  Lon.  and  Glasg.,  1857,  p.  8vo. 

"We  give  it  our  most  cordial  and  unhesitating  recommenda 
tion."— ion.  Evangel.  Mag. 

Concordance  to  the  Scriptures,  12th  ed.,  1853.  Dictionary 
of  the  Bible  for  the  Young,  1849, ISmo;  4th  ed.,  1855,  sm. 
8vo.  Lectures  on  the  Bible  to  the  Young,  1848, 12mo  j  2d 
ed.,  1852.  Early  Oriental  History,  1851,  p.  8vo.  Comment, 
on  the  Greek  Text  of  St.  Paul  to  the  Ephesians,  1853,  8vo. 
The  Divine  Love,  a  series  of  Doctrinal,  Practical,  and  Ex 
perimental  Discourses,  1855, 12mo.  Prof.  Eadie  is  one  of 
the  authors  of  Griffin's  Cyclopaedia  of  Biography,  edited 
by  Elihu  Rich,  Lon.  and  Glasg.,  1854,  p.  8vo. 

Eadmer,  d.  1124  ?  the  friend  and  biographer  of  Anselm, 
was  elected  Bishop  of  St.  Andrew's  in  Scotland,  1120,  but 
was  never  consecrated.  His  principal  work  is  the  Historia 
Novorum,  or  History  of  his  Own  Times,  1066-1122.  It 
was  first  printed  by  Selden,  Lon.,  1623,  fol. 

A  Life  of  St  Anselm,  1093-1109.     Often  printed  with 
Anselm's  works,  and  also  by  Wharton  in  the  Anglia  Sacra. 
The   Lives   of  St.  Wilfrid,  St.  Oswald,  St.  Dunstan,  and 
others.     Also  in  the  Anglia  Sacra. 
Eadon,  John.    Arithmet.  works,  1793,  Ac. 
Eagle,  F.  K.,  and  E.  Younge.     Cases  relating  to 
Tithes  from  the  Reign  of  K.  John  to  the  6th  Geo.  IV., 
Lon.,  1826,  4  vols.  r.  8vo.    An  invaluable  digest. 
838 


Eagle,  Fra.  New  Theory  of  Pulmonary  Consump 
tion,  Lon.,  1839,  8vo. 

Eagle,  P.  A.  Life- Assurance  Manual,  Lon.,  1852,  8vo. 

Eagle,  Win.  1.  Making  of  Wills.  2.  Case  of  Evans 
v.  Rowe,  1827.  3.  Law  of  Tithes,  1836,  2  vols.  r.  8vo.  4. 
Acts  for  Commu.  of  Tithes;  3d  ed.,  1843, 12mo.  5.  Magis- 
;rate's  Pocket  Companion;  2d  ed.,  1844,  12mo. 

Eagles,  Rev.  John.  1.  The  Sketcher,  Lon.,  1856, 
8vo.  2.  Essays,  1857,  8vo.  3.  Sonnets,  1858.  See  Lon. 
Athen.,  1858,  Pt.  2,  137. 

Eagles,  Thomas.  1.  Mountain  Melodies,  and  other 
Poems,  Lon.,  8vo.  2.  Relvedder,  Baron  Kolff,  and  other 
Poems,  8vo.  3.  Brendallah ;  a  Poem,  1838,  8vo. 

Ealred.     See  AILRED  OP  RIEVATJX. 

Eames,  Mrs.  Elizabeth  J.,  formerly  Miss  Jesup,  a 
native  of  New  York,  has  contributed  many  excellent  po 
etical  compositions  to  the  New  Yorker,  The  Tribune,  Gra 
ham's  Magazine,  and  The  Southern  Literary  Messenger. 
The  Crowning  of  Petrarch,  Cleopatra,  and  the  Sonnets  to 
Milton,  Dryden,  Addison,  and  Tasso  are  deserving  of  warm 
commendation. 

"  She  writes  with  feeling;  but  she  regards  poetry  as  an  art,  and 
to  the  cultivation  of  it  she  brings  her  best  powers.  While  thought 
ful  and  earnest,  therefore,  her  pieces  are  for  the  most  part  distin 
guished  for  a  taseteful  elegance."— Griswold's  Female  Poets  o/Amer. 

Eames,  Jane  A.,  of  Massachusetts,  is  favourably 
known  as  the  authoress  of  My  Mother's  Jewel,  Agnes  and 
Eliza,  and  other  religious  works  for  the  young,  pub.  by  the 
Prot.  Epis.  S.  S.  Union. 

Eames,  John,  d.  1744,  pub.  a  number  of  papers  on 
mathematics,  natural  philos.,  Ac.  in  the  Phil.  Trans.,  1726- 
42.  In  conjunction  with  J.  Martyn  he  pub.  an  abridgt.  of 
the  Phil.  Trans.,  1719-1733,  in  1734,  2  vols.  4to. 

Barbery,  Matthias.  Deism,  1697,  8vo.  Power  of 
the  Prince,  1717,  8vo.  Hist,  of  the  Clemency  of  our  Eng 
lish  Monarchs,  1717,  8vo.  Vindication  of  ditto,  1720, 12mo. 
The  Pretended  Reformers,  1720,  8vo.  Earl  of  Notting 
ham's  Answer  to  Whiston,  Ac.,  1721,  8vo.  The  Occasional 
Historian,  4  Nos.  in  1  vol.  8vo,  1730-32.  Barbery  under 
went  much  persecution. 

Earl,  George  W.  Eastern  Seas;  or,  Voyages  and 
Adventures  in  the  Indian  Archipelago,  1832,  '33,  '34,  Lon., 
1837,  8vo. 

"  Mr.  Earl's  volume  contains  much  that  is  novel,  communicated 
in  an  unaffected  and  agreeable  manner." — Lon.  Athenceum. 

Enterprise  in  Tropical  Australia,  1846,  p.  8vo.  Native 
Races  of  IndianArchipelago— Papuans,(Ethnograph,Lib.,) 
Lon.,  1853,  8vo.  Trans,  of  D.  H.  Kolff,  Jr.'s  Voyages  of 
the  Dutch  Brig  of  War  Dourga. 

Earle,  Augustus.  Residence  in  New  Zealand  in 
1827,  with  a  Journal  of  a  Residence  in  Tristan  d'Acunha, 

"'wfr^Earle's  journal  gives  us  much  curious  information  in  a 
very  agreeable  manner."— Lon.  Literary  Gazette. 

Earl,  Jabez,  D.D.,  1676F-1768,  a  dissenting  minister, 
pub.  a  number  of  serms.,  theolog.  treatises,  Ac.,  1706-35. 
Treatise  on  the  Sacrament,  1707,  Svo.  Often  reprinted. 
New  ed.,  1816,  Svo.  His  style  is 

"  Judicious,  pathetic,  and  very  laconic."— DR.  DODDRIDGE. 

A  small  collection  of  Poems  in  Latin  and  English. 


EAR 

Earle,  Sir  James,  Knt.,  Surgeon.  Chirurgical  Works 
of  Percival  Pott,  with  a  Life,  Lon.,  1790,  3  vols.  8vo ;  1808, 

3  vols.  8vo.     Hydrocele,  1791,  8vo;  3d  ed.,  1805.     Opera 
tion  for  the  Stone,  1793,  '96,  8vo.    Curved  Spine,  1799,  8vo. 
Cataract,  1801,  8vo.    Fractures,  1807,  8vo.    Haemorrhoidal 
Excrescences,  1807,  8vo.    Calculus;  see  Phil.  Trans.,  1809. 

Earle,  or  Earles,  John,  1601-1665,  entered  at  Mer- 
ton  Coll.,  Oxford,  1620,  became  chaplain  and  tutor  to  Prince 
Charles,  and  accompanied  him  in  his  exile.  On  the  Resto 
ration  he  was  made  Dean  of  Westminster,  consecrated 
Bishop  of  Worcester  in  1662,  and  transferred  to  Salisbury 
in  1663.  Microcosmographie ;  or,  A  Peece  of  the  World 
discovered  in  Essayes  and  Characters,  Lon.,  1628,  8vo;  6th 
ed.,  1630,  12mo;  10th  ed.,  Salisbury,  1786.  New  ed.  (78 
characters)  with  Notes  and  Appendix,  by  Philip  Bliss,  Lon., 
1811,  sm.  8vo.  This  ed.  contains  a  Catalogue  of  the  various 
Writers  of  Character  to  the  year  1700. 

'•Perhaps  the  most  valuable  collection  of  characters,  previous  to 
the  year  1700,  is  that  published  by  Bishop  Earle,  in  1628,  under  the 
title  of  Microcosmography,  and  which  may  be  considered  as  a  pretty 
faithful  delineation  of  many  classes  of  characters  as  they  existed 
during  the  close  of  the  sixteenth,  and  commencement  of  the  seven 
teenth,  century." — Drake's  Shakspeare  and  His  Times. 

An  Elegy  upon  Francis  Beaumont,  by  Bishop  Earle,  will 
be  found  printed  at  the  end  of  Beaumont's  Poems,  1640. 
He  trans,  into  Latin  the  Eikon  Basilike,  (Hague,  1649,) 
and  Hooker's  Ecclesiastical  Polity;  the  last  was  destroyed 
by  the  carelessness  of  his  servants.  The  character  of 
Bishop  Earle  was  most  exemplary.  Warton  declares  that 
since  the  death  of  the  celebrated  Hooker,  none  have  lived 

"Whom  God  hath  blest  with  more  innocent  wisdom,  more  sanc 
tified  learning,  or  a  more  pious,  peaceable,  primitive  temper." 

Bishop  Burnet  tells  us  that  Earle 

"  Was  the  man  of  all  the  clergy  for  whom  the  king  had  the 
greatest  esteem." 

Earle,  Rev.  John.  Remarks  on  the  Prefaces  to  the 
first  and  second  vols.  of  Dr.  Geddes's  Bible. 

Earle,  Wm.,  Jr.     The  Welshmen ;  a  Romance,  1801, 

4  vols.     Welsh  Legends,  1801,  12mo.     Trifles ;  in  Verse, 
1803,  12mo.     Obi ;  or,  Hist,  of  Three-fingered  Jack,  12mo. 

Earle,  Wm.  Benson,  1740-1796,  reprinted  from  a 
scarce  pamphlet  an  exact  Relation  of  the  famous  Earth 
quake  and  Eruption  of  Mount  Etna,  1669,  to  which  he 
added  a  Letter  from  himself  to  Lord  Lyttelton,  Lon.,  1775, 
8vo.  Earle  was  a  munificent  benefactor  to  various  chari 
ties  in  Bristol,  Winchester,  and  Salisbury. 

Earlom,  Richard,  1742-1822,  an  eminent  engraver 
of  London.  Liber  Veritatis;  or,  A  collection  of  Prints 
after  Claude  Lorraine,  with  descriptions,  Lon.,  1777-1804, 
3  vols.  fol.  Baker's  sale,  257,  vols.  i.  and  ii.,  and  Nos.  1 
and  2  of  vol.  iii.,  £55  13s.  Fonthill,  2250,  3  vols.,  £91  7*. 
Portraits  of  Characters  illustrious  in  English  History,  by 
Rich.  Earlom  and  Turner,  1813,  4to. 

Earnest,  Robert.    Vaccination,  Lon.,  1807,  8vo. 

Earnshaw,  C.  The  Wreath;  Poet.  Gleanings,  1801, 
8vo. 

Earnshaw,  James.  Abstract  of  Penal  and  other 
Statutes  rel.  to  the  Customs,  Lon.,  1793-1807,  3  vols.  8vo. 

Earnshaw,  Thomas.  Time-keepers,  &c.,  Lon.,  1806, 
'09,  8vo. 

Earnshaw,  Wm.,  M.D.  Profess.  Case,  Phil.  Trans,  iii. 

Earnshaw,  Wm.  Laws  rel.  to  Shipping,  Ac.,  Lon., 
1818,  8vo.  Digest  of  Acts  rel.  to  Shipping,  &c.,  1820,  8vo. 

Earsden,  John.    Ayres,  1618. 

Earuulph.     See  ERNULPH.  * ' ,'  , .' 

Eason,  Alex.,  M.D.    Med.  Com.,  1776. 

Eason,  Alex.,  Surgeon.     Med.  Com.,  ii.,  v.,  viii. 

Eason,  L.     Guide  to  Salvation,  Bruges,  1693,  8vo. 

East,  D.  J.  Western  Africa ;  its  Condition,  and  Chris 
tianity  the  Means  of  its  Recovery,  Lon.,  1844,  12mo. 

"  The  analysis  of  your  book  embraces  almost  all  the  topics  re 
lating  to  Africa  worthy  of  notice ;  and  if  they  are  well  handled,  as 
I  have  no  doubt  they  will  be,  will  form  a  very  valuable  and  useful 
work." — Ttiomas  Clarkson  to  the  Author. 

"I  have  read  with  great  attention  the  analysis  of  your  forth 
coming  book,  with  which  I  am  much  pleased."— Sir  T.  F.  JBuxton 
to  the  Author. 

East,  Sir  Edward  Hyde.  King's  Bench  Reports 
1800-12,  Lon.,  1801-14,  16  vols.  8vo.  New  ed.  by  Thos 
Day,  Phila.,  1817, 16  vols.  8vo.  With  Notes,  by  George  M. 
Wharton,  of  the  Pbila.  Bar,  1845,  16  vols.  in  8,  8vo.  No 
thing  is  omitted  in  Mr.  Wharton's  ed.,  and  the  reader  has 
the  advantage  of  his  notes  as  well  as  those  of  Mr.  Day. 
The  price  of  the  last  ed.  is  but  $25.  Mr.  Day's  ed.  was 
pub.  at  $72.  The  value  of  East's  Reports  is  too  well  known 
to  render  comment  necessary.  See  DURNFOKD,  C.,  and 
EAST,  E.  II. 

Pleas  of  the  Crown;  or  a  General  Treatise  on  the  Prin 
ciples  and  Practice  of  Criminal  Law,  Lon.,  1803,  2  vols. 


EAS 

8vo;  Phila.,  1806,  2  vols.  In  the  preparation  of  this  work 
the  compiler  expended  the  industry  of  fifteen  years. 

"He  has  presented  to  the  world  a  production  which  is  entitled 
to  the  praise  of  accuracy,  neatness,  and  conciseness;  a  classical 
performance  in  its  kind." — Lon.  Monthly  Review,  1.  420. 

See  Warren's  Law  Studies,  2d  ed.,  1845,  620. 

East,  John.  Serm.,  1819,  8vo.  Sabbath  Meditations 
in  Prose  and  Verse,  1828, 2  vols.  8vo.  The  Happy  Moment, 
1835,  ISmo.  Other  works. 

East,  Thomas.    Death-Bed  Scenes,  Lon.,  1825, 12mo. 

"  A  welcome  companion  on  the  bed  of  sickness  and  death." — 
Lowndes's  Brit.  Lib. 

Other  works. 

Eastburn,  Rev.  James  Wallis,  d.  1819,  aged  22, 
an  American  poet,  a  native  of  New  York,  is  best  known  as 
a  colleague  of  Robert  C.  Sands  in  the  composition  of  Ya- 
moyden,  a  Tale  of  the  Wars  of  King  Philip,  pub.  at  New 
York  in  1820.  Some  interesting  particulars  concerning 
Mr.  Eastburn  will  be  found  in  Griswold's  Poets  and  Poetry 
of  America,  llth  ed.,  1852,  p.  213,  article  ROPERT  C.  SANDS. 

Eastburn,  Manton,  D.D.,  Bishop  of  the  Prot.  Epis. 
Church  of  Massachusetts,  was  born  in  England,  Feb.  9, 
1801.  He  was  consecrated  assistant  bishop  of  Mass.,  Dec. 
29,  1842,  and  in  1843,  by  the  decease  of  Rt.  Rev.  W.  Gris- 
wold,  became  bishop  of  that  diocese.  Lectures  on  the 
Epist.  of  St.  Paul  to  the  Philippians,  N.  York,  1833,  8vo. 
Bp.  E.  has  pub.  a  number  of  sermons  and  charges,  edited 
Thornton's  Family  Prayers,  and  delivered  literary  lectures 
on  various  occasions. 

Eastcott,  Rev.  Richard.  Sketches  of  the  Origin, 
Progress,  and  Efiects  of  Music,  Bath,  1793,  8vo. 

"An  entertaining  compilation  by  an  enthusiastic  admirer  of 
music." — Lowndes's  Brit.  Lib. 

Easterbrook,  Jos.  Appeal  to  the  Public,  Bristol,  8vo. 

Eastlake,  Sir  Charles  Lock,  an  eminent  painter, 
b.  at  Plymouth,  Devonshire,  in  1793,  was  elected  President 
of  the  Royal  Academy  in  1850.  1.  Trans,  of  Goethe's 
Theory  of  Colours,  Lon.,  1840,  8vo.  2.  F.  Kugler's  Hand- 
Book  of  Painting,  trans,  by  a  Lady,  edited  by  Sir  Ch.  L.  E., 
2  parts,  r.  8vo,  1842,  '43 ;  2d  ed.,  1851,  2  vols.  p.  8vp. 

"By  for  the  best  manual  we  are  acquainted  with." — Lon.  Eccle 
siastic. 

3.  Materials  for  a  Hist,  of  Oil  Painting,  1847,  8vo. 

"  From  the  invention  of  oil  painting  to  this  day.  Mr.  Eastlake's 
volume  carefully  examines  and  states  every  ascertainable  particu 
lar,  and  feirly  settles  questions  of  priority  and  merit." — Lon.  Lite 
rary  Gazette. 

4.  Contributions  to  the  Literature  of  the  Fine  Arts,  1848, 
8vo. 

"  There  cannot  be  a  doubt  that  a  knowledge  of  the  principles 
which  govern  any  branch  of  art  must  greatly  increase  the  power 
of  the  artist,  as  it  certainly  contributes  materially  to  the  pleasure 
derived  from  its  contemplation.  But  neither  English  painters  nor 
English  critics  are  overstocked  in  this  respect ;  and  both,may  be 
glad  to  receive,  in  a  permanent  form,  such  additions  as  Mr.  East- 
lake  has  here  made  to  the  literature  of  the  fine  arts." — Lon.  Exam. 

Eastman,  Charles  G.,  an  American  poet,  who  has 
been  connected  with  the  press  at  Burlington,  Woodstock, 
and  Montpelier,  Vermont,  pub.  a  collection  of  his  poems 
in  1848,  Montpelier,  18mo.  He  has  been  highly  com 
mended  as  a  successful  delineator  of  the  "rural  life  of  New 
England." 

Eastman,  G.  W.,  and  Levi  S.  Fulton.  Works 
on  Book-keeping  and  Penmanship ;  pub.  in  New  York. 

Eastman,  Mrs.  Mary  H.,  is  a  daughter  of  Dr. 
Thomas  Henderson,  TJ.  S.  Army.  In  1835  she  was  mar 
ried  to  Capt.  S.  Eastman,  U.  S.  A. ;  and  as  a  companion  of 
her  husband  at  Fort  Snelling  and  other  frontier  stations, 
has  enjoyed  excellent  opportunities  of  studying  the  Indian 
character,  which  she  has  so  graphically  depicted.  Mrs. 
Eastman  has  pub.  four  works  relating  to  the  Aborigines 
of  America — viz.  1.  Dahcotah,  or  Life  and  Legends  of  the 
Sioux,  N.  York,  1849,  12mo.  2.  Romance  of  Indian  Life, 
Phila.,  1852,  8vo.  Orig.  pub.  in  The  Iris  of  1852.  3.  Ame 
rican  Aboriginal  Portfolio,  illustrated  by  S.  Eastman,  U.  S. 
Army,  1853,  4to.  4.  Chicora,  and  other  Regions  of  the 
Conquerors  and  Conquered,  1854,  sm.  4to. 

"Of  all  the  portraitures  of  Indian  life  and  character  that  have 
been  given  to  the  public,  none,  probably,  have  come  more  nearly 
to  the  truth  than  those  by  Mrs.  Eastman.  Her  books  are  among 
the  very  best  contributions  to  our  native  literature  that  have  lately 
appeared."— PROF.  HART:  Female  Prose  Writers  of  America,  q.  v. 

In  1852  Mrs.  Eastman  pub.  a  novel  entitled  Aunt  Phillis's 
Cabin,  intended  as  a  response  to  Mrs.  Stowe's  Uncle  Tom's 
Cabin.  The  sale  of  the  former  work  reached  18,000  copies 
in  a  few  weeks.  She  has  also  contributed  to  Arthur's  Home 
Magazine  and  to  other  journals. 

Eastman,  Philip,  b.  1799,  at  Chatham,  New  Hamp 
shire,  grad.  at  Bowdoin  College,  1820.  As  commissioner 
under  a  resolution  of  the  legislature  of  Maine,  passed  Oct. 
22, 1840,  he  edited  the  revised  Statutes  of  that  State.  He 


EAS 


ECH 


also  prepared  and  published  a  Digest  of  the  Maine  Reports 
26  vols.,  1849. 

Eastman,  Seth,  Capt.  in  IT.  S.  Army,  grad.  at  West  ! 
Point,  1829,  b.  at  Brunswick,  Maine,  illustrator  of  the  work 
pub.  by  Congress  entitled  History,  Condition,  and  Future  j 
Prospects  of  the  Indian  Tribes  of  the  U.  S.,  <fec.,  author  of  a  ; 
work  on  Topographical  Drawing,  Ac.     See  EASTMAN,  MRS.  j 

Eastmead,  Wm.     Human  Life,  Lon.,  1814,  12mo. 

Easton,  James.  Human  Longevity,  Salisb.,1800,8vo.  | 

Easton,  M.  G.  Unitarianism:  its  History,  Doctrines, 
and  Tendencies,  Lon.,  1851,  12mo. 

Easton,  Thomas.     Funl.  Serm.,  Lon.,  1692. 

Eastvvick,  Edward  B.,  an  eminent  Oriental  scholar 
and  professor.  1.  Grammar  of  the  Hindustani  Language, 
Lon.,  1847,  p.  8vo.  2.  Anvari  Suhaili;  or,  The  Lights  of 
Canopus,  1854,  r.  8vo.  3.  Autobiography  of  Lutfallah,  <fcc.  ; 
edited  by  E.  B.  E.,  1857,  p.  8vo.  See  JONES,  SIR  WILLIAM. 

Eaton,  A.     Grammatica  Inglesa,  <fec.,  Lon.,  1814,  Svo.- 

Eaton,  Miss  Charlotte  E.  Rome  in  the  19th  Cen 
tury,-  5th  ed.,  Lon.,  1852,  2  vols.  12mo.  Excellent. 

Eaton,  Cyrus,  b.  1784,  at  Framingham,  Mass.,  was 
for  40  years  a  successful  teacher  in  Maine.  In  1845  he 
became  totally  blind.  Annals  of  Warren,  Me.,  with  the 
Early  History  of  St.  George's  Broad  Bay  and  the  Neighbour 
ing  Settlements  on  the  Waldo  Patent,  1851,  8vo.  Woman  ; 
a  Poem,  1854. 

Eaton,  Daniel  Isaac,  d.  1804.  Trial  for  Paine's 
Rights  of  Man,  Lon.,  1793,  8vo ;  for  pub.  a  supposed  Libel, 
1794,  8vo.  Helvetius's  System  of  Nature,  1811,  8vo.  Me 
morial,  1 813,  8vo.  Continuation  of  the  Age  of  Reason,  1813. 

Eaton,  David.  Scripture  the  only  Guide  to  Religious 
Truth,  York,  1800, Svo.  Baptism,  Lon.,  1826,  8vo.  Other 
works. 

Eaton,  John,  1575-1641,  minister  of  Wickham  Mar 
ket,  Suffolk,  is  considered  by  some  the  founder  of  Antino- 
mianism.  The  Discovery  of  a  most  dangerous  Dead  Faith, 
Lon.,  1641, 12mo.  The  Honeycomb  of  Free  Justification, 
1642,  4to.  Pub.  by  Robt.  Lancaster,  who  informs  us  that 

"  The  author's  faith,  zeal,  and  diligence  in  doing  his  calling,  and 
his  faith,  patience,  and  cheerfulness  in  suffering  for  the  same,  were 
highly  exemplary." 

Eaton,  General  John  Henry,  1786-1856.  Life 
of  General  Andrew  Jackson,  Phila.,  1824,  8vo. 

Eaton,  Joseph.  Disp.  Med.  Inaug.  de  Vertigine, 
Lugd.  Bat.,  1686,  4to. 

Eaton,  Nathaniel.  Inquisitio  in  variantes  Theolo- 
gorum  quorundam  sententias  de  Sabbato  et  Die  Dominico, 
Fran.,  1633,  8vo.  Oratio  in  Acad.  Patavina,  1647,  4to. 
De  Fastis  Anglicis,  sive  Calendarium  Sacrum,  Lon.,  1661, 
12mo. 

Eaton,  Richard.    Funl.  Serm.,  Lon.,  1616,  4to. 

Eaton,  Richard.     Rates  of  Mdse,  Dubl.,  1767,  8vo. 

Eaton,  Samuel.     Theolog.  treatises,  Lon.,  1645-54. 

Easton,  Samuel,  D.D.  Human  Life,  in  17  Serms., 
Lon.,  1764,  8vo.  Christ'y  as  taught  by  Christ  himself,  in 
18  Serms.,  1776,  8vo. 

.  "  Plain,  easy,  and  sensible  discourses,  abounding  with  good  sense, 
and  manifesting  the  author's  learning  and  application." — Lon. 
Monthly  Review. 

Eaton,  Samuel,  minister  of  Harpswell,  Maine,  d. 
1822,  aged  85.  Serm.  on  the  death  of  Jacob  Abbot,  1820. 

Eaton,  W.     Political  Relations  of  Russia,  1803. 

Eberle,  J.,  M.D.  Notes  of  Lectures  on  the  Theory 
and  Practice  of  Medicine,  Phila.,  1844, 12mo.  Notes  and 
Additions,  by  Geo.  McClellan,  M.D.,  1840,  8vo.  Treatise 
on  the  Diseases  and  Physical  Education  of  Children;  with 
Notes  and  Additions,  by  T.  D.  Mitchell,  M.D.,  8vo.  Trea 
tise  of  the  Materia  Medica  and  Therapeutics,  1847,  2  vols. 
in  1,  8vo. 

Ebers,  John.     Seven  Years  of  the  King's  Theatre, 
Lon.,  1828,  8vo. 
Eburne,  Richard.     Serms.,  Ac.,  Lon.,  1613,  '16.    A 

?laine  Pathway  to  Plantations.     In  three  Parts,  1624,  4to. 
n  this  vol.  will  be  found  "  Motives  for  a  present  Plantation 
in  Newfoundland." 

Eccles,  Ambrose,  a  native  of  Ireland,  d.  1809,  pub. 
in  three  vols.,  (in  all,)  edits,  of  Cymbeline,  1793,  8vo  -,  King 
Lear,  1793,  Svo;  Merchant  of  Venice,  1805,  8vo. 

"  Each  volume  contains,  not  only  notes  and  illustrations  of  va 
rious  commentators,  with  remarks  by  the  editor,  but  the  several 
critical  and  historical  essays  that  have  appeared  at  different  times 
respecting  each  piece." — Biog.  Dramat. 

Eccles,  James,  M.D.    Ed.  Med.  Ess.,  1737. 

Eccles,  John,  d.  1735,  a  musical  composer,  set  some 
of  Congreve's  songs  and  odes  to  music.  The  airs  were 
greatly  admired,  and  considered  among  the  best  of  the  day. 

Eccles,  Samuel.     Serms.,  1750,  '51,  '53,  '54,  '55. 

Ecclestou,  James.    Introduction  to  English  Anti- 

540 


quities,  intended  as  a  companion  to  the  Hist,  of  Eng.,  Lon., 
1847,  Svo. 

"  It  has  demonstrated  its  usefulness  by  furnishing  us  at  once 
with  what  would  have  required  hours  of  search  among  dusty  tomes 
to  attain." — Church  and  State  Gazette. 

"A  seasonable  and  judicious  work." — Edin.  Review. 

Questions  on  Mosheim  and  Burnet,  12mo.  Treatise  con 
cerning  the  Life  of  God  in  the  Soul  of  Man,  18mo. 

Eccleston,  Theodore.  The  Quaker's  Case  of  not 
Swearing,  1694,  4to. 

Ecclestone,  Edward.  Noah's  Flood,  or  the  De 
struction  of  the  World;  an  Opera,  Lon.,  1679,  4to.  Repub. 
as  The  Cataclysm,  in  1685,  and  as  The  Deluge,  in  1691. 

Echard,  Laurence,  1671  ?-1730,  a  native  of  Suffolk ; 
educated  at  Christ's  College,  Cambridge ;  presented  to  the 
livings  of  Welton  and  Elkinton,  Lincolnshire ;  Archdeacon 
of  Stowe,  1712 ;  presented  by  George  II.,  about  1722,  to 
the  livings  of  Rendlesham,  Sudborne,  and  Alford.  Suffolk. 
Description  of  Ireland,  Lon.,  1691,  12mo;  of  Flanders, 
1691.  Compend.  of  Geography,  1691,  1713,  Svo.  The 
Roman  History  to  the  settlement  by  Augustus  Cassar.  Of 
this  a  4th  ed.  was  pub.  in  1699,  Svo;  1699-1705,  5  vols. 
Svo;  with  a  continuation,  1713,  5  vols.  Svo;  1719,  '20,  5 
vols.  Svo.  The  Roman  Hist,  from  the  settlement  by  Aug. 
Caesar  to  the  removal  of  the  Imperial  seat  of  Constantino 
the  Great.  Of  this  a  2d  ed.  was  pub.  in  1699,  Svo.  Two 
continuations,  one  of  which  was  revised  by  Echard,  were 
afterwards  pub.  in  3  vols.  Svo.  A  General  Ecclesiastical 
History  to  A.D.  313, 1702,  fol. ;  1710,  2  vols.  Svo;  1712,  6th 

.;  1722,  2  vols.  8vo. 

'•'  The  Ecclesiastical  History  of  Mr.  Laurence  Echard  is  the  best 
of  its  kind  in  the  English  tongue." — Prideaux's  Connexion. 

"  A  work  valuable  in  many  respects." — BISHOP  WATSON. 

The  History  of  England  to  1688,  1707-18,  3  vols.  fol. 
The  author  enumerates  many  authorities,  informing  us  that 

"  From  all  these  I  have  compiled  a  history  as  full,  comprehensive, 
and  complete,  as  I  could  bring  into  the  compass  of  the  proposed 
size  and  bigness.  And  that  nothing  might  be  wanting.  I  have  all 
the  way  enriched  it  with  the  best  and  wisest  sayings  of  great  men 
that  I  could  find  in  larger  volumes,  and  likewise  with  such  short 
moral  reflections,  and  such  proper  characters  of  men,  as  might  give 
life  as  well  as  add  instruction  to  the  history." 

Calamy,  who  thought  the  historian  had  misrepresented 
the  Nonconformists,  and  Oldmixon,  who  conceived  that  he 
discovered  many  historical  blunders,  both  attacked  our 
author.  See  Dr.  Calamy's  Letter  to  Echard,  1718,  and  Old- 
mixon's  Critical  Hist,  of  Eng.,  <fcc.  But  nothing  did  more 
to  injure  the  work  than  Echard's  recital  of  Lindsey's  story 
of  the  conference  and  contract  between  Oliver  Cromwell 
and  the  Devil  on  the  morning  of  the  battle  of  Worcester. 
Echard  by  no  means  endorses  the  truth  of  the  narration, 
but  he  dismisses  the  subject  with  a  sly  innuendo — or  per 
haps  intended  pleasantry : — 

"  How  far  Lindsey  is  to  be  believed,  and  how  far  the  story  is  to 
be  accounted  credible,  is  left  to  the  reader's  faith  and  judgment, 
and  not  to  any  determination  of  our  own." — Vol.  ii.  p.  713,  ed.  1718. 

Echard's  History  lost  its  popularity  after  the  publication 
of  Tindal's  trans,  of  Rapin's.  The  large  circulation  of  the 
former  work  was  owing  in  part  to  the  convenience  of  his 
arrangement: 

"  This  history,  being  chiefly  intended  for  the  useful  diversion  of 
the  nobility  and  gentry,  is  put  in  such  a  method  as  appeared  to  be 
the  least  irksome  to  the  reader ;  every  reign  being  divided  into  so 
many  stages  or  periods,  as  give  frequent  opportunities  of  pause 
and  rest."— BISHOP  NICOLSON:  Eng.  Hist.  Lib.  61. 

His  opponent,  Dr.  Calamy,  also  praises  this  feature  as 
well  as  other  merits  of  the  History : 

"  The  clearness  of  your  method,  and  the  perspicuity  of  your  lan 
guage,  are  two  very  great  excellencies,  which  I  admire.  I  am  sin 
gularly  pleased  with  the  refreshing  divisions  of  your  matter,  and 
the  chronological  distinction  of  the  several  parts  of  your  history." 

But  the  doctor  proceeds  to  enumerate  grave  objections 
to  the  sprightly  chronicler: 

"  I  neither  admire  many  of  the  authors  which  you  cite,  nor  your 
way  of  citing  them :  and  I  have  some  reason  to  think  I  am  not 
singular  in  either.  Many  of  the  authors  that  are  cited  by  you 
have  so  little  credit  in  the  world  as  to  be  far  from  giving  sufficient 
warrant  to  justify  your  inserting  things  from  them  into  an  his 
tory  that  should  give  an  account  to  posterity  of  past  transactions. 
And  your  way  of  citing  them  is  liable  to  very  great  objections." — 
Letter  to  Mr.  Archdeacon  Echard,  p.  118,  119.  See  Biog.  Brit. 

The  Gazetteer;  a  Geographical  Index  to  Europe,  1703, 
'04,  2  vols.  18mo ;  llth  ed.,  1716, 12mo.  Classical  Geogra 
phical  Dictionary,  revised  by  S.  Echard,  1715,  Svo.  Trans, 
of  Three  Comedies  of  Plautus,  2d  ed.,  1716.  Maxims  from 
Tillotson,  1719,  Svo.  Hist,  of  the  Revolution  and  Esta 
blishment  in  1688, 1725,  Svo.  Trans,  of  Terence,  by  Echard 
and  others,  9th  ed.,  1741, 12mo.  Serm.,  1698, 4to.  Serm., 
1726,  Svo. 

In  the  first  volume  of  Dodsley's  Collection  of  Poems 
there  is  an  epigram — so  named — on  the  respective  histories 
of  Echard  and  Burnet,  which  reminds  us  forcibly  of  the 
rapid  and  graphic  pencil  of  the  author  of  Hudibras : 


ECH 

«  Gil's  history  appears  to  me 
Political  anatomy ; 
A  case  of  skeletons  well  done, 
And  malefactors  every  one. 
His  sharp  and  strong  incisive  pen 
Historically  cuts  up  men, 
And  does  with  lucid  skill  impart 
Their  inward  ails  of  head  and  heart. 
Laurence  proceeds  another  way 
And  well-dressed  figures  does  display; 
His  characters  are  all  in  flesh, 
Their  hands  are  Mr,  their  faces  fresh, 
And  from  his  sweetening  air  derive 
A  better  scent  than  when  alive. 
He  wax-work  made  to  please  the  sons, 
Whose  fathers  were  Gil's  skeletons." 

Echlin,  John.     Serm.,  Dubl.,  1712,  8vo. 

Ecking,  Rev.  Samuel,  1757-1785.  Three  Essays 
onGrace,Faith,andExperience,1784,8vo;3ded.,1806,12mo. 

Eckley,  Joseph,  D.D.,  1750-1811,  a  minister  of  Bos 
ton,  Mass.,  was  a  native  of  England.  He  pub.  several 
serms.,  Ac.,  1782,  '92,  '97, 1802,  '05,  06,  '09,  '10.  See  Wis- 
ner's  Hist,  of  the  0.  S.  Church,  45. 

Ecton,  John.  Liber  Valorum  et  Decimarum,  Lon., 
1711,  8vo;  several  eds.  Enlarged  and  repub.  by  Browne 
Willis,  under  the  title  of  Thesaurus  Rerum  Ecclesiastica- 
rum ;  last  ed.,  1763,  4to.  A  still  later  edit,  of  the  Liber 
Valorum  was  pub.  in  1786,  4to,  under  the  title  of  Liber 
Regis.  Bounty  of  Queen  Anne,  Ac.,  2d  ed.,  1720,  '21,  8vo. 

Eddis,  Wm.,  Surveyor  of  the  Customs  at  Annapolis 
in  Maryland.  Letters  from  America,  Historical  and  De 
scriptive,  Lon.,  1 792,  8vo.  This  work,  which  comprises  the 
period  from  1769-77,  contains  the  best  account  we  have 
of  the  rise  of  Revolutionary  principles  in  Maryland.  The 
letters  are  forty  in  number. 

"  These  letters  include  an  interesting  period,  and  relate  to  events 
which,  however  painful  in  their  detail,  and  dishonourable  to  the 
British  name,  have,  in  their  consequences,  been  not  altogether  un- 
propitious  to  Great  Britain;  and  are  deemed,  by  some  prophetic 
minds,  to  contain  in  their  womb  the  germs  of  universal  freedom." 
— Lon.  Monthly  Review. 

We  need  hardly  urge  the  collectors  of  early  American 
History  to  secure  this  valuable  work. 

Eddy,  Rev.  Daniel  C.  1.  Young  Man's  Friend, 
Lowell,  12mo.  2.  Ministers  of  the  Olden  Time,  12mo. 
3.  Lectures  to  Young  Ladies,  12mo.  4.  Heroines  of  the 
Missionary  Enterprise,  Boston,  1850,  16mo. 

"The  biographies  are  written  in  a  remarkably  graphic  style,  and 
they  remind  us  in  their  spirit  and  picturesqueness  of  Headley's 
stirring  pages." 

Eddy,  J.  H.,  1784-1817,  a  native  of  New  York,  pub. 
a  map  of  the  State  of  N.  York,  and  was  engaged  on  a  ge 
neral  atlas  of  America  at  the  time  of  his  death.  He  was 
totally  deaf. 

Eddy,  Samuel,  of  Providence,  Rhode  Island,  d.  1839, 
aged  68.  Antiquities,  <fec. 

Ede,  James.  Gold  and  Silversmith's  Calculator,  1806, 
12mo.  New  ed.,  1847,  12mo.  Gold  and  S.  Coins,  1809, 
8vo.  Annals  of  Europe,  1809,  2  vols.  8vo. 

Edelen,  Philip.     Serm.,  Lon.,  1653,  8vo. 

Edelman,  W.     Serms.,  Lon.,  1833,  12mo. 

Eden,  Charles  Page.  Serm.,  Isa.  xl.  31,  On  Early 
Prayer,  Oxf.,  1840,  8vo.  To  Mr.  Eden  we  are  indebted  for 
a  revised  ed.  of  Bp.  Heber's  ed.  of  the  Works  of  Jeremy 
Taylor,  Lon.,  1847-54,  10  vols.  8vo. 

"  It  is  no  mean  praise  to  be  able  to  say  that  Mr.  Eden  has  hitherto 
escaped  from  the  unmerciful  and  unscrupulous  castigation  which 
has  been  bestowed  upon  others It  is  utterly  impossible  to  pro 
duce  a  more  elaborate  or  correct  exposition  of  the  author, 'whose 
enormous  labours  had  rendered  the  task  of  properly  editing  them 
well  nigh  Herculean."— BelVs  Lnn.  Messenger,  notice  of  vol.  vii. 

Eden,  Hon.  Frederick.  Historical  Sketch  of  the 
International  Policy  of  Modern  Europe,  Lon.,  1823,  8vo. 

Eden,  Sir  Frederick  Morton,  Bart.,  Director  of  the 
Globe  Insurance  Co.,  London,  1809.  1.  The  State  of  the 
Poorj  or,  an  History  of  the  Labouring  Classes  in  England 
from  the  Conquest  to  the  Present  Period,  Lon.,  1797,  3 
vols.  4to. 

"  This  is  the  grand  storehouse  of  information  respecting  the  la 
bouring  classes  of  England,  and  should  have  a  prominent  place  in 
every  library." — McCuUoch's  Lit.  of  Polit.  Economy. 

A  new  ed.  of  this  valuable  work,  with  a  continuation  to 
the  present  time,  is  much  needed. 

2.  Porto  Bello,  1798,  8vo.  3.  Inhabitants  in  G.  Britain 
and  Ireland,  1800,  8vo.  4.  Friendly  Societies,  1801,  8vo. 
5.  Eight  Letters  on  the  Peace,  and  on  the  Commerce  and 
Manufactures  of  Great  Britain,  1802,  8vo.  6.  Maritime 
Rights  of  G.  Britain,  2d  ed.,  1808,  8vo.  7.  On  the  Policy 
and  Expediency  of  Granting  Insurance  Charters,  1806, 8vo. 

"  The  arguments  to  show  the  expediency  of  granting  charters  to 
Insurance  companies  are  quite  conclusive,  and  their  validity  is  now 
universally  admitted."— MCCULLOCH,  «W  supra. 

Eden,  Richard.  ATreatyseof  the  New  India;  trans. 


EDG 

from  the  Latin  of  Sebastian  Munster,  Lon.,  1553,  8vo.  The 
Decades  of  the  New  World;  trans,  from  the  Latin  of  R. 
Martyr,  1555,  4to.  Augmented  by  Richard  Willes,  1577, 
4to.  The  same  Englished  by  Eden  and  Lok,  1612,  4to. 
The  Arte  of  Nauigation ;  trans,  from  the  Spanysbe  of  Mar 
tin  Cortes,  1561,  '78,  '80,  '84,  4to.  A  very  few  copies  have 
a  folding  wood-cut  map  of  America.  This  is  very  valuable, 
especially  to  the  collector  of  American  History.  Decade 
of  Voyages;  trans,  from  the  Latin  of  Lewes  Vertomanus, 
1576,  8vo.  The  History  of  Travayle  in  the  West  and  East 
Indies,  and  other  Countreys  lying  eyther  way  towardes  the 
fruitfull  and  rych  Moluccaes,  <fcc.  Gathered  in  parte,  and 
done  into  Englishe,  by  Richard  Eden.  Newly  set  in  order, 
augmented  and  finished,  by  Richard  Willes,  1577,  4to. 
Willett,  844,  £3  18«.  Roxburghe,  7179,  £6  10s.  A  long 
extract  from  Willes's  explanatory  preface  to  this  rare  work 
will  be  found  in  Rich's  Cat.  of  Books  relating  principally 
to  America,  1832,  p.  14.  A  very  necessarie  and  profitable 
Booke  concerning  Nauigation;  trans,  from  the  Latin  of 
Joannes  Taisnierus.  Sold  along  with  the  Arte  of  Nauiga 
tion,  1579,  4to. 

"  Eden  was  the  first  Englishman  who  undertook  to  present  in  a 
collective  form  the  astonishing  results  of  that  spirit  of  maritime 
enterprise  which  had  been  everywhere  awakened  by  the  discovery 
of  America;  nor  was  he  a  mere  compiler:  we  are  indebted  to  him 
for  several  original  voyages  of  great  curiosity  and  value.  He  is 
not  exempt  from  error,  but  in  point  of  learning,  accuracy,  and  in 
tegrity  is  certainly  superior  to  Hakluyt;  yet  it  is  undoubted,  that 
while  the  name  of  the  latter,  like  that  of  Vespucci,  has  become  in 
delibly  associated  with  the  New  World,  his  predecessor  is  very  little 
known." — Rich's  Bibl.  Amer.  Nova. 

Eden,  Robert,  Archdeacon  of  Win  ton.  Jurispruden- 
tia  Philologica;  sive  Elementa  Juris  Civilis,  secundum 
Methodum  et  seriem  Institutionum  Justiniani,  notis  Clas- 
sicis  et  Historicis,  nee  non  Parallelis  Juris  Anglicani  Locis, 
illustrate,  Oxon.,  1744,  8vo;  Lon.,  1763,  4to.  Antonii 
Schultingii  Jurisconsult!  Oratio  de  Jurisprudentia  Marci 
Tullis  Ciceronis  Notis  Illustrata,  1761,  4to. 

Eden,  Robert,  D.D.,  Canon  of  Windsor.  Serms.  pub. 
separately,  1743,  '54,  '55,  '56. 

Eden,  Rev.  Robert.  Churchman's  Theolog.  Diet., 
2d  ed.,  Lon.,  1846,  12mo. 

"  The  design  of  this  work  is  to  give  plain  and  simple  explana 
tions  of  the  Theological  and  Ecclesiastical  terms  which  are  used  in 
describing  and  discussing  religious  Ordinances,  Doctrines,  and  In 
stitutions,  without  entering  into  the  controversies  which  have 
arisen  respecting  their  object  and  import." 

Puller's  Moderation  of  the  Church  of  England.  A  new 
ed.,  thoroughly  revised,  with  an  Introductory  Preface,  Ac., 
1843,  8vo. 

"  The  reader  of  it  will  be  surprised  and  delighted  at  the  disco 
veries  which  it  makes  to  him  of  the  wisdom  of  our  Church." — Edi 
tor's  Preface. 

"  A  calm  and  argumentative  statement  of  the  views  of  the  Church, 
as  conclusively  set  forth  in  her  Liturgy,  Articles,  and  Homilies. 
We  earnestly  recommend  it  both  to  the  clergy  and  laity."— Oh.  of 
Eng.  Quar.  Review. 

Eden,  Hon.  Robert  Henley,  afterwards  Lord 
Henley.  1.  Reports  of  Cases  in  H.  C.  of  Chancery,  1757- 
66;  from  the  MSS.  of  Lord  Chancellor  Northington,  Lon., 
1818,  2  vols.  r.  8vo;  2d  ed.,  with  addits.,  1827,  2  vols.  in  1, 
8vo ;  Phila.,  1839.  Lord  Northington's  decisions  were  first 
pub.  by  Ambler,  (Cases,  1737-83 :)  the  publication  of  Mr. 
Eden,  however,  a  descendant  of  his  lordship,  (formerly 
Lord  Keeper  Henley,)  are  much  to  be  preferred.  Ambler's 
errors  and  imperfections  are  to  some  extent  rectified  and 
remedied.  Cox's  Reports  (the  editor  of  Peere  Williams) 
contain  some  decisions  of  Lord  Northington  and  also  of 
Lord  Hardwicke. 

"  The  authority  of  Lord  Northington  is  very  great,  and  it  arose 
from  the  uncommon  vigour  and  clearness  of  his  understanding." 

See  1  Kent's  Com.;  Wallace's  Reporters,  82;  21  Amer. 
Jurist,  241;  12  Leg.  Obs.,  524;  Marvin's  Leg.  Bibl.,  288. 

2.  A  Treatise  on  the  Law  of  Injunctions,  Lon.,  1821,  8vo. 
1st  Amer.  ed.,  with  Notes  and  References  to  Amer.  Deci 
sions,  N.  York,  1822,  8vo ;  Albany,  1839.  3d  Amer.  ed.,  by 
Thos.  W.  Waterman,  N.  York,  1852,  2  vols.  8vo.  A  new 
English  edit,  is  now  (1858)  in  preparation.  3.  A  Practical 
Treatise  on  the  Bankrupt  Law,  as  amended  by  the  New  Act 
of  the  6th  Geo.  IV.,  c.  16;  2d  ed.,  Lon.,  1826,  8vo;  Phila., 
1841,  8vo.  4.  A  Digest  of  the  Bankrupt  Law,  with  an  Ap 
pendix  of  Precedents,  Ac.,  3d  ed.,  Lon.,  1832,  r.  8vo.  A 
new  ed.  is  now  (1858)  in  preparation. 

Eden,  Wm.     See  AUCKLAND,  LORD. 

Edens,  J.  Account  of  a  Journey  from  Port  Oratavia 
to  the  top  of  the  Peak  of  Teneriffe,  Phil.  Trans.,  1714. 

Edes.     Serms.,  1604,  8vo. 

Edgar,  John.  Decisions  of  the  Lords  of  Sessions 
from  Jan.,  1724,  to  Aug.,  1725,  Edin.,  1726,  fol. 

Edgar,  Sir  John,  i.  e.  Sir  Richard  Steele. 

Edgar,  John,  D.D.    Female  Virtue,  Lon.,  1841,  8vo. 


EDG 


EDG 


Edgar,  Samuel.  The  Variations  of  Popery,  Dubl., 
1832,  8vo ;  2d  ed.,  Lon.,  1838,  8vo. 

"  It  furnishes  many  a  strange  commentary  on  infallibility,  unity, 
uninterrupted  succession,  universality,  and  so  forth." — Lon.  Pres. 
JKcv.,  1837. 

The  object  of  this  work  with  respect  to  Popery  is  the 
same  as  Bossuet's  in  relation  to  Protestantism. 

Edgar,  Wm.  Vectigalium  Systema;  or  British  Cus 
toms,  Lon.,  1714,  8vo.  Statutes,  &c.  rel.  to  Eevenues  of 
Ireland,  1720,  8vo. 

Edgarton,  Miss  Sarah  C.     See  MAYO. 

Edge,  Wm.  John.  Appeal  to  the  readers  of  "Ancient 
Christianity,"  Lon.,  1840,  8vo. 

Edgecumbe,  James, D.D.  Human  Reason,1736,8vo. 

Edgecumbe,  Lord  Mountmorres.    See  MOUNT- 

MORRES. 

Edgeworth,  C.  Sneyd.  Memoirs  of  the  Abbe  Edge- 
worth,  Lon.,  1815,  8vo. 

Edgeworth,  Maria,  1767-1849,  was  the  daughter  of 
Richard  Lovell  Edgeworth,  of  Edgeworth's-town,  in  the 
county  of  Longford,  Ireland ;  a  gentleman  distinguished 
not  only  for  literary  taste  and  mechanical  ingenuity,  but 
also  as  the  successful  wooer  of  four  ladies,  who  in  turn  ac 
cepted  his  hand.  Maria,  a  daughter  of  the  first  marriage, 
was  born  in  Oxfordshire,  and  resided  in  England  until 
1782,  when  her  father  succeeded  to  the  family  estate,  and 
removed  to  Ireland.  Mr.  Edgeworth  took  a  lively  interest 
in  the  cause  of  education,  and  was  pleased  to  find  in  Maria 
an  able  literary  coadjutor.  In  1798  appeared  a  Treatise  on 
Practical  Education,  a  joint  production.  Miss  Edgeworth 
pub.  in  1810,  Early  Lessons,  in  ten  parts,  and  her  father 
added  a  continuation  in  1815,  2  vols.  12mo.  Another  joint 
work,  which  attained  great  popularity,  An  Essay  on  Irish 
Bulls,  made  its  appearance  in  1802.  Mr.  Edgeworth  is 
supposed  to  have  had  a  share  in  several  other  compositions 
pub.  by  Maria.  Castle  Rackrent,  issued  in  1801,  was  the 
first  of  a  series  of  novels  which  proved  the  possession  of 
powers  of  a  diversified  character — descriptive,  philosophi 
cal,  pathetic,  and  humorous — seldom  combined  in  one  in 
dividual.  Nor  is  this  the  highest  praise  which  is  to  be  ac 
corded  to  Miss  Edgeworth.  In  Belinda,  Leonora,  The 
Modern  Griselda,  Moral  Tales,  Popular  Tales,  the  Tales  of 
Fashionable  Life,  Patronage,  Harrington,  Ormond,  Helen, 
Ac.,  we  are  made  to  feel  that  our  amusement  is  not  the 
only,  nor  the  principal,  object  of  the  writer  who  so  charms 
us.  It  will  be  our  own  fault  if  mental  and  moral  improve 
ment — a  desire  to  gain  knowledge,  to  be  good,  and  to  do 
good — are  not  promoted  by  the  pen  of  Maria  Edgeworth. 
But  in  her  anxiety  to  teach  profitable  lessons  to  those  who 
had  already  assumed  the  responsibilities  of  life,  Miss  Edge- 
worth  did  not  permit  herself  to  forget  the  objects  of  her 
early  care,  to  whose  instruction  she  had  devoted  the  first 
fruits  of  her  clear  and  practical  intellect.  In  1822  she  pub. 
Rosamond,  a  Sequel  to  Early  Lessons ;  which  was  followed 
by  Harry  and  Lucy,  and  The  Parent's  Assistant.  She  com 
pleted  in  1820  a  Memoir  of  her  father,  (commenced  by  him,) 
who  died  in  1817.  We  give  the  contents  of  the  collective 
edition  of  Miss  Edgeworth's  Novels  and  Tales,  pub.  in  18 
vols.  12mo,  Lon.,  1832: 

Vol.  I.  Castle  Rackrent;  Essay  on  Irish  Bulls;  Essay 
on  Self- Justification..  II.  .Forester;  The  Prussian  Vase; 
The  Good  Aunt.  III.  Angelina;  The  Good  French  Go 
verness;  Mademoiselle  Panache ;  The  Knapsack.  IV.  Lame 
Jervas;  The  Will;  The  Limerick  Gloves;  Out  of  Debt, 
Out  of  Danger;  The  Lottery;  Rosanna.  V.  Murad  the 
Unlucky;  The  Manufacturers ;  The  Contrast;  The  Grate 
ful  Negro ;  To-morrow.  VI.  Ennui;  The  Dun.  VII.  Ma 
noeuvring;  Almeria.  VIII.  Vivian.  IX.  The  Absentee. 
X.  The  Absentee,  (concluded;)  Madame de  Fleury ;  Emilie 
de  Coulanges;  The  Modern  Griselda.  XI.,  XII.  Belinda. 
XIII.  Leonora;  Letters.  XIV.,  XV.  Patronage.  XVI.  Co 
mic"  Dramas.  XVII.  Harrington;  Thoughts  on  Bores. 
XVIII.  Ormond.  Tales  and  Novels,  N.  Y.,  1833-34, 10  vols. 

In  1834  Miss  Edgeworth  gave  to  the  world  Helen,  the 
last,  and  one  of  the  most  popular,  of  her  novels ;  and — true 
to  her  early  predilection  for  the  instruction  of  youth — closed 
her  useful  labours  by  the  juvenile  story  of  Orlandino.  A 
new  collective  edition  of  her  Tales  and  Miscellaneous  Pieces 
was  pub.  in  1848,  Lon.,  9  vols.  12mo.  Of  several  of  her 
works  there  have  been  numerous  editions.  In  America,  as 
well  as  at  home,  her  works  have  been  widely  circulated, 
and  are  highly  valued.  We  could  occupy  many  pages,  if 
permitted  by  our  limits,  with  commendations  by  the  highest 
authorities  of  Miss  Edgeworth's  compositions.  A  few  brief 
extracts  must  suffice : 

Sir  Walter  Scott  was  so  delighted  with  "the  rich  humour, 
pathetic  tenderness,  and  admirable  tact"  of  her  Irish  por 


traits,  that  he  determined  to  try  his  own  skill  in  drawing 
Scotch  character,  though  despairing  of  equalling  his  model : 

" '  If  I  could  but  hit  Miss  Edgeworth's  wonderful  power  of  vivi 
fying  all  her  persons,  and  making  them  live  as  beings  in  your  mind, 
I  should  not  be  afraid.'  Often  has  the  Author  of  Waverley  used 
such  language  to  me;  and  I  knew  that  I  gratified  him  most  when 
I  could  say — '  Positively  this  is  equal  to  Miss  Edgeworth.'  You 
will  thus  judge,  madam,  how  deeply  he  must  feel  such  praise  as 
you  have  bestowed  upon  his  efforts." — James  Ballantyne  to  Maria 
Edgevjorth,  respecting  her  commendation  of  Waverley.  llth  -ZV<w.  1814. 
See  Lockhart's  Life  of  Scott. 

We  need  hardly  remind  the  reader  of  the  memorable 
visit  paid  by  Maria  and  two  of  her  sisters  to  Abbotsford  in 
1823: 

"  Never,"  says  Mr.  Lockhart,  "  did  I  see  a  brighter  day  at  Abbots- 
ford  than  that  on  which  Miss  Edgeworth  first  arrived  there;  never 
can  I  forget  her  look  and  accent  when  she  was  received  by  him  at 
his  archway,  and  exclaimed, '  Every  thing  about  you  is  exactly  what 
one  ought  to  have  had  wit  enough  to  dream.' " — Ubi  supra. 

A  review  by  Sir  Walter  of  Miss  Edgeworth's  Patronage, 
will  be  found  in  the  Edinburgh  Review,  xxii.  416 : 

"The  taste  and  gallantry  of  the  age,"  remarks  the  distinguished 
critic,  "  may  have  at  last  pretty  generally  sanctioned  the  ardent 
admiration  with  which  we  greeted  the  first  steps  of  this  distin 
guished  lady  in  her  literary  career;  but  the  calmer  spirits  of  the 
South  can  hardly  yet  comprehend  the  exhilarating  effect  which  her 
reappearance  uniformly  produces  upon  the  saturnine  complexion  of 
their  Northern  Reviewers." 

"  Her  extraordinary  merit,  both  as  a  novelist  and  a  woman  of 
genius,  consists  in  her  having  selected  a  class  of  virtues  far  more 
difficult  to  treat  as  the  subject  of  fiction  than  others,  and  which 
had  therefore  been  left  by  former  writers  to  her." — Sir  James  Mack 
intosh. 

"  As  a  writer  of  tales  and  novels,  she  has  a  very  marked  pecu 
liarity.  It  is  that  of  venturing  to  dispense  common  sense  to  her 
readers,  and  to  bring  them  within  the  precincts  of  real  life  and 
natural  feeling.  She  presents  them  with  no  incredible  adventures 
or  inconceivable  sentiments,  no  hyperbolical  representations  of 
uncommon  character  or  monstrous  exhibitions  of  exaggerated 
passion.  Without  excluding  love  from  her  pages,  she  knows  how 
to  assign  to  it  its  just  limits.  She  neither  degrades  the  sentiment 
from  its  true  dignity,  nor  lifts  it  to  a  burlesque  elevation.  It  takes 
its  proper  place  among  the  passions.  Her  heroes  and  heroines,  if 
such  they  may  be  called,  are  never  miraculously  good,  nor  detest 
ably  wicked.  They  are  such  men  and  women  as  we  see  and  con 
verse  with  every  day  of  our  lives ;  with  the  same  proportional  mix 
ture  in  them  of  what  is  right  and  what  is  wrong,  of  what  is  great 
and  what  is  little." — LORD  DUDLEY  :  Lon.  Qiiar.  Rev.,  ii.  146,  1810. 

"  The  writings  of  Miss  Edgeworth  exhibit  so  singular  an  union 
of  sober  sense  and  inexhaustible  invention — so  minute  a  know 
ledge  of  all  that  distinguishes  manners,  or  touches  on  happiness 
in  every  condition  of  human  fortune — and  so  just  an  estimate  both 
of  the  real  sources  of  enjoyment,  and  of  the  illusions  by  which  they 
are  so  often  obstructed, — that  it  cannot  be  thought  wonderful  that 
we  should  separate  her  from  the  ordinary  manufacturer  of  novels, 
and  speak  of  Tier  Tales  as  works  of  more  serious  importance  than 
much  of  the  true  history  and  solemn  philosophy  that  comes  daily 
under  our  inspection.  ...  It  is  impossible,  we  think,  to  read  ten 
pages  in  any  of  her  writings,  without  feeling,  not  only  that  the 
whole,  but  that  every  part  of  them,  was  intended  to  do  good."— 
LORD  JEFFREY  :  Edin.  Rev.,  xx.  100,  1812 ;  xxviii.  391, 1817. 

"  Some  one  has  described  the  novels  of  Miss  Edgeworth  as  a  sort 
of  essence  of  common  sense ;  and  the  definition  is  not  inappropri 
ate."— SIR  WALTER  SCOTT. 

"  She  is  the  author  of  works  never  to  be  forgotten ;  of  works 
which  can  never  lose  their  standard  value  as  « English  classics,' 
and  deserve  that  honourable  name  infinitely  more  than  half  the 
dull  and  licentious  trash  bound  up  in  our  libraries  under  that 
title.  .  .  .  Her  novels  always  found  an  eager  reception,  at  a  time 
when  the  poetry  of  Scott,  of  Campbell,  and  of  Crabbe,  was  issuing 
in  its  freshness  from  the  press,  when  the  Edinburgh  and  Quarterly 
Reviews,  then  splendid  novelties,  were  to  be  duly  read  and  studied, 
when  Madame  de  Stael  was  at  her  zenith,  and,  in  a  word,  when 
the  competition  of  the  noblest  wits  was  only  less  keen  than  at  the 
present  day."— EDWARD  EVERETT:  N.  Amer.  Rev.,  xvii.  388, 1823. 

A  very  interesting  account  of  a  visit  to  Maria  Edgeworth 
is  given  in  Mr.  and  Mrs.  S.  C.  Hall's  work,  entitled  Ireland  ; 
and  reviews  of  her  works  will  be  found  in  the  Edin.  Rev., 
vols.  viii.,  xiv.,  xx.,  xxii.,  xxviii.,  and  xxxiv. ;  Lon.  Quar. 
Rev.,  vols.  ii.,  vii.,  xvii.,  and  li. ;  Lon.  Monthly  Rev.,  vols. 
Ixxxviii.  and  cix ;  N.  Amer.  Rev.,vols.  vi.,  xvii.,  and  xxxix. ; 
and  other  prominent  periodicals.  See  also  Allan  Cunning 
ham's  Biog.  and  Crit.  Hist,  of  the  Lit.  of  the  last  Fifty 
Years. 

Edgeworth,  Richard  Lovell,  1744-1817,  a  native 
of  Bath,  father  of  Maria  Edgeworth,  has  already  come 
under  our  notice  in  the  preceding  article.  The  reader  will 
find  a  particular  account  of  this  gentleman  in  his  Memoirs, 
(completed  by  his  daughter  Maria,)  pub.  in  1820,  2  vols. 
8vo.  He  pub.  a  number  of  works  in  addition  to  those  al 
ready  noticed  as  the  joint  productions  of  himself  and 
daughter.  A  Letter  on  the  Telegraph,  and  on  the  Defence 
of  Ireland,  Lon.,  1796,  8vo.  Poetry  explained  for  the  use 
of  Young  People,  1802,  8vo.  Essays  on  Professional  Edu 
cation,  1809,  4to.  An  Essay  on  the  Construction  of  Roads 
and  Carriages,  1810,  '13,  8vo. 

"  The  directions  for  making  roads  are  very  sensible  and  enlight 
ened,  and  put  forth  the  practised  modes  of  the  present  day." — 
Donaldson's  Agricult.  Biog, 


EDG 

Continuation  of  Maria  Edgeworth's  Early  Lessons,  1815, 
8vo.  Contributions  on  Natural  Philosophy,  Natural  His 
tory,  Mechanics,  .fee.,  to  Phil.  Trans.,  1783,  '84;  Archseol., 
1785  j  Trans.  Roy.  Irish  Acad.,  1788,  '97 ;  Nic.  Jour.,  1806, 
'09,  '10,  '11  j  Phil.  Mag.,  1815,  '16.  Mr.  Edgeworth  re 
peatedly  obtained  prizes  from  the  Society  of  Arts  for  his 
mechanical  contrivances.  He  was  the  principal  literary 
adviser  of  his  celebrated  daughter,  and  she  derived  great 
advantages  from  his  intelligent  co-operation.  We  have 
noticed  his  Letter  on  the  Telegraph,  pub.  in  1796.  An 
Essay  of  his,  on  The  Art  of  Conveying  Secret  and  Swift 
Intelligence,  will  be  found  in  Trans.  Roy.  Irish  Acad.,  1797. 

Edgeworth,  or  Edgworth,  Roger,  d.  about  1560, 
a  zealous  R.  Catholic  divine,  was  made  Chancellor  of  Wells 
in  1554.  He  held  several  important  ecclesiastical  posts. 
Sermons  very  Fruitefull  and  Learned  preached  and  sette 
foorth,  Lon.,  1557,  4to  and  8vo.  Two  of  his  tracts,  on  the 
Sacraments,  and  Bishops  and  Priests,  will  be  found  in  the 
Appendix  to  Bishop  Burnet's  History  of  the  Reformation ; 
and  copious  extracts  from  his  sermons  are  inserted  by  Dr. 
Dibdin  in  his  Library  Companion. 

"  His  Discourses  are  not  only  worth  possessing,  from  being  very 
uncommon,  but  from  containing  much  curious  and  interesting  in 
telligence  ;  delivered,  upon  the  whole,  with  considerable  caution, 
but  with  the  decisive  tone  of  Catholic  zeal." —  Ubi  supra. 

Edgeworth,  Theodore,  supposed  to  be  an  assumed 
name.  The  Shipwreck;  or,  Memoirs  of  an  Irish  Officer 
and  his  Family,  1811,  3  vols.  12mo. 

Edgley,  Samuel.     Serm.,  Oxf.,  1724,  4to. 

Edguardus,  Dav.  De  Indiciis  et  Praecognitionibus. 
Eivsdem  in  Anatomicen  Introductio,  Lon.,  1532,  8vo. 

Edgworth,  Robert.     Case  of,  Ac.,  foL 

Edie,  George.     English  Shooting,  Lon.,  1772,  8vo. 

Edington,  Robert.  Penitentiary  for  the  Employment 
of  Convicts,  1803,  4to;  1816.  Coal  Trade,  1813,  8vo. 

Edkius,  Joshua.     Collec.  of  Poems,  1801,  8vo. 

Edlin,  A.  Two  Cases  of  Gout,  Uxb.,  1804,  12mo. 
Bread-Making,  Lon.,  1805,  12mo.  Malignant  Sore  Throat. 

Edlyn,  Richard.  Astrological  Judgment,  <fcc.,  Lon., 
1658,  '68,  8vo.  Prsenuncius  Sydereus,  1664,  4to. 

EdmeadjWm.  Commuting  the  Tythes,Lon.,1816,8vo. 

Edmer.     See  EADMER. 

Edmeston,  James.  Sacred  Lyrics,  Lon.,  1821,  '22, 
3  vols.  12mo. 

"We  must  make  room  for  one  more  extract,  which  will  amply 
justify  Mr.  Edmeston's  claim  to  true  poetic  feeling." — Eclectic  Re 
view,  June,  1821. 

Hymns,  1844.  Sonnets,  1845.  Closet  Hymns  and  Poems, 
1846,  '53.  Sacred  Poetry,  1848. 

Edmond,Mrs.  Amanda M.,formerly  Miss  Corey, 
is  a  native  of  Brookline,  Massachusetts.  She  has  pub. 
The  Broken  Vow  and  other  Poems,  chiefly  written  between 
the  ages  of  14  and  18 ;  and  The  Forget-Me-Not :  a  gift  for 
Sabbath-School  Children. 

Edmondes,  Edmonds,  or  Edmunds,  Sir  Cle 
ment,  1566-1622,  Remembrancer  of  the  City  of  London, 
a  son  of  Sir  Thomas  Edmondes,  filled  several  posts  at  court. 
Observ.  on  the  1st  5  Books  of  Csesar's  Commentaries,  Lon., 
1600,  fol. ;  on  the  6th  and  7th  Books,  1600,  fol. ;  on  Csesar's 
Comment,  on  the  Civil  Wars,  1609,  fol.  All  or  most  of  them 
are  reprinted  with  an  8th  Comment,  by  Hirtius  Pansa,  1677, 
fol.  Caesar's  Comment,  in  English,  1655,  '95,  fol.  Observ. 
on  the  Landing  of  Forces,  &c.,  1758,  8vo.  Of  Sir  Clement 
Edmondes,  we  are  told  that 

"  His  dextrous  pen  made  him  most  worthily  esteemed  in  his  own 
vocation:  and  in  the  art  military,  by  Cfesar's  confession,  an  un 
derstanding  soldier.  He  lived  iaithfully  industrious  in  his  place 
and  died  religiously  constant  in  the  belief  of  the  resurrection,"  &c 
—Epitaph  on  his  monument. 

Edmondes, Sir  Thomas, 1563-1639,  a  distinguished 
English  statesman.  See  a  number  of  his  Letters  and  ab 
stracts  from  others  in  Dr.  Birch's  Hist.  View  of  the  Nego 
tiations  between  the  Courts  of  England,  France,  and  Brus 
sels,  1592-1617,  in  Birch's  Memoirs  of  Queen  Elizabeth 
and  in  Lodge's  Illustrations  of  British  History. 

Edmonds,  Charles.     See  GAMING,  GEORGE. 

Edmonds,  Cyrus  R.  1.  Life  and  Times  of  General 
George  Washington,  Lon.,  1835,  2  vols.  18mo;  1839,  2  vols 
18mo.  2.  Introduc.  to  Leland's  View  of  Deistical  Writers 
Lon.,  1837,  8vo. 

Edmonds,  John.  Wisdom  of  Providence,  Lon.,  1761 
8vo. 

Edmonds,  Judge  John  W.,  and  George  T.  Dex 
ter,  M.D.  Spiritualism;  with  an  Appendix  by  Nathaniel 
P.  Tallmadge,  New  York,  1853-55,  2  vols.  8vo. 

Edmonds,  T.     4th  Commandment,  Ac.,  1801. 

Edmondson,  Christopher.     Serm.,  1664,  12mo. 

Edmondson,  Henry,  1607-1659,  Fellow  of  Queen's 
Coll.,  Oxf.  Lingua  Linguarum,  Lon.,  'l655,  8vo.  Homo- 


EDW 

iyma  et  Synonyma  Linguae  Latinse  conjuncta  et  distincta, 
1661. 

Edmondson,  J.     Prodigies,  Lon.,  1710,  fol. 
Edmonson,  Jonathan,  Wesleyan  minister.     Chris 
tian  Ministry,  Lon.,  1828,  12mo. 

"  A  very  valuable  and  judicious  manual,  more  especially  adapted 
to  the  use  of  junior  preachers  among  the  Wesleyan  Methodists." 

Revealed  Religion,  1839,  12mo.  Short  Serms.,  6th  ed., 
1845,  2  vols.  12mo.  Heavenly  World,  3d  ed.,  1850,  18mo. 
Self-Government,  4th  ed.,  1852, 12mo.  J.  D.  and  R.  Treffry  ; 
Serms.  on  the  Holy  Ghost,  12mo. 

Edmondson,  or  Edmonson,  Joseph,  d.  1786,  ori 
ginally  a  barber,  was  in  1764  appointed  Mowbray-Herald 
Extraordinary.  1.  Hist.  Account  of  the  Greville  Family, 
Lon.,  1766,  8vo.  2.  Companion  to  the  Peerage  of  Great 
Britain  and  Ireland,  1776,  8vo.  3.  A  Complete  Body  of 
Heraldry,  1780,  2  vols.  fol.  In  the  first  of  these  vols.  Ed 
mondson  had  the  valuable  assistance  of  Sir  Joseph  Aylofie, 
Bart.  The  2d  vol.  consists  of  an  Alphabet  of  Arms,  which 
contains  upwards  of  50,000  coats,  crests,  <fec.  4.  Barona- 
gium  Genealogicuin ;  or,  Pedigree  of  English  Peers,  1764— 
84,  6  vols.  fol.  In  this  work,  also,  Sir  Joseph  Ayloife  ren 
dered  assistance.  s  Marquis  of  Townshend,  1064,  £18  18». 
Large  paper,  Duke  of  York,  1988,  £26  15s.  6d.  There  is  a 
copy  in  the  British  Museum,  with  MS.  notes  and  additions 
by  F.  Hargrave.  When  possible,  there  should  stand  next 
to  this  work  on  the  shelf  the  Five  Reports  from  the  Lords 
Committee  touching  the  Dignity  of  a  Peer  of  the  Realm, 
Ac.,  edit.  1829,  5  vols.  fol. ;  containing  the  copious  Indexes 
and  the  5th  Appendix,  "  Patents  of  Creations,  and  Instru 
ments  affording  evidence  of  Creation."  5.  Tables  of  Pre 
cedency,  (1764,)  18mo,  pp.  14,  all  engraved.  6.  The  Pre 
sent  Peerages,  1785,  8vo,  pp.  428,  with  86  plates. 

Edmons,  Thomas.  To  Free-Masons,  Lon.,  1766,8vo. 

Edmonstone,  Sir  Arch.,  Bart  1.  Journey  to  two  of 
the  Oases  of  Upper  Egypt,  Lon.,  1822,  8vo.  A  valuable 
work  to  the  antiquary.  The  most  remote  of  these  oases 
had  never  before  been  visited  by  a  European.  2.  Christian 
Gentleman's  Daily  Walk,  3d  ed.,  1850, 12mo.  3.  Progress 
of  Religion ;  a  Poem,  18*42,  12mo.  Meditations  in  Verse 
for  Sundays  and  Holidays,  1853,  18mo. 

Edmonstone,Arthur,M.D.  Ophthalmia,  Lon.,  1802, 
8vo ;  Treatise  on  ditto,  Edin.,  1806,  8vo.  View  of  the  An 
cient  and  Present  State  of  the  Zetland  Islands,  1809,  2 
vols.  8vo. 

"  Dr.  E.  is  a  native  of  these  islands,  and  has  long  resided  there : 
perhaps,  if  these  favourable  circumstances  had  been  aided  by  a 
sounder  judgment;  a  better  taste,  and  more  knowledge,  this  work 
would  have  been  improved.  As  it  is,  it  may  advantageously  be 
consulted  for  what  relates  to  the  civil,  political,  and  natural  his 
tory,  agriculture,  fisheries,  and  commerce,  antiquities,  manners, 
&c.,  of  these  islands." — Stevenson's  Voyages  and  Travels. 

"Upon  the  whole,  the  book  is  bad;  and  though  it  does  state 
some  facts  that  ought  to  be  generally  known,  bears  evident  marks 
not  only  of  haste  and  carelessness,  but  of  absolute  and  utter  igno 
rance  of  the  object  it  affects  to  discuss." — Edin.  Review. 

Edmonstone,  Wm.  Prevention  of  an  Evil  injurious 
to  Health,  Lon.,  1782,  8vo.  The  Reviewers  Corrected, 
1785,  8vo. 

Edmund,  St.,  Archbishop  of  Canterbury,  d.  1242,  a 
native  of  Abingdon,  Berkshire,  was  educated  at  the  Uni 
versity  of  Paris  and  University  Coll.,  Oxf.  He  is  said  to 
have  been  the  first  who  taught  logic  at  Oxford.  He  was 
consecrated  Archbishop  of  Canterbury  in  1234;  went  into 
voluntary  exile,  and  died  at  Soissy.  He  left  many  writ 
ings;  see  Speculum  Ecclesise :  Bibl.  Max.  Patr.,  xxv.  316: 
Liber  Miraculorum  B.  Eadmundi  Orientalium  Anglorum 
regis,  auctore  anonymo :  Martene  et  Durand  Collectio,  vi. 
821. 

Edmund  de  Hadenham,  Monk  of  Rochester.  An- 
nales  Ecclesiae  Roftensis,  804  ad  1307.  See  Wharton'a 
Anglia  Sacra,  i.  327. 

Edmunds,  John.  Village  Serms.,  1st  series,  Lon., 
1851 ;  2d  series,  1853,  12mo. 

"  They  are  plain,  scriptural,  and  practical." — Lon.  Chris.  Times. 

Edmunds,  Richard.  Solicitor's  Guide.  Pleas  in 
Exchequer,  Lon.,  1794,  8vo. 

Edmundson,  Wm.  A  Journal  of  his  Life,  Travels, 
Sufferings,  and  Labour  of  Love  in  the  work  of  the  Minis 
try,  Lon.,  1774,  8vo. 

Edridge,  Mrs.  Rebecca.  The  Lapse  of  Time;  a 
Poem,  1802,  4to.  The  Highest  Castle  and  Lowest  Cave; 
a  Novel,  3  vols.  12mo.  The  Scrinium ;  a  Collection  of  Tales, 
2  vols.  12mo. 

"  We  would  sum  up  our  whole  review  of  the  Scrinium  by  say 
ing  that  it  is,  except  the  Sketch-Book,  [by  Washington  Irving,]  the 
best  miscellaneous  prose-work  of  its  kind  which  has  come  under 
our  notice."— ion.  Literary  Register,  July  6, 1822. 

Edward  VI.,  King  of  England,  1538-1553,  son 
of  Henry  VIII.  and  Jane  Seymour,  succeeded  to  the  throne 


EDW 


EDW 


in  1547,  at  the  age  often  years.  Injuncions  geven  by  Kynge 
Edward  ye  Sixte,  1574,  4to.  Conference  with  the  Lord- 
Admiral.  Proceedings  in  Council.  Arguments  against  the 
Pope's  Supremacy,  1682.  Holland  declares  that  the  king 
composed  a  "  most  elegant  comedy,"  entitled  The  Whore 
of  Babylon.  His  Diary,  a  Journal,  was  pub.  by  Burnet. 

Edward,  Bowyer,  Lord  Bishop  of  Ely.  Serm., 
3810.  Ditto,  1810.  A  Charge,  1813. 

Edward,  J.,  LL.D.  Report  of  Decisions  H.  Ct.  of 
Admiralty  rel.  to  Vessels  under  Brit.  Licenses,  1812. 

Edwardes,  Herbert  Benjamin,  Major  in  the 
E.  I.  Co.'s  Service,  b.  1820,  at  Frodesley,  Shropshire,  has 
distinguished  himself  in  India,  and  is  now  commissioner 
at  Peshawur.  An  account  of  some  of  the  most  important 
events  of  his  life  will  be  found  in  his  work  entitled  A  Year 
on  the  Punjaub  Frontier  in  1848-49,  Lon.,  1851,  2  vols.  8vo. 

Edwards.  Otha  and  Rutha;  a  Dram.  Tale,  1781,  12mo. 

Edwards,  Archdeacon,  of  St.  Mary's  Church,  Bre 
con.  Serm.,  Lon.,  1801,  4to. 

Edwards,  Bela  B*,  late  Professor  at  Andover,  was 
well  known  as  the  author  of  a  Biography  of  Self-Taught 
Men,  Eclectic  Reader,  co-editor  of  Bibliotheca  Sacra,  con 
tributor  to  Ancient  Literature  and  Art,  <fcc.  A  collection  of 
his  writings,  with  a  Memoir  by  his  late  colleague,  Professor 
Park,  was  pub.  in  1853,  Boston,  2  vols.  12mo. 

Edwards,  Bryan,  M.P.,  1743-1800,  a  native  of  West- 
bury,  Wiltshire,  resided  for  some  years  in  the  West  Indies. 
He  pub.  several  treatises  on  W.  India  questions,  but  his 
principal  work  is  The  History,  Civil  and  Ecclesiastical,  of 
the  British  Colonies  in  the  West  Indies,  Lon.,  1793,  2  vols. 
4to;  2d  ed.,  1794,  2  vols.  4to;  vol.  iii.,  with  plates,  1801, 
4to.  This  last  vol.,  which  consists  chiefly  of  Tracts,  for 
merly  pub.  in  a  separate  form,  was  edited  by  Sir  William 
Young.  It  also  includes  Edwards's  History  of  St.  Domingo, 
(first  pub.  in  1791,  4to,)  and  a  Memoir  of  his  early  life, 
written  by  himself,  5th  ed.,  1819,  5  vols.  8vo,  and  one  4to 
vol.  of  plates  ;  vols.  iv.  and  v.  now  first  pub.,  considered 
inferior  to  their  predecessors.  An  abridgment  of  the  first 
three  vols.  was  pub.  in  1794,Lon.,2  vols.  8vo,and  in  1799,8vo. 

"  The  History  of  the  West  Indies  is  well  entitled  to  the  popu 
larity  it  has  long  enjoyed.  The  subject  is  varied  and  interesting  ; 
and  though  written  in  rather  an  ambitious  style,  with  a  strong 
bias  in  favour  of  the  old  colonial  system,  and  a  disposition  to  ex 
tenuate  the  cruelties  that  were  too  often  inflicted  on  the  slaves,  it 
is  a  most  valuable  addition  to  our  historical  library.  But  the  con 
tinuation,  we  are  sorry  to  say,  is  quite  unworthy  of  the  original 
work  and  of  the  subject  ;  and  we  do  not  know  that  any  better  ser 
vice  could  be  done  to  colonial  and  commercial  literature  than  to 
publish  an  edition  of  Edwards's  work  that  should  complete  the 
history  and  continue  it  to  the  present  time."—  McOuOoch's  Lit.  of 
PoUt.  Economy. 

"  This  work  justly  bears  an  excellent  character,  and  is  very  full 
and  minute  on  almost  every  topic  connected  with  these  islands."  — 
Stevenson's  Voyages  and  Travels. 

In  1795,  Mr.  Wm.  Preston,  of  Dublin,  addressed  a  Letter 
to  Bryan  Edwards,  Esq.,  containing  observ.  on  some  pas 
sages  of  his  Hist,  of  the  West  Indies.  Mr.  P.  attacks  Ed 
wards  as  an  apologist  for  slavery. 

Of  the  History  of  St.  Domingo,  already  noticed,  a  2d  ed. 
was  pub.  separately  in  1797,  4to.  This  work  is  commended 

"  For  the  highly-important  facts  and  observations  which  it  con 
tains,  for  the  ability  displayed  in  their  arrangement,  and  for  the 
strongly  expressive,  correct,  and  often  beautiful  language  in  which 
they  are  conveyed  to  the  reader's  understanding."  —  Lon.  Monthly 


Mr.  Edwards  pub.  in  1798  —  not  intended  for  sale  —  Pro 
ceedings  of  the  Association  for  promoting  the  Discovery 
of  the  interior  parts  of  Africa,  Ac.,  4to.  A  vol.  of  his 
Poems  also  was  privately  printed. 

Edwards,  Carolus.  Hanes  y  Ffydd  et  Hebraismo- 
rum  Cambro-Britannicorum  Specimen.,  Oxon.,  1671,  Svo; 
1675,  4to. 

Edwards,  Charles,  b.  1797,  in  England,  counsellor- 
at-law  in  the  city  of  New  York.  The  Juryman's  Guide  for 
the  State  of  New  York,  N.  York,  1831,  8vo.  Parties  to 
Bills  and  other  Pleadings  '  Chancery,  Albany,  1832,  8vo. 
Feathers  from  my  own  Wings  ;  Poems  and  Tales,  N.  York, 
1833,  12mo.  Receivers  in  Chancery;  1839,  Svo;  1846. 
Reports  of  Chancery  Cases,  1st  Circuit,  St.  of  New  York, 
1831-45,  4  vols.  8vo.  History  and  Poetry  of  Finger  Rings, 
1855,  12mo.  A  curious  and  interesting  volume. 

Edwards,  D.    Serms.,  <fcc.,  Lon.,  1770,  '76. 

Edwards,  E.     Twenty-one  Serms.,  Lon.,  1838,  12mo. 

Edwards,  E.,  of  the  British  Museum.  Fine  Arts  in 
England,  their  State  and  Prospects  considered  relatively 
to  National  Education,  Lon.,  1840,  8vo. 

Edwards,  Edward,  M.D.  Analysis  of  Chirvrgery, 
Lon.,  1636,  4to.  The  Cvre  of  all  sorts  of  Fevers,  1638  4to. 
The  Whole  Art  of  Chirvrgery,  1639,  4to. 

Edwards.  Edward.     Serm.,  1759,  8vo. 

544 


Edwards,  Edward.  Zenophontis,  <fec.,  Lon.,  1785. 
Serm.,  1794,  4to.  Brown  Willis's  Survey  of  St.  Asaph, 
enlarged  and  brought  down  to  the  present  time  ;  with  the 
Life  of  the  Author,  Appendices,  &c.,  1801,  '02,  2  vols.  Svo. 
Edwards,  Edward,  1738-1806,  teacher  of  perspec 
tive  in  the  Royal  Academy.  Treatise  of  Perspective,  Lon., 
1803,  4to;  1806,  4to.  Anecdotes  of  Painters  who  have  re 
sided  or  been  born  in  England,  1808,  4to.  Intended  as  a 
continuation  of  Walpole's  Anecdotes  of  Painting.  Some 
copies  are  on  large  paper,  r.  4to. 

Edwards,  Edivard.  Memoirs  of  Libraries,  together 
with  a  Practical  Hand-Book  of  Library  Economy,  2  vols. 
r.  Svo;  50  copies  on  large  paper,  imp.  Svo.  This  valuable 
work,  on  which  Mr.  Edwards  has  been  employed  for  some 
years,  is  now  (1858)  being  prepared  for  publication.  To 
Mr.  Edwards  we  are  also  indebted  for  the  Account  of  Ame 
rican  Libraries  in  N.  Triibner's  Bibliographical  Guide  to 
American  Literature,  1858,  Svo,  and  for  the  article  "News 
papers"  in  Encyc.  Brit.,  vol.  xvi.,  8th  ed.,  1858. 

Edwards,  Frederic.  Laws  of  Gaming,  Horse  Rac 
ing,  and  Wages,  Lon.,  1839,  12mo. 

Edwards,  G.  C.  Powers  and  Duties  of  Justices  of 
the  Peace  and  Town  Officers  in  the  State  of  New  York,  4th 
ed.  by  D.  McMaster,  Ithaca,  1840,  Svo. 

Edwards,  George,  1694-1773,  an  eminent  naturalist, 
travelled  in  Holland,  Norway,  and  France,  in  pursuit  of 
his  favourite  study.  Natural  History  of  Birds,  and  of 
some  other  rare  and  undescribed  Animals,  Quadrupeds, 
Reptiles,  Fishes,  Insects,  &c.,  Lon.,  1743,  '47,  '50,  '51,  4 
vols.  4to.  It  contains  figures  and  descriptions  of  216  birds, 
and  40  beasts  and  reptiles.  Gleanings  of  Natural  History, 
1758,  '60,  '63;  50  copper-plates,  exhibiting  70  birds,  &c. 
Considered  as  a  continuation  of  the  preceding  work.  The 
7  vols.  are  generally  sold  together.  A  new  edit,  of  the  7 
vols.  was  pub.  1802-06,  with  362  coloured  plates,  r.  4to, 
£30  ;  large  paper,  folio,  £50.  Essays  upon  Natural  His 
tory,  &c.,  1770,  Svo.  See  Memoirs  of  Edwards's  Life  and 
Works,  1776,  4to.  Some  papers  of  Mr.  E.'s  on  natural 
history  will  be  found  in  Phil.  Trans.,  1754,  '55,  '57,  '60, 
'63,  '65,  '71.  Edwards  revised  a  new  edit,  of  Catesby's 
Nat.  Hist,  of  Carolina,  Ac.  See  CATESBY,  MARK. 

"  Edwards's  works  are  assuredly  the  most  valuable  on  general 
ornithology  that  have  ever  appeared  in  England.  No  zoological 
library  should  be  without  them."  —  SWAINSON. 

Edwards,  George.  Elements  of  Fossilogy,  Lon., 
1776,  Svo.  His  Adventures,  1751,  12mo. 

Edwards,  George,  M.D.  Perfection  of  G.  Britain, 
Lon.,  1787,  2  vols.  4to;  Regeneration  of  do.,  1790,  2  vols. 
4to.  Diseases  of  the  Human  Body,  1791,  4to.  Dr.  Ed 
wards  wrote  other  works  on  politics,  political  economy,  <fcc. 
Edwards,  Henry.  A  Collection  of  Remarkable  Cha 
rities  and  Old  English  Customs,  Lon.,  1842,  p.  Svo. 

Edwards,  Henry,  D.D.,  LL.D.  Piety  and  Intellect 
relatively  estimated,  Lon.,  1843;  4th  ed.,  1852,  12mo. 

Illustrations  of  the  Wisdom  and  Benevolence  of  the 
Deity,  1845,  sq. 

"  A  little  excursion  in  the  track  of  Paley  and  the  broad  road  of 
the  Bridgewater  Treatises."  —  Lon.  Lit.  Gazette. 

Marriage;  a  Poem  in  Four  Cantos,  3d  ed.,  1843,  fp.  Svo. 
"  This  poem  will  be  greatly  admired  by  the  ladies."—  TaiVs  Edin. 
Mag. 

Dr.  Edwards  has  pub.  several  other  theolog.  and  poetical 
works. 

Edwards,  James.  Tabulae  Distantiae,  Dorking,  1789, 
4to.  Companion  from  London  to  Brighthelmston,  Lon., 
1801,  4to. 

Edwards,  John,  D.D.,  1637-1716,  a  Calvinist  divine, 
a  native  of  Hertford,  Fellow  of  St.  John's  Coll.,  Cainb.  ; 
minister  of  Trinity  Church,  Camb.,  1664;  preferred  to  St. 
Peter's  Church,  Colchester,  about  1676;  removed  to  Cam 
bridge,  1697.  He  was  a  son  of  Thomas  Edwards,  author 
of  Gangraena,  Ac.  He  pub.  many  serms.  and  theolog. 
works,  some  of  which  we  notice:  An  Inquiry  into  four 
remarkable  Texts  of  the  N.  Test,  Lon.,  1692,  Svo  ;  a  farther 
Inquiry,  1692,  Svo.  Authority,  Style,  and  Perfection  of 
the  Books  of  the  Old  and  New  Test,  1693-96,  3  vols.  Svo. 
Excercitationes,  Critical,  Philosophical,  Historical,  and 
Theological,  1702,  Svo. 

"  Much  acuteness,  learning,  and  piety  in  these  writings,  [the 
three  last-named  works.]"  —  Bicker  steth's  Oiristian  Student. 
The  Preacher;  three  parts,  1705,  '06,  '09. 
"  Some  useful  remarks,  though  with  severity,  on  several  writers. 
He  was  answered  by  Robert  Lightfoot,  which  led  to  a  vindication 
and  a  rejoinder."—  Bickersteth's  Christian  Student. 

Veritas  Redux;  or,  Evangelical  Truths  Restored,  1707, 
Svo. 

"  Takes  the  opposite  views  to  Whitby."—  Bickersteth's  C.  S. 
Theologia  Reformata,  or  the  Substance  and  Body  of  the 
Christian  Religion,  1713,  2  vols.  fol.     Vol.  iii.  (very  rare) 


EDW 


EDW 


pub.  after  his  death,  in  1726,  fol.  Another  ed.,  1733-43, 
3  vols.  fol. 

"  Edwards's  Theologia  Reformata  will  be  no  contemptible  trea 
sure  for  you  on  all  occasions." — Mather's  Student. 

He  wrote  several  pieces  against  Locke's  Reasonableness 
of  Christianity.  Pathologia  (in  his  Remains,  1713,  8vo.) 
Edwards  here  takes  the  same  view  as  Daillie.  See  other 
publications  of  this  excellent  author  in  Watt's  Bibl.  Brit. 
He  did  not  hesitate  to  criticize  the  opinions  of  Whiston, 
Locke,  Whitby,  and  Samuel  Clarke. 

"  It  is  impossible  to  peruse  any  of  the  writings  of  Edwards  with 
out  being  pleased  with  the  earnestness  with  which  the  writer  de 
voted  himself  to  the  interpretation  of  the  Scriptures.  He  was  a 
man  of  piety  and  considerable  learning,  and  by  no  means  destitute 
of  acutenes's.  A  very  great  number  of  difficult  passages  are  ex 
amined  in  the  above  works,  [The  Inquiry,  Style,  and  Perfection  of 
the  0.  and  N.  Test,  and  Excercitations,]  and  he  must  be  no  ordinary 
scholar  who  does  not  find  instruction  in  them." — Orme's  Bibl.  Bib. 

"That  he  was  a  man  of  extensive  learning  cannot  be  denied; 
and  in  the  materials  from  which  we  have  drawn  up  this  article,  he 
i*  said  to  have  been  the  Paul,  the  Augustine,  the  Brawardine,  the 
Calvin  of  his  age."—  DR.  KIPPIS  :  Biog.  Brit.,  q.  v. 

"  Edwards  was  a  voluminous  writer  of  a  controversial  spirit,  who 
pointed  out  and  endeavoured  to  check  the  departure  from  reforma 
tion  principles  in  his  time,  but  not  in  the  spirit  that  would  com 
mend  his  sentiments." — Bickcrstcth's  O.  S. 

Edwards,  John.  British  Herbal,  Lon.,  1770,  fol.; 
1775.  With  100  col'd  plates  of  flowers  which  blow  in  the 
open  air  of  G.  Britain,  with  descriptions  and  manner  of 
cultivation. 

Edwards,  John.     Serms.,  Lon.,  1773,  8vo. 

Edwards,  John.  Goose  Grass  for  Scurvy,  Lon., 
1784,  8vo. 

Edwards,  John.  The  Patriot  Soldier ;  a  Poem,  1784, 
4to.  Kathleen,  1808,  4to.  Abradates  and  Pan thea;  a  Tra 
gedy,  1808,  8vo.  Interests  of  Ireland,  1815. 

Edwards,  John.     Serins.,  &c.,  Lon.,  1791-1806. 

Edwards,  Jonathan,  D.D.,  1629-1712,  a  native  of 
Wrexham,  Denbighshire,  entered  Christ  Church,  Oxford, 
1655 ;  Fellow  of  Jesus  Coll.,  1662 ;  Rector  of  Kiddington,  Ox 
fordshire,  which  (in  1681)  he  exchanged  for  Hinton,  Hamp 
shire;  Principal  of  Jesus  Coll.,  1686.  Remarks  upon  Dr. 
Sherlock's  Examination  of  the  Oxford  Decree,  Ac.,  Oxf., 
1695,  4to ;  anon.  A  Preservative  against  Socinianism,  in  4 
parts;  with  an  Index  by  Mr.T.Hearne,  Oxf.,1698-1703, 4to. 

"  Valuable  and  satisfactory." — BickersteWs  Chris.  Student. 

On  the  2d  Article,  1702.  A  Vindication  of  the  Doctrine 
of  Original  Sin,  Oxf.,  1711, 8vo.  This  is  against  Dr.  Daniel 
Whitby. 

Edwards,  Jonathan,  1703-1758,  an  eminent  meta 
physician  and  divine,  was  born  on  the  5th  of  October,  at 
Windsor,  in  the  province  of  Connecticut.  His  ancestors, 
who  were  English,  emigrated  to  America  in  the  reign  of 
Queen  Elizabeth.  His  father,  Rev.  Timothy  Edwards,  was 
pastor  of  a  church  in  Windsor  for  sixty  years.  In  1716 
Jonathan  became  a  student  of  Yale  College,  where  he  re 
ceived  the  degree  of  B.A.  in  his  seventeenth  year.  He 
evinced  at  an  early  age  that  love  for  metaphysical  studies 
which  was  the  principal  characteristic  of  his  very  remark 
able  intellect.  When  only  thirteen,  he  read  Locke  On 
the  Human  Understanding,  with  a  keener  delight  than  a 
"  miser  feels  when  gathering  up  handfuls  of  silver  and  gold 
from  some  newly-discovered  treasure."  In  1722  he  was 
licensed  to  preach,  and  exercised  his  ministry  for  eight 
months  in  the  city  of  New  York;  his  congregation  being 
composed  of  English  Presbyterians.  Returning  home  in 
the  spring  of  1723,  he  devoted  himself  to  his  studies.  In 
the  ensuing  spring  he  took  his  Master's  degree,  and  whilst 
at  New  Haven  was  appointed  tutor  in  Yale  College.  The 
duties  of  this  post  he  performed  with  great  success  and 
reputation.  In  September,  1726,  he  accepted  an  invitation 
to  become  the  colleague  of  his  mother's  father,  Mr.  Stod- 
dard,  in  a  church  at  Northampton.  He  was  installed  in 
February,  1727,  and  continued  the  discharge  of  his  minis 
terial  duties  in  this  post  for  twenty-four  years.  In  July  of 
this  year  he  was  married  to  Miss  Sarah  Pierrepont. 

Whilst  zealously  employed  in  his  efforts  for  the  spiritual 
improvement  of  his  charge,  Mr.  Edwards  was  pained  to 
find  that  some  young  men  of  the  congregation  had  im 
ported  a  number  of  improper  books,  and  were  engaged  in 
circulating  them,  to  the  great  injury  of  good  morals.  De 
termined  to  arrest  the  evil,  he  spared  not  in  his  reproofs  a 
number  of  the  members  of  the  most  influential  families, 
who  were  known  to  be  offenders.  This  praiseworthy  zeal 
elicited  much  dislike,  which  was  increased  by  his  insisting 
on  holiness  of  life  in  all  who  approached  the  table  of' our 
Lord.  After  several  meetings  of  the  members  of  his  con 
gregation,  it  was  finally  put  to  vote  whether  he  should  con 
tinue  to  act  as  their  pastor:  it  is  melancholy  to  be  obliged 
to  state  that  this  good  man  was  ejected  by  a  majority  of  180. 


Mr.  Edwards  now  removed  to  Stockbridge,  Massachu 
setts,  where  he  preached  to  the  Indians  and  a  few  white 
hearers.  During  his  residence  at  this  station,  he  devoted 
his  leisure  hours  to  writing  his  principal  works.  It  was 
here  that  he  completed  his  design  of  preparing  a  treatise 
on  the  subject  of  Free  Will : 

"  It  was  not  till  the  month  of  July,  1752.  that  he  appears  to 
have  resumed  his  studies  on  the  subject  of  free  will ;  for  the  7th 
of  that  month  he  writes  Dr.  Erskine  that  he  hoped  soon  to  be  at 
leisure  to  resume  his  design,  and  gives  him  another  sketch  of  the 
plan  of  his  book,  in  which,  though  there  be  nothing  new,  there  is 
more  than  in  that  which  he  had  formerly  sent  him.  Whatever 
opinion  may  be  held  with  regard  to  Mr.  Edwards's  argument,  it 
must  .appear  astonishing  to  those  who  are  capable  of  appreciating 
the  difficulty  of  his  subject,  that,  in  nine  months  from  the  date  of 
this  letter,  on  the  14th  of  April,  1753,  he  could  write  Dr.  Erskine 
that  he  had  almost  finished  the  first  draught  of  what  he  originally 
intended,  though  he  was  under  the  necessity  of  delaying  the  pub 
lication  till  he  knew  the  result  of  proposals  which  he  had  circulated 
for  printing  his  book  by  subscription.  This  book  was  published 
in  1754;  and,  though  he  had  made  some  progress  in  preparing  his 
materials  before  he  left  Northampton,  was  certainly  written,  and 
nearly  completed,  within  the  time  ascertained  by  the  two  letters 
referred  to,  and  must  be  admitted  to  convey  a  very  striking  idea 
both  of  his  mental  resources  and  of  his  literary  ardour." — SIR  HENRT 
MONCRIEFF  :  Wellwood's  Life  of  Dr.  Erskine. 

In  1757,  on  the  death  of  his  son-in-law,  the  Rev.  Aaron 
Burr,  (father  of  Aaron  Burr,  afterwards  Vice-President 
of  the  United  States,)  Mr.  Edwards  was  chosen  his  suc 
cessor  as  President  of  the  College  of  New  Jersey,  at  Prince 
ton.  This  unexpected  call  found  him  deeply  engaged  in 
projecting  several  extensive  theological  works,  among 
which  were,  A  History  of  the  Work  of  Redemption,  and  a 
Harmony  of  the  Old  and  New  Testaments.  Guided  by  the 
counsel  of  several  judicious  friends,  he  accepted  the  prof 
fered  office,  and  removed  to  Princeton  in  January,  1758. 
On  the  16th  of  the  next  month  he  assumed  the  duties  of 
the  presidency,  from  which  he  was  removed  by  death  on 
the  22d  of  March  ensuing.  His  death  was  caused  by  an 
attack  of  the  small-pox,  then  prevailing  in  the  town.  Mr. 
Edwards  had  been  inoculated  about  a  month  before  his 
decease. 

His  Treatise  on  Original  Sin,  in  answer  to  Dr.  Taylor, 
of  Norwich,  was  finished  in  the  year  before  his  death.  It 
is  said  that  even  Taylor  acknowledged  that  he  was  defeated. 
The  excellent  Treatise  on  the  Religious  Affections,  pub; 
1746,  has  been  highly  commended  as  one  of  the  best  ever 
penned  upon  this  most  important  theme.  In  addition  to 
these  works,  Mr.  Edwards  published  Sermons,  1731,  '34, 
'38,  '41,  '44,  '46,  '52.  A  Narrative  of  the  Work  of  God  in 
the  Conversion  of  many  hundred  souls  in  Northampton,  in 
1736.  Thoughts  on  the  Revival  of  Religion,  1742.  An 
Attempt  to  Promote  Agreement  in  Prayer  for  the  Revival 
of  Religion,  1746.  Life  of  D.  Brainerd,  1746.  An  In 
quiry  into  the  Qualifications  for  full  Communion  in  the 
Church,  1749.  A  Reply  to  S.  Williams's  Answer  to  the  In 
quiry,  1752.  After  his  death,  there  were  published  from 
his  MSS.  18  Sermons  (with  his  life)  by  Dr.  Hopkins,  1765; 
The  History  of  Redemption,  1774;  On  the  Nature  of  True 
Virtue,  1788;  God's  Last  End  in  the  Creation;  33  Ser 
mons;  20  Sermons,  1789;  Miscellaneous  Observations, 
1793;  Miscellaneous  Remarks,  1796. 

Mr.  Edwards's  principal  work,  A  Careful  and  Strict  In 
quiry  into  the  modern  prevailing  notion  that  Freedom  of 
Will  is  supposed  to  be  essential  to  Moral  Agency,  is  un 
doubtedly  the  great  bulwark  of  Calvinistic  theology.  As  an 
intellectual  production,  it  proves  its  author  to  have  been 
one  of  the  greatest  metaphysicians  that  the  world  has  ever 
seen.  We  have  many  testimonies  to  support  this  assertion  : 

"  I  consider  Jonathan  Edwards  the  greatest  of  the  sons  of  men. 
He  ranks  with  the  brightest  luminaries  of  the  Christian  church, 
not  excluding  any  country,  or  any  age,  since  the  apostolic." — RO 
BERT  HALL. 

"That  great  master-mind,  Jonathan  Edwards,  whose  close- 
sighted  observation,  clear  judgment,  and  unbending  faithfulness, 
were  of  the  very  highest  order."— DR.  J.  PYE  SMITH. 

Dr.  Erskine  very  happily  groups  together  the  characte 
ristics  of  our  author : 

"Jonathan  Edwards  was  remarkable  for  the  penetration  and 
extent  of  his  understanding,  for  his  powers  of  criticism  and  accu 
rate  distinction,  quickness  of  thought,  solidity  of  judgment,  and 
force  of  reasoning.  .  .  He  very  early  discovered  a  genius  above  the 
ordinary  size,  which  gradually  ripened  and  expanded  by  daily 
exertion  and  application.  By  nature  he  was  formed  for  a  logician 
and  a  metaphysician ;  but,  by  speculation,  observation,  and  con 
verse,  greatly  improved.  He  had  a  good  insight  into  the  whole 
circle  of  liberal  arts  and  sciences;  possessed  a  very  valuable  stock 
of  classical  learning,  philosophy,  mathematics,  history,  and  chro 
nology." 

Dr.  Erskine,  an  excellent  judge  of  men  and  books,  in 
troduced  several  of  our  author's  writings  to  the  British 
public,  "and  declared  that  he  did  not  think  our  age  had 
produced  a  divine  of  equal  judgment  or  genius." 


EDW 

"  Jonathan  Edwards  is  a  writer  of  great  originality  and  piety, 
and  with  extraordinary  mental  powers.  He  in  fact  commenced  a 
new  and  higher  school  in  divinity,  to  which  many  subsequent 
writers,  Erskine,  Fuller,  Newton,  Scott,  Ryland,  the  Milners, 
Dwight,  and  indeed  the  great  body  of  evangelical  authors  who 
have  since  lived,  have  been  indebted."—  REV.  E.  BICKERSTETH. 

Dugald  Stewart,  after  noticing  Collins's  controversy  with 
Clarke,  remarks  that 

"It  is  remarkable  how  completely  Collins  has  anticipated  Dr. 
Jonathan  Edwards,  the  most  celebrated,,  and  indisputably  the 
ablest,  champion  of  the  scheme  of  Necessity  who  has  since  ap- 

reader  will  hardly  expect  us  to  voluntarily  engulf 
ourselves  in  this  whirlpool  of  metaphysics,  wherein  the 
wits  of  many  great,  many  wise,  many  valiant  men  have 
been  so  completely  wrecked.  Baron  de  Grimm,  indeed, 
cut  the  Gordian  knot  without  ceremony,  but  we  doubt  if 
his  noble  auditor,  the  Duke  of  Saxe  Gotha,  received  much 
either  of  instruction  or  edification  from  the  baron's  decla 
mation;  and  certain  we  are  that  it  would  require  more 
than  Diderot's  letter  to  reconcile  us  to  Diderot's  philosophy. 


EDW 

The  History  of  the  "Work  of  Redemption,  which  is  a  mere  out 
line  of  what  the  author  intended,  (see  ante,)  exhibits  a  -method 
entirely  new.  Though  a  posthumous  publication,  it  discovers  the 
same  originality  and  accuracy  of  thought  with  the  other  works  of 
the  author."  —  DR.  WILLIAMS. 

"  It  shows  the  author's  intimate  acquaintance  with  the  plan  of 
heaven,  and  how  well  he  could  illustrate  its  progressive  develop 
ment."  —  ORME. 

From  this  last-named  writer,  a  very  eminent  authority, 
we  quote  some  further  comments  on  our  great  author  : 

"Jonathan  Edwards,  as  a  philosopher,  as  well  as  a  divine,  had 
few  equals,  and  no  superior,  among  his  contemporaries.  His  works 
will  live  as  long  as  powerful  reasoning,  genuine  religion,  and  the 
science  of  the  human  mind,  continue  to  be  objects  of  respect.  .  .  . 
The  Treatise  on  Religious  Affections  discovers  his  profound  ac 
quaintance  with  the  nature  of  genuine  religion,  and  with  all  the 
deceitful  workings  of  the  human  heart.  The  Inquiry  into  the  Free 
dom  of  the  Human  Will  displays  the  talent  of  the  author  as  a 
metaphysician,  and  his  accurate  knowledge  of  the  Arminian  and 
Calvinistic  controversy.  His  Defence  of  the  Christian  Doctrine  of 
Original  Sin,  designed  partly  as  an  answer  to  a  work  on  that  sub 
ject  by  Dr.  John  Taylor  of  Norwich,  discovers  the  same  high  quali 
ties  which  belong  to  his  former  works,  with  a  greater  portion  of 


Sir  James  Mackintosh,  who  whilst  at  college  had  de-  j  excellent  critical  interpretation  of  the  Scripture.    His  style,  it  is 


bated  with  his  friend  Robert  Hall  "almost  every  import 
ant  position  in  Edwards  on  the  Will,"  thus  speaks  of  him 
in  later  years  : 

"This  remarkable  man,  the  metaphysician  of  America,  was 
formed  among  the  Calvinists  of  New  England,  when  their  stern 
doctrine  retained  its  vigorous  authority.  His  power  of  subtile 
argument,  perhaps  unmatched,  certainly  unsurpassed  among 
men,  was  joined,  as  in  some  of  the  ancient  Mystics,  with  a  charac 
ter  which  raised  his  piety  to  fervour.  He  embraced  their  doctrine, 
probably  without  knowing  it  to  be  theirs.  '  True  religion,'  says 
he,  'in  a  great  measure,  consists  in  holy  affections.'  .  .  .  His  ethical 
theory  is  contained  in  his  Dissertation  on  the  Nature  of  True  Vir 
tue;  and  in  another,  On  God's  chief  End  in  the  Creation.  ...  As 
far  as  Edwards  confines  himself  to  created  beings,  and  while  his  j 
theory  is  perfectly  intelligible,  it  coincides  with  that  of  universal 
benevolence,  hereafter  to  be  considered."  See  2d  Prelim.  Dissert. 
to  Encyc.  Brit. 


to  be  regretted,  repels  many  from  the  examination  of  his  writings  ; 
but  a  little  perseverance  and  attention  will  render  it  familiar  to  a 
diligent  student,  and  the  effect  of  his  close  and  convincing  reason 
ing  will  prove  eminently  beneficial  to  the  understanding."  —  Bi- 
bliotheca  Biblica. 

"  A  profound  searcher  into  the  genuine  sources  of  truth,  well 
versed  in  the  Holy  Scriptures,  a  close  and  minute  reasoner,  a 
strenuous  defender  of  holiness  and  the  rights  of  God;  plain  and 
perspicuous  in  his  method,  unadorned  but  prolix  in  his  language. 
On  the  whole,  a  most  excellent  writer,  both  practical  and  contro 
versial."  —  Dr.  Williams'  s  Christian  Preacher. 

Dr.  Jamieson  refers  to  the  respect  accorded  to  Edwards's 
powerful  work  by  both  parties  of  theologians  : 

"  As  a  theological  writer,  he  occupies  the  foremost  rank  amongst 
metaphysical  divines.  His  work  on  the  Freedom  of  the  Will,  is 
universally  acknowledged  to  be  one  of  the  greatest  efforts  of  hu 
man  intellect  ;  and  while  he  is  regarded  by  the  Calvinists  as  the 
greatest  champion  of  the  philosophical  necessity  on  which  their 


The  other  young  philosopher-the  college  friend  of  Sir     |S  is  buSt^ ^SnC. aZ^k  to  m^as  an  Sorit^ 
James,  who  rose  to  as  great  distinction  m  another  sphere—  t  ^hoge  princjpies  and  reasoning  they  are  forced  to  treat  with  respect. 
that  most  eloquent  orator,  Robert  Hall,  always  retained 
his  reverence  for  Edwards.     His  acquaintance  with  his 


writings  commenced  at  even  an  earlier  period  than  those 
happy  days  when  the  two  friends  debated  so  keenly,  yet 
amicably,  amidst  the  picturesque  scenery  of  the  banks  of 
tho  Don.  Dr.  Gregory  assures  us  that  when  Robert  Hall 


was  as  yet  a  mere  child,  "  The  works  of  Jonathan  Edwards 
were  among  his  favourites  ;  and  it  is  an  ascertained  fact, 


reperused,  with  intense  interest,  the  treatises  of  that  pro 
found  and  extraordinary  thinker  on  the  '  Affections'  and 


The  other  works  of  Mr.  Edwards—  On  Original  Sin,  On  the  Affections, 
The  History  of  Redemption  —  bear  the  same  stamp  of  high  intel 
lectual  power,  and  all  enjoy  an  extensive  reputation." 

For  a  comparison  between  Bishop  Butler  and  Jonathan 
Edwards,  see  BUTLER,  JOSEPH,  in  this  volume.  A  highly- 
respected  authority  thus  advises  : 


'•  Coming  on  to  modern  theological  writers,  I  recommend  you  to 
familiarize  yourselves  with  the  works  of  the  acute,  the  philosophi- 
i  i  cal,  the  profound,  the  pious  Jonathan  Edwards,  and  those  of  Au- 

that  before  he  was  nine  years  ot  age,  he  had  {  erased  and  i  dre'w  Fufler  l  know  nothing  like  the  latter  for  a  beautiful  com 
bination  of  doctrinal,  practical,  and  experimental  religion." — 
Counsels  to  Students  of  Theology  on  leaving  College,  by  John  Angdl 


on  the  'Will.'     His  regard  never  diminished;  he  for  full    James. 


sixty  years  read  Jonathan  Edwards's  writings  with  undi- 
minished  pleasure." 


We  notice  the  following  editions  of  Edwards's  works  : 
1.  Edit.  pub.  at  Worcester,  Mass.,  1809,  8  vols.  8vo.    (See 


It  is  hardly  necessary  perhaps  to  observe  that  in  quoting  !  No.  7.)  2.  Edited  by  Dr.  Williams,  of  Rotherham,  Lon., 
these  testimonies  to  the  intellectual  greatness  of  Edwards,  I  1817,  8  vols.  r.  8vo,  and  vols.  ix.  and  x.,  Edin.,  1847,  r.  8vo, 
the  theological  system  of  which  he  was  so  able  an  exposi-  £7  8s.  3.  By  Edward  Hickman,  Lon.,  1834,  2  vols.  imp. 

8vo ;  1839,  42s.  4.  An  edit,  by  Dr.  Austin,  1809,  8  vols. 
5.  An  edit,  by  Dr.  Sereno  Edward  Dwight,  1830,  10  vols. 
8vo.  6.  An  edit.  pub.  in  New  York  in  4  vols.  r.  8vo,  1844. 
To  this  edit.  Mr.  Robert  Ogle,  of  London,  added  2  vols.  r. 
8vo,  in  1846.  The  two  supplementary  vols.  contain  The 
Notes  on  the  Bible,  Miscellaneous  Observations,  Types  of 
the  Messiah,  and  17  Occasional  Sermons.  7.  A  reprint 
of  the  Worcester  edit,  was  pub.  in  N.  York  in  1855,  4  vols. 


tor  is  not  at  all  intended  to  be  brought  under  consideration. 

"  The  Treatise  on  the  Will  is  to  a  true  philosophy  of  human  na 
ture  as  the  demonstrations  of  Leibnitz  are  to  modern  mechanical 
science." — ISAAC  TAYLOR. 

"To  theological  students  his  works  are  almost  indispensable. 
In  all  the  branches  of  theology,  didactic,  polemical,  casuistic,  ex 
perimental,  and  practical,  he  had  few  equals,  and  perhaps  no  supe 
rior.  The  number  and  variety  of  his  works  show  the  intenseness 
of  his  industry  and  the  uncommon  strength  of  his  intellectual 


powers.    The  Inquiry  into  the  Will  is  a  masterly  work,  which,  as     gVQ>     jn  1852  /N>  York,  18"mo)  a  series  of  16  Lectures  on 
a  specimen  of  exact  analysis,  of  profound  or  perfect  abstraction,      _,      .  a  tl_  »_•*  v.    r          T>       'A      «•  ~WA        A  > 

of  conclusive  logic,  and  of  calm  discussion,  will  long  support  its     Chanty  and  its  Fruits  was  pub.  from  President  Edwards  8 

•  -  MSS.,  edited  by  the  author  s  great-grandson,  the  Rev. 
Tryon  Edwards,  D.D.,  of  New  London,  Connecticut.  We 
are  pleased  to  announce  that  this  gentleman,  the  trustee  of 
Edwards's  MSS.,  is  now  (1858)  engaged  upon  a  new  ed.  of 
the  works  of  his  distinguished  ancestor,  to  be  issued  in  Edin 
burgh  and  the  United  States  simultaneously.  We  venture 
to  express  the  hope  that  the  editor  will  not  hesitate  to  make 
this  edition  as  complete  as  the  business  prospects  of  the  un 
dertaking  will  at  all  justify.  Few  of  the  admirers  of  Pre 
sident  Edwards  have  any  conception  of  the  vast  store  of 


high  reputation,  and  will  continue  to  be  used  as  a  classic  material 
in  the  business  of  intellectual  education." — Lowndes's  Bi~it.  Lib. 

Of  this  work  the  London  Quarterly  Review  remarks : 
"  It  is  commonly  referred  to  by  modern  Calvinists  as  containing 
both  their  sentiments  and  the  confirmation  of  them.  In  it  the 
metaphysical  reasonings  in  favour  of  the  predestination  tenets, 
produced  in  such  abundance  during  the  century  succeeding  the 
Reformation,  have  been  digested  and  brought  within  reasonable 
compass." 

The  Introductory  Essay  by  Isaac  Taylor  to  the  edition 

pub.  in  London,  1831,  has  been  highly  commended:  "It     „„ 

established  the  author's  claims  to  rank  among  the  most  j  his  writin 

tunity  to 


accomplished  metaphysical  writers  of  the  present  day. 
His  main  object  is  to  analyze  and  separate,  as  by  a  chemi 
cal  test,  the  different  elements  of  Edwards's  arguments, 
and  to  place  in  its  true  light,  or  to  refer  to  its  proper  de 
partment  of  science,  the  Inquiry  concerning  human  agency, 
free  will,  liberty,  and  necessity." 


These  manuscripts  are  very  numerous.    The  seventeenth  cen 


tury  was 
Hall  amou 


an  age  of  voluminous  authorship.    The  works  of  Bishop 
unt  to  ten  volumes  octavo;  Lightfoot's,  to  thirteen;  Jere 
my  Taylor's,  to  fifteen  ;  Dr.  Goodwin's,  to  twenty  ;  Owen's,  to  twenty- 
eight;  while  Baxter's  would  extend  to  some  sixty  volumes,  or 
from  thirty  to  forty  thousand  closely-printed  octavo  pages.     The 


"  The  Inquiry  into  the  Will  is  a  most  profound  and  acute  disqui-     manuscripts  of  Edwards,  if  all  published,  would  be  more  volumi- 
sition.    The  English  Calvinists  have  produced  nothing  to  be  put     nous  than  the  works  of  any  of  these  writers,  if  possibly  the  last 


in  competition  with  it.  ...  That  extraordinary  man,  who  in  a 
metaphysical  age  or  country  would  certainly  have  been  deemed 
as  much  the  boast  of  America  as  his  great  countryman,  Franklin." 
—  SIR  JAMES  MACKINTOSH. 

The  Discourses  on  Justification  Mr.  Bickersteth  considers 
among  the  best  on  that  all-important  doctrine. 


be  excepted.  And  these  manuscripts  have  been  carefully  preserved 
and  kept  together;  and  about  three  years  since  were  committed  to 
the  editor  of  this  work,  as  sole  permanent  trustee,  by  all  the  then 
surviving  grand-children  of  their  author."—  Preface  to  Charity  and 
its  Fruits. 

After  this  statement,  we  shall  hardly  excuse  Dr.  Edwards 


EDW 

if  he  fail  to  add  considerably  to  the  contents  of  the  previous  j 
editions  of  the  works  of  his  great  ancestor.     In  addition 
to  the  notices  contained  in  the  works  already  referred 
to,  the  reader  must  peruse  the  biography  of  this  distin-  | 
guished  divine  in  Middleton's  Evangel.   Biog.,  and  the 
Life,  by  Samuel  Miller,  in  Sparks's  Amer.  Biog.,  1st  series, 
viii.  1. 

Edwards,  Jonathan,  D.D.,  1745-1801,  son  of  the 
preceding,  graduated  at  the  College  of  New  Jersey,  1765; 
licensed  to  preach,  1766;  tutor  at  Princeton  College,  1767- 
69 ;  pastor  of  the  church  of  White  Haven  at  New  Haven, 
1769-95;  pastor  of  the  church  at  Colebrook,  in  Litchfield 
county,  1796;  President  of  Union  Coll.,  Schenectady,  N. 
York,  1799-1801.  Dr.  Edwards  pub.  a  number  of  serms. 
and  theological  treatises,  for  a  list  of  which  see  Allen's 
Amer.  Biog.  Diet.,  and  a  collective  edit,  of  his  works  edited 
by  his  grandson,  Dr.  Tryon  Edwards.  He  was  a  contri 
butor  (signatures  I  and  0)  to  the  N.  York  Theolog.  Maga 
zine,  and  edited  from  his  father's  MSS.  The  History  of  the 
Work  of  Redemption,  two  vols.  of  Sermons,  and  two  vols. 
of  Observations  on  important  theolog.  subjects.  Many  in 
teresting  particulars  respecting  the  second  President  Ed 
wards — not  to  be  met  with  elsewhere — will  be  found  in  the 
Memoir  pub.  by  Dr.  Tryon  Edwards. 

"  There  were  several  remarkable  coincidences  in  the  lives  of  Dr. 
Edwards  and  his  father.  Both  were  tutors  in  the  seminaries  in 
which  they  were  educated;  were  dismissed  on  account  of  their  re 
ligious  opinions;  were  settled  again  in  retired  situations;  were 
elected  to  the  presidentship  of  a  college ;  and,  in  a  short  time  after 
they  were  inaugurated,  died  at  nearly  the  same  age.  They  were 
also  remarkably  similar  in  person  and  character." 

Edwards,  Joseph.     Serms.,  1731,  '36,  '43,  '50. 
Edwards,  Rev.  Joseph,  second  Master  of  King's  \ 
College,  London,  has  pub.  a  number  of  useful  educational 
and  theolog.  works.     Some  of  the  former  were  written  in 
conjunction  with  W.  Cross  of  Queen's  Coll.,  Cambridge. 
Edwards,  Mrs.  M.  C.     Grammar,  1796,  8vo. 
Edwards,  Morgan,  1722-1795,  a  Baptist  minister,  a 
native  of  Wales,  came  to  America  in  1761,  and  became  pas 
tor  of  a  church  in  Philadelphia.     He  pub.  several  serms. 
and  theolog.  treatises,  and  Materials  towards  a  History  of 
Baptists  of  Penn.  and  N.  Jersey,  1792,  2  vols.  12mo. 

Edwards,  P.  H.  The  Imperial  Conspirator  Over 
thrown  ;  a  serio-burlesque  performance,  1808,  Svo. 

EdAvartls,  Peter.  Candid  Reasons  for  renouncing 
the  principles  of  Antipsedobaptism,  Lon.,  1793,  Svo;  4th 
ed.,  Edin.,  1841,  12mo;  Phila.,  1841. 

"  Confining  his  attention  in  this  essay  to  a  few  principal  topics, 
he  has  produced  an  argument  of  unusual  power  and  conclusive- 
ness.  It  cannot  be  overcome,  and  all  attempts  hitherto  employed 
to  set  it  aside  have  been  feeble." 

Baptism ;  being  an  address  to  Baptists  and  Psedobaptists, 
1805,  12mo. 

Edwards,  Richard,  1523-1566?  an  early  dramatic 
writer,  educated  at  Corpus  Christi  Coll.,  and  Christ  Church, 
Oxf.,  is  best  known  as  the  designer  and  principal  contri 
butor  to  The  Paradyse  of  Daynty  Deuises,  and  as  the  author 
of  Damon  and  Pythias,  certainly  one  of  the  first  English 
dramas  upon  a  classical  subject.     This  tragedy — pub.  Lon., 
1570,  '71,  '82,  4to— was  acted  before  Queen  Elizabeth  in  | 
1566.      Her  majesty  also  witnessed  the  performance  of 
Edwards's  Comedy  of  Paleemon  and  Arcyte  in  Christ  Ch. 
Hall,  1566.     Wood  gives  an  amusing  acount  of  the  per-  | 
forniance,  and  tells  us  that  the  cry  of  the  hounds  in  the 
hunting  of  Theseus  was  so  well  imitated,  that  some,  of  the  ! 
young  scholars 

"  Were  so  much  taken  and  surpriz'd  (supposing  it  had  been  real) 
that  they  cried  out,  There,  there— he's  caught,  he's  caught.     All 
which  the  queen  merrily  beholding,  said,  0  excellent!  those  boys  | 
in  very  truth  are  ready  to  leap  out  of  the  windows  to  follow  the  j 
hounds."    See  Athen.  Oxon.,  Bliss's  ed.,  i.  353. 

Besides  the  edits,  we  have  noticed  of  The  excellent  ! 
[Tragical]  Comedieof  two  of  the  moste  faith  fullest  Freendes 
Damon  and  Pithias,  there  is  another,  sine  anno.  The  ma 
drigals  and  other  poetical  pieces  of  Edwards  were  very 
popular.  His  "May"  and  "I  may  not,"  the  lines  on  the 
maxim  of  Terence,  Amantium  irce  amoria  rcdintegratio  est, 
and  the  stanzas  "  In  Commendation  of  Musick,"  (see  the 
first  stanza  in  Romeo  and  Juliet,)  are  compositions  of  rare 
excellence.  We  would  fain  linger  on  this  theme,  but  our 
limits  forbid.  Respecting  this  once-popular  poet,  and  the 
Paradyse  of  Daynty  Deuises,  (first  pub.  in  1576,  and  re- 
pub,  in  The  British  Bibliographer,)  the  reader  will  find 
copious  notices  in  Puttenham's  Arte  of  Eng.  Poet. ;  Bliss's 
Wood's  Athen.  Oxon.;  Wood's  Annals;  Sir  E.  Brydges's 
edit,  of  Phillips's  Theatrum  Poetarurn;  Brit.  Bibliog., 
vol.  iii.;  Hawkins's  Hist,  of  Music;  Ellis's  Specimens 
Eng.  Poet. ;  Warton's  Hist,  of  Eng.  Poet. ;  Biog.  Dramat. ; 
Collier's  Hist,  of  Dram.  Poet. ;  and  Drake's  Shaksp.  and 
his  Times. 


EDW 

"  If  I  should  be  thought  to  have  been  disproportionately  prolix 
in  speaking  of  Edwards,  I  would  be  understood  to  have  partly  in 
tended  a  tribute  of  respect  to  the  memory  of  a  poet  who  is  one  of 
the  earliest  of  our  dramatic  writers  after  the  reformation  of  the 
British  stage.  .  .  .  Edwards,  besides  that  he  was  a  writer  of  regular 
dramas,  appears  to  have  been  a  contriver  of  masques,  and  a  com 
poser  of  poetry  for  pageants.  In  a  word,  he  united  all  those  arts 
and  accomplishments  which  minister  to  popular  pleasantry:  he 
was  the  first  fiddler,  the  most  feshipnable  sonneteer,  the  readiest 
rhymer,  and  the  most  facetious  mimic  of  the  court." — Warton's 
Hist,  of  Eng.  Poetry. 

Edwards,  Richard.  River  Neen,  <fcc.,  Lon.,1749,8vo. 
Edwards,  Richard.     Letter  to  J.  Hanbury,  Esq., 
Lon.,  1772,  4to.     Letter  to  Bp.  S.  Barrington,  1773,  4to. 

Edwards,  Richard.  3  books  on  Eng.  Prosody,  &«., 
1813. 

Edwards,  Roger.  Psalmes  and  Prayers,  Lon.,  1570, 
16mo. 

Edwards,  Sampson.   Lett,  to  Woodward,  Lon.,  8vo. 
Edwards,  Sydenham.     Cynographia  Britannica, 
Lon.,  1800,  4to.     61  Plates,  representing  about  150  Rare 
Plants,  Lon.,  1809,  4to.    Botanical  Register,  14  vols.  r.  8vo, 
£2  9s.  each.     New  series,  edited  by  Dr.  Lindley,  with  750 
col'd  plates,  1838-47,  10  vols.  r.  8vo,  £22.     1st  Series  was 
pub.  in  13  vols.  r.  Svo;  each  £2  10s. :  2d  Series,  10  vols.  r. 
Svo;  each  £2  10s.:  3d  Series,  10  vols.  r.  Svo;  each  £2  4s. 
Edwards,  T.  W.  C.     Educational  works,  1818,  8vo. 
Edwards,  Tenison.     Orders  H.  Ct.  of  Chancery, 
1815-45,  Lon.,  1845, 12mo;  Addenda,  1845-48, 1848, 12mo. 
Edwards,  Thomas,  d.  1647,  educated  at  Trinity 
Coll.,  Camb.,  became  a  clergyman  of  the  Church  of  Eng 
land,  which  he  renounced  for  Presbyterianism.    He  was  a 
bitter   opponent  of  the   Independents,  and   pub.  against 
them,  in  addition  to  other  pieces,  Gangraena;  or  a  Disco 
very  of  many  of  the  Errors,  Heresies,  Blasphemies,  and 
pernicious  practices  of  the  Sectaries  of  the  time,  vented 
and  acted  in  England  in  these  four  last  years,  3  parts,  Lon., 
1646,  4to. 

"  Edwards's  Gangraena  gives  a  horrible  picture  of  the  state  of  the 
sects  in  that  time.  He  was  a  rigid  Presbyterian,  and  very  bitter 
against  those  who  differed  from  that  system.  His  statements  can 
not  therefore  be  trusted."— Bickersteth's  C.  S. 

This  attack  was  too  much  for  the  patience  of  the  Inde 
pendents.  They  drove  their  opponent  from  England,  and 
he  died  in  Holland.  This  he  could  not  complain  of,  as 
he  was  himself  a  violent  enemy  to  toleration,  and  wrote  a 
work  entitled  The  Casting  Down  of  the  last  and  strongest 
hold  of  Satan ;  or,  A  Treatise  against  Toleration,  1647,  4to. 
See  an  account  of  Edwards  and  his  writings  in  Wood's  Fasti. 
Edwards,  Thomas.  Serin.,  1660,  8vo. 
Edwards,  Thomas.  Review  of  Crispinianism  Un 
masked,  Lon.,  1693,  4to.  Gospel  Truth,  <fcc.,  1693,  4to. 
Baxterianism  Barefaced,  1699,  4to. 

Edwards,  Thomas.  Praying  in  the  Spirit ;  against 
Extemp.  Prayer,  Lon.,  1703,  8vo.  Diocesan  Episcopacy 
proved  from  Holy  Scripture,  1705,  8vo. 

Edwards,  Thomas,  1699F-1757,  a  critic  of  consi 
derable  ability,  was  a  member  of  Lincoln's  Inn,  and  called 
to  the  bar,  but  never  practised.  He  was  devoted  to  the 
study  of  Shakspeare,  and  was  so  indignant  at  the  pompous 
ignorance  and  arrogance  displayed  by  Warburton  in  his 
edition  of  the  immortal  bard,  that  he  indited  an  epistle 
to  him,  entitled  A  Letter  to  the  author  of  a  late  Epistolary 
Dedication,  addressed  to  Mr.  Warburton.  This  was  fol 
lowed  in  1747  by  a  Supplement  to  Mr.  Warburton's  edition 
of  Shakspeare.  It  pleased  the  public ;  and  in  1748  a  3d  edit, 
was  pub.  under  the  title  of  The  Canons  of  Criticism,  and  a 
Glossary,  being  a  Supplement  to  Mr.  Warburton's  edition 
of  Shakspeare;  collected  from  the  notes  in  that  celebrated 
work,  and  proper  to  be  bound  up  with  it.  Again  pub., 
1750,  8vo.  Best  (7th)  edit.,  1765,  8vo,  which  contains  the 
Trial  of  the  Letter  Y  alias  Y  in  order  to  settle  the  ortho 
graphy  of  our  Language,  and  Sonnets.  Also,  Remarks  on 
Shakspeare  by  Mr.  Roderick. 

The  Canons  of  Criticism  was  a  fair  hit  at  Warburton; 
for  he  remarked  in  his  preface,  that  he  had  once  designed 
giving  the  reader  a  body  of  canons  for  literary  criticism, 
and  a  glossary,  but  that  he  had  not  carried  out  this  idea, 
as  these  uses  might  be  well  supplied  by  what  he  had  occa 
sionally  remarked  in  his  notes  on  Shakspeare. 

Edwards  thought  this  too  good  a  chance  to  be  lost.  He 
therefore  drew  up  a  set  of  the  most  absurd  pretended  ca 
nons  from  Warburton's  notes,  and  gave  instances  in  sup 
port  of  them  from  the  same  authority.  This  enraged  the 
amiable  prelate  not  a  little,  and  in  his  notes  to  the  Dunciad 
he  takes  advantage  of  Pope's  two  lines — 

"  Her  children  first  of  more  distinguished  sort, 

Who  study  Shakspeare  at  the  inns  of  court" — 
to  add  a  comment  most  abusive  of  the  satirist.     But  Ed- 
i  wards  had  altogether  the  best  of  the  battle.    Warton  ap- 

M7 


EDW 

proved  of  his  canons  highly,  and  they  were  applauded  by  j 
Dr.  Johnson,  but  the  latter,  who  was  a  great  admirer  of 
Warburton,  took  care  to  add — 

"  Sir,  a  fly  may  sting  and  tease  a  horse,  and  yet  the  horse  is  the 
nobler  animal." 

In  1761  was  pub.  a  tract  of  our  author's,  entitled  Free 
and  Candid  Thoughts  on  the  Doctrine  of  Predestination. 
It  contains  nothing  new.  See  Biog.  Brit.;  Nichols's  Lit. 
Anecdotes;  Kichardson's  Corresp. 

EdAvards,  Thomas,  1729-1785,  entered  at,  (1747,) 
and  Fellow  of,  Clare  Hall,  Camb. ;  Rector  of  John  the 
Baptist,  Coventry,  1758 ;  Vicar  of  Nuneaton,  "Warwickshire, 
1770.  He  was  a  strenuous  Arininian.  New  English  trans, 
of  the  Psalms,  from  the  original  Hebrew,  reduced  to  metre 
by  the  late  Bishop  Hare,  with  Notes  and  Illustrations,  Lon., 
1755,  8vo.  Prolegomena  in  Libros  Veteris  Testament! 
Poeticos,  Ac.,  Cantab.,  1762,  8vo. 

"  These  works  contain  a  defence  and  illustration  of  Bishop  Hare's 
principles  of  Hebrew  metre,  which  have  had  few  advocates  since  the 
publication  of  Lowth's  Lectures  ou  the  Hebrew  Poetry,  and  his 
Isaiah.  The-  translation  of  the  Psalms  affords  occasional  assistance 
for  understanding  them,  and  contains  various  emendations  of  the 
Hebrew  text,  suggested  by  the  metre.  The  Latin  Prolegomena, 
which  defend  Hare  and  attack  Lowth,  are  sometimes  ingenious, 
but  seldom  satisfactory.  Dr.  Edwards  was  evidently  a  man  of 
learning  and  talents.'— Orme's  JBibl.  Bib. 

The  Doctrine  of  Irresistible  Grace  proved  to  have  no 
foundation  in  the  writings  of  the  New  Testament,  1759, 8vo. 
"  I  mention  this  work,  not  on  account  of  its  theology,  which  is 
incorrect,  but  of  its  criticism,  which  is  sometimes  valuable ;  as  it 
goes  over  a  great  number  of  passages  in  the  New  Testament  criti 
cally,  and  places  some  of  them  in  new  and  advantageous  lights." 
— ORME,  ubi  supra. 

"A  very  accurate  and  learned  performance,  which  does  great 
honour  to  my  ingenious  friend,  the  worthy  author." — DR.  HARWOOD. 
Dr.  Edwards  pub.  several  other  learned  works. 
Edwards,  Thomas,  LL.D.  The  Jewish  and  Heathen 
Rejection  of  the  Christian  Miracles,  1790, 4to.  Other  works. 
Edwards,  Thomas.     Con.  to  Mem.  Med.,  1792. 
Edwards,  Thomas.    Reports  H.  Ct,  of  Admiralty 
on  Vessels  sailing  under  British  Licenses,  Lon.,  1812,  8vo. 
Reports  H.  Ct.  of  Admiralty,  1808-1812,  Lon.,  1812,  8vo. 
N.  York,  1813,  '51,  8vo. 

Edwards,  Timothy,  d.  1758,  aged  88,  father  of  the 
first  President  Edwards,  was  a  son  of  Richard  Edwards,  a 
native  of  Hartford,  Connecticut.  Timothy  graduated  at 
Harvard  Coll.  in  1691,  was  ordained  in  1694,  and  was  the 
first  minister  of  East  Windsor,  Conn.  He  pub.  an  Election 
Sermon  in  1732.  It  appears,  from  R.  Wolcott's  dedication 
of  his  poems  to  him  in  1723,  that  Mr.  Edwards  had  some 
pretensions  as  a  poet. 

Edwards,  Timothy.  A  Paraphrase,  with  Critical 
Annotations,  on  the  Epistles  of  St.  Paul  to  the  Romans  and 
Galatians,  Lon.,  1752. 

"  A  judicious  compilation  from  the  best  previous  commentaries 
on  the  two  epistles." — Lowndes's  Brit.  Lib. 

Edwards,  Tryon,  D.D.,  b.  in  Hartford,  Connecticut, 
1809,  great-grandson  of  the  first  and  grandson  of  the  second 
President  Edwards,  graduated  at  Yale  Coll.,  and  studied 
theology  at  Princeton,  New  Jersey.  Author  of  Child's 
Commandment  and  Promise;  Self-Cultivation;  four  tracts 
pub.  by  the  Amer.  Tract  Soc.;  several  serms.  in  the  Na 
tional  Preacher ;  and  a  number  of  occasional  serms.  or  dis 
courses.  Memoir  of  Dr.  Bellamy,  pub.  with  his  Complete 
Works.  Memoir  of  President  Edwards  the  Younger,  pub. 
with  his  Complete  Works.  Christianity  a  Philosophy  of 
Principles,  Ac.  Address  at  Williams  College.  Editor  of 
Works  of  the  younger  President  Edwards ;  Charity  and  its 
Fruits,  from  the  MSS.  of  the  elder  President  Edwards;  the 
Family  Christian  Almanac,  (for  several  years.) 

Dr.  Edwards  also  designed  and  edited  Select  Poetry  for 
Children  and  Youth ;  Jewels  for  the  Household ;  Anecdotes 
for  the  Family;  The  Commandment  Illustrated;  The 
World's  Laconics,  (under  the  assumed  name  of  Everard 
Berkeley.) 

Contributor  to  The  Christian  Spectator ;  New  Englander ; 
Biblical  Repository ;  Biblical  Repertory ;  and  other  period 
icals.  We  have  already  announced  the  fact  that  Mr.  Ed 
wards  is  now  (1858)  engaged  in  preparing  a  new  edition 
of  the  works  of  his  distinguished  ancestor,  the  elder  Pre 
sident  Edwards.  See  EDWARDS,  JONATHAN. 

Edwards,  Capt.  Wm.  Ordinance  of  the  Lords  and 
Commons,  Ac.,  1644,  4to. 

Edwards,  Wm.  H.  A  Voyage  up  the  Amazon,  Lon., 
1848,  p.  8vo. 

"  Valuable  for  the  information  it  gives  on  this  very  little  known 
part  of  the  world." — Lvn.  Economist. 

"This  book  is  full  of  novelty."— ion.  Mhenceum. 
Edwin,  Archbishop  of  York.     22  Serms.,  Lon 
1585,  4to.     Serms.,  1616,  4to. 

Edwin,  John,  1749-1794,  a  celebrated  English  corne- 


EGE 

dian.     Eccentricities  arranged  and  digested  by  Anthony 
Pasquin,  Lon.,  2  vols.  8vo. 

Edy,  J.,  M.D.     Ruptures,  Ac.,  Lon.,  1801,  8vo. 
Edy,  John  Wm.     Scenes  in  Norway,  Lon.,  1812,  fol. 
Edye,  John.     Lett,  to  Wilberforce  on  the  Importation 
of  Foreign  Corn,  1815,  8vo. 
Edzard,  J.  E.     Serin.,  Lon.,  1696,  4to. 
Eedes,  John.     Justification  by  Faith,  Lon.,  1654, 4to. 
Eedes,  Richard,  D.D.    6  Serms.,  Lon.,  1604,  8vo. 
Eedes,  Richard.     Serm.,  Lon.,  1660,  4to. 
Eelbeck,  Henry.     Epinicion  Anglicanum,  Ac.,  8vo. 
Eeles,  Henry.     Philos.  Essays,  or  Thunder,  Vapour, 
Ac.,  Lon.,  1772,  8vo.     Con.  to  Phil.  Trans.,  1751. 
Eff,  Wm.     Praise  of  the  Gout,  1617,  4to. 
Egan,  Anthony.     Book  of  Rates  now  used  in  the  Sin 
Custom-house  of  the  Church  and  Court  of  Rome,  Lon., 
1674,  4to;  1678,  4to.     Other   publications.     See   Wood's 
Fasti  for  account  of  this  Franciscan. 

Egan,  Charles.  Assessed  Taxes,  Lon.,  1840,  12mo. 
Law  rel.  to  Building  Societies,  1847,  8vo.  Observ.  on  the 
New  French  Law  of  Patents,  4to. 

Egan,  Robert.     Exchanger,  Dubl.,  1781,  4to. 
Egan,  Thomas,  M.D.     Profes.  con.  to  Trans.  Roy. 
Irish  Acad.,  1806. 

Egbert,  Ecbert,  or  Ecgbert,  Archbishop  of 
York,  b.  about  678,  d.  766,  was  the  brother  of  Eadbert, 
King  of  Northumberland.  In  732  he  succeeded  the  younger 
Wilfrid  in  the  See  of  York.  1.  Dialogus  de  Ecclesiastica 
Institutione,  Dubl.,  1664,  4to;  Paris,  1666,  8vo.  By  War- 
ton  in  1693;  etv.  Bibl.  Parr.  Gallandii,  xiii.  266.  2.  Con- 
stitutiones  Ecclesiastics.  Egbert  composed  the  Confes- 
sionale  and  Poanitentiale,  which  were  afterwards  the  stand 
ard  authorities  of  the  Anglo-Saxon  Church;  and  some 
other  works  are  ascribed  to  him.  See  Wright's  Biog.  Brit., 
and  the  authorities  there  quoted. 

Egelshem,  Wells.  Eng.  Grammar,  Lon.,  1781, 12mo. 
Egerton.  Theatrical  Remembrancer,  Lon.,  1788, 12mo. 
A  continuation,  said  to  be  incorrect,  was  pub.  by  Barker 
in  1801. 

Egerton, Charles.  Hist,  of  Eng.  in  Verse,  Lon.,  1780. 
Egerton,  D.  T.     Views  in  Mexico,  12  pictures,  Lon., 
1839,  '40,  atlas  fol.     A  beautiful  set  of  plates. 

Egerton,  Lady  Frances,  Countess  of  Ellesmere, 
accompanied  her  husband  in  the  journey  which  he  has  so 
graphically  described  in  his  Mediterranean  Sketches.  Her 
ladyship  also  pub.  a  record  of  her  impressions  under  the 
title  of  Journal  of  a  Tour  in  the  Holy  Land,  8vo. 

"  The  genuine  pilgrim's  heart  we  find  in  Lady  F.  Egrerton's  un 
pretending  journal  more  than  in  any  other  modern  expedition  to 
the  Holy  Land  we  know."  See  an  article  entitled  Lady  Travellers, 
by  Miss  Rigby,  in  the  Lon.  Quar.  Review,  Ixxvi.  98-137. 

Egerton,Francis,Earl  of  Ellesmere,  K.G.,1800- 
1857,  second  son  of  the  Duke  of  Sutherland,  added  the  lustre 
of  letters  to  the  heraldic  honours  of  his  house.  His  trans, 
of  Goethe's  Faust,  of  Schiller's  and  Korner's  Poems,  his 
researches  in  Northern  Archaeology,  and  Sketches  of  East 
ern  Travel,  are  too  well  known  and  appreciated  to  require 
an  extended  notice  in  this  place.  1.  Camp  of  Wallenstein 
and  other  Poems,  Lon.,  12mo.  2.  Catherine  of  Cleves,  and 
Hernani ;  Tragedies,  8vo.  3.  Trans,  from  the  German,  8vo. 
4.  Boyle  Farm,  12mo.  5.  Mediterranean  Sketches,  1843, 
p.  8vo.  6.  The  two  Sieges  of  Vienna  by  the  Turks,  1847, 
p.  8vo. 

"  Of  the  manner  in  which  the  Earl  of  Ellesmere  has  discharged 
the  various  duties  of  translator,  editor,  and  author,  we  can  speak 
in  terms  of  high  praise.  .  .  .  The  work  is  a  valuable  contribution 
to  the  history  of  an  important  period." — Lon.  Athen. 

7.  Guide  to  Northern  Archaeology,  1848,  8vo.  8.  The 
Military  Events  in  Italy,  1848,  '49 ;  trans,  from  the  Ger 
man,  p.  8vo,  1850.  Commended  by  Lon.  M.  Chronicle. 
9.  Life  and  Character  of  the  Duke  of  Wellington,  1852, 
12mo.  10.  Hist,  of  the  Two  Tartar  Conquerors  of  China  ; 
from  the  French  ;  with  an  Introduc.  by  R.  II.  Major,  Hak. 
Soc.,  1854,  8vo.  11.  The  Pilgrimage,  and  other  Poems, 
1856,  4to.  See  Two  Funeral  Serms.  at  the  Funeral  of  tho 
Earl  of  Ellesmere,  by  Rev.  S.  V.  Beechey,  1857,  8vo. 

Egerton,  Francis  Henry.  See  BRIDGE  WATER, 
EARL  OF. 

Egerton,  Henry,  a  descendant  of  Lord  Chancellor 
Ellesmere,  Bishop  of  Hereford.  Serm.,  1727,  4to;  172U, 
4to;  1761,  4to;  1763,  4to. 

Egerton,  John,  son  of  the  preceding,  educated  at 
Oriel  Coll.,  Oxf.,  collated  to  the  living  of  Ross,  Hertford 
shire,  1743;  Bishop  of  Bangor,  1756;  of  Lichfield  and 
Coventry,  1768 ;  of  Durham,  1771.  Serm.,  Lon.,  1757, 4to; 
1761,  4to;  1763,  4to;  1768,  4to. 

Egerton,  Stephen.  Lecture,  Lon.,  1589,  8vo.  Cate 
chizing,  1594, 1630,  8vo.  Subjection  to  God  and  the  King, 
1616,  8vo. 


EGE 

Egerton,  Stephen.  Boring  of  the  Bare,  Lon.,  1623, 
12mo. 

Egerton,  Thomas,  Baron  of  Ellesmere,  Viscount 
Bradley,  b.  about  1540,  d.  1617,  educated  at  Brasenose 
Coll.,  Oxf.,  was  constituted  Lord  High  Chancellor  by  James 
I.  in  1603.  Speech  in  the  Exchequer  Chamber,  Lon.,  1609, 
4to.  Observ.  on  Lord  Coke's  Reports,  fol.  A  Treatise  on 
Chancery,  (1641,  4to,)  and  one  on  The  Chancellorship, 
(1651,  8vo,)  are  ascribed  to  him,  but,  it  is  thought,  erro 
neously.  He  left  many  MSS.  on  legal  and  political  sub- 
iect.  See  Park's  Walpole's  R.  and  N.  Authors.  We  have 
already  noticed  a  biography  of  this  eminent  statesman, 
pub.  by  the  DUKE  OP  BRIDGEWATER,  q.  v. 

''  But  surely  all  Christendom  afforded  not  a  person  which  carried 
more  gravity  in  his  countenance  and  behaviour  than  Sir  Thouias 
Kgerton,  insomuch  that  many  have  gone  to  the  Chancery  on  pur 
pose  only  to  see  his  venerable  garb,  (happy  they  who  had  no  other 
business!)  and  were  highly  pleased  at  so  acceptable  a  spectacle. 
Yet  was  his  outward  case  nothing  in  comparison  of  his  inward 
abilities,  quick  wit,  solid  judgment,  ready  utterance."— Fuller's 
Worthies  of  Cheshire. 

Egerton,  Wm.  Life  of  Mrs.  A.  Oldfield,  Lon.,  1731, 
Svo. 

Eglesfield,  Fr.     Monarchy  revived  in  the  most  illus 
trious  Chas.  the  Second,  Lon.,  1661, 1822,  Svo,  14  portraits. 
Eglesfield,  James.     Serm.,  Lon.,  1640. 
Egleton,  John.    H.  of  Commons,  Lon.,  1714,  Svo. 
Eglisham,  Eglisemmius,  or,  as  abbreviated,  Egli- 
sem,  George,  M.D.,  a  Scotchman,  "Doctor  of  Physick, 
and  one  of  the  physicians  to  King  James  [II.]  of  happy 
memory,  for  his  Majestie's  person,  above  ten  years'  space," 
has  already  claimed  our  notice  in  the  article  on  GEORGE 
BUCHANAN.    Hypocrisis  Apologeticae  Orationis  Vorstianae, 
Delph.,  1612,  4to.     Duelluni  Poeticum,  Ac.,  Georg.  Bu- 
chanano,  Lon.,  1618,  '19,  Svo.     Prodromus  Vindictse  in 
Ducem   Buckinghamise,  1626,  4to.      The  Forerunner  of 
Revenge,  1642, 4to.     Declaration  concerning  poisoning  K. 
James  of  happy  memory,  1648,  4to. 
Egmont,  Earls  of.     See  PERCEVAL. 
Egremont,  John.     The  Mildew,  Lon.,  1806,  Svo. 
Egremont,  John.  Law  of  Highways,  Ac.,  Lon.,  1830, 
2  vols.  12mo. 

Egwin,  a  native  of  the  district  of  the  Hwiccas,  d.  about 
718,  was  made  Bishop  of  Worcester  on  the  death  of  Oftfor, 
about  692.  Bale  attributes  to  him  three  works :  a  History 
of  the  Foundation  of  Evesham,  a  Book  of  Visions,  and  a 
Life,  of  Aldhelm. 

"  The  latter,  if  it  ever  existed,  is  now  lost.  The  other  two  are 
without  doubt  the  same  as  those  from  which  his  biographer  [sup 
posed  to  be  Berctwald,  Archbishop  of  Canterbury]  has  given  such 
copious  extracts ;  but  it  is  difficult  to  say  whether  they  still  existed 
at  the  time  of  Bale,  and  it  is  equally  uncertain  whether  they  were 
separate  books,  or  only  parts  of  one  work.  .  .  .  Egwin  of  Worcester 
is  remarkable  as  the  first  Englishman  who  wrote  any  thing  like  an 
autobiography;  but  this  was  only  an  account  of  his  pretended 
visions."—  WrighVs  Biog.  Brit.  Lit.,  q.  v. 

Ehret,  G.  D.  Horticult.  con.  to  Phil.  Trans.,  1763- 
67.  Hist.,  <fec.  of  R.  Warner's  Jessamine,  fol. 

Eichelberger,  Rev.  S.,  Lutheran  preacher,  Winches 
ter,  edited  2  vols.  Sermons  on  National  Blessings  and  Obli 
gations,  1830. 

Eichorn,  Charles.  A  Practical  German  Grammar, 
N.  York,  1849,  12ino. 

"  The  arrangement  is  excellent.  The  illustrations  are  sufficiently 
full  and  the  rules  comprehensive.  It  is  the  best  practical  grammar 
of  the  German  language." 

Eisdell,  J.  S.  Industry  of  Nations.  Vol.  K,  Produc 
tion.  Vol.  ii.,  Distribution,  Ac.,  Lon.,  1839,  2  vols.  Svo. 

"  The  fruits  of  great  diligence,  extensive  study,  well-digested 
arguments,  and  various  practical  conclusions,  not  the  less  valuable 
in  being  as  free  from  pedantry  as  they  are  from  all  bitterness,  either 
of  spirit  or  partisanship." — Eclectic  Review. 

Causes  and  Remedies  of  Poverty,  1852,  p.  8vo. 

Ekins,  Charles,  Rear-Admiral.  Naval  Battles,  1744- 
1814,  Reviewed  and  Illustrated,  1824,  4to. 

Ekins,  Jeffrey,  d.  1791,  Dean  of  Carlisle.  The  Loves 
of  Medea  and  Jason,  from  Apollonius  Rhodius,  Lon., 
1771,  4to. 

Eland,  Wm.  Tutor  to  Astrology,  Ac.,  Lon.,  1694, 
12mo.  Tutor  to  Astrology,  by  G.  Parker,  1704,  12mo. 

Elhorough,  Robert.     Fast  Serm.,  1660,  4to. 

Elborough,  Thomas.  Discourses,  1663,  Svo  j  1673, 
I2mo. 

Elborow,  John.     Serm.,  Lon.,  1637,  4to. 

Elbridge,  T.  R.  Dearness  of  Corn, Ac.,Lon.,1772,4to. 

Elchies,  Lord.  Decisions  Ct.  of  Session,  1732-1754; 
edited  from  the  orig.  MSS.  by  W.  M.  Morison,  Edin.,  1813, 
2  vols.  4to.  Annotations  on  Lord  Stair's  Institutions  of 
the  Law  of  Scotland,  1824,  4to. 

Elcock,  Ephraim.  On  a  Plea  for  Nonscribers. 
1651,  4to. 


ELI 

Elder.     Dumourier  on  Bonaparte,  Lon.,  1807. 
Elder,  John.     Letter  relative  to  Philip  and  Mary, 
(1555,)  16mo. 

Elder,  William,  M.D.,  b.  1809,  at  Somerset,  Penna., 
a  resident  of  Philadelphia.  1.  Periscopics :  a  Volume  of 
Miscellanies,  N.  York,  1854,  12mo ;  new  ed.,  with  Addi 
tions,  <fec.,  entitled  The  Enchanted  Beauty,  N.  York,  1855, 
12mo.  2.  Life  of  Dr.  E.  K.  Kane,  Phila.,  1857,  Svo :  see 
KANE,  E.  K. 

Elderfield,  Chris.,  d.  1652,  Rector  of  Burton,  Sus 
sex.  Civil  Right  of  Tythes,  Lon.,  1650,  4to;  1654.  Re 
generation,  Ac.,  1653,  4to. 

Elderton,  Wm.  A  new  merry  newes,  Lon.,  1 606,  Svo. 
A  Ballad  against  Marriage,  sine  anno.  Respecting  Elder- 
ton — "a  ballad-maker  by  profession,  and  drunkard  by 
habit" — see  Ritson's  Bibl.  Poet. ;  Herbert's  Ames ;  War- 
ton's  Eng.  Poet.;  Evans's  Old  Ballads;  Harleian  Misc., 
vol.  x. 

Eldon,  Dr.  Abraham,  a  nom  de  plume.  The  Con 
tinental  Traveller's  Oracle ;  or,  New  Maxims  for  Locomo 
tion,  2  vols. 

"  He  is  an  acute  observer  of  human  nature,  and  has  seen  very 
much  of  society  both  at  home  and  abroad."— Lon.  Lit.  Gaz. 

Eldred,  Wm.  '  The  Gunner's  Glasse:  set  forth  by 
Way  of  Dialogue,  Lon.,  1646,  4to. 

Eldridge,  F.  C.  N.  Hist,  of  Norwich,  Norw.,  (1738,) 
Svo. 

Ele,  Martin.     Making  Pitch,  Phil.  Trans.,  1697. 
Elemy,  Wm.     The   Sinner's   Thundering  Warning 
Piece;  an  account  of  a  great  storm,  Lon.,  Svo. 
Eley,  E.  S.     Visits  of  Mercy,  1813,  12mo. 
Elford,  Walter.  Complaint  agst.  Sir  S.  Crow,1649,4to. 
Elgan,  T.     The  Fallen  Farm-house,  1796. 
Elgin,  Thomas  Bruce,  Earl  of,  1771-1840.   Mem. 
on  the  subject  of  his  Pursuits  in  Greece,  Edin.,  1810,  4to ; 
Lon.,  1811,  Svo.     For  other  publications  on  this  subject, 
see  Lowndes's  Bibl.  Man.     His  lordship  expended  £74,000 
in  the  purchase  and  removal  of  his  vast  collection  of  Gre 
cian  antiquities.     They  were  bought  by  government  for 
£35,000.    So  that  the  charge  of  "  mercantile  spirit"  lavished 
upon  his  lordship  seems  rather  out  of  place. 

Eliazar,  Bar  Isajah,  a  converted  Jew.  A  Vindica 
tion  of  the  Christian  Messiah,  Lon.,  1653,  4to. 

Elibank,  Lord.  Considerations  on  the  Present  State 
of  the  Peerage  of  Scotland,  Lon.,  1771,  Svo. 

Elibank,  Patrick,  fifth  Lord.  Essays  on  the  Public 
Debt,  or  Paper  Money,  and  on  Frugality,  Edin.,  1753,  Svo. 
See  Dr.  Wallace's  Characteristics  of  the  Present  State  of 
Great  Britain,  Lon.,  1758,  Svo. 

Eliot,  Andrew,  D.D.,  1719F-1778,  a  minister  in  Bos 
ton.  Occasional  Serms.,  1742,  '44,  '50,  '54,  '59,  '66,  J71,  '73. 
Dudleian  Lecture,  1771.  20  Serms.,  1774,  Svo. 

Eliot,  Archdeacon  Edward.  Discourses  on  Chris 
tian  Responsibilities,  Lon.,  12mo.  Lectures  on  Chris 
tianity  and  Slavery,  preached  at  Barbadoes  Cathedral, 
1833,  12mo. 

"  Written  in  Archdeacon  Eliot's  most  impressive  style.  It  may 
indeed  be  said  to  breathe  the  pure  spirit  of  apostolical  Christianity." 
— Lon.  Chris.  Rememb. 

Eliot,  Francis  Perceval.  Armed  Yeomanry,  1794, 
Svo.  Paper  Currency,  1811,  Svo.  Financial  Remarks, 
1809,  Svo. 

Eliot,  Jared,  1685-1736,  a  minister  at  Killingworth, 
Connecticut,  was  a  grandson  of  John  Eliot,  "  The  Apostle 
of  the  N.  Amer.  Indians."  He  was  skilled  in  agriculture 
and  physic.  Agricult.  Essays;  several  edits.  Religion 
supported  by  Reason  and  Revelation,  1735.  Election  Serm., 
1738.  Serm.  on  the  taking  of  Louisbourg,  1745. 

Eliot,  John.  Ortho-Epia-Gallica :  Eliot's  Fruits  for 
the  French,  Lon.,  1593,  4to. 

Eliot,  John.  Poems,  Lon.,  1658,  sm.  Svo;  anon.  The 
name  of  John  Eliot  appears  at  the  end  of  a  poem  at  p.  34 
of  the  above  volume. 

"  Composed  by  nobody  knows  whom,  and  are  to  be  had  everybody 
knows  where,  and  for  somebody  knows  what." 

Eliot,  John,  1604-1690,  a  minister  of  Roxbury,  Mass., 
usually  called  "  The  Apostle  of  the  N.  Amer.  Indians,"  was 
a  nati ve  of  Nasing,  Essex,  England,  and  emigrated  to  Bos 
ton,  N.  England,  in  1631.  He  acquired  the  language  of 
the  Indians,  and  engaged  with  great  zeal  in  the  work  of 
their  conversion  to  Christianity,  in  which  he  was  eminently 
successful.  In  1661  he  pub.  his  trans,  of  the  New  Testa 
ment  into  the  Indian  tongue;  2d  edit.,  1680;  and  in  1663 
appeared  the  trans,  of  the  whole  Bible  in  4to,  entitled  Ma- 
musse  Wunneetupamatamwe  Up-Biblum  God  naneeswe 
Nukkone  Testament  kah  wonk  Wusku  Testament.  A  2d 
edit,  was  pub.  in  1685,  4to,  revised  by  Mr.  Cotton;  both 
were  printed  at  Cambridge,  N.  England. 


ELI 


ELL 


"  This  version  has  now  become  a  literary  curiosity,  there  being 
scarcely  any  person  living  who  can  read  or  understand  a  single 
verse  in  it."— Home's  Bibl.  Bib. 

If  this  declaration  offend  the  philological  vanity  of  any 
of  our  readers,  we  give  them  an  opportunity  of  testing 
their  skill  by  asking  a  translation  of  the  shortest  verse 
before  us : 

<;  Nummeetsuongash  asekesukokish  assmatinean  yeuyeu  ke- 
sukod." 

The  longest  word  used  in  the  Bible  is  in  St.  Mark  i.  40— 

Wutappesittukqussunnookwehtunkquoh — 
"kneeling  down  to  him."  We  presume  that  these  speci 
mens  will  be  enough  for  the  general  reader:  philologists 
are  referred  to  Eliot's  Indian  Bible,  1664,  4to.  New  ed., 
with  Notes,  by  P.  S.  Du  Ponceau,  and  Introduction,  by  J. 
Pickering,  Boston,  1822,  8vo.  For  the  other  publications 
of  this  excellent  and  devoted  man,  and  particulars  of  his 
life,  we  must  refer  the  reader  to  Mather's  Magnalia ;  Eliot's 
Life  and  Death ;  Neal's  N.  E. ;  Mass.  Hist.  Coll. ;  Douglas ; 
Hutchinson ;  Holmes ;  Allen's  Amer.  Biog.  Diet. ;  Life  by 
Convers  Francis,  in  Sparks's  Amer.  Biog.,  1st  ser.,  v.  i. 

The  excellent  Cotton  Mather  waxes  warm  when  he  takes 
up  his  fruitful  pen  to  depict  the  virtues  of  John  Eliot : 

"Having  implored  the  assistance  and  acceptance  of  that  God 
whose  blessed  word  has  told  us,  '  The  righteous  shall  be  had  in 
everlasting  remembrance,'  I  am  attempting  to  write  the  life  of  a 
righteous  person,  concerning  whom  all  things  but  the  meanness 
of  the  writer  invite  the  reader  to  expect  nothing  save  what  is  truly 
extraordinary.  It  is  the  life  of  one  who  has  better  and  greater 
things  to  be  affirmed  of  him,  than  could  ever  be  reported  concern 
ing  any  of_those  famous  men  which  have  been  celebrated  by  the 
,  Laertius,  an  Eunapius.  or  in  any  Pa 


gan  histories.  It  is  the  life  of  one  whose  character  might  very 
agreeably  be  looked  for  among  the  collections  of  a  Dorotheus,  or 
the  orations  of  a  Nazianzen;  or  is  worthy  at  least  of  nothing  less 
than  the  exquisite  stile  of  a  Melchior  Adam  to  eternize  it."—  Ubi 
supra. 

"  The  Apostle — and  truly  I  know  not  who  since  Peter  and  Paul 
better  deserves  that  name." — Oration  by  Htm.  Edward  Everett  at 
Dorchester,  Mass.,  July  4, 1855. 

Eliot,  John,  D.D.,  1754-1813,  a  minister  of  Boston, 
Mass.,  son  of  Andrew  Eliot,  D.D.,  was  one  of  the  founders 
and  principal  contributors  to  the  Mass.  Hist.  Society.  Oc 
casional  Serms.,  1782,  '83,  '94,  '97,  1800,  '05,  Ac.  Biog. 
Diet,  of  eminent  characters  in  N.  England,  Salem,  1809, 
8vo.  Papers  in  Mass.  Hist.  Coll.,  iv.,  vi.,  viii.,  ix.,  x. 

Eliot,  L.  W.     Serm.,  Lon.,  1820,  8vo. 

Eliot,  Samuel,  b.  at  Boston,  Mass.,  1821,  educated 
at  Harvard  University,  and  in  Europe.  1.  The  Life  and 
Times  of  Savonarola.  2.  The  Liberty  of  Rome:  a  His 
tory,  N.  York,  1849,  2  vols.  8vo  ;  Lon.,  1849,  2  vols.  8vo, 
and  a  folio  vol.  of  illustrations.  3.  The  History  of  Liberty, 
Bost.,  1853,  4  vols.  12mo  :  Pt.  1.  The  Ancient  Romans ;  Pt. 
2,  (repub.  Lon.,  1853,  2  vols.  8vo,)  The  Early  Christians. 

"  The  character  of  this  remarkable  American  work  may  be  in 
part  surmised  from  one  of  the  mottoes  on  its  title-page :  '  The  His 
tory  of  the  World  is  one  of  God's  own  great  poems.'  Its  aim,  in 
tracing  accurately  and  philosophically  the  struggles  of  Rome  after 
liberty,  is  to  show  that  over  antiquity,  as  over  our  own  times,  an 
overruling  Providence  prevailed,  and  that  none  can  fathom  the 
truths  of  history  but  with  the  plummet  of  Revelation.  It  main 
tains,  and  satisfactorily  elucidates,  the  great  truth  of  the  univer 
sality  of  the  Divine  government  as  the  groundwork  of  every  his 
tory  that  deserves  the  name." — PRESIDENT  KING. 

4.  Manual  of  United  States  History,  1492-1850,  1856, 
12mo.  Articles  in  periodicals. 

Eliot,  Samuel  A.  Sketch  of  the  History  of  Harvard 
College,  and  of  its  Present  State,  Bost,  1848,  12mo. 

Eliot,  Thomas.     See  ELYOT. 

Eliot,  W.  H.,  Jr.  Genealogy  of  the  Eliot  Family;  je- 
vised  and  enlarged  by  W.  S.  Porter,  N.  Haven,  1854,  8vo. 

Eliot,  Wm.  Granville.  Treatise  on  the  Defence  of 
Portugal,  with  a  Military  Map  of  the  Country,  Lon.,1811,8vo. 

Eliot,  Rev.  Wm.  G.,  D.D.,  of  St.  Louis,  Mo.  1.  Unity 
of  God,  Bost.,  12ino.  2.  Doctrines  of  Christianity,  1852. 
3.  Lectures  to  Young  Men,  1853,  16mo.  4.  Lectures  to 
Young  Women,  1853,  16mo. 

"  One  of  those  very  few  books  that  a  father  may  safely  place  in 
the  hands  of  his  daughter."— Mother's  Assistant. 

5.  Early  Religious  Education  Considered  as  the  Di 
vinely-Appointed  Way  to  the  Regenerate  Life,  1855.  6. 
A  Discourse,  1855.  7.  Discipline  of  Sorrow,  1855. 

Elis,  John,  D.D.    Defensio  Fidei,  Lon.,  1660,  12mo. 

Elis.     See  ELLIS. 

Elitos.     See  ELYOT,  THOMAS. 

Elizabeth,  Queen  of  England,  daughter  of  Henry 
VIII.  and  Anne  Boleyn,  1533-1603,  was  one  of  the  most 
learned  persons  of  her  time,  and  author  of  sundry  transla 
tions  from  the  Greek,  Latin,  and  French,  and  some  original 
compositions.  1.  The  Mirrour,  or  the  Glass  of  the  Sinfull 
Soul;  trans,  from  the  French  when  she  was  only  eleven 
years  of  age.  2.  Prayers  and  Meditations;  from  the 


French  of  Margaret  of  Navarre,  <tc.,  Lon.,  1548,  Svo. 
3.  A  Dialogue  from  Xenophon,  between  Hiero  and  Simon- 
ides.  4.  Two  Orations  from  Isocrates,  trans,  into  Latin. 
5.  Latin  Oration  at  Cambridge.  6.  Latin  Oration  at  Ox 
ford.  7.  Comment  on  Plato.  8.  Boethius  de  Consolatione 
Philosophise,  trans,  into  English,  1593.  Trans,  of  Sallust's 
Jugurthine  War  of  Plutarch  de  Curiositate,  Horace's  Art 
of  Poetry,  a  Play  of  Euripides,  &c.  For  other  composi 
tions  of  Elizabeth's,  see  Park's  Walpole's  R.  and  N.  Au 
thors.  For  publications  connected  with  her  reign  and  its 
literature,  and  accounts  of  her  personal  and  political  cha 
racter,  see  the  Histories  of  England  by  Hume,  Rapin, 
Echard,  Keightley,  Lingard,  and  the  Pictorial  History, 
Camden's  Annals,  Strype's  Annals  and  Memorials,  Bal- 
lard's  Memoirs,  Wood's  Annals,  Nichols's  Progresses,  An- 
drews's  Contin.  of  Henry's  Hist.,  Miss  Strickland's  Lives 
of  the  Queens  of  England,  Drake's  Shaksp.  and  his  Times, 
Harrington's  Nugae  Antiquae,  Hazlitt's  Dramat.  Lit.  of  the 
Age  of  Elizabeth,  Romantic  Biog.  of  the  Age  of  Elizabeth, 
and  many  other  works  which  we  have  no  room  to  cite. 
Especially  should  Anthony  Bacon's  Memoirs  of  Elizabeth, 
1581-1630,  be  carefully  perused: 

';  From  this  excellent  collection  we  are  as  well  acquainted  with 
the  Earl  of  Essex  and  the  Court  of  Queen  Elizabeth,  as  if  we  had 
lived  in  it."— Hardwicke's  State  Papers,  i.  372. 

"  I  have  been  informed  on  the  best  authority  that  Queen  Eliza 
beth  exercised  her  poetical  pen  more  voluminously  than  we  have 
hitherto  known,  for  that  there  exists  a  manuscript  volume  of  her 
majesty's  poems  in  that  rich  repository  of  state  papers — the  Hat- 
field  Collection." — Disraeli's  Amenities  of  Literature,  vol.  ii. 

Mr.  Headly  would  not  have  esteemed  this  volume  of  her 
majesty's  poetry  much  of  a  treasure : 

"  As  dead  queens  rank  but  with  meaner  mortals,  we  may  assert, 
without  much  fear  of  contradiction,  that  little  else  can  now  be 
gratified  by  the  perusal  of  Elizabeth's  poetry  than  mere  curiosity." 

The  Age  of  Elizabeth  is  certainly  the  most  brilliant  in 
the  literary  annals  of  England,  nor  is  it  likely  that  its 
splendour  will  ever  be  surpassed.  The  remarks  of  Mr. 
Hazlitt  in  this  connection  deserve  to  be  often  quoted,  and 
should  never  be  forgotten  by  the  Christian  and  man  of 
letters.  Referring  to  the  intellectual  activity  of  this  age, 
especially  the  many  mighty  names  which  adorn  the  dra 
matic  literature  of  the  times,  he  remarks : 

li  For  such  an  extraordinary  combination  and  development  of 
fancy  and  genius  many  causes  may  be  assigned,  and  we  seek  for 
the  chief  of  them  in  religion,  in  politics,  in  the  circumstances  of 
the  time,  the  recent  diffusion  of  letters,  in  local  situation,  and  in 
the  character  of  the  men  who  adorned  that  period  and  availed 
themselves  so  nobly  of  the  advantages  placed  within  their  reach. 
.  .  .  The  translation  of  the  Bible  was  the  chief  engine  in  the  great 
work.  It  threw  open,  by  a  secret  spring,  the  rich  treasures  of  reli 
gion  and  morality,  which  had  been  there  locked  up  as  in  a  shrine. 
...  It  gave  them  a  common  interest  in  the  common  cause.  Their 
hearts  burnt  within  them  as  they  read.  It  gave  a  mind  to  the 
people,  by  giving  them  common  subjects  of  thought  and  feeling. 
It  cemented  their  union  of  character  and  sentiment;  it  created 
endless  diversity  and  collision  of  opinion.  They  found  objects  to 
employ  their  faculties,  and  a  motive,  in  the  magnitude  of  the  con 
sequences  attached  to  them,  to  exert  the  utmost  eagerness  in  the 
pursuit  of  truth,  and  the  most  daring  intrepidity  in  maintaining 
it."— Lectures  on  the  Dramatic  Lit.  of  the  Age  of  Elizabeth,  Lect.  I. 

Elizabeth,  H.R.H.,  Princess,  3d  daughter  of  George 
III.  1.  Cupid  turned  Volunteer,  Lon.,  1808,  4to.  The 
poetical  illustrations  are  by  Thomas  Park.  2.  The  Power 
and  Progress  of  Genius,  in  a  series  of  21  Etchings,  1806, 
fol.  For  private  circulation  only.  3.  Six  Poems  (by  Wm. 
Coombe)  illustrative  of  as  many  Engravings  from  designs 
by  H.R.H.,  1813,  4to. 

Elizabeth,  Charlotte.     See  TONNA,  MRS. 

Elkes,  Richard.     Medicine  for  Soldiers,  Lon.,  1843. 

Elkin,  Benj.  Lett,  to  Editor  of  The  Voice  of  Jacob, 
rel.  to  the  Mishna,  Lon.,  1843. 

Elking,  Henry.  Interest  of  G.  Brit,  considered,  Lon., 
1723, 8vo.  Greenland  Trade  and  Whale-Fishery,  1722,  Svo. 

"  This  valuable  tract  embodies,  within  a  short  compass,  a  great 
deal  of  information  respecting  the  early  history  of  the  whale-fish 
ery."—  McCulloch's  Lit.  of  Polit.  Earn. 

Elkington,  Joseph.     See  JOHNSTONE,  JOHN. 

Ellaby,Francis.  Church  of  the  Lord,Lon.,1838,12mo. 

Ellaby,  James,  and  A.  S.  Thelwall.  Anti-Mam 
mon,  or  an  Exposure  of  the  Unscriptural  Statements  of 
Mammon,  (by  Rev.  John  Harris,)  3d  edit.,  Lon.,  1837,  cr. 
Svo.  See  HARRIS,  JOHN. 

Ellesby,  James.     Serm.,  1684,  4to;  do.,  1694,  4to. 

Ellesmere,  Countess  of.  See  EGKRTON,  LADY 
FRANCES. 

Ellesmere,  Earl  of.     See  EGERTON,  FRANCIS. 

Ellesmere,  Baron.     See  EGERTON,  THOMAS. 

Ellet,  Charles,  Jr.  The  Mississippi  and  Ohio  Ri 
vers,  Phila.,  1853,  Svo. 

Ellet,  Elizabeth  F.,  a  daughter  of  Wm.  A.  Lummis, 
M.D.,  and  wife  of  Wm.  H.  Ellet,  M.D.,  late  Professor  of 


ELL 


ELL 


Chemistry  in  Columbia  College,  New  York  City,  and  in  the 
College  at  Columbia,  S.  Carolina,  is  a  native  of  Sodus,  New 
York.  Her  first  publication,  a  poem  in  the  American  La 
dies'  Magazine,  Boston,  appeared  in  1833,  and  a  trans,  of 
Silvio  Pcllico's  Euphemia  of  Messina,  in  1834;  since  which 
she  has  been  one  of  the  most  voluminous,  and  certainly 
one  of  the  most  popular,  writers  of  America.  We  give  a 
list  of  her  works:  1.  Poems,  Original  and  Selected,  1835, 
12mo.  2.  Teresa  Contarini;  a  Tragedy  acted  in  1835. 

3.  Scenes  in   the  Life  of  Joanna  of  Sicily,  1840,  12mo. 

4.  The   Characters  of  Schiller,  1841,  12mo.     5.  Rambles 
about  the  Country,  18mo.      6.  Evenings  at  Woodlawn, 
12uio.     7.  The  Women  of  the  American  Revolution,  1848, 
Ac.,  3  vols.  12mo.     8.  Family  Pictures  from  the  Bible, 

1849,  12mo.     9.  The  Domestic  History  of  the  American 
Revolution,  1850,  12mo.     10.  Watching  Spirits,  1851,  8vo. 
11.  Scripture  Gift  Book,  8vo.     12.  Pioneer  Women  of  the 
West,  1852,  12mo.     13.  Nouvellettes   of  the   Musicians, 
1852,  12mo.      14.  Summer  Rambles  in  the  West,  1853, 
12mo.     Mrs.  Ellet  has  contributed  many  articles  to  the 
North  American,  the  American  Quarterly,  and  the  South 
ern  Quarterly,  Reviews.     For  critical  notices  of  her  writ 
ings,  we  must  refer  the  reader  to  Griswold's  Female  Poets 
of  America,  Mrs.  Hale's  Woman's  Record,  Hart's  Female 
Prose  Writers  of  America,  and  the  Southern  Literary  Mes 
senger,  ii.  116. 

An  English  periodical  of  high  authority  and  most  vigor 
ous  tone  of  criticism  acknowledges  that 

"In  treating  the  Women  of  the  Revolution,  Mrs.  Ellet  is  fair 
and  honest ;  .  .  .  and  the  illustrations  which  might  be  drawn  from 
a  book  like  this,  contain  a  lesson  neither  ephemeral  in  value  nor 
limited  in  its  application." — Lon.  Athenaium. 

Ellia,  Felix.  Norman  Banditti,  or  the  Fortress  of 
Constance  j  a  Tale,  Lon.,  1799,  2  vols.  12mo. 

Ellicott,  Andrew,  1759-1820,  Prof,  of  Mathemat.  at 
West  Point,  N.  York;  Commissioner  of  the  U.  States.  His 
Journal :  rel.  to  Boundary  between  U.  States  and  Spain, 
Phila.,  1803,  4to.  Astronom.,  <fec.  con.  to  Trans.  Amer.  Soc., 
1793,  '99,  1802. 

Ellicott,  C.  J.  Hist,  and  Obligation  of  the  Sabbath : 
Hulsean  Lecture,  Lon.,  1844,  8vo. 

Ellicott,  John.  Electricity,  Lon.,  1748, 4to.  Clocks, 
1753,  &c.,  4to.  Metals,  Diamonds,  Electricity,  Clocks; 
see  Phil.  Trans.,  1736,  '45,  '51. 

Ellington,  Edward.     Serm.,  Lon.,  1771,  8vo. 

Elliot.  Essays  upon  the  Husbandry  of  New  England, 
Lon.,  1764,  4to. 

Elliot  and  Strobel.  A  Digest  of  the  Militia  Law 
of  South  Carolina,  Charleston,  1834,  8vo. 

Elliot,  Miss.  Fancy's  Wreath;  a  collec.  of  Fables 
and  Allegorical  Tales  in  Prose  and  Verse,  1813,  8vo. 

Elliot,  Adam.     Vindic.  of  T.  Gates,  Lon.,  1682,  fol. 

Elliot,  Adam.     Travels,  &c.  in  Fez. 

Elliot,  Charles,  D.D.,  b.  1792,  in  the  county  of  Do 
negal,  Ireland.  Indian  Missionary  Reminiscences,  N.  York, 
ISmo.  Delineation  of  Roman  Catholicism,  N.  York,  2  vols. 
8vo;  3d  ed.,  Lon.,  1851,  imp.  8vo.  This  distinguished  Me 
thodist  divine  has  also  pub.  an  Essay  on  Baptism,  (1834,) 
a  life  of  Rev.  Mr.  Roberts,  and  a  work  on  Slavery. 

Elliot,  Charles  H.  The  Republican,  in  a  Series  of 
Strictures  on  T.  Paine's  Rights  of  Man,  Lon.,  1791,  8vo. 

Elliot,  E.     Paraphrase  of  Job,  1792,  12mo. 

Elliot,  George.  Life  of  the  Duke  of  Wellington, 
Lon.,  1815,  8vo.  A  Narrative  of  his  Life,  8vo.  , 

Elliot,  Sir  Gilbert,  d.  1777,  distinguished  as  a  par 
liamentary  speaker,  and  father  of  the  first  Earl  of  Minto, 
wrote  "  the  beautiful  pastoral  song"  (Sir  Walter  Scott)  be 
ginning  with  the  lines — 

"  My  sheep  I  neglected,  I  broke  my  sheep-hook, 
And  all  the  gay  haunts  of  my  youth  I  forsook." 

Elliot,  Gilbert,  D.D.,  Dean  of  Bristol.     Serms.,  Lon., 

1850,  8vo.  Speech,  Bristol,  1850, 12mo.  Letter,  1851, 12mo. 
Elliot,  James,  is  well  known  as  the  author  of  several 

valuable  works  on  Geometry,  Mensuration,  Trigonometry, 
Algebra,  Ac.,  Lon.,  1845-51. 

"  These  books  [on  Geometry  and  Mensuration]  are  the  work  of  a 
man  who  is  both  an  able  practical  Mathematician,  and  an  expe 
rienced  Teacher." — Lon.  Spectator. 

Elliot,  Miss  Jane,  sister  to  Sir  Gilbert  Elliot,  of 
Minto,  gained  considerable  reputation  by  her  song  entitled 
"  Flowers  of  the  Forest" — a  dirge  for  the  slain  at  Flodden 
Field.  It  has  been  placed  in  competition  with  Mrs.  Cathe 
rine  Cockburn's  song  of  the  same  title. 

Elliot,  Sir  John.  Speech,  Lon.,  1641,  4to.  Argts. 
upon  the  Writ  of  Habeas  Corpus  contg.  Loans  in  the  K.  B. 

Elliot,  or  Elliott,  John,  M.D.,  d.  1786.  Works  on 
medicine,  physiology,  and  nat.  philos.,  Lon.,  1780-87. 

Elliot,  R.,  d.  1788,  formerly  of  Bene't  Coll.,  Camb., 


was  a  native  of  Kingsbridge,  Devon.  Serms.  and  theolog. 
treatises,  1788-1813. 

Elliot,  Robert.     Spec,  of  Burnet's  Hist.,  1715,  8vo. 

Elliot,  Robert,  Capt.  R.N.  Views  in  the  East;  from 
Sketches  by  Capt.  E.,  imp.  8vo,  r.  4to,  and  imp.  4to. 

Elliot,  Samuel  H.,  b.  1809,  at  Brattleborough,  Ver 
mont.  1.  Rolling  Bridge,  Bost.,  1838,  16mo.  2.  Sequel 
to  No.  1,  1844,  16mo.  3.  Emily  Maria,  N.  York,  1844, 
16mo.  4.  The  Parish  Side,  1854,  12mo.  5.  Dreams  and 
Realities,  1856,  12mo.  6.  New  England's  Chattels,  1858, 
12mo.  Also  papers  in  periodicals. 

Elliot,  Thos.    Chemistry  and  Nat.  Hist,  1784,  2  vols. 

Elliotson,  John,  M.D.,  b.  London,  towards  the  close 
of  the  18th  century ;  Pres.  Roy.  Med.  and  Chir.  Soc.,  Lon. ; 
Prof.  Principles  and  Practice  of  Medicine,  &c.  Univ.  Coll., 
Lon. ;  Lecturer  on  the  Practice  of  Medicine,  St.  Thomas's 
Hospital,  Lon.  1.  Cases  of  the  Hydrocyanic  or  Prussia 
Acid,  Lon.,  1820,  8vo.  2.  Lectures  on  Diseases  of  the 
Heart,  1830,  fol.  3.  Principles  and  Practice  of  Medicine, 
1839,  8vo;  2d  ed.,  by  Drs.  N.  Rogers  and  A.  Cooper  Lee, 
1842,  8vo,  pp.  1232.  Amer.  ed.,  with  Notes  and  Additions 
by  T.  Stewardson,  Phila.,  1844,  8vo.  This  valuable  work 
has  been  trans,  into  the  German  and  other  languages.  4. 
Human  Physiology,  1840,  '56,  8vo.  5.  Surgical  Operations 
in  the  Mesmeric  State  without  Pain,  1843,  8vo. 

Elliott,  C.  B.  1.  Letters  from  the  North  of  Europe, 
Lon.,  8vo.  Commended  by  Lon.  Lit.  Gaz. 

2.  Travels  in  Austria,  Russia,  and  Turkey,  1838,  2  vols. 

Elliott,  Charles  B.,  Rector  of  Tattingstone.  The 
Vicissitudes  of  Life;  a  Serm.,  Godalming,  1838,  8vo. 

Elliott,  Ebenezer,  1781-1849,  known  by  the  title  of 
"The  Corn-Law  Rhymer,"  was  a  native  of  Masborough, 
near  Rotherham,  Yorkshire.  His  father  was  a  clerk  in  the 
Iron-works,  at  a  salary  of  £70  per  annum,  with  which  a 
family  of  eight  children  were  to  be  supported.  Obliged  to 
commence  hard  labour  at  an  early  age  in  the  foundry,  there 
seemed  to  be  little  prospect  of  that  literary  reputation  which 
the  industrious  operative  was  destined  to  achieve.  A  taste 
for  reading,  however,  triumphed  over  all  obstacles,  and  a 
warm  admiration  of  poetry,  especially  the  rural  pictures 
of  Thomson,  soon  resulted  in  an  attempt  at  imitation,  which 
was  sufficiently  successful  to  excite  the  astonishment  of 
several  literary  gentlemen,  who  determined  that  such 
powers  should  not  be  allowed  to  lie  dormant.  His  first 
publication  was  the  Vernal  Walk,  written  in  his  17th  year. 
He  next  gave  to  the  world  "Night,"  a  portion  of  which  is 
repub.  in  his  works  under  the  title  of  the  Legend  of  Wharn- 
cliffe.  This  was  severely  handled  by  the  Monthly  Review 
and  the  Monthly  Magazine ;  but  Elliott  was  not  easily  dis 
couraged,  and  again  ventured  before  the  public  in  a  volume 
of  Poems,  which  was  also  unsuccessful.  But  Southey  con 
soled  the  author: 

"  There  is  power  in  the  least  of  these  tales,  but  the  higher  you 
pitch  your  tone  the  better  you  succeed.  Thirty  years  ago  they 
would  have  made  your  reputation ;  thirty  years  hence  the  world  will 
wonder  that  they  did  not  do  so." 

To  this  volume  succeeded  the  Poem  of  Love,  prefaced 
by  a  savage  attack  upon  Byron's  Giaour;  to  which  his 
lordship  deigned  no  reply. 

Deserting  the  tender  themes  which  had  heretofore  in 
spired  his  muse,  Elliott  now  appeared  in  the  character  of 
the  Corn-Law  Rhymer.  The  "  Corn-Law  Rhymes" — urg 
ing  the  repeal  of  the  duties  and  free  trade  in  bread-stuffs — 
were  pub.  in  the  same  vol.  with  The  Ranter.  In  1829  he 
gave  to  the  world  "  The  Village  Patriarch,"  and  in  1831 
contributed  to  the  New  Monthly  Magazine  a  Spenserian 
poem  entitled  "Byron  and  Napoleon,  or  they  met  in  Hea 
ven."  In  the  same  year  appeared  the  3d  edit,  of  Love, 
and  the  3d  edit,  of  Corn-Law  Rhymes.  The  "Poet  of  the 
People"  had  now  gained  sufficient  reputation  to  justify  his 
favouring  the  public  with  a  collective  edit,  of  his  poems. 
They  appeared  in  three  vols.,  Lon.,  12mo,  1833,  '34,  '35 ; 
and  in  1840  an  edit,  was  issued  in  one  vol.  r.  8vo.  For 
further  particulars  respecting  Elliott,  see  a  sketch  of  hi3 
life  (chiefly  taken  from  a  memoir  in  the  Sheffield  and  Ro 
therham  Independent)  in  the  Gent.  Mag.,  Feb.,  1850,  to 
which  we  are  indebted  for  the  above  facts.  See  also  The 
Life,  Character,  and  Genius  of  Ebenezer  Elliott,  by  J.  Serle, 
1850,  18mo,  Poetry  and  Letters,  by  J.  Watkins,  1850,  p. 
8vo,  and  More  Verse  and  Prose,  vols.  i.  and  ii.,  1850, 12mo. 
An  article  on  Elliott  will  be  found  in  Chambers's  Papers 
for  the  People,  and  an  autobiographical  Memoir  in  the 
London  Athenaeum  for  Jan.  1850.  By  his  attention  to  the 
iron  business,  in  which  he  was  engaged,  he  was  enabled  to 
gain  a  respectable  compete'nce.  We  give  extracts  from  the 
opinions  of  several  known  authorities  respecting  the  merits 
of  Elliott  as  a  poet.  The  reviewer,  after  referring  to  the 


ELL 


ELL 


remarkable  dearth  of  true  poetry  which  distinguished  the 
day,  proceeds  : 

"If  the  whole  welkin  hang  overcast  in  drizzly  dinginess,  the 
feeblest  light-gleam  or  speck  of  blue  cannot  pass  unheeded.  The 
Works  of  "this  Corn-Law  Rhymer  we  might  liken  rather  to  some 
little  fraction  of  a  rainbow :  hues  of  joy  and  harmony,  painted  out 
of  troublous  tears.  No  round  full  bow,  indeed ;  gloriously  span 
ning  the  Heavens;  shone  on  by  the  full  sun;  and,  with  seven- 
striped,  golden-crimson  border  (as  is  in  some  sort  the  office  of 
Poetry)  dividing  Black  from  Brilliant:  not  such;  alas,  still  far 
from  it !  Yet,  in  very  truth,  a  little  prismatic  blush,  glowing  genu 
ine  among  the  wet  clouds;  which  proceeds,  if  you  will,  from  a  sun 
cloud-hidden,  yet  indicates  that  a  sun  does  shine,  and  above  those 
vapours,  a  whole  azure  vault  and  celestial  firmament  stretch 
serene." — THOMAS  CARLYLE:  Edin.  Rev.,  Iv.  338.  - 

"  Ebenezer  Elliott  (of  whom  more  another  day)  claims  with  pride 
to  be  the  Poet  of  the  Poor — and  the  poor  might  well  be  proud,  did 
they  know  it,  that  they  have  such  a  poet.  Not  a  few  of  them  know 
it  now — and  many  will  know  it  in  future ;  for  a  muse  of  fire  like 
his  will  yet  send  its  illumination  '  into  deep,  dark  holds.'  May  it 
consume  all  the  noxious  vapours  that  infest  such  regions — and 
purify  the  atmosphere— till  the  air  breathed  there  be  the  breath  of 
life."— PROF.  WILSON:  Recreations  of  Citrislopher  North— an  Hour's 
Talk  about  Poetry. 

"  His  sky  never  shows  the  calm,  clear,  unclouded  summer  blue; 
some  speck  on  the  horizon,  although  no  bigger  than  a  man's  hand, 
ever  predicates  storm ;  and  it  is  impossible  to  mistake  Elliott's  moor 
lands  for  the  Elysian  fields.  As  a  depicter  of  the  phases  of  hu 
manity,  his  portraits  are  almost  all  of  one  class ;  and  with  that 
class  are  identified  his  entire  sympathies.  Hence  it  is  that  he 
seems  deficient  in  that  genial  spirit  which  characterizes  more  ca 
tholic  natures ;  in  those  expansive  feelings  which  embrace  society 
in  all  its  aspects ;  in  those  touches  which  '  make  all  flesh  kin.'  "— 
JUoir's  Poet.  Lit.  of  the  Past  Half  Century. 

"  The  inspiration  of  his  verse  is  a  fiery  hatred  of  injustice.  With 
out  possessing  much  creative  power,  he  almost  places  himself  be 
side  men  of  genius  by  the  singular  intensity  and  might  of  his 
sensibility.  He  understands  very  well  the  art  of  condensing  pas 
sion.  '  Spread  out  the  thunder,'  says  Schiller, '  into  its  single  tones, 
and  it  becomes  a  lullaby  for  children ;  pour  it  forth  together,  in  one 
quick  peal,  and  the  royal  sound  shall  move  the  heavens.'  The 
great  ambition  of  Elliott  is  to  thunder.  He  is  a  brawny  man,  of 
nature's  own  make,  with  more  than  the  usual  portion  of  the  an 
cient  Adam  stirring  within  him ;  and  he  says,  '  I  do  well  to  be  an 
gry.'  The  mere  sight  of  tyranny,  bigotry,  meanness,  prompts  his 
smiting  invective.  His  poetry  could  hardly  have  been  written  by 
a  man  who  was  not  physically  strong.  You  can  hear  the  ring  of 
his  anvil,  and  see  the  sparks  fly  off  from  his  furnace,  as  you  read 
his  verse."— EDWIN  P.  WHIPPLE  :  Essays  and  Reviews— Eng.  Poets 
of  the  Nineteenth  Century. 

"I  am  quite  willing  to  hazard  any  critical  credit,  by  avowing 
my  persuasion,  that  in  originality,  power,  and  even  beauty,  when 
he  chose  to  be  beautiful,  he  might  have  measured  heads  beside 
Byron  in  tremendous  energy,  Crabbe  in  graphic  description,  and 
Coleridge  in  effusions  of  domestic  tenderness;  while  in  intense 
sympathy  with  the  poor,  in  whatever  he  deemed  their  wrongs  or 
their  sufferings,  he  excelled  them  all— and  perhaps  everybody  else 
among  contemporaries,  in  prose  or  verse.  He  was,  in  a  transcend 
ental  sense,  the  poet  of  the  poor,  whom,  if  not  always  wisely,  I  at 
least  dare  not  say,  he  loved  too  well.  His  personal  character,  his 
fortunes,  and  his  genius,  would  require,  and  they  deserve,  a  full  in 
vestigation,  as  furnishing  an  extraordinary  study  of  human  na 
ture."— JAMES  MONTGOMERY  :  reference  to  Memoir  above.  See  also 
Allan  Cunningham's  Biog.  and  Crit.  Hist,  of  the  Lit.  of  the  last 
Fifty  Years. 

Elliott,  Edward  B.,  Preb.  of  Heytesbury.  1.  Horse 
Apocalyptic*,  4th  ed.,  Lon.,  1851,  4  vols.  8vo. 

"An  exceedingly  valuable  work."— Bickersteth's  C.  S. 

2.  Reply  to  T.  K.  Arnold,  1845,  8vo.  3.  Reply  to  Dr. 
Candlish,  1847,  8vo.  4.  Vindicise  Horarise.  Letters  to 
Dr.  Keith,  1848,  Svo. 

Elliott,  Frank  R.,  b.  1817,  atGuilford,  Connecticut. 
American  Fruit-Grower's  Guide,  N.  York,  1854,  12mo. 
Contributions  to  various  agricult.  and  horticult.  journals 
of  the  U.  States. 

Elliott,  George  Percy.  Qualifications,  Ac.  of  Par 
liamentary  Electors  in  Eng.  and  Wales,  2d  ed.,  Lon.,  1843. 
12mo. 

Elliott,  H.  M.  Bibliographical  Index  to  Mohammedan 
History,  vol.  i.,  Lon.,  1849,  8vo. 

Elliott,  Henry  Venn.     Serm.  on  the  death  of  the 

^'iH-enry  Mortlock>with  a  brief  Memoir,Lon.,1837,12mo. 

Elliott,  Jonathan.  The  American  Diplomatic  Code, 
with  Treaties,  Ac.,  1778-1834,  Wash.,  1834,  2  vols.  8vo. 

'It  appears  to  me  to  be  a  very  valuable  work  for  all  persons  who 
desire  to  have  a  knowledge  of  our  Diplomatic  History,  of  our  Trea 
ties,  and  of  the  general  principles  of  Public  Law  applicable  to  our 
Foreign  Relations  It  seems  to  me,  also,  almost  indispensable  for 

S™?^^^ 

Debates  in  the  Several  State  Conventions  on  the  Adop 
tion  of  the  Federal  Constitution  ;  2d  ed.,  1836,  4  vols  8vo 
Supplement,  (vol.  v.,)  1843,  Svo;  new  ed.,  revised,  Phila.! 
1858,  5  vols.  ovo. 

Elliott,  Mary.  Tales  for  Boys,  1839, 18mo  •  for  Girls 
1845,  18mo;  of  Truth,  1840,  l^mo;  for  the  Young  1852 
18mo  ;  for  Young  People,  new  edit.,  1852,  18mo.  Other 
works  for  the  young. 


Elliott,  Stephen,  LL.D.,  1771-1830,  Professor  of 
Botany  in  the  Medical  College  of  S.C.,  was  a  native  of 
Beaufort,  S.C.  He  was  one  of  the  principal  conductors  of 
the  Southern  Review,  and  an  accomplished  scholar.  Sketch 
of  the  Botany  of  S.  Carolina  and  Georgia,  Charleston,  S.C., 
1821,  2  vols.  8vo. 

Elliott,  Stephen,  Jr.,  D.D.,  b.  1806,  at  Beaufort,  S.C., 
formerly  Prof,  of  Sacred  Literature  in  the  S.C.  College,  was 
ordained  deacon  in  1835  and  priest  in  '36 ;  consecrated 
Bishop  of  Georgia  in  1841.  Sermons,  Ac. 

Elliott,  William,  b.  1788,  at  Beaufort,  S.C.,  a  nephew 
of  Stephen  Elliott,  LL.D.  1.  Address  before  the  St.  Paul's 
Agricultural  Society,  Charleston,  1850.  2.  Fiesco;  a 
Tragedy,  printed  for  the  Author,  N.Y.,  1850,  12mo.  3. 
Carolina  Sports  by  Land  and  Water,  Charleston,  1856, 
12mo.  See  Duyckincks'  Cyc.  of  Amer.  Lit. 

Ellis.  New  Britain;  a  Narrative  of  a  Journey  to  a 
country  in  the  Plain  of  the  Missouri,  Lon.,  1820,  8vo. 

"A  work  of  fiction,  descriptive  of  a  Utopian  state  of  society." 

Ellis.  The  Clergyman's  Assistant ;  new  ed.,  Oxf.,  1828, 
Svo.  A  useful  work  on  the  legal  and  ecclesiastical  rights, 
duties,  and  liabilities  of  the  clergy. 

Ellis,  Dr.  Summary  of  the  Roman  Law,  taken  from 
Dr.  Taylor's  Elements  of  the  Civil  Law,  Lon.,  1772,  Svo. 

Ellis,  Benjamin,  M.D.  The  Medical  Formulary. 
Corrected  and  extended  by  S.  G.  Morton,  M.D.,  Phila., 
1849,  Svo;  10th  ed.,  revised  and  enlarged  to  1S54,  by  Ro 
bert  P.  Thomas,  M.D.,  Prof,  of  Materia  Medica  in  the  Phil. 
Coll.  of  Pharmacy,  1854,  Svo. 

"Particularly  useful  to  students  and  young  practitioners."— 
Charleston  Med.  Jour,  and  Rev. 

Ellis,  Rev.  Charles.  Con.  to  Phil.  Trans.,  1703: 
on  Printing ;  boy  with  letters  in  his  eye,  Ac. 

Ellis,  Charles.  1.  Pleadings  in  Suits  for  Tithes  in 
!  -Equity,  Ac.,  Lon.,  1821,  Svo.  2.  Law  of  Debtor  and  Credi 
tor,  1822,  r.  Svo.  3.  Law  of  Fire  and  Life  Insurance  and 
Annuities,  1832,  Svo;  2d  ed.,  1846. 

Ellis,  Charles  Thomas.  1.  Solicitor's  Instructor 
|  in  Parliament,  Lon.,  1799,  Svo.  2.  Practical  Remarks  and 
:  Prac.  of  Proceed,  in  Parl.  on  Private  Bills,  1810,  Svo; 
App.,  1811. 

Ellis,  Clement,  1630-1700,  Preb.  of  Southwell,  1693. 

Poem,  Oxf.,  1658.     Poem,  Lori.,  1660,  fol.     He  pub.  a  num- 

j  ber  of  serms.  and  theolog.  treatises,  1661-1700,  and  some 

i  were  pub.  after  his  death.     Discourse  on  the  Parables,  with 

!  an  Account  of  his  Life  and  Writings,  1704,  Svo.   The  Scrip- 

!  ture  Catechist,  being  a  full  Expl.  of  the  Ch.  Catechism, 

1738,  Svo. 

"  His  writings  in  practical  theology  are  distinguished  for  eminent 
and  fervent  piety,  soundness  of  doctrine,  and  a  vigorous,  unaffected, 
j  manly  style."  See  Athen.  Oxon. ;  Words  worth's  Eccles.  Biog.;  Chal- 
I  mers's  Biog.  Diet.;  Bickersteth's  C.  S. 

Ellis,  Daniel.  Inquiry  into  the  Changes  induced  in 
Atmospheric  Air  by  the  Germination  of  Seeds,  the  Vege 
tation  of  Plants,  and  the  Respiration  of  Animals,  Edin., 
1807,  Svo.  Further  Inquiries,  Ac.,  1811,  Svo.  This  is  a 
valuable  work  upon  a  very  important  subject. 

Ellis,  Dom.     Serin.,  Lon.,  1685,  '86,  4to. 

Ellis,  Elis,  or  Elys,  Edmund.  Dia  Poemata,  Lon., 
1655,  12mo.  Divine  Poems,  Oxon.,  1658,  Svo.  Exclama 
tion  agst.  an  Apology  for  Cowley's  verses,  Lon.,  1670,  4to. 
Omnis  qui  audiunt  Evangelium,  Ac.,  1677,  Svo.  For  an 
account  of  this  divine  and  his  numerous  publications,  see 
Wood's  Athen.  Oxon. 

Ellis,  Edward.  A  Sudden  and  Cloudy  Messenger, 
Lon.,  1649,  4to. 

Ellis,  George,  1745-1815,  was  a  contributor  to  The 
Rolliad,  and  the  Probationary  Odes,  in  which  Mr.  Pitt  met 
with  no  mercy.  1.  Memoir  of  a  Map  of  the  Countries  be 
tween  the  Black  Sea  and  the  Caspian,  Ac.,  Lon.,  1788,  4to; 
anon.  2.  Fabliaux  trans,  from  Le  Grand  by  G.  L.  Way, 
with  Pref.  Notes,  and  App.  by  G.  Ellis,  1796-1800,  2  vols. 
Svo.  3.  Specimens  of  the  Early  English  Poets,  1790,  Svo ; 
1801,  '03,  3  vols.  Svo;  4th  ed.,  1811,  3  vols.  Svo;  5th  ed., 
I  1845,  3  vols.  fp.  Svo ;  1851.  This  is  a  work  of  consider 
able  value,  and  should  be  in  all  good  libraries.  It  elicited 
j  Southey's  Specimens  of  the  Later  English  Poets.  See 
j  Southey's  Life  and  Correspondence.  Ellis's  Specimens  of 
the  Early  English  Poets  is  noticed  by  an  eminent  critic,  as 

"In  some  respects  a  judicious  and  entertaining  miscellany,  ar 
ranged  in  chronological  order;  hut  the  mutilation  of  several  of  the 
poems  at  the  mercy  of  the  editor,  with  only  a  general  acknowledg 
ment  in  the  preface,  seems  very  reprehensible." — SIR  S.  K.  BRYDGF.S  : 
Pref.  to  his  ed.  of  PhiUips's  T/ieat.  Poet.  Anglic. 

4.  Specimens  of  Early  English  Romances  in  Metre,  1805, 

3  vols.  Svo ;  2d  ed.,  1811, 3  vols.  cr.  Svo.     New  ed.,  revised 

by  J.  0.  Halliwell,  Esq.,  F.R.S.,  1848,  sm.  Svo.     An  excel- 

j  lent  work.     Sir  Walter  Scott  addressed  to  Ellis  the  5th 

1  canto  of  Marmion. 


ELL 

"  George  Ellis  was  the  first  converser  I  ever  saw.  His  patience 
and  good  breeding  made  me  often  ashamed  of  myself,  going  off  at 
score  upon  some  favourite  topic."— Sir  Walter  Scott's  Diary. 

Ellis,  Rev.  George  E.,  b.  1815,  Boston.  To  this 
gentleman  we  are  indebted  for  three  of  the  Lives  in  the 
Second  Series  of  Sparks's  American  Biography, — viz. :  1. 
John  Mason,  iii.  307 ;  2.  Anne  Hutchinson,  vi.  167  ;  3. 
William  Penn,  xii.  193.  Contrib.  to  the  N.  Amer.  Rev. 

Ellis,  George  James  Welbore  Agar,  Baron 
Dover,  1797-1833,  was  in  1832  elected  President  of  the 
Royal  Society  of  Literature.  1.  The  True  History  of  the 
State  Prisoner,  commonly  called  "  The  Iron  Mask,"  ex 
tracted  from  Documents  in  the  French  Archives,  Lon., 
1826,  8vo.  2.  Cat.  of  the  Principal  Pictures  in  Flanders 
and  Holland,  1822,  '26,  8vo.  Privately  printed.  3.  His 
torical  Inquiries  respecting  the  Character  of  Edward  Hyde, 
Earl  of  Clarendon,  1827,  cr.  8vo.  4.  The  Ellis  Corre 
spondence,  illustrative  of  the  Revolution  of  1688,  1828, 

2  vols.  8vo. 

"  This  collection  refers  to  times  in  the  account  of  which  the  very 
spirit  of  our  history  is  concentrated.  The  more  we  have  of  such 
works,  the  better  will  history  be  studied,  the  more  perfectly  will  it 
be  known." — Lon.  Month.  Rev. 

5.  Life  of  Fred,  the  Second,  K.  of  Prussia,  1831, 2  vols.  8vo. 
"  A  most  delightful  and  comprehensive  work, — judicious  in  se- 
lection,  intelligent  in  arrangement,  and  graceful  in  style."— Lon. 
Lit.  Gaz. 

Lord  Dover  also  edited  the  Letters  of  Horace  Walpole 
to  Sir  Horace  Mann,  and  left  in  MSS.,  written  for  the  in 
struction  of  his  son,  a  vol.  entitled  Lives  of  the  Most  Emi 
nent  Sovereigns  of  Modern  Europe,  the  4th  ed.  of  which 
was  pub.  in  1853,  12mo.  Lord  Dover  was  a  contributor  to 
the  Edinburgh  and  Lon.  Quarterly  Reviews  and  other 
periodicals. 

Ellis,  George  Viner,  of  University  Coll.,  London. 
Demonstrations  of  Anatomy ;  being  a  Guide  to  the  Dissec 
tion  of  the  Human  Body,  Lon.,  1841,  p.  8vo  ;  2d  ed.,  1848 ; 
3d  ed.,  1852;  4th  ed.,  1856,  p.  8vo. 

"  We  are  convinced  that  it  will  quickly  become  the  general  text 
book  of  every  working  student  in  anatomy." — Brit,  and  For.  Med 
Rev..  Jan.  1841. 

Ellis,  H.  The  Rhyme-Book,  Lon.,  1851,  r.  8vo.  One 
of  the  many  works  elicited  by  the  Great  Exhibition  in 
London  in  1851. 

Ellis,  Henry,  Governor  of  Georgia.  A  Voyage  to 
Hudson's  Bay  in  1746,  '47,  for  discovering  a  N.  West  Pass 
age,  Lon.,  1848,  8vo. 

"Some  important  facts  and  remarks  relating  to  Hudson's  Bay 
are  given  in  this  Voyage." — Stevenson's  Voyages  and  Travels. 

Considerations,  Ac.  rel.  to  the  N.  West  Passage,  1750,  4to. 
Dr.  Kale's  Ventilators,  Ac.;  Phil.  Trans.,  1751.  Heat  of 
the  Weather  in  Georgia;  ib.,  1758. 

Ellis,  Sir  Henry,  K.C.B.,  d.  1855.  Journal  of  the 
Proceedings  of  the  Late  Embassy  [Lord  Amherst's]  to 
China,  Lon.,  1817,  4to ;  1818,  2  vols.  Svo.  An  interest 
ing  and  valuable  work.  See  ABEL,  CLARK,  M.D. ;  Lon. 
Gent.  Mag.,  Dec.  1855. 

Ellis,  Sir  Henry,  K.H.,  b.  1777,  Principal  Librarian 
of  the  British  Museum  1827-56,  and  Librarian  since 
1805.  1.  Hist,  and  Antiq.  of  the  Parish  of  St.  Leonard 
Shoreditch,  and  Liberty  of  Norton  Falgate,  in  the  Suburbs 
of  London,  Lon.,  1798,  4to.  2.  The  New  Channel  of  Eng 
land  and  France,  by  Robert  Fabian ;  from  Pynson's  ed.  of 
1516,  collated  with  subsequent  eds.,  &c.  and  including  the 
Different  Continuations ;  with  a  Biographical  Preface,  1811, 
r.  4to.  3.  The  Channels  of  John  Hardyng ;  with  a  Con 
tinuation  by  Richard  Grafton.  To  which  are  added  a 
Preface  and  Introduction,  1812,  4to.  4.  Brand's  Popular 
Antiquities,  revised,  with  various  Addits.,  1813, 2  vols.  4to  ; 
new  ed.,  1842,  3  vols.  12mo;  1849,  3  vols.  12mo.  An  in 
teresting  and  valuable  work,  the  foundation  of  which  was 
Henry  Bourne's  Antiquitates  Vulgares,  first  pub.  1725,  8vo. 
5.  Original  Letters  illustrative  of  English  History,  from 
Autographs  in  the  British  Museum  and  one  or  two  other 
collections,  with  Notes  and  Illustrations.  1st  series,  1824, 

3  vols.  p.  Svo;  2d  series,  1827,  4  vols.  p.  Svo;  3d  series, 
1846,  4  vols.  p.  Svo;  new  ed.,  1848. 

"We  rise  from  the  study  of  these  very  interesting  volumes  with 
renewed  gratitude  to  the  learned  editor." — Edin.  Review. 

"We  have  now  but  to  say  that  we  are  delighted  with  these 
volumes,  and  to  recommend  them  altogether  as  deserving  of  the 
utmost  public  favour — for  entertaining  narrative — for  the  correct 
ness  of  long-received  historical  theories;  for  the  development  of 
famous  characters ;  for  the  discovery  of  new  and  important  facts ; 
and,  in  short,  for  every  thing  that  renders  such  a  collection  inte 
resting  in  a  country  that  is  keenly  alive  to  the  value  of  such  re 
searches."— £on.  Lit.  Gaz. 

To  these  vols.  should  be  added  Letters  of  the  Kings  of 
England,  (Rich.  I.  to  the  end  of  Chas.  I.,)  now  first  pub., 
with  Notes,  Ac.,  by  J.  0.  Halliwell,  1846,  2  vols.  p.  Svo; 
and  Letters  of  Royal  and  Illustrious  Ladies  of  Great  Bri- 


ELL 

tain,  now  first  pub.,  with  Notes,  Ac.,  by  Mrs.  Wood,  1846, 
3  vols.  p.  Svo. 

6.  Elgin  and  Phigalean  Marbles  of  the  Classic  Ages, 
1847,  2  vols.  12rno.  7.  Townley  Gallery  of  Classic  Sculp 
ture,  1847,  2  vols.  12mo.  To  Sir  Henry  we  are  likewise 
indebted  for  his  labours  in  the  preparation  of  the  new  edi 
tion  of  Dugdale's  Monasticon  Anglicanum,  and  the  History 
of  St.  Paul's  Cathedral,  the  compilation  (in  conjunction 
with  Mr.  Baber)  of  the  Catalogue  of  the  Printed  Books  in 
the  British  Museum,  and  contributions  to  Dibdin's  Biblio 
mania,  the  Archaeologia,  and  other  valuable  records  of  the 
literature  of  the  past  ages?  See  Nichols's  Illust.  Lit.  Hist., 
viii.,  Indexes,  1858  ;  Lon.  Gent.  Mag.,  March,  1856,  275. 

Ellis,  Humphrey.  Two  Serms.,  Lon.,  1647,  4to. 
Psevdo-Christus;  or  the  impostures  of  Fornkelin,  Ac., 
1650,  4to. 

Ellis,  J.     Abridgt.  of  Murray's  Grammar,  Lon. 

Ellis,  James.  Law  Suits  relative  to  Property  devoted 
to  Pious  Uses  in  Rehoboth,  Warren,  1795,  12mo. 

Ellis,  or  Elis,  John,  Rector  of  St.  Mary's,  Dolgelly, 
Merionethshire,  d.  1665.  Comment,  in  Obadiam,  Lon.,  1641, 
Svo.  Clavis  Fidei,  Oxon.,  1642,  '43,  Svo.  Articulorum 
xxxix.  Ecclesiae  Anglicanae  defensio,  Amst.,  1696,  12mo. 

Ellis,  John,  Jr.  Serm.,  Lon.,  1643,  4to.  Vindiciae 
Catholicse,  1647, 4to.  Infant  Baptism,  1659,  Svo.  Retrac 
tions  and  Repentings,  1662. 

Ellis,  John.     Collectors  of  Excise,  1736,  Svo. 

Ellis,  John,  D.D.,  Vicar  of  St.  Catherine's,  Dublin. 
The  Knowledge  of  Divine  Things  from  Revelation,  not 
from  Reason  or  Nature,  Lon.,  1743,  Svo;  1747,  '71;  new 
ed.,  1811,  Svo. 

"  A  valuable  Treatise,  with  much  new  and  original  thinking." — 
Bickersteth's  C.  S. 

"No  divine  (Bishop  Butler,  perhaps,  only  excepted)  appears  to 
have  possessed  greater  maturity  of  thought,  and  a  richer  vein  of 
original  conception." — Lotvndes's  Brit.  Lib. 

An  Inquiry  whence  conieth  Knowledge  and  Understand 
ing  to  Man,  1757,  Svo.  Appended  to  last  ed.  of  above  work. 
To  the  Knowledge  of  Divine  Things  was  subsequently 
added  Some  Considerations  upon  Mr.  Locke's  Hypothesis, 
That  the  Knowledge  of  God  is  attainable  by  ideas  of  re 
flection. 

Ellis,  John,  169S-1791,  a  literary  money-scrivener, 
memorable  as  the  subject  of  great  partiality  upon  the  part 
of  Dr.  Johnson,  Dr.  King,  and  Lord  Orrery,  was  fond  of 
translating  Latin  into  English  verses,  and  perpetrating 
poetical  squibs  and  epigrams.  The  South  Sea  Dream ;  a 
Poem  in  Hudibrastic  Verse,  1720.  A  trans,  from  the  Latin 
of  The  Surprise;  or,  the  Gentleman  turned  Apothecary, 
Lon.,  1739,  12mo.  Written  originally  in  French  prose. 
Marston  Moor;  sive  de  obsidione  praelioque  Eboracensi 
Carmen,  Lib.  vi.,  1750,  4to.  His  Travesty  of  Maphseus 
appeared  under  the  following  title  : 

"  The  Canto  added  by  Maphseus 
To  Virgil's  twelve  books  of  JEneas; 
From  the  original  bombastic, 
Done  in  English  Hudibrastic, 
With  notes  beneath,  and  Latin  text 
In  every  other  page  annexed." — 1758. 

Ellis  always  pub.  anonymously.  He  contributed  some 
of  the  poems  in  Dodsley's  collection. 

"  It  is  wonderful,  sir,  what  is  to  be  found  in  London.  The  most 
literary  conversation  that  I  ever  enjoyed  was  at  the  table  of  Jack 
Ellis,  a  money-scrivener,  behind  the  Royal  Exchange,  with  whom 
at  one  period  I  used  to  dfne  generally  once  a  week."— Dr.  Johnson's 
remark  to  Boswett. 

"  I  visited  him  [Ellis]  in  his  ninety-third  year,  and  found  his  judg 
ment  distinct  and  clear,  and  his  memory,  though  faded  so  as  to  fail 
him  occasionally,  yet,  as  he  assured  me,  and  I  indeed  perceived, 
able  to  serve  him  very  well,  after  a  little  recollection." — BOSWELL. 

Ellis,  John,  b.  about  1710,  d.  1776,  an  eminent  natu 
ralist.  An  Essay  towards  a  Natural  History  of  the  Coral 
lines,  Ac.,  Lon.,  1755,  4to.  Hist.  Account  of  Coffee,  1774, 
4to.  Mongostan  and  Bread  Fruit,  1775,  4to.  Treatise  on 
Cattle,  1776,  Svo.  Nat.  Hist,  of  Zoophytes,  1786,  4to.  For 
other  publications  of  Ellis,  and  his  contributions  to  Phil. 
Trans.,  1752-76,  see  Watt's  Bibl.  Brit. 

Ellis,  Robert  Leslie,  in  conjunction  with  James 
Spedding  and  Douglas  Denon  Heath,  commenced  in  1855 
the  preparation  of  a  new  and  complete  edition  of  the  Works 
of  Francis  Bacon.  The  First  Division— the  Philosophical 
Works — has  been  pub.  in  5  large  Svo  vols. :  i.-iii.,  1857  ; 
iv.,  v.,  1858,  £4  10».  See  SPEDDING,  JAMES. 

Ellis,  Philip.  Serms.  in  the  "Catholick  Sermons," 
2  vols.  Svo. 

Ellis,  Sir  Richard.    See  ELLYS. 

Ellis,  Robert.     Laws  of  Customs,  Lon.,  1826,  Svo. 

Ellis,  Mrs.  Sarah  Stickney,  formerly  Miss  Stick- 
ney,  is  one  of  the  most  voluminous  and  popular  writers 
of  the  day.  Her  Poetry  of  Life  had  given  her  considerable 


ELL 

celebrity  before  her  marriage,  in  1837,  to  the  Rev.  William 
Ellis,  the  well-known  and  highly-respected  missionary  to 
the  South  Sea  Islands.  The  works  of  Mrs.  Ellis  are  so 
numerous  that  we  can  promise,  in  the  brief  limits  to  which 
we  are  confined,  to  give  little  more  than  the  titles  of  her 
excellent  productions.  1.  The  Poetry  of  Life,  2  vols.  p. 
8vo.  2.  Conversations  on  Human  Nature,  12mo.  3.  Home, 
or,  The  Iron  Rule,  3  vols.  p.  8vo.  4.  Women  of  England, 
1838,  p.  Svo;  1846.  5.  Sons  of  the  Soil;  a  Poem,  2d  ed., 
1840,  p.  Svo.  6.  The  Daughters  of  England,  1842,  p.  8vo  ; 
1846.  7.  The  Wives  of  England,  1843,  p.  Svo;  1846. 
8  The  Mothers  of  England,  1843,  cr.  Svo;  1848.  9.  Fa. 
mily  Secrets,  1841-43,  3  vols.  Svo;  1846.  10.  Summer 
and  Winter  in  the  Pyrenees,  1841,  p.  Svo ;  1847.  11.  Voice 
from  the  Vintage,  1843,  fp.  8vo.  12.  Pictures  of  Private 
Life,  1844,  3  vols.  fp.  Svo.  13.  Young  Ladies'  Reader, 
1845.  fp.  Svo.  14.  Look  to  the  End,  or  the  Bennetts  Abroad, 
1845^  2  vols.  p.  8vo.  15.  The  Island  Queen ;  a  Poem,  1846, 
p.  Svo.  16.  Temper  and  Temperament,  1846,  2  vols.  Svo. 

17.  Prevention   better   than    Cure,    1847,   p.   Svo;    1848. 

18.  Rawdon  House;  Hints  on  Formation  of  Character, 
1848,  p.  Svo.     19.  Fireside  Tales.     New  ed.,  1848,  '49,  4 
vols.  p.  Svo.    20.  Social  Distinction ;  or,  Hearts  and  Homes, 
1848,  '49,  3  vols.  Svo.     21.  My  Brother;  or,  The  Man  of 
Many  Friends.     New  ed.  of  Mrs.  Ellis's  Works,  1853,  &c. 

With  the  many  well-deserved  encomiums  before  us  upon 
Mrs.  Ellis's  instructive  volumes,  we  cannot  but  regret  that 
we  can  find  room  for  only  a  few. 
Notice    of  The  Wives  of  England : 

"  It  is  a  comfort  to  think  that  in  all  things  we  are  not  retrograd 
ing.  The  talents  which  made  Hannah  More  and  Madame  D'Arblay 
the  idols  of  the  literary  world  in  their  generation,  would  now  se 
cure  them  but  a  slender  share  of  homage.  The  cultivation  of  the 
female  mind  has  certainly  advanced;  and  we  greatly  doubt  if  any 
•woman  of  the  last  century  could  have  written  The  Wives  of  Eng 
land." — British  Magazine. 

Notice  of  The  Daughters  of  England : 
"  An  admirable  work,  full  of  truthful  eloquence,  that  does  Mrs. 
Ellis  infinite  honour,  and  will  be  productive  of  great  eventual 
good.  Education,  taste,  beauty,  fashion,  and  the  affections,  form 
themes  on  which  Mrs.  Ellis  enlarges  with  great  earnestness." — 
Court  Journal. 

Notices  of  The  Women  of  England: 

"  We  know  no  volume  better  calculated  to  exercise  a  powerful, 
lasting,  and  beneficial  influence.  If  we  could  have  our  own  way, 
every  lamily  should  order  a  copy  of  The  Women  of  England.  Hus 
bands,  especially  young  Husbands,  should  buy  it  for  their  Wives ; 
Fathers,  for  their  Daughters;  Brothers,  for  their  Sisters."— Lon. 
Methodist  Mag. 

"  At  a  time  when  women  are  becoming  anxious  to  shine  in  other 
spheres  than  that  humble  but  holiest  of  all — home,  to  inculcate 
the  truth  that  the  paramount  and  peculiar  duties  of  woman  con 
sist  in  ministering  to  the  wants,  comforts,  and  happiness  of  her 
fellow-creatures,  especially  those  of  her  own  family  circle,  is  a  salu 
tary  task;  this  Mrs.  Ellis  has  accomplished  in  a  way  to  bring  con 
viction  to  the  minds  of  mothers  and  daughters — the  teachers  and 
the  taught." — Lon.  Spectator. 

Notices  of  The  Mothers  of  England: 
"This  is  an  appropriate  and  very  valuable  conclusion  to  the 
series  of  works  on  the  subject  of  female  duties  by  which  Mrs.  Ellis 
has  pleased,  and  we  doubt  not  profited,  thousands  of  readers.  Her 
counsels  command  attention,  not  only  by  their  practical  sagacious 
usefulness,  but  also  by  the  meek  and  modest  spirit  in  which  they 
are  communicated. 

Notice  of  Pretension;  series  3d  of  Pictures  of  Private 

Life: 

"  The  aim  of  the  writer  is  evidently  to  instruct  as  well  as  amuse, 
by  offering  these  admirable  sketches  as  beacons  to  warn  the  young, 
especially  of  her  own  sex,  against  the  errors  which  have  shipwrecked 
the  happiness  of  so  many." — Lon.  Gentleman's  Magazine. 

Notice  of  Look  to  the  End : 

"  In  the  present  work  her  lessons  are  more  descriptive  and  va 
rious,  and  consequently  it  possesses  more  elements  for  popularity 
than  its  predecessors,  popular  as  they  have  been  and  are."— ion 
Literary  Gazette.. 

What  higher  praise  could  any  author  covet  than  the  fol 
lowing  commendations  from  eminent  authorities? 

"  We  can  conscientiously  aver,  that  no  works  within  our  know 
ledge  are  equally  calculated  to  interest  by  their  cheerful,  pleasanl 
composition,  and  to  instruct  by  their  sagacious,  honest  counsels, 
those  for  whom  they  are  designed.  To  '  write  no  line  which  dying 
one  would  wish  to  blot,'  when  addressing  one's  self  to  subjects  so 
full  of  all  that  is  delicate  in  human  motives  and  all  that  is  power 
ful  in  human  influence,  is  a  display  of  honesty  and  courage,  as 
well  as  wisdom  and  morality,  which  should  be  appreciated  and 
honoured :  this  is  what  Mrs.  Ellis  has  done." — Lon.  Eclectic  Review. 

"  Mrs.  Ellis  has  always  one  end  in  view — the  moral  improvement 
and  edification  of  her  fellow-creatures ;  more  particularly  of  her 
own  sex." — Lon.  Literary  Gazette. 

Ellis,  T.  F.,  and  Adolphus,  J.  S.  Reports  of  Cases 
in  Ct.  of  King's  Bench.  See  BARNEWALL,  R.  V. 

Ellis,  Thomas.  A  true  Report  of  Mr.  Martin  Fro- 
bisher's  3d  and  last  Voyage ;  by  T.  E.,  a  sailor,  and  one 
of  the  company,  Lon.,  1578,  4to. 

Ellis,  Thomas.     Traytors  Unvailed,  1661,  4to. 
Ellis,  Thomas.     Gardener's  P.  Calendar,  Lon.,  1776. 

554 


ELL 

Ellis,  W.     Voyage  of  Cook  and  Clarke,  1776-80,  with 

heir  discoveries,  and  death  of  Cook,  Lon.,  1782,  2  vols.  Svo. 

Ellis,  Wm.    1.  Practical  Farmer,  Lon.,  1732,  Svo.     2. 

Chiltern  and  Vale  Farming  Explained,  1733,  Svo.     3.  New 

~xperiments  in  Husbandry,  1736,  2  vols.  8vo.     4.  Timber 

Tree   Improved,    1738,    8vo.      5.   Modern   Husbandman, 

744,  Svo.     6.  Country  Housewife's  Family  Companion, 

.750,  Svo.     7.  Complete  Planter  and  Cyderist,  1757,  8vo. 

.  A  Complete  System  of  Experienced  Improvements  made 

n  sheep,  grass  lambs,  and  house  lambs,  <fec.     This  title 

we  take  from  Donaldson.     He  discovered  the  book  in  the 

ibrary  of  Geo.  IV.,  Brit.  Museum.     9.  Ellis's  Husbandry 

abridged  and  methodized,  1772,  2  vols.  Svo :  A  sort  of  com- 

)ound  of  the  whole  of  Ellis's  works  on  Agriculture.     See 

critical  review  of  Ellis's  works  in  Donaldson's  Agricult. 

Biog. 

"  Ellis  was  not  the  author  of  any  originality  on  the  subject  of 
agriculture,  nor  did  he  write  any  conception  that  merited  that 
appellation.  But  he  was  a  large  promoter  of  the  art  both  by  pre 
cept  and  example,  and  consequently  occupies  a  niche  of  no  low 
standing  in  the  temple  of  agricultural  iame." — Ubi  supra. 

Ellis,  Wm.  Every  Man  his  own  Farrier,  Lon.,  1759, 
Svo. 

Ellis,  Wm.     Cure  of  the  V.  Disease,  Lon.,  1771,  Svo. 
Ellis,  Wm.     Collec.  of  English  Exercises,  Lon.,  1782. 
Ellis,  Wm.     A  Treatise  on  Government,  trans,  from 
;he  Greek  of  Aristotle,  Lon.,  1779,  4to. 

Ellis,  Wm.  Campagna  of  London,  with  Hist,  and 
Topog.  of  the  Parishes,  and  Biog.  anecdotes,  Lon.,  1791- 
93,  4to. 

Ellis,  William,  b.  1800,  in  the  vicinity  of  London, 
an  eminent  writer  on  social  science.  1.  Outlines  of  Social 
Economy.  2.  Introduction  to  the  Study  of  the  Social 
Sciences.  3.  Outlines  of  the  History  and  Formation  of  the 
Understanding.  4.  Questions  and  Answers  Suggested  by 
a  Consideration  of  Some  of  the  Arrangements  of  Social 
Life.  5.  Progressive  Lessons  in  Social  Science.  6.  Phe 
nomena  of  Industrial  Life  ;  edited  by  the  Dean  of  Here 
ford.  7.  Education  as  a  Means  of  Preventing  Destitu 
tion,  1851,  p.  Svo.  For  an  interesting  sketch  of  Mr.  Ellis's 
Labours  in  the  cause  of  social  science,  see  Knight's  Eng. 
Cyc. 

Ellis,  Rev.  Wm.,  an  eminent  missionary  to  the  South 
Sea  Islands,  and  the  husband  of  MRS.  SARAH  STICKNEY 
ELLIS,  (v.  ante.)  1.  Missionary  Narrative  of  a  Tour  through 
Hawaii  or  Owhyhee,  Lon.,  1826,  Svo.;  4th  ed.  1827,  Svo. 
"  Mr.  Ellis  has  given  us  a  plain,  intelligent,  and  uncommonly 
interesting  detail.  He  describes  well,  because  distinctly  and  un 
affectedly.  We  cannot  recollect  that  we  have  been  more  entirely 
rivetted  by  the  perusal  of  a  book  of  Travels  since  we  read  Dr. 
Henderson's  Iceland."— ion.  Eclectic  Review. 

2.  Polynesian  Researches,  1829,  2  vols.  Svo. ;  last  ed., 
1853,  4  vols.  12mo. 

"  A  more  interesting  book  than  this,  in  all  its  parts,  we  have 
never  perused,  and  seldom  so  immethodical  a  one." — ROBERT 
SOUTHEY,  in  Lon.  Quar.  Rev.  xliii.  1, 1830.  Eead  this  interesting 
review. 

"  The  simplicity  of  the  narrative,— the  graphic  beauty  of  many 
of  the  descriptions,— and  the  moral  grandeur  of  the  whole  subject 
of  these  volumes,  are  calculated  to  produce  the  most  powerful  and 
salutary  impression  on  every  religious  and  cultivated  mind." — 
Orme's  Discourse  on  the  South  Sea  Mission. 

3.  A  Vindication  of  the  South  Sea  Missions  from  the 
Misrepresentations  of  Otto  Von  Kotzebue,  with  an  Appen 
dix  by  Wm.  Ellis,  1831,  Svo.     4.  History  of  Madagascar, 
1838,  2  vols.  Svo. 

"  Here  is  a  work  as  copious,  as  comprehensive,  as  minute,  and, 
as  far  as  we  can  judge,  as  accurate,  as  it  would  be  possible  to  pro 
duce." — Lon.  Eclectic  Review. 

5.  History  of  the  London  Missionary  Society,  vol.  i.,  1844, 
Svo.  6.  Village  Lectures  on  Popery,  1851,  fp.  Svo. 

"  Remarkable  for  their  simple  and  explanatory  character.  .  .  . 
We  commend  them  to  readers  of  every  grade." — Lon.  Eclec.  Rev. 

To  Mr.  Ellis  we  are  also  indebted  for  an  improved  ed. 
of  Stewart's  Visit  to  the  South  Seas,  and  for  an  Intro 
ductory  Essay  on  the  Policy,  Religion,  &c.  of  China,  pre 
fixed  to  GutzlafiTs  Journal  of  Three  Voyages  along  the 
Coast  of  China,  3d  ed.,  1839,  p.  Svo. 

Ellis,  Sir  Wm.  C.,  M.D.,  Resident  Medical  Superin 
tendent,  and  formerly  of  the  Asylum  at  Wakefiekl.  Let 
ter  to  T.  Thompson,  M.P.,  on  the  necessity  for  Insane 
Asylums,  Lon.,  1815,  Svo.  A  Treatise  on  the  Nature, 
Symptoms,  Causes,  and  Treatment  of  Insanity,  with  Practi 
cal  Observations  on  Lunatic  Asylums,  and  a  descrip.  of 
the  Hanwell  Asylum,  Lon.,  1838,  Svo. 

"  The  present  volume,  coming  from  the  pen  of  one  whose  repu 
tation  in  this  department  stands  so  high,  will  most  probably  be 
sought  for  with  avidity.  It  abounds  in  a  great  variety  of  valu 
able  information,  with  many  particulars  of  great  importance  to 
the  treatment  of  insanity,  and  to  the  interests  of  society.  We  ac 
cordingly  recommend  it  to  public  attention." — Lon.  A/Jienceum. 

"In  this  unpretending  volume  will  be  found  a  vast  deal  of 


ELL 


ELP 


highly  important  and  useful  practical  information." — Lon.  Med. 
Chir.  JXcv.,  July,  1838. 

Ellison,  Cuthbert.     Serm.,  1748,  8vo. 

Ellison,  John.     Serm.,  Newc.,  1750,  4to. 

Ellison,  Nath.,  D.D.,  Archdeacon  of  Stafford.  Serm., 
1699,  4to;  1700,  8vo;  1710. 

Ellison,  Nath.,  Vicar  of  Bolam.  Serm.,  1792,  4to. 

Ellison,  R.     Serm.,  1811. 

Ellison,  Seacome.  1.  Prison  Scenes,  Lon.,  1838, 
p.  8vo.  2.  Baptism,  1835,  8vo;  2d  ed.,  1846.  3.  The 
Millennium,  1850,  12mo. 

Elliston,  Robert  Wm.,  1774-1831,  a  celebrated 
English  actor.  The  Venetian  Outlaw,  a  Drama  adapted 
to  the  English  Stage,  1805,  8vo.  See  Raymond's  Memoirs 
of  R.  W.  Elliston,  by  G.  Raymond,  Lon.,  1846,  2  vols.  8vo. 

"  Magnificent  were  thy  capriccios  on  this  globe  of  earth,  Robert 
William  Elliston!"— CHARLES  LAMB. 

Ellowis,  or  Elwes,  Sir  Gervase.  His  Speech  and 
Repentance  at  his  Execution,  Lon.,  1615,  4to. 

Ellsworth,  Erastus  W.,  b.  1823,  Conn.  Poems, 
Hartford,  1855. 

"  We  have  rarely  met  so  unequal  a  collection  of  poems :  none, 
indeed,  rising  to  the  highest  rank,  and  many  sinking  quite  below 
notice." — Putnam's  JV.  York  Mag. 

Ellsworth,  Henry  Wm.  1.  Report  on  Agriculture, 
N.  York.  2.  Sketches  of  the  Upper  Wabash  Valley,  1838, 
12mo.  3.  American  Swine  Breeder,  1844,  12mo. 

Ellsworth,  Oliver,  LL.D.,  Chief  Justice  of  the  U. 
States,  1745-1807,  was  a  native  of  Windsor,  Conn.  Speech 
in  the  Convention  of  Connecticut  in  favour  of  the  Consti 
tution,  pub.  in  the  American  Museum. 

Ellwood,  Thomas,  1639-1713,  the  friend  of  Milton, 
and  a  zealous  Quaker,  was  a  native  of  Oxfordshire.  1.  For 
gery  no  Christianity,  1674,  12mo.  2.  The  Foundation  of 
Tithes  Shaken,  1682;  1720,  8vo.  3.  Wickham,  1690,  4to. 
4.  Sacred  History;  historical  part  of  the  Old  and  New 
Test,  digested,  <fcc.,  1705-09;  1794,  2  vols.  fol.  5.  Davideis, 
a  Sacred  Poem,  1712, 12mo.  6.  His  Autobiography,  with 
a  Supp.  by  J.  W.,  1714,  8vo;  1791,  12mo.  As  reader  to 
Milton,  Ellwood  enjoyed  rare  opportunities  of  conversing 
with  the  great  bard.  After  perusing  the  MS.  of  Paradise 
Lost,  he  returned  it  to  the  author  with  the  remark: 

"Thou  hast  said  much  here  of  Paradise  Lost,  but  what  hast 
thou  to  say  to  Paradise  found?" 

To  this  timely  hint  the  world  is  indebted  for  Paradise 
Regained.  An  interesting  review,  with  copious  extracts, 
of  Ellwood's  Autobiography,  will  be  found  in  the  London 
Retrospec.  Rev.,  xiii.  109.  Ellwood  was  a  man  of  the 
most  exemplary  character. 

Ellyot,  George.  A  verie  true  Report  of  the  Appre 
hension  and  taking  of  that  Arche  Papiste  Edniond  Cam 
pion,  Lon.,  1581,  8vo. 

Ellys,  Anthony,  1693-1761,  Preb.of  Gloucester,  1725; 
Bishop  of  St.  David's,  1752.  Plea  for  the  Sacramental 
Test,  Lon.,  1736,  4to;  1790,  8vo.  Serms.  pub.  separately, 
1749,  '54,  '58,  '59,  '67.  Remarks  on  David  Hume's  Essay 
on  Miracles,  1752,  4to.  Tracts  on  the  Spiritual  and  Tem 
poral  Liberty  of  the  subjects  in  England,  1763-65,  4to; 
new  ed.,  1767,  4to. 

Ellys,  or  Ellis,  Sir  Richard,  d.  1742,  M.P.,1715-34, 
grandson  of  Hampden,  was  eminent  for  his  knowledge  of 
Hebrew,  Greek,  and  Biblical  antiquities.  Fortuita  Sacra, 
quibus  subjicitur  commentarius  de  Cymbalis;  Rotterd., 
1727,  8vo,  anon. 

"  It  contains  illustrations  of  twenty-four  passages  of  Scripture, 
which  incidentally  occurred  to  the  author,  and  which  discover 
very  considerable  critical  talents  and  great  acquaintance  with  the 
languages  of  the  Bible."—  Orme's  Bibl.  Bib. 

Ellys,  Tobias.  The  Kingdom  of  God,  Lon.,1678, 8vo. 

E  Hyson,  Thomas.  The  Shepherd's  Letters,  Lon.. 
1646,  4to.  ' 

Elmer,  J.     Weights  and  Measures,  Lon.,  1759. 

Elmer,  Joseph.  Practice  in  Lunacy,  Lon.,  1844, 12mo. 

Elmer,  L.  Q.  C.  A  Digest  of  the  Laws  of  New  Jer 
sey,  Bridgeton,  1838,  8vo. 

Elmes,  James,  Architect,  b.  1782.  1.  New  Churches, 
1818,  8vo.  2.  Memoirs  of  the  Life  and  Works  of  Sir  Chris 
topher  Wren,  Lon.,  1823,  4to.  3.  Improvements  of  Prisons. 
4.  Lectures  on  Architecture,  1823,  8vo.  5.  School  of  the 
Fine  Arts,  1825,  3  vols.  8vo.  6.  Genl.  and  Bibliog.  Diet, 
of  the  Fine  Arts,  1826,  8vo.  8.  Ecclesiastical  and  Civil 
Dilapidations,  Ac.,  3d  ed.,  1829,  8vo.  7.  Architectural 
Jurisprudence,  1827,  8vo. 

Elmham,  Thomas  de.  Vitaet  Gesta  Henrici  Quinti 
Anglorum  Regis;  cum  Prefatione  et  Notis  Th.  Hearne, 
Oxon.,  1727,  8vo. 

Elmore,  H.  M.  Brit.  Mariner's  Directory  and  Guide 
to  the  Indian  and  China  Seas,  Lon.,  1802,  4to. 

Elmsley,  Peter,  D.D.,  1773-1825,  educated  at  West- 


1  minster  and  Merton  Coll.,  Oxf. ;  Principal  of  Alban  Hall 
and  Camden;  Professor  of  History,  1823.  Elmsley  was 
one  of  the  first  Greek  scholars  of  his  time.  1.  Articles  in 
the  Edinburgh  Review,  viz.:  No.  4,  On  Heyne's  Homer; 
No.  5,  On  Schweighauser's  Athenseus;  No.  35,  On  Bloin- 
field's  Prometheus;  No.  37,  On  Person's  Hecuba.  2.  Ar 
ticle  in  the  38th  No.  of  the  Quarterly  Review,  on  Lord 
Clarendon's  Religion  and  Policy.  3.  The  Acharnenses, 
1809.  4.  (Edipus  Tyrannus,  1811.  5.  Heraclidae,  1815. 

6.  Medea,  1818.     7.  Bacchse,  1821.     8.  03dipus  Coloneus, 
1823. 

"These  publications  established  his  lame  throughout  Europe  as 
a  judicious  critic  and  consummate  master  of  the  Greek  language." 
—See  Obituary  Notice  in  Lon.  Gent.  Mag.,  April,  1825. 

Robert  Southey  was  warmly  attached  to  Dr.  Elmsley, 
and  had  a  high  opinion  of  his  attainments  : 

"  The  Edinburgh  Reviewers  I  like  well  as  companions,  and  think 
little  of  as  any  thing  else.  Elmsley  has  more  knowledge  and  a 
rounder  mind  than  any  or  all  of  them.  I  could  learn  more  from 
him  in  a  day  than  they  could  all  teach  me  in  a  year.  .  .  .  Elms- 
ley,  I  am  sorry  to  say,  is  fetter  than  ever  he  was :  he  is  one  of  my 
most  intimate  and  valuable  friends.  .  .  .  Do  you  remember  Elms- 
ley  at  Oxford — the  fattest  under-graduate  in  your  time  and  mine? 
He  is  at  Naples,  superintending  the  unrolling  the  Herculaneum 
manuscripts,  by  Davy's  process,  at  the  expense  of  the  Prince  Re 
gent — I  should  say  of  George  IV.  The  intention  is,  that  Elmsley 
shall  ascertain,  as  soon  as  a  beginning  is  made  of  one  of  the  rolls, 
whether  it  shall  be  proceeded  with  or  laid  aside,  in  hope  of  finding 
something  better,  till  the  whole  have  been  inspected."  See  Sou- 
they's  Life  and  Correspondence. 

Elphinston,  Lord  Balmerino.  His  Speech  in  Ct. 
of  Parl.,  Scotland,  rel.  to  army  ag.  Irish  Papists,  1641. 

Elphinston,James,1721-1809,anativeof  Edinburgh, 
was  for  many  years  the  head  of  a  celebrated  school  at  Ken 
sington,  near  London.  Dr.  Johnson  esteemed  him  highly, 
and  during  his  residence  at  Edinburgh  he  superintended 
an  edit,  of  The  Rambler,  pub.  in  8  vols.  12mo.  1.  A  Poet. 
Version  of  Racine's  Redemption,  1753.  2.  Fr.  and  Eng. 
Languages,  1756,  2  vols.  12mo.  3.  Education;  a  Poem, 
1763,  8vo.  4.  Apology  for  the  Monthly  Review,  1763,  8vo. 
5.  Collec.  of  Poems  for  Youth,  <fcc.,  1764,  8vo.  6.  Eng. 
Language,  1765,  2  vols.  12mo.  Abridged,  1765,  8vo. 

7.  Verses,  1768,  fol.     8.  Poetae   Sententiosi,  Latini,  «tc., 
1794, 12mo.   Elphinston  was  a  zealous  advocate  of  a  change 
in  orthography,  which  he  contended  should  be  guided  by 
the  pronunciation,  <fcc.     He  had  already  given  some  speci 
mens  of  his  "improvements,"  but  in  a  (9)  trans,  of  Mar 
tial,  1782,  4to,  he  carried  the  system  out  to  a  greater  extent : 

"  Elphinston's  Martial  is  just  come  to  hand.  It  is  truly  an  unique. 
The  specimens  formerly  published  did  very  well  to  laugh  at;  but 
a  whole  quarto  of  nonsense  and  gibberish  is  too  much.  It  is 
strange  that  a  man  not  wholly  illiterate  should  have  lived  so  long 
in  England,  without  learning  the  language." — Dr.  Seattle  to  Sir 
Wm.  Forbes. 

Nothing  dismayed  by  public  ingratitude,  in  1786,  2  vols. 
8vo,  Elphinston  gave  to  the  world  an  explanation  of  his 
system,  under  the  title  of  (10)  Propriety  ascertained  in  her 
Picture.  This  he  followed  by  (11)  English  Orthography 
Epitomized,  (12)  Proprietie's  Pocket  Dictionary,  and  (13) 
Fifty  Years'  Correspondence,  Inglish,  French,  and  Lattin, 
in  Proze  and  Verse,  between  Geniusses  ov  boath  Sexes, 
and  James  Elphinston,  1794,  8  vols.  12ino.  An  interest 
ing  memoir  of  this  worthy  man  will  be  found  in  Nichols's 
Literary  Anecdotes,  from  the  pen  of  one  already  honour 
ably  noticed  in  these  pages.  Mr.  Nichols  tells  us — 

"  My  account  of  this  singular  but  truly  worthy  man  shall  be 
abridged  from  a  memoir  of  him,  which  was  presented  to  me  in 
1809  by  R.  C.  Dallas,  Esq.,  one  of  his  grateful  pupils."— Lit.  Anec., 
iii.  30. 

"  From  Mr.  Dallas's  situation  as  a  pupil  of  Mr.  Elphinston's,  he 
had  the  honour  of  being  presented  to  Dr.  Jortin,  Dr.  Franklin,  of 
Philadelphia,  and  Dr.  Johnson ;  a  triumvirate  not  easily  matched." 
— Ubi  supra. 

See  also  Forbes's  Life  of  Beattie,  and  Boswell's  Life  of 
Dr.  Johnson. 

Elphinston,  James.  Animadversions  upon  Ele 
ments  of  Criticism;  with  an  A  pp.  on  Scotticisms,  Lon., 
1771,  8vo. 

Elphinston,  Wm.,  b.  1431  or  1437,  d.  1514,  Bishop 
of  Ross,  trans,  to  Aberdeen,  1484,  wrote  a  book  of  canons, 
some  lives  of  Scotch  saints,  and  the  history  of  Scotland 
from  the  rise  of  the  nation  to  his  own  time.  The  last  is 
now  in  the  Fairfax  MSS.  in  the  Bodleian  Library. 

Elphinstone,  Hon.  Mountstuart.  1.  An  Account 
of  the  Kingdom  of  Cabul,  and  its  dependencies  in  Tartary, 
Persia,  and  India,  Lon.,  1815,  4to;  2d  ed.,  1839,  2  vols. 
8vo ;  3d  ed.,  1842,  2  vols.  8vo. 

"  The  interest  and  value  of  this  work  arises  more  from  the  sub 
ject  of  it,  than  from  the  manner  in  which  ic  is  executed;  respect 
ing  such  countries,  however,  as  Cabul,  and  others  as  little  known 
and  remote,  we  are  glad  of  all  accessions  of  information."— Steven 
son's  Voyages  and  Travels. 

"  There  are  not  many  regions  of  the  Globe  of  which  the  history 


ELR 


ELT 


and  geography  are  less  known  than  those  of  the  country  which  is 
the  subject  of  Mr.  Elphinstone's  important  and  distinguished 
work." — Edin.  Review. 

"  The  Hon.  Mr.  Elphinstone's  Cabul  is  a  work  which  places  its 
author  in  the  first  rank  of  historians  and  travellers  in  the  East. 
.  .  .  Most  earnestly  do  I  recommend  the  hook  of  Mr.  Elphinstone 
to  every  library  of  any  pretension  to  a  Collection  of  Voyages  and 
Travels." — Dibdin's  Library  Companion. 

"This  work,  of  much  interest  on  many  accounts,  contains  the 
description  of  a  systematized  patriarchal  system,  which,  in  history 
at  least,  is  carried  out  by  division  and  subdivision,  from  the  king, 
through  a  variety  of  larger  and  lesser  divisions,  tribes,  and  clans, 
to  the  last  head  of  a  single  family,  such  as  probably  exists  nowhere 
else." — Lieber's  Essays  on  Property  and  Labour. 

2.  A  History  of  India:  the  Hindoo  and  Mohammedan 
Periods,  1841,  2  vols.  Svo;  2d  ed.,  1843;  3d  ed.,  1848,  8vo. 

"Mr.  Elphinstone's  work  will,  we  trust,  be  eminently  useful, 
and  tend  to  dispel  much  of  that  confusion,  prejudice,  and  apathy  j 
which  still  linger  in  the  minds  even  of  many  highly-educated  per 
sons  on  the  subject  of  Ancient  India." — Lon.  Quar.  Review. 

"  A  work  of  the  greatest  authority  and  learning ;  one  of  the 
latest  and  most  valuable  works  on  the  Eastern  Empire." — T!ie  late 
Sir  Robt.  Peel,  in  the  House  of  Commons. 

Ellington,  John  Battersby.  Confessions  in  Ely 
sium;  from  the  German  of  Wieland,  1803,  3  vols. 

Ellington,  Thomas,  D.D.,  d.  1835,  a  native  of  Ire 
land,  obtained  a  scholarship  in  the  University  of  Dublin, 
1778;  elected  Fellow,  1781 ;  first  Donellan  Lecturer,  1794; 
Profess,  of  Mathemat.,  1795;  Rector  of  Ardtree,  Tyrone, 
1806;  Provost  of  Trin.  Coll.,  Dublin,  1811;  Bishop  of 
Limerick,  1820;  trans,  to  Leighlin  and  Ferns,  1822. 
Serms.  at  the  Donellan  Lecture,  &c.,  Dubl.,  1796,  8vo. 
Reflec.  rel.  to  Dr.  Milner,  1809,  8vo.  The  Validity  of 
English  Ordination  Established,  1809,  8vo.  An  edit,  of 
Euclid,  with  Notes,  (new  ed.,  1847,  fp.  8vo,)  now  the  text 
book  in  the  Dublin  University,  and  an  edit,  of  Juvenal, 
with  Notes,  critical  and  explanatory. 

Elsam,  Richard.  Rural  Architecture,  1803,  4to. 
Designs  for  Peasant's  Cottages,  1816,  r.  4to. 

Elsdale,  Rev.  Samuel.  Death,  Judgment,  Heaven, 
and  Hell,  a  Poem;  with  Hymns  and  other  Poems,  1812, 
8vo;  3ded.,  1813. 

Else,  Miss  Anne.     Lays  of  Caruth  and  other  Poems. 

Else,  Joseph,  Surgeon.  Hydrocele,  <fcc.,  Lon.,  1770, 
8vo.  Con.  to  Med.  Obs.  and  Inq.,  1767.  Works,  with  App. 
by  G.  Vaux,  1782,  8vo. 

Else,  R.     Income  Act  explained,  1804. 

Elsley,  Rev.  J.,  Vicar  of  Burenston,  near  Bedale. 
Annotations  on  the  Four  Gospels,  Lon.,  1799,  2  vols.  8vo; 
2d  ed.,  with  Annotations  on  the  Acts,  1812,  3  vols.  8vo; 
3d  ed.,  1821,  3  vols.  8vo;  1824,  3  vols.  8vo;  6th  ed.,  1827, 
3  vols.  8vo ;  7th  ed.,  1838,  2  vols.  8vo ;  8th  ed.,  1841,  2  vols. 
8vo;  1844;  9th  ed.,  1844,  8vo.  This  excellent  work  was 
pub.  anonymously.  It  is  commended  by  Bishops  Lloyd, 
Van  Mildert,  Summer,  and  others. 

"  As  a  compilation,  it  is  a  very  respectable  work,  and  fitted  to  be 
useful  to  the  junior  students  of  the  New  Testament,  or  those  who 
cannot  purchase  many  critical  books." — Orme's  Bibl.  Bib. 

"Elsley  is  a  convenient  compendium  for  students." — Bicker- 
steWs  G.  S. 

"  Altogether  we  say  without  the  smallest  reserve,  we  never  saw 
a  book  more  admirably  adapted  for  the  use  of  students,  more  credit 
able  to  an  author's  sagacity,  diligence,  and  erudition,  or  more 
likely  to  make  the  investigation  of  the  New  Testament  easy  and 
agreeable." — British  Critic. 

In  1816,  2  vols.  8vo,  the  Rev.  James  Halle  pub.  Annota 
tions  on  the  Epistles,  being  a  Continuation  of  Mr.  Elsley's 
Annot.  on  the  Gospel  and  Acts. 

Elsly,  Wm.,  Preb.  of  York.     Serm.,  1732. 

Elslyot,  Thomas.  The  Lamb  taking  the  Wolf,  Lon., 
1652,  8vo.  The  True  Mariner  and  his  Pixis  Nautica,  1652, 
8vo. 

Elsmere,  Sloane,  D.D.,  Rector  of  Chelsea.  Serms., 
Lon.,  1767,  2  vols.  8vo.  Recommended  by  the  Rev.  Samuel 
Clapham. 

Elson,  Jane.  Romance  of  the  Castle,  1799,  2  vols. 
12mo.  The  Village  Romance;  a  Novel,  1802,  2  vols. 

Elstob.     Trip  to  Kilkenny,  Lon.,  1778,  12mo. 

Elstob,  Elizabeth,  sister  of  Wm.  Elstob,  1683-1756, 
was  celebrated  for  her  knowledge  of  the  Saxon  tongue. 
1.  An  English  Saxon  Homily  on  St.  George's  Day,  with  a 
modern  English  version  and  Notes,  and  an  Appendix.  The 
same  Homily  in  Latin  by  Wm.  Elstob,  Lon.,  1709,  8vo. 
New  ed.,  (part  of  the  Preface  omitted,)  1839,  8vo.  2.  Trans, 
of  Madame  Scudery's  Essay  on  Glory.  3.  The  Rudiments 
of  Grammar  for  the  English  Saxon  Tongue,  1715,  4to. 
4.  Saxon  Homilies,  Oxf.,  fol.  These  were  designed  as  a 
specimen  of  a  Saxon  Homilarium,  with  an  English  trans., 
notes,  <fec.  Some  testimonies  of  a  number  of  learned  men 
in  favour  of  this  project  were  pub.  by  Bowyer  in  1713. 
See  Nichols's  Lit.  Anecdotes;  Biog.  Brit.;  and  Harleian 
MSS.  Mrs.  Elstob  was  an  excellent  linguist 

556 


Elstob,  Wm.,  1673-1714,  a  native  of  Newcastle,  edu 
cated  at  Eton,  and  Catharine  Hall,  Camb.,  and  subsequently 
at  Queen's  Coll.,  Oxf.;  Fellow  of  University  Coll.,  1696; 
Rector  of  St.  Swithin,  and  St.  Mary  Bothaw,  London,  1702. 
Mr.  Elstob,  like  his  sister  Elizabeth,  was  deeply  versed  in 
Saxon  learning.  1.  A  trans,  into  Latin  of  the  Saxon 
Homily  of  Lupus,  with  Notes  by  Dr.  Hickes,  1701.  2.  Trans, 
into  English  of  Sir  John  Cheke's  Latin  version  of  Plutarch, 
printed  at  the  end  of  Strype's  Life  of  Cheke.  3.  An  edit, 
of  Aschain's  Latin  Letters,  Oxf.,  1703.  4.  An  Essay  on 
the  great  Affinity  and  mutual  Agreement  between  the  two 
professions  of  Law  and  Divinity,  with  a  Preface  by  Dr. 
Hickes,  Lon.,  8vo.  5.  Serm.,  1704,  4to.  6.  Serm.,  1704, 
4to.  7.  Homily  of  St.  Gregory's  Day,  1709,  8vo.  Saxon 
Laws,  with  great  additions,  and  a  new  Latin  version  by 
Somner,  &c.,  begun  by  Elstob,  and  completed  by  David 
Wilkins,  D.D.,  1721,  fol.  See  Nichols's  Lit.  Anecdotes 
and  Biog.  Brit. 

Elstob,  Wm.,  Rector  of  Sheldon.     Serm.,  1811,  4to. 

Elstobb,  W.  1.  Navigation  between  Clayhithe  and 
Denver  Sluice,  Camb.,  1779,  4to.  2.  Hist,  account  of  Bed 
ford  Level,  Ac.,  Lynn,  1793,  8vo.  3.  On  Rivers. 

Elston,  J.     Serm.,  1681,  4to. 

Elstrack,  R.  28  Portraits  of  the  Kings  and  Queens 
of  England.  Reprinted  in  Martin's  Chron.,  1631,  fol.,  <fcc. 
See  Bromley's  Engraved  British  Portraits,  1793,  4to. 

Elsum,  John.  1.  Epigram  upon  the  Paintings  of 
Eminent  Masters  by  J.  E.,  Lon.,  1700,  8vo.  Erroneously 
attributed  to  John  Evelyn.  2.  Art  of  Painting  after  the 
Italian  Manner,  1704,  8vo. 

Elsynge,  Henry,  1598-1654,  Clerk  of  the  House  of 
Commons.  1.  State  of  the  Kingdom ;  probably  not  his. 
2.  Passing  Bills  in  Parliament,  1656,  8vo.  3.  The  ancient 
Manner  and  Method  of  holding  Parliaments  in  England, 
Lon.,  1660,  '63,  '79,  Svo.  Best  ed.,  with  addits.  from  the 
author's  MS.,  1767,  12mo.  4.  Several  Treatises  of  Parlia 
ment,  1703,  12mo. 

"  Mr.  Henry  Elsynge,  late  clerk  of  the  Parliament,  was,  in  my 
judgment,  the  best  1  ever  knew  to  take  the  sense  of  the  House 
and  put  it  in  apt  terms.  He  was  an  excellent  scholar — had  the 
Italian,  French,  and  Latin  languages — a  very  honest  and  ingenious 
man,  and  fitter  for  a  much  better  employment  than  to  be  clerk  of 
Parliament.  ...  He  was  in  great  and  deserved  favour  of  the  House 
of  Commons,  and  gave  over  his  place  because  he  would  not  meddle 
in  the  trial  about  the  king.  He  often  invited  Mr.  Selden  and  me 
together  to  his  house  and  to  dinners,  where  we  had  great  cheer 
and  greater  learning  in  excellent  discourse,  whereof  himself  bore 
a  chief  part.  I  was  the  more  frequent  with  him,  being  god-father 
to  one  of  his  sons,  and  Mr.  Selden  the  other  god-father,  which 
brought  us  two  the  oftener  together  to  see  our  god-son ;  and  even 
in  these  I  gained  very  much  of  knowledge  from  the  most  learned 
and  rational  discourses  of  Mr.  Selden." — WHITELOCKE:  Journal  of 
the  Swedish  Embassy,  1772,  2  vols.  4to,  vol.  ii.  p.  426. 

Elton,  Rev.  Sir  Abraham.  Letter  to  Thomas  Bere, 
occasioned  by  his  attack  on  Mrs.  Hannah  More,  Lon., 
1800,  Svo. 

Elton,  Charles  Abraham.  1.  Poems,  1804,  8vo. 
2.  Trans,  into  English  Verse  of  the  Remains  of  Hesiod, 
1809,  Svo. 

"Upon  the  whole,  we  are  disposed  to  give  Mr.  Elton  credit  for 
considerable  skill  in  versification.  Indeed,  though  his  translation 
is  close,  sometimes  too  close  for  perspicuity,  it  seems  at  least  equal 
to  the  original.  His  blank  verse,  in  which  he  excels  more  than  in 
the  couplet,  is  of  a  good  structure;  bearing  a  general,  but  not  ser 
vile,  resemblance  to  Milton,  with  a  little  cast  of  some  of  the  daring 
expletives  of  Cowper."—  Edin.  Sev.,  xv.  109-118. 

3.  Tales  of  Romance,  with  other  Poems,  Lon.,  1810,  Svo. 
4.  Specimens  of  the  Classic  Poets  in  Chronological  Series 
from  Homer  to  Tryphiodorus.  Trans,  into  English  verse, 
and  illustrated  with  Biog.  and  Grit.  Notices,  1814,  3  vols. 
Svo.  This  valuable  work  contains  passages  from  33  Greek 
and  27  Latin  poets.  A  beautiful  edit,  was  pub.  in  Phila 
delphia  by  F.  Bell,  1854,  3  vols.  Svo. 

"  His  success  is  very  unequal :  many  specimens  are,  in  a  high 
degree,  brilliant  and  spirited,  Avhile  others  are  cold,  stiff,  and  lag 
ging.  In  general,  we  like  him  better  in  rhyme  than  in  blank 
verse,  though  the  arguments  in  behalf  of  the  latter  measure  in 
his  Preface  may  show  that  he  is  of  a  different  opinion.  .  .  .  Upon 
the  whole,  these  specimens  do  considerable  credit  to  Mr.  Elton's 
fluency  in  speaking  the  language  of  poetry."— Lon.  Quar.  Review, 
xiii.  151-158. 

Elton,  Edward,  Minister  of  St.  Mary  Magdalen's, 
Berrnondsey.  1.  Exposition  of  the  Epistle  to  the  Colos- 
sians,  in  sundry  Serms.,  Lon.,  1615,4to ;  2d  ed.,  1620,  '37,fol. 

"Both  these  Expositions  [Byfield's  and  Elton's]  have  much 
spiritual  instruction."— Bickersteth's  C.  S. 

2.  Expos,  of  the  7th  Chap,  of  the  Romans,  in  divers 
Serms.,  1618.  4to. 

"  An  excellent  Puritan  Exposition."— Bicker steth's  C.  S. 

"Elton  on  Colossians  is  a  work  rich  in  matter,  dressed  in  the 
plain  and  somewhat  unpopular  language  of  its  day.  .  .  .  The  work 
on  Romans  is  nearly  on  the  same  plan  and  of  similar  character."— 
miliams's  C.  P. 


ELT 


EME 


3.  Expos,  of  6  of  the  Commandments,  1619,  8vo.  4.  Expos, 
of,  or  Serms.  on,  the  8th  chap,  of  Romans,  1623,  4to.  Other 
works. 

Elton,  Richard,  Lt.  Col.  Complete  Body  of  the 
Military  Art  and  Gunnery,  Lon.,  1650,  '58,  foL 

Elton,  Romeo,  D.D.,  a  native  of  Connecticut,  grad. 
at  Brown  University,  1812 ;  Prof,  of  Ancient  Languages  in 
same  Institution  from  1825  to  '43,  and  has  since  resided  in 
England.  Besides  several  published  sermons,  he  edited 
Callender's  Century  Sermon,  with  copious  Notes  and  Bio 
graphical  Sketches  ;  The  Works  of  President  Maxcy,  with 
Memoir,  N.Y.,  1844,  8vo ;  Biographical  Sketch  of  Roger 
Williams,  pub.  in  Lon. 

Eltringham,  Wm.  1.  The  Baptist  against  the 
Baptist,  Lon.,  1756,  8vo.  2.  Remarks  on  The  Baptists' 
Vindic.,  1757,  8vo. 

Elven,  J.  P.     Heraldry,  Lon.,  1815,  12mo. 

Elvitlen,  Edmund.  The  Closet  of  Counsells,  con- 
teining  the  aduice  of  dyuers  wyse  Philosophers,  Lon., 
1569,  8vo. 

Elwell,  Wm.  Odell.  New  and  Complete  American 
Dictionary  of  Eng.  and  German,  N.  York,  12mo.  Highly 
commended  by  competent  authorities. 

Elvves,  Robert.  A  Sketcher's  Tour  round  the  World, 
with  21  Illustrations,  Lon.,  1854,  r.  8vo. 

"  Pleasanter  reading,  we  repeat,  need  not  be  offered  than  our 
Sketcher  brings." — Lon.  Athenaeum. 

Klu  in,  Fountain,  Vicar  of  Temple,  Bristol,  and  one 
of  the  ministers  of  the  Octagon.  Serins,  preached  at  the 
Octagon  Chapel,  Bath,  Lou.,  1st  series,  1842,  12mo;  2d 
series,  1849,  12mo.  Other  theolog.  works. 

Ellwood,  Mrs.  (A.  K.)  Col.  1.  Narrative  of  a  Jour 
ney  Overland  from  England  to  India,  <fcc.,  1825-28,  Lon., 
1830,  2  vols.  8vo.  2.  Memoirs  of  the  Literary  Ladies  of 
England  from  the  Commencement  of  the  Last  Century, 
1842,  2  vols.  p.  8vo;  1848. 

"  A  work  of  great  merit.  The  first  biography  is  that  of  Lady 
Mary  Wortley  Montagu;  the  last  that  of  Mrs.  Maclean,  better 
known  as  Miss  Landon:  it  thus  comprises  our  Blue  Stockings 
from  the  commencement  of  the  last  century  down  to  the  present. 
Each  biography  is  marked  by  good  taste  and  excellent  judgment." 
—John  Butt. 

Elworthy,  John.     Serm.,  Lon.,  1753,  8vo. 

Ely,  Ezra  Styles,  D.D.,  of  Philadelphia,  assistant 
editor,  in  conjunction  with  Wm.  McCorkle  and  the  Rev. 
Gregory  T.  Bedell,  of  a  Collateral  Bible,  or  Key  to  the 
Holy  Scriptures,  Phila.,  1826-28,  3  vola.  4to. 

"  These  volumes  comprise  the  Old  Testament.  The  correspond 
ing  texts  are  brought  together  in  one  view,  and  arranged  in  a 
familiar  and  easy  manner." — Lowndes's  Brit.  Librarian. 

Memoirs  of  his  Father,  the  Rev.  Zebulon  Ely.  Mental 
Science.  Visits  of  Mercy.  Sermons  on  Faith. 

Ely,  Henry,  D.D.     Fast  Serm.,  Lon.,  1804. 

Ely,  Humphrey.  Certaine  briefe  Notes  upon  a  briefe 
Apology  set  out  under  the  name  of  the  Priests  united  to 
the  Arch-Priest,  1603,  8vo.  Written  against  Father  Par 
sons,  or  Persons,  and  often  quoted  by  Wood. 

Ely,  John,  a  Dissenting  minister  at  Rochdale.  Win 
ter  Lectures ;  illus.  of  Divine  Dispensation,  Lon.,  1833,  8vo. 

"This  volume  is  distinguished  by  a  character  of  deep  and  patient 
research,  and  by  an  extraordinary  force,  both  of  sentiment  and 
style." — Lon.  Evangel.  Mag. 

Other  works.  See  his  Posthumous  Works,  with  a  Me 
moir,  by  Hamilton,  1848,  8vo. 

Ely,  Zebulon,  minister  of  Lebanon,  Conn.,  d.  about 
1824.  Serm.  at  the  Election,  1804;  on  the  death  of  *Gov. 
Trumbull,  1809 ;  before  the  County  Foreign  Mission  So 
ciety,  1815.  His  memoirs  were  pub.  by  his  son,  EZRA 
STYLES  ELY,  q.  v. 

Elyot,  Sir  Thomas,  Knt.,  d.  1546,  educated  at  St 
Mary's  Hall,  Oxford,  was  employed  by  Henry  VIIL  on 
several  embassies.  He  was  noted  for  extensive  and  pro 
found  learning.  The  Governor,  Lon.,  1531, 8vo.  Many  eds. 

"  Sir  Thomas  Elyot's  Governor  was  designed  to  instruct  men, 
especially  great  men,  in  good  morals,  and  to  reprove  their  vices." 
— STRYPE. 

This  book  was  a  great  favourite  with  Henry  VIIL  The 
Castell  of  Health,  1534,  8vo.  Many  eds.  Dictionarium, 
Latin  and  English,  1538,  fol.  A  Defence  or  Apology  for 
Good  Women,  1545,  8vo.  Bibliotheca  Eliotse,  1541,  fol. 
We  have  already  spoken  of  this  work,  and  various  editions, 
in  our  article  COOPER,  THOMAS,  q.  v.  Bankette  of  Sapience, 
1542,  8vo.  Education  of  Children.  De  Rebus  Memora- 
bilibus  Anglise : 

"  For  the  completing  of  which  he  had  perused  many  old  English 
monuments." 

Other  works  and  trans,  from  the  Latin  and  Greek.  See 
Biog.  Brit ;  Str.ype's  Eccles.  Memorials ;  Herbert's  Ames  • 
Bayle,  in  art.  Encolpius ;  Athen.  Oxon. ;  Brit.  Bibl. 

Elys,  Edmund.     See  ELLIS. 


Embury,  Mrs.  Emma  C.,  a  daughter  of  James  R. 
Manley,  M.D.,  of  New  York,  was  married  in  1828  to  Mr. 
Daniel  Embury,  now  of  Brooklyn.  She  has  attained  con 
siderable  distinction  both  in  the  walks  of  poetry  and  prose. 
"  IANTHE"  was  a  favourite  signature  with  magazine  readers 
long  before  the  real  name  of  the  author  was  made  public. 
Many  of  these  early  compositions  have  since  been  gathered 
and  given  to  the  world  in  a  collective  form.  Mrs.  Embury's 
first  volume  was  entitled  (1)  Guido  and  other  Poems.  She 
has  since  pub.  2.  Constance  Latimer,  or  the  Blind  Girl,  and 
other  Tales.  3.  Pictures  of  Early  Life.  4.  Glimpses  of 
Home.  5.  Nature's  Gems,  or  American  Wild  Flowers;  a 
collection  of  Poems,  1846.  6.  Love's  Token-flowers;  a 
collec.  of  Poems.  7.  The  Waldorf  Family,  or  Grandfa 
ther's  Legends;  a  fairy  tale  of  Brittany,  partly  a  trans, 
and  partly  original. 

"  Since  her  marriage  she  has  given  to  the  public  more  prose  than 
verse,  but  the  former  is  characterized  by  the  same  romantic  spirit 
which  is  the  essential  beauty  of  poetry.  Many  of  her  tales  are 
founded  upon  a  just  observation  of  life,  although  not  a  few  are 
equally  remarkable  for  attractive  invention.  In  point  of  style 
they  often  possess  the  merit  of  graceful  and  pointed  diction,  and 
the  lessons  they  inculcate  are  invariably  of  a  pure  moral  tendency." 
— Griswold's  Female  Poets  of  America. 

See  Hart's  Female  Prose-Writers  of  America;  Mrs.  Halo's 
Woman's  Record. 

Emerson,  Frederick,  1789-1857,  a  successful 
teacher  in  Boston  for  many  years,  author  of  Emerson's 
well-known  Arithmetics. 

Emerson,  George  Barrett,  teacher  and  naturalist, 
was  born  in  1797,  at  Kennebunk,  then  Wells,  in  York  co., 
Maine,  graduated  at  Harvard  Coll.  in  1817,  A.A.S.  For 
several  years  he  was  President  of  the  Boston  Soc'y  of  Nat. 
History,  and  Chairman  of  the  Commissioners  for  the  Zoo 
logical  and  Botanical  Survey  of  Massachusetts.  Mr.  Emer 
son  has  been  a  teacher  in  colleges,  academies,  and  schools 
for  more  than  forty  years,  thirty-four  of  which  were  spent 
in  Boston.  He  wrote  the  second  part  of  "  The  School  and 
the  Schoolmaster,"  of  which  Bp.  Potter  wrote  the  first  part, 
12mo,  pp.  552,  N.  York,  1842.  A  copy  of  this  work  was 
placed  in  every  school  in  N.  York  and  Massachusetts.  A 
Report  on  the  Trees  and  Shrubs  growing  naturally  in  the 
forests  of  Massachusetts,  Boston,  1846,  pp.  535,  8vo,  17 
plates. 

"Every  page  seems  replete  with  interest,  both  of  things  old  and 
new,  rare  and  well-known.  We  cheerfully  recommend  such  a  trea 
tise  as  this  to  the  friends  of  Horticulture;  feeling  that  the  style 
and  manner  in  which  the  subject  is  treated  will  be  peculiarly  in 
teresting." — Hbvey's  Magazine  of  Horticulture. 

Several  of  Mr.  Emerson's  Lectures  upon  Education  have 
been  pub.,  and  he  has  contributed  a  number  of  articles  to 
the  North  American  Review  and  the  Christian  Examiner. 

Emerson,  Gouverneur,  M.D.,  of  Philadelphia.  The 
Farmer's  and  Planter's  Encyclopaedia  of  Rural  Affairs,  by 
Cuthbert  W.  Johnson.  Adapted  to  the  United  States  by  G. 
E.,  Phila.,  1853,  8vo.  See  JOHNSON,  CCTHBERT  W.  Dr. 
Emerson  has  contributed  very  extensively  to  the  agricul 
tural  journals  of  the  U.S.  His  medical  writings  consist 
chiefly  of  extensive  contributions  upon  the  subject  of  vital 
statistics,  including  the  mortality,  births,  and  changes  in 
the  population  of  Philadelphia  from  1808  to  '32 ;  show 
ing,  among  other  things,  the  excessive  mortality  of  males 
during  childhood,  and  its  causes.  Effects  of  Depressing 
Influences  in  Changing  the  Proportions  of  the  Sexes  at 
Birth.  See  Amer.  Jour,  of  Med.  Sciences,  1827,  31,  48. 

Emerson,  James.  See  TENNENT,  SIR  JAMES  EM 
ERSON. 

Emerson,  Joseph,  1700-1767,  minister  of  Maiden, 
Mass.  Serms.  Ac.,  1727,  '35,  '38,  '47. 

Emerson,  Joseph,  1777-1833,  of  Beverly,  Mass. 
Miscellanies  in  Education. 

Emerson,  John  Swift.  Proceedings  Ct.  of  Exche 
quer  in  Ireland,  in  case  of  Johnson,  1805,  8vo. 

Emerson,  Ralph  Waldo,  the  son  of  a  Unitarian 
minister  of  Boston,  graduated  at  Harvard  College  in  1821, 
being  then  about  18  years  of  age.  After  some  attention 
to  theological  studies,  he  was  ordained  minister  of  the 
Second  Unitarian  Church  of  Boston;  but  this  connexion 
was  soon  sundered,  in  consequence  of  some  peculiarity  in 
the  views  of  the  preacher.  He  now  retired  to  Concord, 
and  soon  became  absorbed  in  those  investigations  in  men 
tal  and  moral  philosophy  of  which  the  results  have  been 
from  time  to  time  communicated  to  the  world. 

An  oration  entitled  Man  Thinking,  delivered  before  the 
Phi  Beta  Kappa  in  1837,  and  an  address  to  the  senior  class 
of  the  Divinity  College,  Cambridge,  in  1838,  attracted  con 
siderable  attention ;  which  no  doubt  encouraged  Mr.  Em 
erson  to  address  the  public  through  the  medium  of  the 
press.  In  1838  he  pub.  Literary  Ethics,  an  Oration,  which 
was  followed  in  the  next  year  by  Nature,  an  Essay.  In. 


EME 


ENF 


1840  he  commenced  the  publication  of  The  Dial,  a  maga 
zine  devoted  to  the  discussion  of  mooted  points  in  litera 
ture,  philosophy,  and  history.  This  periodical  was  con 
tinued  for  four  years.  In  1841  he  pub.  The  Method  of 
Nature,  an  Oration;  Man  the  Reformer,  an  Oration;  a 
lecture  upon  some  peculiarities  of  the  age ;  three  Lectures 
on  the  Times,  and  the  first  series  of  his  Essays.  In  1844 
he  pub.  lectures  on  N.  England  Reformers,  the  Young 
American,  and  Negro  Emancipation  in  the  West  Indies, 
and  the  Second  Series  of  his  Essays.  He  subsequently 
delivered  lectures  on  Swedenborg,  Napoleon,  New  Eng 
land,  and  other  subjects.  In  1846  he  pub.  a  volume  of 
Poems.  He  visited  England  for  the  second  time  in  1849, 
(his  first  visit  was  paid  we  believe  about  1825,)  and  deli 
vered  a  series  of  lectures,  which  were  subsequently  pub. 
in  a  volume  under  the  title  of  Representative  Men.  In 
1852,  in  conjunction  with  Mr.  W.  H.  Channing  and  J.  F. 
Clarke,  he  pub.  The  Memoirs  of  Margaret  Fuller,  and  in  1856, 
he  pub.  English  Traits.  Hehasalsocontrib.toN.  Amer.Rev. 
and  the  Chris.  Exam.  Works,  uniform  ed.,  6  vols. ;  Essays,  2 
vols. ;  Nature,  Addresses,  and  Lects.,  1  vol. ;  Representative 
Men,  1  vol. ;  English  Traits,  1  vol. ;  Poems,  1vol.  See  reviews 
in  West.  Rev.,  xxxiii.;  Blackw.  Mag.,  Ixii.,  Ixiv. ;  Eclec. 
Rev.,  4th  Ser.,  xii.,  xxxi. ;  Chris.  Exam.,  xxx.,  (C.  C.  Fel- 
ton,)  xxxviii.,  (F.  H.  Hedge,)  xlii.,  xlviii.,  (both  by  C.  A. 
Bartol;)  Amer.  Whig  Rev.,  i.,  vi. ;  Brownson's  Quarterly 
Review,  2d  Ser.,  i. ;  Christian  Review,  xv. ;  Princeton 
Review,  xiii. ;  Democratic  Review,  i.,  xvi. ;  New  Eng- 
lander,  viii. ;  Southern  Literary  Messenger,  xiii. ;  Eclectic 
Magazine,  xiii.,  xviii. ;  Living  Age,  iv.,  xvi.,  xvii.,  (G.  Gil- 
fillan,)  xxiii.,  xxiv.,  xxvi. 

"  We  suspect  that  Emerson  is  not  known  in  this  country  as  he 
deserves  to  be.  With  some  who  have  heard  his  name  coupled  with 
that  of  Carlyle,  he  passes  for  a  sort  of  echo  or  double  of  the  Eng 
lish  writer.  A  more  independent  and  original  thinker  can  nowhere 
in  this  age  be  found.  This  praise  must  at  all  events  be  awarded 
him.  And  even  in  America — which  has  not  the  reputation  of  gene 
rally  overlooking  or  underrating  the  merits  of  her  own  children — 
we  understand  that  the  reputation  of  Emerson  is  by  no  means 
what  it  ought  to  be;  and  many  critics  there  who  are  dissatisfied 
with  merely  imitative  talent,  and  demand  a  man  of  genius  of  their 
own,  are  not  aware  that  he  stands  there  amongst  them." — Black- 
wootfs  Magazine,  Ixiv.  643,  Ac. 

"  We  warn  admirers  of  this  writer  against  a  doctrine  which 
tampers  with  the  difference  between  right  and  wrong.  There  must 
be  such  a  difference :  it  deeply  concerns  every  man  who  presumes 
to  teach  the  public  to  hold  fast  by  it.  ...  No!  the  doctrine  which 
Mr.  Emerson,  and  many  men  like-minded,  are  compassing  sea  and 
land  to  propagate,  is  not  true;  the  cultivated  intellect,  the  imagina 
tion,  the  conscience,  the  heart,  unite  in  the  disclaimer.  There  is 
a  deeper  philosophy  than  this,  a  nobler  poetry,  a  manlier  morality, 
a  stronger  stimulant,  a  sweeter  solace;  and  our  readers  need  not 
now  be  told  where  these  are  to  be  found.  ...  His  ethics  are  as  des 
titute  of  authority  as  his  poetry  is  of  life  and  his  philosophy  of 
wisdom." — British  Quarterly  Review. 

"  It  is  better,  we  think,  for  a  man  to  tell  his  story  as  Mr.  Irving, 
Mr.  Hawthorne,  or  Mr.  Longfellow  does,  than  to  adopt  the  style 
Emersonian — in  which  thoughts  may  be  buried  so  deep  that  com 
mon  seekers  shall  be  unable  to  find  them.  '  Geoffrey  Crayon's'  ele 
gance  and  polish  do  not  imply  want  of  life  or  the  absence  of  hu 
mour.  His  fancies  are  ideal,  not  typographical.  They  do  not 
consist  of  verbs  for  nouns — or  full  stops  barring  the  way  when  the 
reader  desires  to  go  on, — of  tumid  epithets,  which  arrest  by  their 
strangeness,  not  their  appositeness, — of  foreign  idioms  and  forms, 
introduced  (it  may  not  be  uncharitable  to  divine)  by  way  of  ap 
prizing  the  public  that  the  writer  is  versed  in  Italian,  French,  or 
German." — Lon.  Athenceum,  Feb.  17, 1855, 192. 

Emerson,  T.  Courts  of  Law  of  London,Lon.,1794,8vo. 

Emerson,  Wm.,  1701-1782,  an  eminent  mathemati 
cian,  was  a  native  of  Hurworth,  near  Darlington,  England. 
He  pub.  many  treatises  upon  natural  philosophy,  astrono 
my,  and  various  branches  of  mathematics;  for  a  list  of 
which  see  Biog.  Brit. 

Emerson,  Wm.,  1769-1811,  a  minister  of  Boston, 
Mass.,  pub.  several  serins.,  theolog.  treatises,  <fcc.,  1794- 
1808.  After  his  death  was  pub.  his  sketch  of  the  history 
of  the  first  church  in  Boston,  with  2  serms.,  1812,  8vo. 

Emersone,  John.  The  World's  Prospect;  or,  a  Com 
mentary  upon  Isa.  xxiii.  14,  Lon.,  1646,  12mo. 

Ernes,  Tbomas.  Alkali  and  Acid,  Lon.,  1609,  8vo. 
Atheist  turned  Deist,  1699,  8vo.  Predictions,  1707,  4to. 

Emlyn,  Henry.  Propositions  for  a  New  Order  of 
Architecture,  Lon.,  1782,  fol. 

Emlyn,  Thomas,  1663-1743,  a  learned  English  di 
vine,  a  native  of  Lincolnshire,  attracted  great  attention  by 
his  championship  of  Arianism.  In  explanation  of  his 
sentiments,  he  pub.  at  Dublin,  where  he  had  been  stationed, 
an  Humble  Inquiry  into  the  Scripture  Account  of  Jesus 
Christ,  or  a  short  argument  concerning  his  Deity  and 
Glory,  according  to  the  Gospel.  This  led  to  his  prosecu 
tion  and  imprisonment.  He  wrote  a  number  of  other  con 
troversial  tracts,  a  list  of  which  will  be  found  in  Biog.  Brit, 
and  Watt's  Bibl.  Brit.  A  collective  ed.  of  his  Works,  with 


a  Memoir  by  his  son,  was  pub.  in  1746,  3  vols.  8vo.  See 
a  notice  of  some  of  his  works  in  Orme's  Bibl.  Bib. 

"  Though  his  writings  are,  perhaps,  not  now  so  much  read  as 
they  formerly  were,  they  still  continue  to  be  held  in  reputation, 
and  have  a  number  of  admirers.  Our  author  was  what  is  called  a 
high  Arian;  believing  our  blessed  Saviour  to  be  the  first  of  derived 
Beings,  the  Creator  of  the  World,  and  an  object  of  worship." — DR. 
KIPPIS,  in  Biog.  Brit. 

Emmerick,  A.,  Lt.  Col.  1.  Culture  of  Forests,  Lon., 
1789,  8vo.  2.  Light  Troops  to  an  Army,  1789,  12mo. 

Emmerton,  Isaac.  Culture  and  Management  of  the 
Auricola,  <fec.,  Lon.,  1816. 

Emmet,  Thomas  Addis,  1764-1827,  a  native  of 
Cork,  was  admitted  to  the  Dublin  Bar  in  1791.  Becoming 
a  leader  among  the  "  United  Irishmen,"  he  was  obliged  to 
emigrate  to  the  Continent,  after  suffering  imprisonment, 
and  in  1804  arrived  in  New  York.  Here  he  was  admitted 
to  the  bar,  and  in  1812  was  appointed  Attorney  General 
of  the  State.  He  died  of  an  attack  of  apoplexy  in  1827. 
He  wrote,  whilst  in  prison  in  Scotland,  a  work  pub.  in  New 
York  in  1807,  entitled  Pieces  of  Irish  History,  illustrative 
of  the  condition  of  the  Catholics  of  Ireland.  He  was  a 
brother  of  Robert  Emmet,  executed  for  treason  in  1803, 
and  of  Christopher  Temple  Emmet,  a  distinguished  lawyer 
of  Dublin.  See  Memoirs  of  Thomas  Addis  Emmet,  by 
Charles  Glidden  Haynes;  with  a  Biog.  Notice  of  Mr. 
Haynes,  Lon.,  1829,  12mo;  and  a  Sketch  of  the  character 
of  Emmet  by  the  late  Judge  Story,  in  his  Miscel.  Writings, 
804-807. 

"That  he  had  great  qualities  as  an  orator  cannot  be  doubted  by 
any  one  who  has  heard  him.  His  mind  possessed  a  good  deal  of 
the  fervour  which  characterizes  his  countrymen.  It  was  quick, 
vigorous,  searching,  and  buoyant.  He  kindled  as  he  spoke. 
There  was  a  spontaneous  combustion  as  it  were,  not  sparkling,  but 
clear  and  glowing.  His  rhetoric  was  never  florid;  and  his  diction, 
though  select  and  pure,  seemed  the  common  dress  of  his  thoughts, 
as  they  arose,  rather  than  any  studied  effort  at  ornament." — J  UBGK 
STORY,  ubi  supra. 

Emmett,  J.  B.     Heat;  Annals  of  Phil.,  1817. 

Emmons,  Nathaniel,  D.D.,  1745-1840.  CCXI. 
Serms.,  with  Life  by  Dr.  J.  Ide,  N.  York,  1842,  6  vols.  r. 
8vo.  These  vols.  contain  upwards  of  220  sermons. 

"One  of  the  most  eminent,  original,  and  able  preachers  of  his 
time."  See  Chris.  Exam.,  xxxiii.  169;  Am.  Bib.  Rep.,  2d  s.,  viii. 
314,  x.  352 ;  Princeton  Rev.,  xiv.  520. 

Emmot,  G.,  of  Durham.  A  Northern  Blast;  or,  the 
Spiritual  Quaker  converted,  Lon.,  1655,  4to. 

Emory,  W.  H.,  Major  U.S.  Army,  b.  in  Queen  Anne's 
co.,  Md.  1.  Notes  of  a  Military  Reconnoissance  in  Mis 
souri  and  California,  N.  York,  1848,  8vo.  2.  Notes  of 
Travel  in  California;  from  the  Official  Reports  of  Colonel 
Fremont  and  Major  Emory,  N.Y.,  8vo. 

"This  work  contains  a  map  of  the  United  States,  Mexico,  and 
California,  together  with  a  sectional  map,  on  a  large  scale,  of  the 
Gold-Regions,  and  is  replete  with  interest." 

3.  Report  of  the  U.S.  and  Mexican  Boundary-Com 
mission,  Washington,  4to.  An  elaborate  work. 

Emms,  Robert.  Gospel  Dispensation,  Lon.,  1732, 4to. 

Enderbie,  Percy.  Cambria  Triumphans;  or,  Bri 
tain  in  its  perfect  Lustre,  from  the  first  of  their  Princes  to 
Charles  I.,  Lon.,  1661,  fol.  Being  a  History  of  Wales. 
Lord  Essex's  copy,  £30  9s.;  Heathcote's,  £29  18s.  6rf.; 
Montolieu's,  £32  11s.  Reprinted,  Lon.,  1810,  fol.  See  an 
analysis  of  this  work  in  Savage's  Librarian,  ii.  49-74. 

"As  for  Enderbie,  who  was  an  author  of  no  considerable  note, 
as  having  not  had  that  just  education  which  is  requisite  for  a 
genuine  historian,  he  hath  done  his  work  but  very  meanly,  being 
mostly  a  scribble  from  late  authors,  and  gives  not  that  satisfaction 
which  curious  men  desire  to  know." — Athen.  Oxon.,  Bliss's  ed.,  iii. 
710. 

"  Its  intrinsic  worth  in  respect  to  its  contents  is  not  very  great." 
— Savage's  Librarian,  ii.  50. 

Yet  so  scarce  had  the  original  folio  become,  that  a  year 
before  it  was  reprinted  the  same  authority  informs  us, 

"  At  present  I  believe  that  a  good  copy,  bound  in  Russia  leather, 
is  difficult  to  be  procured  for  much  less  than  forty  guineas." 

The  same  vol.  (original)  is  now  (1855)  worth  perhaps 
£5  to  £5  10s.  in  good  condition  and  binding. 

Endress,  Rev.  Dr.,  Lutheran  pastor.  Christi  Regi 
ment  mit  weltlicher  Monarchic  und  Aristocratic  unverein- 
bar,  1791,  12mo;  also  posthumous  Sermons  published  in 
Lutheran  Preacher  and  Pulpit. 

Enfield,  Wm.,  LL.D.,  1741-1797,  a  Socinian  divine, 
a  native  of  Sudbury,  Suffolk,  minister  of  a  congregation 
at  Liverpool,  1763 ;  teacher  of  the  dissenting  academy  at 
Warrington,  1770-83,  when  it  was  dissolved;  minister  of 
a  congregation  at  Norwich,  1783-97.  Serms.,  Prayers, 
Selection  of  Hymns,  Ac.,  1768-95.  The  Preacher's  Di 
rectory;  an  arrangement  of  topics  and  texts,  1771,  4to; 
1775,  9  vols.  12mo;  1782,  4to. 

"An  excellent  work,  formed  upon  an  admirable  plan,  and  exe 
cuted  with  great  accuracy  and  judgment.  This  performance  will 
be  particularly  useful  to  those  who  compose  sermons,  as  it  will 


ENF 


ENG 


immediately  furnish  them  with  a  variety  of  texts  on  every  sub 
ject,  many  of  which  are  selected  and  applied  with  great  taste  and 
ingenuity.  We  will  venture  to  recommend  it  to  every  preacher  as 
the  best  book  of  its  kind  that  has  ever  been  published." — Lon. 
Critical  Review. 

Essay  towards  a  Hist,  of  Liverpool,  from  papers  of  Geo. 
Perry,  and  other  materials,  1773,  fol.  Literary  Property, 
1774, 4to.  The  Speaker,  1775,  Svo.  A  very  good  collection 
of  prose  and  poetry.  New  ed.,  1850,  12mo.  By  Rev.  J. 
Pyeroft,  1851,  12mo.  Elocution,  1780,  12mo.  Natural 
Philosophy,  1783,  4to;  1799,  4to.  The  History  of  Philo 
sophy  from  the  earliest  periods  to  the  beginning  of  the 
present  century,  drawn  up  from  Brucker's  Historia  Critica 
Philosophise,  1791,  2  vols.  4to  ;  1819,  2  vols.  Svo.  New  ed., 
1840,  Svo,  pp.  670.  Brucker's  great  work  was  pub.  in  6 
large  4to  vols.,  Leipsic,  1742-44.  A  new  ed.,  with  large 
addits.  and  improvements,  appeared  in  6  vols.  4to,  Leipsic, 
1767.  The  author  had  previously  pub.  an  abridgment  in 
1765,  large  Svo.  Enfield's  work  is  an  abridgment  of  the 
best  edit.,  6  vols.  4to,  which  comprises  about  6000  closely- 
printed  pages.  The  value  of  Brucker's  work  is  well  known. 
Whether  entitled  to  Enfield's  enthusiastic  eulogy,  it  must 
be  left  to  learned  inquirers  in  the  same  field  to  decide : 

"  A  vast  magazine  of  important  facts,  collected  with  indefatigable 
industry,  digested  with  admirable  perspicuity  of  method,  and  writ 
ten  with  every  appearance  of  candour  and  impartiality.  .  .  .  His 
work  bears  throughout  such  evident  marks  of  diligent  attention, 
cool  judgment,  and  freedom  from  prejudice,  as  justly  to  entitle  his 
opinions  to  no  small  degree  of  respect ;  but  as  far  as  concerns  facts, 
perhaps  no  historian  ever  had  a  better  claim  to  confidence.  No 
candid  reader  will,  without  the  most  careful  inquiry,  pronounce 
that  statement  of  facts  erroneous  which  was  the  result  of  a  course 
of  investigation  in  which  the  life  of  an  industrious  student  was 
principally  occupied  for  the  long  term  of  FIFTY  YEARS." — Enfield's 
Pref.  to  ?iis  Abridgment,  1791. 

"  This  eminent  and  valuable  work  has  received  the  general  suf 
frage  of  the  learned,  as  being  the  most  comprehensive,  methodical, 
and  impartial  history  of  theology  hitherto  written.  It  is  both  a 
history  of  doctrines  and  of  men.  As  a  history  of  doctrines,  it  lays 
open  the  origin  of  opinions,  the  changes  they  have  undergone,  the 
distinct  characters  of  different  systems,  and  the  leading  points  in 
which  they  differ;  as  a  history  of  men,  it  relates  the  lives  of  the 
most  eminent  philosophers,  takes  notice  of  their  followers  and  op 
ponents,  and  describes  the  origin,  progress,  and  decline  of  their 
respective  sects;  and  throws  much  light  on  the  ancient  religions 
of  India,  Persia,  and  on  every  other  branch  of  Eastern  literature." 

"  An  indispensable  work.  I  can  truly  say,  that  the  benefit  which 
I  have  derived  from  it  is  much  greater  than  it  would  be  possible 
to  express  by  any  quotation  or  acknowledgments,  however  nume 
rous." — Burton's  Bampton  Lectures. 

Enfield  performed  his  task  in  a  most  creditable  manner: 

"It  may  be  truly  said,  that  the  tenets  of  philosophy  and  the 
lives  of  its  professors  were  never  before  displayed  in  so  pleasing  a 
form,  and  with  such  clearness  and  excellence  of  language." 

"  It  contains  a  fund  of  information  that  is  scarcely  anywhere 
else  to  be  met  with  in  the  English  language.  Without  it  no  library 
can  be  considered  as  at  all  complete." — Dr.  E.  Wittiams's  C.  P. 

It  is  not  to  be  denied,  indeed,  that  doubts  have  been  ex 
pressed  of  the  accuracy  of  some  of  his  paraphrases  of 
ancient  philosophic  propositions  and  conclusions.  Serms. 
on  Practical  Subjects,  with  Memoirs  of  the  Author,  by 
John  Aikin,  M.D.,  1798,  3  vols.  Svo;  2d  ed.,  1799,  3  vols. 
Svo. 

"These  Sermons  are  60  in  number,  and  are  almost  entirely  writ 
ten  upon  moral  subjects,  to  illustrate  the  Character  of  our  Lord, 
to  explain  and  comment  upon  his  Parables,  or  to  enforce  some  of 
his  Precepts.  His  chief  talent  consists  in  expressing  common  ideas 
in  clear  and  apposite  language ;  and  he  so  well  inculcates  the  mo 
ral  precepts  of  Christianity,  that,  with  reference  to  them,  his  Ser 
mons  may  be  read  to  advantage  by  every  class  of  believers."— 
British  Critic.  , 

"  In  Dr.  Enfield's  compositions  we  see  great  correctness  of  senti 
ment,  and  a  happy  mode  of  expression.  His  words  stand  for  ideas ; 
he  is  clear  without,  needless  expansion,  and  concise  without  being 
confused." — Lon.  Monthly  Review, 

The  English  Preacher;  a  collec.  of  short  Serms.  from 
various  authors,  1773,  '74,  9  vols.  12mo. 

"Very  useful  to  young  preachers,  by  exhibiting  before  them  at 
one  view  a  great  variety  of  models  for  their  imitation."— Lowndes's 
Brit.  Librarian. 

Enfield  was  a  large  contributor  to  the  1st  vol.  of  Dr. 
Aikin's  General  Biography,  1799-1815,  10  vols.  4to.  See 
AIKIN,  JOHN,  M.D.,  in  this  volume,  and  a  biography  of  Dr. 
Enfield  in  Aikin's  General  Biography : 

"  He  joined  with  the  writer  of  this  article  in  laying  the  plan; 
and  all  the  lives  in  the  first  volume  marked  with  his  initial,  com 
prising  more  than  half  the  whole,  are  of  his  composition.  ...  His 
language,  chaste,  clear,  correct,  and  free  from  all  affectation,  is  one 
of  the  best  specimens  of  that  middle  style  which  is  fitted  for  all 
topics,  and  he  communicates  to  his  reader  all  that  clearness  of  idea 
which  reigned  in  his  mind." — DR.  AIKIN,  ubi  supra. 

Enfield.  Wm.  1.  New  Pronouncing  English  Diction 
ary,  1807,  12mo. 

"  Mr.  Enfield  has  displayed  considerable  judgment  and  great 
industry  in  the  compilation  and  arrangement  of  the  useful  little 
volume  before  us."—  Anti-Jacobin  Review,  Aug.  1807. 

2.  New  Encyclopaedia,  1809-11, 10  vols.  12mo.  3.  Natu 
ral  Theology,  1809,  12mo.  4.  Compend.  of  the  Laws  and 


Constitution  of  England,  1809, 12mo.  5.  Mental  and  Mora! 
Philosophy  and  Logic,  1810, 12mo.  6.  Natural  Philosophy. 

England,  Rev.  George.  Inquiry  into  the  Morals 
of  the  Ancients,  1757,  4to. 

England,  John.  Discourses,  1700,  Svo.  Serin.,  1710, 
Svo.  Serm.,  1715,  Svo. 

En  gland,  lit.  Rev.  John,D.D.,R.  Catholic  Bishop  of 
N.  Carolina,  S.  Carolina,  and  Georgia,  for  twenty-two  years, 
died  at  Charleston,  April  11, 1842,  aged  56.  Discourse  be 
fore  the  Hibernian  Society  of  Savannah,  Charleston,  1824, 
8vo.  See  a  review  in  the  N.  Amer.  Rev.,  xix.  470.  Expla 
nation  of  the  Construction,  Furniture,  and  Ornaments  of  a 
Church,  Ac.,  Bait.,  Svo.  Letters  on  Slavery,  Svo.  Works 
edited  by  Bishop  Reynolds,  Bait.,  1849,  5  vols.  r.  Svo. 

England,  Thomas  R.  1.  Letters  from  the  Abb6 
Edgeworth  to  his  Friends,  1777-1807,  with  Memoirs  of  his 
Life,  1810,  Svo.  Life  of  the  Rev.  Arthur  O'Leary,  <fcc.,  1822, 
Svo.  Illustrative  of  the  condition  of  the  Irish  R.  Catholics 
in  the  18th  century. 

Englefield,  Sir  Henry  Charles,  M.P.,  1752-1822, 
an  astronomer  and  antiquary.  1.  Tables  of  the  Apparent 
Places  of  the  Comet  in  1661,  Lon.,  1788,  4to.  2.  Letter 
rel.  to  the  case  of  Protestant  Dissenters,  1790,  Svo.  3.  Or 
bits  of  Comets,  1793, 4to.  4.  Walk  through  Southampton ; 
its  Antiquities,  1801,  Svo.  5.  Beauties,  Antiquities,  and 
Geological  Phenomena  of  the  Isle  of  Wight,  1S16,  fol. 
This  work  should  be  read  by  all  who  expect  to  visit  the 
Isle  of  Wight. 

"  Sir  Henry  Englefield  is  well  known  in  the  literary  world  as  a 
man  of  taste,  of  extensive,  various,  and  accurate  information ;  and 
the  description  of  the  Isle  of  Wight  is  a  work,  in  all  respects,  wor 
thy  of  a  person  distinguished  by  the  possession  of  such  accom 
plishments."— Edin.  Rev.,  xxix.  363-377. 

Con.  on  Astronomy,  Geology,  and  Natural  Philosophy, 
to  Phil.  Trans.,  1781/84;  Trans.  Linn.  Soc.,  1802;  Archge- 
ol.,  1782,  '90,  '92;  Nic.  Jour.,  1804;  Phil.  Mag.,  1814, 
'15.  In  1819,  in  6  Nos.,  imp.  Svo,  appeared  the  Englefield 
Vases,  and  in  the  same  year,  in  6  Nos.,  was  pub.  The  Life 
of  Sir  H.  C.  Englefield,  by  Sotheby. 

Engles,  Wm.  M.,  D.D.,  of  Philadelphia.  Rills  from 
the  Fountain  of  Wisdom ;  or  the  Book  of  Proverbs  arranged 
and  illustrated,  Phila.,  12mo.  The  idea  is  excellent,  and 
its  execution  has  been  highly  commended.  No  one  should 
be  without  this  little  volume. 

English,  E.  H.  Reports  of  Cases  in  Sup.  Ct.  of  Law 
and  Eq.  in  Arkansas,  Little  Rock,  1846,  Svo. 

English,  George  B.,  d.  182S,  aged  39,  was  the  son 
of  Thomas  English,  of  Boston,  Mass.,  and  graduated  at 
Harvard  Coll.  in  1807.  1.  Grounds  of  Christianity  Exam 
ined,  1813,  12mo.  This  was  answered  by  Edward  Everett, 
of  Massachusetts,  in  1814,  and  also  by  Samuel  Cary  in  1813. 
Mr.  Everett's  answer  forms  a  vol.  of  about  500  pages.  He 
was  between  20  and  21  years  of  age  at  the  time  of  its 
publication.  2.  Letter  to  Mr.  Cary  on  his  Review  of  the 
Grounds  of  Christianity  Examined.  3.  Letter  to  Dr.  Chan- 
ning  on  his  2  serms.  on  Infidelity,  1813.  4.  Expedition  to 
Dongola  and  Sennaar,  1823,  Svo.  5.  Five  Smooth  Stones 
out  of  the  Brook.  This  was  intended  as  an  answer  to 
Edward  Everett's  unanswerable  response  to  English's 
Grounds  of  Christianity  Examined. 

Mr.  Everett  convicts  English  of  the  most  flagrant  dis 
honesty  in  his  assertions,  and  bare-faced  plagiarism,  to  a 
degree  almost  unprecedented.  This  reckless  blasphemer 
of  "a  doctrine  which  once  he  preached,"  transfers  by 
wholesale  to  his  malignant  pages  the  sophistries  and  quib 
bles,  the  absurdities  and  the  blunders,  of  Evanson,  Collins, 
Toland,  and  other  such  worthies,  and  appropriates  without 
scruple  the  reflections  of  Semler,  Priestley,  Rabbi  Isaac, 
and  Orobio.  Mr.  Everett  shows  that  thus  ninety-four 
pages  are  borrowed  from  other  writers,  of  which  number 
Mr.  English  gives  credit  to  the  owners  for  twenty-four 
pages  only.  The  work  of  Mr.  Everett  would  do  honour  to 
any  critic,  however  far  advanced  in  years  or  experienced 
in  polemics ;  but  as  the  composition  of  a  mere  youth,  it  is 
one  of  the  most  remarkable  productions  of  the  human 
mind.  The  following  extracts  are  commended  to  the  class 
of  writers  especially  concerned  : 

"  Justly,  most  justly,  does  Dr.  Leland  observe,  that « It  would  be 
hard  to  produce  any  persons  whatever,  who  are  chargeable  with 
more  unfair  and  fraudulent  management  in  their  quotations,  in 
curtailing,  adding  to,  and  altering,  tlie  passages  they  cite,  or  taking 
them  out  of  their  connexion,  and  making  them  speak  directly  con 
trary  to  the  sentiments  of  their  authors,'  than  the  Deistical  Writers." 
—Everett's  Defence  of  Christianity,  108. 

Again : 

"It  is  a  peculiarity  of  the  skeptical  writers,  that  they  delight  to 
dwell  on  indelicate  and  indecent  themes.  The  reader  will  see  some 
traces  of  this  in  Mr.  English's  work.  .  .  .  Person,  in  the  preface  to 
his  unanswerable  letters  to  Travis,  justly  censures  Gibbon  for  this 
vulgar  vice,  and  there  needs  no  confirmation  to  the  remark  at  the 


ENG 

beginning  of  this  note  to  one  who  has  read  the  works  of  Woolston, 
of  Mandeville,  or  Voltaire."— I6ttf.431,  note. 

English  was  a  roving  character,  and  served  under  the 
Pasha  of  Egypt  He  is  said  to  have  embraced  Islamism, 
but  this  story  we  believe  to  be  untrue.  At  one  time  of  his 
life  he  was  a  member  of  the  community  at  New  Harmony. 
Shortly  after  leaving  college  he  studied  theology,  and  was 
licensed  to  preach  as  a  candidate  for  the  ministry,  by  the 
"  Boston  Association  of  Clergymen." 

English,  H.  S.  Laws  respecting  Pews  or  Seats  in 
Churches,  Lon.,  1826,  8vo. 

English,  J.    Obs.  on  Sheridan's  Dissert,  on  the  English 
Tongue  ;  difficulties  in  pronunciation,  &c.,  Lon.,  1762,  8vo. 
English,  J.     Serin.,  1776,  8vo. 

English,  John.     The  Grey  Spirit  of  the  Friar,  and 
the  Black  Spirit  of  the  Wye  j  a  Romance,  1810, 2  vols.  12tno. 
English,  John  George.  Arithmetic,  &c.,  1795, 12mo. 
English,  Michael.     Assize  on  Bread,  1491. 
English,  Peter.     The  Survey  of  Policy ;  oraVindic. 
of  the  Commonwealth  agst.  Salmasius  and  other  Royalists, 
Lon.,  1653,  4to. 

English,  Rev.  Robert.  The  Naval  Review ;  a  Poem, 
Lon.,  1773,  4to;  1774,  4to.     Elegy,  1777,  4to. 
English,  Thomas.     Serm.,  1734,  4to. 
English,  Thomas  Dunn,  of  Philadelphia,  has  ac 
quired  considerable  reputation  as  a  contributor  of  prose 
and  poetical  articles  to  the  periodicals  of  the  day. 

'*  Mr.  English  is  best  known  as  an  original,  forcible,  and  some 
times  humorous,  writer  of  prose."  See  Griswold's  Poets  and  Poetry 
of  America. 

Enoch,  Richard.     Serm.,  1707,  4to. 
Enos,  James  Lysander,  b.  1825,  in  the  State  of 
New  York.     Intellectual  and  Practical  Arithmetic.     Re- 
vised  ed.,  N.  York,  1854,  18mo. 

Ensor,  George.  1.  Principles  of  Morality,  1801, 8vo. 
2.  The  Independent  Man,  1806,  8vo.  3.  National  Govern 
ment,  1810,  2  vols.  8vo.  4.  National  Education,  1811,  8vo. 
5.  Defects  of  the  English  Laws  and  Tribunals,  1812,  8vo. 
"A  rambling,  desultory,  fault-finding,  ill-digested  volume,  in 
which  the  author  finds  little  to  praise  and  much  to  blame." — Mar 
vin's  Leg.  Bill. 

6.  Present  State  of  Ireland,  1814,  8vo.  7.  State  of  Eu 
rope  in  Jan.  1816,  1816,  8vo. 

Ent,  Sir  George,  1604-1689,  an  eminent  physician, 
was  a  native  of  Sandwich,  Kent,  and  educated  at  Sidney 
Sussex  Coll.,  Camb.  1.  Amicorum  Applausus  cum  Patavi 
M.D.  crearetur,  Pat.,  1636.  2.  Apologia  pro  Circulatione 
Sanguinis  contra  ^iEmilium  Parisanum,  Lon.,  1641,  '85, 
8vo.  In  defence  of  Harvey.  3.  Animadversiones  in  Ma- 
lachiae  Thrustoni  M.D.,  diatribam  de  respirationis  usu 
primario,  1679,  '84,  '85,  8vo.  Whole  Works,  Leyden,  1687, 
8vo.  He  is  said  to  have  trans,  the  whole  of  Harvey's  Ex- 
ercitationes  de  Generatione  Animalium  into  Latin.  Con. 
to  Phil.  Trans.,  1678,  '91. 

Entick,  or  Entinck,  John,  1713-1773.  Speculum 
Latinum,  Lon.,  1728,  8vo.  New  Naval  History,  1758,  fol. 
General  History  of  the  Late  War,  by  Entinck  and  others, 
1763,  5  vols.  8vo.  Relates  principally  to  the  war  in  Ame 
rica.  See  Lon.  Monthly  Review.  Survey  and  History  of 
London,  &c.,  1766,  4  vols.  8vo.  Not  much  valued.  New 
Latin  and  English  Dictionary,  1771,  12mo.  Many  eds., 
1786,  by  W.  Crackelt.  This  dictionary  has  been  repub- 
lished  within  the  last  few  years.  Present  State  of  the 
British  Empire,  1774,  4  vols.  8vo.  New  Spelling  Diction 
ary,  1764,  12mo.  By  Crackelt,  1784,  12ino;  1788,  4to; 
1795,  12mo.  New  ed.,  1850,  sq.  Other  works.  He  was 
engaged  in  some  theolog.  and  some  political  publications. 
Entwisle,  Edmund,  D.D.  Serm.,  1697,  4to. 
Enty,  John,  a  dissenting  minister  of  Exeter.  Serms., 
1707,  '16,  '20,  '25,  '37.  Other  publications. 

Equinox,  Thomas.  More  Conversation,  or  Ecclesi 
astical  Synaptism,  Lon.,  1807,  8vo. 

Erbery,  Wm.  Pub.  many  theolog.  treatises,  1627-54, 
which  seem  to  have  been  forgotten.  See  a  list  in  Watt's 
Bibl.  Brit. 

Erdeswicke,  Sampson,  d.  1603,  was  an  antiquary 
of  Sandon,  in  Staffordshire.  A  Short  View  of  Stafford 
shire,  Lon.,  1717,  8vo.  Again  by  Sir  Simon  Degge  in  1723. 
But  Lowndes  speaks  of  both  the  above  as  one  edition.  (?) 
The  View  is  now  incorporated  in  Shaw's  Hist,  of  Stafford 
shire.  Erdeswicke's  View  is  said  to  be  inaccurate,  not 
withstanding  the  commendation  of  Wood,  who  tells  us 
that  it 

"  Was  begun  about  the  year  1593,  and  continued  by  him  to  his 
death,  from  ancient  evidences  and  records,  with  brevity,  clearness, 
and  truth." 

Erdeswicke  is  supposed  to  have  written  The  True  State 
of  Armory,  pub.  under  the  name  of  William  Wyreley,  1592, 
4to.  but  this  is  very  doubtful. 
660 


ERS 

Erichsen,  John,  Prof,  of  Surgery  in  University  Coll., 
London.  The  Science  and  Art  of  Surgery,  Lon.,  1853,  p. 
8vo.  Amer.  ed.,  with  Notes  and  Additions,  by  J.  H.  Brin- 
ton,  M.D.,  Phila.,  1854,  8vo;  nearly  900  pages. 

"  The  volume  before  us  gives  a  very  admirable  practical  view  of 
the  science  and  art  of  surgery  of  the  present  day." — Edin.  Med. 
and  Surg.  Jour. 

"  Decidedly  the  best  treatise  on  the  subject  since  the  days  of  Ben 
jamin  Bell."— PROF.  S.  D.  GROSS,  May  17, 1854. 

Erigena,  Johannes  Scotus,  a  celebrated  philoso 
pher,  a  native  of  Ireland,  long  resident  at  the  court  of 
Charles  the  Bald,  King  of  France,  is  supposed  to  have  died 
about  877,  but  of  this  date,  as  of  the  incidents  of  his  life, 
there  appears  to  be  much  doubt.  The  curious  reader  can 
refer  to  the  authorities  cited  below.  Of  his  writings  a  cata 
logue  will  be  found  in  Cave  and  others.  Bale  has  added 
to  the  number,  but  it  is  thought  without  sufficient  evidence. 
The  following  have  been  printed :  1.  De  Divisione  Naturae, 
Oxon.,  by  Gale,  1681,  fol. 

"  His  book  entitled  The  Division  of  Nature  is  of  great  use  in 
solving  many  intricate  and  perplexing  questions,  if  we  can  forgive 
him  for  deviating  from  the  path  of  the  Latin  philosophers  and 
divines,  and  pursuing  that  of  the  Greeks.  It  was  this  that  made 
him  appear  a  heretic  to  many ;  and  it  must  be  confessed  that  there 
are  many  things  in  it  which,  at  first  sight  at  least,  seem  to  be  con 
trary  to  the  Catholic  faith." — HOVEDEX. 

2.  De  Praedestinatione  Dei,  contra  Goteschalcum,  edited 
by  Gilb.  Maguin  in  his  Vindiciae  Prsedestinationis  et  Gra- 
tiae,  vol.  i.  p.  103.  This  work  was  violently  attacked  by 
Prudentius  and  Florus.  3.  Excerpta  de  Differentiis  et  So- 
cietatibus  GraDci  Latinique  Verbi,  in  Macrobius's  works. 
4.  De  Corpore  et  Sanguine  Domini,  1558,  '60,  1653,-  Lon., 
1686,  8vo.  It  is  supposed  that  the  treatise  really  written 
by  Erigena  is  lost,  and  that  the  published  one  is  not  the 
genuine  tract.  It  is  certain  that  Erigena  denied  the  doc 
trine  of  transubstantiation.  It  was  intended  as  an  answer 
to  Paschasius  Radbertus.  Erigena's  treatise  was  con 
demned  to  be  burned  at  Rome  in  1059.  It  was  on  this 
account  that  his  name  was  stricken  from  the  roll  of  saints 
by  Baronius.  5.  Ambigua  S.  Maximi,  seu  Scholia  ejus 
in  difficiles  Locos  S.  Gregorii  Nazianzeni,  Latine  versa, 
with  the  Divisio  Naturae,  Oxford,  1681,  fol.  6.  Opera  S. 
Dionysii  quatuor  in  Latinam  Linguana  conversa,  in  the 
edition  of  Dionysius,  Colon.,  1536.  Many  of  his  MSS.  are 
still  in  existence.  He  trans,  from  the  Latin,  at  the  request 
of  King  Charles,  four  works  attributed  to  Dionysius  the 
Areopagite.  This  trans,  (see  conclusion  of  this  article) 
involved  Erigena  in  difficulty,  and  elicited  an  indignant 
letter  from  Pope  Nicholas  I.  to  the  King  of  France.  It  is 
supposed  that  this  led  to  Erigena's  withdrawal  from  France, 
but  this  is  greatly  doubted.  See  Biog.  Brit. ;  Mackenzie's 
Scotch  Writers;  Wood's  Annals,  and  Colleges  and  Halls; 
Henry's  Hist,  of  G.  Brit.;  Cave;  Fabric.  Bibl.  Lat.  Med. ; 
Brucker ;  Saxii  Onomast. ;  Hist.  Lit.  de  Fr.,  v.,  pp.  428, 429 ; 
Chalmers's  Biog.  Diet. ;  Wright's  Biog.  Brit.  Lit. 

"  He  was  a  skilful  logician  and  controversialist,  and  had  imbibed, 
by  the  perusal  of  some  of  the  Greek  Fathers,  a  considerable  taint 
of  the  Platonism  of  the  School  of  Alexandria.  He  thus  became 
one  of  the  founders  of  the  philosophic  school  of  the  Realists,  who 
attracted  so  much  attention  in  the  eleventh  and  twelfth  centuries." 
— WEIGHT,  ubi  supra. 

"  Anastasius  had  so  high  an  opinion  of  Erigena,  that  he  ascribed 
his  translation  of  the  works  of  Dionysius  to  the  especial  influence 
of  the  spirit  of  God." — DR.  KIPPIS,  in  Biog.  Brit. 

But  his  opponents  complained  of  the  trans,  as  "too  lite 
ral,  and  therefore  often  unintelligible,  or  liable  to  be  mis 
understood;  and  they  represented  it  as  ridiculous  that  a 
barbarian  from  the  extreme  edge  of  the  world  should  un 
derstand  Greek." 

The  reader  will  find  some  specimens  of  the  compositions 
of  Erigena  in  Usher's  Veterum  Epistolarum  Hibernicarum 
Sylloge.,  Dubl.,  1632,  4to. 

Ernst,  Rev.  Dr.  Lutheran  Pastor,  Lebanon,  Pa. 
Sermon  on  the  Death  of  Washington. 

Ernulph,  or  Earnulph,  b.  about  1040,  d.  1124,  a  na 
tive  of  Beauvais,  and  pupil  of  Lanfranc,  was  made  Abbot 
of  Petersborough  in  1107,  and  in  1114  was  promoted  to 
the  bishopric  of  Rochester.  He  collected  the  early  char 
ters,  &c.  of  his  see  into  a  volume,  which  is  still  extant,  and 
known  as  the  Textus  Roffensis.  In  addition  to  the  char 
ters  of  the  church,  it  contains  many  of  the  Anglo-Saxon 
and  early  Anglo-Norman  laws,  and  a  number  of  other 
documents.  It  has  been  largely  drawn  from  by  the  com 
pilers  of  early  British  laws.  A  portion  of  its  contents  will 
be  found  in  Wharton's  Anglia  Sacra,  1691,  fol.,  pp.  329- 
34;  and  the  whole  was  printed  by  Hearne,  Oxon.,  1720,  8vo. 
Two  Epistles  of  Ernulph's  will  be  found  in  D'Achery's 
Spicilegium,  tomus  Hi.,  Parisiis,  1723,  fol.,  pp.  464-71. 
Erralt,  Thomas.  Con.  to  Mem.  Med.,  1799. 
Erskine,  Hon.  Andrew,  1739-1793,  third  son  of 
!  the  5th  Earl  of  Kellie.  Letters  between  him  and  James 


ERS 


ERS 


Boswell,  Esq.,  Lon.,  1763,  8vo.  Town  Eclogues,  Lon., 
1773,  4to. 

"  A  good  poet  and  a  good  critic." — BOSWELL,  in  life  of  Johnson. 

Erskine,  Charles.  The  Institutes  of  Medicinal  Pa 
thology,  from  the  Latin  of  H.  D.  Gaubuis,  Edin.,  1775,  8vo. 
The  Syphilitic  Physician,  1808,  12mo. 

Erskine,  David,  Lord  Dun,  1670-1755,  an  eminent 
Scottish  lawyer,  became  lord  of  session  in  1711,  a  commis 
sioner  in  the  court  of  justiciary,  1713-50.  Lord  Dun's 
Advices,  1752,  12mo,  several  eds.  A  work  of  great  merit. 

Erskine,  David  Stewart.     See  BUCHAN,  EARL  OF. 

Erskine,  Ebenezer,  1680-1754,  a  grandson  of  Ralph 
Erskine,  noted  for  having  thirty-three  children,  was  born 
in  the  Prison  of  the  Bass,  where  his  father  and  mother 
were  confined  during  a  season  of  religious  persecution  in 
Scotland  against  the  Presbyterians.  Ebenezer  was  edu 
cated  at  the  Univ.  of  Edinburgh ;  minister  of  Portmoak, 
Kinross,  1703;  of  Stirling,  1731.  In  April,  1732,  he  was 
chosen  moderator  of  the  synod  of  Perth  and  Stirling,  and 
in  his  opening  sermon  he  censured  some  late  proceedings 
of  the  General  Assembly  of  the  Church  of  Scotland  respect 
ing  patronage.  These  strictures  occasioned  a  controversy 
which  resulted  in  a  schism,  and  Mr.  Erskine's  party  became 
known  as  the  Seceders.  For  an  account  of  this  body  we 
must  refer  the  reader  to  Brown's  Account  of  the  Secession, 
8th  ed.,  1802,  12mo;  to  Mackerrow's  History  of  the  Se 
cession  Church,  new  ed.,  Edin.,  1841,  Svo;  and  see  article 
SECEDERS  in  Encyc.  Brit.,  7th  ed.  The  character  of  Ebe 
nezer  Erskine  was  most  exemplary,  and  his  sermons  greatly 
admired.  Discourses  on  Ps.  ii.  6,  Edin.,  1739,  12mo. 
Serms.,  1755,  Svo.  Discourses,  1757,  3  vols.  12mo.  Serins., 
Glasg.,  1762,  4  vols.  Svo;  vol.  5th,  Edin.,  1765.  Whole 
Works,  1798,  3  vols.  Svo;  Lon.,  1799,  3  vols.  Svo;  Edin., 
1810,  3  vols.  Svo.  By  the  Rev.  D.  Fraser,  with  a  Memoir, 
Lon.,  1826,  2  vols.  Svo.  The  Life  and  Diary  were  pub. 
separately  in  1831,  12mo.  Serms.,  abridged  by  Fenton, 

1826,  2  vols.  in  1,  12mo.     31  Serms.,  abridged  by  Fisher, 

1827,  2  vols.  in  1, 12mo.     18  Serms.,  abridged,  1829, 12mo. 
Beauties  of  E.  Erskine,  Ac.,  by  the  Rev.  S.  McMillan,  Svo. 
Serms.  of  Ralph  and  Ebenezer  Erskine,  selected,  with  a 
Preface,  by  the  Rev.  Thomas  Bradbury,  1738,  3  vols.; 
1757,  3  vols.  Svo.     Select  Writings  of  Ebenezer  Erskine, 
edited  by  the  Rev.  D.  Smith,  Edin.,  1848,  Svo. 

"  Were  I  to  read  in  order  to  refine  my  taste  or  improve  my  style, 
I  would  prefer  Bp.  Atterbury's  Sermons,  Dr.  Bate's  Works,  or  Mr. 
Seed  s  Discourses:  but  were  I  to  read  with  a  single  view  to  the  edi 
fication  of  my  heart  in  true  faith,  solid  comfort,  and  evangelical 
holiness,  I  would  have  recourse  to  Mr.  Erskine,  and  take  his 
volumes  for  my  guide,  my  companion,  and  my  own  familiar 
friend."— Hervey's  Theron  and  Aspasia. 

"  The  works  of  Ralph  and  Ebenezer  Erskine  are  highly  evangeli 
cal  ;  the  productions  of  minds  very  strongly  attached  to  truth, 
devotional  and  zealous." —  Williams' s  C.  P. 

"The  two  Erskines  Cecil  calls  the  best  Scotch  divines,  but 
speaks  of  them  as  dry  and  laboured.  He  did  not  at  the  moment 
recollect  Leighton,  Rutherford,  Maclaurin,  &c."—Bickersteth's  G.  S. 

Erskine,  Hon.  Mrs.  Esme  Stewart.  Isabel;  a 
Tale,  in  two  Cantos;  and  other  Poems,  Lon.,  1814,  cr.  Svo. 

Erskine,  George,     Serm.,  1710,  4to;  do.,  1710,  4to. 

Erskine,  H.  T.  The  New  Statute  for  the  Relief  of 
Insolvent  Debtors,  5  &  6  Viet.,  c.  116,  <fcc.,  Lon.,  1842, 12mo. 

Erskine,  Henry,  1624-1696,  a  Scotch  divine,  father 
of  Ebenezer  Erskine,  left  some  Latin  MSS.  elucidating 
difficult  passages  of  the  Holy  Scriptures.  They  have  never 
been  pub. 

Erskine,  Hon.  Henry,  1746-1817,  Lord  Advocate 
of  Scotland,  brother  of  Lord  High  Chancellor  Erskine, 
was  the  son  of  Henry  David,  10th  Earl  of  Buchan.  Ex 
pediency  of  Reform  in  the  Court  of  Session  in  Scotland, 
Lon.,  1807,  Svo.  See  Lon.  Monthly  Review,  liii  442 
See  a  biography  of  Mr.  Erskine  in  Chambers's  Lives  of 
Illus.  and  Dist.  Scotsmen,  ii.  237. 

Erskine,  John,  Baron  of  Dun,  1508P-1591,  an  emi 
nent  Scotch  Reformer,  assisted  in  1577  in  the  compilation 
of  the  Second  Book  of  Discipline,  or  model  for  the  govern 
ment  of  a  Presbyterian  Church.  See  Scot's  Lives  of  the 
Reformers;  McCrie's  Life  of  Knox;  Cook's  Hist,  of  the 
Reformation  in  Scotland. 

Erskine,  John,  1695-1768,  Prof,  of  Scottish  Law  in 
the  Univ.  of  Edinburgh.  The  Principles  of  the  Law  of 
Scotland,  Edin.,  1754,  '57,  '64,  Svo.  With  Notes  and 
Correc.  by  Gillon,  1809,  Svo.  New  ed.  by  J.  S.  Moore 
Edin.,  1827,  Svo.  Institutes  of  the  Laws  of  Scotland 
1773,  fol.;  2d  ed.,  enlarged,  1773,  fol.;  3d  ed.,  1785,  fol.;  4th 
ed.,  1804,  fol.  With  Notes  by  Gillon,  1805,  fol.  With 
Notes  by  James  Ivory,  1824-28,  2  vols.  fol.  New  ed  by 
A.  MacAllan,  1838,  2  vols.  r.  Svo.  and  r.  4to. 

"A  standard  work,  characterized  by  conciseness  and  perspi 
cuity."— Warren's  Law  Studies,  888. 


Both  of  the  above  works  are  on  the  plan  of  Sir  George 
Mackenzie's  Institutions  of  the  Law  of  Scotland. 

Erskine,  John,  D.D.,  1721-1803,  educated  at  the 
Univ.  of  Edinburgh;  minister  of  Kirkintilloch,  1744;  of 
Culross,  1754;  of  New  Grey-Friars'  Church,  Edinburgh, 
1758;  colleague  with  Dr.  Robertson  in  the  Old  Grey-Friars' 
Church,  1759.  Dr.  Erskine  pub.  a  number  of  serms.  and 
theolog.  dissertations,  1750-1802.  A  collection  of  his  Dis 
courses  was  pub.  at  Edin.,  1818,  2  vols.  8vo. 

"  Very  scriptural,  and  full  of  excellent  matter." —  Williams's  C.P. 

Theological  Dissertations,  1765,  12mo.  Sketches  and 
Hints  of  Church  History  and  Theolog.  Controversy,1790-97, 
2  vols.  12mo;  2d  ed.,  1818,  2  vols.  12mo. 

"  Whether  the  reader  shall  agree  or  disagree  with  Dr.  Erskine 
in  all  the  views  of  Scripture  truth  which  the  Theological  Disserta 
tions  contain,  it  is  impossible  but  he  must  admire  the  shrewd 
sense  which  they  display,  and  their  familiar  and  extensive  ac 
quaintance  with  the  Bible.  .  .  .  The  Sketches  of  Church  History 
discover  the  author's  extensive  acquaintance  with  the  modern 
Dutch  and  German  writers,  and  furnish  many  curious  extracts 
from  books  that  are  little  known  in  this  country."— Orme's  BM. 
Bib. 

"  Much  scarce  information.  .  .  .  An  account  of  Foreign  Works, 
and  translations  of  extracts  from  them,  on  the  plan  of  Erskine's 
Sketches  of  Church  History,  would  be  interesting  and  useful." — 
BickcrstetVs  C.  S. 

See  An  Account  of  the  Life  and  Writings  of  John  Ers 
kine,  D.D.,  by  Sir  Henry  Moncreiff  Wellwood,  Bart.,  M.D., 
Edin.,  1818,  Svo.  A  list  of  his  works  and  publications, 
edited  by  him,  will  be  found  in  Chambers's  Lives  of  Illus. 
and  Dist.  Scotsmen,  ii.  262-4. 

Erskine,  John  Francis.  General  View  of  the  Agri 
culture  of  the  County  of  Clackmannan,  <fec.,Edin.,  1794,  4to. 

"  This  work  had  much  repute,  being  the  offspring  of  an  educated 
mind,  and  very  large  information  and  experience." — Dvnaldsoris 
Agricult.  Biog. 

Erskine,  Ralph,  1685-1752,  brother  of  Ebenezer 
Erskine,  was  a  native  of  Monilaws,  Northumberland;  edu 
cated  at  the  Univ.  of  Edinburgh;  minister  at  Dunfermline, 
1711;  joined  the  Seceders,  1734.  He  pub.  a  number  of 
Serms.,  Theolog.  Treatises,  Scripture  Songs,  Gospel  Songs, 
<fcc.,  1738-52,  and  several  of  his  works  were  pub.  after  his 
death.  We  have  already  referred  to  Bradbury's  ed.  of  the 
Serms.  of  Ralph  and  Ebenezer  Erskine.  Works,  Glasg., 
1764-66,  2  vols.  fol.;  1777, 10  vols.  Svo;  Lon.,  1821, 10  volg. 
Svo.  Gospel  Sonnets,  new  ed.,  1844,  24mo.  For  opinions 
upon  his  Works  see  ERSKINE,  EBENEZER. 

An  enthusiastic  admirer  thus  celebrates  the  merits  of 
our  excellent  author : 

"Erskine!  whose  pen  spread  far  abroad 
Redeeming  love,  the  sole  device  of  God. 
Substantial  themes  his  thoughts  did  much  pursue ; 
Kept  pure  the  truth,  espoused  but  by  a  few. 
Integrity  of  heart,  of  soul  serene; 
No  friend  to  vice,  no  cloke  to  the  profane; 
Employ'd  his  talents  to  reclaim  the  vain." 

See  Life  prefixed  to  his  Works. 

Erskine,  Robert.  Tract  rel.  to  J.  Crookshanks,  Lon., 
1759,  Svo.  Rivers  and  Tides,  1770,  '81,  Svo. 

Erskine,  Thomas,  Lord  Baron  Erskine,  of  Restor- 
mel  Castle,  co.  Cornwall,  1750-1823,  was  the  third  son  of 
Henry,  David  Erskine,  10th  Earl  of  Buchan  in  Scotland. 
He  was  educated  at  the  High  School  of  Edinburgh,  and 
the  University  of  St.  Andrew's,  and  subsequently,  in  1777, 
entered  as  a  Fellow  of  Trin.  Coll.,  Camb.  At  the  age  of 
14  he  entered  the  Royal  Navy,  where  he  served  for  four 
years;  and  in  1768  became  attached  to  the  army,  as  an 
ensign  in  the  Royals,  or  First  Regiment  of  Foot  He  re 
mained  in  the  army  for  eight  years.  Determined  to  adopt 
the  profession  of  the  law,  in  1777  he  inserted  his  name  as 
a  student  in  the  book  of  Lincoln's  Inn^nd  in  1778 — sav 
ing  two  years  of  probation  in  consequence  of  his  academical 
degree,  to  which  he  was  entitled  from  his  University  as  the 
son  of  a  nobleman — he  was  called  to  the  bar.  His  defence 
of  Captain  Baillie  at  once  established  his  fame,  and  hence 
forth  he  reaped  laurels  in  profusion.  In  1806  he  was  made 
Lord  High  Chancellor,  and  in  1815  received  the  Order  of 
the  Thistle.  His  professional  life  does  not  properly  come 
under  our  consideration  in  this  volume.  The  reader  is  re 
ferred  to  Boswell's  Johnson;  Chambers's  Lives  of  Illus. 
and  Dist.  Scotsmen ;  Stanton's  Reforms  and  Reformers  of 
Great  Britain;  The  Georgian  Era;  Encyc.  Brit,;  Edin. 
Rev.,  vols.  xvi.  and  xix. ;  Gent.  Mag.,  xciii.  553 ;  Good- 
rich's  Select  Brit.  Eloquence.  His  lordship  amused  his 
intervals  of  leisure  by  the  composition  of  Armata,  a  Frag 
ment;  a  political  romance,  Lon.,  1817,  2  vols.  Svo;  pub. 
anon. ;  and  wrote  some  pamphlets  in  favour  of  the  Greeks. 
His  burlesque  parody  of  Gray's  Bard  is  well  known.  His 
View  of  the  Causes  and  Consequences  of  the  Present  War 
with  France,  pub.  in  1797,  was  so  popular  that  48  edits, 
were  called  for  in  a  few  months.  A  letter  in  answer  to  it, 

561 


ERS 


ETII 


by  John  Gifford,  also  had  a  very  large  sale,  and  was  fre 
quently  republished. 

"  Seeing  also,  as  every  reader  must  here  see,  facts  opposed  to  de 
clamation,  and  proofs  to  bare  assertion,  we  cannot  conceive  our 
selves  biassed  by  any  kind  of  prejudice,  when  we  pronounce  that  | 
this  publication  contains  a  complete  and  solid  answer  to  Mr.  Er-  j 
Bkine."— British  Critic,  April,  1797. 

A  list  of  his  separate  publications — speeches,  Ac. — will 
be  found  in  Watt's  Bibl.  Brit.     There  have  been  several 
collective  edits,  of  his  speeches.     Speeches,  1846,  r.  8vo.  I 
Speeches,  with  Memoir  by  Lord  Brougham.  1845,  '47,  4  , 
vols.  8vo. 

"  We  take  the  opinion  of  the  country  and  of  every  part  of  the 
world  where  the  language  is  understood,  to  be  that  of  the  most 
unbounded  admiration  of  these  exquisite  specimens  of  Judicial 
Oratory,  and  of  a  great  obligation  to  the  Editor  of  the  collection." 
— Edin.  Review,  vol.  xix. 

"  At  the  bar  Erskine  shone  with  peculiar  lustre.  There  the  re 
sources  of  his  mind  were  made  apparent  by  instantaneous  bursts 
of  eloquence,  combining  logic,  rhetorical  skill,  and  legal  precision, 
while  he  triumphed  over  the  passions  and  prejudices  of  his  hearers 
and  moulded  them  to  his  will." 

"  As  an  advocate  in  the  forum  I  hold  him  to  be  without  an  equal 
in  ancient  or  modern  times." — LORD  CAMPBELL. 

Erskine,  Thomas,  of  Linlethan,  a  member  of  the 
Scottish  Bar.  1.  Remarks  on  the  Internal  Evidence  for 
the  Truth  of  Revealed  Religion,  3d  ed.,  Edin.,  1821, 12mo. 

"  The  argument  from  the  internal  evidence  of  religion,  in  sup 
port  of  its  truth  and  suitableness,  is  very  powerfully  supported, 
though  the  author  uses  the  phrase  natural  religion  rather  ambigu 
ously."—  Orme's  DM.  Bib. 

2.  An  Essay  on  Faith,  3d  ed.,  1823, 12mo.    An  ed.,  1829, 
2  vols.  12mo. 

"Written  in  an  easier  style  of  argument,  and  contains  more  of 
scriptural  statement  and  explanation.  Both  works  are  much  fitted 
to  be  useful." — Ubi  supra. 

The  British  Critic  highly  praises  both  of  these  produc 
tions.  3.  The  Unconditional  Freeness  of  the  Gospel;  in 
three  Essays,  2d  ed.,  1828,  12mo.  This  work  excited  an 
animated  controversy.  See  an  account  of  "  The  Gairloch 
or  Row  Heresy"  in  the  Eclectic  Review  for  July,  1830. 
4.  The  Brazen  Serpent;  or  Life  coming  through  Death,  2d 
ecL,  1831,  12ino.  5.  The  Doctrine  of  Election  illustrated, 
Lon.,  1837,  12mo.  This  useful  layman  was  profoundly 
versed  in  Greek  and  Biblical  literature.  See  Orme's  Bibl. 
Bib.,  174-75. 

Erswicke,  John.  Benefits  of  the  observation  of  Fish 
Days,  Lon.,  1642,  4to. 

Escheruy,  D.  D.  The  Distemper,  Lon.,  1756,  8vo. 
Probably  the  same  as  DAVID  DESCHERNY,  M.D.,  q.  v. 

Esdaile,  James,  M.D.  1.  Christian  Theology,  Lon., 
8vo.  2.  Mesmerism  in  India;  and  its  Practical  Applica 
tion  in  Surgery  and  Medicine,  fp.  8vo. 

"From  eight  months'  mesmeric  treatment  in  a  country  charity- 
hospital  in  Bengal,  Dr.  Esdaile  attests  its  efficacy  in  rendering  sur 
gical  operations  painless,  and  aiding  medical  applications  in  every 
form." — Lon.  Library  Gazette. 

3.  Letters  from  the  Red  Sea,  Egypt,  and  the  Continent, 
Calcutta,  1839,  8vo.     4.  Natural  and  Mesmeric  Clairvoy 
ance,  1852,  12mo. 

Esling,  Catherine  H.  W.,  formerly  Miss  Water 
man,  was  born  in  Philadelphia  in  1812.  In  1840  she  was 
married  to  Mr.  Esling  of  Philadelphia.  As  a  contributor 
to  the  periodicals  of  the  day  Miss  Waterman  obtained  great 
and  deserved  celebrity.  In  1850  Mrs.  Esling  pub.  The 
Broken  Bracelet  and  other  Poems,  Phila.,  12mo. 

"  Her  poems  are  the  expressions  of  a  true  woman's  soul:  she 
excels  in  portraying  feeling,  and  iu  expressing  the  warm  and  ten 
der  emotions  of  one  to  whom  home  has  ever  been  the  lodestar  of 
the  soul.  In  pathos  and  delicacy  she  has  few  equals." — Mrs.  Hates 
Woman's  Record. 

Espagne,  John  d',  a  French  Protestant  divine,  mi 
nister  of  the  French  Church  in  London  temp.  James  I.  and 
Charles  L,  pub.  several  theolog.  treatises,  1640-57,  the  best 
known  of  which  is  Popular  Errors  in  the  knowledge  of 
Religion,  Lon.,  1648,  8vo. 

Espinasse,  Isaac,  of  Gray's  Inn.  1.  Law  of  Actions 
and  Trials  at  Nisi  Prius,  Lon.,  1789,  2  vols.  8vo;  4th  ed., 
1812,  2  vols.  8vo ;  Phila.,  1791 ;  N.  York,  1811,  2  vols.  8vo; 

522,  2  vols.  8vo.  2.  Reports  of  Cases  at  Nisi  Prius,  Lon., 
1793-1811,  6  vols.  r.  8vo;  Hartford,  with  Notes  by  Thomas 
Day,  1808,  6  vols.  8vo ;  1825.  3.  Law  of  Actions  on  Penal 
Statutes,  Lon.,  1813,  r.  8vo ;  1818,  '24 ;  N.  York,  1822,  8vo. 
4.  Laws  of  Actions  on  Statutes,  remedial,  penal,  &c.,  Lon., 

1824,  r.  8vo.     5.  Evidence  for  Trials  at  Nisi  Prius,  2d  ed., 

1825,  8vo;  Phila.,  1822,  8vo.     6.  Peel's  Acts,  Ac.,  Lon., 
1827,  8vo.     7.  Cases  of  the  County  of  Dublin,  1827,  8vo. 

Espinasse,  James.  Law  of  Bankrupts  as  altered 
by  6  Geo.  IV.  c.  16,  Lon.,  1825,  r.  8vo. 

Espy,  James  P.,  b.  1785,  in  Washington  oo.,  Penna. 
The  Philosophy  of  Storms,  Boston,  1841,  8vo.  Mr.  Espy 
investigates  the  theories  of  Col.  Reid,  Dr.  Piddington,  Ac. 

"  As  a  connected  chain  of  cause  and  effect  in  the  production  of 


storms  and  other  similar  meteors,  Mr.  Espy 's  theory  is  the  most 
complete  that  has  hitherto  been  brought  forward,  and  it  may  be 
come  the  one  adopted  to  explain  a  vast  mass  of  meteorological 
phenomena." — Lon.  Literary  Gazette. 

"  Mr.  Kspy's  communication  contains  a  great  number  of  well- 
observed  and  well-described  facts.  His  theory,  in  the  present  state 
of  science,  aloneaccounts  for  the  phenomena ;  and,  when  completed, 
as  Mr.  Espy  intends,  by  the  study  of  the  action  of  electricity  when 
it  intervenes,  will  leave  nothing  to  be  desired.  In  a  word,  for  phy 
sical  geography,  agriculture,  navigation,  and  meteorology,  it  gives 
us  new  explanations,  indications  useful  for  ulterior  researches, 
and  redresses  many  accredited  errors." — Conclusion  of  the  Report 
of  the.  Academy  of  Sciences  (Paris)  on  iht,  labours  of  J.  P.  Espy,  con 
cerning  Tornudoes,  dx.  Cwnmittee,  Messieurs  Arago,  I'uuilltt,  Bz- 
'net  Reporter. 

Essex,  Arthur  Capel,  Earl  of.     See  CAPEL. 

Essex,  James,  1723-1784,  an  eminent  English  archi 
tect,  a  native  of  Cambridge,  pub.  some  papers  in  the  Archaeol. 
and  Bibl.  Top.  Brit.,  and  two  Letters,  Cainb.,  1749,  8vo; 
Lon.,  1787,  4to.  See  Nichols's  Literary  Anecdotes. 

Essex,  John.  1.  Country  Dances,  Lon.,  1710,  8vo. 
2.  The  Young  Ladies'  Conduct,  1722,  8vo. 

Essex, Robert Devereux,Earl  of.  See  DEVEREUX. 

Essex, Walter Devereux,Earl  of.  See  DEVEREUX. 

Est,  Wm.  Serms.,  Lon.,  1611,  '14,  8vo.  Lect.  on  St. 
James,  1616,  8vo.  Pirckheiiner's  Laus  Podagra)  trans,  into 
English,  1617,  4to. 

Estcourt,  Richard,  1668-1713,  a  native  of  Tewkes- 
bury,  acquired  considerable  reputation  as  a  comic  actor, 
and  is  frequently  mentioned  in  the  Taller  and  Spectator. 
1.  Fair  Example;  a  Comedy,  1706,  4to.  2.  Prunella;  an 
Interlude,  4to. 

Este,  Rev.  Charles,  1753-1829,  abandoned  the  stage 
for  the  study  of  medicine,  and  the  latter  for  divinity. 

1.  Tracts  on  Medical  Subjects,  Lon.,  1776,  8vo.     2.  My 
own  Life,  1787,  8vo.     3.  A  Journey  in  1793  through  Flan 
ders,  Brabant,  and  Germany,  to  Switzerland,  1795,  8vo. 
He  was  joint  editor  and  proprietor  of  the  periodical  called 
The  World. 

Este,  John.  Bookes  of  Madrigals,  Anthems,  Ac., 
1604,  '10,  '18,  '24,  '38. 

Este,  M.  L.  1.  Royal  Institution,  Ac.,  Lon.,  1810, 
8vo.  2.  Contagious  Diseases,  Baths,  Swimming,  Ac.,  1812, 
8vo. 

Este,  Michael.    Madrigals,  Lon.,  1604,  Ac. 

Estey,  George.  Certaine  godly  and  learned  Expo 
sitions  upon  divers  parts  of  Scripture,  Lon.,  1603,  4to. 

Estlin,  John  l*rior,  LL.1X,  a  Unitarian  preacher. 
Evidences  of  Revealed  Religion.  Serms.,  Discourses,  Ac., 
1791-1815. 

"  His  sermons  were  much  and  justly  admired  for  the  classical 
purity  and  elegance  of  their  style;  he  treated  his  subjects  with 
perspicuity,  and  adorned  argument  with  all  the  attractions  of  genu 
ine  pathos."  Vide  Life. 

Eston,  John.  The  Falling  Stars;  or  the  Dragon's 
bringing  down  and  trampling  upon  Heavenly  Glory,  Lon., 
1653. 

Estrange,  L'.     See  L'ESTRANOE. 

Estwick,  Nicholas.     Serins.,  Ac.,  Lon.,  1633-56. 

Estwick,  Samuel,  LL.D.     1.  Serm.,  Lon.,  1696,  4to. 

2.  Negro  Cause,  1772,  8vo.     3.  Letter  to  Dean  Tucker  rel. 
to  the  war  with  America,  1776,  8vo. 

"  Mr.  Estwick  is  an  acute  reasoner  and  an  entertaining  writer; 
and  a  warm  and  zealous  advocate  for  the  Americans." — Rich's  Bibl. 
Amer.  Nova. 

Ethelred.     See  AILRED  OF  RIEVATJX. 

Ethelston,  Rev.  Charles  W.  Ode,  1803, 4to.  The 
Suicide ;  with  other  Poems,  1804,  8vo.  Address  on  Schools, 
1812,  4to. 

Ethelward,  who  was  alive  in  1090,  is  known  by  a 
history  of  the  Anglo-Saxons,  in  four  books,  ending  with 
the  reign  of  King  Edgar.  See  Rerum  Anglicanum  Scrip- 
tores  post  Bedam  prsecipui,  (edited  by  Savile,)  fol.,  Francf., 
1601,  pp.  831-850.  Chronicorum  Ethelwerdi  Libri  Qua- 
tuor.  Ethelward's  work  is  of  little  value: 

"The  whole  is  a  translation  of  a  very  false  and  imperfect  copy 
of  the  Saxon  Chronicle:  and  therefore  William  of  Malmesbury  has 
modestly,  out  of  defence  to  his  family,  [the  author  tells  us  that  he 
was  descended  from  Ethelred,  the  brother  of  King  Alfred,]  declined 
the  giving  a  character  of  this  writer's  performance.  If  he  had  done 
it  truly,  he  ought  to  have  told  us  that  his  stile  is  boisterous,  and 
that  several  parts  of  his  history  are  not  so  much  as  hardly  sense." 
—  Bp.  Nicolsoris  Eng.  Hist.  Lib.,  xl. 

Ethelwold,  supposed  to  have  been  born  about  925, 
d.  984,  a  native  of  Winchester,  was  called  by  his  contempo 
raries  the  Father  of  Monks.  In  963  he  was  consecrated 
Bishop  of  Winchester.  He  is  best  known  as  a  writer  by 
his  trans,  into  Anglo-Saxon  of  the  Rule  of  Monastic  Life, 
drawn  up  in  Latin  by  St.  Benedict.  See  Wright's  Biog. 
Brit.  Lit.,  and  authorities  there  cited. 

Ethelwolf,  b.  before  770,  was  an  inmate  of  a  small 
monastery  dependent  on  the  larger  one  of  Liudisfarne. 


ETH 


EUS 


He  wrote  a  metrical  history  of  the  abbots  and  other  emi 
nent  persons  of  his  monastery  to  the  time  of  Egbert, 
Bishop  of  Lindisfarne,  802-819. 

"The  only  English  writer  of  the  beginning  of  the  ninth  century 
whom  we  can  trace  with  any  degree  of  certainty,  is  an  Anglo- 
Latin  poet  named  Etbelwolf,  of  whom  we  have  no  further  informa 
tion  than  that  which  is  contained  in  the  only  one  of  Iiis  poems 
now  extant.  .  .  .  This  poem  is  valuable  chiefly  as  a  document  of 
history  :  but,  though  it  has  little  merit,  it  is  interesting  as  the 
only  specimen  we  have  of  the  Anglo-Latin  poetry  of  that  period." 
—  WrighCt  Bwg.  Brit.  Lit.,  q.  v. 

Etherege,  Sir  George,  born  about  1636,  supposed 
to  have  died  about  1690,  is  said  to  have  studied  for  some 
time  at  the  University  of  Cambridge.  Whilst  yet  young 
he  travelled  on  the  continent,  and  on  his  return  devoted 
some  time  to  legal  pursuits.  But,  like  Tom  D'Urfey,  whom 
in  many  points  he  greatly  resembled,  he  soon  forsook  the 
Law  for  the  Drama.  In  1664  he  produced  his  comedy  of 
The  Comical  Revenge;  or,  Love  in  a  Tub,  1664,  '68,  '69, 
71,  '89,  '90,  '93,  4to.  This  piece  was  successful,  and  intro 
duced  him  into  the  society  of  a  set  of  dissolute  idlers  who 
then  disgraced  English  society  —  the  Earl  of  Dorset,  the 
Duke  of  Buckingham,  Lord  Rochester,  Sir  Charles  Sedley, 
Ac.  He  next  brought  out  the  comedy  of  She  Would  if 
She  Could,  1668,  '71,  '89,  '90,  '93,  4to.  This  was  succeeded 
by  his  best-  known  piece,  the  comedy  of  The  Man  of  Mode; 
or,  Sir  Fopling  Flutter,  1676,  4to;  1715,  8vo. 

"  It  is  perhaps  the  most  elegant  comedy,  and  contains  more  of 
the  real  manners  of  high  life  than  any  one  the  English  stage  was 
ever  adorned  with."—  Biog.  Lh-amat. 

"  Sir  George  Etherege  was  as  thorough  a  fop  as  ever  I  saw;  he 
was  exactly  his  own  Sir  Fopling  Flutter.  And  yet  he  designed 
Dorimant,  the  genteel  rake  of  wit,  for  his  own  picture."—  L.  See 
Spence's  Anecdotes. 

In  1722,  8vo,  appeared  a  Defence  of  the  Comedy  of  Sir 
Fopling  Flutter.  He  pub.  a  short  prose  piece  entitled  An 
Account  of  the  Rejoycing  at  the  Diet  of  Ratisbonne,  per 
formed  by  Sir  George  Etherege,  Knight,  Ac.,  Savoy,  1688. 
Works,  containing  his  Plays  and  Poems,  Lon.,  1704,  8vo. 
Sir  George  was  resident  minister  at  Ratisbon,  and  it  is  said 
that  after  a  gay  evening  party  given  by  him  in  that  city, 
he  fell  down  stairs  and  broke  his  neck  while  taking  leave 
of  his  guests.  Gibbon,  indeed,  asserts  that  he  returned  to 
England  after  the  Revolution,  and  died  there.  The  ac 
counts  also  differ  as  regards  the  manner  in  which  he  came 
to  be  knighted;  but  these  are  matters  of  small  moment. 
He  seems  to  have  been  equally  devoid  of  principle  and 
careless  of  propriety,  without  any  just  sense  of  religion  or 
morality,  and  one  of  those  abandoned  writers  who,  by 
public  proclamation  of  their  licentiousness  and  indecency, 
may  be  truly  said  to  "glory  in  their  shame." 

Even  the  Biog.  Dramat.—  by  no  means  a  rigid  critic  — 
acknowledges  that 

"His  works  have  not  escaped  censure,  on  account  of  that  licen 
tiousness  which  in  the  general  runs  through  them,  which  renders 
them  dangerous  to  young,  unguarded  minds;  and  the  more  so  for 
the  lively  and  genuine  wit  with  which  it  is  gilded  over,  and  which 
has  therefore  justly  banished  them  from  the  purity  of  the  present 
stage."—  Vol.  L,  Part  1,  223. 

Would  that  of  such  troubles  to  society  we  had  seen  the 
last! 

Etherington,  Rev.  George.  General  Cautions  in 
the  Cure  of  Fevers,  Lon.,  1760,  8vo.  This  is  a  compila 
tion  from  the  writings  of  Dr.  Huxbam  and  other  eminent 
physicians. 

"  Such  a  compilation,  however  judicious,  can  avail  but  little  in 
5?ee  S?i*  28**"  f  °f  *  regular  medical  education."—  ion.  Monthly 

Etherington,  George  F.,  M.D.  1.  Essays,  Medi 
cal  and  Scientific,  Lon.,  1841,  12mo.  2.  Vivisection  Vindi 
cated,  1842,  8vo. 

"Dr.  Etherington,  by  the  labour  he  has  bestowed,  the  keen 
observation,  and  calm,  critical  judgment,  has  evidently  proved 
himself  a  man  of  talent,"  &c.—  Nottingham  Review. 

Etherington,  Thomas.    Fast  Serm.,  1808,  8vo. 

Ethryg,  or  Etheridge,  or,  in  Latin,  Edrycus,  ad 
mitted  of  Corpus  Christi  Coll.,  Oxf.,  1534,  was  made  Pro 
bationer  Fellow  in  1539,  and  Regius  Prof,  of  Greek  in 
1553.  Acta  Henrici  Octavis  Carmine  Greco.  Eneidos, 
Ac.,  1553,  8vo.  He  trans,  the  Psalms  into  Hebrew  verse, 
trans,  the  works  of  Justin  Martyr  into  Latin,  and  pub.  a 
vol.  of  Commentaries  on  Paulus  JSginete,  1688,  8vo.  He 
was  a  zealous  Roman  Catholic,  and  had  under  his  charge 
a  number  of  youth  of  his  own  persuasion. 

"Esteemed  a  noted  mathematician,  well  skilled  in  vocal  and 
Instrumental  music,  an  eminent  Hebritian,  Grecian,  and  poet. 
and,  above  all,  an  excellent  physician.  .  .  John  Leland  who 


1.  A  Survey  of  the  Turkish  Empire,  Lon.,  1798,  '99,  1801. 
'09,  8vo. 

"  A  work  remarkable  for  nothing  but  the  enthusiasm  with  which 
the  author  maintains  the  necessity  of  bringing  about  the  restora 
tion  of  the  Greeks."—  Lowndes's  Bill.  Man. 

2.  Materials  for  Hist,  of  People  of  Malta,  pub.  in  NOB., 
1802-07,  8vo.  3.  Commerce  and  Navigation  of  the  Black 
I  Sea,  1806,  8vo  ;  anon.  4.  Letter  on  the  Political  Relations 
of  Russia,  1807,  8vo. 

Etongh,  Henry,  Rector  of  Therfield,  Hertfordshire. 
Letter  to  the  Author  of  Christianity  not  founded  on  Argu 
ment,  Lon.,  1742,  8vo.,  pp.  43. 

Ettrick,  Henry.     Surg.  con.  to  Phil.  Trans.,  1740. 

Ettrick,  Rev.  W.  1.  The  Second  Exodus,  Lon., 
1810,  2  vols.  8vo;  1811-12,  3  vols.  8vo;  1815,  3  vols.  8vo. 

2.  The  Season  and  Time,  1816,  8vo.     These  works  relate 
to  Scriptural  prophecy. 

Euderbie.     See  ENDERBIE,  PERCY. 

Euer,  or  Ever,  Sampson,  King's  Attorney  in  the 
Marches  of  Wales,  and  King's  Serjeant  Doctrina  Placi- 
tandi,  ou  1'art  et  science  de  Bon  Pleading,  Lon.,  1677,  4to: 
Dubl.,  1791,  8vo. 

"The  good  sense  and  sound  logick  of  modern  times  has  substi 
tuted  for  the  artificial  pedantry  and  narrow  maxims  of  the  dark  ages 
of  the  law,  rules  which  commend  themselves  to  all  men  by  their  in- 
trinsick  propriety  and  excellence  for  deciding  contested  rights.  The 
best  ancient  treatise  on  the  subject  is  Mr.Euer's  Doctrina  Placitandi, 
a  book  which  Lord  Chief  Justice  Willes  pronounced  in  his  time 
to  contain  more  law  and  learning  than  any  other  book  he  knew, 
(2  Wils.  R.  88  ;)  yet  what  is  this,  when  compared  with  the  finished 
elementary  and  practical  treatises  of  Mr.  Lawes  or  Mr.  Cbitty? 
It  were  indeed  desirable  that  modern  pleaders  should  endeavour 
to  imitate  more  generally  the  pointed  brevity  and  precision  of 
Rastall's  Entries,  and  waste  fewer  words  in  their  drafts  of  decla 
ration-.  which 

'  Like  a  wounded  snake  drag  their  slow  length  along.' 
"It  might  not  be  useless  for  them  to  consider,  that  the  great  aim 
ought  to  be,  not  how  much,  but  how  little,  may  be  inserted  with 
professional  safety."—  JUDGE  STORY,  in  a  review  of  Hoffman  't  Leaal 
Study,  N.  Amer.  Jfev.,  645-78,  Nm).  1817. 

Let  every  member  of  the  legal  profession  carefully  peruse 
this  valuable  paper. 

A  system  of  Pleading,  including  a  Trans,  of  the  Doctrina 
Placitandi,  By  a  Gentleman  of  the  Middle  Temple,  1771,  4to. 

Eunson,  G.  The  Ancient  and  Present  State  of  Ork 
ney,  and  Poems,  Newc.  upon  Tyne,  1788,  12mo. 

Eusden,  Lawrence,  d.  1730,  a  son  of  the  Rev.  Dr. 
Eusden,  Rector  of  Spotsworth,  Yorkshire,  after  receiving 
his  education  at  Trin.  Coll.,  Camb.,  went  into  orders,  and 
was  for  some  time  chaplain  to  Richard,  Lord  Willoughby 
de  Broke.  He  found  warm  friends  in  Lord  Halifax,  whose 
poem  On  the  Battle  of  the  Boyne  he  trans,  into  Latin,  and 
in  the  Duke  of  Newcastle,  whose  marriage  to  Lady  Godol- 
phin  he  celebrated  in  an  Epithalamium,  which  raised  the 
author  to  the  laureateship  in  1718.  He  pub.  a  number  of 
occasional  poems,  contributed  a  few  pieces  to  the  Spectator 
and  Guardian,  and  left  in  MS.  a  trans,  of  the  works  of 
Tasso,  with  a  life  of  the  poet  Some  specimens  of  his 
poetical  abilities  will  be.  found  in  Nichols's  Poems.  Of 
course  he  did  not  wear  the  honours  of  the  laurel  without 
eliciting  the  enmity  of  his  brother  poets.  Pope  put  him 
in  the  Dunciad,  Oldmixon  attacked  him  in  his  Art  of  Logic 
and  Rhetoric,  and  Cooke  thus  refers  to  him  in  The  Battle 
of  the  Poets  : 

"  Eusden,  a  laurel'd  bard,  by  fortune  rais'd,. 
By  few  been  read,  by  fewer  still  been  praia'd." 

We  are  sorry  to  learn,  from  a  letter  of  Gray's  to  Mason, 
that  Eusden  injured  his  mind  by  the  great  enemy  of  poets 
—  the  "generous  bottle."  The  Duke  of  Buckingham,  in 
his  Session  of  the  Poets,  implies  that  the  fame  of  the  poet- 
laureate  was  rather  circumscribed  : 

'  •  In  rushed  Ensden,  and  cried,  •  Who  shall  have  it 
But  I,  the  true  laureat.  to  whom  the  king  gave  it?'    ' 
Apollo  begg'd  pardon,  and  granted  hi«  claim, 
But  vow'd  that  till  then  he  ne'er  had  heard  his  name  " 

Eustace,  Evans.     Serms.,  1747,  4to. 

Eustace,  John  Chetwode,  a  R.  Catholic  divine, 
travelled  in  Italy  in  the  capacity  of  a  tutor.  He  died  of  a 
fever  at  Naples,  1815,  whilst  making  a  second  tour  through 
Italy.  1.  Elegy  to  Burke,  1797,  4to.  2.  Answer  to  the 
Charge  of  the  Bp.  of  Lincoln,  1813,  4to.  3.  Classical  Tour 
through  Italy,  Lon.,  1813,  2  vols.  4to;  4th  ed.,  1815,  4  vols. 
8vo;  6th  ed.,  with  addits.,  1821,  4  vols.  8vo. 

^''^"^f8^  W0rk  fa  Tery  ful1  and  minnt«  »n  the  subject 
which  the  title  indicates.  It  is  written  in  good  taste,  but  in 
rather  a  prolix  style;  bis  statement*,  however,  are  not  always  to 


'  Scripsisti,  juvenis,  multa  cum  laude  Hbellos, 
Qni  regi  eximie  perplacuere  meo.'  "—  Atf.en.  Oxm. 
JSton,  Win.,  long  a  resident  in  Turkey  and  Russia. 


"One  of  the  most  inaccurate  and  trasatfc&ctory  writers  that 
have  in  our  times  attained  a  temporary  reputation."—  Si*  Jomr 
CAM  HOBHOUSI:. 

Yet  the  tour  of  Mr.  Eustace  is  well  worth  perusal,  and 
the  reader  should  then  take  up  A  Classical  Tour  through 


EUS 


EVA 


Italy  and  Sicily — tending  to  illustrate  some  Districts  which 
have  not  been  described  by  Mr.  Eustace  in  his  Classical 
Tour— by  Sir  Richard  Colt  Hoare,  Bart,  1819,  2  vols.  4to. 
An  ed.  in  3  vols.  8vo. 

"It  has  been  a  topic  of  general  regret  in  the  literary  world,  that 
Mr.  Eustace  did  not  live  to  furnish  the  Supplementary  Volume  to 
his  Classical  Tour,  so  as  to  form  a  complete  work  on  the  present 
and  past  state  of  Italy,  for  which  he  was  engaged  in  collecting 
materials  at  the  period  of  his  premature  decease.  But  what  Mr. 
Eustace  did  not  live  to  accomplish,  Sir  Richard  Colt  Hoare  has 
executed,  and  in  such  a  manner  as,  it  is  hoped,  will  be  at  once 
acceptable  to  the  public,  and  gratifying  to  the  numerous  friends 
of  Mr.  Eustace,  as  a  tribute  of  respect  to  his  genius  and  of  affec 
tion  to  his  memory." 

4.  Letters  from  Paris  to  George  Petre,  Esq. 

Eustace,  John  Skey,  d.  1805,  aged  45,  a  military 
officer  during  the  American  Revolution,  after  the  war  re 
sided  for  some  time  in  Georgia,  where  he  received  the 
appointment  of  Adjutant-General.  In  1794  he  visited 
France,  and,  entering  the  army,  became  Major-General. 
In  1797  he  commanded  a  division  of  the  French  Army  in 
Flanders.  He  returned  to  America  in  1800,  and,  settling 
in  Orange  county,  N.  York,  devoted  his  attention  to  lite 
rary  pursuits  until  his  death  in  1805,  at  Newburgh.  Ac 
count  of  his  Exile  from  the  Kingdom  of  Great  Britain  by 
order  of  the  Duke  of  Portland,  Lon.,  1797,  8vo. 

Eustace,  Sir  Maurice.  1.  Letter  from  rel.  to  Irish 
Parliament,  Lon.,  1642,  4to.  2.  Letter  from  rel.  to  Ireland, 
1642,  4to. 

Evance,  Daniel.  Serm.,  Lon.,  1646;  do.,  1695,  4to. 
Ivsta  Honoraria ;  or,  Funeral  Rites  in  honour  of  Robert, 
Earl  of  Essex,  1646,  4to,  in  verse. 

Evance,  Miss  S.    Poems,  1808,  Svo. 

Evander,  John.  A  Voyage  round  the  World;  or,  A 
Pocket  Library,  Lon.,  8vo. 

Evanke,  George,  incumbent  of  Ayton  Magna,  York 
shire,  ejected  for  Nonconformity,  1662.  Serm.,  1663,  4to. 

Evans,  Abel,  of  St.  John's  Coll.,  Oxf.,  enjoyed  great 
reputation  as  an  epigrammatist.  Some  of  his  poems  will  be 
found  in  Nichols's  Select  Collection.  See  especially  the 
satire  on  Tindal,  entitled  The  Apparition,  and  Vertumnus, 
an  Epistle  to  Mr.  Jacob  Bobart,  1713.  Evans  is  mentioned 
in  the  Dunciad,  and  he  is  classed  among  the  Oxford  wits 
in  the  following  couplet: 
"Alma  novem  genuit  celebres  Rhedycina  poetas; 

But  Stubb,  Cobb,  Crabb,  Trapp,  Young,  Carey,  Tickell,  Evans." 

Evans,  Rev.  Alfred  Bowen.  Christianity  in  its 
Homely  Aspects,  1852,  12mo. 

Evans,  Arise,  or  Rice,  or,  according  to  Wood,  John, 
was  a  Welsh  conjurer  and  astrologer,  of  whom  many  won 
derful  stories  have  been  related.  Watt  enumerates  nine 
pieces  of  his,  and  Wood  refers  to  some  almanacs,  Ac.  See 
Bibl.  Brit.,  Athen.  Oxon.,  and  Nichols's  Literary  Anecdotes. 
Bishop  Warburton  treats  Evans  as  a  prophet,  and  in 
1751  (12mo)  pub.  An  Account  of  the  Prophecies  of  Arise 
Evans,  the  Welsh  Prophet,  in  the  last  century.  This 
publication  injured  the  bishop's  literary  reputation  con 
siderably. 

Evans,  Arthur  B.  Serms.  on  the  Christian  Life  and 
Character,  Lon.,  1832,  8vo. 

"  There  is  a  strength  and  vigour  in  his  delineations,  and  an  effi 
caciousness  in  his  arguments,  which  will  bear  comparison  with 
the  most  splendid  specimens  of  our  old,  sterling,  matter-of-fact 
theologians." — Lon.  Vhris.  Rememb. 

Other  works. 

Evans,  C.     See  EVANS,  OLIVER. 

Evans,  Caleb,  D.D.,  1737-1791,  a  Baptist  minister, 
a  native  of  Bristol,  England,  pub.  several  serms.,  &c.,  and 
some  pieces  on  the  war  between  Great  Britain  and  the 
American  Colonies.  See  Watt's  Bibl.  Brit.,  and  Rich's 
Bibl.  Amer.  Nova. 

A  Letter  to  the  Rev.  John  Wesley,  occasioned  by  his 
Calm  Address  to  the  American  Colonies;  new  ed,,  Lon., 
1775,  12mo;  1st  ed.  pnb.  under  the  signature  of  America- 
nus.  A  sup.  to  1st  ed.,  by  another  party,  was  pub.  in  1775. 
A  Reply  to  the  Rev.  Mr.  Fletcher's  Vindication  of  Rev. 
Mr.  Wesley's  Calm  Address,  Bristol,  1776,  12mo. 

"Mr.  Evans  is  a  lively  and  sensible  advocate  for  the  freedom 
of  the  colonies,  a  spirited  controvertist,  and  a  zealous  asserter  of 
those  liberal  and  noble  principles  to  which  we  were  indebted  for  the 
glorious  revolution,"  &c.  See  Rich's  Bibl.  Amer.  Nova,  1776,  No.  79. 

Evans,  Charles.  Trial  of  Judge  Chase,  Bait,  1805, 
8vo. 

Evans,  Christmas.  Serms.;  a  new  trans,  from  the 
Welsh ;  and  Memoir  of,  by  Rev.  Joseph  Cross,  Phila.,  1854, 
8vo.  Memoirs  of,  by  D.  Phillips,  N.  York.  Memoirs  of 
by  D.  R.  Stephen,  Lon.,  12mo. 

Evans,  D.  L.,  Lt.-Col.,  is  the  signature  appended  to 
Facts  relating  to  the  Capture  of  Washington,  <fcc    Lon 
1829,  8vo. 
564 


Evans,  David.     Serm.,  1808,  8vo. 

Evans,  Mrs.  E.  H.  Poems,  with  a  Preface  by  her 
brother,  the  Rev.  Thomas  H.  Stockton,  Phila.,  1851,  12mo. 

Evans,  Edmund  C.,  M.D.  Trans,  from  the  French, 
General  Notions  of  Chemistry,  by  J.  Pelouze  and  E.  Fremy, 
Phila.,  1854,  12mo. 

Evans,  Edward.     Sub.  of  4  Serms.,  Oxon.,  1615, 4to. 

Evans,  Evan,  1730-1790,  a  Welsh  divine  and  poet, 
was  educated  at  Jesus  Coll.,  Oxf.  Dissertatio  de  Bardis; 
or,  Some  Specimens  of  the  Poetry  of  the  Ancient  Welsh 
Bards,  trans,  into  English,  with  Notes,  &c.  The  Love  of 
Our  Country;  a  Poem,  with  Hist.  Notes,  1772,  4to.  Some 
of  his  pieces  are  in  the  Diddaniock  Tenluaidd.  He  trans, 
two  vols.  of  Serms.,  by  Tillotson  and  others,  into  Welsh. 

Evans,  Rev.  G.  W.  D.  1.  Classic  and  Connoisseur 
in  Italy  and  Sicily,  with  an  abridged  trans,  of  Lanzi's 
Storia  Pittorica,  Lon.,  1835,  3  vols.  8vo.  This  work  should 
be  added  to  the  classical  tours  of  Eustace  and  Hoare,  (vide 
ante.)  2.  Lanzi's  Luminaries  of  Painting,  trans,  and 
abridg.  from  the  Italian,  1848,  p.  8vo. 

Evans,  Hugh.     Serms.,  1773,  '81. 

Evans,  Hugh  Davy,  LL.D.,  b.  1792,  in  Baltimore. 
1.  Essay  on  Pleading,  Bait.,  1827,  8vo.  2.  Maryland 
Common-Law  Practice,  1839,  8vo.  3.  Essays  to  Prove 
the  Validity  of  Anglican  Ordinations,  1844,  12mo.  4. 
Second  Series,  1851,  2  vols.  5.  Essay  on  the  Episcopate 
of  the  Prot.  Epis.  Church  of  the  U.S.  of  America,  Phila., 
1855,  12mo.  Ed.  of  and  contrib.  to  several  Epis.  journals. 

Evans,  Israel,  d.  1817,  aged  59,  minister  of  Concord, 
N.  Hampshire,  was  a  native  of  Pennsylvania,  where  his 
father  and  grandfather  were  divines.  He  graduated  at 
Princeton  College,  1772,  was  ordained,  1776,  and  served 
in  the  Revolutionary  War  as  chaplain ;  minister  at  Con 
cord,  1789-97.  He  pub.  three  sermons  and  an  oration, 
1780,  '83,  '91,  Ac. 

Evans,  J.  Conjugation  of  French  Verbs,  Lon.,  1795, 
8vo. 

Evans,  James  Harrington,  1785-1849,  Baptist 
minister  of  John  Street  Chapel,  London.  1.  Dialogues 
on  the  Trinity,  Lon.,  1819, 8vo.  Subsequently  disapproved 
of  and  suppressed  by  the  author.  2.  Letters  to  a  Friend, 
12mo.  3.  Serms.  on  the  Spirit  of  Holiness,  4th  ed.,  1859, 
12mo. 

"  Every  page  is  calculated  to  awaken  prayer  and  holy  meditation. 
We  cordially  recommend  it." — Lon.  Christian  Lady's  Mag. 

4.  Letters,  32mo.  5.  Serm.,  1837.-  6.  Psalms  and  Hymns, 
ISmo.  7.  Checks  to  Infidelity,  1840,  18mo.  See  notices 
in  Lon.  New  Method.  Mag.,  and  the  Evangel.  Mag.  8. 
Vintage  Gleanings,  1849,  r.  32mo;  2d  ed.,  1850.  Memoirs 
and  Remains  of,  by  his  son,  the  Rev.  J.  J.  Evans,  1852,  Svo. 

Evans,  John.     Almanacke  for  1631,  Lon.,  12mo. 

Evans,  John.  The  Universall  Medicine;  or,  Vertues 
of  the  Antimoniall  Cup,  Lon.,  1634,  12mo. 

Evans,  John,  Rector  of  St.  Ethelborough,  London. 
Serm.  on  Phil.  iv.  5,  1682,  4to. 

Evans,  John,  D.D.,  1680-1730,  a  dissenting  divine, 
a  native  of  Wrexham,  Denbigh  shire,  became  assistant,  and 
subsequently  successor,  to  Daniel  Williams,  in  London. 
He  pub.  occasional  serms.,  letters,  <fec.,  1704-27,  but  is  best 
known  by  Discourses  concerning  the  Christian  Temper: 
38  Serms.,  4th  ed.,  1729,  2  vols.  Svo;  1738,  '52,  '55,  '70, 
1802,  '12,  with  Life,  by  Dr.  John  Erskine,  1825,  Svo.  Few 
works  have  been  so  highly  commended. 

"  That  most  excellent  Treatise  called  Christian  Temper,  which 
my  worthy  friend  Dr.  Evans  hath  sent  abroad,  and  which  is,  per 
haps,  the  most  complete  summary  of  those  duties  which  make  up 
the  Christian  life,  that  hath  been  published  in  our  age." — Dr. 
Watts' s  Sermons. 

"  Evans's  style  is  grave,  plain,  manly,  and  nervous.  His  Chris 
tian  Temper  is  one  of  the  best  practical  pieces  in  our  language." — 

DR.  DODDRIDGE. 

"  A  course  of  excellent  sermons  on  that  subject." — Dr.  E.  Wil 
liams' s  C.  P. 

"His  sermons  fully  discuss  various  points  of  Christian  temper; 
not  enough  of  the  Saviour  in  them." — Bicltersteth' 's  C.  S. 

Evans,  John.  The  Case  of  Kneeling  at  the  Holy 
Sacrament  stated  and  resolved,  Pt.  1,  Lon.,  1683,  4to;  Pts. 
1  and  2,  1684,  '85,  4to.  Serm.,  1695,  Svo,  on  the  Death  of 
Queen  Mary. 

Evans,  John,  of  Elwell.     Serm.,  1718,  Svo. 

Evans,  John.     Serm.,  Lon.,  1751. 

Evans,  John.  Cyssondel  y  Pedair  Effengyl;  gyd  ag 
agoriad  hyrra  Nodau  Athrawas;  or,  A  Harmony  of  the 
Four  Gospels;  in  Welsh.  With  an  Expos.,  Annot.,  and 
Introduc.,  Lon.,  1764,  Svo. 

Evans,  John,  M.D.  The  Bees,  a  Poem,  Lon.,  1806- 
13,  4to.  Con.  to  Med.  Com.,  1778-85. 

Evans,  John.  1.  Tour  through  part  of  North  Wales 
I  in  1798  and  at  other  Times,  Lon.,  1800,  8vo.  2.  Letters 


EVA 

written  during  a  Tour  through  South  Wales  in  1803  and 
at  other  Times,  1804,  8vo. 

"  These  works  are  valuable  for  botanical  information  as  well  as 
for  descriptions  of  scenery,  manners,  agriculture,  manufactures, 
antiquities,  &c.,  and  for  mineralogy."— Stevenson's  Voyages  and 
Travels. 

3.  A  Discourse,  1804,  8vo.  4.  The  Ponderer;  a  series  of 
Essays,  1812,  12mo.  5.  Remains  of  Mr.  Reed,  with  Life, 
<fcc.,  1816,  8vo. 

Evans,  John,  LL.D.,  1767-1827,  a  Baptist  minister, 
a  native  of  Usk,  Monmouthshire,  was  from  1792  to  1827 
pastor  of  a  congregation  of  General  Baptists,  Worship  St., 
London.  He  pub.  many  serms.,  theolog.  and  other  works, 
for  a  list  of  which,  see  Watt's  Bibl.  Brit.,  and  Gent.  Mag., 
xcvii.,  Pt.  1,  369.  In  1797  he  pub.  An  Attempt  to  account 
for  the  Infidelity  of  the  late  Mr.  Gibbon;  founded  on  his 
own  Memoirs,  8vo.  His  best-known  work  is  A  Brief  Sketch 
of  the  different  Denominations  into  which  the  Christian 
World  is  divided,  1794, 12mo.  From  this  date  to  the  death 
of  the  author  fourteen  eds.,  comprising  100,000  copies,  were 
sold.  The  15th  ed.  was  revised  by  the  author  immediately 
before  his  death,  and  pub.  in  the  same  year,  18mo.  The 
18th  ed.  was  pub.  in  1841,  fp.  8vo.  It  has  been  trans,  into 
Welsh,  and  various  continental  languages,  and  several  eds. 
have  been  pub.  in  the  United  States  of  America.  Unfor 
tunately  the  author  sold  the  copyright  for  only  ten  pounds ! 
"  But  his  friends  have  administered  to  him  a  negative  consola 
tion,  by  reminding  him  that  a  similar  sum  was  paid  for  the  copy 
right  of  Watts's  Hymns,  as  well  as  of  that  gigantic  product  of  hu 
man  genius,  Paradise  Lost." — Author's  dedication  of  the  lith  ed.  to 
Lord  Erskine. 

A  correction  is  required  here,  which  we  leave  to  the  reader 
to  supply. 

In  1825,  8vo,  was  pub.  a  collection  of  Dr.  Evans's  Ser 
mons,  Funeral  Orations,  and  Tracts. 

"  We  rejoice  to  see  the  diffusion  of  works  breathing  such  a  catho 
lic  spirit  towards  the  several  denominations  of  Christians,  and  such 
a  benevolent  temper  towards  all  the  human  race."— ion.  Mon.  Rep. 
Evans,  Katherine.     Sufferings  of  K.  E.  and  Sarah 
Chevers  in  the  Inquisition  at  Malta,  1662,  4to.     History 
of  the  Voyage  of  K.  E.  and  S.  C.  to  Malta,  with  their  Suf 
ferings  in  the  Inquisition  there  for  near  four  Years,  1715. 
Evans,  Lewis.     Theolog.  treatises,  1565-1621. 
Evans,  Lewis,  d.  1756,  a  surveyor  in  Pennsylvania, 
Map   of  the  Middle   Colonies,  Ac.,  1749;  2d  ed.,  1755, 
Geograph.,  Hist.,  Polit.,  Philos.,  and  Mechanical  Essays, 
2d  ed.,  Phila.,  1755,  4to;  do.,  No.  II.,  Lon.,  1756,  4to.     A 
new  ed.  of  Evans's  Map  was  pub.  in  1776  by  Mr.  Pownall 
Evans,  Nathaniel,  1742-1767,  a  minister  in  New 
Jersey,  was  a  native  of  Philadelphia.     Poems  on  severa" 
occasions,  a  serm.,  <fec.,  1772.     Account   of  T.  Godfrey 
prefixed  to  Godfrey's  Poems. 

Evans,  Oliver,  1755-1819,  a  native  of  Pennsylvania 
was  a  descendant  of  Evan  Evans,  D.D.,  the  first  Episcopa 
minister  of  Philadelphia,  who  died  in  1728.  Mr.  Evani 
had  an  iron  foundry,  steam  mill,  <fcc.,  and  made  several  im 
provernents  in  mechanics.  The  Young  Engineer's  Guide 
1805.  Miller  and  Millwright's  Guide,  1797, 1807,  25  plates 
14th  ed.,  with  addits.  and  corrections  by  Thomas  P.  Jones 
with  a  description  of  an  improved  Merchant  Flour  Mill 
by  C.  and  0.  Evans,  Phila.,  1853,  8vo. 

Evans,  R.  H.  Old  Ballads,  Historical  and  Narrative 
Ac.,  with  Notes.  Collected  by  Thomas  Evans,  Lon.,  1777 
2  vols.  8vo ;  1784, 12mo.  Revised  by  his  eon,  R.  H.  Evans 
1810,  4  vols.  8vo. 

Evans,  Robert.     Serm.,  1771,  4to. 
Evans,  Robert.     The  Dream;  or  Noble  Cambrians 
1801,  2  vols.  12mo. 

Evans,  Robert  H.  A  Letter  on  the  Expediency  o 
a  Reform  in  Parliament,  Lon.,  1817,  8vo. 

Evans,  Robert  Wilson,  Rural  Dean,  Vicar  of  He 
versham,  and  late  Fellow  of  Trin.  Coll.,  Camb.  Biograph 
of  the  Early  Church,  1st  and  2d  series,  Lon.,  1839,  12mo 
Serms.,  1830,  8vo.  Serms.,  1832,  8vo.  Tales  of  the  An 
cient  British  Church,  2ded.,  1841, 12mo.  Parochial  Serms 
1844,  2  vols.  12mo;  2d  ed.,  1845,  '46,  2  vols.  12mo.  Bish 
opric  of  Souls,  3d  ed.,  1844,  12nio. 
"  Earnest  and  awakening,  but  with  partial  views." — Bicktrsteih. 

as. 

Ministry  of  the  Body,  1847, 12mo;  2d  ed.,  1851,  fp.  8v< 
Parochial  Sketches  in  Verse,  1850, 12mo.  Rectory  of  Vale 
head,  15th  ed.,  1852,  12mo. 

"  Universally  and  cordially  do  we  recommend  this  delightfu 
Tolume.  We  believe  no  person  could  read  this  work  and  not  b< 
the  better  for  its  pious  and  touching  lessons. — Lon.  Literary  Ga 

Mr.  Evans  has  written  a  number  of  other  useful  work 

Evans,  Smith.  Geology  Made  Easy :  a  Coloured  Cha 
of  the  Strata  pierced  by  the  Artesian  Well  at  Pentonville 
shewing  the  various  Strata  upon  which  London  is  built, 
commonly  known  as  the  London  Basin,  Lon.,  1851. 


EVA 

"This  Chart,  which  is  15  by  22  inches  in  size,  shews  the  order  in 
hich  the  different  strata  of  the  earth  lie  upon  each  other,  with 
icir  character,  localities,  and  organic  remains;  a  section  of  the 
rtesian  Well,  and  of  the  London  Basin,  and  representations  of 
he  fossils  found  in  the  deposits.     It  may  be  considered  a  good 
mpendium  of  the  geological  information  of  the  present  day." 
Evans,  Theophilus.     Drych  y  Prif  (Esoedd,  (Mir- 
our  of  the  Days  of  Yore,)  1716, 12mo.  Highly  commended, 
^ow  a  rare  volume. 

Evans,  Theophilus.  The  History  of  Modern  En- 
husiasrn,  from  the  Reformation  to  the  present  time,  Lon., 
752,  8vo. 

Evans,  Thomas.     (Edipus,  in  three  Cantos,  16-5. 
Evans,  Thomas.     Refutation  of  Linguet's  Memoirs 
if  the  Bastile,  1783,  8vo.    Letter  to  Earl  of  Sandwich,  1791. 
Evans,  Thomas,  1742-1784,  an  intelligent  bookseller 
)f  London,  pub.  a  collection  of  Ballads,  (see  EVANS,  R.  H.,) 
and  issued  new  eds.,  with  dedications,  of  a  number  of 
valuable  works.     See  Nichols's  Literary  Anecdotes ;  Gent 
Mag.,  1784. 

Evans,  Thomas.     Cambrian  Itinerary,  Lon.,  1801, 
vo.     Hist,  of  the  Ancient  Britons.     In  Welsh,  1804,  '10, 
12mo.     Eng.  and  Welsh  Vocabulary ;  with  a  Welsh  Gram 
mar  by  Thomas  Richards,  1804,  '10,  12mo.    An  ed.  by 
Win.  Evans,  Carmarthen,  1771,  8vo. 

Evans,  Thomas,  of  Philadelphia.  Exposition  of 
the  Faith  of  the  Society  of  Friends.  Selected  from  their 
early  writings,  Phila.,  1828,  8vo;  Lon.,  1829,  8vo. 

Evans,  VV.  J.,  M.D.  The  Sugar  Planter's  Manual, 
Lon.,  1847,  8vo. 

'  Dr.  Evans's  masterly  work  is  full  of  the  most  valuable  infor- 
tion  for  the  planter,  and  will  certainly  become  immediately  the 
^xt-book  and  standard  work  of  reference  on  sugar-manufacture. 
[t  should  be  in  the  hands  of  every  overseer,  book-keeper,  and  at 
torney,  who  cannot  fail  to  profit  by  a  careful  and  frequent  study 
of  its  contents." — Colonial  Mag. 

2.  Treatise  on  Endemic  Fevers  of  the  West  Indies,  8vo. 
Evans,  Win.     Thamesiades,  or  Chastities  Triumph, 
1602,  8vo. 

Evans,  Win.     Serm.,  Oxon.,  1633,  4to. 
Evans,  Wm.     Trans,  of  Grotius's  Treatise  concerning 
the  Law  of  War  and  Peace,  Lon.,  1715,  3  vols.  8vo. 

The  stores  of  erudition  recommend  it  to  the  classical  scholar, 
while  his  happy  application  to  human  life  draws  to  it  the  attention 
of  common  readers."— CHARLES  BUTLER. 

"  Such  richness  and  splendour  of  literature  have  a  powerful 
charm." — MACKINTOSH. 

Evans,  Wm.  David.  1.  Salkeld's  Reports  K.  B.,  6th 
ed.,  1793,  3  vols.  r.  8vo.  2.  Money  on  Law  of  Insurances, 
<fcc.,  1802,  8vo.  Edited  by  F.  X.  Martin,  Newbern,  1802, 
8vo.  3.  Decisions  of  Lord  Mansfield  in  Civil  Causes,  1802, 
2  vols.  4to.  Arranged  upon  the  plan  of  Blackstone.  4.  Po- 
thier  on  Law  of  Obligations,  1806,  2  vols.  5.  Letter  tp 
Sir  S.  Romilly  on  the  Revision  of  the  Bankrupt  Laws, 
1810,  8vo.  6.  Letters  on  the  Disabilities  of  R.  Catho 
lics  and  the  Dissenters,  1813,  8vo.  7.  Practice  of  the  C. 
Pleas,  Lancaster,  Lon.,  1814,  8vo.  8.  Acts  rel.  to  the  Clergy, 
with  Notes,  1817,  8vo.  9.  Collection  of  Statutes,  1818,  8 
vols.  8vo;  3d  ed.,  continued  to  1835,  by  A.  Hammond  and 
T.  C.  Granger,  1829-36,  10  vols.  8vo. 

Evanson,  Edward,  1731-1805,  educated  at  Emanuel 
Coll.,  Camb.,  became  Vicar  of  South  Minims  in  1768,  and 
two  years  later  Rector  of  Tewkesbury.  In  1771  he  was 
prosecuted  for  some  sentiments  expressed  by  him  in  a  ser 
mon  on  the  Resurrection,  and  in  1778  he  resigned  his  liv 
ings  and  became  head  of  a  school.  Relieved  from  all 
restraint,  he  soon  evinced  the  most  determined  opposition 
to  several  prominent  doctrines  of  Christianity,  and  is 
generally  styled  an  infidel. 

1.  The  Doctrines  of  a  Trinity  and  Incarnation  examined, 
1772;  anon.  2.  Three  Discourses,  1773,  8vo.  3.  Letter  to 
Dr.  Kurd  on  the  Prophecies,  1777,  '92,  8vo.  4.  The  Sab 
bath,  1792,  8vo.  5.  Dissonance  of*  the  four  generally  re 
ceived  Evangelists,  and  the  Evidence  of  their  authenticity 
examined,  1792,  8vo.  Completely  refuted  by  Thomas  Fal 
coner  in  his  Certain  Principles,  <fec.,  1811,  8vo.  6.  Letters 
to  Dr.  Priestley's  Young  Man,  1794,  8vo.  7.  State  of  Re 
ligion  in  Christendom,  1804,  8vo.  8.  Second  Thoughts  on 
the  Trinity,  1805,  8vo.  See  Lon.  Monthly  Mag.,  1805; 
Gent.  Mag.,  1805;  Nichols's  Lit.  Anecdotes. 

Evanson,  Rev.  R.  M.  Evelyn's  Rational  Account 
of  the  True  Religion,  now  first  pub.  from  the  original  MS. 
in  the  library  at  Wotton,  edited  with  Notes  by  R.  M.  E., 
1850,  2  vols.  p.  8vo.  See  EVELYN,  JOHN. 

Evanson,  Wm.  Alleyn,  Lecturer  of  St.  Luke's,  Old 
Street,  London.  Infidel  Credulity,  Lon.,  1826,  8vo.  Apo 
logy  for  the  Modern  Theology  of  Protestant  Germany;  a 
trans,  of  a  Review  of  Mr.  Rose's 'Discourses  by  Dr.  Bret- 
schneider,  1827,  8vo.  See  Dr.  Pusey's  work  on  the  same  sub 
ject,  and  Mr.  Rose's  comments  thereon.  Trans,  of  Knittel'fl 

565 


EVA 


EVE 


New  Criticisms  on  1  John  v.  7, 1829,  8vo.     See  Michaelis's  1 
Introduc.  to  the  N.  Test. ;  Lon.  Eclectic  Rev.,  3d  Series,  j 
iii.  81;  Home's  Bibl.  Bib.;  Orme  on  the  Heavenly  Wit 
nesses.  . 

Evarts,  Jeremiah,  1781-1831,  secretary  of  the  Amer. 
Bd.  of  Com.  for  Foreign  Missions,  a  native  of  Vermont, 
was  from  1810-20  editor  of  The  Panoplist,  a  religious  and 
literary  monthly  publication.  He  wrote  24  essays  under 
the  signature  of  William,  on  the  rights  and  claims  of  the 
Indians,  pub.  in  1829.  He  edited  the  volume  of  Speeches 
on  the  Indian  Bill,  and  wrote  the  Introduction.  See  Dis 
courses  on  Evarts,  by  Drs.  Wood  and  Spring ;  Miss.  Herald, 
Oct.  and  Nov.,  1831;  Memoirs  of  Jeremiah  Evarts,  Bos 
ton,  1845,  8vo. 

Evarts,  Rev.  W.  W.  1.  Bible  Manual.  2.  Pastor's 
Hand-Book.  3.  The  Bible  Prayer  Book.  4.  Scripture 
School  Reader;  in  conjunction  with  W.  H.  Wykoff. 

Eveleigh,  John,  D.D.,  1747-1814,  Provost  of  Oriel 
Coll.,  Oxf.,  and  Preb.  of  Rochester.  The  Trinity,  1791,  8vo. 
Serms.  preached  before  the  Univ.  of  Oxford,  1792,  8vo; 
do.,  1810,  8vo.  Eight  Sermons,  preached  at  the  Bampton 
Lecture,  1792,  8vo.  Plurality  of  Persons  in  the  Godhead 
proved,  1797,  8vo.  Serm.  on  27th  Ps.,  1806,  8vo.  Serms. 
before  the  Univ.  of  Oxford,  with  those  at  Bampton  Lecture. 

"  He  treats  them  [the  topics]  with  a  degree  of  weight  and  solidity 
which  shows  that  what  he  writes  is  the  fruit  of  deep  reflection,  and 
which  arrests  the  attention  of  the  considering  reader.  There  is  a 
character  of  sound  reasoning,  a  manner  of  sober  discussion,  which 
never  quits  the  author.  One  of  his  recommendations  is  the  total 
absence  of  all  ostentatious  display  of  erudition." — Lon.  Quarterly 
Review. 

Eveleigh,  Josiah.    Reply  to  Pierce,  Lon.,  1719,  8vo. 

Eveline,  Robert.  Direction  for  Adventurers,  and 
true  description  of  the  healthiest,  pleasantest,  and  richest 
Plantation  of  New  Albion,  in  North  Virginia,  in  a  letter 
from  Mayster  Robert  Eveline,  that  lived  there  many  years, 
1641,  sm.  4to.  Liber  rarissimus. 

Evelyn,  Charles.  Ladies'  Recreation ;  or,  The  Plea 
sure  and  Profit  of  Gardening  improved,  Lon.,  1707,  '11,  '19, 
8vo.  In  German,  Leipsic,  1756,  8vo. 

Evelyn,  Sir  John.  Report  from  the  Committee  rel. 
to  Lord  Digby's  Speech  on  the  attainder  of  Strafford,  1641, 
4to. 

Evelyn,  John,  1620-1705-6,  was  a  son  of  Richard 
Evelyn,  of  Wotton,  in  the  county  of  Surrey,  where  John 
was  born  on  the  31st  of  October.  After  preparatory  studies 
at  Lewes  and  Southover,  he  was  placed  in  1637  as  a  fellow 
commoner  at  Balliol  Coll.,  Oxf.  He  entered  college,  as  he 
tells  us  with  much  modesty, 

"  Rather  out  of  shame  of  abiding  longer  at  school  than  any  fit 
ness,  as  by  sad  experience  I  found,  which  put  me  to  relearn  all 
that  I  had  neglected,  or  but  perfunctorily  gained." 

On  leaving  college  he  removed  to  the  Middle  Temple, 
and  had  been  there  but  a  short  time  when  he  lost  his  father. 
Anxious  to  see  something  of  foreign  countries,  he  deter 
mined  to  visit  the  continent,  whence  he  returned  after  an 
absence  of  three  months.  In  1643  he  again  left  home,  and 
for  a  number  of  years  resided  in  France,  and  other  parts 
of  Europe,  occasionally  making  a  short  visit  to  England. 
In  January,  1651,  '52  he  settled  permanently  in  the  latter 
country,  residing  at  Say's  Court,  near  Deptford,  formerly 
the  seat  of  his  father-in-law,  Sir  Richard  Browne,  British 
resident  at  the  court  of  France. 

At  the  time  of  his  marriage  to  Miss  Browne,  in  1647,  at 
Paris,  she  had  not  attained  her  14th  year,  and  seems  to  have 
been  a  grateful  and  docile  pupil  in  the  course  of  education 
prescribed  by  the  groom,  now  in  his  27th  year,  and  one  of 
the  most  accomplished  men  of  his  day.  She  survived  him 
about  three  years,  and  thus  commemorates  his  devotion : 

"  His  care  of  rny  education  was  such  as  might  become  a  father, 
a  lover,  a  friend,  and  husband,  for  instruction;  tenderness,  affec 
tion,  and  fidelity,  to  the  Itist  moment  of  his  life,  which  obligation 
I  mention  with  a  gratitude  to  his  memory  ever  dear  to  me ;  and  I 
must  not  omit  to  own  the  sense  I  have  of  my  parents'  care  and 
goodness  in  placing  me  in  such  worthy  bands." 

Indeed,  the  character  of  this  excellent  man,  placed  as 
he  was  amidst  the  corrupting  influence  of  a  most  unprin 
cipled  court,  affords  a  delightful  subject  of  contemplation 
for  all  who  venerate  moral  worth,  in  this  case  rendered 
more  conspicuous  by  intellectual  eminence.  Even  with 
the  dissolute  Charles  and  the  contemptible  crowd  of  cour 
tiers  who  ministered  to  his  vices,  the  learned,  religious, 
and  accomplished  Evelyn  was  an  object  of  affection  as  well 
as  respect.  They  could  not  but  admire  and  love  an  example 
which  they  were  content  not  to  imitate.  In  the  Biog.  Brit., 
and  especially  in  his  Diary  and  Correspondence,  the  reader  ! 
will  find  ample  details  respecting  the  useful  life  of  one  of  i 
the  most  estimable  characters  of  literary  history. 

A  list  of  many  of  the  numerous  works  and  translations 
566 


of  Evelyn  will  be  found  in  the  Biog.  Brit.  We  notice  some 
of  the  principal.  1.  A  character  of  England,  purporting 
to  have  been  written  by  a  French  Nobleman,  1651,  16ino. 
See  Hallam's  Introduc.  to  Lit.  Hist.  2.  Fumifugium; 
or,  The  Inconvenience  of  the  Air  and  Smoke  of  London 
dissipated;  together  with  some  remedies  humbly  proposed. 
This  was  addressed  to  Charles  II.,  and  pub.  by  his  com 
mand.  3.  Tyrannus;  or,  The  Mode,  in  a  Discourse  of 
Sumptuary  Laws,  1661,  8vo.  4.  Sculptura;  or,  The  His 
tory  and  Art  of  Chalcography  and  Engraving  on  Copper; 
with  an  ample  enumeration  of  the  most  renowned  Masters 
and  their  Works,  <fcc.,  1662,  8vo;  2d  ed.,  with  Life  of  the 
Author,  1755,  12mo.  This  work  was  written  at  the  re 
peated  request  of  Robert  Boyle.  5.  Sylva;  or,  A  Discourse 
of  Forest  Trees,  and  the  Propagation  of  Timber  in  his 
Majesty's  Dominions:  to  which  is  annexed  Pomona;  rel. 
to  Fruit  Trees,  1664,  fol. ;  2d  ed.,  1669;  3d  ed.,  with  addits. 
and  improvements,  1679,  fol.;  4th  ed.,  1706,  fol;  5th  ed., 
1729;  new  ed.,  by  Dr.  Hunter,  of  York,  with  Notes  and 
Engravings,  1776,  2  vols.  4to;  2d  ed.,  to  which  Terra,  a 
Philosophical  Discourse  on  Earth,  is  added,  1786,  2  vols.  4to; 
4th  improved  ed.,  1812,  2  vols.  4to;  5th  improved  ed..  1825, 
2  vols.  4to.  This  work  was  written  by  the  command  of, 
and  was  the  first  book  pub.  by,  the  Royal  Society.  It  was 
elicited  by  certain 

"  Queries  propounded  to  that  illustrious  assembly,  the  honour 
able  the  principal  Officers  and  Commissioners  of  the  Navy." 

Apprehensions  were  entertained  that  the  cultivation  of 
large  trees  was  so  much  neglected,  that  in  a  short  time  it 
would  be  difficult  or  impossible  to  procure  sufficient  timber 
for  the  purposes  of  the  Navy.  Evelyn  made  an  earnest 
appeal  to  the  nation  to  treat  this  important  subject  with 
due  regard.  His  work  was  eminently  successful.  In  the 
new  dedication  to  Charles  II.,  2d  ed.,  1669 — 5  years  after 
the  publication  of  the  1st  ed. — Evelyn  tells  the  king 

"It  has  been  the  sole  occasion  for  furnishing  your  almost  ex 
hausted  dominions  with  more,  I  dare  say,  than  two  millions  of 
timber-trees,  besides  infinite  others,  which  have  been  propagated 
within  the  three  nations,  at  the  instigation  and  by  the  direction 
of  this  work,"  &c. 

The  famous  Dr.  Wotton  declares 

"  It  may  therefore,  perhaps,  be  esteemed  a  small  character  of  Mr. 
Evelyn's  discourse  of  forest-trees  to  say,  that  it  out-does  all  that 
Theophrastus  and  Pliny  have  left  us  on  that  subject;  for  it  not 
only  does  that  and  a  great  deal  more,  but  contains  more  useful 
precepts,  hints,  and  discoveries,  upon  that  now  so  necessary  a  part 
of  our  Res  Rustica,  than  the  world  had  till  then  known,  for  all 
the  observations  of  former  ages.  To  name  others  after  him  would 
be  a  derogation  to  his  performance." — Reflections  on  Ancient  and 
Modern  Learning. 

"  The  '  Sylva'  has  no  beauties  of  style  to  recommend  it,  and  none 
of  those  felicities  of  expression  by  which  the  writer  stamps  upon 
your  memory  his  meaning  in  all  its  force.  Without  such  charms, 
'Discourse  of  Forest  Trees,  and  the  Propagation  of  Timber  in  his 
Majesty's  Dominions'  might  appear  to  promise  dry  entertainment; 
but  he  who  opens  the  volume  is  led  on  insensibly  from  page  to 
page,  and  catches  something  of  the  delight  which  made  the  author 
enter  with  his  whole  heart  and  all  his  faculties  into  the  subject. 
...  It  is  a  great  repository  of  all  that  was  then  known  concerning 
the  forest  trees  of  Great  Britain,  their  growth  and  culture,  and 
their  uses  and  qualities,  real  or  imaginary ;  and  he  has  enlivened 
it  with  all  the  pertinent  facts  and  anecdotes  which  occurred  to 
him  in  his  reading." — ROBERT  SOUTHEY  :  Lon.  Quart.  Review,  xix.  47. 

""While  Britain  retains  her  awful  situation  among  the  nations 
of  Europe,  the  Sylva  of  Evelyn  will  endure  with  her  triumphant 
oaks.  It  was  an  author  in  his  studious  retreat,  who,  casting  a 
prophetic  eye  on  the  age  we  live  in,  secured  the  late  victories  of 
our  national  sovereignty.  Inquire  at  the  Admiralty  how  the  fleets 
of  Nelson  have  been  constructed,  and  they  can  tell  you  that  it  was 
with  the  oaks  which  the  genius  of  Evelyn  planted." — Disraeli's 
Curiosities  of  Literature. 

"  John  Evelyn  did  perhaps  more  than  any  of  our  early  writers 
to  promote  and  strengthen  that  taste  for  rural  occupations,  among 
the  enlightened  classes,  which  has  now  happily  become  a  national 
characteristic." 

"Say's  Court  was  afterwards  the  residence  of  the  celebrated 
Evelyn,  whose  '  Sylva'  is  still  the  manual  of  British  planters,  and 
whose  life,  manners,  and  principles,  as  illustrated  in  his  Memoirs, 
ought  equally  to  be  the  manual  of  English  gentlemen." — SIR 
WALTER  SCOTT:  Kenilworth. 

"  A  diligent  perusal  of  this  noble  work  may  animate  our  nobility 
and  gentry  to  improve  their  estates  by  the  never-failing  methods 
therein  recommended.  All  persons,  indeed,  who  are  owners  of 
land,  may  find  infinite  delight,  as  well  as  profit,  in  this  book."— 
British  Critic. 

"  Among  the  advantages  of  the  present  splendid  edition  [5th  im 
proved  ed..  1825,  2  vols.  4to]  are  the  copious  and  valuable  notes 
of  the  learned  editor,  which,  alone,  would  constitute  a  very  con 
siderable  volume  of  miscellaneous  extracts,  observations,  and  anec 
dotes,  on  the  nature,  properties,  culture,  and  uses  of  the  great 
variety  of  the  trees  here  treated  of:  comprehending  all  the  disco 
veries  and  improvements  which  have  been  made  since  Mr.  Evelyn's 
time." — Lon.  Mantlily  Review. 

See  Lon.  Quar.  Review,  ix.  45. 

6.  A  Parallel  of  the  Ancient  Architecture  with  the  Mo 
dern,  1664,  fol.;  1669,  8vo;  3d  ed.,  enlarged  and  corrected, 
1697,  1733,  fol.;  with  the  addition  of  Sir  Henry  Wotton's 


EVE 

Elements  of  Architecture.  7.  Public  Employment  and  an 
Active  Life  preferred  to  Solitude,  1667,  Svo.  This  is  an 
answer  to  Sir  George  MacKenzie  on  the  other  side  of  the 
question.  8.  History  of  Three  late  Famous  Impostures, 
1668,  '69,  Svo.  9.  A  Short  and  Plain  Discourse,  the  chief 
heads  of  the  History  of  Trade  and  Navigation,  their  origin 
and  progress,  1674J  Svo.  Dedicated  to  the  King. 

"  A  brief  and  necessarily  very  imperfect  sketch.  It  is  introduced 
by  some  observations  on  the  advantages  of  commerce  and  naviga 
tion,  as  exemplified  in  the  instances  of  Holland,  Venice,  &c."— 
McCuMocUs  Lit.  of  Polit.  Econ. 

10.  Terra;  a  Philosophical  Discourse  of  the  Earth,  re 
lating  to  the  culture  and  improvement  of  it,  for  Vegeta 
tion,  and  the  Propagation  of  Plants,  1675,  fol.  See  notice 
of  SYLVA,  ante.  11.  Mundus  Muliebris;  or  the  Ladies' 
Dressing  Room  unlocked,  and  her  Toilette  spread.  In 
Burlesque.  Together  with  the  Fop's  Dictionary,  1690,  4to. 
12.  Nurnismata;  a  Discourse  of  Medals,  ancient  and  mo 
dern,  1697,  fol. 

"We  might  justly  have  expected  whatever  could  have  been  de 
sired  on  this  subject,  from  the  excellently-learned  pen  of  Mr.  Eve 
lyn,  had  he  bent  his  thoughts,  as  was  believed,  towards  the  consi 
deration  of  our  British  coins  as  well  as  medals.  It  now  appears 
that  his  Numismata  carried  him  no  farther  than  those  larger  and 
more  choice  pieces  that  are  usually  called  by  this  latter  name; 
whereon,  be  has,  indeed,  treated  with  that  accuracy  and  fineness 
which  become  a  gentleman  and  a  scholar." — Bishop  Nicolsoris  Eng. 
Hi*t.  Lib.,  248. 

13.  Acetaria;  or  a  Discourse  of  Sallets,  1699,  Svo.  This 
was  his  last  work.  He  contemplated  several  extensive 
works— A  General  History  of  all  Trades,  The  Plan  of  a 
Royal  Garden,  <fcc. — which  were  never  compiled ;  see  Biog. 
Brit.  A  review  of  his  agricultural  works  will  be  found  in 
Donaldson's  Agricult.  Biog. 

Industrious  to  the  last,  he  was  but  a  short  time  before 
his  death  busily  employed  in  preparing  the  4th  ed.  of  Sylva 
for  the  press.  But  the  time  had  now  arrived  when  he  was 
permitted  to  enter  into  that  rest  to  which  his  heart  had 
ever  fondly  turned  during  the  course  of  his  long  pilgrimage 
on  earth.  He  died  Feb.  27,  1705-06,  in  the  86th  year  of 
his  age.  All  that  was  mortal  of  the  aged  Christian  was 
interred  at  Wotton,  where  his  tombstone,  by  his  direction 
— anxious  to  continue  his  usefulness  even  when  no  longer 
able  to  bear  a  living  testimony  to  the  truth — bears  this  in 
scription  : 

"  That,  living  in  an  age  of  extraordinary  events  and  revolutions, 
he  had  learned  from  thence  this  truth,  which  he  desired  might  be 
thus  communicated  to  posterity :  THAT  ALL  is  VANITY  WHICH  is  NOT 

HONEST,  AND  THAT  THERE  IS  NO  SOLID  WISDOM  BDT  REAL  PIETY." 

This  is  "  the  conclusion  of  the  whole  matter,"  and  we 
shall  be  wise,  indeed,  thoughtful  reader,  if  we  profit  by  the 
lesson. 

In  1825  Mr.  Wm.  Upcott,  the  well-known  bibliographer, 
pub.  in  a  4to  vol.  a  collection  of  Evelyn's  Miscellaneous 
Writings — on  Morals,  Horticulture,  Art,  Science,  Com 
merce,  <fcc. — many  of  which  had  become  very  rare. 

"  All  these  tempting  topics  we  are  compelled  to  fly  from,  with 
many  a  lingering  look,  conscious  that  we  have  occupied  a  large, 
though  by  no  means  an  undue  space,  in  affording  our  readers  some 
gusto  of  a  volume  upon  which  they  may  venture  to  make  many  a 
hearty  meal." — British  Critic. 

In  1818,  2  vols.  4to,  appeared  Memoirs  illustrative  of  the 
Life  and  Writings  of  John  Evelyn,  Esq.,  comprising  his 
Diary  from  1641  to  1705-06,  and  a  Selection  from  his  Fa 
miliar  Letters,  2d  ed.,  1819,  2  vols.  4to;  3d  ed.,  1827,  5 
vols.  Svo.  New  ed.,  1850,  4  vols.  Svo ;  again,  1854,  4  vols. 
Svo.  To  Mr.  Bray,  the  intelligent  editor  of  this  work,  and 
to  Mr.  Upcott,  his  assistant,  the  public  are  largely  indebted. 
It  has  been  truly  remarked  that 

t;  It  is  impossible  to  overrate  the  interest  and  value  of  a  diary 
and  correspondence  written  by  such  a  man  as  Evelyn,  and  in  such 
times  as  those  of  Charles  I.,  Oliver  Cromwell,  Charles  II.,  James 
II.,  and  William  III." 

"  This  work  is  a  necessary  companion  to  the  popular  histories  of 
our  country — to  Hume,  Hallam,  Macaulay,  and  Lingard." 

"  Few,  if  any,  similar  publications  of  our  own  days  more  strongly 
attracted  public  attention  on  their  first  appearance,  or  are  likely  to 
retain  a  more  permanent  station  in  our  national  literature,  than 
the  Diary  of  Evelyn,  a  man  the  more  highly  honoured  and  valued 
as  our  acquaintance  is  permitted  to  become  closer." — British  Critic. 

To  this  work  the  reader  must  add  The  Diary  and  Cor 
respondence  of  Samuel  Pepys,  and  he  may  congratulate 
himself  upon  the  possession  of  treasures  of  no  ordinary 
character. 

"  We  have  never  seen  a  mine  so  rich  as  the  volumes  before  us." 
— SIR  WALTER  SCOTT. 

In  1848,  sm.  Svo,  was  pub.  by  Bishop  Wilberforce  of  Ox 
ford,  from  the  MS.  of  Evelyn,  his  Life  of  Mrs.  Godolphin. 
Now  first  pub. 

"  An  exquisite  book  is  this  for  the  refined  and  educated  reader. 
How  could  it  be  otherwise,  since  the  admirable  Evelyn  has  seen 
fit  to  present  it  to  the  world  ?  This  little  book  cannot  but  be  at 
tended  with  many  blessings  on  account  of  the  purity  of  its  tone 
and  purpose." — Protestant  Churchman. 


EVE 

In  1850,  2  vols.  p.  Svo,  Rev.  R.  M.  Evanson  pub.  from 
the  MS.  of  Evelyn  his  Rational  Account  of  the  True  Re 
ligion.  Now  first  pub. 

"  As  an  epitome  of  all  the  later  arguments  against  the  infidelity 
of  the  seventeenth  and  eighteenth  centuries,  the  History  of  Reli 
gion  is  indeed  invaluable." 

Of  this  truly  excellent  man  we  may  say,  with  a  distin 
guished  critic : 

"  No  change  of  fashion,  no  alteration  of  taste,  no  revolutions  of 
science,  have  impaired  or  can  impair  his  celebrity.  Satire,  from 
whom  nothing  is  sacred,  scarcely  attempted  to  touch  him  while 
living;  and  the  acrimony  of  political  and  religious  hatred,  though 
it  spares  not  even  the  dead,  has  never  assailed  his  memory." — 
ROBERT  SOUTHEY  :  Lon.  Quar.  lieview,  xix.  53. 

During  the  evil  days  when  unhallowed  violence  over 
threw  the  throne  and  the  altar,  Evelyn  was  a  sincere 
mourner,  and  ministered  to  the  necessities  of  those  who 
from  a  state  of  comparative  opulence  suddenly  found  them 
selves  reduced  to  straitness  of  bread  and  the  melancholy 
prospect  of  continued  destitution.  When  that  intrepid 
champion  of  the  truth,  "  of  whom  the  world  was  not  wor- 
j  thy" — Jeremy  Taylor — was  consigned  to  the  cheerless 
|  walls  of  a  prison,  it  was  John  Evelyn  who  not  only  ex 
tended  present  relief,  but  settled  upon  him  an  annual  al 
lowance,  that  he  might  not  be  careful  for  the  morrow. 
From  a  letter  of  Evelyn's  to  this  attached  friend,  written 
in  these  troublous  times,  we  give  an  extract  which  reflects 
honour  both  upon  the  writer  and  the  one  addressed : 

"  For  my  part,  I  have  learned  from  your  excellent  assistance  to 

j  humble  myselfe,  and  to  adore  the  inscrutable  pathes  of  the  most 

high :  God  and  his  Truth  are  still  the  same,  though  the  founda- 

j  tions  of  the  world  be  shaken.    Redivivus  can  shut  the  Schooles 

i  indeede,  and  the  Temples ;  but  he  cannot  hinder  our  private  inter- 

I  courses  and  devotions,  where  the  Breast  is  the  Chappell  and  our 

Heart  is  the  Altar.     Obedience  founded  in  the  understanding  will 

be  the  only  cure  and  retraite.    God  will  accept  what  remaines  and 

supply  what  is  necessary." 

Even  the  gossiping,  worldly-minded,  curiosity-hunting 
Horace  Walpole  is  betrayed  with  a  generous,  but  very  un- 
;  fashionable,  enthusiasm,  when  expatiating  upon  the  cha 
racter  of  Evelyn : 

"  His  life,  which  was  extended  to  eighty-six  years,  was  a  course 
of  enquiry,  study,  curiosity,  instruction,  and  benevolence.    The 
I  works  of  the  Creator,  and  the  mimic  labours  of  the  creature,  were 
all  objects  of  his  pursuit.    He  unfolded  the  perfection  of  the  one, 
!  and  assisted  the  imperfection  of  the  other.    He  adored  from  ex- 
j  amination;  was  a  courtier  that  nattered  only  by  informing  his 
!  prince,  and  by  pointing  out  what  was  worthy  for  him  to  counte 
nance  ;  and  was  really  the  neighbour  of  the  gospel,  for  there  was 
no  man  that  might  not  have  been  the  better  for  him."— Catalogue 
of  Engravers. 

A  celebrated  author,  of  a  very  different  stamp,  bears  the 
same  testimony,  when  acknowledging  some  communica 
tion  designed  to  aid  an  important  literary  undertaking: 

"  That  most  ingenious  and  virtuous  gentleman,  Mr.  Evelyn,  who 
is  not  satisfied  to  have  advanced  the  knowledge  of  this  age  by  his 
own  useful  and  successful  labours  about  planting  and  divers  other 
ways,  but  is  ready  to  contribute  every  thing  in  his  power  to  perfect 
other  men's  endeavours."— BISHOP  BURNET  :  Hist,  of  the  Reforma 
tion. 

We  shall  conclude  our  article  with  the  tribute  of  one  of 
the  most  distinguished  poets  of  his  age : 

"  Happy  art  thou  whom  God  does  bless 
With  the  full  choice  of  thine  own  happiness; 
And  happier  yet,  because  thou'rt  blest 
With  prudence  how  to  choose  the  best. 
In  books  and  gardens  thou  hast  plac'd  aright, 

(Things  which  thou  well  dost  understand, 
And  both  dost  make  with  thy  laborious  hand,) 

Thy  noble,  innocent  delight. 

And  in  thy  virtuous  wife,  where  thou  again  dost  meet 
Both  pleasures  more  refin'd  and  sweet, 
The  fairest  garden  in  her  looks, 
And  in  her  mind  the  wisest  books: 
Oh.  who  would  change  these  soft  yet  solid  joys 
For  empty  shows  and  senseless  noise 
And  all  which  rank  ambition  breeds, 
Which  seem  such  beauteous  flowers,  and  are  such  pois'nous 

weeds,"  Ac.  Cowley's  Garden. 

Evelyn,  John,  1654-55-1698,  3d  son  of  the  preced 
ing,  educated  at  Trin.  Coll.,  Camb.,  was  in  1690  made  one 
i  of  the  chief  clerks  of  the  Treasury,  and  in  1691  was  elected 
;  a  commissioner  of  the  revenue  in  Ireland.     1.  Trans,  of 
|  Renatus  Rapinus's   Latin  verses,  Of  Gardens,  1673,  8vo. 
1  2.  Trans  of  Plutarch's  Life  of  Alexander  the  Great;  in  rol. 
iv.  of  Plutarch's  Lives,  by  several  hands.     3.  Hist,  of  two 
Grand  Visiers,  Ac.,  1677,  Svo.     A  trans,  from  the  French. 
See   Dryden's  Miscellanies,  and  Nichols's  Collection,  for 
some  of  his  poems. 
Ever,  Sampson.     See  EUEB. 

Everard    of  Winchester,  temp.  Stephen,  wrote  a 
metrical  trans,  in  Anglo-Norman  of  the  Disticha  of  Dio- 
nysius  Cato.     Helys  of  Winchester  appears  to  have  bor 
rowed  largely  from  this  trans,  in  his  own  version  of  the 
I  Disticha,  now  in  MS.  in  the  British  Museum.     See  Le  Livre 
!  des  Proverbes  Francais,  par  Le  Roux  de  Lincy,  Paris,  1842, 


EYE 


EVE 


12mo.  Tome  Second,  pp.  359-375.  Everard's  Trans,  of 
the  Distichs  of  Cato.  Several  other  productions  are  as 
cribed  to  Everard.  See  Wright's  Biog.  Brit.  Lit 

Everard.     Levellers  of  England,  Lon.,  1649,  4to. 

Everard,  Dr.  Hermes  Mercurius  Trismegistus  his 
Divine  Pomander,  trans,  out  of  the  original  into  English, 
Lon.,  1657,  24mo. 

Everard,  Edmund,  sometime  under-secretary  to  the 
French  King.  1.  Discourses  on  the  Present  State  of  the 
Protestant  Princes  of  Europe,  Lon.,  1679,  fol.  2.  The 
great  pressures  and  grievances  of  the  Protestants  in  France, 
1681,  fol. 

Everard,  Edward,  D.D.  Preparatory  Latin  Gram 
mar,  Lon.,  1843  j  new  ed.,  1849,  12mo. 

"  It  is  admirably  adapted  for  the  purpose,  and  has  our  warmest 
recommendations." — Plymouth  (Eng.)  Herald. 

Serm.,  1844,  8vo. 

Everard,  Giles.     Panacea,  Lon.,  1659,  8vo. 

Everard,  John.  Britanno-Romanvs,  sive  Anglige- 
narvm  in  Collegio  Romano  Vitae  Ratio,  Lon.,  1611,  8vo. 

Everard,  John,  D.D.,  a  Calvinist  divine,  temp. 
Charles  I.  Some  Gospel  Treasures,  Lon.,  1653,  8vo. 

Everard,  Thomas.     Stereometry,  Lon.,  1684, 12mo. 

Everard,  W.    Mercantile  Book-Keeping,  Lon.,  1675. 

Everardt,  Job.     Stenographia,  Lon.,  1658,  8vo. 

Everest,  Rev.  Charles  W.,  formerly  of  Meriden, 
Connecticut,  has  pub.  a  number  of  poetical  and  other  works. 
1.  Babylon  j  a  Poem.  2.  Hare  Bell.  3.  Moss  Rose.  4. 
The  Memento.  5.  The  Snow  Drop.  6.  The  Poets  of  Con 
necticut.  7.  Vision  of  Death,  and  other  Poems.  We  may 
cite  his  poem  entitled  Agriculture,  as  a  beautiful  picture 
of  the  pleasures  of  a  country  life.  Since  1842,  Mr.  Everest 
has  given  nothing  to  the  press.  He  now  has  charge  of  the 
Rectory  School  at  Haniden,  Connecticut 

Everett,  Alexander  Hill,  1790-1847,  a  native  of 
Boston,  Massachusetts,  was  a  son  of  the  Rev.  Oliver  Eve 
rett,  and  a  descendant  of  Richard  Everett,  whose  name 
appears  in  the  public  records  of  Dedham,  Massachusetts, 
for  the  year  1630.  Alexander  was  born  in  Boston  on  the 
19th  of  March,  1790,  and  entered  Harvard  College  in  the 
13th  year  of  his  age.  In  1806  he  graduated  with  the 
highest  honours ;  and,  after  a  year's  experience  as  a  teacher 
in  the  Phillips  Exeter  Academy,  commenced  the  study  of 
law  in  the  office  of  John  Quincy  Adams,  in  Boston.  In 
1809  he  accompanied  Mr.  Adams  on  his  mission  to  Russia, 
and  resided  at  St.  Petersburg  and  London  until  1812. 
Returning  to  the  United  States  on  the  declaration  of  war 
against  Great  Britain,  he  commenced  the  profession  of  the 
law  at  Boston,  but  was  soon  induced  to  accept  the  office 
of  secretary  of  legation  to  the  Netherlands.  On  the  re 
tirement  of  Mr.  Eustis  from  that  mission,  in  1818,  Mr. 
Everett  succeeded  him  as  charge  d'affaires,  and  retained 
this  post  until  1824.  In  this  year  he  returned  to  the  United 
States  on  leave  of  absence,  and  in  the  spring  of  1825  was 
appointed  by  President  Adams  minister  to  Spain.  In  1829 
he  returned  to  the  United  States,  and  became  proprietor 
and  editor  of  the  North  American  Review,  (1830-35,)  to 
which  he  had,  during  the  editorship  of  his  brother  Edward, 
been  one  of  the  most  valuable  contributors.  From  1830  to 
1835,  Mr.  Everett  occupied  a  seat  in  the  legislature  of 
Massachusetts,  and  during  these  years  and  a  few  following, 
gave  much  of  his  time  and  thoughts  to  state  and  national 
politics.  In  the  winter  of  1840  he  resided  as  a  confidential 
agent  of  the  U.  S.  Government  in  the  Island  of  Cuba,  and 
whilst  there  was  appointed  President  of  Jefferson  College, 
Louisiana.  He  entered  upon  the  responsible  duties  of  this 
post  in  June,  1841,  but  was  soon  obliged,  by  failing  health, 
to  return  to  New  England. 

Upon  the  return  of  Mr.  Caleb  Gushing  from  his  mission 
to  China,  Mr.  Everett  was  appointed  minister  plenipo 
tentiary  to  that  empire,  and  sailed  for  Canton  July  4th, 
1845.  A  severe  attack  of  illness  detained  him  for  some 
time  at  Rio  Janeiro  j  and,  hopeless  of  amendment,  he  re 
turned  home ;  but  in  the  summer  of  1846  he  was  sufficiently 
recovered  to  allow  of  a  second  attempt  to  reach  his  desti 
nation.  Arrived  at  Canton,  it  soon  became  evident  that 
his  physical  powers  were  too  much  prostrated  to  allow  of 
any  reasonable  hope  of  restoration,  and  he  closed  his  eyes 
in  a  strange  land,  June  28th,  1847.  For  the  above  facts, 
and  for  the  annexed  lists  of  Mr.  Everett's  contributions  to 
various  periodicals,  Ac.,  we  are  indebted  to  Griswold's 
Prose  Writers  of  America. 

Mr.  Everett's  first  published  compositions  appeared  in 
The  Monthly  Anthology,  the  vehicle  of  communication 
with  the  public  of  the  Anthology  Club  of  Boston,  consist 
ing  of  George  Ticknor,  William  Tudor,  Drs.  Bigelow  and 
Gardener,  Alexander  H.  Everett,  and  Rev.  Messrs.  Buck- 


minster,  Thacher,  and  Emerson.  The  Monthly  Antho 
logy,  established  by  Phineas  Adams,  was  pub.  from  1803 
to  1811. 

The  following  list  of  Mr.  Everett's  publications  presents 
a  very  remarkable  instance  of  versatility  of  talent  and  en 
larged  range  of  erudition.  Politics  and  belles-lettres, 
political  economy  and  poetry,  statistics  and  aesthetics — sub 
jects  the  least  allied  in  character  or  criteria — alternately 
passed  under  the  review  of  the  "pen  of  the  ready  writer." 

1.  Europe ;  or,  A  General  Survey  of  the  Political  Situa 
tion  of  the  Principal  Powers,  with  Conjectures  on  their 
Future  Prospects,  London  and  Boston,  1822,  8vo.     Trans 
lated  into  German,  French,  and  Spanish.     The  German 
version  was  edited  by  Professor  Jacobi.  of  the  University 
of  Halle. 

Mr.  Everett  devotes  the  first  chapter  of  his  work  to  an 
explanation  of  the  origin  of  the  controversy  between  .God 
win  and  Malthus.  In  the  following  lines  he  lays  down  a 
position  which  opens  at  once  a  wide  field  of  debate : 

"It  is,  in  fact,  somewhat  singular,  that  while  the  immediate 
object  of  Godwin  was  to  demonstrate  the  expediency  of  practical 
reform,  and  that  of  Mr.  Malthus  to  prove  its  inutility,  the  theories 
of  both  these  writers  admit,  on  general  grounds,  of  precisely  the 
same  answer.  While  Godwin  considers  political  institutions  as 
absolutely  mischievous,  Malthus  affirms  that  they  are  completely 
indifferent.  The  true  answer  to  both  is,  that  they  are  neither 
mischievous  nor  indifferent,  but  extremely  valuable;  that  the 
origin  of  evil  is  not  to  be  found  in  the  existence  of  society — not  in 
any  supposed  law  of  nature,  which  creates  a  necessity  of  perpetual 
famine — but  in  the  primary  constitution  of  the  universe." 

In  the  eleventh  chapter  the  political  economist  will  find 
the  author's  explanation  of  the  manner  in  which  the  state 
of  civilization  affects  the  rate  of  wages,  and  of  the  fact  that 
the  individual  producer  is  not  always  remunerated  in  pro 
portion  to  the  increased  wealth  of  the  community. 

He  attacks  the  theory  of  Malthus  as  totally  untenable, 
and  labours  to  prove  that  the  increase  of  population  is  in 
truth  a  principle  not  of  scarcity,  but  of  abundance.  A  re 
view  of  this  work  by  an  eminent  critic — Jared  Sparks, 
LL.D. — will  be  found  in  the  N.  American  Review,  xvii. 
288-310. 

2.  New  Ideas  on  Population,  with  Remarks  on  the  Theo 
ries  of  Godwin  and  Malthus,  London  and  Boston,  1822 
See  Mr.  E.'s  correspondence  upon  the  subject  of  political 
economy  with  Professor  George  Tucker,  of  the  University 
of  Virginia,  pub.  in  1845.     3.  America;  or,  A  general  Sur 
vey  of  the  Political  Situation  of  the  several  Powers  of  the 
Western  Continent,  with  Conjectures  on  their  future  Pros 
pects,  by  a  citizen  of  the  United  States,  Phila.,  1827,  8vo; 
Lon.,  1828,  8vo. 

"  The  appearance  of  this  work  has  been  expected  with  no  incon 
siderable  degree  of  interest.  It  was  generally  supposed  that  a 
volume  from  the  pen  of  the  author  of  '  Europe,'  whatever  other 
qualities  it  might  possess,  could  scarcely  fail  of  being  an  ingenious 
and  elegant  production;  and  this  expectation  has  been  amply 
verified  in  the  present  instance.  We  believe  that  this  work  will 
be  generally  considered  as  a  valuable  accession  to  American  lite 
rature  ;  and  it  is  by  no  means  necessary,  in  order  to  appreciate  its 
merits  in  this  respect,  to  coincide  in  all  the  opinions  and  views 
which  it  contains.  .  .  .  The  style  in  which  the  work  is  written 
would  alone  warrant  us  in  placing  it,  as  a  literary  production,  in 
the  highest  rank  of  English  classics.  It  is  a  style  equally  free  from 
the  meretricious  ornament  so  prevalent  in  our  own  country,  and 
from  the  colloquial  roughness  which  distinguishes  many  of  the 
ablest  British  authors  of  the  present  time.  .  .  .  To  our  author  and 
to  Washington  Irving  we  are  indebted  for  two  of  the  most  success 
ful  efforts  which  have  been  made  in  the  present  century  to  revive 
the  Attic  elegance  which  distinguished  the  best  writers  of  the  days 
of  Addison." — North  American  Review. 

"This  essay,  however  objectionable  it  may  be  to  an  Englishman 
in  several  respects,  is  marked  by  ability  of  the  very  first  order. 
Since  the  publication  of  those  admirable  Dissertations  which  were 
collected  in  The  Federalist,  we  have  not  seen  any  political  compo 
sition  from  the  pen  of  an  American  that  can  at  all  be  compared 
with  this.  The  style  is  idiomatic  and  thoroughly  English,  formed 
in  our  best  school.  We  are  often  compelled  to  admire  the  beauty 
of  the  periods  when  we  are  most  disposed  to  differ  from  the  senti 
ments  which  they  convey." — Lon.  Monthly  Review. 

4.  Critical  and  Miscellaneous  Essays,  Series  First,  Bost, 
1845, 12mo.  5.  Series  Second,  1847,  12mo.  6.  Poems,  1845, 
8vo.  To  Sparks's  American  Biography,  Mr.  Everett  con 
tributed  the  Life  of  Joseph  Warren,  in  1st  Series,  x.  91, 
and  the  Life  of  Patrick  Henry,  in  2d  Series,  i.  207. 

Mr.  Everett's  principal  contributions  to  the  North  Ameri 
can  Review  are  on  the  following  subjects:  1.  French  Dra 
matic  Literature.  2.  Louis  Bonaparte.  3.  Private  Life  of 
Voltaire.  4.  Literature  of  the  18th  Century.  5.  Dialogue 
on  Representative  Government,  between  Dr.  Franklin  and 
President  Montesquieu.  6.  Bernardin  de  St.  Pierre.  7. 
Madame  de  Stae'l.  8.  J.  J.  Rousseau.  9.  Mirabeau.  10. 
Schiller.  11.  Chinese  Grammar.  12.  Cicero  on  Govern 
ment  13.  Memoirs  of  Madame  Campan.  14.  Degerando's 
History  of  Philosophy.  15.  Lord  Byron. 


EVE 

The  following  were  written  whilst  in  Spain  : 

16.  McCulloch's  Political  Economy.  17.  Authorship  of 
Gil  Bias.  18.  Baron  de  StaeTs  Letters  on  England.  19. 
Paraguay.  20.  The  Art  of  Being  Happy.  21.  Politics  of 
Europe.  22.  Chinese  Manners.  23.  Irving's  Columbus. 
24.  Definitions  in  Political  Economy,  by  Malthus.  25. 
Cousin's  Intellectual  Philosophy.  26.  Canova. 

The  following  were  written  whilst  editor  and  proprietor 
of  the  Review : 

27.  British  Opinions  on  the  Protecting  System.  28. 
Politics  of  Europe.  29.  Tone  of  British  Criticism.  30. 
Stewart's  Moral  Philosophy.  31.  The  American  System. 
32.  Life  of  Henry  Clay.  33.  Life  and  Writings  of  Sir 
James  Mackintosh.  34.  Irving's  Alhambra.  35.  Nullifi 
cation.  36.  The  Union  and  the  States.  37.  Hamilton's 
Men  and  Manners  in  America.  38.  Early  Literature  of 
Modern  Europe.  39.  Early  Literature  of  France.  40. 
Progress  and  Limits  of  Social  Improvement.  41.  Origin 
and  Character  of  the  Old  Parties.  42.  Character  of  Jeffer 
son.  43.  Dr.  Channing.  44.  Thomas  Carlyle. 

His  principal  contributions  to  the  Democratic  Review 
are  the  following: 

1.  The  Spectre  Bridegroom,  from  Burger.  2.  The  Water 
King;  a  Legend  of  the  Norse.  3.  The  Grecian  Gossips, 
imitated  from  Theocritus.  4.  The  Worth  of  Woman,  from 
Schiller.  5.  Enigma.  6  and  7.  The  Framers  of  the  Con 
stitution.  8.  Mrs.  Sigourney.  9.  Sketch  of  Harro  Har- 
ring.  10.  The  Texas  Question.  11.  The  Re-annexation 
of  Texas.  12.  Contemporary  Spanish  Poetry.  13.  Green- 
ough's  Statue  of  Washington.  14.  The  Young  American. 
15.  The  Malthusian  Theory  discussed  in  Letters  to  Pro 
fessor  George  Tucker,  of  the  University  of  Virginia.  16. 
The  Portress;  a  Ballad.  17.  The  Funeral  of  Goethe,  from 
Harro  Barring. 

The  contributions  to  the  Boston  Quarterly  Review  were 
chiefly,  if  not  altogether,  devoted  to  an  exposition  of  the 
questions  connected  with  currency.  Among  Mr.  Everett's 
published  orations  are  the  following:  1.  On  the  Progress 
and  Limits  of  the  Improvement  of  Society.  2.  The  French 
Revolution.  3.  The  Constitution  of  the  United  States. 
4.  State  of  Polite  Literature  in  England  and  the  United 
States.  5.  Moral  Character  of  the  Literature  of  the  last 
and  present  century.  6.  Literary  Character  of  the  Scrip 
tures.  7.  Progress  of  Moral  Science.  8.  Discovery  of 
America  by  the  Northmen.  9.  German  Literature.  10.  Bat 
tle  of  New  Orleans.  11.  Battle  of  Bunker  Hill. 

Everett,  David,  d.  1813,  aged  44,  editor  of  Boston 
Patriot,  and  subsequently  of  The  Pilot,  was  a  native  of 
Princeton,  Massachusetts,  and  graduated  at  Dartmouth 
College  in  1795.  1.  Common  Sense  in  Dishabille,  or  The 
Farmer's  Monitor,  1799.  2.  Daranzel;  a  Tragedy,  1800. 
3.  Political  Essays  in  the  Boston  Gazette,  over  the  signa 
ture  of  Junius  Americanus. 

Everett,  Edward,  one  of  the  most  distinguished  ora 
tors  and  scholars  of  modern  times,  born  1794,  in  Dorches 
ter,  near  Boston,  Massachusetts,  is  a  younger  brother  of 
ALEXANDER  H.  EVERETT  :  see  ante.  He  entered  Harvard 
College  at  the  age  of  13,  and  graduated  with  distinguished 
credit  in  1811.  After  two  years  of  preparatory  study  in  the 
divinity  school  in  Cambridge,  he  was  at  the  early  age  of  19 
chosen  to  succeed  the  eloquent  Buckminster,  by  whose 
death  the  pulpit  of  the  Brattle  Street  Church  had  been  left 
vacant.  As  a  pulpit  orator  Mr.  Everett  soon  attained  that 
distinction  which  he  has  invariably  acquired  in  every  de 
partment  of  life  which  he  has  successively  occupied.  An 
extract  from  a  letter  of  the  late  Judge  Story  will  prove 
interesting  in  this  connexion.  The  writer  refers  to  a  cele 
brated  sermon  of  Mr.  Everett,  entitled  "  Brethren,  the  time 
is  short,"  delivered  in  the  capitol  at  Washington,  in  Febru 
ary,  1820: 

"  The  sermon  was  truly  splendid,  and  was  heard  with  a  breath 
less  silence.  The  audience  was  very  large;  and,  being  in  that 
magnificent  apartment  of  the  House  of  Representatives,  it  had  vast 
effect.  I  saw  Mr.  King,  of  New  York,  and  Mr.  Otis,  of  Massachu 
setts,  there.  They  were  both  very  much  affected  with  Mr.  Everett's 
sermon;  and  Mr.  Otis,  in  particular,  wept  bitterly.  There  were 
some  very  touching  appeals  to  our  most  delicate  feelings,  on  the  loss 
of  our  friends.  Indeed,  Mr.  Everett  was  almost  universally  admired, 
as  the  most  eloquent  of  preachers.  Mr.  King  told  me  he  never 
heard  a  discourse  so  full  of  unction,  eloquence,  and  good  taste." 

The  following  tributes  from  the  same  distinguished  au 
thority  may  perhaps  be  properly  quoted  in  this  place : 

"I  thank  you  most  sincerely  for  the  high  pleasure  and  instruc 
tion  you  have  given  me  in  this  number  of  the  [N.  American]  Review. 
I  agree  with  you  as  to  Mr.  Tudor's  book,  and  you  have  almost  per 
suaded  me  you  are  right  as  to  the  Indians.  If  you  continue  to 
write  thus  powerfully,  in  such  a  strain  of  manly,  vigorous  sense, 
with  such  glowing  eloquence,  you  will  humble  all  of  us,  but  nobly 
exalt  the  pride  and  character  of  our  country." — Letter  to  Edward 
EverM,  Salem,  January  15, 1820. 


EVE 

"  Mr.  Everett,  whom  you  may  remember  at  Boston,  made  his 
maiden  speech  on  this  occasion,  [Proposition  to  amend  the  Con 
stitution  ;  debate  in  House  of  Representatives,  Washington,  session 
of  1825-26.]  It  received  very  great  applause  from  its  manner  as 
well  as  matter.  He  bids  fair  to  be  an  eminent  statesman,  after 
having  figured  a  considerable  time  as  an  eminent  clergyman." — Let 
ter  to  J.  Evelyn  Denison,  Esq.,  M.P.,  Washington,  March  15, 1826. 

The  reader  will  thank  us  for  thus  recording  the  testimony 
of  Judge  Story  to  Mr.  Everett's  eminence  as  a  preacher, 
an  essayist,  and  a  political  orator.  We  shall  have  occa 
sion,  before  closing  this  article,  to  quote  still  further  from 
the  same  distinguished  authority.  No  man  more  highly 
valued  Mr.  Everett's  natural  talents  and  ripe  scholarship, 
and  no  man  would  have  more  heartily  welcomed  the  great 
intellectual  monument  which  he  so  well  knew  these  talents 
and  scholarship  were  capable  of  erecting.  But  we  antici 
pate.  In  1812,  at  the  early  age  of  18,  he  was  appointed 
Latin  tutor  in  Harvard  College. 

In  1814  he  pub.  a  volume  of  about  500  pages,  entitled  A 
Defence  of  Christianity,  in  answer  to  The  Grounds  of 
Christianity  Examined,  by  George  B.  English.  These 
works  we  have  already  noticed  at  length.  See  ENGLISH, 
GEORGE  B. 

In  1815  he  was  elected  professor  of  the  Greek  Language 
and  Literature  in  Harvard  College,  with  the  understanding 
that  he  should  spend  some  time  in  Europe  before  engaging 
in  the  arduous  duties  of  this  post.  Whilst  abroad  he  made 
the  acquaintance  of  Scott,  Byron,  Jeffrey,  Campbell,  Mack 
intosh,  Romilly,  Davy,  and  other  distinguished  literary 
and  political  characters. 

In  1819  he  returned  home  and  entered  upon  the  duties 
of  the  Greek  Professorship.  In  addition  to  his  regular  lec 
tures,  he  found  time  to  publish  a  Greek  Grammar,  trans,  by 
him  from  the  German  of  Buttman,  and  a  Greek  Reader, 
based  upon  that  of  Mr.  Jacobs.  We  extract  a  notice  of 
this  portion  of  Mr.  Everett's  life,  from  Mr.  Hayward's  arti 
cle  on  American  Orators  and  Statesmen,  in  the  London 
Quarterly  Review  for  December,  1840  : 

"  Edward  Everett  is  one  of  the  most  remarkable  men  living.  He 
is  a  native  of  Massachusetts,  and  was  born  about  1796.  At  nine 
teen  he  had  already  acquired  the  reputation  of  an  accomplished 
scholar,  and  was  drawing  large  audiences  as  a  Unitarian  preacher. 
At  twenty-one  (the  age  at  which  Roger  Ascham  achieved  a  similar 
distinction)  he  was  appointed  Professor  of  Greek  in  Harvard  Uni 
versity,  and  soon  afterwards  he  made  a  tour  of  Europe,  including 
Greece.  M.  Cousin,  who  was  with  him  in  Germany,  informed  a 
friend  of  ours  that  he  was  one  of  the  best  Grecians  he  ever  knew, 
and  the  translator  of  Plato  must  have  known  a  good  many  of  the 
best.  On  his  return  from  his  travels  he  lectured  on  Greek  litera 
ture  with  the  enthusiasm  and  success  of  another  Abelard — we 
hope,  without  the  Heloise." 

He  became  editor  of  the  North  American  Review  in 
January,  1820,  and  in  the  next  four  years  contributed  to 
its  pages  about  fifty  papers,  to  which  are  to  be  added  sixty 
more,  written  whilst  the  Review  was  under  the  manage 
ment  of  his  brother  Alexander,  and  of  those  who  succeeded 
him.  Mr.  Everett  has  given  us  reason  to  hope  for  the  pub 
lication  of  a  selection  from  these  excellent  papers,  and 
from  the  speeches,  reports,  and  correspondence,  prepared 
from  time  to  time  in  the  discharge  of  his  official  duties. 
We  trust,  however,  that  the  contributions  to  the  Review 
will  be  given  without  the  least  curtailment;  and  the  rather 
from  the  fact  that  the  earlier  numbers  of  this  periodical  are 
not  only  now  scarce,  but  not  to  be  had — save  on  rare  oc 
casions — at  any  price  whatever.  On  the  8th  of  May,  1822, 
Mr.  Everett  was  married  by  his  old  classmate,  the  Rev.  N. 
L.  Frothingham,  D.D.,  to  Charlotte  Gray,  a  daughter  of 
Peter  Chardon  Brooks,  one  of  the  leading  men  of  Boston. 
Mr.  Brooks  died  January  1,  1849,  and  his  biography  has 
been  written  by  Mr.  Everett. 

In  1824  Mr.  Everett  was  elected  to  the  United  States  Con 
gress  by  the  voters  of  Middlesex,  Massachusetts,  and  sat  in 
the  House  of  Representatives  for  ten  years.  Upon  his  re 
turn  from  Congress  in  1835,  he  was  for  four  successive  years 
elected  Governor  of  Massachusetts,  and  at  the  next  elec 
tion  defeated  by  only  one  out  of  more  than  100,000  votes. 
In  1841  he  was  appointed  Minister  Plenipotentiary  to  the 
Court  of  St.  James,  and  resided  in  London  for  about  five 
years.  Not  the  least  gratifying  testimonial  of  respect 
accorded  to  Mr.  Everett  in  England,  was  the  degree  of 
D.C.L.,  by  the  Universities  of  Oxford  and  Cambridge,  and 
from  Dublin.  On  his  return  home,  in  1846,  he  was  elected 
to  the  Presidency  of  Harvard  College,  and  retained  this  ho 
nourable  post  until  1849,  when  he  tendered  his  resignation, 
and  was  succeeded  by  Jared  Sparks.  On  the  decease  of 
Daniel  Webster,  Mr.  Everett  was  appointed  Secretary  of 
State  of  the  United  States,  and  in  1853  he  succeeded 
John  Davis  as  a  national  Senator.  In  consequence  of  the 
failure  of  his  health,  he  soon  resigned  his  seat,  and  is 
now  (1858)  living  in  retirement  at  Boston,  occupied,  it  is 


EVE 


EVE 


believed,  in  the  preparation  of  a  systematic  treatise  on  the 
modern  Low  of  Nation?.  Sec  Orisw. •!«>'•  is  of 

America:  Men  of  the  Time.  N.  York.  1852 :  The  Mm.. bed 
Boston  Orators,  by  .lame-  S.  Loring.  Boston.  I 

In  addition  to  tho  Defence  of  Christianity,  alltttb  ""  " 
tioned.  nnd  a  number  of  occasional  addi  'I  I'1' 

tore,  reports.  A.  .  Mr.  Everett  has  published.  1.  Orations 
and  Speeches  on  Various  Occasions,  183o.  8vo.  This  vol. 
contains  27  speeches.  Ac.  delivered  from  lS'jr»-3fi.  2.  Im 
portance  of  Practical  Education  nnd  Useful  KttOWfalfiJ 
a  selection  from  his  Orations  and  other  Discourses.  (|'iil». 
in  18:50.)  N.  York.  1847,  12mo.  This  work  was  originally 
prepared  for  the  Massachusetts  District  School  Library,  at 
the  request  of  the  Board  of  Education.  3.  Orations  nnd 
Speeches  on  Various  Occasions  from  1826  to  1860,  2d  ed.. 
Boston,  1850.  8  rols.  8vo.  This  ed.  includes  all  that  were 
in  the  ed.  of  1836.  3d  ed.,  1853,  2  vols.  Jvo.  These  vo 
lumes  contain  eighty-one  articles;  certainly  among  the 
most  valuable  ever  issued  from  the  American  or  British 
press.  The  titles  and  dates  are  as  follows: 

I.  The  Circumstances  Favourable  to  the  Progress  of 
Literature  in  America,  1824.  II.  The  First  Settlement  ..f 
New  England.  1824.  III.  The  First  Battles  of  the  Revo 
lutionary  War,  1826.  IV.  The  Principle  of  the  Ameri 
can  Constitutions,  1826.  V.  Adams  and  Jefferson,  1826. 
VI.  The  History  of  Liberty,  1828.  VII.  Monument  to 
John  Harvard.  'l828.  VIII.  Speech  at  Nashville,  Ten 
nessee.  1S29.  IX.  Speech  at  Lexington,  Kentucky,  1829. 
X.  Speech  at  the  Yellow  Springs,  in  Ohio,  1829.  XI.  Tho 
Settlement  of  Massachusetts,  1830.  XII.  Importance  of 
Scientific  Knowledge  to  Practical  Men,  and  the  Eneou- 
ragements  to  its  Pursuit :  the  substance  of  several  addresses. 
XIII.  The  Working  Men's  Party.  1S30.  X  I  V.  Advantage 
of  Scientific  Knowledge  to  Working  Men.  1831.  XV.  Co- 
loniiAtion  nnd  Civilirntion  of  Africa,  1832.  XVI.  Edu 
cation  in  the  Western  Stales.  1833.  XVII.  The  Bunker 
Hill  Monument,  1833.  XVIII.  Temperance.  1833.  N  I  \ 
The  Sercn  Years'  War  the  School  of  the  Revolution,  1833. 
XX.  The  Education  of  Mankind.  1833.  XXI.  Agricul 
ture,  1833.  XXII.  Eulogy  on  Lafayette.  1831.  \\lll. 
The  Battle  of  Lexington,"  1835.  XXIV.  The  Youth  of 
Washington,  1835.  XXV.  Education  Favourable  to  Li 
berty,  Morals,  and  Knowledge,  1835.  XXVI.  The  Battle 
of  Blooriy  Brook,  1835.  XXVII.  The  Boyhood  and  Youth 
of  Franklin,  1829.  XXVIII.  Fourth  of  July  at  Lowell. 
1830.  XXIX.  American  Manufactories,  1831.  X\\ 
Anecdotes  of  Early  Local  History,  1833.  XXXI.  The 
Western  Bailroad,  1835.  XXXII.  Anniversary  of  the 
Settlement  of  Springfield.  1S36.  XXXI II.  The'  Import 
ance  of  the  Militia,  1836.  XX XIV.  The  Seventeenth  of 
June  at  Charlestown,  1836.  XXXV.  Harvard  Centennial 
Anniversary.  1836.  XXXVI.  The  Settlement  of  Dedham. 

1836.  XXXVII.    The  Cattle   Show  at  Danvers.    1884 
XXXVI II.  The  Irish  Charitable  Society.  1S37.      X\  \  I  V 
Improvements  in  Prison  Discipline,  1837.     XL.  Superior 
and  Popular  Education,  1837.     XLI.  The  Boston  School?. 

1837.  XLII.   The   Importance  of  the   Mechanic  Art*, 
1837.     XLIIL  Reception  of  the  Sauks  and  Foxes,  1837. 
XL1V.  Dr.  Bowditch,  1838.     XLV.  Fourth  of  July.  1838. 
XLVI.  Education  the  Nurture  of  the  Mind,  1838.    XLV  1 1. 
Festival  at  Exeter,  1838.     XLVIII.  Accumulation,  Pro 
perty,  Capital,  Credit,  1838.     XLIX.  Importance  of  Edu 
cation  in  a  Republic,  1838.     L.  The  Settlement  at  Baru- 
itable.  1839.     LI.  Normal  Schools,  1839.     LII.  Opening 
of  the  Railroad  to  Springfield,  1839.     LIII.  The  ScotV 
Charitable  Society.  1839.     L1V.  John  Lowell,  Jr.,  Founder 
of  the  Lowell  Institute:  a  Memoir,  1839.     LV.  Dr.  Ro 
binson's  Medal,  1842.     LVI.  British  Association  at  Man 
chester.   1842.      LVII.   University  of  Cambridge,   1842. 
LVI  1 1.  The  Royal  Agricultural  Society  at  Bristol,  1842. 
LIX.  Agricultural  Society  at  Waltham,  1842.     LX.  York 
Minster.  1S42.     LX1.  Lord  Mayor's  Day,  1842.     LXII. 
The  Geological  Society  at  London.     LXIII.  The  Roval 
Academy  of  Art  1843.     LXIV.  Royal   Literary  Fund, 
1843.     I, XV.  The  Agricultural   Society  at   DerbV.   1843. 
LXM.   Reception   at    Hereford,   1843.     LXVII."  Saffron 
Walden.   1843.      1.XV1H.   Scientific  Association   at   Cam 
bridge,   England  \  rilcriln    Vaihers. 
1845.  LX\.  I  nircrsity  Education.  184rt.  LXXI.  The  New 
Medical  College  at  Boston,  1846.     LXXII.  The  Famine 
in  Ireland,  1847.     LXXIII.  Aid  to  the  Colleges  of  Massa 
chusetts,  1848.     LXXIV.  Eulogy  on  John  Quiuev  V 
1848.  LXXV.  The  Cambridge  High  School.  1S4S.  'l.X  X  VI. 
Second  Speech  in  Aid  of  the  College*  of  Mnssncb-.- 
184'.).     LXXVH.  American  Scientific  Association,  1849. 
LXXVllt.  The  Departureof  the  Pilgrims.  184'.'        \  \    \ 
Cattle  Show  at  Dedhaui,  1849.     LXXX.  The  Nineteenth 


of  April  at  Concord.  1850.  LXXX1.  The  Bible:  Annual 
ngof  the  Massachusetts  l>H>le  Society.  May  L'7.  ls,r.O. 
Since  the  above  was  written,  a  third  volume  «\  Mr.  I  | 
rett's  Orations.  Discourses,  Ac.,  ha-  been  placed  in  (lie  hand* 
of  the  printer,  and  is  to  be  j-nl..  in  l'.ost«.n  in  IS/.s.  Itu,]) 
contain — Lectures  on  the  Civilization  of  the  Peruvians  and 
Astecs,  and  on  the  Discov. w  .  t  \m.  ,:,  i  l.y  tlie  Northmen  ; 
•us  and  Speeches  on  the  fidhnving  »,-, -asions  and  sub 
jects:  The  Anniversary  of  tho  Battle  of  BnnUor  Hill.  17th 
•  lime.  1860;  The  Annual  Examination  of  the  Cambridge 
High  School ;  Dinner  to  Ainin  Bey  :  Union  Dinner  at  New 
York,  22d  Feb.,  1851;  Cattle  Show  at  Lowell:  The  Rail 
road  Festival  in  Boston,  on  opening  the  road  to  Canada; 
Massachusetts  State  Agricultural  Society;  The  Warren 
Street  Chapel ;  Dinner  of  the  Alumni  of  Harvard  College; 
\nothcr  Cambridge  High  School  Examination;  Dinner  to 
Mr.  Thomas  Raring:  Hampshire  Agricultural  Society  ;  In 
I  1 1. ill.  on  i  ho  Death  of  Daniel  Webster;  Colonisa 
tion  Society  at  Washington;  Discovery  and  Colonization 
of  America,  before  the  New  Y.-rU  Historical  Society :  Fourth 
of  .Inly,  in  Fancuil  Hall,  on  Stability  and  Progress;  The 
Sailing  of  the  Pilgrims,  nt  Plymouth,  in  August,  1853; 
New  Hamp-hire  Agricultural  Society  ;  Death  of  Vice  Pre 
sident  irth  of  July,  1855.  lit  Doreholer  :  School 
Festival  in  Fancuil  Hall;  Death  of  Mr.  Lawrence,  in  Fa- 
neuil  Hall ;  United  States  Agricultural  Festival  in  r>o-t»n  ; 
Presentation  of  the  Cane  of  Washington.  F,.b.  |i,18W)  also 
a  Memoir  of  Peter  C.  Brooks,  and  some  other  articles.  This 
volume  will  contain  a  copious  index  to  the  three  volumes, 
making  it  a  necessary  companion  to  roK  i.  ami  ii.  Those 
who  would  witness  a  rcuiftrkahle  illustration  of  tho  power 
of  eloquence  to  transfuse  life  and  beauty  into  tin-  ioa<-hiiu:s 

I  of  science,  the  lessons  of  history,  the  ethics  of  politics. 

|  and  vicissitudes  of  letters,  will  not  neglect  to  devote  "  their 
days  and  nights"  to  the  Orations  of  Edward  Kvcictt. 

We  need  hardly  remind  our  readers  that  Mr.  Everett  has 
substantial  claims  to  the  character  of  a  poet.  The  Dirge 
of  Alaric  tho  Visigoth,  and  the  beautiful  poem  of  Santa 
.  arc  among  the  few  compositions  which  tho  remem 
brance  of  school-boy  declamation  can  present,  without  fear 
of  rehuKo.  i"  the  niaturer  judgment  of  riper  years.  Several 
other  poetical  pro, hi,  (ions  are  among  the  evidences  of  their 
author's  remaiKable  versatility  of  talent,  A  Notice  of  the 
Life  and  Works  of  the  late  Daniel  Webster,  by  Mr.  Eve 
rett,  will  bo  found  in  the  collective  edition  of  the  works  of 
the  former.  Boston,  1852,  6  vols.  8ro.  To  the  same  dis 
tinguished  pen  belong  the  Life  of  General  Stark,  in  Sparks's 
Library  of  American  Riography.  (1st  series,  i.  1.)  and  seve 
ral  of  tho  Annual  Reports  of  the  Massachusetts  Board  of 
Education.  The  merits  of  Mr.  Everett's  productions  are 
duly  estimated,  both  at  home  and  abroad,  and  wo  regret 
that  our  limited  space  renders  brevity  of  quotation  from, 
commendatory  notices  a  matter  of  necessity. 

The  first  oration  which  drew  upon  Mr.  Everett  the  |Mf 
i>t  hi-  countrymen  at  large  was  delivered  at  Cambridge 
before  the  1'h'i  I'-cia  Kappa  Society.  August  27, 1824.  The 
on  was  one  well  calculated  to  call  forth  the  eloquence 
of  the  young  orator.  He  stood  in  the  presence  of  much 
of  the  genius  and  learning  of  the  land:  of  those  who  had 

!  written  their  names  in  their  country's  history,  and  whose 
fame  was  not  confined  to  the  vast  republic  which  claimed 
them  a?  her  sons. 

But  the  remembrance  of  the  mighty  dead  would  have 
proved  a  stronger  spell  thau  the  presence  of  the  living, 
had  it  not  been  that  the  companion  of  the  departed,  the 
brot her-in -arms  of  the  Father  of  his  country,  sat  that  day 
an  honoured  guest  of  the  chief  estate!  of  the  land  which 
he  had  aided  to  redeem.  When  the  youthful  orator  had 
excited  to  an  almost  painful  pitch  the  feelings  of  the  ftlt 
assemblage  who  hung  upon  his  lips, — when  they  smiled 
or  wept,  sorrowed  over  the  past  or  exulted  in  the  present, 
at  the  will  of  the  master  who  carried  them  as  he  liM> 
he  suddenly  turned  to  the  illustrious  guest  who  had  seen 
so  much  of  the  rise  and  fall  of  human  greatness — who  had 
witnessed  alike  the  destruction  of  a  throne  and  tho  birth 

j  of  a  nation — nnd  addressed  him  in  an  apostrophe  never  to 
be  forgotten  by  auditor  or  reader : 

"  Welcome,  friend  of  our  fathers,  to  our  shores!  Happy  are  our 
e>e«  tbut  Ivh.'ld  lh.w  venerable  feature*!  Knjoy  •  triumph  such 
as  never  conqueror  nor  inomrvh  enjoyed— the  assurance  that 
throughout  America  there  is  not  a  bosom  which  does  not  beat 
with  joy  and  jrrwtitude  at  the  sound  of  your  name!  You  hare 
already' met  and  whu.M.  cr  « ill  toon  mwt,  the  few  that  remain 
of  th«  ardent  patriots.  ,>ru.lont  counsellor*,  and  brave  warriors, 
with  wn.'iu  VM  "<>re  itMnctatod  tn  achieving  our  liberty.  Hut 
you  have  looked  round  in  rain  tor  tho  fa.v;  of  m.inv.  «h  >  would 
h*v«  lived  year*  of  ploAMitv  on  a  day  like  (Viis.  with  their  old 
companion-insrnn*  and  brother  tn  peril.  1  in.  lu.  and  Greene, 
and  Kuox,  and  Hamilton,  are  gone;  the  heroes  of  Saratoga  and 


EVE 

Yorktown  have  fallen  before  the  enemy  that  conquers  all.    Above  j 
all  th<>  Hrst  of  heroes  and  of  men,  the   friend  ol  \our  youth,  the 
mow  than  friond  of  hi*  country,  rests  In  the  bosom  ol  the  s  >il  h- 
redeemed     On  tho  banks  of  the  PotODUtt  he  Ifot  In  glory  and  i 

You  will  revisit   Hi"  h.'spitaHe  shades  »l    Mount   \einon.  lull  him 
whomyouvener.il, 'd  a-- \\odid.\oii  will  meet  not  at  lt«  door.     His 


rannol  now  bieal*  111  ilWu  e  t-  bid  fOtt  wel.om,-  lo  his  own  r.x<l. 
Itul  tbci-ialetul  ,-hildreu  of  Anieii.a  will  bid  >  on  welcome  to  our 
shores'  iuidwhithersoc\er  jour  course  shall  take  >..u.  tlnoushout 
the  limiK  of  the  eontlneut.  the  ear  that  hears  \  on  shall  bless  you. 
tho  eve  that  Beesy.  -it  ness  to  >on.  and  BTOrj  tongue 

eXC,l«lm.  with  heart  li-l  I    jo\  .  '  «  olcoiue'    wel.  -me     !,:•    I  •:i»etl.- 

A  review  of  lhi>  oiation.  and  of  one  ,loh\oio.|  at  Ply 
mouth  in  December  of  Hie  SMIUO  \cai.  «ill  be  found  in  the 
North  American  K,-»ie«  i."  \pnl.  IS25.  To  recommend 
its  penpal  to  the  reader,  nothing  more  need  be  said  than 
to  give  tho  name  of  its  author — Jared  Sparks,  Mr.  Eve 
rett's  M>.  ,  ,••  ,  t  MI  (bo  pi,"  i,!onc\  of  Mai  \  aid  College.  Wo 

a  tew  lines  from  the  conclusion: 

-   .  M-il  uliitory  remarks  And  closing  rcfteo- 
.,,.  utter*)  in  A  stylo  of  uncommon  brilliancy  and  richness1, 
th,-\   in,  ol.  ile  lofty  and  animating  Bcntimonts,  and  constitute 
nli.'  ,  i  her  a  rare  specimen  of  eloquence  and  line  writing." 

Perhaps  one  of  the  host  reviews  of  Mr.  Everett's  Ora 
tions  is  that  by  Prof.  E.  l.abonlaye,  of  the  College  of 
France,  in  the  Journal  des  D6bats,  Oct.  fl,  18511.  We  re 
gret  that  we  can  find  room  for  a  brief  extract  only: 

"11  est  curioux  do  sulvre  la  vie  publlquo  d'un  tel  homme.  .-I 
O'est  ce  qu'll  cut  ais6  do  tklre  dans  les  deux  volumes  ,|ue  nous  avons 
nous  les  yeux.  11  n'y  A  la  nl  sos  opuvros  Htteralres  nl  sos  harangues 
polltlques,  mals  seuleinont  les  dlscours  quo  dopuls  (rente  ans  a 
pronouoes  M.  Kverett  chaquo  fols  qu'll  s'cst  »r«u\e  en  i 
avoe  RCS  eoucilovens.  I, ON  sujets  sont  naturcllement  tros  varies, 
la  pen  see  y  est  toujours  la  ineme;  tout  s'y  rod  nil  fc  un  seul  point, 
rcdu.'alioii  iutellei'tuelle.  morale.  patrintlquo.  dil  pcuple.  L  VUuM 
e-.(  ,1  nr.  la  parole  coinmc  die  ost  dans  la  v  ie  de  1'anl,  or  " 

An  eloquent  review  of  Mr.  Everett's  orations,  by  Pro- 
I'.li,  n.  will  be  found  in  tho  N.  American  Review 
for  October.  ISM),  and  an  adinii  able  analynis  of  his  mental 
characteristics  and  oratorical  stylo,  by  a  distinguished 
critic,  himself  an  orator  of  renown,  occurs  in  tho  same 
periodical  for  January,  1837.  Wo  give  a  brief  extract 
from  the  la  I  tor: 

"Tho  great  charm  of  Mr.  Everett's  orations  consists  not  so  m  uch 
In  MIIV  single  and  stronglv-dovelopod  intellectual  trait  as  In  that 
symmetry  and  llnlsh  which,  on  every  page,  give  token  of  tho 
richly-endowed  and  thorough  scholar.  Tho  natural  movements 
d  In.  mind  are  full  of  grace :  and  tho  most  Indllforont  sentence 
which  falls  from  his  pen  has  that  simple  elegance  which  It  Is  AH 
dim,  nil  to  define  as  It  Is  easy  to  perceive.  Ills  level  passages  aro 
n.-v.-i  lame,  and  his  lino  ones  aro  never  superfine.  Ills  stvlo.  w  ilh 
matchless  flexibility,  rises  and  falls  with  bis  subject,  am!  Is  alter- 
natelv  .  a--\ .  v  iv  id.  elevated,  ornamented,  or  picturesque ;  Adapting 
llselt  l.>  I  lie  domiiiAut  mood  of  tho  mind,  AS  an  instrument  re 
sponds  to  the  touch  of  a  master's  hand.  Ills  knowledge  Is  so 
extensive,  and  the  field  of  his  allusions  so  wide,  that  the  most 
familiar  views.  In  passing  through  his  hands,  gather  such  a  halo  of 
luminous  Illustrations,  that  their  likeness  seems  transformed,  and 
weentertaln  doubts  of  their  Identity." — UKOINO:  HTII.LMAN  llu.t.Aun. 

Mr.  Tnokorman  also  notices  this  remarkable  power  of 
adaptation  to  subjects  tho  most  incongruous,  which  Mr. 
Everett's  mind  exhibits  in  so  eminent  a  dogroo: 

"If  Webster  Is  thoMlehaol  Augelo  of  American  oratory,  Kven-lt 
Is  tho  Hanhaol.  In  the  former's  definition  of  eloi|uence,  ho  recog 
nises  II  iii.ni  ,  -.  i.ienceln  I  he  occasion  as  well  as  In  t  ho  man  and 
in  the  subject,  Ills  own  oratory  Is  remarkable  for  grasping  I  ho 
bold  and  essential;  for  developing,  as  It  were,  the  anatomical  basis 
— the  very  sinews  And  nerves  of  bis  subject — while  Kvorott  In- 
ntlucth.'lv  catches  Attd  nnl<>l,|>.  the  >•  race  of  occasion,  whatever  It, 
be;  III  his  mind  the  sense  ofheaiity  Is  \  i\  Id.  and  nothing  Is  more 

surprising  in  his  nrnlm-v  (ban  Hi i-;eand  fi.llily  with  which  he 

Bel/,es  upon  the  redeemlnir  a^-oeia  I  inns  of  every  tOftlO.  however  far 
rein. .v,', I  it  niav  heti.-in  t  he  Ie., .it  imate  ,|.  .niaiii  of  taste  or  scholar 
ship."  r/i.innY.'n.^ic*  <;/'  l.ii<  >•< thin' ;  srwnd  tfriftf  Tht,  Orator: 

F.rnrtt. 

Tho  introduction  ,,f  the  name  -I  ham,, I  \\  ,d, . lor  give* 
us  an  opportunity  of  presenting  a  sketch,  drawn  by  this 
(Moinent  statesman,  of  the  services  and  character  of  the 
subject  of  our  notice : 

"  \Ve  all  remember  him, — somo  of  us  personally, — myself,  cer- 
inlnly,  with  groat  Interest,  In  his  deliberations  lu  (lie  Congress  of 
the  United  Htates,  to  which  ho  brought  such  a  ,i  •  ,. ,  •  >  i.-a  ruing, 
and  abllltv,  and  eloquence,  as  few  ei|ualled,  and  none  surpassed. 
He  administered,  afterwards,  satisfactorily  to  his  fcllow-el»l»ens, 
the  .luii,  -I  Hi,-  ehalr  of  tho  commonwealth.  He  then,  I,,  the 
great  advantage  of  his  counli  v  .  v\,-nl  abroad.  Ile  was  deputed  to 
"lit  his  government  at  the  most  Important  court  of  I  , 

nod  I an  i,',l  I  hither  many  qualities,  most  of  them  essential,  and 

all,,)  Hi,,,,  ,, m, mental  ami  useful,  to  lllMhat  high  station.  Ile 
had  e. In, -at  inn  and  scholnrshlp.  Ile  had  a  reputation  at  home  and 
nl-road  !M,,ie  than  all.  he  had  an  acquaintance  with  tho  politics 
ol  Hi.-  wild,  with  I  lie  law  ,.|  this  ennnl  iv  and  of  nations,  with  tho 
history  and  policy  ,,f  the  cnmiti  1,-s  of  Knrope.  And  how  well  these 
qilflllli  enahlM  him  (,,  retlert  hnmiiir  upon  the  literal  ure  and 
rhanir'ter  of  his  native  land.  ie>t  we  only,  but  all  the  country  and 
all  the  world,  know,  lie  has  performed  this  career,  And  Is  yet  at 
such  a  period  of  life,  that  I  nmv  venture  something  upon  the  cha 
racter  and  privilege  of  my  countrymen,  when  I  predict,  that,  flume 
who  have  known  him  loug  and  know  him  now,  those  who  have 


EVE 

soon  him  and  see  him  now.  those  who  h:n,-  hoard  him  and  hear 
him  now.  aro  very  UUoh  to  think  that  his  country  has  demands 
uponhlmfbrf\tturee(rort«lttttaMn  knr 

«t  tlf  fimt  vltim'wnMry  Netting  <\f  the  Aforfnik  Atf 

It  is  pleasing  to  know  that  the  friendh.  almost  tiatornal, 
relations  which  united  (ho  hearts  of  those  two  distinguished 
Illinois  were  never  disturbed  by  misunderstanding.*,  nor 
.lulled  by  estrangements.  To  this  gratifying  truth  wo 
have  the'  annexed  touching  testimony.  It  oecurs  In  A 
letter  from  Mr.  Webster  to  Mr.  Everett,  written  but  about 
three  month*  before  the  decease  of  the  former: 

"We  now  and  then  see  stretching  across  the  heavens  a  clear, 
hi  UP,  oornloan  sky,  without  cloud,  or  mist,  or  MUM.  And  suoh 
appears  to  me  our  acquaintance,  from  kht  ttttfWfeMI  I  hoaid  fOU 
ft>ra  week  recite  your  lessons  In  tho  llttlo  sehoolhouso  In  Short 
Street  to  the  date  hoivnf.  I '21st  July,  18ftU."J 

Referring  to  Mr.  Webster's  hopes  of  future  patriotic 
efforts  upon  the  part  of  the  subject  of  this  eulogium,  uo 
may  bo  permitted  to  say  that  und'onlxodly  the  best  service 
that  Mr.  Everett  can  confer  upon  his  country  is  tho  pro 
duction  of  a  great  work  upon  nome  broad  question,  with 
which  tho  Interests  of  humanity  are  sufficiently  connected 
to  insure  the  preservation  of  the  fame  ami  uriulncsn  of 
Hi.-  Author,  with  the  vitality  of  tho  subject.  We  are 
pleased,  therefore,  that  Mr.  Everett  has  selected  the  Law 
of  Nations  as  tho  topic  of  tho  treatise  which  ho  is  now  be 
lieved  to  have  in  course  of  preparation.  Uut  we  cannot 
withhold  tho  expression  of  our  hope  that  the  work  will  be 
less  restricted  in  its  tlold  than  tho  author  leads  us  to  infer, 
when  ho  informs  us  that  it  will  have  especial  reference 
"To  those  !|Ucsl!oiiN  \\luVh  lime  been  dls,  ussed  between  the 

governments  of  Hie  Dulled  States  and  Knrope  MI tli.<  p. we  of 

RM," 

The  commentaries  of  so  able  and  luminous  an  expositor 
upon  the  text.,  original  and  collected,  of  tjroliu,*.  Pnllondorf, 
llurlamaqni,  KlUber,  lleineccius,  l<'ulhocK.  Sohlen,  Luo- 
chcsi-l'alli,  and  Mass<S  would  make  even  the  layman  in 
lovo  with  learning  which,  to  his  groat  !•>•  .  In-  "Men  re- 
grots  as  "beyond  his  lino  and  IUCM  u»v  ^  ••  mint  con 
fess  that  we  are  altogether  unwilling  to  resign  to  the  eru 
dite  gentlemen  of  the  long  robe  all  the  intellectual  pleasure 
and  improvement  arising  from  tho  investigation  ol  the 
principles  of  "  the  |)erl'ection  of  reasoning,"  as  the  law  has 
— rather  ambitiously,  perhaps — boon  styled.  Although  it 
laic,  we  li:i\e  (mind  the  jdiiiosophy  ol'  Jurisprudence  well 
worthy  of  the  "Second  Brother's"  commendation  of  philo 
sophy  in  general,  in  that 

"  Perpetual  feast  of  nectar'd  sweets,"— 
the  IMasquo  of  Comus. 

Hut  to  return  to  Mr.  Everett's  projected  work:  we  con 
fess  that  WO  hope  with  trembling,  \\lien  \\.'  remember  the 
many  instances  in  which  the  groat  iolelleelu:il  nrchitocts 
of  our  race  have  nuod  the  hall  built  e.litlee  (.»  the  ground, 
or  refused  to  finish  its  proportions,  from  a  despair  ol'  equal 
ling  an  ideal  model,  from  which  the  severity  of  art  exqui 
sitely-refined  judgment  would  tolerate  no  di'inl.  :ih.<n. 
Much  is  thus  forever  lost  to  the  world,  \\hi<  h  would  have 

Rladly  profited  by  (but  which  has  been  mistakenly  \\ilh 
eld.  Such  severe  judges  of  their  own  labours  must  con 
sider  not  only  what  their  works  lack  of  perfection,  but  lo 
how  groat  an  extent  the  minds  of  many  of  their  prnspc.-i  i\  o 
readers  aro  deficient  of  even  rudimenlal  knowledge,  and 
tho  perception  of  first  principle*. 

To  provide  for  suoh,  whilst  not  forgetful  of  the  m 

advanced, — to  call  in  tho  poor  and  tho  destitute,  \vho  enn 
make  no  recompense,  as  well  as  to  bid  those  who  can 
summon  in  return  to  tho  intellectual  feast, — may  n<>(  i>.< 
so  gratifying  to  ambition,  but  it  fulfils  charity,  and  10  ro- 
eommeuded  by  the  highest  sanction. 

On  imposing  convocations,  indeed,  Jupiter  entertained 
tho  gods  with  ambrosia;  but  tho  fhnrin  I '«/,'/•  knew  also 
how  to  pre|uire  a,  feast  suited  to  tho  humbler  appetites  of 
mortals.  Hut  if  there  bo,  indeed — though  wo  are  persuaded 
better  things — any  well  grounded  apprehension  that  tho 
world  is  novor  to  behold  tho  noble  superstructure  which 
Mr.  Everett  has  long  been  erecting  upon  tho  sure  founda 
tion  of  lug  deep  and  solid  erudition,  thon  wo  shall  feel  jus 
tified  io  invoking  tho  aid  of  a  potent  champion  on  behalf 
of  a  cause  in  which  the  interests  of  society,  tho  science  of 
legislation,  and  tho  moral  and  intellectual  Improvement 
of  millions,  nre  so  deeply  concerned.  Huroly  such  an  ap 
peal  as  tho  following— an  appeal  so  eloquent,  and  from  an 
authority  always  so  venerable,  and  now  sanctified  by  the 
seal  of  the  tomb — shall  not  prove  in  vain  : 

to*  havo,  I  trust,  nwuy  yours  befhre  you  of  health  an. I  IftbotU 
What  I  desire  Is,  that,  in  addition  to  tho  ninny  beautiful— ay, 
oxuulsltely  beautiful— specimens  of  your  genius  which  wo  have 
hnd  Upon  occasional  tonics,  you  would  now  meditate  some  (treat 
work  for  posterity,  which  shall  make  you  known  mid  Mi  linn  l> 
all  time  HI  we,  your  contemporaries,  now  know  and  esteem  you. 


EVE 

This  should  be  the  crowning  future  purpose  of  your  life.  Sat  ver- 
bum  sapienti.  If  I  should  live  to  see  it,  I  should  hail  it  with  the 
highest  pleasure.  If  I  am  dead,  pi-ay  remember  that  it  was  one 
of  the  thoughts  which  clung  most  closely  to  me  to  the  very  last." 
—Judge  Story  to  Hon.  Edward  Ei:erett,  Cambridge,  May  30, 1840. 
See  Life  and  Letters  of  Judge  Story,  ii.  333. 

Everett,  Erastus.  A  System  of  English  Versifica 
tion,  N.  York,  1848,  12mo. 

"This  treatise,  which  we  have  examined  with  some  care  and 
pains,  will  be  found  highly  useful  to  those  who  desire  to  become 
acquainted  with  the  laws  of  English  versification." 

Everett,  George.  The  Pathway  to  Peace  and  Profit, 
or,  Truth  in  its  Plain  Dress,  Lon.,  1694,  4to.  Encourage 
ment  for  Seamen  and  Mariners,  1695,  4to. 

Everett,  James.     See  HOLLAND,  JOHW. 

Everett,  John,  a  famous  highwayman,  the  terror  of 
benighted  travellers  on  Hounslow  Heath,  was  executed  at 
Tyburn,  February  20,  1729-30.  Whilst  awaiting  death, 
he  wrote  an  autobiography  entitled  A  genuine  Narrative 
of  the  memorable  Life  and  Actions  of  John  Everett,  &c., 
Lon.,  1730.  A  notice  of  this  curious  work,  accompanied 
with  extracts,  will  be  found  in  the  London  Retrospective 
Review,  vi.  237,  1822. 

"  Perhaps  future  ages  may  render  classical  the  deeds  of  those 
younger  sons  of  good  families  who,  induced  by  necessity  rather 
than  choice,  '  took  to  the  road'  in  search  of  money  and  adventure." 
— Ubi  supra. 

Evershed,  \Vm.     Sub.  of  2  Discourses,  1780,  Svo. 

Eves,  Mrs.  1.  The  Grammatical  Plaything,  1800,  Svo. 
2.  Scripture  made  Easy,  1809,  Svo. 

Eves,  George.     Funl.  Serm.,  Lon.,  1661,  4to. 

Ewart,  John,  M.D.     Cancer,  Bath,  1794,  Svo. 

Ewart,  Rev.  John.  Lectures  on  Psalms,  Lon.,  1822- 
26,  3  vols.  Svo. 

"  Pleasing,  moral,  and  pious." — Lowndes's  Brit.  Lib. 

Ewbank,  George.     Serm.,  1661,  4to. 

Ewbank,  Thomas,  United  States  Commissioner  on 
Patents,  was  born  in  the  tower  of  Barnard  Castle,  in  the 
north  of  England,  in  1792.  Descriptive  and  Historical 
Account  of  Hydraulic  and  other  machines  for  raising 
Water,  Ancient  and  Modern;  including  the  progressive 
development  of  the  Steam  Engine,  New  York,  1842,  Svo; 
2d  ed.,  1849,  Svo. 

"It  is  full  of  the  gossip  of  the  art:  it  is  just  such  a  book  as  any 
amateur  of  mechanics  would  allow  to  be  open  on  his  table  for  the 
purpose  of  passing  the  little  fragments  of  his  time  in  occupation 
of  a  light  and  useful  description." — Lon.  Athen. 

The  World  a  Workshop,  N.Y.,  1855,  12mo.  Life  in 
Brazil,  illustrated,  N.Y.,  1856,  Svo.  Thoughts  on  Matter 
and  Force,  N.  York,  1858.  See  Lon.  Athen.,  1858,  Pt.  2, 
199.  Reminiscences  in  the  Patent-Office  and  of  Scenes  and 
Things  in  Washington,  1858.  In  preparation. 

Ewen,  James.     Ovid's  Heroids,  Lon.,  1787,  Svo. 

Ewen,  W.  M.  1.  Grace  and  Truth,  Edin.,  1763, 12mo. 
2.  Essays,  Doctrinal  and  Practical,  1767,  2  vols.  12mo. 

Ewer,  John,  Bishop  of  Llandaff,  consecrated,  1761. 
Serm.  on  Prov.  xxi.  31,  1762,  4to;  on  Heb.  xiii.  16,  1766, 
4to ;  on  Rom.  x.  14,  1767,  4to. 

Ewes,  Sir  Symonds  D'.     See  D'EwES. 

Ewing,  A.     Serm.  on  the  Church,  Forres,  12mo. 

Ewing,  Alexander,  or  Archibald,  teacher  of  Ma 
thematics,  d.  1804,  at  Edinburgh.  1.  Mathematics,  Lon., 
1772,  '99,  Svo.  2.  Arithmetic,  1773, 12mo.  3.  Astronomy, 
Edin.,  1797,  Svo. 

Ewing,  Alexander,  M.D.  Observ.  on  the  Harverian 
Doctrine,  in  Reply  to  George  Kerr,  Lon..,  1817,  12mo. 

Ewing,  Greville,  1767-1841,  a  native  of  Edinburgh, 
and  a  minister  of  the  Kirk  of  Scotland.  1.  Serm.,  Lon., 
1797,  Svo.  2.  Remarks  on  Dick's  Serm.,  1801.  3.  Greek 
Grammar,  and  Greek  and  Eng.  Lexicon,  Edin.,  1802,  Svo; 
Glasg.,  1812,  Svo  ;  Glasg.  and  Lon.,  1827,  Svo.  See  notices 
in  Orme's  Bibl.  Bib.,  Home's  Bibl.  Bib.,  and  Brit.  Critic. 

4.  Gov't,  Ac.  of  the  Church  of  Christ,  Glasg.,  1807,  12mo. 

5.  Essays  addressed  to  Jews,  Lon.,  1809,  '10,  2  vols.  12mo. 
"They  display  particularly  a  very  accurate  acquaintance  with 

the  Old  Testament  Scriptures,  and  place  many  passages  in  a  new 
and  often  interesting  light."— Orme's  Bibl.  Bib. 

6.  An  Essay  on  Baptism,  Glasg.,  1823,  '24,  12mo. 

See  Mem.  of  Greville  Ewing,  by  his  daughter,  1843,  Svo. 

Ewing,  James.  Report  to  the  Directors  of  the  Glasg. 
Hosp.  rel.  to  the  City  Poor,  Glasg.,  1818. 

«  An  able,  well-written,  and  interesting  report."— McCulloch's  Lit. 
of  Polit.  E/con. 

Report  of  a  Com.  on  the  Burgess  Oath,  1819  Svo 

Ewing,  James.  Justice  of  the  Peace,  &c.  in  N.  Jer 
sey.  New  ed.,  by  a  member  of  the  Bar,  N.  Y.,  1848  Svo. 

Ewing,  John,  D.D.,  1732-1802,  a  native  of  East  Not 
tingham,  Maryland,  graduated  at  Princeton  College  1752  • 
Minister  of  the  First  Presbyterian  Church,  Phila.,'  1758- 
1802;  Provost  of  the  University  of  Pennsylvania,  1779- 
1302.  Account  of  the  Transit  of  Venus  over  the  Sun- 


EYR 

Trans.  Amer.  Soc.  i.  39.  Godfrey's  Quadrant,  ib.  iv.  126. 
Serm.  on  the  death  of  George  Bryan,  1791.  Serm.  in 
Amer.  Preacher,  ii.  Lectures  on  Nat.  Philosophy,  1809. 

"His  qualifications  as  a  minister  of  the  Gospel  were  many  and 
eminent.  Science  was  with  him  a  handmaid  to  religion.  He  was 
mighty  in  the  Scriptures."  See  Linn's  Funl.  Serm.;  Assembly's 
Miss.  Mag.;  Miller,  ii.  372;  Holmes,  ii.  424;  Allen's  Amer.  Biog. 
Diet 

Ewing,  Capt.  Peter.   The  Soldier's  Opera,  1792,  Svo. 

Ewing,  Thomas,  teacher  in  Edinburgh.  1.  The  Eng 
lish  Learner,  Lon.,  1815;  14th  ed.,  1849,  12mo.  2.  Prin 
ciples  of  Elocution,  revised  by  T.  B.  Calvert,  30th  ed.,  Lon., 
1852,  12mo. 

"  Its  materials  are  gathered  with  a  tasteful  hand  from  every  pe 
riod  of  our  literature." — Lon.  Quar.  Jour,  of  Education. 

3.  Rhetorical  Exercises,  12mo.  The  three  preceding 
works  form  a  consecutive  series.  4.  A  New  System  of 
Geography,  1816;  with  a  new  General  Atlas,  17th  ed., 
1849,  12mo. 

"  We  can  recommend  Mr.  Ewing's  book  to  the  Geographical  stu 
dent." — Lon.  Critical  Keview. 

"  By  far  the  most  elegant  and  accurate  Atlas  which  we  have 
seen  on  a  similar  scale." — Blackwootfs  Mag. 

Ewington,  H.  The  Arcana  of  Short-Hand,  1805, 
12mo.  New  ed.,  18mo. 

"  This  little  work  is  the  most  perspicuous,  concise,  and  expedi 
tious  method  that  has  been  hitherto  proposed,  and  we  are  per 
suaded  that  we  do  students  of  Short-hand  a  service,  in  recom 
mending  it  to  their  attention."— Anti-Jacobin  Revieiv,  Feb.  1808. 

Exall,  J.,  a  Baptist  minister  of  Tenterden.  1.  The 
Spirit  of  Inquiry  assisted,  Tenterden,  12mo.  2.  Brief  Cal- 
vinistic  conclusions  on  the  attributes  of  God,  <fcc.,  1824,  Svo. 

Exall,  Joseph.    Serm.,  Prov.  xiii.  15,  Tenterden,  Svo. 

Exall,  Joshua.     Infant  Baptism,  Lon.,  1693,  4to. 

Exton,  Brudenot,  M.D.    Midwifery,  Lon.,  1751,  Svo. 

Exton,  John,  LL.D.,  Judge  of  the  Admiralty.  Mari 
time  Discseologie;  or  Sea  Jurisdiction  in  England,  in  three 
books,  Lon.,  1664,  fol.;  2d  ed.,  1746;  3d  ed.,  1755,  Svo. 

Exton,  Richard  Brudenell,  Rector  of  Athelington. 

1.  Bishop  Hall's  Sacred  Aphorisms,   Lon.,  1823,   12mo. 

2.  Sixty  Lectures  on  the  Psalms  of  the  M.  and  E.  Service, 
1847,  12mo. 

"The  Lectures  are  eloquently  and  piously  written;  and  they 
constitute  an  admirable  source  of  femily  edification  for  the  even 
ings  of  the  Lord's  Day." — Ch.  of  Eng.  Jour. 

Eyre,Edmund  John,  a  comedian,wrote  The  Dreamer 
Awake;  a  Farce,  1791,  Svo,  a  number  of  other  plays, 
and  some  poems.  See  Biog.  Dramat.,  and  WTatt's  Bibl.  Brit. 

Eyre,  Edward.  Secret  Instructions  of  Frederick  II. 
From  the  French  of  the  Prince  de  Ligne,  1798,  12mo. 

Eyre,  Francis,  d.  1804,  a  R.  Catholic  layman,  of 
Warkworth  Castle.  1.  Remarks  on  Gibbon's  Decline  and 
Fall  of  the  R.  Empire,  Lon.,  1778,  Svo;  2.  Appeal  relative 
to  ditto,  1799,  Svo.  3.  Christian  Religion,  1795,  Svo. 
4.  Letter  to  Rev.  R.  Churton,  1795.  5.  Reply  to  the  same, 
1798,  Svo.  The  controversy  was  upon  the  respective  merits 
of  the  Church  of  England  and  that  of  Rome. 

Eyre,  Sir  James,  1734-1799,  Lord  Chief  Justice  of 
the  Ct.  of  C.  Pleas,  was  a  native  of  Wiltshire.  Charge  to 
the  Grand  Jury,  Lon.,  1792,  4to. 

Eyre,  John,  D.D.,  Curate  of  Wylie,  Wilts.  Serms., 
1756,  '58,  '61,  '77.  Composition  of  a  Serm.,  1797,  Svo. 

Eyre,  John.  Remedies  proposed  for  the  Relief  of  our 
Embarrassments,  Lon.,  1813,  Svo. 

Eyre,  Joseph.  Observ.  on  the  Prophecies  relating 
to  the  Restoration  of  the  Jews,  Lon.,  1771,  Svo.  Extracts 
from  this  work  were  printed  in  1823  by  the  London  Society 
for  Promoting  Christianity  among  the  Jews. 

Eyre,,  Richard,  a  Canon  of  Sarum,  and  Rector  of 
Burghclere,  Hants.  Serms.,  1713,  '15,  '16,  '17,  '26. 

Eyre,  Richard,D.D.,  Rector  of  Bright- Walton,  Berks. 
Serm.,  Lon.,  1767,  4to. 

Eyre,  Robert,  D.D.    Serms.,  1693,  1700,  Svo. 

Eyre,  Robert,  D.D.,  Rector  of  Buckland,  Surrey. 
Serm.,  1735,  Svo;  4  do.,  1738,  Svo. 

Eyre,  Lt.  Vincent,  K  N.  1.  Military  Operations  at 
Cabul,  4th  ed.,  Lon.,  1843,  cr.  Svo.  2.  Journal  of  Impri 
sonments  continued  and  concluded,  1843,  cr.  Svo.  3.  Por 
traits  of  the  Cabul  Prisoners,  1843,  Svo.  4.  Prison  Sketches, 
1843,  cr.  Svo. 

"  Lieutenant  Eyre,  whose  name  is  prominently  mentioned  in  the 
celebrated  letter  of  Lady  Sale,  was  a  foremost  actor  in  the  scenes 
of  this  dreadful  time,  and  has  described  them  with  the  knowledge 
and  precision  of  an  accomplished  soldier,  and  in  the  manner  and 
temper  eminently  suited  to  such  a  narrative — straightforward, 
manly,  unaffected." — Lon.  Examiner. 

"  I  will  ask  you  to  read  the  Narrative  of  Lieutenant  Eyre,  and 
remind  you  of  the  description  there  given  of  the  greatest  disaster 
that  ever  befell  a  British  Army."— -SiR  ROBERT  PEEL,  in  the  House, 
of  Commons. 

Eyre,  Wm.,  d.  1670,  a  Calvinistic  divine,  a  native  of 
Wiltshire,  entered  the  Univ.  of  Oxf.,  1629,  aged  16;  minis- 


EYR 

ter  of  St.  Edmund's  Church,  Salisbury,  1654;  ejected  for 
nonconformity,  1662.  Epistola  ad  Vsserium  de  textus  He- 
braici  variantibus  Lectionibus,  Lon.,  1652,  4to.  The  true 
Justification  of  a  Sinner  explained,  <fec.,  1654;  in  Latin, 
under  the  title  of  Vindiciae  Justificationis  Gratuitae,  1654, 
4to. 

Eyre,  Wm.,  of  Buckingham.     Serm.,  1785,  4to. 

Eyres,  Joseph.  The  Church  Sleeper  awakened;  or, 
a  Serin,  from  Acts  xx.  9,  Lon.,  1659,  12mo. 

Eyton,  John,  Vicar  of  Wellington,  and  Rector  of  Ey- 
ton,  Salop.  Serms.,  1805,  '07,  '10.  Serms.  on  various  Sub 
jects,  Wellington,  1815,  2  vols.  8vo. 

Eyton,  R.  W.,  Rector  of  Ryton.  Antiquities  of  Shrop 
shire,  Pts.  1  to  4,  comprising  vol.  i.,  1854,  r.  8vo;  ii.,  1855; 
iii.,  and  Pts.  1  and  2  of  vol.  iv.,  1856. 


FAB 

"When  completed  it  will  be  a  book  which  may  find  a  place  in 
every  gentleman's  library  in  the  country  to  which  it  belongs,  with 
out  the  objection  of  enormous  bulk  or  excessive  price." — Lon. 
Athenaeum. 

"  It  is  written  in  that  unaffected  and  simple,  yet  lucid  and  forci 
ble,  style,  which  must  recommend  it  to  the  general  historical 
reader!" — Shrewsbury  Chronicle. 

Eyton,  T.  C.  1.  Hist,  of  the  Rarer  British  Birds, 
Lon.,  1838,  8vo.  This  forms  .a  Supplement  to  Bewick's 
British  Birds.  2.  Monograph  of  the  Anatidae,  or  Duck 
Tribe,  Lon.,  1838,  4to.  3.  Lecture  on  Artificial  Manures, 
1844,  8vo.  4.  Herd-Book  of  Hereford  Cattle,  p.  8vo.  Vol. 
i.,  1846;  vol.  ii.,  Pt.  1,  1848;  vol.  ii.,  Pt.  2,  1853. 

"  The  work  contains  the  lists,  pedigrees,  and  portraits  of  the 
most  celebrated  bulls  of  that  breed,  and  the  prices  at  which  many 
of  them  were  sold.  It  is  a  very  entertaining  book  to  those  con 
nected  with  Hereford  cattle."—  Donaldson's  Agricult.  Biog. 


F. 


Faber,  Frederick  Wm.,  formerly  a  clergyman  of 
the  Church  of  England,  and  now  a  Priest  of  the  Oratory, 
in  the  Church  of  Rome.  1.  Tracts  on  the  Church  and  the 
P.  Book,  Lon.,  1839,  12mo.  2.  Serm.  on  Education,  1840, 
8vo.  3.  Cherwell  Water-Lily,  and  other  Poems,  Lon.,  1840, 
fp.  Svo.  4.  Styrian  Lake,  and  other  Poems,  1842,  fp.  8vo. 
5.  Sights  and  Thoughts  in  Foreign  Churches,  and  Foreign 
People,  1842,  STO.  6.  Sir  Lancelot,  a  Poem,  1844,  fp.  Svo. 
7.  Rosary,  and  other  Poems,  1845,  fp.  Svo.  8.  Jesus  and 
Mary;  or,  Catholic  Hymns,  ISmo.  9.  Essay  on  Beatifica 
tion  and  Canonization,  1848,  p.  8vo.  10.  Oratory  of  St. 
Philip  Neri,  1850, 12mo.  11.  Catholic  Home  Missions,  1851, 
12mo.  12.  All  for  Jesus;  3d  ed.,  1855, 12mo.  Other  works. 
Faber,  George  Stanley,  1773-1854,  Master  of 
Sherburn  Hospital,  and  Prebendary  of  Salisbury,  educated 
at  University  Coll.,  Oxf.,  was  elected  Fellow  and  Tutor  of 
Lincoln  Coll.  before  he  had  reached  his  21st  year.  In  1803 
he  relinquished  his  fellowship  by  marriage;  after  which 
he  acted  for  two  years  in  the  capacity  of  curate  to  his  fa 
ther,  the  Rev.  Thomas  Faber,  of  Calverley,  near  Bradford, 
Yorkshire.  In  1805  he  became  vicar  of  Stockton-upon- 
Tees,  three  years  later  vicar  of  Redmarshall,  and  in  1811 
vicar  of  Longnewton,  where  he  remained  for  21  years. 
For  these  preferments  he  was  indebted  to  the  friendship 
of  Bishop  Barrington.  In  1831  Bishop  Burgess  collated 
Mr.  Faber  to  a  prebend  in  Salisbury  Cathedral;  and  in 
1832  Bishop  Van  Mildert  gave  him  the  mastership  of  Sher 
burn  Hospital,  which  he  retained  for  the  long  term  of  22 
years — being  called  to  his  rest  January  27,  1854,  in  the 
81st  year  of  his  age.  Mr.  Faber's  profound  erudition,  ar 
dent  piety,  and  uncompromising  advocacy  of  what  he 
esteemed  the  truth,  rendered  him  an  object  of  respect  and 
veneration  with  all  classes  of  his  fellow-men.  The  follow 
ing  list  of  his  writings  exhibits  in  a  striking  light  the  com 
prehensive  character  of  his  studies.  We  extract  the  titles 
from  the  London  Gentlemen's  Magazine  for  May,  1854, 
where  the  reader  will  find  an  interesting  biographical  no 
tice  of  this  excellent  man  and  useful  writer : 

1.  Two  Sermons,  Feb.  10,  1799.  2.  An  attempt  to  ex 
plain,  by  recent  events,  Five  of  the  Seven  Vials,  Rev.  xvii. 
1,  1799,  Svo.  3.  Horae  Mosaics; ;  or,  A  View  of  the  Mo- 
eaical  Records :  8  Lectures  at  the  Bampton  Lecture/  1801, 
2  vols.  Svo;  2d  ed.,  1818,  2  vols.  8vo. 

"The  leading  object  of  it  is  to  establish  the  authenticity  of  the 
Pentateuch,  by  pointing  out  the  coincidence  of  its  facts  and  state 
ments  with  the  remains  of  profane  antiquity,  and  their  connection 
•with  Christianity.  .  .  .  Whether  the  Horse  Mosaics  be  considered 
as  a  work  on  the  evidences  of  Christianity,  or  as  furnishing  illus 
trations  of  various  parts  of  the  word  of  God,  its  claims  are  equally 
deserving  of  regard  from  the  Christian  student."—  Orme's  Bibl.  Bib. 
"Those  who  have  not  the  means  or  leisure  to  consult  the  very 
valuable  works  of  Mr.  Bryant,  Mr.  Maurice,  and  Sir  W.  Jones,  in 
this  line,  will  find  in  these  volumes  many  of  the  most  striking 
facts  brought  together,  and  so  arranged  as  justly  to  corroborate 
and  confirm  the  events  recorded  in  the  Pentateuch.  The  refe 
rences  to  other  authors  are  numerous;  nor  are  these  confined 
solely  to  the  ancients.  Additional  notes  and  illustrations  are  to 
be  found  at  the  end  of  each  volume."— British  Critic,  xix.,  0.  S., 
pp.  382,  388. 
"  Erudite  and  evangelical." — Bickersteth's  C.  S. 

4.  Divine  Authority  conferred  by  Episcopal  Ordination 
necessary  to  a  legitimate  discharge  of  the  Christian  minis 
try,  a  Serm.,  1802. 

5.  A  Dissert,  on  the  Mysteries  of  the  Cabyri;  or,  The 
great  Gods  of  Phoenicia,  Ac.,  1803,  2  vols.  Svo. 

"This  work  establishes  the  justice  of  the  remark  made  on  the 
author's  profound  acquaintance  with  antiquity.  In  this  respect 
it  is  second  only  to  the  Ancient  Mythology  of  Bryant,  from  which 
it  differs  on  several  important  points,  on  which,  however  Mr  Bry 


ant  himself  changed  his  mind  after  the  publication  of  his  great 
work.  There  are  many  things,  learned  and  curious,  and  many 
things  also  fanciful,  in  the  'Mysteries  of  the  Cabyri.'"—  Orme't 
Bill.  Bib. 

6.  Thoughts  on  the  Arminian  and  Calvinistic  Contro 
versy,  1803,  Svo.  7.  Dissertation  on  the  Prophecies  that 
have  been  fulfilled,  are  now  fulfilling,  or  will  hereafter  be 
fulfilled,  relative  to  the  great  period  of  1200  years,  the 
Papal  and  Mahomedan  Apostacies,  the  tyrannical  reign  of 
Antichrist,  or  the  Infidel  Power,  and  the  Restoration  of 
the  Jews,  1806,  2  vols.  Svo;  4th  ed.,  1810;  5th  ed.,  1814; 
vol.  iii.,  1S18.  Supplement  to  the  above,  1806,  Svo.  This 
work,  the  author  remarks,  is  superseded  by  his  Sacred 
Calendar  of  Prophecy,  1828,  3  vols.  Svo.  See  No.  18.  8. 
Answer  to  Bicheno,  1807,  Svo.  9.  View  of  the  Prophecies 
relating  to  Judah  and  Israel,  1808,  2  vols.  Svo.  Again, 
1809,  2  vols.  Svo. 

"A  very  valuable  work." — Bicker steth. 

10.  Dissert,  on  the  LXX.  weeks  of  Daniel,  1811,  Svo.  11. 
On  the  Ordinary  Operations  of  the  Holy  Spirit,  1813,  8voj 
6th  ed.,  1846,  fp.  Svo. 

"  A  valuable  experimental  work." — Bickersteth. 

12.  The  Origin  of  Pagan  Idolatry,  1816,  3  vols.  4to. 
"An  elaborate  performance." — Orme's  Bibl.  Bib. 

13.  Serms.  on  Various  Subjects  and  Occasions,  1816-20, 
2  vols.  Svo. 

"These  sermons  are  evidently  the  production  of  no  common 
mind.  They  comprise  many  subjects  of  high  importance,  and  are 
handled  with  such  force  of  argument,  and  such  correctness  of  lan 
guage  and  taste,  that  few  persons  will  take  up  the  work  without 
giving  it  an  entire  perusal." — Lon.  Christian  Observer. 

Also  highly  commended  in  the  British  Critic. 

14.  Serm.,  Isa.  Ix.  1-5 ;  the  Conversion  of  the  Jews,  Ac., 
1822,  Svo.     15.  The  Genius  and  Object  of  the  Patriarchal, 
the  Levitical,  and  the  Christian  Dispensations,  1823, 2  vols. 
Svo. 

"  This  partakes  strongly  of  all  the  characteristics  of  Mr.  Faber's 
•writings — strong,  masculine  sense,  extensive  classical  erudition, 
and  a  hearty  love  of  hypothesis.  There  is  a  great  deal  said  in 
these  volumes  that  must  be  true,  much  that  may  be  true,  though 
not  proved  to  be  so,  and  many  things  that  we  believe  not  to  be 
true.  He  combats  Bishop  Warburton  very  successfully." — Orme's 
Bibl.  Bib. 

16.  The  Difficulties  of  Infidelity,  1824,  Svo. 

"A  masterly  and  powerfully-written  treatise,  the  purpose  of 
which  is  to  show,  not  only  that  Infidelity  has  its  own  proper  diffi 
culties  as  well  as  Christianity,  but  that  those  difficulties  are  in 
comparably  greater  and  more  formidable." 

"Faber's  works  are  full  of  research  and  valuable  matter:  he  is 
an  original  and  pious  writer." — Bickersteth, 

17.  The  Difficulties  of  Romanism,  1826,  Svo.     18.  Sup 
plement  to  ditto,  1828,  Svo;  2d  ed.,  1830,  Svo;  3d  ed.,  1853, 
Svo.     Trans,  into  French  and  Italian.     An  Answer  to  this 
was  written  by  J.  F.  M.  Trevern,  Bishop  of  Strasbourg, 
trans,  by  the  Rev.  F.  C.  Husenbeth,  and  pub.  in  Lon., 
1828,  Svo.     Faber  replied  in  his  Supplement,  and  Mr 
Husenbeth  pub.  several  treatises  upon  the  subject.     See 
Lowndes's  Brit.  Lib. 

19.  Original  Expiatory  Sacrifice,  1827,  Svo.  20.  The 
Sacred  Calendar  of  Prophecy,  1828,  3  vols.  8vo:  2d  ed., 
1844,  3  vols.  12mo. 

"  Worthy  of  careful  study.  It  throws  much  light  on  the  pre 
dictions  of  the  Book  of  Daniel."— BICKERSTETH. 

"  Mr.  Faber  has  endeavoured  to  combine  together  the  various 
prophecies  both  of  the  Old  and  New  Testament,  which  treat  of 
the  grand  double  period  of  seven  times ;  a  period  coinciding  with 
those  times  of  the  Gentiles,  which  are  styled,  by  Mr.  Mede,  'The 
Sacred  Calendar  of  Prophecy.'  In  the  present  more  extensive 
work,  the  author  has  rectified  various  errors  in  his  preceding  pub 
lications  on  prophecy." — Home's  Bibl.  Bib. 

See  an  analysis  of  this  work  in  British  Critic,  April, 

573 


FAB 


FAI 


1833.    21.  Letters  on  the  Catholic  Question,  1829,  8vo.  j 
22.  Answer  to  Mr.  Husenbeth,  1829,  8vo.     See  Nos.  17  \ 
and   18.     23.  Four   Letters   on    Catholic   Emancipation, 
(1829,)  8vo.     24.  The  Fruits  of  Infidelity  contrasted  with  j 
the  Fruits  of  Christianity,  1831,  12mo.     25.  Assize  Serm.,  j 
1832,  8vo.     26.  The  Apostolicity  of  Trinitarianism,  1832, 
2  vols.  8vo.     27.  Recapitulated  Apostacy  the  only  Ration 
ale  of  the  concealed  Apocalyptic  name  of  the  Roman  Em 
pire,  1833,  12mo. 

"Faber  brings  arguments  to  show  that  aitoaTarris  is  the  name 
intended  by  St.  John,  and  its  number  666."— Lowndes's  Brit.  Lib. 

28.  The  Primitive  Doctrine  of  Election,  1836,  Svo;  2d 
ed.,  1842,  8vo. 

"  We  do  not  hesitate  to  express  our  opinion  that  this  will  be 

found  the  most  useful  of  all  Mr.  Faber's  writings." — Lon.  Christian 

Remembrancer. 

u  A  laborious  and  learned  work." — British  Critic- 
"  Mr.  Faber  verifies  his  opinions  by  demonstration.    We  cannot 

pay  it  higher  respect  than  by  recommending  it  to  all."— Church 

Of  Eng.  Quar.  Review. 

29.  Mr.  Husenbeth's  professed  Refutation  of  the  Argu 
ment  of  the  Difficulties  of  Romanism,  1836,  8vo.     See 
Nos.  17,  18,  and  22. 

30.  The  Primitive  Doctrine  of  Justification,  1837,  Svo; 
2d  ed.,  1839.     31.  Vallenses  and  Albigenses,  1838,  8vo. 

32.  The   Primitive  Doctrine  of  Regeneration,  1840,  8vo. 

33.  The  Doctrine  of  Transubstantiation,  associated  with 
(34.)  Remarks  on  Dr.  Wiseman's  Lectures  on  the  Doctrines 
of  the  R.  C.  Church,  1840,  8vo. 

"This  work  will  be  found  full  of  sound  information  and  learn 
ing,  well  disposed,  and  brought  with  good  effect  on  the  argument. 
The  whole  book  is  written  with  logical  force  and  precision,  and 
the  sophistries  of  his  antagonist  clearly  detected."— ion.  Gentle 
man's  Magazine. 

35.  Provincial  Letters,  on  the  "  Tracts  for  the  Times," 
1842,  2  vols.  12mo;  2d  ed.,  1844,  2  vols.  12mo. 

"  But  this  much  we  will  say,  that  no  one  desirous  of  fully  un 
derstanding  the  whole  of  the  controversy  relative  to  the  Tractarian 
School  should  omit  to  procure  these  volumes.    Mr.  Painter  has 
done  well,  both  for  the  Churchman  and  the  Church,  in  drawing  ! 
forth  from  Mr.  Faber  these  Provincial  Letters;  and  Mr.  Faber  has  | 
proved  more  thau  ever  his  love  of  that  Church  of  which  he  is  a 
sincere  and  enlightened  and  high-principled  supporter." — Church 
and  State  Gazette. 

36.  Eight  Dissert,  upon  the  promise  of  a  Mighty  Deli 
verer,  1845,  2  vols.  8vo. 

"  Mr.  Faber  has  not  confined  his  attention  to  one  branch  of  study 
— he  has  taken  the  whole  range  of  prophecy ;  and  wherever  pro 
fane  learning  or  Gentile  traditions  could  throw  any  light  on  the 
subject,  he  has  not  omitted  fully  and  judiciously  to  avail  himself 
of  the  collateral  helps  for  better  understanding  what  may  be  called 
the  machinery  of  sacred  visions  and  prophecies;  and  so  more  cor 
rectly  applying  the  highly  wrought  predictions  to  the  truly  corre 
sponding  historical  events." — Ch.  of  Eng.  Quar.  Review. 

37.  Letters  on  Tractarian  Secession  to  Popery,  1846, 
12mo.     38.  A  Reply  to  a  Letter  to  G.  S.  Faber,  by  Christo 
pher,  Lord  Bishop  of  Bangor,  1847,  8vo.     39.  The  Three 
Unproved  Assertions,  <fcc.,  1850,  12mo.     Refers  to  Baptis 
mal  Regeneration.     40.  Many  Mansions  in  the  Home  of 
the  Father,  1851,  8vo.     41.  Papal  Infallibility,  1851,  8vo. 
42.  The  Revival  of  the  French  Emperorship  anticipated 
from  the  necessity  of  Prophecy,  1853,  12nio;  4  eds.  in  the 
same  year. 

It  will  be  observed  that  Mr.  Faber's  forty-two  publica 
tions  extend  over  a  period  of  fifty-five  years,  i.  e.,  1799- 
1853.  Few  who  have  written  so  much  and  so  long  have 
BO  well  maintained  their  reputation.  In  this  connexion 
we  may  justly  quote  the  remarks  of  the  author  of  The 
Christian  Preacher : 

"  Mr.  Faber  is  the  most  voluminous  writer  of  the  age.  For  seve 
ral  years  his  publications  have  appeared  with  surprising  rapidity, 
considering  their  nature;  and  yet  not  one  of  them  bears  any  mark 
of  undue  haste.  His  Horce  Mosaicoz,  Origin  of  I  dolatry,  Difficulties 
of  Romanism,  Difficulties  of  Infidelity,  and  treatises  on  Election, 
Justification,  Regeneration,  Apostolicity  of  Trinitarianism.  &c.,  are 
among  the  most  valuable  publications  of  modern  times."— Dr.  E. 
Wittiams's  C.  P. 

Faber,  John,  Sr.  Portraits  of  the  Founders  of  Col 
leges  in  Oxford  and  Cambridge,  in  mezzotinto,  Lon.,  1712, 
large  4to,  or  small  fol.  They  have  been  printed  with  the  ad 
dition  of  borders,  and  some  of  them  have  been  retouched, 
and  published  by  Parker.  See  Lowndes's  Bibl.  Man. 
Faber,  Nicholas.  A  Woman's  Prophecying,  4to. 
Fabian,  or  Fabyan,  Robert,  d.,  according  to  Stowe, 
1511,  according  to  Bale,  1512,  an  alderman  of  London,  is 
celebrated  as  the  author  of  Fabyan's  Chronicle,  whiche  he 
hymselfe  nameth  the  Concordaunce  of  Historyes.  This 
history  is  divided  into  seven  portions :  1st  to  6th  inclusive, 
from  the  landing  of  Brute  to  the  Norman  Conquest;  7th, 
from  the  Conquest  to  the  year  1485.  In  this  last  we  have 
the  results  of  his  personal  observations.  He  gives  a  copy 
of  verses  as  an  epilogue  to  each  portion,  under  the  title  of 
the  Seven  Joys  of  the  Blessed  Virgin.  Of  the  Chronicle 
there  have  been  five  edits. — viz.,  1st,  printed  by  Pynson, 


1516,  fol. ;  2d,  printed  by  W.  Rastell,  1553,  2  vols.  fol. ;  3d, 
printed  by  Wm.  Bonham,  1542,  2  vols.  fol. ;  4th,  printed 
by  John  Kyngton,  1559,  2  vols.  fol. ;  5th,  with  a  biogra 
phical  and  literary  Preface,  and  an  Index  by  Henry  Ellis, 
1811,  r.  4to.  This  is  from  Pynson's  ed.,  collated  with  the 
other  eds.,  and  a  MS.  of  the  author's  own  time,  including 
the  different  continuations. 

"  The  first  post  in  the  sixteenth  century  is  due  to  Robert  Fabian, 
an  eminent  merchant,  and  sometime  Sheriff  of  London.  Both  Bale 
and  Pits  subdivide  his  historical  writings  into  a  great  many  seve 
ral  treatises;  but,  I  presume,  what  they  call  his  Historariuin  Con- 
cordantiae  is  the  sum  of  all.  .  .  .  He  is  very  particular  in  tbe  affairs 
of  London,  many  good  things  being  noted  by  him,  which  concern 
the  government  of  that  great  city,  hardly  to  be  had  elsewhere." — 
Bishop  Nicolson's  Eng.  Hist.  Lib. 

"  Our  author's  transitions  from  verse  to  prose,  in  the  course  of 
a  prolix  narrative,  seem  to  be  made  with  much  ease,  and.  when  he 
begins  to  versify,  the  historian  disappears  only  by  the  addition  of 
rhyme  and  stanza.  .  .  .  As  an  historian,  our  author  is  the  dullest 
of  compilers.  He  is  equally  attentive  to  the  succession  of  the 
mayors  of  London  and  of  the  monarchs  of  England ;  and  seems 
to  have  thought  the  dinners  at  Guildhall,  and  the  pageantries  of  the 
city  companies,  more  interesting  transactions  than  our  victories  in 
France,  and  our  struggles  for  public  liberty  at  home." — Warton's 
Hist,  of  Eng.  Poetry  ;  and  see  Dibdin's  Typ.  Antiq.  of  G.  Brit.,  and 
Sir  Henry  Ellis's  Pref  to  Fabyan's  Chronicle,  edit.  1811. 

Fackler,  David  Morris.  Letter  to  Rt.  Rev.  G.  W. 
Doane,  Bp.  of  N.  Jersey;  vindicating  his  (F.'s)  priesthood, 
N.  York,  1851,  8vo. 

Facy,  Wm.     Stenography,  1672. 

"  This  system  exhibits  no  real  improvement  upon  those  of  its 
predecessors." — Lowndes's  Bibl.  Man. 

Faden,  Wm.     The  Regal  Table,  Lon.,  1718,  12mo. 

Faden,  Wm.  G.  1.  The  Brit.  Colonies  in  N.  America, 
1777,  fol.  2.  Geographical  Exercises,  1778,  fol.  3.  Atlas 
Minimus  Universalis,  1798,  12mo. 

Fage,John.  Speculum  Egrotorum :  The  Sick  Man's 
Glass,  Lon.,  1606,  8vo;  1638,  4to. 

Fage,  Mary.  Fame's  Rovle,  Lon.,  1637,  8vo.  This 
contains  a  roll  of  420  persons  of  distinction.  Bibl.  Anglo- 
Poet.,  £30,  q.  v.  Sir  M.  M.  Sykes,  Pt.  1,  1162,  £20  5s. 

Fage,  Robert.     Infant  Baptism,  Lon.,  1645,  12mo. 

Fage,  Robert.  Descrip.  of  the  World,  Lon.,  1658, 8vo. 

Fair,  F.  M.  Abridgt.  of  1st  Rep.  of  the  Coinmiss.  of 
Cts.  Com.  Law,  Lon.,  1829,  8vo. 

Fair,  George.     Weights  and  Measures. 

Fairbairn.     Act  for  Arming  the  Nation,  1803. 

Fairbairn,  John.  Treatise  on  Breeding,  Rearing, 
and  Feeding  Cheviot  and  Blackfaced  Sheep,  1823,  8vo. 

Fairbairn,  Rev.  Patrick,  of  Salton.  1.  Exposition 
of  the  1st  Epist.  of  St.  Peter,  1836,  2  vols.  12ino. 

"  Worthy  of  standing  on  the  same  shelf  with  Eruesti,  Tholuck, 
and  others."— Method.  Mag. 

2.  The  Typology  of  Scripture,  Edin.,  1845,  '47,  2  vols. 
12mo;  3d  ed.,  1857,  2  vols.  Svo;  Phila.,  1853,  8vo. 

"By  far  the  soberest,  most  systematic,  and  most  satisfactory 
work  of  the  kind  which  we  have  yet  seen." — Ch.  of  Eng.  Quar.  Rev. 

"A  learned,  judicious,  and  truly  evangelical  volume." — J.  PYE 
SMITH,  D.D. 

3.  Comment,  on  the  Psalms.     Trans,  from  E.  M.  Heng- 
stenberg,  D.D.,  by  Rev.  P.  Fairbairn  and  Rev.  J.  Thomson, 
1845-48,  3  vols.  8vo. 

"  We  have  met  with  no  commentator  who  displays  higher  powers 
or  sounder  qualifications  than  Prof.  Hengstenberg." — Churchman's 
Monthly  Review. 

4.  Jonah,  his  Life,  Character,  and  Mission,  1849,  12mo. 
5.  Ezekiel,  and  the  Book  of  his  Prophecy,  1851,  8vo. 

"  A  work  which  casts  considerable  light  on  one  of  the  obscurest 
portions  of  God's  word." — Kitto's  Journal. 

6.  The  Revelation  of  St.  John;  trans,  from  E.  W.  Heng 
stenberg,  D.D.,  Edin.,  1851,  2  vols.  Svo.  7.  Prophecy,  Ac., 
1856,  Svo.  8.  Hermeneutical  Manual,  1858,  8vo. 

Fairbanks,  George  R.  Hist,  and  Antiq.  of  the 
City  of  St.  Augustine,  Florida,  N.  York,  1858, 

Fairchild,  Ashbel  G.,  D.D.  The  Great  Supper: 
three  discourses  on  Luke  xiv.  16-24,  Phila.,  18mo.  This 
defence  of  the  Calvinistic  system  has  been  widely  circulated. 

Fairchild,  Thomas.  On  the  different  and  sometimes 
contrary  motion  in  Plants,  Phil.  Trans.,  1724. 

Fairchild,  Thomas.     Serm.,  1757. 

Fairclough,  Daniel  and  John.     See  FEATLEY. 

Fairclough,  Samuel.  The  Troublers  Troubled, 
Lon.,  1641,  4to.  Serms.,  1650,  '75. 

Fairfax,  B.  Treatise  of  the  Just  Interest  of  the  Kings 
of  England,  &c.,  1703, 12mo.  In  Laudem  Botanices  Oratio, 
1717,  4to.  Oratio  Apologetica,  Ac.,  1718,  4to. 

Fairfax,  Brian,  of  Alexandria,  Virginia,  d.  1S02,  aged 
75.  Serm.  in  Amer.  Preacher,  vol.  i. 

Fairfax,  Bryan.  1.  Cat.  of  the  Pictures  of  the  Duke 
of  Buckingham,  Lon.,  1751,  4to.  2.  Cat.  of  his  Library, 
1756,  Svo.  This  library  was  purchased  by  Mr.  F.  Child, 
and  all  the  catalogues  except  twenty  destroyed.  It  came 


FAI 

into  the  possession  of  the  Countess  of  Jersey,  Osterley 
Park,  Middlesex. 

Fairfax,  Edward,  d.  1632,  the  second  son  of  Sir 
Thomas  Fairfax,  of  Denton,  Yorkshire,  passed  his  days  in 
lettered  ease  at  his  seat  at  Fuyistone.  He  wrote  a  poetical 
history  of  Edward,  the  Black  Prince,  twelve  eclogues,  a 
Discourse  of  Witchcraft,  some  letters  against  the  Church 
of  Rome,  and  a  trans,  of  Tasso's  Recovery  of  Jerusalem. 
The  letters  seem  to  have  been  the  only  one  of  his  compo 
sitions  which  was  printed,  with  the  exception  of  the  fourth 
of  his  eclogues,  which  will  be  found  in  Cooper's  Muses' 
Library,  1737.  The  trans,  of  the  Recovery  of  Jerusalem 
was  first  pub.  in  1600,  fol. ;  2d  ed.,  1624,  fol. ;  3d  ed.,  1687, 
8vo.  The  1st  ed.  is  the  most  correct;  the  2d  and  3d  are 
corrupted  by  interpolations.  4th  ed.,  1749;  more  accurate 
than  the  2d  and  3d,  but  occasionally  modernized  by  the 
editor  without  much  taste  or  judgment.  5th  ed.,  by  Charles 
Knight,  from  the  old  folio  of  1600,  1817,  2  vols.  6th  ed., 
retaining  the  old  orthography,  by  Mr.  Singer,  1818,  2  vols. 
7th  ed.,  by  Charles  Knight,  1844,  2  vols.  8th  ed.,  1853, 
2  vols.  Amer.  ed.,  last  impression,  1855, 12mo.  The  Amer. 
ed.  gives  the  text  of  Charles  Knight's  ed.  from  the  old  folio 
ed.  of  1600.  Prefixed -will  be  found  a  Critique  on  Fair 
fax's  Tasso,  by  Leigh  Hunt,  Charles  Knight's  Lives  of 
Tasso  and  Fairfax,  and  (taken  from  Singer's  ed.)  the  Com 
mendatory  Poem  by  Robert  Gould  to  the  3d  ed.,  and  a 
Poem  entitled  The  Genius  of  Godfrey  to  Prince  Charles. 
To  this  excellent  ed.  we  must  refer  the  reader  for  much 
valuable  information  respecting  Tasso  and  his  translator. 
See  also  Biog.  Brit,  for  an  interesting  account  of  Fairfax, 
by  Dr.  Kippis.  Few  translations  have  been  honoured  with 
commendations  from  so  many  distinguished  authorities. 
The  names  of  King  James,  King  Charles,  Dryden,  Waller, 
and  Collins,  by  no  means  exhaust  the  list. 

"  Milton  has  acknowledged  to  me  that  Spenser  was  his  original ; 
and  many  besides  myself  have  heard  our  famous  Waller  own  that 
he  derived  the  harmony  of  his  numbers  from '  Godfrey  of  Bulloigne,' 
which  was  turned  into  English  by  Mr.  Fairfax." — Drydm's  Preface 
to  his  Fables. 

"  Fairfax  has  translated  Tasso  with  an  elegance  and  ease,  and 
at  the  same  time  with  an  exactness,  which,  for  that  age,  are  sur 
prising." — HUME:  History  of  England, 

"  We  do  not  know  a  translation  in  any  language  that  is  to  be  pre 
ferred  to  this  in  all  the  essentials  of  poetry." — Lon.QuarterlyReview. 

"  Fairfax  I  have  been  a  long  time  in  quest  of.  Johnson,  in  his  Life 
of  Waller,  gives  a  most  delicious  specimen  of  him." — CHARLES  LAMB. 

Dr.  Johnson  introduces  the  (Quotation  to  which  Lamb 
refers,  with  the  remark  that  Fairfax's  version,  "after  Mr. 
Hoole's  translation,  will  perhaps  not  be  soon  reprinted." 
For  comparisons  of  the  two  translations  see  authorities 
cited  above. 

"Edmund  [Edward]  Fairfax,  one  of  the  most  judicious,  elegant, 
and  haply  in  his  time  most  approved,  of  English  Translators,  both 
for  his  choice  of  so  worthily  extoll'd  a  heroic  poet  as  Torquato 
Tasso,  as  for  the  exactness  of  his  version,  in  which  he  is  judged  by 
some  to  have  approved  himself  no  less  a  poet  than  in  what  he 
hath  written  of  his  own  genius."— Phillips' s  Theat.  Poet. 

Fairfax,  Ferdinando,  Lord,  d.  1648.  1.  Letter  to 
the  Earl  of  Essex,  Lon.,  1643,  4to.  2.  Letter  rel.  to  the 
Victory  at  Selby,  1644,  4to. 

Fairfax,  John.    Life  of  0.  Stockton,  1681,  4to. 

Fairfax,  Nathaniel,  M.D.  Bulk  and  Selvedge  of 
the  World,  Lon.,  1674, 12mo.  Med.  Ac.  con.  to  Phil.  Trans., 
1667,  '68. 

Fairfax,  Thomas,  Lord,  1611-1671,  the  celebrated 
Parliamentary  general,  was  a  warm  friend  to  learning,  and 
gave  to  the  Bodleian  Library  29  ancient  MSS.  and  49 
modern  ones.  He  was  the  author  of  Short  Memorials  of 
Thomas,  Lord  Fairfax,  Lon.,  1699,  8vo,  and  left  many  theo 
logical,  poetical,  and  other  MS.  compositions.  See  Biog. 
Brit. ;  Park's  Walpole's  R.  &  N.  Authors ;  Bibl.  Brit. 

"One  can  easily  believe  his  having  been  the  tool  of  Cromwell, 
when  one  sees,  by  his  own  memoirs,  how  little  idea  he  had  of  what 
he  had  been  about."— HORACE  WALPOLE:  R.  <£•  N.  Authors. 

See  also  the  Fairfax  Correspondence,  being  Memorials 
of  the  Civil  War,  from  the  Correspondence  of  the  Fairfax 
Family  with  the  most  Distinguished  Personages  engaged 
in  the  contest;  edited  by  Robert  Bell;  fine  portraits  and 
facsimiles,  1849,  4  vols.  8vo,  (pub.  £3.) 

"The  discovery  of  the  Fairfax  MSS.  is  an  era  in  modern  literary 
history.  Crowded  with  minute  details  and  individual  experiences, 
they  bring  us  closer  to  the  actual  vicissitudes  of  those  stirring 
times  than  any  previous  publication ;  and  written,  for  the  most 
part,  at  the  instant,  on  the  field  of  battle  or  in  the  midst  of  councils 
of  war,  they  preserve  a  vigour  and  freshness  which  contrasts  most 
agreeably  with  the  formal  histories  of  the  period." 

Fairfax,  Thomas.  The  Complete  Sportsman;  or, 
Country  Gentleman's  Recreation,  Lon.,  8vo. 

Fairfax,  Wm.,  eldest  son  of  Edward  Fairfax,  the 
translator  of  Tasso,  trans.  Diogenes  Laertius  out  of  Greek 
into  English.  He  was  grammatical  tutor  to  Thomas  Stan 
ley,  the  author  of  The  Hist,  of  Philosophy. 


FAL 

Fairfield,  Miss  Genevieve  Genevra,  b.  1832,  in 
N.  York,  is  the  eldest  daughter  of  Sumner  Lincoln  Fair- 
field.  1.  Genevra;  or,  The  History  of  a  Portrait,  2.  The 
Vice  President's  Daughter.  3.  The  Wife  of  Two  Husbands. 
4.  The  Innkeeper's  Daughter,  Irene,  <fcc.  Miss  Fairfield  is 
a  resident  of  the  city  of  New  York. 

Fairfield,  Mrs.  Jane,  widow  of  Sumner  Lincoln 
Fairfield,  is  a  native  of  Rahway,  N.  Jersey.  Life  of  Sum 
ner  Lincoln  Fairfield,  New  York,  1846,  12mo.  This  is  an 
interesting  volume,  and  does  great  credit  to  Mrs.  Fairfield's 
sensibility  and  conjugal  affection.  She  is  a  resident  of  the 
city  of  New  York. 

Fairfield,  John.  Reports  of  Cases  in  Sup.  Ct.  of 
Maine,  Hallowell,  1835-37,  3  vols.  8vo. 

Fairfield,  Sumner  Lincoln,  1803-1844,  a  native 
of  Warwick,  Massachusetts,  acquired  considerable  reputa 
tion  as  a  poet.  His  principal  works  are  the  following :  1. 
The  Cities  of  the  Plain.  2.  The  Heir  of  the  World,  1828. 
3.  The  Spirit  of  Destruction,  1830.  4.  The  Last  Night  of 
Pompeii,  1832.  5.  The  Sisters  of  Saint  Clara.  A  collec 
tion  of  his  writings  was  pub.  in  Phila.  in  1841.  Many  of 
his  poetical  and  prose  writings  were  originally  pub.  in  the 
North  American  Magazine,  a  monthly  periodical  conducted 
by  him  for  some  years  in  the  city  of  Philadelphia.  For 
further  particulars  respecting  Fairfield — certainly  a  poet 
of  no  ordinary  rank — we  must  refer  to  the  biography  by 
his  widow,  Mrs.  Jane  Fairfield,  noticed  above. 

"  He  wrote  much,  and  generally  with  commendable  aims.  His 
knowledge  of  books  was  extensive  and  accurate.  He  had  consi 
derable  fancy,  which  at  one  period  was  under  the  dominion  of  culti 
vated  taste  and  chastened  feeling." — Griswold's  Poets  and  Poetry 
of  America,  q.  v. 

Fairholme,  George.  1.  A  Genl.  View  of  the  Geo 
logy  of  Scripture,  in  which  the  unerring  truth  of  the  in 
spired  narrative  of  the  early  events  of  the  world  is  exhi 
bited,  and  distinctly  proved  by  the  corroborative  testimony 
of  physical  facts  on  every  part  of  the  earth's  surface,  Lon., 
1838,  8vo.  A  French  trans.,  entitled  Positions  Ge"ologiques 
et  Verification  directe  de  la  Bible,  was  pub.  at  Munich  in 
1834,  8vo. 

"We  strongly  recommend  this  work  to  the  religious  reader  as 
an  armoury  of  facts,  where  he  may  choose  defensive  weapons 
against  the  attacks  of  the  infidel." — Lon.  Evang.  Register. 

2.  New  and  Conclusive  Physical  Demonstrations,  both 
of  the  Fact  and  Period  of  the  Mosaic  Deluge,  and  of  its 
having  been  the  only  event  of  the  kind  that  has  ever 
occurred  upon  the  earth,  1838,  8vo;  2d  ed.,  1840,  8vo. 

"  Mr.  Fairholme's  two  treatises  (especially  the  last)  are  the  most 
scientific  of  all  the  publications  which  have  hitherto  been  published 
on  the  subject  of  the  geological  and  other  physical  proofs  of  the 
universal  deluge  recorded  by  Moses." — Home's  Bibl.  Bib, 

See  LORD,  DAVID  N. 

Fairholt,  F.  W.  1.  Costume  in  England;  A  History 
of  Dress  to  the  close  of  the  18th  century,  Lon.,  1846,  8vo. 

"  One  of  the  most  useful  and  interesting  books  we  have  seen  for 
a  long  time." — Lon.  Literary  Gazette. 

2.  The  Home  of  Shakspere  Illustrated  and  Described, 
1847, 12mo.  An  interesting  little  volume.  3.  Remarkable 
and  Scientific  Characters,  1849,  sq. 

Fairlie,  Mrs.  Portraits  of  the  Children  of  the  No 
bility  ;  from  drawings  by  Alfred  E.  Chalon  and  other  emi 
nent  artists.  Edited  by  Mrs.  Fairlie,  r.  4to. 

"The  conception  of  this  publication  was  a  brilliant  idea."— Lon, 
Literary  Gazette. 

"  A  splendid  volume.  It  is  appropriately  dedicated  to  the  Queen, 
and  will,  no  doubt,  speedily  find  its  way  into  almost  every  aristo- 
cratical  mansion  in  the  kingdom." — Eclectic  Review. 

Fairman,  Capt.  1.  Drawback  on  Wine,  1804,  8vo. 
2.  Letters  on  the  existing  Differences  between  G.  Brit,  and 
Amer.,  1813,  8vo.  3.  Reduc.  of  the  Forces,  1814,  8vo. 

Fairman,  Wm.  1.  Longitude  at  Sea,  Lon.,  1783, 4to. 
2.  Treatise  on  Geography,  use  of  the  Globes,  and  Astro 
nomy,  1788,  8vo. 

Fairman,  Wm.  1.  The  Public  Stocks  examined, 
Lon.,  1795,  8vo;  Appendix,  1796,  8vo.  2.  Life  Assurance, 
1811,  8vo. 

Fairwheater,  Thomas.     Serms.,  1697,  4to. 

Faithorn,  John.     Liver  Complaint,  3d  ed.,  1818. 

Faithorne,  Wm.,  1616-1691,  a  celebrated  engraver, 
a  native  of  London.  The  Art  of  Engraving  and  Etching, 
Lon.,  1662.  See  Walpole's  Anecdotes;  Strutt's  Diet.;  Bry 
an's  Diet. ;  Spooner's  Diet. 

Falch,  N.,  M.D.  Latitude  at  Sea,  Lon.,  1771,  4to. 
Seamen's  Medical  Instructor,  1774,  8vo.  Other  works  on 
medicine,  mechanics,  Ac.,  1772-79. 

Falcon,  Thomas.     Serm.,  1760,  8vo. 

Falcon,  Wm.     Astrologorum  Ludus,  Lon.,  1571,  4to. 

Falconar,  Harriet  and  Maria.  1.  Poems,  Lon., 
1788,  12mo.  2.  Poems  on  Slavery,  1788,  8vo.  3.  Poetic 
Laurels,  1791,  4to. 

575 


FAL 

.     Falconbridge,  Alex.    Slave  Trade,  Lon.,  1788, 8vo.    I 
Falconbridge,  Anna  Maria.     Two  Voyages  to  I 
Sierra  Leone,  1791,  '92,  Lon.,  1794,  12mo;  1795. 

Falconer,  Sir  David,  of  Newton.  Decisions  of  the 
Lords  of  Council  and  Session,  Nov.  1681-Jan.  1686,  Edin., 
1701,  4to. 

Falconer,  David.  Decisions  of  the  Ct.  of  Sessions, 
Nov.  1744-Dec.  1751,  Edin.,  1746-53,  2  vols.  fol. 

Falconer,  David.     A  Journey  from  Joppa  to  Jeru 
salem,  in  May,  1751,  with  occasional  Notes,  Lon.,  1753, 4to.  i 
Contains  many  amusing  passages. 

Falconer,  Hugh.     Selections  from  the  Bostan  of 
Sadi,  Lon.,  1838,  16mo.     These  selections  comprise  about  j 
a  third  part  of  the  Moral  Poems  or  chain  of  Apologues,  the 
Bostan  of  Sadi. 

"  Sadii  opus  perfectissimum  Bustan." — Gul.  Jones. 
In  conjunction  with  Proby  T.  Cautley :  Fauna  Antiqua 
Sivalonis;  in  Pts.,  fol.,  1846,  &c. 

"  A  work  of  immense  labour  and  research." — Address  of  the  Pre 
sident  of  the  Geological  Society  of  London,  20th  Feb.,  1846. 

Falconer,  John.     Cryptomenysis  Patefacta;  or,  The 

Art  of  Decyphering  Secret  Writing,  Lon.,  1685,  8vo;  1692. 

Falconer,  Magnus.     1.  Experimental  Inquiries  on 

Blood,  <fcc.,  Lon.,  1776,  8vo.     2.  Synop.  of  Lect.  on  Anat. 

and  Surgery,  1779,  8vo. 

Falconer,  Capt.  Richard.    His  Voyages,  Danger 
ous  Adventures,  and  Imminent  Escapes,  Lon.,  1724,  8vo;  j 
new  ed.,  1837,  18mo.     This  is  said  to  be  fictitious.     It  was 
a  great  favourite  of  Sir  Walter  Scott: 

"  I  Lave  no  hobby-horsical  commissions  at  present,  unless  if  you 
meet  the  Voyages  of  Captain  Richard  or  Robert  Falconer,  in  one 
volume — 'cow-heel,  quoth  Sancho' — I  mark  them  for  my  own." — 
Scott  to  Daniel  Terry,  20th  Oct.,  1813. 

Scott  had  long  vainly  sought  for  this  coveted  volume  : 
"  It  is  very  scarce;  for,  endeavouring  to  add  it  to  the  other  fa 
vourites  of  my  infancy,  I  think  I  looked  for  it  ten  years  to  no  pur 
pose,  and  at  last  owed  it  to  the  active  kindness  of  Mr.  Terry." — 
Scott's  note  on  the  fly-leaf  of  his  copy. 

"  Many  thanks  for  Captain  Richard  Falconer.  .  .  .  Nothing  ever 
disturbed  my  feelings  more  than  when,  sitting  by  the  old  oak 
table,  my  aunt,  Lady  Raeburn,  used  to  read  the  lamentable  catas 
trophe  of  the  ship's  departing  without  Captain  Falconer,  in  conse 
quence  of  the  whole  party  making  free  with  lime-punch  on  the  eve 
of  its  being  launched."— Scott  to  David  Terry,  Nov.  10, 1814.  See 
Lockhart's  Life  of  Scott. 

Falconer,  Thomas,  1736-1792,  a  learned  layman, 
a  native  and  resident  of  Chester,  England.  1.  Devotions 
for  the  Sacrament  of  the  Lord's  Supper,  1786,  anon.  Many 
eds.  2.  Chronological  Tables  from  Solomon  to  the  death 
of  Alexander  the  Great,  Oxf.,  1796,  4to.  See  strictures  on 
this  work  in  Rev.  Robert  Walker's  Historical  Time,  Lon., 
1798,  8vo.  3.  Strabonis  Geographia.  Gr.  et  Lat.  This 
was  left  unfinished,  but  was  completed  and  pub.  by  Mr. 
F.'s  nephew,  Rev.  Thomas  Falconer. 

"  It  has  been  said  that  this  edition,  so  long  in  preparation,  dis 
appointed  the  expectations  of  the  learned.  Whatever  be  the  fact, 
it  is  yet  considered  as  the  most  valuable  and  ample  edition  of 
Strabo,  and  copies  are  not  to  be  procured  under  the  sum  of  five  or 
six  guineas." — Dibdin's  Introduc.  to  Gr.  and  Lat.  Classics. 

4.  Observ.  on  Pliny's  Account  of  the  Temple  of  Diana 
at  Ephesus ;  in  Archaeol.,  vol.  xi. 

Falconer,  Rev.  Thomas,  d.  1839,  nephew  of  the 
preceding.  1.  The  Voyage  of  Hanno,  trans.,  Ac.,  Oxf., 
1797,  8vo.  2.  Remarks  on  Bryant  on  the  War  of  Troy, 
Lon.,  1799,  8vo.  3.  Strabonis,  see  ante.  4.  Certain  Prin 
ciples  in  Evanson's  Dissonance  of  the  Evangelists,  ex 
amined  in  8  discourses,  preached  1810,  at  the  Bampton 
Lecture,  Oxf.,  1811,  8vo;  Appendix,  1822, 8vo.  Other  works. 
"  To  say  that  he  has  vanquished  Evanson  is  to  give  but  too  little 
praise.  We  set  forth  the  volume  as  a  magazine  from  which  the 
warrior  in  the  cause  of  truth  may  fill  his  quiver." — Edin.  Christian 
Instructor. 

Falconer,  Thomas.  On  the  Discovery  of  the  Mis 
sissippi,  Lon.,  1844,  12mo.  See  Rich's  Bibl.  Amer.  Nova, 
anno  1844. 

Falconer,  Thomas,  and  E.  H.  Fitzherbert. 
Reports  of  controverted  Elections  determined  in  H.  C., 
Lon.,  1839,  8vo. 

Falconer,  William,  1730-1769,  the  son  of  an  Edin 
burgh  barber,  at  a  very  early  age  became  a  sailor  boy  on 
board  a  Leith  merchantman.  When  in  his  18th  year,  he 
was  wrecked  in  the  Britannia  off  Cape  Colonna,  only  three 
of  the  crew  being  saved;  and  in  1760  suffered  a  second 
shipwreck  in  the  Ramilies,  when  of  734  souls  only  26 
escaped.  In  1751  he  pub.  a  Poem  on  the  death  of  Frede 
rick,  Prince  of  Wales.  This  seems  to  have  excited  but 
little  attention.  But  eleven  years  later  he  gave  evidence 
of  the  possession  of  remarkable  poetical  powers  by  the 
publication  of  The  Shipwreck,  (subsequently  enlarged  and 
improved,)  dedicated  to  the  Duke  of  York.  His  royal 
highness  acknowledged  the  compliment  of  the  dedication 


FAL 

by  having  the  poet  appointed  a  midshipman.  After  acting 
in  this  capacity,  and  that  of  purser,  for  some  time,  he  re 
tired  to  the  enjoyment  of  domestic  life,  having  married  a 
Miss  Hicks,  daughter  of  the  surgeon  of  Sheerness  Yard. 
He  now  pub.  an  Ode  on  the  Duke  of  York's  second  depart 
ure  from  England,  as  Rear-Admiral,  and  The  Demagogue, 
a  satire  on  Lord  Chatham,  Wilkes,  and  Churchill.  In 
1769  he  gave  to  the  world  A  Universal  Dictionary  of  the 
Marine,  4to,  1771,  '80,  '84,  '89.  New  and  enlarged  ed.  by 
Dr.  Win.  Burney,  1815,  r.  4to. 

"  A  grand  National  work,  comprehending  every  thing  relating 
to  the  Marine  of  this  country :  a  performance  which  displays  great 
industry,  sagacity,  and  precision,  and  is  indispensable  to  every  one 
concerned  in  maritime  affairs.  It  is  well  worthy  a  place  in  every 
English  library."— ion.  Gent.  Mag. 

About  this  time  he  is  said  to  have  received  proposals 
from  John  Murray,  afterwards  the  eminent  publisher,  to 
enter  into  the  book  business.  But  the  offer  of  the  purser- 
ship  to  the  Aurora,  about  to  sail  to  India,  no  doubt  revived 
all  the  sailor's  love  of  the  sea,  and  Falconer  sailed  in  this 
vessel  from  England,  Sept.  30,  1769.  She  is  known  to 
have  touched  at  the  Cape,  but  was  never  heard  of  after 
wards.  She  is  supposed  to  have  foundered  in  the  Mozam 
bique  Channel.  It  adds  a  melancholy  interest  to  the 
thrilling  scenes  depicted  in  The  Shipwreck,  to  remember 
that  the  author  experienced  all,  not  excepting  the  last  and 
most  fearful,  of  the  horrors  which  he  has  so  graphically  de 
scribed.  A  second  ed.  of  The  Shipwreck  was  pub.  in  1764, 
8va;  3d  ed.,  1785,  8vo ;  New  ed.,  with  critical  Remarks, 
additional  Notes,  and  the  Life  of  the  Author,  by  the  Rev. 
James  Stanier  Clarke,  1804,  8vo.  Other  eds.  of  The  Ship 
wreck,  1808,  r.  4to.,  1818, 12mo.  This  last  edition  contains 
an  engraving  of  a  ship,  with  references  to  an  explanatory 
table.  The  value  of  this  auxiliary  to  a  non-nautical  reader 
need  not  be  enlarged  on.  The  other  productions  of  Fal 
coner  have  never  been  highly  estimated.  An  ed.  of  his 
Poems,  with  a  Memoir  by  the  Rev.  J.  Mitford,  (Pickering's 
Aldine  Poets,  vol.  xxxvii.)  appeared  in  1836,  12mo.  In 
The  Shipwreck,  Falconer  describes  an  actual  occurrence 
in  which  he  was  a  participator — the  wreck  of  the  Britannia 
off  Cape  Colonna: 

"  In  all  Attica,  if  we  except  Athens  itself  and  Marathon,  there  is 
no  scene  more  interesting  than  Cape  Colonna.  To  the  antiquary 
and  artist,  sixteen  columns  are  an  inexhaustible  source  of  obser 
vation  and  design ;  to  the  philosopher,  the  supposed  scene  of  some 
of  Plato's  conversations  will  not  be  unwelcome;  and  the  traveller 
will  be  struck  with  the  beauty  of  the  prospect  over  '  isles  that 
crown  the  ^Egean  deep;'  but  for  an  Englishman  Colonna  has  yet 
an  additional  interest,  as  the  actual  spot  of  Falconer's  Shipwreck. 
Pallas  and  Plato  are  forgotten  in  the  recollection  of  Falconer  and 
Campbeil : 

'  Here  in  the  dead  of  night,  by  Lonna's  steep, 
The  seaman's  cry  was  heard  along  the  deep. 
(Pleasures  of  Memory.)" — LORD  BYRON. 

"  The  Shipwreck  has  been  always  popular,  and  will  remain  so, 
while  British  sympathies  are  excited  by  the  hazards  of  those  who 

'  Sweep  through  the  deep, 
While  the  stormy  tempests  blow.' 

It  contains  several  fine  descriptions  of  scenery.  The  characters 
of  the  officers  are  drawn  by  a  masterly  pencil.  The  episode  of 
Palemon  and  Anna  is  exquisitely  wrought." — S.  C.  HALL. 

The  merits  of  this  celebrated  composition  are  indeed  un 
deniable.  None  but  a  great  poet  could  have  written  The 
Shipwreck,  and  that  great  poet  must  of  necessity  have 
been  a  thorough  sailor.  What  home  and  its  placid  attrac 
tions  are  to  the  landsman,  the  sea  and  the  storm  were  to 
Falconer.  He  delights  in  decking  the  ocean  with  all  the 
terrific  sublimity  and  wild  beauty  of  which  it  is  capable, 
and  then  calling  upon  us  to  admire  the  picture :  our  admi 
ration  may  be  enforced,  but  whilst  we  tremble,  we  cannot 
but  applaud. 

But  a  higher  value  is  claimed  for  this  poem  than  it 
possesses  as  the  means  of  mere  intellectual  gratification  : 

"  It  is  of  inestimable  value  to  this  country,  since  it  contains 
within  itself  the  rudiments  of  navigation ;  if  not  sufficient  to  form 
a  complete  seaman,  it  may  certainly  be  considered  as  the  grammar 
of  his  professional  science.  I  have  heard  many  experienced  officers 
declare,  that  the  rules  and  maxims  delivered  in  this  poem,  for  the 
conduct  of  a  ship  in  the  most  perilous  emergency,  form  the  best, 
indeed  the  only,  opinions  which  a  skilful  mariner  should  adopt." — 
See  Clarke's  ed.  of  The  Shipwreck. 

Falconer,  Wm.,  M.D.,  1743-1824,  a  native  of  Chester, 
and  a  brother  of  the  Rev.  Thomas  Falconer,  the  reviewer 
of  Evanson's  Dissonance  of  the  Gospels,  pub.  many  medi 
cal  treatises  and  other  works,  on  natural  history,  theology, 
Ac.,  a  list  of  which  will  be  found  in  the  Bibl.  Brit.,  and 
in  Gent.  Mag.  for  Oct.  1824.  1.  Remarks  on  the  Influ 
ence  of  Climate,  <fcc.  on  Mankind,  Lon.,  1781,  4to.  2.  An 
Essay  on  the  preservation  of  the  Health  of  persons  engaged 
in  Agriculture,  <fcc.,  1789,  8vo. 

"The  author  discusses  the  employment  of  rural  labourers,  their 
diet,  accommodation,  and  medical  treatment." — Donaldson's  Agri- 
cuU.Biog. 


FAL 

3.  Miscellaneous  Tracts  and  Collections  on  Nat.  History 
from  the  principal  writers  of  Antiquity,  1793,  4to. 

He  was  noted  for  his  large  stock  of  general  information, 
and  an  eminent  friend,  at  whose  table  he  often  dined, 
declared  that 

"He  never  saw  such  a  man;  that  he  knew  every  thing,  and 
knew  it  better  than  any  one  else."— LORD  THURLOW. 

Faldo,  John.  1.  Quakerism  no  Christianity,  Lon., 
1675,  8vo.  2.  21  Divines  cleared  from  the  Crimination  of 
W.  Penn,  1675,  8vo. 

Faldo,  Thomas.  Reformation  of  Courts  of  Justice 
and  Proceedings  at  Law,  1649,  4to. 

Fale,  Robert.  Report  rel.  to  Brit.  Fishery,  Lon., 
1786,  8vo. 

Fale,  Thomas.  Art  of  Dialling,  Lon.,  1593, 4to,  1626. 

Fales,  Fanny.  See  SWIFT,  MRS.  FRANCES  ELIZA 
BETH. 

Falgate,  Isaac.  Interest,  1699,  8vo.  Tables  of 
do.,  12mo. 

Falkener,  a  surgeon.  Case  of  Hydrophobia  success 
fully  treated  ;  Med.  Trans.,  1772. 

Falkener,  Edward.  I.  Museum  of  Classical  Anti 
quities  :  a  series  of  Papers  on  Ancient  Art,  edited  by  E. 
F.,  Lon.,  1855,  r.  8vo. 

2.  Descrip.  of  some  important  Theatres  and  other  Re 
mains  in  Crete;  being  a  supp.  to  No.  1,  1855,  r.  8vo. 

3.  Inscriptiones  Grgecas  in  itinere  Asiatico  collectas  ab 
Eivardo   Falkenero    edidit  Gu.  Henzenius.     Ronise:  ex 
annalibus  Archaeologici,  Ann.  1852. 

Falkener,  or  Falkner,  Win.,  D.D.  1.  Libertas 
Ecclesiastica,  Lon.,  1674,  4to.  2.  Christian  Loyalty,  1679, 
8vo.  3.  A  Vindication  of  Liturgies,  1680,  8vo.  4.  Two 
Treatises,  1684,  4to.  5.  Serms.  on  the  Visitation  and 
Burial  Services  :  tracts  of  Angl.  Fathers,  iii.  311. 

Falkirke,  John  de.  Annals  of  Irish  History,  1535- 
1841,  Lon.,  1814,  vol.  i.,  8vo. 

Falkland,  first  Viscount.     See  CARY,  HENRY. 

Falkland,  third  Viscount.  See  CARY,  HENRY 
Lucius. 

Falkland,  second  Viscount.     See  GARY,  Lucius. 

Falkland.     Essay  on  Bigotry,  Lon.,  1791,  8vo. 

Falkland.  Review  of  the  Irish  H.  of  Com.  and  the 
Parl.  Representation,  Dubl.,  1789-90,  2  vols.  8w>. 

"  A  curious  and  interesting  -work." — Lowndes's  Kill,  Man. 

Falkland,  Charles,  Viscount.  Consid.  on  the  com 
petency  of  the  Parl.  of  Ireland  to  Union,  Lori.,  T797,  8vo. 

Falkland,  W.  1.  Iberia;  a  Poem,  1812.  2.  Variety; 
a  Collection  of  Poems,  1812,  8vo. 

Falkner,  Frederic.  In  conjunction  with  the  Author 
of  British  Husbandry :  The  Muck  Manual  for  Farmers, 
Lon.,  1843,  12mo.  New  eel.,  1846,  fp.  8vo. 

"  A  very  useful  book." — LORD  PALMERSTON. 

"  Much  reliable  fact,  and  we  cannot  get  up  from  the  reading  of  the 
work  without  being  benefited  by  the  task." — Lon.  Gardener's  Guide. 

"A  very  neat  and  comprehensive  work,  and  a  very  creditable 
performance." — Donaldson's  AgricuU.  Biog. 

Falkner,  Thomas,  d.  1780,  a  Jesuit  missionary  of 
Manchester,  resided  for  nearly  forty  years  in  South  Ame 
rica.  A  Description  of  Patagonia  and  the  adjoining  parts 
of  South  America,  Lon.,  1774,  4to. 

"  We  have  only  to  regret  that  the  information  we  here  receive  is 
not  more  accurate,  and  the  author's  authority,  in  many  cases,  less 
exceptionable." — Lon.  Monthly  Review,  li.  1774. 

Falkner,  Wm.,  D.D.     See  FALKENER. 

Fall,  James.     Serin.,  1754,  8vo.  •  , 

Fall,  Thomas.  The  Surveyor's  Guide,  or,  every  man 
his  own  Road-maker,  Retford,  1829,  12mo. 

"A  most  valuable  treatise.  .  .  .  Surveyors  and  farmers  will  be 
much  informed,  and  repaid  by  the  labour  of  perusing  this  little 
volume." —  Donaldson's  Agricult.  Sing. 

Fallal,  Ferdinando.  Carmina  Colloquia,  or  a  dia 
logue  bet.  the  Devil  and  an  Independent,  Edin.,  1649,4to. 

Falle,  Philip,  1655-1742,  a  native  of  Jersey,  became 
Rector  of  St.  Saviour's  in  Jersey,  of  Shenley  in  Herts, 
and  Preb.  of  Durham.  Serms.,  1687-1715.  Csesarea;  or, 
"an  Account  of  the  Island  of  Jersey,  the  greatest  of  those 
islands  that  are  now  the  only  remainder  of  the  English 
Dominions  in  France,  Lon.,  1694,  8vo;  with  addits.  and 
corrections,  1734,  8vo.  This  work  is  highly  esteemed. 

Fallow,  T.  M.,  Curate  of  All-Souls,  St.  Marylebone. 
The  Order  of  Baptism,  both  Public  and  Private,  according 
to  the  use  of  the  United  Ch.  of  Eng.  and  Ireland,  Lon., 
1838,  12mo.  It  includes  Synoptical  Tables,  showing  the 
alterations  in  the  offices  at  the  revisions,  1552,  1604,  '61; 
history  of  the  conferences,  reasons  of  the  changes  made,  <fcc. 

"  If  any  man,  who  shall  desire  a  more  particular  account  of  the 
several  alterations  in  any  part  of  the  Liturgy,  shall  take  the  pains 
to  compare  the  present  book  with  the  former,  we  doubt  not  but 
the  reason  of  the  change  may  easily  appear."— Preface  to  the  Bool; 
Of  Common  Prayer,  A.D.  1661. 

37 


FAN  • 

Fallowes,  Thomas.  Method  of  Curing  Lunatics; 
Lon.,  1705,  8vo. 

Fallowfield,  J.     Christian  Conductor,  1795,  8vo. 

Fallowfield,  John.  Examination  of  Wm.  Taswell's 
Antichrist  revealed  among  the  Quakers,  Lon.,  1723,  8vo. 

Fallstaff,  Sir  John.  Original  Letters  of  Sir  John 
Fallstaff.  By  the  Rev.  Henry  Bate  Dudley. 

Fanch,  James,  a  Baptist  minister  at  Romsey.  10 
Serms.  on  Practical  Subjects,  Keith,  1768,  12mo. 

"  A  man  of  considerable  learning  and  excellent  judgment.  His 
sermons  are  fine  specimens  of  sound  divinity." — Hist,  of  the  Eng 
lish  Baptists. 

Fancourt,  Samuel,  1678-1768,  a  dissenting  minister, 
the  inventor  of  circulating  libraries  in  London,  pub.  several 
serins,  and  theolog.  treatises,  1720-46,  &c.  See  Lon.  Gent. 
Mag.,  vol.  liv. 

Fane,  Lady  Elizabeth,  wrote  a  number  of  psalms, 
and  pious  meditations,  and  proverbs,  printed  by  Robert 
Crowland,  Lon.,  1550,  8vo,  under  the  title  of  The  Lady 
Elizabeth  Fane's  21  Psalms  and  102  Proverbs.  Ballard  is 
at  a  loss  to  know  whether  this  lady  was  the  wife  of  Richard 
Fane  or  of  Sir  Thomas  Fane.  See  Memoirs  of  British 
Ladies. 

Fane,  Henry  Edward,  late  Aide-de-Camp  to  his 
Excellency  the  Commander-in-Chief  in  India.  Five  Years 
in  India,  Lon.,  1841,  2  vols.  p.  8vo. 

"  This  is,  undoubtedly,  the  most  entertaining  work  illustrative 
of  India  we  have  read  of  late  years,  and  exactly  the  sort  of  work 
the  general  reader  will  be  sure  to  appreciate." — Lon.  New  Monthly 
Mag. 

Fane,  Sir  Francis,  Governor  of  Doncaster,  subse 
quently  Governor  of  Lincoln,  temp,  Charles  II.  1.  Love 
in  the  Dark ;  a  Com.,  Lon.,  1675,  4to.  2.  Masque  for  Lord 
Rochester's  Valentinian,  1685,  Svo.  3.  Sacrifice;  a  Trag., 
1686,  4to.  Sir  Francis  wrote  a  number  of  poems  also. 
Three  will  be  found  in  Tate's  Collection. 

"  'Tis  not  in  Dramatick  Poetry  alone  that  our  Author  is  a  Mas 
ter,  but  his  Talent  is  equal  also  in  Lyricks." — Langbaine's  Eng. 
Dram.  Poets,  q.  v. 

Fane,  Hon.  Julian.  Poems,  Lon.,  1852,  fp.  Svo;  2d 
ed.,  with  additional  Notes,  1853,  12mo. 

Fannant,  Edward.  The  Hist,  of  the  Life,  Reign, 
and  Death  of  Edward  II.,  King  of  England,  Lon.,  1680,  fol. 

Faunant,  Thomas.  An  Hist.  Relation  of  the  man 
ner  and  form  of  that  memorable  Parliament  which  wrought 
wonders,  begun  at  Westminster,  1386, 1641,  4to.  Another 
ed.  same  year,  with  an  addit.  to  the  title.  See  Harleian 
Miscellany. 

Fannin,  John.  A  Harmony  and  Exposition  of  our 
blessed  Lord's  last  Prophecy,  Dubl.,  1832,  Svo.  See  this 
noticed  in  Orme's  Bibl.  Bib. 

Fanning,  Golbert,  d.  1810,  in  Tennessee.  Correct 
method  of  searching  the  Scriptures.  Editor  of  the  Agri 
culturist,  5  vols.  8vo,  and  editor  of  and  contributor  to  va 
rious  agricultural  journals. 

Fanshaw,  Sir  Thomas.  Practice  of  the  Exchequer 
Ct.  of  the  offices,  officers,  «fec.,  Lon.,  1658,  12mo. 

Fanshaive,  Ann  Harrison,  Lady,  1625-1680,  the 
eldest  daughter  of  Sir  John  Harrison,  and  wife  of  Sir 
Richard  Fanshawe.  Memoirs  of,  written  by  herself,  now 
first  pub.  from  the  original  MS.  To  which  are  added  Ex 
tracts  from  the  Corresp.  of  Sir  Richard  Fanshawe,  Lon., 
1829,  Svo.  Edited  by  Sir  N.  Harris  Nicolas. 

"  A  charming  piece  of  autobiography." — Lon.  New  Monthly  Mag, 

"  These  Memoirs  will  probably  take  their  place  by  the  side  of 
Mrs.  Hutchinson's  Memoirs,  a  praise  which  the  admirers  of  the 
latter  will  know  how  to  estimate." — Lon.  Spectator. 

"  There  is  not  much  in  this  book,  either  of  individual  character 
or  public  story.  It  is,  indeed,  but  a  small  affair— any  way;  but 
yet  pleasing,  and  not  altogether  without  interest  or  instruction." 
—LORD  JEFFREY:  Edin.  Review. 

When  the  vessel  that  carried  Lady  Fanshawe  from  Ire 
land  to  Spain  was  attacked,  she  put  on  men's  clothes  and 
fought  with  the  sailors. 

Fanshawe,  Catherine,  a  literary  lady  of  the  last 

generation,  was  a  great  favourite  with  the  brilliant  circle 

j  of  which  Scott,  Southey,  Mackintosh,  and  Joanna  Baillie, 

:  were  such  distinguished  ornaments.     She  wrote  a  number 

j  of  poetical  pieces,  of  which  the  Enigma  on  the  letter  H — 

often  ascribed  to  Lord  Byron — is  the  best  known. 

"Among  the  society  at  once  so  dazzling  and  so  charming,  there 
was  no  name  more  distinguished  for  brilliant  and  various  talent, 
;  or  for  every  attractive  quality,  than  that  of  Catherine  Fanshawe." 
j  —Miss  Mitfnrd's  Recollections  of  a  Literary  Life. 
j  Fanshawe,SirRichard,1608-1666,husband  of  Lady 
I  F.,  see  ante,  was  the  youngest  and  tenth  child  of  Sir  Henry 
i  Fanshawe,  Remembrancer  of  the  Exchequer,  and  brother 
I  of  Thomas,  Lord  Fanshawe.  He  was  educated  at  Jesus 
j  Coll.,  Camb.,  travelled  on  the  Continent,  and  became  famous 
|  for  scholarship  and  knowledge  of  modern  tongues.  Dur 
ing  the  Rebellion  he  fought  in  the  royal  army,  and  was  in 

577 


FAR 


FAR 


1651  taken  prisoner  at  the  battle  of  Worcester.  At  the 
Restoration  he  was  employed  in  several  diplomatic  nego 
tiations,  and  died  at  Madrid  in  1666,  whilst  ambassador  to 
the  court  of  Spain.  1.  Trans,  in  rhyme  of  Guarino's  II 
Pastor  Fido ;  or  the  Faithful  Shepherd.  With  other  Poems, 
Lon.,  1646,  '64,  '76,  8vo. 

"  Sir  John  Denham,  in  his  Verses  on  this  Translation,  infinitely 
commends  it:  and  tho'  he  seems  to  assent  to  our  Author's  Notions 
touching  Translations  in  general,  yet  he  shews  that  Sir  Richard 
has  admirably  succeeded  in  this  particular  Attempt,  as  the  reader 
may  see  by  the  following  Lines;  where  after  having  blaui'd  servile 
Translators,  he  goes  on  thus : 

'A  new  and  nobler  Way  thou  dost  pursue 
To  make  Translations,  and  Translators  too. 
They  but  preserve  the  Ashes,  thou  the  Flame, 
True  to  his  Sense,  but  truer  to  his  Fame,' "  &c. 

Langbaine's  Eng.  Dram.  Poets,  q.  v. 

2.  The  Lusiad;  or  Portugall's  Historicall  Poem,  trans, 
from  Luis  de  Camoens,  1655,  fol.  See  comments  on  this 
trans,  in  Mickle's  Lusiad.  3.  Querer  por  solo  querer;  or 
to  Love  only  for  Love's  sake;  a  Dramatick  Romance. 
4.  Triestas  de  Aranjuez;  these  were  trans,  by  Sir  Richard 
in  1654  from  the  Spanish  of  Antonio  de  Mendoza,  1671, 
4to.  5.  Original  Letters  and  Negotiations  of  Sir  Richard 
Fanshawe,  Ac.,  1671,  4to;  1701,  Svo;  1724,  2  vols.  8vo. 
In  this  collection  will  be  found  many  particulars  connected 
with  the  secret  history  of  the  period.  See  Life  of  Sir 
Richard  Fanshawe,  by  Edmund  Turner,  in  Biog.  Brit.,  a 
new  article,  vol.  v.,  1793.  In  some  copies  of  the  account 
of  Sir  Richard's  Embassies  in  Spain  and  Portugal,  there 
occur  after  the  Preface  two  leaves  entitled  A  Short  Account 
of  his  Excellency  Sir  Richard  Fanshawe,  and  his  Writings. 
A  contemporary  MS.  note  (printed  in  J.  H.  Burns's  Cata 
logue  for  1827)  thus  reads : 

"  These  two  leaves  were  torn  out  by  Mrs.  Fanshawe,  who  is 
mightily  incensed  at  the  Bookseller  [Abel  Roper]  for  printing  them 
•without  her  knowledge.  She  thinks  her  father  is  injured  by  this 
Account  of  him,  and  intends  to  publish  an  advertisement  of  it,  for 
•which  Roper  threatens  to  sue  her,  alledging  'twill  spoil  the  sale  of 
his  books." 

Faraday,  Michael,  the  most  eminent  English  che 
mist  now  living,  born  in  1794,  was  the  son  of  a  poor  black 
smith.  Whilst  an  apprentice  to  a  bookseller  in  London, 
he  attended  the  four  last  lectures  given  by  Sir  Humphry 
Davy  as  Professor  to  the  Royal  Institution.  He  took  notes 
of  these  lectures  and  sent  them  to  Sir  Humphry,  who  was 
so  much  pleased  with  his  remarkable  talents  that  in  1813 
he  appointed  him  assistant  in  the  laboratory.  Mr.  Faraday 
has  made  many  important  discoveries  in  heat,  light,  mag 
netism,  electricity,  &c.  In  1832  he  was  made  Doctor  of 
Laws  by  the  University  of  Oxford. 

1.  Chemical  Manipulation,  3d  ed.  revised,  Lon.,  1842,  8vo. 
"  No  student  should  think  of  commencing  the  study  of  practical 

chemistry  without  having  previously  perused  this  indispensable 
guide." — Proyi'ncial  Medical  Journal. 

2.  Experimental  Researches  in  Electricity.     Reported 
from  the  Phil.  Trans,  of  1831-38;  2d  ed.,  vol.  i.,  1849;  vol. 
ii.,  1844.     3.  Six  Lectures  on  the  Non-Metallic  Elements, 
by  Dr.  Scoffern,  1853,  12mo. 

Farbrother,  Roger.     Serm.,  1697,  4to. 

Fardley,  Wm.  Francis  and  Josepha ;  a  Tale.  From 
the  German  of  Huber,  1808,  8vo. 

Farewell.  An  East  India  Colation,  1633.  With  a 
eerm.  by  Farewell  on  the  Indians,  Jadis,  £4  19s. 

Farewell,  James.  The  Irish  Hudibras,  or  Fingal- 
lion  Prince,  Ac.,  Lon.,  1689,  8vo. 

Farey,  John,  1766-1826,  an  eminent  surveyor  and 
geologist,  a  native  of  Woburn,  Bedfordshire.  General  View 
of  the  Agricult.  and  Minerals  of  Derbyshire,  Lon.,  1811, 
'13,  '17,  3  vols.  8vo.  Pub.  by  order  of  the  Bd.  of  Agricult. 

"It  contains  a  very  valuable  mass  of  information  on  the  geo 
logy  of  Derbyshire,  which  is  one  of  the  most  interesting  counties 
in  Britain  to  the  geognost." — Donaldson's  Agricult.  Biog. 

Con.  to  Phil.  Trans.,  1811 ;  Nic.  Jour.,  1813 ;  Phil.  Mag., 

Faria,  Fenasco.  His  Narrative  about  the  Popish 
Plot,  Lon.,  1680,  fol. 

Farindon,  or  Faringdon,  Anthony,  1596-1658,  a 
native  of  Sunning,  Berkshire,  was  admitted  scholar  of  Trin. 
Coll.,  Oxf.,  1612;  elected  Fellow,  1617;  Vicar  of  Bray, 
Berks,  1634;  ejected  during  the  Rebellion;  subsequently 
pastor  of  St.  Mary  Magdalen,  Milk  Street,  London.  He 
was  a  most  eloquent  preacher.  Serms.,  vol.  i.,  1647,  fol.  ; 
vol.  ii.,  1663,  fol. ;  vol.  Hi.,  1673,  fol. ;  2d  ed.  of  vols.  i.  and 
ii.,  with  addits.,  1672,  fol.;  new  ed.,  1849,  4  vols.  8vo. 

"  A  noted  preacher,  an  eminent  tutor,  and  a  worthy  example  to 
be  imitated  of  all."— Athen.  Oxon. 

"Without  exception,  the  best  preacher  among  the  Episcopal  mi 
nisters  of  that  age.  The  Clergy,  in  their  visits  to  London,  used,  as 
a  matter  of  course,  to  attend  his  ministry ;  for  his  pulpit  was  called 
'  a  divinity  professor's  chair.'  His  sermons  are  a  treasure  of  sacred 
erudition  and  theology."— Dr.  Williams'*  C.  P. 


"  Sanderson  and  Farindon,  to  an  extensive  and  accurate  know 
ledge  of  divinity,  united  an  admirable  judgment,  great  clearness 
of  conception,  and,  above  all,  a  fervent  and  unaffected  spirit  of 
devotion." — British  Critic. 

Farindon  left  some  MS.  memorials  of  the  life  of  his  friend, 
the  famous  John  Hales  of  Eton. 

Farington.  Religion  of  many  of  the  Clergy  of  the 
Ch.  of  England,  Lon.,  1707,  8vo. 

Farington,  Joseph,  d.  1818.  1.  Views  of  [20]  the 
Lakes,  Ac.  in  Cumberland  and  Westmoreland,  Lon.,  1789, 
oblong  fol.  2.  The  Lakes  of  Lancashire,  Westmoreland, 
and  Cumberland,  1816,  imp.  4to. 

Farington,  Wm.     Serms.,  Warring.,  1769,  8vo. 

Farish,  Charles.  Toleration  of  Marriage  in  the  Uni 
versities  recommended,  1807,  8vo.  2.  Minstrels  of  Winder- 
mere,  1811,  8vo. 

Farish,  John,  of  Dumfries.  A  Treatise  on  Florin 
Grass,  1810,  8 vo. 

"  His  ideas  of  practice  on  the  subject  of  florin  grass  might  pro 
bably  have  been  worth  being  examined  and  recorded.  They  had 
not  upheld  the  use  of  the  plant." — Donaldson's  Agricult.  Biog. 

Farish,  Wm.     Report  of  Carnb.  Bible  Soc.,  1811,  8vo. 

Farley,  Edward.  Imprist.  for  Debt  Unconstitu 
tional  and  Oppressive,  Lon.,  1788,  8vo. 

Farley,  Harriet,  a  native  of  Claremont,  New  Hamp 
shire,  has  been  for  a  number  of  years  a  contributor  to  and 
editor  of  The  Lowell  Offering,  a  monthly  periodical,  (com 
menced  January,  1841,)  sustained  by  the  literary  labours 
of  the  factory  girls  employed  in  the  mills  at  Lowell,  Mas 
sachusetts.  An  interesting  autobiographic  letter  from 
Miss  Farley  (not  intended  for  publication)  will  be  found 
in  Mrs.  Hale's  Woman's  Record.  In  1847  she  pub.  a  vo 
lume  in  Boston,  containing  extracts  from  the  periodical 
under  her  charge,  including  some  of  her  own  contributions, 
entitled  Shells  from  the  Strand  of  the  Sea  of  Genius.  A 
selection  from  the  Lowell  Offering,  entitled  Mind  among 
the  Spindles,  with  an  Introduction  by  Mr.  Charles  Knight, 
was  pub.  in  London  in  1849.  It  has  been  highly  com 
mended  by  English,  French, 'and  German  critics. 

Farley,  Henry.  1.  Complaint  of  Paules,  1616,  4to., 
Reed,  6749,  £2  4s.  2.  St.  Pavles  Chvrch,  her  Bill  for  the 
Parliament,  1621,  4to.  A  curious  collection  in  prose  and 
poetry.  Bibl.  Anglo-Poet.,  262,  £5  5s. 

Farley,  J.  The  Duty  and  Office  of  Church-warden  in 
Ireland,  Dubl.,  1823,  8vo. 

Farley,  or  Farlie,  Robert,  a  native  of  Scotland. 
1.  Kalendarium  Humanae  Vitae,  The  Kalendar  of  Man's 
Life,  Lon.,  1638,  sm.  8vo.  This  contains  poems  on  the 
four  seasons,  in  Latin  and  English.  2.  Lychnocausia,  sive 
Moralia  Facium  Emblemata:  Lights,  Morall  Emblems, 
1638,  12mo.  3.  Naulogia,  sive  Inve'nta  Navis,  4to.  This 
is  a  Latin  Poem,  inscribed  in  Prose  and  Verse  to  Sir  Ro 
bert  Aytoun. 

Farmer,  A.  W.  Facts  on  the  American  Congress, 
and  the  controversy  with  G.  Brit.  See  Rich's  Bibl.  Ainer. 
Nova. 

Farmer,  Henry  T.,  a  native  of  England,  was  for 
some  time  engaged  in  commercial  pursuits  in  Charleston, 
S.  C.,  and  subsequently  removed  to  New  York,  where  he 
became  a  medical  student,  and  was  licensed  as  a  physician 
in  1821.  He  practised  medicine  in  Charleston,  S.  C.,  until 
his  death  at  the  age  of  46.  Whilst  a  student,  he  pub.  a 
vol.  entitled  Imagination :  The  Maniac's  Dream,  and  other 
Poems.  A  specimen  of  his  composition  will  be  found  in 
E.  A.  and  G.  L.  Duyckincks'  Cyc.-of  Ainer.  Lit. 

Farmer,  Hugh,  1714-1787,  a  dissenting  divine  of 
great  learning,  a  native  of  a  village  near  Shrewsbury,  was 
for  some  time  a  pupil  of  Dr.  Doddridge.  He  officiated  as 
chaplain  in  the  family  of  Wm.  Coward  of  Walthamstow, 
and  was  minister  to  a  congregation  in  that  village.  Mr. 
Coward  always  closed  his  house  at  six  in  the  winter  and 
seven  in  the  summer,  and  permitted  no  one,  visitor  or  resi 
dent,  to  enter  his  doors  after  the  stated  hour.  On  one  oc 
casion  Mr.  Farmer  was  shut  out,  and  sought  refuge  in  the 
house  of  Mr.  Wm.  Snell.  They  liked  their  visitor,  invited 
him  to  stay  where  he  was,  and  the  accidental  visit  of  a 
night  extended  to  thirty  years.  This  reminds  us  of  Dr. 
Isaac  Watts's  thirty-six  years'  visit  to  Sir  Thomas  Abney's 
family,  and  Dr.  Johnson's  long  residence  with  the  Thrales. 

1.  Serm.  on  the  Suppression  of  the  Rebellion  of  1745,  '46. 

2.  Christ's    Temptation   in   the   Wilderness,    1761,    8vo; 
3d  ed.,  1776.    3.  A  Dissertation  on  Miracles,  1771,  8vo. 

4.  Exam,  of  Le  Moine's  Treatise  on  Miracles,  1772,  8vo. 

5.  Essay  on  the  Demoniacs  of  the  N.  Test.,  1775,  8vo. 

6.  Letters  to  Rev.  Dr.  Worthington  in  answer  to  his  late 
Treatise  entitled  An  Impartial  Inquiry  into  the  Case  of 
the  Gospel  Demoniacs,  1778,  8vo.     7.  Worship  of  Human 
Spirits  in  the  Ancient  Heathen  Nations,  1783,  8vo.    See 


FAR 

FELL,  JOHN.  Life  by  Michael  Dodson,  1804,  5  vols.  8vo. 
See  this  Memoir,  and  article  in  Biog.  Brit.  He  left  many 
valuable  MSS.,  which  were  destroyed. 

"  The  works  of  Farmer  are  among  the  most  ingenious  and  learned 
theological  productions  of  the  last  century.  They  contain  many 
things  worthy  of  consideration ;  but  at  the  same  time  they  require 
to  be  read  with  caution.  .  .  .  Our  Lord's  temptation,  according  to 
Farmer,  was  a  divine  vision;  the  demoniacs  of  the  gospel  were 
merely  persons  strongly  affected  by  certain  diseases.  .  .  .  The  chief 
opponents  of  Farmer  were  Worthington  and  Fell,  who  were  both 
men  of  learning,  but  not  equal  to  Farmer  in  acuteness  and  com 
mand  of  temper." — Orme's  Bill.  Bib.,  q.  v.  See  also  the  remarks 
of  Bp.  Watson. 

Farmer,  Jacob.    Letter  rel.  to  Irish  Papists,  1642. 

Farmer,  John.  1.  Divers  and  Sundry  Wares,  <fec. 
upon  one  playn  Song,  Lon.,  1591,  8vo.  2.  English  Madri 
gals,  1599. 

Farmer,  John.  Hist,  of  the  Town  and  Abbey  of 
Waltham,  and  the  Hist  of  Abbies,  977-1558,  Lon.,1755,  8vo. 

Farmer,  John,  a  dissenting  minister,  brother  of  Hugh 
Farmer,  was  assistant  minister  at  Fetter  Lane,  London, 
1730,  and  at  Coggeshall,  Essex,  1739.  20  Serms.  on  va 
rious  subjects,  Lon.,  1744,  8vo. 

Farmer,  John.  Select  Cases  in  Surgery,  collected 
in  St.  Bartholomew's  Hospital,  1757,  4to. 

Farmer,  John,  1789-1838,  of  Concord,  New  Hamp 
shire.  1.  Genealogical  Register  of  the  First  Settlers  of  N. 
England,  Lancaster,  Mass.,  1829,  Svo.  2.  In  conjunction 
with  J.  B.  Moore,  Gazetteer  of  New  Hampshire,  Concord, 
N.  Hamp.,  1823,  12mo.  Mr.  F.  pub.  several  tracts  on  sub 
jects  of  local  history,  and  was  a  contributor  to  the  Collec 
tions  of  the  Mass,  and  N.  Hamp.  Hist.  Societies. 

Farmer,  R.  1.  The  Great  Mysteries  of  Godliness  and 
Ungodliness  discovered  from  the  writings  of  the  Quakers, 
Lon.,  1655,  4to.  2.  A  Plain  Dealing  and  Plain  Meaning 
Sermon,  1660,  4to. 

Farmer,  Richard.     Serm.,  Lon.,  1629,  4to. 

Farmer,  Richard,  a  linen  draper  at  Stow-on-the- 
Wold,  d.  1814,  aged  49.  The  Soldiers;  an  Hist  Poem, 
1802,  8vo.  Analysis  of  the  Carbonated  Chalybeate  near 
Stow,  1809,  Svo. 

Farmer,  Richard,  D.D.,  1735-1797,  a  divine  of  ex 
tensive  learning,  a  native  of  Leicester,  was  educated  at 
Emanuel  Coll.,  Camb.,  of  which  he  became  Master  in  1775. 
He  subsequently  became  Vice-Chancellor  and  principal 
Librarian  of  the  University,  and  obtained  prebends  at 
Lichfield  and  Canterbury.  He  exchanged  the  latter  for  a 
canonry  at  St.  Paul's.  Both  an  English  and  an  Irish 
bishopric  were  offered  to  him  and  declined.  In  1766  he 
issued  proposals  for  pub.  a  History  of  the  Town  of  Leices 
ter,  from  the  MSS.  of  William  [should  be  Thomas]  Staveley. 
He  found  the  work  too  laborious,  and  gave  his  materials 
to  John  Nichols,  whose  History  and  Antiquities  of  Lei 
cester,  4  vols.  fol.,  1795-1811,  is  deservedly  valued.  In 
1766,  Svo,  Dr.  Farmer  gave  to  the  world  his  celebrated 
Essay  on  the  Learning  of  Shakspeare,  2d  ed.,  with  large 
addits.,  1767,  Svo.;  12  copies  on  thick  paper.  Reprinted 
in  1789  and  in  1821.  Also  printed  with  Steevens's  ed.  of 
Shakspeare,  1793,  and  the  eds.  by  Read  in  1803  and  Har 
ris  in  1812. 

The  extent  of  Shakspeare's  knowledge  of  the  classics 
which  he  so  freely  uses  had  long  been  a  mooted  point. 
Farmer  hit  upon  the  only  plan  by  which  the  question  could 
be  settled.  He  proves  that  Shakspeare  derived  his  know 
ledge  through  translations,  and  not  from  the  originals,  by 
showing  that  he  has  cited  the  phraseology,  and  even  the 
errors,  of  the  translators.  We  must  then  agree  with  an 
eminent  critic  who  styles  Farmer's  Essay 

"A  work  by  which  an  end  is  put  forever  to  the  dispute  concern 
ing  the  learning  of  Shakspeare." — DR.  WARTOX. 

Dr.  Johnson  and  Farmer  were  well  acquainted  with  each 
other;  and  several  letters  from  the  lexicographer  to  the 
Master  of  Emanuel  College  will  be  found  in  Boswell's  Life 
of  the  former.  In  one  dated  March  21,  1770,  we  find  the 
following  reference  to  Farmer's  Essay : 

"  In  support  of  an  opinion  which  you  have  already  placed  above 
the  need  of  any  more  support,  Mr.  Steevens,  a  very  ingenious  gen 
tleman,  lately  of  King's  College,  has  collected  an  account  of  all  the 
translations  which  Shakspeare  might  have  seen  and  used.  He 
wishes  his  catalogue  to  be  perfect,  and  therefore  entreats  that  you 
will  fevour  him  by  the  insertion  of  such  additions  as  the  accuracy 
of  your  inquiries  have  enabled  you  to  make." 

We  also  find  the  following  note  in  Langton's  papers : 

"Column,  in  a  note  on  his  translation  of  Terence,  talking  of 
Shakspeare's  learning,  asks,  'What  says  Farmer  to  this  ?  What 
says  Johnson?'  Upon  this  he  observed,  '  Sir,  let  Farmer  answer 
for  himself:  /  never  engaged  in  this  controversy.  I  always  said 
Shakspeare  had  Latin  enough  to  grammaticise  his  English '  "— 
See  Boswell's  Life  of  Johnson. 

Dr.  Parr  excelled  in  epitaphs  and  other  eulogistic  flou 
rishes.  He  complimented  Farmer,  both  living  and  dead. 


FAR 

We  regret  that  we  lack  space  to  enable  us  to  give  both  or 
either  to  the  reader.  And,  alas!  what  space  have  we 
wherein  to  depict  the  wonders  of  Farmer's  library  ?  It 
was  sold  by  Mr.  King,  in  1798,  and  produced  £2210,  which 
was  about  £1700  more  than  it  was  supposed  to  have  cost 
him.  But  for  a  continuation  of  this  ravishing  theme — 
ravishing,  if  our  reader  be  a  true  Bibliomaniac — we  must 
refer  to  Dibdin's  Bibliomania.  Those  who  are  so  unhappy 
as  to  be  without  this  volume  deserve  pity,  and — room  or 
no  room — they  shall  have  a  few  lines  about  RARE  RICHARI, 
FARMER : 

"  How  shall  I  talk  of  thee,  and  of  thy  wonderful  collection,  0 
RARE  RICHARD  FARMER  ? — and  of  thy  scholarship,  acuteness,  plea 
santry,  singularities,  varied  learning,  and  colloquial  powers !  Thy 
name  will  live  long  among  scholars  in  general;  and  in  the  bosoms 
of  virtuous  and  learned  bibliomaniacs  thy  memory  shall  be  ever 
shrined !  The  walls  of  Emanuel  College  now  cease  to  convey  the 
sounds  of  thy  festive  wit ;  thy  volumes  are  no  longer  seen,  like 
Richard  Smith's  'bundles  of  sticht  books,'  strewn  upon  the  floor; 
and  thou  hast  ceased,  in  the  cause  of  thy  beloved  Shakspeare,  to 
delve  into  the  fruitful  ore  of  black-letter  literature.  Peace  to  thy 
honest  spirit ;  for  thou  wert  wise  without  vanity,  learned  without 
pedantry,  and  joyous  without  vulgarity.  .  .  .  Farmer  had  his  fo 
ragers,  his  jackals,  and  his  avantrcouriers,  for  it  was  well  known 
how  dearly  he  loved  every  thing  that  was  interesting  and  rare  in 
the  literature  of  former  ages.  As  he  walked  the  streets  of  London 
— careless  of  his  dress,  and  whether  his  wig  was  full-bottomed  or 
narrow-bottomed — he  would  talk  and  '  mutter  strange  speeches'  to 
himself,  thinking  all  the  time,  I  ween,  of  some  curious  discovery 
he  had  recently  made  in  the  aforesaid  precious  black-letter  tomes. 
But  the  reader  is  impatient  for  the  BIBLIOTHECA  FARMERIANA." 

Our  readers  also  must  be  impatient  for  the  Bibliotheca 
Farmeriana,  and  procure  it  whenever  the  opportunity  may 
occur,  which,  we  can  assure  them,  will  be  very  seldom. 
It  bears  date  May,  1798,  and  contains  8199  articles — and 
such  articles  !  But  we  forbear. 

Farmer,  Thomas.  The  Plain  Truth,  Lon.,  1763, 4to. 
This  refers  to  the  Essay  on  Women. 

Farmer,  Wm.  Almanack  for  Ireland,  Dubl.,  1587, 4to. 

"  Perhaps  the  earliest  Almanac  printed  in  or  for  that  country." 
— Watts  Bibl.  Brit. 

Farmerie,  Wm.     Serms.,  1710,  '16. 

Farnabie,  or  Farnaby,  Thomas,  1575-1647,  an 
eminent  grammarian,  a  native  of  London,  studied  for  some 
time  at  Merton  Coll.,  Oxf.,  which  he  left  for  a  college  of  the 
Jesuits  in  Spain.  Returning  to  England,  he  taught  school 
alternately  at  Martock  in  Somersetshire,  in  London,  and 
at  Sevenoaks,  in  Kent.  He  had  charge  of  the  sons  of 
many  of  the  noblemen,  and  acquired  a  large  property. 
During  the  Rebellion  he  suffered  imprisonment  as  a  friend 
to  the  monarchy.  He  pub.  several  learned  works — com 
mentaries  on  Juvenal,  Persius,  Seneca,  Martial,  Ovid,  Te 
rence,  and  Lucian,  Index  Rhetoricus,  1625,  8vo,  Systema 
Grammaticum,  1641,  Svo,  <fec. — for  particulars  of  which 
see  Athen.  Oxon.,  Biog.  Brit.,  and  Genl.  Diet. 

The  remark  of  his  which  offended  the  Parliamentarians 
was,  that  it  was  "  better  to  have  one  king  than  five  hun 
dred  :"  which  shrewd  reflection  is  of  itself  enough  to  prove 
him  a  man  of  excellent  sense.  The  nation  soon  came 
round  to  his  way  of  thinking.  But  good  laws  are  the  best 
kings. 

"  He  was  the  chief  grammarian,  rhetorician,  poet,  latinist,  and 
Grecian,  of  his  time;  and  his  school  was  so  much  frequented,  that 
more  churchmen  and  statesmen  issued  thence  than  from  any  school 
taught  by  one  man  in  England."— Athen.  Oxon. 

Farnaby,Giles.  Canzonets  to  Fovre  Voyces,1598,4to. 

"  Farnaby  assisted  Ravenscroft  in  putting  parts  to  some  of  the 
Psalm-tunes  published  at  the  beginning  of  the  next  century."— 
Lowndes's  Bibl.  Man. 

Farneworth,  Ellis,  d.  1762,  Rector  of  Carsington, 
Derbyshire.  1.  Life  of  Pope  Sextus  V.,  trans,  from  the 
Italian  of  Gregorio  Leti,  Lon.,  1754,  fol. ;  Dubl.,  1778,  8vo. 
2.  A  short  Hist,  of  the  Israelites,  trans,  from  the  French 
of  Abbe"  Fleury,  Lon.,  1756,  Svo. 

"  This  little  book  contains  a  concise,  pleasing,  and  just  account 
of  the  manners,  customs,  laws,  polity,  and  religion,  of  the  Israelites. 
It  is  an  excellent  introduction  to  the  reading  of  the  Old  Testament, 
and  should  be  put  into  the  hands  of  every  young  person.  An  ele 
gant  English  version  of  it,  by  Mr.  Farneworth,  was  first  printed 
in  1756."  Vide  Bishop  Home's  Discourses,  vol.  i. 

New  ed.,  by  Adam  Clarke,  q.  v.,  1805,  12mo.  3.  The 
Hist,  of  the  Civil  Wars  of  France,  trans,  from  the  Italian 
ofDavila,  1757,  2  vols.  4to. 

"  The  great  historian  of  this  time  is  Davila.  His  work  may  be 
referred  to  in  all  the  more  important  particulars,  especially  with 
respect  to  the  views,  interests,  and  intrigues  of  the  different  leaders 
and  factions."— Prof.  Smyth's  Lect.  on  Mod.  Hist. 

And  see  AYLESBTTRY,  WM.;  COTTEREL,  SIR  CHARLES. 

4.  The  Works  of  Machiavel,  trans,  and  illustrated  with 
Notes,  Anecdotes,  and  Life,  1761,  2  vols.  4to;  1775,  4  vols. 
Svo.  See  BEDINGFIELD,  THOMAS. 

"  We  are  told  in  the  House  of  Commong  by  Mr.  Fox,  that  the 
authority  of  Machiavel  is  great.  The  founders  of  the  French  Re 
public,  and  refounders  of  it,  seem  always  to  have  had  Machiavel's 
Discourses  or  Livy  in  their  view."— Pursuits  of  Literature. 

579 


FAR 


FAR 


"Machiavelli,  in  his  history  of  Florence,  instructed  the  Italians 
in  the  art  of  uniting  the  eloquence  of  history  with  the  depth  of 
reflection.  He  has  attached  himself  much  less  than  his  predeces 
sors  in  the  same  line,  to  the  narration  of  military  events.  But  his 
work,  as  a  history  of  popular  passions  and  tumults:  is  a  master 
piece  ;  and  Machiavelli  has  completed,  by  this  noble  example  of  his 
theories,  his  analysis  of  the  human  heart.  He  has  left  three  come 
dies,  which,  by  the  novelty  of  the  plots,  by  the  strength  and  viva 
city  of  the  dialogues,  and  by  their  admirable  delineation  of  charac 
ter,  are  far  superior  to  all  that  Italy  had  then,  or  has  perhaps  since, 
produced."  —  Sismondi. 

We  lack  space,  and  it  does  not  enter  into  our  plan,  to 
discuss  the  vexed  question  of  the  morale  of  Machiavelli's 
remarkable  productions.  An  excellent  paper  on  the  sub 
ject  will  be  found  among  Mr.  T.  B.  Macaulay's  Miscellanies. 

I'urnluun,  Mrs.  E.  W.  Life  in  Prairie  Land,  N. 
York,  1846,  12mo.  A  work  of  great  sprightliness,  which 
should  be  read  by  all  who  think  of  "emigrating  to  the 
Western  Country." 

"This  is  a  delightful  book,  and  will  afford  most  agreeable  read 
ing.  The  authoress  has  a  quick  eye  and  graphic  pen,  and  describes 
the  statistics  of  a  large  city  or  the  peculiar  mode  of  a  sun-bonnet 
with  the  same  facility  and  pleasantness." 

"  It  is  made  up  of  a  series  of  charming  and  lifelike  pictures  of  a 
personal  residence  in  the  Far  West  —  perfect  daguerreotypes  of  a 
settler's  daily  habits,  &c.,  together  with  graphic  sketches  of  travel 
in  various  sections  of  that  fer-spreading  and  fertile  country.  The 
work  is  enlivened  by  a  rich  vein  of  irresistible  humour,  interwoven 
with  passages  of  great  power  and  eloquent  beauty,  eminently  im 
pressive  and  suggestive."  —  Democratic  Review. 

Fa  rnh  a  in,  Rt.  Hon.  Barry  Maxwell,  Earl  of. 
Examination  into  the  Principles  of  the  Speech  of  Lord 
Minto,  <fcc.,  Dubl.,  1800,  8vo.  See  Park's  Walpole's  R.  & 
N.  Authors. 

Farnworth,  Richard,  pub.  a  number  of  theolog. 
treatises,  1653-58. 

Farquhar,  David.  The  Torch  of  Time,  Lon.,  1849, 
12mo.  This  is  one  of  three  excellent  Prize  Essays,  origi 
nally  pub.  in  one  volume,  intended  to  exhibit  the  Temporal 
Advantages  of  the  Sabbath  considered  in  relation  to  the 
Working  Classes.  The  subject  is  one  of  great  importance 
to  the  best  interests  of  Society. 

Farquhar,  Ferdinand.  The  Relics  of  a  Saint:  a 
right  merry  Tale,  Lon.,  1816,  12mo. 

Farquhar,  George,  1678-1707,  a  comic  dramatist, 
the  son  of  a  clergyman,  was  a  native  of  Londonderry.  In 
1694  he  was  sent  to  Trinity  Coll.,  Dublin,  which  he  de 
serted  for  the  boards  of  the  Dublin  theatre.  He  left  the 
stage  in  consequence  of  having  accidentally  stabbed  a 
brother  actor  —  not  fatally,  however  —  whilst  playing  Guyo- 
mar  in  the  Indian  Emperor  of  Dryden.  His  friend  Wilks, 
the  famous  actor,  persuaded  him  to  turn  author;  and,  un 
fortunately  for  the  world,  a  lieutenant's  commission,  con 
ferred  upon  him  by  Lord  Orrery,  enabled  him  to  corrupt 
the  age  by  his  licentious  plays,  instead  of  being  obliged 
to  get  his  living  by  some  honest  employment.  1.  Love 
and  a  Bottle;  a  Comedy,  1698.  2.  Constant  Couple;  or, 
Trip  to  the  Jubilee  ;  a  Comedy,  1700,  '10,  8vo.  3.  Sir 
Harry  Wildair;  or,  The  Sequel  of  the  Trip  to  the  Jubilee; 
a  Comedy,  1701.  4.  Miscellanies  ;  or,  Collection  of  Poems, 
Letters,  and  Essays,  1702.  5.  The  Inconstant;  or,  The 
Way  to  Win  Him;  a  Comedy,  1703.  6.  The  Stage  Coach; 
a  Farce,  1704.  7.  The  Twin  Rivals;  a  Comedy.  8.  The 
Recruiting  Officer;  a  Comedy,  1706.  9.  The  Beaux  Stra 
tagem  ;  a  Comedy.  Works,  containing  all  his  Poems,  Let 
ters,  Essays,  and  Comedies,  10th  ed.,  corrected,  1772,  2 
vols.  12mo.  Farquhar's  Dramatic  Works  have  been  re 
cently  republished  in  the  same  volume  with  those  of  Wy- 
cherley,  Congreve,  and  Vanbrugh,  Lon.,  1849,  r.  8vo,  by 
Moxon.  Prefixed  will  be  found  a  critical  notice  of  his 
Life  and  Writings,  by  Leigh  Hunt,  (see  also  his  paper  in 
the  London  Athenaeum,  January  2,  1841,)  who  has  incor 
porated  into  his  article  Charles  Lamb's  sophistical  and 
mischievous  essay,  entitled  On  the  Artificial  Comedy  of 
the  last  Century.  The  curious  reader  can  also  consult  the 
Biog.  Brit.,  Biog.  Dramat.,  Gibber's  Lives,  and  Spence's 
Anecdotes. 


ng<    He  imProved  in  each  play  ;  his  last  was 
f  l^ed'  he  would  Prob*t>ly  have  made  a  very  good 

writer  that  way.»-OLDi8woRTH  :  ^pence's  Anecdotes. 
f£°^  sidering  the  manner  of  writing  then  in  fashion,  the  purity 

JSJJSl  ftU<?h  Dg8  St£e  is  quite  sun>™ng.-L.  (He  spoke 
of  Farquhar  at  the  same  time  as  a  mean  poet,  and  as  placed  bv 
gome  in  a  higher  rank  than  he  deserved.  Mr  Pope  alwayS  used 
to  call  Farquhar  a  ferce-writer.")—  Ibid. 

"As  a  writer,  the  opinions  of  critics  have  been  various  The 
general  character  which  has  been  given  of  his  comedies  is  that  the 
success  of  most  of  them  fer  exceeded  the  author's  1™*^™*. 
that  h»  was  particularly  happy  in  the  choice  TS  sublets  Seh 
he  always  took  care  to  adorn  with  a  great  variety  of  characters  and 
incidents;  that  his  style  is  pure  and  unaffected,  his  wit  natural 
and  flowing,  and  his  plots  generally  well  contrived.  But  then 
on  the  contrary,  it  has  been  objected  that  he  was  too  hasty  in  his 


productions;  that  his  works  are  loose,  though  not  indeed  so  grossly 
libertine  as  those  of  some  other  wits  of  his  time;  that  his  imagina 
tion,  though  lively,  was  capable  of  no  great  compass ;  and  his  wit, 
though  passable,  not  such  as  would  gain  ground  on  considera 
tion." — Biog.  Dramat. 

"  He  seems  to  have  been  a  m&n  of  a  genius  rather  sprightly  than 
great,  rather  flowery  than  solid.  His  comedies  are  diverting,  be 
cause  his  characters  are  natural,  and  such  as  we  frequently  meet 
with:  but  he  has  used  no  art  in  drawing  them,  nor  does  there  ap 
pear  any  force  of  thinking  in  his  performances,  or  any  deep  pene 
tration  into  nature,  but  rather  a  superficial  view,  pleasant  enough 
to  the  eye.  though  capable  of  leaving  no  great  impression  on  the 
mind." — Gibber's  Lives. 

"  Farquhar  is  a  light  and  gay  writer,  less  correct  and  less  spark 
ling  than  Congreve,  but  he  has  more  ease,  and,  perhaps,  fully  as 
great  a  share  of  the  vis  comica.  The  two  best"  and  least  excep 
tionable  of  his  plays  are  the  '  Recruiting  Officer'  and  '  Beaux  Stra 
tagem.'  I  say  the  least  exceptionable ;  for,  in  general,  the  tendency 
of  both  Congreve  and  Farquhar's  plays  is  unmoral." — DR.  BLAIR: 
Lect.  on  Khet.  and  Belles-Lettres. 

We  have  already  given  our  opinion  at  length  upon 
authors  of  this  class  in  the  articles  on  BEAUMONT  and 
FLETCHER,  and  JEREMY  COLLIER. 

Farquhar,  John,  minister  at  Nigg.  Serms.,  4th  ed., 
edited  by  Drs.  Geo.  Campbell  and  Alex.  Gerard,  Lon., 
1792,  8vo. 

"A  good  judge  will  not  be  at  a  loss  to  discern  in  this  preacher 
au  eminent  clearness  of  apprehension,  correctness  of  taste,  a  lively 
imagination,  and  delicate  sensibility  to  all  the  finest  feelings  of 
which  human  nature  is  susceptible." — Editor's  Preface. 

';  We  recollect  of  reading  his  sermons  the  first  time  with  a  delight 
bordering  on  enthusiasm.  They  discover  a  cultivated  mind  and 
a  feeling  heart;  much  rational  piety,  and  becoming  zeal  for  the 
eternal  interests  of  man." — Dr.  D.  Scot. 

Farquhar,  Robert  Townsend.  Suggestions  rel.  to 
Pop.  of  Brit.  W.  Indies,  and  abolition  of  Slave  Trade,  1807. 

Farquharson,  George.  Reports  of  Trials,  Ac., 
1808,  '09,  '11,  Ct.  of  Chancery.  Lett.  rel.  to  Lord  Eldon, 
1825. 

Farquharson,  Wm.,  M.D.  Con.  to  Med.  Com.,  1788; 
to  Mem.  Med.,  1789,  '92. 

Farquharson,  Wm.  Truth  in  pursuit  of  Colonel 
Wardle,  1810.  Was  he  caught? 

Farr,  Edward.  1.  Version  of  the  Psalms  of  David. 
2.  The  People  of  China.  3.  Bible  Biography,  fp.  8vo ;  2d 
ed.,  1847.  4.  Select  Poetry,  1845,  2  vols.  18mo;  1847, 
r.  18mo.  5.  Jephtheginia,  or  Jephtha's  Daughter,  and 
other  Poems,  1846,  32mo.  6.  Collegiate,  School,  and 
Family  Hist,  of  Eng.,  1848,  12mo. 

"  Certainly  the  best  school  and  family  history  of  England  we 
have  seen." — Lon.  Critic. 

7.  The  Hist,  of  France.  8.  Manual  of  Geography  for 
Schools,  1850,  12mo. 

Farr,  Samuel,  M.D.,  1741-1795,  a  native  of  Taunton, 
Somerset.  1.  Acids,  Lon.,  1769, 12mo.  2.  Animal  Motion, 
1771,  8vo.  3.  Aphorism!  de  Marasmo  ex  Suminis  Medicis 
Collectis,  1772,  12mo.  4.  Blood-letting  in  Consumption, 
1775,  8vo.  Dr.  Farr  was  opposed  to  the  practice.  5.  Hist, 
of  Epidemics,  from  Hippocrates,  1781,  4to.  6.  Elements 
of  Medical  Jurisprudence,  1788,  8vo.;  1811,  1815,  12mo. 
A  trans,  from  the  work  of  Fascelius,  with  addits.  by  Farr. 
7.  On  the  Use  of  Cantharides  in  Dropsical  Complaints, 
Mem.  Med.,  1789. 

Farr,  Wm.,  M.D.  Locked  Jaw  and  Opisthotonas ; 
Med.  Obs.  and  Inq.,  1770.  Meteorolog.  Observ.  at  Ply 
mouth  and  Bristol,  1768,  '69. 

Farr,  Wm.  1.  Essay  on  Cancer,  Lon.,  8vo.  2.  Trea 
tise  on  Scrofula,  8vo.  3.  Medical  Guide  to  Nice,  1841, 
12mo.  Mr.  Farr  is  editor  of  the  London  Medical  Annual. 

"  Some  of  the  most  elaborate  and  important  papers  in  the  Annual 
Reports  of  the  Registrar-General  [London]  have  been  written  by 
Mr.  W.  Farr,  and  reflect  the  highest  credit  on  his  ability,  extensive 
mathematical  and  medical  learning,  and  industry." — McOuttocWs 
Lit.ofPolit.  Econ. 

Farrant,  Henry  •  Letters  rel.  to  the  See  of  Canter 
bury,  Lon.,  1716,  4to. 

Farrant,  Richard,  d.  about  1585,  an  eminent  com 
poser  of  music,  was  a  gentleman  of  the  Chapel  Royal  in 
1564.  Some  of  his  music  will  be  found  in  the  collections 
of  Boyce  and  Barnard. 

Farrar,  Eliza,  the  wife  of  Professor  John  Farrar,  of 
Harvard,  is  well  known  as  the  author  of  The  Children's 
Robinson  Crusoe,  the  Life  of  Lafayette,  the  Life  of  How 
ard,  Youth's  Letter  Writer,  Ac.  The  most  popular  of  her 
volumes  is  The  Young  Lady's  Friend,  first  pub.  in  1837, 
and  frequently  reprinted  in  England  and  America. 

"It  contains  no  flights  of  fancy,  or  attempts  at  fine  writing,  but 
for  sound  practical  sense,  expressed  in  good  English,  and  in  a  style 
perfectly  adapted  to  the  subject,  it  is  a  work  worthy  of  Hannah  More 
or  Maria  Edgeworth." — Hart's  Female  Prose  Writers  of  America. 

Farrar,  John,  has  pub.  many  valuable  works  (issued 
in  Boston,  Mass.)  on  Nat.  Philos.,  Topography,  and  various 
branches  of  the  mathematics. 

Farrar,  Rev.  John.     1.  Proper  Names  of  the  BibJo, 


FAR 


FAU 


2d  ed.,  1844,  fp.  8vo.  2.  Biblical  and  Theolog.  Diet,  1852, 
12mo.  3.  Ecclesiastical  Diet.,  1853,  12mo. 

Farrar,  Richard.     Political  tracts,  1648,  '60. 

Farrar,  T.  Report  of  the  Dartmouth  College  Case, 
Portsmouth,  1819,  8vo. 

Farre,  John  R.,  M.D.  Hydrocele,  1798,  8vo.  The 
Liver,  1812-15,  4to.  Saunders  on  the  Eye,  1812,  8vo. 
The  Heart,  1814,  8vo.  Cynanche,  in  Med.  Chir.  Trans., 
1812. 

Farre,  Samuel.     See  FARR. 

Farrel,  Mrs.  Charlotte ;  or,  the  sequel  to  the  Sorrows 
of  Werter;  and  other  Poems,  1792,  4to. 

Farrel,  Charles,  M.D.     Ophthalmia,  1810,  '11. 

Farrel,  George.     Serm.,  1716,  8vo. 

Farrel,  James  A.     State  of  the  Nation,  1816,  8vo. 

Farrel,  John.  Hist  and  Polit  View  of  Geneva  in  the 
18th  Cent,  from  the  French  of  F.D'Ivernois,  Lon.,1784,  8vo. 

Farrel,  R.     Union  or  Separation,  1798,  8vo. 

Farrel,  R.,  M.D.  Lect.  of  Boyer  on  Diseases  of 
the  Bones,  by  A.  Richmond,  trans,  from  the  French,  Lon., 
1801,  2  vols.  8vo.  Researches  into  the  laws  of  Chemical 
Affinity,  from  the  French  of  C.  L.  Berthollet,  1804,  8vo. 

Farren,  Edwin  James.  1.  Hist  Essay  on  the 
Early  Progress  of  Life  Contingencies,  Lon.,  1844,  8vo. 

"This,  and  Mr.  Milne's  historical  account  in  the  Encyclopaedia 
Britannica,  are  the  only  ones  of  which  we  know,  that  treat  the 
subject  at  any  length." — Lon.  Athenceum. 

2.  Life  Contingency  Tables,  Part  1.  Chances  of  Prema 
ture  Death,  1850,  4to. 

Farren,  George.  1.  Life  Assurance,  Lon.,  1822,  8vo. 
2.  Statute  made  Easy,  1837,  ISmo.  3.  Key  to  Statutes, 
Ac.,  1837,  18mo.  4.  Handbook  for  Judges,  Barristers,  Ac., 
1839,  8vo.  5.  Bill  of  Costs  in  Chancery,  1840,  12mo. 

6.  Rules  for  Reading  Acts  of   Parliament,   1840,  18mo. 

7.  Digest  of  Equity  and  Common  Law  Reports,  1841,  8vo. 

8.  Chart  of  Chancery  Practice,  1841,  sheet     9.  Common 
Rules  and   Forms  for  drawing  Bills  in  Chancery,  1842, 
18mo.     Amer.  ed.  with  addits.  adapted  to  U.  States  Cts. 
of  Equity,  Ac.,  Boston,  1845,  12mo.     This  is  a  reprint  of 
Nos.  9  and  10.    See  BARBOUR,  OLIVER  LORENZO;  Chancery 
Practice.     10.  Common  Forms,  Ac.,  answering  a  Bill  in 
Chancery,  Lon.,  1844,  18mo.     11.  Liabilities  of  Members 
of  Public  Companies  and  Partnerships,  1844,  12mo. 

Farrer,  E.  The  Trial  of  Abraham;  a  Dramatic 
Poem,  1790,  8vo. 

Farrer,  Isaac.     Serm.,  1768,  8vo. 

Farrer,  John.  1.  Hebrew  Poems,  Lon.,  1780,  4to. 
2.  America;  a  Poem,  1780,  4to.  3.  Serm.,  1801,  4to. 

4.  Serms.  on  the  Mission  and  character  of  Christ,  with 
those  preached  at  the  Bampton  Lecture,  Oxf.,  1804,  8vo. 

5.  Serins,  on  the  Parables.     New  ed.,  1809,  8vo. 
Farrer,  John.     1.  The  Hist  of  Limerick,  1792,  8vo. 

2.  A  View  of  Ancient  and  Modern  Dublin,  1796,  8vo. 

Farrer,  Mary.  The  Appeal  of  an  Injured  Wife 
against  a  Cruel  Husband,  Lon.,  1788,  8vo. 

Farrer,  Wm.,  M.D.  1.  Med.  treatise  from  Tissot, 
Lon.,  1767,  8vo.  2.  Rickets  in  Children,  1773,  12mo. 

Farrer,  Wm.,  LL.D.  1.  Brief  Outline  of  the  Study 
of  Theology,  trans,  from  the  late  Dr.  Frederick  Schleier- 
macher,  with  Reminiscences  of  Schleiermacher,  by  Dr. 
Frederick  Liicke,  Lon.,  1850,  8vo. 

"  The  work  of  a  gigantic  mind.  It  is  incomparably  the  most 
suggestive  work  we  ever  read ;  every  sentence  is  a  mine  of  thought." 
—KiWrs  Journal. 

2.  First  Lines  of  Christian  Theology,  by  John  Pye 
Smith,  D.D.,  LL.D.,  Ac.,  edited  from  the  author's  MSB., 
with  addit.  Notes  and  References,  1854,  8vo.  See  SMITH, 
JOHN  PYE,  D.D.,  LL.D. 

Farres,  Capt.  Speech  to  Earl  of  Warwick,  on  behalf 
of  the  County  of  Essex,  Lon.,  1642,  4to. 

Farresley,  Thomas.  Modern  Cases  in  Ct  of  K.  B. 
at  Westminster,  reign  of  Q.  Anne,  Lon.,  1716,  fol.  See 
Modern  Reports,  vol.  viii.,  in  Marvin's  Leg.  Bibl.  520,  and 
Wallace's  Reports,  47. 

Farrington,  Rev.,  of  Dinas.  Of  the  Char-Fish  in 
North  Wales;  Phil.  Trans.,  1755. 

Farrington,  J.     Britannia   Depicta. 

Farrington,  John.  Origin  of  the  Grandeur  of  the 
Court  of  Rome.  From  the  French  of  Abbe"  Vertot,  Lon., 
1754,  8vo. 

Of  this  celebrated  writer  we  find  the  following  bio 
graphical  sketch  in  Biographie  Universelle,  nouvelle 
Edition,  Bruxelles,  1843-47,  21  vols.  imp.  8vo : 

"Rene  Anbert,  Abb6  de  Vertot,  celebre  historien,  ne  le  25  No- 
vembre,  1655,  au  ch&teau  de  Benetot,  dans  le  pays  de  Caux,  em- 
brassa  1'etat  ecclesiastique,  et  ne  tarda  pas  a  donner  des  preuves 
d'une  devotion  exaltee,  qui  le  conduisit,  a  1'insu  de  sa  famille,  dans 
un  convent  de  capucins.  Mais  bientot  sa  vie  fut  en  peril,  et  on  le 
deciela,  non  sans  peine,  a  entrer  dans  1'ordre  moina  austere  des 


Pr6montr€s.  Le  prieurfi  de  Joyenval  lui  fut  confers  par  un  bref 
du  pape  et  des  lettres  du  roi;  mais  les  murmures  de  ses  confreres 
le  deciderent  a  s'en  demettre,  et  il  obtint  la  cure  de  Croissy-la- 
Garenne,  pres  de  Marly.  II  se  livra  alors  d  1'etude,  sans  negligei 
sesdevoirsde  pasteur,etfit  imprimeren  1689  son  premier  ouvrage, 
VHistoire  fie  la  Conjuration  du  Portugal.  Bientot  apres  il  obtint 
une  cure  d'un  assez  gros  revenu,  aux  portes  de  Rouen,  et  n'en 
travail  la  qu'avec  plus  d'ardeur.  Sept  ans  apres  son  premier 
ouvrage,  il  publia  VHistoire  des  Revolutions  de  Suede,  dont  cinq 
Editions  parurent  coup  sur  coup,  avec  la  meme  date,  et  qui  fut 
traduite  en  plusieurs  langues.  En  1701,  lorsque  le  roi  donna  une 
forme  nouvelle  a  1'AcadSmie  des  Inscriptions,  Vertot  rec.ut  le  titre 
d'associe.  On  se  relfccha  pour  lui  de  la  rigueur  du  reglement  qui 
exigeait  residence,  et  il  lui  fut  permis  de  ne  venir  singer  qu'en 
1703.  II  fut  nomm§  pensionnaire  en  1703 ;  et  des  lors  nul  ne  se 
moutra  plus  assidu  ni  plus  zele.  En  1710  il  fit  parattre  un  Traiti 
de,  la  Mouvance  de  Brltagne,  ou  il  combattait  les  pretentious  des 
Bretons  a  se  dire  independants  de  la  monarchic  franchise,  avec 
laquelle  ils  etaient  li£s  plutot  que  confondus.  Mais  son  oeuvre 
favorite  etait  VHistoire  des  Revolutions  de  la  Ripublique  Romaine, 
qui  parut  en  1717  et  obtint  des  applaudissements  universels.  Ce 
fut  alors  que  1'ordre  de  Malte  le  pria  de  rediger  ses  annales  en  un 
corps  complet  d'histoire,  qu'il  publia  en  1726.  Pendant  qu'il  tra- 
vaillait  a  ce  long  ouvrage,  il  fut  nommS  secretaire  interprete.  puis 
secretaire  des  commandements  de  la  princesse  de  Bade,  femme  du 
due  d'Orleans,  fils  du  regent,  et  se  trouva  ainsi  en  possession  d'un 
revenu  considerable  et  d'un  logernent  au  Palais  Royal.  II  passa 
la  derniere  partie  de  sa  vie  dans  1'aisance  et  le  repos,  mais  aussi 
dans  un  etat  d'infirruite  continuelle,  qui  Pempecha  d'executer  les 
divers  projets  qu'il  avait  en  tete.  Vertot  mourut  le  15  Juin,  1735. 
On  dut  regretterde  son  temps  plus  qu'on  ne  le  ferait  aujourd'hui, 
qu'il  cut  cess6  d'ecrire.  L'histoire  etait  pour  lui,  avant  tout, 
une  oeuvre  litteraire :  il  n'aspirait  point  a  saisir  la  verite  de  couleur 
et  negligeait  le  scrupuleux  detail  des  faits  pour  viser  presque 
uniquement  1'effet  dramatique.  On  en  tend  de  nos  jours  autrement 
le  devoir  de  1'historien.  L'edition  la  plus  complete  de  ses  (Euvres 
choisies  est  celle  de  Paris,  1819  a  1821, 12  vols.  in  8vo." 

The  historical  reader  must  not  fail  to  peruse  the  criti 
cism  of  Gibbon  on  Vertot's  account  of  the  Social  War, 
(Vertot,  ReVolut  Rom.,  torn.  iii.  26-30.)  We  quote  a  few 
lines  from  the  introduction  and  a  few  from  the  conclusion  : 

"I  shall  venture  to  make  some  reflections  on  this  extraordinary 
war,  the  principal  circumstances  of  which  have  been  somewhat  mis 
represented  by  the  Abbe  Vertot, — an  author  whose  works  are  read 
with  the  same  pleasure  as  romances,  to  which  in  other  respects  they 
bear  too  much  resemblance.  .  .  .  The  Abb6  Vertot,  when  he  ex 
plained  the  difficulties  with  which  the  Romans  had  to  contend, 
should  also  have  mentioned  the  resources  by  which  they  were  enabled 
to  surmount  them."— Gibbon's  Mscell.  Works,  ed.  1837,  8vo,  510, 512. 

Whilst  the  reader  has  this  fascinating  volume  in  his  hands, 
let  him  turn  back  to  page  385,  and  mourn  with  us  that  the 
learned  historian  never  carried  out  his  admirable  project 
of  "  a  seventh  or  supplemental  volume"  to  his  great  work. 

Farrington,  Richard.     20  Serms.,  Lou.,  1741,  8vo. 

Farro,  Daniel.  Royal  Universal  Brit  Grammar 
and  Vocabulary,  Lon.,  1754,  8vo ;  1776.  R.  G.  Instructor 
for  Youth,  1776,  12ino. 

Farthing,  John.  Short  Writing  Shortened,  1654. 
See  Lowndes's  Bibl.  Man. 

Farthing,  Ralph.     Serm.,  1722,  8vo. 

Fary.  John.     Serm.,  Lon.,  1645,  4to. 

Fasquelle,  Jean  Louis,  F.B.,  LL.D.,  b.  1808,  in 
France,  settled  in  the  U.  S.  in  1834.  Appointed  Prof,  of 
Languages,  Ac.  in  the  University  of  Michigan  in  1846. 
1.  A  new  method  of  learning  the  French  language,  20th 
ed.,  N.  Y.,  1854.  30,000  copies  of  this  work  have  also 
been  published  in  England.  2.  Teleinaque,  with  notes  and 
grammatical  references.  3.  The  Colloquial  French  Reader, 
4th  ed.,  1854.  4.  Napoleon,  (Dumas,)  with  notes,  Ac.  5.  A 
general  and  Idiomatical  Dictionary  of  the  French  and 
English  Languages. 

The  merits  of  Fasquelle's  New  French  Course  are  well 
known.  We  have  room  for  only  one  recommendation  from 
the  thirty  or  forty  before  us. 

"I  have  taught  many  classes  in  the  French  Language,  .  .  .  and 
I  do  not  hesitate  to  say  that  Fasquelle's  French  Course,  on  the  plan 
of  Woodbury's  Method  with  the  German,  is  superior  to  any  other 
French  Grammar  I  have  met  with,  for  teaching  French  to  those 
whose  mother-tongue  is  English.  It  combines,  in  an  admirable 
manner,  the  excellencies  of  the  old  or  classic,  and  the  new  or  Ollen- 
dorfian,  methods,  avoiding  the  faults  of  both." — JOSEPH  WILLIAM 
JENKS,  Prof,  of  Languages  in  the  New  Ch.  Univ.  at  Urbanna,  Ohio. 

Faugeres,  Margaretta  V.,  1771-1801,  a  daughter 
of  Mrs.  Anne  Eliza  Bleecker,  was  a  native  of  Tonhanick, 
near  Albany,  New  York.  She  was  unhappily  married  to 
an  infidel  physician— Dr.  Peter  Faugeres  of  New  York— 
who  abused  his  wife,  and  squandered  her  fortune.  She 
subsequently  taught  school  at  New  Brunswick  and  at 
Brooklyn.  In  1793  Mrs.  Faugeres  edited  the  posthumous 
works  of  her  mother,  (see  BLEECKER,  ANNE  ELIZA,)  add 
ing  some  of  her  own  compositions  in  verse  and  prose.  In 
1795  she  pub.  Belisarius,  a  Tragedy  in  five  acts,  extracts 
from  which,  and  a  notice  of  the  author,  will  be  found  in 
Griswold's  Female  Poets  of  America. 

"Though  unsuited  to  the  stage,  this  tragedy  has  considerable 
merit,  and  is  much  superior  to  the  earlier  compositions  of  the  au- 


FAU 

thor.  The  style  is  generally  dignified  and  correct,  and  free  from 
the  extravagant  declamation  into  which  the  subject  would  have 
seduced  a  writer  of  less  taste  and  judgment." — Ubi  supra. 

Fanlkener,  Charles.     Hints  to  Electors,  1796,  Svo. 

Faulkland.    See  FALKLAND. 

Faulkner,  A.  B.,  M.D.    A  Hospital,  Ac.,  1810,  Svo. 

Faulkner,  B.    Insanity,  Lon.,  1790,  8vo. 

Faulkner,  George,  d.  1775,  a  Dublin  printer  and 
bookseller,  afterwards  resident  in  London,  edited  a  journal, 
and  enjoyed  the  patronage  of  Lord  Chesterfield  and  Swift. 
The  former  addressed  to  him,  under  the  name  of  Atticus, 
those  ironical  letters  which  attained  such  great  celebrity. 


FAY 

Fawcett,  John,  DJ).,  1739-1817,  a  Baptist  minister. 
Serms.,  Hymns,  Poems,  Ac.,  1775-91. 

Fawcett,  John,  D.D.  Serms.,  theolog.  treatises,  bio- 
graph,  sketches,  Ac.,  1797-1807.  Devotional  Family  Bible ; 
with  Notes  and  Illustrations,  Lon.,  1811,  2  vols.  r.  4to. 

"This  work  is  evangelical,  judicious,  and  well  written." — 
Lowndes's  Brit.  Lib. 

"  This  work  is  wholly  designed  for  family  use ;  but  the  marginal 
renderings  and  parallel  texts  have  been  entirely  omitted.  The 
absence  of  these  is  inexcusable  in  any  edition  of  the  Bible  above 
the  size  of  a  duodecimo  volume." — Home's  Bibl.  Bib. 

Fawcett,  John,  Rector  of  Scaleby.  Serms.  for  Fa 
milies,  3d  ed.,  Lon.,  1823,  2  vols.  12mo.  Familiar  Dis- 


Faulkner's  style  and  manner  were  ridiculed  in  An  Epistle     courses,  1828,  8vo.     Other  works, 
to  George  Edmund  Howard,  Esq.,  with  notes  by  George        Fawcett,  John,  of  Covent-Garden  Theatre.     1.  Obi; 
Faulkner,  Esq.,  an  alderman,  reprinted  in  Dilly's  Reposi-     a  pant.  Drama,  1800,  8vo.     2.  La  Perouse;  a  Pant.  Drama, 
tory,  voL  iv.  p.  175.     But  some  authentic  letters  of  Faulk-  '  - 
ner's  will  be  found  in  Nichols's  Literary  Anecdotes,  and 
in  the  2d  vol.  of  the  Supplement  to  Swift,  whose  confiden 
tial  printer  he  was.     Faulkner  died  an  alderman  of  Dublin 
in  1775.     A  caricature  of  this  literary  printer,  by  Richard 
Cumberland,  will  be  found  in  the  Memoirs  of  the  Life  of 
the  latter,  p.  173,  4to  ed. 

Faulkner,  Thomas.  1.  Hist.  Descrip.  Acct.  of  the 
Roy.  Hosp.  and  Roy.  Milit.  Asylum  at  Chelsea,  Lon.,  1805, 
12mo.  2.  Hist.,  Topog.,  and  Statis.  Descrip.  of  Chelsea 
and  its  Environs,  1810,  8vo.  3.  Hist,  and  Topog.  Descrip. 
of  Fulham,  1813,  8vo.  4.  Hist,  and  Antiq.  of  Kensington, 
1820,  8vo. 

Faulkner,  W.    1.  Serms.    2.  Ch.  Service,  1802,  '13. 

Faulkner,  Win.  H.  Rights  of  Man  Invaded;  being 
an  Exposition  of  the  Tyranny  of  our  Gov.  in  India,  1792, 
8vo.  A  fruitful  theme,  truly. 

Faunt,  Arthur,  or  Laurence,  Arthur,  an  English 
Jesuit,  born  in  Leicestershire,  pub.  several  theolog.  trea 
tises.  See  Watt's  Bibl.  Brit. 

Fauquier,  Francis.  Raising  Money  for  support  of 
the  War,  Ac.,  3d  ed.,  Lon.,  1757,  8vo.  Joseph  Massie  pub. 
Observations  on  this  Essay,  1756,  8vo.  See  McCulloch's 
Lit.  of  Polit.  Econ. 

Fausset,  Godfrey,  D.D.,  Canon  of  Christ  Church 
Margaret  Prof,  of  Divinity,  Oxford,  and  Vicar  of  Crop- 
thorn,  Worcestershire.  1.  Serm.  on  the  Necessity  of  Edu 
cating  the  Poor  in  the  principles  of  the  Established  Church, 
Oxf.,  1811,  8vo.  2.  Claims  of  the  Established  Church;  8 
serms.  at  the  Bampton  Lecture,  1820,  8vo. 

"  We  will  only  premise,  therefore,  that  all  enemies  of  the  Church 
who  do  not  regard  her  doctrines  as  unscriptural,  will,  if  we  mis 
take  not,  find  in  this  volume  of  Bampton  Lectures  the  reasons  of 
its  discipline  so  justly  explained,  and  the  importance  of  preserving 


1801,  8vo.     3.  The  Enchanted  Island;  a  Dram.  Ballad, 
1804,  8vo. 

"  Successful  pieces."— Biog.  Dramat. 

Fawcett,  Joseph,  d.  1804,  a  dissenting  minister  at 
Walthamstow,  afterwards  a  farmer.  He  pub.  several  serms., 
poems,  Ac.  Serms.  at  the  Old  Jewry,  Lon.,  1795, 2  vols.  8vo. 
"  It  may  not  be  easy  to  find  many  volumes  that  can  boast  so 
happy  an  union  of  sound  sense  and  useful  instruction  with  all 
the  graces  and  energies  of  oratory."— Lon.  Monthly  Review. 

"  His  figures  of  speech,  his  metaphors  and  allusions,  are  beauti 
ful,  numerous,  and  striking." — Lon.  Critical  Review. 

Fawcett,  Richard,  D.D.,  Vicar  of  Newcastle,  and 
Preb.  of  Durham.     Serm.,  1768,  4to. 
Fawcett,  Samuel.     Serms.,  1641,  '68. 
Fawcett,  Thomas.     Serms.,  Lon.,  1784,  8vo. 
Fawcett,  General  Sir  Wm.,  1728-1804,  Gov.  of 
Chelsea  Hospital,  an  English  officer,  served  on  the  Conti 
nent  during  "  the  seven  years'  war."     1.  The  Reveries,  or 
Memoirs  upon  the  Art  of  War;  from  the  French  of  Saxe, 
1757,  4to.     2.  Reg.  for  the  Prussian  Cavalry;  from  the 
German,  1757.     3.  Reg.  for  the  Prussian  Infantry,  1759. 
4.  Rules,  Ac.  rel.  to  his  Majesty's  Forces,  1786,  8vo;  1792. 
Fawconer,  Samuel.     Serm.,  Lon.,  1763,  8vo.    Es- 
say  on  Modern  Luxury,  1765,  8vo. 

Fawkes,  Francis,  1721-1777,  educated  at  Jesus  Coll., 
Camb.,  Vicar  of  Orpington,  1755;  Rector  of  Hayes,  1774. 
1.  Bramham  Park ;  a  Poem,  1745.  2.  Descrip.  of  May, 
1752.  3.  Of  Winter.  4.  Trans,  of  Anacreon,  Sappho,  Bion, 
Moschus,  and  Musseus,  1760, 12mo;  1754;  both  from  Gawen 
Douglas.  5.  Original  Poems  and  Translations,  1761. 
Partridge  Shooting ;  a  Poem,  1767,  4to.  .7.  Trans,  of 
the  Idylliums  of  Theocritus,  1767,  Svo.  8.  The  Argonau- 
tics  of  Apollonius  Rhodius ;  posth. ;  completed  by  Rev. 
Henry  Meen  of  Emanuel  Coll.,  Camb.,  1780,  8vo.  9.  Fa 
mily  Bible,  with  Notes,  4to.  10.  In  conjunction  with  Mr. 


that  discipline  so  ably  asserted,  that  if  they  be  but  men  of  tolerable 

fairness,  they  will  hardly  be  able  to  avoid  a  feeling  of  regret  that  they  Wotty,  The  Poetical  Calendar,  vol.  i.,  1763, 12mo ;  intended 
are  at  enmity  with  a  Church  which  can  sustain  its  cause  by  a  line  of  as  a  supplement  to  Dodsley's  Collection.  The  Poetical  Ca- 
argument  so  powerful  and  so  direct."— Ion.  Christ.  Remembrancer.  lendar  and  Nichols's  Collection  contain  some  of  Fawkes'a 
Also  highly  commended  in  the  British  Critic.  3.  Serm. :  p0ems.  His  song  of  The  Brown  Jug  is  still  a  great  fa- 
Revival  of  Popery,  1838,  Svo.  vourite.  Fawkes's  merits  were  considerable. 


Faustus,  a  monk,  b.  about  390,  supposed  to  have  been 
a  native  of  Britain,  Bishop  of  Riez,  in  Province,  466,  wrote 
against  predestination  and  reprobation.  These  writings 
will  be  found  in  Bibl.  Max.  Patr.,  viii.  See  Cave,  vol.  i.  j 
Milner's  Ch.  Hist. ;  Saxii  Onomast. 

Faux,  W.,  an  English  Farmer.  Memorable  Days  in 
America;  being  a  Journal  of  a  Tour  in  the  United  States 
Lon.,  1823,  8vo,  pp.  448.  This  is  a  "  Memorable"  work,  as 
being  the  occasion  of  two  spicy  reviews :  the  first  in  the 
Lon.  Quarterly,  vol.  xix.  338,  said  to  be  by  Gifford ;  the 
other,  in  which  the  critic  of  the  Quarterly  is  roughly  ban 
died,  in  the  N.  Amer.  Rev.,  vol.  xix.  92,  by  Edward  Everett. 
Favell.  Votes  of  Thanks  by  Southwark  to  Mr.  War- 
die,  1809,  Svo. 

Favell,  Charles.     Serm.,  Lon.,  1793,  4to. 
Favell,  James.    Abraham's  Case  in  offering  up  Isaac, 
Camb.,  1769,  4to. 

Favour,  John,  d.  1623,  Vicar  of  Halifax,  Yorkshire. 
Antiquitie  triumphing  over  Noveltie ;  or  Antiquitie  a  cer 
tain  Note  of  the  Christian  Catholic  Church,  Lon.,  1619, 4to. 


1  He  was  esteemed  a  person  of  great  piety  and  charity,  a 
well  read  in  substantial  and  profound  authors." — Athen.  Oxon. 

Fawcett,  Benjamin,  1715-1780,  a  dissenting  mi 
nister  at  Kidderminster  for  35  years.  Serms.,  1756-80. 
Abridgt.  of  Baxter's  Saint's  Rest.  Religious  Melancholy, 
1780,  Svo.  " 

Fawcett,  J.,  a  dissenting  minister.  Serms.,  1749, 
Svo.  Crit.  Expos,  of  the  9th  Chap,  of  Romans,  1752,  Svo. 

Fawcett,  James,  Lady  Margaret  Preacher  in  the 
Univ.  of  Cambridge.  Serms.  preached  before  the  Univ. 
of  Cambridge,  Camb.,  1794,  Svo. 

"  These  sermons  are  truly  academic.  They  afford  young  preachers 
a  happy  example  of  the  manner  in  which  ingenious  speculation 
may  be  united  with  practical  utility." — Lon.  Monthly  lieview. 


vourite. 

"  His  great  strength  lay  in  translation,  in  which,  since  Pope,  few 
ive  equalled  him." — Nichols's  Literary  Anecdotes,  q.  v. 

Dr.  Johnson,  not,  indeed,  a  first-rate  critic  in  Greek  lite 
rature,  remarked  that 

"  Frank  Fawkes  had  done  the  odes  of  Anacreon  very  finely." 

Fawkes,  James.    Life  of  Dr.  Seignior,  1681,  Svo. 

Fawkes,  Walter.  1.  Chronol.  of  the  Hist,  of  Mod. 
Europe,  475-1793,  York,  1810,  4to.  2.  Speech  on  Pari. 
Reform,  1812.  3.  The  Englishman's  Manual;  or,  A  Dia 
logue  between  a  Tory  and  a  Reformer,  1817,  Svo. 

Fawkner,  Anthony.     Serms.,  1630,  '35. 

Fawler,  John.     Surg.  Con.  to  Phil.  Trans.,  1707. 

Fay,  Theodore  S.,  a  native  of  New  York,  Secretary 
of  Legation  for  the  United  States  at  the  Court  of  Berlin 
from  1837  to  1853,  and  since  1853  Minister  to  Switzerland, 
enjoys  extensive  reputation  as  a  graceful  and  graphic 
writer.  In  1832  he  pub.  Dreams  and  Reveries  of  a  Quiet 
Man,  containing  The  Little  Genius,  and  other  essays  con 
tributed  to  that  excellent  periodical,  The  New  York  Mir 
ror,  of  which  Mr.  Fay  was  for  some  time  one  of  the  editors. 
He  has  since  pub.  The  Minute  Book,  a  journal  of  travels ; 
Norman  Leslie,  a  Tale  of  the  Present  Times,  1835  ;  2d  ed. 
in  same  year;  Sydney  Clifton,  1839;  The  Countess  Ida, 
1840;  Hoboken,  a  Romance  of  New  York,  1843;  Robert 
Rueful,  1844 ;  Ulric;  or,  The  Voices :  a  Tale,  1851.  Of  his 
fugitive  contributions  to  periodicals,  perhaps  the  best 
known  are  the  papers  on  Shakspeare.  Mr.  Fay  has  also 
some  pretensions  to  the  character  of  a  poet.  A  review  of 
the  Countess  Ida,  by  an  eminent  critic,  will  be  found  in 
The  North  American  Review,  li.  434-457.  We  quote  a 
few  lines  from  the  conclusion: 

"  The  work  shows  a  deep  sympathy  with  human  nature,  as  well 
as  a  familiar  acquaintance  with  the  higher  forms  of  European 
social  life.  The  author  has  not  been  dazzled  by  the  trappings  of 


FAY 

royalty  and  aristocracy,  though  he  can  describe  them  so  well.  The  | 
virtues  and  the  vices  of  high  society  are  set  forth  by  him  with  im 
partiality  and  force;  and  we  rise  from  his  pages  with  a  cordial  re 
spect  for  his  abilities,  a  sympathy  with  his  views  of  life,  and  an 
admiration  of  the  moral  purity  which  is  shed  over  the  scenes  he 
has  so  vividly  placed  before  us." — PROF.  C.  C.  FELTON. 

"  Mr.  Theodore  S.  Fay.  our  Minister  to  Switzerland,  is  at  present 
engaged  in  writing  the  history  of  that  country.  Several  years,  it 
is  stated,  must  elapse  ere  the  completion  of  the  work,  which  will 
doubtless  be  a  highly  creditable  contribution  to  that  historical  lite 
rature  for  which  America  is  already  so  justly  distinguished."— 1855. 

Fayerman,  Francis.  Zarah;  that  is,  Christianity 
before  Judaism,  Lon.,  1757,  Svo. 

Fayerman,  Richard.  Contemplation;  a  Poetical 
Essay  on  the  Works  of  Creation,  1776,  4to. 

Fazakerly.  Poemata  varia,  Lon.,  1781,  Svo.  These 
poems  were  suppressed. 

Fea,  James.  1.  Grievances  of  Orkney  and  Shetland, 
Edin.,  1750,  Svo.  2.  Present  State  of  the  Orkney  Islands, 
1755,  Svo.  3.  Fishing  on  the  Coasts  of  Shetland,  1775,  Svo. 

Fea,  John  W.     Eldomiana,  Lon.,  1826,  Svo. 

Feake,  Christopher.  Theolog.  treatises,  Lon.,  1651- 
57,  4to. 

Feake,  John.     Serms.,  Lon.,  1660,  4to. 

Fearn,  John.     1.  Human  Consciousness,  1811,  4to. 

2.  Review  of  Berkeley,   Reid,  and    Stewart,   1813,   4to. 

3.  Primary  Vision,  1815,  4to.     4.  The  Human  Mind,  Svo. 
Fearne,  Charles,  Judge- Advocate  of  the  Admiralty, 

temp.  Geo.  II.  1.  Minutes  of  the  Proceedings  of  the  Trial 
of  Rear-Admiral  Knowles,  Lon.,  1750,  Svo.  Report  of 
the  Trial  of  Admiral  Byng,  1756,  fol.  See  BYJSG,  HONOUR 
ABLE  JOHN. 

Fearne,  Charles,  1749-1794,  son  of  the  preceding, 
was  educated  at  Westminster  school,  from  whence  he  was 
removed  to  the  Inner  Temple.  He  soon  became  distin 
guished  for  his  legal  erudition,  and  could  have  secured  a 
large  professional  business,  had  not  a  fondness  for  chemi 
cal  and  philosophical  experiments  engrossed  a  great  por 
tion  of  his  time  and  thoughts.  From  this  cause  his  life 
was  embarrassed  with  difficulties,  and  his  last  hours  clouded 
with  anxiety  for  those  whom  he  left  behind.  1.  Legigra- 
phical  Chart  of  Landed  Property  in  England,  1769,  '94. 
2.  An  Impartial  Answer  to  the  Doctrine  delivered  in  a 
Letter  which  appeared  in  the  Public  Advertiser,  under  the 
signature  of  Junius,  1769,  Svo.  3.  An  Essay  on  the  Learn 
ing  of  Contingent  Remainders  and  Executory  Devises, 
1772,  8vo,  anon.,;  1773,  '75;  4th  ed.,  enlarged,  1791,  2  vols. 
Svo.  This  ed.  contains  the  copies  of  Opinions  on  the  Will 
in  case  Perrin  v.  Blake,  pub.  1780,  Svo ;  with  Notes  by 
Powell,  vol.  i.,  1801;  vol.  ii.,  1795,  Svo;  6th  ed.,  with  Notes 
by  Charles  Butler,  1809,  Svo ;  7th,  8th,  and  9th  edits,  vary 
but  little  from  the  6th  ed.;  10th  ed.,  enlarged  by  Josiah  W. 
Smith,  1844,  2  vols.;  Phil.,  1845,  2  vols.  Svo.  This  con 
tains  Butler's  Notes  and  addits.  The  value  of  Fearne's 
great  work  is  well  known  to  the  profession, 
from  some  eminent  authorities : 

"  This  work  is  so  very  instructive  on  the  dry  and  obscure  sub 
ject  of  remainders  and  executory  devises,  that  it  cannot  be  too 
much  recommended  to  the  attention  of  the  diligent  student." — 
HARGRAVE:  Co.  Lit.,  20. 

"  Where,  for  instance,  shall  we  look  for  a  work  like  Mr.  Fearne's 
Essay  on  Contingent  Remainders  and  Executory  Devises?  This 
subject,  which  constituted  one  of  the  most  obscure,  and  must  for 
ever  remain  one  of  the  most  intricate,  titles  of  the  common  law, 
had  been  already  sketched  out  by  the  masterly  hand  of  Lord  Chief 
Baron  Gilbert,  [see  Bacon's  Abridgment,  Guillim's  Edition,  title, 
Remainder  and  Reversion,  Note ;]  but,  like  all  his  other  writings, 
it  was  left  in  a  detached  and  imperfect  shape.  It  was  reserved 
for  Mr.  Fearne  to  honour  the  profession  by  a  treatise  so  profound 
and  accurate  that  it  became  the  guide  of  the  ablest  lawyers,  yet  so 
luminous  in  method  and  explanations  that  it  is  level  to  the  capa 
city  of  every  attentive  student.  He  has,  in  fact,  exhausted  the 
subject ;  and  this  chef-d'oeuvre  will  forever  remain  a  monument  of 
his  skill,  acuteness,  and  research.  All  that  the  most  accomplished 
lawyer  can  reasonably  hope,  is  to  add  a  commentary  of  new  cases 
and  principles,  as  they  arise,  without  venturing  to  touch  the 
sacred fabrick  of  his  master."— JUDGE  STORY:  North  Amer.  Review, 
vi.  54;  Nov.,  1817. 

"  A  masterly  production  on  a  doctrine  generally  admitted  as  one 
of  the  most  abstruse  in  the  whole  system  of  English  law.  The  en 
lightened  and  scientific  manner  in  which  this  difficult  topic  has 
been  treated  by  Mr.  Fearne  has  imparted  to  it  an  interest  before 
unfelt,  and  strongly  illustrates  the  infinite  importance  of  a  pro 
gressive  and  strictly  analytical  method  of  the  discussion  of  dry  and 
abstruse  doctrines." — Hoffman's  Legal  Study. 

But  Mr.  Hoffman  does  not  think  Fearne  entirely  correct 
in  classification  and  definitions;  and,  referring  to  the 
opinion  we  shall  next  quote,  considers  that  the  "entire 
doctrine  of  these  subjects  is  capable  of  great  modification." 
"  If  it  were  desired  to  form  a  code  of  the  law  of  contingent  re 
mainders  and  executory  devises,  it  could  not,  perhaps,  be  better 
done  than  by  a  statute  which  should  propound,  in  the  form  of  a 
code,  all  the  principles  and  rules  of  law  laid  down  in  Mr.  Fearne's 
Essay,  and  declare  them  to  be  law."— CHARLES  BUTLER:  Life  of 
Chancellor  IP  Aguesseau,  p.  65. 


FEO 

"  Charles  Fearne  was  a  man  of  a  very  strong  and  subtle  intellect, 
and  delighted  in  metaphysical  and  philosophical  speculations. 
The  work  mentioned  in  the  text  [Contingent  Remainders]  has 
long  been  a  first>rate  legal  text-book,  characterized  by  accurate 
and  profound  learning." —  Warren's  Law  Studies,  2d  ed.,  xlv.  1845. 
4.  Posthumous  Works,  by  T.  M.  Shadwell,  1795,  '99,  Svo. 
Fearon,  Henry  Bradshaw,  a  London  surgeon. 
1.  Cancers,  Lon.,  1784,  Svo;  new  ed.,  1795,  8vo.  2.  Obs. 
on  Cancers,  Memoirs  Med.,  1789.  3.  A  Narrative  of  a 
Journey  of  5000  miles  through  the  Eastern  and  Western 
States  of  America. 

"  The  tone  of  ill-temper  which  this  author  usually  manifests  in 
speaking  of  the  American  character,  has  gained  for  his  work  the 
approbation  of  persons  who  regard  that  country  with  peculiar 
jealousy." — Lon.  Monthly  Review. 

But,  if  Mr.  Fearon  be  a  truthful  witness,  there  seems 
to  be  but  little  occasion  for  "jealousy."  See  Lon.  Quart. 
Review,  xxi.  124. 

"  Mr.  Fearon  is  a  much  abler  writer  than  either  of  the  two  last, 
[Palmer  and  Bradbury,]  but  no  lover  of  America,  and  a  little  given 
to  exaggerate  in  his  views  of  vices  and  prejudices."— REV.  SYDNET 
SMITH:  Edin. Review. 

Fearon,  James   Peter.     Theatrical   Criticism  j  a 
Critique  on  the  School  of  Reform,  1805,  Svo. 
Fearon,  Joseph.     Serm.,  Lon.,  1756,  4to. 
Fearon,  Joseph  F.     Serm.,  Lewes,  1797,  4to. 
Featherstonehaugh,  George  William.    1.  Geo 
logical  Report,  made  in  1834,  of  the  elevated  country  be 
tween  the  Missouri  and  Red  Rivers,  Washington,  1835,  Svo, 
pp.  97.     2.  Observ.  upon  the  Treaty  of  Washington,  signed 
9th  August,  1842,  Lon.,  1842,  Svo,  pp.  560.     See  a  review 
of  this,  and  other  publications  connected  with  this  treaty, 
in  the  Lon.  Quar.  Review,  Ixxi.  560.     3.  Excursion  through 
the  Slave  States,  1844,  2  vols.  Svo,  pp.  792. 

"  The  notices  of  the  natural  history  and  the  mines  are  novel  and 
interesting,  and  his  pictures  of  the  heroes  of  the  bowie-knife  remark 
ably  characteristic  and  entertaining." — Lon.  New  Monthly  Mag. 
4.  Canoe  Voyage  to  the  Minnay  Soter,  1847,  2  vols.  Svo. 
Featherstonehaugh,  H.  Serm.,  1724,  Svo. 
Featley,  Featly,  or  Fairclough,  Daniel,  1582- 
1644,  a  native  of  Charlton,  near  Oxford,  was  educated  at 
Corpus  Christi  Coll.,  Oxf.;  Rector  of  Lambeth,  1618;  of 
Allhallows,  1627;  and  subsequently  of  Acton.  A  bio 
graphy  of  this  learned  divine  will  be  found  in  Chalmers's 
Biog.  Diet.  It  was  intended  for  the  commencement  of  the 
6th  vol.  of  the  new  ed.  of  the  Biog.  Brit.,  never  completed. 
See  Dibdin's  Library  Companion.  For  a  list  of  Featley's 
works,  of  which  we  notice  a  few,  see  Athen.  Oxon.  An- 
cilla  Pietatis,  Lon.,  1626,  4to;  a  work  of  great  popularity; 
8th  ed.,  1676.  Hexatexiurn,  1637,  fol.  Clavis  Mystica, 
70  Serms.,  1638,  fol. 

"  A  singular  exhibition  of  the  kind  of  eloquence  and  instruction 
•which  was  in  vogue  during  the  period  in  which  the  author  lived. 
Featley  was  by  no  means  destitute  of  learning  and  imagination; 
but  his  powers,  quaint  conceits,  numerous  distinctions  and  divi 
sions,  display  the  lamentable  want  of  taste  and  good  sense  which 
We  quote  j  prevailed."— Orme's  Bibl.  Bib. 

The  Dippers  Dipt ;  or  the  Anabaptists  dvcked  and  plvng'd 
over  Head  and  Ears,  at  a  Disputation  in  Southwark,  1647, 
'51,  4to.  Noticed  by  Milton :  see  Lowndes's  Bibl.  Man. ; 
Orme's  Bibl.  Man.  The  League  Illegal,  1660,  4to.  His 
nephew,  Dr.  John  Featley,  pub.  a  work  entitled  Doctor 
Daniel  Featly  Revived,  with  his  Life  and  Death,  1 660, 12mo. 
Featley,  John,  d.  1666,  a  nephew  of  the  preceding, 
visited,  in  1643,  St.  Christopher's,  in  the  West  Indies,  and 
was  the  first  preacher  of  the  Gospel  there.  1.  A  Divina 
Antidote  against  the  Plague.  2.  A  Fountaine  of  Teares, 
Amst.,  1646,  24mo;  Lon.,  1683, 12mo.  3.  Divine  Antidote 
against  the  Plague,  1660.  4.  Serms. 

Featley,  Richard,  d.  1681,  aged  61,  "a  nonconform- 
ing  minister,  and  a  frequent  preacher  in  conventicles." — 
Athen.  Oxon.     One  or  more  of  his  serms.  will  be  found  in 
The  Morning  Exercise  against  Popery,  <fcc.,  Lon.,  1675,  4to. 
Febure,  Mrs.     A  medical  treatise,  Lon.,  1777,  Svo. 
"Nothing  more  nor  less  than  a  quack  advertisement." — Lon. 
Monthly  Review. 

Feckenham,  John  de,  D.D.,  d.  1585,  so  called  be 
cause  born  near  the  forest  of  Feckenham,  (his  right  name 
was  Howman,)  was  the  last  mitred  abbot  who  sat  in  the 
house  of  peers.  This  excellent  Roman  Catholic  divine 
pub.  a  few  controversial  pieces.  See  Biog.  Brit. ;  Dodd's 
Ch.  Hist.;  Strype'sCranmer;  Athen.  Oxon.  He  was  con 
tinually  employed  in  doing  good'  to  the  persecuted  Pro 
testants  of  his  day,  and  incurred  Queen  Mary's  displeasure 
by  the  pertinacity  with  which  he  urged  the  enlargement 
of  the  Princess  Elizabeth.  Upon  the  accession  of  the  lat 
ter,  she  offered  him  the  Archbishopric  of  Canterbury  upon 
condition  that  he  would  conform,  but  he  rejected  the  pro 
posal.  He  was  subsequently — to  the  disgrace  of  the  crown 
— imprisoned  with  other  Roman  Catholics,  and  died  a  cap 
tive  in  Wisbeach  castle,  in  the  Isle  of  Ely.  No  man  of 


FBI 


FEL 


the  age  has  been  more  commended  for  piety  and  benevo 
lence  : 

"  A  learned  and  good  man,  that  lived  long,  did  a  great  deal  of 
good  to  the  poor,  and  always  solicited  the  minds  of  his  adversaries 
to  benevolence." — CAMDEN  :  Annales  Reg.  Eliz.,  ad  ann.  1559. 

"In  wonderful  esteem  for  his  learning,  piety,  charity,  humility, 
and  other  virtues.  All  the  time  of  Queen  Mary's  reign  he  em 
ployed  himself  in  doing  good  offices  for  the  afflicted  Protestants, 
from  the  highest  to  the  lowest,  and  did  intercede  with  the  queen 
for  the  lady  Elizabeth,  for  which  he  gained  her  displeasure  for  a 
time."— WOOD:  Athen.  Oxon. 

"  A  man  cruel  to  none,  courteous  and  charitable  to  all  who  needed 
his  help  or  his  liberality  ."—FULLER:  Worthies  of  Westminster. 

"  A  charitable  and  generous  man,  that  lived  in  great  esteem  in 
England." — BISHOP  BURNET  :  Hist,  of  the  Reformation. 

"Though  I  cannot  go  so  far  as  Reyner,  [vide  Apost.  Benedictin. 
in  Anglia,]  to  call  him  a  martyr,  yet  I  can't  gather  but  that  he  was 
a  good,  mild,  modest,  charitable  man,  and  a  devout  Christian." — 
DART  :  Westmonasterium,  vol.  ii.,  in  the  Lives  of  the  Abbots.  Vide 
Biog.  Brit. 

Feild,  John.     Ephemeris,  Lon.,  1556,  '58,  4to. 

Feilde,  Rev.  Matthew,  d.  1796,  Preb.  of  St.  Paul's. 
Vertumnus  and  Pomona;  a  Pastoral,  1782.  The  songs 
only  were  printed. 

"  An  unsuccessful  piece." — Biog.  Dram. 

Feilding,  Viscount,  and  Capt.  Kennedy.  Tra 
vels  in  Algeria  in  1845,  Lon.,  2  vols. 

"  A  graphic  and  picturesque  account  of  their  adventures,  includ 
ing  those  among  the  wild  Arabs  and  Bedouins  of  the  desert." — 
Hood's  Magazine. 

Feist,  C.     Symbole  of  the  Apostles,  Lon.,  1581,  8vo. 

Feist,  Charles.  Poetical  Effusions,  and  other  works, 
Lon.,  1813,  Ac. 

Felgate,  Samuel.  The  Novelty  of  the  Modern  Ro- 
manish  Religion,  Lon.,  1682,  8vo. 

Felix  of  Croyland,  flourished  about  730,  compiled 
a  Life  of  St.  Guthlac.  See  Wright's  Biog.  Brit.  Lit.,  and 
authorities  there  cited. 

Felix,  N.  On  the  Bat;  a  Scientific  Inquiry  into  the 
Use  of  Cricket.  New  ed.,  Lon.,  1850,  4to.  The  reader 
must  also  procure — The  Cricket  Field;  The  Cricketer's 
Companion;  The  Cricketer's  Guide;  Hints  on  Cricket; 
and  The  Principles  of  Scientific  Batting. 

Fell,  Elizabeth.  Fables,  Odes,  and  Miscel.  Poems, 
Lon.,  1771,  8vo.  Poem  on  the  Times,  1774,  4to.  Poems, 
1777,  4to. 

Fell,  John,  D.D.,  1625-1686,  a  son  of  Samuel  Fell, 
D.D.,  was  a  native  of  Longworth,  Berkshire,  entered  of 
Christ  Church,  Oxford,  1636 ;  at  the  Restoration  made  Pre 
bendary  of  Chichester,  and  Dean  of  Christ  Church;  Vice- 
Chancellor  of  the  University,  1666-1669;  Bishop  of  Ox 
ford,  1676. 

"  He  was  the  most  zealous  man  of  his  time  for  the  Church  of 
England,  and  none,  that  I  yet  know  of,  did  go  beyond  him  in  the 
performance  of  the  rules  belonging  thereunto.  .  .  .  His  charity 
was  so  great  that  he  was  a  husband  to  the  afflicted  widow,  a  father 
to  the  orphan,  and  a  tender  parent  to  poor  children." — Athen.  Oxon., 
•where,  and  in  Biog.  Brit.,  see  an  account  of  his  life  and  works. 

Among  his  works  are,  1.  The  Life  of  Dr.  Henry  Ham 
mond,  Lon.,  1660,  '61,  '62.  Reprinted  afterwards  at  the 
head  of  Hammond's  Works ;  also  in  Wordsworth's  Eccles. 
Biog.  This  excellent  biography  deserves  attentive  perusal. 
2.  Nemesii,  Philos.  et  Episc.  Emisseni,  de  Natura  Hominis 
Liber,  Gr.  et  Lat.  Notis  illustratus,  [Jo.  Fell,  Episc.  Oxon.,] 
Oxon.,  1671,  8vo. 

An  eminent  authority  thus  speaks  of  this  treatise  of 
Nemesius : 

"  Far  from  being  either  elegant  or  forcible,  there  is  no  new  infor 
mation  given,  nor  is  the  old  placed  in  a  new  light ;  the  opinions  of 
the  ancient  philosophers  are  opposed,  and  little  that  is  better  given 
in  their  place:  in  physics,  Nemesius  appears  not  to  have  known 
much,  and  in  Metaphysics,  to  have  been  confused  in  what  he  did 

know ." — CLARKE. 

3.  Grammatica  Rationis,  sive  Institutionis  Logicae,  1673, 

8vo.     4.  The  Vanity  of  Scoffing,  1674,  8vo.     5.  Novi  Tes- 

tamenti  Libri  Omnes  Graece,  1675,  8vo;  Leipsic,  1697; 

1702,  fol.     By  Dr.  John  Gregory,  Oxf.,  1703,  fol. 
"The  text  is  formed  according  to  that  of  Robert  Stephens  and 

the  Elzevirs ;  though  Wetstein  has  accused  it  of  reclaiming  errors 

of  the  former,  as  well  as  of  some  of  Walton's  Poly  glott."— Home's 

Bibl.  Bib.,  q.  v. 

"  An  excellent  edition,  and  an  indispensable  work  to  every  man 

engaged  in  sacred  criticism." — BISHOP  NORTH. 

6.  A  Paraphrase  and  Annotations  upon  all  St.  Paul's 

Epistles,  done  by  several  eminent  men  at  Oxford,  corrected 

and  improved  by  Bishop  Fell,  Lon.,  1702,  8vo.     New  ed., 

Oxf.,  1852,  8vo. 
«  Fell  on  the  Epistles  is  very  short;  but  most  of  his  notes  are 

worthy  of  remark.  The  collection  of  parallel  scriptures  is  judicious, 

and  the  translation  in  some  places  altered  for  the  better."— DR. 

DODDRIDGE. 

"  This  work  does  not  appear  to  me  to  be  of  much  value."—  Orme'i 

Bibl.  Bib. 

The  bishop  edited  the  works  of  St.  Cyprian,  1 682,  pub. 

several  works  said  to  be  by  the  author  of  The  Whole  Duty 


of  Man,  and  had  Anthony  Wood's  History  and  Antiquities 
of  the  University  of  Oxford  trans,  into  Latin,  Oxf.,  1674, 
2  vols.  fol.  Wood  complains  of  this  trans.  See  Athen. 
Oxon. 

Fell,  John,  1735-1797,  a  dissenting  minister,  classical 
tutor  at  the  academy  at  Homerton,  pub.  several  theolog. 
and  other  works,  the  principal  of  which  are.  1.  Genuine 
Protestantism,  1773,  8vo.  2.  Demoniacs,  1779,  8vo. 

"In  which  the  hypothesis  of  the  Rev.  &r.  Farmer  and  others  on 
the  subject  are  considered." 
See  FARMER,  HUGH. 

3.  English  Grammar,  1784, 12mo.  4.  Idolatry  of  Greece 
and  Rome,  in  a  Letter  to  the  Rev.  Hugh  Farmer,  1785,  8vo. 
"In  these  works,  Mr.  Fell  defends  the  opposite  system  to  that  of 
Farmer,  which  is  generally  received.  Farmer's  views  of  demono- 
logy  had  been  previously  brought  forward  by  Joseph  Mede,  Lard- 
ner,  Dr.  Mead,  and  Sykes.  Fell's  reply,  both  on  this  subject  and 
on  that  of  the  ancient  idolatry,  is  able,  and  acknowledged  by  Dr. 
Kippis,  who  was  friendly  to  the  sentiments  of  Farmer,  to  contain 
many  things  which  would  have  been  deserving  of  consideration 
and  reply ;  but  the  temper  in  which  he  has  written  has  been  justly 
censured." — Orme's  Bibl.  Bib. 

5.  Lectures  on  the  Evidences  of  Chris'y,  4  by  J.  F.,  and 
8  by  Henry  Hunter,  1798,  8vo. 

See  Prot.  Dissenter's  Mag.,  vols.  iv.,  v.,  and  vi. 
Fell,  J.  Weldon,  M.D.,  a  native  of  the  U.S.,  removed 
to  London,  where  he  was  allowed  to  treat  the  patients  of 
Middlesex  Hospital  for  cancerous  diseases  upon  a  new  plan. 
In  1857  he  pub.  A  Treatise  on  Cancer  and  its  Treatment, 
Lon.,  8vo.  See  Report  of  the  Surgical  Staff  of  the 
Middlesex  Hospital,  1857,  8vo. 

Fell,  Hunter  Francis,  Rector  of  Oulton,  Suffolk. 
Serms.,  Lon.,  1834,  12mo. 

Fell,  Margaret.  For  Manasseth  Ben-Israel.  The 
Call  of  the  Jews  out  of  Babylon,  Lon.,  1656,  4to. 

Fell,  Rev.  R.  C.  Passages  from  the  Private  and  Official 
Life  of  the  late  Alderman  Kelly,  Lon.,  1856,  '57,  fp.  8vo. 

Fell,  Ralph,  a  native  of  Yorkshire,  d.  1814.  A  Tour 
through  the  Batavian  Republic  in  1800,  Lon.,  1801,  '05,  8vo. 
"This  work  gives  an  interesting  picture  of  Holland  and  the 
Dutch  at  this  period,  besides  historical  and  political  details  and 
observations  on  its  connexion  with  France."— Stevenson's  Voyages 
and  Travels. 

Memoirs  of  Charles  James  Fox,  1808,  4to.  He  edited  an 
ed.  of  Hudibras,  with  Notes  from  Gray,  Ac.,  2  vols.  18mo. 
Fell,  Samuel,  D.D.,  1594-1649,  a  native  of  London, 
educated  at  Christ  Church,  Oxf.,  Canon  of  Christ  Church, 
1619 ;  Margaret  Prof,  of  Divinity,  1626 ;  Dean  of  Lich- 
field,  1637;  Dean  of  Christ  Church,  1638;  Vice-Chancel- 
lor,  1645  and  1647.  1.  Primitise;  sive  Oratio  habita  Ox- 
oniae  in  Scholia  Theologiae,  9th  Nov.,  1626.  2.  Concio 
Latina  ad  Baccalaureos  die  cinerum  in  Colos.  ii.  8,  Oxf., 
1627.  He  was  the  father  of  DR.  JOHN  FELL,  Bishop  of 
Oxford,  v.  ante.  See  Athen.  Oxon. ;  Lloyd's  Memoirs. 

Fell,  Stephen,  Surgeon,  Ulverstone.  Profess.  Con. 
to  Ess.  Phys.  and  Lit.,  1765. 

Fell,  Walter  William.  1.  Principal  Events  in 
Eng.  Hist.,  1811,  12mo.  2.  Lancaster's  System  of  Educa 
tion,  1812.  Law  of  Mercantile  Guarantee,  1812,  8vo.,  2d 
ed.,  1820 ;  1st  Amer.  ed.,  by  Charles  Walker,  N.  York, 
1825,  8vo. 

Fellowe,  Henry.  Laws  of  Copyholds,  Lon.,  1799, 8vo. 
Fellowes,  Sir  James.    Reports  of  the  Pestilential 
Disorder  of  Andalusia  at  Cadiz,  1800,  '04,  '10,  '13,  Lon., 
1815,  8vo. 

"  A  work  of  great  interest  and  importance,  as  it  respects  the  dis 
cussion  of  a  curious  question  of  medical  theory  that  has  been  the 
subject  of  very  warm  controversy." — Lon.  Monthly  Review,  1816,  q.  v. 
Fellowes,  Rev.  Robert,  of  St.  Mary's  Hall,  Oxf., 
Editor  of  the  London  Critical  Review.  1.  Christian  Phi 
losophy,  1798,  2d  ed.,  1799,  8vo.  2.  Supplet.  to  do.  3. 
Religion  without  Cant,  1801,  8vo.  4.  Guide  to  Immor 
tality,  1804,  3  vols.  8vo.  5.  Poems,  1806,  12mo.  6.  Manual 
of  Piety,  1807,  8vo.  Other  publications;  the  principal  of 
which  is,  7.  A  Body  of  Theology,  1807,  2  vols.  8vo. 

"  From  the  commencement  to  the  conclusion,  a  current  of  the 
purest  ethics  flows  with  such  beauty  and  spirit,  that  he  who  sur 
veys  it  can  possess  neither  taste  nor  virtue  if  he  does  not  resolve 
on  taking  a  copious  draught  of  its  waters."— Lon.  Monthly  Review. 
See  Brit.  Critic.     Dr.  Parr  (see  Spital  Sermon)  speaks  in 
i  high  terms  of  the  merits  of  Fellowe  s's  works. 

Fellowes,  Wm.  D.     1.  Loss  of  the  Lady  Hobart, 
Lon.,  1803,  8vo.     2.  Paris  in  July,  1815 ;  in  a  Series  of 
|  Letters,  1815,  8vo.     3.  Hist  Sketches  of  Charles  I.,  Crom 
well,  Charles  II.,  and  the  Principal  Personages  of   that 
i  Period,  Paris,  1828,  4to;  now  very  scarce.     A  few  copies 
I  only  were  struck  off  for  the  author  at  Paris.     An  historical 
1  account  will  be  found  in  this  work  of  the  sums  exacted  by 
l  the  Commonwealth  from  the  Royalists,  the  names  of  those 
1  who  compounded  their  estates,  Ac.     4.  Visit  to  the  Monas- 
.  tery  of  La  Trappe,  r.  8vo. 


FEL 


FEL 


Fellows,  Sir  Charles,  an  enterprising  traveller,  b. 
1799,  at  Nottingham,  England,  knighted  1845.  1.  A 
Journal  written  during  an  Excursion  in  Asia  Minor  in 
1838,  Lon.,  1839,  imp.  Svo;  new  ed.,  including  No.  2, 
under  the  title  of  Travels  and  Researches  in  Asia  Minor, 
particularly  in  the  Province  of  Lycia,  1852,  p.  8vo. 

"  Since  my  return  to  England  I  have  learned  at  the  Geographical 
Society  that '  part  of  my  route,  which  lay  through  the  southern 
part  of  Asia  Minor  and  led  me  to  the  remains  of  several  important 
ancient  cities,  had  not  before  been  traversed  by  any  European.'  It 
is  on  this  account  alone  that  I  am  induced  to  lay  my  Journal  before 
the  public." — Preface. 

2.  More  Recent  Discoveries  in  Ancient  Lycia;  being  a 
Journal  kept  during  a  Second  Excursion  in  Asia  Minor, 
1841,  imp.  8vo.     See  No.  1. 

"  You  cannot  imagine  the  pleasurable  excitement  of  discovering 
in  these  cities  the  works  of  art  and  objects  of  the  highest  interest 
to  the  archaeologist.  The  age  is  probably  earlier  than  the  fourth 
century  before  the  Christian  era,  and  the  works  are  illustrations  of 
Homer  and  Herodotus." — Letter  from  the  Author  to  the  Lon.  Athen. 

"  Our  author  has  discovered  eleven  ancient  Lycian  cities,  and 
has  allowed  the  learned  world  to  perceive  that  Lycia  has  a  mine  of 
antiquarian  treasures  of  which  he  has  only  scraped  the  surface." — 
Lon.  Athen. 

3.  Account  of  the  Xanthian  Marbles  in  the  Brit.  Museum, 
their  Acquisition  and  Transmission  to  England,  1843,  r. 
8vo.     4.  Account  of  the  Trophy  Monument  at  Xanthus, 
1848,  r.  8vo.     5.  Coins  of  Ancient  Lycia,  1855,  8vo.     See 
Eng.  Cyc.,  Biog.,  vol.  ii.,  1856,  885. 

Fellows,  John,  a  Methodist,  pub.  several  poems, 
hymns,  &c.  The  Holy  Bible  in  Verse,  1778,  4  vols.  12mo. 

Fellows,  Robert.  The  Rights  of  Property  vindi 
cated  against  Universal  Suffrage,  Lon.,  1818,  12mo. 

Fc  lit  ha  111,  or  Feltham,  Owen,  d.  about  1678?  a 
native  of  Suffolk,  author  of  a  work  of  great  ability,  lived 
for  some  years  in  the  family  of  the  Earl  of  Thomond. 
With  the  exception  of  this  fact,  but  little  is  known  of  him. 
Resolves,  divine,  moral,  and  political,  in  two  centuries, 
1st  ed.,  12mo,  date  uncertain.  2d  and  3d,  1628,  4to; 
4th,  1631,  4to;  5th,  1634,  4to;  6th,  1636,  4toj  7th,  1647, 
4to;  8th,  1661,  fol.;  9th,  1670,  fol. ;  10th,  1677,  fol.j  llth, 
1696,  fol.;  12th,  1709,  8vo;  13th,  by  Mr.  Cumming,  1806, 
Svo;  14th,  also  by  Mr.  0.,  1820,  8vo.  New  ed.,  1839,  fp. 
8vo.  Century  I.,  1840,  cr.  4to.  The  Beauties  of  Qwen 
Feltham,  selected  from  his  Resolves,  by  J.  A.,  was  pub. 
in  1818,  12mo.  For  an  account  of  this  excellent  work, 
and  some  other  compositions  of  Feltham,  included  in  some 
of  the  edits,  of  the  Resolves,  we  must  refer  the  reader  to 
Mr.  Cumming's  edit.,  and  to  the  Lon.  Retrosp.  Review, 
x.  343-365,  1824. 

"We  lay  aside  the  Resolves,  as  we  part  from  our  dearest  friends, 
in  the  hope  of  frequently  returning  to  them,  We  recommend  the 
whole  of  them  to  our  readers'  perusal.  They  will  find  therein 
more  solid  maxims,  as  much  piety,  and  far  better  writing,  than 
in  most  of  the  pulpit  lectures  now  current  among  us."—  Ubi  supra. 

"When  FELTHAM  lived,  casuistry  was  a  favourite  study.  This 
volume  is  a  cabinet  of  the  fashion  of  the  day ;  full  of  gorgeous 
ornaments  of  mother-of-pearl  and  shells,  and  curiously  carved, 
traced,  and  hinged." — Archdeacon  Wrangham. 

"  Of  this  book,  the  first  part  of  which  was  published  in  1627,  the 
second  not  until  after  the  middle  of  the  century,  it  is  not  uncom 
mon  to  meet  with  high  praises  in  those  modern  writers,  who  pro 
fess  a  faithful  allegiance  to  our  older  literature.  For  myself,  I  can 
only  say  that  Feltham  appears  not  only  a  laboured  and  artificial, 
but  a  shallow,  writer.  Among  his  many  faults,  none  strike  me 
more  than  a  want  of  depth,  which  his  pointed  and  sententious 
manner  renders  more  ridiculous.  ...  He  is  one  of  our  worst  wri 
ters  in  point  of  style ;  with  little  vigour,  he  has  less  elegance." — 
Hallam's  Introduc.  to  Lit.  Hist.  q.  v. 

We  quote  one  observation  of  Feltham's,  pertinent  to  the 
object  of  this  Dictionary. 

"It  was  an  observation  of  the  excellent  Plutarch,  that  we  ought 
to  regard  books  as  we  do  sweetmeats:  not  chiefly  to  aim  at  the 
pleasantest,  but  chiefly  to  respect  the  wholesomest;  not  forbidding 
either,  but  approving  the  latter  most. 

Feltham  says  truly  enough,  in  another  place, 

"  Learning  fells  far  short  of  wisdom,  nay,  so  far.  that  you  can 
scarcely  find  a  greater  fool  than  is  sometimes  a  mere  scholar." 

Felt,  Rev.  Joseph  B.,  b.  1789,  at  Salem,  Massa 
chusetts,  grad.  Dartmouth  Coll.,  1813.  1.  Annals  of  Salem, 
Salem,  1827,  Svo ;  1845,  2  vols.  12mo. 

"  An  accurate  and  useful  work,  the  fruit  of  much  original  re 
search."— BANCROFT. 

2.  HistoricalAccount  of  MassachusettsCurrency,1839,8vo. 

"Full  of  instruction  from  beginning  to  end.  not  only  as  throw 
ing  great  light  upon  the  history  of  the  country,  and  the  working 
of  its  institutions,  but  also  giving  practical  lessons,  applicable  to 
the  present  state  of  things." — North  Amer.  Seview,  1.  266. 

3.  History   of  Ipswich,    Essex,   and   Hamilton,    1833. 
4.  Collections  for  the  American  Statistical  Association  on 
Towns,  Population,  and  Taxation,  1847,  pp.  596.     5.  Me 
moir  of  Roger  Conant,  1848.     Mr.  Felt  has  favoured  us 
with   some   other   statistical   and   topographical   labours. 
See  Rich's  Bibl.  Amer.  Nova;   Ludewig's  Lit.  of  Amer. 
Local  Hist. 


I  The  erudition  of  Mr.  Felt,  as  an  antiquary,  has  been 
acknowledged  by  one  of  our  highest  authorities  : 

"  Rev.  Joseph  B.  Felt,  whose  profound  acquaintance  with  the 
antiquities  of  Massachusetts  is  known  to  the  public." HON.  ED 
WARD  EVERETT  :  Note  to  his  Address  on  the  Battle  of  Bloody  Brook, 
delivered  Sept.  30, 1835 :  Orations  and  Speeches,  vol.  i.,  3ded.,  1853. 

Feltham,  John.  1.  Tour  through  the  Isle  of  Man 
in  1797-98,  Lon.,  1798,  Svo.  2.  The  English  Enchiridion: 
Apothegms,  Moral  Maxims,  <tc.,  Bath,  1799,  cr.  8vo.  3. 
Structure  and  Economy  of  the  Human  Body,  1803,  Svo. 

Felton,  Cornelias  Conway,  since  1834  Eliot  Prof, 
of  Greek  Literature  in  Harvard  University,  b.  1807,  at  West 
Newbury,  Mass.,  has  edited  several  of  the  classics,  pub.  a 
number  of  valuable  works,  and  contributed  many  papers 
to  the  North  American  Review  and  other  periodicals. 

I.  Iliad  of  Homer,  with  Flaxman's  Illust.  and  Eng.  Notes, 
1833,  Svo ;  many  eds.    2.  Menzel's  Hist,  of  German  Litera 
ture,  trans.  1840, 3  vols.  12mo.  3.  Greek  Reader,  1840, 12mo; 
many  eds.    4.  The  Clouds  of  Aristophanes,  1841;  repub.  in 
England;  3d  ed.     5.  The  Panegyricus  of  Isocrates,  1847; 
2d  ed.,  1854.    6.  The  Agamemnon  of  ^Eschylus,  1847, 12mo. 
This  was  reviewed  by  C.  A.  Bristed  in  the  Knickerbocker, 
xxx.  246,  by  Tayler  Lewis,  xxix.  543.     Mr.  Francis  Bowen 
answered  this  article  in  N.  Amer.  Rev.,  Ixv.  239.     Other 
papers  upon  the  same  subject  will  be  found  in  the  Knick 
erbocker,  xxx.  246;  Knickerbocker,  xxx.  260,  325.  374,  by 
C.  A.  Bristed;  Amer.  Lit.  Mag.,  i.  37,  124;  Chris!  Exam., 
xliii.  140.     7.  Metres  of  the  Greeks  and  Romans,  12mo. 
8.  The  Birds  of  Aristophanes,  with  Eng.  Introd.  and  Notes  ; 
repub.  in  England.     9.  The  Earth  and  Man :  Lectures  on 
Comparative  Physical  Geography,  in  relation  to  the  His 
tory  of  Mankind,  by  Prof.  Arnold  Guyot;  trans,  by  C.  C. 
Felton,  Boston,  1849,  12mo.     Several  eds.  of  it  have  been 
pub.  in  England ;  it  has  been  trans,  into  German  and  cir 
culated  on  the  Continent.    Several  discourses  on  education 
and  kindred  subjects. 

"It  will  not  only  render  the  study  of  Geography  more  attract 
ive,  but  actually  show  it  in  its  true  light :  namely,  as  the  science 
of  the  relations  which  exist  between  nature  and  man  throughout 
history ;  of  the  contrasts  observed  between  the  different  parts  of 
the  globe;  of  the  laws  of  horizontal  and  vertical  forms  of  the  dry 
land,  in  its  contact  with  the  sea;  of  climate,  Ac." — Prof.  Louis 
AGASSIZ. 

"The  work  is  one  of  high  merit,  exhibiting  a  wide  range  of 
knowledge,  great  research,  and  a  philosophical  spirit  of  investi 
gation.  Its  perusal  will  well  repay  the  most  learned  in  such  sub 
jects,  and  give  new  views  to  all  of  man's  relation  to  the  globe  he 
inhabits." — Silliman's  Journal. 

Also  highly  commended  by  Mr.  George  S.  Hillard,  and 
in  the  N.  Amer.  Review,  and  in  the  Christian  Examiner. 
The  value  of  Prof.  Guyot's  Mural  Map  is  well  known  to 
teachers  and  pupils.  10.  Memorial  of  Prof.  Popkin,  1852. 

II.  Selections  from  the  Greek  Historians.    12.  Smith's  Hist. 
of  Greece,  with  a  continuation,  1855.     12.  Lord  Carlisle's 
Diary  in  Turkish  and  Greek  Waters,  with  Notes  and  Illus 
trations,  1855,   Svo.      Articles   on   Agassiz,  Athens,  and 
Attica,  in  New  Amer.  Cyc.     Professor  Felton  is  also  one  of 
the  authors  (in  conjunction  with  Profs.  Sears  and  Edwards) 
of  Miscellaneous  Essays  on  subjects  connected  with  Classical 
Literature,  pub.  by  Gould  &  Lincoln  of  Boston,  under  the 
title  of  Ancient  Literature  and  Art.     Such  contributions  to 
the  intellectual  wealth  of  the  country  are  indeed  invaluable. 
To  Prof.  F.  we  are  also  indebted  for  the  Life  of  Wm.  Eaton 
in  Sparks's  Amer.  Biog.,  1st  Series,  ix.  163,  and  several 
other  literary  labours. 

Felton,  Daniel.  The  Examination  and  Confession 
of  Capt.  Lilburne  and  Capt.  Viviers,  Lon.,  1642. 

Felton,  Edmond.  Engines  invented  to  save  much 
Blood  and  Moneys,  (in  these  Times  of  Warre,)  and  to  do 
good  Service,  Lon.,  1644,  4to. 

Felton,  George.     Serm.,  1715,  Svo. 

Felton,  Henry,  Rector  of  Malford.    Serm.,  16S9. 

Felton,  Henry,  D.D.,  1679-1740,  a  native  of  London, 
educated  at  Westminster  School,  the  Charter  House,  and 
Edmund  Hall,  Oxf.;  Rector  of  Whitewell,  Derbyshire,  1711; 
Principal  of  Edmund  Hall,  1722.  1.  Colebrook  Letter, 
1706.  2.  Serm.,  1711,  Svo.  3.  Dissert,  on  reading  the 
Classics,  and  forming  a  just  style,  1711 ;  4th  and  best  ed., 
1757.  A  highly-esteemed  work.  4.  Serms.  and  theolog. 
treatises,  1725-48.  5.  Serms.,  pub.  by  his  son,  Rev.  Wm. 
Felton,  with  Life,  1748. 

Felton,  John  H.    The  Decimal  System,  Bost.,  1859. 

Felton,  Nicholas,  d.  1626,  Master  of  Pembroke  Hall, 
Cambridge,  1616 ;  Bishop  of  Bristol,  1617 ;  of  Coventry 
and  Lichfield,  1618;  of  Ely,  1619.  He  was  one  of  the 
translators  of  the  Bible  temp.  James  I. 

Felton,  S.  1.  Gleanings  on  Gardens,  Lon.  2.  On  the 
Portraits  of  English  Authors  on  Gardening,  with  Biog. 
Notices ;  2d  ed.,  with  addits.,  1830,  Svo. 


FEL 


FEN 


Felton,  Wm.  Letter  to  Rev.  Mr.  Romaine  on  his  Dis 
course  on  the  Law  and  the  Gospel,  1761,  8vo.  Serm.,  1773. 

Felton,  Wm.,  a  London  coach-maker.  Carriages 
and  Harness,  1794,  '95 ;  Supp.,  1796,  3  vols.  8vo. 

Feltwell,  R.     Serm.,  Lon.,  1660,  4to. 

Fen,  James.     Serm.,  1686,  4to. 

Fen.     See  FENN. 

Fenby,  Thomas.  English  Synonymes;  a  Copious 
Dictionary  of  Synonymes,  Classified  and  Explained;  with 
an  Outline  of  English  Grammar,  a  Selection  of  Latin  and 
French  Quotations,  with  corresponding  English  Transla 
tions,  <fcc.,  Liverp.,  1853,  12mo. 

Fencer,  James.  The  Cow  Ragious  Castle-Combat, 
Lon.,  1635,  '45,  4to.  A  poetical  tract. 

Fenn,  !Lady,  puh.,  under  the  assumed  name  of  Mrs. 
Lovechild,  a  number  of  useful  educational  works,  of  which 
the  sale  has  been  very  large.  1.  The  Child's  Grammar; 
44th  ed.,  Lon.,  1851,  18mo.  2.  The  Mother's  Grammar; 
22d  ed.,  1849, 18mo.  3.  Parsing  Lessons  for  Elder  Pupils. 
4.  For  Children ;  new  ed.,  1849,  18mo.  5.  Grammatical 
Amusements ;  in  a  box.  6.  Sunday  Miscellany.  7.  Short 
Sermons  for  Young  Persons.  Under  the  name  of  S.  Love- 
child,  was  pub.,  in  1852,  Lon.,  12mo,  Sketches  of  Little 
Boys  and  Girls. 

Fenn,  Fen,  or  Fenne,  John,  d.  1615,  a  R.  Catholic 
divine,  a  native  of  Montacute,  Somersetshire,  Fellow  of 
New  Coll.,  Oxf.,  1552,  became  confessor  to  the  English 
nuns  at  Louvain.  Life  of  St.  Catherine  of  Sienna,  from 
the  Italian,  1609,  8vo.  He  also  wrote  Vitae  quorundam 
Martyrum  in  Anglia,  and  other  pieces,  and  made  trans, 
of  Bishop  Fisher's  and  other  works.  See  Athen.  Oxon. ; 
Wood's  Annals ;  Dodd's  Ch.  Hist. ;  Fuller's  Worthies. 

Fenn,  Sir  John,  1739-1794,  an  antiquary,  a  native 
of  Norwich,  made  a  large  collection  of  original  letters, 
written  during  the  reigns  of  Henry  VI.,  Edward  IV., 
Richard  III.,  and  Henry  VII.,  by  members  of  the  Paston 
Family,  and  others,  who  were  personally  conversant  with 
the  events  of  their  times.  Two  vols.  were  pub.  in  1787, 4to, 
and  2  more  in  1789,  4to;  vol.  v.,  1823,  4to.  There  are  a 
few  copies  of  the  first  four  vols.  on  large  paper,  which  bring 
a  high  price.  Indeed,  a  set  of  the  ordinary  size,  first  edit., 
was  formerly  worth  about  ten  guineas.  Of  the  first  two 
vols.  there  were  two  edits.,  of  which  the  second  is  to  be 
preferred,  having  addits.  and  corrections  by  the  editor  and 
George  Steevens.  New  ed.,  2  vols.  in  1,  sq.  12mo,  1840. 
Also  in  Knight's  Miscellanies,  1840,  '41,  2  vols.  sq.,  and 
in  Bonn's  Antiquarian  Library,  1849,  2  vols.  in  1,  12mo. 
In  the  new  edits,  the  duplicate  version  of  the  letters,  in 
old  English,  is  omitted. 

"  The  Paston  Letters  are  an  important  testimony  to  the  progres 
sive  condition  of  society,  and  come  in  as  a  precious  link  in  the 
chain  of  the  moral  history  of  England,  which  they  alone  in  this 
period  supply.  .  .  .  Pictures  of  the  life  of  the  English  gentry  in 
that  age."— HaUam's  Introduct.  to  Lit.  of  Europe. 

"  The  letters  of  Henry  the  Sixth's  reign  are  come  out,  and  to 
me  make  all  other  letters  not  worth  reading.  I've  gone  through 
above  one  volume,  and  cannot  bear  to  be  writing  when  I  am  so 
eager  to  be  reading."— HOEACE  WALPOLE  :  Letters  to  Lady  Ossory. 

"Friday,  Feb.  9, 1787. 

«I  am  now  reading  the  Paston  Family  Original  Letters,  written 
in  the  wars  of  York  and  Lancaster,  and  am  greatly  entertained 
with  them.  Their  antique  air,  their  unstudied  communication  of 
the  modes  of  those  old  times,  with  their  undoubted  authenticity, 
render  them  highly  interesting,  curious,  and  informing.  The 
Queen  told  me  she  had  been  much  struck  with  the  Duke  of  Suf 
folk's  letter  to  his  son.  It  is  indeed  both  interesting  and  instruct 
ive."—  Madame  D'ArUay's  Diary. 

Sir  John  also  pub.  Three  Chronological  Tables  of  the 
members  of  the  Society  of  Antiquaries,  1784,  4to. 

Fenn,  Joseph.    Serms.,  Lon.,  1830,  8vo. 

Fenn,  Richard.  Panegyricon  Inaugurate  Prsetoris 
Regii,  Ac.,  1637,  4to. 

Fenn,  Warwell.  Serms..  Colch.,  1830,  '36, 2  vols.  8vo. 

Fenne,  Thomas.  Fenne's  Fruits,  Lon.,  1590,  4to. 
This  work  treats  of  Fame,  War,  the  Trojans,  Ac. 

Fennel,  James,  1766-1816,  a  native  of  London,  an 
actor,  emigrated  to  Philadelphia,  where  he  died.  1.  State 
ment  of  Facts  rel.  to  a  disturb,  at  the  Edin.  Theatre,  1788, 
8vo.  2.  Lmdor  and  Clara;  a  Comedy,  1791,  8vo.  3.  Pro 
ceedings  at  Paris,  1792,  8vo.  4.  Apology  for  his  Life, 
1814,  2  vols.  See  Biog.  Dramat. 

Fenner,  Dudley,  d.  1587,  aged  about  30,  a  Puritan 
divine,  pub.  several  theolog.  treatises,  1583-94,  and  the 
Artes  of  Logike  and  Rhetorike,  1584,  4to.  See  Bibl.  Brit. 

Fenner,  Lud.  John.     Serm.,  1777,  8vo. 

Fenner,  Wm.,  b.  1600,  d.  about  1640,  a  Puritan  di 
vine,  educated  at  Pembroke  Hall,  Carnb.,  became  a  preacher 
at  Sedgeley,  Staffordshire;  Rector  of  Rochford,  Essex, 
1629.  Works,  consisting  of  Serms.  and  Discourses,  Lon., 
1657.  fol. 

586 


"  His  works  discover  much  acquaintance  with  religion  in  all  its 
parts ;  his  manner  plain,  zealous,  and  alarming." —  Williams 's  C.  P. 

Fenning,  Daniel.  Works  on  mathematics,  geo 
graphy,  philology,  and  commerce,  Lon.,  1750-72.  See 
Bibl.  Brit. 

Fennor,  Wm.  1.  Fennor's  Defence,  Lon.,  1615,  8vo. 
2.  Speeches  before  the  King  and  Queen,  <fcc.,  1616,  4to. 
Bibl.  Anglo-Poet,  916,  £5  5«.  Reprinted  in  Nichols's 
Progresses  of  K.  James  I.  3.  The  Compter's  Common 
wealth,  1617,  4to.  This  describes  the  troubles  of  an  un 
fortunate  debtor  in  the  hands  of  Serjeants  and  jailers. 
4.  Lawes,  Justice,  and  Equity  of  a  Compter,  1629,  4to. 

Fenton,  Edward,  d.  1603,  a  navigator,  a  native  of 
Nottinghamshire,  and  a  brother  of  Sir  Geoffrey  Fenton. 
Certaine  Secretes  and  Wonders  of  Nature,  Lon.,  1569,  4to. 
Voyage  to  Magellan  in  1582,  written  by  his  Vice-Admiral, 
Luke  Ward.  See  Callander's  Voyages,  i.,  p.  373,  1766. 

Fenton,  Elijah,  1683-1730,  a  native  of  Shelton, 
Staffordshire,  educated  at  Jesus  Coll.,  Carnb.,  is  best  known 
as  the  assistant  of  Pope  in  the  trans,  of  the  Odyssey.  In 
this  capacity  he  has  already  come  under  our  notice.  See 
BROOME,  WILLIAM.  Although,  according  to  Johnson  and 
Warton,  Fenton  trans,  only  the  1st,  4th,  19th,  and  20th 
books,  yet  the  Earl  of  Orrery  asserts  that  he  really  trans, 
double  the  number  of  books  that  Pope  has  owned: — 

"  His  reward  was  a  trifle — an  arrant  trifle.  He  has  even  told  me 
that  he  thought  Pope  feared  him  more  than  he  loved  him.  He 
had  no  opinion  of  Pope's  heart,  and  declared  him,  in  the  words  of 
Bishop  Atterbury,  Mens  curva  in  corpore  curoo." — Earl  of  Orrery's 
Letter  to  Mr.  Duncombe. 

He  was  for  some  time  master  of  the  Free  Grammar 
School  at  Sevenoaks,  Kent,  and  subsequently  tutor  to 
Lord  Broghill,  son  of  his  friend,  the  Earl  of  Orrery. 
1.  Poems  on  several  occasions,  Lon.,  1717,  8vo.  2.  Mari 
anne;  a  Tragedy,  8vo. 

"  The  tenor  of  his  verse  is  so  uniform  that  it  cannot  be  thought 
casual;  and  yet,  upon  what  principle  he  so  constructed  it  as  it  is, 
is  difficult  to  discover."— Dr.  Johnson's  Life  of  Fenton. 

3.  Waller's  Poems,  with  Notes,  1729. 

"  Notes  often  useful,  often  entertaining,  but  too  much  extended 
by  long  quotations  from  Clarendon.  Illustrations  drawn  from  a 
book  so  easily  consulted  should  be  made  by  references  rather  than 
transcription." — DR.  JOHNSON  :  ubi  supra.  Life  of  Milton  prefixed 
to  thS  Poems  of  the  latter,  1723. 

"  He  undertook  to  revise  the  punctuation  of  Milton's  poems, 
which,  as  the  author  neither  wrote  the  original  copy  nor  corrected 
the  press,  was  supposed  to  be  capable  of  amendment.  To  this  edi 
tion  he  prefixed  a  short  and  elegant  account  of  Milton's  life,  written 
at  once  with  tenderness  and  integrity." — DR.  JOHNSON  :  ubi  supra. 

See  Johnson's  Lives  of  the  English  Poets;  Nichols's 
Poems;  Bowles's  ed.  of  Pope;  Ruffhead's  Pope;  Spence's 
Anecdotes. 

Fenton,  Sir  Geoffrey,  Geffrey,  or  Jeffrey,  d. 

1608,  a  brother  of  Edward  Fenton,  q.  v.,  was  a  sagacious 
statesman,  for  twenty-seven  years  "privy-councillor  in 
Ireland,"  and  a  great  favourite  with  Queen  Elizabeth. 
1.  Certain  Tragicall  Discourses,  Written  out  of  Frenche 
and  Latine,  Lon.,  1567,  '79,  4to. 

"  In  point  of  selection  of  size,  perhaps  the  most  capital  collection 
of  this  kind  is  Fenton's  book  of  tragical  novels." —  Warton' s  Hist, 
of  Eng.  Poetry. 
"  The  learned  stories  erste,  and  sugred  tayles  that  laye 

Remoude  from  simple  common  sence,  this  writer  doth  displaye." 
—GEORGE  TUBER VILLE:  Recommendatory  Poems,  prefixed  to  Certain 
Tragicatt  Discourses. 

Golden  Epistles,  from  Guevara  and  other  Authours,  La 
tin,  French,  and  Italian,  1575,  '77,  '82,  4to.  The  Epistles 
of  Guevara,  in  this  vol.,  are  not  contained  in  the  collection 
of  his  Epistles  pub.  by  Edward  Hellowes  in  1574.  Fenton 
pub.  several  other  translations  into  English,  the  best  known 
of  which  is  The  History  of  Guicciardin,  1579,  fol.;  2d  ed., 
1599,  fol. ;  3d  ed.,  1618,  fol. 

"  Fenton  is  a  good  old  translator." — Lon.  Quar.  Rev. 

"Even  Guicciardin's  siluer  Historic,  and Ariosto's golden  Cantos, 
growe  out  of  request,  and  the  Countess  of  Pembroke's  Arcadia  is 
not  greene  enough  for  queasie  stomaches,  but  they  must  baue 
Greene's  Arcadia." — Gabriel  Harvey's  Foure  Letters,  <&c.,  Lon.,  1592, 
4to,  lett.  iii.,  p.  29. 

"It  is  probably  to  this  book  that  Gabriel  Harvey,  Spenser's 
Hobbinol,  alludes."—  Warton' s  Hist,  of  Eng.  Poetry. 

Of  Guicciardini's  celebrated  history  we  shall  have  some 
what  to  say  when  we  come  to  notice  Goddard's  translation. 
See  GODDARD,  AUSTIN  PARKE. 

Fenton,  J.  King  James :  his  Welcome  to  London, 
Lon.,  1603,  4to.  Bibl.  Anglo-Poet,  931,  £3  3*.  North, 
Pt.  3,  792,  £2  9«. 

Fenton,  Richard,  a  Welsh  barrister,  d.  1821.  An 
Historical  Tour  through  Pembrokeshire,  a  map,  and  30  en 
gravings  by  Storer  and  Greig,  Lon.,  1811,  4to,  and  imp.  4to. 
In  this  valuable  work,  which  is  rich  in  the  history  and  an 
tiquities  of  Wales,  the  author  had  the  assistance  of  Sir 
Richard  Colt  Hoare.  Mr.  Fenton  also  wrote  A  Tour  in 


FEN 

Search  of  a  Genealogy,  Memoirs  of  an  Old  Wig,  and  left 
a  MS.  trans,  of  Athenaeus. 

Fenton,  Roger,  D.D.  1.  Answer  to  W.  Alabaster — 
his  Motives,  Lon.,  1599,  4to.  2.  Treatise  of  Usury,  1612, 
4to.  See  an  examination  of  this  in  Sir  Robert  Filmer's 
Qusestio  Quodlibetica,  1653,  '58,  8vo.  3.  5  Serms.,  1616. 
4.  Ch.  of  Rome,  1617,  4to. 

Fenton,  Thomas,  Rector  of  Nately-scures,  Hamp 
shire.  Annotations  on  the  Book  of  Job,  and  the  Psalms, 
collected  from  several  commentators,  and  methodized  and 
improved,  Lon.,  1732,  8vo. 

Fenwick,  Lt.  Col.     Address  to  Infantry,  1803,  4to. 

Fenwick,  Mrs.  E.  Secrecy;  a  Novel,  1799,  3  vols. 
12mo.  2.  Infantine  Stories,  1815,  12mo. 

"  One  of  the  most  interesting  books  that  can  possibly  be  put  into 
the  hands  of  a  child." 

Fenwick,  George,  a  Hutchinsonian  divine,  Rector 
of  Hallaton,  Leicestershire.  1.  Serms.,  <fcc.,  1737-58. 
2.  Thoughts  on  the  Hebrew  Titles  of  the  Psalms,  <fcc.,  Lon., 
1749,  8vo. 

"  A  curious  and  rather  interesting  production,  and  the  only  trea 
tise  on  the  subject,  I  suppose,  in  our  language.  .  .  .  The  object  is 
to  show  that  Christ  or  his  church  is  the  burden  of  all  the  Psalms; 
and  that  this  is  indicated  by  the  titles  of  many  of  them.  It  is 
often,  no  doubt,  both  fanciful  and  hypothetical,  and  largely  im 
bued  with  the  theology  of  his  master;  but  the  book  contains  both 
learning  and  piety,  and  will  reward  a  perusal." — Orme's  BM.  Bib. 

3.  The  Psalter  in  its  Original  Form,  1759,  8vo.     The 
design  here  is  the  same  as  in  the  former  work. 

"  Written  on  this  hypothesis.  Mr.  Fenwick  is  often  fanciful  in 
his  interpretations.  He  has,  however,  many  happy  renderings." — 
Home's  Bibl.  Bib. 

Fenwick,  John.  Mem.  of  Dumourier,  1794,  2  vols. 
8vo.  1.  The  Trial  of  J.  Coigley,  1798,  8vo.  2.  The  In 
dian;  a.Farce,  1800,  8vo.  3.  Grammars,  Ac.,  1811. 

Fenwick,  John  Ralph,  M.D.,  of  Durham.  1.  Cal 
careous  Manures;  Electric  Fluids  in  Vegetation,  1798,  8vo. 

"  The  author  trod  the  old  path,  and  did  not  find  a  new  road  to 
any  point." — Donaldsons  Agricult.  Biog. 

2.  Life  of  John  Clerk,  M.D.,  1806,  8vo.  3.  Oil  of  Tur 
pentine  in  Tsenia,  in  Med.  Chir.  Trans.,  1811. 

Fenwick,  R.  O.     The  Goblin  Groom,  Edin.,  1807, 4to. 

Fenwick,  Thomas.  1.  Practical  Mechanics,  Newc., 
1801,  8vo.  2.  Subterraneous  Surveying,  Ac.,  1804,  8vo. 

Fenwick,Wm.  Theolog.  treatises,  Lon.,  1642,  '43, 4to. 

Fenwick,  Wm.     Serm.,  1701,  8vo. 

Fenwicke,  Lt.  Col.  John.  Christ  ruling  in  the 
midst  of  his  Enemies,  Lon.,  1643,  4to. 

Ferebe,  George.  R.  Abraham!  Fil.  Rattani,  Praecep- 
ta  Judaicaaffirmativaacnegativa;  Lat.;  Camb.,  1597,  8vo. 

Fergus,  Henry.  Laws  and  Institutions  of  Moses, 
Dunif.  and  Lon.,  (1811,)  8vo.  This  is  detached  from  the 
author's  unpublished  Hist,  of  the  Hebrews. 

"  His  pamphlet  displays  in  a  concise  yet  luminous  manner  the 
several  topics  which  the  ecclesiastical  government  of  the  Hebrews 
includes." — Lon.  Month.  Rev. 

2.  Hist,  of  the  II.  States  of  America,  1492-1829,  Lon., 
1830-32,  2  vols.  12mo.  3.  The  Testimony  of  Nature  and 
Revelation  to  the  Being,  Perfection,  and  Govt.  of  God, 
Edin.,  1833,  p.  Svo. 

"  It  displays  infinitely  more  of  original  thought  and  patient  re 
search  than  the  volumes  published  by  the  Managers  of  his  Lord 
ship's  [the  Bridgewater]  Legacy." — Lon.  Athenceum. 

"  He  has  avowedly  availed  himself  at  times  of  Ray,  Derham,  and 
Paley ;  but  his  volume  has  many  sources  of  illustration  not  known 
to  those  writers."— Lon.  Month.  Rev. 

Also  commended  in  the  Cong.  Mag.,  Evang.  Mag./Dubl. 
Univ.  Mag.,  Ac. 

4.  Readings  in  Natural  Theology,  Oxf.,  1838,  fp.  Svo. 
Ferguson.     Serm.,  Lon.,  1615,  4to. 
Ferguson.     Encroachments  of  Chas.  II.,  1689. 
Ferguson.     View  of  an  Ecclesiastick,  1698,  4to. 
Ferguson  and  Vance.     Tenure  of  Land  in  Ireland, 

,1854,  Svo. 

"  A  very  full  and  detailed  statement  of  the  various  modes  of 
holding  land  in  Ireland,  the  cultivation  of  the  soil,  its  products, 
and  value." — Donaldson's  Agricult.  Biog. 

Ferguson,  Adam.     Serm.,  1745. 

Ferguson,  Adam,  LL.D.,  1724-1816,  a  son  of  the 
Rev.  Adam  Ferguson,  minister  of  Logie  Rait,  Perthshire, 
was  educated  at  the  University  of  St.  Andrew's,  where  he 
was  distinguished  for  his  acquirements.  In  1744  he  en 
tered  the  42d  regiment  as  chaplain,  and  occupied  this  post 
until  1757,  when  he  accepted  the  situation  of  tutor  in  the 
family  of  Lord  Bute.  In  1759  he  was  chosen  Professor  of 
Natural  Philosophy  in  the  University  of  Edinburgh,  and 
five  years  later,  in  1764,  obtained  the  professorship  of  Mo 
ral  Philosophy.  From  1773  to  1775  he  travelled  on  the 
Continent  with  the  Earl  of  Chesterfield.  In  1778  he  was 
appointed  secretary  to  the  commissioners  sent  to  America 
to  endeavour  to  effect  an  amicable  compromise  with  the 


FER 

congress  representing  the  different  States.  In  1785  he  re 
signed  the  professorship  of  Moral  Philosophy  in  favour  of 
Dugald  Stewart.  Late  in  life  he  paid  another  visit  to  the 
Continent,  and  on  his  return  retired  to  St.  Andrew's,  where 
he  lived  in  the  enjoyment  of  literary  society  until  1816, 
when  he  died,  in  the  93d  year  of  his  age.  1.  An  Essay  on 
the  Hist,  of  Civil  Society,  Edin.,  1767,  4to;  7th  ed.,  Lon., 
1814,  Svo. 

"There  are  uncommon  strains  of  eloquence  in  it;  and  I  was 
surprised  to  find  not  one  single  idiom  of  his  country  (I  think)  iu 
the  whole  work.  His  application  to  the  heart  is  frequent,  and 
often  successful.  His  love  of  Montesquieu  and  Tacitus  has  led 
him  into  a  manner  of  writing  too  short-winded  and  sententious, 
which  those  great  men,  had  they  lived  in  better  times,  and  under 
a  better  government,  would  have  avoided." — GRAY,  the  poet. 

2.  Institutes  of  Moral  Philosophy,  for  the  use  of  Stu 
dents,  Edin.,  1769,  '70,  12mo.     3.  A  Reply  to  Dr.  Price  on 
Civil  and  Religious  Liberty,  1776.    4.  The  Hist,  of  the 
Progress  and  Termination  of  the  Roman  Republic,  Lon., 
1783,  3  vols.  4to;  1805,  5  vols.  Svo.     The  value  of  this 
work  is  well  known. 

"  Authentic  and  dignified ;  and  the  latter  volumes,  on  the  strug 
gles  and  termination  of  the  Republic,  are  full  of  interesting  reflec 
tions."— CHANCELLOR  KENT. 

"I  comfort  myself,  that  as  my  trade  is  the  study  of  human  na 
ture,  I  could  not  fix  on  a  more  interesting  corner  of  it  than  the 
end  of  the  Roman  republic.  Whether  my  compilations  should 
ever  deserve  the  attention  of  any  one  besides  myself,  must  remain 
to  be  determined  after  they  are  further  advanced." — Letter  to  Ed 
ward  Gibbon,  18th  April,  1776,  before  the  completion  of  tiie  work  at 
published. 

Ferguson's  History  is  carried  down  to  the  end  of  the 
reign  of  Tiberius,  and  should  be  read  as  an  introduction 
to  Gibbon's  Decline  and  Fall.  Ferguson  was  also  the  au 
thor  of  several  minor  publications.  See  Chambers's  Lives 
of  Illust.  and  Dist.  Scotsmen;  Scots  Mag.;  Public  Cha 
racters,  1799, 1800 ;  Lockhart's  Life  of  Scott;  Encyc.  Brit. 

Ferguson,  Andrew.  The  Gardener's  Universal 
Guide,  Lon.,  1788,  Svo. 

Ferguson,  Andrew,  M.D.    Med.  Researches,  1801. 

Ferguson,  or  Fergusson,  David.  Collection  of 
Scottish  Proverbs.  Printed  about  1598.  Reprinted,  Edin., 
1785. 

Ferguson,  Elizabeth  Graeme,  1739-1801,  a  native 
of  Philadelphia,  was  a  daughter  of  Dr.  Thomas  Grseme,  an 
eminent  Scotch  physician,  settled  in  Philadelphia,  son-in- 
law  to  Sir  William  Keith,  Governor  of  Pennsylvania,  1717- 
1726.  She  married  Hugh  Henry  Ferguson,  a  Scotchman, 
from  whom  she  was  separated  in  1775,  in  consequence  of 
Mr.  Ferguson's  adherence  to  the  British  Government  on 
the  occurrence  of  the  American  Revolution.  She  trans. 
Fenelon's  Telemachus  into  English  heroic  verse;  this  has 
not  been  printed;  (the  MS.  is  in  the  Franklin  Library, 
Phila.;)  but  some  of  her  minor  poems,  letters,  &c.  have 
been  given  to  the  world.  For  an  interesting  account  of 
this  lady,  and  an  estimate  of  her  merits  as  an  author,  and 
some  specimens  of  her  composition,  see  Griswold's  Female 
Poets  of  America.  See  also  E.  A.  and  G.  L.  Duyckincks' 
Cyc.  of  Amer.  Lit.,  for  her  poetical  correspondence  with 
Rev.  Nathaniel  Evans,  which  is  not  without  merit. 

Ferguson,  H.    Serm.,  1743,  8vo. 

Ferguson,  or  Fergusson,  James,  Minister  at  Kil- 
winning,  Scotland.  1.  Expos,  of  the  1st  and  2d  Epist.  to 
the  Philippians  and  Colossians,  Lon.,  1656,  Svo.  2.  Expos, 
of  the  1st  and  2d  Epist.  to  the  Galatians  and  Ephesians, 
1659,  12mo. 

"  They  abound  with  pertinent  observations  deduced  from  the 
text  considered  in  its  proper  connexion,  and  in  a  method  almost 
peculiar  to  the  Scottish  divines  of  the  last  century."— Dr.  Wil 
liams?  s  a  P. 

3.  Expos,  of  the  1st  and  2d  Epist.  to  the  Thessalonians, 
1675,  12mo. 

"  These  short  expositions  [all  of  the  above]  are  uncommonly 
sensible,  and  display  very  considerable  capacity  for  explaining  the 
Bible."—  Orme's  Bibl.  Bib. 

New  ed.  of  the  above,  in  1  vol.  large  Svo,  Lon.,  1841. 

4.  Serms.  on  the  Errors  of  Toleration,  Erastianism,  Inde 
pendency,  and  Separation,  with  four  occasional  Serms.. 
Edin.,  1698,  Svo. 

"A  good  old  Scotch  writer." — BickersteWs  C.  S. 

Ferguson,  James,  1710-1776,  a  native  of  Keith, 
Bamffshire,  whilst  yet  very  young,  without  the  advantages 
of  education,  exhibited  a  remarkable  genius  for  mechanical 
and  astronomical  investigations.  Whilst  employed  in  the 
humble  capacity  of  a  shepherd,  he  continued  his  studies 
with  untiring  zeal.  In  1743  he  came  to  London,  where 
he  attracted  great  attention  by  the  publication  of  astrono 
mical  tables,  and  the  delivery  of  lectures,  repeated  in  many 
towns  in  England,  on  experimental  philosophy.  A  list  of 
his  publications  and  contributions  to  Phil.  Trans,  will  be 
found  in  Bibl.  Brit.  Works,  edited  by  Sir  David  Brewster, 


FER 

Edin.,  5  vols.  8vo.  Lectures  on  select  Subjects  in  Mecha 
nics,  Hydrostatics,  Ac.,  edited  by  Sir  D.  B.,  2  vols.  8vo. 
Astronomy  explained  upon  Sir  Isaac  Newton's  principles, 
1821,  2  vols,  8vo.  New  ed.,  1841,  2  vols.  8vo. 

"  He  was  universally  considered  as  at  the  head  of  astronomy 
and  mechanics  in  this  nation  of  philosophers ;  and  he  might  justly 
be  styled  self-taught,  or  rather  heaven-taught,  for  in  his  whole  life 
he  had  not  received  above  half  a  year's  instruction  at  school."— 
Encyc.  Brit.  See  Chambers's  Lives  of  Illust.  and  Dist,  Scotsmen. 

Ferguson,  Sir  James,  of  Kilhenam,  one  of  the  sena 
tors  of  the  College  of  Justice.  Decisions  of  the  Ct.  of  Ses 
sions,  1738-52,  in  the  form  of  a  Dictionary.  Pub.  by  his 
son,  Edin.,  1755,  fol. 

Ferguson,  James.  1.  Volunteer  Corps,  Edin.,  1806, 
Svo.  2.  Reform  in  Civil  Justice,  1807,  8vo.  3.  New  Biog. 
Diet.,  1810, 18mo.  4.  Bill  rel.  to  separate  Tribunal,  1824, 
8vo.  5.  Entails,  1830,  Svo. 

"A  well-timed  and  admirable  treatise."— A yr  Advertiser. 

6.  Addit.  Obs.  on  Entails,  Svo.  7.  Actions  of  Divorce, 
1823,  Svo. 

"  The  discussions  embrace  some  of  the  most  important,  and,  per 
haps,  some  of  the  most  difficult,  questions  which  can  be  agitated 
in  a  court  of  law." — Lon.  Quart.  Rev. 

8.  Consistorial  Law  in  Scotland,  1829,  Svo. 

Ferguson,  John*     Surg.  con.  to  Phil.  Trans.,  1738. 

Ferguson,  or  Fergusson,  John.  A  Diet,  of  the 
Hindostan  Language,  Lon.,  1773,  4to.  The  principal  part 
of  the  impression  was  lost  at  sea. 

Ferguson,  Robert,  d.  1714,  was  ejected  in  1662  from 
his  living  of  Godmarsham,  Kent.  1.  Justification,  Lon., 
1668,  12mo.  2.  Moral  Virtue,  1673,  Svo.  3.  The  Interest 
of  Reason  in  Religion,  of  the  Use  of  Scripture  Metaphors, 
Ac.,  1675,  Svo. 

"  Part  of  a  controversy  in  which  the  author  and  some  others 
were  engaged  with  Dr.  Sherlock.  .  .  .  Ferguson's  work  contains 
some  judicious  remarks  on  the  use  of  reason  in  religion,  and  also 
on  the  metaphysical  language  of  Scripture." — Orme's  Bill.  Brit. 

Other  works.  For  a  notice  of  works  pub.  against  Fergu 
son's  views,  see  Lowndes's  Brit.  Librarian,  758. 

Ferguson,  Robert.  1.  The  Shadow  of  the  Pyramid  ; 
a  series  of  Sonnets,  Lon.,  1847,  fp.  Svo.  2.  The  Pipe  of 
Repose;  or,  Recollections  of  Eastern  Travel,  1848,  12mo; 
3d  ed.,  1852,  sq. 

"  We  do  not  disparage  '  Eothen,'  when  we  offer  an  opinion  that 
it  is  Eothen  in  miniature,  Eothen  in  spirit,  Eothen  in  popular  at 
traction,  and  quite  Eothen  in  talent." — Lon.  Literary  Gaz. 

3.  Swiss  Men  and  Swiss  Mountains,  1853,  16mo. 

Ferguson,  Robert.  A  Catalogue  of  Books  in  his 
Library,  Edin.,  1817,  4to.  Privately  printed. 

Ferguson,  Robert.     See  FERGUSSON. 

Ferguson,  Wm.  Interest  Tables,  Edin.,  1839, 12mo. 
New  ed.,  1853,  12mo. 

"  For  completeness,  simple  arrangement,  and  consequent  ease 
of  reference,  these  Tables  excel  every  work  on  Interest  which  we 
have  yet  seen." — Scotsman. 

Ferguson,  Wm.  1.  Spiritual  Ruin,  <fcc.  in  the  dio 
cese  of  Oxford,  Lon.  2.  The  Impending  Danger  of  our 
Country,  1848,  fp.  Svo. 

"The  facts  of  this  volume  are  heart-rending  and  appalling,  and 
the  nature  of  the  remedy  is  a  problem  which  ought  earnestly  to 
occupy  every  politician  and  every  enlarged  Christian." — Noncon 
formist. 

Ferguson,  Wm.  D.  1.  Practice  of  Cts.  in  Ireland, 
Dubl.,  1841,  '42,  2  vols.  Svo. 

"  Of  the  treatises  which  have  appeared  on  the  practice  of  the 
Courts,  I  may  especially  allude  to  that  of  Mr.  Ferguson,  a  work  of 
very  great  merit  and  very  considerable  accuracy." — PROFESSOR 
NAPIER. 

2.  Practical  Proceed,  and  Pleadings  of  Cts.  in  Ireland, 
1845,  Svo.    3.  Irish  Cts.  Registrations,  1846, 12mo.   4.  Law 
of  Railway  Companies  in  Ireland,  1848,  12mo.     5.  Code 
rel.  to  Churches,  Lon.,  1851,  Svo.     6.  Tenure  and  improv. 
of  Land  in  Ireland,  1851,  8vo. 

Fergusone,or  Fergusson,David.  Sermon  preachit 
befoire  the  Regent  and  Nobilitie,  Sanctandrois,  1572,  8vo. 

Fergusson,  David.  Epithalamium  mysticum  Salo- 
monis  Regis,  <tc.,  Edin.,  1677,  12mo. 

Fergusson,  James.  1.  Ancient  Topog.  of  Jerusa 
lem,  1847,  imp.  Svo.  2.  Ancient  Architecture  in  Hindos 
tan,  Lon.,  1847,  fol. 

"Exquisite  specimens  of  artistic  skill,  enhanced  in  value  by 
the  faithfulness  with  which  every  scene  and  place  is  recorded."— 
Lon.  Art  Union. 

3.  Hist.  Inquiry  into  the  true  Principles  of  Beauty  in 
Art,  more  especially  with  reference  to  Architecture,  1848, 
imp.  Svo.     See  commendation  in  Lon.  Eclectic  Review. 
4.    The    Palaces   of    Nineveh   and   Persepolis   Restored, 
1851,  Svo. 

"  This  book  contains  many  things  of  general  interest  relating  to 
one  of  the  most  wonderful  discoveries  that  have  occurred  in  the  his 
tory  of  the  world."— Lon.  Gent.  Mag. 

Other  works. 

Fergusson,  Robert,  1750-1774,  a  Scotch  poet  of  con- 


FER 

siderable  merit,  was  a  native  of  Edinburgh,  and  educated 
at  the  University  of  St.  Andrew's.  He  contributed  many 
pieces  to  Ruddiman's  Weekly  Magazine,  (commenced  in 
1768,)  which  he  pub.  in  a  volume  in  1773,  Edin.,  12mo: 
Perth,  1789,  2  vols.  12ino;  Glasg.,  1800, 12mo.  With  Life, 
by  Alex.  Peterkin,  Edin.,  1807,  Greenock,  1810,  Svo.  With 
Life,  by  David  Irving ;  numerous  edits.  A  new  ed.  has  re 
cently  been  pub.  by  A.  Fullarton,  Edinburgh. 

"  The  most  correct  and  authentic  collection  of  the  works  of  Fer 
gusson  extant." — North  British  Mail. 

"An  edition  of  Fergusson,  such  as  this  is — complete,  careful,  and 
handsome — was  wanted,  and  is  welcome." — Scotsman. 

Habits  of  dissipation  resulted  in  poverty  and  despond 
ency,  and  the  poet  ended  his  life  in  the  Insane  Asylum  at 
Edinburgh.  An  interesting  memoir  of  Fergusson  will  be 
found  in  Chambers's  Lives  of  Illust.  and  Dist.  Scotsmen. 
Burns  greatly  admired  Fergusson,  and  was  stimulated  to 
poetical  composition  by  reading  his  effusions.  He  erected 
a  monument  to  his  memory  in  the  Canongate  churchyard, 
and  often  bewails  his  unhappy  end,  both  in  his  prose  and 
poetical  pieces.  We  quote  the  following  elegy,  written  by 
Burns  in  a  copy  of  Fergusson's  works : 

"  Curse  on  ungrateful  man  that  can  be  pleased, 
And  yet  can  starve  the  author  of  his  pleasure! 
Oh,  thou,  my  elder  brother  in  misfortune, 
By  far  my  elder  brother  in  the  muses, 
With  tears  I  pity  thy  unhappy  fate! 
Why  is  the  bard  unfitted  for  the  world, 
Yet  has  so  keen  a  relish  of  its  pleasures?" 

This  is  all  very  absurd.  If  "the  bard"  would  cultivate 
industry  and  virtue,  instead  of  addicting  himself  to  the 
"good  sherris  sack,"  he  would  do  well  enough  in  "the 
world." 

Fergusson,  Robert.  1.  Representation  in  Scotland, 
<fcc.,  1792,  Svo.  2.  Proceed,  rel.  to  Earl  of  Thanet,  <fcc., 
1799,  &c. 

Fergusson,  Wm.,  M.D.  1.  Con.  to  Med.  Chirurg. 
Trans.,  1811,  '13.  2.  Notes  and  Recollec.  of  a  Profess. 
Life,  edited  by  his  son,  James  Fergusson,  Lon.,  1846,  Svo. 

"To  the  medical  officer, and,  we  may  add,  in  many  instances,  to 
the  civil  practitioner  also,  it  cannot  fail  to  prove  both  interesting 
and  useful." — United  Service  Gaz. 

3.  A  System  of  Practical  Surgery,  1842,  fp.  Svo;  3d  ed., 
1852;  4th  Amer.  from  the  3d  Lon.  ed.,  Phila.,  1854,  Svo. 

"  We  feel  persuaded  it  will  prove  as  great  a  favourite  as  it  de 
serves." — Edin.  Jour,  of  Med.  Science. 

"No  work  was  ever  written  which  more  nearly  comprehended 
the  necessities  of  the  student  and  practitioner,  and  was  more  care 
fully  arranged  to  that  single  purpose  than  this." — N.  Y.  Med.  and 
Surg.  Jour. 

Fermar,  Henrietta  Louisa,  Countess  of  Pomfret. 
Corresp.  between  her  and  the  Countess  of  Hartford,  (after 
wards  Duchess  of  Somerset,)  Lon.,  1803,  3  vols.  12mo. 

Ferme,  Charles,  d.  about  1620,  a  native  of  Edin 
burgh,  regent  1589,  afterwards  minister  of  Fraserburgh. 
Analysis  Logica  in  Epistolam  Apostoli  Pauli  ad  Romanes, 
Edin.,  1651,  12mo. 

"A  small  but  very  excellent  work,  in  which  the  argument  and 
meaning  of  the  apostle  are  very  accurately  unfolded." — Orme's 
Bibl.  Bib. 

Fermor,Wm.    Cow-pox  and  small-pox,Lon.,1800,8vo. 

Fern,  Dr.     Med.  con.  to  Phil.  Trans.,  1698. 

Fern,  Fanny.    See    PAKTON,  MRS.  SARAH  P. 

Fern,  Robert.    Funl.  serm.,  Lon.,  1710,  Svo. 

Fern,  Thomas.     Cure  for  the  King's  Evil,  Lon.,  4to. 

Fernandez,  Eleonora.  The  Economy  of  the  Hu 
man  Mind,  Lon.,  Svo. 

Feme,  Henry,  D.D.,  1602-1661,  a  native  of  York, 
educated  at  St.  Mary  Hall,  Oxf.,  and  Trin.  Coll.,  Camb. 
He  became  Archdeacon  of  Leicester,  Dean  of  Ely,  Master 
of  Trin.  Coll.,  Camb.,  and  Vice- Chancellor,  and  in  1661 
Bishop  of  Chester.  He  pub.  four  tracts  against  the  Re 
bellion,  1642,  '43,  two  serms.,  1644-49,  and  five  treatises 
in  defence  of  the  Ch.  of  Eng.  against  Romanism  and  Pres- 
byterianism,  1647-60.  His  tract,  On  Submission  to  th» 
Church,  will  be  found  in  Tracts  Angl.  Fathers,  iii.  11. 

Feme,  Sir  John,  d.  about!610,  an  eminent  antiquary, 
father  of  the  preceding,  was  educated  at  Oxford,  whence 
he  went  to  the  Middle  Temple.  The  Blazon  of  Gentrie : 
deuided  into  two  Parts.  The  first  named  The  Glorie  of 
Generoskie;  the  second,  Lacy's  Nobilitie,  Lon.,  1586,  4to. 
According  to  Dallaway,  this  was  the  most  complete  epi 
tome  then  extant. 

Feme,  or  Fern,  Robert.     Serms.,  Lon.,  1721,  Svo. 

Feme,  Wm.  Tract  on  Adam's  sin,  rel.  to  a  Letter 
to  C.  Beatty,  and  Remarks  by  Wm.  Ferguson,  Lon.,  12mo. 

Fernehough,  Wm.,  Vicar  of  Aspatria.  1.  Trent- 
ham  Park ;  a  Poem,  Lon.,  1789,  4to.  2.  Poems,  1814,  8vo. 

Fernel,  John.     Christian  Reconciler,  1801,  12mo. 

Fernie,  John.  1.  Hist,  of  the  Town  and  Parish  of 
Dunfermline,  Dunferm.,  1815,  Svo.  2.  Serms.,  1818,  Svo. 


FER 


FER 


Feron,  John.      Farriery,  Lon.,  1803,  4to ;  1809,  Svo. 
Ferrall,  Denis.    Book-Keeping,  Dubl.,  Svo. 
Ferrall,  S.  A.    Under  this  name  appeared  Nos.  1  and 
3  of  the  works  of  O'FERRALL,  SIMON  A.,  q.  v. 
Ferrar,  John.     1.  Hist,  of  Limerick,  Lim.,  1787,  Svo. 

2.  Tour  from  Dublin  to  London  in  1795,  Dubl.  1796,  Svo. 

3.  View  of  Anc.  and  Mod.  Dublin,  1796,  Svo. 
Ferrar,  Nicholas,  1592-1637,  one  of  the  most  ex 
cellent  of  men,  in  great  reputation  for  learning  and  piety, 
a  native  of   London,  was  educated   at  Clare  Hall,  Cam 
bridge.     He  acted  for  some  time  as  secretary  to  the  Vir 
ginia  Company,  and  in  1624  was  chosen  member  of  Par 
liament.      In  the  last-mentioned  year  he  purchased  the 
lordship  of- Little  Gidding,  in  the  county  of  Huntingdon, 
where,  with  his  mother,  sister,  and  other  relations — he 
never  married — to  the  number  of  forty  persons,  he  esta 
blished  what  has  often  been  called  The  English  Nunnery. 
More  properly  speaking,  the  community  of  Little  Gidding 
worshipped  God  after  the  strict  model  of  ancient  devotion. 
In  the  words  of  Bishop  Home, 

"  The  pious  Mr.  Nicholas  Ferrar  exhibited  in  the  last  century 
an  instance  of  a  Protestant  family  in  which  a  constant  course  of 
Psalmody  was  appointed,  and  so  strictly  kept  up,  that,  through 
the  whole  four  and  twenty  hours  of  day  and  night,  there  was  no 
portion  of  time  when  some  of  the  members  were  not  employed  in 
the  performing  that  most  pleasant  part  of  duty  and  devotion." — 
Comment  on  CXXXW.  Psalm. 

This  excellent  family  did  not  only  "  show  piety  at  home," 
but  were  the  nurses,  the  counsellors,  the  bodily  and  spiri 
tual  physicians,  of  the  whole  neighbourhood.  Whether 
the  community  of  Little  Gidding  had  too  much  piety  or 
not,  it  less  becomes  the  reader  to  inquire,  than  whether 
he  himself  have  enough !  If  the  banqueting  hall  of 
Lucullus  were  more  frequently  converted  into  the  oratory 
of  Little  Gidding,  it  would  be  difficult  to  show  that  society 
or  the  world  would  be  the  loser. 

We  would  fain  linger  on  this  pleasing  theme,  but  must 
refer  the  reader  to  Memoirs  of  the  Life  of  Mr.  Nicholas 
Ferrar,  by  the  Eev.  P.  Peckard,  D.D.,  Camb.,  1790,  Svo.; 
abridged,  Lon.,  1852,  fp.  Svo;  to  Chalmers's  Biog.  Diet, 
and  to  Dibdin's  Bibliomania.  Nicholas  Ferrar  pub.,  with 
out  his  name,  a  trans,  of  the  110  Considerations  brought 
out  of  Italy  by  Vergerius.  Ac.,  Oxf.,  1638. 

Ferrar,  Robert,  Bishop  of  St.  David's,  1548,  burned, 
1555,  was  an  ancestor  of  the  preceding.  Bishop  Burnet 
says  he  was  one  of  the  committee  nominated  to  compile 
the  English  liturgy,  but  his  name  does  not  appear  among 
those  who  prepared  the  new  liturgy  in  1547.  Probably 
Burnet  refers  to  the  correction  of  th&  liturgy  in  1540. 
Ferrar's  name  appears  as  one  of  the  signers  to  the  confes 
sion  of  faith,  May  8,  1554.  See  Foxe's  Acts  and  Monu 
ments,  A  then.  Oxon. 

Ferrarius,  James  Alex.  Euclides  Catholicus,  Lon., 
1673,  4te  ;  Oxon.,  1680,  Svo.  In  English,  by  J.  D.,  Lon., 
1673,  Svo.  See  Athen.  Oxon. 

Ferrebee,  Michael.     Serm.,  Lon.,  1732,  4to. 

Ferrerius,  Johannes.     See  FERRIER,  JOHN. 

Ferrers,  Edward,  is  mentioned  by  Wood  as  the 
author  (died  1564)  of  several  Tragedies,  Comedies,  and 
Interludes,  but  Wood  quotes  from  Puttenham,  who  calls 
George  Ferrers,  Edward  Ferrers.  It  is  therefore  very 
doubtful  whether  Edward  Ferrers,  who  was  of  a  War 
wickshire  family,  is  entitled  to  be  ranked  among  authors. 
See  Bliss's  notes  in  his  ed.  of  Athen.  Oxon.,  i.  340,  445. 

Ferrers,  George,  1512F-1579,  a  lawyer,  historian, 
and  poet,  a  native  of  a  village  near  St.  Alban's,  Hertford 
shire,  after  receiving  his  education  at  Oxford,  removed  to 
Lincoln's  Inn,  where  he  rose  to  great  distinction.  He  trans. 
Magna  Charta  into  Latin  and  English,  and  the  Laws 
enacted  temp.  Henry  III.  and  Edw.  I.  into  English,  and 
wrote  six  of  the  poetical  chronicles  in  the  Mirror  for  Magis 
trates:—!.  The  Fall  of  Robert  Tresilian.  2.  The  Tragedy 
of  Thomas  of  Woodstock,  Duke  of  Gloucester.  3.  The 
Tragedy  of  Richard  II.  4.  The  Story  of  Dame  Eleanor 
Cobham.  5.  The  Story  of  Humphrey  Plantagenet,  Duke 
of  Gloucester.  6.  The  Tragedy  of  Edward,  Duke  of  Somer 
set.  We  have  already  had  occasion  to  notice  this  grand 
old  work,  The  Mirror  for  Magistrates.  See  BALDWIN,  WIL 
LIAM;  DORSET,  THOMAS  SACKVILLE,  EARL  OP;  and  autho 
rities  cited  under  former  name.  Ferrers  seems  to  have 
been  accomplished  in  the  manners  of  the  day,  and  sus 
tained  the  office  of  LORD  OF  MISRULE  with  gre.at  credit. 

"  George  Ferrers,  gentleman  of  Lincolns-inn,  being  lord  of  all  the 
disportes  all  the  12  days  of  Christmas,  anno  MDLIII.,  at  Green 
wich:  also  so  pleasantly  and  wisely  behaved  himself,  that  the 
king  had  great  delight  in  his  pastymes."— Stowtfs  diron.,  p.  632. 

"  Being  of  better  credit  and  estimation  than  commonlie  his  pre 
decessors  had  beene  before,  he  received  all  his  commissions  and 
warrants  by  the  name  of  the  MAISTER  OF  THE  KING'S  PASTIMES,"— 


Holinshed's  C'iron.,  iii.,  p.  1067  ;  col.  ii.  10.  See  Warton's  Hist,  of 
Eng.  Poetry;  Biog.  Brit.;  Athen. Oxon. ; Brydges's Phillips's Thea- 
trum  Poetarum. 

Ferrers,  Henry?  1579-1663,  of  the  same  family  as 
the  preceding,  educated  at  Oxford,  made  collections  used 
by  Dugdale  in  his  Antiquities  of  Norwichshire.  Some  of 
his  poetical  pieces  were  pub.,  and  he  left  some  MS.  compo 
sitions.  See  Bliss's  Wood's  Athen.  Oxon.  He  left  behind 
him  the  character  of 

"  A  well-bred  gent.,  a  good  neighbour,  and  an  honest  man." — 
Athen.  Oxon. 

Ferrers,  Richard.  The  Worth  of  Woman ;  a  Poem, 
Lon.,  1622,  Svo. 

Ferrerz,  George.     See  FERRERS. 

Ferrey,  Benjamin.  Hist,  of  the  Priory  of  Christ 
Church,  Hampshire,  Lon.,  1834,  4to,  and  imp.  4to.  This 
magnificent  edifice  is  supposed  to  be  coeval  with  Rufus. 

Ferriar,  John,  M.D.,  1764-1815,  a  native  of  Chester, 
physician  to  the  Manchester  Infirmary,  possessed  great 
literary  taste,  and  was  an  excellent  critic.  1.  The  Prince 
of  Angola ;  a  Trag.,  altered  from  the  Play  of  Oronooko, 
Lon.,  1788,  Svo.  2.  Medical  Histories  and  Reflections, 
1792-8,  3  yols.  Svo.  New  ed.,  1810,  3  vols.  Svo.  3.  Illus 
trations  of  Sterne,  with  other  Essays,  Manches.,  1798,  Svo ; 
Lon.,  1812,  2  vols.  Svo.  Sterne  is  proved  to  have  pillaged 
largely  from  Burton,  Hall,  and  the  old  French  novelists. 
Ferriar  gives  a  Biographical  and  Critical  account  of  the 
"  Shandy  Library."  ^ 

"  If  we  propose  to  look  closely  into  the  style  of  composition  which 
Sterne  thought  proper  to  adopt,  we  find  a  sure  guide  in  the  inge 
nious  Dr.  Ferriar,  who,  with  the  most  singular  patience,  has  traced 
our  author  through  the  hidden  sources  whence  he  borrowed  most 
of  his  striking  and  peculiar  expressions." — SIR  W.  SCOTT. 

4.  Foxglove,  Manches.,  1799,  12mo.  5.  Bibliomania; 
an  Epistle  to  Richard  Heber,  Esq.,  Lon.,  1S09,  Svo;  and 
in  the  2d  ed.  of  the  Illustrations  of  Sterne,  &G. 

"  I  will  not,  however,  disguise  to  you  that  I  read  it  with  uniform 
delight,  and  that  I  rose  from  the  perusal  with  a  keen  appetite  for 
'The  small,  rare  volume,  black  with  tarnished  gold.'" 

Dibdin's  Bibliomania,  ed.  1811,  p.  3. 

Of  Dr.  Ferriar's  bibliomania,  and  of  the  disease  itself, 
we  have  had  something  to  say  in  our  article,  DIBBIN, 
THOMAS  FROGNALL,  q.  v. 

6.  An  Essay  towards  a  Theory  of  Apparitions,  1813,  Svo. 
Highly  commended.  7.  Case  of  Hydrophobia;  in  Med. 
Facts,  1791. 

Ferriby,  John.  Short  Discourse  rel.  to  Preachers, 
Lon.,  1653. 

Ferrier,  James,  Prof,  of  Moral  Philosophy  and 
Political  Economy,  St.  Andrew's,  son-in-law  of  the  late 
Professor  John  Wilson.  1.  Institutes  of  Metaphysics,  the 
Theory  of  knowing  and  being,  Edin.  and  Lon.,  1854,  p.  Svo. 

"This  is  no  ordinary  book.  If  we  mistake  not,  its  publication 
will  mark  an  epoch  in  the  history  of  speculation  in  this  country. 
The  author  is  familiar  with  what  has  been  done  in  this  field  by  an 
cients  and  moderns ;  and  his  acuteness  and  independence  of  think 
ing  are  as  conspicuous  as  his  learning.  The  author  himself  knows 
that  his  case  so  stands,  and  he  does  not  affect  to  conceal  from  you 
the  fact  of  his  knowing  it.  ...  We  have  said  enough,  we  hope, 
concerning  Mr.  Ferrier's  book,  to  commend  it  effectually  to  such 
of  our  readers  as  are  wont  to  be  interested  in  publications  of  this 
nature." — British  Quar.  Rev. 

"Both  among  the  details  which  command  our  assent,  and  in 
examining  the  leading  principle  from  which  we  have  so  widely 
differed,  we  meet  an  independent  devotion  to  speculations  that 
we  love,  as  rare  as  it  is  refreshing  in  these  degenerate  days.  When 
we  turn  from  these  pages  to  the  dull  wilderness  of  commonplace 
which  spreads  over  most  of  the  literature  that  now  calls  itself  philo 
sophical,  we  remember  the  inclination  of  the  philosophic  Roman : — 
ERRARE  malo  cum  Platone,  quam  cum  islis  VERA  sentire" — North 
Brit.  Rev. 

2.  The  Works  of  Prof.  John  Wilson,  edited  by  Prof. 
Ferrier,  12  vols.  12mo:  i.,  ii.,  1855;  iii.-vi.,  1856;  vii.-x., 
1857;  xi.,  xii.,  1858.. 

Ferrier,  John.  Historia  Monasterii,  a  Kenlos  Ordi- 
nis  Cisterciensis  in  Scotia,  Ac.,  scripta  anno  1537,  Mart, 
et  Dur.  Coll.,  vi.  319. 

Ferrier,  Miss  Mary,  d.  1855,  was  the  daughter  of 
James  Ferrier,  of  Edinburgh,  one  of  Walter  Scott's  "breth 
ren  of  the  clerk's  table."  She  was  the  authoress  of  three 
excellent  novels,  in  three  vols.  each,  viz. :  1.  The  Marriage, 
1818.  2.  The  Inheritance,  1824.  3.  Destiny;  or,  The 
Chiefs  Daughter,  1831.  All  repub.  in  Bentley's  Standard 
Novels,  vols.  Ixxxiii.,  Ixxxiv.,  Ixxxv.  In  the  conclusion  to 
The  Legend  of  Montrose,  Scott  pays  the  following  high 
compliment  to  Miss  Ferrier: 

"  I  retire  from  the  field,  conscious  there  remains  behind  notonJy 
a  large  harvest,  but  labourers  capable  of  gathering  it  in.  More  than 
one  writer  has  already  displayed  talents  of  this  description ;  and  if 
the  present  author,  himself  a  phantom,  may  be  permitted  to  dis 
tinguish  a  brother,  or  perhaps  a  sister,  shadow,  he  would  mention 
in  particular  the  author  of  the  very  lively  work  entitled '  Marriage.' " 
The  reader  will  find  several  notices  of  Miss  Ferrier  in 

589 


FER 

Lockhart's  Life  of  Scott.  She  was  a  favourite  guest  at 
Abbotsford,  and  her  society  tended  to  cheer  the  melan 
choly  hours  which  clouded  the  last  months  of  the  life  of 
the  great  novelist.  Sir  Walter  describes  Miss  Ferrier  as 

"  A  gifted  personage,  having,  besides  her  great  talents,  conver 
sation  the  least  exigeante  of  any  author,  female  at  least,  whom  he 
had  ever  seen  among  the  long  list  he  had  encountered;  simple, 
full  of  humour,  and  exceedingly  ready  at  repartee;  and  all  this 
without  the  least  affectation  of  the  blue-stocking." 

"Edgeworth,  Ferrier,  Austen,  have  all  given  portraits  of  real 
society  far  superior  to  any  thing  man— vain  man— has  produced 
of  the  like  nature." 

"To  a  warm  heart,  a  lively  fancy,  and  great  powers  of  discrimi 
nation,  Miss  Ferrier  has  added  variety  of  knowledge,  and  a  graphic 
art  of  describing  all  she  sees  and  all  she  feels,  which  give  her  a 
distinguished  place  among  the  novelists  of  the  day."— Allan  Cun 
ningham's  Biog.  and  Crit.  Hist,  of  the  Lit.  of  the  last  Fifty  Years. 
Ferrier,  Robert.  Testimony  of  the  King  of  Mar 
tyrs,  Job  xvii.  36,  37,  by  J.  Glass,  with  Pref.  by  R.  F., 
Edin.,  1747,  8vo. 

Ferrier,  W.    Two  Discourses,  Paisley,  1798,  1801. 
Ferris,    Benjamin.      A   History  of   the   Original 
Settlements  on  the  Delaware  from  its  Discovery  by  Hud 
son  to  the  Colonization  under  William  Penn,  Wilmington, 
Del.,  1846,  8vo. 

Ferris,  Benj.  G.,  late  Secretary  of  Utah  Territory. 
Utah  and  the  Mormons,  N.  York,  1854,  12mo. 

Ferris,  James.  1.  Strictures  on  the  Eng.  Constitu 
tion,  Lon.,  1806,  8vo.  2.  Union  with  Ireland. 

Ferris,  Richard.  Adventures  of  himself  and  others 
in  a  row  in  a  wherry-boat,  <fec.,  Lon.,  1590,  4to. 

Ferris,  Samuel,  M.D.  1.  Disputatio  de  Sanguinis, 
Ac.,  Edin.,  1784,  8vo.  2.  Coll.  of  Physic,  Lon.,  1795,  8vo. 
3.  Con.  to  Med.  Facts,  1791. 

Ferris,  Sarah.    Mental  Perceptions,  1807,  12mo. 
Ferry.    Relation  of  Sir  Thos.  Roe's  Voy.  to  E.  India. 
See  Valli's  Travels,  p.  325,  1665. 

Ferryman,  R.  1.  Brit.  Quadrupeds  and  Birds  in  his 
Museum,  Brist,  1789,  8vo.  2.  Brit.  Quadrupeds  and  Birds 
in  the  Brit.  Zob'l.  Mus.,  Lon.,  1795,  8vo. 

Fessenden,  Thomas,  d.  1813,  aged  74,  minister  of 
"Walpole,  New  Hampshire.  1.  Science  of  Sanctity,  1804, 
8vo.  2.  The  Boston  self-styled  Gentleman  Reviewers  Re 
viewed,  1806. 

Fessenden,  Thomas  Green,  1771-1837,  anative  of 
Walpole,  New  Hampshire,  and  a  son  of  the  above.  1.  Ter 
rible  Tractoration ;  a  Poem,  by  Christopher  Caustic,  1803, 
8vo.  Anon.  This  is  a  defence  of  the  Metallic  Tractors  of 
Perkins.  2.  Orig.  Poems,  1804, 12mo.  3.  The  Minute  Philo 
sopher,  1806.  This  is  an  enlargement  of  No.  1.  A  third 
ed.  was  pub.  towards  the  close  of  his  life.  4.  Democracy 
Unveiled,  1806,  12mo.  5.  American  Clerk's  Companion, 
1815.  6.  Law  of  Patents  for  New  Inventions,  2d  ed., 
1822,  8vo.  Severely  criticized  and  condemned  in  N.  Amer 
Rev.,  xvi.  199.  Mr.  F.  wrote  many  Essays  on  Agriculture 
and  was  editor  of  the  N.  England  Farmer,  The  Horticul 
tural  Register,  The  Silk  Manual,  The  Reporter,  The  In- 
telligencer,  and  The  Monitor.  An  interesting  account  of 
him  will  be  found  in  E.  A.  and  G.  L.  Duyckincks'  Cyc.  of 
Amer.  Lit. 

Festeau,  Paul.  Fr.  and  Eng.  Grammar,  Lon.,  1675 
8vo. 

Testing,  Michael.     Serms.,  Lon.,  1757,  '59. 
Fetherstone,  Rev.  Christopher.  Dialogue agains 
Dauncing,  Lon.,1582,  Svo;  trans.,  and  other  works,  1584-87 
Fettiplace,  Thomas.    1.  The  Celestial  Larnpe,  Lon. 
1637,  24mo.     2.  The  Sinner's  Tears,  1688,  12mo. 

Feuillerade,  Peter,  Rector  of  Bygrave.  Serm. 
1777,  4to. 

Fewterer,  John.  The  Myrrour,  or  Glasse  of  Christe' 
Passion,  1634,  fol.  Trans,  into  English  at  the  desire  o: 
Lord  Hussey. 

Feylde,  Thomas.  A  lytel  Treatyse  called  the  Co 
trauerse  bytwene  a  Louer  and  a  Jaye,  Lon.,  by  W.  d 
Worde,  4to.  This  rare  poem,  in  six  lines  stanzas,  was  soL 
for  £39  in  the  Roxburghe  sale,  3274.  2.  The  Coplaynt 
of  a  Louer's  Lyfe,  Lon.,  by  Wynkyn  de  Worde,  4to ;  Rox 
burghe,  3283,  58«.  New  ed.,  Lon.,  1818,  4to.  Presente 
to  the  members  of  the  Roxburghe  Club  by  the  Rev.  T.  F 
Dibdin,  D.D.  30  copies,  and  one  upon  vellum.  Sykes 
£7.  Dent,  £3  Is. 

Fidalgo,  S.  A  Lecture  of  Moving  Figures,  Lon 
1768,  8vo.  A  political  pamphlet. 

Fiddes,  Richard,  D.D.,  1671-1725,  a  native  of  Hum 
manby,  near  Scarborough,  was  educated  at  Oxford,  an 
became  Rector  of  Halsham  about  1694.  Having  lost  th 
power  of  free  utterance,  he  devoted  himself  to  authorship 
1.  A  Body  of  Divinity,  Lon.,  1718-20,  2  vols.  fol.  Thi 
was  well  received,  but  now  seems  neglected.  2.  46  Prac 


FIE 

cal  discourses,  1713-15,  3  vols.  8vo.     Dr.  Waterland  com 
mends  them  in  his  Advice  to  a  Student.     3.  52  Practical 
)iscourses,  1720,  '28,  .fol.     4.  Life  of  Cardinal  Wolsey, 
724,  '26,  fol. ;  1742,  4  vols.  8vo. 

"Dr.  Fiddes  vilifies  the  Reformation,  depreciates  the  instru 
ments  of  it,  and  palliates  the  absurdities  of  the  Romish  Church." 
— DR.  KMGHT  :  Life  of  Erasmus. 

There  is  but  little  vivacity  in  Fiddes's  biography.  Re- 
pecting  the  Life  of  Wolsey,  see  CAVENDISH,  GEORGE. 
>.  Treatise  of  Morality,  1726,  8vo.  Fiddes  also  pub.  an 
answer  to  an  attack  upon  his  Life  of  Wolsey,  and  some 
minor  pieces. 

Fiddler,  Rev.  Isaac.     Observations  on  Professions, 
Literature,  Manners,  and  Emigration,  in  the  United  States 
md  Canada,  made  during  a  residence  there  in  1832,  Lon.. 
833,  12mo,  pp.  434. 

"  This  is  another  precious  specimen  of  the  class  of  books  with 

rhich  John  Bull  is  now  regularly  humbugged  three  or  four  times 

year,  under  the  name  of  observations  on  the  state  of  society, 

manners,  and  literature,  in  the  United  States.'' — ALEXANDER  H. 

SVERETT  :  N.  Amer.  Rev.,  xxxvii.  273.    Read  this  witty  article,  by 

a  "  eminent  hand." 

Fidel,   Theop.     Interesting  Dialogue  between  the 
'arson  and  the  Farmer,  Lon.,  1806,  8vo. 
Fidell,  Thomas.    A  Perfect  Guide  for  a  studious 
foung  Lawyer;  being  Prec.  for  Conveyancing,  1654,  4to; 
1658,  8vo. 

Fidge,  Wm.  Med.  Con.  to  Phil.  Trans.,  1764. 
Field,  Baron.  1.  Analysis  of  Blackstone's  Comment., 
Lon.,  1811,  8vo,-  3d  ed.,  1821,  8vo;  N.  York,  1822,  8vo. 
2.  Hints  to  Witnesses,  Lon.,  1815,  8vo.  3.  Geographical 
WLemoirs  of  N.  South  Wales,  by  various  Hands,  1825,  8vo. 
See  an  article  on  the  Australian  Colonies,  with  notices  of 
iVentworth's,  Carr's,  and  Field's  works,  in  the  London 
Quarterly  Review,  xxxii.  311. 

Field,  Chester.     Scripture  Illustrated  by  interesting 
Facts,  edited  by  Rev.  John  Todd,  D.D.,  Lon.,  1850,  18mo. 
Field,  Edwin  W.     Observ.  of  a  Solicitor  on  the 
Equity  Courts,  Lon.,  1840,  8vo. 
"  A  very  able  and  well-written  pamphlet." — 4  Jurist,  113. 
Field,  Frederick.    Serm.,  Camb.,  1834,  8vo. 
Field,  George,  1777-1854.  I.Brit.  School  of  Modern 
Artists,    Lon.,   1802,   8vo.     2.    Chromatics,  or  Harmony 
of  Colours;  new  ed.,  1845,  8vo.  3.  Outlines  of  Analytical 
Philosophy,  1839, 2  vols.  8vo.     4.  Tritogenia :  a  Synopsis 
of  Universal  Hist. ;  3d  ed.,  1846,  8vo.     Other  works. 
Field,  Henry.     Con.  to  Mem.  Med.,  1799,  1805. 
Field,  Rev.  Henry  M.     The  Irish  Confederates,  and 
the  Rebellion  of  1798,  N.  York,  1851,  12mo. 

"A  personal  and  political  history,  which  has  about  it  all  the 
charm  of  romance." — The  Irish  American. 

Field,  Rev.  James,  of  Antigua.     Account  of  two 
cases  of  Wounds  in  the  Stomach,  Phil.  Trans.,  1752.    Cured. 
Field,  John.     Theolog.  trans,  and  treatises,  1578-88. 
Field,  John.     1.  Treatise  on  Prison  Discipline,  Lon., 
1846,  8vo.     New  ed.,  1848,  2  vols.  8vo.     2.  Life  of  John 
Howard,  Lon.,  1850,  8vo.     3.  Corresp.  of  John  Howard, 
1855,  fp.  8vo. 

Field,  John.  Posthumous  Extracts  from  the  Veteri 
nary  Records  of  ihe  late  John  Field,  edited  by  his  brother, 
Wm.  Field,  Veterinary  Surgeon,  Lon.,  1843,  Svo. 

Field,  Martin,  d.  1833,  aged  60,  of  Fayetteville,  Ver 
mont,  pub.  treatises  on  mineralogy  and  natural  history. 
Field,  Matthew.     See  FEILDE. 
Field,  Matthew  C.,  d.  1844,  aged  32,  whilst  on  a 
voyage  from  New  Orleans  to  Boston,  for  the  benefit  of  his 
health.     He  contributed  many  poetical  and  other  articles 
to  the  Southern  journals,  under  the  signature  of  Phazma. 
Field,  Nathaniel,  a  dramatic  author,  temp.  James  I. 
and  Charles  I.,  is  supposed  to  be  the  same  Field  who  acted 
upon  the  stage.     1.  A  Woman's  a  Weathercock;  a  Com., 
Lon.,  1612,  4to.     2.  Amends  for  Ladies;  a  Com.,  1639,  4to. 
3.  In  conjunction  with  Massinger,  The  Fatal  Dowry;  a 
Trag.,  1632,  4to. 
"A  very  good  play." — Biog.  Dramat. 

Field,  Nathaniel,  Rector  of  Stourton,  Wilts,  a  son 
of  Richard  Field,  D.D.,  author  of  the  work  entitled,  Of  the 
Church,  pub.  Memorials  concerning  the  Life  of  Dr.  Richard 
Field,  with  a  Pref.  by  John  Le  Neve,  Lon.,  1716. 

Field,  Richard,  D.D.,  1561-1616,  a  native  of  Hamp- 
sted,  Hertfordshire,  educated  at  Magdalen  Hall,  Oxf.;  Di 
vinity  Reader  to  Lincoln's  Inn,  1594;  Rector  of  Burghclere, 
Hampshire,  and  Preb.  of  Windsor ;  Dean  of  Gloucester, 
1610.  He  was  in  great  reputation  for  learning,  piety,  and 
public  usefulness.  His  great  work,  entitled,  Of  the  Church, 
was  first  pub.  in  1606,  four  books,  1  vol.  fol.;  5th  book, 
with  an  Appendix,  1610,  fol.;  new  ed.  of  the  whole,  Oxf., 
1628,  1  vol.  fol.;  again,  with  an  Appendix  and  Defence, 
1635,  fol.  New  ed.,  Camb.,  1847-52,  4  vols.  Svo,  42s.; 


FIE 

again,  1853,  4  vols.  8vo.  See  Tracts  of  the  Angl.  Fathers, 
iii.  73. 

When  Dr.  Kettle  endeavoured  to  persuade  Dr.  Field  not 
to  write  this  work,  telling  him  that  it  would  embroil  him 
in  controversy,  he  answered : 

"  I  will  so  write  that  they  shall  have  no  great  mind  to  answer 
toe." 

King  James  I.  delighted  to  converse  with  Field  on  mat 
ters  of  divinity;  and  when  he  first  preached  hefore  him, 
he  said : 

"  Is  his  name  Field  ?    This  is  the  Field  for  God  to  dwell  in !" 

When  he  heard  of  his  death,  he  exclaimed : 

"  I  should  have  done  more  for  that  man." 

"  He  was  in  his  time  esteemed  a  principal  maintainer  of  Protes- 
tancy,  a  powerful  preacher,  a  profound  schoolman,  exact  dispu 
tant,  and  so  admirable  well  knowing  in  the  controversies  between 
the  Protestants  and  Papists,  that  few  or  none  went  beyond  him 
in  his  time.  He  had  a  great  memory,  and  any  book  which  he  read 
he  was  able  to  carry  away  the  substance  of  it  in  his  memory,  and 
to  give  an  account  of  all  the  material  passages  therein." — Athen. 
Oxon. 

"  That  learned  divine,  whose  memory  smelleth  like  a  FIELD  which 
the  Lord  hath  blessed."— FULLER. 

"This  one  volume,  thoroughly  understood  and  appropriated, 
will  place  you  in  the  highest  rank  of  doctrinal  Church-of-England 
divines,  andin  no  mean  rank  as  a  true  doctrinal  Church  historian." 
—SAMUEL  TAYLOR  COLERIDGE  :  Letter  to  his  son,  the  Rev.  Derwent 
Coleridge. 

"  Field  on  the  Church  has  been  much  praised  by  Coleridge.  It 
is,  as  it  seemed  to  me,  a  more  temperate  work  in  ecclesiastical 
theory  than  some  have  represented  it  to  be,  and  written  almost 
wholly  against  Rome." — Hattam's  Introduc.  to  Lit.  Hist. 

Dr.  Field  pub.  a  serm.,  1604,  4to,  and  had  in  course  of 
preparation  a  work  entitled,  A  View  of  the  Controversies 
in  Religion,  «fcc.  The  Pref.  to  this  unfinished  work  will 
be  found  in  his  son's  Life  of  him.  See  FIELD,  NATHANIEL, 
and  see  Athen.  Oxon.,  Bliss's  ed.,  ii.  81. 

Field,  Richard  Stockton,  b.  1803,  at  Whitehill,  N. 
Jersey.  1.  The  Provincial  Courts  of  New  Jersey,  <fec.,  N.Y., 
1849,  8vo.  2.  Address  before  the  Surviving  Members  of 
the  Convention  to  form  a  Constitution  for  N.  Jersey  in 
1844,  8vo,  1853.  3.  Address  on  the  Power  of  Habit,  1855. 
4.  Contributions  to  Collections  N.  Jersey  Hist.  Soc.,  Ac. 

Field,  Theop.,  Bishop  of  St.  David's.  Serm.,  Lon., 
1624,  8vo. 

Field,  Rev.  W.    Use  of  the  Globes,  1811,  12mo. 

Field,  Rev.  W.  Memoirs  of  the  Life,  Writings,  and 
Opinions,  of  the  Rev.  Samuel  Parr,  LL.D.,  Lon.,  1828,  2 
vols.  8vo.  This  interesting  work  contains  anecdotes  of 
many  of  the  literary  characters  of  the  early  part  of  the  19th 
century. 

Field,  Wm.  1.  Letter  rel.  to  Dissenters,  1791,  8vo. 
2.  Second  do.,  1791,  8vo.  3.  Pract.  Ct.  K.  Bench  in  Per 
sonal  Actions,  3  pts.,  1798. 

Field,  Wm.     See  FIELD,  JOHN. 

Fielder,  John.     Petition  to  Parl.,  1651,  4to. 

Fielder,  Richard.    Petition  of  the  Waggoners,  fol. 

Fielding,  Charles  George,  son  of  the  Earl  of 
Derby.  The  Brothers ;  an  Eclogue,  Lon.,  1781,  8vo. 

Fielding,  George.     Surgical  Cases,  Lon.,  1813,  8vo. 

Fielding,  Henry,  1707-1754,  a  son  of  Lieutenant- 
General  Fielding,  and  great-grandson  of  William,  third  Earl 
of  Denbigh,  was  born  at  Sharpham  Park,  Somersetshire,  on 
the  22d  of  April.  After  prosecuting  his  classical  studies  at 
Eton,  he  went  to  the  University  of  Leyden,  where,  for  two 
years,  he  devoted  himself  to  the  investigation  of  civil  law. 
The  straitened  circumstances  of  General  Fielding  .placed 
Henry  in  a  mortifying  position  among  his  fellow-students, 
and  before  the  termination  of  his  21st  year  he  returned  to 
London,  and  became  a  writer  for  the  stage.  His  Comedy  of 
Love  in  several  Masques  appeared  in  the  same  year — 1727 
—in  which  he  returned  to  England,  and  notwithstanding 
the  little  encouragement  which  the  author  received,  he 
produced  a  long  list  of  plays,  of  which  even  the  names  are 
now  unknown  to  the  majority  of  readers.  In  1734  Field 
ing  fell  deeply  in  love  with  a  celebrated  beauty,  Miss 
Charlotte  Cradock,  possessed  of  many  accomplishments, 
and  £1500.  An  immediate  union  was  the  result  of  this 
acquaintance,  and  the  groom  at  this  time  coming  into  pos 
session  of  about  £200  per  annum  by  the  death  of  his 
mother,  the  young  couple  retired  to  their  estate  in  the 
country. 

Here  they  might  have  lived  in  comfort  and  respectability  ; 
but  these  substantial  blessings  by  no  means  satisfied  the 
ambition  of  a  gay  cavalier,  who  aspired  to  a  splendid  esta 
blishment  and  a  crowd  of  boon  companions.  A  host  of 
servants,  horses,  hounds,  and  an  open  table  to  all  the  rakes 
who  chose  to  live  upon  his  bounty,  reduced  Fielding  to 
poverty;  in  three  years  his  coffers  were  exhausted,  his 
constitution  shattered,  and  his  summer  friends  on  the 
wing  to  more  promising  pastures. 


FIE 

He  returned  to  London,  determined  to  put  into  profit 
able  exercise  that  knowledge  of  the  law  which  he  had  ac 
quired  in  happier  days.  There  is  every  reason — excepting 
an  apprehension  of  the  return  of  convivial  habits — to  sup 
pose  that  he  would  have  succeeded  in  the  arduous  vocation 
which  he  had  embraced  with  great  zeal,  had  it  not  been  for 
violent  and  repeated  attacks  of  the  gout,  which  forbade  his 
attendance  on  the  circuits.  He  therefore  again  sought  and 
obtained  literary  employment,  and  we  soon  find  him  as 
sistant  editor  of  The  Champion,  a  periodical  paper,  and 
author  of  the  essays  On  Conversation,  On  the  Knowledge 
of  the  Characters  of  Men,  and  the  Journey  from  this  World 
to  the  Next.  At  this  time  also  he  produced  some  poetical 
compositions,  which  do  not  seem  to  have  possessed  any  un 
common  merit.  We  should  not  omit  to  mention,  as  a  proof 
of  his  diligence  whilst  yet  engaged  in  legal  pursuits,  that 
he  prepared  a  voluminous  Digest  of  the  Statutes  at  Large, 
in  two  folio  volumes,  which  remained  unpublished  in  the 
hands  of  his  brother,  Sir  John  Fielding,  his  successor  in 
the  post  of  Middlesex  magistrate.  He  now  gave  to  the 
world  a  curious  satire,  entitled  The  History  of  Jonathan 
Wild  the  Great,  which  has  received  the  rather  dubious 
compliment  of  being 

"  Perhaps  the  most  ingeniously-arranged  description  of  a  tissue 
of  blackguardisms  which  has  ever  been  given  to  the  world." 

In  1742  appeared  the  novel  of  Joseph  Andrews;  in  1749 
he  pub.  Tom  Jones;  and  two  years  later  gratified  his  large 
circle  of  admirers  by  the  novel  of  Amelia,  which  he  sold 
for  £1000. 

In  Amelia,  the  author  drew  a  picture  of  his  wife,  to  whom 
he  was  sincerely  attached,  and  whose  death  he  was  called 
upon  to  mourn  whilst  struggling  amidst  pecuniary  embar 
rassments.  The  mourner,  however,  did  not  absolutely  re 
fuse  consolation. 

"  His  biographers  seem  to  have  been  shy  of  disclosing  that,  after 
the  death  of  this  charming  woman,  he  married  her  maid.  And 
yet  the  act  was  not  so  discreditable  to  his  character  as  it  may  sound. 
The  maid  had  few  personal  charms,  but  was  an  excellent  creature, 
devotedly  attached  to  her  mistress,  and  almost  broken-hearted  for 
her  loss.  In  the  first  agonies  of  his  own  grief,  which  approached 
to  frenzy,  he  found  no  relief  but  from  weeping  along  with  her; 
nor  solace,  when  a  degree  calmer,  but  in  talking  of  the  angel  they 
mutually  regretted.  This  made  her  his  habitual  confidential  asso 
ciate,  and  in  process  of  time  he  began  to  think  he  could  not  give 
his  children  a  tenderer  mother,  or  secure  for  himself  a  more  faith 
ful  housekeeper  and  nurse.  At  least  this  was  what  he  told  his 
friends ;  and  it  is  certain  that  her  conduct  as  his  wife  confirmed  it, 
and  fully  justified  his  good  opinion." — Letters  and  Works  of  Lady 
Mary  Wortky  Montagu.  Edited  by  Lord  Wharndiffe.  Introduc. 
Anecdotes. 

In  1745  Fielding  supported  the  government  in  The  True 
Patriot,  and  in  1748  conducted  a  periodical  of  the  same 
character,  entitled  The  Jacobite's  Journal.  When  43  years 
of  age,  he  received  the  appointment  of  a  Justice  of  the 
Peace  for  the  county  of  Middlesex,  and  retained  this  post 
until  within  a  short  time  of  his  death.  He  seems,  from  his 
knowledge  both  of  law  and  criminal  character,  to  have 
been  admirably  adapted  to  this  troublesome  office,  and 
evinced  a  laudable  zeal  for  the  public  interest  by  publish 
ing  An  Inquiry  into  the  causes  of  the  late  increase  of  Rob 
bers,  1751,  and  a  Proposal  for  making  an  Effectual  Pro 
vision  for  the  Poor,  for  amending  their  Morals,  and  for 
rendering  them  useful  Members  of  Society,  1753. 

"These  tracts,  having  been  written  by  the  most  eminent  of  Eng 
lish  novelists,  have  attracted  fully  as  much  attention  as  they  were 
entitled  to  on  account  of  their  intrinsic  merits.  The  first,  how 
ever,  is  written  with  great  force,  and  contains  various  statement  s 
and  reasonings  that  throw  a  great  deal  of  light  on  the  causes  of 
crime  and  pauperism,  and  on  the  state  of  the  London  poor  at  the 
time.  But,  like  most  other  writers  on  the  same  subject,  Fielding 
has  ascribed  far  too  much  to  legislative  and  police  arrangements, 
and  too  little  to  the  care  and  discretion  of  individuals."— McCul- 
loch's  Lit.  of  Polit.  Earn. 

The  last  service  he  rendered  to  the  public  in  his  official 
capacity  was  the  extirpation — by  the  approbation  of  go 
vernment,  who  placed  a  fund  of  £600  at  his  disposal  for 
the  purpose — of  several  gangs  of  thieves  and  highwaymen 
who  grievously  afflicted  the  good  citizens  of  London.  Al 
though  now  in  a  wretched  state  of  health,  he  contrived  for 
a  twelvemonth  to  edit  with  great  ability  a  new  semi- weekly 
periodical,  entitled  The  Covent-Garden  Journal,  which  be 
came  a  great  favourite  with  the  public.  In  1754  he  sailed 
for  Lisbon  for  the  benefit  of  his  health,  and  died  October  8, 
two  months  after  his  arrival,  in  the  48th  year  of  his  age. 
His  Journal  of  his  Voyage  was  pub.  in  1755,  12mo.  We 
have  already  stated  that  Fielding  never  enjoyed  much 
popularity  as  a  writer  for  the  stage. 

"  While  it  must  be  acknowledged  that  Fielding's  genius  was  not 
decidedly  dramatic,  it  was  something  that  he  escaped  disapproba 
tion,  though  he  was  at  times  received  with  indifference."— Koscoe's 
Life  of  Fielding. 

The  dates  of  his  dramatic  works  we  take  from  the  Biog. 
Dramat. :  1.  Love  in  several  Masks :  a  Com.,  1728.  2.  The 

591 


FIE 

Temple  Beau;  a  Com.,  1730.  3.  The  Author's  Farce,  1730. 
4.  The  Coffee-House  Politician ;  a  Com.,  1730.  5.  The  Tra 
gedy  of  Tragedies,  1731.  6.  The  Letter  Writers;  a  Farce, 
1731.  7.  The  Grub  Street  Opera,  1731.  8.  The  Lottery, 
a  Farce,  1731.  9.  The  Modern  Husband;  a  Com.,  1732. 
10.  The  Mock  Doctor ;  a  Com.  from  Moliere,  1732.  11.  The 
Covent-Garden  Tragedy;  a  Farce,  1732.  12.  The  Debau 
chees  ;  a  Com.,  1733.  13.  The  Miser ;  a  Com.  from  Plautus 
and  Moliere,  1733.  14.  The  Intriguing  Chambermaid;  a 
Com.,  1734.  15.  Don  Quixote  in  England;  a  Com.,  1766. 
16.  An  Old  Man  taught  Wisdom ;  a  Farce,  1734.  17.  The 
Universal  Gallant;  a  Coin.,  1735.  18.  Pasquin;  Dram. 
Satire,  1736.  19.  The  Historical  Register  for  the  Year 
1736 ;  a  Com.,  [1737.]  20.  Eurydice ;  a  Farce,  1735.  I 
21.  Eurydice  Hissed;  a  Farce,  1737.  22.  Tumble-Down  \ 
Dick  •  Dram.  Entert.,  1737.  23.  Miss  Lucy  in  Town  ;  a 
Farce,  1742.  24.  The  Wedding  Day;  a  Com.,  1743.  j 
25.  The  Fathers;  or  the  Good-Natured  Man;  a  Com.,  j 

1778,  8vo. 

"  His  dramatic  pieces,  every  one  of  which  is  comic,  are  far  from 
being  contemptible.  His  farces  and  ballad  pieces,  more  especially,  i 
have  a  sprightliness  of  manner,  and  a  forcibleness  of  character, 
by  which  it  is  impossible  to  avoid  being  agreeably  entertained : 
and  in  those  among  others  which  he  has  in  any  degree  borrowed 
from  Moliere,  or  any  other  writer,  he  has  done  his  original  great 
honour  and  justice,  by  the  manner  in  which  he  has  handled  the 
subject.'' — Biog.  Dramat. 

In  addition  to  the  works  already  noticed,  Fielding  pub. 
several  minor  pieces  upon  topics  of  a  temporary  character. 
Of  his  works  there  have  been  many  edits.  1.  Works,  with 
the  Life  of  the  Author,  1762,  4  vols.  4to.  2.  1762,  8  vols. 
8vo.  3.  1766,  12  vols.  4.  1767,  4  vols.  4to.  5.  1771,  8 
vols.  8vo.  6.  1775, 12  vols.  12mo.  7.  1783, 12  vols.  12mo. 
8.  With  an  Essay  on  his  Life  and  Genius,  by  Arthur  Mur 
phy,  1784,  10  vols.  8vo.  9.  1806,  10  vols.  8vo.  10.  1808, 
14  vols.  12mo.  11.  Select  Works,  1818,  5  vols.  8vo. 
12.  Works,  edited  by  Alex.  Chalmers,  Lou.,  1821,  10  vols. 
8vo.  13.  With  Life  and  Notice  of  his  Works,  by  Thomas 
Roscoe,  1840,  imp.  8vo.  14.  1843,  med.  8vo.  15.  1848, 
med.  8vo.  16.  1851,  imp.  8vo,  and  in  2  vols.  8vo. 

We  now  proceed  to  adduce  the  opinions  of  a  host  of 
eminent  authorities  respecting  those  works — his  three  no 
vels — by  which  Fielding  achieved  so  general  and  so  durable 
a  reputation.  As  a  great  artist,  indeed,  exquisitely  happy 
in  catching  and  transferring  to  his  canvas  those  features 
of  human  nature  which  must  always  interest,  because  im 
mediately  recognised  as  genuine  by  men  of  all  ages  and 


FIE 

mentalism,"  as  it  is  generally  denominated,  of  the  great 
novelist  of  the  day — Samuel  Richardson. 

"  While,  however,  it  is  highly  probable  that  he  had  Cervantes  in 
bis  eye,  it  is  certain  that  the  satiric  and  burlesque  portion  of  Joseph 
Andrews  was  suggested  to  him  by  the  perusal  of  Richardson's 
Pamela,  on  the  overwrought  refinement  and  strained  sentiment 
of  which  it  affords  a  humorous  commentary  in  the  adventures  of 
her  professed  brother,  the  hero.  Besides  its  intrinsic  wit  and  ex 
cellence  it  has  thus  a  twofold  attraction  in  the  comic  and  bur 
lesque  spirit  it  maintains  throughout,  in  the  same  way  as  the  ad 
ventures  of  the  Spanish  knight  and  his  squire,  however  ludicrous 
in  themselves,  are  relished  with  a  double  zest  from  the  contrast 
they  offer  to  the  dignified  bearing  and  marvellous  deeds  of  the  old 
Paladins.  How  exquisitely  Fielding  has  caught  the  humour,  as 
sumed  gravity,  and  delicate  satire  of  his  prototype,  they  who  have 
compared  the  two  master-pieces  will  readily  admit ;  and  that  he 
loses  nothing  in  point  of  originality."— THOMAS  ROSCOE:  Life  and 
Works  of  Henry  Fielding. 

The  elder  novelist  was  greatly  offended  at  what  he  very 
naturally  considered  an  unwarrantable  liberty. 

"Richardson  was  exceedingly  hurt  at  this;  the  more  so  as  they 
1  had  been  on  good  terms,  and  he  was  very  intimate  with  Fielding  s 
I  two  sisters.     He  never  appears  cordially  to  have  forgiven  it,  (per- 
haps  it  was  not  in  human  nature  he  should,)  and  he  always  speaks 
in  his  letters  with  a  great  deal  of  asperity  of  'Tom  Jones,'  more 
indeed  than  was  quite  graceful  in  a  rival  author.     No  doubt  he 
himself  thought  his  indignation  was  sorely  excited  by  the  loose 
;  morality  of  the  work  and  of  its  author,  but  he  could  tolerate  Cib- 
|  ber."— MRS.  BARBAULD:  Memoir  of  Fielding,  prefixed  to  his  Corre 
spondence. 

Mr.  Thackeray  appends  the  above  to  an  apology  for  what 
we  must  consider  indefensible. 

"Fielding,  no  doubt,  began  to  write  this  novel  in  ridicule  of 
Pamela,  for  which  work  one  can  understand  the  hearty  contempt 
and  antipathy  which  such  an  athletic  and  boisterous  genius  as 
Fielding's  must  have  entertained.  He  could  not  do  otherwise  than 
laugh  at  the  puny  cockney  bookseller,  pouring  out  endless  volumes 
of  sentimental  twaddle,  and  hold  him  up  to  scorn  as  a  moll-coddle 
and  a  milksop.  His  genius  had  been  nursed  on  sack-posset,  and 
not  on  dishes  of  tea.  His  muse  had  sung  the  loudest  in  tavern 
choruses;  had  seen  the  daylight  streaming  in  over  thousands  of 
emptied  bowls,  and  reeled  home  to  chambers  on  the  shoulders  of 
the  watchmen.  Richardson's  goddess  was  attended  by  old  maids 
and  dowagers,  and  fed  on  muffins  and  bohea.  'Milksop!'  roars 
Harry  Fielding,  clattering  at  the  timid  shop-shutters.  '  V>  retch . 
Monster!  Mohock!'  shrieks  the  sentimental  author  of  Pamela,  and 
all  the  ladies  of  his  court  cackle  out  an  affrighted  chorus."— Eng 
lish  Humourists  of  the  18th  Century. 

Neither  the  wit  nor  the  morality  of  these  lines  are  very 
discernible  to  us.  They  exhibit  two  of  the  prominent 
faults  of  an  otherwise  good  writer:  a  constant  disposition 
to  caricature,  and  an  ever-present  willingness  to  apologize 
for  men  of  loose  manners  and  dissipated  habits.  We  have 
often  listened  with  pleasure — indeed,  with  edification — to 


minds  of  all  grades,  Fielding  has  never  been  surpassed,  j  —  fkackeray's   moral   reflections  upon   the  Lives  and 
How  deeply  then  is  it  to  be  ^«*^^^J^™£^£j»     Works  of  the  departed  great,  but  we  soon  found  that  the 

summing  up  of  the  learned  judge  leaned  not  always  "  to 
virtue's  side ;"  and  if  the  literary  offender  happened  to  be 


sense  of  moral  responsibility,  he  delighted  chiefly  in  paint 
ing  the  least  refined,  least  elevated  characteristics  of  his 
species,  and  permitted  himself  to  stimulate  the  passions  to 


a  three-bottle  man,  we  entertained  no  apprehensions  for 


-..  ;  -  , 

the  excesses  of  vice,  instead  of  causing  those     passions  to  |  f  d  felfc       ite  confident  that  a  gentle  rebuke 

-~«  .*  ^  ----  „„*  nf  ™tn«»  !     Th«r«  «.r«  never  want-  ' 


_iove  at  the  command  of  virtue"  !  There  are  never  want 
ing  apologists,  indeed,  for  greater  transgressors  than  Henry 
Fielding ;  and  Coleridge,  whose  language  we  shall  presently 
quote,  would  have  considered  the  above  an  uncharitable 
verdict.  But  it  is  not  to  be  questioned  that  there  are  many 
passages  in  Joseph  Andrews,  Amelia,  and  Tom  Jones, 
which  a  licentious  taste  would  gladly  extend  for  the  same 
reasons  that  would  induce  amoral  censorship  to  have  them 
totally  expunged.  But  we  must  not  delay  our  promised 
citation  of  opinions. 

Those  who  are  inclined  to  think  us  too  rigid  in  this  judg 
ment,  should  remember  Fielding's  own  self-condemnatory 
verdict  upon  his  early  dramatic  writings : 

"  At  length,  repenting  frolic  flights  of  youth. 
Once  more  he  flies  to  Nature  and  to  Truth: 
In  virtue's  just  defence  aspires  to  fame, 
Nor  courts  applause  with  the  applauder's  shame." 

Prologue  to  The  Modern  Husband. 

Alas,  that  his  repentance  should  have  been  as  "the 
morning  cloud  and  the  early  dew" ! 

1.  The  Adventures  of  Joseph  Andrews,  published  in  1742. 
This  work,  Dr.  Warton  informs  us,  was  "  valued  by  Field 
ing  above  all  his  writings."  The  Doctor  adds,  "as  he 
justly  may." —  Wooll's  Life  of  Warton.  But  we  imagine 
that  few  will  coincide  with  this  judgment.  Fielding  him 
self  tells  us  that  it  was  intended  for  an  imitation  of  the 
style  and  manner  of  Cervantes. 

"  How  delightfully  he  has  copied  the  humour,  the  gravity,  and 
the  fine  ridicule  of  his  master,  they  can  witness  who  are  acquainted 
with  both  writers." — ARTHUR  MURPHY. 

Both  Chalmers  and  Warton  dissent  from  this  opinion, 
and  consider  "  Fielding's  ridicule  of  a  very  different  species 
from  that  of  the  Spanish  novelist."  But  Dr.  Aikin  also 
refers  to  "  the  grave  Cervantie  style,  adopted  in  the  novel 
of  Joseph  Andrews."  However  this  may  be,  there  is  no 
doubt  at  all  that  Fielding  intended  to  ridicule  the  "  senti- 


calculated  to  depopulate  the  tables  of  Lucullus, 
would  be  the  extent  of  his  punishment. 

Even  the  displeasure  of  Richardson  did  not  prevent 
Joseph  Andrews  from  immediately  finding  a  host  of  read 
ers.  The  faithful  subjects  of  the  great  master  were  not 
proof  against  the  fascinations  of  good  Parson  Adams  and 
the  unfortunate  Leonora;  and  those  who  had  been  charmed 
with  the  character  of  Pamela,  were  equally  delighted  with 
the  unsophisticated  virtue  of  her  worthy  brother,  the  ex 
cellent  Joseph  Andrews.  We  may  be  allowed  to  surmise 
that  many  of  Richardson's  adherents,  whilst  indignant  at 
the  ridicule  cast  upon  their  leader,  yet  could  not  but  se 
cretly  propound  to  themselves  the  question  which  Sir  Wal 
ter  Scott  openly  proposes : 

"  How  can  we  wish  that  undone  without  which  Parson  Adams 
would  not  have  existed?" 

The  book  became  a  general  favourite  with  all  classes  ot 
readers,  and  equally  engrossed  the  literary  half-hour  of 
the  studious  mechanic  and  the  interval  between  the  Latin 
and  Greek  of  the  erudite  gownsman.  The  tea-party  of  the 
tradesman  sympathized  with  the  perils  of  the  lovely  Fanny, 
and  West  writes  to  the  classic  Gray: 

"I  rejoice  you  found  amusement  in  Joseph  Andrews." 
2.  History  of  Tom  Jones,  a  Foundling;  published  1749. 
The  foundation  of  this  work  was  laid  by  Fielding  while  in 
the  midst  of  the  excitement  of  political  partnership,  and  it 
was  concluded  in  such  intervals  as  he  could  snatch  from 
the  annoyances  inseparable  from  the  commencement  of  a 
career  of  magisterial  duty.  Yet  under  such  heavy  discou 
ragements  did  Fielding  construct  one  of  the  most  elaborate 
of  plots,  developed  by  an  astonishing  variety  of  characters  : 
"No  author  has  introduced  a  greater  diversity  of  character,  or 
displayed  them  more  fully,  or  in  more  various  attitudes.  All- 
worthv  is  the  most  amiable  picture  in  the-  world  of  a  man  who 
does  honour  to  his  species.  In  his  own  heart  he  finds  constant 
propensities  to  the  most  generous  and  benevolent  of  actions,  an 


FIE 


FIE 


his  understanding  conducts  him  with  discretion  in  the  perform 
ance  of  whatever  his  goodness  suggests  to  him.  And  though  it  is 
apparent  that  the  author  laboured  at  this  portrait  con  amore,  and 
meant  to  offer  it  to  mankind  as  a  just  object  of  imitation,  he  has 
soberly  restrained  himself  within  the  bounds  of  probability ;  nay, 
it  may  be  said  of  strict  truth ;  as,  in  the  general  opinion,  he  is  sup 
posed  to  have  copied  here  the  features  of  a  worthy  character  still 
in  being." — ARTHUR  MDRPHY. 

The  "  worthy  character"  here  alluded  to  was  Ralph  Allen, 
of  Prior  Park,  the  "  Man  of  Bath,"  the  friend  of  Pope  and 
Warburton,  celebrated  in  the  well-known  lines  of  the 
former : 

"  Let  humble  Allen,  with  an  awkward  shame, 
Do  good  by  stealth,  and  blush  to  find  it  fame." 

"Although  in  this,  as  well  as  in  other  writings  of  the  author, 
the  scenes  are  chiefly  drawn  from  low  life,  and  display  too  much 
of  the  vices  and  crimes  of  mankind,  yet  they  are  relieved  by  con 
siderable  admixture  of  nobler  matter,  and  contain  many  affecting 
pictures  of  moral  excellence.  Indeed,  it  cannot  be  doubted  the 
writer's  intentions  were  to  favour  the  cause  of  virtue ;  and  pro 
bably  the  majority  of  readers,  judging  from  their  feelings  in  the 
perusal,  will  pronounce  that  he  has  effected  his  purpose.  A  rigid 
moralist  will  object  to  him  the  common  fault  of  many  writers  of 
fiction,  that  of  sheltering  gross  deviations  from  rectitude  of  con 
duct  under  that  vague  goodness  of  heart  which  is  so  little  to  be 
relied  on  as  the  guide  of  life ;  yet  he  has  not  been  inattentive  to 
poetical  justice  in  making  misfortune  the  constant  concomitant 
of  vice,  though  perhaps  he  has  not  nicely  adjusted  the  degree  of 
punishment  to  the  crime." — DR.  AIKIN. 

Dr.  Beattie  can  hardly  find  terms  sufficiently  expressive 
to  convey  to  the  world  his  admiration  of  the  management 
of  the  plot  of  Tom  Jones : 

"  Since  the  days  of  Homer  the  world  has  not  seen  a  more  artful 
epic  fable.  The  characters  and  adventures  are  wonderfully  diversi 
fied  ;  yet  the  circumstances  are  all  so  natural,  and  rise  so  easily 
from  one  another,  and  co-operate  with  so  much  regularity  in  bring 
ing  on,  even  while  they  seem  to  retard,  the  catastrophe,  that  the 
curiosity  of  the  reader  is  always  kept  awake,  and,  instead  of  flag 
ging,  grows  more  and  more  impatient  as  the  story  advances,  till 
at  last  it  becomes  downright  anxiety.  And  when  we  get  to  the 
end,  and  look  back  on  the  whole  contrivance,  we  are  amazed  to 
find  that  of  so  many  incidents  there  should  be  so  tew  superfluous; 
that  in  such  a  variety  of  fiction  there  should  be  so  great  a  proba 
bility  ;  and  that  so  complex  a  tale  should  be  so  perspicuously  con 
ducted,  and  with  perfect  unity  of  design." 

With  reference  to  Dr.  Seattle's  introduction  of  the  name 
of  Homer,  we  may  remark  that  Lord  Byron  styles  Fielding 
the  "Prose  Homer  of  human  nature." 

"  In  Tom  Jones,  his  greatest  work,  the  artful  conduct  of  the 
fable,  and  the  subserviency  of  all  the  incidents  to  the  winding  up 
of  the  whole,  deserve  much  praise." — Dr.  Blair's  Lectures  on  Rhe 
toric  and  Belles-Lettres. 

"  Manners  change  from  generation  to  generation,  and  with  man 
ners  morals  appear  to  change — actually  change  with  some — but 
appear  to  change  with  all  but  the  abandoned.  A  young  man  of 
the  present  day  who  should  act  as  Tom  Jones  is  supposed  to  act 
at  Upton  with  Lady  Bellaston,  Ac.,  would  not  be  a  Tom  Jones; 
and  a  Tom  Jones  of  the  present  day,  without,  perhaps,  being  in 
the  ground  a  better  man,  would  have  perished  rather  than  sub 
mit  to  be  kept  by  a  harridan  of  fortune.  Therefore  this  novel  is, 
and  indeed  pretends  to  be,  no  example  of  conduct.  But,  notwith 
standing  all  this,  I  do  loathe  the  cant  which  can  recommend  '  Pa 
mela'  and  '  Clarissa  Harlowe'  as  strictly  moral,  although  they  poi 
son  the  imagination  of  the  young  with  continual  doses  of  tinct. 
lytUf,  while  Tom  Jones  is  prohibited  as  loose.  I  do  not  speak  of 
young  women ;  but  a  young  man  whose  heart  or  feelings  can  be 
injured,  or  even  his  passions  excited,  by  this  novel,  is  already  tho 
roughly  corrupt.  There  is  a  cheerful,  sunshiny,  breezy  spirit  that 
prevails  everywhere,  strongly  contrasted  with  the  close,  day- 
dreamy  continuity  of  Richardson." — S.  T.  COLERIDGE:  Literary 
Remains. 

"Our  popular  novels  are  even  translated  into  Spanish.  'Tom 
Jones,'  indeed,  has  long  been  a  favourite  in  Spain.  It  may  be  re 
marked,  thus  the  mosUntensely  natural  works  acquire  the 'high 
est  reputation." — HARTLEY  COLERIDGE. 

"As  a  picture  of  manners,  the  novel  of  'Tom  Jones'  is  indeed 
exquisite;  as  a  work  of  construction,  quite  a  wonder:  the  by-play 
of  wisdom:  the  power  of  observation,  the  multiplied  felicitous 
turns  and  thoughts,  the  varied  character  of  the  great  Comic  Epic, 
keep  the  reader  in  a  perpetual  admiration  and  curiosity.  But 
against  Mr.  Thomas  Jones  himself  we  have  a  right  to  put  in  a 
protest,  and  quarrel  with  the  esteem  the  author  evidently  has  for 
that  character.  Charles  Lamb  says  finely  of  Jones,  that  a  sinsle 
hearty  laugh  from  him  '  clears  the  air1— but  that  it  is  in  a  certain 
state  of  the  atmosphere."—  Thackeray's  Humorists  of  the  ISth  Cen 
tury,  q.  v. 

"  His  Tom  Jones  is  quite  unrivalled  in  plot,  and  is  to  be  rivalled 
only  in  his  own  works  for  felicitous  delineation  of  character." — 
Talfourd's  Miscel.  WHtinffs. 

"  In  Tom  Jones.  Fielding  has  comprehended  a  larger  variety  of 
incidents  and  characters  under  a  stricter  unity  of  story  than  in 
Joseph  Andrews ;  but  he  has  given  to  the  whole  a  tone  of  worldli- 
ness  which  does  not  mar  the  delightful  simplicity  of  the  latter. 
As  an  expression  of  the  power  and  breadth  of  his  mind,  however, 
it  is  altogether  his  greatest  work;  and,  in  the  union  of  distinct 
pictorial  representation  with  profound  knowledge  of  practical 
life,  is  unequalled  by  any  novel  in  the  language."— EDWIW  P 
WHIPPLE  :  Essays  and  Reviews. 

Dr.  Johnson,  in  a  conversation  to  be  quoted  hereafter 
declared : 

"  Sir,  there  is  more  knowledge  of  the  heart  in  one  letter  of  Rich- 
krdson's  than  in  all  Tom  Jones." 


But  Fielding's  admirers  do  not  conceive  this  to  have 
been  an  impartial  judgment.  We  may  properly  conclude 
our  citation  of  opinions  of  this  remarkable  work  by  the 
eloquent  tribute  of  a  writer  as  highly  distinguished  in  the 
field  of  historic  investigation  as  the  author  of  Tom  Jones 
was  in  the  walks  of  fiction  : 

'•The  nobility  of  the  Spensers  has  been  illustrated  and  enriched 
by  the  trophies  of  Marlborough,  but  I  exhort  them  to  consider  the 
Faery  Queen  as  the  most  precious  jewel  of  their  coronet.  Our  im 
mortal  Fielding  was  of  the  younger  branch  of  the  Earls  of  Den 
bigh,  who  drew  their  origin  from  the  Counts  of  Hapsburg,  the 
lineal  descendants  of  Eltrico,  in  the  seventh  century,  Dukes  of 
Alsace.  Far  different  have  been  the  fortunes  of  the  English  and 
German  divisions  of  the  family  of  Hapsburg.  The  former,  the 
knights  and  sheriffs  of  Leicestershire,  have  slowly  risen  to  the 
dignity  of  a  peerage ;  the  latter,  the  Emperors  of  Germany  and 
Kings  of  Spain,  have  threatened  the  liberty  of  the  Old  and  in 
vaded  the  treasures  of  the  New  World.  The  successors  of  Charles 
V.  may  disdain  their  brethren  of  England ;  but  the  romance  of 
'  Tom  Jones,'  that  exquisite  picture  of  human  manners,  will  out 
live  the  palace  of  the  Escurial  and  the  imperial  eagle  of  Austria." 
— GIBBON. 

3.  Amelia;  published  in  1751. 

"In  point  of  general  excellence  'Amelia'  has  commonly  been 
considered,  no  less  by  critics,  perhaps,  than  by  the  public,  as  deci 
dedly  inferior  to  '  Tom  Jones.'  In  variety  and  invention  it  assu 
redly  is  so.  Its  chief  merit  depends  less  on  its  artful  and  elabo 
rate  construction  than  on  the  interesting  series  it  presents  of 
domestic  paintings,  drawn,  as  we  have  remarked,  from  his  own 
family  history.  It  has  more  pathos,  more  moral  lessons,  with  far 
less  vigour  and  humour,  than  either  of  its  predecessors.  But  we 
agree  with  Chalmers,  that  those  who  have  seen  much  of  the  errors 
and  distresses  of  domestic  life  will  probably  feel  that  the  author's 
colouring  in  this  work  is  more  just,  as  well  as  more  chaste,  than 
in  any  of  his  other  novels.  The  appeals  to  the  heart  are  far  more 
forcible." — THOMAS  ROSCOE  :  Life  and  Works  of  Henry  Fielding. 

With  reference  to  Fielding's  having  drawn  from  his  do 
mestic  history,  in  the  pages  of  Amelia,  his  celebrated  kins 
woman,  Lady  Mary  Wortley  Montagu,  thus  discourses  in 
a  letter  written  shortly  before  the  death  of  the  novelist: 

"  H.  Fielding  has  given  a  true  picture  of  himself  and  his  first 
wife  in  the  characters  of  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Sooth,  some  compliments  to 
his  own  figure  excepted ;  and  I  am  persuaded  several  of  the  inci 
dents  he  mentions  are  real  matters  of  fact.  I  wonder  he  does  not 
perceive  that  Tom  Jones  and  Mr.  Booth  are  sorry  scoundrels." — 
Letters  and  Works,  edited  by  Lord  Wharncliffe. 

Lady  Mary's  remark  relative  to  his  figure  may  appro 
priately  introduce  a  brief  description  of  his  outward  man  : 

"  With  regard  to  his  personal  appearance.  Fielding  was  strongly 
built,  robust,  and  in  height  rather  exceeding  six  feet.  He  was 
also  remarkably  active,  till  repeated  attacks  of  the  gout  had  broken 
down  the  vigour  of  a  fine  constitution.  Naturally  of  a  dignified 
presence,  he  was  equally  impressive  in  his  tone  and  manner, 
which,  added  to  his  peculiarly  marked  features,  his  conversational 
powers,  and  rare  wit,  must  have  given  him  a  decided  influence  in 
general  society,  and  not  a  little  ascendency  over  the  minds  of  com 
mon  men." — THOMAS  ROSCOE  :  Life  and  Works  of  Henry  Fielding. 

To  return  to  "  Amelia  :"Richardson  flattered  himself  that 
this  last  publication  would  prove  the  death-knell  of  his 
rival's  fame ;  and  he  remarks,  in  a  letter  to  his  own  enthu 
siastic  admirer,  Mrs.  Donellan  : 

"  Captain  Booth,  madam,  has  done  his  business.  Mr.  Fielding 
has  over-written  himself,  or  rather  under-written,  and,  in  his  own 
journal,  seems  ashamed  of  his  last  piece,  and  has  promised  that 
the  same  muse  shall  write  no  more  for  him.  His  piece,  in  short, 
is  as  dead  as  if  it  had  been  published  forty  years  ago,  as  to  sale. 
You  guess  I  have  not  read  'Amelia  ?'  Indeed  I  have  read  but  the 
first  volume." 

Yet  Amelia  met  with  immediate  and  great  success : 

"  Fielding's  Amelia  was  perhaps  the  only  book  of  which,  being 
printed  off  betimes  one  morning,  a  new  edition  was  called  for 
before  night." — DR.  JOHNSON. 

We  know  that  the  stern  moralist  himself  read  the  book 
through  without  stopping,  and  • 

"Johnson  appears  to  have  been  particularly  pleased  with  the 
character  of  the  heroine  of  this  novel,  and  said  Fielding's  Amelia 
was  the  most  pleasing  heroine  of  all  the  romances." — MALONE. 

"I  admire  the  author  of  'Amelia,'  and  thank  the  kind  master 
who  introduced  me  to  that  sweet  and  delightful  companion  and 
friend.  Amelia,  perhaps,  is  not  a  better  story  than  'Tom  Jones,' 
but  it  has  the  better  ethics:  the  prodigal  repents,  at  least,  before 
forgiveness;  whereas,  that  odious,  broad-backed  Mr.  Jones  carries 
off  his  beauty  with  scarce  an  interval  of  remorse  for  his  manifold 
errors  and  short-comings,  and  is  not  half  punished  enough  before 
the  great  prize  of  fortune  and  love  falls  to  his  share.  I  am  angry 
with  Jones.  Too  much  of  the  plum-cake  and  rewards  of  life  fall 
to  that  boisterous,  swaggering  young  scapegrace.  Sophia  actually 
surrenders  without  a  proper  sense  of  decorum— the  fond,  foolish, 
palpitating  little  creature !  '  Indeed,  Mr.  Jones,'  she  says, '  it  rests 
with  you  to  appoint  the  day.'  I  suppose  Sophia  is  draw'n  from  the 
life,  as  well  as  Amelia:  and  many  a  young  fellow,  no  better  than 
Mr.  Thomas  Jones,  has  carried,  by  a  coup  de  main,  the  heart  of 
many  a  kind  girl  who  was  a  great  deal  too  good  for  him."—  Thacke 
ray's  English  Humorists  of  the  18th  Century. 

"Of  all  his  novels,  it  leaves  the  finest  impression  of  quiet,  do 
mestic  delight,  of  the  sweet  home  feeling,  and  the  humanities  con 
nected  with  it.  We  have  not  the  glad  spring  or  the  glowing  sum 
mer  of  his  genius,  but  its  autumnal  mellowness  and  mitigated 
sunshine,  with  something  of  the  thoughtfulness  befitting  the  sea 
son."— EDWIN  P.  WHIPPLE  :  Essays  and  Reviews. 

We  conclude  our  article,  which  we  know  not  well  how 

593 


FIE 


FIE 


•u         t  Tetir,     !  think  the  CEdipus  Tyrannus,  the  Alchemist,  and  Tom  Jones,  the 
to  shorten,  by  quoting  the  opinions  of  a  number  of  distin-      *«£  tne        p        y^  ^,  ed;  and  hw  charmin^  now 

guished  writers  upon  the  literary  characteristics  of  the 
great  English  novelist: 

«  We  have  another  writer  of  those  imaginary  histories,  one  who 
has  not  long  since  descended  to  these  regions.    His  name  is  *  leld- 
jng,  and  his  works,  as  I  have  heard  the  best  judges  say,  have  a 
„  or,;-?*  nf  ^nmoAv  «nrt  an  pvact  rpnresentation  ot  nature,  witn 


true  spirit  of  comedy,  and  an  exact  represent 
fine  moral  touches.  He  has  not,  indeed,  given  lessons  of  pure 
and  consummate  virtue,  but  has  exposed  vice  and  meanness 
with  all  the  powers  of  ridicule."— LOED  LYTTELTON:  Dwtogws  of 

Lord  Lyttelton,  after  mentioning  some  particulars  of 
Pope,  Swift,  and  other  literary  characters  of  that  day,  when 
Fielding's  name  was  pronounced,  remarked : 

"  Henry  Fielding  had  more  wit  and  humour  than  all  the  per 
sons  we  have  been  speaking  of  put  together." 

Fielding's  early  attempts  at  dramatic  authorship  were 
greatly  ridiculed  by  the  wits  then  in  the  ascendant;  and 
Swift  compares  the  young  author,  not  in  the  most  compli 
mentary  manner  in  the  world,  with  Wellsted— no  "bright 
particular  star:" 

"  For  instance,  when  you  rashly  think 
No  rhymer  can  with  Wellsted  sink, 
His  merits  balanc'd,  you  shall  find 
That  Fielding  leaves  him  far  behind." 
Upon  which  Dr.  Warton  remarks : 

"  Little  did  Swift  imagine  that  this  very  Fielding  would  here 
after  equal  him  in  works  of  humour,  and  excel  him  in  drawing 
and  supporting  characters,  ancfin  the  artful  conduct  and  plan  of 
a  comic  epopee." 

Few  critics  have  been  so  sparing  of  their  compliments 
to  contemporary  writers  as  the  great  authority  to  be  next 
quoted : 

"Monsieur  de  Marivaux,  in  France,  and  Henry  Fielding,  in 
England,  stand  the  foremost  among  those  who  have  given  a  faith 
ful  and  chaste  copy  of  life  and  manners,  and.  by  enriching  their 
romance  with  the  best  part  of  the  comic  art,  may  be  said  to  have 
brought  it  to  perfection."— BISHOP  WARBURTOX. 

"  The  genius  of  Cervantes  was  transfused  into  the  novels  of 
Fielding,  who  painted  the  characters  and  ridiculed  the  follies  of 
life  with  equal  strength,  humour,  and  propriety." — SMOLLETT. 

Sir  Walter  Scott,  whom  we  shall  again  have  occasion  to 
quote,  thus  combines  the  names  of  Fielding  and  Smollett: 
"  Smollett  and  Fielding  were  so  eminently  successful  as  novel 
ists,  that  no  other  English  author  of  that  class  has  a  right  to  be 
mentioned  in  the  same  breath.  We  readily  grant  to  Smollett  an 
equal  rank  with  his  great  rival,  Fielding— while  we  place  both  far 
above  any  of  their  successors  in  the  same  line  of  fictitious  compo 
sition.  Perhaps  no  books  ever  written  excited  such  peals  of  in 
extinguishable  laughter  as  those  of  Smollett." 

"I  go  to  Sterne  for  the  feelings  of  nature;  Fielding  for  its  vices; 
Johnson  for  a  knowledge  of  the  workings  of  its  powers ;  and  Shaks- 
peare  for  every  thing."— ABERNETHY. 

"  The  cultivated  genius  of  Fielding  entitles  him  to  a  high  rank 
among  the  classics.  His  works  exhibit  a  series  of  pictures  drawn 
with  all  the  descriptive  fidelity  of  a  Hogarth.  They  are  highly 
entertaining,  and  will  always  be  read  with  pleasure."— Dr.  Vicesi- 
tnus  Knox's  Essays. 

"  Mr.  Fielding's  Novels  are  highly  distinguished  for  their  hu 
mour;  a  humour  which,  if  not  of  the  most  refined  and  delicate 


,holesome  Fielding  always  is!  to  take  him  up  after  Richardson  is 
ike  emerging  from  a  sick-rooin,  heated  by  stoves,  into  an  open  lawn 
on  a  breezy  day  in  May."— S.  T.  COLERIDGE. 

Hartley  Coleridge,  when  speaking  of  Massinger's  habit  of 
getting  into  a  passion  with  his  bad  characters,"  remarks: 
It  is  a  fault  which  nowhere  occurs  in  Homer,  Cervantes,  Shak- 


speare,  the  great  and  true  dramatists,  and  very  seldom  in  Fielding 
and  Sir  Walter  Scott." 

But  it  is  time  that  we  had  quoted  the  tribute  of  Sir  Walter 
to  the  illustrious  predecessor  with  whom  he  has  just  been 
named : 

"  Fielding  is  the  first  of  the  British  Novelists.  His  name  is  im 
mortal  as  a  painter  of  natural  manners.  Of  all  the  works  of  ima 
gination  to  which  English  genius  has  given  origin,  his  writing* 
are  most  decidedly  her  own;  all  the  actors  in  his  narrative  live  in 
England,  travel  in  England,  quarrel  and  fight  in  England;  and 
scarce  an  incident  occurs,  without  its  being  marked  by  something 
which  could  not  well  have  happened  in  any  other  country.  In  his 
powers  of  strong  and  natural  humour,  and  forcible  yet  natural  ex 
hibition  of  character,  the  Father  of  the  English  Novel  has  not  yet 
been  approached  even  by  his  most  successful  followers.  He  is, 
indeed,  as  Byron  terms  him — 

'  The  prose  Homer  of  human  nature.' " 

It  is  no  slight  evidence  of  the  great  popularity  of  Field 
ing,  that  in  so  many  cases  the  incidental  introduction  of 
an  author's  name  gives  us  occasion  to  quote  the  opinion  of 
such  author  upon  the  merits  of  the  subject  of  our  pen.  We 
find  Smollett  and  Fielding  compared,  and  we  are  reminded 
that  Smollett  left  us  his  estimate  of  the  genius  of  Fielding. 
Again  we  find  that  Swift  has  made  Fielding  the  "butt  of 
his  clumsy  ridicule,"  and  we  must  repeat  what  Dr.  Warton 
says  of  both.  The  names  of  Scott  and  Fielding  are  com 
bined,  and  we  recollect  Sir  Walter's  eloquent  tribute  to  his 
great  predecessor.  Scott  quotes  Byron,  and  we  feel  that 
our  duty  will  not  be  discharged  without  quoting  Byron 
further  on  the  same  suggestive  theme : 

"  There  now  are  no  Squire  Westerns  as  of  old, 
And  our  Sophias  are  not  so  emphatic, 
But  fair  as  them  or  fairer  to  behold." 

Don  Juan,  c.  xiii.  s.  110. 

A  critic  of  our  own  day,  of  great  eminence,  seems  to 
have  shared  in  Byron's  feeling  of  familiar  acquaintance 
with  the  dramatis  personce  of  these  memorable  novels  : 

"  What  a  wonderful  art,  what  an  admirable  gift  of  nature,  was 
it  by  which  the  author  of  these  tales  was  endowed,  and  which  en 
abled  him  to  fix  our  interest,  to  waken  our  sympathy,  to  seize  upon 
our  credulity,  so  that  we  believe  in  his  people— speculate  gravely 
upon  their  faults  or  their  excellencies,  prefer  this  one  or  that,  de 
plore  Jones's  fondness  for  drink  and  play,  Booth's  fondness  for 
play  and  drink,  and  the  unfortunate  position  of  the  wives  of  both 
gentlemen;  we  all  admire  those  ladies  with  all  our  hearts,  and 
talk  about  them  as  faithfully  as  if  we  had  breakfasted  with  them 
this  morning  in  their  actual  drawing-room,  or  should  meet  them 
this  afternoon  in  the  Park !"— Thackeray's  Eng.  Hum.  of  the  IStfi 

The  reader  must  peruse  for  himself  the  Essay  on  the  Life 
and  Works  of  Fielding,  prefixed  to  the  Works  of  the  latter, 


by  THOMAS  RoscOE  ,  ~  an,e,  notice  of  editions.     We  can 

he  draws  are  lively  and  natural,  and  marked  with  the  strokes  of  a  I  make  room  for  a  short  extract  only  from  this  well-written 
bold  pencil.    The  general  scope  of  his  stories  is  favourable  to  hu-     compOsition  : 

inanity  and  goodness  of  heart."—  DR.  BLAIR:  Lectures  on  Rhetoric        «  How  far  Richardson  was  inferior  to  his  great  rival  in  the  lead- 
end  Belles-Lettres.  \  \nK  characteristics  of  novel-writing,  and  in  none  more  than  in 

"  They  are  splendid  emanations  of  art,  and  artistical,  as  the  critic  I  naturai  an(j  true  portraiture  of  character  and  manners,  the  differ- 
Ooethe  correctly  expresses  it,  in  the  true  sense  of  the  word."  ent  popuiar  nght  in  which  they  are  regarded  affords,  perhaps,  the 

"  ountr     and  will  '  o- 


Fielding  will  forever  remain  the  delight  of  his  country,  and  will 


guregt  criterion.    While  Fielding  continues  to  rank  with  the  '  fore- 
most  men  of  all  tne  world,'  with  Homer,  Cervantes,  Shakspeare, 


always  retain  his  place  in  the  libraries  of  Europe,  notwithstanding 

the  unfortunate  grossness,  —  the  mark  of  an  uncultivated  taste,  —  j  jn  ^  highest  rank  of  genius,  the  long,  wearisome,  thrice-elabo- 

which  if  not  yet  entirely  excluded  from  conversation,  has  been  for  j  rated  productions  of  Richardson  are  a  dead  weight,  and  sleep  un- 

some  time  banished  from  our  writings,  where,  during  the  best  age  ;  disturbed  upon  their  shelves.    Only  for  a  moment  contrast  the 


iany  re^J>™  &  fund  of  ^  humourj  and  was  ^  ^  pitjed  |      We  find  a  similar  judgment  expressed  by  a  late  eminent 

"  When  we  read  Fielding's  novels  after  those  of  Richardson,  we 
feel  as  if  a  stupendous  pressure  were  removed  from  our  souls.  We 
seem  suddenly  to  have  left  a  palace  of  enchantment,  where  we 


at  his  first  entrance  into  the  world,  having  no  choice,  as  he  said 
himself,  but  to  be  a  hackney-writer,  or  a  hackney-coachman.  His 
genius  deserved  a  better  fate;  but  I  cannot  help  blaming  that  con 
tinued  indiscretion,  to  give  it  the  softest  name,  that  has  run  through 


vinuea indiscretion, togiveii inesoiresi name, iimiuiw  n-uugu     seem  suddenly  to  have  lelt  a  palace  01  encnammeui,  wue 

his  life,  and  I  am  afraid  still  remains.  .  .  .  Since  I  was  born,  no  |  ^&ve  passed  through  long  galleries  filled  with  the  most  gorgeous 
original  has  appeared  excepting  Congreve  and  Fielding,  who  would,  i  jmaKeg  and  illumined  by  a  light  not  quite  human  nor  yet  quite 
I  believe,  have  approached  nearer  to  his  excellencies,  if  not  forced  djvine  jnto  the  fresh  air,  and  the  common  ways  of  this  'bright 

and  breathing  world.'  We  travel  on  the  high-road  of  humanity, 
yet  meet  in  it  pleasanter  companions,  and  catch  more  delicious 
snatches  of  refreshment,  than  ever  we  can  hope  elsewhere  to  enjoy. 
— TALFOURD  :  New  Month.  Mag. 

We  can  form  some  faint  idea  of  the  growl  of  indignation, 
and  the  torrent  of  invective,  with  which  gruff  old  Johnson 


by  his  necessities  to  publish  without  correction,  and  throw  many 
productions  into  the  world  he  would  have  thrown  to  the  fire,  if 
meat  could  have  been  got  without  money,  or  money  without  scrib 
bling.  .  .  .  There  was  a  great  similitude  between  his  [Fielding's] 
character  and  that  of  Sir  Richard  Steele.  He  had  the  advantage 
both  in  learning  and,  in  my  opinion,  in  genius;  they  both  agreed 

in  wanting  money,  in  spite  of  all  their  friends,  arid  would  have  , r         i, 

wanted  it  if  their  hereditary  lands  had  been  as  extensive  as  their  would  have  chastised  the  utterers  of  such  comparisons  as 
imagination;  yet  each  of  them  was  so  formed  for  happiness,  it  is  we  have  just  quoted.  And,  indeed,  as  Fielding  has  had  it 
pity  he  was  not  immortal.  .  .  .  His  [Fielding's]  happy  constitution  j  11  h;g  own  wfty  for  some  time,  it  is  only  fair,  and  will  be 

tlished  it)  made  him  j 
tv  or  over  a  ! 

P1"  iTSways  appeared  to  me  that  he  estimated  the  compositions 
of  Richardson  too  highly,  and  that  he  had  an  unreasonable  preju 
dice  against  Fielding.  In  comparing  those  two  writers,  be  used 
this  expression :  '  that  there  was  as  great  a  difference  between  them, 


rS%t^tS±^2i^S1l  j  perhaps  agreeable  relief  to  the  reader,  to  show  "the  other 
flask  of  champagne;  and  I  am  persuaded  he  knew  more  happy 
moments  than  any  prince  upon  earth.    His  natural  spirits  gave 
him  rapture  with  a  cookmaid,  and  cheerfulness  when  he  was  starv 
ing  in  a  garret." — LADY  MARY  WORTLEY  MONTAGXJ. 
"  What  a  master  of  composition  Fielding  was !  upon  my  word  I 


594 


FIE 


FIL 


as  between  a  man  who  knew  how  a  watch  was  made,  and  a  man 
who  could  tell  the  hour  by  looking  on  the  dial-plate.'  This  was  a 
short  and  figurative  statement  of  his  distinction  between  drawing 
characters  of  nature  and  characters  only  of  manners.  .  .  .  Field 
ing  being  mentioned,  Johnson  exclaimed,  'He  was  a  blockhead;' 
and  upon  my  expressing  my  astonishment  at  so  strange  an  asser 
tion,  he  said,  '  What  I  mean  by  his  being  a  blockhead  is,  that  he 
was  a  barren  rascal.'  BOSWELL  :  '  Will  you  not  allow,  sir,  that  he 
draws  very  natural  pictures  of  human  life  ?'  JOHNSON  :  '  Why,  sir, 
it  is  of  very  low  life.  Richardson  used  to  say  that,  had  he  not 
known  who  Fielding  was,  he  should  have  believed  he  was  an  ostler. 
Sir,  there  is  more  knowledge  of  the  heart  in  one  letter  of  Richard- 
eon's,  than  in  all  Tom  Jones.  I,  indeed,  never  read  Joseph  An-  j 
drews.'  ERSKINE  :  '  Surely,  sir,  Richardson  is  very  tedious.'  JOHN- 
BON  :  '  Why,  sir,  if  you  were  to  read  Richardson  for  the  story,  your 
impatience  would  be  so  much  fretted  that  you  would  hang  your 
self.  But  you  must  read  him  for  the  sentiment,  and  consider  the 
story  as  only  giving  occasion  to  the  sentiment.'  ''—BoswelVs  Life 
of  Johnson. 

An  eminent  authority  of  modern  times  thus  satisfac 
torily  accounts  for  the  early  popularity  of  Richardson  in 
Germany : 

"  Fielding  conceived  life  as  it  was,  with  great  strength  and  dis 
tinctness,  and  brought  out  into  clear  light  those  contrasts  which 
are  indeed  now  well  enough  known,  but  which  were  then  remarked 
by  none,  because  England  was  regarded  as  a  paradise — a  Utopia. 
lie  showed  with  such  power  the  difference  between  appearance  and 
truth — between  a  nattering  clergy  and  true  religion,  that  the  lovers 
of  sentimentality  and  the  multitude,  who  are  always  willing  to 
have  their  eyes  bound  that  they  may  dream  pleasantly,  were  in 
some  measure  driven  from  himself  to  his  countryman  Richardson, 
the  discoverer  of  a  conventional  morality.  We  cannot  therefore 
wonder  that  Fielding,  who  died  in  1754,  found  a  public  in  Germany 
much  later  than  Richardson,  whose  moralizing  and  sentimental 
heroes  and  heroines  had  already  become  the  fashion  by  means  of 
Rousseau,  at  the  same  time  with  the  idyllic  dreams  of  Gessner. 
We  must  possess  good  practical  sense  and  a  knowledge  of  pure  old 
English  life,  and  of  the  abuses  of  its  hierarchy  and  clergy,  to  un 
derstand  Fielding,  to  estimate  a  Joseph  Andrews  and  a  Tom  Jones, 
and  to  find  pleasure  in  them;  whereas  we  have  only  need  of  in 
definite  general  notions  and  sensibility,  to  admire  Richardson's 
Pamela,  and  his  Sir  Charles  Grandison." — Scfdosser's  Hist,  of  the 
18th  Cent.,  <£c. ;  Davidson's  Trans.,  ii.  59,  60. 

Fielding,  James  Holyrod.  Beauchamp;  or  the 
Wheel  of  Fortune,  1818,  4  vols. 

Fielding,  Sir  John,  d.  1780,  half-brother  to  Henry 
Fielding,  the  great  novelist,  and  his  successor  in  his  ma 
gisterial  duties,  was  distinguished  for  his  public  spirit  and 
efforts  fo  r  the  reformation  of  the  vicious.  In  consideration 
of  his  valuable  services  to  the  community,  he  was  knighted 
in  1761.  1.  Police  Act,  with  a  plan  rel.  to  Girls  of  the 
Town,  Lon.,  1757,  '68,  8vo.  2.  Plan  of  an  Asylum,  or 
Home  of  Refuge  for  Orphans  and  other  deserted  Girls, 
1758,  8vo.  3.  Extracts  from  Penal  Laws,  <fec.,  1761,  '69, 
8vo.  4.  Universal  Mentor,  a  collec.  of  Moral  and  Misc. 
Essays,  1762,  12mo.  5.  Charge  to  the  Grand  Jury,  1763, 
4to.  6.  Do.,  1766,  4to.  7.  Descrip.  of  London  and  West 
minster,  1777,  12mo. 

Fielding,  John.  1.  Peerage  of  Eng.,  Lon.,  1781, 
12mo.  2.  New  Peerage  of  do.,  1784,  12mo.  3.  H.  Coach 
Rates,  1786,  12mo.  4.  Regal  Tables,  12mo. 

Fielding,  Robert.     Surg.  Con.  to  Phil.  Trans.,  1709. 

Fielding,  Sarah,  1714-1768,  third  sister  of  the  great 
novelist,  lived  and  died  unmarried,  at  Bath.  She  was  a 
woman  of  great  learning.  1.  The  Adventures  of  David 
Simple  in  search  of  a  Faithful  Friend,  2  vols.  12mo.  Pub. 
shortly  after  the  appearance  of  her  brother  Henry's  Joseph 
Andrews.  A  third  vol.  was  added  in  1752.  New  ed.,  1756, 
2  vols.  8vo.  This  novel  was  well  received.  2.  The  Cry; 
a  Dramatic  Fable,  1754,  3  vols.  12mo.  This  has  also  been 
claimed  as  the  production  of  Patty  Fielding  and  Miss  Jane 
Collier.  See  Mrs.  Barbauld's  Life  of  Richardson;  Biog. 
Dramat.,  vols.  i.  and  ii.  3.  Xenophon's  Memoirs  of  Socra 
tes;  Defence  of  Socrates  before  his  Judges,  1762,  8vo. 
Mr.  Harris  of  Salisbury  furnished  some  valuable  notes  to 
this  excellent  translation. 

"Done  with  equal  judgment  and  accuracy." — CLARKE. 

4.  Familiar  Letters  between  the  characters  in  David 
Simple,  2  vols.  5.  The  Governess,  or  Little  Female  Aca 
demy.  6.  The  Lives  of  Cleopatra  and  Octavia.  7.  The 
Hist,  of  the  Countess  of  Delwin,  2  vols.  8.  The  Hist,  of 
Ophelia,  2  vols. 

"  Her  unaffected  manners,  candid  mind, 
Her  heart  benevolent,  and  soul  resign'd; 
Were  more  her  praise  than  all  she  knew  or  thought, 
Though  Athen's  wisdom  to  her  sex  she  taught." 

Inscription  by  Dr.  John  Hoadly  on  the  Monument 
erected  by  him,  to  her  memory. 

Fielding,  T.  Select  Proverbs  of  all  Nations.  New 
ed.,  Lon.,  1847,  18mo.  See  RAY,  JOHN. 

Fielding,  T.  H.,  of  the  E.  I.  Comp.  Milt.  Coll.,  Ad- 
discombe.  1.  Painting  in  Oil  and  Water  Colours,  Lon., 
1839,  imp.  8vo;  4th  ed.,  1846. 

"  Mr.  Fielding's  work  may  be  honoured  in  France  as  M.  Meiimee's 
has  been  in  England  by  a  translation;  we  think  it  a  better  one, 
and  therefore  more  deserving  of  it."— Lon.  Parthenon. 


2.  Hist,  of  the  Art  of  Engraving,  Lon.,  1840,  r.  8vo.  New 
ed.,  1848.  3.  Picturesque  Descrip.  of  the  River  Wye,  1841, 
4to.  4.  Synopsis  of  Practical  Perspective,  3d  ed.,  1843, 
8vo.  5.  Manual  of  Colours,  1844,  fp.  8vo.  6.  On  the  Know 
ledge  and  Restoration  of  Oil  Paintings,  1847,  12mo. 

Fields,  James  T.,  b.  1820,  at  Portsmouth,New  Hamp 
shire,  a  partner  of  the  well-known  Boston  publishing  house 
of  Ticknor  and  Fields,  has  won  considerable  reputation  as 
a  poet.  A  volume  of  his  poetical  compositions  was  pub. 
in  Boston  in  1849,  and  one  for  private  distribution  was 
printed  at  Cambridge  in  1854.  In  1858  he  also  privately 
printed  a  beautiful  volume  entitled  A  Few  Verses  for  a 
Few  Friends. 

"  This  book  itself,  apart  from  its  contents,  is  a  poem.  In  paper, 
type,  edging,  and  ornament — in  all  the  variable  details  of  me 
chanical  execution — it  vindicates  its  title  to  be  termed  a  work  of 
high  art.  The  poems  it  contains  are  gems  well  worthy  the  setting, 
— pure  thought,  genial  feeling,  tender  remembrance,  and  lambent 
fancy,  in  natural  measures  and  easy  rhythm, — such  poems  as 
always  win  a  higher  fame  than  they  seek  and  are  best  appreciated 
by  those  whose  verdict  is  of  the  most  significant  import." — 
JV".  Amer.  Rev.,  clxxx.,  July,  1858. 

Among  his  principal  pieces  are  Commerce,  read  before 
the  Boston  Mercantile  Association  on  its  anniversary  in 
1838,  and  The  Post  of  Honour,  read  before  the  same  so 
ciety  in  1848.  The  reading-world  is  indebted  to  Mr.  Fields 
for  a  complete  edition  of  De  Quincey's  writings,  which  he 
collected,  edited,  and  published  in  20  vols.  16mo,  Bost., 
1858.  See  DE  QUINCEY,  THOMAS.  Specimens  of  Mr. 
Fields's  style  will  be  found  in  Griswold's  Poets  and  Poetry 
of  America,  and  Duyckincks'  Cyc.  Amer.  Lit. 

"  Besides  his  serious  poems,  he  has  produced  some  very  original 
mirthful  pieces,  in  which  are  adroit  touches  of  wit,  felicitous  hits 
at  current  follies,  and  instances  of  quaint  humour,  laughing  through 
prim  and  decorous  lines,  which  evince  a  genius  for  vers  de  socilte. 
The  poems  Mr.  Fields  has  given  us  are  evidently  the  careless  pro- 
duets  of  a  singularly  sensitive  and  fertile  mind — indications  rather 
than  exponents  of  its  powers — furnishing  evidence  of  a  capacity 
which  it  is  to  be  hoped  the  engagements  of  business  will  not  wholly 
absorb." — Griswold's  Poets  and  Poetry  of  America. 

"  Mr.  Fields's  visit  was  necessarily  brief;  but  that  short  interview 
has  laid  the  foundation  of  a  friendship  which  will,  I  think,  last  as 
long  as  my  frail  life,  and  of  which  the  benefit  is  all  on  my  side. 
He  sends  me  charming  letters,  verses  which  are  fast  ripening  into 
true  poetry,  excellent  books;  and  this  autumn  he  brought  back 
himself,  and  came  to  pay  me  a  visit;  and  he  must  come  again,  for, 
of  all  the  kindnesses  with  which  he  loads  me,  I  like  his  company 
the  best.'V-MissMiTFORD,in  her  Literary  RecollecUom. 

Fiennes,  Nathaniel,  1608-1669,  second  son  of  Lord 
Say  and  Sele,  educated  at  Oxford,  and  Lord  Privy  Seal 
under  Oliver  Cromwell,  pub.  several  speeches  and  political 
pamphlets,  1640-64.  Monarchy  the  best  Gov't,  1660. 

"  Tho'  before  he  had  shew'd  himself  an  antimonarchist,  yet  then, 
when  he  saw  what  Oliver  aimed  at  [he]  became  a  lover  of  kingship 
and  monarchy,  purposely  to  gain  honour  and  riches  for  the  esta 
blishing  a  iamily  which  he  and  the  rest  of  the  godly  party  aimed 
at." — Athen.  Oxon. 

Not  all,  Anthony ;  be  a  little  more  charitable.  Fiennes 
was  for  some  time  colonel  of  horse  under  the  Earl  of  Essex. 

"  If  he  had  not  incumbered  himself  with  command  in  the  army, 
to  which  men  thought  his  nature  not  so  well  disposed,  he  had  been 
second  to  none  in  those  councils  after  Mr.  Hampden's  death." — 
LORD  CLARENDON. 

Walker  ascribes  to  Fiennes  a  historical  tract  called  An- 
glia  Rediviva,  pub.  under  the  name  of  Sprigge. 

Fiennes,  William,  Lord  Say  and  Sele,  1582-1662, 
father  of  the  preceding,  educated  at  Oxford,  was  "very 
active"  with  Hampden  and  Pym,  yet  was  made  Lord  Privy 
Seal  and  Lord  Chamberlain  at  the  Restoration.  He  wrote 
spme  political  tracts,  and  some  treatises  against  the  Qua 
kers.  The  Scots  Design  Discovered,  1653,  4to,  has  been 
ascribed  both  to  him  and  his  son  Nathaniel.  Wood  speaks 
of  the  honours  bestowed  upon  him  by  Charles  II.  with 
great  indignation : 

"  While  others  that  suffered  in  estate  and  body,  and  had  been 
reduced  to  a  bit  of  bread  for  his  maj.  cause,  had  then  little  or  no 
thing  given  to  relieve  them;  for  which  they  were  to  thank  a  hun 
gry  and  great  officer,  JLord  Clarendon. — COLE,]  who,  to  fill  his  own 
coffers,  was  the  occasion  of  the  ruin  of  many.  — Athen.  Oxon. 

"  He  was  a  person  of  great  parts,  wisdom,  and  integrity." — 
WHITELOCKE. 

"  A  man  of  a  close  and  reserved  nature,  of  great  parts,  and  of 
the  highest  ambition."— LORD  CLARENDON.  See  Athen.  Oxon.; 
Park's  R.  and  N.  Authors. 

Fierburtns,  Nic.     See  FITZHERBERT. 

Fife,  Lord.  A  Catalogue  of  Lord  Fife's  Coins  and 
Medals,  1796,  4to. 

Figges,  James.  The  Excise  Officer's  Vade  Mecum, 
Lon.,  1781,  12mo. 

Filding,  Ford.  Trans,  of  Dan  Toussaius's  Exercise 
of  the  Faithful  Soule,  Ac.,  Lon.,  1683,  8vo. 

Filewood,  F.  R.  Argts.  and  Proofs  of  the  Excellency 
of  the  Liturgy  of  the  Ch.  of  Eng.,  Lon.,  1792,  12mo. 

Filgate,Fitzherbert.ThoroughDraining,1848,i8mo. 

"  The  author  writes  very  soundly  and  practically."— Donaldson's 
AgricuU.  Biog. 


FIL 


FIN 


Filipowski,  H.  E.  A  Table  of  Afcti-Logarithms,  2d 
ed.,  Lon.,  1851,  8vo. 

"  All  that  could  be  wished  in  extent,  in  structure,  and  in  typo 
graphy.  For  its  extent  it  is  unique  among  modern  tables." — PROF. 
Auo.  DE  MORGAN. 

Filkes,  John.  Serm.,  Lon.,  1713,  8vo;  do.,  1714,  8vo. 
Filkes,  John.     Serm.,  Ac.,  1802,  '04,  8vo. 
Fills,  Robert.      Theolog.  treatises   and   devotional 
works,  trans,  from  the  French,  Lon.,  1562-90,  Ac. 
Filmer,  Edward.    French  Court  Ayres,  1629. 
Filmer,  Edward,  D.C.L.,  educated  at  All-Souls' Col 
lege,  Oxf.,  disgraced  himself  by  defending  the  English 
stage  against  Jeremy  Collier,  in  A  Defence  of  Plays,  Lon., 
1707,  8vo.     He  also  pub.  The  Unnatural  Brother,  a  Trag., 
Lon.,  1697,  4to. 

"  It  bears  strong  testimony  to  the  understanding  and  abilities 
of  the  author."— Biog.  Dramat. 

Filmer,  Sir  Robert,  d.  1647,  a  native  of  Kent,  father 
of  the  preceding,  educated  at  Trin.  Coll.,  Camb.,  wrote  a 
number  of  political  treatises  in  favour  of  arbitrary  power 
in  the  monarch,  among  which  are,  1.  The  Anarchy  of  a 
Mixed  and  Limited  Monarchy,  1646,  '48,  '79.  2.  Neces 
sity  of  the  absolute  Power  of  all  Kings,  and  in  particular 
of  the  King  of  England,  1648,  '80.  3.  Original  of  Gov't; 
against  Milton,  Hobbes,  Grotius,  Hutton,  Ac.,  1652,  4to. 
4.  Questio  Quodlibetica  j  or,  a  Discourse  whether  it  may  be 
lawful  to  take  use  for  Money,  1653,  '78,  8vo.  5.  Free 
holder's  Grand  Inquest,  touching  the  King  and  his  ParL; 
written  by  Sir  Kichard  Hobhouse,  1679,  8vo.  6.  Patri- 
archia;  or,  The  Natural  Power  of  the  Kings  of  England 
asserted, 

"  In  which  he  endeavours  to  prove,  that  all  government  was  mon 
archical  at  first,  and  that  all  legal  titles  to  govern  are  originally 
derived  from  the  hands  of  families,  or  from  such  upon  whom  their 
right  was  transferred,  either  by  concession  or  failure  of  the  line. 

"His  arguments  are  singularly  insufficient;  he  quotes  nothing 
but  a  few  irrelevant  texts  from  Genesis ;  he  seems  not  to  have 
known  at  all  the  strength,  whatever  it  may  be,  of  his  own  case, 
and  it  is  hardly  possible  to  find  a  more  trifling  and  feeble  work. 
It  had  however  the  advantage  of  opportunity  to  be  received  by  a 
party  with  approbation." — Hallam's  Introduc.  to  Lit.  of  Europe. 

This  work  has  elicited  able  confutations,  the  best  known 
of  which  will  be  found  in  Locke's  Treatises  on  Civil  Go 
vernment.  7.  Political  Discourses,  1680,  8ro.  8.  Defence 
against  Algernon  Sidney's  Paper. 

"  Sir  Robert  Filmer  of  Kent  was  intimately  acquainted  with 
Camden,  who  told  him  he  was  not  suffered  to  print  many  things 
in  his  Elizabeth,  which  he  sent  over  to  his  Correspondent  Thuanus, 
who  printed  it  all  faithfully  in  his  annals  without  altering  a  word." 
Fillmore,  Augustus  D.,  b.  1823,  in  Ohio.  1.  Uni 
versal  Musician.  2.  Christian  Psalmist.  3.  Tree  of  Tem 
perance  and  its  Fruits,  Ac. 

Filson,  John.  Topog.  Description  of  the  West.  Terri 
tory  of  N.  America,  1793,  8vo.  In  association  with  George 
Imlay.  2.  The  Discovery,  Settlement,  and  present  State 
of  Kentucke,  Wilmington,  1784,  8vo;  Lon.,  1793,  8vo.  In 
French,  Paris,  1785. 

"  This  account  bears  every  mark  of  authenticity.  It  was  drawn 
up  from  personal  notice  or  immediate  information,  and  is  attested 
by  the  signatures  of  three  respectable  inhabitants  of  the  country. 
The  author  is  a  believer  in  the  settlement  of  a  Welsh  colony  in 
this  country  by  Madoc,  in  1170."— Mich's  Bibl.  Amer.  Nova. 

Finch,  Anne,  d.  1720,  Countess  of  Winchelsea,  was 
the  daughter  of  Sir  William  Kingsmill,  of  Sidmonton, 
Southampton,  and  wife  of  Heneage,  Earl  of  Winchelsea. 
Miscellaneous  Poems,  on  several  occasions,  Lon.,  1731,  8vo. 
Among  the  pieces  is  a  tragedy  called  Aristomines.  Her 
best-known  poem  is  The  Atheist  and  the  Acorn.  Pope  ad 
dressed  some  verses  to  her,  which  elicited  an  "elegant  re 
plication,"  printed  in  Gibber's  Lives,  and  prefixed  to  an  old 
edit,  of  his  works.  Her  poem  upon  the  Spleen,  pub.  in 
Gildon's  Miscellany,  1701,  8vo,  was,  with  several  other  of 
her  pieces,  inserted  by  Dr.  Birch  in  the  General  Biographi 
cal  Dictionary,  by  permission  of  the  Countess  of  Hertford, 
who  owned  the  originals. 

"  It  is  remarkable  that,  excepting  a  passage  or  two  in  the  Wind 
sor  Forest  of  Pope,  and  some  delightful  pictures  in  the  poems  of 
Lady  Winchelsea,  the  poetry  of  the  period  intervening  between 
the  publication  of  the  Paradise  Lost  and  the  Seasons  does  no 
contain  a  single  new  image  of  external  nature."— WORDSWORTH. 

The  extravagance  of  this  assertion  appears  to  us  to  be 
manifest.     Had  Mr.  Wordsworth  perused  and  remembered 
all  the  poetry  between  Paradise  Lost  and  The  Seasons? 
Finch,  B.     Sonnets  and  other  Poems,  1805,  8vo. 
Finch,  Charles,  Earl  of  Nottingham.     His  Roya 
Entertainment  when  Ambassador  to  the  King  of  Spain 
1605,  4to. 

Finch,  Daniel,  second  Earl  of  Nottingham,  1647- 
1729-30,  was  educated  at  Christ  Church,  Oxf.,  filled  severa 
important  political  posts.  1.  Answer  to  Whiston's  Lettei 
to  him  concerning  the  Eternity  of  the  Son  of  God  and  o] 
the  Holy  Ghost,  Lon.,  1721,  8vo;  3  edits,  in  the  same  year 
696 


?or  this  work  he  was  thanked  by  the  University  of  Oxford. 
2.  Letter  to  Dr.  Waterland,  printed  at  the  end  of  Dr.  New- 
on's  Treatise  on  Pluralities.  Observations  upon  the  State 
»f  the  Nation  in  January,  1712-13,  has  been  ascribed  to 
him.  Horace  Walpole  states  that  he  was  assured  it  was 
not  his  composition. 

Finch,  Edward,  Vicar  of  Christ's  Church,  London, 
Brother  of  Sir  Heneage  Finch,  first  Earl  of  Nottingham, 
was  ejected  from  his  parish  by  the  parliamentary  inquisi 
tors.  Answer  to  the  Articles  preferred  against  him,  1641, 
4to.  The  charges  exhibited  against  him  were  pub.  in  the 
same  year,  4to. 

Finch,  George.     Sketch  of  the  Romish  Controversy, 
Lon.,  1831-36,  2  vols.  8vo.     Reprinted,  1850,  2  vols.  8vo. 
"A  valuable  collection  of  documents  extracted  from  various 
sources." — Bicker  stfth's  C.  S. 

Finch,  Heneage,  first  Earl  of  Nottingham,  1621- 
1682,  was  a  native  of  Kent,  and  educated  at  Oxford;  At 
torney-General,  1670;  Lord  Keeper  about  1673;  LordHigh- 
Chancellor,  1675.  A  number  of  his  parliamentary  and 
judicial  speeches  were  pub.,  1660-1791.  He  left  Chancery 
Reports,  MS.  in  folio,  and  notes  on  Coke's  Institutes.  He 
is  highly  commended  by  Bishop  Buruet. 

'"  He  was  a  person  of  the  greatest  abilities  and  most  uncorrupted 
integrity ;  a  thorough  master  and  zealous  defender  of  the  laws  and 
constitution  of  his  couutry." — SIR  WM.  BLACKSTONE. 

See  Athen.  Oxon.;  Collins's  Peerage;  Park's  Walpole's 
R.  and  N.  Authors. 

Finch,  Heneage,  second  Earl  of  Winchelsea,  d.  1689, 
was  English  ambassador  to  Turkey.  1.  Narrative  of  the 
success  of  his  Embassy  to  Turkey,  Lon.,  1661.  2.  A  Re 
lation  of  the  late  prodigious  Earthquake  and  Eruption  of 
Mount  Etna,  1669,  fol.  This  eruption  was  witnessed  by 
his  lordship  on  his  return  from  Constantinople. 

Finch,  Sir  Henry,  d.  1625,  of  the  same  family  as  the 
Lord  Chancellor,  was  educated  at  Oxford,  and  became  an 
eminent  lawyer.  1.  Nomotechnia;  cest  i  Scavoir,  un  De 
scription  del  Commun  Leys  d'Angleterre,  Ac.,  Lon.,  1613, 
fol.  Trans,  by  the  author  into  English  under  the  title  Of 
Law,  or  a  Discourse  thereof,  1627,  '36,  '61,  '78,  8vo.  New 
ed.,  with  Notes  and  References  by  Dunby  Pickering,  1759, 
8vo.  Another  trans.,  anon.,  1759,  8vo.  Finch's  Law  was 
the  principal  guide  of  law  students  until  the  publication  of 
Blackstone's  Commentaries.  The  best  portions  of  Finch 
are  incorporated  into  the  latter  work. 

"  Before  we  attempt  the  perusal  of  our  ancient  law  writers,  it 
will  be  highly  convenient  to  have  a  general  idea  of  the  common 
law  itself,  the  chief  subject  of  all  their  tracts,  and  this  perhaps 
cannot  be  had  more  readily  than  from  that  methodical  system 
which  is  well  known  by  the  name  of  Finch's  Law.  ...  It  is  still 
in  good  credit  and  repute.  Out  of  it  is  extracted,  or  stolen,  an 
other  small  treatise,  which  is  called  Summary  of  the  Common  Law 
of  England." — Bishop  Nicolson's  Eng.  Hist.  Lib.,  179. 

The  Summary  noticed  by  the  bishop  was  pub.  in  1654, 
12mo.     2.  On  the  Calling  of  the  Jews. 
Finch,  Hon.  Henry,  Dean  of  York.  Serm.,  1712, 4to. 
Finch,  John.     1.  Travels  in  the  U.  States  and  Canada, 
Lon.,  8vo. 

"Mr.  F.'s  observations  are  marked  by  good  sense,  impartiality, 
and  good  feeling." — Lon.  Monthly  Rev. 

2.  The  Natural  Boundaries  of  Empire,  1844,  fp.  8vo. 
"  We  can  strongly  recommend  the  work,  both  for  its  usefulness, 
and  the  exact  and  deep  research  of  its  most  intelligent  author." — 
Bell's  Messenger. 

Finch,  John  Lord.    Letters,  Ac.,  1640-41. 
Finch,  Martin.     1.  Animad.  upon  Sir  Henry  Vane's 
Retired  Man's  Meditations,  Lon.,  1656,  12mo.     2.  Answer 
to  Mr.  Thomas  Grantham's  Dialogue  between  the  Baptist 
and  the  Presbyt.,  1691,  8vo. 

Finch,  R.  Tracts  containing  a  Defence  of  the  Doc 
trines  of  Regeneration.  Advice  to  Y.  Clergymen.  Thoughts 
on  the  Sovereignty  of  God,  Ac.,  1793,  8vo. 

"They  are  really  valuable  tracts,  though  some  of  them  are  ex 
pressed  occasionally  in  too  much  severity  of  language.  In  this 
their  collected  form,  with  real  name  of  the  author  prefixed,  I  never 
saw  another  copy." — MS.  Note  by  Rev.  P.  Hall. 

We  presume  this  R.  Finch  to  be  Robert  Poole  Finch, 
D.D.,  but  may  be  mistaken. 

Finch,  Richard.  1.  War,  Netting.,  1747.  2.  Exam, 
of  Cudworth's  Thoughts  on  Election,  Ac.,  Lon.,  1755. 

Finch,  Robert,  1783-1830,  an  antiquary,  collected 
a  valuable  library  and  collection  of  antiquities,  pictures, 
Ac.,  which  he  bequeathed  to  the  Ashmolean  Museum  at 
Oxford.  The  Crown  of  Pure  Gold,  and  Protestantism  our 
surest  Bulwark;  two  Serms.,  1809. 

Finch,  Robert  Poole,  D.D.  Occasional  Serms., 
1746-1798.  Consid.  upon  Judicial  Oaths,  1788,  8vo.  See 
FINCH,  R. 

Finch,  Rev.  Thomas.  1.  Early  Wisdom,  Lon.,  1794, 
2  vols.  12mo.  2.  To  Sailors,  1797,  8vo.  3.  To  the  Poor, 
Norw.,  8vo. 


FIN 


FIN 


Finch,  Thomas.  Precedents  in  Chancery,  1689-1722, 
Lon.,  1747,  fol. ;  2d  ed.,  by  Thomas  Finch,  Lon.,  1786,  8vo. 
Lord  Hardwicke  states  that  the  notes  to  cases  to  1708  were 
taken  hy  Mr.  Pooley,  the  remainder  by  Mr.  Robins. 

"  The  cases  are  briefly  reported,  but  are  of  respectable  authority." 
See  Pref.  18  Viner's  Abridgt;  1  Kent's  Com.,  492;  Marvin's  Leg. 
Bibl.,  586. 

Finch,  Thomas.  1.  Essays  on  Man,  Lon.,  1811, 
12mo.  2.  On  Political  Philos.,  1812,  8vo.  3.  Social  Vir 
tues;  aSerm.,  1812,  8vo.  4.  Scriptural  Christianity,  1812, 
8vo.  5.  Christian  Principles ;  a  Serm.,  Lynn,  1815,  8vo. 

Finch,  W.     1.  Masonic  Treatise.     2.  Masonic  Plates. 

Finch,  Wm.,  D.D.,  Preb.  of  Cant.     Serm.,  1704,  4to. 

Finch,  Wm.,  D.D.  1.  The  Objec.  of  Infidel  Historians, 
&c.  agst.  Christianity;  in  8  serms.  at  the  Bampton  Lecture, 
1797,  and  another  serm.,  1797,  8vo.  2.  Serm.,  1798,  8vo. 

Fincher,  Joseph.  1.  Interpositions  of  Divine  Pro 
vidence,  Lon.,  12mo.  2.  Achievements  of  Prayer,  2d  ed., 
1828,  12mo. 

Finden,  W.  and  E.  The  splendid  publications  of 
these  gentlemen — The  Royal  Gallery  of  British  Art,  Por 
traits  of  Female  Aristocracy,  Tableaux,  Ports  and  Har 
bours  of  Great  Britain,  Landscape  Illustrations  of  the 
Bible,  Ac. — are  well  known  and  justly  valued  by  the  pub 
lic  in  and  out  of  England. 

Findlater,  Rev.  Charles,  minister  of  Newlands, 
Peebles.  Genl.  Survey  of  the  Agricult.  of  the  County  of 
Peebles,  Edin.,  1802,  8vo. 

"The  subject  matter  is  well  arranged  and  very  judiciously  re 
lated.  The  notes  and  appendix  are  very  valuable  on  the  social 
policy  of  the  district  and  its  regulations:  the  report  has  always 
been  esteemed." — Donaldson's  Agricult.  Biog. 

Findlay,  A.  G.  1.  Modern  Atlas,  Lon.,  1843,  r.  8vo. 
2.  Outline  Maps,  1843,  r.  4to.  3.  Classical  Atlas  of  Ancient 
Geography,  1847,  r.  8vo,  and  r.  4to,  N.  York,  1849,  8vo. 

"  This  atlas  will  be  found  to  answer  all  the  purposes  of  the  stu 
dent.  It  is  undoubtedly  the  best  collection  of  maps  for  its  size 
that  has  hitherto  appeared,  and  the  interesting  information  con 
tained  in  the  introduction  renders  the  work  doubly  valuable." — 
CHARLES  ANTHON,  LL.D.,  Columbia  College. 

4.  School  Classical  Atlas,  imp.  8vo.  5.  School  Atlas  of 
Modern  Geography,  1848,  4to. 

The  value  of  these  atlases  is  well  known,  and  they  are 
beautifully  gotten  up. 

"  The  artistical  portion  of  these  Atlases  cannot  be  surpassed." 
— Ciiurch  and  State  Gazette. 

6.  Directory  for  the  Navigation  of  the  Pacific  Ocean, 
1851,  2  vols.  r.  8vo.  7.  Sailing  Directory  for  the  East  Coast 
of  England  and  Scotland,  1852,  8vo.  8.  Comparative  Atlas 
of  Ancient  and  Modern  Geography,  1853,  imp.  4to. 

Findlay,  J.  Four  serms.,  by  J.  F.,  J.  Tozer,  J.  Moody, 
and  G.  C.  Broadbelt,  Lon.,  1799,  8vo. 

Findlay,  John  K.,  son  of  Gov.  Findlay  of  Pennsyl 
vania.  Archbold's  (J.  F.)  Law  of  Nisi  Prius;  3d  Amer.  ed., 
enlarged  and  improved,  by  J.  K.  F.,  Phila.,  1852,  2  vols. 
8vo.  The  editor's  Introduction  and  additions  to  the  body 
of  the  work  greatly  increase  the  value  of  the  original,  which 
is  perhaps  the  best  treatise  upon  the  subject.  See  ARCH- 
BOLD,  J.  F. ;  STEPHENS,  ARCHIBALD  JOHN. 

Findlay,  Robert,  1721-1814,  a  Scotch  divine,  was 
educated  at  the  University  of  Glasgow  and  at  Leyden :  one 
of  the  ministers  of  Glasgow,  1756 ;  Prof,  of  Divinity  in 
that  University,  1782.  1.  Two  Letters  to  Dr.  Kennicott, 
Lon.,  1762,  8vo.  Anon.  2.  Psalmody,  Glasg.,  1763,  8vo. 
Anon.  3.  Vindication  of  the  sacred  Books  and  of  Jose- 
phus  from  Voltaire,  1770,  8vo. 

"  This  is  a  serious  and  solid  refutation  of  many  of  M.  de  Vol 
taire's  most  formidable  objections  to  the  sacred  writings." — BISHOP 
WATSON. 

4.  Letter  to  Dr.  Jebb,  1778,  8vo.  Anon.  5.  Remarks  on 
Lindsey's  Dissert,  on  Praying  to  Christ,  1781,  8vo. 

"  These  tracts  contain  important  observations  on  some  passages 
of  Scripture  in  that  department  of  the  Socinian  controversy." — 
Orme's  Bibl.  Bib. 

6.  The  Divine  Inspiration  of  the  Scriptures  of  the  Old 
Test,  asserted  by  St.  Paul,  2  Tim.  iii.  16;  and  Dr.  Ged- 
des's  Reasons  against  the  Tenor  of  his  Words  examined, 
1804,  8vo. 

"  The  reply  to  Dr.  Geddes  is  a  most  satisfactory  one,  and  both 
vindicates  the  common  reading  of  2  Tim.  iii.  16,  and  supports  the 
generally  received  views  of  inspiration." — Orme's  Bibl.  Bib. 

Findley,  Wm.,  d.  1821,  a  member  of  the  U.  States 
Congress,  1812,  a  native  of  Ireland,  was  a  zealous  sup 
porter  of  the  American  Revolution.  1.  Review  of  the 
Funding  System,  1794.  2.  Hist  of  the  Insurrection  of 
the  4  western  counties  of  Penn.,  <fec.,  Phila.,  1796.  3.  Ob- 
serv.  on  the  two  Sons  of  Oil,  vindic.  religious  liberty  agst, 
Rev.  Samuel  B.  Wylie. 

Finegan,  J.  T.  An  Attempt  to  illustrate  a  few  Pas 
sages  in  Shakspeare's  Works,  Bath,  1802,  8vo,  with  quo 
tations  from  "  Pierce  Plowman's  Vision,"  respecting  the 


antiquity  of  which  the  author  dissents  from  Warton's 
opinion. 

Finett,  Sir  John,  Knt.,  1571-1640,  a  native  of  Soul- 
ton,  Kent.  1.  Finetti  Philoxemis,  rel.  to  Forren  Ambassa 
dors  in  Eng.,  Lon.,  1656,  8vo ;  1756, 12mo.  Posth.;  pub.  by 
James  Howell.  A  curious  work.  See  an  analysis  in  Oldys's 
Brit.  Lib.,  163-8.  2.  On  Estates;  from  the  French  of  R. 
de  Lusing,  1606. 

"  He  was  bred  up  in  the  court,  where,  by  his  wit,  mirth,  and 
uncommon  skill  in  composing  songs,  he  very  much  pleased 
James  I." 

Finglass,  Esther.  The  Recluse;  or,  History  of 
Lady  Gertrude  Lesly,  Lon.,  1790,  2  vols.  12mo. 

Finglass,  John,  D.D.,  Preb.  of  St.  Andrew's,  Dublin. 
Serms.,  1695,  4to. 

Finlason,  W.  1.  Leading  Cases  in  Pleading  and 
Parties  to  Action,  with  Notes,  Lon.,  1847,  r.  8vo;  Har- 
risburg,  1847,  8vo. 

"  The  Notes  themselves  are  learned,  and,  we  may  add,  elaborate 
Treatises  upon  the  matters  to  which  they  relate."— London  Law 
Mag. 

"A  valuable  addition  to  the  library  of  the  professional  man." — 
Penn.  Law  Jour. 

2.  Finlason,  W.,  and  Morris  R.,  Common  Law  Proce 
dure  Act,  1852 ;  with  Notes,  Lon.,  1852,  12mo. 

Finlay,  George.  1.  Greece  under  the  Romans,  B.C. 
146-A.o.  717,  Lon.,  1843,  8vo;  2d  ed.,  1857,  8vo. 

"  His  work  is  therefore  learned  and  profound.  It  throws  a  flood 
of  light  upon  an  important  though  obscure  portion  of  Grecian 
history.  ...  In  the  essential  requisites  of  fidelity,  accuracy,  and 
learning,  Mr.  Finlay  bears  a  favourable  comparison  with  any  his 
torical  writer  of  our  day." — North  Amer.  Rev. 

"  The  History  of  Greece  under  the  Romans  has  been  ably  written 
by  Mr.  Finlay." — Lon.  Quar.  Rev. 

2.  The  Hist,  of  Greece  from  its  Conquest  by  the  Cru 
saders  to  its  Conquest  by  the  Turks,  and  of  the  Empire  of 
Trebizond,  1204-1461,  1851,  8vo. 

3.  Hist,  of  the  Byzantine  Empire,  716-1057,  1853,  8vo. 
4.  Hist,  of  the  Byzantine  and  Greek  Empires,  1057-1453, 
1854,  8vo. 

"At  a  time  when  so  much  attention  is  being  devoted  to  the  mo 
dern  history  of  the  Greek  race,  and  to  the  constitution  and  history 
of  the  Greek  Church,  and  when  even  our  scholars  are  catching  the 
enthusiasm,  and  insisting  on  the  necessity  of  studying  the  modern 
Greek  language  and  literature,  Mr.  Finlay's  solid  and  careful 
works  will  be  welcomed  by  all  who  read  to  be  informed." — Lon. 
AihencBum. 

Finlay,  John,  1782-1810,  a  native  of  Glasgow,  and 
educated  at  the  University  of  that  city,  was  a  poet  of  some 
repute.  1.  Wallace;  or,  The  Vale  of  "Ellerslie ;  with  other 
Poems,  Glasg.,  1802,  12mo;  1804,  8vo.  2.  Scottish  Hist, 
and  Romantic  Ballads;  chiefly  ancient,  Edin.,  1808,  2  vols. 
8vo.  3.  Life  of  Cervantes. 

"  His  chief  poem,  <  Wallace ;  or.  The  Vale  of  Ellerslie,'  which  was 
written  at  the  age  of  nineteen,  is  doubtless  an  imperfect  compo 
sition  ;  but  it  displays  a  wonderful  power  of  versification,  and  con 
tains  many  splendid  descriptions  of  external  nature.  It  possesses 
both  the  merits  and  defects  which  we  look  for  in  the  early  compo 
sitions  of  true  genius.  .  .  .  The  collection  of  '  Historical  and  Ro 
mantic  Ballads'  entitles  the  name  of  Finlay  to  a  place  among 
Scottish  antiquaries,  and  to  follow  those  of  Walter  Scott  and  Ro 
bert  Jamieson."— Blackwood's  Mag.,  ii.  186,  q.  v.  for  a  biographical 
sketch  and  specimen  of  Finlay's  poetry. 

Finlay,  John.  1.  Churchwardens,  Ac.  in  Ireland, 
Dubl.,  8vo.  2.  Landlord  and  Tenant  in  do.,  8vo.  3.  Law 
of  Tithe  in  do.,  8vo.  4.  Laws  of  Game,  <fcc.,  8vo.  5.  Law 
of  Renewals,  1822,  8vo.  6.  Digested  Index  to  all  the  Irish 
Rep.  Cases  in  Law  and  Equity,  1830,  8vo. 

Finlayson,  George,  surgeon  and  naturalist  to  Mr 
Crawford's  Mission  to  Siarn  and  Hug,  1821,  '22.  An  Ac 
count  of  the  Mission  from  the  Journal  of  the  late  G.  F.,  with 
a  Memoir  of  the  Author,  by  Sir  Thomas  Stamford  Raffles, 
Bart. 

"  We  are  satisfied  of  the  accuracy  with  which  he  has  recorded  the 
transactions  of  this  abortive  mission." — Lon.  Quar.Rev.,xxxm.  104- 
133,  q.  v.  for  an  interesting  account  of  this  unsuccessful  expedition. 

Finlayson,  James,  D.D.,  the  colleague  of  Dr.  Blair. 
1.  Serms.,  by  Dr.  Blair,  with  his  Life.  2.  Serms.,  with 
Life  and  Character  of  the  Author,  Lon.,  1809,  8vo. 

"In  originality  of  thought  and  cogency  of  reasoning,  we  think 
they  will  be  found  even  superior  to  those  of  Blair."— British  Critic 

Finlayson,  John.  Admonition  to  all  people,  1797, 
8vo. 

Finlayson,  John,  1780-1826,  a  native  of  the  county 
of  Ayr,  an  eminent  agriculturist.  British  Farmer  and 
Ploughman's  Guide,  Glasg.,  1822,  8vo;  2d  ed.,  1829. 

"A  very  useful  and  interesting  work."— Brit.  Farmer's  Chron , 

'•  With  him  every  thing  is  done  on  principle."— Brit.  Farmer's 
Maa.,  May,  1827. 

Mr.  F.  made  many  improvements  in  agricultural  imple 
ments,  <fec.  See  an  interesting  notice  of  him  in  Donald 
son's  Agricult.  Biog. 

Finlayson,  Joseph  Andrews.    Serm. 


FIN 


FIS 


Finley,  Robert,  D.D.,  1772-1817,  a  native  of  Prince 
ton,  N.  Jersey,  elected  President  of  the  University  of 
Georgia,  1817,  may  be  considered  as  the  father  of  the 
American  Colonization  Society.  He  pub.  several  serins, 
and  some  papers  on  Colonization  to  Africa. 

Finley,  Samuel,  D.D.,  1715-1766,  a  native  of  Ar 
magh,  Ireland,  emigrated  to  Philadelphia  in  1734,  elected 
President  of  the  College  of  N.  Jersey  in  1761.     He  pub. 
several  serms.  and  theolog.  treatises,  1741-57,  and  edited  , 
the  serms.  of  his  predecessor,  President  Davies. 

Finn,  Henry  J.,  1782-1840,  a  native  of  the  city  of 
New  York,  after  devoting  two  years  to  the  study  of  the 
law,  abandoned  Coke  and  Blackstone  for  the  stage,  and 
made  his  first  appearance  at  the  Haymarket  Theatre,  Lon 
don.  In  1811  he  returned  to  America,  and  obtained  great 
reputation  as  a  comic  actor.  He  perished  in  the  conflagra-  j 
tion  of  the  steamboat  Lexington,  January  13,  1840.  He 
pub.  a  Comic  Annual,  contributed  to  several  periodicals, 
wrote  a  drama  entitled  Montgomery,  or  the  Falls  of  Mont- 
morenci,  which  was  acted  and  pub.,  and  left  a  MS.  tragedy, 
specimens  of  which  appeared  in  the  New  York  Mirror. 
The  bills  of  his  benefit  nights  were 

**  Usually  made  up  of  the  most  extraordinary  and  inconceivable 
puns,  for  which  his  own  name  furnished  prolific  materials." — Life 
of  Finn  by  Epes  Sargent,  in  Griswold's  Biographical  Annual,  New 
York,  1841,  12mo. 

Finn,  James.  1.  Sephardim;  or,  The  Hist,  of  the 
Jews  in  Spain  and  Portugal,  1841,  p.  8vo. 

"  Of  all  the  books  about  the  Jews  (and  truly  their  name  is  legion) 
which  the  modern  press  pours  out  on  the  world,  Sephardim  is  the 
most  learned,  the  most  accurate,  the  most  romantic,  and  the  most 
instructive."— Ch.  of  Eng.  Quar.  Rev. 

2.  Hist,  of  the  Jews  in  China,  Lon.,  1843,  12mo. 
Finnelly,  W.     1.  Elections  in  Eng.,  Scot.,  and  Ire., 
Lon.,  1830, 12mo.     2.  Reform  Act,  Dubl.,  1832, 8vo.     3.  Re 
ports:  see  CLARK,  CHARLES. 

Finnerty,  Peter.  Burdett's  Speeches,  1804.  His 
Case,  1811. 

Finney,  Charles  G.,  Prest.  of  Oberlin  Coll.,  Ohio, 
was  born  in  Litchfield  co.,  Conn.,  in  1792.  1.  Guide  to  the 
Saviour,  Oberlin,  16mo.  2.  Lectures  to  Professing  Chris 
tians,  3d  ed.,  Lon.,  1839, 12mo.  3.  Lectures  on  Revivals  of 
Religion,  13th  ed.,  with  Notes  and  Memoir,  1840, 8vo.  In 
America,  six  editions  of  2000  copies  each  were  sold,  and 
the  sale  still  continues. 
"  Some  useful  thoughts." — BICKERSTETH. 
4.  Serms.  on  Important  Subjects,  1839, 12mo.  5.  Skele 
tons  of  a  Course  of  Theolog.  Lectures,  1841,  8vo.  6.  Lec 
tures  on  Systematic  Theology.  New  ed.,  with  an  Introduc. 
by  the  Rev.  George  Redford,  D.D.  New  ed.,  1851,  8vo. 

"  Eminently  deserving  the  attention  and  examination  of  British 
Theologians,  and  a  valuable  and  seasonable  contribution  to  Theo 
logical  Science."— REV.  GEO.  REDFORD,  D.D. 

The  Lectures  to  Professing  Christians  on  Revivals  of 
Religion,  and  Serms.  on  Important  Subjects,  have  been 
pub.  together  in  London,  in  10  parts,  8vo. 

"  I  have  no  hesitation  in  ranking  the  Lectures  on  Revivals,  and 
the  work  now  before  me,  entitled  Lectures  to  Professing  Christians, 
among  the  best  works  that  of  late  years  have  been  presented  to  the 
world.  They  are  both  of  them  the  productions  of  a  man  full  of 
feith  and  of  the  Holy  Ghost,  whose  whole  soul  appears  to  be  taken 
up  with  zeal  for  the  cause  of  religion  and  the  salvation  of  souls." 
— REV.  J.  BARKER. 

A  review  by  Prof.  Hodge  of  Mr.  F.'s  theological  views, 
will  be  found  in  the  Princeton  Biblical  Repository  for  June, 
1847,  and  a  biographical  sketch  of  the  author  (Mr.  F.)  in 
Bartlett's  Modern  Agitators,  N.  York,  1855,  12mo. 
Finney,  John,  D.D.     Serm.,  1746,  4to. 
Fiott,  John.    East  India  Stock,  1791,  '92,  '93. 
Firebrace,  John.     Serm.,  1767,  8vo. 
Firmin,  Giles,  1617-1697,  a  Nonconformist  divine,  a 
native  of  Suffolk,  emigrated  to  New  England  and  practised 
physic ;  returned  and  became  minister  of  Stratford,  Essex ; 
ejected,  1662.     He  pub.  several  serms.  and  theolog.  trea 
tises,  1652-93,  the  best-known  of  which  is  The  Real  Chris 
tian,  1670,  4to. 

Firmin,  Thomas,  1632-1697,  a  native  of  Ipswich, 
eminent  for  his  deeds  of  charity,  was  a  Socinian.  He  was 
an  intimate  friend  of  Archbishop  Tillotson,  and  generally 
esteemed.  Some  Proposals  for  the  Employing  the  Poor, 
especially  in  and  about  the  City  of  London ;  and  for  the 
Prevention  of  Begging,  Lon.,  1678,  4to. 

•'The  author's  views  were  sufficiently  benevolent,  but  not  very 
enlarged." — Donaldson's  AgrictM.  Biog. 

Firth,Wm.  A  Saint's  Monument;  a  Serm.,  1662, 12mo. 
Firth,  Wm.     1.  Case  of  Lord  Thanet,  Lon.,  1799,  8vo. 
2.  Letter  to  Bp.  Bathurst,  1813,  8vo.    3.  Recent  State  Trials 
1818,  8vo. 

Fisgrave,  Anthony,  LL.D.  Midas ;  or  a  Serious  In 
quiry  into  Taste  and  Genius,  Lon.,  1808,  8vo. 

598 


Fish,  Henry,  of  Middleton.    Serm.,  1737,  8vo. 

Fish,  Henry  Clay,D,D.b.l820,in  Halifax,  Vermont, 
Pastor  of  the  First  Baptist  Church,  Newark,  N.J.  1. 
Primitive  Piety  Revived :  a  Prize  Essay,  Boston,  1855, 
12mo.  20,000  sold  in  two  years.  2.  History  and  Re 
pository  of  Pulpit-Eloquence,  N.Y.,  1856,  2  vols.  8vo. 

"  Every  minister  needs  these  volumes  as  illustrating  the  rules 
of  sacred  rhetoric  and  furnishing  rich  nutriment  to  his  mind  and 
heart." — Bibliotheca  Sacra. 

3.  Pulpit-Eloquence  of  the  XIX.  Century,  1857,  8vo. 
4.  Select  Disc,  from  the  German  and  French,  1858,  12mo. 

Fish,  Simon,  d.  about  1531,  a  native  of  Kent,  educated 
at  Oxford,  was  a  zealous  promoter  of  the  English  Reforma 
tion.  1.  The  Supplicacyon  for  the  Beggars,  1526,  8vo. 
This  satire  upon  the  Popish  clergy  was  answered  by  Sir 
Thomas  More  in  his  Supplication  of  Souls  in  Purgatory. 

2.  The  Sum  of  the  Scriptures;  trans,  from  the  Dutch,  1530. 

3.  The  Boke  of  Merchants.     4.  The  Spiritual  Nosegay. 
"And  thys  good  zele  had  ye  wote  well  Symon  Fishe  had  when 

he  made  the  Supplicacio'  of  beggers.  But  God  gaue  him  suche 
grace  afterwarde  yt  he  was  sory  for  that  good  zeale  and  repented 
hymselfe,  and  came  into  the  church  agayne,  and  forsok  and  for- 
sware  all  the  whole  hill  of  these  heresyes,  out  of  which  the  moun 
tain  of  that  same  good  zeale  sprage." — Sir  Thomas  Store's  Works, 
ed.  fol.,  Lon.,  1557,  p.  881,  col.  1.  See  Athen.  Oxon.,  ed.  Bliss,  i.  60. 
Fishacre,  or  Fizacre,  Richard,  d.  1248,  a  Domi 
nican,  studied  at  Oxford,  and  Leland  thinks,  also  at  Paris, 
with  Robert  Bacon.  Leland  gives  a  list  of  theolog.  trea 
tises  by  Fishacre. 

Fisher.     School  for  Ingratitude;  a  Com.,  1748,  8vo. 
Fisher's  Admirable  Hist.,  Illustrations  of  the  Bible, 
the  Waverley  Novels,  the  Drawing  Room,  and  Juvenile 
Scrap  Books,  &c.,  are  deservedly  admired  by  all  who  can 
appreciate  artistic  excellence. 

Fisher,  Admiral,  R.N.  1.  The  Petrel ;  a  Tale  of  the 
Sea,  Lon.,  1850,  3  vols.  p.  Svo. 

2.  Ralph  Rutherford;  a  Nautical  Romance,  1851, 3  vols. 
p.  Svo. 

"  Admiral  Fisher's  interesting  nautical  tale  of  Ralph  Rutherford 
is  a  worthy  member  of  the  Marryat  class,  full  of  animated  scenes, 
serious  and  droll,  with  the  halo  of  a  love-story  thrown  around  it." 
— United  Service  Gazette. 

Fisher,  A.     New  Grammar,  1753,  Svo.     Improved  by 
J.  Wilson,  1792,  Svo.      Enlarged  by  a  relative,  1801,  Svo. 
Fisher,  Alexander.    Journal  of  a  Voyage  of  Dis 
covery  to  the  Arctic  Regions,  Lon.,  1821,  Svo. 

Fisher,  Alexander  M.,  1794-1822,  Prof,  of  Mathe- 
mat.  in  Yale  College,  a  native  of  Franklin,   Mass.,  was 
wrecked  on  the  coast  of  Ireland,  1822,  and  lost.     Papers 
on  Mathematics  and  Natural  Philos.  in  Silliman's  Journal. 
Fisher,  Ambrose.     Defence  of  the  Liturgy  of  the 
Ch.  of  England,  Lon.,  1630,  4to. 
Fisher,  Caroline  M.     See  SAWYER. 
Fisher,  Daniel,  D.D.     Serm.,  Lon.,  1784,  Svo. 
Fisher,  Edward,  a  Calvinistic  divine,  educated  at 
Oxford.      1.  Appeal  to  thy  Conscience,  Oxf.,  1644,  4to. 
2.  Feast  of  Feasts,  1644,  4to.  Anon.     3.  The  Marrow  of 
Modern   Divinity,  1644,  Svo.     By  Rev.  J.  Hogg,  Edin., 
1720,  Svo.     With  Notes  by  Thos.  Boston,  1722-26,  2  vols. 
Svo.     The  republication  of  this  work  excited  a  warm  con 
troversy  in  the  Church  of  Scotland.     4.  A  Christian  Caveat 
to  the  Old  and  New  Sabbatarians,  1650,  '53,  4to.     Answered 
by  Dr.  Collings  and  Giles  Collier.     5.  Answer  to  16  Queries. 
Printed  with  the  Christian  Caveat,  1655. 

"  He  became  a  noted  person  among  the  learned  for  his  great 
reading  in  ecclesiastical  history,  and  in  the  fathers,  and  for  his  ad 
mirable  skill  in  the  Greek  and  Hebrew  Languages."— Athi-n.  Oxon. 
Fisher,  George.    Educational  works,  Lon.,  1845,  Ac. 
Fisher,  Henry.     Discord;  an  Epic  Poem,  1794,  4to. 
Fisher,  J.  B.      1.  Pathetic  Tales,  Poems,  Ac.,  1808, 
12mo.     2.  Poetical  Rhapsodies,  1818,  Svo.     3.  The  Her 
mitage,  a  Poem,  12mo. 

Fisher,  J.  F.     Early  Poets  of  Pennsylvania. 
Fisher,  J.  T.,  Surgeon.     Asthma,  6th  ed.,  1810. 
Fisher,  James.    The  Wise  Virgin;  or  a  Wonderful 
Narrative  concerning  Sarah  Hatfield,  Lon.,  1653,  12mo; 
1654,  '64. 

Fisher,  James.    Poems,  Essays,  <fcc.,  1790-1810. 
Fisher,  James.     The  Assembly's  Shorter  Catechism 
Explained,  by  J.  F.,  Eb.  Erskine,  <&c.,  17th  ed.,  1813, 12mo. 
Fisher,  Jasper,  D.D.    Fuimus  Troes,  ^Ineid.    2.  The 
True  Trojans,  Lon.,  1633, 4to.  This  play  is  in  Dodsley's  Coll. 
Fisher,  John,  1459-1535,  a  native  of  Beverley,  York 
shire,  was  educated  at  Michael  House,  now  Trinity  Coll., 
Camb.,  of  which  he  became  Fellow,  Proctor,  and  Master. 
He  was  chaplain  and  confessor  to  Margaret,  Countess  of 
Richmond,  and  was  the  Margaret  Prof,  of  Divinity,  1502 ; 
Bishop  of  Rochester,  1504.     He  was  a  zealous  opponent 
of  the  Reformation,  and  could  not  be  persuaded  by  Henry 
VIII.  to  approve  of  that  monarch's  divorce  from  Catherine 


FIS 


FIS 


and  marriage  to  Anne  Boleyn.  The  king  had  a  sharp  ar 
gument  always  ready  for  the  obstinate,  and  this  learned 
and  excellent  man  was  murdered — i.  e.  beheaded — by  kingly 
command,  June  22, 1535,  which  sad  act,  rightly  says  Bishop 
Burnet,  "left  one  of  the  greatest  blots  upon  this  kingdom's 
proceedings."  He  pub.  some  serms.  and  theolog.  treatises, 
a  list  of  which  will  be  found  in  the  Bibl.  Brit.,  and  see 
Lowndes's  Bibl.  Man.  A  collective  edit,  of  his  works  was 
pub.  at  Wurtzburg  in  1595,  fol.  The  early  edits,  of  his 
Treatise  cone,  the  Fruitful  Sayings  of  David,  1508,  '09, 
'25,  '29,  4to,  are  of  considerable  pecuniary  value,  and  his 
serms.  on  the  Countess  of  Richmond  and  on  Henry  VII. 
were  sold  some  years  since  at  an  auction  in  London  for 
£9  9s.  each.  The  Life  of  Bishop  Fisher  was  pub.  by  Dr. 
Bailey  in  1655.  A  new  Life,  by  the  Rev.  John  Lewis, 
author  of  the  Life  of  Wickliffe,  <fcc.,  prepared  from  the  ori 
ginal  MS.  and  prefaced  by  an  Introduction,  by  T.  Hudson 
Turner,  may  be  shortly  expected.  Since  writing  the  above 
this  work  has  been  pub.,  Lon.,  1855,  2  vols.  8vo,  uniformly 
printed  with  the  Clarendon  Press  eds.  of  the  author's  other 
biographical  works,  Strype's  Lives,  <fec.  Erasmus  gives  a 
noble  character  of  this  ornament  of  England : 

"  Reverendus  Episcopus  Roffensis,  vir  non  solum  mirabili  integri- 
tate  vitae,  verilm  etiam  alta  et  recondita  doctrina,  turn  inorum 
quoque  incredibili  comitate  commendatus  maximis  pariter  ac  mi- 
nimis.  Aut  egregie  fallor,  aut  is  vir  est  unus,  cum  quo  nemo  sit 
hac  tempestate  conferendus,  vel  integritate  vitae,  vel  eruditione, 
vel  animi  magnitudine." 

Fisher,  John,  an  English  Jesuit,  whose  true  name  was 
Peircy,  was  a  native  of  Yorkshire.  He  became  a  Jesuit  in 
1594,  and  was  living  in  1641.  1.  Treatise  of  Faith,  Lon., 
1600.  2.  Defence  of  do.,  1612.  3.  Challenge  to  Protest 
ants,  1612.  4.  Answer  to  some  points  of  Controversy.  His 
Conference  with  Laud  was  first  pub.  in  1624,  with  White's 
answer  to  Fisher's  reply  to  K.  James  I.  Laud's  Conference 
with  Fisher,  6th  ed.,  will  be  found  in  the  new  ed.  of  Laud's 
works,  vol.  ii.,  Oxf.,  1849.  For  other  controversial  tracts 
in  answer  to  Fisher,  see  Chalmers's  Biog.  Diet.,  and  see 
Dodd's  Ch.  Hist. 

Fisher,  John.     Serms.,  1723,  8vo. 

Fisher,  John,  Vicar  of  St.  Laurence.  15  Serms.  on 
several  Subjects,  1741,  8vo. 

Fisher,  John,  Vicar  of  St.  John's  in  Peterborough. 
On  Perjury;  a  Serm.,  Lon.,  1753,  4to. 

Fisher,  John.  The  Valley  of  Llanherne  (Cornwall) 
and  other  Pieces  of  Verse,  1801,  12mo. 

Fisher,  John,  1748-1825,  a  native  of  Hampton,  edu 
cated  at  Peterhouse,  Camb.,  Bishop  of  Salisbury,  1807.  A 
Charge,  1805,  4to.  Serm.,  1806,  4to.  Serm.,  1807,  4to. 

Fisher,  Jonathan.  A  Picturesque  Tour  of  Killarney. 
With  20  Views,  Map,  &c.,  Lon.,  1791,  fol. 

Fisher,  Joseph.     Marriage ;  a  Serm.,  1695,  4to. 

Fisher,  Rev.  Joseph.  1.  Remarks  rel.  to  Lindsey's 
Scrip.  Confutation,  1775,  8vo.  Priestley's  Philos.  Necess., 
1779,  12mo. 

Fisher,  Joseph,M.D.  Practice  of  Medicine  made  Easy, 
Lon.,  1785,  8vo.  Coal  Works ;  Trans.  R.  Irish  Acad.,  v.  266. 

Fisher,  Miss  Kitty.  1.  The  Juvenile  Adventures 
of,  Lon.,  1759,  2  vols.  12mo.  2.  Her  Miscellany,  with  a 
Dramatic  Serm.  by  two  Methodist  Preachers,  1760,  8vo. 

Fisher,  Myles,  d.  1819,  aged  71,  a  lawyer  of  Phila 
delphia,  a  member  of  the  Society  of  Friends,  pub.  an 
answer  to  Paine's  Age  of  Reason. 

"  He  was  a  man  of  science,  and  an  eloquent  orator." — Mien's 
Amer.  Biog.  Diet. 

Fisher,  Nathaniel,  1742-1812,  Episcopal  minister 
at  Salem,  Mass.,  1781-1812,  was  a  native  of  Dedham, 
Mass.  Serms.,  1818,  8vo. 

Fisher,  Payne,  or,  as  he  styled  himself  in  his  Latin 
pieces,  Paganus  Piscator,  1616-93,  a  native  of  Dorsetshire, 
was  educated  at  Hart  Hall,  Oxf.,  and  Magdalen  Coll., 
Camb.  He  served  in  the  army  in  the  Netherlands,  and 
subsequently  in  Ireland  and  England,  where  he  was  ad 
vanced  to  the  rank  of  Major.  In  1644  he  served  at  the 
siege  of  York,  and  was  present  at  the  battle  of  Marston 
Moor,  which  he  "  celebrated  in  his  first  published  poem," 
1650,  4to.  He  subsequently  joined  the  Parliamentarians, 
and  became  poet-laureate  to  Cromwell.  Wood  gives  a  long 
list  of  his  pieces,  and,  of  course,  speaks  of  him  with  undis 
guised  contempt: 

"  Being  destitute  of  means  and  money,  he  retired  in  private  to 
London,  lived  there  by  his  wits,  favoured  by  his  pen  the  successful 
rebellion,  and,  as  a  true  time-server,  (incident  to  most  poets,)  ingra 
tiated  himself  so  much  with  the  great  men  then  in  power,  that  he 
did  homage  to,  and  became  at  length  poet-laureat  (or,  as  he  himself 
used  to  say,  scribbler)  to  Oliver,  the  protector  of  England,  a  pre 
tended  lover  of  musicians  and  poets;  but  the  niggardliness  and 
incompetency  of  his  reward  shewed  that  he  was  a  personated  act 
of  greatness,  and  that  private  Cromwell  did  govern  prince  Oliver 
After  his  majesty's  restoration  he  turned  about,  endeavoured  to 


T  express  the  great  sufferings  that  he  had  endured  for  his  loyalty; 
!  but  his  palpable  flatteries  of  the  great  men  in  the  interval  being 
I  notoriously  known,  he  could  obtain  nothing  but  what  his  wits  pro 
cured,  lived  always  poor,  as  not  knowing  the  true  value  of  money, 
and  void  of  a  prudential  foresight,  and  running  himself  much  in 
debt,  endured  several  years  imprisonment  in  the  Fleet,  and  be 
came  the  object  of  charity.  He  had  a  very  good  command  of  the 
j  Latin  pen;  it  being,  as  'twere,  natural  to  him,  and  was  esteemed 
j  by  many  judicious  persons  an  excellent  Latin  poet,  as  many  things 
I  of  that  faculty,  which  he  wrote  purposely  to  flatter  great  persons 
to  obtain  rewards,  shew." — Athen.  Oxon. 

A  collection  of  his  poems  was  pub.  in  1663,  8vo.  His 
Book  of  Heraldry  was  pub.  in  1682,  and  an  account  of 
The  Tombs,  Monuments,  Ac.  in  St.  Paul's  and  St.  Faith's, 
in  1684,  4to. 

Fisher,  Peter.     Monies  raised  in  Suffolk,  1648. 

Fisher,  Philip,  D.D.,  Master  of  Charterhouse.  Serm. 
on  Eccles.  ii.  1,  Lon.,  1811,  4to. 

Fisher,  R.  T.    Act  rel.  to  Wills,  Lon.,  1837,  12mo. 

Fisher,  Richard  Barnard.  1.  Copyhold  Tenure, 
Lon.,  1794,  8vo;  2d  ed.,  1803.  2.  Sketch  of  Lisbon, 
1811, 12mo.  3.  Importance  of  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope,  1814. 

Fisher,  Robert.  Serm.,  Prov.  xxiii.  23.  TractarU 
anisrn  opposed  to  Truth,  the  Safety  of  the  Ch.,  <fcc.,  Lon., 
1843,  8vo. 

Fisher,  Roger.  Heart  of  Oak  the  British  Bulwark, 
Lon.,  1763,  4to.  Advocates  the  propagation  of  Oak  Tim 
ber,  &c.  See  EVELYN,  JOHN;  title  Sylva. 

Fisher,  Samuel,  a  Quaker.  The  Testimony  of  Truth 
Exalted;  consisting  of  several  Treatises,  Lon.,  1679,  fol. 

Fisher,  Thomas.  Warlike  Directions;  or,  the  Sol 
dier's  Practice,  Lon.,  1643,  4to. 

Fisher,  Thomas.  1.  Bedfordshire  Antiquities,  1836, 
sm.  fol.  £8  8s.,  and  r.  fol.  £10  10s.  Nos.  1,  2,  3,  had  been 
pub.  in  1812,  '13,  r.  4to.  The  subjects  are  for  the  most 
part  inedited,  and  consist  of  Churches,  Priories,  Castles, 
Old  Houses,  Door  Ways,  Monuments,  Brasses,  Tombs, 
Fonts,  Crosses,  Ancient  Sculpture,  and  Miscellaneous  Anti 
quities.  An  Index  is  prefixed,  with  paginal  references  to 
Lyson's  History  of  the  County. 

2.  Warwickshire  Antiquities.     (First  part,  1807-09,  fol., 
3  pts.  not  completed;  33  plates.)     Edited  by  John  Gough 
Nichols,  1836,  r.  fol.  £10  10*. 

"  The  ancient  fresco  paintings  are  especially  curious,  as  having 
been  executed  in  England  in  an  age  of  which,  according  to  the 
opinion  of  Walpole  in  his  History  of  Painting,  no  specimens  of  the 
Art  existed.  Only  120  copies  were  printed,  and  that  number  can 
not  now  be  increased  without  an  enormous  expense,  as  many  of 
the  plates  have  been  destroyed." — Lon.  Gent.  Mag. 

Fisher,  Thomas.     Dial  of  the  Seasons,  Phila.,  8vo. 

Fisher,  Wm.     Serm.,  Lon.,  1580,  4to;  do.  1592,  8vo. 

Fisher,  Wm.     Serm.,  1716,  8vo. 

Fishlake,  J.  R.  1.  Greek  Grammar,  Lon.,  8vo.  2. 
Cat.  of  Irreg.  Greek  Verbs,  2d  ed.,  1844,  8vo. 

"  Buttman's  Catalogue  con  tains  all  those  prominent  irregularities 
so  fully  and  fundamentally  investigated,  that  I  was  convinced  a 
translation  of  them  would  prove  a  valuable  assistant  to  every 
lover  and  student  of  Greek  literature." — Preface. 

3.  Lexilogus :  Greek  Words  and  Passages  in  Homer, 
Hesiod,  <fcc.,  3d  ed.,  1846,  8vo. 

"A  most  able  disquisition.  It  contains  a  deeper  and  more  criti 
cal  knowledge  of  Greek,  more  extensive  research,  and  more  sound 
judgment,  than  we  ever  remember  to  have  seen  in  any  one  work 
before." — Lon.  Quarterly  Review. 

4.  Larger  Greek  Grammar,  3d  ed.,  by  Supf,  1848,  8vo. 
Fisk,  Prof.    Educational  works,  pub.  in  Boston,  Mass. 
Fisk,  George.     An  Analysis  of  Coke  upon  Littleton, 

in  a  Series  of  Questions  to  be  answd.  by  the  Student,  Lon., 
1824,  8vo. 

"  This  work  cannot  fail  to  be  inestimable  to  the  student  desirous 
of  a  thorough  knowledge  of  the  First  Institute." — Hoffman's  Leg. 
Stu.,  230. 

Fisk,  Pliny,  1792-1825,  a  native  of  Massachusetts,  a 
distinguished  missionary  in  the  East,  who  died  of  a  fever 
at  Beyroot,  prepared  an  English  and  Arabic  Dictionary, 
and  pub.  several  papers  in  the  Missionary  Herald.  See 
Alvin  Bond's  Life  of  Pliny  Fisk,  1828,  12mo. 

Fisk,  Wilbur,  D.D.,  d.  1839,  aged  46,  first  President 
of  the  Wesley  an  University,  Middletown,  Conn.,  an  emi 
nent  Methodist  divine,  pub.  several  theolog.  and  educa 
tional  works,  and  a  vol.  of  Travels  in  Europe,  which  has 
had  a  wide  circulation,  and  been  greatly  admired.  See 
Life  of  Dr.  Fisk  by  Prof.  Holdich,  N.  York,  1842,  8vo. 

Fiske,  Mrs.     Records  of  Fashion,  4to,  in  Nos. 

Fiske,  John,  1601-1677,  first  minister  of  Wenham 
and  Chelmsford,  Mass.  The  Olive  Branch  Watered,-  a 
Catechism. 

Fiske,  Jonathan.  1.  His  Case,  Lon.,  1781,  8vo. 
2.  Life  and  Transactions  of  Marq.  Nicolson,  1786,  8vo. 

Fiske,  Nathan  W.,  Prof,  of  Amherst  Coll.,  d.  1847, 
in  Palestine.  1.  Manual  of  Classical  Literature,  based 
upon  the  German  work  of  J.  J.  Eschenburg,  with  large 


FIS 


FIT 


addits.  and  a  sup.  vol.  of  plates,  Phila.,  1836;  4th  edit., 
1843.  The  first  three  parts  were  pub.  separately,  under 
the  title  of  Classical  Antiquities,  8vo.  2.  Young  Peter's 
Tour  around  the  World,  N.  York,  16mo.  3.  Story  of 
Aleck;  or,  The  Hist,  of  Pitcairn's  Island,  Boston,  ISmo. 

"  His  talents  were,  undoubtedly,  of  a  highly  respectable  order, 
his  modesty  remarkable,  while  the  high-toned  principles  of  honour 
which  governed  his  actions,  and  the  meekness,  humility,  and 
other  Christian  virtues  which  adorned  his  character,  were  such  as 
to  endear  him  to  those  who  were  acquainted  with  him." — EDWARD 
C.  BIDDLE,  of  Phila. 

Fiske,  Nathan,  D.D.,  1733-1799,  minister  of  Brook- 
field,  Mass.  Serms.,  Ac.,  1775-1801. 

Fiske,  Oliver,  d.  1837,  aged  74.  Medical  Essays  ; 
Miscellaneous  papers. 

Fissen,  ^lajor  J.  P.     The  Warning:  on  War,  1806. 

Fiston,  Win.     Germaine  Empire,  1-595,  4to. 

Fitch,  Rev.  Elijah,  1745-1788,  educated  at  Yale 
Coll.,  was  settled  at  Hopkinton,  Mass.,  where  he  died  in 
the  17th  year  of  his  ministry.  Poems :  The  Beauties  of 
Religion;  The  Choice;  Providence,  1789. 

Fitch,  J.     Receipts  for  making  Wines,  Lon.,  1815. 

Fitch,  Jabez,  1672-1746,  minister  of  Portsmouth, 
N.  Hampshire.  Serms.,  1727-36.  He  made  Collections 
rel.  to  N.  H.,  to  which  Dr.  Belknap  had  access. 

Fitch,  John,  1743-1798,  a  native  of  Windsor,  Con 
necticut,  gained  more  celebrity  than  profit  by  his  applica 
tion  of  "steam  power  to  water  craft."  His  first  experi 
ment  with  a  steamboat  (the  Perseverance)  on  the  Delaware 
River  was  made  May  1, 1787.  See  a  description  of  it  by  Dr. 
Thornton,  (Eminent  Mechanics,  p.  32,)  and  a  Life  of  Fitch 
by  Charles  Whittlesey,  in  Sparks's  Amer.  Biog.,  Second 
Series,  vi.  81.  1.  The  Original  Steamboat  supported,  <fcc., 
Phila.,  1788,  8vo.  This  is  against  Rumsey's  claim  to  pri 
ority,  as  asserted  in  his  pamphlet.  Joshua  Barnes  pub. 
an  answer  to  Fitch,  espousing  Rumsey's  claim,  in  the  same 
year,  8vo.  2.  An  Explan.  for  keeping  a  Ship's  Traverse 
at  Sea  by  the  Columbian  Ready  Reckoner,  Lon.,  1793. 

"The  diagrams  and  explanations  contained  in  this  book  of 
twenty  pages  show  a  high  mathematical  talent,  and  a  gift  of  sim 
plification  and  order  truly  remarkable  in  a  self-taught  mind." — 
Whitttesey's  Biog.,  ubi  supra. 

In  1858  was  pub.  Life  of  John  Fitch,  the  Inventor  of  the 
Steamboat,  by  Thompson  Westcott,  Phila.,  12mo,  pp.  415. 

"The  book  will  well  reward  perusal;  for  many  of  his  personal 
adventures  are  stranger  than  most  fiction,  while  the  details  with 
reference  to  the  early  history  of  steam-navigation  are  copious  and 
bear  all  the  marks  of  diligent  and  thorough  research." — A7.  Amer. 
Rev.,  July,  1858,  283. 

Fittler,  James.     Scotia  Depicta,  Lon.,  1804,  4to. 

Fitton,  Wm.,  M.D.    Con.  to  Trans.  Geol.  Soc.,  1811. 

Fitz,  Asa.     School-Books,  pub.  in  Boston. 

Fitz- Albion.  His  Letters  to  the  Rt.  Hon.  Wm.  Pitt 
and  the  Rt.  Hon.  H.  Addington,  Lon.,  1804,  8vo. 

Fitz- Brian,  B.     The  Good  Old  Cause,  1657,  4to. 

Fitzclarence,  Lt.-Col.,  Earl  of  Minister.  Jour 
nal  of  a  Route  across  India,  through  Egypt,  to  England,  in 
1817,  '18,  4to ;  1819,  4to.  Bought  up  by  the  noble  author. 

"A  lively  and  interesting  narrative." — Lon.  Quar.  Rev. 

"  Full  of  various  intelligence." — Lon.  Lit.  Gaz. 

Fitzcotton,  Henry.  New  and  accurate  trans,  of 
the  First  Book  of  Homer's  Iliad,  Dubl.,  Lon.,  1749,  8vo. 

Fitz-Geffry,  or  Fitz-Geoffry,  Charles,  1575- 
1636,  a  native  of  Cornwall,  educated  at  Broadgates  Hall, 
Oxf.,  became  Rector  of  St.  Dominick,  in  his  own  county. 
1.  The  Life  and  Death  of  Sir  Francis  Drake ;  a  Poem,  Oxf., 
1596,  12ino.  2.  Affanise  sive  Epigrammata,  Lib.  III.,  and 
Cenotaphia,  Lib.  L,  1601,  8vo.  He  appears,  also,  to  have 
been  the  author  of  a  prose  tract,  entitled,  A-  Curse  for 
Corne-horders,  1631,  4to,  and  a  religious  poem  called  The 
Blessed  Birth-day,  1634,  '36,  4to ;  1654,  sm.  8vo.  He  also 
pub.  some  serms.,  and  wrote  commendatory  lines  to  several 
publications.  Wood  erroneously  ascribes  to  him  the  col 
lection  of  poetry  entitled,  Choycest  Flowers,  Ac.,  known 
as  England's  Parnassus,  which  belongs  to  Allot;  but,  as 
Dr.  Bliss  suggests,  Fitz-Geffry  may  have  assisted  the  for 
mer.  Fitz-Geffry  was  highly  esteemed  by  his  contempo 
raries.  In  the  following  lines  we  have  both  his  mental 
and  physical  portrait: 

"Blind  Poet  Homer  you  doe  equalize, 
Though  he  saw  more  with  none,  then  with  most  eyes. 
Our  Geoffry  Chaucer,  who  wrote  quaintly  neat, 
In  verse  you  match,  equall  him  in  conceit: 
Featur'd  you  are  like  Homer  in  one  eye. 
Rightly  surnam'd  the  sonneof  Geoffery." 

Haymarts  Qiwdlibets.    See  Bliss's  Wood's  Athen.  Oxon. 

"Fitzgeffrey  obtained  the  applause*  of  many  contemporaries  for 
his  religious  strains,  and  not  without  deserving  them,  since  he 
Feems  to  have  performed  better  than  most  others  what  human 
intellect  can  never  adequately  accomplish." — See  Athen.  Oxon  • 
Brydgerfs  Phillips's  Theatrum  Poetarum;  CensnraLiteraria;  Brit 
Bibliographer. 


Fitz-Geffrey,  Henry.  Satyres  and  Epigrams, 
1617,  '20. 

Fitzgerald,  Lord.  His  Letter  discovering  a  Plot 
to  Kill  Protestants  in  Ireland,  Lon.,  1647,  4to. 

Fitzgerald,  Edward.  The  Regent's  Feat;  a  Poem, 
1811,  4to. 

Fitzgerald,  George  Robert.  1.  Appeal  to  The 
Jockey  Club,  Lon.,  1775,  8vo.  2.  Reply  to  T.  Walker, 
1775,  8vo.  3.  Appeals,  Ac.  4.  Doctrine  of  Indict,  at  Com 
mon  Law,  <fcc.,  Dubl.,  1782,  8vo.  5.  The  Riddle,  Lon., 
1787,  4to. 

Fitzgerald,  Gerald,  D.D.,  Hebrew  Prof,  in  Dublin 
University.     1.  The  Academic  Sportsman  ;  a  Poem,  Dubl 
4to;  Lon.,  1773.     2.  Originality  and  Permanence  of  the 
Biblical  Hebrew,  Dubl.,  1796,  8vo. 

"The  object  of  Dr.  Fitzgerald,  in  this  volume,  is  to  prove  the  di 
vine  origin  of  the  Hebrew  language,  and  that  its  letters  have  un 
dergone  no  change.  .  .  .  There  are  considerable  learning  and  acute- 
ness  discovered  in  this  tract;  but  several  of  its  positions  will  not 
be  assented  to  by  scholars."—  Orme's  Bibl.  Bib. 

3.  Poems,  8vo.  4.  A  Hebrew  Grammar  for  the  use  of 
the  Students  of  the  Univ.  of  Dublin,  1799,  8vo. 

"A  plain,  easy,  and  useful  introduction  to  the  Hebrew  tongue, 
in  English,  for  the  use  of  students  in  our  Universities,  and  par 
ticularly  in  the  University  of  Dublin."— Lon.  Monthly  Rev. 

"The  author  has  pursued  an  intermediate  method  between 
adopting  all  the  Masoretic  rites  and  rejecting  them  all  together, 
viz.,  by  retaining  the  vowel  points,  and  such  of  the  accents  as  are 
most  distinguishable  and  useful,  and  omitting  all  the  other  ac 
cents,  (the  number  of  which  is  considerable,)  which  he  deems 
wholly  unnecessary  in  the  present  state  of  the  Hebrew  tongue." — 
Home's  Sibl.  Sib. 

Fitzgerald,  James.     Poetical  Pastimes,  1811,  8vo. 

Fitzgerald,  John.  Tracts  on  the  Popish  Plot, 
1681,  fol. 

Fitzgerald,  Keane.  Letter  to  the  Directors  E.  I. 
Company,  Lon.,  1777,  8vo.  Steam  Engine,  «fcc.,  Phil. 
Trans.,  1757-82. 

Fitzgerald,  Rev.  P.  The  Hist.,  Topog.,  and  Antiq. 
of  Limerick,  &c.,  by  the  Rev.  P.  F.  and  I.  I.  McGregor, 
Dubl.,  1826,  '27,  2  vols.  8vo. 

Fitzgerald,  Preston.  The  Spaniard  and  Siorlamb, 
and  other  Poems,  1810,  8vo.  Spain  Delivered,  and  other 
Poems,  1813,  8vo. 

Fitzgerald,  Samuel,  M.D.  Con.  to  Med.  Com., 
1702. 

Fitzgerald,  Rev.  Wm.  Theolog.  and  other  works, 
1839-51. 

Fitzgerald,  Wm.  Thomas.  Prologues  and  Epi 
logues,  1793.  Other  poetical  pieces,  1793-1814. 

Fitz-Gibbon,  John,  Earl  of  Clare.     See  CLARE. 

Fitzgibbons,  John.  Cases  in  K.  B.,  C.  P.,  Ex.  and 
Ch.,  1728-33,  Lon.,  1732,  fol. 

"  It  is  of  no  authority." — LORD  HARDWTCKE. 

"  The  cases  in  this  book  are  very  incorrectly  reported." — CHIEF 
BARON  PARKER. 

The  learned  Judge  excepted  certain  cases  from  these 
censures :  see  Wallace's  Reporters ;  Marvin's  Leg.  Bibl. 

Fitzhenry,  James.  Observ.  on  passages  from  M. 
Baretti's  Jour,  from  London  to  Genoa,  Lon.,  1770,  8vo. 

Fitzherbert,  Sir  Anthony,  d.  1538,  an  eminent 
lawyer,  a  native  of  Norbury,  Devonshire,  was  educated  at 
Oxford;  Justice  of  the  Court  of  C.  Pleas,  1523.  1.  Le 
Graunde  Abridgement,  Lon.,  1514,  '16,  '65,  '77,  fol.  This 
valuable  work  contains  a  digest  of  all  the  cases  in  the  Year 
Books  down  to  the  21  Hen.  VIL,  "painfully  and  elabo 
rately  collected,"  and  Cases  from  the  reigns  of  Rich.  II., 
Edw.  I.  and  II.,  Hen.  III.,  and  many  readings  and  origi 
nal  authorities.  It  is  most  probable  that  Statham's  Abridge 
ment  was  pub.  before  Fitzherbert's. 

"The  character  of  the  Abridgements  of  Fitzherbert  and  Brooke 
[see  BROOKE,  SIR  ROBERT,  in  this  Dictionary]  may  be  summed  up 
in  a  few  words.  They  are  mere  indexes,  under  general  heads,  of 
the  principal  adjudged  cases  up  to  their  own  times,  in  which  the 
points  are  accurately  stated,  but  without  any  attention  to  order, 
or  any  attempt  at  classification.  As  repositories  of  the  old  law, 
they  now  maintain  a  very  considerable  value,  and  may  be  con 
sulted  with  advantage.  Whoever  examines  them  (for  a  thorough 
perusal  of  them  will  be  a  mere  waste  of  time)  will  probably  feel 
inclined,  when  he  can,  to  ascend  to  the  original  sources;  but  if 
these  should  not  be  within  his  reach,  he  may  rely  with  confidence 
that  these  learned  judges  have  not  indulged  themselves  in  a  care 
less  transcription  or  a  loose  statement  of  the  law.  In  our  own 
practice  we  have  frequently  found  them  the  safest  guides  to  the 
old  law,  and  particularly  to  the  contents  of  the  Year  Books." — 
JUDGE  STORY  :  N.  Amer.  Rev.,  art.  Dane's  Alwidgt.  of  Amer.  Law. 

See  also  Marvin's  Leg.  Bibl.,  and  authorities  there  re 
ferred  to.  In  Fulbeck's  Preparative  will  be  found  a  com 
parison  drawn  between  the  Abridgements  of  Brooke  and 
Fitzherbert.  2.  L'Office  et  Auctoritie  de  Justices  de  Peace. 
Written  in  French  in  1514,  trans,  into  English  in  1538; 
enlarged  by  Richard  Crompton,  1587,  4to.  See  CROMP- 
TON,  RICHARD.  Many  eds.  before  and  since  this  date. 


FIT 


FLA 


New  ed.,  1794,  2  vols.  r.  8vo.  The  eds.  between  1652  and 
1718  vary  but  little.  3.  The  Boke  of  Husbandrie,  1523,  4to. 
Many  eds.  This  is  the  first  work  in  the  English  language 
entirely  devoted  to  agriculture.  4.  The  Boke  of  Survey 
ing  and  Improuemets,  1523,  4to  ;  several  eds.  Respecting 
these  works,  see  Donaldson's  Agricult.  Biog.  5.  La  Novel 
Natura  Brevium,  1534,  8vo.  Between  this  and  the, New 
Natura  Brevium,  9th  ed.,  so  called,  with  a  Comment, 
ascribed  to  Sir  Matthew  Hale,  twenty  imprints  appeared. 
For  particulars  of  eds.,  <fcc.  of  this  and  Sir  Anthony's 
other  works,  see  Marvin's  Leg.  Bibl.;  Bibl.  Brit.;  Lown- 
des's  Bibl.  Man. 

"  The  Natura  Brevium  is  esteemed  an  exact  work,  excellently 
well  penn'd,  and  hath  been  much  admired  by  the  noted  men  in 
the  common  law." — Athen.  Ooron. 

"  An  exact  work,  exquisitely  penned." — LORD  COKE. 

"  He  is  observed  in  this  book  never  to  cite  any  authority  but 
where  the  case  is  rare  and  doubtfu] ;  following  herein  the  great 
example  of  Sir  Tho.  Littleton  in  his  famous  Treatise  on  Tenures. 
It  was  carefully  reviewed  and  corrected  by  W.  Kastal.  who  added 
a  table  and  some  proper  ornaments  to  what  its  excellent  author 
seems  to  have  left  unfinished." — Bishop  Nicolson's  Eng.  Hist. 
Lib.,  190. 

The  Boke  of  Husbandrie  has  been  ascribed  to  another 
Anthony  Fitzherbert,  and  also  to  John  Fitzherbert,  Sir 
Anthony's  brother,  but  we  think  in  both  cases  without 
sufficient  reason.  See  Biog.  Brit. ;  Athen.  Oxon. ;  Shaw's 
Staffordshire ;  Bridgman's  Leg.  Bibl. 

Fitzherhert,  E.  H.     See  FALCONER,  THOMAS. 

Fitzherbert,  Nicholas,  1550?-1612,  grandson  of  the 
preceding,  educated  at  Exeter  Coll.,  Oxf.,  was  a  zealous 
Roman  Catholic,  and  became  secretary  to  Cardinal  Alan. 
1.  Casae  Galataei  de  Bonis  Moribus,  Rome,  1595.  A  trans, 
from  the  Italian.  2.  Oxoniensis  in  Anglia  Academics  De- 
scriptio,  1602,  8vo.  3.  De  Antiquitate  et  Continua,tione 
Catholicae  Religionis  in  Anglia,  1608,  '38,  Svo.  4.  Vita9 
Cardinalis  Alani  Epitome,  1608. 

"Accounted  eminent  for  his  knowledge  in  both  the  laws  and  in 
human  literature." — Athen.  Oxon. 

Fitzherbert,  Thomas,  1552-1640,  cousin  of  the  pre 
ceding,  and  also  a  zealous  Roman  Catholic,  was  educated 
at  Oxford.  In  1614  he  became  a  Jesuit  at  Rome,  and  was 
Rector  of  the  English  College  in  that  city  for  23  years. 
He  pub.  a  Treatise  concerning  Policy  and  Religion,  Doway, 
1606-10,  4to,  and  several  tracts  in  defence  of  his  Church, 
for  a  list  of  which  see  Athen.  Oxon. 

Fitzherbert,  Sir  Wm.,  1748-1791,  of  the  same 
family  as  the  preceding,  was  educated  at  St.  John's  Coll., 
Camb.  1.  On  the  Knights  Made  in  1778.  Ascribed  to 
him.  2.  Revenue-Laws.  3.  Maxims. 

Fitzhugh,  George.  Sociology  for  the  South;  or, 
The  Failure  of  Free  Society,  Richmond,  1855,  12mo. 

Fitzhugh,  Wm.  Henry,  1792-1830,  V.  Pres.of  Amer. 
Colonization  Society.  1.  Essays :  Opinions  in  favour  of  the 
Amer.  Col.  Soc.,  pub.  in  Richmond  Inquirer,  1826.  2. 
Speech  at  9th  Anniversary  Amer.  Col.  Soc.  3.  Review  of 
Tazewell's  Report  in  Afric.  Repos.,  1828. 

Fitz-James,  James,  Duke  of  Berwick.  See  BER 
WICK. 

Fits-James,  Oswald.  The  Wandsworth  Epistle. 
In  Metre,  Lon.,  1762,  4to. 

Fitz- John,  Matilda.    Joan ! ! !  a  Nov.,  1796,  4  vols. 

Fitzosborne,  Sir  Thomas,  f.  e.  Melmoth,  Wm., 

q.  v. 

Fitzpatrick,  H.  Penal  Laws  affecting  R.  Catholics  ; 
pub.  by  order  of  the  Catholic  Committee,  Dubl.,  181*2,  Svo. 

Fitzpatrick,  Sir  Jeremiah.     Slave  Trade,  1797. 

Fitzpatrick,  John,  M.D.     Con.  to  Med.  Com.,  1784. 

Fitzpatrick,  R.  W.    Railway  Rights,  Lon.,  1846,  Svo. 

Fitzsimon,  Henry,  1569-1644,  a  native  of  Dublin, 
educated  at  Oxford,  was  a  zealous  Jesuit.  He  wrote  a  Jus 
tification  of  the  Mass,  1611,  4to,  a  Cat.  of  the  Irish  Saints, 
1621,  Svo,  and  some  other  theolog.  treatises,  in  defence  of 
his  faith.  See  Athen.  Oxon. 

"  The  most  noted  Jesuit  of  his  time."—  UU  supra. 

Fitzsmith,  Richard.     Ephemeris  for  1654,  12mo. 

Fitzroy,  Capt.  Robert.     See  DARWIN,  CHARLES. 

Fitzstephen,  Wm.,  d.  about  1191,  an  English  histo 
rian,  was  a  monk  of  Canterbury,  and  a  devoted  adherent 
of  Archbishop  Becket,  whose  Life  he  compiled  in  Latin 
under  the  title  of  The  Life  and  Passion  of  Archbishop 
Becket,  written,  according  to  Dr.  Pegge,  between  1170  and 
1 182.  To  this  work  is  prefixed  a  description  of  the  city  of 
London,  the  earliest  we  have  after  Domesday  Book,  a  trans, 
of  which  was  pub.  by  Stowe  in  his  Survey  of  London. 
This  edition  being  obsolete,  and,  indeed,  incorrect,  Dr. 
Pegge  pub.  in  1772,  4to,  an  edit,  with  the  Latin  and  Eng 
lish,  a  Commentary,  a  Dissert,  on  the  Author,  and  various 
Readings  and  Annotations. 


<l  We  may  challenge  any  nation  in  Europe  to  produce  an  account 
of  its  capital,  or  any  account  of  its  great  cities,  at  so  remote  a  pe 
riod  as  the  twelfth  century." — DR.  PEQGE. 

Fitzwaters,  Col.     Petition  to  H.  Com.,  1642,  4to. 

Fitzwilliam,  Charles  William,  Earl,  in  conjunc 
tion  with  Sir  Richard  Bourke,  edited  the  Correspondence 
of  Edmund  Burke,  1774-97,  Lon.,  1844,  4  vols.  Svo. 
Reprinted  in  the  new  ed.  of  Burke's  Works  and  Corresp., 
1852,  8  vols.  Svo. 

Fitzwilliam,  G.  W.  The  Pleasures  of  Love,  from 
the  Asiatic  and  European  Languages,  1806;  2d  ed.,  im 
proved. 

"  His  original  poems  are  few  in  number,  but  they  display  both 
taste  and  genius."— Anti-Jacobin  Rev.,  1806. 

Fitzwilliam,  John,  D.D.,  Canon  of  Windsor.  £erm., 
Lon.,  1683,  4to.  Do.,  1686,  12mo. 

Fitzwilliam,  William  Wentworth,  Earl,  1748- 
1833,  Lord-Lieutenant  of  Ireland,  1794-95.  Two  Letters 
to  the  Earl  of  Carlisle,  explaining  the  Causes  of  his  Recall 
from  Ireland,  1795,  8vo. 

Fizerburtus,  Nic.     See  FITZHERBERT. 

Fizes,  M.     Suppuration,  Lon.,  1759,  Svo. 

Flagg,  Edmund,  born  in  Wicasset,  Maine,  in  1815; 
graduated  at  Bowdoin  Coll.,  1835;  admitted  to  the  bar, 
1837 ;  edited  the  St.  Louis  Daily  Commercial  Bulletin,  1838  ; 
associate  editor  with  George  D.  Prentice  of  the  Louisville 
Literary  News-Letter,  1838-39;  practised  law  in  Vicks- 
burg,  Miss.,  with  the  Hon.  Sargent  S.  Prentiss,  1840,  <fcc.; 
conductor  of  the  Gazette,  pub.  at  Marietta,  Ohio,  1842; 
conducted  the  St.  Louis  Evening  Gazette,  1844-45 ;  subse 
quently  Reporter  of  the  Courts  of  St.  Louis  county ;  secre 
tary  to  the  Hon.  Edward  A.  Hannegan,  American  Minister 
to  Berlin,  1848;  subsequently  practised  law  at  St.  Louis; 
U.  States  Consul  for  the  Port  of  Venice,  1850 ;  subsequently 
conductor  of  a  democratic  newspaper  at  St.  Louis. 

In  1836  Mr.  Flagg  wrote  Sketches  of  a  Traveller,  for  the 
Louisville  Journal;  these  papers  were  afterwards  pub.  in 
a  work  entitled  The  Far  West,  N.  York,  1838,  2  vols.  His 
other  works  are — Carrero,  or  the  Prime  Minister  :  a  Novel ; 
Francois  of  Valois:  a  Novel;  The  Howard  Queen:  a  No 
vel;  Blanche  of  Artois :  a  Novel;  several  other  novels,  and 
some  dramas;  Venice,  The  City  of  the  Sea,  1797-1849,  N. 
York,  1853,  2  vols.  12mo.  A  third  vol.,  to  be  entitled  North 
Italy  since  1849,  will  shortly  be  given  to  the  world.  See 
Duyckincks'  Cyc.  of  Amer.  Lit.  Those  who  would  have 
a  vivid  conception  of  Venice  in  her  latter  days  must  not 
fail  to  read  Mr.  Flagg's  City  of  the  Sea. 

"  A  carefully-compiled,  poetically-written  digest  of  the  history 
of  glorious  old  Venice." — N.  Y.  Knickerbocker. 

Flagg,  J.  F.  B.,  M.D.,  a  resident  of  Philadelphia, 
was  b.  in  Boston,  Mass.,  1804.  Ether  and  Chloroform : 
their  Employment  in  Surgery,  Dentistry,  Midwifery, 
Therapeutics,  Ac.,  Phila.,  1851,  12mo.  This  work  has 
been  highly  commended. 

Flagg,  Wilson.  Studies  in  Field  and  Forest,  Bosk, 
1856,  12mo.  Highly  commended  by  Lon.  Critic,  Ac. 

Flaherty,  or  O 'Flaherty,  Roderic,  an  Irish  his 
torian,  a  native  of  Moycullin,  county  of  Galway.  Ogygia, 
seu  Rerum  Hibernicarum  Chronologia,  Lon.,  1685,  4to. 
Trans,  into  Eng.  by  Rev.  James  Hely,  Dubl.,  1793,  2  vols. 
Svo.  See  an  account  of  this  work  in  Ware's  Ireland,  by 
Harris,  and  in  Bishop  Nicolson's  Irish  Hist.  Lib.  Flaherty 
was  something  like  an  antiquarian :  the  Christian  era  was 
with  him  quite  a  modern  date.  Let  us  see  what  he  pro 
mised  the  Duke  of  York :  the  italics  are  our  own : 

"  His  patron,  the  then  Duke  of  York,  afterwards  King  James 
the  Second,  is  encouraged  to  expect  a  complete  chain  of  his  royal 
ancestors  in  a  right  line  of  an  hundred  and  twenty-four  generations 
from  Adam  ;  whereof  eleven  were  before  the  flood,  twenty-six  between 
that  epocha  and  their  settlement  here,  fifty-one  in  Ireland,  and 
thirty-six  in  Scotland;  but  afterwards  he  seems  not  to  be  sure  of 
making  out  the  regal  stem,  without  interruption,  for  above  2700 
years." — Bishop  Nicolson's  Irish  Hist.  Lib. 

What  a  sad  falling  off!     Quite  a  modern  affair,  after  all. 

"  Dr.  Loftus  said  that  among  all  the  chronological  treatises  of 
Ireland  which  he  had  perused,  he  found  none  written  with  that 
exactness,  diligence,  and  judgment,  as  this." — Ware's  Ireland. 

Flamsteed,  John,  1646-1719,  the  first  royal  astro 
nomer,  a  native  of  Denby,  Derbyshire,  was  ordained  by 
Bishop  Gunning  in  1675,  and  received  the  living  of  Bur- 
stow,  Surrey,  about  1684.  He  was  devoted  to  astronomical 
investigations,  and  pub.  some  treatises  and  a  number  of 
papers  in  Phil.  Trans.,  1672-1713,  upon  his  favourite  pur 
suit.  His  principal  work,  Historia  Coalestis  Britannieee, 
libri  duo,  was  not  pub.  in  a  complete  shape  until  after  his 
death,  when  the  necessary  additions  were  made,  and  it  was 
given  to  the  world  in  1725,  3  vols.  fol.  This  contains  the 
places  of  2934  stars.  An  imperfect  edit,  was  pub.  in  1712, 
fol.,  without  Flamsteed's  consent.  In  some  respects  it  is 
said  to  be  more  accurate  than  the  authorized  edit.  It  con- 

601 


FLA 


FLA 


tains  only  2680  stars.  To  the  preceding  work  is  often  | 
joined  the  Atlas  Coelestis,  1729,  '53,  fol.  Some  of  Flam-  j 
steed's  MSS.,  discovered  by  Mr.  Francis  Baily  in  the  Ob-  j 
servatory  at  Greenwich,  together  with  some  of  his  letters  j 
and  autobiographical  memoranda,  were  pub.  in  1835  by  j 
order  of  the  Lords  of  the  Admiralty.  To  these  we  must 
refer  the  reader,  and  also  to  the  Biog.  Brit,  j  Whiston's  j 
Life;  Lysons's  Environs;  Ward's  Gresham  Professors;  ; 
Martin's  Biog.  Philosophica ;  Button's  Diet.;  Chalmers's  j 
Biog.  Diet 

"The  ffistoria  Cdestis  Britannica  contains  our  first  trustworthy  j 
catalogue  of  the  fixed  stars — the  first  at  least  which  is  available 
for  modern  objects;  and  the  mass  of  lunar  observations  made  by  j 
Flamsteed  furnished  Newton  the  means  of  carrying  out  and  veri-  j 
fying  his  immortal  discovery  of  Gravitation." — JOHN  P.  NICHOL, 
LL.D.,  Prrfes.  of  Astronomy  in  the  Univ.  of  Glasgow. 

The  following  remarks  of  M.  Sigorgne,  (1719-1809,) 
Member  of  the  Sorbonne,  and  Professor  of  Philosophy  in 
the  Univ.  of  Paris,  are  interesting  in  this  connection: 

"  With  respect  to  the  primary  planets,  the  attraction  of  the  sun 
only  is  sufficient  to  oblige  them  to  describe  ellipses,  but  as  they 
ought  also  to  attract  each  other,  there  was  some  room  to  apprehend  ! 
that  the  regularity  of  their  motion  might  be  thereby  somewhat  | 
disturbed.  We  ought,  however,  to  take  Sir  Isaac  Newton's  word 
upon  this  head,  since  we  shall  presently  see  from  what  he  has  done, 
that  there  is  no  reason  to  be  in  pain  upon  this  account.  According 
to  his  observation,  bodies  attract  each  other  in  a  direct  proportion 
of  the  quantities  of  matter  they  contain,  and  the  converse  propor 
tion  of  the  squares  of  their  distances,  and  in  ibis  proportion  it  is 
that  the  planets  affect  each  other.  Now  if  the  Newtonian  Philoso 
phy  be  true,  there  is  a  certain  method  of  knowing  the  quantity  of 
matter  in  the  planets,  and  consequently  of  calculating  the  force  of 
their  impressions;  such  a  calculation  being  made,  it  appears  that 
Mars,  our  Earth,  Venus,  and  Mercury,  attract  each  other  so  little 
in  proportion  to  the  force  with  which  they  are  attracted  by  the  sun, 
that  the  disorder  arising  from  thence  must  be  altogether  imper 
ceptible  in  many  revolutions;  and  hence  there  appears  a  wonder 
ful  agreement  between  the  principles  of  this  philosophy  and  the 
phaenomena.  But  this  agreement  appears  still  more  clearly  in  what 
happens  with  respect  to  Jupiter  and  Saturn;  the  quantity  of  mat 
ter  in  Jupiter  is  so  great,  that  the  calculation  demonstrates  the 
effects  of  its  attraction  upon  Saturn  ought  to  be  very  sensible  in 
the  time  of  their  conjunction.  Sir  Isaac  Newton  predicted  this  to 
the  Astronomers  Flamsteed  and  Halley,  but  the  former  of  these 
great  men  gave  no  credit  at  all  to  that  prediction.  However,  the 
conjunction  of  those  two  planets  approaching,  this  singular  obser 
vation  was  made  for  the  first  time,  and  the  consequence  was,  that 
the  calculation  was  exactly  verified.  This  procured  the  Newtonian 
Philosophy  the  approbation  of  so  great  an  Astronomer  as  Flam- 
steed;  indeed  it  would  have  been  very  difficult  for  him  to  have 
denied  it." — Preface  aux  Institutions  Newtonienne.s,  p.  xvii.,  xviii. 

"Galileo  Galilei  was  the  first  who  discovered  four  planets  moving 
constantly  round  Jupiter,  from  thence  usually  called  his  satellites, 
which  afterwards  were  observed  to  have  a  constant,  regular,  and 
periodical  motion.  This  motion  is  now  so  exactly  known,  that  Mr. 
Flamsteed,  who  is  one  of  the  most  accurate  observers  that  ever 
was,  has  been  able  to  calculate  tables  of  the  eclipses  of  the  several 
satellites,  according  to  which,  Astronomers  in  different  quarters 
of  the  world,  having  notion  of  the  precise  time  when  to  look  for 
them,  have  found  them  to  answer  to  his  predictions,  and  published 
their  observations  accordingly." — DR.  WM.  WOTTON:  Reflexions 
upon  Ancient  and  Modern  Learning. 

"Mr.  Flamsteed,  with  indefatigable  pains,  for  more  than  forty 
years,  watched  the  motions  of  the  stars,  and  has  given  us  innu 
merable  observations  of  the  sun,  moon,  and  planets,  which  he  made 
with  very  large  instruments  exactly  divided  by  most  exquisite  art, 
and  fitted  with  telescopical  sights."— Da.  JOHN  KEIL:  Pref.  to  his 
Introduc.  to  the  true  Philos.  See  Biog.  Brit. 

Flanagan,  S.  W.  and  C.  Kelly.  Reports  in  Chan. 
Bolls  Ct.  temp.  Sir  M.  O'Loghlen,  Dubl.,  1843,  8vo. 

Flanders,  Henry,  b.  at  Plainfield,  New  Hampshire. 
1.  A  Treatise  on  Maritime  Law,  Bost.,  1853,  8vo. 

"  It  has  been  carefully  and  elegantly  written,  the  authorities  are 
numerous,  and  appear  to  be  cited  with  exactness,  and  within  its 
scope,  it  forms  a  complete  treatise  on  the  subject  which  it  em 
braces." — Phila.  Leg.  Intel. 

2.  A  Treatise  of  the  Law  of  Shipping,  Phila.,  1853,  8vo. 
"  I  think  it  is  a  valuable  addition  to  our  stock  of  Maritime 

Laws,  and  that  the  author  is  well  grounded  in  his  trust  that  he 
had  done  the  profession  some  service.  I  have  only  been  able  to 
bring  it  to  their  further  notice,  by  citing  it  in  the  second  edition 
of  my  third  volume  of  the  Law  of  Evidence,  now  in  press." — S. 
GREENLEAF:  Cambridge,  Sept.  5,  1853. 

3.  Lives  and  Times  of  the  Chief  Justices  of  the  United 
States:    First  Series.    1.  John  Jay.      2.  John  Rutledge, 
Phila.,  1855,  8vo. 

"  Mr.  Flanders  has  written  his  work  in  a  clear  and  concise  style. 
and  has  mingled  with  the  biographical  notices  enough  of  the  in 
cidents  and  stirring  mementoes  of  those  times,  to  make  the  work 
exceedingly  interesting."— Norton's  (N.  York)  Lit.  Gaz. 

"Mr.  Flnnders  has  fully  comprehended  the  difficulties  and  du 
ties  of  his  task,  and  fans  accomplished  it  with  great  skill  and  com 
pleteness.  .  .  .  The  author  has  access  to  original  sources  of  in 
formation,  and  considerable  matter  hitherto  unpublished,  shedding 

new  light  on  our  earlier  history,  will  be  found  in  its  pages." 

American  Law  Register. 

Second  Series — Wm.  Gushing,  Oliver  Ellsworth,  and  John 

Marshall — was  pub.  in  1858,  8vo :    see  VAN  SANTVOORD, 

GEORGE.   4.  Memoirs  of  Richard  Cumberland,  with  Notes, 

1856,  8vo :  see  CUMBERLAND,  RICHARD. 

602 


Flather,  John.  1.  Index  to  Equity  Reports,  1803- 
22,  Lon.,  r.  8vo,  1823-25.  This  forms  a  supt.  to  Bridg- 
man's  Equity  Digest.  2.  Ct.  of  Bkrupt.  Act,  1832, 
12mo.  3.  New  Bkrupt.  Act,  2d  ed.,  1842,  12mo.  4.  New 
Stat.  rel.  to  Insolv.  &  B.,  1845,  12mo.  5.  Bkrupt.  Law 
Consol.  Act,  1849,  12rno. 

Flatman,  Thomas,  1633-1672,  a  native  of  London, 
educated  at  Oxford,  was  skilled  in  law,  painting,  and 
poetry.  A  collection  of  poems,  entitled  Virtus  Rediviva, 
<fcc.,  by  T.  F.,  pub.  in  1660,  may  be  his,  but  Wood  will  not 
affirm  it.  In  addition  to  minor  pieces  of  his  in  verse  and 
prose,  pub.  separately,  there  appeared  in  1674,  '86,  8vo, 
a  collection  of  his  poems  and  songs;  also  pub.  1676,  '82, 
'86.  He  composed  Pindaric  Odes  on  the  death  of  the 
Duke  of  Albemarle,  the  Earl  of  Ossory,  Prince  Rupert, 
and  Charles  II.  For  that  on  the  Earl  of  Ossory,  the 
Duke  of  Ormond,  his  father,  presented  the  author  with  a 
diamond  ring  worth  £100.  Granger  does  not  value  his 
Pindarics  very  highly: 

"  Flatman  really  excelled  as  an  artist :  a  man  must  want  ears 
for  harmony  that  can  admire  his  poetry,  and  even  want  eyes  that 
can  cease  to  admire  his  painting.  It  does  our  author  some  honour 
that  Mr.  Pope  has  very  closely  copied  several  of  his  verses,  in  his 
ode  of  'The  Dying  Christian  to  his  Soul.'  .  .  .  Some  of  his  taste 
less  contemporaries  thought  him  equally  excellent  in  both ;  but 
one  of  his  heads  is  worth  a  ream  of  his  Pindarics;  I  had  almost 
said  all  the  Pindarics  written  in  this  reign.  His  works  are  ex 
tremely  scarce." — Biog.  Hist,  o/  Eng. 

Oldys,  in  the  following  epigram,  refers  to  the  three  facul 
ties  in  which  he  was  skilled,viz.:  Law,  Painting,  and  Poetry : 
"  Should  Flatman  for  his  client  strain  the  Laws, 
The  painter  gives  some  colour  to  the  cause; 
Should  critics  censure  what  the  Poet  writ, 
The  pleader  quits  him  at  the  bar  of  wit." 
Charles  Cotton  highly  commends  Flatman's  poems  and 
songs. 

"  these  with  force  are  writ, 

As  full  of  sinewy  strength  as  well  as  wit." 
It  appears  from  the  following  bit  of  gossip  of  old  An 
thony  Wood — who  dearly  loves  a  sly  joke — that  Master 
Flatman,  like  many  bachelors  of  modern  times,  sometimes 
amused  himself  with  ridiculing  the  connubial  happiness 
which  he  afterwards  gladly  embraced : 

"  This  person  was  in  his  younger  days  much  against  marriage, 
to  the  dislike  of  his  father,  and  made  a  song  describing  the  cuni- 
brances  with  it,  beginning  thus : 

'  Like  a  dog  with  a  bottle  ty'd  close  to  his  tail, 
Like  a  tory  in  a  bog,  or  a  thief  in  a  jayle,'  &c. 
But  being  afterwards  smitten  with  a  fair  virgin,  and  more  with 
her  fortune,  [unkind  Anthony  !]  did  espouse  her,  26th  Nov.,  1672, 
whereupon  bis  ingenious  comrades  did  serenade  him  that  night 
with  the  said  song." — Athen.  Oxon. 

This  is  just  such  a  story  as  we  might  expect  from  such 
a  crusty  old  bachelor  as  Anthony  a  Wood. 

Flatters,  J.  J.     The  Paradise  Lost  of  Milton  illus 
trated  :  54  Plates  for  Sculptors,  Artists,  Ac.,  Lon.,  1851,  fol. 
Flavel,  John.    Tractatus  de  Demonstratione,  Oxon., 
1619,  8vo. 

Flavel,  John,  1627F-1691,  an  eminent  Nonconformist 
Calvinistic  divine,  a  native  of  Worcestershire,  was  edu 
cated  at  University  Coll.,  Oxf. ;  Rector  of  Diptford,  De 
vonshire,  about  1650;  removed  to  Dartmouth,  1656; 
ejected  for  nonconformity,  1662.  He  was  an  excellent  man, 
and  full  of  zeal  in  the  cause  of  religion.  1.  Husbandry 
Spiritualized,  Lon.,  1669,  4to.  2.  A  Saint  Indeed,  1673, 
1803,  8vo.  3.  Divine  Conduct,  1678,1814,  8vo ;  1691, 
12mo.  4.  The  Touchstone  of  Sincerity,  1679,  8vo.  5.  Per 
sonal  Reformation,  1691,  12mo.  6.  Remains,  1691,  Svo. 
7.  Expos,  of  the  Assemblie's  Catechism,  1692,  8vo.  8.  The 
Soul  of  Man,  1698,  4to.  9.  Method  of  Grace,  1698,  4to. 
Works,  1673,  2  vols.  fol.;  1701,  2  vols.  fol.;  1740,  2  vols. 
fol.;  Paisley,  1770,  6  vols.  Svo;  Newcast.,  1797,  6  vols. 
Svo.  Other  eds.  Many  of  his  separate  pieces  have  been 
frequently  pub. 

New  ed.  of  works,  1820,  6  vols.  8vo.  Select  Works,  by 
C.  Bradley,  1823,  2  vols.  12mo.  Select  Works,  with  Life, 
1833,  Svo.  Among  the  most  esteemed  of  his  works  are 
Husbandry  Spiritualized,  Navigation  Spiritualized,  The 
Fountain  of  Life,  Method  of  Grace,  Divine  Conduct.  The 
writings  of  but  few  authors  have  been  so  highly  com 
mended  as  those  of  John  Flavel. 

" Plain,  popular,  and  tender;  proper  to  address  afflicted  cases, 
and  to  melt  the  soul  in  love.  His  Token  for  Mourners  is  inimi 
table.  Allusions  to  Pagan  stories  both  in  Butes  and  him  are  en 
tertaining  and  useful."— DB.  DODDRIDGE. 

"  In  Flavel  you  will  find  the  true  savour  of  plain,  lively,  useful 
preaching." — COTTON  MATHER. 

"Fervent  and  affectionate,  with  a  masterly  hand  at  probing  the 
conscience  and  striking  the  passions." — HERVEY. 

"Of  Mr.  Flavel's  learning,  his  works  contain  sufficient  evidence; 
and  his  printed  Sermons,  which  are  a  model  for  preachers,  prove 
him  t«  have  been  a  master  of  that  species  of  eloquence  which  reign* 
over  the  heart." — BOGUE  AND  B.ENNKTT. 


FLA 


FLE 


"  There  are  few  writers  of  a  more  unexceptionable,  experimental,  ] 
affectionate,  practical,  popular,  arid  edifying  character  than  Fla- 
vel." — Bicktrsteth's  C.  S. 

The  Token  for  Mourners  is  included  in  the  vol.  entitled 
The  Mourner's  Companion,  1825,  12mo.  See  GORDON, 
ROBERT. 

Flavel,  Phineas.  The  Grand  Evil  of  the  Disciple's 
Heart  Discovered,  Lon.,  1676,  8vo. 

Flaxman,  John,  1755-1826,  an  eminent  English 
sculptor,  was  a  native  of  York,  but  at  an  early  age  removed 
to  London  with  his  father,  a  manufacturer  of  plaster  casts. 
As  a  boy,  much  of  his  time  was  occupied  in  making  mo 
dels  in  clay,  which  evinced  a  remarkable  genius  for  the 
art  in  which  he  afterwards  became  so  eminent.  In  1787 
he  visited  Rome,  where,  during  a  residence  of  seven  years, 
he  executed  his  celebrated  designs  in  outline  from  Homer, 
JEschylus,  and  Dante.  The  three  series  were  engraved  for 
him  by  Piroli.  The  designs  from  the  Iliad  and  Odyssey 
were  made  for  Mr.  Hare  Naylor;  those  from  Dante  for 
Mrs.  Thomas  Hope  ;  and  those  from  jEschylus  for  the  late 
Countess  Spencer.  The  Homer  was  pub.  in  1793,  4to; 
again,  with  addit.  plates,  1805,  2  vols.  fol. ;  the  ^Eschylus 
in  1795  ;  again,  1831,  fol. ;  Dante  in  1807,  ob.  fol.  j  Hesiod 
— made  after  his  return  to  England,  1817,  ob.  fol.  There 
have  been  Italian,  French,  and  German  eds.,  of  which  we 
notice  especially  the  (Euvres  de  Flaxman,  par  M.  Nitot, 
Dufresne,  Paris,  1823,  which  contains  the  Homer,  JEs- 
chylus,  and  Hesiod,  with  text.  Whilst  at  Rome,  he  also 
executed  for  the  late  Earl  of  Bristol  his  magnificent  group, 
representing  the  Fury  of  Athamas,  from  Ovid's  Metamor 
phoses,  consisting  of  four  figures  larger  than  life.  For 
this  he  received  a  sum  insufficent  to  defray  the  cost — 
£600.  This  group  is  preserved  at  Ickworth,  the  seat  of 
the  Earl  of  Bristol,  in  Suffolk.  At  this  period  also  he 
produced  his  "Cephalus  and  Aurora,"  for  Mr.  Hope.  In 
1794  he  returned  to  England,  and  commenced  the  monu 
ment  to  Lord  Mansfield,  now  in  Westminster  Abbey,  for 
which  he  had  received  an  order  before  he  left  Rome.  For 
this  he  was  paid  £2500.  Among  his  other  works  may  be 
mentioned  the  monument  to  Lord  Nelson,  the  figure  of 
Sir  Joshua  Reynolds,  the  monument  to  the  family  of  Sir 
Francis  Baring,  in  Micheldean  Church,  Satan  and  Mi 
chael,  for  Lord  Egremont,  the  monument  to  Collins,  the 
poet,  in  Chichester  Cathedral,  the  monument  to  Miss 
Cromwell,  to  Earl  Howe,  to  Warren  Hastings,  to  Lord 
and  Lady  Palmerston,  and  the  beautiful  design  of  The 
Shield  of  Achilles,  (See  Homer's  Iliad,  Book  xviii.)  for 
Messrs.  Rundell  and  Bridge.  For  this  last  he  received 
£620,  and  four  casts  of  it  were  taken  in  silver  gilt,  each 
estimated  at  £2000.  This  is  one  of  his  greatest  productions. 
"A  divine  work,  unequalled  in  the  combination  of  beauty, 
vanity,  and  grandeur,  which  the  genius  of  Michael  Angelo  could 
not  have  surpassed." — SIR  THOMAS  LAWRENCE. 

In  1831  (ob.  fol.)  were  pub.  his  eight  beautiful  composi 
tions  of  The  Acts  of  Mercy,  in  the  manner  of  ancient 
sculpture,  engraved,  in  imitation  of  the  original  drawings, 
by  F.  C.  Lewis.  His  Lectures  on  Sculpture,  as  delivered 
by  him  at  the  Royal  Academy,  illustrated  by  52  plates, 
appeared  in  1829.  New  cd.,  with  addits.,  and  an  Address 
on  the  Death  of  Flaxman,  1838,  8vo.  We  have  already 
lingered  over  the  memory  of  this  eminent  sculptor  for  a 
greater  length  of  time  than  can  well  be  justified  in  a  Dic 
tionary  of  Literature,  but  cannot  conclude  without  record 
ing  some  tributes  from  eminent  authorities  to  the  merits 
of  one  who  has  been  denominated  by  judges  of  no  con 
temptible  authority — including  even  Canova  himself — the 
greatest  sculptor  of  modern  times. 

"The  greatest  of  modern  sculptors  was  our  illustrious  country 
man,  John  Flaxman.  lie  not  only  had  all  the  fine  feeling  of  the 
ancient  Greeks,  (which  Canova  in  a  degree  possessed.)  but  united 
to  it  a  readiness  of  invention  and  a  simplicity  of  design  truly  asto 
nishing.  Though  Canova  wan  his  superior  in  the  manual  part, 
high  finishing,  yet  in  the  higher  qualities,  poetical  feeling,  and  in 
vention,  Flaxman  was  as  superior  to  Canova  as  Shakspeare  to  the 
dramatists  of  his  day."— SIR  RICHARD  WESTMACOTT. 

"  Flaxman  was  one  of  the  few — the  very  few — who  confer  real 
and  permanent  glory  on  the  country  to  which  they  belong.  His 
genius  was  of  that  vast  and  lofty  nature  which  is  beyond  the  reach 
of  ordinary  or  immediate  appreciation,  and  which  grows  gradually 
and  imperceptibly  on  the  estimation  of  mankind.  His  unequalled 
compositions  from  Homer,  JSschylus.  and  Hesiod,  have  long  been 
the  admiration  of  Europe.  Of  their  simplicity  and  beauty  the  pen 
is  quite  incapable  of  conveying  an  adequate  impression.  .  .  .  Not 
even  in  Kaffaele  have  the  gentler  feelings  and  sorrows  of  human 
nature  been  traced  with  more  touching  pathos  than  in  the  various 
designs  and  models  of  this  estimable  man." — SIR  THOMAS  LAWRENCE. 
"  Flaxman  has  translated  Dante  best,  for  he  has  translated  it  into 
the  universal  language  of  nature." — LORD  BYRON. 

"  The  progeny  of  Flaxman's  pencil  and  chisel  were  of  the  highest 
rank:  there  is  a  prodigious  affluence  of  imagination  in  all  his 
•ketches  and  drawings." — ALLAN  CUNNINGHAM. 

As  Mr.  Cunningham  was  equally  at  home  in  the  Fine 


Arts  and  in  letters,  we  quote  his  opinion  of  Flaxman's  Lec 
tures  : 

"These  Lectures,  as  literary  compositions,  containing  a  clear 
and  commanding  view  of  sculpture,  ancient  and  modern — abun 
dant  in  just  sentiments  and  wise  remarks,  and  such  professional 
precepts  as  only  experience  can  supply — merit  more  regard  than 
:hey  have  as  yet  received.  The  account  of  the  Gothic  sculpture 
n  England  is  as  rich  as  a  chapter  of  old  romance,  and  infinitely 
more  interesting.  The  whole  of  the  Lectures  on  Beauty  and  Com 
position  ought  to  be  familiar  to  the  mind  of  every  student.  The 
Drder  of  their  arrangement  is  natural,  and  there  is  good  sense  and 
a  feeling  for  all  that  is  noble  and  heroic  scattered  over  every 

But  we  have  seen  that  the  only  one  who  could  complain 
of  Flaxman  having  the  first  post  assigned  to  him  among 
modern  sculptors  had  consented  to  the  verdict  that  places 
him  in  this  proud  position.  We  give  his  own  words : 

"You  come  to  Rome,  and  admire  my  works,  while  you  possess, 
in  your  own  country,  in  Flaxman,  an  artist  whose  designs  excel 
in  classical  grace  all  that  I  am  acquainted  with  in  modern  art." — 
CANOVA. 

Flaxmer,  Sarah.     Satan  Revealed,  Ac.,  with  a  Tes 
timony  that  R.  Brothers  is  a  Prophet  from  the  Lord,  4to. 
Fleckie,  Andrew.    Answer  to  Sir  F.  Burdett's  arg. 
rel.  to  the  power  of  the  H.  of  Com.  to  imprison  persons  not 
Members,  Lon.,  1810,  8vo. 

Flecknoe,  Richard,  an  English  poet  and  dramatist, 
temp.  Charles  II.,  is  better  known  from  Dryden's  having 
borrowed  his  name  as  a  scourge  for  the  punishment  of 
Shadwell,  than  for  his  own  productions.  Dryden  held 
Flecknoe  in  great  contempt,  which  was  naturally  aug 
mented  when  the  latter  was  named  poet-laureate  in  his 
stead.  Shadwell  subsequently  held  the  same  office,  and 
hence  Dryden  ridicules  him  as  the  poetical  son  of  Flecknoe. 

1.  The  Affections  of  a  Pious  Soul  unto  Christ,  Lon.,  1640, 
8vo.  2.  Miscellanea,  or  Poems  of  all  Sorts;  with  divers 
other  pieces,  1653,  12mo.  3.  Diarium,  Ac.,  1656,  12mo. 
4.  Love's  Dominion ;  a  Dramatic  Piece,  1654.  Reprinted 
as  Love's  Kingdom;  a  Pastoral  Tragi-Com.,  1664,  12mo. 
At  the  end  of  Love's  Dominion  is  a  Short  Treatise  on  the 
English  Stage— 

"  Which  I  take  to  be  the  best  thing  he  has  extant."— Lang- 
baine's  Dramat.  Poets. 

5.  Heroic  Portraits,  Ac.,  1660,  8vo.  6.  Ermina,  or  The 
Chast  Lady;  a  Tragi-Com.,  1661,  4to.  7.  Damoiselles  a 
la  Mode,  1667,  4to.  8.  Sir  Wm.  D'Avenant's  Voy.  to  the 
other  World,  1668,  8vo.  9.  Epigrams  and  Enigmatical 
Characters,  1669,  70,  '73,  '75,  8vo.  10.  Marriage  of  Oce- 
anus  and  Britannia.  11.  A  Relation  of  Ten  Years  Travel 
in  Europe,  Asia,  Affrique,  and  America,  by  way  of  Letters; 
with  other  Historical,  Moral,  and  Political  Pieces;  sine 
anno,  sed  circa  1654,  8vo. 

Malone  unites  in  Dryden's  ridicule  of  Flecknoe — see  hia 
Life  of  Dryden ;  but  Southey  thinks  more  favourably  of 
him — see  Southey's  Omnia. 

"  His  acquaintance  with  the  Nobility  was  more  than  with  the 
Muses;  and  he  had  a  greater  propensity  to  Kiming  than  a  Genius 
to  Poetry.  He  never  could  arrive,  with  all  bis  industry,  to  get 
but  one  play  to  be  acted,  [Love's  Kingdom ;  '  it  bad  the  misfortune 
to  be  damn'd  by  the  Audience,']  and  yet  he  has  printed  several. 
.  .  .  But  Mr.  Fiecknoe  was  to  make  the  best  of  a  Bad  Market;  and 
since  he  could  not  get  his  Plays  acted,  he  was  to  endeavour  to  get 
them  read,  by  labouring  to  persuade  people  that  Imagination 
would  supply  the  defect  of  Action." — Langbaine's  Dramatic  l\>ets. 

"  The  last  thing  that  Flecknoe  would  think  of  as  the  cause  of 
his  plays  being  rejected,  was  his  own  want  of  merit.  It  is  probable 
he  had  not  the  slightest  suspicion  of  such  a  thing.  He  seems, 
indeed,  to  have  been  a  vain,  busy  coxcomb,  who  thought  it  genteel 
'  rather  to  affect,'  to  use  his  own  expression.  '  a  little  negligence 
than  too  great  curiosity'  in  his  writings.  He  attempted  to  write 
smartly  rather  than  tersely;  wittily  rather  than  seriously;  ingeni 
ously  rather  than  profoundly.  But  although  he  has  not  the 
slightest  claim  to  be- considered  a  man  of  genius,  we  cannot  deny 
him  the  praise  of  fancy  and  ingenuity :  and  that  he  had  these  two 
qualities  we  shall  proceed  to  adduce  our  proofs."— Lon.  Reirospejc. 
Rev.,  v.  267,  268,  1822. 

See,  in  addition  to  works  cited  above,  Cibber's  Lives; 
Ware's  Ireland,  by  Harris;  Ellis's  Specimens. 

Fleet,  Charles.     Four  Serms.,  Salisb.,  1796,  8vo. 

Fleet,  Edward.    Address  &  Reply,  Lon.,  1777,  8vo. 

Fleetwood,  Mrs.  Let.  to  Mr.  Madan  rel.  to  the  rec 
tory  of  Aldwinkle,  Lon.,  1767,  8vo.  :  ^  ' 

Fleetwood,  Charles,  Lord-Deputy  of  Ireland  during 
the  Usurpation.  His  Petition  to  the  Parliament  of  Eng., 
1659,  fol.  His  Answer,  Ac.,  4to. 

Fleetwood,  Everard.  Inquiry  into  the  Customary 
Estates,  Ac.  of  those  who  hold  lands  of  Church  and  other 
foundations,  Ac.,  1731,  8vo;  Dubl.,  1748,  8vo.  Answered 
by  Henry  Gaily,  D.D.,  in  the  same  year. 

Fleetwood,  John,  D.D.  1.  The  Christian  Prayer 
Book,  Lon.,  1772,  12mo.  2.  Christian  Dictionary,  1773, 
4to.  3.  Life  of  Christ,  and  the  Lives  of  the  Apostles,  John 
the  Baptist,  and  the  Virgin  Mary,  Glasg.,  1813,  8vo.  Fre 
quently  printed. 


FLE 

Fleetwood,  Col.  William.  An  Unhappy  View 
of  the  Behaviour  of  my  Lord  Duke  of  Buckingham  at  the 
Isle  of  Rhee,  Lon.,  1648. 

Fleetwood,  William,  d.  1603,  Recorder  of  London 
temp.  Elizabeth.  1.  Oration,  Lon.,  1571,  12mo.  2.  Anna- 
Hum  tarn  Regum  Bdwardii  V.,  &c.,  1579,  '97. 

"  Rather  looked  on  as  a  table  or  index  to  the  year-book  than 
any  historical  treatise."— Bishop  Nicolson's  Eng.  Hist.  Lib. 

3.  Office  of  a  Justice  of  the  Peace,  1657,  8vo,  Posth. 

4.  Table  on  the  Reports  of  Edmund  Plowden,  in  French. 

5.  Latin  Verses  prefixed  to  Sir  Thos.  Chaloner's  Repub. 
Anglorum  instauranda.    6.  Notes  upon  Lambarde's  Archei- 
on.     He  is  said  to  have  contributed  to  the  last  of  the  old 
edits,  of  Holinshed. 

Fleetwood,  William,  D.D.,  1656-1723,  of  the  same 
family  with  Lord-Deputy  Charles  Fleetwood,  was  born  in 
the  Tower  of  London.  He  was  educated  at  Eton  and 
King's  Coll.,  Camb.,  and  became  Rector  of  St.  Austin's, 
London,  and  Lecturer  of  St.  Dunstan's  in  the  West;  Canon 
of  Windsor,  1702;  Bishop  of  St.  Asaph,  1706;  trans,  to 
Ely,  1714.  He  pub.  a  number  of  serins.,  theolog.  treatises, 
Ac. ;  see  Bibl.  Brit.  Weston  ascribes  to  him  a  work  not 
mentioned  by  Watt,  viz.,  Curiosities  of  Nature  and  Art  in 
Husbandry  and  Gardening,  1707,  8vo.  His  Essay  on  Mi 
racles,  1701,  8vo,  excited  some  controversy,  and  elicited 
treatises  by  Bishop  Hoadly  and  Gilbert. 

"The  two  main  Principles  of  this  Book— that  none  but  God  can 
work  a  true  Miracle,  and  that  it  cannot  be  supposed  that  a  true 
Miracle  was  ever  wrought  in  opposition  to  a  doctrine  established 
on  true  principles— were  opposed  by  Bp.  Hoadly  in  a  letter  to  Bp. 
Fleetwood,  8vo,  1702;  and  the  reading  of  the  two  tracts  occasioned 
Mr.  Locke  writing  his  Discourse  on  Miracles.1' 

Among  the  best  known  of  Fleetwood's  works  is  Chroni- 
con  Preciosum :  an  Account  of  Money,  Price  of  Corn, 
Wages,  Ac.,  iu  England,  for  600  Years  last  past,  1707,  8vo; 
2d  ed.,  1745,  8vo. 

"This  work  contains  the  best  account  of  prices  published  in 
England  previously  to  that  given  by  Sir  F.  M.  Eden."— McCulloclCs 
Lit.  of  P-tlit.  Earn. 

A  collective  edit,  of  his  works  was  pub.  in  1737,  fol., 
under  the  title  of  A  Complete  Collection  of  the  Sermons, 
Tracts,  and  Pieces  of  all  kinds,  that  were  written  by  Bishop 
Fleetwood.  He  was  considered  the  best  preacher  of  his 
day.  When  one  of  the  ladies  of  the  bed-chamber  asked 
the  Queen  whom  she  intended  to  make  Bishop  of  St.  Asaph, 
her  Majesty  replied: 

"One  whom  you  will  be  pleased  with;  whom  you  have  lately 
heard  preach  [he  had  just  officiated  as  chaplain]:  I  intend  it  for 
Dr.  Fleetwood." 

His  sermons  are  recommended  by  Bishop  Cleaver. 
"  Surnamed  silver-tongued ; — remarkable  for  easy  and  proper  ex 
pressions.  He  considers  several  cases,  which,  though  often  occur 
ring  in  human  life,  are  seldom  taken  notice  of  in  sermons.  On 
this  account  he  may  be  consulted  with  advantage.  In  respect  of 
true  politeness  he  has  been  equalled  by  few.  His  sermons  on  Rela 
tive  Duties  are  good; — but  his  Four  Funeral  Sermons  show  the 
orator  much  more." — DR.  DODDRIDGE. 

Dr.  Doddridge  refers  to  the  serm.  on  1.  The  death  of  Q. 
Mary;  2.  The  Duke  of  Gloucester;  3.  K.  William;  4.  Mr. 
Noble. 

Fleming  and  Tibbins.     Royal  Dictionary  of  the 
French  and  Eng.  Languages,  Lon.,  1849,  2  vols.  4to,  £3  3s. 
Amer.  ed.  by  J.  Dobson,  Phila.,  8vo;  another  ed.,  sq.  12mo. 
"Incomparably  the  best  dictionary  of  the  two  languages  ex 
tant." — Lon.  At/ien(Eum. 

Fleming,  Abraham,  Rector  of  St.  Pancras,  London, 
was  known  in  his  day  as  an  industrious  translator  from  the 
Latin  and  Greek,  and  as  the  author  of  some  minor  devo 
tional  and  other  pieces,  which  are  now  known  only  to  the 
literary  antiquary.  His  publications  range  from  1575  to 
1586.  He  trans,  from  Virgil,  Elian,  Cicero,  Tully,  Iso- 
crates,  Pliny,  Synesius,  Ac.  His  Manual  of  Prayers  was 
pub.  in  1586,  16mo,  and  his  Verborum  Latinorum,  Ac.,  in 
1583,  fol.  Notices  of  bis  pieces  will  be  found  in  Herbert, 
Peck,  Ritson.  Tanner,  Warton's  Hist,  of  Eng.  Poetry,  Cen- 
eura  Lit.,  and  the  Brit.  Bibliog. 

"I  must  not  forget  that  the  same  Webb  [Wm.]  ranks  Abraham 
Fleming,  as  a  translator,  after  Barnabie  Gorge,  the  translator  of 
Palingenius's  Zodiack,  not  without  a  compliment  to  the  poetry  and 
learning  of  his  brother  Famuel,  whose  excellent  inventions,  he 
adds,  had  not  yet  been  made  public."—  Warton's  Hist.  Eng.  Poet. 

Fleming,  Alexander,  minister  of  Neilston,  Renfrew 
shire,  pub.  Letters  and  Answers  in  1808  rel.  to  the  intro 
duction  of  an  organ — the  first  attempt  since  the  Reforma 
tion — into  the  Church  of  Scotland.  He  also  pub.  Letters  to 
a  Young  Friend,  1810.  Examination  of  Resolutions,  Ac., 
1814,  8vo. 

Fleming,  Caleb,  1698-1779,  a  Socinian,  in  1752  sue 
ceeded  Dr.  James  Foster,  at  Pinner's  Hall.  He  pub.  many 
theolog.  treatises,  principally  controversial,  1735-78,  which 
are  now  forgotten.  His  Survey  of  the  Search  after  Souls, 
by  Coward,  Clarke,  Baxter,  Law,  Ac.,  was  pub.  in  1758,  8vo 


FLE 

"His  writings  might  have  been  more  generally  acceptable  and 
iseful.  if  they  had  been  free  from  a  certain  quaintness  and  obscu- 
ity  of  style.  Aiming  at  originality  and  strength  of  expression,  he 
ften  lost  perspicuity,  and  never  attained  to  elegance. — Dr.  Kip- 
>is's  Life  of  Lardner. 

Fleming,  Curtis.     Serm.,  Ac.,  1795,  8vo. 

Fleming,  Giles.  1.  Serin.,  Lon.,  1634.  2.  Stemma 
Sacrum :  the  Royal  Progeny  delineated,  1660,  8vo. 

Fleming,  James.  Irish  and  Eng.  Statutes  rel.  to  his 
Majesty's  Revenues  in  Ireland,  Dubl.,  1741,  4to. 

Fleming,  James,  Surgeon  and  Man-midwife.  Trea- 
ise  on  the  Formation  of  the  Human  Species,  Ac.,  Lon., 
.768,  12mo. 

Fleming,  John,  D.D.,  Prof,  of  Nat.  Philos.  in  the 
Univ.  and  King's  Coll.,  Aberdeen.  1.  On  a  Bed  of  Fossil 
Shells.  Annals  of  Phil.,  1814.  2.  Junction  of  the  Rivers 
and  the  Sea.  Trans.  Roy.  Soc.,  Edin.,  1817.  3.  Molluso- 
>us  Animals,  including  Shell  Fish,  Lon.,  1837,  p.  8vo. 

"Distinguished  by  a  perfect  knowledge  of  the  very  curious  and 
nteresting  subject  of  which  it  treats,  by  a  severe  and  searching 
analysis  of  the  evidence,  and  a  clear  and  masterly  arrangement  of 
,he  multifarious  details  connected  with  it."—Glasg.  Constitutional. 

4.  Hist,  of  British  Animals,  1842,  8vo.  A  work  of  high 
luthority. 

Fleming,  Malcolm.     See  FLEMYNG. 

Fleming,  Patrick,  baptized  Christopher,  1599- 
1631,  an  Irish  Catholic  Franciscan,  Lecturer  on  Divinity 
at  Prague,  was  murdered  by  some  peasants,  when  that  city 
svas  besieged  by  the  Elector  of  Saxony  in  1631.  1.  Col 
lectanea  Sacra,  or  Lives  of  Irish  and  Scotch  Saints,  witk 
edits,  by  Thos.  Sirini,  Louvain,  1667,  fol.  2.  Abridgt.  of 
Ohronicon  consecrati  Petri  Ratisbonae.  He  supplied  Ward 
with  materials  for  his  Lives  of  the  Irish  Saints.  The  works 
of  the  three  abbots,  Columban,  Aileran,  and  Curnean,  in 
the  Bibl.  Patrum,  are  avowedly  taken  from  Fleming. 

Fleming,  Peter.  Land  Surveying,  Pt.  1,  Glasg., 
1815,  4to. 

Fleming,  Robert,  1630-1694,  a  native  of  Bathens, 
Scotland,  was  educated  at  the  Univ.  of  Edin.,  and  at  that 
of  St.  Andrew's,  where  he  studied  divinity  under  Samuel 
Rutherford.  He  became  minister  at  Cambuslang,  Clydes 
dale  ;  ejected,  1662  ;  took  charge  of  a  Scotch  congregation 
at  Rotterdam,  where  he  died  in  1694.  1.  The  Fulfilling 
of  the  Scripture,  in  three  Parts,  Lon.,  1681,  2  vols.  12mo; 
many  eds. ;  5th  and  best  ed.,  with  Author's  Life  and  a  Fu 
neral  Serm.  by  Daniel  Burgess,  1726,  fol.  ' 

"  An  elaborate  view  of  the  operations  of  Providence  in  preserving 
the  Church  through  all  the  vicissitudes  of  ecclesiastical  history." 
2.  Serm.  and  Discourses,  1692-1704.     3.  The  Confirming 
Work  of  Religion,  1693,  sra.  8vo. 

Fleming,  Robert,  Jr.,  d.  1716,  son  of  the  preceding, 
and  a  native  of  Scotland,  was  educated  at  home,  at  Ley- 
den,  and  at  Utrecht.  He  became  minister  of  the  English 
church  at  Leyden,  subsequently  of  the  Scotch  church  at 
Amsterdam,  and  afterwards  of  a  Scotch  church  at  Loth- 
bury,  London.  1.  Poet.  Paraphrase  on  the  Song  of  Solo 
mon,  with  other  Poems,  Lon.,  1691,  8vo.  2.  Funl.  Serm., 
1692,  8vo.  3.  Discourses  on  several  subjects,  viz. — The 
Rise  and  Fall  of  Papacy,  Ac.,  1701,  8vo;  1st  ed.  of  great 
rarity.  The  first  Discourse  was  repub.  in  1793,  8vo,  under 
the  title  of  Apocalyptical  Key.  Late  eds.,  entitled  The 
Rise  and  Fall  of  Papacy,  1848,  '49,  '50.  In  this  celebrated 
discourse  are  many  predictions  which  coincide  most  re 
markably  with  events  in  the  early  history  of  the  French 
Revolution,  at  the  close  of  the  last  century.  Fleming  in 
1701  expressed  his  belief  that  the  Fifth  Vial  would  be 
poured  out  on  the  Sign  of  the  Beast,  beginning  in  1794, 
and  more  especially  in  1848,  in  which  he  expected  that 
those  events  would  commence  which  would  undermine 
Papal  authority,  and  lead  to  its  complete  destruction. 

'•  The  remarkable  conjectures  of  Fleming  rest  on  sound  princi 
ples  of  interpretation." — Ch.  of  Eng.  Quar.  Rev. 

"  Perhaps  the  most  remarkable  work  on  Prophecy  that  has  ever 
appeared." — Lon.  Watchman. 

4.  Discourse  on  the  Death  of  King  William,  1702,  8vo. 
5.  Christology,  1705-08,  3  vols.  8vo.  Abridged,  Edin., 
1795,  8vo. 

"  The  author  did  not  complete  his  plan,  which  is  much  to  be  re 
gretted  ;  as  he  possessed  a  powerful  and  very  original  mind.  Many 
ingenious  thoughts  occur  in  the  Christology,  and  many  passages 
of  Scripture  are  placed  in  a  new  light."—  Orme's  Bibl.  Bib. 
"  Many  original  remarks  and  valuable  thoughts."— Bickersteth's 

a  s. 

6.  The  First  Resurrection,  1708.  7.  Discourses,  Edin., 
1790,  12mo.  8.  Discourse  and  Serm.,  1793,  8vo.  9.  Spe 
culum  Davidicum  Redivivum.  10.  Theocrity ;  or  the  Di 
vine  Right  of  Nations.  11.  The  Mirrour  of  Divine  Love; 
with  a  Dramatic  Poem  called  the  Monarchical  Image,  or 
Nebuchadnezzar's  Dream.  12.  The  Hist,  of  Hereditary 
Right  Fleming  was  eminent  for  piety  and  learning. 


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Fleming,  Samuel.  1.  Merits  and  Demerits  of  Oppo 
sition,  1797,  8vo.  2.  Utility  of  the  Learned  Languages, 
1807,  8vo. 

Fleming,  Rev.  Thomas.  Agitation  of  the  waters 
of  Loch  Tay;  Trans.  Roy.  Soc.,  Edin.,  1788. 

Fleming,  Rev.  W.,  d.  1742.  Poetical  Epistle  to  the 
Rev.  Erasmus  Head. 

Fleming,  Wm.,D.D.  Gazetteer  of  the  0.  and  N.  Tests., 
with  Nat.  Hist,  of  the  Bible,  Ac.,  Edin.,  1838,  2  vols.  r.  8vo. 

Flemming,  Rev.  Francis.  Kaffraria  and  its  in 
habitants,  Lon.,  1853,  p.  8vo. 

Flemming,  or  Flemmynge,  Robert,  d.  1483,  Dean 
of  Lincoln,  1451,  nephew  of  Richard  Flemming,  Bishop  of 
Lincoln,  wrote  a  Dictionarum  Grseco-Latinum,  Carmina  di- 
versi  generis,  Epistolarum  ad  diversas,  a  Latin  Poem  in 
praise  of  Pope  Sixtus  IV.,  Ac.  See  Biog.  Brit.;  Leland; 
Bale;  Pits. 

Flemyng,  or  Fleming,  Malcolm,  M.D.,  of  Brigg, 
pub.  several  professional  works,  a  list  of  which  will  be 
found  in  the  Bibl.  Brit. 

Flesher,  Rev.  John,  editor  of  Arvine's  Cyc.  of  Moral 
and  Religious  Anecdotes,  Lon.  and  Glasg.,  1850,  12mo. 
See  ARVINE,  T. 

Flesher,  Thomas.  The  Laws  of  Honour,  or  an  Ac 
count  of  the  Suppression  of  Duels  in  France,  Lon.,  1685, 
8vo,  pp.  198.  Dedicated  to  Henry  Howard,  Duke  of  Nor 
folk.  See  SABINE,  LORENZO.  We  have  already,  more  than 
once,  in  the  course  of  this  volume,  expressed  our  views 
respecting  the  so-called  Laws  of  Honour. 

Fleta.     See  SELDEN,  JOHN. 

Fletcher.     Charge  to  Grand  Jury  of  Wexford,  1815. 

Fletcher,  Abraham,  1714-1793,  a  self-taught  mathe 
matician,  botanist,  and  physician,  of  obscure  parentage, 
was  a  native  of  Little  Broughton,  Cumberland.  1.  Uni 
versal  Measurer,  Whitehaven,  1753,  2  vols.  8vo.  2.  Uni 
versal  Measurer  and  Mechanic,  Lon.,  1763,  8vo. 

Fletcher,  Alexander,  D.D.,  of  Finsbury  Chapel, 
London.  1.  The  Devotional  Family  Bible,  Lon.,  2  vols. 
4to.  2.  Guide  to  Family  Devotion,  containing  730  Hymns, 
730  Prayers,  and  730  Passages  of  Scripture,  with  appro 
priate  Reflections,  4to;  30th  ed.  of  1000  each. 

"  30,000  copies  of  a  book  of  common  prayer,  recommended  by  25 
distinguished  ministers,  whose  names  are  given,  and  who  include 
some  of  the  most  prominent  of  the  day,  cannot  be  dispersed 
throughout  England  without  working  some  considerable  change 
in  the  minds  of  probably  200,000  persons." — Lon.  Times. 

The  sale  to  1850  had  reached  from  40,000  to  50,000 
copies.  Testimonials  have  also  been  sent  by  nearly  100 
divines  of  America.  3.  Sabbath  School  Preacher,  1849, 
12ino.  4.  Addresses  to  the  Young,  1851,  fp.  8vo. 

"  We  do  not  know  of  any  terms  that  can  adequately  express  the 
value  of  these  Addresses." — British  Mothers'  Ma.gu.zinc.. 

"  For  simplicity  of  style,  attractiveness  of  form,  richness  of  theo 
logy,  and  touching  illustrative  fects,  these  Addresses  are  unri 
valled." —  Wesley  Banner. 

"A  little  work  of  great  merit.  Dr.  Fletcher,  better  than  any 
other  living  man,  is  fitted  for  a  juvenile  auditory.  It  is  a  charm 
ing  volume  for  the  young." — Standard  of  Freedom. 

5.  Mental  Culture ;  Addressed  especially  to  Young  Men 
engaged  in  Commercial  Pursuits,  with  an  Introduction  by 
Dr.  A.  F.;  7th  thousand. 

"  Small  in  size,  but  very  considerable  in  value.  We  are  not  a 
little  pleased  to  find  that  7000  copies  of  it  are  now  in  the  hands 
of  the  public — a  fact  that  speaks  well  for  the  young  men  of  our 
day." — British  Banner. 

Mr.  Fletcher  is  the  author  of  several  other  works.  , 

Fletcher,  Andrew,  1653-1716,  a  son  of  Sir  Robert 
Fletcher,  of  Saltoun,  Scotland,  filled  several  political  posts 
of  importance,  and  was  distinguished  for  his  republican 
zeal.  He  pub.  discourses  on  the  Affairs  of  Scotland,  on 
Government,  Speeches,  Ac.  A  collection  of  his  Political 
Works  was  pub.,  Lon.,  1722,  8vo;  eds.  in  1732,  '37,  Svo; 
Glasg.,  1749,  12mo. 

"A  zealous  asserter  of  the  liberties  of  the  people." 

This  work  contains  two  discourses  concerning  the  affairs 
of  Scotland,  written  in  1693. 

"  The  indignities  and  oppression  Scotland  lay  under  galled  him 
to  the  heart,  so  that  in  his  learned  and  elaborate  discourses  he  ex 
posed  them  with  undaunted  courage  and  pathetic  eloquence." — 

LOCKHART. 

An  Essay  on  his  Life  and  Writings  was  pub.  by  the  Earl 
of  Buchan.  See  BUCHAN,  DAVID.  See  Chambers's  Lives 
of  Illust.  and  Dist.  Scotsmen.  A  notice  of  his  Works  will 
be  found  in  the  Retrosp.  Rev.,  iv.  100-115. 

"  He  was  by  far  the  most  nervous  and  correct  speaker  in  the 
parliament  of  Scotland,  for  he  drew  his  style  from  the  pure  models 
of  antiquity,  and  not  from  the  grosser  practical  oratory  of  his  con 
temporaries;  so  that  his  speeches  will  bear  a  comparison  with  the 
best  speeches  of  the  reign  of  Queen  Anne,  the  Augustan  age  of 
Great  Britain."— EARL  OF  BUCHAN. 

"  He  was  always  an  admirer  of  both  ancient  and  modern  repub- 


FLE 

lies,  but  showed  a  sincere  and  honest  inclination  towards  tho 
honour  and  interest  of  his  country." — LOCKHART. 

A  contemporary  writer  applauds  him  as 

"A  gentleman  steady  in  his  principles,  of  nice  honour,  with 
abundance  of  learning;  brave  as  the  sword  he  wears,  and  bold  as 
a  lion— a  sure  friend,  and  an  irreconcilable  enemy— would  lose 
his  life  readily  to  serve  his  country,  and  would  not  do  a  base  thing 
to  save  it." 

The  sentiment  of  the  last  clause  is  admirable,  and  pre 
sents  an  honourable  contrast  to  the  foolish  and  wicked 
maxim  of  "Our  country  right  or  wrong."  Heaven  is 
always  in  the  right;  and  when  my  country  is  wrong,  I  lack 
either  principle  or  courage  if  I  refuse  or  fear  to  condemn 
her.  The  eternal  distinction  between  right  and  wrong  is 
older  than  my  country  and  holier  than  my  prejudices. 

It  is  in  a  Letter  to  the  Marquis  of  Montrose,  Ac.,  en 
titled,  An  Account  of  a  Conversation,  Ac.,  Edin.,  1704,  8vo, 
that  occurs  a  celebrated  saying,  erroneously  ascribed  to 
the  Earl  of  Chatham : 

"  I  knew  a  very  wise  man  that  believed  that  if  a  man  were  per 
mitted  to  make  all  the  ballads,  he  need  not  care  who  should  make 
the  laws,  of  a  nation." 

Fletcher,  Anne.  Study  of  Hist,  rendered  Easy,  Lon., 
1800,  2  vols.  12mo.  In  association  with  Saud  F.  Dutton. 

Fletcher,  Rev.  Anthony.  Certaine  very  proper  and 
most  profitable  similes,  Lon.,  1595,  4to.  A  religious  work. 

Fletcher,  Archibald.  1.  Reform  proposed  in  the 
Royal  Burghs,  Edin.,  1819,  8vo.  2.  Examination  rel.  to 
do.,  1825,  8vo. 

Fletcher,  Benjamin.  His  Treaty  with  the  Indians 
of  the  Five  Nations,  N.  York,  1694,  8vo. 

Fletcher,  C.     Estates  of  Trustees,  Lon.,  1835,  12mo. 

Fletcher,  Charles,  M.D.  1.  Maritime  State ;  Health 
of  Seamen,  Dubl.,  1786,  8vo.  2.  The  Cock- Pit;  a  Poem, 
1787,  4to.  3.  The  Naval  Guardian,  Lon.,  1800,  2  vols.  Svo. 

Fletcher,  Christian.  Letters  and  Narrative  of  the 
Mutiny  on  Board  the  Bounty,  Lon.,  1796,  12mo. 

"This  rare  and  curious  little  volume  is  quite  at  variance  with 
the  ordinary  account,  according  to  which  Christian  was  killed  by 
the  natives  soon  after  the  mutiny." 

Fletcher,  E.     Serm.,  1742. 

Fletcher,  Francis.  The  World  encompassed  by  Sir 
Francis  Drake ;  collected  out  of  his  Notes,  Lon.,  1628,  4to. 
See  DRAKE,  SIR  FRANCIS. 

Fletcher,  George.  The  Nine  English  Worthies, 
Ac.  See  FLETCHER,  ROBERT. 

Fletcher,  Giles,  LL.D.,  d.  1610,  uncle  of  John  Flet 
cher,  the  dramatic  poet,  was  educated  at  King's  Coll.,  Camb. 
In  1588  he  was  English  Ambassador  to  Russia,  and  on  his 
return  wrote  a  curious  account  Of  the  Russe  Common 
Wealth,  pub.  1590,  Svo.  It  was  promptly  suppressed  for 
fear  of  giving  offence  to  the  Russian  court.  It  was  re 
printed  in  1643,  12mo,  and  is  inserted,  somewhat  abridged, 
in  Hakluyt's  Navigations,  Voyages,  Ac.,  vol.  i.  2.  Israel 
Redux;  an  Essay  on  probable  grounds  that  the  Tartars 
are  the  posterity  of  the  X.  Tribes.  Printed  with  an  Essay 
on  the  Jews,  by  Samuel  Lee,  1677,  12mo.  This  opinion 
was  adopted  by  Whiston,  who  printed  the  treatise  in  vol. 
i.  of  his  Memoirs. 

Fletcher,  Giles,  1588?-1623,  son  of  the  preceding, 
and  brother  of  Phineas  Fletcher,  was  educated  at  Eton  and 
at  Trin.  Coll.,  Camb.,  and  on  taking  holy  orders  obtained 
the  living  of  Alderton,  Suffolk.  He  was  the  author  of  a 
poem  which  has  been  greatly  admired,  entitled,  Christ's 
Victory  and  Triumph  in  Heaven  and  Earth  over  and  after 
Death,  Camb.,  1610,  4to;  1632,  '40.  Again,  in  1783,  Svo, 
with  Phinfeas  Fletcher's  Purple  Island.  In  this  ed.  alte 
rations  have  been  made.  New  ed.,  1824,  from  the  ed.  of 
1610,  with  a  biog.  sketch  of  the  author. 

"  A  poem  rich  and  picturesque,  and  on  a  much  happier  subject 
than  that  of  his  brother,  [see  FLETCHER,  PHINEAS,]  yet  unenlivened 
by  personification." — Headley's  Select  Beauties  of  Ancient  Eng.  Poet. 

"  Giles  seems  to  have  more  vigour  than  his  elder  brother,  but 
less  sweetness,  less  smoothness,  and  more  affectation  in  his  style. 
.  .  .  They  both  bear  much  resemblance  to  Spenser.  Giles  some 
times  ventures  to  cope  with  him,  even  in  celebrated  passages, 
such  as  the  description  of  the  Cave  of  Despair ;  and  he  has  had  the 
honour,  in  turn,  of  being  followed  by  Milton,  especially  in  the  first 
meeting  of  our  Saviour  with  Satan  in  the  Paradise  Regained."— 
Hallam's  Introduc.  to  Lit.  of  Europe. 

"  Giles,  inferior  as  he  is  to  Spenser  and  Milton,  might  be  figured, 
in  his  happiest  moments,  as  a  link  of  connection  in  our  poetry  be 
tween  those  congenial  spirits,  for  he  reminds  us  of  both,  and  evi 
dently  gave  hints  to  the  latter  in  a  poem  on  the  same  subject  with 
« Paradise  Regained.'  "—Campbell's  Eng.  Poet. 

Anthony  Wood  tells  us  that  Giles  was 

"  Equally  beloved  of  the  muses  and  graces."— Atlien.  Oxon. 

Fletcher,  J.  P.,  Curate  of  South  Hampstead.  1 .  Nar 
rative  of  a  Two  Years'  Residence  at  Nineveh,  1850,  2  vols. 
p.  Svo. 

"  It  forms  an  instructive  pendant  to  Mr.  Layard's  exclusively 
antiquarian  researches."— John  Butt. 


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2.  The  Autobiography  of  a  Missionary,  1853, 2  vols.  p.8vo. 

<•  We  conscientiously  recommend  this  book,  as  well  for  its  amu 
sing  character  as  for  the  spirit  it  displays  of  earnest  piety."— Lon. 
Standard. 

Fletcher,  James,  1811-1832,  of  London,  for  some 
time  assistant  in  a  school,  committed  suicide  in  a  fit  of 
temporary  insanity.  Chozar  and  Sela.  The  Siege  of  Da 
mascus.  The  Gem,  and  other  Poems.  Hist,  of  Poland, 
Lon.,  1831,  8yo. 

"The  writer  of  this  History  has  brought  to  his  undertaking 
much  learning,  great  industry  and  patience  in  research,  and  the 
most  unbiassed  candour." 

"The  literary  matter  is  well  enough  put  together  for  a  tempo 
rary  purpose,  being  intelligible  without  pretension  to  elegance."— 
Lon.  Lit.  Gaz.,  June  18, 1831. 

Fletcher,  James  C.,  b.  1823,  at  Indianapolis;  grad. 
at  Brown  Univ.,  1846 ;  studied  theology  at  Princeton,  and 
Geneva,  Switzerland.  Brazil  and  the  Brazilians,  Portrayed 
in  Historical  and  Descriptive  Sketches,  by  J.  C.  F.  and  D. 
P.  Kidder,  D.D.,  Phila.,  1857,  Svo;  illust.  See  KIDDER,  D.  P. 

"  It  is  certainly  a  remarkable  monument  of  research  and  nice 
observation." — W.  H.  PRESCOTT,  the  historian. 

"Brazil  was  never  before  so  fully,  so  faithfully,  so  artistically 
photographed." — London  Athenseum. 

Fletcher,  John.     See  BEAUMONT,  FRANCIS. 

Fletcher,  John,  R.  Catholic  pastor  at  Underwood. 

1.  Select  Remains  of  E.  White,  with  Memoir,  1812,  Svo. 

2.  Serms.  on  Various  Religious  and  Moral  Subjects,  for 
all  the  Sundays  after  Pentecost,  1812,  2  vols.  Svo. 

"These  sermons  deserve  the  perusal  of  every  Protestant  and 
every  Catholic  who  thinks  seriously  on  the  subject  of  religion. 
Whoever  peruses  them  will  be  equally  charmed  with  their  mild, 
unambitious  eloquence,  their  pure  morality,  and  their  persuasive 
reasoning." — CHARLES  BUTLER. 

3.  The  Catholic  Manual,  with  Observs.  and  Notes,  1818. 
Fletcher,  John,  M.D.    1.  Rudiments  of  Physiology, 

in  3  Pts.;  edited  by  R.  Lewins,  M.D.,  with  a  Memoir  of 
the  Author,  Lon.,  1837,  Svo.  2.  Elements  of  General  Pa 
thology  j  edited  by  Drs.  Drysdale  and  Russell,  1842,  p.  Svo. 
Fletcher,  or  Flechiere,  John  William,  1729- 
1785,  a  native  of  Nyon,  Switzerland,  received  orders  in 
the  Church  of  England  in  1757,  and  three  years  later  was 
presented  to  the  living  of  Madely  Salop.  He  was  closely 
associated  with  John  Wesley  in  his  labours,  and  was  a 
man  of.  most  exemplary  character.  His  writings  were 
principally  directed  against  Antinomianism  and  Calvinism. 
His  Portrait  of  St.  Paul  has  been  greatly  admired.  Works, 
1803,  8  vols.  12mo;  1806,  10  vols.  Svo.  Other  eds.,  7  vols. 
24mo;  2  vols.  8vo;  7  vols.  12mo,  1825.  Selections  from 
his  Works,  with  his  Life,  by  S.  Dunn,  London,  12mo. 
This  often  accompanies  the  collective  eds.  of  his  Works. 
See  his  Life,  compiled  from  Wesley,  Gilpin,  his  own  Let 
ters,  Ac.,  by  the  Rev.  J.  Benson,  llth  ed.,  1839,  24mo. 

"  Fletcher  was  a  man  of  heavenly  temper ;  a  saint  in  the  ancient 
and  high  sense  of  the  term,  whose  enthusiasm  was  entirely  in 
imical  with  bitterness,  and  whose  life  and  death  are  alike  edifying." 
—Lon.  Quar.  Rev. 

"One  of  the  holiest  men  that  the  Christian  Church  has  seen  in 
modern  times.  His  works  contain  an  unanswerable  defence  of  the 
doctrine  of  original  sin,  and  of  the  Godhead  of  Christ ;  several 
pieces  in  vindication  of  general  redemption,  and  other  points  with 
which  it  is  connected ;  with  a  '  Portrait  of  St.  Paul,'  which  every 
minister  should  carefully  study.  His  writings  are  distinguished 
by  uncommon  clearness  and  strength  of  argument,  an  uninter 
rupted  flow  of  sacred  eloquence,  and  a  benevolence  of  temper  which 
has  seldom,  been  equalled."— Dr.  WUliams's  C.  P. 

"  No  age  or  country  has  ever  produced  a  man  of  more  fervent 
piety,  or  more  perfect  charity ;  no  church  has  ever  possessed  a  more 
apostolic  minister."— ROBERT  SOUTHEY. 

Fletcher,  Joseph.  The  Historic  of  the  perfect- 
cursed-blessed  Man.  By  I.  F.  Lon.,  1629, 4to.  Very  rare. 
Nassau,  Pt.  1,1513,  £3  19s.  Bindley,  Pt.  2,  £23  Is. 

Fletcher,  Joseph,  D.D.,  1784-1843,  a  native  of 
Chester,  Minister  of  the  Independent  Church  at  Black 
burn,  1807 ;  at  Stepney,  1822.  His  Lectures  on  the  R. 
Catholic  Religion,  pub.  separately,  and  in  the  collective 
ed.  of  his  works,  have  attained  great  celebrity.  Select 
Works  and  Memoirs.  Edited  by  the  Rev.  Joseph  Flet 
cher,  Jr.,  of  Lon.,  1846,  3  vols.  Svo.  5th  ed.  of  the  Lec 
tures  on  R.  C.  Religion,  Ac.,  1850,  12mo. 

"The  late  Dr.  Fletcher's  Lectures  is  an  inestimable  work,  of 
which  I  congratulate  the  Christian  public  that  a  fifth  and  cheap 
edition  is  now  announced."— Dr.  J.  Pye  Smith's  Seasons  of  the 
Protestant  Religion. 

« It  is  the  best  work  on  the  subject  that  has  lately  appeared.  It 
is  exceedingly  well  written,  and  condenses  into  a  narrow  compass 
a  large  portion  of  valuable  information ;  and  while  it  instructs  by 
its  scriptural  reasonings,  it  edifies  by  its  warm  and  enlightened 
piety.  It  is  firm,  moderate,  and  candid." — O)~me's  Bibl.  Sib. 

"From  a  settled  persuasion  that  Popery  is  a  system  of  impiety 
and  imposture,  we  feel  thankful  at  witnessing  any  judicious  at 
tempt  to  expose  its  enormities  and  retard  its  progress.  The  Lec 
tures  published  by  Mr.  Fletcher  are  well  adapted  to  this  purpose, 
and  entitle  their  author  to  the  esteem  and  gratitude  of  the  pub 
lic."— REV.  ROBE&X  HALL. 
we 


"  A  man  of  masculine  mind,  distinguished  for  his  powers  of 
ratiocination.  His  Sermons  are  most  carefully  prepared — lucid  in 
arrangement  and  correct  in  style.  Dr.  Fletcher  is  one  of  those  in 
whose  discourses  you  see  a  happy  union  of  superior  intellect  with 
the  most  accurate  views  of  evangelical  truth."— Metropolitan 
Pulpit. 

Fletcher,  Philip,  Dean  of  Kildare.  Serms.  1759,  '63. 

Fletcher,  Phineas,  1584P-1650?  a  brother  of  Giles 
Fletcher  the  younger,  and  cousin  of  Beaumont's  dramatic 
colleague,  was  educated  at  Eton,  and  King's  Coll.,  Camb. 
Like  his  brother  Giles,  he  was  a  divine  and  a  poet.  In 
1621  he  was  presented  to  the  living  of  Hilgay,  Norfolk,  and 
here  remained  until  his  death.  1.  The  Locustes,  or  Apoll- 
yonists,  Camb.,  1627,  4to.  Very  rare.  Bibl.  Anglo-Poet., 
272,  £9  9s.  This  is  a  caustic  satire  against  the  Jesuits. 

"  The  great  Milton  is  said  to  have  ingenuously  confessed  that 
he  owed  his  immortal  work  of  Paradise  Lost  to  Mr.  Fletcher'a 
Locustae."— Pref.  to  Rev.  J.  Sterling's  Poems. 

2.  Sicelides ;  a  Dramatic  Piece,  1631.  3.  Comment,  on 
the  First  Psalm,  1632,  4to.  3.  Joy  in  Tribulation,  1632, 
sm.  Svo.  4.  The  Purple  Island,  or  the  Isle  of  Man :  toge 
ther  with  piscatorie  Eclogs,  and  other  poetical  Miscella 
nies,  1633,  4to.  Bibl.  Anglo-Poet.,  large  paper,  £10  10s. 
Small-paper  copies  have  sold  at  from  £1  to  £2  12s.  It  was 
also  printed  with  Giles  Fletcher's  Christ's  Victory,  in  1783, 
8vo.  New  ed.,  by  Wm.  Jacques,  1816,  8vo.  This  is  one 
of  the  most  remarkable  poems  in  the  language. 

"' The  title  of  The  Purple  Island  is  most  attractive  and  most 
fallacious.'  If  a  reader  should  take  it  up.  (as  would  probably  be 
the  case  with  those  ignorant  of  its  nature,)  with  the  expectation 
of  finding  some  delightful  story  of  romantic  fiction,  what  must  be 
his  disappointment  to  plunge  at  once  into  an  anatomical  lecture 
in  verse  on  the  human  frame — to  find  that  the  poet  bad  turned 
topographer  of  an  island  founded  upon  human  bones,  with  veins 
for  its  thousand  small  brooks,  and  arteries  for  its  larger  streams; 
and  that  the  mountains  and  valleys  with  which  it  is  diversified 
are  neither  more  nor  less  than  the  inequalities  and  undulations  of 
this  microcosm  ?  He  might  perhaps  persevere  through  the  whole 
of  the  second  canto,  in  the  continued  hope  that  it  would  soon  be 
over;  but  when  he  had  achieved  this  task,  and  found  that  he  had 
only  made  one  quarter  of  the  survey,  he  must  of  necessity  be  con 
strained  to  lay  it  down  in  despair." — Rctrosp.  Rev.,  ii.  342,  1820. 

But  if  he  should  thus  "  lay  it  down  in  despair,"  he  would 
be  greatly  the  loser :  for — to  quote  one  of  the  most  emi 
nent  of  English  critics — 

"  After  describing  the  body,  he  proceeds  to  personify  the  passions 
and  intellectual  faculties.  The  fatigued  attention  is  not  merely 
relieved,  but  fascinated  and  enraptured ;  and,  notwithstanding  his 
figures,  in  many  instances,  are  too  arbitrary  and  fantastic  in  their 
habiliments,  often  disproportioned  and  overdone,  sometimes  lost 
in  a  superfluity  of  glaring  colours,  and  the  several  characters,  in 
general,  by  no  means  sufficiently  kept  apart;  yet,  amid  such  a 
profusion  of  images,  many  are  distinguished  by  a  boldness  of  out 
line,  a  majesty  of  manner,  a  brilliancy  of  colouring,  a  distinctness 
and  propriety  of  attribute,  and  an  air  of  life,  that  we  look  for  in 
vain  in  modern  productions,  and  that  rival,  if  not  surpass,  what 
we  meet  with  of  the  kind  even  in  Spenser,  from  whom  our  author 
caught  his  inspiration.  After  exerting  his  creative  powers  on  this 
department  of  the  subject,  the  virtues  and  better  qualities  of  the 
heart,  under  their  leader  Eclecta,  or  Intellect,  are  attacked  by  the 
vices :  a  battle  ensues,  and  the  latter  are  vanquished,  after  a  vigor 
ous  opposition,  through  the  interference  of  an  angel,  who  appears 
at  the  prayer  of  Eclecta.  The  poet  here  abruptly  takes  an  oppor 
tunity  of  paying  a  fulsome  and  unpardonable  compliment  to  James 
the  First,  (canto  xii.  stanza  55 ;)  on  that  account,  perhaps,  the 
most  unpalatable  passage  in  the  book.  From  Fletcher's  dedication 
of  this  his  poem,  with  his  Piscatory  Eclogues  and  Miscellanies,  to 
his  friend  Edmund  Benlowes,  it  seems  that  they  were  written 
very  early,  as  he  calls  them  '  raw  essays  of  my  very  unripe  years, 
and  almost  childhood.' 

"It  is  to  his  honour  that  Milton  read  and  imitated  him,  as 
every  attentive  reader  of  both  poets  must  soon  discover.  He  is 
eminently  entitled  to  a  very  high  rank  among  our  old  English 
classics." — Headley's  Select  Beauties  of  Ancient  Eng.  Poet. 

In  the  Supplement  to  his  second  volume,  Headley  de 
votes  a  chapter  to  show  how  much  Fletcher  was  indebted 
to  Spenser,  and  Milton  to  Fletcher.  In  the  next  chapter 
he  proves  Milton's  obligations  to  Giles  Fletcher's  Christ's 
Victory.  This  fact  we  have  already  referred  to.  See 
FLETCHER,  GILES.,  It  deserves  to  be  noticed  that  Francis 
Quarles  inscribes  his  stanzas  of  three  lines  each,  prefixed 
to  Phineas  Fletcher's  Piscatorie  Eclogues,  <fec.,  "  To  my 
dear  Friend,  the  Spencer  of  this  age."  The  leaf  of  verses 
is  frequently  wanting ;  collectors,  therefore,  should  care 
fully  examine  copies  offered  for  their  inspection. 

Warton  refers  to  The  Purple  Island  in  but  faint  terms 
of  commendation,  and  the  further  that  criticism  has  been 
removed  from  the  conceits  which  distinguish  the  age  of 
the  poem,  the  less  indulgence  has  been  displayed  to  the 
peculiarities  of  the  author. 

"  Through  five  cantos  the  reader  is  regaled  with  nothing  but 
allegorical  anatomy,  in  the  details  of  which  Phineas  seems  tole 
rably  skilled,  evincing  a  great  deal  of  ingenuity  in  diversifying 
his  metaphors,  and  in  presenting  the  delineation  of  his  imaginary 
island  with  as  much  justice  as  possible  to  the  allegory  without 
obtruding  it  on  the  reader's  view.  In  the  sixth  canto  he  rises  to 
the  intellectual  and  moral  faculties  of  the  soul,  which  occupy  the 


FLE 


FLI 


rest  of  the  poem.  From  its  nature  it  is  insuperably  wearisome; 
yet  his  language  is  often  very  poetical,  his  versification  harmo 
nious,  his  invention  fertile.  But  the  perpetual  monotony  of  ale- 
gorical  persons  which  sometimes  displeases  us  even  in  Spenser,  is 
seldom  relieved  in  Fletcher;  the  understanding  revolts  at  the 
confused  crowd  of  inconceivable  beings,  in  a  philosophical  poem ; 
and  the  justness  of  analogy,  which  had  given  us  some  pleasure  in 
the  anatomical  cantos,  is  lost  in  tedious  descriptions  of  all  possible 
moral  qualities,  each  of  them  personified,  which  can  never  co-exist 
in  the  Purple  Island  of  one  individual."— Hollands  Introduc.  to 
Lit.  of  Europe. 

5.  Piscatory  Eclogues,  with  other  Poetical  Miscellanies, 
with  Notes  by  W.  Tytler,  Lord  Woodhouselee,  Edin.,  1771, 
8vo  A  correct  ed.  6.  Sylva  Poetica,  Autore  P.  F.,  Can 
tab.,  1633,  8vo.  7.  De  Literis  antiquae  Britanniae,  Regi- 
bus  i  rsesertim  qui  Doctrina  claruerunt,  quique  Collegia 
Cantibrigise  fundarunt,  1653,  12ino.  8.  A  Father's  Testa 
ment,  1670,  8vo. 

Wood  tells  us  that  at  King's  College  Phineas  Fletcher 
was  ~  accounted  an  excellent  poet ;"  and  good  old  Izaak 
Waltoo  paid  him  a  twofold  compliment,  than  which  he 
knew  no  higher,  when  he  declared  him  to  be 

"An  excellent  divine  and  an  excellent  angler." 

The  brothers  refer  to  each  other's  works,  and  their  merits 
have  often  been  compared.  See  FLETCHER,  GILES.  It 
would  not  be  difficult  to  continue  these  comparisons,  but 
a  few  lines  must  conclude  an  article  already  sufficiently 
extended : 

"  They  were  both  the  disciples  of  Spenser,  and,  with  his  diction 
gently  modernised,  retained  much  of  his  melody  and  luxuriant 
expression.  Giles's  '  Christ's  Victory  and  Triumph'  has  a  tone  of 
enthusiasm  peculiarly  solemn.  Phineas,  with  a  livelier  fancy,  had 
a  worse  taste.  He  lavished  on  a  bad  subject  the  graces  and  inge 
nuity  that  would  have  made  a  fine  poem  on  a  good  design.  .  .  . 
These  incongruous  conceptions  are  clothed  in  harmony,  and  inter 
spersed  with  beautiful  thoughts:  but  natural  sentiments  and 
agreeable  imagery  will  not  incorporate  with  the  shapeless  features 
of  such  a  design.  They  stand  apart  from  it  like  things  of  a  differ 
ent  element,  and,  when  they  occur,  only  expose  its  deformity. 
On  the  contrary,  in  the  brother's  poem  of  '  Christ's  Triumph,'  its 
main  effect,  though  somewhat  sombrous,  is  not  marred  by  such 
repulsive  contrasts.  Its  beauties,  therefore,  will  tell  in  relieving 
tedium,  and  reconciling  us  to  defects." — CampbdVs  English  Poetry, 
"  Both  of  these  brothers  are  deserving  of  much  praise.  They 
were  endowed  with  minds  eminently  poetical,  and  not  inferior  in 
imagination  to  any  of  their  contemporaries ;  but  an  inj  udicious 
taste,  and  an  excessive  fondness  for  a  style  which  the  public  was 
rapidly  abandoning — that  of  allegorical  personification — prevented 
their  powers  from  being  effectually  displayed." — HaUam's  Lit.  Hist, 
of  Europe. 

"It  grieves  me  to  think,"  says  Hervey,  "that  these  pieces 
[Christ's  Victory  and  the  Purple  Island]  should  be  lost  to  the 
world,  and  be  forever  buried  in  obscurity.  '  The  Purple  Island' 
abounds  with  picturesque,  useful,  and  striking  sentiments." 

Fletcher,  R.  1.  Radius  Heliconicus ;  or,  The  Reso 
lution  of  a  free  State,  1650,  fol.  2.  Trans,  of  Martial's 
Epigrams,  1656,  8vo. 

Fletcher,  Ral.  A  Few  Notes  on  Cruelty  to  Animals ; 
or,  The  Inadequacy  of  Penal  Law;  on  General  Hospitals 
for  Animals,  Ac.,  Lon.,  1846,  8vo. 

Fletcher,  Richard.  1.  First  Steps  to  Medical  Sub 
jects,  in  Latin,  Lon.,  12mo.  2.  Influence  of  a  Troubled 
Mind  on  Health,  8vo.  3.  Medico-Chirurgical  Notes  and 
Illustrations,  4to. 

Fletcher,  Robert.  1.  Introduc.  to  the  Love  of  God, 
&c.,  Lon.,  1581,  8vo.  2.  Solomon's.  Song  trans,  into  Eng 
lish  verse,  1586.  3.  Epitaph,  1603,  4to.  4.  The  Nine  Eng 
lish  Worthies,  Lon.,  1606,  4to,  pp.  72.  This  is  an  historical 
register  of  the  English  royal  Henrys,  kings  and  princes,  in 
prose  and  verse.  Very  rare.  Bibl.  Anglo-Poet.,  276,' £35. 
Bindley,  Pt.  2,  1100,  £37  16s.  Hibbert,  3095,  £7  10s. 

Fletcher,  Robert.  Works  on  medicine  and  chemis 
try,  Lon.,  1674,  '76,  '79,  all  8vo. 

Fletcher,  Miss  S.     Gabrielle  et  Augustina,  1811. 

Fletcher,  Samuel.     Enamel  Painting,  1803,  8vo. 

Fletcher,  Thomas.     Poems  and  Trans.,  1692,  8vo. 

Fletcher,  Thomas.     Serm.,  Dubl.,  1745,  '46,  4to. 

Fletcher,  Wm.,  LL.D.,  Dean  of  Kildare.  20  Serms., 
1772. 

Flenry,  Maria  de.  1.  Henry;  a  Poem,  Lon.,  1789, 
8  ro.  2.  Antinomianism  Unmasked  and  Refuted,  1791,  8vo. 
3.  Divine  Poems  and  Essays  on  Several  Subjects,  1791,  8vo. 

FJcxman,  Roger,  D.D.,  1708-1795,  a  Dissenting 
minister,  a  native  of  Devonshire,  pub.  Miscellanies,  1752  ; 
Serms.,  1752-74 ;  edited  Burnet's  Own  Times,  1753,  4  vols. 
8vo ;  wrote  several  biographies,  and  aided  in  the  prepara 
tion  of  the  General  Index  to  the  Journals  of  the  House  of 
Commons.  He  also  made  an  index  to  The  Rambler,  and 
to  some  other  works.  The  maker  of  a  good  index  is  no 
ignoble  philanthropist.  See  AYSCOCGH,  SAMUEL.  Dr. 
Johnson  did  not  entirely  approve  of  Flexman's  Index  to 
The  Rambler.  When  his  name  was  once  mentioned  before 
the  lexicographer,  he  thus  vented  his  indignation : 


"  Let  me  hear  no  more  of  him,  Sir !  That  is  the  fellow  who  made 
the  Index  to  my  Ramblers,  and  set  down  the  name  of  Milton  thus : 
—MILTON,  Mr.  JOHN." 

Flindall,  John  Morris.  Amateur's  Pocket  Com 
panion;  describing  rare  portraits  and  works,  Lon.,  1813, 
12mo.  2.  Family  Assistant. 

Flinders,  Captain  Matthew,  d.  1814,  an  English 
Navigator.  Voyage  to  Terra  Australis  in  1801-03,  Lon., 
1814,  2  vols.  4to,  and  Atlas;  some  on  large  paper. 

"  The  intrinsic  worth  of  these  truly  scientific  volumes  must  not 
be  measured  by  their  pecuniary  value,  for  I  have  known  a  well- 
bound  copy,  in  calf,  sell  for  only  £5  15s.  6d."—Dibdin's  Lib.  Comp. 
See  a  review  in  Lon.  Quar.  Rev.,  xii.  1,  by  Sir  Jno.  Barrow. 

Con.  to  Phil.  Trans*,  1805,  '06. 

Flinders,  Matthew.     Con.  to  Mem.  Med.,  1799. 

Flinn,  Andrew,  D.D.,  d.  1820,  minister  of  Charles, 
ton,  S.  C.  Serm.,  1810.  Do.,  1811. 

Flint,  Austin,  M.D.  1.  Clinical  Reports  on  Con 
tinued  Fever,  Buffalo,  1853,  8vo.  2.  Physical  Exploration 
and  Diagnosis  of  Diseases  Affecting  the  Respiratory  Or 
gans,  Phila.,  1856,  8vo. 

Flint,  Charles  L.  The  Agriculture  of  Massachusetts, 
as  shown  in  the  Returns  of  the  Agricultural  Societies,  Bost, 
1853-54,  2  vols.  8vo.  Treatise  tm  Grasses  and  Forage 
Plants,  N.  York,  1857,  12mo.  Dairy  Farming,  Bost.,  1859. 

Flint,  George.     Robin's  last  shift,  Part  1, 1717,  8vo. 

Flint,  Henry,  d.  1760,  aged  84,  tutor  in  Harvard 
Coll.,  1705-54,  educated  many  pupils  who  subsequently 
attained  eminence.  He  pub.  occasional  serms.,  1729,  '36, 
and  a  vol.  containing  20  Serras.,  1739,  8vo. 

Flint,  Rev.  James.     Serms.,  Boston,  1852,  12mo. 

Flint,  James.  Letters  from  America,  Edin.,  1822, 8vo. 

Flint,  Micah  P.,  a  son  of  the  Rev.  Timothy  Flint, 
was  the  author  of  a  vol.  entitled  The  Hunter,  and  other 
Poems;  and  pub.  a  number  of  pieces  in  periodicals. 

Flint,  Rev.  Timothy,  1780-1840,  father  of  the  pre 
ceding,  a  native  of  Reading,  Massachusetts,  after  gradua 
ting  at  Harvard  College,  became  minister  of  the  Congre 
gational  Church  in  Lunenburg,  in  the  county  of  Worces 
ter,  where  he  remained  until  1814.  In  1815  he  became  a 
missionary  for  the  Valley  of  the  Mississippi,  and  in  the 
discharge  of  his  itinerant  duties  acquired  that  extensive 
knowledge  of  the  country  and  of  the  people  which  we  find 
displayed  to  such  advantage  in  his  Recollections  and  Geo 
graphy  and  History  of  the  Mississippi  Valley.  After  ten 
years,  spent  in  preaching  and  teaching  school,  he  returned 
to  the  Northern  States.  In  1833  he  edited  several  num 
bers  of  the  Knickerbocker  Mag.,  and  was  subsequently 
editor  for  three  years  of  The  Western  Monthly  Mag. 

1.  Recollections  of  Ten  Years  passed  in  the  Valley  of 
the  Mississippi,  Boston,  1826,  8vo;  2d  ed.,  1831,  8vo. 

"  With  obvious  faults,  Mr.  Flint's  style  is  marked  by  counter 
vailing  excellences,  being  lively,  flowing,  often  vigorous,  and,  in 
general,  quite  unaffected ;  but  this  is  a  secondary  merit.  These 
pages  reflect  a  sincere,  humane,  and  liberal  character,  a  warm  and 
gentle  heart,  and  hardly  even  a  prejudice  that  is  not  amiable." — 
Lon.  Quar.  Rev.,  xlviii.  201. 

"  One  valuable  effect  of  the  work  among  us  will  be  to  allay  local 
jealousies,  soften  prejudices,  correct  misapprehensions,  and  divest 
the  Western  character  of  many  unfavourable  associations  with 
which  it  has  been  too  long  connected  in  this  quarter,  and  to 
strengthen  sentiments  of  mutual  esteem  between  the  people  of  the 
East  and  West."— N.  Amer.  Rev.,  xxiii.  359.  See  also  Amer. 
Month.  Rev.,  iv.  460. 

2.  Francis  Berrian;   or,  The  Mexican   Patriot,  1826. 
This  "purports  to  be  the  autobiography  of  a  New  Eng 
land  adventurer,  who  acted  a  conspicuous  part  in  the  first 
Mexican  revolution,  and  in  the  overthrow  of  Iturbide." 
See  Griswold's  Prose  Writers  of  America. 

3.  A  Condensed  Geography  and  History  of  the  Western 
States  in  the  Mississippi  Valley,  Cin.,  1828,  2  vols.  8vo; 
2d  ed.,  1832,  2  vols.  8vo. 

Mr.  Ward  remarks  that  this  work  is  interesting  and  in 
structive,  though  written  in  "  a  most  uncouth  style."  See 
Ward's  Mexico  in  1827. 

4.  Arthur  Clenning;  a  Novel,  Phila.,  1828,  2  vols.  12mo. 

5.  George  Mason,  the  Young  Backwoodsman;  a  Novel. 

6.  The  Shoshonee  Valley;  a  Romance,  Cin.,  1830,  2  vols. 
12mo.     7.  Indian  Wars  in  the  West,  1833, 12ino.     8.  Lec 
tures  on  Nat,  Hist,  Geology,  Chemistry,  and  the  Arts, 
Bost,  1833,  12mo.     See  a  Review  in  Amer.  Month.  Rev., 
iii.  261.     9.  Trans,  of  Droz's  L'art  d'etre  heureuse,  with 
addits.  by  the  translator.     10.  Trans,  of  Celibacy  Van 
quished;  or,  The  Old  Bachelor  Reclaimed,  Phila.,  1834, 
12rno.     11.  Biograph.  Mem.  of  Daniel   Boone,   the  first 
settler  of  Kentucky,  Cin.,  1834,  18mo.     In  1835  Mr.  Flint 
contributed  to  the  London  Athenaeum  a  series  of  sketches 
of  the  Literature  of  the  United  States. 

Flint,  Wm.  A  Treatise  on  the  Breeding,  Training, 
and  Managing  of  Horses,  Hull,  1815,  8vo. 

607 


FLI 

Flintoff,  Owen.     1.  Rise  and  Progress  of  the  Laws 
of  England  and  Wales,  Lon.,  1839,  Svo.     This  work  should  I 
accompany  John  Reeve's  Hist,  of  the  Eng.  Law.     2.  Intro-  [ 
due.  to  Conveyancing,  1840,  Svo.     This  is  a  new  ed.  of  j 
the  2d  vol.  of  Blackstone's  Comment.,  adapted  to  the  pre 
sent  state  of  the  English  Law.     3.  Law  of  Real  Property, 
1839,  '40,  2  vols.  Svo.     An  excellent  work.     The  2d  vol. 
is  an  enlarged  edit,  of  his  Conveyancing.     The  works  of 
Mr.  Flintoff  occupy  the  first  place  among  legal  treatises. 

Flloyd,  or  Floyd,  Thomas.  1.  Bibliotheca  Bio- 
graphica :  A  Synopsis  of  Universal  Biography,  ancient 
and  modern,  Lon.,  1760,  3  vols.  Svo.  2.  Chronol.  Tables 
of  Univ.  Hist,  1762,  2  vols.  Svo. 

Flood,  Rt.  Hon.  Henry,  d.  1791,  a  distinguished 
orator  of  the  Irish  House  of  Commons,  wrote  some  poetical 
pieces,  pub.  in  the  Oxford  Collection,  and  pub.  some 
Speeches,  1787,  Ac.  His  Life  and  Corresp.,  by  W.  Flood, 
appeared  in  1838,  Lon.,  Svo. 
Flood,  Robert.  See  FLUDD. 

Florence  of  Worcester,  d.  1118,  a  monk  of  great 
erudition,  was  the  first  chronicler  who  wrote  in  England 
after  the  Norman  Conquest.  Chronicon  ex  Chronicis  ab 
Initio  Mundi  vsque  ad*  annum  Domini  1118  deductum. 
Accessit  etiam  Continuatio  vsq.  ad  Annum  Christi  1141, 
Lon.,  1592,  4to.  The  continuation  is  anonymous.  Re 
printed,  etc.,  Francf.,  1601,  fol.  j  and  see  Collection  of 
Historians  edited  by  order  of  the  Record  Commission,  vol. 
L,  pp.  522-615 ;  615-644. 

"  Leland  gives  an  exaggerated  estimate  of  his  character.  His 
chronicle  is  little  better  than  a  compilation  from  the  Chronicle  of 
Marianus  Scotus,  and  from  the  Saxon  Chronicle.  The  part  which 
relates  to  our  own  island  is  almost  a  literal  translation  from  the 
latter  work.  An  anonymous  continuation  of  the  chronicle  of 
Florence  from  1118  to  1141  is  of  much  greater  value  than  the  chro 
nicle  itself."—  Wright's  Biog.  Brit.  Lit. 

Florian,  John.    1.  Human  Knowledge,  Lon.,  1796, 
Svo.  2.  Guide  to  the  Hist,  of  Eng.,  1801,  '04,  Svo.  3.  Lect. 
on  the  Sciences  and  Philos.,  180 6,  2  vols.  Svo. 
Florilegus.     See  MATTHEW  OF  WESTMINSTER. 
Florio,  John,  the  Resolute— for  so  he  styled  himself 
— d.  1625,  was  a  native  of  London,  but  a  descendant  of 
the  Florii  of  Sienna.     He  took  great  delight  in  philology, 
and  offended  the  less  scrupulous  dramatists  of  the  day  by 
declaring  that 

"The  plaies  that  they  do  plaie  in  England,  are  neither  right 
comedies,  nor  right  tragedies;  but  representations  of  histories  with 
out  any  decorum." 

Shakspeare  retaliated  this  assault  by  ridiculing  Florio 
in  his  character  of  Holofernes,  the  Schoolmaster  in  Love's 
Labour  Lost. 

«  The  character  of  Holofernes,  however,  while  it  caricatures  the 
peculiar  folly  and  ostentation  of  Florio,  holds  up  to  ridicule,  at  the 
same  time,  the  general  pedantry  and  literary  affectations  of  the 
age;  and  amongst  these,  very  particularly  the  absurd  innovations 
which  Lilly  had  introduced."— Drake's  Shakspeare  and  his  Times. 
1.  Florio  his  first  Fruites :  which  yeelde  familiar  Speech, 
merie  Prouerbes,  wittie  Sentences,  and  golden  sayings. 
Also  a  perfect  Introduction  to  the  Italian  and  English 
Tongues,  Lon.,  1578,  '91,  4to.  2.  Dialogues  of  Grammar, 
Italian  and  English,  1578.  3.  Florios  Second  Frvtes  to 
be  gathered  of  twelve  trees,  and  his  Garden  of  Recreation 
yielding  six  thousand  Italian  Prouerbs,  1591,  Svo.  4.  A 
Worlde  of  Wordes ;  or  most  copious  and  exact  Dictionarie 
in  Italian  and  English,  1597,  '98,  fol.  Warton  (Hist,  of 
Eng.  Poet.)  says  that  the  first  ed.  was  in  1595,  but  we  pre 
fer  the  authority  of  Wood.  Augmented,  and  pub.  under 
the  title  of  Queen  Anne's  New  World  of  Words,  1611,  fol. 
New  ed.,  enlarged  by  Gio.  Torriano,  1659,  fol.  Even  the 
ed.  of  1611 

"  For  the  variety  of  words  was  far  more  copious  than  any  extanl 
in  the  world  at  that  time."— Athen.  Oxon. 

5.  Trans,  into  Eng.  of  the  Essays  of  Michael,  Lord  of 
Montaigne,  1603,  '13,  '32,  fol. 

"  The  independence  of  his  [Montaigne's]  mind  produces  grea 
part  of  the  charm  of  his  writings ;  it  redeems  his  vanity,  withou 
which  it  could  not  have  been  so  fully  displayed,  or,  perhaps,  sc 
powerfully  felt.  In  an  age  of  literary  servitude,  when  every  pro 
vince  into  which  reflection  could  wander  was  occupied  by  some 
despot;  when,  to  say  nothing  of  theology,  men  found  Aristotle 
Ulpian,  or  Hippocrates,  at  every  turning  to  dictate  their  road,  i1 
was  gratifying  to  fall  in  company  with  a  simple  gentleman  who 
with  much  more  reading  than  generally  belonged  to  his  class,  hac 
the  spirit  to  ask  a  reason  for  every  rule."— HaUam's  Lit.  Hist,  of 
Europe.. 

6.  Trans,  of  A  Narration  rel.  to  Nauigation,  Ac.  to  Newe 
Fraunce ;  from  Ramutius,  1580,  4to.  See  Bliss's  Wood' 
Athen.  Oxon. 

Ramusio  was  the  editor  of  the  excellent  collection  ol 
Navigation  e  Viaggi,  maps  and  plates,  3  vols.  fol.,  Venetia 
Giunta,  1588-83-56. 

"  Ramusio's  collection  of  Voyages  and  Travels,  the  most  perfec 
work  of  that  nature  in  any  language  whatsoever;  containing  al 


FLO 

the  Discoveries  to  the  East,  West,  North,  and  South;  with  full 
descriptions  of  all  the  countries  discovered;  judiciously  compiled, 
and  free  from  that  great  mass  of  useless  matter  which  swells  our 
English  Hackluyt  and  Purchas;  much  more  complete  and  full 
than  the  Latin  De  Bry,  and,,  in  fine,  the  noblest  work  of  this  na 
ture." — LOCKE. 

Floris,  Pet.  Williamson.    Journal  of  his  voyage 
to  the  East  Indies.  See  Purchas's  Pilgrimes,  p.  319 ;  1625. 
Flower.     Heraldic  Visitation  of  the  County  Palatine 
of  Durham  in  1575,  edited  by  Philipson,  Newc.,  1820,  fol. 
100  copies  on  small  and  20  copies  on  large  paper. 
"This  is  the  first  instance  of  a  heraldic  visitation  being  made 
ublic  by  means  of  the  press." 

A  few  copies  only  were  printed,  at  the  expense  of  N.  J. 
hilipson. 

Flower,  Benj.     French  Constitution,  Ac.,  1792,  Ac. 
Flower,  Christopher.     Serms.,  1660,  '66,  '69. 
Flower,  Henry*  Gout  and  Rheumatism,  Lon.,  1766, 
vo. 

"  A  mere  quack  advertisement." — Bibl.  Brit. 
Flower,  John.     Serm.,  1669,  4to. 
Flower,  Richard.     Beer  and  Brewers,  1802,  8vo. 
Uleges  the  malt  tax  to  be  impolitic  and  unjust.     If  Eng- 
and  would  abolish  her  "beer  and  brewers  altogether," 
ae  would  be  greatly  benefited.      Intemperance    is   the 
reatest  foe  which  a  country  can  cherish  in  her  bosom. 
Flower,  Richard.     1.  Letters  from  Lexington  and 
ae  Illinois,  Lon.,  1819,  8vo.    Written  in  June  and  Au- 
ust,  1810. 

"  The  writer  appears  to  have  been  free  from  the  usual  English 
rejudices.  and  speaks  well  of  the  country  and  its  inhabitants."— 
tick's  Bibl.  Amer.  Nova. 

2.  Letters  from  the  Illinois,  [1820,  '21,]  1822.  With  a 
Letter  from  Mr.  Birkbeck,  and  a  pref.  and  notes  by  Benj. 
lower.     See  a  review  in  Lon.  Quar.  Kev.,  xxvii.  71. 
Flower,  Robert  T.   The  Radix ;  Logarithms,  1771. 
Flower,  Thomas.     Serm.,  1754,  Ac. 
Flower,  Rev.  W.  B.     1.  Sunday  Eve  Musings  and 
ther  Poems,  Lon.,  1843,  cr.  Svo.     2.  Classical  Tales  and 
jegends,  1847,  18mo.    3.  Reading  Lessons  for  the  Higher 
Classes  in  Grammar  and  other  schools,  1848,  12mo.  Com 
mended  by  the  Archbp.  of  Canterbury,  the  Bps.  of  Lon 
don,  Exeter,  Lichfield,  Ac.     4.  Tales  of  Faith  and  Provi- 
Lence,  1849,  18mo.     Theolog.  Treatises,  1847-52. 
Flower,  Wm.     Sliding  Rule,  Lon.,  1768,  Svo. 
Flowerdew,  A.     Poems,  1803,  Svo;  3d  ed.,  1811. 
Flowerdew,  D.  C.     Orders  in  Court,  1807. 
Flowre,  John.     Church  of  Christ,  1658,  12mo. 
Floyd,  Edward.     Locusts  in  Wales;  Spontaneous 
Combustion  of  Hay  Stacks,  <fcc.,  Phil.  Trans.,  1694. 

Floyd,  John,  an  Englishman,  visited  the  Continent, 
became  a  Jesuit  in  1593,  and  returned  to  England  as  a 
missionary.     He  pub.  several  controversial  tracts  against 
Chillingworth,  Crashaw,  Hobb,   and    other    Protestants, 
1612-37.     See  Dodd's  Ch.  Hist.;  Bibl.  Brit. 
Floyd,  Thomas.     Perfit  Commonwealth,  1600. 
Floyd,  Thomas.     See  FLLOYD. 
Floyer,  Sir  John,  Knt,  M.D.,  1649-1734,  a  native 
of  Hinters,  Staffordshire,  educated  at  Oxford,  was  noted 
for  his  zeal  (a  most  laudable  one)  in  promoting  the  gene 
ral  use  of  the  cold  bath.     He  pub.  several  professional 
W0rks — Touchstone  of  Medicine,  Lon.,  1687,  2  vols.  Svo ; 
works  on  Baths,  on  Asthma;  a  Comment,  on  42  Histories 
described  by  Hippocrates,  1726,  Svo,   Ac. ;   Two  Essays, 
1717,  Svo,  and  the  following  curious  vol.: 

The  Sibylline  Oracles — trans,  from  the  best  Greek  Co 
pies  and  compared  with  the  Sacred  Prophecies,  especially 
with  David  and  the  Revelations,  and  with  as  much  history 
as  plainly  shows  that  many  of  the  Sibyl's  predictions  are 
exactly  fulfilled.  With  Answers  to  the  Objections  made 
against  them,  1713,  sm.  Svo. 

"  This  is  the  best  English  translation  of  the  Sibylline  Oracles, 
and  is  curious  not  only  ae  a  version  of  these  singular  productions, 
but  as  it  furnishes  a  tolerably  accurate  account  of  the  controversy 
respecting  their  truth  and  authenticity,  of  whjch  Sir  John  appears 
to  have  been  a  firm  believer." — Orma's  Bibl.  Bib. 

The  name  of  Floyer  will  strike  many  of  our  readers 
pleasantly,  for  it  will  remind  them  of  our  gruff  friend  Dr. 
Johnson.  It  was  by  Floyer's  advice  that  the  "  Infant  Her 
cules"  was  sent  to  London  to  be  touched  by  Queen  Anne 
for  the  King's  Evil,  and  Johnson 

«  A  very  short  time  before  his  death  strongly  pressed  the  Editor 
of  these  Anecdotes  to  give  to  the  publick  some  account  of  the  life 
and  works  of  Sir  John  Floyer, « whose  learning  and  piety ,» the  Doc 
tor  said,  '  deserve  recording.'  "-Nichols's  Lit.  Anec.,  v.  19. 

Sir  John  suffered  greatly 'from  the  asthma,  and  when 
Johnson  was  labouring  under  the  same  ailment,  he  refers 
to  the  experience  of  the  physician : 

«  Nor  d(Jes  it  lay  close  siege  to  my  life ;  for  Sir  John  Floyer  whoin 
the  physical  race  consider  as  author  of  one  of  the  best  books  upon 
it,  panted  on  to  ninety,  as  was  supposed.  [Sir  John  is  supposed  to 


FLO 

have  been  older  than  he  claimed  to  be.]"— Letter  to  Langton,  March 

27«I78am  now  looking  into  Floyer,  who  lived  with  his  asthma  to 
about  his  ninetieth  year."— Letter  to  Dr.  Brocklesby,  July  20,  It  84. 

But  in  less  than  five  months  the  "mourners  went  about 
the  streets"  for  one  who  was  so  short  a  time  before  clinging 
with  such  tenacity  to  the  remains  of  life ! 

Floyer,  Phil.  The  Proctor's  Practice  in  the  Eccles. 
Courts,  2d  ed.,  enlarged  by  Thos.  Wright,  Lon.,  1746,  8vo. 

Fludd,  Robert,  M.D.,  or  de  Fluctibus,  surnamed 
"The  Searcher,"  from  his  investigations  in  philosophy, 
medicine,  mathematics,  &c.,  1574-1637,  was  devoted  to  oc 
cult  sciences,  and  "compounded  into  a  new  mass  of  ab 
surdity  all  the  mysterious  and  incomprehensible  dreams 
of  the  Cabbalists  and  Paracelsians."  He  was  a  native  of 
Bearstead,  Kent,  was  educated  at  St.  John's  Coll.,  Oxf.,  and 
afterwards  spent  six  years  in  travelling  in  Europe.  As  a 
physician  he  attained  great  eminence.  He  wrote  treatises 
on 'alchemy,  philosophy,  medicine,  theology,  Ac.,  "mostly 
written  in  Latin,  and  as  dark  and  mysterious  in  their  lan 
guage  as  in  their  matter."  See  a  list  in  Athen.  Oxon.  A 
collective  edit,  of  his  works  was  pub.  in  6  vols.  fol.,  Op- 
penh.  et  Goud.  To  be  complete,  there  should  be  17  parts. 
See  Cat.  de  la  Valliere,  No.  1784;  Lowndes's  Bibl.  Man., 

'"  He  was  esteemed  by  many  scholars  a  most  noted  philosopher, 
an  eminent  physician,  and  one  strangely  profound  in  obscure  mat 
ters.  He  was  a  zealous  brother  of  the  order  of  Rosa-Crusians.  and 
did  so  much  doat  upon  the  wonders  of  chymistry,  that  he  would 
refer  all  mysteries  and  miracles,  even  of  religion,  unto  it."— Athen. 

"  His  books  written  in  Latin  are  many,  great,  and  mystical.  The 
last  some  impute  to  his  charity,  clouding  his  matter  with  dark 
language,  lest  otherwise  the  lustre  thereof  should  dazzle  the  un 
derstanding  of  the  reader.  The  same  phrases  he  used  to  his  pa 
tients  ;  and  seeing  conceit  is  very  contributive  to  the  well-working 
of  physic,  their  fancy,  or  faith  natural,  was  much  advanced  by  his 
elevated  expressions." — Fuller's  Worthies  of  Kent. 

This  habit  of  "mystifying"  patients,  by  using  "elevated 
expressions,"  was  not  confined  to  the  physicians  of  Fludd's 
day.  Fuller  proceeds  to  remark : 

"  His  works  are  for  the  English  to  slight  or  admire,  for  French 
and  foreigners  to  understand  and  use :  not  that  I  account  them 
more  judicious  than  our  countrymen;  but  more  inquiring  into 
such  difficulties.  The  truth  is,  here  at  home  his  books  are  not 
beheld  so  good  as  crystal,  which  (some  say)  are  prized  as  precious 
pearls  beyond  the  seas."—  Ubi  supra. 

Fludyer,  John.  Expos,  of  the  C.  Prayer  Book  of  the 
Ch.  of  Bng.,  Lon.,  1739,  fol.  Serm.,  1756,  8vo. 

Flutter,  J.     Notes  of  a  Bookworm,  consisting  chiefly 
of  Extracts  from  old  and  scarce  works,  1827,  12mo. 
Fly.     Alamanack  for  1662,  8vo. 
Fly,   Henry,   D.D.    1.  Serm.,  1794,  4to.    2.  Serm., 
1798,  4to.     3.  Serm.  preached  Oct.  19, 1803;  being  the  day 
appointed  for  a  Public  Fast,  Lon.,  1804,  8vo. 

Fobes,  Perez,  LL.D.,  d.  1812,  aged  70,  minister  of 

Raynham,  graduated  at  Harvard  Coll.,  1762;  Prof,  in  the 

Coll.  in  R.  Island,  1786.     1.  Hist,  of  Raynham.     2.  Funl. 

-    Serm.  on  Prest.  Manning,  1791.     3.  Election  Serm.,  1795. 

Foe,  De.     See  DE  FOE. 

Fogg,  A.     Medical  Observations,  Newc.,  1803,  8vo. 
Fogg,  Ezekias.     Comfort  for  the  Sicke,  1574. 
Fogg,  Laurence.   1.  Two  theolog.  treatises,  Chester, 
1712,  8vo.     2.  Theologise  Speculative  Schema,  1712,  8vo. 
3.  Election,  1713,  8vo. 

Fogg,  Peter  Walker.  Dissert,  Grammar,  and  Phi- 
los.,  Stockp.,  1796,  8vo.  2.  Elementa  Anglicana,  1797,  2 
vols.  8vo. 

Folchard,  or  Folcard,  flour.  1066,  a  French  monk 
who  settled  in  England,  wrote  the  Life  and  Miracles  of 
John  of  Beverley,  and  is  said  to  have  composed  biogra 
phies  of  St.  Bertin,  Bishop  Oswald,  St.  Adulf,  and  St.  Bo- 
tulf.  Vide  Acta  Sanctorum  Mensis  Mali,  tomus  ii.  fol., 
Antv.,  1680,  pp.  168-173.  The  Life  and  Miracles  of  John 
of  Beverley.  Mabillon  Acta  Sanctorum  Ordinis  S.  Bene- 
dicti,  Sseculum  iii.,  pars  1,  fol.,  Paris,  1672,  pp.  108-112. 
The  Life  and  Miracles  of  St.  Bertin,  pp.  434,  435.  An 
abridged  copy  of  the  life  of  John  of  Beverley. 

"  As  a  writer  there  is  little  in  Folchard's  style  to  distinguish  him 

from  the  common  writers  of  his  age."—  Wright's  Biog.  Brit.  Lit.,  q.  v. 

Foley,  James.     French  Delectus,  Lon.,  1815,  12mo. 

Foley,  Richard.   Pract.  Ct.  G.  Session,Lon.,1792,8vo. 

Foley,  Rev.  Robert.  1.  Lett,  to  Dr.  Priestley,  Stourb., 

1793,  8vo.     2.  Defence  of  the  Ch.  of  Eng.,  Lon.,  1795,  8vo. 

Foley,  Robert.     Laws  rel.  to  the  Poor,  from  the  43d 

Eliz.  to  the  3d  Geo.  II.,  with  Cases,  Ac.,  Lon.,  1739,  '43, 

'51,  '58,  8vo. 

Foley,  Samuel,  Bishop  of  Down  and  Connor.  Serms., 
1683,  4to.  Giant's  Causeway.  Phil.  Trans.,  1694. 

Folger,  Peleg,  1734-1789,  a  native  of  Nantucket, 
Mass.,  was  employed  for  a  number  of  years  in  the  fisheries 


FOL 

which  have  made  his  native  town  so  deservedly  famous. 
He  occasionally  beguiled  the  tedium  of  his  voyages  by 
writing  very  creditable  poetry,  a  specimen  of  which,  ex 
tracted  from  his  Journal,  will  be  found  in  Macy's  History 
of  Nantucket. 

Folger,  Peter,  1618-1690,  a  native  of  England,  set 
tled  at  Martha's  Vineyard  in  1635,  and  removed  to  Nan 
tucket  in  1662.  He  married  Mary  Morrill;  his  daughter 
Abiah  was  the  mother  of  the  celebrated  Benjamin  Franklin. 
He  wrote  a  poem,  finished  April  23, 1676,  entitled  A  Look 
ing  Glass  for  the  Times. 

"The  author  addresses  himself  to  the  governors  for  the  time 
being;  speaks  for  liberty  of  conscience,  and  in  favour  of  the  Ana 
baptists,  Quakers,  and  other  Sectaries,  who  had  suffered  persecu 
tion.  ...  The  poem  appeared  to  be  written  with  a  manly  freedom 
and  a  pleasing  simplicity."— DR.  FRANKLIN. 

The  following  is  a  specimen  of  this  splendid  effort  of 

genius : 

"  I  am  for  peace  and  not  for  war, 

And  that's  the  reason  why 
I  write  more  plain  than  some  men  do, 

That  use  to  daub  and  lie. 
But  I  shall  cease,  and  set  my  name 

To  what  I  here  insert ; 
Because  to  be  a  libeller, 

I  hate  it  with  my  heart. 
From  Sherbon  town  where  now  I  dwell, 

My  name  do  I  put  here 
Without  offence,  your  real  friend, 

It  is  Peter  Folger." 

This  was  pub.  in  1675,  and  reprinted  in  1763.    It  is  now 
very  rare,  but  the  reader  will  find  it  in  that  valuable  work, 
which  none  of  our  readers  should  be  without,  E.  A.  and 
G.  L.  Duyckincks'  Cyc.  of  Amer.  Lit. 
Folger  is  described  as  an 

"Able,  godly  Englishman,  who  was  employed  in  teaching  the 
youth  in  reading,  writing,  and  the  principles  of  religion  by  cate 
chising." — Prince's  New  England.  See  Allen's  Amer.  Biog.  Diet. ; 
B.  Franklin's  Works. 

Foliot,  Gilbert,  d.  1188,  a  monk  of  Cluny,  Abbot  of 
Gloucester,  1139;  Bishop  of  Hereford,  1148;  of  London, 
1163.  He  wrote  Expositio  in  Cant.  Canticorum,  edidit 
Patr.  Junius,  Lon.,  1638,  4to,  a  number  of  Letters,  Ac. 
Some  have  been  printed  in  the  Epistolse  S.  Thomae,  and 
many  are  in  MS.  in  the  Bodleian  Library,  &c.  See  Wright's 
Biog.  Brit.  Lit 

Foliot,Robert,d.ll86,Bishop  of  Hereford,  1174, wrote 
a  treatise  De  Sacramentis  Veteris  Testamenti. —  Ubi  supra. 
Folkes,  Martin,  1690-1754,  an  eminent  English  an 
tiquary,  was  educated  at  Saumur,  and  at  Clare  Hall,  Camb. 
In  1741  he  succeeded  Sir  Hans  Sloane  as  Pres.  of  the  Royal 
Society.  Tables  of  English  Gold  and  Silver  Coins,  with 
their  Weights,  Intrinsic  Values,  #c.,  1736,  '45,  4to.  New 
ed.,  much  improved,  pub.  by  the  Society  of  Antiquaries, 
edit,  by  Dr.  Andrew  Gifford,  1763,  2  vols.  4to;  1772,  4to. 
Con.  on  astronomy,  antiquities,  and  nat.  hist.,  to  Phil. 
Trans.,  1717,  '37,  '45,  '70.  An  interesting  account  of  this 
learned  antiquary  will  be  found  in  Nichols's  Lit.  Anecdotes 
from  materials  originally  drawn  up  by  Dr.  Birch.  See  a 
Catalogue  of  the  entire  and  valuable  library  of  M.  Folkes, 
sold  by  auction,  1756,  Lon.,  1756,  8vo. 

"  Mr.  Martin  Folkes  may  justly  be  ranked  among  the  most  useful 
as  well  as  splendid  literary  characters  of  which  this  country  can 
boast.  The  collection  was  an  exceedingly  fine  one;  enriched  with 
many  books  of  choicest  description." — Dibdin's  Bibliomania. 

Folkiugham,  or  Follingham,  W.  1.  Epitome  of 
Surveying  Methodised,  Lon.,  1610, 4to.  2.  Compound  Ale» 
1623, 12mo.  3.  Brachigraphy,  or  Shorte  Writing,  8vo.  See 
Donaldson's  Agricult.  Biog. 

Follen,  Charles  Theodore  Christian,  J.U.D.,  b. 
Sep.  4,  1796,  at  Romrod.  in  the  Grand  Duchy  of  Hesse- 
Darmstadt,  perished  in  the  conflagration  of  the  steamboat 
Lexington,  Jan.  13, 1840.  He  held  several  responsible  posi 
tions  in  Europe  and  the  United  States,  and  from  1831  to 
1834  was  Prof,  of  the  German  Language  and  Literature  in 
Harvard  Coll.  For  some  years  before  his  death  he  officiated 
as  a  Unitarian  minister,  and  in  May,  1839,  received  a  call 
to  a  congregation  at  East  Lexington,  Mass.  1.  German 
Grammar,  Bost.,  12mo.  2.  German  Reader.  3.  German 
Versification  of  the  Gospel  of  St.  John,  12mo.  A  collective 
edit,  of  his  Works,  edited  by  his  widow,  Eliza  Lee  Follen, 
was  pub.,,  in  5  vols.  sm.  8vo,  in  1841,  and  in  the  same  year 
Mrs.  Follen  pub.  a  Memoir  of  his  Life,  12mo.  Reviews  of 
the  Life  and  Writings  of  Prof.  Follen  will  be  found  in  the 
Democratic  Rev.,  vii.  466;  Chris.  Examiner,  xxviii.  87; 
xxxiii.  33;  and  Life  by  H.  J.  Raymond,  in  Biog.  Ann.,  1841, 
8vo. 

Follen,  Eliza  Lee,  formerly  Miss  Cabot,  a  native 
of  Boston,  was  married  in  1828  to  Prof.  Charles  Follen, 
(see  above.)  She  has  pub.  several  works,  the  principal  of 
which  are  Sketches  of  Married  Life,  The  Skeptic,  and  a 


FOL 

Life  of  Charles  Follen,  just  noticed.  She  has  also  given 
to  the  world  The  Well-Spent  Hour,  Words  of  Truth,  Ger 
man  Fairy  Tales,  Hymns,  Songs  and  Fables,  Selections 
from  Fe"ne~lon,  Birthday  Poems,  and  Nursery  Songs.  The 
larger  part  of  her  poetry  will  be  found  in  a  vol.  pub.  in 
Boston  in  1839,  entitled,  Poems  on  Occasional  Topics. 

Folliot.     Fast  Serm.,  Lon.,  1798,  4to. 

Follisius,  Jacob.  Jacobi  Follisii  Edinburgensis  ca- 
lamitosse  Pestis  elegiaca  Deploratio,  4to. 

Folsom,  Charles.  1.  Cicero's  Orations;  English 
Notes,  Bost.  2.  Livy;  English  Notes. 

Folsom,  George,  grad.  at  Cambridge  Univ.,  1822 ; 
in  1844  was  elected  to  the  Senate  of  the  State  of  N.Y.  1.  Hist. 
Sketches  of  Saco  and  Biddeford,  Saco,  1830, 12mo.  2.  Mexico 
in  1842,  N.  York,  1842,  18mo.  3.  Letters  and  Despatches 
of  Cortez ;  trans,  from  the  Spanish,  1843,  8vo  and  12mo. 

"This  stirring  narrative  of  toil  and  adventure,  addressed  by 
the  celebrated  conqueror  of  Mexico  to  his  Sovereign,  although  re 
plete  with  the  most  romantic  interest,  has  hitherto  escaped  an 
English  translator.  Written  amidst  the  very  scenes  described,  in 
a  tone  of  honest  sincerity,  and  with  a  scrupulous  attention  to 
truth,  these  Letters,  or  Dispatches,  after  being  published  sepa 
rately  as  they  were  received  in  Spain,  seem  to  have  been  overlooked 
and  forgotten  when  in  the  lapse  of  time  the  original  editions  had 
disappeared  from  the  public  eye." — Extract  from  the  Preface. 

This  is  a  trans,  of  the  second,  third,  and  fourth  letters  of 
Cortez,  from  the  ed.  pub.  in  Mexico  in  1770  by  Lorenzana. 
Mr.  Folsom  must  not  forget  the  request  of  Mr.  Rich  that 
he  would  favour  us  with  trans,  of  other  letters  of  Cortez. 
4.  Address  before  the  Maine  Hist,  Soc.,  Sept.  6,  1846,  8vo. 

Folsom,  N.  S.  Crit.  and  Hist.  Interp.  of  the  Pro 
phecies  of  Daniel,  Bost,,  1842,  12mo. 

Fonblanque,  Albany,  b.  1800,  a  son  of  John  de 
Grenier  Fonblanque,  the  eminent  lawyer,  was  for  many 
years  proprietor  and  editor  of  the  London  Examiner,  which 
obtained  great  reputation  through  his  literary  abilities. 
Much  of  the  matter  in  his  work  entitled  England  under 
Seven  Administrations,  pub.  in  1837,  3  vols.  p.  8vo,  origi 
nally  appeared  in  his  editorial  columns.  Upon  Mr.  F.'s 
acceptance  of  a  post  in  the  Board  of  Trade,  the  Examiner 
passed  into  the  charge  of  Mr.  John  Forster. 

Fonblanque,  John  de  Grenier,  1759-1837,  an 
eminent  English  lawyer,  Senior  King's  Counsel,  and 
Senior  Bencher  of  the  Hon.  Society  of  the  Middle  Temple. 

1.  A  Treatise  of  Equity,  1792,  '93,  2  vols.  8vo ;  4th  ed., 
with  Francis's  Maxims  of  Equity,  1812,  7  vols.  Svo;  5th 
ed.,  1820,  2  vols.  8vo ;  4th  Amer.  ed.,  by  Anthony  Laussat, 
Brookfield,  1835,  2  vols.  in  1,  8vo.     The  original  of  this 
work  was  an  anonymous  treatise,  pub.  Lon.,  1737,  fol., 
ascribed  to  Henry  Ballou.     Mr.  F.  added  as  much  as  he 
found,  both  in  quantity  and  value,  and  gained  great  repu 
tation  by  his  labours. 

"  Few  works  have  attained  such  universal  approbation,  or  been 
more  generally  read.  The  notes  are  copious,  perspicuous,  and 
learned,  and  the  authorities  are  full  and  pertinent." — Hoffman's 
Leg.  Stu.,  400. 

It  has  been  pretty  much  superseded,  both  in  England 
and  America,  by  Maddock's  Chancery  and  Chief -Justice 
Story's  Commentaries  on  Equity  Jurisprudence. 

2.  Doubts,  Ac.  rel.  to  Bullion  Committee's  Recommenda 
tion,  1810,  Svo.  3.  To  Electors,  8vo. 

Fonblanque,  J.  S.  M.,  Com.  of  Bkrupts.,  son  of  the 
preceding  Fonblanque.  1.  Bkrupt  Statutes,  1825,  8vo. 

2.  Medical  Jurisprudence,  1823,  3  vols.  Svo,  in  conjunc 
tion  with  J.  A.  Paris,  M.D. 

Fonblanque,  J.  W.  M.  Cases  in  the  several  Cts.  of 
the  Com.  of  Bkruptcy.  Act  1849,  Lon.,  1849-51,  Pts.  1  and  2. 

Fond,  John.     System  of  Music,  Lon.,  1725,  8vo. 

Foord,  or  Ford,  Anthony.  Summary  of  the  Sacra 
ments,  Lon.,  16mo.  Sine  anno. 

Foord,  Edward.    See  FORD. 

Foord,  John.     Expos,  lib.  Psalmorum,  1646,  4to. 

Foord,  Joseph,  a  minister  of  the  Ch.  of  Scotland 
19  Serms.,  Edin.,  1719,  8vo :  3d  ed.,  1759,  12mo. 

Foot,  James.  Penser'oso;  or,  The  Pensive  Man  in 
his  Solitudes;  a  Poem,  in  six  Books,  Lon.,  1771,  8vo. 

Foot,  Jesse,  1744-1827,  an  English  surgeon,  pub, 
several  professional  treatises,  The  Life  of  John  Hunter, 
1794,  8vo ;  The  Life  of  A.  R.  Bowes  and  the  Countess  of 
Strathmore,  1810,  Svo;  The  Life  of  Arthur  Murphy,  1811 
4to;  and  some  other  works. 

Foot,  John,  surgeon.     Appeal,  1769,  8vo. 

Foot,  Peter.    Agricult.  of  Middlesex,  1794,  4to 

"Always  reckoned  a  superior  work."— Donaldson's  AgricuU.  Biog 

Foot,  Rev.  Wm.     A  Charge,  Lon.,  1753,  8vo. 

Foote,  Lt.  Andrew  H.,  Commander  U. States  Navy 
Africa  and  the  American  Flag,  N.  York,  1854,  12mo.  An 
interesting  work. 

Foote,  Capt.  E.  J.,  Rear-Admiral  of  the  Blue,  R 


FOR 

Navy.     Vindication  of  his  Conduct  against  the  Misrep.  of 
McArthur  and  Clarke  in  the  Life  of  Nelson,  1807. 

Foote,  H.  S.  Texas  and  the  Texans,  Phila.,  1841, 
2  vols.  12mo.  See  Lieber's  Essays  on  Property,  &c.,  148. 
Foote,  James,  minister  of  the  Free  East  Church, 
Aberdeen.  1.  Lectures  on  the  Gospel  according  to  Luke, 
Edin.,  6  vols.  sm.  Svo;  2d  ed.,  1849,  3  vols.  fp.  Svo;  3d 
ed.,  1857,  2  vols.  Svo. 

These  Lectures  are  characterized  by  the  valuable  qualities  of 
good  sense,  scriptural  sentiment,  and  perspicuous  style." — Edin. 
Chris.  Instruc. 

"  Very  practical  and  useful." — Bickersteth's  C.  S. 
2.  Treatise  on  Effectual  Calling,  1846,  fp.  Svo. 
"We  cordially  recommend  this  little  volume  as  well  adapted  to 
.waken  the  careless,  and  to  instruct  and  encourage  the  thought 
ful."—  Baptist  Mag. 

Foote,  Samuel,  1722-1777,  "The  English  Aristo 
phanes,"  a  native  of  Truro,  Cornwall,  was  of  a,  highly  re- 
ipectable  family.  After  pursuing  his  studies  at  Worcester 
Coll.,  Oxf.,  and  at  the  Middle  Temple,  he  went  upon  the 
stage,  where,  not  meeting  with  the  success  he  desired,  he 
determined  to  turn  dramatic  author,  and  write  pieces  suited 
to  his  capacities  as  an  actor.  In  1747  he  opened  The 
Little  Theatre  in  the  Haymarket,  with  a  piece  of  his  own, 
called  The  Diversions  of  the  Morning,  which  was  very 
successful.  We  need  not  marvel  at  this  when  we  consider 
that  he  represented  real  characters,  and  imitated  their 
voice,  gait,  and  gestures,  in  the  most  striking  manner. 
Thenceforth  the  Little  Theatre,  Haymarket,  was  under 
stood  to  be  the  regular  summer  resort  when  the  other  two 
theatres  were  closed. 

Of  the  following  comic  dramatic  pieces  of  his  composi 
tion — taken  from  Biog.  Dramat. — twenty  were  pub.  1.  An 
Auction  of  Pictures,  1748.  2.  Taste,  1752.  3.  The  Eng 
lishman  in  Paris,  1753.  4.  The  Knights,  1754.  5.  The 
Englishman  returned  from  Paris,  1756.  6.  The  Author, 
1757.  7.  The  Minor,  1760.  8.  The  Orators,  1762.  9.  The 
Lyar,  1762.  10.  The  Mayor  of  Garrat,  1764.  11.  The  Pa 
tron,  1764.  12.  The  Commissary,  1765.  13.  Prelude  on 
opening  the  Theatre,  1767.  14.  The  Lame  Lover,  1770. 
15.  Piety  in  Pattens,  1773.  16.  The  Bankrupt,  1776.  17. 
The  Devil  upon  Two  Sticks,  1768.  18.  The  Maid  of  Bath, 
1771.  19.  The  Nabob,  1772.  20.  The  Cozeners,  1774. 
21.  The  Capuchin,  1776.  22.  A  Trip  to  Calais,  1778. 
23.  The  Tryal  of  Samuel  Foote,  1763.  24.  Diversions  of 
the  Morning,  1747,  '58.  25.  Lindamira,  1805.  26.  The 
Slanderer.  Left  in  MS.,  27.  The  Young  Hypocrite.  For 
particulars  respecting  dates  see  Biog.  Dramat.;  anjl  see  a, 
notice  of  some  other  works,  ascribed  to  him,  in  Bibl.  Brit. 
Dramatic  Works,  1778,  4  vols.  Svo.  Frequently  reprinted 
in  2  vols.  Svo,  Life,  1788,  Svo.  Memoirs  of  his  Life,  and 
some  of  his  Writings,  see  COOKE,  WILLIAM. 

Foote  was  as  much  famed  for  his  numerous  powers  in 
social  life  as  he  was  on  the  stage.  Of  this  we  have  an 
amusing  evidence  in  the  following  story,  related  by  Dr. 
Johnson: 

"The  first  time  I  was  in  company  with  Foote  was  at  Fitzher- 
bert's.  Having  no  good  opinion  of  the  fellow,  I  was  resolved  not 
to  be  pleased ;  and  it  is  very  difficult  to  please  a  man  against  his 
will.  I  went  on  eating  my  dinner  pretty  sullenly,  affecting  not 
to  mind  him ;  but  the  dog  was  so  very  comical,  that  I  was  obliged 
to  lay  down  my  knife  and  fork,  throw  myself  back  in  my  chair, 
and  fairly  laugh  it  out.  Sir,  he  was  irresistible." 
Boswell  remarks : 

"Foote  told  me  that  Johnson  said  of  him,  'For  loud,  obstrepe 
rous,  broad-faced  mirth,  I  know  not  his  equal.'" 

It  is  not  difficult  to  guess  at  the  secret  of  Foote's  success 
with  Johnson : 

"  He  [Foote]  was,  perhaps,  the  only  man  among  the  set,  totally 
independent  of  Johnson's  monarchy;  he  had  an  intrepid  wit  and 
pleasantry  of  his  own,  and  was  fearless  of  any  colloquial  antago 
nist." — Caiman's  Random  Records. 

See  Boswell's  Life  of  Johnson;  Cooke's  Life  of  Foote; 
Davies's  Life  of  Garrick. 

Foote,  Samuel,  Jr.  Reform ;  a  Farce,  modernized 
from  Aristophanes,  Lon.,  1792,  Svo. 

Foote,  Wm.  Henry,  D.D.  1.  Sketches  of  North 
Carolina,  Hist,  and  Biog.,  N.  York,  1846,  Svo.  2.  Sketches 
of  Virginia,  Hist,  and  Biog.,  1st  Series,  Phila.,  1849,  Svo; 
2d  Series,  1855,  Svo. 

"And  now,  kind  reader,  you  shall  be  introduced  to  some  of  those 
early  settlements  made  by  men  of  strong  minds,  ready  hands,  and 
brave  hearts,  the  elements  of  whose  character,  like  the  country 
they  chose,  have  been  developed  in  the  prosperity  of  Virginia." — 
Introduction. 

Forbes.  Eloge  de  la  Ville  Edinbourg,  divise  en  qua- 
tres  Chants,  par  le  Sieur  de  Forbes,  Edin.,  1753,  12mo. 

Forbes,  Alexander.  An  Anatomy  of  Independency, 
Lon.,  1644,  4to. 

Forbes,  Alexander,  Lord  Forbes  of  Pitsligo,  d.  1749, 
an  adherent  of  the  exiled  Royal  family,  commanded  a 


FOR 

troop  of  horse  in  the  Rebellion  of  1745.  After  the  battle 
of  Culloden  he  fled  to  France,  but  returned  to  Scotland  in 
1749.  He  is  supposed  to  be  the  prototype  of  the  Baron 
of  Brawardine  in  Sir  Walter  Scott's  Waverley.  He  wrote 
Moral  and  Philosophical  Essays,  1763. 

"  His  lordship  is  said  to  have  been  a  man  of  good  parts,  great 
honour  and  spirit,  and  universally  beloved  and  esteemed."  See 
Park's  Walpole's  R.  &  N.  Authors. 

Forbes,  Alexander.  Hist,  of  Upper  and  Lower  Cali 
fornia,  Lon.,  1839,  8vo. 

"This  work  furnishes  us  with  a  striking  illustration  of  the 
wretchedness  of  man,  if  he  lives  without  exchange  and  well-de 
veloped  property,  even  though  surrounded  by  a  bountiful  nature." 
—Lieber's  Essays  on  Property  and  Labour,  p.  140;  and  see  pp.  148, 

"'A  valuable  work.  The  author  was  one  of  the  first  of  the  Anglo- 
Saxon  race  to  explore  this,  till  lately,  unknown  country;  he  reaped 
the  reward  of  his  enterprise  by  securing  the  possession  of  the  great 
quicksilver  mines,  now  worked  by  the  firm  of  which  he  is  the 
head." 

"  A  work  of  superior  excellence  and  most  useful  instruction." — 
CHANCELLOR  KENT. 

Forbes,  Alexander  P.,  D.C.L.,  Bishop  of  Brechin. 
1.  Comment,  on  the  Te  Deum,  1850,  32mo.  2.  Short  Ex- 
plan,  of  the  Nicene  Creed,  Oxf.,  1850,  '52,  8vo. 

Forbes,  Arthur,  Earl  of  Granard.  A  True  Copie  of 
Two  Letters  brought  by  Mr.  Peters,  &c.,  Lon.,  1642,  4to. 

Forbes,  Daniel.     Case  of  Ileus;  Med.  Com.,  1785. 

Forbes,  David.  A  Prophesie  of  Doomsday,  2d  ed., 
Edin.,  1631,  18mo. 

Forbes,  Rt.  Hon.  Duncan,  1685-1747,  a  native 
of  Culloden,  studied  at  Edinburgh,  Utrecht,  Leyden,  and 
Paris,  and,  after  his  return  from  the  continent  in  1707, 
practised  as  an  advocate,-  Solicitor-General  from  Scotland, 
1717;  Lord  Advocate,  1725  ;  Lord  President  of  the  Ct.  of 
Sessions,  1737.  In  the  Rebellion  of  1745  he  zealously  op 
posed  the  Pretender,  and  was  so  much  chagrined  at  the 
ungrateful  refusal  of  government  to  reimburse  his  expenses 
thereby  incurred,  that  he  fell  a  victim  to  a  fever  produced 
by  excitement  of  mind.  1.  Thoughts  on  Religion,  Natural 
and  Revealed,  Edin.,  1735,  '43,  8vo.  Trans,  into  French 
by  Father  Houbigant. 

"President  Forbes  was  a  considerable  Hebrew  scholar,  of  the 
school  of  Ilutchinson.  The  system  of  that  singular  writer  appears 
to  greater  advantage  in  this  small  volume  than  in  any  of  his  own 
works,  or  those  of  his  other  followers." — Orme's  Bibl.  Bib. 

2.  Letter  to  a  Bishop  resp.  some  imp.  Discov.  in  Philos. 
and  Theol.,  Lon.,  1735,  4to.  Also  trans,  into  French  by 
Father  Houbigant.  3.  Reflections  on  the  Sources  of  In 
credulity  with  regard  to  Religion,  Edin.,  1750,  2  vols. 
12mo,  or  1  vol.  12mo.  Posth. 

"  A  little  jewel.  I  knew  and  venerated  the  man ;  one  of  the 
greatest  that  ever  Scotland  bred,  both  as  a  judge,  a  patriot,  and  a 
Christian." — BISHOP  WARBURTON. 

4.  Works,  with  a  biog.  Sketch  of  the  Author  by  J.  Ban- 
natyne,  Esq.,  Edin.,  1816,  8vo.  Works,  2  vols.  12mo.  See 
Memoirs  of  the  Life  and  Writings  of  Duncan  Forbes,  Lon., 
1748,  8vo;  the  Culloden  Papers,  1815,  4to;  Lord  Wood- 
houselee's  Life  of  Kames ;  Chambers's  Lives  of  Illust.  and 
Dist.  Scotsmen ;  J.  H.  Burton's  Lives  of  Duncan  Forbes 
and  Lord  Lovat,  Lon.,  1847,  p.  8vo ;  Edin.,  Lon.  Quart.,  and 
N.  Brit.  Reviews. 

"  His  natural  talents  were  of  the  very  first  order,  enlarged  by  an 
excellent  education,  completely  disciplined  and  fully  matured  by 
habits  of  intense  study,  and  of  minute,  and  at  the  same  time,  ex 
tensive  observation ;  and  they  were  all  employed  most  honourably 
and  conscientiously  in  the  real  business  of  life." — LORD  \^ooi>- 

HOUSELEE. 

Forbes,  Duncan.  1.  E.  India  and  Col.  Guide,  Lon., 
1841,  12mo.  2.  Hindustani  Manual,  1845,  2d  ed.,  1848, 
18mo.  3.  Hindustani  Gram.,  1846,  8vo.  4.  Hindu  Reader, 
r.  8vo.  5.  Persian  Gram.,  r.  8vo.  6.  Bagh-0-Bahar :  Tales 
in  Hindustani,  1846,  r.  8vo.  7.  Diet,  Hind.-Eng.,  Eng.- 
Hind.,  1846,  8vo.  The  most  copious  diet,  of  the  kind  in 
a  portable  form.  8.  Oriental  Penmanship,  1849,  4to. 

Forbes,  Prof.  Edward,  1815-1854.  1.  Hist,  of 
Brit.  Star  Fishes,  Lon.,  1841,  demy  8vo  and  r.  8vo.  This 
vol.  is  uniform  with  the  Brit.  Quadrupeds  and  Brit.  Rep 
tiles,  by  Prof.  Bell,  and  the  Brit,  Birds  and  Brit.  Fishes, 
by  Mr.  Yarrell. 

"  Discloses  a  world  of  wonders  round  our  shores.  The  illustra 
tions,  in  which  fancy  is  made  to  enlighten  science,  are  very  beauti 
ful."—  British  Critic. 

2.  Inaugural  Lect.  on  Botany,  1843,  8vo.  3.  Synopsis  of 
the  Brit.  Naked-eyed  Pulmograde  Medusae.  Ray  Society, 
3d  issue,  4th  year,  1847.  4.  In  conjunction  with  S.  Han- 
ley;  Hist,  of  Brit,  Mollusca,  1853,  4  vols.  8vo,  £6  10s.  r, 
8vo ;  plates  col'd,  £13.  5.  Zoology  of  the  Voyage  of  H. 
M.  Ship  Herald,  3  vols.  r.  4to.  6.  In  conjuction  with  Prof. 
Huxley ;  Mollusca  and  Radiata  of  the  Voyage  of  H.  M. 
Ship  Herald.  Preparing  for  publication,  (1855.) 

Forbes,  Eli,  D.D.,  1726-1804,  minister  of  Brookfield 


FOR 

and  of  Gloucester,  Mass.  He  pub.  A  Family  Book,  Serms., 
&c.,  1761-92,  Ac. 

Forbes,  F.  E.  1.  Six  Months' Service  in  the  African 
Blockade,  Lon.,  p.  8vo.  Five  Years  in  China,  1842-^7, 
1848,  8vo.  3.  Dahomey  and  the  Dahomans,  1849-50, 
2  vols!  p.  8vo,  1851. 

Forbes,  Francis.  1.  New  Husbandry,  Lon.,  1778, 
8vo.  2.  Improvement  of  Waste  Lands,  1778,  8vo. 

"The  practical  part  is  nothing."— Donaldson's  Agricult.  Biog. 

Forbes,  G.  H.  Prize  Essay  on  the  Goodness  of  God, 
Edin.,  1849,  8vo. 

Forbes,  J.  G.,  of  the  city  of  New  York.  Sketches 
of  Florida,  1821. 

Forbes,  James,  1749-1819,  a  native  of  London,  con 
nected  with  the  civil  service  of  the  East  India  Company. 

1.  Letters  from  France  in  1803-04,  Lon.,  1806,  2  vols.  8vo. 

2.  Reflections  on  the  Character  of  the  Hindoos,  and  the 
importance  of  converting  them  to  Christianity,  1810,  8vo. 

3.  Oriental  Memoirs :  a  Narrative  of  Seventeen  Years'  Re 
sidence  in  India,  including  Observ.  on  parts  of  Africa  and 
S.  America,  and  Journals  of  Four  Indian  Voyages.     Em 
bellished  with    95  fine  engravings,  by  Charles  Heath, 
Storer,   Greig,   Angus,   and    Wageman,   Lon.,    1813-15, 
4  vols.  4to.    Pub.  at  £16  16s.    Some  copies  have  27  addit. 
Plates,  by  Thomas  and  Wm.  Daniell,  also  sold  separately 
[at  about  £2  2s.]  to  complete  former  copies.     The  Plates 
of  Nat.  Hist,  are  beautifully  col'd.     See  a  list  of  the  122 
engravings   in  H.  G.  Bohn's  Guinea  Cat,  1841.      This 
splendid  work,  with  the  addit.  27  plates,  can  now  be  pro 
cured  for  about  eight  guineas.     For  an  extended  descrip 
tion  of  it  we  must  refer  the  reader  to  the  London  Quart. 
Rev.,  xii.  180-227.     Mr.  Forbes  compiled  this  work  from 
his  original  materials  of  150  folio  vols.,  containing  52,000 
pages  of  MS.  letters  and  drawings. 

"  The  volumes  were  published  at  his  own  cost,  and  a  work  more 
splendid  or  more  complete  in  its  decorations  we  have  seldom  seen." 
— Lon.  Quar.  Rev. 

"The  drawings  and  collections  of  Mr.  Forbes  seem  almost  to  ex 
ceed  the  powers  of  human  industry  and  perseverance,  and  this 
literary  monument  to  his  name  may  fairly  be  considered  the  es 
sence  of  his  extraordinary  researches.  The  whole  work  is  very 
entertaining  as  well  as  instructive." — Lon.  Lit.  Gaz. 

"Of  all  the  works  which  have  been  published  on  India,  this, 
perhaps,  is  the  most  sterlingly  valuable." — Lon.  Atlas. 

"It  is  to  be  regretted  that  this  very  splendid  and  expensive 
work  was  not  published  in  a  cheaper  form,  as  it  abounds  in  most 
striking  pictures  of  the  manners,  customs,  Ac.  of  India."— Steven 
son's  Voyages  and  Travels. 

Since  the  above  was  written,  Mr.  Forbes's  daughter, 
the  Countess  de  Montalembert,  has  pub.  (in  1834)  an 
abridgt.  of  the  Oriental  Memoirs,  in  2  vols.  8vo,  with  a 
4to  Atlas  of  85  Plates,  of  which  24— those  of  Nat.  Hist.— • 
are  beautifully  col'd.  Such  copies  were  pub.  at  £5  15s.  6c?., 
and  can  now  be  had  for  about  £2  15s. ;  or  the  Atlas  alone 
for  £1  15s. 

Forbes,  James  D.,  Prof,  of  Nat.  Philos.  in  tho 
Univ.  of  Edin.  1.  Travels  through  the  Alps  of  Savoy, 
Lon.,  1843,  imp.  8vo;  2d  ed.,  1845. 

"This  work  contains  ample  and  exact  details  in  topography.  .  .  . 
It  abounds  with  daring  and  hazardous  adventures,  contains  no 
tices  of  occasional  catastrophes  that  have  befallen  less  fortunate 
explorers,  presents  interesting  discoveries  with  new  deductions, 
and  is  clothed  in  a  style  and  diction  entirely  in  keeping  with  the 
beauty  and  grandeur  of  the  subject.  ...  We  have  perused  the 
work  with  intense  pleasure  and  large  instruction." — Sittiman's 
American  Journal  of  Science  and  Arts. 

"  Es  ist  unstreitig  eines  der  gediegensten  Werke  die  seit  la'ngerer 
Zeit  iiber  die  Alpen  erschienen  sind.  .  .  .  Zugleich  ist  die  Dar- 
stellung  so  geschmackvoll,  und  die  theoretischen  und  abstrakteren 
Untersuchungen  sind  so  geschickt  verflochten  mit  historischen  und 
beschreibenden  StUcken,  dasz  man  das  Buch  mit  immer  Steigen- 
den  Interesse  zu  Ende  liest." — Leonard's  Jahrbuch. 

"This  elaborate  and  beautifully-illustrated  work." — Quarterly 
Review. 

..."  Pregnant  with  interest." — Edinburgh  Review. 

2.  Norway  and  its  Glaciers  visited  in  1851,  Edin.,  1853, 
r.  8vo. 

Forbes,  James  Grant.  Sketches,  Hist,  and  Topog., 
of  the  Floridas,  N.  York,  1821,  8vo. 

"A  wretched  compilation  from  old  works." — N.  Amer.  Rev.,  xxvi. 
482. 

"Contains  much  valuable  information."— Ib.,  xiii.  98. 

Forbes,  John,  1570P-1634,  originally  a  minister  of 
the  Ch.  of  Scotland,  became  minister  at  Middleburg,  in 
Holland,  about  1611.  1.  A  Treatise  tending  to  clear  the 
Doctrine  of  Justification,  Middle.,  1616,  4to ;  1636.  2.  Cer- 
taine  Records  touching  the  Estate  of  the  Kirk  in  the  Years 
1605  and  1606,  pub.  with  Wm.  Scot's  Apologetical  Narra 
tion  rel.  to  Kirk  of  Scotland,  Edin.,  1846,  8vo. 

Forbes,  John,  of  Corse,  1593-1648,  second  son  of 
Bishop  Patrick  Forbes,  was  educated  at  King's  Coll., 
Aberdeen,  and  in  Germany;  Prof,  of  Divinity  and  Eccles. 
Hist.,  King's  Coll.,  Aberdeen,  1619;  ejected  for  refusing 


FOR 


FOR 


to  sign  the  Covenant,  1640.  He  resided  for  two  years  in 
Holland,  and  is  sometimes  confounded  with  John  Forbes, 
ante.  His  Irenicum  pro  Ecclesia  Scotiana,  Aberd.,  1629, 
4to,  written  to  compose  the  religious  dissensions  of  Scot 
land,  and  the  Institutions  Historico-Theologicae,  Amst, 
1645,  fol.,  have  been  greatly  admired.  A  collective  edit. 
of  his  works  was  pub.  by  Prof.  Gurtler,  of  Deventer,  and 
George  Garden,  of  Aberdeen,  in  1703,  2  vols.  fol.  Opera 
Omnia,  inter  quse  plurima  Posthuma  cum  Vita  Auctoris, 
Amst. 

"The  most  valuable  book  of  the  kind  that  any  student  can  pos 
sibly  make  use  of.  He  will  there  see  a  complete  history  of  all  the 
controversies  that  have  distracted  the  Church  of  Christ,  deduced 
thopugh  every  age,  with  their  minutest  branches  and  subdivisions. 
The  proper  authorities  are  always  set  down,  so  that  nothing  needs 
to  be  taken  on  trust."— WOTTON. 

"  Forbes  was  an  excellent  man,  a  profound  scholar,  and  masterly 
writer."— Dr.  Williams1*  C.  P. 

"Much  learning  and  piety  in  his  works." — Bicker steth's  O.  S. 

Forbes,  John,  of  Delft.     Serm.,  Delft,  1642,  12mo. 

Forbes,  John.  Cure  of  the  Afflicted,  Lon.,  1643, 12mo. 

Forbes,  John.  Songs  and  Fancies  to  several  Musi 
cal  Parts,  with  a  brief  Introduc.  to  Musick,  Aberd.,  1682, 
4to.  2.  Mariner's  Everlasting  Almanack,  1685. 

Forbes,  John.     Epigraininata,  Lon.,  1739,  4to. 

Forbes,  John,  D.D.,  minister  of  St.  Paul's  Church, 
Glasgow.  Theory  of  the  Differential  and  Integral  Calcu 
lus,  Lon.,  1838,  8vo. 

"One  of  those  brilliant  beacons  which  will  long  illuminate  the 
path  of  science." — Scottish  Guardian. 

Forbes,  John,  LL.D.,  of  Donaldson's  Hospital,  Edin 
burgh.  Symmetrical  Structure  of  Scripture,  Edin.,  8vo. 

"Dr.  Forbes  is  a  profound  and  accurate  scholar ;  he  has  brought 
much  learning,  both  oriental  and  occidental,  to  bear  on  this  vo 
lume." — Bibliotheca  Sacra. 

"A  most  valuable  commentary  on  the  passages  adduced,  as  well 
as  the  key  to  the  further  comprehension  of  the  sacred  writings  in 
general."—  Oh.  of  Eng.  Quar.  Rev. 

Forbes,  Sir  John,  M.D.,  D.C.L.,  Physician  to  her 
Majesty's  Household,  editor  of  the  Brit,  and  For.  Med. 
Rev.,  one  of  the  editors  of  the  Cyc.  of  Practical  Medicine, 
(see  DUNGLISON,  ROBLEY,  M.D.,  No.  8,)  <fcc.  1.  Observs. 
on  the  Climate  of  Penzance,  <fcc.,  Lon.,  1828.  2.  A  Manual 
of  Select  Medical  Bibliography,  Lon.,  1835,  r.  8vo.  This 
otherwise  excellent  work  has  one  capital  defect, — the  want 
of  an  Index  Nominum.  We  marvel  at  so  great  an  over 
sight.  3.  Illust.  of  Modern  Mesmerism,  Lon.,  1846,  8vo. 
4.  Treatise  on  Diseases  of  the  Chest,  8vo.  5.  Genl.  Index 
to  the  Brit,  and  For.  Med.  Rev.,  1849,  8vo.  6.  A  Phy 
sician's  Holiday ;  or,  A  Month  in  Switzerland  during  the 
Year  1848;  1849,  p.  8vo;  3d  ed.,  1852. 

"  Those  who  contemplate  a  thorough  or  a  partial  tour  through 
Switzerland  will  find  A  Physician's  Holiday  very  useful."— 
lion.  Spectator. 

7.  Memoranda  made  in  Ireland,  1852 ;  1852.  8.  Sight- 
Seeing  in  Germany,  &c.,  1855,  p.  8vo  ;  1856.  9.  Nature 
and  Art  in  the  Cure  of  Disease,  1857,  cr.  8vo;  2ded.,  1858. 

Forbes,  John,  M.D.  Physiological  Effects  of  Alco 
holic  Drinks,  Bost.  2.  Water-Cure ;  or,  Hydropathy,  Phila. 
3.  Homoeopathy,  Allopathy,  and  Physic,  1846,  12mo. 

Forbes,  John  H.,  and  John  Jardine.  Decisions 
in  Ct.  of  Sess.,  Nov.,  1801-July,  1807,  Edin.,  fol. 

Forbes,  Major  John.  Eleven  Years  in  Ceylon; 
Field  Sports;  Nat.  Hist.;  Antiq.,  Lon.,  1840,  2  vols.  8vo. 

Forbes,  Leslie.     Speech  in  H.  of  Com.,  1817., 

Forbes,  Murray.    Gravel  and  Gout,  Lon.,  1793,  8vo. 

Forbes,  Patrick,  1564-1635,  Lord  of  Corse  and  Ba 
ron  of  O'Neil,  a  native  of  Aberdeenshire,  educated  at  Aber 
deen  and  St.  Andrews,  Chancellor  of  the  Univ.  of  Aberdeen, 
was  made  Bishop  of  Aberdeen  in  1618.  His  Lordship  pub. 
some  serms.,  1635,  4to,  and  two  theolog.  treatises,  1614,  '27, 
but  is  best  known  by  his  Commentarie  upon  the  Revela 
tion  of  St.  John,  Middleb.,  1614,  4to.  A  trans.,  by  his 
son,  John  Forbes,  (see  ante,)  was  pub.  at  Amst.  in  1646, 
4to.^  This  includes  his  two  theolog.  treatises  noticed  above. 
'The  Commentary  is  brief,  but  discovers  some  learning  and  at 
tention  to  the  meaning  of  the  Apocalypse.  The  author  was  one 
of  the  most  respectable  of  the  Scottish  divines  who  embraced  Epis 
copacy."—  Orme's  Bibl.  Bib. 

In  1635,  4to,  was  pub.  Funerals  of  Patrick  Forbes,  of 
Corse,  Bishop  of  Aberdeene,  consisting  of  serms.,  orations, 
epitaphs,  and  other  pieces  on  the  death  of  the  good  Bishop. 
This  was  reprinted  by  Charles  Farquhar  Shand,  Esq.,  Ad 
vocate,  Edin.,  1845,  8vo,  for  the  Spottiswoode  Society. 

"Few  such  literary  monuments  have  been  raised  to  the  memory 
of  distinguished  individuals  as  the  Funerals  of  Bp.  Patrick  Forbes." 

Forbes,  Patrick,  M.D.  Full  View  of  the  Pub. 
Transac.  in  the  Reign  of  Q.  Elizabeth,  Lon.,  1740  '41 
2  vols.  fol. 

Forbes,  Patrick,  D.D.    Principles  of  Interpretation 


of  the  0.  Test.,  trans,  from  the  Institutio  Interpretis  Ve- 
teris  Testament!  of  J.  H.  Pareau,  Edin.,  1835-38,  2  vols. 
L2mo.  This  work  also  forms  vols.  xxi.,  xxiv.,  of  the  Edin. 
Cabinet  Library. 

"  It  is  a  very  useful  compendium  of  the  principles  of  sacred  her- 
meneutics  applied  to  the  Old  Testament.  The  translation  is  faith- 
~ul  and  accurate." — Home's  Bibl.  Bib. 

Forbes,  Robert.  Collec.  of  Scot.  Poems,  with  a  Col- 
[ec.  of  Scot.  Proverbs,  by  Rev.  David  Ferguson,  1777, 12mo. 

Forbes,  William,  1585-1634,  a  native  of  Aberdeen, 
and  educated  in  that  city  and  abroad,  became  Principal  of 
Marischal  Coll.,  Aberdeen,  and  Rector  of  the  Univ.  He 
was  the  first  Bishop  of  Edinburgh,  but  died  in  three  months 
after  his  consecration.  After  his  death  was  pub.  his  Con- 
siderationes  modestae  et  pacificae  Controversarium,  de  Jus- 
tificatione,  Purgatorio,  Invocatione  Sanctorum  et  Christo 
Meditatore,  Eucharistia,  Lon.,  1658,  8vo.  This  was  edited 
by  Dr.  Thomas  Gale.  It  is  in  course  of  republication,  4th 
ed.,  in  the  Lib.  Anglo-Cath.  Theol.,  vol.  L,  1850,  8vo;  vol. 
ii.,  we  presume,  may  be  expected  shortly. 

Forbes,  William,  Prof,  of  Law,  Glasgow.  1.  Bills 
f  Exchange,  Edin.,  1703,  '18,  12mo.  2.  Church  Lands 
and  Tithes,  1705,  12mo.  3.  Remarks  on  James  Gordon's 
Observ.  on  No.  2,  1706,  12mo.  4.  Justices  of  Peace  in 
Scot,  1707,  12mo.  5.  Law  of  Election,  M.  P.,  for  Scot, 
1740,  8vo.  6.  Jour,  of  the  Session,  1714,  12mo.  7.  Insti 
tutes  of  the  Law  of  Scot,  1722-30,  2  vols.  8vo. 

Forbes,  Sir  William,  1739-1806,  a  native  of  Pit- 
sligo,  in  conjunction  with  Sir  James  Hunter  Blair,  founded 
the  first  banking  establishment  in  Edinburgh.  Account 
of  the  Life  and  Writings  of  James  Seattle,  LL.D.,  inclu 
ding  many  of  his  original  Letters,  Edin.,  1806,  2  vols.  4to; 
1807,  3  vols.  8vo;  1824,  2  vols.  8vo.  See  BKATTIE, 
JAMES,  LL.D. 

•  For  what  Sir  William  Forbes  has  written  in  these  volumes,  we 
can  easily  forgive  him ;  but  he  cannot  escape  censure  for  much  of 
what  he  has  published.  .  .  .  Protesting,  as  we  have  always  done, 
against  the  multiplication  of  needless  quartos  and  the  publication 
of  ordinary  epistles,  we  cannot  avoid  saying  that  his  book  is  a 
great  deal  longer,  and  a  great  deal  duller,  than  we  are  bound  to 
tolerate." — LORD  JEFFREY  :  Edin.  Rev.,  x.  172. 

Forby,  Rev.  Robert,  Rector  of  Fincham,  Norfolk, 

1.  Lett,  to  Bp.  of  Norwich  rel.  to  Bible  Society  and  Miss'y 
Society,  1815,  8vo.     2.  Vocabulary  of  Norfolk  and  Suffolk, 
by  Turner,  Lon.,  2  vols.  8vo.     New  ed.,  1840,  2  vols.  p.  8vo. 

Force,  Peter,  President  of  the  National  Institute  at 
Washington,  D.C.  His  library  of  works  relating  to  America 
is  perhaps  the  largest  ever  collected  in  the  U.S.  1.  The 
National  Calendar,  and  Annals  of  the  U.  States  for  1833, 
Washington,  1833, 12mo,  pp.  336 :  continued  for  a  few  years. 

2.  Tracts  and   other  Papers   relating   principally  to   the 
Origin,   Settlement,   and  Progress  of  the  Colonies  in  N. 
America  from  the  Discovery  of  the  Country  to  1776, 1836- 
47,  4  vols.  r.  8vo. 

"With  these  slight  abatements,  [see  article,]  we  regard  the  vo 
lume  before  us  as  a  very  valuable  contribution  to  the  materials  of 
our  early  history,  and  as  highly  creditable  to  the  capacity  and  dili 
gence  of  the  editor.  .  .  .  We  intended,  had  the  limits  of  this  article 
permitted,  to  give  some  account  of  another  work  projected  by  Mr. 
Force,  in  connection  with  Matthew  St.  Clair  Clarke,  under  a  con 
tract  with  the  Government  of  the  United  States,  to  be  entitled 
'The  Documentary  History  of  the  Revolution  ;'  a  work,  the  plan 
of  which  is  gigantic,  and  the  execution  of  which  would  be  a  task 
truly  Herculean.  The  plan  contemplates  the  publishing  of  every 
document  relating  to  the  history  of  the  United  States,  whether 
printed  or  manuscript,  from  the  origin  of  the  colonies  down  to  the 
adoption  of  the  Federal  Constitution.  The  work  will  occupy  at 
least  twenty-five  volumes,  and  the  cost  of  fifteen  hundred  copies  ia 
estimated  at  four  hundred  and  eight  thousand  dollars.  We  hopo 
that  the  work,  in  some  modified  form,  will  go  on ;  although  we 
very  much  fear  that  this  large  historical  drag-net  will  sweep  up 
some  rubbish,  as  well  as  much  valuable  material.  Should  the  first 
volume  ever  appear,  we  shall  take  an  opportunity  to  go  more  at 
large  into  the  subject."— J.  G.  PALFREY  :  N.  Atner.  Rev.,  xliii.  274- 
278. 

3.  American  Archives :  Documentary  History  of  the 
American  Revolution;  4th  Series,  6  vols.,  Washington, 
1837-46 ;  5th  Series,  3  vols.,  1848-53,— in  all,  9  vols.  fol. 
Owing  to  a  misunderstanding  in  regard  to  the  law  author 
izing  the  publication  of  this  most  valuable  work,  it  was 
discontinued  while  Mr.  Marcy  was  Sec.  of  State  of  the 
U.S.  See  CLARKE,  MATTHEW  ST.  CLAIR,  and  N.  Amer. 
Rev.,  xlvi.  475.  4.  Record  of  Auroral  Phenomena  Ob 
served  in  the  Higher  Northern  Latitudes;  Smithsonian 
Contrib.,  Washington,  1856,  4to.  His  contributions  on 
the  subject  of  Arctic  Discovery  were  considered  as  au 
thority  by  Dr.  Kane. 

Ford,  Miss.     1.  Letter.     2.  Music  Glasses,  1761,  '62. 

Ford,  Anthony.     See  FOORD. 

Ford,  David.     Funl.  Serm.,  Lon.,  1794,  8vo. 

Ford,  David  Everard.  1.  Rud.  of  Music,  Lon.  2. 
Orig.  Psalm  and  Hymn  Tunes,  1833.  3.  Chorazin,  1841, 


FOR 


FOR 


18mo.    4.  Damascus,  1842, 18mo.    5.  Decapolis ;  new  ed., 
1843,  18mo. 

"  A  work  which  has  been  read  by  all  classes  of  the  community, 
and  has  been  eminently  blessed  by  God  to  the  revival  of  pure  and 
undefiled  religion  in  various  parts  of  the  country."— ion.  Congreg. 
Mag.,  Aug.  1841. 

6.  Pastoral  Addresses,  1843,  32mo.  7.  Laodicea,  1844, 
18mo.  8.  Alarm  in  Zion,  1848,  18mo.  9.  Congreg.  Psal 
mody,  1849,  ob. 

"  We  congratulate  the  author  on  the  growing  acceptance  of  his 
works;  thousand  following  thousand  in  rapid  succession.  This 
fact  we  regard  as  a  token  for  good.  They  are  fitted,  by  the  blessing 
of  God,  to  confer  lasting  benefits  on  the  church  and  the  world."— 
Lon.  Revivalist,  Oct.  1842. 

Ford,  Sir  Edward,  a  son  of  Sir  John  Ford,  Sussex, 
was  educated  at  Trin.  Coll.,  Oxf.  1.  A  Desigrie  for  bring 
ing  a  River  to  St.  Gyles,  Lon.,  1641,  1720,  4to.  2.  Exper. 
Proposals  how  the  King  may  have  money,  Ac.,  1666,  4to. 
3.  Defence  of  Bill  Credit.  Printed  at  end  of  No.  2.  In  Chal 
mers's  Diet.,  and  also  in  Rose's  Diet,  we  find  this  author 
called  Sir  John  Ford. 

"  He  was  a  great  virtuoso  of  his  time,  yet  none  of  the  Royal 
society,  and  might  have  done  greater  matters,  if  that  he  had  not 
been  discouraged  for  these  things  he  had  done  before." — Athen. 
Oxon.,  q.v. 

Ford,  or  Foord,  Edward.  1.  Wine  and  Women, 
Lon.,  1647, 12mo.  2.  An  Alarm  of  Trumpets,  1651,  12mo. 
3.  Fair  Play  in  the  Lottery  j  or  Mirth  for  Money,  1660, 12mo. 

Ford,  Edward,  surgeon.  Diseases  of  the  Hip  Joint, 
Ac.,  Lon.,  1794,  Svo;  2d  ed.,  by  T.  Copeland,  1810,  8vo. 
Con.  to  Med.  Obs.  and  Inq.,  1778 j  to  Med.  Tracts,  1791,  '94. 

Ford,  George.     Serms.,  1796,  1803. 

Ford,  J.     Orig.  Righteousness,  Ac.,  1675,  Svo. 

Ford,  James,  late  of  Oriel  Coll.,  Preb.  of  Exeter. 
The  Gospel  of  St.  Matthew  illustrated  from  ancient  and 
modern  authors,  Lon.,  1848,  Svo ;  of  St.  Mark,  do.,  1849 ; 
of  St.  Luke,  do.,  1851 ;  of  St.  John,  do.,  1852. 

Notice  of  the  work  on  St.  Matthew : 

"In  examining  this  work  we  have  been  struck  with  its  adapta 
tion  to  the  wants  of  preachers.  The  tone  of  the  Preface  is  excellent, 
and  inspires  confidence  in  the  principles  of  the  writer;  his  selec 
tions  are  very  good." — English  Rev.,  Sept.  1848. 

Notice  of  the  work  on  St.  Mark : 

"The  true  value  of  this  work  is  in  suggesting,  in  fact,  supply 
ing,  Sermon  thoughts." — Lon.  Chris.  Rememb.,  April,  1849. 

Notice  of  the  work  on  St.  Luke : 

"  The  brevity,  depth,  and  variety  of  the  extracts  form  the  most 
peculiar  and  valuable  features  of  the  work,  and  give  it  a  great 
practical  superiority  over  most  other  commentaries,  both  for  the 
Clergy  and  Laity."— English  Churchman,  May  22,  1851. 

Ford,  John,  an  eminent  dramatic  poet,  was  born  at 
Islington,  Devonshire,  in  1586.  Of  the  time  of  his  death 
much  has  been  conjectured,  but  nothing  is  known.  Where 
he  was  educated  does  not  appear,  but  we  know  that  in 
1602  he  became  a  member  of  the  Middle  Temple,  and, 
unlike  most  authors,  and  especially  dramatic  authors, 
persevered  in  his  arduous  profession.  What  particular 
branch  of  the  law  he  pursued  we  are  unable  at  this  late 
day  to  determine.  As  early  as  his  18th  year  he  pub.  a 
poem  entitled  Fame's  Memorial,  a  tribute  to  the  memory 
of  Charles  Blount,  Lord  Mountjoy  and  Earl  of  Devon 
shire.  There  was  little  in  this  effusion  to  indicate  future 
eminence  in  the  walks  of  poetry;  but  the  publication  of  his 
verses  was  sufficient  to  give  him  that  taste  for  authorship 
which  almost  infallibly  follows  upon  seeing  "  one's  name 
in  print :" 

"Fame's  Memorial  is  worth  reading  as  a  warning  to  all  those 
figure-casters  who  prognosticate  the  success  or  failure  of  authors 
from  their  Juvenilia.  Had  any  seer  predicted  that  the  maker  of  all 
that  stuff  was  to  deserve  a  lofty  seat  among  England's  dramatists, 
he  would  have  been  as  heartily  laughed  at  as  he  who  should  have 
foretold  to  Trajan  that  a  Christian  priest  would  one  day  fulmi 
nate  from  the  Seven  Hills  more  dreaded  edicts  than  his  own." — 
HARTLEY  COLERIDGE. 

Some  time  after  this  he  had  the  honour  of  assisting 
Webster  in  A  Late  Murther  of  the  Sonne  upon  the  Mother, 
a  play  which  appears  to  be  lost.  He  also  joined  with 
Decker  in  the  Fairy  Knight  and  The  Bristowe  Merchant, 
neither  of  which  are  extant.  We  also  lack  three  of  Ford's 
plays,  entered  on  the  Stationers'  Books  in  1660,  (see  Nos 
12,  13,  14,)  of  which  An  111  Beginning  has  a  Good  End,  a 
Comedy,  was  played  at  the  Cockpit  in  1613.  The  follow 
ing  is  a  list  of  his  own  plays,  and  those  in  the  composition 
of  which  he  had  a  share  : 

1.  The  Lover's  Melancholy.  T.  C.  Acted  at  the  Black- 
friars  and  the  Globe,  Nov.  24,  1628.  Printed,  1629.  2.  'Tis 
Pity  She's  a  Whore.  T.  Acted  at  the  Phoenix.  Printed 
1633.  3.  The  Witch  of  Edmonton.  T.  By  Rowley,  Decker, 
Ford,  Ac.  Acted  at  the  Cockpit  and  at  Court ;  probably 
soon  after  1622.  Printed,  1658.  4.  The  Sun's  Darling.  M. 
By  Ford  and  Decker.  Acted,  March,  1623-24,  at  the  Cock 
pit  Printed,  1657.  5.  The  Broken  Heart.  T.  Acted  at  the 


Slackfriars.  Printed,  1633.  6.  Love's  Sacrifice.  T.  Acted 
at  the  Phoenix.  Printed,  1633.  7.  Perkin  Warbeck.  H.  T. 
Acted  at  the  Phoenix.  Printed,  1634.  8.  The  Fancies, 
Chaste  and  Noble.  C.  Acted  at  the  Phoenix.  Printed,  1638. 
9.  The  Lady's  Trial.  T.  C.  Acted  at  the  Cockpit,  May, 
1638.  Printed,  1639.  10.  Beauty  in  a  Trance.  T.  Entered 
on  the  Stationers'  Books,  Sept.  9,  1653,  but  not  printed. 
Destroyed  by  Mr.  Warburton's  servant.  11.  The  London 
Merchant.  C.  12.  The  Royal  Combat,  C.  13.  An  111  Be 
ginning  has  a  Good  End.  C.  Played  at  the  Cockpit,  1613» 
Nos.  11,  12,  and  13  were  entered  on  the  Stationers'  Books, 
June  29,  1660,  but  were  never  printed.  Destroyed  by  Mr. 
Warburton's  servant.  14.  The  Fairy  Knight.  Ford  and 
Decker.  Lost.  15.  A  Late  Murther  of  the  Sonne  upon  the 
Mother.  Ford  and  Webster.  Lost.  16.  The  Bristowe  Mer 
chant,  Ford  and  Decker.  Lost. 

A  little  manual,  entitled  A  Line  of  Life,  pointing  at  the 
immortalitie  of  a  vertuous  name,  1620,  12mo,  written  by  a 
John  Ford,  has  been  attributed  to  our  author.  A  collective 
edit,  of  Ford's  Dramatic  Works,  with  an  Introduction  and 
explanatory  Notes  by  H.  Weber,  Esq.,  was  pub.,  Lon.,  1811, 
2  vols.  Svo.  A  notice  of  this  edit.,  and  of  the  characters 
of  Ford,  by  Lord  Jeffrey,  will  be  found  in  the  Edin.  Rev., 
x.  275,  304,  and  another  by  William  Gifford  in  the  Quart. 
Rev.,  vi.  462-487.  Also  see  A  Letter  to  William  Gifford, 
Esq.,  on  a  late  Edition  of  Ford's  Plays,  chiefly  as  relating 
to  Ben  Jonson,  [in  which  it  is  proved  that  Jonson  and 
Ford  were  not  hostile;]  by  Octavius  Gilchrist,  1811,  Svo. 
A  Letter  to  J.  P.  Kemble,  Esq.,  involving  Strictures  on  a 
recent  Edition  of  Ford's  Dramatic  Works,  1811,  Svo,  and 
a  letter  on  the  same  subject  addressed  to  Richard  Heber, 
Esq.,  1812,  8vo.  Mr.  Gifford,  in  the  critique  referred  to 
above,  complains  of  the  meagreness  of  Weber's  biogra 
phical  account  of  his  author,  remarking  that 

"It  would  surely  be  unjust  to  appear  dissatisfied  at  the  imper 
fect  account  of  an  ancient  author  when  all  the  sources  of  informa 
tion  have  been  industriously  explored.  But  in  the  present  case  we 
doubt  whether  Mr.  Weber  can  safely  'lay  this  flattering  unction 
to  his  soul ;'  and  we  shall  therefore  give  such  a  sketch  of  the  poet's 
life,  as  an  attentive  examination  of  his  writings  has  enabled  us  to 
compile." 

Mr.  Gifford  proceeds  to  show  that  Weber  was  as  faulty 
an  editor  as  he  was  a  biographer.  We  need  not,  therefore, 
be  surprised  that  he  determined  himself  to  assume,  those 
duties  which  had  been  so  inadequately  performed  by  an 
other.  His  edition  of  Ford's  Works  appeared  in  1827,  2 
vols.  Svo.  It  is  acknowledged  to  be  far  superior  to  the 
preceding  edition.  In  1847  Mr.  Tegg  pub.  Ford's  Works 
in  the  Dramatic  Series  of  the  Family  Library,  being  Nos. 
4  and  5,  18mo,  of  thai  series.  How  heartily  we  approve 
of  Mr.  Tegg's  expurgated  editions  of  the  dramatic  poets 
may  be  gathered  from  our  remarks  in  the  article  on  Beau 
mont  and  Fletcher,  where  we  refer  to  Mr.  Moxon's  editions 
of  the  same  authors.  In  this  latter  series,  The  Works  of 
Massinger  and  Ford  were  pub.  in  one  volume  in  1848.  In 
the  power  of  graphic  representations  of  the  tragic,  the 
terrible,  and  equally  in  the  melting  and  the  pathetic,  Ford 
has  few  equals.  It  is  greatly  to  be  deplored  that  his  taste 
was  as  bad  as  his  genius  was  splendid,  and  that  his  licen 
tiousness  disgusts  even  whilst  his  imagination  charms. 
The  revolting  subjects  selected  for  his  best  dramas — The 
Broken  Heart,  Love's  Sacrifice,  and  'Tis  Pity  She's  a 
Whore — show  a  determination  to  excite  attention  even  if 
he  failed  to  command  respect,  and  to  surprise  the  mind 
rather  than  improve  the  heart.  For  this  great  error  of 
choice  and  treatment  of  subjects,  he  had  not  even  the  in 
valid  excuse — pleaded  for  some  in  his  day — of  importunate 
creditors  and  straitness  of  bread : 

"When  he  had  outgrown  the  vanities  of  his  youth,  and  esta 
blished  himself  in  business,  he  ostentatiously  disdained  all  view 
to  profit  in  his  writings,  and  appeared  on  the  stage  or  in  print  only 
at  irregular  intervals.  He  had,  and  took  time,  to  write  up  to  his 
own  ideal.  He  disowned  all  courtship  of  the  vulgar  taste;  we 
might  therefore  suppose  that  the  horrible  stories  which  he  has  em 
braced  in  'Tis  Pity  She's  a  Whore,  The  Broken  Heart,  and  Love's 
Sacrifice,  were  his  own  choice  and  his  own  taste.  But  it  would  be 
unfair  from  hence  to  conclude  that  he  delighted  in  the  contem 
plation  of  vice  and  misery,  as  vice  and  misery.  He  delighted  in 
the  sensation  of  intellectual  power;  he  found  himself  strong  in  the 
imagination  of  crime  and  of  agony ;  his  moral  sense  was  gratified 
by  indignation  at  the  dark  possibilities  of  sin,  by  compassion  for 
rare  extremes  of  suffering.  He  abhorred  vice— he  admired  virtue ; 
but  ordinary  vice  or  modern  virtue  were,  to  him,  as  light  wine  to 
a  dram  drinker.  His  genius  was  a  telescope,  ill  adapted  for  neigh 


bouring  objects,  but  powerful  to  bring  within  the  sphere  of  vision 
what  nature  has  wisely  placed  at  an  unsociable  distance.  .  .  .  Un 
questionably  he  displayed  great  power  in  these  horrors,  which  was 
all  he  desired ;  but  had  he  been  '  of  the  first  order'  of  poets,  he 
would  have  found  and  displayed  superior  power  in  familiar  matter 
of  to-day,  in  failings  to  which  all  are  liable,  virtues  which  all  may 
practise,  and  sorrows  for  which  all  may  be  better."— HARTLET 
COLERIDGE  :  Introduction  to  MoxvrCs  Edition  of  fbrd,  1848,  q.  v. 


FOR 


FOR 


This  verdict  is  sufficiently  charitable,  certainly.  In  the 
quotation  "first  order  of  poets,"  Coleridge  doubtless  re 
fers  to  Charles  Lamb's  summing  up  of  Ford's  merits: 

"  Ford  was  of  the  first  order  of  Poets.  He  sought  for  sublimity 
not  by  parcels  in  metaphors  or  visible  images,  but  directly  where 
ghe  has  her  full  residence— in  the  heart  of  man ;  in  the  actions  and 
sufferings  of  the  greatest  minds.  There  is  a  grandeur  of  the  soul 
above  mountains,  seas,  and  the  elements.  Even  in  the  poor  per 
verted  reason  of  Giovanni  and  Annabella  we  discern  traces  of  that 
fiery  particle,  which  in  the  irregular  starting  from  out  of  the  road 
of  beaten  action,  discovers  something  of  a  right  line  even  in  obli 
quity,  and  shews  hints  of  an  improveable  greatness  in  the  lowest 
descents  and  degradations  of  our  nature." — Lamb's  Specimens  of 
Eng.  Dram.  Poets. 

Mr.  Hazlitt,  a  critic  of  higher  authority  than  Lamb,  places 
Ford  in  a  much  lower  rank  than  the  "  first  order  of  poets." 
He  remarks  : 

"  Ford  is  not  so  great  a  favourite  with  me  as  with  some  others, 
from  whose  judgment  I  dissent  with  diffidence.  .  .  .  The  affected 
brevity  and  division  of  some  of  the  lines  into  hemistichs,  Ac. — so 
as  to  make  in  one  case  a  mathematical  staircase  of  the  words  and 
answers  given  to  different  speakers,  is  an  instance  of  frigid  and 
ridiculous  pedantry.  An  artificial  elaborateness  is  the  general 
characteristic  of  Ford's  style.  In  this  respect  his  plays  resemble 
Miss  Baillie's  more  than  any  others  I  am  acquainted  with,  and  are 
quite  distinct  from  the  exuberance  and  unstudied  force  which  cha 
racterized  his  immediate  predecessors.  There  is  too  much  of  scho 
lastic  subtlety,  an  innate  perversity  of  understanding  or  predomi 
nance  of  will,  which  either  seeks  the  irritation  of  inadmissible 
subjects,  or  to  stimulate  its  own  faculties  by  taking  the  most  bar 
ren,  and  making  something  out  of  nothing,  in  a  spirit  of  contra 
diction.  He  does  not  draw  along  with  the  reader :  he  does  not  work 
upon  our  sympathy,  but  on  our  antipathy  or  our  indifference; 
and  there  is  as  little  of  the  social  or  gregarious  principle  in  his  pro 
ductions  as  there  appears  to  have  been  in  his  personal  habits,  if 
we  are  to  believe  Sir  John  Suckling,  who  says  of  him,  in  the  Ses 
sions  of  the  Poets — 

'In  the  dumps  John  Ford  alone  by  himself  sat 
With  folded  arms  and  melancholy  hat.'  " 

Lect.  on  the  Dram.  Lit.  of  the  Age  of  Elizabeth. 

"Reversing  the  observation  of  Dryden  on  Shakspeare,  it  may  be 
said  of  Ford,  that  he  'wrote  laboriously,  not  luckily:'  always  ele 
gant,  often  elevated,  never  sublime,  he  accomplished  by  patient 
and  careful  industry  what  Shakspeare  and  Fletcher  produced  by 
the  spontaneous  exuberance  of  native  genius.  He  seems  to  have 
acquired  early  in  life,  and  to  have  retained  to  the  last,  a  softness 
of  versification  peculiar  to  himself.  Without  the  majestic  march 
of  verse  which  distinguishes  the  poetry  of  Massinger,  and  with 
none  of  that  playful  gaiety  which  characterizes  the  dialogue  of 
Fletcher,  he  is  still  easy  and  harmonious.  There  is,  however,  a 
monotony  in  his  poetry,  which  those  who  have  perused  his  scenes 
long  together  must  have  inevitably  perceived.  His  dialogue  is 
declamatory  and  formal,  and  wants  that  quick  chace  of  replication 
and  rejoinder  so  necessary  to  effect  in  representation." — WILLIAM 
GIFFORD  :  Quar.  Rev.,  vi.  475. 

In  Lord  Jeffrey's  review,  before  referred  to,  on  the  merits 
and  demerits  of  Ford,  he  quotes  abundantly  in  illustration 
of  his  criticisms :  »• 

"We  cannot  afford  any  more  space  for  Mr. Ford;  and  what  we 
have  said,  and  what  we  have  shown  of  him,  will  probably  be 
thought  enough,  both  by  those  who  are  disposed  to  scoff,  and  those 
•who  are  inclined  to  admire.  It  is  but  fair,  however,  to  intimate, 
that  a  thorough  perusal  of  his  works  will  afford  more  exercise  to 
the  former  disposition  than  the  latter.  His  faults  are  glaring  and 
abundant;  but  we  have  not  thought  it  necessary  to  produce  any 
specimens  of  them,  because  they  are  exactly  the  sort  of  faults 
which  every  one  acquainted  with  the  drama  of  that  age  reckons 
upon  finding.  Nobody  doubts  of  the  existence  of  such  faults: 
but  there  are  many  who  doubt  of  the  existence  of  any  counter 
balancing  beauties :  and  therefore  it  seemed  worth  while  to  say  a 
word  or  two  in  their  explanation." — Edin.  Rev.,  xviii.  304. 

We  cannot  persuade  ourselves  to  conclude — for  we  have 
already  lingered  long  enough  on  this  theme — without  quot 
ing  the  judicious  criticism  of  one  of  the  first  of  modern 
authors : 

"  At  a  considerable  distance  below  Massinger  we  may  place  his 
contemporary,  John  Ford.  In  the  choice  of  tragic  subjects  from 
obscure  fictions  which  have  to  us  the  charm  of  entire  novelty,  they 
resemble  each  other;  but  in  the  conduct  of  their  fable,  in  the  de 
lineation  of  their  characters,  each  of  these  poets  has  his  distin- 
§uishing  excellencies.  'I  know,'  says  Gifford,  'few  things  more 
ifficult  to  account  for,  than  the  deep  and  lasting  impression  made 
by  the  more  tragic  portions  of  Ford's  poetry.'  He  succeeds  how 
ever  pretty  well  in  accounting  for  it ;  the  situations  are  awfully  in 
teresting,  the  distress  intense,  the  thoughts  and  language  becom 
ing  the  expression  of  deep  sorrow.  Ford,  with  none  of  the  moral 
beauty  and  elevation  of  Massinger,  has,  in  a  much  higher  degree, 
the  power  over  tears;  we  sympathize  even  with  his  vicious  charac 
ters,  with  Giovanni,  and  Annabella,  and  Bianca.  Love,  and  love 
in  guilt  or  sorrow,  is  almost  exclusively  the  emotion  he  portrays; 
HO  heroic  passion,  no  sober  dignity,  will  be  found  in  his  tragedies 
But  he  conducts  his  story  well  and  without  confusion;  his  Icenes 
are  often  highly  wrought  and  effective;  his  characters,  with  no 
sinking  novelty,  are  well  supported;  be  is  seldom  extravagant  or 
regardless  of  probability.  .  Of  comic  ability  this  writer  does  not 
display  one  particle.  Nothing  can  be  meaner  than  those  portions 
of  his  dramas  which,  in  compliance  with  the  prescribed  rules  of 
that  age,  he  devotes  to  the  dialogues  of  servants  and  buffoons  "— 
HALLAM  :  Introduc.  to  the  Lit.  of  Europe. 

The  critics  of  a  former  age  thought  they  discovered  much 
of  the  manner  of  the  greatest  of  English  poets  in  the  lines 
of  the  author  of  Love's  Sacrifice,  and  The  Broken  Heart 
614 


and  the  latter,  as  we  have  already  seen,  has  often  been 
named  in  rivalship  with  Rare  Ben.     We  subjoin  a  verse  in 
which  the  two  are  introduced  with  no  contemptible  skill : 
"  'Tis  said,  from  Shakspeare's  mine  your  play  you  drew, 
What  need — when  Shakspeare  still  survives  in  you? 
But  grant  it  were  from  his  vast  treasure  reft, 
That  plund'rer  Ben  ne'er  made  so  rich  a  theft." 

THOMAS  MAT. 

Ford,  Sir  John.     See  FORD,  SIR  EDWARD. 

Ford,  John,  Mayor  of  Bath.  Manner  of  celebrating 
his  Majesty's  Coronation  at  Bath,  April  25,  1661,  Lon., 
1 661,  fol.  Reprinted  in  vol.  vii.  of  the  Soniers  Collection. 

Ford,  John.     Serm.,  1735,  8vo. 

Ford,  John,  M.D.     3  Letters  on  Med.  Subjects,  1803. 

Ford,  Ranulph.     Serms.,  Ac.,  1711-20. 

Ford,  Richard,  and  others.     Pet.  to  Parl.,  1654,  fol. 

Ford,  Richard.    Works  on  Inoculation,  1791. 

Ford,  Richard,  1796-1858,  a  native  of  London. 
Handbook  for  Spain,  Lon.,  1845,  2  vols.  p.  8vo;  2d  ed., 
1847,  1  vol. ;  new  ed.,  partially  rewritten,  1855. 

"  Lockhart  nodded  approbation ;  George  Borrow  praised  it  in  hia 
fine  emphatic  language;  Lord  Stanhope  confirmed  the  decisions 
of  Lockhart  and  Borrow;  while  across  the  Atlantic,  men  to  be 
listened  to — Washington  Irving,  Prescott,  and  Ticknor — extended 
its  praises  to  the  farthest  civilized  confines  of  the  New  World." — 
Lon.  Ulust.  News. 

Commended  by  Lon.  Quar.  Rev.,  Ac. 

2.  Gatherings  from  Spain ;  being  extracts  from  No.  1* 
with  addits.,  1846,  2  Pts.,  12mo,  or  1  vol.  p.  8vo. 

"  Although  the  original  design  of  this  work  was  merely  to  pre 
sent  in  a  more  readable  type,  and  in  a  form  suited  to  the  library, 
a  series  of  entertaining  extracts  from  the  Hand-Book  of  Spain,  the 
author  has  nearly  rewritten  the  whole  in  a  more  popular  style,  and 
has  introduced  a  vast  quantity  of  new  matter." — Preface. 

"  Mr.  Ford  has  shown  himself  an  adept  in  the  art  of  literary 
rechauffage.  His  masterly  and  learned  Hand-Book  of  Spain  having 
been  found,  by  some  who  love  to  run  and  read,  too  small  in  type, 
too  grave  in  substance,  he  has  skimmed  its  cream,  thrown  in  many 
well-flavoured  and  agreeable  condiments,  and  presented  the  result 
in  one  compact  and  delightful  volume,  equally  adapted  to  amuse 
by  an  English  fireside  or  to  be  useful  on  the  Spanish  highway." — 
Hack  wood's  Mag. 

"  The  best  English  book,  beyond  comparison,  that  has  ever  ap 
peared  for  the  illustration,  not  merely  of  the  general  topography 
and  local  curiosities,  but  of  the  national  character  and  manners 
of  Spain." — Lon.  fyuar.  Rev. 

Washington  Irving  also  commends  it  as  the  best  modern 
popular  account  of  Spain. 

3.  Tauromachia:  the  Bull  Fights  of  Spain;  26  superb 
drawings  by  Lake  Price,  with  descriptions  by  R.  Ford, 
1852,  imp.  fol.     Pub.  at  £4  4s.     A  splendid  work. 

Ford,  Simon,  1619-1699,  a  divine  and  Latin  poet  of 
great  reputation,  a  native  of  East  Ogwell,  Devonshire,  was 
educated  at  Magdalen  Hall,  Oxf. ;  Vicar  of  St.  Laurence, 
Reading,  1651 ;  of  All-Saints,  Northampton,  1659  ;  and  of 
Old  Swinford,  Worcestershire,  1685.  He  was  one  of  the 
translators  of  Plutarch's  Morals,  pub.  1684,  and  pub.  a 
number  of  serms.,  Latin  poems,  Ac.,  1646-96,  a  list  of 
which  will  be  found  in  Athen.  Oxon. 

Ford,  Stephen.  Evil  Tongue,  1672, 8vo.  Discourse, 
1675,  8vo. 

Ford,  T.     Acct.  rel.  to  Lord  Kilmarnock,  Ac.,  1746. 

Ford,  Thomas.  Musicke  of  Sundrie  Kindes,  Lon., 
1607,  fol. 

Ford,  Thomas.  1.  The  Times  Anatomized  in  severall 
characters,  Lon.,  1647,  12mo.  Sometimes  erroneously  at 
tributed  to  Thomas  Fuller,  the  historian.  2.  Ludus  For- 
tunse,  1649,  12mo.  3.  Panegyric  on  Chas.  I.,  &c.,  1660, 
'61,  8vo.  4.  Foenestra  in  Pectore,  1660,  8vo.  5.  Love's 
Labyrinth,  &c. ;  a  Tragi- Comedy,  1660,  8vo.  6.  A  Theatre 
of  Wits,  1660,  8vo. 

Ford,  Thomas,  LL.D.     Serms.,  1775,  '83. 

Ford,  Thomas,  LL.D.     Serm.,  1811,  8vo. 

Ford,  Thomas,  late  Gov.  of  Illinois.  A  Hist,  of 
Illinois  from  its  commencement  as  a  State  in  1818  to  1847, 
Chicago,  1854,  12mo. 

"  This  is  an  excellent,  common-sense,  honest  history  of  one  of  our 
most  flourishing  States,  by  one  who  took  an  active  part  in  its  poli 
tical  struggles  from  its  first  organization." — Amer.  Index,  Aug.  1855. 

Ford,  W.  A  Catalogue  comprising  the  Historical  and 
Poetical  Classics,  Ac.,  Part  1. 

Ford,  Wm.,  or  Forde.    Funl.  Serm.,  Lon.,  1616, 4to. 

Ford,  Wm.     Serms.,  1733,  '35,  '57,  '58. 

Ford,  Wm.     Serms.,  Ac.,  1762,  '69,  '76,  '81. 

Fordun,  John  De,  an  ancient  Scottish  historian,  a 
priest  in  the  Church  of  Fordun,  1377.  Of  the  particulars 
|  of  his  life  but  little  is  certainly  known.  From  his  work 
much  of  the  early  history  of  Scotland  is  derived. 

Scotichronicon  genuinum,  una  cum  ejusdeui  Supple- 
mento  ac  Continuatione,  Oxonii,  1722,  5  vols.  8vo.  This 
is  Hearne's  edit.  Another  edit,  was  pub.  at  Edin.,  1759, 
I  2  vols.  fol.,  and  1775,  2  vols.  fol.,  viz. :  Scotichronicon, 


FOR 


FOR 


cum  Sup.  et  Continuatione  Walter!  Boweri.  Cura  Walter! 
Goodall.  (See  QOODAL,  WALTER.)  MS.  copies  of  For- 
dun's  history  are  in  many  public  libraries. 

"  He  begins  the  third  [book]  with  the  reign  of  Fergus  the  second, 
and  thence  continues  the  succession  with  better  confidence  than 
he  has  done  in  the  foregoing  reigns,  wherein  he  is  vastly  outdone 
by  Boethius  and  late  historians." — Bishop  Nicolson's  Scot.  Hist. 
Lib.,  q.  v. 

"The  learned  and  judicious  Mr.  Cambden  has  observed,  That 
all  the  /Scots  Historians  who  have  wrote  since  Fordoun's  time,  have 
been  very  much  beholding  to  his  Diligence;  and  yet  there  are  very 
Material  Differences  betwixt  his  Account  of  several  things  and 
theirs;  of  which  I  shall  give  the  reader  a  few  Instances."— Mac 
kenzie's  Writers  of  the  Scots  Nation,  q.  v. 

Fordyce,  David,  1711-1751,  a  native  of  Aberdeen, 
brother  of  James  and  Sir  William,  afterwards  noticed,  en 
tered  Marischal  College,  1724,  and  was  appointed  Prof, 
of  Moral  Philos.  in  that  institution  in  1742.  Returning 
from  an  extensive  continental  tour,  he  was  drowned  on 
the  coast  of  Holland  in  1751.  1.  Dialogues  con.  Educa 
tion,  Edin.,  1745-48,  2  vols.  8vo. 

"A  work  of  very  considerable  merit,  but  somewhat  tinged  with 
the  fopperies  of  the  school  of  Shaftesbury,  although  entirely  free 
from  its  more  injurious  notions." 

2.  Theodorus ;  a  Dialogue  concerning  the  art  of  Preach 
ing,  1752,  12mo ;  3d  ed.,  1755,  12mo. 

"  Some  useful  hints." — BickersteWs  G.  S. 

This  should  be  carefully  studied  by  all  young  divines. 

3.  Elements  of  Moral   Philosophy,  1754,  12mo;  4th  ed., 
1769,  12mo.    Originally  pub.  as  ninth  division  of  Dodsley's 
Preceptor.    4.  The  Temple  of  Virtue;  a  Dream,  1757, 12mo. 
Pub.  from  the  author's  MSS.,  with  some  addits.  by  James 
Fordyce,  D.D.,  1775,  12mo. 

Fordyce,  David.     Letter  Writer,  Lon.,  1790,  12mo. 

Fordyce,  George,  M.D.,  1736-1802,  nephew  of  Da 
vid,  James,  and  Sir  William,  took  his  doctor's  degree  at 
Leyden  in  1758,  settled  in  1759  in  London,  and  became  a 
distinguished  lecturer  and  practitioner.  1.  Elements  of 
Agricult.  and  Vegetation,  Edin.,  1765,  '69,  '71,  Svo;  Lon., 
1796,  Svo. 

"  This  little  work  has  always  been  esteemed  as  a  very  scientific 
treatise." — Donaldson's  Agricult.  Biog. 

2.  Elements  of  the  Practice  of  Physic,  Pts.  1  and  2, 
1767-70,  8vo.  3.  Dissertation  on  Simple  Fever,  1794,  8vo. 

4,  5,  6,  7.  Dissertation  on  Fever,  4  Pts.,  viz. :  1795,  '98,  '99, 
1802,  8vo.     8.  Dissertation  5th,  with  conclusions  to  the 
four  preceding  and  present  Dissertations,  1803,  8vo.  Posth. 
Edited  by  W.  C.  Wells,  M.D.     Fordyce  on   Fevers,  2d 
Amer.  ed.,  Phila.,  1846,  8vo. 

"  The  dissertations  which  compose  the  work  of  Dr.  Fordyce  on 
Fevers  are,  of  all  his  writings,  these  which  in  an  especial  manner 
have  established  his  reputation  for  sound  medical  views." — South 
ern  Jour,  of  Med.  and  Phar. 

9.  Con.  to  Phil.  Trans.,  1776,  '79,  '80,  '85,  '87,  '92,  '94. 
10.  Con.  to  Trans.  Med.  and  Chir.,  1792,  1800. 

"It  must  be  confessed  that,  notwithstanding  his  great  learning, 
which  embraced  many  subjects  noway  allied  to  medicine,  he  sel 
dom  wrote  elegantly,  often  obscurely  and  inaccurately." — Lon. 
Gent.  Mag.,  1802;  Obit.  Notice,  q.  v. 

Fordyce,Henrietta,  "relict  of  James  Fordyce,  D.D." 
Memoir  of,  with  orig.  Letters,  Anecdotes,  and  Pieces  of 
Poetry,  with  a  Sketch  of  the  Life  of  James  Fordyce,  D.D., 
Lon.,  12mo. 

"  The  book  is  a  pleasant  book,  and  could  not  be  more  interesting 
than  it  is,  if  there  was  not  one  word  of  truth  in  it  from  beginning 
to  end.  But  it  is  a  very  entertaining  and  easily-written  biography, 
in  which  none  of  the  sternness  of  fact  has  been  made  to  give  way 
to  the  lighter  graces  of  fiction." — Lon.  Literary  Museum. 

Fordyce,  James,  D.D.,  1720-1796,  a  native  6f  Aber 
deen,  brother  of  David,  James,  and  Sir  William,  also 
noticed  in  this  Dictionary,  was  educated  at  Marischal 
Coll.,  and  became  minister  successively  at  Brechin,  Alloa, 
and  of  a  dissenting  congregation  of  Monkwell  Street,  Lon 
don.  He  pub.  several  serms.,  poems,  <fec.,  1752-91.  1.  Cha 
racter  and  Conduct  of  the  Female  Sex,  1776,  8vo.  2.  Ad 
dresses  to  Young  Men,  Lon.,  1777,  2  vols.  8vo.  His  best- 
known  work  is  the  collection  entitled  Serms.  to  Young 
Women,  1765,  2  vols.  12mo;  9th  ed.,  1778,  2  vols.  sm.  Svo. 

"They  discover  much  genius  and  imagination,  a  correct  taste, 
no  little  knowledge  of  the  world,  and  a  happy  method  of  engaging 
the  attention  and  interesting  the  feelings." — Wilson's  Dissenters. 

Fordyce,  John,  M.D.  1.  Historia  Febris  Miliaris, 
Lon.,  1758,  8vo.  2.  Usefulness  of  Bark  in  Scrofula;  Med. 
Obs.  and  Inq.,  1755. 

Fordyce,  William.  Mem.  con.  Herculaneum.  Trans, 
from  the  Italian,  Lon.,  1750,  8vo ;  1770,  4to. 

Fordyce,  William.  History  and  Antiquities  of  the 
County  of  Durham,  1857,  2  vols.  demy  4to. 

Fordyce,  Sir  William,  1724-1792,  a  brother  of  Da 
vid  and  James,  (see  ante,)  surgeon  R.  A.,  and  subsequently 
Lord  Rector  of  Marischal  Coll.,  Aberdeen,  enjoyed  an  ex 
tensive  professional  practice  in  London,  where  he  died  in 
1792.  1.  Review  of  the  V.  Disease  and  its  Remedies,  Lon., 


1767,  '72, 8vo.  2.  Putrid  and  Inflam.  Fevers,  1773,  '77,  Svo. 
3.  Fragmenta  Chirurgica  et  Medica,  1784,  8vo.  4.  Muri 
atic  Acid  in  Putrid  Fevers;  a  Letter  to  Sir  J.  S.,  1790,  8vo. 
5.  The  importance  of  cultivating  and  curing  Rhubarb  in 
Britain,  1792,  Svo.  At  this  time  imported  rhubarb  cost 
the  nation  £200,000  per  annum.  6.  Sarsaparilla  Root  in 
the  V.  Disease;  Med.  Obs.  and  Inq.,  1755. 

Foreness,  E.     Serms.,  1683,  '84,  4to. 

Forester,  Fanny.     See  JUDSON,  MRS.  EMILY  C. 

Forester,  Thomas.     Serm.,  1741,  4to. 

Forester,  Thomas.  1.  Norway  in  1848,  '49,  with 
Extracts  from  the  Journals  of  Lt.  M.  S.  Biddulph,  Lon., 
1850,  Svo.  New  ed.,  1855,  16mo. 

"  Thanks  for  this  very  pleasant  and  instructive  book,  say  we."— 
Lon.  Church  and  State  Gaz. 

2.  Everard  Tunstal;  a  Tale,  1851,  3  vols.  p.  Svo.  3. 
Norway  and  its  Scenery,  1853,  p.  8vo.  4.  Rambles  in 
Sardinia,  Ac.,  1858,  imp.  Svo. 

Foresti,  E.  Felix,  LL.D.,  Prof,  of  the  Italian  lan 
guage  and  literature  in  Columbia  Coll.,  and  in  the  Univ.  of 
the  City  of  New  York.  Italian  Reader,  N.  York,  12mo. 

Forges.  A  Catalogue  of  part  of  the  Rarities  collected 
by  R.  H.,  Lon.,  Svo. 

Formaii,  Charles.  Letter,  <fcc.  rel.  to  Ostend  Com 
pany,  Lon.,  1725,  '26.  Ancient  Parliaments  of  France, 
1739,  2  vols.  Svo. 

Forman,  Charles.  Queries  and  Observ.  upon  the 
Revol.  in  1688,  and  its  Consequences,  Lon.,  1741,  Svo. 

Forman,  Simon,  M.D.,  1552-1611,  a  noted  astro 
loger,  physician,  and  fortune-teller,  whose  name  excites 
sensations  of  horror  to  all  who  are  familiar  with  the  his 
tories  of  the  infamous  Countess  of  Essex  and  the  unfor 
tunate  Sir  Thomas  Overbury,  studied  for  two  years  at 
Magdalen  ColL,  Oxf.,  and  subsequently  devoted  his  atten 
tion  to  physic  and  the  stars.  He  wrote  some  treatises  on 
Astrology,  <fcc.,  of  which  a  list  will  be  found  in  Athen. 
Oxon.  See  Bliss's  ed.,  ii.  98,  373.  Many  of  his  MSS. 
are  deposited  in  the  Ashmolean  Museum  and  in  the  British 
Museum.  The  following  extract  will  recall  forcibly  Mr. 
James's  graphic  portraits  in  Arabella  Stuart  of  Dr.  For 
man  and  Mrs.  Anne  Turner : 

"He  professed  to  his  wife  that  there  would  be  much  trouble 
about  Sir  Rob.  Carr,  earl  of  Somerset,  and  the  Lady  Frances,  his 
wife,  who  frequently  resorted  to  him,  and  from  whose  company  he 
would  sometimes  lock  himself  in  his  study  one  whole  day.  He 
had  compounded  things  upon  the  desire  of  Mrs.  Anne  Turner,  to 
make  the  said  Sir  Rob.  Carr,  callid  quo  ad  hanc,  and  Robert,  earl 
of  Essex,  frigid  quo  ad  hanc :  that  is,  to  his  wife,  the  Lady  Frances, 
who  had  a  mind  to  be  rid  of  him,  and  be  wedded  to  the  said  Sir 
Robert.  He  had  made  also  certain  pictures  in  wax,  representing 
Sir  Robert  and  the  said  lady,  to  cause  a  love  between  each  other, 
with  other  such  like  things ;  but  Forman  dying  [he  died  suddenly 
in  a  boat  in  the  Thames]  before  he  could  effect  the  matter,  Mrs. 
Turner  found  out  one  Edward  Gresham,  an  astrologer,  to  conclude 
the  matter ;  but  he  also,  if  I  mistake  not,  dropt  away  before  the 
marriage  of  Sir  Robert  and  the  said  lady  was  concluded." — Ubi 
supra. 

Forman,  Sloper.  Trans,  from  the  French  of  M. 
Forney's  Elementary  Principles  of  the  Belles-Lettres,  Lon., 
1766,  12mo. 

Formby,  Henry.  1.  A  Visit  to  the  East,  Lon.,  1843, 
fp.  Svo.  2.  C.  C.  Guide  to  Psalmody,  1847,  fp.  Svo.  3.  The 
Roman  Ritual,  1849, 12mo.  4.  The  Young  Singer's  Book 
of  Songs,  1851,  4to. 

Forrest.     A  brief  Defence  of  Curing  continued  Fevers. 

Forrest,  Alex.  Baptismal  Psalmody,  Lon.,1751, 12mo. 

Forrest,  Lt.-Col.  C.  R.  Pictorial  Account  of  the 
Rivers  Ganges  and  Jumna,  Lon.,  imp.  4to,  with  24  col'd 
views.  Maps,  &c.,  £4  4s.;  large  paper,  £6  6*.  This  beau 
tiful  work  presents  the  most  picturesque  scenes  of  the  val 
leys  of  these  celebrated  rivers.  With  the  descriptions  much 
history  is  interspersed. 

Forrest,  Frederick.  1.  Ways  to  Kill  Care,  by- 
Young  D'Urfey,  Lon.,  1761,  Svo.  2.  A  Rattle  for  Grown 
Children ;  by  Young  D'Urfey,  sm.  Svo,  with  portrait,  by  W. 
Elliot. 

Forrest,  John,  M.D.  Inoculation;  Ann.  of  Med.,  1811. 

Forrest,  Robert.  Reports  Cases  in  Ct.  Exchequer, 
M.  T.  to  T.  T.  41  Geo.  III.,  Lon.,  Pt.  1,  1802,  Svo.  Never 
completed. 

Forrest,  Thomas.  A  Perfite  Looking-Glasse  for 
all  Estates;  from  Isocrates,  Ac.,  Lon.,  1580,  4to. 

Forrest,  Captain  Thomas.  1.  A  Voyage  (1774- 
76)  to  New  Guinea  and  the  Moluccas,  &c.,  Lon.,  1779,  '99, 
4to. 

"  This  work  supplies  what  is  wanting  in  Sonnerat's,  as  it  is  full 
on  the  physical  and  moral  character  of  the  inhabitants,  and  on 
their  language,  mode  of  life,  and  trade."— Stevenson's  Cat.  of  Voy 
ages  and  Travels. 

Sonnerat  treats  of  natural  history,  especially  of  zoology 
and  ornithology. 


FOR 

2.  A  Voyage  from  Calcutta  to  the  Mergui  Archipelago, 

"'This  work  is  justly  of  great  authority  for  its  details  in  mari 
time  geography." — Ubi  supra. 

Forrest,  Win.  1.  A  New  Ballade  of  the  Marigolde. 
Reprinted  in  vol.  x.  Harleian  Miscellany.  2.  Metrical 
Account  rel.  to  divorce  of  Q.  Catharine.  Reprinted  in 
vol.  iv.  Brit.  Bibliographer.  See  an  account  of  Forrest 
and  his  works,  printed  and  MS.,  in  Athen.  Oxon.,  Bliss  s 

Forrest,  Wm.  S.  Hist,  and  Descrip.  Sketches  of  Nor 
folk,  Va.,  Portsmouth,  Ac.,  for  200  Years,  Phila,,  1853,  8vo. 

Forrester,  Alexander,  of  the  Middle  Temple,  was 
a  reporter  of  learning  and  skill,  but  would  not  permit  his 
name  to  be  attached  to  the  Chancery  Cases  temp.  Talbot, 
taken  from  his  notes.  This  collection  was  first  pub.  in 
1741 ;  again  in  1753,  fol.  j  and  in  1792,  8vo,  by  J.  G.  Wil 
liams.  They  are  sometimes  cited  as  Forrester's  Reports. 
A  number  of  cases  in  Hovenden's  Supp.  to  Vesey,  Jr.'s 
Chancery  Cases  were  also  taken  from  Forrester's  MSS. 

Forrester,  Alfred  Henry.  See  CROWQUILL,  ALFRED. 

Forrester,  J.  R.  Chemical  Observ.  and  Exper.  on 
Air  and  Fire,  from  the  German  of  Chas.  Wm.  Scheele ; 
with  Notes  by  R.  Kirwan,  and  a  Letter  from  Dr.  Priestley, 
Lon.,  1780,  8vo. 

Forrester,  James.  The  Marrow  and  Juice  of  200 
Scriptures,  Lon.,  1611,  4to.  » 

Forrester,  Thomas.  The  Hierarchical  Bishops, 
Ac. ;  in  answer  to  Dr.  Scott,  Dr.  Monro,  and  Mr.  Honey- 
man,  1699. 

Forrester,  Wm.     Gent.  Farrier,  1788,  8vo. 

Forry,  S.  1.  The  Climate  of  the  United  States  and 
its  Endemic  Influences,  N.  York,  1842,  8vo. 

"A  volume  of  highly  interesting  facts  condensed  into  the 
smallest  compass." — Lon.  Athenaeum. 

2.  Meteorology,  1843,  fol. 

Forset,  Edward.  Bodies  Natural  and  Politique,  1606. 

Forss,  Charles.  Practical  Remarks  upon  the  Educa 
tion  of  the  Working  Classes. 

Forster,  A.  V.     Fatal  Ambition ;  a  Rom.,  1811. 

Forster,  Charles,  Rector  of  Stifsted.  1.  Discourses 
on  Scrip.  Hist.  &c.,  Lon.,  1823,  8vo.  2.  Critical  Essays 
on  Genesis,  Chap,  xx.,  and  on  Saint  Matthew,  Chap.  ii. 
17,  18 ;  with  Notes,  1827,  8vo. 

"The  professed  aim  of  Mr.  Forster  in  the  publication  of  these 
essays,  is  to  lower  the  modern  continental  system  of  biblical  inter 
pretation." — Uoi  supra,  q.  v. 

3.  Mahometanism  Unveiled,  1829,  2  vols.  8vo. 

"  Objectional  statements  in  this  work.  See  Christian  Observer 
and  Burder*s  Rise  and  Progress  and  Termination  of  Mahommedan 
ism,  1830,  8vo."—Bickersteth's  C.  S. 

Also  see  a  review  in  Brit.  Critic,  vii.  1.  4.  Life  of  Bishop 
Jebb ;  new  ed.,  1837,  8vo. 

"  The  whole  of  the  biography  is  written  in  a  spirit  of  good  feeling 
and  good  taste,  which  do  the  highest  honour  to  Mr.  Forster."— 
Brit.  Mag. 

5.  The  Apostolical  Authority  of  the  Epistle  to  the  He 
brews,  1838,  8vo. 

"The  irresistible  conclusion  from  the  whole  of  the  author's  ela 
borate  researches  is,  that  that  Epistle  is  the  genuine  production  o 
the  great  apostle  of  the  Hebrews."— Home's  Bibl.  Bib.,  q.  v.,  et  Brit 
Grit.,  xxvi.  167. 

6.  The  Hist.  Geography  of  Arabia;  or,  the  Patriarcha 
Evidences  of  Revealed  Religion,  1844,  2  vols.  8vo.     Th< 
Appendix  contains  translations  of  the  celebrated  Hamya 
ritic    Inscriptions,   recently    discovered    in    Hadramaut 
7.  The  One  Primeval  Language,  Pts.  1,  2,  and  3,  1851-52- 
54,  8vo.     8.  Six  Preacher  Serms.,  1853,  8vo. 

Forster,  Rev.  Edward.  1.  The  Arabian  Nights 
Entertainment,  trans.,  with  engravings  from  pictures  by 
Smirke,  Lon.,  1802,  5  vols.  8vo.  Some  copies  on  large 

Saper,  4to.  Late  eds.,  1839,  r.  8vo;  1847,  r.  8vo;  1853 
emy  8vo.  This  has  been  commended  as  a  very  elegan 
translation.  There  are  also  versions  by  Beaumont,  Lane 
Macnaghten,  Scott,  and  Torrens.  Respecting  new  transla 
tions,  see  Westminster  Rev.,  xxxi.  265,  xxxiii.  201,  am 
Lon.  Monthly  Rev.,  cix.  362.  Also  see  notices  of  th( 
Arabian  flights  in  Lon.  For.  Quar.  Rev.,  xiv.  350,  xxiv 
1?9jA1Lon<  T'lec'  Rev-'  4t&  s->  viii.  641 ;  Amer.  Whig  Rev. 
vi.  601 ;  and  especially  the  introduction  to  Forster's  trans, 
ed.  1839,  by  G.  Moir  Bussey.  The  Rev.  Richard  Hole' 
Remarks  on  the  Arabian  Nights'  Entertainments,  Lon. 
1797,  8vo,  throw  much  light  on  the  subject.  This  worl 
was  first  introduced  to  European  readers  in  1704  throuel 
the  French  trans,  of  M.  Antony  Galland,  Prof  of  Arabi 
in  the  Roy.  Coll.,  Paris.  Mr.  Forster  trans,  this  into  Eng 
lish,  correcting  M.  Galland's  inaccuracies.  Mr.  Lane' 
trans,  is  immediately  from  the  Arabic.  This  is  a  pleasan 
theme,  and  we  leavo  it  with  regret.  We  should  be  gla 
616 


FOR 

o  quote  the  testimonies  of  Lady  Montague,  Colonel  Cap 
er,  Dallaway,  Lane,  and  others,  to  the  value  of  this  work, 
s  a  faithful  portraiture  of  the  land  where  they  "  talk  in 
owers." 

"  The  Arabian  Nights  have  lost  none  of  their  charms  for  me.  All 
he  learned  and  wiseacres  of  England  cried  out  against  this  won- 
erful  work,  upon  its  first  appearance ;  Gray  among  the  rest.  Yet 
doubt  whether  anv  man,  except  Shakspeare,  has  afforded  so 
nuch  delight,  if  we  open  our  hearts  to  receive  it.  The  author  of 
he  Arabian  Nights  was  the  greatest  benefactor  the  East  ever  had. 
lot  excepting  Mahomet.  How  many  hours  of  pure  happiness  has 
le bestowed  on  six-and-twenty  millions  of  hearers!  All  the  springs 
f  the  Desert  have  less  refreshed  the  Arabs  than  those  delightful 
ales,  and  they  cast  their  gems  and  genii  over  our  benighted  and 
oggy  regions." — LEIGH  HUNT. 

2.  Anacreontis  Odse,  Ac.,  1802,  8vo.  3.  The  Brit.  Gal- 
ery  of  Engravings,  with  descriptions.  12  Nos.  complete  ; 
j2  Plates,  £2  2s.  each ;  large  paper,  £3  13s.  6d.  each. 
North  sale,  with  proofs  and  etchings  on  India  Paper, 
£40  19s. 

Forster,  Edward.     See  FOSTER. 

Forster,  Edward,  Jr.  Catalogue  Avium  in  Insulis 
3ritannicis  habitantium,  Lon.,  1817,  8vo. 

Forster,  George,  d.  1792,  an  employee  in  the  Civil 
Service  of  the  E.  India  Company.  1.  Sketches  of  the  My- 
hology  and  Customs  of  the  Hindoos,  Lon.,  1785,  8vo.  2.  A 
Journey  from  Bengal  to  England,  1798,  2  vols.  4to;  1808, 
2  vols.  8vo.  This  traveller  is  not  to  be  confounded  with 
jreorge  Forster,  the  companion  of  Captain  Cook,  who, 
jeing  a  foreigner,  (George  was  a  native  of  Dantzic,  and 
lis  father,  J.  R.  Forster,  a  native  of  Dirschau,)  can  claim 
no  place  in  our  Dictionary. 

Forster,H.P.  1.  A  Bengalee  and  English  Vocabulary, 
n  two  Pts.,  Calcutta,  1799-1802,  2  vols.  4to.  2.  Essay  on 
ihe  Principles  of  Sanskrit  Grammar,  Pt.  1,  1801,  r.  4to. 

Forster,  John.  England's  happiness  increased  by  a 
Plantation  of  Potatoes,  Lon.,  1664,  4to. 

Forster,  John,  of  Beercrocombe.     Serm.,  1746,  4to. 

Forster,  John,  of  Elton.     Serms.,  1755,  '57,  '64. 

Forster,  John.  Observ.  on  our  Saviour's  Discourse 
with  the  Pharisee  Lawyer;  anon.,  Lon.,  s.  a.,  12ino. 

Forster,  John,  Her  Majesty's  Chaplain  of  the  Savoy. 
1.  The  Churchman's  Guide;  a  Copious  Index  of  Serms. 
and  other  Works,  by  eminent  Church  of  Eng.  Divines, 
digested  and  arranged,  according  to  their  subjects,  and 
brought  down  to  the  present  day,  Lon.,  1840,  8vo. 

"  I  would  have  young  clergymen  make  very  great  use  of  the 
works  of  able  Divines ;  not  inconsiderately  and  servilely  transcribe 
them, — but  modify,  digest,  contract,  amplify,  vary,  adapt  them  to 
the  purpose, — improve,  if  possible,  what  they  may  find  in  them  : 
for  then  it  will  fairly  become  their  own,  and  mix  naturally  with 
what  proceeds  altogether  from  themselves." — SECKER. 

2.  The  Gospel  Narrative,  3d  ed.,  1847,  r.  8vo. 

"  I  think  the  work  will  be  very  acceptable  to  serious  readers,  by 
pointing  out  the  solution  of  doubts  and  objections,  and  setting 
the  language  and  actions  of  our  blessed  Lord  in  their  true  light." 
— Ttie  Late  ArcMrishop  of  Canterbury. 

"I  think  it  likely  to  be  extensively  and  profitably  used." — 
Archbishop  of  York. 

"I  know  no  Harmony  which  may  be  consulted  with  so  much 
advantage." — Bishop  of  Winchester. 

Also  commended  by  the  present  Archbp.  of  Canterbury, 
the  Archbp.  of  Armagh,  and  the  Bps.  of  Exeter,  Lichfield, 
Lincoln,  Winton,  Llandaff,  and  Worcester. 

Forster,  John,  of  the  Inner  Temple,  b.  1812,  at  New 
castle,  England,  occupies  an  eminent  position  as  a  jour 
nalist  and  author.  He  has  for  twenty-four  years  written 
for  the  London  Examiner,  for  the  last  twelve  of  which  he 
has  had  the  sole  charge  of  the  editorial  department.  (See 
FONBLANQUE,  ALBANY.)  He  has  contributed  to  the 
Edinburgh  Review,  the  Foreign  Quarterly  Review,  (of 
which  he  was  for  four  years  the  editor.)  and  other  publica 
tions.  After  Charles  Dickens  left  the  Daily  News,  Mr. 
Forster  acted  as  editor  for  a  short  season.  Mr.  F.  is  best 
known  to  the  public  by  his  two  popular  works  entitled, 
1.  The  Statesmen  of  the  Commonwealth  of  England,  Lon., 
1840,  7  vols.  fp.  8vo.  New  ed.,  1854,  2  vols.  demy  8vo. 
Also  pub.  in  Dr.  Lardner's  Cabinet  Cyclopaedia,  vols.  ii.,  Hi., 
iv.,  v.,  and  vi.  Amer.  ed.,  N.  York,  1847,  8vo,  edited  by 
Rev.  J.  0.  Choules. 

"  This  chain  of  biographies  may  be  considered  as  constituting  a 
complete  narrative  of  the  most  extraordinary  and  eventful  period 
in  the  history  of  England.  We  regard  them  as  additions  of  the 
very  highest  value  to  what  we  may  term  our  political  literature." 
— Lon.  Morn.  Cfiron. 

2.  The  Life  and  Adventures  of  Oliver  Goldsmith,  1848, 
8vo.  New  ed.,— The  Life  and  Times  of  Oliver  Gold 
smith,— 1854,  2  yols.  8vo.  Abridged  ed.,  1855,  cr.  8vo. 
It  is  well  known  that  the  publication  of  this  work 
was  the  occasion  of  a  controversy  with  Mr.  Prior  rela 
tive  to  the  use  made  by  Mr.  Forster  of  his  materials. 
See  Lon.  Athenaeum,  June  16  and  17,  1848.  Without 


FOR 

entering  into  any  detailed  discussion  of  the  matter,  for 
which  we  have  neither  space  nor  inclination,  we  may  be 
excused  for  the  expression  of  the  opinion  that  Mr.  Prior 
greatly  magnified  his  grievances,  if  indeed  any  existed, 
of  which  we  are  by  no  means  persuaded.  Perhaps  Mr. 
Forster  should  have  been  rather  more  liberal  in  acknow 
ledgments;  but  Mr.  Prior's  claim  to  a  permanent  mono 
poly  of  facts,  by  whomsoever  discovered,  which  have  be 
come  items  of  current  knowledge,  is  surely  untenable. 
Mr.  Forster's  biography  has  been  greatly  and  deservedly 
admired :  we  have  space  for  a  few  lines  only  of  quotations, 
and  must  refer  the  inquisitive  reader  to  the  Dublin  Univ. 
Mag.,  Sharpens  Mag.,  and  the  N.  Amer.  Rev.  Our  quota 
tions  shall  be  of  passages  in  which  the  three  prominent 
biographers  of  Goldsmith— Prior,  Forster,  and  Irving- 
are  all  introduced. 

"  Mr.  Forster's  spirited  and  eloquent  sketch,  though  deformed  by 
certain  mannerisms,  or  rather  Carlylisms,  which  we  would  rather 
have  seen  avoided,  is,  unquestionably,  a  valuable  addition  to  our 
standard  literary  biography ;  whilst  to  the  '  voluminous  and  in 
defatigable'  Mr.  Prior  belongs  the  undisputed  honour  of  having 
collected  and  preserved,  from  tradition  and  other  sources,  nearly 
all  the  particulars  of  Goldsmith's  life,  which  could  by  possibility 
be  discovered.  We  do  not  wish  to  disparage  the  patient  research 
and  enthusiastic  labours  of  Mr.  Prior,  when  we  speak  of  Mr.  Fors 
ter's  work  as  readable,  valuable,  and  entertaining ;  for  the  diligent 
compiler  and  the  skilful  adapter  are  in  our  opinion  equally  en 
titled  to  their  meed  of  approbation.  Nor  will  we  quarrel  with  the 
work  of  Washington  Irving,  because  it  contains  no  startling  fact 
that  is  not  to  be  found  in  the  two  preceding  biographies."— 
F.  LAWRENCE  :  Sharpens  Lon.  Mag. 

"Mr.  Prior  was  a  laborious  collector  of  facts,  who,  by  dint  of  pa 
tient  research,  and  nothing  else,  made  a  book  as  little  attractive 
as  a  Life  of  Goldsmith  could  be.  Mr.  Forster  drew  from  the  distaff 
thus  carefully  stored  with  raw  material  a  smooth  thread,  around 
which  he  allowed  all  the  characteristic  circumstances  and  associa 
tions  of  the  time  to  crystallize,  forming  a  mass  at  once  solid  and 
transparent,  but  not  without,  now  and  then,  a  little  superfluous 
glitter.  Mr.  Irving,  selecting  at  will  from  the  whole,  has,  with  his 
usual  taste,  presented  us  with  '  gems  in  order,  fitly  set,'  from  whose 
shifting  and  delicate  hues  flashes  forth  a  portrait,  possessing  the 
accuracy  without  the  hardness  of  the  daguerreotype,  though  not, 
like  that,  made  of  sunshine."— N.  Amer.  Sev.,  Ixx.  266. 

Any  writer  might  well  feel  proud  of  the  commendation 
of  Washington  Irving,  and  we  therefore,  in  justice  to  Mr. 
Forster,  quote  a  graceful  compliment  paid  to  the  latter  in 
the  Preface  to  Irving's  Life  of  Goldsmith.  Mr.  Irving's 
original  biographical  sketch  was  published  some  years  be 
fore  the  appearance  of  Forster's  biography.  This  sketch 
the  author  was  induced  to  enlarge  that  it  might  take  its 
proper  place  in  the  revised  series  of  his  works,  issued  by 
Messrs.  George  P.  Putnam  &  Co.  of  New  York.  The  re 
ference  to  Mr.  Forster's  biography  alluded  to  is  as  follows : 

"  When  I  was  about  of  late  to  revise  my  biographical  sketch, 
preparatory  to  publication,  a  volume  was  put  into  my  hands,  re 
cently  given  to  the  public  by  Mr.  John  Forster,  of  the  Inner  Tem 
ple,  who,  likewise  availing  himself  of  the  labours  of  the  indefati 
gable  Prior,  and  of  a  few  new  lights  since  evolved,  has  produced  a 
biography  of  the  poet,  executed  with  a  spirit,  a  feeling,  a  grace, 
and  an  elegance,  that  leave  nothing  to  be  desired.  Indeed  it  would 
have  been  presumption  in  me  to  undertake  the  subject  after  it  had 
been  thus  felicitously  treated,  did  I  not  stand  committed  by  my 
previous  sketch." 

Mr.  Forster  has  increased  the  obligations  of  the  public 
by  the  publication  of  his  Lives  of  Daniel  De  Foe  and 
Charles  Churchill.  Reprinted,  with  Additions,  from  the 
Edin.  Rev.,  and  forming  Pts.  76  and  77,  or  vol.  xxxviii., 
of  Longman  &  Co.'s  Travellers'  Library.  In  these  bio 
graphies  Mr.  Forster  has  pursued  the  same  plan  which 
renders  his  Life  of  Goldsmith  so  valuable  a  picture  of  the 
men  and  manners  of  the  day :  he  surrounds  us  with  the 
shades  of  the  departed  great,  the  contemporaries  of  De 
Foe  and  Churchill,  whose  influence  pervaded  all  the  rami 
fications  of  political  and  social  life.  Mr.  Forster  pub.  in 
1858  Historical  and  Biographical  Essays,  2  vols. ;  com 
posed  of  articles  originally  contributed  to  quarterly  reviews, 
and  of  new  matter.  Commended  in  Lon.  Athen.,  1858,  620. 

Forster,  Joseph.  The  Origin  of  Evil,  the  Founda 
tion  of  Morality,and  the  Immateriality  of  the  Soul,1734,8vo. 

Forster,  Nathaniel,  1717-1757,  a  divine  of  great 
learning,  was  a  native  of  Stadscombe,  Devonshire,  and 
educated  at  Eton,  and  Corpus  Christi  Coll.,  Oxf.,  of  which 
he  became  Fellow,  1729;  Rector  of  Hethe,  Oxfordshire, 
1749;  Preb.  of  Bristol  and  Vicar  of  Rochdale,  1754; 
Preacher  at  the  Rolls,  1757.  1.  Antiq.  of  Govt,  Arts,  and 
Sciences,  in  Egypt,  Oxf.,  1743,  8vo.  2.  Platonis  Dialogi 
quinque,  1745,  '52,  '65.  First  ed.  the  best*  3.  Account 
supposed  to  have  been  given  of  Jesus  Christ  by  Josephus, 
Oxf.,  1749,  8vo.  Highly  commended  by  Warburton  and 
Bryant.  4.  Biblia  Hebraica,  sine  punctis,  Oxon.,  1750,  2 
vols.  4to.  5.  Remarks  on  Stibbing's  Diss.  on  Marriage  of 
Minors,  1755.  6.  Serms.,  1746-67. 

"I  have  often  wished  for  a  hand  capable  of  collecting  all  the 


FOR 

fragments  remaining  of  Porphyry,  Celsus,  Hierocles,  and  Julian, 
and  giving  them  to  us  with  a  just,  critical,  and  theological  com 
ment,  as  a  Defy  to  Infidelity.  .  .  .  This  would  be  a  very  noble 
work.  I  know  of  none  that  has  all  the  talents  fit  for  it  but  your 
self.  .  .  .  Think  of  it :  you  cannot  do  a  more  useful  thing  to  reli 
gion  or  your  own  character." — Bishop  Warburtorfs  Letter  to  Dr. 
Forster. 

Would  that  the  hint  had  been  carried  out !  The  work 
would  have  been  curious  and  interesting;  though,  as  re 
gards  Evidences  of  Christianity,  he  who  can  withstand  the 
evidences  within,  around,  and  before  him,  written  and  un 
written,  is  surely  beyond  all  human  suasion. 

Forster,  Nathaniel,  Rector  of  All-Saints,  Colchester. 
1.  Serms.,  1767,  '70.  2.  An  Inquiry  into  the  Causes  of  the 
Present  High  Price  of  Provisions,  in  two  Parts,  Lon., 
1767,  8vo. 

"This  is  perhaps  the  ablest  of  the  many  treatises  published 
about  this  period,  on  the  rise  of  prices.  It  contains,  indeed,  not 
a  few  principles  and  conclusions  that  are  quite  untenable.  But 
the  comprehensiveness  of  the  author's  views,  and  the  liberal  and 
philosophical  spirit  by  which  the  work  is  pervaded,  make  it  both 
valuable  and  interesting.  ...  It  affords  ample  evidence  of  the 
author's  talent  and  zeal  for  the  public  good."—McCuttoch's  Lit.  of 
Polit.  Econ. 

3.  An  Answer  to  Sir  John  Dalrymple's  Pamphlet  on  the 
Exportation  of  Wool,  Colches.,  1782,  8vo. 

Forster,  Nicholas,  Bishop  of  Killaloe.    1.  Serm.  on 

1.  Cor.  i.  10,  Dubl.,  1716, 4to.    2.  On  Tim.  ii.  1,  2, 1716,  8vo. 
Forster,  R.  B.     Travels  through  Louisiana,  trans. 

from  M.  Bossu,  1771-72,  2  vols.  8vo. 

"  Chiefly  interesting  from  the  minute  details  into  which  it  enters 
respecting  the  Illinois  territory.  Mr.  Forster's  translation  contains 
a  catalogue  of  American  plants." — Stevenson's  Voyages  and  Travels. 

M.  Bossu  pub.  a  few  years  afterwards  Nouveaux  Voyages 
dans  1'Amerique  Septentrionale. 

Forster,  R.  W.  E.  The  Copyhold  and  Customary 
Tenure,  <fec.  Acts,  4  and  5  Viet.,  and  6  and  7  Vicfc,  Lon., 
1843,  12mo. 

Forster,  Richard,  M.D.  Ephemerides  Meteorologies 
ad  ann.  1575,  <fcc.,  Lon.,  1575,  8vo. 

Forster,  Richard.     Serm.,  1684,  4to. 

Forster,  Rev.  Richard.  Bills  of  Mortality  of  Great 
Shefford,  and  other  con.  to  Phil.  Trans.,  1757,  '59,  '62. 

Forster,  Samuel.    See  FOSTER. 

Forster,  Samuel.  Digest  of  Laws  rel.  to  Customs 
and  Navigation,  <fcc.,  Savoy,  Lon.,  1727,  8vo.  The  intro 
duction  contains  a  valuable  Dissertation  on  the  Nature, 
Extent,  and  Method  of  Collection  of  the  Ancient  Revenue 
of  the  Crown. 

Forster,  Thomas.  The  Layman's  Lawyer,  1656,  '58. 

Forster,  Thomas.     Serms.,  1672,  1715,  '18. 

Forster,  Thomas.  A  New  Island,  lately-raised  out 
of  the  sea  near  Tercera;  Phil.  Trans.,  1722. 

Forster,  Thomas.     Serms.  and  Letters,  1759,  '64. 

Forster,  Thomas.  Tracts  ag.  Quakers,  &c.,  1810,  '13. 

Forster,  Thomas.  1.  Nat.  Hist,  of  the  Swallow, 
6th  ed.,  Lon.,  1817,  8vo.  2.  Atmospheric  Phenomena,  1813, 
'15,  '23,  8vo.  3.  Poems  of  Catullus,  12mo.  4.  Perpetual 
Calendar  Illustrating  the  events  of  every  Day  in  the  Year, 
as  connected  with  Hist.,  Chronol.,  Botany,  Nat.  Hist,  As- 
tron.,  Customs,  Antiq.,  &c.,  8vo. 

"  Much  credit  is  due  to  the  author  for  the  mass  of  useful  infor 
mation  he  has  compiled,  and  for  the  judicious  manner  in  which  he 
has  contrived  to  relieve  the  dryness  of  scientific  detail  by  the  in 
troduction  of  amusing  anecdotes  and  occasional  remarks." — Lon. 
Eclectic  Review. 

Other  works. 

Forster,  Thomas  Furley.  1.  Flora  Tonbridgensis, 
1801, 12mo;  1816,  cr.Svo.  2.  Viola.  3.  Caltha;  in  Trans. 
Linn.  Soc.,  1802,  '07. 

Forster,  Thompson.    1.  Con.  Med.  Facts,  1794,  '95. 

2.  Con.  to  Med.  Chir.  Trans.,  1814. 

Forster,  Westgarth.  Treat,  on  a  Sec.  of  the  Strata 
from  Newcastle-upon-Tyne  to  Cross  Fells,  2d  ed.,  1821,  8vo. 

Forster,  Wm.     Oughtred's  Circles,  1632,  '60. 

Forster, Wm.  Causes  and  Cures  of  Diseases,  1745, 8vo. 

Forster,  Wm.     Serm.,  Lon.,  1755,  4to. 

Forster,  Wm.,  Minister  of  the  Congreg.  Ch.,  Kentish 
Town.  Discourses,  Ac.,  Lon.,  1850-52. 

Forsyth,  Alex.  Culture  of  the  Potato,  Lon.,  1848,  8vo. 

"The  subjects  are  most  judiciously  handled."— Donaldson's 
Agricult.  Biog. 

Forsyth,  C.    Laws  of  Trusts  in  Scot.,  Edin.,  1844, 8vo. 

Forsyth,  J.  S.  The  Antiquary's  Portfolio,  Lon.,  1825, 
2  vols.  p.  8vo. 

Forsyth,  J.  S.  A  Synopsis  of  Medical  Jurisprudence, 
Anatomically,  Physiologically,  and  Forensiciilly  illustrated 
for  the  Faculty  of  Medicine,  Coroners,  Magistrates,  Law 
yers,  and  Jurymen,  Lon.,  1829,  12mo.  This  is  indeed  a 
subject  of  great  importance.  See  BECK,  J.  R.  and  JOHN 
B.;  DEAN,  AMOS;  DUNGLISON,  ROBLEY;  FARR,  SAMUEL; 

617 


FOR 

FONBLANQTJE,  JOHN  S.  M.  ;    KAY,  ISAAC  J    TRAILX,  THOMAS 

STEWART;  STILLE,  MORETON;  WHARTON,  FRANCIS,  Ac. 
Forsyth,  James.     Serm.,  Lon.,  1615,  4to. 
Forsyth,  John  Hamilton.    Mem.  of,  with  a  Selec 
tion  of  his  Serms.,  by  the  Rev.  Edward  Wilson,  Lon.,  1849, 
8vo;  2d  ed.,  1850,  8vo;  3d  ed.,  1851,  8vo. 

Forsyth,  Joseph,  1763-1815,  a  native  of  Elgin,  in  the 
county  of  Moray,  conductor  of  a  classical  school  at  New- 
ington-Butts,  near  London,  travelled  upon  the  Continent, 
and  was  imprisoned  for  several  years  whilst  Great  Britain 
was  at  war  with  France.  Remarks  on  Antiquities,  Arts, 
and  Letters,  during  an  Excursion  in  Italy,  1802-03,  Lon., 
1813,  8vo;  4th  ed.,  corrected  and  completed  to  1835,  8vo. 
"  The  best  book  that  has  yet  appeared  on  Italy,  whether  we  con 
sider  the  depth  and  originality  of  the  remarks,  or  the  terseness  and 
nervousness  of  the  language.  Matthews  justly  describes  it  as  'a 
mine  of  original  remarks,  expressed  in  the  most  forcible  language.' " 
"An  admirable  work,  giving,  in  a  short  compass,  much  informa 
tion,  and  indicating  strong  powers  of  mind  and  a  correct  taste." — 
Stevenson's  Voyages  and  Travels. 

"  There  are  countries  of  the  globe  which  possess  a  permanent 
and  peculiar  interest  in  human  estimation.  They  are  those  where 
the  most  momentous  historical  events  occurred  and  civilization 
first  dawned.  Foremost  among  them  stands  Italy.  Thus,  so  ac 
curate  a  work  as  the  one  mentioned  will  be  perused  with  great 
interest  and  pleasure." — N.  Amer.  Rev. 

"An  accomplished  traveller,  of  extraordinary  capacity,  extensive 
erudition,  and  refined  taste."— LORD  BYRON. 

Forsyth,  Robert.  1.  Principles  and  Prac.  of  Agri- 
cult.  Explained,  Edin.,  1804,  2  vols.  8vo.  Originally  pub. 
in  Encyc.  Brit.,  4th  ed. 

"The  writer  displays,  throughout,  much  sound  sense,  and  a 
sober  discretion,  as  in  every  work  that  was  done  by  the  author." 
— Donaldson's  Agricult.  Biog. 

2.  Beauties  of  Scotland,  1805,  5  vols.  8vo.  3.  The  Prin 
ciples  of  Moral  Science,  1805,  vol.  i.,  8vo. 

"  It  cannot  be  denied,  we  think,  that  it  indicates  very  consider 
able  talents,  and  treats  of  a  most  important  subject  with  some 
spirit  and  ingenuity." — LORD  JEFFREY:  Edin.  Rev.,  vii.  413,  q.  v. 

Forsyth,  Win.,  1737-1804,  a  native  of  Old  Meldrum, 
county  of  Aberdeen,  Sup't  of  the  Chelsea  Gardens  until 
1784,  when  he  became  Sup't  of  the  Royal  Gardens  at  Ken 
sington  and  St.  James.  1.  Diseases,  &c.  of  Fruit  and  Fo 
rest  Trees,  Lon.,  1791,  8vo.  2.  Culture  and  Management 
of  Fruit  Trees,  1802,  4to;  1824,  8vo.  Trans,  into  French 
by  Pictet-Mallet. 

Forsyth,  Wm.,  Jr.,  son  of  the  preceding,  and  his  suc 
cessor  at  Chelsea  Gardens.  A  Botanical  Nomenclator,  Lon., 
1794,  8vo.  Highly  esteemed  in  its  day. 

Forsyth,  Wm.,  Barrister-at-Law,  late  Fellow  of  Trin. 
Coll.,  Camb.  1.  Abridgt.  of  the  Stat.  rel.  to  Scot.,  1789- 
1827,  Edin.,  1827,  3  vols.  8vo.  2.  Diet  of  the  Stat.  Laws 
of  Scot,  1842,  2  vols.  8vo.  3.  Compos,  with  Creditors,  Lon., 
1841,  8vo ;  2d  ed.,  1844,  8vo.  Amer.  ed.,  Harrisburg,  1845, 
8vo.  4.  Law  rel.  to  Simony,  1844,  8vo.  5.  Hortensius : 
an  Hist.  Essay  on  the  Duties  of  an  Advocate,  1849,  p.  8vo. 
"  Hortensius  is  an  attempt  to  represent,  in  an  historical  fashion, 
the  progress  of  the  writer's  craft,  from  the  rude  forms  of  the  an 
cient  codes  to  the  complicated  machinery  of  modern  statutes  at 
large ;  and  we  must  admit  that  the  author  has  written  a  very 
pleasant  and  useful  book." — Lon.  Athenaum. 

6.  Laws  rel.  to  the  Custody  of  Infants,  1850,  8vo.  7.  Hist 
of  Trial  by  Jury,  1852,  8vo.  Quoted  in  Lieber's  Work  on 
Civil  Liberty. 

Fort,  Francis.     Gamaliel ;  a  Serm.,  Lon.,  1753,  8vo. 
Fortescue,  Earl.     Selec.  from    the    Speeches   and 
Writings  of  Lord  King,  with  a  Short  Introductory  Memoir 
by  Earl  Fortescue,  Lon.,  1844,  demy  8vo. 

"He  possessed  those  great  requisites  of  happiness — equanimity, 
cheerfulness  of  temper,  and  the  habit  of  continually  employing 
his  mind  in  the  pursuit  of  noble  or  useful  objects." — Lord  King's 
Life  of  Locke. 

"Earl  Fortescue  has  rendered  good  service  to  both  economic 
and  moral  science  by  this  seasonable  publication.  His  selections 
are  most  judiciously  made,  and  will  raise  his  relative's  character 
as  an  able  and  upright  politician,  whose  views  were  singularly  in 
advance  of  his  age,  while  every  parliamentary  session  adds  proof 
of  their  soundness."— ion.  Athenceum. 

Fortescue,  Lady  E.  Hymns,  mostly  from  the  Ger 
man,  Lon.,  1847,  18mo. 

Fortescue,  J.,  D.D.  Essays,  Moral  and  Miscella 
neous,  Lon.,  1752,  '59. 

Fortescue,  Sir  John,  supposed  to  have  died  about 
1485,  aged  90,  was  the  third  son  of  Sir  Henry  Fortescue, 
Lord  Chief  Justice  of  Ireland.  Prince,  in  his  Worthies 
of  Devonshire,  presumed  him  to  have  been  educated  at 
Oxford,  and  Bishop  Tanner  locates  him  at  Exeter  Coll. 
At  Lincoln's  Inn  he  soon  became  famous  for  his  knowledge 
of  civil  and  common  law,  and  in  1430  was  made  a  Serjeant- 
at-Law;  in  1441,  King's  Serjeant-at-Law;  and  in  1442 
Chief  Justice  of  the  King's  Bench.  He  stood  high  in  fa 
vour  with  Henry  VI.,  and  when  that  monarch  was  obliged 
to  take  refuge  in  Scotland,  Fortescue  clung  to  his  fallen 
618 


FOR 

fortunes.  It  was  probably  at  this  time  Henry  created  him 
Chancellor  of  England.  In  1463  he  accompanied  Queen 
Margaret,  Prince  Edward,  and  a  number  of  the  adherents 
of  the  House  of  Lancaster,  to  Flanders,  where  he  remained 
many  years.  Whilst  thus  in  exile,  he  composed  his  cele 
brated  work  entitled  De  Laudibus  Legum  Angliee,  with  a 
view  to  the  future  guidance  of  Prince  Henry,  if  he  should 
ever  reach  the  throne.  The  young  prince  was  cut  off  by 
;he  hand  of  the  murderer  in  the  flower  of  his  days,  but  the 
De  Laudibus  Legum  Angliae  has  survived  many  thrones, 
and  is  still  resorted  to  as  a  fountain  of  inestimable  wisdom. 
Fortescue  returned  to  England  with  Queen  Margaret  and 
Prince  Edward,  and  was  taken  prisoner  after  the  battle 
of  Shrewsbury,  in  1471.  He  was  pardoned  by  King  Ed 
ward,  retracted  a  paper  he  had  written  against  the  claims 
of  the  House  of  York,  and  lived  the  rest  of  his  days  in 
.earned  retirement  at  Ebburton,  in  Gloucestershire.  In 
addition  to  the  work  noticed  above,  he  left  many  Latin 
tracts,  (MSS.,)  and  an  English  treatise,  entitled  The  Dif 
ference  between  an  Absolute  and  Limited  Monarchy,  as  it 
more  particularly  regards  the  English  Constitution.  This 
was  pub.  in  1714,  8vo,  with  Remarks  by  the  author's  de 
scendant,  John  Fortescue  Aland.  It  proves  and  enlarges 
upon  the  superior  degree  of  liberty  possessed  by  the  Eng 
lish  over  the  French.  It  was  probably  written  after  De 
Laudibus,  &c.,  as  the  author  does  not  quote  it  in  the  latter 
work.  See  Oldys's  Brit  Lib.,  250-254.  The  De  Laudibus 
Legum  Angliae  was  first  printed  by  Whitchurch,  sine  anno, 
but  in  the  early  part  of  the  reign  of  Henry  VIII.  In  1516, 
12mo,  a  trans,  into  English,  made  by  Robert  Mulcaster, 
was  given  to  the  world.  Reprinted  1567,  '73,  '75,  78,  '99, 
1609,  with  Hengham's  Summae  Magna  et  Parva,  and  Notes 
by  Selden  on  De  Laudibus,  <fcc.,  1616,  '60,  '72.  Mulcaster, 
the  translator,  says,  in  his  dedication  to  John  Walshe : 

"It  hapned  me  of  late  to  light  upon  this  little  Treatise,  which  I 
incontinent  desired  to  runne  ouer,  because  it  seemed  to  discourse 
upon  some  points  of  the  law  of  our  countrie  whereof  I  myself  then 
was  and  am  now  a  student.  When  I  had  ouerrunne  it,  and  be 
cause  I  wished  all  men  to  haue  part  of  my  delight,  methought  it 
good  to  translate  it  into  English  forth  of  Latine." 

Trans,  into  English,  illustrated  with  the  Notes  of  Mr. 
Selden,  and  a  great  variety  of  Remarks  with  respect  to  the 
Antiq.,  Hist.,  and  Laws  of  Eng. ;  to  which  are  added  the 
Summae  of  Hengham,  by  J.  Glanvill,  1737,  fol.;  2d  ed.,  1741. 
New  ed.,  including  Selden's  Notes  and  Hengham's  Summae, 
with  a  large  Hist.  Pref.  by  Francis  Gregor,  1775,  8vo. 
The  notes  and  references  in  this  ed.  are  more  ample  than  in 
any  of  the  preceding  eds.,  and  the  trans,  is  more  accurate. 
The  last  ed.  of  Fortescue  is  by  A.  Amos,  Camb.,  1825,  8vo. 
The  trans,  is  the  same  as  Gregor's  : 

"  Professor  Amos  judiciously  retained  some  of  the  notes  of  former 
editions,  but  for  the  most  part  added  new  ones,  which  are  less 
copious  than  Gregor's.  Professor  Amos  discharged  the  office  of 
Annotator  with  ability  and  moderation." — Marvin's  Leg.  Bibl.,  q. 
v.  for  a  reference  to  authorities  subjoined. 

In  1663,  fol.,  Mr.  E.  Waterhouse  pub.  Fortescutus  Illus- 
tratus ;  or,  A  Comment  on  that  Nervous  Treatise,  De  Lau 
dibus  Legum  Angliae.  For  Hargrave's  opinion  of  this 
work  see  WATERHOUSE,  E.  The  merits  of  De  Laudibus 
Legum  Angliae  are  unquestionable ;  and,  as  we  have  already 
stated,  its  authority  has  lost  nothing  by  the  lapse  of  time  : 

"  All  good  men  and  lovers  of  the  English  constitution  speak  of 
him  with  honour ;  and  he  still  lives,  in  the  opinion  of  all  true 
Englishmen,  in  as  high  esteem  and  reputation  as  any  judge  that 
ever  sat  in  Westminster  Hall."— JOHN  FORTESCUE  ALAND. 

We  quote  some  other  commendations  of  this  learned 
Treatise : 

"  Aureolum  hunc  dialogum-libellum.  de  quo  dicit  potest  id  quod 
de  fluvio  Teleboa  scripsit  Xenophon,  Mcyaj  ptv,  ov  xaAoj  os  .  .  . 
Certe  leges  nostrise  ut  in  illo  libro  videbis  persapienter  compo- 
sitae." — SIR  WILLIAM  JONES,  in  a  letter  to  a  learned  foreigner. 

"  His  writing  showeth  a  sharp  judgment,  and  in  this  is  exquisite 
and  artificial,  that  when  he  endeavoureth  to  be  plain,  he  speaketh 
not  to  be  profound,  for  he  writ  to  a  king,  who  deserved  things 
plainly  opened." 

"  Sir  John  Fortescue,  whose  learned  '  Commentaries  on  the  Law' 

make  him  femous  to  all  posterity."— Fuller's  Worthies  of  Devonshire . 

"An  admirable  treatise,  which,  for  the  excellence  of  its  method, 

solidity  of  matter,  and  justness  of  its  views,  excels  every  work  on 

that  subject."— HENRY. 

"An  ingenious  defence  of  the  Common  Law  of  England  against 
the  attacks  of  civil  lawyers.  Bracton  and  Fortescue  are  the  two 
most  learned  and  almost  the  only  learned  of  the  Ancient  Law 
yers." — BISHOP  WARBURTON. 

"It  displays  sentiments  upon  liberty  and  limited  government 
which  one  could  not  expect  to  find  in  a  writer  of  this  period ;  and 
there  runs  through  the  whole  an  air  of  probity  that  conciliates  the 
attention  of  the  reader." 

See  10  Rep.,  Pref.  28;  3  Pref.  21  j  Willes,  543;  1  West's 
Ca.,  temp.  Hard.,  27;  10  West.  Rev.,  97;  North's  Dis.,  85; 
No.  54,  L.  M.,  283;  1  Kent,  501 ;  Pref.  Gregor's  Fortescue; 
Fulbeck's  Preparative,  70 ;  4  Reeves's  Hist,  112;  Nicol- 
son's  Eng.  Hist.  Lib.,  163 ;  Marvin's  Leg.  Bib.,  319. 


FOR 

Fortescue,  Sir  John.  See  ALAND,  JOHN  FORTESCUE. 

Fortescue,  John.     Serm.,  1760,  Svo. 

Fortescue,  Thomas.  The  Foreste  or  Collection  of 
Historyes — no  less  profitable  than  pleasant  and  necessary, 
done  out  of  French  into  English,  Lon.,  1571,  4to. 

"The  genius  of  these  tales  may  be  discerned  from  their  history. 
The  book  is  said  to  have  been  written  in  Spanish  by  Petro  de 
Messia,  then  translated  into  Italian,  thence  into  French  by  Claude 
Cruget.  a  citizen  of  Paris,  and  lastly  from  French  into  English  by 
Fortescue.  But  many  of  the  stories  seem  to  have  originally  mi 
grated  from  Italy  to  Spain."—  Warton's  Hist,  of  Eng.  Poet. 

Forth,  Earl  of.     Letter  to  Earl  of  Essex,  1643,  4to. 

Forth,  Henry.     Supper  of  our  Lord,  1548,  16mo. 

Forth,  Wm.     Letter  to  Bp.  of  Norwich,  1813. 

Fortnum,  Mrs.  1.  The  Adventures  of  Victor  Allen  ; 
a  Nov.,  1805,  2  vols.  2.  Cordelia,  2  vols. 

Fortrey,  Samuel,  a  Gentleman  of  the  King's  Bed- 
Chamber.  England's  Interest  and  Improvement,  consist 
ing  in  the  Increase  of  the  State  and  Trade  of  this  King 
dom,  Camb.,  1663,  '73,  1744,  Svo. 

"  Chiefly  remarkable  for  having  powerfully  assisted  in  raising 
and  perpetuating  that  prejudice  against  the  trade  with  France 
which  resulted  not  long  after  in  its  almost  total  prohibition." — 
McOulloch's  Lit.  of  Polit.  Econ. 

Fortune,  E.  F.  T.  1.  Epitome  of  the  Stocks  and 
Funds,  Lon.,  1796,  12mo;  16th  ed.,  by  D.  M.  Evans,  1851, 
12mo.  2.  Hist,  of  the  Bk.  of  England,  1796,  Svo.  3.  Nat. 
Life  Annuities,  1809. 

Fortune,  Robert,  b.  1813,  at  Berwick,  Scotland. 
Three  Years'  Wanderings  in  the  Northern  Provinces  of 
China;  3d  ed.,  Lon.,  1853,  2  vols.  p.  Svo. 

"Mr.  Fortune  was  sent  to  China  for  the  purpose  of  obtaining  new 
plants,  and  his  instructions  directed  him  to  pay  all  possible  attention 
to  the  horticulture  and  agriculture  of  the  people ;  and  on  these 
points  his  work  will  be  most  welcome." — Lon.  Gardener's  Chron. 

"  This  is  a  genuine  book, — as  full  of  interest  and  amusement  as 
it  is  empty  of  pretences  at  fine  writing." — Lon.  Athen. 

Two  Visits  to  the  Tea-Countries  of  China,  2  vols.  p.  Svo. 
A  Residence  among  the  Chinese ;  being  the  Third  Visit 
from  1853  to  1856,  Svo,  1857. 

Fosbrooke,  John.     Six  Serins.,  Camb.,  1633, 4to. 

Fosbrooke, Thomas  Dudley,  1770-1842,  educated 
at  St.  Paul's  School,  and  Pembroke  Coll.,  Oxf. ;  M.A., 
1792;  Curate  of  Horsley,  1794;  Curate  of  Walford,  1810, 
and  Vicar,  1830.  1.  The  Economy  of  Monastic  Life,  as  it 
existed  in  England;  a  Poem,  with  Philos.  and  Archgeol. 
Illust.,  Lon.,  1795,  4to.  2.  British  Monachism ;  or,  Man 
ners  and  Customs  of  the  Monks  and  Nuns  of  England. 
To  which  are  added,  I.  Peregrinatorium  Religiosum,  or 
Manners  and  Customs  of  ancient  Pilgrims ;  II.  Consuetu- 
dinal  of  Anchorets  and  Hermits;  III.  Account  of  the 
Continentes,  or  Women  who  had  made  Vows  of  Chastity; 
IV.  Four  Select  Poems,  in  various  Styles,  2d  ed.,  1817,  4to. 

"  A  considerable  portion  of  this  work  having  been  re-written, 
with  the  view  of  introducing  large  and  important  accessions  from 
the  ancient  Chroniclers,  and  especially  from  Du  CANGE,  (a  work  as 
recondite  as  MS.  to  all  but  our  first  antiquaries,)  the  present 
edition,  enlivened  by  reflections  suited  to  history,  is  adapted,  not 
to  the  antiquary  only,  but  to  the  general  reader,  as  interest,  cu 
riosity,  and  entertainment,  have  been  studiously  consulted." 

New  ed.,  with  addits.,  1843,  2  vols.  r.  Svo. 

The  first  edition  of  this  work  was  most  favourably  no 
ticed  by  all  the  Reviews. 

"  Mr.  Fosbrooke  has  given  to  the  publick,  chiefly  from  MS.  au 
thorities,  a  comprehensive  view  of  the  character  and  manners  of 
monastic  life ;  and  has  brought  together  many  facts,  which  serve 
to  cast  a  light  on  the  history  of  human  nature.  The  manners  of 
the  period  which  furnished  his  materials  were  so  entirely  different 
from  those  of  the  present  times,  that  the  relation  of  them  is  highly 
gratifying  and  instructive.  This  work  contains  much  curious 
and  original  information." — British  Critic,  1802. 

See  this  work  reviewed  in  the  Gentleman's  Magazine 
for  January,  February,  and  March;  and  also  in  the  British 
Critic  for  February,  1818. 

See  a  review  of  this  work,  and  an  elaborate  paper  on 
British  Monachism,  by  Robert  Southey,  in  the  London 
Quart.  Rev.,  xxiii.  59-102. 

"  Having  thus  noticed  some  errors  in  Mr.  Fosbrooke's  work,  it 
would  be  highly  unjust  were  we  not  at  the  same  time  to  state 
that  it  contains  a  great  deal  of  curious  and  recondite  information, 
and  that,  wherever  the  subject  permits,  the  author  gives  proof  in 
the  liveliness  of  his  expressions  of  a  vigorous  and  original  mind." 
— Ubi  supra. 

"  Fosbrooke's  learned  work  on  British  Monachism." — SIR  WALTER 
SCOTT. 

3.  Hist,  of  the  County  of  Gloucester,  from  the  Papers  of 
Ralph  Bigland,  <fec.,  1807,  2  vols.  4to.  4.  Letter  to  Can 
ning,  1809,  Svo.  5.  Key  to  the  N.  Test.,  1815,  12mo. 
Compiled  from  Whitby,  Hammond,  and  Bishop  Mann. 
6.  Berkeley  MSS.,  1821,  4to.  7.  Companion  to  the  Wye 
Tour,  Ross,  1821,  Svo.  8.  Account  of  Cheltenham,  Lon., 
12mo.  9.  Account  of  Ragland  Castle,  12mo.  10.  Ency 
clopaedia  of  Antiquities  and  Elements  of  Archaeology, 


FOS 

1823-25,  2  vols.  4to ;  pub.  in  numbers,  1841,  r.  Svo.    New 
ed.,  with  improvements,  1843,  2  vols.  r.  Svo  ;  107  Plates. 

"  A  work  as  original  as  it  is  important— elegantly  written,  and 
full  of  interesting  information,  with  which  every  person  of  liberal 
education  ought  to  be  acquainted.  No  good  library  should  be 
without  it."— Lon.  Literary  Clironide. 

11.  Archseol.  Sketches  of  Ross  and  Archenfield,  1821, 
12mo.  12.  The  Tourist's  Grammar,  1826,  12mo.  13.  A 
Treatise  on  the  Arts,  Manners,  Manufactures,  and  Institu 
tions  of  the  Romans,  1833-35,  2  vols.  fp.  Svo;  Lardner's 
Cyclopsedia.  Every  antiquarian  collection  should  contain 
Mr.  Fosbrooke's  works. 

Fosket,  Henry.  1.  Facts  Explan.  of  his  Conduct, 
1810,  Svo.  2.  Rights  of  the  Army  Vindicated,  1810,  Svo. 
3.  Supp.,  1812,  Svo. 

Foss,  Edward.  1.  The  Grandeur  of  the  Law;  or,  the 
Legal  Peers  of  England :  with  Sketches  of  their  Profess. 
Career,  Lou.,  1843, 12mo.  2.  The  Judges  of  England,  vol. 
i.,  1066-1199;  vol.  ii.,  1199-1272,  pub.  Lon.,  1848,  Svo. 
Vols  iii.  and  iv.,  1272-1483, 1851,  Svo.  Vol.  v.,  The  Tudors, 
and  vol.  vi.,  The  Stuarts,  1857,  (an  interesting  portion  of 
constitutional  history.) 

Notices  of  vols.  iii.  and  iv. : 

"This  work  will  supply  an  important  deficiency  in  English 
literature, — a  deficiency  long  felt  and  acknowledged  by  more  than 
those  engaged  in  the  study  and  practice  of  the  law.  .  .  .  The 
Judges  of  England  is  an  excellent  book,  and  will,  without  doubt, 
be  appreciated  as  well  by  the  public  at  large  as  by  the  members 
of  the  legal  profession." — Tail's  Edin.  Mag. 

"  A  correction  of  many  errors,  an  addition  of  much  new  informa 
tion,  and  a  better  general  view  of  a  strictly  legal  history  than  any 
other  jurist,  historian,  or  biographer,  had  heretofore  attempted  to 
give." — Lon.  Examiner. 

"  A  work  which  cannot  be  too  highly  estimated,  whether  for 
the  importance  of  its  object,  or  the  great  learning,  extraordinary 
research,  judgment,  and  impartiality,  which  are  bestowed  on  all 
parts  of  its  composition."— ion.  Legal  Observer. 

"  He  has  written  a  book  which  has  added  more  to  our  know 
ledge  of  legal  history  than  any  single  book  published  since  Ma- 
dox's  History  of  the  Exchequer." — Lon.  Gent.  Mag. 

Foss,  John.     Serm.,  1735,  Svo. 

Fossat,  George.  On  the  Trinity,  Lon.,  1796,  '97,  Svo. 

Fossat,  Thomas.     Serm.,  1613,  8vo. 

Foster.  1.  First  Principles  of  Chemistry,  N.  York, 
12mo.  2.  Chart  of  the  Organic  Elements. 

Foster,  Mrs.  1.  Handbook  of  Modern  European 
Literature,  Lon.,  1S49,  12mo.  The  object  of  this  book 
is  not  so  much  to  give  elaborate  criticisms  on  the  vari 
ous  writers  in  the  languages  to  whose  literature  it  is  in 
tended  as  a  guide,  as  to  direct  the  student  to  the  best 
writers  in  each,  and  to  inform  him  on  what  subjects  they 
have  written. 

"  The  attempt  of  the  authoress  is  educational ;  hut  the  qualities 
of  her  researches  are  so  laboured,  and  the  information  she  has  ga 
thered  is  so  comprehensive,  that  the  book  will  be  an  acquisition 
to  every  well-selected  library  as  a  means  of  reference  in  all  cases 
where  memory  fails,  or  where  much  time  without  it  would  be  lost 
in  making  researches." — Bell's  Lon.  Messenger. 

2.  Vasari's  Lives  of  the  Painters,  Sculptors,  and  Archi 
tects;  trans,  by  Mrs.  F.,  and  pub.  in  Bohn's  Standard 
Library,  5  vols.  p.  Svo. 

"The  enthralling  Biographies  of  Vasari,— biographies  which, 
from  their  peculiar  diversity  and  fascination,  have  caused  the  late 
unfortunate  Haydon  to  exclaim  with  enthusiasm,  '  If  I  were  con 
fined  to  three  books  in  a  desert  island,  I  would  certainly  choose 
the  Bible,  Shakspeare,  and  Vasari.'"—  Westminster  and  For.  Quar. 
Rev. 

Foster,  Lt..,  of  the  First  Dragoons.  Military  Instruc 
tions  from  the  late  King  of  Prussia  to  his  Generals,  1797. 

Foster,  A.  F.  1.  Spanish  Literature,  Lon.,  1851, 
12mo.  2.  General  Treatise  on  Geography,  1852,  12mo. 
3.  Italian  Literature,  1853,  12mo. 

Foster,  Anthony,  1785-1820,  of  Charleston,  S.  C. 
Serins. 

Foster,  Arthur.  Digest  of  the  Laws  of  Georgia, 
1820-29,  inclusive,  Phila.,  1831,  Svo. 

"  This  is  an  unauthorized  Digest,  embracing  the  same  period  as 
Dawson's,  and  contains  an  Appendix  of  Forms  used  in  carrying 
the  Laws  into  effect." 

Foster,  Sir  Augustus  J.,  Brit.  Sec.  of  Legation  at 
Washington,  1804-06 ;  Envoy  to  America,  1811-12.  Notes 
on  the  United  States,  Lon.,  1841,  Svo.  Unpublished.  See 
an  interesting  review  of  this  work,  with  many  extracts,  in 
the  Lon.  Quar.  Rev.,  Ixviii.  20-57. 

"  We  cannot  conclude  without  once  more  hinting  our  hope  that 
Sir  Augustus  Foster  may  give  these  Notes  to  the  public  at  large. 
The  specimens  now  quoted  will,  we  are  persuaded,  induce  both 
friends  and  strangers  in  England  and  in  America  to  unite  in  our 
wishes."—  Ubi  supra. 

Foster,  Benjamin, 1750-1798,  minister  in  New  York, 
was  a  native  of  Danvers,  Mass.  Theolog.  treatises. 

Foster,  Birket.  1.  Christmas  with  the  Poets;  a 
collec.  of  Songs,  Carols,  &c.,  with  50  Illus.  by  B.  F.,  Lon., 
1850,  r.  Svo;  2d  ed.,  1851,  r.  Svo. 


FOS 


FOS 


"  We  unhesitatingly  place  this  most  perfect  specimen  of  biblio 
graphic  art  at  the  head  of  its  class.  It  is  a  work  of  enduring 
value,  as  well  in  its  literary  as  in  its  elegant  embellishments."— 
N.  York  Literary  World. 

2.  Cowper's  Task,  with  Illustrations,  Edin.,  1855.  The 
London  Art  Journal  says  of  it : 

"  We  wonder  what  the  bard  of  Ouse  would  say  to  this  exquisite 
edition  of  his  favourite  poem,  could  he  see  it.  Such  a  lover  of  na 
ture  as  he  was,  how  his  eye  would  have  lighted  up  at  Mr.  Foster's 
delicious  bits  of  landscape — simple,  truthful,  and  poetical  as  the 
lines  they  illustrate.  We  have  often  had  occasion  to  commend 
Mr.  Foster's  landscape  compositions,  but  we  have  never  seen  his 
pencil  more  charmingly  evinced  than  on  this  volume." 

"  One  of  the  most  beautiful  gift-books  which  has  appeared  this 
season— one  of  the  most  beautiful,  indeed,  which  has  ever  appeared 
in  any  season— is  a  new  edition  of  '  The  Task,'  of  Cowper,  richly 
illustrated  by  Birket  Foster."— Lon.  Quar.  Rev. 

"  Among  the  pictorial  gift-books  of  the  season,  the  chief  place 
belongs  to  the  '  illustrated  edition  of  Cowper's  Task.'  It  is  alto 
gether  a  beautiful  work,  and  one  of  perennial  value." — Lon.  Lit. 
Gazette. 

To  Mr.  Foster  we  are  indebted  for  a  number  of  other 
beautiful  Illustrations. 

Foster,  C.  J.  1.  On  the  London  University.  2.  Ele 
ments  of  Jurisprudence,  1854,  p.  8vo. 

Foster,  or  Forster,  Edward.  Prin.  and  Prac.  of 
Midwifery.  Completed  and  corrected  by  J.  Sims,  M.D., 
Lon.,  1781,  8vo. 

Foster,  Francis.  Thoughts  on  the  Times,  but 
chiefly  on  the  Profligacy  of  Women,  and  its  Causes,  Lon., 
1779,  12mo. 

Foster,  George.  1.  Sounding  of  the  last  Trumpet, 
1650,  4to.  2.  Pouring  out  of  the  Seventh  and  last  Vial, 
1650,  4to. 

Foster,Georgius.  De  Epilepsia,  Lugd.  Bat.,1679,4to. 

Foster,  Hannah,  an  American  authoress.  The  Co 
quette;  or,  The  History  of  Eliza  Wharton.  New  ed.,  with 
a  Preface  by  Mrs.  Jane  E.  Locke,  1855.  This  melancholy 
story  is  founded  on  fact.  See  CHENEY,  HARRIET  V. ;  CUSH- 
ING,  MRS. 

Foster,  Henry.  Trained  Bands  of  London,  1643, 4to. 

Foster,  Henry.     Serm.,  1777,  8vo. 

Foster,  Henry,  1745-1814,  entered  at  Queen's  Coll., 
Oxf.,  1764;  Perpetual  Curate  of  St.  James's,  Clerkenwell, 
1804.  1.  Grace  Displayed  and  Saul  Converted;  sub.  of  a 
Serm.,  Acts  ix.  11,  Lon.,  1776,  8vo.  New  ed.,  1814,  8vo. 

2.  The  Bible  Preacher;   or,  Closet  Companion  for  every 
Day  in  the  Year,  1824,  12mo. 

"  A  work  worthy  the  attention  of  all  clergymen,  dissenting  mi 
nisters,  and  all  denominations  of  Christians." — Lowndes's  Brit.  Lib. 

Foster,  Rev.  J.  K.  1.  Recollec.  of  Rev.  G.  D.  Owen, 
Lon.,  1838,  8vo.  2.  Convers.  on  Brit  Ch.  Hist.,  1848, 12mo. 

3.  Strong  Consolation,  or  the  Penitent  Sinner  Encouraged, 
32mo. 

Foster,  James,  D.D.,  1697-1753,  a  native  of  Exeter, 
began  to  preach  as  a  dissenting  minister,  1718,  minister  at 
Barbican,  London,  1724;  at  Pinner's  Hall,  1744.  He  was 
originally  an  Independent,  but  was  subsequently  baptized 
by  immersion.  In  1728  he  commenced  the  series  of  Sun 
day  Evening  Lectures — continued  for  more  than  twenty 
years — which  were  numerously  attended  by  persons  of  all 
ranks  of  life  and  all  classes  of  opinions. 

"  Here,"  says  Dr.  Fleming,  "  was  a  confluence  of  persons  of  every 
rank,  station,  and  quality.  Wits,  free-thinkers,  numbers  of  clergy ; 
who,  whilst  they  gratified  their  curiosity,  had  their  professions 
shaken  and  their  prejudices  loosened.  And  of  the  usefulness  and 
success  of  these  lectures  he  had  a  large  number  of  written  testi 
monials  from  unknown  as  well  as  known  persons." 

Perhaps  no  preacher  ever  maintained  an  enthusiastic 
popularity  for  a  longer  period.     Pope  sang  his  praises,  and 
Savage  declared  there  was  none  to  be  named  with  him. 
"Let  modest  Foster,  if  he  will,  excel 
Ten  Metropolitans  in  preaching  well." 

Pref.  to  Pope's  Satires. 
"  But  see  the  accomplished  Orator  appear, 
Kefined  his  language,  and  his  reason  clear  I 
Thou,  Foster,  only,  hast  the  pleasing  art, 
At  once  to  charm  the  ear,  and  mend  the  heart." 

SAVAGE. 

Lord  Bolingbroke  noticed  the  popular  favourite  after  his 
own  fashion,  by  ascribing  to  him,  but  erroneously,  it  is  said, 
the  absurd  saying,  often  quoted  by  shallow  disputants, 

"  Where  mystery  begins,  religion  ends." 
But  it  has  been  remarked  that, 

"Whatever  his  personal  virtues  and  popular  talents,  he  neither 
professed  nor  possessed  much  zeal  for  the  essential  doctrines  of 
Christianity." 

1.  Occasional  Serms.,  1720,  '32,  '41,  '42,  8vo.  2.  Serms., 
1732,  '33,  '37,  8vo.  3.  Serms.,  in  4  vols.  8vo;  4th  and  best 
ed.,  1755.  4.  Discourses  on  Natural  Religion  and  Social 
Virtues,  1749-52,  2  vols.  4to.  5.  Essay  on  Fundamentals; 
especially  the  Trinity,  1720,  8vo.  A  celebrated  essay. 
6.  Defence  of  the  Usefulness,  Truth,  and  Excellency  of  the 
Christian  Religion,  1731,  8vo.  Written  against  Tindal. 


"This  is  generally  and  justly  acknowledged  to  be  an  ingenious 
performance,  and  written  with  great  clearness  of  thought  and  ex 
pression." — Ldand's  Deistical  Writers,  q.  v. 

"It  reflects  much  credit  on  the  abilities  and  ingenuity  of  the 
author."  See  Wilson's  Hist,  of  Diss.  Churches. 

7.  Answer  to  Dr.  Stebbing's  Letter  on  Heresy,  1735,  8vo : 
do.  to  his  2d  Letter,  1736,  8vo. 

Foster,  John.  1.  Oratio  habita  Cantabrigiae  in  Col- 
legio  Regali,  Cantab.,  1752,  4to.  2.  Dissertatio,  Lon., 
1758,  4to. 

Foster,  John,  of  Elton.     Serms.,  Lon.,  1756,  '57, 8vo. 

Foster,  John,  1731-1773,  a  native  of  Windsor,  edu 
cated  at  Eton  and  King's  Coll.,  Camb.,  Master  of  Eton, 
1765;  Canon  of  Windsor,  1772.  An  Essay  on  Accent  and 
Quantity,  Eton,  1762,  8vo ;  3d  ed.,  1820,  Svo.  An  esteemed 
work.  The  3d  ed.  contains  Dr.  Gally's  two  Dissertations 
against  pronouncing  the  Greek  language  according  to 
accents. 

Foster,Rt.  Hon.  John,M.P.  Speeches,1793,'99,8vo. 

Foster,  John.     Poems  on  Relig.  Subjects,  1798,  8vo. 

Foster,  John,  D.D.,  1783-1829,  minister  of  Brighton, 
Mass.,  husband  of  Hannah  Foster,  author  of  The  Coquette. 
Serms.,  1799,  1802,  '03,  '05,  '09,  '17. 

Foster,  John.  On  the  Method  of  Illustrating  Scrip 
ture  from  the  relation  of  Modern  Travellers,  1802,  Svo. 

Foster,  John,  1770-1843,  a  native  of  Yorkshire,  Eng 
land,  was  the  son  of  a  farmer,  who  employed  his  leisure 
hours  in  weaving,  and  taught  his  son  the  use  of  the  hand- 
wheel.  When  14  years  of  age,  John  was  placed  under  the 
care  of  a  manufacturer,  who  soon  discovered  that  his  stu 
dious  apprentice  would  prove  but  an  unprofitable  assistant. 
Discharged  from  a  distasteful  employment,  he  determined 
to  study  for  the  ministry,  and  entered  the  Baptist  College 
at  Bristol,  where  he  soon  gained  distinction  by  intellectual 
abilities.  In  1792  he  commenced  preaching,  and  officiated 
among  the  Baptists  at  Newcastle-upon-Tyne,  Dublin,  Chi- 
chester,  Downend,  near  Bristol,  and  Fronie,  in  Somerset 
shire,  in  succession.  Obliged  by  a  glandular  affection  of 
the  neck  to  discontinue  preaching,  he  retired  to  Stapleton, 
near  Bristol,  and  here  he  devoted  himself  to  literary  com 
position,  for  which  few  have  been  so  well  qualified.  He 
was  the  principal  contributor  to  the  Eclectic  Review,  and 
for  a  period  of  thirteen  years  wrote  for  its  columns  those 
excellent  essays  which  gave  that  periodical  so  extensive 
and  durable  a  reputation.  We  should  not  fail  to  mention 
that  the  "Friend"  to  whom  he  addressed  his  essays  was  a 
Miss  Maria  Snooke  of  Downend,  who  subsequently  became 
Mrs.  John  Foster.  For  further  particulars  respecting  this 
excellent  man  and  eminent  writer,  we  must  refer  the  reader 
to  his  Life  and  Correspondence,  by  J.  E.  Ryland ;  with  No 
tices  of  Mr.  Foster  as  a  preacher  and  companion,  by  John 
Sheppard,  Lon.,  1846,  2  vols.  p.  Svo;  2d  ed.,  1848,  2  vols. 
8vo.  New  ed.,  (Bonn's  Stand.  Lib.,)  1852,  2  vols.  12mo; 
Boston,  1850,  2  vols.  in  1,  12mo. 

"  In  the  interesting  volumes  before  us  we  find,  and  principally 
in  his  own  words,  a  full  and  faithful  register  of  the  leading  events 
in  his  life,  and  of  the  more  interesting  movements  in  his  spiritual 
history.  The  book  is  arranged  on  a  plan  somewhat  similar  to  that 
adopted  in  Carlyle's  work  on  Cromwell.  The  biography  constitutes 
an  intermitting  chain  between  the  numerous  letters,  and  is  exe 
cuted  in  a  modest  and  intelligent  manner.  Besides  his  correspond 
ence,  there  are  large  and  valuable  excerpts  from  his  journals,  and 
to  the  whole  are  appended  interesting  though  slight  notices  of  his 
character,  from  the  pen  of  Mr.  Sheppard." — Gilfillarfs  Second  Gal 
lery  of  Lit.  Portraits. 

In  1805  Mr.  Foster  pub.  (1.)  Essays,  in  a  Series  of  Let 
ters  to  a  Friend,  on  the  following  subjects:  1.  On  a  man's 
writing  memoirs  of  himself;  2.  On  Decision  of  Character; 
3.  On  the  application  of  the  epithet  Romantic;  4.  On  some 
of  the  causes  by  which  Evangelical  Religion  has  been  ren 
dered  less  acceptable  to  persons  of  cultivated  taste,  9th  ed., 
»1830,  8vo.  The  final  corrections  of  the  author  appear  in 
this  ed.,  from  which  the  subsequent  eds.  were  printed;  13th 
ed.,  1839,  12mo;  21st  ed.,  1850,  p.  8vo. 

"  I  happened  myself  to  be  in  Bristol  at  the  moment  when  his 
four  essays  were  first  issuing  from  the  press;  and  everywhere  I 
!  heard  so  pointed  an  account  of  the  expectations  connected  with 
Foster  by  his  religious  party,  that  I  made  it  a  duty  to  read  his 
book  without  delay.    It  is  a  distant  incident  to  look  back  upon ; 
gone  by  far  more  than  thirty  years;  but  I  remember  my  first  im 
pressions,  which  were  these :— first,  That  the  novelty  or  weight  of 
the  thinking  was  hardly  sufficient  to  account  for  the  sudden  popu 
larity,  without  some  extra  influence  at  work;  and,  secondly,  That 
the  contrast  was  remarkable  between  the  uncoloured  style  of  his 
general  diction,  and  the  brilliant  felicity  of  occasional  images  em 
broidered  upon  the  sober  ground  of  his  text.    The  splendour  did 
i  not  seem  spontaneous,  or  growing  up  as  part  of  the  texture  within 
j  the  loom;  it  was  intermitting,  and  seemed  as  extraneous  to  the 
j  substance  as  the  flowers  which  are  chalked  for  an  evening  upon 
j  the  floors  of  ball-rooms." — De  Quincey's  Essays  on  the  Poets  and 
other  Eng.  Writers,  q.  v. 

The  eminent  authorities  next  to  be  quoted  take  a  very 
different  view  of  our  author. 


FOS 


FOT 


"The  author  places  the  idea  which  he  wishes  to  present  in  such 
a  flood  of  light,  that  it  is  not  merely  visible  itself,  but  it  seems  to 
illumine  all  around  it.  He  paints  metaphysics,  and  has  the  happy 
art  of  arranging  what  in  other  hands  would  appear  cold  and  com 
fortless  abstractions,  in  the  warmest  colours  of  fancy.  Without 
quitting  his  argument  in  pursuit  of  ornament  or  imagery,  his 
imagination  becomes  the  perfect  handmaid  of  his  reason,  ready  at 
every  moment  to  spread  her  canvas  and  present  her  pencil."— 
ROBERT  HALL. 

"  I  have  read,  with  the  greatest  admiration,  the  Essays  of  Mr. 
Foster.  He  is  one  of  the  most  profound  and  eloquent  writers  that 
England  has  produced."— SIR  JAMES  MACKINTOSH. 

"  Mr.  Foster's  Essays  are  full  of  ingenuity  and  original  remarks. 
The  style  of  them  is  at  once  terse  and  elegant."— DR.  DIBDIN: 
Library  Camp. 

"A  very  accurate  and  powerful  writer  of  the  present  day,  Mr. 
Foster,  in  his  Essay  on  Decision  of  Character,"  &c. — SAMUEL  WAR 
REN  :  Ten  Thousand  a  Year.  And  see  the  same  author's  Introduc. 
to  Law  Studies. 

It  would  be  easy  to  multiply  commendations. 

In  1819  appeared  (2)  the  Essays  on  the  Evils  of  Popu 
lar  Ignorance.  New  ed.,  16th  thousand,  including  the 
Discourse  on  the  Communication  of  Christianity  to  the 
People  of  India,  1850,  sm.  Svo. 

This  the  author  considered  his  best  work,  and  is  the  one 
by  which  he  wished  his  literary  claims  to  be  estimated. 
The  fact  of  its  not  having  sold  so  well  as  his  other  Essays 
was,  he  used  to  say,  a  proof  of  Popular  Ignorance.  The 
author  was  not  the  only  admirer  of  his  performance  : 

"A  work  which,  popular  and  admired  as  it  confessedly  is,  has 
never  met  with  the  thousandth  part  of  the  attention  which  it  de 
serves.  It  appears  to  rne  that  we  are  now  at  a  crisis  in  the  state 
of  our  country  and  of  the  world,  which  renders  the  reasonings  and 
exhortations  of  that  eloquent  production  applicable  and  urgent 
beyond  all  power  of  mine  to  express." — DR.  J.  PYE  SMITH. 

"  If  any  have  yet  to  learn  the  Evils  of  Popular  Ignorance,  let 
them  survey  the  chambers  of  imagery  in  this  original  and  affect 
ing  Essay,  and  if  they  can  receive  impressions,  they  will  never 
more  forget  that  the  people  are  destroyed  for  lack  of  knowledge." 
— DR.  JOHN  HARRIS,  author  of  Mammon. 

3.  Contributions,  Biographical,  Literary,  and  Philosophi 
cal,  to  the  Eclectic  Review,  1840,  2  vbls.  Svo. 

"  They  are  worthy  to  go  along  with  the  reviews  of  Hall,  Macau- 
lay,  and  Jeffrey.  Profound,  keen,  courteous,  powerful  in  reason 
ing,  vigorous  and  massive  in  style,  and  eminently  Christian  in 
sentiment,  they  will  suffer  nothing  by  comparison  with  the  writ 
ings  of  those  justly-celebrated  men  in  the  most  important  points, 
while  in  some  they  possess  an  evident  superiority." — Lon.  Congre 
gational  Mag. 

"  We  believe  that  no  Review  in  England,  in  America,  or  on  the 
Continent,  can  boast  of  more  precious  treasures  than  those  dis 
closed  in  the  volumes  before  us." — Lon.  Evangelical  Mag. 

"  We  question  if  there  be  another  Review  in  Europe  that  could 
show  such  a  series  of  papers  as  Foster  contributed  to  the  Eclectic." 
—United  Secession  Magazine,  August. 

"  Had  the  Eclectic  Review  achieved  nothing  else  for  letters  and 
piety  than  eliciting  the  contributions  of  Foster,  it  would  have 
established  strong  claims  to  public  gratitude." — Lon.  Christian 
Witness. 

4.  Lectures  delivered  at  Broadmead  Chapel,  Bristol. 
1st  Series,  1844,  Svo;  3d  ed.,  1848, 12mo.    2d  Series,  1847, 
Svo;  2ded.,  1848,  12mo. 

"  We  know  of  nothing  in  the  language  equal  to  the  Lectures 
upon  Historical  Subjects  from  the  Old  and  New  Testaments  in 
point  of  graphical  vividness  of  description  and  profoundly  instruct 
ive  comment.  All  the  discoveries  are  rich  in  thought  and  deeply 
impressive;  and  of  all  Mr.  Foster's  writings,  they  give  us  the  best 
and  truest  impress  of  the  real  character  of  his  mind." — Lon. 
Patriot. 

5.  Introductory  Essay  to  Doddridge's  Rise  and  Progress, 
1847,  12mo. 

"  In  point  of  direct  religious  utility,  it  has  been  surpassed  by 
none  of  his  writings."— Stand's  Life  of  Foster,  vol.  ii.  p.  J.7. 

"  Several  parts  I  have  had  to  write  anew  and  differently;  minor 
corrections  to  an  endless  amount.  To  think  how  much  ado,  of 
talking,  fretting,  pacing  the  room  morning  and  night,  pleading 
excuse  from  preaching  and  visiting,  setting  aside  of  plans  for 
South  Wales,  &c. ;  and  all  for  what? — a  Preface  to  Doddridge's 
Rise  and  Progress." — JOHN  FOSTER. 

"In  simplicity  of  language,  in  majesty  of  conception,  in  the  elo 
quence  of  that  conciseness  which  conveys,  in  a  short  sentence, 
more  meaning  tha.n  the  mind  dares  at  once  admit,  his  writings 
are  unmatched." — North  British  Review. 

"His  Essays  are  original,  and  calculated  to  enlarge  the  mind." 
—Bicli-ersteMs  C.  S. 

"  For  twenty  years  we  have  been  enthusiasts  in  reference  to  this 
•writer's  genius." — GILFILLAN  :  Second  Gallery  of  Lit.  Poet. 

"  Mr.  Gilfillan  possibly  overrates  the  power  of  this  essayist,  and 
the  hold  which  he  has  upon  the  public  mind.  It  is  singular, 
meanwhile,  that  whatever  might  be  its  degree,  much  or  little,  ori 
ginally  his  influence  was  due  to  an  accident  of  position,  which,  in 
some  countries,  would  have  tended  to  destroy  it.  He  was  a  Dis 
senter." — DE  QCINCEY  :  Essays  on  the  Poets,  and  other  Eng.  Writers. 
The  reader  can  pursue  the  subject  in  the  two  works  last 
named,  and  many  of  the  leading  periodicals  of  the  day. 

Foster,  John  Leslie.  1.  Essay  on  the  Principles 
of  Commercial  Exchanges,  Ac.,  Lon.,  1804,  Svo. 

"In  this  very  able  treatise  Mr.  Foster  gives  the  earliest  explana 
tion  of  the  real  nature  and  influence  of  absentee  expenditures  that 
we  have  met  with."— McCulloch's  Lit.  of  Polit.  Econ. 

2.  Speech  rel.  to  R.  Catholics  in  Ireland,  1812,  Svo. 


Foster,  Joseph.     See  FORSTER. 

Foster,  Mark.     A  Treat,  of  Trigonometry. 

Foster,  Sir  Michael,  1689-1763,  an  eminent  law 
yer,  a  native  of  Marlborough,  Wiltshire,  educated  at  Exe 
ter  Coll.,  Oxf.,  entered  the  Middle  Temple  in  1707,  waa 
knighted  and  made  a  Judge  of  the  Court  of  King's  Bench 
in  1745.  1.  Letter  to  Prot.  Dissenters,  1720.  2.  Exam, 
of  the  scheme  of  Church  Power  laid  down  in  the  Codex 
Juris  Ecclesiastici  Anglicani,  <fcc.,  1735. 

"In  this  he  controverted  the  system  of  Church  power  vested  in 
the  clergy,  and  which  forms  the  groundwork  of  Bishop  Gibson's 
'Codex.'" 

Several  answers  appeared,  the  principal  one  by  Dr.  An 
drews,  a  civilian.  3.  The  King  against  Alex.  Broadfoot, 
Oxf.,  1758,  4to.  4.  Report,  &c.  rel.  to  trial  of  the  Rebels 
in  1746;  1762,  fol.;  1776,  Svo.  New  ed.,  with  Discourses 
upon  a  few  Branches  of  the  Crown  Law,  1792,  Svo;  3d  ed., 
with  Appendix,  cont'g  Foster's  Opinion,  <fcc.,  and  Notes 
and  References  by  Michael  Dodson,  1809,  Svo. 

"  The  truly  admirable  discourses  of  Sir  Michael  Foster."— JUDGE 
STORY  :  Miscdl.  Writings,  76. 

l<  The  author  did  not  attempt  to  write  a  regular  Treatise  upon 
Crown  Law.  His  discourses  are  much  admired  for  their  sound 
and  accurate  learning." 

See  Pref.  Gilbert's  Evid.,  byLoft%37;  Cowp.,  7;  3  East, 
582 ;  Warren's  Law  Stu.,  620 ;  Marvin's  Leg.  Bibl.,  321. 
Michael  Dodson,  his  nephew,  pub.  his  Life  in  1811,  Svo. 

Foster,  Nich.     Rebellion  in  Barbadoes,  1650,  Svo. 

Foster,  P.  L.  N.    Act  rel.  to  Wills,  Lon.,  1837, 12mo. 

Foster,  Rev.  Randolph  S.,  b.  1820,  in  Williams- 
burg,  Ohio.  1.  Objections  to  Calvinism.  2.  Christian  Pu 
rity,  N.Y.,  1851,  12mo.  3.  Ministry  Needed  for  the  Times. 

Foster,  Richard.     To  the  Rulers  in  Israel,  1650. 

Foster,  Robert,  or  William.  Hoplocrisma-Spon- 
gvs ;  or,  A  Sponge  to  wipe  away  the  Weapon-salve,  Lon., 
1631,  4to. 

Foster,  Samuel,  d.  1652,  a  native  of  Northampton 
shire,  educated  at  Emanuel  Coll.,  Camb.,  was  elected  Prof, 
of  Astronomy  in  Gresham  Coll.  in  1636,  and  again  in  1641. 
He  was  a  distinguished  mathematician.  His  principal 
works  are — L  Descrip.  of  a  Quadrant,  Lon.,  1624,  4to. 
Several  eds.  2.  The  Art  of  Dialling,  1638,  <fec.,  4to.  3.  Four 
Treatises  on  Dialling,  1654,  4to.  4.  Horologiography,  1654, 
4to.  5.  Miscellanea,  Eng.  and  Lat.,  1659,  fol. 

Foster,  Thomas.     Serm.,  Lon.,  1631,  4to. 

Foster,  Thomas.     See  FORSTER. 

Foster,  Thomas.  Chrestomatheia;  or,  A  Collection 
of  Morality  and  Sentiment  extracted  from  various  Authors, 
1793,  12mo. 

Foster,  Wm.    See  FORSTER. 

Foster,  Wm.     See  FORRESTER. 

Foster,  Wm.,  D.D.    Visit.  Serm.,  Lon.,  1802,  4to. 

Foster,  Rev.  Wm.,  Head  Master  of  St.  Paul's  School, 
Southsea,  has  pub.  Greek  and  Latin  Grammars,  Ac.,  and 
works  on  Arithmetic  and  Algebra. 

Foster,Mrs.W.  Lady  Marion,Lon.,1853, 3  vols.  p.  Svo. 

"This  fascinating  novel  needs  not  the  attraction  of  the  name  of 
the  late  Duke  of  Wellington's  niece  upon  the  title-page  to  com 
mend  it  to  the  novel-readers  of  the  fashionable  world.  The  work 
gives  evidence  of  talent  of  no  common  order." — John  Bull. 

Foster,  Wm.  L.  New  Hampshire  Reports,  vols.1., 
ii.,  Hi.,  pub.  to  1854,  Boston,  Svo. 

Fotherby,  Martin,  D.D.,  1559-1619,  a  native  of  Lin 
colnshire,  educated  at,  and  Fellow  of,  Trin.  Coll.,  Camb., 
Preb.  of  Canterbury,  1596;  Bishop  of  Sarum,  1618.  1. 
Fovre  Serms.,  Lon.,  1608,  4to.  2.  Atheomasti;  or,  The 
clearing  of  Four  Truths  against  Atheists,  Ac.,  1622,  fol. 

Fothergill,  Anthony,  a  husbandman,  pub.  three 
theolog.  treatises,  Lon.,  1754,  '56,  Svo. 

Fothergill,  Anthony,  M.D.,  of  Northampton,  pub. 
treatises  on  Fever,  Poison,  <fcc.,  1763-99,  and  contrib.  pro 
fess,  papers  to  Med.  Obs.  and  Inq.,  and  Phil.  Trans.,  1767- 
1805. 

Fothergill,  Charles.  1.  The  Wanderer:  Tales  and 
Essays,  1803,  2  vols.  12mo.  2.  Essay  on  Natural  Historv, 
1813,  12mo. 

Fothergill,  George,  1705-1760,  a  native  of  West 
moreland,  educated  at,  and  Fellow  and  tutor  of,  Queen's 
Coll.,  Oxf. ;  Principal  of  Edmund  Hall,  and  Vicar  of  Bram- 
ley,  Hampshire,  1751.  1.  Occas.  Serms.,  Lon.,  1756,  '57, 
'58,  Svo.  2.  Serms.,  1761,  '62,  Svo;  Oxf.,  1765,  2  vols.  Svo. 

"  His  sermons  display  a  large  share  of  manly  sense.  They  are 
clear,  rational,  and  instructive.  His  turn  of  thought  and  expres 
sion  is  ingenious  and  sprightly."— Lon.  Month.  Rev. 

Fothergill,  John,  M.D.,  1712-1780,  an  eminent  phy 
sician,  a  member  of  the  Society  of  Friends  or  Quakers, 
was  a  native  of  Carr  End,  Yorkshire.  After  travelling  on 
the  continent,  he  settled  in  London,  where  he  gained  such 
fame  in  his  profession  that  he  enjoyed  an  income  of  about 


FOT 

£7000,  and  left  an  estate  of  £80,000.  He  endowed  a  semi 
nary  for  young  Quakers  at  Ackworth,  near  Leeds,  assisted 
Sydney  Parkinson  in  his  account  of  his  South  Sea  Voy 
age,  and  printed  Anthony  Purveys  (a  Quaker)  trans,  of 
the  Bible  from  the  Hebrew  and  Greek,  at  an  expense  of 
£2000.  1.  Thesis  de  Emeticorum  usu,  in  variis  Morbis 
tractandis,  Edin.,  1738,  8vo.  2.  Sore  Throat  with  Ulcers, 
Lon.,  1748,  '54,  8vo.  3.  Rules  for  the  Preserv.  of  Health, 
1762,  8vo.  4.  Acct.  of  Dr.  Collinson,  1770,  4to.  Anon. 
5.  Explan.  Remarks  to  the  Pref.  to  Sydney  Parkinson's 
Jour,  of  a  Voy.  to  the  South  Seas,  1773,  4to.  6.  Hydro 
phobia,  1778,  8vo.  7.  Con.  to  Ed.  Med.  Ess.,  1736.  8.  Con. 
to  Phil.  Trans.,  1744.  9.  Con.  to  Med.  Obs.  and  Inq.,  1755, 
'67,  '78,  '84.  His  Works,  edited  by  John  Elliot,  M.D., 
with  Life  and  Notes,  1781,  8vo.  By  Gilbert  Thompson, 
1782,  8vo.  By  Dr.  Lettsom,  1783,  2  vols.  8vo;  1784,  4to. 
Hortas  Uptoniensis;  or,  A  Cat  of  Stove  and  Greenhouse 
Plants  in  Dr.  Fothergill's  Garden  at  Upton,  at  the  time  of 
his  decease,  1784,  8vo. 

"  The  person  of  Dr.  Fothergill  was  of  a  delicate  rather  than  ex 
tenuated  make.  His  features  were  all  expressive,  and  his  eye  had 
a  peculiar  brilliancy.  His  understanding  was  comprehensive  and 
quick,  and  rarely  embarrassed  on  the  most  sudden  occasions. 
There  was  a  charm  in  his  conversation  and  address  that  conciliated 
the  regard  and  confidence  of  all  who  employed  him ;  and  so  dis 
creet  and  uniform  was  his  conduct,  that  he  was  not  apt  to  forfeit 
the  esteem  which  he  had  once  acquired." 

See  authorities  cited  above ;  also  Chalmers's  Biog.  Diet.  ; 
Nichols's  Lit.  Anecdotes;  Physic  and  Physicians;  The 
Lives  of  Brit.  Physicians;  and  for  a  list  of  his  separate 

?apers  in  Ed.  Med.  Ess.,  Phil.  Trans.,  and  Med.  Obs.  and 
nq.,  refer  to  Bibl.  Brit. 

Fothergill,  Samuel,  d.  1773,  an  eminent  Quaker 
preacher,  brother  of  the  preceding,  travelled  over  England, 
Scotland,  Ireland,  and  North  America,  holding  religious 
meetings.  He  was  greatly  respected.  1.  Remarks  on  an 
Address  to  the  People  called  Quakers,  and  a  Serm.,  <fec.  by 
M.  Pilkington.  In  a  Letter  to  the  Author ;  with  Observ. 
by  Phipps,  1761,  8vo.  2.  Reply  to  E.  Owen  on  Water  Bap 
tism,  1763,  8vo.  3.  Letters,  1816. 

Fothergill,  Samuel,  M.D.  Tic  Douloureux,  Lon., 
1804,  8vo. 

Fothergill,  Thomas.  Articles  against  Capt.  Neid- 
ham,  1653,  4to. 

Fothergill,  Thomas,  D.D.  Provost  of  Queen's  Coll., 
and  Preb.  of  Durham.  Serms.,  Oxf.,  1749,  '53,  '56,  '60, 
'62,  '64. 

Fouler.     See  FOWLER. 

Fouler,  Wm.  Truth's  Vindication  of  Election  and 
Reprobation,  Lon.,  1652,  12mo. 

Foulface,  Philip.  Bacchvs  Bovntie,  Describing  the 
debonaire  dietie  of  his  bountiful  godhead,  in  the  royall 
obseruance  of  his  great  feast  of  Pentecost.  Necessaire  to 
be  read  and  marked  of  all,  for  the  eschuing  of  like  enor 
mities.  By  Philip  Foulface  of  Ale-foord,  student  in  good 
fellowship,  Lon.,  1594,  4to.  Partly  in  verse  and  partly  in 
prose ;  much  in  the  style  of  Robert  Greene.  Three  sheets 
only.  Bibl.  Anglo-Poet.,  74,  £6.  It  is  reprinted  in  the 
Harleian  Miscellany. 

"  The  intention  of  this  Pamphlet  was  to  expose  the  sin  of  drunk 
enness,  and  the  folly  and  danger  of  those  who  give  themselves  up 
to  that  chargeable,  silly,  and  health-destroying  vice :  a  vice,  in 
which  a  man  takes  the  utmost  pains  to  drown  his  own  reason,  to 
commence  a  fool,  the  object  of  a  sober  man's  resentment  and  re 
proach,  and  to  ruin  both  his  own  estate  and  constitution." — OLDYS. 

To  this  "  let  all  the  people  say,  Amen !" 

Foulis,  or  De  Foliis,  Henry,  1638?-1685,  entered 
Queen's  Coll.,  Oxf.,  1654;  Fellow  of  Lincoln's  Coll.,  1659; 
took  holy  orders,  but  devoted  himself  to  historical  studies. 
1.  Hist,  of  the  Wicked  Plots  and  Conspiracies  of  our  blessed 
Saints,  the  Presbyterians,  Ac.,  Lon.,  1662;  Oxf.,  1674,  fol. 

"  Which  book,  tho'  full  of  notable  girds  against  that  party,  yet 
it  hath  been  so  pleasing  to  the  royalists,  (who  have  found  much 
wit  and  mirth  therein,)  that  some  of  them  have  caused  it  to  be 
chained  to  desks  in  public  places,  and  in  some  country-churches, 
to  be  read  by  the  vulgar.  But  as  by  the  publishing  of  this  book  he 
hath  much  displeased  the  Presbyterians,  of  whom  some  have  fallen 
foul  upon  him  in  their  writings  for  so  doing;  so  hath  he  more 
displeased  another  party  for  the  writing  of  this  book  following : 

"  [2.]  The  History  of  the  Romish  Treasons  and  Usurpations,  with 
an  Account  of  many  gross  Corruptions  and  Impostures  of  the 
Church  of  Rome,  Ac.,  Lon.,  1671  and  '81,  fol.  Which  book,  had  it 
not  fallen  into  the  hands  of  a  knavish  bookseller,  might  have  been 
extant  in  the  lifetime  of  the  author,  and  so  consequently  more 
compleat  and  exact  than  it  now  is.  At  its  first  publication,  I  wa! 
informed  by  a  letter  written  by  a  noted  man  of  that  party,  tha 
the  papists  did  look  upon  the  said  book  as  a  simple  thing— Tha 
he  (the  author)  fought  against  his  own  shadow,  and  that  all  sobe 
Catholics  did  disallow  much  of  what  he  combats  against." — Athen 
Oxon. 

Watt  ascribes  to  Foulis  (3)  Cabala;  or,  the  Hist,  of  the 
Conventicles  Uncased,  1664,  4to;  and  Foulis  left  a  MS 


row 

\ccount  of  all  Serms.  preached  before  Parliament,  1640- 
8;  in  Wood's  Collect.,  Ashniole's  Museum,  8480,  18. 
Foulis,  Sir  James,  Bart.,  d.  1791.     1.  Lett,  on  Irish 
iffairs,  Lon.,  1805,  8vo.     2.  Catholic  Emancip.,  1812,  8vo. 
Foulis,  Oliver.     Under  this  name  David  Lloyd  pub. 
is  work  Of  Plots,  Ac.,  Lon.,  1664,  4to. 

Foulis,  Robert,  d.  1776,  a  celebrated  printer,  as  was 
Iso  Andrew,  his  brother,  who  d.  1774.  Cat.  of  Robert 
i^oulis's  Pictures,  by  the  most  admired  Masters,  Lon.,  1776, 
vols.  8vo.  Sold  at  a  great  sacrifice.  The  balance  over 
he  expenses  amounted  to  only  fifteen  shillings.  Respect- 
ng  the  brothers  Foulis,  see  Nichols's  Lit.  Anecdotes ;  Le- 
moine's  Hist,  of  Printing;  Timperley's  Diet,  of  Printers 
and  Printing. 

Foulkes,  E.  S.,  Fellow  and  Tutor  of  Jesus  Coll.,  Oxf. 
Manual  of  Ecclesiastical  History  from  the  1st  to  the  12th 
3ent.  inclusive,  Oxf.,  1851,  8vo.  Mr.  Foulkes's  principal 
authorities  are — Spanheim,  Spondanus,  Mosheim,  Fleury, 
Grieseler,  and  Dbllinger. 

"Mr.  Foulkes  writes  in  a  spirit  of  manly  faith."— Scottish  Eccles. 
rour.,  May,  1852. 

Foulkes,  Martin.    See  FOLKES. 
Foulkes,  Peter,  D.D.     Serm.,  Oxf.,  1723,  4to. 
Foulkes,  Robert.    1.  Alarme  for  Sinners,  Lon.,  1679, 
4to.     2.  His  Confession  and  Life,  1679,  4to.     An  Account 
f  His  Trial  and  Execution  for  Murder  and  Adultery  was 
>ub.  in  the  same  year. 

Fonlston,  J.  Public  Buildings  of  the  West  of  Eng- 
and,  Lon.,  1838,  imp.  4to. 

"  The  noble,  elegant,  and  truly  classical  works  of  this  eminent 
Architect  furnish  admirable  examples  both  of  taste  and  profes- 
ional  skill  in  grappling  with  and  overcoming  some  of  the  difficul- 
ies  of  the  art,  namely,  in  arrangement  and  adaptation." — BRITTON 
and  BRAYLET. 

Fountain,  John.  His  Catechisme,  trans,  by  T.  W., 
Tho.  Wilcox,)  1578,  8vo. 

Fountain,  John.  The  Rewards  of  Vertue;  a  Gome- 
die,  Lon.,  1661, 4to.  Altered  by  Shadwell,  and  represented 
with  success  under  the  title  of  The  Royal  Shepherdess, 
T.  C.,  1669,  4to. 

Fountain,  or  Fountayne,  John,  D.D.,  Dean  of 
York.  Fast  Serm.,  Lon.,  1756,  8vo. 

Fountaine,  Sir  Andrew,  d.  1753,  an  eminent  anti 
quary,  the  friend  of  Dean  Swift  and  other  wits  of  the  age, 
is  commended  for  his  antiquarian  knowledge  by  Montfau- 
con  in  the  preface  to  L'Antiquite'  Expliqu6e.  Swift  often 
mentions  him  in  his  Journal  to  Stella. 

1.  Numismata  Anglo-Saxonica  et  Anglo-Danica  reviter 
illustrata,  Oxon.,  1704,  fol.  Vide  Hickes's  Thesaurus. 
2.  Notes  in  Anglo-Saxonum  Nummosa  D.  Andrea  Foun 
taine  editos,  (ab  Edv.  Thwaites,)  Oxon.,  1708,  8vo.  3.  His 
Case  in  relation  to  a  Bill  under  the  name  of  Sir  Charles 
Holt,  Bart.,  fol. 

Fountaine,  John.     Letter  to  Dr.  Turner  concerning 
the  Ch.  and  the  Revenues  thereof,  Lon.,  1647,  4to.  Anon. 
Fountainhall,  Lord.  Chronol.  Notes  of  Scot.  Affairs, 
1630-1701,  taken  chiefly  from  the  Diary  of  Lord  Foun 
tainhall,  Edin.,  1822,  4to. 

Fountainhall,  Sir  John  Lander,  Lord.  Decisions 
of  the  Lords  of  Council  and  Session,  1678-1712,  Edin., 
1759-61,  2  vols.  fol. 
Four,  Du,  W.     See  DUFOUR. 

Fourestier,  James.     The  Pearle  of  Practise;  or, 
Practiser's  Pearle  for  Physicke  and  Chirurgerie ;  found  out 
by  J.  H.,  (John  Hester,)  a  Spagericke,  or  Distiller,  amongst 
the  learned  obseruations  and  proued  practices  of  many 
expert  men  in  both  faculties,  Lon.,  1594,  4to. 
Fourestier,  Paul.    Serm.,  Lon.,  1758,  8vo. 
Fouruier,  Daniel.  Perspective,  Lon.,  1762, 4to.  This 
is  based  on  the  principles  laid  down  by  Dr.  Brook  Taylor.^ 
Fovargue,  Stephen.     A  new  Cat.  of  Vulgar  Errors," 
Lon.,  1767,  8vo.     Intended  as  a  supplement  to  Dr.  Thomas 
Browne's  work  of  the  same  title. 

Fowke,  John.  Account  of  his  Enquiries  for  Extin 
guishing  Fires,  fol. 

Fowldes,  Wm.     The  Strange  and  Wonderfull  and 
bloudy  Battell  betweene  Frogs  and  Mice ;  a  Poem,  1603, 4to. 
Fowle,  Fulmer  Wm.,  Preb.  of  Salisbury.   1.  Twelve 
Serms.,  Lon.,  1835,  '36,  2  vols.  12mo.    2.  Serms.  on  Faith, 
1845,  12mo.     3.  Memoranda  of  1846,  '47,  fp.  8vo,  1848. 
Fowle,  Thomas.     Almanacks,  1681,  '84, 12mo. 
Fowle,  Wm.,  M.D.     1.  Hurricanes,  &c,  in  W.  Indies, 
Lon.,  1781,  8vo.     2.  Mercury  in  the  Small-Pox,  1793,  8vo, 
3.  Fevers  of  the  W.  Indies,  1800,  8vo. 

Fowler.     Serm.  on  Luke  xxiii.  19,  1699,  4to. 
Fowler,  Christopher,  1611-1676,  a  clergyman  of 
the  Church  of  England,  joined  the  Presbyterians  in  1641, 
and  became  a  noted  preacher,  as  we  shall  presently  see. 


row 

1.  Dsemonium  Meridianum,  1st  Pt.,  1655,  4to ;  2d  Pt., 
1656,  4to.  This  work  relates  to  the  ejection  of  Rev.  John 
Pordage.  2.  Anti-Christian  Blasphemies,  Ac.,  1655,  4to. 
3.  Answer  to  Thos.  Speed,  a  Quaker,  1656.  In  this  he 
was  assisted  by  Simon  Ford.  George  Fox  animadverts 
upon  this  work.  4.  Serin.,  1675,  4to.  5.  A  few  Occasional 
Serms. 

"  A  -very  conceited  and  fantastical  preacher. . . .  For  by  his  very 
many  odd  gestures,  and  antic  behaviour  (unbeseeming  the  serious 
gravity  to  be  used  in  the  pulpit)  he  drew  constantly  to  his  con 
gregation  a  numerous  crowd  of  silly  women  and  young  people,  who 
seemed  to  be  hugely  taken  and  enamour'd  with  his  obstreporous- 
ness  and  undecent  cants." — Athen.  Oxon. 

It  is  to  be  remembered  that  Anthony  Wood  shows  no 
mercy  to  Dissenters ;  especially  such  as  had  left  the 
Church  of  England ;  unless,  indeed,  they  became  Roman 
Catholics.  Mr.  Cooper  describes  Fowler  as 

"  An  able,  holy,  faithful,  indefatigable  servant  of  Christ.  He 
was  quick  in  apprehension,  solid  in  his  notions,  clear  in  his  con 
ceptions,  sound  in  the  faith,  strong  and  demonstrative  in  arguing, 
mighty  in  convincing,  and  zealous  for  the  truth  against  all  errors." 
Fowler,  David  Burton.  The  Prac.  in  the  Ct.  of 
Exch.  upon  Proceed,  in  Equity,  1795 ;  2d  ed.,  1817,  2  vols. 
8vo. 

Fowler,  Edward,  1632-1714,  originally  a  Presby 
terian,  conformed  at  the  Restoration ;  Preb.  of  Gloucester, 
1676;  Bishop  of  Gloucester,  1691.  He  pub.  many  serms. 
and  theolog.  treatises,  the  best-known  of  which  is  The 
Design  of  Christianity,  Lon.,  1671,  8vo;  3d  ed.,  1699,  8vo. 
This  was  attacked  by  John  Bunyan,  and  defended  by  the 
author.  Libertas  Evangelica,  a  sequel  to  the  Design  of 
Christianity,  was  pub.  in  1780.  The  Design,  Ac.  will  be 
found  in  the  6th  vol.  of  Bishop  Watson's  Collec.  of  Theolog. 
Tracts. 

"  This  work  was  first  published  in  1671 :  there  have  been  seve 
ral  editions  of  it  since,  but  not  so  many  as,  from  the  worth  of  it, 
might  have  been  expected." — BISHOP  WATSON. 

Fowler,  George.  1.  Three  Years  in  Persia,  Lon., 
1841,  2  vols.  p.  8vo. 

"  Mr.  Fowler's  volumes  possess  great  interest  for  those  who  love 
to  study  pictures  of  foreign  life." — Lon.  Athenaeum. 

2.  Lives  of  the  Sovereigns  of  Russia,  from  Rurick  to  Nicho 
las:  vols.  i.  and  ii.,  p.  8vo,  1852,  '54;  iii.,  1858:  see  Lon. 
Athen.,  1858, 687. 3.  Hist,  of  the  Ottoman  Empire,1854,p.8vo. 
Fowler,  J.  Hist,  of  the  Troubles  in  Suethland  and 
Poland  which  occas.  the  expul.  of  Sig.  III.,  Lon.,  1656,  fol. 
Fowler,  John,  b.  at  Bristol,  England,  d.  at  Neumark, 
Germany,  1579,  a  learned  English  printer,  educated  at 
and  Fellow  of  New  Coll.,  Oxf.,  reduced  into  a  Compen 
dium  the  Summa  Theologica  of  Aquinas,  wrote  Epigrams 
and  other  verses,  and  engaged  in  some  other  literary 
labours,  1578,  Ac.,  besides  printing  many  books  in  favour 
of  Romanism. 

"  Being  a  zealous  papist,  he  could  not  comport  with  the  Reforma 
tion,  but  conveyed  himself  and  his  press  over  to  Antwerp,  where 
he  was  signally  serviceable  to  the  Catholic  cause,  in  printing  their 
pamphlets,  which  were  sent  over  and  sold  in  England."— Fuller's 
Worthies  of  Bristol. 

"  He  was  well  skill'd  in  the  Greek  and  Latin  tongnes,  a  tolerable 
poet  and  orator,  and  a  theologist  not  to  be  contemn'd.  So  learned 
was  he  also  in  criticisms,  and  other  polite  learning,  that  he  might 
have  passed  for  another  Robert,  or  Henry,  Stephens,  printers  "— 
Athen.  Oxon. 

See  the  above  authorities,  and  Dodd's  Church  Hist., 
vol.  i. 

Fowler,  John,  surgeon  at  Ayton.  Hints  reL  to  re 
covery  of  the  drowned,  Lon.,  1784,  8vo. 

Fowler,  John.     The  Last  Guinea ;  a  Poem,  8vo. 

Fowler,  Orrin  S.  Works  on  Physiology.  Education 
Phrenology,  Ac.,  N.  York,  1848-53,  &c. 

Fowler,  Richard.  Animal  Electricity,  or  Galvanism. 
Edin.,  1793,  8vo. 

Fowler,  Robert.   A  Quaker's  Sea  Journal,  1659, 4to. 

Fowler,  Thomas.     Funl.  Serm.,  Lon.,  1754,  8vo. 

Fowler,  Thomas,  M.D.,  1736-1801,  a  native  of 
York,  England,  practised  at  Stafford  and  York.  1.  Dis- 
sertatio  Medica,  Edin.,  1778,  8vo.  2.  Med.  Reports  of  the 
Effects  of  Tobacco,  1785,  8vo.  3.  Effects  of  Arsenic,  1786, 
8vo.  4.  Effects  of  Blood-letting,  <fcc.,  1795,  8vo.  5.  Con. 
to  Med.  Com.,  1777,  '78,  '94.  6.  Memoirs  Med.,  1792. 

"  Some  idea  of  his  indefatigable  labours  may  be  conceived,  when 
we  mention  that  he  left  in  manuscript  the  history  of  more  than 
six  thousand  cases,  which  fell  under  his  own  inspection  and  treat-  ; 
ment."    See  Rees's  Cyclopoedia. 

Fowler,  W.  The  Eastern  Mirror ;  an  Illust.  of  the 
Scriptures  from  celebrated  Travellers,  Exeter,  1814,  8vo. 
This  is  an  abridgt.  of  Harmer  and  Burder,  with  some  ad 
ditions. 

Fowler,  W.  C.  The  English  Language  in  its  Ele 
ments  and  Forms,  N.  York,  1850,  8vo. 

"  A  work  of  great  elaboration  and  care,  which  carries  the  rela- 


FOX 

tions  of  grammar  to  other  sciences  further  than  is  usual  in  such 
treatises." — Watchman  and  Observer. 

Fowler,  or  Fouler,  Wm.  Answer  to  Hamilton,  1581. 

Fowler,  Wm.  Engravings  of  Mosaic  Pavements  and 
paintings  in  Stained  Glass,  2  vols.  eleph.  fol.,  Winterton, 
York ;  v.  y.  Of  this  beautiful  work  not  forty  copies  were 
completed.  It  is  worth  about  £24.  Mr.  Fowler,  who  was 
originally  a  journeyman  carpenter,  was  emphatically  the 
author  of  this  book ;  for  he  made  the  drawings  and  en 
gravings,  prepared  the  colours,  and  even  made  the  paper 
itself. 

Fowles,  Rev.  James  H.,  1812-1854,  b.  at  Nassau, 
New  Providence,  was  the  son  of  Lt  Henry  Fowles  of  the 
British  Army.  He  graduated  at  Yale  College  in  1831,  and 
about  1833  was  licensed  to  preach  by  the  Presbytery  of 
New  York.  He  subsequently  received  ordination  at  the 
hands  of  Bishop  Bowen  of  S.  Carolina,  and,  after  officiating 
in  several  parishes  in  that  State,  in  1845  accepted  the  rec 
torship  of  the  Church  of  the  Epiphany>  Philadelphia,  then 
recently  vacated  by  the  removal  of  the  Rev.  Dr.  Stephen 
H.  Tyng  to  New  York.  He  here  laboured  with  great  zeal 
until  within  a  few  months  of  his  death,  when  obliged  to 
resign  his  duties  from  ill  health.  1.  Protestant  Epis.  Views 
of  Baptism  Explained  and  Defended,  Phila.,  1846,  18mo. 
2.  Serms.  [30]  preached  in  the  Church  of  the  Epiphany, 
Phila. ;  preceded  by  a  biographical  sketch  of  the  author, 
1855,  8vo. 

"We  should  be  glad  to  make  some  extracts  from  these  sermons, 
but  it  is  about  as  difficult  to  do  this  as  it  would  be  to  substitute 
any  other  language  for  that  of  the  author.  Each  sermon  is  a  piece 
of  solid  masonry.  It  must  be  taken  as  a  whole  to  be  appreciated: 
and.  what  is  uncommon,  there  is  not  a  sermon  in  the  book  which 
will  not  read  better  the  second  time.  For  close  logical  reasoning, 
for  distinctness  of  doctrine,  for  scriptural  style,  and  for  power  of 
thought,  few  sermons  we  have  ever  seen  equal  them."— Prot  Epis 
Qjuar.  Rev.  and  Ch.  Reg.,  N.  York,  April,  1855. 

Mr.  Fowles  also  edited  and  wrote  Introductions  to  Goode's 
Better  Covenant  and  The  Convict  Ship. 

Fownes,  George,  late  Prof,  of  Prac.  Chem.  in  Univ. 
Coll.,  London.  1.  Chemistry  as  exemplifying  the  Wisdom 
and  Beneficence  of  God,  being  the  Actonian  Prize  Essay 
of  100  Guineas,  awarded  by  the  Com.  of  the  Royal  Instit 
of  G.  Brit.,  Lon.,  1844,  p.  8vo;  2d  ed.,  1848,  12mo. 

"  The  field  which  the  author  has  gone  over  is  one  of  the  utmost 
interest.  He  has  embraced  all  the  leading  facts  of  the  subject,  and 
made  them  to  bear  upon  his  principal  argument."— ion.  Athenceum. 

2.  Chemical  Tables,  Lon.,  1846,  sm.  fol.  3.  Introduc  to 
Qualitative  Analysis,  1846,  p.  8vo.  4.  Rudimentary  Che 
mistry,  1848, 12mo.  5.  Manual  of  Elementary  Chemistry 
1844,  fp.  8vo  ;  4th  ed.,  revised,  1852 ;  5th  ed.,  with  addits  , 
edited  by  H.  Bence  Jones,  M.D.,  and  A.  W.  Hofman,  Ph 
D.,  1854;  4th  Amer.  ed.,  by  Robert  Bridges,  M.D.,  Phila., 
1855,  r.  12mo. 

"  An  admirable  exposition  of  the  present  state  of  chemical  sci 
ence,  simply  and  clearly  written,  and  displaying  a  thorough  prac 
tical  knowledge  of  its  details,  as  well  as  a  profound  acquaintance 
with  its  principles.  The  illustrations,  and  the  whole  getting  un 
of  the  book,  merit  our  highest  praise."— Brit,  and  For.  Med.  Rev 

"  One  of  the  best  elementary  works  on  Chemistry  accessible  to 
the  American  and  English  student."— N.  York  Jour,  of  Med.,  March, 

Fownes,  Joseph.    Serms.,  &c.,  Lon.,  1760-90. 

Fownes,  or  Fowns,  Richard,  D.D.,  domestic 
chaplain  to  Prince  Henry,  son  of  James  I.  1.  Concio  ad 
Clerum  Academia  Oxon.,  Lon.,  1606,  4to.  2.  Trisagion  • 
or,  the  Three  Offices  of  Christ,  1619,  4to.  3.  Serm.,  1660 

Fox,  General.  Hist,  of  the  War  in  the  Peninsula 
Lon.,  1837,  3  vols.  8vo. 

"  Without  question,  the  most  eloquent  and  masterly  uicture 
ever  attempted."— Lon.  Monthly  Review. 

Fox,  Abr.  !L.     Surgery,  Lon.,  1656,  8vo. 

Fox,  Bohun.     Self-condemned  Quaker,  1707,  Svo 

Fox,  Charles.    A  Series  of  Poems,  Bristol,  1797,  8vo 

Fox,  Rt.  Hon.  Charles  James,  Jan.  24,  1749- 
Sept.  13,  1806,  second  son.  of  the  first  Lord  Holland  and 
Lady  Georgiana  Carolina,  eldest  daughter  of  Charles 
Duke  of  Richmond,  was  educated  at  Eton,  and  at  Hert' 
ford  Coll.,  Oxf.  He  studied  the  classics  to  great  advan 
tage  under  the  eye  of  the  celebrated  Drs.  Barnard  and 
Newcome,  and  distinguished  himself  by  his  proficiency  in 
the  ancient  languages.  This  taste  and  erudition  he  re- 
tamed  through  life,  as  is  abundantly  evinced  by  his  let 
ters  to  Gilbert  Wakefield  and  his  controversies  with  Dr 
Warton.  In  his  14th  year  he  visited  the  continent,  and 
also  m  1765  and  '66,  where  that  love  of  gaming  was  ac 
quired  which  proved  the  bane  of  his  future  life.  In  1768 
he  took  his  seat  in  Parliament,  and  entered  upon  that 
brilliant  political  career  which  for  a  long  term  of  years 
gave  him  so  commanding  a  position  in  the  eyes  of  the 
world.  As  it  is  in  this  capacity  that  Mr.  Fox  is  princi 
pally  known,  a  detailed  account  of  his  life  will  not  be 

fiOO 


FOX 

expected  in  a  work  devoted  to  authors  and  their  produc 
tions.  It  is  sufficient  that  we  indicate  the  works  where 
fuller  information  can  be  had.  The  student  is  therefore 
referred  to— 1.  Hist,  of  the  Political  Life  and  public  Ser-  ( 
vices  as  a  Senator  and  a  Statesman  of  the  Rt.  Hon.  C.  J. 
Fox,  Lon.,  1783,  8vo.  2.  Memoirs  of  the  Life  of  R.  B. 
Sheridan,  1799,  8vo.  3.  Recollec.  of  the  Life  of  C.  J.  F., 
by  B.  C.  Walpole,  1806,  8vo.  4.  Gent.  Mag.,  Sept.  1806, 
pp.  883-886.  5.  Memoirs  of  the  Public  Life  of  C.  J.  F., 
by  R.  Fell,  1808,  4to.  6.  Lord  Holland's  (his  nephew)  In- 
troduc.  to  C.  J.  F.'s  Hist,  of  the  Early  Part  of  the  Reign 
of  James  II.,  1808,  4to.  7.  Characters  of  the  late  C.  J.  F., 
selected  and  in  part  written  by  Philopatris  Varricensis,  j 
1809,  8vo.  This  work,  principally  a  collection  of  eulogies  , 
upon  Fox,  is  by  Dr.  Samuel  Parr.  See  a  review  of  it  by  j 
the  Rev.  Sydney  Smith,  Edin.  Rev.,  xiv.  353.  8.  Memoirs  | 
of  the  latter  years  of  C.  J.  F.,  1811,  8vo.  Appendix,  same 
year,  by  J.  B.  Trotter.  This  gentleman  was  Mr.  Fox's 
private  secretary.  9.  Sir  S.  E.  Brydges's  ed.  of  Collins's 
Peerage,  1812.  10.  Corresp.  of  C.  J.  F.  with  Gilbert  Wake- 
field,  1796-1801,  1813,  8vo.  See  end  of  this  article. 
11.  Speeches  in  the  H.  of  Commons,  with  an  Introduc.  by 
Lord  Erskine,  1815,  6  vols.  8vo.  12.  Rees's  Cyclopaedia, 
1819.  13.  Occasional  Speeches,  etc.,  1782-1803.  14.  Article 
Fox,  Charles  James,  in  Watt's  Bibl.  Brit.,  vol.  Hi.,  1824. 
15.  Field's  Memoirs  of  Parr,  1828,  2  vols.  8vo.  16.  His 
Speeches,  (Modern  Orator,  vol.  ii.,)  1847,  r.  8vo ;  3d  ed., 
1853.  17.  Select  British  Eloquence,  by  C.  A.  Goodrich, 
D.D.,  N.  York,  1852,  8vo.  18.  Memoirs  and  Corresp.  of 
Francis  Horner,  1853,  2  vols.  8vo.  19.  Memorials  and 
Corresp.  of  C.  J.  F.,  edited  by  Lord  John  Russell,  vols.  i.,  ii., 
iii.,  pub.  to  Dec.  1854.  20.  Hist.  Sketches  of  the  most 
eminent  Orators  and  Statesmen  of  ancient  and  modern 
time,  N.  York,  1855,  8vo.  21.  Article  BURKE,  EDMUND,  in 
Allibone's  Critical  Dictionary  of  English  Literature  and 
Eng.  and  Amer.  Authors,  Phila.,  1859,  imp.  8vo. 

To  these  many  other  works  might  be  added;  such  as 
Wraxall's  Memoirs,  Wilberforce's  Life,  <fcc.,  but  our  list  is 
sufficiently  long  for  most  readers.  In  addition  to  the 
Speeches,  <fcc.  already  referred  to,  Mr.  Fox  is  the  author 
of  some  juvenile  Latin  and  Greek  compositions,  some 
pieces  in  the  New  Foundling  Hospital  for  Wit,  an  Essay 
on  Wind,  of  which  50  copies  were  privately  printed,  political 
pamphlets,  the  14th,  16th,  and  perhaps  some  other  numbers 
of  the  "Englishman,"  pub.  in  1779,  and  a  History  of  the 
Early  Part  of  the  Reign  of  James  II.,  pub.  in  1808,  4to, 
by  his  nephew,  Lord  Holland.  This  is  an  unfinished  pro 
duction,  written  with  great  accuracy,  but  with  such  phara- 
saical  punctiliousness  of  style,  that  the  absence  of  the 
Rerum  copia  verborum  of  Cicero  is  painfully  felt. 

"  He  once  assured  me,  says  Lord  Holland,  that  he  would  admit 
no  word  into  his  book  for  which  he  had  not  the  authority  of 
Dryden." 

This  remark  reminds  us  of  the  elegant,  the  truly  classi 
cal,  compliment  paid  by  Mr.  Prescott  to  Washington  Irving 
in  the  Preface  to  the  History  of  Ferdinand  and  Isabella. 
The  eloquent  historian,  who  has  performed  his  task  in  that 
masterly  manner  which  forbids  all  regret  at  the  selection 
of  his  theme,  remarks  that  had  Mr.  Irving  persevered  in 
a  design  once  entertained  by  him  of  occupying  the  same 
ground,  he  should  have  abandoned  the  field, 

"  If  not  from  courtesy,  at  least  from  policy :  for,  though  armed 
with  the  weapons  of  Achilles,  this  could  give  me  no  hope  of  suc 
cess  in  a  competition  with  Achilles  himself." 

Had  Dryden's  vocabulary  been  at  the  command  of  the 
historian  of  the  Reign  of  James  II.,  we  should  still  have 
lacked  the  magical  charm  which  captivates  the  reader  of 
the  Essay  on  Dramatic  Poesy.  We  may  truly  apply  to 
him  what  he  declares  of  Shakspeare : 

"  Dryden's  magic  could  not  copied  be, 

Within  that  circle  none  durst  walk  but  he." 
In  the  House  of  Commons,  indeed,  Fox  could  display 
the  force  and  beauties  of  the  English  tongue  in  a  manner 
which  Dryden  would  have  gladly  copied ;  but  he  needed 
the  excitement  of  opposition  or  the  stimulus  of  immediate 
applause,  and  sank  in  the  socket  when  there  was  no  one  to 
admire  his  brilliancy.  Dr.  Parr,  whose  admiration  of  Fox 
was  excessive,  and  who  would  have  commended  the  his 
tory  of  Tom  Thumb,  if  recorded  by  the  leader  of  the  New 
Whigs,  is  glad  to  have  a  legitimate  occasion  for  the  ex 
pression  of  his  devout  veneration. 

"  Nothing,"  says  he,  referring  to  Fox's  History  of  James  II., 
"  can  exceed  his  anxious  endeavour  to  discover  the  truth  of  facts 
for  himself,  nor  his  scrupulous  care  to  present  it  fairly  and  fully 
to  his  readers.  In  this  respect,  all  must  own  he  discharged  his 
trust  with  ability  rarely  equalled,  and  with  fidelity  never  sur 
passed." 

Yet  the  work  elicited  Some  Observations,  by  the  Rt.  Hon. 

George  Rose.  1809s  4to,  which  were  answered  in  a  Vindi- 

634 


FOX 

cation  of  Fox's  History,  by  Sergeant  Samuel  Heywood, 
1811,  4to.  There  was  also  pub.,  in  8vo,  a  work  entitled 
Remarks  on  Fox's  History  of  James  II.  We  should  not 
omit  to  state  that,  of  the  History  of  James,  some  copies  were 
pub.  on  large  paper,  4to,  and  some  of  elephant  folio  size. 

"  It  was  also  during  the  early  progress  of  printing  the  first  vol  ume 
of  these  [Typographical]  Antiquities,  at  Mr.  Savage's,  in  Bedford- 
bury,  Covent-Garden,  that  I  used  to  see  the  sheets  of  Mr.  Fox's 
Historical  Work  hanging  up  in  every  direction  through  the  dwell 
ing-house  and  adjacent  yard.  It  will  be  naturally  supposed  that 
five  thousand  copies  of  a  quarto  volume,  with  five  hundred  more 
upon  a  larger  paper,  and  yet  another  two  hundred  and  fifty  of  an 
elephantine  size,  were  not  likely  to  be  carried  through  the  press 
where  the  premises  were  small,  without  seeming  to  suffocate  every 
passage  and  corridor  of  the  building.  .  .  .  [Note.]  It  was  doubtless 
the  boldest  experiment  ever  made  with  a  large  paper  speculation  : 
but  it  succeeded.  In  due  course,  what  at  first  came  forth  as  a  rapid 
and  overboiling  torrent,  at  a  high  price,  subsided  into  a  quiet  chan 
nel,  and  became  obtainable  on  very  moderate  terms.  Yet,  consider 
ing  the  extraordinary  number  of  copies  printed,  I  do  not  consider 
this  book  of  the  commonest  possible  occurrence.  As  the  work  of 
an  AUTHOR  whose  name  can  never  perish,  it  must  necessarily  form 
'  part  and  parcel'  of  every  well-ordered  library.  Why  is  it  not 
classed  in  '  rank  and  file'  with  the  octavo  HUMES,  ROBERTSONS,  and 
GIBBONS?" — Dibdin's  Reminiscences  of  a  Lit.  Life,  vol.  i.,  277. 

"The  topmost  step  [of  Authorship]  .  .  .  may  be  considered  as 
the  tender  of  the  leading  booksellers  of  the  day  to  become  pur 
chasers  (and  of  course  publishers)  of  Mr.  Fox's  Historical  Work, 
when  Mr.  Miller  was  the  fortunate  adventurer  at  the  price  of  FOUR 
THOUSAND  GUINEAS."— Ibid.,  vol.  i.,  185. 

The  octavo  size,  for  which  Dibdin,  the  Bibliomaniac, 
sighed,  can  now  be  obtained.  Fox's  History  was  pub.  in 
an  octayo  vol.  by  Boguo  of  London,  in  1846,  bound  with 
Armand  Carrel's  Revolution  in  England;  again,  1854.  See 
CARREL,  ARMAND. 

A  copy  of  the  elephant  quarto  size  was  illustrated  by  the 
late  Mr.  Gray  of  Harringay  Park,  at  an  expense  of  36 
guineas.  It  is  bound  in  2  vols.  4to.  It  fell  into  the  hands 
of  Mr.  H.  G.  Bohn  of  London,  who  offered  it  at  the  trifling 
price  of  £8  8s. 

This  article  is  already  longer  than  we  can  well  justify, 
yet  we  feel  unwilling  to  conclude  without  quoting  a  few 
lines  of  tribute  to  the  eloquence  of  this  great  orator.  This 
subject  is  ably  treated  by  our  learned  and  excellent  corre 
spondent,  Dr.  C.  A.  Goodrich,  in  his  admirable  work,  already 
referred  to,  entitled  Select  British  Eloquence.  In  this 
volume,  which  should  be  in  every  collection  of  any  pre 
tensions,  will  also  be  found  six  of  Mr.  Fox's  best  speeches. 
Undoubtedly  Fox  owed  much  of  his  success  as  an  orator 
to  the  most  careful  and  elaborate  cultivation  of  his  great 
natural  genius.  He  proposed  to  himself,  as  the  first  object 
of  life,  oratorical  distinction ;  and  by  gradual  ascents  he  at 
length  reached  the  summit.  We  by  no  means  rank  him 
with  Pitt  in  vigour,  or  with  Burke  in  fervour ;  but  in  prompt 
ness,  lucidity,  and  fulness,  Fox  knew  no  superior. 

Burke  describes  him  exactly,  in  those  graphic  lines 
which  excited  the  bitter  indignation  of  meddling,  pompous 
little  Dr.  Parr : 

"  I  knew  him  when  he  was  nineteen ;  since  which  time  he  has 
risen  by  slow  degrees  to  be  the  most  brilliant  and  accomplished 
debater  the  world  ever  saw." 

This  is  it:  he  was  a  brilliant  and  accomplished  debater. 
He  had  on  ordinary  occasions  far  greater  power  over  his 
auditors  than  either  of  his  great  contemporaries  and  rivals. 
He  lacked  the  moral  elevation  and  the  commanding  sway 
of  Pitt,  but  he  knew  better  how  to  touch  the  passions.  He 
had  less  philosophy  than  Burke,  but  he  possessed  far  more 
tact.  In  the  knowledge  of  man  he  was  inferior  to  either, 
but  in  the  knowledge  of  men  he  left  both  far  in  the  rear. 
Their  respective  influence  over  their  auditors  illustrated 
our  distinction.  When  Pitt  thundered  his  anathemas, 
they  hung  their  heads  with  confusion;  when  Burke  ex 
horted  them  by  their  love  of  virtue  and  truth,  they  were 
half  persuaded  to  make  an  alliance  with  virtue ;  but  when 
Fox  arose,  full  of  blandishments  of  voice  and  manner, 
and  instructed  and  amused  them  by  turns,  they  forgot 
their  terror  and  their  repentance,  and  gave  him  their  hearts 
and  their  votes. 

The  discussion  of  the  question,  how  far  the  eloquence 
of  Fox  may  properly  be  compared  with  the  ancient  model, 
to  which  doubtless  he  laboured  to  conform  his  style,  has 
elicited  opinions  so  contradictory,  from  two  great  critics, 
that  we  may  well  decline  to  enter  the  lists. 

"  He  certainly  possessed,  above  all  moderns,  that  union  of  reason, 
simplicity,  and  vehemence,  which  formed  the  prince  of  orators. 
He  was  the  most  Demosthenean  speaker  since  Demosthenes." — SIR 
JAMES  MACKINTOSH. 

But,  says  Lord  Brougham,  in  reference  to  this  dictum, — 
"  There  never  was  a  greater  mistake  than  the  fancying  a  close 
resemblance  between  his  eloquence  and  that  of  Demosthenes." 

In  reviewing  these  rather  antagonistic  opinions,  Dr. 
Goodrich  points  out  ten  characteristics  of  the  oratory  of 
Fox  which  bear  a  striking  resemblance  to  the  well-known 


FOX 

peculiarities  of  Demosthenes,  and  instances  other  points 
in  which  the  dissimilarity  is  quite  as  obvious.  The  clear 
ness  of  intellect  which  distinguished  the  great  English 
orator  did  not  lack  that  prevailing  influence  which  can 
only  be  lent  by  the  warmth  of  the  passions. 

"His  feeling,"  says  Coleridge,  "  was  all  intellect,  and  his  intel 
lect  was  all  feeling." 

"I  have  seen  his  countenance,"  says  Godwin,  "lighten  up  with 
more  than  mortal  ardour  and  goodness ;  I  have  been  present  when 
his  voice  was  suffocated  with  tears." 

In  kindliness  of  temper  and  geniality  of  disposition  in 
private  life  no  man  surpassed  the  indignant  "Thunderer" 
of  the  Commons  of  England.  He  knew  no  animosities 
outside  of  the  lines  of  party  entrenchments. 

"  He  was,"  said  Mr.  Burke,  shortly  after  their  separation,  "a  man 
•who  was  made  to  be  loved." 

Dr.  Franklin,  a  close  observer  of  men  and  manners,  was 
most  favourably  impressed  with  the  appearance  of  sincerity 
and  warmth  which  pervaded  his  whole  character.  In  a 
letter  to  David  Hartley,  dated  "Passy,  6th  Sept.,  1783," 
he  remarks : 

"  Enclosed  is  my  letter  to  Mr.  Fox.  I  beg  you  would  assure  him 
that  my  expressions  of  esteem  for  him  are  not  mere  professions. 
I  really  think  him  a  great  man.  and  I  should  not  think  so,  if  I  did 
not  believe  he  was  at  bottom,  and  would  prove  himself,  a  good  one." 
— Spares  Works  of  franklin,  vol.  x.  1,  2. 

But  alas  !  that  period  never  arrived ;  a  great  man  and 
an  eloquent  orator  Fox  certainly  was ;  but  to  that  highest 
title  which  can  be  proposed  to  man's  loftiest  ambition — a 
GOOD  MAN — the  great  English  statesman  could  lay  no  claim. 

Two  articles  on  Fox,  by  the  Rt.  Hon.  John  Hookham 
Frere,  will  be  found  in  the  Lon.  Quar.  Rev.,  ii.  375,  and 
vi.  518.  See,  also,  articles  by  the  Rev.  Sydney  Smith, 
in  Edin.  Rev.,  xiv.  490,  and  xviii.  325 ;  and  a  review  of 
Fox's  Corresp.  with  Gilbert  Wakefield,  by  the  Earl  of  Dud 
ley,  in  Lon.  Quar.  Rev.,  ix.  313.  See  also  a  review  of 
Fox's  James  II.,  by  Lord  Jeffrey, 'in  Edin.  Rev.,  xii.  271 ; 
and  a  notice  by  Francis  Horner  of  the  French  trans,  of 
this  work,  in  Edin.  Rev.,  xv.  190. 

We  have  referred  to  Dr.  Parr's  enthusiastic  admiration 
for  Mr.  Fox.  We  quote  an  amusing  exemplification  : 

"  When  I  pronounced  the  words  '  Mr.  ft>x  arose,'  Parr  would 
roar  out '  stop!'  and,  after  shaking  the  ashes  out  of  his  pipe,  and 
filling  it  afresh,  he  would  add,  '  Now,  you  dog,  do  your  best.' 

"  In  the  course  of  the  speech,  he  would  often  interrupt  me,  in  a 
tone  of  triumphant  exultation,  with  exclamations  such  as  the  fol 
lowing:  'Capital!' — 'Answer  that,  if  you  can.  Matter  Pitt!'  and  at 
the  conclusion,  'That  is  the  speech  of  the  orator  and  statesman.' " — 
New  Month.  Mag.,  Aug.  1826,  where  will  be  found  many  interesting 
recollections  of  Dr.  Parr. 

"  If  I  were  to  be  asked  what  was  the  nature  of  Mr.  Fox's  elo 
quence,  I  should  answer  that  it  was  only  asking  me  in  other  words 
what  I  understood  to  be  the  character  of  eloquence  itself,  when 
applied  to  the  transactions  of  British  Government  and  Laws." — 
ERSKINE. 

Fox,  C.  J.  Guide  to  Officers  of  Towns,  Concord,  New 
Hamp.,  1843,  12mo. 

Fox,  Edmund.  Enthusiasm;  a  Poem,  with  Notes 
variorum,  <fcc.,  Lon.,  1758,  8vo. 

Fox,  Edward,  d.  1538,  Bishop  of  Hereford,  and 
Almoner  to  Henry  VIII.,  wrote  De  Vera  Differentia  Regiae 
Potestatis  et  Ecclesiastics,  Ac.,  1534,  '38,  (trans,  into  Eng 
lish  by  Henry,  Lord  Stafford,)  Annotations  upon  the 
Mantuan  Poet,  and  an  Oration.  See  Biog.  Brit. ;  Lloyd's 
State  Worthies;  Strype's  Cranmer;  Dodd's  Church  Hist. 

Fox,  Edward.  Formulae  Medicamentorum  Selectse, 
Lon.,  1777,  8vo. 

Fox,  Francis.     Serm.,  Lon.,  1683,  4to. 

Fox,  Francis,  d.  1738,  Vicar  of  Pottern,  Wiltshire, 
and  Preb.  of  Salisbury;  Vicar  of  St.  Mary's,  Reading, 
1726.  1.  Serms.,  1705,  '15,  '27.  2.  Oaths,  1710,  8vo.  3. 
Duty  of  Public  Worship,  1713,  12mo  ;  4th  ed.,  1727.  4. 
N.  Testament  Explained,  1722,  2  vols.  8vo.  New  ed.,  1742. 

"In  this  work  the  references  are  all  given,  in  words  at  full 
length,  under  the  text;  so  that  the  parallel  texts  may  be  all  seen 
at  one  view.  ...  It  contains  also  a  few  notes  on  some  difficult 
passages." — Orme's  Bibl.  Brit. 

"  The  editor  of  this  useful  publication  has  given,  for  the  most 
part,  all  the  references  in  the  last  and  fullest  edition  of  the  Bible, 
together  with  a  great  number  collected  by  himself:  and  has  fur 
ther  added  the  chronology  of  Bishop  Usher,  the  marginal  render 
ings,  and  several  good  notes  on  really  difficult  passages,  together 
with  a  copious  iudex.  The  work  is  now  only  to  be  procured  at  a 
very  high  price." — Home's  Bibl.  Bib. 

Fox,  George,  1624-1690,  the  founder  of  the  Society 
of  Friends  or  Quakers,  was  a  native  of  Drayton,  Leices 
tershire,  where  his  father  followed  the  occupation  of  a 
weaver.  George  was  bound  apprentice  to  a  shoemaker 
and  grazier,  and,  whilst  engaged  in  tending  his  sheep,  en 
joyed  those  opportunities  for  undisturbed  meditation 
which  resulted  in  the  formation  of  that  character  of  solid 
piety  and  religious  zeal  which  eminently  distinguished  his 
future  life.  In  1643  he  abandoned  his  occupation,  and 


FOX 

four  years  later  he  became  an  itinerant  preacher,  re 
buking  sharply  whatever  he  deemed  worthy  of  repre 
hension,  and  often  "holding  forth,"  without  invitation,  to 
congregations  assembled  for  regular  service.  These 
"breaches  of  the  peace"  led  to  frequent  imprisonments, 
involving  great  hardships  and  privations,  which  were 
patiently  submitted  to  by  one  who  was  always  ready  to 
lay  down  his  life  in  defence  of  what  he  believed  to  be  the 
truth.  About  1669  he  was  married  to  Margaret  Fell,  the 
widow  of  Thomas  Fell,  a  Welsh  Judge.  It  will  not  be 
expected  that  we  should  follow  him  in  his  arduous  and 
unremitting  efforts  for  the  benefit  of  his  fellow-beings. 
The  reader  will  find  ample  sources  of  information  in  the 
works  indicated  below.  In  the  course  of  his  public  minis 
trations  he  twice  visited  the  continent,  spent  two  years  in 
assiduous  labours  among  the  American  colonies,  and  re 
peatedly  visited  different  portions  of  Great  Britain.  He 
died  in  London  in  1690,  continuing  his  public  addresses 
until  within  a  few  days  of  his  death.  A  list  of  his  separate 
publications  will  be  found  in  Bibl.  Brit.  His  writings  were 
published  in  three  vols.  fol.,  viz. :  1.  Journal  of  his  Life. 
Travels,  Ac.,  1694,  fol.;  1709,  2  vols.  8vo;  1765,  fol.  2.  Coll 
lection  of  many  Select  and  Christian  Epistles,  Letters,  and 
Testimonies  written  by  George  Fox,  1698.  3.  Gospel  Truth 
Demonstrated  in  a  collection  of  doctrinal  books  given  forth 
by  George  Fox ;  containing  principles  essential  to  Chris 
tianity  and  Salvation  held  among  the  people  called  Qua* 
kers,  1706.  A  new  ed.  of  his  works  has  been  pub.  in  Phila., 
8  vols.  8vo.  See  Sewel's  Hist,  of  the  Quakers;  Neal's 
Puritans ;  Rees's  Cyclopaedia;  Jonah  Marsh's  Life  of  Fox, 
1848, 12mo;  Samuel  M.  Janney's  Life  of  Fox,  with  Disser 
tations  on  his  Views  concerning  the  Doctrines,  Testimonies, 
and  Discipline  of  the  Christian  Church,  Phila.,  1853,  8vo. 

Fox's  Journal  is  a  volume  of  great  interest,  and  has 
been  highly  commended  even  by  those  who  felt  little  sym 
pathy  for  the  author's  religious  peculiarities. 

"  It  is  one  of  the  most  extraordinary  and  instructive  narratives 
in  the  world;  which  no  reader  of  competent  judgment  can  peruse 
without  revering  the  virtue  of  the  writer."— SIR  JAMES  MACKINTOSH. 

"  I  have  read  through  the  ponderous  folio  of  George  Fox.  Pray 
how  may  I  return  it  to  Mr.  Skewell,  at  Ipswich?  I  fear  to  send 
such  a  treasure  by  a  stage-coach ;  not  that  I  am  afraid  of  the  coach 
man  or  the  guard  reading  it,  but  it  might  be  lost.  Can  you  put 
me  in  a  way  of  sending  it  safely  ?  The  kind-hearted  owner  trusted 
it  to  me  for  six  months;  I  think  I  was  about  as  many  days  in  get 
ting  through  it,  and  I  do  not  think  that  I  skipped  a  word  of  it."— 
Charles  Lamb  to  Bernard  Barton,  Feb.  1823. 

The  reader  will  find  a  brief  notice  of  Fox's  labours  in 
Scotland  in  this  Dictionary,  article  BAB  CLAY,  ROBERT.  We 
have  quoted,  in  the  article  referred  to,  William  Perm's 
opinion  of  Robert  Barclay,  and  it  is  but  fitting  that  we 
should  record  the  testimony  of  the  same  eminent  authority 
to  the  excellence  of  the  character  of  George  Fox.  He 
mentions  in  terms  of  warm  commendation  his  meekness, 
humility,  and  moderation;  tells  us  that  he  was 

"  Civil  beyond  all  forms  of  breeding ;  in  his  behaviour  very  tem 
perate,  eating  little,  and  sleeping  less,  though  a  bulky  person.  . .  . 
He  had  an  extraordinary  gift  in  opening  the  Scriptures,  but,  above 
all,  excelled  in  prayer.  The  reverence  and  solemnity  of  his  address 
and  behaviour,  and  the  ferventness  and  fulness  of  his  words,  often 
struck  strangers  with  admiration." 

Fox,  Henry.  1.  New  Diet,  in  French  and  Eng.,  Lon., 
1769,  12mo.  2.  View  of  Univ.  Mod.  Hist.,  476-1648,  trans, 
from  the  French  of  Chev.  Mehegan,  1779,  3  vols.  8vo. 

"  Eloquent  and  animated  style,  and  philosophical  and  impartial 
spirit." 

Fox,  Henry  Richard,  third  Lord  Holland,  nephew 
of  Charles  James  Fox.  1.  Some  Account  of  the  Life  and 
Writings  of  Lope  Felix  de  Vega  Carpio,  Lon.,  1806,  8vo  ; 
2d  ed.,  with  a  Life  of  Guillen  de  Castro,  1817,  2  vols.  8vo. 

"  This  is  evidently  the  work  of  a  person  of  taste  and  intelligence, 
not  much  accustomed  to  write  with  a  view  to  publication.  ~  It  is 
composed  in  an  easy  conversational  style,  with  very  little  of  the 
getting  up  of  authorship,  or  the  parade  of  literary  accomplish 
ments.  It  is  written,  however,  in  a  very  pleasing  and  lively  man 
ner,  and  indicates  great  good  sense  and  liberality  of  sentiment ; 
although  the  want  of  pretension  is  sometimes  carried  the  length 
of  carelessness,  and  the  want  of  method  is  sometimes  productive 
of  considerable  embarrassment." — LORD  JEFFREY  :  Edin.  Rev.,  ix. 
224-242. 

'•'  It  is  a  pleasant  book,  and  contains  a  good  notice  of  both  its 
subjects,  and  judicious  criticisms  on  their  works ;  but  it  is  quite 
as  interesting  for  the  glimpses  it  gives  of  the  fine  accomplishments 
and  generous  spirit  of  its  author,  who  spent  some  time  in  Spain 
when  he  was  about  thirty  years  old,  and  never  afterwards  ceased 
to  take  an  interest  in  its  affairs  and  literature.  ...  An  excellent 
abstract  of  it  [in  the  play  of  The  Star  of  Seville]  in  its  original 
state,  and  faithful  translations  of  parts  of  it,  are  to  be  found  in 
I  Lord  Holland's  Life  of  Lope.  .  .  .  For  notices  of  him  [JovenallosJ 
see.  ...  Lord  Holland's  Life  of  Lope  de  Vega,  1817,  Tom.  II., 
where  is  a  beautiful  tribute  to  him,  worthy  of  Mr.  Fox's  nephew." 
—Ticknor's  Hist,  of  Spanish  Lit.,  2d  ed.,  ii.  121,  205;  iii.  304. 

But  whoever  would  understand  the  Life  and  Times  of 
Lope  de  Vega,  and  indeed  of  Spanish  authors  generally, 


FOX 


FOX 


must  consult  the  invaluable  volumes  of  Mr.  Ticknor  him 
self.  See  TICKNOR,  GEORGE. 

2.  Three  Comedies  from  the  Spanish,  1807,  8vo.  And 
see  article  Fox,  RT.  HON.  CHARLES  JAMES,  No.  6,  and 
HOLLAND,  HENRY  RICHARD  VARRALL,  third  LORD. 

Fox,  J.  1.  Tancred;  a  Tale  of  Ancient  Times,  Lon., 
1T91,  2  vols.  12mo.  2.  Sancta  Maria;  a  Romance,  1787. 

Fox,  or  Foxe,  John,  1517-1587,  the  Martyrologist, 
a  native  of  Boston,  Lincolnshire,  was  educated  at  Bra- 
senose  Coll.,  Oxf.,  where  he  attained  great  distinction  by 
his  extraordinary  acquisitions.  His  love  of  study  he  re 
tained  after  he  had  left  college;  for  we  are  assured  by  his 
son  that  before  he  was  thirty  years  of  age  he  had  read 
over  all  the  Greek  and  Latin  fathers,  the  schoolmen,  and 
the  proceedings  of  councils  and  consistories.  He  received 
the  degree  of  B.A.  in  1538,  and  in  1543  was  elected  Fellow 
of  Magdalen  College.  In  1545  he  was  accused  of  heresy, 
and,  boldly  proclaiming  his  opinions  to  be  in  favour  of  the 
Protestant  Reformation,  he  was  expelled  from  his  college. 
After  supporting  himself  for  some  time  as  a  tutor  in  the 
family  of  Sir  Thomas  Lucy,  of  Warwickshire,  and  subse 
quently  in  the  household  of  the  Duke  of  Norfolk,  he  found 
himself  in  danger  from  the  vigilance  of  Gardiner,  and 
escaped  with  difficulty  to  the  continent.  He  here  medi 
tated  his  great  work — the  Acts  and  Monuments  of  the 
Church,  or  Book  of  Martyrs.  The  first  draft  of  it  was  an 
octavo  volume,  pub.  at  Strasbourg,  1554,  in  Latin,  entitled, 
Commentarii  rerum  in  Ecclesiae  Gestarum,  maximarum- 
que  per  totem  Europam  persecutionem  a  Wiclavi  tempori- 
bus  ad  hanc  usque  as  tat  am  descriptarum ;  in  one  book. 
Reprinted,  with  5  other  books,  at  Basil,  1559,  fol.  On 
the  accession  of  Elizabeth  he  returned  home,  was  pen 
sioned  by  his  former  pupil,  now  fourth  Duke  of  Norfolk, 
and  through  Secretary  Cecil  received  a  prebend  in  the 
Church  of  Salisbury.  No  office  in  the  church  would  have 
been  thought  too  good  for  him,  had  he  been  willing  to 
forget  scruples  to  which  he  adhered  with  self-denying  per 
tinacity.  He  refused  to  subscribe  to  some  of  the  canons, 
and  boldly  petitioned  the  Queen  on  behalf  of  the  German 
Anabaptists.  He  spent  the  rest  of  his  days  in  great  esteem 
for  his  profound  learning,  sincere  piety,  and  unfeigned 
humility,  and  died,  amidst  the  blessings  of  the  nation,  in 
1587,  in  his  70th  year.  He  pub.  a  number  of  theolog. 
treatises,  tables  of  Grammar,  the  Latin  play  of  De 
Christo  triumphante,  &c.,  an  account  of  which  will  be 
found  in  the  authorities  cited  below ;  but  he  is  best  known 
by  the  great  work  already  mentioned — the  Acts  and  Monu 
ments  of  these  latter  and  perilous  dayes,  touching  matters 
of  the  Churche ;  wherein  are  comprehended  and  described, 
the  great  persecutions  and  horrible  troubles  that  have  been 
wrought  and  practised  by  the  Romish  Prelates,  speciallye 
in  this  Realme  of  England  and  Scotlande,  from  the  year 
of  our  Lord  1000,  unto  the  tyme  now  present.  Gathered 
and  collected  accordyng  to  the  true  copies  and  wry  tinges 
certificatorie,  as  well  of  the  parties  themselves  that  suffered, 
as  also  out  of  the  Bishops'  Registers,  which  were  the  doers 
thereof,  Lon.,  1563,  fol.  ;  1583,  fol.  Enlarged,  1570, 
2  vols.  fol. ;  1576,  2  vols.  fol.  j  1612,  '32,  '43,  3  vols.  fol. ; 
1650,  2  vols.  fol. ;  9th  ed.?  1684,  3  vols.  fol. 

Respecting  the  new  editions  of  this  valuable  work,  we 
can  give  nothing  more  to  the  purpose  than  the  following 
extract  from  a  letter  before  us,  written  by  an  eminent 
bibliographer,  who,  having  instructed  our  grandfathers  in 
his  youth,  continues  in  his  advanced  age  to  enlighten  their 
descendants  with  the  results  of  his  pains-taking  researches. 
It  would  indeed  be  difficult  to  estimate  the  value  of  this 
gentleman's  thirty-five  years'  service  in  the  British  Museum. 

"A  new  edition,  superintended  by  the  Rev.  S.  A.  Cattley,  M.A., 
was  published  at  London,  1836-41,  in  8  vols.  8vo;  to  whicli  was 
prefixed  a  Life  of  Foxe,  including  a  vindication  of  his  work  from 
the  attacks  of  Romanists,  by  the  Rev.  George  Townsend,  D.D..  of 
Durham.  This  edition  having  been  severely  criticised,  (and  not 
without  reason.)  a  carefully-revised  and  considerably-improved 
edition  was  published  between  the  years  1846  and  1849.  But  the 
best  edition  of  Foxe's  Acts  and  Monuments  will  be  found  in  the 
Reformation  Series  of  the  Ecclesiastical  Historians  of  England, 
published  at  London,  also  in  8  vols.  8vo,  in  1853  and  following 
years.  The  editors  (the  Rev.  R.  R.  Mendham,  M.A.,  and  Josiah 
Pratt,  Jun.,  MA.)  have  most  carefully  corrected  the  whole  work, 
and  have  verified  the  documents  consulted  by  Foxe.  This  edition 
is  beautifully  and  accurately  printed,  and  is  enriched  with  a 
valuable  Appendix  of  Documents.  Dr.  Townsend's  Life  and  Vindi 
cation  of  Foxe  are  retained,  with  some  corrections."— Thomas 
Hartwdl  Horne,DD.,  to  S.  Austin  Allibone,  British  Museum,  ion- 
dare,  April  25,  1856. 

All  the  other  so-called  Foxe's  Book  of  Martyrs,  edited 
respectively  by  -Milner,  Buckley,  Pratt,  Clarke,  Cobbin, 
Cumming,  Kennedy,  Seymour,  Mrs.  Tonna,  or  any  one 
else,  are  merely  abridgments, — of  more  or  less  value.  Thjp 
first  abridgment,  by  Rev.  Timothy  Bright,  M.D.,  (q.  v.,) 


pub.  in  1581,  and  again  in  1589,  4to,  is  now  a  rare 
book,  but  is  little  valued.  We  have  already  referred 
under  the  appropriate  head  to  the  Rev.  Dr.  Thomas 
Bray's  Martyrology,  or  Papal  Usurpation  and  Persecu 
tion,  1712,  fol.,  intended  as  a  supplement  to  the  Acts  and 
Monuments. 

The  Acts  and  Monuments  received  the  approbation  of 
the  first  three  Archbishops  of  the  Reformed  Church  of 
England,  viz.:  Parker,  Grindal,  (who  assisted  Fox  in  the 
work,)  and  Whitgift.  It  was  ordered  to  be  set  up  in  every 
one  of  the  parish  churches  in  England,  as  well  as  in  the 
common  halls  of  archbishops,  bishops,  deans,  archdeacons, 
and  heads  of  colleges;  and  its  influence  in  keeping  alive 
the  Protestant  feeling  in  Great  Britain  and  North  America 
is  too  well  known  to  be  disputed. 

Without  entering  at  large  into  the  merits  of  the  work, 
it  certainly  would  appear  that,  as  regards  conscientiousness 
of  performance  and  adherence  to  records,  the  faithfulness 
of  the  Book  of  Martyrs  cannot  intelligently  be  questioned, 
For  the  same  reason — abundant  testimony — that  we  be 
lieve  Sir  Thomas  More,  the  Roman  Catholic  Chancellor, 
to  have  been  one  of  the  best  of  men,  do  we  believe  John 
Fox,  the  Protestant  chronicler,  to  have  been  one  of  th« 
most  veracious  of  historians.  As  regards  the  credit  accru 
ing  to  their  respective  communions  from  the  adherence  of 
these  two  great  men,  it  is  to  be  remembered  that  More 
simply  retained  the  bias  of  education  and  habit,  whilsl 
Fox  had  to  overcome  both  of  these  before  he  could  be  a 
Protestant.  Both  were  honest  as  the  sun ;  and  had  Sii 
Thomas  More  presented  us  with  Roman  Catholic  Acts  anc 
Monuments  as  well  attested  as  those  of  John  Fox,  we 
should  have  considered  them  entitled  to  equal  credence 
It  has  been  confidently  declared  that 

"All  the  popish  writers  from  Harpsfield  to  Milner  have  noi 
proved,  and  it  never  will  be  proved,  that  John  Fox  is  not  one  ol 
the  most  faithful  and  authentic  of  all  historians." 

The  testimony  of  the  two  eminent  authorities  subjoinec 
must  have  great  weight  with  those  who  can  appreciate  th< 
value  of  evidence: 

"Mr.  Fox  must  not  go  without  the  commendation  of  a  mos 
painful  searcher  into  records,  archives,  and  repositories  of  origina 
acts  and  letters  of  state,  and  a  great  collector  of  MSS.  All  th( 
world  is  infinitely  beholden  to  him  for  abundance  of  extract; 
thence  communicated  to  us  in  his  volumes.  And  as  he  hatl 
been  found  most  diligent,  so  most  strictly  true  and  faithful  in  hi; 
transcriptions." — STRYPE:  Annals  of  the  Reformation. 

"  Mr.  Fox  hath  very  diligently  and  faithfully  laboured  in  thi 
matter,  [of  Archbishops  and  Metropolitans,]  and  searched  out  th< 
truth  of  it  as  learnedly  as  I  knowe  any  man  to  have  done."— 
ARCHBISHOP  WHITGIFT,  after  he  "  had  read  over  his  Acts  and  Monu 
ments  from  the  one  end  to  the  other."  See  Defence  of  the  Answe: 
to  the  Admonition,  p.  333. 

The  great  Cainden  thus  refers  to  the  Martyrologist  am 
his  work : 

"Ex  eruditorum  numero  obiit  Johannes  Foxus  Oxoniensis,  qu 
Ecclesiastic-am  Anglire  Historiam  sive  Martyrologiam  indefessi 
veritatis  studio,  primum  latine  postea  anglice  auctius,  magna  cun 
laude  contexuit." — Annales  Elizabeth,  p.  558,  edit.  8vo. 

Bishop  Burnet,  a  most  pains-taking  searcher  into  origi 
nal  papers,  thus  sets  his  seal  to  Fox's  conscientiousness  a 
a  historian : 

"  Having  compared  these  Acts  and  Monuments  with  the  records 
I  have  never  been  able  to  discover  any  errors  or  prevarications  ii 
them,  but  the  utmost  fidelity  and  exactness." — Pref.  to  Hist,  q, 
the  Reformation. 

But  faithfulness  in  a  historian  is  one  thing;  infallibility 
is  quite  another  thing;  and  we  doubt  not  at  all  that,  a 
Wood  and  Collier  among  Protestants,  and  many  Romai 
Catholic  commentators,  affirm,  Fox  has,  without  any  inten 
tion  to  deceive,  admitted  exaggerations,  and  even  some 
times  fictions,  which  diminish  the  value,  whilst  they  ad( 
to  the  bulk,  of  a  book  of  great  learning,  research,  and  his 
torical  as  well  as  theological  value. 

But  for  critics,  who  lived  long  after  the  historian  am 
the  historian's  opportunities,  to  pretend  to  know  the  con 
tents  of  records  which  they  never  saw,  is  a  little  more  thai 
absurd:  it  is  foolish  and  impertinent,  and  places  thi 
offender  beyond  the  lines  of  polite  and  intelligent  contro 
versy.  Undoubtedly  Jchn  Fox  was  not  an  infallible  chro 
nicler  nor  a  perfect  man ;  and  if  any  modern  Quixote  seel 
for  a  religionist  without  zeal,  an  advocate  without  parti 
alities,  a  partisan  without  prejudice,  and  a  man  withou 
passions,  he  must  needs  go  altogether  out  of  the  world  fo 
his  Phoenix. 

It  is  much  to  be  said  of  any  man,  in  the  absence  of  al 
perfection,  which  is  recorded  by  Fuller  of  our  historian: 

"Although  the  richest  mitre  in  England  would  have  counte< 
itself  preferred  by  being  placed  upon  his  head,  he  contented  him 
self  with  a  prebend  of  Salisbury.  How  learnedly  he  wrote,  hoi 
constantly  he  preached,  how  piously  he  lived,  and  how  cheerful!; 
he  died,  may  be  seen  at  large  in  the  life  prefixed  to  his  book."- 
Clmrch  History. 


FOX 


FRA 


To  this  life,  written  by  his  son,  and  to  the  authorities 
subjoined  below,  we  refer  the  curious  reader  who  wishes 
to  see  a  specimen  of  that  which  has  been  written  for  and 
against  the  famous  Martyrologist : 

"  Several  of  Fox's  other  works — his  Treatise  on  Justification, 
and  the  Sermons  on  Christ  Crucified,  and  on  Christ  Triumphant 
— are  excellent." — Bickersteth's  C.  S. 

Nor  should  we  omit  to  acknowledge  the  pious  zeal  of 
Fox  in  collecting  the  Works,  appending  thereto  the  Lives, 
of  William  Tyndale,  John  Frith,  and  Robert  Barnes,  1573, 
fol.  He  tells  us  that  he  collected  them  that  they  might 

"  Remain  as  perpetual  samples— shyning  in  the  church  of  Christ 
—to  geeve  light  to  all  posteritie."— See  BARNES,  ROBERT. 

See  Strype's  Annals  and  Lives  of  the  Archbishops,  pas 
sim  ;  Bale ;  Fuller's  Worthies,  and  his  Church  Hist. ;  Athen. 
Oxon. ;  Fox's  MSS.,  Collec.  in  Harleian  MSS.  in  Brit.  Mus.  ; 
Biog.  Brit, ;  Fuller's  Abel  Redivivus;  Churton's  Life  of  No- 
well;  Wordsworth's  Eccl.  Biog.,  Preface,  <fcc.;  Collier's  Eccl. 
Hist. ;  Dodd's  Ch.  Hist. ;  Chalmers's  Biog.  Diet. 

Fox,  John.  1.  Agricult.  of  Monmouth,  Brentf.,  1794, 
4to.  2.  Agricult.  of  Glamorgan,  Lon.,  1796,  4to. 

Fox,  Joseph.     Serm.,  1702,  4to. 

Fox,  Joseph.  Parish  Clerk's  Vade  Mecum,  1778, 
12mo. 

Fox,  Joseph,  of  Roy.  Coll.  of  Surgeons,  pub.  a  num 
ber  of  profess,  and  educational  and  theolog.  works.  The 
following  is  still  in  estimation :  Nat.  Hist,  and  Diseases 
of  the  Human  Teeth,  Lon.,  1803-06,  4to.  Of  this  work 
there  have  been  three  English  eds.  Also  pub.  in  N.  York 
and  Phila.  Remodelled,  with  an  Introduct.,  and  nearly 
two-thirds  of  addit.  matter,  by  Chapin  A.  Harris,  M.D., 
Prof,  in  Baltimore  Coll.  of  Dent.  Surgeons.  With  30 
plates,  Phila.,  sup.-roy.  8vo. 

"A  work  which  we  think  every  dental  student,  and  especially 
practitioner,  should  possess.  The  plates  alone  are  worth  the  price 
of  the  book,  [$5.]" — Amer.  Jour,  of  Dental  Science. 

Fox,  Joseph  Bolton.  Lectures  on  Modern  Socini- 
anism,  1824,  12mo. 

"The  productions  of  a  mind  imbued  with  piety,  and  distin 
guished  by  just  views  of  Evangelical  truth." — Lon.  Evangelical 
Mag. 

Fox,  or  Foxe,  Luke.  Northwest  Fox,  or  Fox  from 
the  Northwest  Passage.  By  Captain  Lvke  Foxe,  of  King- 
stone-vpon-Hull,  Lon.,  1635,  4to. 

"  This  treatise  contains  many  important  facts  and  j  udicious  ob 
servations  on  the  ice,  the  tides,  compass,  northern  lights,  &c." — 
Lowndes's  Bibl.  Man. 

Fox,  M.  C.,  and  B.  C.  Smith.  Reports  of  Cases  in 
Ct.  of  K.  B.  and  Ct.  of  Error,  1822-24,  Dubl.,  1825,  8vo. 

Fox,  Margaret,  wife  of  George  Fox,  the  founder  of 
the  Quakers.  Passages  rel.  to  her  Birth,  Life,  Ac.,  with 
sundry  of  her  Epistles,  &c.,  Lon.,  1710,  8vo.  See  Jan- 
ney's  Life  of  George  Fox,  Phila.,  8vo. 

Fox,  Richard,  d.  1528,  a  native  of  Grantham,  Lin 
colnshire,  educated  at  Magdalen  Coll.,  Oxf.,  was  made 
Bishop  of  Durham  by  Henry  VII.  He  was  subsequently 
translated  to  Winchester.  He  founded  Corpus  Christi 
Coll.,  Oxf.,  with  two  Lectures  for  Greek  and  Latin,  and 
several  free  schools.  1.  The  Contemplacyon  of  Synners, 
Lon.,  1499,  4to.  2.  Letter  to  Cardinal  Wolsey.  See  Chal 
mers's  Hist,  of  Oxf. ;  Life  in  Biog.  Brit. ;  Life  by  Gough 
in  the  Vetusta  Monumenta;  Wood's  Colleges  and  Halls; 
Athen.  Oxon.;  Jortin's  Erasmus;  Chalmers's  Biog.  Diet. 

Fox,  Samuel.  Monks  and  Monasteries,  being  an  ac 
count  of  English  Monachism,  Lon.,  1845,  sm.  8vo.  Other 
works. 

Fox,-W.  J.,  M.P.,  b.  1786,  near  Wrentham,  Suffolk, 
formerly  a  Unitarian  preacher,  is  well  known  as  a  pro 
minent  member  of  the  extreme  liberal  party.  In  1847 
and  1852  he  was  elected  M.P.  for  Oldham.  As  a  periodi 
cal-writer  he  has  been  connected  with  the  Westminster 
Review,  for  which  he  wrote  the  first  article  of  the  first 
number,  and  other  papers;  the  Monthly  Repository,  and 
the  Weekly  Dispatch  newspaper.  1.  Letter  to  Rev.  J.  P. 
Smith,  D.D.,  1813,  8vo.  2.  Funl.  Serm.  on  T.  P.  Powell, 
M.D.,  1816.  3.  The  Life  and  Literary  Remains  of  Charles 
Reece  Pemberton.  Edited  by  John  Fowler,  1843,  8vo. 
4.  Lectures  to  the  Working  Classes.  Vols.  i.-iii.,  1845-49  ; 
vol.  iv.,  1851, 12mo.  5.  On  the  Religious  Ideas,  1849,  8vo. 
New  ed.,  1851,  12mo. 

Fox,  Wm.  1.  Exam,  of  Paine's  Writings,  Lon.,  1793, 
8vo.  2.  Remarks  on  Agricult.  Reports  made  in  1794,  Lon., 
1798,  4to. 

"  The  author  has  selected  well  and  observed  very  acutely."— 
Donaldson's  Agricult.  Biog. 

Mr.  Fox  also  pub.  several  polit.  and  theolog.  works, 
1793-1813. 

Fox,  Wm.  A  Treatise  on  Simple  Contracts,  and  the 
Action  of  Assumpsit,  Lon.,  1842,  12mo. 

"An  admirable  outline  of  the  Law  of  Contracts,  containing  much 


information  in  a  condensed  form." — 6  Jurist,  167 ;  24  Leg.  Obt.. 
102;  Marvin's  Leg.  Bib.,  322. 

Fox,  Wm.,  Jr.  La  Bagatelle;  or,  Delineations  of 
Home  Scenery:  a  Descriptive  Poem,  1801,  8vo. 

Foxcraft,  Alex.     Lett,  to  W.  Davidson,  1803.  8vo. 

Foxcroft,  John.  The  Good  of  good  Gov't  and  a  well- 
founded  Peace,  opened  in  a  Serm.,  Lon.,  1645,  4to. 

Foxcroft,  John.  Serms.,  1695,  '97,  8vo,  12mo,  and  4to. 

Foxcroft,  Thomas,  d.  1769,  aged  72,  a  Congrega 
tional  minister  in  Boston,  Mass.,  graduated  at  Harvard 
Coll.  in  1714.  He  pub.  a  number  of  serms.,  <fcc.,  1718-60, 
for  a  list  of  which  see  Allen's  Amer.  Biog.  Diet.;  Chand 
ler's  Life  of  Johnson. 

"  His  writings  evince  a  clearness  of  perception,  copiousness  of 
invention,  liveliness  of  imagination,  and  soundness  of  judgment." 

Foxell,  John.     1.  Serm.  on  Lord  Nelson,  1806. 

Foxle,  George.  Groans  of  the  Spirit  in  the  Trial 
of  the  Truth  of  Prayer,  Lon.,  1639,  8vo. 

Foxley,  Thomas.     Serm.,  1756,  8vo. 

Foxon,  Wm.  A  Brief  Discovery  rel.  to  the  Infinite 
Being  and  Reigning  of  God  in  Mankind. 

Foxton,  Rev.  Frederick  J.,  perpetual  Curate  of 
Stoke,  Prior,  and  Docklow,  Herefordshire.  Popular  Chris 
tianity,  Lon.,  1849,  p.  8vo. 

"His  book  appears  to  us  to  contain  many  just  and  profound 
views  of  the  religious  character  of  the  present  age,  and  its  indica 
tions  of  progress." — Lon.  Prospective  Rev.,  Nov.  1849. 

Foxton,  Thomas.     Moral  Songs  for  Children,  1728. 

Foxwell,  W.     Primitive  State  of  Adam,  1807. 

Foye,  Rev.  M.  W.  Early  Irish  Church,  2d  ed.,  Lon., 
1845, 12mo.  New  ed.,  1851.  2.  Romish  Rites,  offices  and 
legends.  This  forms  Gibson's  Preservative,  Suppl.  7;  2d 
ed.,  1851,  p.  8vo. 

Foyster,  J.  G.     Serms.,  Lon.,  1826,  8vo. 

Frampton,  Algernon,  M.D.  Robert  Thomas's  Mo 
dern  Practice  of  Physic,  llth  ed.,  Lon.,  1853,  2  vols.  8vo. 

Frampton,  John.  1.  Joyfull  Newes  out  of  the  new 
founde  Worlde,  Lon.,  1577,  '80,  '96,  4to.  From  the  Span 
ish  of  Monardi,  3d  ed.,  printed  with  No.  4.  2.  Ports, 
Creekes,  Bayes,  and  Hauens  of  the  W.  Indies,  from  the 
Castill  tongue,  1578,  4to.  3.  Trans,  of  the  Travels  of 
Marco  Polo,  1579,  4to.  4.  The  Bezoar  Stone,  Ac.,  1580, 
4to.  Printed  with  No.  1.  5.  Arte  of  Navigation,  from 
the  Spanish  of  P.  de  Medina,  1581,  fol. ;  1595,  4to. 

Frampton,  Matthew,  LL.D.    Serms.,  1769,  '76,  4to. 

Frampton,  Th.     Serm.,  1712,  8vo. 

Framton,  G.     Election  for  Dorset,  180Y,  8vo. 

Franchore,  Gabriel,  b.  1786,  at  Montreal.  Travels 
in  Oregon ;  1st  ed.  in  French,  1819-20.  English  trans., 
N.  York,  1854. 

Francillon,  F.  Essay  on  Punctuation,  Lon.,  1842, 
fp.  8vo. 

"A  treatise  which  we  can  safely  recommend.  .  .  .  The  work  also 
bears  evident  marks  of  considerable  learning." — Oxf.  Univ.  Herald. 

See  DAY,  WM.  ;  WILSON,  JOHN. 

Francillon,  John.     Of  a  Scarabaeus,  1795,  4to. 

Francis.     10  Serms.,  1771,  12mo. 

Francis,  Anne,  d.  1800,  an  English  lady.  1.  A  Po 
etical  Trans,  of  the  Song  of  Solomon,  from  the  original 
Hebrew,  Lon.,  1781,  4to. 

"  The  versification  is  smooth  and  lively.  The  plan  of  the  poem 
is  constructed  on  the  principles  of  Harmer's  Outline,  to  whom, 
and  to  Parkhurst,  she  is  indebted  for  many  of  her  notes  and  illus 
trations." — Orme's  Bibl.  Bib. 

"  Her  version  is  elegantly  executed." — Home's  Bibl.  Brit. 

2.  Obsequies  of  Demetrius  Poliorcetes;  a  Poem,  1785, 
4to.  3.  Charlotte  to  Werter,  1788, 4to.  4.  Miscell.  Poems, 
1790,  12mo. 

Francis,  B.  1.  Elegy,  Lon.,  1771,  4to.  2.  Poem, 
1786,  8vo. 

Francis,  C.,  of  Wath.     Serm.,  1788,  8vo. 

Francis,  Charles.  Union  with  Ch.  of  Eng.,  1807, 4to. 

Francis,  Convers.  1.  Life  of  John  Eliot  in  Sparks's 
Amer.  Biog.,  1st  Series,  v.  1.  2.  Life  of  Sebastian  Rale, 
in  2d  Series,  vii.  157. 

Francis,  Eliza  S.  Sir  Willibert  de  Waverley,  or  the 
Bridal  Eve;  a  Poem,  Lon.,  1815,  8vo. 

Francis,  F.     Introduc.  to  Geography,  Lon.,  1812. 

Francis,  F.  J.  Two  Lectures  on  Physical  and  Fos 
sil  Geology,  Lon.,  1839,  p.  8vo. 

"  The  Lectures  are  carefully  corrected,  clearly  written,  and  will 
prove  a  valuable  addition  to  the  existing  elementary  works  on  one 
of  the  most  interesting  and  important  of  the  physical  sciences." — 
Lon.  New  Monthly  Mag. 

2.  Orig.  Designs  for  Churches  and  Chapels,  1841,  imp. 
4to. 

Francis,  George  Hy.  1.  The  Duke  of  Wellington's 
Maxims  and  Opinions,  Lon.,  1845,  8vo. 

"  It  is  the  most  compendious,  the  most  agreeable,  and.  all  things 
considered,  the  best,  book  that  has  been  published  respecting  the 
Duke  of  Wellington."— Lon.  Times. 

627 


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2.  Orators  of  the  Age,  1847,  p.  8vo. 

"No  man  living  has  had  such  admirable  opportunities  of  ob 
serving  our  Parliamentary  orators,  or  has  evinced  so  much  fitness 
for  the  very  delicate  task  of  treating  each  man  after  his  deserts. 
We  commend  the  volume  to  general  attention  for  its  truthfulness, 
its  exceeding  good  taste,  and  its  very  pleasant  style."— Lon.  Pic 
torial  Times. 

3.  Critical  Biographies :    B.  Disraeli ;  the  late  Sir  Ro 
bert   Peel,    1852,    12mo;    Lord    Brougham,    1853,    12mo. 
Opinions  and  Policy  of  the  Rt.  Hon.  Viscount  Palmer- 
ston,  with  Memoir,  1852,  8vo. 

"  This  work  ought  to  have  a  place  in  every  political  library.  It 
gives  a  complete  view  of  the  sentiments  and  opinions  by  which 
the  policy  of  Lord  Palmerston  has  been  dictated  as  a  diplomatist 
and  statesman." 

Francis,  Henry.     Serm.,  Lon.,  1723,  8vo. 

Francis,  J.  G.  Notes  from  a  Journal  kept  in  Italy 
and  Sicily,  1844-46,  with  8  Illust.,  Lon.,  1847,  8vo. 

"  He  [Mr.  Francis]  is  an  active  and  enterprising  traveller.  He 
has  a  good  taste  in  art,  a  keen  relish  for  the  beauties  of  nature,  a 
knowledge  of  history,  acquired  by  reflecting  as  well  as  reading,  an 
observing  eye  for  mankind,  and,  what  is  more,  a  sympathy  with 
them." — Lon.  Spectator. 

Francis,  J.  T.,  M.D.  Change  of  Climate  considered 
as  a  Remedy  in  Dyspeptic,  Pulmonary,  and  other  Chronic 
Affections,  Lon.,  1855,  p.  8vo. 

"  Proceeds  from  the  pen  of  a  well-informed  practitioner  and  an 
accomplished  gentleman,  well  acquainted  with  the  subject  upon 
which  he  treats." — Lon.  Lancet. 

"A  very  meritorious  production." — Lon.  Med.  Times  and  Gaz. 

Francis,  John,  LL.D.,  minister  of  St.  John's,  Nor 
wich.  Serm.,  1746,  4to. 

Francis,  John,  Vicar  of  Lekeham.  1.  Serms.,  1764, 
'66,  '67,  '70.  2.  Reflections  on  David,  1765,  8vo. 

Francis,  John,  LL.D.,  Rector  of  Morley,  Suffolk. 
Serms.,  1773,  2  vols.  12mo. 

Francis,  John.  1.  Hist,  of  the  Bk.  of  England,  Lon., 
1847,  2  vols.  p.  Svo;  3d  ed.,  1848.  2.  Chronicles  and  Cha 
racters  of  the  London  Stock  Exchange,  1849,  8vo. 

"  All  the  great  operations  that  have  taken  place  relating  to  the 
funds,  lotteries,  loans,  bribes,  speculative  manias,  and  panics,  are 
faithfully  delineated;  and  Mr.  Francis  has  brought  together  such 
a  variety  of  interesting  anecdotes  and  historical  facts  as  were  never 
before  collected." — Lon.  Banker's  Mag. 

"  A  volume  at  once  the  most  interesting  and  the  most  terrible 
in  modern  English  literature."— Tail's  Edin.  Mag. 

"  No  romance  whatever  has  yet  been  constructed  from  materials 
of  deeper  interest." — Blackwood's  Mag. 

3.  Hist,  of  the  English  Railway,  1820-45,  1851,  2  vols. 
8vo.  4.  Annals,  Anecdotes,  and  Legends  of  Life  Assurance, 
1853,  p.  8vo. 

Francis,  John  W.,  M.D.,  LL.D.,  one  of  the  most  dis 
tinguished  of  American  physicians  and  men  of  letters,  b. 
1789,  in  the  city  of  New  York,  is  the  son  of  Melchior 
Francis,  a  native  of  Germany,  who  settled  in  America 
about  1784.  The  subject  of  this  memoir  enjoyed  as  a 
youth  the  learned  preceptorship  of  George  Strebeck  and 
John  Conroy,  distinguished  for  their  attainments  in  the 
classical  and  mathematical  departments.  In  1809  he  gra 
duated  at  Columbia  College,  from  which  in  1812  he  re 
ceived  the  degree  of  Master  of  Arts.  In  1807,  whilst  still 
an  under-graduate,  he  commenced  the  study  of  medicine 
under  the  eye  of  the  celebrated  Dr.  Hosack,  and  gained 
the  warm  approbation  of  his  discriminating  tutor  by  his 
assiduous  devotion  to  the  object  of  his  pursuit. 

"  During  the  period  of  his  professional  studies  for  four  collegiate 
years,  he  never  absented  himself  from  a  single  lecture,  nor  attended 
one  without  making  notes  or  abstracts  on  the  subject  taught  by 
the  lecturer." 

What  an  example  is  this  to  the  students  of  the  present 
day,  and  how  great  has  been  the  reward,  in  large  stores  of 
professional  erudition,  in  public  esteem,  and  national  repu 
tation,  of  the  hours  thus  devoted  to  the  acquisition  of  use 
ful  knowledge ! 

In  1811  the  laborious  student  received  from  the  College 
of  Physicians  and  Surgeons  of  N.  York,  organized  in  1807, 
the  degree  of  M.D. :  and,  a  few  months  later,  received  from 
his  old  preceptor,  Dr.  Hosack,  the  offer  of  a  co-partnership 
in  business.  This  flattering  offer  was  indeed  the  highest 
compliment  that  could  be  paid  to  the  talents  and  acquire 
ments  of  the  young  physician,  and  was  of  course  accepted. 
The  connection  thus  formed  lasted  until  1820.  In  1813 
Dr.  Francis  was  appointed  lecturer  on  the  Institutes  of 
Medicine  and  Materia  Medica  in  the  College  of  Physicians 
and  Surgeons  of  New  York,  and  laboured  with  great  zeal 
in  the  discharge  of  his  arduous  duties.  Anxious  to  trans 
plant  to  his  native  soil  whatever  was  valuable  in  the  re 
nowned  medical  schools  of  Europe,  he  left  home  for  a  tour 
in  Scotland,  Ireland,  Holland,  and  France,  and  derived 
profitable  themes  of  meditation  and  practice  from  the 
friendly  converse  of  the  celebrated  Gregory,  Jamieson, 
McCartney,  Denon,  Gall,  Cuvier,  and  other  benefactors 
628 


of  the  science  and  erudition  of  their  race.  The  ardent 
thirst  for  knowledge,  the  acuteness  of  perception,  and 
breadth  of  comprehension,  which  distinguished  the  young 
American,  did  not  escape  the  notice  nor  fail  to  elicit  the 
approbation  of  his  distinguished  European  friends. 

'•A  mind  more  ardent  in  the  pursuit  of  useful  knowledge," 
writes  the  late  Patrick  Colquhoun,  "perhaps  never  existed;  and 
I  have  no  doubt  he  will,  in  a  few  years,  stand  at  the  head  of  his 
profession."  See  Life  of  Eddy,  by  S.  L.  Knapp. 

Upon  the  return  of  the  young  traveller  to  New  York,  he 
was  appointed  Professor  of  the  Institutes  of  Medicine  in 
the  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons;  and,  on  the  death 
of  Dr.  Stringham  in  1817,  succeeded  that  gentleman  in  the 
department  of  Medical  Jurisprudence.  Two  years  later 
he  became  Professor  of  Obstetrics,  in  addition  to  his  former 
duties,  and  held  this  appointment  until  1826,  when  he  re 
signed  at  the  same  time  with  his  colleagues,  Drs.  Hosack, 
Mott,  McNevin,  and  Mitchill. 

A  majority  of  the  professors  who  had  resigned  from  the 
College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons  organized  a  new  in 
stitution  under  the  name  of  Rutgers  Medical  College,  and 
its  success  was  so  great  that  at  the  end  of  four  terms  the 
Legislature  closed  the  doors  of  the  last-named  institution. 
In  the  Rutgers  Medical  College  Dr.  Francis  was  chosen 
Professor  of  Obstetrics  and  Forensic  Medicine,  and  his 
classes  were  crowded  with  students  from  different  parts  of 
the  republic,  attracted  by  his  great  and  growing  reputa 
tion.  For  other  particulars  connected  with  the  life  of  this 
eminent  physician,  useful  citizen,  and  public  benefactor 
in  many  senses,  we  must  refer  the  reader  to  the  source  to 
which  we  are  indebted  for  the  facts  above  stated, — the  bio 
graphy  of  Dr.  Francis  in  the  National  Portrait- Gallery  of 
Distinguished  Americans,  vol.  iv.,  Phila.,  1853,  8vo.  See 
also  New  England  Magazine,  vol.  vii. ;  Griswold's  Prose 
Writers  of  America;  Men  of  the  Time,  N.  York,  1852;  a 
review  of  Dr.  Francis's  literary  works  in  the  Southern 
Quarterly  Review,  xix.  226  ;  and  Knickerbocker  Magazine, 
Aug.  1858,  for  a  sketch  of  Dr.  Francis,  with  a  steel  portrait. 
We  annex  a  list  of  Dr.  Francis's  writings : 
1.  An  Inaugural  Dissertation  on  Memory,  N.Y.,  1811, 
8vo,  pp.  56.  2.  Cases  of  Morbid  Anatomy,  1814,  4to,  pp. 
36.  3.  Letter  on  Febrile  Contagion,  1816,  8vo,  pp.  24. 
4.  Notice  of  Thos.  Eddy,  the  Philanthropist,  1823,  12mo, 
pp.  10.  5.  Dr.  T.  Denman's  Prac.  of  Midwifery,  with 
Notes,  <fcc.,  1825,  8vo.  6.  Address"  before  the  N.Y.  Horti- 
cult.  Society,  1830,  8vo,  pp.  34.  7.  Address  before  the 
Philoxian  Society,  1831,  Svo,  pp.  43.  8.  Letter  on  Cholera 
Asphyxia  of  1832,  Svo,  1832,  pp.  35.  9.  Observations  on 
the  Mineral  Waters  of  Avon,  1834,  Svo,  pp.  36.  10.  Dis 
course  before  the  N.Y.  Lyceum  of  Natural  History,  1841, 
Svo,  pp.  93.  11.  Discourse  before  the  N.Y.  Academy  of 
Medicine,  1847,  Svo,  pp.  112.  12.  Inaugural  Address  be 
fore  the  N.Y.  Academy  of  Medicine,  1848,  Svo,  pp.  23. 
13.  Address  before  the  N.Y.  Acad.  of  Med.  on  the  Election 
of  Prof.  Mott,  1849,  Svo,  pp.  8.  14.  Address  before  the 
Typographical  Society  of  N.Y.  on  Dr.  Franklin,  1850, 
Svo.  15.  Before  do.  on  the  Publishers,  Printers,  and 
Editors  of  N.Y.  In  International  Mag.,  edited  by  Dr. 
Griswold,  1851.  16.  Old  New  York;  or,  Reminiscences 
of  the  Past  Sixty  Years,  N.Y.,  1857,  Svo;  2d  ed.,  enlarged, 
1858,  12mo. 

"Dr.  Francis  writes  as  he  might  hare  told'  the  story  in  suc 
cessive  sittings,  bound  by  no  prearranged  order,  but  letting  each 
name  or  topic  suggest  that  which  succeeds.  The  style  is  collo 
quial, — by  which  we  do  not  mean  slipshod,  but  unartincial,— the 
style  in  which  one  may  talk  who  adds  to  the  fluent  speech  that  is 
the  gift  and  grace  of  nature  the  culture  of  a  scholar  and  a  gentle 
man." — A.  P.  PEABODY,  D.D. :  N.  Amer.  Rev.,  July,  1858. 

Also  reviewed  in  Lon.  Athen.,  July  10,  1858,  No.  1602. 
17.  Numerous  biographical  articles  in  divers  works, 
medical  papers  in  different  journals,  <fcc.  18.  The  Ame 
rican  Medical  and  Philosophical  Register,  1811,  '12,  '13, 
'14,  Svo :  edited  by  David  Hosack,  M.D.,  and  Prof.  John 
W.  Francis,  M.D.  19.  The  N.Y.  Medical  and  Physical 
Journal,  1822,  '23,  '24,  Svo :  edited  by  John  W.  Francis, 
M.D.,  John  B.  Beck,  M.D.,  Jacob  Dyckman,  M.D. 

"  For  forty  years  he  has  been  engaged  in  the  most  active  exer 
cise  of  professional  duties  in  his  native  city.  But  amid  the  inces 
sant  avocations  of  a  large  practice,  Dr.  Francis  has  found  time  to 
manifest  his  interest  in,  and  genius  for,  the  liberal  studies.  In  a 
series  of  able  discourses  delivered  before  various  literary  and  scien 
tific  bodies,  he  has  illustrated  the  value  and  charms  of  horticul 
ture,  the  fine  arts,  American  biography,  history,  and  science.  He 
is  identified  with  the  city  of  New  York  more  prominently  than  any 
individual  in  the  same  professional  sphere.  He  is  always  consulted 
in  questions  of  local  and  personal  interest,  and  his  cooperation  is 
deemed  essential  on  occasions  of  municipal  festivity,  literary  and 
scientific  anniversaries,  and  charitable  enterprises." — Men  o/  the 
Tilne.  N.  York,  1852, 12mo. 

•'In  his  social  character  Dr.  Francis  represents  an  almost  obsolete 
class.  He  is  emphatically  a  New  Yorker  in  his  feelings  and  asso 
ciations.  The  frank  hospitality  of  the  early  colonists  is  combined 
around  his  fireside  with  the  discursive  intercourse  of  the  savant 


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and  the  patriotic  sentiment  of  the  citizen.  In  American  history 
and  Biography  he  is  an  oracle,  and  has  been  an  efficient  member 
of  all  the  institutions  originated  to  advance  the  interests  of  litera 
ture  and  science  in  his  native  city.  With  enlarged  benevolence, 
a  mind  unwearied  in  inquiry,  constant  association  with  men  and 
books,  and  an  ardent  love  of  knowledge  as  well  as  friendship  for 
its  promoters,  Dr.  Francis  finds  time,  even  amidst  the  unceasing 
claims  of  an  extensive  practice,  thus  to  identify  his  name  with  the 
progress  of  the  age  and  the  literature  of  his  country."— National 
Fbrtrait-Gatlery  of  Distinguished  Americans,  vol.  iv.,  1853,  8vo. 

Francis,  Philip.  The  Misdemeanours  of  a  Traytor 
and  Treasurer  discovered;  an  answer  to  C.  Vaughan, 
1644,  4to. 

Francis,  Philip,  d.  1773,  son  of  the  Rector  of  St. 
Mary's,  Dublin,  resided  for  many  years  and  died  in  Eng 
land.  1.  A  Poet,  trans,  of  the  books  of  Horace,  first  pub. 
probably  about  1743;  8th  ed.,  1778,  4  vols.  8vo. 

"The  lyrical  part  of  Horace  never  can  be  properly  translated; 
so  much  of  the  excellence  is  in  the  numbers  and  the  expression. 
Francis  has  done  it  the  best:  I'll  take  his,  five  out  of  six,  against 
them  all."— DR.  SAMUEL  JOHNSON. 

2.  Eugenia;  a  Trag.,  Lon.,  1752,  8vo.  3.  Constantino;  a 
Trag.,'  1753,  8vo. 

"As  a  dramatic  writer  Dr.  Francis  was  not  very  successful; 
having  written  only  two  pieces, which  were  both  coldly  received." 
— Biog.  Dramat. 

4.  Trans,  of  the  Orations  of  Demosthenes,  1753-55,  2 
yols.  4to. 

"  Applauded  as  a  difficult  work  well  executed  and  acceptable  to 
every  friend  of  genius  and  literature;  but  its  success  was  by  nb 
means  correspondent  to  the  wishes  of  the  author  or  his  friends." 

Dr.  Francis  was  at  one  time  supposed  to  be  the  author 
of  the  Letters  of  Junius :  see  JUNIUS. 

See  Chesterfield's  Letters  and  Miscellanies;  Boswell's 
Johnson  ;  Chalmers's  Biog.  Diet. 

Francis,  Sir  Philip,  1740-1S18,  son  of  the  preced 
ing,  was  a  native  of  Dublin,  and  educated  under  the  eye 
of  his  father,  and  at  St.  Paul's  School,  London.  After 
visiting  Portugal  in  1760,  in  company  with  Lord  Kinnoul 
the  British  Envoy,  and  holding  a  clerkship  in  the  War 
Office,  which  he  resigned  in  1772,  he  went  in  1774  to  India, 
where  he  became  a  member  of  the  council  of  Bengal. 
Brought  into  contact  with  that  disgrace  to  the  British 
name — that  man  of  violence  and  blood — Warren  Hastings, 
Francis  opposed  his  measures,  and  a  controversy  ensued 
•which  resulted  in  a  duel,  in  which  the  latter  was  wounded. 
He  returned  to  England  in  1781,  was  chosen  M.  P.  for 
Yarmouth,  Isle  of  Wight,  in  178-1,  received  the  order  of  the 
Bath  in  1806,  and  died  in  1818.  He  pub.  a  number  of 
political  Speeches,  Remarks  on  the  defence  of  Warren 
Hastings,  Letters  on  the  E.  India  Company,  Reflections 
on  the  Currency,  <fcc.,  1784-1814.  These  were  but  of  tem 
porary  interest,  and  are  now  forgotten ;  but  the  name  o 
Sir  Philip  Francis  will  always  occupy  a  prominent  place 
among  literary  men,  in  consequence  of  the  persuasion  en 
tertained  by  many  that  he  was  the  author  of  the  famous 
LETTERS  OP  JUNIUS.  But  this  is  by  no  means  a  settlec 
point,  and  we  think  that  the  claims  put  forward  on  behalf 
of  Sir  Philip  Francis  are  now  less  readily  allowed  than 
they  were  some  twelve  or  fifteen  years  past.  We  do  not 
however,  by  this  remark  intend  to  express  any  opinion  of 
our  own  upon  the  subject.  We  shall  best  discharge  ou 
duty  by  indicating  to  the  reader  the  sources  of  information 
upon  this  famous  controversy.  See  JUNIUS. 

Francis,  Richard.     Maxims  of  Equity,  1729,  '39 

'46.    Amer.  ed.,  by  W.  W.  Hening,  Richmond,  1823)  8vo 

Francis,  Sophia  L.     Novels,  <fcc.,  1803-09. 

Francis,  W.      Farmer's  Assist,   in    computing    the 

value  of  Land,  1808,  12rno;   Franciscus  a  Sancta  Clara 

See  DAVENPORT,  CHRISTOPHER. 

Franck,  Richard.  .1.  Rabbi  Mons;  or  a  Philos 
Treat,  on  the  Origin  of  Things.  Written  in  America,  Lon. 
1687,  8vo.  2.  Northern  Memoirs,  <fec.,  with  the  Contem 
plative  and  Practical  Angler.  Writ  in  1658,  1694,  8vo 
New  ed.,  with  Preface  and  Notes  by  Sir  Walter  Scott 
1821,  8vo. 

Sir  Walter  Scott  humorously  signs  the  preface  as  on 
who  is 

"No  fisher, 
But  a  well-wisher 
To  the  game." 

"  Franck's  contests  with  the  salmon  are  painted  to  the  life,  an 
his  directions  to  anglers  in  that  noble  branch  of  the  art.  which  e? 
ceeds  all  other  uses  of  the  angling-rod  as  much  as  fox-huntin 
exceeds  hare-hunting,  are  generally  given  with  great  judgment. 
— Editor. 

See  Retrosp.  Rev.,  and  Censura  Literaria,  1823,  8vo 
270-294,  1815;  iv.  270-272. 

Francklin.     Two  Discourses,  Lon.,  1683,  4to. 
Francklin, Gracious.  Answer  to  Freeman, 1 648, 4to 
Francklin,  R.    Tractatus  de  Tonis  in  Lingua  Grseca 


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,on.,  1630,  '50,  '73,  8vo;  1633,  12mo.     Repub.,  with  ad 
its,  by  Richardson,  1717,  12mo. 

Francklin,  Thomas,  D.D.   An  Epistle  written  from 
,ucifer  unto  the  persecuting  Popish  Prelates,  1642,  4to. 
Francklin,  Thomas,  1721-1784,  Greek  Prof,  at  Cam- 
ridge,    1730,  preferred  to   the  livings  of  Ware   and  of 
Thundrich,  1757,  and  to  that  of  Brasted  in  1776.  He  pub., 
eparately,  trans,  from   Phalaris,  Cicero,   Sophocles,  and 
Lucian,  1749-81.     Of  this  last  author,  an  eminent  autho- 
ity  remarks : 

"  There  is  a  vein  of  ease  and  pleasantry  in  the  works  of  Lucian 
rbich  I  have  always  thought  inimitable,  nor  do  I  know  any  au- 
hor,  ancient  or  modern,  that  in  this  respect  can  enter  into  com- 
wtition  with  him."— LORD  LYTTELTON. 

He  also  wrote  some  plays,  serms.,  Ac. ;  and  4  vols.  of 
his  scrms.  were  pub.  after  his  death,  viz.,  in  1790. 

"  In  his  sermons,  although  they  have  not  much  pretension  to 
jriginnl  genius,  there  is  an  order  and  perspicuity  in  the  arrange 
ment  of  the  matter,  with  an  elegance  and  propriety  in  the  lan 
guage,  characteristically  free  from  all  affectation,  which  does  great 
lonour  to  the  Doctor's  abilities."— Lon.  Critical  Rev.  See  Biog. 
Drama  t. 

Francklin,  Capt.  Wm.  1.  Observ.  made  on  a  Tour 
from  Bengal  to  Persia  in  1786-87,  Lon.,  1790,  8vo. 

"  The  most  original  and  valuable  portion  of  this  work  relates  to 
'ersia,  especially  the  province  of  Parisian;  it  contains  also  much 
nformation  respecting  Goa,  Bombay,  &c.  M.  Langles  translated 
t  into  French,  and  added  a  learned  memoir  on  Persepolis." — 
Stevenson's  Cat.  of  Voyages  and  Travels. 

2.  The  Lives  of  Comarupa  and  Camalata;  from  the  Per 
sian,  1793,  8vo.  3.  Hist,  of  the  Reign  of  Shah-Aulum, 
1798,  4to.  4.  Plain  of  Troy,  1800,  4to.  5.  Memoirs  of 
George  Thomas,  Calcut.,  1803,  4to;  Lon.,  1805,  8vo.  Con 
tains  some  interesting  particulars  respecting  the  interior 
of  India.  6.  Tracts  on  Ava,  <fcc.,  1810,  8vo. 

Francklyn,  Gilbert.  Works  on  the  Slave  Trade  and 
on  politics,  1789-95. 

Francklyn,  Rev.  Thomas.   Advice,  Ac.,  1756,  8vo. 

Franco,  R.  Solomon.  Truth  springing  out  of  the 
Earth,  1668,  4to ;  1670,  fol.  Refers  to  Christ. 

Frank,  John.     Serm.,  Lon.,  1756,  8vo. 

Frank,  Joseph,  Editor  of  The  Office  of  Bailiff  of  a 
Liberty.  From  the  MS.  of  J.  Ritson,  1811,  8vo. 

Frank,  Mark,  1613-1664,  Archdeacon  of  St.  Alban's, 
1660;  Master  of  Pembroke  Hall,  Camb.,  1662;  Rector  of 
Barley,  1663.  1.  51  Serms.,  Lon.,  1672,  fol. ;  Oxf.,  1849, 
2  vols.  8vo.  2.  Epitome  of  Divinity,  1665.  In  verse. 

Frank,  Thomas.     Letter,  Lon.,  1732,  8vo. 

Frankland,  Mrs.  Leaves  of  Poesy,  Lon.,  1838,  fp.  8vo. 

Frankland,  B.  Outlines  of  Literary  Culture,  Lon., 
1853,  12mo. 

Frankland,  Capt.  Charles  Colville.  1.  Visits  to 
Courts  of  Russia  and  Sweden,  Lon.,  2  vols.  8vo.  2.  Travels 
to  and  from  Constantinople,  1829,  2  vols.  8vo. 

"  His  volumes  teem  with  interest  and  instruction." — Lon.  Sun. 

Frankland,  Rev.  Thomas,  1633-1690,  a  physician 
and  historian,  was  educated  at  and  Fellow  of  Brasenose 
Coll.,  Oxf.  1.  The  Honours  of  the  Lords  Spiritual  asserted, 
Lon.,  1679,  fol.;  Anon.,  but  ascribed  to  him.  2.  Original 
of  Kingly  and  Eccles.  Govt.,  1681,  8vo.  3.  The  Annals  of 
K.  James  I.  and  King  Charles  I.,  1681,  fol. 

"  A  faithful  and  impartial  account  of  the  great  affairs  of  State, 
Parliaments,  &c.,  with  many  proclamations,  addresses,  and  other 
official  documents." 

Frankland,  Sir  Thomas,  Bart.  Cautions  to  Young 
Sportsmen,  Lon.,  1800,  8vo. 

Frankland,  Wm.  Speech  rel.  to  Criminal  Law, 
1811,  8vo.  • 

Franklin.     See  FRANCKLIN. 

Franklin.  Farewell  to  the  World,  with  his  Christian 
Contrition  in  Prison  before  his  Death  :  broad  sheet.  Frank 
lin  was  executed  in  1615  for  poisoning  Sir  Thomas  Over- 
bury. 

Franklin.  Parables  of  our  Lord  illustrated  by  12 
engravings,  fol. 

'•Worthy  of  all  commendation." — Lon.  Art  Journal. 

Franklin,  Andrew.  Farces,  Comedies,  Ac.,  1792- 
1804.  See  Biog.  Dramat. 

Franklin,  Benjamin,  LL.D.,  January  17th,  1706- 
April  17th,  1790,  one  of  the  most  distinguished  of  modern 
philosophers,  was  a  native  of  Boston,  Massachusetts,  where 
his  father,  Josiah  Franklin,  an  emigrant  from  England, 
carried  on  the  business  of  a  tallow-chandler  and  soap 
boiler.  At  the  age  of  eight  years,  Benjamin,  the  youngest 
but  two  of  seventeen  children,  was  sent  to  a  grammar 
school ;  from  which  he  was  removed  in  less  than  a  year  to 
be  placed  ynder  the  tuition  of  George  Brownell,  who  con 
ducted  a  seminary  in  which  writing  and  arithmetic  formed 
the  principal  branches.  His  father  designed  him  for  the 
ministry,  but,  needing  his  assistance  at  home,  withdrew 


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him  from  school  when  only  ten  years  of  age,  and  set  the 
future  philosopher  to  work  at  "cutting  wicks  for  the 
candles,  filling  the  moulds  for  cast  candles,  attending  the 
shop,  going  of  errands,"  ike. 

If  we  at  first  feel  inclined  to  blame  the  father  for  so 
soon  depriving  his  son  of  the  benefits  of  schooling,  we  must 
remember  that  the  good  tallow-chandler  was  straitened  in  ' 
circumstances,  and  had  the  expenditures  of  a  large  family  j 
to  provide  for  from  a  business  probably  incapable  of  much  j 
profitable  extension. 

His  occupation  was  extremely  distasteful  to  him,  and  he  j 
felt  a  strong  inclination  to  exchange  it  for  the  roving  life 
of  a  sailor,  but  paternal  prudence  prevented  the  consum-  | 
mation  of  this  project     His  father  allowed  the  youth  to 
abandon  a  trade  for  which  he  evinced  so  strong  an  aver 
sion,  and  bound  him  apprentice  to  his  brother  James,  who 
had  recently  (in  1717)  returned  from  London,  and  esta 
blished  a  printing-office  in  Boston.     Young  Franklin  soon 
became  an  adept  in  his  new  business,  and  doubtless  was  j 
stimulated  by  the  nature  of  his  duties  to  that  love  for 
reading  which  remained  with  him  through  life. 

Among  his  favourite  works  were  The  Pilgrim's  Pro 
gress,  Plutarch's  Lives,  Burton's  Historical  Collections, 
an  odd  volume  of  The  Spectator,  and  Cotton  Mather's 
Essays  to  do  Good.  The  perusal  of  this  last  work  had  so 
great  an  effect  upon  his  future  life  that  we  shall  be  excused 
for  quoting  from  a  letter  from  Dr.  Franklin,  written  after 
he  had  attained  great  eminence,  to  a  son  of  Cotton  Mather : 
"  When  I  was  a  boy,  I  met  a  book  entitled  Essays  to  do  Good, 
•which  I  think  was  written  by  your  father.  It  had  been  so  little 
regarded  by  its  former  possessor  that  several  leaves  of  it  were  torn 
out,  but  the  remainder  gave  me  such  a  turn  of  thinking,  as  to 
have  an  influence  upon  my  conduct  through  life;  for  I  have  always 
set  a  greater  value  on  the  character  of  a  doer  of  good  than  any 
other  kind  of  reputation :  and  if  I  have  been,  as  you  seem  to  think, 
a  useful  citizen,  the  public  owes  all  the  advantage  of  it  to  that 
book." 

We  may  remark,  as  a  comment  to  the  above,  that  the 
first  edit,  of  the  Essays  to  do  Good  was  pub.  in  1710, 12mo. 
In  1807,  12mo,  it  was  repub.  by  the  Rev.  George  Burder, 
•who  detracted  greatly  from  its  value  by  making  such  altera 
tions  in  the  style  as  he  thought  would  "  render  it  more 
agreeable  to  a  modern  reader," — changing  "many  quaint 
and  obsolete  words  and  phrases  for  others  more  intelligible 
and  pleasant."  This  is  as  intolerable  as  the  modern  ver 
sions  of  Chaucer  and  Spenser.  Carrying  out  this  bright 
idea,  Mr.  Burder  favours  us  with  no  less  than  three  hun 
dred  "improvements"  on  the  first  eighteen  pages!  But 
we  are  happy  to  state  that  the  Massachusetts  S.  School 
Society  have  recently  (Boston,  1845,  18mo)  issued  an  exact 
reprint  of  the  original;  the  latter  is  now  so  scarce  that  a 
copy  was  recently  sold  in  Boston  for  six  dollars.  The  new 
edit,  is  pub.  at  a  low  price,  and  should  be  circulated  by 
thousands  and  tens  of  thousands  through  the  land.  If  the 
whole  of  the  seed  thus  sown  shall  produce  but  one  more 
FRANKLIN,  the  expenditure  will  be  richly  repaid. 

"But  to  return  to  the  subject  of  our  memoir.  Among 
young  Franklin's  first  literary  efforts  were  some  specimens 
of  ballad  poetry,  which  he  printed,  and  sold  himself  in  the 
streets  of  Boston : 

"  One  was  called  The  Light-House  Tragedy,  and  contained  an  ac 
count  of  the  shipwreck  of  Captain  Worthilake  with  his  two  daugh 
ters  ;  the  other  was  a  sailor's  song,  on  the  taking  of  the  famous 
Teach,  or  Blackbeard  the  pirate.  They  were  wretched  stuff,  in 
street-ballad  style;  and  when  they  were  printed,  my  brother  sent 
me  about  the  town  to  sell  them.  The  first  sold  prodigiously,  the 
event  being  recent,  and  having  made  a  great  noise.  This  success 
flattered  my  vanity ;  but  my  father  discouraged  me  by  criticising 
my  performances,  and  telling  me  verse-makers  were  generally  beg 
gars.  Thus  I  escaped  being  a  poet,  and  probably  a  very  bad  one." 
— Autobiography. 

The  autobiography  from  which  we  have  quoted  is,  or 
should  be,  familiar  to  all  of  our  readers,  and  a  repetition 
will  not  be  expected  here.  To  this  work,  and  to  Dr.  Jared 
Sparks's  continuation  of  his  Life,  we  must  refer  the  reader 
for  interesting  particulars  connected  with  the  career  of 
this  extraordinary  man  and  his  important  contributions 
to  human  knowledge.  A  rapid  summary  of  the  principal 
incidents  in  his  life  is  all  that  our  space  will  allow.  In 
1723,  disgusted  with  the  continued  severity  of  his  brother's 
treatment  of  him,  he  removed  to  Philadelphia,  where 
he  obtained  employment  with  a  printer  named  Keimer, 
and  devoted  himself  to  his  business  with  great  industry 
and  intelligence.  Having  made  the  acquaintance  of  Sir 
William  Keith,  then  Governor  of  Pennsylvania,  he  en 
couraged  him  to  establish  a  printing-office  for  himself.  As 
his  father  did  not  second  this  proposal,  Sir  William  sent 
him  to  London  in  1724  to  select  the  proper  stock  for  a  small 
printing-establishment.  Unable  to  accomplish  the  object 
of  his  visit,  he  worked  at  hia  trade  in  London  for  about 


two  years,  and  then  returned  to  Philadelphia.  It  was  whilst 
still  in  London,  in  1725,  that  he  pub.  A  Dissertation  on  Li 
berty  and  Necessity,  Pleasure  and  Pain.  This  essay  in 
troduced  him  to  the  acquaintance  of  Mandeville,  the  author 
of  The  Fable  of  the  Bees.  It  is  not  to  be  doubted  that 
intimacies  with  English  freethinkers  at  this  period,  and 
with  French  deists  and  atheists  at  a  later  stage  of  his  life, 
did  much  to  engender  those  latitudinarian  sentiments  upon 
religious  subjects  which  Franklin  is  known  to  have  enter 
tained.  The  essay  on  Liberty  and  Necessity,  &c.  is  not  to 
be  found  in  any  edition  of  Franklin's  Works.  When  Dr. 
Sparks,  in  1840,  pub.  his  edit.,  this  essay  was  supposed  to 
be  lost;  but  a  copy  has  since  been  discovered  in  England. 
See  (London)  Notes  and  Queries  No.  114,  Jan.  3,  1852; 
Duyckincks'  Cyc.  of  Amer.  Lit.  In  1727  he  entered  into 
partnership  with  a  person  named  Meredith,  and  two  years 
later  wrote  and  published  an  anonymous  pamphlet  on  the 
Nature  and  Necessity  of  Paper  Currency;  which  was  the 
cause  of  an  issue  of  bills  amounting  to  eighty  thousand 
pounds.  In  the  same  year  he  purchased  from  Keimer  the 
Pennsylvania  Gazette,  the  1st  No.  of  which  bears  date  Dec. 
24, 1728.  Franklin  and  Meredith's  first  issue  was  No.  40. 
Through  the  columns  of  this  journal,  and  by  the  agency 
of  the  Junto — a  club  established  by  him  on  his  return 
from  London — the  enterprising  printer  now  controlled 
political  influence  to  no  contemptible  extent.  In  1730 
he  was  married  to  his  old  acquaintance,  Mrs.  Rogers,  for 
merly  Miss  Read,  who  had  been  deserted  by  her  husband; 
and  in  the  same  year  he  founded  the  public  library  in 
Philadelphia.  In  1732  he  first  pub.  Poor  Richard's  Alma 
nac,  which  had  a  great  run — in  several  cases  an  annual 
sale  of  10,000  copies — for  25  years.  Franklin  was  now  a 
prominent  member  of  the  community,  and  in  1736  was 
chosen  Clerk  of  the  Provincial  Assembly;  in  1737  he  be 
came  deputy  postmaster  at  Philadelphia;  and  in  1753 
Postmaster-General  for  British  America.  In  1741  he  pub. 
The  General  Magazine  and  Historical  Chronicle  for  all  the 
British  Plantations  in  America;  in  1742  he  invented  what 
is  still  called  The  Franklin  Stove;  in  the  next  year  he 
originated  The  American  Philosophical  Society;  in  1749 
he  had  the  great  satisfaction  of  establishing  in  Philadel 
phia  an  institution  of  learning,  which,  in  the  maturity  of 
its  age  and  fame,  as  the  University  of  Pennsylvania,  has 
conferred  honour  of  the  most  substantial  kind  upon  the 
country  at  large;  in  1752  he  was  rejoiced  at  the  demon 
stration  of  the  truth  of  his  theory  of  the  identity  of  light 
ning  with  electricity;  in  1754  he  sat  as  a  delegate  in  the 
Congress  of  Commissioners  of  the  Colonies  convened  at 
Albany,  in  expectation  of  a  rupture  with  France ;  the  value 
of  his  suggestions  in  this  assembly,  respecting  articles 
of  union  between  the  colonies,  is  well  known  to  the  student 
of  early  American  history.  Nor  must  we  omit  to  mention, 
among  the  services  rendered  by  Franklin  at  this  period, 
the  important  aid  which  he  rendered  to  Braddock  at  the 
moment  of  extreme  need.  In  1756  we  find  Franklin  com 
manding  in  person  on  the  frontier,  and  ready  to  endure 
any  hardships  or  perils  which  the  nature  of  his  duties 
might  impose.  From  1757  to  1762  he  spent  in  England, 
as  agent  for  Pennsylvania,  (he  was  complimented  by  the 
degree  of  Doctor  of  Laws,  conferred  by  the  Universities  of 
Edinburgh,  Oxford,  and  St.  Andrew's,  and  chosen  Fellow 
of  the  Royal  Society,)  and  in  1764  again  visited  England, 
with  a  petition  for  a  change  in  the  charter.  Whilst  in 
Great  Britain,  he  was  not  forgetful  of  the  interests  of  the 
colonies  at  large,  and  it  was  doubtless  greatly  owing  to  the 
effect  produced  by  his  celebrated  examination  before  the 
Parliament  in  1766  that  the  obnoxious  Stamp  Act  was 
repealed. 

When  the  difficulties  between  Great  Britain  and  her 
colonies  had  been  aggravated  to  a  state  of  open  hostility, 
Franklin  was  elected  a  member  of  the  American  Congress, 
and,  after  signing  the  Declaration  of  Independence,  was 
appointed  Minister  Plenipotentiary  to  France,  where  he 
arrived  in  December,  1776.  His  success  in  enlisting  the 
sympathies  and  substantial  assistance  of  the  French  peo 
ple  in  behalf  of  the  American  colonies  is  well  known.  He 
returned  to  Philadelphia,  September  14,  1785,  at  which 
period  he  had  attained  the  advanced  age  of  80  years,  and 
was  received  with  the  enthusiastic  acclamations  of  a  grate 
ful  nation.  From  the  original  letter  in  the  valuable  col 
lection  of  our -esteemed  friend,  George  P.  Putnam,  of  New 
York,  we  copy  the  following  testimonial  to  the  patriotic 
services  of  the  individual  to  whom  it  is  addressed: 

"  Mount  Vernon,  Sept.  25. 1785. 

"  DEAR  SIR  :  Amid  the  public  gratulation  on  your  safe  return  to 
America,  after  a  long  absence,  and  the  many  eminent  services  you 
had  rendered  it — for  which  as  a  benefitted  person  I  feel  the  obli 
gation — permit  an  individual  to  join  the  public  voice  in  expressing 


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his  sense  of  them;  and  to  assure  you,  that  as  no  one  entertains 
more  respect  for  your  character,  so  none  can  salute  you  with  more 
sincerity  or  with  greater  pleasure  than  I  do  on  the  occasion. 
'I  am — dear  sir, 

"  Your  most  obt. 

"  and  most  Hble.Servt., 

"  G.  WASHINGTON. 
"The  Hon'ble  DOCT.  FRANKLIN." 

He  filled  the  dignified  office  of  President  of  the  Com 
monwealth  of  Pennsylvania  from  1785  to  1788,  and  in 
1787  sat  with  Washington  and  Hamilton  in  the  Federal 
Convention  which  framed  the  Constitution  of  the  United 
States.  His  last  public  act  was  to  sign  his  name,  as  Pre 
sident  of  the  Abolition  Society,  to  a  memorial  to  Congress, 
and  the  last  paper  which  he  composed  was  on  the  same 
subject.  He  died  of  a  disease  of  the  lungs,  after  a  short 
illness,  on  the  17th  of  April,  1790. 

We  have  already  referred  to  the  religious  opinions  of 
this  eminent  philosopher  as  "latitudinarian,"  and  we  know 
not  that  we  could  have  selected  a  better  word.  Nothing 
can  be  fairer,  in  this  connexion,  than  to  quote  his  own 
words',  in  a  letter  to  Dr.  Stiles,  dated  March  9,  1790,  but  a 
few  weeks  before  his  death  : 

"  As  to  Jesus  of  Nazareth,  my  opinion  of  whom  you  particularly 
desire,  I  think  the  system  of  morals  and  his  religion,  as  he  left 
them  to  us,  the  best  the  world  ever  saw,  or  is  likely  to  see ;  but  I 
apprehend  it  has  received  various  corrupting  changes ;  and  I  have, 
with  most  of  the  present  dissenters  in  England,  some  doubts  as  to 
his  divinity." 

"  It  may  not  be  unnecessary  to  remark,  that  if  we  may  credit 
Dr.  Priestley,  Dr.  Franklin  was  not  correct  in  estimating  the  senti 
ments  of  a  majority  of  the  dissenters  in  England." — PRESIDENT 
ALLEN. 

When  Thomas  Paine  proposed  to  publish  his  infamous 
Age  of  Reason,  Franklin  wrote  to  him, 

"  I  would  advise  you  not  to  attempt  unchaining  the  tiger,  but 
to  burn  this  piece  before  it  is  seen  by  any  other  person.  If  men 
are  so  wicked  with  religion,  what  would  they  be  without  it?" 

A  notice,  however  cursory,  of  the  religious  opinions  of 
Benjamin  Franklin,  would  be  hardly  just  if  it  omitted  to 
notice  a  memorable  declaration  made  by  him,  on  an  august 
occasion,  of  his  profound  belief  in  the  overruling  provi 
dence  of  Almighty  God. 

His  celebrated  speech  in  the  Convention  for  forming  a 
Constitution  for  the  United  States,  when  supporting  his 
motion  for  providing  daily  prayer  in  the  Convention,  was 
in  these  words  : 

"  In  the  beginning  of  the  contest  with  Britain,  when  we  were 
tensible  of  danger,  we  had  daily  prayers  in  this  room  for  the  Divine 
protection.  Our  prayers,  sir,  were  heard,  and  they  were  graciously 
answered.  All  of  us  who  were  engaged  in  the  struggle  must  have 
observed  frequent  instances  of  a  superintending  Providence  in  our 
favour-.  To  that  kind  Providence  we  owe  this  happy  opportunity 
of  consulting  in  peace  on  the  means  of  establishing  our  future  na 
tional  felicity.  And  have  we  now  forgotten  this  powerful  friend? 
or  do  we  imagine  we  no  longer  need  His  assistance?  I  have  lived, 
fir,  along  time,  [81  years;]  and  the  longer  Hive  the  more  convincing 
proofs  I  see  of  this  truth,  that  God  governs  in  the  affairs  of  man. 
And  if  a  sparrow  cannot  fall  to  the  ground  without  His  notice,  is 
it  probable  that  an  empire  can  rise  without  His  aid?  We  have 
been  assured,  sir,  in  the  sacred  writings,  '  that  except  the  Lord 
build  the  house,  they  labour  in  vain  that  build  it.'  I  firmly  be 
lieve  this ;  and  I  also  believe  that  without  His  concurring  aid,  we 
shall  succeed  in  this  political  building  no  better  than  the  builders 
of  Babel;  we  shall  be  divided  by  our  little  partial  local  interests; 
our  projects  will  be  confounded;  and  we  ourselves  shall  become  a 
reproach  and  a  by-word  down  to  future  ages.  And  what  is  worse, 
mankind  may  hereafter,  from  this  unfortunate  instance,  despair 
of  establishing  government  by  human  wisdom,  and  leave  it  to 
chance,  war,  or  conquest.  I  therefore  beg  leave  to  move  that 
henceforth  prayers,  imploring  the  assistance  of  Heaven  and  its 
blessing  on  our  deliberations,  be  held  in  this  assembly  every 
morning  before  we  proceed  to  business ;  and  that  one  or  more  of 
the  clergy  of  this  city  be  requested  to  officiate  in  that  service." 

His  death  was  sincerely  mourned  both  in  Europe  and 
America. 

"  Mirabeau  announced  in  the  General  Assembly  of  France  that 
'the  genius  which  had  freed  America,  and  poured  a  flood  of  light 
over  Europe,  had  returned  to  the  bosom  of  the  Divinity.'  '  Every 
where,'  to  use  the  language  of  Rochefoucauld,  '  he  was  the  object 
of  the  regrets,  as  he  had  been  of  the  admiration,  of  the  friends  of 
liberty.'" 

Turgot  celebrated  his  discoveries  in  electricity,  and  his 
labours  in  behalf  of  freedom,  in  the  striking  line  written 
by  him  under  Franklin's  portrait: 

';  Eripuit  coelo  fulmen,  sceptrumque  tyrannis." 
The  history  of  this  celebrated  line  need  not  here  be  re 
peated. 

His  Experiments  and  Observations  on  Electricity,  made 
at  Philadelphia,  [proving  that  lightning  and  electricity 
are  the  same,]  and  communicated  in  several  Letters  to  Mr, 
P.  Collinson  of  London,  were  pub.  in  that  city  in  1751,  '53, 
'54,  3  Pts.  4to.  They  were  not  originally  designed  for 
publication,  but  Collinson  thought  them  too  importan 
to  be  withheld.  The  public  interest  in  these  experiments 
justified  Collinson's  anticipations.  "Nothing,"  says  Priest 


ey,  "was  ever  written  on  the  subject  more  justly  applauded. 
All  the  world,  even  kings,  flocked  to  see  them,  and  retired 
'ull  of  admiration."  They  were  tested  with  eminent  suc 
cess  by  M.  de  Loz,  in  Paris,  by  M.  Beccaria,  in  Turin,  by 
Kichmann,  in  Russia,  and  by  philosophers  in  various  coun 
tries.  Professor  Richmann,  as  if  to  rebuke  his  temerity, 
was  struck  dead,  in  the  midst  of  his  investigations,  by  the 
formidable  element  which  he  had  chosen  for  a  plaything. 
The  4th  edit,  of  bis  letters  and  papers  on  electricity,  en- 
.arged  by  essays  on  various  philosophical  subjects,  appeared 
in  1769,  4to.  This  edit.,  and  the  5th,  which  was  pub.  five 
years  later,  is  supposed  by  Dr.  Sparks  to  have  received 
some  degree  of  attention  From  the  author,  who  was  then 
in  London.  Translations  of  his  writings  were  made  into 
Latin,  French,  Italian,  and  German,  and'  appeared  in  va 
rious  parts  of  Europe.  In  1772  M.  Dubourg  made  a  new 
collection  of  Franklin's  writings,  including  so*me  not  be 
fore  printed,  and  pub.  them  at  Paris,  2  vols.  4to.  In  1779 
another  collection  was  pub.  in  London,  consisting  of  Po 
litical,  Miscellaneous,  and  Philosophical  Pieces.  These, 
few  of  which  were  in  print  before,  were  edited  by  Benja 
min  Vaughan,  an  intimate  friend  and  correspondent  of  the 
author.  In  1787  a  selection  from  the  above  edits,  was  pub. 
in  a  thin  8vo. 

In  1793  there  appeared  in  London  what  is  called  The 
Works  of  Dr.  Franklin,  in  2  vols. ;  in  1798  a  selection  of 
his  pieces  was  pub.  in  Paris,  2  vols.  8vo;  and  in  1806  an 
edition,  superintended  by  a  Mr.  Marshall,  was  issued  in  Lon 
don,  in  3  vols.  8vo.  In  1816-19  edits,  were  pub.  in  Eng 
land  and  the  United  States,  by  William  Temple  Franklin, 
grandson  of  the  author,  and  Mr.  William  Duane  of  Phila 
delphia,  (also  a  descendant  of  Dr.  Franklin,)  first  in  3  vols. 
4to,  (Lon.,)  subsequently  in  6  vols.  8vo,  Lon.,  1818;  also 
in  1833 ;  Phila.,  1818.  The  Phila.  ed.,  in  6  vols.  Svo,  con 
tains  some  papers  and  letters  not  to  be  found  in  the  Lon. 
ed.  It  has  been  reprinted  in  2  vols.  r.  Svo.  There  is  a  Lon. 
ed.  of  his  Life  and  Writings,  1818,  2  vols.  Svo.  There  has 
been  repub.  at  Paris,  in  2  vols.,  a  selection  from  Franklin's 
writings  in  Spanish,  translated  from  the  French  by  Man- 
gino.  Further  particulars  respecting  the  eds.  of  Franklin's 
writings  will  be  found  in  the  Preface  to  Sparks's  ed.,  Bos 
ton,  1836-40,  to  which  we  are  indebted  for  many  of  the 
facts  now  stated.  New  ed.  of  the  same,  thoroughly  revised, 
with  additions  and  new  illustrations,  Phila.,  1858,  10  vols. 
Svo.  This  edition  is  the  only  complete  one,  and  contains 
about  six  hundred  and  fifty  letters  and  miscellaneous 
papers  (more  than  one-third  of  the  whole  bulk  of  the  new 
ed.)  not  to  be  found  in  any  other  collection.  Of  these, 
upwards  of  four  hundred  and  sixty  had  never  been 
printed.  The  Familiar  Letters  of  Franklin,  pub.  in  1833 
by  Dr.  Sparks,  are  included  in  this  ed.,  and  magazines, 
pamphlets,  and  newspapers  have  been  industriously  exa 
mined,  and  no  printed  paper  omitted  which  is  known  to 
have  been  written  by  Franklin.  The  number  of  books, 
papers,  &c. — excluding  letters — is  no  less  than  304 ! 

"  In  classifying  these  materials,  the  following  arrangement  has 
been  adopted : 

"1.  Autobiography. 

"2.  Essays  on  Religious  and  Moral  Subjects  and  the  Economy 
of  Life. 

"3.  Essays  on  General  Politics,  Commerce,  and  Polit.  Economy. 

"  4.  Essays  and  Tracts,  Historical  and  Political,  before  the  Ame 
rican  Revolution. 

"  5.  Political  Papers  during  and  after  the  American  Revolution. 

"  6.  Letters  and  Papers  on  Electricity. 

"  7.  Letters  and  Papers  on  Philosophical  Subjects. 

"8.  Correspondence. 

"  Under  each  head  all  the  articles  have  been  placed  in  the  order 
in  which  they  were  written,  with  the  date  of  each  prefixed  wher 
ever  this  could  be  ascertained.  The  Correspondence  is  also  printed 
in  chronological  order  from  beginning  to  end,  without  regard  to 
the  contents  of  the  letters.  This  method  was  believed  to  be  pre 
ferable  to  any  attempt  at  a  classification,  because  in  numerous  in 
stances  a  single  lettjer  treats  of  various  subjects,  both  of  a  political 
and  of  a  private  nature." — Preface. 

We  need  not  dwell  upon  the  great  value  of  the  learned 
editor's  notes  and  historical  remarks,  which  illustrate  the 
text.  Dr.  Sparks  has  not  forgotten  the  great  importance 
of  a  copious  index  to  a  work  of  this  character — to  a  good 
work  of  any  character.  He  gives  us,  indeed,  no  less  than 
five  indexes,  viz. :  Index.  I.  A  List  of  the  Author's  Writ 
ings,  chronologically  arranged.  II.  Letters  written  by 
Franklin  to  Individuals  and  Public  Bodies.  III.  Letters 
addressed  to  Franklin  by  Various  Persons.  IV.  Miscel 
laneous  Letters.  V.  General  Index. 

Can  any  collector  of  American  history  do  without  such 
a  noble  set  of  volumes  as  this  ? 

As  regards  minor  publications,  Franklin's  autobio 
graphy  has  been  frequently  pub.  in  America  and  England, 
and  we  have  edits,  of  his  Life  by  Holley,  Stanley,  Weems, 

631 


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and  Weld,  and  sundry  compilations  from  his  writings. 
On  this  eminent  philosopher  and  statesman — of  whom  Lord 
Brougham  declares  that  "  his  genius  ranks  him  with  the 
Galileos  and  the  Newtons  of  the  Old  World,"  and  of  whom 
Mirabeau  does  not  scruple  to  assert,  "Antiquity  would 
have  raised  altars  to  this  mighty  genius,"— it  would  be 
easy  to  quote  pages  of  panegyric :  but  our  space  allows 
of  but  brief  citation.  At  the  conclusion  of  this  article, 
however,  we  shall  refer  the  reader  to  other  papers  upon 
the  fertile  themes  of  Franklin  and  his  discoveries. 

«  A  singular  felicity  of  induction  guided  all  his  researches,  and 
by  very  small  means  he  established  very  grand  truths.  The  style 
and  manner  of  his  publication  on  electricity  are  almost  as  worthy 
of  admiration  as  the  doctrine  it  contains.  He  has  endeavoured  to 
remove  nil  mystery  and  obscurity  from  the  subject.  He  has  writ 
ten  equally  for  the  uninitiated  and  for  the  philosopher;  and  he  has 
rendered  his  details  amusing  and  perspicuous,  elegant  as  well  as 
simple.  Science  appears  in  his  language  in  a  dress  wonderfully 
decorous,  best  adapted  to  display  her  native  loveliness.  He  has 
in  no  instance  exhibited  that  false  dignity  by  which  philosophy  is 
kept  aloof  from  common  applications;  and  he  has  sought  rather 
to  make  her  a  useful  inmate  and  servant  in  the  common  habita 
tions  of  man,  than  to  preserve  her  merely  as  an  object  of  admira 
tion  in  temples  and  palaces."— SIB  HUMPHRY  DAVY. 

"This  self-taught  American  is  the  most  rational,  perhaps,  of  all 
philosophers.  He  never  loses  sight  of  common  sense  in  any  of  his 
speculations ;  and  when  his  philosophy  does  not  consist  entirely 
in  its  fair  and  vigorous  application,  it  is  always  regulated  and  con 
trolled  by  it  in  its  application  and  result.  No  individual,  perhaps, 
ever  possessed  a  juster  understanding,  or  was  so  seldom  obstructed 
iu  the  use  of  it  by  indolence,  enthusiasm,  or  authority.  .  .  .  The 
distinguishing  feature  of  his  understanding  was  great  soundness 
and  sagacity;  combined  with  extraordinary  quickness  of  penetra 
tion.  He  possessed  also  a  strong  and  lively  imagination,  which 
gave  his  speculations,  as  well  as  his  conduct,  a  singularly  original 
turn.  The  peculiar  charm  of  his  writings,  and  his  great  merit 
also  in  action,  consisted  in  the  clearness  with  which  he  saw  his 
object,— and  the  bold  and  steady  pursuit  of  it,  by  the  surest  and 
the  shortest  road.  He  never  suffered  himself,  in  conduct,  to  be 
turned  aside  by  the  seductions  of  interest  or  vanity,  or  to  be  scared 
by  hesitation  and  fear,  or  to  be  misled  by  the  arts  of  his  adversa 
ries.  Neither  did  he,  in  discussion,  ever  go  out  of  his  way  in 
search  of  ornament,  or  stop  short  from  dread  of  the  consequences. 
He  never  could  be  caught,  in  short,  acting  absurdly,  or  writing 
nonsensically :  at  all  times,  and  in  every  thing  he  undertook,  the 
vigour  of  an  understanding  at  once  original  and  practical  was 
distinctly  perceivable. 

"But  it  must  not  be  supposed  that  his  writings  are  devoid  of 
ornament  or  amusement.  The  latter  especially  abounds  in  almost 
all  he  ever  composed;  only  nothing  is  sacrificed  to  them.  On  the 
contrary,  they  come  most  naturally  into  their  places ;  and  they 
uniformly  help  in  the  purpose  in  hand,  of  which  neither  writer  nor 
reader  ever  loses  sight  for  an  instant.  Thus,  his  style  has  all  the 
vigour  and  even  conciseness  of  Swift,  without  any  of  his  harsh 
ness.  It  is  in  no  degree  more  flowery,  yet  both  elegant  and  lively. 
The  wit,  or  rather  humour,  which  prevails  in  his  works,  varies  with 
the  subject.  Sometimes  he  is  bitter  and  sarcastic;  often  gay  and 
even  droll;  reminding  us,  in  this  respect,  far  more  frequently  of 
Addison  than  of  Swift,  as  might  naturally  be  expected  from  his 
admirable  temper,  or  the  happy  turn  of  his  investigation.  .  .  . 
Upon  the  whole,  we  look  upon  the  life  and  writings  of  Dr.  Franklin 
as  affording  a  striking  illustration  of  the  incalculable  value  of  a 
Bound  and  well-directed  understanding,  and  of  the  comparative 
nselessness  of  learning  and  laborious  accomplishments.  Without 
the  slightest  pretensions  to  the  character  of  a  scholar  or  man  of 
science,  he  has  extended  the  hounds  of  human  knowledge  on  a 
variety  of  subjects,  which  scholars  and  men  of  science  had  previ 
ously  investigated  without  success;  and  has  only  been  found  de 
ficient  in  those  studies  which  the  learned  have  generally  turned 
from  in  disdain.  We  would  not  be  understood  to  say  any  thing 
In  disparagement  of  scholarship  and  science;  but  the  value  of  these 
instruments  is  apt  to  be  overrated  by  their  possessors :  and  it  is  a 
wholesome  mortification  to  shew  them  that  the  work  may  be  done 
without  them.  We  have  long  known  that  their  employment  does 
not  insure  its  success." — LORD  JEFFREY:  Edin.  Rev.,  viii.  327-344 
xxviii.  275-302,  q.  v. 

These  last  reflections  of  Lord  Jeffrey  hardly  require  a 
serious  answer.  It  were  as  wise  to  say  that  the  American 
Indian,  whose  native  talent  enables  him  to  fashion  his 
canoe  with  a  rude  flint,  could  not  make  a  better  canoe, 
and  sooner  despatch  his  work,  with  the  steel  axe  and  the 
sharp  tools  used  by  his  civilized  neighbour.  Had  Franklin 
been  an  educated  man,  doubtless  he  would  have  been 
enabled  to  add  larger  contributions  to  the  stock  of  human 
knowledge  than  those  which  have  immortalized  his  name. 

See  papers  on  Franklin,  his  Correspondence  and  his 
Discoveries,  in  the  N.  Amer.  Rev.,  vii.  289,  by  A.  Norton  ; 
xxxvii.  249,  by  W.  B.  0.  Peabody ;  lix.  446,  by  Francis 
Bowen  ;  Meth.  Quar.  Rev.,  vii.  101,  by  Wm.  H.  Allen ; 
Lon.  Month.  Rev.,  Ixxxiii.  18,  133,  Ixxxviii.  409,  cxxxii. 
239  ;  Amer.  Month.  Rev.,  iv.  124.  The  reader  must  also 
peruse  John  Foster's  Review  of  Dr.  Franklin's  Private 
Correspondence,  (contrib.  to  the  Lon.  Eclec.  Rev.,  and  re- 
pub,  in  the  collective  ed.  of  his  contribs.  to  that  periodical,) 
and  Edward  Everett's  Boyhood  and  Youth  of  Franklin. 

We  are  glad  to  observe  an  announcement  of  the  intended 
publication  (N.Y.,  1859)  of  Letters  to  Benjamin  Franklin 
from  his  Family  and  Friends :  a  collection  of  about  eighty 


riginal  letters,  1751-90.  These  are  in  the  possession  of 
franklin  Bache,  M.D.,  and  are  being  carefully  copied  and 
annotated  by  Mr.  William  Duane,  (great-grandsons  of  Ben- 
amin  Franklin.)  Edition,  250  copies,  (Svo,  about  250 
>p. :)  10  copies  on  large  paper,  $10  each. 

Franklin,  Eleanor  Ann,  1795-1825,  a  daughter  of 
Mr.  Porden,  architect,  was  married  in  1823  to  Sir  John 
Franklin,  the  unfortunate  navigator.  1.  The  Veils;  or, 
The  Triumph  of  Constancy  ;  a  Poem,  in  six  Books,  Lon., 
1815,  Svo.  2.  The  Arctic  Expedition;  a  Poem,  1818. 
This  poem,  suggested  by  a  visit  to  the  Isabella  and  Alex 
ander,  discovery  ships,  led  to  an  acquaintance  with  Sir 
John  Franklin,  one  of  the  adventurers,  which  resulted  in 
marriage.  3.  Coeur  de  Lion ;  an  Epic  Poem  on  the  third 
Crusade,  1824,  2  vols.  Svo.  Mrs.  Franklin  died  six  days 
after  the  departure  of  her  husband  on  his  second  expedi 
tion.  See  FRANKLIN,  SIR  JOHN. 

Franklin,  J.  Hist,  of  anc.  and  mod.  Egypt,  from  the 
most  authentic  records,  Lon.,  1800,  3  vols.  12mo. 

Franklin,  James.  A  Philos.  and  Polit.  Hist,  of  the 
13  U.  States  of  America,  Lon.,  1784,  12mo. 

Franklin,  James.  Present  State  of  Hayti,  Lon., 
1828,  cr.  Svo. 

"The  statements  concerning  the  productions,  commerce,  re 
sources,  population,  and  government  of  Hayti.  are  minute  and 
particular,  and  were  obtained  Viy  personal  inquiry  during  a  resi 
dence  in  the  West  Indies." — N.  Amer.  Rev. 

Franklin,  Sir  John,  an  eminent  navigator,  b.  1786, 
at  Spilsby,  Lincolnshire,  entered  the  Royal  Navy  as  a 
midshipman  in  1800,  was  present  at  the  battle  of  Trafal 
gar  in  1806  and  the  battle  of  New  Orleans  in  1814,  and 
was  selected  in  1819  to  head  an  expedition  overland  from 
Hudson's  Bay  to  the  Arctic  Ocean.  After  encountering 
great  hardships,  and  very  frequently  at  the  point  of  death 
from  hunger  and  fatigue,  he  reached  home  in  October, 
1822.  In  the  next  year  he  was  married  to  Miss  Porden. 
See  FRANKLIN,  ELEANOR  ANN.  In  1825  he  submitted  to 
Lord  Bathurst  "a  plan  for  an  expedition  overland,  to  the 
mouth  of  the  Mackenzie  river,  and  thence  by  sea,  to  the 
N.  West  extremity  of  America,  with  the  combined  object 
also,  of  surveying  the  coast  between  the  Mackenzie  and 
Copper  Mine  rivers." 

This  proposition  was  accepted,  and,  to  superintend  the 
expedition,  he  embarked  at  Liverpool,  February  16,  1825, 
after  the  "  severe  struggle  of  taking  leave  of  his  wife, 
whose  death,  then  hourly  expected,  took  place  six  days 
after  his  departure." 

After  encountering  great  hardships,  the  moving  masses 
of  ice  forced  the  heroic  sailors  to  retrace  their  steps.  Sep 
tember  1,  1827,  Captain  Franklin  arrived  at  Liverpool, 
married  a  second  time  in  November  of  the  following  year, 
and  in  1829  received  the  honour  of  knighthood.  The  per 
severing  zeal  of  Lady  Franklin  in  stimulating  the  search 
for  Sir  John,  for  ten  years  past,  is  well  known  to  the 
world.  He  was  greatly  disappointed  at  his  unsuccessful 
attempts  to  accomplish  the  object  of  his  voyages ;  remark 
ing,  with  reference  to  his  compulsory  return  in  1827 : 

"  It  was  with  no  ordinary  pain  that  I  could  now  bring  myself 
even  to  think  of  relinquishing  the  great  object  of  my  ambition, 
[the  discovery  of  a  North  West  passage  from  the  Atlantic  to  the 
Pacific  Ocean,!  and  of  disappointing  the  flattering  ho'pes  which  had 
been  reposed  in  my  exertions.  But  I  had  higher  duties  to  perform 
than  the  gratification  of  my  own  feelings,  and  a  mature  considera 
tion  of  all  things  forced  me  to  the  conclusion  that  we  had  reached 
that  point  beyond  which  perseverance  would  be  rashness  and  the 
best  efforts  would  be  fruitless." 

The  Montreal  Gazette  of  Sept.  11,  1822,  remarks  : 
"It  appears  that  the  toils  and  sufferings  of  the  expedition  have 
been  of  the  most  trying  description,  and  that,  if  they  do  not  ex 
ceed  belief,  they  were  at  least  of  such  a  nature  as  almost  to  over 
come  the  stoutest  heart,  and  deter  all  future  attempts  of  a  similar 
tendency." 

But  this  writer  little  knew  the  iron  stuff  of  which  Sir 
John  Franklin  was  made. 

On  the  26th  of  May,  1845,  Sir  John  started  upon  a  third 

expedition,  in  two  ships,  the  Erebus  and  Terror ;  he  was 

heard  from  on  the  26th  of  July  of  the  same  year,  and 

passed  his  first  winter  in  a  cove  between  Cape  Riley  and 

Beechey  Island.      Since  that  period,  many  expeditions 

I  from  England  and  America  have  been  despatched  in  search 

i  of  the  adventurer,  but  it  was  not  until  November,  1854, 

that  news  reached  England  which  leaves  little  doubt  that 

i  the  whole  party  perished  in  the  winter  of  1850-51.     See 

London  Gent,  Mag.,  Nov.  1854,  479;    Dec.,  1854,  594-95. 

Since  the  above  was  written,  we  have  further  intelligence, 

— by  the  return  of  Mr.  James  G.  Stewart's  expedition,  de- 

i  spatched  by  the  British   Hudson's   Bay   Company,    18th 

Nov.,  1854;    arrived  at  St.  Paul,  Minnesota,  10th  Dec., 

1855, — which  places  beyond  all  doubt  the  loss  of  Sir  John 

Franklin  and  his  party.     Some  of  their  shoes,  cooking- 


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utensils,  Ac.,  were  found  among  the  Esquimaux,  who  de-  i 
dared  that  they  had  died  of  starvation. 

By  a  curious  coincidence,  on  the  day  that  we  are  pen 
ning  this  article,  (Oct.  11,  1855,)  the  last  expedition— sent 
specially  in  search  of  Dr.  Kane  and  his  party — which  sailed 
from  New  York  in  June,  1855,  has  arrived  at  home.  The 
explorers  bring  with  them  Dr.  Kane  and  all  of  his  com 
pany  save  three — a  carpenter,  a  cook,  and  a  seaman,  lost 
by  death.  The  remainder  of  the  party  are  more  or  less 
frost-bitten.  Of  the  last  expedition — the  steamer  (pro-  ; 
peller)  Arctic,  Lieut.  Simtns,  and  the  barque  Release,  j 
Lieut.  Hartstene— the  Arctic  (Lieut,  Hartstene  was  on 
board)  made  its  way  north  to  hit.  78°  32',  when  it  was 
stopped  by  the  ice.  The  Advance,  Dr.  Kane's  vessel,  had 
been  pushed  as  far  north  as  possible,  (see  "  Geographical  \ 
Results,"  below,)  when  she  was  frozen  in,  and  of  course 
had  to  be  abandoned.  The  ship's  company  were  found  by 
the  Arctic  and  Release  on  the  island  of  Disco.  They  have 
been  absent  from  home  since  May  31,  1853,  and  are  re 
ceived  with  great  rejoicings.  They  have  made  several 
important  discoveries,  and  added  largely  to  our  knowledge 
of  the  inhospitable  region  the  perils  and  discomforts  of 
which  they  have  so  bravely  encountered.  From  a  state 
ment  in  the  New  York  Tribune  of  Oct.  12,  1855,  we  extract 
the  following  resume  of  the  results  of  Dr.  Kane's  last  voy 
age.  For  an  account  of  his  former  explorations,  see  his 
work  noticed  at  the  end  of  this  article. 

"  GEOGRAPHICAL  RESULTS. 

"I.  Greenland  has  been  followed  and  charted  by  Dr.  Kane  to 
ward  the  Atlantic  with  a  coast-line  pointing  due  north,  until  a 
stupendous  glacier  absolutely  checked  their  progress.  This  mass 
of  ice  rose  in  a  lofty  precipice  five  hundred  feet  high,  abutting  into 
the  sea.  It  undoubtedly  is  the  only  barrier  between  Greenland 
and  the  Atlantic.  It  is  an  effectual  barrier  to  all  future  exploration. 
"This  glacier,  in  spite  of  the  difficulty  of  falling  bergs,  was  fol 
lowed  out  to  sea  by  means  of  sledges ;  the  party  rafting  themselves 
across  open-water  spaces  on  masses  of  ice.  In  this  way  they  suc 
ceeded  in  travelling  eighty  miles  along  its  base,  and  traced  it  into 
a  new  northern  land.  This  glacier  is,  we  believe,  the  largest  ever 
discovered  by  any  navigator. 

"II.  This  new  land  thus  cemented  to  Greenland  by  protruding 
Ice  was  named  Washington.  The  large  bay  which  intervenes  be 
tween  it  and  Greenland  bears  the  name  of  Mr.  Peabody  of  Balti 
more,  one  of  the  projectors  of  the  expedition.  This  icy  connection  of 
the  Old  and  New  World  seems  to  us  a  feature  of  romantic  interest. 
"III.  The  range  of  the  sledge  journeys  may  be  understood  from 
the  fact  that  the  entire  circuit  of  Smith  Sound  has  been  effected 
and  its  shores  completely  charted.  But  the  real  discovery  of  the 
expedition  is  the  open  Polar  sea.  The  channel  leading  to  these 
waters  was  entirely  free  from  ice;  and  this  mysterious  feature  was 
rendered  the  more  remarkable  by  the  existence  of  a  belt  of  solid 
ice  extending  one  hundred  and  twenty-five  miles  to  the  south 
ward.  This  sea  verifies  the  views  of  Dr.  Kane  as  expressed  to  the 
Geographical  Society  before  his  departure.  The  lashings  of  the 
surf  against  the  frozen  beach  of  ice  was  impressive  beyond  descrip 
tion.  Several  gentlemen  with  whom  we  have  conversed  speak  of 
the  matter  as  one  of  peculiar  interest.  An  area  of  three  thousand 
square  miles  has  been  seen,  entirely  free  from  ice.  This  channel 
has  been  named  after  the  Hon.  J.  P.  Kennedy,  late  Secretary  of  the 
United  States  Navy,  under  whose  auspices  the  expedition  was  un 
dertaken. 

"IV.  The  land  to  the  north  and  west  of  this  channel  has  been 
charted  as  high  as  82°  30'.  This  is  the  nearest  land  to  the  Pole 
yet  known.  It  bears  the  name  of  Mr.  Henry  Grinnell,  the  founder 
of  the  enterprise." 

Perhaps  so  long  an  article  on  this  subject,  in  a  Literary 
Dictionary,  is  rather  out  of  place;  but  who  can  resist  being 
led  away  by  such  themes  ?  The  reader  who  desires  to 
pursue  this  interesting  topic  must  refer  to  the  following 
publications: — 1.  Capt.  John  Franklin's  Narrative  of  a 
Journey  to  the  Shores  of  the  Polar  Sea,  1819-22,  with  an 
Appendix  on  various  Subjects  relating  to  Science  and 
Natural  History,  Lon.,  1823,  4to,  pp.  784;  34  Plates,  and 
four  Maps,  £4  4s.  The  Appendix  on  Natural  History  is 
by  Sir  John  Richardson,  Sabine,  Lieut.  Hood,  &c.  The 
Plates  are  beautifully  engraved  by  Finden  (some  of  them 
coloured)  after  drawings  by  Lieuts.  Hood  and  Back.  A 
second  and  third  edit,  were  pub.  in  1824,  both  in  2  vols. 
8vo,  without  the  plates. 

Also  an  ed.  in  Phila.,  8vo,  same  year. 
"The  unstudied  and  seaman-like  simplicity  of  the  style  is  not 
the  least  of  its  merits;  and  the  illustrations  and  embellishments, 
from  the  drawings  of  the  late  unfortunate  Mr.  Hood  and  Mr.  Back, 
are  of  a  very  superior  kind." — Lon.  Quar.  Rev. 

"  A  work  of  intense  and  indeed  painful  interest,  from  the  suffer 
ings  of  those  who  performed  this  journey;  of  value  to  geography 
by  no  means  proportional  to  these  sufferings;  but  instructive  in 
meteorology  and  natural  history." — Stevenson's  Voy.  and  Travels. 
2.  Capt.  John  Franklin's  Narrative  of  a  Second  Expedi 
tion  to  the  Shores  of  the  Polar  Sea,  1825-27;  including 
an  Account  of  the  Progress  of  a  Detachment  to  the  East 
ward,  by  John  Richardson,  M.D.,  F.R.S.,  <fcc.,  Surgeon 
and  Naturalist  to  the  Expedition.  Illustrated  by  numerous 
Maps  and  Plates,  1828,  4to,  pp.  447,  £4  4«.  The  Second 


FRA 

Expedition  has  not  in  England  been  pub.  in  Svo,  but  see 
below. 

"The  views  of  Arctic  Scenery  with  which  this  volume  is  both 
illustrated  and  embellished  are  of  extreme  beauly.  They  supply, 
in  a  great  measure,  the  absence  of  picturesque  description,  and 
delineate,  with  singular  truth,  the  striking  peculiarities  which 
distinguish  the  aspect  of  these  regions  from  that  of  the  temperate 
climates."?- £tft'n.  RRV. 

"It  is  difficult  to  do  sufficient  justice  either  to  the  skill  and 
intelligence  displayed  in  its  conduct,  or  the  information  to  be  de 
rived  from  it." — Amer.  Quar.  Rtv. 

There  is  an  edit.  pub.  in  1829,  Lon.,  4  vols.  18rao,  of  Sir 
John  Franklin's  Two  Journeys  to  the  Shores  of  the  Polar 
Sea  in  1819-27,  with  engravings  by  Finden,  £1.  An  edit, 
of  the  second  expedition  was  pub.  in  Phila.,  1828,  Svo. 

The  reader  must  also  peruse,  1.  Mr.  P.  L.  Simtnonds's 
account  of  Sir  John  Franklin  and  the  Arctic  Regions, 
1851,  12mo;  2d  ed.,  1852,  12mo;  3d  ed.,  1853,  12uio.  2. 
Papers  and  Correspondence  relative  to  the  Arctic  Expedi 
tion  under  Sir  John  Franklin.  Ordered  by  the  House  of 
Commons  to  be  printed,  March  5, 1850-52,  fol.  3.  The  Frank 
lin  Expedition,  or  Considerations  on  Measures  for  the  Dis 
covery  and  Relief  of  our  Absent  Adventurers  in  the  Arctic 
Regions ;  with  Maps,  by  the  Rev.  W.  Scoresby,  D.D.,  1850. 
4.  Arctic  Searching  Expedition  :  a  Journal  of  a  Boat  Voy 
age  through  Rupert's  Land  and  the  Arctic  Sea.  in  Search 
of  the  Discovery  Ships  under  Command  of  Sir  John  Frank 
lin  ;  with  an  Appendix  on  the  Physical  Geography  of 
North  America.  By  Sir  John  Richardson,  M.D.,  F.R.S., 
<fcc.,  Inspector  of  Hospitals  and  Fleets.  Published  by 
Authority  of  the  Admiralty.  With  a  coloured  Map,  seve 
ral  Plates  printed  in  Colours,  and  Woodcuts,  2  vols.  Svo. 

•'Valuable  alike  to  the  scientific  student  or  the  future  wanderer 
over  these  wild  plains,  and  the  lonely  settler  whom  European  en 
terprise  may  locate  among  these  far  distant  tribes.  It  is  a  book 
to  study  rather  than  to  read;  and  yet  so  attractive  in  its  style,  and 
so  instructive  in  its  collation  of  facts,  that  many  will  be  led  to  its 
study  as  a  work  of  science  whilst  merely  engaged  in  its  perusal  as 
a  book  of  travels." — Britannia. 

5.  A  Lecture  on  Arctic  Expeditions,  delivered   at  the 
London  Institution,  by  C.  R.  Weld,  Esq.     Second  edition, 
Map,  p.  8vo. 

"  An  intelligent  general  view  of  the  subject  of  Arctic  Discovery 
from  early  times,  a  rapid  but  well-informed  sketch  of  its  heroes 
and  its  vicissitudes  in  modern  days,  a  hopeful  view  of  the  chances 
of  Franklin's  retun^  and  an  account  of  the  circumstances  of  the 
original  expedition  and  of  the  voyages  in  search,  which  will  be 
read  with  considerable  interest  just  now." — Lon.  Examiner. 

6.  Article  entitled  Attempts  to  find  a  North-West  Pas 
sage,  in  N.  Amer.  Rev.,  Ixix.  1 ;  and  the  following  articles 
on  Sir  John  Franklin  and  the  Arctic  Regions  :  7.  N.  Amer. 
Rev.,  Ixxi.  168.      8.  N.  York  Eclec.  Mag.,  xx.  60.      9,  10. 
Boston  Living  Age,  (from  the  London  Examiner,)  xxiv. 
275  and  279.     Search  for  Sir  J.  F.     11.  Eraser's  Mag.,  xliii. 
198  ;  same  art,  N.  York  Eclec.  Mag.,  xxii.420.  12.  Eraser's 
Mag.,xliv.  502.     13.  Boston  Living  Age,  (from  the  Lon. 
New  Monthly  Mag.,)  xxxi.  291.    Second  Expedition  of  Sir 
J.  F.     14.  Lon.  Quar.  Rev.,  xxxviii.  335.     15,  16.  Lon. 
Month.  Rev.,  cii.  1, 156 ;  cxvii.  1.     17.  South  Rev.,  iii.  261, 
Track  of  Sir  J.  F.     18.  N.  York  Eclec.  Mag.,  xxii.  112. 
Also,  19.  Meares,  J.,  Voyages  made  in  1788-89  from  China 
to  the  North-West  Coast  of  America;  with  Observations 
on  the  Existence  of  a  North-West  Passage,  <fcc.,  maps  and 
plates,  1790,  4to. 

To  the  above  must  be  added,  20.  Dr.  Elisha  Kent  Kane's 
Narrative  of  the  Expedition  in  search  of  Sir  John  Frank 
lin,  N.  York,  1854,  Svo,  the  Voyages  of  Beechey,  Parry  and 
Ross,  Back's  Arctic  Expedition,  Sabine's  North  Georgia 
Gazette,  1821, 4to,  and  A  Souvenir  of  the  late  Polar  Search 
by  the  Officers  and  Seamen  of  the  Expedition,  1852,  Svo. 
Nor  must  the  Historical  Accounts  and  numerous  essays  of 
Sir  John  Barrow  upon  this  subject,  be  overlooked  by  the 
reader.  We  are  promised  another  work  from  Dr.  Kane, 
who,  as  mentioned  above,  has  returned  this  day  from  a 
fruitless  search  after  Sir  John  Franklin.  Upon  the  sub 
ject  of  a  North-West  Passage,  we  append  an  interesting 
paper  from  the  New  York  Herald  of  Oct.  12,  1855. 

"THE  EFFORTS  MADE  TO  DISCOVER  A  NORTH-WEST  PASSAGE. 

"  The  attempt  to  discover  a  north-west  passage  was  made  by  a 
Portuguese  named  Cortereal,  about  A.  D.  1500.  It  was  attempted 
by  the  English  in  1553;  and  the  project  was  greatly  encouraged 
by  Queen  Elizabeth  in  1585.  in  which  year  a  company  was  asso 
ciated  in  London,  and  was  called  the  '  Fellowship  for  the  Discovery 
of  the  North-West  Passage.'  The  following  voyages  with  this  de 
sign  were  undertaken,  under  British  and  American  navigators,  in 
the  years  respectively  stated : 

Sir  Hugh  Willoughby's  expedition  to  find  a  north-west  pas 
sage  to  China  sailed  from  the  Thames May  20,  1553 

Sir  Martin  Frobisher's  attempt  to  find  a  north-west  passage 

to  China 1576 

Captain  Davis's  expedition  to  find  a  north-west  passage 1585 

Barentz's  expedition 1594 

Weymouth  and  Knight's 1602 

633 


ERA 

Hudson's  voyages;  the  last  undertaken I610 

Sir  Thomas  Buttan's 1612 

Baffin's 1616 

Foxe's  expedition 1631 

(A  number  of  enterprises,  undertaken  by  various  countries, 
followed.)  V 

Middleton's  expedition.- 1742 

Moore's  and  Smith's 1746 

Fearne's  laud  expedition 1"69 

Captain  Phipps,  afterwards  Lord  Mulgrave,  his  expedition....  17(3 

Captain  Cook,  in  the  Resolution  and  Discovery July,  1776 

Mackenzie's  expedition 1J89 

Captain  Duncan's  voyage 1790 

The  Discovery.  Captain  Vancouver,  returned  from  a  voyage 
of  survey  and  discovery  on  the  north-west  coast  of  Ame- 

rica ; Sept.  24,  1795 

Lieut.  Kotzebue's  expedition Oct.  1815 

Captain  Buchan's  and  Lieut.  Franklin's  expedition  in  the 

Dorothea  and  Trent 1818 

Captain  Ross  and  Lieut.  Parry,  in  the  Isabella  and  Alexander  1818 

Lieuts.  Parry  and  Liddon,  in  the  Hecla  and  Griper May  4,  1819 

They  return  to  Leith Nov.  3,  1820 

Capts.  Parry  and  Lyon.  in  the  Fury  and  Hecla May  8,  18'21 

Capt.  Parry's  third  expedition  with  the  Hecla May  8,  1824 

Capts.  Franklin  and  Lyon,  after  having  attempted  a  land  ex 
pedition,  again  sail  from  Liverpool Feb.  16,  1825 

Capt.  Parry,  again  in  the  Hecla,  sails  from  Deptford...March  25,  1827 

And  returns Oct.  6,  1827 

Captain  Ross  arrived  at  Hull,  on  his  return  from  his  Arctic 
expedition,  after  an  absence  of  four  years,  and  when  all 

hope  of  his  return  had  been  nearly  abandoned Oct.  18,  1833 

Captain  Back  and  his  companions  arrived  at  Liverpool  from 
their  perilous  Arctic  land  expedition,  after  having  visited 
the  Great  Fish  River,  and  examined  its  course  to  the  Polar 

Seas Sept.  8,  1835 

Captain  Back  sailed  from  Chatham  in  command  of  His  Ma 
jesty's  ship  Terror,  on  an  exploring  adventure  to  Wager 
River.  Captain  Back,  in  the  month  of  December,  1835, 
was  awarded,  by  the  Geographical  Society,  the  King's 
annual  premium  for  hi*  polar  discoveries  and  enter 
prise June  21,  1836 

Dea.se  and  Simpson  traverse  the  intervening  space  between 
the  discoveries  of  Ross  and  Parry,  and  establish  that  there 

is  a  north-west  passage Oct.  1839 

Sir  John  Franklin  and  Captain  Crozier,  in  the  Erebus  and 

Terror,  leave  England May  24,  1845 

Captain  Ross  returned  from  an  unsuccessful  expedition  in 

search  of  Franklin 1849 

Another  expedition  (one  sent  out  by  Lady  Franklin)  in  search 
of  Sir  John  Franklin,  consisting  of  two  vessels,  sailed  from 

England .April-May,  1850 

Another,  under  Capt.  McClure,  who  succeeded  in  effecting  a 
transit  over  ice  from  ocean  to  ocean;  and  another  under 

Sir  Edward  Belcher 1851 

Another,  consisting  of  two  vessels,  the  Advance  and  Rescue, 
liberally  purchased  for  the  purpose  by  Henry  Grinnell,  a 
New  York  merchant,  and  manned  at  government  cost  from 
the  United  States  navy,  under  command  of  Lieut.  De  Ha- 

Ten,  sailed  from  New  York May,  1850 

The  expedition  of  Dr.  Kane,  in  the  Advance May  31,  1853 

The  last  expedition,  consisting  of  the  Release  and  Arctic, 

under  Lieut.  Hartstene- June,  1855 

And  returns Oct.  11,  1855 

"  There  may  be  some  omissions  in  the  above,  but  it  will  be  found 
generally  correct." 

Franklin,  Richard.    Discourse  of  Antichrist  and 
the  Apocalypse,  Lon.,  1675,  fol. 
Franklin,  Robert.     Serm.,  Lon.,  1683,  4to. 
Franklin,  Thomas.     Defence  of  Lecturers,  1721. 
Franklin,  Thomas,  D.D.,  Rector  of  Brasted,  Kent. 
Berms.,  1748-74. 

Franklin,  Thomas,  Rector  of  Langton  Herring. 
Serm.,  1756,  8vo. 

Franklin,  Thomas,  Vicar  of  Ware.  Serms.,  1763- 
68,  4to. 

Franklin,  William.     See  FRANCKLIN. 
Franklin,  William  Temple,  d.  at  Paris,  1823,  son 
of  William  Franklin,  the  last  royal  Governor  of  New  Jer 
sey,  and  grandson  of  Dr.  Benjamin  Franklin,  has  already 
been  mentioned  as  editor  of  his  grandfather's  works.     See 
FRANKUN,  BENJAMIN,  LL.D. 
Franklyn,  Francis.     Serm.,  1724,  8vo. 
Franks,  James,  of  Halifax.     1.  Serm.,  1790,  8vo. 
2.  The  Pious  Mother,  1794,  12mo.     3.  Memoirs  of  Pre 
tended  Prophets,  1795,  8vo. 
Brit* Lit  adapted  to  Curb  Pr°Phetical  extravagance."— Lowndes's 
4.  Sacred  Literature;  or,  Remarks  upon  the  Book  of  Gene 
sis,  1802,  8vo.   Consists  principally  of  extracts.    The  author 
"  Has  contented  himself  with  forming  the  arrangement,  which 
is  clear  and  good,  and  in  sterling  short  passages  to  serve  for  con 
nexion  and  elucidation."— Brit.  Critic,  O.  S.,  xxi.  680   681 

Franks,  James  Clarke.  1,  2.  Hulsean  Lectures: 
for  1821,  on  the  Evidences  of  Chris'y,  Camb.,  1821,  8vo  • 
for  1823,  on  the  Apostolical  Preaching,  Ac.,  1823,  8vo.  ' 

"  Many  original  remarks. — Bicker  stet/i's  C.  8. 

3.  Christian  Psalmody,  1834,  24mo. 

Franks,  John.     1.  Animal  Life  and  Apparent  Death, 
Lon.,  1790,  8vo.    2.  Typhus  Contagion,  1799,  8vo. 
634 


ERA 

Frankz,  Thomas.  1.  Tour  through  France,  <fcc., 
Lon.,  1735, 8vo.  2.  Eclipses,  1736,  8vo.  3.  Silesia,  1741,  Svo. 

Fraser,  Alexander,  Lord  Saltoun.  1.  Arrangements 
on  Civil  Polity;  rel.  to  Husbandry,  Mines,  Fisheries,  and 
Manufactures  in  this  Kingdom,  Lon.,1786,8vo.  2.  Thoughts 
on  disqualifications  rel.  to  elections,  1788,  8vo. 

Fraser,  Alexander.  1.  Speech  of.  H.  Brougham, 
1808,  8vo.  2.  Account  of  the  Festival  of  the  Free-Masons, 
en  by  the  Earl  of  Moira,  the  Grand  Master,  previous  to 
iiis  departure  for  India,  1813,  8vo. 

Fraser,  Alexander,  minister  of  Kirkhill.  1.  Key 
:o  Prophecies  not  yet  accomplished,  Edin.,  1795,  8vo. 

"  This  is  a  work  of  some  merit.  It  contains  rules  for  the  arrange 
ment  of  the  unfulfilled  prophecies — observations  on  their  dates — 
and  a  general  view  of  the  events  foretold  in  them." — Orme's  Bibl. 
Bib. 

2.  Comment,  on  Isaiah,  1800,  8vo. 

"  Much  light  is  thrown  on  passages  by  the  principle  here  adopted." 

BlCKERSTETH. 

It  discovers  much  sound  sense  and  scriptural  knowledge,  and 
a  talent  for  critical  exposition,  which  it  is  to  be  regretted  the  au 
thor  did  not  exercise  to  a  greater  extent." — Orme's  Bibl.  Bib. 

Fraser,  D.  Works  of  Ebenezer  Erskine,  with  a  Me 
moir,  Lon.,  1826,  2  vols.  Svo.  The  Life  and  Diary  of  Ers- 
kine  was  pub.  separately  in  1831,  12mo. 

Fraser,  Henry,  M.D.     1.  Vaccine  Inoculation,  Lon., 

1805,  Svo.     2.  Epilepsy  and  the  use  of  Viscus  Quercinus, 

1806,  Svo. 

Fraser, Rev.  James.  Loch  Ness;  Phil.  Trans.,  1699. 

Fraser,  James,  of  Brea,  b.  1639,  minister  of  Culcross, 
Scotland.  1.  Saving  Faith,  Edin.,  1722,  12mo.  2.  Cor 
rupt  Ministers,  1744.  3.  Memoirs  of  himself.  Select 
Biog.,  ii.  89. 

Fraser,  James.  1.  Hist,  of  Nadir  Shah,  Lon.,  1742, 
Bvo.  This  is  an  interesting  work,  but  we  have  a  better 
biography,  pub.  by  Sir  Win.  Jones.  2.  Cat.  of  MSS.  in  the 
Persic,  Arabic,  and  Sanscrit  Languages,  Lon.,  1742,  Svo. 

Fraser,  James,  1700-1769,  a  minister  of  the  Church 
of  Scotland.  The  Scripture  Doctrine  of  Sanctification, 
Edin.,  1774,  12mo.  Several  eds.,  Edin.,  1813,  12mo. 
Abridged,  Lon.,  1849,  18mo. 

"  This  valuable  work  was  edited  by  Dr.  Erskine  of  Edinburgh, 
who  prefixed  to  it  a  short  account  of  the  author  and  his  father. 
It  is  one  of  the  ablest  expositions  of  this  difficult  portion  of  Scrip 
ture  we  possess;  and  exposes,  with  great  ability,  the  mistakes  of 
Grotius,  Hammond,  Locke,  Whitby,  Taylor,  Alexander,  and  others. 
The  doctrinal  views  of  the  author  will  not  be  relished  by  those  who 
are  violently  opposed  to  Calvinism  ;  but  the  critical  interpretation 
on  which  they  are  founded  it  will  be  difficult  to  overthrow." — 
Orme's  Bibl.  Bib. 

"  An  able  defence  of  the  doctrines  of  the  Gospel." — Bickersteth's 

Fraser,  James,  D.D.  Lectures  on  the  Pastoral  Cha 
racter,  newly  edited  by  J.  F.,  Lon.,  1811,  Svo. 

Fraser,  James.  Pilgrimage  to  Craigmullar  Castle; 
with  other  Poems,  Edin.,  1817,  12mo. 

Fraser,  James.  1.  Guide  through  Ireland,  4th  ed., 
Lon.,  1854,  p.  Svo. 

"  As  a  work  of  typography,  it  possesses  a  high  degree  of  excel 
lence;  and  its  statistics  will  be  found  available  and  most  useful  to 
the  traveller."— Dublin  E.  Mail. 

2.  Guide  to  the  County  of  Wicklow,  Dubl.,  1842,  12mo. 
"We  cannot  speak  too  highly  of  this  excellent  little  work;  it  is 

decidedly  the  best  guide  to  the  picturesque  beauties  of  the  county 
of  Wicklow  we  have  ever  met  with." — Dublin  Monitor. 

3.  Belfast  and  its  Environs,  Lon.,  12mo.     4.  Handbook 
to  the  Lakes  of  Killarney,  Dub.,  1850,  12mo. 

Fraser,  James  Bailie,  after  travelling  for  many 
years,  and  delighting  the  world  with  his  narrations  of  what 
"he  saw  and  was,"  returned  to  Scotland  to  settle  on  his 
patrimonial  estate  of  Reelig,  Inverness-shire,  "a  quiet 
highland  glen."  1.  Journal  of  a  Tour  through  part  of  the 
Snowy  Range  of  the  Himala  Mountains,  <fcc.,  1820,  4to,  r. 
4to,  and  imp.  4to.  Imp.  4to,  with  fol.  vol.  of  20  coloured 
views  in  the  Himala  Mountains,  pub.  at  £21. 

"  Notwithstanding  Mr.  Fraser's  ignorance  of  natural  history,  in 
a  country  quite  new,  and  full  of  most  interesting  objects  in  this 
science,  and  that  he  had  no  means  of  measuring  heights  or  ascer 
taining  the  temperature  or  pressure  of  the  air;  and  notwithstand 
ing  a  want  of  method,  and  a  heaviness  and  prolixity  in  the  style, 
this  book  possesses  great  interest,  for  the  scenes  of  nature  and 
pictures  of  manners  which  it  exhibits." — Stevenson's  Voyages  and 
Travels. 

2.  Journey  into  Khorasan,  1821-22,  1825,  4to. 

"Mr.  Fraser,  by  his  intelligence  and  enterprise,  has  made  valu 
able  additions  to  our  knowledge  of  Persia,  and  gained  a  right  to 
rank  as  the  very  first  to  whom  we  owe  a  distinct  view  of  any  con 
siderable  part  of  Persian  Chorasin." — Edin.  Rev.,  No.  85;  and  see 
Lon.  Month.  Rev. 

3.  Travels  and  Adventures  in  the  Persian  Provinces  on 
the  Southern  Banks  of  the  Caspian  Sea,  1826,  4to.     4.  The 
Kuzzilbash ;  a  Tale  of  Khorasan,  1828,  3  vols.  p.  Svo.     The 
Turkish  word  Kuzzilbash  signifies  red-head,  but  the  author 
complains  that  some  of  the  English  public  mistook  his 


FRA 


FRA 


romantic  tale  for  a  cookery-book.  He  therefore  wisely 
pub.  the  continuation  under  the  title  of— 5.  The  Persian 
Adventurer,  3  vols.  p.  8vo. 

"  This  work  is  replete  with  spirit,  interest,  and  local  information. 
It  is  one  of  the  most  animated  and  entertaining  of  our  recent 
Anglo-Oriental  romances." — Lon.  Court  Journal. 

6.  The  Khan's  Tale,  1833,  12ino;  1850,  12mo.  7.  Nar 
rative  of  the  Residence  of  the  Persian  Princes  in  London, 
1835-36,  1838,  2  vols.  cr.  8vo. 

"  From  the  subject,  and  from  the  author,  we  certainly  anticipated 
an  entertaining  publication ;  but  we  had  no  idea  that  even  the  lat 
ter,  with  all  his  Oriental  acquirements  and  acknowledged  talents, 
could  have  made  the  former  so  very  curious,  as  well  as  entertain 
ing." — Lon.  Lit.  Gaz. 

8.  A  Winter   Journey  (Tatar)  from  Constantinople  to 
Tehran,  with   Travels  through  various  Parts  of  Persia, 
1838,  2  vols.  8vo. 

"Indeed,  these  volumes  can  hardly  be  surpassed  in  lively  de 
lineations,  rapid  but  graphic  sketches,  and  the  excitement  of  tra 
velling  over  strange  ground,  with  a  guide  equally  remarkable  for 
the  extent  of  his  good-humour  and  the  depth  of  his  information." 
— Lon.  Athenceum. 

9.  Travels  in  Koordistan  and  Mesopotamia,  1840,  2  vols. 
8vo. 

"  One  of  the  most  valuable  books  of  travels  which  has  emanated 
from  the  press  for  a  considerable  time.  All  the  regions  visited  are 
curious  and  characteristic  in  their  natural  features  and  the  man 
ners  of  the  people.  We  recommend  the  work  to  the  reader  as  one 
of  the  best  accounts  of  the  countries  of  which  it  treats." — Lon. 
Spectator. 

10.  The  Highland  Smugglers.     11.  Alice  Neemroo,  1842, 
3  vols.  r.  12mo.     12.  Dark  Falcon ;  or,  the  Tale  of  the  At- 
truck,  1844,  4  vols.  p.  8vo.     13.  Hist,  of  Persia,  Anc.  and 
Mod.,  (Edin.  Cab.  Lib.,  No.  15,)  1847,  I2nio. 

"  This  volume  of  the  Edinburgh  Cabinet  Library  will  in  no  way 
be  found  inferior  to  its  predecessors ;  the  author  has  had  the  ad 
vantage  of  having  visited  a  great  proportion  of  the  tract  which  he 
describes,  and  of  thus  being  enabled  to  separate  the  truth  from 
error  or  falsehood  in  preceding  accounts." — Asiatic  Journal. 

14.  Mesopotamia  and  Assyria,  (Edin.  Cab.  Lib.,  No.  32,) 
1847,  12mo. 

Fraser,  John.     Theolog.  treatises,  Paris,  1604,  '05. 

Fraser,  John.     Second  Sight,  Edin.,  1707,  12mo. 

Fraser,  John.     American  Grass,  &c.,  Lon.,  1789,  fol. 

Fraser,  John,  1745-1819,  minister  at  Auchtermuchty, 
1768.  Serins,  and  Essays,  Edin.,  1820,  12mo. 

Fraser,  Patrick.  On  Law  as  to  relations,  Scotland, 
Edin.,  1846,  2  vols.  8vo. 

Fraser,  R.  Scientific  Wanderings,  Lon.,  1843,  fp.  8vo. 

"No  reader,  be  he  old  or  young,  will  rise  from  the  perusal  of 
this  handsome  little  volume  without  deriving  from  it  both  grati 
fication  and  instruction." — Edin.  Advertiser. 

Fraser,  Robert.  1.  Agricult.  of  Devon,  Lon.,  1793, 
4to.  2.  Agricult.  and  Mineral,  of  Wicklow,  Dubl.,  1801, 
8vo. 

"  It  is  very  sensibly  written,  and  prospectively  moderate." — 
Donaldson's  Agricult.  Biog. 

3.  Gleanings  in  Ireland  rel.  to  Agricult.  Mines  and  Fishe 
ries,  Lon.,  1802,  8vo.  4.  Letter  on  Fisheries,  1803,  8vo. 
5.  Review  of  the  Domestic  Fisheries  of  G.  Brit,  and  Ire 
land,  Edin.,  1818,  4to.  At  the  conclusion  of  his  list  of 
works  on  Fisheries,  Mr.  McCulloch  remarks : 

"Sir  T.  C.  Morgan  has  added  an  Historical  Sketch  of  the  British 
and  Irish  Fisheries  to  the  First  Report  of  the  Commissioners  of  In- 

Suiry  into  the  State  of  the  Irish  Fisheries,  folio,  Dublin,  1836.  Sir 
ohn  Barrow  has  contributed  a  valuable  article  on  the  Fisheries  to 
the  last  edition  of  the  Encyclopaedia  Britannica.  And  there  is  an 
article  on  the  Herring  Fishery  in  the  Commercial  Dictionary,  &c. 
But  a  good  work  on  the  history,  state,  and  prospects  of  the  latter 
continues  to  be  a  desideratum." — Lib.  of  Polit.  Econ.,  1845,  233. 

Fraser,  Robert  W.  1.  Moriah ;  or,  Sacred  Rites  of 
Ancient  Israel,  Lon.,  1849,  12mo;  1851,  12mo. 

"  The  author  has  a  graphic  pen,  a  sober  judgment,  and  a  Chris 
tian  heart.  These  qualifications  make  his  volume  a  very  pleasant 
one  for  readers  who  want  varied  pictures;  an  instructive  one  for 
persons  who  have  only  the  common  knowledge  of  its  subjects ; 
and  an  edifying  one  for  devout  hearts." — Lon.  Eclectic  Review. 

"  Full  of  well-digested  information,  and  equally  fitted  to  enlighten 
and  to  edify." — British  Banner. 

2.  Leaves  from  the  Tree  of  Life,  1851,  16mo.  3.  Ele 
ments  of  Physical  Science,  1854,  12mo.  4.  Turkey,  An 
cient  and  Modern,  1854,  p.  8vo. 

Fraser,  Simon,  Lord  Lovat,  1667-1747,  a  native  of 
Beaufort,  near  Inverness,  a  warm  adherent  of  Charles  Ed 
ward,  the  Pretender,  and  the  hero  of  many  remarkable 
adventures,  was  executed  for  high  treason,  April  9,  1747, 
at  the  advanced  age  of  eighty  years.  See  Memoirs  of  his 
Life,  Lon.,  1746,  8vo.  His  Trial,  1747,  fol.  Memoirs  of 
his  Life,  written  by  himself  in  French,  and  now  first  trans, 
from  the  original  MS.,  1797,  8vo.  Life,  in  Chambers's  Lives 
of  Illust.  and  Dist.  Scotsmen,  1833,  ii.  378. 

Fraser,  Simon.  1.  Reports  rel.  to  Elections  H.  Com., 
Lon.,  1791-93,  2  vols.  8vo.  2.  Burns's  Eccles.  Law,  6th 
ed.,  1797,  4  vols.  8vo.  3.  Case  of  R.  Sherson,  1815. 


4.  Trial  of  J.  Watson  and  four  others  for  High  Treason, 
1817,  8vo. 

Fraser,  Mrs.  Susan.  Comillo  de  Florian,  and  other 
Poems,  1809,  8vo. 

Fraser,Thomas.  1.  Inoculation  in  Antigua,  1755,  '56, 
Lon.,  1778,  8vo.  2.  Olium  Ricini;  Med.  Obs.  and  Inq.,  1762. 

Fraser,  W.  Travels  in  1806  from  Italy  to  England, 
<fcc.,  from  the  Italian  of  the  Marquis  de  Salvo,  Lon.,  1807, 
12mo. 

Fraser,  W.  W.,  Surgeon-Major.  An  Essay  on  the 
Shoulder  Joint  Operation,  1813,  8vo. 

Fraunce,  Abraham,  an  English  poet  temp.  Eliza 
beth,  was  educated  at  St.  John's  Coll.,  Camb.,  at  the  ex 
pense  of  Sir  Philip  Sidney ;  he  afterwards  went  to  Gray's 
Inn,  and  was  subsequently  called  to  the  Bar  of  the  Court 
of  the  Marches  in  Wales.  1.  The  Lamentations  of  Amyn- 
tus  for  the  death  of  Phyllis ;  in  English  Hexameters,  1587, 
'88,  4to.  2.  Lawier's  Logike;  exemplifying  the  Precepts 
of  Logike  by  the  Practice  of  the  Common  Lawe,  1588,  4to. 
After  the  dedication  in  rhyme  to  Henry,  Earle  of  Pem 
broke,  occurs  an  address  "  To  the  learned  Lawyers  of  Eng 
land,  especially  the  Gentlemen  of  Gray's  Inne."  The  book 
generally  is  in  prose.  The  poetical  part  consists  of  Vir 
gil's  Eclogue  of  Alexis,  trans,  into  hexameters,  and  exem 
plifications  to  illustrate  the  rules  of  logic.  3.  Insignium 
Arrnorum  Emblematum,  &c.,  1588,  4to.  4,  5.  The  Coun- 
tesse  of  Pembroke's  Yuychurch  (pp.  94)  and  Emanuel, 
(pp.  38,)  1591,  4to.  All  in  English  hexameters.  The  two 
are  priced  in  Bibl.  Anglo-Poet.,  £45 ;  resold  by  Saunders 
in  1818,  £13  2s.  Qd.  6.  The  third  part  of  the  Yuychurch, 
entitled  Aminta's  Dale,  pp.  122,  1592,  4to.  In  English 
hexameters.  Bibl.  Anglo-Poet.,  £40.  7.  Heliodorus'a 
Ethiopics,  (the  beginning,)  1591,  8vo. 

8.  Arcadian  Rhetorike;  or,  the  Precepts  of  Rhetoricke 
made  plaine,  by  examples  Greeke,  Latyne,  Englishe, 
Italyan,  Frenche,  and  Spanishe,  1588,  8vo.  This  is  a 
mixture  of  prose  and  verse. 

"An  affected  and  unmeaning  title.  .  .  .  Valuable  for  its  English 
examples." —  Warton's  Hist,  of  Eng.  Poet. 

Fraunce  is  commended  by  George  Peele  as 

"  A  peerless  sweet  translator  of  our  time." — Poem  of  the  Order 
of  the  Garter,  sine  anno,  sed  circa  1593,  4to. 

"  Fraunce  shines  particularly  as  an  English  hexametrist.  His 
Countess  of  Pembroke's  Yvychurch  and  his  translation  of  part  of 
Heliodorus,  are  written  in  melodious  dactyls  and  spondees,  to  the 
no  small  admiration  of  Sidney,  Harvey,  &c." 

Harvey's  Commendation — in  his  Foure  Letters  and  cer- 
taine  Sonnets — classes  him  in  good  company : 

"I  cordially  recommend  to  the  dear  louers  of  the  Muses,  and 
namely  to  the  professed  sonnes  of  the  same,  Edmond  Spencer, 
Richard  Stanihurst,  Abraham  Fraunce,  Thomas  AVatson,  Samuell 
Daniel,  Thomas  Nashe,  and  the  rest,  whom  1  affectionately  thancke 
for  their  studious  endeuours  commendably  employed  in  enriching 
and  polishing  their  natiue  tongue,  &c." — Lett,  iii.,  p.  29, 1592,  4to. 
Gabriel  Harvey  is  so  far  from  being  ashamed  of  his 
English  hexameters,  which  have  been  violently  attacked, 
that  he  exclaims,  in  the  same  publication  from  which  we 
have  just  quoted, 

"  If  I  never  deserve  any  better  remembrance,  let  me  be  epitaphed 
the  Jnventour  of  the  English  hexameter!  whome  learned  Mr.  Stani 
hurst  imitated  in  his  Virgin,  and  excellent  Sir.  P.  Sidney  disdained 
not  to  follow  in  his  Arcadia,  and  elsewhere." 
Mr.  Park,  in  quoting  the  above,  adds : 

"  Ascham  in  1564  had  well  observed  that  '  carmen  hexametrum 
doth  rather  trotte  and  hoble  than  runne  smoothly  in  our  English 
tong.'— Scholemaster,  p.  60.  Yet  Stanihurst  strangely  professes  in 
his  dedication  to  take  upon  him  '  to  execute  some  part  of  Maister 
Aschams  will,  who  had  recommended  carmen  iambicum  while  he 
dispraised  carmen  hexametrum.' "  See  Warton's  Hist,  of  Eng.  Poet. 
Some  of  our  modern  poets  have  revived  English  hexame 
ter —  we  beg  pardon,  not  revived,  but  exhumed;  as  a 
mummy  is  exhumed; — all  that  makes  life,  wanting,  and 
even  the  form  shrunken  and  uncomely.  Where  Southey 
and  Longfellow  have  failed,  the  fault  must  be  in  the  ma 
terial,  not  the  artist.  Mr.  Longfellow  himself  gives  a  happy 
illustration  of  the  subject,  when  he  says  that  "the  mo 
tions  of  the  English  Muse  [in  the  hexameter]  are  not 
unlike  those  of  a  prisoner  dancing  to  the  music  of  his 
chains." 

We  give  an  opinion  upon  the  subject,  in  which  our 
author  is  introduced,  from  an  ancient  authority ;  the  italics 
are  our  own : 

"Abraham  Fraunce,  a  versifier  in  Queen  Elizabeth's  time,  who, 
imitating  Latin  measure  in  English  verse,  wrote  his  Iviechurch 
and  some  other  things,  in  Hexameter;  some  also  in  Hexameter 
and  Pentameter ;  nor  was  he  altogether  singular  in  this  -«vay  of 
writing;  for  Sir  Philip  Sidney  in  the  pastoral  interludes  of  his 
Arcadia,  uses  not  only  these,  but  all  other  sorts  of  Latin  measure, 
tn  which  no  wonder  he  is  followed  by  so  few,  since  they  neither  become 
the  English,  nor  any  other  modern  language."— Phillips' s  Theatrum 
Poetarum  Anglicanorum. 

The  Biog.  Dramat.  also  is  greatly  disgusted  at  Fraunce's 
choice  of  metre : 


FRA 

"He  has  written  several  things  in  the  awkwardest  of  all  verse, 
though  at  that  time  greatly  in  vogue,  English  hexameter." 

Much  of  interest  upon  this  subject  may  be  found  in  the 
Preface  and  Notes  to  Southey's  Vision  of  Judgment,  and 
in  the  following  papers  upon  English  hexameters: 

1.  N.  Ainer.  Rev.,  Iv.  121,  by  Prof.  C.  C.  Felton.  2.  Ditto, 
Ixvi.  215;  review  of  Longfellow's  Evangeline,  by  same 
author.  3.  Edin.  Rev.,  xxxv.  422.  4.  Blackw.  Mag.,  Ix. 
19,  327,  477.  5.  Eraser's  Mag.,  xxxvi.  665.  6.  Ditto, 
xxxix.  342.  7.  Ditto,  xlii.  62.  8.  Boston  Living  Age, 
xvi.  172.  9.  N.  Brit.  Rev.,  May,  1853.  The  reader  must 
also  procure  a  volume  pub.  by  Mr.  Murray  of  London,  in 
1847,  Svo,  entitled  English  Hexameters;  from  the  German. 
By  Sir  John  Herschel,  Dr.  Whewell,  Archdeacon  Hare,  Dr. 
Hawtrey,  and  J.  G.  Lockhart.  Also,  Goethe's  Herman  and 
Dorothea;  a  Tale  of  the  French  Revolution.  Translated 
into  English  Hexameters  from  the  German  Hexameters  of 
the  Author;  with  an  Introductory  Essay  on  the  Origin  and 
Nature  of  the  Poem,  1849,  1  vol.  fcp.  Svo. 

"Goethe's  peculiarities  may  shine  out  more  conspicuously  in 
some  of  his  other  works,  but  in  none  else  are  they  so  collected  into 

ft  foCUS." — W.  VON  HCMBOLDT. 

"  Goethe  is  held,  by  the  unanimous  voice  of  Europe,  to  have  been 
one  of  the  greatest  poets  of  our  own  or  of  any  other  time." — 
WHEWELL. 

"Goethe,  simple  yet  profound,  united  the  depth  of  philosophical 
thought  to  the  simplicity  of  childish  affection;  and  striking  with 
almost  inspired  felicity  the  chord  of  native  affection,  produced  that 
mingled  flood  of  poetic  meditation  and  individual  observation  which 
has  rendered  his  fame  unbounded  in  the  Fatherland." — ALISON. 

Frazer,  Mrs.  The  Practice  of  Cookery,  Pastry, 
Pickling,  Preserving,  Ac.,  Edin.,  1791,  Svo. 

Frazer,  Alex.    Judicial  Proceedings  before  the  High 
Ct  of  Admiralty,  Ac.,  Edin.,  1814,  Svo. 
Frazer,  Jaiues.     Answer  to  R.  Stewart,  1787,  4to. 
Frazer,  John,  a  native  of  Ohio.  The  American  Form- 
Book.     New  ed.,  Cin.,  1855. 

Frazer,  S.     Roads  of  Lorraine,  1729,  Svo. 
Frazer.     See  FRASER. 

Freake,  A.  1.  Huraulus  Lupulus  for  Gout,  Ac.,  2d  ed., 
1816,  Svo.  2.  Addit.  Cases,  1811,  8vo. 

Freake,  Win.     Secret  Designs  and  Bloody  Projects 

of  the  Society  of  Jesuits,  Lon.,  1630,  4to. 

Frederick,  Charles.     Idalia,  Lon.,  1768,  fol. 

Frederick,  Sir  Charles.     Course   of  the  Ermine 

Street  through  Northamp.,  Ac.,  Archaeol.,  1770. 

Free,  B.  B.     1.  Exercises  in  the  Inns  of  Ct.  prep,  to 
the  Study  of  Law,  Lon.,  1784,  2  vols.  Svo.     2.  Exernpla 
Erasmiania,  1805, 12mo.  3.  New  Spelling  Dictionary,  1808 
Free,  John,  D.D.,  Vicar  of  East  Croker,  Somerset 
shire.     Serins.,  Poems,  Ac.,  1739-86. 

Free,  John.  Political  Songster,  Birm.,  1784,  '90, 12mo. 
Freebairn,  James.     Life  of  Mary,  Queen  of  Scots: 
from  the  French  of  Bois-Guibbert,  Edin.,  1725,  Svo. 

Freedley,  Edwin  T.,  of  Philadelphia.    1.  Money 
how  to  Get,  Save,  Spend,  Give,  Lend,  and  Bequeath  it,  Phila. 
1852,  12mo ;  several  English  eds.  by  different  houses ;  5th 
ed.,  1853.     Edited  by  John  McGregor,  Esq.,  M.P.,  1853. 
12mo. 

"  This  book  is  American  in  origin  and  completely  American  it 
character.  No  other  country  could  have  sent  forth  such  a  work, — 
BO  plain-spoken,  so  honest,  so  judicious,  so  reasonable.  ...  Mr 
Freedley's  is  a  capital  book,  and,  considered  as  a  representation  01 
the  daily  dealings  of  the  Americans,  it  raises  them  very  much  in 
our  estimation.  The  work  ought  to  be  read  by  all  traders,  old  and 
young.  The  old  may  find  in  it  ennobling  and  delightful  remi 
niscences;  the  young  can  only  learn  from  it  how  to  attain,  in 
obedience  to  the  strictest  principles  of  morality,  excellence  in  th 
conduct  of  business." — Lon.  Economist. 

"  We  are  glad  to  learn  the  fact  of  an  entire  edition  being  dis 
posed  of  in  one  day." — Lon.  Time*. 

2.  Leading  Pursuits  and  Leading  Men,  Phila.,  1856,  Svo 
3.  Philadelphia  and  its  Manufactures,  1S58,  12mo,  pp 
490.  A  book  of  great  value. 

Freeke,  Wm.,  b.  1663,  an  English  Socinian,  wrote 
Dialogue  on  the  Deity,  and  A  Confutation  of  the  Doctrine 
of  the  Trinity,  for  which  he  was  fined  £500  and  oblige< 
to  recant  in  Westminster  Hall.     His  book  was  publicl, 
burnt. 

Frceland,  W.  H.     Poems,  Lon.,  1848,  p.  8vo. 
"Its   pages  abound  with   evidences  of  graceful    and    tende 
thought,  scholarly  accomplishment,  and  poetic  fancy."—  Ch.  Oj 
Eng.  Quar.  Rev. 

And  see  Westm.  Rev. ;  Oxf.  Univ.  Herald ;  Bell's  Life,  A< 
Freeman,  Edward  A.  1.  Church  Restoration,  Lon 
1846,  Svo.     2.  Hist  of  Architecture,  1849,  Svo. 

"  It  must  be  admitted  that  he  has  produced  a  treatise  possessin 
the  merit  of  very  systematic  arrangement,  and  written  in  a  fluen 
and  attractive  style." — Lon.  ArchcefA.  Jour. 

3.  Architect.  Antiq.  of  Gower,  1850,  Svo  ;  2d  ed.,  185 

Svo.     4.  Window  Tracery  in  Eng.,  1850,  Svo ;  2d  ed.,  185 

Svo.     5.  Architect,  of  Llandaff  Cathedral,  1850,  Svo.     ( 

636 


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oems,  Legendary  and  Historical,  by  E.  A.  F.  and  G.  W 
ox,  1850,  Svo;  2d  ed.,  1852,  8vo. 

Freeman,  Francis.  Thcolog.  treatises,  1647,  '54, 4to. 

Freeman,  Francis.     Serms.,  Lon.,  1722. 

Freeman,  G.,  of  the  Inner  Temple.  Day;  an  Epistle 
o  C.  Churchill,  Lon.,  1762. 

Freeman,  G.  Sketches  in  Wales,  or*a  Diary  of  three 
alking  Excursions  in  that  Principality  in  1823-25,  1826, 
vo. 

Freeman,  George.  Exhortation  from  the  sin  of 
)runkenness,  Lon.,  1663,  4to. 

Freeman,  Goodlove.  The  Downfall  of  the  Bailiffs ; 
r,  a  Lash  for  Burns,  Lon.,  1675,  4to. 

Freeman,  Harriet  Augusta.  Astraea's  Return; 
r,  the  Halcyon  Days  of  France,  in  the  year  2440.  From 
lie  French  of  Mercier,  12tno. 

Freeman,  Ireiieus.  The  Reasonableness  of  Divine 
lervice,  Lon.,  1661,  4to. 

Freeman,  J.  J.  1.  Tour  in  South  Africa,  Lon.,  1851, 
2mo. 

"  Every  individual  interested  in  the  present  state  of  affairs  in 
Outhern  Africa  should,  without  delay,  possess  this  book." 

2.  J.  J.  F.  and  D.  John's  Narrative  of  Persecutions  at 
Madagascar,  1840,  12mo. 

Freeman,  James,  1759-1835,  of  Boston.  Serms. 
nd  Charges,  1832,  12mo.  Severely  criticized  in  Robert 
iouthey's  Letter  to  the  Lord  Bishop  of  Limerick,  March  6, 
833. 

Freeman,  John.  The  Comforter,  Lon.,  1591,  1600, 
6mo. 

Freeman,  John.     Serm.,  Ac.,  1812,  '13. 

Freeman,  John  D.  Reports  in  Sup.  Ct.  of  Chancery 
State  of  Mississip.,  Cin.,  1844,  Svo. 

Freeman,  Joseph  Elisha.     1.  Faith  Triumphant; 

)r,  the  World  Overcome,   Lon.      2.  Heaven  Anticipated. 

New  ed.,  1853,  ISmo.    3.  Heaven  Unveiled,  ISmo.    4.  Hea- 

en  Entered,  1837,  ISmo.     5.  Israel's  Return,  or  Palestine 

Regained,  1840,  12mo. 

"  It  gave  me  much  pleasure  to  read  Israel's  Return.  It  accords, 
n  general,  with  my  own  published  sentiments  on  this  subject, 
and  it  is  written  in  a  Christian  and  practical  spirit."— REV.  E. 

JlCKERSTETH. 

"  Has  many  valuable  thoughts." — Same,  in  Christian  Student. 

Freeman,  Joshua.  Lett,  to  the  Clergy,Lon.,1722,8vo. 

Freeman,  Josiah  Bumstead,  b.  1826,  at  Boston. 
Trans,  and  editor  of  Ricord's  work  on  the  V.  Disease  ;  Con 
tributor  to  the  N.  York  Med.  Times,  Virginia  Surg.  and 
Med.  Jour.,  and  other  medical  periodicals. 

Freeman,  Kennet.  Repertorium  Juridicum ;  or, 
an  Index  to  all  the  Cases  in  the  Year  Books,  Entries,  Re 
ports  and  Abridgts.  in  Law  and  Equity ;  also  an  Alpha 
bet.  Table  of  the  Titles  referring  to  the  Cases,  1742,  fol. 
New  ed.  of  Pt.  1st.,  cont.  also  what  has  since  been  pub. 
by  T.  E.  Tomlins  of  the  Inner  Temple,  1786,  '87,  fol. 

Freeman,  Lyon.  The  Commonwealth's  Catechism, 
Lon.,  1659,  12mo. 

Freeman,  R.  The  merits  of  the  Craftsman  consi 
dered,  Lon.,  1734,  Svo. 

Freeman,  Richard,  Lord-Chancellor  of  Ireland, 
temp.  Queen  Anne.  1.  Reports  K.  B.,  C.  P.,  1670-1704, 
Lon.,  1742,  fol. ;  2d  ed.,  by  Edward  Smirke,  1826,  Svo. 

2.  Cases  in  Ch.  and  Ex.,  1660-1706,  1742,  fol.;  2d  ed.,  by 
J.  E.  Hovenden,  1S23,  Svo.      Freeman's  cases  were  for 
merly  neglected ;  they  are  now  more  esteemed. 

"  Some  of  the  cases  in  Freeman  are  very  well  reported." — LORD 
MANSFIELD. 

"  Freeman's  notes  are  generally  good."— LORD  LOUGHBOROUGH. 

See  Wallace's  Reporters,  50;  Marvin's  Leg.  Bibl.  323. 

Freeman,  S.     Medical  Works,  1776-89. 

Freeman,  S.,  M.D.  Address  rel.  to  the  Universal 
Medicine  of  the  Ancient  Magi,  Lon.,  1781,  Svo. 

Freeman,  S.    Brit.  Plants,  No.  1,  1797,  fol. 

Freeman,  Samuel,  D.D.,  Dean  of  Peterborough. 
Serms.  and  Discourses,  1643-1700. 

Freeman,  Samuel,  1743-1831,  of  Portland.  Maine ; 
Judge  of  Probate.  1.  Town  Officer.  New  ed.,  Bost.,  1808, 
12mo.  2.  The  Massachusetts  Justice;  2d  ed.,  1802,  Svo. 

3.  Probate  Directory,  1803,  12mo.     4.  Amer.  Clerk's  Mag., 
6th  ed.,  1805. 

Freeman,  Stephen.     Serm.,  1790,  Svo. 

Freeman,  Stric.  1.  Art  of  Horsemanship,  1806,  4to. 
2.  The  Horse's  Foot,  1796,  4to.  New  ed.,  4to. 

Freeman,  Theop.     To  the  Quakers,  1803. 

Freeman,  Thomas,  a  native  of  Gloucestershire, 
entered  Magdalen  Coll.,  Oxf.,  1607,  aged  about  16.  Rub 
and  a  Great  Cast :  and  Runne  and  a  Great  Cast.  The 
Second  Bowl.  In  200  Epigrams. 

"  He  was  held  in  esteem  by  Sam.  Daniel,  Owen,  the  Epigram 
matist,  Dr.  John  Donn,  Shakspeare,  George  Chapman,  Tho.  Hey- 


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wood,  the  playmaker,  and  others.    To  some  of  whose  judgments 
he  submitted  his  two  books  of  epigrams." — Athen.  Oxon. 

"  Freeman's  Epigrams  are  so  extremely  rare,  that  except  a  copy 
in  the  late  Mr.  Brand's  collection,  [sold  for  £4  12s.,]  and  that  in 
the  Bodleian.  I  know  not  where  to  refer  for  one.  On  this  account 

1  have  ventured  to  give  the  following  extracts."— DR.  BLISS  :  in 
his  ed.  of  Athen.  Oxnn,  q.  v. 

Freeman,  W.     Agst.  Calvinism,  1765,  8vo. 

Freeman,  W.  Fancy,  or  the  Effusions  of  the  Heart; 
Poems,  1812,  8vo. 

Freeman,  Wm.    Agst.  Col.  Codrington,  1702,  4to. 

Freeman,  Wm.     Serm.,  1730,  4to. 

Freeman,  Wm.  Of  a  Woman  who  had  a  Stone  under 
her  Tongue;  Phil.  Trans.,  1794. 

Freemantle,  W.  R.  1.  Serm.,  Godalming,  1838, 
12mo.  2.  Address  to  the  Bishop  of  Lincoln,  on  the  State 
of  the  Eastern  Churches. 

Freer,Adam,M.D.  Ring  Worm;  in  Ann.of  Med.,1800. 

Freer,  George,  surgeon.  Aneurism,  Birm.,  1807,  4to. 

Freese,  J.  H.    Commer.  Class-Book,  Lon.,  1849,  Svo. 

"An  admirable  commercial  instruction-book." — Glasgoiv  Citizen. 

Freeston,  J.  H.     Socinianism,  Cov.,  1812,  8vo. 

Freher,  Philip.     Peace  of  the  Church,  1646,  4to. 

Freind,  John,  M.D.,  1675-1728,  a  native  of  Croton, 
Northamptonshire,  educated  at  Christ  Church,  Oxford, 
was  a  distinguished  classical  scholar,  and  concerned  in  the 
publication  of  several  Greek  and  Latin  authors.  His  prin 
cipal  professional  work  is  The  History  of  Physic,  from  the 
time  of  Galen  to  the  beginning  of  the  16th  century,  Lon. 
Pts.  1  and  2,  1725,  '26,  Svo;  1727,  2  vols.  8vo;  1758, 

2  vols.    8vo.      In  Latin,  by  J.  Wigan,   1734,  8vo.      In 
French,  by  Pomet,  Leyd.,  1727,  8vo.     It  was  censured  by 
Sir  Clifton  Wintringham  in  an  anonymous  tract,  Observa 
tions  on  Dr.  Freind's  Hist,  of  Physic,  1726  ;  and  by  John 
Le  Clerc  in  the  Bibliotheque  Ancienne  et  Moderne.     Its 
character,  however,  stands  very  high.     A  Defence  of  Dr. 
Freind's  Hist,  of  Physic  was  pub.  1727,  '28,  8vo.     A  col 
lective  ed.  of  his  Latin  Works — Opera  Omnia  Medica — 
was  pub.  by  Dr.  Wigan  in  1733,  fol.;  Paris,  1735,  4to; 
Leyd.,  1734,  and  in  1750,  3  vols.  8vo.  Wigan  included  in  his 
edit,  of  Freind's  Works  his  trans,  into  Latin  of  Freind's 
Hist,  of  Physic.    Freind  had  a  controversy  with  Dr.  Wood 
ward  in  consequence  of  his  (Freind's)  pub.  of  Hippocrates 
de  Morbis  Popularibus,  and  on  the  subject  of  the  fever  in 
the  small-pox.     We  have  already  referred  to  Freind  in 
our  articles  on  ALSOP,  ANTHONY  ;    BENTLEY,  RICHARD  ; 
BOYLE,  CHARLES. 

"His  writings  were  admired,  and  the  notions  he  advanced  ap 
plauded,  by  the  greatest  men  in  the  profession  throughout  Europe, 
such  as  Hoffman,  in  Germany  ;  Helvetius  and  Hecquet  in  France ; 
and  Boerhaave  in  Holland:  which  abundantly  demonstrates  his 
abilities  in  his  profession." — Biography  in  Biog.  Brit.,  g.  v.  ' 

"  As  to  Freind,  I  have  known  him  long,  and  cannot  be  without 
some  partiality  for  him,  since  he  was  of  Christ  Church.  He  has 
excellent  parts,  is  a  thorough  scholar,  and  I  am  told  is  very  able 
in  his  profession."— LORD  BOLINGBROKE  :  Letters  by  Parke. 

Freind,  Robert,  D.D.,  1667-1751,  of  Westminster, 
brother  of  the  preceding,  was  also  engaged  in  the  famous 
war  about  the  Epistles  of  Phalaris.  See  BENTLE  Y,  RICHARD. 
He  wrote  some  Latin  and  English  poetry,  for  which  see 
Nichols's  Collection.  He  also  pub.  a  serm.  preached  be 
fore  the  House  of  Commons,  1711,  8vo,  and  Cicero's  Orator, 
1724.  Freind  was  a  celebrated  writer  of  Latin  epitaphs 

See  Memoirs  of  Freind  in  Nichols's  Literary  Anecdotes. 

Freind,  Wm.,  D.D.,  Preb.  of  Westminster  and  Dean 
of  Canterbury,  son  of  the  preceding.  Serm.,  Lorn,  1755, 
4to.  Concio  ad  Clerum,  1761,  4to. 

Freize,  James.     Levellers  Vindic.,  1649.  4to. 

Freke,  Freak,  or  Freake,  Edmund,  Bishop  of 
Rochester.  St.  Augustine's  Introduc.  to  the  Loue  of  God, 
Lon.,  1574,  '81,  8vo.  See  FLETCHER,  ROBKRT. 

Freke,  John.  1.  Electricity,  Lon.,  1746,  Svo.  2.  Fire, 
1748,  Svo.  3.  Earthquakes,  1756,  Svo.  Med.  con.  to  Phil. 
Trans.,  1740. 

Freke,  Thomas.     Serms.,  1704-16. 

Freke,  Wm.     Select  Essays,  Lon.,  1693,  Svo. 

Freligh,  Martin,  M.D.  Homoeopathic  Practice  of 
Medicine,  N.  York,  12mo. 

Fremont,  John  Charles,  the  "Pathfinder  of  the 
Rocky  Mountains,"  b.  in  Savannah,  Ga.,  1813,  has  greatly 
distinguished  himself  by  his  bravery,  energy,  and  perse 
verance  in  extensive  explorations  which  "  have  opened  to 
America  the  gates  of  her  Pacific  empire."  He  was  a  can 
didate  for  the  Presidency  of  the  United  States  in  1856 ;  and, 
though  not  elected,  he  received  a  large  vote,  (1,341,812.] 
An  interesting  biographical  notice  of  Col.  Frgmont  will  be 
found  in  the  Men  of  the  Time,  N.Y.,  1852,  and  one  in  the 
Gallery  of  Illust.  Americans,  N.Y.,  fol.  Also  see  Life  by 
J.  Bigelow,  ed.  N.Y.  Evening  Post,  N.Y.,  1856,  12mo. 
Life  and  Explorations,  by  C.  W.  Upham,  Bost.,  1856, 


.2mo.  Upwards  of  50,000  copies  of  this  work  were  sold  as 
oon  as  issued.  Narrative  of  the  Exploring  Expedition  to 
he  Rocky  Mountains  in  1842,  and  to  Oregon  and  North 
California  in  1843-44;  reprinted  from  the  Official  Report 
ordered  to  be  pub.  by  the  U.  States  Senate,  N.Y.,  1846, 
Svo.  Exploring  Expedition  through  the  Rocky  Moun- 
ains,  Oregon,  and  California,  Buffalo  and  N.Y.,  12mo. 
See  EMORY,  W.  H.  Fremont's  and  Emory's  Accounts 
were  pub.  in  London,  1849,  fp.  Svo.  Will  be  pub.,  Phila., 
L859,  2  vols.  Svo,  Col.  J.  C.  Fremont's  Explorations; 
>repared  by  the  Author,  and  embracing  all  his  Expedi- 
ions,  superbly  illustrated  with  steel  plates  and  woodcuts, 
engraved  under  the  immediate  superintendence  of  Col. 
Fremont,  mostly  from  daguerreotypes  taken  on  the  spot, 
containing  a  new  steel  portrait  of  the  author. 

"The  illustrations  had  the  special  attention  of  Hamilton,  Barley, 
Schuessele,  Dallas,  Keru,  and  Wallin,  comprising  masterpieces  of 
each  of  these  distinguished  artists,  and  were  engraved  in  the 
ghest  style  of  the  art,  under  the  supervision  of  J.  M.  Butler. 
"This  work  was  prepared  with  great  care  by  Col.  J.  C.  Fremont, 
and  contains  a  rlsume  of  the  first  and  second  expeditions  in  the 
years  1842,  '43,  and  '44.  and  a  detailed  account  of  the  third  expedi 
tion  during  the  years  1845,  !46,  and  '47,  across  the  Rocky  Moun 
tains  through  Oregon  into  California,  covering  the  conquest  and 
settlement  of  that  country ;  the  fourth  expedition,  of  1848-49,  up 
the  Kansas  and  Arkansas  Rivers  into  the  Rocky  Mountains  of 
Mexico,  down  the  Del  Norte,  through  Sonora  into  California;  the 
fifth  expedition,  of  1853  and  '54,  across  the  Rocky  Mountains  at 
the  heads  of  the  Arkansas  and  Colorado  Rivers,  through  the  Mor 
mon  settlements  and  the  Great  Basin  into  California, — the  whole 
embracing  a  period  of  ten  years  passed  among  the  wilds  of  America. 
"  The  resumi  of  the  first  and  second  expeditions  was  prepared  by 
(Jeorge  S.  Hillard.  Esq.,  whose  acknowledged  position  as  one  of  the 
most,  accomplished  writers  of  America  is  a  sure  guarantee  that  it 
is  ably  executed. 

The  scientific  portion  of  the  work  is  very  complete,  containing 
able  articles  from  Professor  Torrey  on  Botany,  Blake  on  Geology, 
Cassin  on  Ornithology,  Hubbard  on  Astronomy,  &c.,  illustrated 
and  compiled  from  material  furnished  by  the  author. 

"The  greatest  possible  care  was  taken  to  insure  the  accuracy  of 
the  maps,  which  fully  illustrate  all  the  above-named  expeditions. 
They  were  engraved  under  the  superintendence  of  the  well-known 
hydrographers,  Messrs.  E.  &  G.  W.  Blunt,  of  New  York." 

Fremont,  Philip  Richard.  1.  Defence  of  his  in 
tended  publication  on  the  knowledge  of  Human  Bodies, 
Lon,  1722,  4to.  2.  Supplice  a  Sa  Majeste  Louis  XV., 
1754,  fol. 

French,     Surgeon   to  the  Infirmary  of  St.  James's, 
Westminster.  The  Nature  of  Cholera  Investigated,Lon.,Svo. 
"  This  is  one  of  the  best  treatises  on  cholera  which  we  have 
lately  read.    His  theory  of  the  nature  of  cholera  is  ingenious,  and 
is  argued  with  acuteness." — Lon.  Med.  Times  and  Gaz. 

French,  Benjamin  Franklin,  b.  at  Richmond,  Va., 
June  8,  1799.  One  of  the  founders  of  the  New  Orleans 
Fisk  Free  Library.  1.  Biographia  Americana,  8vo,  N.  Y., 
1825.  2.  Memoirs  of  Eminent  Female  Writers,  18mo, 
Phila,,  1827.  3.  Beauties  of  Byron,  Scott,  and  Moore, 
2  vols.  18mo,  Phila.,  1828.  4.  Historical  Collections  of 
Louisiana,  5  vols.  Svo,  N.  Y.,  1846-53. 

"  These  volumes  contain  translations  of  Memoirs,  Journals,  and 
valuable  documents,  relating  to  the  early  history  of  Louisiana;  to 
which  have  been  added  numerous  Historical  and  Biographical 
notes,  giving  a  full  account  of  the  early  explorations  and  settle 
ment  of  that  State." 

Two  additional  vols.,  bringing  the  annals  of  Louisiana 
down  to  the  date  of  its  cession  to  the  United  States,  are 
now  (1858)  nearly  ready  for  publication.  We  may  soon 
expect  from  Mr.  French  two  vols.  of  Historical  Annals  re 
lating  to  the  History  of  N.  America,  1492-1850.  6.  Hist,  and 
Progress  of  the  Iron  Trade  of  U.  States,  1621-1857,  Svo,  1858. 

French,  Daniel.  The  Henriadej>f Voltaire,  1807,  Svo. 

French,  Daniel,  Barrister-at-Law.  1.  Protestant 
Discussion  between  D.  F.  and  the  Rev.  John  Cumming, 
D.D.,  held  at  Hammersmith  in  April  and  May,  1839.  2. 
Hymnus  dies  irae,  in  linguam  Grsecam  conversus,  1842,  Svo. 

French,  David,  a  son  of  Col.  John  French,  of  Dela 
ware,  was  the  author  of  six  poetical  translations  from  the 
Greek  and  Latin,  written  between  1720-30,  and  inserted 
in  John  Parke's  Lyric  Works  of  Horace,  Ac.,  Phila.,  1786, 
8vo.  See  Fisher's  Early  Poets  and  Poetry  of  Pennsyl 
vania;  Duyckincks'  Cyc.  of  Amer.  Lit.  i.  116,  305-308. 

French,  G.  Advice  rel.  to  the  V.  Disease,  1776, 12mo. 

French,  George.  1.  Hist,  of  Col.  Parke's  Adminis 
tration  in  the  Leeward  Islands,  Lon.,  1717,  8vo.  2.  An 
swer  to  A  Lett,  to  G.  French,  1719,  Svo. 

French,  G.  J.  1.  Practical  Remarks  on  Church  Fur 
niture,  Lon.,  1844,  fp.  Svo.  2.  The  Tippets  of  the  Canons 
Ecclesiastical,  1850,  Svo. 

French,  George  Russell.  1.  Genealog.  and  Biog. 
Hist,  of  Eng,  Lon.,  p.  Svo.  2.  Ancestry  of  Victoria  and 
Albert,  1841,  p.  Svo.  3.  Royal  Descent  of  Nelson  and 
Wellington,  1S53,  p.  Svo. 

French,  James  Bogle.  Experiments  on  mixing 
Oils,  Ac.;  Med.  Obs.  and  Inq.,  1765. 


FRE 

French,  John,  M.D.,  1616-1657,  educated  at  New- 
Inn-hall,  Oxf.,  served  as  physician  to  the  Parliamentary 
forces.  1.  Art  of  Distillation,  Lon..  1641,  '51,  4to.  For 
merly  much  esteemed.  Pub.  with— 2.  The  London  Dis 
tiller,  1653,  '67,  4to.  3.  The  Yorkshire  Spaw,  1652,  '54, 
12mo ;  Halifax,  1760,  12mo. 

"  A  learned  and  ingenious  treatise."— .Fp.  Nicolson's  Eng.  Hist. 
Lib.,  22. 

French,  Jonathan,  1740-1809,  minister  of  Andover, 
Mass.  Serms.,  1777-1805. 

French,  Matthew.     Answer  to  Boyse's  Serm.,  1709. 

French,  Nicholas,  R.  Catholic  Bishop  of  Ferns. 
1.  The  Vnkinde  Desertor  of  loyall  Men  and  true  Friends, 
Paris,  1676.  Towneley,  Pt.  1,  697,  £31  10*. 

"  This  satirical  work  throws  great  light  upon  the  rebellion  in 
Ireland,  and  particularly  on  the  conduct  of  Glamorgan  and  Or- 
mond."— Lowndes's  Bibl.  Man. 

2.  Bleeding  Iphigenia,  1674,  8vo. 

"This  incendiary  wrote  the  Bleeding  Iphigenia;  wherein  he 
avowedly  justifies  every  step  made  in  that  trayterous  enterprize, 
[the  Irish  Rebellion  of  1641."]— Bp.  Nicotian's  Irish  Hist.  Lib.,  21, 
22.  See  BELING,  RICHARD. 

Unkinde  Deserter  of  Loyall  Men  and  True  Friends, 
Bleeding  Iphigenia,  Settlement  and  Sale  of  Ireland,  Ac., 
accurately  reprinted,  Lon.,  1846,  2  vols.  12mo. 

French,  Rev.  R.  N.     Verses,  Lon.,  1S08,  8vo. 

French,  Wm.     Con.  to  Memoirs  Med.,  1782,  '92. 

French,  Wm.,  D.D.,  d.  1849,  in  his  63d  year,  was 
educated  at  Caius  Coll.,  Camb. ;  Master  of  Jesus  Coll., 
1820  ;  Canon  of  Ely,  1832.  1.  New  Trans,  of  the  Proverbs 
of  Solomon,  with  Notes  by  W.  F.  and  George  Skinner, 
Lon.,  1831,  8vo.  By  the  same  authors,  2.  New  Trans,  of 
the  Book  of  Psalms,  with  Notes,  Camb.,  1830,  8vo.  New 
ed.,  Lon.,  1842,  8vo. 

"  The  Notes  are  particularly  valuable  for  pointing  out  the  poeti 
cal  beauties  of  the  Psalms." 

This  trans,  was  attacked  by  a  critic  in  the  London  Re 
cord  newspaper.  See  a  Review  in  Brit.  Grit.,  ix.  404. 

Frend,  H.  T.,  and  T.  H.  Ware.  Precedents  of 
Conveyances,  Ac.,  Lon.,  1846,  8vo. 

Frend,  Wm.,  1757-1841,  in  1787  resigned  the  living 
of  Madingley,  Cambridgeshire,  in  consequence  of  having 
adopted  Socinian  views.  He  pub.  a  number  of  works  on 
theology,  astronomy,  political  economy,  Ac.  His  Evening 
Amusements  on  the  Beauty  of  the  Heavens  Displayed  was 
pub.  annually  from  1804-22. 

Frende,  Gabriel,  practitioner  in  Astrology  and 
Physic,  pub.  Almanacks  and  Prognostications  annually, 
1592,  Ac. 

Freneau,  Peter,  d.  1813,  long  resident  in  Charleston, 
South  Carolina,  was  a  brother  of  Philip  Freneau.  In  1795  he 
became  editor  and  proprietor  of  the  (Charleston)  City  Ga 
zette,  and  contributed  to  it  many  articles  of  great  literary 
merit.  He  was  versed  in  the  ancient  and  modern  lan 
guages,  and  possessed  a  wide  range  of  general  knowledge. 
An  interesting  biographical  account  of  Mr.  Freneau,  from 
the  pen  of  Dr.  Joseph  Johnson  of  Charleston,  will  be  found 
in  Duyckincks'  Cyc.  of  Amer.  Lit. 

Freneau,  Philip,  1752-1832,  a  native  of  New  York, 
descended  of  a  French  Protestant  family,  entered  Nassau 
Hall,  Princeton,  New  Jersey,  in  1767,  and  graduated  in 
1771.  Whilst  residing  in  New  York,  in  1774  or  1775,  he 
commenced  writing  those  poetical  satires  on  the  royalists 
and  their  cause  which  have  transmitted  his  name  to  pos 
terity.  In  1776  he  visited  the  Danish  West  Indies,  where 
he  wrote  two  of  his  principal  poems,  The  House  of  Night, 
and  The  Beauties  of  Santa  Cruz.  Two  years  later  he  was 
at  Bermuda.  In  1779  he  was  engaged  in  editorial  labours 
in  Philadelphia,  having  the  superintendence  of  the  United 
States  Magazine,  pub.  by  Francis  Bailey.  He  subsequently 
became  a  sea-captain,  and  made  many  voyages  between 
1784  and  1789,  and  1798  and  1809.  In  1797  he  com 
menced  the  publication  in  New  York  of  The  Time  Piece 
and  Literary  Companion — a  short-lived  periodical, — and 
displayed  considerable  ability  in  its  literary  management. 
He  was  for  some  time  Translating  Clerk  in  the  Department 
of  State  under  Thomas  Jefferson,  and  editor  of  the  Na 
tional  Gazette.  The  attacks  upon  General  Washington's 
administration  which  appeared  in  this  paper  are  to  be  at 
tributed  to  Jefferson  and  his  clerk,  if  the  latest  assertions 
of  the  latter  are  to  be  believed.  After  leading  a  wander 
ing  life,  and  engaging  in  many  literary  undertakings,  he 
perished  in  a  snow-storm,  in  his  80th  year,  Dec.  18,  1832, 
near  Freehold,  New  Jersey.  In  1786,  Mr.  Bailey  pub.  at 
Philadelphia  the  first  collection  of  Freneau's  poems,  in  a 
vol.  of  upwards  of  400  pages.  A  second  ed.  appeared  in 
1795,  and  a  third  in  1809.  A  collection  of  his  poems  con 
nected  with  the  war  of  1812,  and  other  subjects,  written 


FRE 

between  1797-1815,  was  pub.  in  New  York  in  2  vols.  For 
further  particulars  respecting  this  patriotic  poet,  we  must 
refer  the  reader  to  the  source  for  which  we  are  indebted 
to  the  above  facts — Griswold's  Poets  and  Poetry  of  Ame 
rica,  16th  ed.,  Phila.,  1855,  and  to  Duyckincks'  Cyclo 
paedia  of  American  Literature,  New  York,  1856.  The 
Reminiscences  of  Freneau  by  Dr.  John  W.  Francis,  in  the 
valuable  work  last  cited,  possess  peculiar  interest. 

"  The  productions  of  his  pen  animated  his  countrymen  in  the 
darkest  days  of  '76,  and  the  effusions  of  his  muse  cheered  the  de 
sponding  soldier  as  he  fought  the  battles  of  freedom." — Monmouth 
Inquirer,  1832. 

Dr.  Francis  of  N.  York  remarks,  in  relating  his  remi 
niscences  of  Freneau : 

"His  story  of  many  of  his  occasional  poems  was  quite  romantic. 
I  told  him  what  I  had  heard  Jeffrey,  the  Scotch  reviewer,  say  of 
his  writings,  that  the  time  would  arrive  when  his  poetry,  like  that 
of  Hudibras,  would  command  a  commentator  like  Grey." — From  a 
paper  read  before  the.  Hist.  Soc'v  of  N.  York,  by  Mr.  E.  A.  Duyckinck. 

Frere,  B.    Novels,  plays,  Ac.,  1790-1813. 

Frere,  Charles.  Practice  of  Committees  in  the  H. 
of  Com.  with  respect  to  Private  Bills,  Ac.,  Westminster, 
1846,  8vo. 

Frere,  James  Hatley.  1.  A  Combined  View  of  the 
Prophecies  of  Daniel,  Esclras,  and  St.  John,  Ac.,  Lon., 
1815,  8vo.  New  ed.,  1826,  8vo.  2.  Eight  Lett,  on  the 
Proph.  rel.  to  the  last  Times,  1834,  8vo.  3.  Three  Lett, 
on  the  Proph.,  1833,  8vo.  See  Lowndes's  Brit.  Lib.,  959. 
4.  Doctrine  of  Confirmation,  p.  8vo.  5.  The  Harvest  of 
the  Earth,  1846,  12mo.  6.  The  Revolution — the  Expira 
tion  of  the  Times  of  the  Gentiles,  1848,  8vo.  7.  Notes  on 
the  Interpretation  of  the  Apocalypse,  1850,  8vo;  1852,  8vo. 

Frere,  Rt.  Hon.  John  Hookham,  of  Roydon  Hall, 
Norfolk,  1769-1846,  who  filled  several  important  diploma 
tic  posts — the  most  memorable  of  which  was  his  ministry 
in  Spain  during  the  Peninsular  War — evinced  early  in  life 
the  possession  of  great  poetical  abilities.  His  excellent 
jeu-d'esprit  entitled  Prospectus  and  Specimen  of  an  In 
tended  National  Work,  by  Wm.  and  Robt.  Whistlecraft,  Ac., 
intended  to  comprise  the  most  interesting  Particulars  re 
lating  to  King  Arthur  and  his  Round  Table,  doubtless 
suggested  to  Lord  Byron  his  disreputable  poem  of  Don 
Juan.  The  merit  of  the  Whistlecraft  poem  is  very  great, 
and  the  author  could  have  placed  his  name  among  the 
most  distinguished  poets  of  the  age,  if  his  ambition  had 
been  equal  to  his  genius.  His  translation  of  the  Saxon 
poem  on  the  victory  of  Athelstan  at  Brunnenburgh,  made 
by  him  at  a  very  early  age,  elicited  the  following  enthusi 
astic  commendations  from  eminent  authorities  : 

"  A  translation  made  by  a  school-boy  in  the  eighteenth  century 
of  this  Saxon  poem  of  the  tenth  century  into  the  English  of  the 
fourteenth  century,  is  a  double  imitation,  unmatched,  perhaps,  in 
literary  history,  in  which  the  writer  gave  an  earnest  of  that  faculty 
of  catching  the  peculiar  genius  and  preserving  the  characteristic 
manner  of  his  original;  which,  though  the  specimens  of  it  be  too 
few,  places  him  alone  among  English  translators."— Sir  James 
Mackintosh's  Hist,  of  Eng. 

"I  have  only  met,  in  my  researches  into  these  matters,  with  one 
poem  which,  if  it  had  been  produced  as  ancient,  could  not  have 
been  detected  on  internal  evidence.  It  is  the  War  Song  upon  the 
victory  at  Brunnanburgh,  translated  from  the  Anglo-Saxon  into 
Anglo-Norman,  by  the  Right  Hon.  John  Hookham  Frere.  See 
Ellis's  Specimens  of  English  Poetry,  vol.  i.  p.  32.  The  accomplished 
editor  tells  us,  that  this  very  singular  poem  was  intended  as  an 
imitation  of  the  style  and  language  of  the  fourteenth  century,  and 
was  written  during  the  controversy  occasioned  by  the  poems  attri 
buted  to  Rowley.  Mr.  Ellis  adds—'  The  reader  will  probably  hear 
with  some  surprise  that  this  singular  instance  of  critical  ingenuity 
was  the  composition  of  an  Eton  schoolboy.' " — SIR  WALTER  SCOTT  : 
Essay  on  Imitation  of  the  Ancient  Ballads,  (written  in  1830 ;)  see 
Poetical  Works. 

Some  interesting  particulars  connected  with  Frere,  who 
was  one  of  the  founders  of  the  London  Quar.  Rev.  and  a 
contributor  to  the  Etonian  and  the  Anti-Jacobin,  will  be 
found  in  Lockhart's  Life  of  Sir  Walter  Scott,  and  in  Lon. 
Gent.  Mag.,  March  and  April,  1846.  Frere  expressed  a 
warm  admiration  of  Scott's  Sir  Tristrem,  declaring  it  to  be 

"The  most  interesting  work  that  has  yet  been  published  on  the 
subject  of  our  earlier  poets,  and,  indeed,  such  a  piece  of  literary 
antiquity  as  no  one  could  have,  d  priori,  supposed  to  exist," 

This  eulogy  delighted  Scott  greatly,  and  he  wrote  to 
Ellis,  who  had  quoted  Frere's  opinion, 

"  Frere  is  so  perfect  a  master  of  the  ancient  style  of  composition, 
that  I  would  rather  have  his  suffrage  than  that  of  a  whole  synod 
of  your  vulgar  antiquaries."—  Ubi  supra;  and  see  Southey's  Life 
and  Corresp.;  and  Miss  Mitford's  Recollec.  of  a  Lit.  Life. 

Mr.  Frere  died  at  his  residence  in  the  Pieta  Malta,  where 
he  had  lived  for  a  number  of  years. 

Frese,  James.  1.  England's  Perspective  Glass,  Lon., 
1646,  4to.  2.  Com.  Law  of  Eng.,  1656,  4to. 

Fresselicque,  John.  1.  Serm.,  Lon.,  1793,  4to. 
2.  Serm.,  Gosp.,  1794,  8vo. 

Freston,  A.  1.  Poems,  1787,  8vo.  2.  Elegy,  Lon., 
1787,  4to.  3.  Discourse  on  the  Laws,  1792,  4to.  4.  Evi- 


FRE 

dences  for  the  Divinity  of  Christ,  1807,  8vo.     5.  Serms.,  ' 
1809,  Svo. 

Freval,  John  Baptist  De.  1.  Orationes  qusedam  in 
TJniversitate  Oxoniensi,  habitae,  Lon.,  1743,  8vo.  2.  Vin- 
dic.  of  Dr.  Frewer,  1743,  8vo.  This  is  a  vindication  of  the 
Archbishop  of  York  from  the  alleged  misrepresentations 
of  Dr.  Drake,  in  his  Hist,  of  York. 

Frewen,  Accepted.  La  Spectacle  de  la  Nature. 
Trans,  from  Antoine  Noel  de  Pleuch,  Lon.,  1739, 4  vols.  8vo. 

FreAven,  John.     Two  theolog.  treatises,  1587,  1621. 

Frewen,  Thomas,  M.D.     Profess,  works,  1749-80. 

Frewin,  Richard,  and  Win.  Sims.  Rates  of  Mer 
chandise,  1782,  8vo.  R.  F.  and  N.  Jickling;  Digested 
Abridgt.  of  the  Laws  of  the  Customs,  Lon.,  1819,  8vo. 

Frey,  Rev.  Joseph  Samuel  C.  F.,  d.  1850,  at  Pon-  i 
tiac,  Michigan,  in  his  79th  year,  born  of  Jewish  parents  in 
Germany,  became  a  Christian  when  about  25  years  of  age, 
came  to  the  U.  States  in  1816,  was  for  some  time  a  Pres-  , 
byterian  minister  in  New  York,  and  subsequently  became  a 
Baptist  preacher.     He  laboured  both  in  England  and  this  j 
country  as  a  missionary  of  societies  established  for  the  con-  ! 
version  of  the  Jews.     1.  Narrative,  Lon.,  1809,  '12, 12mo.  i 
2.  Vanderhooght's  Hebrew  Bible,  Pt.  1, 1811,  8vo.    3.  Biblia  j 
Hebraica.  4.  A  Hebrew  Gram,  in  the  Eng.  Lan.,  Lon.,  1813,  j 
8vo.     New  ed.,  by  George  Downes,  1823,  Svo;  10th  ed., 
1839,  8vo. 

"  Mr.  Frey's  mode  of  teaching  the  Hebrew  is  very  masterly." — 
Lon.  Month.  Rev.,  N.  S.,  Ivii.  55. 

5.  Hebrew  Letter  and  Eng.  Dictionary,  Pts.  1  and  2, 1816, 
Svo,  £4  16s.;  royal  paper,  £7  4».;  3d  ed.,  1842,  Svo. 

"  A  book  of  more  promise  than  performance,  and  now  entirely 
superseded  by  the  valuable  Lexicon  of  Gesenius." — Home's  Bibl. 
Bib. 

11  The  author,  at  least  in  regard  to  Hebrew  learning,  appears  to 
Lave  continued  a  Jew.  He  is  a  devoted  disciple  of  the  Rabbins, 
whom  he  seems  to  have  considered  the  only  authorities  in  Hebrew 
literature.  Little  appears  in  his  writings  of  any  acquaintance  with 
the  modern  oriental  scholars,  either  of  the  Continent  or  Great 
Britain.  As  a  large  vocabulary,  the  book  may  be  of  some  use  to  a 
learner;  but  it  has  added  nothing  to  our  stock  of  Hebrew  know 
ledge  as  a  dictionary." — Orme's  Bibl.  Bib. 

6.  Joseph  and  Benjamin,  2  vols.  12mo.     This,  the  most 
popular  of  his  works,  is  intended  to  illustrate  the  points 
of  difference  between  Jews  and  Christians.     7.  Judah  and 
Israel;  or,  the  Restoration  of  Christianity,  1837,  12mo. 
8.  Hebrew  Reader,  N.  York.     9.  Hebrew  Student's  Pocket 
Companion.     10.  Jewish  Intelligencer,  vol.  i.     11.  Pass 
over.     12.  Lectures  on  the  Scripture  Types,  1841,  2  vols. 
12mo.     See  an  account  of  Mr.  F.  in  the  N.  Y.  Internat. 
Mag.,  i.  11. 

Frick,  Charles,  M.D.  Renal  Affections;  their  Diag 
nosis  and  Pathology,  Lon.,  1850,  12mo. 

Frick,  George,  M.D.  Diseases  of  the  Eye,  by  Well- 
bank,  Lon.,  Svo. 

Frick,  Wm.  The  Laws  of  the  Sea,  with  reference  to 
Maritime  Correspondence;  trans,  from  the  German  of 
Frederick  J.  Jacobsen,  (Altona,  1815,)  Bait.,  1818,  Svo. 

"  Mr.  Frick  appears  to  be  perfectly  competent  to  his  task,  both  in 
learning  and  diligence;  and,  so  far  as  he  has  permitted  himself  to 
appear  in  the  notes,  he  has  acquitted  himself  in  a  manner  very 
creditable  to  his  talents  and  his  acquirements." — JUDGE  STORY: 
JV.  A.  Rev.,  vii.  323-347. 

"We  know  of  no  one  work  on  general  maritime  jurisprudence, 
in  the  whole  bibliotheca  legum,  that  we  can  more  strongly  recom 
mend." — Hoffman's  Leg.  Siu.,  475 ;  and  see  p.  471. 

Fridegorde,  flourished  956,  a  monk  of  Dover,  wrote 
in  956,  in  heroic  verse,  the  Life  of  Wilfrid.  The  old  biblio- 

fraphers  also  ascribe  to  him,  1.  The  Life  of  St.  Audoenus. 
.  A  Treatise  de  muliere  peccatrice  in  Evangelio.  3.  Hie- 
rusalem  supra.  4.  De  Visione  Beatorum.  5.  Contempla- 
tiones  variae.  The  Life  oY  Wilfrid,  which  is  extant,  is  a 
metrical  version  of  Eddius  Stephanus.  It  will  be  found  in 
Mabillon,  Acta  Sanctorum,  <fec.,  Saeculum  III.,  pars  prima, 
fol.,  Lutecise,  Paris,  1672,  pp.  171-196.  Ib. ;  Ssec.  IV.,  pars 
prima,  pp.  722-726.  See  Wright's  Biog.  Brit.  Lit.,  Anglo- 
Saxon  Period. 

Friend.     See  FREIND. 

Frierson,  Henry.     Livesey's  Victory,  1648,  fol. 

Frike,  Joseph.  1.  Guide  to  Harmony,  Lon.,  1793, 
4to.  2.  Treatise  on  Thorough  Bass,  4to. 

Fringo,  P.     Treatise  on  Phrensy,  Lon.,  1746,  8vo. 

Frisbie,  Levi,  1748-1806,  minister  of  Ipswich,  Mass., 
graduated  at  Dartmouth  College  in  1771,  laboured  for  some 
time  as  a  missionary  among  the  Delaware  Indians  west  of 
the  Ohio.  Orations  and  Serms.,  1783-1804. 

Frisbie,  Levi,  1784-1822,  son  of  the  preceding,  gra 
duated  at  Harvard  University  in  1798;  appointed  Latin 
tutor  in  his  college,  1805;  Prof,  of  the  Latin  language, 
1811 ;  Prof,  of  Moral  Philosophy,  1817.  He  was  a  contri 
butor  to  The  North  American  Review,  The  Christian  Dis 
ciple,  and  The  Monthly  Anthology ;  and  his  writings  are 


FRO 

thought  to  display  talents  of  no  ordinary  character.  Some 
of  his  philosophical  lectures,  a  number  of  his  poems,  and 
papers  first  pub:  in  periodicals,  and  a  memoir  of  his  life, 
were  pub.  in  1823,  8vo,  by  his  friend,  Prof.  Andrews  Norton. 

Frith,  or  Fryth,  John,  burnt  at  Smithfield,  July  4, 
1533,  was  the  son  of  an  inn-keeper  at  Sevenoaks,  in  Kent. 
He  studied  both  at  Oxford  and  Cambridge,  and  was  early 
distinguished  for  his  proficiency  in  learning.  His  advocacy 
of  the  doctrines  of  the  Reformation  caused  him  to  be  sent 
to  the  Tower  by  Sir  Thomas  More,  then  Lord-Chancellor, 
with  whom  he  held  a  personal  controversy,  without  any 
change  being  effected  in  the  opinions  of  either  disputant. 
Remaining  firm  to  his  convictions,  it  occurred  to  his  oppo 
nents  that,  if  they  could  not  out-argue  him,  they  could  burn 
him,  and  this  charitable  settlement  of  the  matter  was  not 
delayed.  He  pub.  A  Disputacion  of  Purgatorye,  and  some 
other  theolog.  treatises :  see  vol.  viii. — containing  the  writ 
ings  of  Tyndale,  Frith,  and  Barnes — of  the  British  Reform 
ers,  Lon.  Tract  Soc.,  12  vols.  12mo ;  vol.  iii.  of  The  Works  of 
the  Eng.  and  Scot.  Reformers,  edited  by  Thomas  Russell, 
1828,  3  vols.  Svo.  These  three  vols.,  all  that  have  been 
pub.  of  this  series,  contain :  Tyndale's  Prologues  to  the 
Books  of  Moses  and  Book  of  Jonas ;  Parable  of  the  Wicked 
Mammon  ;  Obedience  of  a  Christian  Man ;  Practice  of  Pre 
lates:  Answer  to  More's  Dialogue;  Exposition  of  chap,  v., 
vi.,  vii.,  of  Matthew,  and  of  the  First  Epistle  of  John ;  Path 
way  to  Scripture ;  On  the  Sacraments ;  Frith's  Life  and  Mar 
tyrdom;  On  Purgatory;  Bulwark  against  Rastell;  Judg 
ment  on  Tracy's  Testament;  Letter  from  the  Tower;  a 
Mirror;  On  Baptism;  Christ  and  the  Pope;  Articles;  the 
Eucharist;  Epistle. 

His  Life,  and  a  selection  from  his  Writing?,  will  be  found 
in  vol.  i.  of  The  Fathers  of  the  English  Church,  edited  by 
the  Rev.  Legh  Richmond,  1807-12,  8  vols.  Svo.  We  have 
already  referred  to  the  collection  of  the  works  of  Wm. 
Tyndale,  John  Frith,  and  Robert  Barnes,  (see  these  names,) 
by  John  Fox,  the  Martyrologist,  1573,  fol.  See  Fox,  JOHN. 

Frith,  Rev.  W.  C.     Parish  Registers,  1811,  Svo. 

Frizell,  Rev.  W.  Expositor  and  Sunday  Family  In 
structor,  1812,  &c.,  Svo.  This  was  a  periodical. 

Frobenius,  Dr.     Chem.  con.  to  Phil.  Trans.,  1730. 

Frobisher,  Sir  Martin,  d.  1594,  an  enterprising 
navigator  and  naval  hero,  was  a  native  of  Yorkshire.  He 
is  generally  named  as  the  first  Englishman  who  attempted 
to  find  a  North-West  Passage  to  China;  but  Sir  Hugh 
Willoughby  has  also  been  thought  entitled  to  the  head  of 
the  list.  See  BEST,  GEORGE;  FRANKLIN,  SIR  JOHN;  SET 
TLE,  DIONYSE,  in  the  present  vol.  Frobisher's  three  voy 
ages,  1576,  '77,  '78,  will  be  found  in  Pinkerton's  Collection 
of  Voyages  and  Travels,  vol.  xii. ;  a  life  of  Frobisher  in 
the  Biog.  Brit.,  and  some  remarks  on  the  errors  in  the 
original  map  of  his  Voyages,  will  be  found  in  Pennant's 
Introduc.  to  Arctic  Zoology. 

Frokelewe,  John  De.  Annales  Edwardi  II.,  Hen- 
rici  de  Blaneforde  Chronica.  Et  Edwardi  II.,  Vita,  <fcc., 
Edit,  a  Thorn.  Hearne,  Oxf.,  1729,  Svo. 

Frome,  John  Sibree.     Serm.,  1813. 

Frome,  Samuel  Blake.  1.  The  Songs  in  the  Opera 
of  Sketches  from  Life,Lon.,1809,8vo.  2.  Poems,1813,12mo. 

Fromento,  John  F.     French  Verbs,  Lon.,  1796,  4to. 

Frommenius,  Andrew.  Synopsis  Metaphysica, 
Oxon.,  1669,  Svo. 

Fromondus  Libertus.  Meteorologica,Lon.,1670,8vo. 

Frost,  B.,  of  Glamsforth.     Serm.,  1741,  Svo. 

Frost,  Charles.  Witnesses  in  Civil  Actions,  1815, 8vo. 

Frost,  Charles.  Notices  relative  to  the  Early  His 
tory  of  the  Town  and  Port  of  Hull,  1827,  4to. 

"  It  will,  we  hope,  be  inferred  from  what  we  have  said  of  Mr. 
Frost's  work,  that  we  appreciate  the  labour  and  research  which  it 
displays."— Lon.  Retrosp.  Rev.,  JV.  S.,  1827,  i.  194-204. 

Those  who  are  interested  in  Hull  should  read  Frost's 
book,  and  the  review  from  which  we  have  quoted. 

Frost,  J.    Scientific  Swimming,  Lon.,  1816,  demy  8vo. 

"  If  we  had  no  other  motive  than  that  kind  of  anticipation  of 
possible  utility,  which  the  thoughtful  will  ever  connect  with  the 
art  of  swimming,  we  should  incline  to  commend  Mr.  Frost's  per 
formance.  But  his  precepts  deserve  attention  for  other  causes 
also.  The  plates  are  a  considerable  advantage  to  the  work."— Lon. 
Literary  Panorama,  July,  1816.  See  also  Critical  Review  of  the 
same  month,  and  Monthly  Review,  May,  1817. 

Frost,  John,  Fellow  of  St.  John's  Coll.,  Camb.,  sub 
sequently  pastor  of  the  Church  at  St.  Olave's,  Hart  St., 
London.  Select  Serms.,  Camb.,  1658,  fol.  Prefixed  is  a 
portrait  of  the  author  by  Vaughan. 

Frost,  John.  Remarks  on  the  Mustard-Tree  men 
tioned  in  the  N.  Test.,  Lon..  1827,  Svo. 

Frost,  John,  b.  in  Kennebunk,  Maine,  in  1800,  en 
tered  Bowdoin  College,  1818;  passed  to  Harvard  College, 
Cambridge,  1819;  graduated  at  Harvard,  1822;  appointed 


FRO 


FRY 


Head  Master  of  Mayhew  School,  Boston,  1823.  Removed 
to  Phila.,  1828  ;  conducted  a  private  school  for  young 
ladies  till  1838,  when  he  was  appointed  Professor  of  Belles- 
Lettres  in  the  Central  High  School,  which  situation  he 
resigned  in  1845.  Since  then  he  has  been  engaged  in 
compiling  books  for  popular  use.  He  has  published  a 
great  number  of  works,  chiefly  school  and  juvenile  books, 
and  historical  and  biographical  compilations,  intended  for 
distribution  by  subscription  agents.  The  Pictorial  History 
of  the  United  States,  3  vols.  8vo,  seems  to  have  been  popu- 
lar,  as  upwards  of  50,000  copies  have  been  sold.  The  Pic 
torial  History  of  the  World,  3  vols.  8vo,  has  also  had  a  wide 
circulation.  Among  the  numerous  titles  of  Dr.  Frost's  books 
are  Lives  of  American  Generals,  and  Lives  of  the  Ame 
rican  Naval  Commanders,  Book  of  the  Army,  Book  of 
the  Navy,  and  many  others  illustrating  American  History. 

Frost,  Quintiii.  The  Harper,  and  other  Poems,  Lon., 
1806,  8vo. 

Frost,  Richard,  d.  1778,  aged  78,  a  Dissenting  mi 
nister  of  Great  Yarmouth,  Norfolk.  Serins.,  1729-52. 

Frothingham,  Nathaniel  Langdon,  D.D.,  b. 
1793,  at  Boston,  Mass.,  graduated  at  Harvard  in  1811,  was 
at  the  age  of  nineteen  appointed  instructor  in  Rhetoric  and 
Oratory  in  the  college,  (the  first  incumbent  of  the  office,) 
and  in  1815  became  pastor  of  the  First  Congregational 
Church  in  Boston.  Dr.  F.  retained  this  post  for  the  long 
term  of  35  years,  resigning  in  1850,  in  consequence  of  ill- 
health.  1.  Deism,  or  Christianity,  in  four  discourses, 
Boston,  1845.  2.  Serins,  in  the  order  of  a  Twelvemonth, 
1852,  8vo.  3.  Metrical  Pieces,  translated  and  original, 
1855,  16mo,  highly  commended.  Dr.  F.  has  also  pub. 
about  fifty  occasional  serins,  and  addresses.  His  principal 
poem  is  a  version  of  The  Phenomena  or  Appearances  of 
the  Stars,  from  the  Greek  of  Aratus.  His  translations  from 
the  German  have  elicited  warm  commendations  from  those 
best  qualified  to  judge  of  them. 

"  A  singular  grace  of  expression  and  refinement  pervades  the 
prose  writings  of  Dr.  Frothingham,  and  his  poetry  is  also  marked 
by  exquisite  finish  and  tasteful  elegance.  His  works  are  among 
the  best  models  of  composition  which  contemporary  New  England 
scholars  will  present  to  posterity." — Griswold's  Poets  and  Poetry 
of  America,  16th  ed.,  1855,  q.  v. 

Frothingham,  Richard,  Jr.  Hist,  of  the  Siege  of 
Boston,  and  of  the  Battles  of  Lexington,  Concord,  and 
Bunker  Hill.  Also  an  Account  of  the  Bunker  Hill  Monu 
ment,  with  Illustrative  Documents.  Embellished  with  16 
Maps  and  Engravings,  Boston,  1849,  8vo ;  2d  ed.,  1851,  8vo. 

"The  accurate  and  judicious  historian  of  Charlestpwn,  Mr. 
Richard  Frothingham,  Jr." — Edward  Everett's  Orations  and 
Speeches,  3d  ed.,  i.  183. 

"In  my  judgment  the  Siege  of  Boston  excels  any  that  has  ap 
peared  on  insulated  points  of  our  history.  It  is  the  best  of  our 
historic  monographs  that  I  have  seen.  Its  author  has  been  patient 
in  research,  and  very  successful;  has  been  most  impartial;  has 
brought  to  excellent  materials  a  sound  and  healthy  judgment; 
and,  after  finishing  all  this,  his  work  is  pervaded  with  a  modesty 
which  lends  a  new  charm  to  its  merit." — GEORGE  BANCROFT,  the 
Historian  of  the  United  States. 

Froude,  James  Anthony,  Fellow  of  Exeter  Coll., 
Oxford.  1.  Shadows  of  the  Clouds,  Lon.,  1847,  8vo. 

"  Mr.  Froude  is  no  common  writer :  his  style  is  vivid  and  em 
phatic  ;  he  touches  some  of  the  most  secret  springs  of  the  heart's 
passions ;  he  enchains  our  sympathies." — John  Bull. 

2.  The  Nemesis  of  Faith ;  2d  ed.,  1849,  p.  8vo :  see  re 
views  in  Fraser's  Mag.,  xxxix.  445 ;  Bost.  Chris.  Exam., 
(by  S.  Osgood,)  xlvii.  93.  3.  The  Book  of  Job,  1854,  p.  8vo. 
4.  Hist,  of  Eng.:  vols.  i.,  ii.,  1856;  2ded.,  1858;  iii.,iv.,  1858. 

Froude,  Richard  Hurrell,  1803-1836,  entered 
Oriel  Coll.,  Oxf.,  1821;  elected  Fellow,  1826;  Tutor,  1827- 
30;  ordained  deacon,  1828;  priest,  1829.  Remains, 
Lon.,  1838-39,  4  vols.  8vo.  The  publication  of  these 
vols.,which  are  of  the  Oxford  Tract  School,  elicited  a  warm 
controversy. 

"  The  publication  of  Froude's  Remains  is  likely  to  do  more  harm 

than is  capable  of  doing.  The  Oxford  School  has  acted  most 

unwisely  in  giving  its  sanction  to  such  a  deplorable  example  of 
oiis, ooon  zea1-"— ^OBERT  SOUTHEY  :  Letter  to  Rev.  John  Miller,  July 

4i,  looo, 

"  Mr.  Froude,  or  rather  his  editors,  appear  to  have  fallen  into 
the  error  of  supposing  that  his  profession  gave  him  not  merely  the 
right  to  admonish,  but  the  privilege  to  scold.  ...  A  good  and 
able  man,  a  ripe  ^Jar,  and  *  devout  Christian.»-SiR  JAS.  STE- 
PHEX  :  tht  lives  of  Whttfield  and  Froude,  in  Edin.  Rev.,  1838. 

Frowde,  Capt.  Neville,  of  Cork.  His  Life,  Extra 
ordinary  Adventures,  Voyages,  and  Surprising  Escapes, 
Lon.,  1708,  8vo. 

Frowde,  Philip,  d.  1738,  an  English  poet,  was  edu 
cated  at  Oxford,  where  he  formed  a  friendship  with  Joseph 
Addison,  who  took  pains  to  introduce  him  to  those  whose 
good  will  would  be  likely  to  profit  him,  and  pub.  some  of 
his  Latin  poems  in  the  Musae  Anglicanoe.  He  wrote  two 
tragedies :— 1.  The  Fall  of  Saguntum,  1727,  8vo;  2.  Phi- 


lotas ;  both  unsuccessful  in  representation,  yet  not  without 
i  literary  merit. 

"Mr.  Frowde's  tragedies  have  more  poetry  than  pathos,  more 

beauties  of  language  to  please  in  the  closet,  than  strokes  of  inci- 

!  dent  and  action  to  strike  and  astonish  in  the  theatre;  and  conse- 

|  quently  they  might  force  a  due  applause  from  the  reading,  at  the 

same  time  that  they  might  appear  very  heavy,  and  even  insipid, 

I  in  the  representation." — Bing.  Dramat.,  q.  v. 

Froysell,   Thomas,  d.  1672.      1.  Serm.,  1651,  4to. 
|  2.  Serms.,  1658,  8 vo.    3.  Serm.,  Lon.,  1658, 12mo.    4.  Serins. 
!  cone.  Grace  and  Temptation ;  with  an  Account  of  his  Life 
by  R.  Steel,  1678,  8vo. 

"  A  divine  of  extraordinary  worth,  Moderation,  Blameless  Living, 
and  an  excellent  preacher,  of  Clun,  Shropshire." — Palmer's  Non 
conformists,  vol.  ii. 

Fry,  Alfred  A.  1.  Case  of  the  Canadian  Prisoners, 
with  an  Introduc.  on  the  Habeas  Corpus,  Lon.,  1839,  8vo. 
2.  Genl.  Highways  Act,  with  Notes,  1843,  12mo.  3.  Do., 
with  Surveyor's  Guide,  12mo.  4.  Stat.  rel.  to  Parishes, 
1844,  ISmo. 

Fry,  Anne.  The  Voice  of  Truth ;  or,  Proofs  of  the 
Divine  Origin  of  Scripture,  1807,  12mo. 

Fry,  Caroline.     Hist,  of  Eng.  in  Verse,  1802, 12mo. 
Fry,  Caroline.     See  WILSON. 

Fry,  D.  P.  1.  Local  Taxes  of  the  United  Kingdom, 
Lon.,  1846,  r.  8vo.  2.  Poor  Law  Acts  of  1851.  Introduc. 
Notes  and  Index,  1851,  12mo. 

Fry,  Edmund,  M.D.  1.  Spec,  of  Printing  Types, 
Lon.,  1785,  '98,  8vo.  2.  Pantographia;  copies  of  all  the 
known  Alphabets,  <fec.,  1798,  r.  8vo. 

"  The  specimens  of  characters  in  this  interesting  and  laborious 
work  are  executed  with  great  neatness." — Watt's  Bibl.  Brit. 

Fry,  Mrs.  Elizabeth,  1780-1845,  one  of  the  most 
eminent  of  modern  philanthropists,  a  sister  of  Joseph  John 
Gurney,  equally  well  known  for  public  and  private  use 
fulness,  was  a  native  of  Norwich,  England.  In  1800  she 
was  married  to  Mr.  Fry,  and  became  the  mother  of  a  large 
family.  For  an  account  of  her  '•  abundant  labours"  in 
prisons  and  among  the  captives  of  ignorance,  we  must 
refer  to  the  Memoirs  of  her  which  have  been  given  to  the 
world.  Mrs.  Fry  pub.  Observations  on  visiting  Female 
Prisoners,  Texts  for  every  Day  in  the  Year;  new  ed.,  Lon., 
1850,  64mo,  &o.  1.  Memoirs,  Letters,  and  Journal,  edited 
by  two  of  her  daughters,  1847,  2  vols.  8vo;  2d  ed.,  1848. 

"We  rise  from  its  perusal  with  softened  yet  elevated  thoughts. 
It  is  worthy — no  mean  praise — to  take  its  place  upon  our  shelves 
beside  the  more  rugged  but  equally  kind  and  catholic  journal  of 
George  Fox,  the  great  founder  of  the  society.  .  *  .  It  is  a  book  to 
make  a  kind  man's  eye  sparkle  benignantly." — Lon.  Examiner. 

"  A  woman  of  whom  her  country  may  justly  be  proud,  and 
whose  name  may  well  be  enrolled  among  the  benefactors  of  the 
human  race." — British  Critic. 

2.  Memoirs  of,  by  Rev.  T.  Timpson,  1846,  12mo;  2d  ed., 
1847 ;  3d  ed.,  1853.  3.  Life  of,  compiled  from  her  Journal, 
by  Susannah  Corder,  1853,  8vo. 

Lady  Holland  gives  us  an  interesting  extract  from  a 
sermon  preached  by  her  father,  the  late  Rev.  Sydney 
Smith,  after  visiting' Newgate  with  Mrs.  Fry: 

"Indeed  the  subject  of  imprisonment  occupied  his  mind  so 
much,  that  during  a  visit  to  town,  having  been  much  interested 
by  the  account  of  Mrs.  Fry's  benevolent  exertions  in  prison,  he 
requested  permission  to  accompany  her  to  Newgate;  and  I  have 
heard  him  say  he  never  felt  more  deeply  affected  or  impressed  than 
by  the  beautiful  spectacle  he  there  witnessed :  it  made  him,  he 
said,  weep  like  a  child.  In  a  sermon  he  preached  shortly  after,  he 
introduced  the  following  passage: 

"  'There  is  a  spectacle  which  this  town  now  exhibits,  that  I  will 
venture  to  call  the  most  solemn,  the  most  Christian,  the  most  affect 
ing,  which  any  human  being  ever  witnessed.  To  see  that  holy  wo 
man  in  the  midst  of  the  wretched  prisoners,  to  see  them  all  calling 
earnestly  upon  God,  soothed  by  her  voice,  animated  by  her  look, 
clinging  to  the  hem  of  her  garment;  and  worshipping  her  as  the 
only  being  who  has  ever  loved  them,  or  taught  them,  or  noticed 
them,  or  spoken  to  them  of  God !  This  is  the  sight  which  breaks 
down  the  pageant  of  the  world;  which  tells  us  that  the  short  hour 
of  life  is  passing  away,  and  that  we  must  prepare  by  some  good 
deeds  to  meet  God;  that  it  is  time  to  give,  to  pray,  to  comfort; 
to  go,  like  this  blessed  woman,  and  do  the  work  of  our  heavenly 
Saviour,  Jesus,  among  the  guilty,  among  the  broken-hearted,  and 
the  sick,  and  to  labour  in  the  deepest  and  darkest  wretchedness 
of  life.'" 

Fry,  H.  P.     1.  System  of  Penal  Discipline,  Lon.,  8vo. 
!  2.  Apostolic  Succession,  1844,  8vo. 

'•  We  regard  this  work  as  a  great  curiosity ;  it  is  far  the  best  trea 
tise  that  has  come  under  our  notice,  from  the  Tractarian  school,  on 
I  these  very  difficult  subjects;  full  of  learning  and  information  of 
the  right  kind." — Church  of  Eng.  Quar.  Rev. 

Fry,  J.  Reese,  a  journalist  of  Philadelphia.  The 
Life  of  General  Zachary  Taylor,  by  J.  R.  F.  and  Robert  T. 
Conrad,  Phila.,  12mo. 

"On  the  whole,  we  are  satisfied  that  this  volume  is  the  most  cor- 
!  rect  and  comprehensive  life  yet  published." — Hunt's  Merchant'* 
Mag. 

Fry,  James.     Serm.,  Lon.,  1789,  8vo. 
Fry,  John,  M.P.     1.  The  Accuser  Shamed,  Lon.,  1648. 
2.  The  Clergy  in  their  Colovrs;   or,  a  brief  character  of 


FRY 


FUL 


them,  1650,  18mo.  Both  ordered  to  be  burned  by  the 
Sheriffs  of  London  and  Middlesex.  3.  Divine  Beams  of 
Glorious  Light,  1651,  4to. 

Fry,  John.  Marriage  between  near  kindred,  Lon., 
1756,  '73,  8vo. 

Fry,  John.  Selec.  from  Thos.  Carew's  Poet.  Works, 
•with  a  Life  and  Notes,  Lon.,  1810,  8vo.  2.  The  Legend 
of  Mary,  Queen  of  Scots,  and  other  Ancient  Poems  from 
MSS.  of  the  16th  Century,  1804,  4to  and  8vo. 

Fry,  John,  Rector  of  Desford,  brother  of  Caroline  Fry, 
afterwards  Mrs.  Wilson.  1.  Canticles,  or  Song  of  Solomon  ; 
a  new  Trans.,  Lon.,  1811,  8vo;  2d  ed.,  1825. 

"  In  this  publication  the  author's  plan  is  first  to  give  an  accurate 
translation  of  the  Song  of  Solomon,  and  to  show  the  nature  and 
design  of  the  book.  He  has  availed  himself  of  the  labours  of  pre 
vious  translators,  especially  Bishop  Percy  and  Dr.  J.  M.  Good ;  after 
the  latter  of  whom  he  considers  the  Song  of  Solomon  as  a  collec 
tion  of  idyls  or  little  poems,  which  are  designed  for  instruction  and 
edification  in  the  mysteries  of  our  holy  religion.  Though  the 
translator  has  taken  much  pains  in  consulting  other  writers,  his 
work  bears  ample  testimony  that  he  has  not  servilely  followed 
them,  but  has  evidently  thought  for  himself." — Home's  Bibl.  Bib. 

2.  The  Sick  Man's  Friend,  Leicester,  1814,  8vo.  3.  Pre 
sent  for  the  Convalescent,  12ino.  4.  Lect.,  Explan.  and 
Prac.,  on  Romans,  1816,  8vo;  1825. 

"  Although  the  writer  of  these  remarks  can  by  no  means  agree 
with  Mr.  F.  in  his  doctrinal  views,  he  cheerfully  adds  that  it  is 
almost  impossible  to  peruse  a  single  lecture  without  being  deeply 
impressed  with  the  important  practical  considerations  which  are 
earnestly  urged  upon  the  reader's  attention." — HORNE. 

"  Devotional  and  practical."— Bickersteth's  Chriatiun  Sttulent. 

5.  Lyra  Davidis;  or,  a  New  Trans,  and  Expos,  of  the 
Psalms,  on  the  principles  of  Bishop  Horsley,  Lon.,  1819, 
8vo;  2ded.,  1842. 

"  The  love  of  system  or  hypothesis  is  carried  to  the  utmost  length. 
Mr.  Fry  is  a  Hutchinsonian  or  Horsleyan,  to  the  very  core.  The 
Psalms  are  not  translated,  but  travestied.  The  opinion  or  system 
of  the  translator  rather  than  a  version  of  the  Psalms,  is  constantly 
obtruded  on  us.  The  utmost  violence  is  often  done  to  the  mean 
ing  of  words,  to  the  construction  of  sentences,  and  to  the  design 
of  the  inspired  writer,  in  order  to  support  a  useless  and  ungrounded 
hypothesis.  The  book  contains  learning,  and  is  also  orthodox :  but 
is  on  the  whole  an  indifferent  performance." — Orme's  Bibl.  Bib. 

"  It  is  subject  to  the  same  defects  which  characterize  all  those 
interpreters  of  the  Book  of  Psalms  who  expound  them  wholly  of 
the  Messiah."— Home's  Bibl.  Bib. 

"  On  the  plan  of  Bp.  Horsley  and  Mr.  Allix,  but  much  farther 
extended  than  Horsley,  or  perhaps  than  he  justly  maintained. . . . 
I  have  found  this  work  throw  much  light  on  the  Psalms." — BICK 
ERSTETH. 

6.  The  Second  Advent,  1822,  2  vols.  8vo. 

"  There  is  scarce  a  prophecy  in  the  Old  Testament  concerning 
Christ  which  doth  not,  in  something  or  other,  relate  to  his  second 
coming." — SIR  ISAAC  NEWTON. 

"  Fry's  work  on  the  Second  Advent  is  designed  purposely  to 
bring  the  prophecies  together  on  this  subject,  and  to  illustrate 
them." — BICKERSTETH. 

"It  is  generally  allowed  to  be  an  admirable  work." — Lowndes's 
Brit.  Lib. 

7.  A  Short  Hist,  of  the  Christian  Church,  1825,  8vo.    An 
excellent  work,  on  the  plan  of  Milner's  History. 

"In  Fry's  History  we  have  in  one  volume  a  history  of  the  church 
at  large;  but  we  yet  want,  in  a  single  volume,  a  history  of  the 
church  in  our  country  to  the  present  time." — BICKERSTETH. 

This  want  has  since  been  supplied.  See  BAXTER,  JOHN  A. 

8.  A  New  Trans,  and  Expos,  of  the  Book  of  Job,  1827, 8vo. 
"Opposing  the  rationalists." — Bickersteth's  Christian  Student. 

9.  Observ.  on  the  Unfulfilled  Prophecies  of  Scripture, 
1838,  8vo. 

"  A  most  interesting  volume." — Presbyterian  Rev. 

"  Many  valuable  thoughts  in  this  work." — Bickersteth's  Christian 
Student. 

Fry,  John.  1.  Cat.  of  Valuable  Old  Books,  including 
several  Specimens  of  Early  Printing,  Bristol,  1814.  2.  Bib 
liographical  Memoranda;  in  Illustration  of  Early  Eng. 
Lit.,  1816,  sm.  4to.  Only  ninety-nine  printed,  at  £3  13s.  6d. 
Some  very  silly  remarks  occur  on  pages  85,  86. 

Fry,  Richard.     Serms.,  Lon.,  1795,  '99,  8vo. 

Fry,  Samuel.     Serms.,  Lon.,  1745,  '56,  '59,  8vo. 

Fry,  Rev.  Thomas.  The  Guardian  of  Public  Credit; 
a  new  System  of  Finance,  Lon.,  1797,  8vo. 

Fry,  Thomas,  Rector  of  Emberton,  Bucks.  Funl. 
Serm.  on  Mrs.  J.  S.  Stevens,  Camb.,  1832,  8vo. 

Fry,  Wm.  New  Vocabulary  of  the  most  difficult 
Words  in  the  Eng.  Lan.,  Lon.,  1784,  12mo. 

Fry,  Wm.  H.  Complete  Treat,  on  Artificial  Fish- 
Breeding,  Lon.,  1854,  p.  8vo.  We  have  here  the  substance 
of  four  French  and  three  English  books,  and  trans,  of 
French  reports  on  this  interesting  subject. 

"The  discovery  of  artificial  fish-culture  claims  to  show  how,  at 
little  care  and  little  cost,  barren  or  impoverished  streams  may  be 
etocked  to  an  unlimited  extent  with  the  rarest  and  most  valuable 
breeds  of  fish,  from  eggs  artificially  procured,  impregnated,  and 
hatched."— Extract  from  Preface. 

See  copious  extracts  in  Boston  Living  Aee,  vol.  xliv., 
pp.  24-30. 


Frye,  C.  B.     Cutting  for  the  Stone,  Lon.,  1811,  8vo. 

Fryer,  Henry,  Surgeon.  Con.  to  Med.  Facts,  1797, 
I860;  to  Trans.  Med.  and  Chir.,  1800. 

Fryer,  John,  M.D.  New  Account  of  East  India  and 
Persia;  being  nine  years'  travels,  1672-81,  with  cuts, 
Lon.,  1698,  fol. 

"  Contains  many  curious  particulars  respecting  the  Natural  His 
tory  and  Medicine  of  these  countries." — Bibl.  Brit. 

Fryth,  John.     See  FRITH. 

Fulbeck,  or  Fulbecke,  Wm.,  b.  in  Lincoln  in  1560, 
educated  at  St.  Alban  Hall,  and  Corpus  Christi  Coll.,  Oxf., 
removed  to  Gray's  Inn,  and  became  learned  in  the  law. 
1.  Christian  Ethics,  Lon.,  1587,  8vo.  2.  Factions,  Ac.  of 
the  Romans  and  Italians,  1600,  '01,  4to.  3.  A  Direction  or 
Preparatiue  to  the  Study  of  the  Lawe,  1600-20,  8vo.  By 
T.  H.  Stirling,  1829,  8vo. 

"  Sir  Tho.  Kgerton,  Lord  Chancellor,  publickly  declared  on  the 
bench,  '  That  he  did  never  read  any  book  of  this  subject  that  bet 
ter  pleased  him  for  stile  and  method.'  Hie  auribus  audivi,  T  [ho] 
S  [andersonj  Line.  Hosp.,  1600."— MS.  Note :  see  Lowndes's  Bibl. 
Man. 

4.  A  Parallele  or  Conference  of  the  Civill  Law,  the  Ca 
non  Law,  and  the  Common  Law  of  this  Realme  of  Eng 
land.     Digested  in  sundry  Dialogues,  1601-02,  two  parts, 
sm.  4to. 

"  But  this  book  lying  dead  on  the  bookseller's  hands,  he  put  a 
new  title  to  the  first  part,  as  if  the  whole  had  been  reprinted  at 
London,  1618,  but  to  the  second  not,  leaving  the  old  title  bearing 
date  1602."— At/ten.  Oxon. 

5.  The  Pandects  of  the  Law  of  Nations,  1602,  sm.  4to. 
6.  Abridgt.  of  Roman  Histories,  1608,  4to. 

"  A  neglected  but  ingenious  writer." — H  ARGRAVE,  in  citing  No.  4. 

Fulcher,  G.  W.  1.  Poet.  Miscell.,  Lon.,  1842,  '53, 
32mo.  2.  Village  Paupers,  and  other  Poems,  2d  ed.,  1846, 
fp.JSvo.  New  ed.,  1853. 

"  Had  Goldsmith  lived  in  those  days,  he  would  have  written 
The  Village  Paupers;  it  is  Goldsmith  Pvedivivus."— Hood's  Mag. 

"There  is  no  exaggeration,  no  striving  at  effect,  in  this  quiet 
poem,  which  is  much  in  Crabbe's  style;  but  the  unaffected  reality 
of  the  thing  renders  it  most  heart-rending."—  Charlotte  Elizabeth's 
Christian  Lady's  Mag. 

3.  Farmer's  Day-Book,  6th  ed.,  1854,  4to.  4.  Ladies 
Mem.  Book  and  Poet.  Miscell.  for  1853,  1852,  roan,  tuck. 

Fulco,  Wm.     See  FULKE. 

Fulford,  Francis,  D.D.,  formerly  Rector  of  Trow- 
bridge,  Wilts ;  Bishop  of  Montreal,  1850.  1.  Plain  Serms. 
on  the  Ch.  of  Eng.,  Lon.,  1837-40,  2  vols.  8vo.  2.  Pro 
gress  of  the  Reformation  in  Eng.,  1841,  18mo. 

Fulford,  Wm.     See  FULWOOO,  WM. 

Fulham,  John.     Serm.,  1749,  8vo. 

Fulhame,  Mrs.  Essay  on  Combustion,  Lon.,  1794,8vo. 

Fulke.     See  GREVILLE. 

Fulke,  Wm.,  D.D.,  d.  1589,  an  eminent  Puritan  di 
vine,  a  native  of  London,  educated  at  and  Fellow  (1564) 
of  St.  John's  Coll.,  Camb. ;  Rector  of  Warley,  Essex,  1571 ; 
soon  after  Rector  of  Keddington,  Suffolk.  He  was  subse- 

Siently  Master  of  Pembroke  Hall,  and  Margaret  Prof,  of 
ivinity.  1.  A  Goodly  Gallerye,  Lon.,  1563, 16mo.  With 
new  title-page,  1571.  Refers  to  meteors.  2.  The  Philo 
sopher's  Game.  This  is  a  treatise  on  Chess.  Lowndes 
ascribes  these  two  works  to  another  Wm.  Fulke.  3.  As- 
trologorum  ludus.  Played  after  the  manner  of  Chess,  but 
with  seven  pieces  representing  the  seven  planets.  4.  Serms., 
1571.  5.  Prajlectiones  in  Apocalypsium,  1573,  4to.  In  Eng 
lish  by  George  Gyffard  or  Gyfford,  1573,  4to.  6.  The  Text 
of  the  N.  Test.,  translated  out  of  the  Vulgar  Latin  by  the 
Papists  of  the  traitorous  seminarie  at  Rheiins.  Whereunto 
is  added  the  translation  out  of  the  original  Greek,  com 
monly  used  in  the  Church  of  England;  with  a  confutation 
of  all  such  arguments,  glosses,  and  annotations  as  contain 
manifest  impietie,  heresy,  treason  and  slander  against  the 
Catholic  Church  of  God,  and  the  true  teachers  thereof,  or 
the  translations  used  in  the  Church  of  England,  1580, 
'89, 1601,  fol.  And  in  1617  and  1633,  fol.,  with  a  defence 
of  the  English  trans,  of  the  Scriptures,  against  Gregorie 
Martin*  This  last  piece  was  repub.  by  the  Parker  Society, 
ediUff  by  the  Rev.  C.  H.  Hartshorne,  Camb.,  1843,  8vo ; 
and  the  same  society  repub.  Martiall's  Reply,  edited  by 
the  Rev.  Richard  Gibbings,  1848,  8vo. 

Fulke's  Text  of  the  N.  Test.,  <fcc.  is  an  invaluable  as 
sistant  to  the  Protestant  divine: 

"  This  work  may  be  said  to  iinbody  the  whole  popish  controversy 
respecting  the  Scriptures.  And  as  it  gives  in  parallel  columns 
the  Khernish  translation  of  the  Vulgate,  and  the  Bishops'  Transla 
tion,  it  enables  the  reader  to  make  an  easy  comparison  of  their 
respective  merits.  At  the  end  of  the  volume  is  an  elaborate  de 
fence  of  the  English  translations  of  the  Scriptures  against  Gregory 
Martin,  which  contains  much  curious  and  learned  information. 
Fulke  was  a  very  able  man,  and  his  work  is  entitled  to  a  place  in 
every  critical  library.  Mr.  [Charles]  Butler,  though  a  Catholic, 
very  candidly  recommends  it  as  very  curious  and  deserving  of  at 
tention."—  Orme's  Bibl.  Bib. 

Ml 


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We  may  add  that  the  learned  Mr.  Butler  was  dissatisfied 
with  the  "  Douay  Bible."  He  remarks  : 

"Still  the  version  is  imperfect;  a  more  correct  version  is,  per 
haps,  at  present,  the  greatest  spiritual  want  of  the  English 

"That  late  elegant  scholar  and  pious  divine,  the  Rev.  James 
Hervey,  (though  sometimes  rather  too  candid  and  indiscriminate 


sound  divinity,  weighty  arguments,  and  important  observations 
adding,—'  would  the  young  student  be  taught  to  discover  the  very 
sinews  of  popery,  and  be  enabled  to  give  an  effectual  blow  to  that 
complication  of  errors,  I  scarce  know  a  treatise  better  calculated 
for  the  purpose.'  "—Hornt.'s  Bibl.  Bib. 

See  Home's  Introduction  for  an  account  of  the  contro 
versy  connected  with  this  version. 

"  A  very  complete  reply  to  the  Romanists'  notes."— Bickersteth's 
Chris.  Stu. 

Thomas  Cartwright,  q.  v.,  also  wrote  a  Confutation  of 
the  Ehemish  Translation,  <fcc.,  1618,  fol.  Fulke  wrote 
several  other  works,  principally  against  the  Church  of 
Borne. 

Fill  lager,  John.  1.  Religion.  2.  Doctrine,  Ac.,  1801, 
12mo. 

Fullarton,  Col.  1.  Agricult.  of  Ayr,  Edin.,  1793,  4to. 
"  One  of  the  best  of  the  Scotch  surveys." — Donaldson's  AgricuU. 
Biog. 

2.  Lett,  on  Torture,  1806,  4to. 

Fullarton,  John.  The  Turtle-Dove,  <fec.  By  a  Lover 
of  the  Celestiall  Muses,  Edin.,  1664,  sm.  8vo. 

"  Chiefly  composed  in  verse,  but  of  no  very  elevated  character." 
— Lowndes's  Bibl.  Man. 

Marked  in  a  bookseller's  cat.,  about  1834,  £5  5». 
Fullarton,  John.     On  the  Regulation  of  Currencies, 
Lon.,  1844,  8vo ;  2d  ed.,  1845. 

"  The  volume  is  one  of  great  merit,  and  ought  to  be  in  the  hands 
of  all  who  interest  themselves  in  the  subject.  It  is  one  of  the 
ablest  which  the  discussions  of  Sir  Robert  Peel's  Bank  Bill  have 
produced." — Scotsman. 

"  With  the  single  exception  of  the  '  History  of  Prices,'  no  work 
has  appeared  so  well  calculated  to  suggest  important  reflections 
and  considerations  on  these  subjects,  or  which  will  so  amply  repay 
the  trouble  of  a  careful  perusal."— ion.  Economist. 

Fullarton,  Wm.  1.  English  Interests  in  India  and 
Military  Operations  in  the  Southern  part  of  the  Peninsula 
in  1782-84,  Lon.,  1787,  8vo.  2.  Letter  to  Lord  C.,  1801, 
8vo.  3.  Trinidad,  1804, 4to.  4.  Ans.  to  Picton,  1805,  4to. 
Fuller,  Andrew,  1754-1815,  an  eminent  Baptist 
minister,  a  native  of  Wicken,  Cambridgeshire,  was  settled 
for  a  short  time  at  Soham,  and  afterwards  removed  to 
Kettering,  where  he  resided  until  his  death.  The  works 
of  this  excellent  man  are  greatly  esteemed.  We  notice 
the  principal :  1.  The  Calvinistical  and  Socinian  Systems 
examined  and  compared  as  to  their  Moral  Tendency 
1794,  '96,  1802,  8vo.  Repub.  as  No.  18  of  Ward's  Lib.  of 
Standard  Divinity. 

"  A  highly  valuable  publication  for  the  author's  masterly  defence 
of  the  doctrines  of  Christianity,  and  his  acute  refutation  of  the  op 
posite  errors."— WM.  WILBERFORCE,  M.P. 

"A  most  valuable  work,  with  much  power  of  reasoning  and 
unction  of  spirit."— Bickersteth's  Chris.  Stu. 

2.  Socinianism  Indefensible.  In  reply  to  Toulmin  and 
Kentish.  3.  The  Gospel  its  own  Witness,  1799-1800,  8vo 
"Convince  him  [the  infidel]  of  sin,  there  is  an  end  of  his  infi 
delity,  root  and  branch.  .  .  .  Fuller  in  his  Gospel  its  own  Witnes. 
has  pursued  this  train  of  argument,  and  made  the  infidel  feel  the 
point  of  the  two-edged  sword/' — Bickersteth's  Chris.  Stu. 

4.  Memoirs  of  Rev.  S.  Pearce,  1800,  8vo. 

"  This  is  an  interesting  piece  of  biography."— Dr.  E.  Williams' 
Christian  Preacher. 

5.  The  Backslider,  1801,  8vo.     New  ed.,  with  Pref.  by 
the  Rev.  J.  A.  James,  1840,  18mo;  1847,  24mo.     6.  Vie 
of  Religions,  by  Hannah  Adams,  with  addits.,  1805,  8vo 
The  3d  Lon.  edit.,  with  the  improvements  of  the  4th  Amer 
ed.,  and  many  new  Articles  and  Corrections  throughout 
of  Miss  Adams's  excellent  work,  was  pub.  in  1823,  8vo 
edited  by  T.  Williams,  with  addits.  and  reflections.     7 
Thornton  Abbey;  being  Religious  Letters  by  Mr.  John 
Satchell,  1806,  3  vols.  12mo.      8.  Dialogues,  Letters,  am 
Essays  on  various  Subjects,  1806,  12mo.     9.  Expos.  Dis 
courses  [58]  on  Genesis,  1806,  2  vols.  8vo. 

"  Chiefly  intended  for  family  use." — WILLIAMS. 

"  His  discourses  are  not  critical,  (for  he  was  mostly  a  self-taugh 
man,)  but  they  are  shrewd,  instructive,  and  touching.  He  seize 
the  principal  points  of  the  passage,  and  often  illustrates  them  very 
happily.— Orme's  Bibl.  Bib. 

"  Much  originality  of  critical  remark  must  not  be  expected,  — . 
must  the  reader  be  surprised  if  he  often  meet  with  a  trite  and  ol 
vious  reflection ;  but  we  will  venture  to  promise  him,  much  mor 
frequently,  a  manly,  judicious,  and  useful  train  of  observation 
expressed  in  simple  and  vigorous  language."— ion.  Eclectic  Rev 
0.  S.,  2d  Pt.,  ii.  896. 

"  Judicious,  evangelical,  and  practical."— Bickersteth's  Ctiris.  Stu 

"  The  author  selects  a  paragraph  of  convenient  length,  and  fu 


FUL 

ishes  a  concise  exposition  of  its  leading  circumstances,  accom- 
tanied  with  a  few  practical  reflections." 

"  Those  who  have  Fuller  and  Bush,  with  a  prayerful  mind,  have 
very  aid  they  can  desire  in  the  study  of  this  book." — Lon.  Evan- 
el.  Mag. 

"The  author  of  this  work  has  long  been  known  by  his  able 
ublications  on  the  absurdity  of  deism,  and  the  immoral  tendency 
f  Socinian  tenets."— dome's  Bibl.  Bib. 

10.  Serms.  on  various  subjects,  1814,  8vo. 

'  These  sermons  are  much  valued  by  Baptists." — Lowndes's  Bibl. 
fan. 

11.  Expos.  Discourses  on  the  Apocalypse,  1815,  8vo. 

"  There  is,  however,  but  little  novelty  in  the  work,  but  little  to 
ratify  the  anxious  curiosity  of  the  age,  or  to  elucidate  the  unful- 
lled  and  more  difficult  parts  of  the  Revelation.  The  general  outline 
f  the  prophetic  scheme  is  boldly  sketched,  and  its  various  ramifi 
cations  are  marked  with  that  precision  which  was  common  to  the 
writer ;  but  in  general  there  is  an  extreme  of  modesty  and  diffi- 
ence,  with  scarcely  any  attempts  to  pass  the  usual  boundaries  of 
;hought  on  these  subjects,  or  any  adventurous  flight  of  specula- 
ion."—  Morris's  Memoirs  of  Mr.  Fuller,  where  see  (pp.  250-260)  an 
.bstract  of  F.'s  scheme  of  the  Apocalypse. 

"  His  Genesis  is  superior  to  the  Apocalypse ;  for  the  exposition 
f  which  he  had  neither  sufficient  reading  nor  leisure."— Orme's 
Bibl.  Bib. 

12.  The  Harmony  of  Scripture ;  or,  an  attempt  to  recon- 
ile  various  Passages  apparently  contradictory,  1817,  8vo. 

Posth. 

The  Harmony  contains  some  judicious  observations  on  fifty- 
five  passages,  written  originally  for  the  use  of  a  private  friend."— 
Orme's  Bibl.  Bib. 

In  1815,  8vo,  Mr.  J.  W.  Morris  pub.  Memoirs  of  the  Life 
and  Writings  of  Andrew  Fuller.  A  memoir  by  the  author's 
son,  Andrew  Gunton  Fuller,  is  prefixed  to  the  complete 
edit,  of  the  former's  Works,  1831-32,  5  vols.  8vo.  There 
lave  been  also  eds.  of  his  Complete  Works,  1838,  imp.  Svo; 
1840,  imp.  8vo;  1845,  imp.  8vo;  1852,  imp.  8vo;  1853, 
mp.  8vo.  There  is  also  an  excellent  ed.,  in  3  vols.  8vo, 
sub.  by  the  Baptist  Publication  Society  of  Phila.,  edited 
ay  the  Rev.  Joseph  Belcher,  well  known  as  the  editor  and 
author  of  many  valuable  works.  See  the  name  in  this 
Dictionary.  Principal  Works,  with  a  Mem.  by  his  son, 
Bohn's  Standard  Lib.,  1852,  p.  8vo.  Reports  of  his  serms. 
and  a  number  of  his  treatises  have  been  repub.  from  time 
to  time.  We  conclude  with  some  testimonies  from  eminent 
authorities  to  the  value  of  this  able  writer  and  truly  ex 
emplary  man : 

;  I  am  slowly  reading  Andrew  Fuller's  works.  He  was  an  inte 
resting  man ;  one  of  the  wisest  and  most  moral-minded  of  his  day. 
He  possessed  wonderful  strength  of  mind ;  and  is  an  instance  how 
Providence  can  draw  forth  instruments  from  the  most  unlikely 
quarters."— BISHOP  JEBB. 

"  A  biographer  of  Fuller  has  justly  remarked  of  him,  that  he 
thought  with  Owen,  and  wrote  with  the  pointed  pen  of  Baxter." 
— Orme's  Bibl.  Bib. 

'  He  was  a  writer  among  the  Baptists,  but  of  the  same  good 
school  of  divinity  as  Scott.  With  a  lively  imagination  and  all  the 
powers  of  a  masculine  mind,  he  maintains  the  distinguishing  doc 
trines  of  the  gospel,  and  insists  on  its  practical  holiness." — Bick 
ersteth's  Chris.  Stu. 

"  The  Rev.  Andrew  Fuller  has  been  styled  by  the  Americans, 
'  The  Franklin  of  Theology ;'  and  it  is  said  of  him,  that  all  his 
writings  bear  the  powerful  stamp  of  a  mind  which,  for  native 
vigour,  original  research,  logical  acumen,  profound  knowledge  of 
the  human  heart,  and  intimate  acquaintance  with  the  Scriptures, 
has  had  no  rival  since  the  days  of  President  Edwards." 

"  Coming  on  to  modern  theological  writers,  I  recommend  you  to 
familiarize  yourselves  with  the  works  of  the  acute,  the  philosophi 
cal,  the  profound,  the  pious,  Jonathan  Edwards,  and  those  of 
Andrew  Fuller.  I  know  nothing  like  the  latter  for  a  beautiful 
combination  of  doctrinal,  practical,  and  experimental  religion." — 
Counsels  to  Students  of  Theology  on  leaving  College,  by  John  Angell 
James. 

The  same  author  also  remarks : 

"  Did  our  students  and  young  ministers,  yes,  and  old  ones  too, 
know  the  almost  inexhaustible  mine  of  truth  in  his  works,  not 
one  that  could  afford  to  purchase  them  would  be  without  them. 
They  contain  the  most  entire  union  of  sound  Calvinistic  divinity 
of  the  moderate  school,  Christian  ethics  and  religious  experience, 
not  even  excepting  the  works  of  President  Edwards,  in  the  Eng 
lish  language." 

"  Fuller  was  a  man  whose  sagacity  enabled  him  to  penetrate  to 
the  depths  of  every  subject  he  explored ;  whose  conceptions  were 
so  powerful  and  luminous,  that  what  was  recondite  and  original 
appeared  familiar ;  what  was  intricate,  easy  and  perspicuous  in 
his  hands :  equally  successful  in  enforcing  the  practical,  in  stating 
the  theoretical,  and  in  discussing  the  polemical  branches  of  theo 
logy." — ROBERT  HALL. 

Fuller,  Anne.    Novels,  1787-89. 

Fuller,  Frances  A.,  b.  in  Monroeville,  Ohio,  about 
1826,  has  gained  some  reputation  as  author  of  a  number 
of  fugitive  pieces  in  prose  and  verse.  The  poem  entitled 
"  A  Revery"  possesses  decided  merit. 

Fuller,  Metta  Victoria,  younger  sister  to  the  pre 
ceding,  is  better  known  by  the  rather  fanciful  title  of 
"Singing  Sibyl."  Of  her  poetical  compositions,  "Mid 
night"  and  "  The  Silent  Ship"  may  be  instanced  as  pieces 
of  great  beauty.  1.  Poems  of  Sentiment,  N.  York,  12mo. 
2.  Fresh  Leaves  from  vTestern  Woods,  Buffalo  and  New 


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York,  1852,  12mo.  3.  The  Senator's  Son ;  or,  The  Maine 
Law  a  Last  Refuge,  Cleveland,  12mo.  An  excellent 
title,  conveying  an  important  truth.  But  why  should 
not  the  "Maine  Law"  be  the  first  safeguard  instead  of 
the  "last  refuge"?  4.  Fashionable  Dissipation,  Phila., 
1854,  12mo. 

Fuller,  Francis,  d.  1701,  aged  64,  a  Nonconformist 
divine,  curate  of  Wirksworth,  near  Banbury,  after  1662, 
when  he  was  ejected,  preached  in  various  places.  1.  Serm., 
Lon.,  1696,  4to.  2.  Serm.,  1700,  12mo.  3.  Medicina  Gym- 
nastica,  1704,  8vo.  Many  eds.  By  some  ascribed  to 
Thomas  Fuller,  M.D. 

Fuller,  H.  W.,  M.D.,  Assist.  Phys.  to  St.  George's 
Hosp.,  London.  On  Rheumatism,  Gout,  and  Sciatica, 
Lon.,  1852,  8vo;  N.York,  8vo. 

"We  would  particularly  recommend  a  careful  perusal  of  Dr. 
Fuller's  pages." — Lon.  Lancet. 

Fuller,  Hiram,  a  native  of  Plymouth  county,  Mass., 
publisher  and  editor  of  The  New  York  Mirror  for  fourteen 
years,  pub.  The  Groton  Letters  in  1S45,  and  in  1858  gave 
to  the  world  a  series  of  lively  letters,  entitled  Belle  Brit- 
tan,  collected  into  a  volume, — the  first  edition  of  which 
was  exhausted  in  a  few  weeks. 

Fuller,  Ignatius.     Three  Serms.,  Lon.,  1672,  8vo. 

Fuller,  J.     Views  in  Ireland,  Lon.,  1815. 

Fuller,  John.     Serm.,  1681,  4to. 

Fuller,  John.  Con.  on  nat.  philos.,  Ac.  to  Phil. 
Trans.,  1704,  '38. 

Fuller,  John,  M.D.  1.  Recov.  of  the  Drowned,  Lon., 
1785,  8vo.  2.  Hist,  of  Berwick-upon-Tweed,  Edin.,  1799, 
8vo. 

Fuller,  John.     The  Teeth,  3d  ed.,  1813,  8vo. 

Fuller,  Nicholas,  of  Gray's  Inn.  Argument,  proving 
that  Eccles.  Commissioners  have  no  power  to  imprison, 
mulct,  Ac.,  1607,  '41,  '74,  4to. 

Fuller,  Nicholas,  1557-1622,  a  native  of  Southamp 
ton,  educated  at  Hart  Hall,  Oxf.,  became  Rector  of  Ailing- 
ton,  Wiltshire,  Preb.  of  Salisbury,  and  Rector  of  Bishop- 
Waltham,  Hampshire.  Miscellanea  Theologica,  lib.  iii., 
Heidelb.,  1612,  8vo.  Pub.  Avith  a  4th  book,  Oxon.,  1616, 
4to  j  Lon.,  1617,  4to.  Pub.,  with  5th  and  6th  books— Mis 
cellanea  Sacra,  cum  Apologia  contra  V.  cl.  Johan  Dru- 
sium,  Lugd.  Bat.,  1622,  4to.  Leyd,  1650,  4to. 

"  All  which  Miscellanies  are  remitted  into  the  ninth  vol.  of  the 
Critics,  [Critica  Sacra,]  and  scattered  and  dispersed  through  the 
whole  work  of  M.  Pool's  Synopsis." — Athen.  Oxon. 

"  The  author  was  one  of  the  best  oriental  scholars  of  his  time. 
The  six  books  of  the  Miscellanea  include  a  considerable  number 
of  curious  and  important  discussions." — Orme's  B/bl.  Bib. 

"Drusius,  the  Belgian  critic,  grown  old,  angry,  and  jealous  that 
he  should  be  outshined  in  his  own  sphere,  foully  cast  some  drops 
of  ink  upon  him,  which  the  other  as  feirly  wiped  off  again." — 
FuUer1!  Worthies  of  Hampshire. 

Fuller  had  never  even  seen  the  books  of  Dnisius. 

"  Nicholas  Fuller,  the  most  admired  critic  of  his  time." — AtJien. 
Oxon.  See  Bliss's  ed.  for  a  notice  of  some  other  works  of  this 
author. 

Fuller,  Richard,  b.  1808,  at  Beaufort,  S.  Carolina, 
an  eminent  Baptist  minister,  was  formerly  one  of  the  most 
prominent  lawyers  of  his  native  State.  He  has  been  in  the 
ministry  for  many  years,  and  since  1847  has  been  con 
nected  with  the  Seventh  Baptist  Church  in  Baltimore. 
1.  Corresp.  with  Bishop  England  concerning  the  Roman 
Chancery,  Bait.,  12mo.  2.  Corresp.  with  Dr.  Wayland. 
3.  Serms.  4.  Letters.  5.  An  Argument  on  Baptist  and 
close  Communion,  Richmond,  1849, 12mo.  6.  The  Psalmist, 
with  Supp.  by  R.  F.,  and  J.  B.  Jeter,  Bost.,  various  sizes. 
This  hymn-book  is  in  general  use  among  the  Baptists  in 
the  U.  States,  and  has  been  introduced  into  the  British 
Provinces  and  London. 

Fuller,  S.  Margaret.     See  OSSOLI,  MARCHES  A  D'. 

Fuller,  Samuel.  1.  Serm.,  1682,  4to.  2.  Canonica, 
1690,  4to. 

Fuller,  Stephen.     Jamaica  Acts,  &c.,  1788,  '89,  4to. 

Fuller,  Thomas,  1608-1661,  a  native  of  Aldwinckle, 
Northamptonshire,  at  the  early  age  of  twelve  entered 
Queen's  Coll.,  Carnb.,  and  studied  with  such  perseverance 
that  he  took  the  degree  of  A.B.  in  1624,  and  that  of  A.M. 
in  1628.  In  1631  he  became  Fellow  of  Sidney  Coll.,  and 
in  the  same  year  was  made  Prebendary  of  Salisbury,  after 
astonishing  his  hearers  with  his  eloquence  from  the  pulpit 
of  St.  Bennet's,  Cambridge ;  and  not  long  after  was  re 
warded  by  the  Rectorship  of  Broad-Windsor,  Dorsetshire. 
Upon  the  death  of  his  first  wife,  about  1641,  he  removed 
to  London  and  became  minister  of  the  Savoy.  We  may  here 
mention  that,  after  remaining  a  widower  for  thirteen  years, 
he  was,  in  1654,  married  to  a  sister  of  Viscount  Baltin- 
glasse.  After  Charles  had  quitted  London,  (in  1642,) 
Fuller  preached  a  sermon  in  which  he  displayed  both  his 


loyalty  and  the  love  of  pertinent  illustration  which  is  ob 
servable  in  his  works.  To  the  great  indignation  of  the 
Parliamentarians,  he  gave  out  his  text,  "  Yea,  let  him  take 
all,  so  that  my  lord  the  king  return  in  peace." 

This  sermon  was  published,  and  brought  the  good 
preacher  into  disrepute  with  those  whose  purposes  would 
not  have  been  furthered  by  "  bringing  the  king  again  in 
peace."  Nothing  daunted,  when  the  Royalists  took  up 
"  carnal  weapons"  to  defend  their  sovereign,  Fuller  joined 
the  army  as  chaplain,  and,  not  content  with  praying  for 
the  success  of  his  soldiers,  he  so  excited  their  courage  by 
his  exhortations,  that  Sir  William  Waller  was  obliged  to 
raise  the  siege  of  Basinghouse  with  great  loss.  This  is 
just  what  one  would  expect  from  the  hearty,  vigorous, 
genial  tone  of  the  author  of  the  Worthies  of  England.  As 
regards  its  propriety,  we  are  not  called  upon  to  express  an 
opinion.  After  the  surrender  of  Exeter,  in  April,  1646,  he 
removed  to  London,  where  h«  found  his  lecturer's  place 
filled  by  another  preacher.  His  eloquence,  however,  was 
too  well  known  to  permit  of  his  being  long  without  em 
ployment.  He  was  soon  chosen  lecturer  at  St.  Clement's 
Lane,  near  Lombard  Street;  removed  to  St.  Bride's  in 
Fleet  Street;  was,  in  1648,  presented  to  the  living  of 
Waltham  in  Essex,  which  he  left  in  1658  for  that  of  Cran- 
ford,  Middlesex;  recovered  his  prebend  at  the  Restora 
tion,  readmitted  to  his  Lectureship  at  the  Savoy,  and 
died  in  the  year  following.  His  principal  works  are  the 
following : 

1.  David's  Hainous  Sinne,  Heartie  Repentance,  Heavie 
Punishment;  a  Poem,  1631.  This,  his  first  publication,  a 
tract  of  46  leaves,  is  now  very  rare.  Bindley,  £5  15s.  6d. 
Hibbert,  same  copy,  £6  6s.  2.  The  Historic  of  the  Holy 
Warre,  Camb.,  1639,  '40,  '42,  '47,  '51,  fol.,  with  the  Holy 
State,  1652,  fol.  Holy  Warre,  new  ed.,  Lon.,  1840,  sm.  8vo. 
3.  The  Holy  and  Profane  State;  a  collection  of  Characters, 
Moral  Essays,  and  Lives,  ancient,  foreign,  and  domestic, 
Camb.,  1642,  '48,  '52,  '58,  fol.  New  ed.,  1840,  Lon.,  sm. 
8vo.  By  Jas.  Nichols,  1841,  8vo. 

"  Perhaps  upon  the  whole  it  is  the  best  of  his  works ;  and  cer 
tainly  displays  to  better  advantage  than  any,  his  original  and  vi 
gorous  powers  of  thinking.  It  consists  of  two  parts— the  Holy  and 
tiie  Profane  State ;  the  former  proposing  examples  for  our  imitation ; 
and  the  latter  their  opposites,  for  our  abhorrence.  Each  contains 
characters  of  individuals  in  every  department  of  life,  as  '  the  lather,' 
'  husband,' '  soldier,'  and '  divine ;'  lives  of  eminent  persons  as  illus 
trative  of  these  characters;  and  general  essays.  In  his  conception 
of  character  he  has  followed  Bishop  Earle  and  Sir  Thomas  Over- 
bury,  but  his  manner  of  writing  is  essentially  diflerent."— Lon. 
Eetrosp.  Rev.,  1821,  iii.  55. 

The  Holy  State  contains — Lives  of  Monica,  Abraham, 
Eliezer,  Lady  Paula,  Hildegardis,  Paracelsus,  Dr.Whitaker, 
Julius  Scaliger,  Perkins,  Dr.  Metcalf,  Sir  Francis  Drake, 
Camden,  Haman,  Cardinal  Wolsey,  C.  Brandon,  Duke  of 
Brandon,  Lord  Burleigh,  Sir  John  Markham,  St.  Augustin, 
Bishop  Ridley,  Lady  Jane  Grey,  Queen  Elizabeth,  Gusta- 
vus  Adolphus,  Edward  the  Black  Prince. 

The  Profane  State  contains— Lives  of  Joan  Queen  of 
Naples,  Joan  of  Arc,  Caesar  Borgia,  John  Andronicus,  the 
Duke  of  Alva.' 

4.  Good  Thoughts  in  Bad  Times,  Exeter,  1645,  12mo; 
Lon.,  1646,  18mo;  1810,  18mo.  The  first  fruits  of  the 
Exeter  press,  Fuller  tells  us.  5.  Good  Thoughts  in  Worse 
Times,  Lon.,  1640,  16mo;  1647.  6.  Mixt  Contemplations 
in  Better  Times,  1660,  12mo.  A  new  ed.  of  Nos.  4,  5,  and 
6,  in  one  18mo  vol.,  1830.  Nos.  4  and  5  pub.  together, 
1669,  12mo. 

7.  Andronicus;  or,  the  Unfortunate  Politician,  1649,  8vo. 

"This  is  one  of  the  least-known,  if  not  the  rarest,  of  the  produc 
tions  of  the  quaint  writer  whose  name  it  bears.  .  .  .  The  subject 
of  this  piece  is  the  usurpation  of  Andronicus,  an  obscure  portion 
of  the  history  of  the  Eastern  empire  which  the  writer  has  chosen 
for  the  purpose  of  moralizing  its  facts  and  epigrammatizing  the 
records  that  remain  concerning  it."— Lon.  Retrosp.  Rev.,  1827, 
.ZV.  S.,  i.  396. 

8.  A  Pisgah-Sight  of  Palestine,  and  the  confines  thereof, 
with  the  Hist,  of  the  0.  and  N.  Tests,  acted  thereon.    With 
Plates,  1650,  '62,  fol. 

"  This  is  one  of  the  most  curious  works  ever  written  on  the  Scrip 
tures.  .  .  .  The  View  of  Palestine  is  not  a  mere  geographical  work; 
it  contains  many  things  relating  to  Jewish  antiquities,  and  to  the 
manners  and  customs  of  the  people,  and  incidentally  illustrates  a 
number  of  passages  of  Scripture." — Orme's  Bibl.  Bib. 

9.  The  Church  History  of  Britain  from  the  birth  of  Christ 
to  1648,  1655,  fol.     Contains  a  Hist,  of  the  Univ.  of  Camb. 
from  the  Conquest  to  1643,  and  of  Waltham  Abbey.     A 
new  ed.  of  the  Church  Hist.,  with  the  author's  corrections, 
edited  by  James  Nichols,  1837,  3  vols.  8vo;  1842,  3  vols. 
8vo.     Edited  by  the  Rev.  J.  S.  Brewer,  1845,  6  vols.  8vo. 

"  It  is  divided  into  eleven  books,  whereof  the  sixth  gives  the 
history  of  the  allies  of  England  from  the  first  rise  of  monkery  to 
the  final  eradication  of  it  under  Henry  the  Eighth.  These  are 
subdivided  into  lesser  sections,  which  are  severally  dedicated  to 

643 


FUL 


FUL 


such  patrons  as  were  most  likely  to  make  their  due  acknowledg 
ments  to  the  author.  Nor  were  these  infant  lords  and  rich  alder 
men  the  only  people  he  designed  to  flatter.  He  was  to  make  his 
court  to  the  powers  then  in  fashion;  and  he  well  knew  nothing 
would  be  more  grateful  to  them,  than  squinting  reflections  on  the 
management  of  the  late  king's  chief  ministers  of  state,  eminent 
churchmen,  &c.  For  such  misbehaviour  as  this,  he  was  severely 
taken  to  task  by  Peter  Heylin,  in  his  Examen  Historicum;  to 
which  was  added  Dr.  Cosin's  Apology,  in  answer  to  some  passages 
in  that  history  which  concerned  himself.  .  .  .  Even  the  most  se 
rious  and  most  authentic  parts  of  it  are  so  interlaced  with  pun 
and  quibble,  that  it  looks  as  if  the  man  had  designed  to  ridicule 
the  annals  of  our  church  into  fable  and  romance.  .  .  .  There  are 
in  it  some  things  of  moment,  hardly  to  be  had  elsewhere,  which 
may  often  illustrate  dark  passages  in  more  serious  writers." — 
Bishop  Nicolson's  Eng.  Hist.  Lib.,  96. 

"  Bishop  Mcolson  was  too  censorious  upon  Dr.  Fuller's  Church 
History."— Biog.  Brit.,  q.  v. 

"  There  are  only  two  writers  of  the  genuine  History  of  our  Church 
who  deserve  the  name  of  historians,  Collier  and  Fuller." — Bishop 
Warburton's  Directions  to  a  Sludent  in  Theology. 

"  Quaint  and  witty,  but  sensible,  pious,  candid,  and  useful;  an 
invaluable  body  of  information  to  the  death  of  Charles  the  First." 
— Bickersteth's  Christian  Student. 

"  The  historical  works  of  Fuller  are  simply  a  caricature  of  the 
species  of  composition  to  which  they  professedly  belong ;  a  syste 
matic  violation  of  all  its  proprieties.  The  gravity  and  dignity  of 
the  historic  muse  are  continually  violated  by  him.  But  not  only 
is  he  continually  cracking  his  jokes  and  perpetrating  his  puns ; 
his  matter  is  as  full  of  treason  against  the  laws  of  history  as  his 
manner.  .  .  .  Never  was  there  such  a  medley.  First,  each  book 
and  section  is  introduced  by  a  quaint  dedication  to  one  or  other 
of  his  many  admirers  or  patrons.  Nicolson  in  his  English  Histo 
rical  Library  is  rather  severe  on  his  motives  for  such  a  multiplica 
tion  of  dedication.  Second,  the  several  paragraphs  into  which  the 
Church  History  is  divided,  (most  of  them  introduced  by  some  quaint 
title,)  are  many  of  them  as  little  connected  with  church  history  as 
with  the  history  of  China.  Thus,  in  one  short '  section,'  comprising 
the  period  from  1330  to  1361,  we  find  'paragraphs'  relating  to  the 
'  ignorance  of  the  English  in  curious  clothing — to  '  fullers'  earth,' 
which,  he  tells  us, '  was  a  precious  commodity' — to  the  manufacture 
of  '  woollen  cloth,'  and  to  the  sumptuary  laws  which  '  restrained 
excess  in  apparel.'  Here  is  a  strange  mixture  in  one  short  chapter." 
— HENRY  ROGERS:  Edin.  Rev.,  Ixxiv.  352-53,  and  in  his  Essays. 

"  All  the  charms  of  Southey's  prose  may  please  you  in  his  Book 
of  the  Church ;  on  turning  to  the  old  church  historian,  Thomas 
Fuller,  you  may  find  in  his  History  of  the  Church  in  Great  Britain 
(one  of  the  most  remarkable  works  in  the  language)  the  varied 
powers  of  learning,  sagacity,  pathos,  an  overflowing  wit,  humour, 
and  imagination,  all  animating  the  pages  of  a  church  history." — 
Henry  Reed's  Lects.  on  Eng.  Lit.,  Phila.,  1855, 12rno. 

10.  The  Appeal  of  Injured  Innocence,  1659,  fol. 

"  Soon  after  [the  publication  of  Heylin's  Examen  Historicum] 
Th.  Fuller  came  out  with  a  thin  fol.,  full  of  submission  and  ac 
knowledgment,  entit.  The  Appeal  of  Injured  Innocence." — Athen. 
Oxon,,  q.  v. 

This  volume  is  necessary  to  complete  The  Church  His 
tory  by  the  same  author.  The  Appeal  of  Injured  Inno 
cence  is  a  running  commentary  on  each  of  the  eleven 
books  of  The  Church  History. 

"It  embraces  almost  every  topic  within  the  range  of  human  dis 
quisition,  from  the  most  sublime  mysteries  of  the  Christian  reli 
gion  and  the  great  antiquity  of  the  Hebrew  and  Welsh  languages, 
down  to  '  the  tale  of  a  tub,'  and  criticisms  on  Shakspeare's  perver 
sion  of  the  character  of  Sir  John  Falstaff." 

New  ed.  of  the  Hist,  of  the  Univ.  of  Camb.,  edit,  by 
Prickett  and  Wright,  1840,  8vo.  The  Hist,  of  the  Univ. 
of  Camb.,  of  Waltham  Abbey,  and  the  Appeal  of  Injured 
Innocence,  edit,  by  James  Nichols,  1840,  8vo.  See  Bishop 
Nicolson's  Eng.  Hist.  Lib.,  129. 

11.  Hist,  of  the  Worthies  of  England,  1662,  fol.  Posth. ; 
pub.  by  his  son.      New  ed.,  with  Notes  by  John  Nichols, 
1811,  2  vols.  4to. 

The  learned  and  industrious  editor  of  this  present  edition 
was  assisted  by  Mr.  Bindley,  Mr.  Malone,  Mr.  Alex.  Chal 
mers,  Sir  Henry  Ellis,  Dr.  Bliss,  Sir  Egerton  Brydges,  and 
the  indefatigable  author  of  Cathedral  Antiquities,  Mr. 
John  Britton. 

With  Notes,  Indexes,  Ac.,  by  P.  Austin  Nuttall,  LL.D.. 
1840,  3  vols.  8vo. 

Bishop  Nicolson  is  as  severe  upon  this  entertaining  work 
as  he  is  upon  the  Church  History  : 

"  It  was  huddled  up  in  haste,  for  the  procurement  of  some  mode 
rate  profit  for  the  author,  though  he  did  not  live  to  see  it  published. 
It  corrects  many  mistakes  in  his  ecclesiastical  history ;  but  makes 
more  new  ones  in  their  stead."— Eng.  Hist.  Lib.,  v. 

But  see  a  defence  of  Fuller  in  the  Biog.'  Brit.  His  bio 
grapher  there  very  pertinently  reminds  us  of  Fuller's  own 
plea  for  himself,  when  excusing  John  Fox's  error  in  assert 
ing  Marbeck  to  have  been  burnt  at  the  stake,  when  Mar- 
beck  "lived"— for  all  that  we  know  to  the  contrary— "a 
prosperous  gentleman :" 

"  And  it  is  impossible  for  any  author  of  a  voluminous  book,  con 
sisting  of  several  persons  and  circumstances,  (Reader,  in  pleading 
for  Master  Foxe  I  plead  for  myself,)  to  have  such  ubiquitary  intelli 
gence,  as  to  apply  the  same  in&llibility  to  every  particular  " 

"  His  Worthies  is,  we  believe,  more  generally  perused  than  any 
of  his  productions,  and  is  perhaps  the  most  agreeable;  suffice  to 
gay  of  it,  that  it  is  a  most  fascinating  storehouse  of  gossiping,  an 
dote,  and  quaizitness;  a  most  delightful  medley  of  interchang 
044 


amusement,  presenting  entertainment  as  varied  as  it  is  inexhaust- 
ble.  His  Good  Thoughts  in  Bad  Times,  and  lesser  works,  are  all 
equally  excellent  in  their  way,  full  of  admirable  maxims  and  re- 
lections,  agreeable  stories,  and  ingenious  moralizations.  It  was, 
however,  in  biography  that  Fuller  excelled." — Lon.  Retrosp.  Rev.. 
1821,  iii.  54. 

Our  Dictionary  is  greatly  indebted  to  the  Worthies  of 
England,  as  our  frequent  acknowledgments  testify. 

The  Catalogues  of  the  Sheriffs  and  the  lists  of  the  Gentry, 
as  they  were  returned  from  the  several  counties  in  the 
twelfth  year  of  Henry  the  Sixth,  are  very  useful. 

But  we  have  already  given  to  honest  Fuller  more  space 
than  we  can  well  afford,  and  must  dismiss  him  after  the 
itation  of  two  or  three  more  testimonies  of  his  general 
excellence  as  a  writer. 

"  Next  to  Shakspeare,  I  am  not  certain  whether  Thomas  Fuller, 
beyond  all  other  writers,  does  not  excite  in  me  the  sense  and  emo 
tion  of  the  marvellous;  the  degree  in  which  any  given  faculty,  or 
combination  of  faculties,  is  possessed  and  manifested,  so  far  sur 
passing  what  we  would  have  thought  possible  in  a  single  mind,  as 
to  give  one's  admiration  the  flavour  and  quality  of  wonder.  Fuller 
was  incomparably  the  most  sensible,  the  least  prejudiced  great  man 
of  an  age  that  boasted  of  a  galaxy  of  great  men.  In  all  his  nu 
merous  volumes,  on  so  many  different  subjects,  it  is  scarcely  toe 
much  to  say,  that  you  will  hardly  find  a  page  in  which  some  one 
sentence  out  of  every  three  does  not  deserve  to  be  quoted  for  itself 
as  a  motto  or  as  a  maxim.  .  .  .  Fuller,  whose  wit  (alike  in  quan 
tity,  quality,  and  perpetuity,  surpassing  that  of  the  wittiest  in  a 
witty  age)  robbed  him  of  the  praise  not  less  due  to  him  for  an 
equal  superiority  in  sound,  shrewd,  good  sense,  and  freedom  of 
intellect." — S.  T.  COLERIDGE. 
';A  man  of  fancy." — BISHOP  BURNET. 

"The  writings  of  Fuller  are  usually  designated  by  the  title  of 
quaint,  and  with  sufficient  reason ;  for  such  was  his  natural  bias 
to  conceits,  that  I  doubt  not,  upon  most  occasions,  it  would  have 
been  going  out  of  his  way  to  have  expressed  himself  out  of  them. 
But  his  wit  is  not  always  lumen  siccum,  a  dry  faculty  of  surpris 
ing  ;  on  the  contrary,  his  conceits  are  oftentimes  deeply  steeped  in 
human  feeling  and  passion.  Above  all,  his  way  of  telling  a  story, 
for  its  eager  liveliness,  and  the  perpetual  running  commentary  of 
the  narrator  happily  blended  with  the  narration,  is  perhaps  un 
equalled." — CHARLES  LAMB. 

See  the  authorities  cited  above,  and  an  article  on  Fuller 
and  his  Writings,  in  the  Boston  Christian  Examiner : 
highly  lauded  by  an  eminent  English  authority.  The 
reader  must  procure,  also,  Memorials  of  the. Life  and  Writ 
ings  of  Thomas  Fuller,  by  the  Rev.  Arthur  T.  Russell,  Vicar 
of  Caxton,  Cambridgeshire,  Lon.,  1844,  sm.  Svo.  And  see 
BROOME,  REV.  ARTHUR,  in  this  Dictionary. 

Fuller  was  remarkable  for  his  piety,  his  wit,  his  kind 
ness  of  heart,  his  learning,  his  conversational  powers,  and 
his  wonderful  memory. 

"  He  had  a  memory  so  vastly  comprehensive  that  he  is  deservedly 
known  for  the  first  inventor  of  that  noble  art  [memoria  technica : 
but  this  was  known  to  the  ancients]  whereof  he  left  no  rules  be 
hind  him,  but  many  extraordinary  proofs ;  as,  after  a  walk  from 
Temple-Bar  to  the  furthest  conduit  in  Cheapside  his  repeating  all 
the  signs  on  both  sides  of  the  way,  orderly,  without  missing  or  mis 
placing  one ;  and  so  he  would  do  by  the  words  of  different  languages 
to  any  number ;  [500,  at  least,  after  twice  hearing  them,  it  has  been 
stated;]  to  the  great  astonishment  of  his  hearers." — Biog.  Brit. 

Fuller,  Thomas,  M.D.,  1654-1734,  honourably  dis 
tinguished  for  his  kindness  to  the  poor,  (see  Cotton  Mather's 
Essays  to  do  Good,)  was  educated  at  Queen's  Coll.,  Camb., 
and  practised  at  Sevenoaks,  Kent.  1.  Pharmacopoeia  Ex- 
temporanea,  Lon.,  1701,  <fec.,  Svo.  Trans,  into  French  and 
German.  2.  Pharmacopoeia  Bateana,  1718,  <fcc.,  12mo. 
3.  Pharmacopoeia  Domestica,  1725,  <fcc.,  Svo.  4.  Introduc- 
tio  ad  Prudentiam,  1726-27,  Svo;  1743,  with  an  addit. 
vol.,  2  vols.  New  ed.,  recently  pub.,  12mo.  5.  Introduc- 
tio  ad  Sapientam,  1731,  12mo.  6.  Exanthemalogia,  1730, 
4to.  7.  Adagies,  Proverbs,  Wise  Sentiments,  and  Witty 
Sayings,  ancient  and  modern,  Foreign  and  British,  1732, 
12mo.  8.  Family  Dispensatory,  1738,  <fec.,  Svo.  We  sub 
join  the  epitaph  in  Sevenoaks  Church,  made  by  Dr.  Fuller 
on  himself: 

"Ante  obitum  felix  canto  epicedia  nostra: 
Octoginta  annos  sum  passus  tristia  terrse; 
Mors  dabit  his  finem,  mecum  laetaminie  amici; 
JEternum  posthac  coeloruin  laeta  tenebo." 

See  Nichols's  Lit.  Anec. 

Fuller,  Thomas.  Journal,  <fec.  on  board  Cavendish's 
ship,  the  Desire.  See  Calender's  Voyages,  i.  471,  1766. 

Fuller,  Thomas,  D.D.  The  Causes  and  Cure  of  a 
Wounded  Conscience,  1810,  12mo. 

Fuller,  Wm.     Serm.,  Lon.,  1628,  4to. 

Fuller,  Wm.  Ephemeris  Parliamentaria,  Lon.,  1654, 
'63,  '81,  fol. 

Fuller,  Wm.  Tracts  rel.  to  the  Pretended  Prince  of 
Wales,  &c.,  Lon.,  1702-16. 

Fullerton,  Col.  Views  in  the  Himalaya  and  Neil- 
gherry  Hills;  24  plates,  Lon.,  1848,  4to. 

Fullerton,  Alex.     Toleration ;  a  Serm.,  Aberd.,  1784. 

Fullerton,  Lady  Georgiana,  one  of  the  most  popu 
lar  of  modern  English  novelists.  1.  Ellen  Middleton;  a 
Tale,  2d  ed.,  Lon.,  1844,  3  vols.  p.  8vo. 


FUL 

"We  scarcely  know  a  fiction  of  the  last  ten  years  that  so  com 
pletely  takes  hold  of  the  reader  as  Ellen  Middleton."— Mrs.  Rale's 
Woman's  Record. 

2.  Grantley  Manor,  1847,  3  vols.  p.  8vo ;  2ded.,1854,12mo. 
"  The  author  is  perhaps  too  elaborate  in  her  diction,  and  is  stirred 

too  often  by  an  ambition  for  the  superfine,  to  catch  that  flowing 
felicity  of  style  which  should  be  the  aim  of  the  novelist— a  style 
in  which  sentences  should  only  represent  thought  or  fact,  and 
never  dazzle  away  attention  from  the  matter  they  convey.  But 
with  some  faults  of  manner,  and  some  blunders  in  plot,  the  novel 
evinces  considerable  dramatic  power,  and  has  a  number  of  striking 
characters.  The  interest  is  well  sustained,  though  rapidity  of 
movement  in  the  story  is  ever  subsidiary  to  completeness  of  de 
lineation  in  the  characters."— B.  P.  WHIPPLE:  Essays,  ii.  405. 

"  G  rantley  Manor  is  the  title  of  an  exceedingly  interesting  volume, 
which  we  have  read  with  more  than  ordinary  pleasure.  The  style 
is  elegant,  the  story,  which  involves  a  succession  of  mysteries  and 
cross-purposes,  is  well  developed,  and  the  scene  and  character  paint- 
i  ae  is  full  of  spirit  and  truth.  The  authoress  is  certainly  a  woman 
of  genius,  which  she  has  used  to  excellent  purpose."— Southern 
Literary  Messenger. 

3.  Lady-Bird ;  a  Tale,  1852,  3  vols.  p.  Svo. 

Fullmer,  or  Fulmer,  Samuel.  The  Young  Gar 
dener's  Best  Companion  for  the  Kitchen  and  Fruit  Garden, 
Lon.,  1781,  12mo. 

Fullom,  S.  W.,  a  modern  author,  enjoying  great  popu 
larity.    1.  The  Daughter  of  Night,  Lon.,  1851,  3  vols.  p.  Svo. 
"  A  most  powerfully-told  and  fascinating  tale." — John  Butt. 

2.  The  Marvels  of  Science,  and  their  Testimony  to  Holy 
Writ,  3d  ed.,  1852,  p.  Svo;  8th  ed.,  1854;  9th  ed.,  1855. 

"  Genuine  service  has  been  done  to  the  cause  of  revelation  by 
the  i«sue  of  such  a  book." — Lon.  Globe. 

3.  The  Great  Highway;   3d  ed.,  1854,  3  vols.  p.  Svo. 
4.  The  Human  Mind,  1857,  2  vols.  p.  Svo. 

Full  wood  9  Francis,  D.D.,  Archdeacon  of  Totness, 
in  Devon.  Vindiciae  Mediorum  et  Mediatoris,  Lon.,  1651, 
Svo.  He  also  pub.  some  serms.,  and  several  discourses  in 
defence  of  the  Ch.  of  Eng.  and  against  the  Ch.  of  Rome. 
Of  these,  Roma  ruit ;  the  pillars  of  Rome  broken,  was  re- 
pub,  in  1847,  8vo,  edited  by  Mr.  C.  Hardwick. 
Fullwood,  Wm.  See  FULWOOD. 
Fulman,  Wm.,  1632-1688,  a  native  of  Kent,  educated 
at  Oxford  through  the  kindness  of  Dr.  Hammond,  attained 
some  eminence  as  an  antiquary.  1.  Academiae  Oxoniensis 
Notitia,  Oxon.,  1665,  4to.  With  Addits.  and  Correct,  from 
Wood's  Latin  Hist.,  1675,  4to.  2.  Appendix  to  the  Life 
of  E.  Stanton,  D.D.,  Lon.,  1673.  3.  Rerum  Anglicanum 
Scriptorum  Veterum. 

"Done  with  greater  accuracy  than  Gale's  two  volumes." — LOVE- 
DAY,  in  Bliss's  Wood's  Athen.  Oxon.;  where  see  a  further  account 
of  Ful  man's  literary  labours. 

He  made  some  observations  on,  and  corrections  of,  Bur- 
net's  Hist,  of  the  Reformation,  some  of  which  are  appended 
to  that  work.  He  also  edited  the  works  of  Charles  I.  and 
of  Dr.  Hammond. 

Fulmer,  Samuel.     See  FULLMER. 
Fulthrop,  Christopher.     The  Practice  of  a  Devout 
Christian,  Lon.,  1748,  Svo. 

Fulton,  George,  pub.  a  number  of  valuable  books 
upon  spelling,  <fec.,  and,  in  conjunction  with  C.  Knight, 
gave  to  the  world  a  Pronouncing  and  Explanatory  Die 
tionary,  first  pub.  in  1802,  12uio,  which  is  still  highly 
esteemed;  the  last  ed.  was  issued  in  1843,  12ino.  Mr.  F 
also  pub.  Johnson's  Diet,  in  Miniature,  which  passec 
through  a  number  of  eds. 

"  In  point  of  notation,  quantity,  and  syllabication,  Mr.  Fulton'i 

system  is,  in  our  opinion,  decidedly  superior  to  any  which  has  ye 

been  adopted  in  Spelling-books  and  Dictionaries." — British  Critic. 

Fulton,  HE.    Travelling  Sketches  in  various  Countries 

Lon.,  1840,  2  vols.  12mo. 

Fulton,  J.  W.  Brit-Indian  Book-Keeping,  1804,  Svo 
Fulton,  Rev.  John.     See  BROWN,  THOMAS,  and  the 
notice  of  Olshausen's  Comment. 

Fulton,  Levi  S.     See  EASTMAN,  G.  W. 
Fulton,  Robert,  1765-1815,  a  native  of  Little  Bri 
tain,  Pennsylvania,  has  linked  his  name  indissolubly  with 
improved  steam  navigation.     For  an  account  of  his  life 
and  labours  we  must  refer  the  reader  to  his  biography  in 
Sparks's  Amer.  Biog.,  1st  series,  x.  1-89,  written  by  Jame 
Renwick,  LL.D.,  and  to  C.  D.  Colden's  Life  of  Fulton,  N 
York,  1817,  8vo.      An  interesting  account,  narrated 
Fulton  himself  to  the  late  Judge  Story,  of  the  first  voyage 
of  the  Clermont  up  the  Hudson,  from  New  York  to  Albany 
August,  1807,  will  be  found  in  Story's  Miscell.  Writings 
480-482.    See  also  Robert  Walsh's  Appeal  from  the  Judg 
ment  of  Great  Brit.,  Phil,  and  Lon.,  1819,  Svo.     See  als< 
the  works  of  Daniel  Webster,  iv.  464,  vi.  6,  Boston,  1854 
Encyc.  Americana,  v.  335-337  ;  Lon.  Quar.  Rev.,  xix.  347- 
357  ;  Phila.  Museum,  xxxiii.  340  ;  Phila.  Analectic  Mag. 
v.  394,  x.  177 ;  Niles's  Register,  xiii.  51,  xxxiii.  15. 

Treatise  on  the  Improvement  of  Canal  Navigation,  Lon. 
1796,  4to.      This  work,  illustrated  by  17  plates  and  a 


FUR 

>ortrait,  is  very  rare.     A  copy  in  a  late  bookseller's  eata- 
ogue  is  priced  $12. 

Fulwell.  Ulpin,  b.  1556,  Rector  of  Naunton,  Glou- 
iestershire.  1.  The  Flower  of  Fame,  Lon.,  1575,  4to. 
Dhis  is  an  historical  work  rel.  to  Hen.  VIII.,  <fcc.,  in  prose 
and  verse.  A  copy  has  been  sold  for  £30  9».  It  is  re- 
>rinted  in  the  Harleian  Miscell.,  vol.  ix.  2.  Ars  Adulandi, 
he  Art  of  Flatterie,  1579,  4to. 
Our  readers  should  ponder  this  truth : 

"  Who  reads  a  booke  rashly,  at  random  doth  runne; 

Hee  goes  on  his  errande,  yet  leaues  it  undone." 
3.  A  pleasant  Interlude  entitled  Like  will  to  Like,  quoth 
;he  Devil  to  the  Collier,  1587,  4to.     This  is  a  moral  dra 
matic  piece. 

Fulwood,  Francis.     See  FULLWOOD. 
Fulwood,  Peter.     Serms.,  1673,  Svo. 
Fulwood,  or  Fullwood,  Wm.,  a  London  merchant 
1.  Trans,  of  Wm.  Gratarolus's  Castle  of  Memorie,  from  the 
Italian,  Lon.,  1562,  '63,  '73.     Watt  ascribes  this  trans,  to 
Wm.  Fulford,  also  to  W.  Fulward,  and  to  Wm.  Fulwood. 
A  curious  list  of  orthographical  errors.     For  an  account 
of  the  work,  see  Feinagle's  Art  of  Memory,  and  the  Cen- 
sura  Literaria,  ed.  1815,  v.  309. 

"Memory  taketh  leave  of  her  disciples  with  the  following  pithy 
admonition : 

"  To  him  that  would  me  gladly  gaine, 
These  three  preceptes  shal  not  be  vaine : 
The  fyrst,  is  wel  to  understand 
The  thing  that  he  doth  take  in  hand. 
The  second  is  the  same  to  place 
In  order  good,  and  formed  race. 
The  thyrde  is,  often  to  repeate 
The  thing  that  he  would  not  forgeate." 

Quoted  in  Cen.  Lit.,  ubi  supra. 

2.  The  Enimie  of  Idleness.  Teaching  the  maner  and 
stile  how  to  endite,  compose,  and  write  all  sorts  of  Epistles 
and  Letters,  Ac.,  1568,  '98,  Svo  and  16mo,  consisting  of 

"Sundry  Letters  belonging  to  Love,  as  well  in  Verse  as  in 
Prose." 

All  is  in  prose,  save  the  last  thirteen  pages,  which  con 
tain  seven  metrical  love-epistles.  We  give  a  specimen  of 
the  poetry  : 

"  A  constant  lover  doth  expresse 
His  griping  grifes,  which  still  encrease." 


"  A  lover,  pearst  with  Cupide' 
Thinks  long  till  he  be  rid  fr< 


ide's  bowe, 
'd  from  woe." 


«  A  lover  hath  his  ladie's  hart, 
And  writes  to  hir  as  is  his  part." 

Quoted  in  Oe,n.  Lit.,  x.  5. 

We  presume  that  the  "  ladies"  will  not  insist  upon  fur 
ther  specimens.  See  also  Herbert's  Typ.  Antiq.  of  G.  Brit 

Funnel!,  Wm.,  mate  to  Capt  Dampier.  A  voyage 
round  the  World,  containing  an  account  of  Capt.  Dam- 
pier's  Expedit  into  the  South  Seas,  in  the  St.  George, 
1703-04,  Lon.,  1707,  Svo.  This  relation  was  unauthorized 
by  Capt.  Dampier,  who  pub.  a  Vindication  of  his  voyage, 
in  the  same  year,  in  answer  to  it.  The  Vindication  elicited 
a  reply  from  John  Welbe,  a  midshipman  in  Dampier's 
ship.  See  an  account  of  this  matter  in  Rich's  Bibl.  Amer. 
Nova,  under  1707 ;  and  see  DAMPIER,  CAPT.  WM.,  in  this 
Dictionary.  Funnell's  narrative  is  repub.  in  Harris's 
Collec.  of  Voy.  and  Trav.,  vol.  i.  2.  Voyage  to  Magel- 
lanica  in  1703.  See  Calender's  Voy.,  iii.  145,  1766. 

Furber,  Robert.  1.  Cat.  of  Eng.  and  For.  Trees, 
Lon.,  1727,  Svo.  2.  Flower-Garden  display'd,  1732,  4to. 
3.  Short  Introduc.  to  Gardening,  1733,  Svo.  4.  Collec.  of 
Flowers  for  the  twelve  Months,  fol. 

Furley,  Lieut.  Maxims  and  Morals  for  our  Conduct 
through  Life,  1791,  12mo. 

Furlong,  J.  S.  Law  of  Landlord  and  Tenant  in  Ire 
land,  Dubl.,  1845,  2  vols.  Svo. 

Furly,  Samuel.     Serm.,  1779,  4to. 

Furman,  Richard,  D.D.,  d.  1825,  a  Baptist  minister 
of  Charleston,  S.  C.,  pub.  a  serm.  in  1796,  and  furnished 
Ramsay,  the  historian,with  a  statistical  account  of  Camden. 

Furneaux,  Philip,  D.D.,  1726-1783,  a  Dissenting 
minister,  lecturer  at  Clapham,  in  Surrey,  1753-76,  pub. 
Serms.,  1758-69,  Letters  to  Justice  Blackstone  on  his 
Expos,  of  the  Act  of  Toleration,  1793,  Svo.  His  Letters 
to  Blackstone  are  said 

"  To  have  induced  the  learned  commentator  to  alter  some  posi 
tions  in  the  subsequent  editions  of  his  valuable  work."  See  Lon. 
Gent.  Mag.,  vols.  li.,  liii. 

Furness,  Rev.  John.  The  Pract.  Surveyor,  Lon.,1809. 

Furness,  Rev.  William  H.,  b.  in  Boston,  April  20, 
1802 ;  grad.  at  Harvard  Coll.  in  1820 ;  completed  his  theo 
logical  education  in  1823 ;  ordained  as  pastor  of  the  First 
Congreg.  Unitarian  Church  in  Philadelphia,  Jan.  12, 1825. 
1.  Remarks  on  the  Four  Gospels,  Phila.,  1836;  Lon.  1837, 


FUR 

'51.  2.  Jesus  and  his  Biographers,  1838.  3.  A  History  of 
Jesus,  1850.  New  ed.,  1853  ;  Lon.,  1850. 

"The  author  is  a  man  whom  to  know  is  to  love,  who  is  deeply 
penetrated  with  the  spirit  of  Christianity,  and  whose  whole  life  and 
character  have  grown  from  intimate  heart-communion  with  the 
objects  of  his  religious  faith.  He  is  a  man  of  a  rich,  active,  and 
fruitful  intellect,  of  the  most  liberal  culture,  of  warm  enthusiasm 
and  glowing  fancy.  But  he  is  neither  a  logician  nor  critic.  ^Esthetic 
considerations  weigh  more  with  him  than  historical  proofs,  and 
vividness  of  conception  than  demonstration.  So  far  is  he  from 
needing  facts  to  verify  his  theories,  that  he  is  ready  to  reject  the 
best-authenticated  facts,  if  they  would  not  flow  necessarily  from 

his  d priori  reasoning A  History  of  Jesus  is  a  title  worthy  of 

the  author's  honesty.  The  definite  article  would  have  been  sadly 
out  of  place;  for  the  work  is  not  an  exposition  of  the  Gospels  as 
they  are,  but  an  original  Gospel,  embracing  and  endorsing  such 
portions  of  the  record  of  the  evangelists  as  accorded  with  his  no 
tions  of  what  must  and  should  have  been,  and  telling  the  rest  of 
the  story  as  the  evangelists  would  have  told  it  had  they  belonged 
to  his  school  of  philosophy  and  theology.  His  theoiy  is,  we  believe, 
entirely  original  and  peculiar.  It  is  naturalism  in  a  form  so  irra 
tional  and  untenable  that  we  can  hardly  conceive  of  its  ever  find 
ing  a  second  advocate."— A.  P.  PEABODY,  m  N.  Amur.  Rev.,  Ixxi. 
464;  see  also  Chris.  Exam.,  xlix.  239;  xv.  277. 

4.  Domestic  Worship,  1842.  New  ed.,  1850.  5.  Mirror 
of  Nature,  trans,  from  the  German  of  Schubert.  6.  Gems 
of  German  Verse. 

"  He  is  a  poet  of  fine  taste,  and  deep  feeling,  and  has  published 
fugitive  poems,  chiefly  hymns  and  devotional  pieces.  He  has  made 
exquisite  translations  from  the  German,  chief  of  which  stands  his 
Torsion  of  Schiller's  '  Song  of  the  Bell.'  He  is  a  lover  of  the  beauti 
ful  arts,  and  has  rendered  them  great  service  in  Philadelphia." — 
Men  of  the  Time,  N.  York,  1852. 

7.  A  vol.  of  Discourses,  1855, 12mo.  8.  Julius,  and  other 
Tales;  from  the  German,  Phila.,  1856, 12mo.  9.  Thoughts 
on  the  Life  and  Character  of  Jesus  of  Nazareth,  Bost., 
1859,  12mo. 

Mr.  Furness  edited  The  Diadem,  a  Philadelphia  annual, 
for  three  years,  and  has  occasionally  contributed  to  the 
Christian  Examiner,  pub.  in  Boston. 

Furniss,  William,  of  N.  York.  1.  The  Old  World  ; 
or,  Scenes  and  Cities  in  Foreign  Lands,  with  a  Map 
and  Illustrations,  New  York,  1850,  8vo.  2.  Waraga; 
or,  The  Charms  of  the  Nile,  12mo.  3.  The  Land  of  the 
Caesar  and  the  Doge,  1853,  12mo.  See  Putnam's  Maga 
zine,  i.  230. 

Furs  man,  John.     Serm.,  1715,  8vo. 

Furtado,  John.  1, 2.  Works  on  Thorough  Bass,  1798, 
8vo.  3.  The  Piano  Forte,  Ac.,  1798,  4to. 

Fuseli,  Henry,  1741-1825,  a  celebrated  painter,  a 
native  of  Zurich,  visited  England  in  1763,  and  was  per- 
Buaded  by  Sir  Joshua  Reynolds,  who  discovered  his  great 
abilities,  to  adopt  the  profession  of  an  artist.  In  1770  he 
visited  Italy,  where  he  remained  for  nine  years,  and  on 
his  return  at  once  took  a  position  among  the  first  painters 
of  the  day.  From  this  time  until  his  death  he  annually 
contributed  to  the  Royal  Academy.  He  died  at  the  ripe 
age  of  87,  when  on  a  visit  to  the  Countess  of  Guilford,  at 
Putney  Hill.  For  an  account  of  his  life,  artistic  labours, 
and  his  views  of  professional  matters,  we  must  refer  the 
reader  to  his  Life  and  Works,  (Lectures  on  Painting, 
Aphorisms,  History  of  Arts  in  the  Schools  of  Italy,  Ac.,) 
the  former  written,  the  latter  edited,  by  John  Knowles, 


GAD 

1831,  3  vols.  8vo.  See  also  Autobiography  of  Haydon : 
By  Tom  Taylor,  Lon.,  1853,  3  vols.  8vo.  His  Lectures, 
two  series,  were  also  pub.  separately,  1801,  Ac.  As  early  as 
1765,  8vo,  he  pub.  Reflections  on  the  Painting  and  Sculp 
ture  of  the  Greeks,  with  Instructions  for  the  Connoisseur, 
and  an  Essay  on  Grace  in  Works  of  Art,  trans,  from  the 
German  of  the  Abbe"  Winkelmann ;  and  in  1805  he  gave 
to  the  world  an  improved  ed.  of  Pilkington's  Diet,  of 
Painters,  4to.  Of  this  work  there  have  been  later  eds. 
See  the  name.  The  Life  and  Works  of  Fuseli  must  not  be 
neglected  by  the  student: 

'•  These  volumes  are  perhaps  the  most  valuable,  as  regards  the 
fine  arts,  ever  published  in  England.  Every  one  who  possesses 
the  lectures  of  Sir  Joshua  Reynolds  should  possess  also  those  of 
Fuseli.  comprised  in  the  above  work,  together  with  the  painter's 
Aphorisms  on  Art,  and  his  History  of  the  Italian  Schools  of  Paint 
ing  and  Sculpture,  all  of  which  are  included  in  the  present  edi 
tion."—  Lon.  Month.  Rev.  See  also  Wornum's  Lectures  by  the 
Royal  Academicians,  Ac,  1848. 

Mr.  Robert  Balmanno,  now  (1858)  living  in  Brooklyn, 
New  York,  was  an  intimate  friend  and  one  of  the  execu 
tors  of  Fuseli.  As  already  stated,  (see  BALMANNO,  ROBERT,) 
we  have  earnestly  urged  Mr.  B.  to  give  to  the  world  some 
reminiscences  of  the  departed  great, — the  friends  who  have 
passed  before  him  into  the  world  of  spirits.  We  fear,  how 
ever,  that  this  desire  must  remain  among  the  ungratified. 

Fyfe,  Andrew.  1.  A  System  of  Anatomy  and  Phy 
siology,  2  vols.  8vo;  2d  ed.,  1787, 3  vols.  8vo;  1800,  3  vols. 
4to.  New  ed.,  1820,  3  vols.  4to.  2.  Anatomy  of  the  Human 
Body,  Edin.,  1800,  3  vols.  4to ;  vol.  iv.,  1804,  '07,  3  vols. 
8vo.  3.  Anatomia  Britannica,  1804,  3  vols.  12mo;  4th  ed., 
1810,  3  vols.  8vo,  entitled  A  Comp.  of  the  Anatomy  of  the 
Human  Body.  New  ed.,  1822,  4  vols.  8vo.  4.  Compara 
tive  Anatomy,  1813,  8vo.  5.  Elements  of  Chemistry,  8vo. 
6.  Manual  of  Chemistry,  12mo.  7.  Reciprocal  Influence 
of  Body  and  Mind,  8vo. 

Fyfe,  Archibald.  Poems  and  Criticisms,  Paris, 
1806,  12mo. 

Fyler,  Samuel.     Serms.,  Ac.,  1680-1700. 

Fyloll,  Jasper.  A  Treatise  against  the  Possessions 
of  the  Clergye,  gedderd  and  compyled  by  J.  F.,  Lon., 
16mo. 

Fynch,  Martin.     Practical  Divinity,  Lon.,  1658, 8vo. 

Fynes,  Charles,  LL.D.    Serm.,  1798,  4to. 

Fynn,  Robert.  Brit.  Consuls  Abroad;  their  Origin, 
Rank,  Privileges,  Duties,  Ac.,  2d  ed.,  Lon.,  1848,  12mo. 

"This  work  is  written  with  manifest  care  and  judgment;  its 
contents  are  not  only  of  vital  importance  to  Consuls,  but  to  Mer 
chants,  Ship-owners,  Captains,  and  Travellers." 

Fynney,  Fielding  Best,  Surgeon.  Con.to  Med.Com., 
1775,  '76,  '85 ;  to  Memoirs  Med.,  1789 :  to  Phil.  Trans., 
1777. 

Fysh,  Henry,  Vicar  of  Middleton,  Norfolk.  Serm.  on 
Prov.  x.  27,  1738,  8vo. 

Fysh,  Thomas.     Serm.  on  Zech.  xii.  8,  1685,  4to. 

Fysher,  Robert.  Catalogus  Impressorum  Librorum 
Bibliotheca  Bodleianae  in  Academia  Oxoniensi,  Oxon., 
1738,  2  vols.  fol.  See  BOBLEY,  SIR  THOMAS. 

Fyson,  Thomas,  Chaplain  to  the  Earl  of  Uxbridge. 
Serm.  on  1  Cor.  xv.  58,  1715,  8vo. 


G. 


Gabb,  Rev.  Thomas.  Finis  Pyramidis;  or,  Dis 
quisitions  concerning  the  Antiquity  and  Scientific  End  of 
the  great  Pyramid  of  Giza,  Lon.,  1806,  8vo. 

Gabbett,  Joseph.  1.  Abridgt.,  Ac.  of  the  Stat.  Law 
of  Eng.  and  Ire.,  Dubl.,  1812-18,  4  vols.  8vo.  New  ed.,  to 
1841,  inclusive. 

"  An  excellent  and  accurate  digest." 

See  Warren's  Law  Studies,  881  ,•  1  Leg.  Rep.,  245 ; 
Tomlin's  Diet.,  Pref.  2.  Crim.  Law,  1835-43,  2  vols.  8vo. 

Gabble,  Gridiron,  i.  e.,  Joseph  Haslewood. 
Green  Room  Gossip ;  or,  Gravity  gallinipt. 

Gabell,  Henry.  1.  High  Price  of  Corn,  Lon.,  1796, 
8vo.  2.  A  Fast  Serm.,  1799,  8vo. 

Gabriel,  John.  Essay  towards  the  Theory  of  an 
Invisible  World,  The  Archetypally,  2d  ed.,  1700,  8vo.  It 
is  supposed  that  Swift  was  indebted  to  the  Theorv  of  an 
Invisible  World. 

Gabriel,  Rob.  Burd,  D.D.,  d.  1804.  Tracts  rel.  to 
the  Rev.  Dr.  White's  Bampton  Lect.,  Lon.,  1789,  8vo. 

Gace,  Wm.     Theolog.  treatises,  Lon.,  1578,  '79. 

Gadbury,  Job,  d.  1715,  a  disciple  of  John  Gadbury, 
probably  succeeded  him  in  the  publication  of  his  almanac. 

Gadbury,  John,  1627-1692?  a  notorious  astrologer^ 


pub.  almanacs,  astrological  treatises,  nativities,  Ac.,  1656- 
91,  a  list  of  which  will  be  found  in  the  Bibl.  Brit,  The 
Black  Life  of  John  Gadbury,  written  and  pub.  by  Par 
tridge,  appeared  in  1693. 

Gadbury,  Thomas  or  Timothy.  Astrolog.  Pre 
dict,  of  Chas.  II.,  his  coming  to  the  Crown  of  Ene.,  Lon., 
1660,  fol. 

Gaddesby,  or  Gadesby,  Richard.  1.  Decimal 
Arith.,  Lon.,  1757,  8vo.  2.  Geography,  1776,  12mo. 

Gaddesden,  John  of,  who  lived  in  the  early  part 
of  the  14th  century,  was  the  first  Englishman  employed 
as  a  physician  at  court,  being  appointed  by  Edward  II. 
Before  this  the  court-physicians  had  been  foreigners.  Dr. 
Freind,  in  his  Hist,  of  Physic,  exposes,  in  a  humorous 
manner,  the  ignorance,  quackery,  and  superstition  of  Gad 
desden.  He  wrote  Rosa  Anglica  :  seu  Practica  Medicinae 
a  Capite  ad  Pedus  Papise,  1492, '99,  fol.  Venet.,  1502, 
'06,  fol.  Neapoli,  1508.  Trew,  1516,  fol.  Aug.  Vind., 
1595,  2  vols.  4to,  with  Notes  by  Schopfius.  See  Bibl. 
Brit. 

"  He  seems  to  have  made  a  collection  of  all  the  receipts  he  had 
ever  met  with  or  heard  of;  and  this  book  affords  us  a  complete 
history  of  what  medicines  were  in  use,  not  only  among  the  phy 
sicians  of  that  time,  but  among  the  common  people  in  all  parts  of 


GAD 

England,  both,  in  the  empirical  and  superstitious  way."    See 
Freind's  History  of  Physic. 

"  The  method  of  producing  fresh  from  salt  water  by  simple  dis 
tillation,  (in  an  alembic  with  a  gentle  heat,)  is  familiarly  men 
tioned  by  this  author,  even  at  so  remote  a  period."  See  Aikin's 
Biog.  Memoirs  of  Med.;  Rees's  Cyc. ;  Chalmers's  Biog.  Diet. 

Gadsden.  Funl.  Serm.  on  Bp.  Dehon.  In  Dehon  s 
Serms.,  ii.  529. 

Gael,  Samuel  H.      1.  Contingent  and    Eventual 
Losses,  Lon.,  Svo.     2.  Legal  Composition,  1840,  8vo.     An 
excellent  work.     3.  Free,  of  Exam.,  Ac.,  1843,  12mo. 
"  This  is  a  very  useful  work." — 7  Jurist,  351. 
Gage,  Viscount.     Lett.  rel.  to  legalizing  marriage 
with  a  deceased  wife's  sister,  Lon.,  1851,  8vo. 

Gage,  John.  1.  Hist,  and  Antiq.  of  Hengrave  in 
Suffolk,  Lon.,  1822,  r.  4to  and  imp.  4to.  Highly  com 
mended.  2.  Hist,  and  Antiq.  of  Suffolk,  1838,  r.  4to  and 
imp.  4to.  This  work  contains  the  complete  history  of  the 
Thingo  Hundred,  which  is  all  that  has  been  pub. 

Gage,M.  1.  Cryptography;  or,  Secret  Wri  ting,  Norw., 
1809,  8vo.  2.  Answer  rel.  to  W.  Blair  resp.  a  Cypher, 
1809,  8vo. 

Gage,  Thomas,  a  R.  Catholic  missionary  who  turned 
Protestant,  and  obtained  the  living  of  Deal,  in  Kent.  In 
addition  to  some  theolog.  treatises,  he  pub.  A  New  Survey 
of  the  W.  Indies,  Lon.,  1648,  '55,  '77,  fol.  In  the  3d  ed. 
a  chapter  which  reflected  on  the  character  of  Archbp. 
Laud  was  omitted.  Gage's  sermon  was  trans,  into  Span 
ish.  See  Rich's  Bibl.  Amer.  Nova. 


GAL 

8vo.  3.  By  Messrs.  Galbraith  and  Haughton,  in  conjunc 
tion  with  Erasmus  Smith,  Manual  of  Astronomy,  1855,  fp. 
8vo.  Mr.  G.  has  pub.  several  works  on  mathematics,  me 
chanics,  and  nat.  philos. 

Galbraith,  Richard.  Latin  Grammar,  Virgil,  <fcc., 
1841-46. 

Galbraith,  Wm.  Works  on  surveying,  astronomy, 
and  engineering,  1842,  <fec. 

Gale.     Cabinet  of  Knowledge,  1797,  12mo. 

Gale,  Benjamin,  M.D.,  1715-1790,  a  native  of  Long 
Island,  pub.  a  Treatise  on  Inoculation  for  the  Small  Pox, 
Phil.  Trans.,  1763;  on  the  Bite  of  Rattlesnakes,  same  year; 
some  Essays  in  Transac.  Med.  Soc.  of  New  Haven;  and  a 
Dissert,  on  the  Prophecies.  See  Thacher's  Amer.  Med.  Biog. 

Gale,  C.  J.  1.  Stat.  3  and  4  Will.  IV.,  c.  42,  Lon.,  1833, 
12mo.  2.  Rep.  Ct.  Ex.,  1836-38, 2  vols.  8vo.  3.  Rep.  Case 
of  the  Queen  v.  S.  W.  R.  R.  Co.,  1842,  r.  8vo.  4.  C.  J.  G. 
and  Tho.  D.  Whately,  Law  of  Easements,  1839,  8vo;  2d 
ed.,  1848.  1st  Amer.  ed.,  by  E.  Hammond,  N.  York,  1840, 
8vo.  5.  C.  J.  G.  and  H.  Davison,  Rep.  Ct.  Q.  B.  and  Ex. 
C.,  1841-43,  3  vols.  8vo;  1841-43.  See  DAVISON,  H. 

Gale,  Dunstan.  Pyramus  and  Thisbe,  a  Lovely  Poem, 
Lon.,  1617,  4to.  Bindley,  Pt.  4,  167,  £6  8s.  U.  See  Rit- 
son's  Bibl.  Poet.,  214,  215. 

Gale,  John,  1680-1721,  an  eminent  Baptist  divine,  a 
native  of  London,  studied  at  Leyden  and  Amsterdam,  and 
on  his  return  home  became  one  of  the  ministers  of  St. 
Paul's  Alley,  near  Barbican,  London.  Wm.  Wall,  D.D., 


Though  Gage  pretends  to  have  collected  his  materials  on  the  !  pub.  his  Hist,  of  Infant  Baptism  in  1705,  2  vols.  8vo;  2d 
_.„.  ^^  ------  ~^_,  .-_  „_,_,  ___v_«_  ,_™  i       - 


spot,  the  account  "of  that  place  (Mexico)  is  copied  verbatim  from 
Nicholas's  Conquest  of  WeasWndia."— DR.  SOUTHEY. 

Gager,  Wm.,  a  poet  and  civilian,  was  entered  of 
Christ  Church,  Oxf.,  in  1574.  1.  Exequiae,  Ac.,  D.  Phi- 
lippi  Sidnaei,  <fcc..  Oxon.,  1587,  4to.  2.  Meleager  Tragoedia, 
1592,  Svo.  3.  Vlisses  Redvx,  Tragoedia  Nova,  1592.  He 
contended  for  the  lawfulness  of  stage-plays  against  Dr. 
John  Rainolds,  and  insisted  upon  a  position  of  his,  very 
properly  attacked  by  Mr.  Hale,  viz. :  "  That  it  was  lawful 
for  husbands  to  beat  their  wives."  Whether  Mr.  Gager 
indulged  in  this  elegant  and  manly  amusement  we  have 
no  means  of  knowing. 

"  He  was  an  excellent  poet,  especially  in  the  Latin  tongue,  and 
reputed  the  best  comedian  (i.  e.  dramatic  writer)  of  his  time." — 
Athen.  Oxon. 

Gahagan,  John.  Irritability  of  Plants;  in  Med. 
Com.,  1789. 

Gahagan,  Matthias,  M.D.,  of  Grenada.  Con.  to 
Med.  Cora.,  1788. 

Gahagan,  Usher,  executed  at  Tyburn,  1749,  for 
clipping  the  coin,  edited  Brindley's  Classics,  and  trans, 
into  Latin  Pope's  Essay  on  Criticism,  the  Temple  of 
Fame,  and  the  Messiah. 

Gaharf,  Wm.,  a  R.  Catholic  divine.  1.  Serms.  and 
Moral  Discourses,  6th  ed.,  Dubl.,  1847,  Svo.  2.  Manual 
of  Catholic  Piety,  1847,  12mo. 

Gailhard,  J.  Theolog.,  hist.,  and  educational  works, 
Lon.,  1660-99. 

Gaimar,  Geoffrey.  See  GEOFFREY  GAIMAR. 
Gainesforde,  or  Gainsford,  Thomas.  1.  Hist, 
of  Trebizaud,  Lon.,  1616,  4 to.  2.  Scrutoneer's  Study,  1616, 
4to.  3.  Hist,  of  Perkin  Warbeck,  1618,  4to.  4.  Glory  and 
Prerog.  of  Eng.,  1618,  4to.  5.  Hist,  of  the  Earl  of  Tirone, 
1619,  4to. 

Gairden,  George,  D.D.  1.  Funl.  Serm.,  1726,  Svo. 
2.  Works  of  the  Rev.  H.  Scougal,  1818. 

Gairdner,  Wm.,  M.D.  On  Gout:  its  history,  cause, 
and  cure,  Lon.,  1849,  p.  Svo;  3d  ed.,  1854. 

"  This  book  is  the  work  of  a  man  mature  in  years,  and  who  has 
spent  his  life  in  studying  the  phenomena  of  which  he  now  renders 
an  account.  .  .  .  Our  readers  will  find  an  ample  storehouse  of  in 
teresting  and  important  matter." — Lon.  Lancet. 

Gaisford,  Stephen.  Abolit.  Slave  Trade,  1811,  Svo. 
Gaisford,  Thomas,  D.D.,  1780-1855,  Regius  Prof, 
of  Greek,  Oxf.,  and  Dean  of  Christ  Church,  d.  1855,  in  his 
75th  year.  1.  Hephaestionis  Alexandrini,  Ac.,  Oxon.,  1810, 
Svo.  2.  Poet.  Minores  Graaci,  1816,  4  vols.  Svo.  3.  Lectiones 
Platonicse,  1820,  Svo.  4.  Herodotus ;  new  ed.,  1840,  2  vols. 
Svo.  5.  Suidas,  1834,  3  vols.  fol.  6.  Scriptores  Latini  Rei 
Metricse,  1838,  Svo.  7.  Etymologicon  Magnum,  1848,  fol. 
8.  Theodoreti  Episcopi,  &c.,  1854,  Svo.  Dr.  G.  prepared 
Pt.  1  of  the  Cat.  of  MS.  of  E.  D.  Clarke,  in  the  Bodleian 
Library,  1812,  4to.  For  an  account  of  his  life  and  par 
ticulars  of  his  literary  labours,  we  refer  to  the  London 
Athenaeum  and  the  Gent.  Mag. 

Gaitskell,  Wm.,  Surgeon.  Med.  and  Chem.  eon.  to 
Med.  Facts,  1793;  Memoirs  Med.,  1793,  '95,  '99. 

Galbraith,  Rev.  Joseph  A.,  and  Rev.  Samuel 
Haughton.  1.  Manual  of  Plane  Trigonometry,  Lon., 
1851,  12mo.  2.  Manual  of  Arithmetic,  2d  ed.,  1855,  fp. 


17Q^  4fco>     In  nilj  8y0j  Gale  pub>  (1)  Reflections  on 

Wall's  Defence  of  Infant  Baptism,  2d  ed.,  1720,  8vo.  New 
ed.,  1820,  8vo.  Wall  responded  to  Gale  :  see  WALL,  WM., 
D.D.  The  reader  must  procure  The  History  of  Infant 
Baptism,  together  with  Gale's  Reflections  and  Wall's  De 
fence.  New  ed.,  by  the  Rev.  Henry  Cotton,  D.C.L.,  1836, 
4  vols.  Svo:  again,  1844,  4  vols.  Svo. 

"  Both  the  works  of  these  learned  writers  on  this  subject  are 
worthy  of  examination  on  account  of  the  learning  and  knowledge 
)f  ecclesiastical  history  which  they  contain."  —  Orme's  Bibl.  Bib. 

The  publication  of  Gale's  work  gave  him  reputation, 
and  it  is  still  perhaps  the  best  work  on  the  subject. 

"  Gale  and  Booth  are  the  principal  standard  works  on  the  side 
of  the  Baptists."—  BJCKERSTETH. 

2.  Serms.  on  several  occasions,  2d  ed.,  1726,  4  vols.  Svo. 
'•'  He  was  considered  to  be  one  of  the  ablest  ministers  of  his  time 
among  the  general  Baptists.  The  congregation  to  which  Dr.  Gale 
preached  is  said  to  have  been  numerous  and  respectable;  his  voice 
was  clear  and  melodious,  his  style  easy  and  strong,  his  method 
exact,  his  reasoning  convincing."  —  Bogue  and  Bennett's  Hist,  of  the 
Dissenters. 

See  his  serms.  highly  commended  in  the  Lon.  Theolog. 
Mag.;  also  refer  to  Life  prefixed  to  his  Works;  Biog.  Brit.; 
Nichols's  Atterbury  Corresp.;  Crosb3r's  Hist,  of  the  Baptists. 
Gale,  Levin.  A  List  of  Eng.  Statutes  supposed  to  be 
applicable  to  the  several  States  of  the  Union,  Svo. 

Gale,  Roger,  1672-1744,  a  son  of  the  learned  Thomas 
Gale,  D.D.,  educated  at,  and  Fellow  of,  Trin.  Coll.,  Camb., 
represented  Northallerton  in  three  parliaments,  was  Com 
missioner  of  Excise,  and  the  first  Vice-President  of  the  An 
tiquarian  Society.  1.  The  Knowledge  of  Medals,  from  the 
French  of  Jobert,  Lon.,  1697,  1715,  Svo.  2.  Antonini  Iter 
Britanniarum  Commentariis  illustratum,  1709,  4to.  3.  Re- 
gistrum  Honoris  de  Richmond,  ex  libro  Domesday,  1722, 
fol.  4.  Antiquarian  con.  to  Phil.  Trans.,  1718,  '23,  '36,  '45  ; 
to  Arcbseol.,  vol.  ii.  p.  25;  to  Leland's  Itinerary,  vol.  vi. 
p.  93.  See  Nichols's  Lit.  Anecdotes  ;  Bibl.  Top.  Brit.,  No.  2. 
Gale,  S.,  of  Charleston,  South  Carolina.  Four  Essays 
on  the  Nature  and  Principles  of  Public  Credit,  Lon.,  1784, 
'85,  '86,  Svo.  See  an  interesting  article  on  the  English 
Sinking  Fund  —  "  the  grossest  delusion,  certainly,  by  which 
any  civilized  people  was  ever  blinded  and  deceived"  —  in 
McCulloch's  Lit.  of  Polit.  Econ.,  334-36. 

Gale,  Samuel,  1682-1754,  a  brother  of  Roger  Gale, 
was  one  of  the  revivers  of  the  Antiquarian  Society  in 
1717,  and  the  first  treasurer.  1.  Hist,  and  Antiq.  of  Win 
chester  Cathedral,  begun  by  the  Right  Hon.  Henry,  Earl 
of  Clarendon,  and  continued  to  this  time,  Lon.,  1715,  Svo. 
2.  Antiquarian  con.  to  Archaeol.,  1770,  and  in  the  Bibl.  Top. 
Brit. 

Gale,  Theophilus,  1628-1678,  a  learned  Noncon 
formist,  a  native  of  Devonshire,  educated  at,  and  Fellow 
of,  Magdalen  Coll.,  Oxf.,  settled  at  Winchester,  and  became 
a  popular  preacher.  Refusing  to  conform  at  the  Restora 
tion,  he  was  ejected  from  his  fellowship,  travelled  as  tutor 
with  the  two  sons  of  Lord  Wharton,  and  on  his  return  be 
came  assistant  and  subsequently  successor  to  Mr.  John 
Rowe,  who  had  a  congregation  at  Holborn.  He  bequeathed 
his  library  to  the  promotion  of  dissenting  principles  in 
England.  He  pub.  four  Serms..  1671,  '72,  '73,  '74.  The 

647 


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trne  idea  of  Jansenism,  1669,  Svo;  a  biog.  notice  of  T.  ' 
Tregasse,  1671;  Idese  Theologiaj,  1673,  STO;  Philosophia 
Generalis,  1676, 12mo;  and  The  Court  of  the  Gentiles;  or,  i 
a  Discourse  touching  the  Original  of  Human  Literature, 
both  Philologic  and  Philosophic,  from  the  Scriptures  and 
Jewish  Church,  Ac,      In  4  Pts.,  but  pub.  in  5  vols.,  vis. 
VoL  L,  PL  1,  of  Philologie,  Books  1,  2,  3,  2d  ed.,  revised  j 
and  enlarged,  Oxf.,  1672,  4to.     VoL  iL,  Pt  2,  of  Barbaric  | 
and  Grecanic  Philosophic,  Books  1, 2, 3, 4, 2d  ed.,  enlarged, 
Lon.,  1676,  4to.     VoL  iiL,  Pt  3,  The  Vanity  of  Pagan  Phi-  j 
losophie  demonstrated,  Books  1,  2, 1677,  4to.     VoL  iv.,  Pt 
4,  of  Reformed  Philosophic,  Books  1,  2, 1677,  4to.    VoL  T., 
Pt  4  continued,  of  Reformed  Philosophic,  Book  3,  1682, 
4to.     It  is  this  List  part,  treating  of  divine  Predetermina 
tion,  Book  3  of  Pt  4,  which  is  so  often  wanting.     The  1st 
eds.  of  the  5  Pts.  were  pub.  1669—77.      This  great  work 
occupied  the  author  for  more  than  twenty  years.     It  had  a 
narrow  escape  from  destruction  by  fire.     See  Athen.  Oxon. 
«  They  [the  various  parts  of  which  the  work  is  composed]  shew 
the  author  to  hare  been  well  read  in.  and  conversant  with,  the 
writings  of  the  fathers,  the  old  philosophers,  and  those  that  have 
given  any  account  of  them  or  their  works :  as  also  to  have  been  a 
good  metaphysician  and  school-divine." — Athen.  Oxen. 

"  This  learned  and  elaborate  work,  after  falling  for  a  time  into 
obscurity,  is  now  in  great  repute.  The  leading  object  of  it  is,  to 
trace  all  human  learning,  philosophy,  and  religion,  to  the  ancient 
Scriptures  and  the  Jewish  church.  Gale  certainly  carries  his  ideas 
too  far :  but  he  must  be  very  prejudiced  or  stupid  who  does  not  see 
that  the  substance  of  his  argument  is  made  out  The  style  of  the 
work  Is  clumsy  and  verbose,  the  numerous  quotations  render  it 
irksome  to  read,  and  the  reasonings  are,  in  some  places,  obscure 
and  metaphysical ;  but  it  is  a  work  of  real  merit  and  learning,  and 
will  repay  a  careful  examination  to  those  who  are  partial  to  the 
kind  of  subjects  which  it  discusses."— OrmSt  BM.  Bib. 

"Our  countryman  Gale  is  for  deriving  all  arts  and  sciences, 
without  exception,  from  the  Jews.  Who  would  not  think  the  man 
was  bantering  us,  had  he  not  given  so  sad  a  proof  of  his  being  in 
earnest,  as  the  writing  three  bulky  volumes  in  support  of  these 
wonderful  discoveries  ?^— BISHOP  WARBCRTOX. 

"I  believe  that  Jacob  Bryant,  when  writing  his  Ancient  System 
of  Mythology,  was  much  aided  by  Gale's  Court  of  the  Gentiles."— 
Da.  PARR. 

"  This  learned  work  contains  a  vast  body  of  information  on  Pa 
gan  Philosophy,  and  the  light  obtained  by  the  ancients  from  the 
Scriptures."—  Bickcrsteth'*  Chrit.  Stu. 

Bickersteth  also  commends  Gale's  Discourse  concerning 
Christ's  Second  Coming,  1673, 8vo ;  new  ed.,  1839, 18mo,  as 
"A  very  practical  and  useful  work." 

We  do  not  forget  that  the  Ars  Sciendi,  1682,  8vo,  is  as 
cribed  to  Gale  by  Wood,  but  Calamy  expressly  denies  it 
to  be  his.  He  left  in  MS.  an  unfinished  lexicon  and  con 
cordance  (in  one)  of  the  Greek  Test,  proposals  for  publish 
ing  which  he  issued  in  1678.  Why  does  not  some  enter 
prising  bookseller  republish  the  Court  of  the  Gentiles  ?  It 
is  now  rarely  to  be  met  with  complete,  and  is  worth  not 
much  less  than  £3.  See  authorities  cited  above;  also 
Biog.  Brit,  and  Brackets  Hist  of  Philos. 

Gale,  Thomas,  b.  1507,  an  eminent  English  sur 
geon,  served  in  the  army,  and  subsequently  settled  in 
London,  where  he  acquired  great  reputation  for  profes 
sional  skill.  1.  Treatise  of  Gun-shot  Wounds,  Lon.,  1563, 
8vo.  2.  Enchiridion  of  Chirurgerie,  1563,  8vo.  3.  Trea 
tise  of  Gun-shot  Wounds,  Institution  of  a  Chirurgeon, 
Enchiridion  of  Surgery,  and  Antidotaire ;  all  four  printed 
together,  1563,  '86,  4to.  4.  Certain  Works  of  Galen,  in 
English,  1586,  4to.  5.  Whole  Works  of  John  Vigo,  Ac., 
1586,  4to. 

"  It  cannot  be  supposed  that  any  of  these  are  now  of  much  value, 
but  some  of  them  contain  curious  information  respecting  the 
state  of  the  profession  at  that  time."  See  Tanners  BibL ;  Aikin's 
Biog.  Mem.  of  Med. 

Gale,  Thomas,  D.D.,  1636-1702,  father  of  Roger 
and  Samuel  Gale,  one  of  the  most  eminent  of  English 
classical  scholars,  a  native  of  Yorkshire,  waa  educated  at 
Westminster  school  and  Trin.  Coll.,  Camb.,  of  which  he 
became  Fellow;  Regius  Prof,  of  Greek,  1666;  Head  Mas 
ter  of  8t  Paul's  School,  London,  1672 ;  Preb.  of  St  Paul's, 
1676 ;  Dean  of  York,  1697.  He  pub.  Opuscula  Mytho- 
logica,  Ethica,  et  Physica,  Gr.  et  Lat,  8vo;  Historic 
Poeticae  Scriptores  antiqui,8vo;  Rhetores  Selecti,  Svo; 
Jambhchus  de  Mysteriis;  Psalterium  juxta  Exemplar 
Alexandrinum ;  Herodoti  Historiarum;  Ciceronis  Opera; 
Hiatoriae  Anglicanae  Scriptores,  foL;  Hiatorise  Britan- 
nicae  Saxonic»  Anglo-Danicae  Scriptores  XV.,  accessit 
rerum  et  Verborum  Index  Locupletissimus,  foL ;  contains 
Gildas,  Eddius,  Nennius,  Asser,  Ralph  Higden,  Polychro- 
nicon,  Guil.  Malmsburiensis,  Jo.  Wallingford,  Fordunus, 
Alcuinis,  et  aliorum. 

There  were  pub.  after  his  death  from  his  MSS.  a  voL 
of  serms.  on  the  Holy  Days  of  the  Ch.  of  England,  1704, 
8vo,  and  Antonini  Itinerarium  Britanniae,  pub.  by  his  son, 
1709,  4~to.  This  is  a  good  edit  A  Discourse  of  Dr.  Gale's 


on  the  Original  of  Human  Literature,  with  Philology  and 
Philosophy,  will  be  found  in  Phil.  Trans.,  vol.  vi.  The 
portion  of  the  Rerum  Anglicarum  Scriptores  veteres,  edited 
by  him,  is  not  thought  to  be  equal  to  that  edited  by  Win. 
Fnlman :  see  the  name.  See  Biog.  Brit. ;  Knight's  Life 
of  Colet;  Nichols's  Lit.  Anec. 

"The  reason  why  I  troubled  you  with  the  question  to  Mr. Gale 
was,  to  know  if  there  were  such  things  preserved  as  Dean  Gale's 
collated  booths.  Ac.,  whi-h  I  was  sensible  did  not  come  down  witb 
his  MSS.  And  if  they  were,  secondly,  to  know  how  to  get  at  them 
for  there  is  one  or  two  that  I  should  be  glad  to  consult." — Dr 
Taylor  to  Dr.  Ducarel,  Nov.  23, 1750 :  Xichotfs  Lit.  Anec. 

Galfredns  Monumetensis.  Anglict,  GEOFFREY 
OF  MOXMOCTH,  q.  v. 

Galiffe,  James  A.  Italy  and  its  Inhabitants :  Ac 
count  of  a  Tour,  1816-17,  Lon.,  1820,  2  vols.  8vo. 

Galindo,  Mrs.    Lett  to  Mrs.  Siddons,  1809,  8vo. 

Galindns,  Fortunius.  Discourse  of  the  Reasons 
why  the  Jesuits  are  so  generally  hated,  Lon.,  1659,  8vo. 

Gall,  James.  1.  The  End  and  Essence  of  Sabbath- 
school  Teaching  and  Family  Religious  Instruction,  Lon., 
1829,  12mo. 

"Gall's  system  of  instruction  will  amply  repay  attention." — 
Bickersteth's  Chris.  Stu. 

2.  Gosp.  of  St.  John  for  the  Blind,  4to.  3.  Philos.  of 
Education,  12mo.  4-7.  Help  to  the  Acts ;  the  Gospels ; 
Life  of  Christ ;  St.  Luke's  GospeL 

Gall,  Richard,  1776-1801,  a  printer  of  Edinburgh, 
gained  considerable  reputation  as  a  poet.  His  best  known 
songs  are  My  only  Jo  and  Dearie  0,  the  Farewell  to  Ayr 
shire,  There's  waefu'  news  in  yon  town,  As  I  came  through 
Glendochart  Vale,  The  Braes  o*  Drumlie,  I  winna  gang 
back  to  my  Minny  again,  and  Peggy  wi'  the  gowden  hair. 
The  poem  of  Arthur's  Seat  has  also  been  highly  com 
mended.  A  vol.  of  his  Poems  and  Songs,  with  a  Memoir, 
was  pub.  after  his  death,  Edin.,  12mo. 

"  The  poem  entitled  Arthur's  Seat  displays,  in  many  passages, 
the  fervid  feeling  and  buoyant  fancy  of  a  true  poet ;  and  of  the 
songs,  it  is  far  higher  praise  than  any  criticism  of  ours  can  be* 
stow,  to  mention,  that  some  of  them  have  been  commonly  mis 
taken  for  genuine  effusions  of  Burns,  and  that  others  have  long 
ago  obtained  in  Scotland  that  extensive  and  settled  popularity 
which  forms  the  surest  test  of  the  author's  adherence  to  truth  and 
nature.  A  tender  simplicity  characterizes  all  his  lyrical  effusions." 
— Edin.  Mag.  and  Lit.  Mitcett. 

"Gall  must  henceforth  stand  on  the  list  next  to  Burns,  and  by 
the  side  of  Ramsay,  Fergusson,  Bruce,  and  Macneill.  It  is  in  his 
songs  and  short  effusions  that  Gall's  name  is  destined  to  live. 
There  is  nothing  better  or  sweeter  in  the  Scottish  language  than 
some  of  these :  and  whenever  Gall's  songs  are  set  to  appropriate 
airs,  it  is  easy,  without  the  spirit  of  prophecy,  to  foretell  their 
popularity.  My  only  Joe  and  Dearie  O,  and  the  Farewell  to  Ayr- 
*fttre,  are  known  to  every  lover  of  modern  Scottish  song." — Scotsman. 

"  I  remember  when  this  song  [My  only  Jo  and  Dearie  0]  was  ex 
ceedingly  popular;  its  sweetness  and  ease,  rather  than  its  origi 
nality  and  vigour,  might  be  the  cause  of  its  success.  The  third 
verse  contains  a  very  beautiful  picture  of  early  attachment — a 
sunny  bank,  and  some  sweet  soft  school-girl  will  appear  to  many 
a  fancy  when  these  lines  are  sung." — ALLAN  CUNNINGHAM. 

Gallagher,  Matthew,  printer,  Trinidad.  Letters 
and  Documents  rel.  to  the  Impris.  and  Discharge  of  the 
Author,  Trinidad,  1810,  12mo. 

Gallagher,  William  D.,  b.  in  Philadelphia  in  1808, 
removed  to  Cincinnati  in  1816,  and  in  his  seventeenth 
year  entered  the  printing-office  of  a  newspaper  of  that 
city.  There  his  literary  talents  soon  attracted  attention, 
although  the  young  author  preserved  his  incognito  for  a 
number  of  years;  and  in  1830  Mr.  Gallagher  formed  a 
connection  with  the  Backwoodsman,  a  political  journal 
pub.  at  Xenia,  Ohio.  In  1831  he  became  editor  of  The 
Cincinnati  Mirror;  in  1836  of  The  Western  Literary  Jour 
nal  and  Monthly  Review,  and  in  1837  of  The  Western 
Monthly  Magazine  and  Literary  Journal.  He  has  since 
been  engaged  in  the  management  of  several  periodicals. 
When  Mr.  Corwin  became  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  in 
1849,  he  appointed  Mr.  Gallagher  his  confidential  clerk, 
and  he  resided  in  Washington  until  1853,  when  he  removed 
to  Louisville,  Kentucky,  where  he  was  for  a  brief  period 
one  of  the  editors  of  the  Daily  Courier.  For  further  parti 
culars  respecting  this  laborious  son  of  letters  we  must 
refer  the  reader  to  the  source  for  which  we  are  indebted 
to  the  above  facts — Griswold's  Poets  and  Poetry  of  Ame 
rica. 

Mr.  Gallagher  is  the  author  of  many  poems,  some  of 
which  have  elicited  enthusiastic  commendation.  He  has 
pub.  three  small  vols.  of  his  juvenile  poetical  composi 
tions,  under  the  title  of  Errato,  1835-37,  and  a  vol.,  in 
1846,  of  the  productions  of  maturer  years.  Some  of  his 
pieces  will  be  found  in  Selections  from  the  Poetical  Litera 
ture  of  the  West,  Cincinnati,  1841. 

"  The  poems  of  Mr.  Gallagher  are  numerous,  various,  and  of  very 
unequal  merit.  Some  are  exquisitely  modulated,  and  in  every 
respect  finished  with  excellent  judgment,  while  others  are  in- 


GAL 


GAL 


harmonious,  inelegant  and  betray  unmistakeable  signs  of  caralessv 
ness.  His  most  unstudied  performances,  however,  are  apt  to  be 
forcible  and  picturesque,  fragrant  with  the  freshness  of  western 
woods  and  fields,  and  instinct  with  the  aspiring  and  determined 
1  ife  of  the  race  of  western  men.  The  poet  of  a  new  country  is  natu 
rally  of  the  party  of  progress :  his  noblest  theme  is  man,  and  his 
highest  law.  liberty.''— R.  W.  GRISWOLD,  ubi  supra.  And  see 
Southern  Literary  Messenger,  iv.  452. 

Gallatin,  Albeit,  1761-1849,  a  native  of  Geneva, 
emigrated  to  America  in  his  nineteenth  year,  and,  entering 
into  political  life,  became,  in  1790,  a  member  of  the  Penn 
sylvania  Legislature ;  in  1792,  a  member  of  the  national 
House  of  Representatives  :  in  1793,  U.  States  Senator;  in 
1801,  Secretary  of  the  U.  States  Treasury ;  in  1813,  com 
missioner  to  Ghent ;  subsequently,  minister  from  the  U. 
States  to  France,  the  Netherlands,  and  England,  succes 
sively.  He  had  great  natural  powers  and  enlarged  erudi 
tion,  and  devoted  much  attention  to  ethnology,  philology, 
and  political  economy.  He  pub.  an  Indian  Vocabulary — 
a  subject  in  which  he  took  a  lively  and  intelligent  inte 
rest  .-—Views  of  the  Public  Debt  in  1801 ;  Reports  and 
Letters  rel.  to  the  U.  States  Bank,  1810,  '11 ;  Considera 
tions  on  the  Currency  and  Banking  System  of  the  U. 
States,  1831;  The  R~ight  of  the  U.  S.  of  Amer.  to  the 
North-Eastern  Boundary  claimed  by  them,  1840,  '43  ; 
some  historical  and  other  papers.  He  died  at  Astoria, 
New  York,  in  1849.  Some  interesting  reminiscences  of 
Gallatin  will  be  found  in  Judge  Story's  Life  and  Letters. 

"  He  is  a  most  industrious  and  indefatigable  man,  and,  by  the 
consent  of  all  parties,  of  accomplished  genius  and  great  acquire 
ments.  .  .  .  Let  me  say  he  is*  truly  great  statesman.  I  rank  him 
side  by  side  with  Alexander  Hamilton.  .  .  .  Mr.  Gallatin  preserved 
a  purity  of  character  that  is  as  valuable  in  a  politician  as  it  is  rare. 
A  man  of  srreat  learning,  he  daily  adds  weight  to  his  counsels,  and 
glorv  to  his  name." — JCDGE  STORY,  ubi  supra. 

See  N.  Amer.  Rev.,  liL  424-452;  Democratic  Rev.,  with 
portrait,  xii.  641 ;  Banker's  Mag.,  Boston,  iv.  773 ;  an  in 
teresting  sketch  by  "  Sentinel,"  originally  pub.  in  the  N. 
York  Courier  and  Inquirer,  in  the  Living  Age,  Boston, 
xxiii.  324;  Reminiscences  of  Albert  Gallatin,  by  John 
Russell  Bartlett,  N.  York,  1849. 

Gallaudet,  Rev.  Thomas  H.,  LL.D.,  1787-1851, 
a  native  of  Philadelphia,  late  Principal  of  the  Connecticut 
Asylum,  U.  States,  for  the  Education  of  the  Deaf  and 
Dumb.  1.  XVL  Discourses,  Lon.,  1818,  Svo. 

"Admirable  specimens  ol  composition  for  the  pulpit;  equally 
remote  from  coldness  and  enthusiasm ;  animated,  interesting,  and 
judicious." — Lon.  Chris.  Observer. 

2.  Bible  Stories  for  the  Young,  1838,  18mo. 

"  A  series  of  Scripture  Stories  for  the  Young,  told  in  the  Authors 
own  winning  manner." — Sunday-School  Teachers  Jfag^  OcL  183S. 

3.  The  Child's  Book  of  the  Soul,  3d  ed.,  1850,  ISmo. 

Dr.  G.  also  pub.  The  Youth's  Book  of  Natural  Theo 
logy,  N.  York,  1852,  a  Family  and  School  Dictionary,  (in 
conjunction  with  Horace  Hooker.)  Ac.  For  an  account 
of  his  Life,  Character,  and  Public  Services,  see  the  Dis 
course  so  entitled,  by  H.  Barnard,  Hartford,  1852,  Svo, 
and  Barnard's  Tribute  to  Gallaudet,  N.  York,  1852.  Not 
only  as  an  author,  but  also  as  a  most  intelligent  instructor 
of  the  deaf  and  dumb,  Mr.  Gallaudet  was  a  man  of  eminent 
usefulness.  A  review  of  Mr.  G.'s  senns.  will  be  found  in 
the  Christian  Monthly  Spectator,  New  Haven,  i.  27.  See 
also  Life  by  Rev.  H.  Humphrey,  D.D.,  N.  York,  1857,  12mo. 
Reviewed  in  N.  Amer.  Rev.,  Oct  1858,  by  0.  Tiffany. 

Gallaway,  Wm.     Senns.,  1692,  '94,  '97. 

Galley,  George.    Live  Stock,  Lon.,  1786,  Svo. 

Galliard.  The  Hymn  of  Adam  and  Eve,  out  of  Mil 
ton,  set  to  music,  Lon.!  1728. 

Galliard,  Bradshaw.     Odes,  Lon.,  1774,  4to. 

Gallimore,  Francis.    Serm.,  1694,  4to. 

Gallison,  John,  1788-1820,  a  native  of  Marblehead, 
Massachusetts,  a  nephew  of  Chief  Justice  Sewall,  educated 
at  Cambridge  University,  practised  law  for  a  brief  period 
in  his  native  town,  and  subsequently  removed  to  Boston, 
where,  for  a  year  or  two,  he  edited  the  Weekly  Messenger. 
In  addition  to  his  excellent  Reports,  he  pub.  an  Address 
to  the  Peace  Society,  1820,  Ac.  Reports  of  Cases  in  Cir. 
Ct  U.  States,  1st  Cir.,  1812-15;  vol.  i.,  1815:  vol.  ii.,  1817. 
2d  ed.,  with  addit  Notes  and  References,  Boston,  1S45,  2 
vols.  Svo.  Of  the  judgments  of  Mr.  Justice  Story  during 
his  circuits  in  1812  and  1S13,  (see  vol.  i.,)  only  four  were 
reversed  by  the  Supreme  Court;  and  of  the  judgments  re 
corded  in  vol.  i.,  no  one  was  reversed.  The  leading  cases 
in  vol.  i.  are,  The  Rapid,  The  Grotius,  The  Julia,  The  Alli 
gator,  and  U.  S.  c.  Wonson,  all  involving  questions  in  Ad 
miralty  and  Prize  Law,  as  do  most  of  the  cases  in  this  vol. 
The  leading  cases  in  vol.  ii.  are,  Maissonnaire  r.  Keating, 
The  Invincible,  The  Jerusalem,  and  the  celebrated  case  of 
De  Lovio  p.  Boit 

"  I  should  omit  doing  justice  to  my  own  feelings,  as  well  as  to 
the  cause  of  truth,  if  I  were  not  to  select  the  decisions  in  Gallison's 


and  Mason's  Reports,  as  specimens  of  pre-eminent  merit  They 
may  fairly  be  placed  upon  a  level  with  the  best  productions  of  the 
English  Admiralty,  for  deep  and  accurate  learning,  as  well  as  far 
the  highest  ability  and  wisdom  in  decision.7'— 3  Kent,  20;  2:  527. 

Judge  Story  sent  these  volumes  (1st  ed.)  to  Sir  William 
Scott,  who  thus  acknowledged  their  receipt : 

"  I  have  received  with  great  pleasure  the  volumes  of  Reports, 
and  am  very  glad  to  add  my  testimony  to  the  acufeness  and  learn 
ing  which  are  everywhere  displayed  in  them.  It  is  highly  gratify 
ing  to  us  to  see  the  same  principles  to  which  we  think  we  owe  so 
much  in  England,  still  adhered  to  in  America,  and  built  upon  as 
occasion  may  require,  with  equal  zeal,  but  with  equal  caution  in 
aU  the  deductions."'— So-  Wlttiam  Scott  to  Judge  Story,  London,  July 
2, 1813.  The  Life  and  Letters  of  Joseph  Story,  L  307. 

From  the  same  interesting  work  we  extract  the  following 
anecdote : 

"  At  an  evening  club,  where  Sir  James  Mackintosh  was  present 
with  Lord  Stowell,  (then  Sir  William  Scott)  Sir  William  Grant 
came  in  with  a  book  in  his  pocket,  which  was  no  other  than  a  vo 
lume  of  the  Reports  of  the  excellent  and  lamented  Gallison,  and 
which  he  drew  out  rather  archly,  observing  to  Sir  William  Scott, 
'  This  Mr.  Story  appears  to  be  a  promising  pupil;'  adding,  'Yon 
must  not  expect  these  doctrines  of  yours  to  be  confined  to  one 
belligerent  power,  but  they  must  make  the  tour  of  all  the  belli 
gerents.'  This  was  done  by  Sir  William  Grant,  as  Sir  James  Mack 
intosh  said.  '  with  malice  prepense.' " 

To  Gallison's  Report  of  Judge  Story's  decisions  must  be 
added  those  of  WILLIAM  P.  MASOX,  (q.  r.,)  Boston,  1836, 
5  vols.  Svo,  and  those  of  CHARLES  SOOTER,  (g.  r.,)  1851, 
3  vols.  Svo. 

In  Judge  Story's  admirable  address  upon  the  Progress 
of  Jurisprudence,  delivered  before  the  Members  of  the 
Suffolk  Bar,  Sept  4,  1821,  will  be  found  an  eloquent  tri 
bute  to  the  virtues  of  Gallison,  who  had  died  in  the  pre 
ceding  year.  We  append  an  extract : 

"  I  will  not  dwell  upon  his  distinguished  talents  and  virtues, 

his  blameless  innocence  of  life,  his  elevated  piety,  his  unwearied 

diligence,  his  extensive  learning,  his  ardent  devotion  to  liter 

'  his  active  benevolence,  exhausting  itself  in  good  deeds,  and '  1 

1  ing  to  find  it  fame.'    You  knew" him  well,  and  your  sympathies 

i  have  mingled  with  the  tears  and  sorrows  that  embalm  his  nmnaiaj. 

But  I  may  propose  him  as  an  example,  polished,  if  not  perfect,  of 

that  excellence  which  the  studies  I  have  this  day  ventured  to  re- 

I  commend,  are  calculated  to  produce." 

See  also  The  Character  of  Mr.  Gallison,  by  W.  Phillips, 
!  in  the  N.  Amer.  Rev.,  xii.  424,  and  a  Memoir  of  Mr.  G.,  in 
the  Christian  Disciple,  Boston,  iii.  15. 

Galloway,  Lieut.-Col.  On  the  Law  and  Constitu 
tion  of  India,  Lon.,  Svo. 

Galloway,  George.  1.  The  Admirable  Criehton;  a 
Trag.,  1802,  Svo.  2.  The  Battle  of  Luncarty ;  a  Hist  Play, 
1806.  12mo. 

Galloway,  John  Cole. 
Serins.,  Lon.,  1785,  Svo. 

Galloway,  Joseph,  1730-1 803,  a  native  of  England, 
i  became  an  eminent  lawyer  in  Pennsylvania,  was  a  speaker 
j  of  the  House  of  Assembly,  and  subsequently  a  member  of 
j  the  first  Congress,  1774.  He  was  opposed  to  the  separa 
tion  of  the  colonies  from  Great  Britain,  joined  the  British 
Army,  and  in  1778  went  to  England;  deserting  an  estate, 
according  to  his  statement  before  the  House  of  Commons 
in  1779,  (pub.  Lon.,  1779,  Svo,)  worth  more  than  £40,000. 
He  pub.  several  tracts  respecting  the  war  and  its  conduct, 
and  some  other  works.  1.  Speech  in  answer  to  John  Dick 
inson,  Lon.  and  Phila.,  1764,  Svo.  2.  Candid  Examina 
tion,  N.  York,  1775,  Svo;  Lon.,  1780,  Svo.  3.  Letters  to  a 
Nobleman,  1779,  Svo.  4.  Reply  to  Sir  Wm.  Howe,  1780, 
Svo.  5.  Cool  Thoughts,  1780,  Svo.  6.  Hist  and  Polit  Re- 
flee.,  1780,  Svo.  7.  Letter  to  Lord  Howe,  1780.  S.  Com 
ment  upon  the  Revelation,  Ac.,  1802,  Svo.  9.  Prophet 
and  Anticipated  Hist  of  Rome,  1803,  Svo.  See  Franklin's 
Works ;  Lon.  Monthly  Rev. ;  Sabine's  Hist  of  the  Royal 
ists;  Curwen's  Jour.,  edited  by  Ward;  TrumbulTs  McFin- 
gal,  Canto  III. 

A  new  ed.  of  Galloway's  Exam.,  by  a  Com««  of  the  House 
of  Commons,  has  just  made  its  appearance,  Phila.,  1855, 
r.  Svo.  It  is  reprinted  by  the  Council  of  the  Seventy-six 
Society,  edited  by  Thomas  Balch,  Esq.,  a  lawyer  of  Phila., 
to  whom  the  public  is  also  indebted  for  Letters  and  Papers 
relating  chiefly  to  the  Provincial  Hist  of  Penna.  Pri 
vately  printed,  Phila.,  1S55, 12mo,  and  other  valuable  his 
torical  papers. 

Galloway,  Patrick.    See  GALOWAT. 
Galloway,  Robert.    Poems,  Glasg.,  1788,  12mo. 
Galloway,  Robert.    1.  Manual  of  Quantitative  Ana- 
lysii,  Lon.,  1S50,  p.  Svo, 

"  This  is  really  a  valuable  little  book.  We  have  not  for  a  long 
tune  met  with  an  introductory  Manual  whkh  so  completely  fulfils 
its  intention."— ion.  Athenteum. 

2.  The  First  Step  in  Chemistry,  1851,  p,  Svo. 

"  We  heartily  commend  this  unpretending  and  useful  work  to  the 

heads  of  scholastic  establishments,  and  to  others  who  are  anxious 

to  initiate  their  pupils  into  the  principles  of  a  most  fescinatins:  and 

j  most  useful  branch  of  human  knowledge."— Zo».  Jour,  of  Medici**. 


1.  Serm.,  1779,  Svo.    2. 17 


GAL 


GAM 


Galloway,  Win.  Brown,  Curate  of  Barnard  Castle. 
1.  Philos.  and  Relig.,  revised  ed.,  Lon.,  1842,  8vo.  2.  The 
Gate  of  Prophecy,  1846,  2  vols.  Svo.  3.  Vow  of  the  Gi- 
leadite;  a  Lyric  Narrative,  1846,  fp.  8vo. 

"  The  fine  flowing  style  in  which  it  is  written,  and  the  pure  and 
hallowed  feeling  which  seems  to  have  dictated  every  line,  are  quali 
ties  sufficient  to  ensure  for  this  Poem  a  lasting  reputation." 

4.  An  Apocalyptic  Chart,  1852.  5.  The  Messiah  Theo 
logically  and  Practically  Contemplated,  1854,  8vo. 

Gallup,  James,  M.D.  Sketches  of  Epidemic  Diseases 
in  the  State  of  Vermont  to  1815,  1816,  8vo. 

Gaily,  Henry,  D.D.,  1696-1769,  Lecturer  of  St.  Paul's, 
Covent-Garden,  1721  ;  Preb.  of  Gloucester,  1728.  1.  Two 
Serms.,  Lon.,  1723,  8vo.  2.  The  Moral  Characters  of  Theo- 
phrastus,  from  the  Greek,  1725,  8vo.  3.  Church  and  Col 
lege  Fines,  1731,  8vo.  In  answer  to  EVERARD  FLEETWOOD, 
j.  v.  4.  Serm.,  1739, 4to.  5.  Claudes.  Marriages,  1750,  '51, 
8vo.  6.  Dissert,  ags.  pronouncing  Greek  according  to  Ac 
cents,  1754,  '55,  8vo.  7.  Second  Dissert,  on  do.,  1762,  8vo. 

Galoway,  or  Galloway,  Patrick.  His  Catechisme, 
Lon.,  1588,  8vo. 

Galpine,  Calvin.     Serms.,  1721,  Svo;  1722,  4to. 

Galpine,  John.    Serms.,  1703,  Svo. 

Galpine,  John.  A  Synoptical  Compend  of  British 
Botany,  Salisb.,  1805,  12mo;  Lon.,  1806,  12mo:  Liverp., 

1819,  12mo.     New  ed.,  Lon.,  1854,  12mo. 

"  The  most  complete  book  of  the  kind  on  so  small  a  scale,  in  the 
English  language." — Lowndes's  Bibl.  Man. 

Gait,  John,  1779-1839,  a  native  of  Ayrshire,  educated 
at  Greenock,  proving  unfortunate  in  trade  in  London,  com 
menced  the  study  of  the  law,  which  he  soon  forsook  for 
letters.  He  acted  for  some  time  as  agent  to  a  company  for 
establishing  emigrants  in  Canada,  (see  his  novel  of  Lawrie 
Todd,)  but  quarrelled  with  the  Government,  and  was  sus 
pended  by  the  Canada  Company.  After  his  return  to  Eng 
land  he  supported  himself  by  the  labours  of  a  most  prolific 
pen. 

The  following  list  of  works,  many  of  them  in  two  and 
three  vols.  each,  exhibits  a  life  of  great  literary  industry. 
1.  Four  Tragedies,  viz. :  Maddalen,  Agamemnon,  Lady 
Macbeth,  Antonio  and  Clytemnestra.  Severely  criticized 
in  the  Lon.  Quar.  Rev.,  xi.  33-41.  2.  Voyages  and  Travels 
in  1809,  '10,  '11.  3.  Life  of  Wolsey,  1812.  Severely  cri 
ticized  in  the  Lon.  Quar.  Rev.,  viii.  163-172.  4.  Reflec.  on 
Polit.  and  Commercial  Subjects.  5.  Letters  from  the  Le 
vant,  1813.  6.  Life  and  Studies  of  Benj.  West,  1816,  and 
Pt,  2.  7.  The  Majolo,  1816.  8.  Pictures  from  Eng.,  Scotch, 
and  Irish  Hist.  9.  The  Wandering  Jew.  10.  Andrew  of 
Padua.  11.  The  Earthquake.  12.  The  Ayrshire  Legatees, 

1820.  13.  The  Annals  of  the  Parish,  1821.     Highly  com 
mended  by  Sir  Walter  Scott;  see  his  Life.     14.  Sir  An 
drew  Wylie.     15.  The  Entail.     16.  The  Steam-Boat.     17. 
The  Provost :  thought  by  Gait  to  be  his  best  novel.     18. 
Ringan   Gilhaize.       19.  The    Spaewife.       20.  Rothelan. 
21.  The  Last  of  the  Lairds.     22.  Lawrie  Todd.     23.  South- 
ennan.    24.  Guide  to  the  Canadas,  by  A.  Picken.    25.  The 
Omen,  1824.     26.  Eben  Erskine.     27.  Glenfell.     28.  Lives 
of  the  Players.     29.  The  Bachelor's  Wife.     30.  Rocking- 
Horse.     31.  Gathering  of  the  West.     32.  Poems.     33.  The 
Member.      34.  The  Radical.      35.  Stories  of  the  Study. 
36.  Apotheosis  of  Sir  Walter  Scott.       37.  New   British 
Theatre.    38.  Memoirs  of  George  the  Third.     39.  Life  of 
Lord  Byron,  1830.     40.  Bogle  Corbet,  1831.     41.  Stanley 
Buxton,  1832.     42.  The  Stolen  Child,  1833.    43.  Autobio 
graphy  of  John  Gait,  1833.     44.  Literary  Life  and  Mis 
cellanies,  1834.     Mr.  Gait  also  edited  an  edit,  of  Henry 
Mackenzie's  Works,  and  engaged  in  other  literary  labours. 

In  addition  to  the  authorities  cited  above,  see  Lon. 
Quar.  Rev.,  vii.  297,  xxvi.  364;  Ed.  Rev.,  xxiii.  40; 
Westm.  Rev.,  xii.  405,  xiii.  345,  xvi.  321,  xvii.  182;  Fra- 
ser's  Mag.,  i.  236,  ii.  555  ;  Lon.  Month.  Rev.,  cxxxii.  249; 
Lon.  Gent.  Mag.,  July,  1839,  92-94;  N.  Amer.  Rev.,  by 
Willard  Phillips,  xxxi.  380;  Life  of  the  Rev.  Sydney 
Smith,  vol.  ii. ;  Madden's  Life  of  the  Countess  of  Bless- 
ington ;  Mrs.  Thompson's  Recollec.  of  Lit.  Characters,  etc. 

"  There  is  a  thorough  quaintness  of  phrase  and  dialogue  in  Mr. 
Gait  s  hest  works,  which  places  him  apart  from  all  other  Scotch 
novelists;  much  knowledge  of  life,  variety  of  character,  liveliness 
and  humour,  are  displayed  in  these  novels,  and  render  them  justly 
popular.  This  humour  and  truth  were  recognised  as  admirable 
by  Sir  Walter  Scott.  The  public  will  not  soon  forget  his  Ayrshire 
Legatees,  his  Annals  of  the  Parish,  nor  the  Entail ;  which  last 
we  think  one  of  his  best  novels.  Mr.  Gait's  biographies,  and 
many  of  his  other  later  works,  manufactured  for  the  booksellers. 
are  of  a  very  different  character." — Lon.  Gent.  Mag.,  July,  1839, 

"  According  to  our  j  udgment,  he  has  never  written  better  than 
second-rate  books ;  though  we  have  ever  found,  in  what  we  consi 
dered  his  worst  pieces,  something  of  his  best  self,  and  something 
which  carried  us  through  the  whole,  at  the  same  time  leaving  in- 


struction  fresh  and  precise  upon  our  minds.  And  this  is  saying  a 
great  deal,  when  we  consider  the  catalogue  of  his  writings.  Indeed, 
his  mind  is  such,  that  it  cannot  give  out  any  thing  belonging  to 
it,  which  partakes  not  of  its  original  nature.  Strong,  and  what  is 
called  rough  good  sense  is  ever  there ;  familiar  but  most  expressive 
thoughts  find  similar  illustrations  most  readily  with  him,  which 
we  presume  could  not  have  been  improved  by  long  study.  ...  He 
is,  besides,  strictly  a  moral  as  well  as  remarkably  entertaining 
writer."— ion.  Month.  Rev.,  vol.  xxiv.,  N.  S.,  1833,  249-267. 

"  He  has  no  classic  predilections,  and  sets  up  no  favourite  au 
thor  as  a  model;  he  aims  at  no  studied  elegance  of  phrase,  cares 
nothing  for  formal  accuracy  of  costume,  seems  not  at  all  solicitous 
about  the  dignity  of  human  nature,  and  thinks  chivalry  a  joke. 
He  leaves  all  these  matters  to  take  care  of  themselves,  and  sets  to 
work  to  read  us  a  chapter  of  living  life,  like  one  sure  of  securing 
listeners." — ALLAN  CUNNINGHAM  :  Biog.  and  Grit.  Hist,  of  the 
Lit.  of  the  last  Fifty  Years. 

Gait,  Matthew.     Serms.,  1807,  Svo. 

Gallon.     Conformity  required  by  Law,  1705,  8vo. 

Galton,  S.  T.  Chart  of  Notes,  Bullion,  <fec.,  Lon., 
1813,  Svo. 

Galton,  Saml.  On  Canal  Levels,  in  Thorn.  Ann. 
Philos.,  1817. 

Gam,  David.    Adminis.  of  Wm.  Pitt,  Lon.,  1797,  Svo. 

Gamage,  Wm.  Linsi-Woolsie;  or,  two  Centuries 
of  Epigrammes,  Oxf.,  1613,  12mo. 

"  Another  title-page  bears  the  date  of  1621 ;  but  it  is  rather  un 
likely  that  such  trash  should  go  through  a  second  impression." — 
Bibl.  Brit. 

Surely  much  "  trash"  has  gone  through  many  "  impres 
sions." 

Gamage,  Wm.,  M.D.,  of  Boston,  Mass.,  d.  1818, 
aged  37.  He  pub.  several  articles  in  the  N.  E.  Jour,  of 
Med.,  and  some  account  of  the  fever  of  1817-18,  with  some 
remarks  on  typhus. 

Gambado,  Geoffrey.    See  BUNBURY,  HENRY. 

Gambier,  Sir  E.  J.  Parochial  Settlement,  2d  ed. 
by  J.  Greenwood,  Lon.,  1835, 12ino. 

Gambier,  Rev.  Jas.  Ed.  Introduc.  to  the  Study  of 
Moral  Evidences,  Lon.,  1806,  '08,  '10,  Svo. 

"  A  work  of  sound  interesting  argument." — BickersteWs  Chris. 
Stu. 

Gamble,  Rev.  H.  J.  1.  Scripture  Baptism,  Lon., 
1850,  12mo.  2.  Paul  the  Apostle,  1851, 12mo. 

"  The  hook  is  well  adapted  under  the  Divine  blessing  to  create 
and  foster  a  healthy  and  manly  piety." — Lon.  Christian  Times. 

Gamble,  John.  Songs  and  Dialogues  by  Tho. 
Stanley,  set  to  Musick,  Lon.,  1657,  fol. 

Gamble,  John.  1.  Communication  by  Signals,  Lon., 
1797,  4to.  2.  Dublin  and  the  N.  of  Ireland  in  1810,  '11, 
Svo;  do.  in  1812,  '13,  Svo. 

"  Always  agreeable  and  often  edifying."— ion.  Grit.  Rev.,  1813. 

"Of  a  very  ordinary  description — low  scenes  and  low  humour 
making  up  the  principal  part  of  the  narrative." — REV.  SYDNEY 
SMITH  :  Win.  Rev.,  1820. 

3.  Sarsfield ;  a  Tale,  1814,  3  vols.  12mo.  4.  Howard ;  a 
Nov.,  1815,  2  vols.  12mo. 

Gambeld,  W.     Welsh  Grammar,  Carm.,  1727,  Svo. 

Gambold,  John,  d.  1771,  a  bishop  among  the  Unitas 
Fratrum,  or  Moravian  Brethren,  was  a  native  of  South 
Wales,  and  educated  at  Christ  Church,  Oxford.  He  was 
for  some  time  a  clergyman  of  the  Church  of  England.  He 
pub.  an  ed.  of  the  Greek  Test.,  a  number  of  Discourses, 
poems,  hymns,  a  tragedy,  Ac.  He  was  professedly  the 
editor,  and  was  one  of  the  principal  translators  from  the 
High  Dutch,  of  Crantz's  History  of  Greenland,  1767,  2  vols. 
Svo;  with  continuation,  1820,  2  vols.  Svo. 

"  As  to  Greenland,  (making  mention  of  Torfams  hereafter,)  may 
I  not  rest  satisfied  with  the  exclusive  recommendation  of  the 
translation  (by  the  pious  and  learned  Gambold)  from  the  high 
Dutch  of  old  Crautz  in  1767,  2  vols.  Svo,  with  cuts— worth  about 
18s.  8d."—I>ibdinJs  Lib.  Comp. 

Works,  with  Life,  Bath,  1789,  8vo.  New  ed.,  with  Essay 
by  Thomas  Erskine,  Esq.,  Advocate,  Glasg.,  1822,  12mo. 

"It  is  impossible  to  read  Gambold's  works  without  being  con 
vinced  that  he  en  joyed  much  communion  with  God,  and  was  much 
conversant  with  heavenly  things,  and  that  hence  he  had  imbibed 
much  of  the  spirit,  and  caught  much  of  the  tone,  of  the  glorified 
church  above." 

"  The  specimens  you  have  presented  of  his  writings  give  me  a 
high  opinion  of  his  genius,  and  there  are  occasional  flashes  in  his 
poetry  of  great  brilliancy  and  power.  The  '  Mystery  of  Life'  con 
tains  some  exquisite  touches,  and  cannot  but  recall  to  every  man 
who  has  indulged  in  musings  beyond  this  sublunary  sceue  some 
of  those  thoughts  which  have  passed  before  him  in  an  unearthly 
form,  as  he  has  communed  with  his  own  soul." — Judge  Joseph 
Story  to  Rev.  John  Brazer,  Nov.  10, 1836.  Story's  Life  and  Letters, 
ii.  239.  See  Nichols's  Lit.  Anec. 

Gammell,  William,  b.  1812,  at  Medfield,  Mass.,  is 
a  son  of  Rev.  William  Gammell,  who  was  settled  at  New 
port,  R.  I.  The  subject  of  this  notice  graduated  at  Brown 
University,  Providence,  R.  I.,  in  1831,  was  appointed 
Professor  of  Rhetoric  in  that  University  in  1836,  and  in 
1850  was  transferred  to  the  chair  of  History  and  Poli 
tical  Economy,  which  he  still  occupies,  (1858.)  1.  Life  of 


GAM 


GAR 


Koger  Williams,  in  Sparks's  Amer.  Biog.,  2d  series,  vol.  iv., 
and  afterwards  in  a  separate  vol.  See  this  reviewed  in 
N.  Amer.  Rev.,  Ixi.  1-20.  2.  Life  of  Samuel  Ward,  Go 
vernor  of  Rhode  Island,  in  Sparks's  Amer.  Biog.,  2d  se 
ries,  vol.  iv.  3.  Hist,  of  the  Amer.  Baptist  Missions, 
Boston,  12mo. 

Extract  from  the  Certificate  of  Rev.  Drs.  Cone,  Sharp, 
and  Chase,  Committee  appointed  by  the  Missionary  Union 
to  examine  the  Work : 

"The  undersigned  having  been  requested  by  the  Executive 
Committee  of  the  Missionary  Union  to  read,  in  manuscript,  Prof. 
Gammell's  History  of  American  Baptist  Missions,  are  happy  to 
state  that,  in  our  opinion,  the  work  is  well  adapted  to  accomplish 
the  important  purposes  for  which  it  was  written.  Such  a  history 
we  think  to  be  much  needed,  and  worthy  of  being  read  by  all.  It 
exhibits  gratifying  evidence  of  research,  fidelity  and  skill.  It  sets 
before  the  reader,  in  a  lucid  manner,  facts  that  should  never  be 
forgotten.  Some  of  them  in  power  to  awaken  attention  and  touch 
the  heart,  could  scarcely  be  surpassed  by  fiction." 

And  see  a  review  of  this  work  in  N.  Amer.  Rev.,  Ixx. 
57-78.  Mr.  Gainmell  has  also  pub.  several  discourses, 
&c.,  and  contributed  many  articles  to  Reviews,  especially 
to  the  Christian  Review,  Boston,  of  which  he  was  for  three 
or  four  years  associate  editor. 

Games,  John.     Gardening,  1724,  4to. 

Gammon,  John.     Discourse,  1738, 12mo. 

Gamon,  Hannibal.     Serm.,  Lon.,  1629,  4to. 

Gander,Gregory,Knt.  Poet.Tales,Bath,1779,sm.4to. 

Gander,  Joseph.  1.  Fishery,  Lon.,  1699,  8vo.  2.  R. 
Navy,  1703,  4to.  3.  Q.  Anne's  Sovereignty  of  the  Sea  as 
serted,  1703,  4to. 

Gandolphy,  Peter,  1760  P-1821,  a  R.  Cath.  priest. 
1.  The  Ancient  Faith,  Lon.,  1812,  8vo.  2.  Liturgy,  1812, 
8vo.  3,  4.  Letters  to  H.  Marsh,  D.D.,  1812,  '13,  8vo.  5. 
Serms.,  1813,  8vo.  6.  Serin.,  1813,  4to.  The  works  of  this 
writer  are  highly  esteemed  by  many  members  of  his 
church.  . 

Gandon,  James,  1760-1824,  an  architect,  edited  the 
Vitruvius  Britannicus,  3  vols.  fol.,  <fcc.  See  his  Life,  with 
notices  of  contemp.  artists,  Lon.,  1847,  8vo. 

Gandy,  Henry.     Govt.  of  England,  Lon.,  1705,  8vo. 

Gandy,  Henry.  Theolog.  treatises,  Lon.,  1709-12. 

Gandy,  Joseph.  1.  Designs  for  Cottages,  <fcc.,  Lon., 
1805,  4to.  2.  Rural  Architect,  1806,  4to. 

Gane,  John.     Serm.,  1728,  8vo. 

Ganly,  T.  J.  Trans,  of  M.  Girard's  Treatise  on  the 
Teeth  of  the  Horse,  Lon. 

"The  above  useful  treatise  is  calculated  to  be  of  considerable 
service  in  the  present  state  of  our  knowledge.  We  recommend  the 
work  to  the  Amateur,  the  Practitioner,  and  the  Veterinary  Stu 
dent." — Lon.  Lancet. 

Gannett,  Rev.  Caleb,  1745-1818.  Observ.  on  an 
Eclipse ;  Aurora  Borealis ;  Trans.  Amer. Acad., vols.  i.  and  ii. 

Gano,  Rev.  John,  d.  1804,  aged  77.  Mem.  of  his 
Life,  1806,  12mo. 

Gapper,  E.  P.     Con.  to  Memoirs  Med.,  1805. 

Gar.,  Bar.     See  GARTER,  BARNARD. 

Garbett,  James,  Archdeacon  of  Chichester,  Prof, 
of  Poetry,  Oxford.  1.  Christ  as  Prophet,  Priest  and  King  ; 
8  Lects.  at  Bainpton  Lect.,  1842,  Lon.,  1842,  2  vols.  8vo. 

"  An  able,  learned,  and  valuable  publication,  the  fruits  of  many 
years'  study  and  reflection." — Lon.  Chris.  Observ. 

2.  Parochial  Serms.,  1843,  '44,  2  vols.  8vo.  3.  Review 
of  Dr.  Pusey's  serin.,  and  the  doctrine  of  the  Eucharist, 
1843,  8vo.  4.  De  Re  Poetica  Prselectiones  Academics, 

1846.  5.  De  Re  Critica  Prselectiones  Academics,  ,1847. 
6.  Christ  on  Earth,  in  Heaven,  and  on  the  Judgment-Seat, 

1847,  2  vols.  12mo. 

"  No  one  can  read  these  volumes  without  great  delight  and  pro 
fit."— ion.  Chris.  Observ. 

7.  The  Beatitudes  of  the  Mount,  in  17  Serms.,  1853,  p.  8vo. 

"As  a  poet,  a  scholar,  a  theologian,  and  a  Christian,  Archdeacon 
Garbett  is  more  than  usually  qualified  for  such  a  task  as  that 
which  he  has  here  imposed  on  himself.  His  rich  and  flowing  style 
is  well  adapted  to  the  grandeur  and  beauty  of  his  subject,  and  we 
frequently  meet  with  passages  of  great  and  philosophical  depth,  as 
well  as  great  oratorical  powers." — Ch.  of  Eng.  Quar.  Rev. 

Prof.  Garbett  has  also  pub.  a  number  of  occasional 
serms.,  letters,  <fec.,  1843-53. 

Garbutt,  Richard.  Theolog.  treatises,  1669,  '75,  '99. 

Garde,  Richard.  1.  Law  of  Evidence,  Lon.,  1830, 
12mo.  2.  Rules  of  Pleading,  2d  ed.,  1841,  8vo. 

Garden,  Alex.     Scottish  Kings,  Edin.,  1709,  4to. 

Garden,  Alex.,  1685-1756,  a  clergyman  of  the  Epis 
copal  Church,  resided  many  years  in  Charleston,  S.  C. 
1.  Six  Lett,  to  Whitefield,  1740.  2.  Justification.  3.  Two 
Serms.,  1742. 

Garden,  Alex.,  M.D.,  1730-1791,  a  native  of  Edin 
burgh,  resided  in  Charleston,  S.  C.,  1750-83.  1.  Med. 
properties  of  the  Virginia  Pink  Root,  1764,  '72.  2.  Con. 
to  Ess.  Phys.  and  Lit.,  1771.  3.  To  Phil.  Trans.,  1775. 


See  Ramsay's  Biog.  Sketches,  in  his  Hist,  of  S.  Carolina, 
vol.  ii. 

Garden,  Charles,  D.D.  An  Improved  Version  at 
tempted  of  the  Book  of  Job,  Lon.,  1796,  8vo. 

"  It  is  not,  I  have  reason  to  think,  a  book  of  any  importance."— 
Orme's  Bibl.  Bib. 

"  A  book  of  great  pretensions,  but  indifferent  execution.  See  an 
analysis  of  it  in  the  British  Critic,  0.  S.,  vol.  ix.,  pp.  168-175."— 
Howe's  Bibl.  Bib. 

Garden,  Francis,  Lord  Gardenstone,  1721-1793,  a 
Scottish  Judge.  1.  Travelling  Memoranda,  Lon.,  1792-95, 
3  vols.  12mo.  2.  Miscellanies  in  Prose  and  Verse,  Edin., 
1791,  12mo.  3.  Lett,  to  the  Inhabitants  of  Laurencekirk. 

"  Containing  much  salutary  advice."— Bibl.  Brit. 

See  Sinclair's  Statis.  Reports  j  Life  prefixed  to  the  last 
vol.  of  his  Memoranda;  Encyc.  Brit. 

Garden,  Francis.  1.  Vindic.  of  the  Scot.  Episcopate, 
Edin.,  1847,  8vo.  2.  Discourses  on  Heavenly  Knowledge 
and  Heavenly  Love,  1848,  8vo.  3.  Lectures  on  the  Beati 
tudes,  1853,  12mo.  4.  Four  Serms.  on  the  Present  Crisis, 
1854,  12mo. 

Garden,  George,  M.D.  Con.  to  Phil.  Trans,  on  nat. 
philos.,  <fcc.,  1677-96. 

Garden,  James,  D.D.,  Prof,  of  Theol.,  King's  Coll., 
Aberd.  Circular  Monuments  in  Scotl. ;  in  Archaeol.,  1776. 

Garden,  James.  Hist,  of  Henry  III.,  last  of  the 
House  of  Valois,  K.  of  France,  Lon.,  1783,  8vo. 

Gardener,  Thomas.    Art  of  Embalming,  4to. 

Gardenor,  Win.  1.  Articled  Clerk's  Assist,  Lon., 
1839,  12mo.  2.  Direc.  for  Drawing  Abstracts  of  Title,  2d 
ed.,  1847,  12mo. 

Gardenstone,  Lord.    See  GARDEN,  FRANCIS. 

Gardiner,  Capt.  A.  F.,  "the  Patagonian  martyr." 
1.  Missionary  Journey  to  the  Zoolu  Country  in  1835,  Lon., 
1836,  8vo.  2.  Visit  to  Indians  on  the  Frontiers  of  Chili, 
1841,  p.  8vo.  3.  A  Voice  from  South  America,  1847, 12mo. 

Gardiner,  Edmund.  Trial  of  Tobacco;  expressing 
its  uses  in  Physic,  Lon.,  1610,  4to. 

Gardiner,  J.  Excur.  from  London  to  Dover,  with 
acct.  of  Manufactures,  <fec.,  Lon.,  1806,  2  vols.  12mo. 

Gardiner,  James,  Bishop  of  Lincoln.  1.  Serm., 
Lon.,  1695, 4to.  2.  Advice,  1697, 4to.  3.  Serm.,  1701, 4to. 

Gardiner,  James.     Serms.,  1696-1713. 

Gardiner,  James,  Sub-Dean  of  Line.  1.  Serm.,  Lon., 
1713, 8vo.  2.  Expos,  of  the  Serm.  on  the  Mount,  1720.  8vo. 

Gardiner,  John.     Circ.  of  the  Blood,  1700,  '02,  4to. 

Gardiner,  John.     Serm.,  1752,  4to. 

Gardiner,  John,  M.D.  1.  Animal  (Economy,  Edin., 
1784,  8vo.  2.  Gout,  Ac.,  1793,  8vo.  3.  Essays,  1803,  '04, 
2  vols.  8vo.  4.  Con.  to  Ess.  Phys.  and  Lit,  1771. 

Gardiner,  John,  D.D.,  Rector  of  Brailsford,  and  Vi 
car  of  Shirley,  Derbyshire,  pub.  a  number  of  occasional 
serms.,  1793-1811,  and  a  vol.  of  serms.  preached  at  Bath, 
1802,  8vo. 

"  A  volume  by  Dr.  Gardiner,  the  eloquent  preacher  of  Bath,  dis 
plays  an  union  of  Argument  and  Eloquence  not  often  met  with 
in  English  Sermons." — CLAPHAM. 

"  We  perceive  that  he  is  an  admirer  and  imitator  of  the  French 
Divines:  his  work,  therefore,  partakes  of  some  of  their  imperfec 
tions,  but  has  also  many  of  their  excellencies." — Lon.  Chris.  Observ. 

Gardiner,  John  Smallman.  The  Art  and  Pleasure 
of  Hare  Hunting,  Lon.,  1750,  8vo.  An  extended  ed.  of 
this  pamphlet  was  pub.  by  Wm.  Blake,  1781,  '88,  8vo. 

Gardiner,  John  Sylvester  John,  D.D.,  1765-1830, 
an  Episcopal  minister,  Rector  of  Trinity  Church,  Boston, 
Mass.,  was  a  native  of  South  Wales.  He  died  at  Harrow- 
gate,  England,  where  he  was  residing  on  account  of  his 
health.  He  pub.  a  number  of  serms.  and  theolog.  treatises, 
1802-13.  See  Duyckincks'  Cyc.  of  Amer.  Lit.  and  autho 
rities  there  cited. 

Gardiner,  Ralph.  England's  Grievance  discovered 
in  rel.  to  the  Coal  Trade,  Lon.,  1655,  4to. 

Gardiner,  Richard,  1591-1670,  Canon  of  Christ  Ch., 
1629 ;  Chaplain  to  Charles  I.,  1630.  1.  Occas.  Serms.,  1622- 
75.  2.  Specimen  Oratorium,  1653,  '57,  '62,  '68,  '75,  8vo. 
3.  16  Serms.,  1659,  8vo. 

"  A  quaint  preacher  and  orator."— Athen.  Oxon. 

Gardiner,  Richard.    Elegy,  <fcc.,  Lon.,  1754,  fol. 

Gardiner,  Capt.  Richard.  1.  Exped.  to  the  W. 
Indies,  1759,  Birm.,  1762,  4to.  2.  Siege  of  Quebec,  Lon., 
1761,  4to.  3.  Lett  to  Sir  Harbord,  1778,  8vo. 

Gardiner,  or  Gardner,  Richard.  Answer  to  a  Nar 
ration  by  Jas.  Poole,  1805,  8vo. 

Gardiner,  Samuel,  D.D.  Theolog.  treatises,  1597- 
1611. 

Gardiner,  Samuel.    Theolog.  treatises,  1660-81. 

Gardiner,  Samuel.    Visit.  Serm.,  1672,  4to. 

Gardiner,  Samuel.  Exam,  of  Pius's  Creed,  Lon., 
1689,  fol.  In  Gibson's  Preservative,  xiv.  242. 


GAR 


GAR 


Gardiner,  Stephen,  1483-1555,  a  native  of  Bury 
St.  Edmund's,  educated  at  Trinity  Hall,  Camb.,  became 
Secretary  to  Cardinal  Wolsey.  In  1527,  in  company  with 
Edward  Fox,  he  visited  Rome,  and  made  an  ineffectual 
attempt  to  persuade  the  pope  to  consent  to  the  divorce  of 
Henry  VIII.  from  Queen  Catherine.  He  however  aided 
his  royal  master  in  the  prosecution  of  his  wicked  design, 
and  was  made  Secretary  of  State,  and  in  1531  Bishop  of 
Winchester.  Being  opposed  to  the  Reformation,  he  was 
imprisoned  under  Edward  VI.,  but  restored  to  his  bishopric 
upon  the  accession  of  Queen  Mary,  and  in  1553  made  Lord 
Chancellor  and  Prime  Minister.  He  used  his  power  for 
the  purposes  of  persecution,  and  the  Protestants  found  in  j 
him  a  most  determined  foe.  He  was  a  man  of  great  learn-  [ 
ing,  judgment,  and  tact,  and  deeply  versed  in  the  know-  ! 
ledge  of  human  nature.  1.  De  vera  Obedientia,Lon.,  1534, 
'35,  4to.  In  English,  by  M.  Wood,  Roan,  1553,  12mo. 
With  Bonner's  Pref.,  Hamb.,  1536,  8vo.  2.  A  Necessary 
Doctrine  of  a  Christian  Man,  1543.  3.  Sacrament  of  the 
Aulter,  1551,  8vo.  He  also  pub.  some  tracts  rel.  to  Bucer, 
Ac.,  1544-54.  He  wrote  a  number  of  letters  to  Smith  and 
Cheke,  respecting  the  proper  pronunciation  of  the  Greek 
tongue.  See  an  account  of  this  controversy  in  Baker's 
Reflections  on  Learning. 

"  Roger  Ascham,  with  a  courtly  address,  declares,  that  though 
the  knights  shew  themselves  better  critics,  yet  Gardiner's  letters 
manifest  a  superior  genius,  and  were  only  liable  to  censure,  from 
his  entering  further  into  a  dispute  of  this  kind,  than  was  neces 
sary  for  a  person  of  his  dignity." 

Godwin  and  Parker  say  that  he  died  repeating  these 
words :  "  Erravi  cum  Petro,  et  non  flevi  cum  Petro." 

"  He  was  to  be  traced  like  the  fox;  and,  like  the  Hebrew,  was  to 
be  read  backwards."— Lloyd's  Slate  Worthies. 

See  Biog.  Brit. ;  Strype's  Cranmer,  and  also  his  Annals 
and  Memorials;  Burnet;  Fox;  Collier;  Gilpin;  Heylin; 
Dodd. 

Gardiner,  W.    See  GIBBON,  EDWARD. 

Gardiner,  Wm.     Expos,  of  Two  Prophecies,  8vo. 

Gardiner,  Wm.     Logarithms,  Lon.,  1752,  4to. 

Gardiner,  Wm.     The  Sultana,  in  5  Acts,  1806,  '09. 

Gardiner,  Wm.,  is  favourably  known  as  the  author 
of  Music  of  Nature,  Music  and  Friends,  Sights  in  Italy,  Ac. 

Gardner,  Augustus  K.,  M.D.,  a  physician  of  New 
York,  a  son  of  Samuel  Jackson  Gardner,  (see  post,)  is  the 
author  of  Old  Wine  in  New  Bottles ;  or,  Spare  Hours  of  a 
Student  in  Paris,  N.  Y.,  1848,  12mo.  He  has  pub.  a  num 
ber  of  med.  tracts  and  essays. 

Gardner,  Charles  K.,  U.  S.  Army.  A  Dictionary  of 
all  officers  who  have  been  commissioned,  or  have  been  ap 
pointed  and  served  in  the  Army  of  the  United  States,  1789- 
1853,  with  other  matter,  N.  York,  1853,  12mo,  pp.  587. 
This  useful  work  is  the  result  of  the  labour  of  four  years. 

Gardner,  D.  Pereira.  Medical  Chemistry,  Lon., 
1848,  p.  8vo;  Phila.,  1848,  Ac.,  12mo.  Other  works. 

Gardner,  Edward,  M.D.  Reflections  rel.  to  Pop., 
Provisions,  Ac.,  Lon.,  1800,  8vo.  2.  Inoculation,  1801,  8vo. 

Gardner,  George,  M.D.  Travels  in  the  Interior  of 
Brazil,  1836-41,  Lon.,  1846,  8vo;  2d  ed.,  1847. 

into  the  interior  as  far  to  the  west  as  the  tributaries  of  the  Amazon, 
and  from  near  the  equator  to  the  23d  degree  of  south  latitude. 
Some  of  the  regions  which  he  visited  have  seldom  been  trod  by 
Europeans — never  by  Englishmen." — Lon.  Athenceum. 

Gardner,  J.  Student's  Guide  to  the  Inner  Temple, 
2d  ed.;  Lon.,  1823,  12mo. 

Gardner,  John.     Con.  to  Med.  Com.,  1777. 

Gardner,  John,  M.D.  Familiar  Letters  on  Chemis 
try,  by  Justus  Liebig,  M.D.,  edited  by  J.  Gv  1st  and  2d 
series,  Lon.,  1841-45,  2  vols.  fp.  8vo. 

"That  the  public  will  discover  its  merits,  and  that  it  will  find  its 
way  into  the  drawing-room  as  well  as  the  library,  and  be  equally  j 
prized  by  the  advanced  man  of  science  and  the  student,  we  ven-  j 
ture  to  say  is  certain ;  and  it  must  increase  the  respect  entertained  ' 
for  chemistry  wherever  it  is  read."— ion.  Chemical  Gazette. 

Gardner,  L.  P.    1.  Serm.    2.  Education,  1803, 12mo. 

Gardner,  Richard.     See  GARDINER. 

Gardner,  Samuel  Jackson,  b.  at  Brookline,  Mass., 
1788,  a  contributor  and  for  some  time  editor  of  the  Newark 
Daily  Advertiser,  has  written  many  essays  for  periodicals, 
under  the  signatures  of  Decius  and  other  titles.  His  writ 
ings  have  never  been  collected.  See  Duyckincks'  Cyc.  of 
Amer.  Lit. 

Gardner,  Thomas.  1.  Roads  in  Eng.  and  Wales, 
Lon.,  1719,  4to.  2.  Hist.  Acct  of  Dunwich,  Blithbureh, 
and  Southwold,  1754,  4to. 

Gardner,  or  Gardiner,  W.    Poems,  Ac.,  1813-15. 

Gardner,  Wm.     Serms.,  1726,  '45. 

Gardnor,  John.  1.  Serm.,  Lon.,  1799, 4to.  2.  J.  G. 
and  R.  G.,  Jr.,  Views  near  the  Rhine  at  Aix-la-Chapelle, 
Ac.,  1788,  '92,  4to. 


Gardyner,  George.  Description  of  America  and  the 
people,  Lon.,  1651,  12mo. 

Garencieres,  Theophilus.  General  Instructions; 
Divine,  Moral,  Historical,  Ac.,  York,  1728,  8vo.  We  pre 
sume  this  author  to  have  been:  a  son  of  Theophilus  De 
Garencieres,  a  native  of  Paris,  a  physician,  first  at  Caen 
and  afterwards  in  London,  and  the  author  of  some  medical 
and  other  works.  See  Bibl.  Brit. ;  Wood's  Fasti :  Rees's  Cyc. 

Garencieres, Theophilus  De.  See  preceding  article. 

Garey,  Samuel.  1.  Serin.,  Lon.,  1615,  4to.  2.  Little 
Calendar;  or,  Triple  Diary,  1618,  4to. 

Garfield,  J.  Trans,  of  the  Dialogues  on  Polygamy 
by  Bernardin  Ochinus. 

Garioch,  George.  1.  Serms.,  Doct.  and  Prac.,  Edin., 
8vo.  2.  Association;  or,  the  Progress  of  Feeling;  a  Poem 
in  four  books,  1839,  12mo. 

"  The  author  has  evidently  cultivated  the  spirit  of  genuine  poetry, 
and  with  it  that  of  philosophy  and  true  religion." — Lon.  .Evangel. 
Mag. 

Garland,  Edward.  Answer  to  Richard  Coppin's 
book,  called  A  Blow  at  the  Serpent,  Lon.,  1657,  4to. 

Garland,  H.  A.,  d.  1850.  1.  Life  of  Thomas  Jefferson. 
2.  Life  of  John  Randolph  of  Roanoke,  1850,  2  vols.  12mo. 
"Remarkable  volumes  in  interest  and  attraction." — Hunt's 
Merch.  Mag. 

Garland,  John,  or  Joannes  de  Garlandia,  who 

flourished  about  the  llth  century,  is  said  to  have  been  a 
native  of  Garlande  en  Brie,  Normandy,  but  Bale,  Pits, 
Tanner,  and  Prince,  think  that  he  was  born  in  England. 

1.  A  Poem  on  the  Contempt  of  the  World,  Lyon,  1489,  4to. 

2.  Synonyma,  Paris,  1490, 4to.     3.  Multorum  Vocabulorum 
JEquirocorum,  Lon.,  1492,  1500,  '14,  4to.     4.  Floretus;  or, 
Faith,  Ac.  5.  Facetus;  a  Poem,  Cologne,  1520,  4to.  6.  Diet. 
Artis  Achymiae,  Basle,  1571,  8vo. 

Garlich,  Thomas.     Medical  treatises,  1719,  '41. 

Garlick,  Theodatus,  M.D.,  b.  1808,  in  Middlebury, 
Conn.  Treatise  on  the  Artificial  Propagation  of  Certain 
Kinds  of  Fish,  N.  York,  1857,  8vo. 

Garmston,  John.     Serms.,  1712-27. 

Garmston,  Shadrach.     Serms.,  1716-24. 

Garner,  Rev.  John,  M.D.  Serms.,  med.  treatises, 
Ac.,  1760-65. 

Garner,  Robert.     Theolog.  treatises,  1645-1701. 

Garneau,  Francis  Xavier,  b.  1809,  in  Quebec. 
1.  Histoire  du  Canada,  depuis  sa  decouverte  jusqu'a  nos 
jours,  Quebec,  3  vols.,  2d  ed.,  1852.  2.  Voyage  en  An- 
gleterre  et  en  France  dans  les  annees  1831,  '32,  '33,  Ac. 

Garner,  Robert.  Nat.  Hist.,  Antiq.,  Manufac.,  Ac. 
of  the  County  of  Stafford,  Lon.,  1844,  8vo. 

"This  handsome  volume  is  exactly  such  a  book  as  a  county 
natural  history  should  be.  Staffordshire  may  now  boast  of  having 
the  best  account  of  its  natural  features  and  productions  of  any 
county  in  England."— Lon.  Athenceum,  March  20, 1844. 

Garnet,  Henry,  1555-1606,  superior  of  the  Jesuits 
in  England,  was  proved  to  be  privy  to  the  Gunpowder 
Plot,  and  executed  for  high  treason.  1.  Canisius's  Cate 
chism,  trans,  from  the  Latin,  Lon.,  1590,  8vo;  St.  Omer's, 
1622.  2.  Treat,  of  Christian  Regeneration  or  Birth,  Lon., 
1616,  8vo.  See  a  Relation  of  the  Proceedings  against  him 
and  his  Confederates,  1606,  4to. 

Garnett,  J.  Total  Eclipse  of  the  Sun,  June  16, 1806, 
Ac.,  in  Nicholson's  Jour.,  1808. 

Garnett,  John,  D.D.,  d.  1782,  aged  75;  Bishop  of 
Ferns,  1752;  trans,  to  Clogher,  1758.  He  pub.  serms., 
Ac.,  1740-56,  and  a  Dissert,  on  the  Book  of  Job,  1749, 
'54,  4to. 

"  Dr.  Garnett  contends  that  the  book  of  Job  is  an  allegorical 
drama,  designed  to  represent  the  fall  and  restoration  of  a  captive 
Jew.  and  with  a  view  to  recommend  the  virtue  of  patience.  The 
author  he  supposes  to  have  been  Ezekiel,  and  the  period  of  its 
production  subsequent  to  the  Babylonish  captivity.  His  hypo 
thesis  is  nearly  allied  to  that  of  Warburton,  but  differently  sup 
ported."—  Orme's  Bibl.  Bib. 

Garnett,  John,  Preb.  of  Winchester.  Serms.,  1802, 
'03,  4to. 

Garnett,  Thomas,  M.D.,  1766-1802,  pub.  several 
profess,  works,  and  Observ.  on  a  Tour  through  the  High 
lands  and  Part  of  the  Western  Islands  of  Scotland,  Lon., 
1800,  2  vols.  4to. 

"  Agriculture,  manufactures,  commerce,  antiquities,  botany,  and 
manners,  are  treated  of,  though  not  in  a  masterly  manner." — 
Stevenson's  Voy.  and  Trav. 

After  his  death  was  pub.  his  Zoonomia,  1804,  4to.  He 
contributed  to  Med.  Com.,  1788  ;  Trans.  Irish  Acad.,  1794; 
Memoirs  Med.,  1795. 

Garnham,  Robert  E.,  1753-1802,  a  native  of  Bury 
St.  Edmund's,  curate  of  Newton  and  Great  Welnetham, 
pub.  a  number  of  theolog.  letters,  reviews,  Ac.,  1789-94. 
See  Lon.  Gent.  Mag.,  1802. 


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Gamier,  Thomas,  Rector  of  Trin.  Ch.,  Marylebone. 
Domestic  Duties  :  Serms.,  Lon.,  1851,  12mo. 

Garnons,  John,  d.  about  1792.  Serms.,  Lon.,  1793, 
2  vols.  8vo. 

Garrard,  Edmund.  Intermarriages  between  the 
Koyal  Lines  of  Eng.  and  Spaine,  &c.,  1624,  4to. 

Garrard,  Eliz.    Miscell.  Prose  and  Verse,  1800. 

Garrard,  George,  Descrip.  of  Oxen  in  the  Brit. 
Isles,  Lon.,  1802,  ob.  fol.,  with  28  engravings. 

Garrard,  Will.  The  Arte  of  Warre,  corrected  and 
finished  by  Captaine  Hitchcock,  1591,  4to. 

Garrard,  Wm.  Trigonom.  Tables,  Lon.,  1789,  8vo. 
2.  Lunar  Observ.,  1799,  4to.  3.  Seamen's  Preceptor, 
1802,  8vo. 

Garratt,  Samuel,  Minister  of  Trin.  Ch.,  St.-Giles-in- 
the-Fields.  1.  Scripture  Symbolism,  Lon.,  1848,  fp.  8vo. 
2.  Dawn  of  Life,  2d  ed.,  1849,  12mo.  3.  Our  Father,  1854, 
12mo. 

Garratt,  W.  A.     Proceed,  in  Chancery,  Lon.,  1837. 

Garrete,  Walter.     Theolog.  treatises,  1680-1703. 

Garrick,  David,  1716-1779,  the  grandson  of  a 
Frenchman,  and  son  of  Peter  Garrick,  a  captain  in  the 
Royal  Army,  was  a  native  of  Hereford.  In  1735  he  was 
placed  at  a  school  opened  in  Lichfield  by  Samuel  John 
son  ;  and  when  his  master  determined  to  try  his  fortune  in 
London,  the  pupil  thought  that  he  could  do  no  better  than 
bear  him  company.  The  great  eminence  in  their  respec 
tive  departments  to  which  the  adventurers  attained  is  well 
known  to  our  readers.  After  a  short  experience  as  a  wine- 
merchant,  Garrick  indulged  a  darling  passion  which  had 
long  possessed  him,  and  made  his  appearance  on  the  stage, 
where  his  success  was  unbounded.  For  a  period  of  forty 
years  he  trod  the  boards  without  a  rival,  and  at  his  death 
left  an  estate  valued  at  £140,000.  He  was  equally  at 
home  in  tragedy  or  comedy. 

"  Every  passion  of  the  human  breast  seemed  subjected  to  his 
powers  of  expression ;  nay,  even  time  itself  appeared  to  stand  still 
or  advance  as  he  would  have  it.  Rage  and  ridicule,  doubt  and 
despair,  transport  and  tenderness,  compassion  and  contempt,  love, 
jealousy,  fear,  fury,  and  simplicity,  all  took  in  turn  possession  of 
his  features,  while  each  of  them  in  turn  appeared  to  be  the  sole 
possessor  of  those  features.  One  night  old  age  sat  on  his  counte 
nance,  as  if  the  wrinkles  she  had  stamped  there  were  indelible ; 
the  next  the  gaiety  and  bloom  of  youth  seemed  to  overspread  his 
face  and  smooth  even  those  marks  which  time  and  muscular  con 
formation  might  have  really  made  there.  These  truths  were  ac 
knowledged  by  all  who  saw  him  in  the  several  characters  of  Lear, 
or  Hamlet,  Richard,  Dorilas,  Romeo,  or  Lusignan ;  in  his  Ranger, 
Bays,  Drugger,  Kitely,  Brute,  or  Benedict." 

Mrs.  Garrick,  who  was  a  Miss  Viegel,  (she  subsequently 
changed  her  name  to  Violette,)  a  native  of  Vienna,  and  a 
stage-dancer  in  London,  survived  her  husband  forty-three 
years,  dying  in  1822,  in  her  97th  year.  See  Lon.  Gent. 
Mag.,  Nov.  1822. 

As  an  author,  Mr.  Garrick's  talents  were  respectable. 
Of  his  original  compositions,  The  Lying  Valet,  Miss  in  her 
Teens,  and  The  Clandestine  Marriage,  (the  last  written  in 
conjunction  with  Colman,)  are  the  principal  favourites. 
A  list  of  more  than  forty  pieces,  written  or  altered  by 
him,  will  be  found  in  the  Biog.  Dramat. ;  and,  in  addition 
to  these  and  others,  he  wrote  epigrams,  odes,  and  many 
prologues,  epilogues,  and  songs.  Dramatic  Works,  Lon., 
1768,  3  vols.  12mo;  1798,  3  vols.  12mo. 

"  A  wretched  and  imperfect  collection." — Lowndes's  Bibl.  Man. 

Poetical  works  now  first  collected,  with  Explan.  Notes, 
1785,  2  vols.  12mo.  Of  Garrick's  Mode  of  Reading  the 
Liturgy,  a  new  ed.,  by  R.  Cull,  was  pub.  in  1840,  8vo.  See 
Davies's  and  Murphy's  Lives  of  Garrick ;  Biog.  Dramat.  ; 
Nichols's  Lit.  Anec. ;  Boswell's  Johnson ;  Cumberland's 
Life;  Mason's  Life  of  Whitehead;  Column's  Random 
Records. 

Much  of  interest  relating  to  the  literary  history  of  the 
times  will  be  found  in  Garrick's  Private  Correspondence 
•with  the  most  celebrated  persons  of  his  time,  now  first 
published  from  the  originals,  and  illustrated  with  Notes 
and  a  New  Biographical  Memoir,  splendidly  printed,  with 
fine  portrait  by  Sir  Joshua  Reynolds,  1831-32,  2  vols.  r. 
4to,  pub.  at  £5  5s. 

This  interesting  work  contains  upwards  of  two  thousand 
letters  from  many  of  the  eminent  men  of  the  times  in  which 
Garrick  lived — from  Lords  Lyttelton,  Camden,  Chatham, 
Dr.  Johnson,  Boswell,  Goldsmith,  Gibbon,  Sheridan,  Hume, 
Robertson,  Murphy,  George  Steevens,  Richard  Cumber 
land,  Bp.  Warburton,  Bp.  Hoadly,  Burke,  Junius,  Wilkes, 
Dr.  Franklin,  Churchill,  Sir  J.  Reynolds,  Gainsborough, 
George  Colman,  Mrs.  Clive,  Mrs.  Montague,  and  fifty 
others.  There  are  also  numerous  letters  from  foreign  cor 
respondents,  among  whom  may  be  named  Voltaire,  Beau- 


marchais,  Algarotti,  Diderot,  Baron  Grimm,   Helvetius, 
Riccoboni,  Baron  Koch,  and  Wieland. 

"  Have  you  seen  the  second  volume  of  the  Garrick  Correspond 
ence?  Is  it  not  a  treat  ?  Glorious  Garrick !" — The  late  C.  Mathews. 

"  Garrick's  appearance  forms  an  epoch  in  the  history  of  the  Eng 
lish  theatre,  as  he  chiefly  dedicated  his  talents  to  the  great  cha 
racters  of  Shakspeare,  and  built  his  own  fame  on  the  growing 
admiration  of  the  poet.  Before  his  time,  Shakspeare  had  only  been 
brought  on  the  stage  in  mutilated  and  disfigured  alterations.  Gar 
rick  returned  on  the  whole  to  the  true  originals,  though  he  still 
allowed  himself  to  make  some  very  unfortunate  changes.  It  ap 
pears  to  me  that  the  only  excusable  alteration  of  Shakspeare  is, 
lo  leave  out  a  few  things  not  in  conformity  to  the  taste  of  the  time. 
Garrick  was  undoubtedly  a  great  actor.  Whether  he  always  con 
ceived  the  parts  of  Shakspeare  in  the  sense  of  the  poet.  I  from  the 
very  circumstances  stated  in  the  eulogies  on  his  acting  should  be 
inclined  to  doubt.  He  excited,  however,  a  noble  emulation  to 
represent  worthily  the  great  national  poet ;  this  has  ever  since 
been  the  highest  aim  of  actors,  and  even  at  present  the  stage  can 
boast  of  men  whose  histrionic  talents  are  deservedly  famous." — 
SchlegePs  Lect.  on  Dramat.  Art  and  Lit. 

Garrison,  Wm.  Lloyd.  1.  Thoughts  on  African 
Colonization,  Bost.,  1832,  8vo.  2.  Sonnets  and  other 
Poems,  1843,  18mo.  The  sonnet  entitled  The  Free  Mind 
possesses  decided  merit. 

Garrod,  Alfred  B.,  M.D.,  and  Edward  Ballard, 
M.D.  Elements  of  Materia  Medica  and  Therapeutics,  Lon., 
1845,8vo.  Amer.ed.,editedbyR.E.Griffith,M.D.,Phila.,8vo. 

"  As  a  manual  for  students,  it  is  the  best  that  has  yet  appeared, 
and  will  be  found  to  contain  much  matter  well  worthy  of  perusal 
by  the  practitioner." — Banking's  Report. 

Dr.  Garrod  has  also  pub.  Physical  Diagnosis  of  Dis 
eases  of  the  Abdomen,  Lon.,  1852,  12mo ;  and  On  Pain 
after  Food,  1854,  p.  8vo. 

Garrow,  D.  W.,  D.D.  1.  Hist,  and  Antiq.  of  Croy- 
don,  Croy,  1818,  8vo.  2.  Serms.,  Lon.,  1820,  8vo. 

Garrow,  J.     Serm.,  Lon.,  1812. 

Garroway,  Alderman.     Speech,  1642,  4to. 

Garstin,  John,  Major-General.  Trans,  of  Paul 
Frisi's  Treat,  on  Rivers  and  Torrents,  <fec. 

Garter,  Barnard.  1.  The  tragical  Hist,  of  two  Eng 
lish  Lovers,  written  by  Bar.  Gar.,  Lon.,  1565,  16mo.  In 
verse;  95  leaves.  Bindley,  £30  19*.  6rf.  Perry,  £32  10s. 

Garth,  John.     Psalms  set  to  Music,  Lon.,  1759,  fol. 

Garth,  Sir  Samuel,  d.  1718-19,  a  native  of  York 
shire,  was  educated  at  Peter  House,  Camb.,  where  he  took 
his  degree  of  M.D.  in  1691,  and  was  admitted  Fellow, 
June  26,  1693.  In  1687  commenced  a  quarrel  between 
the  physicians  and  apothecaries,  the  latter  of  whom  op 
posed  the  design  of  the  former  to  furnish  the  poor  with 
advice  gratis  and  medicines  at  prime  cost.  To  hold  the 
apothecaries  up  to  public  reprobation  and  ridicule,  Garth 
pub.  in  1699,  4to,  his  satirical  poem  of  the  Dispensary, 
which  pleased  the  town  so  much  that  it  went  through 
three  editions  in  a  few  months,  and  many  were  subse 
quently  pub.  The  9th  ed.,  which  contains  a  number  of 
episodes  and  inscriptions,  appeared  in  1706.  Pope  re 
marks  that  it  had  been  "  corrected  in  every  edition,  and 
that  every  change  was  an  improvement."  When  Garth,  in 
1697,  spoke  what  is  now  called  the  Harveian  Oration,  he 
followed  up  the  blow  in  Latin,  and  the  poor  apothecaries 
were  placed  completely  hors  du  combat.  He  also  wrote 
the  epilogue  to  Addison's  tragedy  of  Cato,  pub.  a  poem 
entitled  Claremont,  and  in  an  ed.  of  Ovid's  Metamorphoses, 
pub.  in  1717,  trans,  the  whole  14th  book,  and  the  story  of 
Cippus  in  the  15th;  the  Preface  is  also  his.  Works,  1769, 
12mo.  He  lived  without  religion,  and,  according  to  Pope 
— an  intimate  friend, — died  a  Roman  Catholic. 

"  His  poetry  has  been  praised  at  least  equally  to  its  merit.  In 
the  Dispensary  there  is  a  strain  of  smooth  and  free  versification ; 
but  few  lines  are  eminently  elegant.  No  passages  fall  below  me 
diocrity,  and  few  rise  much  above  it.  The  plan  seems  formed  with 
out  just  proportion  to  the  subject;  the  means  and  end  have  no 
necessary  connection.  Resnel,  in  his  Preface  to  Pope's  Essay,  re 
marks,  that  Garth  exhibits  no  discrimination  of  characters;  and 
that  what  any  one  says  might,  with  equal  propriety,  have  been 
said  by  another.  The  general  design  is,  perhaps,  open  to  criticism ; 
but  the  composition  can  seldom  be  charged  with  inaccuracy  or  neg 
ligence.  The  author  never  slumbers  in  self-indulgence;  his  full 
vigour  is  always  exerted;  scarcely  a  line  is  left  unfinished;  nor  is 
it  easy  to  find  an  expression  used  by  constraint,  or  a  thought  im 
perfectly  expressed.  It  was  remarked  by  Pope,  that  the  Dispen 
sary  had  been  corrected  in  every  edition,  and  that  every  change 
was  an  improvement.  It  appears,  however,  to  want  something  of 
poetical  ardour,  and  something  of  general  delectation;  and  there 
fore  since  it  has  been  no  longer  supported  by  accidental  and  in 
trinsic  popularity,  it  has  been  scarcely  able  to  support  itself."— Dr. 
Johnson's  Lives  of  the  Poets. 

See  also  Biog.  Brit. ;  Gibber's  Lives ;  Spence's  Anecdotes. 

Garthshore,  Maxwell,  M.D.,  1732-1812,  a  physician 
in  London  for  nearly  fifty  years,  pub.  an  Inaugural  Dissert, 
Edin.,  1764,  8vo,  and  contributed  to  Med.  Obs.  and  Inq., 
1770,  and  to  Phil.  Trans.,  1787.  See  his  biog.  acct.  of  Dr. 
Ingenhousz,  in  Thorn.  Ann.  Philos.,  1817. 

663 


GAR 


GAS 


Garthwait,  Henry.  The  Evangelical  Harmony, 
reducing  the  four  Evangelists  into  one  continued  Text, 
Camb.,  1634,  4to. 

Garton,  James.     Practical  Gardener,  Lon.,  1769. 

Gartside,  M.,  a  lady.  1.  Light  and  Shade,  Colours, 
and  Composition,  Lon.,  1804,  4to.  2.  Ornamental  Groups, 
Descrip.  of  Flowers,  Birds,  Shells,  and  Insects,1809,imp.fol. 

Gartwood,  or  Garwood.  Short  Introduc.  to  Hist., 
suggested  by  Coghlan's  Sys.  of  Mnemonics,  Lon.,  1814. 

Garwood,  John.     The  Bible,  Lon.,  1840,  8vo. 

Gascoigne,  Sir  Crisp.  Address  rel.  to  his  conduct 
in  the  Cases  of  E.  Canning  and  M.  Squires,  1754. 

Gascoigne,  George,  1537-1577,  after  studying  for 
some  time  at  Cambridge,  removed  to  Gray's  Inn,  which  he 
deserted  for  the  army,  and  served  in  Holland,  where  he 
received  a  captain's  commission  from  the  Prince  of  Orange. 
Returning  to  England,  he  became  a  courtier,  and  contri 
buted  to  the  festivities  which  enlivened  the  business  of 
statesmen  and  the  progress  of  the  queen.  The  name  of 
The  Princely  Pleasures  of  Kenilworth  Castle,  one  of  Gas- 
coigne's  masques,  will  remind  many  of  our  readers  of 
Amy  Robsart  and  Sir  Richard  Varney,  of  the  ambitious 
Earl  and  his  imperious  mistress.  Among  Gascoigne's  best- 
known  pieces  are :  The  Glasseof  Gouernment;  a  Tragicall 
Comedie,  Lon.,  1575, 4to.  The  Steele  Glas ;  a  Satyre,  1576, 
4to.  A  Delicate  Diet  for  daintie  mouthde  Droonkards; 
wherein  the  fowle  abuse  of  common  carousing  and  quaff 
ing  with  heartie  draughtes  is  honestly  admonished,  1576, 
8vo.  The  Droome  of  Doomes  Day ;  wherein  the  Frailties 
and  Miseries  of  Man's  Life  are  liuely  portrayed  and  learn 
edly  set  forth,  1586,  4to.  The  Comedie  of  Supposes,  and 
the  Tragedie  of  locasta,  in  the  collective  ed.  of  his  Whole 
Woorkes,  1587,  4to.  Warton  says  that  the  Comedie  of  Sup 
poses  was  the  first  comedy  written  in  English  prose ;  and 
Dr.  Farmer  in  his  Essay  on  Shakspeare  says  that  the  latter 
borrowed  part  of  the  plot  and  of  the  phraseology  of  this 
play,  and  transferred  it  into  his  Taming  of  the  Shrew. 
This  was  the  opinion  of  Chalmers,  Warton,  and  Gifford, 
also.  Many  of  Gascoigne's  works  are  reprinted  in  Chal 
mers's  ed.  of  the  Poets.  For  notices  of  early  eds.,  and  of 
the  author,  see  Athen.  Oxon. ;  Whetstone's  Remembrance 
of  Gascoigne;  Censura  Literaria ;  Brit.  Bibliog. ;  Warton's 
Hist,  of  Eng.  Poetry;  Brydges's  Phillips's  Theat.  Poet; 
Ritson's  Bibl.  Poetica;  Watt's  Bibl.  Brit.;  Lowndes's  Bibl. 
Man. ;  Chalmers's  British  Poets. 

"  One  of  the  smaller  poets  of  Queen  Elizabeth's  days,  whose 
poetical  works  nevertheless  have  been  thought  worthy  to  be  quoted 
among  the  chief  of  that  time;  his  Supposes,  a  Comedy;  Glass  of 
Government,  a  Tragi-Comedy ;  Jocasta,  a  Tragedy,  are  particularly 
remembered." — Phittips's  Theat.  Poet. 

"  A  writer,  whose  mind,  though  it  exhibits  few  marks  of  strength, 
is  not  destitute  of  delicacy ;  he  is  smooth,  sentimental,  and  harmo 
nious."—  Headley's  Select  Beauties  of  Anc.  Eng.  Poet. 

"  He  has  much  exceeded  all  the  poets  of  his  age  in  smoothness 
and  harmony  of  versification."—  Warton's  Obs.  on  the  Fairy  Queen. 

"  From  what  I  have  seen  of  his  works,  his  fancy  seems  to  have 
been  sparkling  and  elegant,  and  he  always  writes  with  the  powers 
of  a  poet."— SIR  S.  E.  BRYDGES,  in  his  ed.  of  Phittips's  Theat.  Poet. 

"  In  George  Gascoigne's  poem  there  are  many  things  about  the 
Dutch,  showing  that  the  English  despised  them,  and  despaired  of 
their  cause,  just  as  in  our  days  happened  to  the  Spaniards: 
"'And  thus,  my  lord,  your  honour  may  discerne 
Our  perils  past,  &c.' " 

Robt.  Southey  to  John  Rickman,  March  23, 1814. 

"The  general  commendations  of  Chalmers  on  this  poet  seem 
rather  hyperbolical.  But  his  minor  poems,  especially  one  called 
The  Arraignment  of  a  Lover,  have  much  spirit  and  gaiety;  and  we 
may  leave  him  a  respectable  place  among  the  Elizabethan  versi 
fiers."—  Hattam's  Lit.  Hist,  of  Europe. 

Gascoigne,  Henry  B.  Suggestions  for  the  Em 
ployment  of  the  Poor  of  the  Metropolis,  Ac.,  1817. 

Gascoyn,  Sir  Bernard.  Descrip.  of  Germany,  its 
Govt.,  &c.;  vide  Brown's  Miss.  Aulic,  1702. 

Gaskarth,  John,  D.D.  Texts  examined  cited  by 
Papists  for  their  Doctrine  of  Satisfaction,  Lon.,  1688,  4to. 
And  in  Gibson's  Preservative,  x.  264.  Serins.,  <fcc.,  1683- 

J_71o. 

Gaskell,  Mrs.,  formerly  Miss  Stromkin,  wife  of  a 
Unitarian  minister  at  Manchester,  England,  has  attained 
considerable  popularity  as  the  author  of  The  Moorland 
Cottage,  Ruth,  Mary  Barton,  North  and  South,  and  Cran- 
ford.  Mary  Barton ;  a  Tale  of  Manchester  Life,  Lon.,  1848. 

"  Mary  Barton  is  a  work  of  higher  pretensions  than  an  ordinary 
novel.  It  aims  not  only  at  the  delineation  of  the  joys  and  sorrows, 
the  loves  and  hatreds  of  our  common  humanity,  but  it  professes 
also  to  give  a  picture  of  the  feelings,  habits,  opinions,  character! 
and  social  condition  of  a  particular  class  of  the  people,-a  class 
too,  which  has  of  late  years  attracted  a  great  share  of  public  atten 
tion,  and  has  probably  been  the  subject  of  more  misconception  and 
misrepresentation  than  has  fallen  to  the  lot  of  any  other.  .  .  .  The 
literary  merit  of  the  work  is  in  some  respects  of  a  very  high  order 
Its  interest  is  intense;  often  painfully  Bo."—£din.  Rev.,  Ixxxix. 

'654 


See  a  review  of  Ruth,  in  the  N.  Brit,  Rev.,  May,  1853, 
and  of  North  and  South,  in  Blackw.  Mag.,  May,  1855. 

Life  of  Charlotte  Bronte,  Author  of  Jane  Eyre,  Shirley, 
Villette,  &c.,  1857,  2  vols.  p.  8vo.  This  work  was  alleged 
to  contain  several  inaccuracies.  The  last  ed.,  pub.  in  1858, 
varies  considerably  from  the  earlier  issues :  see  BRONTE, 
CHARLOTTE.  Around  the  Sofa,  1858. 

Gaskin,    George,   D.D.,    Rector    of   St.  Benedict. 

1.  Serms.,  1798,  2  vols.  8vo.     2.  Occas.  Serms.,  1798-1821. 
Gaskin,  James  J.     1.  European  Geography  made 

Easy,  Lon.,  1843,  12mo;  2d  ed.,  Lon.,  1846.  2.  Geography 
and  Sacred  Hist,  of  Syria,  1846,  18mo. 

Gaskin,  John.     Serms.,  Brist.,  1844,  8vo. 

Gaspey,  Thomas,  an  author  of  our  own  times,  has 
pub.  The  Witch  Finder,  The  Self-Condemned,  The  History 
ef  George  Godfrey,  and  other  romances.  In  conjunction 
with  George  Moir  Bussey,  he  pub.  in  1850,  2  vols.  imp.  8vo, 
Pictorial  History  of  France  and  of  the  French  People,  from 
the  establishment  of  the  Franks  in  Gaul  to  the  French 
Revolution,  illustrated  by  nearly  400  beautiful  engravings 
on  wood,  pub.  £2  16». 

"  An  admirably-written  and  very  interesting  work,  compiled  from 
the  writings  of  Sismondi,  Lacretelle,  and  Thiers.  It  is  a  very  de 
sirable  precursor  to  the  various  Lives  of  Napoleon  and  Histories 
of  the  French  Revolution." 

Gaspine,  John.  Serm.  on  Luke  xii.  32,  1663,  4to. 
See  p.  348  of  Farewell  Serms.,  Lon.,  1816,  8vo. 

Gass,  Patrick.  A  Jour,  of  the  Voyages  and  Travels 
of  a  corps  of  discovery  under  the  command  of  Capts.  Lewis 
and  Clarke,  1804-06,  Pittsburg,  1807,  12mo;  Lon.,  1808, 
8vo;  Phila.,  1810, '12,  12mo. 

"It  is  curious  to  observe  how  ingeniously  Mr.  Gass  has  avoided 
whatever  could  interest  or  amuse.  All  he  says,  we  have  no  doubt, 
is  strictly  true :  at  least,  if  intolerable  dullness  be  a  symptom  of 
truth  in  narration,  he  has  amply  vindicated  his  veracity." — Lon. 
Quar.  Rev.,  i.  293-304. 

See  ALLEN,  PAUL;  BIDDLE,  NICHOLAS;  LEWIS,  MERI- 
WETHER. 

Gast,  John,  D.D.,  Archdeacon  of  Glandclogh.  1.  Rud. 
of  Grecian  Hist,  to  Philip  of  Macedon,  Lon.,  1754,  8vo. 

2.  Hist,  of  Greece  from  Alex,  of  Macedon  till  the  final  Sub 
jection  to  the  Roman  Power,  1782,  4to.     3.  Lett,  from  a 
Clergyman,  Ac.  to  his  Popish  Parishioners. 

Gaston,  Rev.  Hugh.  A  Scripture  Account  of  the 
Faith  and  Practice  of  Christians,  consisting  of  collections 
of  pertinent  texts  of  Scripture  upon  the  sundry  Articles  of 
Revealed  Religion,  Lon.,  1764,  8vo.  New  ed.,  enlarged, 
by  Joseph  Strutt,  1813,  8vo.  Again,  1824,  8vo.  To  this 
ed.  20,000  references  are  added.  Again,  1847,  8vo ;  Phila., 
1855,  8vo.  Pub.  by  F.  Bell.  See  PERCY,  THOMAS.  The 
ed.  by  Mr.  Bell  is  that  corrected  and  revised  by  the  Rev. 
John  Hall.  The  late  eds.  are  entitled  Gaston's  Common- 
Place  Book,  <fcc. 

"The  arrangement  is  clear,  the  selection  of  texts  is  sufficiently 
ample,  and  a  useful  index  enables  the  reader  to  find  passages  of 
Scripture  arranged  on  almost  every  topic  he  can  desire.  ...  As  it 
is  of  easy  purchase,  it  may  be  substituted  for  any  of  the  larger 
common-place  books." — Home's  Bibl.  Bib. 

"  The  attributes,  perfections,  and  operations  of  God ;  the  glories 
of  the  Saviour;  the  accomplished  work  of  redemption,  and  the 
agency  of  the  Holy  Spirit,  are  severally  enlarged  upon.  The  divine 
law  is  amplified  with  the  consentaneous  illustrations  of  its  pre 
cepts  by  our  Lord  himself,  and  by  the  prophets  and  apostles.  The 
personal  and  relative  duties  of  mankind  are  largely  insisted  upon." 
— Lowndes's  Brit.  Lib. 

Gastrell,  Francis,  1662-1725,  a  native  of  Slapton, 
Northampton,  entered  Christ  Church,  Oxf.,  1680  ;  preacher 
at  Lincoln's  Inn,  1694;  Canon  of  Christ  Church,  Oxf., 
1702 ;  Bishop  of  Chester,  1714.  1.  Considerations  on  the 
Trinity,  Lon.,  1696,  1702,  '07,  4to.  Also  reprinted  in  Bp. 
Randolph's  Enchiridion  Theologicum,  vol.  iii.  2.  The 
Certainty  and  Necessity  of  Religion  in  General ;  8  Serms. 
at  Boyle's  Lect.  on  Heb.  xi.  6,  1697,  1703,  8vo;  1739,  fol. 
Gastrell  followed  up  this  attack  upon  Atheism  by  a  blow 
at  Deism  in  (3.)  The  Certainty  of  the  Christian  Revela 
tion,  and  the  necessity  of  believing  it,  established,  1699, 
8vo.  4.  Fast  Serm.,  1704,  '07,  4to.  5.  The  Christian  In 
stitutes;  or,  the  Sincere  Word  of  God,  1707,  '09,  8vo; 
1717,  12mo.  Frequently  reprinted;  recently  by  the  Lond. 
C.  K.  Society  in  12mo. 

"  This  valuable  little  work,  which  may  perhaps  be  considered  as 
a  Concordance  of  parallel  passages  at  full  length,  ....  may  be 
very  advantageously  substituted  for  any  of  the  subsequent  larger 
and  more  expensive  works.  The  '  Economy  of  a  Christian  Life,' 
published  by  the  Rev.  W.  Bingley  in  1808,  2  vols.  12mo,  is  similar 
in  design,  but  upon  the  whole  better  arranged  than  Bp.  Gastrell's 
little  manual."— dome's  Bibl.  Bib. 

6.  Serm.,  1712,  4to.  7.  Serm.  1714,  4to.  8.  Remarks 
upon  the  Scripture  Doctrine  of  the  Trinity,  by  Dr.  Samuel 
Clarke,  1714. 

"  Dr.  Clarke  acknowledged  that  the  objections  to  his  doctrine 
were  there  set  forth  to  particular  advantage,  by  the  skill  of  a  very 


GAS 


GAU 


able  and  learned  writer,  and  proposed  with  a  reasonable  and  good 
spirit." 

9.  His  Case  with  respect  to  the  Wardenship  of  Man 
chester,  1721.  10.  Certainty  of  a  Future  State,  1725,  '37, 
8vo.  11.  Tracts,  8vo.  Some  other  treatises  are  ascribed 
to  him. 

"  He  left  a  sufficient  monument  of  himself  in  his  writings,  and 
his  virtues  are  far  from  being  yet  forgotten."— DR.  WILLIS. 

See  Biog.  Brit. ;  Atterbury  Corresp. ;  Nichols's  Lit.  Anec. 

Gastrell,  Peregrine,  LL.D.  Enquiry  into  the  Ex 
ercise  of  some  parts  of  Ecclesiastical  Jurisdiction,  Lon., 
1747,  8vo. 

Gataker,  Charles,  1614P-1680,  son  of  the  celebrated 
Thomas  Gataker,  educated  at  Sidney  Coll.,  Camb.,  and 
Pembroke  Coll.,  Oxf.,  became  Rector  of  Hoggeston,  Buck 
inghamshire,  about  1647,  and  continued  there  until  his 
death.  He  wrote  some  treatises  against  the  Papists,  The 
Way  of  Truth  and  Peace,  or  a  Reconciliation  of  St.  Paul 
and  St.  James  concerning  Justification,  another  work  on 
Justification,  animadversions  on  Bull's  Harmonia  Aposto- 
lica,  <fcc.  See  Athen.  Oxon. ;  Genl.  Biog.  Diet. 

Gataker,  Thomas,  1574-1654,  was  educated  at  St. 
John's  Coll.,  Camb.;  preacher  at  Lincoln's  Inn,  1601; 
Rector  of  Rotherhithe,  1611.  He  was  for  many  years  de 
barred  from  active  pastoral  duty  by  ill  health.  He  was 
one  of  those  who  subscribed  the  Covenant,  but  professed 
his  attachment  to  Episcopacy,  and  in  the  time  of  the  Com 
monwealth  sided  with  the  Presbyterians  rather  than  the 
Independents.  He  was  one  of  the  most  learned  critics  of 
his  day,  and  Salmasius,  Aenius,  Colomies,  Morhof,  Baillet, 
as  well  as  the  British  scholars,  united  in  his  praise.  Among 
his  principal  works  are : — 1.  Of  the  Nature  and  Use  of 
Lots ;  a  Treatise,  Hist,  and  Theolog.,  Lon.,  1616,  '19/27, 4to. 

"This  publication  made  a  great  noise,  and  drew  him  afterwards 
into  a  controversy." 

2.  Serms.,  1620, 4to ;  1637,  fol.     He  also  pub.  a  number 
of  other  serms.  and  discourses,  1620-1707. 

"  In  his  sermons,  suitably  to  the  very  great  learning  of  the 
man,  there  is  a  wonderful  variety  of  useful  matter." — Dr.  Wotton's 
Study  of  Divinity. 

3.  Dissertatio  de  Stylo  Novi  Testamenti,  1648,  4to.    4. 
Cinnus,  <fcc.,  1651,  4to.     5.  Adversaria  Miscellanea,  1659, 
fol.     This  was  completed  by  his  son. 

"Gataker  vindicates  the  purity  of  the  Greek  of  the  New  Testa 
ment  writers  from  Hebraisms  and  barbarisms  against  Pfochenius; 
and  illustrates  many  of  its  difficult  words  and  idioms.  He  was  a 
profound  Greek  scholar,  and  applied  his  knowledge  very  success 
fully  to  the  illustration  of  the  Scriptures,  and  also  of  the  classics; 
though  his  ideas  of  the  correctness  and  elegance  of  the  style  of  the 
New  Testament  were  carried  to  an  extreme.  Some  of  his  English 
writings,  as  his  Essay  on  the  Nature  and  Use  of  Lots,  are  also 
worth  reading." — Grime's  Bibl.  Bib. 

"  Gataker  examines  this  subject  [Lots]  with  great  learning,  judg 
ment  and  accuracy." —  Wordsworth's  Chris.  Instit. 

His  share  of  the  annotations  upon  the  Scriptures — the 
books  of  Isaiah,  Jeremiah,  and  Lamentations — written  by 
divines  of  the  Westminster  Assembly,  was  so  admirably 
performed,  that  Calamy  does  not  scruple  to  assert  that  no 
commentator,  ancient  or  modern,  is  entitled  to  higher 
praise. 

Opera  Critica,  edente  Hermanno  Witsio.  Traj.  ad  Rhen., 
1698,  2  torn,  in  3  vols.  fol.  Tom.  II.  continent  M.  Anto- 
nini  Imp.  de  Rebus  suis,  Libros  XII.  et  Opuscula  Varia. 
'_'  A  very  learned  divine,  Thomas  Gataker.  one  whom  a  foreign 
writer  has  placed  among  the  six  Protestants  most  conspicuous,  in 
his  judgment,  for  depth  of  reading.  .  .  .  Gataker  stood,  perhaps, 
next  to  Usher,  in  general  estimation."— JHallam's  Lit.  Hist,  of 
Europe. 

See  Mr.  Hallam's  comments  upon  Gataker's  Cinnus, 
Ac.,  Adversaria  Posthuma,  and  Marcus  Antoninus.  The 
English  reader  should  procure  The  Meditations  of  Anto 
ninus,  with  Gataker's  Preliminary  Discourse,  and  Dacier's 
Life  of  the  Emperor,  trans,  by  Jeremy  Collier,  1701,  8vo. 
After  reading  Gataker's  Prelim.  Discourse,  he  is  not  to 
read  the  Meditations  in  this  trans.,  for  it  is  inelegant, 
vulgar,  and  ludicrous,  but  moist  read  the  trans,  by  R. 
Graves,  Bath,  1792,  8vo,  or  some  other  good  version. 
Antoninus  is  well  worth  attention  : 

"His   Meditations,  though    they  want   style,  will  well  repay 
perusal,  from  the  pure  sentiments  of  piety  and  benevolence  which 
they  exhibit."— WAKEFIELD. 
"  A  profound  scholar."— DR.  PARE. 

Baillet  commends  his  great  learning,  but  considers  him 
to  have  been  too  bold  in  his  conjectures. 
"  Vir  stupendaa  lectionis  magni  que  judicii." — MORHOF. 
"  E  criticis  omnibus  qui   hoc  gaeculo  ad  politiorum  literarum 
illustrationem  aliquid  scripsere,  vix  ac  ne  vix  quidem  ullas  in- 
venietur,   qui  in  authbribus  diligenter   ac  accurate  tractandis 
Thomae  Gatakero  palmam  praeri  piat." — PAUL  COLOMESIUB. 

Gataker,  Thomas,  surgeon,  pub.  a  trans,  of  Le 
Dran's  Surgery,  and  some  other  profess,  treatises,  1749-64 
Gatchell,  Thomas.     Serm.,  1706,  4to. 
Gates,  Geoffrey.     The  Militarie  Profession,  1579. 


Gatford.     Serms.,  1643,  4to. 

Gatford.  A  Disquisition,  how  far  Conquest  gives  the 
Conqueror  a  Title.  Anon. 

Gatford,  Lionel.  1.  Hyperphysical  Directions  in 
the  Time  of  the  Plague,  Oxf.,  1644,  4to.  2.  Public  Good 
without  Private  Interests ;  or,  a  Compendious  Remon 
strance  of  the  sad  State  and  Condition  of  Virginia,  Ac., 
Lon.,  1657,  4to,  pp.  27.  The  Charter  of  Virginia,  pp.  23, 
is  annexed  to  this  pamphlet.  3.  Narrative  of  the  Death 
of  Mr.  W.  Tyrel,  and  the  Preservation  of  Sir  John  Rous, 
1661,  4to. 

Gathercole,  Rev.  M.  A.  Letters  to  a  Dissenting 
Minister,  with  the  Author's  Reasons  for  conforming  to  the 
Ch.  of  Eng.,  5th  ed.,  Lon.,  1836.  This  little  work,  twice 
noticed  by  the  Bishop  of  London,  excited  much  attention. 
See  an  account  of  the  controversy  connected  with  it  in 
Lowndes's  Brit.  Lib.,  1147. 

Gatisden.     See  GADDESDEN. 

Gatton,  Benj.  Theolog.  treatises,  Ac.,  1704-32. 
Eighteen  Serms.,  Oxon.,  1732,  8vo. 

Gatty,  Alfred,  Vicar  of  Ecclesfield.  1.  Serms.,  Lon., 
2  vols.  12mo,  vol.  L,  1843 ;  2d  ed.,  1847 ;  vol.  ii.,  1848. 
Notice  of  vol.  i. : 

"The  subjects  treated  of  are  various  and  full  of  interest,  and  all 
are  treated  with  great  energy  and  with  considerable  perspicuity 
of  expression  and  originality  of  thought.  These  productions  are 
eminently  indicative  of  mind,  judgment,  and  pure  intention,  and 
are  constructed  for  general  use." — Church  and  State  Gazette. 

"  All  the  topics  are  handled  in  a  plain,  practical,  straightforward 
manner,  and,  though  moderate  in  doctrine,  they  are  always  sound, 
and  have  often  much  originality." — Ch.  of  Eng.  Quar.  Rev. 

Notice  of  vol.  ii. : 

"They  are  sermons  of  a  high  and  solid  character,  and  are  the 
productions  of  a  good  Churchman.  They  are  earnest  and  affec 
tionate,  and  follow  out  the  Church's  doctrine." — Lon.  Theologian. 

2.  The  Bell ;  its  Origin,  History,  and  Uses.     New  ed., 
1848,  12mo. 

"  A  very  varied,  learned  and  amusing  essay  on  the  subject  of 
bells." — Lon.  Spectator. 

3.  The  Vicar  and  his  Duties,  1853,  12mo.    4.  Serms.  for 
Wayfarers,  1854,  cr.  8vo. 

Gatty,  Mrs.  Alfred.  The  Fairy  Godmothers;  and 
other  Tales,  Lon.,  1851,  12mo. 

"  Her  love  for  fairy  literature  has  led  Mrs.  Alfred  Gatty  to  com 
pose  four  pretty  little  moral  stories,  in  which  the  fairies  are  grace 
fully  enough  used  as  machinery.  They  are  slight,  but  well  writ 
ten." — Lon.  Guardian. 

"  Approaching  in  tone  and  tendency  to  the  fairy-tales  of  Ander 
sen.  Most  commendable  as  a  fairy-book,  with  a  beautiful  illus 
tration  by  an  amateur  artist,  Miss  L.  E.  Barker." — Lon.  Athenaeum. 

Gauden,  John,  D.D.,  1605-1662,  a  native  of  May- 
field,  Essex,  educated  at  St.  John's  Coll.,  Camb.,  became 
Vicar  of  Chippenham,  and  subsequently  Rector  of  Bright- 
well,  Berkshire.  Being  appointed  chaplain  to  Robert, 
Earl  of  Warwick,  he  preached  before  the  House  of  Com 
mons,  Nov.  29,  1640,  and  so  pleased  the  members  that 
they  gave  him  a  silver  tankard,  and  in  the  next  year 
presented  him  to  the  rich  deanery  of  Booking,  in  Essex. 
When  he  discovered  the  murderous  designs  entertained  by 
the  Parliamentarians,  he  boldly  opposed  them  in  a  published 
protest,  (1648,  fol.,)  and  after  the  king  had  been  put  to 
death,  he  wrote  A  Just  Invective  against  those  of  the 
army  and  their  abettors  who  murthered  K.  Charles  L,  <fec. ; 
written  Feb.  10,  1648.  But  this  was  not  pub.  until  after 
the  Restoration,  i.  e.  in  1662.  In  1660  he  was  made  Bishop 
of  Exeter,  and  in  1662  translated  to  Worcester.  He  wrote 
a  number  of  treatises  in  vindication  of  the  Church  of  Eng 
land  and  its  ministers,  among  which  are  Hieraspistes,  or 
A  Defence  of  the  Ministry  and  Ministers  of  the  Ch.  of 
Eng.,  1653,  4to ;  The  Case  of  Ministers'  Maintenance  by 
Tithes,  1653 ;  Petitionary  Remonstrance  to  Oliver  Crom 
well  in  behalf  of  the  Clergy  of  Eng.,  1659,  4to;  Ecclesige 
Anglicanae  Suspiria;  The  Tears,  Sighs,  and  Complaints 
of  the  Ch.  of  Eng.,  1659,  fol. ;  Antisacrilegus,  1660,  4to  ; 
serms.,  Ac. 

The  character  of  Gauden  has  been  violently  assailed  ; 
but  he  lived  in  days  when  prominent  men  of  either  party 
were  not  likely  to  meet  with  much  mercy  from  their  oppo 
nents.  Without  entering  into  any  examination  of  his 
character,  it  is  but  fair  to  quote  Wood's  declaration,  and 
thus  give  him  credit  for  what  cannot  be  disputed  : 

"  While  he  continued  there  [tutor  at  Wadham  College]  the  great 
ness  of  his  parts  were  much  improved  by  the  greatness  of  indus 
try,  bestowing  the  most  part  of  the  day  and  night  too  in  the  study 
of  divine  matters;  .  .  .  esteemed  by  all  that  knew  him  a  very 
comely  person,  a  man  of  vast  parts,  and  one  that  had  been  strangely 
improved  by  unwearied  labour."— A  then.  Oxon. 

But  we  must  no  longer  delay  the  introduction  of  a  sub 
ject  which,  more  than  all  other  causes  of  notoriety,  has  in 
vested  and  still  invests  the  name  of  Gauden  with  deep 
interest  to  the  student  of  political  and  literary  history : — 
the  authorship  of  Eikon  Basilike.  In  our  articles  on  AN- 

655 


GAU 


GAY 


NESLEY,  ARTHUR,  EARL  OP,  and  CHARLES  L,  King  of  Eng 
land,  we  have  already  dwelt  somewhat  upon  this  vexed 
question,  and  referred  the  reader  to  the  article  he  is  now 
perusing,  promising  to  direct  him  to  the  best  sources  of  in 
formation  on  this  subject.  The  " famous  memorandum" 
in  the  Earl  of  Anglesey's  copy  of  the  Eikon  Basilike  was 
discovered  by  Mr.  Millington,  the  auctioneer  who  sold  his 
lordship's  library.  It  is  a  MS.  declaration  by  the  Earl 
that  K.  Charles  II.  and  the  Duke  of  York  had  both  assured 
him  that  the  work  in  question 

"Was  none  of  the  said  king's  compiling;,  but  made  by  Dr.  Gau- 
den,  Bishop  of  Chester,  which  I  here  insert,  for  the  undeceiving 
others  in  this  point,  by  attesting  so  much  under  my  hand." 

This  memorandum  was  given  to  the  world,  and  great 
was  the  controversy,  and  many  were  the  books,  to  which  it 
gave  rise.  As  regards  the  work  itself,  we  have  already 
said  so  much  under  the  name  of  CHARLES  L  that  we  may 
be  excused  from  lingering  much  on  this  point.  Those  who 
are  disposed  to  pursue  the  subject  at  length  can  examine 
the  dissertations  upon  this  question  by  Milton,  Jane,  Lud- 
low,  Hollingworth,  Walker,  Long,  Wagstaff,  Burnet,  Dug- 
dale,  Nash,  Birch,  Granger,  Burton ;  Gent.  Mag.  for  1754; 
Nichols's  Lit.  Anec. ;  Lon.  Quar.  Rev. ;  Brydges's  Resti- 
tuta:  see  these  and  other  authorities  cited  in  Lowndes's 
Bibl.  Man.;  also  see  authorities  cited  in  Biog.  Brit.;  Laing's 
Hist,  of  Scotland;  Lloyd's  Memoirs;  Maty's  Review; 
Dean  Barwick's  Life;  Who  wrote  Icon  Basilike?  by  Chris 
topher  Wordsworth,  D.D.,  1824,  '25,  '28,  3  vols.  8vo;  and 
a  review  of  vol.  i.  of  this  work  by  Sir  James  Mackintosh, 
in  Edin.  Rev.,  xliv.  1-47.  It  is  fair  to  add  that  in  his  last 
vol.  Dr.  Wordsworth  stoutly  defends  his  position  against 
Lingard,  Todd,  Broughton,  the  Edinburgh  Review,  and 
Hallain.  Surely  the  good  doctor  had  his  hands  full.  Mr. 
Todd  rejoined  in  the  next  year,  1829. 

If  the  reader  ask  us  "Who  wrote  Icon  Basilike?"  we 
shall  be  obliged  to  reply  as  we  shall  when  he  (by  supposi 
tion)  asks  us  "Who  wrote  Junius?" — Really,  we  cannot 
tell.  To  show  him  that  we  have  no  great  reason  to  blush 
for  our  ignorance,  we  beg  to  tell  him  that  the  learned  Dr. 
Wordsworth  "proves"  that  King  Charles  I.  wrote  it,  and 
the  equally  learned  Sir  James  Mackintosh  "proves",  that 
Bishop  Gauden. wrote  it.  Now  it  is  certain  that  both  can 
not  be  right,  and  it  is  just  as  certain  that  it  would  puzzle  a 
wiser  head  than  ours  to  prove  that  either  is  wrong.  Those 
who  wish  to  see  Dr.  Wordsworth  supported  can  turn  to  the 
London  Quarterly  Review,  xxxii.  467-505;  and  those  who 
wish  to  see  Sir  James  Mackintosh  countenanced  can  con 
sult  Todd's  answer  to  Wordsworth,  and  Henry  Hallain's 
Introduction  to  the  Literature  of  Europe.  The  quotation 
of  the  opinion  of  the  last-named  eminent  authority  may 
fitly  conclude  this  article: 

"  The  famous  Icon  Basilice  ascribed  to  Charles  I.  may  deserve  a 
place  iu  literary  history.  If  we  could  trust  its  panegyrists,  few 
books  in  our  language  have  done  it  more  credit  by  dignity  of  sen 
timent  and  beauty  of  style.  It  can  hardly  be  necessary  for  me  to 
express  my  unhesitating  conviction  that  it  was  solely  written  by 
Bishop  Gauden,  who  after  the  Restoration  unequivocally  claimed 
it  as  his  own.  The  folly  and  impudence  of  such  a  claim,  if  it  could 
not  be  substantiated,  are  not  to  be  presumed  as  to  any  man  of 
good  understanding,  fair  character,  and  high  station,  without 
stronger  evidence  than  has  been  alleged  on  the  other  side ;  espe 
cially  when  we  find  that  those  who  had  the  best  means  of  inquiry, 
at  a  time  when  it  seems  impossible  that  the  falsehood  of  Gauden's 
assertion  should  not  have  been  demonstrated,  if  it  were  false, 
acquiesced  in  his  pretensions.  We  have  very  little  to  place  again  st 
this,  except  secondary  testimony,  vague,  for  the  most  part,  in  itself, 
and  collected  by  those  whose  veracity  has  not  been  put  to  the  test 
like  that  of  Gauden.  The  style  also  of  the  Icon  Basilice  has  been 
identified  by  Mr.  Todd  with  that  of  Gauden  by  the  use  of  several 
phrases  so  peculiar  that  we  can  hardly  conceive  them  to  have  sug 
gested  themselves  to  more  than  one  person.  It  is  nevertheless 
superior  to  his  acknowledged  writings.  A  strain  of  majestic  me 
lancholy  is  well  kept  up;  but  the  personated  sovereign  is  rather 
too  theatrical  for  real  nature,  the  language  is  too  rhetorical  and 
amplified,  the  periods  too  artificially  elaborated.  None  but  scholars 
8R47  pract!?.al  }vriters  employ  such  a  style  as  this."— Ed.  M,  Lm., 

Here  we  had  intended  to  stop.  But  fearful  that  the  last 
quotation  may  settle  the  question  with  our  reader,  and  hav 
ing  a  charitable  desire  to  leave  him  in  the  same  pleasing 
uncertainty  with  which  we  shall  dismiss  him  from  the  Ju 
nius  controversy— in  the  same  state,  in  short,  in  which  we 
find  ourselves — we  throw  out  for  his  consideration  the  fol 
lowing  comment,  which  has  at  least  the  authority  of  a  great 
name: 

"  To  go  no  further  for  a  testimony,  let  his  own  writings  witness 
which  speak  him  no  less  an  author  than  a  monarch,  composed  with 
such  a  commanding  majestic  pathos,  as  if  they  had  been  writ  nol 
with  a  pen  but  with  a  sceptre,  and  for  those  whose  virulent  and 
ridiculous  calumnies  ascribe  that  incomparable  piece  to  others,  ] 
say  it  is  a  sufficient  argument  that  those  did  not  write  it  because 
they  could  not."— SOUTH. 

Since  we  prepared  the  above  article  for  the  press,  Mr, 


Macaulay  has  pub.  vols.  Hi.  and  iv.  of  his  Hist,  of  Eng 
land,  (Lon.,  Dec.  1855,)  and  in  this  learned  and  instructive 
work  we  find  the  following  expression  of  opinion  upon 
that  vexed  question  above  noticed : 

"  In  that  year  [1692]  an  honest  old  clergyman  named  Walker, 
who  had,  in  the  time  of  the  Commonwealth,  been  Gauden's  curate, 
wrote  a  book  which  convinced  all  sensible  and  dispassionate  readers 
that  Gauden,  and  not  Charles  the  First,  was  the  author  of  the  Icon 
Basilike." 

Gaule,  John,  wrote  several  works  on  theology,  witch 
craft,  and  astrology,  1628-60.  See  Bibl.  Brit.,  and  Lon. 
Retrosp.  Review,  iv.  223-30,  1821,  for  a  notice  of  his  Dis 
tractions;  or,  the  Holy  Madnesse,  1629,  8vo. 

"  John  Gaule  seems  to  have  thought  that  the  art  of  pleasing  was 
wrapt  up  in  a  pun,  or  in  marshalling  an  overpowering  collection 
of  epithets  in  'battalous  array.'" — Ubi  supra. 
Gaunt,  John.     Three  Serms.,  1769,  8vo. 
Gauntlett,  Henry,  Vicar  of  Olney.    1.  Serm.,  Oxon., 
1809,  8vo.     2.  Proverbs  of  Solomon,  with  Observ.,  1813. 
3.  Expos,  of  the  Book  of  Revelation;  being  the  substance 
of  44  Discourses,  2d  ed.,  1821,  r.  8vo ;  4th  ed.,  revised, 
since  pub. 

"  Very  much  on  the  plan  of  Bishop  Newton  and  Scott — practical 
and  useful." — Bicker steth's  Chris.  Stu. 

"  His  interpretations  of  the  prophecies,  whether  fulfilled  or  ex 
pected  to  be  so,  are  mostly  supported  by  venerable  authorities ; 
and  where  he  differs  from  them,  it  is  with  modesty  and  candour." 
—British  Review,  xviii.  390. 

Gavin,  Antony.  Master  Key  to  Popery,  Lon.,  1725- 
26,  3  vols.  8vo;  3d  ed.  of  vol.  i.,  1729. 

"  An  extraordinary  work,  exposing  the  system  of  Popery." 
Gavner,  John.    The  100  Weight  Fraction-Book,  1815. 
Gawen,  Nicholas.     Christ's  Pre-eminence  Asserted 
and  Vindicated,  Oxon.,  1668,  fol. 

Gawler,  Wm.     Harmonia  Sacra,  1781,  4to. 
Gawton,  Richard.     The  Lord's  Supper,  1612,  8vo. 
Gay,  Ebenezer,  D.D.,  1696-1787,  minister  of  Hing- 
ham,  Mass.     Serms.,  Ac.,  1725-81. 

"  Dr.  Chauncy  pronounces  him  to  have  been  one  of  the  greatest 
and  most  valuable  men  in  the  country."  See  Allen's  Ainer.  Biog 
Diet,  and  authorities  there  cited. 

Gay,  John,  1688-1732,  a  native  of  Barnstaple,  the 
descendant  of  the  ancient  family  of  the  Le  Gays  of  Oxford 
and  Devonshire,  was  at  an  early  age  apprenticed  to  a  silk- 
mercer  in  London.  A  brief  experience  proved  both  to 
himself  and  his  master  that  he  was  ill  suited  for  the  duties 
of  active  life,  and,  obtaining  a  discharge  from  his  inden 
tures,  he  determined  to  follow  his  literary  inclinations. 
The  amiability  and  unobtrusiveness  of  his  character  re 
commended  him  to  the  friendship  of  Pope,  Swift,  and 
other  wits  of  the  day,  and  his  new  attachments  were 
strengthened  by  the  evidence  of  poetical  abilities  displayed 
in  his  Rural  Sports,  a  descriptive  poem  addressed  to  Pope, 
and  pub.  in  1711.  In  the  next  year  he  obtained  the  situa 
tion  of  domestic  secretary  to  the  Duchess  of  Monmouth ; 
and  two  years  later  produced  The  Fan;  a  Poem,  and  The 
Shepherd's  Week,  in  VI.  Pastorals.  Trivia;  or,  the  Art 
of  Walking  the  Streets,  appeared  in  the  succeeding  year. 

But  during  this  period  he  had  not  neglected  the  stage — 
a  successful  appearance  on  which  was  the  great  object  of 
ambition  to  the  poets  of  his  day  and  the  preceding  reigns. 
In  1713  his  comedy  of  the  Wife  of  Bath  had  been  con 
demned  ;  but  in  the  next  year  the  play  of  What  D'ye  Call 
It?  a  kind  of  mock  tragedy,' met  with  better  success,  and 
was  honoured  by  the  presence  of  the  Prince  and  Princess 
of  Wales.  Encouraged  by  his  good  fortune,  he  presented 
the  town,  in  1717,  with  the  comedy  of  Three  Hours  after 
Marriage.  This  piece  proved  a  failure,  and  Gay  bore  all 
the  disgrace  attaching  to  want  of  success ;  although  Pope 
and  Arbuthnot  would  probably  have  claimed  a  share  in 
the  authorship  had  any  laurels  been  forthcoming.  How 
ever,  Gay's  wounded  feelings  were  somewhat  soothed  by 
a  profit  of  £1000  on  an  edition  of  his  Poems,  pub.  by  sub 
scription  in  1720 ;  and  he  also  received  about  this  time  a 
present  from  Mr.  Secretary  Craggs  of  some  South  Sea 
stock.  His  interest  in  this  famous  bubble  was  supposed 
to  be  worth  £20,000,  but,  not  willing  to  accept  this  sum, 
he  held  his  stock,  and  soon  found  it  to  be  utterly  worth 
less.  In  1724  he  wrote  the  tragedy  of  The  Captives,  which 
was  tolerably  successful  on  the  stage,  and  seems  to  have 
pleased  the  Princess  of  Wales,  who  heard  it  read  by  the 
author  in  MS. ;  for  she  engaged  him  to  write  for  the  bene 
fit  of  the  Duke  of  Cumberland,  then  an  infant,  some  fables 
in  verse.  This  was  the  origin  of  the  Fables,  by  which, 
next  to  the  Beggar's  Opera,  Gay  is  best  known  to  the  pre 
sent  generation. 

The  famous  play  just  named  was  produced  in  November, 
1727,  and  immediately  took  the  town  by  storm,  enjoying 
a  run  of  no  less  than  sixty-three  nights.  The  author  and 
his  friends  were  in  ecstasies.  The  ladies  carried  about  the 


GAY 


GED 


favourite  songs  in  fans,  the  morals  of  thousands  of  hope 
ful  young  people  were  corrupted  for  life,  and,  as  if  nobility 
itself  must  make  a  costly  offering  to  the  shrine  of  infamy 
— Lavinia  Fenton,  (the  Polly  Peachum  of  the  play,)  a 
notorious  unmarried  courtesan  who  had  long  known  ma 
ternal  responsibilities,  was  led  to  the  altar  in  pomp  by  the 
Right  Hon.  Lord  Charles,  third  Duke  of  Bolton. 

We  are  not  ignorant  that  the  injurious  influences  which 
we  charge  upon  the  Beggar's  Opera  have  been  denied  j  and 
this  might  surprise  us  if  any  thing  in  the  way  of  effrontery 
or  sophistry  could  now  excite  our  wonder.  But  the  fact 
which  we  are  about  to  quote  is  worth  more  than  all  the 
special  pleading  which  has  been  lavished  upon  such  sub 
jects  from  the  days  of  John  D'Urfey  to  the  present  gene 
ration  : 

"  In  the  year  1773,  Sir  John  Fielding  told  the  bench  of  Justices 
that  he  had  written  to  Mr.  Garrick  concerning  the  impropriety  of 
performing  the  Beggar's  Opera,  which  never  was  represented  with 
out  creating  an  additional  number  of  thieves ;  and  they  particularly 
requested  that  he  would  desist  from  performing  that  opera  on 
Saturday  evening.  Such  also  were  the  fears  of  the  church  as  to  the 
effects  of  this  play,  that  Dr.  Herring,  then  Archbishop  of  Canter 
bury,  preached  a  sermon  against  it;  and  Beau  Swift  was  writing 
in  favour  of  it  in  the  Intelligencer. 

"Gay  was  called,  in  consequence  of  it,  the  Orpheus  of  Highway 
men." 

But  excepting  fame — or  disgrace,  as  we  should  term  it 
— Mr.  Gay  received  but  little  compensation  for  the  mis 
chievous  effects  produced  by  the  Beggar's  Opera.  He 
pocketed  but  £400,  and  perhaps  this  was  hardly  sufficient 
to  soothe  the  compunctious  visitings  naturally  excited  by 
such  evil  agency.  He  therefore  wrote  a  sequel  to  the  Beg 
gar's  Opera,  entitled  Polly,  the  representation  of  which 
was  forbidden — for  political  reasons. — by  the  Lord- Cham 
berlain.  This  refusal  excited  the  ire  of  the  party  in  op 
position,  and  a  profit  of  £1100  or  £1200  accrued  to  Gay 
from  the  publication  of  the  prohibited  piece.  Nor  was 
this  his  only  triumph.  The  Duke  and  Duchess  of  Queens- 
berry  adopted  him  as  a  member  of  their  family,  and  his 
Grace  became  pecuniary  guardian  of  the  poet,  who,  like 
most  poets,  knew  not  how  to  keep  his  money.  His  lord 
ship  proved  so  able  a  financier,  that  on  his  death,  Dec.  4, 
1732,  Gay  left  a  property  of  £3000.  In  addition  to  the 
works  already  noticed,  he  wrote  The  Distressed  Wife,  a 
Comedy;  Achilles,  an  Opera ;  Dione,  a  Pastoral,  <fcc. ;  and 
many  songs  and  ballads.  The  best-known  specimen  of 
his  prose  is  the  letter — in  which  he  was  assisted  by  Pope 
— from  Lord  Harcourt's  seat  in  Oxfordshire,  giving  an 
account  of  the  death  of  two  village  lovers  by  a  stroke  of 
lightning.  Among  his  minor  poems  may  be  instanced 
The  Hare  with  many  Friends,  The  Court  of  Death,  and 
Black-Eyed  Susan.  As  a  poet,  his  merits  were  great;  as 
a  man,  he  was  indolent,  amiable,  and  irresolute  j  as  a 
moralist,  he  is  entitled  to  no  consideration  whatever.  He 
lived  with  no  higher  purpose  than  to  please,  and  died  with 
the  consciousness  that  he  had  done  little  or  nothing  to 
profit  or  instruct. 

His  Poems  on  several  occasions  were  pub.  in  1720,  2 
vols.  4to;  Miscellanies,  by  Swift,  Pope,  Arbuthnot,  and 
Gay,  1727,  3  vols.  8vo;  Gay's  Works,  1722-25,  6  vols. 
12mo;  Poems,  1727,  2  vols.  12mo;  1737,  2  vols.  8vo ; 
1762,  2  vols.  12mo;  1767,  2  vols.  12mo;  Miscell.  Works, 
1773,  4  vols.  12mo;  Poems  never  printed,  1820,  12mo; 
Fables,  1727-38,  2  vols.  4to;  1733-38,  2  vols.  8vo;  with 
Notes  and  Life  of  the  Author  by  W.  Coxe,  1796,  12mo } 
new  ed.,  with  memoir  by  0.  F.  Owen,  Lon.,  1854,  12mo. 
They  have  been  trans,  into  Latin,  Italian,  and  French;  a 
trans,  en  vers  Francais,  par  le  Chevalier  de  Chatelain, 
was  pub.  by  Mr.  Whittaker  in  London,  1853,  12mo.  For 
other  eds.  of  Gay's  Fables,  pieces  pub.  separately,  <fcc.,  see 
Bibl.  Brit.,  Lowndes's  Bibl.  Man.,  and  authorities  sub 
joined. 

"  As  a  poet  he  cannot  be  rated  very  high.  He  was,  as  I  once 
heard  a  female  critic  remark,  '  of  a  lower  order.'  He  had  not  in 
any  degree  the  mens  divinior,  the  dignity  of  genius.  Much,  how 
ever,  must  be  allowed  to  the  author  of  a  new  species  of  composi 
tion,  though  it  be  not  of  the  highest  kind.  We  owe  to  Gay  the 
Ballad  Opera;  a  mode  of  comedy  which  at  first  was  supposed  to 
delight  only  by  its  novelty,  but  has  now  by  the  experience  of 
half  a  century  been  so  well  accommodated  to  the  disposition  of  a 
popular  audience,  that  it  is  likely  to  keep  long  possession  of  the 
stage." — Dr.  Johnson's  Life  of  Gay. 

But  Dr.  Wharton  condemns  the  Beggar's  Opera  as  the 
parent  of  "that  most  monstrous  of  all  absurdities,  the 
Comic  Opera." 

"Gay's  Fables  are  certainly  a  work  of  great  merit  both  as  to  the 
quantity  of  invention  implied,  and  as  to  the  elegance  and  facility 
of  the  execution.  They  are,  however,  spun  out  too  long;  the  de 
scriptions  and  narrative  are  too  diffusive  and  desultory ;  and  the 
moral  is  sometimes  without  point  They  are  more  like  Tales  than 
Fables.  The  best  are,  perhaps,  The  Hare  with  many  Friends,  the 
Monkeys,  and  the  Fox  at  the  Point  of  Death.  His  Pastorals  are 


pleasing  and  poetical.  But  his  capital  work  is  his  Beggar's  Opera." 
Hazlitfs  Lect.  on  the  Eng.  Poets. 

See  Biog.  Brit. ;  Swift's  Works ;  Pope's  Works ;  Spence's 
Anecdotes;  Mischiefs  arising  from  his  Beggar's  Opera, 
Lon.  Gent.  Mag.,  vol.  xliii. ;  Hewitt's  Homes  and  Haunts 
of  eminent  Brit.  Poets;  Thackeray's  Humorists  of  the 
18th  century. 

Gay,  John.  Miniature  Pictures,  newly  adapted  to  the 
most  Fashionable  and  Public  Characters  of  both  sexes,  now 
living,  1780,  4to. 

Gay,  Joseph.  The  Confederates ;  a  Farce,  Lon.,  1717, 
8vo.  We  have  already  noticed  this  play,  and  other  works, 
under  the  real  name  of  the  author,  Capt.  JOHN  DURANT  DE 
BREVAL. 

Gay,  Nicholas.     Union  between  G.  B.  and  Ire.,  1799. 

Gay,  Win.     Eleven  Serms.,  Lon.,  1655,  8vo. 

Gayarre,  Charles  E.  Arthur,  b.  Jan.  3,  1805,  at 
New  Orleans,  is  a  descendant  of  one  of  the  most  an 
cient  and  historical  families  of  the  State  of  Louisiana,  and 
has  held  many  high  posts  of  honour  in  his  native  State. 
1.  Historical  Essay  on  Louisiana,  in  French,  New  Orleans, 
1830,  2  vols.  12mo.  2.  History  of  Louisiana,  in  French, 
1846,  2  vols.  8vo. 

"  This  work  begins  with  the  discovery  of  Louisiana,  and  comes 
down  to  1769,  when  the  Spaniards  took  final  possession  of  the 
colony.  It  gives  a  full  and  authentic  account  of  the  French  domiua- 
tion  in  Louisiana,  and  contains  many  interesting  documents  which 
are  thus  preserved  in  the  vernacular  language  of  the  first  settlers." 

3.  Romance  of  the  history  of  Louisiana,  New  York,  1848. 

4.  Louisiana:  its  history  as  a  French  Colony,  1851,  8vo. 

5.  Louisiana :  its  history  as  a  French  Colony ;  2d  series, 
1852,  8vo.     6.  History  of  Louisiana,  (French  domination,) 
1854,  2  vols.  8vo.     7.  History  of  Louisiana,  (Spanish  do 
mination,)  1854,  8vo.     8.  School  for  Politics;  a  Dramatic 
Novel,  1854.     9.  Influence  of  the  Mechanic  Arts  on  the 
Human  Race,  1854.     Mr.  Gayarre  has  also  pub.  several 
political  addresses,  <fec. 

Gayler,  Charles,  b.  1820,  in  New  York.  At  an 
early  age  commenced  to  write  for  the  stage  while  editing 
a  newspaper  in  Cincinnati ;  and,  returning  to  his  native 
city  in  1850,  has  since  been  there  connected  with  the 
newspaper  and  periodical  press.  Has  written  upwards  of 
forty  dramatic  pieces  of  various  kinds,  every  one  of  which 
has  been  successful  on  representation.  Among  those  which 
have  been  published  between  1846  and  '58  are  The  Gold- 
Hunters,  a  Drama;  the  operetta  of  The  Frightened  Fiend; 
Taking  the  Chances,  a  Comedy ;  The  Love  of  a  Prince,  a 
Comedy ;  The  Son  of  the  Night,  a  Drama ;  Galieno  Fa- 
liero,  a  Tragedy ;  and  Isms,  a  Comedy. 

Gaylord,  Lewis,  and  Luther  Tucker.  American 
Husbandry;  being  a  series  of  Essays,  &c.  designed  for 
its  Improvement,  N.  York,  2  vols.  18mo. 

Gayton,  Edmund,  or  De  Specioa  Villa,  1609- 
1666,  wrote  a  number  of  humorous  works,  1645-63,  of 
which  the  Festivious  Notes  upon  Don  Quixote,  1654,  Ac., 
is  the  best  known.  Wood  tells  us  that,  when  turned  out 
of  employment,  he 

"Lived  in  London  in  a  sharking  condition,  and  wrote  trite 
things  merely  to  get  bread  to  sustain  him  and  his  wife." — Athen, 
Oxon. 

Who  would  believe  such  presumption  possible  ?  Why 
did  not  Anthony  teach  "him  and  his  wife"  how  to  live 
without  "  bread"  ?  No  marvel  that  his  honest  indigna 
tion  was  aroused !  Some  of  Gayton's  works  now  bring 
high  prices.  See  Athen.  Oxon. ;  Bibl.  Brit. ;  Lowndes's 
Bibl.  Man.;  Lon.  Gent.  Mag.,  Ivii.  399. 

Geach,  Francis,  M.D.,  d.  1798,  of  Plymouth,  Eng 
land,  pub.  several  profess,  treatises,  1766-81.  See  Bibl. 
Brit. 

Geard,  John.  The  Beauties  of  Matt.  Henry,  with 
his  Life,  Character,  Labours  and  Death,  Lon.,  1797,  8vo. 

Geare,  Allen.  Ebenezer;  or,  preserv.  from  Ship 
wreck.  See  Osborne's  Voyages,  ii.  787 ;  1746. 

Geare,  Rev.  E.  Parents'  Complaint,  Lon.,  1848. 12mo. 

Gearing,  Wm.     Serms.,  Lon.,  1660-73. 

Gedde,  John.    Works  on  Bees,  1675,  1721. 

Gedde,  Walter.     See  GIDDE. 

Geddes,  Alexander,  1737-1802,  a  Roman  Catholic 
divine,  was  suspended  from  all  ecclesiastical  functions  after 
the  publication  of  vol.  i.  of  his  trans,  of  the  Bible  with 
Notes,  which  gave  great  offence  to  Christians  generally. 

1.  The  Holy  Bible;  trans,  from  the  original,  with  Notes, 
Remarks,  &c.,  Lon.,  1792-97,  2  vols.  4to.  2.  Critical  Re 
marks  on  the  Hebrew  Scriptures,  1800,  4to.  3.  New  Trans, 
of  the  Psalms,  with  Notes,  Ac.,  1807,  8vo. 

Geddes  did  not  complete  his  design.  The  books  trans, 
are  those  from  Genesis  to  Chronicles,  and  the  Book  of  Ruth. 

"  Geddes's  version  is  admitted  to  contain  many  happy  render 
ings,  many  just  emendations  of  the  text,  and  many  profound  and 


GED 


GEL 


ingenious  observations  on  its  sense,  and  to  discover  a  profound  ! 
knowledge  in  the  Hebrew  language.     But  the  propriety  of  the 
greater  part,  both  of  his  emendations  and  interpretations,  has  been  i 
questioned." — CHARLES  BUTLER. 

"  Dr.  Geddes  applied  the  whole  weight  of  his  learning  and  talents 
to  an  artful  attack  upon  the  Divine  authority  of  the  Scriptures,  j 
Through  the  medium  of  a  new  translation  he  strives  to  shew  that  i 
these  Scriptures  are  entitled  to  no  other  respect  or  veneration  than 
what  is  due  to  them  as  curious  remains  of  antiquity."— Bishop 
Van  Mflderfs  Boyle  Lectures. 

"The  volume  of  Remarks  only  comprehends  the  Pentateuch. 
It  is  in  these  remarks  that  the  sentiments  of  the  translator  are  '' 
most  offensively  stated.     All  the  freedom  of  the  modern  conti-  ! 
nental  critics  is  used  with  the  sacred  writings,  without  the  veil 
of  a  foreign  language  interposed,  to  conceal  its  unsightliness." — 
Orme"s  Bibl.  Bib. 

Dr.  Boothroyd,  in  his  trans.,  has  availed  himself  of  the 
labours  of  Geddes,  but  has  not  been  misled  by  his  errors. 
A  review  of  Geddes's  trans.,  attributed  to  Bishop  Horsley, 
appeared  in  the  British  Critic,  vols.  iv.,  xiv.,  xix.,  and  xx. 
In  Dr.  John  Mason  Good's  Life  of  Geddes,  1804,  8vo,  will 
be  found  some  valuable  criticisms  on  his  writings.  Ani 
madversions  on  Geddes's  trans,  were  reprinted  in  1803, 
8vo,  from  the  British  Critic  for  1802. 

Geddes's  trans,  of  the  Psalms  noticed  above,  a  posthu 
mous  publication,  edited  by  Dr.  Disney  and  Charles  Butler, 
extends  only  to  the  llth  verse  of  Psalm  cxviii. ;  the  rest  is 
added  from  an  interleaved  copy  of  Bishop  Wilson's  Bible 
corrected  by  Dr.  G. 

"Though  many  things  have  displeased  us  in  the  perusal  of  this 
work,  we  are  not  prepared  to  say  that  the  learned  editors  should 
have  altogether  withheld  this  new  version  from  the  public.  Dr. 
Geddes  was  undoubtedly  a  considerable  scholar,  and  his  lucubra 
tions  may  be  turned  by  other  scholars  to  good  account,  though 
they  cannot  be  implicitly  adopted."— British  Critic,  0.  S.,  xxiii.  358. 
Dr.  G.  also  pub.  trans,  from  Homer,  Horace,  Ac.,  Letters, 
Serms.,  &c.,  for  an  account  of  which  see  Bibl.  Brit,  and 
Good's  Life  of  Geddes. 

Geddes,  James,  1710-1749,  a  Scotch  advocate.  An 
Essay  on  the  Composition  and  Manner  of  Writing  of  the 
Ancients,  particularly  Plato,  Glasg.,  1748,  8vo.  Highly 
commended. 

Geddes,  Michael,  D.D.,  d.  1715,  a  native  of  Scot 
land,  Chancellor  of  the  Ch.  of  Sarum.  1.  Hist,  of  the  Ch. 
of  Malabar,  from  the  Portuguese,  Lon.,  1694,  8vo.  2.  Hist, 
of  the  Ch.  of  Ethiopia,  Ac.,  1696,  8vo.  3.  The  Council  of 
Trent  no  Free  Assembly,  Ac.,  1697,  1714,  8vo.  4.  Miscell. 
Tracts,  1702,  '05,  '06,  3  vols.  8vo.  Reprinted,  3  vols.  8vo, 
1714,  '30.  5.  Tracts  against  Popery,  1715,  8vo.  Robert 
Southey  greatly  admired  Geddes,  and  frequently  quotes  his 
works. 

Geddes,  Win.  Saints  Recreation,  3d  part;  upon  the 
State  of  Grace,  Edin.,  1683,  4to.  All  pub. 

Geddes,  Wm.,  M.D.,  late  surgeon  of  the  Madras  Eu 
ropean  Regiment.  Clinical  Illustrations  of  the  Diseases 
of  India,  Lon.,  1846,  8vo. 

"  A  more  elaborate  display  of  medical  statistics  has  rarely  been 
given  to  the  public.  ...  As  a  vast  amount  of  facts,  the  book  is 
really,  we  believe,  unrivalled.1' — Lon.  Spectator. 

Gee,  Alex.     Ground  of  Christianitie,  1594? 
Gee,  Edward,  D.D.     Serms.,  Ac.,   1620,  '53,  '58. 
Steps  of  Ascension  to  God;  or,  a  Ladder  to  Heaven. 

"Printed  at  least  27  times,  mostly  in  a  manual,  or  in  a  vol.  called 
twen ty -fours :  the  27th  edit,  came  out  in  1677." — Athen.  Oxon. 

Gee,  Edward,  Rector  of  St.  Benedict,  London.  Trea 
tises  against  the  Jesuits,  Ac.,  Lon.,  1687-92. 

Gee,  J.  Impositions  on  Parliament,  1765,  8vo. 
Gee,  John,  d.  1639,  a  clergyman  of  the  Church  of 
England,  embraced  Roman  Catholic  opinions,  but  subse 
quently  renounced  them,  and  pub.  a  warning  to  Protest 
ants,  Ac.,  entitled  The  Foot  out  of  the  Snare;  or,  Detection 
of  Practices  and  Impostures  of  Priests  and  Jesuits,  Lon., 
1624,  4to.  There  was  pub.  with  this,  A  Gentle  Excuse  to 
Mr.  Gregg,  Ac.,  and  the  two  were 

"  Printed  four  times  in  the  said  year,  1624,  because  all  the  copies, 
or  most  of  them,  were  bought  up  by  R,  Catholics."— Athen.  Oxon,  q.v. 
Gee  also  pub.  a  Serm.,  1624,  4to,  and  New  Shreds,  Ac., 
1624,  4to. 

Gee,  Joshua,  minister  in  Boston,  d.  1748,  aged  50. 
Serms.,  Lett  to  N.  Eells,  Ac.,  1728-43. 

Gee,  Joshua.  The  Trade  and  Navigation  of  G. 
Britain  Considered,  Lon.,  1729,  '30,  8vo;  Glasg.,  1735,  '60, 
8vo;  1767,  12mo. 

"The  account  given  in  it  of  the  state  of  our  trade  is,  for  the  most 
part,  as  deceptive  as  the  means  suggested  for  its  improvement  are 
illiberal  and  inefficient."— McCuOocWs  Lit.  of  Polit.  Econ.,  q.  v. 
Geere,  John.     Answer  to  Godwin,  Lon.,  1649,  4to. 
Geffe,  Nicholas.     Silk-Worms,  Lon.,  1607,  4to. 
Geikie,  Archibald.  The  Story  of  a  Boulder,  Lon.,1858. 
"He  has  put  forth  known  facts  in  a  pleasing  manner  for  the 
beginner."- Lon.  Athen.,  1858,  Pt.  2,  237. 
Geld  art,  T.  C.  Scotch  Judicature  Bill,  Lon.,  1825, 8vo. 


Gel  dart,  Mrs.  Thomas,  has  pub.  Stories  of  England 
and  Ireland,  and  other  juvenile  works,  1849,  Ac. 

"  She  writes  as  one  who  understands  and  loves  children.  Her 
style  is  interesting;  her  moral  is  always  sound.'' — Notice  of  Stories 
of  England,  in  the  Lon.  Eclectic  Iteview. 

Gell,  John.  Causes  of  Insolvency  in  Retail  Business, 
Ac.,  Lon.,  1796,  8vo. 

Gell,  Philip.     Idiom  of  the  Hebrew,  Lon.,  1821,  8vo. 
Gell,  Robert,  D.D.,  of  London,  d.  1665.     1.  Serm., 
Lon.,  1650,  4to.     2.  Serm.,  1655,  4to.     3.  Essays  towards 
the  Amendment  of  the  Eng,  Trans,  of  the  Bible,  1659,  fol. 
4.  Remains  or  Select  Scrip,  of  the  N.  Test,  1676,  2  vols.  fol. 
"These  are  very  curious  books,  consisting  of  a  number  of  dis 
courses  on  particular  passages,  full  of  allegorical  and  cabalistica] 
illustrations,  along  with  some  ingenious  and  solid  criticisms.    Dr 
Gell  was  an  Arminian,  and  is  spoken  of  by  Mr.  Baxter  as  one  of 
the  sect-makers  of  the  time."—  Orme's  Bibl.  Bib. 

The  Remains  are  commended  by  John  Wesley.  Charles 
Wesley  took  hints  for  some  hymns  from  Gell's  Notes. 

Gell,  Sir  William,  1777-1836,  an  eminent  classical 
antiquary,  educated  at,  and  Fellow  of,  Emanuel  Coll.j 
Camb.,  was  knighted  in  1803;  subsequently,  to  1820,  h« 
resided  altogether  at  Rome  or  Naples.  1.  Topography  of 
Troy  and  its  Vicinity,  Lon.,  1804,  fol. 

"Gell's  Topography  of  Troy  and  Ithaca  cannot  fail  to  ensure  th< 
approbation  of  every  man  possessed  of  classical  taste,  as  well  foi 
the  information  Mr.  Gell  conveys  to  the  mind  of  the  reader  as  foi 
the  ability  and  research  the  respective  works  display ."— LORD  BYRON 
Reviewed  in  the  Edin.  Rev.,  and  Lon.  Quar.  Rev.  2.  Geo 
graphy  and  Antiq.  of  Ithaca,  1807,  4to. 

"  His  Geography  of  Ithaca  comprehends  a  full  survey  of  the  far 
famed  island  which  the  hero  of  the  Odyssey  has  immortalized ;  foi 
we  really  are  inclined  to  think  that  the  author  has  established  th< 
identity  of  the  modern  Theaki  with  the  Ithaca  of  Homer."— LORI 
BYRON. 

3.  Itinerary  of  Gree'ce,  1810,  r.  4to.  4.  Itinerary  of  th( 
Morea,  1817,  8vo.  5.  Attica,  1817,  fol.  6.  Tour  in  th( 
Morea,  1823,  8vo.  7.  Topography  of  Rome  and  its  VI 
cinity,  1834,  3  vols.  8vo  and  r.  8vo;  including  the  Map 
1840,  2  vols.  8vo;  with  the  Map.  New  ed.,  by  E.  H.  Bun 
bury,  1846,  8vo.  This  excellent  work  should  accompany 
Gibbon's  Decline  and  Fall.  To  say  nothing  of  the  fatigu< 
and  trouble  involved  in  this  undertaking,  the  expense  of 
surveys  and  measurement  alone  was  upwards  of  £500. 

:  These  volumes  are  so  replete  with  what  is  valuable,  that  wen 
we  to  employ  our  entire  journal,  we  could;  after  all,  afford  but ! 
meagre  indication  of  their  interest  and  worth." — Lon.  Lit.  Gazettt 
8.  By  Sir  Wm.  Gell  and  J.  P.  Gandy,  Pompeiana;  or 
descrip.  of  the  Topog.,  Edifices,  and  Ornaments  of  Pom 
peii,  1817-19,  2  vols.  in  1,  imp.  8vo  and  imp.  4to;  1824,  1 
vols.  r.  8vo ;  1852,  2  vols.  r.  8vo.  Second  series,  1830,  ! 
vols.  r.  8vo,  imp.  8vo,  and  4to.  The  value  of  these  works 
which  give  the  result  of  the  excavations  since  the  com 
mencement  in  1748,  need  not  be  enlarged  on.  By  thei 
aid,  he  who  stays  in  his  library  will  have  a  better  idea  o; 
Pompeii  than  he  who  visits  the  entombed  city  withou 
them.  Sir  Wm.  Gell  also  contributed  to  the  letter-press  o! 
the  illustrations  of  the  Antiquities  of  lona,  pub.  by  th 
Society  of  Dilettanti,  (of  which  he  was  a  member,)  1797- 
1840,  3  vols.  imp.  fol.,  pub.  at  £21.  In  this  work  will  b 
found  the  illustrations  of  the  ruins  of  those  buildings  whicl 
were  distinguished  by  Vitruvius  and  other  ancient  writer 
for  their  elegance  and  magnificence;  such  as  the  Tempi 
of  Bacchus,  at  Teos,  the  country  of  Anacreon ;  the  Tempi 
dedicated  to  Minerva,  at  Priene,  by  Alexander  of  Macedon 
and  the  Temple  of  Apollo  Didymaeus,  near  Miletus. 

"Gell's  notions  of  authorship  were  of  a  very  aristocratic  natun 
All  his  works  were  brought  out  on  so  large  and  extensive  a  sea] 
as  to  be  out  of  the  reach  of  that  class  of  readers  for  whom  his  top< 
graphical  and  antiquarian  researches  would  have  been  especiall 
useful — for  travellers  in  those  countries  whose  remains  were  d< 
scribed  by  him." — Dr.  Madden1  s  Life  of  the  Countefs  of  Blessingtot 
where  will  be  found  some  interesting  notices  of  Gell.  Also  se 
Willis's  Pencillings  by  the  Way;  Byron's  Hours  of  Idleness  an 
Notes;  and  an  obituary  notice  of  Sir  Wm.  in  the  Lon.  Gent.  Mag 
June,  1836,  665,  666. 

Gellibrand,  Henry,  1597-1636,  a  native  of  Londor 
educated  at  Trin.  Coll.,  Oxf.,  became  curate  of  Chidding 
stone,  Kent;  Prof,  of  Astronomy  at  Gresbam  Coll.,  1(521 
He  pub.  An  Appendix  concerning  Longitude,  1633,  A 
Institution  Trigonometrical,  1634,  '52,  a  Discourse  Ma 
thematical,  1635,  An  Epitome  of  Navigation,  1674,  '9£ 
and  a  Latin  Oration  in  praise  of  the  Astronomy  of  Gas 
sendus;  but  is  best  known  as  a  writer  by  his  completio: 
of  Henry  Briggs's  Trigonometric  Britannicse,  of  which  w 
have  already  treated  in  the  proper  place.  See  Ather 
Oxon.;  Biog.  Brit;  Ward's  Gresham  Professors;  Martin' 
Biog.  Philosophica. 

Gellibrand,  Joseph.     Poem,  Lon.,  1783,  4to. 
Gellius,  John.  1.  Apologia,  Ac.,  Rupellae,  1605,  8v< 
2.  Epith.  in  Nuptias  Fred.  V.,  Heidelb.,  1613,  4to.     3.  Ac 
clamatio  ad  Jacobum  I.,  Edin.,  1617,  4to. 


GEL 


GER 


Gellman,  James.     Bite  of  Rabid  Animals,  1812. 

Gem,  Richard.     The  Stone,  Lon.,  1741. 

Gemmil,  John.     Con.  to  Ed.  Med.  Ess.,  1736. 

Genest,  P.  Account  of  the  English  Stage,  1660- 
1830,  Bath,  1832,  10  vols.  8vo.  This  work  commences 
•where  Collier's  ends.  Mr.  G.  is  said  to  have  spent  his 
whole  life  in  collecting  materials  for  this  history.  He 
might  have  made  a  much  better  use  of  his  time.  Since 
writing  the  above,  we  meet  with  the  following : 

"  A  more  remarkable  instance  of  waste  of  time  and  paper  we 
never  remember."— ion.  Athenceum,  Oct.  19, 1833.  See  this  caustic 

Geneste,  M.  The  Parallel  Histories  of  Judah  and 
Israel,  Lon.,  1843,  2  vols.  8vo. 

"  Useful  in  pointing  out  the  times  when  the  Prophets  lived." — 
Bickerstetlts  Chris.  Stu. 

Genevais,  J.  A.     Navigation,  Lon.,  1769,  8vo. 
Gengembre,  P.  W..  Prof,  of  Foreign  Languages  in 
Girard  Coll.,  Phila.,  and  J.  H.  Brown.      Elements  of 
English   Grammar,    Phila.,   1855,   12mo.      Highly   com 
mended  by  President  W.  H.  Allen  of  Girard  College,  and 
by  many  teachers  of  the  public  schools  of  Phila. 
Genings,  J.     Life  of  E.  Genings,  1614,  4to. 
Gent.     Vindic.  of  Europe  and  G.  Brit.,  1803. 
Gent,  Thomas,  1691-1778,  a  printer  and  antiquary 
of  York.      1.  Hist,  of  York,  Lon.,  1703,  8vo.      2.  Hist,  of 
Rippon,  <fcc.,  York,  1733,  8vo.     3.  Hist,  of  Kingston-upon- 
Hull,  1735,  8vo.     4.  Hist,  of  Eng.  and  Rome,  1741,  2  vols. 
12mo.     5.  Hist,  of  the  great  Eastern  Window  of  St.  Peter's 
Cathedral,  1762,   8vo.      6.  Life  of  St.  Robert  of  Knares- 
borough,  <fcc.,  12mo.     7.  Job,  a  Poem.     8.  Autobiography, 
1832,  8vo.     Other  works. 

"His  autobiography  is  as  characteristic  as  John  Dunton's.  and, 
like  it,  contains  much  information  relating  to  the  state  of  the  press 
in  his  days,  and  the  trade  of  literature." — Southey's  Doctor,  q.  v. 
Gent,  Thomas.     Poetic  Sketches,  1806,  '07,  '11. 
Gentil.     Solitary  or  Carthusian  Gardener;  being  Dia 
logues  between  a  Gentleman  and  Gardener,  1706,  8vo. 

Gentilis,  Albericus,  LL.D.,  1550-1611,  an  Italian 
lawyer,  was  in  1587  appointed  by  Queen  Elizabeth  Prof, 
of  Civil  Law  at  Oxford,  where  he  lectured  for  twenty-four 
years.  He  pub.  De  Jure  Belli,  and  some  other  works  in 
Latin.  See  Athen.  Oxon. 

Gentilis,  Robert,  1590-1654,  son  of  the  preceding, 
trans.  Servita's  Hist,  of  the  Inquisition,  and  some  other 
works,  into  English.  See  Athen.  Oxon. 

Gentleman,  Francis,  1728-1784,  a  soldier,  actor, 
and  author.     1.  Characters;  an  Epistle,  Lon.,  1766,  4to. 
2.  Royal  Fables,  1766,  8vo. 
"  Poetical  productions  of  very  considerable  merit." 
3.  Dramatic  Censor,  1770,  2  vols.  8vo.      4.  Ed.  of  Shak- 
speare's  Plays,  pub.  by  Bell,  1774-75. 

"  The  worst  edition  that  ever  appeared  of  any  English  author." 
—Sing.  Dramat. 

This  is  saying  a  great  deal. 

Gentleman,  Robert.  1.  Scholar's  Companion,  1788, 
12mo.  2.  Addresses  to  Youth,  Lon.,  1792,  12mo. 

Gentleman,  Tobias.  1.  The  Best  Way  to  make 
England  the  most  Wealthy  Kingdom  of  Europe,  by  ad 
vancing  the  Fishing  Trade,  Lon.,  fol.  2.  England's  Way 
to  Win  Wealth  and  to  employ  Ships  and  Mariners,1614,4to. 
Geoffrey  de  Vinsauf,  temp.' Richard  I.,  is  supposed 
by  some  to  have  written  several  works,  but  we  can  only 
attribute  to  him  with  certainty  a  metrical  Latin  treatise 
on  the  art  of  poetry,  which  bears  the  name  of  Nova  Poe- 
taria.  For  edits.,  and  an  account  and  specimens  of  this 
treatise,  see  Wright's  Biog.  Brit.  Lit.  There  are  many 
MSS.  of  it  extant. 

"  It  is,  however,  a  heavy,  tiresome  poem,  and  is  only  interesting 
as  being  the  key  to  the  general  style  of  the  Latin  poetical  writers 
of  the  thirteenth  century  which  was  formed  on  the  rules  given  in 
this  work." — Ubi  supra. 

Geoffrey  Gaimar,  a  distinguished  trouvlre  of  the 
reign  of  Stephen,  was  the  first  who  pub.  an  Anglo-Norman 
version  of  the  History  of  the  British  Kings  by  Geoffrey 
of  Monmouth.  See  the  Ancient  romance  of  Havelok  the 
Dane,  <fec.,  with  an  Introduc.,  <fcc.,  by  Fred.  Madden,  Esq. : 
printed  for  the  Roxburghe  Club,  Lon.,  1828,  4to;  the  por 
tion  of  Gaimar  which  relates  to  the  story  of  Havelok; 
Chroniques  Anglo-Normandie,  Rouen,  1835,  8vo  ;  Collec. 
of  Historians,  ed.  by  order  of  the  Record  Commission, 
vol.  i.  pp.  764-829;  the  portion  of  the  history  previous  to 
the  Conquest,  with  the  concluding  lines  of  the  poem,  in 
which  the  author  speaks  of  himself  and  his  undertaking ; 
Wright's  Biog.  Brit.  Lit. 

Geoffrey,  or  Stephen,  Dean  of  Llandaff,  flourished 
1120,  wrote  a  Life  of  the  Welsh  saint  Telivaus  or  Teilo, 
and  is  said  to  have  composed  the  Register  of  the  Church 
of  Llandaff,  pub.  by  the  Rev.  W.  J.  Rees,  for  the  Welsh 


MSS.  Society,  Llandovery,  1840,  8vo.  See  Wharton's 
Angl.  Sac.,  ii.  662,  Lon.,  1691,  fol. 

Geoffrey  of  Monmouth,  d.  1154,  Archdeacon  of 
Monmouth,  was  made  Bishop  of  St.  Asaph  in  1152,  but 
afterwards  returned  to  the  monastery  of  Abingdon,  where 
he  was  abbot.  He  wrote  a  Latin  version  of  the  prophecies, 
<fec.  of  Merlin,  Chronicon  sive  Historia  Britonum,  (written 
about  1138  ?) ;  and  some  other  works  are  ascribed  to  him. 
His  History  became  very  popular,  and  there  are  few  works 
of  which  so  many  MSS.  are  extant.  Edits,  in  Latin,  Paris, 
1508,  4to;  1517,  4to;  Heidelb.,  1587,  fol.,  (in  Rerum  Bri- 
tan.,)  Ac.  For  a  particular  account  of  edits,  of  this  work 
and  its  author,  we  refer  to  Thompson's  Pref.  to  his  trans. ; 
Bale,  Pits,  and  Tanner;  Bp.  Nicolson's  Eng.  Hist.  Lib.; 
Warton's  Hi'st.  of  Eng.  Poetry ;  Wright's  Biog.  Brit.  Lit. 
Aaron  Thompson's  trans,  into  English  was  pub.  Lon., 
1718,  8vo.  New  ed.,  by  J.  A.  Giles,  LL.D.,  1842,  8vo. 

"  It  is  impossible  to  consider  Geoffrey  of  Monmouth's  History 
of  the  British  Kings  in  any  other  light  than  as  a  tissue  of  fables. 
Its  author  was  either  deceived  by  his  materials,  or  he  wished  to 
deceive  his  readers." — Biog.  Brit.  Lit. 

Both  Shakspeare  and  Milton  have  drawn  from  old 
Geoffrey's  Chronicle.  Of  the  Life  and  Prophecies  of  Mer 
lin,  forty-two  copies  were  printed  for  the  Roxburghe  Club 
in  1830,  4to. 

Geoghegan,  Edward.     Med.  treatises,  1801-10. 

George,  Anita,  Mrs.,  a  native  of  Cuba,  who  came 
to  the  U.  States  in  1848,  and  whilst  in  Boston  completed 
Memoirs  of  the  Queens  of  Spain,  with  Notes  by  Miss 
Pardoe,  Lon.,  1850,  2  vols.  8vo.  Severely  condemned  in 
the  London  Athenaeum,  1850,  918-19,  1375-76. 

"  It  is  unfortunate,  however,  for  the  present  writer  that  this 
portion  of  Spanish  history  should  have  been  so  ably  and  so  com 
pletely  gone  over  by  an  historian  of  such  high  standing  as  Mr. 
Prescott^and  we  can  easily  believe  the  hesitation  and  anxiety 
which  the  writer  modestly  tells  us  she  felt  in  entering  on  this 
part  of  her  task.  .  .  .  We  regret  that  Mrs.  George  should  so  re 
peatedly  throw  out  insinuations  as  to  the  integrity  of  Isabella's 
motives,  both  in  her  war  against  the  Moor,  and  in  the  severer 
measures  adopted  by  her  against  the  Jews.  Mr.  Prescott,  who 
certainly  has  had  access  to  every  document  which  could  throw 
light  on  her  character,  expressly  maintains  '  the  unsuspected  in 
tegrity  of  her  motives.' " — Ubi  supra. 

George,  John.     1.  Offence  of  Libel,  Lon.,  1812,  8vo. 

"  Too  much  praise  cannot  be  given  to  him  for  the  liberality  of 
the  principles  which  pervade  it."— Edin.  Rev.,  Oct.  1813. 

2.  Law  rel.  to  Joint  Stock  Companies,  2d  ed.,  1825,  8vo. 
3.  Cause  of  Dry  Rot  Discovered,  8vo. 

"  One  of  the  most  valuable  of  modern  improvements." — Lon. 
Gardener's  Mag..  April,  1829. 

George,  Wm.,  D.D.     Serms.,  1732,  '49. 

Georgeson,  Sir  P.  Defence  of  Parl.  In  Latin.  Trans, 
by  S.  Rand,  Lon.,  1692,  4to. 

Gerahty,  James.     Letter  to  Lord  Cottenham,  1845. 

Gerahty,  James.     See  GERATHY. 

Gerard,  Alexander,  D.D.,  1728-1795,  a  divine  of 
the  Ch.  of  Scotland;  Prof,  of  Philos.  in  Marischal  Coll., 
Aberdeen,  1750;  of  Divinity,  1760;  of  Divinity  in  King's 
Coll.,  Aberdeen,  1771.  1.  Essay  on  Taste,  Lon.,  1759,  8vo ; 
Edin.,  1764,  12mo;  1780,  8vo.  2.  Serms.,  1759-61.  3. 
Dissertations,  1766,  '67,  8vo.  4.  Essay  on  Genius,  1767, 
'74,  8vo.  5.  Serms.,  1776-78.  6.  19  Serms.,  Lon.,  1780- 
82,  2  vols.  8vo. 

"  His  Sermons  were  simple  and  plain,  adapted  to  the  common 
class  of  hearers,  but  so  accurate  as  to  secure  the  approbation  of 
the  ablest  judges." — CHALMERS. 

7.  Pastoral  Care,  ed.  by  Gilbert  Gerard,  1799,  8vo. 

"  In  this  highly  meritorious  work  the  able  author  has  rendered 
that  service  to  the  Church  of  Scotland  which  our  own  had  pre 
viously  derived  from  that  of  Bp.  Burnet." — Lowndes's  Brit.  Lib. 

8.  Evidences  of   Natural   and  Revealed  Religion,  by 
Alex.  Gerard,  D.D.,  and  Gilbert  Gerard,  D.D.,  1828,  8vo. 
See  Encyc.  Brit. 

Gerard,  Capt.  Alexander.  1.  Account  of  Koona- 
wur  in  the  Himalaya,  ed.  by  G.  Lloyd,  Lon.,  1841,  8vo. 

"If  the  adventures  through  which  Captain  Gerard  passed  had 
been  in  the  hands  of  some  of  our  book-makers,  what  three-tomed 
ad-captandum  exploits  they  would  have  carved  out  of  them !  What 
pencillings  Willis  would  have  made  from  Captain  Gerard's  expe 
riences  !"— Lon.  Atlas,  Nov.  13, 1841. 

2.  Capt.  A.  Gerard  and  Major  Sir  Wm.  Lloyd's  Tours  in 
the  Himalaya,  1846,  2  vols.  in  1,  8vo. 

"  Of  the  three  tours,  the  two  by  the  enterprising  brothers  Gerard 
were  purely  scientific  in  their  objects.  .  .  .  Major  Sir  W.  Lloyd's 
contribution  is  in  the  form  of  a  journal;  and  is  the  most  popular 
portion  of  the  work." — Lon.  Spectator. 

"  A  more  valuable  and  engaging  work  we  would  strive  in  vain 
at  this  moment  to  name  among  the  recent  mass  of  new  books." — 
Lon.  Monthly  Rev. 

Gerard,  Gilbert,  D.D.,  d.  1815,  Prof,  of  Greek,  and 
subsequently  of  Divinity,  in  King's  Coll.,  Aberdeen,  was  a 
son  of  Dr.  Alexander  Gerard.  1.  Serm.,  Lon.,  1797,  8vo. 
2.  Institutes  of  Biblical  Criticism,  Lon.,  1806,  8vo;  Edin., 
1808,  8vo. 


GER 


GIB 


"Of  general  and  elementary  treatises  there  is  none  which  is  more 
to  be  recommended,  either  for  perspicuity  or  correctness,  than  the 
Institutes  of  Biblical  Criticism,  by  Dr.  Gerard."— BISHOP  MARSH. 

"  No  one  can  deny  the  merit  of  accurate  learning  and  judicious 
arrangement  to  this  work;  but  it  certainly  is  one  of  the  driest  and 
most  uninteresting  books  ever  written  on  the  Bible."—  Orme's 
Bibl.  Bib. 

See  GERARD,  ALEXANDER,  D.D. 

Gerard,  James,  M.D.  1.  Con.  to  Med.  Com.,  1785. 
2.  Con.  to  Mem.  Med.,  1795. 

Gerard,  or  Gerrard,  \Vm.  The  Seaman's  Preceptor, 
1803,  8vo. 

Gerarde,  John,  1545-1607?  a  surgeon  and  herbalist 
1.  Catalogus  Arboriuin,  &c.,  Lon.,  1596,  4to;  1599,  fol. 
Very  rare.  2.  The  Herbal;  or,  General  Hist,  of  Plants, 
1597,  fol.  By  Dr.  Thomas  Johnson,  1633,  '36,  fol.;  1744, 
8vo. 

"From  its  being  well  timed,  from  its  comprehending  almost  the 
whole  of  the  subjects  then  known,  by  being  written  in  English, 
and  ornamented  with  a  more  numerous  set  of  figures  than  had 
ever  accompanied  any  work  of  the  kind  in  this  kingdom,  it  ob 
tained  great  repute."— PULTENEY. 

See  PARKINSON,  JOHN. 

"A  book  in  which  the  botanical  student  will  find  much  amuse 
ment,  and  an  excellence  of  description  rare  even  in  modern  works." 
— Dr.  J.  Johnston's  Berwick  Flora. 

"  It  is  not  now  esteemed  at  all  by  botanists,  at  least  in  the  first 
edition." — Hattam's  Lit.  Hist,  of  Europe. 

See  Sir  James  Edward  Smith's  English  Flora.  He  often 
quotes  and  commends  it. 

Gerardot,  Rev.  J.     French  Grammar,  Ac.,  1815. 

Gerat,Capt.  Barry.  Military  Discipline.  In  Irish, 
with  figures,  Bruxelles,  1634," fol. 

Gerathy,  or  Gerahty,  James.  1.  State  of  Ireland, 
Lon.,  1799,  Svo.  2.  The  Union,  1799,  8vo. 

Gerbier,  Sir  Balthasar,  1591-1667,  an  artist,  a  na 
tive  of  Antwerp,  emigrated  to  England,  where  he  resided 
at  the  time  of  bis  death.  He  pub.  some  treatises  on  For 
tifications,  Building,  <fcc.,  1649-65.  See  Lowndes's  Bibl. 
Man.;  Walpole's  Anecdotes  of  Painting;  Piikington's  Diet; 
Lysons's  Environs. 

Gerbier,  Charles.  1.  Astrologo-Mastrix,  Lon.,  1646, 
4to.  2.  The  Praise  of  Worthy  Women,  1651,  12mo. 

Gerbier,  George  D'Ouvilly.  The  False  Favourite 
disgraced,  &c. ;  a  Tragi-Com.,  Lon.,  1657,  12mo. 

Gere,  Win.     Reformation  of  the  Law,  1659,  4to. 

Geree,  John,  1600-1649,  a  Puritan  divine,  minister 
of  St.  Alban's,  1645,  of  St.  Faith's,  London,  1649,  pub. 
Vindiciae  Ecclesiae  Anglicanae,  1644,  4to,  some  serins.,  &c. 

Geree,  John.     Serm.,  Lon.,  1706,  4to. 

Geree,  Stephen,  brother  of  the  first-named  John, 
and  also  a  Puritan  divine,  pub.  a  Serm.,  Lon.,  1639,  8vo, 
and  The  Doctrines  of  the  Antinomians  confuted;  an  an 
swer  to  Dr.  Crisp,  Lon.,  1644,  4to. 

Gerhard,  Benjamin,  a  lawyer  of  Phila.  Williams 
(Joshua)  on  Personal  Property.  Second  Amer.  from  the 
Eng.  ed.  of  1852.  Carefully  and  thoroughly  annotated,  by 
B.  G.,  Phila.,  1854,  8vo.  See  WILLIAMS,  JOSHUA. 

Gerhard,  W.  W.,  M.D.,  b.  1809,  in  Philadelphia,  Lec 
turer  on  Clinical  Med.  in  the  Univ.  of  Penna.,  brother  of 
the  preceding.  1.  Clinical  Guide,  Phila.,  8vo.  2.  Lect  on 
the  Diagnosis,  Pathology,  and  Treatment  of  the  Diseases 
of  the  Chest,  1842,  8vo;  new  ed.,  1854,  8vo. 

"  This  is  the  best  refutation  of  the  charges  which  are  constantly 
made  against  physical  exploration  in  medicine,  by  those  who  ap 
pear  to  imagine  that  science  can  never  advance  beyond  the  point 
at  which  they  ceased  to  learn." — Amer.  Jour,  of  Med.  Sti. 

Edited  Graves's  System  of  Clinical  Medicine,  with  Notes 
and  Additions,  Phila.,  8vo.  He  has  also  contributed  many 
articles  to  the  Amer.  Jour.  Medical  Sciences,  Medical  Exa 
miner,  Ac. 

Gerland,  flourished  1082,  the  earliest  known  writer  in 
England  in  mathematical  science  after  the  Norman  Con 
quest,  composed  a  treatise  on  the  Computus,  beginning  with 
1182,  and  a  treatise  on  the  Abacus.  The  first  will  be  found 
in  the  British  Museum,  and  the  latter  in  the  Bibliotheque 
Royale  at  Paris ;  both  in  MS. 

"  The  author  appears  to  be  learned  in  his  subject,  and  avows 
that  his  design  in  compiling  this  work  [on  the  Computus]  was  to 
correct  and  clear  up  the  errors  and  doubts  of  his  predecessors,  espe 
cially  of  Bede."—  Wright's  Biog.  Brit.  Lit. 

Gerrald,  or  Gerald,  Joseph.  Political  tracts,  1793, 
94,  8vo. 

Gerrans,  B.  Travels  of  Rabbi  Benjamin  through 
Europe,  Asia,  and  Africa,  Lon.,  1783, 12mo.  These  travels 
were  performed  during  the  12th  century. 

Gerrard,  Miss,  d.  1807,  pub.  a  vol.  of  miscellanies  in 
prose  and  verse. 

Gerrard,  John.    Poems,  Lon.,  1770,  4to. 

Gerrard,  Rev.  John.  The  Roman  Sigallarium,  Lon., 
1792,  4to.  In  English  and  Latin.  This  valuable  treatise 
660 


a  great  assistance  to  those  engaged  in  the  study  of  Roman 
antiquities,  was  reprinted  in  Facciolati's  Lexicon. 

Gerrard,  Philip.  A  Godly  Invective,  Lon.,  1547, 
'59,  Svo.  He  advocates  "free  passage"  for  the  Bible. 

Gerry,  Elbridge,  1744-1814,  a  native  of  Marblehead, 
Mass.,-Governor  of  Mass.,  1810,  Vice-Prest  U.  States,  1813, 
pub.  some  political  papers.  See  James  T.  Austin's  Memoirs 
of  his  Life,  Boston,  1828,  Svo ;— reviewed  by  Edward  Eve 
rett,  in  N.  Amer.  Rev.,  xxviii.  37; — Goodrich's  Lives; 
Amer.  Quar.  Rev.,  iii.  469. 

Gersaint,  E.  F.     Etchings  of  Rembrandt,  1752. 

Gervase,  a  monk  of  the  priory  of  Christ  Church,  Can 
terbury,  temp.  Richard  I.,  wrote  Tractatus  de  Combustione 
et  reparatione  Dorobornensis  ecclesiae,  (in  Eng.  ed.  by  A. 
J.  Dunkin,  Lon.,  1845,  8vo;)  another  tract;  a  history  of 
the  Archbishops  of  Canterbury ;  and  a  Chronicle  of  the 
reigns  of  Stephen,  Henry  II.,  and  Richard  I.  These  will 
be  found  in  Twysden's  Hist.  Anglican.  Scriptores  Decem, 
1652,  fol. ;  coll.  1285-1684. 

"Reported  to  have  been  a  most  judicious  antiquary,  and  me 
thodical  historian,  and  to  have  made  excellent  collections  of  th« 
British  and  English  story,  from  the  coming  in  of  the  Trojans  down 
to  the  year  1200."— Bishop  Nicohon's  Eng.  Hist.  Lib. 

"  His  chronicle  of  the  reigns  of  Stephen,  Henry,  and  Richard,  is 
one  of  the  most  valuable  of  the  historical  memorials  of  the  twelfth 
century."—  Wright's  Bin/.  Brit.  Lit. 

Gervase  of  Chichester,  flourished  1170,  is  best 
known  by  his  Commentary  on  the  prophecy  of  Malachi 
on  the  duties  of  the  Priesthood,  of  which  there  is  a  good 
MS.  in  the  British  Museum,  MS.  Reg.  iii.,  B.  x.  He  also 
wrote  a  book  of  Homilies,  and  some  other  theolog.  treatises. 

Gervase  of  Tilbury,  temp.  Henry  II.,  has  had  a 
number  of  works  ascribed  to  him,  but  an  eminent  authority 
(Thomas  Wright)  assures  us  that  the  Otia  Imperialia  is  the 
only  one  he  is  known  with  any  certainty  to  have  written. 
The  Otia  Imperialia  is  a  curious  compendium  of  history, 
geography,  natural  phenomena,  <fcc.  For  an  account  of 
this  work,  its  edits.,  and  other  works  ascribed  to  Gervase, 
see  Wright's  Biog.  Brit.  Lit,  and  authorities  there  cited. 

Gervis,  Henry.     Con.  to  Med.  Chir.  Trans.,  1811. 

Gery,  Robert,  of  Islington.     Serm.,  1706. 

Gery,  Thomas.     Divinity  of  the  Scriptures,  1657. 

Gesner,  Abraham,  M.D.,  a  distinguished  geologist, 
a  native  of  Cornwallis,  Nova  Scotia,  has  pub.  a  work  on 
the  Mineralogy  and  Geology  of  Nova  Scotia,  one  on  the 
Industrial  Resources  of  Nova  Scotia,  and  several  other 
treatises.  He  has  also  attained  considerable  reputation  as 
a  chemist,  and  among  the  results  of  his  investigations  is 
the  discovery  of  the  Keroseal  Gas. 

"The  Mineralogy  and  Geology  of  Nova  Scotia  was  the  guide 
book  of  Sir  Charles  Lyell  in  his  geological  survey  of  Nova  Scotia, 
and  after  the  most  thorough  examination  was  pronounced  by  him 
to  be  exceedingly  correct."—  Men  of  the  Time,  N.  York,  1852. 

Gest,  Edmund.  A  Treatise  againste  the  preue  Masse, 
in  the  behalfe  and  furtheraunce  of  the  mooste  holye  Coin- 
munyon,  Lon.,  1548,  16mo. 

Gethin,  Lady  Grace,  1676-1697,  a  daughter  of  Sir 
George  Norton  of  Abbots-Leith,  Somersetshire,  married 
Sir  Richard  Gethin  of  Gethin-grott,  in  Ireland.  After  her 
death  was  pub.  Reliquiae  Gethinianae ;  a  Collection  of  choice 
Discourses,  Pleasant  Apothegms,  and  Witty  Sentences, 
Lon.,  1699,  1700,  4to.  Very  rare.  See  Ballard's  Memoirs 
of  British  Ladies. 

Gething,  Richard,  a  famous  penman,  a  native  of 
Herefordshire,  settled  in  London  about  1616.  1.  A  Copy 
book,  ob.  4to.  2.  Chirographia,  1645,  '64.  3.  Calligrapho- 
technia,  1652,  fol. 

Getseus,  Daniel.  Ch.  of  England,  Ac.,  Oxon., 
1658,  Svo. 

Getz,  George.  Precedents  in  Conveyancing,  3d  ed., 
Phila.,  1845,  Svo.  See  Western  Law  Jour.,  140. 

Geyer,  H.  S.     Statutes  of  Missouri,  St.  Louis,  1817. 

Ghyles,  Thomas.     Joint  Sickness  or  Gout,  1685. 

Gib,  Adam,  1713-1788,  a  native  of  Perthshire,  was 
one  of  the  founders  of  the  Secession  Church  in  Scotland. 
See  ERSKINE,  EBENEZER,  and  authorities  there  referred 
to,  and  Stark's  Biographia  Scotica.  Gib  was  the  leader 
of  the  division  called  Antiburghers.  1.  Present  Truth;  a 
display  of  the  Secession  Testimony,  Edin.,  1774,  2  vols. 
8vo.  2.  Sacred  Contemplations,  &c.,  1786. 

Gibb,  John.  Serm.  on  Rom.  xiii.  6,  7,  Brist,  1721,  4to. 

Gibbens,  Nicholas.  Questions  and  Disputations 
upon  the  first  fourteen  Chapters  of  Genesis,  Lon.,  1601,  4to. 

Gibbes,  Charles,  D.D.    31  Serms.,  Lon.,  1677,  4to. 

Gibbes,  George  Smith,  M.D.,  pub.  treatises  on 
Animal  Matters,  1796;  Bath  Waters,  1800,  '03  ;  and  con. 
to  Phil.  Trans.,  1794,  and  to  Nicholson's  Jour.,  1799. 

Gibbes,  Robert  Wilson,  M.D.,  b.  1809,  in  Charles 
ton,  S.C..  President  of  the  South  Carolina  Medical  Associa- 


GIB 


GIB 


tion.  1.  Memoir  of  James  De  Veaux,  the  Artist,  1845.  2. 
Biographical  Sketch  of  Charles  Fraser,  the  Artist.  3.  Do 
cumentary  History  of  the  American  Revolution ;  consisting 
of  Letters  and  Papers  relating  to  the  Contest  for  Liberty, 
chiefly  in  South  Carolina,  from  Originals  in  the  possession 
of  the  Editor,  and  other  Sources,  Columbia.  S.C.,  and  N.Y., 
1853,  <fcc.,3  vols.  8vo:  vol.  i.,  1764-1776 ;  vol.  ii.,  1776-1781; 
vol.  iii.,  1781-1782. 

"  The  editor,  with  a  rare  spirit  of  patriotism,  has  been  engaged 
for  twenty-five  years  in  collecting  these  valuable  and  interesting 
papers,  in  the  hope  of  preserving  materials  for  American  history 
which  might  otherwise  have  been  lost.  These  are  given  for  their 
intrinsic  value,  and  in  the  order  of  dates,  without  reference  to  spe 
cial  events.  He  trusts  they  will  be  received,  as  they  are  offered,  as 
a  contribution  to  the  historj'  of  that  glorious  Revolution  of  which 
every  memorial  is  dear  to  South  Carolina  and  her  sister  States." 

In  1842,  he  pub.,  in  Ainer.  Jour,  of  Med.  Sciences,  an  ar 
ticle  on  Pneumonia,  which  revolutionized  its  treatment,  by 
opposing  the  use  of  the  lancet.  It  has  been  incorporated 
in  Watson's  Practice  of  Medicine. 

Gibbings,  Richard.  Roman  Forgeries,  <fcc.,  Lon., 
1842,  '49,  8vo. 

Gibbon.     Serm.  on  Justification,  Ac.,  1676. 

Gibbon,  Alex.  Past  and  Present  Delusions  in  the 
Polit.  Econ.  of  the  United  Kingdom,  Lon.,  1850,  8vo. 

Gibbon,  Charles,  pub.  The  Remedie  of  Reason, 
1589,  4to;  A  Work  worth  the  Reading,  <fcc.,  1590-1604, 
all  4to. 

Gibbon,  Echvard,  April  27,  1737— Jan.  16,  1794, 
one  of  the  most  eminent  of  modern  historians,  was  de 
scended  from  an  ancient  family  of  Kent.  His  grandfather, 
Edward  Gibbon,  was  one  of  the  Commissioners  of  Customs 
during  the  last  four  years  of  Queen  Anne;  and  his  father, 
also  Edward  Gibbon,  sat  in  Parliament  in  1 734  for  Peters- 
field,  and  in  1741  for  Southampton.  The  subject  of  this 
notice,  born  at  Putney,  in  Surrey, — the  eldest  of  five  bro 
thers  and  a  sister,  all  of  whom  died  in  their  infancy, — was 
admitted  at  Westminster  school  in  1749,  and,  three  years 
later,  in  1752,  was  matriculated  as  a  gentleman-commoner 
of  Magdalen  College,  Oxford.  Not  having  received  that 
preparatory  training  which  could  alone  have  qualified  him 
for  deriving  much  advantage  from  his  collegiate  course, 
we  need  not  marvel  that  the  fourteen  months  which  he 
spent  at  this  famous  seat  of  learning  were  "idle  and  un 
profitable."  He  tells  us,  indeed,  that  he  brought  to  Ox 
ford  "a  stock  of  erudition  that  might  have  puzzled  a 
doctor,  and  a  degree  of  ignorance  of  which  a  schoolboy 
would  have  been  ashamed;"  but  the  latter  statement  will 
be  accepted  with  more  readiness  than  the  former.  At  the 
early  age  of  sixteen  he  was  led,  by  the  perusal  of  the 
works  of  Bossuet  and  Parsons,  to  entertain  doubts  of  the 
soundness  of  the  principles  of  the  Reformation,  and  in 
1753  we  find  him  solemnly  abjuring  these  errors  at  the 
feet  of  a  Roman  Catholic  priest  in  London.  His  father, 
anxious  both  for  his  mental  improvement  and  spiritual 
benefit,  sent  him  to  Lausanne,  in  Switzerland,  charging 
his  instructor,  the  Rev.  Mr.  Pavilliard,  a  Calvinist  minis 
ter,  to  persuade  him,  if  possible,  of  the  unsoundness  of 
the  tenets  which  he  had  so  lately  embraced.  Young  Gib 
bon  was  not  impregnable,  and  on  Christmas  day,  1754, 
only  eighteen  months  after  his  conversion  to  Romanism, 
after  "  a  full  conviction,"  he  received  the  sacrament  in 
the  church  at  Lausanne. 

Having  now  none  of  the  temptations  to  gay  company 
which  had  robbed  him  of  many  of  his  college  hours,  he 
applied  himself  to  study  with  a  praiseworthy  anxiety  to 
store  his  mind  with  useful  knowledge,  and  speedily  ac 
quired  a  creditable  acquaintance  with  the  Greek,Latin,  and 
French  languages,  Jurisprudence,  and  Belles-Lettres.  His 
hours  of  application  were  relieved  by  the  society  of  a  young 
lady  of  great  beauty  and  many  accomplishments,  Made 
moiselle  Susan  Curchod,  to  whom  the  attentions  of  the 
English  student  were  not  disagreeable.  But  the  father  of 
the  object  of  his  affections  discouraging  a  matrimonial 
alliance,  the  young  people  bore  their  disappointment  in  a 
most  philosophical  manner.  Gibbon  tells  us  that  his 
wound  was  insensibly  healed  by  time,  and  that  the  lady 
was  not  unhappy :  he  returned  to  the  classics,  and  Mile. 
Curchod  became  the  wife  of  the  celebrated  Mr.  Necker, 
and  the  mother  of  Mme.  de  Stael.  But  the  youthful  lover 
did  not  seek  consolation  in  the  marriage  state;  he  lived 
and  died  a  bachelor.  "  Since  the  failure  of  my  first  wishes," 
he  remarks,  when  over  fifty.  "  I  have  never  entertained 
any  serious  thoughts  of  a  matrimonial  connection." 

In  1758  he  returned  to  England,  after  an  absence  of 
nearly  five  years,  and,  through  his  acquaintance  with  David 
Mallett,  gained  admittance  into  a  class  of  society  which 
enabled  him  to  display  his  own  acquirements,  and  gather 
that  general  knowledge  of  current  English  literature  in 


I  which  he  felt  himself  to  be  not  so  well  versed  as  in  more 
abstruse  researches.  Finding  that  Swift,  Addison,  Ro 
bertson,  and  Hume,  were  praised  for  various  graces  of 
style,  or  strength  and  perspicuity  of  diction,  he  read  them 
with  great  care,  and  ardently  longed  to  gain  some  measure 
of  that  distinction  which  had  rewarded  their  efforts  to  in 
struct  or  please  the  world. 

In  1761  Gibbon  confided  to  Dr.  Maty  the  secret  that  he 
had  in  a  matured  state  an  Essai  sur  1'etude  de  la  Litt6ra- 
ture,  composed  in  French,  and  requested  his  opinion  of  its 
merits.  His  counsellor  urged  its  publication,  and  when 
the  young  author  hesitated  to  trust  himself  into  the  hands 
of  critics,  his  father,  ever  anxious  for  his  advancement, 
insisted  upon  its  being  given  to  the  world.  Accordingly, 
it  made  its  appearance  in  1761,  in  a  12mo  vol.  The  foreign 
critics  commended  it,  but  at  home  it  was  scarcely  noticed, 
and  made  no  impression  at  all  upon  the  public  mind. 
Some  years  later  it  was  sought  for  with  avidity  : 

"  The  publication  of  my  History,  fifteen  years  afterwards,  revived 
the  memory  of  my  first  production,  and  the  Essay  was  eagerly 
sought  for  in  the  shops;  but  I  refused  the  permission  of  reprint 
ing  it,  and  when  a  copy  has  been  discovered  at  a  sale,  the  primi 
tive  value  of  2s.  Qd.  has  risen  to  the  fanciful  price  of  20  or  30 
shillings." — Autobiography. 

About  the  time  of  the  publication  of  this  Essay  he  was 
appointed  Captain  of  the  South  battalion  of  the  Hampshire 
militia,  and  for  two  years  and  a  half  endured  "a  wander 
ing  life  of  military  servitude."  He  discharged  bis  duties 
with  zeal  and  fidelity,  but  was  not  sorry  to  return  to  the 
ease  of  civil  life,  upon  the  disbanding  of  his  regiment  on 
the  restoration  of  peace  in  1762-63.  At  a  later  period  he 
resumed  his  military  duties,  and  attained  the  rank  of 
lieutenant-colonel,  and  commandant  of  his  regiment.  In 
1763  he  again  visited  the  continent,  furnished  with  letters 
to  persons  of  distinction  in  France  from  Horace  Walpole, 
the  Duke  de  Nivernois,  Lady  Hervey,  and  David  Mallett. 
In  Paris  he  was  pleased  to  find  that  his  Essay  had  made 
his  name  familiar  to  the  leaders  of  fashion  and  letters,  and 
he  soon  mingled  on  easy  terms  with  D'Alembert,  Diderot, 
Helvetius,  Count  de  Caylus,  the  Abbe  de  Bleterie,  Bar- 
thelemy,  Raynal,  Arnaud,  and  others  of  more  or  less  note. 

Those  who  appear  surprised  at  the  deep-seated  infidelity 
and  easy  effrontery  in  indecency  which  are  so  painfully 
manifest  in  the  Decline  and  Fall  of  the  Roman  Empire, 
lay  too  little  stress  on  the  fact  that  a  moral  ruin  in  the 
better  nature  of  the  author  had  preceded  the  political 
decadence  which  he  has  so  eloquently  described.  We  haAre 
here,  of  course,  no  reference  to  habits  of  life  or  the  eco 
nomy  of  social  duties.  We  go  further :  we  speak  of  the 
"  heart,  out  of  which  are  the  issues  of  life,"  and  we  affirm 
that,  when  the  desire  of  the  approbation  and  fear  of  the 
judgments  of  God  have  been  banished,  then  the  glory  has 
departed  from  the  temple,  and  the  palace,  however  beauti 
ful,  can  claim  but  the  chilling  grandeur  of  the  tomb. 

In  May,  1763,  Gibbon  revisited  Lausanne,  where  he  had 
resided  for  nearly  a  year,  and  in  1764  we  find  him,  with 
all  that  devotion  which  he  had  once  cherished  for  Chris 
tianity  transferred  to  the  worship  of  classical  antiquity,  a 
pilgrim  at  the  gates  of  the  Eternal  City. 

He  had  long  anxiously  revolved  in  his  mind  many  pro 
minent  eras  in  the  history  of  the  world,  in  the  hope  of  ac 
quiring  by  their  happy  treatment  that  fame  which  Robert 
son  and  Hume  considered  as  an  ample  reward  for  their 
"  days  and  nights"  of  patient  research  and  wearisome  toil. 

The  mind  of  Gibbon  was  therefore  in  a  state  peculiarly 
alive  to  the  influence  of  strong  emotion,  and  this  visit  to 
Rome  decided  the  theme  which  should  carry  his  name  to 
posterity,  gathering  in  its  progress,  we  may  add,  the 
mingled  admiration  and  reproach  of  successive  generations 
to  the  end  of  time.  That  biographer  will  do  the  historian 
injustice  who  shall  relate  for  him  what  he  has  so  eloquently 
told  himself — the  inception  and  completion  of  the  Decline 
and  Fall  of  the  Roman  Empire. 

"It  was  at  Rome,"  he  tells  us,  "  on  the  15th  of  October,  1764,  as 
I  sat  musing  amidst  the  ruins  of  the  Capitol,  while  the  bare-footed 
friars  were  singing  vespers  in  the  temple  of  Jupiter,  that  the  idea 
of  writing  the  decline  and  fall  of  the  city  first  started  to  my  mind. 
But  my  original  plan  was  circumscribed  to  the  decay  of  the  city 
rather  than  of  the  empire ;  and.  though  my  reading  and  reflectiong 
began  to  point  towards  that  object,  some  years  elapsed,  and  seve 
ral  avocations  intervened,  before  I  was  seriously  engaged  in  the 
execution  of  that  laborious  work." — Autobiography. 

In  1767,  Mr.  Deyverdun,  a  Swiss  gentleman,  then  in 
England,  to  whom  Gibbon  was  warmly  attached,  united 
with  him  in  the  publication  of  a  literary  Journal,  entitled 
Memoires  Litteraires  de  la  Grande  Bfetagne,  of  which  only 
two  vols.  appeared,  (1767-68.) 

"  It  is  not  my  wish  to  deny  how  deeply  I  was  interested  in  these 
Memoirs,  of  which  I  need  not  be  ashamed.  ...  I  will  presume  to 
say  that  their  merit  was  superior  to  their  reputation ;  but  it  is 

661 


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GIB 


not  less  true  that  they  were  productions  of  more  reputation  than 
emolument." — Autobiography. 

We  may  remark  that  the  version  of  part  of  Anstey's 
New  Bath  Guide,  in  the  Memoirs,  has  been  declared  equal 
to  the  celebrated  Towneley  Hudibras :  the  Review  of  Wai- 
pole's  Historic  Doubts  was  written  by  David  Hume.  These 
two  (12mo)  vols.  are  now  rare.  Hanrott's  copy  sold  for 
£6  16«.  6rf.  Gibbon's  next  publication — an  anonymous  one, 
in  1770 — was  Critical  Observations  on  the  Sixth  Book  of  the 
JSneid.  This  was  an  attack  upon  Bishop  Warburton's 
celebrated  hypothesis  in  the  Divine  Legation  of  Moses, 
respecting  the  descent  of  JEneas  to  hell. 

"  According  to  Bishop  Warburton  the  descent  to  hell  is  not  a 
felse  but  a  mimic  scene ;  which  represents  the  initiation  of  ^Eneas, 
in  the  character  of  a  lawgiver,  to  the  Eleusinian  mysteries.  This 
hypothesis,  a  singular  character  in  the  divine  legation  of  Moses, 
had  been  admitted  by  many  as  true;  it  was  praised  by  all  as  inge 
nious,  nor  had  it  been  exposed,  in  a  space  of  thirty  years,  to  a  fair 
and  critical  discussion.  ...  As  the  Bishop  of  Gloucester  and  his 
party  maintained  discreet  silence,  my  critical  disquisition  was  soon 
lost  among  the  pamphlets  of  the  day ;  but  the  public  coldness  was 
overbalanced  to  my  feelings  by  the  weighty  approbation  of  the  last 
and  best  editor  of  Virgil,  Professor  Heyne,  of  Gottingeu;  who  ac 
quiesces  in  my  confutation,  and  styles  the  unknown  author  '  doc- 
tus  .  .  .  et  elegantissimus  Britannus.'  ...  In  the  fifteen  years 
between  my  Essay  on  the  Study  of  Literature  and  the  first  volume 
of  the  Decline  and  Fall,  (1761-1776,)  this  criticism  on  Warburton, 
and  some  articles  in  the  journal,  were  my  sole  publications." — 
Autobiography. 

From  the  year  1768,  Gibbon  devoted  himself  with  zealous 
industry  to  the  preparation  of  his  great  work,  "  the  labour 
of  six  quartos  and  twenty  years,"  and  in  1776  gave  the 
first  volume  to  the  world.  Its  success  was  immediate  and 
complete. 

"  I  am  at  a  loss  how  to  describe  the  success  of  the  work,  without 
betraying  the  vanity  of  the  writer.  The  first  impression  was  ex 
hausted  in  a  few  days;  a  second  and  third  edition  were  scarcely 
adequate  to  the  demand;  and  the  bookseller's  property  was  twice 
invaded  by  the  pirates  of  Dublin.  My  book  was  upon  every  table, 
and  almost  on  every  toilette;  the  historian  was  crowned  by  the 
taste  or  fashion  of  the  day." 

But  though  the  "historian"  was  warmly  and  justly  com 
mended,  the  assailant  of  Christianity  did  not  escape  strong 
and  deserved  rebuke.  A  list  of  the  principal  strictures 
elicited  by  the  famous  15th  and  16th  chapters  will  be  found 
in  Chalmers's  Biog.  Diet.,  to  which  we  refer  the  reader. 
Some  of  these  works  we  have  already  had  occasion  to  no 
tice,  and  others  will  come  under  our  consideration  in  future 
portions  of  this  volume.  Among  those  particularly  noticed 
by  Gibbon  in  his  Autobiography  are  those  of  Davis,  Wat 
son,  Apthorpe,  Taylor,  Priestley,  Dalrymple,  and  White. 
Bishop  Watson's  work — An  Apology  for  Christianity,  in  a 
Series  of  Letters  to  Edward  Gibbon — is  now  the  best-known 
of  these  vindications.  It  is  not  at  all  necessary  that  we 
should  enlarge  upon  a  theme  which  has  received  such  am 
ple  consideration  from  so  many  who  are  well  qualified  to 
judge  in  the  premises.  That  Gibbon  was  successful  in  de 
ceiving  even  himself  by  his  sophistry  we  do  not  at  all 
believe;  and  that  any  candid  inquirer  can  attach  much 
weight  to  objections  so  specious  it  is  still  more  difficult  to 
credit.  The  aversion  with  which  the  mind  of  the  historian 
contemplated  the  subject  of  Christianity  can  be  no  marvel 
when  we  remember  the  impenitent  remorse  which  must 
have  mingled  with  his  assumption  of  philosophical  skepti 
cism.  That  he  strove  to  be  an  infidel  we  have  ample  evi 
dence:  that  he  ever  rested  satisfied  in  the  exchange  which 
he  had  made  for  the  faith  of  his  early  days  we  cannot 
concede.  He  speaks  of  Christianity  as  we  may  imagine 
the  ingrate  to  speak  of  that  friend  whose  kindness  he  had 
rewarded  by  an  attempt  to  ruin  his  peace,  betray  his  con 
fidence,  and  blast  his  reputation.  To  use  the  admirable 
language  of  Mr.  Milman, 

"Christianity  alone  receives  no  embellishment  from  the  magic 
of  Gibbon's  language ;  his  imagination  is  dead  to  its  moral  dignity ; 
it  is  kept  down  by  a  general  tone  of  jealous  disparagement,  or  neu 
tralised  by  a  painfully  elaborate  exposition  of  its  darker  and  de 
generate  periods.  There  are  occasions,  indeed,  when  its  pure  and 
exalted  humanity,  when  its  manifestly  beneficial  influence,  can 
compel  even  him,  as  it  were,  to  fairness,  and  kindle  his  unguarded 
eloquence  to  its  usual  fervour;  but  in  general  he  soon  relapses  into 
•  frigid  apathy,  affects  an  ostentatiously  severe  impartiality ;  notes 
all  the  faults  of  Christians  in  every  age  with  bitter  and  almost 
malignant  sarcasm;  reluctantly,  and  with  exception  and  reserva 
tion,  admits  their  claim  to  admiration.  .  .  .  The  glories  of  Chris 
tianity,  in  short,  touch  on  no  cord  in  the  heart  of  the  writer;  his 
imagination  remains  unkindled;  his  words,  though  they  maintain 
their  stately  and  measured  march,  have  become  cool,  argumenta 
tive,  and  inanimate." 

In  1774  Mr.  Gibbon  entered  the  House  of  Commons,  in 
which  he  sat  for  eight  years  a  silent  supporter  of  Lord 
North's  administration.  His  claims  were  not  overlooked, 
and  a  seat  at  the  Board  of  Trade,  with  an  income  of  £700 
to  £800,  which  be  enjoyed  for  three  years,  was  an  agreeable 
addition  to  the  revenue  derived  from  his  paternal  acres. 


In  1781  appeared  the  2d  and  3d  vols.  of  the  Decline  and 
Fall.  The  author  complains  of  "  the  coldness  and  even 
prejudice  of  the  town,"  but  we  are  assured  by  contempo 
raneous  authority  that  they  were  received  with  "eager 
ness  and  approbation."  In  September,  1783,  the  historian 
put  into  execution  a  plan  long  cherished  and  ardently 
anticipated, — a  permanent  establishment  at  Lausanne. 

"  From  my  early  acquaintance  with  Lausanne,  I  had  always 
cherished  a  secret  wish  that  the  school  of  my  youth  might  become 
the  retreat  of  my  declining  age.  A  moderate  fortune  would  secure 
the  blessings  of  ease,  leisure,  and  independence :  the  country,  the 
people,  the  manners,  the  language,  were  congenial  to  niy  taste; 
and  I  might  indulge  the  hope  of  passing  some  years  in  the  do 
mestic  society  of  a  friend.  After  travelling  with  several  Knglish, 
Mr.  Deyverdun  was  now  settled  at  home,  in  a  pleasant  habitation, 
the  gift  of  his  deceased  aunt:  we  had  long  been  separated,  we  had 
long  been  silent;  yet  in  my  first,  letter  I  exposed,  with  the  most 
perfect  confidence,  my  situation,  my  sentiments,  and  my  designs. 
His  immediate  answer  was  a  warm  and  joyful  acceptance :  the 
picture  of  our  future  life  provoked  my  impatience;  and  the  terms 
of  arrangement  were  short  and  simple,  as  he  possessed  the  pro 
perty,  and  I  undertook  the  expense  of  our  common  house." — 
Autobiography. 

In  this  delightful  retreat,  the  charms  of  which  the 
recluse  has  drawn  with  so  exquisite  a  pencil,  the  concluding 
chapters  of  the  Decline  and  Fall  moved  rapidly  on  to 
completion,  and,  in  1787,  vols.  iv.,  v.,  and  vi.,  were  ready 
for  the  press.  Bearing  in  remembrance  what  we  have 
remarked  in  a  preceding  page,  we  give  the  account  of  the 
author's  feelings  on  concluding  a  work  so  grand,  so  truly 
great,  in  his  own  language : 

"It  was  on  the  day.  or  rather  night,  of  the  27th  of  June,  1787, 
between  the  hours  of  eleven  and  twelve,  that  I  wrote  the  last 
lines  of  the  last  page,  in  a  summer-house  in  my  garden.  After 
laying  down  my  pen,  I  took  several  turns  in  a  berceau,  or  covered 
walk  of  acacias,  which  commands  a  prospect  of  the  country,  the 
lake,  and  the  mountains.  The  air  was  temperate,  the  sky  was 
serene,  the  silver  orb  of  the  moon  was  reflected  from  the  waters, 
and  all  nature  was  silent.  I  will  not  dissemble  the  first  emotions 
of  joy  on  the  recovery  of  my  freedom,  and,  perhaps,  the  establish 
ment  of  my  fame.  But  my  pride  was  soon  humbled,  and  a  sober 
melancholy  was  spread  over  my  mind,  by  the  idea  that  I  had  taken 
an  everlasting  leave  of  an  old  and  agreeable  companion,  and  that 
whatsoever  might  be  the  future  date  of  my  history,  the  life  of  the 
historian  must  be  short  and  precarious." 

Alas  for  that  prospect  which  is  bounded  by  the  tomb ! 
Had  the  hope  of  the  Christian  animated  the  breast  of  the 
scholar,  the  anticipation  of  a  "  life  short  and  precarious," 
instead  of  being  a  cause  of  grief,  would  have  been  produc 
tive  of  joy.  But  the  thought  of  the  Morning  of  the  Resur 
rection,  if  at  all  entertained  by  the  skeptic,  could  have 
been  a  source  of  nothing  but  horror,  surely  not  of  desire. 
Thus  did  not  Boerhaave,  thus  did  not  Grotius,  nor  New 
ton,  nor  Burke,  regard  the  coming  on  of  "  that  night  when 
no  man  can  work."  The  historian  proceeds  to  remark : 

"  I  will  add  two  facts,  which  have  seldom  occurred  in  the  com 
position  of  six,  or  even  of  five,  quartos.  1.  My  first  rou^h  manu 
script,  without  any  intermediate  copy, has  been  sent  to  the  press. 
2.  Not  a  sheet  has  been  seen  by  any  human  eyes  excepting  those 
of  the  author  and  the  printer;  the  faults  and  the  merits  are  ex 
clusively  my  own." — Autobiography. 

Gibbon  now  visited  England,  to  superintend  the  publica 
tion  of  the  conclusion  of  bis  work,  for  which  he  received 
a  large  sum  from  the  publisher,  Mr.  Cadell.  When  the 
sheets  were  all  printed,  the  day  of  publication  was  de 
layed,  that  it  might  coincide  with  the  author's  fifty-first 
anniversary  of  his  birthday  : 

"  The  double  festival  was  celebrated  by  a  cheerful  literary  din 
ner  at  Mr.  Cadell's  house;  and  I  seemed  to  blush  while  they  read 
an  elegant  compliment  from  Mr.  Hayley,  whose  poetical  talents 
had  more  than  once  been  employed  in  the  praises  of  his  friend." 

The  sale  of  the  last  vols.  was  rapid;  and,  to  supply  the 
demand,  an  edition  of  the  whole  work,  in  12  vols.  8vo,  was 
pub.,  1788-90.  Gibbon's  profit  on  the  whole  is  stated  to 
have  been  £6000,  whilst  the  booksellers  netted  the  hand 
some  sum  of  £60,000. 

Mr.  Gibbon  returned  to  Lausanne,  July  30,  1788,  and  in 
about  a  year  from  this  time  met  with  an  irreparable  loss 
in  the  death  of  his  friend  Deyverdun.  He  was  now  thrown 
more  upon  his  own  resources  for  amusement,  and  occupied 
himself  in  writing  his  own  Memoirs, — to  which  we  have 
been  largely  indebted  in  this  sketch, — projecting  a  series 
of  biographical  portraits  of  eminent  Englishmen  from  the 
time  of  Henry  VIII.,  (never  prepared,)  and  some  other 
literary  labours. 

The  events  which  followed  the  first  excesses  of  the 
French  Revolution  threatened  the  peace  of  Switzerland, 
and  the  blast  of  war  startled  the  recluse  in  his  library. 
With  reluctant  steps  he  left  the  charming  retreat,  endeared 
to  him  alike  by  the  remembrances  of  boyhood  and  the 
tranquil  satisfactions  of  mature  years,  and  bent  his  way  to 
the  great  metropolis  of  his  native  land.  He  arrived  at 
London  in  June,  1793,  spent  some  time  in  the  city  with 
his  friend  Lord  Sheffield,  and  subsequently  accompanied 


GIB 


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him  to  Sheffield  Place,  where  they  passed  the  summer.  In 
October  he  paid  a  visit  to  Mrs.  Gibbon,  the  widow  of  his 
father,  and  to  Lord  Spencer  at  Althorp,  and  then  returned 
to  London,  where  he  expired,  after  a  few  hours'  illness, 
January  15,  1794,  from  the  effects  of  a  rupture  (resulting 
in  hydrocele)  of  more  than  thirty  years'  standing. 

"  The  valet-de-chambre  observed,  that  Mr.  Gibbon  did  not,  at 
any  time,  shew  the  least  sign  of  alarm,  or  apprehension  of  death; 
and  it  does  not  appear  that  he  ever  thought  himself  in  danger, 
unless  his  desire  to  speak  to  Mr.  Darrell  may  be  considered  in  that 
light."— Lord  Sheffield's  Memoirs. 

His  lordship  informs  us  that,  "twenty  hours  before  his 
death,  Mr.  Gibbon  happened  to  fall  into  a  conversation 
not  uncommon  with  him  on  the  probable  duration  of  his 
life.  He  said  that  he  thought  himself  good  for  ten,  twelve, 
or  perhaps  twenty  years." 

In  1799,  Lord  Sheffield,  for  many  years  his  attached 
friend,  pub.  The  Miscellaneous  Works  of  Edward  Gibbon, 
Esq.,  with  Memoirs  of  his  Life  and  Writings,  composed 
by  himself:  illustrated  from  his  Letters,  with  occasional 
Notes  and  Narrative,  2  vols.  4to.  A  3d  vol.  was  added  in 
1815;  and  a  new  ed.  of  the  whole,  with  addits.,  in  5  vols. 
8vo,  was  issued  in  the  same  year ;  also  pub.  in  r.  8vo.  New 
ed.,  in  one  large  8vo  vol.,  pp.  848,  1837.  The  Antiquities 
of  the  House  of  Brunswick  was  printed  (privately)  sepa 
rately  in  1814.  The  forty-fourth  chapter  of  the  Decline 
and  Fall,  under  the  title  of  A  Survey  of  the  Civil  Law, 
Ac.,  has  been  printed  separately  several  times  at  home 
and  abroad. 

There  are  several  French  edits.,  one  corrected  and  en 
larged  by  Professor  Warnkoenig,  Liege,  182],  8vo.  See 
also  A  Survey  of  the  Civil  Law,  with  Notes  by  Professor 
Hugo;  trans,  from  the  German  by  W.  Gardiner,  Edin., 
1824,  12mo.  The  value  of  this  Survey  it  would  be  diffi 
cult  to  exaggerate. 

"  Perhaps  the  most  masterly  and  elaborate  account  of  the  Civil 
Law  which  is  extant  is  to  be  found  in  the  forty-fourth  chapter  of 
Gibbon's  Decline  and  Fall  of  the  Roman  Empire.  Lord  Mansfield 
characterised  it  as  '  beautiful  and  spirited.'  "—Warren's  Law  Stu 
dies. 

"  We  have  no  hesitation  in  strongly  recommending  this  chapter 
to  the  attentive  perusal  of  the  student,  as  containing  a  succinct 
and  masterly  historical  view  of  the  Roman  Law.  As  a  summary 
it  certainly  stands  unrivalled,  and  as  a  mere  outline  only  is  it  to 
be  read.  .  .  .  This  chapter,  for  what  it  professes  to  be,  is  luminous, 
learned,  succinct,  and  satisfactory. 

"  But  the  high  estimation  in  which  Mr.  Gibbon's  outline  is  held 
on  the  continent,  where  the  Roman  Law  has  for  so  many  centu 
ries  been  thoroughly  studied,  and  elaborately  written  on,  will  be 
regarded  as  strong  evidence  of  its  high  merit." — Hoffman's  Legal 
Study. 

Professor  Hoifman  censures  the  depreciating  remarks 
upon  Gibbon's  Survey  thrown  out  by  the  editor  of  Sir  Wm. 
Jones's  Treatise  on  Bailments.  For  other  opinions  upon 
the  Survey,  see  1  Brown's  Civil  Law,  Pref.,  2 ;  Irving's  Civil 
Law,  188. 

We  have  already  noticed  two  edits,  of  the  Decline  and 
Fall  of  the  Roman  Empire,  viz. : — 1. 1776-88,  5  vols.  4to ; 
2. 1788-90,  12  vols.  8vo.  We  proceed  to  notice,  3.  1802, 
12  vols.  8vo ;  4.  Abridgt.,  by  the  Rev.  Charles  Hereford, 
1789,  2  vols.  8vo  ;  5.  Edin.,  1811,  12  vols.  8vo  ;  6.  Lon., 
1815, 12  vols.  Svo;  7.  Expurgated  ed.,  by  Thomas  Bowdler, 
1826,  5  vols.  8vo. 

"•  The  indecent  expressions,  and  all  allusions  of  an  improper 
tendency,  have  been  erased." 

8.  Corrected  ed.,  particularly  in  the  Greek  Notes,  Oxf., 
1828,  8  vols.  Svo;  9.  Pub.  by  H.  Bohn,  imp.  Svo;  10.  By 
Chalmers,  pub.  by  Longman,  Svo ;  11.  By  Guizot,  pub.  by 
A.  Hall,  2  vols.  r.  Svo ;  12.  Pub.  by  Pickering,  8  vols.  Svo, 
and  large  paper;  13.  By  Westley  and  Davis,  1837,  1  vol. 
r.  Svo ;  14.  With  the  Notes  of  Guizot,  Wenck,  and  the 
Editor,  by  the  Rev.  H.  N.  Milman,  pub.  by  Murray,  1838, 
12  vols.  8vo.  (See  Nos.  15  and  18.)  15.  Second  ed.  of  the 
preceding,  with  addits.,  1846,  6  vols.  Svo;  16.  Pub.  by 
Virtue,  illustrated,  1850,  2  vols.,  sup.  r.  Svo;  17.  With 
variorum  Notes,  including  those  of  Guizot,  Wenck,  Nie- 
buhr,  Hugo.  Neander,  and  other  foreign  scholars,  edited 
by  an  English  Churchman,  pub.  in  Bohn's  Brit.  Classics, 
vols.  i.-v.,  1853-54;  18.  Third  ed.  of  Milman's  ed.,  with 
additional  Notes  by  Dr.  Wm.  Smith,  portrait  and  maps, 
pub.  by  Murray,  1854-55,  8  vols.  Svo. 

This  edition  includes  the  Autobiography  of  Gibbon,  and 
is  distinguished  by  careful  revision  of  the  text,  verifica 
tion  of  all  the  references  to  ancient  writers,  and  notes 
incorporating  the  results  of  the  researches  of  modern 
scholars  and  the  discoveries  of  recent  travellers. 

The  Life  and  Corresp.  of  Gibbon,  edited  by  Mr.  Mil 
man,  were  pub.  in  1839,  Svo;  and  an  edit,  of  the  Autobio 
graphy  was  pub.  by  Whittaker  in  2  vols.,  12mo  and  ISmo. 

"  The  Life  of  Gibbon  is  a  valuable  and  necessary  companion  to 
the  Decline  and  Mdl.  No  one  who  desires  to  be  informed  in  the 


most  engaging  and  dignified  manner  of  the  most  important  eras  in 
the  world's  annals  can  allow  himself  to  remain  unacquainted  with 
the  life  and  correspondence  of  its  very  remarkable  author." — Lvn. 
Monthly  Rev. 

"  It  is  perhaps  the  best  specimen  of  autobiography  in  the  English 
language.  Descending  from  the  lofty  level  of  his  history,  and 
relaxing  the  stately  march  which  he  maintains  throughout  that 
work,  into  a  more  natural  and  easy  pace,  this  enchanting  writer, 
with  an  ease,  a  spirit,  and  a  vigour  peculiar  to  himself,  conducts 
his  readers  through  a  sickly  childhood,  a  neglected  and  desultory 
education,  and  a  youth  wasted  in  the  unpromising  and  unscholar- 
like  occupation  of  a  militia  officer,  to  the  period  when  he  resolutely 
applied  the  energies  of  his  genius  to  a  severe  course  of  voluntary 
study,  which,  in  the  space  of  a  few  years,  rendered  him  a  consum 
mate  master  of  Roman  antiquity,  and  lastly  produced  the  history 
of  the  decline  and  foil  of  the  mighty  empire."— ion.  Quar.  Rev., 
xii.  368-391,  q.  v. 

"The  autobiography  of  GIBBON,  attached  to  his  Posthumous 
Works,  edited  by  Lord  Sheffield,  has  been  perhaps  the  most  popu 
lar  production  of  its  kind,  of  modern  times.  It  is  winning  in  an 
unusual  degree.  The  periods  flow  with  a  sort  of  liquid  cadence. 
The  facts  are  beautifully  brought  together  and  ingeniously  argued 
upon ;  and  the  life  of  a  studious  Recluse  has  something  about  it 
of  the  air  of  a  romantic  Adventurer.  This  is  attributable  to  the 
charm,  the  polish,  the  harmony  of  the  style.  But  the  Autobio 
graphy  of  Gibbon  is,  in  fact,  the  consummation  of  ART  ;  and  never 
were  pages  more  determinedly  and  more  elaborately  written  for 
the  admiration  of  posterity.  How  different  is  the  Autobiography 
of  HUME!  But  both  these  great  writers  were  the  same — in  their 
own  memoirs  and  their  histories :  the  former,  like  Johnson's  de 
scription  of  Gray,  had  generally  '  a  kind  of  strutting  dignity,  and 
was  tall  by  walking  on  tip-toe;'  the  latter,  all  simplicity  and  per 
spicuity,  would  rather  be  courted  by,  than  court,  the  Graces:  and 
his  style  was  grace  itself."— Dibdin's  Lib.  Oomp. 

As  regards  the  various  edits,  of  the  Decline  and  Fall, 
Dean  Milman's  (see  No.  18,  above)  has  no  rival.  For 
family  reading,  where  it  is  not  pleasant  to  be  obliged  to 
keep  the  eyes  always  a  little  in  advance  of  the  voice,  if 
reading  aloud,  or  where  you  hesitate  to  trust  infidelity  and 
indecency  unconnected  to  your  children,  Bowdler's  edit,  is 
to  be  preferred;  and  we  should  be  glad  to  see  a  new 
edition,  say  in  3  vols.  8vo,  price  not  over  £2.  Of  course 
the  scholar  can  by  no  means  dispense  with  Milman's  ex 
cellent  edition,  which  contains  the  unmutilated  text  of 
Gibbon,  carefully  revised,  particularly  in  the  quotations ; 
and  illustrated  with  notes,  to  correct  the  errors  of  Gibbon, 
and  especially  to  put  the  unwary  reader  on  his  guard 
against  his  misstatements  regarding  Christianity. 

The  chief  works  from  which  Mr.  Milman  derived  his 
materials  are  : — I.  The  French  translation,  with  Notes, 
by  M.  Guizot.  II.  The  German  translation,  with  Notes 
of  Wenck.  III.  The  new  edition  of  Le  Beau's  Histoire 
du  Bas  Empire,  both  with  Notes  by  M.  St.  Martin  and  M. 
Brosset.  IV.  Such  works  as  have  come  to  light  since  the 
appearance  of  Gibbon's  History. 

"  There  can  be  no  question  that  this  edition  of  Gibbon  is  the  only 
one  extant  to  which  parents  and  guardians,  and  academical  au 
thorities,  ought  to  give  any  measure  of  countenance.  The  editor's 
illustrations  on  subjects  of  secular  and  literary  interest  are  in 
every  respect  such  as  might  have  been  anticipated  from  his  cha 
racter,  as  one  of  the  most  accomplished  scholars  and  writers  of  his 
age."— REV.  J.  J.  BLUNT,  in  Lon.  Quar.  Rev.,  Ixii.  360-385,  q.  v. 

"  Gibbon's  History,  especially  as  edited  by  Mr.  Milman,  is  a  work 
for  all  time  and  for  all  classes.  It  never  before  was  a  work  which 
could  be  safely  put  into  the  hands  of  the  young,  or  of  those  whose 
opportunities  and  means  for  detecting  its  perversions  were  few. 
Now,  however,  the  errors  of  this  luminous  and  imposing  history 
have  been  skilfully  and  convincingly  noted.  The  poison,  if  not 
extracted,  has  been  made  palpable." — Lon.  Monthly  Review. 

"The  name  of  Gibbon  will  occur  to  the  student  as  a  splendid, 
but  in  some  respects  dangerous  guide,  down  to  the  close  of  the 
sixteenth  century.  We  say  he  is  a  dangerous  guide,  in  respect  of  his 
gross  and  malignant  misrepresentations  concerning  the  Christian, 
religion ;  and  we  recommend  the  student  to  procure  the  Rev.  H, 
Milman's  edition  of  Gibbon,  in  which  that  great  writer's  errors 
and  misrepresentations  will  be  found  exposed  with  candour,  free 
dom,  and  learning." —  Warren's  Law  Studies. 

See  also  Lon.  Quar.  Rev.,  1.  273-307,  for  a  review  of 
Guizot's  trans,  of  the  Decline  and  Fall  into  French,  Paris, 
1828 ;  a  review  of  Gibbon's  Life  in  the  Lon.  Eclectic 
Rev.,  4th  series,  vi.  142 ;  and  articles  in  Fraser's  Mag., 
xliii.  291;  Lon.  Gent.  Mag.,  1846,  Pt.  1,  230,  587;  Bost. 
Chris.  Rev.,  xiii.  34;  N.  York  Democrat.  Rev.,  xx.  521; 
N.  York  Lit.  and  Theolog.  Rev.,  ii.  38 ;  Phila.  Museum, 
xxiv.  526 ;  Phila.  Analectic  Mag.,  vi.  89.  The  student 
must  also  peruse  Person's  severe  strictures,  in  the  preface 
to  his  Letters  on  Travis,  on  the  indecency  of  portions  of 
the  Decline  and  Fall,  especially  vols.  v.  and  vi. ;  and  the 
notices  of  Gibbon  in  W.  H.  Prescott's  Biog.  and  Grit.  Mis 
cellanies,  and  in  the  other  authorities  from  which  we  shall 
proceed  to  quote. 

We  confess  to  so  ardent  an  admiration  of  this  truly 
great  author,  that  it  is  with  pain  we  are  obliged  to  advert 
to  his  grave  errors,  for  which  genius,  however  exalted, 
learning,  however  profound,  and  diction,  however  splen 
did,  can  make  no  adequate  atonement.  Not  for  the  genius 
of  Homer,  the  wealth  of  the  Indies,  nor  "  all  the  learning 


GIB 


GIB 


of  the  Egyptians,"  would  we  be  willing  to  write  one  line 
calculated  to  disturb  the  faith  of  the  humblest  Christian 
in  that  inspired  record  which  "  hath  God  for  its  Author, 
Truth  for  its  substance,  and  Salvation  for  its  end !"  In  a 
world  of  trial,  sorrow,  and  temptation,  let  no  impious 
hand  presume  to  assail  that  Ark  of  Refuge  and  Consola 
tion  which  Divine  mercy  has  provided  for  the  guilt  and 
misery  of  humanity. 

We  conclude  our  notice  of  this  distinguished  writer 
with  some  quotations  from  eminent  authorities  : 

"After  a  first  rapid  perusal,  which  allowed  me  to  feel  nothing 
but  the  interest  of  a  narrative  always  animated,  and,  notwith 
standing  its  extent  and  the  variety  of  objects  which  it  makes  to 
pass  before  the  view,  always  perspicuous,  I  entered  upon  a  minute 
examination  of  the  details  of  which  it  was  composed,  and  the 
opinion  which  I  then  formed  was,  I  confess,  singularly  severe.  I 
discovered,  in  certain  chapters,  errors  which  appeared  to  me  suffi 
ciently  important  and  numerous  to  make  me  believe  that  they  had 
been  written  with  extreme  negligence;  in  others,  I  was  struck 
•with  a  certain  tinge  of  partiality  and  prejudice,  which  imparted  to 
the  exposition  of  the  facts  that  want  of  truth  and  justice  which 
the  English  express  by  their  happy  term  misrepresentation.  Some 
imperfect  (tronquees)  quotations,  some  passages  omitted  uninten 
tionally  or  designedly,  have  cast  suspicion  on  the  honesty  (boune 
foi)  of  the  author;  and  his  violation  of  the  first  law  of  history — 
increased  to  my  eyes  by  the  prolonged  attention  with  which  I  oc 
cupied  myself  with  every  phrase,  every  note,  every  reflection — 
caused  me  to  form  on  the  whole  a  judgment  far  too  rigorous.  After 
having  finished  my  labours,  I  allowed  some  time  to  elapse  before 
I  reviewed  the  whole.  A  second  attentive  and  regular  perusal  of 
the  entire  work,  of  the  notes  of  the  author,  and  of  those  which  I 
had  thought  it  right  to  subjoin,  showed  me  how  much  I  had  ex 
aggerated  the  importance  of  the  reproaches  which  Gibbon  really 
deserved.  I  was  struck  with  the  same  errors,  the  same  partiality 
on  certain  subjects :  but  I  had  been  far  from  doing  adequate  jus 
tice  to  the  immensity  of  his  researches,  the  variety  of  his  know 
ledge,  and,  above  all,  to  that  truly  philosophical  discrimination 
(justesse  d'esprit)  which  judges  the  past  as  it  would  judge  the 
present;  which  does  not  permit  itself  to  be  blinded  by  the  clouds 
which  time  gathers  around  the  dead,  and  which  prevents  us  from 
seeing  that  under  the  toga  as  under  the  modern  dress,  in  the 
senate  as  in  our  councils,  men  were  what  they  still  are.  and  that 
events  took  place  eighteen  centuries  ago  as  they  take  place  in  our 
days.  I  then  felt  that  his  book,  in  spite  of  its  faults,  will  always 
be  a  noble  work ;.  and  that  we  may  correct  his  errors,  and  combat 
his  prejudices,  without  ceasing  to  admit  that  few  men  have  com 
bined,  if  we  are  not  to  say  in  so  high  a  degree,  at  least  in  a  manner 
BO  complete  and  so  well  regulated,  the  necessary  qualifications  for 
a  writer  of  history."— GUIZOT.  See  Lon.  Quar.  Rev.,  1.  290. 

"Gibbon  was  not,  like  Hume,  a  self-thinking,  deep-fathoming 
man,  who  searched  into  the  nature  of  things,  existence  and 
thought,  but  was  in  these  respects  like  the  French,  or  like  the 
Scotchman  Brougham,  who  has  also  attained  this  Franco-Genevese 
capacity  of  quickly  making  other  people's  thoughts  and  investiga 
tions  his  own,  and  propounding  them  in  an  admirable  manner. 
Like  the  great  French  writers,  he  can  take  a  quick  and  compre 
hensive  view  of  various  departments  of  knowledge,  and  we  can 
therefore  learn  most  readily  through  his  instrumentality  the  re 
sults  of  the  learned  labours  of  the  great  collectors  of  materials 
upon  the  theology,  philosophy,  and  jurisprudence  of  the  times  of 
declining  antiquity,  and  of  the  rising  middle  ages.  Because  his 
eloquence  and  his  great  skill  in  representation  give  a  charm  and 
splendour  to  the  thoughts  which  he  wishes  to  disseminate,  he  has 
the  full  right  of  all  men  who  are  great  in  politics  and  literature  to 
claim  that  nobody  should  ask  whether  he  was  really  in  earnest, 
or  how  his  language  and  his  conduct  harmonized." — Schlosser's 
Hist,  of  the  Eighteenth  Cent.  Ac.;  trans,  by  D.  Davidson. 

As  Schlosser  has  introduced  the  name  of  Lord  Brougham 
in  his  review  of  the  characteristics  of  Gibbon,  it  will  not 
be  inappropriate  to  quote  some  comments  of  the  former 
upon  the  style  of  the  great  historian  of  the  Roman  Empire. 
"He  will  not  condescend  to  be  plain;  he  forgets  that  the  very 
business  of  the  historian  is  to  relate  the  history  of  events  as  they 
happened.  He  must  always  shine;  but,  labouring  for  effect,  he 
wholly  omits  the  obvious  consideration  that  relief  is  absolutely 
necessary  to  produce  it;  and  forgets  that  a  strong,  unbroken  light 
may  dazzle  without  pleasing,  or  may  shine  rather  than  illuminate, 
and  that  a  broad  glare  may  be  as  confused  and  uninteresting  as 
darkness  itself.  The  main  fault  of  his  style  is  the  perpetual 
effort  which  it  discloses.  Hume  may  have  concealed  his  art  better 
than  Robertson,  yet  the  latter  is  ever  at  his  entire  ease,  while 
Gibbon  is  ever  in  the  attitudes  of  the  Academy ;  he  is  almost  ago 
nistic.  He  can  tell  you  nothing  in  plain  terms,  unadorned  with 
figure,  unseasoned  with  epigram  and  point." — Lord  Brougham's 
Men  of  Letters  and  Science,  second  series. 

The  remarks  of  Mr.  Prescott  in  this  connexion— him 
self  a  historian  of  the  very  first  rank — are  worthy  of  con- 
gideration : 

"  The  first  two  octavo  volumes  of  Gibbon's  History  were  written 
in  a  comparatively  modest  and  unaffected  manner,  for  he  was  then 
uncertain  of  public  fiivour.  Aud,  indeed,  his  style  was  exceed 
ingly  commended  by  the  most  competent  critics  of  that  day,  as 
Hume,  Joseph  Warton,  and  others,  as  is  abundantly  shown  in 
their  correspondence.  But  when  he  had  tasted  the  sweets  of 
popular  applause,  and  had  been  crowned  as  the  historian  of  the 
day,  his  increased  consequence  becomes  at  once  visible  in  the  as 
sumed  stateliness  and  magnificence  of  his  learnino-  But  even 
after  this  period,  whenever  the  subject  is  suited  to  his  style,  and 
When  his  phlegmatic  temper  is  warmed  by  those  generous  emotions 
of  which,  as  we  have  said,  it  was  sometimes  susceptible,  he  ex 
hibits  his  ideas  in  the  most  splendid  and  imposing  forms  of  which 
the  English  language  is  capable."— Biog.  and  Grit.  Miscellanies. 


It  will  now  be  interesting  to  see  what  was  the  author's 
own  opinion  of  the  comparative  merits  of  his  different 
volumes : 

'•  The  style  of  the  first  volume,  in  my  opinion,  is  somewhat  crude 
and  elaborate ;  in  the  second  and  third  it  is  ripened  into  ease,  cor 
rectness  and  numbers;  but  in  the  three  last  I  may  have  been 
seduced  by  the  facility  of  my  pen,  and  the  constant  habit  of  speak 
ing  one  language  and  writing  another  may  have  infused  some 
aixture  of  Gallic  idioms." — Autobiography. 

The  tribute  of  the  historian  of  Modern  Europe  to  his 
great  predecessor  is  truly  eloquent : 

ik  Gibbon,  the  architect  of  abridge  over  the  dark  gulf  which  sepa 
rates  ancient  from  modern  times,  whose  vivid  genius  has  tinged 
with  brilliant  colours  the  greatest  historical  work  in  existence." — 
ALISON*. 

A  brief  extract  from  the  able  critique  of  Professor 
Smyth  is  all  for  which  we  can  find  space : 

If  his  work  be  not  always  history,  it  is  often  something  more 
than  history,  and  above  it:  it  is  philosophy,  it  is  theology,  it  is 
wit  and  eloquence,  it  is  criticism  the  most  masterly  upon  every 
ubject  with  which  literature  can  be  connected.  If  the  style  be 
so  constantly  elevated  as  to  be  often  obscure,  to  be  often  mono 
tonous,  to  be  sometimes  even  ludicrously  disproportioned  to  the 
subject,  it  must  at  the  same  time  be  allowed,  that,  whenever  an 
opportunity  presents  itself,  it  is  the  striking  and  adequate  repre 
sentation  of  comprehensive  thought  and  weighty  remark.  It  may 
be  necessary  no  doubt  to  warn  the  student  against  the  imitation 
of  a  mode  of  writing  so  little  easy  and  natural.  But  the  very  ne 
cessity  of  the  caution  implies  the  attraction  that  is  to  be  resisted, 
and  it  must  be  confessed  that  the  chapters  of  the  Decline  and  Fall 
are  replete  with  paragraphs  of  such  melody  and  grandeur  as  would 
be  the  fittest  to  convey  to  a  youth  of  genius  the  full  charm  of 
literary  composition;  and  such  as,  when  once  heard,  however 
unattainable  to  the  immaturity  of  his  own  mind,  he  would  alone 
consent  to  admire,  or  hope  to  emulate.  .  .  .  When  such  is  the 
work,  it  is  placed  beyond  the  justice  or  the  injustice  of  criticism; 
the  Christian  may  have,  but  too  often,  very  just  reason  to  com 
plain,  the  moralist  to  reprove,  the  man  of  taste  to  censure, — even 
the  historical  inquirer  may  be  fatigued  and  irritated  by  the 
unseasonable  and  obscure  splendour  through  which  he  is  to  dis 
cover  the  objects  of  his  research.  But  the  whole  is.  notwithstand 
ing,  such  an  assemblage  of  merits,  so  various,  so  interesting,  and 
so  rare,  that  the  History  of  the  Decline  and  Fall  must  always  be 
considered  as  one  of  the  most  extraordinary  monuments  that  have 
appeared  of  the  literary  powers  of  a  single  mind,  and  its  fame  can 
perish  only  with  the  civilization  of  the  world." — Lect.  on  Mod. 
Hist. 

"  Gibbon  is  a  writer  full  of  thoughts;  his  language  is  in  general 
powerful  and  exquisite,  but  it  has,  to  a  great  excess,  the  faults  of 
elaborateness,  pompousness,  and  monotony.  His  style  is  full  of 
Latin  and  French  words  and  phrases.  .  .  .  The  work  of  Gibbon, 
however  instructive  and  fascinating  it  may  be,  is  nevertheless  at 
bottom  an  offensive  one,  on  account  of  his  deficiency  in  feeling, 
and  his  propensity  to  the  infidel  opinions  and  impious  mockeries 
of  Voltaire.  These  are  things  extremely  unworthy  of  a  historian, 
and  in  the  periodic  and  somewhat  cumbrous  style  of  Gibbon  they 
appear  set  off  to  far  less  advantage  than  in  the  light  and  airy  com 
positions  of  his  master.  He  never  seems  to  be  naturally  a  wit,  but 
impresses  us  with  the  idea  that  he  would  very  fain  be  one  if  he 
could."— Frederick  SchlegeVs  Lect.  on  the  Hist,  of  Literature. 

"Gibbon's  manner,  which  many  have  censured.  I  think,  in  gene 
ral,  well  suited  to  the  work.  In  the  Decline  and  Fall  of  the  Roman 
Empire,  there  is  too  much  to  sadden  and  disgust;  a  smile  in  such 
a  narrative  on  some  occasions  is  far  from  unacceptable :  if  it  should 
be  succeeded  by  a  sneer,  it  is  not  the  sneer  of  bitterness,  which 
falls  not  on  debility;  nor  of  triumph,  which  accords  not  with  con 
tempt.  The  colours,  it  is  true,  are  gorgeous,  like  those  of  the  setting 
sun ;  and  such  were  wanted.  The  style  is  much  swayed  by  the 
sentiment,  Would  that  which  is  propeV  for  the  historian  of  Fabius 
and  Scipio,  of  Hannibal  and  Pyrrhus,  be  proper,  too,  for  Augus- 
tulus  and  the  Popes?" — WALTER  SAVAGE  LANDOR. 

"  Gibbon  1  detect  a  frequent  poacher  in  the  Philosophical  Essays 
of  Bolingbroke:  as  in  his  representation  of  the  unsocial  character 
of  the  Jewish  religion ;  and  in  his  insinuation  of  the  suspicions 
cast  by  succeeding  miracles,  acknowledged  to  be  false,  on  prior  ones 
contended  to  be  true.  Indeed  it  seems  not  unlikely  that  he  caught 
the  first  hint  of  his  theological  chapters  from  this  work." — Green's 
Diary  of  a  Lover  of  Literature. 

We  extract  a  part  of  the  quotation  which  Gibbon  him 
self  quotes,  with  no  little  complacency,  from  the  Biblio- 
theca  of  Meuselius : 

"Summis  sevi  nostri  historicis  Gibbonus  sine  dubio  adnumer- 
andus  est.  Inter  capitolii  ruinas  stans  primum  hujus  operi  scri- 
bendi  consilium  cepit.  Florentissimos  vitae  annos  colligendo  et 
laborando  eidem  impendit.  Enatum  inde  monumentum  aere  pe- 
rennius,  licet  passim  appareant  sinistre  dicta,  minus  perfecta,  vert 
tati  non  satis  consentanea." 

Gibbon,  J.  Day  Fatality;  or,  some  Observ.  upon 
Days  lucky  and  unlucky,  <fcc.,  1679,  fol.  Reprinted  in  Au 
brey's  Miscellanies,  and  in  the  Harleian  Miscellany. 

Gibbon,  John,  1629-1719  ?  an  ancestor  of  the  histo 
rian,  educated  at  Jesus  Coll.,  Camb.,  after  leading  for  some 
time  a  soldier's  life  in  France,  the  Netherlands,  and  Vir 
ginia,  obtained  the  appointment  of  Blue  Mantle  by  the 
patronage  of  Sir  Wm.  Dugdale,  then  Norroy.  He  pub. 
several  works,  the  best-known  of  which  is  Introductio  ad 
Latinam  Blasoniam,  Lon.,  1682,  8vo. 

"  An  original  attempt,  which  Camden  had  desiderated,  to  define, 
in  a  Roman  idiom,  the  terms  and  attributes  of  a  Gothic  institu 
tion.  .  .  .  His  manner  is  quaint  and  affected;  his  order  is  con 
fused:  but  he  displays  some  wit,  more  reading,  and  still  more  en 
thusiasm  ;  and  if  an  enthusiast  be  often  absurd,  he  is  never  Ian- 


GIB 

gnid.  An  English  text  is  perpetually  interspersed  with  Latin 
sentences  in  prose  and  verse;  but  in  his  own  poetry  he  claims  an 
exemption  from  the  laws  of  prosody."— Edward  Gibbon's  Auto- 

Gibbon,  Thomas.  Account  of  the  Cromwell  Family, 

1773,  8vo. 

Gibbon,  Wm.     Serms.,  1743,  '47,  4to. 

Gibbous,  Christopher,  Mus.  Doc.,  son  of  Orlando 
Gibbons,  was  also  a  composer  of  music. 

Gibbons,  D.  1.  Lex  Tetnporis,  Lon.,  1835,  12mo. 
2.  Law  of  Fixtures,  1836,  12mo.  3.  Law  of  Dilapidations 
and  Nuisances,  1839,  '49,  8vo.  4.  Metropol.  Building  Act, 
1844,  fp.  8vo. 

Gibbons,  Ellis,  son  of  Orlando  Gibbons,  was  also  a 
composer  of  music. 

Gibbons,Orlando,  1583-1625,  a  celebrated  composer 
of  music.  Madrigals  and  Mottets  for  Viols  and  Voyces, 
Lon.,  1612.  This  vol.  is  Tenor.  He  composed  the  tunes 
for  George  Wither's  trans,  of  Hymns  and  Songs  of  the 
Church,  and  many  pieces  of  music. 

Gibbons,  Richard,  1549-1632,  a  learned  Jesuit,  born 
at  Winchester,  pub.  F.  Riberae  Com.  in  duodecim  Pro- 
phetas  minores,  Doway,  1612,  and  several  other  works. 
See  Alegambe ;  Dodd's  Ch.  Hist. 

Gibbons,  Thomas,  D.D.,  1720-1785,  a  Calvinist  dis 
senting  divine,  a  native  of  Reak,  minister  of  the  Inde 
pendent  congregation  at  Haberdashers'  Hall,  London, 
1743-85.  He  pub.  many  serms.,  theolog.  treatises,  poems, 
memoirs,  a  collection  of  hymns,  <fcc.,  1743-87.  Among  his 
best-known  works  are,  1.  The  Christian  Minister;  in  three 
Poetical  Epistles  to  Philander,  Ac.,  Lon.,  1772,  8vo. 

"  Here  you  have  a  thousand  hints  respecting  the  reading  of  the 
best  authors,  the  composing  of  sermons,  &c." — Cotton  Mather. 

2.  Rhetoric,  1767,  8vo.  3.  Memoirs  of  eminently  pious 
Women,  1777,  2  vols.  8vo.  New  ed.,  enlarged,  by  Rev. 
George  Jerment  and  Rev.  Sarnl.  Burder,  1815,  3  vols.  8vo. 
4.  Memoirs  of  Dr.  Isaac  Watts,  1780,  8vo.  5.  Serms.  on 
Evangel,  and  Prac.  Subjects,  1787,  3  vols.  8vo. 

"  Directed  to  a  practical  purpose,  and  tend  to  form  the  heart  to 
piety  and  goodness.  The  style  is  plain  and  properly  adapted  to 
the  pulpit." — Lon.  Monthly  Rev. 

See  DAVIES,  REV.  SAMUEL. 

Gibbons,  Thomas,  M.D.  Medical  Cases  and  Re 
marks,  Sudbury,  1799,  8vo;  2d  ed.,  Lon.,  1801,  8vo.  Con. 
to  Ann.  of  Med.,  1796. 

Gibbons,  Wm.     Iron  Trade,  &c.,  Lon.,  1785,  8vo. 

Gibbs,  Dr.     Cures  of  King's  Evil,  Loni,  1712,  8vo. 

Gibbs,  George.  1.  The  Judicial  Chronicle,  Camb., 
1834,  8vo.  2.  Memoirs  of  the  Administrations  of  Wash 
ington  and  John  Adams.  Edited  from  the  papers  of  Oliver 
Wolcott,  Secretary  of  the  Treasury,  N.York,1846,2vols.8vo. 

"  Of  inestimable  value  for  its  authentic  materials." — PRESIDENT 
KING. 

"  Mr.  Gibbs  [the  grandson  of  Oliver  Wolcott]  has  performed  his 
task  extremely  well." — North  American. 

Gibbs,  Dr.  James.  1.  Poem,  Lon.,  1700,  fol.  2.  The 
first  15  Psalms  of  David  trans,  into  lyric  verse,  1701,  4to. 

Gibbs,  James,  1674F-1754,  an  eminent  architect,  a 
native  of  Aberdeen.  1.  Book  of  Architecture,  Lon.,  1728, 
fol.  2.  Rules,  Ac.  rel.  to  Architecture,  1732,  '38,  fol. 
3.  Bibliotheca  Radcliviana,  1747,  fol.  4.  Trans,  of  Osorio's 
Latin  Hist,  of  the  Portugese,  1752,  2  vols.  8vo. 

Osorius  has,  from  the  purity  of  his  language  and  taste 
been  called  the  Cicero  of  Portugal. 

Gibbs,  John.     Serms.,  1698. 

Gibbs,  John.  English  Gothic  Architecture,  Lon., 
1855,  imp.  4to. 

"  Mr.  Gibbs's  designs  evince  a  great  amount  of  professional  skill 
and  good  taste,  and  will  bear  comparison  with  the  best  works  of  a 
similar  nature  of  Mr.  Pugin." — Oxford  Chronicle. 

Gibbs,  Josiah  Willard,  Prof,  of  Sacred  Literature 
in  Yale  College  since  1824.  A  Hebrew  and  Eng.  Lexicon 
to  the  Old  Test.,  including  the  Biblical  Chaldee,  from  the 
German  Works  of  Prof.  W.  Gesenius,  Andover,  1824,  r.  8vo  ; 
Lon.,  1827,  8vo;  2d  ed.,  1832, 8vo.  Of  this  excellent  work, 
which  may  be  called  a  new  Hebrew  and  English  Lexicon 
an  ed.  for  schools  was  pub.  in  Andover,  1828,  8vo ;  2d  ed., 
Tf.  Haven,  1832,  8vo ;  Lon.,  1833,  8vo.  An  account  of  thes( 
works  will  be  found  in  Home's  Bibl.  Bib.,  Lon.  Evangel 
Mag.,  &c.  Philological  Studies,  with  English  Illustrations 
N.  Haven,  1857,  12mo.  A  New  Latin  Analyst,  1859. 

Gibbs,  Philip.  Hist.  acct.  of  Compendious  and 
Swift  Writing,  <fcc.,  Lon.,  1736,  8vo. 

"The  historical  account  displays  extensive  reading,  impartial 
judgment,  and  much  knowledge  of  the  theory  of  the  art.  but  th« 
system  is  singularly  obscure  and  confused." — Lnwndes's  Bibl.  Man 
See  Dr.  Birch's  Ded.  to  the  Life  of  Archbishop  Tillotson. 
Gibbs,  Philip.     Theolog.  treatises,  1737-40. 
Gibbs,  Richard.     The  new  Disorders  of  Love:  a 
Novel,  1687,  8vo. 


GIB 

Gibbs,  Samuel.  Common  Recoveries,  Lon.,1821,8vo. 

Gibbs,  T.  M.  Trans,  into  English  of  M.  le  Royde 
Gomberville's  Doctrine  of  Morality,  Lon.,  1721,  fol. 

Gibbs,  Sir  Vicary,  1752-1820,  Chief- Justice  of  the 
Common  Pleas,  1813-20.  1.  Speech  in  Defence  of  T. 
[lardy,  1795,  8vo.  2.  Speech  in  Defence  of  John  Home 
Tooke,  1795,  8vo. 

Gibbs,  W.  Handbook  of  Architectural  Ornament, 
Lon.,  1851,  8vo. 

Gibbs,  Wm.     Funl.  Serm.,  1699,  4to. 

Giblett,  Paul.     Calumnies  of  G.  Harrower,  1815. 

Gibney,  John,  M.D.  1.  Sea  Bathing,  1813,  8vo. 
2.  Vapour  Bath,  8vo. 

"  The  work  is  both  instructive  and  amusing ;  and  though  ob- 
iously  written  for  the  public,  is  not  without  its  value  to  the 
profession." — Lon.  Lancet. 

Gibson.     Funl.  Serm.,  Lon.,  1692,  4to. 

Gibson.  Memoirs  of  Queen  Annej  being  a  Supp.  to 
the  Hist,  of  her  Reign,  1729,  8vo. 

Gibson,  Abraham.     Serms.,  1613,  '19,  8vo. 

Gibson,  Sir  Alexander,  of  Durie.  Decisions  of  the 
Lords  of  Council  and  Session,  1621-42,  Edin.,  1690,  fol. 

Gibson,  Antony.  A  Woman's  Woorth  defended 
against  all  the  Men  in  the  World,  proving  them  to  be 
more  perfect,  excellent,  and  absolute  in  all  virtuous  Actions 
than  any  Man  of  what  Qualitie  soever.  Written  by  one 
that  has  heard  much,  seene  much,  but  knowes  a  great  deal 
more,  Lon.,  1599,  8vo.  Antony  Gibson  was  the  editor  of 
this  work,  which  is  supposed  to  be  a  trans,  from  the  Cham 
pion  des  Fernmes  of  the  Chevalier  de  PEscale.  The  hearty 
gallantry  of  the  title  is  very  observable,  and  his  positions 
perhaps  not  far  out  of  the  way. 

Gibson,  Art.  1.  Club  Serms.,  Lon.,  1844,  12mo ;  3d 
ed.,  1854.  2.  Serms.  on  various  subjects,  1853,  12mo. 

Gibson,  Benj.  1.  Artificial  Pupil  of  the  Eye,  Lon., 
1811,  8vo.  2.  Con.  to  Nichol.  Jour.,  1806. 

Gibson,  Edmund,  D.D.,  1669-1748,  a  native  of 
Bampton,  Westmoreland,  entered  Queen's  Coll.,  Oxf.,  1686; 
Rector  of  Lambeth,  1703;  Archdeacon  of  Surrey,  1710; 
Bishop  of  Lincoln,  1715;  trans,  to  London,  1723.  He  was 
a  learned  theologian  and  a.ntiquary,  and  pub.  a  number  of 
works,  among  which  are  the  following:  1.  Chronicon  Sax- 
onicum,  trans,  into  Latin  with  the  Saxon  original,  and 
Gibson's  Notes,  Oxf.,  1692,  4to. 

"  Allowed  by  the  learned  to  be  the  best  remains  extant  of  Saxon 
antiquity." 

2.  Trans,  of  Camden's  Britannia  into  English,  with  ad 
ditions,  1722,  2  vols.  fol. ;  1753,  '72.  See  CAMDEN,  WIL 
LIAM.  3.  Reliquiae  Spelmanniae,  with  Life  of  the  author, 
&c.,  1698,  fol.  4.  Synodus  Ahglicana,  1702,  8vo.  5.  The 
Holy  Sacrament  Explained,  1705,  8vo.  Anon.  Often  Re 
printed.  6.  Family  Devotion,  1705,  8vo.  Anon.  7.  Codex 
Juris  Ecclesiae  Angjicanpe,  Lon.,  1713,  2  vols.  fol.;  2d  ed., 
enlarged  and  corrected,  Oxf.,  1761,  2  vols.  fol.  A  splendid 
work  from  the  Clarendon  press. 

"  This  is  by  much  the  most  valuable  work  we  have  on  this  sub 
ject;  it  may  be  proper,  however,  to  read  along  with  it  a  pamphlet 
said  to  have  been  written  by  Judge  Foster,  entitled  An  Examina 
tion  of  the  Scheme  of  Church  Power  laid  down  in  the  Codex  Juris 
Ecclesiastic!  Anglicani,  Third  edition,  Lon.,  1736."  —  BISHOP 
WATSON. 

8.  Pastoral  Lett,  on  Infidelity,  Lon.,  1728,  '29,  8vo.  This 
was  occasioned  by  Woolston's  Discourses  on  Miracles. 

"An  excellent  pastoral  letter,  written,  as  all  his  are,  with  great 
clearness  and  strength." — Ldand's  Deistical  Writers. 

Three  Pastoral  Letters,  1732,  8vo.  Five,  1760,  12mo; 
and  Four  are  reprinted  in  Bishop  Randolph's  Enchiridion 
Theologicum. 

"  Gibson's  Pastoral  Letters  contain  a  clear  and  excellent  sum 
mary  of  the  arguments  in  defence  of  Gospel  revelation,  as  well  as 
a  powerful  preservative  against  the  writings  that  fevour  the  cause 
of  Infidelity." — Owen's  Directions. 

'*  Some  useful  remarks — of  Tillotson' s  School." — BickersteWs  C.  S. 

10.  A  Collect,  of  the  principal  Treatises  against  Popery 
1738,  3  vols.  fol.  New  ed.,  edited  and  revised  for  Brit 
Reform  Soc.,  by  John  Gumming,  D.D.,  1848-49,  18  vols 
8vo.  Supp.,  1850,  8  vols.  8vo. 

"  A  valuable  collection  of  tracts  against  popery,  chiefly  on  ra 
tional  and  argumentative  grounds.  It  embodies  several  valuable 
Protestant  pamphlets,  and  though  wanting  in  the  evangelical 
spirit  of  the  Reformation,  as  far  as  just  argument  and  just  reason 
ing  go,  it  furnishes  an  armoury  of  weapons  against  popery." — 

BlCKERSTETH. 

"  An  impregnable  barrier  against  the  usurpations  and  supersti 
tions  of  the  Church  of  Rome." — JEREMY  BENTHAH. 

The  theological  student  should  also  procure  Lud.  Le 
Blanc's  Theses  Theologicae,  1683,  fol. 

"  This  work  may  very  properly  accompany  Gibson's  Preservative 
against  Popery,  as  it  is  written  with  great  learning  and  candour, 
upon  the  principal  subjects  of  controversy  between  the  Roman, 
and  the  Reformed  Churches." — BISHOP  WATSON. 

"  Highly  worthy  of  an  attentive  perusal."— MOSHEIJT. 


GIB 


GIF 


Bishop  Gibson  also  pub.  several  occasional  serms., 
tracts,  Ac. 

"In  private  life  he  possessed  the  social  virtues  in  an  eminent 
degree,  and  his  beneficence  was  very  extensive." 

See  Biog.  Brit;  Whiston's  Life ;  Coxe's  Life  of  Walpole  j 
Censura  Literaria. 

Gibson,  Francis.  1.  Streamshall  Abbey;  a  Play, 
1800,  8vo.  2.  Mem.  of  the  Bastile,  1802,  8vo.  3.  Con. 
to  Archseol.,  1792. 

Gibson,  Henry.     Con.  to  Med.  Obs.  and  Inq.,  1770. 
Gibson,  James.    Jour,  of  the  Siege  of  Cape  Breton, 
1745,  8vo. 

Gibson,  James.     Theolog.  treatises,  Ac.,  1830,  Ac. 
Gibson,  John.     His  Catechisme,  Lon.,  1579,  8vo. 
Gibson,  John,  D.D.     Serm.,  1719,  8vo. 
Gibson,  John.     Serm.,  1727,  8vo. 
Gibson,  John.     Serm.,  Edin.,  1762,  8vo. 
Gibson,  John.     Serm.,  Edin.,  1768,  8vo. 
Gibson,  John,  M.D.     1.  The  Fruit  Gardener,  Lon., 
1768,  8vo.  Anon.    Doubtful.    2.  Fevers,  1769,  8vo.    3.  The 
Principal  Elements ;  or,  Primary  Particles  of  Bodies  in 
quired  into,  Ac.,1772,8vo.  4.  Bilious  Diseases,Ac.,1799,8vo. 
Gibson,  John.     Midwifery,  Colches.,  1773,  12mo. 
Gibson,  John.     Odes  and  other  Poems,  1818,  8vo. 
Gibson,  John.     Serms.,  Ac.,  1837,  Ac. 
Gibson,  Joseph.     Con.  to  Ed.  Med.  Ess.,  1731. 
Gibson,  Joseph.  Hist,  of  Glasgow,  Glasg.,  1777, 8vo. 
Gibson,  Rev.  Kennet.     Comment,  upon  part  of  the 
5th  Jour,  of  Antoninus  through  Britain,  Lon.,  1800,  4to. 
Posth. ;  ed.  and  enlarged  by  Richard  Gough. 

Gibson,  Leonard.  Tower  of  Trustinesse,  Lon., 
16mo.  Sine  anno.  In  verse  and  prose. 

Gibson,  Matthew.  Churches  of  Door,  Hume-Lacy, 
and  Hempsted,  Lon.,  1727,  4to. 

Gibson,  Robert.  Land  Surveying,  Lon.,  1767,  8vo. 
New  ed.  by  M.  Trotter,  1850,  8vo. 

Gibson,  Samuel.     Serms.,  1645,  1709. 
Gibson,  T.,  of  St.  Matthew's,  Bethnal  Green.     Lects. 
on  the  Hist,  of  Joseph,  Lon.,  1853,  8vo. 

"  Useful  information,  pleasing  description,  and  faithful  teaching 
are  combined  in  these  Lectures." — Jour,  of  Sacred  Lit.,  Oct.  1853. 
Gibson,  T.  A.     Educational  works,  Lon.,  1840,  Ac. 
Gibson,  Thomas,  d.  1562,  a  learned  printer  and 
physician,  wrote  several  medical  and  theolog.  works.     He 
was  a  warm  friend  to  the  Reformation.     See  Tanner ;  Bale ; 
Athen.  Oxon.;  Aikin's  Biog.  Mem.  of  Med. 
Gibson,  Thomas.     Serms.,  1584,  1618. 
Gibson,  Thomas.     Syntaxis  Mathematica,  1655. 
Gibson,  Thomas,  M.D.    Anatomy  of  Human  Bodies 
Epitomized,  Lon.,  1682,  '84,  '88,  '97,  1703,  8vo. 
Gibson,  Thomas.     An  Ode,  Lon.,  1755,  4to. 
Gibson,  W.     Tythes,  1673,  4to. 

Gibson,  W.  S.,  has  pub.  several  works  on  Geology, 
Topography,  Literary  History,  Ac.,  Lon.,  1840-54.  His 
work  On  the  Mediaeval  Writers  of  English  History  was  pub. 
in  1848,  8vo. 

Gibson,  Capt.  Walter  M.  The  Prison  of  Weltevre- 
den ;  or,  a  Glance  at  the  East  Indian  Archipelago.  Capt.  G. 
here  gives  an  account  of  his  adventures  and  his  imprison 
ment  by  the  Dutch.  See  Putnam's  Mag.,  Dec.  1855,  p.  651. 
Gibson,  Westby.  Forest  and  Fireside  Hours;  Ori 
ginal  Poems,  3d  ed.,  Lon.,  1855. 

"  Worthy  of  distinguished  notice." — Lon.  Literary  Gazette. 
Gibson,  Wm.     Works  on  farriery,  Lon.,  1720-55. 
Gibson,  Wm.     Poetical  works,  Lon.,  1772-81. 
Gibson,  Wm.    1.  Elidure  and  Ella;  a  Cambrian  Tale, 
Ac.,  Lon.,  1805.     2.  Stone  Cross;  in  ArchaeoL,  1803. 

Gidde,  or  Gedde,  Walter.     1.  Draughts  for  Gar 
deners,  Glasiers,  and  Plaisterers,  Lon.,  1615,  4to.    New  ed., 
with  addits.,  117  Plates,  edited  by  H.  Shaw,  1848,  8vo. 
2.  The  Manner  how  to  Anneile,  or  Paint  in  Glass,  1616,  4to» 
Giddiugs,  Joshua  R.,  for  twenty  years  a  Representa 
tive  of  the  State  of  Ohio  in  the  Congress  of  the  U.S.     The 
Exiles  of  Florida,  Columbus,  Ohio,  1858,  12mo.     Reviewed 
by  Josiah  Quincy,  in  Atlantic  Monthly. 
Giddy,  Davies.    See  GILBKRT,  DAVIES. 
Giesecke,  Prof.     Mineral  System,  Dubl.,  1815,  8vo. 
Giffard,  Dr.,  a  native  of  Ireland,  editor  of  the  St. 
James's    Chronicle,  1819-27;  of  the    London    Standard, 
1827,  to  the  present  time,  (1855.)     Dr.  G.  is  a  warm  sup 
porter  of  Protestant  interests  in  Ireland. 

Giffard,  B.  Serms.  in  (vol.  ii.  153)  Catholick  Serms., 
Lon.,  1741,  2  vols.  8vo. 

Giffard,  Edward.  1.  A  visit  to  the  Ionian  Islands, 
Athens,  and  the  Morea,  Lon.,  1837,  p.  8vo. 

"  Mr.  Giffard's  work  is  very  creditable  to  its  author." — Lon. 
Quar.  Rev. 

2.  Deeds  of  Naval  Daring,  1852,  fp.  8vo ;  2d  Series,  1854. 
666 


Giffard,  Francis.     Serms.,  1681,  4to. 

Giffard,  George.     See  GYFFARD. 

Giffard,  Hardinge.     Ode  for  Oct.  25,  1809,  12mo. 

Giffard,  John.     Family  Religion,  Lon.,  1713,  '15. 

Giffard,  John.     See  GIFFORD. 

Giffard,  Wm.  1.  325  Cases  in  Midwifery;  revised 
and  pub.  by  Edward  Hody,  M.D.,  Lon.,  1734,  4to.  2.  Con. 
to  Phil.  Trans.,  1726,  '30. 

Gifford.  Dissert,  on  the  Song  of  Solomon  and  a  poet 
version,  Lon.,  1751,  8vo.  Anon. 

"  The  writer  considers  the  poem  as  a  pastoral,  composed  by  Solo 
mon  for  the  amusement  of  his  lighter  hours,  shortly  after  his  nup 
tials  with  Pharaoh's  daughter."— Orme's  Bibl.  Bib. 

Gifford,  Andrew,  D.D.,  1700-1784,  a  Baptist  minis 
ter  and  noted  antiquary.  1.  Serm.,  1733,  8vo.  2.  Tables 
of  Eng.  Silver  and  Gold  Coins,  Lon.,  1763,  2  vols.4to; 
1772,  4to.  See  FOLKES,  MARTIN.  3.  Serm.,  1784.  See 
Nichols's  Lit.  Anec. ;  Lon.  Gent.  Mag.,  vol.  liv. 

Gifford,  Archer,  of  Newark,  N.  Jersey.  1.  N.  Jersey 
Statutory  Constructions,  Newark,  1852,  r.  8vo.  2.  N.  Jer 
sey  Statutory  Index,  1852,  r.  8vo.  3.  Unison  of  the  Liturgy : 
vol.  i.,  1856,  12mo;  vol.  ii.  is  ready  for  the  press,  (1858.) 

Gifford,  Bonaventura,  D.D.     Serm.,  1687,  4to. 

Gifford,  C.  H.  Hist,  of  the  Wars  occasioned  by  the 
French  Revolution,  Lon.,  1816,  4to.  A  good  subject.  See 
CLIFFORD,  ROB. 

'•  In  little  estimation."— Lovmdes's  Bibl.  Man. 

Gifford,  E.  Castleton.  France  and  England;  or, 
Scenes  in  each,  Lon.,  1815,  2  vols.  12mo. 

Gifford,  George.     Mystery  of  Providence,  1695. 

Gifford,  Humfrey.  A  Posie  of  Gilloflowers,  eche 
differing  from  other  in  Colour  and  Odour,  yet  all  sweete, 
Lon.,  1580,  4to. 

"The  only  known  copy  of  this  book  is  in  the  royal  library." — 
Lowndes's  Bibl.  Man. 

"This  very  same  volume  contains  prose  translations  from  the 
Italian  and  French,  and  a  collection  of  poems,  devotional,  moral, 
and  narrative.  Gifford  wrote  with  great  facility,  as  will  appear 
from  the  following  specimens." — Ellis's  Specimens. 

Gifford,  James.  1.  Unity  of  God,  5th  ed.,  Lon., 
1815,  8vo.  2.  Remonstrance  of  a  Unitarian,  1818,  8vo. 

Gifford,  John.  De  Ratione  Alendi  Ministros  Evan- 
gelicus,  et  Querela  et  Mystarum  Calamitatibus,  Hamb., 
1619,  8vo. 

Gifford,  John,  1758-1818,  whose  real  name  was  John 
Richards  Green,  assisted  in  the  establishment  of  the 
British  Critic,  1793,  and  the  Anti-Jacobin  Review,  1798, 
and  pub.  a  number  of  historical  and  political  works,  among 
which  are,  1.  Hist,  of  France,  trans,  from  several  French 
authors,  Lon.,  1791-94,  5  vols.  4to.  2.  Reign  of  Louis 
XVI.,  and  Hist,  of  the  French  Revolution,  1794,  '96,  4to. 

3.  Narrative  of  the  Transac.  rel.  to  Louis  XVI.,  1795,  4to. 

4.  Residence  in  France  in  1792-95,  in  Letters  from  an  Eng 
lish  Lady,  1797,  2  vols.  8vo;  3  eds.  pub.     Not  written,  but 
pub.,  by  Gifford. 

"  It  is  only  justice  to  say,  that  the  style  is  as  polished  as  the 
matter  is  interesting  and  important;  nor  have  we  any  doubt  that 
the  book  will  remain  a  permanent  monument  of  the  taste  and 
talents  of  the  writer."— British  Critic.  April,  1797. 

5.  Hist,  of  the  Polit.  Life  of  the  Rt.  Hon.  Wm.  Pitt,  1809, 
3  vols.  r.  4to,  and  also  in  6  vols.  8vo.  For  his  defence  of 
the  government,  Gifford  was  made  a  police  magistrate  and 
rewarded  with  a  pension.  See  an  account  of  Gifford  and 
his  works,  several  of  which  were  trans,  from  the  French, 
in  the  Lon.  Gent.  Mag.,  March  and  May,  1818. 

"  Mr.  Gifford's  great  erudition  has  elevated  him  to  the  first  rank 
of  modern  authors,  and  several  of  the  productions  of  his  pen  are 
standard  works,  and  very  justly  considered  of  sterling  worth,  be 
ing  published  on  a  great  variety  of  political  subjects." — Lon.  Gent. 
Mag.,  March,  1818. 

Gifford,  John.  English  Lawyer;  or,  Every  Man  his 
own  Lawyer,  Lon.,  1827,  8vo. 

Gifford,  Richard,  d.  1807,  aged  82,  Rector  of  North 
Okendon,  Essex,  1772,  wrote  Remarks  on  Kennicott's  Dis 
sert,  on  the  Tree  of  Life  in  Paradise;  Contemplation,  a 
Poem ;  Outlines  of  an  Answer  to  Dr.  Priestley's  Disquisi 
tions  on  Matter  and  Spirit. 

Gifford,  William.  De  Turco-Papismo  contra  Re- 
ginaldi  et  Giffordi  Calvino-Turcismum,  Lon.,  1599,  fol. 

Gifford,  William,  1756-1826,  an  eminent  critic,  a 
native  of  Ashburton,  Devon,  was  the  son  of  poor  parents, 
who  left  him  an  orphan  before  he  had  attained  his  13th 
year.  The  youth  tried  the  sea  for  a  short  time  in  a  coast 
ing-vessel,  and  was  subsequently  bound  to  a  shoemaker, 
with  whom  he  remained  until  he  had  almost  reached  the 
age  of  twenty,  when  he  was  sent  to  Oxford  by  the  kind 
offices  of  Mr.  Cookesley,  a  surgeon  of  the  town.  After 
leaving  college,  he  travelled  in  Europe  as  companion  to 
Lord  Belgrave,  and  on  his  return  settled  in  London  and 
devoted  his  attention  to  literature. 


GIF 


GIL 


In  1794  he  pub.  the  Baviad,  a  poetical  satire,  in  imita 
tion  of  the  first  satire  of  Persius, — elicited  by  the  effusions 
of  Mrs.  Piozzi,  Bertie  Greatheae,  Robert  Merry,  William 
Parsons,  <fcc.  The  history  of  the  literary  party  at  Florence 
is  familiar  to  many  of  our  readers.  In  1795  appeared  his 
Mjeviad,  an  imitation  of  Horace,  which  was  aimed  at  the 
low  state  of  dramatic  authorship  then  prevailing.  These 
satires  were  so  greatly  admired  that  the  6th  ed.  of  the  two 
was  pub.  in  1800,  in  a  12mo  vol.  In  1797  he  became  editor 
of  the  Anti-Jacobin,  a  weekly  paper,  established  by  Mr. 
Canning  and  other  gentlemen.  During  the  twelvemonth 
of  the  existence  of  this  paper,  a  difficulty  with  Dr.  Wolcot 
elicited  from  Gifford  a  poetical  Epistle  to  Peter  Pindar. 
In  1802,  4to,  he  pub.  a  trans,  of  Juvenal,  and  in  the  next 
year  issued  an  Examination  of  the  Strictures  of  the  Criti 
cal  Reviewers  on  this  trans.;  a  Supp.  to  the  Examination 
was  pub.  in  1804.  In  1805,  4  vols.  Svo,  appeared  his  ex 
cellent  ed.  of  Massinger,  and  in  1816  he  gave  to  the  world 
an  ed.  of  Ben  Jonson,  9  vols.  Svo.  His  eds.  of  Ford  and 
Shirley,  completed  by  other  hands,  were  pub.  after  his  death, 
the  first  in  1827,  2  vols.  Svo,  and  the  latter  in  1833,  6  vols. 
Svo. 

But  it  was  as  editor  of  the  Quarterly  Review,  from  its 
commencement  in  1809  until  1824,  that  Mr.  Gifford  is  best 
known  to  the  world.  Many  interesting  particulars  con 
nected  with  the  editor,  and  this  famous  periodical,  will  be 
found  in  Lockhart's  Life  of  Scott,  Southey's  Life  and  Cor 
respondence,  and  other  literary  memoirs  connected  with 
the  earlier  years  of  the  present  century.  He  pub.,  with  his 
trans,  of  Juvenal,  1802,  an  autobiographical  narrative, 
•which  is  well  worth  perusal  as  an  indication  of  what  can 
be  accomplished  by  persevering  industry.  A  list  of  the 
authors  of  many  of  the  contributions  to  the  Quarterly  oc 
curs  in  the  Gent.  Mag.: 

1844,  Pt.  1,  137-141,  Writers  in  Vol.  i.-xix. 
1S44,      "      577-580,         "         "         xxi.-xxxix. 

1845,  "      599-602,         "         "         xli.-lix. 
1847,  Pt.  2,    34-  37,         "         "          Ixi.-lxxviii. 

See  also  a  paper  on  the  originators  of  the  Quarterly,  in 
Gent.  Mag.,  1844,  Pt.  1,  p.  246. 

Gifford's  trans,  of  Juvenal  has  been  pronounced  to  be 
the  "  best  poetical  version  of  a  classic  in  the  English  lan 
guage,"  whilst  Mr.  Hazlitt  declares  it  to  be  "the  baldest, 
and,  in  parts,  the  most  offensive  of  all  others." 

It  is  well  known  that  the  reviewer  displayed  but  little 
mercy  to  unfortunate  authors  whose  works  failed  to  secure 
his  approbation. 

"  He  was  a  man  with  whom  I  had  no  literary  sympathies ;  perhaps 
there  was  nothing  upon  which  we  agreed  except  great  political 
questions.  ...  He  had  a  heart  full  of  kindness  for  all  living  crea 
tures  except  authors ;  them  he  regarded  as  a  fishmonger  regards 
eels,  or  as  Isaac  Walton  did  slugs,  worms,  and  frogs.  I  always 
protested  against  the  indulgence  of  that  temper  in  his  Review." — 
Southey's  Life  and  Corresp. 

"Mr.  Gifford  was  originally  bred  to  some  handicraft;  he  after 
wards  contrived  to  learn  Latin,  and  was  for  some  time  an  usher  in 
a  school,  till  he  became  a  tutor  in  a  nobleman's  family.  The  low 
bred,  self-taught  man,  the  pedant,  and  the  dependant  on  the  great, 
contribute  to  form  the  editor  of  the  Quarterly  Review.  .  .  .  Mr. 
Giflbrd,  as  a  satirist,  is  violent  and  abrupt.  He  takes  obvious  or 
physical  defects,  and  dwells  upon  them  with  much  labour  and 
harshness  of  invective,  but  with  very  little  wit  or  spirit.  He  ex 
presses  a  great  deal  of  anger  and  contempt,  but  you  cannot  tell 
very  well  why — except  that  he  seems  to  be  sore  and  out  of  humour. 
His  satire  is  mere  peevishness  and  spleen,  or  something  worse — 
personal  antipathy  and  rancour.  \\e  are  in  quite  as  much  pain 
for  the  writer,  as  tor  the  object  of  his  resentment.  ...  As  an  editor 
of  old  authors,  Mr.  Gittbrd  is  entitled  to  considerable  praise  for  the 
pains  he  has  taken  in  revising  the  text,  and  for  some  improvements 
he  has  introduced  into  it.  He  had  better  have  spared  the  notes, 
in  which,  though  he  has  detected  the  blunders  of  previous  com 
mentators,  he  has  exposed  his  own  ill-temper  and  narrowness  of 
feeling  more.  Asa  critic,  he  has  thrown  no  light  on  the  character 
and  spirit  of  his  authors.  He  has  shown  no  strking  power  of 
analysis,  nor  of  original  illustration,  though  he  has  chosen  to  ex^ 
ercise  his  pen  on  writers  most  congenial  to  his  own  turn  of  mind 
from  their  dry  and  caustic  wit:  Massinger  and  Ben  Jonson. 
What  he  will  make  of  Marlowe,  it  is  difficult  to  guess.  He  has 
none  of  the  fiery  quality'  of  the  poet." — HazlitCs  Spirit  of  the  Age. 

"He  was  a  man  of  extensive  knowledge;  was  well  acquainted 
with  classic  and  old  English  lore;  so  learned,  that  he  considered 
all  other  people  ignorant ;  so  wise,  that  he  was  seldom  pleased  with 
any  thing ;  and,  as  he  had  not  risen  to  much  eminence  in  the 
world,  he  thought  no  one  else  was  worthy  to  rise.  He  almost 
rivalled  Jeffrey  in  wit,  and  he  surpassed  him  in  scorching  sarcasm 
and  crucifying  irony.  Jeffrey  wrote  with  a  sort  of  levity  which 
induced  men  to  doubt  if  he  were  sincere  in  his  strictures :  Gifford 
wrote  with  an  earnest  fierceness  which  showed  the  delight  which 
he  took  in  his  calling." — ALLAN  CUNNINGHAM  :  Biog.  and  Grit.  Hist, 
of  the  Lit.  of  the  last  Fifty  Years. 

"  He  was  a  man  of  rare  attainments  and  many  excellent  quali 
ties.  His  Juvenal  is  one  of  the  best  versions  ever  made  of  a 
classical  author,  and  his  satire  of  the  Baviad  and  Mseviad  squa- 
bashed  at  one  blow  a  set  of  coxcombs,  who  might  have  humbug 
ged  the  world  long  enough.  As  a  commentator  he  was  capital, 


could  he  but  have  suppressed  his  rancours  against  those  who  had 
preceded  him  in  the  task;  but  a  misconstruction  or  misinterpreta 
tion,  nay,  the  misplacing  of  a  comma,  was  in  Gifford's  eyes  a  crime 
worthy  of  the  most  severe  animadversion.  The  same  fault  of  ex 
treme  severity  went  through  his  critical  labours,  aud  in  general 
he  flagellated  with  so  little  pity,  that  people  lost  their  sense  of  the 
criminals  guilt  in  dislike  of  the  savage  pleasure  which  the  execu 
tioner  seemed  to  take  in  inflicting  the  punishment.  This  lack  of 
temper  probably  arose  from  indifferent  health,  for  he  was  very 
valetudinary,  and  realized  two  verses,  wherein  he  says  .fortune 
assigned  him 

" '  One  eye  not  over  good, 
Two  sides  that  to  their  cost  have  stood 

A  ten  years^  hectic  cough, 
Aches,  stitches,  all  the  various  ills 
That  swell  the  devilish  doctor's  bills, 

And  sweep  poor  mortals  off.' 

"But  he  might  also  justly  claim,  as  his  gift,  the  moral  qualities 
expressed  in  the  next  fine  stanza — 

"'Asoul 
That  spurns  the  crowd's  malign  control, 

A  firm  contempt  of  wrong; 
Spirits  above  affection's  power, 
And  skill  to  soothe  the  lingering  hour 

With  no  inglorious  song.' 

"  He  was  a  little  man,  dumpled  up  together,  and  so  ill-made  as 
to  seem  almost  deformed,  but  with  a  singular  expression  of  talent 
in  bis  countenance." — Sir  Walter  Scott's  Diary,  January  17,  1827. 

"William  Gifford,  the  editor  of  the  Quarterly  Review,  seems  to 
have  united  in  himself  all  the  bad  qualities  of  the  criticism  of  his 
time.  He  was  fierce,  dogmatic,  bigoted,  libellous,  and  unsympa- 
thizing.  Whatever  may  have  been  his  talents,  they  were  exqui 
sitely  unfitted  for  his  position — his  literary  judgments  being  con 
temptible,  where  any  sense  of  beauty  was  required,  and  principally 
distinguished  for  malice  and  word-picking.  The  bitter  and  snarl- 
I  ing  spirit  with  which  he  commented  on  excellence  he  could  not 
appreciate;  the  extreme  narrowness  and  shallowness  of  his  taste; 
the  laboured  blackguardism  in  which  he  was  wont  to  indulge, 
under  the  impression  that  it  was  satire;  his  detestable  habit  of 
carrying  his  political  hatreds  into  literary  criticism :  his  gross  per 
sonal  attacks  on  Hunt,  Hazlitt,  and  others,  who  might  happen  to 
profess  less  illiberal  principles  than  his  own ;  made  him  a  danger 
ous  and  disagreeable  adversary,  and  one  of  the  worst  critics  of 
modern  times.  Through  his  position  as  the  editor  of  an  influential 
journal,  his  enmity  acquired  an  importance  neither  due  to  his  ta 
lents  nor  his  character. "— E.  P.  WHIPPLE:  N.Amer.  Rev.,\x.i.  489- 
490 ;  and  in  his  Etsays  and  Reviews. 

Gifforde,  George.    See  GYFFARD. 
Gihon,  John  11.,  M.D.,  John  Sonle,  and  James 
Nisbet.     Annals  of  San  Francisco,  N.  York,  1855,  8vo. 

"This  noble  volume  contains  by  lar  the  most  satisfactory  his 
tory,  not  only  of  San  Francisco,  but  of  California,  that  we  have 
met  with." 

Gil.     See  GILL. 

Gilbank,  Joseph,  Jr.     Serm.,  1779,  4to. 
Gilbank,  W.     Serms.,  poem,  <fcc.,  1773-1804. 
Gilbart,  James  William,  General  Manager  of  the 
London  and  Westminster  Bank.     1.  A  Practical  Treatise 
on  Banking,  Lon.,  1827,  Svo;  5th  ed.,  1849,  2  vols.  8vo. 
The  6th  ed.,  in  2  vols.  12mo,  is  now  (Nov.  1855)  in  the 
press.     Reprinted,  edited  by  J.  Smith  Homans  of  Boston, 
N.  York,  1851,  8vo ;  Phila.,  1854,  Svo. 

"The  work  in  its  present  form  [5th  ed.]  is  far  more  comprehen 
sive  than  any  of  the  previous  editions,  and  embraces  a  great  va 
riety  of  topics  of  great  interest  to  bankers." — Lon.  Banker's  Mag.; 
and  see  N.  Amer.  Rev.,  Ixxiii.  270. 

2.  Hist,  and  Principles  of  Banking,  Lon.,  1834,  Svo;  2d 
ed.,  1835.     3.  Banking  in  Ireland,  1836,  Svo.     4.  Bank 
ing  in  America,  1837,  Svo.     5.  Causes  of  Pressure  on  the 
Money  Market,  1840,  Svo.    6.  Lect.  on  the  Hist,  and  Prin 
ciples  of  Ancient  Commerce,  1847,  p.  Svo;  2d  ed.,  1853. 
7.  The  Elements  of  Banking,  1852,  12mo ;  2d  ed.,  1854, 
12mo.     8.  Logic  for  the  Million,  4th  ed.,  1854,  12mo. 

"  Mr.  Gilbart's  works  on  Banking  have  attained  a  just  celebrity." 
— Lon.  Economist. 

Also  highly  commended  by  the  Spectator,  Atlas,  <fec. 
Mr.  McCulloch  objects  to  Gilbart's  partiality  for  joint- 
stock  banks,  <fcc.,  but  acknowledges — what  indeed  it  would 
be  folly  to  dispute — that  his  publications 

"  Contain  much  useful  information,  presented  in  a  clear,  com 
pendious  form." — Lit.  of  Polit.  Econ.,  q.  v. 

No  American  banker — no  banker  of  any  country,  in 
deed — should  fail  to  carefully  peruse  and  reperuse  the 
works  of  this  intelligent  member  of  the  profession. 

Gilbart,  Thomas.  Lectures  on  the  Holy  Bible, 
with  Notes,  Dubl.,  1820,  Svo. 

"A  man  of  rare  genius  and  profound  learning." — Cangrtg.  Mag. 

Gilbart,  Thomas.     See  GILBERT. 

Gilbee,  Earle,  D.D.    See  WILKS,  MATTHEW. 

Gilbert,  Mrs.  Anne.  1.  Hymns  for  Infant  Minds. 
2.  Seven  Blessings  for  Little  Children. 

"It  would  really  constitute  a  perfect  blessing,  if  little  children 
were  early  imbued  with  the  sentiments  so  beautifully  expressed 
in  this  little  work.  Jt  is  worthy  of  the  gifted  authoress,  whose 
avocation  of  writing  for  little  children  we  reckon  to  be  one  of  the 
highest  and  noblest." — Scottish  Congregational  Magazine. 

3.  The  Convalescent,  in  12  Letters,  1839,  fp.  8vo.    New 
ed.,  1840. 

667 


GIL 

"This  is  a  beautiful  book,  which  displays  tenderness  and  holy  i 
•wisdom  in  its  matter,  taste  and  elegance  in  its  manner,  and  which 
could  scarcely  be  spoken  of  with  too  much  commendation.  '—DR.  , 
J.  PTE  SMITH,  in  his  Preface  to  ;'  Wreath  for  the  Tomb." 

Gilbert,  C.  S.  Hist,  Topog.,  and  Herald.  Survey 
of  the  County  of  Cornwall,  Plymouth,  1820,  3  vols.  r.  4to. 
Gilbert,  Claude.  Tbeolog.  treatises.  Lon.,  1657-83. 
Gilbert,  Davies,  originally  named  Giddy,  1767- 
1839,  an  eminent  antiquary,  and  President  of  the  Royal 
Society,  pub.  A  Plain  Statement  of  the  Bullion  Question 
(answered  by  Banfill  and  Rutherford)  and  edited  Wm. 
Jordan's  (trans,  by  John  Keigwin)  Creation  of  the  World, 
and  some  other  Cornish  productions.  He  contributed  some 
papers  on  Cornish  topography,  <fcc.,  to  the  Antiquarian  So 
ciety,  and  essays  to  the  transactions  of  other  bodies,  Ac. 

"  Davies  Giddy,  whose  face  ought  to  be  perpetuated  in  marble 
for  the  honour  of  mathematics.  Such  a  forehead  I  never  saw."— 
SauUiey's  Life  and  Corresp.  See  an  interesting  memoir  of  Davies, 
and  an  account  of  his  literary  labours,  in  Lon.  Gent.  Mag.,  Feb.  1840. 
Gilbert,  Eleazer.  News  from  Poland  of  the  Cruel 
Practice  of  the  Popish  Clergy  against  the  Protestants,  Lon., 
1641,  8vo. 

Gilbert.  E.  W.  Bills  of  Costs,  &c.  in  Cts.  of  Q.  B., 
C.  P.,  and  Ex.  of  Pleas,  Ac.,  2d  ed.,  Lon.,  1839,  8vo. 
Gilbert,  Foliot.  See  FOLIOT,  GILBERT. 
Gilbert,  Sir  Geoffrey  or  Jeffray,  1674-1726, 
Chief  Baron  of  the  Exchequer  in  Ireland,  1715  or  1716, 
and  in  England,  1725,  left  many  valuable  MSS.,  most  of 
which  were  subsequently  published.  1.  Rep.  Cases  in 
Equity,  2d  ed.,  Lon.,  1742,  fol.  2.  Forum  Romanum,  2 
vols.  in  18mo,  Dub.,  1756 ;  Lon.,  1758.  3.  Hist,  and  Prac. 
of  Chancery,  1758.  4.  Of  the  Exchequer,  1758,  '59,  8vo. 
5.  Rents,  1758,  8vo.  6.  Cases  in  Law  and  Equity,  1760, 
8vo.  7.  Executions,  1763,  8vo.  8.  Devises,  &c.,  3d  ed., 
1763,  8vo.  9.  Civil  Actions  in  C.  Pleas,  3d  ed.,  1779,  8vo. 
10.  Ejectments,  2d  ed.,  with  addits.  by  C.  Runnington, 
1781,  8vo.  11.  Evidence,  Ac.,  5th  ed.,  by  Lofft,  1791-96, 
4  vols.  8vo.  In  addit.  to  the  treatise  on  Evidence,  this 
ed.  contains  Gilbert's  abstract  of  Locke  on  the  Understand 
ing,  and  also  (pub.  Lon.,  1752,  8vo)  an  argument  on  Ho 
micide,  and  an  account  of  the  author ;  6th  ed.  of  the  trea 
tise  on  Evidence,  by  J.  Sedgwick,  1801,  8vo  ;  Phila.,  1805, 
8vo.  12.  Uses  and  Trusts,  3d  ed.,  by  E.  B.  Sugden,  Lon., 
1811,  8vo.  13.  Distress  and  Replevin,  4th  ed.,  by  W.  J. 
Impey,  1823,  8vo.  14.  Tenures,  4th  ed.,  by  C.  Watkins, 
1796 ;  5th  ed.,  with  C.  W.'s  last  corrects,  and  addits.,  by 
R.  S.  Vidal,  1824,  8vo.  For  opinions  on  the  works  of  this 
great  law  writer,  we  must  refer  to  Black's  Com. ;  Bart. 
Conv. ;  Kent's  Com.;  Butler  and  Hargrave's  Co.  Lit.; 
Viner's  Abridgt. ;  Clarke's  Bib.  Leg.,  passim. 

"  It  was  the  hard  fate  of  his  excellent  writings  to  lose  their 
author  before  they  had  received  his  last  corrections  and  improve 
ments,  and  in  that  unfinished  state  to  be  thrust  into  the  world 
without  even  the  common  care  of  an  ordinary  edition." — GWILLIM. 
See  Judge  Story's  Digests  of  the  Common  Law;  Miscell. Writings, 
379;  or  N.  Amer.  Rev.,  xxiii.  1. 

See  Bibl.  Brit,  for  dates  of  various  eds.  of  Jeffray's  trea 
tises.  It  is  known  that  Bacon's  Abridgment,  as  originally 
pub.,  was  principally  founded  on  Baron  Gilbert's  MSS. 

Gilbert,  Sir  Humphrey,  1539-1583,  a  half-brother 
of  Sir  Walter  Raleigh,  a  soldier  and  an  enterprising  navi 
gator,  was  lost  at  sea  on  his  return  from  Newfoundland, 
of  which,  in  1583,  he  took  possession  in  the  name  of  Queen 
Elizabeth.  A  Discourse  of  a  Discouerie  for  a  new  Pas 
sage  to  Cathaia  and  the  East  Indies,  Lon.,  1576,  4to.  Re 
printed  in  Hakluyt's  Voyages. 

"  At  the  end  of  this  he  mentions  another  and  large  Discourse  on 
the  same  subject,  as  well  as  a  Discourse  of  Navigation,  both  of  which 
are  now  probably  lost." — Bliss's  Wood's  Athen.  Oxon.,  i.  496,  q.  v. 

See  also  Biog.  Brit.,  Bibl.  Brit.,  and  Lowndes's  Bibl. 
Man. 

Gilbert,  James,  is  well  known  as  the  author  of  a 
number  of  valuable  works  on  Geography,  Geology,  Politi 
cal  Economy,  <fec.,  pub.  Lon.,  1838-51. 

Gilbert,  John.     Theolog.  treatises,  1686-1706. 
Gilbert,  John,  Canon  of  St.  Peter's,  Exon.   1.  Serms. 
on  2  Sam.  xxi.  1.     2.  On  Rom.  xii.  7,  1699,  4to.     3.  Prac. 
Disc.,  1724,  8vo. 

Gilbert,  John,  d.  1761,  Bishop  of  Llandaff,  1740; 
trans,  to   Salisbury,  1748;    Archbishop  of  York,  1757; 
Occas.  Serms.,  1724,  '42,  '43,  '44,  '45,  '46. 
Gilbert,  John.     Serms.,  1744,  '46,  8vo. 
Gilbert,  John.      Chronological  Pictures  of  English 
History,  Lon.,  in  parts. 

"Most  capitally-executed  drawings.  The  spirit  given  to  the 
sketches,  and  the  striking  impression  which  this  graphic  paint 
ing  produces  upon  all  minds,  but  especially  the  young,  need  not 
be  indicated."— Oh.  of  Eng.  Quar.  Rev.,  Oct.  1842. 

Gilbert,  Joseph,  d.  1852,  aged  74,  a  Congregational 
minister  of  Nottingham,  England,  pub.  some  serins.,  <fcc., 


GIL 

and  a  work  on  the  Christian  Atonement,  (Third  Series  of 
the  Congregational  Lectures,)  Lon.,  Svo,  1836,  '52,  '54, 
which  has  been  highly  commended.  See  British  Critic, 
xxi.  450;  and  also  a  Biographical  Sketch  of  Mr.  Gilbert, 
by  his  widow,  1853,  12mo. 

Gilbert,  Nathaniel.     Serm.,  Lon.,  1805,  8vo. 

Gilbert,  Robert.     Serms.,  Lon.,  1756,  '59. 

Gilbert,  Samuel.  1.  Fons  Sanitatis,  Lon.,  1676,  Svo. 
2.  Florist's  Vade-mecum,  1682,  '83,  1702,  '13,  Svo. 

Gilbert,  or  Gilbart,  Thomas.  Death  of  John 
Lewes,  a  Hereticke,  Lon.,  1583,  broadside. 

Gilbert,  Capt.  Thomas.  1.  The  Poor,  Lon.,  1775, 
8vo.  2.  Employ,  of  the  Poor,  1781,  Svo.  3.  Voyage  from 
N.  South  Wales  to  Canton  in  1788,  '89,  4to.  See  an  ac 
count  of  this  voyage  in  Governor  Phillip's  Voyage  to  N. 
South  Wales. 

Gilbert,  Thomas,  or  Wm.,  1613-1694,  ejected  from 
the  parish  of  Edgeuiond,  Shropshire,  for  Nonconformity, 
in  1662.  England's  Passing  Bell,  1675?  4to.  This  is  a 
religious  poem. 

"  A  rough  and  harsh  piece  of  poetry,  replenished  with  phanati- 
cism  and  philosophical  terms." — Athen.  Oxon.,  where  see  an  account 
of  this  divine,  and  other  publications  of  his.  Wood  calls  him 
Thomas  Gilbert. 

Gilbert,  W.     Courts-Martial,  Lon.,  1788,  Svo. 

Gilbert,  or  Gilberd,  Wm.,  M.D.,  1540-1603,  gained 
great  reputation  at  home  and  abroad  by  his  discovery  of 
some  of  the  properties  of  the  loadstone.  1.  De  Magneto 
Magneticisque  Corporibus,  et  de  Magno  Magnete  Tellure 
Physiologia  Nova,  Lon.,  1600,  fol.  Very  rare.  New  eds., 
Sedin.,  1628,  '33,  4to.  2.  De  Mundo  Nostro  Sublunari 
Philosophia,  Nova  Amst.,  1651,  4to.  Posth.  ;  pub.  from  his 
MSS.  by  Sir  Wm.  Boswell.  For  an  account  of  this  cele 
brated  philosopher  and  his  writings,  see  Biog.  Brit. ; 
Brucker;  Athen.  Oxon.;  Morant's  Hist,  of  Essex.  His 
work  on  the  magnet 

"Contains  the  history  of  all  that  had  been  written  on  that  sub 
ject  before  his  time,  and  is  the  first  regular  system  on  this  curious 
subject;  and  may  not  unjustly  be  styled  the  parent  of  all  the  im 
provements  that  have  been  made  therein  since." 

"  Dr.Gilbert  hath  written  in  La  tine  a  large  and  learned  Discourse 
of  the  properties  of  this  Stone."— Dr.  Hakewill's  Apologie  of  the 
Power  and  Providence  of  God. 

"  A  painful  and  experimental  work." — Lord  Bacon's  Advance 
ment  of  Learning. 

"  An  admirable  searcher  into  the  nature  of  the  Loadstone." — 
Sir  Kenelm  Digby's  Treatise  of  Bodies. 

"  Famed  for  his  learning,  depth  in  philosophy,  and  admirable 
skill  in  chymistry." — Athen.  Oxon. 

And  see  Barrow's  Opuscula,  and  other  authorities  cited 
in  Biog.  Brit. 

Gilbert,  Wm.  1.  The  Angler's  Delight,  Lon.,  1676, 
12mo;  2d  ed.,  sine  anno,  and  a  fac-simile  of  2d  ed.  about 
1780.  2.  Young  Angler's  Companion,  1682. 

Gilbert,  Wm.     See  GILBERT,  THOMAS. 

Gilbert,  Wm.  The  Hurricane;  a  Theosophical  and 
Western  Eclogue,  <fcc.,  Lon.,  1797,  12mo;  1798,  Svo. 

"It  bears  evident  marks  of  having  been  written  under  the  in 
fluence  of  partial  insanity,  while,  at  the  same  time,  it  contains 
passages  of  a  high  order  of  beauty." — Lon.  Rctrosp.  Rev.,  x.  160— 
172, 1824. 

Gilbertus    Anglicus,    or   Gilbertus  Legleus, 

flourished  in  1210,  is  the  earliest  practical  English  writer 
on  medicine.  He  is  best  known  by  his  compendium  of  the 
medical  doctrines  prevailing  in  his  time,  entitled  Compen 
dium  Medicinae  tarn  Morborum  Universalium  quarn  Parti- 
cularium.  It  was  corrected  by  Michael  Cupella,  and  printed 
at  Lyons,  ap.  V.  de  Portonariis,  1510,  4to.  It  subsequently 
appeared  under  the  title  of  Laurea  Anglicana;  seu  Com 
pendium  totus  Mediciniae,  Genev.,  1608,  4to.  Some  other 
works  are  ascribed  to  him.  See  Wright's  Biog.  Brit.  Lit. ; 
Leland;  Bale;  Pits;  Tanner,  in  art  Leglaeus;  Rees's 
Cyc. ;  Freind's  Hist,  of  Physic. 

"  His  writings  are  principally  compiled  from  those  of  the  Arabian 
physicians,  like  the  works  of  his  contemporaries  in  other  nations; 
sometimes,  indeed,  he  transcribes  whole  chapters  word  for  word, 
especially  from  Khazes.  He  is  represented  as  the  first  English 
physician  who  ventured  to  expose  the  absurd  practices  of  the  su 
perstitious  monks,  who  at  the  time  engrossed  much  of  the  treat 
ment  of  diseases,  and  is  said  to  have  contrasted  with  them  the 
methods  recommended  by  the  ancients." 

Gilby,  Gylebie,  or  Gylby,  Anthony,  pub.  a  Com 
ment,  on  Micah,  1551,  paraphrases  on  the  Psalms  from  Beza, 
1581,  '90,  a  serm.,  1581,  and  treats,  on  election,  <fcc.,  1547-58. 

Gilby,  Goddred.     See  GYLBY. 

Gilby,  W.  H.  Papers  on  Geology ;  Phil.  Mag.,  1814, 
'15;  Thorn.  Ann.  Philos.,  1817. 

Gifby,  Wm.,  M.D.  1.  Electricity  in  Paralysis;  in 
Medical  Facts,  <fcc.,  1792.  2.  Nitrous  Acid  in  Diabetes; 
in  Med.  and  Phys.  Jour.,  1800. 

Gilchrist,  Alexander,  of  the  Inner  Temple.  Life 
of  William  Etty,  R.A.,  Lon.,  1855,  2  vols. 


GIL 

"A  book  which  will  claim  the  interest  of  English  readers  long 
beyond  the  mere  season  and  occasion  of  its  appearance." — Westm. 
Rev.,  Oct.  1855. 

Gilchrist,  Ebenezer,  M.D.,  1707-1774,  an  eminent 

physician  of  Dumfries,  Scotland.     1.  On  the  Use  of  Sea 

Voyages  in  Medicine,  Lon.,  1756,  8vo.     Reprinted,  1771. 

"  The  chief  object  of  this  work  is  to  recommend  sea  voyages  in 

cases  of  consumption." — DR.  WATT  :  Bibl.  Brit. 

2.  Nervous  Fever;  Ed.  Med.  Ess.,  vols.  iv.  and  v.  He 
recommends  wine  and  opium.  3.  Con.  to  Ess.  Phys.  and 
Lit.,  vols.  ii.  and  iii. 

"  Few  physicians  of  the  last  century  have  been  more  successful 
in  the  exercise  of  their  profession,  or  have  contributed  more  to  the 
improvement  of  the  healing  art."  See  Encyc.  Brit. 

Gilchrist,  James.  l.Serm.,  Lon. ,1812,  8vo.  2.  Lan 
guage,  &c.,  1814,  8vo.  3.  Rational  Philosophy,  1815,  8vo. 
4.  Philosophic  Etymology ;  or,  Rational  Grammar,  1816. 
Gilchrist,  James  P.  The  Origin  and  History  of 
Ordeals,  with  Chronological  Register  of  the  principal  Duels 
since  1760,  Lon.,  1821,  Svo.  See  SABINE,  LORENZO. 

Gilchrist,  John.  A  Collection  of  ancient  and  modern 
Scottish  Ballads,  Tales,  and  Songs;  with  Explan.  Notes 
and  Observations,  Edin.,  1815,  2  vols.  12mo. 

"A  sensible  and  judicious  selection." — Lowndes's  Bibl.  Man. 
Gilchrist,  John  BorthAvick,LL.D.,  1759-1841,  pub. 
many  valuable  works  on  the  Hindostanee  language,  <fcc., 
for  a  list  of  which  see  Bibl.  Brit.,  and  Lowndes's  Bibl.  Man. 
Gilchrist,  Octavius,  1779-1823,  a  native  of  Twick 
enham,  educated  at  Magdalen  Coll.,  Oxf.  1.  Exam,  of  the 
charges  of  Ben  Jonson's  enmity  towards  Shakspeare,  1808, 
Svo.  See  Lon.  Gent.  Mag.,  Ixxix.  53.  2.  The  Poems  of 
Richard  Corbet,  Bishop  of  Norwich,  with  Notes  and  Life, 
1808,  Svo.  See  Lon.  Gent.  Mag.,  Ixxviii.  1169.  3.  Letter 
to  W.  Gifford  on  a  late.ed.  of  Ford's  Plays,  1811,  Svo.  See 
our  article  on  FORD,  JOHN.  Mr.  Gilchrist  projected  (in  1814) 
a  Select  Collection  of  Old  Plays,  in  15  vols.  Svo,  but  was 
deterred  from  publication  by  the  appearance  of  the  peri 
odical  series  entitled  Old  Plays.  An  article  of  Gilchrist's 
in  the  London  Magazine  elicited  a  warm  controversy  re 
specting  the  Life  and  Writings  of  Alexander  Pope.  See 
Lon.  Gent.  Mag.,  xci.  291,  533;  xciii.  278. 

Gilchrist,  Paul.  Letter  to  Mr.  Saunders  on  the  Re 
volution  in  Russia,  Ac.,  Lon.,  1762,  Svo. 
Gilchrist,  Peter.  On  the  Hair,  Lon.,  1770,  '87,  Svo. 
Gildas,  or  Gildus,  surnamed  the  Wise,  commences 
the  catalogue  of  Anglo-Saxon  writers.  He  is  said  to  have 
flourished  in  the  6th  century,  but  every  thing  concerning 
him,  and  even  the  existence  of  such  a  person,  is  involved 
in  doubt  and  obscurity.  We  must  refer  the  curious  reader 
to  Wright's  Biog.  Brit.  Lit,  and  the  authorities  there  cited. 
The  work  attributed  to  him  with  the  most  confidence  is  the 
Epistola  de  excidio  Britanniae,  et  castigatio  ordinis  eccle- 
siastica;  first  ed.,  Lon.,  1525,  Svo,  and  several  eds.  since. 
See  authorities  cited  above.  New  ed.,  by  Joseph  Steven 
son,  pub.  by  the  Historical  Society,  Lon.,  1838,  Svo.  Also 
pub.  a  new  trans,  with  the  works  of  Nennius,  by  J.  A.  Giles, 
LL.D.,  1841,  Svo. 

"Gildas's  work  gives  a  superficial  sketch  of  British  history  un 
der  the  Romans,  and  during  the  wars  between  the  Britons  and 
the  Pictsand  Scots,  and  the  Saxon  invasions;  and  also  an  account 
of  the  vices  of  the  kings,  clergy,  and  laity  of  the  time.  This  work 
is  supposed  to  have  been  written  about  A.  D.  581. 

'•  The  book  contains  little  information,  even  if  it  be  authentic. 
It  is  written  in  an  inflated  style,  not  much  unlike  that  of  Aldhelm. 
.  .  .  There  is  no  independent  authority  now  existing  which  will 
enable  us  to  test  the  historical  truth  of  this  tract,  and  we  have  no 
information  relating  to  its  writer  which  merits  the  slightest  degree 
of  credit."  See  Wright's  Biog.  Brit.  Lit. 

Gilderdale,  John.  1.  Nat.  Religion,  Lon.,  1837,  Svo. 
2.  Hist,  and  Chronol.,  4to.  3.  Family  Prayers,  1838, 12mo. 
Gilding,  Elizabeth.  Poems  and  Essays,  1776. 
Gildon,  Charles,  1665-1723,  a  native  of  Gillingham, 
Dorsetshire,  gained  but  little  reputation  as  an  author,  and 
still  less  as  an  actor,  but  Pope  has  embalmed  him  in  the 
Dunciad.  In  1693  he  pub.,  with  an  introduction,  Charles 
Blount's  Oracles  of  Reason,  and  subsequently,  in  1705,  to 
atone  for  this  publication,  he  gave  to  the  world  The  Deist's 
Manual.  For  an  account  of  these  works  see  Lejand's  De- 
istical  Writers,  and  article  BLOTJNT,  CHARLES,  in  this 
volume.  He  also  pub.  Miscell.  Letters  and  Essays,  1694, 
Svo;  the  Complete  Art  of  Poetry,  1718,  2  vols.  12mo;— 
see  Halliwell's  Shaksperiana,  p.  20,  Nos.  3,  5,  and  6; — 
five  unsuccessful  plays,  1697-1703;  a  Comparison  between 
the  two  Stages,  1702,  Svo;  a  Life  of  Betterton,  1710;  a 
New  Rehearsal,  1714,  Svo;  some  other  publications. 

"  A  person  of  great  literature,  but  a  mean  genius ;  who,  having 
attempted  several  kinds  of  writing,  never  gained  much  reputat" 
in  any."— foyer's  Political  State,  xxvii.  102. 

"  Of  those  disciples  [of  Charles  Blount]  the  most  noted  was  a  bad 
writer  named  Gildon,  who  lived  to  pester  another  generation  with 
doggrel  and  slander,  and  whose  memory  is  still  preserved,  not  by 
his  own  voluminous  works,  but  by  two  or  three  lines  in  which  his 


GIL 

stupidity  and  venality  have  been  contemptuously  mentioned  by 
tope." — Macaulay's  Hist,  of  Eng.,  vol.  iv.,  1856. 

Mr.  Macaulay  ably  exposes  the  true  character  of  Blount's 
Oracles  of  Reason. 

Giles.     Med.  con.  to  Phil.  Trans.,  1697. 

Giles,  Henry,  b.  Nov.  1, 1819,  near  Gorey,  co.  of  Wex- 
ford,  Ireland,  one  of  the  most  popular  of  the  many  literary 
.ecturers  who  draw  crowded  audiences  in  the  United  States. 
L.  Lectures  and  Essays,  Boston,  1850,  2  vols.  16mo. 

"Those  persons  who  have  listened  to  the  greater  part  of  the 
contents  of  these  two  volumes  in  the  various  lecture-rooms  through 
out  the  country,  will  probably  be  even  more  anxious  to  read  them 
;han  many  who  have  only  heard  the  name  of  the  author.  They 
will  revive  in  the  reader  the  delightful  wit,  the  clear  mental  attrac 
tion,  and  the  high  pleasure  which  they  uniformly  excited  in  their 
delivery." 

These  lectures  are  also  highly  commended  by  Miss  Mit- 
ford :  see  her  Recollections  of  a  Literary  Life.  2.  Chris 
tian  Thought  on  Life ;  in  a  series  of  Discourses,  2d  ed., 
1851, 16mo.  3.  Illustrations  of  Genius  in  some  of  its  rela 
tions  to  culture  and  society,  1854,  16mo. 

Giles,  Rev.  J.  A.,  LL.D.,  nuper  Socius  C.  C.  C.,  Oxon., 
has  written  and  edited  many  valuable  works,  some  of  which 
we  notice.  1.  English-Greek  and  Greek-English  Lexicon, 
new  ed.,  1846,  Svo. 

"  This  is  a  worthy  companion  to  Riddle's  Latin  Dictionary,  con 
taining  all  the  information  necessary  to  a  student — and,  what  is 
of  equal  importance,  no  more.  The  author  is  generally  successful 
in  developing  the  structure  and  composition  of  the  Greek  lan 
guage;  avoiding  the  quibbling  derivations  which  disfigured  the 
older  Lexicons,  and  especially  that  of  Schrevelius:  he  points  out 
the  genuine  radicals  so  far  as  they  can  be  discovered  with  certain 
ty." — Lon.  Athenaeum. 

2.  Scriptores  Graeci  Minores,  1840, 12mo.  3.  Patres  Ec- 
clesise  Anglicanae,  now  first  collected  into  one  series,  35 
vols.  Svo,  £9  9s. ;  and  a  sup.  vol.,  10s.  4.  Hist,  of  the  An 
cient  Britons,  1847,  2  vols.  Svo. 

"  A  valuable  addition  to  every  historian's  library." — Lon.  Lit. 
Gazette. 

"  This  is  the  most  valuable  work  that  has  appeared  of  late  years 
on  the  History  of  the  Ancient  Britons.  Nowhere  else  has  the  sub 
ject  been  treated  so  fully  with  strict  regard  to  real  history,  and  in 
exclusion  of  all  fabulous  legends.  Vol.  II.  consists  of  the  original 
Histories,  from  which  this  work  has  been  compiled,  viz. :  Excerpta 
ex  Scriptoribus  Gr.  et  Lat.;  Gildas;  Nennius;  Excerpta  ex  Beda; 
Ricardus  Cicestrensis  de  Situ  Britannia? ;  Vita  Gildse,  auctore  Cara- 
doco;  Vita  Gildae,  auctore  Anonymo;  Inscriptiones  ex  Nummis; 
Inscriptiones  ex  Lapidibus." 

5.  The  Entire  Works  of  the  Venerable  Bede,  1843-44, 
12  vols.  Svo.     See  our  article  on  BEDE. 

"  We  trust  that  Dr.  Giles  will  be  encouraged  to  continue  his  ex 
ertions  in  thus  diffusing  a  sound  knowledge  of  mediasval  divinity 
and  ecclesiastical  history." — Lon.  Quarterly  Review,  Oct.  1844. 

6.  Hist,  of  the  Town  and  Parish  of  Bampton,  2d  ed., 
1848,  Svo.     7.  Lives  of  the  Abbots  of  Weremouth  and 
Jarrow,  Ac.,  1845,  Svo.     8.  Life  and  Letters  of  Thomas 
a  Beckett,  1846,  2  vols.  Svo.     We  are  also  indebted  to  Dr. 
Giles  for  his  new  ed.  of  Thompson's  Geoffrey  of  Monmouth, 
(see  our  article  on  GEOFFREY,)  his  labours  on  Zeunius's 
Terence,  his  manuals  of  Latin  and  English   Grammar, 
English  History,  &c. ;  nor  must  we  omit  to  make  special 
mention  of  one  of  the  most  valuable  of  his  publications — 
The  Life  and  Times  of  Alfred  the  Great,  2d  ed.,  1854;  Svo. 

"  The  most  valuable  and  authentic  Life  of  Alfred  the  Great.  In 
cluded  are  Alfred's  Will,  in  Saxon,  with  translation ;  the  Treaty 
between  Alfred  and  Guthrum,  in  Saxon ;  Fulke's  Letter  to  Alfred; 
Alfred's  Preface  to  Gregory's  Pastoral  Care,  in  Saxon,  with  a  trans 
lation  ;  a  Chronological  Summary  of  Anglo-Saxon  History,  Ac." 

"  Dr.  Giles  is  in  thorough  possession  of  his  materials  and  of  his 
intention,  which  produces  the  clearness  that  arises  from  mastery ; 
and  he  exhibits  the  same  general  bonhommie  and  chronicler  dispo 
sition  for  minute  and  picturesque  narrative  which  we  noted  in  his 
Life  of  Becket,  with  more  of  a  critical  spirit." — Lon.  Spectator. 

Giles,  John.     The  Pine  Apple,  Lon.,  1767,  Svo. 

Giles,  Joseph.  Poems,  revised  and  corrected,  by 
Wm.  Shenstone,  Lon.,  1771,  Svo. 

Giles,  Mascall.  Against  Superstitious  Jesu  Worship, 
Lon.,  1642,  4to. 

Giles,  Wm.  Defence  of  Dr.  Sherlock's  Preservative 
against  Popery,  Lon.,  1688,  4to. 

Giles,  Wm.  1.  On  Marriage,  Lon.,  1771.  2.  Poems, 
1775,  Svo. 

Giles,  Wm.  Branch,  d.  1830,  Governor  of  Virginia, 
1826-29,  was  for  many  years  a  member  of  the  Congress  of 
the  United  States.  He  pub.  Political  Letters  to  the  People 
of  Virginia,  occasional  letters,  a  speech,  <fec.,  1808-25. 

Gil  Iii  luii,  Rev.  George,  born  1813,  at  Comrie,  Perth 
shire,  Scotland,  was  educated  at  Glasgow  Coll.,  and  at  the 
United  Secession  Hall  of  the  United  Presbyterian  Church. 
In  1835  he  was  licensed  to  preach,  and  in  the  next  year 
was  ordained  to  the  Schoolwynd  congregation,  Dundee 
where  he  still  remains.  About  1842  he  was  encouraged 
by  Mr.  T.  Aird,  editor  of  the  Dumfries  Herald,  to  write 
sketches  of  the  principal  characters  of  the  day.  These 

669 


GIL 


GIL 


off-hand  portraits  were  well  received,  and  in  1845  they  were 
published,  with  some  others,  as  The  Gallery  of  Literary 
Portraits,  2d  ed.,  1851.  In  1849  Mr.  G.  pub.  his  Second 
Gallery  of  Literary  Portraits;  2d  ed.,  1852;  and  in  1855 
appeared  the  Third  Series.  In  1854  was  pub.,  in  1  vol.  p. 
8vo,  a  new  ed.  of  the  1st  and  2d  series  j  and  vol.  i.  of  the 
last  ed.  of  the  work  appeared  in  1857.  In  1850  he  gave  to 
the  world  The  Bards  of  the  Bible,  4th  ed.,  1856 ;  in  1851 
he  pub.  The  Book  of  British  Poesy,  Ancient  and  Modern ; 
in  1852,  The  Martyrs,  Heroes,  and  Bards  of  the  Scottish 
Covenant,  2d  ed.,  1854;  in  1854,  The  Grand  Discovery, 
2d  ed.,  1856;  in  1856,  History  of  a  Man;  and  in  1857, 
Christianity  and  our  Era,  He  has  also  pub.  a  Discourse 
on  Hades,  Five  Discourses  on  the  Abuse  of  Talent,  Ac., 
and  edited  Wm.  C.  Bryant's  Poems,  with  Notes  and  an 
Introductory  Essay,  <fec.  He  is  now  engaged  in  editing  a 
new  and  splendid  Library  Edition  of  the  Popular  Poets 
and  Poetry  of  Britain,  with  Biographical  and  Critical 
Notes.  The  issue  for  the  first  year  comprised — 

1,  2.  Milton's  Poetical  Works.  3.  Thomson's  Seasons 
and  other  Poems.  4.  George  Herbert's  Poetical  Works. 
5.  Young's  Poetical  Works.  6.  The  Poetical  Works  of 
Goldsmith,  Collins,  &c.  The  issue  for  1854  comprised,  7, 
8.  Cowper's  Poetical  Works.  9, 10.  Butler's  Poetical  Works. 
11.  Shenstone's  Poetical  Works.  12.  Beattie,  Blair,  and 
Falconer's  Poetical  Works.  This  is  by  far  the  handsomest 
edition  of  the  British  poets  ever  published,  and  we  see  not 
how  it  can  be  surpassed.  A  vol.  is  pub.  every  alternate 
month,  forming  in  the  year  6  vols.  averaging  350  pp.  each  ; 
annual  subscription  one  guinea,  or  in  French  morocco,  gilt 
top,  £1 Us.  6d.  The  series  is  intended  to  include  the  fol 
lowing  authors : 

Addison.  Wm.  Drummond.         Peter  Pindar. 

Akenside.  Falconer.  Pope. 

Robert  Blair.  Ferguson.  Prior. 

Bloomfield.  Gay.  Francis  Quarles. 

Thomas  Brown.  Gifford.  Allan  Ramsay. 

Bruce.  Goldsmith.  Rogers. 

George  Buchanan.         James  Grahame.  Alexander  Ross. 

Burns.  Gray.  Scott. 

Samuel  Butler.  W.  Hamilton.  Shelley. 

Byron.  George  Herbert.  Shenstone. 

Campbell.  Robert  Herrick.  Smollett. 

Chatterton.  Hogg.  Spenser. 

Chaucer.  Dr.  Johnson.  Swift. 

Coleridge.  Ben  Jonson.  Tannahill. 

Collins.  Leyden.  James  Thomson. 

Cotton.  Logan.  Waller. 

Cowley.  Macphersone.  Thomas  Warton. 

Cowper.  Milton.  Watts. 

Crabbe.  Mrs.  Opie.  Kirke  White. 

Denhalm.  Parnell.  Edward  Young. 

Dryden.  Dr.  Percy.  Etc. 

As  a  critic  Mr.  Gilfillan  has  been  warmly  praised,  and 
not  slightly  censured.  He  possesses  one  of  the  most  dan 
gerous  of  arts  for  any  one  who  would  achieve  solid  and  last 
ing  reputation, — that  of  great  verbal  facility,  approaching 
to  conversational  familiarity.  He  is  sometimes  happy  in 
his  metaphors  and  apt  in  his  allusions,  but  is  more  likely 
to  be  extravagant  in  the  one  and  grotesque  in  the  other; 
reminding  us  forcibly  of  the  bombast  and  egotism  so  gene 
rally  observable  in  the  prevailing  style  of  second-rate 
American  writers. 

Mr.  Gilfillan  is  by  no  means  devoid  of  talent;  and  it  is 
well  worth  his  while,  by  a  course  of  wholesome  discipline  of 
his  natural  abilities,  to  correct  the  errors  of  a  critical  pen 
which  sometimes  displays  more  passion  than  judgment 
and  more  vigour  of  language  than  depth  of  thought 

A  critic  in  the  Dublin  University  Magazine,  in  a  review 
of  Mr.  Gilfillan's  First  Gallery  of  Literary  Portraits,  refer 
ring  to  the  author's  fondness  for  overstrained  metaphor 
and  ambitious  style,  justly  remarks  that 

"  In  all  such  habitual  use  of  strong  language  a  writer  is  throw 
ing  away  his  wealth,  and  making  his  style  in  reality  poor  and 
meagre.  Words  are  lavished  with  profusion  when  they  absolutely 
represent  nothing,  and  none  but  the  man  who  has  read  through  a 
volume  of  words  with  the  wish  really  to  ascertain  the  amount  of 
Instruction  it  gives,  can  judge  of  the  unutterable  weariness  pro 
duced  by  this  careless  habit  of  stating  every  thing  in  a  temper  of 
exaggeration.  Simplicity  of  style  is.  however,  seldom  the  distin 
guishing  grace  of  a  young  writer's  compositions." 

We  are  happy  to  be  able  to  add  from  the  same  article,— 
for  it  is  more  pleasant  to  quote  praise  than  censure,— 

"  Mr.  Gilfillan's  effort  to  make  his  readers  acquainted  with  the 
greatest  men  whom  he  has  met  on  the  highway  of  literature  is  no 
doubt  an  ambitious  one,  and  has  on  the  whole  been  successfully 
executed."— xxvii.  652-664. 

The  Bards  of  the  Bible  has  elicited  much  rapturous  com 
mendation—in  which  we  were  never  able  to  coincide— and 
severe  censure,  the  justice  of  which  we  do  not  feel  able  to 
disprove. 

His  piety  warms  our  heart,  but  his  style  shocks  our  taste. 
One  of  the  most  learned  Orientalists  of  modern  times,  re 


cently  deceased,  makes  graver  objections  to  the  work  than 
mere  want  of  literary  taste : 

"  A  pompous  and  gaudy  style  is  exceedingly  out  of  place  when 
it  appears  in  books  that  treat  of  sacred  things.  We  feel  that  the 
subject  is  degraded.  It  is  as  if  a  painter  were  to  attempt  sketches 
of  Isaiah,  and  Paul,  and  John,  and  should  put  on  them  the  cos 
tume  of  a  Bond  street  or  Broadway  exquisite.  We  enter  a  solemn 
protest  against  all  such  doings.  God,  Christ,  eternity,  heaven,  hell, 
and  man's  immortal  spirit  and  welfare  are  things  beyond  rhapsody. 
.  . .  The  Inconceivable  majesty  of  such  subjects  should  awe  the 
mind  that  contemplates  them  into  the  most  grave,  and  sober,  and 
humble  attitude.  .  .  .  There  are  some  passages  in  it,  and  many  sin 
gle  expressions,  which  convey  vivid  ideas,  and  present  pleasing 
images.  We  concede  to  him  fancy,  imagination,  and  a  very  con 
siderable  acquaintance  with  the  sources  of  poetical  imagery.  But 
these  are  not  the  only  qualifications  that  are  needed  to  write  in 
structively  on  Hebrew  poetry.  His  book  reminds  us  very  strongly 
of  a  passage  in  another  poet  and  critic,  somewhat  different  from 
the  author  of  the  Bards  of  the  Bible.  It  runs  thus : 

" '  Inceptis  gravibus  plerumque  et  magna  profussis, 
Purpureus,  late  qui  splendeat,  unus  et  alter 
Assuitur  pannus. 

Amphora  coepit 

Institui;  currente  rota,  cur  urceus  exit? 
Denique,  sit  quodvis,  simplex  duntaxat  et  unum.' 

"  Yes,  this  precious  simplex !  Of  all  the  books  on  earth,  the  Bible 
exhibits  it  most.  A  comment  on  it,  of  any  kind,  which  is  spotted 
throughout  with  '  purpurei  panni  qui  late  splendeant'  seems  to  us 
one  of  the  greatest  of  all  incongruities." — MOSES  STUART,  late  Prof, 
of  Sacred  Literature  in  the  Iheolog.  Seminary  of  Andover.  See  N. 
Amer.  Rev.,  Ixxiii.  238-267. 

Whatever  other  charges  Mr.  Gilfillan's  critics  may  bring 
against  him,  he  certainly  cannot  be  accused  of  indolence, 
as,  in  addition  to  his  professional  duties,  he  contributes  to 
no  less  than  five  or  six  periodicals.  It  is  no  slight  com 
mendation — but  one  to  which  he  may  justly  lay  claim — 
that  a  high  moral  purpose,  a  kindly  spirit,  and  a  hearty 
appreciation  of  the  good,  the  right,  and  the  true,  are  pro 
minent  characteristics  of  his  writings.  It  will  be  seen, 
from  a  glance  at  the  accompanying  tables  of  contents  of 
the  Galleries  of  Literary  Portraits,  that  Mr.  Gilfillan  has 
been  by  no  means  partial  in  his  selection  of  subjects,  but 
has  employed  his  pencil  upon  representatives  of  almost  all 
classes  of  opinion,  both  in  church  and  state : 

FIRST  GALLERY  OF  LITERARY  PORTRAITS. 

CONTENTS. 

Lord  Jeffrey.  Preachers  of  the 

William  Godwin.  Day. 

William  Hazlitt.  Walter  Savage  Lan- 

Robert  Hall.  dor. 


Percy  Bysshe  Shelley. 
Dr.  Chalmers. 
Thomas  Carlyle. 
Thomas  de  Quincey. 
John  Foster. 
Professor  Wilson. 
Edw.  Irving,  and  the 


Thomas  Campbell. 
Lord  Brougham. 
Samuel  T.  Coleridge. 
Ralph  Waldo  Emer- 


Charles  Lamb. 
Ebenezer  Elliott. 
Allan    Cunningham 

and     the     Rural 

Poets. 

John  Keats. 
T.  B.  Macaulay. 
Thomas  Aird. 
Robert  Southey. 
John    Gibson   Lock- 
hart. 


Wm.  Wordsworth. 
Robert  Pollok. 
SECOND  GALLERY  OF  LITERARY  PORTRAITS. 

CONTENTS. 

John  Milton.  George  Dawson. 

Lord  Byron.  Alfred  Tennyson. 

George  Crabbe.  Professor  Nichol. 

John  Foster.  Mrs.  Hemans. 

Thomas  Hood.  Mrs.  E.  B.  Browning. 
Thomas  B.  Macaulay.     Mrs.  Shelley. 

Dr.  George  Croly.  William  Cobbett. 


Sir  E.  Bui  wer  Ly  tton. 
Ralph  Waldo  Emer- 


James  Montgomery. 
Sydney  Smith. 


William  Anderson. 
Leigh  Hunt. 
Thomas  Moore. 
Isaac  Taylor. 
H.  W.  Longfellow. 
Philip  Jas.  Bailey. 
John  Sterling. 
Wm.  Wordsworth. 
John  Buuyan. 


THIRD  GALLERY  OF  LITERARY  PORTRAITS. 

CONTENTS. 

A  File  of  French  Revolutionists. 

Mirabeau.  I  Robespierre,  and        I  Vergniaud. 

Marat,  |  Danton.  |  Napoleon. 

A  Constellation  of  Sacred  Authors. 

Edward  Irving.  I  Robert  Hall.  I  Dr.  Chalmers. 

Isaac  Taylor. 

A  Cluster  of  New  Poets. 


Sydney  Yendys. 
Alexander  Smith. 


J.  Stanyan  Bigg.        I  Gerald  Massey. 


Modern  Critics. 
Hazlitt  and  Hallam.  I  Delta. 
Jeffrey  and  Coleridge.  I  Thackeray. 


Carlyle  and  Sterling. 

Emerson. 

Neale  and  Bunyan. 

Edmund  Burke. 

Edgar  A.  Poe. 


Miscellaneous  Sltetclies. 
Sir   Edward   Lytton 

Bui  wer. 

Benjamin  Disraeli. 
Professor  Wilson. 
Henry  Rogers. 


Thomas  Babington 
Macaulay. 

^Eschylus ;  Prome 
theus  Bound  and 
Unbound. 

Shakspeare — A  Lec 
ture. 


Gilfillan,  Robert,  a  native  of  Dunfermline,  a  modern 
poet  of  considerable  reputation.  For  an  account  of  this 
bard,  we  must  refer  the  reader  to  the  Memoir  attached  to 
the  4th  ed.  of  his  Poems  and  Songs,  pub.  in  Edinburgh, 
1851,  12mo.  Reprinted,  1853.  See  his  Exile's  Song,  and 
In  the  Days  Langsyne,  in  Chambers's  Cyc.  of  Eng.  Lit. 

"  The  songs  of  Mr.  Gilfillan  are  marked  by  gentle  and  kindly 
feelings,  and  a  smooth  flow  of  versification,  which  makes  them 
eminently  suitable  for  being  expressed  in  music." — Ubi  supra. 


GIL 


GIL 


Gilfillan,  Rev.  Samuel.  1.  Discourses  on  the  Holy 
Spirit,  Edin.,  12mo.  2.  Essay  on  the  Sanctification  of  the 
Lord's  Day,  8th  ed.,  183-,  18mo. 

Gilkie,  James.  Every  Man  his  Own  Procurator;  or, 
the  Country  Gentleman's  Vude-Mecum,  Edin.,  1778, 12mo. 

Gilks,  Morton.     Petrifactions;  Phil.  Trans.,  1740. 

Gill.  Selections  from  the  Court  Reports,  originally 
pub.  in  the  Boston  M.  Post,  1834-37,  Bosk,  1837,  12mo. 

"It  contains  some  graphic  illustrations  of  the  administration 
and  effect  of  the  law,  that  may  be  perused  with  advantage."— 
Marvin's  Leg.  Bibl. 

Gill,  Rev.  Alexander,  1564-1635,  a  native  of  Lin 
colnshire,  educated  at  Corpus  Christi  Coll.,  Oxf.,  head  mas 
ter  of  St.  Paul's  School,  1608.  1.  The  Trinity,  1601,  8vo. 
2.  Logonomia  Anglica  Grammaticalis,  1619,  '21,  4to. 

"  This  work  contains  as  singular  a  proposition  for  a  vernacular 
orthography  as  Tho.  Campion's  (Observations  on  the  Art  of  Eng 
lish  Poesie)  for  poetry.  The  work  is  quoted  by  Dr.  Johnson."— 
LowndeJs  Bibl.  Man. 

3.  Sacred  Philos.  of  Holy  Scrip. ;  or,  a  Comment,  on  the 
Creed,  1635,  fol.     The  treatise  on  the  Trinity  is  repub.  at 
the  end  of  this  work. 

"  Esteemed  by  most  persons  to  be  a  learned  man,  a  noted  Latin- 
ist,  critic,  and  divine,  and  also  to  have  such  an  excellent  way 
of  training  up  youth,  that  none  in  his  time  went  beyond  him. 
Whence  'twas,  that  many  noted  persons  in  church  and  state  did 
esteem  it  the  greatest  of  their  happiness  that  they  had  been  edu 
cated  under  him." — Atften.  Oxon. 

See  also  Knight's  Life  of  Colet. 

Gill,  Alexander,  D.D.,  1597-1642,  son  and  successor 
of  the  preceding,  educated  at  Trin.  Coll.,  Oxf.,  became 
head  master  of  St.  Paul's  School  in  1635.  Whilst  usher 
of  St.  Paul's  he  had  charge  of  the  education  of  John  Mil 
ton,  who  was  his  favourite  scholar,  and  by  whom  he  was 
greatly  beloved.  Three  of  the  great  poet's  familiar  letters 
to  him  in  Latin,  still  extant,  are  "  replete  with  the  strongest 
testimonies  of  esteem  and  friendship.  Milton  also  pays 
him  high  compliments  on  the  excellence  of  his  Latin 
poetry." 

Most  of  his  Latin  poetry  was  pub.  in  a  vol.  entitled 
Poetici  Conatus,  1632,  12mo,  and  Wood  enumerates  some 
other  productions  of  his,  printed,  and  in  MS.  He  was  for 
some  time  usher  under  the  famous  Thomas  Farnaby.  See 
Athen.  Oxon.;  Knight's  Life  of  Colet;  Warton's  Milton; 
Letters  by  Eminent  Persons,  1813,  3  vols.  8vo. 

Gill,  Jeremiah.     Reform  in  H.  Commons,  1785. 

Gill,  John,  D.D.,  1697-1771,  a  Baptist  divine  of  great 
learning,  a  native  of  Kettering,  Northamptonshire,  received 
his  early  education  at  the  Grammar  School  of  his  native 
town,  but  may  be  said  to  be  self-educated,  as  he  left  school 
whilst  yet  very  young.  He  was  a  preacher,  first  at  Higham- 
Ferrers,  then  at  Kettering,  and  in  1719  became  pastor  of 
the  Baptist  congregation  at  Horselydown,  Southwark, 
where  he  continued  for  fifty-one  years.  Whilst  yet  a  mere 
boy,  he  was  so  fond  of  frequenting  the  bookstores  that  it 
became  a  current  expression,  "  Such  a  thing  is  as  sure  as 
John  Gill  is  in  the  bookseller's  shop."  We  need  not  there 
fore  be  surprised  that  he  became  an  excellent  Latinist, 
Grecian,  and  Orientalist.  He  wrote  many  works,  some  of 
the  principal  of  which  we  proceed  to  notice. 

1.  Exposition  of  Solomon's  Song,  1728,  fol.;  1751,  '68, 
4to ;  1805,  2  vols.  8vo.     In  the  later  eds.  the  Targum  is 
left  out.     This  exposition,  which  differs  from  the  one  con 
tained  in  his  Comment,  on  the  Bible,  comprises  the  sub 
stance  of  122  discourses  delivered  from  the  pulpit. 

"  A  minute  detail  on  the  allegorical  sense,  and  a  spiritual  im 
provement." — DR.  E.  WILLIAMS. 

"  It  is  highly  allegorical  in  its  interpretation."— Home's  Bibl.  Bib. 

2.  Prophecies  resp.  the  Messiah,  fulfilled  in  Jesus,  1728. 
In  answer  to  Collins's  Scheme  of  Literal  Prophecy  con 
sidered.     3.  The  Cause  of  God  and  Truth,  being  an  Ex 
amination  of  the  several  Passages  of  Scripture  made  use 
of  by  the  Arminians.     In  four  parts,  1735-38,  4  vols.  8vo; 
1755,  4  wls.  8vo;  1772,  '75,  4to;  1816,  2  vols.  8vo;  1838, 
8vo.     This  is  an  answer  to  Dr.  Whitby's  Discourse  on  the 
Five  Points. 

"If  you  read  Whitby  on  the  Five  Points,  read  Dr.  Gill's  reply. 

. . .  It  is  the  fullest  answer  to  Whitby In  Part  IV.  of  this  Work, 

Dr.  Gill  goes  through  the  testimonies  of  the  Fathers  before  Augus 
tine,  to  give  passages  that  support  Calvinistic  views." — BICKERSTKTH. 

"  It  is  an  elaborate  work,  and  may  be  considered  a  very  able 
defence  of  Calvinism." — Wilson's  Dissenting  Churches. 

4.  Exposition  of  the  New  Testament,  1746-47-48,  3  vols. 
fol.     5.  Exposition  of  the  Old  Testament,  1748-63,  6  vols. 
New  ed.  of  both  Testaments,  with  a  Memoir  by  Dr.  Rip- 
pon,  and  a  portrait,  1816,  9  vols.  4to.     Pub.  at  £12  12».; 
large  paper,  £16  16».     Still  worth  about  £12  to  £13,  in 
good  binding.     Vol.  i.  of  a  new  ed.  of  the  Expos,  of  the 
0.  and  N.  Tests,  was  pub.  by  Aylott  of  London  in  1852,  r. 
8vo,  and  a  new  ed.  of  his  Exposition  of  the  Old  Test  was 
pub.  by  Collingridge  in  1854,  6  vols.  r.  8vo,  £3  18*. 


"The  author  always  keeps  sight  of  his  creed He  was  a  very 

learned  and  good  man;  but  has  often  spiritualized  his  text  to 
absurdity." — DR.  ADAM  CLARKE. 

"It  abounds  with  rabbinical  and  theological  information;  but, 
though  upon  the  whole  a  very  valuable  work,  it  is  often  prolix  and 
tautological,  and  sometimes  injudicious." — Dr.  E.  Williams' 's  C.  P. 

"  It  is  prized  as  an  invaluable  mine  of  knowledge  by  judicious 
Christians  of  every  denomination." — WILSON. 

"  He  moves  through  his  exposition  like  a  man  in  lead,  and  over 
whelms  the  inspired  writer  with  dull  lucubrations  and  rabbinical 
lumber.  He  is  an  ultra-Calvinist  in  his  doctrinal  sentiments.  .  . . 
If  the  reader  be  inclined  for  a  trial  of  his  strength  and  patience, 
he  may  procure  the  burden  of  Dr.  Gill.  He  was,  after  all,  a  man 
of  undoubted  learning,  and  of  prodigious  labour." — Orme's  Bibl, 
Bib. 

"  In  rabbinical  literature  Dr.  Gill  had  no  equal,  and  he  has  hence 
been  enabled  to  illustrate  many  important  passages  of  Scripture. 
. . .  An  occasional  reference  to  this  learned  work  is  all,  perhaps, 
that  can  be  recommended." — Home's  Bibl.  Brit. 

"Valuable  for  rabbinical  learning;  a  variety  of  meanings  sug 
gested  ;  Calvinistic  in  sentiment."— Bicker  stetfi's  C.  S. 

6.  Dissert,  on  the  Antiq.  of  the  Hebrew  Language,  Let 
ters,  Vowel-points,  and  Accents,  1767,  8vo. 

"  This  is  also  a  laboured  exposition  and  defence  of  the  doctrines 
of  the  Massorets."—  Orme's  Bibl.  Bib. 

7.  A  Body  of  Doctrinal  and  Practical  Divinity,  1769-70, 
3  vols.  4to.     Several  eds.     New  ed.,  1839,  2  vols.  8vo. 

"Gill  was  a  very  learned  and  pious  man;  but  his  notions  of 
moral  obligations  were  not  correct;  which  led  him  to  some  pecu 
liarities  of  sentiment  respecting  grace  being  the  obliging  as  well 
as  the  efficient  cause  of  evangelical  duty,  and  which  disposed  him, 
in  arguing  with  Arminians,  too  often  to  cut  the  knot  of  difficulty, 
instead  of  solving  it,  and  to  deal  in  round  assertions  with  slender 
arguments." —  Williams's  C.  P. 

8.  Serins,  and  Tracts,  several  of  which  were  never  before 
printed.     To  which   are   prefixed   Memoirs  of  the   Life, 
Writings,  and  Character  of  the  Author,  1773,  2  vols.  4to. 

"  If  any  man  can  be  supposed  to  have  trod  the  whole  circle  of 
human  learning,  it  was  Dr.  Gill.  While  true  religion  and  sound 
learning  have  a  single  friend  in  the  British  empire,  the  works  and 

name  of  Gill  will  be  precious  and  revered With  a  solidity  of 

judgment  and  with  an  acuteness  of  discernment  peculiar  to  few, 
he  exha  nsted,  as  it  were,  the  very  soul  and  substance  of  most 
arguments  he  undertook." — TOPLADT. 

Gill  pub.  several  treatises  upon  Baptism,  and  many  occa 
sional  serms.  See  the  Life  prefixed  to  his  Serms.  and 
Tracts,  No.  7  above,  and  Stennet's  Funeral  Serm.  A  nevf 
ed.  of  his  Expos,  of  Solomon's  Song  was  pub.  in  1854,  r. 
8vo ;  a  new  ed.  of  his  sermons,  in  3  vols.  8vo,  has  appeared ; 
and  Rippon's  Memoirs  of  his  Life  and  Writings  has  been 
pub.  separately  in  12mo. 

Gill,  Joseph.     Law,  <fec.  rel.  to  Insolvents,  Lon.,  1836. 

Gill,  R.  W.,  and  J.  Johnson.  Cases  in  Ct.  of  Ap 
peals  of  Maryland,  1829-41,  Bait.,  1829-45,  12  vols.  8vo. 

Gill,  Thomas.     Con.  to  Med.  Com.,  1787. 

Gill,  Thomas.  Trial  of  George  Manners  for  Libels, 
rn  the  Satirist,  on  the  Character  of  Wm.  Hallett,  1812,  8vo. 

Gillan,  R.  Abridg.  of  the  Acts  Genl.  Assembly  of 
Ch.  of  Scot.,  Edin.,  1821,  8vo. 

Gillane,  John,  d.  1735,  consecrated  a  bishop  in  the 
Episcopal  Ch.  of  Scot.,  1727 ;  Bishop  of  Dunblane,  1731. 

1.  Remarks  upon  Sir  Jas.  Dalrymple's  Hist.  Collee.,  Edin., 
1714,  8vo.     See  DALRYMPLE,  SIR  JAMES.    2.  Life  of  Rev. 
John  Sage,  1714,  8vo. 

Gillespie.  Narrative  of  the  most  remarkable  Events 
of  the  Life  of  K.  William  III.  Also  a  revised  History  of 
the  Siege  of  Londonderry,  Derry,  1823,  8vo.  See  Mr. 
Macaulay's  graphic  account  of  the  horrors  of  this  siege, 
in  his  History  of  England,  vol.  iii.,  just  pub.,  (1856.) 

Gillespie,  Major  Alex.  1.  Hist.  Review  of  the 
Royal  Marine  Corps,  Lon.,  1803,  4to.  2.  Gleanings,  <fcc. 
at  Buenos  Ayres,  1818,  8vo.  A  memoir  of  Maj.  Gillespie 
has  been  pub. 

Gillespie,  George,  d.  1648,  one  of  the  four  Com 
missioners  from  the  Ch.  of  Scot,  to  the  Westminster  As 
sembly  in  1643.  1.  Dispute  against  the  English  Popish 
Ceremonies  obtruded  upon  the  Ch.  of  Scot.,  1637,  '60,  4to. 

2.  Dialogue  between  a  Civilian  and  a  Divine  cone,  the  Ch. 
of  Eng.,  1644,  4to.  Anon.     3.  Recrimination  charged  upon 
Mr.  Goodwin,    1644,   4to.    Anon.      4.   Serm.,    1644,   4to. 
5.  True  Resolution,  Ac.,  1645,  4to.     6.  Mr.  Colman's  Piece, 
Ac.,  1645,  4to.     7.  Serm.,  1645,  4to.     8.  Wholesome  Se 
verity,  Ac.,  1645,  4to.  Anon.     9.  Aaron's  Rod  Blossoming, 
1646,  4to.     New  ed.,  1843,  8vo. 

"  One  of  the  chief  works  on  the  government  of  the  Church  of 
Scotland."— Bickersteth's  C.  S. 

10.  Male  Audis.,  1646,  4to.  11.  Treat,  of  Miscell.  Ques 
tions,  1649,  4to. 

"  This  is  a  practical  and  controversial  book,  but  contains  a  con 
siderable  portion  of  learned  discussion  respecting  the  meaning  of 
the  Scriptures."— Orme's  Bibl.  Bib. 

12.  The  Ark  of  the  Testament  Opened,  2  vols.  4to :  vol. 
i.,  1661 ;  vol.  ii.,  1677.  13.  Notes  of  Debates  and  Proceed 
ings  of  the  Westminster  Assembly,  <fec.,  with  Life  by  Rev. 
Dr.  Hetherington,  1846,  r.  8vo.  Gillespie's  treatises  have 

671 


GIL 


GIL 


recently  been  repub.;  a  collective  ed.  of  his  Theolog. 
Works,  1844-46,  2  vols.  r.  8vo;  Serms.,  Ac.,  1844,  r.  8vo. 
The  Dispute  against  English  Popish  Ceremonies  obtruded 
on  the  Ch.  of  Scot,  can  be  had  separately.  For  an  account 
of  his  Life,  we  refer  the  reader  to  Dr.  Hetherington's  Me 
moir,  noticed  above. 

"  A  man  of  very  considerable  talents,  who  supported  the  cha 
racter  of  his  country,  and  the  cause  of  presbytery,  with  great 
ability  and  zeal,  during  the  stormy  period  of  the  civil  wars."— 
ORME:  ubi  supra. 

Gillespie,  James,  D.D.,  Principal  of  St.  Mary's  Coll., 
Univ.  of  Aberdeen.  Serins,  from  the  Author's  MSS.,  pub. 
by  George  Hill,  D.D.,  Lon.,  1796,  8vo. 

"  Such  of  us  as  saw  the  vigour  of  his  days,  remember  the  delight 
with  which  we  hung  upon  hjs  lips;  the  grace  of  his  elocution; 
the  interesting,  devotional,  pathetic  style  of  his  discourses."— DR. 
GEORGE  HILL. 

Gillespie,  Leonard,  M.D.  Profess,  publications, 
Lon.,  1798,  1800,  8vo. 

Gillespie,  Rev.  Thomas,  of  the  Presbytery  of 
"Relief,"  d.  1774.  Treat  on  Temptation,  Edin.,  1774, 
12mo.  New  ed. 

Gillespie,  Thomas.  The  Seasons  Contemplated  in 
the  Spirit  of  the  Gospel,  Lon.,  1822,  12mo. 

Gillespie,  W.  1.  The  Necessary  Existence  of  God. 
New  ed.,  Edin.,  1854,  8vo.  2.  China  and  the  Chinese 
Missions,  with  Hist,  of  Revolution,  Lon.,  1854,  12mo. 

Gillespie,  Rev.  William.  1.  The  Progress  of  Re 
finement,  and  other  Poems,  Edin.,  1805,  '07,  fp.  8vo.  2.  Con 
solation  ;  with  other  Poems,  Lon.  and  Edin.,  1815,  8vo. 

Gillespie,  William  Mitchell,  LL.D.,  b.  1818,  inN. 
York,  grad.  at  Columbia  Coll.,  1834;  Prof,  of  Civil  Engineer 
ing  in  Union  Coll.  since  1845.  1.  Rome  as  seen  by  a  New 
Yorker,  1843-44,  N.  York,  1845,  12mo,  pp.  216. 

"  A  good  title  to  a  good  book.  The  endeavour  to  convey  Rome 
only  by  those  impressions  which  would  naturally  be  made  upon 
an  American,  gives  the  work  a  certain  air  of  originality ; — the  rarest 
of  all  qualities  in  descriptions  of  the  Eternal  City.  The  style  is 
pure  and  sparkling,  although  occasionally  flippant  and  diletan- 
tesque.  The  tone  of  remark  is  much  in  the  usual  way — selon  les 
regies — never  very  exceptionable,  and  never  very  profound." — 
Edgar  A.  Poe's  Literati. 

2.  Roads  and  Railroads ;  a  Manual  for  Road-making, 
1845  j  7th  ed.,  1854,  8vo,  pp.  372. 

"If  the  well-established  principles  of  Road-making  which  are  so 
plainly  set  forth  in  Professor  Gillespie's  valuable  work,  and  so  well 
illustrated,  could  be  at  once  put  into  general  use  in  this  country, 
every  traveller  would  bear  testimony  to  the  fact  that  the  author 
is  a  great  public  benefactor." — Silliman's  Amer.  Jour,  of  Science. 

"  It  is,  in  all  respects,  the  best  work  on  this  subject  with  which 
I  am  acquainted ;  being  from  its  arrangement,  comprehensiveness, 
and  clearness,  equally  adapted  to  the  wants  of  Students  of  Civil 
Engineering,  and  the  purposes  of  persons  in  any  way  engaged  in 
the  construction  or  supervision  of  roads/' — PROFESSOR  MAHAN,  of 
the  Military  Academy. 

3.  Philosophy  of   Mathematics,  from   the   French   of 
Auguste  Comte,  1851,  8vo,  pp.  260. 

"The  classification  given  of  the  Sciences  at  large,  and  their 
regular  order  of  development,  is  unquestionably  a  master-piece  of 
scientific  thinking,  as  ample  as  it  is  comprehensive." — MorelTs 
Speculative  Philosophy  of  Europe. 

4.  The  Principles  and  Practice  of  Land  Surveying,  1855, 
8vo,  pp.  420 ;  6th  ed.,  1858. 

"  This  really  capital  work  is  worth  more  than  all  the  purely  theo 
retical  works  upon  the  same  subject  that  were  ever  published."— 
Southern  Literary  Review. 

"  What  Monge  did  for  descriptive  geometry,  Gillespie  has  done 
for  surveying:  he  has  reduced  and  consolidated  into  an  harmonious 
and  systematic  whole  the  heterogeneous  details  of  a  principle-less 
practice." 

Gillespy,  Rev.  K.     Criminal  Laws,  Lon.,  1793,  8vo. 

Gillet,  R.  1.  The  Pleasures  of  Reason  ;  or,  the  Hun 
dred  Thoughts  of  a  Sensible  Young  Lady.  In  English 
and  French,  Lon.,  1796,  sm.  12mo.  2.  Moral  Philos., 
1799,  12ino. 

Gillett,  J.  T.  His  Trial  and  his  Address  to  the  Public, 
Lon.,  1796,  8vo. 

Gillette,  Abram  Dunn,  b.  1809,  Cambridge,  N. 
York,  Pastor  of  Calvary  Church,  N.  Y.  City.  1.  History 
of  the  Eleventh  Baptist  Church,  Philadelphia.  2.  Memoir 
of  Rev.  Daniel  Holbrook  Gillette.  3.  Pastor's  Last  Gift. 
Edited  Social  Hymns,  and  Minutes  of  Philadelphia  Baptist 
Association  from  1707  to  1807.  He  has  contributed  largely 
to  various  journals. 

Gillies,  John,  D.D.,  1712-1796,  minister  of  the  New 
College  Church,  Glasgow,  1742-96.  1.  Historical  Collec 
tions  of  the  Success  of  the  Gospel,  Ac.,  Glasg.,  1754  2  vols 
8vo.  Supp.,  1761,  12mo.  A  Second  Supp.  was  pub.  by 
Dr.  Erskine  in  1796.  New  ed.  of  the  whole,  with  a  Pref. 
and  Continuation  by  the  Rev.  H.  Bonar,  Kelso,  1845  r  8vo 

"A  very  interesting  book,  and  well  deserving  of  attention  from 
the  lover  of  Christianity  and  of  Church  history."— Orme's  Bill  Bib 

"A  very  profitable  book  for  a  minister."— Bicker  steWs  C.  S 

2.  Devotional  Exercises  on  the  New  Test.,  Lon.  1796 


8vo;  2d  ed.,  with  a  Memoir  of  the  Author  by  W.  Nicol, 
D.D.,  1810,  2  vols.  8vo.  The  first  ed.  has  not  the  text. 

"The  work  corresponds  most  faithfully  with  its  title,  and  seems 
to  reflect  in  every  page  the  piety  and  high  devotional  spirit  of  the 
author.  Such  a  work  may  be  a  very  important  companion  to  many 
of  the  dry  and  more  critical  volumes  recommended  in  this  Biblio- 
theca." — Orme's  Bibl.  Brit. 

"  Beautiful  and  striking,  though  undesigned,  pictures  of  his 
pious  and  benevolent  heart." — DR.  ERSKINE. 

"  Much  calculated  to  raise  the  heart  to  communion  with  God, 
through  the  word."— Bickersteih's  C.  S. 

"  A  most  valuable  book  for  those  who  read  family  devotion,  every 
important  fact,  doctrine,  or  precept,  being  made  the  ground  and 
matter  of  prayer ;  and  that  in  such  a  style  as  to  be  an  excellent 
model  of  devotion." — Lon.  Evan.  Mag. 

3.  Life  of  Rev.  Geo.  Whitefield,  &c.,  1772,  8vo;  1813. 
His  Life  is  the  7th  vol.  of  Whitefield's  Works,  in  7  vols., 
1771,  8vo.  4.  Essay  on  the  Prophecies  relating  to  the 
Messiah,  Edin.,  1773,  8vo.  5.  Milton's  Paradise  Lost, 
illustrated  with  texts  of  Scripture,  Lon.,  1788,  12mo. 

Gillies,  John,  LL.D.,  1747-1836,  a  native  of  Brechin, 
Forfar,  Scotland,  educated  at  the  University  of  Glasgow, 
was  for  some  time  a  travelling  tutor  to  the  sons  of  the  Earl 
of  Hopetoun,  and,  upon  the  death  of  Dr.  Robertson,  was 
appointed  historiographer  to  the  King  of  Scotland. 

1.  Trans,  of  the  Orations  of  Isocrates,  and  those  of  Ly- 
sias,  <fec.,  Lon.,  1778,  8vo.  2.  Hist,  of  Ancient  Greece,  its 
Colonies,  and  Conquests,  1786,  2  vols.  4to ;  Dubl.,  1786,  3 
vols.  8vo;  Lon.,  1787,  4  vols.  8vo;  Basil,  1790,  5  vols.  8vo; 
1792,  4  vols.  8vo;  Lon.,  1809,  4  vols.  8vo;  1820,  8  vols.  8vo. 

"  This  work  enters  less  into  critical  and  recondite  details  than 
that  of  Mr.  Mitford,  though  sufficiently  accurate  and  comprehen 
sive  for  all  historical  purposes;  and  is,  in  style  of  composition, 
decidedly  superior  to  it.  It  has  been  translated  into  the  German 
and  French  languages." — SAMUEL  WARREN. 

Another  authority  thus  compares  the  histories  of  Gillies 
and  Mitford: 

"  These  are  works  of  considerable  merit ;  the  former  is  the  most 
learned,  the  latter  the  most  popular ;  the  former  is  abrupt  in  the 
style,  the  latter  is  more  fluent ;  by  the  perusal  of  the  one  the  reader 
is  more  amused  thau  instructed,  by  the  study  of  the  other  he  is 
more  instructed  than  amused." — DR.  CARPENTER. 

3.  Trans,  of  Aristotle's  Ethics  and  Politics,  comprising 
his  Practical  Philosophy,  &c.,  1786-97,  2  vols.  4to;  2d  ed., 
1804,  2  vols.  8vo.     Supp.  to  the  Analysis  of  Aristotle's 
Spec.  Works,  1804,  4to;  3d  ed.,  1813,  2  vols.  8vo. 

"  Aristotle's  treatise  on  politics  is  the  most  valuable  work  on  that 
branch  of  philosophy  that  has  descended  to  us  from  antiquity. 
The  version  given  of  it  in  this  work  is  sufficiently  close  to  make 
the  reader  acquainted  with  all  that  is  really  valuable  in  the  ori 
ginal." — McCulloch's  Lit.  of  Polit.  Earn. 

"  It  was  the  earliest  effort  of  antiquity  to  establish  a  system  of 
political  philosophy.  His  politics  displayed  his  profound  sagacity, 
and  it  is  admitted  that  Cicero,  Machiavel,  Montesquieu,  Bacon,  and 
other  statesmen,  were  largely  indebted  to  Aristotle  for  the  most 
solid  of  their  speculations." — CHANCELLOR  KENT. 

4.  A  view  of  the  Reign  of  Frederic  II.  of  Prussia,  &c., 
1789,  8vo. 

"  The  work  of  Dr.  Gillies  I  can  in  no  respect  admire.  There  ap 
pear  some  good  observations  about  the  king's  military  genius,  and 
there  are  some  incidents  mentioned  of  a  general  nature,  which  I 
do  not  observe  in  other  English  works.  On  the  whole,  I  can  re 
commend  it  to  the  student  only  when  he  wishes  to  learn  what  can 
be  said  in  the  praise  or  defence  of  Frederic.  Gillies  appears  to  me 
only  a  warm  panegyrist,  and  on  this  occasion  neither  a  historian 
nor  a  philosopher."— Prof.  Smyth's  Led.  on  Mod.  Hist. 

5.  The  Hist,  of  the  World  from  the  Reign  of  Alexander 
to  Augustus,  1807-10,  2  vols.  4to. 

"  It  does  not  appear  to  present  such  a  luminous  and  masterly 
view  of  the  very  interesting  period  which  it  embraces,  as  would 
have  been  given  by  Mr.  Gibbon  or  Dr.  Robertson;  but  it  exhibits 
proofs  of  learned  research,  and  may,  upon  the  whole,  we  think,  be 
read  with  pleasure  and  advantage.  It  deserves  no  praise  on  the 
score  of  style,  which  is  commonly  diffuse  and  overcharged;  and 
often  vulgar  and  slovenly."— Edin.  Rev.,  xi.  40-61. 

6.  Trans,  of  Aristotle's  Rhetoric,  1823,  8vo.     The  his 
torical  works  of  Dr.  Gillies  may  still  be  consulted  by  the 
student  with  advantage,  but  should  be  followed  by  a  care 
ful  perusal  of  the  results  of  more  recent  investigations. 

Gillies,  Robert  Pierce,  one  of  Blackwood's  early 
contributors,  the  "  Kemperhausen"  of  the  NOCTES  AMBRO- 
SIAN^E,  the  originator  and  first  editor  of  the  Foreign  Quar 
terly  Review,  the  author  of  Varia,  Childe  Alarique,(Poems ;) 
Recollections  of  Sir  Walter  .Scott,  1827;  Sir  Henry  Lon- 
gueville,  (a  Novel,)  <fec. ;  and  translator  of  German  litera 
ture,  has  told  his  own  story  in  the  Memoirs  of  a  Literary 
Veteran,  Lon.,  1851,  3  vols.  p.  8vo,  to  which  we  refer  the 
reader. 

"  Mr.  Gillies  has  this  advantage  over  many  collectors  of  similar 
reminiscences,  that  he  was  not  only  an  author  among  authors,  but 
that  his  social  position  in  early  life  gave  him  access  to  the  best  cir 
cles.  Scott,  Wordsworth.  Campbell,  the  Ettrick  Shepherd,  Rogers, 
Gait,  Maginn,  Hay  don,  and  many  more  names  of  interest,  figure 
frequently  in  his  pages." 

"Mr.  Robert  Pierce  Gillies  is  a  gentleman  of  the  Scotch  bar, 
favourably  known  by  translations  from  the  German." — WM.  II. 
PRESCOTT  :  N.  Amer.  Rev.,  xlvi.  434,  April,  1838. 


GIL 

Gilliland,  Thomas.  1.  Dramatic  Synopsis,  Lon., 
1804,  8vo.  2.  Elbow  Room,  1804,  8vo.  3.  Dramatic  Mir 
ror  j  containing  the  Hist,  of  the  Stage  from  the  earliest 
period  to  the  present  time;  including  a  Biog.  and  Crit. 
account  of  all  the  Dramatic  Writers  from  1C65  to  the  pre 
sent  time;  and  also  a  Hist,  of  the  Country  Theatres  in 
England,  Ireland,  and  Scotland,  Lon.,  1807,  2  vols.  12mo. 
"This  history  of  the  stage  and  account  of  dramatic  writers  is  of 
little  value."— Lowndes's  Bibl.  Man. 

Gilling,  Isaac.     Serms.,  1704,  '08,  '19,  all  8vo. 
Gilliiigwater,  Edmund.      1.  Parish  Workhouses, 
Lon.,  1786,  8vo.     2.  Hist.  Acct.  of  Lowestoft,  1790,  4to. 
3.  Hist,  and  Descrip.  Acct.  of  St.  Edmund's  Bury,  Suffolk, 
St.  Edm.,  1804,  12mo;  1811,  8vo. 

Gilliss,  Lieut.  J.  M.,  U.  S.  Navy,  distinguished  for 
his  scientific  acquirements,  and  especially  for  astronomical 
erudition.  The  U.  S.  Naval  Astronomical  Expedition  to 
the  Southern  Hemisphere  during  the  years  1849,  '50,  '51, 
'52.  Lieut.  J.  M.  Gilliss,  Superintendent;  Lieut.  Archibald 
Macrae,  Acting  Master  S.  L.  Phelps,  Capt's  Clerk  E.  R. 
Smith,  Assistants.  Vol.  I.  Chile  :  its  Geography,  Climate, 
Earthquakes,  Government,  Social  Condition,  Mineral  and 
Agricultural  Resources,  Commerce,  etc.  etc.  Vol.  II.  The 
Andes,  Minerals,  Animals,  Plants,  and  Fossils ;  Phila.,  1856, 
2  vols.  4to,  pp.  566  and  300.  Deeply  interesting,  and  most 
valuable  contributions  to  our  knowledge  of  this  portion  of 
the  American  Continent. 

Gillman,  James.  Dissert,  on  the  Bite  of  a  Rabid 
Animal,  Lon.,  1812,  Svo.  This  essay  received  a  prize  from 
the  Roy.  Coll.  of  Surg. 

Gillman,  John,  D.D.     Serm.,  1721,  Svo. 
Gillman,Webster.    Poll  for  Kent,&c.,1796,1802,8vo. 
Gillmor,  C.,  Vicar  of  Dartford.     1.  Reply  to  Mr. 
Baptist  W.  Noel's  Essay  against  the  Union  of  Church  and 
State,  1849,  ISmo;  2  eds. 

"  The  reply  should  everywhere  tread  upon  the  heels  of  the  Es 
say." — Nonconformist. 

"  It  is  a  most  able  and  dispassionate  refutation  of  the  many 

reasons  brought  forward  by  Mr.  Noel." — Bath  Herald. 

2.  Israel  in  the  Ascendant,  2d  ed.,  1853,  Svo. 

Gillon,  Joseph.     1.  Erskine's  (John)  Institute  of  the 

Law  of  Scotland,  1805,  fol.     2.  Erskine's  (John)  Principles 

of  the  Law  of  Scotland,  1809,  Svo. 

Gillon,  Thomas.  Catholic  Principles  of  Allegiance 
illustrated,  Lon.,  1807,  Svo. 

Gillray,  James,  d.  1815,  a  celebrated  caricaturist, 
exerted  no  small  influence  on  the  politics  of  his  day.  Sets 
of  his  original  plates,  all  engraved  by  himself  between 
1799  and  1810,  had  become  extremely  rare — indeed  a  com 
plete  set  could  not  be  procured  at  any  price — when  Mr. 
Henry  Bohn,  in  1849,  repub.  an  ed.  in  one  large  atlas  fol., 
for  the  trifling  price  of  £8  8s.  To  this  vol.  should  be 
added  the  descriptive  vol.  of  letter-press,  by  Thomas 
Wright  and  R.  H.  Evans,  1850,  Svo.  Some  years  before 
the  appearance  of  Bohn's  ed.,  Mr.  Maclean  pub.  one  at  the 
price  of  twenty-five  guineas,  in  two  thin  vols.  This  ed.  is 
now  rare.  Its  contents,  with  additional  subjects,  will  be 
found  in  Mr.  Bohn's  ed. 

Gill  son,  Edward.  1.  Lectures  on  the  Second  Ad 
vent,  Lon.,  1845,  12mo;  1847. 

"  Four  excellent  discourses The  subject  is  handled  through 

out  in  a  practical  way."— Achill  Miss.  Herald. 

2.  The  Relapsed  Demoniac.  3.  Parting  Token:  Ten 
concluding  Serms.,  1854,  fp.  Svo. 

Gillum,  R.,  M.D.     Letter  to  Dr.  Mill,  1803. 
Gillum,  Wm.,  d.  1797.      1.  Miscell.  Poems,  and  a 
Farce  called  What  will  the  World  say?  Lon.,  1787,  Svo, 
2.  The  present  War  with  France,  1794,  Svo. 
Gilly,  Sarah.     Receipts,  Lon.,  1662,  Svo. 
"  With  a  portrait  of  S.  Gilly,  by  W.  Faithorne,  (after  Lely.)  This 
portrait  was  afterwards  altered  to  Hannah  Wooley."— Lowndes'. 
Bibl.  Man. 

Gilly,  W.  O.  S.  Shipwrecks  of  the  Royal  Navy 
1793-1819,  Lon.,  1850,  p.  Svo;  1851. 

Gilly,  Wm.  Stephen,  D.D.,  Canon  of  Durham,  and 
Vicar  of  Norham,  d.  1855.  1.  The  Spirit  of  the  Gospel 
1818,  Svo. 

"  This  volume  is  a  valuable  addition  to  the  divinity  treasury 
its  language  and  comments  are  matured;  but  it  rarely  has  ips 
dixit  opinions." — Anti-Jacobin  Rev.,  No.  245. 

2.  Excursions  to  the  Mountains  of  Piedmont,  and  Re 
searches  among  the  Vaudois,1824,4to;  1825,8vo;  1826,8vo 

"One  of  the  most  interesting  volumes  that  has  lately  appeared. 
— Lon.  Quar.  Rev.,  xxxiii.  134-176. 

^All  who  are  interested  in  the  Waldenses  should  read  both 
this  and  the  following  volumes — Nos.  3,  5,  and  7 — and  th 
review  from  which  we  have  just  quoted. 

3.  Second  Visit;  or,  Waldensian  Researches,  1831,  Svo 
"  Exceedingly  interesting,  and  the  more  so  as  all  the  details  are 

given  from  actual  observation." — Lon.  Athenceum. 


GIL 

4.  Horse  Catecheticae,  1828,  Svo. 

"  An  esteemed  work." — Lowndes's^  Brit.  Lib. 

5.  Valdenses,  Valdo,  and  Vigilantius ;  being  the  articles 
under  these  heads  in  the  Seventh  Ed.  Encyc.  Brit.,  1841, 
p.  8vo. 

An  eloquent  account,  from  personal  observation,  of  that  small 
community  of  Protestants,  who,  in  the  secluded  valleys  of  the 
Dottian  Alps,  have  for  many  centuries  maintained  the  purity  of 
their  faith  and  worship,  and  kept  up  the  vestal  fire  of  their  moun 
tain  church,  in  the  midst  of  privations  and  persecutions  not  yet 
extinguished." — Lon.  Quarterly  Review. 

1.  The  Peasantry  of  the  Border;  an  Appeal  in  their 
Behalf,  1842,  8vo. 

Give  them  good  cottages,  and  help  them  to  educate  their 
children." 

Of  this  excellent  work  a  second  ed.,  enlarged,  has  ap 
peared,  with  plans,  estimates,  &c. 

7.  Vigilantius  and  his  Times,  1844,  8vo. 

;'  The  history  of  this  reformer  and  his  controversy  with  Jerome 
have  been  recently  subjected  to  an  elaborate  examination  by  the 
Rev.  Dr.  Gilly  in  his  learned  and  instructive  work,  Vigilantius  and 
his  Times,  which  the  student  ought  by  all  means  to  consult  in 
order  to  obtain  a  clear  idea  of  the  deplorable  state  of  religion  in  the 
early  part  of  this  (the  5th)  century."— DR.  J.  SEATON  REID,  Editor  of 
Mosktim. 

8.  Romaunt  Version  of  the  Gospel  according  to  St.  John, 
1848,  8vo. 

Gilman,  Mrs.  Caroline,  a  daughter  of  the  late 
Samuel  Howard  of  Boston,  was  born  in  that  city,  October 
8,  1794.  At  the  early  age  of  16,  she  wrote  a  poem  entitled 
Jephthah's  Rash  Vow,  which  was  succeeded  by  another 
poetical  effusu  n,  Jairus's  Daughter,  which  was  pub.  in 
The  North  American  Review.  In  1819  she  was  married 
to  Samuel  Gilman,  D.D.,  who,  shortly  after  this  event,  be 
came  pastor  of  the  Unitarian  Church  in. Charleston,  South 
Carolina,  which  office  he  retained  until  his  death,  in  1858. 
In  1832  Mrs.  Gilman  commenced  editing  The  Rosebud,  a 
hebdomadal,  perhaps  the  first  juvenile  newspaper  pub.  in 
the  United  States. 

"  From  this  periodical  I  have  reprinted,  at  various  tunes,  the 
following  volumes : — Recollections  of  a  New  England  Housekeeper ; 
Recollections  of  a  Southern  Matron;  Ruth  Raymond;  or,  Love's' 
Progress;  Poetry  of  Travelling  in  the  United  States;  Tales  and 
Ballads;  Verses  of  a  Life-Time ;  Letters  of  Eliza  Wilkinson  during 
the  Invasion  of  Charleston.  Also  several  volumes  for  youth,  now 
collected  in  one,  and  recently  published  as  Mrs.  Oilman's  Gift- 
Book."  See  Mrs.  Kale's  Records  of  Women,  N.  Y.,  1853,  r.  8vo. 

To  this  list  must  be  added  Oracles  for  Youth,  1854; 
Oracles  from  the  Poets;  and  Sibyl j  or,  New  Oracles  from 
the  Poets,  1854. 

Mrs.  Gilman  is  best  known  by  the  Recollections  of  a 
New  England  Housekeeper,  and  Recollections  of  a  Southern 
Matron,  of  both  of  which  there  have  been  many  editions. 
"  Her  works  will  long  be  valued  for  the  spirit  and  fidelity  with 
which  she  has  painted  rural  and  domestic  life  in  the  northern  and 
in  the  southern  states.  Her  Recollections  of  a  New  England 
Housekeeper  and  Recollections  of  a  Southern  Matron  are  equally 
happy,  and  both  show  habits  of  minute  observation,  skill  in  cha 
racter-writing,  and  an  artist-like  power  of  grouping.  They  are 
also  pervaded  by  a  genial  tone,  and  a  true  love  of  nature  and 
good  sense.  .  .  .  The  poems  of  Mrs.  Gil^-an  abound  in  expressions 
of  wise,  womanly  feeling,  and  are  frequently  marked  by  a  graceful 
elegance  of  manner." — Griswold's  Female  Poets  of  America. 
See  GLOVER,  MRS.  CAROLINE  H. 

Gilman,  Charles.  Decisions  Sup.  Cts.  of  Indiana 
and  Illinois,  and  Cir.  Ct.  U.  S.  for  7th  Cir.,  Columbus, 
1844,  8vo. 

Gilman,  Samuel,  D.D.,  b.  1791,  in  Gloucester, 
Massachusetts;  entered  Harvard  College  in  1807,  in  the 
same  class  with  N.  L.  Frothingham  and  Edward  Everett. 
He  graduated  in  1811,  and  was,  from  1817  to  1819,  tutor 
in  his  college.  In  1819  he  was  married  to  Miss  Caroline 
Howard,  (see  GILMAN,  MRS.  CAROLINE,)  and  removed  to 
Charleston,  South  Carolina,  where  he  remained  until  his 
death  in  1858,  as  pastor  of  the  Unitarian  Church  of  that 
city.  Dr.  Gilman  contributed  many  valuable  papers  to  the 
North  American  Review  on  the  Lectures  of  Dr.  Thomas 
Brown,  a  trans,  of  several  of  the  satires  of  Boileau,  Ac., 
and  pub.  other  essays  upon  various  subjects  in  the  Boston 
Christian  Examiner,  the  London  Monthly  Repository,  Ac., 
together  with  discourses,  biographies,  essays,  and  transla 
tions,  which  exhibit  a  wide  range  of  knowledge  and  are 
"all  executed  with  taste  and  scholarship."  His  Memoirs 
of  a  New  England  Choir,  of  which  there  have  been  three 
eds^  has  been  greatly  admired  for  the  tone  of  humorous 
vivacity  and  graphic  descriptiveness  which  distinguishes  it. 
He  pub.,  in  1852,  the  Pleasures  and  Pains  of  a  Student's 
Life,  and,  in  1856,  a  vol.  entitled  Contributions  to  Litera 
ture,  Critical,  Humorous,  Biographical,  Philosophical,  and 
Poetical.  Noticed  in  N.  Amer.  Rev.,  July,  1856,  271,  by 
A.  P.  Peabody,  D.D.  Of  his  poems,  The  History  of  the 
Ray  of  Light,  and  his  Poem  read  before  the  Phi  Beta  Kappa 
Society  of  Harvard  College,  are  among  the  best-known, 

673 


GIL 


GIL 


A  review  of  some  of  Dr.  Oilman's  sermons  will  be  found  in 
the  Boston  Christian  Disciple,  iv.  33.  See  an  interesting 
biographical  sketch  of  Dr.  Gilman  in  the  Monthly  Reli 
gious  Magazine,  Boston,  April,  1858.  Also  Dr.  Burnap's 
Funeral  Discourse. 

Gilmer,  W.  Cases  Decided  in  Ct.  Appeals  of  Vir 
ginia,  1820  to  1821,  Richmond,  1821,  8vo. 

Gilmour,  Sir  John,  of  Craigmillar.  Decisions  of 
the  Lords  of  Council  and  Session  from  July,  1661,  to  July, 
1666,  Edin.,  1701,  4to. 

Gilmour,  Capt.  Robt.  1.  Lothaire;  a  Romance, 
1815,  8vo.  2.  The  Battle  of  Waterloo ;  a  Poem,  1816,  8vo. 

Gilpin,  Bernard,  1517-1583,  the  "Apostle  of  the 
North,"  a  native  of  Westmoreland,  educated  at  and  Fel 
low  of  Queen's  Coll.,  Oxf.,  became  Vicar  of  Norton,  Dur 
ham,  1552,  and  subsequently  Rector  of  Hough  ton-le- 
Spring.  He  refused  the  bishopric  of  Carlisle  and  the 
provostship  of  Queen's  College.  He  embraced  the  prin 
ciples  of  the  Reformation  with  great  ardour,  and  no  man 
of  his  day  was  more  famous  for  abundant  labours,  un- 

?uenchable  zeal,  and  holiness  of  life.  1.  A  Godly  Serm., 
581.  Also,  sine  anno.  2.  Serm.,  1630,  4to.  His  Life 
was  written  by  Bishop  Carleton,  1628,  <fcc., — see  Words 
worth's  Eccl.  Biog.,  iv.  367 ;  an  article  by  South ey  in  the 
Quar.  Rev.,  xxxix.  375 ;  and  his  Life  by  his  descendant,  Rev. 
Wm.  Gilpin,  1753.  New  ed.,  with  Introduc.  Essay  by  the 
Rev.  Edward  Irving,  1824,  12mo;  1830,  12mo;  1854,  8vo. 
"Thus  died  Bernard  Gilpin,  who,  for  his  exemplary  piety,  labo 
rious  virtue,  and  unbounded  benevolence,  deserves  to  have  his 
name  transmitted  to  posterity  with  respect  and  reverence,  and 
who  obtained — and  most  deservedly — among  his  contemporaries  the 
title  of  the  Northern  Apostle." 

Gilpin,  Bernard,  Rector  of  Warmington,  Warwick 
shire.  Accession  Serm.  on  Judges  xvii.  6,  1717,  8vo. 

Gilpin,  Bernard,  Rector  of  St.  Andrew,  Hertford. 
Anthologia  Sacra,  Lon.,  1832,  8vo. 

Gilpin,  Edw.  Skialetheia;  or,  A  Shadow  of  Truth 
in  Certain  Epigrams  and  Satyres,  Lon.,  1598,  16mo. 

Gilpin,  George,  brother  of  Bernard,  Privy-Counsellor 
of  Queen  Elizabeth,  and  her  ambassador  at  the  Hague, 
negotiated  Treaty  of  1596,  between  her,  Henry  IV.  of 
France,  and  the  Dutch  Republic;  trans,  from  the  Dutch 
Alegambe's  satire  against  Popery,  entitled  The  Bee  Hiue 
of  the  Romishe  Churche,  Lon.,  1580,  '98,  16mo. 

Gilpin,  George,  Secretary  of  the  Royal  Society.  Con. 
on  Nat.  Philos.  to  Phil.  Trans.,  1794, 1806,  and  Nic.  Jour., 
1807. 

Gilpin,  Gilbert.  Con.  on  Machines  to  Nic.  Jour., 
1806,  '08. 

Gilpin,  Henry.  Massacre  of  the  Bards,  and  other 
Poems,  Lon.,  1839,  12mo. 

Gilpin,  Henry  D.,  a  lawyer  of  Philadelphia,  noted  for 
his  attainments  in  t^e  Greek  and  Latin  classics,  b.  in  1801 ; 
graduated  in  the  University  of  Pennsylvania,  1819 ;  Attor 
ney  of  the  U.S.  for  Pennsylvania,  1832  j  Solicitor  of  the 
Treasury  of  the  United  States,  1837 ;  Attorney- General  of 
the  United  States,  1840 ;  now  President  of  the  Pennsyl 
vania  Academy  of  the  Fine  Arts,  Vice-President  of  the 
Historical  Society,  and  Director  of  Girard  College.  1.  Re 
ports  of  Cases  Dist.  Ct.  U.S.  for  East.  Dist.  Penna.  1828- 
36,  Phila,,  1837,  8vo. 

"Judge  Hopkinson's  decisions  occupy  the  greater  part  of  the 
volume,  and  are  very  able  and  excellent  expositions  of  Admiralty 
Law.  The  Reporter  has  given  clear  and  concise  statements  of  the 
facts  in  each  case,  and  the  book  enjoys,  in  all  respects,  a  high 
reputation."— Marvin's  Leg.  Bibl.  See  18  Amer.  Jur.,  521. 

2.  Opinions  of  the  Attorneys-General  of  the  U.S.  from 
the  beginning  of  the  Govt.  to  1841 ;  taken  from  Official 
Documents  transmitted  to  Congress,  Wash.,  1841, 2  vols.  8vo. 
"  The  work  is  an  interesting  one,  and  every  way  a  fitting  monu 
ment  to  the  reputation  of  the  distinguished  men  who  have  suc 
cessively  filled  the  Attorney-Generalship  of  the  United  States."— 
1  Pa.  Law  J.,  264. 

To  Mr.  Gilpin  we  are  also  indebted  for  the  supervision 
of  the  publication,  by  authority  of  Congress,  of  The  Papers 
of  James  Madison,  vols.  i.,  ii.,  iii.,  pp.  580,  xxii.;  662;  382, 
ccxlvi.,  1840,  8vo.  These  papers  were  purchased  from 
Mrs.  Madison  by  the  Govt.  of  the  United  States  for  thirty 
thousand  dollars.  See  a  review  of  their  character,  by 
Charles  Francis  Adams,  in  N.  Amer.  Rev.,  liii.  41. 

Mr.  Gilpin  edited  and  wrote  many  articles  in  prose  and 
verse  in  the  Atlantic  Souvenir,  the  first  literary  annual  pub. 
in  America,  Phila.,  1826-32.  <He  is  also  the  author  of  many 
articles,  literary  and  political,  in  the  American  Quarterly 
Review  and  the  Democratic  Review,  and  some  in  the  North 
American  Review.  A  large  number  of  the  Biographies  of 
the  Signers  of  the  Declaration  of  Independence  were  written 
by  him;  and  the  second  edition  of  that  collection  was  en 
tirely  revised,  enlarged  with  much  fresh  original  matter, 
and  edited  by  him.  He  has  published  biographical  notices 
674 


of  Livingston,  Wright,  Forsyth,  Poinsett,  and  other  states 
men,  now  deceased,  with  whom  he  was  associated.  Nume 
rous  addresses  and  speeches  of  his  have  been  printed,  deli 
vered  on  public  occasions  or  before  societies  connected  with 
literature,  science,  and  the  Fine  Arts. 

Gilpin,  Jeremiah.     Serm.,  Lon.,  1787,  8vo. 

Gilpin,  John,  of  Kendal,  Eng.  The  Quakers  Shaken. 
Lon.,  1653,  4to. 

Gilpin,  Joseph.  Epidemic  Fever  at  Gibraltar  in  the 
years  1804,  '10,  '13;  Medico-Chirurg.  Trans.,  v.  333,  1814. 

Gilpin,  Joshua,  Vicar  of  Wrockwardine.  Sermons 
and  Theol.  Treat.,  1785-1817.  Life  of  St.  Paul,  1806.  Mo 
nument  of  Parental  Affection,  1812. 

Gilpin,  Joshua,  Phila.  Memoir  on  a  Canal  from  the 
Chesapeake  to  the  Delaware,  1821,  Svo.  Verses  written  at 
the  Fountain  of  Vaucluse,  1799,  Svo.  Farm  of  Virgil,  and 
other  Poems,  1839,  12mo. 

Gilpin,  Rand.     Liturgica  Sacra,  Carmine,  1657,  8vo. 

Gilpin,  Richard,  1625-1699,  graduated  M.D.  at 
Leyden ;  studied  divinity,  and  was  Rector  of  Graystock,. 
in  Cumb. ;  resigned  it  from  non-compliance  with  the  Act 
of  Uniformity.  Disputatio  Medica  de  Hysterica  Passione. 
The  Temple  Rebuilt,  Lon.,  1658.  Sermons,  Lon.,  1700. 
Demonologia  Sacra;  or,  A  Treatise  of  Satan's  Tempta 
tions.  In  three  parts,  Lon.,  1677,  4to. 

"  If  ever  there  was  a  man  that  was  clearly  acquainted  with  the 
cabinet  councils  of  hell,  this  author  is  the  man." — Ryland's  Cotton 
Mather. 

"  An  excellent  work ;  shows  the  snares  of  our  great  enemy,  and 
is  full  of  Christian  experience."— Bickersteth's  C.  S. 

Gilpin,  Richard.     Serm.,  Lon.,  1700,  4to. 

Gilpin,  Rev.  Thomas.  The  Odes  of  Anacreon,  in 
English  Prose,  Lon.,  1807,  12mo;  1808. 

Gilpin,  Thomas,  Phila.,  original  member  of  the 
Amer.  Phil.  Society,  1769.  Con.  to  its  Transactions,  vol.  i. 
339,  ii.  236. 

Gilpin,  Thomas.  Exiles  in  Virginia :  Observations 
and  Official  Documents  rel.  to  Friends  during  the  Ameri 
can  Revolution,  1848,  Svo.  On  Representation  of  Minori 
ties,  1844,  Svo.  On  Organic  Remains  Connected  with  an 
Ancient  Tropical  Region,  1843,  Svo. 

Gilpin,  William,  1724-1804,  Vicar  of  Boldre,  in  the 
New  Forest,  and  Preb.  of  Salisbury,  was  the  author  of 
many  valuable  theological  and  other  works,  some  of  which 
we  notice.  He  left  the  profits  of  his  publications  for  the 
endowment  of  a  school  or  schools  at  Boldre.  He  was  an 
accomplished  artist,  as  his  illustrations  to  his  vols.  abun 
dantly  prove.  His  brother  Sawrey,  a  professional  artist, 
contributed  etchings  of  cattle  to  William's  picturesque 
works.  1.  Life  of  Bernard  Gilpin,  Lon.,  1753,  Svo.  2  Of 
Latimer,  1755,  Svo.  3.  Of  Wickliff,  <fcc.,  1765,  Svo.  4.  Of 
Cranmer,  17S4,  Svo.  5.  Of  the  Reformers,  1809,  2  vols.  Svo. 
6.  Lect.  on  the  Catechism  of  the  Ch.  of  Eng.,  1779,  2  vols. 
12mo. 

"  This  book  greatly  merits  the  attention  of  young  persons."— 
BISHOP  WATSON. 

7.  Expos,  of  the  N.  Test,,  1790,  4to;  2d  ed.,  1793,  2  vols. 
Svo.     Other  eds. 

"A  justly-admired  and  ably-executed  work."— Home's  Bibl.Bib. 
See  Brit.  Crit.,  0.  S.,  iv.  122. 

8.  Dialogues  on  the  Amusements  of  the  Clergy,  1797, 
12mo. 

"  Written  under  the  assumed  name  of  Dr.  Frampton,  but  really, 
as  I  believe,  by  the  late  Rev.  William  Gilpin,  Vicar  of  Boldre,  in 
the  New  Forest.  A  clergyman  may  derive  from  it,  I  am  per 
suaded,  many  valuable  hints  with  respect  to  his  amusements, 
and  he  will  be  amply  repaid  for  the  perusal  by  the  neatness  and 
entertaining  character  of  the  composition,  as  well  as  by  the 
general  correctness  of  its  sentiments."— Bp.  Mant's  Clergyman's 
Obligations,  p.  338. 

"  Sound  arguments  against  many  that  are  indefensible,  and  a 
pleading  for  those  less  objectionable."— Bickersteih's  C.  S. 

9.  Serins,  preached  to  a  Country  Congregation.    Vol.  i., 
1799;  3d  ed.,  1802;  vol.  ii.,  2d  ed.,  1801;  vol.  iii.,  1803; 
vol.  iv.,  1805. 

"We  strongly  recommend  these  discourses  to  the  frequent 
perusal  and  the  careful  imitation  of  the  young  clergy,  espe 
cially  those  who  reside  in  the  country."— Dr.  AiJein's  Annual 
Review. 

10.  We  class  under  one  head  a  series  of  Mr.  G.'s  works 
generally  sold  together,  the  first  issued  of  which,  Forest 
Scenery,  was  pub.  (first  ed.)  in  1791,  2  vols.  8vo.     Works 
on  the  Picturesque  in  Landscape  Scenery  and  Gardening, 
comprising  Observations  and  Artistical  Remarks  on  the 
Picturesque  Beauty  of  various  Parts  of  England,  Wales, 
and  Scotland,  in  a  Series  of  Tours  and  Essays,  180S,  <£c. 
1.  Northern    Tour,  2   vols.      2.   Southern   Tour,^l   vol. 
3.  Western  Tour,  1  vol.     4.  Eastern  Tour,  1  vol.     5.  Scot 
tish  Tour,  2  vols.     6.  River  Wye,  Ac.,  1  vol.     7.  Forest 
Scenery,  Ac.,  2  vols.     8.  Five  Essays:   on    Picturesque 

1  Beauty,  Travel,  Landscape,  Drawings,  1  vol.     ' 


).  Prints 


GIL 


GIS 


and  Early  Engravers,  1  vol.  Together,  12  vols.  8vo, 
1808,  &c.,  with  187  aquatinta  engravings.  Pub.  at  £10 
10*.  Now  (1856)  worth  about  £3  10s.  to  £4  10s.,  accord 
ing  to  condition. 

"A  gentleman  by  whose  pen  and  whose  pencil  I  have  been 
almost  equally  delighted,  and  who,  with  an  originality  that  always 
accompanies  true  genius,  may  be  considered  as  having  opened  a 
new  source  of  enjoyment  in  surveying  the  works  of  nature."— 
Greerts  Diary  of  a  Lover  of  Literature. 

"All  these  works  [Gilpin's  Tours]  display  a  deep  and  sincere 
judgment,  and  are  written  in  a  style  appropriate  to  the  subject 
and  worthy  of  the  matter."— Stevenson's  Voyages  and  Travels. 

"Gilpin  has  described,  in  several  justly-esteemed  tours,  the 
Picturesque  Beauties  of  Great  Britain.  All  his  volum.es  are  ac 
companied  by  engravings  in  aquatint,  executed  by  himself  with 
the  taste  and  feelings  of  a  painter.  He  has  in  some  measure  cre 
ated  a  new  kind  of  tour,  which  has  found  bad  imitators  every 
where.  All  his  works  abound  with  ingenious  reflections,  proper 
to  enrich  the  theory  of  the  arts  and  to  guide  the  practice  of  them." 
— Biograp/iie  Universette. 

Gilpin,  William,  d.  1848,  Rector  of  Pulverbatch, 
1806,  son  of  the  preceding,  and  his  successor  as  master  of 
the  school  at  Cheam,  Surrey.  Serms.,  illustrative  and 
practical,  Lon.,  1820,  8vo. 

Gilpin,  William  Sawrey,  d.  1843,  aged  81,  land 
scape-gardener,  son  of  Sawrey  Gilpin,  artist  of  the  Royal 
Academy,  and  cousin  to  the  subject  of  the  preceding 
notice.  Practical  Hints  upon  Landscape  Gardening,  Lon., 
1832,  r.  8vo;  1835. 

"A  very  interesting  work.  Mr.  Gilpin's  well-known  labours, 
and  their  effect  in  advancing  and  refining  the  portion  of  our  home 
enjoyments  connected  with  the  garden,  render  it  unnecessary  for 
us  to  say  more  than  that  this  volume  contains  graphic  embellish 
ments  which  at  once  adorn  the  work  and  illustrate  its  instruc 
tions." — Lon.  Literary  Gazette. 

Gilpin's  terms  were  five  guineas  a  day  and  travelling 
expenses  paid. 

Gilroy,  C.  G.  Art  of  Weaving  by  Hand  and  by 
Power,-  2d  ed.,  Manches.,  1853,  r.  8vo. 

"  We  have  seldom  or  never  seen  a  more  elaborate  work  upon 
any  department  of  the  art.  It  is  a  curious  and  extraordinary 
book."— Belfast  Times. 

Gilson,  David,  Curate  of  St.  Saviour's,  Southwark. 
1.  Serms.  on  Prac.  Subjects,  Lon.,  1788,  8vo.  2,  3,  4.  Oc- 
cas.  Serms.,  1793,  '94,  1800.  5.  Serms.  on  Prac.  Subjects, 
with  Memoir. 

live  passages,  much  solid 


argument,  and  a  great  deal  of  useful  and  edifying  instruction." — 
Vide  Life. 

Gipps,  George.     Serm.,  Lon.,  1645,  4to. 

Gipps,  Henry,  Vicar  of  St.  Peter's,  Hereford.  1. 
Treat,  on  the  First  Resurrection,  &c.,  Lon.,  1831, 12mo. 

"An  elaborate  work,  written  against  the  millenarian  view  of 
Scripture."— Lowndes's  Brit.  Lib. 

2.  Serms.  and  Sketches  of  Serms.,  with  Remarks  upon 
his  Pulpit  Ministry,  by  the  Rev.  J.  H.  Latrobe,  1833,  8vo. 

"  These  sermons  of  the  Evangelical  school  are  composed  in  a 
plain  and  homely,  but  sometimes  energetic  style,  and  with  an 
earnest  sincerity,  sometimes  harshness,  of  tone." — Brit.  Crit.,  1834. 
"  A  volume  of  evangelical  sermons,  by  one  of  the  most  eminent 
and  devoted  ministers  of  the  Establishment." — London  Congrega 
tional  Magazine. 

Gipps,  Thomas.     Serm.,  <fcc.,  1683,  '99. 

Giraldus  Cambrensis.    See  BARRY,  GIRALD. 

Girdler,  J.  S.  1.  Forestalling,  Regrating,  and  In- 
grossing,  &c.,  Lon.,  1800,  8vo.  2.  High  Price  of  Pro 
visions,  1800. 

Girdleston,  Rev.  J.  L.  1.  New  Version  of  Pindar, 
Lon.  and  Norw.,  1810,  4to.  2.  Facts  tending  to  prove 
that  General  Lee  was  Junius,  Lon.,  1813, 8vo.  See  JUNIUS. 

Girdlestone,  Charles,  Rural  Dean,  Rector  of  Kings- 
winford,  Staffordshire.  1.  New  Test.,  with  a  Comment., 
Lon.,  1832-35, 4  pts.  8vo ;  2  vols.  New  ed.,  1850, 2  vols.  8vo. 

"  These  labours  are  an  honour  to  Mr.  Girdlestone,  and  a  service 
to  the  Christian  world." — Brit.  Critic. 

2.  Old  Test.,  with  a  Comment.,  1836-38,  pts.  1  to  3,  8vo. 
New  ed.,  1850,  4  vols.  8vo. 

"  Two  most  valuable  practical  expositions  of  the  Old  and  New 
Testaments."— Home's  Bibl.  Bib. 

We  cite  also  the  following  commendation  of  Mr.  Girdle- 
stone's  Commentaries  on  the  Old  and  New  Testaments : 

"All  controversial  doctrines,  all  abstruse  theories,  and  all 
learned  discussions  are  carefully  avoided,  while  the  capacities  and 
wants  of  an  ordinary  domestic  circle  are  kept  steadily  in  view." — 
Lon.  Chris.  Eemem. 

Mr.  G.  has  also  pub.  several  series  of  serms.,  Ac.,  and 
edited,  in  conjunction  with  the  Rev.  Wm.  A.  Osborne,  an 
expurgated  and  annotated  edition  of  the  Greek  and  Latin 
classics,  adapted  to  the  use  of  young  persons ;  pub.  by 
Messrs.  Longman  &  Co.,  of  London. 

Girdlestone,  Thomas,  M.D.,  1758-1822,  a  native 
of  Holt,  Norfolk,  practised  for  36  years  at  Yarmouth. 
1.  Diabetes,  Yarm.,  1799,  8vo.  2.  Odes  of  Anacreon,  in 
English  verse,  Lon.,  1803,  cr.  8vo;  3d  ed.,  1806. 


Girdlestone,  Rev.  Wm.  Observ.  on  Daniel  and 
on  part  of  the  Revelations  of  St.  John,  with  an  Append, 
on  the  24th  chap,  of  St.  Matt.,  Ac.,  Oxf.,  1820,  8vo. 

Girle,  S.     Serms.,  1790,  1803,  '05,  all  8vo. 

Girrard,  J.    Lect.  on  Education,  Exon.,  1757,  12mo. 

Girtin,  James.  Seventy -five  Portraits  of  Celebrated 
Painters,  from  authentic  Originals,  Lon.,  1817,  4to. 

Girtin,  Thomas.  Views  in  Paris,  Lon.,  1803,  ob 
long  fol. 

Girton,  Daniel.  The  Complete  Pigeon-Fancier, 
Lon.,  1779,  12mo. 

"A  very  judicious  compilation."— Lovmdes's  Bibl.  Man. 

Girvan,  Alex.  Reginald  Selwyn;  or,  Lights  and 
Shades  of  Literary  Life,  1825,  8vo. 

"  We  can  recommend  this  book  to  the  perusal  of  all  who  can 
appreciate  lifelike  portraiture." — Lon.  M.  Herald. 

Girvin,  .John,  1734-1804.  Exportation  of  Rock 
Salt,  &c.,  Lon.,  1800,  8vo. 

Gisborne,  John.  The  Vales  of  Wever;  a  loco-de 
scriptive  Poem,  Lon.,  1797,  4to ;  2d  ed.,  1851,  12mo.  A 
Memoir  of  J.  G.,  with  Extracts  from  his  Diary,  was  pub. 
in  1852,  p.  8vo. 

Gisborne,  L.  The  Isthmus  of  Darien  in  1852  :  Jour 
nal  of  Expedition  of  Inquiry,  Lon.,  1853,  p.  8vo. 

Gisborne,  Thomas,  1758-1846,  a  native  of  Derby, 
entered  Harrow  School,  1773;  St.  John's  Coll.,  Camb., 
1776 ;  ordained  deacon,  1781 ;  priest,  1782 ;  Perpetual  Cu 
rate  of  Barton-under-Needwood,  Staffordshire,  1783;  re 
sided  at  Yoxhall  Lodge,  near  Barton,  1783-1846;  Preb.  of 
Durham,  1826.  A  biographical  notice  of  Mr.  G.,  with  a 
list  of  his  works,  will  be  found  in  Lon.  Gent.  Mag.  for 
June,  1846.  His  principal  works  are — 1.  Principles  of 
Moral  Philosophy,  Lon.,  1789,  8vo;  4tb  ed.,  with  Remarks 
rel.  to  Slave  Trade,  (pub.  1792,)  1798. 

"A  well-written  work,  containing  many  judicious  observa 
tions." — Lowndes's  Bibl.  Man. 

2.  An  Enquiry  into  the  Duties  of  Men  in  the  Higher 
Rank  and  Middle  Classes  of  Society  in  G.  Brit.,  1794, 4to; 
1795,  2  vols.  8vo.  3.  Walks  in  a  Forest;  or,  Poems,  Ac., 
1794,  4to;  1797,  8vo;  7th  ed.,  12mo. 

"Gisborne's  Poems  have  a  title  to  particular  note,  as  possessing 
just  claims  to  original  description.  That  entitled  Walks  in  a 
Forest  is  a  peculiarly  attractive  work,  not  deficient  in  pathetic 
incident  or  digressional  decoration."— DR.  DRAKE. 

4.  Duties  of  the  Female  Sex,  1797,  8vo;  14th  ed.,  1847, 
24mo.  5.  Familiar  Survey  of  the  Chris.  Relig.  and  Hist., 
1797,  8vo ;  8th  ed.,  1840,  fp.  8vo. 

"It  is  a  plain  but  judicious  and  useful  work.  The  first  division 
gives  the  history  of  the  Old  and  New  Testament;  the  second  ex 
plains  the  leading  doctrines  of  our  religion ;  and  the  third  con 
veys  the  history  of  Christianity  from  its  origin  to  the  present 
time." — Lowndes's  Brit.  Lib. 

6.  Poems,  1798,  8vo ;  3d  ed.,  12mo.  7.  Serms.,  vol.  i.f 
5th  ed.,  1809 ;  vol.  ii.,  4th  ed.,  1806.  On  Christian  Mo 
rality,  2d  ed.,  1810,  8vo.  (He  also  pub.  several  occasional 
serms.)  His  serms.  are  considered  "a  model  for  young 
students  of  divinity." 

"  The  heart  must  be  cold  which  is  not  moved  by  them,  nor 
should  we  admire  the  head  which  was  impenetrable  to  their  argu 
ments." — Brit.  Critic. 

"  We  have  read  these  sermons  with  so  much  satisfaction,  that 
were  it  in  our  power  to  aid  their  circulation  by  any  testimony  of 
our  approbation,  we  should  be  almost  at  a  loss  for  terms  suffi 
ciently  strong  and  emphatic." — REV.  ROBERT  HALL. 

"  Mr.  Gisborne's  style  is  clear  and  nervous,  his  piety  dignified 
and  elevated,  and  his  zeal  tempered  with  mildness  and  candour. 
These  excellencies  render  his  sermons  a  model  for  young  students 
of  divinity,  especially  those  who  may  have  to  address  congrega 
tions  of  the  higher  class." — Lon.  Chris.  Observer. 

8.  Serms.  (8)  on  St.  Paul's  Epistle  to  the  Colossians, 
1816,  12mo. 

"  A  practical  exposition  of  an  important  epistle.  It  embodies  an 
evangelical  spirit,  and  affords  some  excellent  illustrations  both  of 
the  doctrine  and  general  influence  of  the  gospel." — Orme's  Bibl.  Bib. 

"A  very  useful  little  work."— Home's  Bibl.  Bib. 

See  an  analysis  of  it  in  the  Lon.  Chris.  Observer  for  1816, 
vol.  xv.,  pp.  525-534. 

9.  The  Testimony  of  Natural  Theology  to  Christianity, 
1818,  I2mo. 

"  Some  additional  illustrations  to  ~Pa.ley."—Bickerstettfs  C.  S. 

10.  Considerations  on  the  modern  theories  of  Geology, 
and  their  consistency  or  inconsistency  with  the  Scriptures, 
1837,  8vo. 

11.  An  Enquiry  respecting  Love  as  one  of  the  Divine 
Attributes,  1838,  fp.  8vo. 

<<  A  series  of  writings  on  moral  and  theological  subjects,  calm, 
rational,  intelligent,  and  impressive,  contribute  to  place  Gisborne 
in  the  number  of  the  best  Christians,  if  not  of  the  best  writers,  of 
the  age." — Lon.  Quar.  Rev. 

"All  valuable.  They  are  characterized  throughout  by  sound 
principles,  an  elegant  diction,  a  benevolent  and  devout  spirit."— 
Dr.  E.  Wittiams's  C.  P. 

"  The  moral  writings  of  Mr.  Gisborne  are  well  known,  and  have 
been  long  highly  prized."— Orme's  Bibl,  Bib. 

675 


GIS 

Gisborne,  Thomas,  of  Yoxhall  Lodge,  Staffordshire. 

1.  Letter   to   Rev.  H.  Phillpots,  D.D.,   Lon.,   1827,  8vo. 

2.  Essays  on  Agriculture  :  I.  Cattle  and  Sheep.     II.  Agri 
cultural  Drainage.     III.  Ancient  Agricultural  Literature. 
IV.  High  Farming.    Lon.,  1853,  p.  Svo.    These  essays  ap 
peared  originally  in  the  Lon.  Quar.  Rev. 

«  These  essays  are  very  creditable,  and  show  the  author  to  have 
taken  much  more  than  an  amateur  view  of  the  subjects,  and  to 
have  gathered  a  knowledge  very  far  beyond  the  station  of  life 

•which  he  occupied The  subjects  are  well  understood  and  very 

sensibly  discussed."— Donaldson's  Agricutt.  Biog. 

Gisborne.  Wm.,  D.D.  Inquiry  into  the  Principles 
of  National  Order,  Ac.,  1798, 1800,  8vo.  Prefixed  are  two 
tracts  written  by  Edward,  Earl  of  Clarendon,  on  War  and 
Peace. 

Gittins,  or  Gittings,  Dan.  1.  Serm.,  1744,  8vo. 
2.  Serm.,  Lon.,  1755,  8vo.  3.  Remarks  on  the  Tenets  and 
Principles  of  the  Quakers  as  contained  in  the  Theses  Theo- 
Jogicse  of  Robert  Barclay,  1758,  8vo. 

Gladstone,  J.  Letter  to  the  Earl  of  Clancarty  on 
the  Importation  of  Wool  from  the  U.  States,  Lon.,  1814. 

Gladstone,  Rt.  Hon.  Wm.  K  wart,  b.  at  Liverpool, 
Dec.  29,  1809,  the  youngest  son  of  Sir  John  Gladstone, 
was  educated  at  Eton  and  Christ  Church,  Oxf. ;  entered 
Parliament  as  member  for  Newark,  1832;  represented 
Oxford  University  since  1847;  Chancellor  of  the  Exche 
quer,  1851.  Mr.  G.  has  also  held  several  other  important 
public  stations.  1.  The  State  in  its  Relations  with  the 
Church,  Lon.,  1838,  8vo;  4th  ed.,  1841,  2  vols. 

"  If  Mr.  Gladstone  were  an  ordinary  character,  we  should  be  in 
clined  to  speak  strongly  of  the  singular  vigour,  depth  of  thought, 
and  eloquence,  which  he  has  displayed  in  his  essay.  But  he  is 
evidently  not  an  ordinary  character ;  though  it  is  to  be  hoped  that 
many  others  are  now  forming  themselves  in  the  same  school  with 
him  to  act  hereafter  on  the  same  principles." — Lon.  Quar.  Rev., 
Ixv.  97-153. 

"  We  certainly  cannot  wish  that  Mr.  Gladstone's  doctrines  may 
become  fashionable  with  public  men.  But  we  heartily  wish  that 
his  laudable  desire  to  penetrate  beneath  the  surface  of  questions, 
and  to  arrive,  by  long  and  intense  meditation,  at  the  knowledge 
of  great  general  laws,  were  much  more  fashionable  than  we  at  all 
expect  it  to  become."— T.  B.  MACAULAY  :  Edin.  Rev.,  Ixix.  231-280, 
Also  see  Brit.  Critic,  xxvi.  355. 

2.  Church  Principles  considered  in  their  Results,  1840, 
12mo. 

Of  the  two  preceding  works  Mr.  Bickersteth  remarks: 
"  Useful  thoughts,  but  with  Tractarian  tendencies." — Cfiristian 
Student. 

3.  Inaugural  Address  at  the  Collegiate  Institution,  Liver 
pool,  1843,  8vo.     4.  Remarks  on  Recent  Commercial  Legis 
lation,  1845,  8vo.     5.  Manual  of  Family  Prayers  from  the 
Liturgy,  1845, 12mo.     6.  Two  Letters  to  the  Earl  of  Aber 
deen  on  the  state  prosecutions  of  the  Neapolitan  Govern 
ment,  llth  ed.,  1851,  12mo,  pp.  48.     7.  An  Examination 
of  the  Official  Reply  of  the  Neapolitan  Government,  1852 
8vo,  pp.  52.     Copies  of  Mr.  Gladstone's  celebrated  Letters 
— a  protest  against  the  cruelties  of  the  Government  of 
Naples,  founded  upon  the  writer's  personal  visits  to  the 
prisons,  Ac.  of  that  country — have  been  sent  by  the  British 
Government  to  the  court  of  every  European  state.     Those 
who  have  been  interested  in  Mr.  Gladstone's  correspondent 

Xn  ecclesiastical  matters  with  the  Chevalier  Bun  sen 
uld  read  the  work  of  the  latter,  entitled  Constitution 
of  the  Church  of  the  Future :  a  Practical  Explanation  o 
the  Corresp.  with  the  Rt.  Hon.  Wm.  E.  Gladstone  on  th 
German  Church,  Episcopacy,  and  Jerusalem.  With  i 
Preface,  Notes,  and  the  Complete  Correspondence  Trans, 
1847,  p.  8vo.  See  COTTRELL,  C.  H. 

"  A  volume  which  is  destined  to  produce  a  very  strong  sensatio 
in  the  religious  world.  The  King  of  Prussia  has  just  given  hi 
kingdom  an  important  constitutional  change ;  but  it  can  bear  n 
comparison  with  the  more  extensive  and  momentous  views  ente 
tained  by  his  Minister  in  regard  to  the  Church  and  the  future  o 
Christianity."— ion.  Lit.  Gaz.  See  MURE,  COL.  WILLIAM,  M.P. 

Gladwin,  Francis.     Ayeen  Akery ;  or,  the  Institute 
of  the  Emperor  Akbar.      From  the  Persian,  Lon.,  1777 
4to ;  Calcut.,  1783-86,  3  vols.  4to.     Best  ed.     Reprinted 
Lon.,  1800,  2  vols.  4to.     See  Lowndes's  Bibl.  Man. 
"  A  description  of  the  whole  Indian  Empire." 
"Perhaps  no  book  in  the  Republic  of  Letters  contains  so  muc 
information  in  so  small  a  space."— CLARKE. 

Gladwin  also  pub.  a  Hist,  of  Hindostan,  Calcut.,  1781 
4to,  translations  from  the  Persian,  and  works  upon  th 
philology  of  this  language,  Ac.,  1788-1800. 

Glandore,  Earl  of.    Speech,  Dubl.,  1799  8vo 
Glanius.    1.  Voy.  to  Bengala,  Lon.,  1682,  8vo.   2.  Ne 
Voy.  to  the  E.  Indies. 

Glanvil,  Bartholomew.    See  BAKTHOLOM^US  AN 

6LICUS. 

Glanvil,  Sir  John,  d.  1661,  King's  Sergeant,  an 
Speaker  of  Parliament,  a  son  of  John  Glanvil  of  Tavi 
tock.    Reports  of  Cases  of  Controverted  Elections      Pu 
676 


GLA 

y  John  Topham,  Lon.,  1775,  Svo.  This  volume  contains 
uch  valuable  information  on  the  troublesome  question  of 
introverted  elections.  See  Prince's  Worthies  of  Devon; 
then.  Oxon. ;  Lloyd's  Memoirs. 

Glanvil,  John,  1664-1735,  grandson  of  the  preceding, 
native  of  Broad  Hinton.  Poems,  Lon.,  1725,  Svo.  He 
lade  the  first  English  trans,  of  Fontenelle's  Plurality  of 
Vorlds. 

Glanvil,  or  Glanvill,  Joseph,  1636-1680,  a  native 
f  Plymouth,  entered  Exeter  Coll.,  Oxf.,  1652;  Rector  of 
he  Abbey-church,  Bath,  1666 ;  Preb.  of  Worcester,  1678. 
[e  was  a  man  of  learning  and  genius,  a  zealous  member 
f  the  Royal  Society,  a  warm  opponent  of  the  Aristoteleian 
hilosophy,  and  a  firm  believer  in  witchcraft.  He  pub.  a 
umber  of  serms.,  philosophical  treatises,  Ac.,  of  which  the 
ollowing  are  the  principal: — 1.  The  Vanity  of  Dogmatiz- 
ng,  Lon.,  1661,  Svo  and  12mo;  1662,  Svo.  With  addits., 
nd  entitled  Scepsis  Scientifica;  or,  Confest  Ignorance  the 
way  to  Science,  1665,  4to. 

"  The  whole  work  is  strongly  marked  with  the  features  of  an 
ute,  an  original,  and,  in  matters  of  science,  a  somewhat  sceptical 
enius;  and,  when  compared  with  the  treatise  on  witchcraft  [see 
Jos.  3  and  10]  by  the  same  author,  adds  another  proof  to  those 
Iready  mentioned  of  the  possible  union  of  the  highest  intellectual 
ifts  with  the  most  degrading  intellectual  weakness." — DUGALD 
TEWART  :  Prelim.  Dissert,  to  Encyc.  Brit. 

Could  Glanvil  read  this  complimentary  reflection,  doubt- 
ess  he  would  have  considered  that  it  "added  another  proof 
o  those  already  mentioned"  of  the  Vanity  of  Dogmatizing. 
2.  Lux  Orientalis,  Lon.,  1662,  Svo.  With  Annot.  by  Dr. 
H.  More,  1682,  Svo.  3.  Blow  at  Modern  Sadducism;  on 
Pitches  and  Witchcraft,  Ac.,  1666,  4to;  1667,  fol.;  1688, 
Svo.  4.  Plus  ultra;  or,  the  Progress  of  Knowl.  since  Aris- 
otle,  1668,  Svo. 

"  The  scarcest  and  most  estimable  of  his  works." — GRANGER. 
5,  6.  Two  tracts  ags.  H.  Stubbe,  1671,  8vo.     7.  Philoso- 
ihia  Pia,  1671,  Svo.     8.  Essays,  1676,  4to.     9.  Essay  on 
Preaching,  1678,  Svo;  1703,  12mo. 
"  A  plain  and  sensible  treatise." — Lowndes's  Brit.  Lib. 
10.    Sadducismus   Triumphans;    or,  A   full   and   plain 
Evidence  cone.  Witches  and  Apparitions;  with  some  Aect. 
of  the  Author's  Life  and  Writings,  by  Dr.  Henry  More, 
1681,  Svo.    With  addits.,  1682,  1726,  Svo.    See  an  interest- 
ng  essay  on  witchcraft,  prefaced  with  a  catalogue  of  works 
upon  the  subject,  in  the  Lon.  Retrosp.  Review,  v.  86-136, 
1822.     11.  Some  Discourses,  Serms.,  and  Remains.     Pub. 
by  Dr.  Henry  Horneck,  1681,  4to. 

"  The  Author  of  these  discourses,  as  his  wit  lay  out  of  the  com 
mon  road,  so  this  genuine  offspring  of  his  fertile  brain  soars  above 
the  common  level  of  ecclesiastical  orations." — DR.  HORNECK. 

"He  was  a  person  of  more  than  ordinary  parts,  of  a  quick,  warm, 
spruce,  and  gay  fancy,  and  was  more  lucky,  at  least  in  his  own 
judgment,  in  his  first  hints  and  thoughts  of  things,  than  in  his 
after-notions,  examined  and  digested  by  longer  and  more  mature 
deliberation." — Athen.  Otfon. 

See  Athen.  Oxon.;  Biog.  Brit.;  Prince's  Worthies  of 
Devon. 

Glanvil,  Glanvill,  or  Glanville,  Ranulph  de, 
Chief-Justiciary  of  all  England,  accompanied  King  Richard 
in  the  Crusades,  and  fell  at  the  siege  of  Acre,  at  an  ad 
vanced  age.  The  following  work  is  generally  ascribed  to 
him: — Tractatus  de  Legibus  consuetudinibus  Regni  An- 
glise,  tempore  Regis  Henrici  Secundi,  Lon.,  1554,  '57?  '80, 
1604,  '73,  12mo.  Best  ed.  by  John  Wilmot,  1780,  12mo. 
Trans,  into  English  by  John  Beames,  1812,  Svo.  This 
trans.,  the  only  one  in  English,  is  accurate,  and  the  text  is 
enriched  with  learned  notes.  It  is  by  no  means  certain 
that  this  work  was  written  by  Glanvil.  It  has  been  as 
cribed  to  E.  de  Narbrough,  and  also  to  King  Henry  II. 
It  resembles  so  closely  the  Regiam  Majestatem,  that  no 
doubt  one  was  copied  from  the  other;  and  it  seems  most 
probable  that  the  De  Legibus  is  the  elder  work. 

"  But  as  on  the  one  side.  I  dare  not  be  confident  that  it  is  Glan- 
vill's,  so  I  make  little  question  that  it  is  as  antient  as  his  time,  if 
not  his  work." — JOHN  SELDEN. 

Glanvil  is  relied  upon  as  authority  by  Coke,  Spelman, 
Selden,  Hale,  Blackstone,  Ac. 

"Whom  I  cite  many  times  in  these  Reports  for  the  fruit  which 
I  confess  myself  to  have  reaped  out  of  the  fair  fields  of  his  labours." 
— LORD  COKE. 

Reeves  incorporated  the  principal  part  of  Glanvil's  Trac 
tatus  in  his  Hist,  of  the  Common  Law. 

An  eminent  authority,  well  known  for  his  partiality 
to  old  English  law-writers,  several  of  whom  he  had  re 
printed  with  his  own  annotations,  thus  compares  Glanvil 
and  Littleton: 

"  Voici  1' opinion  que  j'ai  concue  du  recueil  de  Glanville.  II  in- 
dique  la  methode  la  plus  sure  pour  faire  executer  la  loi;  et  Little 
ton  nous  instruit  des  causes  et  du  but  de  cette  methode.  Celui-ci 
propose  toutes  les  maximes;  et  la  compilation  de  Glanville  coin- 
prend  toutes  les  Procedures  propres  a  mettre  ces  maximes  eu 


GLA 


GLE 


action.  Ces  deux  ouvrages  rSunis  suffisent  pour  instruire  a  fond 
des  coutumes  et  de  1'ordre  judicaire  observes  chez  les  anciens  Nor- 
mands." — M.  HOUARD. 

See  the  above  authorities  cited,  and  others  referred  to, 
in  Marvin's  Leg.  Bibl.  The  Mirror  declares  that  Glanvil 
was  the  inventor  of  the  famous  writ  of  Assize  or  De  Novel 
Disseisin ;  but  other  authorities  affirm  this  to  be  more  an 
cient.  Of  the  works  referred  to  above,  Bishop  Nicolson's 
Eng.  Hist.  Lib.  must  be  specially  consulted. 

Glaiiville,  John,  Articuli  Fidei  Ecclesise  Anglicange, 
carmine  expressi,  Oxon.,  1613,  4to. 

Glapthorn,  or  Glapthorne,  Henry,  a  dramatic 
author  temp.  Charles  I.  1.  Albertus  Wallenstein,  Tr.,  Lon., 
1634,  4to.  2.  Argalus  and  Parthenia,  Tr.  Com.,  1639,  4to. 
3.  The  Ladies'  Privilege,  1640,  4to.  4.  The  Hollander,  C., 
1640  4to.  5.  Wit  in  a  Constable,  1640,  4to.  6.  The  Para- 
side,  N.  P.  7.  The  Vestal,  N.  P.  8.  The  Noble  Tryal,  Tr. 
C.,  N.  P.  9.  The  Dutchess  of  Fernandina,  Tr.,  N.  P. 
10.  Poems,  to  Lucinda,  Ac.,  1639,  4to. 

"  Plays  which  I  presume  in  those  days  past  with  good  Approba 
tion  at  the  Globe  and  Cock-pit  Playhouses;  tho'  I  cannot  agree 
with  Mr.  Winstanley,  [English  Poets,  page  115,]  That  he  was  one  of 
the  chiefest  Dramatic  Poets  of  this  Age." — Langlxiine's  Dram.  Poets. 

"  Though  his  plays  are  now  entirely  laid  aside,  yet,  at  the  time 
they  were  written,  they  met  with  considerable  approbation  and 
success." — Biog.  Dramat. 

"  Glapthorne  is  certainly  a  better  writer  than  a  dramatist,  more 
eloquent  than  impassioned,  more  poetical  than  pathetic,  infinitely 
better  qualified  to  describe  than  to  feel,  and  to  describe  outward 
and  visible  things,  than 

" '  To  paint  the  finest  features  of  the  mind ; 
And  to  most  subtle  and  mysterious  things 
Give  colour,  strength,  and  motion.' " 

Lon.  Retrosp.  Rev.,  x.  122-160,  1824. 

Glas,  Adam.     Serm.,  1712,  8vo. 

Glas,  or  Glass,  George.  Hist,  of  the  Canary  Is 
lands;  from  the  Spanish,  Lon.,  1764,  4to.  Also  in  Pinker- 
ton's  Collec.  of  Voy.  and  Trav.,  vol.  xvi. 

"  The  affinity  of  the  Aborigines  of  these  Islands  to  the  American 
Tribes  is  one  of  the  most  interesting  questions  of  ethnological 
science." 

Glas,  or  Glass,  John,  1635-1773,  a  Scotch  divine, 
a  native  of  Dundee,  was  the  founder  of  the  Glassites, 
afterwards  called,  from  his  son-in-law,  Robert  Sandeman, 
Sandemanians.  See  an  account  of  their  tenets,  in  Wil 
son's  Hist,  of  Dissent  Churches ;  Encyc.  Brit. ;  and  their 
own  exposition,  pub.  in  1766.  1.  The  Testimony  of  the 
King  of  Martyrs,  1727.  New  ed.  See  FERRIER,  ROBERT. 

"Mr.  Glas  was  a  minister  of  the  Established  Church  in  Scotland; 
but,  for  maintaining  that  the  kingdom  of  Christ  is  not  of  this  world, 
was  expelled  by  a  Synod.  His  sentiments  are  explained  in  his 
Testimony  of  the  King  of  Martyrs,  first  published  in  1729."— 
Evans's  Sketch. 

"  His  tract,  The  Testimony  of  the  King  of  Martyrs,  though  its 
leading  argument  may  be  disputed  by  many,  contains  some  beau 
tiful  illustrations  of  the  Bible."—  Orme's  Bill.  Bib. 

2.  Works,  Edin.,1762, 4  vols.  8vo ;  Perth,  1782, 5  vols.  8vo. 

"These  works  are  chiefly  controversial;  but  they  contain  fre 
quent  critical  discussions  of  the  meaning  of  Scripture  which  are 
worthy  of  attention.  .  . .  The  volume  of  Notes  on  Scripture  texts 
shows  that  he  possessed  no  inconsiderable  portion  of  learning  and 
critical  sagacity.  Glas's  works  also  contain,  what  I  do  not  know 
is  to  be  found  elsewhere,  an  English  translation  of  the  Discourse 
of  Celsus." — Ormf's  Bibl.  Bib. 

Glas,  or  Glass,  John,  1725-1765,  a  surgeon,  and 
afterwards  ship-master,  son  of  the  preceding,  was  mur 
dered,  with  his  family,  by  part  of  the  crew  of  a  vessel,  in 
which  he  was  sailing  from  the  Brazils  to  London.  A  De 
scription  of  Teneriffe ;  with  the  Manners  and  Customs  of 
the  Portuguese  who  are  settled  there. 

Glascock,  Capt.  W.  N.,  R.  N.  1.  Tales  of  a  Tar, 
Lon.,  p.  8vo.  2.  Naval  Service,  2  vols.  p.  8vo.  3.  Naval 
Sketch-Book,  1826,  2  vols.  p.  8vo. 

"  By  far  the  greater  part  of  these  volumes  must  be  utterly  unin 
telligible  to  all  but  naval  men :  to  them  it  will  afford  a  considerable 
treat;  and  as  we  were  at  sea  ourselves,  long  ago,  in  our  youth,  we 
also  can  taste  its  humour  perfectly.  .  . .  Every  word  smells  of  pitch 
and  tar;  and  really  some  parts  of  it  are  so  well  done,  that,  like 
the  Panorama  of  Leith  Roads,  they  are  apt  to  make  one  a  little 
qualmish." — Lon.  Monthly  Rev.,  cix.  200-212. 

4.  Naval  Sketch-Book,  2d  Series,  2  vols.  p.  8vo.  5.  Sailors 
and  Saints,  1829,  3  vols.  p.  Svo:  1831.  6.  Land  Sharks 
and  Sea  Gulls,  new  ed.,  1838,  3  vols.  p.  Svo.  7.  Naval 
Officer's  Manual,  2d  ed.,  1848,  p.  Svo.  New  ed.,  1854. 

Glascocke,  T.     Serm.,  1702,  4to. 

Glascott,  Cradock.    Fast  Serm.,  Lon.,  1777,  Svo. 

Glasier,  Hugh.     Serm.  at  Paules  Crosse,  1555. 

Glass,  Francis,  educated  in  Philadelphia,  taught 
school  for  some  time  in  the  interior  of  Pennsylvania,  and 
in  1817  or  '18  removed  to  Miami  county,  Ohio,  where  he 
performed  the  duties  of  a  schoolmaster  in  different  localities. 
An  account  of  Mr.  Glass  will  be  found  in  Mr.  Reynolds's 
preface  to  the  following  work  by  the  former : 

Georgii  Washingtonii,  Americae  Septentrionalis  Civita- 
tum  Faederatarum  Prsesidis  primi,  Vita,  Francisco  Glass, 


A.M.  Ohioensi,  Literis  Latinis  conscripta.  Neo-Eboraco- 
poli,  1835, 12mo.  Typis  Fratrum  Harperorum.  A  review 
of  this  work,  by  J.  L.  Kingsley,  appeared  in  the  N.  Amer. 
Rev.,  xliii.  37-42.  This  elicited  some  animadversions  in 
the  Knickerbocker  Mag.,  viii.  473,  which  were  replied  to 
by  Mr.  K.  in  the  N.  Amer.  Rev.,  xliv.  270-272.  A  notice 
of  Glass's  work  will  also  be  found  in  the  South.  Lit.  Mess., 
ii.  52.  Mr.  Kingsley  admits  that  Glass 

"  Is  often  happy  in  the  choice  of  words  and  phrases,  and  pas 
sages  occur  of  terseness  and  strength ;  nor  does  the  author  seem 
to  have  been  wanting  in  any  thing  to  make  this  work  a  worthy 
companion  of  the  modern  histories  in  the  same  language  but  a 
freer  access  to  books  and  the  advantages  of  a  more  correct  and 
thorough  criticism." 

But  he  thinks  it  his  duty  to  add : 

"  We  doubt,  however,  whether  this  Life  of  Washington  can  be 
used  to  advantage  in  schools ;  certainly  not  without  constant  at 
tention  on  the  part  of  the  instructor  to  point  out  its  errors  and 
defects."— JV.  Amer.  Rev.,  xliii.  43. 

The  fairest  advice  which  we  can  offer  to  the  intelligent 
reader  is  that  he  should  read  the  articles  pro  and  con.  and 
then  examine  the  work  for  himself. 

Glass,  G.  H.     See  GLASSE. 

Glass,  H.     Servant's  Directory,  Lon.,  1760,  Svo. 

Glass,  Samuel.     Dropsy:  Phil.  Trans.,  1746. 

Glass,  Thomas,  M.D.     Med.  treatises,  1742-75. 

Glasse,  Capt.     Hints  for  Officers,  1812,  Svo. 

Glasse,  Dr.  Magistrate's  Assist.,1784,  &c.;  4th  ed., *.  a. 

Glasse,  Henry  George,  d.  1809;  presented  to  the 
living  of  Hanwell,  Middlesex,  1785.  He  trans.  Mason's 
Caractacus,  1781,  '83,  and  Milton's  Samson  Agonistes, 
1788,  into  Greek  verse;  pub.  Contemplations  from  the 
Sacred  History,  altered  from  the  Works  of  Bishop  Hall, 
1793,  4  vols.  12mo;  and  Serms.  Ac.,  1787-1805. 

Glasse,  John.     Poems,  Lon.,  1763,  4to. 

Glasse,  Samuel,  D.D.,  Rector  of  Wanstead,  Essex, 
pub.  a  number  of  occasional  serms.,  1773-1803  ;  an  Expos, 
of  the  10  Commandments,  1801,  12mo;  Six  Lects.  on  the 
Ch.  Catechism,  1801,  12mo;  and  Lectures  on  the  Holy 
Festivals,  2d  ed.,  1802,  Svo. 

"These  most  excellent  sermons  on  the  Festivals  convey  very 
sound  and  pleasing  instruction,  and  in  every  instance  give  you 
the  most  authentic  account  of  the  person  who  is  the  subject  of  the 
day's  celebration." — British  Critic. 

Glassford,  James,  of  Dougalston,  Advocate.  1.  Scot. 
Courts  of  Law,  Edin.,  1812,  Svo.  2.  Evidence,  1820,  Svo. 
3.  Enigmas,  Ac.,  12mo.  4.  Three  Tours  in  Ireland,  1824- 
26,  12mo.  5.  Trans,  of  Lord  Bacon's  Latin  Pieces,  18mo. 
6.  Covetousness  brought  to  the  Bar  of  Scripture,  1837,  p.8vo. 

"The  subject  is  placed  before  us  in  so  strong  and  impressive  an 
aspect,  and  yet  so  entirely  freed  from  all  exaggeration  of  state 
ment,  that  we  sincerely  hope  the  treatise  will  meet  with  that  ex 
tensive  circulation  which  the  excellent  talents  and  Christian 
worth  of  the  author  so  eminently  deserve." — Edin.  Presb.  Review. 

7.  Metrical  Versions  and  Illus.  of  Scripture.  8.  Popular 
Education  with  ref.  to  Ireland,  1838,  12mo.  9.  Lyrical 
Compositions  from  the  Italian  Poets,  with  translations, 
1846,  12mo.  The  2d  ed.  is  greatly  enlarged.  The  former 
edition  was  thus  noticed  in  the  Edinburgh  Review: 

"We  have  been  greatly  pleased  with  this  little  volume,  as  much 
from  its  general  character,  as  from  the  grace  and  polish  of  its  exe 
cution.  It  is  evidently  the  production  of  one  possessing  a  quick 
natural  sensibility  to  natural  beauty,  improved  by  art  and  study, 
and  no  inattentive  observer  of  the  poetry  of  our  times." 

Glazebrook,  James,  1744-1803,  a  native  of  Ma- 
deley,  Shropshire,  Vicar  of  Belton,  Leicestershire,  and 
minister  of  St.  James's,  Latchford,  Warrington.  Serms. 
and  Life,  Warring.,  1805,  Svo. 

Glazier, Wm.  Belcher,  b.  1827,  at  Hallowell,  Maine. 
Poems,  Hallowell,  1853,  12mo.  Mr.  G.  has  contributed  to 
several  periodicals. 

Gleig,  Rt.  Rev.  George,  LL.D.,  one  of  the  Bishops 
of  the  Episcopal  Church  of  Scotland;  coadjutor  to  the 
Bishop  of  Brechin,  1808 ;  preferred  to  the  sole  charge, 
1810;  Primus,  1816.  1.  Supp.  to  the  3d  ed.  of  Encyc. 
Brit.,  Edin.,  1801,  2  vols.  4to.  2.  Occasional  Serms., 
1803,  Svo.  3.  A  Charge,  1809,  4to.  4.  Two  Serms.,  Lon., 
1814,  Svo.  5.  Stackhouse's  Hist,  of  the  Bible,  corrected 
and  improved,  1817,  3  vols.  4to. 

K  With  important  corrections,  and  several  valuable  dissertations, 
which  tended  greatly  to  increase  its  utility."— Home's  Bibl.  Bib. 

See  STACKHOUSE,  THOMAS. 

6.  Directions  for  the  study  of  Theology,  in  a  series  of 
Letters  from  a  Bishop  to  his  son  on  his  admission  to  holy 
orders,  1827,  Svo. 

"A  learned  and  sensible  guide,  which  appears  to  divide  itself 
into  three  parts :  1.  Of  Natural  Religion ;  2.  Of  the  Foundation  of 
Morals,  viewed  in  reference  both  to  their  object  and  their  author 
ity  ;  and  3.  Of  the  Doctrines  which  are  peculiar  to  Christianity."— 
Lownde.s's  Brit.  Lib. 

.  Bishop  Gleig  contributed  a  number  of  articles  to  the 
Anti-Jacobin  Review  and  to  the  British  Critic. 

677 


GLE 

Gleig,  George  Robert,  born  in  1795,  a  son  of  the 
preceding,  is  one  of  the  most  voluminous  writers  of  the 
day.  He  was  educated  at  Oxford,  which  he  left  to  join 
the  army,  then  marching  through  the  city  for  Lisbon; 
served  in  the  Peninsula,  (see  the  Subaltern,)  and  subse 
quently  in  the  campaign  of  Washington,  where  he  was 
severely  wounded  ;  took  holy  orders  j  presented  to  the  living 
of  Ivy  Church,  Kent,  1822  j  Chaplain  of  Chelsea  Hospital, 
1844;  Chaplain-General  to  the  Forces,  1846;  devised  a 
scheme  for  the  education  of  soldiers,  and  appointed  In 
spector-General  of  Military  Schools.  1.  The  Subaltern, 
1825,  12mo.  2.  Allan  Breck,  3  vols.  p.  8vo.  3.  Chelsea 
Pensioners,  1829,  '40,  3  vols.  p.  8vo;  also  in  1  vol.  12mo. 
4.  Serms.,  Doct.  and  Pract.,  1830,  12mo.  5.  Hist,  of  the 
Bible,  1830,  '31,  2  vols.  p.  8vo.  6.  Brit.  Milt.  Commanders, 
1831  '32  3  vols.  fp.  8vo.  7.  Hist,  of  Brit.  India,  1831-33, 
'48,  4  vols.  18mo.  8.  Country  Curate,  1834,  '49,  2  vols.  p. 
8vo;  also  in  1  vol.  12mo.  9.  Soldier's  Help  to  Divine 
Truth,  1835,  12mo.  10.  Chronicles  of  Waltham,  1835,  3 
vols  p  8vo.  11.  Guide  to  the  Lord's  Supper,  1835, 12mo. 
12.  Family  Hist,  of  Eng.,  1836,  '54,  3  vols.  12mo.  13.  The 
Hussar,  1837,  2  vols.  p.  8vo ;  also  in  1  vol.  12mo.  14.  Tra 
ditions  of  Chelsea  College,  1838,  '48,  3  vols.  p.  8vo ;  also 
in  1  vol.  12mo.  15.  Visit  in  1837  to  Germany,  Bohemia, 
and  Hungary,  1839, 3  vols.  p.  8vo.  16.  The  Only  Daughter, 
1839,  3  vols.  p.  8vo.  17.  Life  of  Sir  Thos.  Munro,  3  vols.  8vo, 

2  vols.  8vo,  and  new  ed.,  1849,  1  vol.  p.  8vo.     18.  Hist, 
of  Eng.  for  Schools,  3d  ed.,  1850,  12mo.     19.  Veterans  of 
Chelsea  Hospital,  1841,  3  vols.  p.  8vo.    20.  Things,  Old 
and  New,  r.  8vo.     21.  Memoirs  of  Warren  Hastings,  1841, 

3  vols.  p.  8vo.     22.  Serms.  for  Advent,  Christmas,  and  the 
Epiphany,  1844, 12mo.     23.  The  Light  Dragoon,  1844,  '48, 
'50,  '54,  2  vols.  p.  8vo;  also  in  1  vol.  12mo.     24.  Milt. 
Hist,  of  G.  Brit,  1845,  12mo.     25.  Sale's  Brigade  in  Af 
ghanistan,  1846,  p.  8vo.     26.  Campaigns  of  the  Brit.  Army 
at  Washington  and  N.  Orleans,  1814-15,  1847,  p.  8vo. 

27.  Story  of  the  Battle  of  Waterloo,  1847,  p.  8vo.     The 
reader  should  also  peruse  the  Story  of  the  Peninsular  War. 

28.  Life  of  Lord  Clive,  1848,  12mo.    29.  School  Series, 
1850,  Ac.,  in  18  vols.     This  series,  composed  of  works  by 
Mr.  Gleig   and   other  writers,  comprises   many  valuable 
contributions  to  the   interests  of  education.     It  is  still 
(1854)  in  course  of  publication  by  Longman.     30.  Leipsic 
Campaign,  1852,  12mo.     It  is  unnecessary,  after  such  a 
long  catalogue  of  works,  following  each  other  in  rapid 
succession,  to  say  that  Mr.  Gleig  is  a  very  popular  writer. 
Without  entering  into   any  detailed  examination  of  his 
merits  or  demerits,  we  cannot  avoid  entering  a  protest 
against  his  zealous  advocacy  of  one  of  the  most  unscru 
pulous,  cruel,  and  remorseless  wretches  who  ever  disgraced 
humanity  in  general,  and  the  British  name  in  particular — 
Warren  Hastings.     Mr.  Gleig's  Life  of  Hastings  forms  a 
proper  companion  to  Abbott's  Life  of  Napoleon.     We  can 
say  nothing  more  condemnatory  of  both.     To  prove  that 
we  "  do  well  to  be  angry"  with  the  Chaplain-General's  re 
markable   production,  entitled  The  Memoirs  of  Warren 
Hastings,  we  shall  fortify  our  position  by  a  brief  extract 
from  an  eminent  critic,  who  adds  to  his  multifarious  eru 
dition  an  intimate  acquaintance  with  East  India  Affairs : 

"This  book  seems  to  have  been  manufactured  in  pursuance  of  a 
contract,  by  which  the  representatives  of  Warren  Hastings,  on  the 
one  part,  bound  themselves  to  furnish  papers,  and  Mr.  Gleig,  on 
the  other  part,  bound  himself  to  furnish  praise.    It  is  but  just  to 
say  that  the  covenants  on  both  sides  have  been  most  faithfully 
kept ;  and  the  result  is  before  us  in  the  form  of  three  big  bad  vo 
lumes,  full  of  undigested  correspondence  and  undiscerning  pane 
gyric.    If  it  were  worth  while  to  examine  this  performance  in 
detail,  we  could  easily  make  a  long  article,  by  merely  pointing  out 
inaccurate  statements,  inelegant  expressions,  and  immoral  doc 
trines.    But  it  would  be  idle  to  waste  criticism  on  a  bookmaker ; 
and,  whatever  credit  Mr.  Gleig  may  have  justly  earned  by  former 
works,  it  is  as  a  bookmaker,  and  nothing  more,  that  he  now  comes 
before  us.    More  eminent  men  than  Mr.  Gleig  have  written  nearly 
as  ill  as  he,  when  they  have  stooped  to  similar  drudgery.    It  would 
be  unjust  to  estimate  Goldsmith  by  the  History  of  Greece,  or  Scotl 
by  the  Life  of  Napoleon.    Mr.  Gleig  is  neither  a  Goldsmith  nor  a 
Scott;  but  it  would  be  unjust  to  deny  that  he  is  capable  of  some 
thing  better  than  these  memoirs.    It  would  also,  we  hope  and 
believe,  be  unjust  to  charge  any  Christian  minister  with  the  guilt 
of  deliberately  maintaining  some  propositions  which  we  find  in 
this  work.    It  is  not  too  much  to  Bay,  that  Mr.  Gleig  has  written 
several  passages,  which  bear  the  same  relation  to  the  Prince  of 
Machiavelli  that  the  Prince  of  Maehiavelli  bears  to  the  Whole  Duty 
of  Man,  and  which  would  excite  amazement  in  a  den  of  robbers 
or  on  board  of  a  schooner  of  pirates.   But  we  are  willing  to  attribute 
these  offences  to  haste,  to  thoughtlessness,  and  to  that  disease  of 
the  understanding  which  may  be  called  the  Furor  Biographicus 
and  which  is  to  writers  of  lives  what  the  goitre  is  to  an  Alpine 
shepherd,  or  dirt-eating  to  a  Negro  slave."— T.  B.  MACA.ULAY:  Win 
Rev.,  Oct.  1841 ;  and  in  his  Miscellanies,  under  the  title  of  Warren 


We  have  already  referred  to  Mr.  Gleig's  Memoir  in  ou 


GLI 

article  on  EDMUND  BURKE,  pp.  292,  293,  and  perhaps  in 
ther  parts  of  this  volume.  Mr.  Gleig's  sermons  have  been 
-ighly  commended.  Essays,  Biographical,  Historical,  and 
Miscellaneous,  contributed  chiefly  to  the  Edinburgh  and 
Quarterly  Reviews,  1858,  2  vols.  cr.  8vo.  A  notice  of  Mr. 
Gr.,  with  a  portrait,  will  be  found  in  Eraser's  Magazine,  x. 
82. 

Glemham,  Charles.     Prayers,  Lon.,  1569,  8vo. 

Glen,  A.     Assize  Serm.,  1781,  8vo. 

Glen,  John,  Minister  of  the  Chapel  in  Portobello.  A 
Treatise  on  the  Sabbath,  Edin.,  1822,  12mo. 

A  very  excellent  work  on  a  most  important  subject." — Chris. 
Recorder. 

"  This  is  a  history  of  the  institution  of  the  Sabbath,  and  of  the 
hange  as  to  the  time  of  its  being  kept.  It  is  written  with  becom- 
ng  earnestness,  and  in  its  historical  account  is  sufficiently  inte- 
esting." — Lon.  New  Monthly  Magazine,  No.  18. 

Glen,  John  King.     Poems,  Lon.,  1752,  8vo. 

Glen,  Wm.     Treat,  on  the  Bills  of  Exchange,  Pro 
missory  Notes,  and  Letters  of  Credit  in  Scotland,  Edin., 
807,  8vo ;  2d  ed.,  1824. 

"  The  references  in  the  first  edition  are  almost  wholly  to  Scotch 
decisions,  but  in  this  to  both  Scotch  and  English."— MARVIN. 

Glen,  Wm.  C.     Legal  publications,  Lon.,  1846-58. 

Glenbervie,  Lord.     See  DOUGLAS,  SYLVESTER. 

Glencairn,  Isabella.  A  Representation  of  the  Case 
>f  the  Countess  of  Glencairn,  1812. 

Glenie,  James,  1750-1817,  a  Scotch  mathematician, 
and  a  lieut.  in  the  artillery,  paid  much  attention  to  forti- 
ications,  and  pub.  The  Hist,  of  Gunnery,  Edin.,  1776,  and 
a  number  of  rnathemat.  and  other  works.  He  also  con- 
,ributed  mathemat.  <fcc.  papers  to  Phil.  Trans.,  1776,  '77, 
md  to  Trans.  Soc.,  Edin.,  1796,  1812,  '15. 

Glenorchy,  Willielma,  Viscountess,  1741-1786. 
3er  Life,  with  extracts  from  her  Diary  and  Corresp.,  by 
T.  S.  Jones,  D.D.,  minister  of  her  chapel,  Edinburgh,  Edin., 
1822,  8vo. 

Glenton,  Fred.    Widows,  &c.  of  Medical  Men,  1792. 

Gliddon,  George  R.,  d.  at  Panama,  Nov.  16,  1857, 
aged  50,  U.  S.  Consul  for  Cairo,  in  Egypt,  and  twenty-three 
years  a  resident  of  the  Valley  of  the  Nile,  was  a  son  of  the 
ate  John  Gliddon,  U.  S.  Consul  for  Egypt.  1.  Ancient 
Egypt :  her  Monuments,  Hieroglyphics,  History,  and  Ar 
chaeology,  and  other  Subjects  connected  with  Hieroglyphic 
Literature ;  12th  ed.,  Lon.  and  Phila.,  1850,  4to  ;  new  ed., 
Lon.,  1853,  imp.  8vo.  This  work  has  elicited  commenda 
tion  from  many  quarters.  18,000  copies  were  circulated  in 
America  in  less  than  three  years.  Mr.  Gliddon's  Lectures 
upon  the  subjects  discussed  in  this  work  have  been  attended 
9y  large  audiences  in  various  parts  of  the  United  States. 
A  notice  of  Gliddon's  Egypt,  by  Rev.  A.  B.  Chapin,  will  be 
found  in  the  Amer.  Bib.  Rep.,  2d  S.,  x.  134.  2.  Appeal  to 
the  Antiquaries  of  Europe  on  the  Destruction  of  the  Mo 
numents  of  Egypt,  1841,  8vo. 

"  Mr.Gliddon,  in  this  cleverly-written  publication, brings  forward 
matter  of  very  great  importance  to  all  who  admire  antiquity,  or 
who  are  interested  in  history.  He  appeals  to  the  Antiquaries  of 
Europe  on  behalf  of  the  Monuments  of  Egypt.  If  they  do  not 
step  forward  for  the  preservation  of  Egyptian  Monuments,  in  a 
very  few  years  travellers  may  save  themselves  the  trouble  of  a 
journey  beyond  the  precincts  of  the  British  and  Continental  Mu 
seums.  We  heartily  recommend  his  work  to  the  public." — Lon. 
City  Chronicle. 

3.  Discourses  on  Egyptian  Archaeology,  Lon.,  8vo. 
4.  A  Memoir  on  the  Cotton  of  Egypt,  1841,  8vo. 

"This  Memoir  was  drawn  up  at  the  suggestion  of  the  Hon.  Levi 
Woodbury,  late  Secretary  to  the  Treasury  of  the  United  States,  at 
Cairo.  Here  are,  in  a  very  few  pages,  a  complete  treatise  on  the 
History  and  Manufecture  of  Cotton  in  Egypt,  and  of  the  dreadful 
system  under  which  the  wretched  Fellah  is  compelled  to  produce 
it.  They  who  feel  alarmed  at  the  apparition  of  a  blue-book,  and 
its  crowded  folio  of  details,  will  find  a  useful  analysis,  as  well  as 
an  original  essay  of  great  value,  in  Mr.  Gliddon's  Memoir." — Lon. 
Atlas. 

5.  Otia  Egyptiaca,  1849,  8vo.  Mr.  Gliddon  also  trans. 
Henry  Venel's  Chronos,  and  pub.,  Phila.,  1854,  4to,  in  con 
junction  with  J.  C.  Nott,  M.D.,  of  Mobile,  The  Types  of 
Mankind;  or,  Ethnological  Researches,  Ac.,  consisting  in 
part  of  inedited  papers  of  Saml.  George  Morton,  M.D., 
and  contributions  from  Prof.  L.  Agassiz,  LL.D.,  W.  Usher, 
M.D.,  and  Prof.  H.  S.  Patterson,  M.D.  The  remainder  of 
the  work  is  by  Dr.  Nott  and  Mr.  Gliddon. 

"Whether  this  monument  will  turn  out  to  be  'sere  perennius,' 
or  whether  it  will  crumble  to  pieces  under  the  somewhat  severe 
weathering  which  it  will  most  assuredly  receive  from  European 
Ethnologists,  is  more  than  we  will  venture  to  prophesy.  In  any 
case,  the  Types  of  Mankind  appears  to  us  to  be  by  far  the  most 
elaborate  efiicient  brief  which  has  yet  been  drawn  up  for  the  use 
of  those  who  plead  on  the  side  of  the  original  diversity  of  human 

races.    Its  writers  are,  at  any  rate,  thorough-paced,  and  shrink 
before  none  of  the  consequences  of  their  own  logic." — Westminster 

Review,  July,  1854, 131-134. 
A  Notice  of  the  Types  of  Mankind,  by  John  Bachman, 


GLO 


D.D.,  of  Charleston,  S.  C.,  was  pub.  in  that  city,  in  1854- 
55;  and  the  work  has  been  reviewed  in  several  other 
quarters. 

"  It  [Dr.  Bachman's  Notice]  is  in  tone  dignified,  gentlemanly, 
and  at  the  same  time  excoriating.  .  .  .  The  shallowness  and  posi 
tive  ignorance  of  Nott,  and  the  empty  pretence  of  Gliddon,  are 
shown  up,  and  these  men  are  left  without  much  to  boast  of. 
Agassiz  does  not,  with  his  hasty  and  crude  conclusions,  figure  to 
much  advantage,  and  we  are  sorry  to  say,  that  by  an  inevitable 
necessity,  the  reputation  of  Morton  is  damaged.  .  .  .  Where  are 
the 'Types  of  Mankind' now?  Sinking  lower  and  lower.  .  .  .  The 
Presbyterian  Quarterly  Review  for  September  [1854]  contains  an 
able  and  searching  review  of  the  '  Types  of  Mankind,'  recently 
ushered  to  the  world  by  Messrs.  Gliddon  and  Nott.  It  is  at  once 
instructive  and  amusing  to  see  these  gentlemen  under  the  dis- 
secting-knife  of  a  scholar,  who  not  only  exposes  the  malignity  of 
their  shallow  science,  but  their  utter  unfitness  in  point  of  scholar 
ship  to  dabble  in  the  original  languages  of  the  Scriptures.  Mr. 
Gliddon,  especially,  pretends  to  a  critical  acquaintance  with  the 
Hebrew  text,  and  his  pretension  might  have  passed  current  had 
he  not  ventured  on  proofs  of  his  critical  acumen;  but  alas  for 
him !  he  has  written  a  book  which  has  enabled  his  learned  readers 
to  detect  his  miserable  shallowness.  .  .  .  Our  own  estimate  of  the 
'  Types  of  Mankind'  has  already  been  laid  before  our  readers.  A 
further  examination  of  the  book  has  only  tended  to  confirm  our 
first  impressions.  As  a  work  of  science  it  is  worthless ;  full  of  pre 
tension,  and  yet  full  of  ignorance  and  contradiction." — LYMAN 
COLEMAN,  D.D. :  Phila.  Presbyterian. 

'•'It  did  not  take  long  to  satisfy  ourselves  that  Mr.  Gliddon's 
exposition  of  Genesis  xi.,  being  a  compilation  without  complete 
ness,  arrangement,  or  any  philosophical  method  whatever,  has  no 
claim  to  be  regarded  as  a  literary  work  It  is  not  to  our  taste  or 
inclination  to  rest  content  with  condemning  Mr.  Gliddon's  lucu 
brations  in  general  terms.  To  express  our  sense  of  their  character, 
we  can  find  no  epithets  which  have  not  lost  their  force  from  his 
profuse  misapplication  of  them.  Our  duty  requires  us  to  enter 
into  particulars  to  refute  his  arguments,  if  such  his  assertions 
may  be  called,  from  A  to  Z,  as  he  is  mistaken  all  through.  It  is 
a  humiliating  task,  to  be  sure,  to  refute  a  work,  which,  to  every 
Hebraist,  carries  its  own  refutation  on  the  face  of  every  page." — 
Boston  Chris.  Examiner. 

Rt.  Rev.  Dr.  Alonzo  Potter,  Bishop  of  the  Episcopal 
Church  in  the  diocese  of  Pennsylvania,  remarks,  with  re 
ference  to  the  flippant  sneers  which  some  controversialists 
obtrude  into  discussions  upon  the  truth  of  the  Scriptures : 

"  We  must  confess,  however,  that  we  have  never,  in  the  whole 
extent  of  our  reading,  met  any  thing  which,  in  this  respect,  is  so 
offensive  to  good  taste  and  to  the  first  principles  of  Inductive 
Philosophy,  as  the  elaborate  work  recently  given  to  the  world 
under  the  title  of  Types  of  Mankind.  Written  under  the  influ 
ence  of  avowed  prejudices  against  certain  races  of  men,  and  de 
scending  to  the  use  of  caricature  in  order  to  bring  them  into  dis 
repute,  it  stops  at  hardly  any  thing  which  can  cast  reproach  on 
Scripture.  No  jests  are  too  coarse,  no  revilings  too  bitter  or  con 
temptuous,  no  special  pleading  too  perverse.  It  is  mournful  to 
find  that  such  names  as  those  of  Morton  and  Agassiz  are  destined 
to  go  down  to  posterity  associated  with  such  unseemly  exhi 
bitions  of  spite  and  intolerance.  A  cenotaph  to  Morton,  one  of 
the  calmest  and  most  dignified  philosophers  that  any  age  or 
country  has  seen,  should  be  stained  by  no  scurrility,  defamed  by 
no  violence.  It  is  an  insult  to  his  memory  to  suppose  that  he 
could  have  desired  his  unpublished  writings  to  be  given  to  the 
world,  in  close  connection  with  an  attack  on  the  Bible  the  ma 
levolence  of  which  is  only  equalled  by  its  impotence." — Introduc 
tion  to  Lectures  on  the  Evidences  of  Christianity,  delivered  in  Phila., 
1853-54,  Phila.,  1855,  8vo. 

See  Historical  Magazine,  (New  York,)  Jan.  1858,  32. 

Glingall,  Richard  Butler,  Earl  of,  1794-1858, 
an  Irish  peer,  author  of  the  Irish  Tutor,  a  Farce;  The 
Follies  of  Fashion,  a  Comedy  ;  and  other  dramatic  works 
of  some  merit.  At  one  time,  he  wrote  largely  for  the  Age 
and  other  Conservative  London  journals. 

Glisson,  Francis,  M.D.,  1597-1677,  President  of 
the  London  College  of  Physicians,  was  in  great  repute  for 
professional  learning.  1.  Tractatus  de  Rachitide  seu  Morbo 
Puerili  Rickets  Dicto,  Ac.,  Lon.,  1650,  '60,  8vo.  In  Eng 
lish,  by  Philip  Armin,  1651,  8vo.  By  Culpepper,  16G8, 
12mo.  See  BATE,  GEORGE,  M.D. 

2.  Anatomia  Hepatis,  Ac.,  1654,  8vo ;  Amst.,  1659,  8vo  ; 
1669,  fol.;  Hague,  1681,  12mo;  Genev.,  1685.  Also  in 
the  Collec.  of  Mongeters.  3.  De  Naturae  Substantia  Ener- 
getica,  Ac.,  Lon.,  1672,  4to.  4.  Tractatus  de  Ventriculo 
et  Intestinis,  Ac.,  1676,  4to ;  Amst.,  1677,  12mo ;  Genev., 
1685,  fol. ;  Lugd.  Bat.,  1691,  12mo.  Opera  Medica  Ana- 
tomica,  1691,  3  vols.  12mo. 

"This  worthy  doctor,  to  whose  learned  lucubrations  and  deep  dis 
quisitions  in  physic  not  only  Great  Britain,  but  remoter  kingdoms, 
owe  a  particular  respect  and  veneration." — Wood's  Fasti  Oxon. 

See  Aikin's  Biog.  Mem.  of  Med.;  Birch's  Hist.  Roy.  Soc. 

Glisson,  Wm.,  and  Gulston,  Ant.  The  Common 
Law  Epitomized,  Ac.,  Lon.,  1679,  8vo. 

"  This  was  formerly  called  common  law  epitomized,  Ac.,  without 
a  name,  1661,  and  it  was  first  entitled  Survey  of  the  Law,  &c., 
1659  [8vo]."—  Clarke's  Bibl.  Leg. 

Glossy,  Saml.,  M.D.    Diseases,  Lon.,  1763,  8vo. 

Gloster,  Arch.,  M.D.,  of  St.  John's,  Antigua.  Cure 
of  Tetanus  and  Lock  Jaw,  by  amazing  quantities  of  Opium. 
Trans.  Amer.  Soc.,  i.  379. 


Gloucester,  Robert  of.  See  ROBERT  OP  GLOU 
CESTER. 

Glover.     Tracts  on  Trade,  Lon.,  1774,  '75,  8vo. 

Glover,  Mrs^  Caroline  H.,  a  daughter  of  Rev.  Dr. 
Saml.  and  Mrs.  Caroline  Gilman,  was  born  in  Charleston, 
1823;  married  in  1840.  She  was  left  a  widow  in  1846, 
and  has  since  that  period  resided  with  her  parents.  She 
is  known  as  the  author  of  many  contributions  to  periodi 
cals,  consisting  of  juvenile  literature,  Ac.,  under  the  signa 
ture  of  Caroline  Howard,  Vernon  Grove,  N.  York,  1858. 

Glover,  Fred.     Serm.,  Lon.,  1841,  8vo. 

Glover,  Henry.     Serms.,  1663,  '64,  4to. 

Glover,  Phillips.  Theolog.  Lett,  to  Rev.  Dr.  Water- 
land,  1734,  8vo. 

Glover,  Richard,  1712-1785,  a  native  of  London, 
and  a  merchant  of  that  city,  was  one  of  the  best  Greek 
scholars  and  most  famous  poets  of  his  day.  He  was  edu 
cated  at  the  school  of  Cheam,  in  Surrey,  and  whilst  there 
wrote,  in  his  16th  year,  his  poem  to  the  memory  of  Sir 
Isaac  Newton,  appended  by  Dr.  Henry  Pemberton,  in 
1728,  to  his  View  of  Newton's  Philosophy.  In  1760 
Glover  became  a  member  of  Parliament,  and  for  many 
years  enjoyed  considerable  political  influence.  1.  Leoni- 
das;  a  Poein,  Lon.,  1737,  4to ;  1738,  8vo.  It  passed 
through  4  eds.  in  1737-38.  5th  ed.,  extended  from  9  to  12 
books,  1770,  2  vols.  12mo.  With  plates,  1798,  2  vols.  8vo. 
New  ed.,  24mo.  This  poem — now  almost  entirely  neg 
lected — which  celebrates  the  defence  of  Thermopylae,  was 
enthusiastically  applauded,  both  for  its  poetry  and  politics : 

"The  whole  plan  and  purpose  of  it  being  to  show  the  superi 
ority  of  freedom  over  slavery;  and  how  much  virtue,  public  spirit, 
and  the  love  of  liberty  are  preferable,  both  in  their  nature  and 
effects,  to  riches,  luxury,  and  the  insolence  of  power."— LORD 
LYTTELTON  :  in  Common  Sense. 

2.  London,  or  the  Progress  of  Commerce ;  a  Poem,  Lon., 
1739,  4to.  3.  Hosier's  Ghost,  1739.  This  poem,  written 
to  excite  the  nation  against  the  Spaniards,  became  very 
popular.  It  was  composed  whilst  Glover  was  a  visitor  at 
Stowe;  and  there  is  an  amusing  anecdote  connected  with 
its  composition,  in  which  Lady  Temple's  tulips  bear  a 
prominent  part.  4.  Application  to  Parl.  rel.  to  Trade, 
1751,  8vo.  5.  Boadicea;  a  Tragedy,  1758,  8vo.  This 
piece  was  performed  for  nine  nights,  but  seems  to  have 
disappointed  Glover's  friends.  6.  Medea:  a  Tragedy, 
1761,  4to. 

"  Written  on  the  Greek  model,  and  therefore  unfit  for  the  mo 
dern  stage." 

7.  Jason;  a  Tragedy,  1799,  8vo.     Never  acted,  and,  the 
Biog.  Dramat.  says,  never  pub. 

"As  it  required  scenery  of  the  most  expensive  kind,  it  never 
was  exhibited." — Biog.  Dramat. 

8.  The  Atheniad;  a  Poem,  1787,  3  vols.  12mo.     This  is 
a  continuation  of  Leonidas. 

"  The  Atheniad  ought  always  to  accompany  the  Leonidas.  Mr. 
Chalmers  censures  it,  because,  he  says,  the  events  of  history  are 
so  closely  followed  as  to  give  the  whole  the  air  of  a  poetical  chro 
nicle.  To  this  opinion  we  may  oppose  the  fact  of  having  ourselves 
repeatedly  perused  it  in  early  youth,  for  the  interest  which  the 
story  continually  excited.  Glover  endeavoured  to  imitate  tha 
ancients,  but  wanted  strength  to  support  the  severe  style  which 
he  had  chosen.  He  has,  however,  many  and  great  merits;  this 
especially  among  others,  that  instead  of  treading  in  the  sheep- 
track  wherein  the  writers  of  modern  epics,  till  his  time,  servum 
pecus,  had  gone  one  after  the  other,  he  framed  the  stories  of  both 
his  poems  according  to  their  subject,  without  reference  to  any 
model,  or  any  rule  but  that  of  propriety  and  good  sense." — Lon 
Quar.  Rev.,  xi.  498,  499. 

"  His  Leonidas  acquired  extraordinary  popularity  in  its  day,  and 
appears,  like  the  pseudo-Ossian,  to  have  obtained  a  higher,  or,  at 
least,  a  more  lasting,  reputation  on  the  continent,  than  in  its  own 
country;  where,  however,  it  still  retains  its  rank  as  an  English 
classic.  .  . .  The  Atheniad  was  intended  as  a  sequel  to  Leonidas,  and 
embraces  the  remainder  of  the  Persian  war,  from  the  death  of 
Leonidas  to  the  battle  of  Platea.  It  was  the  work  of  the  author's 
old  a°je,  and  its  defects  are,  in  part,  attributable  to  the  circum 
stance  of  its  not  having  received  his  finishing  hand.  In  this 
latter  performance,  accordingly,  the  abilities  of  the  author  shew 
themselves  more  matured,  and  his  peculiar  properties  more  fully 
developed."— ion.  JKetrosp.  Rev.,  ii.  105-133, 1820. 

In  1813,  8vo,  was  pub.,  from  a  Diary  or  part  of  a  Diary, 
written  by  Glover,  Memoirs  of  a  distinguished  Lit.  and 
Polit.  Character,  from  1742-57,  Ac.;  and  in  1815  appeared 
an  Inquiry,  Ac.  rel.  to  these  Memoirs,  designed  to  prove 
that  Glover  was  the  author  of  the  Letters  of  Junius.  To 
these  publications  we  shall  refer  in  our  article  on  JUNIUS. 

A  writer  in  the  Edin.  Rev.  remarks : 

"The  sole  value  of  the  Memoirs  of  this  vulgar,  bustling,  self- 
important  politician,  consists  in  the  particulars  he  has  given  of 
some  private  deliberations  of  opposition  to  which  he  was  admitted." 

But  see  this  same  periodical,  xxii.  475-484. 

"  A  portion  of  this  history  has  lately  been  made  public,  and  it  is 
as  interesting  as  any  thing  can  be  which  relates  to  the  politics  of 

such  unimportant  times We  should  rejoice  if  this  inquiry 

[see  ante]  should  bring  forth  more  of  his  remains,  and  lead  to  a 

679 


GLO 

collected  edition  of  the  -works  of  an  author  who,  though  too  highly 
extolled  in  his  own  day,  must  ever  hold  a  respectable  rank  among 
the  English  poets."— Lon.  Quar.  Rev.,  xi.  498,  499. 

See  Johnson  and  Chalmers's  Eng.  Pdets,  1810;  Chal 
mers's  Biog.  Diet. ;  art  in  Lon.  Gent.  Mag.,  by  Dr.  Brock- 


7    Robert,    1543-1588,  a  native  of  Ashford, 

Kent,  was  first  made  Portcullis  Pursuivant,  and  in  1571 
Somerset  Herald.  1.  De  Nobilitate  politica  vel  civili. 
^ub.  by  his  nephew,  Thos.  Milles,  Lon.,  1608,  fol.  2.  A 
Catalogue  of  Honour,  1610,  fol.  This  refers  to  the  Eng 
lish  nobility.  It  was  also  pub.  by  T.  Milles. 

"  Being  the  first  work  in  that  kind,  he  therein  traced  untrodden 
paths;  and  therefore  no  wonder  if  such  who  since  succeeded  him 
in  that  subject  have  found  a  nearer  way,  and  exceed  him  in  accu- 
rateness  therein." — Putter's  Worthies  of  Kent. 

Edmondson's  Complete  Body  of  Heraldry  (vol.  i.)  con 
tains  Glover's  Ordinary  of  Arms,  augmented  and  improved. 
He  wrote  an  answer,  never  pub.,  to  the  Bishop  of  Ross's 
book,  asserting  Mary  Queen  of  Scots'  claim  to  the  crown, 
assisted  Camden  in  his  pedigrees  for  the  Britannia,  and 
engaged  in  other  literary  labours.  See  Noble's  Coll.  of 
Arms;  Gent.  Mag.,  Ixiii.  311;  Fuller's  Worthies. 

Glover,  Thomas,  Surgeon.  Acct.  of  Virginia;  Phil. 
Trans.,  1676.  Mr.  G.  gives  an  account  of  "a  most  prodi 
gious  creature,"  half  fish  and  half  man,  which  appeared 
to  him  in  the  water  of  the  Rappahannock.  Whether  this 
occurred  before  or  after  dinner,  we  are  unable  to  state. 

Glover,  Serjt.  W.  Practical  Treat,  on  the  Law  of 
Municipal  Corporations,  Lon.,  1841,  8vo.  This  treatise  is 
preceded  by  a  Historical  Summary  of  the  ancient  and  mo 
dern  Corporate  System,  Ac. 

Glover,  Wm.     Serm.  on  James  iv.  1. 
Glyn,  Thomas  €.,  and  Robert  S.  Jameson.  Rep. 
Cases  in  Bankruptcy,1820-28,  Lon.,  1824-28, 12  vols.  r.  8vo. 
Glynn,  John.  Proceedings  on  the  King's  Commission 
of  the  Peace,  Ac.,  Lon.,  1775,  4to. 

Glynn,  Robert,  M.D.,  d.  1800,  a  native  of  Cambridge, 
Fellow  of  Queen's  Coll.  The  Day  of  Judgment,  a  Poetical 
Essay,  Lon.,  1757, 4to.  This  obtained  the  Seatonian  prize 
in  1757. 

"Tho'  the  Author,  in, his  Exordium,  modestly  disclaims  any 
poetical  power,  many  parts  of  the  sequel,  and,  indeed,  the  poem 
taken  altogether,  will  dispose  his  Readers  to  dissent  agreeably 
from  his  self-diffidence."— Lon.  Month.  Rev.,  Nov.  1757. 

Goad,  Christopher,  Fellow  of  King's  Coll.,  Camb. 
Refreshing  Drops  and  Scorching  Vials,  Lon.,  1653,  4to. 
New  ed.,  1827,  12mo. 

"  When  on  his  Sermons  we  but  cast  our  eye 
And  in  so  plain  a  dress  such  beauty  spy, 
A  native  splendour,  which  not  tinctured  is 
With  skill  or  art,  we  can  experience  this : 
That  treasures  in  an  earthen  vessel  lie, 
And  we  a  burning,  shining  light  descry 
In  camel's  hair  attired." 

Goad,  John,  1615-1689,  an  eminent  classical  teacher 
and  divine,  a  native  of  London,  Vicar  of  St.  Giles,  Oxf., 
1643 ;  of  Yarnton,  1646 ;  head-master  of  Merchant  Taylors' 
flchool  for  nearly  twenty  years.      1.   Serm.,    1663,  4to. 
2.  Serm.,  1664,  4to.      3.  Genealogicon  Latinum,  2d  ed., 
1676,  8vo.     4.  Astro-Meteorologia,  1686,  fol.     Founded 
on  thirty  years'  experience.     5.  Auto-didactica,  1690,  8vo. 
6.  Astro-Meteorologia  sana,  1690,  4 to. 
"  A  learned  and  religious  person." — Atlien.  Oxon. 
"  Goodness  inspire  me,  while  I  write  of  one, 
Who  was  all  goodness ;  But  alas !  he's  gone." 

JAMES  WRIGHT,  ubi  supra. 

Goad,  Thomas,  D.D.,  d.  1638.  God's  Decrees,  1661 
Goadby,  Henry,  M.D.    A  Text-Book  of  Vegetable 
and  Animal  Physiology,  N.Y.,  1858,  8vo.     See  N.  Amer. 
Rev.,  Oct.  1858,  (by  A.  P.  Peabody,  D.D.) 

Goadby,  J.  Observ.  on  the  Art  of  War,  1809. 
Goadby,  Robert,  d.  1778,  a  printer  of  Sherborne, 
Dorsetshire,  was  author  of  The  Universe  Displayed,  The 
Life  of  Bamfylde  Moore  Carew,  The  King  of  the  Beggars, 
Ac.,  and  edited  An  Illustration  of  the  Holy  Scriptures,  by 
Notes  and  Explications,  Ac.,  Sherborne,  1759-64,  3  vols 
fol. ;  frequently  reprinted.  10th  ed.  of  the  N.  Test.,  *.  a. 
«ed  circa  1800,  fol. 

« It  contains  many  judicious  notes ;  .  . .  but,  while  it  seems  to  be 
orthodox,  is  written  entirely  on  the  Arian  hypothesis."— DR.  A 
€LARKE. 

"  The  false  and  erroneous  interpretations  contained  in  this  work 

were  forcibly  and  ably  exposed  by  the  Rev.  Walter  Sellon,  in  his 

Kemarks  upon  certain  passages  in  a  work  entitled  an  Illustration 

of  the  Holy  Scriptures,  London,  1765, 12mo."— Home's  Bibl  Bib 

Gobat,  Rt.  Rev.  Samuel,  D.D.,   Bishop  of  the 

•Church  of  England  in  Jerusalem.     Jour,  of  a  Three  Years 

Residence  in  Abyssinia;  with  a  brief  Hist,  of  the  Ch.  in 

Abyss.,  by  the  Rev.  Saml.  Lee,  D.D.,  2d  ed.,  Lon.,  1847,  8vo 

God,  John.     A  Discourse  of  the  great  Crueltie  of  a 

Widow,  Ac.,  set  forth  in  English  Verse,  16mo. 


GOD 

Godbold,  N.     Consumption,  1784,  '87,  8vo. 
Godbolt,  John,  Justice.     Rep.  Cases  in  the  Cts.  of 
Record,  1575-1638.     Ed.  by  Wm.  Hughes,  Lon.,  1652, 4to. 
Godbolt,  Goldsborough,  and  March,  mean  reporters,  but  not  to 
)e  rejected."— North's  Stu.  Law,  24. 

Goddam,  or  Voddam,  Adam,  an  Englishman, 
super  iv.  libros  Sententiarum,  Par.,  ap.  J.  Barbier,  1512,  fol. 
Goddard,  Austin  Parke,  Knight  of  the  Military 
Order  of  St.  Stephen.  The  Hist,  of  Italy,  1490-1532.  In 
20  books.  From  the  Italian  of  Guicciardini,  Lon.,  1755- 
10  vols.  8vo.  See  FENTON,  SIR  GEOFFREY.  For  an 
account  of  the  edits,  of  Guicciardini's  Hist,  of  Italy,  see 
Disraeli's  Curiosities  of  Lit. ;  Roscoe's  Leo  the  Tenth; 
Watt's  Bibl.  Brit.;  Brunct's  Man.,  Ac.  This  is  supposed 
o  be  one  of  the  works  studied  by  Shakspeare.  Guicciar 
dini  is  high  authority : 

"The  historical  writings  of  Guicciardini  have  not  only  entitled 
;heir  author  to  the  indisputable  precedence  of  all  the  historians  of 
[taly,  but  have  placed  him  at  least  on  a  level  with  those  of  any 
age  or  of  any  country." — Roscoe's  Life  of  Leo  the  Tenth. 

"We  have  finished  the  twentieth  and  last  book  of  Guicciardini's 
history ;  the  most  authentick  I  believe  (may  I  add,  I  fear)  that 
ever  was  composed.  I  believe  it,  because  the  historian  was  an 
actor  in  his  terrible  drama,  and  personally  knew  the  principal  per 
formers  in  it;  and  I  fear  it,  because  it  exhibits  the  woful  picture  of 
society  in  the  fifteenth  and  sixteenth  centuries." — SIR  WM.  JONES. 
This  work  is  unquestionably,  in  respect  to  the  importance  and 
authenticity  of  its  matter,  the  most  valuable  part  of  the  annals 
of  Italy  that  has  ever  been  written." — MILLS. 

I  should  not  scruple  to  prefer  Guicciardini  to  Thucydides  in 
every  respect." — LORD  BOLINGBROKE. 

"This  historian  represents  man  in  his  darkest  colours.  Their 
drama  is  terrific.  The  actors  are  monsters  of  perfidy,  of  inhu 
manity,  and  inventors  of  crimes  which  seem  to  want  a  name. 
They  were  all  princes  of  darkness,  and  that  age  seemed  to  afford  a 
triumph  to  Manicheism.  The  worst  passions  were  called  in  by  all 
parties."— DISRAELI. 

"  The  predominating  love  of  narrative,  more  especially  when  the 
exploits  of  a  favourite  nation  were  the  subject,  rendered  this  book 
very  popular ;  and  it  came  recommended  to  the  public  by  a  title- 
page  which  promised  almost  the  entertainment  of  a  romance." — 
WARTON. 

Goddard,  Charles,  D.D.,  Archdeacon  and  Preb.  of 
Lincoln.  1.  Serm.,  Lon.,  1822,  8vo.  2.  Eight  Serms.  at 
Bampton  Lect.,  1823,  Oxf.,  1824,  8vo.  3.  Serms.  and 
Charges,  1838,  sm.  4to. 

Goddard,  James.  Case  between  the  Managers  of 
the  Royal  Family  Privateers,  Ac.,  Lon.,  1756. 

Goddard,  Jonathan,  M.D.,  1617-1674,  a  physician, 
chemist,  botanist,  and  promoter  of  the  Royal  Society. 
1.  Observ.  cone,  a  Tree,  Lon.,  1664,  fol.  2.  The  Fruit 
Trees'  Secrets,  1664,  4to.  3.  Discourse  on  Physic,  1669, 
'70,  '78,  4to.  4.  Chemical,  Ac.  con.  to  Phil.  Trans.,  1676. 
His  recipes,  Arcana  Goddardiana,  were  pub.  at  the  end  of 
the  Pharmacopoeia  Bateana,  1691.  His  memory  was  long 
preserved  among  doctors  and  patients  by  the  Goddard 
Drops.  Bishop  Ward  says  that  Goddard  was  the  first 
Englishman  who  made  the  telescope.  The  following  note 
will  please  the  bibliomaniac : 

"  He  was  master  of  a  most  curious  library  of  books,  well  and 
richly  bound." — Athen.  Oxon. 

See  Biog.  Brit.;  Ward's  Gresham  Prof.;  Birch's  Hist, 
of  the  Roy.  Soc. 

Goddard,  Paul  B.,  M.D.,  an  eminent  physician  of 
Philadelphia,  b.  Jan.  26,  1811,  in  Baltimore.  1.  On  the 
Arteries,  12  plates,  Phila.,  4to.  2.  On  the  Nerves,  12  plates, 
4to.  3.  The  Anatomy,  Physiology,  and  Pathology  of  the 
Human  Teeth,  with  the  most  approved  Methods  of  Treat 
ment.  Aided  in  the  practical  part  by  Joseph  E.  Parker, 
Dentist;  30  plates,  1844,  4to;  1849;  N.  York,  1854,  4to.  4. 
A  System  of  Human  Anatomy,  General  and  Special,  by 
Erasmus  Wilson,  M.D.  Edited  by  P.  B.  G.  4th  Amer. 
from  the  last  Lon.  ed.,  8vo;  nearly  600  pp.,  with  250  illust, 
5.  The  Dissector;  or,  Prac.  and  Surg.  Anatomy,  by  Eras 
mus  Wilson,  M.D.  Modified  and  rearranged  by  P.  B.  G.; 
2d  ed.,  improved,  large  12mo,  pp.  440,  with  over  100  wood 
cuts.  6.  Practical  Treatise  on  Midwifery,  by  F.  J.  Moreau. 
Ed.  by  P.  B.  G.;  80  plates,  Phila.,  1844,  8vo.  7.  Illustra 
tions  of  Syphilitic  Disease,  by  Philip  Ricord,  50  plates.  Ed. 
by  P.  B.  G.,  1851,  8vo.  8.  The  Iconographic  portion  of 
Rayer  on  the  Skin,  1845.  9.  Ashwell  on  Diseases  of  Fe 
males.  Ed.  by  P.  B.  G.,  1850,  8vo. 

Goddard,  Peter  Stephen,  D.D.,  d.  1781,  Preb.  of 
Peterborough,  and  of  St.  Paul's;   Fellow  of  Clare   Hall, 
Camb.,  1727;  Master,  1762.     His  popularity  as  a  preacher 
was  so  great  that  he  was  known  as  "  The  Young  Tillotson." 
1.  Serm.,  1746,  8vo.     2.  Serm.,  1759,  8vo.     3.  Serm.,  1759. 
4.  Serm.,  1759.     5.  Serm.,  1769,  4to.     6.  Serms.,  1781,  8vo. 
Goddard,  Philip,  of  Beneham.     Serm.,  1714,  8vo. 
Goddard,  Thomas.     Miscellanea,  Lon.,  1661,  4to. 
Goddard,  Thomas.      Plato's   Demon,  Lon.,  1684, 
8vo.     This  is  an  answer  to  Plato's  Redivivus. 


GOD 


GOD 


Goddard,  Thomas,  Canon  of  Windsor.  1-4.  Occas. 
Serms.,  1703-10.  5.  Six  Serins.,  1715.  6,  7.  Letters, 
1710,  <fcc. 

Goddard,  Thomas,  Rector  of  Swell,  Somersetshire. 
Reformation  of  the  Liturgy;  a  Serin,  on  Jno.  xvii.  3, 1772, 
8vo. 

Goddard,  Wm.  1.  A  Neaste  of  Waspes,  Dort,  1615, 
4to.  2.  Dogs  from  the  Antipodes,  in  41  Satyrs,  4to.  3.  A 
Mastif- Whelp.  This  consists  of  126  Satyrs.  Boswell,  975, 
£9  9s.  4.  A  Satyricall  Dialogue;  or,  a sharplye  inuectiue 
Conference  betweene  Alexander  the  great  and  that  trulye 
Woman-hater  Diogynes.  Imprinted  in  the  Lowe  Countryes 
for  all  such  Gentlewomen  as  are  not  altogether  idle  nor  yet 
well  occupyed,  4to.  In  this  work  the  ungallant  author  has 
the  temerity  to  attack  the  gentler  sex.  It  is  not  unlikely 
that  he  was  a  captious  old  bachelor,  who  deserved  to  re 
main  so. 

Goddard,  Wm.,  d.  1817,  at  Providence,  R.  I.,  in  his 
78tb  year,  was  connected  with  the  newspaper  press  in 
various  parts  of  the  United  States.  In  1762  he  commenced 
the  Providence,  R.  Island,  Gazette;  in  1767  he  established 
the  Pennsylvania  Chronicle,  Phila. ;  in  1773  he  commenced 
the  Maryland  Journal  at  Baltimore,  which  he  relinquished 
in  1792,  and  subsequently  resided  in  Rhode  Island.  He  was 
at  one  time  connected  with  the  publication  of  Parker's 
Journal  in  New  York.  An  interesting  account  of  Goddard 
will  be  found  in  Thomas's  Hist,  of  Printing.  His  claim  to 
a  place  in  our  volume  is  founded  on  the  fact  of  his  having 
pub.  a  Hist,  of  the  Penn.  Chronicle,  1770.  He  married  a 
Miss  Angell,  of  Providence,  and  the  name  of  the  lady  sug 
gested  to  a  friend  of  the  groom  the  bnn  mot  that  Goddard 
had  "taken  an  angel  for  his  wife."  It  would  appear, 
therefore,  that  wit  is  not  entirely  a  recent  invention. 
Whether  Mr.  Goddard's  facetious  friend  deserved  the  com 
mendation  of  Barrow — 

"  It  seemeth  to  argue  a  rare  quickness  of  parts,  that  one  can 
fetch  in  remote  conceits  applicable;  a  notable  skill,  that  he  can 
dexterously  accommodate  them  to  the  purpose  before  him" — 
we  shall  not  stop  to  inquire. 

Goddard,  Wm.  Giles,  d.  at  Providence,  R.  I.,  1846, 
aged  52,  son  of  the  preceding,  was  in  1825  appointed  Prof, 
of  Moral  Philos.  and  Metaphysics  in  Brown  University; 
the  title  of  the  Professorship  was  in  1834  changed  to  that 
of  Belles-Lettres.  Prof.  G.  resigned  his  post,  in  consequence 
of  ill  health,  in  1842.  He  pub.  an  Address  before  the  Phi 
Beta  Kappa  Society  of  Brown  University,  on  The  Value 
of  Liberal  Studies;  a  Sketch  of  the  first  president,  Man 
ning;  an  Address  on  the  death  of  Win.  Henry  Harrison, 
Pres.  U.  States;  and  a  Discourse  on  the  Change  of  the 
Civil  Govt.  of  R.  Island  in  1843.  From  1814  to  1825  he 
was  proprietor  and  editor  of  The  Rhode  Island  American, 
a  paper  pub.  at  Providence. 

Goddard,  Wm.  Stanley,  D.D.,  1757-1845,  Rector 
of  Repton,  Derby.  1.  Serm.  on  the  Visit,  of  the  Bishop, 
Winches.,  1811,  8vo.  2.  Serm.  at  the  Consec.  of  Bp.  How- 
ley,  Lon.,  1814,  4to. 

Godden,  Thos.,  D.D.,  Preb.-in-Ordinary  to  her  Ma 
jesty.  1.  Serms.,  1686.  2.  Serms.,  1686,  4to.  See  Cath. 
Serms.,  1741. 

Godet,  Gylles.  Genealogie  of  the  Kinges  of  England, 
1560-62,  fol.  Kings  from  Brute  to  Elizabeth. 

'•  Of  this  very  rare  and  curious  book  no  other  copy  is  known, 
but  that  at  Althorp." — Bibl.  Grenvitt.,  q.  v. 

See  also  Herbert's  Ames,  1314,  and  Dibdin's  ^des  Al- 
thorpianse,  i.  180-184. 

Godfrey  of  Winchester,  d.  1107,  prior  of  St. 
Swithin's  at  Winchester,  was  the  author  of  a  number  of 
Epistles,  epigrams,  verses,  <fcc.  The  two  last-named,  all 
that  are  known  to  exist,  are  preserved  in  a  MS.  in  the  Cot- 
tonian  Library,  and  in  two  MSS.  in  the  Bodleian  Library. 
See  Wright's  Biog.  Brit.  Lit.,  and  authorities  there  cited. 

"  Godfrey  of  Winchester  was  the  first  and  best  of  the  Anglo- 
Norman  writers  of  Latin  verse ;  in  such  of  his  works  as  are  now 
extant,  he  rises  more  successfully  than  any  other  poet  of  his  own 
or  the  succeeding  age  above  the  barbarisms  of  medieval  style,  and 
in  some  of  his  epigrams  he  approaches  nearly  to  the  purity  of 
Martial,  who  was  his  model."— Biog.  Brit.  Lit. 

Godfrey,  Amb.  and  John.  Elements  of  Water, 
Lon.,  1747,  4to.  • 

Godfrey,  Boyly.  1.  Fires,  1724.  2.  Experiments, 
1757. 

Godfrey,  C.  B.     Treat,  on  V.  Disease,  1797,  8vo. 

Godfrey,  Capt.  John.     Back-sword,  1747,  4to. 

Godfrey,  Michael,  d.  1 695.  A  Short  Account  of  the 
intended  Bank  of  England,  Lon.,  1694,  4to. 

"This  tract  was  written  by  Michael  Godfrey,  Esq.,  first  Deputy- 
Governor  of  the  Bank,  and  one  of  the  most  active  coadjutors  of 
Paterson  in  its  formation."— McCuUoch's  Lit.  of  Polit.  Earn. 

An  interesting  account  of  the  manner  in  which  Godfrey 


came  to  his  death — at  the  siege  of  Namur,  in  1695,  whilst 
on  an  official  visit  to  King  William — will  be  found  in  T.  B. 
Macaulay's  Hist,  of  England,  vol.  iv.,  just  pub.  The  un 
fortunate  Deputy-Governor  was  a  brother  of  Sir  Edmonds- 
bury  Godfrey, 

"  Whose  sad  mysterious  death  had,  fifteen  years  before,  produced 
a  terrible  outbreak  of  popular  feeling.  Michael  was  one  of  the 
ablest,  most  upright,  and  most  opulent  of  the  merchant  princes 
of  London.  He  was,  as  might  have  been  expected  from  his  near 
connection  with  the  martyr  of  the  Protestant  faith,  a  zealous  Whig. 
Some  of  his  writings  are  still  extant,  and  prove  him  to  have  had  a 
strong  and  clear  mind." — MACAULAY,  ubi  supra. 

Godfrey,  Robert.     Physic,  Lon.,  1673,  '74,  8vo. 

Godfrey,  Robert.     Serm.  on  Acts  ii.  47. 

Godfrey,  Samuel.     Bills  of  Exchange,  1791,  8vo. 

Godfrey,  Thomas.  A  Rich  Storehouse;  or,  Trea 
sury  for  the  Sicke  full  of  Christian  Counsailes  and  Godly 
Meditation,  1758,  8vo. 

Godfrey,  Thomas,  1736-1763,  a  son  of  the  inventor 
of  "Hadley's  Quadrant,"  was  a  native  of  Philadelphia, 
where  for  some  time  he  was  apprentice  to  a  watchmaker. 
In  1758  he  was  made  lieutenant  in  the  Pennsylvania  troops 
raised  for  the  expedition  against  Fort  Du  Quesne.  He  was 
subsequently  employed  as  a  factor  in  North  Carolina,  and 
also  as  a  supercargo  in  a  voyage  to  the  island  of  New  Pro 
vidence.  His  tragedy  of  The  Prince  of  Parthia,  which 
was  offered  to  a  company  performing  in  Phila.  in  1759,  is 
supposed  to  be  the  first  dramatic  work  written  in  America. 
The  Court  of  Fancy,  a  Poem,  Phila.,  1763,  4to,  was  evi 
dently  written^ with  an  eye  to  Chaucer's  House  of  Fame. 
A  vol.  of  his  Poems — many  of  which  had  already  appeared 
in  the  American  Mag. — was  pub.  by  Godfrey's  friend,  N. 
Evans,  in  1767,  4to,  pp.  224. 

Godiiidus.  1.  The  Book  of  Knowledge  of  Things 
Unknown,  8vo.  2.  The  same,  with  the  Husbandman's 
Practice  and  the  Shepherd's  Prognostication,  1688,  8vo. 

"  The  prognostications  of  the  weather  from  astrological  observa 
tions  do  not  now  attract  any  notice,  and  this  book  does  not  con 
tain  any  practical  matter." — Donaldson's  Agrimdt.  Biog. 

Godkin,  James,  formerly  a  R.  Catholic.  1.  Apos 
tolic  Christianity;  or,  Antidote  against  Romanism  and 
Puseyism,  Lon.,  1842,  Svo.  2.  Touchstone  of  Orthodoxy, 
1842,  12mo.  3.  Guide  to  the  Church  of  Christ;  3d  ed., 
1846,  Svo. 

Godley,  John  Robert.  Letters  from  Canada  and 
the  United  States,  Lon.,  1844,  2  vols.  p.  Svo. 

"The  production  of  a  sensible  and  enlightened  traveller,  who  is 
evidently  concerned  to  do  justice  to  the  people  whom  he  describes, 
and  to  furnish  useful  information." — Lon.  Eclectic  Keo. 

"  For  the  impartiality  which  he  everywhere  exhibits,  he  deserves 
all  the  credit  that  he  claims.  Here,  then,  is  at  least  one  English 
book  of  which  the  Americans  cannot  reasonably  complain." — Lon. 
Athenaeum. 

"The  farming  or  emigration  prospects  and  practicabilities  of 
Canada  are  what  most  deeply  interest  English  readers;  and  they 
will  find  here  a  good  deal  of  information  that  bears  every  mark  of 
being  well  considered  and  judicious." — Jhifs  Edin.  Mag. 

Godman,  John  D.,  1794-1830,  a  native  of  Annapolis, 
Maryland,  was  in  his  youth  employed  first  as  a  printer, 
and  subsequently  as  a  sailor  in  the  navy.  In  1815  he 
commenced  the  study  of  medicine,  and  attained  a  high 
rank  in  his  profession,  especially  in  the  department  of 
anatomy.  He  was  also  distinguished  for  his  knowledge 
of  natural  history  and  the  ancient  and  modern  languages. 
After  receiving  his  medical  degree,  he  practised  for  some 
time  in  Philadelphia  and  other  places,  and  in  1821  was 
appointed  Prof,  of  Anatomy  in  the  Medical  College  of  Cin 
cinnati.  In  1822  he  removed  to  Phila.,  and  four  years 
later  accepted  a  call  to  the  Professorship  of  Anatomy  in 
Rutgers  Medical  College,  New  York.  Obliged  by  failing 
health  to  embark  on  a  voyage  to  the  West  Indies,  where 
he  remained  for  a  winter,  he  settled,  on  his  return,  at  Ger- 
mantown,  Penna.,  where  he  died  of  consumption,  April 
17,  1830. 

In  addition  to  his  work  on  American  Natural  History, 
Dr.  Godman's  principal  works  are — Anatomical  Investi 
gations  ;  American  Natural  History,  commenced  in  1823 
and  completed  in  1828,  pub.  in  3  vols.  Svo;  Acct.  of  some 
Irregularities  of  Structure  and  Morbid  Anatomy ;  Rambles 
of  a  Naturalist;  an  edit,  of  Bell's  Anatomy,  with  Notes j 
Trans,  of  Levasseur's  Acct.  of  La  Fayette's  Progress 
through  the  United  States.  He  pub.  many  Addresses, 
delivered  on  various  public  occasions,  contributed  a 
number  of  articles  to  the  American  Quarterly  Review 
and  other  periodicals,  and  wrote  the  articles  in  the  Encyc. 
Americana  to  end  of  the  letter  C.  He  established  the 
Western  Quarterly  Reporter,  projected  by  Dr.  Drake,  and 
for  some  time  assisted  in  Dr.  Chapman's  Medical  Journal, 
pub.  in  Philadelphia. 

For  further  particulars  we  must  refer  the  reader  to  the 

681 


GOD 

Memoir  of  Dr.  Godman,  by  Thos.  Sewall,  M.D.,  Prof,  of 
Anatomy  and  Physiology  in  the  Columbian  College, 
Washington,  D.  C.,  1830 ;  and  a  Review,  by  Dr.  Lindsley, 
of  this  Memoir,  in  the  N.  Amer.  Rev.,  xl.  87-99.  Of  God- 
man's  American  Natural  History  the  reviewer  remarks : 

"  We  do  not  intend  to  claim  for  this  work  very  great  merit.  In 
such  an  enterprise,  not  to  have  foiled  is  sufficient  glory— especially 
when  undertaken  amidst  such  a  multiplicity  of  other  engage 
ments.  .  .  .  But  notwithstanding  all  the  disadvantages  under 
which  Dr.  Godman  laboured— notwithstanding  the  paucity  of  ma 
terials  at  his  command  from  which  to  select,  and  the  limited 


edly  superior  to  any  previous  publication  on  the  same  subject. 
We  consider  Dr.  Godman,  in  some  respects,  among  the  most  extra 
ordinary  men  that  have  adorned  the  medical  profession  of  our 
country." 

Dr.  Sewall's  Memoir  of  Dr.  Godman  has  been  pub.  as  a 
tract  by  the  American  Tract  Society,  and  has  also  been 
appended  to  the  Amer.  ed.  of  Newman  Hall's  Narrative 
of  the  Closing  Scenes  of  the  Life  of  Dr.  Wm.  Gordon. 
See  GORDON,  WM.,  M.D.  Both  gf  these  distinguished 
physicians  were  zealous  professors  of  the  Christian  faith, 
and  died  rejoicing  in  its  consolations. 

Godman,  Wm.  Serm.  on  Eccles.  x.  17,  1660,  4to. 
Godolphin,  John,  1617-1678,  an  eminent  civilian, 
a  native  of  Godolphin,  in  the  island  of  Scilly,  was  edu 
cated  at  Gloucester  Hall,  Oxf.;  was  constituted  Judge  of 
the  Admiralty  in  1653,  and  after  the  Restoration  made 
King's  Advocate.  1.  The  Holy  Limbec,  1650,  fol.  2.  The 
Holy  Harbour ;  a  Body  of  Divinity,  1651,  fol.  From  these 
treatises  he  is  ranked  among  the  Puritan  writers.  3.  Ad 
miralty  Jurisdiction,  1661,  8vo;  2d  ed.,  with  addits.,  1685. 
The  same,  under  the  title  of  Laws,  Ordinances,  <fec.  of  the 
Admiralty,  1766-67,  2  vols.  8vo.  See  3  Mason's  Rep.  245. 
4.  The  Orphan's  Legacy;  a  Testamentary  Abridgt.,  Lon., 
1674,  '77,  '85,  1701,  4to.  5.  Repertorium  Canonicum;  or, 
An  Abridgt.  of  the  Eccles.  Laws,  1678,  '80,  '87,  4to. 

"  Esteemed  a  learned  man,  and  as  well  read  in  divinity  as  in 
his  own  faculty,  as  may  be  seen  in  the  books  following  of  his 
writing,  [see  Nos.  1  and  2.]"— Athen.  Oxon. 

Godolphin,  Sydney,  1610-1643,  a  poet,  a  native  of 
Cornwall,  educated  at  Exeter  Coll.,  Oxf.,  fought  in  the 
King's  army  during  the  Rebellion,  and  was  slain  at  Chag- 
ford,  Devonshire.  He  wrote  several  original  poems,  and 
trans,  the  Lives  of  Dido  and  JEneas  from  Virgil,  1358,  8vo. 
"I  have  known  clearness  of  judgment  and  largeness  of  fancy, 
strength  of  reason  and  graceful  elocution;  a  courage  for  the  war, 
and  a  fear  for  the  laws;  and  all  eminently  in  one  man ;  and  that 
was  my  most  noble  and  houour'd  friend  Mr.  Sydn.  Godolphin,"  &c. 
— Hobbes's  Leviathan. 

"  Sydn.  Godolphin,  who  deserved  all  elogy  that  he  gives  of 
him,"  &c. — EABL  OF  CLARENDON  :  Brief  View  and  Survey  of  Hobbes's 
Leviathan. 

"Thou'rt  dead,  Godolphin,  who  lov'dst  reason  true, 

Justice  and  peace ;  soldier  belov'd,  adieu !" — HOBBES. 
See  an  interesting  account  of  Godolphin  in  Athen.  Oxon. 
Godschall,  Wm.  M.   Plan  of  Police,  Lon.,  1787,  8vo. 
Godskall,  James.     Medicine,  Lon.,  1604,  8vo. 
Godson,  Richard,  M.P.    Law  of  Patents  for  Inven 
tions  and  of  Copyright,  2d  ed.,  Lon.,  1840,  8vo.     Supp., 
1844.     New  supp.,  by  Peter  Burke,  1851,  8vo. 

"  The  author  was  the  first  English  writer  to  publish  a  methodi 
cal  treatise  upon  this  comparatively  new  department  of  the  law. 
He  has  given  a  general  and  accurate  analysis  of  the  Cases,  and 
presented  the  whole  learning  upon  a  subject  no  less  difficult  than 
important,  in  a  very  attractive  manner." — Marvin's  Leg.  Bibl. 
See  Pref.  Phil.  Pat. 

"A  clear,  comprehensive  and  useful  work."— McOidloch's  Lit.  of 
Polit.  Ec'm. 

Godson,  Robert.  Astrologia  Reformata;  or,  A  Re 
form,  of  the  Prognostical  part  of  Astrol.,  Lon.,1696,  '97, 8vo. 
Godwin,  Edward.  Serms.,  1721-29,  all  8vo. 
Godwin,  Francis,  D.D.,  1561-1633,  a  native  of  Hav- 
ington,  Northamptonshire,  was  a  son  of  Thos.  Godwin 
Bishop  of  Bath  and  Wells.  He  was  educated  at  Christ 
Church,  Oxf.,  and  became  Rector  of  Samford,  Orcaius, 
Preb.  of  Wilts,  and  Sub-dean  of  Exeter;  Bishop  of  Llan 
daff,  1601 ;  trans,  to  Hereford,  1617.  1.  Concio  Lat.  in 
Luc.  v.  3,  1601,  4to.  2.  Cat.  of  the  Bishops  of  England ; 
from  the  first,  with  their  lives  and  actions,  Lon.,  1601,  4to 
With  addits.,  1615,  4to.  In  Latin,  1616,  4to,  entitled  De 
Praesulibus  Angliae  Commentarius,  <fcc. ;  Appendix,  <fec.  2 
sheets  in  4to,  1621-22.  With  a  Contin.  by  Dr.  Richard 
son,  1743,  fol. 

"  For  the  writing  of  which  Q.  Elizabeth  immediately  preferi^c 
him  to  the  bishoprick  of  Llandaff."— Athen.  Oxon. 

Wood  refers  to  Godwin's  first  ed.,  1601, 4to.  See  Athen 
Oxon.  for  an  account  of  the  subsequent  improvements,  anc 
for  titles  and  particulars,  of  Godwin's  other  works.  It  is  a 
curious  fact  that  the  first  ed.  of  his  catalogue  caused  Queen 
Elizabeth  to  give  him  the  bishopric  of  Llandaff,  and  th 


GOD 

ast  was  rewarded  by  King  Jaines  with  the  bishopric  of 
Hereford.  3.  Annales  Rerum  Anglicarum  Henrico  VIII., 
Mward  VI.,  et  Maria  Regnantibus,  1616,  fol.;  1628,  4to. 
Crans.  by  his  son,  Morgan  Godwin,  and  pub.  as  Annals  of 
England,  Ac.,  1630,  '76,  fol.  4.  Nuncius  Inanimatus,  (or 
;he  Inanimate  Messenger,)  1629,  8vo;  1657.  Trans,  by 
Dr.  Thos.  Smith,  and  pub.  with  The  Man  in  the  Moon. 
This  is  supposed  to  have  given  rise  to  Bp.  Wilkins's  Mer 
cury,  or  Secret  and  Swift  Messenger.  Godwin  hints  at  an 
art  by  which  messages  may  be  conveyed  many  miles  with 
incredible  swiftness.  5.  Value  of  the  Roman  Sesterce,  and 
Attic  Talent,  1630.  6.  The  Man  in  the  Moon;  or,  a  Dis 
course  of  a  Voyage  thither  by  Domingo  Gonzales,  written 
between  1599  and  1603,  [see  No.  4,]  Perth,  1638,  8vo. 
Several  eds. 

It  was  translated  in  French,  and  became  the  model  of  Cyrano 
de  Bergerac,  as  he  was  of  Swift.  Godwin  himself  had  no  prototype, 
as  far  as  I  know,  but  Lucian.  He  resembles  those  writers  in  the 
natural  and  veracious  tone  of  his  lies.  The  fiction  is  rather  inge 
nious  and  amusing  throughout ;  but  the  most  remarkable  part  is 
the  happy  conjectures,  if  we  must  say  no  more,  of  his  philosophy. 
Not  only  does  the  writer  declare  positively  for  the  Copernican  sys 
tem,  which  was  uncommon  at  that  time,  but  he  has  surprisingly 
understood  the  principle  of  gravitation,  it  being  distinctly  supposed 
that  the  earth's  attraction  diminishes  with  the  distance."— Hat- 
lam's  Lit.  Hist,  of  Europe. 

7.  Life  and  Reign  of  Q.  Mary  of  England.  See  Rennet's 
Collections,  vol.  ii.  329,  1706. 

"  A  person  also  he  was  so  celebrated  by  many  in  his  time,  whether 
at  home  or  beyond  the  seas,  that  his  memory  cannot  otherwise  but 
be  precious  in  succeeding  ages,  for  his  indefatigable  pains  and  travel 
in  collecting  the  succession  of  all  the  bishops  of  England  and  Wales, 
since  the  first  planting  of  the  gospel  among  the  Christians  not  pre- 
termitting  such  of  the  British  church,  or  any  that  have  been  re 
membered  by  the  care  and  diligence  of  preceding  writers,  or  had 
been  kept  in  memory  in  any  old  monument  or  record." — Athfn. 
Oxon. 

"  The  church  of  Llandaff  was  much  beholding  to  him ;  yea,  the 
whole  church  of  England;  yea,  the  whole  church  militant;  yea, 
many  now  in  the  church  triumphant  had  had  their  memories 
utterly  lost  on  earth,  if  not  preserved  by  his  painful  endeavours 
in  his  Catalogue  of  English  Bishops."— Fuller's  Worthies  ofNortltr 
amptonshire. 

Godwin,  George.  Facts  and  Fancies;  a  Collection 
of  Tales  and  Sketches,  Lon.,  1844,  p.  8vo. 

"  A  pleasant  volume  of  light  reading.    Those  who  are  weary  of 
every-day  facts  and  the  conventional  fictions  of  real  life,  may  find 
relief  and  amusement  in  the  Facts  and  Fancies  of  Mr.  Godwin." — 
Westminster  Review, 
Other  works. 

Godwin,  Mary  Wollstonecraft,  1759-1797,  a  na 
tive  of  London  or  its  vicinity,  was  the  daughter  of  a  person 
who  was  alternately  a  tradesman  and  a  farmer,  without 
much  profit  from  either  occupation.  There  seems  to  have 
been  an  entire  absence  of  all  proper  discipline  in  the  house 
hold  of  this  vacillating  individual,  and  to  this  fact  is  doubt 
less  to  be  imputed  the  beginning  of  many  faults  exhibited 
in  Mary's  wayward  career.  After  residing  for  some  time 
as  a  companion  to  a  lady  at  Bath,  in  1783,  assisted  by  her 
two  sisters  and  a  friend,  she  established  a  day-school  at 
Islington ;  but  in  a  few  months  removed  her  seminary  to 
Newington  Green. 

A  trip  to  Lisbon  interrupted  her  professional  duties,  and  on 
her  return  she  abandoned  the  school,  and  accepted  the  situa 
tion  of  a  governess  in  the  family  of  Lord  Kingsborough, 
where  she  remained  until  1787.  In  1786  she  pub.  Thoughts 
on  the  Education  of  Daughters,  which  was  followed  by 
Mary,  a  fiction;  Original  Stories  from  Real  Life;  the  Fe 
male  Reader;  trans,  and  abridgments  of  Salzman's  Ele 
ments  of  Morality,  Lavater's  Physiognomy,  <fcc. ;  and  some 
articles  in  the  Analytical  Review.  In  1791  she  acquired 
considerable  notoriety  by  the  publication  of  her  Answer 
to  Burke's  Reflections  on  the  French  Revolution,  and  her 
Vindication  of  the  Rights  of  Women.  She  now  mixed  a 
good  deal  in  literary  society,  and,  unaccustomed  to  restrain 
any  feeling  which  happened  to  be  uppermost,  cherished  an 
attachment  for  Fuseli,  the  artist,  who  was  already  married 
and  very  properly  discouraged  the  advances  of  his  enthu 
siastic  admirer.  Disgusted  with  the  world,  and  perhaps 
with  herself,  Miss  Wollstonecraft  left  England,  and  in  1792 
we  find  her  in  France,  where  she  formed  an  alliance — not 
of  the  most  irreproachable  character — with  Mr.  Imlay,  an 
American.  She  was  now  perfectly  satisfied,  or  professed 
to  be  so;  but  Mr.  Imlay  was  not:  he  abandoned  her  to 
loneliness,  and  in  her  despair  she  made  two  attempts  upon 
her  own  life.  An  acquaintance  with  Mr.  William  Godwin, 
soon  to  be  noticed  in  our  work,  restored  her  to  her  former 
equanimity ;  and  this  acquaintance — in  accordance  with  the 
lady's  ideas  of  the  Rights  of  Women — soon  ripened  into 
relations  of  the  most  intimate  character,  but  without  the 
usual  formalities  of  legal  sanction  and  priestly  benediction. 
After  residing  together  for  about  six  months,  the  two 


GOD 


GOD 


friends  were  united  by  marriage.  Mrs.  Godwin  died  in 
September,  1797,  leaving  an  infant  daughter,  who  became 
the  wife  of  Percy  Bysshe  Shelley. 

In  addition  to  the  works  noticed  above,  Mrs.  Godwin 
pub.  A  Moral  and  Historical  Relation  of  the  French  Revo 
lution — one  vol.  only  appeared; — Letters  from  Sweden, 
Norway,  and  Denmark,  1796;  Young  Grandison;  a  trans, 
of  Necker  on  the  Importance  of  Religious  Opinions.  After 
her  death  Mr.  Godwin  pub.  her  Miscellanies,  Letters,  and 
an  unfinished  novel,  with  a  Life  of  the  author,  1798, 4  vols. 
12ino,  and  1  vol.  8vo. 

"  Mr.  Godwin  wrote  and  published  the  Memoirs  of  Mary  Woll- 
stonecraft,  a  work  disreputable  to  his  name,  as  well  as  that  of  his 
wife;  she  appears  to  have  been  grossly  irreligious,  indelicate,  and 
dissolute."— ion.  Gent.  Mag.,  June,  1836. 

Lawrence's  Empire  of  the  Nairs;  or,  the  Rights  of  Wo 
man;  an  Utopian  Romance,  1813,  4  vols.  12mo,  adopts  the 
anti-marriage  theory  of  Mrs.  Godwin.  Such  speculations 
would  provoke  ridicule,  were  they  not  too  mischievous  to 
be  laughed  at. 

"  No  woman  (with  the  exception  of  the  greatest  woman,  Madame 
de  Stael)  has  made  any  impression  on  the  public  mind  during  the 
last  fifty  years,  to  be  compared  with  Mrs.  Godwin.  This  was  per 
haps  more  especially  true  in  the  provinces,  where  her  new  and 
startling  doctrines  were  seized  with  avidity,  and  acted  upon  in 
some  particulars  to  considerable  extent,  particularly  by  married 
women.  .  .  .  She  was,  I  have  been  told  by  an  intimate  friend,  very 
pretty  and  feminine  in  manners  and  person;  much  attached  to 
those  very  observances  she  decries  in  her  works ;  so  that  if  any 
gentleman  did  not  fly  to  open  the  door  as  she  approached  it,  or 
take  up  the  handkerchief  she  dropped,  she  showered  on  him  the 
full  weight  of  reproach  and  displeasure;  an  inconsistency  she 
would  have  doubtless  despised  in  a  disciple.  I  have  heard  the 
late  Miss  Jewsbury  express  an  intention  of  so  remodelling  the 
Eights  of  Women,  that  it  would  not  fail  to  become  attractive,  and 
she  thought  useful." — Communication  in  Mrs.  ElwoocFs  Literary 
Ladies  of  Eng. 

"  He  [Coleridge]  asked  me  if  I  had  ever  seen  Mary  Wollstonecraft, 
and  I  said,  I  had  once  for  a  few  moments,  and  that  she  seemed  to 
me  to  turn  off  Godwin's  objection  to  something  she  advanced  with 
quite  a  playful,  easy  air.  He  replied  that  '  this  was  only  one  in 
stance  of  the  ascendency  which  people  of  imagination  exercised 
over  those  of  mere  intellect.'  He  did  not  rate  Godwin  high,  (this 
was  caprice,  or  prejudice  real  or  affected,)  but  he  had  a  great  idea 
of  Mrs.  Wollstonecraft's  powers  of  conversation ;  none  at  all  of  her 
talent  for  book-making." — HAZLITT:  My  First  Acquaintance  with 
Poets. 

Godwin,  Morgan,  d.  1645,  Archdeacon  of  Shropshire, 
a  son  of  Francis  Godwin,  D.D.,  trans.,  as  we  have  noticed, 
his  father's  Annales.  He  was  ejected  by  the  Parliamentary 
Commissioners,  and  his  family  reduced  to  distress. 

Godwin,  Morgan,  son  of  the  preceding,  became  a 
minister  of  Virginia  under  the  administration  of  Sir  Wm. 
Berkeley.  1.  The  Negroes'  and  Indians'  Advocate  suing 
for  their  admission  to  the  Church,  Lon.,  1680,  8vo. 
2.  Supplet.,  1681,  8vo.  3.  Serm.  rel.  to  the  Plantations; 
on  Jer.  ii.  34,  1685,  4to. 

Godwin,  Parke,  b.  February  25,  1816,  at  Paterson, 
New  Jersey,  is  a  son  of  General  Godwin,  an  officer  of  the 
war  of  1812,  and  a  grandson  of  a  soldier  of  the  American 
Revolution.  After  graduating  at  Princeton  College  in  1834, 
Mr.  G.  studied  law  and  was  admitted  to  practice,  but  found  a 
stronger  charm  in  the  cultivation  of  letters.  From  1837  to 
1853  he  assisted  his  celebrated  father-in-law,  William  C. 
Bryant,  in  the  editorial  duties  connected  with  the  New  York 
Evening  Post.  In  Feb.  1843,  he  commenced  the  publica 
tion  of  a  weekly  periodical  entitled  The  Pathfinder.  The 
title  proved  to  be  a  misnomer,  for,  although  admitted  to  be 
admirably  conducted,  it  failed  to  find  the  path  to  public 
favour,  and,  after  a  brief  existence  of  three  months  and 
fifteen  numbers,  it  expired.  Mr.  G.  has  pub.  Goethe's  Au 
tobiography,  trans,  and  edited ;  Zschokke's  Tales,  trans. ; 
a  Popular  View  of  the  Doctrines  of  Fourier;  Vala,  a 
Mythological  Tale;  Hand-Book  of  Universal  Biography, 
compiled  from  Maunder  and  other  authorities ;  pub.  as  one 
of  the  vols.  of  Putnam's  Home  Cyclopaedia;  Constructive 
Democracy ;  articles  in  the  Democratic  Review :  on  Shel 
ley;  Democracy;  Edward  Livingston;  Jeremy  Ben tham; 
Goethe;  Free  Trade;  William  Leggett;  Political  Econo 
my;  Washington  Irving;  Downing's  Landscape  Garden 
ing;  Carlyle's  Chartism;  England  and  China;  Journalism; 
The  Loggerheads;  Bryant's  Poems;  American  Poetry,  <fcc.; 
also  articles  in  Putnam's  Monthly  Mag. :  on  American 
Authors;  The  Works  of  American  Statesmen;  Our  New 
President;  Parties  and  Politics;  Annexation;  What  im 
pression  do  we  make  abroad  ?  The  Pacific  Railroad ;  The 
Know  Nothings ;  How  they  manage  in  Europe ;  Comte's 
Philosophy;  A  Few  Days  in  Vienna;  From  Venice  to  i 
Vienna;  A  Day  on  the  Danube;  French  Almanacs;  A 
Letter  to  John  Bull ;  The  Eastern  Question,  <fec. ;  and  most 
of  the  editorial  notes. 

Mr.  Godwin  has  in  preparation  (we  are  glad  to  state)  a 


work  on  The  History  of  France,  to  which  he  has  devoted 
many  years,  one  on  the  Nineteenth  Century,  with  its  Lead 
ing  Men  and  Movements,  and  a  book  of  Travels,  to  be  en 
titled  A  Winter  Harvest,  giving  an  account  of  interviews 
with  a  number  of  French  and  English  political  reformers. 

Godwin,  Richard.     Religious  Zeal,  Lon.,  1780. 

Godwin,  Thomas,  1587-1643,  a  native  of  Somerset 
shire,  entered  at  Magdalen  Hall,  Oxf.,  1602;  chief  master 
of  the  Free  School  at  Abingdon,  1609;  became  Rector  of 
Brightwell,  Berkshire,  and  resigned  his  school.  1.  Ro- 
manae  Historiae  Anthologia;  an  Eng.  Expos,  of  the  Roman 
Antiquities,  Oxf.,  1613,  '23,  '25,  '33,  4to;  Lon.,  1658,  '68, 
'85;  16th  ed.,  1686,  4to;  1668,  '86,  8vo.  A  valuable  work 
in  its  day.  2.  Moses  and  Aaron,  or  the  Civil  and  Eccle 
siastical  Rites  used  among  the  Ancient  Hebrews  observed 
and  at  large  opened  for  the  clearing  of  many  obscure  Texts 
throughout  the  whole  Scripture,  Lon.,  1614,  4to ;  Oxf., 
1616,  '22,  '25,  '28,  4to;  Lon.,  1655,  '62,  '68,  '72;  12th  ed., 
1685,  4to ;  in  Latin,  Ultraj.,  1690,  '98,  8vo;  Franeker,  1710, 
12moj  Francf.,  1716,  12mo;  Lugd.  Bat.,  1723,  '24,  8vo. 

"It  was  also  translated  into  Latin  by  Reiz,  and  published  with 
his  notes  in  1679.  It  was  edited  in  1694,  by  the  celebrated  Wit- 
sius,  who  added  two  dissertations,  one  on  the  theocracy  of  Israel, 
and  another  on  the  Rechabites.  Hottinger  published  it  with  con 
siderable  additions  and  improvements  in  1710.  Carpzov's  Appa 
ratus  of  Hebrew  Antiquities  ['The  most  elaborate  system  of  Jew 
ish  antiquities,  perhaps,  that  is  extant.— Home's  Bibl.  Bib.']  is  a 
learned  commentary  on  it ;  and  Jenning's  work  on  Jewish  Anti 
quities  is  of  the  same  nature.  It  is,  on  the  whole,  a  valuable  and 
accurate  work.  There  is  often  bound  up  with  it  a  work  on  Roman 
Antiquities,  by  the  same  writer,  and  another  on  Grecian  Antiqui 
ties,  by  Francis  Rous,  the  four  last  chapters  of  which  were  written 
by  the  learned  Zachary  Bogan.  The  whole  form  a  useful  and  not 
expensive  body  of  antiquities." — Orme's  Bibl.  Bib. 

Moses  and  Aaron  is  recommended  by  the  celebrated 
Witsius. 

3.  Synopsis  Antiquitatum  Hebraicarum,  in  iii.  lib.,  Oxon., 
1616,  4to.  4.  Florilegium  Phrasicon ;  or,  A  Survey  of  the 
Latin  Tongue,  for  the  use  of  his  School.  5.  Three  Argu 
ments  to  prove  Election  upon  Foresight  by  Faith.  This 
occasioned  a  controversy  with  Dr.  Wm.  Twisse,  of  New- 
bury,  Berkshire,  in  which  Godwin  is  thought  to  have  been 
confuted. 

"  The  presbyterian  writers  [Geo.  Kendal  and  Dr.  Saml.  Clarke] 
say  that  tho'  Dr.  Godwin  was  a  very  learned  man  in  the  antiqui 
ties  of  the  Hebrews,  Greeks,  and  Latins,  yet  he  was  fitter  to  in 
struct  Grammarians  than  deal  with  logicians,  and  had  more 
power  as  master  of  a  school  at  Abingdon  than  as  a  doctor  of  divi 
nity.  They  further  add,  also,  that  Twisse  did,  by  his  writings 
and  disputes,  whip  this  old  schoolmaster,  and  wrested  that  ferula 
out  of  his  hands  which  he  had  enough  used  with  pride,  and  ex- 
pos'd  him  to  be  derided  by  boys." — Athen.  Oxon. 

Godwin,  Thomas.  1.  Catholics  no  Idolaters ;  against 
Dr.  Stillingfleet's  charge  of  idolatry  against  the  Ch.  of 
Rome,  Lon.,  1672,  8vo.  2.  Discharge  to  Dr.  Stillingfleet's 
charge  of  Idolatry  against  the  Ch.of  Rome,  Paris,  1677, 8vo. 

Godwin,  Timothy,  Bishop  of  Kilmore  and  Ardagh. 
1.  Serms.  on  Ps.  xcviii.  1.  2.  Serms.  on  Ezek.  xvii.  19, 
1716,  4to.  3.  Serms.  on  Heb.  xiii.  16,  1724,  4to. 

Godwin,  William,  1756-1836,  a  native  of  Wise- 
beach,  Cambridgeshire,  where  his  father  was  a  dissenting 
minister,  was  educated  at  the  Dissenting  College,  Hoxton, 
where  he  remained  for  above  five  years,  under  the  tuition 
of  Doctors  Rees  and  Kippis.  In  1778  Godwin  became 
minister  to  a  dissenting  congregation  near  London,  and 
soon  afterwards  took  charge  of  a  meeting-house  at  Stow- 
market,  Suffolk.  In  1782  he  determined  to  relinquish  the 
ministry  and  seek  a  livelihood  by  the  use  of  his  pen,  and 
accordingly  he  removed  to  London  as  a  permanent  resi 
dence.  For  the  particulars  of  his  social  life,  we  must 
refer  the  reader  to  the  detailed  account  pub.  in  the  Lon 
don  Gent.  Mag.  for  June,  1836,  shortly  after  his  decease. 
This  account  is  principally  derived  from  a  sketch,  bio- 

fraphical  and  critical,  prefixed  to  the  novel  of  Caleb 
Williams,  pub.  in  Bentley's  Standard  Novels.  We  need 
only  remark,  here,  that  in  1797  he  became  the  husband 
of  a  woman  of  notoriously  bad  character — Mary  Woll 
stonecraft  (see  ante) — with  whom  he  had  previously  lived 
on  disreputable  terms,  and  after  her  death  was  again 
married.  He  was  once  principal  conductor  of  the  New 
Annual  Register,  for  a  time  a  bookseller,  frequently  a 
member  of  distinguished  literary  circles,  and  always  a 
lover  of  letters.  His  few  last  years  were  rendered  inde 
pendent  by  an  appointment  to  the  sinecure  office  of  Yeo 
man  Usher  of  the  Exchequer.  He  had  considerable  abili 
ties,  little  judgment,  and  less  wisdom ;  and  in  his  efforts 
for  reform  lacked  that  foundation  without  which  all  such 
attempts  are  hopeless — a  recognition  of  man's  moral  de 
pravity,  and  the  necessity  of  maintaining  a  constant  sense 
of  strict  accountability  to  his  Maker.  We  proceed  to 
notice  his  publications : 


GOD 

1.  Sketches  of  History,  in  Six  Serms.,  Lon.,  1784, 12mo. 
2.  An  Enquiry  concerning  Political  Justice,  and  its  Influ 
ence  on  General  Virtue  and  Happiness,  1793,  2  vols.  4to; 
3d  ed.,  1797,  2  vols.  8vo.  For  this  work  he  received  £700. 
It  at  once  attracted  the  public  attention,  but  has  long 
been  neglected. 

"  No  work  in  our  time  gave  such  a  blow  to  the  philosophical 
mind  of  the  country  as  the  celebrated  Enquiry  concerning  Politi 
cal  Justice.  Tom  Paine  was  considered  for  the  time  as  a  Tom  tool 
;o  him;  Paley  an  old  woman;  Eduiund  Burke  a  flashy  sophist. 
Truth,  moral  truth,  it  was  supposed,  had  here  taken  up  its  abode; 
and  these  were  the  oracles  of  thought.  '  Throw  aside  your  books 
of  Chemistry,'  said  Wordsworth  to  a  young  man,  a  student  m  the 
Temple,  'and  read  Godwin  on  Necessity.'"— Hazlitffs  Spirit  of  the 

^This  was  a  bold  and  astounding  piece  of  writing,  a  very 
master-stroke  of  levelization,  pardonable  only  as  having  been  con 
ceived  in  the  madness  of  a  distracting  period  in  the  history  and 
affairs  of  Europe.  We  are  told  it  became  so  popular,  that  the 
poorest  mechanics  were  known  to  club  subscriptions  for  its  pur 
chase,  and  thus  was  it  directed  to  mine  and  eat  away  contentment 
from  a  nation's  roots.  In  a  very  short  time  the  author  himself 
saw  he  had  transgressed  the  bounds  of  prudence,  and  in  what 
was  called  a  second  edition  recanted  many  of  the  most  erroneous 
and  alarming  doctrines  of  the  first."— Biog.  Notice  in  Lon.  Gent. 
Mag.,  June,  1836,  666-670. 

"  You  supped  upon  Godwin  and  oysters  with  Carlisle.  Have 
you,  then,  read  Godwin  with  attention?  Give  me  your  thoughts 
of  his  book ;  for.  faulty  as  it  is  in  many  parts,  there  is  a  mass  of 
truth  in  it  that  must  make  every  man  think.  Godwin,  as  a  man, 
is  very  contemptible.  I  am  afraid  that  most  public  characters 
will  ill  endure  examination  in  their  private  lives.  .  .  .Do  not 
despise  Godwin  too  much.  ...  He  will  do  good  by  defending 
Atheism  in  print,  because  when  the  arguments  are  known  they 
may  be  easily  and  satisfactorily  answered."— Robert  Southey  to  G. 
C.  Bedford,  1795-96.  In  another  place  Southey  calls  Godwin  "  the 
Goliath  of  the  philosophical  Canaanites." 

"  His  Political  Justice,  with  all  the  extravagance  of  its  first 
edition,  or  with  all  the  inconsistencies  of  its  last,  is  a  noble  work, 
replete  with  lofty  principle  and  thought,  and  often  leading  to  the 
most  striking  results  by  a  process  of  the  severest  reasoning." — SIR 
T.  N.  TALFOURD:  Lon.  New  Month.  Mag.,  and  in  his  Grit,  and 
Miscett.  Writings. 

"I  cannot  but  consider  the  author  of  Political  Justice  as  a 
philosophical  reasoner  of  no  ordinary  stamp  or  pretensions.  That 
work,  whatever  its  defects  may  be,  is  distinguished  by  the  most 
acute  and  severe  logic,  and  by  the  utmost  boldness  of  thinking, 
founded  on  a  love  and  conviction  of  truth." — Haditt  on  the  Eng- 
Ush  Novelists. 

"  Whatever  may  be  its  mistakes,  which  we  shall  be  the  last  to 
underrate,  it  is  certain  that  works  in  which  errors  equally  dan 
gerous  are  maintained  with  far  less  ingenuity,  have  obtained  for 
their  authors  a  conspicuous  place  in  the  philosophical  history  of 
the  eighteenth  century." — SIR  JAMES  MACKINTOSH  :  Edin.  Rev.,  488, 
and  in  his  Misc.  Works. 

"  Seldom  has  so  bold,  powerful  and  collected  a  thinker  investi 
gated  questions  of  this  nature.  His  Inquiry  is  scarcely  tinged 
with  the  atmosphere  of  ordinary  life.  He  takes  up  the  subject 
like  a  new-comer  to  our  planet,  unswayed  either  by  habit  or  asso 
ciation.  His  work  may  be  described  as  the  application  of  intellect 
to  life.  The  result  was,  that  he  proved  that  reason  is  not  the  only 
guide,  and,  in  doing  this,  he  fulfilled  a  vast  though  negative  ser 
vice  ;  besides  incidentally  contributing  new  impulse  and  informa 
tion  to  the  cause  of  individual  culture  and  social  progress." — H.  T. 
TUCKERMAN:  Characteristics  of  Literature :  The  Reformer:  Godwin. 
"  The  influence  of  the  work  I  can  myself  remember.  In  any 
ordinary  state  of  the  world  it  must  have  fallen  lifeless  from  the 
press :  highly  metaphysical,  continually  running  into  general  ab 
stractions,  into  disquisitions,  never  ending  still  beginning,  no 
thing  was  ever  less  fitted  to  attract  a  reader  than  this  repulsive 
Inquiry  concerning  Political  Justice;  and  if  the  state  had  not 
been  out  of  joint,  most  assuredly  scarce  a  reader  would  have  been 
found.  Some  years  after,  when  the  success  of  the  work  had  been 
established,  Mr.  Burke  was  asked  whether  he  had  seen  it.  '  Why, 
yes,  I  have  seen  it,'  was  the  answer,  '  and  a  mighty  stupid-looking 
book  it  is.'  No  two  words  could  better  have  described  it.  The 
late  excellent  Sir  Samuel  Romilly,  who  had  then  leisure  to  read 
every  thing,  told  a  friend  who  had  never  heard  of  it,  that  there 
had  just  appeared  a  book,  by  far  the  most  absurd  that  had  ever 
come  within  his  knowledge,  (this  was  the  work  of  Godwin ;)  and 
Mrs.  Barbauld,  who  at  length,  by  the  progress  of  its  doctrines, 
was  compelled  to  look  at  it,  declared,  that  what  was  good  in  the 
book  was  chiefly  taken  from  Hume;  and  that  it  was  'borrowed 
sense,  and  original  nonsense.'  ...  It  is  no  longer  possible,  I 
think,  to  read  the  book :  the  world  is  now  in  a  more  settled  state, 
and  people  no  longer  make  '  inquiries  concerning  political  justice, 
and  its  influence  on  morals  and  happiness,'  according  to  the  title 
of  his  book.  I  will  therefore  endeavour  to  give  you  some  general 
notion  of  the  leading  principles  of  the  work,  in  the  most  concise 
manner  I  am  able. 

«  This  sentence  was  written  many  years  ago,  like  the  rest  of  the 
lectures  I  am  now  delivering;  but,  as  I  mentioned  in  my  intro 
ductory  lecture  to  this  course,  I  have  lived  to  see  all  the  doctrines 
of  Godwin  revived.  They  are  the  same  as  those  which  now  infest 
the  world  and  disgrace  the  human  understanding,  delivered  by 
Mr.  Owen,  by  the  Chartists,  the  St.  Simonians,  &c.  &c.,  and  by 
many  other  political  theorists,  in  these  kingdoms,  in  France,  on 
the  continent,  and  the  'Workees,'  as  they  call  themselves,  in 
America.  .  .  .  Books  like  Mr.  Godwin's  (and  I  have  therefore 
called  your  attention  to  his  work,  merely  as  a  specimen  of  al 
other  revolutionary  works  and  reasonings)  have  a  fatal  tendency 
to  animate  and  exasperate  men  of  sanguine  and  benevolenl 
minds  with  false  ideas  of  the  perfectibility  of  human  nature,  and 
erroneous  estimates  of  the  evils  they  see  existing ;  they  create  in 
684 


GOD 

iem  a  hasty,  unreasonable  impatience  and  scorn  for  the  more 
umhle  and  unassuming  principles  upon  which  those  who  would 
meliorate  the  condition  of  their  fellow-creatures  must  proceed; 
they  prepare  the  way  for  the  appearance  and  success  of  daring 
nd  had  men ;  of  revolutionists  of  the  worst  description ;  and  while 
hey  profess  to  further  the  great  cause  of  liberty,  and  the  improve 
ment  of  mankind,  they  bring  into  suspicion  and  contempt  some 
f  the  noblest  and  best  virtues  of  the  human  character;  they 
make    patriotism  useless,  and  benevolence  ridiculous." — Prof. 
Smyth's  Lects.  an  the  Hist,  of  the  French  Revolution.    See  Green's 
Sxamination  of  Godwin's  Political  Justice,  &c.,  Lon.,  1798,  8vo. 

Sir  Walter  Scott,  who  had  the  same  difficulty  in  "  sparing 
or  passing  by  a  jest,"  when  writing,  that  Lord  Bacon  had 
when  speaking,  thus  pleasantly  rallies  Godwin  upon  the 
maxims  of  property  contained  in  his  Political  Justice. 
The  remark  occurs  in  Scott's  review  of  Godwin's  Life  of 
Chaucer,  and  refers  to  the  biographer's  complaint  that  the 
owners  of  libraries  refused  to  lend  him  the  books  which 
le  required  for  consultation  : 

"We  cannot  help  remarking  that  the  principles  of  a  modern 
_  hilosopher  continue  to  charm  the  public  after  the  good  man  him 
self  has  abandoned  them ;  just  as  the  very  truest  tale  will  some- 
imes  be  distrusted  from  the  habitual  falsehood  of  the  narrator. 
tVe  fear  this  may  have  incommoded  Mr.  Godwin  in  his  antiquarian 
researches,  more  than  he  seems  to  be  aware  of.  When  he  com- 
alains  that  private  collectors  decline  '  to  part  with  their  treasures 
for  a  short  time  out  of  their  own  hands,'  did  it  never  occur  to  Mr. 
3odwin  that  the  maxims  concerning  property,  contained  in  his 
Political  Justice,  were  not  altogether  calculated  to  conciliate  confi 
dence  in  the  author?"— Win.  Rev.,  iii.  437-452. 

3.  Things  as  they  are,  or  the  Adventures  of  Caleb 
Williams;  a  Novel,  1794,  3  vols.  12mo  ;  1796,  3  vols.  12mo; 
1816,  3  vols.  12mo;  1832, 12mo;  1849, 12mo;  1854,  fp.  8vo. 
This  work  has  also  a  political  tendency: 

A  general  review  of  the  modes  of  domestic  despotism,  by  which 
man  becomes  the  destroyer  of  man." 

The  author  received  for  it  the  small  sum  of  £84. 

"A  master-piece,  both  as  to  invention  and  execution.  The  ro 
mantic  and  chivalrous  principle  of  the  love  of  personal  fame  is 
jmbodied  in  the  finest  possible  manner  in  the  character  of  Falk- 
~.and;  as  in  Caleb  Williams,  (who  is  not  the  first,  but  the  second 
;haracter  in  the  piece,)  we  see  the  very  demon  of  curiosity  personi 
fied.  Perhaps  the  art  with  which  these  two  characters  are  con 
trived  to  relieve  and  set  off  each  other  has  never  been  surpassed 
n  any  work  of  fiction,  with  the  exception  of  the  immortal  satire 
of  Cervantes." — HazliWs  Spirit  of  the  Age.. 

There  is  not  a  moment's  pause  in  the  action  or  sentiment ;  the 
breath  is  suspended,  the  faculties  are  wound  up  to  the  highest 
pitch  as  we  read.  Page  after  page  is  greedily  devoured.  There  is 
no  laying  down  the  book  till  we  come  to  the  end,  and  even  then 
the  words  still  ring  in  our  ears,  nor  do  the  mental  apparitions  ever 
pass  away  from  the  eye  of  memory." — Edin.  Rev. 

"  Caleb  Williams,  the  earliest,  is  also  the  most  popular,  of  our 
author's  romances,  not  because  his  latter  works  have  been  less 
rich  in  sentiment  and  passion,  but  because  .they  are,  for  the  most 
part,  confined  to  the  development  of  single  characters;  while  in 
this  there  is  the  opposition  and  death-grapple  of  two  beings,  each 
endowed  with  poignant  sensibilities  and  quenchless  energy.  There 
is  no  work  of  fiction  which  more  rivets  the  attention — no  tragedy 
which  exhibits  a  struggle  more  sublime  or  sufferings  more  in 
tense  than  this ;  yet  to  produce  the  effect,  no  complicated  machinery 
is  employed,  but  the  springs  of  action  are  few  and  simple.  The 
motives  are  at  once  common  and  elevated,  and  are  purely  intel 
lectual,  without  appearing  for  an  instant  inadequate  to  their 
mighty  issues." — SIB  T.  N.  TALFOUED:  New  Month.  Mag.,  and  in 
his  Grit,  and  Miscell.  Writings. 

Mr.  Gilfillan  also  commends  Caleb  Williams  in  the 
most  eulogistic  terms,  and  is  taken  to  task  for  his  enthu 
siasm  by  Mr.  De  Quincey,  who  remarks  : 

"It  happens,  however,  that  other  men  of  talent  have  raised 
Caleb  Williams  to  a  station  in  the  first  rank  of  novels :  whilst 
many  more,  amongst  whom  I  am  compelled  to  class  myself,  can 
see  in  it  no  merit  of  any  kind." 

Read  this  article,  which  is  sufficiently  amusing,  in  De 
Quincey's  Essays  on  the  Poets  and  other  English  Writers. 

"  Few  there  are  who  do  not  enter  into  and  understand  the  work 
ings  of  the  mind  of  Caleb  Williams,  where  the  demon  of  curiosity, 
finding  a  youth  of  an  active  and  speculative  disposition,  without 
guide  to  advise,  or  business  to  occupy  him,  engages  his  thoughts 
and  his  time  upon  the  task  of  prying  into  a  mystery  which  noway 
concerned  him,  and  which  from  the  beginning  he  had  a  well- 
founded  conviction  might  prove  fatal  to  him  should  he  ever  pene 
trate  it.  The  chivalrous  frenzy  of  Falkland,  in  the  same  piece, 
though  perhaps  awkwardly  united  with  the  character  of  an  assas 
sin,  that  love  of  fame  to  which  he  sacrifices  honour  and  virtue,  is 
another  instance  of  a  humour,  or  turn  of  mind,  which,  like  stained 
glass,  colours  with  its  own  peculiar  tinge  every  object  beheld  by 
the  party." — SIR  WALTER  SCOTT  :  Blackwood's  Mag.,  xx.  53. 

"  Caleb  Williams  is  the  cream  of  his  mind,  the  rest  are  the 
skimmed  milk ;  yet  in  that  wondrous  novel  all  must  be  offended 
with  the  unnatural  and  improbable  character  of  Falkland :  the 
most  accomplished,  the  most  heroical  and  lofty-minded  of  men 
murders  one  who  had  affronted  him,  allows  others  to  hang  for  the 
deed,  and  persecutes  to  the  brink  of  ruin  a  man  whose  sole  sin 
was  a  desire  to  penetrate  through  the  mystery  in  which  this  pro 
digy  of  vice  and  virtue  had  wrapped  himself.  Williams  suffers 
merely  because  it  was  necessary  for  the  story  that  he  should ;  a 
single  word  would  have  set  all  right  and  saved  him  from  much 
unnatural  terror.  In  short,  the  fault  is,  that  the  actions  which 
the  dramatis  persona,  perform  are  not  in  keeping  with  their  cha 
racters." — ALLAN  CUNNINGHAM  :  Biog.  and  Grit.  Hist,  of  the  Lit.  of 
the  last  Fifty  Years.  See  ^o.  18. 


GOD 

"Caleb  Williams  is  probably  the  finest  novel  produced  by  a 
man,— at  least  since  the  Vicar  of  Wakefield.  The  sentiments,  if 
not  the  opinions,  from  which  it  arose,  were  transient.  Local 
usages  and  institutions  were  the  subjects  of  its  satire,  exaggerated 
beyond  the  usual  privilege  of  that  species  of  writing.  Yet  it  has 
been  translated  into  most  languages,  and  it  has  appeared  in  va 
rious  forms  on  the  theatres  not  only  of  England,  but  of  France 
and  Germany.  There  is  scarcely  a  Continental  circulating  library 
in  which  it  is  not  one  of  the  books  which  most  quickly  require  to 
be  replaced.  .  .  .  There  is  scarcely  a  fiction  in  any  language  which 
it  is  so  difficult  to  lay  down.  ...  The  passages  which  betray  the 
metaphysician  more  than  the  novelist  ought  to  be  weeded  out 
with  more  than  ordinary  care."— SIR  JAMES  MACKINTOSH:  £dm. 
Rev.,  xxv.  485-486,  and  in  his  Miscdl.  Writings. 

4.  Cursory  Strictures  on  the  Charge  delivered  by  Lord 
Chief-Justice  Eyre  to  the  Grand  Jury,  Oct.  2,  1794,  8vo. 
This  refers  to  the  trial  of  Holcroft,  Thelwall,  and  other 
would-be  political  reformers,  who  were  tried  for  high  trea 
son.  Godwin's  pamphlet  is  thought  to  have  secured  their 
acquittal.  See  No.  11.  5.  The  Enquirer :  Keflections  on 
Education,  Manners  and  Literature,  in  a  series  of  Essays, 

1797,  8vo;  1823,  12mo.     6.  Memoirs  of  Mary  Wollstone- 
craft   Godwin,   1798,   8vo.     7.  Her   Posthumous   Works, 

1798,  4  vols.  12mo.     See  our  article  on  this  person,  and 
see  No.  11  in  this  biography.     8.  St.  Leon ;  a  Tale  of  the 
16th  century,  1799,  4  vols.  12mo;  1832,  12mo;  1849, 12mo. 
This  title  was  much  ridiculed,  and  a  humorous  counter 
part  to  St.  Leon  was  pub.  under  the  name  of  St.  Godwin  : 
a  Tale  of  the  16th,  17th,  and  18th  century,  by  Count  Regi 
nald  de  St.  Leon,  1800,  12mo.     But  Mr.  Godwin  had  the 
laugh  on  his  side,  for  he  received  400  guineas  for  his  copy 
right. 

"In  St.  Leon  Mr.  Godwin  has  sought  the  stores  of  the  super 
natural  ;— but  the  '  metaphysical  aid'  which  he  has  condescended 
to  accept,  is  not  adapted  to  carry  him  farther  from  nature,  but  to 
ensure  a  more  intimate  and  wide  communion  with  its  mysteries. 
His  hero  does  not  acquire  the  philosopher's  stone  and  the  elixir 
of  immortality  to  furnish  out  for  himself  a  dainty  solitude,  where 
he  may  dwell,  soothed  with  the  music  of  his  own  undying 
thoughts,  and  rejoicing  in  his  severance  from  his  frail  and  transi 
tory  fellows." — SIB  T.  N.  TALFOURD  :  New  Month.  Mag.,  and  in  his 
Grit,  and  Miscdl.  Writings. 

"  After  Caleb  Williams,  it  would  be  injustice  to  Mr.  Godwin  to 
mention  St.  Leon,  where  the  marvellous  is  employed  too  fre 
quently  to  excite  wonder,  and  the  terrible  is  introduced  till  we 
have  become  familiar  with  terror.  The  description  of  Bethlem 
Gabor,  however,  recalled  to  our  mind  the  author  of  Caleb  Wil 
liams  ;  nor,  upon  the  whole,  was  the  romance  such  as  could  have 
been  written  by  quite  an  ordinary  pen." — Edin.  JKev.,  vi.  182,  See 
No.  18. 

9.  Antonio,  or  The  Soldier's  Return;  a  Tragedy,  Lon. 
1801,  8vo. 

"  A  miracle  of  dulness." — SIR  T.  N.  TALFOURD. 
And  so  the  audience  thought;  for,  after  being  bored  be 
yond  endurance,  human  nature  gave  way,  and  they  hootec 
the  actors  from  the  stage,  in  the  presence  of  the  unhappy 
author.  Talfourd  gives  an  amusing  account  of  the  equa 
nimity  displayed  by  Godwin  on  this  trying  occasion 
10.  Thoughts  on  Dr.  Parr's  Spital  Serm.,  1802,  8vo. 

"  A  clever  though  disordered  composition." — Lon.  Gent.  Mag. 
June,  1836. 

11.  The  Life  of  Geoffrey  Chaucer,  Ac.,  1803,  2  vols.  4to 
2d  ed.,  1804,  4  vols.  8vo.     We  have  already  referred  to  this 
work,  both  in  the  present  article  and  in  our  life  of  Chaucer 
but  cannot  let  it  pass  without  adding  a  few  lines. 

"  In  his  Life  of  Mary  Wollstonecraft  he  has  written  little  an 
said  much ;  and  in  his  account  of  Chaucer,  he  has  written  mucl 
and  said  little.  ...  It  has  been  said  that  a  spoonful  of  truth  wil 
colour  an  ocean  of  fiction ;  and  so  it  is  seen  in  Godwin's  Life  ol 
Chaucer :  he  heaps  conjecture  upon  conjecture — dream  upon  dream 
— theory  upon  theory ;  scatters  learning  all  around,  and  show 
everywhere  a  deep  "Sense  of  the  merits  of  the  poet;  yet  all  that  h 
has  related  might  have  been  told  in  a  twentieth  part  of  the  spac 
which  he  has  taken."— ALLAN  CUNNINQHAM  :  Biog.  and  Grit.  Hist 
of  the  Lit.  of  the  Last  Fifty  Years. 

"  The  perusal  of  this  title  excited  no  small  surprise  in  our  critica 
fraternity.  The  authenticated  passages  of  Chaucer's  life  may  b 
comprised  in  half  a  dozen  pages ;  and  behold  two  voluminous  quar 
tosl  .  .  .  We  have  said  that  Mr.  Godwin  had  two  modes  of  wire 
drawing  and  prolonging  his  narrative.  The  first  is,  as  we  hav 
seen,  by  hooking  in  the  description  and  history  of  every  thin^ 
that  existed  upon  earth  at  the  same  time  with  Chaucer.  In  thi 
kind  of  composition,  we  usually  lose  sight  entirely  of  the  propose 
subject  of  Mr.  Godwin's  lucubrations,  travelling  to  Rome  or  Pales 
tine  with  as  little  remorse  as  if  poor  Chaucer  had  never  been  men 
tioned  in  the  title-page.  The  second  mode  is  considerably  mor 
ingenious,  and  consists  in  making  old  Geoffrey  accompany  th 
author  upon  these  striking  excursions.  For  example,  Mr.  Godwi 
has  a  fancy  to  describe  a  judicial  trial.  Nothing  can  be  more  easil 
introduced;  for  Chaucer  certainly  studied  at  the  Temple,  and  ; 
supposed  to  have  been  bred  to  the  bar." — SIR  WALTER  SCOTT  :  Edin 
Rev.,  iii.  437^52. 

Read  the  whole  of  this  amusing  review,  which  is  redo 
lent  of  that  exquisite  humour  in  which  the  great  magicia 
was  certainly  never  surpassed. 

"  His  Life  of  Chaucer  would  have  given  celebrity  to  any  man  o 
letters  possessed  of  three  thousand  a  year,  with  leisure  to  wrii 
quartos :  as  the  legal  acuteness  in  his  Remarks  on  Judge  Eyre 


GOD 

Charge  to  the  Jury  would  have  raised  any  briefless  barrister  to  the 
eight  of  his  profession."— Hazlitfs  Spirit  of  the  Age. 

The  Life  of  Chaucer  should  by  no  means  be  neglected 
n  account  of  its  bulk,  which  perhaps  the  enthusiastic 
tudent  of  early  English  history  would  not  have  curtailed 
>y  a  single  page.  This  kind  of  desultory  gossip  is  no 
gnoble  treat  for  a  long  winter's  evening. 

12.  Fleetwood,  or  the*New  Man  of  Feeling;  a  Novel, 
805,  3  vols.  12mo;  1849,  12mo. 

"  There  is,  perhaps,  little  general  sympathy  with  the  over-strained 
elicacies  of  Fleetwood,  who,  like  Falkland  in  the  School  for  Scan- 
.al,  is  too  extravagant  in  his  peculiarities  to  deserve  the  reader's 
>ity."— SIR  WALTER  SCOTT  :  SlacLwood's  Mag.,  xx.  53. 

"  In  short,  the  New  Man  of  Feeling,  in  his  calm  moments  a  de 
termined  egotist,  is,  in  his  state  of  irritation,  a  frantic  madman, 
who  plays  on  a  barrel-organ  at  a  puppet-show,  till  he  and  the 
vooden  dramatis  persona  are  all  possessed  by  the  foul  fiend  Flib- 
aertigibbet,  who  presides  over  mopping  and  mowing." — Edin.  Rev., 
vi.  182-193. 

"  Fleetwood  has  less  of  our  author's  characteristic  energy  than 
any  other  of  his  works."— SIR  T.  N.  TALFOURD:  New  Month.  Mag., 
and  Crit.  and  Miscett.  Writings. 

13.  Faulkner ;  a  Tragedy,  1807,  '08,  8vo.     This  met  with 
;he  same  fate  as  Antonio  had  experienced;   see  No.  9. 
L4.  An  Essay  on  Sepulchres;  or,  a  Proposal  for  erecting 
some  Memorials  of  the  Illustrious  Dead  in  all  ages,  on  the 
spot  where  their  remains  have  been  interred,  1809,  cr.  8vo. 

"Of  all  Mr.  Godwin's  writings  the  choicest  in  point  of  style  is  a 
ittle  essay  on  Sepulchres.  Here  his  philosophic  thought,  sub 
dued  and  sweetened  by  the  contemplation  of  mortality,  is  breathed 
forth  in  the  gentlest  tone."— SIR  T.  N.  TALFOURD:  New  Month. 
Mag.,  and  in  7iis  Crit.  and  Miscdl.  Writings. 

15.  The  Life  of  the  Earl  of  Chatham.  See  an  amusing 
anecdote  connected  with  this  volume  in  Hazlitfs  Spirit  of 
the  Age,  article  WILLIAM  GODWIN.  16.  The  Lives  of  Ed 
ward  and  John  Phillips,  nephews  and  pupils  of  John 
Milton,  &c.,  1815,  4to. 

This  work  is  written  in  a  pleasing  style,  and  is  a  valuable  ac 
cession  to  literary  history."— ion.  Gent.  Mag.,  June,  1836. 

"  It  cannot  be  denied  that  great  acuteness  is  shown  in  assem 
bling  and  weighing  all  the  very  minute  circumstances  from  which 
their  history  must  often  be  rather  conjectured  than  inferred.  It 
may  appear  singular  that  we,  in  this  speculative  part  of  the  island, 
should  consider  the  digressions  from  biography,  and  the  passages 
of  general  speculation,  as  the  part  of  the  work  which  might,  with 
the  greatest  advantage,  be  retrenched.  But  they  are  certainly 
episodes  too  large  for  the  action,  and  have  sometimes  the  air  of 
openings  of  chapters  in  an  intended  history  of  England.  These 
two  faults,  of  digressions  too  expanded,  and  details  too  minute, 
are  the  principal  defects  of  the  volume;  which  must  be  considered 
hereafter  as  a  necessary  part  of  all  collections  respecting  the  biogra 
phy  of  Milton."— SIR  JAMES  MACKINTOSH  :  Edin.  Rev.,  xxv.  485-501, 
and  in  his  Miscdl.  Works. 

17.  Letters  of  Verax  to  the  Morning  Chronicle,  on  the 
assumed  grounds  of  the  present  War,  1815.  18.  Mande- 
ville ;  a  Tale  of  the  17th  century,  Edin.,  1817,  3  vols.  12mo. 
This  work  was  written  in  accordance  with  a  contract  made 
with  Constable,  the  bookseller,  in  1816,  when  Godwin  paid 
a  visit  to  Edinburgh. 

"  Mandeville  has  all  the  power  of  its  author's  earliest  writings, 
but  its  main  subject — the  development  of  an  engrossing  and  mad 
dening  hatred — is  not  one  which  can  excite  human  sympathy. 
There  is,  however,  a  bright  relief  to  the  gloom  of  the  picture,  in 
the  angelic  disposition  of  Clifford,  and  the  sparkling  loveliness  of 
Henrietta,  who  appears  '  full  of  life,  and  splendour,  and  joy." — 
SIR  T.  N.  TALFOURD:  New  Month.  Mag.,  and  Crit.  and  Miscdl.  Writ 
ings. 

"  His  St.  Leon  and  his  Mandeville  are  ten  degrees  darker  than 
his  Falkland :  in  the  latter,  there  are  many  ties  to  connect  us  with 
truth  and  nature,  and  we  go  on— as  the  sailors  keep  by  a  sinking 
vessel— in  the  hope  that  all  must  be  righted  soon.  Mandeville  is 
one  of  those  unhappy  persons  whose  minds  are  never  so  free  from 
the  storms  of  passion  as  to  be  fully  rational,  and  yet  cannot,  save 
in  fits  of  fury,  be  considered  wholly  mad."— ALLAN  CUNNINGHAM: 
Biog.  and  Crit.  Hist,  of  the  Lit.  of  the  Last  Fifty  Years. 

"This  is.  in  our  opinion,  a  very  dull  novel  and  a  very  clever 
book.  ...  We  are  therefore  obliged  to  pronounce  this  work  intoler 
ably  tedious  and  disgusting,  though  its  author  has  proved  himself 
intimately  skilled  in  the  perversity  of  the  human  mind,  and  in  all 
the  blackest  and  most  horrible  passions  of  the  human  breast." — 
Lon.  Quar.  Rev.,  xviii.  176-177. 

"  The  language  of  Mandeville  is  throughout  nervous  and  manly. 
It  has  indeed  many  affectations;  but  these,  as  has  always  been  the 
case  in  the  writings  of  Godwin,  vanish  whenever  he  grapples  with 
violent  emotions.  He  is  at  home  in  the  very  whirlwind  of  terrors, 
and  seems  to  breathe  with  the  greatest  freedom  in  the  most  tem 
pestuous  atmosphere." — Blackwood's  Mag.,  ii.  268-279. 

"  Like  his  other  novels,  it  contains  an  important  lesson,  forcibly 
inculcated — it  shows  the  forlornness  and  misery  of  a  jealous,  sullen, 
aspiring  mind,  that  makes  great  claims  on  the  world,  without  pro 
per  efforts  to  justify  or  enforce  them." — W.  PHILLIPS:  N.  Amer. 
Rev.,  vii.  92-105. 

"  The  announcement  of  a  new  work  of  fiction  by  the  author  of 
Caleb  Williams  was  enough  to  send  the  reading  world  distraught; 
but  Mandeyille  did  not  answer  its  expectations,  and  is  much  in 
ferior  to  his  former  efforts."— Lon.  Gent.  Mag.,  June,  1836. 

19.  On  Population;  being  an  Enquiry  concerning  the 
Power  of  Increase  in  the  Numbers  of  Mankind,  Lon., 
1820,  8vo.  This  was  in  answer  to  the  celebrated  theory 
of  population  propounded  by  Malthus.  See  this  work 


GOD 

noticed,  and  dissertations  on  the  respective  theories  of 
Godwin  and  Malthus,  in  the  Lon.  Quar.  Rev.,  xxvi.  148; 
Edin.  Rev.,  xxxv.  362.  See  also  notices  of  Godwin's  work 
in  the  Edin.  Month.  Rev.,  v.  535;  Lon.  Month.  Rev.,  xciv. 
113.  20.  History  of  the  Commonwealth  of  England  from 
the  Commencement  to  the  Restoration  of  Charles  II.,  1824, 


GOL 

minor  educational  and  other  juvenile  works,  when  a  book 
seller, — about  1804,  and  the  few  following  years, — under 
the  assumed  name  of  Edward  Baldwin.  Mr.  Godwin  was, 
indeed,  a  voluminous  author,  and  it  is  a  sad  reflection,  that 
of  one  so  capable  of  benefiting  the  world  by  his  talents, 


nvauae  accession  o  auoriiesr 

ings  of  the  Long  Parliament,  which,  owing  to  the  rese  arches  of  Mr. 
Lemon  have  been  recently  discovered  in  g*******'  <?ffice 
These  documents,  and  the  collection  <*J  'Z^enabled  Mr 
given  by  George  III.  to  t^ntishMuse  U™'  ±,7  hfstorv  of  the 
Godwin  to  thr°wmuceW 


cover  how  far  the  latter  preponderated,  and  we 
„  painful  though  certain  conclusion,  that  it  might 
have  been  better  for  mankind  had  he  never  existed.  . . .  Eccentric 
notions  are  alluring,  and  the  wildest  theories  are  too  often  mis 
taken  for  the  grandest  and  the  deepest.  The  opinions  maintained 
by  Mr.  Godwin,  on  the  existing  state  of  society  and  actions  of 
mankind,  are  sour  and  unhealthy.  Pride  was  the  basis  and  the 
root  of  his  philosophy As  a  novelist  Mr.  Godwin  is  to  all  in 
tents  original;  he  has  taken  no  model,  but  has  been  himself  a 


thoughts  and  feelings  instructed  and  refined  —  instructed  by  its 
correct  views  and  laborious  research,  and  refined  by  the  proofs  it 
exhibits  of  the  suavity  and  temperance,  as  well  as  unbending  jus 
tice  and  principle,  of  the  writer."  —  Lon.  Critical  Gazette. 

So  much  for  one  side  of  the  picture  :  now  for  the  other  : 

"  The  pains  and  extensive  research  evidently  bestowed  in  the 

construction  of  these  volumes,  might  have  placed  Godwin's  name 

high  as  an  historian  of  his  country,  had  they  not  been  tinged  with 

a  partial  and  democratic  colouring,  which  must  ever  detract  from 

the  character  and  value  of  his  work."  —  Lon.  Gent.  Mag.,  June,  1836. 

We  are  almost  inclined  to  suspect  some  difference  of 

politics  between  the  two  last  quoted  authorities. 

But,  whatever  may  be  thought  of  Mr.  Godwin's  politics, 
his  research  and  excellence  of  arrangement  have  elicited 
the  following  commendation  from  one  of  the  most  eminent 
of  living  critics  : 

"  In  the  original  ordinance  the  members  of  both  houses  were 
excluded  during  the  war  ;  but  in  the  second,  which  was  carried, 
the  measure  was  not  made  prospective.  This,  which  most  histo 
rians  have  overlooked,  is  well  pointed  out  by  Mr.  Godwin."  —  Hal- 
lam's  Constitutional  Hist,  of  Eng.,  7th  ed.,  1854,  p.  181,  n. 

"  Mr.  Godwin's  History  of  the  Commonwealth,  a  work  in  which 
great  attention  has  been  paid  to  the  order  of  time."—  Ibid.,  p.  196,  n. 
"Mr.  Godwin  has  published  a  work  which  must  be  considered  as 
the  defence  of  the  Republican  party.  ...  It  should  by  all  means 
be  read  ;  it  is  always  interesting,  and  sometimes  contains  anecdotes 
and  passages  that  are  curious  and  striking  ;  —  Godwin  is  always  a 
powerful  writer;—  and,  above  all,  it  is  the  statement  of  the  case  of 
the  Republicans.  But,  on  the  whole,  in  these  volumes  of  Godwin 
there  is  no  sufficient  instruction  given  of  the  religious  hypocrisy 
and  cant  of  the  Presbyterians  first,  or  of  the  Independents  and 
Cromwell  afterwards.  The  history  is  an  effort  in  favour  of  the 
Republicans  of  those  times,  founded  on  the  paramount  merit  of  a 
republic  at  all  times.  It  is  also  very  nearly  a  panegyric  of  Crom 
well  —  certainly  so  as  far  as  regard  for  the  Republicans  admitted." 
—Prof.  Smyth's  Lectures  on  Mod.  Hist. 

"  It  is  a  political  counterpart  of  that  of  Lord  Clarendon;  for  the 
writer  was  of  the  radical  school  of  politics,  and  of  the  atheistic 
school  of  philosophy."—  CHANCELLOR  KENT. 

"  This  work  is  a  solid  proof  of  great  endowments  and  abilities, 
and  throws  new  light  upon  a  most  interesting  period  of  our  na 
tional  annals."  —  Lon.  Lit.  Gazette. 

21.  Cloudesley;  a  Novel,  1830,  3  vols.  p.  8vo. 

"  Cloudesley  is  better  written  than  Caleb  Williams.  The  expres 
sion  is  everywhere  terse,  vigorous,  and  elegant—  a  polished  mirror 
•without  a  wrinkle."  —  Edin.  Rev. 

"  A  dull  though  clever  novel."—  Lon.  Gent.  Mag.,  1836. 

"  The  new  novel  of  Cloudesley,  by  this  celebrated  writer,  is  ad 
mitted  to  be  worthy  of  his  genius."  —  Lon.  Chronicle. 

"  A  work  of  genius,  which  will  be  read  by  all  who  possess  genius, 
or  respect  it  in  others."  —  Scotsman. 

22.  Thoughts  on  Man;  his  Nature,  Productions,  and 
Discoveries.     Interspersed  with  some  Particulars  respect 
ing  the  Author,  1831,  8vo. 

"The  results  of  the  thirty  years'  meditations  of  the  Author  of 
the  Inquiry  into  Political  Justice  are  well  entitled  to  consideration. 
Sound  reason  and  humane  principles  form  the  essence  of  this  ex 
cellent  volume  ;  which,  being  the  production  of  a  thinking  man, 
will  be  a  fountain  for  thoughts  in  all  his  readers."—  Lon.  Lit.  Gaz. 

"  A  series  of  essays  in  the  style  and  manner  of  his  earlier  works 
—  full  as  irreverent  and  almost  equally  as  noxious  ;  like  the  ser 
pent,  venomous,  but  enticing."—  Lon.  Gent.  Mag.,  June,  1836. 

23.  Lives  of  the  Necromancers,  1834,  8vo. 

"With  every  disposition  to  speak  favourably  of  this  production, 
•we  must  acknowledge  that  an  authentic  history  of  Necromancy, 
and  a  feithful  biography  of  its  votaries,  still  remain  a  desideratum 
in  our  literature.  A  writer  of  patient  research,  and  possessed  of  a 
competent  knowledge  of  physics  and  chemistry,  is  alone  capable 
of  doing  justice  to  the  subject  ----  On  the  first  perusal  of  Mr.  God 
win's  volume,  we  were  disposed  to  quarrel  with  him  on  account 


have  not  the  moral  effect  of  Hogarth's  pictures,  which  reform  vice 
by  holding  it  to  view;  they  rather  contaminate  the  young  and 
eager,  by  familiarising  them  with  scenes  and  characters  which  it 
would  be  better  that  they  never  knew  even  in  works  of  fiction, 
however  artfully  glossed  over." — Lon.  Gent.  Mag.,  June,  1836. 

Godwin,  William,  Jr.,  d.  of  cholera  in  1832,  only 
child  of  the  preceding  by  his  second  wife,  was  a  parlia 
mentary  reporter,  and  contributed  a  number  of  papers  to 
the  periodicals  of  the  day.  He  left  in  MS.  a  novel  pub. 
by  his  father  in  3  vols.  p.  8vo,  entitled  Transfusion. 

"  It  partakes  of  the  family  wildness  and  irregularity  of  genius." 
— Lon.  Gent.  Mag.,  June,  1836. 


Goering,  Jacob,  Lutheran  minister  at  York,  Pa. 
Besiegter  Wiedertaufer,  1783,  8vo.  Answer  to  a  Method 
ist's  Remonstrance,  York.  Der  Verkappte  Priester  Aaron, 
(iiber  die  Siebentager;)  pub.  about  1790. 

Goff,  Goffe,  or  Gough,  Thomas,  1592P-1629,  a 
native  of  Essex,  educated  at  Westminster  and  Christ 
Church,  Oxf.,  preferred  to  the  living  of  East  Clandon, 
Surrey,  1629.  1,  2.  Latin  Orations,  1622, '27.  Serm.,  1627, 
4to.  3.  Raging  Turk;  a  Trag.,  1656,  8vo.  4.  Courageous 
Turk,  1656,  8vo.  5.  Tragedie  of  Orestes,  1656,  8vo. 
6.  Careless  Shepherdess ;  a  Tragi-Com.,  with  an  alphabetical 
cat.  of  all  such  Plays  that  were  ever  printed,  1656,  4to. 
This  cat.  is  incorrect.  7.  Cupid's  Whirligig;  a  Com. 
Ascribed  to  him,  without  much  probability  of  truth,  by 
Phillips  and  Winstanley.  It  has  been  supposed  that  he 
trans.  The  Bastard,  a  Tragedy ;  and  Wood  and  Langbaine 
both  give  him  Selimus,  which  was  printed  when  Goff  was 
but  two  years  old. 

"  Goff 's  tragedies  are  full  of  ridiculous  bombast ;  his  comedies  are 
not  without  merit."— GIFFORD. 

His  melancholy  fate  is  a  warning  to  all  bachelors : 
"Taking  to  wife  a  meer  Xantippe,  the  widow  of  his  predecessor, 
notwithstanding  he  had  always  before  professed  himself  an  enemy 
to  the  female  sex,  and  was  esteemed  by  many  another  Joseph 
Swetnam,  he  was  so  much  overtop'd  by  her  and  her  children 
which  she  had  by  her  former  husband,  that,  his  life  being  much 
shortened  thereby,  he  died  at  length  in  a  manner  heart-broken." 
— Athen.  Oxon. 

Joseph  Swetnam,  who  was  distinguished  by  the  not  very 
amiable  title  of  the  Woman-hater,  will  claim  a  place  in 
another  part  of  our  volume. 

Golborne,  John.     See  BRINDLEY,  JAMES. 
Golburne,  John.     1.   Trans,   of  Voyon's   Cat.   of 
Doctors  of  God's  Church,  Lon.,  1598,  16mo.     2.  Trans,  of 
Two  Theolog.  Treatises  by  Valera,  1600,  4to.     3.  Trans, 
of  an  Act  of  Dispute,  &e.,  1602,  fol. 

Gold,  F.      1.  Trans,   of  Romand's   Travels  in   the 
Pyrenees,  Lon.,   1813,   8vo.     2.  Trans,  of  Bichat's  Re- 
cherches  Physiologiques,  1815,  8vo. 
Golden,  Wm.     Poems,  1791,  1802. 
Goldesborough,   Goldsborough,  or    Goulds- 
borough,  John*     Reports  in  all  the  Courts  of  West 
minster,  1586-1602 ;  with  Notes  by  W.  S.,  1653,  '75,  '82, 4to. 
"  For  thy  further  satisfaction  know,  that  thou  hast  here  not  a 
spurious  deformed  brat,  falsely  fathered  upon  the  name  of  a  dead 
man,  too  usuall  a  trick,  played  by  the  subtile  gamesters  of  this 
serpentine  age ;  but  thou  hast  presented  to  thee,  though  I  cannot 
say  the  issue  of  learned  Gouldsborough's  own  brain,  yet,  I  dare 
say,  the  work  of  his  own  hand ;  and  that  which,  were  he  living, 
he  would  not  blush  to  own."— Preface. 

"Godbolt,  Goldsborough  and  March;  mean  reporters;  but  not 
to  be  rejected."— North's  Stu.  Law,  24. 

Brownlow's  Reports  contains  a  number  of  Cases  reported 


wiu  o  ruiiAiiic,  »TG  wtio  uispusuu  TO  quarrei  witn  mm  on  account  i       ---  1    ,  -T    •,  ----     i_    i_    ±  j.\.         x-          11     *•         f  'ii 

of  its  irreligious  character.    It  is  enough,  however,  to  have  guarded     by  J.  Goldesborough,  but  the  entire  collection  of  cases  will 


our  young  readers  against  the  snare  which  is  laid  for  them.    Reli 
gion  is  founded  on  too  secure  a  basis  to  be  thus  shaken;  and  we 


be  found  in  the  above  work.     See  BROWNLOW,  RlCHARD. 
Goldicult,  John.     1.  Antiq.  of  Sicily,  from  Draw- 


>  imP-  8vo  and  4to-  ,  A,      _.       » 

Goldie,  George,  1748-1804,  a  minister  of  the  Ch.  of 


attempt  to  discredit  Christianity  because  some  of  its  professors 
believed  in  sorcery  and  practised  magic."—  Edin.  Kev.,  lx.  37-54. 

The  Lives  of  the  Necromancers  was  Mr.  Godwin's  last     Scotland,  had  charge  of  the  Church  of  Athelstaneford  for 
production.     In  addition  to  the  twenty-three  works  which     twenty-six  years.     Serms.  ;  with  Life,  Edin.,  1805,  8vo. 
have  come  under  our  notice,  he  also  wrote  a  number  of  |      Goldie,  John.    1.  Gospel  Recovered,  1779-84,  6  vols. 


GOL 

8vo.  2.  Evidences  of  a  Deity,  1809.  Upon  the  publica 
tion  of  these  Essays,  Burns,  the  poet,  addressed  an  Epistle 
to  the  author. 

Golding,  Arthur,  a  poet  and  translator,  of  the  16th 
century,  a  native  of  London,  was  patronized  by  Sir  Philip 
Sidney,  secretary  to  Lord  Cobham  and  other  leading  cha 
racters  of  the  day.  He  completed  a  trans,  of  Mornay's 
Trewnesse  of  the  Christian  Religion,  commenced  by  Sir 
Philip  Sidney ;  and  made  translations  from  Calvin,  Chy- 
trseus,  Beza,  Marlorat,  Hemingius,  Justin,  Caesar,  <fcc.  His 
best-known  trans,  is  that  of  Ovid's  Metamorphoses ;  The 
fyrst  fower  bookes,  1565 ;  The  XV.  Bookes,  1575,  '87,  1603, 
'12 ;  all  in  black  letter,  4to. 

"  His  style  is  poetical  and  spirited,  and  his  versification  clear ; 
his  manner  ornamented  and  diffuse,  yet  with  a  sufficient  obser 
vance  of  the  original.  On  the  whole,  I  think  him  a  better  poet 
than  Phaier.  .  .  .  Ovid's  Metamorphoses,  just  translated  by  Gold- 
ing,  to  instance  no  further,  disclosed  a  new  world  of  fiction,  even 
to  the  illiterate.  ...  I  think  his  only  original  work  is  an  account 
of  an  Earthquake  in  1580,  [pub.  1580,  8vp.]  Of  his  original  poetry 
I  recollect  nothing  more  than  an  encomiastic  copy  of  verses  pre 
fixed  to  Baret's  Alveare,  published  in  1580.  It  may  be  regretted 
that  he  gave  so  much  time  to  translations." — Warton's  Hist,  of 
Eng.  Poet. 

His  trans,  of  Beza's  drama  of  Abraham's  Sacrifice, 
1577,  18mo,  has  given  him  a  place  in  the  Biog.  Dramat. 

"  Golding's  Translation  of  Ovid's  Metamorphoses  is  a  good  one, 
considering  the  time  when  it  was  written.  It  is  in  Alexandrine 
verse,  as  well  as  Phaer's  Virgil." — ALEXANDER  POPE  :  Spence's  Anec 
dotes. 

An  ancient  critic  ranks  Richard  Edwards  with  Phaer, 
Hay  wood,  Nevile,  Googe,  and  our  author,  Golding : — 
"  With  him  also,  as  seemeth  me, 
Our  Edwards  may  compare; 
Who  nothying  gyuing  place  to  him 
Doth  syt  in  egall  chayre." 

T.  B.'s  Recommendatory  Poem,  prefixed  to  John  Studley's  English 
version  of  Seneca's  Agamemnon,  printed  in  1566.  See  Warton's 
Eng.  Poet. ;  Phillips' s  Theat.  Poet. ;  Bibl.  Brit. 

Puttenham,  in  his  Arte  of  English  Poesie,  in  his  criti 
cisms  on  contemporary  English  poets,  commends 

"Phaer  and  Golding  for  a  learned  and  well-connected  verse, 
specially  in  translation,  clear,  and  very  faithfully  answering  their 
author's  intent." 

"  The  translations  of  ancient  poets  by  Phaer,  Golding,  Stany- 
hurst,  and  several  more,  do  not  challenge  our  attention ;  most  of 
them,  in  fact,  being  very  wretched  performances." — Hallam's  Lit. 
Hist,  of  Europe. 

Golding  thus  feelingly  complains  of  the  innovations 
which  were  changing  the  character  of  the  English  tongue 
in  his  day : 

"  Our  English  tongue  is  driven  almost  out  of  kind, 
Dismember'd,  hack'd,  maim'd,  rent,  and  torn, 
Defaced,  patch' d,  marr'd,  and  made  in  scorn." 

Golding,  P.  Sleydane's  Epitome  of  Froissard,  Lon., 
1603,  '08,  4to. 

"  In  no  estimation." — NICOLSON. 

It  is,  however,  well  to  have  it  in  a  Shaksperian  collec 
tion. 

Golding,  Widdows.     Con.  to  Med.  Facts,  1797. 

Gold  high  am,  B.  See  next  article,  and  references 
there  cited. 

Goldingham,  Henry.  1.  Queen  Elizabeth's  Pro 
gress  to  Norwich ;  a  Masque,  Lon.,  1578,  4to.  2.  Garden 
Plot;  an  Allegorical  Poem,  and  a  reprint  of  his  Masque. 
39  copies  printed  for  the  Roxburghe  Club,  1825,  4to.  See 
this  work;  also  Warton's  Hist,  of  Eng.  Poetry;  Ritson's 
Bibl.  Poet. ;  Steevens's  Shaksp. 

Goldisborough,  John.  Almanack,  Lon.,  1662,'  8vo. 

Goldney,  Edward,  Sr.  1.  Friendly  Epist.  to  the 
Jews,  1761,  8vo.  2.  Epistle  to  the  Deists,  1761,  8vo. 

Goldsborough,  Charles  W.  United  States  Naval 
Chronicle,  Washington,  1824,  vol.  i.,  pp.  395. 

"A  valuable  repository  of  historical  facts  and  official  state 
ments." — W.  Amer.  Rev.,  xxi.  1-19. 

Goldsmid,  Anna  M.  1.  Trans,  from  the  German 
of  Dr.  G.  Salomon's  12  serms.  delivered  in  the  New  Tem 
ple  of  the  Israelites  at  Hamburg,  &c.,  Lon.,  1839,  8vo. 

"  Many  of  them  will  be  found  available  for  persons  of  every 
religious  denomination  and  sect."— Translator's  Preface. 

2.  Trans,  from  the  German  of  Dr.  Ludwig  Philippsohn's 
Development  of  the  Religious  Idea  in  Judaism,  Chris 
tianity,  and  Mohammedanism  :  Considered  in  12  Lects.  on 
the  Hist,  and  Purport  of  Judaism,  Lon.,  1855, 8vo,  pp.  278. 
These  lectures  were  delivered  at  Magdeburg  in  1847.  The 
translator  has  added  explanatory  notes,  which  the  reader 
will  find  very  useful. 

Goldsmith,  or  Gonldsmith,  Francis,  temp. 
Charles  I.  Hugo  Grotius,  his  Sophompaneas,  or  Joseph ; 
a  Tragedy.  With  Annotations,  Lon.,  sine  anno,  sect  1652, 
8vo. 

Goldsmith,  G.  1.  Equity,  Lon.,  1838 ;  4th  ed.,  1849. 
2.  English  Bar,  1843,  fp.  Svo;  2d  ed.,  1849. 


GOL 

Goldsmith,  Rev.  J.  Geography,  &c.,  1803-15.  Of 
Goldsmith's  Grammar  of  Geography  there  have  been  new 
eds.,  1844-51,  by  Hughes,  Kenny,  and  Wright. 

Goldsmith,  Lewis,  b.  1763,  a  Jew,  a  native  of  Eng 
land,  gained  considerable  notoriety  by  pub. — 1.  The  Crimes 
of  Cabinets,  Lon.,  1801,  8vo ;  and  subsequently  gave  to 
the  world — 2.  The  Conduct  of  France  towards  America, 
1809,  8vo  ;  N.  York,  1810,  8vo.  3.  The  Secret  Hist,  of  the 
Cabinet  of  Bonaparte,  Lon.,  1811,  Svo;  1814,  2  vols.  8vo. 
4.  Manifestos,  &c.  of  Bonaparte,  &c.,  1811,  Svo ;  1813, 
4  vols.  Svo.  5.  Secret  Hist,  of  Bonaparte's  Diplomacy, 
1812,  Svo.  6.  Memorial  of  M.  Carnot,  Ac.,  1814,  Svo. 
7.  An  appeal  to  the  Sovereigns  of  Europe  on  the  Necessity 
of  bringing  Napoleon  Bonaparte  to  public  Trial,  1815. 
At  one  time  he  edited  the  Paris  Argus,  and  interested 
himself  in  French  politics. 

Goldsmith,  Miss  Mary.  1.  Casualties;  a  Novel, 
Lon.,  1784,  2  vols.  12mo. 

"  Learn,  ye  mantua-makers  all.  from  this  instructive  lesson,  to 
mind  your  needles  and  earn  a  '  virtuous  bit  of  bread.'  As  a  com 
position,  this  novel  boasts  no  high  merit." — Lon.  Month.  Rev.,  xlvii. 
208. 

2.  She  lives;  a  Comedy,  1803.  S.Angelina;  a  Comic 
Opera,  1804,  N.  P. 

Goldsmith,  Oliver,  November  10,  1728-April  4, 
1774,  one  of  the  most  distinguished  ornaments  of  English 
literature,  was  a  native  of  the  village  of  Pallas,  Pallice,  or 
Pallasmore,  in  Leinster,  Ireland,  county  of  Longford,  H 
miles  S.  E.  of  Ballymahon.  The  character  of  his  excellent 
father — the  Rev.  Charles  Goldsmith,  a  clergyman  of  the 
Established  Church,  holding  the  living  of  Kilkenny 
West — has  been  so  well  described  by  his  son  in  the  cha 
racters  of  The  Man  in  Black  in  The  Citizen  of  the  World, 
The  Preacher  in  the  Deserted  Village,  and  Doctor  Prim 
rose  in  the  Vicar  of  Wakefield,  that  no  other  portraiture 
can  be  needed  nor  should  be  tolerated.  The  good  man 
lived  to  see  five  sons  and  two  daughters  surrounding  the 
family  board  before  he  was  called  to  his  rest,  which  event 
occurred  in  the  year  1740.  His  son  Henry  followed  his 
calling,  and  his  example  and  his  virtues  have  been  com 
memorated,  in  lines  which  the  world  will  never  "  let  die," 
by  the  same  pen  which  depicted  the  amiable  characteristics 
of  the  "Village  Preacher."  He  who  can  peruse  without 
emotion  the  impassioned  burst  of  fervent  gratitude  and 
tender  remembrance  with  which  the  houseless  wanderer 
celebrates  his  brother's  kindness  and  his  brother's  peace 
ful  home  has  but  little  claim  to  the  better  feelings  of  our 
nature : 

«*  Remote,  unfriended,  melancholy,  slow, 
Or  by  the  lazy  Scheldt,  or  wandering  Po; 
Or  onward,  where  the  rude  Carinthian  boor 
Against  the  houseless  stranger  shuts  the  door; 
Or  where  Campania's  plajn  forsaken  lie.s, 
A  weary  waste  expanding  to  the  skies ; 
Where'er  I  roam,  whatever  realms  to  see, 
My  heart,  untravell'd,  fondly  turns  to  thee. 
Still  to  my  brother  turns  with  ceaseless  pain, 
And  drags  at  each  remove  a  length'ning  chain. 
Eternal  blessings  crown  my  earliest  friend, 
And  round  his  dwelling  guardian  saints  attend! 
Blest  be  that  .spot  where  cheerful  guests  retire 
To  pause  from  toil,  and  trim  the  ev'ning  fire  ; 
Blest  that  abode,  where  want  and  pain  repair, 
And  ev'ry  stranger  finds  a  ready  chair ; 
Blest  be  those  feasts,  with  simple  plenty  crown'd, 
Where  all  the  ruddy  family  around 
Laugh  at  the  jests  or  pranks  that  never  fail, 
Or  sigh  with  pity  at  some  mournful  tale ; 
Or  press  the  bashful  stranger  to  his  food, 
And  learn  the  luxury  of  doing  good. 
But  me,  not  destin'd  such  delights  to  share, 
My  prime  of  life  in  wand'ring  spent  and  care, 
ImpelFd  with  steps  unceasing  to  pursue 
Some  fleeting  good,  that  mocks  me  with  the  view ; 
That,  like  the  circle  bounding  earth  and  skies, 
Allures  from  far,  yet,  as  I  follow,  flies ; 
My  fortune  leads  to  traverse  realms  alone, 
And  find  no  spot  of  all  the  world  my  own." 

The  Traveller. 

If  we  have  somewhat  anticipated  our  story  by  the 
quotation  of  the  beautiful  lines  just  cited,  we  shall  be 
readily  forgiven.  Perhaps  there  could  be  no  better  in 
troduction  to  a  biography  of  Oliver  Goldsmith.  The 
warmth  of  his  affections,  the  tenderness  of  his  heart,  his 
roving  propensities  and  vacillation  of  mind,  are  all  here 
presented  to  the  reader  in  the  poet's  happiest  and  most 
graphic  style. 

At  the  age  of  six  years  Oliver  was  placed  under  charge 
of  the  village  schoolmaster,  Thomas  Byrne,  a  retired 
quartermaster  of  an  Irish  regiment,  who  seems  to  have 
expended  many  of  the  hours  which  should  have  been  de 
voted  to  instruction,  in  recitals  of  military  adventures,  in 
which  the  narrator  himself  had  borne  no  obscure  and  un- 


GOL 

honoured  share.  We  do  not  find,  however,  that  his  youth 
ful  auditors — the  future  village  Cromwells  of  the  school — 
ever  seriously  complained  of  this  want  of  faithfulness 
upon  the  part  of  their  military  preceptor.  With  a  keen 
ness  of  perception  and  politic  wisdom  which  would  not 
have  disgraced  practised  courtiers,  the  subjects  of  this 
despotic  ruler  seem  to  have  carefully  studied  his  character 
and  adapted  their  deportment  to  his  changing  mood  : 
"  Well  had  the  boding  tremblers  learned  to  trace 

The  day's  disasters  in  his  morning  face; 

Full  well  they  laughed  with  counterfeited  glee 

At  all  his  jokes,  for  many  a  joke  had  he; 

Full  well  the  busy  whisper,  circling  round, 

Convey'd  the  dismal  tidings  when  he  frown'd." 
Little  Oliver  was  interrupted  in  his  studies  under  Mr. 
Byrne  by  an  attack  of  the  small-pox,  the  signature  of 
which  he  bore  legibly  inscribed  on  his  face  for  the  rest 
of  his  life.  Upon  his  recovery,  he  was  placed  at  school, 
first  at  Elphin,  in  Roscommon,  then  at  Athlone,  and  sub 
sequently  at  Edgeworthstown.  It  was  whilst  attending 
the  seminary  at  Elphin,  boarding  meanwhile  at  his  uncle's, 
John  Goldsmith,  that  he  displayed  his  juvenile  wit  by  a 
celebrated  epigram,  which  has  been  carefully  preserved  by 
all  the  poet's  biographers.  During  an  evening  party  at 
his  uncle's,  when  the  guests  were  engaged  in  the  mazes 'of 
the  dance,  Oliver, — then  only  nine  years  old, — disposed  to 
contribute  his  share  to  the  amusements  of  the  evening, 
undertook  the  execution  of  a  hornpipe,  which  was  pro 
bably  performed  with  more  zeal  than  elegance.  The  mu 
sician  of  the  party,  who  was  more  forcibly  impressed  with 
the  awkward  form  and  pitted  face  of  the  juvenile  Athlete 
than  with  his  Terpsichorean  proficiency,  raised  a  laugh  at 
his  expense  by  calling  him  his  little  JEsop.  But  Oliver 
soon  turned  the  laugh  upon  his  assailant  by  the  retort : 

"  Our  herald  hath  proclaimed  this  saying, 

See  JEsop  dancing,  and  his  monkey  playing." 
A  large  portion  of  the  expenses  of  Oliver's  early  educa 
tion  was  defrayed  by  his  kind-hearted  uncle,  the  Rev- 
Thomas  Contarine,  who  was  at  all  times  one  of  his  most 
devoted  and  generous  friends. 

On  the  llth  of  June,  1745,  Oliver  entered  Trinity  Col 
lege,  Dublin,  as  a  sizar,  under  the  tutorship  of  the  Rev. 
Theaker  Wilder,  from  whose  petty  tyranny  the  youth  suf 
fered  so  acutely  that  at  times  his  life  was  an  almost  in 
tolerable  burden.  In  our  life  of  Edmund  Burke  we  have 
noticed  the  fact  that  he  was  a  contemporary  at  college 
with  the  subject  of  the  present  article.  The  poor  sizar 
did  not  display  either  that  genius  or  that  application  which 
gains  collegiate  distinctions,  but  he  was  so  fortunate  on 
one  occasion  as  to  secure  one  of  the  minor  prizes,  the 
value  in  money  of  which  was  about  thirty  shillings. 

"  This  turn  of  success  and  sudden  influx  of  wealth  proved  too 
much  for  the  head  of  our  poor  student.  He  forthwith  gave  a  sup 
per  and  dance  at  his  chamber  to  a  number  of  young  persons  of 
both  sexes  from  the  city,  in  direct  violation  of  college  rules.  The 
unwonted  sound  of  the  fiddle  reached  the  ears  of  the  implacable 
Wilder.  He  rushed  to  the  scene  of  unhallowed  festivity,  inflicted 
corporal  chastisement  on  the  '  father  of  the  feast,'  and  turned  his 
astonished  guests  neck  and  heels  out  of  doors."— Irving'*  Life  of 
Goldsmith. 

Mortified  beyond  measure  at  this  inglorious  termination 
to  the  evening's  festivities,  and  ashamed  to  meet  either  the 
companions  of  his  studies  or  of  his  feasts,  Goldsmith  left 
college  the  next  day  in  a  state  of  high  disgust,  determined 
to  seek  his  fortunes  in  some  land  "beyond  the  flood," 
where  he  might  hope  to  prosper  by  the  exercise  of  his  in 
dustry  or  of  his  wits.  He  lingered  in  Dublin  until  all  his 
money  was  spent  save  a  solitary  shilling,  and,  when  that 
was  gone,  several  of  his  garments  followed,  until,  at  last, 
hungry  and  half-naked,  he  was  saved  from  starvation, 
when  on  his  way  to  Cork,  by  a  handful  of  gray  peas  given 
him  by  a  country-girl  at  a  wake.  He  never  forgot  his 
humble  benefactor.  Poor  fellow !  he  had  fasted  for  twenty- 
four  hours  when  this  seasonable  relief  was  accorded  to 
him :  and  long  afterwards,  when  applauded  in  the  world 
of  fashion  and  an  honoured  guest  at  great  men's  feasts, 
he  declared  to  Sir  Joshua  Reynolds  that  of  all  the  ex 
quisite  meats  he  had  ever  tasted  that  handful  of  gray  peas 
was  the  most  delicious. 

By  the  kind  offices  of  his  brother  Henry,  he  was  again 
placed  at  college,  where  he  remained  for  nearly  two  years 
longer.  Feb.  27, 1749,  he  was  made  Bachelor  of  Arts,  and 
turned  his  back  upon  his  Alma  Mater  without  the  loss  of 
many  tears.  It  was  now  incumbent  on  him  to  select  a 
profession,  and  he  was  induced  by  his  kind  but  injudicious 
uncle  Contarine  to  become  an  applicant  for  holy  orders. 
The  two  years  of  probation  were  passed  in  a  desultory 
manner,  often  in  amusements  not  altogether  of  the  most 
clerical  character ;  and  when,  at  the  age  of  twenty-three, 


GOL 

the  candidate  passed  in  review  under  the  scrutinizing  eye 
of  the  Bishop  of  Elphin,  he  was  promptly  rejected : 

"  He  was  intended  for  the  church,  and  went  to  the  Bishop  of 
Elphin  to  be  examined  for  orders,  but,  appearing  iu  a  pair  of 
scarlet  breeches,  he  was  rejected." — Dr.  A.  Strean's  Letter. 

But  other  reasons  are  urged  for  the  prelate's  rejection 
of  the  application.  His  sister  tells  us  that  the  bishop 
thought  him  too  young;  another  version  is  that  his  habits 
were  known  to  be  unsuited  to  the  gravity  of  the  profes 
sion  to  which  he  sought  admittance.  Certain  it  is  that 
the  church  lost  nothing  by  the  bishop's  refusal.  It  is 
possible  to  weaken  an  army  by  increasing  its  numbers ; 
and  such  a  clergyman  as  Goldsmith  would  in  all  pro 
bability  have  proved  would  hare  done  little  to  advance 
the  cause  which  he  professed  to  espouse.  The  candidate 
was  not  heart-broken  by  the  bishop's  decision  : 

"  For  the  clerical  profession,"  says  his  sister,  Mrs.  Hodson,  "  he 
had  no  lining." 

Good  old  Uncle  Contarine  was  sadly  disappointed,  but 
relaxed  nothing  in  his  efforts  to  serve  his  wayward  nephew. 
He  soon  procured  him  employment  as  a  tutor  in  the  family 
of  Mr.  Flinn;  but  this  situation  was  lost  in  consequence  of  a 
quarrel  between  the  preceptor  and  one  of  the  family  over 
a  game  of  cards.  Oliver  left  Mr.  Flinn's  with  what  seemed 
to  him  an  almost  fabulous  amount  of  money — no  less 
than  thirty  pounds;  but  even  this  amount,  vast  as  it 
was,  was  not  proof  against  the  repeated  demands  to  which 
the  owner  subjected  it,  and  in  six  weeks  he  returned  to 
his  mother's  house  at  Ballymahon  without  a  shilling  in 
his  pocket,  and  on  the  back  of  a  steed  of  much  humbler 
appearance  than  the  one  which  shortly  before  carried  in 
triumph  the  happy  owner  of  thirty  pounds  sterling.  Part 
of  this  sum,  indeed,  had  been  expended  in  the  purchase 
of  a  passage  to  America ;  but,  as  the  passenger  was  on  an 
excursion  in  the  country  when  the  wind  served  in  the 
harbour  of  Cork,  the  captain  "never  inquired  after  him, 
but  set  sail  with  as  much  indifference  as  if  he  had  been  on 
board." 

How  much  depended  upon  that  country  excursion ! 
What  would  have  been  the  history  of  the  author  of  the 
Vicar  of  Wakefield  and  the  Deserted  Village  had  he 
landed,  a  friendless  stranger,  on  the  shores  of  America  ? 
In  all  probability  the  world  would  never  have  seen  these 
immortal  productions ;  and  Oliver  Goldsmith,  a  Revolu 
tionary  leader,  might  have  shed  his  blood  at  Bunker  Hill, 
or  a  Western  planter,  in  the  enjoyment  of  a  hale  old  age, 
have  nursed  on  his  knee  his  children  of  the  third  genera 
tion. 

We  have  often  thought  that  a  most  interesting  narra 
tive  might  be  compiled  of  the  real  and  supposed  lives  of 
the  afterwards  great  men  who  at  one  time  or  other  in 
tended  settling  in  America.  As  a  colonist,  Cromwell, 
"  guiltless  of  his  country's  blood,"  would  have  passed  his 
days  in  the  useful  pursuits  of  agriculture  or  commerce ; 
and  Edmund  Burke  would  have  contributed  to  the  legis 
lative  sagacity  and  oratorical  splendour  which  so  proudly 
distinguished  the  first  American  Congress.  John  Hamp- 
den  would  not  have  been  stigmatized  by  the  great  Claren 
don  as  the  modern  Cinna;  and  the  ruthless  ambition  of  a 
Bonaparte  would  have  been  resisted  by  a  spirit  mightier 
than  his  own.  But  these  are  speculations :  let  us  return 
to  facts.  What  should  be  done  now  for  the  improvident 
youth  who  had  already  so  sadly  disappointed  those  who 
had  striven  beyond  their  means  to  advance  his  fortunes  ? 
To  be  discouraged  in  his  efforts  for  poor  Oliver  belonged 
not  to  the  kind-hearted  Contarine.  If  Oliver  would  be 
neither  a  clergyman  nor  a  tutor,  the  law  was  still  open, 
and  here  his  abilities  would  at  once  command  success. 
To  plan  and  to  do  was  the  same  with  the  good  man ;  and 
he  soon  had  nearly  the  sum  of  fifty  pounds, — a  large  sum 
for  his  circumstances, — which  he  placed  in  Oliver's  hands 
and  dismissed  him  with  his  benediction.  With  this  capital 
the  young  man  must  manage  until  he  had  secured  a  foot 
ing  which  should  place  him  in  a  position  to  earn  his  own 
bread.  But,  alas !  the  attractions  of  a  gaming-table  were 
too  strong  for  his  virtue;  he  was  persuaded  to  risk  his 
whole  capital,  with  the  encouragement  that  it  would  be 
doubled ;  but,  as  might  have  been  anticipated,  his  money, 
with  the  exception  of  a  few  shillings,  passed  into  the  pos 
session  of  his  dangerous  acquaintances,  and  he  was  again 
a  ruined  man. 

Goldsmith's  mental  agony  was  now  indeed  great.  How 
unworthy  had  he  proved  himself  of  the  kindness  of  his 
friends,  especially  of  that  uncle  and  brother  who  had 
strengthened  him  with  words  of  good  cheer  when  all  others 
had  lost  faith  in  his  resolutions  and  his  promises !  But 
offences  repeated  "  seventy  times  seven"  would  not  have 
exhausted  the  fount  of  tenderness  which  yearned  in  the 


GOL 


GOL 


heart  of  that  good  uncle  towards  the  repentant  prodigal. 
''When  he  was  yet  a  great  way  off,"  he  was  ready  to  run 
forth  to  meet  him,  to  "  fall  on  his  neck,"  and  again  "  kill  for 
him  the  fatted  calf."  He  took  him  in  his  own  house,  made 
him  exhibit  his  talents  in  the  long  winter  evenings  by  lite 
rary  discussions,  and,  when  his  duties  called  him  away, 
was  delighted  to  see  his  daughter  turn  entertainer  to  the 
poor  outcast,  and  join  the  music  of  her  harpsichord  to  the 
notes  of  his  flute.  Not  satisfied  with  this,  he  again  anx 
iously  considered  how  he  could  best  promote  his  advance 
ment*  in  the  world;  and  a  hint  which  fell  from  the  great 
man  of  the  family — Dean  Goldsmith,  of  Cloyne,  then  on  a 
visit  to  the  worthy  pastor — was  sufficient  to  cause  him 
again  to  tax  his  narrow  purse  for  further  supplies  for 
Oliver. 

If  neither  the  Church,  the  tutor's  chair,  nor  the  bar, 
were  to  afford  a  field  for  the  exercise  of  his  nephew's  abili 
ties,  he  should  be  a  doctor  of  medicine !  Many  had  at 
tained  a  large  and  profitable  practice  who  had  started  as 
late  in  life  as  Oliver :  why  could  not  Oliver  do  the  same  ? 
At  least,  the  experiment  should  be  tried.  Behold,  then, 
our  adventurer  again  starting,  in  the  autumn  of  1752,  to 
try  his  fortune  in  the  world. 

Arrived  in  Edinburgh,  he  soon  became  famous  in  the 
social  circles  of  that  city  as  a  teller  of  good  stories  and 
singer  of  Irish  songs.  But  his  eighteea  months  of  resi 
dence  here  were  not  thrown  away.  He  was  too  a,pt  a 
scholar  to  be  unprofited  by  the  excellent  lectures  to  which 
he  listened  and  the  chemical  experiments  in  which  he  took 
a  part. 

He  now  determined  to  visit  the  continent,  that  he  might 
enjoy  opportunities  of  completing  his  medical  studies 
and  gratify  a  taste  for  travelling,  which  was  one  of  his 
strongest  propensities.  Uncle  Contarine's  purse  was  al 
ways  ready,  and  to  it  the  student  again  had  recourse. 
Yet  it  is  to  be  recorded,  to  his  credit,  that  his  economy 
was  stringent,  that  his  applications  might  be  as  few  and 
as  moderate  as  it  was  possible  to  make  them.  His  grati 
tude,  too,  to  his  generous  benefactor  was  deep  and  un 
feigned  : 

"  Let  me  acknowledge,"  he  writes  to  him,  when  advising  him 
of  intended  absence,  "  the  humility  of  the  station  in  which  you 
found  me;  let  me  tell  you  how  I  was  despised  by  most  and  hate 
ful  to  myself.  Poverty,  hopeless  poverty,  was  my  lot.  and  Melan 
choly  was  beginning  to  make  me  her  own.  When  you  .  .  .  " 
"  Thou  best  of  men,"  he  exclaims  in  another  letter,  written  from 
Leyden,  "may  Heaven  guard  and  preserve  you  and  those  you 
love!" 

With  this  benediction,  so  richly  deserved,  we  may  take 
our  leave  of  good  Uncle  Contarine,  who  breathed  his  last 
before  his  nephew,  whom  he  had  so  dearly  loved  and  for 
whom  he  had  done  so  much,  had  attained  that  celebrity 
and  prosperous  fortune  which  no  one  would  have  rejoiced 
in  more  than  himself.  May  the  memory  of  that  good  man 
ever  be  fresh  in  the  world's  history  ! 

Arrived  at  Leyden,  Goldsmith  seems  to  have  devoted 
some  attention  to  the  pursuit  of  knowledge,  gaining,  mean 
while,  a  precarious  subsistence  by  acting  as  tutor,  and 
sometimes  winning,  but  generally  losing,  by  the  gaming 
table.  In  February,  1755,  he  left  Leyden  for  the  purpose 
of  travelling  on  foot  through  Europe.  His  wardrobe,  furni 
ture,  and  finances,  amounted  exactly  to  "a  guinea  in  his 
pocket,  a  shirt  on  his  back,  and  a  flute  in  his  hand." 

The  manner  in  which  he  "disputed  his  way  through 
Europe"  by  accepting  university  challenges,  and  gained 
many  a  night's  lodging  by  the  notes  of  his  flute,  are  too 
well  known,  and  have  been  too  beautifully  described  by 
himself,  to  justify  us  in  dwelling  upon  them  here : 

"  Whenever  I  approached  a  peasant's  house  towards  nightfall, 
I  played  one  of  my  most  merry  tunes,  and  that  procured  me  not 
only  a  lodging,  but  subsistence  for  the  next  day." — Vicar  of  Wake- 
field. 

"Gay,  sprightly  land  of  mirth  and  social  ease, 
Pleas'd  with  thyself,  whom  all  the  world  can  please, 
How  often  have  I  led  thy  sportive  choir 
With  tuneless  pipe  beside  the  murmuring  Loire! 
Where  shading  elms  along  the  margin  grew, 
And,  freshen' d  from  the  wave,  the  zephyr  flew; 
And  haply,  though  my  harsh  touch,  falt'ring  still, 
But  mock'd  all  tune,  and  marr'd  the  dancers'  skill, 
Yet  would  the  village  praise  my  wondrous  power, 
And  dance,  forgetful  of  the  noon-tide  hour." — The  Traveller. 
Whilst  abroad,  either  at  Padua  or  at  Louvain,  he  took 
his  degree  of  Bachelor  of  Medicine.     On  the  1st  of  Febru 
ary,  1756,  Goldsmith  landed  at  Dover,  wiser  in  experience, 
but  more  destitute  in  pocket,  than  at  any  former  period 
of  his  life.     He  made  his  way  to  London;  and  here  starva 
tion  stared  him  in  the  face.     In  vain  he  begged  for  a  situa 
tion  as  a  compounder  of  prescriptions  or  as  an  errand-boy 
among  the  London  apothecaries ;  no  one  would  employ  an 
assistant  who  could  give  no  references.     At  last  he  ob- 

44 


tained  a  situation  as  shop-tender  with  a  chemist  of  the 
name  of  Jacob,  where  he  remained  until,  by  the  aid  of  an 
old  fellow-student, — Dr.  Sleigh, — he  was  enabled  to  set 
up,  in  an  humble  way,  as  a  physician  among  the  poorer 
classes.  Prosperity  did  not  smile  upon  his  new  vocation, 
but  incidentally  it  opened  the  way  to  a  better  business. 

He  had  a  patient — a  printer's  workman — who  had  per 
ception  enough  to  discern  that  the  doctor  was  himself  the 
victim  of  a  terrible  malady — nothing  less  than  consuming, 
soul-corroding  poverty.  The  poor  man  had  learned  benevo 
lence  of  his  employer.  He  told  Goldsmith  that  his  master 
had  a  kind  heart,  and  before  this  had  relieved  distress; — 
would  he  not  let  him  speak  a  word  for  him  ?  The  kind 
offices  of  his  humble  patient  were  not  in  vain  ;  and  behold 
the  quondam  physician  installed  as  reader  and  corrector  of 
the  press  to  Samuel  Richardson,  the  author  of  "  Clarissa." 

About  the  beginning  of  1757,  (unless  we  adopt  the  earlier 
date  assigned  by  Mr.  Allport,)  he  obtained  a  situation  as 
usher  in  the  academy  of  Dr.  Milner,  at  Peckham,  and  was 
still  in  this  humble  employment — the  mortification  of 
which  he  has  so  well  described  in  the  person  of  George 
Primrose — when  he  was  engaged  by  Griffiths  as  a  stated 
contributor  to  The  Monthly  Review.  An  agreement  was 
made  for  one  year,  and  Goldsmith  moved  his  scanty  ward 
robe  to  the  house  of  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Griffiths.  It  is  not 
without  reason  that  we  mention  the  latter:  she  was  quite 
as  much  master  of  the  house  as  her  husband  was,  and 
ruled  the  poor  contributor  with  so  despotic  a  sway  that  at 
the  end  of  five  months  he  was  glad  to  cancel  his  engage 
ment. 

From  this  time  until  the  appearance  of  his  first  work 
of  any  pretensions,  with  the  exception  of  another  tiial  at 
ushership  in  Dr.  Milner's  school,  Goldsmith  earned  a 
scanty  subsistence  as  a  hack-writer,  with  a  ready  pen 
always  at  the  disposal  of  those  who  were  able  to  pay  a  few 
shillings  or  a  few  pounds,  as  it  might  be,  for  the  desired 
article.  A  Life  of  Voltaire  and  an  unfinished  tragedy 
are  among  the  labours  of  this  period.  The  disappoint 
ment  of  his  hopes  of  a  lucrative  medical  post  at  Coro- 
mandel,  and  his  rejection  by  the  College  of  Surgeons, 
added  to  the  bitterness  of  his  melancholy  lot. 

The  Inquiry  into  the  Present  State  of  Polite  Learning 
in  Europe  was  pub.  by  Dodsley  in  April,  1759,  12mo.  It 
appeared  without  the  writer's  name,  but  the  authorship 
was  no  secret.  Kenrick's  savage  attack  upon  the  new 
work  was  worthy  of  the  base  character  of  the  man.  The 
Inquiry  was  not  without  merit,  though  perhaps  not  entitled 
to  the  unqualified  commendation  of  the  learned.  To  quote 
the  language  of  one  of  the  author's  late  biographers : — 

"  In  the  present  day,  when  the  whole  field  of  contemporary 
literature  is  so  widely  surveyed  and  amply  discussed,  and  when 
the  current  productions  of  every  country  are  constantly  collated 
aud  ably  criticised,  a  treatise  like  that  of  Goldsmith  would  be  con 
sidered  as  extremely  limited  and  unsatisfactory;  but  at  that  time 
it  possessed  novelty  in  its  views  and  wideness  in  its  scope,  and, 
being  indued  with  the  peculiar  charm  of  style  inseparable  from 
the  author,  it  commanded  public  attention  and  a  profitable  sale." 
—Irving's  Lift  of  Goldsmith. 

Goldsmith's  next  literary  undertaking  was  The  Bee,  a 
weekly  periodical,  pub.  on  Saturdays,  the  first  number  of 
which  appeared  on  the  6th  of  October,  1759,  and  the  eighth 
and  last  on  the  29th  of  November.  It  possessed  excellence 
of  no  ordinary  character,  but  failed  to  command  support. 

On  the  12th  of  January,  1760,  Mr.  Newbery,  the  famous 
publisher  of  children's  books,  commenced  the  publication 
of  The  Public  Ledger,  and  Goldsmith  contributed  to  it  his 
celebrated  Chinese  Letters,  which  were  collected  and  repub. 
by  Newbery,  at  the  close  of  1760,  in  2  vols.  12mo,  under 
the  title  of  The  Citizen  of  the  World ;  or,  Letters  from  a 
Chinese  Philosopher  residing  in  London,  to  his  friends  in 
the  East.  They  were  commended  by  the  British  Magazine 
as  "light,  agreeable  summer  reading;"  and  even  Kenrick 
was  forced  by  Griffiths  to  make  an  awkward  apology  for  his 
brutal  attack  on  the  "Inquiry"  and  its  author,  and  com 
mended  the  Chinese  Letters  in  high  terms.  Some  opinions 
upon  the  merits  of  this  work  will  be  found  on  a  later  page. ' 
The  reputation  of  his  new  work  caused  publishers  to  seek 
the  aid  of  the  author  in  various  undertakings,  and  the 
editorship  of  The  Lady's  Magazine,  contributions  to  The 
British  Magazine,  prefaces  to  a  number  of  works,  a  revision 
of  a  History  of  Mecklenburg,  Newbery's  Art  of  Poetry, 
Compendium  of  Biography,  and  a  Life  of  Beau  Nash,  were 
among  the  literary  labours  that  replenished  the  exhausted 
coffers  of  The  Citizen  of  the  World.  On  the  31st  of  May, 
1761,  an  event  of  no  ordinary  interest  occurred  to  the  now 
rising  author.  This  was  his  introduction  to  Dr.  Johnson, 
"  The  Great  Cham  of  Literature,"  through  the  good  offices 
of  Dr.  Percy,  afterwards  Bishop  of  Dromore.  The  strong 
attachment  which  the  lexicographer  at  once  formed  for 


GOL 


GOL 


•  it.  a.      j-        i.-    r     1*         ^  fsM'Klod  and  thft  I      "The  beauties  of  this  poem  are  so  great  and  various,  that  w« 
Goldsmith,  notwithstanding  his  faults  and  foibles,  and  the  !  ^^  feut  be          .ged  t£ey  haye  not*been  able  to  recommend  u 

friendly  aid  which  he  afforded  him  by  the  disposal  ot  ine     to  more  general  notice." 

Vicar  of  Wakefield,  are  pleasing  incidents  in  the  lives  ol  A  month  after  this  notice,  a  second  edition  appeared;  the 
these  two  truly  great  men.  The  nodes  ambrosia  nee  of  I  5  I  th}r(j  soon  followed,  a  fourth  was  issued  in  August,  and  the 
Literary  Club  were  now  partaken  of  by  Goldsmith,  and  he  :  njnth  appeared  in  the  year  of  the  author's  death. 


found  himself  the  associate  of  men  whom  heretofore  he 
had  long  worshipped  at  a  distance.  Still  busily  employed 
with  his  pen.  we  find  him  engaged  on  a  revision  ot  a  L>e- 

' 


We  have  no  evidence  that  Goldsmith  received  more  than 
twenty  guineas  from  the  publisher,  the  elder  Newbery.    But 

,,nu  u.o  r~~, D  0  the  author  felt  that  his  reputation  was  on  the  ascendant, 

Bcription  of  Millennium  Hall  and  of  Dr.  Brookes  s  System  j  and  he  ventured  to  leave  his  own  quarters  in  Wine-Office 
of  Natural  History,  additions  to  the  Wonders  of  Nature  ,  court,  an(j  removed  to  chambers  on  the  library  staircase 
and  Art,  contributions  to  The  Martial  Review  or  General  i  of  the  Temple.  Johnson  paid  him  a  visit  shortly  after- 
History  of  the  late  War,  to  the  Critical  and  Monthly  Maga 
zines,  prefaces  to  Universal  History  and  several  other 
works,  and  a  compilation  entitled  A  History  of  England, 
in  a  series  of  Letters  from  a  Nobleman  to  his  bon.  Ihis 
has  passed  through  many  edits,  in  English,  been  trans,  into 
French,  and  was  confidently  attributed  to  Lord  Chester 
field,  Lord  Orrery,  and  especially  to  Lord  Lyttelton. 
Among  his  many  literary  projects  which  were  never  exe 
cuted  may  be  mentioned  one,  the  title  of  which  interests 
us  not  a  little:  A  Chronological  History  of  the  Lives  of 
Eminent  Persons  in  Great  Britain  and  Ireland.  This  book 
would  doubtless  have  been  one  of  the  most  charming  in 


wards,  and  inspected  the  new  apartments  rather  closely  ; 
which  induced  Goldsmith  to  exclaim,  "I  shall  soon  be  in 
better  chambers,  sir,  than  these."  "Nay,  nay,  sir,"  re 
sponded  Johnson;  "never  mind  that:  Nil  te  extra  qucesi- 
veris  extra."  Poor  Goldsmith  !  did  he  remember  then  the 
miseries  of  Green  Arbour  Court,  which  have  been  so  gra 
phically  described  by  Washington  Irving  in  his  Tales  of  a 
Traveller?  We  shall  reserve  for  a  later  page  some  com 
mendatory  notices  of  this  beautiful  poem.  In  1765,  a 
number  of  his  contributions  .to  periodicals  were  pub.  under 
the  title  of  Essays  by  Mr.  Goldsmith.  Many  of  them  had 

vtuuiu  UUUUW^OD  u«.»v  ~w*+  ~~~  ~«  - — -a  —  j  long  been  favourites  with  the  public,  (though  their  author- 
style  and  inaccurate  in  statement,  one  of  the  most  delight-     ghjp  was  not  generally  known,)  had  been  reprinted  many 

*»      1      _  .  ? 3 «**„     «.,,:rJrtr,      i^     +V»rt    In  vt  rntn  re**.  T+    WO  «      (.•  1          1-  -.11 1      _      t_    _       1 


ful  companions  and  unsafe  guides,  in  the  language.  It  was 
to  be  comprised  in  two  octavo  vols.  of  thirty-five  sheets 
each,  to  be  paid  for  at  the  rate  of  three  guineas  a  sheet, 
and  to  be  furnished  in  two  years.  But  —  for  Dodsley  well 
knew  the  habits  of  authors  —  the  publisher  stipulated  that 
he  should  be  subjected  to  no  advance  until  the  work  was 
completed.  This  was  enough  to  seal  its  fate  with  Goldsmith. 
He  sent  a  proposition  to  Tonson  to  prepare  for  him  a  new 
edition  of  the  works  of  Pope.  Tonson  —  not  always  the 
most  amiable  of  mortals  —  returned  an  impertinent  answer, 
and  the  disappointed  author  vented  his  indignation  by 
immediately  inflicting  a  caning  upon  Tonson's  unhappy 


It  was  in  1764  that  the  well-known  incident  just  referred 
to  occurred, — an  incident  so  graphically  described  by  Dr. 
Johnson  himself,  that  we  cannot  do  better  than  quote  his 
own  language: 

"  I  received  one  morning  a  message  from  poor  Goldsmith  that  he 
was  in  great  distress,  and,  as  it  was  not  in  his  power  to  come  to  me, 
begging  that  I  would  come  to  him  as  soon  as  possible.  I  sent  him 
a  guinea,  and  promised  to  come  to  him  directly.  I  accordingly 
went  as  soon  as  I  was  dressed,  and  found  that  his  landlady  had 
arrested  him  for  his  rent,  at  which  he  was  in  a  violent  passion.  I 
perceived  that  he  had  already  changed  my  guinea,  and  had  got  a 
bottle  of  madeira  and  a  glass  before  him.  I  put  the  cork  into  the 
bottle,  desired  he  would  be  calm,  and  began  to  talk  to  him  of  the 
means  by  which  he  might  be  extricated.  He  then  told  me  he  had 
a  novel  ready  for  the  press,  which  he  produced  to  me.  I  looked 
into  it.  and  saw  its  merit ;  told  the  landlady  I  should  soon  return ; 
and,  having  gone  to  a  bookseller,  sold  it  for  sixty  pounds.  I 
brought  Goldsmith  the  money,  and  he  discharged  his  rent,  not 
without  rating  his  landlady  in  a  high  tone  for  having  used  him 
so  ill." — Soswdfs  Life  of  Johnson. 

On  the  day  of  the  sale  of  The  Vicar  of  Wakefield,  the 
Traveller  received  the  last  touches  of  the  author.  Johnson 
had  greater  hopes  of  the  success  of  the  poem  than  of  the 
novel ;  he  read  the  proof-sheets,  substituted  here  and  there 
a  line  of  his  own,  (only  nine  verses  in  all,)  and  immedi 
ately  prepared  for  it  a  warm  reception,  through  the  medium 
of  the  Critical  Review,  in  a  notice  of  his  own  composition. 
It  was  published — the  first  production  which  bore  his 
name — December  19,  1764,  and  dedicated  to  his  brother 
Henry,  to  whom  eighty  of  the  last  lines  in  it  had  been  dis 
patched  in  a  letter  many  years  before,  when  the  author 
was  a  "houseless  stranger"  in  a  foreign  land.  The  lines 
inserted  by  Johnson  were  the  one  which  now  stands  420th 
in  the  poem,  and,  omitting  the  last  couplet  but  one,  the 
eight  concluding  lines. 

The  success  of  The  Traveller  wa.s  decided  and  immediate 
among  the  wits,  but  some  time  elapsed  before  it  became  a 
favourite  with  the  public  at  large.  Johnson  pronounced 
it  "  a  poem  to  which  it  would  not  be  easy  to  find  any  thing 
equal  since  the  days  of  Pope."  The  lexicographer  read  it 
aloud  to  Miss  Reynolds,  and  the  lady— who  had  recently 
toasted  Goldsmith  as  the  ugliest  man  of  her  acquaintance 
— declared  that  she  should  never  again  think  him  ugly. 

"'There  is  not  a  bad  line  in  that  poem  of  The  Traveller,'  said 
Langton,  as  they  sat  talking  at  Reynolds's  four  years  after  the 
poet's  death;  '  not  one  of  Dry  den's  careless  verses.'  '  I  was  glad,' 
interposed  Reynolds,  '  to  hear  Charles  Fox  say  it  was  one  of  the 
first  poems  in  the  English  language.'  'Why  was  you  glad?'  re 
joined  Langton ;  '  you  surely  had  no  doubt  of  this  before  ?'  '  No,' 
exclaimed  Johnson,  decisively,  '  the  merit  of  The  Traveller  is  so 
well  established,  that  Mr.  Fox's  praise  cannot  augment  it,  nor  his 
censure  diminish  it.' " 

Two  months  after  its  publication,"  the  St.  James's  Chro 
nicle,  the  leading  literary  paper  of  the  time,  remarked : 


times,  and  claimed  by  several  who  had  no  title  to  them. 
This  volume  paid  the  author  a  profit  of  twenty  guineas 
only ;  it  however  extended  his  reputation,  was  trans,  into 
French,  and  is  still  a  favourite  with  the  public. 

It  was  at  this  period,  also,  that  he  wrote  the  beautiful 
ballad  of  Edwin  and  Angelina. 

"  Without  informing  any  of  us  [at  the  Club]  he  wrote  and  ad 
dressed  to  the  Countess,  afterwards  Duchess  of  Northumberland, 
one  of  the  first  poems  of  the  lyric  kind  that  our  language  has  to 
boast  of." — SIR  JOHN  HAWKINS. 

Whether  Goldsmith  was  really  the  author  of  a  famous 
biography  which  appeared  in  this  year,  of  less  pretensions, 
but  equal  notoriety,  with  The  Hermit, — the  story  of  Goody 
Two  Shoes, — we  shall  not  pause  to  discuss. 

Towards  the  close  of  this  year  he  received  from  Newbery 
the  respectable  sum — judging  by  his  former  receipts — of 
sixty  guineas  for  A  Survey  of  Experimental  Philosophy 
considered  in  its  Present  State  of  Improvement.  He  was 
engaged  in  the  completion  of  this  work  in  the  year  of  his 
death,  and  it  was  pub.  in  1776,  2  vols.  8vo.  It  should  not 
be  forgotten  that  at  this  period  he  essayed  for  a  brief 
season  to  resume  the  practice  of  physic ;  but  the  experi 
ment  proved  both  unprofitable  and  unpalatable,  and  was 
soon  abandoned.  At  last  appeared,  March  27,  1766, 
eighteen  months  after  its  memorable  sale  to  Newbery  the 
younger,  the  novel  of  The  Vicar  of  Wakefield.  The  wits 
and  critics  were  this  time  behind  the  public  in  their  accla 
mations.  In  about  two  months  a  second  edition  was  de 
manded;  three  months  later  the  third  appeared,  and  the 
sixth  was  pub.  in  the  year  of  the  author's  death.  This 
charming  tale  will  be  noticed  more  at  large  on  a  subsequent 
page.  We  have  now  reached  a  point  in  the  literary  history 
of  Goldsmith  when  we  may  be  permitted  to  take  a  rapid 
survey  of  the  labours  which  employed  his  pen  from  the 
time  of  the  publication  of  the  Vicar  of  Wakefield  until 
his  death.  For  detailed  information  concerning  these 
publications  and  their  author,  we  must  refer  the  reader  to 
the  sources  to  which  every  biographer  of  Goldsmith  must 
acknowledge  his  obligations — the  biographies  of  Percy, 
Brydges,  Mitford,  Scott,  Prior,  Forster,  and  Irving. 
1766  :  Poems  for  Young  Ladies,  12mo. 
"  A  respectable  selection  of  pieces,  chiefly  from  Parnell,  Pope, 
Thomson,  Addison,  and  Collins,  with  additions  of  less  importance 
from  less  eminent  hands,  and  some  of  the  occasional  verses  of  liis 
friend  Robert  Nugent." 

For  this  compilation  he  received  ten  guineas ;  and  for 
writing  a  "  Short  English  Grammar"  had  but  half  that  sum. 
1767 :  Beauties  of  English  Poesy,  2  vols.  12mo. 
In  this  selection,  for  which  he  received  fifty  pounds, 
appeared  two  pieces, — The   Ladle   and    Hans   Carvel, — 
which  were  not  of  a  character  to  promote  the  general 
circulation  of  the  work. 

1768  :  The  Good-Natured  Man  ;  a  Comedy,  8vo.  This 
was  not  successful  on  the  stage,  but  sold  so  well  that  the 
whole  of  the  first  edition  was  taken  on  the  second  day. 
The  author's  profits  on  the  stage  and  by  its  sale  amounted 
to  about  £500. 

"  His  two  admirable  Comedies  of  '  The  Good-Natured  Man'  and 
'  She  Stoops  to  Conquer'  are  the  greenest  spots  in  the  Dramatic 
waste  of  the  period  of  which  we  are  speaking.  They  are  worthy 
of  the  author  of '  The  Vicar  of  Wakefield.'  and  to  praise  them  more 
highly  is  impossible.  Wit  without  licentiousness;  Humour  with 
out  extravagance;  brilliant  and  elegant  dialogue ;  and  forcible  but 
natural  delineation  of  character,  are  the  excellences  with  which 
his  pages  are  prodigally  strewn." — Henry  Neele's  Lects.  on  Eng 
Dramat.  Poet. 


GOL 

"The  best,  as  we  think,  of  his  dramatic  efforts."— PROF.  BUTLER: 
Gallery  of  lllust.  Irishmen :  Dubl.  Univ.  Mag.,  vii.  38. 

1769  :  Roman  History,  2  vols.  8vo. 

"  Sir,  it  is  the  great  excellence  of  a  writer  to  put  into  his  book 
as  much  as  his  book  will  hold.  Goldsmith  has  done  this  in  his 
history.  .  .  .  Goldsmith's  abridgment  is  better  than  that  of  Lucius 
Floras  or  Eutropius;  and  I  will  venture  to  say,  that  if  you  com 
pare  him  with  Vertot,  in  the  same  places  of  the  Roman  History, 
you  will  find  that  he  excels  Vertot.  Sir,  he  has  the  art  of  com 
piling  and  of  saying  every  thing  he  has  to  say  in  a  pleasing  man 
ner."— DR.  JOHNSON  :  Boswell's  Life. 

"  Goldsmith's  Abridgements  of  the  History  of  Some  and  England 
may  here  be  noticed.  They  are  eminently  well  calculated  to  intro 
duce  youth  to  the  knowledge  of  their  studies ;  for  they  exhibit  the 
most  interesting  and  striking  events,  without  entering  into  con 
troversy  or  dry  detail."— Sir  Walter  Scott's  Life  of  Goldsmith. 

"Goldsmith's  brief  and  enchanting  epitome  of  Roman  History." 
—CHANCELLOR  KENT. 

"  Though  a  work  written  for  bread,  not  fame,  such  is  its  ease, 
perspicuity,  good  sense,  and  the  delightful  simplicity  of  its  style, 
that  it  was  well  received  by  the  critics,  commanded  a  prompt  and 
extensive  sale,  and  has  ever  since  remained  in  the  hands  of  young 
and  old." — Irving's  Life  of  Goldsmith. 

"Intended  for  the  perusal  of  the  young,  and  certainly  written 
in  an  interesting  manner,  but  almost  always  superficial  and  fre 
quently  inaccurate." — N.  Amer.  Rev. 

Of  the  author's  abridgment  of  his  History  of  Rome 
there  have  been  edits,  edited  by  Coxe,  Davis,  Dymock, 
Pinnock,  Simpson,  <fcc.  It  was  in  this  year  that  he  con 
tracted  with  Griffin  for  his  Natural  History,  or  the  His 
tory  of  the  Earth  and  Animated  Nature.  See  years  1772 
and  1774. 

1770 :  Life  of  Dr.  Parnell,  prefixed  to  an  edit,  of  his 
poems  pub.  in  this  year,  8vo. 

"Goldsmith's  Life  of  Parnell  is  poor;  not  that  it  is  poorly 
written,  but  that  he  had  poor  materials;  for  nobody  can  write  the 
life  of  a  man  but  those  who  have  eat  and  drunk  and  lived  in 
social  intercourse  with  him." — DR.  JOHNSON  :  Boswell's  Life. 

Life  of  Lord  Bolingbroke,  originally  prefixed  to  his 
Dissert,  on  Parties,  repub.  in  this  year,  8vo ;  afterwards  to 
Bolingbroke's  Works.  It  was  in  this  year  that  Goldsmith 
accompanied  Mrs.  Horneck  and  her  two  beautiful  daugh 
ters — Little  Comedy  and  the  Jessamy  Bride — to  France. 
He  was  now  in  the  height  of  his  reputation, — for  two 
months  before  he  left  London  the  town  was  thrown  into 
raptures  by  the  publication  of  The  Deserted  Village,  a 
Poem,  4to.  The  1st  edit.,  pub.  May  6,  was  immediately 
exhausted,  and  by  the  16th  of  August  the  5th  edit,  was 
pub.  Previous  to  its  publication  the  author  received  from 
the  publisher  a  note  for  the  price  agreed  upon, — one  hun 
dred  guineas.  A  friend  remarked  to  Goldsmith  that  it 
was  a  great  price  (five  shillings  a  couplet)  for  so  small  a 
poem : 

"In  truth,"  said  Goldsmith,  "I  think  so  too;  it  is  much  more 
than  the  honest  man  can  afford,  or  the  piece  is  worth.  I  have 
not  been  easy  since  I  received  it." 

He  therefore  returned  the  note  to  the  publisher,  and 
desired  him  to  pay  him  when  it  should  be  ascertained 
what  the  poem  was  worth. 

We  shall  reserve  the  citation  of  opinions  upon  this  poem 
— criticism  is  hardly  a  proper  word  for  (with  one  exception) 
unmixed  and  enthusiastic  eulogy — for  a  later  page. 

But  we  must  here  refer  the  reader  to  Prior's  Life  of 
Goldsmith  and  Hewitt's  Homes  and  Haunts  of  Eminent 
British  Poets  for  graphic  descriptions  of  The  Deserted 
Village — Lissoy — and  to  the  article  from  a  London  peri 
odical,  on  the  same  attractive  theme,  quoted  in  Irving's 
Life  of  Goldsmith.  In  the  London  Gentleman's  Maga 
zine  for  June,  1838,  pp.  592,  593,  will  be  found  an  inge 
nious  argument,  by  Mr.  John  Cunnington,  in  which  it  is 
asserted  that  Springfield,  near  Chelmsford,  England,  (and 
not  Lissoy,  in  Ireland,)  is  entitled  to  the  honours  which 
pertain  to  the  far-famed  Deserted  Village  of  Goldsmith. 

We  must  not  fail  to  commend  that  beautiful  volume, 
The  Deserted  Village,  illustrated  by  80  designs  by  the 
Etching  Club,  Lon.,  1841,  imp.  8vo,  £5  5s.;  colombier  4to, 
£5  5s.;  portfolio;  colombier  fol.,  £10  10*.;  proofs,  £13  13s. 
This  is  generally  considered  the  chef-d'oeuvre  of  the  Etch 
ing  Club.  It  is  the  united  production  of  some  of  the  most 
eminent  artists  of  the  day,  including  Webster,  Redgrave, 
Creswick,  Cope,  J.  Bell,  Horsley,  F.  Tayler,  Townsend, 
and  C.  Stonehouse. 

"  No  poem  in  the  language  perhaps  holds  out  so  many  opportu 
nities  to  the  artist.  The  exquisite  little  gems  with  which  it  is  so 
thickly  studded  are  all  wrought  out  in  a  spirit  of  graceful  poetry 
worthy  of  the  genius  of  GOLDSMITH,  and,  by  the  beauty  and  deli 
cacy  of  their  execution,  carry  us  back  to  the  '  olden  time,'  when 
the  greatest  luminaries  of  Painting  were  also  the  first  among  the 
ETCHERS." 

1771 :  The  Haunch  of  Venison ;  a  Poem,  8vo.     This  was 
a  poetical  epistle,  acknowledging  the  receipt  of  a  Haunch 
of  Venison  from  Lord  Clare,  with  whom  Goldsmith  spent 
;.  some  time  in  the  country. 

"  Written  with  no  higher  aim  than  mere  pleasantry ;  a  more 


GOL 

delightful  piece  of  humour,  or  a  more  finished  piece  of  style,  has 
probably  been  seldom  written."— FORSTER  :  Life  of  Goldsmith. 

"Some  of  the  lines  pleasantly  set  forth  the  embarrassment 
caused  by  the  appearance  of  such  an  aristocratic  delicacy  in  the 
humble  kitchen  of  a  poet,  accustomed  to  look  up  to  mutton  as  a 
treat : 

" '  Thanks,  my  lord,  for  your  venison,  for  finer  or  fatter 
Never  rang'd  in  a  forest,  or  smok'd  in  a  platter.'" 

WASHINGTON  IRVING  :  Life  of  Goldsmith. 

History  of  England  from  the  earliest  times  to  the  Death 
of  George  II.,  1771,  4  vols.  8vo;  2cl  ed.,  1774,  4  vols.  8vo. 
Abridgt.,  1774,  8vo.  This  is  an  acknowledged  compila 
tion  from  Rapin,  Carte,  Smollett,  and  Hume, — 

"Each  of  whom,"  says  Goldsmith,  in  the  preface,  "have  their 
admirers,  in  proportion  as  the  reader  is  studious  of  political  anti 
quities,  fond  of  minute  anecdote,  a  warm  partisan,  or  a  deliberate 
reasoner." 

The  Whigs  of  course  detected  a  smack  of  Tory  doctrine 
in  the  new  History,  and  charged  the  compiler  with  be 
traying  the  liberties  of  the  people.  Goldsmith's  defence 
against  the  attack  is  very  characteristic  of  the  man, — may 
we  not  say  characteristic  of  an  author  ? 

"  I  had  no  thought  for  or  against  liberty  in  my  head ;  my  whole 
aim  being  to  make  up  a  book  of  a  decent  size,  and  which,  as 
'Squire  Richard  says,  would  do  harm  to  nobody."— Goldsmith's 
Letter  to  Langton. 

"  The  history  on  the  whole,  however,  was  well  received ;  some 
of  the  critics  declared  that  English  History  had  never  before  been 
so  usefully,  so  elegantly  and  agreeably  epitomized;  '  and,  like  his 
other  historical  writings,'  it  has  kept  its  ground  in  English  lite 
rature." — WASHINGTON  IRVING  :  Life  of  Goldsmith. 

"  As  a  historian  Goldsmith  accomplishes  all  at  which  he  aims. 
He  does  not  promise  much,  but  he  does  more  than  he  promises. 
He  takes,  it  is  true,  facts  which  had  been  already  collected,  but 
he  shapes  them  with  an  art  that  is  all  his  own." — HENRY  GILES: 
Lectures  and  Essays. 

See  Boswell's  Life  of  Johnson  for  the  lexicographer's 
comparison  between  Robertson  and  Goldsmith  as  histo 
rians.  For  this  work  Davies  paid  Goldsmith  £500.  Of 
this  history  there  have  been  numerous  eds.  and  abridgts., 
edited  by  Coote,  Lynam,  Morell,  Rose,  Wright,  Bigland, 
Coxe,  Davis,  Dymock,  Kenny,  Pinnock,  Simpson,  Stew 
art,  &c. 

1772:  In  this  year  he  was  employed  upon  his  History 
of  the  Earth  and  Animated  Nature,  (Natural  History,  as 
it  is  sometimes  called,)  for  which  he  had  contracted  with 
Griffin  in  1769,— 8  vols.  at  100  guineas  per  vol.  The  work 
was  commenced  in  1769,  but  not  prosecuted  systematically. 
It  was  not  finished  and  pub.  until  1774.  It  was  in  this 
year  also  that  he  wrote  the  latest  of  the  Essays  in  the 
collection  which  now  bears  that  title;  and  at  this  period 
he  abridged  his  Roman  History,  and  wrote  portions  of  a 
tale  for  Newbery  but  rejected  by  him,  intended  to  be  of 
the  same  character  as  The  Vicar  of  Wakefield.  For  an 
account  of  the  announcement  in  Paris  of  Histoire  de 
Francois  Wills,  see  the  biographies  of  Goldsmith. 

1773:  She  Stoops  to  Conquer;  or,  The  Mistakes  of  a 
Night,  8vo.  The  plot  of  this  play  and  the  incident  upon 
which  it  is  founded  are  so  well  known  that  we  shall  not 
repeat  them.  And  who  can  forget  Richard  Cumberland's 
graphic  account  of  the  first  performance  and  that  laugh 
ing  Adam  Drummond,  who  had  almost  ruined  the  whole 
aS'air  ? 

Cumberland  must  tell  his  own  story,  which,  whether 
exaggerated  or  true  to  nature,  is  told  with  admirable 
effect: 

"  We  were  not  over-sanguine  of  success,  but  perfectly  determined 
to  struggle  hard  for  our  author.  We  accordingly  assembled  our 
strength  at  the  Shakspeare  Tavern,  in  a  considerable  body,  for  an 
early  dinner,  Where  Samuel  Johnson  took  the  chair  at  the  head 
of  a  long  table,  and  was  the  life  and  soul  of  the  corps.  The  poet 
took  post  silently  by  his  side,  with  the  Burkes,  Sir  Joshua  Rey 
nolds,  Fit/herbert,  Caleb  Whiteford,  and  a  phalanx  of  North 
British,  predetermined  applauders,  under  the  banner  of  Major 
Mills,  all  good  men  and  true.  Our  illustrious  president  was  in 
inimitable  glee;  and  poor  Goldsmith  that  day  took  all  his  raillery 
as  patiently  and  complacently  as  my  friend  Boswell  would  have 
done  any  day  or  every  day  of  his  life.  In  the  mean  time,  we  did 
not  forget  our  duty ;  and  though  we  had  a  better  comedy  going, 
in  which  Johnson  was  chief  actor,  we  betook  ourselves  in  good 
time  to  our  separate  and  allotted  posts,  and  waited  the  awful 
drawing  up  of  the  curtain.  As  our  stations  were  preconcerted,  so 
were  our  signals  for  plaudits  arranged  and  determined  upon  in  a 
manner  that  gave  every  one  his  cue  where  to  look  for  them  and 
how  to  follow  them  up. 

"  We  had  among  us  a  very  worthy  and  eflicient  member,  long 
since  lost  to  his  friends  and  the  world  at  large,  Adam  Drummond, 
of  amiable  memory,  who  was  gifted  by  nature  with  the  most 
sonorous  and  at  the  same  time  the  most  contagious  laugh,  that 
ever  echoed  from  the  human  lungs.  The  neighing  of  the  horse 
of  the  son  of  Hystaspes  was  a  whisper  to  it ;  the  whole  thunder 
of  \he  theatre  could  not  drown  it.  This  kind  and  ingenuous 
friend  fairly  forewarned  us  that  he  knew  no  more  when  to  give 
his  fire  than  the  cannon  did  that  was  planted  on  a  battery.  He 
desired,  therefore,  to  have  a  flapper  at  his  elbow,  and  I  had  the 
honour  to  be  deputed  to  that  office.  I  planted  him  in  an  upper 
box,  pretty  nearly  over  the  stage,  in  full  view  of  the  pit  and  gal- 


GOL 

1774 :  Grecian  History,  from  the  earliest  State  to  the 
Death  of  Alexander  the  Great,  2  vols.  Svo. 

"A  most  desirable  abridgment,  and  may  be  put  most  safely  into 
young  persons'  hands;  combining  beauty  and  ability,  and  so  at 
tractive  as  to  hold  children  from  their  play." 

"This  work,  although  elegantly  written,  and  highly  calculated 
to  attract  and  interest  young  readers,  enters  into  no  critical  dis- 

t'ors  was  so'engrossed  by  his ^  person  and  performances,  that  the  j  cussion  of  disputed  points,  and  is  superficial  and  inaccurate." 
™™«  rf  thanlav  seemed  likely  to  become  a  secondary  object,  |      <;  lt  would  be  unjust  to  estimate  Goldsmith  by  the  History  of 


GOL 

Iprics  and  perfectly  well  situated  to  give  the  echo  all  its  play 
th"ou'gh  the  hollows  and  recesses  of  the  theatre.  The  success  of 
our  manoeuvre  was  complete.  All  eyes  were  upon  Jobn8on,i*ho 
*at  in  a  front  row  of  a  side  box;  and  when  he  laughed,  everybody 
thou-ht  themselves  warranted  to  roar.  In  the  mean  time,  my 
friend  followed  signals  with  a  rattle  so  irresistibly  comic  that 
Fhen  he  had  repeated  it  several  times,  the  ^ 


Qreece  »_T.  B.  MACAULAY  :  see  GLEIG  GEORGE  ROBERT. 


S?^?pS3B^  bis ,  - -  - 

music  without  any  prejudice  to  the  author.    But  alas!  it  was  now  Thig  WQrk   hag  been   abridged,  and   many  edits,  have 

too  late  to  rein  him  in;  he  ™£$™"^^?^t\  *pp*arei,    edited    by  Coxe,    Dymock,    Pinnock,    Prince, 

iokeinDalmost' every  thing  that  was  'said;  so  that  nothing  in  na-  Simpson,  Ac. 

idbe .more 'malapropos  than  some  of  his  bursts  every  now  Retaliation;  a  Poem  :  including  Epitaphs  on  the  most 

and8 then  were    These  were  dangerous  moments,  for  the  pit  began  distinguished  Wits   of  the   Metropolis,  with   explanatory 

to  take  umbrage;  but  we  carried  our  point  through,  and  triumphed  Observatjons>  4to.      Reprinted   with   other  pieces   of  the 

not  only  over  Column's  judgment,  but  our  own.  author,  1777,  4to.     A  number  of  mock  epitaphs  had  been 

The  illustrious  president  of  this  band  of  Goldsmith  s  posed  on  Goldsmith,  and  Garrick's  is  preserved: 

„                IT    i .        4-U-.1CI   Mhuiu*Ml«    Vna    inn  nrmfmt.  f\n  * 


friends— Samuel  Johnson— thus  records  his  judgment  on 
She  Stoops  to  Conquer  : 

«  I  know  of  no  comedy  for  many  years  that  has  so  much  exhila 
rated  an  audience;  that  has  answered  so  much  the  great  end  of 
nomedy,  making  an  audience  merry." 

Davies  remarks  that  the  success  of  this  piece 

"  Revived  fancy,  wit,  gayety,  humour,  incident  and  character, 


"  Here  lies  poor  Goldsmith,  for  shortness  called  Noll, 
Who  wrote  like  an  angel  but  talk'd  like  Poor  Poll." 
Goldsmith  was  called  on  for  Retaliation,  and  he  took  it. 
;'  Retaliation  had  the  effect  of  placing  the  author  on  a  more  equal 
footing  with  his  society  than  he  had  ever  before  assumed." — SIB 
WALTER  SCOTT. 

The  portraits  of  Garrick  and  Reynolds  in  this  poem  have 


in  the  place  of  sentiment  and  moral  preachment."  excited  especial  admiration. 

Davies  is  too  honest  to  pretend  that  "the  theatre  is  the         History  of  the  Earth  and  Animated  Nature,  8  vols.  8vo. 
school  of  morals,"  as  is  often  foolishly  asserted.     Undoubt-        « It  -s  to  scjence  wnat  his  abridgements  are  to  history;  a  book 


even  ordinary  decency.  But  upon  this  theme  we  have 
already  discoursed  at  large  in  our  life  of  Jeremy  Collier,  q.  v. 

But  we  had  almost  forgotten  to  cite  an  extract  referring 
to  this  comedy  from  a  letter  of  Dr.  Johnson  to  the  late 
Bishop  White,  for  many  years  the  venerable  diocesan  of 
the  Episcopal  Church  in  the  State  of  Pennsylvania: 

-  Dr.  Goldsmith  has  a  new  comedy  in  rehearsal  at  Covent  Gar 
den,  to  which  the  manager  [Colman]  predicts  ill  success.  I  hope 
he  will  be  mistaken.  I  think  it  deserves  a  kind  reception." — To 
the  Rev.  Mr.  White,  [at  Philadelphia,]  March  4,  1773. 

And  this  extract  very  naturally  reminds  us  of  Bishop 
(the  Rev.  Mr.)  White's  visit  to  Goldsmith  in  1770.  Many 
a  fellow-citizen  of  our  own  will  thank  us  for  the  good 


_.  was  of  this  work  that  Johnson  threw  out  the  remark 
which  he  after  wards  interwove  in  his  friend's  epitaph, —  '  He  is  now 
writing  a  Natural  History,  and  will  make  it  as  agreeable  as  a  Per 
sian  tale.' " — SIR  WALTER  SCOTT. 

**  I  remember  him,  when,  in  his  chamber  in  the  Temple,  he  showed 
the  beginning  of  his  Animated  Nature,  it  was  with  a  si^h,  such  as 
genius  draws  when  hard  necessity  diverts  it  from  its  bent  to  drudge 
for  bread,  and  talk  of  birds  and  beasts  and  creeping  things,  which 
Piddock's  showman  would  have  done  as  well.  Poor  fellow!  he 
hardly  knew  an  ass  from  a  mule,  nor  a  turkey  from  a  goose,  but 
when  he  saw  it  on  the  table.  But  publishers  hate  poetry,  and 
Paternoster  Row  is  not  Parnassus."— Richard  Cumberland's  Me 
moirs. 

"  The  descriptions  and  definitions  are  often  loose  and  inaccurate, 
and  the  chief  defect  of  the  work  arises  from  its  being  a  mere  coin- 


....  ,  ,        i|  i  and    llJtJ   Clliei     UtJICUl/  VI     IliC    «wirv    t»i  i.-»ta   11  p*-'"0    "    * 

Bishop's  account  of  this  memorable  visit;  and  we  snail  not     pilation  f,.om  books.    It  has  therefore  none  of  the  freshness  of 
withhold  it:  I  personal  observation;  nothing  which  awakens  the  curiosity  and 

inspires  the  confidence  of  the  reader,  as  in  the  delightful  pages  of 


withhc 

"  We  lodged,  for  some  time,  near  to  one  another,  in  Brick  Court, 
of  the  Temple.  I  had  it  intimated  to  him,  by  an  acquaintance  of 
both,  that  I  wished  for  the  pleasure  of  making  him  a  visit.  It 
ensued ;  and  in  our  conversation  it  took  a  turn  which  excited  in 
me  a  painful  sensation,  from  the  circumstance  that  a  man  of  such 
a  genius  should  write  for  bread.  His  '  Deserted  Village'  came 
under  notice;  and  some  remarks  were  made  by  us  on  the  principle 
of  it— the  decay  of  the  peasantry.  He  said,  that  were  he  to  write 
a  pamphlet  on  the  subject,  he  could  prove  the  point  incontro- 
vertibly.  On  his  being  asked  why  he  did  not  set  his  mind  to  this, 
his  answer  was :  '  It  is  not  worth  my  while.  A  good  poem  will 
bring  me  one  hundred  guineas;  but  the  pamphlet  would  bring 
me  nothing.'  This  was  a  short  time  before  my  leaving  of  Eng 
land,  and  1  saw  the  Doctor  no  more." 

We  need  hardly  say  that  the  Bishop's  reminiscences  of 
Johnson  are  also  exceedingly  interesting. 

But  our  readers  will  fear  that  we  have  entirely  lost 
sight  of  She  Stoops  to  Conquer: 

"The  dramatic  powers  of  Goldsmith — for  a  restricted  space 
warns  us  to  leave  a  too  seductive  topic— were  not  perhaps  of  the 
very  highest  order.  Yet  his  plays  are  a  valuable  accession  to  our 
stage  literature.  They  do  not  fall  below  Cumberland  or  Cibber  in 
plot  or  character,  while  they  surpass  the  former  in  liveliness  of 
humour,  and  the  latter  in  preservation  of  decorum." — PROF.  BUT 
LER  :  Gallery  of  lUust.  Irishmen,  Dubl.  Univ.  Mag.,  vii.  47. 

"  The  plot  turns  on  what  may  be  termed  a  farcical  incident — two 
parties  mistaking  a  gentleman's  house  for  an  inn.  But  the  ex 
cellent  discrimination  of  character,  and  the  humour  and  vivacity 
of  the  dialogue  throughout  the  play,  render  this  piece  one  of  the 
richest  contributions  which  have  been  made  to  modern  comedy. 
The  native  pleasantry  and  originality  of  Goldsmith  were  never 
more  happily  displayed." 

"  As  a  dramatist,  Goldsmith  is  amusing;  and  if  to  excite  laugh 


White,  Montague,  or  Rennie."— JOHN  MITFORD  :  Life,  of  Goldsmith. 
Yet  Mr.  Mitford  commends  the  work  highly  for  the 
beauty  of  its  style  and  justness  of  the  occasional  reflec 
tions  with  which  its  pages  are  interspersed.  Another 
biographer,  whilst  freely  admitting  the  defects  of  this 
work,  remarks : 

"  There  are  yet  many  passages  of  exquisite  country  observation  in 
it ;  and  not  a  few  in  which  the  grace  of  diction,  the  choice  of  perfect 
and  finely-finished  imagery,  and  an  elegant  clearness  and  beauty 
in  the  tone  of  reflection,  may  compare  with  his  best  original  com 
positions,  in  poetry  or  prose." — JOHN  FORSTER  :  Life  of  Goldsmith. 
"Goldsmith  composed  this  work  out  of  Buffon  and  others,  in  a 
manner  both  amusing  and  instructive,  although  the  scientific 
acquirements  of  the  author  were  not  sufficient  to  guard  him 
against  numerous  errors." 

"He  died  in  the  midst  of  a  triumphant  course.  Every  year 
that  he  lived  would  have  added  to  his  reputation.  There  is  assu 
redly  no  symptom  of  decadence  in  the  picturesque  pages  of  his  last 
work,  the  History  of  Animated  Nature :  a  book  which,  not  pos 
sessing  indeed  the  character  of  authority  only  to  be  granted  to 
faithful  reports  of  personal  observation,  is  yet  unequalled  for  clear 
ness  of  expression,  and  all  the  charms  of  a  most  graceful  style. 
Northcote  tell  us  that  he  had  just  begun  a  novel  before  his  death ; 
and  a  second  Vicar  of  Wakefield  may  have  been  buried  in  the  tomb 
of  Goldsmith."— PROF.  BUTLER  :  Gallery  of  lllust.  Irishmen :  Gold 
smith  :  Dubl.  Univ.  Mug.,  vii.  53. 

Of  the  Animated  Nature,  the  2d  edit,  was  pub.  in  1779, 
8  vols.  Svo.  New  edit.,  1791,  8  vols.  12mo ;  1804,  4  vols. 
Svo ;  1806,  6  vols.  Svo.  With  corrects,  and  addits.  by  W. 
Turton,  M.D.,  1816,  6  vols.  Svo.  Natural  History  of  Birds 


,  and  Beasts  abridged,  1807, 12mo;  1807,  Svo;  1838,  4  vols. 

ter  be,  as  Johnson  asserts  it  is,  the  chief  end  of  comedy,  Goldsmith  24mo  .  1850>  2  vols.  r.  Svo ;  1850,  18mo.     Other  eds. 
are*oddiL  ^  The  last  quotation  will  have  prepared  the  reader  for  the 

contrivance  which  belongs  to  highest  art ;  but  they  have  all  those  closing  scenes  of  Goldsmith  s  lite.     He  was  at  the  fcclgeware 

ingenious  accidents  that  are  notable  for  stage  effect.    They  are,  Cottage  when  he  put  the  last  touches  to  his  Animated  Na- 

in  fact,  deficient  in  that  insight  which  pertains  only  to  great  dra-  ture  •  and  here  also  he  was  completing  the  Grecian  History, 

matic  genius Both  of  them  [The  Good-Natured  Man  and  She  makjne  another  Abridgment  of  English  History  for  schools, 

Stoops  to  Conquer]  abound  in  drollery  and  strong  touches  of  na-  MSX-^ZZSrSS!  T^™!™<  ;ei™  fnr  .Tnn 


...  _      .  „  strong 

ture;  but  they  do  not  give  the  author  an  exalted  position  among 
dramatists,  and  they  do  not  promise  that  he  could  have  reached 
it."— HENRY  GILES  :  Lectures  and  Essays. 

See,also  the  criticisms  under  the  head  of  The  Good- 
Natured  Man,  year  1768.  She  Stoops  to  Conquer  pro 
duced  to  the  happy  author  a  clear  profit  of  no  less  than 
£800.  In  this  year  he  projected  the  compilation  of  a 
Dictionary  of  Arts  and  Sciences,  which  was  never  exe 
cuted.  Cradock  tells  us  that  Goldsmith's  Introduction  to 
it  was  excellent. 
692 


translating  Scarron's  Comic  Romance,  revising  for  James 
Dodsley  (for  the  sum  of  five  guineas)  a  new  edit,  of  his 
Inquiry  into  Polite  Learning,  finishing  his  Survey  of  Ex 
perimental  Philosophy,  and  writing  his  poem  of  Retaliation. 
In  the  middle  of  March  he  arrived  in  London,  labouring 
under  severe  indisposition  produced  by  sedentary  habits, 
and  "  continual  vexation  of  mind,  arising  from  his  involved 
circumstances."  On  the  afternoon  of  the  25th  he  took  to 
his  bed;  but,  instead  of  following  judicious  counsel,  per 
sisted,  against  the  advice  of  his  physician,  in  swallowing 


GOL 

large  doses  of  James's  Powders,  which  greatly  aggravated 
his  disorder.  "Towards  the  last  it  occurred  to  Doctor 
Turton  to  put  a  very  pregnant  question  to  his  patient 
'  Your  pulse,'  he  said, '  is  in  greater  disorder  than  it  should 
be,  from  the  degree  of  fever  which  you  have.  Is  your 
mind  at  ease  ?'  '  No,  it  is  not/  was  Goldsmith's  melancholy 
answer.  They  are  the  last  words  we  are  to  hear  him  utter 
in  this  world." 

And  now  that  death  had  forever  removed  from  his 
familiar  haunts  this  simple-hearted,  affectionate  man,— now 
that  those  who  had  rudely  sported  with  his  harmless 
eccentricities,  and  often  made  him  the  "butt  of  their 
clumsy  ridicule,"  felt  that  they  should  see  his  face  no 
more  forever,— there  was  unaffected  grief,  and  hearty,  per 
chance  profitable,  contrition.  Nor  did  such  alone  mourn 
him :  the  glory  of  his  age  and  of  the  English  nation,  the 
most  illustrious  statesman  and  orator  of  his  day,  burst 
into  tears  when  he  heard  the  sad  news.  The  messenger 
of  death  found  Sir  Joshua  Reynolds  in  that  studio  from 
whence  had  emanated  so  many  exquisite  conceptions  of 
the  painter's  genius : — but  the  mournful  tidings  took  his 
heart  from  his  work ;  he  felt  that  his  "  hand  had  lost  its 
cunning,"  laid  by  his  pencil — "  which  in  times  of  great 
family  distress"  he  had  not  been  known  to  do — and  left  the 
room  for  the  day. 

And  there  were  mourners,  too,  of  a  different  rank  of  life 
indeed,  but  those  whose  lamentations  were  as  sincere,  and 
their  grief  as  heartfelt;  those  in  whose  sorrow  for  their 
departed  benefactor  there  is  in  our  eyes  a  value  of  no  ordi 
nary  worth,  as  in  their  prayers  for  the  living  there  is  a 
peculiar  benediction.  When  the  poor  and  the  needy,  the 
outcast  and  the  forsaken,  the  "ruined  spendthrift"  and 
the  "  aged  beggar,"  heard  that  he  who  had  out  of  his  own 
poverty  ministered  to  their  necessities  should  greet  them 
no  more  with  the  voice  of  kindness  and  the  word  and  deed 
of  consolation  and  relief,  they  forgot  the  awful  distance 
which  ordinarily  excluded  them  from  the  presence  of  the 
great,  and  crowded  their  way  to  his  humble  lodgings,  re 
gardless  of  the  presence  of  fashionable  friends  who  had 
come  to  take  their  "  last  look  at  poor  Goldsmith." 

"  On  the  stairs  of  his  apartment  there  was  the  lamentation  of 
the  old  and  infirm,  and  the  sobbing  of  women  ;  poor  objects  of  his 
charity,  to  whom  he  had  never  turned  a  deaf  ear,  even  when 

struggling  himself  with  poverty Mourners  without  a  home, 

without  domesticity  of  any  kind,  with  no  friend  but  him  they  had 
come  to  weep  for ;  outcasts  of  that  great,  solitary,  wicked  city,  to 
whom  he  had  never  forgotten  to  be  kind  and  charitable." 

And  the  beautiful  Jessamy  Bride,  whom  perhaps  poor 
Goldsmith  loved  more  than  he  ever  loved  any  other 
woman, — whose  image  was  associated  with  his  happiest 
days  on  earth, — she  was  not  absent  at  this  hour;  the  coffin 
was  opened  at  her  request;  and  she  bore  away  a  lock  of 
his  hair,  which  "she  treasured  to  her  dying  day." 

" '  I  was  abroad  at  the  time  of  his  death.'  writes  Dr.  McDonnell, 
a  youth  whom  when  in  distress  he  had  employed  as  an  amanuen 
sis,  'and  I  wept  bitterly  when  the  intelligence  first  reached  me 
A  blank  came  over  my  heart  as  if  I  had  lost  one  of  my  nearest  rela 
tives,  and  was  followed  for  some  days  by  a  feeling  of  despondency.' ' 
"'Of  poor  dear  Goldsmith,'  writes  Johnson,  three  months  after 
the  event,  '  there  is  little  to  be  told  more  than  the  papers  have 
made  public.  He  died  of  a  fever,  made,  I  am  afraid,  more  violem 
by  uneasiness  of  mind.  His  debts  began  to  be  heavy,  and  all  his 
resources  were  exhausted.  Sir  Joshua  is  of  opinion  that  he  owec 
not  less  than  two  thousand  pounds.  Was  ever  poet  so  trustee 
before?'" 

The  unhappy  state  of  his  affairs,  thus  alluded  to,  pre 
vented  that  pompous  funeral  with  which  his  friends  pro 
posed  to  testify  their  admiration  of  his  genius  and  regre 
for  his  loss. 

He  was  privately  interred  in  the  burial-ground  of  th< 
Temple  Church ;  but  his  monument  in  Westminster  Abbey 
dignified  by  the  celebrated  epitaph  of  Johnson,  and  no 
unworthy  of  the  pen  of  the  disciple  of  Sir  Thomas  Browne 
arrests  the  steps  of  the  contemplative  stranger  as  he  lin 
gers  in  the  aisles  of  the  departed  great.  To  that  epitaph 
who  would  not  be  willing  to  add  the  emphatic  testimony 
of  its  author  to  the  genius  of  its  subject? — "Let  not  hi 
faults  be  remembered :  he  was  a  very  great  man." 

And  now,  in  the  calm  review  of  the  chequered  life  of  the 
author  of  the  Traveller  and  the  Deserted  Village,  his  happj 
childhood,  his  youth  of  suffering,  his  manhood  of  alternati 
triumphs  and  mortifications,  his  last  days  of  embarrass 
ment  and  trial,  and  his  lonely  death  among  strangers,  un 
attended  by  one  friend  of  his  early  years,  who  can  refusi 
the  tribute  of  a  tear  to  the  touching  lines  in  which  thi 
stranger  and  pilgrim  on  the  earth  had  breathed  out  hi 
earnest  desire  to  die  amidst  the  scenes  of  his  childhood  ? 
"  In  all  my  wand'rings  round  this  world  of  care, 
In  all  my  griefs — and  God  has  giv'n  my  share — 
I  still  had  hopes  my  latest  hours  to  crown, 
Amidst  these  humble  bow'rs  to  lay  me  down ; 


GOL 

To  husband  out  life's  taper  at  the  close, 
And  keep  the  flame  from  wasting,  by  repose : 
I  still  had  hopes,  for  pride  attends  us  still, 
Amidst  the  swains  to  show  my  book-learn'd  skill, 
Around  my  fire  an  ev'ning  group  to  draw, 
And  tell  of  all  I  felt,  and  all  I  saw ; 
And,  as  a  hare  whom  hounds  and  horns  pursue 
Pants  to  the  place  from  whence  at  first  she  flew, 
I  still  had  hopes,  my  long  vexations  past, 
Here  to  return — and  die  at  home  at  last  1" 
We  still  have  much  to  tell  of  Goldsmith, — many  illus- 
rations  of  his  eccentricities,  many  anecdotes  of  his  sim 
plicity  ;  many  evidences  of  his  benevolence  of  heart ;  but 
we  have  already  extended  his  biography  until,  like  Robin 
in  the  churchyard,  we  are  afraid  to  look  behind  us,  and 
compute  the  space.     But  let  those  who  would  find  fault 
with  us  for  dwelling  so  long  on  Oliver  Goldsmith  turn  at 
once  to  the  political  economy,  the  commerce,  the  meta 
physics,  of  our  volume.     They  are  not  at  home  here :  to 
quote  Dr.  Johnson's  character  of  his  Lichfield  friend,  their 
"  talk  is  of  bullocks."     And,  now  that  we  have  banished 
from  our  little  company  those  who  cannot  sympathize  with 
the  enthusiasm  of  which  we  are  not  ashamed  and  for  which 
therefore  we  offer  no  excuse,  let  us  return  to  the  contempla 
tion  of  a  character  which  we  cannot  but  warmly  love,  even 
whilst  unable  at  all  times  to  commend. 

The  faults  of  Goldsmith,  like  the  faults  of  other  men,  are 
neither  to  be  denied  nor  excused.  His  improvidence,  his 
fondness  for  games  of  chance,  and  his  want  of  high  moral 
and  religious  tone,  are  deeply  to  be  deplored ;  but  that 
genuine  and  ever-flowing  benevolence  of  heart  which  few 
have  equalled,  and  perhaps  none  excelled,  calls  for  our 
unmixed  admiration  and  hearty  esteem.  Of  this  amiable 
trait  we  could  produce  many  instances; — taking  the  blankets 
from  his  own  bed  to  cover  a  poor  woman  and  her  helpless 
children;  leaving  a  gay  party  in  the  midst  of  his  amuse 
ments,  or  his  bed  in  the  dead  of  night  to  relieve  a  poor 
creature  in  the  street ;  pouring  out  his  hard-earned  pro 
fits  like  water  to  supply  destitute  authors  with  the  comforts 
of  life ;  spending  the  wages  of  an  usher's  servitude  in  gin 
gerbread  for  the  children  and  alms  for  those  who  lacked 
bread ; — but  we  must  be  content  with  the  touching  narra 
tive  of  one  scene,  which  George  Colman  has  himself  told 
so  well  that  we  shall  not  attempt  to  tell  it  for  him  : 

"  I  was  only  five  years  old  when  Goldsmith  took  me  on  his  knee, 
while  he  was  drinking  coffee,  one  evening,  with  my  father,  and 
began  to  play  with  me ;  which  amiable  act  I  returned  with  th« 
ingratitude  of  a  peevish  brat,  by  giving  him  a  very  smart  slap  oc 
the  face :  it  must  have  been  a  tingler,  for  it  left  the  marks  of  mj 
little  spiteful  paw  upon  his  cheek.  This  infantile  outrage  was 
followed  by  summary  justice,  and  I  was  locked  up  by  my  indig 
nant  father  in  an  adjoining  room,  to  undergo  solitary  imprison 
ment  in  the  dark.  Here  I  began  to  howl  and  scream  mosl 
abominably;  which  was  no  bad  step  towards  liberation,  since 
those  who  were  not  inclined  to  pity  me  might  be  likely  to  set  nu 
free,  for  the  purpose  of  abating  a  nuisance. 

"At  length  a  generous  friend  appeared  to  extricate  me  fron 
jeopardy,  and  that  generous  friend  was  no  other  than  the  man  ] 
had  so  wantonly  molested  by  assault  and  battery,— it  was  th< 
tender-hearted  doctor  himself,  with  a  lighted  candle  in  his  hand 
and  a  smile  upon  his  countenance,  which  was  still  partially  ree 
from  the  effects  of  my  petulance.  I  sulked  and  sobbed,  and  hi 
fondled  and  soothed,  till  I  began  to  brighten.  Goldsmith,  wh< 
in  regard  to  children  was  like  the  Village  Preacher  he  has  s< 
beautifully  described,— for 

'  Their  welfare  pleased  him,  and  their  cares  distressed,' — 
seized  the  propitious  moment  of  returning  good-humour;  so  hi 
put  down  the  candle  and  began  to  conjure.  He  placed  three  hats 
which  happened  to  be  in  the  room,  upon  the  carpet,  and  a  shillinj 
under  each :  the  shillings,  he  told  me,  were  England,  France,  an< 
Spain.  'Hey,  presto,  cockoloruui!'  cried  the  doctor,  and,  lo!  or 
uncovering  the  shillings  which  had  been  dispersed,  each  beneat! 
a  separate  hat,  they  were  all  found  congregated  under  one.  I  wa 
no  politician  at  five  years  old,  and,  therefore,  might  not  hav 
wondered  at  the  sudden  revolution  which  brought  England 
France,  and  Spain,  all  under  one  crown ;  but,  as  I  was  also  n 
conjurer,  it  amazed  me  beyond  measure.  Astonishment  migh 
have  amounted  to  awe  for  one  who  appeared  to  me  gifted  with  th 
power  of  performing  miracles,  if  the  good-nature  of  the  man  ha< 
not  obviated  my  dread  of  the  magician ;  but,  from  that  tim« 
whenever  the  doctor  came  to  visit  my  father, 

'  I  pluck'd  his  gown  to  share  the  good  man's  smile ;' 
a  game  at  romps  constantly  ensued,  and  wo  were  always  cordia 
friends  and  merry  playfellows.  Our  unequal  companions!)] 
varied  somewhat  in  point  of  sports  as  I  grew  older,  but  it  did  no 
last  long;  my  senior  playmate  died,  alas!  in  his  forty-fifth  yeai 
some  months  after  I  had  attained  my  eleventh.  His  death,  it  ha 
been  thought,  was  hastened  by  'mental  inquietude.'  If  thi 
supposition  be  true,  never  did  the  turmoils  of  life  subdue  a  mini 
more  warm  with  sympathy  for  the  misfortunes  of  our  fellow-crea 
tures.  But  his  character  is  familiar  to  every  one  who  reads :  ii 
all  the  numerous  accounts  of  his  virtues  and  foibles,  his  geniu 
and  absurdities,  his  knowledge  of  nature  and  his  ignorance  of  th 
world,  his  'compassion  for  another's  woe'  was  always  predomi 
nant;  and  my  trivial  story  of  his  humouring  a  froward  chili 
weighs  but  a  feather  in  the  recorded  scale  of  his  benevolence." 
We  should  hardly  feel  that  our  duty  as  a  biographe: 


GOL 


GOL 


was  entirely  fulfilled  did  we  omit  to  allude  rather  more 
fully  than  we  have  yet  done  to  poor  Goldsmith's  ineffectual 
efforts  to  shine  as  a  star  of  the  first  magnitude  in  that 
brilliant  galaxy  of  conversationists  which  could  at  the 
same  moment  boast  of  a  Johnson,  a  Burke,  a  Reynolds,  a 
Beauclerc,  and  a  Langton.  Many  amusing  anecdotes  of 
Goldsmith's  colloquial  essays — not  always  unrewarded 
with  success — will  be  found  in  Boswell's  Life  of  Johnson, 
and  in  other  works  which  shall  be  cited  before  we  con 
clude  our  notice. 

"  Of  our  friend  Goldsmith  he  [Johnson]  said,  '  Sir.  he  is  so  much 
afraid  of  being  unnoticed,  that  he  often  talks  merely  lest  you 
should  forget  that  he  is  in  the  company.'  BOSWELL:  'Yes,  he 
stands  forward.'  JOHNSON  :  '  True,  sir.  but  if  a  man  is  to  stand 
forward,  he  should  wish  to  do  it  not  in  an  awkward  posture,  not 
in  rags,  not  so  as  that  he  shall  be  exposed  to  ridicule.'  BOSWELL  : 
'For  my  part,  I  like  very  well  to  hear  honest  Goldsmith  talk 
away  carelessly.'  JOHNSON:  'Why,  yes,  sir,  but  he  should  not 
like  to  hear  himself.  The  misfortune  of  Goldsmith's  conversa 
tion  is  this:  he  goes  on  without  knowing  how  he  is  to  get  oif. 
His  genius  is  great,  but  his  knowledge  is  small.  As  they  say  of  a 
generous  man,  it  is  a  pity  he  is  not  rich,  we  may  say  of  Goldsmith, 
it  is  a  pity  he  is  not  knowing.  He  would  not  keep  his  knowledge 
to  himself.  .  .  .  Sir,  he  knows  nothing,  he  has  made  up  his  mind 
about  nothing.  .  .  .  No  man  was  more  foolish  when  he  had  not  a 
pen  in  his  hand,  or  more  wise  when  he  had.  .  .  .  Goldsmith 
should  not  be  forever  attempting  to  shine  in  conversation :  he  has 
not  temper  for  it,  he  is  so  much  mortified  when  he  fails.  Sir,  a 
game  of  jokes  is  composed  partly  of  skill,  partly  of  chance,  as  a 
man  may  be  beat  at  times  by  one  who  has  not  the  tenth  part  of 
his  wit.  Now  Goldsmith's  putting  himself  against  another,  is 
like  a  man  laying  a  hundred  to  one  who  cannot  spare  the  hun 
dred.  It  is  not  worth  a  man's  while.' " 

Boswell  gives  us  a  characteristic  illustration  of  the 
candid  manner  in  which  Goldsmith  would  let  the  company 
know  what  was  passing  in  his  mind  : 

"Goldsmith,  in  his  diverting  simplicity,  complained  one  day, 
in  a  mixed  company,  of  Lord  Camden : — '  I  met  him,'  said  he,  '  at 
Lord  Clare's  house  in  the  country,  and  he  took  no  more  notice  of 
me  than  if  I  had  been  an  ordinary  man.'  " 

The  laugh  which  Burke  raised  at  his  expense  on  the  occa- 
tion  of  the  visit  of  some  foreign  ladies  to  London  is  an 
other  proof  that  the  popular  poet,  the  charming  novelist, 
the  successful  dramatist,  and  the  witty  essayist,  was  not 
disposed  to  underrate  his  claims  to  public  admiration. 

It  is  natural  to  wish  to  know  something  of  the  personal 
appearance  and  social  manners  of  those  in  whose  works 
or  character  we  take  an  interest  : 

"In  person,"  says  Judge  Day,  "  he  was  short,  about  five  feet  five 
or  six  inches ;  strong,  but  not  heavy, in  make:  rather  fair  in  com 
plexion,  with  brown  hair;  such,  at  least,  as  could  be  distinguished 
from  his  wig.  His  features  were  plain,  but  not  repulsive,— cer 
tainly  not  so  when  lighted  up  by  conversation.  His  manners 
were  simple,  natural,  and  perhaps  on  the  whole,  we  may  say.  not 
polished;  at  least  without  the  refinement  and  pood  breeding 
which  the  exquisite  polish  of  his  compositions  would  lead  us  to 
expect  He  was  always  cheerful  and  animated,  often,  indeed, 
boisterous  in  his  mirth ;  entered  with  spirit  into  convivial  society ; 
contributed  largely  to  its  enjoyments  by  solidity  of  information, 
and  the  naivete  and  originality  of  his  character;  talked  often 
without  premeditation,  and  laughed  loudly  without  restraint." 

But  we  promised  to  gratify  the  reader  with  the  citations 
of  some  opinions,  in  addition  to  the  many  which  we  have 
already  recorded,  respecting  the  merits  of  several  of  Gold 
smith's  most  admired  works,  and  his  general  characteristics 
as  a  writer.  This  promise  it  now  becomes  us  to  fulfil. 

THE  VICAR  OP  WAKEFIELD  : 

"  Now  Herder  came,  and  together  with  his  great  knowledge 
brought  many  other  aids,  and  the  later  publications  besides. 
Among  these  he  announced  to  us  the  '  Vicar  of  Wakefield'  as  an 
excellent  work,  with  the  German  translation  of  which  he  would 
make  us  acquainted  by  reading  it  aloud  to  us  himself.  .  .  .  The 
delineation  of  this  character  [that  of  the  '  excellent  Wakefield'] 
on  bis  course  of  life  through  joys  and  sorrows,  the  ever-increasing 
interest  df  the  story,  by  the  combination  of  the  entirely  natural 
with  the  strange  and  the  singular,  make  this  novel  one  of  the 
best  which  has  ever  been  written.  ...  I  may  suppose  that  my 
readers  know  this  work,  and  have  it  in  memory ;  whoever  hears 
it  named  for  the  first  time  here,  as  well  as  he  who  is  induced  to 


The  great  German  dwells  at  length  upon  the  merits  of 
the  work,  but  we  must  be  content  with  our  brief  quota 
tion.  He 

"  Declared  in  his  eighty-first  year  that  it  was  his  delight  at  the 
age  of  twenty,  that  it  had  m  a  manner  formed  a  part  of  his  educa 
tion  influencing  his  taste  and  feelings  throughout  life  and  that 
he  had  recently  read  it  again  fr0m  beginning  to  end  with r*> 
newed L  delight,  and  with  a  grateful  sen*  of  the  early  benefit  <E 
nved  iroin  IT. 

This  testimony  will  remind  the  reader  of  the  eloquent 
tribute  of  the  Great  Magician  of  the  North  : 

"  The  admirable  ease  and  grace  of  the  narrative  as  well  as  thft 
pleasing  truth  with  which  the  principal  characters  are  designed 
make  the  Vicar  of  Wakefield  one  of  the  most  delicious  morsels  of 
fictitious  composition  on  which  the  human  mind  was  ever  em 
ployed.  ...  We  read  the  Vicar  of  Wakffidd  in  youth  and  in  atre  • 
we  return  to  it  again  and  again,  and  bless  the  memory  of  an 


author  who  contrives  so  well  to  reconcile  us  to  human  nature  " 

SIR  WALTLR  SCOTT  :  Life  of  Goldsmith. 

"  The  humanity  of  the  Vicar  of  Wakefield  is  less  deep  than  that 
of  Roderick  Random,  but  sweeter  tinges  of  fancy  are  cast  over  it. 
The  sphere  in  which  Goldsmith's  power  moved  was  never  very  ex 
tensive,  but  within  it  he  discovered  all  that  was  good,  and  shed 
on  it  the  tenderest  lights  of  his  sympathizing  genius.  No  one 
ever  excelled  so  much  as  he  in  depicting  amiable  follies  and  en 
dearing  weaknesses.  His  satire  makes  us  at  once  smile  at  and 
love  all  that  he  so  tenderly  ridicules.  The  good  Vicar's  trust  in 
Monogamy,  his  son's  purchase  of  the  spectacles,  his  own  sale  of 
his  horse  to  his  solemn  admirer  at  the  fair,  the  blameless  vanities 
of  his  daughters,  aud  his  resignation  under  his  accumulated  sor 
rows,  are  among  the  best  treasures  of  memory.  The  pastoral 
scenes  in  this  exquisite  tale  are  the  sweetest  in  the  world.  The 
scents  of  the  hay-field  and  of  the  blossoming  hedge-rows  seem  to 
come  freshly  to  our  senses.  The  whole  romance  is  a  tenderly- 
coloured  picture,  in  little,  of  human  nature's  most  genial  quali 
ties."— SIR  T.  N.  TALFOURD  :  MisedL  Writings. 

"  It  is  needless  to  expatiate  upon  the  qualities  of  a  work  which 
has  thus  passed  from  country  to  country,  and  language  to  lan 
guage,  until  it  is  now  known  throughout  the  whole  reading 
world,  and  is  become  a  household  book  in  every  land.  The  secret 
of  its  universal  and  enduring  popularity  is  undoubtedly  its  truth 
to  nature,  but  to  nature  of  the  most  amiable  kind ;  to  nature  such 
as  Goldsmith  saw  it.  ...  Rogers,  the  Nestor  of  British  literature, 
whose  refined  purity  of  taste  and  exquisite  mental  organization 
rendered  him  eminently  calculated  to  appreciate  a  work  of  the 
kind,  declared  that  of  all  the  books,  which,  through  the  fitful 
changes  of  three  generations  he  had  seen  rise  and  fall,  the  charm 
of  the  Vicar  of  Wakefield  had  alone  continued  as  at  first ;  and 
could  he  revisit  the  world  after  an  interval  of  many  more  genera 
tions,  he  should  as  surely  look  to  find  it  undiminished."— WASH 
INGTON  IRVING  :  Life  of  Goldsmith. 

We  give  some  opinions  from  other  biographers  and  ad 
mirers  of  Goldsmith  : 

"Fortunately  he  had  just  finished  his  delightful  history  of  the 
Vicar  of  Wakefield;  a  tale  which,  if  I  may  without  presumption 
speak  my  own  opinion,  I  should  for  sweetness  and  simplicity  of 
style,  truth  of  circumstance,  adherence  to  nature,  easy  change  of 
incident,  bright  and  clear  delineation  of  character,  apart  from  all 
violent  exaggeration,  and  command  at  once  of  the  humourous  and 
pathetic,  place  among  the  very  foremost  productions  of  fiction.  It 
has  the  truth  of  Richardson  without  his  minuteness,  and  the 
humour  of  Fielding  without  his  grossness :  if  it  yields  to  Le  Sage 
in  the  diversified  variety  of  his  views  of  life,  it  far  excels  him  in 
the  description  of  the  domestic  virtues,  and  the  pleasing  moral 
of  the  tale."— REV.  JOHN  MITFORD  :  Life  of  Goldsmith. 

"  With  its  ease  of  style,  its  turns  of  thought  so  whimsical  yet 
wise,  and  the  humour  and  wit  which  sparkle  freshly  through  its 
narrative,  we  have  all  of  us  profitably  amused  the  idle  or  the 
vacant  hour;  from  year  to  year  we  have  had  its  tender  or  mirthful 
incidents,  its  forms  so  homely  in  their  beauty,  its  pathos  and  its 
comedy,  given  back  to  us  from  the  canvas  of  our  Wilkes,  Newtons, 
and  Stothards,  our  Leslies,  Maclises.  and  Mulreadys;  but  not  in 
those  graces  of  style,  or  even  in  that  home  cherished  gallery  of 
familiar  faces,  can  the  secret  of  its  extraordinary  fascination  be 
said  to  consist.  It  lies  nearer  the  heart.  A  something  which  has 
found  its  way  there;  which,  while  it  amused,  has  made  us  hap 
pier;  which,  gently  inweaving  itself  with  our  habits  of  thought, 
has  increased  our  good-humour  and  charity;  which,  insensibly  it 
may  be.  has  corrected  wilful  impatiences  of  temper,  and  made  the 
world's  daily  accidents  easier  and  kinder  to  us  all:  somewhat 
thus  should  be  expressed.  I  think,  the  charm  of  the  Vicar  of 
Wal-efidd:'—3oHy  FORSTER  :  Life  of  Goldsmith 

"  His  Vicar  of  Wakefield  has  charmed  all  Europe.  What  reader 
is  there  in  the  civilized  world  who  is  not  the  better  for  the  story 
of  the  washes  which  the  worthy  Dr.  Primrose  demolished  so  de 
liberately  with  the  poker— for  the  knowledge  of  the  guinea  which 
the  Miss  Primroses  kept  unchanged  in  their  pockets. — the  adven 
ture  of  the  picture  of  the  Vicar's  family,  which  could  not  be  got 
into  the  house,— and  that  of  the  Flamborough  family,  all  painted 
with  oranges  in  their  hands,— or  for  the  story  of  the  case  of 
shagreen  spectacles  and  the  cosmogony?" — HAZLITT:  Lectures  on 
the  English  Pods. 

"Look  ye  now,  for  one  moment,  at  the  deep  and  delicate  hu 
mour  of  Goldsmith.  How  at  his  touch  the  venial  infirmities  and 
vanity  of  this  good  Vicar  of  Wakefield  live  lovingly  before  the 
mind's  eye !  How  we  sympathize  with  poor  Moses  in  that  deep 
trade  of  his  for  the  green  spectacles!  How  all  our  good  wishes 
for  aspiring  rusticity  thrill  for  the  showman  who  would  let  his 
bear  dance  only  to  the  genteelest  tunes!"— WHIFFLE  :  Lectures- 
Wit  and  Humour. 

THE  TRAVELLER;  A  POEM: 

"We  talked  of  Goldsmith's  Traveller,  of   which  Dr.  Johnson 
spoke  highly ;  and  while  I  was  helping  him  on  with  his  great 
coat,  he  repeated  from   it  the  character  of  the  British  nation, 
which  he  did  with  such  energy  that  the  tear  started  into  his  eye : 
"  '  Stern  o'er  each  bosom  reason  holds  her  state, 
With  daring  aims  irregularly  great, 
Pride  in  their  port,  defiance  in  their  eye,  »  ,  ,. 

I  see  the  lords  of  human  kind  pass  by, 
Intent  on  high  designs,  a  thoughtful  band, 
By  forms  unfashion'd,  fresh  from  nature's  hand; 
Fierce  in  their  native  hardiness  of  soul, 
True  to  imagined  right,  above  controul, 
While  even  the  peasant  boasts  these  rights  to  scan, 
And  learns  to  venerate  himself  as  man.'  " 

BoswelVs  Life  of  Johnson. 

Here  we  have  epigrammatic  terseness  indeed;  but  the 
character  of  a  nation  of  a  very  different  complexion  is 
even  still  more  concisely  expressed  : 

"There  is,  perhaps,  no  couplet  in  English  rhyme  more  per- 
spicuously  condensed  than  these  two  lines  of  The  Traveller,  in 


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which  the  author  describes  the  at  once  flattering,  vain,  and  happy 
character  of  the  French. 

['  They  please,  are  pleased,  they  give  to  get  esteem, 
Till,  seeming  blest,  they  grow  to  what  they  seem.']" 

THOMAS  CAMPBELL. 

"The  Traveller  is  indeed  a  very  finished  and  a  very  noble  poem. 
The  sentiments  are  always  interesting,  generally  just,  and  often 
new ;  the  imagery  is  elegant,  picturesque,  and  occasionally  sub 
lime  ;  the  language  is  nervous,  highly  finished,  and  full  of  har 
mony."— SIR  S.  EGERTON  BRYDGES  :  Life  of  Goldsmith  in  Centura 
Literaria. 

"  In  The  Traveller  Goldsmith  has  expressed,  in  verse  of  un 
equalled  grace,  the  philosophy  of  man  and  of  society  which  in 
other  forms  pervades  his  entire  writings.  The  doctrine  he  dis 
closes  in  this  poetical  survey  is  the  basis  of  all  that  strain  of 
universal  tolerance  and  moderation  which  constituted  the  whole 
extent  of  his  political  and  moral  views.  And  doubtless  it  is  no 
bad  philosophy.  .  .  .  However  the  philosophy  of  The  Traveller 
may  be  praised  or  censured,  there  is,  we  presume,  little  dispute 
about  the  poetry.  There  has  seldom  been  so  much  lively  and 
varied  description  comprised  in  so  small  a  space,  and  ornamented 
with  moral  associations  so  touching  and  true." — PROF.  BUTLER: 
Gallery  of  lllust.  Irish-men :  Dubl.  Univ.  Mag.,  vii.  51,  52. 

"The  Traveller  has  the  most  ambitious  aim  of  Goldsmith's 
poetical  compositions.  The  author,  placed  on  a  height  of  the 
Alps,  muses  and  moralizes  on  the  countries  around  him.  His 
object,  it  appears,  is  to  show  the  equality  of  happiness  which  con 
sists  with  diversities  of  circumstances  and  situations.  The  poem 
is,  therefore,  mainly  didactic.  Description  and  reflection  are  sub 
servient  to  an  ethical  purpose,  and  this  purpose  is  never  left  out 
of  sight.  The  descriptive  passages  are  all  vivid,  but  some  of  them 
are  imperfect.  Italy,  for  instance,  in  its  prominent  aspects,  is 
boldly  sketched.  We  are  transported  to  the  midst  of  its  moun 
tains,  woods,  and  temples ;  we  are  under  its  sunny  skies,  we  are 
embosomed  in  its  fruits  and  flowers,  we  breathe  its  fragrant  air, 
and  we  are  charmed  by  its  matchless  landscapes;  but  we  miss 
the  influence  of  its  arts,  and  the  solemn  impression  of  its  former 
grandeur.  We  are  made  to  survey  a  nation  in  degeneracy  and 
decay ;  but  we  are  not  relieved  by  the  glow  of  Raffael,  or  excited 
by  the  might  of  the  Coliseum."— HENRY  GJLES  :  Lectures  and  Es 
says:  Oliver  Goldsmith. 

THE  DESERTED  VILLAGE  ;  A  POEM  : 

"The  Deserted  Village  has  an  endearing  locality,  and  introduces 
us  to  beings  with  whom  the  imagination  contracts  an  intimate 
friendship.  Fiction  in  poetry  is  not  the  reverse  of  truth,  but  her 
soft  and  enchanted  resemblance;  and  this  ideal  beauty  of  nature 
has  been  seldom  united  with  so  much  sober  fidelity  as  in  the 
groups  and  scenery  of  the  Deserted  Village."— THOMAS  CAMPBELL. 

"  The  Deserted  Village  is  a  poem  far  inferior  to  The  Traveller, 
though  it  contains  many  beautiful  passages.  I  do  not  enter  into 
its  pretensions  to  skill  in  political  economy,  though,  in  that  respect, 
it  contains  a  strange  mixture  of  important  truths.  My  business 
is  with  the  poetry.  Its  inferiority  to  its  predecessor  [The  Traveller] 
arises  from  its  comparative  want  of  compression*  as  well  as  of  force 
and  novelty  of  imagery.  Its  tone  of  melancholy  is  more  sickly, 
and  some  of  the  descriptions  which  have  been  most  praised  are 
marked  by  all  the  poverty  and  flatness,  and  indeed  are  peopled 
with  the  sort  of  comic  and  grotesque  figures,  of  a  Flemish  land 
scape."— SIR  S.  EGERTON  BRYDGES  :  Life  of  Goldsmith  in  Censura 
Literaria, 

Read  this  remarkable  piece  of  criticism, — that  on  The 
Deserted  Village, — with  which  we  imagine  few  readers  will 
concur. 

"Goethe  tells  the  transport  with  which  the  circle  he  now  lived 
in  hailed  it,  when  they  found  themselves  once  more  as  in  another 
beloved  Wakefield;  and  with  what  zeal  he  at  once  set  to  work  to 
translate  it  into  German.  One  tribute  he  did  not  hear,  and  was 
never  conscious  of;  yet  from  truer  heart  or  finer  genius  he  had 
none,  and  none  that  should  have  given  him  greater  pride.  Gray 
was  passing  the  summer  at  Malvern  (the  last  summer  of  his  life) 
with  his  friend  Nicholls,  when  the  poem  came  out;  and  he  desired 
Nicholls  to  read  it  aloud  to  him.  He  listened  to  it  with  fixed  ai> 
teution  from  the  beginning  to  the  end,  and  then  exclaimed,  lTkat 
man  is  a  poet.'  .  .  .  All  the  characteristics  of  the  first  poem  [The 
Traveller]  seem  to  me  developed  in  the  second;  with  as  chaste 
simplicity,  with  as  choice  selectness  of  natural  expression,  in  verse 
of  as  musical  cadence;  but  with  yet  greater  earnestness  of  pur 
pose,  and  a  far  more  human  interest.  .  .  .  Within  the  circle  of  its 
claims  and  pretensions,  a  more  entirely  satisfactory  delightful  poem 
than  the  Deserted  Village  was  probably  never  written.  It  lingers 
in  the  memory  where  once  it  has  entered;  and  such  is  the  soften 
ing  influence  (on  the  heart  even  more  than  the  understanding)  of 
the  mild,  tender,  yet  clear  light  which  makes  its  images  so  distinct 
and  lovely,  that  there  are  few  who  have  not  wished  to  rate  it  higher 
than  poetry  of  yet  higher  genius.  '  What  true  and  pretty  pastoral 
images,'  exclaimed  Burke,  years  after  the  poet's  death,  '  has  Gold 
smith  in  his  Deserted  Village!  They  beat  all :  Pope  and  Phillips, 
and  Spenser  too,  in  my  opinion.'  "—JOHN  FORSTER  :  Life  of  Goldsmith. 

"As  we  do  not  pretend  in  this  summary  memoir  to  go  into  a 
criticism  or  analysis  of  any  of  Goldsmith's  writings,  we  shall  not 
dwell  upon  the  peculiar  merits  of  this  poem;  we  cannot  help  no 
ticing,  however,  how  truly  it  is  a  mirror  of  the  author's  heart,  and 
of  all  the  fond  pictures  of  early  friends  and  early  life  forever  present 
there.  It  seems  to  us  as  if  the  very  last  accounts  received  from 
home,  of  his  '  shattered  family,'  and  the  desolation  that  seemed  to 
have  settled  upon  the  haunts  of  his  childhood,  had  cut  to  the  roots 
one  fondly-cherished  hope,  and  produced  the  following  exquisitely 
tender  and  mournful  lines: 

"'In  all  my  wand'rings  round  this  world  of  care, 
In  all  my  griefs — and  God  has  giv'n  my  share' — 

[Quotation  continued  to  and  including  the  line  "  Here  to  return 
and  die  at  home  at  last."] 

"  How  touchingly  expressive  are  the  succeeding  lines,  wrung 
from  a  heart  which  all  the  trials  and  temptations  and  buffetings 


of  the  world  could  not  render  worldly;  which,  amid  a  thousand 
follies  and  errors  of  the  head,  still  retained  its  childlike  innocence; 
and  which,  doomed  to  struggle  on  to  the  last  amidst  the  din  and 
turmoil  of  the  metropolis,  had  ever  been  cheating  itself  with  a 
dream  of  rural  quiet  and  seclusion : 

"'Oh  bless'd  retirement!  friend  to  life's  decline, 
Retreats  from  care  that  never  must  be  mine.' " 

[Quotation  continued  to  and  including  the  line  "  His  heaven 
commences  ere  the  world  be  past."] 

WASHINGTON  IRVING  :  Life  of  Goldsmith. 

"  Yet  even  the  Traveller  had  not  shewn  the  perfection  which 
Goldsmith's  genius  was  capable  of  attaining.  It  remained  for  him 
still  to  present  to  his  countrymen  a  poem  which  contains  a  more 
accurate  portraiture  of  nature  in  one  of  its  sweetest  phases,  a  more 
profound  pathos,  and  a  more  exquisite  selection  of  affecting  images 
than  any  production  of  its  class  in  this  or  in  any  other  language." 
— PROF.  BUTLER:  Gattery  of  Must.  Irishmen;  Goldsmith:  Dubl. 
Univ.  Mag.,  vii.  52. 

THE  CITIZEN  OF  THE  WORLD;  OR,  LETTERS  OP  A  CHINESE 
PHILOSOPHER. 

"  Goldsmith's  Citizen  of  the  World,  like  all  his  works,  bears  the 
stamp  of  the  author's  mind.  It  does  not '  go  about  to  cozen  repu 
tation  without  the  stamp  of  merit.'  He  is  more  observing,  more 
original,  more  natural  and  picturesque  than  Johnson.  His  work 
is  written  on  the  model  of  the  Persian  Letters,  and  contrives  to 
give  an  abstracted  and  somewhat  perplexing  view  of  things,  by 
opposing  foreign  prepossessions  to  our  own,  and  thus  stripping 
objects  of  their  customary  disguises.  Whether  truth  is  elicited  in 
this  collision  of  contrary  absurdities,  I  do  not  know ;  but  I  confess 
the  process  is  too  ambiguous  and  full  of  intricacy  to  be  very  amus 
ing  to  my  plain  understanding.  For  light  summer  reading  it  is  like 
walking  through  a  garden  full  of  traps  and  pitfalls.  .  . .  Beau  Tibbs, 
a  prominent  character  in  this  little  work,  is  the  best  comic  sketch 
since  the  time  of  Addison ;  unrivalled  in  his  fancy,  his  vanity, 
and  his  poverty."— HAZLITT:  On  the  Periodical  Essayists. 

"  If  in  any  of  his  writings  Goldsmith  could  be  truly  said  to  have 
echoed  the  measured  tone  of  Johnson,  it  was  probably  in  his  most 
varied  and  agreeable  Citizen  of  the  World ;  a  work  written  at  a 
period  when  his  genius  was  scarcely  yet  independent  enough  to 
allow  of  abjuring  allegiance  to  the  reigning  powers  of  literature. 
Yet  even  here  an  imitation  is  but  sometimes  perceptible,  and  when 
ever  it  occurred  was,  perhaps,  only  the  involuntary  work  of  the 
ear  taking  up  the  rich  and  elaborate  harmony  which  it  was  most 
accustomed  to  hear,  and  which,  in  those  days,  was  seldom  heard 
unaccompanied  by  unqualified  manifestations  of  almost  rapturous 
applause.  ...  Of  that  gay  and  sparkling  facetiousness  which  he 
himself  was  wont  to  admire  so  highly  in  other  writers,  the  instances 
in  this  collection  are  innumerable." — PROF.  BUTLER:  Gallery  of 
lllust.  Irishmen :  Goldsmith :  Dubl.  Univ.  Mag.,  vii.  44,  45. 

Having  thus  given  copious  quotations  from  eminent 
authorities  respecting  the  best-known  of  the  productions 
of  Goldsmith,  we  imagine  that  the  reader  will  not  be  dis 
pleased  if  we  enlarge  our  article  by  citing  opinions  on  the 
general  characteristics  of  an  author  so  justly  distinguished 
and  so  general  a  favourite. 

"  A  man  of  such  variety  of  powers,  and  such  felicity  of  per 
formance,  that  he  always  seemed  to  do  best  that  which  he  was 
doing;  a  man  who  had  the  art  of  being  minute  without  tedious- 
ness,  and  general  without  confusion ;  whose  language  was  copious 
without  exuberance,  exact  without  constraint,  and  easy  without 
weakness."— DR.  JOHNSON  :  Life  of  Dr.  Parnell. 

"Whether,  indeed,  we  take  him  as  a  poet,  as  a  comic  writer,  or 
as  a  historian,  he  stands  in  the  first  class.  ...  He  deserved  a  place 
in  Westminster  Abbey ;  and  every  year  he  lived  would  have  de 
served  it  better."— DR.  JOHNSON  :  Life  by  Boswell. 

On  another  occasion,  when  Goldsmith's  character  was 
attacked  by  some  who  were  dining  at  Sir  Joshua  Rey- 
nolds's,  Johnson  exclaimed  with  warmth,  "  Is  there  a  man, 
sir,  now,  who  can  pen  an  essay  with  such  ease  and  elegance 
as  Dr.  Goldsmith  ?" 

"The  wreath  of  Goldsmith  is  unsullied;  he  wrote  to  exalt  virtue 
and  expose  vice;  and  he  accomplished  his  task  in  a  manner  which 
raises  him  to  the  highest  rank  among  British  authors.  We  close 
his  volume  with  a  sigh  that  such  an  author  should  have  written 
so  little  from  the  stores  of  his  own  genius,  and  that  he  should  have 
been  so  prematurely  removed  from  the  sphere  of  literature  which 
he  so  highly  adorned." — SIR  WALTER  SCOTT  :  Life  of  Goldsmith. 

"  Goldsmith,  both  in  verse  and  prose,  was  one  of  the  most  delight 
ful  writers  in  the  language.  His  verse  flows  like  a  limpid  stream. 
His  ease  is  quite  unconscious.  Every  thing  in  him  is  spontaneous, 
unstudied,  unaffected;  yet  elegant,  harmonious,  graceful,  and 
nearly  faultless.  ...  As  a  poet,  he  is  the  most  flowing  and  elegant 
of  our  versifiers  since  Pope,  with  traits  of  artless  nature  which 
Pope  had  not,  and  with  a  peculiar  felicity  in  his  turns  upon  words, 
which  he  constantly  repeated  with  delightful  effect." — HAZLITT. 

"As  for  Goldsmith  and  Churchill,  whatever  they  have  appeared 
to  owe  to  Pope,  they  are  remembered  and  admired  for  what  they 
possessed  independent  of  him,  each  having  wealth  enough  of  his 
own  to  be  a  freeholder  of  Parnassus,  after  paying  off  any  mortgage 
on  his  little  estate  due  to  that  enormous  capitalist."— J AS.  MONT 
GOMERY  :  Lect.  on  Mod.  Eng.  Lit. 

"  Goldsmith  I  have  already  had  occasion  to  mention  several  times 
in  the  course  of  these  Lectures,  as  the  various  classes  of  English 
Poetry  in  which  he  has  written  have  come  under  our  review.  He 
now  appears  before  us  in  the  character  of  a  Didactic  Poet;  and 
what  can  I  say  of  him  better  than  by  repeating  the  true  and  elo 
quent  eulogium  in  his  Epitaph? 

'  Nullum  quod  tetigit  non  ornavit.' 

The  'Traveller5  and  'The  Deserted  Village'  scarcely  claim  any 
notice  from  me.  They  are  in  every  one's  hands;  they  live  in 
every  one's  memory;  they  are  felt  in  everyone's  heart;  they  are 
daily  the  delight  of  millions."— HENRY  NEELE:  Lects.  on  Eng.  Poet. 

695 


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'There  is  something  in  Goldsmith's  prose  that  to  my  ear  is 
.commonly  sweet  and  harmonious;  it  is  clear,  simple,  easy  to  be 
nderstood ;  we  never  want  to  read  his  periods  twice  over,  except 
for  the  pleasure  it  bestows;  obscurity  never  calls  us  back  to  a 
repetition  of  it.  That  he  was  a  poet  there  is  no  doubt ;  but  the 
paucity  of  his  verse  does  not  allow  us  to  rank  him  in  that  high 
station  where  his  genius  might  have  carried  him.  There  must  be 
bulk,  variety,  and  grandeur  of  design  to  constitute  a  first-rate 
poet." — RICHARD  CUMBERLAND:  Memoirs. 

Prof.  Butler  criticizes  Cumberland's  comments— the 
whole  of  which  we  have  not  quoted,  and  the  reader,  we 
think,  will  be  gratified  with  the  professor's  comments  :  see 
Gallery  of  Illust.  Irishmen  ;  Goldsmith  ;  Dub.  Univ.  Mag., 
vii.  52,  53.  See  also  Sir  S.  Egerton  Brydges's  criticism 
on  Cumberland's  comments;  Censura  Literaria. 

"Goldsmith,  Cowper,  Burns,  are  all  original,  and  all  unequalled 
in  their  way.  Falconer  is  another  whose  works  will  last  forever." 
—ROBERT  SOUTHEY:  Life  and  Corresp.;  Letter  to  G.  C.  Bedford, 
April  13,  1805. 

'•Where  is  the  poetry  of  which  one-half  is  good?  Is  it  the 
Jftieid  f  is  it  Milton's  f  is  it  Dryderfs  f  is  it  any  one's  except  Pbpe's 
and  Goldsmith's,  of  which  all  is  good?" — Lord  Byron  to  Murray, 
April  23, 1820. 

"  His  pictures  may  be  small,  may  be  far  from  historical  pieces, 
amazing  or  confounding  us ;  may  be  even,  if  severest  criticism 
will  have  it  so.  mere  happy  tableaux  de  genre  hanging  up  against 
our  walls:  but  their  colours  are  exquisite  and  unfading;  they 
have  that  familiar  sweetness  of  household  expression  which  wins 
their  welcome  alike  where  the  rich  inhabit,  and  in  huts  where 
poor  men  lie;  and  there,  improving  and  gladdening  all.  they  are 
likely  to  hang  for  ever."— JOHX  FORSTER  :  Life  of  Goldsmith. 

Washington  Irving — the  very  sight  or  sound  of  whose 
beloved  name  never  fails  to  excite  pleasing  emotions  in 
thousands  of  bosoms  at  home  and  abroad — in  the  preface 
to  his  Life  of  Goldsmith  pays  the  following  beautiful 
tribute  to  his  author : 

"For  my  own  part,  I  can  only  regret  my  shortcomings  in  what 
to  me  is  a  labor  of  love;  for  it  is  a  tribute  of  gratitude  to  the 
memory  of  an  author  whose  writings  were  the  delight  of  my  child 
hood  and  have  been  a  source  of  enjoyment  to  me  throughout  life; 
and  to  whom,  of  all  others,  I  may  address  the  beautiful  apostrophe 
of  Dante  to  Virgil : 

"  '  Tu  se'  lo  mio  maestro,  e  '1  mio  autore : 
Tu  se'  solo  colui  da  cu'  io  tolsi 
Lo  bello  stile,  che  m'  ha  fatto  onore.' " 

"The  prose  of  Goldsmith  is  the  model  of  perfection,  and  the 
standard  of  our  language ;  to  equal  which  the  efforts  of  most 
would  be  vain,  and  to  exceed  it,  every  expectation  folly."— 
HEADLEY. 

"Goldsmith  is  one  of  the  most  various  and  most  pleasing  of 
English  writers.  He  touched  upon  every  kind  of  excellence,  and 
that  with  such  inimitable  grace,  that  where  he  failed  of  originality 
most  he  had  ever  a  freshness  and  a  charm." — MRS.  S.  C.  HALL. 

"  But  none  of  us  probably  ever  think  of  weighing  his  political 
opinions,  or  his  claims  to  the  title  of  a  great  philosophical  poet. 
His  fame  and  influence  depend  on  neither.  We  are  not  grateful 
to  him  because  he  possesses  extraordinary  poetical  power.  There 
is  so  much  of  genuine  feeling,  just  thought,  true  description,  and 
sound  moral  distinction,  in  these  poems,  [The  Traveller  and  The 
Deserted  Village,]  the  language  is  so  clear,  the  strain  so  liquid, 
the  general  style  not  quite  magnificent,  but  yet  of  such  an  easy, 
natural  elevation  and  dignity,  that  they  glide  into  our  affections 
and  memory  in  youth,  and  are  never  displaced,  we  apprehend,  by 
the  more  exciting  pleasures,  the  more  subtile  and  complicated 
conceptions,  which  we  owe  in  later  years  to  poetry  of  a  far  higher 
and  infinitely  more  varied  character." — E.  T.  CHANNING:  N.Amer. 
Rev.,  xlv.  91-116. 

It  would  not  be  difficult  to  greatly  extend  our  quota 
tions, — indeed  the  difficulty  is  to  refrain  from  quoting, 
with  so  many  authorities  yet  unnoticed  at  our  elbow; 
but  there  must  be  an  end  to  the  longest  article,  and  this 
is  already  sufficiently  extended.  Of  the  three  principal 
biographies  of  our  author  we  have  already  discoursed  at 
some  length  in  our  notice  of  John  Forster,  to  which  the 
reader  is  referred. 

Of  edits,  of  Goldsmith's  histories,  the  Vicar  of  Wake- 
field,  the  Deserted  Village,  and  The  Traveller,  the  name 
is  legion.  His  Poet,  and  Dramat.  Works  were  first  col 
lected  and  pub.  in  1780,  Lon.,  2  vols.  12mo;  1786,  8vo ; 
1791,  2  vols.  12mo ;  1808,  8vo  ;  1816.  Miscell.  Works,  with 
Life  and  Essays,  Perth,  1792,  7  vols.  12mo.  With  Life 
and  Writings,  Lon.,  1801,  4  vols.  8vo  ;  1806,  5  vols.  12mo  ; 
1807,  4  vols.  8vo  ;  1812,  4  vols.  8vo  ;  1820,  4  vols.  8vo. 
But  these  and  all  preceding  edits,  were  thrown  into  the 
shade  in  1836  by  the  publication  of  Prior's  edit,  of  Gold 
smith's  Miscellaneous  Works,  with  Life  of  the  Author,  6 
vols.  8vo.  Contents  :  Vol.  I.  The  Bee  ;  Essays  ;  Present 
State  of  Polite  Learning,  <fcc. ;  Prefaces  and  Introduction. 
II.  Citizen  of  the  World;  Introduction  to  the  Study  of 
Natural  History.  III.  Vicar  of  Wakefield ;  Biographies 
of  Voltaire,  Nash,  Parnell,  and  Bolingbroke ;  Miscella 
neous  Criticism.  IV.  Poems ;  The  Good-Natured  Man 
She  Stoops  to  Conquer ;  The  Grumbler;  Criticism  relating 
to  Poetry  and  the  Belles-Lettres.  V.,  VI.  Prior's  Life  of 
Goldsmith. 

"  This  is  the  only  complete  edition  containing  additions  made 
to  previous  collections  of  Goldsmith,  which  perhaps  it  would  be 


safe  to  say  constitute  nearly  one-half  of  the  collection  in  the  pre 
sent  edition.  This  edition  is  the  only  one  having  any  just  claim 
;o  a  place,  as  embodying  the  full  performances  of  Goldsmith,  and  as 
,he  fair  exponent  of  his  genius." — Lon.  Quar.  Rev. 

The  same  eminent  authority  commends  the  letters  of 
Groldsmith,  collected  by  Mr.  Prior's  indefatigable  industry, 
n  researches  extending  from  1826  to  1836  : 

"  No  poet's  letters  in  the  world,  not  even  those  of  Cowper.  ap 
pear  to  us  more  interesting  for  the  light  they  throw  on  the  habits 
ind  feelings  of  the  man  that  wrote  them ;  and  we  think  it  will  also 
be  acknowledged  that  the  simple  gracefulness  of  their  language  is 
quite  worthy  of  the  author  of  the  Vicar  of  Wakefield.  We  may 
differ  from  many  of  our  readers  as  to  all  the  rest,  but  we  are  con 
fident  that  if  Mr.  Prior  had  done,  and  should  do,  nothing  else,  the 
services  he  has  rendered  to  literature  by  recovering  and  recording 
these  beautifully  characteristic  effusions  would  be  enough  to 
secure  honour  to  his  memory.  And  who  will  not  be  rejoiced  to 
hear  that  in  one  instance  at  least  the  best  secondary  monument 
of  a  great  Irish  genius  has  also  been  erected  by  an  Irish  hand?" 

Mr.  Prior  doubtless  richly  deserves  all  that  can  be  said 
n  praise  of  his  labours;  but  even  his  excellent  edition  of 
:he  Works  of  Goldsmith  has  been  superseded  within  the 
last  year  or  two  by  Peter  Cunningham's  edition,  1854, 
4  vols.  8vo,  forming  the  first  issue  of  Murray's  British 
Classics.  For  an  account  of  this  edition,  see  CUNNINGHAM, 
PETER. 

Of  the  many  beautiful  editions  of  The  Vicar  of  Wake- 
field,  we  must  especially  note  the  one  embellished  with 
thirty-two  Illustrations  by  Wm.  Mulready,  Lon.,  1843, 
cr.  8vo. 

"  It  is  the  nearest  to  perfection  of  any  volume  that  has  hitherto 
ssued  from  the  British  press." — Lon.  Art.  Union  Jour.,  Jan.  1843, 

"  One  of  the  most  beautiful  editions  of  any  standard  author 
that  has  appeared  for  many  years,  and  decidedly  the  best  which 
has  ever  been  published  of  this  deservedly  popular  English  clas 
sic."—  United  Service  Gazette,  Jan.  1,  1843. 

"  Briefly,  we  have  no  hesitation  in  asserting  the  superiority  of 
these  designs  as  works  of  art  illustrative  of  family  lite  over  every 
thing  that  has  been  done  in  recent  times  either  iu  France  or  Ger 
many,  or  our  own  country." — Lon.  Athencpum,  Jan.  21, 1843. 

The  reader  must  also  procure  the  editions  of  the  Vicar 
of  Wakefield,  illustrated  respectively  by  Westall,  Richter, 
Thomas,  and  Absolon.  We  must  also  notice,  as  a  valuable 
companion  to  the  modern  editions  of  Goldsmith's  Works, 
an  edition  of  his  Poetical  Works,  with  Remarks  attempt 
ing  to  ascertain  from  local  observation  the  actual  scene 
of  the  Deserted  Village,  embellished  with  seven  illustra 
tive  engravings,  by  Mr.  Aitkin,  from  drawings  taken  on 
the  spot.  By  the  Rev.  E.  H.  Newell,  B.D.,  1811,  4to.  Nor 
must  the  collector  of  a  Goldsmith  Library  consider  that 
he  has  done  justice  to  his  design  until  he  can  number 
among  his  treasures — a  fit  companion  for  the  Deserted 
Village,  illustrated  by  the  Etching  Club,  before  noticed— 
the  beautiful  edition  of  The  Poetical  Works  of  our  great 
author,  illustrated  by  Wood  Engravings  from  the  designs 
of  G.  W.  Cope,  A.R.A. ;  Thomas  Creswick,  A.R.A. ;  J. 
C.  Horsley;  R.Redgrave,  A.R.A.;  and  Fred.  Taylor, 
members  of  the  Etching  Club;  with  a  biographical 
Memoir,  and  Notes  on  the  Poems.  Edited  by  Bolton 
Corney,  1845,  8vo.  This  beautiful  volume  has  been 
already  noticed.  See  CORNEY,  BOLTON. 

We  have  referred  to  that  happy  individual  of  good  taste 
and  excellent  judgment, — perhaps  you  claim  the  appella 
tion,  gentle  reader, — the  collector  of  a  "Goldsmith  Li 
brary."  He  will  thank  us  for  indicating  sources  of  in 
formation,  in  addition  to  any  little  aid  our  humble  labours 
may  have  afforded  him,  respecting  his  favourite  author. 

Let  him  then  consult — Life  prefixed  to  Goldsmith's 
Works,  Lon.,  1801,  also  1807,  4  vols.  8vo,  principally 
written  by  Bishop  Percy ;  Johnson's  and  Chalmers's  Eng 
lish  Poets,  1810 ;  Life  by  Sir  S.  Egerton  Brydges,  in  the 
Censura  Literaria,  vol.  vii.,  2d  ed.,  1815  ;  Chalmers's  Biog. 
Diet;  Life  by  Rev.  John  Mitford;  Life  by  James  Prior; 
Life  by  John  Forster;  Life  by  Washington  Irving; 
Northcote's  Life  of  Sir  Joshua  Reynolds ;  Cradock's  Me 
moirs;  Davies's  Life  of  Garrick;  Boswell's  Life  of  John 
son;  Miss  Hawkins's  Anecdotes;  Colman's  Random  Re 
cords;  Cumberland's  Memoirs ;  Northcote's  Conversations; 
Hawkins's  Life  of  Johnson ;  Prof.  Butler's  Gallery  of  Illust. 
Irishmen,  in  Dubl.  Univ.  Mag.,  vii.  26-54;  De  Quincey's 
Essays  on  the  Poets,  <fcc. ;  various  authorities  quoted  from 
or  referred  to  in  preceding  pages;  also  the  following 
articles : — in  Edin.  Rev.,  Ixv.  108,  Ixxxviii.  102 ;  Lon.Quar. 
Rev.,  Ivii.  149;  N.  Brit.  Rev.,  ix.  100;  N.  Amer.  Rev.,  (by 
E.  T.  Channing,)  xlv.  91,  Ixx.  265;  Blackwood's  Mag., 
Ixvii.  137,  297,  liii.  771;  Eraser's  Mag.,  xv.  387;  South. 
Lit.  Messenger,  (by  H.  T.  Tuckerman,)  vi.  267. 
Goldson,  Wm.  Catechism,  Lon.,  1595,  8vo. 
Goldson,  Wm.  Medical  Treatises,  Lon.,  1787,.  1804, 
'05.  Observ.  on  the  Passage  between  the  Atlantic  and 
Pacific,  Portsm.,  1793,  4to.  Prefixed  is  a  historical  abridg 
ment  of  discoveries  in  the  north  of  America. 


GOL 


GOO 


Goldwell,  Charles.  Reason's  Metamorphosis  and 
Restoration,  <fcc.,  1641. 

Goldwell,  Henry.     A   Briefe   Declaration   of  the 
Shews,  Devices,  &c.  before  the  Queene's  Majestie  and  the 
French  Ambassadors  in  Whitsun  weeke,  1581. 
"  Only  one  copy  known." — Lnwndes's  Bibl.  Man. 

Sold  at  different  times  at  £6  6«  to  £8  18*  6rf.  It  is  re 
printed  in  Nichols's  Progresses  of  Q.  Elizabeth. 

Goldwin,  Wm.  Serms.,  1707-81.  Poet.  Descrip.  of 
Bristol,  1751,  8vo.  Revised  by  T.  Smart. 

Golledge,  John.  1.  Adam's  Death,  Lon.,  1789,  '90, 
8vo.  2.  Alex.  Crombie's  Phil.  Necess.,  1799,  12ino. 

Golovin,  Ivan,  b.  1816,  in  Russia,  educated  at  Berlin 
and  Heidelberg;  was  exiled  by  the  Czar  in  1843,  and  be 
came  a  naturalized  Englishman  in  1846.  1.  Political 
Science  to  teach  Sovereigns  how  to  Govern.  2.  Russia 
under  Nicholas,  1845.  This  work  attracted  considerable 
attention  throughout  Europe,  and  was  translated  into  seve 
ral  languages.  3.  The  Russian  Political  Catechism.  4. 
Memoirs  of  a  Russian  Priest.  5.  The  Caucasus  and  the 
Nations  of  Russia  and  Turkey,  1853.  He  visited  the  U.S. 
in  1855,  and  pub.  a  series  of  Letters  in  the  N.Y.  Tribune, 
and  the  Nat.  Intelligencer,  at  Washington.  On  his  return 
to  England,  he  issued  a  volume  entitled  (6)  Stars  and  Stripes; 
or,  American  Impressions.  * 

Golt.  Divine  Hist,  of  the  Genesis  of  the  World,  1670, 4to. 

Golty,  Richard.     Serm.,  Lon.,  1688,  4to. 

Gomersal,  or  Gomersall,  Robert,  1600-1646,  a 
native  of  London,  educated  at  Christ  Church,  Oxf.,  became 
Vicar  of  Thorncombe,  Devonshire.  1.  The  Levite's  Re 
venge,  containing  Poetical  Meditations  on  Judges,  chaps. 
xix.  and  xx.,  Lon.,  1 628,  '33,  8 vo.  2.  Lodowick  Sforza,  Duke 
of  Milan ;  a  Tragedy,  1628,  '32,  12.mo.  With  No.  1,  Ac., 
1633,  '38,  12mo. 

"  He  was  esteemed  excellent  for  dramatic  poetry." — Athen.  Oxen. 

3.  Serms.  on  1  Pet.  ii.  13-16,  Cainb.,  1634,  4to. 

"A  very  florid  preacher."  See  Bliss's  ed.  of  Athen.  Oxon.,  where 
will  be  found  a  specimen  of  Gomersall's  poetry. 

Gomersall,  Mrs.  A.  1.  Eleanora;  a  Nov.,  Lon., 
1789,  2  vols.  12mo.  2.  The  Citizen ;  a  Nov.,  1790,  '91,  2 
vols.  12mo.  3.  The  Disappointed  Heir,  1796,  2  vols.  12mo. 

G  oin m,  James.  Narrative  of  Events  in  St  Marcou, 
Lon.,  1801,  '07,  8vo. 

Gomm,  John.  Hist.  Inquiry  resp.  the  performance 
on  the  Harp  in  the  Highlands  of  Scotland,  1807,  4to. 

Gompertz,  Benj.     Mathematics,  1817,  &c. 

Gompertz,  John.  1.  Time,  or  Light  and  Shade;  a 
Poem,  4to.  2.  The  Modern  Antique,  or  The  Muse  in  the 
Costume  of  Queen  Anne;  a  Poem,  8vo.  See  Anti-Jac. 
Rev.,  Nov.  1818.  3.  Devon;  a  Poem,  8vo. 

Gonson,  Sir  John.     Charges  to  Juries,  1728,  '29,  Ac. 

Gonzales,  Manoel.  Voyage  to  Great  Britain. 
This  will  be  found  in  vol.  i.  of  Osborne's  Voyages,  and 
in  vol.  ii.  of  Pinkerton's  Voyages  and  Travels.  It  was 
written  by  an  Englishman — perhaps  by  Daniel  Defoe. 

Gooch,  Benjamin,  D.D.,  an  eminent  surgeon.  Sur 
gery,  Lon.,  1758,  8vo.  Enlarged,  Norw.,  1767,  2  vols.  8vo. 
Appendix,  Lon.,  1773,  8vo.  Profess,  con.  to  Phil.  Trans., 
1769,  '75. 

Gooch,  Bernard.  The  Whole  Art  of  Husbandrie, 
Lon.,  1614,  4to.  We  find  this  in  the  Bibl.  Brit.,  but 
doubtless  it  is  Barnaby  Googe's  Foure  Bo.okes  of  Hus 
bandrie,  4th  ed. 

Gooch,  Eliza  S.  V.  R.     Novels,  Ac.,  1788-180*4. 

Gooch,  Robert,  M.D.,  1784-1830,  a  native  of  Yar 
mouth,  practised  in  Croydon,  and  subsequently  in  Lon 
don,  (from  1811,)  with  great  reputation  and  success. 
1.  Diseases  peculiar  to  Women,  Lon.,  1829,  8vo.  3  eds. 
have  appeared  in  America. 

"Distinguished  in  a  very  uncommon  degree  for  originality, 
precision,  and  -vigour  of  thought."— DR.  FERGUSSON:  Lon.  Quar. 
£ev.,  xli.  163-183.  Read  this  interesting  essay  on  insanity,  Ac. 

"The  most  valuable  work  on  that  subject  in  any  language;  the 
chapters  on  puerperal  fever  and  puerperal  madness  are  probably 
the  most  important  additions  to  practical  medicine  of  the  present 
age." — Lives  of  British  Physicians. 

2.  Women  and  Children,  8vo.  3.  Compendium  of  Mid 
wifery,  prepared  by  George  Skinner,  12rno.  4  eds.  in 
America. 

"Among  these  great  masters  [of  medical  science]  Robert  Gooch 
•will  always  stand  pre-eminent." — Amer.  Jour.  JUed.  Science. 

"  Never  was  a  man  more  desirous  of  doing  all  in  his  power  to 
wards  diminishing  the  sum  of  human  misery." — ROBERT  SOUTHEY: 
Life  and  Cvrre?p.,  q.  v. 

Gooch  was  a  contributor  to  the  Lon.  Quar.  Rev.,  and 
pub.  in  that  periodical  some  valuable  papers  on  the  Plague, 
Anatomy,  <fcc.  See  Lives  of  Brit.  Physicians,  No.  14  of 
Murray's  Family  Library. 

Gooch,  Sir  Thomas,  Bart.,  d.  1754;  Bishop  of  Bris 
tol,  1737 ;  trans,  to  Norwich,  1738;  to  Ely,  1748.  1.  Serm., 


1711,  4to.     2.  Funl.  Serm.,  1713,  8vo  and  4to.     3.  Fast 
Serm.,  1740,  4to. 

Gooch,  Rev.  W.  General  View  of  the  Agricult.  of 
Cambridgeshire,  Lon.,  1811,  8vo. 

"  The  work  is  very  neatly  performed,  and  in  a  superior  manner. 
The  author  shows  a  very  liberal  spirit  on  agricultural  policy,  and 
much  sound  knowledge  on  practical  subjects." — Donaldson's  Agri- 
cult.  Biog. 

Good,  B.     Hanover  Treaty,  Lon.,  1727,  8vo. 

Good,  J.  E.     Serm.  o.n  the  Mount,  1829,  8vo. 

"  These  lectures  are  very  perspicuous,  resembling  windows  of 
clear  rather  than  painted  glass;  they  are  of  very  convenient 
length,  and  much  like  a  pious  and  benevolent  companion,  who, 
if  he  travels  with  you  but  a  short  way,  gives  you  much  and  ?ood 
information." — Li.n.  Baptist  Mag. 

Good,  John.    Works  on  Dialling,  Lon.,  1711,  '30,  8vo. 

Good,  John  Mason,  M.D.,  17.64-1827,  one  of  the 
most  profoundly  learned  Englishmen  of  modern  days,  was 
a  native  of  Epping,  Essex,  and  the  son  of  a  dissenting  mi 
nister.  At  fifteen  he  was  placed  apprentice  with  a  surgeon 
at  Gosport,  and  in  1784  commenced  practice  at  Sudbury. 
In  1793  he  removed  to  London,  where  he  practised  as  a 
j  surgeon  and  apothecary,  and  in  1820,  having  received  a 
•  diploma  from  the  University  of  Aberdeen,  became  a  phy 
sician.  An  interesting  biographical  sketch  of  Dr.  G.  will 
be  found  in  the  Lon.  Gent.  Mag.  for  March,  1827 ;  and  a 
Memoir  of  his  Life  was  pub.  by  his  friend  Dr.  Olinthus  Gre 
gory,  Lon.,  1828,  8vo.  1.  Maria;  an  Elegiac  Ode,  Lon., 
1786,  4to.  2.  Diseases  of  Prisons  and  Poor-Houses,  1795, 
12mo.  3.  Hist,  of  Medicine  as  far  as  it  relates  to  the  pro 
fession  of  an  Apothecary,  1795,  12mo.  4.  Parish  Work 
houses,  1798,  1805,  8vo.  5.  Address  to  the  Corp.  of  Sur 
geons,  1800,  8vo.  6.  Song  of  Songs,  or  Sacred  Idyls. 
Trans,  from  the  Hebrew,  with  notes  crit.  and  explan., 
1803,  8vo. 

"Dr.  Good  considers  the  Song  of  Solomon  neither  a  continued 
epithalamium  nor  a  regular  drama,  but  a  collection  of  idyls  on  a 
common  subject, — the  loves  of  the  Hebrew  monarch  and  his  fair 
bride.  Into  the  mystical  design  of  the  poem  (though,  with 
Lowth  and  Horner,  he  believed  it  to  have  one)  he  enters  little; 
so  that  the  spirituality  of  the  Bible  nowhere  appears  iu  the  version 
or  the  notes.  Admitting  his  hypothesis  to  be  correct,  and  con 
sidering  the  Song  of  Songs  merely  as  an  oriental  collection  of  love- 
songs,  Dr.  Good's  version  cannot  be  denied  the  praise  of  elegance 
and  general  accuracy.  He  first  gives  a  kind  of  literal  prose  trans 
lation,  and  then,  on  the  opposite  page,  a  metrical  version.  The 
notes  follow  at  the  end,  and  display  a  great  profusion  of  ancient 
and  modern  learning.  As  far  as  religion  is  concerned,  however, 
the  reader  may  as  well  consult  the  odes  of  Horace  or  the  pastorals 
of  Virgil." — Orme's  Bibl.  Bib. 

"  So  much  elegant  learning  and  successful  illustration  we  have 
seldom  seen  within  so  email  a  compass  as  the  present  volume."-^ 
Brit.  Crit.,  0.  S.,  xxvi.  454,  455.  See  also  Lon.  Month.  Rev.,  N.  S., 
xlvii.  o02-312. 

7.  Triumph  of  Britain ;  an  Ode,  1803.  8.  Memoirs  of 
the  Life  and  Writings  of  Alex.  Geddes,  LL.D.,  1803,  8vo. 
See  GEDDES,  ALEXANDER,  LL.D.  9.  The  Nature  of  Things; 
a  Didactic  Poem,  trans,  from  the  Latin  of  Titus  Lucretius 
Carus,  with  the  original  text  and  Notes  philolog.  and  ex- 
plan.,  1805-07,  2  vois.  4to. 

"  A  noble  translation;  the  notes  contain  a  vast  variety  of  mis 
cellaneous  literature." — DR.  CLARKE. 

•'These  vast  volumes  are  more  like  the  work  of  a  learned  Ger 
man  professor,  than  of  an  ungraduated  Englishman.  They  dis 
play  extensive  erudition,  considerable  judgment,  and  some  taste; 
yet,  upon  the  whole,  they  are  extremely  heavy  and  uninteresting, 
and  the  leading  emotion  they  excite  in  the  reader  is  that  of  sym 
pathy  with  the  fatigue  the  author  must  have  undergone  in  the 
compilation. .  . .  The  truth  is,  that  Mr.  Good,  though  very  intelli 
gent,  is  very  indiscriminate  in  the  selection  of  his  information; 
and  though,  for  the  most  part,  sufficiently  candid  and  judicious  in 
his  remarks,  is  at  the  same  time  intolerably  dull  and  tedious.  He 
has  no  vivacity;  no  delicacy  of  taste  or  fancy;  very  little  origi 
nality  ;  and  a  gift  of  extreme  prolixity.  His  prose  is  better  than 
his  poetry  ;  his  reasonings  are  more  to  be  trusted  to  than  bis  criti 
cism;  and  his  statements  and  explanations  are  of  more  value  than 
his  argument." — LORD  JEFFREY  :  Edin.  Rev.,  x.  217-234. 

"  Almost  every  polished  language,  Asiatic  as  well  as  European, 
is  laid  under  contribution;  and  the  versions  which  uniformly 
accompany  the  numerous  parallelisms  and  quotations  are,  for  the 
most  part,  executed  in  a  masterly  style."— ion.  Gent.  Mag.,  xcvii. 

10.  Oration  on  the  Structure  and  Physiology  of  Plants, 
1808,  8vo.  11.  Essay  on  Medical  Technology,  1810,  8vo. 
This  essay  gained  the  Fothergillian  Medal.  12.  The  Book 
of  Job  literally  trans,  from  the  Hebrew  and  restored  to  its 
natural  arrangement;  with  Notes  crit.  and  illust.,  and  an 
Introduct.  Dissert,  1812,  8vo.  A  critique  on  this  version 
appeared  in  the  Eclectic  Rev.  for  Feb.  1816;  to  this  Dr. 
Good  replied,  and  a  rejoinder  followed  in  the  number  for 
Dec.  1816. 

"No  work  of  criticism  in  the  language  affords  such  a  display  of 
acquaintance  with  ancient  and  modern  languages.  ...  Dr.  Good  is 
a  firm  believer  in  the  antiquity  of  the  book,  contends  that  Moses 
was  the  writer  of  it,  and  that  it  contains  the  great  principles  of  the 
patriarchal  faith.  .  .  .  His  translation  is  the  most  valuable  work  on 
Job  in  the  English  language,  and  must  materially  assist  any  indi- 


GOO 


GOO 


vidual  in  the  interpretation  of  that  difficult  book."—  Orme's  Bibl. 
Bib. 

"On  the  whole,  we  regard  this  work  as  a  valuable  accession  to  | 
our  stock  of  sacred  literature;  and  we  can  recommend  it  with  con-  [ 
fidence  to  the  biblical  student,  as  containing  a  great  mass  of  use 
ful  information  and  valuable  criticism."— Lon.  Christian  Observer, 
xii.  306. 

13.  New  ed.  of  Mason's  Self-knowledge;  with  a  Life  of 
the  Author  and  Notes,  1812,  8vo.  Dr.  Good's  mother  was 
Miss  Peyto,  the  favourite  niece  of  John  Mason.  14.  A 
Physiological  System  of  Nosology,  1817,  8vo. 

"  It  bids  lair  to  supersede  every  attempt  which  has  hitherto  been 
made  in  the  difficult  provinces  of  medical  technology  and  sys 
tematic  arrangement."— ion.  Gent.  Mag.,  xcvii.  277. 

15.  Sketch  of  the  Revolution  in  1688.  16.  In  conjunc 
tion  with  Olinthus  Gregory,  LL.D.,  editor,  and  Newton 
Bosworth,  Pantalogia;  or  Encyclopaedia,  comprising  a  Ge 
neral  Dictionary  of  Arts,  Sciences,  and  General  Literature, 
pub.  periodically,  completed  in  1813,  12  vols.,  with  nearly 
400  engravings,  r.  8vo,  £20.  17.  The  Study  of  Medicine, 
1822,  4  vols.  Svo;  3d  ed.,  1832,  5  vols.  8vo,  £3  15«. ;  edited 
by  Samuel  Cooper,  M.D.,  F.R.S.,  Prof,  of  Surgery  in  the 
Univ.  of  London,  <fcc. 

"  If  the  general  tenor  of  his  book  ....  (what  seems  to  me  to 
be  the  feet) ....  be  so  excellent  that  no  other  modern  system  is, 
on  the  whole,  half  so  valuable  as  the  Study  of  Medicine,  its  imper 
fections  will  be  indulgently  regarded  by  every  liberal  critic,  and 
its  genuine  merit  warmly  admired." — DR.  COOPER,  the,  editor. 

"  The  additions  to  the  text  and  notes  by  Mr.  Cooper,  as  may  have 
been  expected,  are  numerous  and  valuable,  and  the  entire  work 
merits  our  most  unqualified  recommendation.  The  surgeon  whose 
library  contains  Good's  Study  of  Medicine,  and  Coopers  Surgical 
Dictionary,  need  look  around  him  for  little  more  that  is  either 
scientific,  useful,  or  practical,  in  any  branch  of  his  profession." — 
Lon.  Lancet,  No.  304. 

"  We  have  no  hesitation  in  pronouncing  the  work,  beyond  all 
comparison,  the  best  of  its  kind  in  the  English  language." — Lon. 
Medico-Chirurg.  Rev. 

"As  a  work  of  reference,  at  once  systematic  and  comprehensive, 
it  has  no  rival  in  medical  literature." — Lon.  JUed.  Gaz. 

American  ed.  pub.  by  Harpers,  N.  York,  2  vols.  8vo,  with 
Notes  by  A.  S.  Doane,  M.D.,  Ac.  18.  The  Book  of  Nature, 
1826,  3  vols.  8vo ;  3d  ed.,  corrected,  3  vols.  fp.  8vo. 

CONTENTS. — Vol.  I.  Nature  of  the  Material  World,  and 
the  Scale  of  Unorganized  and  Organized  Tribes  that  issue 
from  it.  On  Matter  and  a  Material  World;  on  Geology; 
on  Organized  Bodies,  and  the  Structure  of  Plants  compared 
•with  that  of  Animals;  on  the  Principle  of  Life;  on  the 
Bones,  &c. ;  on  the  Digestive  Functions ;  on  the  Circula 
tion  of  the  Blood ;  on  the  Processes  of  Nutrition ;  on  the 
External  Senses  of  Animals.  Vol.  II.  Nature  of  the  Ani 
mate  World;  its  Peculiar  Powers  and  External  Relations; 
Means  of  Communicating  Ideas;  Formation  of  Society. 
Vol.  III.  Nature  of  the  Mind;  its  General  Faculties  and 
Furniture. 

"This  volume  is  designed  to  take  a  systematic,  but  popular,  sur- 
Tey  of  the  most  interesting  features  of  the  general  science  of  na 
ture,  for  the  purpose  of  elucidating  what  has  been  found  obscure, 
controverting  and  correcting  what  has  been  felt  erroneous,  and 
developing,  by  means  of  original  views  and  hypotheses,  much  of 
what  yet  remains  to  be  more  satisfactorily  explained." — Preface. 

"The  work  is  certainly  the  best  Philosophical  digest  of  the  kind 
which  we  have  seen." — Lon.  Month.  Hev. 

19.  Thoughts  on  Select  Texts  of  Scripture,  12rno. 
20.  Historical  Outline  of  the  Book  of  Psalms,  by  Neale, 
8vo ;  by  Henderson,  1854,  8vo.  Dr.  Good  contributed  many 
papers  to  the  periodicals  of  the  day,  and  was  for  some  time 
editor  of  the  Analytical  and  Critical  Review,  and,  we  be 
lieve,  of  the  New  Annual  Register,  and  the  Gallery  of  Na 
ture  and  Art.  His  review  of  the  Junius  controversy — see 
our  article  on  JUNICS — is  one  of  the  finest  pieces  of  criti 
cism  of  modern  times.  There  are  few  names  that  cast 
greater  lustre  upon  the  archives  of  British  Medical  Science 
and  philological  learning  than  that  of  John  Mason  Good. 
Good,  Rev.  Joseph.  Poems,  Lon.,  1792,  8vo. 
Good,  Thomas,  D.D.,  Master  of  Baliol  Coll.,  Oxf. 
Fermianus  et  Dubitantius;  or,  Dialogues  concerning 
Atheism,  Infidelity,  and  Popery,  Oxf.,  1674,  8vo. 

Good,  Thomas,  Rector  of  Ashley,  Worcestershire. 
Thanksgiving  Serm.  on  Matt.  v.  9,  1715,  4to. 

Good,  Thomas.     Speech  in  H.  of  Commons,  1800, 
8vo. 

Good,  Wm.     Measurers  and  Tradesman's  Assistant, 
Edin.,  1775,  8vo. 

Goodacre,  Robert.  Educational,<fcc.works,1803-12. 
Goodal,  or  Goodall,  Walter,  1706-1766,  a  Scotch 
antiquary,  a  native  of  Banffshire,  educated  at  King's  Coll., 
Aberdeen,  became  librarian  of  the  Advocates'  Library, 
Edinburgh,  and  assisted  Thomas  Ruddjman  in  compiling 
the  catalogue  of  that  library  upon  the  plan  of  the  Biblio- 
tbeca  Cardinalis  Iinperialis ;  it  was  pub.  in  1742,  fol.  1.  An 
Exam,  of  the  Letters  said  to  be  written  by  Mary  Queen  of 
Scots  to  James,  Earl  of  Bothwell,  shewing  by  intrinsic 


evidence  that  they  are  forgeries.  Also  an  Enquiry  into  the 
Murder  of  King  Henry,  Edin.,  1754,  2  vols.  Svo.  2.  An 
edit,  with  Emendatory  Notes  of  Sir  John  Scott's  Stagger- 
ng  State  of  Scots  Statesmen,  1754.  3.  An  Introduc.  to 
,he  Hist,  and  Antiq.  of  Scotland,  Lon.,  1769,  Svo ;  Edin., 
L773,  12mo.  Originally  written  in  Latin,  and  prefixed  to 
iis  edit,  of  Fordun's  Scotichronicon  :  see  FORDUN,  JOHN  DE. 
"  His  edition  of  Fordun  was  not  executed  with  judgment." 

He  contributed  also  a  Pref.  and  Life  to  Sir  James  Bal- 
four's  Practicks,  and  some  articles  to  Keith's  New  Cata- 
ogue  of  Scotch  Bishops. 

Goodall,  Baptist,  merchant.  The  Tryall  of  Trauell ; 
or,  1.  The  Wonders  in  Trauell.  2.  The  Worthes  of  Trauell. 
3.  The  Way  to  Trauell.  In  three  bookes  Epitomized,  Lon., 
1630,  4to.  A  poetical  work  of  40  leaves.  Sir  M.  M.  Sykes, 
Pt.  1,  1329,  £5.  Bibl.  Anglo-Poet.,  314,  £12  12s. 

Goodall,  Charles,  M.D.  1.  The  College  of  Physi 
cians  vindicated  against  the  Corner  Stone,  &c.,  Lon.,  1674, 
76,  Svo.  2.  Hist,  of  the  Roy.  Coll.  of  Physicians,  Ac., 
1684,  4to.  3.  Hist.  Acct.  of  the  Coll.'s  proceedings  against 
Empyrics,  &c.,  1684,  4to. 

Goodall,  Charles.  Poems  and  Translations,  Lon., 
1689,  Svo.  Anon. 

Goodall,  Henry,  D.D.,  Archdeacon  of  Suffolk  and 
re%  of  Norwich.  Serms.,  1741,  '51,  '60. 

Goodall,  John.  Liberty  of  the  Clergy  by  the  Laws 
of  the  Realm.  Printed  temp.  Hen.  VIII.  by  R.  Weir. 

Goodcole,  Rev.  Henry.  1.  Fras.  Robinson,  Lon., 
1618,  4to.  2.  The  Prodigal's  Tears,  1620,  Svo.  3.  Prayers, 
&c.,  1620,  Svo.  4.  London's  Cry,  1620,  4to.  5.  Eliz.  Saw 
yer,  1621,  4to. 

Goode,  Francis.  1.  The  Better  Covenant,  5th  ed., 
Lon.,  1848,  fp.  Svo.  Highly  commended.  2.  Serms.  on 
Doctrine,  Practice,  and  Experience,  1838,  8vo.  3.  Serm. 
before  the  Ch.  Miss.  Soc.,  1838,  Svo.  4.  Watch -Words  of 
Gospel  Truth,  12mo.  5.  Posthumous  Serms.,  Svo. 

Goode,  Wm.  1.  Serm.,  Lon.,  1645,  4to.  2.  Serm., 
1646,  4to. 

Goode,  Wm.,  1762-1816,  a  native  of  Buckingham, 
entered  of  Magdalen  Hall.  Oxf.,  1780 ;  succeeded  Mr.  Ro- 
maine  as  Rector  of  St.  Ann's,  Blackfriars,  London,  1795. 
1.  A  New  Version  of  the  Book  of  Psalms,  Lon.,  1811,  2 
vols.  Svo. 

"A  useful  help  to  the  devotional  understanding  of  the  Psalms, 
which  are  here  translated  into  English  verse,  and  in  various 
metres." — Home's  Bibl.  Brit. 

"The  poetical  execution  of  Goode's  version  never  rises  above 
mediocrity." — Lon.  Eclectic  Eev. 

2.  Essays  on  all  the   Scriptural  Names  and  Titles  of 
Christ,  1822,  6  vols.  Svo. 

"A  most  valuable  elucidation  of  all  the  Scriptural  Titles  of  the 
Redeemer." — Lowndes's  Brit.  Lib. 

"A  valuable  work  for  ministers;— a  mine  for  composition  of 
sermons." 

3.  Eight  Serms.,  separately  pub.,  1795,  &c.     See  a  me 
moir  of  Mr.  Goode  by  W.  Goode,  Svo. 

Goode,  Wm.,  Rector  of  Allhallows  the  Great  and 
Less,  London,  has  pub.  several  treatises  against  the  doc 
trines  of  the  Oxford  Tracts,  and  on  other  subjects,  Lon., 
1834-52.  Among  the  best-known  of  his  works  are — 1.  The 
Extraordinary  Gifts  of  the  Spirit,  1834,  Svo.  2.  The 
Established  Church,  1834,  Svo.  3.  Tracts  on  Church 
Rates,  1840,  Svo.  4.  The  Divine  Rule  of  Faith  and  Prac 
tice,  1S42,  2  vols.  Svo ;  2d  ed.,  1853,  3  vols.  Svo. 

"  This  very  able  work  is  a  defence  of  the  great  Protestant  prin 
ciple  of  the  sufficiency  of  holy  scripture,  in  opposition  to  the  doc 
trine  of  Dr.  Pusey  and  his  party,  who  claim  for  tradition  a  co 
ordinate  authority  with  the  written  word  of  God.  It  is  one  of  the 
able  publications  of  the  day."— Dr.  E.  Williams' s  C.  P. 

5.  Two  Treatises  on  the  Church,  by  Drs.  Jackson  and 
Sanderson,  and  a  Letter  of  Bp.  Cosin.     With  Introduc. 
Remarks,  1843,  sm.  Svo. 

"  Seasonable  truth  against  Tractarians."— Bicker steWs  C.  S. 

6.  Tract  XC.  historically  refuted,  1845,  Svo.     7.  Doc 
trine  of  the  Ch.  of  Eng.  as  to  the  effects  of  Baptism  in  the 
case  of  Infants,  1849,  Svo.     8.  Aids  for  determining  some 
Disputed  Points  in  the  Ceremonial  of  the  Ch.  of  Eng. ;  2d 
ed.,  1851,  Svo.     9.  A  Vindication  of  the  Doctrine  of  the 
Ch.  of  Eng.  on  the  Validity  of  the  Orders  of  the  Scotch 
and  Foreign  Non-Episcopal  Churches,  in  three  pamphlets : 
I.  A  General  Review  of  the  Subject ;  II.  A  Reply  to  Chur- 
ton  and  Harrington,  Ac.,  2d  ed. ;  III.  Reply  to  Bp.  of  Exe 
ter,  Ac.;  3d  ed.,  1852,  Svo.     10.  Letter  to  Sir  W.  P.  Wood, 
Q.C.,  M.P.,  rel.  to   the  Prayer  Book;   2d   ed.,  with  the 
Answer  of  Sir  W.  P.  Wood  and  the  Author's  Reply,  1852, 
Svo. 

Goodenough,  Samuel,  LL.D.,  1743-1827,  educated 
at  Christ  Church,  Oxf.;  Canon  of  Windsor,  1798;  Dean 
of  Rochester,  1802;  Bishop  of  Carlisle,  1808. 


GOO 

"  He  is  but  just  promoted,  to  the  satisfaction  of  all  who  know 
him,  and  to  the  shame  of  those  who  so  long  neglected  him. 

"Quis  gremio  Enceladi  doctique  PAL.EMONIS  affert  QUANTUM 
GRAMMATICUS  MERCIT  LABOR  r'— Pursuits  of  Literature,  ed.  1808,  p. 
332. 

1.  Serm.,  1809,  4to.     2.  Serm.,  1812.     3.  Con.  in  Nat. 
Hist,  to  Trans.  Linn.  Soc.,  1792,  '95,  '98.     See  a  Biog. 
Sketch  of  Bp.  G.  in  Lon.  Gent.  Mag.,  xcvii.  366,  367. 

Goodenow,  John  M.  Amer.  Jurisp.  in  Contrast 
•with  the  Doct.  of  Eng.  Com.  Law,  Steuben.,  Ohio,  1819, 
8vo. 

"  The  professed  object  of  the  author  is  to  prove  that  the  Courts 
in  Ohio  were  not  possessed  of  Common  Law  Jurisdiction,,  and  more 
especially  in  the  case  of  crimes  and  offences  at  Common  Law.  The 
hook  is  exceedingly  scarce,  less  than  one  hundred  copies  having 
been  printed."— Marvin's  Leg.  Bibl. ;  Griffith's  Law  Reg.,  388 ;  12 
Amer.  Jur.,  334. 

Goodfellow,  J.  Universal  Directory ;  or,  Complete 
P.  Assistant  for  Masters  of  Ships,  Ac.,  Lon.,  1779,  8vo. 

Goodhugh,  Wm.,  a  learned  bookseller  of  London, 
d.  1842,  aged  43.  1.  Grit.  Exam,  of  Bellamy's  Trans,  of 
the  Bible,  1822.  2.  Gate  to  the  French,  Italian,  and  Span 
ish  Languages  unlocked.  3.  Gate  to  the  Hebrew,  Arabic, 
and  Syriac  unlocked  by  a  new  and  easy  method  of  learn 
ing  the  Accidents,  1827,  8vo.  4.  The  English  Gentle 
man's  Library  Manual ;  or,  A  Guide  to  the  Formation  of 
a  Library  of  Select  Literature,  accompanied  with  original 
Notices,  Biographical  and  Critical,  of  Authors  and  Books, 
1827,  8vo.  This  volume  does  not  exhibit  a  very  compre 
hensive  catalogue  of  books,  but  contains  some  good  criti 
cism  and  several  interesting  items  of  literary  history. 
6.  A  Course  of  XII.  Lectures  on  the  Study  of  Biblical  Lite 
rature,  Lon.,  1838,  8vo.  Re-issued  under  the  title  of  Lec 
tures  on  Biblical  Literature. 

"An  admirable  manual  of  topics  connected  with  the  history  and 
interpretation  of  the  Scriptures.  The  author  not  only  discovers  a 
laudable  enthusiasm  for  his  subject,  but  he  treats  it  like  a  master." 
— Lon.  Congreg.  Mag. 

"  It  is  with  much  pleasure  we  again  meet  a  gentleman  to  whom 
the  theological  world  is  under  great  obligations  for  the  very  masterly 
manner  in  which  he  exposed  the  incompetency  of  John  Bellamy 
to  the  task  of  improving  the  received  version  of  the  Bible.  .  .  . 
We  warmly  recommend  this  work  [the  Lectures]  to  the  attention 
of  all  who  would  render  themselves  familiar  with  the  literature 
of  the  Bible."— ion.  Evangel.  Mag.,  1838,  595. 

6.  The  Bible  Cyclopedioe.  Mr.  G.  only  lived  to  prepare 
this  work  to  the  letter  R.  It  was  pub.  in  2  vols.,  fol.  He 
had  been  engaged  in  its  compilation  for  the  three  years 
preceding  his  death.  In  1840  he  issued  proposals  for  a 
society  to  be  called  the  Dugdale  Society,  for  the  elucida 
tion  of  British  Family  Antiquity,  But  the  project  was 
not  encouraged. 

Goodinge,  Thos.  Law  ag.B'krupts,1719,'29,  '41, 8vo. 

Goodison,  Wm.  An  Hist,  and  Topog.  Essay  upon 
the  Islands  of  Corfu,  Leucadia,  Cephalonia,  Ithaca,  and 
Zante,  Lon.,  1822,  8vo,  pp.  267,  with  Maps  and  Sketches. 

"An  interesting  little  volume,  containing  much  curious  matter 
not  unworthy  the  attention  of  the  scholar  and  the  antiquary." — 
Lowndes's  Bibl.  Man. 

Goodlad,  Wm.     Absorbent  System,  Lon.,  1814,  8vo. 

Goodman,  Christopher,  1520F-1601?  a  Puritan 
divine,  educated  at  Brasenose  Coll.,  Oxf.,  was  a  prominent 
advocate  of  the  Reformation  in  Scotland.  1.  How  far  Su 
perior  Powers  ought  to  be  obeyed  of  their  Subjects,  Ge- 
neua,  1558,  16mo. 

"An  absurd  and  factious  pamphlet  against  Queen  Mary."(  See 
Warton's  Hist,  of  Eng.  Poetry. 

"  Christopher  Goodman  almost  filled  up  every  chapter  in  this 
book  with  railing  speeches  against  the  Queen,  [Mary  of  England,] 
and  stirr'd  up  the  people  to  rebel  against  her." — Heylin's  Hist,  of 
the  Reformation. 

2.  A  Commentary  upon  Amos.     Wood  erroneously  as 
cribes  to  Goodman  John  Knox's  book,  entitled  The  First 
Blast  of  the  Trumpet  against  the  Monstrous  Regiment  of 
Women.     For  accounts  of  Goodman,  see   KNOX,  JOHN; 
Bliss's  Wood's  Athen.  Oxon.;  Strype's   Life  of  Parker; 
Scott's  Lives  of  the  Scotch  Reformers ;  Peck's  Desiderata, 
vol.  i. 

"The  truth  is,  Goodman  was  a  most  violent  nonconformist,  and 
for  rigidness  he  went  beyond  his  friend  Calvin,  who  remembers 
and  mentions  him  in  his  epistles,  1561." — Athen.  Oxon. 

Goodman,  Godfrey,  1583-1655,  an  English  prelate, 
"and  the  only  one  who  forsook  the  Church  of  England 
for  that  of  Rome  since  the  Reformation,"  was  a  native 
of  Ruthvyn,  Denbighshire,  and  educated  at  Westminster 
School  and  Trin.  Coll.,  Camb.;  Dean  of  Rochester,  1620; 
Bishop  of  Gloucester,  1625;  suspended  by  Archbishop 
Laud,  1639 :  soon  after  his  suspension  he  became  a  member 
of  the  Church  of  Rome.  He  pub.  a  treatise  on  the  Fall 
of  Man,  1624,  4to;  Animad.  on  Hakewill  on  Providence, 
Ac. ;  but  is  best  known  to  modern  readers  by  his  Hist,  of 
his  Own  Times,  comprising  Memoirs  of  the  Courts  of  Eliza- 


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beth  and  James  I. ;  edited  from  the  original  MSS.  by  John 
S.  Brewer,  Lon.,  1839,  2  vols.  8vo. 

"  An  amusing  and  useful  publication,  abounding  in  anecdotes 
illustrative  of  the  public  characters  of  the  latter  end  of  Elizabeth's 
reign,  and  during  the  reign  of  James  I.  The  bishop  was  a  shrewd 
observer,  and  relates  his  facts  and  observations  in  a  sensible, 
lively,  and  unaffected  style."— Lon.  Times. 

Goodman,  James.     Serm.  on  Ps.  Ixxvi.  4. 

Goodman,  John,  D.D.,  Rector  of  Hadham,  Herts, 
and  Archdeacon  of  Middlesex,  pub.  a  Discourse  on  Auri 
cular  Confession,  (see  Gibson's  Preservative,  i.  10 ;)  The 
Penitent  Pardoned,  1679,  4to,  often  reprinted;  some  serms. 
and  other  theolog.  treatises,  1674-97. 

Goodman,  Tobias,  a  Jewish  Rabbi.  Trans,  of  Rabbi 
Judias's  Investigation  of  Causes,  <fcc. ;  containing  theolog. 
sentences,  Lon.,  1808,  12mo. 

Goodrich,  Rev.  Charles  A.»  of  Hartford,  Conn. 

1.  Lives  of  the  Signers  to  the  Declaration  of  Independence, 
Hartford,  1829,  8vo,  pp.  460;  Lon.  and  N.  York,  1836,  8vo. 

2.  Hist,  of  the  U.  States  of  America.     New  ed.,  Boston, 
1852, 12mo,  pp.  425.     The  last  ed.  of  this  excellent  work 
brings  down  the  history  to  July   15,   1850.     3.  Family 
Sabbath  Day  Miscellany,  Phila.,  1855,  12mo.     4.  A  Geo 
graphy  of  the  Chief  Places  mentioned  in  the  Bible,  and 
the  Principal  Events  connected  with  them,  New  York, 
18mo,  pp.  195.     Other  works. 

Goodrich,  Charles  B.  Lowell  Lectures:  The 
Science  of  Government,  as  exhibited  in  the  Institutions 
of  the  United  States  of  America,  Boston,  1853,  8vo.  The 
value  of  expositions  of  this  character — when  ability, 
accuracy  of  statement,  and  popularity  of  style,  are  com 
bined — cannot  be  too  highly  estimated;  and  in  Mr.  Good- 
rich's  work 

"  The  powers  of  the  general  government  and  the  relations  of 
the  Federal  and  State  authorities  and  laws  are  very  carefully  and 
thoroughly  stated  and  explained.  It  makes  an  admirable  bock 
of  reference,  and  is  not  encumbered  with  legal  technicalities  or 
the  repulsive  show  of  dry  learning." 

Goodrich,  Charles  R.,  of  Flushing,  Long  Island, 
d.  1855,  studied  medicine,  but  never  practised. 

"  His  attainments  as  chemist  and  naturalist  were  extensive  and 
accurate." 

1.  The  World  of  Science,  Art,  and  Industry,  Illustrated 
with  500  drawings  from  the  New  York  (1853)  Exhibition. 
Edited  by  Prof.  B.  Silliman,  Jr.,  and  C.  R.  Goodrich,  N. 
York,  1854,  4to. 

"  An  exceedingly  handsome  work,  got  up  with  much  taste  and 
spirit." — Lon.  Art  Journal. 

2.  Practical  Science  and  Mechanism  Illustrated.  Edited 
by  C.  R.  Goodrich,  aided  by  Professors  Hall,  Silliman,  Jr., 
&c.,  1854,  4to.     This  work  professes  to  be 

"  A  careful  and  laborious  analysis  of  the  present  state  of  Science 
and  the  Arts  throughout  the  world,  with  important  statistical 
facts  posted  up  to  the  present  time,  [1854.]" 

The  statistics  of  Coal  and  Minerals  presented  are  of 
great  value  to  the  practical  reader. 

Goodrich,  Chauncey  A.,  D.D.,  b.  Oct.  23,  1790, 
at  New  Haven,  Conn.,  graduated  at  Yale  College  in  1810. 
In  1812  he  became  a  tutor  in  that  institution,  and,  at  the 
request  of  President  Dwight,  prepared  a  Greek  Grammar, 
which  was  extensively  used  in  the  schools  and  colleges 
of  New  England.  This  was  followed  by  Greek  Lessons, 
and  Latin  Lessons,  designed  to  lead  the  pupil  by  regular 
stages  into  a  knowledge  of  the  ancient  languages,  on  a 
plan  afterwards  applied  to  modern  languages  by  Ollen- 
dorff.  After  two  years  spent  in  the  ministry,  he  was  ap 
pointed  in  1817  Professor  of  Rhetoric  and  Oratory  in  Yale 
College,  the  duties  of  which  office,  in  part,  he  still  per 
forms,  in  connection  with  those  of  the  professorship  of 
Pastoral  Theology,  to  which  post  he  was  appointed  in 
1839.  In  1820  he  was  elected  President  of  Williams 
College,  Massachusetts,  but  declined  the  office.  Soon 
after  the  publication  of  Dr.  Noah  Webster's  (father-in- 
law  to  Dr.  Goodrich)  American  Dictionary  in  1828,  he 
I  superintended  an  abridgment  of  the  work,  pub.  in  r.  8vo, 
J  for  general  use ;  and,  with  the  author's  consent,  conformed 
the  orthography,  in  most  respects,  to  that  which  has  been 
commonly  received  in  the  United  States.  In  1847  he  pub. 
a  revision  of  both  the  4to  and  8vo  dictionaries,  with  large 
additions,  the  result  of  many  years  of  labour,  in  which 
j  he  was  aided  by  his  colleagues,  Messrs.  Silliman,  Olm- 
sted,  &c.  See  N.  Amer.  Rev.,  Ixvi.  256,  257.  For  a  num 
ber  of  years  Prof.  G.  discharged  the  duties  connected 
with  the  editorship  of  the  Quarterly  Christian  Spectator. 
But  perhaps  the  most  important  contribution  made  by 
him  to  the  literature  of  the  age  is  his  vol.  entitled  Select 
British  Eloquence,  embracing  the  Best  Speeches  Entire 
j  of  the  most  eminent  Orators  of  Great  Britain  for  the  last 
I  two  Centuries,  with  Sketches  of  their  Lives,  an  Estimate 


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of  their  Genius,  and  Notes  Critical  and  Explanatory,  N. 
York,  1852,  8vo,  pp.  947. 

"  This  bulky  volume  performs  more  than  it  promises.  It  is  not 
only  a  collection,  made  with  excellent  taste  and  judgment,  of  the 
best  specimens  of  English  eloquence,  whether  parliamentary, 
forensic  or  popular,  but  the  biographical  and  illustrative  matter 
annexed  is  copious  enough  to  form  a  tolerably  complete  political 
history  of  England  from  Queen  Anne's  time  to  the  present  day. 
At  any  rate,  a  full  acquaintance  with  the  contents  of  this  volume, 
taking  the  speeches  and  the  commentary  together,  would  be  a 
very  useful  appendage  to  that  knowledge  of  the  political  events 
of  the  period  which  may  be  derived  from  works  professedly  his 
torical  or  biographical  in  their  character.''—^.  Amcr.  Rev.,  Ixxvi. 
253-255. 

Having  perused  this  volume  with  care  as  well  as  de 
light,  we  are  able  to  fully  endorse  the  preceding  com 
mendation.  No  student  of  history,  biography,  political, 
forensic,  or  sacred  eloquence,  should  be  without  this  work. 
Those  w'ho  have  not  seen  it  will  be  surprised  to  learn  that 
Prof.  G.  gives  us  in  this  one  volume  one-sixth  more  of 
matter  than  is  contained  in  Chapman's  Select  Speeches,  or 
Williston's  American  Eloquence,  in  5  vols.  8vo  each.  It 
comprises  the  substance  of  Prof.  G.'s  lectures  on  the  great 
English  orators. 

"A  distinct  volume,"  the  author  remarks,  "would  be 
necessary  for  American  eloquence  if  the  lectures  on  that 
subject  should  ever  be  published." 

We  trust  the  "  distinct  volume"  will  be  published,  and 
also  the  author's  lectures  on  Demosthenes'  Oration  for  the 
Crown.  Such  contributions  to  the  cause  of  public  educa 
tion  are  beyond  price. 

In  1856,  he  edited  a  r.  8vo  ed.  of  Webster's  American 
Dictionary  of  the  English  Language,  exhibiting  the  Origin, 
Orthography,  Pronunciation,  and  Definition  of  Words.  To 
which  are  added  a  Synopsis  of  Words  differently  pronounced 
by  different  Orthoepists;  and  Walker's  Key  to  the  Classical 
Pronunciation  of  Greek,  Latin,  and  Scripture  Proper  Names, 
revised  and  enlarged.  With  the  Addition  of  a  Vocabulary 
of  Modern  Geographical  Names,  with  their  Pronunciation ; 
containing  all  the  words  in  the  Quarto  Edition,  and  also 
an  arrangement  of  Synonyms  under  the  leading  Words, — 
a  new  and  important  feature,  and  not  to  be  found  in  any 
other  work,  and  particularly  useful  to  young  writers.  It 
embraces  more  than  six  hundred  articles  of  this  kind,  being 
a  larger  number  than  is  contained  in  any  similar  work  in 
our  language,  with  the  exception  of  Crabbe.  In  the  same 
year  he  pub.  (Webster's  University  Dictionary)  A  Pronoun 
cing  and  Denning  Dictionary  of  the  English  Language; 
abridged  from  Webster's  American  Dictionary,  8vo,  pp.  610. 
Goodrich,  Frank  Boott,  b.  1826,  in  Boston,  son  of 
S.  G.  Goodrich,  (Peter  Parley.)  For  several  years  he  was 
the  Paris  correspondent  of  the  N.Y.  Times  over  the  signa 
ture  of  Dick  Tinto.  1.  Tri-Colored  Sketches  of  Paris,  N. 
Y.,  1854,  12mo.  2.  Court  of  Napoleon;  or,  Society  under 
the  First  Empire,  with  Portraits  of  its  Beauties,  Wits,  and 
Heroines,  N.Y.,  1857,  r.  4to.  An  elegant  volume.  3.  Man 
upon  the  Sea;  or,  History  of  Maritime  Adventure,  Explo 
ration,  and  Discovery,  Phila.,  1858,  8vo.  4.  Women  of 
Beauty  and  Heroism,  N.Y.,  1859,  r.  4to.  This  is  a  com 
panion-volume  to  No.  2. 

Goodrich,  Samuel  Griswold,  alias  Peter  Par 
ley,  was  born  Aug.  19,  1793,  at  Ridgefield,  Connecticut. 
Shortly  after  attaining  his  majority,  he  commenced  the 
business  of  a  publisher  in  Hartford,  and  devoted  himself 
to  this  branch  of  trade  for  some  years.  In  1823-24,  he 
visited  England,  France,  Germany,  and  Holland,  and  not 
long  after  his  return  home  commenced  the  publication  of 
the  famous  Peter  Parley  volumes. 

In  1828  Mr.  Goodrich  commenced  the  publication  of 
The  Token,  an  original  annual,  which  he  edited  for  four 
teen  years.  In  this  series  appeared  many  of  his  poems, — 
for  Peter  Parley  is  a  poet  of  no  mean  rank, — afterwards 
pub.,  together  with  prose  pieces,  also  contributed  to  The 
Token,  Ac.  under  the  title  of  Sketches  from  a  Student's 
Window,  1841.  The  Outcast  and  other  Poems  had  pre 
ceded  this  vol.  by  four  years,  being  pub.  in  1837.  In  1851 
appeared  a  beautiful  edit,  of  his  Poems,  (including  The 
Outcast,)  with  Pictorial  Illustrations.  The  designs  (about 
forty)  are  mostly  by  Mr.  Billings,  the  engravings  by  Bob- 
bett  &  Edmonds,  Lossing  &  Barrett,  Hartwell,  and  others, 
and  the  printing  by  Mr.  John  F.  Trow. 

Mr.  Goodrich  has  had  an  eye  to  intelligent  legislation 
as  well  as  juvenile  instruction;  and  his  valuable  parents' 
assistant,  entitled  "Fireside  Education,"  (1838,  12mo,) 
was  composed  in  sixty  days,  while  the  author  was  occupied 
with  the  important  duties  devolving  upon  him  as  a  member 
of  the  Massachusetts  Senate.  How  greatly  parents  have 
been  aided  and  encouraged — as  well  as  children  instructed 
and  delighted — through  the  earlier  volumes  of  Parley's 
700 


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Magazine,  Merry's  Museum,  Parley's  Cabinet  Library,  and 
tiis  numberless  volumes  of  many  kinds,  who  shall  estimate? 

In  1851,  the  President  of  the  United  States— his  Excel 
lency  Millard  Fillmore — conferred  a  deserved  compliment 
upon  Mr.  Goodrich  by  appointing  him  Consul  to  Paris. 
In  1855  Mr.  G.  returned  to  the  United  States,  and  is  now 
(1858)  residing  in  New  York. 

We  have  spoken  of  the  volumes  of  this  popular  author  as 

numberless;"  but  here  we  are  a  little  extravagant, — for  the 

author  has  been  obliged  to  "  number"  them  in  self-defence. 

See  Recollections  of  a  Lifetime ;  or,  Men  and  Things  I  have 

Seen,  by  S.  G.  Goodrich,  N.  York,  1858,  2  vols.  12mo. 

List  of  Work*  of  which  S.  G.  Goodrich  is  the  Editor  or 
Author. 

"  My  experience,  as  an  author,  has  been  not  a  little  singular,  in 
one  respect.  While  on  the  other  side  of  the  Atlantic  my  name  has 
been  largely  used,  as  a  passport  to  the  public,  for  books  I  never 
wrote,  attempts  have  been  made  in  this  country  to  deprive  me  of 
the  authorship  of  at  least  a  hundred  volumes  which  I  did  write. 
It  requires  some  patience  to  reflect  upon  this  with  equanimity;  to 
see  myself,  falsely,  saddled  with  the  paternity  of  things  which  are 
either  stupid,  or  vulgar,  or  immoral, — or  perhaps  all  together;  and 
then  to  be  deprived,  also  by  falsehood,  of  the  means  of  effectually 
throwing  them  off  by  appealing  to  genuine  works — which  have 
obtained  general  favor — through  a  suspicion  cast  into  the  public 
mind  that  I  am  a  mere  pretender,  and  that  the  real  authorship 
of  these  works  belongs  to  another  person. 

"  This,  however,  has  been,  and  perhaps  is,  my  position,  at  least 
with  some  portion  of  the  public.  I  have  thought  it  worth  while, 
therefore,  to  print  a  catalogue  of  my  genuine  works,  and  also  a  list 
of  the  folse  ones  issued  under  my  name,  with  such  notes  as  seem 
necessary  to  set  the  whole  matter  clearly  before  the  public. 

"  The  following  comprise  all  my  works,  to  the  best  of  my  recol 
lection  : 

MISCELLANEOUS. 

Date  of       No 
publication.  Tola. 

The  Token— A  New  Year's  and  Christmas  Present 18-28...14 

[The  first  volume  was  issued  ia  1828,  and  it  was  con 
tinued,  yearly,  till  1842 — 15  years.  18mo  and  12nio. 
Edited  by  me,  except  that  in  1829  it  was  edited  by 
N.  P.  Willis.  Among  the  contributors  to  this  work 
were.  E.  Everett  Bishop  Doane,  A.  II.  Everett,  J.  Q. 
Adams.  H.  W.  Longfellow,  I.  McLellan,  Jr.,  N.  Haw 
thorne,  Miss  Sedgwick,  Mrs.  Sigourney,  Willis  Gay- 
lord  Clark,  N.  P.  Willis,  J.  Neale,  Grenville  Mellen, 
Geo.  Lunt,  John  Pierpont,  Caleb  Cushing,  II.  Pick 
ering,  Miss  Leslie,  T.  H.Gallaudet,  Mrs.  Child.  P. 
W.  P.  Greenwood,  Rev.  T.  Flint,  II.  F.  Gould,  W.  L. 
Stone,  H.  T.  Tuckerman,  Madame  Calderon  de  la 
Barca,  0.  W.  Holmes.  Mrs.  Seba  Smith,  Mrs.  Osgood, 
Mrs.  Lee,  J.  Inman,  Horace  Greeley,  I.  C.  Pray,  Oi«- 
ville  Dewey,  0.  W.  B.  Peabody,  James  Hall,  Mrs. 
Hale,  Mrs.  Hofland,  J.  T.  Fields,  Miss  M.  A.  Browne, 
R.  C.  Waterston,  Nath.  Greene,  II.  II.  Weld,  G.  C. 
Verplanck,  T.  S.  Fay,  J.  0.  Rockwell,  C.  Sprague,etc.] 
A  History  of  All  Nations,  from  the  Earliest  Period  to  the 
Present  Time— In  which  the  History  of  every  Nation, 
Ancient  and  Modern,  is  separately  given.  Large  8vo, 

1200  pp 1849...  1 

[In  the  compilation  of  this  wojrk  I  had  the  assistance 
of  Hev.  Royal  Robbins,  of  Berlin,  Conn.,  Rev.  W.  S. 
Jenks,  and  Mr.  S.  Kettell,  of  Boston,  and  F.  B. 
Goodrich,  of  New  York.] 

A  Pictorial  Geography  of  the  World.    Large  8 vo,  1000  pp.  1840...  1 
[The  first  edition  of  this  work  was  published  in  1831, 
but,  being  found  imperfect,  was  revised  and  remo 
deled  at  this  dafl       In  the  original  work  I  had  the 
assistance  of  J.  0.  Sargent  and  S.  P.  Holbrook,  Esqs., 
and  Mr.  S.  Kettell :  the  new  edition  was  mainly 
prepared  by  T.  S.  Bradford,  Esq.] 
Sow  WTell  and  Reap  Well,  or  Fireside  Education.    12mo.  1838...  1 

A  Pictorial  History  of  America.    8vo 1845...  1 

Winter  Wreath  of  Summer  Flowers.  8vo.  Colored  En 
gravings 1853...  1 

The  Outcast,  and  other  Poems.    12mo 1836...  1 

Sketches  from  a  Student's  Window.    12mo 1841...  1 

Poems.    12mo 1851...  1 

Ireland  and  the  Irish.    12mo 1842...  I 

Five  Letters  to  my  Neighbor  Smith 1839...  1 

Les  tftats  Unis  d'Atnerique.    8vo 1852...  1 

[This  was  published  in  Paris.] 

The  Gem  Book  of  British  Poetry.    Square  8vo 1854...  1 

The  Picture  Play  Book 1855...  1 

Recollections  of  a  Lifetime;  or,  Men  and  Things  I  have 
Seen,  in  a  series  of  Familiar  Letters — Historical,  Bio 
graphical,  Anecdotical,  and  Descriptive:  addressed  to 

a  Friend.    12mo 1857...  2 

SCHOOL  BOOKS. 
Ancient  History,  from  the  Creation  to  the  Fall  of  Rome. 

12mo 1846...  1 

Modern  History,  from  the  Fall  of  Rome  to  the  present 

time.     12mo 1847...  1 

History  of  North  America ;  or,  The  United  States  and  ad 
jacent  Countries.  18mo 1846...  1 

History  of  South  America  and  the  West  Indies.    18mo...  1846...  1 

History  of  Europe.     18mo 1848...  1 

History  of  Asia.    18mo 1848...  1 

History  of  Africa.     ISmo 1850...  1 

[In  the  compilation  of  the  preceding  six  volumes,  ex 
cluding  North  America,  I  had  large  assista^e  from 
Mr.  S.  Kettell.] 


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Date  of       No. 
publication.  Tola. 

A  Comprehensive  Geography  and  History,  Ancient  and 

Modern.    4to 1849...  1 

The  National  Geography.    4to ••  1849...  1 

A  Primer  of  History,  for  Beginners  at  Home  and  School. 

24mo 1850...  1 

A  Primer  of  Geography,  for  Home  and  School.    With 

Jlaps     1850...   1 

A  Pictorial' History  of  "theUnite'd  States.    12mo 1846...  1 

A  Pictorial  History  of  England.    12mo «7«  "  ! 

A  Pictorial  History  of  France.    12mo 1846. ..  1 

A  Pictorial  History  of  Greece.    12mo *°*o  '  } 

A  Pictorial  History  of  Rome.    12mo ••  1848...  1 

[In  the  preparation  of  the  preceding  five  volumes,  I 
had  assistance  from  Dr.  Alcott,  Mr.  J.  Lowell,  Ac.  I 
was  largely  assisted  in  the  preparation  of  Rome  by 
Mr.  S.  Kettell.]  ,0.0  , 

A  Pictorial  Natural  History.    12mo 1842...  1 

The  Young  American;  or,  A  Book  of  Government  and 

Law      12mo 1842...  1 

The  Malte-Brun  School  Geography.    16mo 1830...  1 

Maps  for  the  same.    4to 1830...  1 

The  Child's  Own  Book  of  Geography;  or,  The  Western 

Hemisphere.    With  Maps.  Square  12mo.  (Outof  print.)  1834...  1 
The  Child's  Own  Book  of  Geography;  or,  The  Eastern 

Hemisphere.    With  Maps.  Square  12mo.  (Out  of  print.)  1834...  1 

Goodrich's  First  Reader.    18mo 1846...  1 

Goodrich's  Second  Reader.    18mo 1846...  1 

Goodrich's  Third  Reader.    18mo 1846...  ] 

Goodrich's  Fourth  Reader.    12mo 1846...  ] 

Goodrich's  Fifth  Reader.    12mo 1846...  1 

TALES  UNDER  THE  NAME  OF  PETER  PARLEY. 

The  Tales  of  Peter  Parley  about  America.    Square  16mo.  1827...  : 

Do.  -  do.  Europe.  do.  1828...  : 

Peter  Parley's  Winter-Evening  Tales.  do.  1829...: 

Peter  Parley's  Juvenile  Tales.  do.  1830...  '. 

The  Tale  of  Peter  Parley  about  Africa.  do.  1830...  1 

Do.  do.  Asia.  do.  1830...  1 

Peter  Parley's  Tales  about  the  Sun,  Moon,  and  Stars. 

Square  16mo 1830...  1 

Peter  Parley's  Tales  of  the  Sea.     Square  16mo 1831...  1 

Peter  Parley's  Tales  about  the  Islands  in  the  Pacific 

Ocean.    Square  16mo 1831... 

Peter   Parley's  Method  of  Telling    about   Geography. 

Square  16mo 1830... 

[This  work  was  remodelled  and  reproduced  in  1844, 
under  the  name  of"  Parley's  Geography  for  Begin 
ners,  at  Home  and  School."  Two  millions  of  copies 
of  it  were  sold :  the  publisher  paid  me  three  hun 
dred  dollars  for  the  copy-right,  and  made  his  for 
tune  by  it] 
Peter  Parley's  Tales  about  the  World.  Square  16mo. 

(Out  of  print.) 1831... 

Peter  Parley's  tales  about  New  York.     Square  16mo. 

(Out  of  print.) 1832... 

Peter  Parley's  Tales  about  Great  Britain — Including  Eng 
land,  Scotland,  and  Ireland.    Square  16mo.    (Out  of 

print.) 1834... 

Parley's  Picture-Book.     Square  16mo 1834... 

Parley's  Short  Stories  for  Long  Nights.    Square  16mo....  1834... 

Peter  Parley's  Book  of  Anecdotes.  do 1836... 

Parley's  Tales  about  Animals.     12mo 1831... 

Persevere  and  Prosper;  or,  The  Siberian  Sable-Hunter. 

18mo 1843... 

Make  the  Best  of  it;   or,  Cheerful  Cherry,  and  other 

Tales.     18ino 1843... 

Wit  Bought;  or,  The  Adventures  of  Robert  Merry.  18mo.  1844... 
What  to  do,  and  How  to  do  it;  or,  Morals  and  Manners. 

18mo 1844... 

A  Home  in  the  Sea ;  or,  The  Adventures  of  Philip  Brusque. 

18mo 1845... 

Right  is  Might,  and  other  Sketches.    18mo 1845... 

A  Tale  of  the  Revolution,  and  other  Sketches.    18mo....  1845... 
DickBoldhero;  or,  The  Wonders  of  South  America.  18mo.  1846... 

Truth-Finder;  or,  Inquisitive  Jack.    18mo 1846>.. 

Take  Care  of  No.  1 ;  or,  The  Adventures  of  Jacob  Karl. 

18mo 1850... 

Tales  of  Sea  and  Land 1846... 

Every-Day  Book.     Square  16mo.    (Out  of  print,) 1835... 

Parley's  Present  for  All  Seasons.    12mo 1853... 

Parley's  Wanderers  by  Sea  and  Land.    12mo 1854... 

Parley's  Fagots  for  the  Fireside.    12mo 1854... 

Parley's  Balloon  Travels  of  Robert  Merry  and  his  Young 

Friends  in  various  parts  of  Europe.    12mo 1856... 

Parley's  Adventures  of  Gilbert  Goahead.    12mo 1856... 

Parley's  Adventures  of  Billy  Bump,  all  the  way  from 

Sundown  to  California.    (In  press.) 1857 

Parley's  Balloon  Travels  of  Robert  Merry  and  his  Young 
Friends  in  the  Holy  Land  and  other  parts  of  Asia. 
12mo.  (In  press.) 1857 

PARLEY'S  HISTORICAL  COMPENDS. 
Peter  Parley's  Universal  History  on  the  basis  of  Geogra 
phy.     Large  square  16mo 1837... 

Peter  Parley's  Common  School  History.    12mo 1837... 

The  First  Book  of  History  for  Children  and  Youth.  Large 

square  12mo 1831.. 

The  Second  Book  of  History — Designed  as  a  Sequel  to  the 

First  Book  of  History.    Large  square  12mo 1832.. 

The  Third  Book  of  History— Designed  as  a  Sequel  to  the 

First  and  Second  Books  of  History.    Square  12mo 1833.. 

[The  two  preceding  volumes  were  compiled  under  my 
direction,  and  were  then  remodelled  by  me,  but  were 
not  published,  nor  were  they  intended  to  appear, 


GOO 

Date  of       No. 
publication,  volg. 

as  by  Peter  Parley;  they  have,  however,  passed 

under  that  name  for  several  years.] 
rley's  Tales  about  Ancient  Rome,  with  some  account 

of  Modern  Italy.     Square  16mo 1832...  1 

rley's  Tales  about  Ancient  and  Modern  Greece.  Square 

16mo 1833...  1 

stoire  des  Etats  Unis  d'Amerique.    Published  in  Paris 

.,_d  the  United  States.    12mo 1853.:.  1 

tite  Histoire  Universelle.     Published  in  Paris  and  the 

United  States.    12mo 1853...  I 

[In  the  preparation  of  some  of  these,  I  had  the  aid  of 

N.  Hawthorne  and  J.  0.  Sargent,  Esqs.,  &c.] 

PARLEY'S  MISCELLANIES. 
PARLEY'S  CABINET  LIBRARY:  20  vols.  small  12mo,  as  follows: 

BIOGRAPHICAL  DEPARTMENT. 

Lives  of  Famous  Men  of  Modern  Times 1844-5. 

2.  Lives  of  Famous  Men  of  Ancient  Times 

3.  Curiosities  of  Human  Nature 

4.  Lives  of  Benefactors 

5.  Lives  of  Famous  American  Indians 

6.  Lives  of  Celebrated  Women 

HISTORICAL   DEPARTMENT. 

'.  Lights  and  Shadows  of  American  History " 

8.  Lights  and  Shadows  of  European  History " 

|.  Lights  and  Shadows  of  Asiatic  History 

0.  Lights  and  Shadows  of  African  History 

L.  History  of  the  American  Indians " 

2.  Manners,  Customs,  and  Antiquities  of  the  Ameri 

can  Indians u 

MISCELLANEOUS. 

3.  A  Glance  at  the  Sciences " 

4.  Wonders  of  Geology " 

5.  Anecdotes  of  the  Animal  Kingdom " 

6.  A  Glance  at  Philosophy " 

7.  Book  of  Literature,  with  Specimens 

8.  Enterprise,  Industry,  and  Art  of  Man " 

9.  Manners  and  Customs  of  Nations " 

0.  The  World  and  its  Inhabitants " 


'arley's  Panorama;  or,  The  Curiosities  of  Nature  and 
Art,  History  and  Biography.  Large  8vo,  double  co 
lumns  1849...  1 

'arley's  Geography  for  Beginners.    Square  16mo 1844...  1 

[This  is  a  reproduction  and  remodelling  of  "  Parley's 
Method  of  Telling  about  Geography  for  Children."] 
Parley's  Farewell.    Large  square  16mo.    (Out  of  print.)...  1836...  1 

Parley's  Arithmetic.    Square  16mo 1833...  1 

Parley's  Spelling-Book.    (Out  of  print.) 1833...  1 

Parley's  Book  of  the  United  States.    Square  16mo 1833...  1 

Geographic  Elemeutaire.     8vo 1854...  1 

[Published  at  Paris.] 

Elementary  Geography.    8vo.    With  Maps :.  1834...  1 

[Published  in  London.] 

Parley's  Present.    Small  24mo.    (Out  of  print.) 1836...  1 

Parley's  Dictionaries — Of  Botany,  of  Astronomy,  of  the 
Bible,  of  Bible  Geography,  of  History,  of  Commerce. 

Six  vols.  large  square  16mo 1834...  6 

Three  Months  at  Sea,  (an  English  book,  with  additions 

and  modifications.)     Square  16mo 1832...  1 

The  Captive  of  Nootka  Sound.    Square  16mo 1832...  1 

The  Story  of  Capt.  Riley.  do 1832...  1 

The  Story  of  La  Perouse.  do 1832...  1 

The  Story  of  Alexander  Selkirk.          do 1833...  1 

Bible  Stories,  (a  London  book,  with  additions.)    Square 

16mo 1833...  1 

Parley's  Magazine.    Began  1832.     Large  square  12mo....  1833...  1 
[This  work  was  planned  and  established  by  me :  but 
after  about  a  year  I  was  obliged  to  relinquish  it, 
from  ill  health  and  an  affection  of  my  eyes.    It  was 
conducted,  without  any  interest  or  participation  on 
iny  part,  for  about  twelve  years,  when  it  ceased.] 
Merry's  Museum  and  Parley's  Magazine.    Large  square 

12mo.     Commenced  1841 1841... 28 

[This  work  was  begun  and  established  by  me,  under 
the  title  of  Merry's  Museum,  but  after  the  discon 
tinuance  of  Parley's  Magazine  the  latter  title  was 
added.  The  work  continued  under  my  exclusive 
editorship  until  I  left  for  Europe  in  1850 ;  from  that 
time,  while  I  had  a  general  charge  of  the  work,  Rev. 
S.  T.  Allen  was  the  home  editor.  At  the  close  of  the 
fourteenth  year,  (the  twenty-eighth  semi-annual 
volume.  1854.)  my  connection  with  the  work  en 
tirely  ceased.] 

"  Remarks. 

"  1  thus  stand  before  the  public  as  the  author  and  editor  of  about 
one  hundred  and  seventy  volumes — one  hundred  and  sixteen  bear 
ing  the  name  of  Peter  Parley.  Of  all  these,  about  seven  millions 
of  volumes  have  been  sold :  about  three  hundred  thousand  vo 
lumes  are  now  sold  annually. 

"A  recent  writer  in  the  Boston  Courier  has  said  that  the  late 
Mr.  S.  Kettell  was  the  '  Veritable  Peter  Parley' — thereby  asserting, 
in  effect,  and  conveying  the  impression,  that,  he  being  the  author 
of  the  Parley  Books,  I,  who  have  claimed  them,  am  an  impostor. 
He  has,  moreover,  claimed  for  him,  in  precise  terms,  the  actual 
authorship  of  various  works  which  have  appeared  under  my  own 
proper  name.  For  reasons  which  will  appear  hereafter,  I  deem  it 
necessary  to  expose  this  impudent  attempt  at  imposture— absurd 
and  preposterous  as  it  appears  upon  its  very  face. 

"  First,  as  to  the  Parley  Books :— it  will  probably  be  sufficient  for 
me  to  make  the  following  statement.  In  respect  to  the  thirty-six 

701 


GOO 

rolumes  of  Parley's  Tales,  in  the  preceding  list,  ttie  earlier  num 
bers  of  which  began  and  gave  currency  to  the  entire  Parley  series, 
no  person  except  myself  ever  wrote  a  single  sentence. 

"  As  to  Parley's  Historical  Compe.nds—somn  nine  or  ten  volumes 
—I  had  the  assistance  of  N.  Hawthorne  and  J.  0.  Sargent,  Esqs., 
and  others ;  but  Mr.  Kettell  never  wrote  a  line  of  any  one  of  them  ! 

"As  to  Parley's  Miscellanies— about  fifty  volumes— I  had  some 
assistance  from  several  persons  in  about  a  dozen  of  them.  Air. 
Kettell  wrote  a  few  sketches  for  five  or  six  volumes  of  the  Cabinet 
Library,  which  I  adapted  to  my  purpose,  and  inserted :  this  is  the 
whole  extent  of  his  participation  in  the  entire  Parley  series— one  hun 
dred  and  sixteen  volumes! 

"  J3®=-  He  never  wrote,  planned,  conceived,  or  pretended  to  be  the  au 
thor  of  a  single  volume  bearing  Parley's  name.  Tfie  pretence  thus 
set  up  for  him.  since  his  death,  is  as  preposterous  as  it  is  impudent 
and  false.  It  would  be,  indeed,  about  as  reasonable  to  claim  for  him 
the  authorship  of  Don  Quixote,  or  Gil  Bias,  or  Pilgrim's  Progress, 
as  thus  to  give  him  the  title  of  the  '  VerUabU Peter  ParUy.' 

"  The  writer  above  noticed  also  claims  for  Mr.  Kettell  the  chief 
authorship  of  Merry's  Museum,  extending  to  about  thirty  volumes 
large  octavo.  This  claim  is  disposed  of  by  the  following  letter 
from  Kev.  S.  T.  ALLEN— better  qualified  than  any  other  person  to 
be  a  witness  in  the  case : — 

"New  York,  Jan.  28,  ISM. 
"  S.  G.  GOODRICH,  ESQ.  : 

'•  Dear  Sir: — I  have  read  the  several  articles  in  the  Boston  Courier, 
Signed  '  Veritas,'  claiming  for  the  late  Mr.  Kettell  the  authorship 
of  Peter  Parley's  Tales,  Merry's  Museum,  &c.  As  you  request  from 
me  a  statement  as  to  my  knowledge  on  the  subject,  I  cheerfully 
give  it,  which  you  can  publish  if  you  please. 

"  I  purchased,  with  an  associate,  the  entire  Merry's  Museum  in 
1848  or  1849,  from  the  beginning  in  1841,  and  have  been  its  pub 
lisher  until  October  last;  that  is,  over  six  years.  I  have  nearly, 
from  that  time  to  the  present,  been  its  editor,  wholly  or  in  part. 
Puring  this  period,  Mr.  Kettell  has  never  written  any  thing  for  the 
work.  It  is  within  my  knowledge  that  he  wrote  some  articles  in 
the  earlier  volumes,  probably  in  all  not  exceeding  one  hundred 
and  eighty  to  two  hundred  pages.  His  principal  articles  were  the 
'Travels  of  Thomas  Trotter'  and  'Michael  Kastoff;'  these  pos 
sessed  no  particular  merit,  and  did  not  aid  or  advance  the  reputa 
tion  of  the  work. 

"  The  articles  by  you,  extending  through  fifteen  volumes,  nearly 
all  of  which  have  since  been  separately  published  as  Peter  Parley's 
Tales,  gave  life,  circulation,  and  character  to  the  work.  I  have  had 
large  opportunity  to  judge  of  this  matter,  as  I  have  been,  for  more 
than  six  years,  in  constant  commuQication  with  the  subscribers, 
(ten  or  twelve  thousand  in  number,)  and  I  say,  unhesitatingly, 
that  your  articles  in  the  Museum  have  fully  sustained  your  repu 
tation  as  the  ablest,  best-known,  and  most  popular  writer  for  youth 
in  this  country. 

"  I  may  say,  furthermore,  that  I  have  lately  been  in  Europe,  and 
it  is  within  my  knowledge  that  Parley's  works  have  been  published 
there  in  various  languages,  and  are  highly  esteemed. 

"  I  further  state  that  I  have  read  your  reply  to  the  Boston  Cou 
rier  and  '  Veritas'  of  January  13,  and  so  far  as  my  knowledge  ex 
tends,  and  especially  in  respect  to  Merry's  Museum,  it  is  strictly 
correct. 

"  I  need  hardly  say,  in  conclusion,  therefore,  that  I  consider  these 
claims  of  the  Boston  Courier  and  '  Veritas,'  in  favour  of  M  r.  Ket 
tell,  as  wholly  without  foundation.  All  that  can  properly  be  said 
is,  that,  out  of  five  or  six  thousand  pages  of  Merry's  Museum,  he  con 
tributed  about  two  hundred  pages,  marked  with  no  particular  excel 
lence.  The  only  qualification  that  need  be  made  is,  that  I  have 
understood  that  Mr.  Kettell  had  some  general  superintendence  of 
the  work  for  about  six  months,  while  you  were  absent  in  Europe ; 
that  is,  from  September,  1847,  to  March,  1848.  Even  during  this 
period,  Mr.  Kettell's  labors  seem  to  have  been  confined  to  writing 
a  few  small  articles  and  reading  the  proofs. 

"  Yours  respectfully,        STEPHEN  T.  ALLEN. 
"  4®""  Here,  then,  are  eightrand-twenty  volumes  of  Merry's  Museum, 
in  addition  to  eighty-eight  volumes  of  Parley's  works,  rescued  from 
the  claims  of  this  wholesale  literary  burglar. 

"Another  claim  in  behalf  of  Mr.  Kettell  is,  that  he  was  the  au 
thor  of  various  valuable  and  important  school-books,  such  as  the 
Pictorial  History  of  the  United  States,  a  Pictorial  History  of  Greece, 
Ac.  &c.  Ac.  The  subjoined  letter  from  Mr.  George  Savage,  of  the  late 
firm  of  Huntington  &  Savage,  and  now  associated  with  Mr.  J.  H. 
Colton  &  Co.,  Map  and  Geography  Publishers  in  New  York,  will 
settle  this  claim  also. 

«  New  York,  Jan.  31, 1856. 
"  MR.  GOODRICH  : 

"  Dear  Sir : — I  have  looked  over  the  several  attacks  made  upon 
you  in  the  Boston  Courier  by  'Veritas,'  claiming  that  Mr.  Kettell 
was  the  author  of  several  books  which  bear  your  name.  I  am 
acquainted  with  the  history  of  several  of  these  works;  and,  so  far 
as  my  knowledge  extends,  the  statements  of '  Veritas'  are  entirely 
destitute  of  foundation.  I  can  speak  positively  as  to  four  of  the 
books— the  Geographies—'  Parley's,'  the  '  Primer,'  the  '  National, 
and  the  '  Comprehensive,'  for  I  am,  and  have  been  for  some  years 
their  proprietor  and  publisher.  I  have  also  been  interested  in 
them  from  the  beginning,  and  it  is  within  my  knowledge  that  you 
•wrote  them  wholly  and  entirely.  The  statements  of  '  Veritas'  as 
to  Mr.  Kettell's  authorship  of  the  Pictorial  History  of  Greece  and 
the  United  States  are  equally  untrue. 

« '  Veritas'  quotes  a  contract  between  you  and  Mr.  Kettell  of 
May  26,  1846,  to  show  that  Mr.  Kettell  had  written  some  of  the 
'  Parley's  Compends  of  History.'  If  he  will  look  at  the  books  re 
ferred  to  in  this  contract,  he  will  see  that  your  name  is  given  a 
the  author,  and  not  Parley's. 

"  I  speak  of  these  works,  because  I  have  been  engaged  in  pub 
lishing  them,  or  most  of  them.  It  is  evident  that  the  articles  in 
the  Courier  are  written,  throughout,  with  great  rashness ;  and 
though  I  do  not  impugn  the  motives  of  the  writer,  I  feel  free  t< 
say  that,  so  far  as  they  depend  upon  him,  they  seem  to  me  entirely 
•inwortby  of  confidence. 
702 


GOO 

"  I  have  seen  your  replies,  and,  having  had  a  large  knowledge 
_f  your  operations,  I  think  your  statements  have  been  exact,  rea 
sonable,  and  just,  and  have  no  doubt  the  public  will  tbink  so. 
"  Yours,  truly,  GEORGE  SAVAGE. 

"Another  claim,  in  behalf  of  Mr.  Kettell,  made  by  this  adven 
turous  writer,  is,  that  the  History  of  All  Nations— a.  work  of  1200 
pages,  royal  8vo,  which  appears  under  my  name— was  published, 
frith  the  exception  of  a  few  dry  pages,  'as  it  came  from  Mr.  Ket- 
tell's  graceful  and  flowing  pen  !'  In  reply,  I  offer  the  following 
.etter,  to  which  I  invite  the  special  attention  of  the  reader,  inas 
much  as  it  not  only  refutes  this  audacious  pretence,  but  it  explains 
the  nature  of  my  connection  with  Mr.  Kettell,  the  reason  why  I 
employed  him,  and  the  nature  and  extent  of  the  services  he  ren- 

"New  York,  Feb.  3,  1856. 

To  THE  EDITOR  OF  THE  BOSTON  COURIER  : 

"Sir:— I  have  read  the  controversy  which  has  been  progressing 
for  some  weeks  in  your  journal,  as  to  the  alleged  claims  of  Mr. 
Kettell  to  the  authorship  of  several  works  which  have  appeared 
under  my  father's  name. 

"These  claims,  urged  after  Mr.  Kettell's  death,  and  by  a  person 
totally  irresponsible,  seem  hardly  to  merit  serious  consideration ; 
but  as  they  have  been  pressed  in  a  spirit  of  evident  hostility  and 
malice,  it  may  be  well  for  me  to  state  what  I  know  upon  the 

"  For  the  last  ten  years  I  have  been  familiar  with  my  father's 
literary  labours.  I  have  seen  the  greater  part  of  the  manuscripts 
sent  to  the  printing-office,  and  have  read  the  greater  part  of  the 
proofs  returned,  and  can  bear  witness  to  the  accuracy  of  the  state 
ments  made  in  this  connection,  in  my  father's  letter,  published  in 
the  New  York  Times  of  the  31st  December.  Having  suffered 
severely  from  weak  eyes  for  the  past  twenty-five  years,  he  has 
been  obliged  to  use  the  services  of  others  in  consulting  author 
ities,  and  sometimes  in  blocking  out  work  to  be  afterwards  syste 
matized  and  reduced  to  order  by  him.  In  this.  Mr.  Kettell  was 
his  principal  assistant.  He  wrote  always,  as  I  understood  it,  as 
an  assistant,  and  in  no  sense  as  an  author.  His  manuscripts  were 
never  finished  so  as  to  be  fit  for  the  pi-ess.  Their  .publication,  as 
they  were,  would  have  been  fatal  to  the  reputation  of  any  man  who 
should  have  taken  the  responsibility  of  them.  It  was  my  father's 
task,  after  having  planned  these  works,  to  read  and  remodel  the 
rough  drafts  of  Mr.  Kettell,  to  suit  them  to  his  own  views,  and  to 
prepare  them  for  the  public  eye.  This  was,  in  some  cases,  a  more 
serious  and  fatiguing  labor  than  it  would  have  been  to  write  the 
work  from  the  beginning.  I  may  add  that  at  one  period  Mr.  Ket- 
tell's  manuscripts  were  referred  to  me  for  examination,  and  that 
I  was  empowered  to  accept  or  reject  them.  Somewhat  later  I  had, 
for  a  time,  occasion  to  remodel,  adapt,  and  partly  to  re-write  such 
portions  as  were  accepted. 

"  I  have,  naturally,  no  wish  to  detract  from  the  merits  of  Mr. 
Kettell.  But  in  regard  to  the  History  of  All  Nations,  a  work 
attributed  by  '  Veritas'  to  the  '  graceful  and  flowing  pen  of  Mr. 
Kettell,'  I  must  state  that  five  persons  (Mr.  Kettell,  Rev.  Mr.  Rob- 
bins,  of  Berlin,  Conn.,  Rev.  Mr.  Jenks,  of  Boston,  myself,  and  my 
father)  were  engaged  upon  it;  the  heaviest  share— the  plan,  the 
fitting,  the  refining,  the  systematizing,  and  the  general  views — 
falling  upon  the  latter.  Perhaps  'Veritas'  will  pardon  me  if  I 
claim  for  myself  the  entire  authorship  of  seventy-five  pages,  so 
confidently  attributed  by  him  to  the  'graceful  and  flowing  pen 
of  Mr.  Kettell.' 

"•Take  notice,  Mr.  Editor,  that  I  append  my  real  name  to  this  com 
munication.  In  controversies  of  this  kind,  ivhere,  honor,  truth,  and 
the  maintenance  of  a  good  name  are  involved,  anonymous  corre 
spondence  is  held  by  the  community  to  argue  in  its  author  meanness, 
treachery,  and  cowardice.  I  think  Mr.  Kettell,  were  he  living, 
would  be  the  first  to  disavow  this  eager  service  in  his  behalf  by 
his  irresponsible  advocate.  1  am  yours,  respectfully, 

"  F.  B.  GOODRICH. 

"I  believe  I  may  now  leave  this  matter  to  the  judgment  of  the 
public,  with  a  few  brief  observations : 

"The  enormous  claims  in  behalf  of  Mr.  Kettell,  set  up  by  the 
Boston  Courier  and  its  anonymous  correspondent  '  Veritas,'  have 
been  disposed  of  as  follows : 

"1.  Mr.  Kettell  never  wrote  a  line  of  the  thirty-six  volumes  of 
Parley's  Tales  ;  never  a  line  of  the  ten  volumes  of  Parley's  Histori 
cal  Compends,  expressly  and  repeatedly  claimed  for  him;  and  of 
the  fifty  volumes  of  Parley's  Miscellanies  he  only  wrote  a  few 
sketches  in  half  a  dozen  of  them.  To  pretend,  therefore,  that  he 
is  the  'Veritable  Peter  Parley,'  is  as  gross  an  imposture  as  to  call 
him  the  '  Veritable  Author'  of  Pickwick,  or  Guy  Mannering,  or  the 
Spectator. 

"  2.  The  claim  for  Mr.  Kettell  of  the  authorship  of  Merry's  Mu 
seum— thirty  volumes— is  reduced  to  the  writing  of  about  two 
hundred  pages  of  indifferent  matter,  as  a  correspondent. 

"  3.  His  claim  to  the  authorship  of  the  History  of  Greece,  History 
of  the  United  States,  Parley's  Geography,  the  Primer  of  Geography, 
National  Geography,  Comprehensive  Geography  and  History, — posi 
tively  asserted  by  '  Veritas,' — is  shown  to  be  false  in  the  beginning, 
the  middle,  and  the  end. 

"  4.  The  audacious  claim  of  the  entire  authorship  of  the  History 
of  All  Nations  comes  to  this:  that  Mr.  Kettell  was  one  of  four  per 
sons  who  assisted  me  in  the  compilation  of  that  work. 

"  5.  It  appears,  inasmuch  as  my  eyes  were  weak  for  a  series  of 
twenty-five  years,  rendering  it  sometimes  impossible  for  me  to 
consult  books,  that  I  employed  Mr.  Kettell  to  block  out  several 
works,  according  to  plans  minutely  and  carefully  prescribed  by 
me;  and  that  the  materials  thus  furnished  were  reduced  to 
method,  style,  and  manner,  by  me,  so  as  to  suit  my  own  taste; 
and  that  the  works  were  published  as  thus  remodeled,  and  not 
as  they  were  written  by  him.  It  appears,  furthermore,  that  all 
this  was  done  with  Mr.  Kettell's  full  consent,  upon  written  and 
explicit  agreements,  and  that  he  never  did  plan,  devise,  contrive, 
or  finally  prepare,  any  book  published  under  my  name,  nor  was 
he,  nor  did  he  ever  claim  to  be,  the  author  of  any  book  thus  pub 
lished. 


GOO 


GOO 


«6.  It  is  material  to  state,  distinctly,  that  while  '  Veritas'  claims 
for  Mr.  Kettell  the  entire  authorship  of  over  one  hundred  and 
twenty  volumes  of  my  works,  he  (Mr.  Kettell)  never  assisted  me, 
in  any  way  or  in  any  degree,  in  more  than  twenty  volumes,  and 
these  only  in  the  manner  above  indicated ;  that  is,  in  blocking 
out  works,  mostly  historical,  under  my  direction,  and  to  be  finished 
by  me. 

"7. 1  do  not  mean  by  this  to  depreciate  Mr.  Kettell's  abilities; 
but,  inasmuch  as  these  audacious  claims  in  his  behalf  have  been 
pertinaciously  and  impudently  urged,  it  is  proper  for  me,  in  this 
formal  manner,  to  reduce  them  to  their  true  dimensions. 

"8.  While  I  thus  acknowledge  the  assistance  rendered  me  by 
Mr.  Kettell  in  my  historical  compilations,  it  is  proper  to  state  that 
I  had  the  aid  of  other  persons— some  of  them  of  higher  name  and 
fame  than  he.  Among  my  assistants  were  N.  Hawthorne,  E.  Sar 
gent,  J.  0.  Sargent,  S.  P.  Holbrook,  Esqs.,  Rev.  Royal  Robbins,  Rev. 
E.  G.  Smith,  Rev.  W.  S.  Jenks,  and  others.  The  claims  of  '  Veri 
tas,'  if  admitted,  would  not  only  rob  me  of  the  authorship  of  a 
hundred  volumes,  which  I  wrote,  but  would  transfer  to  Mr.  Ket 
tell  about  twenty  volumes,  to  which  several  other  authors  contri 
buted  with  greater  ability  than  he. 

"9.  I  think  it  may  be  safely  assumed  that  in  the  history  of  lite 
rature  there  is  not  a  more  impudent  attempt  at  imposture  than 
this,  which  originated  in  the  Boston  Courier.  It  is  easy  to  com 
prehend  why  the  author  has  not  dared  to  give  his  name  to  the 
public  but  has  continued  to  make  his  attacks  behind  the  mask 
of  an  anonymous  title.  That  I  deem  myself  called  upon  to  notice 
him  arises  from  the  fact  that  he  derived  a  certain  color  of  author 
ity  from  the  Editor  of  the  Courier,  and  from  publishing  papers  and 
documents  belonging  to  Mr.  Kettell's  heirs — though  these  con 
tributed  in  no  degree  either  to  refute  the  statement  here  made  or 
to  substantiate  any  portion  of  the  claims  here  referred  to. 

"  10.  Literary  history  is  full  of  instances  in  which  littleness, 
allied  to  malignity,  has  signalized  itself  by  seeking  to  deprive 
authors  of  their  just  claims;  and,  while  thus  doing  wrong  to  their 
literary  labors,  attempting  also  to  degrade  them  in  the  eyes  of 
the  world  as  guilty  of  appropriating  to  themselves  honors  which 
do  not  belong  to  them.  It  is  also  a  vice  of  base  minds  to  believe 
imputations  of  this  sort  without  evidence,  or  even  against  evi 
dence,  when  once  they  have  been  suggested.  I  do  not  think  it 
best,  therefore,  to  leave  my  name  to  be  thus  dealt  with  by  future 
pretenders,  who  may  desire  to  emulate  this  Boston  adventurer. 

SPURIOUS  PARLEY  BOOKS. 

AMERICAN   COUNTERFEITS  AND  IMPOSITIONS. 

"In  the  United  States  the  name  of  Parley  has  been  applied  to 
several  works  of  which  I  am  not  the  author,  though  for  the  most 
part  from  mistake  and  not  from  fraudulent  designs.  The  follow 
ing  are  among  the  number  : 

Date  of       No. 
publication,  vole. 

Parley's  Washington.    18mo 1832...  1 

Parley's  Columbus.  do 1832...  1 

Parley's  Franklin.  do 1832...  1 

[The  name  of  Parley  is  not  in  the  title-page  of  any 
of  these  works,  but  is  put  upon  the  back,  and  they 
are  sold  as  Parley  books,  but  without  authority, 
though  at  the  outset,  as  I  believe,  with  no  im 
proper  design.] 

Parley's  Miscellanies.     18mo ...  1 

Parley's  Consul's  Daughter,  and  other  Tales.    18mo ...  1 

Parley's  Tales  of  Humor.    '  18mo.... ...  1 

Parley's  Tales  of  Terror.         do .-. ...  1 

Parley's  Tales  for  the  Times,   do ...  1 

Parley's  Tales  of  Adventure,  do ...  1 

[The  publication  of  this  series,  under  the  name  of 
Parley,  is,  I  believe,  abandoned,  as  I  remonstrated 
with  the  publishers  against  it,  as  a  fraud  upon  the 
public.] 

Parley's  Picture-Books— 12  kinds ...12 

[These  I  have  not  seen :  they  are,  however,  imposi 
tions.] 

The  Rose,  by  Peter  Parley ...  1 

The  Bud,  by  Peter  Parley ...  1 

The  Mines  of  different  Countries,  by  Peter  Parley ...  1 

The  Garden,  by  Peter  Parley — L....  1 

The  Gift,  by  Peter  Parley ...  1 

The  Flower-Basket,  by  Peter  Parley ...  1 

Fairy  Tales,  by  Peter  Parley ...  1 

[The  preceding  seven  volumes  I  have  not  seen,  but 
I  find  them  in  some  of  the  American  catalogues. 
They  are  all  spurious.] 

Parley's  Book  of  Books.    Square  16mo ...  1 

[This  book,  I  believe,  consists  of  extracts  from  Par 
ley's  Magazine.    Its  publication  in  this  form,  so 
far  as  it  may  convey  the  idea  that  it  is  written  by 
me,  is  deceptive.] 
Parley's   Pictorial — A  book  for  Home  Education   and 

Family  Entertainment.     8vo ...  1 

Parley's  Household  Library.    8vo ...  1 

[These  two  works  are  from  old  altered  plates  of  Par 
ley's  Magazine,  and  are  designed  to  deceive  the 
public  by  making  it  believe  that  they  are  origi 
nal  works,  and  by  the  author  of  Parley's  Tales. 
They  are  a  gross  and  shameful  imposition.] 

ENGLISH  COUNTERFEITS  AND  IMPOSITIONS. 

[The  London  publishers  and  authors  have  made  a 
large  business  of  preparing  and  publishing  Parley 
books.  Some  of  these  are  republications,  without 
change,  from  the  genuine  American  editions,  to 
which  I  make  no  objection ;  some  are  the  genuine 
works,  more  or  less  altered ;  and  many  others  are 
counterfeits,  every  means  being  used  to  pass  them 
off  upon  the  public  as  by  the  original  author  of 


Parley's  Tales.  Among  the  most  notorious  of  these 
are  the  following : 

Date  of       No. 
publication.  Toll. 

Peter  Parley's  Annual.    A  Christmas  and  New  Year's 

Present.    Published  by  Darton  &•  Go 1841...14 

[This   is  a  large    16mo,   with  colored  engravings, 
and  has  been  continued  from  1841  to  1855 — 14 
volumes.] 
Peter  Parley's  Royal  Victoria  Game  of  the  Kings  and 

Queens  of  England.    18mo.    Darton  <&  Co 1834...  1 

Parley's  Book  of  Gymnastics.    Sq.  16mo.    Darton  &  Co.  1840...  1 
Parley's  Parting  Gift.  do.  do.  1846...   I 

Parley's  Book  of  Industry.  do.  do.  1855...  1 

Parley's  Book  of  Poetry.  do.  do.  1843...  1 

Parley's  Ireland.  do.  do.  1843...  1 

Parley's  Wonders  of  Earth,  Sea,  and  Sky. 

Square  16mo.  do.  1853...  1 

Parley's  Odds  and  Ends.    Square  16mo.  do.  1840...  1 

Parley's  Peeps  at  Paria  do.  do.  1848...  1 

Parley's  Prize  Book.  do.  do.  1848...  1 

Parley's  School  Atlas.  do.  do.  1842...  1 

Parley's  Canada.  do.  do.  1839...  1 

Parley's  China  and  the  Chinese,  do.  do.  1844...  1 

Parley's  Child's  Own  Atlas.    Square.  ,      do.  1853...  1 

Parley's  Life  and  Journey  of  St.  Paul.    Square  16mo. 

Simpkins 1845...  1 

Peter  Parley's  Lives  of  the  Twelve  Apostles.    Sq.  16mo. 

Bogue 1844...  1 

Peter  Parley's  Visit  to  London  during  the  Coronation. 

Sq.  16rno.     Bogue 1838...  1 

Peter  Parley's  Tales  of  England.  Scotland,  and  Ireland. 

Sq.l6mo.     Tegg 1842...  1 

Peter  Parley's  Mythology  of  Greece  and  Rome.    Sq.  16mo. 

Tegg 1841...  1 

Peter  Parley's  Tales  of  Greece,  Ancient  and  Modern. 

Square  16mo.     Tegg 1842...  1 

Peter  Parley's  Tales  of  Ancient  Rome  and  Modern  Italy. 

Sq.  16mo.     Tegg 1840...  1 

Peter  Parley's  Tales  about  Christmas.    Sq.  16mo.     7^.1839...! 
Peter  Parley's  Shipwrecks.  dp.  do.    1846...  1 

Parley's  Plants.  do.  do.    1839...  1 

Parley's  Modern  Geography  do.  do.    1837...  1 

Parley's  Bible  Geography.    Sq.  16mo.    J.  S.  Hodson 1839...  1 

Parley's  Child's  First  Step.    Sq.  16mo.    Clements 1839...  1 

[There  are  still  other  counterfeits  of  Parley's  works, 
issued  by  various  parties  in  London.  The  utter 
disregard  of  truth,  honor,  and  decency,  on  the 
part  of  respectable  British  authors  and  publishers 
in  this  wholesale  system  of  imposition  and  injustice, 
is  all  the  more  remarkable  when  we  consider  that 
the  British  public,  and  especially  the  British 
authors  and  booksellers,  are  denouncing  us  in 
America  as  pirates,  for  refusing  international  copy 
right. 

The  conduct  of  all  these  parties  places  them,  morally, 
on  a  footing  with  other  counterfeiters  and  forgers: 
public  opinion,  in  the  United  States,  would  con 
sign  persons  conducting  in  this  manner  to  the 
same  degree  of  reprobation.  Can  it  be  that,  in 
England,  a  man  who  utters  a  counterfeit  five- 
pound  note  is  sent  to  Newgate,  while  another  may 
issue  thousands  of  counterfeit  volumes  and  not 
destroy  his  reputation?"] 

The  above  list  certainly  presents  a  tolerable  proof  that 
Mr.  Goodrich  has  been  no  idler  in  the  Republic  of  Letters. 
And  his  works  are  not  among  those  which  clog  the  book 
seller's  shelves  and  excite  his  periodical  indignation  on 
the  annual  review  of  his  stock  in  trade.  They  may  be 
emphatically  called  "  Live  Stock," — for  of  some  of  them 
more  than  fifty  thousand  copies  are  circulated  every  year, 
and  of  all  of  them,  as  before  stated,  the  aggregate  sale 
amounts  to  about  three  hundred  thousand  volumes  annu 
ally  : — in  all  about  seven  millions  of  volumes  have  been 
sold  !  And  here  we  must  remark  that  it  would  be  a  great 
error  to  suppose  that  PETER  PARLEY  confines  his  energies 
to  his  personal  aggrandizement  only: 

"  Mr.  Goodrich  has  been  a  liberal  patron  of  American  authors  and 
artists ;  and  it  is  questionable  whether  any  other  person  has  done 
as  much  to  improve  the  style  of  the  book  manufacture,  or  to  pro 
mote  the  arts  of  engraving.  It  is  believed  that  he  has  put  in  circula 
tion  more  than  two  [seven]  millions  of  volumes  of  his  own  produc 
tions;  all  of  which  inculcate  pure  morality  and  cheerful  views  of 
life.  His  style  is  simple  and  unaffected ;  the  flow  of  his  verse  me 
lodious  ;  and  his  subjects  generally  such  as  he  is  capable  of  treat 
ing  most  successfully." — Griswold's  Potts  and  Pwtry  of  America. 
Can  an  author  desire  higher  commendation  than  that 
which  follows  ? 

"  For  twenty  years  he  has  preserved  the  confidence  of  parents 
and  teachers  of  every  variety  of  condition  and  opinion,  by  an  in 
defectible  morality  and  strong  practical  sense,  which  are  univer 
sally  understood  and  approved."— International  Magazine,  ii.  154. 
"  Mr.  Parley  has  too  much  reputation  as  a  popular  instructor 
of  the  young,  to  need  any  very  urgent  recommendation  on  our 
part."— ion.  Monthly  Repository. 

"  The  honoured  name  of  Peter  Parley  (S.  G.  Goodrich)  when  pro 
nounced  calls  to  mind  many  of  the  pleasantest  incidents  of  our 
youth.  For  more  than  twenty  years  his  delightful  compositions 
have  instructed  and  edified  children  in  both  hemispheres;  and  it 
is  to  be  regretted  that  unprincipled  usurpers  have  invaded  the 
field  of  his  well-earned  fame,  even  under  his  own  banner." — 
Trubner's  Bibliographical  Guide  to  Amer.  Lit. 

Goodrich,  Simon.     Clocks ;  Nic.  Jour.  1799. 


GOO 


GOO 


Goodrich,  Thomas,  d.  1554,  Bishop  of  Ely,  1534, 
aided  in  the  revision  of  the  trans,  of  the  New  Testament, 
1540,  in  the  compilation  of  the  Common  Prayer  Book  of 
1548,  and  in  The  Institution  of  a  Christian  Man;  or,  the 
Bishop's  Book.  See  Burnet's  Reformation :  Strype's 
Cranmer ;  Strype's  Parker  ;  Master's  Hist,  of  C.  C.  C.,  C.j 
Bentham's  Hist,  of  Ely. 

Goodrick,  John,  Bishop  of  Norwich.     A  thanks- 

fiving  Serrn.  for  Victory  over  the  Rebels,  on  Ps.  xlvi. 
0,  11,  1685,  4to. 

Goodricke,  Henry.  1.  Observ.  on  Dr.  Price's  Civil 
Liberty,  Ac.,  Lon.,  1776,  8vo.  2.  A  Speech,  1779,  8vo. 

Goodricke,  John.  Astronom.  con.  to  Phil.  Trans., 
1783,  '85,  '86. 

Goodridge,  John.  The  Phoenix;  or,  Reasons  for 
believing  that  the  Comet  is  the  real  Phoenix  of  the  An 
cients,  Lon.,  1781,  8vo. 

Goodsir,  John.     Con.  to  Annals  of  Med.,  1801,  '02. 

Goodwin.     Transubstantiation,  Lon.,  1688,  fol. 

Goodwin,  Christopher.     See  GOODWYN. 

Goodwin,  E.  S.,  of  Sandwich,  Mass.,  d.  1833,  aged 
46.  Serms. 

Goodwin,  Francis,  an  eminent  architect,  d.  1835. 
Domestic  Architecture.  New  ed.,  Lon.,  1835,  r.  4to;  96 
plates.  New  ed.,  including  the  supplement,  1850,  2  vols. 
4to.  This  eminent  architect  designed  many  of  the  hand 
some  buildings  which  arrest  the  eye  of  the  traveller  in  the 
midland  counties  of  England,  and  in  parts  of  Ireland. 
Lissadell  Court  is  one  of  his  works,  and  in  the  vols.  noticed 
above  will  be  found  the  details  connected  with  the  erection 
of  this  pile.  Perhaps  the  Manchester  Town-Hall  is  his 
chef-d'ceuvre.  At  the  time  of  his  death  he  was  preparing 
plans  for  the  erection  of  the  new  Houses  of  Parliament. 
His  intense  application  to  this  duty  brought  on  a  fit  of 
apoplexy,  which  proved  fatal. 

Goodwin,  George.  Melissa  Religionis  Pontificae 
ejusdemque  apostrope  X.  Elegiis,  Lon.,  1620,  4to.  The 
same  in  English,  by  John  Vicars,  Lon.,  1624,  4to. 

Goodwin,  Harvey,  late  Fellow  and  Mathemat  Lec 
turer  of  Gonville  and  Caius  College.  1.  Elementary  Course 
of  Mathematics ;  5th  ed.,  1857,  8vo.  2.  Problems  to  above, 
1847,  8vo.  3.  Parish  Serms.,  1847,  12mo.  4.  Second 
Series  of  do.,  1851,  12mo.  5.  Four  Serms.,  1853,  12mo. 

6.  Short  Serms.  at  Celeb,  of  Lord's  Supper,  1853,  12mo. 

7.  Comment,  on  the  Gospel  of  St.  Matthew,  1857,  p.  8vo. 
Goodwin,  Isaac.     1.  The  Town  Officer;  or,  Laws  of 

Mass.  rel.  to  the  Duties  of  Municipal  Officers,  Ac.,  Wor 
cester,  1825,  12  mo. 

"  Mr.  Goodwin  has  adopted  the  plan  of  Dickinson's  Town  Officer, 
or  rather,  we  should  say.  the  plan  of  every  author  of  Digests  and 
Abridgments,  from  Brooke  to  Bigelow,  aud  has  done  his  work 
more  thoroughly  than  any  of  his  predecessors." — 4  U.  S.  Lit. 
Go*.,  31. 

2.  The  New  England  Sheriff,  Worcester,  1830,  8vo. 
"  To  every  Sheriff,  Coroner  and  Constable,  it  will  be  an  indis 
pensable  manual." — 5  Amer.  Jur,,  208. 

Goodwin,  John,  1593-1665,  an  independent  divine, 
was  a  zealous  republican,  and  promoted  the  condemnation 
of  Charles  L,  and  afterwards  endeavoured  to  justify  his 
course  by  writing  a  pamphlet  called  The  Obstructors  of 
Justice,  1649,  4to.  This,  together  with  Milton's  Eicono- 
clastes,  and  Defensio  pro  Populo  Anglicano,  were,  on  the 
Restoration,  burnt  by  the  common  hangman,  Aug.  27, 
1660.  He  was  educated  at  Queen's  Coll.,  Camb. ;  pre 
sented  to  the  living  of  St.  Stephen's,  Coleman  Street, 
London,  1633 ;  dismissed  for  refusing  to  baptize  the  chil 
dren  of  his  parishioners  promiscuously,  and  to  administer 
the  Lord's  Supper  to  bis  whole  parish.  He  became 
warm  Arminian,  and  was  a  zealous  supporter  of  his 
opinions.  He  pub.  a  number  of  theolog.  and  political 
works,  of  which  the  following  are  the  best  known.  1 
Treatise  of  Justification.  Lon..  1642,  fol.  New  ed.,  by 
Wesley,  12mo. 


"  John  Goodwin,  not  yet  turned  Arminian,  preached  and  wrote 
with  great  diligence  about  justification,  against  the  rigid  sense 
of  imputation;  who  being  answered  by  Mr.  Walker  and  Mr 
Roborough,  with  far  inferior  strength,  his  book  had  the  greater 
success  for  such  answerers." — BAXTER. 

2.  The  Divine  Authority  of  Scripture  Asserted,  1648,  4to, 
"  Pessessed  of  very  considerable  merit.     It  contains  more  origi 

nality  and  ingenious  biblical  interpretation  than  most  books  of 
the  period  known  to  me;  and  throughout  it  breathes  a  spirit  of 
the  purest  piety  towards  God,  and  of  good  will  towards  men."— 
O>-me's  Bibl.  Bib. 

"  It  has  ever  been  considered  a  masterpiece  of  polemical  theo 
logy."—  Lowndes's  Brit.  Lib. 

"  A  work  of  great  value ;  full  of  sound  theology  and  origina 
views  of  the  Bible." — Lon.  Chris.  Instructor. 

3.  Right  and  Might  well  met :  or  a  briefe  and  impartial 

704 


Enquiry  into  the  Proceedings  of  the  Army  under  Lord 
Fairfax,  Ac.,  1648,  4to. 

"This  was  considered,  at  the  time  of  its  publication,  one  of  the 
most  powerful  and  successful  pamphlets,  written  on  religious 
principles,  in  favour  of  the  Republican  army." — Lowndes's  Bibl. 
Man. 

4.  Redemption  Redeemed,  1651,  fol.  New  ed.,  1840,  8vo. 
"  The  ablest  defence  of  general  redemption  that  ever  appeared 

in  an  English  dress,  and  may  be  fairly  considered  as  exhibiting 
the  strength  of  that  cause."— Dr.  E.  Williams's  C.  P. 

'•  Though  assailed  by  Twisse  and  others,  Goodwin's  work  has 
never  been  successfully  refuted." 

"  Redemption  Redeemed  is  perhaps  as  powerful  a  plea  for  Ar 
minian  views  as  has  been  published.  If  you  read  it,  read  also 
Kendall's  and  Owen's  able  Replies." — BICKERSTETH. 

Thos.  Lamb  and  Richard  Resbury  were  also  among  the 
answerers  to  this  work. 

5.  An  Exposition  of  the  Ninth  Chap,  of  the  Epist.  of 
St.  Paul  to  the  Romans.    New  ed.,  with  a  Pref.  by  Thomas 
Jackson,  1835,  8vo. 

"  An  able  and  earnest  defence  of  the  important  tenet  of  justifica 
tion  by  faith."— Dr.  E.  Williams's  C.  P. 

"The  public  owes  some  gratitude  to  Mr.  Jackson  (the  eminent 
Wesleyan)  for  the  publication,  in  so  very  handsome  a  form,  of  this 
standard  work  of  Goodwin's,  in  which  the  Arminian  doctrine  is 
most  ably  advocated.  Goodwin's  ironical  preface  to  the  Lord- 
Mayor  and  Aldermen,  as  a  theological  council,  is  first-rate  in  its 
way." — British  Magazine. 

6.  Christian  Theology,  selected  and  systematically  ar 
ranged  from  his  Writings,  with    Life,  by  Saml.  Dunn, 
1836.     7.  Life  by  Jackson,  8vo. 

"  An  able  defence  of  this  celebrated  Arminian."— BickersteWs 
Chris.  Stu. 

"  Contains  many  curious  particulars  about  the  author  and  his 
times.''—  Orme's  Bibl.  Bib. 

Goodwin's  violence  as  a  politician  has  prejudiced  many 
against  him,  not  without  cause,  we  think;  but  as  a  theo 
logian  few  have  been  more  highly  commended. 

"  A  person  whom  his  worth,  pains,  diligence,  and  opinions,  and 
the  contests  wherein  on  their  account  he  hath  publicly  engaged, 
have  delivered  him  from  being  the  object  of  any  ordinary  thoughts 
r  expressions.     Nothing  not  great,  not  considerable,  not  some 
•ay  eminent,  is  by  any  spoken  of  him,  either  consenting  with 
him,  or  dissenting  from  him." — DR.  OWJSN. 

"  He  had  a  clear  head,  a  fluent  tongue,  a  penetrating  spirit,  and 
marvellous  faculty  in  descanting  on  Scripture."  — DR.  CALAMY. 
'•  His  great  learning,  good  sense,  and  extraordinary  style  for 
that  day,  render  his  works  worth  reading." — JOHN  ORTON. 

He  possessed  no  ordiuary  portion  of  strength  and  originality 
of  mind,  a  large  measure  of  disinterested  zeal,  and  a  capacity  for 
usefulness  which  was  exceeded  by  few  of  his  contemporaries."— 
ORME. 

See  Neal's  Puritans;  Calamy;  Barton's  Remains,  p.  122. 
Goodwin,  John,  Rector  of  Clapham,  Surrey.    Serm. 
on  Prov.  xix.  2,  1738,  4to. 

Goodwin,  Nath.     Serms.,  1705,  Ac.,  4to. 
Goodwin,  P.  A.      Memoirs   of   Andrew   Jackson, 
Hartford,  12mo. 

Goodwin,  Peter.     Serms.,  1732,  '37,  '40,  8vo. 
Goodwin,  Philip,  d.  1699  ?  Vicar  of  Watford,  pub. 
a  work  on  the  Lord's  Supper,  one  on  Dreams,  and  other 
treatises,  1649-58. 

Goodwin,  Simon.  The  Messiah ;  a  Poem,  Lon., 
1772,  4to. 

Goodwin,  T.  The  Loyal  Shepherd,  or  the  Rustic 
Heroine;  a  Dram.  Past.  Poem.,  Lon.,  1779,  8vo. 

Goodwin,  Thomas,  D.D.,  1600-1697,  a  high-Cal- 
vinist  Independent  divine,  a  native  of  Rolesby,  Norfolk, 
was  educated  at  Christ  Church  and  Catherine  Hall,  (of 
which  he  became  Fellow,)  Camb. ;  Lecturer  of  Trinity 
Church,  Camb.,  1628;  Vicar,  1632;  relinquished  his  pre 
ferments,  1634,  and  became  pastor  of  an  Independent 
congregation  at  Arnheim,  Holland ;  returned  to  London, 
and  became  a  member  of  the  Assembly  of  Divines  ;  Pre 
sident  of  Magdalen  Coll.,  Oxf.,  1649;  ejected  at  the 
Restoration;  preached  in  London  until  his  death  in  1697. 
After  his  death  a  number  of  his  works — valuable  theolo 
gical  treatises — were  pub.  in  5  vols.  fol.,  1681,  '83,  '92, 
'97,  1704,  but  some  pub.  in  his  lifetime  (1647,  4to)  were 
not  included, — viz. :  Certain  Select  Cases  Resolved  ;  A 
Child  of  Light  walking  in  Darkness;  The  Returne  of 


Prayers;  The  Tryall  of  a  Christian's  Growth,  Ac.;  Ag 
gravation  of  Sinne,  Ac. ;  Vanitie  of  Thoughts  ;  Christ  set 
Forth;  The  Heart  of  Christ;  Encouragements  to  Faith; 
and  also— in  the  collective  ed.  of  his  works— Christ  the 
Universal  Peace-Maker.  Some  other  treatises  and  sepa 
rate  series  were  also  pub.  before  his  death.  See  Bibl. 
Brit. ;  Lowndes's  Bibl.  Man. ;  Darling's  Cyc.  Bibl.,  and 
authorities  below. 

"  Goodwin's  pieces  published  in  hislifetime  are  the  most  valuable. 
.  .  .  Many  accurate  and  valuable  remarks  on  Scripture.  The  Child 
of  Light  walking  in  Darkness  is  very  useful  for  afflicted  con 
sciences."  See  Dr.  E.  Williams's  C.  P. 


GOO 


GOR 


Bickersteth  styles  Goodwin's  Exposition  of  the  1st  and 
part  of  the  2d  chapter  of  Ephesians 

"  A  remarkable  display  of  the  riches  of  the  Scriptures,  and  full 
of  evangelical  matter." — Christian  Student. 

"  His  Works,  besides  many  discourses,  include  an  exposition  of 
part  of  the  Epistle  to  the  Ephesians,  part  of  the  book  of  Revela 
tion,  and  some  other  portions  of  Scripture ;  but,  from  their  extent 
and  prolixity,  they  are  not  likely  to  be  much  consulted.  Dr. 
Goodwin  was  a  learned  man,  said  to  be  rather  high  in  his  Calvin- 
istic  sentiments,  (though  I  have  not  observed  much  of  this,)  but 
excelled  in  expounding  the  Scriptures.  He  delighted  to  search 
into  abstruse  and  difficult  texts.  The  least  particle  of  speech  came 
under  his  notice,  and  in  numerous  instances  he  has  made  it  ap 
pear  how  much  depends  upon  the  connecting  particles  in  Scrip 
ture,  which  are  generally  overlooked." — Orme's  Bill.  Bib. 

"Dr. Goodwin,  with  sentiments  truly  evangelical,  and  a  most 
happy  talent  at  opening,  sifting,  and  displaying  the  hidden  riches 
of  Scripture."— HERVET. 

Anthony  a  Wood  considered  Owen  and  Goodwin  the 
two  Atlases  and  Patriarchs  of  Independency. 

"  Dr.  Goodwin's  Works  are  numerous,  and,  in  point  of  sentiment, 
valuable.  ...  He  was  a  good  scholar,  and  an  eminent  divine  and 
textuary.  His  style  is  involved  and  obscure." — Dr.  E.  Williams's 
C.P.  ' 

"  A  Puritan  Divine  of  very  superior  powers,  whose  writings  cast 
much  light  on  the  Scriptures  on  which  he  treats.  He  enters  very 
fully  into  the  peculiar  mode  of  expression  in  the  sacred  writings, 
is  very  evangelical,  and  full  of  useful  matter." — Bickersteth's  C.  S. 

Goodwin's  treatises — original  edits. — had  become  very 
scarce  and  dear ;  hut  the  new  edits.,  1840-51,  pub.  by 
Mr.  Shaw,  Seeleys,  and  the  London  Religious  Tract  So 
ciety,  have  reduced  the  value  of  the  former.  See  Athen. 
Oxon. ;  Calamy  ;  Neal's  Puritans. 

Goodwin,  Thomas,  son  of  the  preceding,  and 
pastor  of  a  Dissenting  congregation  at  Pinner,  Middlesex. 
A  Discourse  of  the  True  Nature  of  the  Gospel.  In  an 
swer  to  the  Eev.  Mr.  Thos.  Lorimer's  Apology,  Lon., 
1695,.  4to. 

Goodwin,  Thomas.  Hist,  of  the  Reign  of  Henry 
V.,  King  of  England,  Ac.,  Lon.,  1704,  fol. 

"  Compiled  from  good  authorities."  See  Bp.  Nicolson's  Eng. 
Hist.  Lib. 

Goodwin,  or  Goodwyn,  Thomas,  surgeon.  Hamp- 
stead  Waters  and  Bathing,  Lon.,  1804,  12mo. 

Goodwin,  Wm.     Serm.  Oxon.,  1614,  4to. 

Goodwyn,  or  Goodwin,  Christopher.  1.  The 
Chauce  of  the  Dolorous  Louer,  Lon.,  1520,  4to. 

"  Mr.  Heber's  richly-furnished  library  may  boast  of  a  copy  of  it." 
J)ibdiri's  Lib.  Oomp. 

"A  lamentable  story  without  pathos." — Warton's  Hist,  of  Eng. 
Poet. 

But  not  without  passion  :  for  thus  the  "  Dolorous  Louer" 
apostrophizes  his  Ladie  Faire  : 

"  0  rubycunde  ruby  and  perle  most  argent, 
0  gyloffer  gentyll  and  swete  flowre  delyce, 
0  daynte  dyamounde  and  moost  resplendent, 
0  doulcet  blossome  of  a  full  grete  pryce." 

Could  the  lady  resist  an  appeal  so  impassioned  ? 

2.  The  Mayden's  Dreme,  compyled  and  made,  1542, 
sine  anno,  4to. 

"  A  vision  without  imagination." — WARTON  :  ubi  supra. 

Goodwyn,  Edmund,  M.D.  Med.  treatise,  1786> 
'88,  8vo. 

Goodwyn,  H.     Interest  Table;  Nic.  Jour.,  1801. 

Goodwyn,  John.     Gauging,  Lon.,  1594,  16mo. 

Goodwyn,  Thomas.     See  GOODWIN. 

Goodyear,  Aaron.  Serpent's  Bite,  Phil.  Trans.,1698. 

Goodyeare,  Wm.,  merchant.  Trans,  of  John  Car- 
themy's  Wandering  Knight,  Lon.,  1584;  again,  sine  anno, 
4to.  We  have  already  noticed  this  allegorical  work  ;  see 
BUNYAN,  JOHN;  Lon.  Retrosp.  Rev.,  i.  250,  1820. 

Googe,  Barnaby,  b.  1538  ?  a  poet  and  translator, 
of  whom  but  little  is  known,  was  educated  at  Christ's 
Coll.,  Cambridge,  whence  he  removed  to  Staples  Inn.  See 
authorities  cited  below.  1.  Trans,  of  the  Firste  Three 
Bokes  of  Palingenius's  Zodiake  of  Lyfe,  Lon.,  1560.  The 
trans,  of  the  Firste  Syxe  Bokes  was  pub.  in  1561,  12mo. 
The  whole  in  1565,  16mo,  8vo,  and  4to;  1588,  4to.  These 
edits,  are  rare;  Bibl.  Anglo-Poet.,  edit,  of  1561,  £5  5s.; 
of  1565,  £9  9s.;  of  1588,  £6  6s. 

"Googe's  Zodiac  of  Palingenius  was  a  favourite  performance, 
and  is  constantly  classed  with  the  poetical  translations  of  the 
period  by  cotemporary  critics.  The  work  itself  was  written  by 
G.  A.  Manzolius,  and  contains  sarcasms  against  the  Pope,  the  Car 
dinals,  and  the  Church  of  Rome." — ELLIS. 

But  see  Warton's  Hist,  of  Eng.  Poet. 

"  This  poem  is  a  general  satire  on  life,  yet  without  peevishness 
or  malevolence;  and  with  more  of  the  solemnity  of  the  censor 
than  the  petulance  of  the  satirist."— WARTON  :  ubi  supra. 

"  Copious  extracts  from  this  wretchedly  dull  book  are  given  in 
Cens.  Lit. ;— but  why  are  they  given  ?"— Dibdin's  Lib.  Comp. 

2.  Eglogs,  Epitaphes,  and  Sonnettes,  1563,  8vo ;  1570, 4to. 

"  Mr.  Steevens,  of  which  library  this  book  formed  No.  876,  (sold 
for  £10  15s.  6d.,)  said  there  was  no  scarcer  book  in  the  English 
language  than  this.  It  now  belongs  to  Mr.  Heber." — Cens.  Lit. 


There  is  another  copy  in  the  Library  of  Trin.  Coll., 
Camb.  3.  Trans,  of  T.  Naogeovgius's  Popish  Kingdom, 
1570,  4to.  4.  Trans,  of  Foure  Bookes  of  Husbandrie  from 
Heresbachius,  enlarged,  1577,  '86,  4to.  By  Gervase  Mark- 
ham,  with  Notes  and  Illustrations,  1614,  4to.  See  Donald 
son's  Agricult.  Biog.  5.  Trans,  of  The  Proverbes  of  Sir 
James  Lopes  de  Mendoza,  1579,  16mo.  Googe  also  pub. 
trans,  of  Aristotle's  Categories  and  Virgil's  Georgics.  See 
FLEMING,  ABRAHAM;  GOOCH,  BERNARD,  in  this  vol.;  and 
the  following  works,  in  addit.  to  those  cited  above:  Tuber- 
ville's  Sonnets;  Tanner;  Brydges's  Phillips's  Theat.  Poet.; 
Churton's  Life  of  Nowel;  Strype's  Parker;  Restituta : 
Ellis's  Specimens. 

Gookin,  Daniel,  d.  1687,  aged  75,  a  native  of  Kent, 
England,  emigrated  to  Virginia,  1621;  settled  in  Cam 
bridge,  Mass.,  1644;  visited  England,  1656;  Major-Gene 
ral  of  Mass.,  1681-86.  He  was  Superintendent  of  the 
Indians  who  had  submitted  to  the  governor  of  Massa 
chusetts,  from  1656  until  his  death,  and  zealously  co-ope 
rated  with  Eliot  in  his  efforts  for  their  spiritual  instruc 
tion.  Historical  Collections  of  the  Indians  in  New  Eng 
land.  This  was  written  in  1674,  and  remained  in  MS. 
until  1792,  when  it  was  pub.  by  the  Mass.  Hist.  Soc.  He 
also  wrote  history  of  N.  England.  See  Mass.  Hist.  Coll., 
i.  226,  228 ;  vii.  23 ;  Holmes's  Hist,  of  Camb. ;  Hutchin- 
son;  Mather's  Magnalia;  Johnson's  Wond.-Work.  Prov., 
109,  192  ;  Stith,  205 ;  Allen's  Amer.  Biog.  Diet, 

Gookin,  Nathaniel,  d.  1734,  aged  46,  grandson  of 
the  preceding,  and  minister  of  Hampton,  N.  H.,  graduated 
at  Harvard  Coll.,  1703 ;  succeeded  Jojbn  Cotton,  1710.  He 
pub.  three  serms.  occasioned  by  the  earthquake  in  Oct. 
1727,  to  which  is  added  an  account  of  the  earthquake,  Ac. 
See  Mass.  Hist.  Coll.,  vii.  55 ;  Allen's  Amer.  Biog.  Diet. 

Gookin,  Vincent.  Transplanting  the  Irish  into  Con- 
naught,  Ac. ;  in  answer  to  Rich.  Laurence,  Lon.,  1695,  4to. 

Goold,  Rev.  Wm.  H.     See  OWEN,  JOHN,  D.D. 

Goolden,  Samuel.    Gangrene;  Ed.  Med.  Ess.,  1734. 

Gordon,  a  layman.     Serm.,  1733,  8vo. 

Gordon.  1.  Comedies  of  Terence  in  Eng.  Verse,  Lon., 
1752,  12mo.  2.  Powers  of  Ecclesiastics,  1776,  8vo. 

Gordon  of  Loch  invar.  Encouragements  for  such  as 
shall  have  Intention  to  bee  Undertakers  in  the  new  Planta 
tion  of  Cape  Briton,  now  New  Galloway,  in  America,  by 
mee,  Lochinvar,  Edin.,  1620,  4to;  Gordounston,  1073,  £3. 

Gordon,  Lt.-  Col.  To  the  Volunteer  Corps,Lon.,1805. 

Gordon,  Abraham.  Con.  to  Med.  Obs.  and  Inq.. 
1755. 

Gordon,  Sir  Adam,  Rector  of  West  Tilbury,  Essex, 
Preb.  of  Bristol.  His  best-known  works  are — 1.  Serms., 
Lon.,  1790,  2  vols.  2.  Discourses,  Ac. ;  the  substance  of 
the  Homilies  in  a  modern  style,  1795,  2  vols.  8vo ;  1817, 

2  vols.  8vo. 

"  Very  necessary  for  every  clergyman  to  possess,  who  wishes 
properly  to  discharge  his  pastoral  duties." — Bp.  TOMLINE. 

But  see  Bickersteth's  Chris.  Stu.,  4th  ed.,  p.  325. 

3.  Serms.,  1796,  8vo.  4.  Fifty-two  Lectures  on  the 
Catechism  of  the  Ch.  of  Eng.'  with  three  Discourses,  1817, 

3  vols.  8vo.     He  pub.  a  number  of  occasional  serms :  see 
Bibl.  Brit. 

Gordon,  Alexander.  Tyrocinium  Linguae  Latinse, 
Lon.,  1664,  8vo. 

Gordon,  Alexander.  Theatre  of  the  Scottish  Kings, 
1709,  4to. 

Gordon,  Alexander,  d.  1750,  a  Scotch  antiquary, 
resided  for  many  years  on  the  continent,  and  also  visited 
Carolina  in  1741,  and  died  there.  He  was  a  good  Greek 
scholar,  and  an  excellent  draughtsman.  1.  Itinerarium 
Septentrionale;  or,  a  Journey  through  most  of  the  Counties 
of  Scotland,  and  those  in  the  North  of  England.  In  two 
Parts,  Lon.,  1726,  fol.  2.  Supplement  to  above,  1732,  foL 
A  Latin  edit,  of  Nos.  1  and  2  was  pub.  in  Holland,  1731. 
3.  The  Lives  of  Pope  Alex.  VI.  and  his  son  Caesar  Borgia, 
Ac.,  Lon.,  1729,  fol.  4.  Trans,  of  Maffei's  Hist,  of  the 
Ancient  Amphitheatres,  1730,  8vo;  2d  ed.  enlarged,  625 
Plates  of  Mummies,  about  1739,  fol.  5.  Essays  resp. 
Mummies,  1737,  fol.  See  Nichols's  Lit.  Anec. 

Gordon,  Alexander,  of  Achintoul,  several  years 
Major-General  in  the  Czar's  service.  1.  Hist,  of  Peter 
the  Great,  Aberdeen,  1755,  2  vols.  8vo.  2.  The  Prussiad  ; 
an  Heroic  Poem,  Ac.,  Lon.,  1759,  4to. 

Gordon,  Alexander,  M.D.  1.  Puerperal  Fever  of 
Aberdeen,  Lon.,  1795,  8vo.  2.  In  conjunction  with  Rev. 
Dr.  Colin  Milne,  Indigenous  Botany,  vol.  i.,  1793,  8vo. 
3.  Con.  to  Med.  Com.,  1793. 

Gordon,  Sir  Alexander  Duff,  Bart.  1.  Trans,  of 
Sketches  of  German  Life,  Lon.,  1847,  p.  8vo. 


"  This  is  a  selection  deserving  of  more  than  ordinary 


attention. 
'06 


GOR 

Though  the  writer  [Von  Ense]  does  not  take  a  high  rank  among 
the  authors  of  modern  Germany,  in  right  either  of  original  talent 
or  any  peculiar  charm  of  style  as  a  narrator,  he  is  easy,  circum 
stantial,  and  trustworthy.  He  has  lived,  too,  among  distinguished 
people  and  in  stirring  times."— Lon.  Athenceum. 

2.  Trans,  of  A.  Weill's  Village  Tales  from  Alsatia.  New 
ed.,  1847,  sq.  3.  In  conjunction  with  Lady  Duff  Gordon, 
Trans,  of  Leopold  Ranke's  Memoirs  of  the  House  of 
Brandenburg  and  Hist,  of  Prussia,  1849,  3  vols.  8vo. 

"Professor  Ranke  has  devoted  some  eight  or  ten  years  to  the 
examination  of  materials  especially  relating  to  the  period  embraced 
by  this  history ;  he  was,  moreover,  one  of  the  Commission  ap 
pointed  to  superintend  the  preparation  of  the  new  edition  of  the 
Great  Frederick's  works  now  in  course  of  publication  at  Berlin, 
and  has  thus  been  enabled  to  gain  a  fresh  insight  into  several 
portions  of  that  monarch's  life,  and  to  throw  a  new  light  upon 
several  of  his  actions." — Translators'  Preface. 

"The  translation  transfers  the  whole  value  of  the  original  work 
into  our  language,  and,  whatever  may  be  its  merits  as  an  historical 
composition,  they  now  belong  as  much  to  English  as  German 
literature."— Lon.  Economist. 

"The  translation  is  well  done,  on  a  somewhat  free  principle; 
not  free  as  to  the  sense,  for  the  translators  have  completely  pene 
trated  their  author's  meaning ;  but  free  with  respect  to  the  choice 
of  words  and  the  structure  of  opinion." — Lon.  Spectator. 

Gordon,  Alexander  George,  M.D.  The  Com 
plete  English  Physician ;  or,  a  Univ.  Lib.  of  Family  Med., 
Lon.,  1778,  8vo. 

Gordon,  Andrew,  1712-1751,  Prof,  of  Philos.  in 
the  Scots  Monastery  of  the  Benedictines  at  Erfurt.  His 
principal  works  are — 1.  Progr.  de  studii  philosophic!  digni- 
tate  et  utilitate,  Erfurt,  1737,  4to.  2.  De  Concordandis 
mensuris,  1742,  4to.  3.  Phaenomena  electricitatis  exposita, 
1744,  8vo.  4.  Physica  experimentalis  elementa,  1751-52, 
2  vols.  8vo,  with  plates.  Dr.  Priestley  says  that  Gordon 
was  the  first  person  who  used  a  cylinder  instead  of  a  globe 
in  the  electrical  apparatus.  See  Hirsching's  Manual  of 
Eminent  Persons  who  died  in  the  18th  Century. 

Gordon,  Anthony.  Science  of  Defence,  Lon.,  1805, 
4to. 

Gordon,  Bernard,  a  native  of  Gordon,  in  Rouvergne, 
France,  is  improperly  called  a  Scotsman  by  Watt.  For 
an  account  of  him  and  his  medical  works,  see  Memoires 
pour  servir  a  1'histoire  de  la  faculte  de  Montpellier,  par 
Astruc;  Biog.  Univ. 

Gordon,  C.  A.  A  Concise  Hist,  of  the  antient  and 
illust.  House  of  Gordon,  Aberd.,  1754,  12mo.  Privately 
printed,  Jadis,  84,  17«. 

Gordon,  Charles  Alexander,  M.D.  1.  The  Prin 
cipal  Diseases  of  India  briefly  described,  Lon.,  1847,  12mo. 
Hand-Book  for  Medical  Officers  of  Her  Majesty's  Service 
in  India,  1852,  12mo. 

Gordon,  D.  Pharmacopinax,  Aberd.,  1625,  4to. 
Gordonstoun,  1021,  £5  17«.  6d. 

Gordon,  Duncan,  M.D.  Letter  to  John  Hunter, 
Lon.,  1786,  4to. 

Gordon,  Francis.  Predestination,  Ac.,  Edin.,  1712, 
4to. 

Gordon,  George.  1.  Newtonian  Philos.,  Lon.,  1719, 
12mo.  2.  Longitude,  1724,  8vo.  3.  Astronomy,  Ac.,  1726, 
8vo. 

Gordon,  George.  Annals  of  Europe,  Lon.,  1739-43, 
6  vols.  8vo. 

Gordon,  George.     De  Natura  Rerum,  Quaestiones 
Philosophies,  Glasg.,  1758,  8vo. 
Gordon,  George.     Serms.,  Lon.,  1794,  1805,  4to. 
Gordon,  George  Campbell.   Serm.,  Luke  xxii.  19 : 
I'he  Holy  Communion,  Lon.,  1850,  r.  12mo. 
Gordon,  J.  Memoirs  concerning  Popery,Lon.,1733,8vo. 
Gordon,  James,  D.D.,  1543-1620,  surnamed  Hunt- 
laeus,  from  his  connection  with  the  noble  family  of  Gor 
don  ;  a  Scotch  Jesuit,  was  for  nearly  fifty  years  professor 
of  Hebrew  and  divinity  in  several  parts  of  Europe,  and 
for  some  time  a  missionary  in  Scotland  and  England ;  and 
his  zeal  in  making  converts  caused  him  to  be  twice  im 
prisoned. 

1.  Controversarium  Fidei  Epitome,  Ac. :  1st  torn.,  Aug. 
Pict.,  1612;  2d  torn.,  Paris ;  3d  torn.,  Cologne,  1620,  all  8vo. 

"This  work  is  entitled  to  a  place  here,  were  it  only  because  it 
partly  led  to  the  publication  of  the  Philologia  Sacra  of  Glassuis. 
In  one  of  the  tracts  which  it  contains,  De  Verbo  Dei,  he  [Gordon" 
attacks  with  great  vigour  and  acuteness  the  present  Hebrew  text. 
and  extols  exceedingly  the  Latin  Vulgate."—  Orme's  Bibl.  Brit.,  q.v. 

2.  Summaries  of  the  Controversies,  Ac.  betweene  Catho- 
lickes  and  Protestants,  1618,  8vo.    3.  Traditions,  1614,  8vo. 

Gordon,  James,  D.D.,  1553-1641,  surnamed  Les- 
moraeus,  from  his  connection  with  the  family  of  Lesmore  ; 
a  Scotch  Jesuit,  was  born  at  or  near  Aberdeen.  He  was 
Rector  of  the  Colleges  of  Toulouse  and  Bordeaux,  anc 
confessor  to  Louis  XIII.  1.  Opus  Chronologicum  Col 
Agr.,  1614,  fol. 

"  It  is  not,  I  believe,  a  work  of  great  value." — Grinds  Bibl.  Bib 


GOR 

2.  Chronologia  ab  Orbe  condita  ad  annum  Christ!,  1617; 
Aug.  Rot.,  1617,  fol.  3.  Catholica  veritate,  diatriba,  Bur- 
iig,  1623, 12mo.  4.  Biblia  Sacra :  cum  Cominentariis,  Ac., 
Paris,  1636,  3  vols.  fol. 

"These  volumes,  according  to  Walch,  contain  many  things 
rhich  may  be  read  with  profit." — ORME:  ubi  supra. 

5.  Theologia  Moralis,  tomus  prior,  Paris,  1634.  6.  Opus- 
ula  Chronologicum,  Historicum,  Geographicuin,  Col.  Agr., 
.636,  8vo. 

Gordon,  James,  Bishop  of  Aberdeen.  1.  The  Re- 
brmed  Bishop,  Lon.,  1679,  8vo.  Anon.  2.  To  R.  Catho- 
ics,  1687,  4to.  3.  Fables  of  Esop,  as  commented  on  by 
Sir  Roger  L'Estrange,  Edin.,  1700,  fol.  4.  A  Generous 
Prince,  Lon.,  1703,  8vo. 

Gordon,  James.     An  Ordination  Serm.,  1735. 
Gordon,  James,  Parson  of  Rothiemay.     1.  Hist,  of 
Scots  Affairs,  1637-41,  Aberd.,  1840-42,  3  vols.  4to,  Spald- 
ng  Club,  vols.  i.,  iii.,  v.     Only  250  copies  printed. 

"  This  valuable  work  is  printed  from  a  unique  MS.  in  the  library 
>f  the  King's  College  at  Aberdeen,  and  forms  a  work  of  great  au- 
;hority,  and  the  principal  writers  of  this  period  have  all  referred 
o  it,  even  while  locked  up  in  manuscript." 

2.  Description  of  bothe  Towns  of  Aberdeene,  edit,  by  C. 
Innes,  1842,  4 to,  Spalding  Club,  vol.  iv. 

Gordon,  James,  Vicar  of  Barragh,  Rector  of  Kil- 
egny,  Ac.,  Ireland.  1.  Terraquea ;  or,  a  New  System  of 
Geography  and  Modern  Hist,  Lon.,  1790-93,  2  vols.  8vo. 
2.  Hist,  of  the  Bebell.  in  Ireland  in  1798,  Ac.,  1801,  '03, 
$vo.  3.  Hist,  of  Ireland  from  the  earliest  accounts  to  the 
Union  in  1801,  2  vols.  8vo,  1806.  In  French,  by  P.  La 
Montague,  Paris,  1808,  3  vols.  8vo. 

"  The  author  has  not  derogated  from  the  reputation  which  he 
derived  from  his  prior  publication,  since  we  discover  in  it  the  same 
clear  discernment,  the  same  sound  judgment,  the  same  strong 
good  sense,  the  same  manly  sentiments,  and  the  same  fearless 
integrity  and  devotion  to  truth." — Lon.  Month.  Jfev. 

"A  party  work  abounding  in  misrepresentation." — Lowndes's 
Bibl.  Man. 

4.  Hist,  of  the  Brit.  Islands,  Great  Brit.,  and  the  Islands 
that  with  it  compose  a  geographical  group,  from  the  earliest 
accounts  to  1807,  4  vols.  8vo.,  1815. 

Gordon,  Rev.  James  Bentley.  An  Hist,  and 
Geographical  Memoir  of  the  N.  Amer.  Continent:  its 
Nations  and  Tribes  ;  with  a  summary  Acct.  of  his  Life, 
Writings,  and  Opinions.  Edited  by  Thos.  Jones,  Dubl., 
1820,  4to. 

Gordon,  John,  Gentleman  of  the  Chamber  to  the 
King  of  France.  Panegyrique  de  Congratulation  pour  la 
Concorde  des  Royaumes  de  la  Grande  Bretagne  en  Vnite 
de  Religion  et  Vnique  Royaute,  Paris,  1603,  sin.  8vo;  Ro- 
chelle,  1603,  8vo.  In  English,  Lon.,  1603,  4to.  Liber 
rarissimus.  This  work  is  ascribed  by  Lowndes  to  Dr. 
Gordon,  Dean  of  Sarum. 

Gordon,  John,  D.D.,  Dean  of  Sarum,  pub.  Assertionis 
pro  vera  verae  Ecclesiae  Nota,  1603,  8vo ;  Anti-Torto-Bel- 
larminus,  Ac.,  1610,  4to;  and  other  theolog.  treatises.  See 
Bibl.  Brit.;  Lowndes's  Bibl.  Man. 

Gordon,  John*     Serm.  on  the  Union,  Lon.,  1604, 4to. 
Gordon,  John,  of  Glencat.  Autobiog.,  Lon.,1733,  8vo. 
Gordon,  John,  of  Buthlaw.     De  Nuptijs   Roberti 
Senescalli   Scotiae   atque    Elizabeths    Morae    Dissertatio, 
Edin.,  1749.     For   a   trans,  of  this   work — highly  com 
mended—see  Scotia  Rediviva,  vol.  i.,  Edin.,  1826,  8vo. 

Gordon,  John.  Specimen  Animadversionum  Criti- 
carum  in  priscam  Evangeliorum  Gothicam;  item  novae 
ejusdem  versionis  interpretationis  Latinae,  Edin.,  1760, 
8vo. 

Gordon,  John.  The  Famous  Bull,  or  Constitution 
Unigenitus,  Ac. ;  related  in  the  Memoirs  of  John  Gordon, 
who  was  thirteen  years  in  the  Scots  College  at  Paris ;  2d 
ed.,  Lon.,  12mo,  sine  anno. 

Gordon,  John,  D.D.,  Archdeacon  of  Lincoln,  d.  1793, 
aged  68.  1.  Serm.,  Camb.,  1767,  4to.  2.  Serm.,  Lon., 
1771,  4to. 

Gordon,  John.  Poems,  Lon.,  1807,  '12,  12mo. 
Gordon,  John,  M.D.  Lect.  on  Anat.  and  Physiol., 
Edin.  1.  Structure  of  the  Brain,  comprising  an  estimate 
of  the  claims  of  Drs.  Gall  and  Spurzheim,  Edin.,  1807,  8vo. 
2.  A  System  of  Anatomy,  1815,  8vo ;  engravings  (22)  to 
do.,  1817,  8vo. 

'•A  much-esteemed  work." — Lowndes's  Bibl.  Man. 
3  Lect.  on  Human  Physiology,  1817,  8vo.     4.  Caloric ; 
Thorn.  Ann.  Philos.,  1814. 

Gordon,  John.  Eng.  Spelling,  Lon.,  1814,  18mo. 
Gordon,  Prof.  LeAvis,  of  Glasgow.  1.  Lect.  on 
Civil  Engineering  and  Mechanics,  Edin.,  r.  8vo.  2.  Trans, 
of  Prof.  Julius  Weisbach's  Principles  of  the  Mechanics  of 
Machinery  and  Engineering,  1847-48,  2  vols.  8vo.  First 
Amer.  ed.,  with  addits.  by  Prof.  Walter  R.  Johnson,  Pbila., 
1849,  2  vols.  8vo. 


GOR 


GOR 


"  The  most  valuable  contribution  to  practical  science  that  has 
yet  appeared  in  this  country." — Lon.  Athenaeum. 

"  In  every  way  worthy  of  being  recommended  to  our  readers." 
— Franldin  Institute,  Jour. 

Gordon,  Rev.  London  Harcourt.  An  Apology 
for  the  Conduct  of  the  Gordons,  <fcc.  rel.  to  Mrs.  Lee,  Lon., 
1804,  8vo. 

Gordon,  Lady  Lucie  Duff,  wife  of  Sir  Alexander 
Duff  Gordon,  is  a  daughter  of  Mrs.  Sarah  Austin ;  see  ante. 
1.  Trans,  of  Niebuhr's  Greek  Legends.  2.  Trans,  from 
the  German  of  The  Amber  Witch :  the  most  interesting 
Trial  for  Witchcraft  yet  known,  Lon.,  1844,  p.  8vo.  A 
new  English  ed.  was  pub.  in  1849,  18mo. 

"  If  this  work  be  genuine,  it  is,  undoubtedly,  as  it  announces 
itself,  the  most  interesting  of  all  those  strange  trials  for  witch 
craft,  so  absorbing  and  sometimes  so  inexplicable,  which  occur 
at  a  certain  period  in  almost  every  country  in  Europe;  if  it  be  a 
fiction,  it  is  worthy — we  can  give  no  higher  praise — of  Defoe.  The 
editor  professes  to  have  found  the  manuscript  in  a  manner  by  no 
means  improbable,  yet  rather  too  like  that  which  the  author  of 
Waverley,  as  well  as  many  others  of  inferior  name,  have  been  so 
fond  of  playing  off  upon  us.  It  was  brought  to  him  by  his  sexton 
out  of  a  niche  or  closet  in  the  church,  where  it  had  long  lain  hid 
among  a  heap  of  old  hymn-books  and  useless  parish-accounts.  We 
have  read  nothing  for  a  long  time,  in  fiction  or  in  history,  which 
has  so  completely  riveted  and  absorbed  our  attention." — Lon. 
Quar.  Rev.,  June,  1844. 

But  hear  the  conclusion  of  the  story : 

"The  Amber  Witch  is  one  ef  the  'Curiosities  of  Literature,'  for 
in  the  last  German  edition  the  author  is  obliged  to  prove  that  it 
is  entirely  a  work  of  imagination,  and  not,  as  almost  all  the  Ger 
man  critics  believed  it  to  be  when  it  appeared,  the  reprint  of  an 
old  chronicle.  It  was,  in  fact,  written  as  a  trap  for  the  disciples 
of  Strauss  and  his  school,  who  had  pronounced  the  Scriptures  of 
the  Old  and  New  Testaments,  from  historical  research,  assisted 
by  '  internal  evidence,'  to  be  a  collection  of  legends.  Meinhold 
did  not  spare  them  when  they  fell  into  the  snare,  and  made  merry 
with  the  historical  knowledge  and  critical  acumen  that  could  not 
detect  the  contemporary  romancer  under  the  mask  of  the  chronicler 
of  two  centuries  ago,  while  they  decided  so  positively  as  to  the 
authority  of  the  most  ancient  writings  in  the  world."— Lon.  Times, 
July,  1850. 

3.  Trans,  of  Lt.  Lamping's  [a  young  Oldenburg  soldier] 
work  entitled,  The  French  in  Algiers,  1844,  p.  8vo. 

"  The  events  are  described  in  a  pleasing  style  of  easy  epistolary 
narrative.  The  glimpses  which  they  afford  of  the  barbarities  of 
the  French  African  war  fully  confirm  the  worst  opinions  which  we 
had  formed  on  the  subject." — Northern  Whig. 

4.  Trans,  from  the  German  of  Hitter  Von  Feuerbach's 
Remarkable  Crimes  and  Trials,  1846,  8vo. 

"  The  reader  is  taken  into  a  new  world,  in  which  all  is  grotesque 
and  horrible.  .  .  .  The  secrets  of  the  prison-house  are  opened  to 
him." — Edin.  Rev. 

"  The  translation  is  excellent,  and  a  judicious  compression  of 
the  original  has  added  much  to  the  effect." — Lon.  Examiner. 

"  Lady  Gordon  possesses  in  a  high  degree  the  rare  faculty  of 
translation,  to  which  she  has  a  hereditary  right.  She  has  skil 
fully  pruned  the  luxuriant  details  of  some  of  the  cases,  and  omit 
ted  the  disquisitions  on  evidence  and  other  legal  topics,  which, 
however  valuable  in  themselves,  would  be  uninteresting  to  gene 
ral  readers.  The  present  collection  of  criminal  cases  forms,  as  far 
as  we  are  aware,  the  most  interesting  specimen  existing  in  our 
language." — 4  Law  Mag.,  N.  S.,  310 ;  and  see  4  Law  Rev. 

The  legal  student  should  add  to  this  volume  Dumas's 
Celebrated  Crimes, 

"Dumas's  book  is  very  striking.  The  tragedy  of  Truth— the 
serious  side  of  what  is  called  the  Romance  of  Real  Life — had  never 
such  startling  illustration  as  this  remarkable  book  affords.  What 
a  story  is  that  of  the  Marchioness  de  Ganges!" — Lon.  Examiner. 

5.  Trans,  of  Stella  and  Vanessa;  a  Novel,  by  Leon  de 
Wailly.  6.  Trans,  of  Ferdinand  and  Maximilian,  by  Ranke. 
7.  Trans,  of  the  Village  Doctor,  by  the  late  Comtesse  d'Ar- 
bouville.     8.  Trans,  of  Moltke's   Russian   Campaigns  of 
1828-29  on  the  Danube ;  pub.  in  1854.     9.  In  conjunction 
with  Sir  Alexander  Duff  Gordon,  Trans,  of  Ranke's  Me 
moirs  of  the  House  of  Brandenburg,  and  Hist,  of  Prussia, 
1849,  3  vols.  8vo. 

Gordon,  N.  M.  Alleghan ;  a  Poem  in  Nine  Books, 
Cin.,  1855,  12mo.  In  blank  verse.  The  theme  of  the 
poem  is  the  spread  of  the  Gospel. 

Gordon,  Patrick.  1.  Neptunus  Britannicus  Cory- 
donis,  Lon.,  1613,  4to.  2.  Historie  of  Penardo  and  Laissa, 
<fcc.,  in  heroik  Verse,  Dort,  1615,  12mo.  3.  The  famovs 
Historie  of  Robt.  Bruce,  <fcc.,  Dort,  1615,  4to;  Edin., 
1718,  12mo. 

Gordon,  Patrick.     Geography,  Ac.,  1693,  Ac. 

Gordon,  Patrick,  Lt.-Gov.  of  Penna.  Two  Indian 
Treaties  at  Conestogoe,  1728 ;  Phila.,  1728,  fol. 

Gordon,  Pryse  Lockhart.  Personal  Memoirs; 
or,  Reminiscences  of  Men  and  Manners  at  Home  and 
Abroad  during  the  last  Half- Century,  with  occasional 
sketches  of  the  Author's  Life,  Lon.,  1830,  2  vols.  8vo. 

"  With  many  pleasant  anecdotes  of  men  and  things,  we  have  in 
these  volumes  an  abundance  of  commonplace  and  almost  puerile 
narrative,  which  necessarily  must  take  the  lead  in  fixing  a  charac 
ter  on  this  book." — Lon.  Month.  Rev. 


"  The  best  collection  of  real  anecdotes  and  adventures  that  we 
have  seen  for  many  a  day." — Lon.  Spectator. 

"  We  know  not  any  species  of  work  so  calculated  to  give  a  real 
view  of  life  in  its  infinite  varieties."— Court  Journal. 

Gordon,  Robert,  of  Stralogh,  Scotland,  d.  about 
1650,  wrote  a  topographical  work  entitled  Theatrum  Scotise, 
illustrated  with  maps,  and  dedicated  to  Cromwell.  It  was 
printed  at  Amsterdam. 

"On  y  trouve  une  description  complete  de.l'ficosse,  avec  des 
cartes  particulieres  de  chaque  comt6.  On  y  ajoute  le  livre  de 
Buchanan,  De  Jure  regni  apud  Scotos." — Biog.  Univers. 

Gordon,  Robert.     Deafness;  Med.  Com.,  1775. 

Gordon,  Sir  Robert,  of  Gordonstoun,  Bart.,  Gen 
tleman  of  the  Bedchamber  to  K.  James  I.  and  K.  Charles 
L,  <fec.  A  Genealogical  Hist,  of  the  Earldom  of  Suther 
land,  Edin.,  1813,  fol.  Bindley,  Pt.  1,  2046,  £1  13*. 
Largest  paper,  Brockett,  1329,  £1  19s.  One  copy  was 
struck  off  on  vellum  for  the  Marquis  of  Stafford.  This 
splendid  volume,  edited  by  Henry  Weber,  was  pub.  under 
the  auspices  and  at  the  charge  of  the  Marchioness  of 
Stafford,  (in  her  own  right  Countess  of  Sutherland.) 

"The  paper,  printing,  and  style  of  getting  up  are  worthy  of  the 
intrinsic  value  of  the  volumes.  Such  works  are  sometimes  not 
only  highly  curious  and  interesting,  but  are  absolutely  necessary 
to  the  Historian  and  Antiquary  for  the  satisfactory  completion  of 
their  historical  labours.  In  this  work  we  have  materials  which 
equally  appertain  to  English  and  Scottish  history."— Dibdin's  Bibl. 
Spenseriana. 

The  bibliographer  must  not  fail  to  procure  if  he  can — 
which  is  greatly  to  be  questioned — A  Catalogue  of  the  Sin 
gular  and  Curious  Library,  originally  formed  between  1610 
and  1650,  by  Sir  Robert  Gordon,  of  Gordounstoun,  Ac., 
with  some  addits.  by  his  successors,  comprising  an  extra 
ordinary  number  of  rarities  in  the  literature  of  the  six 
teenth  and  seventeenth  centuries.  Sold  by  auction,  Lon 
don,  in  March  and  April,  1816. 

Gordon,  Robert,  D.D.,  minister  of  the  Free  High 
Church,  Edin.  22  Evangelical  Serms.,  Edin.,  1825,  '26, 
'33,  8vo. 

"These  are  orations,  these  are  arguments,  worthy  of  a  high  and 
permanent  place  in  our  theological  literature.  They  display  a 
vigour  and  originality  of  thought  which  it  is  truly  refreshing  to 
meet  with  in  printed  sermons,  and  are,  at  the  same  time,  boldly 
explicit  in  the  enunciation  of  the  Gospel  system." — Lon.  Eclectic 
Rev. 

In  The  Mourner's  Companion,  1825,  12mo,  containing 
treatises  by  Flavel,  Cecil,  and  Shaw,  will  be  found  an  Es 
say  by  Dr.  Gordon. 

"  This  volume  is  well  fitted  to  be  a  companion  to  the  afllicted ; 
nor  can  the  Christian  rise  from  the  perusal  of  the  treatises  without 
some  salutary  impressions,  calculated  to  soothe  him  under  present 
suffering,  or  fit  him  for  meeting  future  trials  with  devout  acqui 
escence  in  the  divine  appointment." 

Gordon,  T.  Trans,  of  Menzel's  Hist,  of  Genman 
Literature,  with  Notes,  Oxf.,  1840,  4  vols.  p.  8vo. 

"  There  is  no  higher  name  in  the  living  literature  of  his  country 
than  Menzel;  he  is  eloquent  and  popular  at  the  same  time." — 
Black-wood's  Mag. 

Gordon,  Thomas,  1684  P-1750,  a  native  of  Kirkcud 
bright,  Galloway,  settled  in  London,  and  became  a  noted 
political  and  religious  writer.  1.  Tacitus,  trans,  into  Eng 
lish,  Ac.,  Lon.,  1728-31,  2  vols.  fol.  2.  The  Independent 
Whig;  or,  a  Defence  of  Primitive  Christianity,  1732,  2 
vols.  12mo.  3.  Sallust,  trans,  into  English,  1744,  4to. 
4.  Review  of  a  pamph.  by  Chas.  Yorke,  1746,  8vo.  5.  In 
conjunction  with  John  Trenchard,  Cato's  Letters,  1724, 
'37,  '48,  '55,  4  vols.  12mo.  6,  7.  Two  Collec.  of  Tracts:  I. 
A  Cordial  for  Low  Spirits,  1750,  3  vols.  12rno;  3d  ed.,  by 
Richard  Baron,  1763,  3  vols.  12mo.  II.  The  Pillars  of 
Priestcraft  and  Orthodoxy  Shaken,  1750,  2  vols.  12mo. 
New  ed.,  by  Richard  Baron,  1768,  4  vols.  12mo. 

Gordon,  Thomas.  1.  Naval  Architecture,  Lon., 
1784,  8vo.  2.  British  Fisheries,  1785,  8vo. 

Gordon,  Thomas,  of  Aberdeenshire,  General  of  a 
Division  of  the  Greek  Army.  Hist,  of  the  Greek  Revolu 
tion,  Lon.,  1832,  2  vols.  8vo;  2d  ed.,  Lon.,  1842. 

"It  is  utterly  impossible  for  us  to  do  any  thing  like  justice  to 
the  merits  of  these  important  volumes ;  but  we  have  seen  more 
than  enough  to  justify  us  in  declaring  that  they  must  at  once  take 
their  rank  among  our  standard  histories."— ion.  Athenaeum. 

"  Hundreds  of  books  have  been  written  about  the  Greek  Revo 
lution,  but  its  history  is  now  truly  written  for  the  first  time."— 
Lon.  Examiner. 

Gordon,  Thomas  F.  1.  Digest  of  the  Laws  of  the 
United  States,  Phila.,  1827,  8vo;  4th  ed.,  1851. 

"An  exceedingly  useful  work,  very  carefully  prepared."— Mar 
vin's  Leg.  Bibl.,  342 ;  18  Amer.  Jur.,  229 ;  19,  257 ;  1  Leg.  Exam.,  263. 

2.  Hist,  of  Pennsylvania  from  its  Discovery  to  1776, 
1823,  '29,  8vo.  3.  Hist,  of  New  Jersey  from  its  Discovery 
to  1789,  Trenton,  1831,  8vo.  4.  The  Hist,  of  America, 
Phila.,  1831,  2  vols.  12mo.  The  first  two  vols.  of  the 
Cabinet  of  American  History.  Two  more  were  pub.  in 
1832 :  see  No.  5.  5.  The  Hist,  of  Ancient  Mexico,  2  vols. 


GOR 


GOR 


12mo.  See  No.  4.  6.  Gazetteer  of  New  Jersey,  Trenton, 
1834,  8vo.  7.  Gazetteer  of  New  York,  1836,  8vo. 

Gordon,  Wm.     1.  Serin.,  1710, 4to.    2.  Do.,  1717, 8vo. 

Gordon,  Win.   Theolog.  treatises,  Lon.,  1718,  '19,  8vo. 

Gordon,  Wm.  Hist,  of  the  Ancient  Noble  and  Illust. 
Family  of  the  Gordons  to  1690,  Edin.,  1726,  2  vols.  8vo. 

"  Collected  from  Scots  and  foreign  historical  manuscripts,  records, 
and  registers  of  the  nation." 

Gordon,  Wm.     Serm.,  1746,  8vo. 

Gordon,  Wm.  1.  The  Universal  Accountant  and 
Complete  Merchant,  1763,  '65,  '74,  2  vols.  8vo. 

"  A  work  of  this  kind  adapted  to  the  present  state  of  science 
and  commerce  is  a  desideratum  " — McGiMoch's  Lit.  of  Pdlit.  Econ. 

Mr.  McCulloch  heads  the  department  devoted  to  Book 
keeping  and  Mercantile  Accounts  in  the  valuable  work 
from  which  we  have  just  quoted,  with  the  following  apt 
citation  from  an  eminent  authority : 

"  The  counting-house  of  an  accomplished  merchant  is  a  school 
of  method,  where  the  great  science  may  be  learned  of  ranging  par 
ticulars  under  generals,  of  bringing  the  different  parts  of  a  trans 
action  together,  and  of  showing  at  one  view  a  long  series  of  dealing 
and  exchange.  Let  no  man  venture  into  large  business  while  he 
is  ignorant  of  the  method  of  regulating  books;  never  let  him 
imagine  that  any  degree  of  natural  abilities  will  enable  him  to 
supply  this  deficiency  or  preserve  multiplicity  of  affairs  from  in 
extricable  confusion." — DR.  JOHNSON:  Preface  to  Rolf s  Dictionary 
Of  Trade  and  Commerce. 

2.  Arithmetic,  1779,  12mo.  3.  Livy,  in  English,  1813, 
12mo. 

Gordon,  Wm.     Thanksg.  Serm.,  Lon.,  1776,  Svo. 

Gordon,  Wm.,  D.D.,  1729-1807,  a  native  of  Hitchin, 
Hertfordshire,  England,  was  pastor  of  an  Independent 
church  at  Ipswich,  and  was  subsequently  successor  to  Dr. 
David  Jennings  in  the  church  at  Old  Gravel  Lane,  Wap- 
ping.  In  1770  he  removed  to  America,  and  became  minister 
of  the  Third  Church,  Roxbury,  Mass.  In  1786  he  returned 
to  England,  and  preached  both  at  St.  Neot's,  Huntingdon 
shire,  and  at  Ipswich.  He  died  in  the  latter  place  Oct.  19, 
1807.  He  pub.  serms.,  Ac.,  1772,  '75,  '77,  '83 ;  an  Abridgt. 
of  Jonathan  Edwards's  Treatise  on  the  Religious  Affec 
tions,  and  a  History  of  the  Rise,  Progress,  and  Establish 
ment  of  the  Independency  of  the  U.  States  of  America, 
Ac.,  Lon.,  1788,  4  vols.  Svo;  N.  York,  1789,  3  vols.  Svo; 
1794,  3  vols.  Svo. 

"  The  language  of  this  work  deserves  little  encomium,  but  the 
merit  of  fidelity  is  the  first  qualification  in  an  historian;  and  to 
that  claim  we  believe  the  present  dispassionate  writer  is  fully  en 
titled."—  Lon.  Month.  Rev.,  May,  1789,  441,  442. 

"  The  History  of  Gordon,  in  four  thick  octavo  volumes,  will,  in 
like  manner,  be  consulted  with  best  effect  when  other  accounts 
have  been  perused.  The  author  appears  to  have  access  to  good 
sources  of  information ;  and  the  work  is  an  immense  assemblage 
of  facts,  presented  to  the  reader  with  little  or  no  comment,  and 
witk  great  impartiality."— Smyth's  Lects.  on  Mod.  Hist. 

But  audi  alteram  partem  : 

"  This  however  is  rather  a  collection  of  facts  than  a  regular  his 
tory,  for  the  writing  of  which,  indeed,  the  author  had  no  talent ; 
his  style  is  vulgar  and  confused,  and  his  reflections  commonplace. 
The  best  parts  of  it  occur  where  he  made  most  use  of  Dodsley's 
Annual  Register.  The  colouring  he  attempts  to  give,  as  may  be 
expected,  is  entirely  unfavourable  to  the  English,  nor  does  he  en 
deavour  to  disguise  his  partialities."— Sugp.  vol.  to  the  Diet.  Hist., 
1812. 

"  There  arises  some  suspicion  that  Dr.  Gordon  actually  wrote 
under  the  influence  of  American  prejudice."— ion.  Critical  Rev. 

Gordon,  Wm.,  M.D.,  1801-1849,  was  educated  at  Ri- 
pon,  England,  in  the  vicinity  of  which  city  he  was  born. 
After  some  years'  experience  as  a  general  practitioner,  in 
1841  he  took  the  degree  of  M.D.,  and  settled  as  a  physi 
cian  in  Hull.  1.  Academical  Examinations  on  the  Practice 
of  Surgery,  1828.  2.  Critical  Inquiry  concerning  a  new 
Membrane  of  the  Eye,  1832.  3.  Contributions  to  Medical 
Journals.  See  The  Christian  Philosopher  triumphing  over 
Death ;  a  narrative  of  the  Closing  Scenes  of  the  Life  of 
the  late  Wm.  Gordon,  M.D.,  F.L.S.,  of  Kingston-upon-Hull, 
by  Newman  Hall,  Lon.,  1849,  12mo;  5th  ed.,  1854.  We 
have  referred  to  this  work  in  our  life  of  GODMAN,  JOHN  D. 

Gore,  Mrs.  Catherine  Grace,  a  celebrated  English 
novelist,  the  widow  of  Mr.  Charles  Gore,  has  perhaps  done 
more  to  familiarize  the  public  mind  with  the  tone  of  fash 
ionable  manners  and  conversation  than  any  other  writer 
of  the  day.  The  following  alphabetical  list  of  her  writings 
presents  the  best  illustration  of  her  literary  industry. 
From  the  date  of  her  first  work,  (about  1823,)— Theresa 
Marchmont;  or,  The  Maid  of  Honour,— Mrs.  Gore  has  been 
in  constant  communication  with  the  public.  1.  Agathonia 
1844,  12mo.  2.  Ambassador's  Wife,  1842,  3  volf .  p.  Svo! 
3.  Banker's  Wife,  1843,  3  vols.  cr.  Svo.  4.  Birthright  and 
other  Tales,  1843,  3  vols.  p.  Svo.  5.  Bond;  a  Dramatic 
Poem,  Svo.  6.  Cabinet  Minister,  1839,  3  vols  p  Svo 
7.  Castles  in  the  Air,  1847,  3  vols.  p.  8vo.  8.  Cecil  •  or' 
Adventures  of  a  Coxcomb,  1845,  3  vols.  p.  Svo-  1849* 
12mo.  9.  Courtier  of  the  Days  of  Charles  the  Second' 
708 


and  other  Tales,  1839,  3  vols.  p.  Svo.  10.  Dacre  of  the 
South,  or  the  Olden  Time;  a  Tragedy,  1840,  Svo.  11.  De 
butante,  2d  ed.,  1846,  3  vols.  p.  Svo.  12.  Dean's  Daughter ; 
or,  The  Days  We  Live  In,  1853, 3  vols.  p.  Svo.  13.  Diamond 
and  the  Pearl,  1848,  3  vols.  p.  Svo.  14.  Diary  of  a  Desen- 
nuyee,  1836,  2  vols.  p.  Svo.  15.  Dowager;  or,  Modern 
School  of  Scandal,  1840,  3  vols.  p.  Svo;  1S54,  12mo. 
16.  Fair  of  May  Fair,  1832,  3  vols.  p.  Svo.  17.  Fascination, 
and  other  Tales,  (edited  by  Mrs.  Gore,)  1842,  3  vols.  p.  Svo. 

18.  Greville;  or,  A  Season  in  Paris,  1841,  3  vols.  p.  Svo. 

19.  Hamiltons,  3  vols.  p.  Svo ;  1850,  12mo.     20.  Heir  of 
Selwood,   1838,  3  vols.  p.  Svo.      21.  Historical  Traveller, 
1831,  2  vols.  p.  Svo.     22.  Hungarian  Tales,  3  vols.  p.  Svo. 
23.  Inundation;  a  Christmas  Story,  1843,  '50,  12mo.     24. 
Lady  Leighton.      25.  Lettre  de   Cachet;  The  Reign  of 
Terror;  two  tales,  1827,  p.  Svo.     26.  Lost  Son.    New  ed., 
1854,   12mo.      27.  Mammon;    or,  the   Hardships   of  an 
Heiress,  1855,  3  vols.  p.  Svo.     28.  Man  of  Fortune,  and 
other  Tales,  1841,   3  vols.  p.  Svo.      29.  Manners  of  the 
Day;  or,  Women  as  they  are,  1830,  3  vols.  p.  Svo.     30. 
Mary  Raymond,  and  other  Tales,  1837,  3   vols.  p.  Svo. 
31.  Memoirs  of  a  Peeress;  edited  by  Lady  Charlotte  Bury, 
3  vols.  p.  Svo.     32.  Men  of  Capital;  Two   Stories,  1846, 
3  vols.  p.  Svo.     33.  Modern  Chivalry,  1843,  2  vols.  cr.  Svo. 

34.  Money-Lender,   1843,   3  vols.  cr.  Svo;     1854,  12mo. 

35.  Mothers  and  Daughters,  1831,  3  vols.  p.  Svo;  1S34, 
'49,  12mo.     36.  Mrs.  Armytage;  or,  Female  Domination, 
3  vols.  p.  Svo;  1848,  12mo.     37.  New  Year's  Day,  1846, 
'50,  12mo.     38.  Opera ;  a  Story  of  the  Beau  Monde,  3  vols. 
p.  Svo.      39.  Ormington,  or  Cecil  a  Peer:     a  sequel   to 
Cecil  a  Coxcomb,  1842,  3  vols.  p.  Svo.     40.  Paris,  Pictu 
resque  and  Romantic;  letter-press  by  Mrs.  Gore,  with  21 
illustrations  by  Mr.  T.  Allom,  1842,  r.  Svo.     41.  Peers  and 
Parvenus,  1846,  3  vols.  p.  Svo.     42.  Pin-Money,  3  vols.  p. 
Svo.     43.  Polish  Tales,  3  vols.  p.  Svo.     44.  Popular  Mem 
ber,  and  other  Tales,  1S44,  3  vols.  p.  Svo.      45.  Prefer 
ment;  or,  my  Uncle  the  Earl,  1839,  3  vols.  p.  8vo.     46. 
Progress  and  Prejudice,  1854,  3  vols.  p.  Svo.     47.  Queen 
of  Denmark,  1845,  3  vols.  p.  Svo.     48.  Quid  Pro  Quo ;  a 
Comedy,  Svo.      49.  Romances  of  Real  Life,   3  vols.  p. 
Svo.    50.  Rose-Fancier's  Manual,  a  trans,  from  the  French, 
1838,  p.  Svo.      51.  Self,  3  vols.  p.  Svo.      52.  Sketch-Book 
of  Fashion,  3  vols.  p.  8vo.     53.  Sketches  of  English  Cha 
racter,  1846,  2  vols.  p.  Svo ;  1852,  12rno.     54.  Snow-Storm ; 
a  Christmas  Story,  1845,  '50,  '54,  12rno.     55.  Soldier  of 
Lyons,   1841,  '49,  12mo.      56.  Stokeshill  Place;   or,  The 
Man  of  Business,  1837,  3  vols.  p.  Svo.     57.  Story  of  a 
Royal  Favourite,  1845,  3  vols.  p.  Svo.      58.  Temptation 
and  Atonement,  1847,  3  vols.  p.  Svo.     59.  The  Lover  and 
the  Husband,  (a  free  trans,  of  M.  Bertrand's  Gerfault;) 
The  Woman  of  a  Certain  Age,  <fcc.,  1841,  3  vols.  p.  Svo. 
60.  The  Peeress.     61.  Theresa  Marchmont ;  or,  the  Maid 
of  Honour,  about  1823,  18mo.      62.  Tuileries,  3  vols.  p. 
8vo.     63.  Two  Broken  Hearts;  a  Poem,  Svo.     64.  Woman 
of  Business.    65.  Woman  of  the  World,  183S,  3  vols.  p.  Svo. 
This  list  might  be  lengthened  by  the  addition  of  The  Maid 
of  Croissy,  The  Sledge-Driver, — dramas  from  the  French, 
— The  School  for  Coquettes,  a  Comedy;  Life's  Lesson,  1856 ; 
The  Two  Aristocracies,  1857,  and  a  number  of  works  pub. 
without  the  author's  name.     Mrs.  Gore  is  said  to  have  in 
preparation  for  the  press,  Memoirs  of  the  Present  Cen 
tury,  Social,  Literary,  and  Political,  (1858.) 

The  success  of  this  popular  novelist  in  her  sketches  of 
the  prevailing  tone  of  fashionable  society  is  admitted  by 
the  ablest  critics  : 

"  The  more  respectable  of  Mrs.  Gore's  personages  are  affecters 
of  an  excessive  prudery  concerning  the  decencies  of  life, — nay, 
occasionally  of  an  exalted  and  mystical  religious  feeling.  What 
ever,  therefore,  they  do,  is  a  fair  and  absolute  measure  of  the  pre 
vailing  opinions  of  the  class,  and  may  be  regarded  as  not  deroga 
tory  to  their  position  in  the  eyes  of  their  equals.  But  the  low 
average  standard  of  morality  thus  depicted,  with  its  conventional 
distinctions,  cannot  be  invented.  It  forms  the  atmosphere  in 
which  the  parties  live;  and  were  it  a  fictitious  compound,  fabri 
cated  at  the  author's  pleasure,  the  beings  who  breathe  it  could  not 
but  be  universally  acknowledged  as  fantastical,  and  as  mere 
monstrosities;  they  would,  indeed,  be  incapable  of  acting  in 
harmony  and  consistence  with  the  known  laws  and  usages  of 
civil  life.  If  the  situations  and  dialogues  of  Mrs.  Gore's  novels  be 
compared  with  these  usages  and  laws,  and  with  any  of  the  records 
of  the  actual  sayings  and  doings  of  high  life, — such  as  a  series  of 
parliamentary  reports,  county  meetings,  race-course  transactions, 
&c.,  they  will  be  found,  with  a  reasonable  allowance  for  artistic 
colouring,  to  reflect  accurately  enough  the  notions  current  among 
the  upper  classes  respecting  religion,  politics,  domestic  morals, 
the  social  affections,  and  that  coarse  aggregate  of  dealing  with  our 
neighbours  which  is  embraced  by  the  term  common  honesty. 

"It  is  this  average  morality  of  the  aristocratic  classes  that 
chiefly  concerns  society  at  large.  The  specific  overt  acts  of  high 
life  are  as  much  out  of  the  reach  of  imitation  by  inferiors  as  its 
deportment  and  carriage."— ion.  Atftenceum,  1839,  888,  889.  Kead 
the  whole  of  this  paper. 


GOR 

"  Many  of  Mrs.  Gore's  novels  are  works  in  which  the  present 
state  of  society  and  manners  is  more  or  less  clearly  impressed : 
they  are  pictures  of  the  time,  and  no  more." — ALLAN  CUNNINGHAM  : 
Biog.  and  Crit.  Hist,  of  the  Lit.  of  ttie  Last  Fifty  rears. 

"  Among  the  novelists  of  the  day,  Mrs.  Gore  is  entitled  to  a 
high  place." — Edin.  Jiev. 

"  Mrs.  Gore's  style  is  always  animated,  light,  and  playful.  It 
is  sustained  by  originality  of  thought,  and  sparkles  with  satirical 

"  All  the  productions  of  Mrs.  Gore  afford  evidence  of  great  apti 
tude,  cleverness,  and  talent."— ion.  Lit.  Gazette. 

"  Mrs.  Gore  is  certainly  foremost  among  the  female  novelists  of 
the  day,  for  wit,  acuteness  of  observation,  for  originality  of  re 
mark,  and  generally  for  her  graphic  powers."— ion.  Observer. 

"  The  novel  of  conventional  and  artificial  life  belongs  to  no  one 
so  much  as  to  Mrs.  Gore.  Who  does  not  know  the  ring  of  her 
regular  sentences  ?— the  dialogue  which  chimes  in  exactly  the 
same  measure,  whether  the  speakers  speak  in  a  club,  or  in  the 
dowager-duchess's  sombre  and  pious  boudoir  ?" 

The  critic  proceeds  to  notice  the  sameness  of  this  lady's 
scenes  and  characters  in  her  different  works,  and  then 
continues : 

"  Nevertheless,  Mrs.  Gore's  novels  have  a  host  of  readers,  and 
Mrs.  Gore's  readers  are  interested.  People  will  be  interested,  we 
suspect,  till  the  end  of  the  world,  in  the  old,  old  story  how  Edwin 
and  Angelina  fell  in  love  with  each  other;  how  they  were  sepa 
rated,  persecuted,  and  tempted;  and  how  their  virtue  and  con 
stancy  triumphed  over  all  their  misfortunes.  And  there  is  much 
vivacity  and  liveliness,  and  a  good  deal  of  shrewd  observation,  in 
these  books.  They  are  amusing,  pleasant  beguilers  of  a  stray 
hour;  and,  after  all  our  grand  pretensions,  how  valuable  a  pro 
perty  is  this  in  the  genus  novel,  which  proclaims  itself  an  ephe- 
meron  in  its  very  name!" — Modern  Novelists,  Great  and  Small: 
Blaclcwood's  Mag.,  May,  1855. 

Gore,  Charles.    A  work  on  ships,  Lon.,  1799,  4to. 

Gore,  Christopher,  1758-1827;  Governor  of  Mas 
sachusetts,  1809;  U.  States  Senator,  1814-17;  pub.  a 
Masonic  Oration,  1783.  See  Amer.  Ann.  Reg.,  1826-27, 
p.  339-341.  Gov.  Gore  left  to  Harvard  College  a  bequest 
amounting  to  nearly  one  hundred  thousand  dollars. 

Gore,  Henry.     Elements  of  S.  Geometry,  1733,  Svo. 

Gore,  John.     Serm.,  Phil.  iv.  11,  Lon.,  1634,  4to. 

Gore,  Montagu.  Some  Remarks  on  the  Foreign 
Relations  of  England  at  the  present  Crisis,  Lon.,  1838, 
Svo.  Reviewed  by  Lord  Brougham  in  the  Edin.  Rev., 
Ixviii.  495-537 ;  and  in  his  Contrib.  to  the  Edin.  Rev., 
vol.  ii.  132-184,  1856. 

Gore,  R.  T.,  of  the  Roy.  Coll.  of  Surgeons,  London. 
Trans,  of  J.  F.  Blumenbach's  Elements  of  Natural  His 
tory.  From  the  10th  German  ed.  New  ed.,  Lon.,  1826,  Svo. 

"  It  is,  indeed,  remarkable  for  its  clear  arrangement,  and  for  the 
immense  quantity  of  interesting  and  valuable  information  it  con 
tains,  condensed  into  a  small  compass.  It  is  altogether  the  best 
Elementary  Book  on  Natural  History,  in  any  language." — Law 
rence's  Lectures. 

A  trans,  of  Blumenbach's  System  of  Comparative  Ana 
tomy,  with  addits.  by  W.  Lawrence,  was  pub.  in  1807,  Svo. 

Gore,  Thomas,  1631-1684,  a  heraldic  writer,  a  na 
tive  of  Aldertou, Wiltshire,  was  educated  at  Magdalen  Coll., 
Oxf.,  and  was  subsequently  for  a  short  time  an  inmate 
of  Lincoln's  Inn.  1.  A  Table  showing  how  to  Blazon  a 
Coat  ten  several  ways,  1655 ;  a  single  folio  sheet,  copied 
from  Sir  John  Feme,  q.  v.  2.  Nomenclator  Geographicus, 
Ac.,  Oxon.,  1667,  Svo.  3.  Series  Alphabetica,  Latino- 
Anglica,  Nomina  Gentilitiorum,  sive  Cognominum  plumi- 
rarum  Familiarum,  quas  multos  per  Annos  in  Anglia 
floruere,  Ac.,  1667,  Svo.  4.  Catalogus  in  certa  Capita,  seu 
Classes,  alphabetic©  ordine  concinnatus,  plerouumque 
omnium  Authorum  (tarn  antiquorum  quam  recentiorum) 
qui  de  re  Heraldica,  Latine,  Gallice,  Ital.,  Hispan.,  Germ., 
Anglice,  scripserunt:  Ac.,  1668,  4to.  With  enlargements, 
1674,  4to.  In  this  catalogue  raisonnee — for  such  it  is — we 
have  simply  the  names  of  the  authors,  and  brief  titles  of 
their  productions. 

"  This  work  displayed  much  talent,  and  the  books  were  classed 
in  a  scientific  method;  but  the  list  was  confined  entirely  to  an 
•numeration  of  the  names  of  authors,  and  brief  titles  of  their 
works.  The  tract  has  become  so  exceedingly  scarce,  that  it  is  now 
to  be  found  in  very  few  libraries,  and  its  purchase  is  only  to  be 
obtained  at  a  price  considerably  above  its  intrinsic  value.' 
Movie's  Bibl.  Heraldica,  (Pref.)  q.  v. 

5.  Loyalty  Displayed  and  Falsehood  Unmasked,  Lon., 
16S1,  4to.  See  Athen.Oxon. ;  Lon.  Gent.  Mag.,  vol.  Ixii. 

Goree,  Father.    A  New  Island;  Phil.  Trans.,  1711. 

Gorges,  Sir  Arthur.  Transcript,  Ac.  rel.  to  an 
office  called  the  Public  Register  for  General  Commerce, 
Lon.,  1611,  '12,  4to. 

Gorges,  Sir  Ferdinando,  d.  1647,  Proprietor  of 
the  Province  of  Maine,  was  the  Governor  of  Plymouth, 
and  an  early  member  of  the  Plymouth  Company  in  Eng 
land.  He  expended  £20,000  in  his  American  enterprises. 
A  narrative  of  his  proceedings  relative  to  the  settlement 
of  New  England  will  be  found  in  his  grandson  Ferdinando 


GOR 

Gorges's  America  Painted  to  the  Life.     See  Belknap'a 
Biog.  of  Gorges ;  Bancroft's  Hist,  of  America. 

Gorges,  Ferdinando,  grandson  of  the  preceding 
and  inheritor  of  his  interests  in  New  England,  pub.  a  de 
scription  of  New  England,  entitled  America  Painted  to 
the  Life,  Lon.,  1659,  4to ;  pub.  at  £1  1«.  It  is  seldom 
found  complete :  see  collation  in  Lowndes's  Bibl.  Man. 
Johnson's  Wonder-Working  Providence  is  annexed  to  some 
copies,  and  the  History  of  the  Spaniards'  Proceedings,  Ac., 
is  sometimes  found  separate. 

Gorham,  George  Cornelius,  Vicar  of  Brampford- 
Speke,  Devon.  1.  Public  Worship,  Lon.,  1809.  2.  Pro 
ceedings  rel.  to  2d  Anniv.  Camb.  Bible  Society,  1814. 
3.  Hist,  and  Antiq.  of  Eynesbury  and  St.  Neot's  in  Hun 
tingdonshire,  and  of  St.  Neot's  in  County  of  Cornwall, 
Lon.,  1820,  Svo.  3.  A  Statement  submitted  to  the  Mem 
bers  of  the  Brit,  and  For.  Bible  Soc.  on  the  impropriety 
of  circulating  the  Apocryphal  Books  indiscriminately  inter 
mingled  with  the  inspired  writings,  1825,  Svo. 

"  Deserving  of  a  place  in  the  student's  library,  on  account  of  the 
various  and  interesting  information  which  it  contains  relative  to 
the  literary  History  of  the  Apocrypha.  The  second  edition  is  the 
best."— .Home's  Bibl.  Bib. 

It  elicited  two  Letters  from  L.  Von  Ess,  D.D.,  which 
were  pub.,  with  Mr.  Gorham's  Reply,  1826,  Svo.  See 
Home,  ubi  supra.  But  the  name  of  Gorham  is  suggestive 
of  another  controversy — with  the  Bishop  of  Exeter  and 
his  advocates,  on  the  efficacy  of  Infant  Baptism — which 
has  excited  great  interest  both  at  home  and  abroad. 
Respecting  this  matter,  we  refer  the  reader  to  the  Exa 
mination  of  Mr.  Gorham  before  the  Bishop  of  Exeter, 
1848,  Svo;  The  Gorham  Case  Complete,  5th  ed.,  1850, 
12mo ;  The  Gorham  Case,  by  E.  F.  Moore,  1852,  r.  ISmo ; 
The  Judicial  Com.  of  the  Privy  Council,  and  petition  for 
a  Church  Tribunal  in  lieu  of  it,  1850,  Svo;  and  an  elabo 
rate  review  of  The  Gorham  Controversy  in  Edin.  Rev., 
xcii.  263-292. 

Gorham,  John,  M.D.,  of  Boston,  Mass.,  d.  1829, 
aged  46,  adjunct  Prof,  of  Chemistry  and  Materia  Medica 
at  Cambridge,  1809;  of  Chemistry  and  Mineralogy,  1816. 
1.  Inaug.  Address,  1817.  2.  Elements  of  Chemical  Science, 
1819,  2  vols.  Svo.  3.  Con.  on  Sugar  to  Thorn.  Ann.  Philos., 
1817. 

Gorham,  Wm.  Dividing  the  Land  of  Israel,  Ac.,  Lon., 
1688.  This  is  by  some  supposed  to  be  the  production  of 
Thos.  Rannew. 

Goring,  C.  Thoughts  on  Revelations,  Ac.,  Lon., 
1807,  Svo. 

"  Shewing  the  unity  of  the  prophecies  of  Daniel  and  Esdras  with 
the  Apocalypse ;  and  their  clear  explanation  of  the  events  which 
are  now  acting  in  Christendom." — Lowndes's  Bibl.  Man. 

Goring,  Col.  His  Declaration  rel.  to  the  late  Con 
spiracy,  Ac.,  1641,  4to. 

Gorrie,  Rev.  P.  Douglass,  b.  1813,  at  Glasgow, 
Scotland,  emigrated  to  the  U.  States,  1820.  1.  Essay  011 
Episcopal  Succession.  2.  Lives  of  Eminent  Methodist 
Ministers  in  Europe  and  America,  pp.  400.  3.  Black 
River  Conference  Memorial,  pp.  350.  4.  The  Churches 
and  Sects  in  the  U.  States,  N.  York,  1850, 12mo.  5.  Epis 
copal  Methodism  as  it  was  and  is,  Auburn,  1852, 12mo. 

Gorton,  John.  1.  500  Ques.  on  Goldsmith's  Hist  of 
Eng.,  Lon.,  1815,  18mo.  2.  Populat.  Returns  of  G.  Brit. 
for  1831,  Svo.  3.  A  General  Biographical  Dictionary, 
1828-30,  2  vols.  Svo.  Pub.  in  numbers.  Enlarged,  1833, 
3  vols.  Svo ;  1841,  3  vols.  Svo.  New  ed.,  with  a  Supp.  to 
1850,  edited  by  Cyrus  Redding,  1851,  4  vols.  Svo. 

Notices  of  first  ed. : 

"  This  Dictionary  is  peculiarly  valuable  as  a  work  of  reference 
for  the  general  reader,  on  account  of  information  respecting  pro 
minent  characters  that  have  figured  on  the  stage  of  life  being  more 
its  object  than  an  alphabetical  list  of  individuals  of  various  note 
and  merit ;  and  upon  this  ground  particularly  it  has  a  claim  to 
distinguished  notice.  Impartiality  is  another  recommendation ; 
and,  as  far  as  we  have  observed,  this  spirit  is  very  creditably  main 
tained  throughout." — Lon.  New  Month.  Mag.  » 

"  Mr.  Gorton's  publication  is  altogether  one  of  great  excellence, 
calculated  to  be  useful  to  a  large  number  of  students,  and  deserv 
ing  extensive  popularity.  We  may  also  mention  that  it  is  suffi 
ciently  large  to  contain  every  thing  necessary,  but  not  too  exten 
sive  for  the  ordinary  purposes  of  study;  filling,  in  this  respect,  an 
open  space  in  the  fields  of  biographical  literature."— ion.  Athe 
naeum. 

4.  A  New  Topographical  Dictionary  of  G.  Brit,  and  Ire 
land,  with  maps  by  Sidney  Hall,  1830-33,  3  vols.  Svo  and 
1  vol.  4to.  Pub.  in  numbers.  See  Lon.  Month.  Rev., 
June,  1830,  305. 

Gorton,  Samuel,  d.  1677,  at  an  advanced  age,  a 
native  of  Gorton,  England,  emigrated  to  New  England  in 
1636,  and  excited  great  opposition  by  the  theological 
opinions  which  he  preached.  For  particulars  respecting 
his  career  and  writings,  the  reader  is  referred  to  his  bio- 

7W 


GOS 

graphy,  by  John  M.  Mackie,  in  Sparks's  Amer.  Biog.,  2d 
series,  v.  317-411.  1.  Simplicitie's  Defence  against  Seven- 
Headed  Policy,  Lon.,  1640,  sm.  4to ;  2d  ed.  1647.  It  was 
answered  by  Governor  Edward  Winslow,  1646.  Win  slow 
also  pub.  A  Narrative  of  Disturbances  made  in  New  Eng 
land  by  Samuel  Gorton  and  his  accomplices,  1649,  4to. 
Simplicitie's  Defence  was  repub.  in  vol.  ii.  Trans.  R. 
Island  Hist.  Soc.  2.  An  Incorruptible  Key,  composed  of 
the  CX.  Psalme,  Ac.,  sm.  4to.  3.  Saltmarsh  returned  from 
the  Dead,  Ac.,  1655,  sm.  4to.  4.  An  Antidote  against  the 
Common  Plague  of  the  World,  Ac.,  1657.  5.  Certain 
Copies  of  Letters,  Ac.  He  also  left  some  works  in  manu 
script. 

Gosdan,  Bookbinder,  St.  Martin's  Lane.  Songs  of 
the  Chase,  Racing,  Ac.;  2d  ed.,  1813,  8vo. 

Gosling,  Mrs.  Jane.  1.  Moral  Essays  and  Reflec 
tions,  Sheffield,  1789,  8vo.  2.  Ashdale  Village;  a  Moral 
Work  of  Fancy,  1794,  2  vols.  12mo. 

"  The.  writer  appears  to  possess  very  just  ideas  concerning  the 
female  character,  and,  through  the  medium  of  her  fictitious  tale, 
which  is  chiefly  domestic,  conveys  useful  hints  to  parents  and 
children  on  the  important  subject  of  female  education."— Lon. 
Month.  Rev.,  xv.  109. 

Gosling,  Robert.  Trans,  of  Desault's  Parisian  Chi- 
rurg.  Jour.,  Lon.,  1794,  2  vols.  8vo. 

Gosnell,  Thomas  K.  Book-keeping,  Lon.,  1796, 4to. 

Goswold,  Paul.     Serm.,  Oxon.,  1644,  4to. 

Goss,  Prothesia  S.  1.  The  Philanthropist,  Lon., 
12mo.  2.  Spirit  of  Sectarianism.  3.  The  Piedmontese 
Envoy ;  or,  The  Men,  Manners,  and  Religion  of  the  Com 
monwealth,  1844,  12mo. 

"An  agreeably-written  picture  of  the  times  of  the  Common 
wealth."— ion.  Spectator. 

Gosse,  Philip  Henry,  b.  1810,  at  Worcester,  Eng 
land,  was  removed  in  infancy  to  Poole,  in  Dorsetshire. 
He  resided  eight  years  in  Newfoundland,  three  years  in 
Lower  Canada,  and  one  year  in  Alabama.  1.  The  Cana 
dian  Naturalist,  Lon.,  1840,  p.  8vo ;  44  illust. 

"This  work  contains  the  observations  of  the  author  when  wan 
dering,  throughout  the  seasons  of  several  years,  in  the  woods  and 
fields  of  Lower  Canada." — Advertisement. 

"An  elegant  volume,  comprising  much  information,  the  result 
of  local  knowledge." — Asiatic  Journal. 

"Replete  with  interesting  observation  and  good  feeling.  The 
wood-cuts  are  real  ornaments  to  a  text  which  could  well  afford  to 
stand  without  embellishment." — Colonial  Magazine. 

"A  more  delightful  and  instructive  book  for  readers  of  all  ages 
can  scarcely  be  conceived."—  United  Service  Gazette. 

2.  Birds  of  Jamaica,  1847,  p.  8vo.   Illust.  to  do.,  imp.  8vo. 

"  A  very  attractive  and  original  volume,  valuable  to  the  natu 
ralist  for  its  information,  and  acceptable  to  the  general  reader  for 
its  lifelike  descriptions  of  the  habits  of  the  birds  and  the  land 
scapes  in  which  they  are  found,  as  well  as  for  incidental  glimpses 
of  colonial  manners  and  habits." — Lon.  Spectator. 

3.  Nat.  Hist,  of  Birds,  Mammals,  Reptiles,  and  Fishes, 
1848-51,  4  vols.  fp.  8vo.     4.  Ocean  Described.     New  ed., 
1849,    12mo.     5.  British   Ornithology;    70   col'd   illust., 
1849,  sq.     New  ed.  1853. 

"This  was  a  book  much  wanted,  and  will  prove  a  boon  of  nc 
common  value,  containing,  as  it  does,  the  names,  descriptions,  an<3 
habits  of  all  the  British  birds,  handsomely  got  up." — Lon.  Mirror 
6.  Rivers  of  the  Bible,  illustrated,  1850,  p.  8vo;  2d  ed 
1854.  7.  Hist,  of  the  Jews,  1851,  p.  8vo.  8.  A  Naturalist's 
Sojourn  in  Jamaica,  1851,  p.  8vo.  9.  Text-Book  of  Zoo 
logy  for  Schools,  1851,  12mo.  10.  Assyria,  1852,  p.  8vo 
11.  A  Naturalist's  Rambles  on  the  Devonshire  Coast 
1853,  p.  8vo.  12.  The  Aquarium ;  an  Unveiling  of  th 
Wonders  of  the  Deep,  1854,  8vo. 

"If  it  once  gets  a  lodgment  in  drawing-room  or  school-room,  we 
may  safely  trust  to  every  boy  and  girl  of  spirit  that  there  will  be 
very  little  peace  in  that  devoted  household  till  it  has  made  an 
attempt  at  an  Aquarium." — Blackwood's  Mag.,  Aug.  1855.  See 
13.  A  Hand-Book  of  the  Marine  Aquarium,  1855, 12mo 
14»  Manual  of  Marine  Zoology,  1855-56.  15.  Tenby ;  a 
Sea-Side  Holiday,  1856.  16.  Introduc.  to  Zoology,  1856 
2  yols.  17.  Omphalos :  an  Attempt  to  Untie  the  Geologica 
Knot,  1857.  18.  Hist,  of  Brit.  Sea-Anemones,  Ac.,  1858,  8vo 
Gosson,  Stephen,  1554-1623,  a  divine  and  poet,  a 
native  of  Kent,  educated  at  Christ  Church,  Oxf.,  becam 
Rector  of  St.  Botolph,  Bishopsgate  Street,  London,  which 
post  he  retained  until  his  death.  It  is  much  to  his  credi 
that  he  was  distinguished  for  his  opposition  to  the  dra 
matic  entertainments  of  the  day.  1.  The  Schoole  of  Abuse 
conteining  a  plesaunt  invective  against  Poetes,  Pipers 
Players,  Jesters,  and  such  like  Caterpillars  of  a  Common 
wealth,  Lon.,  1579,  16mo;  1585,  '87,  4to.  One  of  th 
earliest  treatises  against  the  stage.  Reprinted  in  vol.  iiL 
of  the  Somers  Collection  of  Tracts.  2.  The  Ephemeride 
of  Phialo,  deuided  into  three  books,  1579,  16mo ;  1585  o 
1586,  16mo.  3.  Plays  confuted  in  fiue  Actions,  prouin 
that  they  are  not  to  be  suffred  in  a  Christian  Common 
weale,  1580,  8vo.  4.  The  Trumpet  of  Warre;  a  Serm 
710 


GOU 

n  2  Chron.  xx.  20,  1598,  8vo.  Gosson  also  wrote,  be- 
des  minor  poetical  pieces,  the  three  following  dramas, 
which  were  not  printed :  5.  Catiline's  Conspiracies.  6. 
)he  Comedie  of  Captain  Mario.  7.  Praise  at  Parting ; — 
lorality. 

"  He  was  noted  for  his  admirable  penning  of  pastorals,  being  so 
xcellent  therein  that  he  was  ranked  (by  Meres  in  his  Wit's  Trea- 
urie,  1598)  with  Sir  Ph.  Sidney,  Tho.  Chaloner,  Edm.  Spencer, 
\.brah.  Fraunce,  and  Rich.  Bernfield,  noted  poets  of  their  time."— 
then.  Oxon. 

Gostelo,  Walter.  1.  Letter  to  the  Lord  Protector, 
Lon.,  1654,  fol.  2.  Charles  Stewart  and  Oliver  Cromwell 
nited,  1655,  8vo.  3.  The  Coming  of  God  in  Mercy,  in 
rengeance ;  beginning  with  Fire,  to  convert  or  consume, 
,t  this  so  sinful  City  London:  oh!  London,  London, 
658,  8vo. 

"  The  medical  term  hallucination,  as  defined  by  Dr.  Ferrar  in  his 
cientific  and  rational  Theory  of  Apparitions,  may  be  well  applied 
o  describe  the  state  of  the  author's  mind  when  he  wrote  this 
ingular  book."— Iteslituta,  iii.  100-120,  where  see  copious  extracts. 
Gostling,  Win.,  1705-1777,  Vicar  of  Stone,  in  the 
island  of  Oxney,  and  minor  canon  of  the  cathedral  of 
Canterbury.     1.  A  Walk  in  and  about  the  City  of  Canter- 
ury,  Lon.,  1774,   8vo.     Enlarged,   Canterb.,   1777,  8vo. 
2.  On  a  Fire  Ball,  Ac.,  Phil.  Trans.,  1741. 
Gostwyke,  Roger.    Trans,  of  Polanus's  treat,  on 
redestination,  Camb.,  1599,  8vo. 
Gostwyke,  Wm.     Serms.,  1685,  '92,  '96,  all  4to. 
Goswell,  John.    Discourses,  1715,  8vo. 
Gosynhyll,  Edward.     The  Prayse  of  all  Women, 
5alled  Muleru  Pean.    Very  fruytfull  and  delectable  vnto 
11  the  reders. 

"  Loke  and  rede  who  that  can, 

This  booke  is  prayse  to  eche  woman." 

Lon.,  sine  anno,  (1544?)  4to,  pp.  40.  Black-letter. 
Very  rare.  Bibl.  Anglo-Poet.,  917,  £31  10*;  resold  at 
Saunders's,  in  1818,  £22  1*.  Hibbert,  3482,  £11  11«. 
The  poet  was  not  ashamed  of  his  performance,  for  he 
concludes  with — 

"  Yf  question  be  moved  who  is  thyne  authour, 
Be  not  addrad  to  utter  his  name, 
Say  EDWARDE  GOSYNHYLL  toke  the  labour,"  Ac. 
Gotch,  F.  W.      On  the  word  BAIlTlZil,  Ac.,  Lon., 
Bvo,  «.  a. 

Gother,  John,  d.  1704,  a  native  of  Southampton, 
a  member  of  the  Church  of  England,  became  a  Roman 
Catholic  priest,  resided  chiefly  in  London,  and  wrote  a 
number  of  controversial  works.  His  style  is  commended 
by  Dryden  as  a  masterpiece.  His  principal  work,  A 
Papist  Misrepresented  and  Represented,  1665,  4to,  which 
was  answered  by  Sherlock,  Stillingfleet,  Ac.,  we  have 
already  noticed,  (see  CHALLONER,  RICHARD,  D.D.,)  and 
refer  the  reader  to  Lowndes's  Brit.  Lib.,  1087,  1088.  His 
Nubes  Testium,  1686,  4to,  also  excited  some  controversy. 
See  Lowndes's  Brit.  Lib.,  1089.  A  new  ed.  of  his  Sincere 
Christian's  Guide  in  the  Choice  of  Religion  was  pub.  in 
1804,  ISmo.  A  new  ed.  of  his  Lessons  on  the  Feasts  was 
put  forth  by  Husenbeth,  1846,  2  vols.  12mo.  A  new  ed. 
of  his  Sinner's  Complaint  to  God  was  pub.  by  Mr.  Dol 
man,  bookseller,  London,  1839,  12mo.  There  have  been 
various  eds.  of  separate  treatises  of  Gother's ;  and  a  col 
lective  ed.  of  his  Spiritual  Works,  consisting  of  his  Moral 
and  Devotional  Writings,  appeared  in  1790,  16  vols.  12mo, 
Newcastle.  To  his  literary  merits  we  have  the  following 
testimony  by  an  eminent  authority : 

"The  reader  of  Gother's  works  will,  perhaps,  think  with  the 
present  writer,  that  no  composition  in  the  English  language  ap 
proaches  nearer  to  the  severe  and  nervous  simplicity  of  the  best 
writings  of  the  Dean  of  St.  Patrick's."— CHARLES  BUTLER. 

Gotselin,  d.  1098,  a  Frenchman,  a  monk  of  the  mo 
nastery  of  St.  Berlin,  was  brought  to  England  by  Here- 
man  in  1058,  and  became  a  monk  of  Canterbury.  His 
principal  work  was  a  series  of  lives  and  miracles  of  Saints 
more  especially  connected  with  Canterbury.  For  an  ac 
count  of  Gotselin,  his  works,  and  edits,  of  them,  we  refer 
the  reader  to  Wright's  Biog.  Brit.  Lit. 

«  We  find  little  original  matter  of  any  importance  in  Gotselin's 
biographies.  They  consist  chiefly  of  inflated  versions  of  the 
simpler  style  of  the  older  writers;  on  which  account  Fabricius 
compares  him  to  the  Greek  hagiographer  Simeon  Metaphrastes."— 
Wright's  Biog.  Brit.  Lit. 

Gott,  Samuel.  An  Essay  of  the  True  Happiness 
of  Man,  Lon.,  1650,  8vo. 

Gouge,  Thomas,  1605-1681,  a  native  of  Bow,  justly 
celebrated  for  his  zeal  in  good  works,  was  the  son  of  Wil 
liam  Gouge,  D.D.  He  was  educated  at  Eton  School  and 
King's  Coll.,  Camb.,  of  whwh  he  became  Fellow.  In  1638 
he  was  presented  to  St.  Sepulchre's,  and  laboured  there 
zealously  in  the  discharge  of  his  ministerial  duties  until 
1662,  when  the  Act  of  Uniformity  silenced  his  preaching. 
He  now  devoted  himself  to  the  propagation  of  religion, 


GOU 

especially  in  Wales,  where  his  schools  soon  numbered  in 
time  between  300  and  400,  all  of  which  he  visited  at  least 
once  every  year.  He  had  printed  8000  copies  of  the  Bible 
in  Welsh,  and  had  trans,  into  the  same  language  The 
Practice  of  Piety,  The  Whole  Duty  of  Man,  The  Church 
Catechism,  Ac.  He  used  to  say  that  he  had  "  two  livings 
which  he  would  not  exchange  for  two  of  the  greatest  in 
England."  He  referred  to  Wales  and  to  Christ's  Hospital, 
London,  where  he  instructed  the  children  in  the  principles 
of  religion.  But  time — and  surely  our  space — would  fail 
to  tell  the  tenth  part  of  this  good  man's  efforts  for  the 
glory  of  God  and  the  salvation  of  man.  When  at  last 
called,  at  the  ripe  age  of  seventy-seven,  to  rest  from  his 
labours,  his  death  was  regarded  as  a  public  loss.  The 
great  Dr.  Tillotson,  who  preached  a  most  affecting  sermon 
in  honour  of  his  memory,  declared  that, 

"All  things  considered,  there  have  not  since  the  primitive  times 
of  Christianity  been  many  among  the  Sons  of  Men  to  whom  that 
glorious  Character  of  the  Son  of  God  might  be  better  applied — that 
he.  went  about  doing  good.    And  Wales  may  as  worthily  boast  of 
this  truly  Apostolical  Man  as  of  their  famous  St.  David." 
We  have  other  testimonies  to  the  same  effect: 
"  But  Mr.  Gouge's  most  eminent  distinction  was  his  unwearied 
diligence  in  doing  good,  in  which  he  had  a  most  singular  sagacity 
and  prudence  in  contriving  the  most  effectual  means  for  it." — DR. 
THOMAS  BIRCH  :  Life  of  Archbishop  Tillotson. 

"  I  never  heard  any  one  person,  of  whatever  rank,  sort,  or  sect 
soever,  speak  one  word  to  his  dishonour,  or  name  any  fault  that 
they  charged  on  his  life  and  doctrine."— RICHARD  BAXTER  :  Narra 
tive  of  his  own  Life  and  Times. 

"The  excellent  Gouge!  .  .  .  My  honoured  Gouge!  ...  It  is 
lamentable  to  see  the  ignorance  and  wickedness  yet  remaining 
even  in  many  parts  of  the  British  dominions  in  Wales,  in  the 
Highlands,  and  in  Ireland.  Are  the  Gouges  all  dead?" — COTTON 
MATHER  :  Essays  to  do  Good. 

This  excellent  man  pub.  a  biography  of  his  father,  pre 
fixed  to  the  works  of  the  latter,  1665.  Several  serms., 
1663,  '73,  '77,  '79.  The  Principles  of  the  Christian  Re 
ligion  Explained,  1679.  The  Young  Man's  Guide  to 
Heaven,  Christian  Directions,  and  A  Word  to  Sinners  and 
a  Word  to  Saints,  1681.  An  accession  serm.  was  pub. 
after  his  death,  1717;  and  a  collective  ed.  of  his  works, 
with  Dr.  Tillotson's  Funeral  Serm.,  was  pub.  in  1706,  8vo. 
"Gouge's  Works  are,  like  their  venerable  author,  full  of  piety, 
charity,  humility,  and  moderation ;  in  a  word,  full  of  practical 
wisdom,  accompanied  with  zeal  for  the  glory  of  God  and  the  salva 
tion  of  souls." — Williams' s  C.  P. 

Of  The  Surest  and  Safest  Way  of  Thriving,  viz.,  by 
Charity  to  the  Poor;  a  Serm.  on  Matt.  x.  41,  42,  1673,  4to. 
A  new  ed.  was  issued  in  1852,  18mo;  and  another  in  the 
present  month,  May,  1856,  fp.  8vo,  with  Prefatory  Remarks 
by  Baxter,  and  Drs.  Owen,  Manton,  Bates,  and  T.  Binney, 
and  a  Sketch  of  the  Author's  Life  by  the  latter.  The  Young 
Man's  Guide  to  Heaven  has  also  been  republished.  The 
practice  of  this  good  man  in  the  matter  of  "giving,"  ac 
corded  with  his  precept :  for  when  his  annual  income  was 
reduced  to  £150,  he  gave  away  the  £100  and  lived  on  the 
£50. 

Gouge,  William,  D.D.,  1575-1653,  a  native  of  Bow, 
father  of  the  preceding,  was  educated  at  Eton  School  and 
King's  Coll.,  Camb.;  Rector  of  St.  Ann,  Blackfriars,  Lon 
don,  1608-53;  one  of  the  Assembly  of  Divines,  1643.  He 
was  one  of  those  who  protested  against  the  murder  of 
Charles  I.  1.  The  World's  Great  Restoration,  (written  by 
H.  Finch,)  Lon.,  1621,  4to.  2.  Explan.  of  the  Lord's 
Prayer,  1626,  4to.  3.  Domestical  Duties,  1626,  fol.  4.  The 
Whole  Armour  of  God,  1627,  fol.  5.  Works,  in  4  parts, 
1627,  fol.  6.  God's  Three  Arrows,  1631,  4to.  7.  Com 
ment,  on  Ps.  cxvi.,  1632, 4to.  8.  Serm.,  1642, 4to.  9.  Serm., 
1646,  4to.  10.  Comment,  on  the  Hebrews,  with  Life  of 
Thomas  Gouge,  1655,  2  vols.  fol.  This  excellent  work 
contains  the  substance  of  nearly  one  thousand  sermons 
delivered  on  lectures  on  Wednesday  for  thirty  years  ! 

"  A  very  full,  evangelical,  and  practical  commentary."— Bicker- 
steth's  C.  S. 

"  Gouge  was  a  learned  and  pious  divine,  and  a  good  textman : 
he  was  counted  (whilst  he  lived)  the  father  of  the  London  minis 
ters." — LEIGH. 

"  For  forty-five  years  he  was  the  laborious,  the  exemplary,  and 
the  much-loved  minister  of  St.  Anne's,  Blackfriars,  where  none 
ever  thought  or  spoke  ill  of  him  but  such  as  were  inclined  to 
think  or  speak  ill  of  religion  itself." — GRANGER. 

Gouge,  William  M.,  b.  Nov.  10,  1796,  at  Phila 
delphia,  was  for  many  years  engaged  in  the  preparation 
of  the  Documents  in  the  Treasury  Department  of  the  U.  S. 
1.  A  Short  History  of  Paper  Money  and  Banking  in  the 
U.  S.,  including  An  Inquiry  into  the  Principles  of  the 
System,  with  considerations  of  its  effects  on  Morals  and 
Happiness,  Philada.,  1833,  12mo,  pp.  396 ;  2d  ed.,  Philad., 
1842.  This  work  has  attracted  considerable  attention 
throughout  Europe  and  America.  A  mutilated  edition  of 
the  first  part  was  republished  in  England  by  Wm.  Cobbett, 


GOU 

under  the  title  of  "The  Curse  of  Paper  Money."  An 
ibridgment  of  the  work  appeared  in  La  Revue  Univer- 
elle,  Brussels.  See  McCulloch's  Lit.  of  Polit.  Econ.  2.  An 
Inquiry  into  the  Expediency  of  dispensing  with  Bank 
Agency  and  with  Bank  Paper  in  the  Fiscal  Concerns  of 
he  U.  States,  1837,  pp.  56.  3.  History  of  the  American 
Banking  System,  12mo,  N.  Y.,  1835.  4.  The  Fiscal  His 
tory  of  Texas,  8vo,  pp.  327,  Philad.,  1852.  Mr.  Gouge 
las  edited  several  journals,  and  has  contributed  for  the 
ast  thirty  years  many  valuable  articles  on  banks  and 
ranking  to  various  journals  of  the  Union. 

Gough,  C.  J.     Serm.,  Lon.,  1794,  4to. 

Gongh,  J.  The  Strange  Discovery;  a  Tragi-Comedy, 
Lon.,  1640,  4to. 

Gough,  J.     Discourse,  Ac.,  1789,  '91,  both  8vo. 

Gough,  John.  1.  Godly  Boke,  Lon.,  1561,  16mo. 
2.  Answer  to  Freeman,  1570,  8vo. 

Gough,  John.  Ecclesiae  Anglicanae  Threnodia.  In 
qua  perturbatissimus  Regni  et  Ecclesiae  Status  sub  Ana- 
baptistica  Tyrannida  lugetur,  Londini,  1661,  8vo. 

Gough,  John.  Hist  of  the  Quakers,  from  their  first 
Rise  to  the  present  time ;  compiled  from  authentic  Records 
and  from  the  Writings  of  that  People,  Dubl.,  1789-90,  4 
vols.  8vo. 

Gough,  John.  1.  Positions  of  Sonorous  Bodies, 
1807.  2.  Con.  to  Nicholson's  Jour.,  1798-1813.  See  Bibl. 
Brit. 

Gough,  John  B.,  a  celebrated  temperance  lecturer, 
b.  1817,  at  Sandgate,  in  Kent,  England,  removed  to  the 
United  States  at  the  age  of  twelve  years,  has  pub.  his 
Autobiography,  Lon.,  1846,  '53,  18mo,  and  his  Orations, 
1854,  18mo.  A  Sketch  of  his  Life,  by  Rev.  W.  Reid,  was 
pub.  in  1854,  sq. 

Mr.  Gough  has  accomplished  an  incalculable  amount 
of  good  by  his  advocacy  of  the  only  remedy  for  nine-tenths 
of  the  crime  and  pauperism  which  afflict  Great  Britain 
and  the  United  States.  See  BEECHER,  LYMAN,  D.D. 

Gough,  Richard,  1735-1809,  "The  Camden  of  the 
18th  century,"  has  been  already  noticed  in  our  article  on 
the  illustrious  antiquary  just  named ;  but  a  detailed  ac 
count  of  Mr.  Gough  and  his  labours — principally  from  his 
own  pen — will  be  found  in  Nichols's  Lit.  Anec.,  vi.  262— 
343 ;  and  see  other  vols.  of  that  excellent  work.  He  was 
a  native  of  London,  educated  at  Bene't  Coll.,  Camb.;  and, 
being  the  inheritor  of  a  large  fortune,  devoted  his  life  to 
the  zealous  prosecution  of  antiquarian  research.  Among 
his  principal  works,  in  addition  to  his  edit,  of  the  Bri 
tannia,  already  particularly  noticed  by  us,  are,  1.  Anecdotes 
of  British  Topography,  Lon.,  1768,  4to.  Enlarged,  1780,  2 
vols.  4to.  This  last  impression  was  corrected  with  a  view 
to  a  third  ed.,  and  presented  to  the  author's  friend,  John 
Nichols : 

"  Who  will  readily  relinquish  his  right  if  the  respectable  Cura 
tors  of  the  Oxford  Press  think  proper  to  undertake  a  new  Edition." 
Nichols's  Lit.  Anec.,  vi.  273. 

Respecting  this  subject,  see  Preface,  p.  2,  to  Mr.  Up- 
cott's  Bibliographical  Account  of  the  Principal  Works  re 
lating  to  English  Topography,  Lon.,  1818,  3  vols.  8vo. 
2.  Sepulchral  Monuments  in  Great  Britain,  applied  to  illus 
trate  the  History  of  Families,  Manners,  Habits,  and  Arts 
at  the  different  periods  from  the  Norman  Conquest  to  the 
17th  century.  Vol.  i.,  containing  the  first  four  centuries 
from  the  Conquest,  1786,  fol.  Vol.  ii.,  containing  the  15th 
century,  1796,  fol.  Introduction  to  vol.  ii.,  1799.  Vol.  ii. 
consists  of  three  Parts,  and  the  whole  work  is  generally 
described  as  in  3  vols.  fol.,  bound  in  5.  Many  copies  of 
this  work,  particularly  of  the  3d  vol.,  were  destroyed  by 
fire,  and  the  whole  work  is  seldom  found  free  from  stains. 
A  perfect  set  is  worfh  from  £55  to  £62,  according  to  bind 
ing  and  condition.  See  collation  in  Lowndes's  Bibl.  Man. 
Mr.  Gough  had  made  extensive  preparations  for  a  new 
edit.,  and  the  drawings,  <fcc.  collected  with  this  design 
form  part  of  his  bequest  to  the  Bodleian  Library.  Its 
appearance  elicited  enthusiastic  commendations,  of  which 
we  quote  some  specimens  : 

"  I  found  here  your  most  magnificent  present  of  the  Second 
Volume  of  Sepulchral  Monuments,  the  most  splendid  work  I  ever 
saw,  and  which  I  congratulate  myself  on  having  lived  long  enough 
to  see.  Indeed,  I  congratulate  my  country  on  its  appearance 
exactly  at  so  illustrious  a  moment,"  &c.— HORACE  WALPOLE. 

"This  truly  magnificent  work  would  alone  have  been  sufficient 
to  perpetuate  his  fame,  and  the  credit  of  the  Arts  in  England: 
where  few  works  of  superior  splendour  have  before  or  since  ap 
peared.  The  independent  master  of  an  ample  fortune,  he  was  in 
all  respects  pre-eminently  qualified  for  the  labours  of  an  Anti 
quary  ;  the  pain  of  whose  researches  can  but  rarely  meet  an  ade 
quate  remuneration.  This  magnificent  work  must  long  ago  have 
convinced  the  world  that  he  possessed  not  only  the  most  inde 
fatigable  perseverance,  but  an  ardour  which  no  expense  could 
possibly  deter."— Nichols's  Lit.  Anec.:  ubi  supra. 


GOU 


GOU 


A  minor  work  (1794, 4to)  of  Mr.  Gough — but  one  of  great 
interest  to  the  bibliographer — is  the  Account  of  the  Bed 
ford  Missal,  presented  by  Henry  VI.  to  the  Duchess  of 
Bedford^  purchased  by  Mr.  Edwards  at  the  Duchess  of 
Portland's  sale.  Mr.  Edwards  gave  for  this  splendid  MS., 
in  1786,  £213.  He  was  twice  or  thrice  offered  500  guineas 
for  it  It  was  purchased  at  his  sale  in  1815,  by  the  Mar 
quis  of  Blandford— the  purchaser  of  the  Valdarfer  Boc 
caccio  for  £2240  !— for  £687  15*.  Mr.  Gough  pronounces 
it  the  finest  example  of  the  art  of  that  period  (opening  of 
the  15th  century)  he  had  ever  seen.  Kefer  to  Gough's 
Account,  Dibdin's  Bibliographical  Decameron,  and  Ed- 
wards's  Sale  Catalogue,  1815.  Mr.  Gough's  library,  prints, 
antiquities,  <fcc.  were  sold  in  1810,  and  produced  £4069 
9*.  6d.  The  bibliographer  must  possess  this  catalogue, 
and  also  the  Catalogue  of  his  Books  relating  to  Topo 
graphy,  &c.  bequeathed  to  the  Bodleian  Library,  Oxf., 
1814,  4to.  The  character  of  this  eminent  antiquary  has 
been  thus  eloquently  sketched  by  Dr.  Dibdin  : 

"  While  the  greater  number  of  his  associates  might  have  been 
emulous  of  distinguishing  themselves  in  the  gaieties  of  the  table 
or  the  chace,  it  was  the  peculiar  feeling  and  master  passion  of 
young  Gough's  mind  to  be  constantly  looking  upon  every  arti 
ficial  object  without  as  food  for  meditation  and  record.  The 
mouldering  turret  and  the  crumbling  arch,  the  moss-covered 
stone  and  the  obliterated  inscription,  served  to  excite,  in  his  mind, 
the  most  ardent  sensations,  and  to  kindle  that  fire  of  antiquarian 
research,  which  afterwards  never  knew  decay  :  which  burnt  with 
undiminished  lustre  at  the  close  of  his  existence,  and  which 
prompted  him,  when  in  the  full  enjoyment  of  his  bodily  faculties, 
to  explore  long-deserted  castles  and  mansions,  to  tread  long- 
neglected  by-ways,  and  to  snatch  from  impending  oblivion  many 
a  precious  relick,  and  many  a  venerable  ancestry.  He  is  the 
CAMDEN  of  modern  times.  He  spared  no  labour,  no  toil,  no  ex- 
pence,  to  obtain  the  best  information ;  and  to  give  it  publicity, 
when  obtained,  in  a  manner  the  most  liberal  and  effective." — 
Ifichols's  Typograph.  Antiq.  of  G.  Brit. 

As  an  evidence  of  Gough's  early  love  of  letters,  we  may 
cite  his  trans,  from  the  French  of  the  History  of  the  Bible 
(160  folio  sheets)  performed  between  the  ages  of  11  and  12£ 
years ;  and  a  trans,  from  the  French  of  Claude  Fleury's  Cus 
tom  of  the  Israelites,  performed  when  in  his  sixteenth  year. 
Gough,  Strickland.     Serms.,  1709,  '13,  '14,  all  8vo. 
Gough,  Strickland.     Serms.,  Ac.,  1733-75,  all  8vo. 
Gough,  Wm.     Londinum  Triumphans ;  or,  an  Hist. 
Acct.  of  the  grand  Influence  the  Actions  of  the  City  of 
London  have  had  upon  the  Affairs  of  the  Nation  for  many 
Ages  past,  Lon.,  1682,  8vo. 

Gough,  \Vm.     Discourses,  1695,  12mo. 
Goughe,  Alex.     The  Queen;  or,  the  Excellency  of 
her  Sex,  Lon,  1653,  4to. 

Goughe,  Hugh.  House  of  Ottomano,  «fcc.,  Lon., 
«.  a.,  8vo. 

Goulburn,  Edward.  1.  The  Blueviad;  a  Satirical 
Poem,  1805,  8vo.  2.  The  Pursuits  of  Fashion ;  a  Satirical 
Poem,  1812.  3.  Edward  de  Montfort ;  a  Nov.,  1812,  3  vols. 
Goulburn,  Edward  Meyrick,  D.D.,  Master  of 
Eugby  School.  1.  Serm.,  1  Sam.  xix.  20,  Lon.,  1849,  8vo. 
2.  The  Doctrine  of  the  Resurrection  of  the  same  Body,  as 
taught  in  Holy  Scripture ;  Eight  Serms. :  Bampton  Lec 
tures,  1850,  Oxf.,  1850,  8vo.  3.  Devotional  Forms,  Lon., 
1851, 12mo.  4.  Treat,  on  Grammar,  1852, 12mo.  5.  Paro 
chial  and  other  Serms.,  Oxf.,  1853,  8vo. 

Gould,  Augustus  Addison,  M.D.,  b.  April  23, 
1805,  at  New  Ipswich,  N.  Hampshire,  received  the  degree 
of  Bachelor  of  Arts  at  Harvard,  1825,  and  of  Doctor  of 
Medicine,  1830.  1.  Lamarck's  Genera  of  Shells,  with  j 
List  of  Species ;  translated  from  the  French,  Bost.,  1833 
12mo.  2.  A  System  of  Natural  History;  containing 
Scientific  and  Popular  Descriptions  of  Various  Animals, 
Ac.,  1833,  r.  8vo.  Of  this  valuable  work  many  editions 
have  been  issued.  3.  Report  on  the  Invcrtebrata  of  Mas 
sachusetts,  Camb.,  1841,  8vo.  4.  Principles  of  Zoology 
by  Louis  Agassiz  and  Augustus  A.  Gould,  Bost.,  1848 
I2mo;  2d  ed.,  revised  and  enlarged,  1851.  This  work  waj 
republished  in  Bonn's  Scientific  Library,  Lon.,  1851 
Trans,  into  German  by  Prof.  Bronn;  pub.  at  Stuttgard 
1851. 

«  The  design  of  this  work  is  to  furnish  an  epitome  of  the  leading 
principles  of  the  science  of  zoology  as  deduced  from  the  present 
state  of  knowledge,  so  illustrated  as  to  be  intelligible  to  the  be 
ginning  student.  No  similar  treatise  exists;  and,  indeed,  some 
of  the  topics  have  not  been  touched  upon  before,  unless  in  a 
Btrictly  technical  form  and  in  scattered  articles."— Extract  from 
the  Preface. 

"  A  work  emanating  from  so  high  a  source  hardly  requires  com 
mendation  to  give  it  currency.  The  volume  is  prepared  for  thf 
student  in  zoological  science;  it  is  simple  and  elementary  in  it 
style,  full  in  its  illustrations,  comprehensive  in  its  range,  yet  wel 
condensed,  and  brought  into  the  narrow  compass  requisite  for  th 
purpose  intended." — Silliman'x  Journal. 

"  This  work  places  us  in  possession  of  information  half  a  century 
In  advance  of  all  our  elementary  works  on  this  subject.  .  .  . 
712 


work  of  the  same  dimensions  has  ever  appeared  iu  the  English 
anguage  containing  so  much  new  and  valuable  information  on 
he  subject  of  which  it  treats." — PROF.  JAMES  HALL,  of  Albany. 
5.  The  Terrestrial  Air-breathing  Mollusks  of  the  United 
tates  and  the  Adjacent  Territories  of  North  America; 
escribed  and  illustrated  by  Amos  Binney,  2  vols.  8vo; 
ext  and  1  vol.  plates,  Boston,  1851-55.  A  Posthumous 
work,  edited  and  completed  by  A.  A.  Gould.  Dr.  Gould 
as  prefixed  to  this  splendid  work  a  biographical  Memoir 
f  its  distinguished  author.  6.  Mollusca  and  Shells  ;  being 
ol.  xii.  of  the  United  States  Exploring  Expedition,  1852", 
to,  with  an  atlas  of  plates,  and  fol.  7.  History  of  New 
pswich,  N.  Hampshire,  from  its  First  Grant  in  1736  to 
852,  by  A.  A.  Gould  and  Frederic  Kidder,  Bost.,  1852, 
vo.  Dr.  Gould  has  edited  and  contributed  many  valuable 
rticles  to  various  scientific  and  medical  journals. 

Gould,  Benjamin  Apthorp,  Jr.,  b.  Sept.  27,  1824, 
n  Boston ;  grad.  at  Harvard  Coll.,  1844,  and  at  Gottingen, 
848;  Associate  Royal  Astronomical  Soc.,  1854;  appointed 
Mrector  of  the  Dudley  Observatory,  Albany,  N.Y.,  1856. 
Dr.  Gould  established  in  1849  the  Astronomical  Journal, 
which  he  edits  with  great  ability.  It  now  (1858)  makes 
our  large  quarto  vols.  The  Solar  Parallax,  (U.S.  Naval 
Astron.  Exp.,)  Washington,  1857,  pp.  230,  4to.  He  has 
ontrib.  to  the  U.S.  Coast  Survey  Reports,  1852-57,  Astro- 
lomische  Nachrichten,  1847-56,  Amer.  Jour,  of  ScL,  Proc. 
Amer.  Assoc.  for  Adv.  of  Science,  N.  Amer.  Rev.,  Chris- 
ian  Examiner,  New  York  Quarterly,  Ac. 

Mr.  Everett,  in  his  Discourse  on  the  Uses  of  Astronomy, 
lelivered  at  Albany  on  the  28th  of  August,  1856,  on  occa- 
ion  of  the  inauguration  of  the  Dudley  Observatory,  notices 
imong  the  happy  auspices  under  which  the  Observatory 
:ommenced  its  history  that  it  was 

committed  to  the  immediate  supervision  of  an  astronomer  (Dr.  B. 
L.  Gould,  Jr.)  to  whose  distinguished  talent  has  been  added  the 
dvautage  of  a  thorough  scientific  education  in  the  most  renowned 
iniversities  of  Europe,  and  who,  as  the  editor  of  the  American 
Lstronomical  Journal,  has  shown  himself  to  be  fully  qualified  for 
he  high  trust." — p.  15. 

Gould,  Edward  S.,  b.  1808,  Litchfield,  Conn.,  a 
nerchant  of  N.  York,  is  a  son  of  the  late  Judge  James 
&ould  of  Connecticut,  author  of  a  celebrated  Treatise  on 
he  Principles  of  Pleading  in  Civil  Actions ;  see  post.  1. 
Travels  in  Egypt;  translated  from  Dumas,  1838.  2.  Demo- 
racy  in  France  ;  trans,  from  Dumas,  1839.  3.  Eugenie 
Jrandet;  trans,  from  Balzac,  1841.  4.  Father  Goriot; 
trans,  from  Balzac,  1842.  5.  The  Sleep-Rider ;  a  burlesque 
tale,  1842.  6.  Abridgment  of  Alison's  Hist,  of  Europe, 
L843.  7.  The  Very  Age ;  a  Comedy,  1850.  Also  a  con- 
.ributor  to  many  literary  and  theological  journals,  and  the 
author  of  several  translations  from  Victor  Hugo  and  A. 
Royer,  in  addition  to  those  above  noted. 

Gould,  Hannah  Flagg,  a  native  of  Lancaster,  Ver 
mont,  removed  in  early  life  to  Newburyport,  Massachu 
setts,  where  she  has  since  resided.  In  1832  she  pub.  a 
vol.  of  poems,  which  had  originally  appeared  in  the  pe 
riodicals  of  the  day.  In  1835  a  second,  and  in  1841  a 
third,  vol.  were  given  to  the  world.  The  number  of  edits, 
of  these  productions  is  the  best  proof  of  the  extensive 
popularity  of  the  author.  Encouraged  by  such  success, 
in  1846  she  pub.  a  collection  of  her  prose  articles,  under 
the  title  of  Gathered  Leaves,  or  Miscellaneous  Papers, 
and  in  1850  favoured  the  reading  public  with  a  volume 
of  New  Poems.  In  the  same  year  appeared  The  Diosma  : 
a  perennial— a  vol.  of  poems  selected  and  original ;— and 
The  Youth's  Coronal,  a  book  of  poems  for  little  people. 
She  has  since  pub.— in  1853— The  Mother's  Dream,  and 
other  poems. 

"  In  truth,  the  great  power  of  her  poetry  is  its  moral  application. 
This  hallows  every  object  she  looks  upon,  and  ennobles  every  in 
cident  she  celebrates.  She  takes  lowly  and  homely  themes,  but 
she  turns  them  to  the  light  of  heaven,  and  they  are  beautiful  and 
refined  and  elevated."— Mrs.  Hates  Woman's  Record. 

See  also  Griswold's  Female  Poets  of  America. 

Gould,  Judge  James,  1770-1838,  educated  at  Yale 
College,  became  widely  known  as  Professor  in  the  Law 
School  at  Litchfield,  Connecticut.  In  1816  he  was  ap 
pointed  Judge  of  the  Superior  Court  and  Supreme  Court 
of  Errors  in  Connecticut.  A  memoir  of  this  distinguished 
ornament  of  the  legal  profession  will  be  found  in  G.  H. 
Hollister's  Hist,  of  Connecticut,  vol.  ii.  A  Treatise  on 
the  Principles  of  Pleading  in  Civil  Actions,  1832,  8vo; 
2d  ed.,  N.York,  1836,  8vo;  3d  ed.,  Burlington,  1849,  8vo. 
This  work  is  compiled  from  the  lectures  delivered  by 
Judge  Gould  in  the  course  of  his  duties  at  Litchfield. 

"We  should  be  pleased  to  find  Judge  Gould's  production  in  the 
hands  of  every  student,  alongside  of  Mr.  Stephen's."— Hoffman  s 
Leg.  Stu..  xxxviii.  1. 

"  The  work  does  not  enter  much  into  details,  but  as  a  concise 
and  accurate  collection  and  statement  of  the  principles  of  Pleading 
it  is  not  equalled  by  any  similar  production  except  Serjeant  Sto- 


GOU  GOW 

phen's.  Gould's  Pleading  is  a  legal  classic  of  the  highest  order,  1  Gouldsborough,  John.  See  GoLDESBOROUGH,JoBJr. 
and  has  placed  its  author  among  the  very  best  legal  writers  of  the  Goulston,  Goulson,  or  GlllsOIl,  Theodore,M.D., 
;e."  See  Marvin's  Leg.  Bibl.,  342;  8A..T.,74;  15,495;  1  L.R.,53.  d  1632,  a  native  of  Northamptonshire,  founder  of  the  Lec- 
Gould,  John,  an  eminent  naturalist,  b.  at  Lyme,  Dor-  turesn;p  Of  Pathology  which  bears  his  name,  was  educated 
setshire,  England,  Sept.  14,  1804,  displayed  in  early  life  a  ftt  and  Fellow  of)  Merton  Coll.,  Oxf.  He  enjoyed  an  ex- 
taste  for  those  pursuits  the  successful  prosecution  of  which  tensive  practice  in  London,  and  was  distinguished  as  a 
has  gained  him  such  merited  distinction.  1.  A  Century  of  Lat}n  and  Greek  scholar.  1.  Versio  Latina  et  Paraphrasis 
Birds  from  the  Himalaya  Mountains,  Lon.,  1831-32,  imp.  in  Aristoteiis  Rhetoricam,  Lon.,  1619,  '23,  4to.  2.  Aristo- 
fol.,  £14  14«.  2.  Birds  of  Europe,  1832-37,  5  vols.  imp.  tej.g  de  poetica,  Liber  Latine  con  versus,  et  Analytica  Me- 
fol.,  £76  8«.  Qd.  3.  Monograph  of  the  Ramphastidae;  or,  tho(Jo  iuugtratuSj  1623,  4to.  Cum  Notis  Sylburgi  Heinsii, 
Family  of  Toucans,  1834,  imp.  fol.,  £7.  4.  Icones  Avium,  Camb  1696)  8vo.  3.  Versio  Variae  Lectiones  et  Annota- 
1837-38,  Pts.  1  and  2,  imp.  fol.,  35s.  each.  5.  Monograph  doneg  Criticge  in  Opuscula  varia  Galeni,  Lon.,  1640,  4to. 
of  the  Trogonidse;  or,  Family  of  Trogons,  1838,  imp.  fol.,  Bdited  by  his  friend,  the  Rev.  Thomas  Gataker,  of  Ro- 
£8.  In  1838  Mr.  Gould  visited  Australia  with  the  laudable  |  therhitne> 

Request  to  R.  Catholics,  Lon.,  1687,  4to. 


design  of  studying  the  natural  productions  of  that  country 
As  the  result  of  this  visit,  we  have  the  following  splendid 
work:  6.  The  Birds  of  Australia,  1842-51,  7  vols.  imp.  fol., 
£115.  A  Synopsis  of  this  work  has  been  pub.,  imp.  8vo, 
at  25s.  each  Pt.  7.  Monograph  of  the  Macropodidae ;  or, 
Family  of  Kangaroos,  1841-42,  imp.  fol.,  Pts.  1  and  2, 
each  £3  3s.  8.  Monograph  of  the  Odontophorinae ;  or, 
Partridges  of  America,  1844-46,  imp.  fol.,  £8  8s.  9.  Mam 
mals  of  Australia,  1845,  Pts.  1  and  2,  imp.  fol.,  each  £3  3s. 
10.  Trochilidae;  or,  Family  of  Humming  Birds,  1850,  Pt. 
1,  imp.  fol.,  £3  3s.  To  Mr.  Gould's  knowledge  and  taste 
the  public  is  indebted  for  the  collection  of  Humming  Birds 
now  exhibited  in  the  Gardens  of  the  Zoological  Society, 
Regent's  Park,  London.  This  collection  should  be  exa 
mined,  after  an  attentive  perusal  of  W.  C.  L.  Martin's  General 
History  of  the  Trochilidae,  with  especial  reference  to  the 
Collection  of  J.  Gould,  F.R.S.,  <fcc.  This  volume  ranges 
with  Jardine's  Naturalist's  Library,  and  completes  the 
Humming  Birds  in  that  series.  We  should  not  omit  to 
give  Mr.  Gould  credit  for  his  labours  in  aiding  to  prepare 
the  department  of  "Birds"  in  the  Zoology  of  the  Voyage 
of  H.  M.  S.  Beagle.  In  this  vol.  will  be  found  a  notice  of 
their  habits  and  ranges  by  CHARLES  DARWIN,  q.  v 

Gould,  John  W.,  1814-1838,  a  native  of  Litchfield, 
Conn.,  a  brother  of  Edward  S.  Gould,  and  son  of  Judge 
James  Gould,  contributed  a  number  of  articles  to  the  New 
York  Mirror,  and  the  Knickerbocker  Magazine,  in  the 
years  1834-35.  These  were  collected  after  his  death  and 
privately  printed  by  his  brothers  in  1839,  8vo.  The  Tales 
and  Sketches  of  the  vol.  entitled  Forecastle  Yarns  were 
pub.  by  the  New  World  Press  in  1843,  and  a  new  ed.  by 
Stringer  and  Townsend,  N.  York,  1854.  See  Duyckincks' 
Cyc.  of  Amer.  Lit. 

Gould,  Lucius  D.,  b.  1814,  in  N.  Jersey,  America. 
House-Carpenter's  and  Joiner's  Assistant,  N.  York,  4to. 

Gould,  M.  T.  The  Stenographic  Reporter ;  a  monthly 
Journal,  Washington,  1840-41,  2  vols.  8vo. 

Gould,  Nathaniel  D.,  of  Boston,  Mass.  1.  Com 
panion  to  the  Psalmist.  2.  National  Church  Harmony. 
3.  Sabbath  School  Harmony.  4.  Social  Harmony.  5.  Sa 
cred  Minstrel.  6.  Beauties  of  Writing.  7.  Writing  Mas 
ter's  Assistant.  8.  Progressive  Penmanship.  9.  Hist,  of 
Church  Music  in  America. 

Gould,  Robert.  1.  Ludus  Scacchia;  a  Satyr,  with 
other  Poems,  Lon.,  1675,  8vo.  2.  Poems,  chiefly  consist 
ing  of  Satyrs  and  Satyrical  Pieces,  1689,  8vo.  3.  The 
Corruption  of  the  Times  by  Money;  a  Satyr,  1693,  fol. 

Gould,  VV.  T.     Address  Introduc.  to  the  2d  Course 
of  Lectures  in  the  Law  School  at  Augusta,Augusta,1835,8vo 
Gould,  Wm.     Serin.,  Lon.,  1676,  4to. 

Con.  on  nat.  philos.,  <fcc.  to  Phil.  Trans., 


Gould,  Wm. 
1684. 

Gould,  Wm. 
Gould,  Wm. 
Gould,  Wm 


English  Ants,  Lon.,  1747,  8vo. 
Serm.,  1774,  4to. 

Trans,  of  A  Short   Discourse  of  the 
Sacrament,  by  Maurus  Rabanus,  Aberd.,  1624,  12mo. 

Gould,  Wm.  M.     Zephyrs  from  Italy  and  Sicily,  N. 
York,  1852,  16mo.     Highly  commended. 

Goulde,  Wm.     Serms.,  1672,  '74,  '76,  '82,  all  4to. 
Goulding,  Rev.  F.  R.,  of  Kingston,  Georgia.     Ro- 


Gourdon.    _,_ 

Gonrdon,  Sir  Robert.     Receipt  to  Cure  Mad  Dogs 
or  their  bite;  Phil.  Trans.,  1687. 

Gourlay,  John.     Art  of  War,  1809,  8vo. 
Gourlay,  Robert.     1.  Reform,  1809,  8vo.    2.  Lett, 
to  Earl  of  Kellie,  1809,  8vo.     3.  Upper  Canada,  1822,  3 
vols.  8vo. 

Gourlay,  Wm.,  M.D.     1.  Diseases  of  Jamaica,  1783- 
1808,  Lon.,  1811,  8vo.     2.  Con.  to  Med.  Com.,  1785,  '91. 
Gove,  Rev.  Richard.     Theolog.  treatises,  1650-54. 
Goveanus,  Thomas.     1.  Ars  Sciendi,  Lon.,  1682, 
8vo.     2.  Logica  Elenatica,  Dubl.,  1683,  12mo. 
Govett,  R.     Theolog.  works,  Lon.,  1841-53. 
Govett,  R.,  Jr.     Expos,  of  Isaiah,  Lon.,  1841,  8vo. 
•'  Some  valuable  remarks  on  the  prophecies,  but  too  little  regard 
ing  their  past  fulfilment."— Bickcrsteth's  C.  S. 
Other  theological  works. 

Gow,  Neil.  1.  Reports  N.  P.  Ct.,  C.  P.,  and  Oxf.  Cir., 
M.  T.,  ISIS,  to  E.  T.,  1820,  Lon.,  1828,  8vo.  2.  Prac.  Treat 
on  Law  of  Partnership,  3d  ed.,  with  addits.,  1841,  r.  8vo. 
2d  Amer.  ed.,  with  Notes  and  ref.  to  Amer.  Cases,  Phila., 
and  Append,  to  1844,  Phila.,  1837-45,  8vo.  3d  Amer.  ed. 
Mr.  Ingraham  has  enriched  this  work  by  a  series  of  learned 

es,  in  which  the  American  cases  are  diligently  collected,  and 

the  force  and  application  of  them  ably  considered." — Kent's  Com. 
Gowar,  F.  R.     Chein.  con.  to  Nic.  Jour.,  1811. 
Gower.     Patriotic  Songster,  Ac.,  Lon.,  1793,  12mo. 
Gower,  Foote,  M.D.     1.  Sketch  of  the  Materials  for 
a  new  Hist,  of  Cheshire,  <fec.,  Lon.,  1771,  4to;  2d  ed.,  Ches 
ter,  1772,  4to;  3d  ed.,  by  Wm.  Latham,  1800,  who  pub.  an 
Address  to  the  Public  on  the  subject,  as  did  also  (1772,  4to) 
Dr.  Foote. 

Gower,  Humphrey,  D.D.,  Master  of  St.  John's  Coll., 
Camb.  1.  Two  Funl.  Serms.,  1685,  4to.  2.  Serm.,  1685. 
Gower,  John,  1325P-1402,  the  contemporary  and 
friend  of  Chaucer,  is  entitled  to  some  share  of  the  honours 
which  principally  pertain  to  the  latter  as  the  Father  of 
English  Poetry.  The  personal  history  of  Gower — Sir 
John  Gower,  so  some,  Judge  Gower,  so  others — is  involved 
in  great  obscurity.  All  that  can  be  considered  settled  is 
that  he  was  a  student  of  law  in  the  Inner  Temple,  learned 
in  his  profession,  a  man  of  substance,  and  in  high  esteem 
with  his  contemporaries,  and  lost  his*  sight  about  three 
years  before  his  death.  His  monument,  which  retains  "a 
considerable  portion  of  ancient  magnificence,"  is  still  to 
be  seen  in  St.  Saviour's  Church. 

"It  is  of  the  Gothic  style,  covered  with  three  arches,  the  roof 
ithin  springing  into  many  angles,  under  which  lies  the  statue 
of  the  deceased,  in  a  long  purple  gown;  on  his  head  a  coronet  of 
roses,  resting  on  three  volumes  entitled  Vox  Clamantis,  Speculum, 
Meditantis  and  Confessio  Amantis.  His  dress  has  given  rise  to  some 
of  those  conjectures  respecting  his  history  which  cannot  now  be 
determined,  as  his  being  a  knight,  a  judge,  etc." 

His  principal  work  consists  of  three  parts,  only  the  third 
of  which— finished  in  1393— has  been  printed :  I.  Specu 
lum  Meditantis,  or  the  Mirrour  of  Meditation;  in  French 
rhymes,  ten  books :  it  treats  of  the  nature  of  virtue  and 
vice  ;  conjugal  fidelity;  the  duty  and  mode  of  repentance. 
II.  Vox  Clamautis,  or  the  Voice  of  one  crying  in  the  Wil- 
derness/contains  in  seven  books  of  Latin  elegiacs  a  metri 
cal  chronicle  of  the  insurrection  of  the  Commons  in  the 
reign  of  Richard  the  Second.  III.  The  Confessio  Aman- 


bertand  Harold;  or,  The  Young  Marooners  on  the  Florida     tis,  or  the  Lover's  Confession,  is  an  English  poem  in  eight 

1  books,  (said  to  contain  30,000  verses,)  written  by  command 
of  Richard  the  Second,  who,  "  meeting  our  poet  Gower 
rowing  on  the  Thames  near  London,  invited  him  into  the 
royal  barge,  and  after  much  conversation  requested  him 
to  'book  some  new  thing.'" 

"  It  is  on  the  last  of  these  pieces — the  CONFESSIO  AMANTIS — that 
Gower's  character  and  reputation  as  a  poet  are  almost  entirely 
founded.  This  poem,  which  bears  no  immediate  reference  to  the 
other  two  divisions,  is  a  dialogue  between  a  lover  and  bis  con 
fessor,  who  is  a  priest  of  Venus,  and.  like  the  mystagogue  in  the 
PICTURE  of  Cebes,  is  called  Genius.  Here,  as  if  it  bad  been  impos 
sible  for  a  lover  not  to  be  a  good  Catholic,  the  ritual  of  religion  is 
applied  to  the  tender  passion,  and  Ovid's  Art  of  Love  is  blended 
with  the  breviary.  In  the  course  of  the  confession,  every  evil 


Coast,  Phila.,  1852,  18mo. 

"  I  have  read  the  Young  Marooners  in  MS.  with  exceeding  in 
terest,  and  think  it  one  of  the  most  attractive  books  for  the  young 
I  have  ever  seen.  My  group  of  children,  to  whom  I  read  it,  with 
unanimous  acclaim  pronounced  the  book  to  be  equal  to  Robinson 
Crusoe.  A  child's  verdict  cannot  give  higher  praise." — REV.  JOHN 
S.  C.  ABBOTT. 

"  We  do  not  hesitate  to  say  that  it  is  a  remarkable  little  book; 
and  will  undoubtedly  become  a  great  favourite  with  the  young,  as 
it  well  deserves  the  confidence  and  favour  of  parents." — Phila. 
Biblical  Repertory. 

Gouldman,  Francis.  Lat.  and  Eng.  Dict'y,  Lon., 
1664,  4to ;  Camb.,  1674,  4to.  With  addits/ by  Dr.  Scatter- 
good,  1678,  fol 


GOW 

affection  of  the  human  heart  which  may  tend  to  impede  the  pro 
gress  or  counteract  the  success  of  love,  is  scientifically  subdivided, 
and  its  fatal  effects  exemplified  by  a  variety  of  apposite  stories, 
extracted  from  classics  and  chronicles.  The  poet  often  introduces 
or  recapitulates  his  matter  in  a  few  couplets  of  Latin  long  and 
short  verses.  This  was  in  imitation  of  Boethius."—  Warton  s  Hist, 
of  Eng.  Poetry. 

The  reader  must  carefully  peruse  Warton's  elaborate 
criticism  on  Gower's  productions.     For  the  biographical 
detail  of  the  little  that  is  known,  and  that  which  is  sur 
mised,  respecting  the  author,  he  must  refer  to  Dr.  Camp 
bell's  Life  of  Gower,  in  the  Biog.  Brit.,  from  which  we 
shall   quote   some   ancient   opinions  respecting   Gower's 
merits  as  a  poet     Even  in  the  lighter  strains  of  his  muse 
he  sought  to  be  the  instructor  of  the  dark  age  in  which 
his  lot  was  cast.     He  is  well  entitled  to  the  honourable 
appellation,  conferred  upon  him  by  the  most  illustrious 
English  poet  of  the  times,  of  Moral  Gower : 
"  0  moral  Gower !  this  boke  I  directe 
To  the,  and  to  the  pbilosophicall  strode, 
To  vouchsafe  there  nede  is  for  to  correcte 
Of  your  benignities  and  zelis  gode." 

Conclusion  of  Troilus  and  Cresside. 

It  is  not  perhaps  altogether  irrelevant  to  show  that 
Gower  was  not  insensible  to  the  merits  of  his  fellow-poet 
and  literary  disciple.  In  the  Confessio  Amantis  he  makes 
Venus  pay  the  following  tribute  to  Chaucer : 

"  And  grete  wel  Chaucer,  when  ye  mete, 
As  my  disciple  and  my  poete : 
For  in  the  flowers  of  his  youth 
In  sundry  wise,  as  he  well  couthe, 
Of  ditees  and  of  songes  glade 
The  which  he  for  my  sake  made,"  &c. 

Gower  subsequently  omitted  these  verses,  and  it  is  sup 
posed  that  the  friendship  which  subsisted  between  these 
eminent  scholars  and  poets  suffered  some  interruption  in 
the  latter  part  of  their  lives ;  but  this  presumption  is  not 
beyond  doubt,  nor  is  it  a  theme  upon  which  we  care  to 
linger. 

Berthelette,  in  dedicating  Gower's  Confessio  Amantis  to 
K.  Henry  VIII.,  is  enthusiastic  in  its  commendation : 

"And  who  so  ever  in  redynge  of  this  worke  doth  consider  it  well, 
shall  fynde  that  it  is  plentifully  stuffed  and  fournished  with  mani- 


GRA 

guage  less  rude  and  exciting  a  taste  for  verse ;  if  he  never  rises, 
he  never  sinks  low;  he  is  always  sensible,  polished,  perspicuous, 
and  not  prosaic  in  the  worst  sense  of  the  word." — Lit.  Hist  of 
Europe. 

We  have  referred  to  Warton's  account  of  Gower's  works 
in  manuscript.  In  the  History  of  English  Poetry  will  be 
found  copious  extracts  from  the  Cinquante  Balades,  or 
Fifty  French  Sonnets,  which  compose  the  "  most  curious 
and  valuable  part  of  Lord  Gower's  manuscript."  In  1818, 
4to,  the  entire  contents  of  the  MS.,  with  the  exception  of 
the  poem  "De  Pacis  Commendatione,"  was  printed  by 
Lord  Gower,  subsequently  Duke  of  Sutherland,  for  the 
Members  of  the  Roxburghe  Club.  Sir  M.  M.  Sykes,  1628, 
£5  5s.  Boswell,  3045,  £5  5s.  Dent,  Pt.  2,  1206,  £4  10s. 
Of  the  Confessio  Amantis,  the  Confessyon  of  the  Louer, 
the  first  ed.  was  printed  by  Caxton  in  1493,  (misprinted 
1483,)  fol. : 

"The  Roxburghe  copy  of  this  book  produced  the  enormous  sum 
of  336Z.,  purchased  by  the  Duke  of  Devonshire.  The  Merly  copy 
was  purchased  for  315Z.  by  the  Duke  of  Marl  borough ;  and,  at  the 
sale  of  the  Duke's  books,  brought  the  sum  of  205J.  16s.  The  pur 
chaser  was  Mr.  George  Watson  Taylor :  at  the  sale  of  whose  library 
again  in  1823,  it  was  found  to  be  imperfect,  and  sold  for  bll.  15s.1' 
— Dibdin's  Lib.  Cornp. 

In  Dibdin's  Typ.  Antiq.  of~G.  Brit.,  i.  177-185,  will  be 
found  a  full  account  of  the  Caxtonian  ed.  of  the  Confessio 
Amantis. 

Thomas  Berthelette  printed  a  second  ed.  in  1532,  fol., 
and  a  third  in  1554,  fol.  These  have  sold  at  prices  rang 
ing  from  £2  to  £8  18s.  6d.  each,  according  to  condition, 
state  of  the  bibliomania,  <fcc.  In  addition  to  the  author 
ities  already  cited,  the  reader  must  consult  Todd's  Illustra 
tions  of  Gower  and  Chaucer,  which  has  been  noticed  in 
our  life  of  Chaucer ;  Ellis's  Specimens  of  Early  Eng.  Poet.; 
Chalmers's  British  Poets ;  Brydges's  ed.  of  Phillips's  Theat. 
Poet.  See  an  interesting  anecdote  respecting  the  Confessio 
Amantis,  K.  Charles  I.,  and  the  Marquess  of  Worcester,  in 
Mrs.  Thomson's  Recollections  of  Literary  Characters  and 
Celebrated  Places,  ii.  299-301.  We  may  be  excused  for 
devoting  so  much  space  to  an  author  who  is  almost  un 
known  to  the  modern  reader,  when  we  have  the  high 


folde  eloquent  -reasons,  sharpe  and  quicke  argumentes,  and  ex-  authority  of  Dr.  Warton  to  justify  us  in  the  assertion  that 
am  pies  of  great  aucthoritie,  perswadynge  unto  vertue,  not  only 
taken  out  of  the  poets,  oratours,  historie-writers,  and  philosophers, 
but  also  out  of  the  holy  scripture.  There  is  to  my  dome  no  man 
but  that  he  maie  by  readinge  of  this  worke  get  righte  great  know 
ledge,  as  well  for  the  understandynge  of  many  and  divers  auctours, 
whose  reasons,  sayenges,  and  histories,  are  translated  in  to  this 
worke,  as  for  the  pleintie  of  English  words  and  vulgars,  beside  the 
furtherance  of  the  life  to  vertue." 

Putltenham,  treating  of  the  parents  of  English  poetry, 
remarks : 

"I  will  not  reach  above  the  time  of  King  Edward  the  third  and 
Richard  the  second,  for  any  that  wrote  in  English  metre;  because, 
before  their  times,  by  reason  of  the  late  Norman  Conquest,  which 
had  brought  into  this  realm  much  alteration  both  of  our  language 
and  lawes,  and  therewithall  a  certain  martial  barbarousnes,  where 
by  the  study  of  all  good  learning  was  so  much  decayed,  as  long 
after  no  man,  or  very  few,  intended  to  write  on  any  laudable  sci- 


if  Chaucer 

"had  not  existed,  the  compositions  of  Gower  would  have  been 
sufficient  to  rescue  the  reigns  of  Edward  the  Third  and  Richard 
the  Second  from  the  imputation  of  barbarism." 

Gower,  John.     Serm.,  1772,  4to. 

Gower,  Nathaniel.     Serm.,  1709,  4to. 

Gower,  Richard.  Children's  Diseases,Lon.,1682,8vo. 

Gower,  Richard  Hall.  1.  Seamanship,  Lon.,  1793, 
'96,  1808,  8vo.  2.  Supp.  to  do.,  1807,  '10,  8vo.  3.  Con 
voys,  1811,  8vo.  4.  Naval  Architecture,  1811,  8vo. 

Gower,  Stanley.     Serm.,  Lon.,  1644,  4to. 

Grace,  Henry.  His  History  of  his  Life  and  Suffer 
ings,  Reading,  Eng.,  1764,  8vo,  pp.  56. 

"The  author's  recital  of  the  various  hardships  he  underwent 
affords  that  painful  entertainment  we  usually  find  in  historical 


ence;  so  as  beyond  that  time  there  is  little  or  nothing  worth  com-     details  of  distress,  especially  when  they  have  any  thing  of  adven- 
mendation  to  be  founde  written  in  this  arte.     And  those  of  the  '  *•""  ;"  fVl"™   OQ  ic  *1"1  "•""-  ™4"1  *K"  ——»"*  ..*i~,o  *,„*  oflr™«~™ 
first  age  were  Chaucer  and  Gower,  both  of  them,  as  I  suppose, 
Knightes.     After  whom  followed  John  Lidgate,  the  Monke  of 
Bury,  and  that  nameless,  who  wrote  the  Satyre  called  Piers  Plow 
man." — Art  of  English  Poesie. 

"  In  the  Italian  language  the  first  that  made  it  to  aspire  to  be  a 
Treasure-House  of  Science  were  the  poets  Dante,  Boccace,  and  Pe 
trarch.  So  in  our  English  were  Gower  and  Chaucer,  after  whom, 
encouraged  and  delighted  with  their  excellent  foregoing,  others 
have  followed  to  beautifie  our  mother  tongue,  as  well  in  the  same 
kind  as  other  arts."— Sir  Philip  Sidney's  Offence  of  Poesie. 

"Gower  being  very  gra.-ious  with  King  Henrie  the  fourth,  in  his 
time  carried  the  name  of  the  only  poet ;  but  his  verses,  to  say 
truth,  were  poor  and  plaine,  yet  full  of  good  and  grave  moralitie, 
but  while  he  affected  altogether  the  French  phrase  and  words, 
made  himself  too  obscure  to  his  reader,  beside  his  invention 


cometh  far  short  of  the  promise  of  his  titles."— PEACHAM  :  The 
Compltat  Gentleman. 

But  Dr.  Warton  defends  Gower  and  others,  who  share  in 
the  censure,  against  those  critics  who  blame  these  writers 
for  not  adhering  more  closely  to  their  own  tongue : 

"  I  close  this  section  with  an  apology  for  Chaucer.  Gower,  and 
Occleve,  who  are  supposed,  by  the  severer  etymologists,  to  have 
corrupted  the  purity  of  the  English  language  by  affecting  to  intro 
duce  so  many  foreign  words  and  phrases.  But  if  we  attend  only 
to  the  politics  of  the  times,  we  shall  find  these  poets,  as  also  some 
of  their  successors,  much  less  blameable  in  this  respect  than  the 
critics  imagine." 

Read  this  satisfactory  vindication — Hist,  of  Eng.  Poet, 
Section  xx.,  and  see  Section  xix.  for  an  account  of  Gower's 
works  still  in  MS. 

Mr.  Hallam's  opinion  of  Gower's  merits  as  a  poet  seems 
to  coincide  very  nearly  with  that  of  Peacham : 

"A  vast  interval  must  be  made  between  Chaucer  and  any  other 
English  poet;  yet  Gower,  his  contemporary,  though  not,  like  him, 
a  poet  of  nature's  growth,  had  some  effect  in  rendering  the  lan- 
714 


ture  in  them,  as  is  the  case  with  the  present  artless  but  affecting 
narrative." — Lon.  Month.  Rev. 

Grace,  Job.     Serm.,  2  Cor.  xix.  6,  1710,  4to. 

Grace,  Sheffield.  1.  A  Survey  of  Tullaroan,  or 
Grace's  Parish,  Dubl.,  1819,  8vo.  2.  Memoirs  of  tho 
Family  of  Grace,  Lon.,  1823,  8vo.  Both  privately  printed. 
For  an  account  of  these  records  of  the  Grace  Family,  and 
a  notice  of  the  Grace  Mausoleum,  Dubl.,  1819,  8vo,  sea 
Martin's  Bibl.  Cat.  of  Books  Privately  Printed. 

Gracin,  M.     Horticult.  con.  to  Phil.  Trans.,  1730. 

Grady,  S.  G.  1.  Regis,  of  Voters  Act,  &c.,  Lon.,. 
1843,  12mo.  2.  Law  of  Fixtures,  1845,  12mo.  3.  In  con 
junction  with  C.  H.  Scotland,  Law  and  Practice,  Crown 
side,  Ct.  of  Q.  B.,  1844,  12mo. 

(i firm,  C.  Montis,  R.  Pietas  in  Patrem  e  vita  de- 
cedentem,  Edin.,  1609,  4to. 

Graeme,  John,  1748-1772,  a  native  of  Carnwarth, 
Lanarkshire,  Scotland,  composed  a  number  of  poems 
which  were  collected  and  pub.  at  Edin.  in  1773,  8vo. 

"There  are  few  of  them  entitled  to  superior  praise,  and  certainly 
none  that  can  justify  the  length  to  which  the  detail  of  his  lite  and 
opinions  has  been  extended."  See  Chalmers's  Biog.  Diet. ;  Ander 
son's  Poets ;  Park's  Poets ;  Brit.  Crit.,  vol.  vii. 

Graeme,  Wm.,  M.D.  1.  Knovvl.  in  Physic,  Lon., 
1729,  8vo.  2.  Historia  Morbi  Tho.  Herdman,  1730,  8vo. 
In  English,  by  Isaac  Massay,  1730,  8vo. 

Grafton,  Augustus  Henry  Fitzroy,  Duke  of, 
1736-1811,  reprinted  an  ed.  of  Griesbach's  Greek  Test,  at 
his  own  expense.  1.  Hints  to  the  Clergy,  Nobility,  and 
Gentry.  2.  Apeleutherus.  This  treats  of  theolog.  subjects. 

Grafton,  H.  D.,  Capt.  U.  States  Artillery.  Treatise 
on  the  Cainp  and  March,  &c.,  Bost.,  1854,  12ino. 


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Grafton,  Mary.  1.  Spiritual  Gleanings,  Lon.,  1808, 
8vo.  2.  Pleasures  of  Religion,  1814,  8vo. 

Grafton,  Richard,  an  English  printer  to  Edward 
VL,  of  the  16th  century,  is  best  known  to  posterity  by 
the  Chronicles  which  bear  his  name.  In  the  time  of 
Henry  VIII.  he  was  imprisoned  six  weeks  in  the  Fleet 
for  printing  Matthew's  Bible  and  the  Great  Bible  without 
notes  ;  and  he  was  subsequently  deprived  of  his  patent  for 
printing  the  proclamation  of  Lady  Jane  Grey,  Queene  of 
England,  Ac.,  1563,  fol.  He  pub.  in  1562,  16mo,  An 
Abridgment  of  the  Chronicles  of  England, 

"Reprinted  the  two  succeeding  years,  and  in  1572.  And  as 
Stowe  had  published  his  Summarie  of  the  Englyshe  Chronicles  in 
1565,  Grafton  sent  out  as  a  rival,  an  abridgement  of  his  abridge 
ment,  which  he  entitled  '  A  Manuell  of  the  Chronicles  of  Eng 
land'  ;  and  Stowe,  not  to  be  behind  with  him,  published  in  the 
same  year  his  '  Summarie  of  Chronicles  Abridged.'  This  rivalship 
was  accompanied  by  harsh  reflections  on  each  other  in  their  re 
spective  prefaces.  In  1509  Grafton  published  his  '  Chronicle  at 
large,  and  meere  History  of  the  Affayres  of  Englande,'  ['  and 
Kinges  of  the  same,'  2  vols.  folio,]  some  part  of  which  seems  to 
have  been  unjustly  censured  by  Buchanan." 

See  Ames  and  Herbert's  Typ.  Antiq.  of  G.  Brit.,  and 
Dibdin's  edit,  thereof,  for  an  account  of  Grafton's  publica 
tions.  Grafton's  Chronicle  was  repub.,  Lon.,  1809,  2  vols. 
4to,  with  his  Table  of  Bailiffs,  Sheriffs,  and  Mayors  of 
London,  1189-1558,  corrections,  and  copious  index.  Yet 
the  edit,  of  1569,  2  vols.  fol.,  sometimes  bound  in  one  vol., 
is  not  to  be  had  when  perfect,  save  at  a  high  price.  The 
collector  must  observe  that  the  copy  which  he  buys  has 
the  original  wood-engraved  frontispiece,  containing  por 
traits  of  the  Kings  of  England,  also  a  portrait  of  Q.  Eliza 
beth,  and  the  table  or  index  to  the  second  vol.,  consisting 
of  five  leaves,  on  the  last  page  of  which  is  Grafton's 
woodcut  device — a  Tun.  Such  a  copy,  well  bound,  will 
hardly  be  sold  at  less  than  £10  to  £12.  As  an  authority, 
Grafton  does  not  occupy  the  first  rank.  Bishop  Nicolson 
speaks  with  but  little  respect  of  Hall's  Chronicles,  and 
with  still  less  of  our  author's  : 

"  A  great  borrower  from  this  Hall  was  Richard  Grafton,  who.  as 
Buchanan  rightly  observes,  was  a  very  heedless  and  unskilful 
writer ;  and  yet  he  has  the  honour  done  him  to  be  sometimes 
quoted  by  Stowe  and  others." — Eng.  Hist.  Lib.,  ed.  1777,  p.  58. 

But  it  is  not  to  be  forgotten  on  Grafton's  behalf  that 
he  assures  us  that  he  himself  wrote  the  completion  of 
Hall's  continuation  of  his  Chronicle;  and  if  Bishop 
Nicolson  alludes  to  the  continuation,  he  seems  to  do  Graf- 
ton  injustice.  In  1543,  4to,  Grafton  pub.  Harding's 
Chronicle,  with  a  continuation  of  his  own,  in  prose,  to  the 
thirty-fourth  year  of  Henry  VIII. 

Graglia,  C.  1.  Italian  Exercises,  Lon.,  12mo.  2. 
Grammar,  12mo.  3.  Letters,  12mo.  4.  Ital.  and  Eng. 
Dictionary,  new  ed.,  1851,  18mo. 

Graglia,  G.  A.  1.  Dictionary  of  Ital.  and  Eng.,  Lon., 
1786,  sm.  4to;  1795,  12nio  ;  1815,  12mo.  2.  Guide  to 
Italian,  1803,  12mo. 

Graham.     See  GRAEME. 

Graham.  Wallace;  a  Tragedy,  Edin.,  1799,  8vo. 
Only  six  copies  printed. 

Graham,  Dr.     Con.  to  Med.  Com.,  1787. 

Graham,  Catherine.     See  MACAULAY. 

Graham,  David,  Jr.,  of  the  New  York  Bar.  1. 
Cts.  of  Law  and  Equity  in  N.  York,  N.  York,  1839,  8vo. 
2.  New  Trials,  1834,  8vo.  New  ed.,  greatly  enlarged,  by 
D.  Graham,  Jr.,  and  Thos.  W.  Waterman,  1856,  3  vols. 
8vo.  3.  Prac.  of  the  Supreme  Ct.  of  N.  York,  2d  ed.,  1836, 
8vo ;  3d.  ed.,  vol.  L,  1847,  8vo.  Vol.  ii.  in  preparation. 

Graham,  Dougal.  Hist,  of  the  Rebellion  in  Brit, 
in  1745-46  j  5th  ed.,  Glasg.,  1787,  12mo ;  9th  ed.,  Fal- 
kirk,  1812,  8vo. 

Graham,  George,  1675-1751,  an  astronomical  in 
strument  maker,  a  native  of  Cumberland,  contributed 
astronom.  and  other  papers  to  Phil.  Trans.,  1721-48. 

Graham,  George.  Telemachus:  a  Mask,  Lon., 
1762,  4to. 

Graham,  George  Farquhar.  1.  Essay  on  Musical 
Composition,  Edin.,  1838,  4to.  2.  Art  of  English  Composi 
tion,  1840,  12mo ;  4th  ed.,  1858.  3.  First  Steps  to  Latin 
Writing;  2d  ed.,  1844,  12mo.  4.  Chart  of  English  Sove 
reigns,  1843,  8vo.  5.  Helps  to  English  Grammar,  1843, 
12mo.  6.  English  Synonymes,  1846,  12mo ;  edited  by 
Henry  Reed,  LL.D.,  N.  York,  1847,  12mo;  3d  Lon.  ed., 
1858.  7.  English  Spelling-Book,  1847,  12mo.  8.  Studies 
from  the  English  Poets,  1852,  12mo ;  2d  ed.,  1858.  9. 
Songs  of  Scotland,  1856,  r.  8vo.  10.  English  Style,  1857, 
12mo.  Also  articles  Music,  Organ,  <fcc.  in  Encyc.  Brit., 
8th  ed.,  1853-60. 

Graham,  Isabella,  1742-1814,  a  native  of  Lanark, 
Scotland,  a  daughter  of  Mr.  and  Mrs.  John  Marshall,  in 


1789  selected  New  York  as  a  permanent  residence,  and 
lived  in  that  city  until  her  death.  She  was  devoted  to 
good  works ;  and  several  useful  institutions  of  the  city  are 
her  best  monuments.  Her  grandson,  the  Rev.  George  W. 
Bethune,  D.D.^  of  Brooklyn,  New  York,  inherits  both  her 
literary  talents  and  moral  virtues.  Dr.  Mason  pub.  Me 
moirs  of  Mrs.  Graham ;  and  of  her  Life  and  Writings, 
(first  pub.  1816,  8vo)  more  than  50,000  copies  have  been 
sold  in  America,  and  many  in  England  and  Scotland. 
New  ed.,  Lon.,  1838,  8vo.  Letters  and  Correspondence, 
selected  by  her  daughter,  Mrs.  Bethune,  N.  York,  1838, 
8vo.  Edited  by  the  Rev.  J.  Marshall,  Lon.,  1839,  8vo. 
Memoir  of,  N.  York,  12mo :  also  by  the  Amer.  Tract  Soc. 

Graham,  James,  Marquis  of  Montrose,  1612-1650, 
one  of  the  most  illustrious  characters  of  modern  history, 
murdered  in  the  most  brutal  manner  by  his  political  ene 
mies,  was  the  author  of  a  number  of  poems,  <fec.  See 
Watson's  Collection ;  Pinkerton's  Scottish  Ballads ;  Rit- 
son's  Scottish  Songs.  It  is  rather  doubtful  what  pieces 
may  be  certainly  ascribed  to  him ;  but 

"  To  the  Verses  on  Charles  the  First  he  has  an  unquestionable 
right;  and  they  are  conceived  with  the  vigour  and  dignity  of  a 
soldier."— Headless  Select  Beauties  of  Anc.  Eng.  Poet. 

"  He  was  not  without  vanity,  but  his  virtues  were  much 
superior,  and  he  well  deserved  to  have  his  memory  preserved  and 
celebrated  among  the  most  illustrious  persons  of  the  age  in  which 
he  lived." — LORD  CLARENDON. 

See  Lloyd's  Memoirs ;  De  Rebus  praeclare  ab  eo  gestis, 
1647,  8vo  ;  Park's  Walpole's  R.  and  N.  Authors,  and 
authorities  there  cited. 

Graham,  James.  Con.  to  Med.  Obs.  and  Inq.,  1755. 

Graham,  James,  M.D.    Med.  works,  1779-90. 

Graham,  James.     Population,  1816,  8vo. 

Graham,  James,  of  New  Orleans,  has  now  (1856) 
in  preparation,  promised  in  the  present  year,  The  Life  of 
Col.  Daniel  Morgan,  of  the  Continental  Army,  from  his 
unpub.  letters  and  papers.  Mr.  G.  is  a  grandson  of  Col. 
Morgan.  No  life  of  the  hero  of  Cowpens  has  yet  ap 
peared,  and  the  only  biographical  sketch  which  has  been 
published  is  not  thought  by  Mr.  Graham  to  do  justice  to 
its  subject. 

Graham,  Rt.  Hon.  Sir  James  Robert  George, 
b.  June,  1792,  has  occupied  many  important  positions 
under  the  British  Government.  Coin  and  Currency :  an 
Address  to  the  Land-owners,  Lon.,  1827,  8vo. 

"  An  exceedingly  well-written,  able  pamphlet." — McCuUoch't 
Lit.  of  Polit.  Econ.,  q.  v. 

Graham,  John,  1694-1773,  minister  in  Woodbury, 
Connect.  1.  Ballad  against  the  Ch.  of  Eng.  in  Connec., 
1732.  2.  Tract  on  the  same  subject.  3.  Rejoinder  to 
Johnson's  Answer.  See  Chandler's  Life  of  Sainl.  John 
son,  D.D. 

Graham,  John.    Serins.,  Ac.,  1800,  '06,  '10. 

Graham,  John.     Serms.,  1835,  '38. 

Graham,  Rev.  John.  1.  Hist,  of  Ireland,  1689-91, 
Lon.,  1839,  12mo.  2.  Siege  of  Londonderry;  new  ed., 
1841,  12mo. 

Graham,  John  A.,  LL.D.  Sketch  of  Vermont,  Lon., 
1797,  8vo.  See  Rich's  Bibl.  Amer.  Nova. 

Graham,  John  Lorimer,  born  in  Vermont,  pub. 
Letters  from  Vermont,  Junius  Identified,  &c. 

Graham,  Maria.  See  CALLCOTT,LADY  MARIA  ;  Lon. 
Gent.  Mag.,  Jan.  1843,  98-99. 

Graham,  Mary  Jane,  1803-1830,  a  native  of  Lon 
don,  removed  a  few  years  before  her  death  to  Stoke- 
Flcming,  where  she  died.  She  trans,  the  Vicar  of  Wake- 
field  into  French,  Latin,  and  Spanish,  and  commenced  an 
Italian  version.  None  of  these  translations  were  pub. 
She  was  also  acquainted  with  Greek,  and  skilled  in  ma 
thematics  ;  upon  this  science  she  left  an  original  MS. 
Some  of  her  addresses  and  questions  written  for  the  chil 
dren  of  her  parish,  and  other  remains,  have  been  pub.  She 
is  best  known  by  The  Test  of  Truth,  the  7th  ed.  of  which 
appeared  in  1852,  sq. 

An  interesting  Memoir  of  Miss  Graham  was  pub.  by 
the  Rev.  Charles  Bridges,  Vicar  of  Old  Newton,  Suffolk, 
1st  ed.,  1832 ;  2d  ed.,  1833.  New  ed.,  1853,  fp.  8vo. 

"The  writer  is  glad  to  find  that  the  large  extent  of  quotation 
[from  the  Test  of  Truth]  with  which  he  has  indulged  himself  has 
in  some  means  been  effectual  to  introduce  Miss  Graham's  work 
from  the  comparative  obscurity  of  an  anonymous  publication  into 
that  more  general  acceptance  which  in  his  own.  and,  he  presumes 
he  may  add,  in  his  reader's,  judgment  it  well  deserves." — REV. 
CHARLES  BRIDGES  :  Memoir  of  M.  J.  Graham. 

Graham,  Patrick,  D.D.  1.  Scenery  of  Perthshire, 
Edin.,  1806,  '10,  '12,  12mo.  2.  Authenticity  of  Ossian, 
1807,  8vo;  Lon.,  1810,  8vo. 

Graham,  Rich.     Latitude;  Phil.  Trans.,  1734. 

Graham,  Robert.   Lett,  to  Wm.  Pitt,  Lon.,  1788, 8vo. 


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Graham,  Robert,  M.D.  1.  Fever,  Glasg,  1818,  8vo. 
J.  Obstructed  Aorta ;  Medico-Chirurg.  Trans.,  1814. 

Graham,  Robert  Hay,  M.D.  Water  Cure  as  prac- 
iised  at  Graefenberg,  Lon.,  1844,  8vo. 

"During  the  two  months  Dr.  Graham  passed  at  or  near  Graefen 
berg,  he  had  ample  opportunities  of  investigating  the  nature  of  the 
treatment  pursued  by  Preissnitz,  the  class  of  persons  who  consti 
tute  his  patients,  and  the  results  which  are  obtained ;  and  of  these 
opportunities  he  availed  himself  to  the  utmost.  His  book  is  cer 
tainly  the  most  scientific  and  most  impartial,  and  yet  the  most 
merciless,  expost,  of  the  Graefenberg  fraud,  that  we  have  met  with ; 
the  most  complete  history  that  has  appeared,  not  only  of  hydro 
pathy  as  practised  by  the  followers  of  Preissnitz,  but  as  practised 
by  Floyer,  Baynard,  Currie,  &c."—Lon.  Lancet. 

Graham,  Thomas,  D.C.L.,  b.  1805,  at  Glasgow; 
Master  of  the  Mint;  Prof,  of  Chemistry  in  University  Coll., 
London.  1.  Elements  of  Botany,  Lon.,  1842,  12mo.  2. 
For  Schools,  1848,  p.  8vo.  3.  Elements  of  Chemistry, 
1848,  8vo.  Amer.  ed.,  with  Notes  and  Addits.  by  Robert 
Bridges,  M.D.,  Phila.,  1852,  8vo;  new  ed.,  Pt.  1,  Lon.,  1856; 
Pt  2,  1858,  8vo, — forming  2  vols.  A  work  of  great  value. 

Graham,  Thomas  J.  1.  The  Cold- Water  System; 
an  Essay  exhibiting  the  merits  and  most  safe  and  effectual 
employment  of  this  excellent  System  in  Debility,  Indi 
gestion,  <fcc.,  2d  ed.,  Lon.,  1843,  8vo.  2.  Modern  Domestic 
Medicine,  llth  ed.,  1853,  8vo. 

"  We  shall  preserve  it  as  the  advice  of  an  invaluable  friend,  to 
which  we  can  refer  in  the  hour  of  need,  without  any  doubt  of  be 
ing  benefited  by  its  wisdom." — Lon.  Literary  Chronicle. 

Other  medical,  <fcc.  works. 

Graham,  Rev.  W.  The  Jordan  and  the  Rhine;  or, 
the  East  and  the  West,  Lon.,  1854,  8vo. 

"  Particularly  rich  in  notes  of  modern  Eastern  habits,  customs, 
and  peculiarities,  as  illustrative  of  Scripture;  and  in  regard  to 
these  communicating  a  mass  of  information  often  of  a  singularly 
curious  and  suggestive  kind." — Lon.  Advertiser. 

Graham,  Walter,  M.D.  Water  in  Cystisis  adhering 
to  the  Peritonaeum;  Phil.  Trans.,  1741. 

Graham,  Wm.  Serms.,  Ac.,  1759, 71,  '72,  Lon.,  all  8vo. 

Graham,  Wm.,  Rector  of  Stapleton.  The  Eclogues 
of  Virgil,  trans,  into  English  Verse,  Lon.,  1786,  8vo. 

Graham,  Rev.  Wm.,  of  Newcastle.  1.  Review  of 
Eccles.  Establish,  in  Europe,  Glasg.,  1792;  Lon.,  1812, 
8vo.  2.  Missionary  Societies,  1797,  8vo. 

Grahame,  James,  1765-1811,  a  native  of  Glasgow, 
and  educated  at  the  University  of  that  city,  after  devoting 
come  years  to  legal  pursuits,  took  holy  orders,  and  became 
successively  Curate  of  Shipton,  in  Gloucestershire,  and  of 
Sedgefield,  in  the  county  of  Durham.  He  wrote  a  number 
of  poems,  the  principal  of  which  are  in  blank  verse.  1. 
Mary  Stewart,  Queen  of  Scots,  Edin.,  1801,  8vo. 

"  His  drama  of  Mary  Stuart  wants  that  passionate  and  happy 
vigour  which  the  stage  requires." — Allan  Cunningham's  Biog.  and 
Grit.  Hist,  of  the  Lit.  of  the  last  Fifty  Years. 

"  A  subject  naturally  attractive  to  a  young  Scottish  poet.  But 
his  genius  was  utterly  undramatic,  and  although  it  possesses  some 
fine  passages  it  failed  in  commanding  attention." — D.  M.  MOIR  : 
Sketches  of  the  Poet.  Lit.  of  Vie  Past  Half-Century. 

2.  The  Sabbath;  a  Poem.  Anon.,  1804,  8vo;  2d  ed.,  with 
Sabbath  Walks,  1805,  12mo.     3  eds.  same  year. 

"The  greater  part  of  it  is  written  in  a  heavy  and  inelegant  man 
ner.  ...  It  contains  a  good  deal  of  doctrine  and  argumentation, 
indeed,  both  in  the  text  and  in  the  notes;  but  nothing  that  is  not 
either  very  trite  or  very  shallow  and  extravagant.  .  .  .  The  whole 
publication,  indeed,  though  not  entitled  to  stand  in  the  first  rank 
of  poetical  excellence,  is  respectably  executed,  and  may  be  consi 
dered  as  very  creditable,  either  to  a  beginner,  or  to  one  who  does 
not  look  upon  poetry  as  his  primary  vocation." — LORD  JEFFREY  : 
Edin.  Rev.,  v.  437-442. 

"  While  the  criticasters  of  his  own  country  were  pronouncing 
sentence  of  condemnation  upon  it,  for  its  pious  dulness  and  in 
anity,  the  Sabbath  had  found  its  way  from  one  end  of  Great  Britain 
to  the  other."— ROBERT  SOUTHEY  :  Lon.  Quar.  Rev.,  iii.  456-461. 

"The  poem  of  the  Sabbath  will  long  endear  the  name  of  James 
Grahame  to  all  who  love  the  due  observance  of  Sunday  and  are 
acquainted  with  the  devout  thoughts  and  poetic  feeling  which  it 
inspires." — ALLAN  CUNNINGHAM  :  ubi  supra. 

3.  Biblical  Pictures.     Lord  Byron  styles  this  and  the 
preceding  work  "two  volumes  of  cant,  by  sepulchral  Gra 
hame."     The  world  would  not  have  been  the  loser  if  his 
lordship  had  favoured  us  with  some  of  the  same  kind  of 
"cant"  in  lieu  of  his  Don  Juan  and   productions  of  a 
similar  character. 

4.  Birds  of  Scotland,  and  other  Poems,  1806,  cr.  8vo  and 
12mo. 

"Grahame's  Birds  of  Scotland  is  a  delightful  poem;  yet  its  best 
passages  are  not  superior  to  some  of  Clare's  about  the  same  charm 
ing  creatures— and  they  are  both  ornithologists  after  Audubon's 
and  our  own  heart."— PROF.  JOHN  WILSON  :  Recreations  of  Christo 
pher  North :  An  Hour's  Talk  about  Poetry. 

"The  Birds  of  Scotland  is  a  fine  series  of  pictures,  giving  the 
form,  the  plumage,  the  haunts  and  habits  of  each  individual  bird 
with  a  graphic  fidelity  rivalling  the  labours  of  Wilson."— ALLAN 
CUNNINGHAM  :  ul>i  supra. 

"  The  work  by  which  Mr.  Grahame  is  already  known  to  the  pub 
lic  [The  SabbathJ  is  distinguished  by  the  abundance  of  faithful 


delineation  of  natural  objects,  and  the  interest  thrown  over  them 
by  the  strong  expression  of  characteristic  sentiments ;  and  the  same 
truth  and  force  of  description,  with  the  same  interest  arising  from 
the  development  of  the  writer's  mind,  will  be  found  in  the  Birds 
of  Scotland."— ion.  Month.  Rev. 

"We  need  not  add  that  the  perusal  of  this  volume  has  afforded 
us  a  very  uncommon  degree  of  pleasure.  The  sensibility,  without 
any  affectation,  which  the  author  on  all  occasions  displays,  cannot 
fail  to  interest  every  reader:  he  plainly  feels  every  charm  of  na 
ture  he  describes." — Lon.  Literary  Journal. 

5.  Poems,  Lon.,  1807,  2  vols.  8vo. 

"  His  Sabbath  Walks,  Biblical  Pictures,  and  Rural  Calendar,  are 
all  alike  remarkable  for  accuracy  of  description,  and  an  original 
turn  of  thought." — ALLAN  CUNNINGHAM  :  ubi  supra. 

6.  British  Georgics,  1809,  4to. 

"In  The  British  Georgics,  the  last  and  most  ambitious  of  Gra 
hame's  productions,  we  have  disappointment,  less  from  the  tailing 
off  in  power  than  from  the  unhappy  selection  of  subject.  .  . .  At 
all  events,  we  know  that  the  British  agriculturist  neglects  James 
Grahame's  Georgics  for  Henry  Stephens's  Book  of  the  Farm."— 
D.  M.  MOIR  :  Poet.  Lit.  of  the  Past  Half-Century- 

"No  practical  farmer,  he  may  depend  upon  it,  will  ever  submit 
to  be  schooled  in  blank  verse,  however  near  it  may  approach  to 
prose,  or  will  ever  condescend  to  look  into  the  British  Georgics  for 
instruction;  while  the  lovers  of  poetry  must  be  very  generally  dis 
gusted  by  the  tediousness  of  those  discourses  on  practical  hus 
bandry,  which  break  in  every  now  and  then,  so  ungracefully,  on 
the  Idftier  strains  of  the  poet.  They  who  do  read  on,  however,  will 
be  rewarded,  we  think,  by  many  very  pleasing  and  beautiful  pas 
sages;  and  even  those  whose  natures  are  too  ungentle  to  admire 
this  kind  of  poetry  must  love  the  character  from  which  it  pro 
ceeds,  and  which  it  has  so  strong  a  tendency  to  form." — LORD 
JEFFREY  :  Edin.  Rev.,  xvi.  213-223. 

"It  does  not  exhibit  any  particular  system  of  husbandry;  it 
amuses  rather  than  instructs,  and  recommends  the  study  of  the 
science  rather  than  teaching  of  it.  The  work  embraces  a  mixed 
description,  and  is  lavish  on  rural  modes  and  manners;  the  poetry 
is  both  lame  and  tame,  and  never  rises  beyond  a  feebleness  of  con 
ception,  and  a  descriptive  halt.  The  portion  of  practical  knowledge 
is  very  minute,  with  incidental  notices  of  new  introductions." — 
Donaldson's  Agricult.  Biog. 

"  If  the  poet  has  failed  in  his  present  attempt,  the  fault  lies 
chiefly  in  the  subject.  There  are  the  same  marks  of  a  pious  mind, 
of  amiable  feelings,  and  of  accurate  observation  of  njitural  objects, 
as  in  his  former  works;  but  unhappily  he  has  bound  himself  not 
merely  to  describe  the  operations  of  agriculture  throughout  the 
year,  from  January  to  December,  but  to  give  directions  for  them; 
for  drying  manure  and  lime,  preparing  compost,  spreading  manure, 
ploughing,  paring,  and  burning,  &c.  What  can  be  done  with  such 
subjects?"— Lon.  Quar.  Rev.,  iii.  456-461. 

7.  Poems  on  the  Abolition  of  the  Slave  Trade,  with  en 
gravings  from  pictures  by  Smirke,  1810,  4to. 

Few  poets  have  been  more  highly  commended  by  emi 
nent  authorities  than  the  author  of  the  Sabbath : 

"The  genius  of  Grahame  ...  is  characterized  by  that  cheerful 
ness  which  seeks  and  sees  beauty  in  all  the  aspects  of  creation, 
and  finds  delight  in  whatever  is  high,  '  holy,  pure,  and  of  good 
report.'  This  must  be  felt  by  every  one  capable  of  dissociating 
fanaticism  from  true  religion  and  of  believing  that  Christianity 
and  gloom,  instead  of  being  synonymous  terms,  are  utterly  irre 
concilable  and  separated." — D.  M.  MOIR  :  ubi  supra. 

"  There  is  a  quiet  natural  ease  about  all  his  descriptions ;  a  light 
and  shade  both  of  landscape  and  character  in  all  his  pictures,  and 
a  truth  and  beauty  which  prove  that  he  copied  from  his  own  emo 
tions,  and  painted  with  the  aid  of  his  own  eyes,  without  looking, 
as  Dryden  said,  through  the  spectacles  of  books." — ALLAN  CUN- 
NINOHAM:  ubi  supra. 

"  His  taste  was  singular,  and  his  manner  correspondent.  The 
general  tenour  of  his  style  is  homely,  and  frequently  so  prosaic 
that  its  peculiar  graces  appear  in  their  full  lustre  from  the  con 
trast  of  meanness  that  surrounds  them.  His  readers  may  be  few ; 
but  whoever  does  read  him  will  probably  be  oftener  surprised  into 
admiration  than  in  the  perusal  of  any  one  of  his  contemporaries. 
The  most  lively,  the  most  lovely  sketches  of  natural  scenery,  of 
|  minute  imagery,  and  of  exquisite  incident,  unexpectedly  developed, 
occur  in  his  compositions,  with  ever-varying  yet  ever-assimilating 
features." — JAMES  MONTGOMERY:  Lects.  on  Genl.  Lit.,  Poet.,  <£c. 
"Such  glory,  Grahame!  thine :  Thou  didst  despise 

To  win  the  ear  of  this  degenerate  age 

By  gorgeous  epithets,  all  idly  heap'd 

On  theme  of  earthly  state,  or,  idler  still, 

By  tinkling  measures  and  unchasten'd  lays, 

Warbled  to  pleasure  and  her  siren-train, 

Profaning  the  best  name  of  poesy. 

With  loftier  aspirations,  and  an  aim 

More  worthy  man's  immortal  nature.  Thou 

That  holiest  spirit  that  still  loves  to  dwell 

In  the  upright  heart  and  pure,  at  noon  o,°  night 

Didst  fervently  invoke,  and,  led  by  her 

Above  the  Aonian  mount,  send  from  the  lUrs 

Of  heaven  such  soul-subduing  melody 

As  Bethlehem  shepherds  heard  when  Christ  was  born." 

JOHN  WILSOW. 

Grahame,  James.  A  Defence  of  the  Usury  Laws 
against  the  Arguments  of  Mr.  Bentham  and  the  Edinburgh 
Reviewers,  Edin.,  1817,  8vo. 

Grahame,  James,  pub.  An  Inquiry  into  the  Prin 
ciples  of  Population,  Edin.,  1816,  8vo;  Who  is  to  Blame? 
or,  Cursory  Review  of  the  American  Apology  for  Ame 
rican  Accession  to  Negro  Slavery,  Lon.,  1842,  8vo;  and 
some  Poems  on  the  Abolition  of  Slavery;  but  is  best 
known  by  The  History  of  the  Rise  and  Progress  of  the 


GRA 

United  States  of  North  America  till  the  British  Revo 
lution  in  1688,  Lon.,  1827,  2  vols.  8vo.  New  ed,  with  a 
Continuation,  bringing  the  history  down  to  the  year  1776, 
1836,  4  vols.  8vo.  Repub.  in  Phila.,  1845,  4  vols.  8vo; 
1846,  2  vols.  8vo ;  1848,  2  vols.  8vo.  The  2d  Amer.  ed. 
contains  a  Memoir  by  President  Quincy,  to  which  we 
refer  the  reader.  See  also  The  Memory  of  the  late 
James  Grahame,  the  Historian  of  the  United  States,  Vin 
dicated  from  the  Charges  of  Mr.  Bancroft,  by  Josiah 
Quincy,  Bost.,  1846,  8vo. 

"  There  can  be  no  doubt  that  his  researches  after  materials  for 
his  purpose  have  been  extensive,  and  that  his  use  of  authorities 
has  been  laborious  and  careful.  And  his  style,  though  sus 
ceptible  of  improvement,  is  in  general  clear,  simple,  and  there 
fore  agreeable.  Its  chief  deficiency  is  in  force :  but  it  requires  only 
a  little  more  cultivation  and  revision  to  ensure  for  it  the  praise 
of  perfect  correctness  and  even  elegance.  The  few  marks  of  bad 
taste  and  defective  judgment  which  Mr.  Grahame  has  betrayed 
call  rather  for  friendly  admonition  than  severe  censure." — Lon. 
Month.  Rev.,  cxii.  407-419,  1827. 

"A  valuable  acquisition  to  the  History  of  the  World.  In  these 
volumes  Mr.  Grahame  has  philosophically  investigated  the  origin 
and  progress  of  one  of  the  most  extraordinary  revolutions  that 
have  ever  occupied  the  attention  of  mankind." — Lon.  Literary 
Gazette. 

"With  an  apparent  desire  to  be  above  prejudice,  with  industry 
equal  to  a  thorough  investigation  of  facts,  and  with  a  spirit  able 
to  appreciate  the  value  of  his  subject,  Mr.  Grahame  has  published 
what  we  conceive  to  be  the  best  book  that  has  anywhere  appeared 
upon  the  early  history  of  the  United  States.  He  has  corrected, 
with  a  proper  boldness,  the  mistakes,  whether  of  ignorance  or  ma 
lignity,  which  his  predecessors  in  the  same  labors  had  committed." 
— C.  F.  ADAMS:  N.  Amer.  Rev.,  xxxii.  174-195,  1831. 

"  The  most  thorough  work,  and  incomparably  the  best  on  the 
subject  previous  to  the  appearance  of  Mr.  Bancroft's,  is  the  well- 
known  history  by  Mr.  Grahame,  a  truly  valuable  book,  in  which 
the  author,  though  a  foreigner,  has  shown  himself  capable  of 
appreciating  the  motives  and  comprehending  the  institutions  of 
our  Puritan  ancestors.  He  has  spared  no  pains  in  the  investiga 
tion  of  such  original  sources  as  were  at  his  command;  and  has 
conducted  his  inquiries  with  much  candor,  manifesting  through 
out  the  spirit  of  a  scholar  and  a  gentleman." — WM.  H.  PRESCOTT  :  N. 
Amer.  Rev.,  lii.  83-84, 1841.  See  also  Ferdinand  and  Isabella,  llth 
ed.,  vol.  ii.  497,  n. 

"  It  is  written  with  great  gravity  and  dignity,  moderation  and 
justice." — CHANCELLOR  KENT. 

Yet  this  excellent  work  was  suffered  to  lie  on  the  book 
sellers'  shelves  in  London  :  the  reasons  for  which  are  satis 
factorily  stated  by  Mr.  Adams  and  Mr.  Prescott.  We 
must  not  omit  to  call  the  attention  of  the  reader  to  Mr. 
Grahsvme's  amusing  lamentations  over  the  humour  of  the 
illustrious  Chronicler  of  Knickerbocker: 

"If  this  writer  had  confined  his  ridicule  to  the  wars,  or  rather 
bloodless  buffetinjrs  and  squabbles,  of  the  Dutch  and  the  Swedes, 
his  readers  would  have  derived  more  unreproved  enjoyment  from 
his  performance.  Probably  my  discernment  of  the  unsuitableness 
of  Mr.  Irving's  mirth  is  quickened  by  a  sense  of  personal  wrong, 
as  I  cannot  help  feeling  that  he  has  by  anticipation  ridiculed  my 
topic  and  parodied  my  narrative.  If  Sancho  Panza  had  been  a 
real  governor,  misrepresented  by  the  wit  of  Cervantes,  his  future 
historian  would  have  found  it  no  easy  matter  to  bespeak  a  grave 
attention  to  the  annals  of  his  administration." 

Grahame,  Simeon.  1.  The  Passionate  Sparke  of  a 
Relenting  Minde,  Lon.,  1604,  4to.  This  is  a  collection  of 
poems.  Lloyd,  527,  £9  12s.  2.  The  Anatomic  of  Humours, 
Edin.,  1609,  4to.  Gordonstoun,  1058,  £4  14s.  6rf.  Reed, 
2170,  £2  7s.  Bindley,  pt.  2,  1448,  £7  17s.  6rf.  This  con 
sists  of  prose  intermixed  with  verse.  It  is  thought  that 
it  suggested  to  Burton  the  first  idea  of  his  Anatomie  of 
Melancholic. 

Graile,  Edmund.  Little  Timothy's  Lesson;  or,  The 
Hist,  of  the  Bible  in  metre,  Lon.,  1611,  8vo. 

Graile,  John.  1.  Doctrine  of  Conditions  in  the  Cove 
nant  of  Grace  against  W.  Eyre.  With  Preface  by  Count 
Jessop  in  vindic.  of  Dr.  Twisse,  Lon.,  1665,  4to.  2.  Sacra 
Privata,  2  pts.,  1699,  8vo. 

Graile,  John,  of  Blickling.     Serms.,  1685,  1720. 
Grainger,  Edward.     Med.  and  Surg.  Remarks,  &c., 
Lon.,  1815,  8vo. 

Grainger,  James,  M.D.,  1723F-1767,  a  native  of 
Dunse,  served  for  some  time  as  a  surgeon  in  the  army  in 
Scotland  and  Germany;  afterwards  practised  as  a  phy 
sician,  first  in  London,  and  subsequently  at  St.  Christo 
pher's,  in  the  West  Indies.  He  died  in  the  latter  place 
in  1767.  1.  Historia  Febris  Anomalae  Batavse,  annorum 
1746-47-48,  Ac.,  Edin.,  1753,  8vo.  2.  Poet.  Trans,  of  the 
Elegies  of  Tibullus  and  of  the  Poems  of  Sulpicia,  Lon., 
1758,  2  vols.  12mo.  Severely  criticized  by  Smollett  in  the 
Critical  Review.  This  criticism  elicited — 3.  A  Letter  to 
Smollett,  1759,  8vo.  4.  The  Sugar-Cane ;  a  Poem  in  10 
Books,  with  Notes,  1764,  4to.  This  subject  was  not  the 
best  that  could  have  been  selected  for  poetical  treatment, 
and  the  language  is  not  always  of  the  most  elevated 
description : 

"  In  the  West  Indies  this  poem  might  have  charms,  if  readers 


GRA 

could  be  found ;  but  what  poetical  fancy  can  dwell  on  the  economy 
of  canes  and  copper-boilers,  or  find  interest  in  the  transactions  of 
planters  and  sugar-brokers?  His  invocations  to  his  muse  are  so 
frequent  and  abrupt,  that  '  the  assembled  wits  at  Sir  Joshua  Rey- 
nolds's  might  hare  found  many  passages  as  ludicrous  as  that 
which  excited  their  mirth.'" 

The  "ludicrous  passage"  referred  to  is  quoted  in  the 
following  anecdote,  which  we  find  in  Boswell's  Life  of 
Johnson : 

"  Having  talked  of  Grainger's  Sugar-Cane,  I  mentioned  to  him 
Mr.  Langton's  having  told  me  that  this  poem,  when  read  in  manu 
script  at  Sir  Joshua  Reynolds's,  had  made  all  the  assembled  wits 
burst  into  a  laugh  when,  after  much  blank  verse  pomp,  the  poet 
began  a  new  paragraph  thus : 

' Now,  Muse,  let's  sing  of  rats' 

And  what  increased  the  ridicule  was,  that  one  of  the  company, 
who  slyly  overlooked  the  reader,  perceived  that  the  word  had  been 
originally  mice,  and  had  been  altered  to  rats,  as  more  dignified." 

But  this  story  requires  an  explanation,  for  which  the 
reader  is  referred  to  Boswell.     Miss  Reynolds  gives  rather 
a  different  version,  and  tells  us  that  when  Johnson  heard 
the  poein  read,  and  the  author  came  to  the  line 
"  Say,  shall  I  sing  of  rats  ?" 

"  No !"  cried  Dr.  Johnson,  with  great  vehemency. 

Boswell  remarks : 

"  Dr.  Johnson  said  to  me,  '  Percy,  Sir,  was  angry  with  me  for 
laughing  at  the  Sugar-Cane :  for  he  had  a  mind  to  make  a  great 
thing  of  Grainger's  rats.' " 

The  objectionable  line  was  altered.  Dr.  Johnson  cer 
tainly  liked  the  poem,  on  the  whole,  and  sent  a  favourable 
review  of  it  to  the  London  Chronicle  of  July  5, 1764.  We 
quote  some  other  opinions : 

"The  novelty  of  West  Indian  scenery  inspired  him  with  the 
unpromising  subject  of  the  Sugar-cane,  in  which  he  very  poetically 
dignifies  the  poor  negroes  with  the  name  of '  swains.' " — Campbell's 
Essay  on  English  Poetry. 

"  If  Grainger  has  invoked  the  muse  to  sing  of  rats,  and  meta 
morphosed  in  Arcadian  phrase  negro  slaves  into  swains,  the  feult 
is  in  the  writer,  not  in  the  lyric.  The  arguments  which  he  has 
prefixed  are  indeed  ludicrously  flat  and  formal." — ROBERT  SOUTHEY  : 
Lon.  Quar.  Rev.,  xi.  489,  q.  v. 

And  see  also  Johnson  and  Chalmers's  Poets,  1810 ;  Chal 
mers's  Biog.  Diet. 

The  Great  Cham  of  Literature  was  also  greatly  delighted 
with  Grainger's  Ode  on  Solitude,  which  appeared  in  Dods- 
ley's  Collection: 

"When  repeating  to  me  one  day  Grainger's  Ode  on  Solitude, 
I  shall  never  forget  the  concordance  of  the  sound  of  his  voice  with 
the  grandeur  of  these  images ;  nor,  indeed,  the  Gothic  dignity  of 
his  aspect,  his  look  and  manner,  when  repeating  sublime  passages.'' 
— Miss  REYNOLDS. 

"  He  praised  Grainger's  Ode  on  Solitude  in  Dodsley's  Collection, 
and  repeated,  with  great  energy,  the  exordium,  .  .  .  observing, 
'  This,  Sir,  is  very  noble.' " — BOSWELL. 

"  In  it  (the  Ode)  are  assembled  some  of  the  sublimest  images  in 
nature." — BISHOP  PERCY. 

5.  West  India  Diseases,  1764,  8vo.  6.  Dysentery;  in 
Ess.  Phys.  and  Lit.,  1756.  Dr.  Grainger  was  also  the 
author  of  many  contributions  to  the  Monthly  Review  and 
the  Grand  Magazine,  and  of  other  productions,  for  an  ac 
count  of  which,  and  for  an  interesting  biography  of  the 
author,  we  must  refer  the  reader  to  Nichols's  Illustrations 
of  Literary  History,  vol.  vii.  In  this  vol.  will  also  be 
found  the  correspondence  of  Grainger  with  his  friend 
Bishop  Percy,  who  commends  him  in  no  measured  terms : 

"  He  was  not  only  a  man  of  genius  and  learning,  but  had  many 
excellent  virtues,  being  one  of  the  most  generous,  friendly,  and 
benevolent  men  I  ever  knew." 

Grainger,  T.  B.     See  KENNEDY,  L. 

Gran  an,  Edward.  Trans,  into  English  verse  of 
Vida's  Christiad,  Lon.,  1772,  8vo. 

Grand,  Wm.  A  Letter  to  the  Vice-Chancellor  of  the 
Univ.  of  Cambridge,  1798. 

Grandi,  S  •  Method  of  preparing  pannels  for  Painters  • 
Nic.  Jour.,  1807. 

Grange,  Lady.  Epistle  to  Edward  D.,  Lon.,  1798, 4to. 

Grange,  John.  The  Golden  Aphroditis :  whereunto 
be  annexed  his  garden,  Lon.,  1577,  4to.  Again,  sine  anno, 
4to.  Part  verse,  part  prose. 

"  Of  John  Grange  I  have  not  met  with  any  biographical  intima 
tion  :  but  as  a  poetical  writer  he  is  placed  by  Webbe  with  Whet 
stone,  Munday,  Ac.,  and  not  without  propriety." — Censura  Lite- 
raria,  ed.  1815,  i.  378-386,  where  see  copious  extracts ;  see  also 
Webbe's  Discourse  of  English  Poetrie,  1586;  Ritson's  Bibl.  Poet., 

Granger,  Gideon,  1767-1822,  a  native  of  Suffield, 
Connec.,  a  member  of  the  Senate  of  New  York,  and 
Postmaster-General  of  the  U.  States  1801-14,  pub.  some 
essays,  under  the  signature  of  Senectus,  on  the  school- 
fund  ;  and  a  number  of  papers  in  1809  (signed  Algernon 
Sidney)  and  in  1820  (signed  Epaminondas)  in  favour  of 
the  administrations  respectively  of  President  Jefferson 
and  of  Governor  Clinton  of  New  York. 

Granger,  James,  d.  1776,  aged  about  60,  was 
educated  at  Christ  Church,  Oxford,  and  became  Vicar 


GRA 

of  Shiplake,  in  Oxfordshire.  He  pub.  two  serms.,  1772, 
'73,  but  is  best  known  by  his  Biographical  Hist,  of 
England,  from  Egbert  the  Great  to  the  Revolution,  con 
sisting  of  Characters  dispersed  in  different  Classes,  and 
adapted  to  a  Methodical  Catalogue  of  Engraved  British 
Heads.  Intended  as  an  Essay  towards  reducing  our  Bio 
graphy  to  system,  and  a  help  to  the  knowledge  of  Por 
traits  ;  with  a  variety  of  Anecdotes  and  Memoirs  of  a  great 
number  of  persons,  not  to  be  found  in  any  other  Biogra 
phical  Work.  With  a  Preface,  showing  the  utility  of  a 
collection  of  Engraved  Portraits  to  supply  the  defect,  and 
answer  the  various  purposes  of  Medals,  Lon.,  1769,  2  vols. 
4to.  Supplet.,  consisting  of  Corrections,  large  Additions, 
Ac.,  1774,  4to;  2d  ed.,  with  addits.  and  improvements, 
1775,  4  vols.  8vo ;  3d  ed.,  4  vols.  8vo  ;  4th  ed.,  1804,  4  vols. 
8vo;  5th  ed.  with  upwards  of  400  addit.  Lives,  1824,  6  vols. 
8vo.  The  impressions  of  Granger's  Hist.,  pub.  by  Baynes, 
are  in  6  vols.  8vo,  £3  3s. ;  with  Plates,  £8  8s. ;  6  vols.  r. 
8vo,  £4  10s.;  with  Plates,  £12  12s.;  3  vols.  fol.,  £18; 
with  Plates,  India,  £31  10s.  To  Granger's  History  the 
collector  must  add — I.  Rev.  Mark  Noble's  continuation 
of  Granger's  History : — from  the  Revolution  to  the  end 
of  George  L's  Reign.  The  Materials  being  supplied  by 
the  Manuscripts  left  by  Mr.  Granger  and  the  Collections 
of  the  Editor,  1806,  3  vols.  8vo.  II.  A  Collection  of  Eng 
lish  Portraits,  (310  in  number,)  engraved  from  rare  Prints 
or  Original  Pictures,  8vo,  pub.  by  Richardson.  The  late 
impressions  are  inferior.  Bindley,  Pt.  3,  1572,  72  Nos., 
£6  16s.  6d.  III.  Copies  of  Rare  Granger  Portraits,  in 
cluding  some  to  Noble's  Supplement,  1820-22,  8vo,  pub. 
by  T.  &  H.  Rodd,  in  Nos.  at  6s.  each.  Large  paper,  4to, 
7s.  Qd.  each.  Proofs  in  India  paper,  12s.  each.  If  he 
have  an  illustrated  copy,  he  will  not  need  the  two  pre 
ceding  works.  IV.  Letters  between  the  Rev.  James 
Granger  and  many  of  the  most  eminent  literary  men  of 
his  Time,  <fcc.,  1805,  8vo. 

As  Granger's  passion  for  portraits  has  been  but  little 
understood  by  some  readers,  it  is  but  just  to  quote  his 
own  words  in  his  vindication  : 

"  In  every  age  and  nation  distinguished  for  arts  and  learning, 
the  inclination  of  transmitting  the  memory  and  even  the  features 
of  illustrious  persons  to  posterity  has  uniformly  prevailed.  The 
greatest  poets,  orators,  and  historians  were  contemporaries  with 
the  most  celebrated  painters,  statuaries,  and  engravers  of  gems 
and  medals ;  and  the  desire  to  be  acquainted  with  a  man's  aspect 
has  ever  risen  in  proportion  to  the  known  excellence  of  his  cha 
racter  and  the  admiration  of  his  writings." 

The  publication  of  Granger's  work  excited  an  eager 
competition  for  portraits,  and  unfortunately  many  of  his 
disciples  carried  their  zeal  to  the  highly-censurable  ex 
treme  of  mutilating  valuable  works  for  the  sake  of  the 
portraits  which  they  contained : 

"Previously  to  the  publication  of  the  first  edition  of  this  work 
in  1769,  five  shillings  was  considered  a  liberal  price  by  collectors 
for  any  English  portrait;  and  the  late  Lord  Oxford,  Sir  William 
Musgrave,  and  Richard  Bull,  Esq..  have  declared  to  several  per 
sons  still  living,  that  the  most  valuable  prints  in  their  Collections 
were  purchased  by  them  at,  or  under,  that  sum.  But  on  the  ap 
pearance  of  Mr.  Granger's  work,  the  rage  to  illustrate  it  with 
portraits  was  so  prevalent,  that  scarcely  a  copy  of  a  book  orna 
mented  with  portraits  could  be  found  in  an  unmutilated  state ;  and 
books  of  this  description  rose  in  price  to  five  times  their  original 
value.  Holland's  '  Herologia,'  Anderson's  '  Genealogical  History 
of  the  House  of  Yvery,'  Dugdale's  '  Origines  Juridicales,'  Birch's 
'Lives  of  Illustrious  Persons,'  Collins's  'History  of  the  Noble 
Houses  of  Vere  and  Cavendish,'  Rapin's  and  Larrey's  '  History  of 
England,'  Smith's  '  History  of  Virginia,'  Clarke's  and  Lupton's 
'Lives  of  Eminent  Divines,'  Knight's  'Lives  of  Erasmus  and 
Dean  Colet,'  and  all  works  of  a  similar  description,  have  been 
freely  plundered  for  the  sake  of  their  attractive  embellishments." 
-Pre/,  to  f>th  ed.  of  Granger's  Biog.  Hist,  of  Eng. 

Rowe  Mores,  in  his  criticism  upon  Ames's  Catalogue 
of  English  Heads,  is  loud  in  his  complaint  of  these  muti- 
lators — often  depredators  : 

"If  this  gout  for  prints  and  thieving  continues,  let  private 
owners  and  public  libraries  look  well  to  their  books,  for  there  will 
not  remain  a  valuable  book  ungarbled  by  their  connoisseuring 
villany ;  for  neither  honesty  nor  oaths  restrain  them." 

This  is  a  tempting  subject,  but  we  must  fly  from  it.  We 
have  touched  upon  a  branch  of  this  illustrating  mania  in 
our  article  on  BAGFORD,  JOHN.  The  literary  merit  of 
Granger  s  History  is  of  a  high  order  • 

"Granger's  Biographical  History  is  full  of  curious  anecdotes, 
but  might  have  been  better  done;  the  dog  is  a  Whig."— DR. 
JOHNSON". 

"I  have,  since  I  saw  you,  read  every  word  of  Granger's  Biogra 
phical  History.  It  has  entertained  me  exceedingly,  and  I  do  ™t 
think  him  the  Wliig  that  you  supposed."— Boswdlto  Dr  John^ti 
Aug.  30, 1776. 

It  is  a  curious  fact  that  this  remark,  to  "exceedingly," 
is  generally  quoted  as  Johnson's  instead  of  Boswell's. 
Even  Wright,  one  of  Boswell's  commentators,  commits 
this  serious  error. 

"  I  have  rfo  hesitation  in  designating  it  as  a  delightful  and  in- 


GRA 

structive  book ;  but  whoever  republishes  it  should  add  the  por 
traits  of  the  different  characters  which  were  unknown  to  the 
author.  Considering  that  Granger  may  be  said  to  have  first  walked 
the  field  alone,  it  is  surprising  what  he  has  done.  His  catalogue 
of  engraved  heads  is  immense.  His  style  is  always  clear,  pointed, 
and  lively:  and  if  he  talked  and  preached  as  he  wrote  in  his  bio 
graphical  history,  it  would  have  been  difficult  to  have  withdrawn 
attention  from  so  intelligent  a  quarter."— Dibdin's  Lib.  Cbmp. 

See  Noble's  Continuation  of  Granger's  Hist;  Nichols's 
Lit.  Anec. ;  Chalmers's  Biog.  Diet.,  and  authorities  there 
cited.  Respecting  Illustrated  Copies  of  books,  see  Dib 
din's  Bibliomania,  ed.  1842,  500-511. 

In  our  article  on  DIBDIN,  THOMAS  FROGNALL,  we  have 
noticed  a  number  of  illustrated  copies  of  several  of  his 
works.  Among  the  most  splendid  examples  of  illustrated 
works  are — 1.  The  Shakspeare,  containing  more  than  2300 
prints,  bound  in  20  vols.,  sold  at  Hanrott's  sale  for  £556 
10s.  2.  The  Shakspeare  in  the  possession  of  Earl  Spencer, 
illustrated  by  Lady  Lucan  ;  the  labour  of  sixteen  years. 
See  Dibdin's  Bibliomania,  ed.  1842,  p.  498.  3.  The 
Bowyer  Bible,  in  45  folio  vols.,  with  more  than  6000  prints, 
valued  at  3000  guineas  ;  put  up  to  raffle  among  4000  sub 
scribers  at  a  guinea  each,  and  sold  by  the  winner  at 
auction  to  Mr.  Willis,  of  Covent  Garden,  for  £405.  It 
subsequently  became  the  property  of  Mr.  John  Albinson, 
of  Bolton,  and  was  sold  at  the  sale  of  his  library,  March, 
1856,  to  Mr.  Robert  Hey  wood,  of  Bolton,  for  £550.  4.  The 
copy  of  Clarendon's  Rebellion,  illustrated  by  Alexander 
Hendras  Sutherland,  at  an  expense  of  nearly  £10,000. 
To  add  to  the  wealth  of  this  copy,  Mrs.  Sutherland  paid 
eighty  guineas  for  one  plate,  containing  the  portraits  of 
James  I.  and  his  Queen,  Anne  of  Denmark,  by  Renold 
Elstrake.  5.  The  copy  of  Lefevre's  edit,  of  Voltaire's 
works,  1829-34,  90  vols.  8vo ;  sold  in  Paris,  in  1856,  for 
£223;  estimated  worth,  £800.  The  illustration  of  the 
works  of  this  mischievous  writer  and  bad  man  cost  the 
labour  of  twenty  years;  12,000  engravings,  of  which 
10,000  are  portraits,  are  inserted.  Of  Granger's  own 
work,  we  observe  that  Mr.  Joseph  Lilly  and  Mr.  George 
Willis,  of  London,  have  each  on  hand  at  this  moment 
(1856)  a  magnificent  illustrated  copy.  Mr.  Lilly's  copy 
(which  includes  Noble's  continuation)  is  illustrated  by 
more  than  1300  portraits,  bound  in  27  vols.  imp.  4to, 
price  £42.  Mr.  Willis's  copy  contains  more  than  3000 
portraits,  bound  in  19  vols.  fol.,  price  £38  10s.  It  cost 
the  former  owner  nearly  £200.  But  we  cannot  regard  a 
volume  of  this  character  without  pain,  not  that  we  love 
portraits  less,  but  books  more :  and  how  many  noble  tomes 
have  been  pillaged  to  add  to  the  ill-gotten  gains  of  "  IL 
LUSTRATED  COPIES  !" 

Granger,  Joseph.  Agricult.  of  the  County  of  Dur 
ham,  <fcc.,  Lon.,  1794,  4to,  pp.  74. 

"  At  the  time  of  its  publication  reckoned  a  good  performance. 
Mr.  Granger  wrote  very  truly  on  the  subject."— Donaldson's  Agri- 
cult.  Biog. 

Granger,  T.  C.  l.Collec.  of  Statutes:  see  EVANS, 
WM.  DAVID.  2.  Sir  T.  E.  Tomlin's  Law  Dictionary,  4th 
ed.,  1835,  2  vols.  4to.  3.  H.  Roscoe's  Law  of  Evid.  in 
Grim.  Cases,  3d  ed.,  1846,  r.  12mo.  4.  In  conjunction 
•with  J.  Manning,  Cases  in  Ct.  of  C.  Pleas,  1840-44, 
7  vols.  r.  8vo,  1841-46.  In  conjunction  with  J.  Manning 
and  J.  Scott,  Common  Bench  Reports,  1845-51,  8  vols. 
r.  8vo.  Regularly  continued. 

Granger,  Thomas.  1.  Expos,  of  the  Ten  Command 
ments,  Lon.,  1616,  8vo.  2.  Divine  Logick,  1620,  4to.  3. 
Serm.,  1620,  8vo.  4.  Expos,  on  Comment,  on  Ecclesiastes, 
1621,  4to. 

Grant.     Serms.,  1780,  6  vols.  12mo. 

Grant,  Mrs.,  of  Croydon.  1.  Sketches  of  Life  and 
Manners,  12mo.  2.  Tales  founded  on  Facts,  12mo. 

"  There  are  Four  Tales  in  this  little  volume— viz.  Ellen— Glencoe 
— the  Captive — and  the  Author.  They  are  naturally  and  pleasingly 
written,  without  much  effort  at  style;  and  what  we  might  find  to 
censure  on  the  score  of  carelessness  in  some  parts  is  amply  com 
pensated  by  the  sound  moral  of  the  whole,  which  recommends  the 
book  as  exceedingly  proper  for  youth." — Lon.  Literary  Gazette. 

Grant,  A.     Modern  Attorney;  2ded.,  Lon.,  1795,  8vo. 

Grant,  Alex.     Use  of  Opium,  Lon.,  1785. 

Grant,  Alex.,  D.D.  Serms.,  Dundee,  1800-05,  3  vols. 
8vo ;  1806,  3  vols.  8vo. 

Grant,  Sir  Alexander.  The  Ethics  of  Aristotle, 
Lon.,  1857-58,  2  vols.  8vo. 

Grant,  Andrew,  M.D.  Hist,  of  Brazil,  Lon.,  1809- 
10,  8vo. 

Grant,  Mrs.  Anne,  1755-1838,  known  as  Mrs.  Grant 
of  Laggan,  was  a  native  of  Glasgow,  and  the  daughter  of 
Duncan  MacVicar,  an  officer  in  the  British  army.  The 
latter  was  ordered  to  America  in  1757,  and  was  followed 
by  his  wife  and  child  in  the  next  year.  When  about  eight 
years  of  age  she  became  acquainted  with  "  Madame  Schuy- 


GRA 

ler,"  of  Albany,  the  widow  of  Colonel  Philip  Schuyler, 
and  aunt  to  the  distinguished  general  of  that  name,  and 
enjoyed  the  advantages  of  her  society  for  the  remaining 
four  years  which  she  spent  in  America.  The  gratitude 
of  the  child  has  been  vividly  recorded  in  the  portrait  of 
Mrs.  Schuyler,  entitled  Memoirs  of  an  American  Lady, 
pub.  in  1808. 

In  1768,  at  the  age  of  13,  Anne  returned  with  her  parents 
to  Scotland,  and  in  1779  was  married  to  the  Rev.  James 
Grant,  minister  of  the  parish  of  Laggan,  Invernesshire, 
who  in  1801  left  her  a  widow  with  eight  children.  After 
the  death  of  her  husband  she  resided  for  some  time  on  a 
small  farm  near  Laggan,  subsequently  in  the  vicinity  of 
Stirling,  and  in  1810  removed  to  Edinburgh,  where  she 
remained  until  her  death  in  1838,  at  the  age  of  83.  She 
enjoyed  the  friendship  of  Bishop  Porteus,  Sir  Walter  Far- 
quhar,  Sir  William  Grant,  and  Sir  Walter  Scott,  by  whose 
hand  the  memorial  was  drawn  up  which  procured  her  a 
pension  of  £100  from  the  year  1826  until  her  death. 

1.  The  Highlanders,  and  other  Poems,  Edin.,  1803,  8vo. 
3000  copies  subscribed  for.     Repub.,  1804,  8vo. 

"  Her  Poetry  is  really  not  very  good ;  and  the  most  tedious,  and 
certainly  the  least  poetical,  volume  which  she  has  produced,  is  that 
•which  contains  her  verses.  The  longest  piece, — which  she  has 
entitled  The  Highlanders, — is  heavy  and  uninteresting ;  and  there 
is  a  want  of  compression  and  finish — a  sort  of  loose,  rambling,  and 
indigested  air — in  most  of  the  others.  Yet  the  whole  collection  is 
enlivened  with  the  sparklings  of  a  prolific  fancy,  and  displays  great 
command  of  language  and  facility  of  versification.  When  we  write 
our  article  upon  unsuccessful  poetry,  we  shall  endeavour  to  explain 
how  these  qualities  may  fail  of  success : — but  in  the  mean  time, 
we  think  there  is  an  elegy  upon  an  humble  friend,  and  an  address 
from  a  fountain,  and  two  or  three  little  pieces,  which  very  fully 
deserve  it; — and  are  written  with  great  beauty,  tenderness,  and 
delicacy."— LORD  JEFFREY  :  Edin.  Rtv.,  xviii.  481-482. 

*'  Mrs.  Grant  in  her  Highlanders  and  other  Poems  respectably 
assisted  in  sustaining  the  honours  of  the  Scottish  muse." — D.  M. 
MOIR:  Sketches  of  the  Poet.  Lit.  of  the  Past  Half-Century. 

2.  Letters  from  the  Mountains ;  being  her  Corresp.  with 
her  Friends,  1773-1803,  Lon.,  1806;  6th  ed.,  edited,  with 
Notes  and  Additions,  by  her  son,  J.  P.  Grant,  1845,  2  vols. 
p.  8vo;  1845,  2  vols.  24mo;  7th  ed.,  1853,  3  vols.  p.  8vo. 

"  No  person,  I  believe,  was  so  astonished  at  their  success  as  my 
self."—  MRS.  GRANT. 

"  Her  Letters  from  the  Mountains,  notwithstanding  the  repulsive 
affectation  of  the  title,  are  among  the  most  interesting  collections 
of  real  letters  that  have  lately  been  given  to  the  public;  and,  being 
indebted  for  no  part  of  their  interest  to  the  celebrity  of  the  names 
they  contain  or  the  importance  of  the  events  they  narrate,  afford, 
in  their  success,  a  more  honourable  testimony  of  the  talents  of  the 
author.  The  great  charm  of  the  correspondence,  indeed,  is  its  per 
fect  independence  on  artificial  helps,  and  the  air  of  fearlessness  and 
originality  which  it  has  consequently  assumed." — LORD  JEFFREY  : 
Edin.  Rev.,  xviii.  480. 

"  The  engaging  volatility  of  youth  apparent  in  the  early  part  of 
the  correspondence,  and  the  good  sense  of  more  ripened  years,  are 
here  equally  pleasing.  The  sentiments  of  the  author  when  occu 
pying  the  various  relative  situations  of  a  daughter,  wife,  mother, 
and  protegee,  are  truly  praiseworthy;  while  the  display  of  a  warm 
and  lively  imagination,  correct  and  animated  language,  and  strokes 
of  real  genius,  with  which  the  letters  abound,  present  still  further 
title  to  our  approbation." — Lon.  Monthly  Review. 

It  is  not  surprising  that  Mrs.  Grant  is  sometimes  inac 
curate  in  her  statements,  and  we  observe  in  a  work  just 
published  the  following  criticism  upon  her  account  of  the 
Massacre  of  Glencoe : 

"I  quote  Mrs.  Grant's  authority  only  for  what  she  herself  heard 
and  saw.  Her  account  of  the  massacre  was  written  apparently 
without  the  assistance  of  books,  and  is  grossly  incorrect.  Indeed 
she  makes  a  mistake  of  two  years  as  to  the  date." — T.  B^Macau- 
lay's  Hist,  of  Eng.,  vol.  iv.,  1856. 

3.  Memoirs  of  an  American  Lady;  with  Sketches  of 
Manners  and  Scenery  in  America,  as  they  existed  previous 
to  the  Revolution,  1808,  2  vols.  12ino;  2d  ed.,  1809;  N. 
York,  1809.  The  "American  Lady"  is  MRS.  SCHCYLER, 
(see  ante;)  but  we  have  also  the  autobiography  of  the  au 
thor's  American  life,  and  much  other  interesting  matter. 

"  The  Memoirs  of  an  American  Lady  contains  a  very  animated 
picture  of  that  sort  of  simple,  tranquil,  patriarchal  life,  which  was 
common  enough  within  these  hundred  years  in  the  central  parts 
of  England;  but  of  which  we  are  rather  inclined  to  think  there  is 
no  specimen  left  in  the  world; — and  which  is  rendered  more  inte 
resting  in  the  present  striking  memorial,  by  the  contrast  of  its 
sober  and  regulated  tenor  with  the  wildnessof  a  settlement  in  the 
desert,  and  its  combination  with  some  peculiarities  in  the  structure 
of  society  derived  from  the  adopted  usages  of  Switzerland  and  Ger 
many."— LORD  JEFFREY:  Edin.  Rev.,  xviii.  482. 

"  The  character  of  the  Lady,  her  way  of  keeping  house  on  a  large 
scale,  the  state  of  the  domestic  slaves,  the  customs  of  the  young 
men  of  Albany,  their  practice  of  robbing  one  another  hi  joke,  &c., 
are  novel  and  curious." 

"Exceedingly  instructive  concerning  the  manners  and  customs 
which  prevailed  in  New  York  Colony  at  the  close  of  the  Eighteenth 
Century."— WM.  II.  SEWARD,  (late  Governor  of  New  York:)  Preface 
to  Nat.  Hist,  of  New  Fork. 

"  A  faithful  narrative  of  the  manner  and  modes  of  life  of  the 
an ti- revolutionary  residents  of  Albany  chiefly." — PEES  CHARLES 
KING. 


GRA 

"  On  the  basis  of  her  very  youthful  recollections,  affected,  with 
out  doubt,  by  the  imaginations  and  prejudices  of  after-years,  sho 
constructed  this  work  at  the  age  of  fifty-two.  It  is  not  without 
interest,  as  may  appear  by  the  references  which  we  have  made  to 
it;  but  no  one  will  suppose  that  it  can  make  much  pretension  to 
accuracy." — ANDREWS  NORTOX  :  2V.  Amer.  Rev.,  Ix.  146 ;  where  see 
an  account  of  Miss  Lowell's  remonstrances  with  Mrs.  Grant  respect- 
ng  the  injustice  charged  upon  the  Memoirs  of  the  latter. 

4.  Essays  on  the  Superstitions  of  the  Highlanders  of 
Scotland.  To  which  are  added  Translations  from  the 
&aelic,  and  Letters  connected  with  those  formerly  pub 
lished,  1811,  2  vols.  12mo. 

"  She  has  very  great  powers  of  description,  both  of  character  and 
scenery — much  force  of  conception,  acuteness,  and  reach  of  mind 
in  reasoning— great  occasional  brightness,  and  perpetual  activity 
of  fancy,— and  a  fine  enthusiasm  for  virtue,  simplicity,— and  the 

Highlands Though  it  be  difficult,  however,  to  keep  pace  with 

her  enthusiasm  in  behalf  of  this  singular  race,  we  agree  perfectly 
in  her  censure  of  the  incurious  indifference  with  which  they  have 
been  hitherto  regarded  by  the  very  same  philosophers  who  think 
themselves  well  employed  in  collecting  uncertain  notices  of  far  less 

interesting  and  less  accessible  nations The  Letters  annexed  to 

these  Essays  are,  like  all  Mrs.  Grant's  letters,  lively,  impressive, 
and  original ;  though  sometimes  in  bad  taste,  and  generally  ver 
bose.  For  the  benefit  of  those  who  have  not  seen  her  former  col 
lection,  we  annex  a  few  specimens This,  to  be  sure,  is  not  ex 
actly  the  style  of  Madame  du  Deffand;— and  yet  there  are  very 
many  people  who  will  like  it  quite  as  well.  And  even  those  who 
would  be  most  scandalized  at  the  comparison  must  confess,  that 
it  indicates  a  far  loftier,  a  far  purer,  and  a  far  happier  character, 
than  that  of  the  witty  lady  with  whose  it  may  be  contrasted."— 
LORD  JEFFREY:  Edin.  Rev.,  xviii.  482-483,  507,  510. 

5.  Eighteen  Hundred  and  Thirteen ;  a  Poem,  1814,  8vo. 
6.  Memoir  and  Correspondence  of  Mrs.  Grant  of  Laggan, 
1844,  3  vols.  p.  8vo;  2d  ed.,  1845,  3  vols.  p.  8vo;  3d  ed., 
1853,  2  vols.  p.  8vo.  These  vols.  consist  of  a  sketch  of 
Mrs.  Grant's  life,  drawn  up  by  herself,  (in  1825,  <fcc.,)  to  the 
year  1806,  and  continued  by  her  son,  and  of  her  letters 
between  1803 — when  she  left  Laggan  for  Woodend — and 
within  a  few  months  of  her  death  in  1838.  The  following 
commendations  of  these  vols. — from  authorities  of  widely 
different  character — are  all  for  which  we  can  find  room : 

"  Most  of  Mrs.  Grant's  letters  are  rich  in  moral  sentiment,  and 
all  are  pre-eminent  in  refined  social  feeling.  Her  style  of  writing 
is  so  pure,  and  her  modes  of  thinking  and  expressing  herself  upon 
every  subject  so  true  to  nature,  that  no  one  of  correct  taste  can 
rise  from  the  perusal  of  her  letters  without  a  consciousness  of  real 
delight." — Lon.  Evangelical  Magazine. 

"  Abounds  in  anecdotes  of  many  celebrated  persons,  well  told, 
novel,  and  full  of  interest.  Mrs.  Grant  discovers  an  astounding 
acuteness  of  intellect,  a  sagacity  of  discrimination,  and,  what  is 
better  still,  a  fervour  of  religious  feeling,  rarely  met  with  in  any 
collection  of  letters  in  the  whole  range  of  English  literature." — 
Court  Journal. 

This  estimable  lady  was  as  great  a  favourite  in  the 
social  circle  as  she  was  with  those  who  only  knew  her 
through  her  enchanting  volumes.  Dr.  Munro  gives  a 
graphic  account  of  the  pleasure  which  he  experienced  in 
he/"company  at  an  evening  party  in  Edinburgh : 

"  Mrs.  Grant  is  really  a  woman  of  great  talents  and  acquire 
ments,  and  might,  without  offence  to  any  one,  talk  upon  any 
subject  she  pleases.  But  I  assure  you  any  person  who  hopes  to 
meet  with  a  blue  stocking,  in  the  ordinary  sense  of  this  term,  in 
this  lady,  will  feel  sadly  disappointed.  .  .  .  The  sound  and  rational 
enjoyment  I  derived  from  my  conversation  with  this  excellent 
person  would  indeed  atone  for  much  more  than  all  the  blue,  stock 
ing  sisterhood  have  ever  been  able  to  inflict  upon  my  patience." 

Mr.  De  Quincey  accidentally  encountered  Mrs.  Grant 
and  her  beautiful  daughter  in  a  stage-coach,  in  1808.  The 
charms  of  the  daughter  of  course  were  not  lost  upon  the 
enthusiastic  temperament  of  the  Opium-Eater;  but  the 
conversation  of  the  mother  seems  to  have  impressed  him 
more  deeply.  In  a  review  of  his  life,  written  many  years 
later,  he  tells  us,  with  much  feeling : 

"  Her  kindness  to  me  was  particularly  flattering ;  and  to  this 
day  I  retain  the  impression  of  the  benignity  which  she — an  esta 
blished  wit,  and  just  then  receiving  incense  from  all  quarters — 
showed  in  her  manners  to  me — a  person  utterly  unknown." — Lite 
rary  Reminiscences. 

Undoubtedly  the  writings  of  Mrs.  Grant  did  much  to 
awaken  that  taste  for  Scotland  and  its  scenery,  its  tradi 
tions  and  its  superstitions,  which  was  at  once  stimulated 
and  gratified  by  the  poems,  the  novels,  and  the  histories, 
of  the  author  of  Waverley.  Than  his  there  can  be  no 
higher  commendation ;  and  we  are  glad  to  be  able  to  add 
it  to  the  many  tributes  which  have  been  offered  to  the  emi 
nent  merits  of  Anne  Grant  of  Laggan : 

"  Her  writings,  deservedly  popular  in  her  own  country,  derive 
their  success  from  the  happy  manner  in  which,  addressing  them 
selves  to  the  national  pride  of  the  Scottish  people,  they  breathe  a 
spirit  at  once  of  patriotism  and  of  that  candour  which  renders 
patriotism  unselfish  and  liberal.  We  have  no  hesitation  in  assert 
ing  our  belief  that  Mrs.  Grant's  writings  have  produced  a  strong 
and  salutary  effect  upon  her  countrymen,  who  not  only  found  re 
corded  in  them  much  of  national  history  and  antiquities  which 
would  otherwise  have  been  forgotten,  but  found  them  combined 
with  the  soundest  and  the  best  lessons  of  virtue  and  morality." 
Such  is  a  brief  extract  from  the  application  to  King 


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George  IV.  for  a  pension  to  Mrs.  Grant,  written  by  Sir 
Walter  Scott,  and  signed  by  himself,  Lord  Jeffrey,  Henry 
Mackenzie,  and  other  gentlemen.  We  have  seen  that  it 
was  successful.  In  addition  to  the  Memoirs  above  referred 
to,  the  reader  will  find  much  of  interest  relating  to  this 
excellent  and  accomplished  woman  in  Mrs.  Elwood's  Lite 
rary  Ladies  of  England,  and  in  a  biographical  article^ in 


N.  Amer.  Rev.,  Ix.  126-156,  by  Andrews  Norton.     See  also 
and  Lockhart's  Life  of  Scott. 


Lon.  Gent.  Mag. ;    Eraser's  Mag.;    the   Eclectic  Review; 


Grant,  Anthony,  D.C.L.,  Archdeacon  of  St.  Alban's. 
The  Past  and  Prospective  Extension  of  the  Gospel  by 
Missions  to  the  Heathen,  considered  in  Eight  Lects.,  at 
the  Bampton  Lecture,  Lon.,  1844,  8vo. 

Grant,  Asahel,  M.D.,  late  Missionary  to  the  Amer. 
Board  of  For.  Missions.     The  Nestorians ;  or,  The  Lost 
Tribes  :  containing  evidence  of  their  identity,  illustrations 
of  Scripture,  Prophecy,  <fcc.,  Lon.,  1841,  Svo;  3d  ed.,  1844. 
•'Curious  information."— BickerstetWs  C.  S. 
"An  important  accession  to  our  stores  of  geographical  know 
ledge;  and  we  hope  it  will  receive,  what  it  richly  deserves,  an  ex 
tensive  circulation  and  an  attentive  perusal."— C7t.  of  Eng.  Quar. 
Rev. 

"  Much  curious  and  interesting  information." — Lon.  Athenaeum. 
Also  highly  commended  by  the  Church  and  State  Ga 
zette,  The  British  Quarterly,  and  other  leading  reviews. 
The  reader  must  also  procure  Rev.  A.  C.  Lathrop's  Me 
moir  of  Dr.  Grant,  pub.  in  N.  York,  and  Rev.  Thos.  Lau 
rie's  (surviving  associate  of  the  Mission)  account  of  Dr. 
Grant  and  the  Mountain  Nestorians,  Bost.,  1853,  12mo; 
3d  ed.,  revised,  1856, 12mo.  The  map  in  this  work  of  the 
Nestorian  country  we  presume  to  be  the  most  correct  in 
existence. 

Grant,  Charles.     Serm.,  Lon.,  1795,  4to. 
Grant,  Charles,  Viscount  de  Vaux.     1.  Memoires  de 
la  Maison  de  Grant,  Lon.,  1796,  8vo.     2.  The  Hist,  of  Mau 
ritius,  or  the  Isle  of  France,  1801,  4to. 

"This  work  is  drawn  principally  from  the  memoirs  of  Baron 
Grant,  by  his  son.  The  Baron  resided  nearly  twenty  years  in  the 
island :  hence,  and  from  his  acquaintance  with  most  of  the  sci 
entific  and  nautical  men  who  visited  the  island,  he  has  been 
enabled  to  collect  much  information  connected  with  its  physical 
state,  its  harbours,  climate,  soil,  productions,  and  the  manners  of 
its  inhabitants." — Stevenson's  Voyages  and  Travels. 
Other  publications. 

Grant,  Charles.  A  Poem  on  the  Restoration  of 
Learning  in  the  East,  Camb.,.  1805,  4to.  This  obtained 
Mr.  Buchanan's  prize. 

Grant,  Charles,  1746-1823,  an  East  Indian  proprie 
tor  and  director,  noted  for  his  zeal  in  the  furtherance  of 
Christianity  and  education  in  India.     Observations  on  the 
State  of  Society  among  the  Asiatic  subjects  of  Great  Bri 
tain.     Printed  by  the  House  of  Commons  in  1813. 
Grant,  D.     Serms.,  Ac.,  Lon.,  1771-86. 
Grant,  David,  M.D.    Med.  Ac.  works,  1801,  '05,  '07, 
all  8vo. 

Grant,  David.     Beauties  of  Modern  English  Poetry; 

3d  ed.,  Lon.,  1848,  12mo ;  5th  ed.,  enlarged. 

"  A  book  of  much  utility." — Moore's  Life  of  Byron. 

Grant,  Duncan,  minister  of  Forbes.     The  Duty  of 

the  Young  to  Love  and  Seek.  Christ,  Edin.,  32mo.     Highly 

commended. 

Grant,  or  Graunt,  Edward,  D.D.,  d.  1601,  emineni 
for  his  learning,  was  educated  at  Westminster  School  and 
at  Christ  Church,  or  at  Broadgates  Hall,  Oxf. ;  Master  of 
Westminster  School,  1572-91 ;  Preb.  of  Ely,  1589.  1.  Grseca 
Linguae  Spicilegium,  Lon.,  1575,  4to.  Epitomized  by  his 
usher  and  successor,  William  Camden,  under  the  title  of 
Institutio  Grseca  Grammatices  Compendiara,  in  usum  Re- 
gise  Scholae  Westmonasteriensis,  1597,  8vo.  See  CAMDEN, 
WILLIAM. 

"  Reprinted  about  one  hundred  times  since."  See  Biog.  Brit., 
2254. 

2.  Letters  and  Poems  of  Roger  Ascham,  with  Oratio,  &c., 
—a  piece  of  his  own,— 1577,  8vo.  3.  Lexicon  Graeco-  Lati- 
num,  Jo.  Crispini  Opera,  Ac.,  opera  et  studio,  E.  G.,  (Ed 
ward  Graham,)  1581,  fol.  See  Watt's  Bibl.  Brit. 

"The  most  noted  Latinist  and  Grecian  of  his  time Esteemed 

a  most  noted  Latin  poet,  as  several  of  his  copies  of  verses,  printed 
in  various  books,  shew,  and  was  well  skill'd  in  all  kind  of  humane 
literature."— Athen.  Own.,  q.  v.  See  also  Biog.  Brit.;  Tanner; 
Bentham's  Ely. 

Grant,  Francis,  Lord  Cullen,  b.  about  1660,  d.  1726, 
an  eminent  Scotch  lawyer  and  judge  under  Queen  Anne. 
1.  The  Loyalist's  Reasons,  <fcc.,  Edin.,  1689,  8vo.  2.  Law, 
Religion,  and  Education  considered,  in  three  Essays, 
1715,  8vo.  3.  A  Key  to  the  Plot,  by  Reflections  on  the 
Rebellion  of  1715,  1716,  8vo. 

Grant, Harding.  1. Advice  to  Trustees,Lon.,1830,8vo. 
"A  useful  little  work,   mainly  designed    for  unprofessional 
readers."    See  2  Leg.  Obs.,  198. 
720 


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2.  Practice  in  Chancery;  5th  ed.,  1845,  2  vols.  12mo. 
"A  very  useful  manual  to  the  Equity  practitioner." — Warren's 

Law  Stu.,  928. 

3.  Ques.  and  Answers  on  above,  1839,  12mo. 
Grant,  J.,  M.D.     Yellow  Fever,  Lon.,  1805,  8vo. 
Grant,  James.     Serms.,  1775,  '77,  both  8vo. 
Grant,  James,  of  Corrimony.     1.  Essays  on  the  Ori- 

in  of  Society,  Language,  <fcc.,  Lon.,  1785,  4to.  2.  Thoughts 
on  the  Origin  and  Descent  of  the  Gael,  1813,  Svo.  Edin., 
1814,  Svo. 

Grant,  James.  An  Enquiry  into  the  Nature  of  Ze- 
mindary  Tenures  in  the  Landed  Property  of  Bengal,  Ac., 
Lon.,  1790,  '91,  4to. 

"  Against  the  proprietary  rights  of  the  Zemindars."— McCullocVs 
Lit.  of  Polit.  Econ. 

Grant,  James,  R.  N.  Voyage  in  the  Lady  Nelson, 
Lon.,  1803,  4to.  Prefixed  is  an  Account  of  the  Origin  of 
Sliding  Keels  and  their  advantages. 

Grant,  James,  editor  of  the  London  Morning  Adver 
tiser,  b.  in  Scotland  about  1806,  has  pub.  a  number  of  in 
structive  and  popular  works,  of  which  the  following  are 
among  the  best  known : — 1.  Random  Recollec.  of  the 
House  of  Lords,  1830-36,  Lon.,  1836,  p.  Svo.  2.  Of  the 
House  of  Commons,  1836,  p.  Svo.  3.  The  British  Senate 
in  1838;  a  2d  Series  of  Nos.  1  and  2,  1838,  2  vols.  p.  Svo. 

"  The  extraordinary  success  of  the  Random  Recollections  of  the 
Lords  and  Commons  has  naturally  enough  led  to  this  publication, 
which  is  executed  with  equal  ability." — Lon.  Athenceum. 

4.  The  Great  Metropolis,  1836,  2  vols.  p.  Svo. 

"  There  is  a  coarseness  and  vulgarity  in  its  style  which  is  repul 
sive.  No  strength;  no  dignity; "no  grace;  no  refinement.  In  a 
word,  the  book  has  very  bad  manners." — II.  W.  LONGFELLOW  :  JV. 
A.  Rev.,  xliv.  461-484,  q.  v. 

5.  The  Great  Metropolis ;  2d  Series,  1837,  2  vols.  p.  Svo. 
"The  author  displays  so  much  shrewdness,  natural  humour, 

and  such  a  vein  of  good-natured  caricature,  that  we  hope  soon  to 
meet  with  him  again." — Edin.  Rev. 

6.  The  Bench  and  the  Bar,  1S37,  2  vols.  p.  Svo. 

"In  these  volumes,  as  in  a  mirror,  the  reader  may  obtain  a 
glance  at  the  leading  legal  luminaries  of  the  day." — Lon.  Sun. 

7.  Travels  in  Town,  1839,  2  vols.  p.  Svo.     8.  Sketches 
in  London,  1838,  Svo. 

" Many  people  wonder  at  the  love  of  London. — Why  so?  It  is 
certainly  the  best  summer  residence — none  other  is  so  cool.  The 
best  abode  in  winter — for  none  other  is  so  warm.  The  rich  prefer 
it  for  containing  every  luxury ;  and  the  poor — where  can  money 
be  made  to  go  so  far?"— SIR  F.  B.  HEAD. 

9.  The  Metropolitan  Pulpit ;  or,  Sketches  of  the  most 
Popular  Preachers  in  London,  1839,  2  vols.  p.  Svo.  The 
following  are  the  principal  preachers  noticed  in  these 
agreeable  volumes  : — The  late  Rev.  Dr.  Waugh,  the  late 
Rev.  Matthew  Wilks,  the  late  Rev.  Win.  Howels,  the  late 
Rev.  Rowland  Hill,  the  late  Rev.  Edward  Irving,  the  Rev. 
Thomas  Snow,  the  Rev.  John  T.  Robinson,  the  Rev.  Dr. 
Croly,  the  Rev.  J.  F.  Denham,  the  Rev.  Hobart  M.  Sey 
mour,  the  Rev.  Watts  Wilkinson,  the  Rev.  Sanderson  Ro 
bins,  the  Rev.  Dr.  Dillon,  the  Rev.  H.  Beamish,  the  Rev. 
Henry  Melville,  the  Rev.  J.  T.  Judkin,  the  Hon.  and  Rev. 
Baptist  Noel,  the  Rev.  Thomas  Mortimer,  the  Rev.  J. 
Hambleton,  the  Rev.  Dr.  Brown,  the  Rev.  Jno.  Cumming, 
the  Rev.  Dr.  Crombie,  the  Rev.  R.  Redpath,  the  Rev. 
Thomas  Archer,  the  Rev.  John  Young,  the  Rev.  Alexander 
Fletcher,  the  Rev.  Dr.  Morrison,  the  Rev.  Dr.  Leifchild, 
the  Rev.  Dr.  Colly  er,  the  Rev.  John  Burnet,  the  Rev.  Caleb 
j  Morris,  the  Rev.  James  Sherman,  the  Rev.  Dr.  Bennett, 
'  the  Rev.  Jno.  Clayton,  the  Rev.  Thomas  Binney,  the  Rev. 
Jno.  Blackburn,  the  Rev.  Dr.  Andrew  Reed,  the  Rev.  Dr. 
Fletcher,  the  Rev.  Jno.  Stevens,  the  Rev.  C.  Coomb,  the 
Rev.  Wm.  Overbury,  the  Rev.  J.  Harrington  Evans,  the 
Rev.  Edw.  Steane,  the  Rev.  C.  Stovel,  the  Rev.  J.  Howard 
Hinton,  the  Rev.  Dr.  F.  A.  Cox,  the  Rev.  Dr.  Jabez  Bunt 
ing,  the  Rev.  Thomas  Jackson,  the  Rev.  Robt.  Aitkin,  the 
Rev.  J.  Abrahams,  and  the  Rev.  J.  Dorman. 

"  We  think  that  Mr.  Grant  has  surpassed  any  of  his  former 
efforts,  as  respects  his  style,  care,  and  industry,  in  the  getting  up 
of  these  sketches.  There  is  everywhere  manifested  the  most  sin 
cere  desire  to  be  accurate  and  just;  or,  if  there  be  a  leaning,  it  is 
never  but  to  the  favourable  side.  Above  all,  the  reader  cannot 
fail  to  perceive  and  fall  in  with  the  earnest  sentiments  of  the 
author  and  the  strain  of  piety  which  pervades  the  entire  work."— 
Lon.  Month.  Rev. 

Grant,  James,  of  the  Middle  Temple,  Barrister-at- 
Law.     Law  of  Corporations  in  General,  Lon.,  1850,  r.  Svo. 
"  The  best  treatise  on  Corporation  Law."— ion.  Law  Rev. 
"  We  think  the  arrangement  happy.    Another  feature  in  Mr. 
Grant's  book  is  the  honesty  with  which  it  has  been  compiled."— 
Lon.  Law  Mag. 

"  Vast  research  and  diligence  are  displayed  in  the  execution." — 
i  Lon.  Times. 

Grant,  James,  R.  A.,  b.  1822,  at  Edinburgh,  a  son 

j  of  Capt.  John  Grant,  has   gained  considerable  celebrity 

by  a   number  of  popular  works.      1.  The   Romance  of 

i  War,  or  Highlanders  in  Spain,  vols.  i.,  ii.,  iii.,  p.  Svo,  1846; 


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*ol.  iv.,  1847,  p.  8vo  :  2d  ed.,  1848,  4  vols.  in  2.  2.  Adven 
tures  of  an  Aide-de-Camp,  1848,  3  vols.  p.  8vo.  3.  Me 
moirs  of  Sir  Wm.  Kirkaldy  of  Grange,  1849,  p.  Svo. 

"  It  is  very  seldom  indeed  that  we  find  history  so  written, — in 
a  style  at  once  -vigorous,  perspicuous,  and  picturesque." — Slack- 
wood's  Mag. 

4.  Walter  Fenton ;  or,  The  Scottish  Cavalier,  3  vols.  p. 
8vo.  5.  Memorials  of  Edinburgh  Castle ;  illustrated,  1850, 
p.  8vo. 

"  Mr.  Grant's  very  interesting  history  of  the  Castle  of  Edin 
burgh. — a  work  equally  distinguished  by  research,  accuracy,  and 
pictorial  interest."— Sir  Archibald  Alison's  Essays. 

6.  Bothwell;  or,  the  Days  of  Mary  Queen  of  Scots, 
1851,  3  vols.  p.  8vo.  7.  Memoirs  of  Sir  John  Hepburn, 
1851,  p.  8vo.  8.  Jane  Seton,  1853,  2  vols.  p.  8vo.  9.  Philip 
Hollo,  1854,  2  vols.  p.  8vo.  Cheap  eds.  of  several  of  these 
works  have  been  pub.  Of  that  of  Bothwell,  10,000  copies 
were  sold  in  a  month.  Mr.  G.  has  been  a  contributor  to 
the  Dublin  Univ.  Mag.  and  to  Tait's  Mag.  See  Men  of 
the  Time,  Lon.,  1856. 

Grant,  James  M.,  of  Lincoln's  Inn.  Custom's  Fal 
lacy  ;  a  Dram.  Sketch,  1805,  8vo. 

Grant,  Jeremiah.  His  Peregrinations,  Lon.,  1763, 
12ino. 

Grant,  John,  Preb.of  Roches.    Serms.,  Lon.,1707, 4to. 
Grant,  John.     Institutes  of  Latin  Grammar,  Lon., 
1808,  Svo. 

"These  Institutes  display  considerable  ability,  great  diligence, 
and  philosophical  insight  into  the  structure  of  language." — Lon. 
Month.  Rev. 

Mr.  G.  also  pub.  an  Eng.  Gram.,  Serms.,  <fcc.,  1811-15. 
Grant,  John.     Sierra  Leone,  1810,  Svo. 
Grant,  John  Peter.    1.  Ct.  of  Session  in  Scot.,  Lon., 
1807,  8vo.    2.  Wealth  and  Currency,  1812,  Svo.    3.  Speech, 
1817.     4.  Law  rel.  to  New  Trials,  1817,  Svo. 

Grant,  Johnson,  1773-1845,  a  native  of  Edinburgh; 
Rector  of  Binbrook,  1818;  Minister  of  Kentish  Town 
Chapel,  1822.  He  pub.  several  theolog.  and  poetical 
works,  among  which  are — 1.  A  Summary  of  the  Hist,  of 
the  Eng.  Church,  and  the  Sects  which  have  departed  from 
her  communion,  with  answers  to  each  dissenting  body, 
&c.,  Lon.,  1811,  '14,  '20,  '25,  4  vols.  Svo.  2.  Arabia ;  a 
Poem,  with  Notes,  Leeds,  1815,  2  vols.  12mo.  3.  XXXIV. 
Serms.,  1835,  8vo. 

"  These  sermons  are  well  suited  to  the  closet,  and  are  good  spe 
cimens  of  composition." — Lon.  Chris.  JRememb. 

4.  The  Joshuad;  a  Poem,  Lon.,  1837,  Svo.  Anon.;  not 
pub.  5.  Sketches  in  Divinity,  1840,  8vo. 

Grant,  Klein,  M.D.  1.  Hooper's  Medical  Dictionary, 
8th  ed.  revised,  corrected,  and  improved  by  K.  G.,  Lon., 
1839,  Svo;  1848,  Svo. 

'•  Compared  with  the  early  editions,  it  may,  from  the  great  in 
crease  of  matter,  be  regarded  as  a  new  work.  Dr.  Grant  has  suc 
ceeded  in  preserving  the  plan  of  the  late  Dr.  Hooper,  and  at  the 
same  time  in  giving  to  his  labours  that  extension  of  detail  which 
the  recent  progress  of  medicine  had  rendered  necessary.  .  . .  This 
edition  will  be  found  more  extensively  useful  than  any  of  those 
which  preceded  it." — Lon.  Med.  Gazette. 

2.  Memoirs  of  the  late  James  Hope,  M.D.,  by  Mrs. 
Hope.  With  addit.  matter  by  Dr.  Hope  and  Dr.  Burder; 
the  whole  edited  by  K.  G. ;  3d  ed.,  1844,  p.  Svo;  4th  ed., 
p.  Svo. 

"  We  warmly  recommend  this  volume  to  the  reading  public." — 
Brit,  and  Fur.  Mt.d.  Rev. 

Grant,  Louisa  Kerr.  Ninfa;  a  Tale,  Lon.,  1855, 
p.  Svo. 

"  The  great  merit  of  the  book  consists  in  bringing  one  idea  for 
ward  and  filliag  the  reader  irresistibly  with  it;  and  this  is  the 
unnatural  union  of  two  different  characters  and  countries,  and 
the  natural  penalty  that  must  ensue." — Fraser's  Magazine. 
Grant,  P.     Con.  to  Med.  Com.,  1786. 
Grant,  Patrick,  1698-1762,  Lord  Prestongrange,  a 
Scotch  Judge,  wrote  some  pieces  against  the  Rebellion  of 
1745. 

Grant,  Patrick.  Annotations  on  Lord  Stair's  In 
stitutions  of  the  Law  of  Scot.,  Edin.,  1824,  4to. 

Grant,  Raymond  James.  Life  of  Thos.  Dermody, 
with  Orig.  Poetry,  Lon.,  1806,  2  vols.  Svo. 

Grant,  Robert.      1.  Hist,  of  the  E.  India  Comp.  to 

1*73,  Lon.,  1813,  Svo.     2.  Trade,  <fcc.  of  India,  1813,  Svo. 

Grant,  Robert,  Vicar  of  Bradford-Abbas,  <fcc.     Six 

Lects.  on  the  Parable  of  the  Prodigal  Son,  Lon.,  1830, 12mo. 

Grant,  Robert,  b.  1814,  at  Grantoun,  Scotland.    1. 

History  of  Physical  Astronomy,  Lon.,  1852,  8vo. 

"  Mr.  Grant's  book  takes  its  place  among  standard  works  from 
its  first  appearance,  by  common  consent." — Lon.  Philosophical  Mag 
"  Seldom  have  we  been  called  on  to  review  a  book  more  complete 
than  this.  The  amount  of  research  displayed  is  evidence  of  the 
most  unwearying  industry.  The  work  will  stand  as  one  of  the 
great  records  of  human  progress;  for  most  satisfactorily  is  every 
phase  of  man's  advance  in  the  knowledge  of  '  the  stars  in  their 
•curses'  therein  recorded."— ion.  Athenaum. 


2.  With  Admiral  W.  H.  Smyth,  D.C.L.,  a  trans,  of  Arago'a 
Popular  Astronomy  :  vol.  L,  1855.  3.  With  Admiral  Smyth 
and  Rev.  B.  Powell,  trans,  of  Arago's  Eminent  Men,  1857. 

Grant,  Robert  Edmund,  M.D.,  b.  at  Edinburgh, 
1793.  Outlines  of  Comparative  Anatomy,  1835,  Svo.  Not 
completed.  Other  profess,  works.  See  Eng.  Cye.,  Biog., 
vol.  iii.,  1856. 

Grant,  Roger.   Cure  of  a  Man  born  Blind,  1709,  Svo. 

Grant,  Wm.  Essay  on  the  Balance  of  Europe.  From 
the  French  of  Fenelon,  Lon.,  1720,  &vo. 

Grant,  Wm.,  M.D.    Med.  works,  1771-82. 

Grantham,  Henry.  Trans,  into  English  of  S.  Len- 
tulo's  Ital.  Gram.,  written  in  Latin,  Lon.,  1575,  Svo; 
1587,  16mo. 

Grantham,  Thomas.  Marriage  Serm.,  Lon.,  1641, 
'56,  4to  ;  1751,  8vo. 

Grantham,  Sir  Thomas.  1.  The  Prisoner  against 
the  Prelate,  (1650,)  Svo.  2.  Christianismus  Primitivus, 
Lon.,  1678,  fol.  Other  theolog.  works,  1644-80. 

Grantham,  Thomas.  1.  Serm.,  1674,  4to.  2.  Five 
Discourses  on  Conjugal  Duty,  1681,  4to;  1709,  Svo. 

Granville,  Cardinal.  Letters  contayning  sundry 
Devises  touching  the  state  of  Flanders  and  Portugal,  Lon., 
1582,  Svo. 

Granville,  A.  B.,  M.D.,  has  gained  considerable 
reputation  by  his  medical  works  and  accounts  of  tours  on 
the  continent.  The  following  excellent  production  was 
received  with  enthusiastic  commendations  :  St.  Peters- 
burgh  ;  a  Journal  of  Travels  to  and  from  that  Capital,  2d 
ed.,  Lon.,  1829,  2  vols.  Svo. 

"  We  do  not  hesitate  to  say  that  his  Picture  of  Petersburgh 
contains  the  most  copious  and  detailed  description  of  the  gigantic 
edifices  of  this  extraordinary  city  which  has  hitherto  been  laid 
before  the  public."— J.  WILSON  CHOKER  :  Lon.  Quar.  Rev.,  xxxix. 
1-41,  q.  v. 

We  have  many  favourable  notices  before  us  of  our  au 
thor's  Spas  of  England  and  Germany,  treatise  on  Sudden 
Death,  <fcc.,  but  lack  space  for  their  insertion. 

Granville,  Charles.  Synopsis  of  the  Troubles  of 
England  during  the  last  1800  Years,  1747,  12mo. 

Granville,  Dennis.     See  GREENVILLE. 

Granville,  Greenville,  or  Grenville,  George, 
Viscount  Lansdowne,  1667-1735,  a  son  of  Bernard  Gran 
ville,  was  educated  at  Trin.  Coll.,  Camb.,  where  he  dis 
played  such  extraordinary  merit  that  he  was  created  M.  A. 
at  the  age  of  thirteen.  He  subsequently  wrote  a  number 
of  poems,  dramatic  pieces,  some  essays,  and  minor  histo 
rical  treatises.  1.  The  Gallants,  C.,  1696,  4to.  2.  Heroic 
Love,  T.,  1698,  4to.  3.  The  Jew  of  Venice,  C.,  1701,  4to. 
4.  Peleus  and  Thetis,  M.,  1701, 4to.  5.  The  British  Enchan 
tress,  D.  P.,  1706,  4to.  6.  Once  a  Lover  and  always  a 
Lover,  C.,  1736,  12mo.  7.  Poems  on  Several  Occasions, 
1712,  Svo.  8.  A  Letter  from  a  Nobleman  abroad  to  his 
Friends  in  England,  1722.  In  Lord  Somers's  Collection. 

9.  Genuine  Works,  in  verse  and  prose,  1732,  2  vols.  4to. 

10.  Letter  to  the  Author  of  Reflections  Historical  and 
Political,  occasioned  by  a  Treatise  in  vindication  of  Gene 
ral  Monk  and  Sir  Richard  Greenville,  1732,  4to. 

"  His  works  do  not  show  him  to  have  had  much  comprehension 
from  nature  or  illumination  from  learning.  He  seems  to  have 
had  no  ambition  above  the  imitation  of  Waller,  of  whom  he  has 
copied  the  feults,  and  very  little  more."— DR.  SAML.  JOHNSON  :  Life 
of  Granville. 

"  He  imitated  Waller;  but,  as  that  poet  has  been  much  excelled 
since,  a  faint  copy  of  a  faint  master  must  strike  still  less."— HORACB 
WALPOLE  :  R.  &  N.  Authors. 

Yet  it  seems  that  his  lordship  had  poetry  enough  for  a 
nobleman,  for  great  authorities  thus  laud  his  muse : 
"  Auspicious  poet,  wert  thou  not  my  friend, 
How  could  I  envy  what  I  must  commend; 
But  since  'tis  Nature's  law  in  love  and  wit, 
That  youth  should  reign,  and  withering  age  submit. 
With  less  regret  these  laurels  I  resign, 
Which,  dying  on  my  brows,  revive  on  thine." 
Dryden  to  Ijord  Lansdowne  on  his  "  excellent  tragedy,"  Heroic  Lovf. 
"  Tis  yours,  my  lord,  to  bless  our  soft  retreats, 
And  call  the  Muses  to  their  ancient  seats; 
To  paint  anew  the  flow'ry  sylvan  scenes, 
To  crown  the  forests  with  immortal  greens ; 
Make  Windsor's  hills  in  lofty  numbers  rise, 
And  lift  her  turrets  nearer  to  the  skies; 
To  sing  those  honours  you  deserve  to  wear, 
And  add  new  lustre  to  her  silver  star." 
Pope's  Dedication  of  Windsor  Forest  to  "  Granville  the  Polite." 

Dr.  Joseph  Warton  cites  several  of  his  lordship's  trea 
tises  to  prove  that  his  prose  style  was  far  better  than  that 
of  his  early  contemporaries.  See  Biog.  Brit.;  Johnson's 
and  Chalmers's  Poets,  1810;  Chalmers's  Biog.  Diet.; 
Parke's  Walpole's  R.  <fe  N.  Authors. 

Granville,  Sir  Richard.     See  GRENVILLE. 

Grascome,  Samuel.    Theolog.  treatises,  1691-1707 


GRA 


GRA 


Grassinean,  James.  A  Musical  Dictionary,  Lon.,  | 
1769. 

Grattan,  Rt.  Hon.  Henry,  M.P.,  1750-1820,  a  na-  | 
tive  of  Dublin,  educated  at  Trinity  College,  in  that  city,  j 
entered  the  Irish  Parliament  in  1775,  and  distinguished 
himself  by  his  eloquent  advocacy  of  the  rights  of  his 
country.  For  his  services  in  procuring  the  repeal  of  the  i 
act  which  declared  the  legislative  authority  of  the  British 
Parliament  over  Ireland,  he  was  voted  £50,000  (reduced 
at  his  own  request  from  £100,000)  by  the  Irish  legislature. 
After  the  Union  he  represented  Malton,  and  subsequently 
the  city  of  Dublin,  in  the  Imperial  Parliament.  1.  Speeches 
in  the  Irish  and  in  the  Imperial  Parliament.  Edited  by 
his  son,  Henry  Grattan,  Lon.,  1822,  4  vols.  8vo.  2.  Mis 
cellaneous  Works,  8vo.  3.  Speeches ;  with  a  Commentary 
on  his  Career  and  Character,  by  D.  0.  Madden,  Dubl., 
1845,  8vo.  4.  Memoirs  of  his  Life  and  Times,  by  his  son, 
Lon.,  1839-45,  5  vols.  8vo. 

"  This  truly  valuable  work  will  unquestionably  form  one  of  the 
most  important  and  interesting  additions  to  our  biographical  and 
historical  literature  that  our  own  day  has  produced.  It  offers  us 
a  complete  history  of  Ireland  during  the  period  of  Grattan's  life — 
and  the  only  efficient  one  which  has  yet  been  placed  on  record." — 
Lon.  Naval  and  Military  Gazette. 

"The  splendid  success  which  has  imprinted  his  name  to  all 
ages  upon  the  annals  of  his  country,  and  the  extraordinary  merit 
by  which  that  distinction  was  gained  and  his  life  still  further 
Ulustrated  in  after-years,  are  by  no  means  his  highest  praise.  To 
him  may  be  applied,  with  perhaps  but  one  exception,  the  affec 
tionate  and  beautiful  words  of  Cicero  respecting  his  son-in-law 
Piso: 

'"Vereor,  ne  amore  videar  plura,  quam  fuerint  in  illo,  dicere: 
quod  non  ita  est;  alia  enim  de  illo  majora  did  possunt:  nam  nee 
continentia.  nee  pietate,  nee  ullo  genere  virtutis  quendam  ejus- 
dem  aetatis  cum  illo  conferendum  puto.'" — Edin.  Rev.,  xxxviii. 
48-84,  q.  v. 

See  also  articles  on  Grattan  in  Blackwood's  Mag.,  xlvi. 
392,  529;  Dubl.  Univ.  Mag.,  vii.  229;  a  review  of  his  Mis 
cellaneous  Works  in  Lon.  Month.  Rev.,  xcix.  359;  of  his 
Speeches  in  Lon.  Month.  Rev.,  xcviii.  113;  a  biographical 
and  critical  notice,  and  some  of  his  speeches,  in  C.  A. 
Goodrich's  Select  British  Eloquence. 

"  Mr.  Grattan  was  the  sole  person  in  modern  oratory  of  whom 
it  could  be  said  that  he  had  attained  the  first  class  of  eloquence 
in  two  parliaments,  differing  from,  each  other  in  iheir  tastes, 
habits,  and  prejudices  as  much,  probably,  as  any  two  assemblies 
of  different  nations.  The  purity  of  bis  life  was  the  brightness  of 
his  glory.  .  .  .  If  I  were  to  describe  his  character  briefly,  I  should 
say,  with  the  ancient  historian,  that  he  was '  Vita  innocentissimus, 
ingenio  florentissimus,  proposito  sanctissimus.' " — SIB  JAMES  MACK 
INTOSH. 

"  He  was  a  man  of  singular  candour  and  of  great  moderation ; 
and,  from  his  entrance  into  public  life  to  the  close  of  his  illustrious 
career,  gave  signal  proofs  of  his  moderation,  of  his  extreme  for 
bearance,  nay,  of  his  gentleness." — LORD  BROUGHAM  :  Speech  in 
House  of  Commons.  June  26.  1823.  See  also  his  lordship's  charac 
ter  of  Grattan,  in  his  Lives  of  Statesmen  of  the  Times  of  George 
m.  New  ed.,  Lon.  and  Glasg.,  i.  335-342,  1855. 
Grattan,  Henry.  See  preceding  article. 
Grattan,  P.  R.  Cases  decided  in  the  Supreme  Ct. 
of  Appeals  and  the  Genl.  Ct.  of  Virginia,  1844-45,  Rich 
mond,  1845,  8vo. 

Grattan,  Thomas  Colley,  an  Irish  novelist,  b.  in 
Dublin,  in  1796,  whose  works  have  obtained  considerable 
celebrity,  has  spent  much  time  on  the  continent  of  Europe, 
and  was  from  1839  to  1853  British  Consul  at  Boston,  where 
he  wrote  two  of  his  most  popular  works.  1.  Philibert;  a 
Poetical  Romance,  Bordeaux,  1819,  r.  8vo;  Lon.,  8vo. 
This  tale  is  founded  on  the  History  of  the  false  Martin 
Guerre,  reported  in  the  Causes  Celebres.  2.  High-Ways 
and  By-Ways;  or,  Tales  of  the  Road-Side,  picked  up  in 
the  French  Provinces,  by  a  Walking  Gentleman,  1823,  2 
vols.  p.  8vo ;  2d  series,  1824,  3  vols.  p.  8vo ;  3d  series,  1827, 
3  vols.  p.  8vo.  New  eds.  have  been  pub. 

"  Having  thus  amply  allowed  the  author  and  his  book  to  speak 
for  themselves,  we  have  only  to  observe  that  the  style  is  through 
out  sustained  with  equal  vigour  as  in  the  above  specimens ;  and 
we  may  safely  pronounce  this  work  to  be  executed  in  a  manner 
worthy  of  the  patriotic  motive  which  the  author  proposed  to  him 
self  in  its  composition— the  eradication  of  national  prejudices."— 
Edin.  Rev.,  xxxviii.  454-467  ;  notice  of  1st  series.  See  Allan  Cun 
ningham's  Biog.  and  Crit.  Hist,  of  Lit.  of  the  last  Fifty  Years. 

3.  Traits  of  Travel,  1829,  3  vols.  p.  8vo.  4.  The  Heiress 
of  Bruges ;  a  Tale  of  the  year  Sixteen  Hundred,  1830,  4 
vols.  New  eds.  in  1834,  '49,  in  3  vols.  p.  8vo ;  and  also  in 
12mo. 

"The  general  style  is  manly,  animated,  and  characteristic,  and 
calculated  to  attract  the  attention  of  the  literarv  readers  of  the 
continent,  where  the  author  has  been  long  residing,  as  well  as 
those  of  his  native  land." — Court  Journal. 
See  also  Westminster  Rev.,  xiv.  146. 
5.  Hist,  of  the  Netherlands  to  the  Belgian  Revolution  in 
1830,  (Lardner's  Cyc.,  vol.  x.,)  1830,  12mo.     6.  Hist,  of 
Switzerland,  12mo.    7.  Men  and  Cities  j  or,  Tales  of  Travel, 
3  vols.  p.  8vo. 


"Mr.  Grattan  has  brought  the  imagination  of  the  novelist  to 
the  materials  of  the  traveller: — he  has  sat  down  by  the  hearth — 
he  knows  the  home — the  habits — of  the  people  he  describes." — 
Lon.  Literary  Gazette. 

8.  Jacqueline  of  Holland,  1842,  '49,  12mo.  9.  The 
Master  Passion,  and  other  Tales,  1845,  3  vols.  p.  8vo. 
10.  Chance  Medley  of  Light  Matter,  1845, 12mo.  11.  Ag 
nes  de  Mansfelt,  1847,  '49,  12mo.  12.  Legends  of  the 
Rhine,  3  vols.  p.  8vo ;  1849, 12mo.  Mr.  Grattan  was  also  the 
author  of  a  pamphlet  on  the  Northeastern  Boundary  Ques 
tion  (1842)  between  Great  Britain  and  the  United  States. 
Grattan,  William,  R.  A.,  late  Lieut.  Connaught 
Rangers,  a  cousin  of  the  preceding,  was  present  at  nearly 
all  of  the  battles  on  the  Peninsula.  Adventures  of  the 
Connaught  Rangers,  Lon.,  1847,  2  vols.  p.  8vo ;  2d  series, 
1852,  2  vols.  p.  8vo. 

"In  this  second  series  of  the  adventures  of  this  famous  regi 
ment,  the  author  extends  his  narrative  from  the  first  formation 
of  the  gallant  88th  up  to  the  occupation  of  Paris.  All  the  battles, 
sieves,  and  skirmishes  in  which  the  regiment  took  part  are  de 
scribed.  .  ^.  .  The  work  bears  all  the  characteristics  of  a  soldier's 
straightforward  and  entertaining  narrative." 
Graunt,  Edward.  See  GRANT. 
Graunt,  John,  1620-1674,  a  haberdasher  of  London, 
of  intelligence  and  research,  gained  great  distinction  by 
his  Natural  and  Political  Observations  upon  the  Bills  of 
Mortality,  chiefly  with  reference  to  the  Government,  Re 
ligion,  Trade,  Growth,  Air,  Diseases,  &c.  of  the  City  of 
London,  Lon.,  1662,  4to  ;  6th  ed.,  1676,  8vo.  Again,  1759, 
4to.  Edited  by  T.  Birch. 

"Sir  William  Petty was  the  chief  director  and  author  of  a 

piece  published  some  time  before  by  one  John  Graunt,"  &c. — 
Bishop  Nicolson's  Eng.  Hist.  Lib. 

"  He  (Sir  William  Petty)  is  author  of  the  ingenious  deductions 
from  the  bills  of  mortality  which  go  under  the  name  of  Mr. 
Graunt." — Evelyn's  Memoirs. 

"  This  work  is  not  only  one  of  the  earliest,  but  also  one  of  the 
best,  of  its  class.  It  is  said  by  Evelyn  in  his  Memoirs,  (i.  475, 
4to  ed.,)  and  by  Dr.  Halley  in  his  paper  referred  to  below,  that  Sir 
William  Petty  was  the  real  author  of  the  Observations.  But, 
notwithstanding  the  deference  due  to  their  authority,  it  may  be 
doubted  whether  there  be  any  good  ground  for  this  statement." — 
McCulloch's  Lit.  of  Polit.  Econ.,  where  see  this  question  discussed. 
Wood  says  that  the  Observations  were  done  upon  certain, 
hints  and  ndvice  of  Sir  Will.  Petty. 

See  Athen.  Oxon.;  Biog.  Brit;  Dodd's  Church  Hist.; 
Pepys's  Life  and  Diary.  There  is  also  ascribed  to  Graunt, 
Reflections  on  the  Bills  of  Mortality  relative  to  the  Plague, 
1665,  8vo ;  and  he  left  some  pieces  in  MS. 

Graunt,  John.  Truth's  Victory  against  Heresy, 
Lon.,  4to. 

Grave,  Christian.    Morals  and  Politics,  1794,  8vo. 
Grave,  or  Graves,  George  Ann.   Memoirs  of  Joan 
of  Arc;  from  Du  Fresnoy,  <fec.,  Lon.,  1812,  8vo. 

Grave,  John  de.     Gate  of  Tongues,  Lon.,  1633,  8vo. 
Gravenor,  Benjamin.     See  GROSVENOR. 
Gravere,  Julius  de.     A  Treasury  of  Choice  Medi 
cines,  Lon.,  1662,  4to. 

Graves,  Mrs.  A.  J.  1.  Women  in  America:  their 
Moral  and  Intellectual  Condition,  N.  York,  1842,  18mo. 
2.  Girlhood  and  Womanhood;  or,  Sketches  of  my  School 
mates,  Boston,  1844,  12mo. 

Graves,  George.  1  British  Ornithology,  Lon.,  1811- 
13,  2  vols.  r.  8vo;  96  col'd  plates.  2d  ed.,  1821,  3  vols. 
8vo  ;  144  col'd  plates.  2.  Naturalists',  Ac.  Pocket  Guide ; 
col'd  plates,  1815,  8vo.  3.  Ovarium  Britannicum,  1815,  r. 
8vo.  4.  Hortus  Medicus,  4to. 

Graves,  Rev.  John.  Hist,  and  Antiq.  of  Cleveland 
in  the  North  Riding  of  Yorkshire,  Carlisle,  f808,  4to. 

Graves,  John.  Bahama  Islands,  Lon.,  1789,  4to. 
See  Rich's  Bibl.  Arner.  Nova,  i.  356. 

Graves,  R.,  and  Ashton  J.  Whole  Art  of  Tachy- 
graphy;  or,  Short-Hand  Writing,  York,  1775,  12mo. 

Graves,  Richard,  1715-1804,  a  native  of  Gloucester 
shire,  Rector  of  Claverton,  near  Bath,  and  of  Kilmersdon, 
was  author  of  a  number  of  popular  works,  now  generally 
forgotten.  Among  the  best-known  are  The  Festoon,  or 
Collection  of  Epigrams ;  Lucubrations  in  Prose  and  Verse, 
pub.  under  the  name  of  Peter  Pomfret;  The  Spiritual 
Quixote;  Eugenius,  or  Anecdotes  of  the  Golden  Bull; 
Columella,  or  the  Distressed  Anchoret;  Plexippus,  or  the 
Aspiring  Plebeian;  political  pieces,  under  the  name  of 
Euphrosyne;  Sermons  on  various  subjects;  Recollections 
of  Shenstone;  translations  from  Antoninus,  Herodian, 
Xenophon,  &c.  His  last  publication  was  The  Invalid, 
with  the  obvious  means  of  enjoying  Life  by  a  Nonagena 
rian.  His  most  popular  work,  often  reprinted,  was  The 
Spiritual  Quixote;  which  was  intended  as  a  satire  on  the 
itinerant  and  illiterate  preachers  among  the  Methodists. 
The  subject  was  hardly  a  suitable  one  for  a  divine;  nor, 
indeed,  for  any  one  else. 


GRA 

Graves,  Richard,  D.D.,  1763-1829,  a  native  of  Kil- 
finane,  Limerick,  was  educated  at  Trin.  Coll.,  Dublin,  of 
which  he  became  Fellow  in  1786;  Dean  of  Ardagh,  1813; 
and  Regius  Prof,  of  Divinity  in  the  University.  He  pub. 
a  number  of  sermons  and  theological  works,  of  which  we 
particularly  notice — 1.  Essay  on  the  Character  of  the 
Apostles  and  Evangelists;  designed  to  prove  that  they 
were  not  Enthusiasts,  Lon.,  1799,  8vo. 

"  A  book  which  deserves  to  be  consulted."—  Orme's  Bibl.  Bib. 

2.  Lects.  on  the  4  last  Books  of  the  Pentateuch.     These 
Lects.  were  delivered  at  the  Donellan  Lecture,  1797-1801. 
They  were   originally  pub.  in  2  vols.  8vo,  1807.     Three 
Lectures  were  added  to  the  second  and  subsequent  edits. 
Last  ed.,  1846,  8vo.     Few  works  of  the  kind  are  more 
highly  esteemed. 

"  This  is  a  work  of  learning  and  merit.  Dr.  Graves  examines 
very  minutely  the  authenticity  and  truth  of  the  Mosaic  history, 
and  the  theological  and  moral  principles  of  the  Jewish  law ;  and 
replies,  at  great  length,  to  the  most  plausible  objections.  With 
Dr.  Geddes,  in  particular,  he  maintains  a  very  determined  conflict, 
and  exposes,  very  successfully,  the  infidel  reasonings  of  that  arro 
gant  writer.  He  also  frequently  combats  Le  Clerc  and  Warburton." 
— Orme's  Bibl.  Bib. 

"  Indispensably  necessary  to  the  biblical  student."— Home's  Bibl. 
Bib. 

"  The  work  of  Dr.  Graves  is  truly  invaluable,  and  we  cannot  but 
strongly  advise  every  student  in  divinity  to  get  it  up  (as  it  is 
called)  in  preparing  for  his  ordination." — British  Critic. 

"The  late  excellent  Bishop  Lloyd,  in  his  latter  years,  made  it 
one  of  the  text-books  of  his  private  divinity  lectures." — Lowndes's 
Brit.  Lib. 

"Much  important  information;  deficient  in  evangelical  truth." 
— Bickersteth's  Cliris.  Stu. 

An  Epitome  of  this  work  will  be  found  in  Dr.  J.  B. 
Smith's  Compendium  of  Rudiments  in  Theology,  Lon., 
1836,  12mo. 

3.  XXV.  Serms.  on  Prac.  Subjects,  1830,  8vo. 

"The  parent  may  read  them  with  profit  to  his  children,  the 
scholar  may  peruse  them  with  delight  in  his  study.  They  are 
spirit-stirring  appeals,  which  the  sinner  will  find  it  difficult  to  re 
sist,  and  the  saint  impossible  to  condemn." — Lon.  Chris.  Remem 
brancer. 

4.  Select  Scriptural  Proofs  of  the  Trinity,  1840,  8vo. 
5.  Whole  Works,  now  first  collected;  with  life  by  his  son, 
Richard  Hastings  Graves,  D.D.,  Rector  of  Brigown,  Dio 
cese  of  Cloyne,  1840,  4  vols.  8vo. 

"  The  duty  has  been  undertaken  by  his  son,  and  executed  in  a 
manner  creditable  to  his  hereditary  talents  and  piety." — Dubl. 
Univ.  Mag.,  xvii.  634-645,  q.  v. ;  and  see  Eraser's  Mag.,  xxiv.  76. 

Graves,  Capt.  Richard,  R.N.  Case  of  the  Author 
rel.  to  his  non-promotion  in  1801,  1812,  8vo. 

Graves,  Robert,  M.D.    Med.  works,  Lon.,  1792-97. 

Graves,  Robert  J.,  M.D.,  Prof,  of  the  Institutes  of 
Med.  in  the  School  of  Physic,  Trin.  Coll.,  Dublin.  Clinical 
Lectures  on  the  Practice  of  Medicine.  Edited  by  Dr. 
Neligan,  Dubl.,  1843,  8vo ;  2d  ed.,  1848,  2  vols.  8vo.  Third 
Amer.  ed.,  by  W.  W.  Gerhard,  M.D.,  Lect.  on  Clin.  Med.  in 
the  Univ.  of  Penna.,  Phila.,  8vo. 

"  No  practitioner  of  medicine  should  be  without  it,  since  there 
is  scarcely  a  disease  to  which  the  human  frame  is  liable  which  does 
not  receive  in  it  some  illustration,  direct  or  incidental;  and  as  a 
guide  to  practice,  especially  when  difficulties  arise,  it  will  be  found 
a  most  useful  work  for  reference." — Brit,  and  For.  Med.  Rev. 

"By  his  death  the  Irish  school  has  lost  one  of  its  brightest  orna 
ments  ;  one  whose  labours  had  made  his  name  familiar  in  every 
European  and  American  school." — Dubl.  Times  and  Gazette. 

Graves,  Samuel.     Political  treatises,  1814,  &c. 

Gravius,  anglice,  GREAVES.  , 

Gray,  Alexander,  M.D.     Con.  to  Med.  Com.,  1787. 

Gray,  Alonzo,  b.  1808,  at  Townshend,  Vermont, 
formerly  Prof,  of  Chemistry  and  Natural  Philos.  in  Phil 
lips  Academy,  Andover,  Mass.  1.  Elements  of  Chemis 
try,  Andover,  1841,  12mo;  40th  ed.,  newly  revised  and 
greatly  enlarged,  N.  York,  1853,  12mo. 

"  An  exceedingly  judicious  arrangement  of  the  facts  of  Chemis 
try.  Its  consecutive  order  is  lucid  and  logical.  It  indicates  a 
mind  accustomed  to  teach  as  well  as  to  study.  It  seems  to  me  to 
hold  a  happy  medium  between  the  brevity  which  only  obscures  the 
subject,  and  the  copious  details  of  works  too  elaborate  and  minute 
for  the  general  student."— The  late  Dr.  Griscom,  of  Burlington,  N.  J. 

2.  Elements  of  Scientific  and  Practical  Agriculture, 
Andover,  1842,  12mo.  3.  Elements  of  Natural  Philos.. 
N.  York,  12mo. 

"  Extremely  well  adapted  to  the  purposes  of  elementary  instruc 
tion." — PROF.  ELIAS  LOOMIS,  New  York  University. 

"Well  suited  to  win  the  confidence  of  the  public  and  to  sustain 
the  reputation  of  the  author."— REV.  LYMAN  COLEMAN,  D.D. 

4.  In  conjunction  with  C.  B.  Adams,  Elements  of  Geo 
logy,  1852,  12mo. 

"  It  presents  the  Outlines  of  European  and  American  Geology 
in  a  concise  form." — National  Era. 

Gray,  Andrew,  a  Puritan  divine  of  Glasgow.  1.  XL 
Communion  Serms.,  and  a  Letter  to  Lord  W.,  Edin.,  1616, 
8vo;  Lon.,  1679,  8vo.  2.  Whole  Works,  Glase.,  1762,  8vo  ; 
Falkirk,  1789,  8vo. 


GRA 

Gray,  Andrew,  D.D.,  of  Abernethy.  1.  Delineation 
of  the  Parables,  <fcc.,  Edin.,  1777,  1814,  8vo. 

"  This  is  a  very  sensible  work  on  the  Parables.  It  is  free  from 
that  fanciful  and  licentious  mode  of  treating  the  allegorical  parts 
of  Scripture  in  which  many  writers,  with  a  show  of  piety,  have 
most  improperly  indulged." — Orme's  Bibl.  Bib. 

"  This  Delineation  will  be  of  great  use  to  the  reader  in  the  study 
of  the  parables  of  Jesus,  and  will  enable  him  to  comprehend  their 
full  force  and  meaning.  The  author  has  explained  and  illustrated 
them  with  perspicuity,  and  pointed  out  the  several  important  in 
structions  that  may  fairly  be  deduced  from  them." — Lon.  Month 
Rev.,  O.  S.,  Ivii.  196. 

2.  Serm.,  1763,  8vo.     3.  Serin.,  1768,  8vo. 

Gray,  Andrew.  1.  The  Experienced  Millwright, 
Edin.,  1804,  '06,  4to.  2.  Plough-Wright's  Assist.,  1808, 
8vo.  3.  Spinning  Machinery,  1819,  8vo. 

"  The  author  much  excelled  in  the  construction  of  ploughs  of  the 
swing  kind,  to  be  drawn  by  two  horses." — Donaldson's  Agricult. 
Biog. 

Gray,  Ann  Thomson.  The  Twin  Pupils ;  or,  Edu 
cation  at  Home,  Lon.,  1852,  fp.  8vo. 

"More  sound  principles  and  useful  practical  remarks  we  have 
not  lately  met  in  any  work  on  the  much-treated  subject  of  educa 
tion."—  Lon.  Lit.  Gazette. 

"A  volume  of  excellent  tendency,  which  may  be  put  with  safety 
and  advantage  into  the  hands  of  well-educated  young  people." — 
Lon.  Evangel.  Mag. 

Gray,  Asa,  M.D.,  Fisher  Prof,  of  Natural  History  at 
the  University  of  Cambridge,  Massachusetts,  b.  at  Paris, 
Oneida  county,  New  York,  Nov.  18,  1810 ;  took  the  degree 
of  M.D.  at  Fairfield  College,  1831,  but  relinquished  the 
medical  profession  for  the  purpose  of  prosecuting  the 
study  of  botany ;  appointed  botanist  to  the  U.  States  Ex 
ploring  Expedition,  1834,  but,  in  consequence  of  the  delay 
of  that  enterprise,  resigned  his  post  in  1837 ;  elected  Prof, 
of  Botany  in  the  University  of  Michigan,  and,  before  that 
institution  went  into  operation,  elected  to  his  present 
situation  in  1842.  In  addition  to  his  lectures  at  the  Uni 
versity,  he  has  delivered  three  courses  of  Lowell  Lectures 
in  Boston.  In  the  prosecution  of  his  botanical  studies,  he 
visited  Europe,  1838-39  and  in  1850-51.  See  Men  of  the 
Time,  N.  York,  1852.  The  reputation  of  this  distin 
guished  gentleman  is  too  widely  extended  to  render  any 
commendation  upon  our  part  at  all  necessary. 

1.  Elements  of  Botany,  1836.  2.  Botanical  Text-Book, 
N.  York,  1842,  12mo;  4th  ed.,  1853,  sm.  8vo;  5th  ed., 
1858 :  see  No.  6. 

"  We  congratulate  the  friends  of  natural  science  upon  the  elec 
tion  of  a  person  of  so  much  zeal  and  ability  as  this  book  discovers 
to  the  chair  of  botany  in  the  University  of  Cambridge." — G.  B. 
EMERSON:  review  of  1st  ed.  in  N.  Amer.  Rev.,  Ivi.  192-207,  q.v. 

And  see  a  review  of  2d  ed.  (1845,  12mo)  in  N.  Amer. 
Rev.,  Ixi.  254-258,  IxviL  174-193.  See  also  Amer.  Jour, 
of  Sci.,  2d  Ser.,  v.  377. 

"  The  most  compendious  and  satisfactory  view  of  the  vegetable 
kingdom  which  has  yet  been  obtained  in  an  elementary  treatise. 
Remarkable  for  its  correctness  and  perspicuity." — Silliman's  Jour. 

This  excellent  work  has  been  a  text-book  in  the  Uni 
versity  of  Edinburgh,  and  is  so  used  in  Harvard  University 
and  other  American  colleges. 

3.  Genera  of  Plants  of  the  U.  States;  illustrated  by  Isaac 
Sprague,  N.Y.,  1848-49,  2  vols.  r.  8vo.     A^valuable  work. 

"The  design  of  this  work  is  to  illustrate  the  botany  of  the  United 
States  by  figures,  with  full  analyses  of  one  or  more  species  of  each 
genus,  accompanied  by  descriptive  generic  characters  and  critical 
observations.  The  figures  are  in  all  cases  drawn  directly  from 
nature." — Preface. 

4.  Manual  of  the  Botany  of  the  Northern  United  States, 
Bost.,  1848,  12mo ;   2d  ed.,  N.  York,  1856,  sm.  8vo.     5. 
Botany  of  the  U.  States    Pacific   Exploring   Expedition 
under  Captain  Wilkes,  1854,  4to,  with  atlas  of  100  plates, 
1857,  imp.  fol.     A  separate  edition  of  150  copies  printed 
for  sale.    6.  The  following  six  works  constitute  Dr.  Gray's 
School  Series,  revised,  rearranged,  and  pub.  in  1858.    I. 
How  Plants  Grow:    Botany  for  Young  People,  sm.  4to. 
II.  Lessons  in  Botany,  with  Drawings  from  Nature.     III. 
Manual  of  Botany,  for  Analysis  and  Classification.     IV. 
Manual  and  Lessons,  in  1  vol.     V.  Manual,  with  Mosses, 
<fcc.     VI.  Structural  and  Systematic  Botany ;  a  revised  ed. 
of  Botanical  Text-Book,  1300  drawings.     7.  In  conjunc 
tion  with  John  Torrey,  M.D.,  A  Flora  of  North  America. 
This  work,  the  first  portion  of  which  was  issued  in  1838, 
is  pub.  in  numbers.     It  will  form  3  vols.  8vo.     For  an  in 
teresting  sketch  of  Dr.  Gray's  labours,  comprising  a  notice 
of  Nos.  2,  3,  4,  and  7,  recorded  above,  we  refer  the  reader 
to  an  article  by  Mr.  J.  Carey,  in  the  N.  Amer.  Rev.,  Ixvii. 
174-193 ;  also  see  N.  Amer.  Rev.,  Oct.  1858.     In  addition 
to  his  published  vols.,  Dr.  Gray  has  contrib.  many  valuable 
papers  to  the  Amer.  Jour,  of  Science  and  Arts;  Annals  of 

!  the  Lyceum  of  Nat,  Hist,  N.York;  Memoirs  of  the  Amer. 

Acad.  of  Arts  and  Sciences,  Boston ;  Jour,  of  the  Boston 

i  Society  of  Natural  History :  Sir  W.  J.  Hooker's  Jour,  of 

723 


GRA 


GRA 


Botany,  London;  Journal  of  the  Linna?an  Soc.,  London; 
Smithsonian  Contributions  to  Knowledge ;  N.  Amer.  Rev. 

The  intelligent,  self-denying,  and  persevering  labours 
of  Dr.  Gray  have  imposed  upon  his  countrymen  obliga 
tions  of  no  ordinary  character.  It  is  by  such  works  that 
credit  is  acquired  abroad  and  education  extended  at  home. 

Gray,  Charles,  Capt.,  R.  N.  1.  Poems  and  Songs, 
Lon.,  1811,  cr.  8vo ;  2d  ed.,  1815,  12mo.  2.  Lays  and 
Lyrics,  1842,  fp.  8vo. 

•'Captain  Gray  strikes  the  Scottish  harp  with  a  bold  and  skilful 
hand,  producing  tones  in  accordance  with  the  universal  song  of 
Nature  which  will  not  readily  be  forgotten."—  Caledonian  Mer 
cury. 

Gray,Chris.  Cat.  of  Trees  and  Shrubs,  Lon,  1740,  8vo. 

Gray,  Dionis.  His  Storehouse  of  Breuitie  in  Woorkes 
of  Arithmetick,  Lon.,  1586,  8vo  and  16ino. 

Gray,  Edward  Whitaker,  M.D.,  1748-1807,  Secre 
tary  to  the  Royal  Society,  and  keeper  of  the  departments 
of  Natural  Hist,  and  Antiq.  in  the  Brit.  Museum.  Con.  on 
nat.  hist,  and  nat.  philos.  to  Phil.  Trans.,  1788,  '89,  '95,  '96. 

Gray,  Francis  Calley,  LL.D.,  1790-1856,  b.  in 
Salem,  Mass.,  a  member  of  the  Bar,  distinguished  for  ex 
tensive  literary  attainments,  a  son  of  Lt.-Gov.  William 
Gray,  and  a  native  of  Salem,  Mass.,  graduated  at  Harvard 
College  in  1809,  and  was  subsequently  private  secretary  to 
John  Quincy  Adams  in  his  mission  to  Russia.  He  resided 
in  Boston  until  his  decease,  and  filled  several  important 
public  positions,  having  been  a  representative,  a  senator, 
and  a  member  of  the  governor's  council. 

Mr.  Gray's  publications  are  as  follows: 

1.  Address  to  the  Massachusetts  Charitable  Fire  Society 
at  their  annual  meeting,  Oct.  10,  1817.  2.  Discourse  at 
Plymouth,  Mass.,  on  the  199th  anniversary  of  the  landing 
of  the  Pilgrims,  Dec.  22,  1819.  3.  Report  of  the  Committee 
of  Merchants  and  others  of  Boston  on  the  Tariff,  Oct.  2, 
1820.  The  Resolutions  appended  were  drawn  by  Mr. 
Webster.  4.  Letter  to  Gov.  Lincoln  on  Harvard  University, 
April  16,  1831.  5.  Oration  before  the  Legislature  of  Mass., 
on  the  100th  Anniversary  of  the  birth  of  Washington, 
Feb.  22,  1832.  6.  Discourse  before  the  American  Institute, 
Aug.  23, 1832.  7.  Speech  in  the  House  of  Representatives 
of  Mass.,  on  the  bill  to  abolish  capital  punishment,  March 
19,  1836.  8.  Poem  before  *  B  K  Society  at  Cambridge, 
Aug.  27, 1840. 

"  The  spirit  of  the  composition  is  thoroughly  patriotic  and  Ame 
rican,  and  this  we  rejoice  to  see;  for  Mr. Gray  is  deeply  read  in 
the  literature  of  Europe,  and  knows,  by  personal  observation,  what 
there  is  attractive  in  foreign  associations  and  foreign  modes  of 
life.  His  mind  is  richly  stored  with  various  and  accurate  know 
ledge,  gathered  by  study  and  travel;  and  he  can  judge,  if  any 
man  can,  what  sources  of  poetical  inspiration  are  to  be  found  in 
American  history  and  scenery  as  compared  with  Europe.  The 
glowing  strain  that  patriotic  feeling  dictates  to  so  enlightened  a 
mind  as  Mr.  Gray's  cannot  fail  to  make  a  strong  impression." — 
N.  Amer.  Rev.,  lii.  262-265. 

9.  Oration  before  the  *  B  K  Society  of  Providence, 
R.  I.,  Sept.  7,  1842.  10.  Remarks  on  Early  Laws  of 
Mass.,  with  the  "Body  of  Liberties"  of  1641,  not  before 
printed,  Mass.  Hist.  Collections,  3d  series,  vol.  viii.  191, 
Dec.  22, 1842.  The  MS.  from  which  this  was  printed  was 
discovered  by  Mr.  Gray.  11.  Prison  Discipline  in  Ame 
rica,  Bost.,  1847,  8vo. 

Articles  in  the  North  American  Review : 

1.  Translation  of  Sadolet's  Laocoon,  vol.  ii.,  p.  199,  Jan. 

1816.  2.  Address    before    the  4>  B  K,  vol.  iii.,  p.  289, 
Sept.  1816.     3.  Imitation  of  Goethe,  "  Know'st  thou  the 
land,"  vol.  iv.,  p.  201,  Jan.  1817.     4.  Giustiniani's  account 
of  an  ancient  cemetery  in  Naples,  vol.  v.,  p.  119,  May, 

1817.  5.  Visit  to  the  Elizabeth  Islands,  vol.  v.,  p.  313, 
Sept.  1817.     6.  Time  and  Pleasure,  vol.  v.,  p.  341,  Sept. 
1817.     7.  Review  of  Maccbiavelli,  vol.  v.,  p.  344,  Sept. 
1817.     8.  Cuvier's  Theory  of  the  Earth  and  Dana's  Mine 
ralogy  :  Systems  of  Geology,  vol.  viii.,  p.  396.     9.  Nov- 
anglus  and  Massachusettensis :  Beginning  of  American  Re 
volution,  vol.  ix.,  p.  376,  Sept.  1819.  10.  Addresses  of  Phila. 
Society :  Foreign  Commerce  and  Domestic  Industry,  vol. 
x.,  p.  316,  April,  1820.    11.  Constitution  of  Massachusetts, 
voL    xi.,  p.    359,   Oct.  1820.      12.  Raymond's   Political 
Economy,  vol.  xii.,  p.  443,  April,  1821.     13.  Botta's  Ame 
rican  Revolution,  vol.  xiii.,  p.  169,  July,  1821.    14.  Europe, 
by  a  Citizen  of  the  U.  S.,  vol.  xv.,  p.  177,  July,  1822. 
15.  Jay's  Treaty— Free  ships,  free  goods— Rule  of  1756, 
vol.  xvii.,  p.  142,  July,  1823.     16.  America,  by  the  author 
of  Europe,  vol.  xxv.,  p.  169,  July,  1827. 

Translations  in  Longfellow's  Poetry  of  Europe : From 

Dante— Beatrice,  p.  524 :  "  flowers,"  6th  line  from  end,  a 
misprint;— should  be  "  spirits."    From  Boccaccio— Sonnet 
on  Dante,  p.  534.     From  Manzoni — II  Cinque  Mageio  p 
614,  On  the  Death  of  Napoleon. 
724 


Mr.  Gray's  defence  of  the  Congregate  System  elicited 
auxiliary  articles  in  the  North  American  Review  for 
January,  1848,  and  the  Christian  Examiner  for  the  fol 
lowing  month.  Mr.  Gray's  volume,  and  the  subject  gene 
rally,  were  ably  reviewed  in  a  work  entitled  An  Inquiry 
into  the  alleged  tendency  of  separation  of  Convicts  one 
from  the  other  to  produce  Disease  and  Derangement.  By 
a  Citizen  of  Pennsylvania,  Phila.,  1849,  8vo.  The  author 
of  this  work  is  Mr.  Frederick  A.  Packard,  formerly  a 
member  of  the  Massachusetts  Legislature,  for  many  years 
past  a  resident  of  Philadelphia.  A  notice  of  a  work  upon 
the  subject  of  prison-discipline — in  which  many  good  men 
now  take  a  warm  interest — will  be  found  in  our  article  on 
BUXTON,  SIR  THOMAS  FOWELL. 

Gray,  George  Robert,  Senior  Assist,  in  the  Zoolo 
gical  Department,  Brit.  Museum.  1.  A  List  of  the  Genera 
of  Birds ;  2d  ed.,  Lon.,  1841.  2.  The  Genera  of  Birds,  com 
prising  their  Generic  Characters.  Illustrated  with  Figures 
by  D.  W.  Mitchell,  Lon.,  1837-49,  3  vols.  imp.  4to,  £31  10*. 
This  work  contains  371  plates,  (186  plain  and  185  col'd.) 
The  only  similar  work  which  has  ever  been  pub.  is  Vieil- 
lot's  Galerie  des  Oiseaux,  in  1825,  which  is  now  so  far 
behind  the  improved  state  of  the  science  that  it  is  valuable 
only  as  a  collection  of  figures.  Gray's  and  Mitchell's 
splendid  work  has  elicited  enthusiastic  commendation  : 

"Among  the  great  works,  G.  K. Gray's  Genera  of  Birds  takes 
undeniably  the  first  place." — SUNDEVAL:  Report  to  the  Academy  of 
Stockholm. 

"This  is  a  work  which  no  library  ought  to  be  without :  no  zoo 
logist  who  wishes  to  keep  up  his  knowledge  of  the  present  state 
of  Ornithology  can  dispense  with  its  possession." — Wiegm.  Archiv 
fur  Naturg,  1844. 

"  We  have  a  work  before  us  which  ranks  among  the  most  dis 
tinguished  in  Ornithology ;  which,  in  scientific  importance  and 
practical  usefulness,  leaves  all  similar  works  far  behind." — HART- 
LAUB  :  Ms,  1846,  p.  903. 

"The  working  naturalist  will  hail  with  gratitude  the  work, 
which  supplies  him  with  a  ready  index  to  the  whole  subject  of 
Ornithology.  .  .  .  This  beautiful  and  elaborate  work  will  tend 
greatly  to  advance  our  knowledge  of  Ornithology :  no  public  and 
private  museum  can  be  scientifically  arranged  without  its  aid." — 
Jardine's  Ann.  and  Mag.  Nat.  Hist. 

Mr.  Gray  was  a  contributor  to  the  English  ed.  of 
Cuvier's  Animal  Kingdom,  and  is  the  author  of  several 
entomological  publications,  etc. 

Gray,  Mrs.  Hamilton, is  the  author  of  several  popu 
lar  works,  of  which  the  best-known  are — 1.  A  Tour  to  the 
Sepulchres  of  Etruria  in  1839,Lon.,1840,p.8vo ;  3d  ed.,1843. 

"  Mrs.  Gray's  sepulchral  picture-gallery  has  no  intervals  of  daub 
or  vacancy.  She  has  won  an  honourable  place  in  the  large  as 
sembly  of  modern  female  writers." — Lon.  Quar.  Rev. 

"As  a  more  particular  illustration  of  what  is  the  highest  pride 
of  modern  English  civilization — the  union  of  genuine  learning 
and  genuine  refinement — we  may  once  more  name  Mrs.  Hamilton 
Gray's  Sepulchres  of  Etruria." — Miss  RIGBY:  Lon.  Quar.  Rev., 
Ixvi.  105. 

See  DENNIS,  GEORGE. 

2.  The  History  of  Etruria,  1843-44,  2  vols.  p.  8vo. 
"The  reading  world  will  peruse  Mrs.  Gray's  works,  which  are 

open  to  all,  in  their  native  elegance,  with  the  deepest  interest." — 
For.  and  Col.  Quar.  Rev. 

"  A  work  which  we  strongly  recommend  as  certain  to  afford 
pleasure  and  profit  to  every  reader." — Lon.  Athenceum. 

3.  Hist,  of  Rome  for  Young  Persons,  1847,  2  vols.  12mo. 
"  A  very  ingenious  attempt  to  bring  the  recent  discoveries  of  the 

critical  school  into  working  competition  with  the  miserable  Gold 
smiths  and  Piunocks  of  our  youth." — Lon.  Chris.  Remembrancer. 

"  Even  as  a  mere  reading-book,  very  interesting  and  authentic." 
— Lon.  Guardian. 

"  Here  we  have  any  thing  but  a  dry  detail  of  names,  dates  and 
facts,  such  as  is  too  often  to  be  met  with  in  brief  compilations." — 
Lon.  Athenaeum,, 

4.  Emperors  of  Rome,  from  Augustus  to  Constantino. 
Being  a  Continuation  of  the  Hist,  of  Rome  for  Young 
Persons,  1850,  12mo. 

"  It  may  be  recommended  as  a  clear,  rapid,  and  well-arranged 
summary  of  facts,  pointed  by  frequent  but  brief  reflections." — 
Lon.  Spectator. 

"A  striking  characteristic  of  the  book  is  the  impartiality  of  its 
political  tone  and  its  high  moral  feeling." — Lon.  Examiner. 

Gray,  Henry,  Lect.  on  Anat.  at  St.  George's  Hospital. 

1.  Structure  and  Use  of  the  Spleen,  Lon.,  1854,  p.  8vo. 

2.  Anatomy,  Descript.  and  Surgical,  1858,  r.  8vo,  pp.  782. 
Gray,  Horace,  Jr.     Reports  of  Cases  argued  and 

determined  in  the  Supreme  Judicial  Ct.  of  Massachusetts, 
1854 ;  Bost.,  1855-56,  2  vols.  8vo.  Mr.  Gray  is  the  suc 
cessor,  as  reporter,  to  Judge  Cushing.  2.  Supp.  to  Revised 
Statutes  of  Mass.,  1855,  vol.  ii.,  1855,  r.  8vo.  See  CUSH 
ING,  LUTHER  STEARNS. 

Gray,  Hugh.  Letters  from  Canada,  1806-08,  Lon., 
1809,  '14,  8vo. 

Gray,  J.  T.  1.  Exercises  in  Logic,  designed  for  the 
use  of  Students  in  Colleges,  Lon.,  1845,  12mo. 

"Admirably  adapted  to  be  used  as  a  class-book,  accompanied  by 


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the  Instructions  of  an  able  teacher.  The  examples  are  numerous 
and  well  chosen.  We  think  such  a  work  as  this  was  much  wanted. 
The  plan  and  general  execution  are  excellent." — Lon.  Eclectic 
Review. 

2.  Immortality :  its  Real  and  Alleged  Evidences;  2d  ed., 
1848,  8vo. 

"We  read  this  work  hefore;  we  have  re-perused  it  now  with  a 
high  sense  of  its  ability."— ion.  Evangelical  Christendom. 

Gray,  James.  Measures  of  Scotland  compared  with 
those  of  England  :  Ess.  Phys.  and  Lit.,  1754. 

Gray,  James.    Selecta  Latine,  Edin.,  12mo. 

"We  consider  this  to  be  a  most  useful  and  valuable  compila 
tion,  and  have  no  hesitation  in  recommending  it  very  highly  to 
Teachers."— Lit.  and  Statistical  Mag. 

Gray,  James.  Introduction  to  Arithmetic ;  58th  ed., 
Lon.,  1850,  Svo. 

Gray,  James  A.,  Rector  of  Dibden,  Hants.  The 
Earth's  Antiquity  in  Harmony  with  the  Mosaic  Record 
of  Creation,  Lon.,  1849,  '51,  sm.  8vo. 

Gray,  Mrs.  James.     See  BROWNE,  MARY  ANNE. 

Gray,  Mrs.  Jane  L.,  b.  about  1800,  is  a  daughter 
of  Wm.  Lewers,  Esq.,  of  Castle  Blayney,  Ireland,  (of 
which  town  Mrs.  G.  is  a  native,)  and  the  wife  of  the  Rev. 
John  Gray,  D.D.,  pastor  of  the  First  Presbyterian  Church 
in  Easton,  Pennsylvania.  Her  poems,  entitled  Sabbath 
Reminiscences,  Two  Hundred  Years  Ago,  and  Morn — in 
imitation  of  Night,  by  James  Montgomery — are  among 
the  best  specimens  of  modern  poetical  composition.  See 
Griswold's  Female  Poets  of  America. 

Gray,  John.  1.  Gunnery,  Lon.,  1731,  8vo.  2,  Peru 
vian  or  Jesuits'  Bark;  Phil.  Trans.,  1737. 

Gray,  John.  1.  Land  Measuring,  Glasg.,  1757,  '59, 
8vo.  2.  Inland  Navigations,  Lon.,  1768,  8vo. 

Gray,  John.  1.  Poems,  Lon.,  1770,  8vo.  2.  Poems, 
trans,  and  original,  Dundee,  1778,  8vo. 

Gray,  John.  Dr.  Price  on  Civil  Liberty,  Lon., 
1777,  8vo. 

"  While  we  allow  his  merit  as  a  politician,  we  must  condemn 
his  asperity." — Lon.  Month.  Rev. 

Gray,  John,  LL.D.  Political  treatises,  Lon.,  1800,  '02. 

Gray,  John.  Preservation  of  the  Teeth,Lon.,1842,18mo. 

"  Interesting  and  useful  to  every  medical  practitioner,  the  heads 
of  families,  and  those  who  have  the  care  of  children." 

Gray,  John.  1.  The  Social  System ;  a  Treat,  on  the 
Principle  of  Exchange,  Lon.,  8vo.  2.  Lects.  on  the  Nature 
and  Use  of  Money,  1848,  8vo. 

"  With  the  view  of  endeavouring  to  stimulate,  in  however  slight 
a  degree,  the  existing  spirit  of  inquiry  into  the  validity  of  the 
Monetary  System  of  this  Country,  the  Author  of  these  Lectures 
will  give  a  Premium  of  one  hundred  guineas  to  whomsoever  shall 
be  able  to  produce  the  Best  Keply  to,  and  before  a  Competent  and 
Impartial  Tribunal  to  Refute,  his  Arguments." — Advertisement. 

Here  is  a  rare  opportunity  for  political  economists  :  we 
believe  that  the  prize  is  still  open  for  competition. 

Gray,  John.  1.  Country  Attorney's  Practice,  <fcc. ; 
6th  ed.,  Lon.,  1845,  12mo.  2.  Country  Solicitor's  Prac 
tice;  4th  ed.,  1845,  12mo.  1  Jurist,  314;  3  Leg.  Obs.,  501. 

Gray,  John  C.  An  Oration  pronounced  before  the 
Society  of  Phi  Beta  Kappa  at  Cambridge,  August  30, 1821. 
Subject — The  Present  Condition  and  Prospects  of  Ameri 
can  Literature.  See  N.  Amer.  Rev.,  xiii.  478-490,  1821. 

Gray,  John  Edward,  Ph.D.,  head  of  the  Nat,  Hist, 
department  of  the  Brit.  Museum.  2d  ed.  of  Turton's  Land 
and  Fresh-Water  Shells  of  the  Brit.  Islands,  Lon.,  1849, 
p.  8vo.  Mr.  G.  was  associate  editor  (with  John  Richard 
son,  M.D.)  of  the  Zoology  of  the  Voyage  of  H.M.  Ships 
Erebus  and  Terror,  1839-43,  1844,  r.  4to,  and  wrote  Pt.  1 
of  the  Zoology  of  H.M.  Ship  Sulphur,  1843-45,  r.  4to. 
For  a  list  of  his  scientific  papers,  memoirs,  <fec., — about  500 
in  number, — we  refer  to  the  Bibliog.  of  Zoology  and  Geo 
logy.  See  also  Eng.  Cyc.,  Biog.,  vol.  iii.,  1856,  175. 

Gray,  John  H.     Theolog.  treatises,  Lon.,  1842,  <fcc. 

Gray,  Jonathan.  Hist,  of  the  York  Lunatic  Asylum, 
York,  1814,  8vo. 

Gray,  Nicholas.     See  GREY. 

Gray,  Robert,  D.D.,  1762-1834,  a  native  of  London, 
educated  at  Eton  and  St.  Mary  Hall,  Oxford,  became 
Vicar  of  Farringdon,  Berkshire;  Rector  of  Craike,  York- 
Bhire,  1802 ;  removed  by  Bishop  Barrington  to  the  living 
of  Bishop  Wearmouth,  Durham;  Preb.  of  Durham,  1804; 
Bishop  of  Bristol,  1827.  His  principal  works  are  the 
following:  1.  Key  to  the  Old  Test,  and  the  Apocrypha, 
Lon.,  1790,  8vo ;  9th  ed.,  Lon.,  1829,  8vo.  Much  enlarged 
and  improved.  10th  ed.,  with  Percy's  Key  to  the  N.  Test., 
1841,  Svo.  Pub.  by  Rivington,  Lon.  This  is  a  correct 
edition.  There  is  an  ed.  in  print  without  the  author's 
last  additions. 

"  This  is  a  very  convenient  and  useful  book,  combining  a  large 
portion  of  valuable  information  and  discriminative  learning.  It 
was  designed  as  a  companion  to  Percy's  Key  to  the  New  Testa 
ment,  but  is  much  fuller  than  that  work.  Both  are  likely  to  be 


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superseded  by  the  more  extensive  work  of  Mr.  Hartwell  Home."— 
Orme't  Bibl.  Bib.  See  HORNE,  THOMAS  HARTWELL,  D.D. 

"  Dr.  Gray  has  diligently  consulted  and  brought  together  a 
great  mass  of  information  from  the  writings  of  the  fathers,  the 
antient  ecclesiastical  historians,  and  original  authorities  which 
are  not  accessible  to  the  generality  of  students.  Bp.  Mant  and 
Dr.  D'Oyley  have  liberally  availed  themselves  of  Dr.  G.'s  researches 
in  their  commentary  on  the  Holy  Scriptures." — Home's  Bibl.  Bib. 

See  Bishop  Marsh's  Lectures  on  Divinity. 

2.  Letters  written  during  a  Tour  through  Germany, 
Switzerland,  and  Italy  in  1791-92,  1794,  8vo.  3.  Ten 
Discourses  on  Various  Subjects,  illustrative  of  the  Evi 
dence,  Influence,  and  Doctrines  of  Christianity,  1793, 
8vo« 

"  Some  of  the  subjects  here  selected  by  the  author  are  among 
those  which  appear  to  him  to  have  been  less  frequently  consi 
dered,  under  this  form,  than  their  importance  merits."— Preface. 

"  Mr.  Gray  has  well  supported  the  previous  fame  acquired  by 
his  Key  to  the  Old  Testament,  and  has  ably  elucidated  some  diffi 
cult  points,  particularly  the  much-controverted  doctrine  of  the 
Millennium."— British  Critic. 

4.  Connexion   between   the   Sacred  Writings  and  the 
Literature   of    the  Jewish   and    Heathen   Authors,  <fcc., 
1816,  '19,  8vo. 

"  This  is  a  work  of  a  much  higher  order  than  the  former,  dis 
covering  profound  and  elegant  learning,  and  considerable  talents 
for  elucidating  the  minute  and  obscure  allusions  both  of  sacred 
and  profane  literature." — Orme's  Bibl.  Bib. 

"Indispensably  necessary  to  the  biblical  student  who  cannot 
command  access  to  all  the  classic  authors." — Home's  Bibl.  Brit. 

An  Analysis  of  the  Connexion  will  be  found  in  the 
British  Critic,  N.  S.,  xiii,  316. 

5.  Josiah   and   Cyrus  the  two  great  objects  of  Divine 
Notice  in  the  Scheme  of  Revelation,  1833,  12mo. 

Gray,  S.  The  Happiness  of  States;  or,  An  Inquiry 
concerning  Population,  Ac.,  1815,  4to.  Other  works. 

Gray,  Samuel  Frederick.  1.  Arrangement  of  Brit. 
Plants,  1821,  2  vols.  Svo.  2.  Elements  of  Pharmacy  and 
Materia  Medica,  Svo.  3.  Operative  Chemist,  1823,  Svo. 
4.  Supplement  to  the  Pharmacopoeia,  by  Redwood,  1847, 
Svo;  2d  ed.,  1848. 

"  This  is  a  work  of  great  and  general  utility.  To  the  practitioner 
and  retail  druggist  it  must  prove  extremely  useful ;  indeed,  to 
them  it  is  almost  indispensable." — Lon.  Med.  Repository. 

Gray,  Stephen.  Con.  on  Astronomy  and  Nat.  Philos. 
to  Phil.  Trans.,  1696,  '99,  1701,  '03,  '20,  '31,  '32,  '35. 

Gray,  Thomas.     See  GREY. 

Gray,  Thomas,  Dec.  26,  1716-July  30,  1771,  the 
celebrated  author  of  the  Elegy  written  in  a  Country 
Church-yard,  was  a  native  of  Cornhill,  London,  in  which 
city  his  father  followed  the  occupation  of  a  money- 
scrivener.  The  latter  was  a  man  of  violent  passions  and 
brutal  manners,  and  it  was  to  his  excellent  mother  that 
the  future  poet  was  indebted  for  those  opportunities  of 
education  which  he  enjoyed,  first  at  Eton  School,  and 
subsequently  (1734-38)  at  Peter-house,  Cambridge.  In 
1738  he  returned  to  London,  with  the  intention  of  pursu 
ing  the  study  of  the  law.  He  was  soon  discouraged,  how 
ever,  by  the  difficulties  of  the  preliminary  branches,  and 
not  unwilling  to  accede  to  his  friend  Horace  Walpole's 
request  to  accompany  him  on  a  tour  on  the  continent. 
"In  the  study  of  the  law,"  says  Gray  in  a  letter  to  West, 
"the  labour  is  long,  and  the  elements  dry  and  uninterest 
ing;  nor  was  there  ever  anybody  (especially  those  that 
afterwards  made  a  figure  in  it)  amused,  or  even  not  dis 
gusted,  at  the  beginning."  In  such  a  frame  of  mind,  the 
invitation  to  visit  the  classic  land  of  Italy,  in  company 
with  the  lively  Horace,  must  have  been  received  with  no 
little  delight. 

In  the  spring  of  1739  the  travellers  left  London,  and 
continued  together  until  1741,  when  they  parted  at  Reg- 
gio,  after  many  unhappy  disputes,  for  which  Walpole, 
according  to  his  own  confession,  was  most  to  blame.  At 
a  later  period  of  life  their  friendly  relations  were  renewed 
in  consequence  of  Walpole's  amicable  overtures,  which 
were  received  in  a  proper  spirit  by  the  poet. 

In  September,  1741,  Gray  returned  to  London,  and  in 
1742  took  his  degree  at  Cambridge  of  Bachelor  of  Civil 
Law.  His  father  was  now  dead,  and  he  resolved  to  settle 
permanently  at  Cambridge ;  and,  with  the  exception  of 
occasional  trips  to  Wales,  Scotland,  and  the  Lakes  of 
Westmoreland,  and  a  three  years'  residence  in  London,  for 
convenience  of  access  to  the  British  Museum,  he  resided 
in  this  place  for  the  balance  of  his  life.  In  1756,  in  con 
sequence  of  the  annoyance  which  he  experienced  from  the 
"rudeness  and  boisterous  practical  jokes  of  some  riotous 
young  men  in  the  same  college  building,"  he  removed 
from  Peter-house,  which  was  endeared  by  the  acquaint 
ance  of  more  than  twenty  years,  to  Pembroke-hall,  where 
now  resided  some  of  his  intimate  friends.  In  1757  he 
declined  the  office  of  Poet-Laureate,  vacated  by  the 

725 


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death  of  Gibber.  In  1762  he  made  an  unsuccessful  appli 
cation  for  the  professorship  of  Modern  History  at  Cam 
bridge,  worth  £400  per  annum;  but  this  post  was  con 
ferred  upon  him  by  the  Duke  of.  Grafton  in  1768.  For 
this  act  of  kindness  his  Grace  was  rewarded  by  Gray's 
Ode  on  the  Installation  of  the  Duke  of  Grafton  to  the 
Chancellorship  of  the  University  of  Cambridge,  to  which 
he  was  elected  in  1769.  The  duties  of  his  professorship 
were  practically  neglected  by  the  new  incumbent,  although 
he  taught  the  languages  by  proxy,  and  contemplated  the 
delivery  of  a  course  of  lectures,  the  preparation  of  which 
was  cut  short  by  his  death.  On  the  24th  of  July,  1771, 
while  at  dinner  in  the  college-hall,  he  was  seized  with 
gout  in  the  stomach,  which  proved  fatal  on  the  evening 
of  the  30th  of  the  same  month. 

A  detailed  account  of  the  literary  life  and  literary  dreams 
of  this  ripe  scholar  and  estimable  man — his  warm  friend 
ships,  his  embarrassing  sensitiveness,  and  the  magnificent 
visions  of  immortal  labours  which  haunted  his  mind  but 
never  saw  the  light — will  not  be  expected  in  the  narrow 
limits  to  which  we  are  confined.  In  the  biographies  of 
Johnson,  Mathias,  Chalmers,  Mason,  Mitford,  and  of  Henry 
Reed, — prefixed  to  his  edit,  of  the  Poems  of  Gray  pub.  by 
Henry  C.  Baird,  Phila.,  1850,  12mo, — and  in  the  letters, 
Ac.  of  Walpole,  Nicholls,  Forbes,  Boswell,  Bowles,  Beattie, 
and  other  notices  of  the  men  of  the  times  in  which  the  poet 
lived,  will  be  found  sufficient  to  gratify  the  curiosity  and 
delight  of  the  most  enthusiastic  of  his  admirers. 

It  now  becomes  our  duty  to  lay  before  the  reader  the 
opinions  of  a  number  of  eminent  critics  upon  the  merits 
of  the  principal  productions  of  an  author  who  must  always 
occupy  an  exalted  rank  among  the  greater  poets  of  Eng 
land. 

1.  Ode  on  a  Distant  Prospect  of  Eton  College.  Written 
in  1742;  pub.  in  1747,  fol. 

"  The  Ode  on  a  Distant  Prospect  of  Eton  College  is  more  me 
chanical  and  commonplace  [than  the  Elegy  in  a  Country  Church 
yard]  ;  but  it  touches  on  certain  strings  about  the  heart,  that 
vibrate  in  unison  with  it  to  our  latest  breath.  No  one  ever  passes 
by  Windsor's  'stately  heights,'  or  sees  the  distant  spires  of  Eton 
College  below,  without  thinking  of  Gray.  He  deserves  that  we 
should  think  of  him;  for  he  thought  of  others,  and  turned  a 
trembling,  ever-watchful  ear  to  '  the  still  sad  music  of  humanity.' " 
— HazlitPs  Lectures  on  the  Eng.  Poets. 

Of  Dr.  Johnson's  comments  on  this  Ode  it  is  enough  to 
quote  the  first  six  lines  as  a  specimen  of  the  hypercriticism 
in  which  this  great  writer  sometimes  unwarrantably  in 
dulges  : 

"  The  Prospect  of  Eton  College  suggests  nothing  to  Gray  which 
every  other  beholder  does  not  equally  think  and  feel.  His  suppli 
cation  to  Father  Thames,  to  tell  him  who  drives  the  hoop  or  tosses 
the  ball,  is  useless  and  puerile.  Father  Thames  has  no  better 
means  of  knowing  than  himself." — Life  of  Gray. 

This  undignified  sneer  has  been  well  rebuked  by  Mr 
Mitford : 

"  Are  we  by  this  rule  of  criticism  to  judge  the  following  passage 
in  the  twentieth  chapter  of  Rasselas  ?  '  As  they  were  sitting  to 
gether,  the  princess  cast  her  eyes  on  the  river  that  flowed  before 
her :  "  Answer,"  said  she,  "  great  Father  of  Waters,  thou  that  rolles 
thy  floods  through  eighty  nations,  to  the  invocation  of  the  daughter 
of  thy  native  king.  Tell  me,  if  thou  waterest,  through  all  thy 
course,  a  single  habitation  from  which  thou  dost  not  hear  the  mur 
murs  of  complaint  ?" ' ' 

This  is  an  admirable  specimen  of  the  argumentum.  cr< 
Tiominem.  But,  if  Dr.  Johnson  has  unduly  appreciated  thi 
Ode,  a  later  authority,  of  no  contemptible  rank,  has  per 
haps  greatly  overrated  it : 

"Gray  has,  in  his  ode  on  Eton  College,  whether  we  consider  th 
sweetness  of  the  versification  or  its  delicious  train  of  plaintive  ten 
derness,  rivalled  every  lyric  effort  of  ancient  or  modern  times." — 
DR.  DRAKE  :  Literary  Hours. 

2.  Ode  on  Spring.     Written  in  1742. 

"  His  ode  On  Spring  has  something  poetical,  both  in  the  languag 
and  the  thought;  but  the  language  is  too  luxuriant,  and  th 
thoughts  have  nothing  new." — DR.  JOHNSON  :  Life  of  Gray. 

3.  Hymn  to  Adversity.     Written  in  1742. 

"The  hint  was  at  first  taken  from  ' 0  Diva,  gratum  quae  regi 
Antium;'  but  Gray  has  excelled  his  original  by  the  variety  of  hi 
sentiments,  and  by  their  moral  application.  Of  this  piece,  at  one 
poetical  and  rational,  I  will  not,  by  slight  objections,  violate  th 
dignity."— DR.  JOHNSON  :  Life  of  Gray. 

4.  Elegy  written  in  a  Country  Church-yard.     Commence 
in  1742,  revised  from  time  to  time,  and  completed  in  1749 
pub.  by  Dodsley  in  Feb.  1751.     There  is  a  tradition  tha 
the  Elegy  was  composed  in  the  "precincts  of  the  Churc 
of  Granchester,  about  two  miles  from  Cambridge;  and  th 
curfew  is  supposed  to  have  been  the  great  bell  of  S 
Mary's." 

The  popularity  of  this  exquisite  composition  was  iminc 
diate   and   extensive.     Gray  himself  tells  the  story  in 
note  on  the  margin  of  a  manuscript  copy  of  the   Eleg 
preserved  at  Cambridge  among  the  poet's  papers : 

"  Published  in  Feb.  1751,  by  Dodsley,  and  went  thro'  four  ed 
726 


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ons  in  two  months;  and  afterwards  a  5th,  6th,  7th,  and  8th,  9th, 
th.  and  llth ;  printed  also  in  1753  with  Mr.  Bentley's  Designs,  of 
hich  there  is  a  2d  edition,  and  again  by  Dodsley  in  bis  Miscellany, 
)1.  iv.,  and  in  a  Scotch  collection  call'd  Vie  Union,  translated  into 
atin  by  Chr.  Anstey,  Esq.,  and  the  Rev.  Mr.  Roberts,  and  pub- 
sh'd  in  1762 ;  and  again  in  the  same  year  by  Rob.  Lloyd,  M.A." 
The  reader  is,  of  course,  an  ardent  admirer  of  the  Elegy, 
nd  therefore  will  not  be  displeased  to  read  the  enthusiastic 
ncomiums  which  have  been  lavished  upon  it  by  critics 
ho  have  earned  a  right  to  be  heard  with  respect: 
"It  is  a  poem  which  is  universally  understood  and  admired; 
ot  only  for  its  poetical  beauties,  but  alsu,  and  perhaps  chiefly,  for 
s  expressing  sentiments  in  which  every  man  thinks  himself  in- 
erested.  and  which  at  certain  times  are  familiar  to  all  men." — 
R.  BEATTIE. 

"  Had  Gray  written  nothing  but  his  Elegy,  high  as  he  stands,  I 
m  not  sure  that  he  would  not  stand  higher;  it  is  the  corner-stone 
f  his  glory.  . .  .  Gray's  Elegy  pleased  instantly  and  eternally." — 
ORD  BYRON. 

The  eulogy  of  General  Wolfe  is  almost  too  well  known 

o  bear  repetition.     The  night  before  the  attack  on  Quebec, 

n  which  he  lost  his  life,  he  declared  to  his  fellow-soldiers — 

Now,  gentlemen,  I  would  rather  be  the  author  of  that 

oem  than  take  Quebec." 

I  know  not  what  there  is  of  spell  in  the  following  simple  line : 

'  The  rude  forefathers  of  the  hamlet  sleep ;' 
ut  no  frequency  of  repetition  can  exhaust  its  touching  charm, 
'his  fine  poem  overcame  even  the  spiteful  enmity  of  Johnson, 
nd  forced  him  to  acknowledge  its  excellence."— SIR  S.  EGERION 
JRYDGES  :  Imaginative  Biography. 

The  remark — "spiteful  enmity  of  Johnson" — is  in  very 
ad  taste,  and  moreover  very  unjust;  but  Sir  Egerton  was 
ot  the  most  amiable  of  mortals.     Johnson's  commendation 
f  the  Elegy  is  hearty,  enthusiastic,  and  gladly  accorded  : 
"  In  the  character  of  his  Elegy  I  rejoice  to  concur  with  the  com 
mon  reader;  for  by  the  common  sense  of  readers,  uncorrupted  with 
iterary  prejudices,  after  all  the  refinements  of  subtility  and  the 
ogmatism  of  learning,  must  be  finally  decided  all  claim  to  poetical 
lonours.    The  Church-yard  abounds  with  images  which  find  a 
mirror  in  every  mind,  and  with  sentiments  to  which  every  bosom 
eturns  an  echo.     The  four  stanzas  beginning  'yet  even  these 
)ones,'  are  to  me  original :  I  have  never  seen  the  notions  in  any 
)ther  place;  yet  he  that  reads  them  here  persuades  himself  that 
le  has  always  felt  them.    Had  Gray  written  often  thus,  it  had 
>een  vain  to  blame  and  useless  to  praise  him." — Life  of  Gray. 

Yet  there  is  much  truth  in  the  remark  of  a  modern  critic? 
;hat  the  Elegy  owes  its  popularity  not  altogether  to  "the 
strain  of  thought:" 

"There  is  a  charm  in  metre,  as  there  is  in  music;  it  is  of  the 
same  kind,  though  the  relation  may  be  remote;  and  it  differs  less 
n  degree,  perhaps,  than  one  who  has  not  an  ear  for  poetry  can  be- 
leve. .  .  .  Gray's  Elegy  owes  much  of  its  popularity  to  its  strain  of 
verse;  the  strain  of  thought  alone,  natural  and  touching  as  it  is, 
would  never  have  impressed  it  upon  the  hearts  of  thousands  and 
tens  of  thousands,  unless  the  diction  and  metre  in  which  it  was 
embodied  had  been  perfectly  in  unison  with  it.  Beattie  ascribed 
its  general  reception  to  both  causes,  [see  above.]  .  .  .  Neither  cause 
would  have  sufficed  for  producing  so  general  and  extensive  and 
permanent  an  effect,  unless  the  poem  had  been,  in  the  full  import 
3f  the  word,  harmonious." — Southey's  Life  of  Cowper. 

"  Gray's  Pindaric  Odes  are,  I  believe,  generally  given  up  at  pre 
sent,  [not  so ;]  they  are  stately  and  pedantic ;  a  kind  of  methodical 
borrowed  phrensy.  But  I  cannot  so  easily  give  up,  nor  will  the 
world  be  in  any  haste  to  part  with,  his  Elegy  in  a  Country  Church 
yard;  it  is  one  of  the  most  classical  productions  that  ever  was 
penned  by  a  refined  and  thoughtful  mind  moralizing  on  human 
life.  Mr.  Coleridge  (in  his  Literary  Life)  says  that  his  friend  Mr. 
Wordsworth  had  undertaken  to  show  that  the  language  of  the 
Elegy  is  unintelligible:  it  has,  however,  been  understood!" — 
Hazlitt's  Lectures  on  the  English  Poets. 

"  Of  smaller  poems,  the  Elegy  of  Gray  may  be  considered  as  the 
most  exquisite  and  finished  example  in  the  world  of  the  effect 
resulting  from  the  intermixture  of  evening  scenery  and  pathetic 
reflection." — Drake's  Literary  Hours. 

This  is  a  specimen  of  the  censurable  extravagance  of 
which  enthusiasm  is  so  often  guilty.  Had  Mr.  Drake 
read  all  the  poetry  of  this  species  "  in  the  world  ?"  and,  if 
so,  (of  course  an  impossibility,)  did  his  memory  retain 
it  with  such  faithfulness  as  to  enable  him  to  make  the 
comparison  with  the  results  of  which  he  favours  us  ? 

In  a  similar  strain  of  hyperbole,  Mr.  Mathias  assures 
us  that,  as  a  poet,  Gray  is  "  second  to  none." 

Such  exaggeration  is  in  very  bad  taste.  We  shall  see, 
before  we  have  done  with  our  examination  of  Gray's 
poetry,  that  this  is  not  the  only  instance  in  which  Mr. 
Mathias's  enthusiasm  has  caused  the  critic  to  degenerate 
into  the  rhapsodist. 

An  interesting  subject  connected  with  the  Elegy  is  the 
number  of  translations  of  it  which  have  been  made  in 
various  languages.  And  here  we  cannot  do  better  than 
quote  an  extract  from  the  biography  of  Gray — already 
referred  to — by  our  valued  and  lamented  friend,  the  late 
Professor  Henry  Reed : 

"One  peculiar  and  remarkable  tribute  to  the  merit  of  The 
Elegy  is  to  be  noticed  in  the  great  number  of  translations  which 
have  been  made  of  it  into  various  languages,  both  of  ancient  and 
modern  Europe.  It  is  the  same  kind  of  tribute  which  has  been 
rendered  to  '  Robinson  Crusoe'  and  to  '  The  Pilgrim's  Progress,' 


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and  is  proof  of  the  same  universality  of  interest,  transcending 
the  limits  of  language  and  of  race.  To  no  poem  in  the  English 
language  has  the  same  kind  of  homage  been  paid  so  abundantly. 
Of  what  other  poem  is  there  a  polyglott  edition?  Italy  and  Eng 
land  have  competed  with  their  polyglott  editions  of  '  The  Elegy :' 
Torri's,  bearing  the  title,  'Elegia  di  Tomasso  Gray  sopra  un  Cimi- 
tero  di  Campagna,  tradotta  dell  Inglese  in  piu  lingue.  Verona, 
1817 ;  Livorno,  1843 ;'  and  Yan  Voorst's  London  edition. 

"  The  following  list  of  the  translations  will  perhaps  best  illus 
trate  this  unwonted  tribute  to  a  poet's  genius : 

"Hebrew,  by  G.  Venturi,  an  eminent  Italian  Oriental  scholar, 
•who  in  his  version  limited  himself  to  use  of  words,  and,  as  far  as 
possible,  phrases,  found  in  the  Old  Testament. 

"Greek,  by  Professor  Cooke,  Cambridge,  1775 ;  Dr.  Norbury,  Eton, 
1793;  Bishop  Sparke,  London,  1794 ;  Dr.  Coote,  London,  1794;  Ste 
phen  Weston,  London,  1794 ;  Edward  Tew,  London,  1795;  and 
the  Epitaph  alone,  by  J.  Plumtree,  1795;  and  the  Elegy  by 
Cyprianio. 

"Latin,  by  Robert  Lloyd,  1762;  W.  H.  Roberts,  Cambridge, 
1762,  and  London,  1778 ;  Signer  Gio.  Costa,  Padua,  1772 ;  Gilbert 
Waketield,  Cambridge,  1776;  Christopher  Anstey,  London,  1778; 
Anonymous,  Cambridge;  S.  N.  E..  London,  1824;  W.  Hilyard;  J. 
H.  Macauley,  in  the  '  Arundines  Cami ;'  G.  F.  Barbieri ;  Ben  del 
Bene ;  G.  Venturi. 

"Italian,  by  M.  Cesarotti,  Padua,  1772;  G.  Gennari,  Padua, 
1772;  Dr.  Giannini,  London,  1782 ;  G.  Torelli,  Verona,  1776;  D. 
Trant.  (prose ;)  M.  Lastri;  A.Buttura;  P.  Baraldi ;  M.  Castellazi ; 
Elisabetta  Sesler  Bond,  (prose;)  M.  Leoni;  L.  Mancini;  Cavaz- 
zoca  D.  Gregori,  Rome,  1821. 

"Portuguese,  by  Boulard. 

"French,  by  De  Berchere,  Hookham,  1778 ;  L.  D.  Chatham,  1806 ; 
Anonymous,  (prose,)  Paris, '  an  vi. ;'  LeTourneur,  Dubois,  Cabanis, 
Chenier,  Fayolle,  Kerivalant,  Grenus,  Charrin,  Le  Mierre,  Vil- 
leneuve,  Fontanes,  Chateaubriand. 

"German,  by  Gotter,  Gotha,  1788;  Seume,  Riga,  1801;  Kose- 
garten,  1798;  Mason;  Miiller;  Ruphrecht. 

"  This  list  is  compiled  from  several  authorities,  but  chiefly  from 
an  article  selected  from  a  German  miscellany  for  '  The  Literary 
World,'  New  York,  Oct.  1849 ;  and  from  several  communications 
to  that  novel  and  useful  periodical,  '  Notes  and  Queries,'  London, 
1850." 

An  interesting  account  of  the  sale  of  the  Library  of 
Gray  (27th  Nov.,  1845)  will  be  found  in  the  Gentleman's 
Magazine  for  January,  1846,  29-33.  From  another 
authority  we  quote  a  graphic  description  of  the  sale  of 
the  original  manuscript  of  the  Elegy : 

"  The  original  manuscript  of  Gray's  Elegy  was  lately  sold  at 
auction  in  London.  There  was  really  '  a  scene'  in  the  auction- 
room.  Imagine  a  stranger  entering  in  the  midst  of  a  sale  of  some 
rusty-looking  old  books.  The  auctioneer  produces  two  small  half- 
sheets  of  paper,  written  over,  torn,  and  mutilated.  He  calls  it  'a 
most  interesting  article,'  and  apologizes  for  its  condition.  Picker 
ing  bids  ten  pounds!  Rodd,  Foss,  Thorpe,  Bohn,  Holloway.  and 
some  few  amateurs  quietly  remark,  twelve,  fifteen,  twenty,  twenty- 
five,  thirty,  and  so  on,  till  there  is  a  pause  at  sixty-three  pounds! 
The  hammer  strikes.  '  Hold !'  says  Mr.  Foss.  '  It  is  mine,' says 
the  amateur.  '  No,  I  bid  sixty-five  in  time.'  '  Then  I  bid  seventy.' 
•  Seventy-five,'  says  Mr.  Foss;  and  fives  are  repeated  again,  until 
the  two  bits  of  paper  are  knocked  down,  amidst.a  general  cheer,  to 
Payne  &  Foss,  for  one  hundred  pounds  sterling !  On  these  bits  of 
paper  are  written  the  first  drafts  of  the  Elegy  in  a  Country  Church 
yard,  by  Thomas  Gray,  including  five  verses  which  were  omitted 
in  publication,  and  with  the  poet's  interlinear  corrections  and 
alterations, — certainly  an  'interesting  article;'  several  persons 
supposed  it  would  call  for  a  ten-pound  note,  perhaps  even  twenty. 
A  single  volume,  with  '  W.  Shakspeare'  in  the  fly-leaf,  produced, 
sixty  years  ago,  a  hundred  guineas;  but  probably,  with  that  ex 
ception,  no  mere  autograph,  and  no  single  sheet  of  paper,  ever 
produced  the  sum  of  Jive  hundred  dollars!" 

The  purchaser  of  this  precious  MS.  was  Mr.  Penn,  of 
Stoke  Pogis,  who  also  purchased  the  MS.  of  The  Long 
Story,  for  £45.  The  MS.  of  the  Elegy  was  sold  in  Au 
gust,  1854,  to  Mr.  Wrightson,  of  Birmingham,  for  £131. 
See  Gent.  Mag.  for  Sept.  1854,  272.  At  this  sale  the  en 
tire  collection  of  Gray  MSS.  sold  for  £418  7».  See  also 
the  London  Athenaeum,  1854,  941,  696. 

5.  The  Alliance  of  Education  and  Government :  an  un 
finished  ethical  poem  of  107  lines;  commenced  in  1748. 
The  first  fifty-seven  lines  of  this  poem  were  transmitted 
by  Gray  to  Dr.  Wharton  : 

"I  fill  my  paper  with  the  beginning  of  an  essay;  what  name  to 
give  it  I  know  not ;  but  the  subject  is  the  Alliance  of  Education 
and  Government :  I  mean  to  show  that  they  must  both  concur 
to  produce  great  and  useful  men." 

Of  this  poem  Dr.  Johnson  remarks 

"  The  fragments  which  remain  have  many  excellent  lines." — 
Life  of  Gray. 

But  these  "excellent  lines"  elicited  a  warmer  com 
mendation  from  the  historian  of  the  Decline  and  Fall  of 
the  Roman  Empire : 

"  Instead  of  compiling  tables  of  chronology  and  natural  history, 
•why  did  not  Mr.  Gray  apply  the  powers  of  his  genius  to  finish  the 
philosophic  poem  of  which  he  has  left  such  an  exquisite  speci 
men?" 

Mr.  Nicholls  put  the  same  question  to  Gray  himself, 
and  the  poet  gave  a  prompt  and  frank  response  to  the 
query :  see  Nicholls's  Reminiscences  of  Gray. 

6.  Ode  to  Vicissitude.     The  fragment  to  which  this  title 
was  given  was  written  in  1754. 

"  Sir  Egerton  Brydges,  through  whose  multifarious  works  there 


is  scattered  much  fine  appreciation  of  both  the  strength  and  the 
weakness  of  Gray's  character,  has  spoken  of  this  poem  as  the 
'  sublime  lyrical  fragment  on  Vicissitude,'  '  in  which'  (he  adds)  '  I 
do  not  hesitate  to  pronounce  the  following  stanza  among  the  most 
perfect  specimens  which  the  poetry  of  any  country  can  produce : 
'  Yesterday  the  sullen  year 

Saw  the  snowy  whirlwind  fly; 
Mute  was  the  music  of  the  air; 
The  herd  stood  drooping  by : 
Their  raptures  now  that  wildly  flow, 
No  yesterday  nor  morrow  know ; 
'Tis  man  alone  that  joy  descries 
With  forward  and  reverted  eyes.' " 

HENRY  REED  :  Memoir  of  Gray. 

7.  The  Progress  of  Poesy ;  a  Pindaric  Ode.  Completed 
in  1755.  8.  The  Bard ;  a  Pindaric  Ode.  Commenced  in 
1755.  Both  7  and  8  were  printed  at  the  Strawberry-Hill 
Press,  by  Horace  Walpole,  in  1757,  4to. 

"I  found  Gray  in  town  last  week.  He  brought  his  two  odes  to 
be  printed.  I  snatched  them  out  of  Dodsley's  hands,  and  they 
are  to  be  the  first-fruits  of  my  press." — WALPOLE. 

The  Pindaric  Odes  were  not  popular :  they  were  neg 
lected  by  the  public  and  laughed  at  by  the  wits, — nay, 
openly  burlesqued  by  George  Colman  the  elder,  and 
Robert  Lloyd,  in  the  odes  To  Obscurity  and  To  Oblivion, — 
the  first  intended  for  Gray  and  the  second  for  Mason : 

"  Little  did  the  two  wits  think  how  small,  in  comparison  with 
Gray,  they  would  appear  in  the  eyes  of  posterity;  and  that  The 
Bard,  which  was  then  neglected  by  the  public,  would,  in  the 
course  of  the  next  generation,  become  the  most  popular  ode  in  the 
English  language."— SOUTHEY  :  Life  of  Cowper. 

But  Colman,  in  his  Miscellaneous  Works,  pub.  in  1787, 
amply  vindicates  Lloyd  and  himself  against  the  charge 
of  ill-nature. 

The  best  proof  of  their  want  of  adaptation  to  the  public 
comprehension  and  taste  is  the  fact  of  their  general  neglect. 
Dr.  Johnson  describes  them  as 

"  Two  compositions  at  which  the  readers  of  poetry  were  at  first 
content  to  gaze  in  mute  amazement.  Some  that  tried  them  con 
fessed  their  inability  to  understand  them,  though  Warburton 
said  that  they  were  understood  as  well  as  the  works  of  Milton  and 
Shakspeare,  which  it  is  the  fashion  to  admire.  Garrick  wrote  a 
few  lines  in  their  praise.  Some  hardy  champions  undertook  to 
rescue  them  from  neglect;  and  in  a  short  time  many  were  content 
to  be  shown  beauties  which  they  could  not  see." — Life  of  Gray. 
Read  the  whole  of  this  critique. 

Walpole  admired  the  Odes  greatly,  but  admitted  their 
unpopularity : 

" '  You  are  very  particular,'  he  remarks  to  Montague,  '  in  liking 
Gray's  Odes;  but  you  must  remember  the  age  likes  Akenside  and 
did  like  Thompson !  Can  the  same  people  like  both  ?' " 

Mr.  Forster  thinks  that  Walpole's  admiration  was  rather 
extravagant : 

"  Two  noble  productions,  it  must  surely  be  admitted,  whatever 
of  cavil  can  be  urged  against  them:  though  not  to  be  admired  as 
Walpole  admired."— Life  of  Goldsmith. 

Gray  himself  draws  an  amusing  picture  of  the  public 
distaste : 

"  Even  my  friends  tell  me  they  (the  Odes)  do  not  succeed,  and 
write  me  moving  topics  of  consolation  on  that  head.  In  sMort,  I 
have  heard  of  nobody  but  an  actor  [Garrick]  and  a  doctor  of 
divinity  [Warburton]  that  profess  their  esteem  for  them.  Oh  yes  I 
a  lady  of  quality,  (a  friend  of  Mason's,)  who  is  a  great  reader.  She 
knew  there  was  a  compliment  to  Dryden,  but  never  suspected 
there  was  any  thing  said  about  Shakspeare  or  Milton,  till  it  was 
explained  to  her,  and  wishes  that  there  had  been  titles  prefixed 
to  tell  what  they  were  about."— Letter  to  Mr.  Hurd,  afterwards 
Bishop  of  Lichfield  and  Coventry. 

Forster  remarks  that  Gray  might  have  added  to  the 
admirers  of  the  Odes  "the  poor  monthly  critic  of  The 
Dunciad." 

The  "poor  monthly  critic"  thus  referred  to  was  no  less 
a  person  than  Oliver  Goldsmith,  then  a  hack-writer  for 
Griffith.  See  our  life  of  GOLDSMITH,  in  this  volume. 

The  original  review  lies  before  us  now,  and  we  would 
fain  quote  from  it  copiously,  to  show  both  the  merits  of 
the  reviewer  and  his  hearty  and  intelligent  appreciation 
of  his  author.  As  for  us,  we  never  read  six  lines  of  Gold 
smith — either  his  poetry  or  his  prose — without  finding  our 
rather  familiar  fondness  for  the  man  awed  into  admiring 
respect  for  the  writer.  Where,  excepting  in  the  epigram 
matic  conciseness  which  distinguishes  some  of  his  descrip 
tions  of  national  characteristics  in  his  poem  of  The  Tra 
veller,  shall  we  find  so  exquisite  and  faithful  a  miniature 
of  a  whole  people  as  in  the  following  lines? 

"  He  speaks  to  a  people  not  easily  impressed  with  new  ideas, 
extremely  tenacious  of  the  old;  with  difficulty  warmed,  and  as 
slowly  cooling  again.  How  unsuited  then  to  our  national  cha 
racter  is  that  species  of  poetry  which  rises  upon  us  with  unex 
pected  flights!  where  we  must  hastily  catch  the  thought,  or  it 
flies  from  us ;  and,  in  short,  where  the  Reader  must  largely  par 
take  of  the  Poet's  enthusiasm  in  order  to  taste  of  his  beauties."— 
Review  of  Odes  by  Mr.  Gray,  Lon.  Month.  Rev.,  xvii.  239-243;  Sept. 

The  critic  proceeds  to  declare  that  certain  passages  of 
The  Bard,  which  he  cites, 
"  Will  give  as  much  pleasure  to  those  who  relish  this  species  of 


GRA 


GRA 


composition  as  any  thing  that  has  hitherto  appeared  ia  our  lan 
guage,  the  odes  of  Dryden  himself  not  excepted." 

"  His  Odes  did  not,  nor  yet  do  they,  please  like  his  Elegy."— 
LORD  BYRON. 

We  have  already  quoted  with  dissent  a  disparaging 
comment  on  the  Odes,  by  Hazlitt,  and  promised  to  quote 
a  eulogy,  from  the  extravagance  of  which  we  also  dissent, 
by  Mr.  Mathias  : 

"There  is  not  another  ode  in  the  English  language  which  is 
constructed  like  these  two  compositions  ;  with  such  power,  such 
majesty,  and  such  sweetness,  with  such  proportioned  pauses  and 
just  cadences,  with  such  regulated  measures  of  the  verse,  with 
such  master-principles  of  lyrical  art  displayed  and  exemplified, 
and,  at  the  same  time,  with  such  a  concealment  of  the  difficulty, 
which  is  lost  in  the  softness  and  uninterrupted  flowing  of  the 
lines  in  each  stanza,  with  such  a  musical  magic  that  every  verse 
in  it  in  succession  dwells  on  the  ear  and  harmonizes  with  that 
which  has  gone  before." 

Much  of  the  above,  considered  as  description,  is  undoubt 
edly  true  j  perhaps  all  of  it  is  true  :  but  this  lavish  use  of 
superlatives  which  has,  unfortunately  for  the  interests  of 
legitimate  criticism,  become  so  common  —  this  ''best  in  the 
language,"  —  "  the  best  in  any  language,"  —  "  unrivalled,"  — 
"unsurpassed"  —  is  our  special  aversion.  It  is  generally 
ignorance  and  vulgarity,  always  arrogance  and  bad  taste. 
No  writer  is  "the  best,"  no  woman  "the  handsomest,"  no 
man  "  the  wittiest,"  no  gallant  "  the  most  polite  :"  or,  if 
so  in  fact,  it  can  never  be  established  by  demonstration. 

9.  Ode  on  the  Installation  of  the  Duke  of  Grafton  to  the 
Chancellorship  of  the  University  of  Cambridge.     Written 
in  1769.     Pub.  1769,  4to. 

"  I  thought  myself  bound  in  gratitude  to  his  grace,  unasked,  to 
take  upon  me  the  task  of  writing  these  verses,  which  are  usually 
set  to  music,  on  this  occasion.  I  do  not  think  them  worth  sending 
you,  because  they  are  by  nature  doomed  to  live  but  a  single  day  ; 
or,  if  their  existence  is  prolonged  beyond  that  date,  it  is  only  by 
means  of  newspaper  parodies  and  witless  criticisms.  This  sort  of 
abuse  I  had  reason  to  expect,  but  did  not  think  it  worth  while  to 
avoid."  —  Gray  to  Beattie. 

This  Ode  has  also  been  rewarded  by  the  praises  of  critics 
of  no  ordinary  authority.  Mr.  Ilallam  dwells  with  pleasure 
upon 

"That  beautiful  stanza  where  he  has  made  the  founders  of 
Cambridge  to  pass  before  our  eyes  like  shadows  over  a  magic 
glass."—  Constit.  Hist,  of  Eng. 

"  I  think  there  is  something  very  majestic  in  Gray's  Installation 
Ode."  —  COLERIDGE. 

10.  Letters  of  Gray,  written  at  various  times  to  West, 
Walpole,   Wharton,    Mason,    Nicholls,    and    Bonstetten. 
These  comprise  all  of  his  letters,  with  the  exception  of 
about  twenty.     They  are  his  chief  prose  compositions, 
and  certainly  support  the  theory  that  the  best  poets  are 
also  the  best  writers  of  prose. 

"I  once  thought  Swift's  letters  the  best  that  could  be  written, 
but  I  like  Gray's  better.  His  humour,  or  his  wit,  or  whatever  it 
is  to  be  called,  is  never  ill-natured  or  offensive,  and  yet,  I  think, 
equally  poignant  with  the  Dean's."  —  COWPER. 

"  He  that  reads  his  epistolary  narration  wishes  that  to  travel 
and  to  tell  his  travels  had  been  more  of  his  employment;  but  it 
is  by  studying  at  home  that  we  must  obtain  the  ability  of  travel 
ling  with  intelligence  and  improvement."  —  DR.  JOHNSON  :  Life  of 
Gray. 

"I  am  acquainted  with  many  parts  of  your  excursion  through 
the  north  of  England,  and  very  glad  that  you  had  my  old  friend 
Mr.  Gray's  Letters  with  you,  which  are  indeed  so  well  written 
that  I  have  no  scruple  to  pronounce  them  the  best  letters  that 
have  been  printed  in  our  language.  Lady  Montagu's  are  not 
without  merit,  but  are  too  artificial  and  affected  to  be  confided  in 
as  true,  and  Lord  Chesterfield's  have  much  greater  faults,  —  indeed, 
some  of  the  greatest  that  letters  can  have  :  but  Gray's  letters  are 
always  sensible,  and  of  classical  conciseness  and  perspicuity. 
They  very  much  resemble  what  his  conversation  was."  —  DR. 
BEATTIE  :  Letter  to  a  Friend. 

"  His  letters  are  inimitably  fine.  If  his  poems  are  sometimes 
finical  and  pedantic,  his  prose  is  quite  free  from  affectation. 
He  pours  his  thoughts  out  upon  paper  as  they  arise  in  his  mind  ; 
and  they  arise  in  his  mind  without  pretence  or  constraint,  from 
the  pure  impulse  of  learned  leisure  and  contemplative  indolence. 
He  is  not  here  on  stilts  or  on  buckram,  but  smiles  in  his  easy-chair 
as  he  moralizes  through  the  loopholes  of  his  retreat  on  the  bustle 
and  raree-show  of  the  world,  or  'those  reverend  bedlams—  colleges 
and  schools.'  He  had  nothing  to  do  but  to  read  and  think,  and  to 
tell  his  friends  what  he  read  and  thought.  His  life  was  a  luxu 
rious,  thoughtful  dream."—  HAZLITT  :  Lectures  on  the  English  Poets. 
When  there  is  so  much  to  be  done  in  this  world,  so 
much  ignorance  to  be  instructed,  error  to  be  rectified,  vice 
to  be  reformed,  and  impiety  to  be  extirpated  and  misery 
to  be  consoled,  we  envy  not  that  man  who  has  no  better 
record  to  meet  him  on  the  Great  Day  than  that  "his  life 
was  a  luxurious,  thoughtful  dream." 

But  to  continue  our  quotations  respecting  Gray's  Letters  : 

"Delightful  indeed  are  these  Letters:  evincing  the  taste  of  a 
virtuoso,  the  attainments  of  a  scholar,  and  the  gaiety  of  a  classical 
wit."  —  DIBDIN:  Lib.  Cbmp. 

"  Read  Gray's  Letters  on  his  Tour  to  the  Lakes.  He  saw  little 
and  that  little  hastily  ;  but  what  he  did  see  he  sketched  with  the 

n  inimitably.    The  touches  with  which  he  occasionally  gives 
and  spirit  to  the  delineation  are  exquisite.    Yet  in  Gray's 


pen 
life 


prose,  as  in  his  verse,  there  is  something  affected ;  and  his  wit, 
though  very  refined  and  pure,  has  the  air  of  being  forced.  The 
description  of  the  sunrise  (Let.  6)  is  incomparably  fine." — GREEN  : 
Diary  of  a  Lover  of  Lit. 

Having  thus  noticed  the  principal  productions  of  Gray, 
we  presume  that  the  reader  will  be  gratified  by  some  quo 
tations  respecting  the  general  characteristics  of  an  author 
so  justly  distinguished  in  the  Republic  of  Letters. 

"  Perhaps  he  was  the  most  learned  man  in  Europe.  He  was 
equally  acquainted  with  the  elegant  and  profound  parts  of  science, 
and  that  not  superficially,  but  thoroughly.  He  knew  every  branch 
of  history,  both  natural  and  civil;  had  read  all  the  original  histo 
rians  of  England,  France,  and  Italy ;  and  was  a  great  antiquarian. 
Criticism,  metaphysics,  morals,  politics,  made  a  principal  part  of 
his  study;  voyages  and  travels  of  all  sorts  were  his  favourite 
amusements;  and  he  had  a  fine  taste  in  painting,  prints,  archi 
tecture,  and  gardening." — REV.  WM.  TEMPLE:  Letter  to  James  Bos- 
wett. 

The  grandiloquent  phrase — "  the  most  learned  man  in 
Europe" — is  very  observable.  What  were  Mr.  Temple's 
opportunities  and  capacity  for  gauging  all  the  learning 
of  all  Europe?  But  upon  this  fault  of  exaggeration  we 
have  already  descanted  at  length,  here  and  elsewhere,  in 
the  present  volume. 

Gray  undoubtedly  possessed  some  knowledge  of  archi 
tecture.  In  our  article  on  EDWARD  BENTHAM  we  have 
taken  occasion  to  correct  an  error  respecting  Gray's  sup 
posed  share  in  the  History  of  Ely  Cathedral. 

"I  am  sorry  you  did  not  see  Mr.  Gray  on  his  return.  You 
would  have  been  much  pleased  with  him.  Setting  aside  his  merit 
as  a  poet,  which,  however,  in  my  opinion,  is  greater  than  any  of 
his  contemporaries  can  boast,  in  this  or  any  other  nation,  I  found 
him  possessed  of  the  most  exact  taste,  the  soundest  judgment, 
and  most  extensive  learning." — DR.  BEATTIE  :  Letter  to  a  Friend. 

"  What  has  occurred  to  me  from  the  slight  inspection  of  his 
Letters  in  which  my  undertaking  has  engaged  me  is,  that  his  mind 
had  a  large  grasp;  that  his  curiosity  was  unlimited  and  his  judg 
ment  cultivated;  that  he  was  a  man  likely  to  love  much  where  he 
loved  at  all,  but  that  he  was  fastidious  and  hard  to  please.  His 
contempt,  however,  is  often  employed,  where  I  hope  it  will  be  ap 
proved,  upon  scepticism  and  infidelity.  ...  He  has  a  kind  of  strut 
ting  dignity,  and  is  tall  by  walking  on  tiptoe.  His  art  and  his 
struggle  are  too  visible,  and  there  is  too  little  appearance  of  ease 
and  nature. 

"To  say  that  he  has  no  beauties  would  be  unjust:  a  man  like 
him,  of  great  learning  and  great  industry,  could  not  but  produce 
something  valuable.  When  he  pleases  least,  it  can  only  be  said 
that  a  good  design  was  ill  directed.  His  translations  of  Northern 
and  Welsh  Poetry  deserve  praise ;  the  imagery  is  preserved,  per 
haps  often  improved;  but  the  language  is  unlike  the  language  of 
other  poets." — DR.  JOHNSON  :  Life  of  Gray. 

The  "  fastidiousness"  and  effeminacy  of  the  poet  would 
appear  to  have  formed  prominent  points  in  his  character: 

"There  is  no  character  without  some  speck,  some  imperfection; 
and  I  think  the  greatest  defect  in  his  was  an  affectation  in  delicacy, 
or  rather  effeminacy,  and  a  visible  fastidiousness,  or  contempt  and 
disdain  of  his  inferiors  in  science." — REV.  WILLIAM  TEMPLE  :  Letter 
to  James  Soswett. 

"  His  faculties  were  endowed  with  uncommon  strength ;  he 
thought  with  a  manly  nervousness;  and  he  penetrated  forcibly 
into  every  subject  which  engaged  his  attention.  But  his  petty 
manners  were  disagreeably  effeminate  and  fastidious;  his  habits 
wanted  courage  and  hardiness;  and  his  temper  and  spirits  were  a 
prey  to  feebleness,  indolence,  and  trivial  derangements.  His  heart 
was  pure;  and  his  conduct,  I  firmly  believe,  stained  with  no  crime. 
He  loved  virtue  for  its  own  sake,  and  felt  a  just  and  never-slack 
ened  indignation  at  vice.  But  the  little  irritations  of  his  daily 
temper  were  too  much  affected  by  trifles ;  he  loved  to  assume  the 
character  of  the  fine  gentleman, — a  mean  and  odious  ambition  in 
any  one,  but  scarcely  to  be  forgiven  in  a  man  of  genius!  He 
would  shrug  his  shoulders  and  distort  his  voice  into  fastidious 
tones,  and  take  upon  himself  the  airs  of  what  folly  is  pleased  to 
call  high  company." — SIR  S.  EGERTON  BRYDGES  :  Traits  in  the  Literary 
Character  of  Gray  the  Poet :  Ce.ns.  Lit.,  ed.  1815,  viii.  216-221,  q.  v. 

But  Mason  remarks  in  Gray's  defence  that  his  effemi 
nacy  was  affected  most 

"  Before  those  whom  he  did  not  wish  to  please;  and  that  he  is 
unjustly  charged  with  making  knowledge  his  sole  reason  of  pre 
ference,  as  he  paid  his  esteem  to  none  whom  he  did  not  likewise 
believe  to  be  good." 

"There  has  always  appeared  to  me  an  effort  and  elaboration  in 
Gray's  compositions  very  remote  from  the  general  spirit  of  poetical 
effusion.  They  are  exquisite  pieces  of  mosaic,  curiously  wrought, 
of  the  rarest  precious  gems;  but  in  which  we  vainly  look  for  the 
bold  design,  free  handling,  and  glowing  excellencies  of  a  great 
painter."— GREEN:  Diary  of  a  Lover  of  Lit. 

As  regards  the  success  of  Gray  in  his  efforts  to  imitate 
the  poetry  of  the  classical  age,  there  can  be  but  little  room 
for  debate  :  that  this  success  has  been  unduly  exaggerated 
is  no  matter  of  surprise.  Indiscriminate  eulogy  is  treason 
to  the  object  of  our  adoration;  and  had  Gray's  frienda 
been  less  fervid  Dr.  Johnson  had  been  less  frigid. 

Mason  could  not  well  have  said  more  when  he  announced, 
as  a  dictum  of  undoubted  truth, 

"No  more  the  Grecian  Muse  unrivall'd  reigns; 
To  Britain  let  the  nations  homage  pay : 
She  boasts  a  Homer's  fire  in  Milton's  strains, 
A  Pindar's  rapture  in  the  Lyre  of  Gray." 

Perhaps  there  will  be  thought  to  be  something  of  exag- 


GRA 


GRA 


geration  in  the  glowing  eulogy  of  an  eminent  authority  of 
our  own  day : 

"  Gray,  whose  burning  thoughts  had  been  condensed  in  words 
of  more  than  classic  beauty." — SIR  ARCHIBALD  ALISON  :  Hist,  of 
Europe. 

Probably  some  modern  Akenside,  devoted  to  the  worship 
of  the  ancients,  would  write  on  the  margin  of  this  dictum, 
dele  "  more  than" 

Certain  it  is  that,  notwithstanding  the  vehement  protests 
of  Gray's  modern  admirers,  the  reputation  of  their  favour 
ite's  Pindaric  Odes  received  a  fatal  blow  on  the  day  when 
Johnson's  Lives  of  the  English  Poets  were  given  to  the 
world.  To  quote  the  words  of  a  modern  critic  of  great 
taste  and  refinement, 

"  The  Lyrical  crown  of  Gray  was  swept  away  at  one  fell  swoop  by 
the  ruthless  arm  of  Dr.  Johnson.  That  the  Doctors  celebrated 
critique  was  unduly  severe  must  be  admitted;  but  the  stern  cen 
sor  had  truth  on  his  side,  nevertheless.  There  is  more  of  Art  than 
Nature  in  Gray;  more  of  recollection  than  invention;  more  of 
acquirement  than  genius.  If  I  may  use  a  colloquial  illustration, 
I  should  say  that  the  marks  of  the  tool  are  too  evident  on  all  that 
he  does." — Neele's  Lectures  on  English  Poetry. 

Lord  Jeffrey,  in  a  review  of  Weber's  edition  of  Ford's 
Works, — see  our  biography  of  FORD, — remarks: 

"  After  Young  there  was  a  plentiful  lack  of  poetical  talent,  down 
to  a  period  comparatively  recent.  Akenside  and  Gray,  indeed,  in 
the  interval,  discovered  a  new  way  of  imitating  the  antients;  and 
Collins  and  Goldsmith  produced  some  small  specimens  of  exquisite 
and  original  poetry."— Edin.  Rev.,  xviii.  282. 

But  it  was  not  alone  the  poets  of  classical  antiquity 
which  engaged  the  studious  attention  of  Gray.  Philoso 
phy,  also,  had  its  claims  acknowledged  by  him.  His  com 
ments  on  Plato  elicited  the  ardent  admiration  of  no  less  a 
scholar  than  Dr.  Parr: 

"  When  I  read  the  poet  Gray's  observations  on  Plato,  published 
by  Mr.  Mathias,  my  first  impulse  was  to  exclaim,  '  Why  did  not 
I  write  this?'  Gray  alone  possesses  the  merit  of  avoiding  the 
errors  into  which  other  commentators  have  fallen;  there  are  no 
fine-spun  observations — no  metaphysical  absurdities — in  Gray." — 
Field's  Life  of  Parr. 

But  we  must  not  further  lengthen  a  long  article.  It  is 
time  that  we  had  noticed  some  of  the  editions  of  an  author 
who  has  now — not  unpleasantly,  we  trust — so  long  engaged 
the  attention  of  our  reader. 

1.  Ode  to  Eton  College,  Lon.,  1747,  fol.  2.  Elegy  written 
in  a  Country  Church-yard,  1751.  The  translations  of  this 
Elegy  into  other  languages  have  already  been  considered 
at  length.  Of  the  many  beautiful  illustrated  edits,  we 
may  be  permitted  to  notice  that  of  Van  Voorst,  of  London, 
with  33  Illustrations,  1839,  8vo ;  (Mr. Van  V.  has  also  pub. — 
in  1837,  8vo— an  edit,  of  The  Bard,  with  Illustrations  from 
drawings  by  the  Hon.  Mrs.  J.  Talbot;)  the  edit,  illustrated 
by  the  London  Etching  Club,  1847,  fol.  ;  the  one  illumi 
nated  by  Owen  Jones,  1846,  r.  8vo ;  and  the  edit,  illustrated 
by  Birket  Foster  and  others,  1853,  cr.  8vo;  2d  ed.,  1854. 
3.  Poems,  with  designs  by  R.  Bentley,  1753,  r.  4to.  These 
designs  were  executed  at  the  suggestion  of  Horace  Wai- 
pole,  by  his  friend  Richard  Bentley:  see  the  name  in  this 
Dictionary.  Gray  repaid  the  compliment  by  his  Stanzas 
to  Mr.  Bentley.  4.  Odes.  Printed  at  Strawberry  Hill, 
1757,  4to.  1000  copies.  5.  Poems,  Lon.,  1768,  12mo. 
6.  Ode  at  the  Installation  of  the  Duke  of  Grafton,  Cam 
bridge,  1769, 4to.  7.  Poems,  Dubl.,  1771,  4to.  This  beau 
tiful  edit,  was 

"Published  to  remove  the  reproaches  which  Ireland  has  long 
laboured  under  for  bad  printing." — Thomas  Swing's  (the printer) 
dedication  to  the  Et.  Hon.  Sam.  Oliver,  Esq.  ' 

8.  Poems,  with  Memoirs  of  his  Life  and  Writings,  by 
W.  Mason,  York,  1775,  4to ;  1778,  4  vols.  cr.  8vo ;  Lon., 
1789,  4to.     Also  pub.  in  2  vols.  8vo,  2  vols.  p.  8vo,  and 
1807,  2  vols.  12mo. 

"  Reluctant  indeed  should  I  be  to  dismiss  these  pages  to  the 
world  without  not  only  the  mention,  but  the  strong  recommen 
dation,  of  Mason's  Life  of  Gray,  1775,  4to,  with  a  portrait  of  that 
eminent  poet  prefixed.  I  should  rather  perhaps  call  this  book 
Gray's  Memoir  of  Himself,  as  the  biography  is  composed  chiefly  of 
the  poet's  own  letters.  .  .  .  The  neatest  and  best  edition  of  Mason 
is  that  printed  in  1778,  at  York,  in  4  vols.  crown  8vo,  worth  about 
24s.;  but  of  all  the  portraits  of  Gray,  I  consider  that  prefixed  to 
the  quarto  as  decidedly  the  best." — Dibdin's  Lib.  Comp. 

"The  taste,  the  zeal,  the  congenial  spirit  of  Mr.  Mason  certainly 
produced,  though  with  some  faults,  arising  principally  from  want 
of  erudition,  one  of  the  most  elegant  and  classical  volumes  in  the 
English  language." — Lon.  Quar.  Rev.,  xi.  304. 

9.  Poems,  1775,  fol.     10.  Latin  Odes  in  English  Verse, 
Ac.,  1776, 4to.     11.  Poetical  Works,  with  Notes  by  Gilbert 
Wakefield,  1786,  8vo. 

"  Looked  through  Wakefield's  Notes  on  Gray's  Poems.  His  style 
is  wonderfully  luxuriant,  and  he  seems  perfectly  to  enter  into  and 
feel  the  spirit  of  the  poet  whom  he  criticises.  The  fertility  too 
with  which  he  discovers  similitudes  is  marvellous;  but  if  Johnson 
is  penurious  in  his  praise  of  Gray,  Gilbert  M'akefield,  I  think,  is 

lavish Against  Johnson,  Waketield  is  severe,  even  to  virulence 

and  there  is  a  sentiment  at  the  close  of  the  annotations  on  the  Bardj 
at  which  I  revolt  with  disgust :  '  If  at  any  time  we  feel  ourselves 


dazzled  by  Dr.  Johnson's  bright  and  diffusive  powers  of  under 
standing,  we  may  turn  for  relief  to  his  criticisms  on  Gray,  his 
Prayers,  and  Meditations.'" — Green's  Diary  of  a  Lover  of  Lit. 

12.  Poetical  Works,  Glasg.,  1787,  fol.  13.  The  Travel 
ler's  Companion  in  a  Tour  through  England  and  Wales, 
Lon.,  1787,  12mo.  Supp.,  1787,  12mo.  New  ed.,  1799, 
12mo.  This  catalogue  was  originally  written  by  Gray  on 
the  blank  leaves  of  Kitchin's  English  Atlas.  14.  Poems, 
Parma.  1793,  4to.  Printed  by  Bodini.  200  copies.  Large 
paper,  100  copies.  15.  Poems,  1800,  8vo.  16.  English  and 
Latin  Poems,  with  Critical  Notes  and  a  Life  of  the  Author, 
Ac.  by  the  Rev.  John  Mitford,  Lon.,  1814,  8vo;  1816,  2 
vols.  4to.  Also  pub.  in  2  vols.  8vo. 

'  From  the  Advertisement,  p.  40,  the  reader  is  informed  of  the 
chief  causes  which  render  this  edition  so  desirable  to  a  genuine 
lover  of  Gray's  high  intellectual  character:,  the  great  importance 
however  which  the  editor  attaches  to  this  volume  is,  that  it  enables 
the  public  for  the  first  time  to  read  the  genuine  and  uncorrupted 
correspondence  of  Gray,  exactly  in  his  own  language  and  printed 
from,  his  own  Manuscripts." — Dibdin's  Lib.  Comp. 

Of  Mitford's  edit.,  and  edits,  with  Mitford's  Life,  there 
have  been  several  issues,  1816,  2  vols.  4to;  also  pub.  in  2 
vols.  8vo;  illustrated  and  edited,  with  introductory  stanzas, 
by  John  Moultrie,  Eton,  1845,  8vo;  2d  ed.,  1847,  8vo;  3d 
ed.,  1851,  8vo;  4th  ed.,  1853,  8vo.  Pickering's  edit.,  1835- 
43,  5  vols.  fp.  8vo.  A  list  of  contents  will  be  found  at  the 
end  of  this  article.  17.  Works,  with  Extracts,  Philological, 
Poetical,  and  Critical,  by  T.  J.  Mathias,  1814,  2  vols.  r.  4to. 
This  edit,  contains  the  Poems,  Letters,  and  the  Memoirs 
by  Wm.  Mason. 

"  A  magnificent  edition  of  Gray's  Works,  which  derives  so  large 
a  share  of  its  value  from  the  taste,  learning,  sagacity,  and  moral 
principles  of  an  editor  peculiarly  qualified  to  do  justice  to  the 
merits  of  such  a  scholar  and  such  a  poet  as  Mr.  Gray." — Dr.  Parr's 
Witt. 

"Of  the  qualifications  which  pointed  out  Mr. Mathias  as  the 
editor  of  the  present  Extracts,  Philological,  Poetical,  and  Critical, 
it  is  impossible  to  think  or  speak  otherwise  than  with  sincere 
respect.  His  spirit  is  congenial  with  that  of  his  author,  his  admi 
ration,  though  he  professes  '  nunquam  vidisse  Virgilium,'  not  in 
ferior  to  that  of  personal  friendship."— Lon.  Quar.  Rev.,  xi.  304- 
318,  q.  v. 

•'  As  a  poet,  the  warmest  of  Mr.  Gray's  admirers  may  safely  trust 
him  with  Fate;  viewing  him  as  an  amiable  and  irreproachable  pri 
vate  character,  we  may  be  contented  to  take  his  portrait  sketched 
by  the  hand  of  friendship  in  Mr.  Mason's  account  of  him;  but.  for 
a  delineation  of  him  with  all  the  mastery  of  talent,  not  only  as  a 
prodigy  of  learning  but  as  that  most  exalted  character,  a  Platonist 
made  perfect  by  Revelation,  the  world  is  indebted  to  Mr.  Mathias." 
Lon.  Month.  Rev.,  Ixxviii.  384-387,  q.  v. 

Dr.  Dibdin  does  not  speak  so  enthusiastically  of  this 
edition : 

"  The  more  recent  edition  of  the  works  of  Gray,  by  Mr.  Mathias, 
in  two  widely-spread  quartos,  (concerning  which  read  the  Quarterly 
Review,  vol.  xi.,  p.  304.)  sunk  with  the  weight  of  lead  upon  the 
market.  Huge  as  is  the  ordinary  size  of  these  tomes — and  little 
calculated  as  were  the  works  of  Gray  for  such  a  ponderous  super 
structure—there  are  yet  LARGE  PAPER  COPIES!  !  at  a  price  which  at 
first  appalled  the  timid,  and  startled  the  rich,  [£12  12s. :  the  copies 
of  '  the  ordinary  size'  were  pub.  at  £7  7s.]  The  prices,  however, 
both  of  the  small  and  large  paper,  are  materially  abated  [in  1824- 
25] ...  and  I  prophesy .  . .  but — '  hence.'  Mdvri  \ax<^v\ — methinks 
I  hear  one  of  the  Syndics  of  the  Cambridge  University  Press  ex 
claim.  Yet,  note  well :  An  edition  of  the  Pursuits  of  Literature  was 
struck  off,  on  paper  of  the  same  size,  in  both  forms;  as  if  Thomas 
James  Mathias  had  been  the  principal  author  of  this  latter  work! 
What  will  be  the  verdict  of  posterity  r'—Lib.  Comp. 

The  "  verdict  of  posterity"  is  no  secret.  18.  Letters,  edited 
by  Rev.  J.  Mitford,  8vo.  19.  Criticisms  on  Gray's  Elegy, 
8vo.  20.  Life  of  Gray,  by  Mason,  24mo.  21.  Poems,  32mo. 
22.  Poems,  with  Memoir  by  Mitford,  24mo.  23.  Poems, 
with  Westall's  Designs,  16mo.  24.  Addit.  Notes  to  the 
Corresp.  of  Gray  and  Mann,  1855,  8vo.  The  edit,  of  Gray's 
Poems  pub.  by  Mr.  H.C.Baird,  Phila.,  1850,  sm.  8vo,  already 
referred  to,  and  that  pub.  by  Messrs.  Little,  Brown  <fe  Co., 
Boston,  1854,  18mo,  deserve  warm  commendation.  We  pro 
mised  to  give  a  list  of  the  contents  of  Pickering's  edit,  of 
Gray's  Works,  edited  by  Mitford,  Lon.,  1835,  '43,  fp.  8vo. 
Vol.  I.  Life  by  Mitford ;  Poems.  II.  Essay  on  the  Poetry 
of  Gray ;  Letters.  III.  Letters.  IV.  Letters :  Journal  of 
Tour  in  Italy.  V.  Mathias's  Letter  on  the  death  of 
Nicholls ;  Reminiscences  of  Gray,  by  Nicholls ;  Correspond 
ence  of  Gray  with  Nicholls ;  Correspondence  of  Brown 
and  Nicholls  relative  to  Gray;  Letters  of  Nicholls;  Notes 
by  Mitford;  Gray's  Notes  on  Walpole's  Lives  of  the 
Painters ;  Extracts  from  a  poem  on  the  letters  of  the  alpha 
bet;  Observations  on  English  Metre,  Pseudo-Rhythm,  Use 
of  Rhyme,  and  on  the  Poems  of  Lydgate. 

Gray,  Walter.    Almanacke,  Lon.,  1587,  8vo. 

Gray,  Walter.     Expedition  to  Scheldt,  1810. 

Gray,  Rev.  Wm.  On  Confirmation,  Lon.,  1848, 12mo. 

Gray,  Wm.    Survey  of  Newcastle,  Ac.,  Lon.,  1649, 4to. 

Gray,  Wm.  Sketch  of  the  Original  English  Prose 
Literature,  Oxf.,  1835,  8vo. 

729 


GRA 

Gray,  Wm.,  and  Dochard.  Voyage  of  Discovery 
in  Africa.  1818-21,  Lon.,  8vo. 

Graydon,  Alexander,  1752-1818,  a  native  of  Bris 
tol,  Pennsylvania,  a  soldier  in  the  Revolutionary  War, 
was  the  author  of  Memoirs  of  a  Life  chiefly  passed  in 
Pennsylvania,  within  the  last  Sixty  Years;  with  Occa 
sional  Remarks  upon  the  General  Occurrences,  Character, 
and  Spirit  of  that  Eventful  Period,  Harrisburg,  1811. 
Reprinted  in  London.  This  vol.  was  repub.  in  Edinburgh, 
1822,  by  John  Gait,  with  a  dedication  to  Richard  Rush, 
Esq.,  American  Minister  at  London.  Mr.  Gait  remarks 
in  his  dedication  that 

"  It  is  remarkable  that  a  production  so  rich  in  the  various  ex 
cellencies  of  style,  description,  and  impartiality,  should  not  have 
been  known  in  this  country,  especially  as  it  is  perhaps  the  best 
personal  narrative  which  has  yet  appeared  relative  to  the  history 
of  that  great  conflict  which  terminated  in  establishing  the  inde 
pendence  of  the  United  States." 

The  London  Quarterly  Review  gives  an  amusing  re 
view  of  this  work,  and,  referring  to  Mr.  Gait's  eulogy, 
remarks : 

"He  now  appears  as  the  editor  and  eulogist  of  these  Memoirs, 
•which — notwithstanding  his  high  and  solemn  praise,  both  of  their 
matter  and  manner — we  venture  to  pronounce  to  be  in  matter 
almost  worthless,  and  in  manner  wholly  contemptible.  .  .  .  We 
scarcely  remember  to  have  met  with  an  emptier  pretender  to 
literature,  or  a  grosser  apostate  in  politics.  .  .  .  We  can  honestly 
assure  Mr.  Gait — without  overrating  his  talents  and  taste  in  the 
least — that  he  is  himself  capable  of  adding  a  thousand  times 
more  lustre  to  the  English  language  than  the  author  of  such  an 
absurd  farrago  as  he  has  here  thought  proper  to  reprint." — xxvi. 
364r-374. 

A  new  ed.  of  this  work,  rearranged,  with  biographical 
and  historical  notes,  and  an  index,  was  pub.  by  Mr.  John 
Stockton  Littell,  of  Germantown,  in  1846,  Phila.,  8vo. 
pp.  504. 

Mr.  Graydon  was  a  contributor  to  the  literary  and  poli 
tical  journals  of  the  day.  A  number  of  his  essays,  very 
popular  at  the  time,  will  be  found  in  the  Phila.  Portfolio, 
under  the  title  of  Notes  of  a  Desultory  Reader.  In  these 

Eapers  he  communicates  to  the  public  his  opinions  respect- 
ag  his  favourite  authors. 

Graydon,  Rev.  George.  Fish;  Trans.  Irish  Acad., 
1794. 

Graydon,  Wm.,  of  Pennsylvania.  1.  Digest  of  the 
Laws  of  the  U.  States,  <fcc.,  Harrisburg,  1803,  8vo;  Lon., 
1803,  8vo ;  Appendix,  Harrisburg,  1813,  8vo.  2.  Justice 
and  Constable's  Assist.,  Phila.,  1820,  8vo.  3.  Forms  of 
Conveyancing,  and  of  Practice  in  the  various  Courts  and 
Public  Offices.  New  ed.,  by  Robert  E.  Wright,  1845,  8vo. 
Fourth  ed. 

"The  previous  editions  have  been  for  the  last  forty  years  the 
ready  and  constant  guide-book  of  the  professional  man  as  well  as 
of  the  citizen,  in  all  cases  in  which  a  safe  and  convenient  Form- 
Book  was  needed ;  and  it  is  only  necessary  to  remark  that  the 
labours  of  Mr.  Wright,  in  bringing  it  down  to  the  present  periodj 
have  been  faithfully  and  judiciously  executed." — FRED.  G 
BRIGHTLY. 

"We  are  glad  to  see  this  favourite  book  in  a  new  and  much 
Improved  edition." — Amer.  Law  Reg.,  Jan.  1853. 

Grayhurst,  Thomas,  supposed  to  be  a  fictitious 
name.  Remarks  rel.  to  the  Trial  of  Lord  Grosvenor, 
Lon.,  1770,  8vo. 

Grayson,  E.     Standish  the  Puritan,  N.  York,  1850, 

12mo.     2.  Overing  ;  or,  the  Heir  of  Wycherly,  1852, 12mo 

Grayson,  P.  W.     Vice  Unmasked,  an  Essay  ;  being 

a  consideration  of  the  Influence  of  Law  upon  the  Moral 

Essence  of  Man,  Ac.,  N.  York,  1830,  8vo. 

Grayson,  Wm.  J.,  b.  1788,  in  Beaufort,  S.  Caro 
lina,  has  been  a  member  of  the  U.  States  Congress,  anc 
held  many  important  public  posts.  1.  Letter  to  Gover 
nor  Seabrook.  This  is  against  disunion  of  the  U.  States 
2.  The  Hireling  and  the  Slave  j  a  didactic  poem,  1854.  In 
this  poem  we  find  a  comparison  drawn  between  the  con 
dition  of  the  negro  slave  and  the  pauper  labourer  oi 
Europe.  Mr.  G.  displays  poetical  powers  of  no  ordinary 
stamp . 

Graystands,  Robert  de.     See  Wharton's  Anglia 
Sacra,  i.  689. 

Greated,  Timothy.    Essay  on  Friendship,  Lon. 
1726,  8vo. 

Greathead,  Henry.     Invention,  Ac.  of  the  Life 
Boat,  Lon.,  1804,  8vo. 

Greatheed,  Bertie,  d.  1804,  an  amateur  artist,  was 
one  of  the  contributors  to  the  Florence  Miscellany  ridi 
culed  by  Wm.  Gifford  (q.  v.)  in  his  Baviad.  Gifford  style 
Greatheed  the  "  deep-mouthed  Theban."  1.  Essay  on  th 
Right  of  Conquest,  Florence,  1783,  4to.  2.  The  Regent 
a  Tragedy,  Lon.,  1788,  8vo. 

Greatheed,  Samuel.    Serms,  1800,  '08,  both  8vo. 

Greatorex,  Thomas,  1758-1831,  a  musical  coin 

730 


GRE 

oser,  contributed  a  paper  on  measuring  mountains  by 
he  barometer,  to  Phil.  Trans.,  pub.   a   composition  on 
salm  Tunes,  <fcc.,  and  left  some  MS.  papers  on  chemistry 
nd  botany.     See  Lon.  Gent.  Mag.,  Sept.  1831. 
Greatrakes,  Valentine,  b.  1628,  a  noted  empiric, 
lib.  Account  of  his  great  and  strange  Cures,  in  a  Letter 
om  himself  to  the  Hon.  Robt.  Boyle,  Esq.,  Lon.,  1666, 
to.     See  Biog.  Brit.,  in  art.  Stubbe ;  Harris's  Ware's  Hist. 
Ireland;  Account,  <fec.,  1666. 

Greaves,  Sir  Edward,  M.D.,  d.  1680,  a  native  of 
urrey,  physician-in-ordinary  to  K.  Charles  II.,  was  a 
rother  of  John  Greaves.  1.  Morbus  Epidemicus  ann. 
643,  Oxf.,  1643,  4to.  2.  Oratio,  Ac.,  Lon.,  1667,  4to. 
Greaves,  John,  1602-1652,  brother  to  the  preceding, 
n  eminent  mathematician  and  antiquary,  a  native  of  Col- 
rnore,  near  Alresford,  in  Hampshire,  educated  at  Balliol 
oil.,  Oxf.,  became  Geometry  Lecturer  in  Gresham  Coll., 
nd  subsequently  Savilian  Prof,  of  Astronomy  at  Oxford. 
[is  best-known  works  are — 1.  Pyramidologia;  or,  a  De- 
eription  of  the  Pyramids  of  Egypt,  Lon.,  1646,  8vo.  In 
Yench,  1663,  fol.;  and  see  Churchill's  Voyages,  ii.  689, 
708.  2.  A  Discourse  on  the  Roman  Fort  and  Denarius, 
on.,  1647,  8vo;  and  see  Churchill's  Voyages,  ii.  737, 
708.  3.  Elementa  Linguae  Persicse,  1649,  4to.  4.  Miscel- 
aneous  Works  :  with  Hist,  and  Grit.  Account  of  his  Life 
nd  Writings,  1737,  2  vols.  8vo. 

"  He  was  a  person  in  great  value,  and  much  respected  by  learned 
men,  particularly  by  Selden,  who,  had  our  author  lived,  would 
ave  left  to  him  part  of  his  wealth."— Athen.  Oxon. 

See  Smith's  Vita  quorundam  erudit.  virorum ;  Athen. 
)xon. ;  Gen.  Diet. ;  Biog.  Brit. ;  Usher's  Life  and  Letters; 
Life  by  Dr.  Birch  ;  Ward's  Gresham  Professors. 

Greaves,  John.  Essays  for  Sabbath  Reading.  New 
d.,  Lon.,  1848,  12mo. 

"  Cannot  easily  be  read  without  profit  at  any  time."— Lon.Wes- 
ley  Method.  Mag. 

Greaves,  Jonathan.     Philosophic  Mouse :  Philos. 
subjects  for  the  young,  Lon.,  1815,  8vo. 
Greaves,  Thomas.     Songs  of  Sundrie  Kindes,  1604. 
Greaves,  Thomas,  D.D.,  d.  1676,  brother  to  John 
Grreaves,  Preb.  of  Peterborough,  and  Rector  of  Benefield. 
..  De  Linguae  Arabicee,  &c.,  Oxf.,  1637,  4to.     2.  Observa- 
.iones   in    Persicam    Pentateuchi  Versionem,  <fcc.      Vide 
Jib.  Polyglot.,  torn.  vi.    Also  trans,  into  Latin  by  Samuel 
Clarke. 

"  He  was  a  man  of  great  learning." — Athen.  Oxon. 
See  references  appended  to  GREAVES,  JOHN. 
Greaves,  Thomas.     Serms.,  Lon.,  1763,  '64. 
Greaves,  Rev.  Thomas  Berkeley.     The  Wilder 
ness;  or,  Prolusions  in  Verse,  1811,  12mo. 

Greaves,  Wm.  Treatise  on  Natural  and  Practical 
Agriculture,  Lon.,  1804,  8vo. 

"Many  remarks  are  sensible  and  correct,  but  added  nothing  to 
he  already-existing  practice." — Donaldson's  Agricult.  Biog. 

Grebner,  Ezek.  Visions  and  Prophecies  concerning 
Scotland,  England,  and  Ireland,  Lon.,  1660,  '61,  12mo. 

Grece,  Charles  F.  1.  Essays  on  Husbandry,  ad 
dressed  to  the  Canadian  Farmers.  2.  Facts,  &c.  resp. 
Canada  and  the  U.  States,  Lon.,  1819,  8vo. 

Evidently  the  production  of  a  plain,  sensible,  practical  man." 
—Lon.  Quar.  Rev. 

But  see  Rich's  Bibl.  Amer.  Nova,  ii.  108. 
Greeley,  Horace,  b.  Feb.  3,  1811,  at  Amherst,  New 
Hampshire,  commenced  life  a*s  a  printer,  and  was  em 
ployed  in  this  capacity  in  several  New  York  establish 
ments.  As  a  journalist  his  name  has  been  connected  with 
The  Constitution,"  "The  New  Yorker,"  "The  Jeffer- 
sonian,"  "The  Log  Cabin,"  and  (commenced  in  1841) 
The  Tribune."  In  1848  he  was  elected  to  the  United 
States  Congress.  For  particulars  of  his  life,  see  The  Life 
of  Horace  Greeley,  by  James  Parton,  N.York,  1855, 12mo. 
"This  book  is  singularly  well  written;  and  its  mingling  of 
private  incidents  with  public  history  is  so  managed  that  its  popu 
larity  will  not  be  transient.  .  .  .  Recommending  the  Life  of  Mr. 
Greeley  to  general  attention,  we  have  to  speak  in  particular  com 
mendation  of  the  admirable  style  in  which  the  author  has  col 
lected  his  materials  and  wrought  them  up.  The  book  did  not 
reveal  to  us  the  power  of  Horace  Greeley.  We  knew  that  before. 
But  we  did  not  know  the  power  in  research,  in  mastery  of  the 
English  language,  and  in  strong  good  sense,  of  Mr.  Parton,  who  is 
its  author."—^.  Amer.  Rev.,  Ixxx.  545-548,  q.  v. 

But  a  critic  in  Blackw.  Mag.  for  March,  1856,  does  not 
appear  to  admire  either  Mr.  Greeley  or  the  labours  of  his 
biographer,  and  declares,  with  respect  to  the  latter,  that 

"  Any  man  would  accept  his  chance  against  a  Kentucky  rifle 
sooner  than  a  biography  at  the  hands  of  Mr.  J.  Parton."— Bio 
graphy  gone  Mad ;  ubi  supra. 

1.  Hints  towards  Reforms,  N.  York,  1851,  12mo.  This 
vol.  consists  of  addresses,  Ac.  2.  Glances  at  Europe 
from  Great  Britain,  France,  Italy,  Switzerland,  <fcc. 
during  the  Summer  of  1851.  Originally  pub.  in  the  Tri- 


GRE 


GRE 


bune.  3.  Art  and  Industry  as  represented  in  the  Exhibi 
tion  of  the  Crystal  Palace,  New  York,  1853-54.  Edited 
by  H.  G.,  1853,  12mo.  Originally  pub.  in  the  Tribune. 
4.  Association  Discussed  by  H.  Greeley  and  H.  J.  Ray 
mond,  1847,  8vo.  5.  History  of  the  Struggle  for  Slavery  Ex 
tension  or  Restriction  in  the  U.S.  from  1787  to  1856,  N.Y., 
1856,  Svo;  several  edits. 

"  With  a  shrewd,  clear  intellect,  an  astonishingly  vigorous  style, 
and  a  heart  easily  wrought  up  to  that  degree  of  passion  necessary 
to  the  production  of  the  best  kind  of  writing,  be  fears  not  the 
quill  of  any  man  living."— Life  of  Horace  Greeley,  in  Modern  Agi 
tators,  by  D.  W.  Bartlett,  N.  York,  1855,  12mo.  q.  v. 

"  His  writings  embrace  every  variety  of  style— classic  beauty, 
exquisite  poetry,  graphic  description,  vapid  commonplace,  the  full 
semblage  of  originality,  the  moon  in  the  mist,  and  the  ignis  fatuus 
light  of  whimsical  nonsense.  .  .  .  His  widely-circulated  journal 
contains  good  specimens  of  acute  wit,  critical  reasoning,  solid 
argument,  brilliant  invective,  profound  philosophy,  beautiful 
poetry,  and  moving  eloquence,  mixed  with  the  opposite  of  these. 
....  He  is  the  great  recording  secretary  of  this  Continent,  em 
ployed  by  the  masses  to  take  notes  and  print  them." — Life  of 
Horace  Greeley,  in  Off-Hand  Takings,  by  G.  W.  Bungay,  N.  York, 
1854,  12mo,  q.  v. 

See  also  Putnam's  Mag.  for  July,  1855. 

Green.     See  also  GREENE. 

Green.  General  Collection  of  Voyages  and  Travels, 
Lon.,  1745,  4  vols.  4to. 

Green.  Examination  of  Godwin's  Political  Justice, 
&c.,  Lon.,  1798,  Svo. 

Green,  Andrew.  1.  Essay  on  the  State  of  the  Jews, 
1800.  2.  Impolicy  of  the  Laws  of  Usury,  1812,  Svo. 

Green,  Ashbel,  V.D.M.,  1762-1848,  a  native  of 
Hanover,  New  Jersey,  served  for,  some  time  in  the  Revo 
lutionary  army,  and  afterwards  taught  school;  graduated 
at  Princeton  College  in  1783 ;  Prof,  of  Mathematics  and 
natural  philosophy  in  the  college,  1785-87 ;  ordained 
in  1787  ;  chaplain  to  Congress,  1782-1800  ;  President  of 
Princeton  College,  1812-22.  For  particulars  respecting 
the  ministerial  and  official  career  of  this  excellent  man, 
the  reader  is  referred  to  the  Life  of  Ashbel  Green,  V.D.M. 
Begun  to  be  written  by  himself  in  his  eighty-second  year, 
and  continued  to  his  eighty-fourth.  Prepared  for  the 
Press,  at  the  Author's  request,  by  Joseph  H.  Jones,  Pastor 
of  the  Sixth  Presbyterian  Church,  Philadelphia.  N. 
York,  1849,  Svo,  pp.  628.  Dr.  Green  pub.  ten  occasional 
Sermons,  1790-1836 ;  six  Addresses,  Reports,  <fcc.,  1793- 
1836;  Hist,  of  Presbyterian  Missions,  1  vol.-;  Lectures  on 
the  Shorter  Catechism,  2  vols.  12mo ;  Discourses  on  the 
College  of  New  Jersey,  together  with  a  History  of  the 
College,  1822  j  a  large  proportion  of  the  contents  of  The 
Christian  Advocate,  12  vols.,  Phila.,  1822-34. 

"  The  character  of  his  mind  is  impressed  on  his  writings.  His 
lectures  on  the  Shorter  Catechism,  the  sermon  on  the  union  of 
science  and  religion,  which  he  prepared  and  published  while  Pre 
sident  of  the  College  of  New  Jersey,  and  the  Christian  Advocate, 
a  religious  periodical,  which  he  for  a  number  of  years  conducted 
•with  so  much  ability  and  usefulness,  will  long  remain  clear  proofs 
that  he  possessed  a  mind  of  high  order." — REV.  J.  J.  JANEWAY,  D.D. 

"  On  the  whole,  I  esteem  him  as  among  the  ripest  scholars,  the 
most  able  divines,  the  most  useful  men,  which  our  country  has 
produced.  His  name  will  be  more  closely  connected  with  the  his 
tory  and  progress  of  the  Presbyterian  Church,  one  hundred  years 
hence,  than  that  of  any  of  his  predecessors.  He  well  deserves  a 
name  and  a  place  among  '  The  Lights  of  the  American  Pulpit.' — 
REV.  N.  MURRAY,  D.D.  See  conclusion  of  this  article. 

"  We  always  read  his  writings  with  approbation  of  the  just 
sentiments  and  the  vigorous  thinking  which  they  indicate;  but 
sometimes  feeling  as  if  the  writer  would  have  attained  a  still 
more  spirited  and  nervous  style  if  he  had  been  less  painfully 
scrupulous  in  weighing  every  sentence  which  he  penned  in  the 
scales  of  the  strictest  historical  verity." — REV.  SAMUEL  MILLER,  D.D. 

"  As  a  writer,  his  style  is  not  unlike  that  of  his  model,  Dr. 
Witherspoon,  remarkably  perspicuous,  showing  a  clear  percep 
tion  of  his  subject ;  it  is  chaste,  wholly  free  from  all  that  is  quaint, 
affected,  foreign  and  barbarous.  The  grand  quality  of  Dr.  Green's 
style  may  be  said  to  have  been  strength ;  by  means  of  which, 
even  when  the  thought  was  familiar,  it  was  carried  to  the  mind 
with  unusual  condensation  and  force.  .  .  .  His  Lectures  on  the 
Shorter  Catechism  are  probably  the  most  useful  and  generally 
popular  of  all  his  instructive  works." — REV.  JOSEPH  H.  JONES, 
D.D. :  Life  of  Dr.  Green,  to  which  we  are  indebted  for  the  preceding 
extracts. 

Green,  B.     Examples  in  Drawing,  1796. 

Green,  Charles.  Astronomical  Observations;  Phil. 
Trans.,  1771. 

Green,  Edward.  1.  The  Spirit  of  the  Bankrupt 
Laws,  4th  ed.,  with  Precedents,  Lon.,  1780,  Svo.  2.  Observa 
tions  on  the  Drama,  1803,  Svo. 

Green,  or  Greene,  Edward  Barnaby,  d.  1788, 
trans.  Anacreon,  Apollonius  Rhodius,  and  portions  of 
Pindar;  paraphrased  Persius ;  pub.  two  odes,  and  Strictures 
relative  to  the  Rowley  Poems,  Critical  Essays,  and  Poeti 
cal  Essays,  1770-84. 

Green,  Frances  Harriet,  formerly  Miss  Whipple, 
a  native  of  Smithfield,  Rhode  Island,  commenced  her  lite 


rary  career  by  poetical  contributions  (1830-35)  to  the 
periodicals  of  the  day.  Her  first  vol.  was  Memoirs  of 
Eleanor  Elbridge,  a  coloured  woman,  of  which  more  than 
30,000  copies  were  sold.  She  has  since  pub.  The  Me 
chanic,  1841 ;  Might  and  Right,  an  account  of  the  Dorr 
Insurrection,  1844;  Nanuntenoo,  a  Legend  of  the  Narra- 
gansetts,  in  six  cantos,  of  which  the  first  three  were  pub. 
in  Phila.  in  1848  ;  Analytical  Class-Book  of  Botany,  1855. 
She  has  also  contributed  largely  to  "Reform  periodicals," 
and  for  some  time  (in  1842)  edited  The  Wampanoag  and 
(in  1848)  The  Young  People's  Journal  of  Science,  Litera 
ture,  and  Art.  See  Griswold's  Female  Poets  of  America. 

Green,  Francis,  of  Boston,  Mass.,  d.  1809,  aged  67, 
pub.  a  dissertation  on  the  art  of  imparting  speech  to  the 
deaf  and  dumb,  (1783 ;)  essays  on  the  same  subject  in  the 
newspapers ;  and  trans,  the  letters  of  the  Abbe  1'Epee. 

Green,  G.  Dissertatio  de  Regno  Magnge  Britanniae, 
Witteb..  1667,  4to. 

Green,  Henry  W.,  LL.D.,  Chief-Justice  of  New  Jer 
sey.  Reports  of  Cases  in  Ct.  of  Chancery  of  N.  Jersey, 
Elizabethtown,  1842-46,  2  vols.  Svo. 

Green,  Horace,  M.D.,  LL.D.,  b.  Dec.  24,  1802,  in 
Rutland  county,  Vermont;  President  of  the  Faculty  and 
Emeritus  Prof,  of  Theory  and  Practice  of  Medicine  in  the 
N.  York  Med.  Coll. ;  Corresp.  Mem.  Lon.  Med.  Society,  &c. 
1.  Treatise  on  Diseases  of  the  Air-Passages,  N.York,  1846, 
Svo.  This  excellent  work  has  reached  the  3d  edit. 

"The  author  has  made  a  most  valuable  addition  to  practical 
medicine.  .  .  .  We  have  adopted  the  mode  of  treatment  recom 
mended  by  him,  and  corroborate  his  statements  as  to  its  great 
value." — Brit.  and.  For.  Med.  Rev.  ^ 

2.  Pathology  and  Treatment  of  the  Croup,  1849,  12mo. 
3.  On  the  Surgical  Treatment  of  the  Polypi  of  the  Larynx, 
and  the  03dema  of  the  Glottis. 

"Dr.  Green  has  won  very  marked  distinction  in  the  profession, 
by  his  bold,  novel,  and  highly-successful  treatment  of  diseases 
of  the  air-tubes,  which  had  very  generally  been  deemed  incurable ; 
and  his  skill  and  experience  in  this  particular  department  of 
surgery  probably  qualifies  him  to  treat  the  subject  with  more 
knowledge  and  confidence  than  any  other  writer  on  this  side  the 
Atlantic." 

4.  In  1856,  Dr.  Green  pub.  a  Report,  with  a  Statistical 
Table,  of  106  Cases  of  Pulmonary  Diseases  treated  by  In 
jections  into  the  Bronchial  Tubes  with  a  Solution  of  Nitrate 
of  Silver. 

"  I  have  only  to  say  that  I  have  confirmed  the  statements  made 
by  Dr.  Horace  Green :  I  have  introduced  the  catheter  publicly  iu 
the  clinical  wards  of  the  Royal  Infirmary,  in  seven  patients.  I  think 
it  important  that  these  facts  should  be  known  to  the  profession,  as 
a  homage  justly  due  to  the  talents  of  a  distinguished  transatlantic 
physician,  and  with  a  view  of  recommending  a  practice  which,  if 
judiciously  employed,  may  form  a  new  era  in  the  treatment  of  pul 
monary  disease." — PROF.  J.  H.  BENNETT  :  Edin.  Med.  Jour. 

5.  Selections  from  the  Favorite  Prescriptions  of  Living 
American  Practitioners,  N.Y.,  1858. 

Dr.  G.  has  contributed  a  number  of  papers  to  the  Lon 
don  Lancet,  the  American  Medical  Monthly,  Silliman'a 
Journal,  and  the  New  York  Journal  of  Medicine. 

Green,  J.  A  Refutation  of  the  Apology  for  Actors, 
Lon.,  1615. 

Green,  J.  Privileges  of  the  Lord  Mayor,  &c.,  1709,  '22. 

Green,  J.  1.  Spelling  Book,  Lon.,  1721,  12mo.  2,  A 
Chart  of  N.  and  S.  America,  &c.,  1753,  fol.  3.  Remarks 
in  support  of  the  above  Chart,  1753,  4to. 

Green,  James.  Golden  Numbers;  rel.  to  Easter, 
Lon.,  1755,  Svo. 

Green,  James,  Lieut.,  R.N.  1.  Critical  Essays, 
Lon.,  1770,  Svo.  2.  Hist.  Essay  on  Govts.,  Edin.,  1793, 
Svo.  3.  British  Constitution. 

Green,  James  S.  Reports  of  Cases  Supreme  Ct.  N. 
Jersey,  1831-36,  Trenton,  1833-38,  3  vols.  Svo. 

Green,  J.  H.,  the  Reformed  Gambler.  1.  Gambling 
Exposed,  Phila.,  12mo.  2.  The  Gambler's  Life.  3.  Secret 
Band  of  Brothers.  4.  The  Reformed  Gambler;  an  Auto 
biography;  new  eds.,  1858. 

Green,  John,  Curate  of  Thurnscoe,  Yorkshire.  1.  Nine 
Discourses,  1711,  Svo.  2.  Serm.,  1711,  Svo.  3.  Grace  and 
Truth,  Ac.,  1752-62,  Svo.  4.  Serm.,  1763,  Svo. 

Green,  John.  1.  Journey  from  Aleppo  to  Damascus 
in  1725,  Lon.,  1736,  Svo.  2.  Collec.  of  Voyages  and  Tra 
vels,  1745-47,  4  vols.  4to.  A  collection  of  great  value,  and 
the  original  of  the  Abbe"  Provost's  Collection.  See  Cens. 
Lit.,  411,412;  2d  ed.,  1815. 

Green,  John.  A  con.  on  nat.  philos.  to  Phil.  Trans., 
1739. 

Green,  John,  D.D.,  1706-1779,  a  native  of  Beverley, 
Yorkshire,  was  a  sizar,  and  became  (in  1730)  a  Fellow,  of 
St.  John's  Coll.,  Camb.;  Regius  Prof,  of  Divinity,  1748; 
Master  of  Bene't  Coll.,  1750;  Dean  of  Lincoln,  1756; 
Bishop  of  Lincoln,  1761;  Canon  Residentiary  of  St.  Paul's, 

731 


ORE 


GRE 


1771.  He  pub.  ten  occasional  serms.,  1749-73  ;  The  Aca 
demic,  1750;  and  was  one  of  the  authors  of  the  Athenian 
Letters,  pub.  by  Philip  Yorke,  Earl  of  Hardwicke :  best 
ed.,  1798,  2  vols.  4to.  See  Chalmers's  Biog.  Diet,  and 
authorities  there  cited. 

Green,  John,  Curate  of  St.  Saviour's,  Southwark. 
1.  Serm.,  Lon.,  1757,  4to.  2.  Nine  Serms.,  1758,  8vo. 
3.  Eight  Serms.,  1758,  8vo.  4.  Serm.,  1759. 
Green,  John.  Serm.,  1764,  4to. 
Green,  John  Richards,  i.  «.,  John  Gifford,  q.  v. 
Green,  Joseph,  1706-1780,  a  native  of  Boston,  Mass., 
graduated  at  Harvard  in  1726,  and  subsequently  became  a 
distiller.  He  was  a  man  of  great  wit,  and  wrote  a  number 
of  satirical  poems,  <tc.,  among  the  best-known  of  which 
are  Entertainment  for  A  Winter's  Evening;  a  burlesque 
on  a  Psalm  of  Mather  Byles ;  The  Land-Bank ;  Account 
of  the  celebration  of  St.  John ;  and  A  Mournful  Lamenta 
tion  for  the  Death  of  Old  Mr.  Tenor.  His  political  pieces 
were  in  favour  of  the  principles  of  freedom.  An  interest 
ing  account  of  Green  will  be  found  in  Duyckincks'  Cyc. 
of  Amer.  Lit. 

Green,  Mrs.  Mary  Anne  JEverett.  1.  Letters  of 
Royal  and  Illust.  Ladies  of  G.  Britain,  now  first  pub.,  with 
Hist.  Notices,  Lon.,  1846,  3  vols.  p.  8vo.  2.  Lives  of  the 
Princesses  of  England,  1849-55,  6  vols.  p.  8vo;  2d  ed.,  1857. 
"  In  closing  this  last  review  of  the  work,  we  cannot  finally  part 
from  Mrs.  Green  without  again  bearing  our  testimony  to  the  care 
ful  research  and  diligent  examination  of  authorities  which  each 
volume  displays.  Along  the  line  of  six  hundred  years  much  inci 
dental  light  has  been  thrown,  not  only  on  English  but  on  Conti 
nental  history ;  and  as  a  valuable  contribution  towards  both  we 
recommend  these  volumes." — Lon.  Athenaeum,  1855,  549-551. 

"  As  a  companion  to  Miss  Strickland's  Memoirs  of  the  English 
Queens,  this  work  may  claim  a  similarly  wide  audience,  and  help 
to  popularize  historical  tastes." — Lon.  Examiner. 

3.  Letters  of  Queen  Henrietta  Maria,  1857,  p.  8vo.  4. 
Calendar  of  State  Papers,  4  vols.,  1858-59.  See  Lon.  Athen., 
1858,  Pt.  1,  457,  Pt.  2,  386 ;  LEMON,  ROBERT.  Mrs.  Green 
has  in  preparation  The  Queens  of  the  House  of  Brunswick. 
Green,  Matthew,  1697-1737,  an  officer  in  the  London 
Custom-House,  was  noted  for  his  wit  and  poetical  abilities. 
1.  The  Grotto,  1732,  privately  printed,  afterwards  inserted 
in  Dodsley's  Collection,  vol.  v.  2.  The  Spleen ;  a  Poem, 
1737,  8vo.  Published  by  Glover,  the  author  of  Leonidas, 
who  had  urged  the  author  to  its  completion  as  it  now 
stands.  It  was  subsequently  pub.  in  Dodsley's  Collection, 
and  also  in  the  2d  ed.  of  Dr.  Johnson's  Poets.  In  1796, 
8vo,  Cadell  and  Davies  pub.  The  Spleen  and  other  Poems, 
with  a  Pref.  Essay  by  Dr.  Aikin.  Green's  Poetical  Works 
were  pub.  in  1854,  by  the  Rev.  R.  A.  Willmot,  in  the  same 
vol.  with  those  of  Gray,  Parnell,  Collins,  and  J.  Warton. 
See  Lon.  Athenaeum,  1854:  1840;  Lon.  Gent.  Mag.,  1849, 
Pt.  2,  468.  Pope  remarks  that  there  is  a  great  deal  of 
originality  in  The  Spleen  ;  and  Gray,  in  his  correspondence 
with  Horace  Walpole,  observes  of  Green's  poems,  then 
pub.  in  Dodsley's  Collection: 

"There  is  a  profusion  of  wit  everywhere;  reading  would  have 
formed  his  judgment  and  harmonized  his  verse,  for  even  his  wood- 
notes  often  break  out  into  strains  of  real  poetry  and  music."  See 
Johnson  and  Chalmers's  Poets,  1810. 

Green,  Ralph.     Porter-Brewer,  &c.,  Lon.,  1765,  fol. 
Green,  Richard,  D.D.    Serm.,  1745,  4to. 
Green,  Richard,  D.D.     Serm.,  1756,  4to. 
Green,  Richard  W.    1.  Gradations  in  Algebra,  Phil., 
12rno.     2.  Key  to  do.,  12mo.     3.  Little  Reckoner,  18mo. 
4.  Arithmetical  Guide,  18mo.         ~> 
Green,  Robert.     See  GREENE. 
Green,  Robert.    Hand-Drill  for  sowing  Peas,  Beans, 
Ac. ;  Nic.  Jour.,  1804. 

Green,  Robert.  On  Under  Draining  Wet  and  Cold 
Lands,  Lon.,  1842,. 8vo. 

"  This  book  has  been  very  little  noticed,  though  written  on  a 
most  important  subject,  as  the  title  comprehends  all  the  lands 
that  require  to  be  drained."— Donakison's  AgricuU.  Biog. 

Green,  Rupert.  The  Secret  Plot;  a  Tragedy,  1777, 
12mo. 

"  Produced  before  he  was  nine  years  old."— Biog.  Dramat. 
Green,  S.    Romances,  history,  <fec.,  1806-12. 
Green,  Samuel.    Serma.,  Lon.,  1786,  8vo. 
Green,  Thomas.  Serms.,  <fec.,  1750,  '54,  '58,  all  12mo. 
Green,  or  Greene,  Thomas,  1658-1738,  a  native 
Of  Norwich;  Fellow  of  Bene't  Coll.,  1680;  Vicar  of  Min 
Bter,  Thanet,  1695;  Master  of  Bene't  Coll.,  1698;  Arch 
deacon  of  Canterbury,  1708 ;  Vicar  of  St.  Martin's-in-the 
Fields,   Westminster,   1716;    Bishop  of   Norwich,  1721 
trans,  to  Ely,  1723.     Serms.  and  theolog.  treatises   1710 
'15,  '16,  '21,  '23,  '24,  '26,  '27,  '34.     His  principal  works  are 
upon  the  Lord's  Supper,  1710  ;  The  Principles  of  Religion 
1726;  and  the  Four  Last  Things,  1734. 
Green,  Thomas.     On  Enthusiasm,  Lon.,  1755,  8vo 


Green,  or  Greene,  Thomas,  D.D.,  Dean  of  Sarum. 
Serm.  on  1  Chron.  xxix.  14,  Lon.,  1767,  8vo. 

Green,  Thomas.  An  Ancient  Urn;  Trans.  Irish 
Acad.,  1787. 

Green,  Thomas,  Jr.,  of  Liverpool.  Miscell.  Poetry, 
Lon.,  1809,  12mo. 

Green,  Thomas,  1769-1825,  a  native  of  Ipswich, 
entered  the  Middle  Temple,  but  devoted  his  time  to  travel 
and  literary  research.  He  pub.  a  work  on  the  theory  of 
Morals,  and  Extracts  from  the  Diary  of  a  Lover  of  Litera- 
ure,  Ipswich,  1810,  4to.  After  Mr.  G.'s  decease,  further 
extracts  from  the  original  MS.  from  which  the  above  work 
was  printed  were  pub.  in  The  Gentleman's  Magazine,  Jan. 
1834,  Ac.  Prefixed  to  the  first  extract  will  be  found  a 
nographical  account  of  the  author.  It  is  to  be  regretted 
;hat  the  whole  of  the  Diary  was  not  given  to  the  world. 

Green,  Valentine.  1.  Polite  Arts  in  France,  Lon., 
1732,  '83,  4to.  2.  Survey  of  Worcester,  Worces.,  1764, 
5vo.  New  ed.,  1796,  2  vols.  4to.  3.  Discovery  of  the 
Body  of  K.  John,  Lon.,  1797,  4to.  4.  Cat.  of  Callot's 
Works,  1804. 

Green,  W.  Abyssus  Mali;  or,  Corruption  of  Man's 
Nature,  1676,  8vo. 

"Very  excellent." — Palmer's  JYonconf.,  vol.  li. 

Green,  W.,  and  Penn,  John.  Moral  and  Religious 
Essays,  Lon.,  1776,  2  vols.  12mo. 

Green,  Win.,  d.  1794,  Fellow  of  Clare  Hall,  Camb.  ; 
Rector  of  Hardingham,  Norfolk.  1.  The  Song  of  Deborah, 
reduced  to  metre;  with  a  new  trans,  and  comment.,  with 
Notes,  Lon.,  1753,  4to.  2.  New  Trans,  of  the  Prayer  of 
Habakkuk,  the  Prayer  of  Moses,  and  the  CXXXIX.  Ps.,with 
a  Comment.,  &c.,  Camb.,  1755,  4to.  3.  New  Trans,  of  the 
Psalms  from  the  Hebrew,  with  Notes,  &c.,  Lon.,  1763,  8vo. 
Many  of  the  Psalms  are  considerably  improved  in  this  version, 
but  as  a  whole,  it  is  inferior  to  the  next  work  of  the  author. 
[Poetical  Parts,  &c.]"—  Orrtws  Bill.  Bib. 

"Some  judicious  alterations  in  the  version,  and  valuable  criti 
cisms  in  the  notes.  .  .  .  The  language  of  the  translation,  though 
correct,  hath  neither  that  force  nor  harmony  which  we  find  in  the 
common  version  of  our  Bibles." — Lon.  Month.  2tev.,  O.  S.,  xxviii.  267. 

4.  Poetical  Parts  of  the  0.  Test.,  trans,  from  the  Hebrew, 
with  Notes,  Camb.,  1781,  4to.  In  German,  by  J.  F.  Roos, 
Gessje,  1784. 

"These  translations  are,  in  general,  very  accurate  and  elegant 
specimens  of  biblical  interpretation.  The  notes  are  not  numerous 
or  extensive,  but  discover  much  good  taste  and  sound  criticism." 
— Orme's  Bill.  Bib.  And  see  the  Lon.  Month.  Rev.,  0.  S.,  Iviii.  1-8. 

Green  also  made  trans,  from  Isaiah,  1776;  Horace,  1777, 
'83;  Virgil,  1783;.  and  Ovid,  1783. 

Green,  Wm.  1.  Views  on  the  Lakes,  1808-09,  atlas 
fol.  2.  78  Studies  from  Nature,  Lon.,  1809,  '18,  fol. ;  60 
do.,  1810, 12mo.  3.  Tourist's  New  Guide,  Kendal,  1819,  2 
vols.  8vo.  The  result  of  eighteen  years'  observations  in 
Ambleside,  Keswick,  Ac. 

"It  has  been  the  business  of  his  life  to  study  nature;  and  to 
that  business  he  brought  great  talents,  intense  perseverance,  and 
passionate  enthusiasm.  ...  In  short,  the  great  outline  of  the 
land  of  the  Lakes  and  Mountains  is  filled  up  with  a  precision,  a 
fulness,  and  an  accuracy,  no  less  wonderful  than  delightful." — 
PROFESSOR  JOHN  WILSON. 

Green,  Wm.  A  Companion  to  the  Countess  of  Hunt 
ingdon's  Hymns,  Lon.,  1809,  8vo. 

Greenaway,  Rev.  Stephen,  1713-1795,  a  clergy 
man  of  the  Ch.  of  Eng.  A  New  Trans,  of  Ecclesiastes,  <fcc., 
in  3  parts,  Lon.,  1787,  8vo. 

"A  London  bookseller,  of  whom  I  purchased  this  book  in  1819, 
assured  me,  that  although  he  was  one  of  the  publishers,  it  was  the 
only  complete  copy  he  had  ever  seen." — Cotton's  edit,  of  the  Bible,  q.v. 

"  The  author  was  no  great  Hebrew  scholar,  and  a  great  adver 
sary  to  conjectural  criticism;  but  the  work  deserves  to  be  con 
sulted,  both  on  Ecclesiastss  and  on  a  considerable  number  of  other 
passages  of  Scripture  on  which  the  writer  offers  remarks.  He 
speaks  respectfully  of  Lowth  and  Kennicott,  but  is  very  much  dis 
pleased  with  Father  Houbigant." — Orme's  Bill.  Bib. 

Greene.     See  also  GREEN. 

Greene,  Albert  G.,  b.  in  Providence,  Rhode  Island, 
Feb.  10,  1802,  was  educated  at  Brown  University,  and  on 
leaving  college  became  a  member  of  the  bar.  Since  1834  he 
has  occupied  a  post  under  the  city  government  of  his  native 
place.  He  has  contributed  a  number  of  poetical  pieces  to 
periodicals,  but  never  published  a  volume.  Among  his 
best-known  compositions  are  The  Baron's  Last  Banquet, 
Oh  !  Think  not  that  the  Bosom's  Light,  and  Old  Grimes. 
Mr.  G.  has  a  valuable  collection  of  American  poetry,  and 
it  is  hoped  that  he  will  give  the  results  of  his  researches 
in  this  department  to  the  public. 

Greene,  Alexander.  The  Politician  Cheated;  a 
Comedy,  Lon.,  1663,  4to. 

"  Whether  it  was  ever  acted  does  not  appear." — Biog.  Dramat. 
Greene,  Asa,  d.  1837,  a  New  England  physician, 
became  a  bookseller  in   New  York,  and  for  some  time 
edited  The  New  York  Evening  Transcript.     1.  The  Life 


GRE 

and  Adventures  of  Dr.  Dodimus  Duckworth,  A.N.Q.;  to 
which  is  added  the  History  of  a  Steam  Doctor,  N.  York, 
1833,  ]2mo.  2.  The  Perils  of  Pearl  Street,  1834,  2  vols. 
12mo.  3.  The  travels  of  Ex-Barber  Fribbleton  in  Ame 
rica,  1835.  4.  A  Yankee  among  the  Nullifiers,  1835. 
5.  A  Glance  at  New  York,  1837.  6.  Debtor's  Prison, 
1837,  18mo.  Mr.  Greene  possessed  great  humour,  and 
descriptive  powers  of  no  ordinary  character. 

Greene,  Bartholomew.  His  Admonition  to  Re 
pentance  and  Amendment  of  Life,  *.  a.,  8vo. 

Greene,  or  Green,  George.  1.  Lower  Normandy, 
1789,  1800,  Ac.,  Lon.,  1802-05,  8vo.  2.  Journey  from 
London  to  St.  Petersburg,  1813,  12mo. 

Greene,  George  Washington,  b.  April  8, 1811,  at 
East  Greenwich,  Kent  county,  Rhode  Island,  is  a  son  of 
N.  R.  Greene,  the  son  of  the  celebrated  General  Nathanael 
Greene  of  the  Revolutionary  Army.  The  subject  of  this 
notice  was  educated  at  Brown  University,  in  which  insti 
tution  he  subsequently  became  Instructor  in  Modern  Lan 
guages.  For  many  years  he  resided  in  Europe,  chiefly  in 
Italy,  and  was  from  1837  to  '45  United  States  Consul  to 
Rome.  Since  1852  he  has  resided  in  the  city  of  New 
York. 

1.  Life  of  General  Greene,  in  Sparks's  Amer.  Biog.,  2d 
Series,  x.  3,  Bost.,  1846.  2.  Primary  Lessons  in  French, 
N.  York,  1849,  18mo.  3.  New  ed.  of  Putz  and  Arnold's 
Ancient  Geography  and  Hist.,  1849,  12mo.  4.  Companion 
to  OllendorfTs  French  Grammar,  1850,  16mo.  5.  Primary 
Lessons  in  Italian,  18mo.  6.  Historical  Studies,  composed 
of  Hist,  and  Grit.  Essays,  chiefly  on  Italian  Subjects,  1850, 
12mo.  7.  Hist,  and  Geography  of  the  Middle  Ages,  1851, 
12mo  ;  with  an  atlas,  8vo. 

"  As  an  introduction  to  the  study  of  the  Middle  Ages,  it  is  all 
that  can  be  desired ;  and  as  a  manual  of  reference  for  advanced 
students  in  history,  and  even  for  those  who  have  traversed  the 
whole  ground  in  detail,  it  cannot  be  otherwise  than  a  most  useful 
book.  For  readers  of  every  class,  the  usefulness  of  the  book  is 
greatly  increased  by  the  felicitous  and  scholar-like  manner  in 
which  it  is  written."— N.  Amer.  Rev.,  Ixxiii.  271-273,  q.  v. 

8.  Addison's  Complete  Works, — the  first  complete  edition 
ever  published, — including  all  of  Bishop  Kurd's  edition, 
with  numerous  pieces  now  first  collected,  and  copious  notes, 
by  Prof.  G.  W.  Greene.  A  new  issue,  in  6  vols.  12mo,  with 
Vignettes,  <fcc.,  New  York,  1854.  See  ADDISON,  JOSEPH. 

Mr.  G.  devoted  several  years  while  in  Europe  to  the  his 
tory  of  Italy ;  but  his  studies  were  interrupted  on  his  return 
home,  and  he  has  never  resumed  it.  He  is  now  engaged 
in  editing  the  papers  of  his  grandfather,  Gen.  Greene,  with 
a  new  and  elaborate  life. 

In  addition  to  the  works  above  enumerated,  he  has  con 
tributed  many  papers  on  historical  and  critical  subjects  to 
The  North  American  Review,  The  Christian  Review,  The 
Knickerbocker  Magazine,  Harper's  Magazine,  and  Put 
nam's  Magazine. 

Greene,  John.     Serms.,  1644,  '47,  both  4to. 
Greene,  John.     Serm.,  1713,  8vo. 
Greene,  John.    Serm.,  &c.,  1723-28,  all  8vo. 
Greene,  John.     Serm.,  1737,  8vo. 
Greene,  John.    Beauty;  a  Poem,  Lon.,  1755,  4to. 
Greene,  John.     Theolog.  and  Med.  Treatises,  Lon., 
1755,  '66,  '72. 

Greene,  Joshua.  Index  to  Cases  in  Admiralty,  <fec., 
Lon.,  1818,  8vo. 

Greene,  Maurice,  d.  1755,  a  composer  of  English 
cathedral  music,  made  collections  with  a  view  to  publica 
tion  of  cathedral  music.  These  were  used  by  Dr.  William 
Boyce  in  the  splendid  work  already  noticed  by  us. 

Greene,  Max.  The  Kansas  Region,  N.  York,  1856. 
Contains  a  large  amount  of  information. 

Greene,  Nathaniel,  b.  at  Boscawen,  New  Hamp 
shire,  May  20,  1797,  has  been  connected  at  different  times 
with  The  New  Hampshire  Patriot,  The  Concord  Gazette, 
The  New  Hampshire  Gazette,  The  Haverhill  Gazette,  The 
Essex  Patriot,  and  The  Boston  Statesman.  In  1829  he 
became  postmaster  of  Boston.  He  has  pub.  a  number 
of  translations  from  the  Italian,  German,  and  French. 
1.  Storia  d'ltalia,  di  G.  Sforzosi,  Italia,  1830.  This  work 
was  trans,  by  Mr.  Greene  for  Harper's  Family  Library. 

"  Some  praise  is  due  to  Sforzosi,  who  has  condensed  into  one 
volume  the  whole  history  of  Italy,  ancient  and  modern.  His 
work  has  been  happily  translated  into  English  by  a  competent 
scholar  in  this  country.  It  however  had  no  higher  aim  than  to 
be  an  elementary  work,  and  is  only  to  be  recommended  in  that 
character."— JV.  Amer.  Rev.,  xlviii.  350. 

2.  Tales  from  the  German.  Trans,  by  N.  Greene,  Bost., 
1837,  2  vols.  12mo. 

"  Mr.  Greene  has  been  favourably  known  by  his  previous  trans 
lation  of  Sforzosi's  Italian  History,  for  Messrs.  Harper's  Edition 
of  the  Family  Library.  We  hope  he  will  find  leisure  to  continue 
his  literary  pursuits,  and  that,  since  he  has  the  power,  he  will  also 


GRE 

have  the  inclination,  to  enrich  his  native  literature  by  transplant- 
ng  such  beautiful  exotics  into  it  as  the  Tales  from  the  German." 
— WM.  H.  PRESCOTT  :  N.  Amer.  Rev.,  xlvi.  156-161,  q.  v. 

Greene,  R.  A.  and  J.  W.  Lumpkin.  The  Georgia 
Justice,  Milledg.,  1835,  8vo. 

"This  work  is  a  mere  compilation  of  the  statutes  of  Georgia- 
relating  to  the  duties  of  Justices  of  the  Peace." 

Greene,  R.  W.  The  King  v.  O'Grady,  Dubl.,  1816, 
'18,  8vo. 

Greene,  Richard.  Artificial  Cheltenham  Water, 
Nichol.  Jour.,  1809. 

Greene,  Robert,  1560P-1592,  an  English  poet  and 
miscellaneous  writer,  noted  alike  for  his  good  advice  and 
bad  example,  was  a  native  of  Ipswich,  and  educated  at 
St.  John's  Coll.,  Camb.  After  leaving  college  he  travelled 
on  the  continent,  and  upon  his  return  home  is  supposed 
to  have  taken  orders  and  received  the  living  of  Tollesbury 
in  Essex,  June  19,  1584.  He  was  a  boon  companion  with 
the  dissipated  wits  of  the  day,  deserted  a  lovely  wife,  lived 
a  profligate  life,  occasionally  chequered  with  partial  re 
pentance,  and  died  of  a  surfeit  of  pickled  herrings  and 
Rhenish  wine.  In  his  Groat's  Worth  of  Wit  bought  with 
a  Million  of  Repentance,  written  not  long  before  his  death, 
and  other  pieces  of  a  similar  character,  he  laments  his 
profligate  career  and  exhorts  his  former  companions  to 
forsake  their  evil  ways.  His  works,  which  consist  of 
plays,  poems,  fictions,  and  tracts  upon  the  manners  of  the 
day,  are  very  numerous.  Mr.  Haslewood,  in  the  Censura 
Literaria,  x.  288-300,  gives  a  list  of  forty-five,  to  which 
he  adds  five  which  have  been  ascribed  to  him ;  and  Mr. 
Octavius  Gilchrist  increases  the  catalogue  (Cens.  Lit,  x. 
380)  by  the  names  of  three  more.  Further  information 
respecting  his  works  will  be  found  in  the  authorities  cited 
below.  The  following  is  a  list  of  the  contents  of  the  edit, 
of  Greene's  Works  pub.  in  1831,  2  vols.  cr.  8vo,  by  the 
Rev.  A.  Dyce: 

Vol.  I.  Account  of  Greene  and  his  Writings ;  Orlando 
Furioso;  A  Looking-Glass  for  London  and  England; 
Friar  Bacon  and  Friar  Bungay ;  Specimen  of  the  famous 
Historic  of  Fryer  Bacon.  II.  Alphonsus,  King  of  Arra- 
gon;  James  the  Fourth;  George-a-Greene,  the  Pinner  of 
Wakefield;  History  of  George-a-Greene;  Ballad  of  the 
Jolly  Pinder  of  Wakefield,  with  Robin  Hood,  Scarlet,  and 
John;  Poems;  Addenda,  and  Index  to  the  Notes. 

Of  the  manner  in  which  Mr.  Dyce  has  discharged  his 
editorial  duties  we  have  already  had  occasion  to  speak : 
see  DYCE,  REV.  ALEXANDER.  As  an  author,  Greene's 
merits  are  undoubtedly  considerable;  and  it  is  greatly  to 
be  regretted  that  he  was  not  always  in  the  moral  vein 
which  presents  so  striking  a  contrast  to  his  loose  habits. 
Wood  does  not  speak  of  his  productions  with  much  respect : 

"  He  was  a  pastoral  sonnet-maker,  and  author  of  several  thiugs 
which  were  pleasing  to  men  and  women  of  his  time.  They  made 
much  sport,  and  were  valued  among  scholars;  but  since,  they 
have  been  mostly  sold  on  ballad-mongers'  stalls." — Fasti  Oxon. 

We  quote  some  more  recent  opinions : 

"Those  I  have  perused  display  a  rich  and  glowing  fancy,  much 
originality  and  universal  command  of  language,  combined  with 
an  extensive  knowledge  of  the  world.  His  crowded  similes  are  in 
unisou  with  those  of  the  period  when  he  wrote,  and  prove  him  a 
disciple  of  the  then  fashionable  Euphean  sect;  they  are  in  general 
well  selected,  appositely  applied,  and  quaintly  amuse  while  his 
moral  instructs.  He  possessed  considerable,  if  not  first-rate,  abili 
ties,  and  it  is  inconsistent  to  measure  either  poetry  or  prose  by  any 
standard  of  criticism  erected  two  centuries  after  the  decease  of  the 
author." — HASLEWOOD  :  Censura  Literaria,  ii.  288-300,  q.  v. 

"  He  had  great  vivacity  of  intellect,  a  very  inventive  imagination, 
extensive  reading,  and  his  works  abound  with  frequent  and  success 
ful  allusions  to  the  Classics.  It  is  surprising  to  see  how  polished 
and  how  finished  some  of  his  pieces  are  when  it  is  considered  that 
he  wrote  most  of  them  to  supply  his  immediate  necessities,  and  in 
quick  succession  one  to  another." — BELOE:  Anec.  of  Lib.  and  Scarce 
Books. 

"  It  must  be  confessed  that  many  of  the  prose  tracts  of  Greene 
are  licentious  and  indecent ;  but  there  are  many  also  whose  object 
is  useful  and  whose  moral  is  pure.  They  are  written  with  great 
vivacity,  several  are  remarkable  for  the  most  poignant  raillery,  all 
exhibit  a  glowing  warmth  of  imagination,  and  many  are  inter 
spersed  with  beautiful  and  highly-polished  specimens  of  his 
poetical  powers.  On  those  which  are  employed  in  exposing  the 
machinations  of  his  infamous  associates,  he  seems  to  place  a  high 
value,  justly  considering  their  detection  as  an  essential  service 
due  to  his  country ;  and  he  fervently  thanks  his  God  for  enabling 
him  so  successfully  to  lay  open  the  'most  horrible  Coosenages  of 
the  common  Cony-Catchers,  Cooseners,  and  Crosse-Biters,'  names 
which  in  those  days  designated  the  perpetrators  of  every  species 

of  deception  and  knavery Though  most  of  the  productions  of 

Greene  were  written  to  supply  the  wants  of  the  passing  hour,  yet 
the  poetical  effusions  scattered  through  his  works  betray  few  marks 
of  haste  or  slovenliness,  and  many  of  them,  indeed,  may  be  classed 
among  the  most  polished  and  elegant  of  their  day.  To  much 
warmth  and  fertility  of  fancy  they  add  a  noble  strain  of  feeling 
and  enthusiasm,  together  with  many  exquisite  touches  of  the  pa 
thetic,  and  so  many  impressive  lessons  of  morality,  as,  in  a  great 
measure,  to  atone  for  the  licentiousness  of  several  of  his  prose 
tracts."— Da.  DRAKE:  Shakspeare  and  his  Times,  I  494,  627. 


ORE 


GRE 


"  As  a  writer  of  novels  and  pamphlets,  he  is  full  of  affectation, 
but  generally  elegant,  and  sometimes  eloquent :  it  is  a  misfortune 
•which  runs  through  bis  works,  that  he  often  imitated  the  popular 
but  puerile  allusions  of  Lily.  His  invention  is  poor  from  the  want 
of  a  vigorous  imagination,  but  his  fancy  is  generally  lively  and 
graceful.  In  facility  of  expression,  and  in  the  flow  of  his  blank 
verse,  he  is  not  to  be  placed  below  his  contemporary  Peele.  His 
usual  fault  (more  discoverable  in  his  plays  than  in  his  poems)  is 
an  absence  of  simplicity ;  but  his  pedantic  classical  references,  fre 
quently  without  either  taste  or  discretion,  he  had  in  common  with 
the  other  scribbling  scholars  of  the  time.  It  was  Shakspeare's 
good  fortune  to  be  in  a  great  degree  without  the  knowledge,  and 
therefore,  if  on  no  other  account,  without  the  defect."— J.  PAYNE 
COLLIER:  Hist,  of  Eng.  Dram.  Poet.,  iii.  153-154. 

"  Professor  Tieck.  in  the  Preface  to  his  Shakspeare's  Vorschule, 
says  that  Greene  had  'a  happy  talent,  a  clear  spirit,  and  a  lively 
imagination,'  which,  he  adds, '  characterize  all  his  writings.'  I  can 
by  no  means  concur  in  this  praise  to  its  full  extent,"  <fcc. — Ibid.,  iii. 

"Greene  succeeds  pretty  well  in  that  florid  and  gay  style,  a  little 
redundant  in  images,  which  Shakspeare  frequently  gives  to  his 
princes  and  courtiers,  and  which  renders  some  unimpassioned 
scenes  in  his  historic  plays  effective  and  brilliant.  There  is  great 
talent  shown,  though  upon  a  very  strange  canvas,  in,  Greene's 
Looking-Glass  for  London  and  England." — HALLAM:  Lit.  Hist,  of 
Europe,  ii.  173. 

Mr.  Hallam  speaks  of  Greene's  novels  as  "  deplorable 
specimens,"  and  cites  the  Dorastus  and  Fawnia  as  an  ex 
ample  of 

"  Quaint,  affected,  and  empty  Euphuism." — Ibid.,  ii.  218. 

"Greene's  style  is  in  truth  most  whimsical  and  grotesque.  He 
lived  before  there  was  a  good  model  of  familiar  prose ;  and  his  wit, 
like  a  stream  that  is  too  weak  to  force  a  channel  for  itself,  is  lost  in 
rhapsody  and  diff useuess." — THOMAS  "CAMPBELL  :  Lives  of  the  Eng. 
Pods. 

But  this  was  not  the  judgment  of  his  contemporaries. 

"  She  does  observe  as  pure  a  phrase,  and  use  as  choice  figures  in 
her  ordinary  conversation,  as  any  be  i'  th'  Arcadia. 

"  Carlo.- ^Or  rather  in  Greene's  works,  where  she  may  steal  with 
more  security." 

And  Oldys  does  not  hesitate  to  style  Greene 

"One  of  the  greatest  pamphleteers  and  refiners  of  our  language 
in  his  time." 

"  He  was  obliged  to  have  recourse  to  his  pen  for  a  maintenance; 
and  indeed  we  think  he  is  the  first  English  poet  that  we  have  on 
record  as  writing  for  bread." — Biog.  Dramat. 

But  this  is  a  position  which  cannot  be  demonstrated, 
though  it  has  frequently  been  adopted  as  true  by  those  who 
blindly  follow  authorities.  In  addition  to  the  many  au 
thorities  cited  above,  we  also  refer  the  reader  to  Winstan- 
ley's  Eng.  Poets ;  Langbaine's  Dram.  Poets ;  Whalley's  ed. 
of  Ben  Jonson;  British  Bibliographer;  Restituta;  Collier's 
Poet.  Decam.j  Ritson's  Bibl.  Poet;  Berkenhout's  Biog. 
Lit. ;  Gibber's  Lives  of  the  Poets;  Dodsley's  Collec.  of  Old 
Plays,  edited  by  Collier;  Warton's  Hist,  of  Eng.  Poet.; 
Retrosp.  Rev. ;  Watt's  BibL  Brit. ;  Dibdin's  Lib.  Comp. ; 
Lowndes's  Bibl.  Man. ;  Dunlap's  Hist,  of  Fiction.  A  spe 
cimen  of  Greene's  poetical  powers  will  be  no  unwelcome 
conclusion  to  this  long  article  : 

"  Sweete  are  the  thoughts  that  savour  of  content, 
The  quiet  mind  is  richer  than  a  crowne: 
Sweete  are  the  nights  in  carelesse  slumber  spent, 
The  poore  estate  scornes  fortune's  angry  frown e: 
Such  sweete  content,  such  mindes,  such  sleepe,  such  bliss, 
Beggers  injoy,  when  Princes  oft  doe  miss." 

From  Greene's  Farewell  to  Follie  sent  to  Courtiers  and  Scholers,  as 
a  president  to  warne  them  from  the  vaine  delights  that  drawe  Youth 
on  to  repentance,  1617,  4to. 

Greene,  Robert,  D.D.  Works  on  divinity  and 
natural  philos.,  1711,  '12,  '27. 

Greene,  Robert  Berkeley.  Geneal.  of  Christ,  as 
given  by  Matt,  and  Luke,  Lon.,  1822,  8vo. 

"  This  Table  is  ingeniously  constructed ;  the  notes  exhibit,  in  a 
email  compass,  the  result  of  much  laborious  research." — Home's 
Bibl.  Bib. 

Greene,  Samuel  S.,  Prof,  in  the  Normal  Department 
Brown  University,  and  Supt.  of  Public  Schools,  Provi 
dence.  1.  Analysis  of  Eng.  Gram.,  Phila.  2.  Elements 
of  do.  3.  First  Lessons  in  do. 

Greene,  Thomas.     See  GREEPE,  THOMAS. 

Greene,  Thomas.  A  Poet's  Vision  and  a  Prince's 
Glorie,  Lon.,  1603,  4to.  A  poem  dedicated  to  K.  James. 
See  Brydges's  Restituta,  iv.  1-5.  Bibl.  Anglo-Poet.,  £10 
10«.  Nassau,  Pt.  1,  1737,  £16  5«.  6d.  Greene  was  an 
eminent  comedian,  and  is  supposed  by  Malone  to  have 
been  a  relation  of  Shakspeare's  and  the  medium  of  his 
introduction  to  the  theatre.  He  is  the  hero  of  Greene's 
Tu  Quoque :  see  COOK,  or  COOKE,  JOHN. 

"As  for  Maister  Greene,  all  that  I  will  speak  of  him  (and  that 
without  flattery)  is  this :  -if  I  were  worthy  to  censure,  there  was  not 
an  actor  of  his  nature,  in  his  time,  of  better  ability  in  performance 
of  what  he  undertook,  more  applauded  by  the  audience,  of  greater 
grace  at  the  court,  or  of  more  general  love  in  the  city." — THOMAS 
HEYWOOD,  editor  of  Cook's  Tu  Quoque. 

Greene,  Thomas.     Poems,  Lon.,  1780,  12mo. 

Greene,  Wm.     The  Sound  of  a  Voice  uttered  forth 
from  the  Mountaine  of  the  Lord  of  Hosts,  Lon.,  1663,  4to. 
734 


Greene,  Wm.  Annals  of  George  III.,  from  his  Ac 
cession  to  the  Victory  of  Trafalgar,  1807,  2  vols.  12mo. 

Greene,  Wm.  B.,  of  Massachusetts.  1.  The  Doctrine 
of  Life.  2.  A  Hypothetical  Biography,  &c. 

Greenfield,  Nath.     Serm.,  1615,  '60,  8vo. 

Greenfield,  Thomas.  Epistles  and  Miscell.  Poems, 
Lon.,  1815,  8vo. 

Greenfield,  Wm.    Algebra;  Trans.  Soc.,  Edin.,  1788. 

Greenfield,  Wm.  1.  Comprehensive  Bible,  <fcc.,  Lon., 
1827,  cr.  4to,  demy  4to,  r.  4to,  and  imp.  4to. 

"  It  has  deservedly  received  a  large  measure  of  public  approba 
tion." — Lowndes's  Brit.  Lib.,  q.  v. 

2.  Novum  Testamentum,  Ac.,  1829,  48mo. 

"The  work  does  the  highest  honour  to  the  editor's  fidelity, 
competent  learning,  and  sound  judgment." — Lon.  Eclectic  Rev.. 
Feb.  1832,  vii.  160.  See  also  Home's  Bib.  Bib.,  29. 

3.  Polymicrian   Lexicon  to  the  N.  Test.,  1829,   48mo. 
This  is  a  companion  to  No.  2.      4.  Book  of  Genesis,  in 
English,  Hebrew,  <fcc.,  2d  ed. 

"  It  should  be  in  the  hands  of  all  self-taught  students." — REV. 
R.  W.  JELF  :  Suggestions  respecting  the  Neglect  of  the  Hebrew  Lan 
guage  as  a  Qualification  for  Holy  Orders. 

5.  Book  of  the  New  Covenant,  trans,  from  the  Greek 
into  Hebrew,  1831,  fp.  8vo,  and  32mo. 

"  Greenfield's  philological  labours  are  extraordinary ;  his  transla 
tion  displays  profound  scholarship." — Lowndes's  Brit.  Lib. 

A  memoir  of  this  profound  scholar  and  excellent  man 
will  be  found  in  the  London  Imperial  Mag.  for  Jan.  and 
Feb.  1834. 

Greenham,  Richard,  1531-1591,  a  Puritan  divine, 
Fellow  of  Pembroke  Hall,  Camb.,  Rector  of  Dry-Drayton. 
1.  Comfort,  <fcc.,  with  two  Letters,  Lon.,  1595,  24mo.  2. 
Two  Serms.,  1595,  8vo.  3.  Afflicted  Conscience,  and  two 
Serms.,  1598.  4.  Collected  Works,  by  Henry  Holland, 
1599,  4to;  2d  ed.,  same  year;  1601,  fol.j  with  addits., 
1605,  '12,  '81,  fol. 

"  Christian  Reader!  thou  hast  here  all  Maister  Greenham's 
Works,  as  they  have  been  heretofore  gathered  and  published  by 
the  industrie  of  that  worthy  and  painefull  Preacher,  Maister 
Henry  Holland." 

"  Greenham  on  Psalm  cxix.,  in  his  works,  is  admirable,  for  the 
time  in  which  it  was  written,  both  for  method  and  style;  and, 
like  all  the  productions  of  this  author,  is  full  of  spiritual  unction." 
— Dr.  E.  Williams's  C.  P. 

"  Greenham  excelled  in  experimental  divinity,  and  knew  how 
to  stay  a  weak  conscience — how  to  raise  a  fallen — how  to  strike  a 
remorseless  one." — BISHOP  HALL. 

"  ON  MR.  GREENHAM'S  BOOK  OF  THE  SABBATH. 
*'  While  Greenham  writeth  on  the  Sabbath's  rest, 
His  Soul  enjoys  not  what  his  pen  exprest: 
His  work  enjoys  not  what  itself  doth  say, 
For  it  shall  never  find  one  resting  day. 
A  thousand  hands  shall  toss  each  page  and  line, 
Which  shall  be  scanned  by  a  thousand  eyne. 
This  Sabbath's  rest,  or  that  Sabbath's  unrest, 
'Tis  hard  to  say  which  is  the  happiest."— BISHOP  HALL. 

See  Clarke's  Lives,  at  the  end  of  his  Martyrology; 
Brook's  Lives  of  the  Puritans. 

Greenhill,  Joseph.  1.  The  Prophecies,  Lon.,  1755, 
8vo.  2.  Occas.  Serms.,  1755,  '56,  '57,  '68,  71,  '73,  '74. 
3.  Occas.  Letters,  1780,  8vo. 

Greenhill,  Thomas.  1.  The  Art  of  Embalming, 
Ac.,  Lon.,  1705,  4to.  2.  Med.  con.  to  Phil.  Trans.,  1700, 
'05.  Greenhill  was  one  of  thirty-nine  children  by  one 
father  and  mother. 

Greenhill,  Wm.,  d.  1677?  one  of  the  Westminster 
Assembly  of  Divines;  Rector  of  Stepney,  1656;  ejected 
at  the  Restoration.  1.  Serm.,  Lon.,  1643,  4to.  2.  Expos, 
of  Ezekiel,  1645-62,  5  vols.  4to.  First  ed.  seldom  found 
complete.  A  second  ed.  of  vol.  i.  appeared  in  1649.  New 
ed.,  revised  and  corrected  by  James  Sherman,  1837,  imp. 
8vo. 

"  Like  all  the  productions  of  the  Puritans,  it  is  evangelical,  and 
stored  with  the  knowledge  of  the  Scriptures ;  but,  like  the  most 
of  them,  it  is  distinguished  by  its  sound  doctrinal  and  practical 
views,  rather  than  by  the  elegance  of  the  composition  or  the 
critical  acumen  of  the  reasonings  and  illustrations." — Orme's  Bibl. 
Bib. 

"  Very  full  of  doctrine  and  use."— Bickersteth' s  C.  S. 

"The  London  reprint  is  very  neatly  executed."— Home's  Bibl. 
Bib. 

3.  Several  Serms.,  1671,  8vo.    4.  Serm.,  1677,  4to. 

Greenhow,  Robert,  M.D.,  1800-1854,  a  native  of 
Richmond,  Virginia,  was  for  some  time  translator  to  the 
Department  of  State  at  Washington,  D.  C.,  and  subse 
quently  Associate  Law  Agent  to  the  United  States  Com 
mission  for  the  determination  of  California  claims,  sitting 
at  San  Francisco.  1.  Memoir  on  the  Northwest  Coast  of 
North  America,  N.  York,  1840,  8vo.  2.  Hist,  of  Oregon 
and  California,  1846,  8vo.  This  is  an  enlarged  ed.  of 
No.  1.  It  is  a  work  of  high  authority. 

Greening,  Henry.  1.  Forms  of  Declarations,  &c., 
Lon.,  1837,  12mo;  2d  ed.,  1853,  12mo :  see  1  Jurist,  545  j 


GRE 

14  Leg.  Obs.,  219.  2.  Selections  of  Leading  Statutes,  1842- 
45,  8vo:  see  6  Jurist,  51.  3.  Common  Law  Rules  of 
Hilary  Term,  1853,  12mo. 

Greenlaw,  A.     Serm.,  Lon.,  1794,  4to. 

Greenleaf,  Benjamin,  b.  1786,  at  Haverhill,  Mass.; 
grad.  Dartmouth  Coll.,  1813.  The  National,  The  Introduc 
tion  or  Common  School,  and  Mental,  Arithmetics,  Boston, 
1840.  Algebra,  1852.  Practical  Surveying. 

Greenleaf,  F.  Abridgt  of  Burn's  Justice,,  Bost.,  1773. 

Greenleaf,  Rev.  Jona.  Sketches  of  Eccles.  Hist, 
of  Maine,  1821,  12mo. 

Greenleaf,  Moses,  d.  1834,  aged  55,  at  Williams- 
burg,  Maine.  1.  A  Statistical  View  of  the  District  of 
Maine,  Bost.,  1816,  8vo.  Reviewed  by  B.  Rand  in  N. 
Amer.  Rev.,  iii.  362-425.  2.  A  Survey  of  the  State  of 
Maine,  Portland,  1829,  Svo,  and  Atlas. 

Greenleaf,  Simon,  LL.D.,  1783-1853,  a  native  of 
Newburyport,  Mass.,  was  the  son  of  a  captain  in  the 
Revolutionary  Army,  and  a  connection  on  the  mother's 
side  of  the  family  of  the  late  Chief-Justice  Parsons ;  com 
menced  the  practice  of  the  law  in  Standish,  Maine,  1806, 
and  in  the  same  year  removed  to  Gray,  where  he  remained 
for  twelve  years ;  removed  to  Portland,  1818 ;  appointed 
Reporter  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  Maine,  1820-32 ;  suc 
ceeded  Prof.  Ashmun  as  Royall  Prof,  of  Law  in  the  Dane 
Law  School,  1833 ;  transferred  to  the  Dane  Professorship, 
vacant  by  the  death  of  Judge  Story,  1846;  resigned  this 
post  in  consequence  of  failing  health,  1848.  Mr.  Green- 
leaf  left  a  widow,  to  whom  he  was  married  in  1806,  and 
two  sons  and  two  daughters,  the  only  remaining  mem 
bers  of  a  large  family  of  children.  Professor  Greenleaf's 
principal  works  are — 1.  A  Full  Collection  of  Cases,  Over 
ruled,  Denied,  Doubted,  or  Limited  in  their  application, 
taken  from  American  and  English  Reports,  Portland, 
1821 ;  3d  ed.,  by  E.  Hammond,  N.  York,  1840.  Mr.  Green- 
leaf  was  induced  to  prepare  this  work  in  consequence  of 
having  relied  upon  a' decision  which  was  proved  to  have 
been  overruled. 

"Mr.  Greenleaf  will  have  rendered  to  his  profession  a  most 
eminent  service  if,  by  presenting  so  many  examples  of  corrected 
error,  he  shall  induce  his  brethren  to  examine  decisions  without 
fear,  and  the  courts  to  revise  them  without  reluctance." — T.  MET- 
CALF  :  N.  Amer.  Rev.,  xv.  65-72,  q.  v. :  also  vol.  xxii.  30. 

"  I  am  glad  to  hear  that  your  Overruled  Cases  are  printed.  I 
•want  to  get  a  copy,  and  interleave  it,  so  as  to  provide  gradually 
for  a  new  edition.  ...  I  send  you  an  additional  list  of  late  over 
ruled  cases,  which  you  can  use  when  you  have  occasion.  I  mean 
to  enlarge  it  from  time  to  time,  as  I  read  and  write."— JUDGE 
STORY,  Dec.  11,  1821 :  Story's  Life  and  Letters,  i.  404. 

"  The  second  edition  purported  to  be  by  Professor  Greenleaf, 
but  he  had  nothing  to  do  with  either  the  second  or  third ;  and  all 
additions,  since  the  first,  are  by  other  hands." — Marvin's  Leg. 
Bibl.,  348. 

See  also  Bentham's  Legislation,  by  Neal,  61;  MS.  note 
in  Overruled  Cases  in  Dane  Law  Library. 

2.  Reports  of  Cases  in  the  Supreme  Ct.  of  Maine,  1820- 
31.     Hallowell  and  Portland,  1822-35,  9  vols.  8vo.     New 
ed.,  with  Notes  and  References  to  later  Decisions,  by  E. 
H.  Bennett,  Bost.,  1852,  9  vols.  in  8,  Svo.     The  Digest  of 
1st  ed.  was  pub.  in  9th  vol.,  and  also  separately,  Portland, 
1835,  Svo. 

"  You  must  not  feel  too  anxious  about  your  Reports.  A  young 
author  is  apt  to  be  unduly  sensitive  as  to  the  fate  of  his  produc 
tions.  I  have  no  doubt  as  to  the  success  of  yours;  and  I  am  sure 
that  the  profession  will  join  heartily  in  your  favour." — JUDGE 
STORY,  Dec.  11, 1821 :  Story's  Life  and  Letters,  i.  404. 

"  Mr.  Greenleaf  is  of  the  order  of  compendious  reporters.  He  is 
lucid  and  direct  in  his  statement  of  cases;  his  arguments  of 
course  are  arranged  with  logical  exactness  and  a  well-conceived 
brevity,  which  give  us  their  outline  well,  and  yet  without  any 
sinuosities.  He  is  happy  in  his  discrimination  of  the  onus  of  the 
reasoning  and  his  consequent  exposition  of  it.  Mr.  Greenleaf  is 
always  concise,  while  throughout  he  never  fails  to  be  just;  and 
this  is  no  small  praise,  when  the  longest  or  most  important  case 
in  the  volume  will  be  found  to  allow  not  above  two  pages  to  the 
argument  of  counsel." — N.  Amer.  Rev.,  xxii.  27-34 ;  notice  of  vol. 
ii.  See  4  Amer.  Jur.,  133 ;  xiv.  238 ;  2  U.  S.  Lit.  Gaz.,  463 ;  1  U.  S. 
Rev.  and  Lit.  Gaz.,  150. 

3.  A  Treatise  on  the  Law  of  Evidence,  vol.  i.,  1842, 
ii.,  1846,  iii.,  1853.      Vol.  i.  has  reached    the  7th  ed.; 
vol.  ii.  the  4th  ed. ;    vol.  iii.  the  2d  ed.     Before  the  ap 
pearance  of  this  work,  the  American  Bar  was  dependent 
upon  the  manuals  of  Starkie  and  Phillips.      Mr.  Green- 
leafs  treatise  took  at  once,  and  has  ever  since  maintained, 
the  highest  rank. 

"  I  am  glad  to  hear  that  you  are  going  on  with  your  work  on 
Evidence,  which  I  shall  look  to  with  deep  interest  as  a  noble  con 
tribution  to  the  common  stock  of  the  school." — JUDGE  STORY. 
Feb.  6, 1840 :  Story's  Life  and  Letters,  ii.  328. 

"It  is  no  mean  honour  to  America  that  her  schools  of  juris 
prudence  have  produced  two  of  the  first  writers  and  bestresteemed 
legal  authorities  of  this  century ;  the  great  and  good  man  [Judge 
Story]  who  has  just  been  taken  from  us,  and  his  worthy  and 


GRE 

eminent  associate,  Professor  Greenleaf.  Upon  the  existing  Law 
of  Contracts,  and  the  Law  of  Evidence,  more  light  has  shone 
from  the  New  "World  than  from  all  the  lawyers  who  adorn  the 
courts  of  Europe." — Lon.  Law  Mag. 

And  see  Warren's  Law  Stu.,  2d  ed.,  755,  756  j  27  Amer. 
Jur.,  237,  379  j  5  Law  Rev.,  49;  vi.  521 ;  ix.  90;  1  Pa. 
L.  J.,  158 ;  Duer  on  Insur.,  170,  n. ;  Joy  on  Confessions, 
App.  B. 

4.  Examination  of  the  Testimony  of  the  Four  Evangel- 
sts,  by  the  Rules  of  Evidence  administered  in  Courts  of 
Justice.  With  an  Account  of  the  Trial  of  Jesus,  Ac., 
1846,  8vo ;  Lon.,  1847,  8vo. 

"Our  grateful  acknowledgments  are  respectfully  tendered  to 
Professor  Greenleaf  for  these  his  labours.  We  the  more  value 
them  because  they  regard  matters  of  fact,  which  they  treat  of 
naturally  and  appositely,  just  as  such  topics  ought  to  be  handled." 
— Christian  Reformer. 

"The  work  is  inscribed  to  the  members  of  the  legal  profession ; 
but  it  will  be  found  equally  interesting  to  clergymen,  and  to  all 
others  who  may  be  disposed  to  examine  the  subject."— Advert. 

"He  [Judge  Story]  had  studied  the  evidences  of  Christianity 
with  professional  closeness  and  care,  and  had  given  to  them  the 
testimony  of  his  full  assent ;  and  he  has  often  been  heard  to  de 
clare,  that,  in  his  judgment,  the  great  facts  of  the  gospel  history  were 
attested  by  a  mass  of  evidence  which,  in  any  court  of  law,  would  be 
perfectly  satisfactory  and  conclusive." — Prof.  Greenleaf ''s  Discourse 
commemorative  of  the  Life  and  Character  of  the  Hon.  Joseph  Story, 
LL.D. 

5.  Cruise's  Digest,  <tc. :  see  CRUISE,  WM.  We  also 
notice — 6.  A  Discourse  pronounced  at  the  Inauguration 
of  the  author  as  Royall  Professor  of  Law  in  Harvard 
Univ.,  Aug.  26,  1834,  Bost.,  1834,  8vo.  7.  A  Discourse 
commemorative  of  the  Life  and  Character  of  the  Hon. 
Joseph  Story,  LL.D.,  <fcc.,  1845,  8vo.  This  is  an  eloquent 
tribute  to  the  merits  of  a  truly  great  man,  between  whom 
and  his  eulogist  there  existed  ties  of  the  closest  intimacy 
and  of  the  most  endearing  character.  Associated  intimately 
for  thirteen  years  in  the  Dane  Law  School,  the  friendship 
and  attachment  with  which  they  had  entered  upon  the 
joint  discharge  of  their  duties  invigorated  and  enlivened 
their  arduous  efforts  for  the  benefit  of  the  institution 
whose  prosperity  they  had  so  much  at  heart.  It  was  at 
the  instance  of  Judge  Story  that  his  friend  was  called  to 
supply  the  place ;  but  we  shall  do  injustice  to  the  subject 
by  using  any  other  language  than  that  which  has  already 
been  eloquently  employed  upon  this  theme: 

"  Our  connection  has  been  to  me,  indeed,  a  source  of  inexpres 
sible  pleasure  and  satisfaction.  I  recollect,  with  pride,  that  when 
Professor  Ashmun  died  my  thoughts  turned  upon  you  as  the 
man  of  all  others  best  fitted  to  supply  his  place ;  and  the  corpora 
tion,  with  an  unanimity  and  promptitude  which  deserve  the 
highest  commendation,  seconded  the  choice.  .  .  .  But  for  you  the 
School  would  never  have  attained  its  present  rank.  Your  learn 
ing,  your  devotion  to  its  interests,  your  untiring  industry,  your 
steadfast  integrity  of  purpose  and  action,  have  imparted  to  all 
our  efforts  a  vigour  and  ability,  without  which,  I  am  free  to  say, 
that  I  should  have  utterly  despaired  of  success.  Nay,  more :  but 
for  your  constant  co-operation  and  encouragement  in  the  common 
task  I  should  have  drooped  and  lingered  by  the  wayside.  But 
what  I  dwell  on  with  peculiar  delight,  is  the  consciousness 
that  we  have  never  been  rivals,  but  in  working  together  have  gone 
hand  in  hand  throughout;  that  not  a  cloud  has  ever  passed  over 
our  mutual  intercourse,  and  that  we  have  lived  as  brothers 
should  live ;  and,  I  trust  in  God,  we  shall  die  such.  .  .  .  Most 
truly  and  affectionately, 

"Tour faithful  friend, 

«  JOSEPH  STORY. 
"Cambridge,  January  6,  1842." 

Story's  Life  and  Letters,  ii.,  409-411. 

Many  of  the  facts  recorded  in  Prof.  Greenleaf  s  Discourse 
on  the  Life  and  Character  of  Judge  Story  (see  No.  7,  ante) 
will  be  found  in  his  biographical  sketch  of  this  eminent 
jurist  in  The  National  Portrait-Gallery  of  Distinguished 
Americans.  Of  this  sketch  Judge  Story  remarks,  in  a 
letter  to  the  author,  dated  April  15,  1835, 

"I  think  it  one  of  the  most  finished  and  elegant  compositions  I 
ever  read,  and  I  am  only  too  conscious  that  the  main  attractions 
of  the  picture  you  have  drawn  are  due  to  the  skill  and  touching 
kindness  of  the  artist."— Story's  Life  and  Letters,  ii.  197. 

Greenleaf,  Thomas.  Laws  of  New  York,  1777- 
97,  N.  York,  1797,  3  vols.  8vo. 

Greenly,  Lady  Coffin.  Prac.  Serms.  for  every 
Sunday  in  the  Year,  5th  ed.,  Lon.,  1843,  2  vols.  12mo. 

These  admirable  sermons  have  hitherto  been  published 
without  the  writer's  name,  and  many  thousand  copies 
have  been  sold. 

"  They  were  constantly  read  in  the  families  of  Dr.  Huntingford, 
late  Bishop  of  Hereford,  and  of  Dr.  Van  Mildert,  late  Bishop  of 
Durham,  the  latter  of  whom  often  regretted  he  could  not  discover 
the  author,  that  he  might  distinguish  him  by  preferment  in  the 
Church,  concluding  the  sermons  to  have  been  written  by  a  clergy 
man  of  no  common  ability." — Preface  to  the  5th  Edition. 
Greenough,  G.  B.     Geology,  Lon.,  1819,  8vo. 
Greenough,  Horatio,  1806-1852,  an  eminent  Ame 
rican  sculptor,  was  a  native  of  Boston,  Mass.     For  the 
particulars  of  his  career  as  an  artist,  and  a  specimen  of 

735 


GRE 


GRE 


his  merits  as  an  author,  we  refer  the  reader  to  A  Memorial 
of  Horatio  Greenough,  consisting  of  a  Memoir,  and  Selec 
tions  from  his  Writings, — Essays  on  Art,  Ac. — by  Henry 
T.  Tuckcrman,  N.  York,  1853,  12mo. 

Greensted,  Francis.     Fugitive  Pieces,  1797,  8vo. 

Greenup,  J.     Human  Liberty,  Lon.,  1731,  8vo. 

Greenville,  Granville,  or  Grenville,  Denis, 
D.D.,  d.  at  Paris,  1703,  a  son  of  Bevil  Greenville,  and 
brother  of  Sir  John  Greenville,  was  installed  Dean  of 
Durham  in  1684,  and  deprived  of  his  preferments  in  1690, 
in  consequence  of  his  refusal  to  acknowledge  William  and 
Mary.  He  pub.  several  theolog.  treatises,  serms.,  Ac., 
1684-89. 

"  In  bigotry  for  restoration  of  James  II.  he  probably  excelled  all 
his  contemporaries." 

"  You  had  an  uncle  whose  memory  I  shall  ever  revere :  make 
him  your  example.  Sanctity  sate  so  easy,  so  unaffected,  and  so 
graceful  upon  him,  that  in  him  we  beheld  the  very  beauty  of  holi 
ness." — LORD  LANSDOWNE  :  in  a  Letter  to  Dean  Greenville's  nephew. 

See  Gen.  Diet ;  Biog.  Brit. ;  Athen.  Oxon. ;  Hutchin- 
son's  Durham ;  Comber's  Life  of  Comber. 

Greenville,  George.     See  GRANVILLE. 

Greenway,  Dr.  James,  of  Dinwiddie  county,  Vir 
ginia.  Agricult.,  Ac.  con.  to  Trans.  Amer.  Soc.,  iii.  226, 
231-234. 

Greenwood.  Young  Artist's  Guide  to  the  Use  of 
the  Black-Lead  Pencil,  Lon.,  ob.  8vo. 

"  In  this  work  the  author  has  sought  to  exhibit  freedom  of  pen 
cilling  in  preference  to  a  style  of  finished  neatness." — Dedication 
to  Sir  M.  A.  Stiee. 

Greenwood,  Abr.  Address  to  Young  People,  Lon., 
1796,  12mo. 

Greenwood,  It  ev.  Charles,  b.  1821,  at  Greenwood, 
N.  Hampshire.  The  Child  and  the  Man;  or,  Children, 
the  Sabbath  School,  and  the  World.  With  an  Introduc. 
by  Rev.  E.  N.  Kirk,  Bost.,  1855,  12rno. 

"  It  cannot  be  read  without  quickening  Christian  activities,  and 
should  be  widely  circulated." — National  Mag. 

Greenwood,  Daniel.     Serms.,  1672,  '80. 

Greenwood,  Francis  William  Pitt,  D.D.,  1797- 
1843,  a  native  of  Boston,  educated  at  Harvard,  became 
pastor  of  the  New  South  Church,  Boston,  travelled  in 
Europe,  and  subsequently  settled  in  Baltimore,  and  in 
1824  was  made  associate  minister  of  King's  Chapel,  Bos 
ton.  1.  Chapel  Liturgy,  Bost.,  1827,  12mo.  2.  Psalms 
and  Hymns,  1830.  3.  Hist,  of  King's  Chapel,  Boston, 
1833,  12mo.  4.  Serms.  to  Children.  5.  Lives  of  the 
Twelve  Apostles,  1838,  '46.  6.  Serms.  of  Consolation, 
1842, '47  :  see  Christian  Examiner;  Christian  Register. 
7.  Serms.  on  various  subjects,  2  Vols.  8vo.  8.  Miscella 
neous  Writings  edited  by  his  son,  1846,  12mo.  Dr.  G. 
was  at  one  time  editor  of  The  Unitarian  Miscellany,  and 
in  1837  and  1838  was  an  associate  editor  of  The  Christian 
Examiner,  to  which  he  was  a  frequent  contributor  for 
many  years. 

Greenwood,  Col.  George.  1.  Hints  on  Horse 
manship,  Lon.,  16mo.  2.  Cavalry  Sword  Exercise,  1840, 
12mo.  3.  The  Tree-Lifter;  or,  a  New  Method  of  Trans 
planting  Forest  Trees,  1844,  8vo. 

"An  ingenious  treatise,  explanatory  of  a  simple,  but,  as  we 
should  suppose,  an  efficient,  machine  for  raising  trees  of  large  size, 
with  a  considerable  bole  of  earth  round  them,  so  that  their  roots 
may  not  receive  injury." — Britannia. 

Greenwood,  Grace.    See  LIPPINCOTT,  SARA  JANE. 

Greenwood,  Henry.  1.  Day  of  Judgment,  Ac., 
Lon.,  1614,  8vo.  2.  Seven  Tracts  or  Serms.,  1628,  8vo. 
3.  Serm.,  1634,  8vo.  4.  Works,  13th  ed.,  1650,  12mo. 

Greenwood,  Isaac,  Prof,  of  Mathematics  at  Cam 
bridge,  New  England.  Astronom.,  Ac.  con.  to  Phil. 
Trans.,  1728. 

Greenwood,  J.  B.  Collec.  of  Statutes  and  Parts 
of  Statutes,  Ac.,  Lon.,  1830,  12mo. 

Greenwood,  James.  1.  London  Vocabulary  and 
Eng.  Gram.,  Lon.,  1711,  '29,  12mo.  Praised  by  Bicker- 
staff  in  the  Tatler.  2.  The  Virgin  Muse,  1717,  '22,  12mo. 

Greenwood,  James.    A  Rhapsody,  Lon.,  1776,  4to. 

Greenwood,  John,  a  Puritan,  executed  at  Tyburn, 
with  Hen.  Barrow,  April  6,  1593,  pub.  some  theolog.  trea 
tises.  See  Watt's  Bibl.  Brit. 

Greenwood,  Nic.  AstronomiaAnglicana;  contain 
ing  an  absolute  and  entire  Piece  of  Astronomy  in  three 
books,  Lon.,  1689,  fol. 

1832reAecnWO°d'    Th°ma8*      Theol°g-    works,    Lon., 
Greenwood,  Will.    A  Description  of  the  Passion 

of  Love,  Ac.,  Lon.,  1657,  8vo.     The  author  has 
«  Unmercifully  stolen  matter  without   any   acknowledgment 

from  Burton's  Anatomy  of  Melancholy." — ANTHONY  WOOD. 
Greenwood,  Wm.     1.    Curia    Comitatus    Rediviva, 

Lon.,  1657,  12mo.     2.  County  Judicatures,  1664,  '75,  8vo; 


8th  ed.,  1680,  12mo.     3.  County  Courts,  Ac.,  1668,  '75, 
1722,  8vo;  9th  ed.,  1730,  Svo. 

Greenwood,  Wm.,  D.D.  Harmony  of  the  Evan 
gelists,  Lon.,  1766,  12mo.  Other  works. 

Greepe,  Thomas.  Exploytes  of  Syr  Frauncis  Drake, 
Lon.,  1587,  4to.  White  Knights,  1909,  £10. 

Greer,  Mrs.  J.  R.  1.  Quakerism ;  or,  The  Story  of 
my  Life,  Lon.,  1851,  '52,  p.  Svo.  2.  The  Society  of  Friends ; 
a  Domestic  Narrative,  1852,  '54,  2  vols.  p.  Svo. 

Greffyn,  W.     See  GRIFFITH. 

Greg,  John,  or  William.     See  GRIGG. 

Greg,  or  Gregg,  Rev.  John  Anthony.  1.  The 
Solitary  Frenchman;  a  Poem,  trans.  1784,  '94,  Svo. 
2.  Hierogamy,  1801,  Svo. 

Greg,  Thomas.  1.  Letter  rel.  to  Ploughing  heavy 
and  wet  Land,  Lon.,  1809,  Svo.  2.  Report  of  his  System 
of  Farming,  1810,  Svo.  See  Donaldson's  Agricult.  Biog. 

Greg,  W.  Rathbone.  The  Creed  of  Christendom, 
Lon.,  1851,  Svo.  Commended  by  the  Westminster  Review, 
Prospective  Review,  Economist,  Ac. 

Gregg,  F.  1.  Law,  Ac.  of  B'kruptcy,  Lon.,  1826,  '38, 
Svo.  2.  New  B'krupt  Act,  1826,  Svo.  3.  Law,  Ac.  of 
B'kruptcy  as  regards  Meetings,  Ac.,  1838,  12mo.  4.  Costs 
in  B'kruptcy,  2d  ed.,  183S,  12mo. 

Gregg,  Josiah.  Scenes  and  Incidents  in  the  Western 
Prairies.  New  ed.,  Phila.,  1856. 

Gregg,  T.D.,  Chaplain  of  St.  Nicholas  Within,  Dublin. 
1.  Discuss,  with  T.  Maguire,  Dubl.,  1839,  Svo.  2.  Protest 
ant  Ascendency  Vindicated,  Dubl.,  1840, 12mo.  3.  Serms., 
1846,  Svo.  4.  Free  Thoughts  on  Protestant  Matters,  2d 
ed.,  1847,  p.  Svo. 

Gregor,  Francis,  M.P.  for  Cornwall,  d.  1815,  aged 
55,  pub.  three  polit.  pamph.,  1810-12. 

Gregor,  Rev.  Wm.,  pub.  two  serms.,  1805,  '09,  and 
con.  geological  papers  to  Phil.  Trans.,  Ac.,  1805-15. 

Gregory,  Arthur.  1.  L'Abridgt.  des  Cases,  Ac.,  Lon., 
1599,  12mo.  2.  The  Moot- Book,  Ac.,  trans,  into  Eng.,  and 
enlarged  by  W.  Hughes,  1663,  4to. 

Gregory,  David,  1661-1708,  a  native  of  Aberdeen, 
Scotland,  a  nephew  of  James  Gregory,  Prof,  of  Mathematics 
in  the  Univ.  of  St.  Andrew's,  succeeded  his  uncle  at  the 
early  age  of  twenty-three,  and  in  1691  was  elected  Savilian 
Prof,  of  Astronomy  at  Oxford.  He  pub.  works  on  Geo 
metry,  Astronomy,  Ac.,  in  Latin,  1684-1703,  and  contri 
buted  a  number  of  papers  to  Phil.  Trans.,  1694-1704. 
1.  Astronomiae,  Physicae,  et  Geometriae  Elementa,  Oxon., 
1702,  fol.  In  Eng.,  with  addits.  by  E.  Stone,  1713,  '26,  2 
vols.  Svo.  2.  Euclidus  Opera  omnia,  Gr.  et  Lat,  Oxf.,  1703, 
fol.  See  Biog.  Brit. ;  Button's  Diet. ;  Encyc.  Brit. ;  Letters 
by  Eminent  Persons.  We  shall  have  occasion  to  notice 
several  of  the  members  of  this  distinguished  family,  the 
most  illustrious  in  the  annals  of  British  science.  For  two 
centuries  the  name  of  Gregory  has  accumulated  fresh 
honours  with  each  succeeding  generation,  and  sixteen  of 
the  family  have  held  British  professorships.  Whilst  the 
subject  of  this  memoir  was  Professor  of  Mathematics  at 
Oxford,  his  brother  James  occupied  the  same  post  at  Edin 
burgh,  and  another  brother,  Charles,  discharged  similar 
duties  at  St.  Andrew's.  Here  is  nobility,  indeed,  far  out 
shining 

"  The  boast  of  heraldry,  the  pomp  of  power, 
And  all  that  beauty,  all  that  wealth  e'er  gave!" 

Gregory,  Duncan  Farquharson,  d.  1844,  aged  30, 
Fellow  and  Sub-Lecturer  of  Trin.  Coll.,  Camb.,  a  distin 
guished  mathematician,  was  a  descendant  of  James  Gre 
gory,  (1639-1675,)  the  celebrated  author  of  the  Reflecting 
Telescope,  the  son  of  James  Gregory,  M.D.,  (1753-1821,) 
Prof,  of  Medicine  in  the  Univ.  of  Edinburgh,  and  the 
brother  of  William  Gregory,  M.D.,  until  his  death  Prof, 
of  Chemistry  in  Univ.  of  Edinburgh.  He  pub.  a  work  of 
great  merit  on  The  Differential  and  Integral  Calculus,  Lon., 
1841,  Svo;  2d  ed.,  by  W.  Walton,  1846,  Svo;  and  left  un 
finished  a  work,  afterwards  completed  and  pub.  by  W. 
Walton,  on  the  Application  of  Analysis  to  Solid  Geometry, 
1846,  Svo;  2d  ed.,  1853,  Svo.  Mr.  Gregory  was  one  of  the 
chief  projectors  of  the  Cambridge  Mathematical  Journal, — 
a  work  of  European  reputation, — and  its  principal  contri 
butor  until  the  time  of  his  decease. 

Gregory,  Edmund.  An  Historical  Anatomy  of 
Christian  Melancholy,  with  a  Meditation  on  John  ix.  4, 
Lon.,  1646,  12mo. 

Gregory,  F.     The  Human  Soul,  1704,  4to. 

Gregory,  Francis,  D.D.,  Rector  of  Hambledon, 
Bucks,  pub.  several  serms.,  a  Greek  school-book,  Ac., 
1660-98.  ^'  \ 

Gregory,  George,  D.D.,  1754-1808,  son  of  an  Irish 
clergyman,  became  Curate  of  St.  Giles,  Cripplegate,  Lon 
don,  in  1782,  and  in  1804  was  presented  to  the  living  of 


GRE 


GRE 


West  Ham,  Essex.  He  pub.  several  tbeolog.  and  literary 
works,  among  the  principal  of  which  are  the  following : 
1.  Trans,  of  Lowth's  Lectures  on  the  Sacred  Poetry  of  the 
Hebrews,  Lon.,  1787, 1816,  2  vols.  8vo.  New  ed.,  1847,  cr. 
8vo.  See  LOWTH,  ROBERT,  D.D.  2.  Serms.,  1787,  '89,  8vo. 

"  A  pleasing  specimen  of  that  kind  of  manly  eloquence  which 
compasses  its  end  without  loss  of  words." — Lon.  Month.  Rev. 

3.  Life  of  T.  Chatterton,  1789,  8vo.  Also  in  Biog.  Brit. 
4.  Hist,  of  the  Christian  Church  to  1788-90,  2  vola.  12mo; 
1794-95,  2  vols.  8vo.  Grant,  in  his  Hist,  of  the  Christian 
Church,  calls  this  work  an  excellent  abridgment  of 
Mosheim.  5.  Dictionary  of  Arts  and  Sciences,  1806,  2 
vols.  4to.  6.  Lectures  on  Exper.  Philos.,  Astron.,  and 
Chem.,  1809,  2  vols.  12mo.  7.  Letters  on  Literature,  Taste, 
and  Composition,  1810,  2  vols.  12mo.  Dr.  G.  was  for  many 
years  editor  of  the  New  Annual  Register. 

Gregory,  George.    Arithmetic,  &c.,  Lon.,  1814,  '15. 

Gregory,  George,  M.D.,  d.  1853,  Lecturer  of  St. 
Thomas's  Hospital,  London.  1.  Elements  of  the  Theory 
and  Prac.  of  Physic,  2d  ed.,  improved,  Lon.,  1825,  2  vols. 
Svo;  6th  ed.,  1846,  8vo.  2.  Lects.  on  Eruptive  Fevers, 
1843,  8vo. 

Gregory,  James,  1639-1675,  the  first  of  the  long  line 
of  great  men  of  an  illustrious  family,  (see  GREGORY,  DAYID,) 
was  a  native  of  Aberdeen,  and  educated  at  the  grammar 
school  of  that  place  and  at  Marischal  College.  In  1663 
he  pub.  his  Optima  promota,  in  which  he  gave  an  account 
of  his  discovery  of  the  reflecting  telescope.  He  subse 
quently  gave  to  the  world  Vera  Circuli  et  Hyperbolae  Quad- 
ratura,  Patav.,  1667,  4to;  Excercitationes  Geometricse, 
Lon.,  1668,  '78,  4to;  and  some  other  publications.  In 
1668  he  was  elected  Prof,  of  Mathematics  in  the  Univ.  of 
St.  Andrew's,  and  in  1674  was  called  to  the  same  chair  in 
the  Univ.  of  Edinburgh.  He  was  a  friend  of  Sir  Isaac 
Newton,  who  highly  valued  his  remarkable  genius.  See 
Biog.  Brit,  ;  Button's  Diet. ;  Martin's  Biog.  Philos. ;  Pref. 
to  Dr.  John  Gregory's  Works,  edit.  1788,  4  vols.  12mo. 

Gregory,  James,  M.D.,  1753-1821,  a  native  of  Aber 
deen,  Prof,  of  the  Prac.  of  Medicine  in  the  Univ.  of  Edin 
burgh,  was  a  descendant  of  the  preceding,  and  the  father 
of  the  late  Duncan  F.  Gregory,  of  Trin.  Coll.,  Camb.,  who 
displayed,  even  at  the  early  age  at  which  he  died,  the  re 
markable  mathematical  genius  which  distinguished  his 
great  ancestor,  and  many  of  his  successors  for  the  last  two 
centuries.  See  GREGORY,  DAVID.  1.  Dissertatio  Medica, 
Ac.,  Edin.,  1774,  8vo.  2.  Conspectus  Medicinse  Theoreticae 
in  usum  Academicum,  1780-82,  2  vols.  8vo.  There  have 
been  several  new  edits.— 1836,  '37,  '38,  '50— with  addits. 
by  Steggall  and  Venables.  This,  with  the  First  Four 
Books  of  Celsus,  comprise  the  entire  Latin  Classics  required 
for  Examination  at  Apothecaries'  Hall,  London.  3.  Philos. 
and  Literary  Essays,  1793,  8vo.  4.  Memorial,  1800,  4to ; 
1803,  8vo.  5.  Cullen's  First  Lines  of  the  Practice  of 
Physic,  with  Notes,  7th  ed.,  2  vols.  8vo.  See  CULLEN,  WM. 
6.  Theory  of  the  Moods  of  Verbs;  Trans.  Soc.,  Edin., 
1790. 

Gregory,  John,  1607-1646,  a  learned  divine,  a  native 
of  Buckinghamshire,  was  educated  at  Christ  Church,  Ox 
ford  ;  Chaplain  to  Bishop  Duppa,  1638;  Preb.  of  Salisbury, 
1641 ;  deprived  at  the  Rebellion.  1.  Notes  and  Observ.  on 
some  Passages  of  Scripture,  Oxf.,  1646,  4to;  Lon.,  1660, 
'65,  '71,  '83.  This  work  is  the  first  part  of  the  Posthuma. 
It  was  trans,  into  Latin,  and  remitted  into  the  Critica  Sacra. 
2.  Gregorii  Posthuma,  with  Life,  pub.  by  John  Gurgany, 
1649,  '50,  '61,  '65,  '71,  '83,  '84,  4to.  Part  1  is  composed  of 
the  Notes,  Ac.  above;  Part  2  consist  of  eight  pieces:  two 
discourses,  one  serm.,  two  theolog.  treatises,  a  tract  upon 
Time,  one  upon  the  Assyrian  Monarchy,  and  one  upon  the 
Terrestrial  Globe. 

"This  volume  contains  things  learned,  curious,  and  fanciful. 
The  author  possessed  a  considerable  portion  of  learning,  but  was 
very  eccentric  in  his  flights.  Some  of  the  notes  are  important, 
and  contain  a  good  deal  of  rabbinical  lore.  The  Dissertation  and 
plates,  on  the  Boy-bishop  and  the  Monk-fish,  are  curious,  and  ex 
hibit  some  of  the  follies  of  former  times.  His  discussions  on  the 
Song  of  the  Bow,  the  Golden  Mice,  the  Silver  Shrines,  and  Cain's 
Thau,  or  mark,  show  how  much  erudition  may  be  needlessly  ex 
pended  on  very  trifling  subjects.  The  book  is  still  worth  having, 
but  at  no  great  expense." — Orme's  Bibl.  Bib. 

In  1634  he  pub.  a  2d  ed.  in  4to,  with  Notes,  of  Sir  Thomas 
Ridley's  View  of  the  Civil  and  Ecclesiastical  Law.  He 
also  wrote  a  tract,  entitled  Alkiblay,  "in  which  he  endea 
voured  to  vindicate  the  antiquity  of  worshipping  towards 
the  east;"  and  left  three  pieces  in  MS.,  trans,  by  him  from 
Greek  into  Latin,  which  were  pub.  by  Edward  Bysshe  in 
his  own  name,  q.  v.  Gregory  also  left,  in  MS.,  Observa- 
tiones.  Ac.  Johannis  Malelse  Chronographia;  and  he  in 
tended  to  have  pub.  a  Latin  trans,  of  that  author,  with 
annotations. 


"  The  miracle  of  his  age  for  critical  and  curious  learning."— 
Athen.  Oxon,  q.  v. 

"  He  attained  to  be  an  exquisite  linguist  and  general  scholar; 
his  modesty  setting  the  greater  lustre  on  his  learning." — Fuller's 
Worthies,  q.  v. 

See  also  Life  prefixed  to  Gregorii  Posthuma;  Gen.  Diet.; 
Biog.  Brit. ;  Lloyd's  Memoirs ;  Fuller's  Worthies. 

Gregory,  John,  Archdeacon  of  Gloucester.  Discourse 
of  the  Morality  of  the  Sabbath,  Lon.,  1681,  8vo. 

Gregory,  John,  1724-1773,  M.D.,  a  native  of  Aber 
deen,  grand-nephew  of  James  Gregory,  the  inventor  of  the 
reflecting  telescope,  studied  medicine  at  Edinburgh,  Ley- 
den,  and  Paris,  and  on  his  return  from  the  continent  was 
appointed  Prof,  of  Philosophy  in  King's  Coll.,  Aberdeen  ; 
Prof,  of  Physic  in  the  same  institution,  1756-66  ;  Prof,  of 
Physic  in  the  Univ.  of  Edinburgh,  1766-73.  1.  Compara 
tive  View  of  the  State  and  Faculties  of  Man  with  those 
of  the  Animal  World,  Lon.,  1765,  '76,  12mo;  1766,  Svo; 
1774,  2  vols.  12mo.  2.  Observ.  on  the  Duties,  Offices,  and 
Qualifications  of  a  Physician,  Ac.,  1770,  '72,  8vo.  3.  Ele 
ments  of  the  Prac.  of  Physic,  Edin.,  1772,  8vo.  Left  im 
perfect.  The  part  relating  to  Febrile  Diseases  was  repub., 
Lon.,  1774,  8vo.  4.  A  Father's  Legacy  to  his  Daughters, 
1774,  12mo.  New  ed.,  1813.  Trans,  into  French  and 
Italian  by  John  Sivrac,  1794,  12mo. 

"  These  letters  were  written  by  a  tender  fether  in  a  declining 
state  of  health  for  the  instruction  of  his  daughters.  They  contain 
a  rich  treasure  of  admonition  and  advice." — Editor's  Preface. 

5.  Whole  Works,  with  Life  by  Mr.  Tytler,  (since  Lord 
Woodhouselee,)  Edin.,  1788,  4  vols.  cr.  8vo.    Another  ac 
count  of  Dr.  Gregory's  Life  was  written  by  Wm.  Smellie, 
and  pub.  with  his   Lives  of  Kames,  Hume,  and   Smith. 
1800,  8vo. 

Gregory,  John  Mark.  1.  Geography  and  Hist,  of 
Moses,  Edin.,  1702,  4to.  2.  Sepulchres  of  the  Ancients 
and  their  Monuments,  Lon.,  1712. 

Gregory,  Joseph.    Hist.  Discourses,  Lon.,  1792,  8vo. 

Gregory,  Olinthus  Gilbert,  LL.D.,  1774-1841,  a 
native  of  Yaxley,  Huntingdonshire,  became  mathematical 
master  of  the  Royal  Military  Academy  at  Woolwich  in  1802, 
and  subsequently  attained  the  Professor's  chair,  which  he 
resigned  in  1838  in  consequence  of  failing  health.  His  first 
work,  pub.  at  the  age  of  nineteen,  was  entitled  (1)  Lessons, 
Astronomical  and  Philosophical,  for  the  Amusement  and 
Instruction  of  British  Youth,  Lon.,  1793,  '97,  12mo ;  4th 
ed.,  1813. 

«  An  excellent  little  book,  worthy  of  all  the  popularity  it  has 
acquired." — Goodhugh's  Lib.  Man. 

Among  his  other  works  are — 2.  Astronomy,  1802,  8vo. 
3.  Mechanics,  1806,  '07,  '15,  2  vols.  8vo.  4.  Trans,  of 
Hauy's  Nat.  Philos.,  1807,  2  vols.  8vo.  5.  Letters  to  a 
Friend  on  the  Evidences,  Doctrines,  and  Duties  of  the 
Christian  Religion,  1815,  2  vols.  12mo ;  9th  ed.,  1851, 12mo. 
By  the  Lon.  Rel.  Tract  Soc.,  1853,  18mo. 

"  He  has  united  with  extraordinary  attainments  in  the  severer 
sciences  the  art  of  recommending  his  sentiments  with  impressive 
effect ;  and  he  exhibits,  in  an  eminent  degree,  the  most  important 
ingredients  of  good  writing.  .  .  .  We  are  acquainted  with  no  book 
in  the  circle  of  English  literature  which  is  equally  calculated  to 
give  young  persons  just  views  of  the  evidence,  the  nature,  and 
the  importance  of  revealed  religion." — ROBERT  HALL  :  Lon.  Eclectic 
Rev.;  and  see  Hall's  collected  writings,  ed.  1853,  vol.  iv.  144. 

6.  Elements  of  Plane  and  Spher.  Trigonometry,  1816, 
12mo.     7.  Mathemat.  for  Prac.  Men,  1825,  8vo ;  3d  ed., 
1848,  8vo.    8.  Memoirs,  Ac.  of  J.  M.  Good,  M.D.,  1828,  Svo. 

"  It  is  truly  refreshing  to  turn  from  the  drivelling  autobiogra 
phies  of  the  day  to  this  interesting  volume." — Spirit  and  Manners 
of  the  Age,  March,  1828. 

9.  Button's  Mathemat.  Tables,  with  7  addit.  Tables, 
1830,  Svo.  10.  Button's  Course  of  Mathemat.,  by  0. 
Gregory  and  T.  S.  Davies,  12th  ed.,  1840,  2  vols.  Svo. 
11.  Hints  to  the  Teachers  of  Mathemat.,  1840,  12mo. 
Dr.  G.  was  the  editor  of  Pantalogia,  (see  GOOD,  JOHN 
MASON,  M.D.,)  and  from  1817  had  the  superintendence 
of  the  almanacs  pub.  by  the  Stationers'  Company  of 
London,  a  duty  in  which  he  succeeded  Dr.  Button.  A 
biographical  sketch  of  Dr.  Gregory  will  be  found  in  Lon. 
Gent.  Mag.  for  April,  1841. 

Gregory,  Thomas.  Serms.,  Ac.,  1694,  '96,  1708, 
all  Svo. 

Gregory,  Wm.     Surgical  con.  to  Phil.  Trans.,  1738. 

Gregory,  Wm.  Journal  of  a  Captured  Missionary,  Ac., 
Lon.,  1800,  8vo. 

Gregory,  Wm.,  M.D.,d.  1858,  Prof,  of  Chemistry  in  the 
Univ.  of  Edinburgh,  one  of  the  most  distinguished  chemists 
of  his  age,  was  a  descendant  of  James  Gregory,  (1639- 
1675,)  the  distinguished  inventor  of  the  reflecting  telescope. 
See  GREGORY,  DAVID;  GREGORY,  DUNCAN  FARQTJHARSON; 
GREGORY,  JAMES.  Outlines  of  Chemistry :  Pt.  1,  Inor 
ganic  Chemistry;  Part 2,  Organic  Chemistry;  3d  ed.,  1848, 
Svo.  Amer.  ed.,  enlarged  by  J.  M.  Sanders,  M.D.,  LL.D. 


GRE 


GKE 


.    *  /it.       -4.      •     4/u     T?  !«„*•/»  Mo^;/»n1  Tnstihite  Gin-  1  Qrenville's  positions,  except  the  last,  which  Mr.  Burke  has  not 
Prof,  of  Chemistry  in  the  Eclectic  Medical  Institute,  Oin       completely  *V9rihm^    !fis  tract  is  indeed  one  of  the  very  best 

cinnati,  1851,  Svo.  specimens  of  a  review  that  has  ever  been  published,  displaying  all 

"This  is  beyond  comparison  the  best  introduction  to  Chemistry  ^  deep  thinking 

which  has  yet  appeared."— Lon.  Lancet.  \  McCulloch's  Lit.  of  JTUIU.  ^ 

2.  Hand-book  of  Organic  Chemistry,  1852,  Svo.  6.  Hand-  Mr  Grenville  noticed  Mr.  Burke's  strictures  in  An  Ap- 

book  of  Inorganic  Chemistry,  3d  ed.,  1853,  12mo-     %*}*•  pendix  to  The  Present  State  of  the  Nation,  &c.,  1769,  Svo. 

big's  Animal  Chemistry;  edited  by  Dr.  G.;  3d  ed.,  1842,  Mr   Grenville  and  his  brother  Richard— Earl  Temple— 

Svo.     5.  Liebig's  Instruc.  for  the  Chemical  Analysis  of  were  activelv  engaged  in  the  politics  of  the  day ;  and 

Organic  Bodies;  trans,  by  Dr.  G.     6.  Liebig's  Researches  much  valuable  information  will  be  found  in  their  corre- 

on  the  Chemistry  of  Food;  edited  by  Dr.  G.,  1S47,  Svo.  spon(jence,  entitled  The  Grenville  Papers,  from  the  Origi- 

7.  Liebig's  Researches  on  the  Motion  of  the  Juices  in  the  nftl  Mgg    pregerved  at  Stowe.     Edited  by  W.  J.  Smith, 

Animal  Body;  edited  by  Dr.  G.,  1S48,  Syo.     8.  Letters  to  (late  librarian  at  gtowe,)  4  vols.  Svo,  1852-53.     In  the 

a  Candid  Enquirer  on  Animal  Magnetism.     .New  ed.  in  tnirdvoi>  wm  be  found  some  matter  offered  as  evidence  to 

course  of  preparation  in  1853.  proye  taat  Lor(j  Temple  was  author  of  The  Letters  of 

"  A  volume  destined,  we  believe,  to  excite  considerable  atten-  I  * 
tion  both  from  the  nature  of  its  subject  and  the  position  of  the 
writer."— Lon.  Notes  and  Queries. 

9.  Baron  Von  Reichenbach's  Researches  on  Magnet 
ism,  <fec. ;  trans,  by  Dr.  G.,  Svo. 

«  The  merits  of  this  remarkable  volume  are  great."— North  Brit. 

To  Liebig's  Chemistry  in  its  Application  to  Agricult. 
and  Physiology;  edited  by  Dr.  G.  and  Dr.  Lyon  Playfair; 
4th  ed.,  1847,  8vo. 

"Its  acceptance  as  a  standard  is  unavoidable;  for,  following 
closely  in  the  straight  path  of  inductive  philosophy,  the  conclu 
sions  which  are  drawn  from  its  data  are  incontrovertible."— Sitti- 
man's  Journal. 

11.  Elements  of  Chemistry,  by  the  late  Dr.  Turner,  8th 
ed.,  1847,  Svo. 

"The  present  is,  in  short,  the  most  complete  and  the  most 
luminous  system  of  Chemistry  in  the  English  language;  and  we 
know  not  one  in  France  or  Germany  that  comes  near  it."— Edin. 
Med.  and  Surg.  Jour.,  Jan.  1, 1847. 

Gregson,  H.  Suggestions  for  Improving  the  Condi 
tion  of  the  Industrious  Classes  by  establishing  Friendly 
Societies  and  Savings  Banks,  Lon.,  1830,  Svo. 

Gregson,  Joseph.  1.  Fashionable  Furniture,  1812, 
12mo.  2.  Fires  of  London,  1812,  Svo. 

Gregson,  Matthew.     Fragments  rel.  to 
and  Antiq.  of  Lancaster,  1817,  fol. 

Gregson,  Moses.     Serm.,  1760,  '70,  both  Svo. 

Greig,  George.     Serm.,  1809,  '12,  both  Svo. 

Greig,  John.  Arithmet,  Astronom.,  and  other  works, 
1798-1810. 

Greig,  Wm.    Road  Police,  Dubl.,  1818,  Svo. 

Greisley,  Sir  Roger,— Gresley  is  the  family  name 
but  Sir  Roger  was  an  antiquary,  and  inserted  another 
letter,— 1801-1837,  was  educated  at  Christ  Church,  Oxford. 


Junius.     See  JUNIUS. 

Grenville,  or  Greenvil,  Sir  Richard.  1.  Fight 
about  the  Isles  of  Azoras,  Lon.,  1591,  4to.  2.  Expeditions 
to  Cadiz  and  Rhee,  1724,  Svo.  See  Clarendon's  Hist  of 
the  Rebellion. 

Grenville,  William  Wynclham,  Lord,  1759-1834, 
Chancellor  of  the  Univ.  of  Oxford,  and  a  statesman  of 
great  abilities,  was  the  third  son  of  George  Grenville ;  - 
(see  ante.)  1.  Speech,  Lon.,  1789,  '91,  8vo.  2.  Speech, 
1798,  Svo.  3.  Speech,  1803,  Svo.  4.  Letters  of  the  Earl 
of  Chatham  to  Thomas  Pitt,  1804,  Svo.  5.  New  Plan  of 
Finance,  1806,  Svo.  6.  Letter  to  the  Earl  of  Fingal,  1S10. 
7.  Nugse  Metricse,  1824,  4to..  Copies  of  this  work  are  of 
rare  occurrence,  having  been  bought  up  by  the  family. 
It  has  been  said  that  these  Poems  and  the  "  Primitise  et 
Reliquife"  of  the  Marquis  of  Wellesley  are  the  most  clas 
sical  Latin  compositions  of  the  present  century.  8.  State 
Papers  between  him  and  Chauvelin,  1793,  8vo. 

Gresham,  James.  The  Story  of  Cinyras  and  Myrrha, 
Lon.,  1626,  12mo. 

Gresley,  Richard  N.    Law  of  Evidence  in  the  Cts. 
of  Equity,  Lon.,  1836,  Svo;  Phila.,  1837,  Svo;  2d  ed.,  by 
the  Hist   I  C-  A-  Calvert,  1847,  r.  Svo;  Phila.,  184S,  Svo. 

"A  complete  and  highly  satisfactory  work."— Marvin's  Leg.  Bibl. 

;This  new  edition  of  a  very  useful  work  displays  erudition  and 
skill  of  no  common  character." — Lon.  Law  Mag. 

The  lawyer  should  add  to  this  excellent  work  E.  R. 
Daniell's  Chancery  Practice,  R.  G.  Welford's  Equity 
Pleadings,  &c.  Judge  Story's  great  work  on  Equity 
Pleadings  will  of  course  claim  many  of  "  his  days  and 
nights." 

Gresley,  Sir  Roger.     See  GREISLEY. 

Gresley,  W.,  Preb.  of  Lincoln,  a  very  popular  writer, 


1   Sir   Philip   Gasteneys,  a  Minor;   a  Tale,  1829,  12mo.     has  given  to  the  world  (pub.  1835-51)  the  following  works: 
2'.  The  Life  and  Pontificate  of  Gregory  VII.,  1832,  Svo. 

"  He  had,  during  his  travels  in  Italy,  imbibed  a  thorough  ab 
horrence  of  the  abominations  and  usurpations  of  the  Roman  See, 
and  this  was  the  offspring  of  it."— Lon.  Gent.  Mag.,  Dec.  1837,  q.  v. 
Grellier,  J.  J.  1.  Loans  of  the  last  50  Years,  Lon., 
1799,  Svo.  2.  Hist,  of  the  National  Debt,  1810,  Svo.  A 
work  of  authority. 

Grenewly,  Richard.     The  Annales   of  Cornelius 
Tacitus.     The  Description  of  Germanic,  Lon.,  1598,  fol. 
Grenfell,  John.     Bank-Notes,  Lon.,  1814,  Svo. 
Grenfell,  Pascoe,  1762-1838,  M.P.,  a  British  mer 
chant,  and  warm  supporter  of  Wilberforce  in  his  efforts  for 
the  abolition  of  the  slave-trade.      Speech  in  the  H.  of  C., 
Lon.,  1816,  Svo.     Such  men  are  to  be  "held  in  all  honour." 
Grenfield,  E.  W.     Serm.,  Lon.,  1811. 
Grenneld,  Henry.     Poems,  Lon.,  1686,  STO. 
Grenville,  Denis.     See  GREENVILLE. 
Grenville,  George.     See  GRANVILLE. 
Grenville,  George  Nugent,  Lord.     1.  Portugal; 
a  Poem,  2d  ed.,  Lon.,  1812,  4to. 

"Twice,  with  the  most  patient  attention,  have  we  read  every 
line  of  this  poem,  and  twice  have  we  risen  from  the  perusal  '  per 
plexed  in  the  extreme.'  Lord  George  Nugent  Grenville  has,  it  is 
certain,  published  a  poem  under  the  title  of  Portugal ;  but,  though 
the  stream  of  verse  is  sufficiently  smooth,  it  is  so  prodigiously  deep 
that  our  plummets  have  in  very  few  places  indeed  been  able  to 
find  the  bottom."— ion.  Quar.  Rev.,  vii.  151-158,  q.  v. 

2.  Oxford  and  Locke,  1829.  Relates  to  the  expulsion 
of  Locke  from  the  Univ.  of  Oxford,  and  defends  the  Uni 
versity  against  the  censures  of  Dugald  Stewart. 

Grenville,  George,  1702-1770,  M.P.,  filled  the 
offices  of  Treasurer  of  the  Navy,  First  Lord  of  the  Admi- 


1.  Anglo-Catholicism.  '2.  Bernard  Leslie.  3.  Charles  Le 
ver.  4.  Church  Clavering.  5.  Clement  Walton.  6.  Col- 
ton  Green.  7.  Coniston  Hall.  8.  Ecclesiastes  Anglicanus. 
.  Evangelical  Truth  and  Apostolical  Order.  10.  Forest 
of  Arden.  11.  Frank's  First  Trip  to  the  Continent. 
12.  Help  to  Prayer.  13.  Henri  de  Clermont.  14.  Holi 
day  Tales.  15.  Ordinance  of  Confession.  16.  Portrait  of 
an"  English  Churchman.  17.  Real  Danger  of  the  Ch.  of 
Eng. ;  1st  statement.  18.  Second  statement.  19.  Third 
statement.  20.  Serms.  on  the  Duties  of  a  Christian. 
21.  Ditto  at  Oxford.  22.  Do.  Parochial.  23.  Do.  Practi 
cal.  24.  Siege  of  Lichfield.  25.  Short  Treatise  on  the 
English  Church.  26.  Suggestions  on  the  New  Statute  to 
be  proposed  in  the  Univ.  of  Oxford. 

"Among  the  writers  who  of  late  have  sought  to  revive  the 
practical  teaching  of  the  English  Church  in  a  popular  form,  few 
have  been  more  successful  than  the  author  of  Bernard  Leslie." 

Gressop,  Thomas.  Pope's  Primacie,  Lon.,  1560,  Svo. 
This  is  a  trans,  from  Nilus,  Archbp.  of  Thessalonica. 

Greswell,  Edward,  Fellow  of  Corpus  Christi  Coll., 
Oxf.,  a  son  of  the  Rev.  William  Parr  Greswell,  (see  post.) 
1.  An  Expos,  of  the  Parables  and  other  parts  of  the  Gos 
pels,  Lon.,  1834-35,  5  vols.  8vo.  An  elaborate  review  of 
this  "  great  and  learned  work"  will  be  found  in  the  Brit 
Crit.  for  Oct.  1835.  2.  Harmonia  Evangelica,  Oxon.,  1830, 
Svo;  4th  ed.,  1845,  Svo.  Part  6  was  first  added  in  3d 
ed.,  1840,  Svo.  R.  Mimpriss's  English  Harmony  should 
accompany  Greswell's  work.  3.  Dissertations  upon  the 
Principles  and  Arrangement  of  a  Harmony  of  the  Gos 
pels,  1830,  3  vols.  8vo ;  Supp.  Dissert.,  1834,  Svo ;  2d  ed., 
1837,  4  vols.  in  5,  Svo.  In  the  2d  ed.  the  Supp.  Disserts. 


ralty,  First  Lord  of  the  Treasury,  and  (1765)  Chancellor     have  been  incorporated  and  much  new  matter  added. 


of  the  Exchequer.  1.  Considerations  on  the  Commerce 
and  Finances  of  England.  2.  The  Present  State  of  the 
Nation,  1769,  Svo.  This  was  ascribed  to  Mr.  Grenville, 
and  also  to  his  former  secretary,  Mr.  Knox.  It  was 
answered  by  Edmund  Burke  in  Observations  on  a  late 
Publication  entitled  The  Present  State  of  the  Nation, 
1769,  Svo. 

"It  is  not  going  too  far  to  say  that  there  is  scarcely  one  of  Mr. 
733 


« His  Harmony  forms  but  a  portion  of  the  valuable  critical 
apparatus  which  he  has  constructed  for  the  benefit  of  the  critical 
student;  and,  taken  together  with  the  Dissertations,  it  will  enable 
the  reader  to  make  himself  master  of  the  whole  range  of  inquiry 
relating  to  the  chronology  of  the  New  Testament  and  the  struc 
ture  and  composition  of  the  Gospels."— ion.  Eclectic  Rev.,  June, 
1838. 

4.  Fasti  Teinporis  Catholici,  et  Origenes  Kalendan®, 
1852,  5  vols.  Svo ;  and  General  Tables,  4to. 


GEE 


GEE 


Greswell,  Wm.  1.  Comment,  on  tbe  Burial  Service, 
Oxf.,  2  vols.  8vo.  2.  Popular  View  of  the  Corresp.  be 
tween  the  Mosaic  Ritual  and  the  Facts  and  Doctrines  of 
the  Christian  Religion,  1834,  8vo. 

"A  valuable  accession  to  the  tracts  which  have  already  been 
written  thereon.  Mr.  Greswell  has  clearly  proved  and  confirmed 
the  doctrine  of  the  Apostle,  that  the  law  was  merely  a  shadow  of 
good  things  to  come." — Lon.  Chris.  Remembrancer. 

Greswell,  William  Parr,  Incumbent  of  Denton, 
parish  of  Manchester,  father  of  the  Rev.  Edward  Gres 
well,  (see  ante,)  d.  1854,  aged  89.     1.  Memoirs  of  Angelus 
Politianus,  <fcc.,  Manches.,  1801,  '05,  8vo. 
"An  elegantly-written  and  highly-interesting  work."— HORNE. 
2.  Annals  of  Parisian   Typography,  1818,  8vo.     3.  A 
View  of  the  Early  Parisian  Greek  Press.     Edited  by  his 
son,  Edward   Greswell,  Oxf.,  1833,  2  vols.  8vo.     Brunet 
remarks  of  these  two  works : 

"  Ces  deux  ouvrages  sont  des  compilations  qui  ne  renfennent 
presque  aucun  fait  nouveau,  et  ou  nous  avons  remarque'  bien  des 
inexactitudes.  Neanmoins.  ils  se  font  lire  avec  interet." — Manuel 
du  Libraire,  <&c. 

"Those  who  love  to  peruse  such  (bibliographical)  researches 
will  find  a  rich  treat  in  these  volumes." — Lon.  Athenaeum. 
"It  displays  great  learning  and  research." — Lon.  Lit.  Gazette. 
4.  A  Sequel  to   No.  3.     This  was   suppressed.     5.  The 
Monastery  of  St.  Werburg ;  a  Poem,  with  Notes,  1823,  8vo. 
Gretton,  George,  D.D.    A  Charge,  Lon.,  1812. 
Gretton,  Phillips,  D.D.  Serms.,<fcc.,1725-32, all  8vo. 
Greville.  Brit.  India  Analyzed,  Lon.,  1793,  3  vols.  8vo. 
Greville,  Rt.  Hon.  Charles.     Con.  on  Nat.  Philos. 
to  Phil.  Trans.,  1798,  1803,  and  Nich.  Jour.,  1799,  1803. 

Greville,  Mrs.  Frances,  was  a  daughter  of  James 
Macartney,  the  wife  of  Fulke  Greville,  and  the  mother 
of  the  celebrated  beauty,  Mrs.  Crewe,  and  of  Capt.  Wil 
liam  Fulke  Greville.  She  wrote,  about  1753,  a  short 
poem,  entitled  Prayer  for  Indifference,  which  obtained 
wide  popularity,  and  elicited  several  responses,  of  which 
the  best-known  is  that  by  the  Countess  of  C ,  pre 
sumed  to  be  Isabella,  Countess  of  Carlisle,  who  died  in 
1793. 

Greville,  Fulke,  Fulk,  or  Foulk,  Lord  Brooke, 
1554-1628,  was  son  to  Sir  Fulke  Grevill,  of  Beauchamp 
Court,  in  Warwickshire.  He  was  entered  of  Trinity  Col 
lege,  Cambridge,  and  subsequently  completed  his  studies 
at  Oxford.  After  attaining  distinction  at  court  and  being 
honoured  by  a  seat  at  the  Privy  Council,  he  was  assassi 
nated  by  one  of  his  domestics,  named  Ralph  Heywood. 
He  was  so  much  attached  to  an  illustrious  contemporary 
poet  that  he  styled  himself  on  his  tombstone  "  THE 
FRIEND  OF  SIR  PHILIP  SIDNEY  :"  and  he  wrote — 1.  The 
Life  of  the  renowned  Sir  Philip  Sidney,  pub.  in  1652, 
12tno.  Reprinted  by  Sir  Egerton  Brydges  at  the  private 
press  of  Lee  Priory,  Kent,  1816,  2  vols.  r.  8vo.  2.  A  Letter 
to  an  Hon.  Lady.  3.  A  Letter  of  Travell.  4.  Cselica ;  a 
collection  of  109  Songs.  5.  A  Treatise  of  Human  Learn 
ing,  in  15  stanzas.  6.  An  Inquisition  upon  Fame  and 
Honour,  in  86  stanzas.  7.  A  Treatise  of  Warres,  in  68 
stanzas.  8.  Alaham;  a  Tragedy.  9.  Mustapha;  a  Tra 
gedy.  These  tragedies,  with  a  Letter  to  a  Lady  and  the 
Poems  mentioned  above,  were  pub.  in  a  "  squab  folio," 
Lon.,  1633,  under  the  title  of  Certaine  Learned  and  Ele 
gant  Workes  of  the  Right  Honourable  Fulke,  Lord  Brooke, 
written  in  his  Youth,  and  Familiar  Exercise  with  Sir 
Philip  Sidney.  Some  of  the  smaller  pieces  had  appeared 
in  England's  Helicon,  1600.  10.  A  Speech  in  Parliament, 
recorded  by  Lord  Bacon.  11.  Remains;  being  Poems  on 
Morality  and  Religion,  1670,  8vo.  The  two  following 
have  been  ascribed  to  him,  but  are  disputed : — 12.  Five 
Yeares  of  King  James,  1643,  '51,  4to.  13.  M.  Tullius 
Cicero ;  a  Tragedy.  Lord  Brooke's  works,  whatever  their 
merits,  are  certainly  not  of  that  character  which  can  com 
mand  attention  beyond  their  own  age. 

"  A  man  of  much  note  in  his  time,  but  one  of  those  admired 
wits  who  have  lost  much  of  their  reputation  in  the  eyes  of  pos 
terity.  A  thousand  accidents  of  birth,  court-favour,  or  popularity, 
concur  sometimes  to  gild  a  slender  proportion  of  merit."—  Wai- 
pole's  JR.  <&  2V.  Authors. 

"Notwithstanding  Lord  Orford's  detracting  estimate  of  this 
nobleman,  he  appears  to  have  had  a  taste  for  all  kinds  of  polite 
learning,  though  his  inclination  as  well  as  his  genius  led  him  par 
ticularly  to  poetry  and  history ;  and  Phillips  or  Milton  [Theatrum 
Poetarum]  remarks,  that  m  all  his  poems  is  observable  a  close, 
mysterious,  and  sententious  way  of  writing,  but  without  much 
regard  to  elegancy  of  style  or  smoothness  of  verse." — PARK. 

"  The  author  has  been  so  careful  [in  Mustapha]  in  observing  the 
Rules  of  Aristotle  and  Horace,  that  whereas  Horace  says, 

'  Neo  quarta  loqui  persona  laboret,' 

he  has  in  no  scene  throughout  introduced  above  two  Speakers, 
except  in  the  Chorus  between  each  Act :  and  even  there  he  ob 
serves  all  the  Rules  laid  down  by  that  great  Master  in  the  Art  of 
Poetry."— Langbaine's  Dramatic*  Poets. 

Boltoc,  in  his  Hypercritica,  styles    this  tragedy  the 


"  Matchless  Mustapha ;"  and  Davies  of  Hereford  inscribed 
fourteen  lines  "to  the  immortal  memory  and  deserved 
honour  of  the  writer  of  the  tragedy  of  Mustapha."  Sir 
Philip  Sidney  thus  welcomes  his  two  "  worthy  friends  and 
fellow-poets,  Sir  Edward  Dyer  and  Mr.  Fulke  Grevill." 
"  Welcome  my  two  to  me ! 

The  number  best  beloved, 
Within  my  heart  you  be 

In  friendship  unremoved. 
Joyne  hands  and  hearts,  so  let  it  be, 
Make  but  one  minde  in  bodies  three." 
Other  stanzas  ;  vide  Davidson's  Poeticall  Rliapsody,  1602, 

Bishop  Corbet  thought  his  lordship's  accomplishments 
worthy  of  commemoration : 

"  The  phrase  and  welcome  of  the  knight  did  make 
The  seat  more  elegant ;  every  word  he  spake 
Was  wine  and  music." 

Visit  to  Lord  Brook,  in  his  Iter  Boreale. 

Baxter,  the  celebrated  Nonconformist,  thus  refers  to  his 
Poems  of  Monarchy  and  Religion  : 

"Sir  Fulk  Grevill,  Lord  Brook,  a  man  of  great-note  in  his  age, 
hath  a  poem  lately  printed  (1670)  for  subject's  liberty,  which  I 
greatly  wonder  this  age  could  bear." — Prefatory  Address  to  Bax 
ter's  Poetical  Fragments,  1681. 

"These  two  Tragedies  of  Lord  Brooke  [Alaham  and  Mustapha] 
might  with  more  propriety  have  been  termed  political  treatises 
than  plays.  Their  author  has  strangely  contrived  to  make  pas 
sion,  character,  and  interest,  of  the  highest  order,  subservient  to 
the  expression  of  state  dogmas  and  mysteries.  .  .  .  Whether  we 
look  into  his  plays,  or  his  most  passionate  love-poems,  we  shall 
find  all  frozen  and  made  rigid  with  intellect."— CHARLES'  LAMB. 

"  The  titles  of  Lord  Brooke's  poems,  A  Treatise  of  Human  Learn 
ing,  A  Treatise  of  Monarchy,  A  Treatise  of  Religion,  An  Inquisi 
tion  upon  Fame  and  Honour,  lead  us  to  anticipate  more  of  sense 
than  fancy.  In  this  we  are  not  deceived  ;  his  mind  was  pregnant 
with  deep  reflection  upon  multifarious  learning,  but  he  struggles 
to  give  utterance  to  thoughts  which  he  had  not  fully  endowed 
with  words,  and  amidst  the  shackles  of  rhyme  and  metre  which 
he  had  not  learned  to  manage.  Hence,  of  all  our  poets  he  may  be 
reckoned  the  most  obscure;  in  aiming  at  condensation  he  becomes 
elliptical  beyond  the  bounds  of  the  language,  and  his  rhymes, 
being  forced  for  the  sake  of  sound,  leave  all  meaning  behind.  Lord 
Brooke's  poetry  is  chiefly  worth  notice  as  an  indication  of  that 
thinking  spirit  upon  political  science  which  was  to  produce  the 
riper  speculations  of  Hobbes,  and  Harrington,  and  Locke." — Hal- 
lam's  Lit.  Hist,  of  Europe. 

"  As  to  Fulke  Greville,  he  is  like  nothing  but  one  of  his  own 
'  Prologues  spoken  by  the  ghost  of  an  old  king  of  Ormus,'  a  truly 
formidable  and  inviting  personage:  his  style  is  apocalyptical, 
cabalistical,  a  knot  worthy  of  such  an  apparition  to  untie ;  and 
for  the  unravelling  a  passage  or  two,  I  would  stand  the  brunt  of 
an  encounter  with  so  portentous  a  commentator." — HazlM's  Table 
Talk :  Of  Persons  One  Would  Wish  to  Have  Seen. 

Greville,  Fulke,  grandson  of  the  fifth  Lord  Brooke, 
and  husband  of  Mrs.  Frances  Greville.  1.  Maxims,  Cha 
racters,  and  Reflections,  Lon.  1757,  '68,  8vo. 

"A  work  of  considerable  reputation." — Lon.Month.Rev.,Nov.nQQ. 

2.  Reflection;    a  Poem,    1790,  4to.     3.  Letter   to   the 
Monthly  Reviewers,  1790,  8vo.     See  Lon.  Month.  Rev., 
ubi  supra. 

Greville,  Henry F.  Polit.,<fcc.works,18p4-ll,all8vo. 

Greville,  Robert,  Lord  Brooke,  slain  in  the  Parlia 
mentary  army  at  Lichfield  in  1643,  in  his  thirty-fifth  year, 
was  the  adopted  heir  and  successor  to  his  cousin  Fulke 
Greville,  Lord  Brooke.  1.  The  Nature  of  Truth,  Lon., 
1641,  8vo.  2.  A  Discourse  opening  the  Nature  of  that 
Episcopie  which  is  Exercised  in  England,  1641,  4to. 

"  Assisted  therein  by  some  puritanical  minister,  and  printed 
when  the  press  was  open  to  receive  all  books  against  the  preroga 
tive  and  bishops."— Athen.  Oxon. 

"  Dedicated  to  the  parliament  by  him  who,  both  for  his  life  and 
for  his  death,  deserves  that  what  advice  he  left  should  not  lie  by 
without  perusal." — JOHN  MILTON  :  Prose  Works,  q.  v. 

3.  Two  Speeches  at  Guildhall,  1642,  4to.     4.  Answer  to 
the  Speech  of  Philip,  Earl  of  Pembroke,  <fcc.,  1642,  4to. 
Not  the  production  of  Greville,  but  drawn  up  by  the  Earl 
of  Clarendon  as  containing  Greville's  sentiments.  5.  Speech 
at  Election,  1643,  4to. 

Lord  Clarendon  considered  that  Greville's  death  was  a 
judgment  of  Providence  : 

"  It  is  observable  that  the  same  man  who  was  by  one  party 
looked  upon  as  a  monument  of  divine  vengeance  was  by  the 
other  reverenced  as  a  saint.  Baxter  has  placed  Lord  Brooke  in 
heaven  together  with  White,  Pym,  and  Hampden." — Granger's 
Biog.  Hist,  of  Eng. 

"  A  person  who  for  the  nobleness  of  his  extraction,  and  many 
personal  endowments,  deserved  a  better  fate;  at  least  to  have 
fallen  in  a  better  cause ;  and  who,  had  he  lived,  (it  is  believed  by 
his  friends,)  would  soon  have  seen  through  the  pretences  of  a 
faction." — Sir  Wm.  Dugdale's  Baronage. 

But  this  supposition  elicits  the  violent  indignation  of 
Horace  Walpole : 

"  There  is  not  the  least  reason  to  suppose  that  this  Lord  Brooke 
would  have  abandoned  his  principles." — B.  and  N.  Authors,  q.  v. 

See  also  Biog.  Brit.;  Lloyd's  State  Worthies;  Lord 
Clarendon's  Life  and  Hist. ;  Lodge's  Illust. 

Greville,  Robert  Kaye.  1.  The  Scottish  Crypto- 
gamic  Flora,  Edin.,  1822-28.  6  vols.  r.  8vo,  360  plates, 

739 


ORE 


GRE 


col'd  £16  16«. ;  uncol'd,  £10  10».  This  should  accompany  j  pole's  R.  and  N.  Authors  ;  Lowndes's  Bibl.  Man. ;  Nichols's 
the  36  vols  of  Sowerby's  En°>li«h  Botany,  which  work  does  j  Leicestershire  under  Broadgate  Park;  and  see  conclusion 
not  comprehend  Cryptoganfous  Plants.  Greville's  work  '  -f  *»•"  "•««i-  A  1*1^,,^  ™iv  hotw^n  «ivt««n  ™,i  .«»»«_ 
is  of  the  highest  authority  : 


"  A  truly  admirable  work,  whether  we  consider  the  importance 
•  its  f»ritin»l  rlisrMissinns.  the  accuracy  of  the  drawings,  or  the 


of  its  critical  discussions,  the  accuracy  of  the  drawings, 
minuteness  of  the  analyses." — London's  Garden.  Mag. 
2.  Flora  Edinensis ;    Plants  of  Edinburgh,  1824, 


8vo. 


3.  Algaa  Britannicse,  8vo.  4.  K.  K.  U.  ana  &  vym.  j. 
Hooker.  Icones  Filicum ;  or,  Figures  and  Descrip.  of  Ferns, 
Ac.,  1829-31,  2  vols.  fol.,  240  plates ;  col'd,  £25  4*. ;  un 
col'd,  £12  12«.  This  is  Sir  Wm.  J.  Hooker's  greatest 
work,  v.  n. 

Grew,  J.,  M.D.     Yellow  Fever  at  Gibraltar,  Ac. 
Grew,  Nehemiah,  M.D.,  1628  ?-1711,  an  eminent 
vegetable  anatomist  and  physiologist,  was  a  son  of  the  ! 
Rev.  Dr.  Obadiah  Grew,  (see  post.)    He  was  a  man  of  great 
learning  and  piety,  and  in  his  writings  endeavoured  to 
lead  his  readers 

"  From  Nature  up  to  Nature's  God." 

1.  The  Anatomy  of  Vegetables,  Lon.,  1672,  8vo.  2.  Ana 
tomy  of  Plants,  1672,  8vo.  3.  Idea  of  a  Phytological 
Hist,  of  Plants,  Ac.,  1673,  '75,  '77,  8vo.  4.  Anatomy  of 
Plants,  Ac.,  1682,  fol. 

"  The  first  book  of  his  Anatomy  of  Plants,  which  is  the  title 
given  to  three  separate  works,  when  published  collectively  in  1682, 
contains  the  whole  of  his  physiological  theory,  which  is  developed 
at  length  in  those  that  follow.  The  nature  of  vegetation  and  its 
processes  seem  to  have  been  unknown  when  he  began,  save  that 
common  observation  and  the  more  accurate  experience  of  gardeners 
and  others  must  have  collected  the  obvious  truths  of  vegetable 
anatomy."— Hattam's  Lit.  Hist,  of  Europe,  q.  v. 

For  an  account  of  Grew  and  his  other  works,  see  Biog. 
Brit,  j  Ward's  Gresham ;  Rees's  Cyc. ;  Funl.  Serm.,  by 
Shower.  Grew  tells  us  that  his  Cosmologia  Sacra  was  writ 
ten  chiefly  to  demonstrate  the  truth  and  excellency  of  the 
Bible. 

Grew,  Obadiah,  D.D.,  1&07-1698,  father  of  the  pre 
ceding,  minister  of  St.  Michael's,  Coventry,  was  ejected  at 
the  Restoration,  for  nonconformity.  1.  Serm.,  1663,  4to. 
2.  Serm.,  1670,  8vo.  3.  Meditations  upon  the  Parable  of 
the  Prodigal  Son,  1678,  4to. 

Grey.  The  Essential  Principles  of  the  Wealth  of  Na 
tions  ;  Illustrated  in  opposition  to  some  False  Doctrines 
of  Dr.  Adam  Smith  and  others,  1797,  8vo. 

Grey,  Earl.  The  Colonial  Policy  of  Lord  J.  Rus 
sell's  Administration,  Lon.,  1853,  2  vols.  8vo;  2d  ed.,  with 
addits.,  1855,  2  vols.  8vo. 

Grey,  Mrs.  Colonel,  has  fairly  earned  a  title  to  be 
ranked  as  one  of  the  most  popular  novelists  of  the  day. 
Among  her  works  (pub.  1839-58)  are — 1.  Alice  Seymour. 
2.  Aline.  3.  Belle  of  the  Family.  4.  Bosom  Friend.  5. 
Daughters.  6.  Duke  and  the  Cousin.  7.  Gambler's  Wife. 
8.  Hyacinthe.  9.  Little  Wife,  and  The  Baronet's  Daugh 
ters.  10.  Mary  Seaham.  11.  Old  Country  House.  12.  Old 
Dower  House.  13.  Rectory  Guest.  14.  Sibyl  Leonard.  15. 
Young  Prima  Donna.  16.  Young  Husband.  17.  Two  Hearts. 
Grey,  Arthur,  Lord.  Services  of  Wm.,  Lord  Grey 
of  Wilton.  Edit,  by  Sir  P.  de  Malpas  G.  Egerton,  Camden 
Soc.,  Lon.,  1847,  4to. 

Grey,  Auchitell,  thirty  years  M.P.  for  the  county 
of  Derby.  Debates  of  the  House  of  Commons,  1667- 
94,  Lon.,  1763,  10  vols.  8vo. 

Grey,  Ford  Lord.  1-5.  Pamphlets,  1738-50;  see 
Lowndes's  Bibl.  Man.  6.  The  Secret  Hist,  of  the  Rye- 
House  Plot  and  of  Monmouth's  Rebellion,  1754,  8vo. 

Grey,  Capt.  Sir  George,  K.C.B.,  1848;  Lieut.-Gov 
S.  Australia,  1841;  Gov.  of  New  Zealand,  1846;  Gov.,  Ac 
of  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope,  1854.  1.  Journals  of  Two  Ex 
peditions  in  N.W.  and  Western  Australia  in  1837-39,  Lon. 
1841,  2  vols.  8vo. 

"We  have  rarely  seen  a  more  interesting  book." — Lon.  Examiner 
2.  Vocabulary  of  the  Dialect  of  S.W.  Australia,  1841 
18mo.  3.  Polynesian  Mythology,  and  Ancient  Traditiona 
Hist,  of  the  New  Zealand  Race,  1855,  p.  8vo.  "Valuable 
as  presenting  many  points  of  affinity  between  the  Poly 
nesian  and  other  mythologies."  See  a  Letter  to  Sir  George 
by  Sir  T.  Tancred,  (on  Criminals,)  and  another  by  R.  B 
Sanderson,  Jun.,  (on  Apprenticeship,)  both  1857,  8vo. 

G/T!>  *^dv£  Jftne»  153*-1554,  a  descendant  of  Ed 
ward  IV.  a^nd  Henry  VII.,  and  still  more  illustrious  fo. 
her  virtues  and  accomplishments,  has  already  lar°-eh 
claimed  our  notice  in  our  Life  of  ROGER  ASCHAM.  Hei 
Literary  Remains— which  consist  of  Latin  Epistles  am 
Verses,  English  Letters,  devout  treatises,  Ac.— were  pub 
in  1  vol.  p,  8yo,  1825,  by  Sir  N.  H.  Nicolas.  In  addition 
to  the  histories  of  England,  see  Biog.  Brit. ;  Fox's  Mar 
tyrsj  Ballard's  Memoirs;  Strype's  Memoirs ;  Park's  Wai 


of  this  article.  Although  only  between  sixteen  and  seven 
teen  years  of  age  at  the  time  of  her  death,  Lady  Jane 
was  one  of  the  best  scholars  England  has  produced. 
Edward  VI.  was  considered  a  prodigy  of  learning,  but 
Lady  Jane  far  excelled  him.  Indeed,  the  fame  of  this 
learned  child  was  sounded  throughout  Europe,  and  was 
the  pride  of  the  great  Latinists  and  Grecians  at  home  : 

"The  French,  Italian,  Latin,  and  Greek,  especially,  were  as 
natural  to  her  as  her  own ;  for  she  not  only  understood  them  per 
fectly,  but  spoke  and  wrote  them  with  the  greatest  freedom ;  and 
this  not  in  the  opinion  of  superficial  judges,  but  of  Mr.  Aschain 
and  Dr.  Aylmer,  men  who  in  point  of  veracity  are  as  much  above 
suspicion  as  in  respect  to  their  abilities  they  were  incapable  of 
being  deceived :  men  who  for  their  learning  were  the  wonder  of 
their  own  times  and  of  ours;  the  former  famous  for  Koman  accu 
racy,  the  latter  one  of  the  severest  criticks  in  those  learned  times. 
She  was  versed  likewise  in  Hebrew,  Chaldee,  and  Arabic,  and  all 
this  while  a  perfect  child."— Biog.  Brit. 

"Aristotle's  praise  of  women  is  perfected  in  her.  She  possesses 
good  manners,  prudence,  and  a  love  of  labour.  She  possesses 
every  talent  without  the  least  weakness  of  her  sex.  She  speaks 
French  and  Italian  as  well  as  she  does  English.  She  writes 
eadily  and  with  propriety.  She  has  more  than  once  spoken 
Greek  to  me." — ROGER  ASCHAM. 

She  had  the  innocency  of  childhood,  the  beauty  of  youth,  the 
olidity  of  middle,  the  gravity  of  old,  age ;  ...  the  birth  of  a 
rincess,  the  learning  of  a  clerk,  the  life  of  a  saint,  yet  the  death 
)f  a  martyr  for  her  parents'  offences." — Fuller's  Holy  State. 

The  following  work  contains  some  letters,  Ac.  of  Lady 
Jane's,  and  interesting  details  respecting  her  history  and 
that  of  the  time :— Historia  de  la  Vita  e  de  la  Morte  de 
Illustriss.  Signora  Giovanna  Graia  gia  Regina  eletta  e 
sublicata  d'Inghilterra,  Ac.,  por  Michel-angelo  Florio. 
Appresso  Richardo  Pittore,  1607,  sm.  8vo. 

Grey,  Lt.-Col.  John.  Polit.  Tracts,  Lon.,  1810, 
aoth  8vo. 

Grey,  Maria  G.,  and  her  sister  Emily  Shirreff. 
Thoughts  on  Self-Culture,  addressed  to  Women,  Lon., 
1850,  '54,  2  vols.  p.  8vo. 

"  We  have  never  perused  a  work  addressed  to  women  more  full 
of  practical  common  sense." — Ladies'  (Amer.)  National  Mag. 

Grey,  Nicholas,  1590-1660,  a  native  of  London, 
Master  of  the  Charterhouse  School,  1614;  of  Merchant 
Taylors'  School,  1624;  of  Eton,  1631;  ejected  during  the 
Rebellion,  and  restored  at  the  Restoration.  1.  Luculenta 
e  Sacra  Scriptura,  Ac.,  Lon.,  1647,  '66,  8vo.  2.  A  Dic 
tionary  in  Lat.-Eng.  and  Eng.-Lat.  3.  Parabolas  Evan- 
gelicaB,  Ac.,  8vo. 

"Noted  for  a  pure  Latinist  and  Grecian." — Athen.  Oxon.,  q.  v.; 
and  see  Wilson's  Hist,  of  Merchant  Taylors'  School ;  Harwood's 
Alumni  Etonenses. 

Grey,  Richard,  D.D.,  1694-1771,  a  native  of  New 
castle,  entered  of  Lincoln  Coll.,  Oxf.,  1712 ;  Rector  of  Hin- 
ton,  Northamptonshire,  1721;  became  Rector  of  Kincote, 
Leicestershire,  and  Preb.  of  St.  Paul's.  His  principal 
works  are  :— 1.  Memoria  Technica,  Lon.,  1730,  '32,  '75,  '92. 
Last  ed.,  1851, 12mo.  Abridged  by  J.  H.  Todd,  1840, 18mo. 
2.  Eng.  Eccles.  Law,  1730,  '32,  '36,  '43,  8vo.  The  last  is 
the  best  ed.  3.  Hebrew  without  Points,  1738,  8vo.  4.  Liber 
Jobi,  in  Versiculos  Metrice  Divisus,  Ac.,  1742,  8vo. 
"  A  learned  and  valuable  work." — Home's  Bibl.  Bib. 
Grey's  Liber  Jobi  was  criticized  by  Mr. — afterwards 
Bishop — Warburton,  and  Gray  responded  in  (5)  An  An- 
swer'to  Mr.  Warburton's  Remarks,  Ac.,  1744,  8vo. 

"  Dr.  Grey  was  a  disciple  of  Schultens  and  Hare.  In  his  Job  he 
adopts  the  translation  of  the  former  and  the  metrical  arrange 
ment  of  the  latter." — Orme's  Bibl.  Bib. 

6.  The  Last  Words  of  David,  divided  according  to  the 
Metre,  with  Notes  Crit.  and  Explan.,  1749,  4to. 

"Ingenious  and  elegant,  and  was  intended  as  a  specimen  of  a 
translation  of  the  poetical  passages  of  the  Old  Testament,  but 
•which  I  believe  was  never  published."—  Orme's  Bibl.  Bib. 
Dr.  Grey  pub.  a  number  of  sermons,  Ac. 
Grey,  Robert  Hyde.     1.  Scotch  Farming  in  the 
Lothians,  Lon.,  1842,  8vo.     2.  Scotch  Farming  in  Eng 
land,  1842,  8vo.     See  Donaldson's  Agricult.  Biog. 
Grey,  Thomas.     Serm.,  1685,  4to. 
Grey,  Thomas,  Earl  of  Stamford.    Speech  at  the 
Quarter  Sessions,  Leicester,  Lon.,  1692,  4to. 
Grey,  Thomas.     Serm.,  1715,  12mo. 
Grey,   Thomas   de.     1.  The   Compleat   Horseman 
and  Expert  Farrier,  1651,  '56,  '70,  4to.     2.  Expert  Far 
rier,  1752,  8vo. 

Grey,  Wm.  Chorographia ;  or,  a  Survey  of  New- 
castle-upon-Tyne,  Newcast.,  1649,  sm.  4to;  1813,  sm.  fol. 
Reprinted  in  Harleian  Miscell.,  vol.  iii. 

Grey,  Sir  Wm.  de.     The  Gout,  Lon.,  1772,  8vo. 
Grey,  Zachary,  LL.D.,  1687-1766,  educated  at  Jesus 
Coll.,  Camb.,  became  Rector  of  Houghton  Conquest,  Bed 
fordshire,  and  Vicar  of  St.  Peter's  and  St.  Giles's,  Cam 
bridge.     His  best-known  work — the  edit,  of  Hudibras — 


GRE 


GRI 


has  been  already  noticed  in  our  life  of  SAMTTEL 
Among  his  other  publications  are  An  Examination  of  the 
2d,  3d,  and  4th  books,  <fcc.  of  Neal's  Hist,  of  the  Puritans, 
(pub.  by  Grey,  1736,  '37,  '39,  '44,)  many  pieces  against 
the  Dissenters,  and  several  pamphlets  against  Bishop  War- 
burton,  Oldmixon,  Ac.  Grey  was  a  contributor  to  Peck's 
Desiderata,  and  assisted  Whalley  in  his  ed.  of  Shakspeare. 
For  a  detailed  account  of  his  literary  labours  consult 
Nichols's  Lit.  Anec. ;  Cole's  MS.  Athenas  in  Brit  Museum  ; 
Chalmers's  Biog.  Diet. 

Warburton's  attack  on  Grey's  Hudibras  was  not  consi 
dered  especially  complimentary.  In  his  Preface  to  Shak 
speare  he  does  not  hesitate  to  say  that  he 

"Hardly  thinks  there  ever  appeared  in  any  learned  language 
so  execrable  a  heap  of  nonsense  under  the  name  of  Commentaries 
as  hath  lately  been  given  us  on  this  satiric  poet." 
Fielding  refers  to  our  author  as 

"The  laborious,  much-read  Dr.  Zachary  Grey,  of  whose  abun 
dant  notes  to  Hudibras  I  shall  only  say  that  it  is,  I  am  confident, 
the  single  book  extant  in  which  above  500  authors  are  quoted 
not  one  of  which  could  be  found  in  the  collection  of  the  late  Dr. 
Mead." — Preface  to  Voyage  to  Lisbon. 
Yet  Dr.  Warton  remarks  that 

"If  Butler  is  worth  reading  he  is  worth  explaining;  and  the  re 
searches  used  for  so  valuable  and  elegant  a  purpose  merit  the  thanks 
of  genius  and  candour,  not  the  satire  of  prejudice  and  ignorance." 
Greyson,  T.     Obs.  on  the  V.  Disease,  1796,  8vo. 
Grice,  Charles  Valentine  Le.     See  LE  GRICE. 
Grice,  Thomas.     Short  Vindic.  of  the  Constit.  of 
the  Ch.  of  Eng.,  Lon.,  1689,  4to. 

Gridley,  Jeremiah,  d.  1767,  Attorney-General  of 
the  Province  of  Massachusetts,  a  distinguished  lawyer, 
wrote  many  articles  of  great  merit  in  The  Weekly  Re 
hearsal,  pub.  in  Boston,  1731,  <fcc.,  of  which  he  was  editor. 
See  Thomas's  Hist,  of  Printing;  Mass.  Hist.  Soc.  Coll., 
1st  series,  iii.  301,  v.  212;  Bost.  Postboy,  Sept.  14,  1767; 
Minot,  i.  88-90  ;  Gordon,  i.  141  ;  Allen's  Amer.  Biog.  Diet. 
Grier,  Rev.  Richard.  1.  Answer  to  Ward's  Errata 
of  the  Prot  Bible,  Lon.,  1812,  4to.  2.  Epit.  of  the  General 
Councils  of  the  Church,  325-1563,  Ac.,  Dubl.,  1828,  8vo. 

"A  very  useful  compendium,  particularly  to  those  who  have 
not  the  opportunity  of  consulting  the  great  collections." — Bicker- 
Steffi's  C.  S. 

Grier,  Wm.  1.  Mechanics'  Pocket  Dictionary,  Edin., 
12mo.  2.  Mechanics'  Calculator,  12mo. 

"We  do  not  know  a  more  useful  companion  than  this  work 
would  prove  to  all  persons  going  out  to  new  or  thinly-peopled 
countries." — Metropol.  Mag. 

Grierson,  Constantia,  d.  1733,  aged  27,  a  native 
of  Kilkenny,  born  in  an  humble  sphere  of  life,  attained 
celebrity  by  her  learning  and  piety.  Her  husband,  George 
Grierson,  was  a  printer  in  Dublin,  and  Lord  Carteret  gave 
the  family  the  lucrative  patent  office  of  King's  Printer  in 
Ireland.  The  patent  expired  in  1846.  1.  An  ed.  of  Taci 
tus,  Dubl.,  1730,  3  vols.  8vo.  Dedicated  to  Lord  Carteret. 
"  Dr.  Harwood  esteems  her  Tacitus  one  of  the  best-edited  books 
ever  published." 

2.  An  ed.  of  Terence.  Dedicated  to  Lord  Carteret's  son, 
to  whom  she  also  wrote  a  Greek  epigram.  See  Ballard's 
Memoirs  ;  Gibber's  Lives ;  Pref.  to  Mrs.  Barber's  Poems  ; 
Boswell's  Life  of  Johnson. 

Grierson,  James,  M.D.  1.  Delineation  of  St  An 
drew's,  1807,  12mo.  2.  Mineralogical  con.  to  Thorn.  Ann. 
Philos.,  1813,  '14,  '17. 

Grierson,  Rev.  James.  Treatise  on  the  Lord's 
Supper,  Edin.,  1839,  fp.  8vo. 

"  The  addresses  are  very  scriptural."— .Bain.  Chris.  Instruc. 
Grieve,  James,  M.D.     1.  Trans,  of  Celsus,  Of  Medi 
cine,  Lon.,  1756,  8vo.     2.  Hist,  of  Kamtschatka,  &c.,  from 
the  Russian  of  Kraskeninicoff,  1763,  4to.     Glouces.,  1764, 
4to.     Also  pub.  at  St  Petersburg. 

Grieve,  John,  M.D.     1.  Dropsy;  Med.  Com.,  1785. 
2.  Koumiss  Wine;  Trans.  Soc.,  Edin.,  1788. 
Grieve,  Wm.     Con.  to  Med.  Com.,  1785. 
G  riffles,  Thomas.     The  Journey  to  Brighton;  an 
Heroic-Comic  Poem,  Lon.,  1788,  4to. 

Griffin,  Rev.  Mr.     Future  State,  Lon.,  1755,  8vo. 
Griffin,  Anthony.     Astrolog.  Judgment,  1655,  8vo. 
Griffin,  B.     Fidessa  more  Chaste  than  Kinde,  1596, 
16mo ;     Chiswick,   1815.      100   copies   printed,   with   an 
advertisement  by  Mr.  Singer.     This  is  a  collection  of 
amatory  sonnets. 

Griffin,  Rev.  Edmund  Dorr,  1804-1830,  a  native 
of  Wyoming,  Pennsylvania,  was  the  son  of  George  Griffin, 
LL.D.,  a  member  of  the  New  York  Bar,  and  the  author 
of  a  volume  pub.  in  1850,  entitled  The  Gospel  Its  Own 
Advocate,  N.  York,  12mo.  The  subject  of  this  notice 
entered  Columbia  Coll.,  N.  York,  1819;  graduated,  1823; 
ordained  deacon  in  the  Episcopal  Church,  1826.  On  his 
return  from  a  trip  to  Europe  in  1830,  taken  with  the  hope 


of  benefiting  his  health,  he  delivered  a  course  of  lectures 
in  Columbia  College  on  Roman,  Italian,  and  English  Lite 
rature,  which  gave  great  satisfaction.  Literary  remains, 
edited  by  his  brother,  F.  Griffin,  with  a  Memoir  by  Rev. 
John  McVickar,  D.D.,  N.  York,  1831,  2  vols.  Svo.  These 
vols.  contain  poems,  journals  from  his  tour  in  Europe,  and 
extracts  from  his  lectures. 

"  We  cannot  doubt  for  a  moment  that  thousands  of  British  hearts 
will  be  touched  with  affection  and  esteem  for  the  delightful  character 
of  their  American  brother." — BtackwoocTs  Mag. 

An  interesting  notice  of  Griffin,  and  a  review  of  his 
Literary  Remains,  by  Wm.  Cullen  Bryant,  will  be  found 
in  the  N.  Amer.  Rev.,  xxxiv.  119-144.  See  also  a  paper 
by  Rev.  N.  L.  Frothingham,  in  Chris.  Exam.,  xi.  270,  and 
one  by  R.  Palmer,  in  Chris.  Quar.  Rev.,  iii.  651. 

Griffin,  Edward  Dorr,  D.D.,  1770-1837,  President 
of  Williams  College,  Mass.,  1821-36,  had  previously  to  his 
election  been  Prof,  of  Pulpit  Eloquence  in  the  Theolog.  Sem. 
at  Andover,  and  was  settled  as  a  minister  both  at  Newark 
and  Boston.  Sixty  Serms.  on  Prac.  Subjects,  N.Y.,  8vo. 

"  One  of  the  most  popular  pulpit  orators  America  has  produced. 
He  had  taste,  and  feeling,  and  enthusiasm,  and  his  powers  of  de 
scription  were  unrivalled." — English  notice.  See  the  Life  of  Dr. 
Griffin,  by  Rev.  W.  B.  Sprague,  pub.  in  N.  York. 

Griffin,  Edward  Loggin.  Original  instruments  rel. 
to  the  diocese  of  Gloucester,  Cirenc.,  1720,  Svo. 

Griffin,  Eliz.     Juvenile  Tales,  Ac.,  1799,  Ac. 

Griffin,  Frederick.  Junius  Discovered,  Bost,  1854, 
12mo.  See  JUNTTJS. 

Griffin,  George,  LL.D.  The  Gospel  its  own  Advo 
cate,  N.  York,  1850,  12mo.  See  GRIFFIN,  REV.  EDMUND  D. 

Griffin,  Gerald,  1803-1840,  a  novelist  of  some  note, 
was  a  native  of  Limerick,  emigrated  to  London  in  his 
twentieth  year,  and  became  first  a  reporter  for  the  daily 
press,  and  subsequently  an  author.  In  1838  he  joined  the 
Christian  Brotherhood  (R.  Catholic)  of  Cork,  and  two  years 
later  was  cut  off  by  a  fever.  His  first  publication— Holland- 
Tide,  or  Munster  Popular  Tales — appeared  in  1827;  and 
their  reception  was  so  encouraging  that  be  was  induced  to 
give  to  the  world,  in  the  same  year,  his  Tales  of  the  Mun 
ster  Festivals.  The  contents  of  the  collective  ed.  of  his 
works,  pub.  in  8  vols.  fp.  8vo,  1842-43,  and  again  in  1846, 
are  as  follows :  Vol.  I.  Life,  by  his  Brother.  II.  Collegians. 
III.  Card-Drawing;  The  Half  Sir;  Suil-Dhuv.  IV.  The 
Rivals;  Tracy's  Ambition.  V.Holland-Tide.  VI.  Duke 
of  Monmouth.  VII.  Tales  of  the  Jury-Room.  VIII. 
Poetry.  To  the  first  vol.  of  above  series,  and  to  Miss  Mit- 
ford's  Recollections  of  a  Literary  Life,  we  must  refer  the 
reader  for  further  information  respecting  Griffin  and  his  lite 
rary  labours.  See  also  Dublin  Univ.  Mag.,  xxiii.  157-170. 

"The  author  of  the  Collegians  must  live;  and  as  an  able  de? 
lineator  of  our  national  feelings — as  an  expounder  of  that  subtlest 
of  problems,  the  Irish  heart— he  cannot  be  forgotten;  but  with 
|  Carleton,  and  Banim,  and  Miss  Edgeworth,  and  one  or  two  more, 
he  will  take  his  place  in  our  Irish  firmament,  and  form  a  portion 
of  that  galaxy  to  which  we  are  wont  to  look  with  wonder  and 
pride." — Dublin  Univ.  Mag.,  ubi  supra. 

"  The  book  that,  above  any  other,  speaks  to  me  of  the  trials,  the 
sufferings,  the  broken  heart  of  a  man  of  genius,  is  that  Life  of 
Gerald  Griffin,  written  by  a  brother  worthy  of  him,  which  precedes 
the  only  edition  of  his  collected  works."— Miss  MITFORD  :  ubi  supra. 

Griffin,  Gregory.  The  Microcosm;  a  Periodical 
Work,  by  G.  G.,  2d  ed.,  1786,  8vo;  1787,  8vo;  Windsor, 
1788,  Svo  ;  1790,  2  vols.  12mo.  Written  by  four  Etonians, 
John  Smith,  George  Canning,  Robert  Smith>  and  John 
Frere,  with  occasional  assistance  from  other  Etonians. 

Griffin,  John,  1769-1834,  minister  of  an  Independent 
congregation  at  Portsea,  wrote  some  theolog.  treatises,  <fcc. 
Memoirs  and  Remains  of,  by  his  sons,  Lon.,  1840,  Svo. 

"It  may  be  fairly  placed  with  the  lives  of  Matthew  and  Philip 
Henry,  and  Thomas  Scott,  and  works  of  that  profitable  character." 
— Lon.  Evangel.  Mag. 

Griffin,  John  J.  The  Radical  Theory  of  Chemistry, 
cr.  Svo. 

Griffin,  Robert.     Interest  Tables,  Lon.,  1775,  Svo. 

Griffin,  W.     Culture  of  the  Pine-Apple,  1810,  Svo. 

Griffinhoof,  Arthur.  The  Maskers  of  Moorfields : 
a  Vision,  1815. 

Griffith,  Capt.  Military  Law,  Proceed,  of  Courts- 
Martial,  Ac.,  Lon.,  1841,  12mo. 

Griffith,  Alex.  Strena  Vavasoriensis ;  an  account  of 
the  doctrine,  <fec.  of  Vavasor  Powell,  Ac.,  Lon.,  1654,  4to. 
Other  theolog.  works. 

Griffith,  Amyas.     Tythes,  Lon.,  1787,  Svo. 

Griffith,  C.,  M.D.     Walcheren  Fever,  Lon.,  1810,  Svo. 

Griffith,  Edward.  1.  Vertebrated  and  Carnivorous 
Animals,  Lon.,  1821,  2  vols.  r.  Svo.  2.  Cuvier's  Animal 
Kingdom;  trans,  by  E.  G.  and  others.  16  vols.  in  demy 
Svo,  £26  8*. ;  in  r.  Svr,  col'd,  £51  12*. ;  in  demy  4to,  In 
dia  proof,  £52  16«,  pp.  9000,  814  engravings. 


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Griffith,  Edward.  1.  Ancient  Records,  Ac.,  Lon., 
1827,  Svo.  2.  Exeinp.  from  Poor  Rates,  1830,  8vo. 

Griffith,  Mrs.  Elizabeth,  d.  1793,  a  lady  of  Welsh 
descent,  acquired  some  eminence  as  a  novelist.  She  wrote, 
in  conjunction  with  her  husband,  Richard  Griffith,  The 
Letters  of  Henry  and  Frances,  and  two  novels,  Delicate 
Dishes  and  The  Gordian  Knot.  Mrs.  G.  also  wrote  a  num 
ber  of  other  works,  among  which  are  Lady  Barton  ;  Juli 
ana  Harley  ;  some  dramas  ;  The  Morality  of  Shakspeare's 
Dramas  Illustrated,  Ac.  See  Lon.  Gent.  Mag.,  xl.  264; 
Ixiii.  104;  Victor's  Works;  Miss  Seward's  Letters;  Biog. 
Dramat 

Griffith,  Evan.  Serm.  at  the  Funl.  of  Sir  Matt.  Hale, 
on  Isa.  Ivii.  1,  Lon.,  1677,  4to. 

Griffith,  George,  Bishop  of  St.  Asaph.  Discourses 
on  the  Lord's  Supper;  edit,  by  A.  Allam,  Oxon.,  1684,  Svo. 

Griffith,  George,  D.D.  Guedder  Arglwydd  Wedi  ei 
Hegluro  ;  mewn  amry  w  ymadroddion,  neu  Bregetheu  Byr- 
rion,  Rhydychen,  1685,  Svo. 

Griffith,  Major,  and  Mrs.  George  Darby.    A 
Journey  from  India  across  the  Desert,  Lon.,  1844,  2  vols. 
Svo. 
"  We  cordially  commend  this  work."  —  Lon.  Globe. 

Griffith,  Guyon.     Con.  to  Archseol.,  1770,  '74,  '76. 

Griffith,  Henry,  d.  1788,  was  the  author  of  several 
novels. 

Griffith,  J.  W.,  M.D.  1.  Urinary  Deposits,  Lon., 
1843,  12mo.  2.  Manual  on  the  Blood,  1846,  12mo.  3.  By 
J.  W.  Griffith  and  Arthur  Henfrey,  Micrographic  Dic 
tionary,  1854-56,  sm.  4to.  A  work  of  great  value. 

Griffith,  John.     Theolog.  treatises,  Lon.,  1655,  '81. 

Griffith,  John.     Serms.  and  Discourses,  1701-07. 

Griffith,  John,  a  preacher  in  the  Society  of  Friends, 
came  to  America  in  1726,  and  travelled  through  N.  Jersey, 
Penna.,  Ac.  1.  Brief  Remarks,  Lon.,  1764,  8vo.  2.  A 
Journal  of  his  Life,  Travels,  and  Labours  in  the  Work  of 
the  Ministry,  1779,  Svo. 

Griffith,  John,  M.D.  1.  French  Monuments,  1803, 
Svo.  2.  Travels  in  Europe,  Asia  Minor,  and  Arabia,  Lon., 
1805,  4to.  These  travels  have  been  trans,  into  French. 
3.  Worm-Shells;  Phil.  Trans.,  1806. 

Griffith,  John.     Serms.,  Lon.,  1823,  all  4to. 

Griffith,  Julia.  Autographs  for  Freedom,  edited  by 
J.  G.,  N.  York,  12mo. 

Griffith,  Matthew,  D.D.  Serms.,  Ac.,  Lon.,  1632- 
65,  all  4to. 

Griffith,  Mattie.  Poems,  now  first  collected,  N.  York, 
1852,  12mo. 

Griffith,  Michael.    See  ALFORD. 

Griffith,  Moses,  M.D.    Fevers,  1776,  '95,  Svo. 

Griffith,  Owen.     Funl.  Serm.,  1681,  Svo. 

Griffith,  Richard.  A-la-mode  Phlebotomy  no  good 
Fashion,  Lon.,  1681,  Svo. 

Griffith,  Richard,  an  Irishman,  the  husband  of 
ELIZABETH  GRIFFITH,  q.  v.  The  Triumvirate,  1764,  2  vols. 
12mo.  A  disreputable  novel.  He  pub.  some  other  works 
in  conjunction  with  his  wife. 

Griffith,  Richard.     Med.  treatises,  Lon.,  1792,  Svo. 

Griffith,  Richard.     Inland  Navigation,  1795. 

Griffith,  Richard,  Jr.  Geolog.  and  Mining  Surveys, 
Dubl.,  1814-18,  2  vols.  Svo. 

Griffith,  Robert.     Serms.,  Ac.,  1711-21. 

Griffith,  Robert  Egglesfield,  M.D.,  of  Philadel 
phia.  1.  Medical  Botany,  Phila.,  1847,  Svo.  2.  Universal 
Formulary,  2d  ed.,  pub.  after  the  decease  of  the  author; 
edited  by  Robert  P.  Thomas,  M.D.,  1856,  Svo.  Dr.  Griffith, 
in  addition  to  other  professional  literary  labours,  edited 
medical  works  of  Muller,  Taylor,  Christison,  Garrad, 
Payne,  Ac. 

Griffith,  Roger.     River  Thames,  Lon.,  1746,  Svo. 


?'  Jhomas.     Serms.,  1757-73. 
,  Thomas,  minister  of  Ram's  Chapel,  Homer- 
t°n>    ,;„       ta'  °n  Confirmation  and  the  Lord's  Supper, 
Lon.,  1835  12mo.   2.  Serms.,  1838,  12mo.   Much  esteemed. 
Other  works. 

«€!j?fSJ5V*f^F'  o-  TemPles  <>f  Greece,  1843,  r.  Svo; 
3d  ed  ,  1847,  r.  4to.  2  Natural  System  of  Architecture, 
Lon.,  1845,  r.  4to.  3.  Ancient  Gothic  Churches  1847  r 
4to.  4.  Architectural  Botany,  1852  4to 

Griffith,  W.     See  GRYFFITH. 

Griffith,  Wm.     Legal  treatises,  Ac. 

Griffiths,  Charles,  M.D.    Hepatitis,  1816,  Svo. 

Griffiths,  John,  M.D.     See  GRIFFITH. 

Griffiths,  John  Willis,  b.  Oct.  6,  1809,  in  the  city 
Of  New  York,  senior  editor  of  the  Nautical  Magazine.  1. 


Treatise  on  Marine  and  Naval  Architecture ;  or,  Theory 
and  Practice  blended  in  Ship-Building,  N.  York,  1850, 
large  4to,  pp.  420,  50  plates;  4th  ed.,  1854,  2  vols.  sm.  4to. 

"  Not  only  valuable,  but  almost  indispensable,  to  the  modern 
ship-builder."—  Triibner's  Bibl.  Guide  to  Amer.  Lit. 

Also  highly  commended  by  Bell,  Westervelt,  Smith  A 
Dimon,  McKay,  Hart,  and  Skiddy,  eminent  ship-builders 
in  America,  and  by  Mr.  Aug.  Normand,  of  Havre.  2.  Ship- 
Builder's  Manual  and  Nautical  Referee,  1853,  2  vols.  sm. 
4to,  pp.  400. 

Griffiths,  Joshua.  Ordination  serm.,  Lon.,  1754, 8vo. 

Griffiths,  Lemuel.    Fasl  serm.,  1760,  8vo. 

Griffiths,  Ralph,  LL.D.,  d.  1803,  the  editor  and  pro 
prietor  of  the  Monthly  Review,  established  this  work  in 
1749,  and  continued  his  supervision  until  his  death.  The 
Review  lived  almost  a  century — expiring  in  1842.  Much 
interesting  information  relating  to  Griffiths  and  his  Re 
view  will  be  found  in  Prior's  Life  of  Goldsmith,  and  other 
records  of  the  literature  of  the  time;  and  we  may  be  per 
mitted  to  refer  to  an  article  by  the  present  writer,  entitled 
A  Retiew  of  Reviews,  No.  II.,  in  Putnam's  (N.  York) 
Monthly  Magazine  for  March,  1853. 

Griffiths,  Roger.     See  GRIFFITH. 

Griffiths,  Thomas,  Prof,  of  Chemistry  in  the  Med. 
Coll.  of  St.  Bart.  Hospital,  London.  1.  Recreations  in 
Chemistry,  Lon.,  1841,  fp.  Svo ;  1850,  12mo.  2.  Chemistry 
of  the  Four  Ancient  Elements,  1842,  fp.  Svo;  1851,  12mo. 
3.  Chemistry  of  the  Four  Seasons,  1846,  p.  8vo;  1853, 
12mo. 

"  This  volume  illustrates  in  a  simple,  popular,  and  amusing 
manner  the  chemical  physiology  of  plants." — Brit,  and  For.  Med. 
fiev. 

4.  The  Writing-Desk  and  its  Contents,  1844,  fp.  Svo. 
5.  Chemistry  of  the  Crystal  Palace,  1851,  12mo.  6.  Out 
lines  of  Chemistry,  ISmo. 

Griffiths,  Wm.     Farriery,  Wrexham,  1784,  '87,  Svo. 

Griffitts,  Samuel  Powel,  M.D.,  1759-1826,  a  dis 
tinguished  physician  of  Philadelphia,  and  a  native  of  that 
city,  a  .man  of  great  learning,  piety,  and  usefulness,  was 
one  of  the  editors  of  the  (Medical)  Eclectic  Repertory. 
An  interesting  biography  of  Dr.  Griffitts  will  be  found  in 
Thacher's  Amer.  Med.  Biog. 

Griffyth,  John.     Serm.,  Lon.,  1698,  4to. 

Griffyth,  or  Griffith,  W.  Villare  Hibernicum, 
1690,  4to. 

Grigby,  George.  Heights  and  Distances,  Ac., 
1807,  4to. 

Grigg,  or  Greg,  John  or  Wm.  Medical  advice  to 
the  Female  Sex,  Bath,  1789,  '93,  8vo. 

Grigman,  Stephen.     Serm.,  1728,  4to. 

Griggs,  Messrs.  General  View  of  the  Agricult.  of 
the  County  of  Essex,  Lon.,  1794,  4to. 

"  The  information  seems  to  be  sufficiently  correct,  and  the  re 
marks  are  judicious." — Donaldson's  Agricult.  Biog. 

Grigor,  Alexander.  1.  Game  Laws  of  Scotland, 
Edin.,  Svo.  2.  Reports  of  the  Genl.  Assembly  of  Ch.  of 
Scot,  for  1834,  1834,  Svo. 

Grigsby,  Hugh  Blair,  b.  in  Norfolk,  Virginia,  1806, 
son  of  the  Rev.  Benjamin  Grigsby,  was  a  member  of  the 
Virginia  Convention  of  1829-30,  respecting  which  body 
he  wrote  a  Discourse  in  1853,  which  was  delivered  before 
the  Historical  Society  of  Virginia.  He  also  wrote  a  Dis 
course  on  the  Virginia  Convention  of  1776,  which  was 
delivered  before  the  College  of  William  and  Mary  in  Vir 
ginia,  on  the  3d  of  July,  1855 ;  pub.  in  the  same  year. 

"  It  treats  in  a  clear,  concise  style,  which  frequently  rises  to  the 
level  of  high  oratory,  and  which  is  throughout  well  sustained 
and  deeply  attractive,  the  entire  history  of  the  Convention  in 
question,  embracing  admirable  biographies  of  its  members. 
Among  the  many  glimpses  which  we  have  had  of  late  months  of 
Revolutionary  History — thanks  to  the  patriotism  and  zeal  of  our 
Historical  Societies — we  can  recall  none  more  deserving  of  com 
mendation  than  this,  as  set  forth  in  the  volume  before  us.  We 
commend  it  with  the  assurance  that  every  one  interested  in  Ame 
rican  history  will  add  it  to  his  library." 

Mr.  Grigsby  has  contributed  a  number  of  articles  to  the 
Southern  Literary  Messenger;  among  which  is  an  inte 
resting  paper  on  the  Randolph  Library. 

Grim,  C.  F.     Register  of  Deeds,  N.  York,  1822,  Svo. 

Grimald,  Nicholas.     See  GRIMBOLD. 

Grimaldi,  Stacey.  Origines  Genealogicse ;  or,  the 
Sources  whence  English  Genealogies  may  be  traced  from 
the  Conquest  to  the  Present  Time,  1828,  4to. 

"  Mr.  Grimaldi  must  ensure  to  himself  the  respect  of  antiquaries 
and  the  gratitude  of  his  profession." — Lon.  Retrosp.  Rev.,  N.  S.,  i. 
520;  1827: 

Grimbald,  Nicholas.     See  GRIMBOLD. 

Grim  blot,  Paul.  Letters  of  William  III.  and  Louis 
XIV.,  and  of  their  Ministers,  Lon.,  1848,  2  vols.  Svo.  This 
important  work  illustrates  the  domestic  and  foreign  politics 


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of  England  from  the  Peace  of  Ryswick  to  the  Accession 
of  Philip  V.  of  Spain,  1697-1700. 

"  The  Letters  of  William  III.  are  both  the  most  authentic  and 
the  most  satisfactory  explanation  of  his  policy  during  the  three 
momentous  years  that  closed  the  seventeenth  century." — HALLAM. 

"  The  interval  between  the  Peace  of  Ryswick  and  the  breaking 
out  of  the  great  war  in  1702,  though  a  short  is  a  most  interesting 
one.» — LORD  CHESTERFIELD. 

"  The  literary  value  of  this  work  is  very  great,  and  it  abounds 
in  new  and  interesting  particulars ;  while  it  has  the  immense  ad 
vantage  of  present  ing  for  the  first  time,  in  an  accessible  and  popu 
lar  form,  a  mass  of  documents  which  will  enable  every  one  to  ap 
preciate  the  national  importance  of  the  interests  involved  in  the 
great  question  of  the  Spanish  Succession." — Edin.  Rev. 

"Before  closing  these  volumes,  we  must  bear  more  particular 
testimony  to  the  great  care  bestowed  upon  them  by  the  editor."— 
Lon.  Athenceum. 

"  A  valuable  collection  of  official  papers,  illustrative  of  a  par 
ticular  period."— ion.  Spectator. 

Grimbold,  Grimald,  Grimbald,  or  Grimoald, 
Nicholas,  d.  about  1563,  an  English  poet,  educated  at 
Cambridge  and  Oxford,  opened  a  rhetorical  lecture  in  the 
refectory  of  Christ  Church,  Oxford,  wrote  verses,  and  a 
Latin  tragedy,  and  made  translations  from  the  Greek  and 
Latin  poets.  His  Latin  tragedy  of  John  the  Baptist  was 
pub.  in  1548 ;  trans,  from  Cicero,  1553,  '56,  '58,  '68,  '74, 
'96;  from  Virgil,  1591;  Oratio,  1583;  and  his  Songes 
("  written  by  N.  G.")  will  be  found  annexed  to  the  Songes 
and  Sonnettes  of  uncertain  Auctours,  printed  by  Tottell. 
For  further  particulars,  see  authorities  cited  below. 

"  He  is  the  second  English  poet  after  Lord  Surrey  who  wrote  in 
blank  verse.  Nor  is  it  his  only  praise  that  he  was  the  first  who 
followed  in  this  new  path  of  versification.  To  the  style  of  blank 
verse  exhibited  by  Surrey,  he  added  new  strength,  elegance,  and 
modulation.  .  .  .  Grimoald,  as  a  writer  of  verses  in  rhyme,  yields 
to  none  of  his  cotemporaries  for  a  masterly  choice  of  chaste  ex 
pression,  and  the  concise  elegancies  of  didactic  versification.  Some 
of  the  couplets,  in  his  poem  IN  PRAISE  OF  MODERATION,  have  all 
the  smartness  which  marks  the  modern  style  of  sententious  poetry, 
and  would  have  done  honour  to  Pope's  ethic  Epistles." — Warton's 
Hist,  of  Eng.  Poet. 

11  Nor  was  this  polish  of  language  peculiar  to  Surrey  and  his 
friend,  [Wyatt.]  In  the  short  poems  of  Lord  Vaux,  and  of  others 
about  the  same  time,  even  in  those  of  Nicholas  Grimoald,  a  lec 
turer  at  Oxford,  who  was  no  courtier,  but  had  acquired  a  classical 
taste,  we  find  a  rejection  of  obsolete  and  trivial  phrases,  and  the 
beginning  of  what  we  now  call  the  style  of  our  older  poetry." — 
Hallam's  Lit.  Hist,  of  Europe. 

"  In  the  disposition  and  conduct  of  his  cadences  he  often  ap 
proaches  to  the  legitimate  structure  of  the  improved  blank  verse, 
though  not  entirely  free  from  those  dissonances  and  asperities 
which  still  adhered  to  the  general  character  of  our  diction." — 
JSUis's  Spec,  of  the  Early  Eng.  Poets. 

See  also  Bale;  Tanner;  Strype's  Cranmer;  Bliss's 
Wood's  Athen.  Oxon. 

Grimes,  Thomas.     The  Farrier,  Lon.,  1636,  12mo. 
Grimestone,  or  Grimstone,  Edward,  trans,  the 
Hist,  of  Ostend,  of  the  Netherlands,  of  Spain,  and  other 
works,  Lon.,  1604-35.     See  Watt's  Bibl.  Brit. 
Grimeston,  Elizabeth.     See  GRYMESTON. 
Grimeston,   William,    Lord    Viscount.      See 
GRIMSTON. 

Grimke,  Frederick,  a  brother  of  Thomas  Smith 
Grimke,  (see  post.)  The  Nature  and  Tendency  of  Free 
Institutions,  Cincin.,  1848,  8vo. 

Grimke,  John  F.,  d.  1819,  Judge  of  the  Supreme 
Ct.  of  S.  Carolina,  and  a  colonel  in  the  war  of  the  Revolu 
tion.  1.  Law  of  Executors  for  S.  Carolina,  Svo.  2.  Public 
Law  of  S.  Carolina,  Phila.,  1790,  4to.  3.  Justice  of  the 
Peace,  2d  ed.,  1796,  8vo. 

Grimke,  Thomas  Smith,  1786-1834,  a  native  of 
Charleston,  S.  Carolina,  educated  at  Yale  College,  became 
an  eminent  lawyer  and  politician  in  his  native  State.  He 
was  the  author  of  a  number  of  orations,  <fcc.  on  legal 
educational,  and  other  topics,  and  in  1831  pub.  a  vol.  of 
Addresses  on  Science,  Education,  and  Literature,  New 
Haven,  12mo. 

Grimoald,  Nicholas.     See  GRIMBOLD. 
Grimshaw,  A.  H.     See  GRIMSHAW,  WM. 
Grimshaw,  Wm.,  1708-1763,  Perpetual  Curate  of 
Haworth,   Yorkshire.      Principles  of   True    Christianity 
Vindicated,  Lon.,  12mo.     See  Memoirs  of  the  Life  of  W 
S.,  by  Rev.  John  Newton,  1799,  12mo. 

Grimshaw,  Wm.,  1782-1852,  a  native  of  Green 
castle,  Ireland,  emigrated  to  America  in  1815,  and  livec 
for  many  years  in  Philadelphia  and  its  vicinity.  1.  Hist 
of  England ;  2.  of  France ;  3.  of  Greece ;  4.  of  the  U 
States  ;  5.  of  Rome  ;  6.  of  S.  America  and  Mexico.  7 
Life  of  Napoleon.  8.  Etymological  Dictionary.  9.  Gen 
tleman's  Lexicon.  10.  Ladies'  Lexicon.  11.  Merchant's 
Law  Book.  12.  Form  Book.  13.  American  Chesterfield 
Mr.  G.  also  pub.  Questions  and  Keys  to  his  histories,  re< 
vised  eds.  of  Goldsmith's  Rome,  Greece,  Ac.,  of  Ramsay's 
Life  of  Washington,  and  of  Baine's  Hist,  of  the  Wars 


growing  out  of  the  French  Revolution.  Since  his  decease 
i  revised  ed.  of  his  Hist,  of  the  U.  States  has  been  pub. 
y  A.  H.  Grimshaw. 

Grimshawe,  Rev.  T.  S.  1.  Memoir  of  Legh  Rich 
mond,  Lon.,  1828,  8vo ;  llth  ed.,  1846, 12mo.  2.  Cowper's 
Works  and  Life,  1835,  8  vols.  12mo.  Last  ed.,  1847,  8  vols. 
12mo.  Of  this  ed.  70,000  had  been  issued  up  to  1853, 
when  the  8  vols.  were  repub.,  in  1  vol.  r.  8vo,  by  Phillips, 
Sampson  &  Co.,  of  Boston,  Mass.  We  have  already 
noticed  Grimshawe's  ed.  of  Cowper,  q.  v.  3.  On  the  Future 
Restoration  and  Conversion  of  the  Jews,  1843,  12mo. 

Grimston.     Argument  cone.  Bishops,  Lon.,  1641,  4to. 

Grimston,  Hon.  Miss.  Arrangement  of  the  Com 
mon  Prayer  Book  and  Lessons,  Lon.,  1840,  2  vols.  12mo, 
18mo,  and  32mo.  The  entire  Morning  Service  is  contained 
n  1  vol.,  and  the  entire  Evening  Service  in  another  vol. 
Printed  in  large  type. 

Grimston,  Edward.     See  GRIMESTON. 

Grimston,  Elizabeth.     See  GRYMESTON. 

Grimston,  Sir  Harbottle,  M.P.,  1594F-1683,  an 
eminent  lawyer,  Speaker  of  the  House  of  Commons,  Mas 
ter  of  the  Rolls,  1660-83,  was  a  warm  yet  moderate  sup 
porter  of  the  popular  side  during  the  Civil  Wars  temp. 
Charles  I.  He  was  a  son-in-law  of  Sir  George  Croke, 
and  pub.  his  reports,  v.  n.  1.  Speech  rel.  to  Archbp.  Laud, 
Lon.,  1641,  4to.  2.  Strena  Christiana,  1644,  24mo.  In 
English,  Camb.,  1644,  Svo.  3.  Sir  George  Croke's  Reports. 

Grimston,  Henry.  1.  A  Short  Account  of  various 
Charitable  Institutions  in  G.  Brit,  for  the  Benefit  of  the 
Poor  and  Infirm,  Lon.,  1794,  8vo.  2.  Perkins's  Metallic 
Tractors,  1804,  12mo ;  2d  ed.,  1805. 

Grimston,  William,  Lord  Viscount,  1692  P-1756. 
The  Lawyer's  Fortune ;  or,  Love  in  a  Hollow  Tree,  Lon., 
1705,  4to;  1736,  Svo  and  12mo.     Sine  anno,  4to.     Rotter 
dam,  1728, 12mo.  This  comedy  was  written  when  the  author 
was  only  thirteen  years  of  age.     He  subsequently  bought 
up  all  the  copies  he  could  find.     When  he  was  a  candi 
date  for  the  borough  of  St.  Alban's,  Sarah,  Duchess  of 
Marlborough,  repub.  his  lordship's  juvenile  effusion,  (1736, 
12mo,)  and  had  it  circulated  among  the  electors.    His  lord 
ship,  who  was  really  a  most  worthy  man,  was  ridiculed  both 
by  Pope  and  Swift.     The  former,  referring  to  the  peer's 
residence  at  Gorhambury,  near  St.  Alban's,  exclaims : 
"  Shades  that  to  Bacon  did  retreat  afford 
Are  now  the  portion  of  a  booby  Lord." 
And  Swift  says : 

"  The  leaden  crown  devolv'd  to  thee, 
Great  poet  of  the  Hollow  Tree." 

This  is  all  very  absurd  when  considered  as  levelled 
against  the  effusions  of  a  bard  of  thirteen  years  of  age. 
See  Whincop's  List  of  Dramat.  Poets;  Biog.  Dramat. 

Grindal,  or  Gryndall,  Edmund,  D.D.,  1519-1583, 
a  native  of  Hinsingham,  Cumberland,  educated  at  Mag 
dalen  Coll.,  Christ's  Coll.,  and  Pembroke  Hall,  Camb.; 
Fellow  of  Pembroke  Hall,  1538;  President,  1549;  Preb. 
of  Westminster,  1552 ;  fled  to  Strasbourg  on  the  accession, 
of  Mary  in  1553 ;  returned  home  on  the  accession  of  Eliza 
beth,  1558,  and  assisted  in  compiling  the  new  liturgy; 
Bishop  of  London,  1559 ;  Archbishop  of  York,  1570;  trans, 
to  Canterbury,  1575.  He  was  an  eloquent  preacher,  and 
so  zealous  for  the  advancement  of  religion  that  he  refused 
to  obey  Elizabeth  when  she  ordered  him  to  substitute  the 
reading  of  homilies  for  pulpit  ministrations — to  "abridge 
the  number  of  preachers  and  put  down  the  religious  exer 
cises."  This  firmness  led  to  his  being  sequestered  for  a 
time  by  her  majesty.  1.  Profitable  and  Necessarye  Doc 
trine,  Ac.,  Lon.,  1555,  4to.  2.  A  Serm.,  1564,  4to  and  8vo. 
The  same  in  Latin,  by  John  Fox,  1564,  4to.  3.  Remains, 
edit,  for  the  Parker  Society  by  the  Rev.  Wm.  Nicholson, 
Rector  of  St.  Maurice,  Winchester,  Camb.,  1843,  Svo.  He 
assisted  Fox  in  his  Acts  and  Monuments. 

"  Queen  Elizabeth  highly  favouring  him  for  his  learning,  piety 
and  modesty,  and  single  life,  till  at  last  he  lost  her  love  by  the 
mischievous  practices  of  his  enemies.  His  fault  was  for  keeping 
others  from  breaking  two  of  God's  commandments." — fuller's 
Worthies  of  Cumberland. 

See  Strype's  Life  of  Grindal,  Lon.,  1710,  fol. ;  Oxf.,  1821, 
Svo ;  A  Brief  and  True  Account  of  Edm.  Grindal,  1710, 
8vo;   Memorials   resp.  his   Suspension,   Ac.,  1710,  Svo; 
Biog.  Brit. ;  Harrington's  Brief  View  of  the  State  of  the 
Ch.  of  Eng. ;  Le  Neve's  Lives  of  the  Bishops ;  Hutchin- 
son's  Cumberland,  vol.  xi. 
Grindal,  Wm.    See  GRYNDALL. 
Grindall,  Richard.    Surg.  con.  to  Phil.  Trans.,  1757. 
Grindlay,  Capt.  Robert  Melville.    1.  Views  in 
India,  Lon.,  1826,  '30,  atlas  4to,  36  plates,  £8  80. ;  col'd, 
£12  12«. 

"CHRISTOPHER  NORTH.    'A  beautiful  and  splendid  work.' 

"  SHEPHERD.    <  There  maun  be  thousans  o'  leebraries  in  Britain, 


GRI 

private  and  public,  that  ought  to  hae  sic  a  wark."»— Nodes  Am- 
brosianoR. 

2.  Sculptures  in  the  Cave-Temples  of  Ellora,  1830,  r.  fol.; 
8  plates.  3.  Map  of  India,  1837.  4.  Hints  for  Travellers 
to  India,  detailing  the  Several  Routes,  1847,  12mo. 

Grinfield,  Rev.  Edward  William.  1.  Novum 
Testamentum  Grsecuin,  Editio  Hellenistica,  2  vols.  Scho 
lia  in  N.  T.  instruxit  atque  ornavit  E.  Grinfield,  2  vols.; 
Lon.,  1843-48,  4  vols.  8vo.  Designed  to  show  the  close 
connexion  of  the  Greek  Testament  with  the  Septuagint. 
It  contains  upwards  of  30,000  doctrinal  and  grammatical 
illustrations,  which  are  arranged  respectively  under  each 
verse  for  the  convenience  of  the  Student  and  Divine.  We 
need  hardly  say  that  the  labours  of  the  editor  have  been 
great  indeed  :  to  quote  from  his  Preface : 

"  Per  decem  annos  in  haec  Editione  conficienda  operam  studi- 
umque  impend  elocavi." 

He  intended  to  have  increased  his  labours  by  the  addi 
tion  of  a  threefold  collation  of  the  Hebrew,  LXX.,  and 
New  Testament.  For  an  account  of  this  truly  great  work 
we  must  refer  to  Home's  Bibl.  Bibl.,  and  the  London 
Chris.  Rememb.  for  April,  1848. 

2.  Apology  for  the  Septuagint,  in  which  its  Claims  to 
Biblical  and  Canonical  Authority  are  stated  and  vindi 
cated,  1850,  8vo. 

«  This  Apology  may  be  regarded  as  a  natural  sequel  to  my  Hel 
lenistic  Edition  of  the  Greek  Testament."— Extract  from  the  Pre 
face. 

By  a  recent  statute  of  the  Senate  at  Oxford,  the  study 
of  the  Septuagint  is,  for  the  first  time,  made  indispensable 
to  all  who  stand  for  honours.     Mr.  Grinfield  has  pub.  a 
number  of  serms.  and  theolog.  and  other  treatises. 
Grinfield,  Thomas.     Poems,  Serm.,  &c.,  1815-22. 
Grinvile.     See  GRENVILLE. 

Grisaunt,  Wm.,  a  physician,  astronomer,  and  mathe 
matician  of  the  14th  century,  studied  at  Merton  Coll.,  Oxf., 
and  subsequently  removed,  first  to  Montpellierand  then  to 
Marseilles,  where  he  practised  with  great  reputation.  Bale 
and  Pits  give  lists  of  his  works,  none  of  which  are  known 
to  be  extant  See  Bale ;  Pits ;  Aikin's  Mem.  of  Med. 

Griscom,  John,  Prof,  of  Chemistry  and  Natural 
Philos.  in  the  N.  York  Institution.  A  Year  in  Europe, 
1818-19,  N.  York,  1823,  2  vols.  8vo. 

"We  hardly  know  a  work  of  equal  size  that  contains  so  many 
practical  details  and  statements  respecting  those  European  esta 
blishments  which  may  now  be  rendered  useful  in  our  own  practical 
country.  ...  It  is  a  book  which,  in  all  respects,  does  credit  to  its 
author  as  a  member  of  the  Society  of  Friends,  and  can  therefore 
hardly  fail  of  being  interesting  and  useful  to  the  public." — GEORGE 
TICKNOR:  N.  Amer.  Rev.,  xviii.  178-192;  1824,  q.  v. 

Grisdale,  Browne,  D.D.     Serm.,  Lon.,  1789,  4to. 
Grisenthwaite,  Wm.     1.  Sleep;  a  Poem,  Ac.,  Lon., 
1812,  12ino.     2.  New  Theory  of  Agricult.,  1820,  12mo. 

"The  pity  is  that  any  notice  of  agriculture  should  be  concealed; 
for,  though  little  or  no  substantial  good  may  accrue  from  such 
essays  as  the  above  work,  yet  it  is  pleasant  to  read  the  nibblings 
of  any  imagination  at  objects  that  are  beyond  its  reach,  and  pro 
bably  too  big  for  its  capacity.  Such  attempts  have  sometimes 
caught  the  subject  in  the  true  light,  and  hence  amply  repaid  all 
former  exertions." — Donaldson's  Agricult.  Riog. 

Griswold,  Alexander  Viets,  D.D.,  of  the  Episco 
pal  Church,  Bishop  of  the  Eastern  Diocese,  d.  in  Boston, 
Mass.,  1843,  aged  76.  For  particulars  connected  with  the 
career  of  this  excellent  prelate  we  refer  the  reader  to  his 
Memoirs  by  John  S.  Stone,  D.D.,  Phila.,  8vo ;  Northamp 
ton,  8vo.  1.  On  the  Reformation  and  the  Apostolic  Office, 
Bosk  2.  Serms.,  Phila.,  1830,  8vo.  3.  Prayers,  N.  York. 
4.  Remarks  on  Social  Prayer-Meetings,  Bost.,  1858,  12mo. 
See  a  Memoir  by  S.  K.  Lothrop,  in  the  Chris.  Exam.,  xxxix. 
248,  and  one  by  S.  W.  S.  Dutton,  in  the  N.  Englander,  iii.227. 
Griswold,  C.  D.  The  Isthmus  of  Panama,  and 
What  I  Saw  There,  N.  York,  1852,  12mo. 

Griswold,  Hiram.  Reports  of  Cases  in  Sup.  Ct.  of 
Ohio,  in  Bane,  Columbus,  1846,  8vo.  This  is  lettered  Vol. 
XIV.  of  Ohio  Reports. 

Griswold,  Rufus  Wilmot,  D.D.,  1815-1857,  a 
native  of  Benson,  Rutland  county,  Vermont,  is  a  descend 
ant  in  the  ninth  generation  from  George  Griswold,  of  Ken- 
ilworth,  England,  and  on  the  mother  s  side  is  descended 
in  the  eighth  degree  from  Thomas  Mayhew,  the  first 
Governor  of  Martha's  Vineyard.  The  subject  of  this 
notice  seems  to  have  divided  the  earlier  years  of  his  life 
between  his  duties  as  a  minister  in  the  Baptist  Church 
and  the  literary  management  of  a  number  of  journals  in 
several  of  the  principal  cities  of  the  Union.  Amonff  these 
may  be  mentioned  The  New  Yorker,  The  Brother  Jona 
than,  and  the  New  World.  In  1842-43  he  was  the  editor 
of  Graham's  Magazine;  and  from  August,  1850  to  April 
1852,  conducted  The  International  Magazine,  the  plan 
of  which  was  projected  by  himself.  Dr.  Griswold  was 


GUI 

a  voluminous  author,  and  had  achieved  an  amount  of 
abour  at  an  early  period  of  life — for  the  productions  upon 
which  his  reputation  is  chiefly  founded  have  been  before 
the  public  for  a  number  of  years — highly  creditable  to  his 
iterary  industry.  In  addition  to  the  works  which  we  are 
about  to  notice,  he  gave  to  the  world  from  time  to  time, 
without  his  name,  partly  or  entirely  written  by  himself, 
six  or  eight  works  on  history  and  biography,  a  novel, 
seven  discourses  on  historical  and  philosophical  subjects, 
and  contributions  to  magazines  and  newspapers  sufficient 
to  fill  a  dozen  octavo  volumes. 

1.  Poems,  N.  York,  1841,  12mo.  Anon.  2.  Sermons, 
1841,  12mo. 

His  acquirements  in  theology  are  very  extensive.  .  .  .  In  theo 
logy  he  is  all  bone  and  muscle.  His  sermons  are  his  finest  compo 
sitions,  and  he  delivers  them  from  the  pulpit  with  taste  and  elo 
quence." — E.  P.  WHIPPLE. 

3.  The  Biographical  Annual  for  1842,  12mo.    An  excel 
lent  plan,  and  one  which  it  would  be  well  to  revive. 

4.  The  Curiosities  of  American  Literature.     This  was 
pub.  as  an  appendix  to  an  American  ed.    of  Disraeli's 
Curiosities  of  Literature.     5.  The   Poets  and  Poetry  of 
America,  Phila.,  1842,  8vo;  16th  ed.,  continued  to  the  pre 
sent  time,  1855.     This  work  was  a  great  advance  upon  all 
attempts  of  a  similar  character  which  had  preceded  it;  and 
in  this  volume  and  the  two  works  which  followed  it— The 
Prose  Writers  of  America  and  the  Female  Poets  of  Ame 
rica — we  had  presented  for  the  first  time  A  Survey  of  the 
Literature  of  the  United  States.     From  the  many  notices 
before  us  of  these  invaluable  volumes — to  which  the  pre 
sent  work  has  been  greatly  indebted — we  regret  that  our 
quotations  must  be  so  few  in  number  and  so  brief  in 
extent. 

From  Baron  Frederick  Von  Raumer,  of  Prussia : 

"It  is  performing  a  valuable  service  when  a  man  of  taste  and 
information  makes  a  suitable,  well-assorted  selection,  and  guides 
the  friend  of  Poetry  in  his  rambles  through  those  groves  from 
which  he  might  otherwise  be  deterred  by  their  immensity.  Such 
service  has  been  rendered  by  Mr.  Griswold  in  his  Poets  and  Poetry 
of  America." 

From  the  London  Examiner : 

"  We  must  not  forget  to  thank  Mr.  Griswold  for  his  good  taste 
and  good  feeling.  It  would  be  difficult  to  overpraise  either." 

From  Thomas  Campbell,  author  of  The  Pleasures  of 
Hope: 

"  Mr.  Griswold's  work  is  honourable  to  the  character  and  genius 
of  the  American  people." 

From  Bishop  Potter's  Hand-Book  for  Readers : 

"  The  critical  and  biographical  notes  are  brief  but  discriminative 
and  elegant." 

From  the  North  American  Review,  Iviii.  1-39,  Jan. 
1844,  by  E.  P.  Whipple  : 

"Although  we  deem  Mr. Griswold  deserving  of  a  little  gentle 
correction  for  his  literary  beneficence,  we  are  not  insensible  to  his 
merits.  The  work  before  us  must  have  demanded  the  labour  of 
years.  .  .  .  We  think  therefore  that  Mr.  Griswold  has  succeeded 
as  well  in  his  task  as  the  nature  of  the  case  admitted ;  that  his 
patient  research  and  general  correctness  of  taste  are  worthy  of 
praise ;  that  his  difficulties  and  temptations  would  have  extenu 
ated  far  graver  errors  than  he  has  committed,  and  that  his  volume 
well  deserves  the  approbation  it  has  received." 

From  Edgar  A.  Poe's  Literati : 

"  We  know  no  one  in  America  who  could  or  who  would  have 
performed  the  task  here  undertaken,  at  once  so  well  in  accordance 
with  the  judgment  of  the  critical,  and  so  much  to  the  satisfaction 
of  the  public.  The  labours,  the  embarrassments,  the  great  diffi 
culties  of  the  achievement  are  not  easily  estimated  by  those  before 
the  scenes." 

Sixteenth  edition.  From  the  Knickerbocker  Magazine 
for  October,  1855  : 

"  We  can  ask  no  better  attestation  of  the  value  of  a  book  so  pre 
tentious  and  expensive  as  this,  than  the  simple  words  sixteenth 
edition  upon  the  title-page.  The  successive  editions  of  The  Poets 
and  Poetry  of  America  have  all  been,  more  or  less,  improvements 
upon  their  predecessors ;  but  the  present  one  is  so  much  and  in 
all  cases  changed  for  the  better,  as  to  have  the  appearance  of  a  new 
work.  .  .  .  Printed  separately  as  a  series  of  critical  biographies, 
Dr.  Griswold's  Lives  of  the  American  Poets  would  constitute  a 
work  of  remarkable  elegance  and  of  signal  historical  value." 

From  the  North  American  Review  for  Jan.  1856,  by  the 
editor,  Rev.  Dr.  Peabody  : 

"  In  these  sketches  we  find  reason  to  admire  the  author's  im 
partiality  and  kindness.  We  have  been  unable  to  find  a  single 
instance  in  which  he  has  suffered  any  of  the  usual  grounds  of  pre 
judice  to  warp  his  judgment  or  to  scant  his  eulogy ;  and  where  it 
has  been  his  duty  to  refer  to  obliquities  of  temper  and  conduct, 
he  has  done  so  with  singular  delicacy  and  gentleness." 

6.  The  Prose  Writers  of  America,  1846,  8vo;   4th  ed., 

From  Wm.  H.  Prescott,  author  of  Ferdinand  and  Isa 
bella  : 

"  It  will  be  an  important  and  interesting  contribution  to  our 
national  literature.  The  range  of  authors  is  very  wide ;  the  bio 
graphical  notices  full  and  interesting.  I  am  surprised  that  the 
author  has  been  able  to  collect  so  many  particulars  in  this  way. 
The  selections  appear  to  me  to  be  made  with  discrimination,  and 


GUI 


GRO 


the  criticism  shows  a  sound  taste  and  a  correct  appreciation  of  the 
qualities  of  the  writers,  as  well  as  I  can  judge." 
From  Wm.  C.  Bryant : 

"We  are  glad  to  possess,  in  this  form,  portions  of  many  authors 
whose  entire  works  we  should  never  own,  and,  if  we  did,  should 
probably  never  find  time  to  read.  We  confess  our  obligations  to 
the  author  also  for  the  personal  information  concerning  them 
which  he  has  collected  in  the  memoirs  prefixed  to  their  writings. 
These  are  written  in  a  manner  creditable  to  the  research,  ability, 
and  kindness  of  the  author." 

From  Literary  Criticisms,  by  Horace  Binney  Wallace  : 
"  He  has  done  a  useful  work,  and  he  has  done  it  well.  The 
hook  now  before  us  is  more  than  respectable;  it  is  executed  ably, 
and  in  many  parts  brilliantly.  In  some  respects  it  is  an  extra 
ordinary  work;  such  as  few  men  in  America,  perhaps,  besides  its 
author,  could  have  produced,  and  he  only  after  years  of  sedulous 
investigation,  and  under  many  advantages  of  circumstance  or 
accident.  He  has  long  shown  himself  to  be  of  Cicero's  mind : 
lMiid  quidem  nuMi  satis  eruditio  yidentur,  quibus  nostra  ignota 
sunt.'  The  distribution  of  the  various  writers  into  their  classes, 
and  the  selection  of  representatives  of  each  class  or  type,  exhibit 
much  skill.  Many  passages  present  fine  specimens  of  acute,  ori 
ginal,  and  just  criticism,  eloquently  delivered.  We  differ  from 
Mr.  Griswold  sometimes,  but  never  without  feeling  that  we  owe  it 
to  the  public  in  all  cases  to  give  a  reason  why  we  do  not  assent  to 
the  conclusions  of  so  candid  and  discriminating  a  judge." 
From  the  Knickerbocker  Magazine  : 

"We  commend  The  Prose  Writers  of  America  to  a  wide  na 
tional  acceptance ;  with  the  especial  advice  to  the  reader  not  to 
overlook  the  excellent  introductory  Essay  on  the  Intellectual 
History,  Condition,  and  Prospects  of  the  Country,  which  contains 
many  noteworthy  suggestions  and  much  valuable  information." 

From  Henry  T.  Tuckerman's  Sketch  of  American 
Literature,  appended  to  the  Amer.  ed.  of  Shaw's  Outlines 
of  Literature  : 

"  For  the  chief  critical  and  biographical  history  of  literature  in 
the  United  States,  we  are  indebted  to  Rufus  W.  Griswold,  whose 
two  copious  and  interesting  volumes,  [Nos.  5  and  6,]  so  popular  at 
home  and  abroad,  give  an  elaborate  account  of  what  has  been  done 
by  American  writers  from  the  foundation  of  the  country  to  the 
present  hour.  These  works  are  the  fruit  of  great  research  and  an 
enthusiasm  for  native  literature  as  rare  as  it  is  patriotic." 
From  Edgar  A.  Poe's  Literati : 

"The  best  of  the  series  [Nos.  5,  6  and  7]  is,  beyond  all  question, 
The  Prose  Authors  of  America.  This  is  a  book  of  which  any 
critic  in  the  country  might  well  be  proud,  without  reference  to  the 
mere  industry  and  research  manifested  in  its  compilation.  These 
are  truly  remarkable;  but  the  vigour  of  comment  and  force  of 
style  are  not  less  so ;  while  more  independence  and  self-reliance 
are  manifested  than  in  any  other  of  the  series.  There  is  not  a 
weak  paper  in  the  book;  and  some  of  the  articles  are  able  in  all 
respects." 

See  also  South.  Lit.  Messenger,  xiii.  209,  381 ;  South. 
Quar.  Review,  xxi.  114. 

7.  The  Female  Poets  of  America,  1848,  8vo ;  5th  ed., 
continued  to  1856,  pub.  Philadelphia,  1857.  8.  The  Prose 
Works  of  John  Milton,  with  a  Critical  Memoir,  1845,  2 
vols.  8vo.  First  Amer.  ed.  9.  Washington  and  the  Gene 
rals  of  the  American  Revolution,  1847,  2  vols.  This  work 
was  edited  and  partly  written  by  Dr.  Griswold :  he  was 
assisted  in  it  by  W.  G.  Simms,  E.  D.  Ingraham,  and  others. 
10.  Napoleon  and  the  Marshals  of  the  Empire,  (in  con 
junction  with  the  late  H.  B.  Wallace,)  1847,  2  vols.  11. 
Scenes  in  the  Life  of  the  Saviour,  by  tbe  Poets  and  Paint 
ers,  8vo  and  12mo,  (edited.)  12.  The  Sacred  Poets  of 
England  and  America,  (edited,)  1849.  13.  The  Poets  and 
Poetry  of  England  in  the  Nineteenth  Century ;  2d  ed., 
1845,  8vo ;  4th  ed.,  1854. 

From  the  American  Review,  by  E.  P.  Whipple  : 
"No  one  can  glance  at  Mr.  Griswold's  volume  without 'being 
impressed  with  the  fertility  of  the  present  century  in  original 
poetry.  There  is  one  view  in  which  the  author  of  a  work  like  the 
present  may  be  considered  fortunate.  Through  his  diligent  labours 
large  bodies  of  the  people,  who  cannot  or  will  not  read  extensively, 
are  enabled  to  obtain  an  image  of  the  imaginative  literature  of  a 
great  age.  And  what  a  world  of  thought  and  feeling  does  its  con 
templation  reveal  to  us!" 

14.  The  Works  of  Edgar  A.  Poe ;  Poems,  Tales  and 
Miscellanies ;  with  a  Memoir  by  R.  W.  Griswold,  and 
Notices  of  his  Life  and  Genius,  by  N.  P.  Willis  and  J.  R. 
Lowell,  N.  York,  1850,  3  vols.  12mo;  1856,  1  vol.  12mo. 
It  is  considered  by  many  critics  that  Dr.  Griswold  has 
not  done  justice  to  Poe's  memory  in  this  volume. 
15.  The  Republican  Court;  or,  American  Society  in  the 
Days  of  Washington,  with  21  portraits  of  Distinguished 
Women,  engraved  from  original  pictures  by  Wollaston, 
Copley,  Gainsborough,  Stuart,  Trumbull,  Malbone,  and 
other  Contemporary  Painters,  N.  York,  1854,  4to.  New 
ed.,  enlarged,  with  additional  portraits,  issued  1856,  <fec. 
In  this  sumptuously -printed  and  richly-illustrated  work, 
a  view  of  American  society  in  the  days  of  the  Father  of 
the  Republic  is  presented,  for  the  most  part  from  original 
materials,  consisting  of  private  correspondence,  <tc. 

From  the  North  American  Review,  Ixxxi.  26-50,  July, 

1855,  by  H.  T.  Tuckerman : 

"  The  Republican  Court  is  the  most  beautiful  specimen  in  this 


department  that  has  yet  appeared,  and  has  the  peculiar  merit  of 
a  national  subject.  It  consists  of  a  fluent  narrative,  intended  to 
convey  an  authentic  and  picturesque  idea  of  social  life  in  this 
country  in  the  days  of  Washington.  ...  In  the  preparation  of 
this  elegant  quarto,  the  memoirs  and  correspondence  of  the  period 
have  been  searched,  the  diaries  of  leading  members  of  society 
gleaned,  the  reminiscences  of  survivors  drawn  upon,  and  such 
works  as  Sullivan's  Letters  on  Public  Characters,  Duer's  Recollec 
tions  of  New  York,  the  autobiographies  of  French  officers  engaged 
in  the  war,  the  letters  of  Mrs.  Adams,  and  Graydon's  Memoirs, 
carefully  examined." 

From  the  Christian  Examiner,  No.  CXC.,  July,  1855,  by 
the  Rev.  Samuel  Osgood  : 

"  This  elegant  volume  was  received  by  acclamation  on  its  first 
appearance.  We  are  quite  certain  that  the  sober  second  judgment 
of  the  public  will  confirm  the  first  opinion,  and  in  some  respects 
magnify  its  approbation.  ...  Its  solid  literary  merits  are  yet  to 
be  fully  appreciated.  We  do  not  know  where  else  one-half  so 
much  information  respecting  our  early  American  history  can  be 
found.  .  .  .  Dr.  Griswold  has  evidently  been  much  favored  in  the 
use  of  private  family  memorials,  and  he  has  worked  up  his  mate 
rial  with  much  artistic  taste  in  the  grouping  and  great  spirit  in 
the  narrative.  The  volume  stands  among  our  important  histori 
cal  monuments." 

From  an  interesting  account,  by  Mr.  Fletcher,  of  the 
interest  manifested  by  tbe  Emperor  of  Brazil  in  an  exhi 
bition  of  American  products,  collected  (in  1855)  by  the 
enterprise  of  tbe  former,  we  extract  some  remarks  by  his 
majesty,  not  without  interest  in  this  connexion  : 

"After  spending  a  long  time  in  the  exhibition,  he  exclaimed  to 
his  suite:  'That  which  1  find  the  most  desirable  is  the  perfection 
of  typography  and  binding,  (alluding  to  the  Republican  Court, 
which  he  held  in  his  hand,)  the  beautiful  specimens  of  steel  en 
gravings  and  chromo-litbography,  and  the  clearness  of  the  photo 
graphic  portraits.'  Now,  it  is  just  in  those  departments  that  the 
Brazilians  had  believed  us  deficient;  for  almost  every  thing  of  this 
kind  comes  from  England,  France,  and  Germany." 

"  He  was  a  plodding,  industrious,  and  careful  writer,  extremely 
well  informed  on  American  literature,  but  by  no  means  an  elegant, 
nor  even  a  correct,  though  very  ambitious,  writer.  He  was  inclined 
to  be  metaphysical  and  transcendental,  but  would  get  out  of  his 
depth  and  become  unintelligible.  Though  he  had  no  genius 
whatever,  Dr.  Griswold  has  done  some  service  to  literature.  He 
will  be  remembered  by  his  compilations." — DR.  R.  SHELTON  MAC 
KENZIE. 

The  reader  who  desires  to  learn  more  respecting  Dr. 
Griswold's  characteristics  as  an  author  is  referred  to  The 
Knickerbocker  Magazine,  xxxvi.  162,  xlvi.  398,  and  to 
Literary  Criticisms  and  Literary  Portraits,  by  Horace  Bin 
ney  Wallace.  From  the  last-named  authority  we  make 
a  brief  extract,  which  may  appropriately  conclude  this 
article. 

"The  literary  abilities  displayed  in  the  original  portion  of  these 
works  [see  Nos.  5,  6,  7,  and  13]  are  entitled  to  very  high  rank,  and 
are  undoubtedly  the  sufficient  cause  of  their  popularity  and  per 
manence.  Dr.  Griswold's  style  is  fresh,  brilliant,  delicate,  perhaps 
over-delicate,  but  never  feeble,  and  rarely  morbid.  With  unerring 
accuracy  he  always  indicates  the  strong  points  of  his  subject;  yet 
he  indicates  rather  than  seizes  them.  The  outlines  of  truth  are 
always  traced  with  nicety  and  precision ;  yet  they  are  traced  rather 
than  channelled.  His  coloring  is  refined,  soft,  suggestive ;  dealing 
in  half-tints  or  mixed  hues  more  usually  than  in  simple  and  con 
trasted  colors.  His  perceptions  are  keenly  intelligent,  and  full  of 
vitality  and  vividness;  but  they  are  too  mercurial,  fugitive,  and 
hasty :  they  want  fixity,  persistency,  and  prolongation.  He  touches 
some  rich  element  of  truth  or  beauty,  but  he  does  not  linger  upon 
it  to  develop  and  unfold  its  deep  and  full  resources."— p.  239. 

Grocyn,  Wm.,  1442-1519,  a  native  of  Bristol,  Eng 
land,  a  man  of  great  learning,  was  educated  at  Winchester 
and  New  College,  Oxford.  In  1479  he  was  made  Rector 
of  Newton-Longville,  Buckinghamshire,  and  in  1485  Preb. 
of  Lincoln.  He  also  filled  the  place  of  divinity-reader  in 
Magdalen  College,  Oxford.  Being  enthusiastically  devoted 
to  the  study  of  the  Greek  language,  probably  from  the  in 
fluence  of  Vitelli,  he  visited  Italy  for  the  sake  of  perfect 
ing  his  knowledge  of  this  tongue,  and  studied  for  some 
time  under  Demetrius,  Chalcondyles,  and  Politian.  In 
1491  he  settled  at  Exeter  College,  Oxford,  and  publicly 
taught  the  Greek  language,  advocating  a  new  pronuncia 
tion,  which  encountered  violent  opposition.  The  Uni 
versity  divided  itself  into  two  factions,  the  Greeks  and  the 
Trojans,  who,  not  content  with  philological  polemics,  and 
forgetting  that  inter  arma  leges  silent,  resorted  finally  to 
open  hostilities.  Of  Grocyn's  earnest  devotion  to  Greek 
literature  we  have  ample  evidence  on  record : 

"  Recens  tune  ex  Italia  venerat  Grocinus  qui  primus  e&  setate 
Grsecas  literas  in  Angliam  invexerat,  Oxoniique  publics  professus 
fuerat  &  cujus  sodali  Thoma  Lynacro  (Morus)  Graecas  literaa 
Oxonii  didicit." — STAPLETON  :  In  lib.  cut  tit.  De  Tribus  Tliamis,  in 
Tho.  More,  cap.  i. 

"  Grocinus,  qui  prima  Grsecae  et  Latinje  linguae  rudimenta  in 
Britannia  hausit,  mox  solidiorem  iisdem  operam  sub  Demetrio 
Chalcondyle  et  Politiano  praeceptoribus  in  Italia  hausit."— LILLY  : 
Elogia  virorum  doctorum  ;  in  Knight's  Life,  of  (Met.  p.  24. 

"Ipse  Grocinus,  cujus  exemplum  affers,  nonne  primum  iq 
Anglia  Graecie  linguae  rudimenta  didicit  ?  Post  in  Italiam  pro- 
fectus  audivit  summos  viros,  sed  interim  lucro  fuit  ilia  prius  4 
qualibuscunque  didicisse."— ERASMCS  :  Epist.  CCCLXIII. 

A  Latin  epistle  of  Grocyn's  to  Aldus  Manutius  is  pre- 


GRO 

fixed  to  Linacre's  trans,  of  Proclus  de  Sphsera,  printed  at 
Venice,  1449,  fol. 

"There  is  nothing  extant  of  his  but  this  epistle:  indeed,  a  very 
elaborate  and  acute  one,  and  written  in  good  Latin.  ...  He  was 
of  so  nice  a  taste  that  he  had  rather  write  nothing  than  write  ill. 
—ERASMUS. 

Erasmus  was  the  friend,  perhaps  the  pupil,  of  Grocyn, 
and  may  therefore  be  supposed  to  have  been  well  informed  j 
but  Bale,  Tanner,  and  Leland  ascribe  some  other  works  to 
Grocyn.  See  these  authorities ;  also  Bliss's  Wood's  Athen. 
.Oxon.j  Wood's  Annals;  Jortin  and  Knight's  Lives  of 
Erasmus;  Knight's  Life  of  Colet;  Hallam's  Lit.  Hist  of 

UGroom,  John  Hinden.     Serm.,  1809. 

Groombridge,  Stephen.  1.  Atmospherical  Refrac 
tion,  Phil.  Trans.,  1814.  2.  Fixed  Stars,  Trans.  Soc.,  Edin., 
1815. 

Groombridge,  Wm.     Sonnets,  Lon.,  1789,  8vo. 

Groome,  John.  The  Historical  Collection,  Lon., 
1710,  8vo.  This  work  sets  forth  the  good  works,  books,  &c. 
of  the  English  clergy. 

Groome,  Nicholas.  Purgatories  Knell,  Lon.,  1615, 
4to. 

Gros,  C.     French  educational  works,  Lon.,  1811-18. 

Gros,  Charles  Henry.    Funl.  Oration,  1807,  fol. 

Gros,  Rev.  John  Daniel,  Prof,  of  Moral  Philos.  in 
Columbia  Coll.,  N.  York,  was  a  native  of  Germany.  Natu 
ral  Principles  of  Rectitude,  <fcc. :  a  Systematic  Treatise  on 
Moral  Philosophy,  1795,  8vo. 

Grose,  Robert.    See  GROSSE. 

Grose,  Francis,  1731-1791,  a  native  of  Greenford, 
Middlesex,  held  a  place  in  the  Heralds'  College,  which  he 
resigned  in  1763.  He  was  adjutant  and  paymaster  of  the 
Surrey  militia,  but  devoted  much  of  his  time  to  travelling 
through  England,  Scotland,  and  Wales,  sketching  views 
and  gathering  the  materials  of  the  valuable  works  which 
he  subsequently  gave  to  the  world.  1.  Antiq.  of  England 
and  Wales,  Lon.,  1773-76,  4  vols.  sup.  r.  4to.  Supp., 
1786-87,  2  vols.  sup.  r.  4to.  The  best  ed.  A  collec.  of 
Plans  to  the  above;  33  plates,  1776,  r.  4to.  2d  ed.  of  the 
Antiq.  of  England  and  Wales,  1783,  8  vols.  imp.  Svo.  The 
eds.  in  4to  pub.  by  Stockdale  are  not  valued.  2.  The 
Antiq.  of  Scotland,  1789-91,  2  vols.  imp.  Svo.  Large 
paper,  sup.  r.  4to,  with  proof-plates.  3.  The  Antiq.  of 
Ireland,  1791-95,  2  vols.  imp.  Svo.  Large  paper,  sup.  r. 
4to,  with  proof-plates.  The  historical  and  descriptive 
parts  were  written  by  Dr.  Ledwich;  and  his  Antiq.  of 
Ireland,  best  ed.,  1804,  4to,  should  accompany  this  work. 
4.  Treatise  on  Ancient  Armour  and  Weapons,  1785-86,  4to. 
Supp.,  1789,  4to.  This  work  is  annexed  to  the  2d  ed.  of 
the  Military  Antiq.  5.  Classical  Dictionary  of  the  Vulgar 
Tongue,  1785,  '88,  '96,  1811,  Svo.  New  ed.,  by  Pierce 
Egan,  182.3,  Svo.  6.  Military  Antiq.  resp.  a  Hist,  of  the 
English  Army  from  the  Conquest  to  the  Present  Time, 
1786-88,  4to:  1801,  2  vols.  4to.  Bested.  7.  A  Provincial 
Glossary,  1787,  '90,  Svo.  With  Pegge's  Supp.,  (1814,) 
1838,  Svo.  Pegge's  Supp.  contains  above  1000  additional 
words.  It  was  appended  to  Pegge's  Anecdotes  of  the 
English  Language,  1814,  Svo ;  3d  ed.,  1844,  Svo.  8.  Rules 
for  drawing  Caricatures,  1788,  '91,  1810,  Svo.  Reprinted 
in  vol.  i.  of  the  new  ed.  of  The  Antiq.  Repertory,  1807,  <tc. 
9.  The  Grumbler  :  16  Essays,  1791,  12mo.  Originally  pub. 
in  The  English  Chronicle.  An  improved  ed.  was  pub.  in 
The  Olio.  10.  The  Olio,  1793,  Svo.  By  Grose  and  others. 
11.  A  Guide  to  Health,  Beauty,  Riches,  and  Honour,  1783, 
Svo ;  1785.  12.  An  Ancient  Fortification  ;  Archaeol.,  1779. 
13.  Ancient  Spurs;  Archaeol.,  1787.  Grose  was  one  of  the 
conductors  of  The  Antiquarian  Repertory,  1775-84,  4  vols. 
4to;  2d  ed.,  1807-09,  4  vols.  4to;  pub.  Rev.  Wm.  Darell's 
Hist,  of  Dover  Castle,  1786,  imp.  Svo;  large  paper,  1797, 
imp.  4to  ;  and  to  him  has  been  ascribed  Geoffrey  Gambado's 
Academy  for  Grown  Horsemen,  1787,  '91,  fol.  But  this  is 
also  attributed  to  Henry  Bunbury.  Grose's  habits,  espe 
cially  in  early  life,  were  of  too  convivial  a  character  for 
either  his  purse  or  reputation ;  and  many  a  jolly  circle  of 
"  good  fellows"  could  answer  promptly  in  the  affirmative 
the  query  of  Burns  the  poet, 

"  Ken  ye  aught  of  Captain  Grose  ?" 

Noble's  sketch  of  his  figure  and  peculiarities  is  truly 
graphic.  See  European  Mag.,  1791 ;  Gent.  Mag.,  1791 ; 
Chalmers's  Biog.  Diet 

Grose,  John.  1.  Ethics,  Lon.,  1782,  Svo.  2.  Occas. 
Serais.,  1782-97.  3.  Serms.,  6  vols.,  1800-16. 

Grose,  John  Henry.  Voyage  to  the  E.  Indies, 
1750-64,  Lon.,  1766,  Svo;  1772,  2  vols.  Svo.  In  French, 
Paris,  1758,  12mo. 

Grose,  Sir  Nash,  d.  1814,  aged  74.     Substance  of  a 
Charge  to  the  Grand  Jury,  «fcc.,  Lon.,  1796,  Svo. 
746 


GRO 

Gross,  Baron.    Duties  of  an  Officer  in  the  Field, 

Lon.,  1801,  Svo. 

Gross,  Samuel  D.,  M.D.,  b.  near  Easton,  Penna.,  8th 
July,  1805,  Prof,  of  Surgery  in  the  Jefferson  Medical  Col 
lege,  Phila.,  and  formerly  in  the  University  of  Louisville, 
Ky.  1.  General  Anatomy,  Phila.,  1S28,  Svo.  2.  Anat. 
and  Diseases  of  the  Bones  and  Joints,  1830.  3.  Operative 
Surgery,  1829.  4.  Obstetrics.  5.  Wounds  of  the  Intestines. 
6.  Patholog.  Anatomy.  7.  Foreign  Bodies  in  the  Air- 
Passages,  1850,  Svo. 

It  is  a  complete  summary  of  the  whole  subject,  and  will  be  a 
useful  book  of  reference."— Brit,  and  For.  Med.-Chir.  Rev. 
8.  Diseases  of  the  Urinary  Bladder,  &c.,  1851-56,  Svo. 
"  A  work  worthy  of  his  high  reputation." —  West .  Jour,  of  Med. 
and  Surg. 

1.  Results  of  Surgical  Operations  in  Malignant  Diseases, 
1853,  8vo.  10.  Discourse  on  the  Life,  Character,  and  Ser 
vices  of  Daniel  Drake,  M.D.,  1853,  Svo.  11.  Report  on 
the  Causes  which  Retard  the  Progress  of  American  Medical 
Literature,  1856,  Svo.  12.  North  American  Medico-Chir. 
Review,  edited  by  himself  and  Dr.  T.  G.  Richardson.  13. 
A  System  of  Surgery,  now  in  course  of  preparation.  Prof. 
Gross  has  been  for  some  time  engaged  on  an  American 
Medical  Biography,  which  we  doubt  not  will  prove  a  most 
acceptable  addition  to  the  professional  and  general  library. 
In  June,  1856,  he  accepted  the  appointment  of  Professor 
of  the  Institutes  and  Practice  of  Surgery  in  the  Jefferson 
Medical  College  of  Phila.,  where  he  now  resides. 

Grosse,  or  Gross,  Alexander,  d.  1654,  Vicar  of 
Ashburton.  Theolog.  treatises,  Lon.,  1632-63. 

Grosse,  Robert.  Royalty  and  Loyalty,  Lon.,  1647, 
4to. 

Grosse,  Robert  le.  See  LE  GROSSE. 
Grosse,  Wm.  Medical  treatises,  Lon.,  1708,  both  Svo. 
Grosseteste,  Grostete,  or  Grosthead,  Robert, 
1175  P-1253,  a  native  of  Stradbrooke,  Suffolk,  was  educated 
at  Oxford  and  Paris;  Archdeacon  of  Leicester,  1222; 
Bishop  of  Lincoln,  1234.  His  name  has  no  less  than 
twelve  different  modes  of  spelling.  He  was  a  man  of  great 
learning,  and  an  undaunted  opposer  of  the  usurpations  of 
the  See  of  Rome.  For  an  account  of  his  life  and  works — 
theological,  philosophical,  poetical,  &c. — we  refer  to  S. 
Pegge's  biography  of  him,  1793,  4to ;  to  Milner's  Church 
Hist ;  and  to  Archaeol.,  vol.  xiii.  Pegge's  list  of  his  works 
occupies  25  pp.  4to;  but  few  of  them  have  been  pub. 
Among  these  are  Opuscula  Varia;  Compendium  Sphaera 
Mundi;  Commentarius  in  Lib.  poster.  Aristotelis;  Dis 
courses;  Letters. 

"  By  a  knowledge  of  Greek,  when  we  find  it  asserted  of  some 
medieval  theologian  like  Grostete,  we  are  not  to  understand  an 
acquaintance  with  the  great  classical  authors,  who  were  latent  in 
eastern  monasteries,  but  the  power  of  reading  some  petty  treatise 
of  the  fathers,  or,  as  in  this  instance,  [Grostete's  trans,  of  the  Tes 
tament  of  the  Twelve  Patriarchs  from  Greek  into  Latin,]  an  apo 
cryphal  legend,  or  at  best,  perhaps,  some  of  the  later  commentators 
on  Aristotle.  Grostete  was  a  man  of  considerable  merit,  but  has 
had  his  share  of  applause." — Hallam's  Lit.  Hist,  of  Europe. 

Grosvenor,  Lord.  Leaves  from  my  Journal,  Lon., 
1854,  12mo. 

Grosvenor,  or  Grovenor,  Benjamin,  D.D.,  1675- 
1758,  a  native  of  London,  pastor  of  an  Independent  con 
gregation,  and  one  of  the  Lecturers  at  Sailer's  Hall,  Lon 
don,  pub.  a  number  of  occasional  serms.,  and  some  theolog. 
treatises,  of  which  The  Mourner,  and  The  Essay  on  Health, 
are  the  best-known.  Serms.,  now  first  collected,  with 
Memoir  by  J.  Davies,  and  Pref.  by  Dr.  Bogue,  1808,  Svo. 
"A  most  popular  preacher;  in  whose  compositions  there  is  a 
strange  mixture  of  familiar  and  pathetic;  many  strong  figures  of 
speech,  especially  the  prosopopoeia  and  dialogism,  beyond  any  other 
writer  of  his  age." — I)R.  DODDRIDGE. 

"  His  language  is  always  pure,  his  sentences  well  formed,  and 
his  ideas  embellished  with  the  most  appropriate  decorations."— 
Wilson's  Dissenters. 

The  vol.  of  Eastcheap  Lectures,  new  ed.,  1810,  2  vols. 
12mo,  contains  24  serms.  by  Grosvenor,  Bradford,  Earle, 
Harris,  Newman,  and  Reynolds. 

"To  recommend  such  a  work  it  is  only  necessary  to  state  its 
subjects,  [on  Singing,  Prayer,  Hearing  and  Reading  the  Scrip 
tures,]  and  to  name  the  distinguished  preachers  by  whom  they 
were  discussed.  Incitements,  cautions,  illustrations,  improve 
ments,  are  all  judiciously  blended.  .  .  .  The  excellence  of  the 
volumes  speaks  their  own  praise,  and  secures  their  reputation. 
They  cannot  fail  to  prove  an  acceptable  present  to  the  religious 
world."— REV.  W.  B.  COLLYER,  D.D. 

Grosvenor,  Countess  H.,  now  Marchioness  of 
Westminster.  Yacht  Voyage  in  the  Mediterranean,  Lon., 
1842,  2  vols.  p.  Svo. 

"It  is  simply  a  sensible,  healthy,  and  well-written  work,  utterly 
free  from  all  affectations,  and  especially  from  that  which  apes 
humility,  and  betraying  the  woman  of  rank  chiefly  in  the  total 
absence  of  all  attempt  to  display  it."— MiS3  RIGBY:  Lady  Travel 
lert,  Lon.  Quar.  J£ev.,  Ixxvi.  98-137. 


GRO 

Grote,  George,  M.P.,  the  historian  of  Greece,  b. 
1794,  at  Clay  Hall,  near  Berkenham,  Kent,  England,  is  a 
son  of  Mr.  Grote,  of  the  well-known  banking-house  esta 
blished  by  Mr.  George  Prescott,  and  the  grandfather  of 
the  subject  of  this  notice.  Mr.  Grote  was  for  some  time  a 
clerk  in  the  banking-house,  and  at  a  later  period  of  life 
divided  ais  attention  between  literature  and  politics,  but 
for  some  time  past  has  devoted  his  hours  exclusively  to  the 
former.  In  addition  to  the  great  work  by  which  he  is  best 
known  and  will  be  honoured  to  the  latest  period  of  time, 
he  is  the  author  of  a  pamphlet  (pub.  anonymously  in  1821) 
in  reply  to  Sir  James  Mackintosh's  Essay  on  Parliamentary 
Keform,  in  the  Edinburgh  Review;  a  work  on  the  Essen 
tials  of  Parliamentary  Reform ;  an  article  on  Mitford,  in 
the  Westminster  Review,  and  one  on  Niebuhr's  Heroic 
Legends  of  Greece,  in  the  London  and  Westminster  Re 
view.  The  name  of  Niebuhr  appropriately  introduces  the 
expression  of  his  warm  interest  in  Mr.  Grote's  History  of 
Greece,  which  was  commenced  1823: 

"Endeavour  to  become  acquainted  with  Mr.  Grote,  who  is  en 
gaged  on  a  Greek  History ;  he,  too,  will  receive  you  well  if  you  take 
him  my  regards.  If  you  become  better  acquainted  with  him,  it  is 
worth  your  while  to  obtain  the  proof-sheets  of  his  work,  in  order 
to  translate  it.  I  expect  a  great  deal  from  this  production,  and  I 
will  get  you  a  publisher  here." — Niebuhr,  the  Historian,  to  Professor 
Lieber,  in  1827. 

The  publication  of  the  vols.  of  Mr.  Grote's  History  was 
as  follows :— Vols.  L,  II.,  1846;  III.,  IV.,  1847;  .V.,  VI., 
1849;  VII.,  VIIL,  1850;  IX.,  X.,  1852;  XL,  1853;  XIL, 
1855.  Of  Vol.  XIL,  1200  copies  were  sold  in  one  week. 
2d  ed.  of  Vols.  L,  II.,  III.,  and  IV.,  1849;  3d  ed.,  1851. 
2d  ed.  of  Vols.  V.  and  VI.,  1851.  In  commendation  of 
this  truly  great  production,  critics  who  seldom  agree  are 
glad  to  unite  their  suffrages.  The  London  Quarterly  de 
clares  that  the  author  has 

"Incontestably  won  for  himself  the  title  not  merely  of  a  histo 
rian,  but  of  the  historian,  of  Greece." — xcix.  384. 

The  Edinburgh  Review  assures  us  that 

"  He  will  be  remembered  not  only  as  the  first  who  has  seriously 
tinder  taken  a  philosophical  history  of  Greece,  but  as  one  who  will 
have  made  great  steps  towards  accomplishing  it." — Ixxxiv.  345. — 
Notice  of  vols.  i.  and  ii.  The  succeeding  volumes  are  noticed  in 
the  same  laudatory  terms. 

The  Athenaeum  styles  the  history 

"  A  great  literary  undertaking,  equally  notable  whether  we  re 
gard  it  as  an  accession  of  standard  value  in  our  language,  or  as  an 
honourable  monument  of  what  English  scholarship  can  do." 

The  Spectator  remarks  that 

"His  familiarity  with  the  great  highways  and  the  obscure  by 
paths  of  Grecian  literature  and  antiquity  has  seldom  been  equalled, 
and  not  often  approached  to,  in  unlearned  England;  while  those 
Germans  who  have  rivalled  it  have  seldom  possessed  the  quality 
which  eminently  characterizes  Mr.  Grote,  of  keeping  historical 
imagination  severely  under  the  restraints  of  evidence." 

The  Examiner  is  not  less  enthusiastic  in  the  expression 
of  its  admiration : 

"  If  there  existed  any  doubt  of  Mr.  Grote's  qualifications  for  this 
weighty  undertaking,  it  was,  whether  he  would  bring  to  it  the 
amount  of  imaginative  feeling  necessary  to  sustain  and  inform 
his  scholarship.  We  confess  that  these  volumes  are  a  surprise  to 
•us  in  that  respect.  The  acute  intelligence,  the  discipline,  faculty 
of  intellect,  and  the  excellent  erudition,  every  one  would  look  for 
from  Mr. Grote;  but  they  will  here  also  find  the  element  which 
harmonizes  these,  and  without  which,  on  such  a  theme,  an  orderly 
and  solid  work  could  not  have  been  written.  Poetry  and  Philo 
sophy  attend  the  historian  on  either  hand,  and  do  not  impede  or 
misguide  his  steps." 

The  eulogy  of  the  distinguished  historian  of  modern 
Europe  is  no  insignificant  reward  for  even  such  protracted 
and  laborious  researches  as  have  tested  the  patience,  the 
learning,  and  the  fidelity  of  the  historian  of  Greece : 

"A  decided  liberal,  perhaps  even  a  republican,  in  politics,  Mr. 
Grote  has  laboured  to  counteract  the  influence  of  Mitford  in  Gre 
cian  history,  and  construct  a  history  of  Greece  from  authentic 
materials,  which  should  illustrate  the  animating  influence  of 
democratic  freedom  upon  the  exertions  of  the  human  mind.  In 
the  prosecution  of  this  attempt  he  has  displayed  an  extent  of 
learning,  a  variety  of  research,  a  power  of  combination,  which  are 
worthy  of  the  very  highest  praise,  and  -have  secured  for  him  a 
lasting  place  among  the  historians  of  modern  Europe." — SIR 
ARCHIBALD  ALISON  :  Hist,  of  Europe  from  the  Fall  of  Napoleon,  in 
1815,  to  the  Accession  of  Louis  Napoleon,  in  1852. 

We  could  easily  multiply  commendations,  but  must  be 
content  to  refer  the.  reader  to  the  articles — which  no  histo 
rical  student  should  neglect — on  Mr.  Grote's  History,  in  the 
Westminster  Rev.,  xlvi.  381;  Blackwood's  Mag.,  Ixii.  129; 
Dubl.  Univ.  Mag.,  xxviii.  201;  xxxv.  753;  Eclectic  Rev., 
4th  S.,  xx.  257 ;  xxii.  289  ;  Christian  Rev.,  xvi.  481 ;  Chris 
tian  Exam.,  xlviii.  292;  N.  Amer.  Rev.,  Ixxviii.  150.  See 
also  The  London  Quarterly,  vols.  Ixxxvi.  and  Ixxxviii.; 
Edin.  Rev.,  vols.  Ixxxiv.,  xci.,  and  xciv. 

Grove,  Hon.  Mrs.  C.  Calendar  of  Nature ;  or,  The 
Seasons  of  England,  edited  with  Pref.  by  Lord  John  Rus- 


GRTT 

sell:  24  large  plates,  containing   several   hundred    col'd 
figures  of  Birds,  Fruits,  &c.,  Lon.,  Pts.  1  to  4,  fol.,  1849-50. 

Grove,  Edward.     Serm.,  1702,  4to. 

Grove,  Henry,  1683-1738,  a  Dissenting  divine,  a  na 
tive  of  Taunton,  Somersetshire,  was  one  of  the  Masters  of 
the  academy  at  Taunton,  where  he  had  been  educated,  and 
preached  to  two  congregations  in  the  neighbourhood.  He 
was  the  author  of  Nos.  581,  601,  626,  and  635,  of  The  Spec 
tator.  He  pub.  a  number  of  discourses  and  theolog.  trea 
tises,  among  which  those  on  Prayer,  the  Lord's  Supper, 
Faith,  a  Future  State,  the  Soul's  Immortality,  and  Christ's 
Resurrection,  are  best  known.  The  collective  edits,  of  his 
works  comprise  12  vols.,  viz.:  1.  Serms.  and  Tracts,  being 
his  Posthumous  Works,  3d  ed.,  Lon.,  1745,  4  vols.  8vo. 
2.  Serms.,  being  two  addit.  vols.  of  the  Posth.  Works,  1742, 
2  vols.  8vo.  3.  Works,  containing  all  the  Serms.,  Dis 
courses,  and  Tracts  pub.  in  his  lifetime,  1747,  4  vols.  8vo. 
4.  A  System  of  Moral  Philosophy,  edited  by  Dr.  T.  Amory, 
with  a  Memoir  of  his  Life  and  Writings,  2d  ed.,  1749,  2 
vols.  8vo. 

"  Resembles  Watts,  but  more  nervous.  His  sermons  are  written 
with  an  elegance  of  diction  rarely  to  be  met  with.  He  has  many 
judicious  and  new  thoughts,  disposed  in  a  method  quite  peculiar, 
and  expressed  with  force  and  elegance.  Every  paragraph  he  wrote 
is  worthy  of  attentive  perusal." — DR.  DODDRIDGE. 

"  This  eminent  Nonconformist  was  one  of  the  most  beautiful 
writers  of  his  age.  He  excels  in  elegant  diction  and  sweetness 
of  temper."— Dr.  E.  Williams's  C.  P. 

"If  every  grace  that  e'er  the  good  adorn'd, 
If  every  science  that  the  wisest  learn'd, 
Could  merit  thy  regard  and  ask  thy  love, 
Behold  them  join'd,  and  weep  them  lost  in  Grove." 

See  Biog.  Brit. ;  Life  by  Amory,  prefixed  to  his  Posth. 
Works;  Drake's  Biog.  and  Grit.  Essays,  Illust.  of  the 
Tatler,  Spectator,  and  Guardian,  iii.  200-215. 

Grove,  Joseph,  an  attorney  of  Richmond,  England, 
d.  1764,  wrote  The  Life  and  Times  of  Cardinal  Wolsey, 
Lon.,  1742-44,  4  vols.  8vo;  The  Lives  of  the  Earls  and 
Dukes  of  Devonshire,  descended  from  Sir  Wm.  Cavendish, 
1764,  8vo;  and  some  political  and  other  works. 

Grove,  Matthew.  The  Most  Famous  and  Tragicall 
Historic  of  Pelops  and  Hippodamia,  Ac.,  Lon.,  1587,  4to. 
A  poetical  work. 

"  I  never  saw,  or  heard  of,  another  copy  of  this  book :  neither 
is  it  mentioned  by  Ames  or  Herbert."— JUS.  note  in  a  fly-leaf  of  a 
copy  of  this  book  by  Ritson. 

Another  copy  has  since  been  found,  and  was — perhaps 
still  is — in  the  library  collected  by  the  Marquis  of  Stafford. 
A  copy  marked,  in  the  Bibl.  Anglo-Poet.,  315,  £30,  was 
resold  at  Saunders's  in  1818  for  £25  4*.  See  Bibl.  Anglo- 
Poet.,pp.  133,  134. 

Grove,  Robert,  d.  1696,  Bishop  of  Chichester,  1691, 
pub.  seven  tracts  against  Romanism,  1676-89,  and  two 
Serms.,  1690,  '95.  One  of  his  tracts  will  be  found  in  vol. 
i.  of  Collection  of  Cases,  &c.,  3d  ed.,  1718,  3  vols.  8vo,  and 
two  in  Gibson's  Preservative,  iv.  96,  vi.  1. 

Grove,  W.  R.  The  Correlation  of  Physical  Forces, 
Lon.,  1846,  '51,  '55,  8vo. 

Grovenor,  Benjamin.    See  GROSVENOR. 

Grover,  H.  M.,  Rector  of  Hitcham,  Bucks.  Theolog., 
dramat.,  and  other  works,  Lon.,  1828-47. 

Groves,  Rev.  John.  1.  A  Greek  and  Eng.  Lexicon, 
3d  ed.,  Glasg.,  1829,  8vo;  7th  ed.,  Lon.,  1839;  10th  ed., 
1849 ;  llth  ed.,  1853.  All  the  inflections  in  the  N.  Test., 
and  many  of  the  more  difficult  ones  that  occur  in  other 
Greek  writings,  will  be  found  in  this  work.  2.  Rudiments 
of  the  Greek  Gram.,  1845,  12mo. 

Groves,  W.  Revelations,  Ac. ;  also  Hebrew,  German, 
and  Eng.  Gram,  and  Lexicon,  Lon.,  1838,  12mo. 

Groves,  Webber,  b.  1697,  d.  in  America,  1793. 
Treat,  on  the  Commercial  Intercourse  between  G.  Brit,  and 
America. 

Gruchy,  Martin.     Serm.,  1728,  8vo. 

Grueber,  Rev.  C.  S.  Holy  Baptism,  Lon.,  1850, 8vo. 

Gruggen,  F.  J.     On  Oaths,  Camb.,  1845,  8vo. 

Grund,  Francis  J.,  a  native  of  Germany,  for  many 
years  a  resident  of  the  U.  States  of  America.  1.  The 
Americans  in  their  Moral,  Social,  and  Political  Relations, 
Lon.,  1837,  2  vols.  8vo;  Boat.,  1837,  1  vol.  12mo. 

^  In  approaching  the  consideration  of  its  merits,  we  are  struck 
with  the  singular  correctness,  force,  and  often  eloquence,  of  the 
style  in  which  it  is  written.  The  style  would  do  high  credit  to 
any  native,  and  to  the  manner  born ;  in  a  foreigner  it  seems  won 
derful.  .  .  .  The  idiom  of  our  language,  which  is  often  so  subtle, 
and  eludes  the  grasp  of  the  severest  study,  Mr.  Grund  uses  with 
great  and  almost  unfailing  accuracy.  An  English  critic  has  said 
that  he  has  scarcely  ever  offended  in  this  particular,  except  when 
he  attempts  poetical  versions  from  Schiller  or  Goethe.  ...  To  a 
foreigner  who  is  interested  in  the  country  Mr.  Grund's  work  will 
be  of  great  value,  from  the  amount  of  information  which  it  con 
veys.  No  other  work,  within  our  knowledge,  presents  a  view  so 
complete  of  our  resources  in  every  department  of  life.  .  .  .  Mr 


GRU 

Grund  is  a  thorough  democrat.  He  uphold*  the  cause  of  the  many 
against  the  few.  and  takes  every  opportunity  to  enforce  the  im 
portance  of  religious  and  political  freedom.  The  latter  he  esti 
mates  as  the  two  most  prominent  moral  causes  which  promoted 
the  trade  of  Holland  and  the  United  States."— CHARLES  SUMNSR  : 
Jf.  Amer.  Rev.,  xlvi.  106-126,  q.  v. 

And  see  a  review  of  this  work  by  S.  Gilman  in  I  he 
Christian  Examiner,  xxiv.  296,  and  another  in  the  Eclectic 
Rev.,  4th  S.,  ii.  51. 

2.  Aristocracy  in  America.  (From  the  Sketch-Book  of  a 
German  Nobleman.)  Edited  by  Francis  Grund,  Lon., 
1839,  2  vols.  Svo. 

«  We  assume  this  work  to  be  written  by  Mr.  Grund,  though  he 
is  professedly  only  the  editor.    He  has  given  two  whole  volumes 
of  sketches  of  manners;  but  the  vast  majority  are  caricatures,  with 
out  point,  hint,  or  even  vraisemblancc f-Lon.  Athen    183 9,  947. 
See  also  The  Museum,  (Phila.,)  xxxvn.  349-354. 
Grundy,  John.     Serins.,  1808,  '10,  '12,  all  Svo.    See 
Dr.  E.  Williams's  Christian  Preacher. 

G  rimer,  Louis.  1.  Decorations  of  the  garden  Pavil 
ion  at  Buckingham  Palace,  Lon.,  1846,  sm.  fol.,  15  plates, 
£1  11*.  6rf. ;  col'd,  £5  5*.  2.  The  Mosaics  of  the  Cupola 
in  Capella  Chigiana  at  Rome,  1850,  fol.,  £1  11*.  6d.  3. 
Specimens  of  Ornamental  Art,  1850,  fol.,  87  plates,  £12 
12*.  4.  Fresco  Decorations  and  Stuccoes  in  Italy,  1854, 
imp.  fol.,  56  plates. 

Grymeston,  Grimeston,  or  Grimston,  Eliza 
beth.  Miscellanea.  Meditations.  Memoratiues.  Lon., 
1604,  4to.  Bibl.  Anglo-Poet,  304,  £6  6*.  Another  ed., 
sine  anno,  12mo. 

"  The  poetry  of  this  rare  work  is  indifferent  enough,  but  it  con 
tains  some  judicious  maxims." — WaWs  Bibl.  Brit. 

Gryndall,  or  Grindal,  Will.  Hawking,  Hunting, 
Fouling  and  Fishing,  Lon.,  1596,  4to. 

Gubbins,  Martin  R.  Mutinies  in  Oudh,Lon.,1858,8vo. 

Gude,  R.     Prac.  Cr.  Side  Ct.  K.  Bench,  1828,  2  vols. 

Guernsey,  Miss  Lucy  Ellen.    1.  Alice  and  Bessie. 

2.  Irish  Amy.    3.  Comfort  Allison.   4.  Kitty  Maynard.    5. 

Jenny  and  the  Insects.     6.  Upward  and  Onward.     7.  The 

Orphan  Nieces.     8.  The  Naughty  Kitten. 

Guest,  Lady  Charlotte,  a  native  of  Wales,  has 
gained  great  reputation  by  the  publication  of  The  Mabino- 
gion,  from  the  Llyfr  Coch  o  Hergest  and  other  Ancient 
Welsh  Manuscripts,  with  English  Translation  and  Notes, 
7  Pts.,  forming  3  vols.  r.  8vo,  1838-49,  Lon.,  Longman 
&  Co. ;  Llandovery,  W.  Rees. 

"  I  may  surely  venture  to  say,  that  if  the  Elzevirs,  and  Bodonis, 
and  Didots,  must  hide  their  diminished  heads  before  our  Llando 
very  Printer,  we  may  challenge  comparison  with  all  the  learned 
ladies  who  have  adorned  the  literature  of  Europe,  for  her  whose 
works  his  labours  have  contributed  to  embellish." — DR.  THIRL- 
WELL  :  Bishop  of  St.  David's. 

Guest,  Edward.  Hist,  of  English  Rhythms,  from 
the  5th  Cent,  downwards,  Lon.,  1838,  2  vols.  Svo. 

Guidot,  or  Guidott,  Thomas,  M.D.,  pub.  a  num 
ber  of  works  upon  the  waters  of  Bath,  Islington,  Ac., 
1669-1705.  Collection  of  Treatises  concerning  the  City 
and  Waters  of  Bath,  1725,  Svo. 

Guild,  Reuben  A.,  Librarian  of  Brown  University, 
Providence,  R.I.,  b.  1822,  in  West  Dedham,  Mass.,  grad. 
Brown  Univ.,  1847.  The  Librarian's  Manual :  A  Treatise 
on  Bibliography,  comprising  a  Select  and  Descriptive  List 
of  Bibliographical  Works ;  to  which  are  added  Sketches 
of  Public  Libraries,  Illustrated  with  Engravings,  N.  York, 
Charles  B.  Norton,  Agent  for  Libraries,  MDCCCLVIIL, 
sm.  4to,  pp.  304.  Beautifully  printed  in  Old  English  cha 
racter.  The  First  Part  consists  of  a  descriptive  list  of  495 
separate  works,  comprising  1967  volumes  of  such  biblio 
graphical  works  as  are  considered  to  be  of  the  first  import 
ance  for  a  library  apparatus.  The  Second  Part  contains 
historical  sketches  of  fourteen  of  the  largest  public  libraries 
in  Europe  and  America.  We  recommend  Mr.  Guild's  volume 
to  all  who  take  an  interest — and  every  lover  of  books  should 
take  an  interest— in  the  important  subject  of  which  it  ex 
pressly  treats. 

Guild,  Wm.,  D.D.,  1586-1657,  a  native  of  Aberdeen, 
educated  at  Marischal  Coll.,  became  minister  of  the 
parish  of  King  Edward,  and  in  1631  one  of  the  ministers 
of  Aberdeen ;  Principal  of  King's  Coll.,  Aberdeen,  1640 ; 
deposed  for  his  attachment  to  the  royal  cause,  1651.  He 
was  a  man  of  learning,  ability,  and  great  benevolence  of 
character.  In  addition  to  the  following  works,  he  pub.  a 
number  of  tracts  against  popery,  and  upon  other  subjects. 
1.  The  Harmony  of  all  the  Prophets  cone.  Christ's  Com 
ing,  <fcc.,  Lon.,  1619,  8vp ;  1658, 12uao.  2.  Moses  Unveiled 
or,  The  Types  of  Christ  in  Moses  explained,  1620,  Svo 
Often  reprinted.  New  ed.,  with  The  Harmony,  <fcc.,  Edin 
1839,  r.  8vo. 

"  Not  remarkable  for  its  depth  and  judiciousness."— Ormc5 
Bibl.  Bib. 

748 


GUM 

3.  Explic.  of  Book  of  Revelations,  Aberd.,  1656, 16mo. 
"  Very  spiritual." — Bickersteth. 

4.  Explic.  of  the   Song  of  Solomon,  Lon.,   1658,  8vo. 
>.  The  Throne  of  David ;  or,  an  Expos,  of  the  2d  Book 

f  Samuel,  Oxf.,  1659,  4to.  Posth. ;  pub.  by  Dr.  John 
Owen.  See  Life  of  Dr.  Guild,  by  Dr.  Shirreffs,  2d  ed., 
Aberd.,  1799,  8vo.  Pref.  to  his  Expos,  of  Samuel. 

"Dr.  William  Guild  possessed  not  only  the  talents  of  a  man 
ruly  great,  but  the  still  more  amiable  qualities  of  one  eminently 
good." — DR.  SHIRREFFS. 

Guildford,  Charles.  His  Memoirs,  Lon.,  1761, 
2  vols. 

Guilford.     See  NORTH. 

Guilhermin,  Mary.     Letters,  Lon.,  1766,  8vo. 

Guillim,  John,  1565  F-1621,  Rouge-Croix  Pursuiv 
ant  of  Arms,  1617-21,  was  the  publisher  of  John  of 
3archam's  Display  of  Heraldry,  best  ed.,  (the  6th,)  Lon., 
L724,  fol.,  and  has  already  been  noticed  in  our  life  of 
Barcham.  Guillim  made  some  additions  to  Barcham's 
MS. ;  but  the  latter  is  entitled  to  the  reputation  which 
jruillim  has  acquired.  A  collation  of  the  Display  of  Her 
aldry  will  be  found  in  Lowndes's  Bibl.  Man. 

Guiscard  or  Guichard  de  Beaulieu,  temp.  Ste 
phen,  was  the  author  of  a  poem  entitled  '  The  Sermon  of 
jruiscard'  de  Beaulieu,  of  which  MSS.  are  in  the  British 
Museum  and  the  Bibliotheque  Royale  at  Paris.  From 
;he  latter  MS.,  M.  Achille  Jubinal  pub.  the  poem  (pour  la 
jremiere  fois)  in  1834,  Paris,  8vo. 

"  The  style  bears  marks  of  much  greater  poetical  talent  than  is 
observed  in  the  poems  of  Everard  and  Samson  de  Nanteuil,  and 
frequently  exhibits  considerable  elegance  and  energy  of  expres 
sion." —  Wright's  Biog.  Brit.  Lit.,  q.  v. 

Guise,  Samuel.     Serm.,  1724,  8vo. 

Guise,  Samuel.  Catalogue  of  a  Collection  of  MSS. 
collected  in  Hindostan,  Lon.,  1800,  4to. 

Guise,  Wm.,  1653-1684,  a  learned  English  divine, 
;rans.  into  English,  and  illustrated  with  a  commentary, 
Dr.  Bernard's  Misnae  pars  ordinis  primi  Teraim  Tituli 
septem,  1690,  4to,  and  a  tract,  De  Victimis  humanis,  Svo, 
and  had  partly  prepared  an  edit,  of  Abulfeda's  Geography. 

"  A  person  of  great  learning,  and  the  immortal  ornament  of  the 
University  of  Oxford."— Ed.  Acta  Eruditorum. 

"  Vir  longe  eruditissimus." — T.  SMITH. 

See  Athen.  Oxon.  j    Chalmers's  Biog.  Diet. 

Guisy,  J.     Learning  French,  Lon.,  1801,  12mo. 

Gull,  Wm.  W.,  M.D.,  and  Baly,  Wm.,  M.D.  Re 
ports  on  Epidemic  Cholera,  Lon.,  1854,  Svo. 

"  In  taking  leave  of  these  Reports,  we  can  conscientiously  say 
that  we  do  not  think  the  College  of  Physicians  could  have  made 
a  more  fortunate  selection  than  the  two  gentlemen  to  whose 
labours  we  owe  so  much  valuable  instruction.  We  believe  that 
their  Work  will  be  in  future  years  constantly  referred  to,  and 
when  so  referred  to  we  are  confident  it  will  always  be  with  plea 
sure  and  profit." — Brit,  and  For.  Med.-Cliir.  Kev. 

Dr.  Baly  pub.,  in  conjunction  with  Dr.  W.  S.  Kirkes, 
Advances  in  Physiology  of  Motion,  1848,  8vo. 

Gullet,  Chris.  On  Eleter,  as  a  preservative  of 
plants  from  insects  and  flies,  Phil.  Trans.,  1772. 

Gullifer,  Joseph  Wm.  Philos.  of  Medicine,  1809, 
Svo. 

Gulliver,  Lemuel.     See  SWIFT,  JONATHAN,  D.D. 

Gulliver,  Lemuel,  Jim.  Modern  Gulliver's  Travels, 
Lon.,  1796, 12rno. 

Gully,  James  M.,  M.D.  1.  Neuropathy  and  Ner 
vousness,  2d  ed.,  Lon.,  1841,  Svo.  2.  Simple  Treatment 
of  Disease,  1842,  12mo.  3.  Water-Cure  in  Chronic  Dis 
eases,  1841,  p.  Svo ;  3d  ed.,  1849, 12mo ;  4th  ed.,  1851, 12mo. 

"  Dr.  Gully's  book  is  evidently  written  by  a  well-educated  medi 
cal  man.  This  work  is  by  far  the  most  scientific  that  we  have  seen 
on  hydropathy." — Lon.  Athenceum. 

Gully,  Robert,  and  Capt.  Denham.  Journals  of 
a  Captivity  in  China  in  1842,  Lon.,  1843,  Svo. 

"  These  simple  unadorned  Narratives,  with  the  Letters  written 
by  the  deceased  Mr.  Gully  during  his  captivity,  are  well  worthy  of 
perusal,  depicting,  as  they  do  vividly,  the  curious  incidents  arising 
during  detention,  and  stirring  the  indignation  of  the  reader  by 
the  detail  of  cruelty  and  murder  inflicted  by  the  cowardly  ofilcials 
of  this  semi-barbarous  people."— Lon.  Timet. 
Gulson,  Theodore.     See  GOULSTON. 
Gulston,  Ant.     See  GLISSON,  WM. 
Gulston,  Edward.  Earthquake;  Phil.  Trans.,  1763. 
Gumble,     Thomas,    D.D.,    chaplain    to    General 
Monck.     The  Life  of  General  Monck,  Duke  of  Albemarle, 
Lon.,  1671,  Svo.     In  French,  1672,  12mo. 

"  Curious  as  a  specimen  of  the  Tory  or  Royalist  mode  of  writing 
history  which  prevailed  during  the  period  immediately  following 
the  Restoration."— Lon.  Retrosp.  Rev.,  xiii.  265-297;  xiv.  153- 
179,  q.  v. 

Gumbleden,  John.     Serm.,  1628,  4to. 
Gumley,  J.     Law,  Ac.  of  Elec.  in  Ireland,  Dubl., 
1832,  Svo. 

Gummere,  John,  1784-1845,  a  native  of  Willow 


GUM 

Grove,  Penn.,  for  more  than  forty  years  an  esteemed  and 
successful  teacher  of  youth,  discharged  the  duties  of  tui 
tion  successively  at  Horsham,  Rancocus,  West  Town, 
Burlington,  and  Haverford.  Upon  his  retirement  from 
the  Friends'  Coll.  at  Haverford,  he  resumed  his  Boarding- 
School  at  Burlington,  (previously  conducted  by  him  from 
1814  to  1833,)  in  connection  with  his  eldest  son,  Samuel 
J.  Gummere,  "  who  is  his  worthy  successor,  both  in  scien 
tific  attainments  and  in  the  happy  art  of  imparting 
instruction."  His  celebrated  treatise  on  Surveying  was 
first  pub.  in  1814,  has  run  through  14  edits.,  and  is  now 
stereotyped.  Of  his  Elementary  Treatise  on  Theoretical 
and  Practical  Astronomy,  the  1st  ed.  was  pub.  in  1822, 
and  the  last  (the  6th)  in  1854.  The  excellence  of  this 
work  elicited  the  warm  commendations  of  Dr.  Bowditch, 
Prof.  Bache,  and  other  competent  judges.  An  interesting 
biographical  sketch,  entitled  Memorials  of  the  Life  and 
Character  of  John  Gummere,  was  privately  printed  by 
Win.  J.  Allinson,  of  Burlington.  It  is  a  well-merited  tri 
bute  to  the  learning  and  virtues  of  a  ripe  scholar  and  an 
excellent  man.  James  I.,  when  in  the  plenitude  of  his 
glory  as  the  master  of  three  kingdoms,  acknowledged  that 
he  never  even  then  saw  his  stern  old  schoolmaster, 
Buchanan,  without  an  emotion  of  fear.  It  may  be  truly 
gaid — we  speak  from  our  own  experience — that  the  former 
disciples  of  John  Gummero  never  in  after-life  approached 
their  old  master  without  sentiments  of  affection  and 
esteem. 

Gummere,  Samuel  R.,  brother  of  the  preceding, 
b.  in  1789,  at  Willow  Grove,  Penn.,  was  from  1821  to 
1837  the  head  of  a  popular  boarding-school  for  girls,  at 
Burlington,  N.  Jersey.  He  is  the  author  of  a  Treatise  on 
Geography,  which  was  first  pub.  in  1817,  and  has  passed 
through  six  or  eight  edits.;  and  he  revised  the  Progressive 
Spelling-Book  in  1831.  Compendium  of  Elocution  1857, 

Gunhill,  D.  D.     Serin.,  1661,  4to. 

Gunn,  Alexander,  D.D.,  d.  1829,  minister  of  the 
Reformed  Dutch  Church  at  Bloomingdale,  New  York. 
Memoirs  of  Rev.  John  H.  Livingston.  D.D.,  N.  York,  1829. 

Gunn,  Mrs.  Anne,  late  Miss  Young.  1.  The  Mother 
and  Daughter;  a  Tale,  1803,  2  vols.  2.  An  Introduction 
to  Music,  1803,  8vo. 

Gunn,  J.  C.  Domestic  Medicine,  New  York,  1851 
8vo :  many  editions. 

Gunn,  John.  Hist.  Inquiry  respecting  the  Perform 
ance  of  the  Harp  in  the  Highlands  of  Scotland,  Lon. 
1807,  4to.  Prepared  for  the  Highland  Society.  Othei 
•works. 

Gunn,  Rev.  W.  M.  1.  Religion  in  Connexion  with 
a  National  System  of  Instruction,  Lon.,  1840,  12mo. 

"Mr. Gunn's  book  is  one  that  deserves  and  will  receive  mud 
attention."— Ch.  of  Eng.  Quar.  Rev. 

2.  Rudiments  of  the  Latin  Language,  1848,  18mo. 

Gunn,  Rev.  Win.  1.  Historia  Britonum  of  Nennius 
with  an  Eng.  version  and  notes,  Lon.,  1819,  8vo. 

"  Many  diffuse  and  unnecessary  notes." —  Wright's  Biog.  Brit 
Lit. 

See  NENNITJS. 

2.  Gothic  Architecture,  1819,  8vo. 

"  Displaying  very  considerable  erudition."— LoumdesTs  Bibl.Man 

3.  Cartonensia;  Hist,  of  the  Tapestries  in  the  Vatican 
Gunn,  Wm.  A.,    Curate    of    St.  Mary,   Woolnoth 

London.  Serms.  and  Letters,  with  a  Memoir  by  Jr  Saun 
ders,  Lon.,  1807,  '12,  8vo.  Mr.  G.  was  curate  to  the  Rev 
John  Newton. 

"  He  was  '  a  burning  and  a  shining  light.'  Wonderful  was  hi 
eloquence.  Serious,  zealous,  impassioned,  he  communicated  h 
own  agitation  to  the  souls  of  others." — ONESIMUS. 

Gunning,  Mrs.,  wife  of  General  Gunning,  d.  1800 
pub.  several  novels,  a  poem,  <fcc.,  Lon.,  1791-1803. 

Gunning,  Miss.     See  PLUNKETT,  MRS. 

Gunning,  Fred.     Law  of  Tolls,  Lon.,  1833,  8vo. 

Gunning,  H.  Reminiscences  of  the  Town  an 
County  of  Cambridge,  Lon.,  1854,  2  vols.  Svo;  2d  ed 
same  year,  2  vols.  p.  8vo. 

Gunning,  Peter,  D.D.,  1613-1684,  a  native  of  Hoo 
in  Kent,  educated  at,  Fellow  and  Tutor  of,  Clare  Hal 
Camb.,  deprived  for  refusing  to  take  the  Covenant;  re 
stored,  1660 ;  Preb.  of  Canterbury  ;  Master  successivel 
of  Corpus  Christi  and  St.  John's  Coll.,  Camb. ;  and  Regiu 
and  Lady  Margaret  Prof,  of  Divinity;  Bishop  of  Chi 
Chester,  1670;  trans,  to  Ely,  1674.  1.  A  Contention  fo 
Truth,  Lon.,  1658,  4to.  2.  Schism  Unmasked,  <fec.,  Pari 
1658,  8vo.  3.  The  Paschal  or  Lent  Fast  Apostolical  an 
Perpetual;  a  Serm.  on  Luke  v.  35-38,  Lon.,  1662,  4t< 
New  ed.,  Oxf.,  1845,  8vo,  in  Lib.  of  Anglo-Cath.  Theol. 

"  He  was  a  man  of  great  reading,  and  noted  for  a  special  subtilt 
of  arguing."— Bishop  Burners  Own  Times. 


GUR 

"He  was  admired  by  great  scholars,  as  well  abroad  as  at  home, 
r  his  profound  divinity ;  was  noted  much  also  in  England  for  his 
iffusive  charity." — Atfien.  Oxon. 

See  these  authorities;  also  Masters's  Hist,  of  C.  C.  C.  C.; 
Jentham's  Hist,  of  Ely;  Walker's  Sufferings  of  the  Clergy, 
t.  2,  142 ;  Calamy ;  Salmon's  Lives  of  the  Bishops ;  Lon. 
rent.  Mag.,  Ixiii.  15. 

Gunning,  Richard.     Small-Pox,  Lon.,  1804,  12mo. 
Gunnison,  Capt.  J.  W.,  d.  1853,  U.S.  Corps  Topo 
graphical  Engineers.     Hist,  of  the  Mormons  of  Utah :  their 
)ornestic  Polity  and  Theology,  Phila.,  1852,  12mo.     This 
aluable  Report  was  pub.  by  order  of  the  U.S.  Congress. 
Gunter,    Rev.  Edmund,    1581-1626,   an  eminent 
mathematician,  the  inventor  of  the  famous  Rule  of  Pro 
portion,  or  Line  of  Numbers,  which  has  made  his  name  a 
ynonym  for  accuracy,  was  a  native  of  Hereford,  and  edu- 
ated  at  Christ  Church,  Oxford.     In  1619  he  was  elected 
_?rof.  of  Astronomy  at  Gresham  Coll.,  London.     He  was  the 
author  of  several  inathemat.  treatises, — Canon  Triangulo- 
um,  The  Sector  and  Cross  Staff,  Ac.,— of  which  collective 
dits.  have  been  several  times  pub.     Works,  5th  and  best 
ed.,  corrected,  Ac.  by  Will.  Leybourne,  1673,  4to.      Some 
sopies  bear  the  date  of  1680,  and  are  called  6th  ed.     See 
Biog.  Brit. ;  Button's  Diet ;  Ward's  Gresbam  Professors. 
Gunter,  Peter.     Serm.,  Lon.,  1615,  4to. 
Gunton,  Symon.     1.  God's  House,  Lon.,  1657,  8vo. 
Hist,  of  the    Church  of  Peterburgh,  pub.  by   Symon 
Patrick,  D.D.,  1686,  fol.    Epitome  of  do.,  llth  ed.,  Peterb., 
1807,  8vo. 

Guppy,  Mrs.  Dialogues  for  Children,  1800,  2  vols. 
12mo. 

Guppy,  R.     Municipal  Corp.  Act,  Lon.,  1835,  12mo. 
Gurdon,  Brampton.     1.  16  Serms.  at  Boyle's  Lect., 
Lon.,  1721,  '22,  '32,  8vo;  1739,  fol.     2.  Serm.,  1723,  4to. 

3.  Prophecy,  1728,  8vo. 

Gurdon,  Philip.     Christian  Character,  1778,  12mo. 

Gurdon,  Thornhagh.  Hist,  of  the  High  Ct.  of 
Parliament,  Lon.,  1731,  2  vols.  8vo. 

Gurdon,  W.     Statutes  rel.  to  Game,  Lon.,  1839, 12mo. 

Gurnall,  Wm.,  1617-1679,  educated  at  Emanuel  Coll., 
Camb.;  minister  at  Lavenham  for  35  years;  appointed 
Rector  in  1644;  and  episcopally  ordained  at  the  Restora 
tion.  A  man  of  great  excellence  of  character.  1.  Serm., 
1660,  4to.  2.  The  Christian  in  Complete  Armour,  1656- 
58-62,  3  vols.  4to.  New  ed.,  1844,  8vo. 

Full  of  allusions  to  scriptural  facts  and  figures  of  speech, 
generally  well  supported ;  sanctified  wit,  holy  fire,  deep  experience, 
and  most  animated  practical  applications." — Dr.  E.  Williams's  C.  P. 

"  Spiritual  and  evangelical,  with  much  Christian  experience." — 
Bickersteth's  C.  S. 

3.  Funl.  Serm.,  1672,  8vo. 

Gurnay,  Rev.  Edmund.  1.  Vindic.  of  the  2d  Com 
mand.,  Camb.,  1639,  8vo.  2.  Appendix  to  do.,  Lon.,  1660, 
12mo. 

Gurney,  Rev.  Archer.  1.  Love's  Legend,  &c.; 
Poems,  Lon.,  1845,  fp.  8vo.  2.  K.  Charles  the  First;  a 
Dram.  Poem,  1847,  '52,  fp.  8vo.  3.  Poems,  1853,  p.  8vo. 

4.  The  Transcendentalists,  1853,  p.  8vo.     5.  Songs  of  the 
Present,  1854,  12mo.     6.  Iphigenia  at  Delphi,  1855,  8vo. 

Gurney,  Arthur.     Providence  and  Free  Will,  1581. 

Gurney,  Auber.  Faust;  Part  Second;  from  the  Ger 
man  of  Goethe,  Lon.,  1843,  p.  8vo. 

"Executed  with  much  taste  and  great  ability."— Berlin.  Mag. 
for  Foreign  Lit.,  April  28,  1843. 

"  In  one  word,  this  English  version  is  more  agreeable,  more  flow 
ing,  more  fresh,  more  clear,  than  many  of  the  enigmatical  passages 
of  the  original."— Leipsic  Literary  Gazette,  June  6  and  7,  1843. 

Gurney,  Daniel.  Supplement  to  the  Record  of  the 
House  of  Gournay,  Lon.,  1858.  Privately  printed. 

Gurney,  Rev.  Edmund.    See  GURNAY. 

Gurney,  Hudson,  M.P.  1.  The  Golden  Ass  of  Apu- 
leius;  in  English  verse,  entitled  Cupid  and  Psyche,  Lon., 
1799,  4to  and  8vo;  3d  ed.,  1801.  An  excellent  trans.  2. 
Bayeux  Tapestry,  1817,  4to. 

Gurney,  Rev.  John  Hampden.  1.  Three  Serms., 
Lon.,  1845,  fp.  8vo.  2.  Historical  Sketches,  1400-1546, 
1852,  12mo ;  2d  ed.,  1858.  3.  Second  Series,  1855,  fp.  Svo. 
4.  The  Grand  Romish  Fallacy,  1854,  fp.  Svo.  5.  Grave 
Thoughts,  &c.,  1855.  6.  Serms.,  1856.  7.  Serms.,  1857.  8. 
Four  Serms.,  1857.  9.  Historical  Sketches,  3d  Ser.,  1858. 

Gurney,  Joseph,  and  Gurney,  William  Brodie, 
short-hand  writers.  Joseph  pub.  Brachygraphy,  Lon.,  1751, 
12mo;  15th  ed.,  improved  by  Thomas  Gurney,  1825, 12mo. 

Gurney,  Joseph  John,  1788-1847,  an  eminent  phi 
lanthropist,  and  a  distinguished  minister  of  the  Society  of 
Friends,  was  a  native  of  Earlham,  near  Norwich,  where 
the  family  have  possessed  great  influence  for  the  last  two 
centuries.  Mr.  Gurney  was  the  brother  of  the  excellent 
Elizabeth  Fry,  and  a  zealous  co-labourer  with  her  in  many 

749 


GUR 


GUT 


enterprises  of  Christian  benevolence.  After  passing  through 
a  course  of  preparatory  study,  the  subject  of  this  notice 
resided  for  some  time  at  Oxford,  under  the  charge  of  a 
private  tutor,  and  attended  the  lectures  of  the  University 
without  becoming  a  member  and  without  subscribing  to  the 
Thirty-Nine  Articles.  Upon  the  completion  of  his  education 
Mr.  Gurney  became  a  member  of  the  eminent  banking- 
house  established  by  his  father,  and  henceforth  devoted 
much  of  his  time  to  secular  business,  but  was  also  actively 
engaged  in  many  philanthropic  researches,  and  in  the 
zealous  discharge  of  his  duties  as  a  minister  (recognised 
in  1818)  of  the  religious  society  to  which  he  was  attached. 
In  addition  to  missionary  tours  among  the  prisons  of  Scot 
land,  England,  and  Ireland,  Mr.  Gurney  paid  three  visits 
to  the  Continent  in  1841-43,  and  passed  three  years  (1837- 
40)  in  travelling  in  America.  For  the  particulars  connected 
with  the  life  of  this  truly  excellent  man,  we  refer  the  reader 
to  his  Memoirs,  by  J.  B.  Braithwaite,  Norwich,  1854,  2 
vols.  8vo;  Pbila.,  1854,  2  vols.  8vo;  3d  ed.,  1855,  2  vols. 
8vo.  See  also  his  Memoirs,  by  J.  Alexander,  Lon.,  1847, 
12  mo ;  London  Christian  Observer  for  February  and  March, 
1847  ;  Lon.  Gent.  Mag.  for  March,  1847;  Memorial  of  J.  J. 
Gurney,  a  Poem,  by  B.  Barton,  1847,  4to ;  An  Examina 
tion  of  the  Memoirs  and  Writings  of  J.  J.  Gurney,  by  Wm. 
Hodgson,  Jr.,  Phila,,  1856. 

Mr.  Gurney  was  the  author  of  numerous  works  which 
gained  him  a  highly  respectable  rank  in  the  Republic  of 
Letters,  of  which  the  following  are  the  principal : — 1.  Notes 
on  Prisons  and  Prison  Discipline,  Lon.,  1819,  12mo.  Re 
viewed  by  Rev.  Sydney  Smith,  in  Edin.  Rev.,  xxxv.  286- 
302.  2.  Letter  to  a  Friend  on  Christianity,  3d  ed.,  1824, 
12mo.  3.  Observations  on  the  Religious  Peculiarities  of 
the  Society  of  Friends,  1824,  12mo  and  8vo.  It  passed 
through  seven  eds.  in  the  lifetime  of  the  author. 

"  The  best  defence  of  the  Quakers;  it  was  ably  met  in  the  British 
Review."— Bickersteth's  C.  S. 

4.  Essays   on  the  Evidences,  Doctrines,  and  Practical 
Operations  of  Christianity,  1827,  8vo.     Trans,  into  Ger 
man  and  Spanish. 

"  A  very  valuable  summary  and  defence  of  evangelical  views." — 
Bickersteth's  G.  S.. 

"  Mr.  J.  J.  Gurney,  if  he  had  been  a  clergyman  instead  of  a 
Quaker,  would  have  deserved  a  bishopric  for  his  book  upon  the 
Evidences  of  Christianity." — Lon.  Quar.  Rev. 

5.  Biblical  Notes  to  confirm  the  Deity  of  Christ,  1830,  8vo. 
"  An  able,  solid,  and  profitable  critical  illustration  of  texts  on 

the  subject."— Bickersteth's  C.  S. 

6.  Brief  Remarks  on  the  History,  Authority,  and  Use 
of  the  Sabbath,  1831,  18mo. 

"  Like  every  thing  which  proceeds  from  this  author's  pen,  it  dis 
plays  solid  erudition  and  acute  reasoning,  united  to  true  simplicity 
of  mind  and  fervent  piety." — Lowndes's  Brit.  Lib. 

7.  Portable  Evid.  of  Chris'y,  2d  ed.,  1832,  18mo.     New 
ed.,  1841,  18mo.     8.  Four  Lects.  on  the  Evid.  of  Chris'y, 
1834, 18mo.     9.  Treatise  on  the  Habitual  Exercise  of  Love 
to  God  considered  as  a  Preparative  for  Heaven,  ISino  and 
8vo ;  7th  ed.,  1848,  18mo.     10.  Letter  to  a  Clerical  Friend 
on  the  Accordance  of  Geological  Discovery  with  Natural 
and  Revealed  Religion,  1835,  12tno. 

"We  greatly  mistake  if  this  tract,  from  the  pen  of  our  excellent 
friend,  Mr.  Gurney,  will  not  be  found  eminently  serviceable  to  the 
interests  of  revealed  religion." — Lon.  Evangel.  Mag. 

11.  Sabbatical  Verses,  1837,  8vo. 

"  We  do  not  consider  that  he  was  a  poet  of  a  very  high  order ; 
but  we  might  select  from  that  volume,  and  from  others  of  his 
verses,  some  effusions  which  evince  taste  and  feeling,  attuning 
devout  ideas  to  the  voice  of  melody." — Lon.  Ctiristian  Observer. 

12.  Familiar  Sketch  of  Wm.  Wilberforce,   1840,  18mo. 
13.  A  Winter  in  the  West  Indies,  described  in  Familiar 
Letters  to  Henry  Clay,  of  Kentucky,  1840,  8vo ;   4th  ed., 
1841,  18mo.     14.  Terms,  of  Union  in  the  Bible  Society. 
15.  Puseyism  traced  to  its  Root,  2d  ed.,  1845,  8vo.      16. 
Thoughts  on  Habit  and  Discipline,  12mo  and  8vo:  2d  ed.. 
1844,  12mo;  6th  ed.,  1852,  12mo. 

"  Its  tone  is  decidedly  religious,  but  its  method  is  philosophical, 
•while  its  style  is  popular."— ion.  Athenaeum. 

Mr.  Gurney  also  pub.  Treatises  on  the  Right  Applica 
tion  of  Knowledge,  and  on  other  subjects.  His  Minor 
Works  have  been  pub.  by  Gilpin,  of  London,  in  2  vols.  8vo. 

Mr.  Gurney  was  thrice  married :  first,  to  Jane  Birbeck, 
who  died  in  1822  ;  secondly,  to  Mary  Fowler,  who  died  in 
1836;  and,  thirdly,  to  Eliza  P.  Kirkbride,  who  survives 
him.  As  a  Christian,  a  philanthropist,  and  a  man  of  ex 
tensive  and  accurate  learning,  Mr.  Gurney  was  amply 
entitled  to  the  extraordinary  respect  and  veneration  which 
was  accorded  to  him  by  men  of  all  ranks  of  life  and  all 
classes  of  opinion. 

Gurney,  Richard,  Jr.    Fables,  Lon.,  1809,  12mo. 

Gurney,  Thomas.     System  of  Short- Hand.  Lon, 
1843,  fp.  8vo. 
75Q 


Gurney,  W.  B.  System  of  Short-Hand,  16th  ed., 
Lon.,  1843,  12mo. 

Gurney,  Wm.     1.  Serm.,  1808.    2.  Serm.,  1808. 

Gurney,  Rev.  Wm.  Pocket-Dictionary  of  the  Holy 
Bible,  Lon.,  1826,  18mo;  1834,  24mo.  From  Calmet, 
Brown,  and  others. 

Gurwood,  Colonel  John,  R.N.,  C.B.,  and  Deputy- 
Lieut,  of  the  Tower  of  London,  d.  1845,  entered  the  army 
in  1808,  and  served  under  the  Duke  of  Wellington  in  the 
Peninsula  and  at  Waterloo.  He  filled  the  post  of  private 
secretary  to  the  Duke,  and  was  therefore  well  calculated 
for  the  laborious  duty  of  editing  his  Despatches  and 
Orders,  which  he  performed  in  a  highly  creditable  manner. 
The  mental  toil  and  anxiety  involved  in  this  undertaking 
perhaps  proved  indirectly  the  cause  of  the  colonel's  death 
he  committed  suicide  in  a  fit  of  insanity  produced  "by 
relaxation  of  his  nervous  system,  in  consequence  of  his 
great  work,  'The  Wellington  Despatches,'  being  con 
cluded,"— Lon.  Gent.  Mag.,  Feb.1846  ;  where  will  be  found 
an  interesting  biography  of  this  distinguished  soldier. 
The  Despatches  of  the  Duke  of  Wellington,  1799-1818,— 
which  may  be  entitled  a  history  of  British  military  opera 
tions  for  that  period, — were  pub.  in  13  vols.  8vo,  including 
the  Index,  1835-38.  New  ed.,  8  vols.  r.  8vo,  1843-48;  also 
in  1853,  8  vols.  8vo.  Selections  from,  1842,  r.  8vo;  also 
in  1850,  r.  8vo.  To  the  Despatches  must  be  added  The 
General  Orders  of  the  Duke,  1809-18,— also  compiled  by 
Colonel  Gurwood; — 1837,  8vo. 

"Colonel  Gurwood  takes  occasion,  but  much  too  seldom,  to  in 
troduce  short  notes  of  his  own,  in  order  to  eludidate  circumstances 
which  the  text  of  the  letters  does  not  explain.  We  greatly  wish 
that  he  had  been  less  diffident  on  this  score.  .  .  .  The  Duke's  high- 
spirited  and  able  Editor." — ROBERT  SOUTHEY  :  Lon.  Quar.  Rev., 
Iviii.  82-107. 

"The  most  authentic  and  valuable  of  biographical  productions. 
It  is  analogous  to  Sparks' s  Life  and  Writings  of  Washington."— 
CHANCELLOR  KENT. 

Colonel  Gurwood  also  arranged  The  Duke's  Speeches 
in  Parliament,  pub.  in  1853,  2  vols.  8vo.  For  a  notice  of 
The  Despatches  and  Orders,  and  estimates  of  the  literary 
character  of  the  author,  see  WELLINGTON,  ARTHUR  WEL- 
LESLEY,  DUKE  OP. 

Gutch,  J.  W.  G.  Literary  and  Scientific  Register, 
Lon.,  32mo.  Pub.  annually,  1842-56. 

Gutch,  John,  d.  1831,  aged  86,  Registrar  of  the 
Univ.  of  Oxford,  Rector  of  St.  Clement's,  and  Chaplain 
of  All-Souls'  College.  1.  Collectanea  Curiosa;  or,  Miscell. 
Tracts  rel.  to  the  Hist,  and  Antiq.  of  Eng.  and  Ireland, 
the  Univ.  of  Oxford  and  Camb.,  &c.,  chiefly  from  the  MSS. 
of  Archbp.  Sancroft,  Oxf.,  1781,  2  vols.  8vo.  2.  Hist,  and 
Antiq.  of  the  Univ.  of  Oxford;  now  first  pub.  in  English, 
from  the  original  MSS.  of  Ant.  Wood,  with  a  Continuation 
by  the  Editor,  1786,  4to.  3.  Fasti  Oxonienses,  by  Wood; 
with  a  Continuation,  &c.  by  the  Editor,  1790,  4to.  4.  The 
Antiq.  and  Annals  of  the  Univ.  of  Oxford,  from  the  MS. 
of  Wood,  1792-94-96,  3  vols.  4to.  See  WOOD,  ANTHONY. 
A  biography  of  Mr.  Gutch  will  be  found  in  Lon.  Gent. 
Mag.,  Sept.  1831. 

Gutch,  John  Mathew,  ed.  of  Farley's  Journal,  d. 
1858.  A  Lytell  Geste  of  Robin  Hode,  1847,  2  vols.  8vo. 

"  These  handsome  volumes,  both  in  richness  of  matter  and  cor 
rectness  of  text,  exceed  the  precious  labours  of  even  Ritson  him 
self." — Lon.  Gent.  Mag. 

"  If  any  one  wants  to  know  bold  Robin  Hood  as  he  was,  let  him 
straightway  possess  himself  of  those  two  delightful  volumes  for 
which  we  are  indebted  to  Mr.  Gutch.  We  have  here  not  only  the 
consecutive  series  of  ballads  known  as  The  Lytell  Geste  of  Robin, 
Hode,  but  every  ballad,  tale,  and  song,  relating  to  the  famous 
outlaw;  and  the  whole  are  beautifully  illustrated.  Mr. Gutch 
thoroughly  understands  the  duty  of  an  editor,  and  has  applied 
himself  heart  and  soul  to  the  task ;  in  consequence,  he  has  given 
us  by  far  the  best  collection  of  English  ballads  which  for  years 
has  issued  from  the  press." — BlackwoocPs  Mag. 

The  graphic  lines  of  the  poet  will  occur  to  many  of  our 
readers : 

"  In  this  our  spacious  Isle,  I  thinK  there  is  not  one 
But  he  of  Robin  Hood  hath  heard,  and  Little  John, 
And  to  the  end  of  time  the  tales  shall  ne'er  be  done, 
Of  Scarlock,  George  a  Green  and  Much  the  Miller's  Son, 
Of  Tuck  the  merry  Friar,  which  many  a  Sermon  made 
In  praise  of  Robin  Hood,  his  outlaws,  and  their  trade." 

DRAYTON. 

Gutch,  Rev.  Robert.    A  Discourse,  Lon.,  1803,  8vo. 

Guthrie,  G.  J.,  an  eminent  surgeon,  has  pub.  a  num 
ber  of  professional  treatises  of  high  reputation,  1815-53. 

Guthrie,  or  Guthry,  Henry,  d.  1676?  Bishop  of 
Dunkeld,  1664.  Memoirs,  temp.  Charles  I.,  Lon.,  1702, 
8vo;  2d  ed.,  Glasg.,  1747,  12mo. 

Guthrie,  James.  Considerations  rel.  to  the  Dangers 
to  Religion  and  the  Reform.,  Edin.,  1660,  12mo. 

Guthrie,  James.     Serm.,  1732,  8vo;  1738,  12mo. 

Guthrie,  John.     Laws  of  England,  Lon.,  1843,  8vo. 


GUT 

Guthrie,  Mrs.  Maria,  wife  of  Dr.  Matthew  Guthrie, 
and  Acting  Directress  of  the  Imperial  Convent  for  the 
education  of  the  Female  Nobility  of  Russia.  A  Tour  in 
1795-96  through  the  Taurica  or  Crimea,  Lon.,  1802,  4to. 

«  This  work  contains  a  lovely  description  of  the  various  tribes 
that  inhabit  the  Crimea;  their  manners,  institutions,  natural 
history,  and  remarks  on  the  migrations  of  the  Asiatic  tribes.  That 
part  of  the  work  which  relates  to  antiquities  was  written  hy  her 
husband,  Dr.  Guthrie."— Stevenson's  Voyages  and  Travels. 

Guthrie,  Matthew,  M.D.,  husband  of  the  preceding, 
d  at  St.  Petersburgh  in  1807.  Dissert,  surles  Antiquities 
de  Russie,  Ac.,  Petersb.,  1795,  8vo.  He  con  papers  to 
Phil.  Trans.,  1778,  79 ;  Trans.  Edin.  Soc.,  1790  ;  Nichol. 

JOGuthrie,  Thomas,  D.D.,  b.  1800,  minister  of  Free 
St.  John's,  Edinburgh,  was  born  at  Brechin,  Forfarshire, 
Scotland.  1.  A  Sufficient  Maintenance  and  an  Efficient 
Ministry;  a  Serm.,  with  Notes,  Edin.,  1852,  8vo. 

"  We  earnestly  recommend  this  discourse."— Baptist  Mag. 

2.  The  Gospel  in  Ezekiel,  1855, 12mo;  20th  thousand. 

"The  most  eloquent  of  the  present   range  of  Free  Church 

PI"  In  the  excellent  work  before  us,  these  lights  of  the  glorious 
Gospel,  as  revealed  to  an  ancient  prophet,  are  collected,  arranged, 
and  illustrated,  by  the  hand  of  a  master."— Cliris.  Observer. 

Dr.  Guthrie  has  also  pub.  A  Plea  in  behalf  of  Drunkards 
against  Drunkenness,  and  edited  a  new  ed.  (Edin.,  1856, 
fp.  8vo)  of  Berridge's  Christian  World  Unmasked.  He 
was  one  of  the  four  leading  men — the  other  three  being 
Drs.  Chalmers,  Cunningham,  and  Candlish — connected 
with  the  disruption  of  the  Established  Church  of  Scotland 
and  the  institution  of  the  Free  Church  of  that  country. 
To  him  also  humanity  is  indebted  for  the  establishment 
of  the  Edinburgh  original  Ragged  or  Industrial  School 
which  has  been  productive  of  vast  benefit  to  the  poorer 


Guthrie,  Wm.,  1620-1665,  minister  of  the  parish 
church  of  Finwick,  1644-64.  The  Christian's  Great 
Interest.  New  ed.,  Lon.,  1705  ;  Glasg.,  1755,  8vo.  With 
Memoirs  of  the  Author,  <fcc.,  Edin.,  1797,  12mo;  4th  ed 
with  Introduc.  by  T.  Chalmers,  D.D.,  Glasg.,  1844, 12mo; 
7th  ed.,  1850,  12mo.  Trans,  into  French,  High  and  Low 
Dutch,  and  (at  the  expense,  it  is  said,  of  the  Hon.  Robert 
Boyle)  into  one  of  the  Eastern  languages. 

Dr.  John  Owen  called  this  book  his  Vade-Mecum,  and 
added, 

"  I  have  wrote  several  folios,  but  there  is  more  divinity  in  it 
than  them  all." 

"  An  excellent  work." — Bicker steth's  C.  S. 
A  sermon  of  Guthrie's  on   Sympathy,  and  Memoirs  of 
his  Life  by  Rev.  Wm.  Dunlop,  will  be  found  in  the  Select 
Biographies  edited  for  the  Woodrow  Society  by  Rev.  W 
K.  Tweedie,  Edin.,  1845-47,  2  vols.  8vo. 

Guthrie,  Wm.,  1708-1770,  a  native  of  Brechin,  a 
schoolmaster  in  Aberdeen,  and  subsequently  an  author  in 
London,  pub.  a  number  of  works  and  trans,  from  Cicero 
and  Quintilian.  1.  Hist,  of  England  to  1688,  Lon.,  1744- 
51,  3  vols.  foL  Reprinted  in  1771. 

"  A  Tory  history  of  England,  by  no  means  destitute  of  merit.' 
'•"  Now  [1824]  rarely  consulted.1' — Dibdin's  Lib.  Comp. 
Ralph's  Hist,  of  England  may  be  read  as  a  continuation 
of  Guthrie's.  2.  Hist,  of  the  English  Peerage,  1763,  4to 
3.  General  Hist,  of  the  World,  1764-67,  12  vols.  8vo.  4 
A  General  Hist,  of  Scotland  to  1746,  1767,  10  vols.  8vo 
5.  New  System  of  Modern  Geography,  or  a  Geog.,  Hist, 
and  Commercial  Grammar,  «fcc.,  1770,  8vo.  Many  edits, 
last,  by  Davenport,  1843,  18mo;  last  ed.  of  the  Atlas 
1840,  8vo.  It  is  asserted  that  the  bookseller,  and  no 
Guthrie,  was  really  the  compiler  of  this  popular  work.  6 
Chronological  Table,  1744,  8vo.  Guthrie  was  a  contri 
butor  to  the  Gentleman's  Magazine  and  to  the  Critica 
Review,  and  the  author  of  many  political  pamphlets,  &c 
pub.  without  his  name.  See  Lysons's  Environs,  vol.  iii. 
Nichols's  Lit.  Anecdotes ;  Bosvvell's  Life  of  Johnson 
Disraeli's  Calamities  of  Authors. 

"  Sir,  he  [Guthrie]  is  a  man  of  parts.  He  has  no  great  regula 
fund  of  knowledge,  but  by  reading  so  long  and  writing  so  long  h 
has  no  doubt  picked  up  a  good  deal."— Dr.  Johnson  to  Boswell. 

Guthrie,  Wm.,  M.D.,  of  St.  Petersburgh.  Con.  t( 
Med.  Com.,  1777,  '94,  '95. 

Guthry,  Henry.  See  GUTHRIE. 
Gutzlatf,  Rev.  Charles,  D.D.,  1803-1851,  a  nativ 
of  Pyritz,  Pomerania,  a  missionary  in  Java,  Singapore 
Siam,  and  China,  from  1826  until  his  death  at  Canton 
was  the  author  of  many  works — theolog.,  historical,  philo 
logical,  legal,  critical,  <fec. — in  Dutch,  Latin,  Siamese 
Cochin-Chinese,  and  English.  An  interesting  account  o 
his  life  and  labours  will  be  found  in  the  London  Gent 
Mag.  for  Dec.  1851.  See  also  The  International  Mag. 
(N.  York,)  vol.  i.  317-318 ;  iv.  707.  Three  or  four  of  Dr 


GWI 

Gr.'s  works  are  well  known  to  the  English  reader,  viz.: 
.'  Chinese  History,  Lon.,  1834,  2  vols.  8vo. 

"  We  cordially  recommend  this  exceedingly  interesting  account 
f  this  very  interesting  country."— ion.  Review. 

"Au  authentic  and  interesting  picture  of  China."— CHANCELLOB 

"  2.  China  Opened;  ed.  by  Rev.  A.  Reed,  1838,  2  vols. 

''"A  superficial,  yet,  on  the  whole,  pretty  good,  sketch  of  China 
nd  its  inhabitants."- JHcCWfoc/i's  Lit.  of  Polit.  Econ 

"  By  far  the  most  interesting,  complete,  and  valuable  account 
)f  the  Chinese  Empire  that  has  yet  been  published."— ion.  Sun. 

3.  A  Journal  of  Three  Voyages  along  the  Coast  of  China, 
1831-33  j  3d  ed.,  1839,  p.  8vo. 

"  The  work  of  a  man  who  has  done  more  to  break  down  the 
rrier  which  prevents  the  entrance  of  Christian  missionaries  into 

China  than  any  other  human  being."— ion.  Eclectic  Review. 
"  Mr.  Gutzlaffs  voyages  are  replete  with  surpassing  interest. 

He  is  a  wonderful  man,  a  heroic  Christian,  and  a  zealous  philan- 

;hropist."— Scottish  Pilot. 

4.  The  Life  of  Taon  Kwang,  late  Emperor  of  China, 
1852,  p.  8vo.     Reviews  of  Mr.  Gutzlaff's  accounts  of  China 
will  be  found  in  the  Amer.  Quar.  Rev.,  xvii.  100,  ("a 

earned  and  masterly  production." — CHANCELLOR  KENT;) 
Lon.  Quar.  Rev.,  li.  468 ;  by  E.  G.  Smith,  in  Chris.  Quar. 
Spec.,  v.  591;  by  B.  B.  Edwards,  in  Amer.  Quar.  Obs.,  i. 
330.  See  also  Lieber's  Essays  on  Property  and  Labour, 
ed.  1854,  p.  67. 

Guy,  J.     Songs,  Catches,  &c.,  1799. 

Guy,  Joseph,  Prof,  of  Geography  at  the  Royal  Mili 
tary  College,  Great  Marlow,  has  pub.  many  educational 
works  on  Astronomy,  Geography,  History,  Arithmetic,  Ac., 
which  maintain  a  high  reputation. 

Guy,  Joseph,  Jr.,  of  Magdalen  Hall,  Oxford,  son  of 
the  preceding,  was  his  father's  assistant  in  some  of  the 
works  just  noticed,  and  has  himself  pub.  a  number  of 
volumes  on  Grammar,  Arithmetic,  <fec. 

Guy,  Melmoth.  Cancerous  Cases,  <fcc.,  Lon.,  1777, 8vo. 

Guy,  Richard.    Works  upon  Cancers,  &c.,  1755-65. 

Guy,  Thomas,  d.  1724,  aged  80,  the  founder  of  Guy's 
Hospital.  His  Last  Will,  Lon.,  1725,  8vo. 

Guy,  W.  A.  Principles  of  Forensic  Medicine,  Lon., 
1844,  fp.  8vo.  Amer.  ed.,  by  C.  A.  Lee,  N.  York,  1845,  8vo. 

Guy,  Wm.     Dislocation ;  Med.  Facts,  1794. 

Guybon,  Francis.     Empiricism,  Lon.,  1712,  8vo. 

Guyse,  John,  D.D.,  1680-1761,  a  Calvinistic  Inde 
pendent  divine,  settled  at  Hertford,  and  subsequently  in 
New  Broad  Street,  London,  pub.  a  number  of  Serms.,  Dis 
courses,  &c.,  but  is  best  known -by  The  Practical  Exposi 
tor;  or,  An  Exposition  of  the  N.  Test,  in  the  form  of  a 
Paraphrase,  with  Notes,  <fec.,  Lon.,  1739-42,  3  vols.  4to  ; 
1760,  3  vols.  4to  :  called  the  best  ed.  Other  eds.,  in  6  vols. 
8vo,  Edin.,  1775,  1808,  '14. 

"  Dr.  G.  has  shown  his  solid  judgment  and  learning ;  and,  with 
out  affectation  and  needless  pomp  of  criticism,  has  given  the  reader 
as  full  a  view  of  the  sense  of  the  best  interpreters,  and  as  compre 
hensive  an  insight  into  the  scope  and  meaning  of  the  New  Testa 
ment,  as  is  likely  perhaps  to  be  met  with  in  the  same  compass  of 
•words."— MIDDLE-TON. 

"  A  heavy  work.  In  the  paraphrase  various  and  often  discord 
ant  senses  are  brought  together.  The  notes  do  not  throw  much 
light  on  the  text.  It  is  far  inferior  to  the  similar  work  of  his 
friend  and  contemporary,  Dr.  Doddridge,  [The  Family  Expositor.]" 
— Orme's  Bibl.  Bib. 

"If  this  work  has  not  an  air  of  elegant  criticism  and  modern  re 
finement,  like  the  Family  Expositor,  [of  Dr.  Doddridge,]  it  is  very 
sound  and  judicious,  expressed  in  a  style  significant,  perspicuous, 
and  correct,  though  not  ornamented." — Dr.  E.  Williams's  C.  P. 

"  Very  useful  to  a  minister,  though  too  heavy  for  the  general 
reader."— Bickersteth's  G.  S. 

"  His  paraphrase  has  never  been  very  popular."— Home's  Bibl. 
Bib. 

"It  displays  sound  judgment,  an  intimate  acquaintance  with 
the  original,  considerable  critical  acumen,  with  much  seriousness 
and  seal  for  truth."— BOGUE  AND  BENNETT. 

His  work  on  the  Holy  Spirit  (greatly  admired)  has  been 
recently  (Lon.,  1840,  r.  8vo)  repub.  His  sermons,  pub. 
separately  and  collectively,  and  at  various  dates,  have 
been  highly  commended : 

"  His  discourses  the  reader  will  find  judicious,  weighty,  serious, 
evangelical,  and  instructive." — Wilson's  Dissenters. 

"Evangelical  and  practical."— Bickersteth's  C.  S. 
Gwilliam,  or  Guillim,  Sir  Henry,  Chief-Justice 
of  the  Isle  of  Ely.  1.  Bacon's  Abridgt. :  see  BACON, 
MATTHEW.  2.  A  Charge,  1799,  4to.  3.  Acts,  <fcc.  rel.  to 
Tithes,  1801,  4  vols.  r.  8vo;  2d  ed.,  by  C.  Ellis,  1825,  4 
vols.  r.  8vo. 

Gwilliam,  John.    Poems,  <fcc.,  Lon.,  1813,  Ac. 
G \villim,  John.     See  GTJILLIM. 
Gwilt,  Joseph.     Encyc.  of  Architecture,  illus.  by 
upwards  of  1000  engravings  on  wood,  Lon.,  1842,  8vo;  3d 
ed.,  1854,  8vo. 

"  This  elaborate  and  learned  work  constitutes  a  complete  body 
of  architecture."— ion.  Spectator. 


GWI 


HAG 


Mr.  G.  has  pub.  a  number  of  other  works  on  Architec 
ture,  Ac. 

Gwilym,  David  Ap,  1340-1400?  the  "Ovid  of 
Wales,"  was  a  native  of  Brogynin,  Cardiganshire.  His 
Poems,  in  Welsh,  pub.  by  Owen  Jones  and  Wm.  Owen, 
1792,  8vo.  Highly  commended  by  the  editors. 

Gwinett,  Ambrose.     His  Life,  Lon.,  8vo. 

Gwinne,  or  Gwynne,  Matthew,  M.D.,  d.  1627,  a 
native  of  London,  Fellow  of  St.  John's  Coll.,  Oxford,  first 
Prof,  of  Physic  in  Gresham  Coll.,  London,  1596-1607. 

1.  Nero  Tragoedia,  Lon.,  1603,  4to.     2.  Vertumnus  Comae- 
dia,  1607,  4to.     3.  Chymicae,  1611,  4to.     Other  publica 
tions.     See  Athen.  Oxon. ;  Ward's  Lives  of  the  Gresham 
Professors. 

Gwinneth,  or  Gwynneth,  John,  Vicar  of  Luton, 
pub.  a  number  of  treatises  against  the  writings  of  John 
Frith  and  the  doctrines  of  the  Reformation,  Lon.,  1536-57. 
See  Athen.  Oxon. 

Gwyn,  David.    English  verses,  Lon.,  16mo. 

Gwyne,  Lieut.  Lawrence,  R.N.  Robertson's  Navi 
gation;  7th  ed.,  1805,  r.  8vo. 

Gwyne,  Wm.     Two  Serms.,  1780,  4to. 

Gwynn,  John.     1.  Essay  on  Design,  Lon.,  1749,  8vo. 

2.  London  and  Westminster  improved,  1766,  4to.     Many 
of  the  improvements  here  suggested  have  been  effected. 
The  dedication  to  the  King  was  written  by  Dr.  Samuel 
Johnson. 

Gwynne,  John.  Military  Memoirs  of  the  Great 
Civil  War,  Ac.,  Edin.,  1822,  4to.  500  copies  printed. 
The  introduction  was  written  by  Sir  Walter  Scott. 

"  Captain  Gwynne  was  a  retainer  in  the  household  of  Charles  I., 
•whom  he  served  in  the  war ;  afterwards  he  followed  the  banner  of 
Charles  II.,  served  under  Montrose,  and  joined  James,  Duke  of 
York,  on  the  Continent." 

Gwynne,  Matthew,  M.D.    See  GWINNE. 


Gwynne,  T.  Law  rel.  to  Duties  on  Probate  and 
Lett,  of  Adminis. ;  3d  ed.,  Lon.,  1841,  12mo. 

Gwynneth,  John.     See  GWINNETH. 

Gybson.    A  Description  of  Nortons  in  Yorkshire,  1569. 

Gybson,  Thomas.  Concordance  of  the  N.  Test. 
Impr.  by  T.  G.,  1535?  Probably  the  work  of  John 
Day,  assisted  by  Gybson,  the  printer. 

Gyer,  Rev.  Nicholas.    Phlebotomy,  Lon.,  1592,  8vo. 

Gyffard,  Giflard,  Gilford,  or  Gyfford,  George, 
minister  of  Maldon,  Essex,  pub.  15  Serms.  on  the  Song  of 
Solomon,  a  number  of  occasional  serins.,  and  treatises 
against  Romanists,  Brownists,  witchcraft,  ic.,  1573-1620. 

"A  very  noted  preacher,  and  one  most  admirably  well  vers'd  in 
several  sorts  of  learning  which  were  rare  and  much  in  esteem  in 
his  time,  but  withal  a  great  enemy  to  Popery." — Athen.  Oxon.,  q.  v. 

Gyfford,  E.  Designs  for  Elegant  Cottages  and  Small 
Villas,  1809,  4to. 

Gyfford,  George.     See  GYFFARD. 

Gyfford,  R.     Sacred  Poems,  Lon.,  12mo. 

Gylby,  Goddred.  1.  Trans,  of  an  Epist.  on  the  office 
of  a  Magistrate,  <fcc.,  by  Cicero  and  Quintus,  Lon.,  1561, 
16mo.  2.  Trans,  of  Calvin's  Admonit.  against  Astrology 
Judiciall,  <fcc.,  16mo. 

Gylebie,  or  Gylby,  Anthony.     See  GILBY. 

Gyles,  J.  F.  1.  Authenticity  of  the  N.  Test.,  Lon.. 
1812,  8vo. 

"  A  learned  and  satisfactory  essay." — Lowndes's  Brit.  Lib. 

2.  New  Hebrew  Grammar,  1814,  '16,  8vo. 

"  Characterized  by  simplicity  of  manner  and  clearness  of  illus 
tration."—  Home's  Bill.  Bib. 

3.  The  Truth  of  Christianity,  1832,  8vo. 

"An  attempt  to  state  clearly  and  concisely  the  leading  evidences 
for  the  truth  of  Christianity." 

Gyles,  Wm.  A  Defence  of  Dr.  Sherlock's  Preserva 
tive  against  Popery  ,•  in  reply  to  a  Jesuit's  Answer,  Lon., 
1688,  4to. 


H. 


Haas,  James  D.  1.  Gleanings  from  Germany,  Lon., 
1838,  p.  8vo.  2.  F.  Kohlrausch's  Hist,  of  Germany,  trans. 
by  J.  D.  H.,  1845,  8vo.  Highly  commended.  3.  Zschokke's 
Hours  of  Meditation,  1843,  fp.  Svo;  1846,  12mo. 

"  On  the  Continent  thousands  have  testified  to  the  merits  of  this 
admirable  author.  The  original  has  now  reached  its  twenty-third 
edition.  We  are  convinced  that  this  portion  of  his  writings  has 
only  to  be  known  in  this  country  to  be  equally  appreciated."  — 
L:n.  Atlas. 

Habersham,  A.  W.,  TJ.S.N.  My  Last  Cruise;  being 
an  Account  of  the  U.S.  North  Pacific  Exploring  Expedi 
tion  ;  2d  ed.,  Phila.,  1857,  8vo.  Highly  commended. 

Habershon,  Matthew.  1.  Prophetic  Scriptures, 
Lon.,  1834,  '40,  '42,  8vo.  2.  A  Guide  to  the  Study  of 
Chronological  Prophecy,  1835,  12ino. 

"It  is  written  in  a  practical  and  Christian  spirit,  and  well  de 
serves  attention  for  its  truly  pious  and  important  remarks."  — 

BlCKERSTETH. 

3.  Revelation  of  St.  John,  1841,  Svo;  1844,  2  vols.  8vo. 
4.  Premillennial  Hymns,  2d  ed.,  1841,  18mo. 

Habington,  Thomas,  d.  1647,  collected  the  materials 
which  formed  the  basis  of  Treadway  Nash's  Hist,  of  Wor 
cestershire,  and  was  engaged  in  some  other  literary  labours. 
He  was  implicated  in  Babington's  and  in  Essex's  conspi 
racies,  and  in  the  Gunpowder  Plot.  See  Bliss's  Wood's 
Athen.  Oxon. 

Habington,  'William,  1605-1645,  son  of  the  pre 
ceding,  was  educated  at  the  College  of  St.  Omer,  and  in 
tended  for  a  Jesuit,  but  in  preference  he  married  Lucy, 
daughter  of  William  Herbert,  first  Lord  Powis,  by  Eleanor, 
daughter  of  Henry  Percy,  first  Earl  of  Northumberland. 
This  lady,  first  as  the  object  of  his  courtship  and  secondly 
as  his  wife,  he  has  celebrated  in  his  poems  under  the  title 
of  Castara.  Under  this  name  also  his  poems  were  col 
lected  and  pub.  in  1634,  Lon.,  4to;  2d  ed.,  1635,  12mo; 
3d  ed.,  1640,  12mo.  New  ed.,  with  a  Pref.  and  Notes  by 
C.  A.  Elton,  Bristol,  1814,  8vo.  Also  in  Johnson  and  Chal 
mers's  Eng.  Poets,  1810. 

"They  possess  much  elegance,  much  poetical  fancy;  and  are 
almost  everywhere  tinged  with  a  deep  molral  cast,  which  ought  to 
have  made  their  fame  permanent  Indeed  I  cannot  easily  account 


"Some  of  his  pieces  deserve  being  revived."—  Headley's  Anc, 
Eng.  Poet. 

"  As  an  amatory  poet  he  possesses  more  unaffected  tenderness 
and  delicacy  of  sentiment  than  either  Carew  or  Waller,  with  an 
elegance  of  versification  very  seldom  inferior  to  his  more  favowe<3 
contemporaries."  —  THOMAS  PARK. 

But  audi  alteram  partem: 
752 


;  He  was  a  middling  poet  of  the  worst  school  of  poetry,  pos 
sessed  the  coldness  without  the  smoothness  and  polish  of  Waller, 
and  sacrificed  grace  and  feeling  to  the  utterance  of  clever  or  strange 
things:  his  amatory  poetry  is  without  passion,  his  funeral  elegies 
without  grief,  and  his  paraphrases  of  scripture  without  the  warmth 
or  elevation  of  the  original."— Lon.  Retrosp.  Rev.,  xii.  274-286: 
1825. 

"  The  poetry  of  Habington  is  that  of  a  pure  and  amiable  mind, 
turned  to  versification  by  the  custom  of  the  day,  during  a  real 
passion  for  a  lady  of  birth  and  virtue,  the  Castara  whom  be  after 
wards  married ;  but  it  displays  no  great  original  power,  nor  is  it  by 
any  means  exempt  from  the  ordinary  blemishes  of  hyperbolical 
compliment  and  far-fetched  imagery." — Hallam's  Lit.  Hist,  of 
Europe. 

2.  The  Queene  of  Aragon;  a  Tragi-Comedie,  1664,  fol. 
And  in  Dodsley's  Collec.  of  Old  Plays. 

"  The  play,  indeed, 
incident,  character,  or  imagery." — Betrosp.  Rev.,  iibi  supra. 

3.  Hist,  of  Edward  the  IV.,  King  of  England,  1640,  fol. 
Written  and  pub.  at  the  desire  of  K.  Charles  I.     It  is  re 
printed  in  vol.  i.  of  Kennett's  Hist,  of  England.     4.  Obser 
vations  upon  Historic,  1641,  8vo. 

Wood  observes  that  the  Hist,  of  Edward  IV.  was 

"  By  many  esteemed  to  have  a  stile  sufficiently  florid,  and  better 
becoming  a  poetical  than  historical  subject." — Athen.  Oxon.,  q.  v.; 
and  also  Biog.  Dramat. ;  and  Johnson  and  Chalmers's  Eng.  Poets, 
1810. 

Hack,  Maria,  a  sister  of  Bernard  Barton,  has  pub. 
English  Stories  of  the  Olden  Time,  Grecian  Stories,  Tales 
of  Travellers  for  Winter  Evenings,  and  other  popular 
juvenile  works. 

Hacke,Capt.Wm.  A  Collection  of  Original  Voyages, 
Lon.,  1699,  8vo.  This  collection  contains  part  of  the  ori 
ginal  material  for  the  History  of  the  Bucaniers :  Capt. 
Cowley's  Voyage  round  the  Globe,  Capt.  Sharp's  Journey 
over  the  Isthmus  of  Darien  and  Expedition  to  the  South 
Seas,  Capt.  Wood's  Voyage  to  the  Straits  of  Magellan,  <fec. 

Hacket,  Mrs.     Poems,  1804,  Svo. 

Hacket,  John,  D.D.,  1592-1670,  a  native  of  London, 
educated  at  Trin.  Coll.,  Camb.;  Rector  of  Stoke-Hamon, 
1618;  of  St.  Andrew's,  Holborn,  London,  and  of  Cheam, 
Surrey,  1624;  Archdeacon  of  Bedford,  1631;  Bishop  of 
Lichfield  and  Coventry,  1661.  As  a  theologian  he  was  a 
zealous  Protestant  and  a  moderate  Calvinist;  as  a  man  he 
was  in  great  reputation  for  piety,  hospitality,  generosity, 
and  benignity.  1.  Comoedia  Loila,  data  per  Job.  Hack»t 
Epis.  Litchfield,  Lon.,  1648,  Svo.  This  Latin  comedy  was 
twice  acted  before  James  I.  2.  Serm.,  1660,  4to.  3.  A 
Century  of  Serms.,  with  the  Author's  Life,  by  Thos.  Plume, 
D.D.,  1675,  fol. 


HAG 


HAG 


"  Bishop  Racket  and  I  go  on  well  after  supper.  His  are  comical 
sermons :  half  Roman  Catholic  in  their  conceits,  full  of  learning 
which  would  be  utterly  unprofitable  if  it  did  not  sometimes  call 
forth  a  shrewd  remark,  seasoned  with  piety,  and  having  strong 
good  sense  mixed  up  with  other  ingredients,  like  plums  in  a  pud 
ding  which  has  not  too  many  of  them." — Southey's  Life  and  Oor- 
resp. 

4.  Scrinia  Reserta:  the  Life  of  Archbishop  Williams, 
1693,  fol.  Abridged  by  Ambrose  Philips,  1700,  8vo. 
Abridged  by  W.  Stephens,  1715,  4to. 

"Full  of  curious  matter." — DISRAELI. 

"  What  a  delightful  and  instructive  book  Bishop  Racket's  Life 
of  Archbishop  Williams  is!  You  learn  more  from  it  of  that  which 
is  valuable  towards  an  insight  into  the  times  preceding  the  Civil 
Wars,  than  from  all  the  ponderous  histories  and  memoirs  now  com 
posed  about  that  period."— COLERIDGE. 

Another  critic  remarks  that  this  work, 

"Though  full  of  elaborate  and  pedantic  absurdity,  insomuch 
that  it  was  roundly  declared  by  a  great  judge  of  style  to  be  the 
worst-written  book  in  the  language,  nevertheless  abounds  with 
new  and  curious  matter." — Lon.  Quar.  Rev. 

A  new  ed.  of  his  Christian  Consolations,  with  a  Memoir, 
was  pub.  in  1840,  fp.  Svo;  and  a  treatise  of  his  on  Fasting 
will  be  found  in  Tracts  of  Angl.  Fathers,  iv.  163. 

"  He  abounded  not  only  with  great  learning,  acute  wit,  excellent 
judgment  and  memory,  but  with  an  incomparable  integrity,  pru 
dence,  justice,  piety,  charity,  constancy  to  God  and  to  his  friend  in 
adversity,  and  in  his  friendship  was  most  industrious  to  fulfil  it 
with  good  offices.  His  motto  was,  Serve  God,  and  be  chearfull." — 
DR.  CAMPBELL:  Biog.  Brit.,  q.  v. ;  also  Life  by  Dr.  Plume,  prefixed 
to  his  Sermons;  Gen.  Diet.;  Athen.  Oxon. ;  Gent.  Mag.,  vol.  Ixvi. 

Hacket,  Lawrence.     Serm.,  1707,  4to. 

Hackett,  Horatio  B.,  b.  December  27,  1808,  at 
Salisbury,  Mass. ;  grad.  at  Amherst  College,  1830;  studied 
Theology  at  Andover,  and  afterwards  at  Halle,  in  Germany ; 
Prof.  Ancient  Languages  in  Brown  Univ.  from  1835  to  1839. 
Since  then  Prof,  of  Hebrew  and  Biblical  Interpretation  in 
Newton  Theological  Institution. 

1.  Plutarch  de  sera  Numinis  Vindicta,  with  a  body  of 
Notes,  Andover,  12mo.  2.  Chaldee  Grammar,  translated 
with  Additions  from  the  German,  8vo.  3.  Hebrew  Exer 
cises  for  the  use  of  Theological  Students.  4.  A  Commen 
tary  on  the  Original  Text  of  the  Acts  of  the  Apostles,  1853, 
Svo;  2ded.,  1858.  5.  Illustrations  of  Scripture,  suggested 
by  a  Tour  in  the  Holy  Land,  Boat.,  1855,  12mo,  pp.  340. 

Prof.  Hackett  has  also  contributed  to  various  literary  and 
theological  reviews.  See  N.  Amer.  Rev.,  July,  1858,  235. 

Hackett,  James.  Expedit.  which  sailed  to  S.  Ame 
rica  in  1817,  1818,  8vo. 

Hackett,  James  Thomas,  b.  in  Cork,  Ireland,  1805, 
son  of  John  Hackett,  is  the  author  of  various  pamphlets 
on  railway  statistics,  building,  and  mathematics. 

Hackett,  John.     Epitaphs,  Lon.,  1757,  2  vols.  12mo. 

"  An  excellent  collection." — Lowndes's  Bibl.  Man. 

Hackett,  Roger.   1.  Serm.,  1591.   2.  Do.,  1598, 1628. 

Hackett,  Thomas,  D.D.,  Bishop  of  Down  and  Con- 
nor,1672;  deprived  for  simony,  1694.  Serm.,Lon.,1672,4to. 

Hackett,  Capt.  Wm.     Cavalry,  1811,  8vo. 

Hackewill,  Wm.     See  HAKEWELL. 

Hackitt,  Thomas.  1.  Voyage  of  Vezarianus,  1524. 
2.  Voyage  of  Ribault,  in  1563.  These  are  included  in 
Hakluyt's  Voyages,  1582,  4to,  q.  v. 

Hackle,  Palmer.     Hints  on  Angling,  Lon.,  1846. 

Hackley,  Charles  W.,  b.  March  9, 1808,  at  Herkimer, 
N.  Y. ;  entered  Military  Acad.,  West  Point,  as  Cadet,  in 
1825;  grad.,  1829;  Assistant  Professor  of  Mathematics'at 
West  Point  until  1832 ;  studied  law,  and  afterwards  theo 
logy,  and  was  ordained  a  clergyman  in  the  Prot.  Episcopal 
Church  in  1835 ;  Prof.  Mathematics  in  the  Univ.  of  New 
York  till  1838 ;  afterwards  Pres.  of  Jefferson  College,  Mis 
sissippi;  Rector  of  St.  Peter's  Epis.  Church  in  Auburn, 
N.  Y. ;  and  Prof,  of  Mathematics  and  Astronomy  in  Co 
lumbia  College,  N.  Y.,  (since  1843.)  1.  Treatise  on  Algebra, 
N.  Y.,  1846,  8vo.  This  is  considered  one  of  the  most  full 
and  complete  single  treatises  on  this  subject  in  any  language. 
2.  A  School  and  College  edition,  abridged  from  the  same, 
8vo.  3.  A  treatise  on  Geometry,  1847,  12mo.  4.  A  trea 
tise  on  Trigonometry  and  its  applications  to  Navigation, 
Surveying,  Nautical  and  Practical  Astronomy,  <fec.,  and 
Geodesy,  1851,  '54,  Svo.  5.  Hoslett's  Mechanics',  Machin 
ists',  and  Engineers'  Practical  Book  of  Reference;  and  the 
Engineer's  Field-Book;  edited  by  C.  W.  H.,  1856,  12mo. 

Hackluyt,  Richard.    See  HAKLUYT. 

Hackman,  Rev.  James.  His  Letters:  see  Sir  Her 
bert  Croft's  Love  and  Madness. 

Haddington,  Thomas  Hamilton,  first  Earl  of,  d. 
1637,  left  a  number  of  legal  MSS. — Practice,  Decisions 
of  the  Ct.  of  Session,  1592-1624,  Ac.— for  an  account  of 
which  see  Park's  Walpole's  R.  and  N.  Authors. 

Haddiugton,  Thomas  Hamilton,  sixth  Earl  of, 
d.  1785,  was  the  author  of  Forty  Select  Poems.  1737.  '61, 
48 


'65,  '83.     Tales  in  Verse,  and  a  Treatise  on  Forest  Trees, 
1761.     See  Park's  Walpole's  R.  and  N.  Authors. 

Haddock,  Charles  B.,  D.D.,  b.  1796,  late  minister 
from  the  U.  States  to  Portugal,  is  a  native  of  Salisbury, 
(now  Franklin,)  N.  Hampshire,  and  a  nephew  of  the  late 
Hon.  Daniel  Webster.  An  interesting  biographical  sketch 
of  this  eminent  scholar  and  divine  will  be  found  in  the 
International  Magazine,  ii.  1-3.  Addresses  and  Miscella 
neous  Writings,  Cambridge,  1846,  8vo.  Dr.  H.  has  been  a 
contributor  to  The  Biblical  Repertory,  The  Bibliotheca 
Sacra,  and  other  periodicals.  He  has  now  in  preparation 
a  work  on  Rhetoric. 

Haddo,  James.     Baptism,  Edin.,  1704,  4to. 

Haddon,  Walter,  1516-1572,  a  native  of  Bucking 
hamshire,  one  of  the  revivers  of  the  learned  languages  in 
England,  Fellow  of  King's  Coll.,  Camb.,  became  President 
of  Magdalen  Coll.,  Oxf.,  and  Prof,  of  Rhetoric  and  Ora 
tory  in  the  University.  He  was  one  of  the  authors  of  The 
Reformatio  Legum  Ecclesiasticarum.  A  collective  edit, 
of  his  works,  consisting  of  10  Latin  Orations,  14  letters, 
and  some  poems,  was  pub.  in  1567,  Lon.,  4to,  under  the 
title  of  Lucubrationes,  <fec.  His  Poemata  were  pub.,  with 
his  Life,  in  1576,  16mo. 

When  Queen  Elizabeth  was  asked  whether  she  preferred 
Haddon  or  Buchanan  in  point  of  learning,  she  replied, 
"  Buchananum  omnibus  antepono, 
Haddonum  nemini  postpono." 

An  eminent  modern  critic  considers  that  Haddon's  merits 
as  a  Latinist  have  been  overrated  : 

"Many  of  our  own  critics  have  extolled  the  Latinity  of  Walter 
Haddon.  His  Orations  were  published  in  1567.  They  belong  to 
the  first  years  of  this  period,  [1550  to  1600,]  but  they  seem  hardly 
to  deserve  any  high  praise.  Haddon  had  certainly  laboured  at  an 
imitation  of  Cicero,  but  without  catching  his  manner  or  getting 
rid  of  the  florid,  semi-poetical  tone  of  the  fourth  century." — Hal- 
lam's  Lit.  Hist,  of  Europe. 

Haden,  Charles  Thomas.  1.  Med.  Guide  for  Fa 
milies,  Lon.,  Svo.  2.  Alcock's  Diseases  of  Children,  Svo. 
3.  Formulary  rel.  to  Morphine,  &c. :  see  DUNGLISON,  ROB- 
LEY,  M.D.,  LL.D. 

Haden,  Thomas.  Case  of  Rupture,  Trans.  Med. 
and  Chir.,  1800.  The  patient  recovered. 

Hadfield,  James.  Gothic  Architec.  of  Essex,  Lon., 
1848,  fol.  A  work  of  great  value  to  the  antiquary  as  well 
as  to  the  architect. 

Hadfield,  Thomas.  1.  Serm.,  1733,  Svo.  2.  Do., 
1737,  Svo. 

Hadley,  George.  Trade  Winds,  Phil.  Trans.,  1735. 
2.  Meteorolog.  Diaries,  ib.  1735. 

Hadley,  Capt.  George.  Hist,  of  Kingston-upon- 
Hull,  1788,  4to.  Capt.  H.  pub.  some  grammat.  works 
upon  the  Persian  language,  <fcc.,  1776-1S09. 

Hadley,  John,  d.  1744,  whose  name  is  connected 
with  the  invention  of  the  quadrant  and  of  a  reflecting 
telescope,  contributed  a  number  of  papers  on  astronomy, 
nat.  philos.,  Ac.  to  Phil.  Trans.,  1723-46.  He  was  Vice- 
President  of  the  Royal  Society. 

Hadley,  John.     Chem.  Lects.,  Camb.,  1758,  Svo. 

Hadow,  James.   Antinomianism,  Edin.,  1721, 12mo. 

Haggar,  Henry.  The  Order  of  Causes,  of  God's 
Fore-Knowledge,  <fec.,  Lon.,  1654,  4to. 

Haggard,  John,  LL.D.  1.  Reports  in  Consis.  Ct.  of 
London,  Lon.,  1822,  2  vols.  Svo.  2.  Rep.  in  H.  Ct.  Admi 
ralty,  1822-38,  3  vols.  Svo ;  1825-40.  Continued  by  Dr. 
Wm.  Robinson.  3.  Rep.  of  the  Judg.  in  Dew  v.  Clark  and 
Clark,  1826,  Svo.  4.  Rep.  of  the  Judg.  rel.  to  Grace,  1828, 
Svo.  5.  Rep.  in  Eccles.  Cts.,  1827-32,  4  vols.  Svo. 

Haggerstone,  George.  Remarks  on  a  Serm. 
preached  by  Rev.  W.  Graham,  Lon.,  1773,  Svo. 

Haggerty,  Francis,  D.D.     Serm.,  1810. 

Haggett,  John.     See  HAGGITT. 

Haggitt,  Francis,  D.D.    Serm.,  Ac.,  1810,  '13. 

Haggitt,  George.  1.  The  Sacrament,  Lon.,  1793, 
Svo.  2.  Serms.,  1796,  '97,  2  vols.  Svo;  1825,  Svo. 

"  Plain  and  practical  sermons ;  written  in  simple  and  unorna- 
mented  language." 

Haggitt,  John.  1.  Serm.,  Lon.,  1800,  Svo.  2.  Two 
Letts,  on  Gothic  Architecture,  Camb.,  1813,  r.  Svo. 

Haghe,  Louis,  b.  in  Belgium,  1822,  for  many  years 
a  resident  of  England.  Sketches  in  Belgium  and  Ger 
many,  3  series,  1840,  '45,  '50,  all  imp.  fol. 

"This  work  is  an  honour  to  the  Artist  and  a  credit  to  the 
country,  as  containing  first-rate  specimens  of  artistic  skill."— Lon. 

Mr.  H.  has  pub.  several  other  works,  "illustrating  with 
masterly  fidelity  the  archaeological  treasures  of  his  native 
country."  See  Men  of  the  Time,  Lon.,  1856. 

Hagthorpe,  John.  Divine  Meditations  and  Elegies, 
Lon.,  1622,  am.  Svo.  2.  Visionea  Rerum,  1623,  sm.  Svo. 

753 


HAG 

3.  England's  Exchequer ;  or,  A  Discourse  of  the  Sea  and  j 
Navigation,  1625,  4to.     Respecting  the  three  preceding  I 
works,   see    Brydges's   Brit.  Bibliog.,  i.  236-240;    Bibl. 
Anglo-Poet,  925,  926.     A  vol.  entitled    Hagthorpe  Re 
vived,  printed  entirely  on  India  paper,  was  struck  off  at 
the  Lee  Priory  Press,  by  Sir  S.  E.  Brydges,  for  the  mem 
bers  of  the  Roxburghe  Club,  1817,  4to. 

Hague,  Thomas.  Political  tracts,  1808,  '09,  '10. 
Hague,  William,  D.D.,  a  native  of  New  York,  a 
Baptist  minister,  now  (1856)  settled  at  Albany,  N.  York. 
1.  The  Baptist  Church  transplanted  from  the  Old  World 
to  the  New,  N.  York,  1846,  12mo.  2.  Guide  to  Conversa 
tion  on  the  Gospel  of  John,  Boston.  3.  Review  of  Drs. 
Fuller  and  Wayland  on  Slavery,  18mo.  Answered  by  the  | 
Rev.  Thos.  Meredith,  Raleigh,  N.  C.  4.  Christianity  and 
Statesmanship,  N.  York,  1855,  12mo.  5.  Home  Life :  12 
Lects.  on  the  Duties  and  Relations  of  the  Family  Circle. 
See  Memoirs  of  Margaret  Fuller  Ossoli,  i.  184. 

Ilahn,  James,  and  Placido  and  Justo  Gener. 
The  Steam  Engine  for  Practical  Men,  Lon.,  1854,  8vo. 

"A  very  useful  guide  to  the  Practical  Engineer." — Lon.  Civil 
Engineer  and  Architect's  Journal. 

Haig,  Charles.  Corp.  Act  of  Ireland,  Dubl.,  1841, 
12mo.  See  1  Legal  Reporter,  175. 

Haig,  James.  Topog.  and  Hist.  Account  of  Kelso 
and  Roxburgh,  &c.,  Edin.,  1825,  8vo. 

Haig,  James.     The  Separation  of  Law  and  Equity, 
Ac.,  Lon.,  1841,  12mo.     See  5  Jurist,  1026. 
Haigh,  J.     Day  Schools,  1816,  18mo. 
Haigh,  James.     1.  The  Dyer's  Assist.,  Leeds,  1778, 
12mo.     2.  Hint  to  Dyers,  <fec.,  Lon.,  1779,  8vo. 

Haigh,  Samuel.  Sketches  of  Buenos  Ayres,  Chili, 
and  Peru,  Lon.,  8vo. 

"We  recommend  the  book  as  an  unpretending  production, 
abounding  in  fair  and  impartial  observations,  in  interesting  facts, 
in  description  of  manners  faithful,  while  they  are  picturesque." — 
Lon.  AthenoEum. 

Haigh,  Thomas.  1.  Conjuga  Latina,  Lon!,  1808, 
12mo.  2.  Diurnal  Readings,  1814,  12mo. 

Haight,  Rev.  Benjamin,  Rector  of  All-Saints' 
Church,  N.  York.  Address  before  the  Philolexian  Soc.  of 
Columbia  Coll.,  May  17,  1840,  N.  York,  1840,  8vo,  pp.  31. 
Haight,  Mrs.  Sarah  Rogers,  formerly  Miss  Ro 
gers,  wife  of  Mr.  Richard  K.  Haight,  of  New  York,  has 
embodied  the  results  of  many  years'  foreign  travel  in  two 
popular  vols.,  entitled  Letters  from  the  Old  World,  N. 
York,  1840,  2  vols.  12mo. 

"These  are  delightful  volumes  of  familiar  epistles  from  Egypt, 
Syria,  Palestine,  Asia  Minor,  Turkey,  and  Greece;  and  the  impres 
sions  they  give  us  of  those  intensely-interesting  regions  are  so 
vivid  and  lifelike,  that  we  have  more  than  once  in  reading  them 
imagined  ourselves  with  the  gifted  lady-author  in  '  the  land  of  the 
east — the  clime  of  the  sun.' " 

Haighton,  John,  M.D.     Profess,  con.  to  Med.  Com., 
1789 ;  to  Memoirs  Med.,  1789,  '92;  to  Phil.  Trans.,  1795,  '97. 
Hailes,  Lord.     See  DALRYMPLE,  DAVID. 
Hailes,  C.  Reward  of  the  Mercifull,  Lon.,  1595, 16mo. 
Hailes,  Wm.     Serm.,  1722,  8vo. 
Hails,  W.  A.     1.  Invention  of  the  Life-Boat,  1806, 
8vo.     2.  Nugae  Poeticse,  1806. 

Hails,  W.  H.  1.  Deity  of  the  Messiah.  2.  Socinian- 
ism  Unscriptural,  1813. 

Hailstone,  John.  1.  Lects.  on  Mineralogy,  1791, 
8vo.  2.  Geology  of  Cambridgeshire,  Geol.  Trans.,  1816. 
Hainam,  Hanam,  or  Hannam,  Richard.  1.  His 
Life,  Lon.,  1656,  4to.  2.  His  Last  Farewell  to  the  World, 
1656,  12mo.  3.  His  Speech  and  Confession,  1656,  4to. 
Hainam  was  a  famous  thief,  and  died  under  the  gallows. 
There  was  pub.  a  work  entitled  The  English  Villain,  or 
The  Grand  Thief;  being  a  full  Relation  of  the  desperate 
life  and  death  of  Richard  Hainam,  Lon.,  pp.  14. 

Haines,  Charles  G.,  d.  1825,  aged  32,  a  native  of 
Canterbury,  New  Hampshire,  practised  law  in  New  York. 
Among  his  writings  are— 1.  Considerations  on  the  Erie 
Canal,  1818.  2.  Memoir  of  T.  A.  Emmet,  1829. 

Haines,  Richard,  pub.  several  treatises  on  Trade, 
Work-Houses,  Alins-Houses,  &c.,  Lon.,  1670-84.  See 
Watt's  Bibl.  Brit 

^aiWv?rdlJohn*  The  StronS  Helper;  teaching  in 
all  Troubles  how  to  cast  our  Burden  upon  God,  Lon., 
1614,  8vo. 

Hake,  Edward,  pub.  some  theolog.,  historical,  and 
other  treatises,  Lon.,  1574-1604.  See  Watt's  Bibl.  Brit.- 
Lowndes's  Bibl.  Man. 

Hakewill,  George,  D.D.,  1579-1649,  a  native  of 
Exeter,  educated  at  St.  Alban's  Hall,  Oxf.,  became  Arch 
deacon  of  Surrey,  1616.  He  pub.  several  theolog.  treatises 
and  serms.,  1608-41,  and  the  following  work,  by  which  he 
is  best  known  :  An  Apologie  or  Declaration  of  the  Power 


HAK 

and  Providence  of  God  in  the  Government  of  the  World, 
Oxf.,  1627,  '30,  '35,  fol. 

"  There  have  been  many  great  inquests,"  remarks  Joshua  Syl 
vester, 

"  To  find  the  cause  why  bodies  still  grow  less, 

And  daily  nearer  to  the  pigmies'  size." 

Hakewill,  however,  contends  that  the  earth  does  not 
decay  as  it  grows  old,  and  that  nature  is  not  debilitated 
with  age.  He  has  treated  his  subject  with  much  ability, 
and  his  work  has  been  highly  commended  by  Abp.  Usher, 
Dr.  Warton,  Dugald  Stewart,  and  others. 

"  Those  who  think  the  World  is  degenerated  would  do  well  to 
read  it." — Dr.  J.  Warton  to  Alex.  Pope. 

"  The  production  of  an  uncommonly  liberal  and  enlightened 
mind,  well  stored  with  various  and  choice  learning,  collected  both 
from  ancient  and  modern  authors." — DUGALD  STEWART. 

"  A  work  admirably  interesting,  as  well  by  its  piety  as  its  learn 
ing." — TODD. 

"  Some  of  the  good  old  archdeacon's  topics  may  excite  a  smile  in 
these  times." — SOUTHEY. 

"  A  celebrated  work,  highly  commended.  The  style  of  Johnson 
was  much  formed  upon  that  of  Hooker,  Bacon,  Sanderson,  Hake- 
will,  and  others, — '  Those  Giants,'as  a  great  personage  calls  them." 
"  The  learning  shown  in  this  treatise  is  very  extensive ;  but  Hake- 
will  has  no  taste,  and  cannot  perceive  any  real  superiority  in  the 
ancients." — Hallam's  Lit.  Hist,  of  Europe. 

See  Athen.  Oxon.;  Walker's  Sufferings  of  the  Clergy; 
Lloyd's  Memoirs ;  Usher's  Life  and  Letters. 

Hakewill,  James,  architect.  1.  Coelebs ;  a  Novel, 
1812,  sm.  8vo.  2.  Hist,  of  Windsor,  Ac.,  Lon.,  1813,  imp. 
4to,  and  1.  paper.  3.  Picturesque  Tour  of  Italy,  1816-17, 
63  engravings  from  drawings,  by  J.  M.  W.  Turner,  1820, 
4to,  and  1.  paper,  fol. 

"  One  of  the  most  beautiful  and  really  instructive  works  of  its 
kind  in  this  country." — DibdMs  Lib.  Comp. 

This  should  accompany  Eustace's  Tour,  and  Addison 
and  Forsyth's  Travels. 

4.  Tour  in  Jamaica,  1820-21,  r.  4to,  and  1.  paper,  1S25. 
5.  Elizabethan  Architecture,  1847,  8vo. 

Hakewill,  Wm.,  M.P.,  an  eminent  lawyer,  educated 
at  Exeter  Coll.,  Oxf.,  elder  brother  of  George,  pub.  several 
political  and  other  treatises,  of  which  the  following  are  the 
best-known: — 1.  Liberty  of  the  Subject,  Lon.,  1641,  4to. 
2.  Modus  tenedi  Parliamentum,  1641,  '71,  8vo;  1659, 12mo. 
"  He  was  a  grave  and  judicious  counsellor,  had  sate  in  divers 
parliaments,  and  out  of  his  great  and  long  conversation  with  an 
tiquity  did  extract  several  remarkable  observations  concerning  the 
liberty  of  the  subject,  and  manner  of  holding  of  parliaments." — 
See  Bliss's  Wood's  Athen.  Oxon. 

Hakluyt,  Richard,  1553  P-1616,  Preb.  of  Bristol  and 
of  Westminster,  and  Rector  of  Wetheringset,  Suffolk,  was 
a  native  of  London  or  its  vicinity,  and  educated  at  Christ 
Church,  Oxford.  He  took  great  interest  in  the  voyages 
made  by  his  countrymen  and  others;  and  it  is  to  his  in 
dustry  and  enterprise  that  we  are  indebted  for  the  preser 
vation  of  accounts  which  would  otherwise,  in  all  proba 
bility,  have  been  entirely  lost  to  the  world.  1.  Diuers 
Voyages  touching  the  Discouerie  of  America  and  the 
Islands  adjacent  unto  the  same,  «fec.,  Lon.,  1582,  4to. 
2.  Foure  Voyages  unto  Florida,  <fec.,  by  Capt.  Loudonniere 
and  others.  Trans,  from  the  French,  by  R.  Hakluyt,  1587, 
4to.  The  year  preceding  he  had  this  work  pub.  at  Paris, 
in  French.  He  also  had  pub.  at  Paris,  in  1587,  an  im 
proved  ed.  of  Peter  Martyr's  work,  De  Orbe  Novo,  Svo; 
and  at  his  suggestion  this  work  was  afterwards  trans,  into 
English,  by  M.  Lok,  and  pub.  under  the  title  of  The  His 
toric  of  the  West  Indies.  It  is  repub.  in  the  Supp.  Vol.  to 
the  reprint  of  Hakluyt's  Voyages,  1809-12,  5  vols.  4to. 
See  Lon.  Retrosp.  Rev.,  xi.  100-123 :  1825.  3.  The  Prin 
cipal  Nauigations,  Voyages,  Traffiques,  and  Discoueries  of 
the  English  Nation,  made  by  sea  or  over  land,  to  the  most 
remote  and  farthest  distant  quarters  of  the  Earth,  at  any 
time  within  the  compasse  of  these  1500  years,  1589,  fol. 
This  is  the  first  ed.  of  the  celebrated  collection  to  which 
Hakluyt  principally  owes  his  fame.  It  is  exceedingly 
rare;  and  Jadis's  copy,  (see  his  cat,  339,)  with  a  map  re 
ferred  to  in  the  preface,  (see  next  sentence,)  and  an  account 
of  Sir  F.  Drake's  Voyage,  6  leaves,  inserted  between  pp. 
643-644,  sold  for  £26  5s. 

"  But  the  best  map  of  the  sixteenth  century  is  one  of  uncommon 
rarity,  which  is  found  in  a  very  few  copies  of  the  first  edition  of 
Hakluyt's  Voyages.  This  contains  Davis's  Straits,  (Fretum  Davis,) 
Virginia  by  name,  and  the  lake  Ontario.  ...  It  represents  the  ut 
most  limit  of  geographical  knowledge  at  the  close  of  the  sixteenth 
century,  and  far  excels  the  maps  in  the  edition  of  Ortelius  at  Ant 
werp  in  1588." — Hallam's  Lit.  Hist,  of  Europe,  q.  v. 

An  enlarged  ed.,  comprehending  1600  years,  appeared 
1598-99-1600,  in  3  vols.  fol.,  bound  in  2.  In  some  of  the 
copies,  the  Voyage  to  Cadiz,  forming  pp.  607-619  of  the 
1st  vol.,  is  wanting,  or  supplied  by  a  reprint.  It  was  sup 
pressed  by  the  order  of  Q.  Elizabeth,  after  the  disgrace  of 
the  Earl  of  Essex.  The  scarcity  of  these  vols.  induced 
1  Mr.  Evans  to  publish  a  new  ed.,  edited  by  Mr.  G.  Woodfall, 


HAK 


HAK 


1809-12,  5  vols. r. 4to,  £15  15«. — 250  copies  printed;  large 
paper,  imp.  4to,  £31  10s. — 75  copies  printed.  This  ed. 
contains  an  accurate  reprint  of  the  best  folio  ed.,  with  the 
addition  of  those  voyages  which  were  pub.  in  the  1st  ed. 
and  omitted  in  the  2d.  The  above  reprinted  matters  are 
included  in  vols.  i.,  ii.,  and  iii.,  and  part  of  vol.  iv.,  of  the 
new  ed.  The  latter  part  of  vol.  iv.,  and  the  whole  of  vol. 
v.,  are  taken  up  with  voyages  printed  by  Hakluyt,  or  at 
his  suggestion,  subsequent  to  the  publication  of  his  Collec 
tion,  and  a  tract  from  a  MS.  entitled  The  Omission  of  Cales 
Voyage  stated  and  discussed  by  the  Earl  of  Essex,  and  a 
MS.  of  Brocquiere.  This  Supp.  was  also  pub.  in  a  sepa 
rate  vol.,  1812,  4to.  The  contents  are  as  follows — reprints : 

1.  Galvano's  Discoveries  of  the  World,  1601. 

2.  Davis.  The  World's  Hydrographical  Description,  1595. 

3.  Brocquiere,  Voyage  d'Outremer.     From  a  MS. 

4.  Eden,  Navigation  and  Voyages  of  Lewis  Vertomanus. 

5.  A  Voyage  made  by  certain  ships  of  Holland  to  the 

East  Indies,  1598. 

6.  The  prosperous  and  speedy  voyage  to  Java,  performed 

by  8  ships  of  Amsterdam,  in  1598-99,  (1600.) 

7.  Newes  from  the  East  Indies  :  or,  a  Voyage  to  Bengalla, 

1638. 

8.  The  Fardle  of  Facions,  1555. 

9.  The  Conquest  of  the  grand  Canaries,  1599. 

10.  The  History  of  the  West  Indies.     A  trans,  of  P.  Mar 

tyr's  Decades. 

11.  Virginia  richly  valued,  by  the  description  of  the  maine 

land  of  Florida,  1609. 

12.  A  Discovery  of  the  Bermudas,  set  forth  by  Silvanus 

Jourdan,  1610. 

13.  A  true  copy  of  a  discourse  on  the  late  voyage  to  Spain, 

1589. 

14.  The  omissions  of  Cales  Voyage  stated  by  the  Earl  of 

Essex.     From  a  MS. 

In  the  original  edits,  of  Hakluyt's  Collection — see  No.  3 
— which  are  contained  in  vols.  i.,  ii.,  iii.,  and  part  of  vol. 
iv.,  of  the  reprint  of  1809-12,  will  be  found  narratives  of 
nearly  220  voyages,  with  many  relative  documents,  con 
sisting  of  patents,  letters,  instructions,  &c.  The  first  part 
of  the  Collection  consists  of  Voyages  to  the  North  and  the 
Northeast;  the  true  state  of  Ireland;  the  defeat  of  the 
Spanish  Armada;  the  expedition  under  the  Earl  of  Essex 
to  Cadiz,  «fec.  The  second  part  entertains  us  with  voyages 
to  the  South  and  Southeast;  and  in  the  third  portion  our 
curiosity  is  gratified  and  our  mind  enriched  by  the  account 
of  expeditions  to  North  America,  the  West  Indies,  and 
round  the  world.  Of  this  invaluable  storehouse  of  enter 
taining,  amusing,  and  instructive  matter,  and  of  its  col 
lector,  we  shall  have  more  to  say  presently.  4.  Two  Re 
membrances  of  things  to  be  undiscovered  in  Turkey, 
touching  our  Cloathing  and  Dying,  1592.  5.  A  Trans, 
from  the  Portugese  of  Antonio  Gulvare's  Hist,  of  the  Dis 
coveries  of  the  World,  from  the  first  Original  to  A.D.  1555, 
1601,  4to.  6.  A  Trans,  from  the  Portugese  of  Virginia, 
richly  valued,  &c.,  1609,  4to.  Reprinted  in  Supp.  to  new 
ed.  of  Hakluyt's  Voyages,  1809-12,  5  vols.  4to.  7.  Hist, 
of  the  Travailes,  Discouery,  and  Conquest  of  Terra  Florida, 
by  Don  Ferdinando  de  Soto,  1611,  4to.  8.  Hakluyt's  MSS. 
Remains,  which  would  have  formed  another  vol.,  fell  into 
the  bands  of  Samuel  Purchas,  and  were  dispersed  by  him 
throughout  his  Pilgrimes,  (Hakluyt  Posthumus,)  5  vols. 
fol.,  1625-26.  For  further  particulars  respecting  Hakluyt 
and  his  publications,  see  Biog.  Brit.;  Oldys's  Librarian; 
Athen.  Oxon. ;  Locke's  Explan.  Cat.  of  Voyages  prefixed 
to  Churchill's  Collection  of  Voyages ;  Clarke's  Progress 
of  Maritime  Discovery;  Dibdin's  Lib.  Comp. ;  Lowndes's 
Bibl.  Man. 

As  few — very  few — bibliographers  can  ever  hope  to  exult 
in  the  possession  of  a  set  of  the  Voyages  of  De  Bry,  it  is 
no  small  consolation  to  be  able  to  secure,  at  a  trifling  ex 
pense,  the  five  goodly  quartos,  1809-12,  which  compose 
the  Hakluyt  Collection. 

"  But  what  a  bibliographical  cord  am  I  striking,"  says  that 
amiable  enthusiast,  Dr.  Dibdin,  "in  the  mention  of  the  Travels  of 
De  Bry !  What  a  '  Peregrination?  does  the  possession  of  a  copy  of 
his  labours  imply !  What  toil,  difficulty,  perplexity,  anxiety,  and 
vexation  attend  the  collector — be  he  young  or  old — who  sets  his 
heart  upon  a  PERFECT  DE  BRY  !  How  many  have  started  forward 
in  this  pursuit  with  gay  spirits  and  well-replenished  purses,  but 
have  turned  from  it  in  despair,  and  abandoned  it  in  utter  hope 
lessness  of  achievement!"— Library  Companion. 

But  what  a  tempting,  yet  what  a  hydra-headed,  theme, 
have  we  almost  unconsciously  approached  !  But  we  cannot 
linger  even  over  a  dish  so  epicurean  and  highly  flavoured. 
Let  the  veritable  bibliographer,  who  longs  for  a  rich  repast, 
refer  to  the  Bibliotheca  Grenvilliana,  184-194.  The  grand 
series  of  vols.  there  described  now  reposes  in  the  British 


Museum,  and,  with  the  addition  of  those  which  were  already 
in  the  library,  may  claim  to  be  one  of  the  principal  orna 
ments  of  that  noble  institution.  But  we  are  happy  to  add 
that  the  most  complete  set  of  DE  BRY  in  existence  is  in 
the  possession  of  an  American  gentleman,  Mr.  Jamea 
Lenox,  of  New  York,  collected  by  the  anxious  toil  of  many 
of  his  agents  in  various  parts  of  the  world,  and  at  an  ex 
pense,  it  is  asserted,  of  not  less  than  £4000. 

But  to  return  to  Hakluyt :  it  is  amusing  to  observe  the 
diffidence  with  which  old  Anthony  a  Wood  ventures  a 
timid  vaticination  respecting  the  future  status  of  the  wild 
country  to  which  so  many  adventurers  recorded  by  Hak 
luyt's  industry  steered  their  barques  : 

"  Which  work,"  says  Anthony,  referring  to  Hakluyt's  Collec 
tion,  "  being  by  him  performed  with  great  care  and  industry, 
cannot  but  be  an  honour  to  the  realm  of  England,  because  pos 
sibly  many  ports  and  islands  in  America,  that  are  bare  and  bar 
ren,  and  only  bear  a  name  for  the  present,  may  prove  rich  places 
in  future  time." — Athen.  Oxon. 

Could  Anthony  now  open  his  eyes  upon  the  twenty-five 
millions  of  people  in  the  United  States,  doubtless  he  would 
claim  no  small  credit  for  his  discernment.  The  author 
of  the  Explanatory  Catalogue  of  Voyages  prefixed  to 
Churchill's  Collection  of  Voyages,  said  to  be  the  cele 
brated  John  Locke,  characterizes  Hakluyt's  Collection  as 

"  Valuable  for  the  good  there  to  be  picked  out :— but  it  might 
be  wished  that  the  author  had  been  less  voluminous,  delivering 
what  was  really  authentic  and  useful,  and  not  stuffing  his  work 
with  so  many  stories  taken  upon  trust,  so  many  trading  voyages 
that  have  nothing  new  in  them,  so  many  warlike  exploits  not  at 
all  pertinent  to  his  undertaking,  and  such  a  multitude  of  articles, 
charters,  privileges,  letters,  relations,  and  other  things  little  to  the 
purpose  of  travels  and  discoveries." 

But  we  think  that  this  criticism  is  open  to  severe  anim 
adversion.  Every  item  excepted  against  is  a  valuable 
portion  of  the  great  whole. 

An  eminent  authority  thus  compares  the  respective 
merits  of  Hakluyt  and  Purchas  as  compilers  of  voyages : 

"  We  have  in  our  own  language  as  good  and  as  bad  collections 
as  ever  were  made;  one  instance  of  each  may  suffice.  Mr.  Hak 
luyt  was  an  able,  ingenious,  diligent,  accurate,  and  useful  com 
piler;  and  his  collections  are  as  valuable  as  anything  in  their 
kind ;  on  the  other  hand,  Purchas  his  Pilgrims  are  very  volumin 
ous,  and  for  the  most  part  a  very  trifling  and  insigriificant  collec 
tion  :  his  manner,  for  I  cannot  call  it  method,  is  irregular  and 
confused;  his  judgment  weak  and  pedantic;  his  remarks  often 
silly,  and  always  little  to  the  purpose.  This  shows  how  much 
depends  upon  the  care  and  skill  of  the  collector ;  who  on  the  one 
hand  is  to  provide  what  may  entertain  and  please,  and  on  the 
other  is  to  be  careful  that  knowledge  and  instruction  be  conveyed 
with  pleasure  and  amusement." — Dr.  John  Harris's  Oollec.  of 
Voyages,  Introduc.  See  PURCHAS,  SAMUEL. 

An  abstract  of  Hakluyt's  labours  will  be  found  in 
Oldys's  Brit.  Lib.,  136-158.  The  compiler  declares  that 
"  this  elaborate  and  excellent  collection" 

"  Redounds  as  much  to  the  Glory  of  the  English  Nation,  as  any 
Book  that  ever  was  published  in  it." 

"  Every  reader  conversant  in  the  annals  of  our  naval  transac 
tions  will  cheerfully  acknowledge  the  merit  of  Richard  Hakluyt, 
who  devoted  his  studies  to  the  investigation  of  those  periods  of 
English  History  which  regard  the  improvement  of  navigation  and 
commerce.  .  .  .  Thus  animated  and  encouraged,  [by  Sir  Francis 
Walsingham  and  Sir  Philip  Sidney.]  he  was  enabled  to  leave  to 
posterity  the  fruits  of  his  unwearied  labours — an  invaluable  trea 
sure  of  nautical  information  preserved  in  volumes  which  even  at 
this  day  affix  to  his  name  a  brilliancy  of  reputation  which  a  series 
of  ages  can  never  efface  or  obscure." — Zouch's  Life  of  Sir  Philip 
Sidney. 

"  Works  like  these  [Hakluyt  and  Purchas]  are  very  curious 
monuments  of  the  nature  of  human  enterprises,  human  testimony 
and  credulity — of  the  nature  of  the  human  mind  and  of  human 
affairs.  Much  more  is,  indeed,  offered  to  a  refined  and  philosophic 
observer,  though  buried  amid  this  unwieldy  and  unsightly  mass, 
than  was  ever  supposed  by  its  original  readers,  or  even  its  first 
compilers." — Prof.  Smyth's  Lects.  on  Mod.  Hist. 

"  Richard  Hakluyt,  the  enlightened  friend  and  able  document 
ary  historian  of  these  commercial  enterprises,  [Voyages  to  New 
England,]  a  man  whose  fame  should  be  vindicated  and  asserted  in 
•ihe  land  which  he  helped  to  colonize." — Bancroft's  History  of  the 
United  States,  15th  ed.,  i.  113 :  1854. 

The  collector  must  place  on  the  same  shelf  with  his 
Hakluyt's  Collection  the  publications  of  the  Society 
which  bears  the  honoured  name  of  the  enthusiastic  and 
laborious  compiler.  The  Hakluyt  Society  was  established 
in  1846,  and  its  publications  to  1854  are  as  follows  : 

Hakluyt  Society's  Publications: 

1.  Observations  of  Sir  R.  Hawkins  in  the  South  Sea, 
1593,  edited  by  C.  R,  D.  Bethune ;  1847. 

2.  Select  Letters  of  Columbus,  translated  by  R.  H.  Major; 
1847. 

3.  Discovery  of  Guiana,  <fec.  in  1595,  by  Sir  W.  Raleigh, 
edited  by  Sir  R.  H.  Schomburgh;  1848. 

4.  Sir  F.  Drake's  Voyage,  1595,  edited  by  W.  D.  Cooley  ; 
1849. 

5.  Voyages  towards  the  N.  W.  in  search  of  a  Passage  to 
Cathay  from  1496  to  1631,  edited  by  T.  Rundall ;  1849. 


HAL 


HAL 


6.  Strachey's  Historic  of  Travaile  into  Virginia  Britan 
nia,  edited  from  an  original  MS.  by  B.  H.  Major;  1849. 

7.  Hakluyt.     Divers  Voyages  touching  the  Discovery 
of  America,  edited_  by  J.  W.  Jones ;  1850. 

8.  Memorials  of  the  Empire  of  Japan,  edited  by   T. 
Kundall. 

9.  Discovery  and  Conquest  of  Florida  by  Don  F.  de 
Soto.     Edited  by  W.  B.  Rye ;  1851. 

10.  Remarks  in  many  Voyages  to  Hudson's  Bay,  edited 
by  John  Barrow ;  1852. 

11.  Notes    upon   Russia,  being   a   Translation   of  the 
"  Rerum  Moscoviticarum  Commentarii,"  by  Baron  Sigis- 
mund  von  Herberstein,  Ambassador  to  the  Grand  Prince 
Vasiley    Ivanovich,   1517-26;    edited    by   R.  H.  Major, 
2  vols.;  1851, '52. 

12.  Three  Voyages  by  the  North  East  by  the  Dutch  in 
1594-95  and '96.     Written  by  Gerrit  de  Veer;    edited  by 
C.  T.  Beke  ;  1853. 

13.  Meudoza's  History  of  the  Great  and  Mighty  King 
dom  of  China,1588 ;  edited  by  Sir  G.  Staunton,  2  vols.;  1853. 

14.  The  World  Encompassed,  by  Sir   Francis  Drake, 
1577-80;  1854. 

See  an  interesting  article  on  the  publications  of  the 
Hakluyt  Society  in  the  N.  Brit.  Rev.,  xviii.  229-242. 

Halbrooke,  W.,  M.D.  Profess,  con.  to  Phil.  Trans., 
1710. 

Halcomb,  J.  1.  Causes  of  Rowe  v.  Grenfell,  Ac., 
Lon.,  1826,  8vo.  2.  Passing  Private  Bills,  1838,  8vo. 

Halcombe,  John,  Jr.     Peace;  an  Ode,  1814. 

Haldane,  Alexander.  Memoirs  of  the  Lives  of 
Robert  Haldane  of  Aithrey  and  of  his  brother  James 
Alexander  Haldane,  Lon.,  1852,  8vo;  2d  ed.,  enlarged, 
same  year.  Reviewed  in  Lon.  Quar.  Rev.,  April,  1856. 

"  A  book  which  will,  in  a  future  age,  be  considered  as  deserving 
a  chief  place  in  the  biography  of  the  first  half  of  the  nineteenth 
century." — British  Banner. 

Haldane,  LI. -Col.  Henry.  1.  Official  Letters  to 
the  Earl  of  Chatham,  Lon.,  1804,  8vo.  2.  Articles  of  War, 
1810,  8vo.  3.  Con.  on  nat.  philos.  to  Nic.  Jour.,  1797,  '98, 
1800. 

Haldane,  James  Alexander,  1768-1851,  a  native 
of  Dundee,  brother  of  Robert  Haldane,  entered  as  mid 
shipman  on  board  an  East  Indiaman,  1785;  appointed 
Captain  of  the  Melville  Castle,  1793 ;  quitted  the  naval 
service  in  1794;  became  an  Independent  itinerant  minis 
ter,  1797 ;  acted  as  pastor  at  the  Tabernacle,  Leith  Walk, 
Edinburgh,  and  laboured  with  great  zeal  and  success  until 
his  death.  1.  Social  Worship,  Ac.  of  the  First  Christians, 
Edin.,  1805,  12mo.  2.  Forbearance.  3.  Baptism.  4.  As 
sociation  of  Believers.  5.  Revelation,  2  vols.  8vo.  6.  Self- 
Examination,  18ino.  7.  Man's  Responsibility,  1842,  12mo. 
8.  Inspiration  of  the  Scriptures,  1845,  12mo.  9.  The 
Atonement,  2d  ed.,  1847,  fp.  8vo.  10.  Expos,  of  the  Epist. 
to  the  Galatians,  1848,  fp.  8vo.  For  an  interesting  account 
of  the  life  and  labours  of  Mr.  Haldane,  see  the  Memoirs, 
Ac.  by  Alexander  Haldane,  ante. 

Haldane,  Robert,  1764-1842,  a  brother  of  the  pre 
ceding,  entered  the  Royal  Navy,  1780,  but  retired  in 
1783,  and  became  an  Independent  itinerant  minister.  He 
laboured  with  great  zeal  for  the  propagation  of  the  Gospel, 
both  at  home  and  on  the  Continent.  He  expended  £30,000 
in  the  erection  of  houses  of  worship,  and  educated  300 
young  men  under  Dr.  Bogue  and  Mr.  Ewing,  as  preachers 
to  officiate  in  them  and  in  other  stations.  For  an  account 
of  his  abundant  labours,  see  the  Memoirs,  Ac.  of  Alex 
ander  Haldane,  ante.  As  a  writer  he  gained  considerable 
reputation  by  the  following  works : — 1.  The  Evidence  and 
Authority  of  Divine  Revelation,  Edin.,  1816,  2  vols.  8vo; 
3d  ed.,  1839,  2  vols.  fp.  8vo.  In  French,  Montauban, 
1817,  2  vols.  12mo. 

"  This  is  a  very  excellent  book  on  the  necessity,  the  evidences, 
and  the  subject  of  revelation.  It  is  distinguished  from  most 
works  of  the  kind  by  the  excellent  views  of  Christianity  which 
it  contains,  and  the  decided  manner  in  which  it  addresses  men 
concerning  the  salvation  of  the  gospel  and  the  infinite  importance 
of  attending  to  their  eternal  interests."—  Orme's  Bibl.  Bib. 

2.  The  Verbal  Inspiration  of  the  Scriptures  maintained 
and  established;  the  Books  of  the  0.  and  N.  T.  proved  to 
be  Canonical,  Ac.,  Edin.,  1830,  12mo;  6th  ed.,  1853,12mo. 

"  ^r>  Haldane's  T'ews  of  the  subject  deserve  serious  considera- 

" Distinguished  for  comprehensive  and  vigorous  thinking"— 
Lowndes's  Brit.  Lib. 

"  A  standard  work  on  the  momentous  subject  of  which  it  treats  " 
— Edin.  Christian  Instructor. 

3.  Expos,  of  the  Epistle  to  the  Romans,  with  Remarks 
on  the  Commentaries  of  Macknight,  Tholuck,  and  Stuart 
Lon.,  1835,  2  vols.  12mo ;  1842, 3  vols.  12mo ;  1852, 3  vols! 
12mo. 

756 


"  Calvin  and  Haldane  stand  alone — the  possessors  as  expositors 
of  this  Epistle  of  nearly  equal  honours."  See  Edin.  Presbyterian 
Review,  May.  1836;  Jan.  and  Nov.  1837. 

"  Calvinistic  and  evangelical ;  answering  those  who  take  opposite 
views  in  these  points." — Bickersteth's  C.  S. 

"  As  Mr.  Haldane  had  commented  rather  severely  on  Dr.  Tholuck, 
the  translator  of  the  professor's  Exposition,  [Rev.  Robt.  Menzies,] 
in  1838,  published  an  Answer  to  Mr.  Robert  Haldane's  Strictures, 
in  8vo.  Tholuck  rejects  the  horribile  decretum  of  Calvin,  which 
Mr.  Haldane  fully  receives.  Mr.  Menzies  has  temperately  replied 
to  his  strictures."— Home's  Bibl.  Bib. 

Haldeman,  Professor  S.S.,b.  in  Lancaster  county, 
Penna.,  1812,  a  distinguished  writer  on  natural  science, 
philology,  Ac.  1.  Freshwater  Univalve  Mollusca  of  the 
United  States,  Phila.,  1840-44,  8vo. 

"  Tery  well  done  in  a  scientific  point  of  view,  and  perfectly  exe 
cuted  in  regard  to  the  plates  and  typography." — Revue  Zool.,  Paris, 
1842. 

2.  Zoological  Contributions,  Phila.,  1842-43.  3.  Ele 
ments  of  Latin  Pronunciation,  Phila.,  1851,  12mo. 

"  That  philosophical  talent  and  tact,  so  essential  for  investiga 
tions  in  natural  science,  which  he  is  well  known  eminently  to 
possess,  he  has  here  brought  to  bear  on  the  elements  of  the  Latin 
language  with  peculiar  success." — Mercersburg  Review,  1852. 

"  His  procedure  is  eminently  original,  and  is  precisely  the  one 
to  lead  to  results  that  may  be  relied  on." — Mf.th.  Quar.  Rev.,  Oct. 
1851. 

4.  Taylor's  Statistics  of  Coal,  2d  ed.,  1855,  8vo.     5.  Zoo- 

j  logical   portion  of  Trego's    Geography  of  Penna.,  1843. 

|  6.  Zoological  portion  of  Rupp's  Hist,  of  Lancaster  co., 

I  Penn.,   1844.      7.   Monographe     du   genre   Leptoxis;   in 

I  Chenu's   Illustrations    Conchyologiques,  Paris,  1847.     8. 

Cryptocephalinarum  Boreali  Americas  Diagnoses  cum  spe- 

ciebus  novis;  Trans.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.,  Phila.,  1849.     9.  On 

some  points  of  Linguistic  Ethnology,  with  Illust.  chiefly 

from  the  aboriginal  languages  of  America;  Amer.  Acad., 

Bost.,  1849.     10.  Zoology  of  the  Invertebrate  Animals,  in 

the  Iconographic  Encyc.,  N.  York,  1850.     11.  Cons,  to  N. 

York  Lit.  World,  1852-53.     12.  Cons.,  about  80  papers,  of 

which  a  list  is  given  in  Agassiz's  Bibliographia  Zoologiae, 

chiefly  in  natural  sciences,  in  the  publications  of  the  Amer. 

Sci.  Assoc.;  Amer.  Acad.,  Bost.;  Amer.  Phil.  Soc.;  Acad. 

Nat,  Sci.,  Phila. ;  U.  .S.  Agr.  Soc. ;  Silliman's  Jour. ;  Quar. 

Jour,  of  Agr.,  Albany ;  and  Penna.  Farm  Jour.,  of  which 

he  edited  vol.  i. 

Hale.     Sin  against  the  Holy  Ghost,  1677,  8vo. 
Hale,  Mrs.     Poetical  Attempts,  Lon.,  1800,  8vo. 
Hale,  Benjamin,  D.D.,  b.  1797,  at  Newburyport, 
Mass.,  grad.  at  Bowdoin  Coll.,  1818.     1.  Introduc.  to  the 
Mechanical   Principles   of  Carpentry,    Bost.,   1827,   8vo. 
2.  Scrip.  Illust.  of  the  Liturgy  of  the  Prot.  Epis.  Church, 
1835,  12mo. 

Hale,  Charles,  b.  1831,  in  Boston,  Mass.,  a  son  of 
Nathan  Hale,  LL.D.,  grad.  at  Harvard  Coll.,  Cambridge, 
1850,  author  of  several  pamphlets ;  contributor  to  the  N. 
Amer.  Rev.,  and  the  Amer.  Almanac;  in  1852  established 
and  edited  To-Day,  a  Boston  Literary  Journal,  which  was 
pub.  for  one  year.  Mr.  H.  is  now  junior  editor  of  the 
Boston  Daily  Advertiser,  the  oldest  daily  in  Boston,  having 
been  pub.  and  edited  by  Mr.  H.'s  father  (the  senior  editor) 
from  March  1,  1814,  to  the  present  time,  1858. 

Hale,  David,  1791-1849,  a  native  of  Lisbon,  Conn., 
editor  of  the  New  York  Journal  of  Commerce  from  its 
commencement  in  1827  until  his  death,  was  a  vigorous 
writer,  and  a  man  of  great  excellence  of  character.  See 
notices  of  his  life  and  writings  in  the  Christian  Examiner, 
xlviii.  282,  by  A.  P.  Peabody ;  Liv.  Age,  xx.  373;  N.  Eng., 
viii.  129. 

Hale,  Edward  Everett,  a  son  of  Nathan  Hale,LL.D., 
b,  1822,  in  Boston,  Mass.,  grad.  at  Harvard  Coll.,  Camb., 
1839;  pastor  of  the  Church  of  the  Unity  at  Worcester,  Mass., 
till  1856,  and  of  the  South  Congregational  Church,  Boston, 
since  that  time.  1.  The  Rosary,  Bost.,  1848, 12mo,  pp.  290. 
2.  Margaret  Percival  in  America,  1850,  12mo,  pp.  284.  3. 
Sketches  of  Christian  History,  1850,  12mo,  pp.  230.  4. 
Kansas  and  Nebraska,  1855,  12mo,  pp.  256,  and  a  map. 
Editor  of  the  Boston  ed.  of  Lingard's  Hist,  of  England,  of  tho 
Christian  Examiner,  author  of  many  pamphlets  on  theolog. 
and  polit.  subjects,  and  contributor  to  many  of  the  leading 
Reviews. 

Hale,  Enoch,  M.D.,  b.  1790,  took  the  degree  of 
M.D.  at  Harvard  University,  1813,  and  entered  imme 
diately  upon  the  practice  of  medicine  at  Gardiner,  Maine, 
which  he  continued  at  that  place  with  distinguished  success 
until  the  year  1816,  and  from  that  time  to  his  death  in 
Boston,  Nov.  12,  1814.  He  was  an  active  member  of  the 
Massachusetts  Medical  Society  and  of  the  American  Aca 
demy  of  Arts  and  Sciences,  and  during  the  active  practice 
of  his  profession  he  contributed  to  the  cause  of  medical 
science  by  several  independent  publications  of  high  author- 


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ity,  and  by  frequent  essays  and  papers  in  the  medical 
journals. 

Hale,  Horatio,  a  son  of  Mrs.  Sarah  J.  Hale,  gradu 
ated  at  Harvard  College  in  1837,  where  he  was  so  highly 
distinguished  for  his  aptitude  in  the  acquisition  of  lan 
guages,  that  whilst  still  an  undergraduate  he  was  selected 
to  fill  the  post  of  philologist  to  the  United  States  Exploring 
Expedition  commanded  by  Captain  Wilkes.  The  result 
of  his  learned  investigations  will  be  found  in  vol.  vii. — 
Ethnography  and  Philology — of  the  series  of  works  which 
compose  the  history  of  that  noble  enterprise.  Mr.  Halo's 
intelligent  labours  have  elicited  warm  commendation  from 
highly  respectable  authorities,  both  at  home  and  abroad. 
The  distinguished  English  philologist,  Dr.  Latham,  in  his 
recent  work  on  the  Natural  History  and  Varieties  of  Man, 
remarks  that  Mr.  Hale's  work  contains  "the  greatest  mass 
of  philological  data  ever  accumulated  by  a  single  inquirer." 
The  following  lines  give  perhaps  as  good  an  account  of  this 
great  work  as  could  be  conveyed  in  a  brief  description  : 

"  The  first  225  pages  are  devoted  to  Ethnography,  or  an  account 
of  the  customs,  religion,  civil  polity,  and  origin  of  the  nations  of 
the  several  countries  and  islands  visited  by  the  Expedition.  The 
remaining  440  pages  comprise  the  Philology  of  the  same  regions. 
The  various  dialects  of  Polynesia  are  treated  of  under  the  general 
head  of  a  comparative  grammar  of  Polynesia,  followed  by  a  Poly 
nesian  lexicon.  The  languages  of  the  Fejee  Islands,  the  Kings- 
mills,  Rotuma,  Australia,  and  northwest  coast  of  America,  and 
some  dialects  of  Patagonia  and  Southern  Africa,  come  next  under 
consideration.  We  feel  assured  that  a  glance  at  the  work  will  ex 
cite  surprise  in  all  at  the  amount  of  information  collected,  and 
pleasure  at  the  system  and  perspicuity  with  which  the  whole  is 
presented.'' — Amer.  Jour,  of  Science. 

An  interesting  account  of  Mr.  Hale  and  his  work  will  be 
found  in  the  North  American  Review  for  July,  1846,  to 
which  we  must  refer  our  reader.  It  is  no  slight  praise  to 
award  an  author  that  he  has 

"Succeeded  in  giving  a  certain  classical  completeness  to  his 
work,  which  makes  it  a  model  for  future  labourers  in  the  same  or 
in  similar  fields  of  research.  The  style  of  this  volume  is  marked 
by  rare  excellences,  and  those  of  the  highest  order.  It  is  terse, 

compact,  and  business-like,  to  a  remarkable  degree It  is  a 

transparent  medium  of  expression  for  a  richly-informed,  clear- 
thinking,  straight  forward  mind;  it  presents  the  meaning  of  the 
writer  strongly  and  directly  to  the  mind  of  the  reader,  instructing 
while  it  gratifies." — N.  Amer.  Rev. :  ubi  supra. 

After  the  completion  of  this  work  Mr.  Hale  visited  Eu 
rope  and  other  portions  of  the  Eastern  Continent,  and  on 
his  return  was  admitted  to  the  bar.  He  is  now  engaged 
in  the  duties  of  his  profession,  but  occasionally  steals  an 
hour  from  his  briefs  to  contribute  a  prize  essay  on  his 
favourite  theme  to  some  periodical  in  this  country  or  in 
Great  Britain. 

Hale,  John.     Surgical  Case,  Lon.,  1787,  8vo. 

Hale,  Sir  Matthew,  1609-1676,  one  of  the  most 
eminent  of  lawyers  and  excellent  of  men,  was  a  native  of 
Alderley,  Gloucestershire,  entered  Magdalen  Hall,  Oxford, 
1626,  and  admitted  of  Lincoln's  Inn,  1629.  He  refused  to 
take  any  part  in  the  political  troubles  of  his  time,  though 
strongly  opposed  to  the  murder  of  Charles  I.  In  1652  he 
was  one  of  those  appointed  to  effect  a  reformation  of  the 
law,  and  in  the  next  year  was  by  writ  made  sergeant-at-law, 
and  one  of  the  judges  of  the  Common  Bench.  Upon  the 
Restoration,  Charles  II.,  in  1660,  made  him  Chief-Baron 
of  the  Exchequer,  and  in  1671  he  was  promoted  to  the 
high  dignity  of  Lord  Chief-Justice  of  England.  For  the 
particulars  respecting  his  life,  and  legal,  theological,  and 
scientific  publications,  we  refer  to  authorities  cited  below, 
and  also  to  a  recent  publication — Memoirs  of  the  Life, 
Character,  and  Writings  of  Sir  M.  Hale,  by  J.  B.  Williams. 
Lon.,  1835,  12mo. 

"  A  volume  which  clearly  and  agreeably  presents  the  legal  rise 
and  progress  of  a  great  lawyer  and  worthy  man.  The  book  should 
of  necessity  occupy  a  place  in  the  library-shelf  devoted  to  British 
worthies." — Lon.  and  Westminister  Rev. 

A  collective  ed.  of  his  Moral  and  Religious  Works,  now 
first  Collected  and  Revised,  edited  by  the  Rev.  T.  Thirl- 
wall,  with  the  Life  by  Bishop  Burnet,  and  an  Appendix, 
etc.,  Lon.,  1805,  2  vols.  8vo.  A  new  ed.  has  been  pub. 
Among  his  best-known  miscellaneous  works  are  his  Con 
templations,  The  Primitive  Origination  of  Mankind,  The 
Knowledge  of  Christ  Crucified,  (new  ed.,  by  the  Rev. 
David  Young,  Glasg.,  1828,  12mo,)  and  his  Letters  to  his 
Children.  Several  of  his  minor  works  have  been  sepa 
rately  republished  within  the  last  few  years.  Of  his  law 
treatises — one  only  of  which,  London  Liberty,  was  pub.  in 
his  lifetime — the  following  are  the  principal.  1.  Jurisdic 
tion  of  Parliaments,  Lon.,  1707,  8vo.  2.  The  Jurisdiction 
of  the  Lords'  House  of  Parliament,  by  F.  Hargrave,  1796, 
4to.  3.  Pleas  of  the  Crown,  7th  ed.,  1773,  8vo.  An  in 
correct  summary,  and  not  intended  by  the  author  for  the 
press,  but  as  a  sketch  or  plan  of  the  following  work.  4. 


Historia  Placitorum  Coronae ;  the  Hist,  of  the  Pleas  of  the 
Crown :  first  pub.,  from  the  author's  MS.,  by  S.  Emlyn, 
1736-39,  2  vols.  fol.j  2d  ed.,  by  G.  Wilson,  1778,  2  vols. 
8vo;  3d  ed.,  by  Thos.  Dogherty,  1800,  2  vols.  8vo;  1st 
Amer.  ed.,  by  W.  A.  Stokes  and  E.  Ingersoll,  Phila.,  1847, 
2  vols.  8vo. 

<;  The  following  Treatise,  being  the  genuine  offspring  of  that 
truly  learned  and  worthy  Judge,  Sir  Matthew  Hale,  stands  in 
need  of  no  other  recommendation  than  what  that  great  and  good 
name  will  always  carry  along  with  it.  Whoever  is  in  the  least 
acquainted  with  the  extensive  learning,  the  solid  judgment,  the 
indefatigable  labours,  and,  above  all,  the  unshaken  integrity,  of 
the  author,  cannot  but  highly  esteem  whatever  comes  from  so 
valuable  a  hand." — From  Emlyn's  Preface. 

To  the  Pleas  of  the  Crown  should  be  added — And.  Anos's 
Ruins  of  Time  exemplified  in  Sir  M.  Hale's  Hist,  of  the 
Pleas  of  the  Crown,  1856,  8vo. 

5.  The  Hist,  of  the  Common   Law  of  England,  and  an 
Analysis  of  the  Civil  Part  of  the  Law ;  6th  ed.,  with  a 
Life  of   the    Author,    by   Chas.  Runnington,  1820,  8vo. 
Serjeant  Runnington's  notes  are  of  great  value. 

"So  authoritative  an  History  of  the  Common  Law  of  England, 
written  by  so  learned  an  author,  requires  neither  preface  nor  com 
mendation.  It  has  ever  been  justly  held  in  the  highest  estima 
tion,  and,  like  the  virtues  of  its  author,  been  universally  admired 
and  venerated.  Here  the  student  will  find  a  valuable  guide,  the 
barrister  a  learned  assistant,  the  court  an  indisputable  authority." 
— SERJEANT  RUNNINGTON. 

6.  Sheriffs'  Accounts,  The  Trial  of  Witches,  and  Provi 
sion  for  the  Poor.      These  three  tracts  were  separately 
pub.     See  Biog.  Brit. ;    Granger's  Biog.  Hist. ;    Life  by 
Burnet;  Life  by  Runnington  ;  Watt's  Bibl.  Brit;  Life  and 
Letters  of  Judge  Story ;   Lowndes's  Leg.  Bibl.,  and  the 
authorities  there  cited. 

There  are  few  more  illustrious  names  on  the  roll  of 
British  history  than  that  of  Sir  Matthew  Hale : 

"  Sir  Samuel  Sheperd  mentioned  him  as  the  most  learned  man 
that  ever  adorned  the  bench ;  the  most  even  man  that  ever  blessed 
domestic  life;  the  most  eminent  man  that  ever  adorned  the  pro 
gress  of  science;  and  also  one  of  the  best  and  most  purely  reli 
gious  men  that  ever  lived.  .  .  .  Lord  Northington  pronounced 
him  one  of  the  ablest  and  most  learned  judges  that  ever  adorned 
the  profession.  Mr.  Justice  Grose  declared  he  was  one  of  the  most 
able  lawyers  that  ever  sat  in  Westminster;  as  correct,  as  learned, 
and  as  humane  a  judge  as  ever  graced  the  bench  of  justice.  Lord 
Kenyon  said  that  the  operations  of  his  vast  mind  always  called 
for  the  greatest  attention  to  any  work  that  bears  his  name ;  r .  .  . 
and  mentioned  him  as  one  of  the  greatest  and  best  men  that  ever 
sat  in  judgment." 

"  With  respect  to  Lord  Hale,  it  is  needless  to  remind  those  whom 
I  am  now  addressing,  of  the  general  character  for  learning  and 
legal  knowledge,  of  that  person,  of  whom  it  was  said,  that  what  was 
not  known  by  him  was  not  known  by  any  other  person  who  pre 
ceded  or  followed  him;  and  that  what  he  knew,  he  knew  better 
than  any  other  person  who  preceded  or  followed  him." — CHIEF- 
JUSTICE  DALLAS. 

"A  luminous  order  in  the  distribution  of  subjects,  an  uncom- 
monness  of  materials  for  curious  records  and  manuscripts,  a  pro 
foundness  of  remark,  a  command  of  perspicuous  and  forcible 
language,  with  a  guarded  reserve  in  offering  opinions  on  great 
controverted  points  of  law  and  the  constitution,  characterized  the 
writings  of  Judge  Hale." — Hargrave  s  Tracts,  Pref. 

Having  offered  the  opinions  of  so  many  legal  luminaries 
in  evidence,  we  may  now  be  permitted  to  adduce  the  testi 
mony  of  two  distinguished  divines  : 

"  His  writings  have  raised  him  a  character  equal  to  his  greatest 
predecessors,  and  will  always  be  esteemed  as  containing  the  best 
rationale  of  the  grounds  of  the  law  of  England.  Nor  was  he  an 
inconsiderable  master  of  polite,  philosophical,  and  especially  theo 
logical,  learning."— DR.  BIRCH  :  Life  of  Archbishop  Tillotson. 

"  He  was  most  precisely  just ;  insomuch  that  I  believe  he  would 
have  lost  all  he  had  in  the  world  rather  than  do  an  unjust  act: 
patient  in  hearing  the  most  tedious  speech  which  any  man  had  to 
make  for  himself;  the  pillar  of  justice,  the  refuge  of  the  subject 
who  feared  oppression,  and  one  of  the  greatest  honours  of  his 
majesty's  government;  for,  with  some  other  upright  judges,  he 
upheld  the  honour  of  the  English  nation,  that  it  fell  not  into  the 
reproach  of  arbitrariness,  cruelty,  and  utter  confusion.  Every 
man  that  had  a  just  cause  was  almost  past  fear  if  he  could  but 
bring  it  to  the  court  or  assize  where  he  was  judge;  for  the  other 
judges  seldom  contradicted  him.  ...  I,  who  heard  and  read  his 
serious  expressions  of  the  concernments  of  eternity,  and  saw  his 
love  to  all  good  men,  and  the  blamelessness  of  his  life,  thought 
better  of  his  piety  than  my  own." — RICHARD  BAXTER. 

This  is  indeed  a  noble  tribute  from  a  noble  source. 
The  glowing  eulogium  of  Cowper  must  not  be  entirely 
unnoticed : 

"  In  whom 

Our  British  Themis  gloried  with  just  cause, 
Immortal  Hale!  for  deep  discernment  praised, 
And  sound  integrity,  not  more  than  famed 
For  sanctity  of  manners  undefiled." 

TliA  Task,  book  iii. 

And  here  we  might  enlarge,  did  our  space  permit,  upon 
the  distinguishing  traits  of  the  piety  of  this  truly  excel 
lent  man : — his  reverence  for  the  Word  of  God;  his  strict 
observance  of  the  day  more  especially  set  apart  for  the 
public  worship  of  the  Supreme  Being ;  his  conscientious- 


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ness  in  carrying  out  in  every-day  affairs  the  spirit  of  those 
Resolves,  which  he  adopted  as  the  Law  of  his  Life ; — but 
the  secret  spring  of  his  piety  is  best  told  by  himself  in  a 
few  words  of  solid  wisdom  and  certain  truth,  which  we 
cannot  too  earnestly  commend  to  the  heart  and  conscience 
of  the  thoughtful  reader : 

"  Any  man  that  sincerely  and  truly  fears  Almighty  God,  and 
calls  and  relies  upon  him  for  his  direction,  has  it  as  really  as  a  son 
has  the  counsel  and  direction  of  his  father;  and  though  the  voice 
be  not  audible  nor  discernible  by  sense,  yet  it  is  equally  as  real  as 
if  a  man  heard  a  voice  saying,  '  This  is  the  way,  walk  ye  in  it.' " 

Hale,  Nathan,  LL.D.,  b.  1784,  at  Westhampton, 
Mass.,  grad.  at  Williams  College,  1804 ;  admitted  to  the 
Massachusetts  Bar,  1810 ;  editor  of  the  Boston  Weekly 
Messenger,  1811-14;  editor  and  publisher  of  the  Boston 
Daily  Advertiser,  (the  first  daily  established  in  Boston,) 
1814  to  the  present  time,  1858 ;  editor  and  publisher  of 
the  Monthly  Chronicle,  1840-42.  Mr.  H.'s  name  is  well 
known  in  connexion  with  his  Map  of  New  England,  a 
standard  geographical  authority,  first  pub.  in  1825,  and 
reprinted  from  time  to  time  with  the  necessary  revisions. 
In  1816  Mr.  Hale  was  married  to  Sarah  Preston  Everett, 
a  daughter  of  Judge  Oliver  Everett,  of  Dorchester,  Mass., 
and  sister  of  Edward  Everett,  the  distinguished  American 
orator,  scholar,  and  statesman.  Mr.  Hale  was  a  contri 
butor  to  many  of  the  early  numbers  of  the  North  Ame 
rican  Review,  and  has  for  the  last  forty-two  years  contri 
buted  many  valuable  articles  to  the  Boston  Daily  Advertiser 
on  questions  of  politics,  political  economy,  and  internal 
improvements,  <fec.  Nathan  Hale  was  among  the  first  to 
make  known  in  this  country  the  importance  of  the  great 
railroad-improvement,  and  earnestly  urged  its  immediate 
introduction  into  Massachusetts  by  effective  legislative  aid. 
He  was  the  acting  President  of  the  Massachusetts  Board 
of  Internal  Improvement,  under  whose  superintendence  the 
first  surveys  were  made  for  a  system  of  railroads  for  the 
State;  and  he  was  the  first  President  of  the  Boston  and 
Worcester  Railroad,  one  of  the  pioneer  works  of  that  kind, 
in  which  office  he  took  an  active  part  in  the  original  con 
struction  and  extended  improvements  of  that  work  and  its 
branches,  and  in  digesting  its  system  of  operations.  As  a 
member  (repeatedly  elected)  of  both  branches  of  the  Legis 
lature  of  Massachusetts,  Mr.  Hale  has  rendered  important 
service  to  his  constituents.  He  was  also  chairman  of  the 
Board  of  Commissioners  by  whose  labours  the  people  of 
Boston  are  supplied  with  pure  water;  and  few  men  have 
contributed  more  largely  to  the  physical  wealth  of  Massa 
chusetts,  and  tcrthe  improvement  of  the  city  which  claims 
him  as  one  of  the  most  valuable  of  her  adopted  sons. 

Hale,  Nathan,  Jr.,  son  of  the  above,  b.  in  Boston, 
1818,  grad.  at  Harvard  University,  1838;  admitted  to 
practice  in  the  courts  of  Mass.,  1841;  editor  of  Boston 
Miscellany  of  Literature,  1842 ;  co-editor  of  Boston  Daily 
Advertiser,  1842-53. 

Hale,  Philip,  of  Hatcham,  Surrey.  Serm.,  Lon., 
1847,  8vo. 

Hale,  Richard,  M.D.  Profess,  con.  to  Phil.  Trans., 
1701,  '20. 

Hale,  Salma,  Member  of  Congress  for  New  Hamp 
shire.  1.  Hist,  of  the  United  States,  Lon.,  1826,  8vo.  See 
Lon.  Month.  Rev.,  cix.  123.  2.  Annals  of  the  Town  of 
Keene,  N.  H.,  1736-90,  Concord,  1826,  8vo.  New  ed., 
with  a  continuation  to  1815,  Keene,  1851,  8vo.  3.  Hist, 
of  the  U.  States  for  Schools,  N.  York,  1840,  2  vols.  24mo. 

"  As  Car  as  we  have  observed,  Mr.  Hale  has  executed  his  task 
with  fidelity  and  skill.  The  materials  appear  to  be  drawn  from 
authentic  sources,  and  the  simple  and  lucid  style  places  the  book 
within  the  comprehension  of  all  classes  of  readers.  But  the 
principle  of  arrangement  is  a  faulty  one;  for  the  history  of  each 
colony  stands  by  itself,  being  carried  on  without  interruption  from 
its  origin  to  the  war  of  1756."— N.  Amer.  Her.,  liii.  249. 

Hale,  Mrs.  Sarah  Josepha,  formerly  Miss  Buell, 
ot  Newport,  New  Hampshire,  is  the  widow  of  David  Hale, 
T  Vooog™sbed  lawver>  who  died  at  an  early  age  in  1822. 
18JS  Mrs.  Hale  became  the  editor  of  The  Ladies'  Maga 
zine,  pub  at  Boston,  and  discharged  the  duties  of  this 
responsible  position  until  1837,  when  this  periodical  was 
united  with  the  Lady's  Book  of  Philadelphia.  With  this 
well-known  and  truly  popular  magazine  Mrs.  Hale  has 
ever  since  been  connected,  and  since  1838  she  has  been  a 
resident  of  Phila.  The  following  list  of  this  lady's  pro 
ductions  evinces  an  extraordinary  amount  of  literary 
industry :  1.  The  Genius  of  Oblivion,  and  other  Original 
Poems,  Concord,  1823.  2.  North  wood;  a  Novel  lost 
1827,  2  vols.  Repub.  in  London ;  also  in  N.  York  in  1852* 
12mo.  3.  Sketches  of  American  Character,  Phila,  18mo' 
4.  Traits  of  American  Life,  1835,  2  vols.  12mo.  5.  Flora's 
Interpreter,  Bost.  Reprinted  in  London.  6.  The  Ladies' 
Wreath,  Bost,  12mo.  7.  The  Way  to  Live  Well  and  to  be 


j  Well  while  we  Live.  8.  Grosvenor;  a  Tragedy,  1S38. 
j  9.  Alice  Ray;  a  Romance  in  Rhyme,  1846.  10.  Harry 
Guy,  the  Widow's  Son ;  in  verse,  Bost,  1848.  11.  Three 
Hours;  or,  The  Vigil  of  Love,  and  other  Poems,  Phila., 
1848.  12.  The  Poet's  Offering;  edited  by  Mrs.  Hale, 
Phila.  13.  Miss  Acton's  Cookery;  edited  by  Mrs.  Hale. 
14.  Ladies'  New  Book  of  Cookery  and  Complete  House 
keeper.  New  ed.,  N.  York,  1852,  12mo.  15.  A  Complete 
Dictionary  of  Poetical  Quotations,  Phila.,  1852,  8vo. 
16.  The  Judge;  a  Drama  of  American  Life.  17.  New 
Household  Receipt-Book,  1853,  12mo.  18.  Woman's  Re 
cord;  or,  Sketches  of  Distinguished  Women  from  "the 
Beginning  till  A.D.  1850,"  N.  York,  1853,  8vo.  New  ed., 
1856.  This  work,  by  far  the  most  important  of  Mrs. 
Bale's  productions,  though  in  some  points  open  to  criti 
cism,  may  yet  be  justly  commended  as  an  invaluable 
manual  for  the  library-shelf  and  the  parlour-table.  19.  Li 
beria,  or  Mr.  Peyton's  Experiments ;  edited  by  Mrs.  Hale, 
1853,  12mo.  20.  The  Bible  Reading-Book,  Phila.,  1854, 
12mo.  21.  The  Letters  of  Mme.  de  Sevigne"  to  her 
Daughter  and  Friends,  N.  York,  1856,  12mo.  The  merits 
of  this  ckarming  writer  have  elicited  the  enthusiastic 
commendations  of  the  highest  authorities  : 

"  Madame  de  Sevigne  shines  both  in  grief  and  gayety ;  every 
paragraph  has  novelty;  her  allusions,  her  applications,  are  the 
happiest  possible.  She  has  the  art  of  making  you  acquainted  with 
all  her  acquaintance,  and  attaches  you  even  to  the  spots  she  in 
habited.  .  .  .  Madame  de  Sevigne's  language  is  correct,  though 
unstudied ;  and  when  her  mind  is  full  of  any  great  event,  she 
interests  you  with  the  warmth  of  a  dramatic  writer,  not  with  the 
chilling  impartiality  of  an  historian."— HORACE  WALPOLE. 

"  She  has  so  filled  my  heart  with  affectionate  interest  in  her  as 
a  living  friend,  that  I  can  scarcely  bring  myself  to  think  of  her  as 
being  a  writer,  or  having  a  style;  she  has  become  a  celebrated 
probably  an  immortal,  writer,  without  expecting  it."— SIR  J.  MACK 
INTOSH. 

22.  The  Letters  of  Lady  Mary  W.  Montagu,  1856, 12mo. 

In  addition  to  the  labours  here  enumerated,  Mrs.  Hale 
has  edited  several  Annuals, — The  Opal,  The  Crocus,  Ac., — 
prepared  a  number  of  books  for  the  young,  and  contributed 
enough  matter,  in  the  way  of  tales,  essays,  and  poems,  to 
fill  several  large  volumes.  It  is  certainly  high  praise  ac 
corded  to  this  lady,  in  a  review  of  her  poetry,  by  a  critic 
of  her  own  sex  : 

"A  religious  spirit  breathes  through  the  whole.  It  is  plain  that 
Mrs.  Hale's  constant  aim  is  to  show  the  true  source  of  strength 
and  cheerfulness  amid  the  trials  of  life,  and  to  inspire  the  hope 
that  looks  beyond  it."— MRS.  E.  P.  ELLET  :  N.  Amer.  Rev^  Ixviii.  422. 

For  critical  reviews  of  her  productions  we  refer  the 
reader  to  Grisw old's  Female  Poets  of  America;  Amer. 
Month.  Rev.,  iv.  239;  Phila.  Lady's  Book,  1850;  an  article 
by  Mrs.  E.  F.  Ellet,  entitled  Female  Poets  of  America,  in 
N.  Amer.  Rev.,  Ixviii.  413-436.  We  append  a  short  extract 
from  the  first  of  the  above-named  authorities : 

"  Mrs.  Hale  has  a  ready  command  of  pure  and  idiomatic  Eng 
lish,  and  her  style  has  frequently  a  masculine  strength  and  energy. 
She  has  not  much  creative  power,  but  she  excels  in  the  aggrega 
tion  and  artistical  disposition  of  common  and  appropriate  imagery. 
She  has  evidently  been  all  her  life  a  student;  and  there  has  been 
a  perceptible  and  constant  improvement  in  her  writings  ever  since 
her  first  appearance  as  an  author.  .  .  .  They  are  all  indicative  of 
sound  principles,  and  of  kindness,  knowledge,  and  judgment." — 
GriswoMs  Female  Poets  of  America. 

Hale,  Thomas.  Shipbuilding,  etc.,  Lon.,  1691, 18mo. 

Hale,  Thomas.  1.  A  Compleat  Body  of  Husbandry, 
Lon.,  1756,  fol.  2.  Eden;  or,  Compleat  Body  of  Garden 
ing.  1757,  fol. 

Hale,  Win.  Treatises  on  the  Poor,  Female  Peni 
tentiaries,  &c.,  Lon.,  1804,  '09,  12mo. 

Hale,  Wm.,  Archdeacon  of  London.  1.  Clerical 
Funds,  Lon.,  1826,  8vo.  2.  Church  Rates,  1841,  r.  8vo. 
3.  Precedents  in  Eccles.  Cts.,  1847,  r.  8vo.  4.  Sick  Man's 
Guide,  2d  ed.,  1846,  8vo.  5.  In  conjunction  with  Bp. 
Lonsdale,  The  Four  Gospels,  with  Annotations,  1849,  4to. 

Hales,  Charles.  Two  treat,  on  the  V.  Disease, 
1763,  '70. 

Hales,  Charles.  1.  The  Bank  Mirror,  1796,  8vo. 
2.  Finances  of  this  Country,  1797,  8vo. 

Hales,  James.    24  Serms.,  1766,  2  vols.  8vo. 

Hales,  or  Hayles,  John,  an  eminent  scholar,  d. 
1572.  1.  Trans,  of  Plutarche  on  Healthe,  Lon.,  1543, 
16mo.  2.  Introduc.  ad  Grammat.  3.  High  Way  to  No 
bility,  4to.  4.  Succession  of  the  Crown  of  Eng.,  1563,  4to. 
In  favour  of  the  House  of  Suffolk.  It  was  answered  by 
Bp.  Lesley  in  A  Treat,  of  the  Honour  of  Marie,  now 
Queene  of  Scotland,  Leige,  1571,  8vo. 

"  Yet  so  it  was  that  he  [Hales]  having  a  happy  memory,  accom 
panied  with  incredible  industry,  became  admirably  well  skill'd  in 
the  Lat.,  Greek,  and  Hebrew  tongues,  and  at  length  in  the  muni 
cipal  laws  and  antiquities."— Athen.  Oxon. 

Hales,  John,  The  Ever-Memorable,  1584-1656, 
a  famous  scholar  and  divine,  a  native  of  Bath,  was  entered 


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of  Corpus  Christ!  Coll.,  Oxf.,  1597;  elected  Fellow  of  Mer- 
ton  College,  1606;  Fellow  of  Eton  College,  1613:  attended 
the  Synod  of  Dort  in  1618,  and  there  became  a  convert  to 
Arminianism  through  the  argument  of  Episcopius ;  Canon 
of  Windsor,  1639  ;  ejected  in  the  Rebellion.  His  writings 
principally  consist  of  sermons,  theological  tracts,  para 
phrases  of  portions  of  Scripture,  and  letters.  He  was  so 
modest  that  during  his  lifetime  he  permitted  nothing  of 
his  to  be  published  save  an  oration  delivered  at  the  funeral 
of  Sir  Thomas  Bodley,  a  treatise  upon  schism,  and  one  or 
two  sermons.  Three  years  after  his  death  a  collective  ed. 
of  many  of  his  pieces  was  pub.,  under  the  title  of  Golden 
Rernaines,  Lon.,  1659,  8vo ;  1673, 4to;  1688,  8vo.  The  1st 
ed.  contains  nine  sermons,  letters  and  miscellanies.  The  2d 
ed.  was  enlarged  by  the  addition  of  four  more  sermons. 
In  1765  Lord  Hailes  pub.  Hales's  Whole  Works,  now  first 
collected  together,  3  vols.  sm.  8vo.  With  a  want  of  taste 
which  we  are  at  a  loss  to  understand  in  so  eminent  an 
antiquary,  Lord  Hailes  committed  the  gross  error  of 
modernizing  his  author's  language.  For  this  he  is  pro 
perly  censured  by  Dr.  Johnson  : 

"An  author's  language,  Sir,  is  a  characteristic  part  of  his  compo 
sition,  and  is  also  characteristic  of  the  age  in  which  he  writes. 
Besides.  Sir,  when  the  language  is  changed,  we  are  not  sure  that 
the  sense  is  the  same.  No,  Sir;  I  am  sorry  Lord  Hailes  has  done 
this."— BosweU's  Life,  of  Johnson. 

We  have  already  expressed  our  views  upon  this  subject 
in  our  article  on  Chaucer :  see  p.  364.  Respecting  the 
works  of  Hales,  an  authority  of  eminence  remarks : 

"  Their  merits  are  unequal.  The  best  seem  to  be  his  discourse 
on  Schism,  that  on  the  abuse  of  hard  places  of  Scripture,  and  his 
letters  to  Sir  Dudley  Carleton,  from  the  Synod  of  Dort,  in  which 
he  gives  a  good  account  of  that  far-famed  convention.  He  was 
evidently  a  man  superior  to  many  of  the  prejudices  of  his  age;  but 
if  the  reader's  expectations  are  raised  very  greatly  by  his  high- 
sounding  title  and  the  testimonies  referred  to,  he  will  probably 
be  disappointed  even  by  his  Golden  Remains." — Orme's  Bibl.  Bib. 
But  surely  it  does  not  follow  that  all  of  a  man's  wisdom 
finds  its  way  into  his  books.  As  regards  the  comprehen 
siveness  and  accuracy  of  his  learning,  we  have  the  most 
abundant  testimony.  Lord  Clarendon,  Lord  Say  and 
Seal,  Bishop  Pearson,  Dr.  Heylin,  Andrew  Marvel,  An 
thony  a  Wood,  Bishop  Stillingfleet,  and  Bishop  Hoadley, 
— "  the  testimonies"  referred  to  by  Orme, — were  not  men 
to  err  in  a  matter  of  this  kind. 

"A  man  of  as  great  a  sharpness,  quickness,  and  subtility  of  wit, 
as  ever  this  or  perhaps  any  nation  bred.  His  industry  did  strive, 
if  it  were  possible,  to  equal  the  largeness  of  his  capacity,  whereby 
he  became  as  great  a  master  of  polite,  various,  and  universal  learn 
ing,  as  ever  yet  conversed  with  books.  .  .  .  While  he  lived,  none 
was  ever  more  solicited  and  urged  to  write,  and  thereby  truly 
teach  the  world,  than  he;  but  none  was  ever  so  resolved,  pardon 
the  expression,  so  obstinate,  against  it."— BISHOP  PEARSON. 

"  Thro'  the  whole  course  of  his  bachelorship  there  was  never  any 
one  in  the  then  memory  of  man  (so  I  have  been  informed  by  cer 
tain  seniors  of  that  coll.  at  my  first  coming  thereunto)  that  ever 
went  beyond  him.  for  subtle  disputations  in  philosophy,  for  his 
eloquent  declamations  and  orations,  as  also  his  exact  knowledge 
in  the  Greek  tongue,  evidently  demonstrated  afterwards,  not  only 
when  he  read  the  Greek  lecture  in  that  coll.,  but  also  the  public 
lecture  of  that  tongue  in  the  schools.  ...  He  was  a  man  highly 
esteemed  by  learned  men  beyond  and  within  the  seas,  from  whom 
he  seldom  fail'd  to  receive  letters  every  week,  wherein  his  judg 
ment  was  desir'd  as  to  several  points  of  learning." — Athen.  Oxon 
"  He  had  read  more  and  carried  more  about  him,  in  his  excellen 
memory,  than  any  man  I  ever  knew;  he  was  one  of  the  least  men 
in  the  kingdom,  and  one  of  the  greatest  scholars  in  Europe." — LORD 
CLARENDON. 

His  lordship  tells  us  that  "  nothing  troubled  him  onort 
than  the  brawls  which  were  grown  from  religion  ;"  and  Mr 
Bickersteth  supposes  that  he  "  would  perhaps  have  given 
up  too  much  for  peace,  having  seen  the  evil  of  division. 

In  this  surmise  there  is  but  little  doubt  that  Mr.  Bicker 
steth  is  correct,  for  a  late  eminent  authority,  referring  t( 
Hale's  tract  on  Schism,  remarks : 

"  The  aim  of  Hales,  as  well  as  of  Grotius,  Calixtus.  and  Chilling 
worth,  was  to  bring  about  a  more  comprehensive  communion ;  bu 
he  went  still  farther;  his  language  is  rough  and  audacious;  hi 
theology  in  some  of  his  other  writings  has  a  scent  of  Racow,  am 
though  these  crept  slowly  to  light,  there  was  enough  in  the  earlies 
to  make  us  wonder  at  the  high  name,  the  epithet  Ever-memorable 
which  he  obtained  in  the  English  church." — Hattam's  Lit.  Hist,  oj 
Europe. 

Notwithstanding  the  grave  nature  of  his  studies,  th 
EVER-MEMORABLE  sometimes  wooed  the  Muses;   and  i 
critic  of  the  day  has  given  him  a  place  (if  he  indeed  refer 
to  our  Hales)  in  his  curious  and  amusing  portrait-gallery 
"  Hales,  set  by  himself,  most  gravely  did  smile 
To  see  them  about  nothing  keep  such  a  coil ; 
Apollo  had  spied  him,  but,  knowing  his  mind, 
Past  by,  and  called  Falkland  that  sat  just  behind." 

Sir  John  Suckling's  Session  of  the  Poets. 
See  Gen.  Diet.;  Biog.  Brit.;  Lett,  by  Eminent  Persons 
Account  of  the  Life  and  Writings  of  John  Hales,  1719,  8vo 
Hales,  Stephen,  D.D.,  1677-1761,  a  natural  philoso 


jher  of  great  eminence,  a  native  of  Beckesbourn,  Kent, 
vas  educated  at  Bene't  Coll.,  Oxf.,  took  holy  orders,  and 
was  advanced  successively  to  the  perpetual  curacy  of  Ted- 
lington,  and  to  the  livings  of  Portlock  and  Farringdon. 
He  was  especially  distinguished  for  bis  experiments  on  the 
hysiology  of  plants.    His  principal  works  were — 1.  Vege 
table  Staticks,  Lon.,  1727,  '31,  8vo.     2.  Statical  Essays : 
this  consists  of  No.  1  (vol.  i.  of  the  Essays)  and  a  vol.  en- 
itled  Hsemastatics,  pub.  in   1733,  <fec.,  1769,  2  vols.  8vo. 
Sales  also  pub.  several  serms.,  philosophical  experiments, 
>apers  on  Phil.  Trans.,  <fcc.     He  is  to  be  remembered  with 
jreat  respect  as  an  early  advocate  of  the  great  cause  of 
TEMPERANCE.     His  Friendly  Admonition  to  the  Drinkers 
f  Gin,  first  pub.  in  1734,  8vo,  has  been  frequently  reprinted, 
and  doubtless  accomplished  much  good.     See  Masters's 
Hist,  of  C.  C.  C.  C.;  Annual  Register,  1764;  Rees's  Cyc. ; 
ent  Mag.,  vol.  Ixix.;  Butler's  Life  of  Hildesley,  p.  362; 
Lysons's  Environs. 

Hales,  Wm.,  D.D.,  Rector  of  Killesandra,  Ireland, 
pub.  a  number  of  learned  works  on  mathematics,  nat.  phi- 

.,  and  theology,  1778-1819,  among  which  are — 1.  Pro 
phecies  resp.  our  Lord,  2d  ed.,  Lon.,  1808,  8vo.  Highly 
commended.  2.  A  New  Analysis  of  Chronology,  1809-14, 
3  vols  in  1,  4to,  £8  8s. ;  2d  and  best  ed.,  1830,  4  vols.  8vo, 
£3  3*. 

This  is  perhaps  the  most  valuable  chronological  work  that  has 
ever  been  published.  Possessed  of  the  caution  of  Newton,  and  the 
learning  of  Usher,  Dr.  Hales  proceeds  on  better  data  than  either 
of  these  distinguished  chronologists ;  and  pours  a  flood  of  light 
on  some  of  the  darkest  and  most  difficult  points  in  sacred  and 
profane  history. .  . .  Dr.  Adam  Clarke,  who  makes  a  very  liberal 
use  of  the  work  in  his  Commentary,  bestows"  on  it  the  highest 
commendation." — Orme's  Bibl.  Sib. 

"  Not  only  is  it  the  most  elaborate  system  of  chronology  in  our 
language,  but  there  is  scarcely  a  difficult  text  in  the  sacred  writings 
which  is  not  illustrated.  . . .  His  New  Analysis  ought  to  have  a 
place  in  the  library  of  every  biblical  student  who  can  procure  it." 
— Home's  Bibl.  Bib. 

"  Vast  learning  and  research ;  though  the  system  of  Chronology 
adopted  has  been  much  questioned,  and  assumptions  without 
proof  are  made." — Bickersteth' s  Chris.  Stu. 

3.  The  Holy  Trinity,  Ac.,  2d  ed.,  1818,  2  vols.  8vo. 
4.  Primitive  Brit.  Church,  1819,  8vo.  See  Watt's  Bibl. 
Brit. 

Haley,  John,  Jr.     Chronometers;  Nic.  Jour.,  1804. 

Haley,  Wm.     Serm.,  1686,  4to. 

Halford,  Sir  Henry,  M.D.,  1766-1844,  whose  family 
name  was  Vaughan,  was  physician  to  four  successive  sove 
reigns,  viz. :  Geo.  III.,  Geo.  IV.,  Wm.  IV.,  and  Victoria. 
He  was  Pres.  of  the  Royal  Coll.  of  Physicians  from  1820 
until  his  death.  In  1831  he  pub.  a  collective  ed.  of  his  (1) 
Essays  and  Orations,  8vo;  3d  ed.,  1842. 

"  A  delightful  compound  of  professional  knowledge  and  literary 
taste.  Handled  with  skill  and  feeling  such  as  his,  subjects  of 
medical  research  have  not  only  nothing  dry  or  repulsive  about 
them,  but  are  of  deep  and  universal  interest  and  attraction."— 
Lon.  Quar.  Rev. 

"  Though  treating  of  subjects  principally  medical  yet,  they  will 
be  found  for  the  most  part  acceptable  to  the  general  reader."— 
Lon.  Month.  Kev. 

2.  Nugae  Metricaa :  Latin  Poems  and  Translations,  1842, 
12mo.  Some  of  Sir  Henry's  Latin  compositions  were  con 
tributed  to  the  Gentleman's  Magazine.  See  Pettigrew's 
Medical  Portrait  Gallery ;  Lon.  Gent.  Mag.  for  May,  1844. 

Halfpenny,  Joseph.  1.  Gothic  Ornaments  in  the 
Cathedral  of  York,  1795,  imp.  4to.  2.  Fragmenta  Vetusta, 
1807,  imp.  4to. 

Halfpenny,  Wm.  1.  Marrow  of  Architecture,  1722, 
'29,  4to.  2.  Sound  Building,  Lon.,  1725,  fol. 

Halhed,  Nathaniel  Brassey,  M.  P.,  1751-1830, 
equally  conspicuous  as  a  profound  Orientalist,  and  as  the 
dupe  of  Richard  Brothers,  the  pretended  prophet,  pub. 

1.  Narrative  of  Events  in  Bombay  and  Bengal,  1779,  8vo. 

2.  Imitations  of  Martial,  1793-94.     3.  Several  tracts  in 
vindication  of  the  claims  of  his  teacher,  R.  Brothers,  1795  ; 
and  the  following  works,  which  are  of  real  value  :  4.  Gram 
mar  of  the  Bengal  Language,  1778.     5.  A  Code  of  Gentoo 
Laws,  trans,  from  the  Persian,  1776. 

"  A  curious  and  entertaining  volume."— Lon.  Annual  Register. 

"  With  the  single  exception  of  the  Scriptures,  this  code  of  Gentoo 
Laws  is  the  most  valuable  present  which  Europe  ever  received  from 
Asia."— Butter's  Hor.  Bib. 

A  biography  of  Mr.  Halhed  will  be  found  in  Gent.  Mas., 
May,  1830. 

Haliburton.  Observations  upon  the  Importance  of 
the  N.  Amer.  Colonies  to  G.  Brit.,  Halifax,  1825,  8vo.  See 
Lon.  Quar.  Rev.,  xxiii.  410 ;  Lon.  Month.  Rev.,  Aug.  1827, 
564.  /.  v_  ; 

Haliburton,  Thomas  Chandler,  long  a  Judge  of 
Nova  Scotia,  popularly  known  as  Sam  Slick,  contributed, 
in  1835,  to  a  weekly  paper  of  Nova  Scotia,  a  series  of  letters 
professing  to  depict  the  peculiarities  of  Yankee  character. 

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These  sketches  were  received  with  so  much  favour  that  in 
1 837  they  were  collected  into  a  vol.  entitled  The  Clockmaker ; 
or,  the  Sayings  and  Doings  of  Samuel  Slick  of  Slickville. 
A  Second  Series  appeared  in  1838,  and  a  third  in  1840. 
In  1842  the  writer  visited  England  as  an  attache  of  the 
American  Legation,  and  in  the  next  year  embodied  the 
results  of  his  observations  on  English  Society  in  his  amus 
ing  work,  The  Attache" ;  or,  Sam  Slick  in  England,  2  vols. 
p.  Svo.  Second  Series,  1844,  2  vols.  p.  Svo.  New  ed., 
1846,  4  vols.  p.  Svo.  Reprinted,  1849.  Judge  Haliburton 
has  also  given  to  the  world  An  Hist,  and  Statist.  Account 
of  Nova  Scotia,  1828,  2  vols.  p.  Svo;  repub.  1839;  see  N. 
Amer.  Rev.,  xxx.  121;  Bubbles  of  Canada,  1839,  p.  Svo; 
The  Old  Judge,  or,  Life  in  a  Colony ;  Letter-Bag  of  the 
Great  Western,  1839,  p.  Svo;  Rule  and  Misrule  of  the 
English  in  America,  1851,  2  vols.  p.  Svo ;  Yankee  Stories, 
1852,  12mo ;  Traits  of  American  Humour,  1852,  3  vols.  p. 
8vo;  Nature  and  Human  Nature,  1855;  new  ed.,  1858. 

How  far  he  has  succeeded  in  the  attempt  at  depicting 
Yankee  manners  and  customs  is  a  matter  of  debate.  An 
eminent  authority,  well  qualified  to  give  an  opinion  upon 
the  subject,  decides  against  Slick's  pretensions  as  a 
painter : 

"  On  this  point  we  speak  with  some  confidence.  We  can  distin 
guish  the  real  from  the  counterfeit  Yankee,  at  the  first  sound  of 
the  voice,  and  by  the  turn  of  a  single  sentence;  and  we  have  no 
hesitation  in  declaring  that  Sam  Slick  is  not  what  he  pretends  to 
be ;  that  there  is  no  organic  life  in  him ;  that  he  is  an  impostor,  an 
impossibility,  a  nonentity.  A  writer  of  genius,  even  if  he  write 
from  imperfect  knowledge,  will,  as  it  were,  breathe  the  breath  of 
life  into  his  creations.  Sam  Slick  is  an  awkward  and  highly  in 
felicitous  attempt  to  make  a  character,  by  heaping  together,  with 
out  discrimination,  selection,  arrangement,  or  taste,  every  vulgarity 
that  a  vulgar  imagination  can  conceive,  and  every  knavery  that  a 
man  blinded  by  national  and  political  prejudice  can  charge  upon 
neighbours  whom  he  dislikes." — PROF.  C.  C.  FELTON  :  N.  Amer.  Rev., 
Iviii.  212. 

"  He  deserves  to  be  entered  on  our  list  of  friends  containing  the 
names  of  Tristram  Shandy,  the  Shepherd  of  the  Noctes  Ambrosi- 
ance,  and  other  rhapsodical  discoursers  on  time  and  change,  who, 
besides  the  delights  of  their  discourse,  possess  also  the  charm  of 
individuality.  Apart  from  all  the  worth  of  Sam.  Slick's  revela 
tions,  the  man  is  precious  to  us  as  a  queer  creature — knowing, 
impudent,  sensible,  sagacious,  vulgar,  yet  not  without  a  certain 
tact:  and  overflowing  with  a  humour  as  peculiar  in  its  way  as  the 
humours  of  Andrew  Fairservice..or  a  Protestant  Miss  Miggs,  (that 
impersonation  of  shrewish  female  service !)" — Lon.  At/ienceum. 

"  Original  and  pithy,  it  is  always  refreshing  to  fall  in  with  this 
inimitable  story-teller.  His  mixture  of  sound  sense  with  genuine 
humour,  his  fund  of  information  and  peculiar  way  of  putting  it 
on  record,  his  fun  and  his  force, — the  fun  being  part  and  portion 
of  that  force, — are  at  the  same  time  qualities  so  entertaining  and 
instructive,  that  we  know  not  in  the  end  whether  to  be  better 
pleased  with  the  intelligence  we  have  acquired  or  the  amusement 
we  have  received." — Lon.  Literary  Gazette. 

See  also  Fraser's  Mag.,  xxxv.  141,  308,  429 ;  xxxvi.  76, 
204,  324,  447,  576  j  and  New  Haven  Church  Review,  iv. 
523. 

Halifax,  Earl  of.     See  MONTAGUE,  CHARLES. 

Halifax,  Marquis  of.     See  S  A  VILE,  GEORGE. 

Halifax,  Charles.     Constable's  Guide,  1791,  Svo. 

Halifax,  Rev.  Win.  1.  Answer  to  a  Letter,  Lon., 
1701.  2.  Account  of  Tadmor  or  Palmyra,  in  Syria,  Phil. 
Trans.,  1695. 

Halifax.     See  HALUFAX. 

Halkerston,  Peter.  1.  Decisions  of  the  Lords  of 
Council,  Ac.,  Edin.,  1820,  fol.  2.  Latin  Maxims,  Ac.,  1823, 
Svo.  3.  Law  of  Scot.  rel.  to  Marriages,  1827,  Svo.  4.  Act 
of  Parl.,  6  Geo.  IV.,  cap.  120,  1827,  Svo.  5.  Trans.,  &c. 
Terms,  &c.  in  Erskine's  Institute,  2d  ed.,  1829,  12mo. 
6.  Law  and  Sanctuary  of  Holyrood,  1831,  Svo. 

Halket,  Lady  Anne,  1622-1699,  a  daughter  of  Ro 
bert  Murray,  was  a  native  of  London.  She  left  21  vols.  in 
folio  and  quarto,  principally  on  religious  subjects.  From 
these  a  vol.  of  Meditations  was  pub.,  Edin.,  1702,  4to. 

"  She  was  a  person  of  great  knowledge,  having  searched  for  it  as 
for  hidden  treasure,  especially  in  these  inexhaustible  mines  of  the 
divine  oracles,  where  the  most  excellent  wisdom  is  found."— Bal- 
lar$t  British  Ladies. 

Halket,  John.  1.  Selkirk's  Settlement  at  Kildonan, 
Lon.,  1817,  Svo.  See  Rich's  Bibl.  Amer.  Nova,  ii.  88. 
2.  Indians  of  N.  America,  1825,  Svo.  See  N.  Amer.  Rev., 
xxii.  108. 

Hall  and  Sellers.     Laws  of  Penna.,  Phila.,  1775,  fol. 

Hall,  Capt.     Rattlesnake  Poison,  Phil.  Trans.,  1727. 

Hall,  Capt.  1.  Hist,  of  the  Civil  War  in  America, 
vol.  i.,  Lon.,  1780,  Svo.  2.  Songs,  Ac.,  2d  ed.,  1815,  12mo. 

Hall,  Rev.  Mr.     Cardplaying,  Lon.,  1750,  Svo. 

Hall,  Miss  A.  1.  Literary  Reader  for  High  Schools 
and  Academies,  Bost.,  1850.  2.  Manual  of  Morals. 

Hall,  A.  Oakey,  of  New  York.  1.  The  Manhattaner 
in  New  Orleans ;  or,  Phases  of  "  Crescent  City"  Life,  N. 
York,  1850,  12ino.  2.  Old  Whitey's  Christmas  Trot,  1857. 
760 


Hall,  A.  W.  Female  Confessions ;  a  Nov.,  1809.  2  vols. 

Hall,  Mrs.  Anna  Maria.  See  HALL,  MRS.  SAMUEL 
CARTER. 

Hall,  Anthony,  D.D.,  1679-1723,  Fellow  of  Queen's 
Coll.,  Oxf.,  and  Rector  of  Hampton  Poyle.  1.  Leland  de 
Scriptoribus,  Oxf.,  1709,  2  vols.  8vo.  Very  erroneously 
printed.  2.  N.  Triveti  Annales,  1719,  8vo.  He  also  com 
pleted  and  pub.  Hudson's  ed.  of  Josephus,  and  drew  up 
the  account  of  Berkshire  from  the  Magna  Britannia. 

Hall,  Archibald.  Two  Discourses,  1777,  Svo.  2.  The 
Gospel  Church,  1795,  Svo. 

"  Shows  the  arguments  for  Presbyterianism.  Jamieson's  Sum 
of  Episcopal  Controversy  may  be  read  on  the  same  side.  The 
arguments  for  Independency  may  be  sufficiently  seen  in  the  works 
of  Dr.  Oweu."—Bickersteth's  C.  S. 

Hall,  Arthur.  A  Letter  rel.  to  a  Quarrel,  <fec.,  Lon., 
1579-80,  4to.  See  Lowndes's  Bibl.  Man.,  p.  1. 

Hall,  Arthur,  M.P.  for  Grantham.  Ten  Books  of 
Homer's  Illiades ;  trans,  from  a  metrical  French  version 
into  English,  Lon.,  1581,  4to.  See  Watt's  Bibl.  Brit.;  HALL, 
or  HILL,  ARTHUR,  in  Lowndes's  Bibl.  Man.,  954. 

Hall,  Rev.  B.  R.,  of  New  York,  for  twenty-eight 
years  past  an  eminent  instructor  of  youth.  1.  The  New 
Purchase;  or,  Life  in  the  Far  West,  N.York,  1843,  12mo; 
new  ed.,  1855,  12mo.  2.  Something  for  Every  Body.  3. 
Teaching  a  Science;  The  Teacher  an  Artist,  1852.  Highly 
commended.  4.  Frank  Freeman's  Barber  Shop,  1852. 

Hall,  Capt.  Basil,  R.  N.,  1788-1844,  a  native  of 
Edinburgh,  a  son  of  Sir  James  Hall,  fourth  baronet  of 
Dunglass,  was  a  popular  writer  of  books  of  voyages  and 
travels.  In  1802,  in  his  fourteenth  year,  he  entered  the 
Royal  Navy,  and  was  subsequently  in  -active  service  in 
many  parts  of  the  globe.  For  some  time  before  his  death 
he  was  deprived  of  the  use  of  his  reason,  and  he  died  in 
confinement.  For  further  information  respecting  Capt. 
Hall  we  must  refer  the  reader  to  his  Fragments  of  Voyages 
and  Travels,  and  to  vol.  v.  of  the  new  ed.  (1855)  of  Cham 
bers  and  Thomson's  Biog.  Diet,  of  Eminent  Scotsmen. 
1.  Voyage  to  the  West  Coast  of  Corea  and  the  Great  Loo- 
Choo  Island,  Lon.,  1818, 4to.  Narrative  part  subsequently 
pub.  separately,  p.  Svo,  and  Loo-Choo,  med.  Svo.  This 
work  includes  a  vocabulary  of  the  Loo-Choo  language, 
compiled  by  Lieut.  Clifford. 

"A  work  not  less  valuable  for  its  maritime  geography  and  science 
than  for  the  pleasing  interest  which  it  excites  on  behalf  of  the  na 
tives  of  Loo-Choo,  and  the  favourable  impression  it  leaves  of  Captain 
Hall,  his  officers  and  seamen." — Stevenson's  Voyages  and  Travels. 

Also  favourably  reviewed  by  Lord  Jeffrey  in  the  Edin. 
Rev.,  xxix.  475-497,  and  by  Jared  Sparks  in  the  North 
Amer.  Rev.,  xxvi.  514-538  :  see  also  Lon.  Quar.  Rev.,  xviii. 
308 ;  Lon.  Month.  Rev.,  cxxv.  59 ;  cxxvii.  592 ;  cxxxiv.  143  ; 
Fraser's  Mag.,  viii.  593.  2.  Occasional  Poems  and  Mis 
cellanies,  12mo.  3.  Extracts  from  a  Journal  written  on 
the  Coasts  of  Chili,  Peru,  and  Mexico,  in  1820-22,  1824, 
2  vols.  p.  Svo;  1848,  r.  Svo.  See  Edin.  Rev.,  xl.  31-43. 
4.  Travels  in  North  America  in  1827-28,  3  vols.  p.  Svo, 
1829. 

"  This  work  will  do  considerable  mischief,  not  in  America,  but 
in  England.  It  will  furnish  food  to  the  appetite  for  detraction 
which  reigns  there  towards  this  country.  It  will  put  a  word  iu 
the  mouths  of  those  who  vilify  because  they  hate  and  hate  because 
they  fear  us." — EDWARD  EVERETT  :  N.  Amer.  Rev.,  xxix.  522-574. 

The  London  Quarterly  Reviewer  is  of  quite  a  different 
opinion  : 

"  His  book  may  very  probably  do  good  in  America;  we  hope  it 
will— but  we  are  quite  sure  it  must  do  so  here."  See  vol.  xli.  417- 
447. 

"  Captain  Hall's  work,  amidst  much  striking  talent  and  many 
just  and  profound  observations,  is  too  much  tinctured  by  his  ar 
dent  and  enthusiastic  fancy  to  form  a  safe  guide  on  the  many  de 
bated  subjects  of  national  institutions."— America,  No.  I. :  Black- 
wood's  Mag.,  xxxiv.  288. 

See  also  Westm.  Rev.,  xi.  416;  Lon.  Month.  Rev.,  cxvii. 
503.  5.  Forty  Etchings  from  Sketches  made  with  the 
Camera  Lucida  in  North  America  in  1827-28,  r.  4to,  1829. 

6.  Fragments  of  Voyages  and  Travels,  1st  series,  1831,  3 
vols.  12mo ;  2d  series,  1832,  3  vols.  12mo ;  3d  series,  new 
eds.,  1840,  '46,  '50,  all  in  r.  Svo.     See  Lon.  Quar.  Rev., 
xlvii.   133-169;    Lon.   Month.   Rev.,   May,   1831,   59-79. 

7.  Schloss  Hainfield;  or,  A  Winter  in  Lower  Styria,  1836, 
p.  Svo.     8.  Spain  and  the  Seat  of  War  in  Spain,  1837,  p. 
Svo.     9.  In  conjunction  with  Ellis  and  Pringle,  Voyages 
and  Travels,  1840,  r.  Svo.     10.  Travels  in  South  America, 
1841,  r.  Svo.     11.  Patchwork;    Travels   in    Stories,   Ac., 
1840,  3  vols.  p.  Svo;  2d  ed.,  1841,  3  vols.  18mo  and  in  1 
vol.  12mo. 

"Few  writers  lay  themselves  more  open  to  quizzing:  few  can 
prose  and  bore  more  successfully  than  he  now  and  then  does ;  but 
the  Captain's  merit  is  real  and  great.  .  .  .  Captain  Basil  Hall  im 
parts  a  freshness  to  whatever  spot  he  touches,  and  carries  th« 
reader  with  untiring  good-humour  cheerily  along  with  him.  Turn 
where  we  will  we  have  posies  of  variegated  flowers  presented  to  us, 


HAL 


HAL 


and  we  are  sure  to  find  in  every  one  of  them,  whether  sombre  or 
gay,  a  sprig  of  Basil." — Lon.  Quar.  Rev. 

"Wit  is  not  to  be  measured,  like  broadcloth,  by  the  yard.  Easy 
writing,  as  the  adage  says,  and  as  we  all  know,  is  apt  to  be  very 
hard  reading.  This  brings  to  our  recollection  a  conversation,  in 
the  presence  of  Captain  Basil  Hall,  in  which  some  allusion  having 
been  made  to  the  astounding  amount  of  Scott's  daily  composition, 
the  literary  argonaut  remarked,  '  There  was  nothing  astonishing 
in  all  that,  and  that  he  did  as  much  himself  nearly  every  day 
before  breakfast.'  Some  one  of  the  company  unkindly  asked 
'  whether  he  thought  the  quality  was  the  same.'  It  is  the  quality, 
undoubtedly,  which  makes  the  difference."— WM.  H.  PRESCOTT: 
N.  Amer.  Rev.,  xlv.  11,  and  in  his  Miscellanies;  and  see  Capt, 
Hall's  own  comparison  between  his  rapidity  of  composition  and 
that  of  Sir  Walter,  in  Lockhart's  Life  of  Scott. 

Hall,  Benjamin.  History  of  Eastern  Vermont  from 
its  Earliest  Settlement  to  the  Close  of  the  Eighteenth  Cen 
tury,  N.  York,  1858,  8vo,  pp.  799. 

''  The  author  sustains  himself  throughout  with  unflagging  spirit, 
and  his  book  will  be  read  with  unwearying  interest." — A.  P.  PEA- 
BODY,  D.D.:  N.  Amer.  Rev.,  July,  1858,  281. 
Hall,  Charles.     Serms.,  1756,  '60. 
Hall,  Charles,  M.D.     1.  Medical  Family  Instructor, 
Shrewsb.,  1785,  8vo.      2.  Effects  of  Civilization   on   the 
People  in  the  European  States,  1805,  8vo. 
Hall,  Charles.     Con.  to  Med.  Com.,  vi.  71. 
Hall,  Charles  Henry.    1.  Serms.  atBamptonLect., 
Lon.,  1799,  8vo.     2.  Serm.,  1805,  4to. 

Hall,  Miss  E.  M.  The  American  Lady's  Practical 
Cookery  and  Domestic  Economy,  N.Y.,  1856,  12mo. 
Hall,  Edmund.  Serms.,  1653,  '64.  Other  works. 
Hall,  Edward,  1499P-1547,  an  English  lawyer  and 
judge  in  the  Sheriff's  Court,  is  known  to  posterity  by  his 
Chronicle,  already  noticed  in  our  article  on  Richard  Graf- 
ton.  His  work  is  entitled  The  Vnion  of  the  two  noble  and 
illustrate  Famelies  of  Lancastre  and  York,  Lon.,  1548,  fol. 
This  is  supposed  to  be  the  first  edition,  but  it  is  alleged 
there  is  one  bearing  date  1542.  Respecting  this  question, 
see  authorities  referred  to  below.  This  work  was  continued 
only  to  1532.  Hall  left  the  continuation  in  MS.,  and 
Grafton  completed  it  and  printed  it  in  1550,  fol.  In  1555 
it  was  prohibited  by  proclamation.  Reprinted,  1809,  2 
vols.  4to.  We  have  already  referred  to  Bishop  Nicolson's 
opinion  of  this  work  : 

"  He  wrote  a  large  account  of  the  fore-mentioned  wars,  which, 
in  a  very  flattering  epistle,  he  dedicated  to  Henry  VIII.  If  the 
reader  desires  to  know  what  sort  of  cloaths  were  worn  in  each 
king's  reign,  and  how  the  fashions  altered,  this  is  an  historian 
for  his  purpose ;  but  in  other  matters  his  information  is  not  very 
valuable." — Eng.  Hist.  Lib. 
But  Hearne  disputes  this : 

"All  the  copies  I  have  yet  seen  or  heard  of  are  dedicated  to  Edw. 
VI.,  and  the  dedication  is  far  from  being  flattering.  The  informa 
tions,  too,  are  all  along  so  very  good,  abating  that  the  chronology 
is  here  and  there  wrong,  that  they  have  been,  and  will  always  be, 
highly  valued  by  the  most  curious  men.  He  declines  giving  any 
account  of  cloaths  and  fashion,  excepting  upon  some  solemn  occa 
sion  in  King  Henry  the  Eighth's  reign,  and  contents  himself  with 
what  is  truly  momentous." — Appen.  to  Hemingi  Chart.  Ecdes.  Wi- 
gor.,  ii.  673,  &c. 

Herbert  supposes  that  Bishop  Nicolson  refers  to  the  ed. 
of  1542(?)  and  Hearne,  to  one  of  the  other  edits.  But  no 
such  theory  will  reconcile  statements  so  directly  opposed 
to  each  other.  Shakspeare  and  the  other  dramatists  of 
his  day  drew  largely  from  Hall's  Chronicles  for  materials 
for  their  plots.  See  Bliss's  Wood's  Athen.  Oxon. ;  Cole's 
MS.  Athenae.  Cantab.,  in  Brit.  Mus. ;  Harwood's  Alumni 
Etonenses;  Tanner  and  Pits;  Peck's  Desiderata ;  D,ibdin's 
Typ.  Antiq.  of  G.  Brit. ;  Hallam's  Constit.  Hist,  of  Eng. 
Dibdin's  Lib.  Comp. ;  Lowndes's  Bibl.  Man. 

Hall,  Edward.  Serms.  and  Prayers  for  the  Young 
Lon.,  1789,  8vo. 

Hall,  Edward  B.,  D.D.  Memoir  of  Mary  L.  Ware 
wife  of  Henry  Ware,  Jr.,  Bost,  1852,  12mo.  Seven  eds'. 
of  this  Memoir  have  already  (1856)  appeared.  Reviewec 
in  N.  Amer.  Rev.,  Ixxvii.  145. 

Hall,  Edwin,  D.D.  1.  The  Puritans  and  their  Prin 
ciples,  N.  York,  8vo.  2.  Law  of  Baptism,  3d  ed.,  12mo. 

Hall,  Everard.  Index  to  the  Virginia  Reports, 
Washington  to  2d  Randolph,  Rich.,  1825,  8vo. 

Hall,  Francis.  Explication  of  Dial  in  the  King's 
Garden  at  London,  Liege,  1673,  4to. 

Hall,  laeut.  Francis,  14th  Light  Dragoons,  H.P. 
subsequently  Hydrographer  in  the  Service  of  Colombia 
1.  Travels  in  Canada  and  the  U.  States  in  1816-17 ;  Lon. 
1818,  8vo;  Bost.,  8vo. 

"  Mr.  Hall  is  a  clever,  lively  man,  very  much  above  the  common 
race  of  writers.  ...  It  is  certainly  somewhat  rare  to  meet  with 
an  original  thinker,  an  indulgent  judge  of  manners,  and  a  man 
tolerant  of  neglect  and  familiarity,  in  a  youth  covered  with  tags 
feathers,  and  martial  foolery."— REV.  SYDNEY  SMITH  :  Edin.  Rev. 
xxxi.  133,  and  in  his  Miscellanies. 

"  He  has  good  sense  enough  to  think  that  a  country  is  not  tc 
be  judged  by  its  tavern-keepers  and  hostlers,  and  too  much  good 


umour  to  rail  at  a  whole  people  because  he  meets  with  occasional 
istances  of  fraud  and  churlishness." — J.  GALUSON  :  N.  Amer.  Rev., 
s.  135-155. 

"  Hall's  is  a  pleasant  and  lively  work,  unfolding  many  of  the 
eculiarities  of  the  manners,  customs,  &c.  of  Canada  and  the 
idjacent  parts  of  the  United  States." — Stevenson's  Voyages. 

2.  Travels  in  France  in  1818;  Lon.,  1819,  8vo.     3.  Ac- 
ount  of  Colombia  in  1824,  8vo ;  1825,  '27. 
Hall,  Francis  Russell.    Regeneration,  &c.,  1832, 
2mo. 

Hall,  Rev.  Gordon,  d.  1826,  in  India,  aged  about 
16,  a  native  of  Berkshire,  Mass.,  was  the  first  American 
missionary  at  Bombay,  where  he  laboured  for  thirteen 
years  with  great  zeal.  He  had  just  revised  the  New  Tes- 
•ament  in  the  Mahratta  tongue,  when  he  was  seized  with 
cholera,  of  which  he  died  in  eight  or  nine  hours.  In  con 
junction  with  S.  Newell,  he  wrote  The  Conversion  of  the 
World,  &c.,  2d  ed.,  1818,  8vo. 

Hall,  George,  1612-1668,  son  of  the  Bishop  of  Nor- 
ich,  Fellow  of  Exeter  Coll.,  Oxford,   Preb.  of  Exeter, 
1639  ;  Archdeacon  of  Cornwall,  1641 ;  Bishop  of  Chester, 
1662.     He  pub.  Serms.,  1655,  '66,  both  4to,  and  The  Tri 
umphs  of  Rome  over  despised  Protestancy,  1655,  '67,  8vo. 
"  Had  the  seeds  of  virtue  sown  in  him  very  early  by  his  said 
kther." — Athen.  Oxon. 

Hall,  Harrison,  of  Philadelphia,  b.  1785,  a  brother 
of  Judge  James  Hall  and  of  John  E.  Hall,  (see  post,)  wrote 
a  work  on  Distillation,  first  pub.  in  1815,  which  passed 
through  two  edits,  in  America  (2d  ed.,  1818,  8vo)  and  one 
n  England.     This  work  elicited  the  commendation  of  Dr. 
Hare  and  of  other  scientific  men  of  the  day. 
Hall,  Henry.     Serm.,  Lon.,  1644,  4to. 
Hall,  Hiland,  late  Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court  of 
Vermont.     History  of  Western  Vermont,  announced  as  in 
course  of  preparation,  1858. 

Hall,  Isaac,  M.D.     Tumour  of  the  Thigh. 
Hall,  J.  V.     The  Sinner's  Friend,  Maidstone,  8vo. 
Hall,  Rev.  James.    1.  Discoveries  in  Nat.  Philos., 
Lon.,  1805,  8vo.     2.  Travels  in  Scotland,  1807,  2  vols.  8vo. 
3.  Travels  through  Ireland,  1813,  2  vols.  8vo.     4.  Substi 
tute  for  Hemp;  Nich.  Jour.,  1811. 

Hall,  Sir  James,  1761-1832,  fourth  Baronet  of  Dun- 
glass,  and  father  of  Capt,  Basil  Hall,  R.N.  Origin,  Princi 
ples,  and  Hist,  of  Gothic  Architecture,  Lon.,  1813,  imp.  4to. 
"  The  most  popular  and  esteemed  work  on  the  subject  of  which 
it  treats,  both  in  the  particular  theory  it  espouses,  and  the  interest 
of  its  details." — Chambers  &  Thomson's  Biog.  Diet,  of  Scotsmen. 

He  contributed  papers  on  architecture,  nat.  philos.,  <fcc., 
to  Trans.  Soc.  Edin.,  1796,  1805,  and  to  Nich.  Jour.,  1804, 
'06,  '15,  <fec.  The  result  of  his  experiments  tended  to 
confirm  the  truth  of  the  Plutonian  or  Igneous  theory  of 
the  origin  of  minerals.  See  Lon.  Gent.  Mag.,  Aug.  1832, 
pp.  178-179,  and  Watt's  Bibl.  Brit,;  Chambers  &  Thom 
son's  Biog.  Diet,  of  Eminent  Scotsmen. 

Hall,  James.  Serms.,  Lon.,  1814,  '15,  both  8vo. 
Hall,  James,  an  eminent  American  writer  and 
Judge,  b.  in  Philadelphia,  Aug.  19,  1793,  after  spending 
some  time  in  the  study  of  the  law,  entered  the  U.  States 
Army,  and  distinguished  himself  in  the  battle  of  Lundy's 
Lane,  at  Niagara,  the  siege  of  Fort  Erie,  and  on  various 
other  occasions  during  the  last  war  with  Great  Britain. 
He  resigned  from  the  army  in  1818,  and  in  1820  removed 
to  Shawneetown,  Illinois,  where  he  edited  the  Illinois 
Gazette  and  practised  at  the  Bar.  Whilst  living  in  this 
State,  he  was  elected  by  the  Legislature  Judge  of  the 
Circuit  Court,  and  for  four  years  held  the  responsible  post 
of  State  Treasurer.  In  1833  he  removed  to  Cincinnati, 
where  he  has  since  resided.  Since  1836  he  has  been  con 
nected  with  monetary  pursuits;  was  for  some  time  the 
Cashier  of  the  Commercial  Bank,  and  has  been  since  1853 
President  of  an  institution  of  the  same  name.  For  further 
particulars  respecting  Judge  Hall's  useful  and  laborious 
life  we  refer  the  reader  to  Griswold's  Prose-Writers  of 
America,  and  to  Duyckincks'  Cyc.  of  Amer.  Lit. 

1.  Letters  from  the  West,    Originally  pub.  in  the  Phila. 
Port-Folio,  edited  by  the  author's  brother,  Mr.  John  E. 
Hall,  (see  post.)     They  appeared  in  London  in  a  collective 
form  in  1828,  8vo,  without  the  author's  concurrence.     Re 
viewed  in  the  London  Quarterly,  xxxix.  345-359. 

2.  Legends  of  the  West,  Phila.,  1832,  12mo;   2d  ed., 
1833.     3.  The  Soldier's  Bride,  and  other  Tales,  1832.    4. 
The  Harpe's  Head;  a  Legend  of  Kentucky,  1833.  5.  Sketches 
of  the  West,  1835,  2  vols.  12mo.     See  N.  Amer.  Rev.,  xliii. 
1-28;  xlv.  234-239;    xlvii.  499-501;    Rich's  Bibl.  Amer. 
Nova,  ii.  292.     6.  Tales  of  the  Border,  1835,  12mo.     7. 
Statistics  of  the  West  at  the  Close  of  1836  ;  Cincin.,  1836, 
12mo.    8.  Notes  on  the  Western  States,  Phila.,  1838, 12mo ; 
1839,  cr.  8vo. 

"  Though  furnished  with  a  new  title,  this  work  is  but  another 


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edition  of  Judge  Hall's  Statistics  of  the  West,  published  in  1836." 
— aV.  Amer.  J?«r.,  xlvii.  499-601.  . 

"  This  is,  in  our  opinion,  a,  valuable  book.  It  furnishes  just 
•what  we  want.  .  .  .  Mr.  Hall  understands  bis  subject  thoroughly ; 
which  no  mere  traveller,  however  well  qualified,  can  be  expected 
to  do."— Lon.  AtlunuEum,  1839  :  111-113,  q.  v. 

9.  Life  of  General  William  Henry  Harrison,  1836, 18mo. 
10.  History  of  the  Indian  Tribes,  by  Thomas  L.  McKenney, 
late  of  the  Indian  Department  at  Washington,  and  James 
Hall.  Embellished  with  120  Portraits  from  the  Indian 
Gallery  at  Washington.  Phila.  and  Washington,  20  Nos. 
fol. ;  vol.  i.,  1838 ;  ii.,  1842 ;  iii.,  1844 ;  $120  per  copy  for  the 
set  Repub.  in  London.  For  an  account  of  this  splendid 
work,  written  entirely  from  authentic  original  materials 
collected  with  vast  labour,  see  N.  Amer.  Rev.,  xlvii.  134- 
148-  London  For.  Quar.  Rev.,  xxxvii.  479;  Rich  s  Bibl. 
Amer.  Nova,  ii.  300-307.  The  letter-press  was  written 
chiefly  by  Judge  Hall : 

"  Colonel  McKenney  has  an  accomplished  coadjutor  in  Judge 
Hall  of  Cincinnati,  who  is  associated  with  him  in  the  literary 
part  of  the  enterprise.  Judge  Hall's  well-known  grace  and  liveli 
ness  of  style,  and  his  knowledge  of  events  in  the  West,  and  of  the 
Indian  character  as  unfolded  in  the  wars  of  recent  times,  besides 
the  advantages  he  derives  from  his  proximity  to  the  scenes  he 
describes,  enable  him  to  make  contributions  which  adorn  and 
give  additional  value  to  the  work."— .ZV.  Amer.  Rev.,  xlvii.  134- 
148,  notice  of  vol.  i. 

11.  The  Wilderness  and  the  War-Path,  N.  York,  1845, 
12mo.  12.  Anniversary  Address  before  the  Mercantile 
Library  Association  of  Cincinnati,  April,  1846.  13.  Life 
of  Thomas  Posey,  Major-General  and  Governor  of  Indiana, 
in  Sparks's  American  Biography,  2d  Series,  ix.  359-403. 
A  new  and  uniform  edit,  of  Judge  Hall's  works,  revised 
by  the  author,  to  be  comprised  in  four  vols.,  uniform  with 
Putnam's  edit,  of  Irving's  Works,  is  now  (1856)  in  course 
of  publication.  Vol  i.,  Legends  of  the  West,  appeared  in 
1853  ;  and  vol.  ii.,  The  West,  Historical,  Descriptive  and 
Statistical,  is  now  ready  for  the  press.  In  1857  appeared 
Romance  of  Western  History,  Cin.,  12mo.  Judge  Hall  has 
been  a  contributor  to  The  Amer.  Quar.  Rev.,  The  Phila.  Port- 
Folio,  The  Knickerbocker,  The  Boston  Token,  Ac.  He 
founded,  published,  edited,  and  contributed  largely  to,  The 
Illinois  Magazine,  (monthly,)  issued  for  three  years  at 
Vandalia,  and  then  removed  to  Cincinnati,  where  its  name 
was  changed  to  The  Western  Monthly  Magazine.  Under 
this  title  it  enjoyed  a  large  circulation  for  three  years, 
when  it  was  discontinued.  He  also  edited  and  contributed 
largely  to  The  Western  Souvenir  for  1829,  (pub.  at  Cin 
cinnati,)  the  first  annual  attempted  in  the  West.  When 
we  add  to  this  long  list  of  labours  the  editorial  duties 
connected  with  several  newspapers, — The  Illinois  Gazette, 
The  Illinois  Intelligencer,  Ac. — it  will  be  readily  admitted 
that  few  men  have  done  so  much  for  the  cause  of  Western 
civilization  and  the  intellectual  improvement  of  the 
country  at  large.  Sttch  men  should  be  "  counted  worthy 
of  all  honour." 

Hall,  James,  an  eminent  geologist,  b.  at  Hingham 
Mass.,  1811,  Palaeontologist  of  New  York  State  Survey. 
1.  The  Geology  of  New  York,  Fourth  Geological  Dis 
trict,  1843,  4to.  2.  The  Palaeontology  of  New  York;  vol.  i., 
1847,  4to;  ii.,  1852,  4to;  iii.,  in  course  of  preparation. 
Mr.  Hall  has  contributed  a  number  of  papers  to  various 
scientific  publications. 

Hall,  John.  A  Poesie  in  Forme  of  a  Vision,  Ac. 
1563,  16mo.  Probably  written  by  the  next-named  John 
Hall.  See  Brydges's  Phillips's  Theat.  Poet.  Anglic.,  78  : 
Ritson's  Bibl.  Poet.,  232,  233 ;  Warton's  Hist,  of  Eng! 
Poet. 

Hall,  John,  an  early  English  poet,  was  a  surgeon  of 
Maidstone,  in  Kent.  1.  The  Prouerbes  of  Salomon,  Ac., 
1550.  2.  Trans,  of  Chirurgia  Parua  Lanfranci,  Lon.,  1565' 
4to.  3.  The  Courte  of  Vertue,  1565,  16mo.  See  Brydges's 
Phillips's  Theat.  Poet.  Anglic. ;  Ritson's  Bibl.  Poet.,  232- 
233 ;  Warton's  Hist,  of  Eng.  Poet. 

Hall,  John,  1627-1656,  a  native  of  Durham,  spen 
one  year  at  St.  John's  Coll.,  Camb.,  and  subsequently  re 
moved  to  Gray's  Inn.  1.  Horse  Vicivse;  or,  Essays,  Ac. 
Lon.,  1646,  12mo.  2.  Poems,  Camb.,  1646,  12mo.  See 
Nichols's  Select  Collection.  3.  The  Seconde  Booke  of 
Divine  Poems,  1647.  Now  very  rare.  4.  Emblems,  1648 
16mo.  5.  Motion  to  the  Parliament,  1649,  4to.  6.  Mon 
archy,  1651,  8vo.  7.  The  Height  of  Eloquence,  1652 
8vo.  8.  Paradoxes,  1653,  12mo.  This  is  the  first  English 
trans,  of  Longinus.  9.  Hierocles  on  Pythagoras,  1657 
8vo.  With  an  account  of  Hall,  by  John  Davis.  See 
Athen.  Oxon. 

Hall,    John,    of   Richmond.      Government,    Lon 
1654,  fol. 

Hall,  John.     The  True  Chevalier,  Lon.,  1656,  fol. 
762 


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Hall,  John.  English  Bodies;  or,  Cures  in  desperate 
'iseases.  Englished  by  Jas.  Cooke,  Lon.,  1657,  12iao. 
y  H.  Stubb?,  1679,  '83,  8vo. 

"Hall,  John.     Jacob's  Ladder,  Lon.,  1676,  8vo. 
Hall,  John.     Refutation  of  Helmont,  Oxf.,  1694,  4to. 
Hall,  John.     His  Memoirs,  Lon.,  1708,  '14,  8vo. 
Hall,  John.     Speech  at  Tyburn,  Lon.,  1716. 

Hall,  John.     Con.  to  Med.  Obs.  and  Inq.,  1784. 

Hall,  John.     Funl.  Serm.,  Lon.,  1798,  8vo. 

Hall,  John.     Conveyancing,  Lon.,  1829,  8vo. 

Hall,  John  E.,  1783-1829,  a  son  of  Mrs.  Sarah  Hall, 

nd  brother  of  Judge  James  Hall  and  Harrison  Hall,  was 

dmitted  to  the  Bar  in  1805,  and  commenced  practice  in 

Baltimore ;    he    subsequently  removed    to    Philadelphia. 

Whilst  in  Baltimore  he  was  elected  to  the  responsible  post 

f  Professor  of  Rhetoric  and  Belles-Lettres  in  the  Univer- 

ity  of  Maryland.     From  1808  to  1817  he  pub.  The  Ame- 

ican  Law  Journal,  Phila.,  6  vols.  8vo.     In  1821  was  pub. 

ne  vol.  of  The  Journal  of  Jurisprudence,  a  new  series  of 

?he   American    Law   Journal,  Phila.,  8vo.     Hall's    Law 

ournal  contains  some  Decisions  of  the  Federal  Courts 

ot  pub.  in  the  regular  reports.     See  23  Amer.  Jour.,  135. 

n  1816  he  became  editor  of  The  Port-Folio,  and  contri- 

uted  to  its  pages  from  time  to  time  a  number  of  articles 

which  excited  considerable  attention.     He  also  wrote  a  life 

f  Dr.  John  Shaw,  prefixed  to  the  poems  of  the  latter,  pub. 

at  Baltimore  in  1810  ;  collected,  arranged,  and  contributed 

/>  an  edit,  of  The  British  Spy;  edited  the  Philadelphia 

Souvenir  in  1827 ;  and  in  the  same  year  pub.  Memoirs  of 

Eminent  Persons,  Ac.,  written  and  in  part  selected  by  the 

Editor  of  The  Port-Folio.     In  consequence  of  the  failure 

if  Mr.  Hall's  health,  the  Port-Folio  was  discontinued  in 

1827.     See  Duyckincks'  Cyc.  of  Amer.  Lit.     Mr.  Hall  also 

}ub.  The   Practice  and  Jurisdiction  of  the  Court  of  Ad- 

niralty,  Bait.,  1809,  8vo;  an  English  edit,  of  Emerigon 

on  Maritime  Loans,  with   other  matter,  1811,  8vo;  and 

Tracts  on  Constitutional  Law,  containing  Mr.  Livingston's 

Answer  to  Mr.  Jefferson,  Phila.,  1813,  8vo. 

Hall,  Jonathan  Prescott.  Reports  of  Cases  in 
Superior  Ct.  City  N.  York,  1828-29,  N.  York,  1831-33,  2 
vols.  8vo. 

Hall,  Joseph,  D.D.,  1574-1656,  one  of  the  most  emi 
nent  of  English  divines  and  scholars,  was  a  native  of 
Ashby-de-la-Zouch,  and  educated  at  Emanuel  Coll.,  Cam 
bridge,  where  for  a  short  time  he  read  the  Rhetoric  Lecture 
in  the  schools.  He  became  Rector  of  Halsted,  was  subse 
quently  presented  by  Lord  Denny  to  Waltham  Holy  Cross, 
and  next  made  a  Prebendary  of  the  collegiate  church  of 
Wolverhampton.  In  1618  he  was  sent  to  the  Synod  of 
Dort,  was  made  Bishop  of  Exeter  in  1627,  and  trans,  to 
Norwich  in  1641.  On  the  occurrence  of  the  Rebellion, 
after  suffering  imprisonment  and  enduring  various  other 
hardships,  he  was  sequestered  and  reduced  to  great  poverty. 
He  retired  to  Higham,  near  Norwich,  where  he  spent  the 
rest  of  his  days  on  a  straitened  income,  but  in  the  active 
discharge  of  ministerial  duty.  As  a  man  of  profound 
learning,  fervent  piety,  and  practical  philanthropy,  his 
name  should  be  "had  in  everlasting  remembrance."  He 
was  distinguished  both  as  a  poet  and  as  a  prose  writer,  and 
wrote  many  sermons,  controversial  tracts  against  Roman 
ism,  and  other  theological  treatises.  For  particulars  of  his 
life  and  writings,  see  Biog.  Brit. ;  his  Autobiography,  in  his 
Specialities;  Johnson  and  Chalmers's  Eng.  Poets,  1810; 
Warton's  Hist,  of  Eng.  Poet. ;  Watt's  Bibl.  Brit. ;  Words 
worth's  Eccles.  Biog. ;  Hallani's  Lit.  Hist,  of  Europe ; 
Lowndes's  Bibl.  Man.  A  new  edit,  of  his  Works,  now  first 
collected,  with  his  Autobiography,  Notes,  Index,  Ac.,  by 
Rev.  Josiah  Pratt,  was  pub.,  Lon.,  1808,  in  10  vols.  8vo, 
£4  4».  A  still  later  edit.,  by  his  descendant,  Rev.  Peter 
Hall,  was  pub.,  Oxf.,  1837-39,  in  12  vols.  8vo,  £5.  This 
edit,  the  collector  must  secure.  Its  contents  are  as  follows  : 
Vol.  I.  Biographical  Pieces;  Contemplations  on  the  Old 
Testament,  Books  1-17.  II.  Contemplations  on  the  Old 
Testament,  Books  18-21;  Contemplations  on  the  New 
Testament.  III.  Paraphrases  on  Hard  Texts,  Genesis  to 
David.  IV.  Paraphrases  on  Hard  Texts,  Hosea  to  Reve 
lation.  V.  Sermons.  VI.,  VII.  Practical  Works.  VIII. 
Devotional  Works ;  Miscellaneous  Theology.  IX.,  X.  Po 
lemical  Works.  XL  Latin  Theology,  with  Translations. 
XII.  Mundus  Alter  et  idem;  Quo  Vadis  ?  A  Censure  of 
Travel;  Poetical  Works ;  Appendix;  Indices.  Of  separate 
pieces,  and  selections  from  his  writings,  there  have  been 
many  edits.  The  most  comprehensive  of  these  is  Selec 
tions  by  the  Rev.  Josiah  Pratt,  1808,  5  vols.  8vo,  £2  2*. 
We  proceed  to  quote  a  number  of  opinions  by  eminent 
authorities  respecting  the  merits  of  a  number  of  the  works 
of  this  profound  scholar  and  excellent  man: 


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1.  SATIRES:  VIRGIDEMIARUM  :  pub.   1597-98.     These 
were  pub.  at  the  early  age  of  twenty-three.     It  is  proper 
to  quote  in  this  connexion  the  remark  of  Dr.  Drake  : 

"  Poetry  was  the  occupation  merely  of  his  youth ;  the  vigour 
and  decline  of  his  days  being  employed  in  the  composition  of  pro 
fessional  works,  calculated,  by  their  piety,  eloquence,  and  origin 
ality,  to  promote,  in  the  most  powerful  manner,  the  best  interests 
of  morality  and  religion." 

"  The  first  professed  English  satirist,  to  speak  technically,  is 
Bishop  Joseph  Hall.  .  .  .  These  satires  are  marked  with  a  classical 
precision,  to  which  English  poetry  had  yet  rarely  attained.  They 
are  replete  with  animation  of  style  and  sentiment.  The  indigna 
tion  of  the  satirist  is  always  the  result  of  good  sense.  Nor  are  the 
thorns  of  severe  invective  unmixed  with  the  flowers  of  pure  poetry. 
The  characters  are  delineated  in  strong  and  lively  colouring,  and 
their  discriminations  are  touched  with  the  masterly  traces  of 
genuine  humour.  The  versification  is  equally  energetic  and  ele 
gant,  and  the  fabric  of  the  couplets  approaches  to  the  modern 
standard."—  Warton' s  Hist,  of  Eng.  Poet.,  ed.  1840,  iii.  404-441. 
Read  this  "  masterly  piece  of  criticism." 

"  The  best  Poetry  and  the  truest  Satire  in  the  English  language. 
...  I  wish  I  had  seen  them  sooner." — ALEXANDER  POPE. 

"This  powerful  and  truly  original  writer  is  the  earliest  professed 
Satirist  among  our  Poets;  and  he  has  himself  alluded  to  that  fact 
with  a  proud  and  pardonable  egotism : 

I  first  adventure ;  follow  me  who  list, 
And  be  the  Second  English  Satirist.' 

His  Satires,  besides  their  own  intrinsic  poetical  excellences,  are 
valuable  to  the  Antiquary  as  presenting  a  most  vivid  and  faithful 
picture  of  the  manners  of  our  ancestors ;  their  fashions,  follies, 
vices,  and  peculiarities.  These  Hall  has  touched  with  a  powerful 
and  unsparing  hand.  Scribblers,  Lawyers,  Parsons,  Physicians, 
all  those  unfortunate  classes  of  men,  who  have,  from  time  imme 
morial,  enjoyed  the  unenvied  privilege  of  attracting  the  peculiar 
notice  of  the  Satiric  Muse,  are  by  him  laid  bare  and  shrinking  to 
the  scorn  and  hatred  of  Mankind." — Henry  Neele's  Lects.  on  Eng 
lish  Poetry. 

"In  many  instances,  Hall  redeems  the  antiquity  of  his  allusions 
by  their  ingenious  adaptation  to  modern  manners ;  and  this  is  but 
a  small  part  of  his  praise :  for  in  the  point,  and  volubility,  and 
vigour  of  Hall's  numbers,  we  might  frequently  imagine  ourselves 
perusing  Dry  den." — Thomas  Campbell's  Notices  of  the  British  Poets. 

But  Mr.  Hallam  questions  Hall's  claim,  asserted  by 
himself  and  since  generally  allowed,  to  be  considered  the 
first  English  satirist: 

"  In  a  general  sense  of  satire,  we  have  seen  that  he  had  been 
anticipated  by  Gascoigne;  but  Hall  has  more  of  the  direct  Juve- 
nalian  invective,  which  he  may  have  reckoned  essential  to  that 
species  of  poetry." 

He  considers,  also,  that  Hall's  Satires  have  been  "praised 
by  Campbell,  as  well  as  by  Warton,  full  as  much  in  my 
opinion  as  they  deserve,"  and  remarks : 

"  Hall  is  in  fact  not  only  so  harsh  and  rugged  that  he  cannot 
be  read  with  much  pleasure,  but  so  obscure  in  very  many  places, 
that  he  cannot  be  understood  at  all,  his  lines  frequently  bearing 
no  visible  connexion  in  sense  or  grammar  with  their  neighbours." 
— Lit.  Hist,  of  Europe. 

2.  EPISTLES  :  pub.  1608-11. 

"  An  able  inquirer  into  the  literature  of  this  period  has  affirmed 
that  Hall's  Epistles,  written  before  the  year  1613.  are  the  first  ex 
ample  of  epistolary  composition  which  England  had  seen.  '  Bishop 
Hall,'  he  says,  'was  not  only  our  first  satirist,  but  was  the  first 
who  brought  epistolary  writing  to  the  view  of  the  public;  which 
was  common  in  that  age  to  other  parts  of  Europe,  but  not  prac 
tised  in  England  till  he  published  his  own  Epistles.'  And  Hall 
himself  in  the  Dedication  of  his  Epistles  to  Prince  Henry  observes, 
'  Your  grace  shall  herein  perceiue  a  new  fashion  of  discourse  by 
EPISTLES,  new  to  our  language,  vsuall  to  others:  and,  as  nouelty 
is  neuer  without  plea  of  vse,  more  free,  more  familiar.' "—War- 
ton's  Hist,  of  Eng.  Poet. 

But  Warton  assigns  to  Roger  Ascham  the  first  and  to 
Howell  the  second  place,  in  order  of  time,  in  this  depart 
ment  of  letters. 

Campbell  also  falls  into  the  error  of  denominating 
Bishop  Hall  "  the  first  who  gave  our  language  an  example 
of  epistolary  composition  in  prose."  See  his  Notices  of 
the  British  Poets. 

3.  CONTEMPLATIONS  UPON  THE  PRINCIPAL  PASSAGES  OF 

THE  HlST.  OF  THE  NEW  TESTAMENT:    pub.  1612-15. 

"  Incomparably  valuable  for  language,  criticism  and  devotion." 
— DR.  DODDRIDGE. 

"  The  first  and  last  terms  are  justly  applied,  but  not  the  middle 
one ;  as  there  is  very  little  criticism,  in  the  proper  meaning  of  the 
term,  in  any  of  the  works  of  Hall.  .  .  .  There  is  a  great  variety 
of  sentiment,  and  great  richness  of  thought  and  expression,  in 
these  Contemplations.  The  historical  passages  are  often  very 
happily  illustrated;  and  a  pure  and  elevated  devotion,  combined 
with  a  fine  imagination,  pervades  the  whole."—  Orme's  Bibl.  Bib. 

"  Very  devotional  and  useful." — BickerstttK 's  Chris.  Stu. 

"  A  vein  of  piety,  and  even  an  original  cast  of  observation,  runs 
through  the  greater  part  of  his  performances ;  and  his  Contempla 
tions,  in  particular,  breathe  the  fire  of  poetry  as  well  as  of  devo 
tion." — DIBDIN  :  Lib.  Comp. 

"  The  Contemplations  of  Hall  are  among  his  most  celebrated 
works.  They  are  prolix,  and  without  much  of  that  vivacity  or 
striking  novelty  we  meet  with  in  the  devotional  writings  of  his 
contemporary,  [Jeremy  Taylor.]  but  are  perhaps  more  practical 
and  generally  edify  ing."-HaUam's  Lit.  Hist,  of  Europe. 

4.  THE  OLD  RELIGION;    or,  the  Difference  between  the 
Reformed  and  the  Romish  Church :  pub.  1628. 


A  very  able  work. 

"  Quo  ostenditur  evangelicam  religionem  esse  antiquam  atque 
apostolicam;  Romanam  contra  novam  atque  ab  hominibus  ex- 
cogitatam."— WALCH. 

5.  EXPLICATION  OF  ALL  THE  HARD  TEXTS  OF  THE  WHOLE 
DIVINE  SCRIPTURE  :  pub.  1633-34. 

"These  expository  notes  are  very  valuable,  especially  for  show 
ing  the  spirit  and  force  of  many  expressions  that  occur."— DR. 
DODDRIDGE. 

"  They  do  not,  however,  contain  much  learned  criticism.  Most 
of  them,  if  not  all,  are  inserted  in  the  valuable  Commentary  of 
Bp.  Mant  and  Dr.  D'Oyly." — Home's  Bibl.  Bib. 

"  This  paraphrase  includes  many  texts  which  are  not  hard ;  and 
on  many  hard  texts  it  throws  little  light.  Occasionally  a  critical 
remark  occurs,  and  frequently  the  point  and  energy  of  a  particular 
sentiment  is  happily  noticed  ;  but  the  reader  who  repairs  to  these 
volumes  for  the  solution  of  many  difficulties  in  the  language  or 
doctrine  of  the  Bible  will  certainly  be  disappointed.  He  who 
undertakes  too  much  must  always  fail  to  afford  satisfaction.  An 
explication  of  all  the  hard  texts  in  the  Bible  was  too  vast  an  un 
dertaking  even  for  Bishop  Hall,  though  his  learning  was  greater 
than  that  of  most  of  the  men  of  his  age,  and  his  industry  not 
inferior  to  any." — Orme's Bibl.'Bib. 

"  Very  devotional  and  useful." — Bickersteth's  O.  S. 

6.  CHRISTIAN  MEDITATIONS  :  pub.  1640. 

"Next  to  his  Contemplations  are  his  Meditations,  Letters,  and 
Balm  of  Gilead." — DR.  DODDRIDGE. 

"  Best  of  all  in  his  Meditations."— Fuller's  Worthies  of  Leicester 
shire. 

"  Bishop  Hall's  beautiful  Meditations  were  not  less  suited  to  our 
day  than  to  his." — REV.  CHARLES  BRIDGES  :  Memoir  of  M.  J.  Gra 
ham.  . 

7.  EPISCOPACY  BY  DIVINE  RIGHT  ASSERTED  :  pub.  1640. 
"  In  .this  the  good  Bishop  endeavours  to  fix  Episcopacy  upon 

the  same  basis  of  apostolical  institution,  and  to  demolish  the  sys 
tem  of  the  Puritans,  by  demonstrating  that  Presbyterianism  had 
no  existence  for  the  first  fifteen  centuries  of  the  Christian  era,  and 
that  it  owed  its  being  to  the  inventive  faculties  of  Calvin."— 
BOGUE. 

8.  MUNDUS  ALTER  ET  IDEM  :   SIVE  TERRA  AUSTRALIS 
ANTE  HAC  SEMPER  INCOGNITA  AUTHORS  MERCURIC  BRITAN- 
NICO  :    pub.  1643.     An  English  version  was  pub.  by  John 
Healey,  under  the  title  of  Discovery  of  a  New  World,  8vo. 

"  I  can  only  produce  two  books  by  English  authors  in  this  first 
part  of  the  seventeenth  century  which  fall  properly  under  the  class 
of  novels  or  romances ;  and  of  these  one  is  written  in  Latin.  This 
is  the  Mundus  Alter  et  Idem  of  Bishop  Hall,  an  imitation  of  the 
latter  and  weaker  volumes  of  Rabelais.  A  country  in  Terra  Aus- 
tralis  is  divided  into  four  regions,  Crapulia,  Viraginia,  Moronea, 
and  Lavernia.  Maps  of  the  whole  land  and  of  particular  regions 
are  given ;  and  the  nature  of  the  satire,  not  much  of  which  has 
any  especial  reference  to  England,  may  easily  be  collected." — 
Hallam' s' Lit.  Hist,  of  Europe. 

The  other  novel  referred  to  by  Mr.  Hallam  is  Francis 
Godwin's  Man  in  the  Moon.  It  has  been  supposed  that 
Swift  borrowed  the  idea  of  Gulliver's  Travels  from  Hall's 
Mundus  Alter  et  Idem:  but  see  our  life  of  FRANCIS  GOD 
WIN.  We  conclude  with  some  opinions  respecting  the 
general  merits  of  this  eminent  divine  as  a  scholar  and  an 
author : 

"  He  was  noted  for  a  singular  wit  from  his  youth :  a  most  acute 
rhetorician  and  an  elegant  poet.  He  understood  many  tongues ; 
and  in  the  rhetorick  of  his  own  he  was  second  to  none  that  lived 
in  his  time." — REV.  JOHN  WHITEFOOTE:  Bishop  Hall's  Funeral 
Sermon. 

"  He  was  commonly  called  our  English  Seneca,  for  the  pureness, 
plainness,  and  fulness  of  his  style.  Not  unhappy  at  controversies, 
more  happy  at  comments,  very  good  in  his  character,  better  in  his 
sermons,  best  of  all  in  his  meditations.  ...  A  witty  poet  when 
young,  a  painful  preacher  and  solid  divine  in  his  middle,  a  patient 
sufferer  in  his  old,  age." — THOMAS  FULLER. 

"  It  is  much  to  our  present  purpose  to  observe  that  the  style  of 
his  prose  is  strongly  tinctured  with  the  manner  of  Seneca.  The 
writer  of  the  satires  is  perceptible  in  some  of  his  gravest  polemical 
or  scriptural  treatises,  which  are  perpetually  interspersed  with 
excursive  illustrations,  familiar  allusions  and  observations  in  life. 
Many  of  them  were  early  translated  into  French."—  Warton's  Hist, 
of  Eng.  Poet. 

The  obligations  of  the  author  of  The  Sentimental  Jour 
ney  to  Bishop  Hall  have  been  exposed  by  an  ingenious 
critic,  whose  merits  we  have  already  considered  : 

"There  is  a  delicacy  of  thought  and  tenderness  of  expression  in 
the  good  Bishop's  compositions,  from  the  transfusions  of  which 
Sterne  looked  for  immortality." — DR.  FERRIAR. 

The  next  authority  to  be  quoted  is  not  noted  for  enthu 
siastic  eulogy  of  the  old  English  divines ;  but  he  can  hardly 
say  enough  in  favour  of  Bishop  Hall : 

"Imaginative  and  copious  eloquence,  terse  and  pointed  sen 
tences,  full  of  piety  and  devotion.  Few  writers  more  likely  to  be 
useful  to  [Divinity]  students.  Let  them  thoroughly  read  and 
digest  such  a  writer,  and  they  will  be  furnished  for  most  of  the 
calls  upon  them."— Bickersteth's  C.  8. 

Here  we  must  conclude,  not  from  paucity  of  matter,  but 
narrowness  of  space.  The  similarity  between  Jeremy 
Taylor  and  Bishop  Hall  has  not  escaped  the  eye  of  criti 
cism.  A  late  eminent  authority  happily  defines  the  points 
of  likeness  and  contrast : 

"A  writer  as  distinguished  in  works  of  practical  piety  was  Hall. 
His  Art  of  Divine  Meditation,  his  Contemplations,  and  indeed 
many  of  his  writings,  remind  us  frequently  of  Taylor,  Both  had 


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equally  pious  and  devotional  tempers:  both  were  full  of  learning; 
both  fertile  of  illustration ;  both  may  be  said  to  have  strong  imagi 
nation  and  poetical  genius,  though  Taylor  let  his  predominate  a 
little  more.  Taylor  is  also  rather  more  subtle  and  argumentative ; 
his  copiousness  has  more  real  variety.  Hall  keeps  more  closely  to 
his  subject,  dilates  upon  it  sometimes  more  tediously,  but  more 
appositely.  In  his  sermons  there  is  some  excess  of  quotation  and 
far-fetched  illustration,  but  less  than  in  those  of  Taylor.  In  some 
of  their  writings  these  two  great  divines  resemble  each  other,  on 
the  whole,  so  much,  that  we  might  for  a  short  time  not  discover 
which  we  were  reading.  I  do  not  know  that  any  third  writer 
comes  close  to  either." — HaUam's  Lit.  Hist,  of  Europe. 

Hall,  Joseph,  pub.  the  posthumous  Works  of  Rev. 
Jeremiah  Seed,  Lon.,  1750,  2  vols.  8vo. 

Hall,  Mrs.  Louisa  Jane,  a  daughter  of  Dr.  James 
Park,  of  Newburyport,  Mass.,  was  born  in  that  city,  Feb. 
7,  1802.  In  1840  she  was  married  to  the  Rev.  Edward  B. 
Hall,  a  Unitarian  minister  of  Providence,  Rhode  Island. 
Mrs.  Hall  has  attained  considerable  reputation  as  the 
author  of  Miriam,  a  Dramatic  Poem,  illustrative  of  the 
early  conflicts  of  the  Christian  Church.  Although  partly 
written  in  1825,  and  completed  not  long  after  this  date,  it 
was  not  pub.  till  1837.  In  1828  she  gave  to  the  world 
Joanna  of  Naples,  an  Historical  Tale,  in  prose ;  and  has 
also  pub.  a  Life  of  Elizabeth  Carter,  and  contributed  to 
the  periodicals  of  the  day.  Few  American  poetical  compo 
sitions  have  been  more  highly  commended  than  Mrs.  Hall's 
Miriam.  See  Griswold's  Female  Poets  of  America;  Mrs. 
Hale's  Records  of  Woman ;  Duyckincks'  Cyc.  of  Amer. 
Lit. ;  Article  by  Mrs.  E.  F.  Ellet  on  The  Female  Poets  of 
America,  in  N.  Amer.  Rev.,  Ixviii.  434,  435. 

Hall,  Marshall,  M.D.,  d.  1857.  Principles  of  the 
Theory  and  Practice  of  Medicine,  Lon.,  1837,  8vo.  Amer. 
ed.,  by  Drs.  J.  Bigelow  and  0.  W.  Holmes,  Bosk,  1839,  8vo. 
Also  Lectures  and  Memoirs  on  the  Nervous  System,  and 
other  valuable  professional  works.  He  visited  the  United 
States  in  1853  and  '54,  and  pub.  The  Twofold  Slavery  of 
the  United  States. 

Hall,  Mrs.  Matthew.  Lives  of  the  Queens  of  Eng 
land  before  the  Norman  Conquest,  Lon.,  1 854,  2  vols.  p.  8vo. 

"  We  have  no  doubt  that  many  innocent  people  will  fill  up  one 
end  of  the  shelves  which  contain  their  Lives  of  the  Queens  with 
this  suppositious  preface  and  introduction  to  them.  But  it  is  a 
pure  delusion ;  and  we  beg  to  assure  all  well-intentioned  persons 
that  Sir  E.  B.  Lytton's  Harold  contains  a  hundred  fold  more  of 
real  historical  information  about  the  early  Saxon  Princesses  than 
they  will  find  in  the  empty  and  pretentious  pages  of  the  Queens 
before  the  Conquest;  where  Edith  the  Good  and  Edith  the  Fair 
come  in  after  all  the  Cartismanduas,  Guenevers,  and  look  as  life 
less  and  as  mythical  as  they."— Blackwootf s  Mag.,  Oct.  1855. 

Hall,  Rev.  Newman.  1.  Life  of  Win.  Gordon,  M.D. 
See  the  name,  and  that  of  GODMAN,  JOHN  D.,  M.D.  2.  Come 
to  Jesus.  New  ed.,  Lon.,  1854,  12ino.  This  little  book 
has  reached  its  fifty-fourth  thousand.  3.  Follow  Jesus. 
New  ed.,  1854,  18mo.  4.  It  is  I.  5.  Italy,  the  Land  of 
the  Forum  and  the  Vatican,  1853,  fp.  8vo. 

Hall,  P.  W.     Revealed  Law,  Ac.,  1792,  8vo. 

Hall,  Peter,  1803-1849,  Rector  of  Milston,  Wilts, 
educated  at  Winchester  Coll.  and  at  Brasenose  Coll.,  Ox 
ford,  edited  the  Works  of  his  ancestor,  Bishop  Joseph  Hall, 
and  pub.  a  number  of  theological,  topographical,  and  other 
works,  for  an  account  of  which  see  London  Gent.  Mag., 
Nov.  1849.  Among  the  most  valuable  of  his  works  are 
Reliquiae  Liturgiae,  1847,  5  vols.  18mo,  and  Fragmenta 
Liturgica,  1848,  7  vols.  18mo.  At  the  time  of  his  death 
he  was  engaged  in  the  compilation  of  another  collection 
of  pieces  of  a  liturgical  character,  to  be  entitled  Monu- 
menta  Liturgica.  Mr.  Hall  pub.  in  1841,  8vo,  a  new  Eng 
lish  ed.  of  that  valuable  work,  The  Harmony  of  the  Pro 
testant  Confessions.  This  work  was  first  pub.  in  Latin,  at 
Geneva,  1581,  4to;  then  in  English,  at  Cambridge,  1586, 
12mo ;  again,  Lon.,  1643,  4to.  These  edits,  have  become 
excessively  rare,  and  Mr.  Hall's  reprint  deserves  great 
commendation. 

"I  recommend  the  Confession  of  Faith  of  the  Church  of  Saxony, 
with  the  elucidations  on  particular  points  to  be  found  in  the 
works  of  P.  Melancthon."— BISHOP  HORSLEY. 

Hall,  R.  G.     1.  Law  rel.  to  Trust  Terms,  Ac.,  Lon., 

?20,  8vo.  2.  Rights  of  the  Crown  on  the  Sea-shores, 
1830,  8vo. 

Hall,  Richard.  A  Library  of  Divinity;  or,  Select 
Extracts  from  Sundry  Old  and  Eminent  Divines,  Lon. 

Hall,  Richard,  D.D.,  d.  1604,  R.  Catholic  professor 
at  Douay,  was  educated  at  Christ  College,  Cambridge. 
He  pub.  some  controversial  tracts,  but  is  best  known  as 
the  author  of  The  Life  and  Death  of  John  Fisher  Bishop 
of  Rochester,  Lon.,  1653,  8vo,  which  goes  under  the  name 
of  its  editor,  Thomas  Bayly,  subdean  of  Wells.  Another 
ed.  was  pub.  in  1739,  12mo,  edited  by  Coxeter.  Hall's 
life  of  Fisher  is  much  esteemed;  but  we  have  a  recent 
biography  of  this  distinguished  prelate  by  the  Rev.  John 


Lewis.  See  FISHER,  JOHN.  Respecting  Dr.  Richard  Hall, 
see  Dodd's  Church  Hist.;  Cole's  MS.  Athense,  in  Brit. 
Museum. 

Hall,  Richard.  Hist,  of  Barbadoes,  1643-1762, 1765. 

Hall,  Robert.     See  HEYLIN,  PETER,  D.D. 

Hall,  Robert.  1.  Serm.,  1713,  8vo.  2.  Four  Serms. 
3.  12  Serms.  on  the  Apostles'  Creed. 

Hall,  Robert.     The  Old  Quizzes;  a  Musical  Farce. 

1779,  12mo. 

Hall,  Robert,  d.  1791,  father  of  the  celebrated  Ro 
bert  Hall,  chosen  pastor  of  a  Baptist  congregation  at 
Arnsby,  Leicestershire,  1753.  Help  to  Zion's  Travellers, 
Bristol,  1781,  18mo;  2d  ed.,  Lon.,  1807,  ISmo. 

"  It  well  deserves  the  title."— BickerstetWs  C.  S. 

For  an  account  of  Mr.  Hall  see  a  biographical  notice  in 
the  Works  of  his  son,  Robert  Hall. 

Hall,  Robert,  M.D.,  1763-1824,  an  army  and  navy 
surgeon,  subsequently  resided  at  Jedburgh  and  in  London. 
He  pub.  a  trans,  of  Spallanzani's  Experiments  on  the 
Circulation  of  the  Blood,  Lon.,  1801,  8vo,  and  other  pro 
fess,  treatises.  See  Watt's  Bibl.  Brit. ;  Georgian  Era,  ii.  585. 

Hall,  Robert,  1764-1831,  one  of  the  most  eminent 
of  modern  divines,  a  native  of  Arnsby,  in  Leicestershire, 
where  his  father  was  settled  as  pastor  to  a  congregation 
of  Baptists.  At  a  very  early  age  he  gave  evidence  of  un 
common  genius,  which  will  readily  be  admitted  when  we 
are  assured  upon  undoubted  authority  that 

"  Before  he  was  nine  years  of  age  he  had  perused  and  reperused, 
with  intense  interest,  the  treatises  of  that  profound  and  extra 
ordinary  thinker,  Jonathan  Edwards,  on  the  '  Affections'  and  on 
the  '  Will.'  About  the  same  time  he  read,  with  a  like  interest, 
'  Butler's  Analogy.'  Before  he  was  ten  years  old  he  had  written 
many  essays,  principally  on  religious  subjects,  and  often  invited 
his  brothers  and  sisters  to  hear  him  preach." — Dr.  Olinthus  Gre 
gory's  Memoir. 

He  was  placed  in  the  academy  of  Mr.  John  Ryland,  of 
Northampton,  and  afterwards  removed  to  the  institution 
at  Bristol  connected  with  the  Particular  Baptists.  In 

1780,  at  the  early  age  of  sixteen,  he  was  "set  apart"  by 
his  father  and  some  other  members  of  the  Baptist  commu 
nion  for  "public  employ"  as  a  preacher  of  the  word.     In 
little  more  than  a  year  after  this  ceremony  Robert  was 
sent  to  King's  College,  Aberdeen,  where  he  formed  a  close 
intimacy  with  Mr. — afterwards  Sir  James — Mackintosh. 
Sir  James  said  he  became  attached  to  Robert  Hall  "  be 
cause  he  could  not  help  it." 

"  They  read  together;  they  sat  together  at  lecture,  if  possible; 
they  walked  together.  In  their  joint  studies  they  read  much  of 
Xenophon  and  Herodotus,  and  more  of  Plato;  and  so  well  was  all 
this  known,  exciting  admiration  in  some,  in  others  envy,  that  it 
was  not  unusual,  as  they  went  along,  for  their  class-fellows  to 
point  at  them  and  say, '  There  go  Plato  and  Herodotus.'  .  .  .  There 
was  scarcely  an  important  position  in  Berkeley's  Minute  Philoso 
pher,  in  Butler's  Analogy,  or  in  Edwards  on  the  Will,  over  which 
they  had  not  debated  with  the  utmost  intensity." 

In  1783  Mr.  Hall  accepted  an  invitation  from  the  church 
at  Broadmead  to  associate  himself  with  Dr.  Caleb  Evans 
as  the  assistant  pastor.  His  first  serin,  had  been  preached, 
when  only  sixteen  years  of  age,  to  a  congregation  of  minis 
ters,  and  we  are  told  that  in  the  elucidation  of  his  text, 
"God  is  light,  and  in  Him  is  no  darkness  at  all,"  he 
treated  "this  mysterious  and  awful  subject  with  such 
metaphysical  acumen,  and  drew  from  it  such  an  impres 
sive  application,  as  excited  the  deepest  interest."  We 
need  not  be  surprised,  therefore,  that,  after  three  years' 
intense  application  to  metaphysics  and  studious  perusal 
of  the  best  pulpit  models,  he  produced  such  an  impression 
on  his  auditors  as  to  "  crowd  the  place  of  worship  to 
excess."  In  1791  Mr.  Hall  assumed  the  pastoral  charge 
of  the  Baptist  congregation  at  Cambridge,  in  which  im 
portant  post  he  succeeded  the  unhappy  Mr.  Robinson. 
Mr.  Hall's  devotion  to  study  was  carried  to  an  excess 
which  resulted  in  the  most  painful  consequences. 

"Often  has  he  been  known  to  sit  close  at  his  reading,  or  yet 
more  intensely  engaged  in  abstract  thought,  for  more  than  twelve 
hours  in  the  day;  so  that,  when  one  or  two  of  his  kind  friends 
have  called  upon  him,  in  the  hope  of  drawing  him  from  his  solitude, 
-they  have  found  him  in  such  a  state  of  nervous  excitement  as  led 
them  to  unite  their  efforts  in  persuading  him  to  take  some  mild 
narcotic  and  retire  to  rest.  The  painful  result  may  be  anticipated. 
This  noble  mind  lost  its  equilibrium ;  and  he  who  had  so  long  been 
the  theme  of  universal  admiration  now  became  the  subject  of  as 
extensive  a  sympathy.  This  event  occurred  in  November,  1804. 
Mr.  Hall  was  placed  under  the  care  of  Dr.  Arnold,  of  Leicester, 
whose  attention,  with  the  blessing  of  God.  in  about  two  months, 
restored  him  both  to  mental  and  bodily  health." 

But  it  is  painful  to  add  that,  in  about  twelve  months 
from  this  time,  "  sleepless  nights,  habitual  exclusion  from 
society,  a  complete  self-absorption,"  and  the  incessant 
struggle  between  a  sense  of  duty  and  a  proper  regard  to 
his  health,  produced  a  recurrence  of  mental  derangement. 
The  judicious  measures  of  Dr.  Cox,  with  the  Divine  aid, 


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Boon  restored  the  "  complete  balance  of  his  mental  powers." 
It  was  considered  necessary,  however,  that  he  should  re 
sign  the  charge  of  his  congregation  at  Cambridge,  and  for 
a  year  at  least  seek  retirement  and  avoid  all  mental  ex 
citement.  A  connexion  was  thus  terminated  which  had 
subsisted  for  fifteen  years. 

In  about  two  years  from  this  time  he  felt  himself  suffi 
ciently  re-established  in  health  to  take  charge  of  a  congre 
gation  in  Harvey  Lane,  Leicester,  where  he  was  married 
in  March,  1808. 

"  The  people  are  a  simple-hearted,  affectionate,  praying  people, 
to  whom  I  preach  with  more  pleasure  than  to  the  more  refined 
audience  at  Cambridge." — Letter  to  Dr.  Ryland. 

He  little  foresaw  that  he  would  be  the  successor  of  the 
friend  to  whom  this  letter  was  written  ;  but  such  was  the 
fact.  Dr.  Ryland  "entered  into  rest"  in  1825,  and  in  the 
next  year  Mr.  Hall  resigned  his  post  at  Leicester,  which 
he  had  occupied  for  nearly  twenty  years,  and  returned, 
after  an  interval  of  forty-five,  to  the  scene  of  his  first  con 
tinuous  labours,  the  church  at  Broadmead,  Bristol. 

"  Some  of  the  friends  of  his  early  life  still  survived  to  welcome 
his  return  among  them;  and  many  others,  who  had  profited  by 
his  pulpit  exertions  on  his  periodical  visits  to  Bristol,  congratu 
lated  themselves  that  he  to  whom,  under  God,  they  owed  so  much, 
had  become  their  pastor." 

His  separation  from  his  flock  at  Leicester,  among  whom 
he  had  gone  in  and  out  for  almost  twenty  years,  was  truly 
affecting. 

"The  day  of  separation — the  last  sacrament-Sabbath — was  a 
day  of  anguish  to  him  and  them,  of  which  I  shall  not  attempt  the 
description.  Suffice  it  to  say,  that  he  went  through  the  ordinary 
public  duties  of  the  day  with  tolerable  composure;  but  at  the 
sacramental  service  he  strove  in  vain  to  conceal  his  emotion.  In 
one  of  his  addresses  to  the  members  of  the  church,  on  adverting 
to  the  pain  of  separation  he  was  so  much  affected  that  he  sat 
down,  covered  his  lace  with  his  hands,  and  wept;  they,  sharing  in 
his  distress,  gave  unequivocal  signs  of  the  deepest  feeling.  Mr. 
Eustace  Carey,  who  was  present,  continued  the  devotional  part  of 
the  service  until  Mr.  Hall  was  sufficiently  recovered  to  proceed. 
At  the  close  of  the  solemnity  the  weeping  became  again  universal, 
and  they  parted,  '  sorrowing  most  of  all  that  they  should  see  his 
face  no  more.' " — DR.  GREGORY. 

Mr.  Hall  continued  actively  engaged  in  the  discharge 
of  ministerial  duty  at  Bristol  until  February  12,  1831, 
when  he  was  attacked  by  a  severe  complaint  in  the  chest, 
which  terminated  fatally  on  the  21st  of  the  same  month. 
He  died  "the  death  of  the  righteous,"  and  was  never 
greater  than  in  that  last  scene,  which  so  often  evinces  at 
the  same  time  the  weakness  of  human  nature  and  the  efii- 
cacy  of  that  strength  wherewith  God  endues  the  souls  of 
his  faithful  children.  "  Over  such  the  second  death  hath 
no  power,"  and  the  pangs  of  the  first  are  swallowed  up  in 
the  foretaste  of  that  exceeding  glory  -which  "  God  hath 
prepared  for  them  who  love  him." 

A  friend  remarked  to  the  dying  believer,  "This  God 
will  be  our  God!"  "Yes,  He  will,"  was  the  reply;  "He 
will  be  our  guide  even  unto  death."  Surely 

"  The  chamber  where  the  good  man  meets  his  fate 
Is  privileged  beyond  the  common  walks  of  life." 

In  the  controversy  excited  by  the  French  Revolution 
of  1789  Mr.  Hall  was  induced  to  take  a  part.  He  after 
wards  regretted  that  he  was  so  much  under  the  influence 
of  the  general  excitement  as  to  be  drawn  aside  from  his 
higher  obligations.  To  use  his  own  words — 

"The  Christian  ministry  is  in  danger  of  losing  something  of  its 
energy  and  sanctity  by  embarking  on  the  stormy  element  of  po 
litical  debate." 

The  principal  works  of  this  eminent  writer  and  orator 
were  as  follows : — 1.  Christianity  consistent  with  a  Love 
of  Freedom ;  being  an  Answer  to  a  Sermon  by  the  Rev. 
John  Clayton,  Lon.,  1791.  Mr.  Hall  never  would  consent 
to  the  republication  of  this  essay.  The  principles  he  con 
sidered  correct,  but  he  regretted  the  tone  of  animadver 
sion  as  "  severe,  sarcastic,  and  unbecoming." 

"It  contains  some  powerful  reasoning,  as  well  as  some  splendid 


2.  Apology  for  the  Freedom  of  the  Press,  1793. 

"  I  went  home  to  my  lodgings  and  began  to  write  immediately ; 
sat  up  all  night,  and,  wonderful  for  me,  kept  up  the  intellectual 
ferment  for  almost  a  month,  and  then  the  thing  was  done." 

3.  Modern  Infidelity  Considered,  1800.    See  an  interest 
ing  account  by  Dr.  Gregory  of  the  history  of  this  sermon. 

"  I  mistake  greatly  if,  after  the  perusal  of  this  simple  narrative, 
the  reader  will  not  turn  to  the  sermon  with  additional  relish,  and 
meditate  with  augmented  pleasure  upon  the  peculiarities  of  this 
most  valuable  production  and  the  singular  character  of  its  au 
thor's  mind." 

4.  Reflections  on  War,  1802. 

"  Conscious  that  what  is  here  advanced  was  meant  neither  to 
flatter  nor  offend  any  party,  he  is  not  very  solicitous  about  those 
misconstructions  or  misinterpretations  to  which  the  purest  inten 
tions  are  exposed."— Author's  Preface. 

5.  The  Sentiments  proper  to  the  Present  Crisis,  Fast- 
day,  1803. 


"From  a  due  consideration  of  the  temper  of  the  times  he 
thought  it  expedient  to  direct  the  attention  to  what  appeared  to 
him  the  chief  source  of  public  degeneracy,  rather  than  insist  at 
large  on  particular  vices." — Author's  Preface  to  tfie  second  edition. 
6.  The  Discouragements  and  Supports  of  the  Christian 
Ministry;  a  Discourse  delivered  to  the  Rev.  James  Robin 
son  at  his  ordination.  7.  On  Terms  of  Communion  ;  with 
a  particular  view  to  the  case  of  the  Baptists  and  the  Paedo- 
baptists,  1815.  Mr.  Hall  was  a  warm  advocate  of  "  Mixed 
Communion,"  while  Mr.  Kinghorn  was  a  zealous  champion 
of  exclusion.  8.  The  Essential  Difference  between  Chris 
tian  Baptism  and  the  Baptism  of  John  more  fully  stated 
and  confirmed.  9.  A  Sermon  occasioned  by  the  death  of 
her  late  Royal  Highness  the  Princess  Charlotte  of  Wales, 
1817  ;  6th  ed.  pub.  in  1818.  Mr.  Hall  preached  three  ser 
mons  on  this  occasion,  of  which  many  of  the  auditors  affirm 
the  one  published  was  by  no  means  the  best. 

"  It  by  universal  acknowledgment  bore  the  palm  above  all  the 
numerous  valuable  sermons  that  were  then  published.  ...  In 
felicity  of  diction,  in  delicacy  and  pathos,  in  the  rich  variety  of 
most  exquisite  and  instructive  trains  of  thought,  in  their  cogent 
application  to  truths  of  the  utmost  moment,  in  the  masterly  com 
bination  of  what  in  eloquence,  philosophy,  and  religion  was  best 
calculated  to  make  a  permanent  and  salutary  impression,  this  ser 
mon  probably  stands  unrivalled." 

So  great  was  his  reputation  as  a  preacher,  that  some 
persons  were  in  the  habit  of  travelling  two  nights,  coming 
and  returning,  for  the  pleasure  of  hearing  him  on  Sunday. 
His  friend,  Dr.  Gregory,  gives  us  a  graphic  account  of  one 
of  these  occasions : 

"  From  the  commencement  of  his  discourse,  an  almost  breathless 
silence  prevailed,  deeply  impressive  and  solemnizing  from  its  singu 
lar  intenseness.  Not  a  sound  was  heard  but  that  of  the  preachers 
voice — scarcely  an  eye  but  was  fixed  upon  him — not  a  countenance 
that  he  did  not  watch,  and  read,  and  interpret,  as  he  surveyed 
them  again  and  again  with  his  rapid,  ever-excursive  glance.  As 
he  advanced  and  increased  in  animation,  five  or  six  of  the  auditors 
would  be  seen  to  rise  and  lean  forward  over  the  front  of  their  pews, 
still  keeping  their  eyes  upon  him.  Some  new  or  striking  sentiment 
or  expression  would,  in  a  few  minutes,  cause  others  to  rise  in  like 
manner:  shortly  afterwards  still  more,  and  so  on,  until,  long  be 
fore  the  close  of  the  sermon,  it  often  happened  that  a  considerable 
portion  of  the  congregation  were  seen  standing, — every  eye  directed 
to  the  preacher,  yet  now  and  then  for  a  moment  glancing  from  one 
to  the  other,  thus  transmitting  and  reciprocating  thought  and 
feeling :— Mr.  Hall  himself,  though  manifestly  absorbed  in  his 
subject,  conscious  of  the  whole,  receiving  new  animation  from 
what  he  thus  witnessed,  reflecting  it  back  upon  those  who  were 
already  alive  to  the  inspiration,  until  all  that  were  susceptible  of 
thought  and  emotion  seemed  wound  up  to  the  utmost  limit  of 
elevation  on  earth, — when  he  would  close,  and  they  reluctantly 
resume  their  seats." 

With  this  lifelike  picture  of  preacher  and  congregation 
fresh  in  their  minds,  let  our  readers  peruse  the  Sermon  on 
the  death  of  the  Princess  Charlotte,  or  that  entitled  "  The 
Lamb  of  God,"  and  imagine  such  a  discourse  so  delivered, 
and  they  will  not  marvel  when  told  that  when  Robert  Hall 
preached  "the  place  of  worship  was  crowded  to  excess," 
and  that  men  considered  the  hearing  of  one  sermon  cheaply 
purchased  by  the  loss  of  two  nights'  rest.  A  writer  in 
"  The  Pulpit,"  who  enjoyed  the  privilege  of  hearing  Mr. 
Hall's  sermon  on  the  "  Power  of  God,"  thus  describes  it : 
"  It  was,  without  exception,  the  most  wonderful  sermon  I  ever 
heard.  Every  quality  which  could  have  been  called  into  exercise 
on  such  an  occasion  seemed  concentrated  in  this  one  sermon.  Pro 
foundly  metaphysical,  without  bewildering  himself  or  his  hearers, 
and  elegant  without  the  shadow  of  affectation — rapid  in  delivery, 
without  confusion — energetic,  without  rant — devout,  without  en 
thusiasm — commanding,  without  austerity — affectionate,  without 
cant — argumentative,  without  pedantry ;  the  whole  effect  was  be 
yond  what  it  is  possible  to  conceive  of  pulpit  eloquence." 

Another  writer  gives  us  a  speaking  picture  of  this  great 
orator : 

"  His  figure  was  not  commanding ;  the  general  cast  of  his  coun 
tenance  was  heavy ;  his  voice  was  feeble  and  tremulous,  and  in 
capable,  in  itself,  of  expressing  or  conveying  any  deep  emotion. 
About  action  or  gesture  he  was  perfectly  indifferent ;  he  usually 
began  in  so  low  a  tone  as  to  be  scarcely  audible  ;  and  preserved,  to 
the  last,  one  fixed,  though  unconstrained,  position.  As  he  was 
warmed  with  his  subject,  his  countenance  became  animated,  and 
his  voice,  still  retaining  its  character  of  breezy  softness,  swelled 
into  a  volume  of  delightful  melody.  While  he  was  preaching, 
such  was  the  unassuming  simplicity  of  his  style  and  manner,  and 
natural  fervour  with  which  he  carried  his  hearers  along,  that  they 
entirely  lost  sight  of  the  man  for  the  moment.  As  he  approached 
the  end  of  his  discourse,  he  became  peculiarly  animated,  though 
not  declamatory,— his  audience  were  interested,  and,with  a  rapidity 
of  utterance  which  fixed  the  reporter,  like  a  statue,  in  admiration, 
and  frequently  defied  all  attempts  at  writing,  he  poured  forth  the 
various  stores  of  his  vast  imagination,  and  produced  an  effect  of 
which  few  can  conceive  who  have  not  witnessed  it  themselves." 
Mr.  Bosworth  tells  us 

"When  he  began,  he  was  usually  calm  and  collected;  speaking 
in  a  low  tone,  and  looking  onward  as  he  went,  as  if  to  survey  afre&h 
the  region  of  thought  he  was  about  to  traverse,  but  not  often  giv 
ing  an  indication  of  those  torrents  of  eloquence  that  were  soon  to 
be  poured  from  his  lips.  Sometimes,  at  the  commencement,  he 
hesitated,  and  seemed  perplexed,  as  if  dissatisfied  with  what  he 
had  intended  to  say;  at  others,  when  he  was  about  to  establish  a 

765 


HAL 


HAL 


truth  or  enforce  a  general  principle,  he  would  enter  upon  a  course 
of  clear  and  powerful  reasoning,  rendered  equally  attractive  and 
astonishing  by  the  delectable  purity  and  beauty  of  his  style.  In 
this  latter  case,  his  sentences  were  finished  with  such  exquisite 
care,  that  he  appeared  to  have  selected,  not  merely  the  most  appro 
priate,  but  the  only,  words  which  served  his  purpose,  and  yet 
delivered  with  such  freedom  and  ease,  that  they  seemed  the  first 
which  came  into  his  mind.  As  he  proceeded,  he  increased  m  ani 
mation  and  strength  of  utterance :  in  the  application  of  the  prin 
ciples  he  had  advanced,  or  the  doctrine  he  had  discussed,  he  grew 
more  intense  and  ardent ;  and  when  he  had  risen  to  a  certain  pitch 
of  holy  excitement,  his  brow  would  expand,  his  countenance 
brighten,  and,  drawing  back  his  majestic  form  in  the  pulpit,  he 
would  come  forward  again,  charged  with  the  fulness  of  his  mes- 
sa^e  to  his  hearers,  and  address  them  in  tones  and  language  which 
made  every  heart  vibrate.  But  it  was  not  with  his  lips  only  that 
he  spoke — his  eloquence  was  more  intellectual  and  spiritual  than 
audible  sounds  could  make  it.  His  speaking  eye  told  volumes : 
whether  beaming  with  benignity,  or  blazing  with  intense  and  hal 
lowed  feeling,  that  eye  indicated  sentiments  and  emotions  which 
words  were  not  made  to  express." 

"  The  richness,  variety,  and  extent  of  his  knowledge  are  not  so 
remarkable  as  his  absolute  mastery  over  it.  He  moves  about  in 
the  loftiest  sphere  of  contemplation,  as  though  he  were  '  native 
and  endued  to  its  element.'  He  uses  the  finest  classical  allusions, 
the  noblest  images,  and  the  most  exquisite  words,  as  though  they 
were  those  which  came  first  to  his  mind,  and  which  formed  his 
natural  dialect.  There  is  not  the  least  appearance  of  straining 
after  greatness  in  his  most  magnificent  excursions,  but  he  rises  to 
the  loftiest  heights  with  a  childlike  ease.  His  style  is  one  of  the 
clearest  and  simplest— the  least  encumbered  with  its  own  beauty 
— of  any  which  ever  has  been  written."— From  a  paper  by  Sir  T. 
N.  Talfourd,  on  Pulpit  Oratory,  in  the  London  Magazine,  February, 
1821,  and  quoted  in  "The  Georgian  Era,''  i.  465,  466. 
A  clerical  critic  tells  us  that, 

"Although  Mr.  Hall  possessed  considerable  learning,  he  rarely 
displayed  it;  generally  preferring  the  most  simple  phrases  he  could 
select,  to  express  his  meaning,  to  those  of  a  less  familiar  or  more 
ambitious  class.  On  one  occasion,  being  called  upon  to  conclude 
a  service  with  prayer,  after  a  sermon  by  Dr.  Chalmers,  who  had 
been  even  more  than  ordinarily  brilliant,  he  clothed  his  address 
to  the  Deity  with  such  affecting  plainness  of  style,  that  the  con 
gregation,  who  had  been  wrought  up  to  a  painful  pitch  of  admira 
tion  by  the  dazzling  eloquence  of  the  preacher,  felt  a  delightful 
repose  in  the  chaste,  natural,  tender  simplicity  of  language  in 
which  Mr.  Hall  embodied  his  supplications." 

The  reader  will  no  doubt  be  pleased  to  read  more  upon 
this  theme: 

"  The  bold  diction,  the  majestic  gait  of  the  sentence,  the  vivid 
illustration,  the  rebuke  which  could  scathe  the  offender,  the  burst 
of  honest  indignation  at  triumphant  vice,  the  biting  sarcasm,  the 
fervid  appeal  to  the  heart,  the  sagacious  development  of  principle, 
the  broad  field  of  moral  vision — all  these  distinguish  the  composi 
tions  of  Robert  Hall ;  and  we  bear  our  most  willing  testimony  to 
their  worth." — Lon.  Quarterly  Review. 

"  His  diction  displays  an  unlimited  command,  and  an  exquisite 
choice,  of  language.  His  copious  use  of  Scripture  phrases  bestows 
upon  his  style  an  awful  sanctity.  The  same  purity  of  taste  which 
appears  in  his  choice  of  words  is  equally  apparent  in  the  forms  of 
expression  into  which  they  are  combined.  The  turn  of  his  phrases 
is  gracefully  idiomatic.  In  the  construction  of  his  periods,  he  is, 
perhaps,  superior  to  any  other  writer.  He  seems  to  have  employed 
every  elegant  and  harmonious  form  of  which  the  language  admits ; 
always  gratifying,  often  ravishing,  the  ear,  but  never  cloying  it." 

"  The  originality  with  which  he  views  every  subject,  and  the 
master-hand  with  which  he  grasps  it,  are  altogether  very  remark 
able.  He  follows  in  no  track  of  other  men ;  neither  his  thoughts 
nor  his  language  are  borrowed.  A  prodigious  power  of  memory 
in  the  use  of  Scripture,  an  exquisite  judgment  in  the  disposition 
of  his  materials,  are  united  with  a  boldness  of  conception,  and  a 
creative  force  of  imagination,  which  stamp  an  impress  of  origi 
nality  and  independence  on  all  his  reasonings." — A  writer  in  the 
Lon.  Christian  Observer. 

"  I  cannot  do  better  than  refer  the  academic  reader  to  the  im 
mortal  works  of  Robert  Hall.  For  moral  grandeur,  for  Christian 
truth,  and  for  sublimity,  we  may  doubt  whether  they  have  their 
match  in  the  sacred  oratory  of  any  age  or  country." — Professor 
Sedgwick,  in  his  Discourse  on  the  Studies  of  the  University. 

"  The  works  of  this  great  preacher  are,  in  the  highest  sense  of 
the  term,  imaginative ;  as  distinguished  not  only  from  the  didactic, 
but  the  fanciful.  He  possesses  « the  vision  and  faculty  divine'  in 
as  high  a  degree  as  any  of  our  writers  in  prose.  His  noblest  pas 
sages  do  but  make  truth  visible  in  the  form  of  beauty,  and  '  clothe 
upon'  abstract  ideas  until  they  become  palpable  in  exquisite  shapes. 
The  dullest  writer  would  not  convey  the  same  meaning  in  so  few 
words  as  he  has  done  in  the  most  sublime  of  his  illustrations."— 
SIR  T.  N.  TALFODRD:  Pulpit  Oratory,  in  Lon.  Mag.,  Feb.  1821. 

The  same  critic  remarks  that,  in  the  Discourse  on  the 
Prospect  of  an  Invasion  by  Napoleon,  Mr.  Hall 

"  Blends  the  finest  remembrance  of  the  antique  world— the  dearest 
associations  of  British  patriotism— and  the  pure  spirit  of  the  Gospel 
—in  a  strain  as  noble  as  could  have  been  poured  out  by  Tyrtseus.' 
"  His  mind  is  little  to  be  envied,  if  from  the  perusal  of  Robert 
Hall  he  do  not  find  himself  a  more  accomplished,  a  wiser,  and  a 
better  man."— Church  of  England  Quarterly  Keview. 

"The  sermons  and  treatises  which  he  committed  to  the  press 
are  worthy  of  his  elevated  character,  and  will  ever  rank  among  the 
choicest  specimens  of  sacred  literature.  They  show  the  strength 
and  beauty  of  which  the  English  language  is  capable."— Dr.  Wil 
liams's  C.  P. 

"  The  excellence  of  Mr.  Hall  does  not  consist  in  the  predominance 
of  any  one  of  his  powers,  but  in  the  exquisite  proportion  and  har 
mony  of  all."— SIB  T.  N.  TALFOURD  :  see  ante. 

"Hall,  the  most  distinguished  ornament  of   the  Calvinisti 
766 


dissenters,  has  long  been  justly  ranked  with  the  highest  of  our 
classics.  His  sermons  are  admirable  specimens  of  pulpit  eloquence, 
not  to  be  surpassed  in  the  whole  compass  of  British  theology. 
Those  which  received  the  author's  own  imprimatur  are  vastly  su- 
>erior  to  any  that  are  either  taken  from  his  MSS.  or  supplied  from 
he  notes  of  short-hand  writers." — Lowndes's  Brit.  Lib. 

We  quote  some  comparisons  instituted  between  Hall  and 
other  writers.  On  these  expressed  opinions  we  forbear  to 
make  any  comment.  Some  of  our  readers  will  unhesi 
tatingly  concur  with  them ;  others  will  qualify,  and  not  a 
*ew  stoutly  contest  them. 

"  Hall's  style  is  as  purely  English  as  Addison's,  without  its  oc 
casional  inaccuracy  and  pervading  fulness;  as  energetic  as  War- 
jurton's,  without  his  coarseness,  and,  we  may  add,  as  classical  as 
Burke's,  without  his  pomp  and  artificial  ness." — Lon.  Eclectic  Rev. 
for  1832. 

"He  is  more  massive  than  Addison,  more  easy  and  uncon 
strained  than  Johnson,  more  sober  than  Burke." — Lon.  Quar. 
Rev. 

Hear  Dugald  Stewart,  in  the  same  strain : 
"  Whoever  wishes  to  see  the  English  language  in  its  perfection 
must  read  the  writings  of  that  great  divine,  Robert  Hall.     He 
combines  the  beauties  of  Johnson,  Addison,  and  Burke,  without 
;heir  imperfections." 

For  Hall's  opinion  of  Dugald  Stewart,  see  Memoir  by 
Dr.  Gregory :  we  have  not  room  for  an  extract  here.  If 
these  criticisms  savour  of  extravagance,  we  think  the  one 
subjoined  hardly  does  Mr.  Hall  justice  : 

"  Hall  is,  even  in  print,  much  of  the  orator;  although  his  lan 
guage,  with  all  its  richness,  betrays,  in  his  published  writings, 
symptoms  of  anxious  elaboration.  Probably  there  could  not  be 
cited  from  him  any  thing  equal  in  force  or  originality  to  some 
passages  of  Foster's,  but  it  would  still  more  certainly  be  impossible 
to  detect  him  indulging  in  feeble  commonplaces." — SPALDING: 
Hist,  of  Eng.  Lit. 

An  ardent  admirer  of  Hall  declares  that 
"  He  had  the  intellect  of  an  angel,  the  piety  of  a  saint,  and  the 
humility  of  a  worm." 

"  One  of  the  most  able  of  modern  writers,  with  a  clear,  argu 
mentative,  powerful,  masculine  mind,  and  a  correct  statement  of 
evangelical  truth;  .  .  .  of  similar  views  in  general  doctrine  to  Scott 
and  Fuller.  ...  A  powerful  and  faithful  writer,  excepting  his 
political  pamphlets,  which  are  a  beacon  to  warn  ministers  from 
such  subjects.  ...  A  remarkable  vigour  of  intellect  and  power 
of  language  distinguish  his  writings." — Bicker steWs  C.  S. 

"In  his  higher  flights,  what  he  said  of  Burke  might,  with  the 
slightest  deduction,  be  applied  to  himself,  '  that  his  imperial  fancy 
laid  all  nature  under  tribute,  and  collected  riches  from  every 
scene  of  the  Creation  and  every  walk  of  art;'  [see  BURKE,  in  this 
volume,]  and  at  the  same  time,  that  could  be  affirmed  of  Mr.  Hall 
which  could  not  be  affirmed  of  Mr.  Burke, — that  he  never  fatigued 
and  oppressed  by  gaudy  and  superfluous  imagery.  ...  His  inex 
haustible  variety  augmented  the  general  effect.  The  same  images, 
the  same  illustrations,  scarcely  ever  recurred." — DR.  GREGORY. 

"  It  is  to  be  observed  that  imagination  had  always  been  a  sub 
ordinate  faculty  in  his  mental  constitution.  It  was  never  of  that 
prolific  power  which  threw  so  vast  profusion  over  the  oratory  of 
Jeremy  Taylor  or  of  Burke ;  or  which  could  tempt  him  to  revel, 
for  the  pure  indulgence  of  the  luxury,  as  they  appear  to  have 
sometimes  done,  in  the  exuberance  of  imaginative  genius.  As  a 
preacher,  none  of  his  contemporaries  who  have  not  seen  him  in 
the  pulpit,  or  of  his  readers  in  another  age,  will  be  able  to  con 
ceive  an  adequate  idea  of  Mr.  Hall.  ...  He  displayed  in  a  most 
eminent  degree  the  rare  excellence  of  a  perfect  conception  and 
expression  of  every  thought,  however  rapid  the  succession."— 
JOHN  FOSTER. 

"We  know  no  one  whose  style  is  so  strictly  after  the  classic 
model.  Like  the  ancient  statuary,  its  high  finish  proves  that  it 
must  have  been  elaborated;  but  all  art  is'hidden."— A  contributor 
to  the  Church  of  Ireland  Mag. 

"  His  published  sermons  will  always  be  ranked  amongst  the 
finest  specimens  of  pulpit  eloquence  ever  given  to  the  world.  And 
yet  the  unanimous  testimony  of  all  who  heard  him  is  that  his 
discourses  when  spoken  in  the  fervid  glow  of  imagination  and 
when  the  mind  was  full  of  the  subject,  were  far  superior  to  what 
was  afterwards  recorded  from  his  own  memory  or  the  notes  of 
others." — DR.  JAMIESON  :  Gyc.  of  Mod.  Rd.  Biog. 

"In  the  eloquence  of  the  pulpit,  Robert  Hall  comes  nearer 
Massillon  than  either  Cicero  or  Jischines  to  Demosthenes." — LORD 
BROUGHAM. 

See  also  an  essay  on  Pulpit  Eloquence  in  Lord  Broug 
ham's  contributions  to  the  Edin.  Review,  i.  100.  And  see1 
articles  in  the  Eclec.  Rev.,  iv.  s.  xv.  169  j  N.  Brit.  Rev., 
iv.  54;  N.  Amer.  Rev.,  Ixiv.  384.  See  also  John  Greene's 
Reminiscences  of  Robert  Hall,  and  sketches  of  his  Ser 
mons  preached  at  Cambridge  prior  to  1806,  Lon.,  1832, 
8vo;  also,  Hall's  Miscellaneous  Works  and  Remains,  1846, 
sm.  8vo,  and  Gilfillan's  1st  and  3d  Galleries  of  Literary 
Portraits. 

"  Mr.  Hall,  like  Bishop  Taylor,  has  the  eloquence  of  an  orator, 
the  fancy  of  a  poet,  the  acuteness  of  a  schoolman,  the  profound 
ness  of  a  philosopher,  and  the  piety  of  a  saint."— Dr.  Parr's 
Spital  Sermon. 

We  conclude  this  imposing  array  of  distinguished  com 
mendations  by  the  testimony  of  Hall's  attached  friend 
and  sincere  mourner,  Sir  James  Mackintosh.  From  this 
accomplished  person  a  biography  of  Hall  was  expected, 
when — "  what  shadows  we  are  !" — Sir  James  was  gathered 
to  his  fathers,  and  became  himself  the  theme  of  an  epitaph 
and  the  subject  of  the  biographer's  pen ! 


HAL 

«  His  sermons  are  distinguished  by  solid  and  profound  philo-  j 
sophy.  and  breathe  a  spirit  of  humility,  piety,  and  charity,  worthy  I 
of  that  pure  and  divine  religion  to  the  defence  of  which  the  | 
author  has  consecrated  his  talents.  His  eloquence  is  of  the  highest 
order,  the  natural  effusion  of  a  fertile   imagination  and  of  an  i 
ardent  mind,  while  his  style  is  easy,  various,  and  animated.    On 
a  review  of  all  his  various  excellencies,  we  cannot  but  expect  with  I 
confidence  that  the  name  of  Robert  Hall  will  be  placed  by  pos 
terity  among  the  best  writers  of  the  age,  as  well  as  the  most 
vigorous  defenders  of  religious  truth,  and  the  brightest  examples 
of  Christian  charity." 

There  have  been  several  publications  of  portions  of  Hall  a 
•works,  and  a  number  of  collective  editions.  Works,  with 
a  Memoir  of  the  author  by  Dr.  0.  Gregory,  and  Observa 
tions  on  his  character  as  a  preacher,  by  John  Foster,  Lon., 
1831-33,  6  vols.  Svo  j  1839,  6  vols.  8vo  ;  1845,  6  vols.  8vo ; 
1846,  6  vols.  fp.  Svo;  llth  ed.,  1853,  6  vols.  Svo.  Con 
tents  :  Vol.  I.  Sermons  j  Charges ;  Circular-Letters.  II. 
Works  on  terms  of  Communion,-  Difference  between 
Christian  Baptism  and  the  Baptism  of  John ;  Reply  to 
Kinghorn,  being  a  Further  Vindication  of  Free  Com 
munion.  III.  Christianity  Consistent  with  Love  of  Free 
dom  ,•  Apology  for  the  Freedom  of  the  Press ;  On  the 
renewal  of  the  Charter  of  the  East  India  Company ;  Ap 
peal  in  behalf  of  the  Frame-work  Knitters'  Fund ;  Reply 
to  Objections  against  this  Society ;  Slavery  in  the  West 
Indies;  Fragments;  Christian  in  opposition  to  Party 
Communion ;  Miscellaneous  Pieces.  IV.  Articles  from  the 
Eclectic  Review;  Miscellaneous  Pieces.  V.  Notes  of 
Sermons;  Letters.  VI.  Memoir  by  Gregory ;  Hall's  Cha 
racter,  by  Foster;  Sermons;  Index. 

"Are  there  any  of  you,  my  readers,  who  have  not  read  the  Life 
of  Robert  Hall  ?  If  so,  '  when  found,  make  a  note  of  it.'  Never 
mind  your  theological  opinion,  orthodox  or  heterodox — send  for 
llobert  Hall !  It  is  the  life  of  a  man  that  it  does  good  to  man 
hood  itself  to  contemplate."— £t>  E.  Bulwer  Lyttoris  Caxtons,  vol. 
ii.  p.  121. 

Hall,  S.  R.,  of  the  Seminary  for  Teachers,  Andover. 
1.  The  Instructor's  Manual,  Bost.,  1851,  16mo.  2.  Lects. 
on  Education,  Lon.,  12mo.  3.  Geography  for  Children, 
N.  York,  18mo. 

Hall,  S.  S.,  Counsellor-at-Law,  N.  Orleans.  Bliss  of 
Marriage;  or,  How  to  get  a  Rich  Wife,  N.  Orleans,1858,12mo. 

Hall,  Samuel  Carter,  editor  of  the  Art  Journal, 
b.  at  Topsham,  Devon,  in  1800,  has  edited  The  Book  of 
Gems,  The  Book  of  British  Ballads,  Royal  Gems  from  the 
Galleries  of  Europe,  Baronial  Halls,  &c.,  but  is  best  known 
by  his  share  in  an  illustrated  work  on  Ireland,  written  in 
conjunction  with  his  wife.  See  HALL,  MRS.  SAMUEL 
CARTER,  No.  11. 

"  We  may  say,  on  the  whole,  that  the  literary,  legendary,  and 
antiquarian  portions  of  the  work  are  compiled  with  laudable  dili 
gence;  the  illustrations  are,  for  the  most  part,  clear  and  interest 
ing;  and  the  statements  and  opinions  are  in  general  as  sensible, 
candid,  and  trustworthy,  as  could  be  expected  from  writers  who 
fairly  confess  their  unwillingness  to  say  any  thing  discreditable 
to  the  country  and  the  majority  of  its  people." — Lon.  Quar.  Rev., 
Sept.  1849. 

Mr.  Hall  was  formerly  the  editor  of  The  Amulet,  The 
New  Monthly  Magazine,  and  The  British  Magazine.  He 
has  assisted  Mrs.  Hall  in  several  works,  in  addition  to  the 
one  above  noticed. 

Hall,  Mrs.  Samuel  Carter,  formerly  Miss  Ann 
Maria  Fielding,  wife  of  the  preceding,  is  a  native  of 
Wexford,  Ireland,  but  removed  to  London  at  the  early  age  of 
fifteen.  As  a  graphic  delineator  of  Irish  peculiarities,  and 
a  skilful  painter  of  those  domestic  experiences  which  are 
much  alike  among  all  nations,  Mrs.  Hall  has  acquired 
great  reputation.  The  following  are  her  principal  works: 
1.  Sketches  of  Irish  Character,  1829,  r.  Svo ;  1844,  r.  Svo ; 
1846,  r.  Svo;  1849,  r.  Svo;  1854,  Svo.  2.  Chronicles  of  a 
School-Room,  1830, 12mo.  3.  Sketches  of  Irish  Character: 
Series  Second,  1831;  see  No.  1.  4.  The  Buccaneer;  a 
Novel,  1832,  3  vols.  p.  Svo  ;  1849,  fp.  Svo.  5.  Tales  of 
Woman's  Trials,  1834,  r.  Svo;  1846,  r.  Svo;  1852,  Svo. 
6.  The  Outlaw;  a  Novel,  1835,  3  vols.  p.  8vo;  1848,  fp. 
Svo.  7.  Uncle  Horace;  a  Novel,  1835,  3  vols.  p.  Svo.  8. 
Lights  and  Shadows  of  Irish  Life,  1838,  3  vols.  p.  Svo. 
9.  Marian ;  or,  A  Young  Maid's  Fortunes,  1840,  3  vols.  p. 
Svo ;  1847,  12mo.  10.  Tales  of  the  Irish  Peasantry,  1840, 
Svo.  11.  Ireland,  its  scenery,  character,  Ac.,  1841-43, 
3  vols.  imp.  Svo.  See  HALL,  SAMUEL  CARTER.  12.  The 
White  Boy ;  a  Novel,  1845,  2  vols.  p.  Svo.  13.  Midsummer 
Eve ;  a  Tale  of  Love,  1847,  Svo.  14.  Pilgrimages  to  Eng 
lish  Shrines,  1850,  Svo.  15.  Popular  Tales  and  Sketches  : 
18  Tales,  now  first  collected  for  the  "  Amusing  Library," 
1856.  As  stated  in  the  preceding  article,  Mrs.  Hall  has 
published  several  works  in  conjunction  with  her  husband. 
She  has  also  written  several  minor  dramas,  of  which  the 
first — the  French  Refugee — was  broug'ht  out  with  great 
success  in  London  in  1837.  Mrs.  Hall  has  also  been  a  large 


HAL 

contributor  to  the  periodicals  of  the  day.     We  quote  some 
opinions  respecting  the  merits  of  this  popular  writer : 

"Mrs.  Hall  has  already  shown  her  fitness  for  the  task  by  an  in 
timate  acquaintance  with  that  class  of  Irish  life  which  affords  the 
animated  portion  of  her  descriptions.  She  paints  the  peasantry 
and  working-classes  of  the  country  with  fidelity,  and  her  pen  is 
powerfully  assisted  by  the  productions  of  the  pencil  which  she 
has  called  to  her  aid."— ion.  Athenaeum:  notice  of  Sketches  of 
Irish  Character. 

"  The  Irish  Sketches  of  this  lady  resemble  considerably  Miss 
Mitford's  beautiful  English  sketches  in  Our  Village ;  but  they  are 
more  vigorous  and  picturesque,  and  bright  with  an  animated  and 
warm  nationality,  apologetic  and  defensive,  which  Miss  Mitford, 
writing  of  one  class  of  English  to  another,  had  no  occasion  to  use." 
— Blackwood's  Mag.,  vol.  Ixxvii. 

"  Mrs.  Hall  is  really  a  charming  writer ;  and  her  Irish  stories 
more  especially— not  at  all  like  Miss  Edgeworth's  Tales  or  Crofton 
Croker's  Fairy  Legends,  both  admirable  in  their  way — are  full  of 
life  and  character,  with  that  mixture  of  humour  and  pathos 
which  seems  the  native  temperament  of  the  children  of  Erin."— 
Lon.  Eclectic  Rev. 

"  In  her  Irish  stories  Mrs.  Hall  excels.  Her  rustic  maidens  are 
copied  from  the  cottage ;  nothing  can  be  more  faithful  and  lively : 
nor  are  her  hinds  and  husbandmen  any  thing  inferior.  We  no 
where  see  the  Irish  character  more  justly  or  so  pleasantly  repre 
sented.  She  sees  Nature  in  her  proper  dimensions ;  there  is  fancy, 
but  no  exaggeration,  and  life  always."— ALLAN  CUNNINGHAM  :  Biog. 
and  Crit.  Hist,  of  Lit.  of  the  Last  Fifty  Years. 

"There  is  about  them  [Tales  of  Woman's  Trials]  a  still,  and  a 
solemn,  and  a  holy,  beauty  that  is  worthy  of  the  sacred  subject 
which  they  illustrate;  and  what  subject  is  better  fitted  to  appeal 
to  every  generous  sympathy,  to  every  tender  emotion,  of  man's 
nature  ?  What  subject  better  fitted  to  be  delineated  by  woman's 
pen?"— Dubl.  Univ.  Mag.,  vii.  205-213. 

"Whatever  expectations  the  name  of  Lights  and  Shadows  of 
Irish  Life  may  excite  in  the  reader  from  its  resemblance  to  the 
name  of  the  exquisite  volumes  on  Scottish  Life  which  bear  a  simi 
lar  title,  it  is  not  too  much  to  say  they  will  be  satisfied."— Ibid- 
xii.  218-225. 

It  is  indeed  high  praise  which  has  been  awarded  to  this 
lady,  that 

"  There  is,  also,  in  every  thing  she  has  published,  the  still  higher 
merit— and  without  which  all  other  pretensions  to  praise  are  worse 
than  indifferent — of  belonging  to  the  most  unexceptionable  school 
of  morals.  She  never  tries  to  enlist  our  sympathies  on  the  side  of 
vice."— Dubl.  Univ.  Mag.,  xvi.  146-147. 

See  this  notice  of  Mrs.  Hall's  writings,  accompanied  by 
her  portrait;  see  also  same  periodical,  vols.  vii.  205-213; 
xii.  218-225 ;  xiv.  477-479.  And  see  a  notice  of  Mrs.  Hall, 
accompanied  by  a  portrait,  in  Eraser's  Mag.,  xv.  718;  Lon. 
Month  Rev.  for  May,  1831 ;  Lon.  Athenaeum,  1842,  p.  188. 

Hall,  Mrs.  Sarah,  1761-1830,  a  lady  of  great  virtues 
and  accomplishments,  a  native  of  Philadelphia,  was  a 
daughter  of  the  Rev.  John  Ewing,  D.D.,  for  many  years 
Provost  of  the  University  of  Pennsylvania  and  Pastor  of 
the  First  Presbyterian  Church  of  Philadelphia.  In  1782 
Miss  Ewing  was  married  to  Mr.  John  Hall,  of  Maryland, 
and  after  this  event  resided  alternately  in  the  latter  State 
and  in  Philadelphia,  with  the  exception  of  four  years 
passed  in  Lamberton,  New  Jersey.  Mrs.  Hall  is  best 
known  as  the  author  of  Conversations  on  the  Bible,  of 
which  four  edits,  were  pub.  in  this  country  and  one  or  two 
in  London;  1st  edit.,  1818,  ISmo.  A  2d  vol.  was  added 
and  ihe  whole  issued  in  1821,  2  vols.  ISmo ;  5th  ed.,  1837, 
12mo,  pp.  360.  This  volume  has  been  highly  commended: 

"  This  work  is  written  with  that  ease  and  simplicity  which  be 
longs  to  true  genius,  and  contains  a  fund  of  information  which 
could  only  have  been  collected  by  diligent  research  and  mature 
thought."— PROFESSOR  JOHN  S.  HART,  of  Philadelphia. 

Mrs.  Hall  was  a  contributor  to  the  Portfolio,  of  which 
her  son,  John  E.  Hall,  was  for  more  than  ten  years  the 
editor;  and  her  essays  and  criticisms  pub.  in  that  peri 
odical 

"  May  readily  be  distinguished,  as  well  by  their  vivacity  as  the 
classic  purity  of  their  diction." — MRS.  S.  J.  HALE. 

A  small  vol.,  containing  selections  from  her  miscella 
neous  writings,  was  pub.  in  Philadelphia  in  1833,  r.  ISmo, 
by  her  son,  Mr.  Harrison  Hall.  This  vol.  contains  a 
sketch  of  her  life,  to  which  we  must  refer  the  reader  for 
further  information  respecting  this  accomplished  woman, 
brilliant  writer,  and  devout  Christian.  See  also  Hart's 
Female  Prose  Writers  of  America;  Mrs.  Bale's  Records 
of  Women ;  Duyckincks'  Cyc.  of  Amer.  Lit. 

Four  of  Mrs.  Hall's  sons  form  the  subjects  of  notices  in 
this  Dictionary: — 1.  HARRISON  HALL.  2.  JUDGE  JAMES 
HALL.  3.  JOHN  E.  HALL.  4.  THOMAS  MIPFLIN  HALL. 

Hall,  Sidney.  1.  General  Atlas,  53  maps.  New  ed., 
Lon.,  1855,  foL 

"  The  best  and  most  recent  authorities  are  in  all  cases  consulted, 
and  the  maps  are  engraved  in  a  masterly  manner." — Lon.  New 
Month.  Mag. 

2.  County  Atlas.  New  ed.,  1846.  3.  Travelling  County 
Atlas,  1851. 

"The  best  we  have  seen  for  neatness,  portability,  and  clever 
engraving."—  Westminster  Rev. 

4.  First  or  Elementary  Atlas,  1849,  4to.    Mr.  Hall  en- 


HAL 

graved  the  maps  of  E.  Quin's  Historical  Atlas,  4th  ed. 
1853,  r.  4to. 

Hall,  Thomas,  1610-1665,  a  native  of  Worcester,  a 
Puritan  divine,  Curate  of  King's-Norton,  pub.  several 
theolog.  works  and  translations,  and  strictures  on  the  cus 
toms  of  the  day,  of  which  the  following  are  among  the 
best  known: — 1.  The  Loathsomeness  of  Long  Hair;  with 
an  Appendix  against  Painting,  Spots,  Naked  Backs  and 
Breasts,  &c.,  Lon.,  1654,  8vo.  2.  Vindiciae  Literarum, 
1654,  '55,  8vo.  3.  Comment,  on  the  3d  and  4th  Chap,  of 
the  2d  Epist.  of  Timothy,  1658,  fol. 

"  Elaborate  and  judicious :  the  sum  of  nigh  thirty  years'  study." 

4.  Fvnebria  Florise;  or,  The  Downfall  of  May-Games,  &c., 
1660,  '61,  4to.    5.  Comment,  on  Hosea  xiii.  12-16.   6.  Com 
ment,  on  Matt.  v.  14,  1660,  4to. 
Hall,  Thomas.     Serms.,  1742-59. 
Hall,  Thomas.    Poems,  1792,  Ac. 
Hall,  Thomas,  M.D.    Con.  to  Ann.  of  Med.,  1799, 
1800. 

Hall,  Thomas  Mifflin,  lost  at  sea  in  1828,  a  son  of 
Mrs.  Sarah  Hall,  and  a  brother  of  Harrison,  James,  and 
John  E.  Hall,  (see  ante,)  contributed  a  number  of  poetical 
and  scientific  pieces  to  The  Port-Folio. 

Hall,  Timothy,  d.  1690,  consecrated  Bishop  of  Ox 
ford,  1688.     1.  Serm.,  1684,  4to.     2.  Serm.,  1689,  4to. 
Hall,  W.     Serm.,  in  Catholick  Serms.,  ii.  183. 
Hall,  W.  J.  1.  Doctrine  of  Purgatory,  Lon.,  1843,  8vo. 
"  This  is  a  work  of  much  ability,  erudition,  and  clear  arrange 
ment, — a  most  acute,  able,  and  unsparing  exposure  of  error." — Lon. 
Churchman's  Rev. 

2.  Family  Prayers,  1847,  '48,  8vo. 
Hall,  Willard.     Laws  of  Delaware  to  1829,  inclu 
sive,  Wilming.,  1829,  8vo. 

Hall,  Wm.     To  find  the  Longitude,  Lon.,  1714,  8vo. 
Hall,  Wm.     Halo  of  the  Moon,  Trans.  Soc.  Edin., 
1796,  and  in  Nich.  Jour.,  1799. 

Hall,  Wm.  Costs  at  Law  in  Equity  and  Parl.,  Lon., 
1828,  8vo. 

Hall,  Capt.  Wm.  H.,  R.N.,  and  W.  D.  Bernard. 
The  Nemesis  in  China,  comprising  a  Hist,  of  the  War  in 
that  country ;  3d  ed.,  Lon.,  1848,  p.  8vo. 

"Captain  Hall's  narrative  of  the  services  of  the  Nemesis  is  full 
of  interest,  and  will,  we  are  sure,  be  valuable  hereafter,  as  afford 
ing  most  curious  materials  for  the  history  of  steam  navigation." — 
Lon.  Quar.  Rev. 

"This  is  the  most  important  publication  that  has  appeared 
respecting  our  late  contest  with  China."— ion.  Naval  and  Military 
Gazette. 

Hall,  Wm.  Henry,  d.  1807,  compiled  an  Encyclo 
paedia,  and  was  the  author  of  several  other  works. 

Hall,  Wm.  W.,  M.D.,  b.  1810,  at  Paris,  Kentucky, 
grad.  at  Centre  Coll.,  1830 ;  received  the  degree  of  M.D.  at 
Transylvania  Univ.,  1836.  1.  Treatise  on  Cholera,  8vo. 
2.  Bronchitis  and  Kindred  Diseases,  8th  ed.,  N.  York, 
1853,  8vo.  Dr.  Hall  is  the  editor  of  the  Journal  of  Health 
which  bears  his  name. 

II  all  am,  Arthur  Henry,  1811-1833,  a  grandson  of 
Sir  Abraham  Elton,  and  a  son  of  the  distinguished  author  of 
A  View  of  the  State  of  Europe  during  the  Middle  Ages,  &c., 
was  born  in  London,  graduated  at  Trin.  Coll.,  Cambridge, 
1832,  entered  the  Middle  Temple,  and  died  in  Germany  in 
September,  1833.  An  interesting  biographical  sketch  of  this 
gifted  young  man,  written  by  his  father,  is  prefixed  to  The 
Remains,  in  Verse  and  Prose,  of  Arthur  Henry  Hallam, 
Lon.,  1834.  Privately  printed.  Mr.  Hallam  was  betrothed 
to  a  sister  of  the  poet  Tennyson,  and  the  In  Memoriam  of 
the  latter  is  a  dirge  for  the  departed.  See  estimate  of  the 
literary  character  of  young  Hallam  in  the  North  British 
Review,  xiv.  261 ;  Lon.  Gent.  Mag.,  Oct.  1852 :  353 ;  Black- 
wood's  Mag.,  xxxviii.  738.  See  also  Lockhart's  Life  of 
Scott  for  a  specimen  of  young  Hallam's  poetical  powers. 

Hallam,  Henry,  LL.D.,  one  of  the  most  distin 
guished  of  modern  authors,  was  born  about  1778,  and  was 
educated  at  Eton  and  Oxford.  After  leaving  college  he 
settled  in  London,  which  has  ever  since  been  his  principal 
place  of  residence.  He  was  a  valued  friend  of  Sir  Walter 
Scott,  and  the  two  were  engaged  about  the  same  time  as 
contributors  to  the  Edinburgh  Review.  As  a  zealous  co- 
operator  with  William  Wilberforce  in  the  abolishment  of 
the  Slave  Trade,  Mr.  Hallam  gained  great  and  deserved 
reputation.  Mr.  Hallam  is  a  Foreign  Associate  of  the 
Institute  of  France.  In  1830  he  received  one  of  the  two 
fifty-guinea  gold  medals  instituted  by  George  IV.  for  emi 
nence  in  historical  composition.  The  other  was  awarded 
to  our  celebrated  countryman,  Washington  Irving.  Mr. 
Hallam  is  the  author  of  three  groat  works,  either  of'which 
is  of  sufficient  merit  to  confer  upon  the  author  literary 
immortality. 


HAL 

1.  View  of  the  State  of  Europe  during  the  Middle  Ages, 
Lon.,  1818,  2  vols.  4to;  10th  ed.,  1853,  3  vols.  Svo;  llth 
ed.,  1855,  3  vols.  cr.  Svo.  In  these  edits,  the  Supple 
mental  Notes  pub.  in  an  octavo  vol.  in  1848  have  been 
incorporated  with  the  original  work,  partly  at  the  foot  of 
the  pages,  partly  at  the  close  of  each  chapter. 

"  It  is  the  object  of  the  present  work  to  exhibit,  in  a  series  of 
historical  dissertations,  a  comprehensive  survey  of  the  chief  cir 
cumstances  that  can  interest  a  philosophical  inquirer  during  the 
period  usually  denominated  the  Middle  Ages.  Such  an  under 
taking  must  necessarily  fell  under  the  class  of  historical  abridg 
ments:  yet  there  will  perhaps  be  found  enough  to  distinguish  it 
from  such  as  have  already  appeared."  See  Preface  to  First  Edition. 
Mr.  Hallam's  View  comprises  the  period  from  the  middle 
of  the  fifth  to  the  end  of  the  fifteenth  century :  from  the 
establishment  of  Clovis  in  Gaul  to  the  invasion  of  Italy  by 
Charles  the  Eighth. 

"  It  would  be  difficult  to  appreciate  exactly  the  merits,  and  in 
vidious  to  point  out  the  defects,  of  the  numerous  precursors  of  Mr. 
Hallam  in  this  branch  of  historical  investigation.  It  is  sufficient 
to  remark  that  the  plan  of  his  work  is  more  extensive  than  that 
of  our  countryman,  Dr.  Itobertson,  its  arrangement  more  strictly 
historical,  its  views  more  comprehensive,  and  its  information  more 
copious  and  critical.  Mr.  Hallam  appears  to  have  bestowed  much 
time  and  reflection  on  his  subject.  ...  To  a  familiar  acquaintance 
with  the  early  chronicles  and  original  histories  of  the  Barbarians, 
Mr.  Hallam  has  added  a  diligent  examination  of  their  laws;  and 
wherever  records  throw  their  steady  and  certain  light  on  the  pro 
gress  of  events,  he  has  consulted  them  with  care.  But  it  is  not 
the  labour  and  industry  employed  by  Mr.  Hallam  in  the  composi 
tion  of  this  work,  nor  even  the  valuable  and  interesting  informa 
tion  it  contains,  that  constitute  its  chief  or  peculiar  merit.  It  is 
written  throughout  with  a  spirit  of  freedom  and  liberality  that  do 
credit  to  the  author.  A  firm  but  temperate  love  of  liberty,  an 
enlightened  but  cautious  philosophy,  form  its  distinguished  ex 
cellence.  We  never  find  the  author  attempting  to  palliate  injus 
tice  or  excuse  oppression :  and  whenever  he  treats  of  popular 
rights,  or  pronounces  on  the  contentions  of  subjects  with  their 
sovereigns,  we  meet  with  a  freedom  and  intrepidity  of  discussion 
that  remind  us  of  better  times.  But,  though  a  decided  enemy  to 
the  encroachments  of  arbitrary  power,  Mr.  Hallam  is  no  infatuated 
admirer  of  antient  turbulence  nor  blind  apologist  of  popular  ex 
cesses.  If,  indeed,  there  is  any  quality  of  his  work  that  merits 
our  unqualified  approbation,  it  is  the  spirit  of  fairness  and  im 
partiality  that  pervades  the  whole.  We  have  sometimes  found 
him  careless,  and  have  sometimes  thought  him  in  the  wrong ;  but 
we  have  not  met  with  an  uncandid  misrepresentation,  an  ungene 
rous  sentiment,  or  a  narrow-minded  prejudice,  in  his  book." — 
Edin.  Rev.,  xxx.  140-172. 

"  Mr.  Hallam  has  not  made  his  work  so  much  a  regular  history 
as  a  characteristic  portraiture  of  the  times  to  which  it  refers.  It 
has  not  the  sterile  dryness  of  an  abridgment,  though  it  does  not 
possess  the  fertile  copiousness  of  a  circumstantial  narrative:  but 
it  is  instructive,  luminous,  and  animated;  and  it -may  be  perused 
with  profit  as  well  as  amusement." — Lon.  Month.  Rev.,  Ixxxvii.  1- 
14,  136-150. 

"  The  most  complete  and  highly-finished  of  his  valuable  works. 
It  is  a  series  of  finely-drawn  historical  sketches." — N.Amer.  Rev. 
"An  able  and  interesting  performance,  connected  in  a  good 
measure  with  our  earlier  history.  .  .  .  His  work  is  a  sort  of  intro 
duction  to  the  earlier  histories  of  the  ensuing  countries,  [France, 
Spain,  Portugal,  Italy,  and  Germany,]  and  should  be  read  with 
promptitude  and  diligence  by  every  one  interested  in  such  studies. 
The  notes  are  full  of  erudition." — Dibdin's  Lib.  Gomp.,  ed.  1825. 

"  The  State  of  Europe  during  the  Middle  Ages  is  full  of  in 
formation  for  all  who  desire  to  be  informed  of  the  political  and 
social  condition  of  those  kingdoms  and  states  which  arose  out  of 
the  ruins  and  ashes  of  the  empire  of  Rome.  To  show  order 
emerging  from  confusion,  the  decisions  of  law  taking  place  of 
those  of  violence  and  passion,  and  a  line  of  defence  raised  to  pro 
tect  the  weak  and  the  peaceable  against  the  strong  and  the  tyran 
nous,  was  the  task  which  Hallam  assigned  to  himself;  and  he  has 
accomplished  all  he  undertook." — Allan  Cunningham's  Crit.  and 
Biog.  Hist,  of  the  Lit.  of  the  Last  Fifty  Tears. 

"  All  the  subjects  that  have  been  glanced  at  in  these  earlier 
lectures  are  there  [in  Hallam's  work  on  the  Middle  Ages]  tho 
roughly  considered  by  this  author  with  all  the  patience  of  an 
antiquarian  and  the  spirit  and  sagacity  of  a  philosopher:  the 
French  history, — the  feudal  system, — the  history  of  Italy, — the 
history  of  Spain, — the  history  of  Germany, — of  the  Greeks  and 
Saracens, — the  history  of  ecclesiastical  power, — the  constitutional 
history  of  England, — the  Anglo-Saxon  and  the  Anglo-Norman, — 
afterwards  to  the  end  of  the  civil  wars  between  the  Roses, — with 
a  concluding  dissertation  on  the  state  of  society  during  the  Middle 
Ages.  I  should  have  been  saved  many  a  moment  of  fatigue,  some 
almost  of  despair,  if  these  volumes  had  appeared  before  I  began 
my  Lectures."— Prof.  Smyth's  Lects.  on  Mod.  Hist.:  Lect.  VIII. 

"  Mr.  Hallam's  View  of  the  State  of  Europe  during  the  Middle 
Ages  is  indispensable  to  the  historical  student."— -Warren's  Law 
Studies. 

"  A  work  of  profound  research,  and  displaying  a  free  and  vigor 
ous  spirit  of  inquiry  and  criticism."— CHANCELLOR  KENT. 

"The  learned  author,  in  his  View  of  the  State  of  Europe  during 
the  Middle  Ages,  investigates,  with  great  ability,  the  origin  and 
progress  of  the  English  Constitution,  commencing  with  the  Anglo- 
Saxons,  and  carried  down  to  the  extinction  of  the  House  of  Plan- 
tagenet.  Vide  vol.  iii.  chap.  viii.  His  work  entitled  The  Con 
stitutional  History  of  England  from  the  accession  of  Henry  VII. 
to  the  death  of  George  II.  is  the  sequel  of  that  history  through 
a  much  more  important  period ;  the  whole  of  which  forms  a  more 
thorough,  learned,  and  impartial  view  of  the  subject  than  is  else- 
;  where  to  be  found.  These  two  works  ought  to  be  in  every  law 
yer's  library,  and  merit  to  be  studied,  not  merely  read."— Hoffman' t 
I  Leg.  Stu. 


HAL 

"  Notwithstanding  the  interesting  character  of  the  Aragonese 
Constitution,  and  the  amplitude  of  materials  for  its  history,  the 
subject  has  been  hitherto  neglected,  as  far  as  I  am  aware,  by  con 
tinental  writers.  Robertson  and  Hallam,  more  especially  the  latter, 
have  given  such  a  view  of  its  prominent  features  to  the  English 
reader,  as  must,  I  fear,  deprive  the  sketch  which  I  have  attempted, 
in  a  great  degree,  of  novelty."— WM.  H.  PRESCOTT  :  Ferdinand  and 
Isabella,  llth  ed.;  Introduc.  to  vol.  i.  124. 

"  Do  you  know  Hallam  ?  Of  course,  I  need  not  ask  you  if  you 
have  read  his  Middle  Ages  ?  It  is  an  admirable  work,  full  of  re 
search,  and  does  Hallam  honour.  I  know  no  one  capable  of  having 
written  it,  except  him;  for,  admitting  that  a  writer  could  be  found 
who  could  bring  to  the  task  his  knowledge  and  talents,  it  would 
be  difficult  to  find  one  who  united  to  these  his  research,  patience, 
and  perspicuity  of  style.  The  reflections  of  Hallam  are  at  once  just 
and  profound,  his  language  well  chosen  and  impressive.  I  remem 
ber  being  struck  with  a  passage,  where,  touching  on  the  Venetians, 
he  says,  '  Too  blind  to  avert  danger,  too  cowardly  to  withstand  it, 
the  most  ancient  government  of  Europe  made  not  an  instant's 
resistance.  The  peasants  of  Underwald  died  upon  their  moun 
tains  ;  the  nobles  of  Venice  clung  only  to  their  lives.'  This  is  the 
style  in  which  history  ought  to  be  written,  if  it  is  wished  to  im 
press  it  on  the  memory."— LORD  BYRON  :  Lady  Slessington's  Con 
versations  with  Lord  B. 

2.  The  Constitutional  History  of  England,  from  the  Ac 
cession  of  Henry  VII.  to  the  Death  of  George  II.,  1827, 
2  vols.  4to  j  7th  ed.,  1854,  3  vols.  8vo ;  8th  ed.,  1855,  3  vols. 
cr.  8vo. 

Lord  Brougham  falls  into  an  error,  in  commenting  on 
the  principal  theme  discussed  in  this  work,  hardly  to  be 
expected  from  one  who  has  devoted  so  much  attention  to 
its  subject-matter.  His  lordship  assigns  as  one  of  his 
principal  reasons  for  entering  at  large,  in  his  Political 
Philosophy,  into  the  earlier  stages  of  the  British  Con 
stitution,  Mr.  Hallam's  having  commenced  his  work  with 
the  reign  of  Henry  VII.  : 

"  His  treatise,  and  that  of  Lord  John  Russell,  have  one  great 
defect  in  common : — they  begin  with  the  Tudors.  Now,  it  is  quite 
undeniable  that  the  foundations  of  our  constitution  were  laid 
many  centuries  before  the  fifteenth ;  nor  can  any  one  hope  tho 
roughly  to  comprehend  it  who  has  not  gone  back  to  the  earlier 
times.  I  have  never  been  able  to  understand  why  those  able  and 
learned  authors  have  both  begun  with  Henry  VII." 

But  had  his  lordship  not  forgotten  Chapter  VIII.  of  The 
Middle  Ages  ?  See  Mr.  Warren's  correction  of  this  grave 
error,  Law  Studies,  2d  ed.,  269,  270. 

In  his  disquisitions  into  the  theology,  the  politics,  and 
the  learning  of  the  Middle  Ages,  Mr.  Hallam  was  not 
likely  to  provoke  any  other  criticism  than  that  which  was 
connected  with  the  subjects  discussed  without  reference  to 
prejudice  or  party  feeling.  But  he  could  not  write  The 
Constitutional  History  of  England  without  soon  proving 
to  himself  and  to  the  world  that  he  was  walking  upon 
ashes  under  which  the  fire  was  not  extinguished : 

"  Incedens  per  ignes 

Suppositos  cineri  doloso."— HOR.  :  Od.  II.,  i.  7. 
Mr.  Southey,  in  a  review  extending  over  no  less  than 
sixty-six  pages,  rated  the  historian  in  no  gentle  terms  for 
his  real  or  alleged  offences  against  historic  veracity.    We 
have  room  for  a  brief  extract  only  : 

"  The  book  is  the  production  of  a  decided  partisan ;  presenting 
not  the  history  itself,  but  what  is  called  the  philosophy  of  history, 
and  to  be  received  with  the  more  suspicion,  because  it  deals  in 
deductions  and  not  in  details.  There  are  many  ways  in  which 
history  may  be  rendered  insidious ;  but  there  is  no  other  way  by 
which  an  author  can,  with  so  much  apparent  good  faith,  mislead 
his  readers.  .  .  . 

'Untothee 

Let  thine  own  times  like  an  old  story  be,' 

is  the  advice  which  Donne  gives  to  him  who  would  derive  wisdom 
from  the  course  of  passing  events.  A  writer  of  contemporary  his 
tory  could  take  no  better  motto.  Mr.  Hallam  has  proceeded  upon 
a  system  precisely  the  reverse  of  this;  and  carried  into  the  history 
of  the  past,  not  merely  the  maxims  of  his  own  age,  as  infallible 
laws  by  which  all  former  actions  are  to  be  tried,  but  the  spirit  and 
the  feeling  of  the  party  to  which  he  has  attached  himself,  its  acri 
mony  and  its  arrogance,  its  injustice  and  its  ill-temper." — Lon 
Quar.  Rev.,  xxxvii.  194-260. 

It  is  to  this  review  that  Wilberforce  refers,  when  he 
says: 

"  Southey,  a  bitter  critic,  and  works  Hallam  with  great  acute- 
ness  and  force." 

But  audi  alteram  partem.  The  critique  from  which  we 
have  just  quoted  was  published  in  January,  1828,  and  in 
the  September  following  there  appeared  a  paper  of  great 
brilliancy  and  power — with  its  political  merits  or  demerits 
we  have  here  no  concern — in  the  Edinburgh  Review,  the 
production  of  one  who  has  since  himself  gained  a  great 
name  in  the  walks  of  History.  It  will  be  seen  that  his 
estimate  of  Mr.  Hallam's  honesty  as  a  historian  is  very 
different  from  that  recorded  by  Mr.  Southey : 

"  Mr.  Hallam  is,  on  the  whole,  far  better  qualified  than  any  other 
writer  of  our  time  for  the  office  which  he  has  undertaken.  He  has 
great  industry  and  great  acuteness.  His  knowledge  is  extensive, 
various,  and  profound.  His  mind  is  equally  distinguished  by  the 
amplitude  of  its  grasp,  and  by  the  delicacy  of  its  tact.  His  specu 
lations  have  none  of  that  vagueness  which  is  the  common  fault  of 


HAL 

political  philosophy.  On  the  contrary,  they  are  strikingly  practical. 
Chey  teach  us  not  only  the  general  rule,  but  the  mode  of  applying 
it  to  solve  particular  cases.  In  this  respect  they  often  remind  us 

of  the  Discourses  of  Machiavelli His  work  is  eminently  judicial. 

[ts  whole  spirit  is  that  of  the  bench,  not  that  of  the  bar.  He  sums 
up  with  a  calm,  steady,  impartiality,  turning  neither  to  the  right 
nor  to  the  left,  glossing  over  nothing,  exaggerating  nothing,  while 
;he  advocates  on  both  sides  are  alternately  biting  their  lips  to  hear 
their  conflicting  mis-statements  and  sophisms  exposed.  On  a 
general  survey  we  do  not  scruple  to  pronounce  the  Constitutional 
History  to  be  the  most  impartial  book  that  we  ever  read." — T.  B. 
MACAULAY  :  Edin.  Rev.,  xlviii.  96-169. 

The  following  testimony  to  the  same  effect,  from  a  very 
eminent  authority,  should  not  be  omitted  in  this  con 
nexion  : 

Mr.  Hallam's  Constitutional  History  of  England  I  must  ear 
nestly  recommend,  for  it  is  a  work  of  great  research,  great  ability, 
great  impartiality,  often  of  very  manly  eloquence;  the  work  of  an 
enlightened  lawyer,  an  accomplished  scholar,  and  a  steady  assertor 
of  the  best  interests  of  mankind.  It  is  a  source  of  great  satisfac 
tion  to  me  that  such  a  work  exists,  for  every  page  is  full  of  state 
ments  and  opinions  on  every  topic  and  character  of  consequence 
since  the  reign  of  Henry  the  Seventh;  and  these  sentiments  and 
opinions  are  so  learned  and  well  reasoned,  that  I  am  quite  gratified 
to  think  that  the  student  can  now  never  want  a  guide  and  an  in 
structor  worthy  to  conduct  and  counsel  him  in  his  constitutional 
inquiries.  Mr.  Hallam  is,  indeed,  a  stern  and  severe  critic,  and  the 
student  may  be  allowed  to  love  and  honour  many  of  our  patriots, 
statesmen,  and  divines,  in  a  more  warm  and  unqualified  manner 
than  does  Mr.  Hallam;  but  the  perfect  calmness  of  Mr.  Hallam's 
temperament  makes  his  standard  of  moral  and  political  virtue 
high,  and  the  fitter  on  that  account  to  be  presented  to  youthful 
minds. 

There  are  objectionable  passages,  and  even  strange  passages, 
more  particularly  in  the  notes;  but  they  are  of  no  consequence  in 
a  work  of  so  vast  a  range,  and  of  so  much  merit.  And  Mr.  Hallam 
may  have  given  offence,  which  could  never  have  been  his  inten 
tion,  to  some  good  men,  to  whom  their  establishments  are  natu 
rally  so  dear ;  but  I  see  not  how  this  was  to  be  avoided,  if  he  was 
to  render  equal  justice  to  all  persons  and  parties,  all  sects  and 
churches,  in  their  turn, — and  if  he  was  to  do  his  duty,  as  he  has 
nobly  done,  to  the  civil  and  religious  liberties  of  his  country."— 
Prof.  Smyth's  Lects.  on  Mod.  Hist.,  1828. 

A  great  historian  of  our  own  country  pays  the  following 
high  compliment  to  Mr.  Hallam's  treatment  of  one  of  the 
principal  characters  of  his  History  : 

;The  unprejudiced  reader  may  perhaps  agree  that  the  balance 
of  this  great  queen's  [Elizabeth]  good  and  bad  qualities  is  held 
with  a  more  steady  and  impartial  hand  by  Mr.  Hallam  than  any 
preceding  writer." — WM.  H.  PRESCOTT  :  Ferdinand  and  Isabella,  llth 
ed.,  iii.  201. 

The  value  of  Mr.  Hallam's  work  to  the  legal  student 
need  hardly  be  enlarged  upon ;  but  here  we  shall  adduce 
an  authority  which  will  be  more  valued  than  our  own : 

!  No  one  can  understand  or  appreciate  this  admirable  work,  who 
has  not,  before  entering  upon  it,  become  familiar  with  at  least  the 
leading  events  of  English  history;  and  no  one  has  made  any  sen 
sible  advances  towards  the  enviable  character  of  a  sound  constitu 
tional  lawyer,  who  is  not  thoroughly  familiar  with  the  work.  Not 
that  it  is  altogether  free  from  error ;  but  where  is  to  be  found  any 
other  political  author  exhibiting  such  a  rare  union  of  candour, 
learning,  and  sagacity,  as  characterizes  this  bold  and  independent 
writer?"—  Warren's  Law  Studies,  2d  ed.,  268,  269. 

See  Allan  Cunningham's  Crit.  and  Biog.  Hist,  of  the 
Lit.  of  the  Last  Fifty  Years. 

3.  Introduction  to  the  Literature  of  Europe,  in  Fifteenth, 
Sixteenth,  and  Seventeenth  Centuries,  1837-39, 4  vols.  8vo; 
4th  ed.,  1854,  3  vols.  8vo ;  5th  ed.,  1855-56,  3  vols.  cr.  8vo. 
In  the  4th  ed.  the  text  was  revised,  and  such  errors  as  the 
author  discovered  were  removed.  The  few  additional  notes 
are  distinguished  by  the  dates  of  the  publications  of  the 
different  edits,  in  the  years  1842,  '47,  and  '53. 

"  The  advantages  of  such  a  synoptical  view  of  literature  as  dis 
plays  its  various  departments  in  their  simultaneous  condition 
through  an  extensive  period,  and  in  their  mutual  dependency, 
seem  to  manifest  to  be  disputed." — Preface. 

Mr.  Hallam  then  proceeds  to  give  a  rapid  sketch  of  the 
bibliography  of  Literary  History. 

"The  most  important  single  volume  that  it  has  for  some  years 
been  our  duty  to  comment  on.  By  this  specimen  [vol.  i.]  Mr.  Hal 
lam  will  confirm  the  solid  and  substantial  reputation  which  he  had 
already  gained  with  all  the  sound  and  mature  judges  of  literary 
excellence.  By  his  completion  of  the  work  with  the  same  care  and 
in  the  same  spirit,  he  will  enable  English  literature  to  boast  of  the 
first  full,  impartial,  and  general  view  of  the  simultaneous  progress 
of  letters  in  every  part  of  Europe."— ion.  Quar.  Rev.,  Iviii.  29-60; 
ascribed  to  Southey,  but  incorrectly. 

Mr.  Prescott,  noticing  the  fact  that  the  English  have 
made  but  slender  contributions  to  the  history  of  foreign 
literature,  remarks : 

"The  deficiency,  indeed,  is  likely  to  be  supplied,  to  a  certain  ex 
tent,  by  the  work  of  Mr.  Hallam,  now  in  progress  of  publication; 
the  first  volume  of  which — the  only  one  which  has  yet  issued  from 
the  press — gives  evidence  of  the  same  curious  erudition,  acuteness, 
honest  impartiality,  and  energy  of  diction,  which  distinguish  the 
other  writings  of  this  eminent  scholar.  But  the  extent  of  his 
work,  limited  to  four  volumes,  precludes  any  thing  more  than  a 
survey  of  the  most  prominent  features  of  the  vast  subject  which 
he  has  undertaken." — Review  of  Chateaubriand's  Eng.  Lit.,  N.  A. 
Rev.,  Oct.  1839. 

We  quote  a  few  notices  of  the  whole  work : 


HAL 

"The  most  important  contribution  to  literary  history  which 
English  libraries  have  received  for  many  years.  .  .  .  That  his  work 
will  be  popular  we  can  hardly  predict We  have  already  sug 
gested  some  defects,  to  our  apprehension,  which  will  materially 
impede  its  present  success.  To  these  must  be  added  a  dry  and 
austere  style,  uniformly  clear,  indeed,  and  English,  but  sometimes 
chastised  to  a  degree  of  tameness,  sometimes,  though  not  often, 
laboriously  figurative,  and  loaded  with  rather  heavy  ornament. 
But  most  assuredly  the  reader  who  does  not  employ  it  merely  to 
fill  up  the  leisure  of  a  few  hours,  but  consults  it  for  guidance,  and 
refers  to  its  authority,  will  never  use  it  without  an  augmented 
sense  of  its  value,  and  respect  for  its  author.  He  will  be  struck 
with  the  modest  simplicity  with  which  its  stores  of  very  extensive 
erudition  are  displayed.  He  will  be  struck  with  an  honesty,  even 
in  the  mere  conduct  of  the  work,  rarely  found  in  publications  pre 
tending  to  any  thing  like  the  same  amount  of  research." — Edin. 
Rev.,  Ixxii.  194-226. 

"  The  subject  which  he  has  now  treated  is  one  of  more  general 
interest  than  those  discussed  in  his  previous  publications ;  and  as 
the  work  was  known  to  embody  the  labors  of  many  years,  it  was 
received  with  curiosity  and  respect,  and  is  likely  to  establish  for 
him  a  wide  and  enduring  reputation.  .  .  .  We  close  with  the  ex 
pression  of  gratitude  to  him  for  undertaking  an  important  and 
difficult  task,  and  of  respect  for  the  ability,  learning,  and  taste 
with  which  it  is  executed."— FRANCIS  BOWEN:  N.  Amer.  Rev.,  Ivi. 
44-89. 

"  This  is  a  production  of  the  greatest  value,  and  distinguished, 
like  his  other  work,  [on  the  Middle  Ages,]  for  research,  judgment, 
taste,  and  elegance." — CHANCELLOR  KENT.  See  Blackwood's  Mag., 
xli.  614;  xlix.  150. 

No  writer  can  traverse  so  wide  a  field  of  inquiry  with 
out  offending  somebody ;  and  Bishop  Monk,  the  biographer 
of  Bentley,  to  quote  his  own  language,  felt  himself  "  ag 
grieved"  by  a  criticism  of  Mr.  Hallam's  on  his  (the  bishop's) 
notice  of  Le  Clerc.  The  correspondence  between  his  lord 
ship  and  Mr.  Hallam  on  this  matter  will  be  found  in  the 
London  Gent.  Mag.,  1844,  Pt.  2,  157-160.  A  vol.  entitled 
Literary  Essays  and  Characters;  selected  from  an  Intro 
duction  to  the  Literature  of  Modern  Europe,  was  pub.  in 
London,  1852,  12mo. 

We  have  now  quoted  a  number  of  testimonies  to  the 
value  of  Mr.  Hallam's  Literary  History ;  but  we  should 
display  a  strange  insensibility  did  we  omit  to  add  our 
hearty  concurrence  in  the  highest  commendation  which 
we  have  recorded.  Undoubtedly  many  of  the  most  bril 
liant  gems  of  criticism  of  which  our  own  gallery — the  work 
now  in  the  reader's  hands — can  boast,  will  be  found  cre 
dited  to  the  distinguished  scholar  whose  name  stands  at 
the  head  of  this  article.  But,  desirous  of  concluding,  as 
we  commenced  and  have  continued,  by  offering  higher 
tribute  than  our  own  to  the  merits  of  this  eminent  writer, 
and  preserving  the  rule  established  in  our  Critical  Court 
of  citing  the  most  competent  testimony  in  each  case  which 
should  be  presented  for  judgment,  we  shall  now  adduce 
the  evidence  of  the  historian  of  Modern  Europe,  and  that 
of  the  author  of  Ferdinand  and  Isabella,  in  favour  of  the 
annalist  of  the  Middle  Ages,  the  Literature  of  Europe,  and 
the  €enstitutional  History  of  England : 

"The  cold  academic  style  of  Robertson  may  suit  the  compara 
tive  calmness  of  the  eighteenth  century,  but  the  fervour  and  ani 
mation  of  its  close  communicated  itself  to  the  historical  works  of 
the  next.  HALLAM  was  the  first  historian  whose  style  gave  token 
of  the  coming  change ;  his  works  mark  the  transition  from  one  age 
and  style  of  literature  to  another.  In  extent  and  variety  of  learn 
ing,  and  a  deep  acquaintance  with  antiquarian  lore,  the  historian 
of  the  Middle  Ages  may  deservedly  take  a  place  with  the  most  emi 
nent  writers  in  that  style  that  Europe  has  produced ;  but  his  style 
is  more  imaginative  than  those  of  his  laborious  predecessors,  and 
a  fervent  eloquence  or  poetic  expression  often  reveals  the  ardour 
which  the  heart-stirring  events  of  his  time  had  communicated  to 
his  disposition." — SIR  ARCHIBALD  ALISON  :  Hist,  of  Europe,  1815- 
52,  chap.  v. 

"  The  most  eminent  illustrations  of  the  system  of  historical  writ 
ing  which  we  have  been  discussing  that  have  appeared  in  Eng 
land  in  the  present  century  are  the  works  of  Mr.  Hallam,  in  which 
the  author,  discarding  most  of  the  circumstances  that  go  to  make 
•up  mere  narrative,  endeavours  to  fix  the  attention  of  the  reader 
on  the  more  important  features  of  constitutional  policy,  employ 
ing  his  wide  range  of  materials  in  strict  subordination  to  this  pur 
pose."— WM.  H.  PRESCOTT  :  N.  Amer.  Rev.,  October,  1829. 

The  following  little  piece  of  pleasantry  of  Sydney  Smith's 
can  hardly  fail  to  provoke  a  smile  from  the  amiable  reader : 
"  In  his  voyage  up  the  Rhine,  Campbell  met  on  the  steamboat 
the  historian  of  the  Middle  Ages.  « Hallam  is  a  most  excellent 
man,  said  the  poet,  in  one  of  his  letters;  'of  great  acuteness,  and 
of  immense  research  in  reading.  I  believe  him  to  have  neither 
gall  nor  bitterness;  and  yet  he  is  a  perfect  boa-contradictor !  .  .  . 
His  powers  of  study  are  like  those  of  the  scholars  of  the  Alexan 
drian  Academy,  whose  viscera  were  alleged  to  be  made  of  brass. 
He  baits  Sydney  Smith  himself  with  his  provoking  accuracy  as  to 
matters  of  fact.  Smith  once  said  to  me,  If  Hallam  were  in  the 
midst  of  a  full  assembly  of  scientific  men,  and  if  Euclid  were  to 
enter  the  room  with  his  Elements  under  his  arm,  and  were  to  say, 
Gentlemen,  I  suppose  no  one  present  doubts  the  truth  of  the 
Forty-fifth  Proposition  of  my  First  Book  of  Elements,  Mr.  Hallam 
would  say,  Yes,  I  have  my  doubts.' » 

Hallam,  Robert  A.,  D.D.,  Rector  of  St.  James's 
Church,   New   London,   Conn.      Lects.  on    the   Morning 
Prayer,  Phila.,  1856,  12mo.     Highly  commended 
770 


HAL 

Hallaran,Wm.S.,M.D.  Insanity,<S;c.,Cork.lS10,8vo. 

Hallaway,  John.     Anatomy,  Lon.,  1565,  4to. 

Halle,  H.  Fraser.  Exact  Philosophy,  Lon.,  1848, 
p.  8vo. 

"  A  valuable  treatise  on  philosophic  reasoning." 

Halleck,  Fitz- Greene,  an  eminent  American  poet, 
b.  at  Guilford,  Connecticut,  in  August,  1795,  entered  a 
banking-house  in  New  York  in  1813,  and  resided  in  that 
city,  engaged  in  mercantile  and  kindred  pursuits,  until 
1849,  when  he  returned  to  his  native  town  in  Connecticut, 
where  he  now  resides.  For  many  years  he  acted  as  con 
fidential  agent  for  John  Jacob  Astor.  Mr.  Halleck  com 
menced  contributing  to  the  papers  of  the  day  at  an  early 
age,  and,  when  settled  in  New  York,  soon  became  an  as 
sociate  of  the  wits  of  the  town,  comprising  the  "  mob  of 
gentlemen  who  wrote  with  ease."  In  1819  he  made  the 
acquaintance  of  Joseph  Rodman  Drake,  who  was  so  much 
pleased  with  his  new  friend  that  he  admitted  him  into 
partnership  in  the  composition  of  the  Croker  Papers,  pub. 
in  the  New  York  Evening  Post,  1819.  The  history  of 
these  sprightly  sallies  has  been  already  referred  to  in  our 
notice  of  the  senior  partner  of  this  literary  firm.  The 
death  of  his  chosen  friend  and  literary  colleague  was 
mourned  by  Halleck  in  those  exquisitely  beautiful  lines — 
"  Green  be  the  turf  above  thee, 
Friend  of  my  better  days!"  &c. 

In  1821  Mr.  Halleck  pub.  his  longest  poem, — Fanny, — a 
satire  upon  the  literature  and  politics  of  the  time,  in  the 
measure  of  Don  Juan.  In  1822  and  '23  the  author 
visited  Europe ;  and  it  is  to  the  reflections  engendered  by 
his  travels  that  we  are  indebted  for  the  poems  on  Burns 
and  Alnwick  Castle,  which,  with  Marco  Bozzaris  and  some 
other  pieces,  were  pub.  in  a  vol.  in  1827.  Another  edit, 
of  his  poems  appeared  in  1836;  a  third,  with  illustrations, 
in  1847;  and  a  fourth,  with  additions  to  the  poem  Con 
necticut,  in  1852.  The  table  of  contents  runs  as  follows : 
1.  Alnwick  Castle.  2.  Marco  Bozzaris.  3.  Burns.  4.  Wyo 
ming.  5.  On  the  Death  of  Joseph  Rodman  Drake.  6. 
Twilight.  7.  Psalm  CXXXII.  8.  To  *  *  *  *.  9.  The  Field 
of  the  Grounded  Arms.  10.  Red  Jacket.  11.  Love.  12.  A 
Sketch.  13.  Domestic  Happiness.  14.  Magdalen.  15. 
From  the  Italian.  16.  Translations  from  the  German  of 
Goethe.  17.  Woman.  18.  A  Poet's  Daughter.  19.  Con 
necticut.  20.  Music.  21.  On  the  Death  of  Lieut.  Allen. 
22.  Fanny.  23.  The  Recorder. 

Epistles,  &c. :  1.  To  Walter  Browne,  Esq.  2.  To  *  *  *  *. 
3.  A  Fragment.  4.  Song  by  Miss  ....  5.  Song  for  the 
Drama  of  the  Spy.  6.  Address  at  the  Opening  of  a  New 
Theatre.  7.  The  Rhyme  of  the  Ancient  Coaster.  8.  Lines 
to  her  who  can  understand  them.  9.  Extracts  from  an 
Unpublished  Poem.  10.  Notes. 

When  we  state  that  the  thirty-two  pieces  above  enume 
rated  are  all  contained  in  a  single  12mo  vol.,  in  large 
print,  comprising  but  about  4000  lines,  the  point  of  the 
regret  so  often  expressed,  that  one  who  can  write  so  well 
should  write  so  little,  will  be  immediately  understood.  It 
is  certainly  not  from  want  of  public  appreciation  that  Mr. 
Halleck  so  seldom  strikes  a  lyre  from  which  he  evokes 
such  "  eloquent  music,"  for  few  American  poets  have  been 
so  highly  lauded  by  critics,  few  so  often  read  and  ardently 
admired  in  the  social  circles  of  the  land.  The  narrowness 
of  our  limits  is  continually  restricting  the  exercise  of  our 
inclination  in  the  way  of  quotations ;  but  we  are  not  wil 
ling  to  pass  by  the  name  of  this  graceful  and  elegant 
yet  at  the  same  time  animated  and  energetic  poet,  without 
a  few  lines  of  comment  : 

"  There  is  in  his  compositions  an  essential  pervading  grace,  a 
natural  brilliancy  of  wit,  a  freedom  yet  refinement  of  sentiment, 
a  sparkling  flow  of  fancy,  and  a  power  of  personification  combined 
with  such  high  and  careful  finish,  and  such  exquisite  nicety  of 
taste,  that  the  larger  part  of  them  must  be  regarded  as  models 
almost  faultless  in  the  classes  to  which  they  belong."—  Griswold's 
Pods  and  Poetry  of  America. 

11  The  poems  of  Fitz-Greene  Halleck,  although  limited  in  quan 
tity,  are  perhaps  the  best-known  and  most  cherished,  especially  in 
the  latitude  of  New  York,  of  all  American  verses The  school 
boy  and  the  old  Knickerbocker  both  know  them  by  heart.  In  his 
serious  poems,  he  belongs  to  the  same  school  as  Campbell;  and  in 
his  lighter  pieces  reminds  us  of  Beppo  and  the  best  parts  of  Don 
Juan.  Fanny,  conceived  in  the  latter  vein,  has  the  point  of  a  fine 
local  satire  gracefully  executed.  Burns,  and  the  lines  on  the  death 
of  Drake,  have  the  beautiful  impressiveness  of  the  hisrhest  elegiac 
verse.  Marco  Bozzaris  is  perhaps  the  best  martial  lyric  in  the 
language;  Red  Jacket  the  most  effective  Indian  portrait;  and 
Twilight  an  apt  piece  of  contemplative  verse;  while  Almvick  Castle 
combines  his  grave  and  gay  style  with  inimitable  art  and  admirable 
effect." — Henry  T.  Tuckerman's  Sketch  of  American  Literature. 

An  exquisite  American  poet,  a  most  unexceptionable 
judge  in  the  premises,  ably  justifies  Mr.  Halleck  in  those 
rhythmical  inequalities  which  have  sometimes  been  cen 
sured  as  inartistic  and  ungraceful.  We  give  a  brief  extract : 


HAL 

"He  is  familiar  with  those  general  rules  and  principles  which 
are  the  basis  of  metrical  harmony;  and  his  own  unerring  taste 
has  taught  him  the  exceptions  which  a  proper  attention  to  variety 
demands.  He  understands  that  the  rivulet  is  made  musical  by 
obstructions  in  its  channel.  In  no  poet  can  be  found  passages 
which  flow  with  more  sweet  and  liquid  smoothness ;  but  he  knows 
very  well  that  to  make  this  smoothness  perceived,  and  to  prevent 
it  from  degenerating  into  monotony,  occasional  roughness  must 
be  interposed."— WILLIAM  CCLLEN  BRYANT. 

"  It  may  be  said  of  his  compositions,  as  it  can  be  affirmed  of  few 
American  verses,  that  they  have  a  real  innate  harmony,  some 
thing  not  dependent  on  the  number  of  syllables  in  each  line,  or 
capable  of  being  dissected  out  into  feet,  but  growing  in  them,  as 
it  were,  and  created  by  the  fine  ear  of  the  writer.  Their  senti 
ments,  too,  are  exalted  and  ennobling;  eminently  genial  and 
honest,  they  stamp  the  author  for  a  good  man  and  true,— Nature's 
aristocracy."— Eraser's  Magazine. 

For  further  particulars  respecting  this  delightful  writer 
and  his  productions  we  must  refer  the  reader  to  the  works 
above  cited;  also  to  Duyckincks'  Cyc.  of  Amer.  Lit. ;  Poe's 
Literati ;  Miss  Mitford's  Recollections  of  a  Literary  Life ; 
Whipple's  Essays  and  Reviews  ;  H.  B.  Wallace's  Literary 
Criticisms,  60-63  ;  New  Englander,  i.  153  ;  South.  Lit. 
Messenger,  ii.  326 ;  viii.  242 ;  Amer.  Quar.  Rev.,  xxi.  399 ; 
Knickerbocker,  xxvi.  553 ;  U.  States  Lit.  Mess.,  vi.  8  ;  In 
ternational  Mag.,  i.  166  j  iii.  433,  434. 

The  late  Mr.  Rogers  was  an  ardent  admirer  of  Mr.  Hal- 
leek's  poetry,  and  paid  a  glowing  tribute  to  his  genius  in 
a  letter  to  Washington  Irving,  read  by  the  latter  at  a  lite 
rary  dinner  in  New  York  in  1837. 

New  and  complete  editions  of  Mr.  Halleck's  Poems  were 
pub.  in  1858,  by  Messrs.  Appleton,  of  N.Y.,  in  1  vol.  12mo, 
and  also  1  vol.  8vo,  illustrated. 

Halleck,  Lt.  H.  W.  Elements  of  Military  Art  and 
Science,  N.  York,  1846, 12mo. 

1 1  al let,  Dr.  Aurora  Borealis ;  Phil.  Trans.,  1726. 
Hallet,  Joseph,  Jr.,  1692-1744,  an  Arian  divine, 
pub.  answers  to  the  deistical  arguments  of  Chubb,  Woolston 
and  Morgan, — see  Leland's  Deistical  Writers, — and  several 
other  works,  of  which  the  best-known  are  3  vols.,  1729 
'32,  '36,  on  the  Study  of  the  Holy  Scriptures,  &c. 

"  Whether  the  reader  shall  agree  or  differ  with  Hallet  in  many 
of  the  views  which  are  stated  and  defended  in  these  volumes,  he 
will  not  deny  their  author  the  praise  of  deep  learning,  patient  re 
search,  and  originality  of  mind." — Orme's  Bibl.  Bib. 

Hallett,  Robert.  Use  of  Tobacco-Water  in  pre 
serving  Fruit-Crops,  by  destroying  Insects,  &c.  ;  Nic.  Jour. 
1808. 

Halley,  Edmund,  LL.D.,  1656-1742,  an  eminen 
mathematician  and  astronomer,  a  native    of  Haggerston 
Shoreditch,  London,  was  educated  at  St.  Paul's  School 
and  at  Queen's  College,  Oxford.    In  1703  he  was  appointee 
Savilian  Professor  of  Geometry  at  Oxford,  and  in  1719 
succeeded  Flamsteed  as  Astronomer  Royal.     In  1676  he 
pub.  his  first  paper  in  the  Phil.  Trans,  on  the  Orbits  of  the 
Primary  Planets ;    in  1679  he  pub.  his  Catalogue  of  the 
Southern  Stars ;  and  in  1683  he  gave  to  the  world,  through 
the  medium  of  the  Phil.  Trans.,  his  Theory  of  the  Varia 
tion  of  the  Magnetical  Compass.     In  the  years  1698-1701 
he  sailed  along  the  coasts  of  Africa,  America,  <fcc.,  in  orde 
to  test  the  variation  of  the  needle  in  different  parts  of  th 
world.     For  a  detailed  account  of  his  life  and  publica 
tions, — upon  astronomy,  mathematics,  nat.  philos.,  Ac. — 
we  must  refer  the  reader  to  Biog.  Brit. ;  Birch's  Life  of 
Tillotson ;    Whiston's  Life ;    Athen.  Oxon. ;    Thompson's 
Hist,  of  the  Royal  Society  j  Watt's  Bibl.  Brit,  ;  an  article 
by  Sir  David  Brewster  in  Rich's  Cyc.  of  Univ.  Biog.    The 
Rev.  J.  S.  Rigaud  pub.,  in  1844,  A  Defence  of  Edmund 
Halley  against  the   Charge  of  Religious   Infidelity:  see 
NEWTON,  SIR  ISAAC,  p.  1418.     Halley  excelled  in  many 
departments  of  learning  and  scientific  research : 

"  While  we  thought  the  eulogium  of  an  astronomer,  a  naturalist, 
a  scholar,  and  a  philosopher,  comprehended  pur  whole  subject,  we 
have  been  insensibly  surprised  with  the  history  of  an  excellent 
mariner,  an  illustrious  traveller,  an  able  engineer,  and  almost  a 
statesman."— M.  MAIRAN  :  filoge  upon  Halley,  1742. 
Halley,  George.     Serins.,  1689,  '91,  '98,  all  4to. 
Halley,  Robert,  D.D.    1.  Lects.  on  the  Sacraments : 
I.  Baptism,  Lon.,  1844,  8vo ;  II.  The  Lord's  Supper,  1851, 
'53,  8vo. 

"  To  those  who  should  wish  to  see  Cardinal  Wiseman's  discourses 
on  this  subject  refuted  in  a  most  masterly  manner,  we  recommend 
Dr.  Halley's  volume." — Lon.  Watchman. 

2.  Reply  to  the  Rev.  C.  Stovel  on  Baptism,  1844,  8vo. 
Halliday,  Sir  Andrew,  M.D.,  d.  1840,  pub.  several 
professional  and  other  works,  for  a  list  of  which,  and  a 
biographical  notice  of  the  author,  see  Lon.  Gent.  Mag., 
January,  1840.  See  also  Watt's  Bibl.  Brit.  We  notice 
the  following:  1.  Memoir  of  the  Campaign  of  1815,  Paris, 
1816, 8vo.  2.  A  Genealogical  Hist,  of  the  House  of  Guelph, 
Lon.,  1820,  4to.  A  fragment  upon  this  subject  was  found 


HAL 

,mong  the  papers  of  Gibbon,  the  historian.  3.  Annals  of 
he  House  of  Brunswick,  18.26,  2  vols.  8vo.  4.  Annals  of 
he  House  of  Hanover,  1826,  2  vols.  r.  8vo.  5.  The  West 
ndies,  1837,  8vo. 

"Of  modest  pretensions,  but  replete  with  interesting  and  instruct- 
ve  information." — Lon.  Athenaeum,  1837  :  242. 

Halliday,  John.    Arithmetic,  Lon.,  1749,  8vo. 

Hallifax,  Dr.    Euclid,  Oxon.,  1685,  8vo. 

Hallifax,  Charles.  1.  Familiar  Letters,  1753.  2.  Mis 
cellanies  in  Prose  and  Verse,  8vo. 

Hallifax,  James,  Rector  of  Cheddington,  Bucks,  and 
Vicar  of  Ewell,  Surrey.  Serms.,  1756-71. 

Hallifax,  Samuel,  D.D.,  LL.D.,  1733-1790,  a  native 
of  Mansfield,  Derbyshire ;  educated  at  Jesus  Coll.,  Camb., 
and  Trinity  Hall;  Rector  of  Cheddington,  Bucks,  1765; 
Prof,  of  Arabic,  Univ.  Camb.,  1768 ;  Regius  Prof,  of  Civil 
Law,  1770;  Rector  of  Warsop,  1778 ;  Bishop  of  Gloucester, 
1781 ;  trans,  to  St.  Asaph,  1787.  1.  Analysis  of  the  Roman 
Civil  Law,  Lon.,  1774,  '75,  8vo ;  Camb.,  1795,  8vo.  New 
ed.,  by  J.  W.  Geldart,  1836,  8vo.  See  Warren's  Law  Stu 
dies.  2. 12  Serms.  on  Prophecies,  1776,  8vo.  See  Brit.  Grit, 
0.  S.,  xxvii.  653.  Bp.  H.  pub.  a  number  of  other  serms. 

Hallifax,  Wm.,  D.D.    Serm.,  1701,  4td. 

Hallifax.    See  HALIFAX. 

Halliwell,  James  Orchard,  an  eminent  English 
archaeologist,  b.  1821,  author  and  editor  of  many  valuable 
works,  principally  illustrative  of  past  ages,  and  exhibiting 
extensive  learning  and  laborious  research.  Many  of  Mr. 
Halliwell's  volumes  were  privately  printed,  and  in  some 
cases  only  10  to  25  copies  were  struck  off.  1.  Acct.  of 
Popular  Tracts  in  Capt.  Cox's  Library,  Lon.,  1849,  8vo. 
2.  Acct.  of  the  MSS.  in  Chetham  Library,  1842.  3.  Acct. 
of  the  only  known  MS.  of  Shakespeare's  Plays,  1843,  8vo. 

4.  Ancient  Inventories  of  English  Furniture,  &c.,  1854, 4to. 

5.  Ancient  MSS.  in  the  Public  Library,  Plymouth,  4to. 

6.  Ancient  Systems  of  Notation,  1854,  4to.     7.  A  Neat 
Boke  about  Shakespeare,  Ac.,  1851, 4to.     8.  Archaeologist : 
Journal  of  Antiquarian  Science,  8vo.     9.  Antiquities,  <fcc. 
illustrating   the    Life   and   Works   of    Shakespeare,  4to. 
10.  Cat.  of  the  Contents  of  the  Codex  Holbrookianus,  1840, 
8vo.     11.  Cat.  of  Proclamations,  Broadsides,  Ballads,  and 
Poems,  presented  to  the  Chetham  Library  by  J.  0.  Halli 
well,  1851,  4to.     12.  Character  of  Sir  John  Falstaff,  1841, 
12mo.  13.  Collection  of  Pieces  in  the  Dialect  of  Zummerset, 
1843,  p.  8vo.    14.  Contrib.  to  Early  Eng.  Lit.,  4to.    15.  Diet, 
of  Archaic  and  Provincial  Words,  3d  ed.,  1855,  2  vols.  8vo. 
16.  Early  Hist,  of  Free-Masonry  in  England,  2d  ed.,  1844, 
p.  8vo.     17.  Foundation  Document  of  Merton  Coll.,  Oxf., 
by  John  Heywood,  1843,  8vo.     18.  Garland  of  Shakespe- 
riana  recently  added  to  the  Library  of  J.  0.  H.     19.  Gros- 
teste's  Castle  of  Love,  4to.     20.  Hist.  Coll.  Jesu  Cantab. ;  a 
J.  Shermanno,  &c.,  8vo.    21.  Hist.  Sketch  of  the  Provincial 
Dialects  of  England,  1847,  8vo.     22.  Illustrations  of  the 
Hist,  of  Prices,  4to.     23.  Introduc.  to  Shakespeare's  Mid 
summer's  Night  Dream,  1842,  8vo.    24.  Jokes  of  the  Cam 
bridge   Coffee-Houses   in    the    17th    Cent.,   1842,   18mo. 
25.  Letters  of  the  Kings  of  England,  2d  ed.,  1848,  2  vols. 
p.  8vo.     26.  Letters  on  Scientific  Subjects  temp.  Eliz.  to 
Charles  II.,  8vo.     27.  Life  of  William  Shakespeare,  1848, 
8vo.     28.  Life  of  Sir  Samuel  Morland,  8vo.     29.  Lit.  of 
the  16th  and  17th  Cents.     30.  Merry  Tales  of  the  Wise 
Men  of  Gotham,  1840,  p.  8vo.    31.  Morte  Arthure,  from 
the  Lincoln  MS.,  4to.      32.  MS.  Rarities  in  Cambridge 
Univ.,  8vo.     33.  Norfolk  Anthology,  4to.     34.  Nugse  Po- 
eticae :  Select  Pieces  of  Old  English  Poetry,  1844,  12mo. 

35.  Nursery  Rhymes  of  England,  5th  ed.j  1854,  p.  8vo. 

36.  Palatine  Anthology,  4to.     37.  Poetry  of  Witchcraft, 
4to.     38.  Popular  Rhymes  and  Nursery  Tales,  1849,  12mo, 
39.  Rara  Mathematica,  2d  ed.,  1839,  12mo.     40.  Reliquiae 
Antiquae,  2  vols.  Svo;  in  conjunction  with  Mr.  Thomas 
Wright.     41.  Shakesperiana :  Cat.  of  the  early  edits,  of 
Shakespeare's   Plays,  <fec.,  1841,  Svo.     42.   Shakespeare 
Forgeries  at  Bridgewater  House,  4to.    43.  Shakespeare 
Reliques  in  the  possession  of  J.  0.  H.,  4to.     44.  Sir  John 
Maundeville's  Voiage  and  Travaile.    45.  Sydneian  Litera 
ture  in  the  Library  of  J.  0.  H.,  1854,  4to.    46.  The  Con 
nexion  of  Wales  with  the  Early  Science  of  England,  Svo. 
47.  The  First  Sketches  of  the  Second  and  Third  Parts  of 
K.  Henry  VI.     48.  The   Harrowing  of  Hell,  1840,  Svo. 

49.  Theolog.  MSS.  in  the  Library  of  J.  0.  H.,  1854,  4to. 

50.  The  Vernon  MSS.,  1848,  Svo.     51.  Torrent,  of  Portugal, 
1842,  p.  8vo.     52.  Two  Essays  on  Numerical  Calculation, 
&c.,  1839,  Svo.     53.  Unique  Ed.  of  Sir  P.  Sydney's  Ar 
cadia,  1854,  4to.     54.  Yorkshire  Anthology,  4to. 

We  have  many  testimonies  before  us  to  the  merits  of 
Mr.  Halliwell's  productions,  but  want  of  space  compels  us 
reluctantly  to  omit  them. 

771 


HAL 


HAM 


The  above  list  exhibits  evidence  of  no  ordinary  literary 
industry;  but  the  magnum  opus  of  Mr.  Halliwell  remains 
to  be  mentioned.  This  is  a  grand  edition  of  The  Works 
of  William  Shakespeare,  with  a  new  collation  of  the  early 
editions,  all  the  original  novels  and  tales  on  which  the 
plays  are  founded ;  copious  archaeological  illustrations  to 
each  play  ;  and  a  life  of  the  Poet.  This  magnificent  work 
is  to  be  completed  in  20  folio  vols.,  of  which  5  have  ap 
peared,  (1856,)  at  a  cost  of  £63.  It  was  at  first  settled  that 
the  cost  would  be  £2  2s.  each  vol.,  or  £42  in  all,  but  it  was 
subsequently  advanced  to  £63.  The  edition  is  limited  to 
150  copies.  The  illustrations  are  to  be  by,  and  under  the 
care  of,  Mr.  F.  W.  Fairholt.  This  will  be  indeed  the 
noblest  monument  to  the  memory  of  the  illustrious  bard. 
See  Lon.  Gent.  Mag.,  April,  1855,  392;  June,  1855,  554. 

Hallock,  Rev.  Wm.  A.  Life  and  Labours  of  the 
Kev.  Justin  Edwards,  D.D.,  N.  York,  1856,  12mo. 

Halloran,  O'.     See  O'HALLORAN. 

Hallo  way,  Benjamin.  Remarks  on  Dr.  Sharp's 
pieces  on  the  words  Elohim  and  Berith,  Lon.,  8vo. 

Halls,  Robert,  M.D.     Con.  to  Med.  Com.,  1795. 

Hallward,  John.     Serm.,  Lon.,  1775,  8vo. 

Hallywell,  Henry,  Vicar  of  Cowfold,  pub.  several 
theolog.  works,  of  which  the  best-known  is  one  on  witches, 
entitled  Melampronvea,  Ac.,  Lon.,  1681,  8vo.  See  Lon. 
Retrosp.  Rev.,  v.  87-136 :  1822. 

Halpin,  Rev.  John  Nicholas,  1790-1851,  was  the 
author  of  some  works  on  Shakspeare,  Spenser,  theological 
subjects,  Ac.,  1811-50.  See  Lon.  Gent.  Mag.,  Aug.  1851. 

Halstead,  Robert,  a  fictitious  name  under  which 
Henry,  second  Earl  of  Peterborough,  pub.  a  work  drawn 
up  by  himself  and  his  chaplain,  entitled  Succinct  Genealo 
gies  of  the  noble  and  ancient  Houses  of  Alno,  or  De  Alneto, 
Broc  of  Shephale,  Ac.,  Lon.,  1685,  fol.  See  full  title  and 
collation  in  Lowndes's  Bibl.  Man.,  862.  Only  24  copies 
were  printed:  a  copy  has  been  sold  for  £100. 

Halsted,  Caroline  Amelia,  d.  1851,  an  authoress 
of  some  distinction.  1.  Life  of  Margaret  Beaufort,  Coun 
tess  of  Richmond  and  Derby,  Lon.,  1839,  '45,  8vo.  2.  Obli 
gations  of  Literature  to  Mothers  of  England,  (Gresham 
Prize  Essay,)  1840,  p.  8vo.  3.  Investigation,  3d  ed.,  1846, 
fp.  8vo.  4.  Life  of  Richard  III.,  1844,  2  vols.  8vo. 

"  We  consider  Miss  Halsted's  work  as  one  of  the  most  interesting 
and  able  pieces  of  history  which  has  ever  been  presented  to  the 
world.  The  research  which  it  manifests  is  most  extensive ;  the 
arrangement  clear  and  lucid ;  the  style  always  animated  and  pic 
turesque.  Many  new  lights  are  thrown  on  the  career  of  Richard, 
many  new  facts  elicited,  and  the  injustice  of  four  centuries  vindi 
cated  by  this  intrepid  and  indefatigable  champion  of  historical 
truth." — Lon.  Metropolitan  Magazine. 

"  Miss  Halsted  deserves  great  credit  for  her  laborious  attempt  to 
vindicate  Richard's  character,  and  for  the  patient  care  with  which 
she  has  sought  out  and  marshalled  her  authorities." — Lon.  Athe- 


In  this  history  Miss  Halsted  concurs  with  Sir  George 
Buc,  who,  as  Wood  says, 

"Doth  make  King  Richard  III.  an  admirable  man,  and  not  at 
all  that  man  that  other  histories  make  him  to  be." — Athen.  Oxon. 

To  these  advocates  for  Richard's  character  must  be 
added  Horace  Walpole  and  Sharon  Turner. 

Halsted,  Peter.     Two  Serms.,  Lon.,  1794,  8vo. 

Halsted,  Wm.  1.  Rep.  of  Cases  in  Supreme  Ct.  of  N. 
Jersey,  1821-32,  Trenton,  1823-31,  7  vols.  8vo.  2.  Index  to 
the  Decis.  of  the  Superior  Cts.  of  N.  Jersey,  1843-44,  8vo. 

Halsy,  James.    Serm.,  Ac.,  Lon.,  1676-78. 

Halward,  John.     Serm.,  Lon.,  1774,  8vo. 

Haly,  Capt.  Aylmer,  of  the  King's  (own)  Infantry. 
Military  Observations,  Lon.,  1801,  8vo. 

Haly,  Wm.  W.     See  TROUBAT,  FRANCIS  J. 

Haly burto n,  Thomas,  1674-1712,  a  divine  of  the 
Church  of  Scotland,  a  native  of  Duplin,  near  Perth ;  mi 
nister  of  the  parish  of  Ceres,  1700 ;  Prof,  of  Divinity  in 
the  Univ.  of  St.  Andrew's,  1710.  1.  Natural  Religion  In 
sufficient,  Ac.,  Edin.,  1714,  4to;  1798,  8vo.  An  ed.,  with 
Introduc.  by  Rev.  David  Young,  12mo. 

"It  contains  a  very  able  examination  of  the  writings  of  Lord 
Herbert,  and  demolishes  to  the  ground  the  strongholds  of  the 
enemies  of  Revelation."—  Orme's  Bibl.  Bib. 

"{S^*  of  great  solidity  and  worth."— Dr.  E.  Williams'*  C.  P. 
Ibis  elaborate  performance."— Lelantfs  Deistical  Writers,  q.  v. 

2.  Memoirs  of  his  Life.     Continued  by  James  Watson, 
Edin.,  1715,  8vo.    With  a  Pref.  by  Dr.  Isaac  Watts,  Lon., 
1718,  8vo. 

«  Specially  valuable  for  a  minister."— BickersteWs  C.  S. 

3.  The  Great  Concern  of  Salvation,  Edin.,  1722,  8vo. 
Still  highly  esteemed.    4.  Ten  serms.  on  the  Lord's  Sup 
per,  1722,  8vo.     5.  His  Works,  with  an  Essay  on  his  Life 
and  Writings  by  Robert  Burns,  D.D.,  Lon.,  1835,  8vo. 

"No  Christian's,  and  especially  no  Scottish  clergy  man's,  library 
should  be  without  a  copy."— Scottish  Guardian. 
"  He  was  a  man  of  great  piety,  bright  natural  parts,  studious 


learning,  and  uncommon  penetration  and  judgment." — DR.  ISAAC 
WATTS.    See  his  Memoirs. 

Halyburton,  Wm.     Georgics,  Edin.,  1782,  8vo. 

Ham,  Robert.     Visit.  Serm.,  Lon.,  1713,  8vo. 

Hambletoii,  John.  Serms.  on  the  53d  of  Isaiah, 
The  Beatitudes,  Ac.,  Lon.  1831,  8vo. 

"  Truly  scriptural  in  their  character." — Lon.  Chris.  Observ. 

Other  serms.  and  theolog.  works. 

Hamel,  Felix  John.  The  Laws  of  the  Customs, 
Lon.,  1854,  r.  8vo. 

"  Mr.  Hamel's  work  evinces  a  thorough  intimacy  with  the  learn 
ing  of  Revenue  Law." — Leg.  Observer. 

Hamersley,  Rich.  Advice  to  Sunday  Barbers 
against  Trimming  on  the  Lord's  Day,  Lon.,  1706,  8vo. 

Hamey,  Baldwin.  De  Juramento  Medicorum, 
Lon.,  1693,  4to. 

Hamilton,  Marquis  of.  Declaration  and  Vindica 
tion  of  Himself,  1638,  4to. 

Hamilton,  Lady.  Secret  Hist,  of  the  Court  of  Eng 
land  from  the  Accession  of  George  III.  to  the  Death  of 
George  IV.,  1832,  2  vols.  8vo. 

"The  only  genuine  secret  history  of  the  period,  written  by  the 
sister  of  the  late  Duke  of  Hamilton.  It  abounds  in  most  inte 
resting  sketches  of  the  notabilities  of  Carlton  House  and  the  Pa 
vilion,  and  admits  the  reader  at  once  behind  the  scenes  relative 
to  the  transactions  with  Queen  Caroline,  the  Countess  of  Jersey, 
Sir  Sidney  Smith,  Ac." 

Hamilton,  Mrs.  Housekeeping-Book,  Lon.,  1853, 
'55,  8vo. 

"  Some  very  sensible  advice  to  young  housekeepers  is  prefixed." 
—Lon.  Spectator. 

Hamilton,  A.     Serms.,  Edin.,  1696, 12mo. 

Hamilton,  Miss  A.    Novels,  1806-11. 

Hamilton,  A.  G.     New  Key  to  unlock  every  King 
dom,  State,  and  Province  in  the  known  world,  12mo. 
.  "Any  person  possessing  the  matter  that  this  small  volume  con 
tains  may  pass  through  the  world  as  a  clever  man." — Edin.  Rev. 

Hamilton,  Captain  Alexander.  A  New  Account 
of  the  East  Indies,  Edin.,  1727,  2  vols.  8vo;  Lon.,  1744, 
2  vols.  8vo.  Also  in  vol.  viii.  of  Pinkerton's  Collection 
of  Voyages  and  Travels.  Capt.  H.  gives  the  results  of 
thirty  years'  observations  in  these  parts. 

"One  of  the  best  of  the  earlier  accounts  of  India." — McCullocli's 
Lit.  of  Polit.  Econ. 

Hamilton,  Major-General  Alexander,  1757- 
1804,  one  of  the  most  distinguished  of  the  soldiers  and 
statesmen  of  the  American  Revolution,  was  born  in  the 
island  of  Nevis,  of  which  his  mother  was  a  native, 
his  father  being  a  Scotchman.  At  the  age  of  fifteen 
he  was  entered  as  a  private  student  in  King's  (now 
Columbia)  College.  When  only  seventeen,  he  pub.  a 
series  of  admirable  essays  on  the  Rights  of  the  Colonies ; 
before  he  was  nineteen,  he  entered  the  Revolutionary 
army  as  a  captain  of  artillery;  in  1777  he  became  aide- 
de-camp  to  General  Washington,  with  the  rank  of  lieu 
tenant-colonel;  in  1780  he  was  married  to  the  second 
daughter  of  General  Schuyler,  who  survived  her  husband 
half  a  century ;  in  1782  he  was  elected  a  member  of  Con 
gress  from  the  State  of  New  York;  in  1786  he  was  chosen 
a  member  of  the  Legislature  of  New  York ;  in  1787  he 
was  a  delegate  to  the  Convention  which  framed  the  Con 
stitution  of  the  United  States :  in  1788  he  pub.,  in  con 
junction  with  Madison  and  Jay,  the  celebrated  essays 
entitled  The  Federalist ;  in  the  same  year  he  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  State  Convention  of  New  York,  summoned  to 
ratify  the  Constitution  proposed  for  the  United  States ;  in 
1789  he  became  Secretary  of  the  Treasury;  in  1795  he 
applied  himself  to  the  practice  of  the  law  in  the  city  of 
New  York ;  in  1798  he  was,  at  Washington's  request,  ap 
pointed  second  in  command  of  the  provisional  army, 
summoned  to  repel  an  apprehended  invasion  of  the  French; 
on  the  death  of  Washington,  in  1799,  he  succeeded  to  the 
chief  command  of  the  army;  on  the  disbanding  of  the 
army  he  returned  to  private  life,  and  practised  at  the  Bar 
until  1804,  when,  on  the  12th  of  June,  his  life  was  termi 
nated  by  a  wound  received  the  day  preceding  in  a  duel 
with  Colonel  Aaron  Burr. 

He  was  a  man  of  extraordinary  intellectual  capacity, 
and  of  great  firmness  and  energy  of  character;  and  to 
no  one,  with  the  exception  of  the  illustrious  Washington, 
are  the  people  of  the  United  States  more  deeply  indebted 
for  the  republican  freedom  which  they  now  enjoy.  His 
political  essays  abound  with  choice  specimens  of  argumen 
tative  rhetoric  and  logical  precision.  An  edit,  of  his  works, 
comprising  Official  Reports,  The  Federalist,^Ac.,  was  pub. 
in  1810,  3  vols.  sm.  8vo.  His  Official  and  "other  Papers, 
edited  by  Francis  L.  Hawks,  D.D.,  appeared  in  1842,  8vo  ; 
and  in  1851  a  carefully-prepared  edit,  of  his  Works,  pub. 
from  the  original  MSS.  in  the  Department  of  State,  and 
edited  by  his  son,  John  C.  Hamilton,  was  issued  in  7  vols. 


HAM 


HAM 


8vo.  The  edit,  of  1810,  3  vols.  sm.  8vo,  must  accompany 
this  last  edit.,  as  the  former  contains  matter  not  to  be 
found  in  the  latter.  Memoirs  of  his  Life  were  pub.  by  his 
son,  John  0.  Hamilton,  in  2  vols.  8vo,  1834-40 ;  and  Mr. 
Coleman  pub.  in  1804,  8vo,  a  Collection  of  the  Facts  and 
Documents  relative  to  the  death  of  Major-General  Alex 
ander  Hamilton.  In  Mr.  John  C.  Hamilton's  History  of 
the  Republic,  &c.,  vol.  i.,  1858,  8vo,  will  be  found  a  sketch 
of  Hamilton's  career.  This  vol.  has  been  severely  criti 
cized.  The  best-known  of  his  works  are  the  papers  en 
titled  The  Federalist,  a  collection  of  Essays  on  the  Ame 
rican  Constitution,  pub.  in  1788,  under  the  signature  of 
"Publius,"  in  the  interval  between  the  publication  and 
the  adoption  of  the  Constitution,  and  designed  to  explain 
its  merits  to  the  people  at  large.  There  are  eighty-five 
of  these  political  essays,  and  their  authorship  is  distributed 
as  follows : 

By  Alexander  Hamilton :  Nos.  1,  6,  7,  8,  9,  11,  12,  13, 
15,  16, 17,  21, 22, 23, 24, 25,  26, 27,  28, 29,  30,  31,  32,  33, 34, 
35,  36,  59,  60,  61, 65,  66, 67, 68,  69, 70,  71,  72,  73,  74, 75,  76, 
77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85.  Fifty- one  Nos. 

By  James  Madison :  Nos.  10, 14, 18,  19,  20,  37,  38,  39, 
40,  41,  42,  43,  44,  45, 46,  47,  48,  49,  50,  51,  52,  53,  54,  55,  56, 
57,  58,  62,  63.  Twenty-nine  Nos. 

By  John  Jay :  Nos.  2,  3,  4,  5,  64.     Five  Nos. 

These  celebrated  essays  have  elicited  enthusiastic  com 
mendation  on  both  sides  of  the  water ;  and  indeed  it  would 
be  difficult  to  exaggerate  the  merits  of  The  Federalist : 

"  It  ought  to  be  familiar  to  the  statesmen  of  every  nation." — DE 
TOCQUEVILLE. 

"  A  work  which  exhibits  an  extent  and  precision  of  information, 
a  profundity  of  research,  and  an  acuteness  of  understanding, 
which  would  have  done  honour  to  the  most  illustrious  statesmen 
of  antient  or  modern  times."— Edin.  Rev.,  xii.  471 :  Review  of  HMr 
house  on  Amendment  of  American  Constitution. 

"  The  whole  of  the  letters  combined  present  to  us  a  masterly 
commentary  on  the  American  Constitution,  which  ought  to  be 
placed  by  the  side  of  Blackstone  in  the  library  of  every  English 
man."—  Lon.  Month.  Rev.,  cxii.  518:  Review  of  the  Federalist. 
^  "  It  is  a  work,  altogether,  which,  for  comprehensiveness  of  de 
sign,  strength,  clearness  and  simplicity,  has  no  parallel — we  do 
not  even  except  or  overlook  those  of  Montesquieu  and  Aristotle — 
among  the  political  writings  of  men." — Blackwood's  Mag.,  xvii.  56 : 
American  Writers,  No.  4. 

"  No  constitution  of  government  ever  received  a  more  masterly 
and  successful  vindication.  I  know  not,  indeed,  of  any  work  on 
the  principles  of  free  government  that  is  to  be  compared,  in  in 
struction  and  intrinsic  value,  to  this  small  and  unpretending 
volume  of  the  Federalist ;  not  even  if  we  resort  to  Aristotle,  Cicero, 
Machiavel,  Montesquieu,  Milton,  Locke,  or  Burke.  It  is  equally 
admirable  in  the  depth  of  its  wisdom,  the  comprehensiveness  of 
its  views,  the  sagacity  of  its  reflections,  and  the  fearlessness,  pa 
triotism,  candour,  simplicity,  and  elegance,  with  which  its  truths 
are  uttered  and  recommended.  Mr.  Justice  Story  acted  wisely  in 
making  the  Federalist  the  basis  of  his  Commentary." — CHANCELLOR 
KENT:  Com.  on  Amer.  Law,  ed.  1854,  i.  256,  257. 

We  shall  now  proceed  to  quote  some  testimonies  to  the 
merits  of  Hamilton '  exclusively,  although,  indeed,  by  far 
the  larger  share  of  each  of  the  eulogies  cited  above  be 
longs  by  right  to  him  : 

"  It  was  from  him  that  the  Federalist  derived  the  weight  and 
the  power  which  commanded  the  careful  attention  of  the  country, 
and  carried  conviction  to  the  great  body  of  intelligent  men  in  all 
parts  of  the  Union."— GEORGE  TICKNOR  CURTIS  :  Hist,  of  the  Constit. 
of  the  U.  States,  1854,  vol.  i.  417.  Read  Mr.  Curtis's  observations 
on  the  edits,  of  the  Federalist. 

"  His  are  easily  distinguished  by  their  superior  comprehensive 
ness,  practicalness,  originality,  and  condensed  and  polished  dic 
tion.''^.  W.  GRISWOLD  :  Life  of  Hamilton,  in  The  Prose  Writers  of 
America. 

But  to  proceed  with  our  promised  quotations  : 

"Hamilton  must  be  classed  among  the  men  who  have  best 
known  the  vital  principles  and  fundamental  conditions  of  a 
government,— not  of  a  government  such  as  this,  (France,)  but  of  a 
government  worthy  of  its  mission  and  of  its  name.  There  is  not 
in  the  constitution  of  the  United  States  an  element  of  order,  of 
force,  or  of  duration,  which  he  has  not  powerfully  contributed  to 
introduce  into  it  and  caused  to  predominate." — GuizoFs  Character 
and  Influence  of  Washington. 

"Of  Hamilton,  in  an  especial  manner,  I  admire  your  warm  and 
characteristic  eulogy.  I  have  always  believed  that  his  title  to  re 
nown  was  as  great  as  you  have  portrayed  it.  I  never  knew  him ; 
but  I  have  deemed  him  a  giant  among  his  contemporaries,  of  whom 
it  might  truly  be  said,  toto  vertice  supra  est." — Judge  Story  to 
Chancellor  Kent,  Dec.  22, 1836 :  Life  and  Letters  of  Judge  Story, H.25S. 

"  The  model  of  eloquence  and  the  most  fascinating  of  orators. 
With  all  his  failings,  he  possessed  a  high  and  ennobled  spirit,  and 
acquired  an  influence  from  his  overwhelming  talents  which  death 
alone  swept  away."— JUDGE  STORY  :  Letter  to  Mrs.  Story,  Feb.  7, 
1810:  Life  and  Letters,  i.  196. 

In  the  letter  from  which  we  have  just  quoted,  Judge 
Story  refers  to  an  interview  which  he  had  with  Mrs. 
Hamilton, — General  Hamilton's  widow, — in  the  city  of 
Washington,  and  the  melancholy  feelings  thereby  excited. 
The  death  of  Hamilton  is  indeed  a  sad  theme,  and  nothing 
can  be  said  in  vindication  of  the  fatal  step  which  was  the 
cause  of  his  untimely  removal  from  patriotic  usefulness 


and  unbounded  honours.  How  long  shall  the  "public 
opinion"  of  fools,  bravoes,  and  cowards — for  of  these  de 
graded  classes  nine-tenths  of  your  duellists  and  theii 
apologists  are  composed — have  power  to  terrify  such 
noble  characters  as  Alexander  Hamilton  into  open  and 
impious  defiance  of  the  laws  of  God  and  man  ?  Yet  it  is 
no  small  satisfaction  to  know  that  he  deeply  regretted  his 
error,  and  sought  reconciliation  with  his  Maker  with 
"unfeigned  humiliation  and  a  trembling  hope."  Imme 
diately  before  participating  in  that  solemn  rite  by  which 
the  Church  reminds  the  departing  believer  of  the  effectual 
atonement  once  offered  for  the  sins  of  men,  he  declared : 

"  I  have  a  tender  reliance  on  the  mercy  of  the  Almighty  through 
the  merits  of  the  Lord  Jesus  Christ." 

He  was  a  careful  student  of  the  oracles  of  Divine  Reve 
lation  ;  and,  as  the  author  of  this  Dictionary  was  assured 
by  his  respected  widow,  his  Bible  still  retains  the  pencilled 
indications  of  the  interest  excited  in  his  mind  by  the  pe 
rusal  of  particular  passages  of  the  Scriptures. 

But  we  do  not  feel  willing  to  leave  the  contemplation 
of  his  memory  without  some  further  quotations  to  the  emi 
nent  abilities  of  this  illustrious  man  : 

"  The  name  of  Hamilton  would  have  honoured  Greece  in  the  age 
of  Aristides.  May  Heaven,  the  guardian  of  our  liberty,  grant  that 
our  country  may  be  fruitful  of  Hamiltons,  and  faithful  to  their 
glory.  .  .  .  Virtue  so  rare,  so  pure,  so  bold,  by  its  very  purity  and 
excellence  inspired  suspicion  as  a  prodigy.  His  enemies  judged 
of  him  by  themselves ;  so  splendid  and  arduous  were  his  services, 
they  could  not  find  it  in  their  hearts  to  believe  that  they  were 
disinterested." — FISHER  AMES  :  Sketch  of  the  Character  of  Alexander 
Hamilton,  1804. 

In  the  following  sentence  Ames  is  thought  to  have 
admirably  expressed  the  public  virtues  and  social  attrac 
tions  of  Hamilton : 

"  It  is  not  as  Apollo,  enchanting  the  shepherds  with  his  lyre, 
that  we  deplore  him ;  it  is  as  Hercules,  treacherously  slain  in  the 
midst  of  his  unfinished  labours,  leaving  the  world  overrun  with 
monsters." 

"  Melancholy,  most  melancholy  news  for  America — the  prema 
ture  death  of  her  greatest  man,  Major-General  Hamilton !  .  .  .  His 
most  stupendous  talents,  which  set  him  above  rivalship,  and  his 
integrity,  with  which  intrigue  had  not  the  hardihood  to  tamper, 
held  him  up  as  the  nation's  hope  and  as  the  terror  of  the  unprin 
cipled." — REV.  DR.  JOHN  M.  MASON  :  Letter  to  a  Friend  in  Scotland, 
Aug.  11, 1804.  And  see  his  Eulogy  on  Hamilton  before  the  Society 
of  the  Cincinnati,  in  New  York. 

"Writing  to  a  European  correspondent  who  had  taken  some 
exceptions  to  portions  of  this  Oration  in  honour  of  Hamilton,  Dr. 
Mason  remarks  as  follows  in  defence  of  the  high  position  which 
he  had  ascribed  to  the  soldier-statesman  of  the  Revolution: 

" '  It  is  very  natural  that  readers  on  your  side  of  the  water  should 
suspect  the  eulogism  to  be  overcharged.  So  do  some  among  our 
selves  ;  but  not  one  who  knew  him.  I  knew  him  well,  and  I  assure 
you  that  what  I  have  said  is  sober,  literal  truth.  Such  a  human 
being  I  never  saw,  and  probably  never  shall  see  in  this  world.' 

"In  another  letter,  soon  after  the  calamity  of  Hamilton's  death, 
he  writes : 

" '  The  greatest  statesman  in  the  Western  World,  perhaps  the 
greatest  man  of  the  age,  has  been  cut  off  in  the  48th  year  of  his 
age  by  the  murderous  arm  of  Vice-President  Burr.  The  death  of 
Major-General  Alexander  Hamilton  has  created  a  waste  in  the 
sphere  of  intellect  and  probity  which  a  century  will  hardly  fill  up. 
He  has  left  none  like  him :  no  second,  no  third,  nobody  to  put  us 
in  mind  of  him.  You  can  have  no  conception  of  such  a  man  un 
less  you  knew  him.' 

"  That  the  Eulogy  of  Hamilton  as  pronounced  by  Dr.  Mason 
was  not  exaggerated  in  its  admiring  portraiture  is  the  testimony 
of  a  judicial  mind  like  that  of  John  Marshall.  In  acknowledging 
the  receipt  of  a  copy  of  Dr.  M.'s  oration,  that  pure-minded  jurist 
wrote  as  follows : 

" '  I  lament  sincerely  the  loss  of  the  great  man  whose  character 
you  have  drawn  so  well.  While  I  truly  deplore  his  fate,  I  may  be 
permitted  to  indulge  a  hope  that  it  may  have  some  tendency  to 
cast  odium  on  a  practice  which  deserves  every  censure  you  have 
bestowed  upon  it.' " 

Dr.  Mason  was  engaged  for  a  number  of  years  in  pre 
paring  materials  for  a  life  of  Hamilton,  but  never  com 
pleted  his  design.  See  Van  Vechten's  Life  of  Dr.  Mason, 
N.  York,  1856. 

The  marvellous  effects  of  the  genius  of  Hamilton,  when 
applied  to  the  disordered  finances  of  the  young  American 
republic,  exhibit  one  of  the  most  remarkable  evidences  of 
his  pre-eminent  abilities : 

"At  the  time  when  our  government  was  organized  we  were 
without  funds,  though  not  without  resources.  To  call  them  into 
action  and  establish  order  in  the  finances,  Washington  sought  for 
splendid  talents,  for  extensive  information,  and,  above  all,  he 
sought  for  sterling,  incorruptible  integrity.  All  these  he  found 
in  Hamilton."— GOUVERNEUR  MORRIS:  Funeral  Oration  by  the  dead 
body  of  Hamilton. 

"  He  smote  the  rock  of  the  national  resources,  and  abundant 
streams  of  revenue  gushed  forth.  He  touched  the  dead  corpse  of 
the  Public  Credit,  and  it  sprung  upon  its  feet.  The  fabled  birth 
of  Minerva  from  the  brain  of  Jove  was  hardly  more  sudden  or 
more  perfect  than  the  financial  system  of  the  United  States  as  it 
burst  forth  from  the  conception  of  Alexander  Hamilton." — DANIEL 
WEBSTER  :  Speech  at  a  Public  Dinner  in  New  York,  Feb.  1831. 

The  vital  energy  thus  infused  into  the  financial  system 
of  the  United  States  by  Hamilton  did  not  expire  with  the 

773 


HAM 


HAM 


source  fr«m  which  it  drew  its  life.  So  far  from  this  is  the 
truth,  that,  to  quote  the  language  of  Mr.  Gallatin,  Secre 
taries  of  the  Treasury  have  since  enjoyed  a  sinecure,  the 
genius  and  labours  of  Hamilton  having  created  and  ar 
ranged  every  thing  that  was  necessary  for  the  perfect  and 
easy  discharge  of  their  duties.  Indeed,  the  rapidity  with 
which  Hamilton  planned,  digested,  and  executed  his  de 
signs,  was  one  of  his  most  striking  peculiarities  : 

"He  was  capable  of  intense  and  effectual  application,  as  is 
abundantly  proved  by  his  public  labours.  But  he  had  a  rapidity 
and  clearness  of  conception  in  which  he  may  not  have  been 
equalled.  One  who  knew  his  habits  of  study  said  of  him,  that 
when  he  had  a  serious  object  to  accomplish  his  practice  was  to  re 
flect  on  it  previously ;  and,  when  he  had  gone  through  this  labour, 
he  retired  to  sleep,  without  regard  to  the  hour  of  night,  and,  hav 
ing  slept  six  or  seven  hours,  he  rose,  and,  having  taken  strong 
coffee,  seated  himself  at  his  table,  where  he  would  remain  six, 
seven,  or  eight  hours ;  and  the  product  of  his  rapid  pen  required 
little  correction  for  the  press."— WILLIAM  SULLIVAN:  Sketch  of 
Hamilton,  from  the  Familiar  Letters. 

"Where,  among  all  the  speculative  philosophers  in  political 
science  whom  the  world  has  seen,  shall  we  find  a  man  of  greater 
acuteness  of  intellect,  or  more  capable  of  devising  a  scheme  of  go 
vernment  which  should  appear  theoretically  perfect  ?  Yet  Hamil 
ton's  unquestionable  genius  for  political  disquisition  and  con 
struction  was  directed  and  restrained  by  a  noble  generosity,  and 
an  unerring  perception  of  the  practicable  and  the  expedient, 
which  enabled  him  to  serve  mankind  without  attempting  to  force 
them  to  his  own  plans,  and  without  compelling  them  into  his  own 
views." — GEORGE  TICKNOE  CURTIS  :  Hist,  of  the  Amer.  Cbnstit.,  1854, 
vol.  i.  387,  3S8. 

"Among  all  the  remarkable  men  of  the  Revolution,  we  know  of 
no  one  who,  for  the  attributes  which  usually  mark  genius,  was 
more  distinguished.  He  was  endowed  with  a  singularly  compre 
hensive  mind,  which  enabled  him  to  originate  forms  of  govern 
ment  and  systems  of  administration,  whilst  he  united  with  it  an 
intrepidity  and  an  energy  equal  to  the  task  of  putting  them  in 
execution." — CHARLES  FRANCIS  ADAMS  :  .ZV.  Amer.  Rev.}  liii.  70 :  Re 
view  of  the  Madison  Papers. 

"In  Hamilton's  death  the  Federalists  and  the  country  expe 
rienced  a  loss  second  only  to  that  of  Washington.  Hamilton  pos 
sessed  the  same  rare  and  lofty  qualities,  the  same  just  balance  of 
soul,  with  less,  indeed,  of  Washington's  severe  simplicity  and 
awe-inspiring  presence,  but  with  more  of  warmth,  variety,  orna 
ment,  and  grace.  If  the  Doric  in  architecture  may  be  taken  as 
the  symbol  of  Washington's  character,  Hamilton's  belonged  to  the 
same  grand  style  as  developed  in  the  Corinthian,— if  less  impres 
sive,  more  winning.  If  we  add  Jay  for  the  Ionic,  we  have  a  trio 
not  to  be  matched,  in  fact  not  to  be  approached,  in  our  history,  if 
indeed  in  any  other.  Of  earth-born  Titans,  as  terrible  as  great, — 
now  angels,  and  now  toads  and  serpents, — there  are  everywhere 
enough.  Of  the  serene  and  benign  sons  of  the  celestial  gods,  how 
few  at  any  time  have  walked  the  earth!"— RICHARD  HILDRETH: 
Hist,  of  the  U.  States. 

"  Next  to  Washington  stands  the  name  of  Hamilton  on  the  roll 
of  American  fame  and  in  its  demands  on  the  gratitude  of  his 
country.  We,  at  least,  have  grown  gray  in  that  faith,  and  the 
events  of  every  succeeding  day  serve  but  to  confirm  our  early  and 
unchanged  creed.  The  working  of  the  political  institutions  of  our 
country,  whether  for  good  or  evil,  has  never  ceased  to  indicate  a 
prophetic  mind  in  Hamilton."— FRANCIS  L.  HAWKS,  D.D. :  JV.  York 
Review,  viii.  121 :  Review  of  John  G.  Hamilton's  Life  of  Alexander 
Hamilton. 

Read  this  eloquent  sketch  of  the  public  character  of 
Hamilton.  See  also  Amer.  Quar.  Rev.,  xv.  311;  Walsh's 
Ann.  Rev.,  i.  201 ;  ii.  1 ;  Dem.  Rev.,  xi.  142 ;  Chris.  Ex 
am.,  xxix.  243 ;  McCulloch's  Lit.  of  Polit.  Econ. 

The  conjunction  thus  presented  of  the  names  of  Wash 
ington  and  Hamilton  affords  us  an  opportunity  of  quoting 
the  glowing  tribute  of  the  latter  to  the  merits  of  his  illus 
trious  friend  and  compatriot : 

"  When  the  decease  of  the  illustrious  and  beloved  commander- 
in-chief  in  1799  was  officially  announced  to  the  army  of  the  United 
States  by  General  Hamilton,  who  of  all  his  honoured  and  trusted 
associates  stood  highest,  I  think,  in  the  affections  and  confidence 
of  the  chief,  it  was  truly  said  by  him  in  his  general  orders,  that '  the 
voice  of  praise  would  in  vain  endeavour  to  exalt  a  name  unrivalled 
in  the  lists  of  true  glory.' " — EDWARD  EVERETT  :  Oration  on  Wash 
ington,  delivered  in  many  of  the  principal  cities  of  the  Union  in  1856. 

But  we  have  already  far  transcended  the  limits  which 
we  had  assigned  for  the  extent  of  this  article.  Yet  we 
feel  unwilling  to  conclude  without  gratifying  the  reader 
by  quoting  for  his  benefit  the  following  letter  from  Mr. 
George  Ticknor,  of  Boston,  the  distinguished  author  of 
the  History  of  Spanish  Literature,  to  Mr.  George  Ticknor 
Curtis,  the  author  of  the  History  of  the  Constitution  of 
the  United  States : 

"While  these  sheets  are  passing  through  the  press,  Mr.  Ticknor 
writes  to  me  as  follows:  'One  day  in  January,  1819,  talking  with 
Prince  Talleyrand  in  Paris,  about  his  visit  to  America,  he  ex 
pressed  the  highest  admiration  of  Mr.  Hamilton,  saying,  among 
other  things,  that  he  had  known  nearly  all  the  marked  men  of 
his  time,  but  that  he  had  never  known  one,  on  the  whole  equal 

v°him-i,  J  T*8  muU(ib  surPri.8ed  *nd  Stifled  with  the  remark; 
but  still,  feeling  that,  as  an  American,  I  was  in  some  sort  a  party 
concerned  by  patriotism  in  the  compliment,  I  answered,  with  a 
little  reserve,  that  the  great  military  commanders  and  the  great 
statesmen  of  Europe  had  dealt  with  larger  masses  and  wider  in 
terests  than  he  had.  "Mais,  monsieur,"  the  Prince  instantly 
replied,  "  Hamilton  avait  devin&  1'Europe.'"" 
774 


Hamilton,  Alexander,  M.D.,  Prof,  of  Midwifery  in 
the  Univ.  of  Edin.,  pub.  several  works  on  Midwifery,  Fe 
male  Complaints,  Ac.,  1775-92.  See  Watt's  Bibl.  Brit. 

Hamilton,  Andrew,  Rector  of  Kilskerrie.  Actions 
of  the  Iniskilling  Men,  1688,  Ac.,  Lon.,  1690,  4to. 

Hamilton,  Andrew.    Taxation,  1790,  '93,  4to. 

Hamilton,  Count  Anthony,  d.  at  St.  Germain's, 
1720,  aged  74,  a  native  of  Ireland,  of  an  ancient  Scotch 
family,  followed  both  Charles  II.  and  James  I.  into  exile. 
He  was  distinguished  as  a  wit,  a  man  of  fashion,  and  an 
author.  He  wrote — 1.  Memoires  du  Compte  de  Grammont, 
1713, 12mo.  2.  Le  Belier ;  Conte,  1749, 4to.  3.  Les  Quatres 
Facardins  et  Zeneide;  Contes,  1749,  12mo.  4.  Histoire 
de  Fleur  d'Epine ;  Conte,  1749,  12mo.  There  have  been, 
several  edits,  of  the  Memoirs  of  Grammont,  and  of  the 
collected  works  of  the  author. 

"  The  best  edition  of  Hamilton's  Works  (of  course  including 
these  Memoirs)  is  by  Renouard,  in  1812,  4  vols.  8\o."—I>ibdin's 
Lib.  Oomp.,  q.  v. ;  and  see  also,  for  an  account  of  edits.,  Lowndes's 
Bibl.  Man.,  and  Watt's  Bibl.  Brit. 

The  edit,  of  the  Memoirs  of  Grammont,  in  English,  pub. 
in  1811,  2  vols.  8vo,  with  64  portraits,  and  notes  by  Sir 
Walter  Scott,  is  highly  valued.  The  Eastern  Tales  of 
Grammont  were  intended  to  ridicule  the  passion  which 
prevailed  at  the  time  for  marvellous  fictions  : 

"  It  is  possible  that  Count  Anthony  Hamilton  may  have  written 
those  tales  which  nave  made  him  famous  before  the  end  of  the 
century,  though  they  were  published  after.  But  these,  with  many 
admirable  strokes  of  wit  and  invention,  have  too  forced  a  tone  in 
both  these  qualities;  the  labour  is  too  evident,  and,  thrown  away 
on  such  trifling,  excites  something  like  contempt ;  they  are  written 
for  an  exclusive  coterie,  not  for  the  world;  and  the  world  in  all 
such  cases  will  sooner  or  later  take  its  revenge.  Yet  Hamilton's 
Tales  are  incomparably  superior  to  what  followed." — Hallam's  Lit. 
Hist,  of  Europe. 

The  Memoirs  of  Grammont  are  now  much  better  known 
than  the  Tales. 

"  The  Memoirs  of  Grammont,  by  Anthony  Hamilton,  scarcely 
challenge  a  place  as  historical,  but  we  are  now  looking  more  at  the 
style  than  the  intrinsic  importance  of  books.  Every  one  is  aware 
of  the  peculiar  felicity  and  fescinating  gaiety  which  they  display." 
— HALLAM  :  ubi  supra. 

"The  artist  to  which  we  owe  the  most  highly-finished  and 
vividly-coloured  picture  of  the  English  Court  in  the  days  when 
the  English  Court  was  gayest." — T.  B.  MACAULAY  :  Hist,  of  Una- 
land,  vol.  iv.,  1856. 

"  A  classic  work,  the  delight  of  every  man  and  woman  of  taste." 
— GIBBON. 

Mr.  Gibbon  forgets  to  tell  us  what  kind  of  taste  he  refers 
to :  his  own  was  not  always  unimpeachable.  Dr.  Dibdin's 
comment  upon  this  volume  should  not  be  omitted  in  this 
connexion : 

"  One  hardly  knows  wherefore,  but  the  leaves  of  this  book  are 
turned  over  by  hands  and  perused  by  eyes  which  are  forbidden  to 
be  exercised  on  other  books  of  comparatively  less  mischief.  It 
may  indeed  be  called,  in  too  many  instances,  a  privileged  volume 
of  systematic  profligacy." — Lib.  Comp. 

A  new  ed.  of  the  Memoirs  was  pub.  in  1846, 12mo ;  and  a 
new  ed.  of  the  Fairy  Tales,  in  1849,  sq.,  (Bohn's  Lib. ;)  trans, 
from  the  French  by  M.  Lewis,  H.  T.  Ryde,  and  C.  Kenny. 

"  These  tales  appear  to  us  cumbrous  and  entangled,  their  satire 
insipid,  and  their  meaning  rather  unmeaning.  Measured  against 
Voltaire's  philosophical  stories,  or  Dean  Swift's  bitter  caricatures, 
they  are  pigmies  indeed ;  and  their  popularity  with  him  who  loved 
to  quote  them  [Horace  Walpole]  is  but  another  proof  of  the  factitious 
value  with  which  genius  can  invest  that  which  is  essentially  me 
diocre — at  once  giving  to  trifles  the  importance  and  turning  them 
to  the  use  of  treasures."— ion.  Athenatum,  1849,  p.  953 :  notice  of 
the  ed.  of  1849. 

Hamilton,  Anthony,  D.D.     Serm.,  1787,  4to. 

Hamilton,  Archibald.  Theolog.  treatises,  Paris, 
1577-81. 

Hamilton,  Lord  Archibald.  Answer  to  articles 
against  him  (Lon.,  1717,  8vo)  as  Gov.  of  Jamaica,  Lon., 
1718,  8vo. 

Hamilton,  Archibald,  M.D.  Med.  Con.  to  Ess. 
Phys.  and  Lit.,  1756. 

Hamilton,  Lord  Archibald,  M.P.  1.  Thoughts  on 
the  Administrations,  Lon.,  1804,  8vo.  2.  Speech,  1819. 

Hamilton,  Hon.  Charles.  Descrip.  of  a  Clepsydra 
or  Water  Clock ;  Phil.  Trans.,  1746. 

Hamilton,  Charles,  Captain   E.  I.  Co.,  d.  1792. 

1.  The  Patriot;  a  Trag.,  Lon.,  1784,  8vo.     2.  Hist,  of  the 
Rokilla  Afghans,  1787,  8vo.     3.  Trans,  of  the  Hedaya,  or 
Guide;  a  Comment,  on  the  Mussulman  Laws,  1791, 4  vols. 
4to.     A  valuable  work. 

Hamilton,  Charles.   Transactions  during  the  Reign 

of  Q.  Anne  from  the  Union  to  her  death,  Edin.,  1790,  8vo. 

Hamilton,  David.     1.  Christianity,  Lon.,  1697, 8vo. 

2.  Revelation,  1701,  8vo. 

Hamilton,  Sir  David.  Military  Fever;  in  Latin, 
Lon.,  1710,  8vo;  in  English,  1730,  8vo. 

Hamilton,  Elizabeth,  1758-1816,  asister  of  Captain 
Charles  Hamilton,  gained  considerable  reputation  as  an 


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authoress.  The  following  are  her  principal  works :  1.  Let 
ters  of  a  Hindoo  Rajah,  Lon.,  1796,  2  vols.  8vo.  2.  Me 
moirs  of  Modern  Philosophers,  Bath,  1800,  3  vols.  8vo. 
3.  Letters  on  Education,  Lon.,  1801-02,  2  vols.  8vo.  4.  Life 
of  Agrippina,  Bath,  1804,  3  vols.  8vo.  5.  Letters  on  the 
Moral  and  Religious  Principle,  1806,  2  vols.  8vo.  6.  The 
Cottagers  of  Glenburnie,  Edin.,  1808,  8vo. 

"A  picture  of  the  rural  habits  of  Scotland,  of  striking  and  im 
pressive  fidelity."— SIR  WALTER  SCOTT. 

«  We  have  not  met  with  any  thing  nearly  so  good  as  this,  since 
we  read  the  Castle  Rackrent  and  the  Popular  Tales  of  Miss  Edge- 
worth.  This  contains  as  admirable  a  picture  of  the  Scottish  pea 
santry  as  those  do  of  the  Irish ;  and  rivals  them  not  only  in  the 
general  truth  of  the  delineations,  and  in  the  cheerfulness  and 
practical  good  sense  of  the  lessons  they  convey,  but  in  the  nice 
iiscrimination  of  national  character,  and  the  skill  with  which  a 
dramatic  representation  of  humble  life  is  saved  from  caricature 
and  absurdity." — LORD  JEFFREY  :  Edin.  Rev.,  xii.  401-410. 

This  tale  has  had  a  most  beneficial  influence  upon 
domestic  economy  in  Scotland. 

7.  Rules  of  the  Annuity  Fund,  1808,  4to.  8.  Exercises 
in  Religious  Knowledge,  1809,  12mo.  9.  Popular  Essays, 
1813,  2  vols.  8vo.  10.  Hints  to  the  Patrons  and  Directors 
of  Schools,  1815, 12mo.  11.  The  46th  No.  of  The  Lounger, 
1785.  There  have  been  new  edits,  of  this  lady's  writ 
ings. 

"  Elizabeth  Hamilton,  like  Madame  D'Arblay,  paints  the  passing 
events,  the  fleeting  manners,  and  changing  condition  of  social  life ; 
but  then  her  pictures  are  taken  from  the  shepherd's  hut  and  the 
husbandman's  hovel,  and,  amid  much  that  is  now  past  and  gone, 
show  not  a  little  of  a  fixed  and  permanent  nature."— ALLAN  CCN- 
NINGHAM  :  Biog.  and  Orit.  Hist,  of  the  Lit.  of  the  Last  Fifty  Years. 

The  Memoirs  of  Elizabeth  Hamilton,  with  a  Selection 
from  her  Correspondence  and  other  unpublished  writings, 
were  pub.  by  Miss  Benger  in  1818,  2  vols.  8vo,  and  a  bio 
graphical  account  of  her  will  be  found  in  Mrs.  Elwood's 
Literary  Ladies  of  England. 

Hamilton,  Miss  Eliza  Mary.  Poems  on  several 
Occasions,  Lon.,  1838,  12mo. 

"  Such  poetry  as  this  will  always  be  read  as  the  faithful  record 
of  the  moments  in  which  it  was  conceived.  It  is  tinged  with  the 
very  hue  of  phantasy,  and  tells  of  feeling  that  never  is  felt  but 
by  the  poet."— Dubl.  Univ.  Mag.,  xii.  237. 

Hamilton,  Emma.    Novels,  1810-13. 

Hamilton,  Franc.  De  Sanctorum  Invocatione  et 
Imaginibus,  Wirceb.,  1596,  4to. 

Hamilton,  Francis.    See  BUCHANAN. 

Hamilton,  Gavin,  an  eminent  painter,  who  died  in 
1797,  at  Rome,  where  he  had  resided  nearly  the  whole  of 
his  life,  was  a  native  of  Lanark.  Schola  Italica  Picturae : 
the  Italian  School  of  Painting:  with  40  splendid  plates, 
Lon.,  1773,  large  fol. 

"Done  in  an  elegant  and  masterly  style." — Watt's  Bibl.  Brit. 

See  Chambers  and  Thomson's  Biog.  Diet,  of  Eminent 
Scotsmen,  1855,  vol.  ii. ;  and  see  also  Blackwood's  Mag., 
ii.  313;  xxiii.  673;  xxv.  711. 

Hamilton,  George.  A  Voyage  round  the  World, 
by  Capt.  Edwards,  in  1780-82,  Lon.,  1793,  Svo;  Berwick, 
1793,  8vo. 

Hamilton,  George.  Epistle  from  the  Marquis  de  la 
Fayette  to  General  Washington,  Edin.,  1800,  12mo. 

Hamilton,  George.    Art  of  Drawing,  1812,  8vo. 

Hamilton,  George,  Rector  of  Killermogh.  1.  Intro- 
due,  to  the  Study  of  the  Hebrew  Scriptures,  <fec.,  1813,  8vo  : 
Dubl.,  1814,  8vo. 

"Contains  much  important  and  original  information  in'a  very 
condensed  and  perspicuous  state." — Orme's  Bibl.  Sib. 

"Its  general  execution  is  highly  creditable  to  the  author's 
industry  and  judgment,  and  we  cheerfully  recommend  it  to  that 
class  of  students  for  whose  use  it  was  chiefly  designed."— Lon. 
.Eclectic  Review,  N.  S.,  i.  503. 

2.  Codex  Criticus  of  the  Hebrew  Bible,  1821,  Svo. 

"  Will  partially  supply  the  place  of  Kennicott  and  De  Rossi,  as 
the  most  valuable  of  the  various  readings  in  these  extensive  works 
are  given." — Orme's  Bibl.  Bib. 

"  A  desideratum  in  Sacred  Literature  which  Mr.  Hamilton's 
work  is  an  able  and  successful  attempt  to  supply." — Home's  Bibl. 
Bib. 

And  see  Lon.  Eclec.  Review,  N.  S.,  xviii.  319. 

3.  On  the   R.  Catholic  English  Bible.      4.  Ditto,  both 
Dubl.,  1826,  Svo.     See  Home's  Bibl.  Bib. 

Hamilton,  Hans,  D.D.  Two  Serms.,  Lon.,  1818,  Svo. 

Hamilton,  Hugh,  D.D.,  1729-1805,  an  eminent 
mathematician,  a  native  of  the  county  of  Dublin ;  Fellow 
of  Trin.  Coll.,  Dublin;  Dean  of  Ardagh,  1768;  Bishop  of 
Clonfert,  1796;  trans,  to  Ossory,  1799.  He  pub.  some 
mathemat.  and  theolog.  works,  which  were  collected  and 
pub.  by  his  son  Alexander,  Lon.,  1809,  2  vols.  Svo.  He 
contributed  a  paper  on  Mechanic  Powers  to  Phil.  Trans., 
1763,  and  one  on  Alkaline  Salts,  <fcc.  to  Trans.  Irish  Acad., 
1792.  See  Life  prefixed  to  his  works. 

Hamilton,  J.  A.  Instructions  for  the  Pianoforte,  Lon. 

"  This,  among  the  many  musical  introductions,  is  one  of  the 


most  useful.  Altogether,  we  have  rarely  seen  a  treatise  of  the  kind 
which  we  can  more  heartily  approve." — Lon.  Athen.,  Dec.  16, 1848. 

Other  musical  works. 

Hamilton,  Col.  J*  P.  Travels  through  the  Inte 
rior  Provinces  of  Colombia,  Lon.,  1827,  2  vols.  cr.  Svo. 

"  His  style  is  the  familiar,  easy  chit-chat  of  an  old  acquaintance; 
the  gossip  of  a  good-natured  military  man,  who  has  seen  enough 
of  battle  and  turmoil  to  despise  all  meaner  hardships."— ion. 
Month.  Rev. 

Hamilton,  James,  Duke  of,  1606-1649,  a  zealous 
supporter  of  Charles  II.,  was  beheaded  by  order  of  Crom 
well.  He  was  the  author  of  various  Letters,  Conferences, 
Advices,  Answers,  <fec.  pub.  in  Burnet's  Lives  of  the  Dukes 
of  Hamilton.  He  also  wrote  a  Preface  to  a  book  on  The 
Late  Covenant,  1638,  4to.  See  Athen.  Oxon. ;  Park's  Wai- 
pole's  R.  and  N.  Authors. 

Hamilton,  James,  Earl  of  Abercorn,  Lord  Paisley. 
1.  Attractive  Virtue  of  Loadstone,  1729,  Svo.  2.  A  Trea 
tise  on  Harmony,  1731,  Svo. 

Hamilton,  James,  M.D.  On  Purgative  Medicines 
in  several  Diseases,  Edin.,  1805,  '06,  '09,  '11,  Svo. 

Hamilton,  James,  Jr.,  M.D.,  Prof,  of  Midwifery, 
Edin.,  pub.  Works  on  Midwifery,  Ac.,  1795-1809.  See 
Watt's  Bibl.  Brit. 

Hamilton,  James,  "author  of  the  Hamiltonian 
system,"  excited  much  attention  in  the  learned  world  by 
his  publications  (Lon.,  1S24,  <fec.)  of  interlinear  English 
translations  of  books  in  various  languages.  The  authority 
of  Ascham,  Cardinal  Wolsey,  Erasmus,  Milton,  and  Locke, 
are  adduced  in  support  of  the  excellence  of  the  theory : 

"We  do -amiss  to  spend  seven  or  eight  years  in  scraping  to 
gether  so  much  miserable  Latin  and  Greek  as  may  be  learned 
otherwise  easily  and  delightfully  in  one  year." — JOHN  MILTON: 
Letter  to  Hartlib. 

"When,  by  this  way  of  interlining  Latin  and  English  one  with 
another,  he  has  got  a  moderate  knowledge  of  the  Latin  tongue,  he 
may  then  be  advanced  a  little  further.  Nor  let  the  objection  that 
he  will  then  know  it  only  by  rote  frighten  any  one.  This,  when 
well  considered,  is  not  of  any  moment  against,  but  plainly  for,  this 
way  of  learning  a  language.  The  languages  are  only  to  be  learned 
by  rote ;  and  he  that  speaks  them  well  has  no  other  rule  but  that." 
— JOHN  LOCKE  :  Essay  on  a  System  of  Classical  Instruction. 

The  Hamiltonian  system  is  warmly  defended,  and  we 
think  very  ably,  by  the  Rev.  Sydney  Smith,  in  the  Edin. 
Rev.,  xliv.  47-69 ;  repub.  in  his  Miscellanies.  We  quote 
the  conclusion  of  this  amusing  and  yet  convincing  essay: 

"  In  fine,  we  are  strongly  persuaded  that,  the  time  being  given, 
this  system  will  make  better  scholars ;  and,  the  degree  of  scholar 
ship  being  given,  a  much  shorter  time  will  be  needed.  If  there  is 
any  truth  in  this,  it  will  make  Mr.  Hamilton  one  of  the  most  use 
ful  men  of  his  age;  for,  if  there  is  any  thing  which  fills  reflecting 
men  with  melancholy  and  regret,  it  is  the  waste  of  mortal  time, 
parental  money,  and  puerile  happiness,  in  the  present  method  of 
pursuing  Latin  and  Greek." 

See  Levi  Hart's  Advertisement  to  Hart  and  Osborn's 
Virgil,  with  an  Interlinear  Translation,  Baltimore,  March 
10,  1833;  Amer.  Jour,  of  Education,  Dec.  1826;  West 
minster  Rev.,  x.  284;  N.  York  Eclec.  Mag.,  vi.  229;  also 
Lon.  Quar.  Rev.  For  a  list  of  the  works  pub.  on  this  sys 
tem  see  the  London  Catalogue  of  Books. 

Hamilton,  James,  D.D.,  minister  of  the  English 
Presbyterian  Church,  Regent  Square,  London,  b.  in  1814, 
at  Strathblane,  Stirlingshire,  is  an  eloquent  preacher 
and  popular  writer.  1.  The  Harp  on  the  Willows,  Lon., 
1843,  12mo.  2.  Church  in  the  House,  and  other  Tracts, 
1846,  18mo.  3.  Life  in  Earnest :  Letts,  on  Christian  Ac 
tivity,  sixty-fifth  thousand,  1852,  18mo.  4.  Mount  of 
Olives,  <fcc.,  sixty-fifth  thousand,  1853,  ISnio.  5.  The 
Lamp  and  the  Lantern,  1853, 18mo.  6.  Lives  of  Bunyan, 
Henry,  and  Hall,  1853.  7.  The  Royal  Preacher:  Lects. 
on  Eccles.  New  ed.,  1854,  16mo.  8.  The  Happy  Home. 
New  ed.,  1855, 18mo.  9.  Emblems  from  Eden,  1855, 18mo. 

Let  those  who  seek  to  animate  thousands  to  zealous 
efforts  for  the  promotion  of  truth  distribute  on  every  side 
Hamilton's  Life  in  Earnest.  See  the  Life  of  Amos  Law 
rence,  by  his  son,  Bost.,  1855,  Svo. 

Hamilton,  James.  Life  of  Paul  Jones,  Phila.,  ISmo. 

Hamilton,  James  Archibald,  D.D.  Astronom.j 
Ac.  contrib.  to  Trans.  Irish  Acad.,  1786-1807. 

Hamilton,  James  Edward.  Polit.  and  theolog. 
publications,  Lon.,  1790-92. 

Hamilton,  John,  Archbishop  of  St.  Andrew's,  hanged 
in  the  town  of  Stirling,  1570,  by  his  political  enemies,  put 
forth  a  Catechisme,  (Sanct  Androus,  1552,  4to,)  which  was 
the  last  Popish  Confession  of  Faith  pub.  by  authority  in 
Scotland  prior  to  the  Reformation.  This  work  is  now 
very  rare,  and  a  copy  was  sold  at  the  White  Knight's  sale 
(920)  for  £35  14«. 

"  No  divine  at  this  day  need  be  ashamed  of  such  a  work.  It  is 
a  judicious  Commentary  upon  the  Commands,  Belief,  Lord's  Prayer. 
Magnificat, and  Ave  Maria;  and  the  author  shows  hi*  wisdom  aad 

77$ 


HAM 

moderation  in  avoiding  to  enter  upon  the  controverted  points." — 
BISHOP  KEITH  :  Hist,  of  the.  Church  and  State  of  Scot. 

But  Lord  Hailes  does  not  concur  in  this  opinion :  see 
his  Hist.  Mem.  of  the  Provincial  Councils  of  the  Scots 
Clergy,  35-36.  See  also  Keith's  Cat  of  the  Scottish 
Bishops  ;  Beloe's  Anecdotes  of  Lit.  and  Scarce  Books,  ii. 
308-311. 

Hamilton,  John,  "  Student  in  Theologie,"  Ac.  Ane 
Catholik  and  facile  Traictise  drauin  out  of  the  holie  Scrip 
tures,  Paris,  1581,  16mo.  Running  title:  Of  y6  Lordis 
Supper.  Another  ed.,  with  altered  title,  Lon.,  1600,  16mo. 
See  Watt's  Bibl.  Brit.;  Lowndes's  Bibl.  Man.;  Lord 
Hailes's  Sketch  of  the  Life  of  John  Hamilton,  printed 
about  1784. 

Hamilton, John.  Stereography;  or,  a  Complete  Body 
of  Perspective,  Lon.,  1738,  2  vols.  fol.;  1749,  2  vols.  fol. 

Hamilton,  John.     Church  of  Scot.,  Edin.,  1840,  '41. 

Hamilton,  John.     See  BELHAVEN,  LORD. 

Hamilton,  John  Church,  a  son  of  Major-General 
Alexander  Hamilton,  b.  1792,  in  Philadelphia,  served  for 
some  time  in  the  army  of  the  U.  States,  was  aide-de-camp  to 
Major-Gen.  Harrison,  and  resigned  June,  1814.  1.  Memoirs 
of  the  Life  of  Alexander  Hamilton,  N.  York,  1834-40,  2 
vols.  8vo.  These  vols.  bring  down  Hamilton's  Life  to  the 
date  of  the  adoption  of  the  Federal  Constitution.  Two 
more  vols.  were  expected,  but  never  made  their  appear 
ance. 

"If  completed  as  it  has  been  begun,  with  the  same  care,  fidelity, 
and  skill,  this  biography  will  be  what  it  oxight  to  be, — a  national 
work."— FBANCIS  L.  HAWKS  :  N.  York  Rev.,  viii.  121,  q.  v. 

2.  Works  of  Alexander  Hamilton,  1851,  7  vols.  8vo. 
3.  History  of  the  Republic,  Ac. :  vol.  i.,  1858,  8vo.  See 
HAMILTON,  MAJOR-GENERAL  ALEXANDER. 

Hamilton,  Joseph.  Guide  through  all  the  stages 
of  a  Quarrel,  the  Royal  Code  of  Honour,  Reflections  upon 
Duelling,  Ac.,  Lon.,  1829,  8vo.  We  should  prefer  the  au 
thority  of  the  Code  laid  down  in  the  Sermon  on  the  Mount. 
See  SABINE,  LORENZO  ;  HAMILTON,  MAJ.-&EN.  ALEXANDER. 

Hamilton,  Miss  M.  The  Forest  of  St.  Bernardo, 
Lon.,  1806,  4  vols.  12mo. 

Hamilton,  Newburgh.  1.  Boating  Lovers ;  a  Com., 
1715, 12mo.  2.  The  Petticoat- Plotter ;  a  Farce,  Lon.,  1720, 
8vo.  3.  Sampson;  an  Oratorio,  1743,  4to.  See  Biog. 
Dramat. 

Hamilton,  Patrick,  1503-1527,  called  the  first 
Scotch  Reformer,  is  said  to  have  been  of  royal  descent; 
but  see  Mackenzie's  Scots  Writers.  He  was  burnt  alive 
as  a  heretic.  He  went  to  Germany,  and  became  Professor 
in  the  Univ.  of  Marburg ;  returned  home,  and  was  made 
Abbot  of  Ferme  or  Feme,  Ross-shire.  Patrick's  Places ; 
or  Common  Places,  a  treatise  on  the  Law  and  the  Gospel. 
In  Latin,  trans,  and  pub.  by  John  Frith.  In  Richmond's 
Fathers  of  the  English  Church,  i.  475 ;  also  in  Fox's  Acts 
and  Monuments.  Highly  commended.  See  Keith's 
Spottiswood's  and  Knox's  Histories;  Cook's  Hist,  of  the 
Reform. 

Hamilton,  Richard  Winter,  D.D.,  LL.D.,  of 
Leeds,  England.  1.  The  Little  Sanctuary,  Lon.,  1838,  8vo. 
2.  Nugse  Literarise,  1841,  8vo.  3.  Serms. :  1st  ser.,  1837, 
8vo;  2d  ser.,  1845,  8vo  ;  1850,  8vo.  4.  Popular  Education, 
2d  ed.,  1846,  sin.  8vo.  5.  Missions,  2d  ed.,  1846/  sm.  8vo. 
6.  Rewards  and  Punishments,  new  ed.,  1847,  8vo.  7.  Horae 
et  Vindiciae  Sabbaticae,  1848, 12mo.  See  a  Memoir  of  Dr. 
Hamilton,  by  W.  H.  Stowell,  1850,  8vo. 

"The  sermons  of  this  gifted  minister  are  eloquent,  devout,  and 
evangelical.  .  .  .  His  Essay  on  Missions  is  also  highly  honourable 
to  his  talents  and  piety."—  Wittiams's  C.  P. 
'  "There  was  a  rich  and  racy  originality  about  him, — a  bold  in 
dependence  of  thinking,  and  an  irregular  gorgeousness  of  style. 
He  was  the  Hazlitt  of  the  pulpit."—  Gilfillan's  Literary  Portraits, 
list  Gallery. 

See  Eclec.  Rev.,  4th  Ser.,  xi.  91,  271,  455. 

Hamilton,  Robert.  Dissertatio  de  serarii  publici 
necessitate,  ac  plene  Principium  vectigalia  imponendi  jure, 
Lugd.  Bat.,  1671,  4to. 

Hamilton,  Robert,  M.D.,  1721-1793,  a  native  of 
Edinburgh,  practised  at  Lynn,  in  Norfolk.  Profess,  publi 
cations,  1782-1806.  See  Watt's  Bibl.  Brit. ;  Life  of  Dr. 
H.,  prefixed  to  his  Remarks  on  the  Leprosy,  Lon.,  1801, 
8vo. 

Hamilton,  Robert,  LL.D.,  1742-1829,  Rector  of 
the  Academy  of  Perth,  1769 ;  Prof,  in  Marischal  Coll., 
Aberdeen,  1779-1829,— namely,  first,  of  Oriental  Lan 
guages  ;  secondly,  of  Nat.  Philos.,  1782-1817 ;  thirdly,  of 
Mathemat,  1817-29.  1.  Introduc.  to  Merchandise,  Edin 
1777-79,  2  vols.  8vo.  Several  eds. 

"  Of  very  considerable  merit." — McCuttocWs  Lit.  of  Polit.  Econ. 

2.  Arithmetic  and  Book-Keeping,  Lon.,  1788,  12mo. 
776 


HAM 

3.  National  Debt  of  G.  Brit,  Ac.,  1813,  8vo;  Edin.,  1814, 
'18,  8vo.  The  3d  ed.  is  the  best. 

"  This  important  work,  which,  as  we  have  already  seen,  opened 
the  eyes  of  the  public  to  the  delusive  nature  of  the  sinking  fund." 
—McCullocKs  Lit.  of  Polit.  Econ.,  q.  v. ;  and  see  GALE,  S.,  in  this 
Dictionary. 

4.  The  Progress  of  Society,  1830,  8vo. 

"  We  cordially  recommend  the  volume  itself  to  those  who  are, 
as  well  as  to  those  who  are  not,  acquainted  with  the  valuable 
science  of  which  it  treats,  a  science  which  is  now  justly  looked 
upon  as  an  essential  branch  of  liberal  education."— ion.  Month. 
Rev.,  Dec.  1830. 

"  Embraces  a  wide  range  of  interesting  topics ;  but  it  is  feebly 
written,  and  might  without  injury  to  his  feme  or  to  the  public 
interests  have  been  allowed  to  continue  in  manuscript." — McCid- 
loch's  Lit.  of  Polit.  Econ. 

Hamilton,  Robert.  Decisions  of  the  Ct.  of  Ses 
sion,  Nov.  1769- Jan.  1772,  Edin.,  1803,  fol. 

Hamilton,  Schuyler.  Hist,  of  the  National  Flag 
of  the  U.  States,  Phila.,  1853,  cr.  8vo. 

Hamilton,  Smith.  Engravings  of  the  Ancient 
Costume  of  Eng.,  9th  to  16th  cent.,  1812. 

Hamilton,  Terrick.  Trans,  from  the  Arabic  of 
Antar,  a  Bedoueen  Romance,  Lon.,  1819-20, 4  vols.  cr.  8vo. 

"A  faithful  and  elaborate  version." — Lon.  Month.  Rev.,  xciv. 
277-292,  q.v. 

"  The  curious  romance  of  Antar,  the  most  vivid  and  authentic 
picture  of  Arabian  manners,  was  written  under  the  early  Abas- 
side  Caliphs." — MILMAN. 

It  is  from  this  tale  that  story-tellers  in  the  coffee-houses 
of  Constantinople  take  their  amusing  fictions. 

Hamilton,  Thomas,  Earl  of  Melros.  State  Papers 
and  Miscellaneous  Correspondence,  1837,  2  vols.  4to.  Pub. 
by  the  Abbotsford  Club. 

Hamilton,  Thomas.     Con.  to  Med.  Com.,  1787. 

Hamilton,  Thomas,  Captain  29th  Regt.,  R.  A.,  d. 
1842,  aged  53,  after  serving  through  the  Peninsular  and 
American  campaigns,  devoted  his  time  to  literary  pursuits, 
and  contributed  largely  to  Blackwood's  Magazine.  1.  An 
nals  of  the  Peninsular  Campaign,  new  ed.  by  Fred.  Hard- 
man,  Lon.,  1849,  8vo. 

"  A  work  of  great  and  peculiar  merit,  and  cannot  fail  to  be 
popular,  even  after  the  many  other  histories,  completed  or  in  pro 
gress,  of  the  Peninsular  War." — Blackwood's  Mag.,  xxvii.  508-538. 

"Of  the  chief  writers  (on  this  subject)  Captain  Hamilton's  work 
comes  nearest  to  historical  calmness  and  impartiality.  .  .  .  The 
value  of  Captain  Hamilton's  work  is  very  greatly  increased,  in 
the  present  edition,  by  the  labours  of  Mr.  Hardrnan." — Scotsman. 

2.  The  Youth  and  Manhood  of  Cyril  Thornton,  1827. 
An  admirable  work. 

"  Though  of  no  great  value  as  a  novel,  it  exhibits  a  good  deal 
of  literary  ability."— A.  H.  EVERETT:  N.  Amer.  Rev.,  xxxviii.  211; 
and  see  South.  Rev.,  viii.  43. 

"  There  is  no  novel-writer  in  our  day,  after  the  great  Father  of 
Romance,  who  has  succeeded  in  transferring  to  his  pages  equally 
vivid  pictures  of  the  most  animating  events  of  life ;  the  enthu 
siasm  of  youthful  passion,  the  decision  of  military  exploit,  the 
ardour  of  devoted  affection." — Blackwood's  Mag.,  xxxiv.  288. 

3.  Men  and  Manners  in  America,  1833,  2  vols.  cr.  8vo  ; 
Bost.,  1834,  2  vols.  12mo.     New  ed.,  with  Letters  written 
by  the  author  during  his  Journey  through  the  U.  States, 
Lon.,  1843,  sm.  8vo. 

"  We  cannot  but  congratulate  our  countryman  on  the  appear 
ance  of  his  valuable  work  at  the  present  crisis,  when  all  the  ancient 
institutions  of  our  country  are  successively  melting  away  under 
the  powerful  solvent  of  democratic  fervour.  ...  He  neither  views 
America  with  the  jaundiced  eye  of  a  bigoted  Tory,  nor  the  frantic 
partiality  of  an  enthusiastic  Democrat.  He  appreciates  things  as 
they  really  are — nothing  extenuating,  setting  down  nought  in 
malice."— Blackwood's.  Mag. :  America,  No.  1,  xxxiv.  285-308.  See 
also  America,  No.  2,  548-568 ;  and  vol.  xxxv.  342. 

"  The  more  Captain  Hamilton's  book  is  studied,  the  stronger 
will  be  the  reader's  conviction  of  its  merits  as  a  clear  and  impar 
tial  description  of  the  American  people."— Dull.  Univ.  Mag.,  ii. 
444-455;  558-569. 

"  Though  many  excellent  volumes  have  since  been  published, 
not  one  has  superseded  it  as  a  standard  and  safe  authority.  Other 
travellers  have  confirmed  its  accuracy,  without  adding  much  to 
its  information." — Britannia. 

"  It  is  undoubtedly  as  we  have  said,  in  point  of  literary  execu 
tion,  one  of  the  best  that  have  yet  appeared  upon  the  United 
States.  The  style  is  not  deficient  in  strength  or  spirit,  and  evinces 
at  times  a  remarkable  power  of  description,  as  in  the  passages  on 
the  Falls  of  Niagara  and  the  river  Mississippi.  On  the  other  hand, 
it  is  far  from  being  uniformly  so  pure  and  correct  as  might  be 
wished, — is  often  unpardonably  coarse,  and  is  pervaded  through 
out  by  an  affected  pertness  and  a  silly  air  of  pretension,  which 
are  offensive  from  the  beginning,  and  finally  become  by  repetition 
completely  nauseous.  .  .  .  That  a  spirit  of  unjust  depreciation  is 
the  one  that  predominates  in  his  work,  is — as  we  shall  have  occa 
sion  abundantly  to  show — very  certain." — A.  H.  EVERETT:  ./V. 
Amer.  Rev.,  xxxvfii.  210-270. 

See  also  Chris.  Exam.,  (by  Samuel  Eliot)  xv.  219  ;  Amer. 
Quar.  Rev.,  xiv.  520  ;  Selec.  Jour,  of  For.  Lit.,  iii.  81 ;  Mu 
seum  of  For.  Lit.,  xxiii.  468,  563,  564;  xxiv.  81;  Eraser's 
Mag.,  ix.  42. 

Hamilton,  W.  J.  Researches  in  Asia  Minor,  Pontus, 
and  Armenia,  &c.,  Lon.,  1842,  2  vols.  8vo. 


HAM 


HAM 


"Mr.  Hamilton's  archaeological  researches,  and  his  narrative  in 
general,  have  our  warmest  commendations.'' — Lon.  Athenseum. 

After  reading  Mr.  Hamilton's  Researches,  the  reader  must 
take  up  the  works  of  SIR  CHARLES  FELLOWS,  (ante.) 

Hamilton,  W.  T.,  D.D.  The  Pentateuch  and  its 
Assailants ;  or,  a  Refutation  of  the  Objections  of  Modern 
Scepticism  to  the  Pentateuch,  Lon.,  1852,  8vo. 

"  We  are  not  aware  of  any  objections  which  have  been  raised 
against  the  Pentateuch  as  a  whole,  or  any  part  of  it,  which  are  not 
here  very  satisfactorily  met  and  refuted." — Lon.  Evangel.  Mag. 

Hamilton,  Walter.  1.  The  East  India  Gazetteer, 
Lon.,  1814,  8vo;  1828,  2  vols.  Svo;  1855,  2  vols.  8vo. 

"  The  writer  has  amassed  and  digested,  with  singular  industry, 
a  vast  treasure  of  information,  dispersed  through  an  infinite  va 
riety  of  works."— Edin.  Rev.,  xxv.  220-226. 

2.  A  Geograph.,  Statist.,  and  Hist.  Description  of  Hin- 
dostan  and  the  adjacent  Countries,  1820,  2  vols.  4to. 

"An  inestimable  work,  containing  a  more  full,  detailed,  and 
faithful  picture  of  India,  than  any  former  work  on  the  subject." 
— Lon.  Quar.  Rev. 

"  Who  that  has  relatives  in  India  ('  Alas.  I  feel  I  am  no  actor 
here!')  can  rest  satisfied  without  the  possession,  not  only  of  his 
Gazetteer,  but  of  his  Geographical  Description  of  Hindostan  ?" — 
Dibdirfs  Lib.  Comp. 

"  Mr.  Hamilton's  works,  especially  the  last,  [on  Hindostan,]  are 
compiled  with  great  care  and  judgment,  and  are,  indeed,  of  the 
highest  authority."— McCulloch's  Lit.  of  Polit.  Earn. 

Hamilton,  William.  Reply  to  Dr.  Pearson  rel.  to 
the  Ch.  of  England,  Lon.,  1660,  fol. 

Hamilton,  William.      Country  and  River  of  the 
Amazones;  from  the  French,  Lon.,  1661,  8vo. 
Hamilton,  William.     Serms.  &c.,  1700-25. 
Hamilton,  William.     The  Hist,  of  Sir  Wm.  Wal 
lace,  Glasg.,  1722,  8vo;  Falkirk,  1785,  12mo;  Ayr,  1793, 
12mo.     Often  reprinted. 

Hamilton,  William.  Serm.,  Edin.,  1732.  Svo. 
Hamilton,  William,  1704-1754,  an  early  Scotch 
poet,  was  a  native  of  Ayrshire,  and  a  man  of  fortune  and 
family.  In  1748,  Glasgow,  Svo,  an  ed.  of  his  poems  was 
pub.  without  his  consent,  and  subsequently  reprinted.  The 
first  genuine  ed.  was  pub.  by  his  friends  in  1760,  Edin., 
sm.  Svo.  The  best-known  composition  of  his  is  The 
Braes  of  Yarrow.  This  poem  elicited  Wordsworth's  three 
pieces — Yarrow  Unvisited,  Yarrow  Visited,  and  Yarrow 
Revisited. 

"  Hamilton's  mind  is  pictured  in  his  verses.  They  are  the  easy 
and  careless  effusions  of  an  elegant  fancy  and  a  chastened  taste; 
and  the  sentiments  they  convey  are  the  genuine  feelings  of  a 
tender  and  susceptible  heart,  which  pei-petually  owned  the  do 
minion  of  some  favourite  mistress,  but  whose  passion  generally 
evaporated  in  song,  and  made  no  serious  or  permanent  impression." 
— LORD  WOODHOUSELEE. 

"  The  poems  of  Hamilton  display  regular  design,  just  sentiments, 
fanciful  invention,  pleasing  sensibility,  elegant  diction,  and  smooth 
versification.  His  genius  was  aided  by  taste,  and  his  taste  was 
improved  by  knowledge."— PROP.  RICHARDSON,  of  Glasgow. 

"  Johnson,  upon  repeated  occasions,  while  I  was  at  Ashbourne, 
talked  slightingly  of  Hamilton.  He  said  there  was  no  power  of 
thinking  in  his  verses ;  nothing  that  strikes  one ;  nothing  better 
than  what  is  generally  found  in  magazines ;  and  that  the  highest 
praise  they  deserved  was.  that  they  were  very  well  for  a  gentle 
man  to  hand  about  among  his  friends." — BOSWELL  :  Life  of  Johnson. 
See  Anderson's  Brit.  Poets ;  Lord  Woodhouselee's  Life 
of  Lord  Kames ;  The  Lounger ;  Transac.  of  Scot.  Antiq., 
Ill;  Chambers  and  Thomson's  Biog.  Diet,  of  Eminent 
Scotsmen. 

Hamilton,  William,  Rector  of  Fanet,  Donegal,  and 
a  magistrate,  was  murdered  by  the  rebels  in  1797.  '1.  Let 
ters  cone,  the  Northern  Coast  of  Antrim,  Lon.,  1786,  Svo. 
"  This  is  a  valuable  work  respecting  the  mineralogy  and  geology 
[of  Ireland],  and  especially  the  Giant's  Causeway." — Stevenson's 
Voyages  and  Travels. 

2.  Letters  on  the  Principles  of  the  French  Democracy, 
Dubl.,  1792,  Svo.  3.  Con.  on  nat.  philos.  to  Trans.  Irish 
Acad.,  1788.  4.  To  Nich.  Jour.,  1798. 

Hamilton,  Rt.  Hon.  Sir  William,  K.B.,  1730- 
1803,  a  native  of  Scotland,  an  eminent  antiquary  and  con 
noisseur,  was  ambassador  at  the  court  of  Naples  from  1764 
to  1800.  In  1782  he  lost  his  first  wife,  and  in  1791  mar 
ried  Emma  Harte,  the  notorious  female  so  disreputably 
connected  with  Lord  Nelson.  Sir  William's  collection  of 
Grecian  and  Etruscan  vases  (now  in  the  British  Museum) 
has  been  described  in  several  magnificent  volumes,  which 
still  command  a  high  price. 

1.  Antiquitez  Etrusquez,  Grecques  &  Romaines,  tirees 
du  Cabinet  de  M.  Hamilton,  (par  le  Sr.  D'Hancarville,)  en 
Anglais  et  en  Francais,  Naples,  1766-67,  4  vols.  r.  fol., 
with  upwards  of  500  large  plates,  many  of  which  are 
coloured.  The  two  first  vols.  of  this  work  were  pub.  by 
J.  A.  David,  in  Paris,  1785-88,  5  vols.  Svo ;  large  paper  in 
4to ;  Florence,  1801-08,  4  vols.  atlas  fol.  2.  Collection  of 
Vases,  mostly  of  pure  Greek  workmanship,  <fcc.,  Naples, 
1791-95,  3  vols.  imp.  fol.,  with  240  plates;  Florence, 


1800-03,  4  vols.  atlas  fol. ;  Paris,  1803-10,  4  vols.  atlas  fol. 
3.  Outlines,  &c.  from  the  Figures  and  Compositions  upon 
the  Greek,  Roman,  and  Etruscan  Vases  of  the  late  Sir 
William  Hamilton,  Lon.,  1804,  4to.  4.  Observ.  upon  Mount 
Vesuvius,  Etna,  &c.,  Lon.,  1772,  '74,  Svo.  See  RASPE, 
RUDOLPH  ERIC,  in  Lowndes's  Bibl.  Man.,  1541.  5.  Campi 
Phlegrsei,  Naples,  1766-67,  2  vols.  atlas  fol.  Supp.,  1779, 
fol.  6.  Lettera  sul  Monte  Volture,  1780,  Svo.  7.  Con.  to 
Phil.  Trans.,  1767-95.  8.  To  Archaeol.,  1777. 

For  biographical  incidents  connected  with  Sir  William 
Hamilton,  and  descriptions  of  his  works,  Ac.,  see  Wood's 
Peerage;  Baldwin's  Lit.  Jour.,  1804;  Biographie  Contem- 
poraine ;  Antiquitez  Etrusquez,  &c.,  par  D'Hancarville ; 
Chalmers's  Biog.  Diet.;  Watt's  Bibl.  Brit.;  Lowndes's 
Bibl.  Man. ;  Chambers  and  Thomson's  Biog.  Diet,  of  Emi 
nent  Scotsmen;  Blackwood's  Mag.,  xxv.  178,  707. 

Hamilton,  William,  M.D.  Dyeing,  Lon.,  1791,  2 
vols.  Svo. 

Hamilton,  William,  M.D.,  d.  1808,  aged  36.  Digi 
talis  Purpurea,  Lon.,  1807,  Svo. 

Hamilton,  William.  Enchiridion  Modicum,  Lon., 
1810,  12mo. 

Hamilton,  William.  Remarks  on  several  Parts  of 
Turkey.  Part  1,  ^Egyptiaca,  Lon.,  1810,  r.  4to,  with  fol. 
plates. 

"A  solid,  instructive,  and  most  accurate  performance." — Dib- 
din's  Lib.  Gomp. 

Hamilton,  Sir  William,  Bart.,  of  Preston,  of  the 
ancient  Scottish  family  of  this  name,  one  of  the  most  dis 
tinguished  of  modern  metaphysicians,  was  born  at  Glasgow 
in  1788,  and  educated  at  Balliol  College,  Oxford,  where 
he  obtained  first-class  honours.  In  1813  he  was  called  to 
the  Scottish  Bar,  but  never  engaged  in  extensive  practice. 
In  1820  he  was  an  unsuccessful  competitor  with  John  Wil 
son  for  the  chair  of  Moral  Philosophy  in  the  University  of 
Edinburgh;  but  in  1821  he  was  appointed  Professor  of 
Universal  History  in  that  institution,  and  in  1836  was 
called  to  the  chair  of  Logic  and  Metaphysics,  which  he 
still  retains,  (1856.)  He  is  also  Her  Majesty's  Solicitor 
for  Teinds,  in  Scotland,  a  Corresponding  Member  of  the 
Institute  of  France,  and  an  Associate  of  many  learned 
bodies.  See  Men  of  the  Time,  Lon.,  1856.  A  brief  history 
of  Sir  William's  contributions  to  Mental  Philosophy  will 
be  found  in  Rich's  Cyclopaedia,  Lon.  and  Glasg.,  1854. 
In  1852  (Lon.  and  Edin.,  Svo,  pp.  758)  there  appeared 
Discussions  on  Philosophy  and  Literature,  Education  and 
University  Reform,  chiefly  from  the  Edinburgh  Review ; 
Corrected,  Vindicated,  Enlarged  in  Notes  and  Appendices, 
2d  ed.,  1853,  Svo.  Repub.,  N.  York,  1855,  Svo,  with  an 
Introductory  Essay  on  the  history  of  philosophical  specu 
lation,  by  Robert  Turnbull,  D.D. 

His  principal  essays  have  been  trans,  into  French  by 
W.  Peisse,  and  into  Italian  by  S.  Lo  Gatto.  Sir  William 
pub.  in  1846,  Lon.  and  Edin.,  Svo,  pp.  914,  the  works  of 
Thos.  Reid,  D.D.,  now  fully  collected,  with  Selections 
from  his  Unpublished  Letters,  Prefaces,  Notes,  and  Sup 
plementary  Dissertations,  3d  ed.,  1852.  He  is  now  en 
gaged  in  the  preparation  of  the  works  of  Dugald  Stewart; 
Vol.  VIII.  was  pub.  in  April,  and  Vol.  IX.  in  May,  1856. 
(Sir  William  did  not  live  to  complete  his  editorial  labours  : 
see  conclusion  of  this  article,  and  see  also  Lon.  Athenaeum, 
May  10,  1856,  and  Lon.  Gent.  Mag.,  June,  1856.)  A  vol. 
entitled  The  Philosophy  of  Sir  William  Hamilton,  arranged 
and  edited  by  0.  W.  Wight,  was  pub.  in  N.  York  in  1853, 
Svo;  3d  ed.,  1855.  This  vol.  is  compiled  from  the  Supp. 
Disserts,  on  Reid,  some  of  the  foot-notes  to  Reid,  and  a 
portion  of  the  Philos.  Discussions.  Dr.  James  Walker, 
President  of  Harvard  College,  has  pub.  Reid's  Essays  on 
the  Intellectual  Powers ;  abridged,  with  Notes  and  Illus 
trations  from  Sir  Wm.  Hamilton  and  others,  Bost.,  12mo. 
It  is  a  matter  of  regret  that  the  limited  space  to  which  we 
are  necessarily  confined  precludes  us  from  quoting  largely 
from  the  enthusiastic  commendations  before  us  of  the  dis 
tinguished  abilities  and  profound  erudition  of  this  eminent 


philosopher.  In  an  interesting  paper  by  De  Quincey, 
giving  an  account  of  his  recollections  of  Sir  William's 
early  reputation  for  general  knowledge,  he  remarks  : 

"  The  immensity  of  Sir  William's  attainments  was  best  laid 
open  by  consulting  him  (or  by  hearing  him  consulted)  upon  in 
tellectual  difficulties,  or  upon  schemes  literary  and  philosophical. 
Such  applications,  come  from  what  points  of  the  compass  they 
would,  found  him  always  prepared.  Nor  did  it  seem  to  make  any 
difference  whether  it  were  the  erudition  of  words  or  things  that 
was  needed."— Essays  on  Philosophical  and  other  Men  of  Letters,  i. 
35,  Bost.,  1854. 

"  We  regard  Sir  Wm.  Hamilton  as  the  profoundest  analyst  who 
has  appeared  since  Aristotle;  and  his  erudition,  both  in  its  extent 
and  in  its  exactness,  is  perfectly  provoking."— 0.  W.  WIGHT  :  Trans, 
of  Cousin's  Hist,  of  Mod.  Philos.,  ii.  335,  Jf.  York,  1854. 


HAM 


HAM 


"  Sir  Wm.,  though  metaphysically  the  most  formidable  man  in 
Europe,  is  an  humble  Christian ;  though  the  most  learned  of  men, 
he  is  ready  to  bow  before  the  spirit  that  informed  the  mind  of 
Paul."— 0.  W.  WIGHT:  Introduc.  to  his  edit,  of  the  Philosophy  of 
Sir  William  Hamilton,  p.  13, 1855. 

"  It  would  be  difficult  to  name  any  contributions  to  a  review 
which  display  such  a  despotic  command  of  all  the  resources  of 
logic  and  metaphysics  as  his  articles  in  the  Edinburgh  Review  on 
Cousin,  Dr.  Brown,  and  Bishop  Whately.  Apart  from  their  scien 
tific  value,  they  should  be  read  as  specimens  of  intellectual  power. 
They  evince  more  intense  strength  of  understanding  than  any 
other  writings  of  the  age ;  and  in  the  blended  merits  of  their  logic, 
rhetoric,  and  learning,  they  may  challenge  comparison  with  the 
best  works  of  any  British  metaphysician.  He  seems  to  have  read 
every  writer,  ancient  and  modern,  on  logic  and  metaphysics,  and 
is  conversant  with  every  philosophical  theory,  from  the  lowest 
form  of  materialism  to  the  most  abstract  development  of  idealism ; 
and  yet  his  learning  is  not  so  remarkable  as  the  thorough  manner 
in  which  he  has  digested  it  and  the  perfect  command  he  has  of  all 
its  stores.  Every  thing  that  he  comprehends,  no  matter  how  ab 
struse,  he  comprehends  with  the  utmost  clearness  and  employs 
with  consummate  skill.  He  is  altogether  the  best-trained  reasoner 
on  abstract  subjects  of  his  time."— E.  P.  WHIPPLE:  Essays  and  Re 
views,  ii.  117-122,  Bost.,  1851 ;  and  in  N.  Amer.  Rev.,  Ixi.  485-489. 
"  Sir  William  Hamilton  has  attained  to  the  very  highest  dis 
tinction  as  a  philosopher,  and  in  some  respects  he  is  decidedly 
superior  to  any  of  his  illustrious  predecessors, — Reid,  Stuart,  or 
Brown.  With  a  remarkable  power  of  analysis  and  discrimination 
he  combines  great  decision  and  elegance  of  style,  and  a  degree  of 
erudition  that  is  almost  without  a  parallel." — Edinburgh  Review. 

"  We  know  not  any  other  writer  who  has  proved  in  how  great  a 
degree  books  may  stimulate  the  intellect  into  independent  action, 
nor  any  recent  philosopher  who  has  interpreted  the  theories  of  the 
past  and  the  present  less  biassed  by  an  exaggerated  opinion  of  the 
exclusive  importance  of  history,  or  by  preconceptions  of  the  his 
toric  course  of  speculation  in  its  manifold  phases  in  each  succes 
sive  age."— N.  Brit.  Rev.,  xviii.  191-213. 

"  The  slightest  perusal  of  Sir  William's  philosophical  writings 
•will  be  sufficient  to  convince  the  reader  that  he  is  in  intercourse 
with  a  mind  of  the  most  extraordinary  comprehension  and  acute- 
ness.  He  combines  in  a  degree  unequalled  since  the  time  of  Aris 
totle  (of  whom,  indeed,  he  is  a  devout,  though  not  a  blind  and 
un  discriminating,  worshipper)  the  power  of  analysis  and  generali 
zation.  .  .  .  The  degrees  in  which  these  two  counter-powers  of 
analysis  and  generalization  exist  in  any  mind,  together  with  their 
relative  proportion,  determines  a  man's  philosophical  character." — 
Brit.  Quar.  Rev.,  xvi.  479-511. 

The  remarkable  erudition  which  has  rendered  the  name 
of  Sir  William  Hamilton  so  famous  is  brought  into  good 
service  when  engaged  in  the  illustration  and  vindication 
of  his  philosophical  tenets  : 

"  In  the  first  of  the  citations  with  which  some  of  his  essays  are 
overgrown,  it  would  be  difficult  to  point  out  one  which  is  either 
inappropriate  or  superfluous,  except  that,  the  point  being  already 
established,  it  might  be  regarded  as  a  needless  accumulation  of 
evidence."— .ZV.  Amer.  Rev.,  Ixxvi.  55-103. 

An  authority  entitled  to  be  heard  with  respect  does 
not  hesitate  to  give  the  following  verdict  respecting  Sir 
William's  Dissertations,  contained  in  his  edit,  of  Reid's 
writings : 

"  On  the  whole,  we  cannot  but  regard  these  dissertations  as  the 
most  valuable  contribution  to  the  progress  of  a  true  philosophy, 
in  our  country,  within  the  present  century." — MoreWs  Hist,  of 
Mod.  Philos. 

See  also  Wm.  Archer  Butler's  Lects.  on  the  Hist,  of  An 
cient  Philos.,  editor's  notes,  ii.  79,  97  :  1856 ;  Hallam's  Lit. 
Hist,  of  Europe,  ii.  398,  478,  4th  ed.,  1854;  N.  Brit.  Rev., 
x.  78 ;  Princeton  Rev.,  (article  by  Samuel  Tyler,  of  Frede 
rick,  Md.,)  Oct.  1855. 

The  author  of  the  article  in  the  British  Quarterly  Review 
from  which  we  have  given  some  quotations,  refers  to  the 
great  respect  entertained  on  the  Continent  of  Europe  for 
the  philosophical  character  of  the  subject  of  this  notice, 
and  cites  in  evidence  the  following  passages : 

"II  n'est  pas  peut-Stre  en  Europe  un  homme  qui  possede  une 
connaissance  aussi  complete  et  aussi  minutieuse,  une  intelligence 
aussi  profonde  des  livres,  des  systemes  et  des  philosophes  d'Alle- 
magne.  .  . .  L'erudition  de  M.  Hamilton  n'est  pas  cette  erudition 
morte  qni  s'occupe  plus  des  livres  que  des  idees,  et  qui  etouffe 
I'esprit  pbilosophe  au  lieu  de  le  nourrir ;  c'est  une  Erudition  active 
qui  laisse  a  la  pens6e  toute  son  independance ;  elle  n'est  pas  a 
elle-meme  sa  propre  fin,  mais.seulement  un  instrument  pour  la 
recherche  de  la  verite.  Quoique  infiniment  vari6e,  car  elle  em 
brasse  presque  tout  le  champ  <fes  sciences  morales  et  rationelles  e 
de  la  literature  gSnerale,  elle  est  en  mSme  temps  complete  et  pro 
fonde,  principalement  en  philosophic  ancienne  et  moderne  et  en 
matiere  d'instruction  publique.  Peu  d'hommes  en  Europe  son 
aussi  familiers  avec  la  philosophic,  et  en  particulier  avec  Aristotle. 
— M.  PEISSE:  Pref.to  Fragmens  de  Philosophic  par  Sir  Wm.Hamil 
ton ;  pp.  Ixxxi.,  Ixxxiii. 

"  Le  plus  grand  critique  de  notre  siecle."— M.  COUSIN  :  Fragmen. 
Philosophiqttes. 

"  Le  grand  mattre  du  Peripatetisme."— M.  BRANWS. 

When  engaged  in  the  preparation  of  the  above  article 

but  a  few  days  since,  we  little  thought  that  the  illustriou 

philosopher  to  whom  it  is  devoted  would  have  ceased  from 

his  labours  ere  our  tribute  saw  the  light.     It  is,  however 

"  so  written :"  Sir  William  Hamilton  died  of  congestion  o 

the  brain,  after  ten  days'  illness,  on  the  6th  day  of  May 

1856,  at  his  residence,  Great  King  Street,  Edinburgh.    W 

778 


are  glad  to  learn  that  his  lectures  on  logic  and  metaphysics 
are  in  a  state  of  preparation  for  the  press.  They  are  an 
nounced  for  1859,  Edin.  and  Boston,  to  be  edited  by  Prof. 
Mansel  and  Mr.  Veitch.  The  death  of  this  eminent  scholar 
and  profound  philosopher  painfully  reminds  us  of  the  large 
number  of  those  recorded  in  its  pages  who  have  exchanged 
time  for  eternity  since  we  commenced  this  voluminous  re 
cord  of  those  who  have  sought  to  instruct  or  amuse  their 
ellow-pilgrims  in  a  world  of  trial  and  of  temptation,  of 
oily  and  of  wisdom,  of  sorrow  and  of  joy. 

As  summer  and  winter,  seed-time  and  harvest,  have  still 

ound  us,  year  after  year,  engaged  upon  the  present  work, 

we  have  at  times  thought  it  not  improbable  that  we  also 

might  be  added  to  the  long  list,  already  chronicled,  of  those 

rtio  left  unfinished  monuments  of  good  intentions;  whose 

.evices  were  arrested  by  the  "  inexorable  hour,"  and  whose 

'purposes" — to  use  the  affecting  language  of  the  patriarch 

— "were  broken  off"  in  the  midst. 

Hamilton,  William.    Report  of  the  Trial  of  Judges 
Shippen,  Yeates,  and  Smith,  in  1805,  Lancaster,  8vo. 

Hamilton,  William,  D.D.    1.  Second  Advent  of 
Christ,  Lon.,  1828,  12mo.     Commended  by  Lowndes.     2. 
The  Mourner  in  Zion  Comforted,  12mo. 
"  Many  cases  of  a  distressed  conscience  ably  met."— BICKERSTETH. 
Other  works. 

Hamilton,  W7illiam  Gerard,  M.P.,  1729-1796, 
a  native  of  London,  who  held  several  important  poli- 
ical  posts,  made  in  the  House  of  Commons,  Nov.  13, 1755, 
hat  splendid  display  of  eloquence  which  has  given  him 
he  name  of  SINGLE-SPEECH  HAMILTON.  But,  indeed, 
le  made  a  second  great  speech  in  the  month  of  Febru 
ary.  Hamilton  was  one  of  the  many  to  whom  without 
a  shadow  of  probability  the  Letters  of  Junius  were  attri- 
>uted.  He  was  educated  at  Oxford,  and  when  young  wrote 
some  poetry,  which  he  printed — but  never  published — in  a 
quarto  volume,  1757,  4to.  These  were  subsequently  pub. 
y  Mr.  Malone.  After  his  death  there  appeared,  pub.  from 
lis  MSS.,  Parliamentary  Logick :  to  which  are  subjoined 
Two  Speeches  delivered  in  the  H.  of  C.  of  Ireland,  and 
other  Pieces,  <fcc.,  Lon.,  1808,  8vo.  This  collection  con 
tains  an  Essay  on  the  Corn  Laws,  by  Dr.  Saml.  Johnson, 
never  before  printed.  A  review  of  this  vol.  by  Lord  Jeffrey 
will  be  found  in  the  Edin.  Rev.,  xv.  1 63-175.  The  reviewer 
considers  it  rather  remarkable  that  a  "  short  practical  trea 
tise  in  parliamentary  oratory,  by  a  man  who  was  long  popu 
larly  supposed  to  have  rivalled  the  eloquence  of  Chatham, 
and  to  have  guided  the  pen  of  Junius,"  should  have  made 
such  a  "feeble  impression  on  the  public."  Our  surprise, 
however,  will  be  somewhat  diminished  when  we  observe 
the  character  which  he  gives  of  this  production : 

In  addition  to  the  other  causes  of  repulsion  to  which  we  have 
alluded,  the  style  of  the  work,  we  ought  to  observe,  is  extremely 
affected  and  peculiar.  Sometimes  the  author  mimics  the  pregnant 
brevity  of  Bacon,  but  without  his  force  or  felicity.  At  other  times 
he  emulates  the  obscurity  and  harsh  technical  brevity  of  Aristotle, 
but  without  his  science  or  accuracy.  On  one  occasion,  he  affects 
to  give  general  and  sweeping  maxims:  at  another,  he  enters  into 
the  most  minute  details  and  suggestions.  Now  and  then  he  is 
cunning  and  sagacious;  and  very  frequently  quite  frivolous  or 
stupid." 

Dr.  Francis  Lieber,  referring  to  this  work  in  his  treatise 
on  Civil  Liberty  and  Self-Government,  remarks, 

"  The  copy  which  I  own  belonged  to  Dr.  Thomas  Cooper.  That 
distinguished  man  has  written  the  following  remark  on  the  fly 
leaf:  '  This  book  contains  the  theory  of  deception  in  parliamentary 
debate ;  how  to  get  the  better  of  your  opponent,  and  how  to  make 
the  worse  appear  the  better  reason.  It  is  the  well-written  work 
of  a  hackney  and  politician The  counterpart  to  it  is  the  ad 
mirable  tract  of  Mr.  Jeremy  Bentham  on  Parliamentary  Logic,  the 
book  of  Fallacies.  No  politician  ought  to  be  ignorant  of  the  one 
book  or  the  other.  They  are  well  worth  (not  perusing,  but)  study 
ing.'— T.  C."— Vol.  ii.,  p.  208. 

Dr.  Johnson  had  a  great  esteem  for  Hamilton,  and,  says 
Boswell,  paid  his  conversation  this  high  compliment: 

"  I  am  very  unwilling  to  be  left  alone,  sir,  and  therefore  I  go 
with  my  company  down  the  first  pair  of  stairs,  in  some  hopes  that 
they  may,  perhaps,  return  again ;  I  go  with  you,  sir,  as  far  as  the 
street-door." — Life  of  Johnson. 

Hamilton,  Sir  William  Rowan,  b.  Aug.  4, 1805, 
at  Dublin,  and  educated  at  the  University  of  that  city,  was 
appointed  Andrews  Professor  of  Astronomy  to  the  Univer 
sity  of  Dublin,  and  Astronomer  Royal  for  Ireland,  in  1827, 
and  President  of  the  Royal  Irish  Academy  in  1837.  Lec 
tures  on  Quaternions,  in  1843,  to  the  Royal  Irish  Academy, 
Dubl.,  1853,  8vo.  This  eminent  scholar  has  also  pub.  va 
luable  papers  in  Trans.  Roy.  Irish  Acad.,  Phil.  Trans.,  Lon 
don,  Trans.  Brit.  Soc.  for  the  Advancement  of  Science,  Lon., 
Edin.,  and  Dublin  Philos.  Mag.,  and  Dublin  Univ.  Rev. 
See  a  biog.  sketch  of  Sir  William— Our  Portrait-Gallery, 
No.  XXVI.— in  Dublin  Univ.  Mag.,  Jan.  1845,  94-110. 


HAM 


HAM 


Hamley,  Edward.     Poems,  Lon.,  1796,  8vo. 

llamlcy,  Major  Edward  Bruce,  R.A.  1.  Lady 
Lee's  Widowhood,  Lon.,  1854,  2  vols.  p.  8vo.  Originally 
pub.  in  Blackwood  s  Magazine. 

"  Captain  Hamley  writes  with  admirable  ease  and  graphic  viva 
city.  His  humour  is  manly  and  refined;  his  fancy  is  fertile  in 
comic  tracery ;  and  the  mere  rhetoric  of  his  composition  is  spirited 
and  graceful." — Lon.  Press. 

"  We  have  no  hesitation  in  pronouncing  Lady  Lee's  Widowhood 
the  most  promising  debut  that  has  been  made  in  fiction  since 
Bulwer  surprised  the  world  with  Pelham."— Lon.  Critic. 

"It  is  withal  a  bright,  healthy  book,  with  a  dash  of  hearty 
humour  in  it." — Lon.  Athenaeum. 

2.  The  Story  of  the  Campaign.  A  complete  Narrative 
of  the  War  in  Southern  Russia,  written  in  a  Tent  in  the 
Crimea,  1855,  p.  8vo.  Originally  pub.  in  Blackwood's 
Mag.  A  valuable  work.  3.  The  Position  on  the  Alma, 
sketched  the  Day  after  the  Battle,  1855,  oblong. 

Hammer,  Joseph.  Ancient  Alphabets,  &c.,  Lon., 
1806,  sm.  4to.  See  M.  Silvestre  de  Sacy's  comments  in 
Magas.  Encycl.,  Nov.  1810 :  pp.  145-174. 

Hammett,  Samuel  A.,  b.  1816,  at  Jewett  City, Conn., 
a  resident  of  N.  York  since  1848.  1.  A  Stray  Yankee  in 
Texas,  by  Philip  Paxton,  N.  York,  1853,  12mo.  2.  The 
Wonderful  Adventures  of  Captain  Priest,  by  Philip  Pax- 
ton,  1855. 

If  aniinon,  George.    Serms.,  &c.,  Lon.,  1658, '90,  '93. 

If  ainmoii,  John.  The  Hist,  of  the  Valerous  Squire 
Alector,  Lon.,  1589,  4to. 

If  ammon,  Wm.  Answer  to  Dr.  Priestley  on  the  Ex 
istence  of  a  God,  Lon.,  1833,  8vo. 

Hammond,  Anthony,  M.P.,  1668-1738,  a  commis 
sioner  of  the  Navy,  and  an  associate  of  the  men  of  letters 
of  the  day,  edited  in  1720  a  New  Miscellany  of  Original 
Poems,  some  of  which  were  his  own  composition.  He  also 
wrote  a  work  on  Publick  Credit,1721,  8vo  ;  Hints  for  Think 
ing,  1721,  Svo;  and  an  Account  of  the  Life  and  Writings 
of  Walter  Moyle,  prefixed  to  the  works  of  the  latter,  pub. 
1727,  8vo. 

Hammond,  Anthony.  1.  Law  of  Nisi  Prius,  Lon., 
1816,  8vo;  Exeter,  N.  H.,  1823,  8vo.  2.  Parties  to  Ac 
tions,  Ac.,  Lon.,  1817,  '27,  Svo;  Exeter,  N.  H.,  1822,  8vo. 
3.  Principles  of  Pleading,  Lon.,  1819,  8vo.  4.  Reports  in 
Equity,  1821,  2  vols.  8vo ;  N.  York,  1822,  8vo.  5.  Crimi 
nal  Code  Forgery,  <fcc.,  1823,  8vo.  6.  Practice  and  Pro 
ceed,  in  Parl.,  Ac.,  1825,  8vo.  7.  Index  to  Term  Reports, 
Ac.,  1827,  2  vols.  8vo.  8.  Criminal  Code ;  Simple  Larceny, 
Ac.,  1828-29,  2  vols.  fol. 

Hammond,  Capt.  Charfes.  The  Old  English 
Officer,  Lon.,  1679,  8vo. 

Hammond,  Charles.  Rep.  of  Cases  in  Supreme 
Ct.  of  Ohio,  1821-39,  din.,  1833-40,  9  vols.  8vo. 

Hammond,  Charles  D.,  b.  1818,  at  Boston,  Mass. 
Medical  Information  for  the  Million,  N.  York,  1851,  12mo. 
Mr.  H.  is  the  author  of  many  articles  on  Medical  Reform. 

Hammond,  Elisha.  1.  Law  of  Fire  Insurance,  Ac., 
N.  York,  1840,  8vo.  2.  Principal  and  Agent,  1836,  8vo. 
See  2  Kent's  Com.,  646,  n.  3.  Justice  of  the  Peace,  Brook- 
field,  1841,  8vo.  4.  Supp.  to  Petersdorff's  Cases,  N.  York, 
1835,  2  vols.  8vo.  See  14  Amer.  Jur.,  231. 

Hammond,  or  Hamond,  George.  Theolog. 
treatises,  1694,  1701,  '02. 

Hammond,  Henry,  D.D.,  1605-1660,  a  native  of 
Chertsey,  Surrey,  after  preparatory  studies  at  Eton,  was 
sent  to  Magdalen  Coll.,  Oxford,  and  was  elected  Fellow  in 
1625;  Rector  of  Penshurst,  Kent,  1633;  Archdeacon  of 
Chichester,  1643 ;  Canon  of  Christ  Church,  Oxford,  1645, 
and  Sub-dean,  1648.  Being  warmly  attached  to  the  royal 
cause,  he  was  ejected  by  the  Parliamentary  Visitors.  At 
the  Restoration  Charles  II.  intended  to  nominate  him  to 
the  bishopric  of  Worcester,  but  he  died  whilst  preparing 
for  his  journey  to  London.  Charles  I.  declared  that  Ham 
mond  was  the  most  natural  orator  he  ever  heard.  His 
works — among  which  are  a  number  in  defence  of  the 
Church  of  England  against  Romanists  and  other  Dis 
senters — were  collected  and  pub.  by  his  amanuensis,  Wm. 
Fulinan,  in  4  vols.  fol.,  1674-84;  a  collection  of  his  Letters 
(nineteen  in  number)  was  pub.  by  Mr.  Peck,  1739,  8vo ; 
his  Life,  by  Bishop  Fell,  1661,  12mo;  reprinted  in  1806, 
and  in  1849 ; — also  in  Wordsworth's  Eccles.  Biog.,  iv. 
313; — and  a  new  ed.  of  his  Miscellaneous  Theological 
Works  was  pub.  in  the  Lib.  of  Anglo-Cath.  Theol.,  Oxf., 
1847-51 ;  3  vols.  in  4,  8vo.  New  ed.  of  his  Parsenesis  ; 
or,  Seasonable  Exhortatory,  edited  by  Manning,  1841,  8vo. 
The  following  are  his  best-known  productions.  1.  A 
Practical  Catechism,  Lon.,  1644,  '48,  4to.  A  vindication 
of  the  same,  1648,  4to;  1700,  Svo  ;  16th  ed.,  in  the  new 
ed.  of  his  Miscellaneous  Works,  1847,  vol.  i. 


"  Hammond's  Catechism  is  an  excellent  explanation  of  the  du 
ties  of  our  religion."— DR.  WOTTON. 

"  A  book  of  great  use ;  but  not  to  be  begun  with  as  too  many 
do.  It  does  require  a  good  deal  of  previous  study  before  the  force 
of  his  reasonings  is  apprehended ;  but  when  one  is  ready  for  it,  it 
is  a  rare  book,  and  states  the  grounds  of  morality  and  of  our  duty 
upon  true  principles."— BISHOP  BURNET.  And  see  Walchii  Bibl. 
Theolog.  Selecta. 

2.  Serms.,  1644,  fol.  See  vol.  iv.  (1684)  of  his  collected 
works,  and  vol.  iii.  (1847)  of  the  new  ed.  of  his  Miscel 
laneous  Works.  3.  Paraphrases  of  the  Old  and  Annota 
tions  upon  the  New  Testament,  1653,  '56,  8vo;  1659,  '71, 
'75,  '79,  '81,  1702,  fol.  The  last  is  the  best  of  the  old  eds. 
New  ed.,  1845,  4  vols.  Svo.  The  Annotations  form  vol.  iii. 
(1675)  of  his  collected  works.  In  1698  (Amster.,  fol.)  Le 
Clerc  trans,  it  into  Latin,  with  animadversions.  Also  pub. 
Franckf.,  1714,  2  vols.  fol.  These  were  trans,  into  Eng 
lish,  and  pub.  as  a  Supp.  in  1699,  4to.  A  Defence  of  Ham 
mond  against  Le  Clerc  appeared  in  1699,  to  which  Le 
Clerc  replied.  Both  of  these  books  should  be  added  to  the 
Annotations.  Dr.  Doddridge  preferred  Le  Clerc's  edit,  of 
Hammond  in  Latin  to  the  original.  We  give  some  opinions 
of  the  Annotations : 

"  Hammond  was  a  man  of  very  considerable  learning  and  piety, 
alloyed  with  a  portion  of  superstition.  He  often  succeeds  in 
illustrating  the  force  and  meaning  of  the  Greek  words  and  phrases 
of  the  New  Testament.  His  stock  of  classical  and  rabbinical  in 
formation  was  very  respectable,  and  furnished  him  with  some 
valuable  illustrations.  He  was  a  moderate  Arminian  in  doctrinal 
sentiment;  a  great  stickler  for  the  divine  origin  of  episcopacy; 
and  held  some  peculiar  notions  about  the  Gnostics,  to  whom  he 
supposes  there  are  many  more  allusions  in  the  New  Testament 
than  any  one  else  is  likely  to  find." — Orme's  Bibl.  Sib. 

One  of  the  most  excellent  of  Biblical  critics  complains 
that  Hammond 

"  Finds  the  Gnostics  everywhere,  which  is  his  principal  fault : 
many  of  Le  Clerc's  animadversions  upon  these  places  are  very 
good ;  and  his  edition  of  his  book  in  Latin  I  think  much  preferable 
to  the  original." — DR.  DODDRIDGE. 

Orme  remarks  that  Le  Clerc's  Supplement,  1699,  4to, 

"  Is  necessary  to  complete  Hammond,  and  contains  many  things 
worth  reading." 

Mr.  Bickersteth  gives  us  his  opinion  of  both  : 

"  Valuable  for  criticism,  but  deficient  in  evangelical  views.  Le 
Clerc  wrote  many  additions  with  Socinian  tendencies." — Christian 
Student. 

"  Le  Clerc  has  observed,  that  Hammond  in  his  Annotations  on 
the  New  Testament  borrowed  largely  from  Grotius  and  Episco- 
pius,  and  Tillotson  has  been  called  a  disciple  of  the  latter." — 
BISHOP  WATSON. 

A  late  eminent  modern  authority  remarks  that  Ham 
mond's  work  is 

"  In  great  and  growing  reputation.  There  are  many  good  criti 
cisms,  but  many  that  are  much  mistaken." — Home's  Bibl.  Bib> 

Girdleston  says  that  he 

"  Gives  us  the  result  of  laborious  study." 

"  Hammond  excels  in  learned  criticism  to  be  read  '  cum  grano 
sails.'  " — DR.  E.  WILLIAMS. 

"I  would  recommend  Lowth  and  Patrick  on  the  Old  Testament, 
and  Hammond  on  the  New." — DR.  SAMUEL  JOHNSON. 

"  He  [Dr.  Johnson]  was  extremely  fond  of  Dr.  Hammond's  works, 
and  sometimes  gave  them  as  a  present  to  young  men  going  into 
orders.  He  also  bought  them  for  the  library  at  Streatham." — 
Boswell's  Johnson,  MS.  note  by  J.  O.  C. 

"The  Paraphrase  and  Annotations  of  Hammond  on  the  New 
Testament  give  a  different  colour  to  the  Epistles  of  St.  Paul  from 
that  which  they  display  in  the  hands  of  Beza  and  the  other  theo 
logians  of  the  sixteenth  century." — Hallam's  Lit.  Hist,  of  Europe. 

4.  Paraphrase  and  Annotations  upon  the  Book  of  Psalms, 

1659,  '83,  fol.     This  work  is  in  vol.  iv.  (1684)  of  his  col 
lected  works.     New  ed.  by  Brancker,  1850,  2  vols.  Svo. 

"  The  notes  are  most  learned,  and  embrace  many  things  which 
are  omitted  by  others,  on  which  account  Hammond  is  to  be 
reckoned  among  the  best  interpreters  of  the  Psalms." — WALCH. 

"  I  think  his  plan  of  interpretation  is  the  right  one :  he  endea 
vours  first  to  give  the  literal  sense,  and  thence  deduces  the  mys 
tical." — BISHOP  LOWTH. 

"  The  substance  of  the  remarks  on  the  New  Testament  is  ap 
plicable  to  the  Annotations  on  the  Psalms.  There  is  a  great  deal 
of  very  dry  criticism,  which  does  not  interest  the  reader  much  in 
the  subject  of  these  sacred  compositions.  Hence  this  work  is  less 
known  and  respected  than  the  former." — Orme's  Bibl.  Bib. 

"Dr.  Hammond's  notes  are  exceedingly  valuable,  and  contain 
many  learned  observations  that  had  escaped  preceding  commen 
tators  on  the  Book  of  Psalms."— -Home's  Bibl.  Bib. 

"Of  use  chiefly  for  its  critical  hints."—  Williams's  C.P. 

"  A  valuable  critical  exposition." — Bickersteth's  C.  S. 

5.  A  Pacific  Discourse  of   God's  Grace   and  Decrees, 

1660,  8vo. 

"  Written  in  a  good  spirit  on  the  Arminian  sjde,  endeavouring 
to  shew  that  Bishop  Sanderson  accorded  with  him."— Bickersteth's 

6.  Paraphrases  and  Annotations  upon  the  X.  first  Chap 
ters  of  the  Proverbs,  1683,  fol.     This  forms  vol.  iv.  (1684) 
of  his  collected  works. 

"  Great  were  his  natural  abilities,  greater  his  acquired,  and  in 
the  whole  circle  of  arts  he  was  most  accurate.  He  was  eloquent 
in  the  tongues,  exact  in  antient  and  modern  writers,  was  well 


HAM 


HAM 


vers'd  in  philosophy,  and  hetter  in  philology,  most  learn'd  in 
school  divinity,  and  a  great  master  in  church  antiquity,  made  up 
of  fathers,  councils,  ecclesiastical  historians,  and  liturgies,  as  may 
be  at  large  seen  in  his  most  elaborate  works." — Athen.  Oxon. 

"His  death  was  an  unspeakable  loss  to  the  church;  for,  as  he 
was  a  man  of  great  learning,  and  of  most  eminent  merit,  he  ; 
having  been  the  person  that  during  the  bad  times  had  maintained 
the  cause  of  the  church  in  a  very  singular  manner,  so  he  was  a 
very  moderate  man  in  his  temper,  though  with  a  high  principle, 
and  would  probably  have  fallen  into  healing  counsels.  He  was 
also  much  set  on  reforming  abuses,  and  for  raising  the  clergy  to  a 
due  sense  of  the  obligations  they  lay  under."— BISHOP  BURNET. 

"He  was  the  tutelar  angel  to  keep  many  a  poor  royalist  from 
famishing ;  it  being  verily  believed  that  he  yearly  gave  away  more 
than  two  hundred  pounds."— Fuller's  Worthies. 

"Dr.  Hammond  had  extended  learning  and  real  piety,  and  is 
valuable  for  criticism  and  antiquity;  but  his  views  are  far  from 
the  simplicity  of  the  principles  of  the  Reformation.  He  is  not 
sound  on  justification  by  faith;  righteousness  by  faith  in  Christ 
has  ever  been  a  stone  of  stumbling  and  a  rock  of  offence.  Rom.  ix. 


Yet  one  golden  sentence  of  his  deserves  recording : 
«  '  0  what  a  glorious  thing,  how  rich  a  prize  for  the  expense  of  a 
man's  whole  life,  were  it  to  be  the  instrument  of  rescuing  one 
soul  from  ruin.'  "—BickerstetKs  C.  S. 

See  also  Life  by  Bishop  Fell ;  Biog.  Brit. ;  Barwick's 
Life;  Lloyd's  Memoirs;  Peck's  Desiderata;  Churton's 
Life  of  Nowell ;  Usher's  Life  and  Letters. 

Hammond,  Humphrey.  Serins.,  Lon.,  1715,  both 
Svo. 

Hammond,  J.,  D.D.  An  Historical  Narration  of 
the  whole  Bible,  Lon.,  1723,  8vo. 

Hammond,  Jaoez  D.  Political  History  of  New 
York  to  Dec.  1840.  Albany,  1843,  2  vols.  8vo ;  vol.  iiL, 
Syracuse,  8vo. 

"  The  work  is  written  with  candour  and  unstudied  accuracy." 
— GOVERNOR  SEWARD. 

"  Pains-taking,  but  not  always  accurate." — PRESIDENT  KING. 
Hammond,  James,  M.P.,  1710  P-1742,  second  son 
of  Anthony  Hammond,  M.P.,  cherished  an  unfortunate — 
because  unavailing — passion  for  Miss  Dashwood,  which 
sought  relief  in  his  Love  Elegies,  pub.  after  his  death 
with  a  recommendatory  preface  by  Lord  Chesterfield.  But 
Dr.  Beattie  insists  on  it  that  Hammond  was  not  in  love 
when  he  wrote  these  elegies :  they  are,  indeed,  principally 
translations  from  Tibullus.  Poetical  Works,  Glasg., 
1787,  8vo.  Reprinted  in  vol.  xi.  of  Johnson's  and  Chal- 
mer's  Eng.  Poets,  and  bound  up  in  the  same  vol.  with 
Collins's  poems  in  Bell's  pocket  ed. 

"Where  there  is  fiction,  there  is  no  passion:  he  that  describes 
himself  as  a  shepherd,  and  his  Neaera  or  Delia  as  a  shepherdess, 
and  talks  of  goats  and  lambs,  feels  no  passion.  He  that  courts 
his  mistress  with  Roman  imagery  deserves  to  lose  her ;  for  she 
may  with  good  reason  suspect  his  sincerity."— Dr.  Johnson's  Lives 
of  the  Eng.  Poets. 

This  is  about  as  wise  as  are  many  other  of  the  lexico 
grapher's  oracular  decisions. 

"  Hammond  was  a  young  gentleman  who  appears  to  have  fallen 
in  love  about  the  year  1740,  and  who  translated  Tibullus  into 
English  verse  to  let  his  mistress  and  the  public  know  of  it."— 
Hazlitt's  Lect.  on  the  Eng.  Poets. 

Hammond,  James  H.,  Ex-Governor  of  the  State 
of  S.  Carolina,  b.  in  1807,  in  Newberry  district  in  that 
state,  has  pub.  some  letters  on  slavery,  and  a  number  of 
papers  upon  politics,  manufactures,  <fec. 

Hammond,  John.  Leah  and  Rachel;  or,  the  two 
fruitful  Sisters,  Virginia  and  Maryland;  their  present 
condition  stated,  Lon.,  1656,  4to. 

Hammond,  John.  The  Practical  Surveyor,  Lon., 
1762,  8vo.  The  same,  pub.  by  S.  Warner,  1780,  8vo. 

Hammond,  M.  C.  M.,  U.  S.  Army,  a  younger  bro 
ther  of  Ex-Governor  Hammond,  was  born  in  1814,  in 
Newberry  district,  South  Carolina.  He  is  the  author  of  a 
number  of  papers  on  military  affairs,  pub.  in  the  Southern 
Quarterly  Review.  He  is  said  to  be  now  engaged  on  a 
trans,  of  Jomini's  treatise  on  the  Art  of  War. 

Hammond,  Col.  Robert,  Governor  of  the  Isle  of 
Wight.  Letters,  Ac.  rel.  to  Charles  I.,  Lon.,  1764,  8vo. 

Hammond,  Samuel.  Young  English  Scholar's 
Guide,  Lon.,  1744,  8vo. 

-,  H.a1mmond'  San«>el  H.,  b.  1809,  at  Bath,  N.York. 

1.  ±iills,  Lakes,  and  Forest  Streams,  N.  York,  1854,  12mo. 

2.  Hunting  Adventures  in  the  Northern  Wilds,  1855, 12mo. 

3.  In  conjunction  with  L.  W.  Mansfield,  Country  Margins 
and  Summer  Rambles,  1855, 12mo. 

Hammond,  or  Hamond,  Thomas.  Commotion 
of  certaine  Papists,  Ac.,  Lon.,  1605,  4to. 

Hammond,  Thomas.    Measurer,  Lon.,  1669,  8vo. 

Hammond,  William,  of  St.Alban's  Court,  in  East 
Kent,  the  collateral  ancestor  of  James  Hammond;  see  ante. 
Poems,  Lon.,  1655,  8vo.  Bibl.  Anglo-Poet.,  342,  £4  4s! 
Reprint,  1816,  4to.  Sixty-one  copies  printed,  with  a  pre 
face  by  Sir  S.  E.  Brydges. 


"One  of  the  forgotten  Poem-writers  of  the  last  age."— Phittips's 
Theat.  Poet.  Anglic. 

Hammond,  William.     Serm.,  Lon.,  1745, 12mo. 

Hammond,  William.     Serm.,  Lon.,  1776, 12mo. 

Hammond,  William  Andrew.  The  Definitions 
of  Faith  and  Canons,  <fcc.,  Oxf.,  1843,  8vo. 

Hamond,  George.    See  HAMMOND. 

Hamond,  Thomas.     See  HAMMOND. 

Hamond,  Walter.  1.  Trans,  of  A.  Parey  on  Gun 
shot,  &c.  Wounds,  Lon.,  1617,  4to.  2.  Madagascar,  1640, 
4to.  3.  Madagascar  the  Richest  Island,  <fcc.,  1643,  4to. 

Hamor,  Ralph e.  A  trve  Discovrse  of  the  present 
Estate  of  Virginia,  Lon.,  1615,  4to. 

Hampden,  John,  1594-1643,  the  resolute  opposer 
of  the  king's  alleged  right  to  levy  ship-money,  was  slain 
whilst  fighting  against  Prince  Rupert  at  Chalgrave  Field. 
Speach  in  defense  of  Himself  and  others,  1641,  4to.  See 
Biog.  Brit. ;  the  Histories  of  Eng. ;  Noble's  Memoirs  of 
Cromwell;  Clarendon's  Rebellion;  Lord  Nugent's  Me 
morials  of  Hampden,  1852,  2  vols.  8vo.  New  ed.,  1854, 
p.  8vo.  The  last-named  work  was  reviewed  by  T.  B. 
Macaulay  in  Edin.  Rev.,  liv.  505-550;  and  by  Robert 
Southey  in  the  Lon.  Quar.  Rev.,  xlvii.  457-519. 

Hampden,  Renn  Dickson,  D.D.,  in  1810  was  en 
tered  of  Oriel  College,  Oxford,  of  which  he  subsequently 
became  Fellow  and  Tutor ;  Public  Examiner  in  Classics 
in  1829,  and  also  in  1831;  Bampton  Lecturer,  1832;  Prin 
cipal  of  St.  Mary's  Hall,  1833 ;  White's  Prof,  of  Moral 
Philos.,  1834;  Regius  Prof,  of  Divinity,  1836;  Bishop  of 
Hereford,  1847.  His  appointment  to  the  two  last-named 
offices  excited  violent  opposition,  based  upon  alleged  un- 
soundness  of  doctrine  exhibited  in  Dr.  Hampden's  Bamp 
ton  Lectures — (1.)  The  Scholastic  Philosophy  considered 
in  its  relation  to  Christian  Theology,  preached  1832,  Ox 
ford,  1832,  8vo;  2d  ed.,  Lon.,  1837,  8vo;  3d  ed.,  1848,  8vo. 
Reviewed  in  the  British  Critic,  xiv.  125.  Dr.  Hampden 
has  also  pub. — (2.)  De  Ephororum  apud  Lacedaemonias 
magistratu.  Disputatio  cancellarii  prsemiodonata,  et  in 
theatro  Sheldoniano  recitata  die  Jun.  xxii.,  A.  D.  1814,  pp. 
22,  r.  8vo.  3.  Philosophical  Evidence  of  Christianity, 
&c.,  1827,  8vo.  This  vol.  has  been  declared  to  be  "an 
appropriate  and  worthy  companion  to  Butler's  Analogy." 
4.  Religious  Dissent,  1834,  8vo.  See  British  Critic  for 
Jan'y,  1835.  5.  Lects.  on  Moral  Philosophy,  8vo.  6.  In 
augural  Lect.  before  the  Univ.  of  Oxford,  2d  ed.,  1836,  8vo. 
See  Edin.  Rev.,  Ixiii.  225-239.  7.  Parochial  Serms.  and 
four  other  Serms.,  1836,  8vo.  8.  On  Tradition,  1839,  8vo  ; 
4th  ed.,  1841,  8vo.  9.  Serm.,  Jer.  xxiii.  5,  6  ;  3d  ed.,  1840, 
8vo.  10.  Serm.,  John  xvii.  17-21,  1844,  8vo.  11.  The 
Work  of  Christ  and  the  Spirit,  1847,  8vo.  12.  Letter  to 
Lord  John  Russell,  1847,  8vo.  13.  Serms.  before  the  Univ. 
of  Oxford,  1836-47,  8vo,  1848.  14.  Charge  at  his  Pri 
mary  Visitation,  1850,  Svo. 

We  must  not  forget  to  give  Dr.  Hampden  credit  for  his 
able  articles  on  Socrates,  Plato,  and  Aristotle,  in  the  Ency 
clopaedia  Britannica,  and  the  review  of  the  writings  of 
Thomas  Aquinas  and  the  scholastic  philosophy  in  the 
Encyclopaedia  Metropolitana.  See  a  notice  by  Sir  Wil 
liam  Hamilton  of  the  article  on  Aristotle's  Philosophy 
in  the  Edinburgh  Review  for  April,  1833 ;  also  pub.  in 
Sir  William's  Discussions  on  Philosophy,  &c.  Sir  William 
remarks  that 

"  Dr.  Whately's  errors  relative  to  Induction  are,  however,  sur 
passed  by  those  of  another  able  writer,  Mr.  Hampden,  in  regard 
both  to  that  process  itself,  and  to  the  Aristotelian  exposition  of 
its  nature." 

The  review  of  the  writings  of  Aquinas  and  the  scho 
lastic  philosophy  has  been  highly  commended  by  a  very 
eminent  authority  : 

"  Dr.  Hampden,  in  his  Life  of  Thomas  Aquinas  and  view  of  the 
scholastic  philosophy,  published  in  the  Encyclopaedia  Metropoli 
tana,  has  the  merit  of  having  been  the  only  Englishman,  past  or 
present,  so  far  as  I  know,  since  the  revival  of  letters,  who  has 
penetrated  fer  into  the  wilderness  of  scholasticism." — Hattam's 
Lit.  Hist,  of  Europe,  ed.  1854,  vol.  i.  14,  n.;  see  also  p.  8,  n.  13. 

As  regards  the  celebrated  controversy  which  has  made 
the  name  of  Dr.  Hampden  so  famous  over  the  ecclesiastical 
world,  we  of  course  have  no  right  to  express  an  opinion 
in  these  pages.  Indeed,  we  do  not  profess  to  have  made 
any  attempt  to  master  so  hydra-headed  a  subject.  But, 
for  the  benefit  of  those  who  have  more  curiosity  or  more 
leisure  than  ourselves,  we  append  the  following  list  of 
publications  upon  this  qucestio  vexata. 

1.  Letter  to  the  Archbishop  of  Canterbury,  by  Jortin 
Redivivus,  3d  ed.,  1836,  8vo,  pp.  40.  2.  State  of  Parties  in 
Oxford,  1836,  Svo,  pp.  61.  3.  Elucidations  of  Dr.  Hamp 
den's  Theolog.  Statements,  1836,  Svo,  pp.  47.  4.  Corresp. 
between  Dr.  Hampden  and  the  Archbishop  of  Canterbury, 
2d  ed.,  1838,  pp.  38.  5.  Statements  of  Christian  Doctrine 


HAM 

from  the  pub.  Writings  of  Dr.  Hampden,  1836,  pp.  36. 
6.  Dr.  Hampden's  Theolog.  Statements  and  the  Thirty -Nine 
Articles  Compared,  1836,  pp.  62.  7.  Dr.  Hampden's  Past 
and  Present  Statements  Compared,  1836,  pp.  22.  8.  The 
Official  and  Legal  Proceedings  connected  with  the  Appoint 
ment  of  Dr.  Hampden  to  the  see  of  Hereford ;  the  numerous 
Extracts  from  the  Canonists  collated  with  the  original 
authorities  and  translated,  with  Notes  and  an  Appendix, 
1848,  8vo.  See  also  the  following  articles  in  periodicals  : 
9  Edin.  Rev.,  Ixiii.  225.  10.  Brit,  and  For.  Rev.,  xv.  169. 
11.  N.  Brit.  Rev.,  viii.  286.  12.  Blackw.  Mag.,  xxxix. 
425,  428,  431,  468.  13.  Eraser's  Mag.,  xxxvu.  105. 
14.  Eclec.  Rev.,  4th  Ser.,  xxiii.  2221.  15.  N.  Haven  Church 
Rev.,  i.  246. 

Dr.  Southey  partook  of  the  indignation  which  was  ex 
cited  by  the  appointment  of  Dr.  Hampden  to  the  Regius 
Professorship,  and  thus  expresses  himself  in  a  letter  to 
Herbert  Hill: 

"James  II.'s  conduct  in  obtruding  a  Romish  president  upon 
Magdalen  was  not  worse  than  that  of  the  present  ministry  in  ap 
pointing  Dr.  Hampden  to  the  professorship  of  divinity.  If  they 
had  given  him  any  other  preferment,  even  a  bishopric,  it  would 
have  been  only  one  proof  among  many  that  it  is  part  of  their 
policy  to  promote  men  of  loose  opinions;  but  to  place  him  in  the 
office  which  he  now  holds  was  an  intended  insult  to  the  Univer 
sity.  In  no  way  could  the  "Whigs  expect  so  materially  to  injure 
the  Church  as  by  planting  Germanized  professors  in  our  schools 
of  divinity.  Thank  God,  there  is  too  much  sound  learning  in  the 
land  for  them  to  succeed  in  this."— Keswick,  April  2, 1836. 

It  is  not  a  little  curious,  considered  in  connexion  with 
the  above,  that  the  bishopric  followed  the  professorship. 

On  the  other  hand,— for  it  is  our  wont  to  let  each  side 
speak  for  itself, — the  Edinburgh  Reviewer  (supra)  can 
hardly  find  terms  strong  enough  to  express  his  indigna 
tion  at  the  persecution  to  which  he  alleges  Dr.  Hampden 
has  been  subjected : 

"  And  for  such  persecution,"  he  tells  us,  "the  plea  of  conscience 
is  not  admissible ;  it  can  only  be  a  conscience  so  blinded  by  wilful 
neglect  of  the  highest  truth,  or  so  corrupted  by  the  habitual  in 
dulgence  of  evil  passions,  that  it  rather  aggravates  than  excuses 
the  guilt  of  those  whom  it  misleads."— April,  1836 :  239. 

Hampden,  Rob.  Trevor,  Vice-corn,  de  Britannia, 
Lathmon,  Villa  Bromhamensis,  Poemata,  nunc  primum 
curante  Filio  Joan.  Trevor  edita,  Parmae,  Typis  Bodo- 
nianis,  1792,  fol.  115  copies  printed.  Vellum  paper,  15 
copies  printed.  One  copy  on  vellum  sold  at  Junot's  sale 
for  £15  15*.  Ordinary  copies  have  been  sold  at  £1  16s. 
to  £6  6s.  These  poems  are  praised  by  Lords  Hardwicke 
and  Lyttelton. 

Hampe,  John  Henry,  M.D.  1.  Metallurgy,  Lon., 
1778,  fol.  Posth.  2.  Con.  on  nat.  hist,  to  Phil.  Trans., 
1738,  '70. 

Hamper,  Wm.,  1776-1831,  a  native  of  Birmingham 
England.  The  Life,  Diary,  and  Corresp.  of  Sir  Wm.  Dug- 
dale,  Lon.,  1837,  r.  4to.  This  is  one  of  the  best  commen 
taries  on  the  events  of  the  Great  Rebellion. 

"  For  numerous  points  of  remarkable  information,  and  for  very 
many  other  great  merits,  we  cordially  commend  this  volume  to 
every  literary  man  and  library  in  Great  Britain."— ion.  Lit,  Gaz. 
See  also  Lon.  Gent.  Mag. ;  Lon.  Month.  Rev.,  July,  1827 
Dibdin's  Lib.  Cornp.,  ed.  1825,  p.  162;  our  life  of  Sm  WM 
DUGDALE,  in  this  Dictionary. 

Hampole,  Hampoole,  or  Hampull,  Richard. 
See  ROLLE. 

Hampson,  Sir  G.  F.  Duties  of  Trustees,  2d  ed. 
Lon.,  1830,  8vo. 

Hampson,  John.  1.  Calvinism,  1788,  8vo.  2.  Mem 
of  John  Wesley,  &c.,  1791,  3  vols.  12mo.  3.  Poetics  of 
Vida,  Ac.,  1793,  8vo.  4.  Serms.,  1793,  8vo. 

Hampson,  R.  T.  1.  Dates,  Charters,  and  Customs 
of  the  Middle  Ages,  Lon.,  1841,  2  vols.  8vo.  2.  Origines 
Patriciae ;  or,  a  Deduction  of  European  Titles  of  Nobility 
and  Dignified  Officers  from  their  Primitive  Sources,  1846. 
8vo  and  r.  8vo. 

"  None  can  be  said  to  know  things  well,  who  do  not  know  them 
in  the  beginning."— SIR  WM.  TEMPLE. 

Hampson,  Wm.  1.  Duckingfield  Lodge;  a  Poem 
Lon.,  1793,  4to.  2.  Essay  on  the  Management  of  Cows 
1796,  8vo. 

Hampstead,  Capt.  J.  1.  Naval  Tactics,  1808,  4to 
2.  Phenomena  of  Nature,  1811,  8vo. 

Hampton.    Existei 
proved,  Lon.,  1711,  8vo. 

Hampton, George.  Theolog.  treatises,Lon.,1785,<fec 

Hampton,  James  N.    Fall  of  Man,  Lon.,  1750,  8vo 

Hampton,  Rev.  James,  d.  1778.     1.  Trans,  from 

the  Greek  of  the  General  Hist,  of  Polybius,  Lon.,  1756 

'72,  2  vols.  4to ;  1772,  4  vols.  8vo.     With  a  Preface  by  Dr 

Johnson.     2.  Two  Extracts  from  the  6th  Book  of  Polybius 

1764,  4to. 


HAN 

"  Accuracy  and  probity  shine  in  his  writings.    He  was  a  scholar, 
a  statesman,  and  a  philosopher.  In  Polybius  we  meet  with  nothing 
but  unadorned  simplicity  and  plain  reason. .  .  .  The  English  trans 
lator  has  preserved  the  admirable  sense  and  improved  the  coarse 
riginal.'  '—GIBBON. 

"  I  was  very  little  acquainted  with  the  merits  of  this  work  till 
hey  were  pointed  out  by  Jebb.    The  Preface  was  certainly  revised 
d  improved  by  Dr.  Johnson." — DR.  PARR. 

"Polybius's  history  is  interwoven  with  sound  political  reflec- 
ions." — CHANCELLOR  KENT. 

Hampton,  Wm.     Serms.,  1660,  '67,  both  4to. 
Hamstead,  J.     Cause  of  Gravity,  Ac.,  1811.    Pro- 
)ably  the  same  as  HAMSTEAD,  CAPT.  J.,  above. 
Hanam,  Richard.    See  HAINAM. 
Hanburg,  N.    1.  Horologia  Scoterica,  Ac.,  Lon.,  1682, 
4to.     2.   Supp.  Analyticum  ad   Equationes   Cartesianis, 
Camb.,  1691,  4to. 

Hanbnry,  Barnard,  and  Rev.  George  Wad- 
dington.  Journal  of  a  Visit  to  some  Parts  of  Ethiopia, 
Lon.,  1822,  4to. 

"  Mr.  Waddington,  we  understand,  has  the  reputation  of  being 
good  classical  scholar ;  we  cannot  however  say  much  in  favour 
f  his  English."— ion.  Quar.  Rev.,  xxvii.  215-239,  q.  v, 

Hanbury,  Benjamin.  Hist.  Memorials  of  the  Con- 
feTegationalists,  Lon.,  1839-44,  3  vols.  8vo.  Reviewed  in 
Lon.  Eclec.  Rev.,  4th  Ser.,  vi.  335. 

Hanbury,  Rev.  Wm.,  of  Leicester,  d.  1718,  pub.  A 
Complete  Body  of  Planting  and  Gardening,  Lon.,  1770- 
73,  2  vols.  fol.,  and  some  other  works,  1758-67. 

Hancock,  Blith.  1.  Eclipses,  Norw.,  1783,  8vo. 
2.  Astronomy  of  Comets,  1786,  8vo. 

Hancock,  John,  D.D.,  Rector  of  St.  Margaret's,  Loth- 
bury,  London,  Preb.  of  Canterbury,  and  Chaplain  to  the 
Duke  of  Bedford.     Serms.,  Ac.,  1697-1739. 
Hancock,  John,  1670-1752,  a  minister  of  Lexington, 

Serms.,  1722,  '24,  '26,  '48. 

Hancock,  John,  d.  1744,  aged  41,  a  minister  of  Brain- 
tree,  Mass.,  son  of  the  preceding.  Serms.,  Ac.,  1738,  '39, 
'43,  '48. 

Hancock,  John,  LL.D.,  1737P-1793,  one  of  the 
signers  of  the  Declaration  of  American  Independence,  a 
son  of  John  Hancock  of  Braintree,  and  a  grandson  of 
John  Hancock  of  Lexington,  was  a  native  of  Quincy, 
Mass.;  grad.  at  Harvard  Coll.,  1754;  Member  of  the  House 
of  Rep.  for  Boston,  1766;  President  of  the  Provincial  Con 
gress  of  Mass.,  1774;  President  of  the  Continental  Con 
gress,  1775;  Governor  of  Mass.,  1780-84  and  1787-93. 
He  pub.  an  Oration  on  the  Boston  Massacre,  1774.  See 
Lives  of  the  Signers  of  the  Declaration  of  Independence ; 
National  Portrait  Gallery  of  Distinguished  Americans; 
the  histories  of  the  United  States. 
Hancock,  John.  On  Quakers,Lon.,1802,'03,both  8vo. 
Hancock,  Robert.  Serm.,  <fcc.,  Lon.,  1680,  '82, 
both  4to. 

Hancock,  Thomas,  M.D.,  wrote  a  number  of  books 
in  defence  of  the  principles  of  the  Quakers,  (Lon.,  1828, 
'35,  <fcc.,)  one  of  which  was  an  answer  to  Crewsden's  Bea 
con  to  the  Society  of  Friends.  See  Lowndes's  Brit.  Lib., 
col.  1176-77. 

"Dr.  Hancock  cleaves  to  the  mysticism  of  Barclay,  but  advances 
some  admirable  sentiments." — Ubi  supra. 

Hancock,  Wm.,  minister  of  St.  Paul's  Chapel,  Kil- 
burn.  1.  Hear  the  Church,  4th  ed.,  Lon.,  1848,  fp.  8vo. 
2.  Serm.,  12mo.  3.  Two  Serms.,  1841,  12mo.  4.  Posth. 
Serms.,  1845,  p.  8vo. 

Handasyd,  Talbot  Blayney.  Antiquities  near 
Bagshot;  Archseol.,  1785. 

Handley,  James.  1.  Colloquia  Chirurgica,  Lon., 
1705,  8vo.  2.  Comp.  of  Anatomy,  1705,  8vo.  3.  Animal 
Economy,  <fcc.,  1721,  8vo.  4.  The  Plague,  1721,  8vo. 

Hands,  Eliz.  Death  of  Amnon;  a  Poem,  Lon., 
1789,  8vo. 

Hands,  Wm.  1.  Rules  in  K.  B.,  Lon.,  1796,  8vo. 
2.  Solic.  Prac.  in  K.  B.,  1803,  8vo.  3.  Patents  for  Inven 
tions,  1808,  8vo.  4.  Solic.  Assist,  in  Ct.  of  Chan.,  1809, 
8vo.  5.  Election  Petitions,  1812,  8vo.  6.  Fines  and  Recov. 
in  Ct.  C.  P.,  4th  ed.,  1825,  8vo. 

Handy,  Washington  R.,  M.D.,  Prof,  of  Anatomy 
and  Physiology  in  Baltimore  Coll.  of  Dental  Surgery,  b. 
1812,  in  Somerset  co.,  Maryland.  A  Text-Book  of  Anato 
my,  and  Guide  in  Dissections,  Phila.,  1854,  r.  8vo,  pp.  810. 
"It  is  adapted  alike  to  Medical  and  Dental  Students."— South. 
Jour,  of  Med.  and  Phys.  Sci. 

Dr.  H.  has  contributed  largely  to  the  Amer.  Jour,  of 
Dental  Science,  and  to  the  Brit.  Med.  and  Surg.  Jour. 
Hanerneld,  Thomas.    Funl.  Serm.,  1811. 
Hanford,  C.  J.,  editor  of  an  English  trans,  from  the 
Spanish  of  Balmez's  Protestantism  and  Catholicity  com 
pared,  &c.,  Lon.,  1849,  8vo. 
I      "  This  work  has  not  undeservedly  been  translated  into  English, 


HAN 

French,  and  Italian.  Moderate  in  its  tone,  tolerant  in  its  senti 
ments,  and  on  the  whole  candid  in  its  statements,  it  is  one  of  the 
few  works  of  religious  controversy  that  maintain  throughout  a 
philosophic  character  and  spirit." — Lon.  Athenaeum. 

Hanger,  Col.  George,  afterwards  Lord  Cole- 
raine,  served  in  the  American  war,  and  gives  an  account 
of  his  residence  in  this  country  in  his  Life,  Adventures, 
and  Opinions,  Lon.,  1801,  2  vols.  8vo.  He  also  pub.  tracts 
on  military  subjects,  1789,  '92,  '95,  1804,  and  the  Lives, 
Adventures,  and  Sharping  Tricks  of  eminent  Gamesters, 
1804,  12mo. 

Hanger,  Philip.  Men  castaway  at  Sea,  Lon.,  1675, 
4to. 

Hanhart,  M.  and  N.  Narrative  of  the  Cruise  of  the 
Yacht  Maria  among  the  Faroe  Islands,  in  the  Summer  of 
1854,  Lon.,  1855,  r.  8yo. 

Hankin,  Christiana  C.  Life  of  Mary  Anne  Schim- 
melpenninck,  Author  of  Select  Memoirs  of  Port  Royal, 
and  other  Works,  edited  by  her  Relation,  C.  C.  H.  See 
Lon.  Athen.,  1858,  Pt.  2,  166,  and  Lon.  Examiner. 

Hankin,  Rev.  Edward,  M.D.  Polit.  tracts,  Ac., 
1786-1815. 

Hankinson,  Thomas  E.  Serms.,  Ac., Lon.,  1833-44. 
Hanley,  P.,  M.D.    Med.  con.  to  Phil.  Trans.,  1771. 
Hanley,  Sylvanus.    1.  Young  Conchologist's  Book 
of  Species,  Lon.,  1840,  '42,  p.  8vo.    2.  Ipsa  Linnaei  Con- 
chylia,  1855,  8vo. 

"  His  Shells  of  Linnaeus  will  rank  as  the  standard  by  which  all 
systematic  conchologists  must  henceforth  abide  as  respects  the 
nomenclature  of  the  Linnaean  species." —  Westminster  Rev.,  April, 
1856,  q.  v. 

3.  Enlarged  ed.  of  Wood's  Index  Testaceologicus,  1855, 
Ac.  4.  In  conjunction  with  W.  Wood,  English  ed.  of 
Lamarck's  Cat.  of  Recent  Shells,  1844-50.  5.  Catalogue 
of  Bivalve  Shells,  1856,  8vo. 

Hanmer.  J.  W.  Reports  of  Cases  in  K.B.,  &c.,  from 
the  MSS.  of  Lord  Kenyon,  Lon.,  1819-25, 2  vols.  8vo.  See 
Wallace's  Reporters;  Marvin's  Leg.  Bibl. 

Hanmer,  Sir  John,  Bart.  1.  Sonnets,  Lon.,  12mo. 
2.  Fra  Cipolla,  and  other  Poems,  1839, 8vo.  Commended 
by  Lon.  Athen.,  1839,  982.  . 

Hanmer,  Rev.  Jonathan,  d.  1687,  wrote  a  work 
upon  Confirmation,,1658,  8vo,  one  on  Eccles.  Antiq.,  and 
some  other  treatises. 

Hanmer,  Meredith,  D.D.,  1543-1604,  Chaplain  of 
Corpus  Christi  Coll.,  Oxf.,  and  subsequently  treasurer  to 
the  Church  of  the  Holy  Trinity,  Dublin.  1.  Chronicle  of 
Ireland,  by  M.  Hanmer,  Edm.  Campion,  and  Edm.  Spen 
ser.  Pub.  by  Sir  James  Ware,  Dubl.,  1633,  fol.  2.  A 
Chronographie.  This  is  annexed  to  his  trans,  of  the 
Eccles.  Histories  of  Eusebius,  Socrates,  and  Evagrius,  Lon., 
1577,  '85,  1650,  fol.  3.  The  Jesuities  Banner,  1581,  4to 
4.  Confut  of  M.  Champion,  1581,  8vo.  5.  The  Baptizing 
of  a  Turkej  a  Serm.,  1586,  16mo.  Other  works. 

Hanmer,  Sir  Thomas,  M.P.,  1676?-1746,  Speaker 
of  the  House  of  Commons  and  M.P.  for  nearly  thirty  years 
devoted  much  time  and  labour  to  the  preparation  of  an 
edit,  of  the  Works  of  Shakspeare,  which  he  presented  to 
the  Univ.  of  Oxford.  It  was  pub.,  Oxford,  1744,  6  vols 
4to,  with  engravings  by  Gravelot.  See  Lowndes's  Bibl 
Man.,  1647 ;  Dibdin's  Lib.  Comp.,  ed.  1825,  801.  In  1838 
8vo,  appeared  Sir  Thomas's  Life  and  Corresp.,  which  has 
been  already  noticed.  See  BUNBURY,  SIR  HENRY. 

Hanna,  William,  LL.D.  See  CHALMERS,  THOMAS 
D.D.,  LL.D. 

Hannam,  John.  Economy  of  Waste  Manures,  Lon. 
1844,  fp.  8vo. 

"  The  treatise  is  valuable,  and  the  author  is  known  as  the  write 
of  several  prize  essays." — Donaldson's  AgricuU.  Biog. 

Mr.  H.'s  Prize  Essays  have  been  On  the  Use  of  Han 
Tillages,  On  the  Effects  of  Special  Manures,  Ac. 

"  Mr.  Hannam's  excellent  treatise  on  Waste  Manures  points  ou 
the  great  loss  of  manure  going  on  on  almost  every  farm,  and  i 
gives  directions  which  will  be  found  extremely  useful  for  the  pre 
servation  of  all  kinds  of  manures  in  their  most  effective  state."— 
Address  of  the  Council  of  the  Yorkshire  Agr.  Soc.  Trans.,  1843,  pag 
135. 

Hannam,  Richard.    See  HAINAM. 
Hannam,  Rev.  Thomas.     1.  An  Analyt.  Comp. 
or,  Outlines  of  Serms.,  Lon.,  1801-02,  2  vols.  18mo.    2.  Th 
Pulpit  Assist. ;  or,  Outlines  of  Serms.,  1810,  4  vols.  18mo 
5th  ed.,  revised  by  James  Anderson,  1840,  18mo. 

Hannay,  David.     Ned  Allen;  or,  The  Past  Age 
Lon.,  2  vols.  p.  8vo. 

"  We  have  read  Mr.  Hannay's  lucubrations  with  much  edifica 
tion."— Lon.  Lit.  Gazette. 

Hannay,  George  K.    1.  Concord,  to  the  N.  Test 

Edin.,  1835,  32mo.     Commended  by  Lowndes's  Brit.  Lib 

2.  Concord,  to  the  0.  and  N.  Tests.,  Lon.,  1837,  r.  18mo 

new  ed.,  1839. 

782 


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"  Such  a  work  is  all  that  the  Scripture  student  could  desire."— 
cottish  Guardian. 

Hannay,  James,  b.  at  Dumfries,  Scotland,  in  1827, 
erved  in  the  Royal  Navy  until  1845,  since  which  he  has 
evoted  his  time  to  literary  pursuits.     He  has  been  a  large 
ontributor  to  Punch  and  other  English  periodicals.    1.  Bis- 
uits  and  Grog,  1838.    2.  Claret-Cup,  1848.    3.  Hearts  are 
rumps,  1848.    4.  King  Dobbs,  1849.    5.  Singleton  Fonte- 
oy,  1850,  3  vols.     6.  Sands  and  Shells,  1854.     7.  Satire 
nd  Satirists:   Six  Lects.     8.  Eustace   Conyers,  1855,  3 
ols.    Mr.  Hannay  occupies  a  distinguished  position  as  a 
riter  of  fiction.     See  Men  of  the  Time,  Lon.,  1856. 
Hannay,  Patrick.     1.  Two  Elegies,  Lon.,  1619,  4to. 
.  A  Happy  Husband,  1619,  8vo.     3.  The  Nightingale, 
heretine  and  Mariana,  Songs  and  Sonets,  and  the  two 
receding  works,  all  in  one  vol.  8vo,  1622.     Sold  at  Bind- 
iy*i  sale  for  £35  14s. ;  Sykes's,  £42 ;  Perry's,  £38  6s. 
Hannay,  R.     Polit.  publications,  1821-31. 
Hannay,  Robert.    Proceed,  of  the  Quakers,  1694. 
Hannes,  Edward.    An  Account  of  the  Dissection 
f  the  Duke  of  Gloucester,  1700,  4to. 
Hannes,  Wm.     Serms.,  1717-25. 
Hansard,  George.   Law  rel.  to  Aliens,  1844-46,  8vo. 
Hansard,  George  Agar.    The  Book  of  Archery, 
on.,  1840,  8vo.     With  15  illustrations. 
"  The  pictorial  embellishments  are  some  of  the  most  beautiful 
we  have  seen." — Lon.  Art-Union. 

Hansard,  Hugh  J.    Letters  and  Thoughts  rel.  to 
!hristian  Knowledge  and  Justice,  1784,  8vo. 

Hansard,  John.  Entries  of  Declarations,  and  other 
'leadings,  &c.,  Lon.,  1685,  fol. 

Hansard,  T.  C.     Parliamentary  Debates  from  1803 
o  1856,  and  continued  regularly.     Cobbett's  Parl.  Debates 
were  merged  in  Hansard's  Debates.     To  these  the  legal 
and  historical  student  should  add  Parliamentary  History, 
from  the  earliest  period  (1072)  to  1803,  36  vols.,  and  How- 
ell's  State  Trials,  34  vols.  r.  8vo.     And,  if  he  can,  let  him 
also  procure  the  Rolls  of  Parliament,  1278-1503,  with  the 
General  Index,  7  vols.  fol.     Respecting  the  value  of  the 
Parliamentary  History  to  the  historical  student,  see  Prof. 
Smyth's  Lects.  on  Mod.  Hist,  and  Lord  Brougham's  Po- 
itical  Philosophy.     To  Mr.  Hansard  we  are  also  indebted 
or  Typographia,  1825,  r.  8vo,  and  for  Treatises  on  Print- 
ng  and  Type-Founding,  pub.  in  Encyc.  Brit.,  and  re 
printed  in  a  p.  8vo  vol. ;  last  ed.,  1851. 

"A  Printer's  manual,  which  every  one  in  the  trade  will  find  it 
his  interest  to  possess."—  Westminster  Review. 

Hanselins,  J.  G.     Medicina  Brevis,  1714,  8vo. 
Hanson,  A.  C.     1.  Laws   of   Maryland,   1765-84, 
Annap.,   1787,  fol.     2.  Rept.  case  Baptis   Irvine,  Bait,, 
1808,  8vo. 

Hanson,  Rev.  J.  H.,  d.  1857.  The  Lost  Prince: 
Facts  tending  to  prove  the  identity  of  Louis  XVII.  of  France 
and  the  Rev.  Eleazer  Williams,  Missionary  to  the  Indians, 
N.  York,  1854, 12mo.  See  Putnam's  Mag.,  Feb.,  April,  and 
July,  1853 ;  Feb.  1854.  In  the  Appendix  to  the  Redeemed 
Captive  Returning  to  Zion,  being  an  account  of  the  Rev. 
John  Williams,  (Northampton,  Mass.,  1853,  16mo,)  the 
author  professes  to  prove  that  the  Rev.  Eleazer  Williams 
is  a  direct  descendant  of  the  Rev.  John  Williams,  and 
therefore  that  he  cannot  be  "The  Lost  Prince."  Mr.  Wil 
liams  d.  in  1858.  See  Knickerbocker  Mag.,  Nov.  1858. 

Hanson,  Rev.  J.  W.,  b.  1823,  at    Boston,  Mass. 
1.  Hist,  of  Danvers,  Mass.     2.  Hist,  of  Norridgewock, 
Maine.     3.  Hist,  of  Gardiner,  Maine.     4.  Starry  Oracles. 
5.  Ladies'  Casket.    6.  Flora's  Dial.    7.  Offering  to  Beauty. 
8.  Witnesses  to  the  Truth,  <fcc. 
Hanson,  Joseph.     Petitions  for  Peace,  1808. 
Hanson,  Sir  Levett.    Hist,  of  Knighthood,  Lon., 
1802,  2  vols.  8vo.     See  Lowndes's  Bibl.  Man.,  1080. 

Hanson,  Martha.  Sonnets,  &c.,  1809,  Lon.,  2  vols. 
8vo. 

Hanson,  Raphe.  Certain  Nautical  Questions. 
Hanvil,  John,  a  monk  of  St.  Alban's,  of  the  12th 
cent.,  wrote  a  long  Latin  poem,  in  nine  books,  entit.  Archi- 
trenius,  Paris,  1517,  4to.  There  are  two  MSS.  of  it  in  the 
Bodleian  Library,  with  some  epistles,  epigrams,  and  other 
poems,  by  the  same  author. 

Hanway,  James.  Brit.  Troops  in  America,  1760, 8vo. 
Hanway,  John.     1.  Psalmi  Davidis  I.,  &c.,  Lon., 
1723,  fol.;  1726,  8vo.     2.  Trans,  and  Poems,  1730,  8vo. 

Hanway,  Jonas,  1712-1786,  a  native  of  Portsmouth, 
England,  resided  for  some  years  in  Russia,  engaged  in 
mercantile  business.  On  his  return  he  pub.  the  work  by 
which  he  is  best  known :  An  Hist.  Account  of  the  Brit. 
Trade  over  the  Caspian  Sea,  with  a  Jour,  of  Travels  from 
London  through  Russia  into  Persia,  and  back  again 
through  Russia,  Germany,  and  Holland,  Lon.,  1753-54, 


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4  vols.  4to.  This  is  a  work  of  considerable  value ;  but  | 
some  years  later  Jonas  gave  to  the  world  an  account  of  a 
much  less  extensive  tour,  viz. :  A  Journal  of  Eight  Days' 
Journey  from  Portsmouth  to  Kingston-upon-Thames, 
through  Southampton,  "Wiltshire,  &c.  To  which  is  added 
an  Essay  upon  Tea  and  its  pernicious  consequences,  1756, 
2  vols.  8vo.  Dr.  Johnson's  notice  of  these  works  deserves 
to  be  quoted : 

"Jonas,"  says  he,  "acquired  some  reputation  by  travelling 
abroad,  but  lost  it  all  by  travelling  at  home."— SoswelPs  Johnson: 

Where  see  also  the  account  of  Johnson's  defence  of  his 
favourite  beverage  against  Jonas's  onslaught  upon  it,  and 
the  good  philanthropist's  rejoinder. 

Hanway  took  a  lively  interest  in  the  promotion  of  reli 
gion  and  the  welfare  of  the  poorer  classes,  and  pub.  many 
treatises  upon  these  subjects.  See  Pugh's  Life  of  Han- 
way;  Johnson's  Works,  by  Hawkins;  Watt's  Bibl.  Brit; 
Forster's  Life  of  Goldsmith;  McCulloch's  Lit.  of  Polit. 
Econ. ;  Lon.  Gent.  Mag.,  vol.  Ixv.  Jonas  deserves  a  kindly 
remembrance  every  rainy  day,  for  to  him  the  male  sex  are 
indebted  for  the  use  of  the  umbrella.  The  great  Christian 
institution  of  the  Sunday-School,  which  no  Christian  or 
patriot  should  neglect,  found  a  zealous  advocate  in  the 
excellent  Hanway.  He  was  also  the  principal  founder  of 
the  Marine  Society  and  the  Magdalen  Hospital. 

Harbaugh,  Henry,  b.  1817,  Franklin  co.,  Penna., 
pastor  of  the  First  German  Reformed  Church,  Lancaster, 
Penna.  1.  Heaven ;  or,  The  Sainted  Dead,  Phila.,  1848, 
12mo.  2.  Heavenly  Recognition  of  Friends,  1851,  12mo. 
3.  Heavenly  Home,  1853,  12mo.  4.  Birds  of  the  Bible, 
1854,  4to.  5.  Union  with  the  Church,  1856,  18mo.  6. 
The  Fathers  of  the  German  Reformed  Church  in  Europe 
and  America,  1857-58,  3  vols.  12mo.  7.  The  Life  of  the 
Rev.  Michael  Schlatter,  1857,  12mo.  8.  The  True  Glory 
of  Woman,  1858, 12mo.  Mr.  Harbaugh's  works  have  been 
widely  circulated  and  highly  commended. 

Harbert,  Sir  Wm.,  Knt.  1.  Lett,  to  a  Roman  pre 
tended  Catholike,  Lon.,  1586,  4to.  2.  Laudes  of  Sir  P. 
Sidney,  1586,  4to.  3.  Prophesie  of  Cadwallader,  last 
King  of  the  Britaines,  1606,  4to.  Bindley,  £7  10s. 

Harbin.  Rev.  George.    See  BEDFORD,  HILKIAH. 

Harbin,  Thomas.  Traveller's  Companion,  Lon., 
1702. 

Harby,  Isaac,  1788-1828,  a  native  of  Charleston, 
S.  C.,  was  the  author  of  the  Gordian  Knot,  a  Play,  1807; 
Albert!,  a  Play ;  an  Address  before  the  Reformed  Society 
of  Israelites,  1825 ;  and  numerous  essays  in  the  periodi 
cals  of  the  day.  In  June,  1828,  he  removed  to  New  York, 
where  he  contributed  to  the  Evening  Post,  and  other 
Journals.  A  selection  from  his  Miscellaneous  Writings 
was  pub.  1829,  Charleston,  8vo,  by  Henry  L.  Pinckney 
and  Abraham  Moise.  See  Duyckincks'  Cyc.  of  Amer.  Lit. 

Harby,  Thomas.     Passages  of  Scripture,  1678,  fol. 

Harcourt,  James,  D.D.    Serms.,  1721,  '35,  both  4to. 

Harcourt,  Leveson  Vernon,  Chancellor  of  the 
Cathedral,  and  Preb.  of  York.  1.  The  Doctrine  of  the 
Deluge,  Lon.,  1838,  2  vols.  8vo.  A  valuable  work.  2.  A 
Remonstrance  to  the  Bp.  of  Exeter,  <fcc.,  1850,  Svo.  3. 
Lects.  on  the  Four  Gospels  Harmonized,  1851,  3  vols.  Svo. 

Harcourt,  Robert.  A  Relation  of  a  Voyage  to 
Guiana,  Lon.,  1613,  '26,  4to.  La  meme,  traduite  en  Hol- 
landais,  Leyden,  1707,  Svo.  This  will  be  also  found  entire 
in  the  Harleian  Miscell.,  and  a  portion  of  it  is  iii  Pur- 
chas's  Pilgrimes,  vol.  iv.  Lowndes,  by  a  misprint  doubt 
less,  makes  it  read  Voyage  to  Guinea! 

Hard  castle,  David,  Jr.  1.  Letters  on  the  Currency, 
Lon.,  Svo.  2.  Banks  and  Bankers,  2d  ed.,  1842,  p.  Svo. 
The  bankers  of  a  country — the  Hopes  and  Welles'  and 
Barings  of  the  Old  World,  and  the  Wards,  the  Drexels, 
the  Clarks,  and  the  Corcorans  of  the  New — are  powerful 
auxiliaries  to  the  enterprise  and  energy  developed  in  the 
walks  of  Commerce  and  the  marts  of  Trade. 

Hardcastle,  Thomas.  Christian  Geography  and 
Arithmetic,  being  a  Survey  of  the  World  in  several  Serms., 
Lon.,  1674,  Svo. 

Hardcastle,  Wm.  1.  Genealog.  Text-Book ;  Brit. 
Hist.,  Lon.,  ISmo.  2.  Cat.  of  Astronomy,  &c.,  1845,  ISmo. 

Hardeby,  Geoffrey,  an  Augustine  monk,  confessor 
to  Henry  II.,  and  Prof,  at  Oxford,  d.  1360,  wrote  Lects. 
on  the  0.  and  N.  Tests.,  A  Hist,  of  his  Order,  and  a  Tract 
on  Evangelical  Poverty. 

Hardie,  David.    Taxation  of  Coals,  Lon.,  1792,  Svo. 

Hardie,  Thomas.     Serms.,  Hawick,  1811. 

Hardiman,  J.  Hist,  of  the  Town  and  County  of 
Galway,  Dubl.,  1820,  4to. 

"  A  valuable  addition  to  Irish  topography." 

Hardin,  Martin  D.,  of  Kentucky.    Rep.  of  Cases 


in    Court  of   Appeals,    Kentucky,    1805-08,    Frankfort, 
1810,  8vo. 
Harding.    Farmers'  Account-Book  for  1816-17. 

Harding,  A.  An  Epitome  of  Universal  History  from 
the  Earliest  Period  to  1848,  Lon.,  1848,  Svo. 

"  Historical  charts,  and  a  copious  chronological  index  to  assist 
the  memory,  add  to  the  usefulness  of  this  epitome,  which  is 
otherwise  well  calculated  for  the  purposes  of  instruction." — Lon. 
Lit.  Gazette. 

Harding,  J.  D.,  b.  1797,  an  artist  of  London,  has 
pub.  a  number  of  valuable  works,  among  which  are  Lessons 
on  Art,  The  Guide  and  Companion  to  the  Lessons  on  Art, 
Lessons  on  Trees,  Elementary  Art,  and  the  Principles  of 
Art.  Sketches  at  Home  and  Abroad :  60  tinted  drawings, 
imp.  fol. 

"  A  treasure-house  of  delight.  Here  Northern  Italy  yields  up 
its  architectural  glories  and  its  lake-scenery,  Venice  its  palaces, 
the  Tyrol  its  romantic  valleys  and  villages,  the  Rhenish  cities 
their  picturesque  beauty,  and  France  and  England  their  greenest 
spots  of  remembrance."— ion.  AVien. 

See  Men  of  the  Time,  Lon.,  1856 ;  Westm.  Rev.,  April,1855. 

Harding,  J.  W.  Sketches  in  North  Wales,  Lon., 
1810,  fol. 

Harding,  or  Hardyng,  John,  an  old  English 
chronicler,  b.  1378,  lived  at  least  to  the  age  of  87.  He 
was  employed  in  collecting  documents  for  the  purpose  of 
ascertaining  what  fealty  was  due  from  the  Scottish  kings 
to  the  kings  of  England,  and  is  said  to  have  forged  papers 
where  he  did  not  find  what  he  looked  for :  but  it  is  pos 
sible  that  Harding  himself  was  deceived.  Certain  it  is 
that  he  acquired  a  taste  for  such  researches,  and  drew  up 
a  Metrical  Chronicle  of  England  from  the  earliest  times 
to  the  reign  of  Henry  IV.  It  was  first  printed  by  Graf- 
ton,  with  a  continuation  to  the  34th  year  of  Henry  VIII., 
by  the  same,  in  prose,  in  1543,  sm.  4to.  This  edit  is  very 
rare;  the  Roxburghe  copy  was  sold  for  £13  13s.,  which 
we  believe  to  have  been  the  highest  price  ever  paid  for  it. 
In  1812  a  new  ed.  was  pub.  in  r.  4to,  with  a  biographical 
and  literary  preface  by  Sir  Henry  Ellis.  To  this  preface, 
and  to  the  authorities  subjoined  below,  we  refer  the 
reader. 

"  This  work  is  almost  beneath  criticism,  and  fit  only  for  the  at 
tention  of  an  antiquary.  Harding  may  be  pronounced  to  be  the 
most  impotent  of  our  metrical  historians,  especially  where  we 
recollect  the  great  improvements  which  English  poetry  had  now 
received.  I  will  not  even  except  Robert  of  Gloucester,  who  lived 
in  the  infancy  of  taste  and  versification.  The  chronicle  of  this 
authentic  and  laborious  annalist  has  hardly  those  more  modest 
graces  which  could  properly  recommend  and  adorn  a  detail  of 
the  British  story  in  prose.  He  has  left  some  pieces  in  prose;  and 
Winstanley  says,  '  As  his  prose  was  very  usefull,  so  was  his  poetry, 
as  much  delightfull.'  I  am  of  opinion  that  both  his  prose  and 
poetry  are  equally  useful  and  delightful.  What  can  be  more 
frigid  and  unanimated  than  these  lines  ? 

"  Kyng  Arthure  then  in  Avalon  so  died,'  &c.  ?" 

Warton's  Hist.  ofEng.  Poet.,  ed.  1840;  ii.  330. 

Good  old  Thomas  Fuller  estimates  Harding's  poetry  at 
a  much  higher  rate : 

"  In  my  judgment,  he  had  drank  as  hearty  a  draught  of  Helicon 
as  any  in  his  age."—  Worthies  of  Yorkshire,  ed.  1840,  iii.  428. 

Mr.  Hallam  remarks  that,  whilst  Lydgate  and  Bishop 
Pecock  are  not  read  with  ease  by  the  modern  student,  the 
Paston  Letters,  Sir  John  Fortescue's  Discourse  on  Mon 
archy,  and  Harding's  Chronicle,  present  scarcely  any 
difficulty.  See  Literary  Hist,  of  Europe,  ed.  1854,  i.  311- 
312.  See  also  Brydges's  Phillips's  Theat.  Poet.  Anglic.  ; 
Bishop  Nicolson's  Eng.  Hist.  Lib. ;  Dibdin's  Typ.  Antiq. ; 
and  his  Lib.  Comp. 

Harding,  John,  late  Priest  and  Dominican  Fryar. 
A  Recantation  Serm.  on  Ps.  cxix.  71,  Lon.,  1620,  4to. 

"  Wherein  he  hath  declared  his  just  motives  which  have  moved 
him  to  leave  the  Church  of  Rome." 

Harding,  John,  D.D.,  Bishop  of  Bombay,  1851; 
formerly  Rector  of  St.  Ann's,  Blackfriars.  1.  Serm.,  Lon., 
1837,  Svo.  2.  Serm.,  1841,  12mo. 

Harding,  Nathaniel.  Serms.,  Lon.,  1714,  '15,  both 
Svo. 

Harding,  S.  and  E.  1.  Shakspeare  illustrated  by 
Portraits  and  Views,  Lon.,  1793,  Svo.  2.  Biographical 
Mirrour,  1795-1810,  3  vols.  4to,  £7  10s. 

Harding,  Samuel.  Sicily  and  Naples,  or  the  Fatall 
Union ;  a  Tragaedy,  1640,  4to. 

Harding,  Samuel.  Coats  of  Arms  of  English  No 
bility,  Lon.,  1741,  4to. 

Harding,  or  Hardinge,  Thomas,D.D.,1512-1572, 
educated  at  and  Fellow  of  New  College,  Oxford,  Hebrew 
Prof,  of  the  Univ.  in  1542,  became  a  zealous  Roman  Ca 
tholic,  and  wrote  seven  controversial  tracts  (1564-68)  in 
opposition  to  Bishop  Jewel. 

"Each  writer,  Jewel  and  Hardinge,  was  considered  as  the 
champion  of  his  party,  and  each  allowed  by  both  parties  to  dis 
play  great  ability  in  the  controversy." — CHARLES  BUTLER. 

Humphrey  thus  compares  them  : 


HAR 


HAH 


"  In  multis  pares  sunt  &  ambo  doctrinae  &  eloquentiae  gloria 
praecellentes." — Life  of  Jewel. 

See  JEWEL,  JOHN,  and  authorities  there  cited;  Bliss's 
Wood's  Athen.  Oxon. ;  Dodd's  Ch.  Hist. ;  Prince's  Wor 
thies  of  Devon ;  Strype's  Cranmer;  Tanner;  Lowndes's 
Brit.  Lib.,  1038. 

Harding,  Thomas.  Variation  of  the  Needle; 
Trans.  Irish  Acad.,  1791. 

Harding,  Rev.  Thomas.  Edit,  of  Henrie  Bul- 
linger's  Fiftie  Godlie  and  Learned  Serms.,  in  5  Decades  ; 
Parker  Society,  Camb.,  1849-51,  Ac.,  4  vols.  8vo.  See 
Strype's  Annals  of  the  Reform.;  Saxii  Onomasticon; 
Vita  a  Simlero ;  Melchior  Adam  in  vitis  Theolog. 

Hardinge,  C.  S.  Views  in  India,  Lon.,  1847,  imp. 
fol.  Pub.  £5  5*. ;  £7  7*. ;  £10  10*. 

Hardinge,  George,  1744-1816,  a  son  of  Nicholas 
Hardinge,  educated  at  Trin.  Coll.,  Camb.,  was  in  1787 
made  Senior  Justice  of  the  counties  of  Brecon,  Glamor 
gan,  and  Radmor,  and  in  1789  appointed  Attorney-Gene 
ral  to  the  Queen.  He  wrote  Letters  to  Burke  on  the 
impeachment  of  Hastings;  Chalmeriana, —  an  attack  on 
George  Chalmers's  Supp.  Apology  for  the  Believers  in  the 
Shakspeare  Papers,  1808,  8vo ;  the  Essence  of  Malone, — 
an  attack  on  Malone's  Life  of  Dryden,  1800,  8vo,  2d  ed. 
same  year;  Another  Essence  of  Malone, — an  attack  on 
Malone's  Shakspeare,  1801,  8vo;  The  Filial  Tribute; 
Three  Serms.,  by  a  Layman ;  An  Essay  on  the  Character 
of  Jonathan;  The  Russian  Chiefs,  an  Ode,  1814,  4to;  2d 
ed.,  same  year;  Memoirs  of  Dr.  Sneyd  Davies,  1817,  8vo. 
A  speech  of  his,  delivered  at  the  Bar  of  the  House  of 
Lords,  against  Fox's  East  India  Bill,  was  pub.  in  1783, 
8vo.  His  Miscellaneous  Works  in  Prose  and  Verse,  with 
the  life  of  the  author,  were  pub.  by  John  Nichols  in  1818, 
3  vols.  Svo,  q.  v. ;  see  also  Nichols's  Lit.  Anec.,  and  HAR 
DINGE,  NICHOLAS. 

Hardinge,  Rev.  H.     Remarks  on  the  12th  and  14th 

Chaps,  of  1st  Epist.  to  the  Corinth.,  Ac.,  Lon.,  1836,  8vo. 

"  This  tract  elucidates  certain  words  and  difficult  passages  in 

the  third  and  thirteenth  chapters  of  St.  Paul's  First  Epistle  to  the 

Corinthians."— dome's  Bibl.  Bib. 

Hardinge,  Nicholas,  M.P.,  1700-1758,  father  of  G. 
Hardinge,  educated  at  King's  Coll.,  Camb.,  was  chief  clerk 
of  the  H.  of  Commons,  1731-52,  and  subsequently  appointed 
joint  Secretary  of  the  Treasury.  He  was  an  excellent 
classical  scholar  and  a  learned  antiquary.  Poems,  Latin, 
Greek,  and  English,  with  an  Essay  on  Govt,  Lon.,  1818, 
Svo.  A  former  ed.  for  private  distribution  was  printed 
in  1780.  Collected  and  revised  by  George  Hardinge. 
See  Nichols's  Select  Collection  of  Poems,  1780,  8vo. 

Hardisway,  Peter,  M.D.  Med.  con.  to  Phil.  Trans., 
1723,  '27. 

Hardman,  Rev.  Ed.  Explan.  and  Prac.  Comment, 
on  the  N.  Test.,  Dubl.,  1830-32,  2  vols.  Svo.  New  ed.,  by 
Dalton,  1839,  2  vols.  Svo. 

"  They  contain  several  useful  hints  on  prophetical  passages,  pub 
lished  before  his  views  became  warped  by  Irvingism."— BICKERSTETH. 
Hard m an,  F.     Trans,  of  Prof.  Weiss's  Hist,  of  the 
French  Protestant  Refugees,  Lon.,  1854,  Svo. 

"  We  hail  the  appearance  of  M.  Weiss's  book  with  pleasure." — 
Edin.  Rev. 

Hardress,  Sir  Thomas,  Knt.  Rep.  of  Cases  in 
Excheq.,  1664-80,  and  to  21  Chas.  IL,  Lon.,  1693,  fol.;  2d 
ed.,  Dubl.,  1792,  fol. 

"  This  volume  contains  some  of  the  most  learnedly  argued  of 
the  old  Reports." — GREEN. 

See  Wallace's  Reporters,  3d  ed.,  1855,  201. 
Hardwick,  Charles,  Fellow  of  St.  Catherine's  Hall, 
and  Whitehall  Preacher.  1.  An  Hist.  Inq.  rel.  to  St. 
Catherine  of  Alexandria;  Camb.  Antiq.  Soc.  Pub.  in 
vol.  xv.  2.  Hist,  of  the  Thirty-Nine  Articles,  Camb.,  1851, 
Svo.  3.  Twenty  Serms.  for  Town  Congregations,  1853,  cr. 
Svo.  4.  Hist,  of  the  Christian  Church,  7th  cent,  to  the  Re 
formation,  1853,  p.  Svo.  Highly  commended  in  the  Brit. 
Quar.,  Nov.  1853  ;  Clerical  Jour.,  Sept.  22, 1853 ;  Chris.  Re- 
memb.,  Oct.  1853;  Nonconformist,  Nov.  30,  1853;  Notes 
and  Queries,  Oct.  8,  1853;  Spectator,  Sept  17,  1853; 
Guardian,  April  12,  1854. 

Hardwick,  Humphrey.    Serms.,  Lon.,  1644. 
Hardwick,  Wm.     Serm.,  Lon.,  1638,  4to. 
Hardwicke,  Major-General,  and  Mr.  Gray. 
Illustrations  of  Indian   Zoology,  Lon.,  2  vols.  fol.,  £21. 
See  Archaeol.,  1785 ;  Trans.  Linn.  Soc.,  1804. 
Hardwicke,  Earls  of.     See  YORKE. 
Hardy.     Duty  of  the  Customs,  1803. 
Hardy,  Miss.     Owen  Glendower;  an  Historical  Ro 
mance,  Lon.,  1849,  2  vols.  p.  Svo. 

Hardy,  Lieut.     Sporting  Adventures  in  the  New 
World,  Lon.,  1855,  2  vols.  p.  Svo. 
Hardy,  Francis.    Memoirs  of  the  Polit.  and  Private 

784 


Life  of  James  Caulfield,  Earl  of  Charlemont,  Lon.,  1810, 
4to ;  1812,  2  vols.  Svo. 

"  From  what  we  have  now  said,  the  reader  will  conclude  that 
we  think  very  favourably  of  this  book :  and  we  do  think  it  both 
entertaining  and  instructive.  But — for  there  is  always  a  but  in  a 
Reviewer's  praises — it  has  also  its  faults  and  its  imperfections ;  and 
these,  alas !  so  great  and  so  many,  that  it  requires  all  the  good-na 
ture  we  can  catch  by  sympathy  from  the  author  not  to  treat  him 
now  and  then  with  a  terrible  and  exemplary  severity." — LORD 
JEFFREY  :  Edin.  Rev.,  xix.  95-128 ;  and  in  his  Miscellanies. 

"  Not  that  these  Memoirs  of  Lord  Charlemont  form  a  complete 
History  of  Ireland  during  the  life  of  that  nobleman:  that  is  what 
they  neither  are  nor  pretend  to  be,  but  they  afford  a  very  liberal 
and  entertaining  contribution  towards  it;  they  supply  a  great 
deal  of  important  matter  which  is  not  to  be  obtained  from  any 
other  source." — EARL  DUDLEY:  Lon.  Quar.  Rev.,  vi.  124-147. 

Mr.  Hardy  contributed  a  paper  on  the  Agamemnon  of 
jEschylus  to  Trans.  Irish  Acad.,  1788. 

Hardy,  H.  H.  Analytical  Researches  in  Spirit  Mag 
netism,  Lon.,  1852,  Svo. 

Hardy,  Henry.    A  Vision  from  the  Lord,  1792,  Svo. 

Hardy,  Horatio  Charles.     Register  of  Ships  in  E. 

1.  Co.'s  Service,  1760-1811,  Lon.,  1811.     Revised  and  con 
tinued  by  his  son. 

Hardy,  J.     Memoirs  of  Lord  Nelson,  1806. 
Hardy,  James.    Arithmetic,  Lon.,  1760,  Svo. 
Hardy,  James,  M.D.     Colic,  &c.,  1788,  '90,  both  Svo. 
Hardy,  John.     1.  Voyage  to  Bermudas,  1661,  4to. 

2.  Voyage  to  Barbadoes,  1671,  Svo. 

Hardy,  John  Stockdale,  Registrar  of  the  Arch 
deaconry  Courts  of  Leicester.  1.  Hours  of  Thought,  Lon., 

1840,  fp.  Svo.     2.  Palace  of  Phantasy  and  other  Poems, 
1845,  fp.  Svo.    3.  Literary  Remains,  edited  by  John  Gough 
Nichols,  1852,  Svo. 

"A  very  pleasing  work,  which  will  suit  Conservative  politicians 
and  antiquaries,  whilst  it  affords  matter  interesting  to  the  Eccle 
siastical  Lawyer." — Lon.  Law  Magazine,  May,  1852. 

Hardy,  Jos.  Tour  in  the  Mts.  of  the  Pyrenees,  Lon., 
r.  Svo. 

Hardy,  Nathaniel,  D.D.,  1618-1670,  entered  at  Mag 
dalen  Hall,  Oxford,  1632;  became  minister  of  St.  Dionis 
Back-Church  and  Vicar  of  St.  Martin's-in-the-Fields ; 
Archdeacon  of  Lewes  and  Dean  of  Rochester,  1660. 
Serms.,  1646-66.  First  Epist.  General  of  John  unfolded 
and  applied,  1656,  4to.  A  Puritan  exposition. 

Hardy,  Philip  Dixon.  1.  Wellington;  a  Poem, 
1814,  4to.  2.  Holy  Wells  of  Ireland,  1841,  18mo.  3.  Uni- 
tarianism  Unmasked.  4.  The  Northern  Tourist.  5.  The 
Philosophy  of  Christianity;  2ded.,  1847, 12mo.  6.  Popery  in 
Ireland  in  1846-47,  Svo ;  1847.  7.  Tourist  through  Ireland, 
1858.  Mr.  Hardy's  name  is  widely  known  in  connexion  with 
the  Dublin  Penny  Journal  and  other  literary  enterprises. 

Hardy,  R.  S  pence,  Wesley  an  Missionary.  1.  The 
British  Government  and  the  Idolatry  of  Ceylon,  Lon., 

1841,  Svo.     2.  Eastern  Monachism,  Lon.,  1850,  Svo. 

"  The  volume  deserves  an  European  circulation." — Lon.  Chris 
tian  Times. 

Hardy,  Lieut.  R.  W.  H.  Travels  in  the  Interior 
of  Mexico  in  1825-28,  Lon.,  1829,  Svo.  Hardy  was  de 
puted  to  take  charge  of  a  Pearl  Fishery  in  the  Gulf  of 
California.  His  book  gives  interesting  accounts  of  Guay- 
mas,  Sonora,  and  Lower  California.  It  is  illustrated  with 
maps,  and  a  chart  of  the  junction  of  the  rivers  Gila  and 
Colorado,  Ac. 

"This  work  is  certainly  one  of  the  most  curious  and  interesting 
that  has  ever  appeared  on  the  subject  of  this  interesting  country. 
It  seems  that  the  author  travelled  far  into  the  interior,  and  ex 
plored  many  parts  never  before  visited  by  a  European."— Court 
Journal. 

"An  exceedingly  interesting  book,  abounding  in  miscellaneous 
information  and  anecdote." — United  Service  Jour. 

Hardy,  Rev.  Robert.     Nature  of  Baptism. 

Hardy,  Samuel,  1720-1793,  Rector  of  Blakenham 
Parva,  Suffolk,  pub.  some  astronom.  and  theolog.  works, 
1752-83,  among  which  are : — 1.  Principal  Prophecies  of 
the  0.  and  N.  Tests.,  Lon.,  1770,  Svo.  2.  New  Trans,  of 
St.  Paul's  Epist.  to  the  Hebrews,  1783,  Svo. 

"  The  alterations  of  the  common  translation  in  the  version  of 
the  Hebrews  are  not  very  numerous,  yet  they  are  sometimes 
rather  free.  The  notes  are  short,  and  the  doctrine  orthodox."— 
Orme's  Bibl.  Bib. 

3.  Novum  Testamentum  Graecum  Scholisis  Theologicus 
et  Philologicus,  2  vols.  Svo ;  Londini,  1768 ;  2d  ed.,  1776 ; 
3d  ed.,  1820. 

"It  was  a  very  useful  companion  to  every  biblical  student,  and 
has  gone  through  two  editions,  (the  2d  in  1776,)  the  first  of  which 
is  the  best;  but  it  must  be  acknowledged  that  the  Greek  text  in 
both  is  inexcusably  incorrect." — DR.  CLARKE. 

"The  third  edition  of  this  work  is  the  most  correct :  it  is  beauti 
fully  printed.  The  notes  are  chiefly  extracted  from  Poole's  Synop 
sis."—  Home's  Bibl.  Bib. 

"  Hardy  does  not  assign  them  [the  notes]  to  their  respective 
authors,  and  the  doctrines  which  they  contain  are  not  always  very 
correct."— Orme's  Bibl.  Bib. 


HAR 


HAR 


Hardy,  Thomas,  D.D.  The  Patriot,  with  Observ.  ; 
on  the  writings  of  T.  Paine,  2d  ed.,  Edin.,  1793,  Svo. 

Hardy,  T.  Duffus,  Assistant  Keeper  of  the  Public 
Records.  1.  A  Descrip.  of  the  Close  Rolls  in  the  Tower 
of  London,  Lon.,  1833,  Svo.  Privately  printed. 

"  This  volume  contains  Mr.  Hardy's  Introduction  prefixed  to 
the  Close  Rolls,  printed  by  order  of  his  Majesty's  Commissioners 
for  Public  Records."— Martin's  Cat.  of  Privately  Printed  Books,  2d 
ed.,  1854,  442. 

2.  A   Cat.  of  Lord- Chancellors,  Keepers  of  the  Great 
Seal,  Masters  of  the  Rolls,  and  Principal  Officers  of  the 
High  Ct.  of  Chancery,  from  the  earliest  period  to  the  pre 
sent  time,  1843,  8vo.     250  copies  printed. 

3.  Monurnenta  Historica  Britannica,  by  H.  Petrie,  J.  . 
Sharpe,  and  T.  D.  Hardy,  1849,  fol.     4.  Memoirs  of  Rt. 
Hon.  Lord  Langdale,  1852,  2  vols.  Svo.     5.  New  ed.  of  Le 
Neve's  Fasti  Ecclesiae  Anglicanae,  corrected  and  continued 
from  1715  to  the  present  time,  Oxf.,  1854,  3  vols.  Svo.     A  , 
most  valuable  work. 

Hardy,  Wm.     Time-Keepers,  1806-08. 

Hardyng,  John.     See  HARDING. 

Hare  and  Skinner.  The  Silk-Worm;  Trans.  Amer. 
Soc.,  ii.  347. 

Hare,  Mrs.  Dilapidations  of  the  Palace  at  Chichester 
impartially  stated,  Lon.,  1742,  4to. 

Hare,  Augustus  J.  C.  Epitaphs  for  Country  Church 
yards,  Lon.,  1856. 

"We  commend  Mr.  Hare's  little  book  very  willingly — especially 
to  the  country  clergy." — Lon.  Athenceum,  May  3,  1856. 

Hare,  Augustus  William,  late  Fellow  of  New  Col 
lege,  and  Rector  of  Alton-Barnes  since  1829,  d.  at  Rome 
in  1834,  aged  40.  Serms.  to  a  Country  Congregation,  Lon., 
1837,  2  vols.  Svo;  7th  ed.,  1851,  2  vols.  12mo. 

"  Very  striking  and  useful." — Bickersteth's  Cfiris.  Stu. 

"  They  are,  in  truth,  as  it  appears  to  us,  on  the  whole,  composi 
tions  of  very  rare  merit  in  their  kind."— ion.  Quar.  Kev.,  lix.  33-48. 

"All  may  read  them  with  profit;  but  to  clergymen,  if  studied 
with  discretion,  they  may  prove  serviceable  in  no  common  degree." 
—Lon.  Chris.  Observer. 

"  These  volumes  present  us  with  the  workings  of  a  pious  and 
highly-gifted  mind." — British  Mug. 

"  Of  recent  writers  there  is  none  with  whom  we  are  acquainted 
who,  in  point  of  diction,  so  well  deserves  to  be  a  model,  as  the  late  ' 
Augustus  William  Hare."— Edin.  Jtev.,  Ixxii.  66-98. 

Mr.  Hare  was  one  of  the  authors  of  Guesses  at  Truth  by 
Two  Brothers :  see  HARE,  JULIUS  CHARLES. 

Hare,  Rev.  Edward  Wesley.  1.  Treat,  on  Justi 
fication,  2d  ed.,  with  a  Pref.  by  Thos.  Jackson,  Lon.,  1839, 
12mo.  Highly  esteemed  by  the  Wesleyan  Methodists. 
2.  Preservative  against  the  Errors  of  Socinianism,  Svo. 
Written  in  reply  to  Mr.  Grundy  of  Manchester. 

"  The  author  [Hare]  was  an  acute  reasoner,  and  very  familiar 
with  the  holy  scriptures."— Dr.  E.  Williams^  C.P. 

Hare,  Francis,  D.D.,  d.  1740,  a  native  of  London, 
admitted  of  King's  Coll.,  Camb.,  where  he  subsequently 
became  tutor,  1688;  Dean  of  Worcester,  1708;  Dean  of 
St.  Paul's,  1726;  Bishop  of  St.  Asaph,  1727;  trans,  to  Chi 
chester,  1731.  To  Dr.  Hare  as  a  classical  critic  and  as  a 
theologian  we  have  already  had  occasion  to  allude  in  our 
lives  of  RICHARD  BENTLEY,  seep.  171;  ANTHONY  COLLINS, 
see  p.  412;  and  THOMAS  EDWARDS,  see  p.  548.  We  may 
readily  believe  that 

"  Hare  was  excessively  piqued  at  the  utter  annihilation  of  his 
Terence  and  Phsedrus,  the  one  soon  after  its  birth,  the  other  before 
its  birth,  by  Bentley's  edition  of  both  together  in  1726,  who  never 
once  names  Hare."  , 

For  further  information  respecting  this  learned  critic 
— for  such  he  certainly  was,  though  no  Bentley — consult 
authorities  referred  to  below.  He  took  a  lively  interest  in 
the  Bangorian  Controversy,  and  pub.  a  number  of  pieces 
against  Hoadly,  which  were  included  in  the  collective  ed. 
of  his  Works,  1746,  4  vols.  Svo.  Again,  1755,  4  vols.  Svo. 
TLe  following  works  of  his  deserve  a  special  notice: 

1.  Difficulties   and  Discouragements  which  attend  the 
Study  of  the  Scriptures  in  the  Way  of  Private  Judgment, 
1714,  '35,  '45,  Svo. 

"  With  all  the  merit  of  this  beautiful  satire,  I  believe  that  had 
the  author  foreseen  that  the  liberty  which  animates  this  fine-turned 
piece  of  raillery  would  have  given  scandal  to  any  good  man,  he 
would  have  made  abatement  in  the  vigour  of  his  wit  and  argu 
ments." — BP.  WABBURTON. 

2.  Psalmorum  Liber  in  Versiculas  Metrice"  divisus,  etc., 
1736,  2  vols.  Svo. 

"  This  work  does  more  honour  to  the  genius  and  industry  of  the 
author  than  to  his  judgment.  That  the  Psalms  are  poetical  is  very 
obvious;  but  that  they  are  constructed  on  similar  principles  with 
Greek  and  Latin  verse  the  learned  bishop  has  failed  to  prove.  The 
true  pronunciation  of  Hebrew  is  irrecoverably  lost,  and  the  dis 
cussions  of  Meibomius,  Gomarus,  and  L«  Clerc,  have  thrown  little 
light  on  it.  The  hypothesis  of  Hare  met  with  an  able  antagonist 
in  Bishop  Lowth,  and  a  defender  in  Dr.  Edwards."—  Orme'sBtbl. 
Bib. 

Mr.  Orme  refers  to  Bishop  Lowth's  Metricae  Hareanaa 
brevis  Confutatio,  annexed  to  his  Lectures,  De  Sacra  Poesi 
60 


Hebraeorum.  The  Edwards  whom  he  names  is  Thomas 
Edwards,  in  whose  life  we  have  already  referred  to  thia 
controversy.  See  Whiston's  Life;  Swift's  Works ;  Cole's 
MS.  Athenae  in  Brit.  Mus. ;  Gent.  Mag. ;  Blackwood's  Mag., 
xxviii.  653. 

Hare,  Henry,  Lord  Coleraine.  A  Scale  of  Devotions, 
musical  and  gradual;  or,  Descants  on  the  15  Psalms  of 
Degrees,  Lon.,  1681,  fol. 

Hare,  Henry »  Lord  Coleraine,  1693-1749,  a  profound 
scholar  and  learned  antiquary,  pub.  a  poem  in  the  Acade- 
miae  Oxoniensis  Comitia  Philologica,  1713,  and  in  the 
Musae'Anglicana,  iii.  403,  under  the  title  of  Musarum  ob- 
latio  ad  Reginam. 

Hare,  Hugh.  1.  A  Charge  at  Sessions.  2.  The  Con 
spiracy  of  Fieschi,  trans,  from  the  Italian  of  Maseardi, 
Lon.,  1693,  8vo. 

Hare,  J.  I.  Clark,  and  Wallace,  Horace  Bin- 
ney.  1.  American  Leading  Cases  in  Law,  Phila.,  2  vols. 
Svo,  1847;  3d  ed.,  1852.  2.  Smith's  (J.  W.)  Leading  Cases 
in  Law,  4th  Amer.  from  the  3d  Lon.  ed.,  with  addits.,  1852, 
2  vols.  8vo.  3.  White  (F.  T.)  and  Tudor's  (0.  D.)  Leading 
Cases  in  Equity,  with  addits.,  2d  Amer.  ed.,  1852,  3  vols. 
8vo.  4.  The  New  English  Exchequer  Reports,  35  vols. 
pub.  to  1855. 

"I  scarcely  know  of  any  volumes  which  I  deem  of  more  im 
portance  or  value  for  a  professional  library." — JOSEPH  STORT. 

See  WALLACE,  HORACE  BINNEY. 

Hare,  James,  d.  1808.     Serms.,  Ac.,  1797-1809. 

Hare,  John.  St.  John's  Ghost;  or,  Anti-Normanisme, 
Lon.,  1647,  4to.  Reprinted  in  the  Harleian  Miscellany. 

Hare,  Julius  Charles,  Rector  of  Hurstmonceaux, 
Archdeacon  of  Lewis,  a  Canon  of  Chichester,  Chaplain  to 
the  Queen,  and  late  Fellow  of  Trinity  Coll.,  Camb.,  d.  1855, 
aged  59.  This  learned  gentleman  pub.  The  Mission  of  the 
Comforter,  The  Victory  of  Faith,  and  other  sermons,  a 
number  of  theological  and  other  works.  He  is  best  known 
to  general  readers  as  one  of  the  authors — in  conjunction 
with  his  brother,  Augustus  William  Hare,  and  others — of 
Guesses  at  Truth,  and  as  joint  translator  with  Bishop 
Thirlwall  of  vols.  i.  and  ii.  of  Niebuhr's  History  of  Rome. 

The  1st  ed.  of  Guesses  at  Truth  appeared  in  1827,  and 
the  3d  in  1847:  Series  Second,  2d  ed.,  1848.  Thirlwall 
and  Hare's  trans,  from  Niebuhr  was  first  pub.  in  1828-32, 
2  vols.  8vo.  A  new  ed.  was  issued  in  1855.  In  1848  Mr. 
Hare  edited  the  Essays  and  Tales  of  John  Sterling,  with 
a  Memoir  of  his  Life,  in  2  vols.  12mo.  Mr.  Carlyle  evinced 
but  little  satisfaction  with  the  labours  of  the  editor.  For 
further  information  respecting  Archdeacon  Hare  and  his 
literary  labours,  see  Lon.  Gent.  Mag.,  April,  1855,  424- 
425  ;  Sir  Wm.  Hamilton's  Discussions  ;  Hallam's  Literary 
Hist,  of  Europe,  4th  ed.,  i.  298-301,  n. ;  Madden's  Life  of 
the  Countess  of  Blessington;  Edin.  Rev.,  Jan.  1833;  Lon. 
Quar.  Rev.,  July,  1855;  Eclec.  Rev.,  4th  Ser.,  xxv.  657; 
Blackw.  Mag.,  xlii.  92 ;  xliii.  287-288 ;  Longman's  Notes 
on  Books,  Aug.  and  Nov.  1855. 

Hare,  Robert,  M.D.,  1781-1858,  an  eminent  chemist, 
Emeritus  Prof,  of  Chemistry  in  the  University  of  Penn 
sylvania.  He  distinguished  himself  by  a  number  of 
important  scientific  discoveries,  among  which  the  agency 
of  the  compound  hydro-oxygen  in  obtaining  a  greater 
amount  of  heat  than  had  ever  before  been  developed  is 
perhaps  the  best  known.  This  discovery  was  made  by  Dr. 
Hare  when  he  was  but  about  twenty-one  years  of  age.  In 
1810  he  pub.  a  pamphlet  entitled  Brief  View  of  the  Policy 
and  Resources  of  the  United  States,  and  he  is  the  author 
of  more  than  one  hundred  and  fifty  papers  contributed  to 
various  periodicals.  His  last  publication  was  Spiritualism 
Scientifically  Demonstrated,  N.  York,  1855,  8vo. 

Hare,  Samuel.  1.  Practical  Observations  on  Curva 
tures  of  the  Spine,  3d  ed.,  Lon.,  1849,  8vo. 

"  We  therefore  unhesitatingly  commend  his  work  as  a  truthful 
and  trustworthy  statement  of  the  power  of  scientific  Surgery  and 
Medicine  over  some  of  the  most  grievous  hindrances  to  human 
activity  and  industry." — Lon.  Medical  Gazette. 

2.  Physical  Education  of  Children,  1852,  Svo. 

Hare,  Thomas.    Serms.,  1747-48. 

Hare,  Thomas.     Con.  to  Trans.  Hort.  Soc.,  1817. 

Hare,  Thomas.  1.  Discovery  of  Evidence,  Lon., 
1836,  8vo;  N.  York,  1836,  Svo.  2.  Rep.  in  Chancery, 
1841-52,  8  vols.  Svo.  3.  In  conjunction  with  H.  J.  Nicholl 
and  J.  M.  Carrow,  Cases  rel.  to  Railways  and  Canals  in 
Law  and  Equity,  1835-52,  6  vols.  Svo. 

Harewood,  Harry.     Diet,  of  Sports,  Lon.,  12mo. 

Harflete,  Henry.  1.  A  Banquet  of  Essayes,  <fcc.,  Lon., 
1653,  sm.  Svo.  2.Vox  Coelorum ;  Predictions  Defended,  Svo. 

Harford,  Charles  Joseph.  Antiquities  found  in 
Somersetshire:  Archaeol.,  1803. 

Harford,  John  S.  The  Life  of  Thomas  Burgess. 

785 


HAR 


HAR 


D.D.,  late  Lord-Bishop  of  Salisbury,  2d  ed.,  Lon.,  1841, 
fp.  8vo. 

"One  of  the  most  pleasing,  as  well  as  instructive,  volumes  of 
Christian  and  ecclesiastical  biography  which  of  late  years  has 
issued  from  the  press.  The  Christian  reader  will  peruse  it  with 
delight  and  gratitude;  and  ecclesiastics  of  every  rank  may  read  it 
for  their  guidance  and  instruction." — Lon.  Quar.  Rev. 

"  Written  in  the  clear,  simple,  and  unaffected  style  which  be 
comes  biography ;  and  is  interesting  at  once  from  its  subject,  and 
from  the  various  letters  and  anecdotes  it  contains  of  literary  and 
ecclesiastical  contemporaries." — British  Critic. 

"  A  very  interesting  memoir." — British  Mag. 

See  BURGESS,  THOMAS,  D.D.  „ 

Harford,  Raph.  A  Gospel  Engine ;  or,  Streams  of 
Love  and  Pity  to  quench  and  prevent  new  flames  in  Eng 
land,  Lon.,  1649,  fol. 

Hargrave,  A.    Collegiate  Physicians,  Lon.,  1676, 4to. 

Hargrave,  Ely.     See  HARGROVE. 

Hargrave,  Francis,  1741-1821,  an  eminent  law- 
writer,  educated  at  the  Univ.  of  Oxford,  has  been  already 
noticed  in  our  lives  of  CHARLES  BUTLER,  SIR  EDWARD  COKE, 
and  SIR  MATTHEW  HALE.  He  removed  to  Lincoln's  Inn  in 
1764,  and  in  1772  distinguished  himself  in  the  Habeas 
Corpus  of  James  Somersett,  a  negro  for  whom  he  was 
counsel.  In  addition  to  his  labours  upon  Coke  on  Little 
ton,  his  ed.  of  Hale's  Jurisdiction  of  the  Lords'  House  of 
Parliament,  and  the  published  report  of  the  case  of  So 
mersett,  his  best-known  works  are — 1.  An  Argument  in  De 
fence  of  Literary  Property,  1774,  cr.  8vo.  2.  Collec.  of 
State  Trials,  1776,  11  vols.  fol.;  usually  bound  in  6. 
Howell's  State  Trials  is  the  best  collection:  see  the  article 
State  Trials  in  Marvin's  Leg.  Bibl.,  660-661,  and  authori 
ties  there  cited;  and  see  HOWELL,  T.  B.,  in  this  Dictionary. 
3.  A  Collection  of  Tracts  rel.  to  the  Law  of  England,  from 
MSS.  never  before  pub.,  1787,  4to.  See  3  Kent,  426 ;  4 
Barn.  &  Cres.,  505;  15  East,  304;  5  Barn.  &  Aid.,  285; 
Hoff.  Leg.  Stu.,  186;  Brooke's  Bib.  Leg.  Aug.,  241;  80 
Lon.  Month.  Rev.,  484.  4.  Collectanea  Juridica;  con 
sisting  of  Tracts  rel.  to  the  Law  and  Constitution  of  Eng 
land,  Titles  of  Honour,  and  Constitutional  Subjects,  1791- 
92,  2  vols.  8vo.  5.  Judicial  Arguments  and  .Collections, 
1797-99,  2  vols.  4to.  6.  Juris  Consult  Excercitations; 
consisting  of  Tracts  upon  the  Laws  of  England,  TUles  of 
Honour,  and  Constitutional  Subjects,  1811-13,  3  vols.  4to. 
Mr.  Hargrave  was  possessed  of  a  vast  fund  of  legal  eru 
dition. 

"  His  legal  power,  and  the  extent  of  his  knowledge,  have  rarely 
been  equalled,  and  perhaps  never  surpassed." 

"  Mr.  Hargrave,  a  gentleman  of  great  and  profound  learning, 
than  whom  no  man  that  ever  lived  was  more  conversant  with  the 
law  of  the  country."— Speech  of  Lord  Lyndhurst  on  Life-Peerage 
in  England,  delivered  in  the  House  of  Lords,  Feb.  7,  1856. 

Mr.  Hargrave's  valuable  Law  Library  was  purchased  by 
Government  in  1813  for  £8000,  and  was  deposited  in  the 
British  Museum. 

Hargrave,  J.  F.    Thelluson  Act,  Lon.,  1842,  8vo. 

"Mr.  Hargrave  has  treated  his  very  difficult  subject  with  much 
learning  and  acuteness." — 6  Jurist,  426. 

Hargraves,  Edmund  Hammond,  the  Discoverer 
of  the  Gold-Fields  in  Australia.  Australia  and  its  Gold- 
Fields,  Lon.,  1855,  p.  8vo.  See  Men  of  the  Time,  Lon., 
1S56. 

Hargraves,  James.     Serms.,  ]  723,  '24,  both  4to. 

Hargreaves,  James.    Family  Religion,  1811. 

Hargreaves,  James.  Theolog.  Essays,  Ac.,  Lon., 
8vo. 

Hargreaves,  Robert.     Serms.,  1745,  '46,  both  8vo. 

Hargreaves,  Thomas.  Colours  for  the  Artist, 
Phil.  Mag.,  1814. 

Hargrove,  Ely.  1.  Hist,  of  Knaresborough,  Ac., 
1769,  12mo;  6th  ed.,  1809,  12mo.  2.  Anecdotes  of 
Archery,1792,12mo.  3.  Yorkshire  Gazetteer,  1806,  sm  8vo 

Hargrove,  George,  or  Hargroves,  W.  Surgeon, 
islands  of  Walcheren  and  South  Beveland,  Lon.,  1812,  4to. 

Hargrove,  W.  Hist,  and  Descrip.  of  the  City  of 
York.  York,  1818,  3  vols.  r.  8vo. 

n  ?aJ"}?!L0n'uE'  S->  Preb"  and    Chancellor  of  the 

«  *?«R  ?0u7«h«f  Exeter-   l-  Notes  on  the  Church  °f 

Phnr  h  7sil2'^dLn''  1843'  8V°-  2"  Consecration  of 
Churches,  1844  '47,  8vo.  3.  Succession  of  Bishops  in  the 
Ch  of  Eng.  unbroken,  1846,  '52,  8vo.  4.  Serms.  on  Apos 
tolical  Succession,  1847,  8vo.  5.  Reformers  of  Ang.  Ch., 
and  Macaulay's  England,  8vo.  6.  Reconsecration,  Ac  of 
the  Churches,  1850,  8vo  7.  The  Bull  of  Pius  IX'.,  1850 
8vo.  8.  Letter,  Ac.  of  the  LV.  Canon  in  1851,  8vo.  9  A 
Few  Words  in  Answer  to  the  Rev.  W.  Goode's  Reply  to 
Archdeacon  Churton  and  Chancellor  Harington  on  the 
LV  Canon,  etc.,  1852,  8vo.  10.  Serin.,  Acts  xxiv.  4, 
1852,  8vo. 
Harington,  Henry,  M.D.  See  HARRINGTON. 


Harington,  Rev.  Henry.     See  HARRINGTON. 

Harington,  John  Herbert.     See  HARRINGTON. 

Hariot,  Thomas.     See  HARRIOT. 

Harkey,  S.  W.,  Lutheran  Pastor,  Frederick,  Md. 
1  Address  before  Phrenakosmian  Society  of  Pennsylvania 
College,  Gettysburg,  1837.  2.  Lutheran  Sunday-School 
Question-Book,  Fredericktown,  1838.  3.  The  Visitor, 
editor,  Frederick,  1840.  4.  Translation  of  Starke's  Prayer- 
Book.  5.  The  Church's  Best  State.  6.  Sermon  on  the 
Death  of  Gen.  Harrison.  7.  Sermon  on  National  Thanks 
giving.  8.  Prisons  for  Women. 

Harkness,  Albert.  1.  Arnold's  First  Latin  Book, 
N.  York,  12mo.  2.  Second  Latin  Book,  1853, 12mo.  These 
manuals  have  been  highly  commended  by  distinguished 
professors  in  a  number  of  colleges. 

Harkness,  J.     Con.  to  Med.  Chir.  Trans.,  1811. 

Harkness,  Rev.  J.  Messiah's  Throne  and  King 
dom,  N.  York,  1853, 12mo. 

Harlan,  J.,  of  Philadelphia.  Memoir  of  India  and 
Affghanistan,  Phila.,  1842,  12mo.  See  Lon.  Athenaeum, 
1842,  779-781. 

Harlan,  Richard,  M.D.,  of  Philadelphia.  I.  Fauna 
Americana,  Phila.,  1825,  8vo.  2.  Medical  and  Physical 
Researches,  1835,  8vo.  Various  medical  and  other  essays. 

Harland,  Marion.  See  HAWES,  Miss  MARY  VIR 
GINIA. 

Harle,  Jonathan,  M.D.  An  Hist.  Essay  on  the 
State  of  Physic  in  the  0.  and  N.  Test,  and  the  Apocry 
phal  Interval,  Lon.,  1729,  8vo. 

Harley.    Justification  of  the  H.  of  Com.,  1701,  fol. 

Harley,  Sir  Edward.  An  Essay  towards  the  Set 
tlement  of  Peace  and  Truth  in  the  Church,  Lon.,  1681, 
4to.  We  presume  this  work  to  be  the  production  of  the 
elder  Edward  Harley,  father  of  Robert,  Earl  of  Oxford, 
and  of  the  succeeding. 

Harley,  Hon.  Edward,  brother  to  Robert,  Earl  of 
Oxford.  1.  An  Essay  for  composing  a  Harmony  between 
the  Psalms  and  other  Parts  of  the  Scripture,  <fec.,  Lon., 
1724,  r.  4to;  1732,  8vo.  Anon. 

"  This  is  a  book  of  piety  rather  than  of  learning." — Orme's  Bibl. 
Bib. 

2.  Harmony  of  the  Four  Gospels,  1733,  8vo.     Anon. 

"  Both  works  are  creditable  to  the  author's  acquaintance  with 
the  Scriptures." — ORME  :  ubi  supra. 

The  two  were  pub.  with  Harley's  Abstract  of  the  His 
torical  Part  of  the  0.  Test.,  &c.,  and  Observ.  thereupon, 
by  the  Bishop  of  Sodor  and  Man,  in  1735,  2  vols.  8vo. 
Vol.  ii.  includes  the  two  works  first  noticed. 

Harley,  George.  Circumstances  respecting  the  late 
Charles  Montford,  Esq.,  1804,  8vo. 

Harley,  George  Davies,  a  comedian,  pub.  a  num 
ber  of  Poems,  <fcc.,  1787-1806. 

Harley,  Robert,  Earl  of  Oxford  and  Mortimer, 
1661-1724,  eldest  son  of  Sir  Edward  Harley,  and  a  dis 
tinguished  statesman,  was  an  eminent  patron  of  letters 
and  a  great  collector  of  literary  treasures.  His  library 
was  perhaps  the  most  extensive  ever  collected  by  a  private 
individual,  with  the  exception  of  that  of  Richard  Heber. 
The  Harleian  Collection  of  MSS.  was  purchased  by  the 
government  for  £10,000,  and  is  now  deposited  in  the  British 
Museum.  An  Index  to  the  Harleian  Collection  of  MSS. 
was  pub.  in  1759-63,  2  vols.  fol.  But  a  very  complete 
one,  compiled  by  Messrs.  Wanley,  Casley,  Hocker,  Nares, 
Shaw,  and  Douce,  was  pub.  in  1808,  3  vols.  fol.  Another 
vol. — being  Indices  of  Persons,  Places,  and  Matters,  by 
the  Rev.  Dr.  T.  Hartwell  Home — was  pub.  in  1808,  foL 
This  catalogue  was  formerly  sold  at  £8  8s.  It  is  now 
(1856)  worth  £2  2«.  Every  historical  and  legal  student 
should  have  it  in  his  library. 

"  This  Catalogue  is  a  key  to  inexhaustible  sources  of  informa 
tion  on  almost  every  subject;  but  to  those  who  are  interested  in 
historical,  antiquarian,  or  biographical  literature,  it  is  indispens 
able,  and,  as  well  as  the  Cottonian  and  Lansdowne  Catalogues, 
will  well  repay  an  attentive  perusal;  for  so  infinite  is  the  variety 
of  the  subjects  which  occur,  that  the  general  Indexes  furnish  but 
an  imperfect  idea  of  the  contents  of  these  matchless  collections." 
— SIR  N.  HARRIS  NICOLAS:  see  a  Descrip.  of  the  Contents,  <fec.  of 
the  various  Works  printed  by  Authority  of  the  Record  Commis 
sion,  Lon.,  1831,  8vo. 

The  Printed  Books  of  the  Harleian  Library  were  pur 
chased  by  Thomas  Osborne,  the  bookseller.  He  gave  only 
£13,000  for  the  collection  ;  although  Lord  Oxford  had  ex 
pended  £18,000  on  the  binding  only  of  the  least  part  of 
them  !  Osborne  employed  Dr.  Johnson,  Oldys,  and  Mattaire, 
to  prepare  a  catalogue  of  this  noble  collection.  It  appeared 
in  1743-45,  5  vols.  8vo,  under  the  title  of  Catalogus  Biblio- 
thecse  Harleianae  in  Locos  Communes  distributus,  cum 
Indice  Auctorum.  The  Latin  dedication  to  Lord  Cartaret 
was  written  by  Mattaire ;  vols.  i.  and  ii.,  in  Latin,  were 


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written  by  Dr.  Johnson ;  vols.  iii.  and  iv.,  which  are  a 
repetition  in  English  of  the  two  former,  were  prepared 
by  Oldys.  Vol.  v.  does  not  properly  belong  to  the  other 
four,  as  it  is  simply  an  enumeration  of  Osborne's  old 
stock.  The  Preface,  which  was  originally  issued  as  a 
Prospectus  to  the  work,  was  written  by  Johnson : 

"His  account  of  that  celebrated  collection  of  books,  in  which 
he  displays  the  importance  to  literature  of  what  the  French  call  a 
catalogue  raisonnee,  when  the  subjects  of  it  are  extensive  and 
various,  and  it  is  executed  with  ability,  cannot  fail  to  impress  all 
his  readers  with  admiration  of  his  philological  attainments."— 
BOSWF.LL  :  Life  of  Dr.  Johnson. 

<;  In  iny  humble  apprehension,  the  preface  is  unworthy  of  the 
doctor :  it  contains  a  few  general  philological  reflections,  expressed 
in  a  style  sufficiently  stately,  but  is  divested  of  bibliographical 
anecdote  and  interesting  intelligence."— DR.  DIBDIN  :  Bibliomania  ; 
q.  v.  for  an  interesting  analysis  of  the  Harleian  Library. 

Having  thus  disposed  of  the  MS.  and  Printed  Books, 
we  at  length  reach  the  pamphlets  of  the  library;  and  here 
we  are  at  once  overwhelmed  with  the  amplitude  of  the 
field,  for  Gough  assures  us  that  the  number  was  computed 
to  be  400,000 !  See  Brit.  Topog.,  v.  i.  669.  From  this 
vast  treasury  the  indefatigable  Oldys  extracted  between 
600  and  700,  which  were  pub.  in  8  vols.  4to,  1744-46.  A 
new  ed.  was  pub.  by  Malham  in  1808-11,  12  vols.  8vo, 
£8  8s.;  r.  8vo,  £14  8*.  Another  ed.,  by  Thomas  Park, 
was  issued  in  1808-13,  10  vols.  r.  4to,  2  vols.  being  com 
posed  of  additional  matter,  £33  12*.  A  Selection  from 
the  Harleian  Miscellany  of  Tracts  which  principally  re 
gard  English  History,  of  which  many  are  referred  to  by 
Hume,  was  pub.  in  1793,  4to.  The  value  of  this  work  is 
not  to  be  measured  by  money  nor  expressed  by  words.  It 
should  .always  accompany  The  Somers  Collection,  Howell's 
State  Trials',  Harrington's  Nugse  Antiquse,  Evelyn's  and 
Pepys's  Diaries,  and  the  standard  histories  of  England. 

"  To  the  importance  of  this  collection  of  Tracts  and  Papers  for 
elucidating  many  historical  occurrences  no  person  who  feels  inte 
rested  in  the  discovery  of  truth  can  be  inattentive." — EDITOR. 

"  I  hardly  know  of  any  one  collection,  or  set  of  volumes,  likely 
to  be  productive  of  more  varied  entertainment,  especially  if  the 
reader  have  a  philological  turn." — Dibdirfs  Lib.  Comp. 

A  Collection  of  Voyages  and  Travels,  compiled  from 
the  curious  and  valuable  Library  of  the  Earl  of  Oxford, 
was  pub.  by  Thomas  Osborne  in  1745,  2  vols.  fol.  This  is 
called  the  Harleian  Collection  of  Voyages.  See  CHURCHILL, 
OWNSHAM  and  JOHN.  A  Catalogue  of  his  Lordship's  Pic 
tures,  Coins,  and  Medals,  was  pub.  in  1741,  4to.  But,  in 
our  admiration  of  the  Earl's  literary  treasures,  we  must 
not  forget  the  only  thing  which  enables  us  to  introduce  an 
account  of  his  library,  viz. :  that  he  was  himself  an  author. 
To  him  are  ascribed  (1.)  A  Scriptural  and  Rational  Ac 
count  of  the  Christian  Religion,  Lon.,  1695,  8vo.  2.  An 
Essay  on  Public  Credit,  1710.  Inserted  in  the  Somers 
Collection.  Reprinted,  with  short  Hist.  Notes,  1797,  Svo. 
3.  An  Essay  upon  Loans.  4.  A  Vindic.  of  the  Rights  of 
the  Commons  of  Eng. ;  signed  Humphry  Mackworth. 
5.  Answer  to  Articles  against  him,  1715.  6.  The  Secret 
Hist,  of  Arlus  and  Adolphus,  1720,  Svo.  An  Account  of 
the  conduct  of  Robert,  Earl  of  Oxford,  1715,  Svo,  is  sup 
posed  by  Park  to  be  the  composition  of  his  lordship,  on 
account  of  the  favourable  representation  given  of  his  cha 
racter.  But  this  is  but  doubtful  evidence.  For  further 
particulars  respecting  the  Earl  of  Oxford  see  Collins's 
Peerage,  by  Sir  S.  E.  Brydges ;  Park's  Walpole's  R,  and 
N.  Authors ;  Swift's  Works ;  Spence's  Anecdotes ;  Dibdin's 
Bibliomania,  and  his  Bibl.  Decam. ;  Coxe's  Life  of  Wai- 
pole;  histories  of  England; — especially  note  Macaulay's 
Hist,  of  England,  vol.  iv. 

Harley,  Wm.,  d.  1830.  The  Harleian  Dairy  Sys 
tem,  &c.,  Lon.,  1829,  8vo.  See  Donaldson's  Agricult.  Biog. 

Harlowe,  Pedsell.  Detection  of  R.  Breerly's  Fraud 
in  a  Book  entit.  The  Judgment  of  the  Apostles,  Lon., 
1641,  4to. 

Harlwick,  Wm.  Hist,  of  the  Third  Session  of  the 
Present  Parl.,  <fcc.,  Lon.,  1717,  Svo. 

Harm,  J.     Infant  Baptism,  1808. 

Harman,  Ephraim,  (perhaps  a  fictitious  name.)  A 
Lett,  to  T.  Randolph's  Party  Zeal  Censured,  1752,  Svo. 

Harman,  Isaac.     Theolog.  treatises,  Lon.,  1768,  '73. 

Harman,  John,  wrote  two  books  against  the  Rev. 
Geo.  Whitefield,  1761,  '64,  and  a  treatise  on  Comets,  1769. 

Harman,  Paul.     Materia  Medica. 

Harman,  Thomas,  a  magistrate  temp.  Elizabeth. 
1.  A  Cauet  for  commen  Cvrestors,  vulgarely  called  Vaga- 
bones,  newly  augmented  and  imprinted,  1567,  London,  by 
Wylliam  Grymth,  4to.  Very  rare,  and  has  been  sold  for 
£16.  Another  ed.,  London,  by  Henry  Middleton,  1573, 
4to.  Reprint  from  this  last  ed.,  1814,  4to;  100  copies 
struck  off, 


"  The  illustration  of  the  manners  and  customs  of  a  country,  and 
particularly  those  of  our  own,  is  always  interesting.  In  this  point 
of  view  it  is  hoped  that  the  present  reprint  will  prove  acceptable 
as  descriptive  of  a  class  of  society  during  the  reign  of  Queen  Eliza 
beth." — Advertisement. 

This  book  is  supposed  to  contain  the  earliest  account 
of  the  "  Canting  Crew."  2.  The  Fraternityof  Vagabones, 
Per  Anonymum,  1575. 

Harmand,  T.  Dictionary  of  French  Homonymos, 
Glasg.,  1817,  12mo. 

Harmar,  John,  Warden  of  Winchester,  d.  1613,  was 
employed  on  the  trans,  of  the  Bible,  and  pub.  some  of 
Chrysostom's  Homilies  from  MSS.  in  the  Library  of  New 
College,  Oxford,  and  trans,  of  serms.  of  Calvin  and  Beza. 
See  authorities  cited  in  next  article,  and  see  Watt's  Bibl. 
Brit. 

Harmar,  John,  1594P-1670,  son  of  the  preceding, 
and  a  schoolmaster  and  divine,  pub.  Praxis  Grammatica, 
1622 ;  Janua  Linguaruin,  1626 ;  Protomartyr  Britannus, 
1627;  Lexicon  Etymologicon  Graecum,  1637;  several  ora 
tions,  &c. ;  and  translations  from  the  Greek  and  Latin. 

"He  was  a  most  excellent  philologist,  and  a  tolerable  Latin 
poet;  was  happy  in  rend'ring  Greek  into  Latin,  or  Latin  into 
English,  or  English  into  Greek  or  Latin,  whether  in  prose  or 
verse;  which  we  now  call  transversing  and  transposing." — Athen. 
Oxon. 

"  He  was  an  honest,  weak  man." — NBAL. 

See  Wood's  Athen.  Oxon.,  and  his  Annals  and  Life; 
Neal  and  Calamy;  Biog.  Brit.,  in  art.  Butler. 

Harmer,  Anthony.  Under  this  fictitious  name  the 
Rev.  Henry  Wharton  pub.  his  Specimen  of  some  Errors 
and  Defects  in  Bishop  Burnet's  Hist,  of  the  Reformation, 
Lon.,  1693,  Svo.  See  WHARTON,  HENRY. 

Harmer,  James.  Documents,  etc.  rel.  to  the  trial 
of  Holloway  and  Hagerty,  1807,  Svo. 

Harmer,  T.     Fishes;  Phil.  Trans.,  1707. 

Harmer,  Rev.  Thomas,  1715-1788,  a  learned  Dis 
senting  divine,  a  native  of  Norwi9h,  England,  became 
minister  of  a  congregation  at  Wattesfield,  Suffolk.  1.  Ob 
servations  on  various  Passages  of  Scripture;  placing  them 
in  a  light  altogether  new,  from  Relations  in  Books  of 
Voyages  and  Travels,  Lon.,  1764,  Svo.  Enlarged  ed., 
1776,  2  vols.  Svo.  Two  addit.  vols.,  8vo,  1787 ;  4th  ed., 
with  addits.  by  Adam  Clarke,  LL.D.;  5th  and  best  ed.,  by 
A.  Clarke,  with  Life,  1816,  4  vols.  Svo.  Bishop  Lowth, 
on  the  pub.  of  the  first  two  vols.,  was  so  pleased  with  this 
work,  that  he  lent  to  the  author  the  unpub.  MSS.  of  the 
celebrated  Cbardin,  from  which  Harmer  obtained  much 
new  matter.  This  work  should  be  in  the  library  of  every 
Biblical  student  and  Oriental  antiquary.  A  trans,  of  the 
1st  ed.  was  made  into  German  by  John  Ernest  Faber,  and 
pub.,  with  notes  and  addits.  of  his  own  and  of  Prof.  Sey- 
bold,  in  1772  and  '75,  2  vols.  8vo.  A  third  vol.  appeared 
in  German  in  1776. 

"This  fact  shows  the  estimation  of  the  work  abroad,  which  all 
classes  at  home  have  agreed  to  commend." — Orme's  Bibl.  Bib. 

"  The  design  of  this  work  is  very  useful,  and  it  has  been  exe 
cuted  with  great  ability." — BISHOP  WATSON. 

"In  which  he  has  cast  much  light  on  many  difficult  texts  that 
relate  to  the  customs  and  manners,  religious  and  civil,  of  the 
Asiatic  nations,  by  quotations'  from  the  works  of  ancient  and  mo 
dern  travellers  in  different  parts  of  the  East,  who  have  described 
those  customs,  &c.  as  still  subsisting." — DR.  A.  CLARKE. 

"  In  this  work  numerous  passages  of  Scripture  are  placed  in  a 
light  altogether  new ;  the  meanings  of  others,  which  are  not  dis 
coverable  by  the  methods  commonly  used  by  interpreters,  are 
satisfactorily  ascertained;  and  many  probable  conjectures  are 
offered  to  the  Biblical  Student."— Home's  Bibl.  Bib. 

"Light  is  thrown  on  them  from  Eastern  Customs." — Biclcer- 
stetVs  C.  S. 

2.  Outlines  of  a  New  Comment,  on  Solomon's  Song, 
drawn  by  the  help  of  instructions  from  the  East.  1768, 
8vo;  2ded.,  1775,  Svo. 

"This  is  an  uncommonly  ingenious  work,  to  which  all  subse 
quent  interpreters  of  the  Song  have  been  much  indebted.  Har 
mer  does  not  consider  it  as  an  epithalamium  properly,  but  as  re 
lating  to  a  royal  marriage,— that  of  Solomon  to  the  daughter  of 
Pharaoh,— and  this  event  as  designedly  symbolical  of  the  rejec 
tion  of  the  Jews  and  the  calling  of  the  Gentiles.  This  idea  he 
supports  with  great  ingenuity,  and  certainly  throws  much  light 
on  various  parts  of  this  beautiful  but  difficult  portion  of  Scrip 
ture."- Orme's  Bibl.  Bib. 

"  In  it  very  many  difficult  passages  of  Solomon's  Song  are  hap 
pily  elucidated,  and  bints  are  offered  of  which  subsequent  com 
mentators  have  not  failed  to  avail  themselves.    It  bears  a  high 
price."— Home's  Bibl.  Bib. 
"Many  good  illustrations."— Bickerstdh's  C.  S. 

Respecting  the  different  treatment  of  this  part  of  Scrip 
ture  by  Harmer,  and  Dr.  John  Gill,  and  Wm.  Romaine, 
see  Williams's  C.  P.,  5th  ed.,  1843,  289.  3.  Observ.  on 
the  Round  Towers  of  Ireland,  Archseol.,  1789.  4.  Miscell. 
Works,  cont'g  his  Letters,  Serms.,  <tc.,  by  Younginan. 
1S23,  Svo. 

787 


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Harmon,  D.  W.  A  Journal  of  Voyages  and  Travels 
in  the  Interior  of  North  America,  Andover,  Vermont,  1820. 
Keviewed  in  the  Lon.  Quar.  Rev.,  xxvi.  409-416. 

Harness,  John,  M.D.  Con.  to  Med.  and  Chir.  Trans., 
1800. 

Harness, -Wm.,  minister  of  Regent  Square  Chapel, 
London,  1826;  now  incumbent  of  All-Saints,  Knights- 
bridge.  Among  his  best-known  works  are — 1.  The  Con 
nexion  of  Christianity  with  Human  Happiness ;  being  the 
substance  of  the  Boyle  Lectures  for  1821,  Lon.,  1823,  2 
vols.  8vo. 

'« Mr.  Harness  has  rendered  a  most  important  service  in  thus 
exhibiting;  a  picture  of  the  boasted  liberty  of  these  states  of  an 
tiquity,  [Greece  and  Rome,]  their  loose  morals,  and  corrupt  prac 
tices;  whilst  he  satisfactorily  proves  that  the  religion  of  Jesus  can 
alone  produce  true  political  wisdom,  moderation,  or  patriotic  exer 
tion."—  Lon.  Christian  Rememb. 

2.  Parochial  Serms.,  1838,  8vo. 

"Eloquent  without  art  or  affectation,  and  earnest  without 
fanaticism." — Lon.  Quar.  Rev. 

Harney,  John  M.,  M.D.,  1789-1823,  a  native  of 
Sussex  county,  Delaware,  settled  in  Bardstown,  Kentucky, 
and  subsequently  at  Savannah,  Georgia.  He  again  re 
moved  to  Bardstown,  where  he  remained  until  his  decease. 
In  1816  he  pub.  anonymously  Crystalina;  a  Fairy-Tale, 
in  Six  Cantos,  which  was  enthusiastically  commended  by 
John  Neal,  in  the  Portico,  a  monthly  magazine  of  Balti 
more,  edited  by  him.  After  his  decease  some  of  his  other 
productions  were  given  to  the  world,  among  which  the 
Fever  Dream  has  perhaps  been  most  admired.  See  Gris- 
wold's  Poets  and  Poetry  of  America,  16th  ed.,  Phila.,  1855. 

Harper.  1.  Rep.  of  Cases  in  the  Constit.  Ct.  of  S. 
Carolina,  Columb.,  1824,  8vo.  2.  Rep.  of  Equity  Cases  in 
the  Ct.  of  Appeals  of  S.  Carolina,  1825,  8vo. 

Harper  of  Lincoln's  Inn  is  said  to  be  the  author  of 
the  following  work,  although  it  was  pub.  under  the  name 
of  Sir  Michael  Foster.  Examination  of  Church-Power 
laid  down  in  the  Codex  Juris  Eccles.  Ang.,  Ac.,  Lon., 
1735,  8vo;  3d  ed.  To  which  is  subjoined  Dr.  Andrews's 
Answer,  1736,  8vo.  See  FOSTER,  SIR  MICHAEL. 

Harper,  Andrew.    Med.  treatises,  Lon.,  1789,  8vo. 

Harper,  John.     Serm.  on  Musick,  Lon.,  1730,  8vo. 

Harper,  John.  The  Sea-Side  and  Aquarium,  Lon., 
1858,  12mo. 

Harper,  Robert  Goodloe,  1765-1825,  a  native  of 
Fredericksburg,  Virginia,  removed  to  S.  Carolina,  and  be 
came  an  eminent  lawyer,  and  a  member  of  the  U.  States 
Senate.  A  collective  ed.  of  his  Select  Works,  consisting 
of  Speeches  on  Politics  and  Forensic  Subjects,  Ac.,  was 
pub.  in  Baltimore  in  1814,  8vo. 

"  His  writings  are  energetic,  manly,  profound,  satisfactory.  We 
hold  him  to  be,  altogether,  one  of  the  ablest  men  that  North  Ame 
rica  has  produced."— JOHN  NEAL:  Elackw.  Mag.,  xvii.  56. 

Harper,  S.     Title-Deeds,  3d  ed.,  Lon.,  1829,  8vo. 

Harper,  Rev.  T.  Christian  Teacher,  2d  ed.,  Lon., 
1806. 

Harper,  Thomas.    Accomptant's  Companion,  12mo. 

Harper,  Walter.     Serms.,  1789,  '96,  '97. 

Harpley,  T.  1.  Poems,  Lon.,  1785,  8vo.  Written  in 
conjunction  with  W.  Sancroft.  2.  The  Genius  of  Liver 
pool ;  a  Drama,  1790,  8vo.  3.  The  Milliners;  a  Burletta, 
1790,  8vo.  4.  The  Triumph  of  Fidelity ;  a  Drama  in 
rhyme,  1790,  8vo. 

Harpsfield,  John,  d.  1578,  Dean  of  Norwich,  and 
chaplain  to  Bishop  Bonner,  partook  largely  of  his  perse 
cuting  spirit.  1.  Concio  ad  Clerum,  Lon.,  1553,  8vo.'  2. 
Homilies,  1554,  '55,  '56.  Of  Bonner's  Homilies,  nine  were 
written  by  Harpsfield.  3.  Serm.,  1556,  16mo.  4.  Suppu- 
tatio  Temporum  a  Diluvio  ad  A.  D.  1559,  '60.  5.  Dispu 
tations  and  Epistles  in  Fox's  Acts  and  Monuments. 

"  A  grand  zealot  far  the  Rom.Cath.  Religion."— Athen.  Oxon.,  q.v. 

See  also  Dodd's  Ch.  Hist. ;  Fox's  Acts  and  Monuments. 

Harpsfield,  Nicholas,  d.  1583,  Regius  Prof,  of 
Greek  at  Oxford,  Preb.  of  St.  Paul's,  and  Archdeacon  of 
Canterbury,  was  a  brother  of  the  preceding.  1.  Dialogi 
sex,  Ac.,  Antwerp,  1566,  '73,  4to.  Published  under  the 
name  of  ALAN  COPE,  q.  v.  in  this  Dictionary.  2.  Historia 
Anglicana  Ecclesiastica,  Duaci,  1622,  fol. 

"  'Tis  a  book  no  less  learnedly  than  painfully  performed ;  and, 
abating  his  partiality  to  his  own  interest,  he  well  deserves  of  all 
posterity." — Athen.  Oxon. 

3.  Historia  hseresis  Wickleffanse ;  pub.  with  the  former 
He  left  a  number  of  MSS. 

"  An  eminent  theologist,  well  skill'd  in  both  the  laws  and  in 
Greek,  history,  and  poetry." — Athen.  Oxon.,  q.  v. 

See  also  Dodd's  Ch.  Hist  j  Tanner  and  Pits ;  Strype. 

Harpur,  Joseph,  LL.D.  An  Essay  on  Philos.  Cri 
ticism  as  applied  to  Poetry,  Lon.,  1810,  4to. 

Harral,  Thomas.    A  novel,  Ac.,  1798-1805. 


This  name  is  often  written  Haring- 


Harraden,  R.  B.  1.  Cantabrigia  Depicta,  Camb., 
1809,  4to;  2d  ed.,  entit.  Hist,  of  the  Univ.  of  Cambridge, 
Ac.,  1814,  sup.  r.  8vo.  There  were  also  pub.  8  Views  and 
24  Views  illustrative  of  the  Univ.  of  Camb.  2.  6  Views 
in  the  Isle  of  Wight  and  of  Nelley  Abbey,  1814. 

Harrar,  Thomas.     The  Foure  Brothers;  the  quali 
ties  of  whom  are  contayned  in  this  old  riddle: 
Foure  Brethren  were  bred  at  once, 
Without  flesh,  bloud  or  bones; 
One  with  a  beard,  but  two  had  none, 
The  fourth  had  but  half  one. 
1616,  4to. 

Harrington, 
ton. 

Harrington,  E.  B.  1.  Michigan  Chan.  Rep.,  1836- 
42,  Detroit,  1845,  8vo.  In  conjunction  with  E.  J.  Roberts, 
Revised  Statutes  of  Michigan,  1837-38,  8vo,  1838.  3. 
Amer.  Equity  Digest:  see  BARBOUR,  OLIVER  LORENZO, 
No.  1. 

Harrington,  Mrs.  E.  D.,  a  sister  of  the  late  Mrs. 
Frances  Sargent  Osgood,  has  attained  some  reputation  as 
a  contributor  to  the  periodicals  of  the  day. 

Harrington,  Sir  Edward,  son  of  Henry  Harring 
ton,  M.  D.,  of  Bath,  d.  1807,  aged  54.  1.  A  Schizzo  on 
the  Genius  of  Man,  Lon.,  1793,  8vo.  2.  Travels  through 
parts  of  France. 

Harrington,  Rev.  Henry,  of  Bath,  a  descendant 
of  Sir  John  Harrington,  Knight,  pub.  the  Nugse  Antiquaa 
of  the  latter,  Lon.,  1769-75-79,  3  vols.  12mo ;  2d  ed., 
1792,  3  vols.  8vo;  3d  ed.,  by  Thos.  Park,  1804,  2  vols.  8vo. 
See  HARRINGTON,  SIR  JOHN. 

Harrington,  Henry,  M.D.,  1729-1816,  an  eminent 
physician,  long  resident  at  Bath,  a  son  of  the  preceding, 
pub.  An  Ode  to  Harmony ;  An  Ode  to  Discord ;  The  Witch 
of  Wokey,  a  ballad  in  the  Old  English  Style  ;  the  Geome 
trical  Analogy  of  the  Doctrine  of  the  Trinity,  1806,  4to. 

Harrington,  James,  1611-1677,  a  native  of  North 
amptonshire,  educated  at  Trin.  Coll.,  Oxford,  under  Chil- 
lingworth,  acquired  great  celebrity  as  a  warm  supporter 
of  political  freedom.  He  lived  for  some  time  on  the  con 
tinent,  and  doubtless  imbibed  whilst  resident  at  Venice 
and  the  Hague  those  republican  principles  which  dis 
tinguished  him.  His  principal  work  is  entit.  Oceana, 
pub.  in  1656,  fol.: 

"  A  kind  of  political  romance,  in  imitation  of  Plato's  '  Atlantic 
Story,'  where  by  Oceana  Harrington  means  England ;  exhibiting 
a  plan  of  republican  government,  which  he  would  have  erected 
here,  in  case  these  kingdoms  had  formed  themselves  into  a  genuine 
commonwealth.  This  work,  however,  pleased  no  party,  and,  as  it 
reflected  severely  upon  Oliver's  usurpation,  met  with  many  diffi 
culties  in  the  publishing." 

Harrington  pub.  also  several  other  political  treatises, 
1658-60,  an  Essay  upon  Virgil,  1658,  and  a  trans,  of  four 
books  of  the  JEneid  into  English  poetry,  1659.  A  col 
lective  ed.  of  his  writings  was  pub.  by  Toland  in  1700, 
fol.;  a  better  ed.  by  Toland,  Dubl.,  1737,  fol.;  another 
ed.,  Lon.,  1747,  fol. ;  and  the  best  one,  by  Thomas  Brand 
Hollis,  with  the  Life  by  Toland,  in  1771,  4to.  As  an  early 
supporter  of  political  liberty  in  England,  the  name  of 
Harrington  will  always  be  entitled  to  the  respect  of  pos 
terity,  whatever  may  be  thought  of  the  practicability  of 
some  of  his  speculations. 

"  Harrington's  Oceana  was  well  adapted  to  that  age,  when  the 
plans  of  imaginary  republics  were  the  daily  subjects  of  debate  and 
conversation;  and  even  in  our  time  it  is  justly  admired  as  a  work 
of  genius  and  invention.  The  idea,  however,  of  a  perfect  and  im 
mortal  commonwealth  will  always  be  found  as  chimerical  as  that 
of  a  perfect  and  immortal  man.  The  style  of  this  author  wauts 
ease  and  fluency ;  but  the  good  matter  which  his  work  contains 
makes  compensation." — Hume's  Hist,  of  Eng. 

"  The  only  valuable  model  of  a  commonwealth  that  has  yet  been 
offered  to  the  public."' — Hume's  Essays  and  Treatises. 

"  It  is  strange  that  Harrington,  so  little  while  ago,  should  be 
the  first  man  to  find  out  so  evident  and  demonstrable  a  truth  as 
that  of  property  being  the  true  basis  of  power.  His  Oceana,  allow 
ing  for  the  different  situation  of  things,  (as  the  less  number  of 
Lords  then,  those  Lords  having  no  share  in  the  Parliament,  and 
the  like,)  is  certainly  one  of  the  best- founded  political  pieces  that 
ever  was  writ." — DEAN  LOCKIER. 

"Harrington,  whose  Oceana  is  justly  regarded  as  one  of  the 
boasts  of  English  literature."— Dugald  Stewart's  Prelim.  Ess.  to 
Encyc.  Brit. 

"In  general  it  may  be  said  of  Harrington  that  he  is  prolix,  dull, 
pedantic,  and  seldom  profound,  but  sometimes  redeems  himself 
by  just  observations.  Like  most  theoretical  politicians  of  that 
age,  he  had  an  excessive  admiration  for  the  republic  of  Venice. 
His  other  political  writings  are  in  the  same  spirit  as  the  Oceana, 
but  still  less  interesting."— Hallam's  Lit.  Hist,  of  Europe. 
See  Biog.  Brit. ;  Athen.  Oxon. 

Harrington,  Sir  James.  Divine  Meditations, 
1682,  fol. 

Harrington,  James,  d.  1693,  in  his  29th  year,  was 
educated^  at  Christ  Church,  Oxford,  and  subsequently 


HAR 


HAR 


entered  the  Inner  Temple.  He  contributed  some  verses 
to  the  Musse  Anglicanae,  wrote  the  preface  to  the  1st  vol. 
of  Wood's  Athenae,  and  the  introduction  to  vol.  ii. ;  edited, 
•with  a  Life  and  Preface,  the  works  of  Dr.  George  Strad- 
ling,  and  pub.  a  number  of  tracts  respecting  the  Uni 
versity  of  Oxford. 

"  His  death  was  much  deplor'd  by  those  that  knew  him,  because, 
1.  That  he  was  a  prodigy,  considering  his  age,  in  his  knowledge 
of  the  common  law ;  2.  That  he  was  a  person  of  excellent  parts ; 
and,  3.  Thsit  he  was  very  honest  in  his  dealing,  and  of  a  good  and 
generous  nature."— Athen.  Oxon.  See  Bliss's  ed.;  and  Nichols's 
Alterbury. 

Harrington,  John,  of  Stepney,  1534-1582,  father 
of  Sir  John  Harrington,  wrote  some  poetical  pieces,  <fcc., 
which  were  pub.  in  the  Nugae  Antiquae.  See  next  article.  ' 
His  lines  are  thought  to  exhibit  a  polish  not  common  in 
the  writers  of  the  day.  The  "Verses  made  on  Isabella 
Markhame"  have  been  greatly  extolled: 

'•  If  the  poem  here  selected  be  rightly  attributed  to  him  by  the 
Harington  papers,  he  cannot  be  denied  the  singular  merit  of  hav 
ing  united  an  elegance  of  taste  with  an  artifice  of  style  which  fer 
exceeded  his  contemporaries." — Ellis's  Specimens. 

"  But  hardly  any  light  poem  of  this  early  period  is  superior  to 
some  lines  addressed  to  Isabella  Markham  by  Sir  John  [John, 
not  Sir  John]  Harington,  bearing  the  date  of  1564.  If  these  are 
genuine,  and  I  know  not  how  to  dispute  it,  they  are  as  polished  as 
any  written  at  the  close  of  the  queen's  reign.  These  are  not  in 
the  Paradise  of  Dainty  Devices.'' — Hallam's  Lit.  Hist,  of  Europe. 

Harrington,  Sir  John,  1561-1612,  son  of  the  pre 
ceding,  was  a  great  favourite  with  his  godmother,  Queen 
Elizabeth,  although  temporarily  banished  from  court  for 
writing  a  witty  work  upon  an  objectionable  theme,  en 
titled  The  Metamorphosis  of  Ajax,  Lon.,  1596,  8vo.  A 
license  was  refused  for  printing  this  work,  yet  it  never 
theless  went  through  three  impressions.  A  new  ed.  of  100 
copies  was  printed,  Chiswick,  1814,  8vo.  See  Lowndes's 
Bibl.  Man.  and  Bibl.  Anglo-Poet,  316-325.  Sir  John  also 
pub.  (2.)  Orlando  Furioso,  trans,  into  Heroical  English 
Verse,  Lon.,  1591,  1607,  fol. ;  3d  ed.,  including  the  Epi 
grams,  (dated  1633,  pp.  46,)  1634,  fol.  This  is  the  first  Eng 
lish  version  of  Ariosto.  The  first  fifty  stanzas  of  Book  xxxii. 
were  trans,  by  Francis  Harrington,  Sir  John's  younger 
brother. 

"Although  executed  without  spirit  or  accuracy,  unanimated  and 
incorrect,  it  enriched  our  poetry  by  a  communication  of  new  stories 
of  fiction  and  imagination,  both  of  the  romantic  and  comic  species 
of  Gothic  machinery  and  familiar  manners." — Warton's  Hist,  of 
Eng.  Pod. 

"  Much  admired  at  the  time,  though  now  found  to  be  inaccurate 
and  feeble." — Eltts's  Specimens. 

Another  eminent  authority,  comparing  Harrington's 
Ariosto  with  Fairfax's  Tasso,  remarks  : 

"  The  translation  of  Ariosto  by  Sir  John  Harrington,  in  1591,  is 
much  inferior." — Hallam's  Lit.  Hist,  of  Europe. 

3.  The  most  elegant  and  witty  Epigrams  of  Sir  J.  H., 
1615,  4to.     This  ed.  contains  only   115    Epigrams,   and 
forms  the  4th  book  of  the  entire  collection,  pub.  1618,  sm. 
8vo;    1625,  sm.  Svo;   1634,  fol.;  with  the  Orlando,  1633, 
fol.     The  Orlando  in  this  vol.  is  the  3d  ed.,  and  is  dated 
1634,  although  the  Epigrams  are  dated  1633. 

"  Sir  John  Harrington,  no  less  noted  for  his  book  of  witty  epi 
grams  than  his  judicious  translation  of  Ariosto's  Orlando  Furioso." 
—Phillips's  Theat.  Poet. 

"Formed  his  most  popular  production." — Ettis's  Specimens. 

"The  epigrams  it  must  be  confessed,  although  they  appear  to 
have  once  enjoyed  some  reputation,  possess  no  poetical  merit. 
They  are  flat,  colloquial  rhymes,  of  that  low  tone  above  which  it 
seems  to  have  been  difficult  for  the  genius  of  Harrington  to' rise." 
— Censura  Literaria. 

4.  The  Englishman's  Doctor,  or  the  School  of  Salerne, 
1609,  8vo.     Bibl.  Anglo-Poet.,  323,  £20,  1624,  8vo.     Bibl. 
Anglo-Poet,  324,  £15.    5.  The  Hist,  of  Polindor  and  Flos- 
tella,  with  other  Poems,  1651,  Svo.     6.  Briefe  View  of  the 
State  of  the  Ch.  of  Eng.,  1653,  12rno.     This  was  intended 
as  a  continuation  of  Bp.  Godwin's  Catalogue  of  Bishops, 
who  brought  his  list  down  to  about  1601. 

"  Malicious  remarks  upon  the  bishops  of  his  time." — Bp.  Nicnl- 
ton's  Eng.  Hist.  Lib. 

7.  Nugaa  Antiquae  ;  being  a  Miscell.  Collect,  of  Original 
Papers  in  Prose  and  Verse,  temp.  Henry  VIII.,  Ed.  VI., 
Mary,  Eliz.,  and  James,  by  Sir  J.  H.,  and  by  others  who 
lived  in  those  times,  Lon.,  1769-75-79,  3  vols.  12mo. 
Pub.  by  the  Rev.  Henry  Harrington,  of  Bath;  2d  ed., 
1792,  3  vols.  Svo;  3d  ed.,  newly  arranged,  with  Illust. 
Notes  by  Thomas  Park,  1804,  2  vols.  Svo.  Prefixed  is  a 
life  of  the  author. 

"  In  reconducting  this  miscellany  to  the  press,  I  have  taken  the 
liberty  of  rejecting  several  prose  pieces  which  had  appeared  in 
preceding  editions,  and  of  inserting  others  that  seemed  to  possess 
stronger  claims  for  admission  into  a  melange  suranne." — Park's 
Advert. 

These  vols.  should  be  in  the  library  of  every  historical 
student. 

"Sir  John  Harrington  appears  to  have  been  a  gentleman  of 
great  pleasantry  and  humour ;  his  fortune  was  easy,  the  court  his 


element,  and  wit,   not  his  business,  but  diversion." — Cooper's 
Muses'1  Library,  p.  297. 

In  addition  to  authorities  cited  above,  see  Athen.  Oxon.; 
Hutchinson's  Cumberland  ;  Watt's  Bibl.  Brit. 

Harrington,  John  Herbert.  1.  Saade's  Works  in, 
Persian,  Calcut,  1791-95,  2  vols.  fol.  2.  Laws  for  Brit. 
India,  1805,  fol. 

Harrington,  Joseph,  of  San  Francisco,  California. 
Serms.,  with  a  Memoir  of  his  Life  by  Wm.  Whiting,  Bost, 
1855,  12mo. 

Harrington,  Robert,  M.D.,  pub.  a  number  of  trea 
tises  upon  subjects  connected  with  nat  philos.  and  che 
mistry,  1781-1804.  See  Watt's  Bibl.  Brit. 

Harrington,  S.  M.,  Chief-Justice  of  Delaware.  Rep. 
in  the  Sup'r  Ct,  Ac.  of  Delaware,  Dover,  1837-44, 3  vols.  Svo. 

Harrington,  Thomas.  Science  Improved:  Nat. 
and  Experiment  Philos.,  Lon.,  1774,  4to. 

Harrington,  Wm.  The  Comendation  of  Matrimony, 
1 528,  4to.  See  Dibdin's  Typ.  Antiq.  of  G.  Brit ;  Lowndes's 
Bibl.  Man. 

Harriot,  John- Staples,  Col.  au  23e  Regiment  d'ln- 
fanterie  au  Bengale.  Memoire  sur  les  Kab'ir  Pantis,  secte 
de  de"istes  de  1'Hindoustan,  Par.,  1832,  Svo. 

Harriott,  John.     An  Engine ;  Nic.  Jour.,  1803. 

Harriott,  John.  Struggles  through  Life,  Lon.,  1807, 
2  vols.  12mo;  1815,  3  vols.  12mo.  This  work  contains  an 
amusing  account  of  the  author's  adventures  in  New  Eng 
land. 

Harriott,  or  Harriot,  Thomas,  1560-1621,  an 
eminent  mathematician  and  astronomer,  educated  at  St. 
Mary  Hall,  Oxford,  of  which  city  he  was  a,  native,  resided 
in  the  family  of  Sir  Walter  Raleigh,  by  whom  he  was  sent 
to  Virginia,  with  Sir  Richard  Grenville,  in  1585.  Of  this 
province  he  pub.  an  account,  entit.  A  Briefe  and  True  Re 
port  of  the  New  Found  Land  of  Virginia,  Ac.,  Lon.,  1588, 
fol.  This  work  was  pub.  in  Latin  by  De  Bry  <fc  Sons, 
Franc.,  1590,  fol.;  also  in  French  and  German.  The 
English  version  is  the  rarest  of  the  De  Bry  set  of  voy 
ages  ;  a  copy  sold  at  the  Nassau  sale  produced  £100,  and 
Lord  Oxford  paid  the  same  sum  for  his.  But  we  have 
already  given  more  space  than  we  can  well  afford  to  the 
Voyages  of  De  Bry  and  Sons  in  our  article  RICHARD 
HAKLUYT,  q.  «.,  and  authorities  there  cited.  Harriott's 
account  of  Virginia  will  be  found  in  vol.  iii.  of  Hakluyt's 
Voyages.  After  Harriott's  death  Walter  Warner  pub.  from 
his  MSS.  his  Artis  Analytic*  Praxis  ad  ^Equationes  Alge- 
braicas  nova,  expedita  et  general!  Methodo  resolvendas, 
Lon.,  1631,  fol. 

"  Harriott  ....  was  destined  to  make  the  last  great  discovery 
in  the  pure  science  of  algebra.  .  .  .  Harriott  arrived  at  a  complete 
theory  of  the  genesis  of  equations,  which  Cardan  and  Vieta  had 
but  partially  conceived."— •Hallam's  Lit.  Hist,  of  Europe.  See  4th 
ed.,  Lon.,  1854;  vol  i.  454,  456;  ii.  223;  iii.  181,  n.  189. 

See  also  Biog.  Brit;  Wallis's  Hist  of  Algebra;  Encyc. 
Brit. ;  Button's  Diet ;  Letters  by  Eminent  Persons. 

Harris,  Miss.  Coloured  Drawings  of  British  Butter 
flies,  from  the  Collection  of  Mr.  W.  E.  Leach,  with  letter 
press  Descriptions,  Exeter,  imp.  4to.  4  Nos. 

Harris,  Miss.  1.  From  Oxford  to  Rome,  and  how  it 
fared  with  some  who  lately  made  the  journey,  by  a  Com 
panion  Traveller,  2d  ed.,  Lon.,  1847,  Svo.  See  Lon.  Quar. 
Rev.,  Ixxxi.  131-166.  2.  Rest  in  the  Church,  1848,  sm.  Svo. 

Harris,  Alexander.  A  Converted  Atheist's  Testi 
mony  to  the  Truth  of  Christianity,  4th  ed.,  Lon.,  fp.  Svo. 

"  A  very  interesting  account  of  the  experience  of  an  intelligent 
and  sincere  mind  on  the  subject  of  religion.  We  can  honestly 
recommend  the  book  to  the  notice  of  our  readers." — Lon.  Eclec. 
Rev. 

Harris,  Barth.  Lusus  Serius  in  Petronii  Arbitri, 
Matronam  Ephesiam,  Lon.,  1665,  12mo. 

"A  curious  little  treatise."—  Watt's  Bibl.  Brit. 

Harris,  Catherine.     Edwardina;  a  Nov.,  2  vols. 

Harris,  Chapin  A.,  M.D.,  b.  1806,  at  Pompey, 
Onondaga  county,  N.  York,  Prof,  of  the  Principles  and 
Practice  of  Dental  Surgery  in  the  Baltimore  College,  <fcc. 
This  college,  chartered  in  1839-40,  the  first  of  its  kind  in 
the  world,  was  originated  by  Dr.  Harris.  1.  Dissert,  on 
the  Diseases  of  the  Maxillary  Sinus,  Phila.,  1842,  Svo, 
pp.  160.  2.  Characteristics  of  the  Human  Teeth,  &c., 
Bait,  1841,  Svo,  pp.  119.  3.  Dictionary  of  Dental  Science, 
1849,  Svo,  pp.  780 ;  2d  ed.,  entit  Dictionary  of  Medicine, 
Dental  Surgery,  and  the  Collateral  Sciences,  1854,  r.  Svo, 
pp.  800.  In  this  ed.  the  biographical  and  bibliographical 
matter  has  been  omitted,  but  between  7000  and  8000  new 
words  have  been  added,  and  other  important  improve 
ments  have  been  made. 

"  This  is  the  only  work  of  the  kind  in  the  world,  it  is  presumed, 
and  one  is  almost  tempted  to  believe  there  will  never  be  another, 
since  whatever  belongs  to  the  subject  is  here  brought  into  an 
elaborate  alphabetical  arrangement,  as  convenient  as  could  be 


HAR 


IIAR 


desired  for  reference.    This  dictionary  is  a  valuable  reference  for  '  Arrangements,  Edin.  and  Lon.,  1775,  8vo.     This  is  a  por- 


the  medical  profession  also,  and  may  be  resorted  to  with  profit^in 
regard  to  a  variety  of  diseases  for  which  they  are  consulted.'  — 
Boston  Med.  and  Surg.  Journal. 

4.  Principles   and   Practice  of  Dental   Surgery,  Bait., 
1839,  Svo,  pp.  384;  7th  ed.,  Phila.,  1858,  Svo,  pp.  892. 

"We  feel  warranted  in  sayinu  that  it  embodies  more  practical 
information  than  any  other  work  on  the  subject  in  the  English 
language :  we  would  consequently  recommend  its  perusal  in  the 
most  unqua^fied  terms  to  the  medical  profession  generally,  and  to 
the  scientific  Surgeon-Dentist  in  particular."— Southern  Medical 
and  Surgical  Journal. 

5.  Fox's   Natural   Hist,  and   Diseases  of  the  Human 


tion  of  a  larger  work  that  he  had  meditated,  but  never 
finished,  upon  the  logic  of  Aristotle.  5.  Philological  In 
quiries,  in  3  Parts,  Lon.,  1780,  2  vols.  8vo;  Part  3,  in 
French,  Paris,  1789,  12mo.  6.  Works,  with  Lite,  by  his 
son,  the  Earl  of  Malmesbury,  Lon.,  1801,  2  vols.  4to  and 
r.  4to;  1803,  5  vols.  Svo. 

"His  profound  knowledge  of  Greek,  which  he  applied  more  suc 
cessfully,  perhaps,  than  any  modern  writer  has  done,  to  the  study 
and  explanation  of  ancient  philosophy,  arose  from  an  early  and 
intimate  acquaintance  with  the  excellent  poets  and  historians  in 
that  language." — EARL  OF  MALMESBURY  :  Life  of  his  father,  q.  v. 
'Mr.  Harris  had  long  left  the  University  of  Oxford  before  he 


_. _    __ — -.-  j.0  .    9r1  I       " 

Teeth  ;   edited,  with  addits.,  1846,  imp.  8vo,  pp.  440  ,   2d  j  ^  to  read  Artotl    or  to  ,       ire     to  tne  Greek    hiloso. 


ed.,  Phila.,  1855,  Svo.  6.  Trans,  of  Desirabode's  Complete 
Elements  of  the  Science  and  Art  of  the  Dentist,  Bait., 
1847,  Svo,  pp.  552;  in  the  original  French,  about  pp.  900. 
We  are  indebted  to  Dr.  H.  for  tAvo  or  three  other  transla 
tions  from  the  same  language.  Dr.  Harris  has  edited  the 
Amer.  Jour,  of  Dental  Science  from  its  commencement  in 
1839  to  the  present  time,  (1858,) — i.e.  for  nineteen  years, 

assisted  at  various  times  by  Drs.  E.  Parmly,  S.  Brown, 

E.  Maynard,  A.  Westcot,  W.  H.  Dwindle,  A.  A.  Blandy, 
and  A.  Snowden  Piggot.  He  has  also  been  a  contributor 
to  the  Maryland  Jour,  of  Med.  and  Chir.,  Amer.  Jour,  of 
Med.  Science,  N.  York  Dental  Recorder,  and  to  one  or  two 
literary  publications. 

Harris,  Daniel.  Transit  of  Venus;  Phil.  Trans.,  1769. 
Harris,  Edmund.     Serins.,  1588,  '90. 
Harris,  G.  P.     Con.  to  Trans.  Linn.  Soc.,  1807. 
Harris,  George,  d.  1796,  an  English  civilian,  Chan 
cellor  of  the  dioceses  of  Durham,  Hereford,  and  Llandaff, 
and  Commissary  of  Essex,  Herts,  and  Surrey,  was  the  son 
of  Dr.  John  Harris,  Bp.  of  Llandaff.     1.  Observ.  upon  the 
Eng.  Language,  1752,  Svo.  Anon.     2.  D.  Justiniani  Insti- 
tutionum,  Libri  Quatuor,  with  an  Eng.  trans,  and  notes, 
Lon.,  1756,  '61;  Oxf.,  1811,  all  4to. 

"A  valuable  work,  worthy  the  perusal  of  any  gentleman  who 
would  form  a  just  notion  of  the  civil  policy  of  the  Romans,  and 
acquire,  at  the  same  time,  a  comparative  view  of  the  English." — 
DR.  ADAM  CLARKE. 

"Mr.  Harris's  translation  is  accurate,  and  furnished  with  some 
notes  which  elucidate  obscure  passages,  and  occasionally  point  out 
the  analogy  between  the  Common  and  the  Civil  Law." — Marvin's 
Leg.  Bibl.  See  COOPER,  THOMAS.  M.D.;  LYON,  GEORGE. 

Harris,  George.  1.  Life  of  Lord-Chancellor  Hard- 
wicke,  Lon.,  1847,  3  vols.  Svo. 

"  Vigorous,  intelligent,  and  interesting." — Lon.  Quar.  Pev. 
This  work  gives  some  important  information  respecting 
the  Roman  Catholics. 

2.  True  Theory  of  Representation  in  a  State,  1852. 
Harris,  George  W.     Reports  of  the  Supreme  Ct.  of 
Penna.,  1849-56,  Phila.,  12  vols. 

Harris,  Henrietta.     Poems,  1806,  12rno. 
Harris,  Henry.     On  Priesthood,  Oxf.,  1849,  Svo. 
Harris,  Rev.  J.     Sufferings  of  Christ,  1809. 
Harris,  James,  M.P.,  of  Salisbury,  1709-1780,  a  ne 
phew  of  Lord  Shaftesbury,  the  celebrated  author  of  the 
Characteristics,  was  educated  at  Wadham  Coll.,  Oxf.,  and 
removed  from  thence  to  Lincoln's  Inn.    In  1761  he  entered 
Parliament;  in  1762  became  a  Lord  of  the  Admiralty;  in 
1763  Lord  of  the  Treasury;  and  in  1774  Secretary  and 
Comptroller  to  the  Queen.     He  was  a  man  of  great  erudi 
tion,  and  especially  skilled  in  the  Greek  and  Latin  classics. 
1.  Three  Treatises  :  I.  Art;  II.  Music,  Painting,  and  Poetry ; 
III.  Happiness,  Lon.,  1744,  Svo.  Other  eds.  in  1765,  '71,  '72. 
This  is  a  valuable  work.     An  eminent  authority  commends 
the  treatise  on  Art,  as 

"The  best  specimen  of  the  dividing  or  diaeretic  manner,  as  the 
ancients  called  it,  that  is  to  be  found  in  any  modern  book  with 
which  I  am  acquainted." — LORD  MONBODDO. 

2.  Hermes;  or,  a  Philosophical  Inquiry  concerning  Lan 
guage  and  Universal  Grammar,  Lon.,  1750,  '51,  '71,  '75, 
1806,  Svo.  The  title  of  this  learned  work  has  sometimes 
occasioned  its  being  purchased  for  a  novel ;  but  a  pupil 
of  the  Minerva  Press  school  would  soon  find  himself  be 
yond  his  depth.  A  celebrated  philologist,  in  the  Preface 
to  his  English  Grammar,  thus  warmly  commends  Mr. 
Harris's  treatise : 

"Those  who  would  enter  more  deeply  into  this  subject  will  find 
it  fully  and  accurately  handled,  with  the  greatest  acuteness  of 
investigation,  perspicuity  of  application,  and  elegance  of  method, 
in  a  Treatise  entitled  Hermes,  by  J.  Harris,  Esq.,  the  most  beau 
tiful  and  perfect  example  of  analysis  that  has  been  exhibited  since 
the  days  of  Aristotle."— BISHOP  LOWTH. 

"On  the  means  of  acquiring  just  taste:  written  with  the  pre 
cision  of  Aristotle,  and  the  elegance  of  Quintilian."— COLERIDGE. 

"We  ought  not  either  to  omit  the  mention  of  Mr.  James  Harris, 
the  learned  and  accomplished  author  of  one  of  the  most  beautiful 
Specimens  of  metaphysical  analysis  on  the  theory  of  Language, 
which  exist  in  our  language;  I  mean  the  work  entitled  Hermes  " 
—Mordl's  Hist,  of  Mod.  Philos. 

3.  The  Spring ;  a  Pastoral,  1762,  4to.    4.  Philosophical 


/hy ;  and  he  was  led  to  the  consideration  of  universal  grammar 
by  no  book  of  the  academical  cycle,  either  then  or  since,  but  by  the 
Minerva  of  Sanctius.  That  Mr.  Harris  was  a  tardy  student  of 
philosophy  is  shown,  perhaps,  iu  his  want  of  self-re  I  ianae,  in  his 
prejudice  in  favour  of  authority — at  least  of  ancient  authority. 
But  truth  is  not  the  property  of  the  old  or  of  the  new ;  '  non  duni 
occupata,' — it  frequently  belongs  to  neither." — SIR  WM.  HAMILTON  : 
Oxford  as  it  might  be :  Append,  to  Discussions,  tfc.,  2d  ed.,  Lon., 
1853,  8vo. 

Mr.  Harris's  personal  character  was  most  estimable: 
"The  deep  sense  of  moral  and  religious  obligation  which  was 
habitual  to  him,  and  those  benevolent  feelings  which  were  so  great 
a  happiness  to  his  family  and  friends,  had  the  same  powerful  in 
fluence  over  his  public  as  his  private  life." — EARL  OF  MALMESBURY: 
supra. 

"  Mr.  Harris's  style  is  flat  and  heavy ;  and  Dr.  Johnson  observed 
to  Mrs.  1'iozzi,  that  in  the  fourteen  lines  of  which  the  dedication 
of  the  Hermes  consists,  there  were  no  less  than  six  grammatical 
faults."— Lon.  Quar.  Bev.,  Ixxiv.  543  ;  Mrs.  Piozzi:  Ancc.,  p.  6. 

"At  Lord  Monboddo's,  after  the  conversation  upon  the  decrease 
of  learning  in  England,  his  lordship  mentioned  Hermes,  by  Mr. 
Harris  of  Salisbury,  as  the  work  of  a  living  author  for  whom  he 
had  a  great  respect.  Dr.  Johnson  said  nothing  at  the  time;  but 
when  we  were  iu  our  post-chaise,  told  me  he  thought  Harris  '  a 
coxcomb.' " — BOSWELL  :  Life  of  Johnson. 

Harris,  James,  M.P.,  first  Earl  of  Malmesbury, 
1746-1820,  son  of  the  preceding,  educated  at  Merton  Col 
lege,  Oxford,  and  at  the  University  of  Leyden,  was  for 
many  years  ambassador  from  Great  Britain  to  Spain, 
Prussia,  Russia,  the  Hague,  and  France,  respectively.  In 
1843-44  his  grandson,  the  third  Earl,  pub.,  in  4  vols.  Svo, 
his  grandfather's  Diaries  and  Correspondence,  1767-1809. 
"As  to  literary  merit,  the  volumes  have  none  at  all.  In  his 
style,  the  son  of  the  author  of  Hermes  follows  his  father's  example 
rather  than  his  precepts.  It  is  flat  and  ungraniinatical ;  and, 
what  is  more  surprising,  vulgar  '  to  a  degree!' — to  use  one  of  his 
own  slip-slop  phrases — and  we  do  not  know  that  we  ever  read  so 
many  letters  in  which  there  was  so  little  of  that  occasional  orna 
ment  and  relief  which  literature  and  wit  can  impart  even  to  the 
driest  business." — Lon.  Quar.  Rev.,  Ixxiv.  508-544. 

His  lordship  was  the  author  of  an  Introduction  to  the 
Hist,  of  the  Dutch  Republic. 
Harris,  James.    Algebraist's  Assist.,  1818. 
Harris,  John.     The  Divine  Physician;  prescribing 
Rules  for  the  cure  of  diseases  as  well  of  the  Body  as  the 
Soul,  Lon.,  1676,  Svo. 

Harris,  John,  Rector  of  Winchelsea.  Animalcules 
in  AVater;  Phil.  Trans.,  1696. 

Harris,  John,  D.D.,  1667-1719,  the  first  compiler  of 
a  Dictionary  of  Arts  and  Sciences  in  England,  educated 
at  St.  John's  Coll.,  Camb.,  became  Rector  of  St.  Mildred's, 
London,  Perpetual  Curate  of  Stroud,  Preb.  of  Rochester, 
and  Fellow-Secretary  and  Vice-President  of  the  Royal 
Society.  He  died  in  great  poverty.  He  pub.  works  on 
nat.  hist.,  mathematics,  and  astronomy,  serins.,  <fec.,  1697- 
1719,  and  the  following  compilations,  by  which  he  is  best 
known  :  1.  Collection  of  Voyages  and  Travels,  Lon.,  1702, 
'05,  Svo.  New  ed.,  revised  and  continued  by  Dr.  John 
Campbell,  1744-48,  2  vols.  fol.  Consisting  of  above  six 
hundred  of  the  most  authentic  writers  from  Columbus  to 
Anson.  This  collection  is  compiled  from  Hakluyt,  Pur- 
chas,  Ramusio,  The"venot,  De  Bry,  Herrera,  Ac. 

"  As  to  Harris's  Collection,  let  any  one  inspect  the  curious  con 
tents  only  of  the  first  volume,  as  exhibited  by  Mr.  Harris  in  his 
valuable  Catalogue  of  the  Library  of  the  Koyal  Institution,  p.  200, 
and  he  will  not  hesitate  a  moment  respecting  the  importance  of 
the  work." — Dibdin's  Lib.  Comp. 

"  It  appears  to  have  been  got  up  in  competition  with  Churchill's 
Collection,  but  differs  entirely  from  that  work,  being  a  history  of 
all  the  known  voyages  and  travels,  whereas  Churchill's  is  a  collec 
tion  of  some  particular  relations  and  histories."— Jiich's  Bibl.  Amer. 
JVwa. 

See  CHURCHILL,  OWNSHAM  and  JOHN;  CAMPBELL,  JOHN, 
LL.D. ;  HAKLUYT,  RICHARD;  OSBORNE,  THOMAS;  PINK- 
ERTON,  JOHN.  2.  Lexicon  Technicum;  or,  an  Universal 
Dictionary  of  Arts  and  Sciences:  explaining  not  only  the 
Terms  of  Art,  but  the  Arts  themselves,  2  vols.  fol.,  1704, 
<fcc.  5  eds.  appeared  before  1741,  when  a  Supp.  was  pub. 
This  is  the  first  of  the  respectable  line  of  English  Ency- 
clopsedias,  of  which  the  8th  edit,  of  the  Encyclopaedia 
Britannica,  now  (1858)  in  course  of  publication,  is  the 
last.  See  Bowyer's  criticism  on  the  terms  Cyclopaedia  and 


HAR 

Encyclopaedia,  in  our  life  of  EPHRAIM  CHAMBERS.  3.  His 
tory  of  Kent ;  containing  its  Topography,  Civil  and  Eccles. 
Hist.,  <fec.,  1719,  2  vols.  fol.  Posth.  Left  incomplete,  and 
very  inaccurate  also,  at  his  death.  In  1698  Dr.  Harris 
preached  the  course  of  Boyle  Lectures :  see  Boyle  Lec 
tures,  vol.  i.  356-425,  1739. 

Harris,  John,  Bishop  of  Llandaff,  1729,  d.  1738. 
Serms.,  1716,  '25,  '34. 

Harris,  John,  M.D.     Con.  to  Mem.  Med.,  1799. 

Harris,  John,  D.D.,  a  Dissenting  divine,  Principal 
of  New  College,  St.  John's  Wood,  London,  was  born  at 
Ugborough,  Devonshire,  in  1804,  and  entered  Hoxton 
College  as  a  student  of  divinity  in  1823.  He  preached 
for  some  time  at  Epsom,  and  in  1837  became  Prof,  of 
Theology  in  Cheshunt  College.  On  the  occasion  of  the  amal 
gamation,  in  1850,  of  the  Independent  colleges  of  High 
bury,  Homerton,  and  Coward,  into  New  College,  Dr.  Harris 
became  Principal  of  the  Institute,  and  its  Professor  of 
Theology.  Dr.  Harris  died  December  21,  1856.  As  an 
author,  Dr.  Harris  attained  a  wide  celebrity  both  in 
Europe  and  America.  1.  The  Great  Teacher,  Lon.,  1835, 
p.  Svo.  2.  The  Christian  Citizen  ;  a  Serm.,  cr.  Svo.  3.  The 
Witnessing  Church  ;  a  Serm.,  Svo.  4.  Britannia;  or,  The 
Condition  and  Claims  of  Seamen,  1837,  Svo.  New  ed., 
1853,  p.  Svo.  This  obtained  a  prize  of  £50. 

"  This  is  an  excellent  and  powerful  appeal  in  aid  of  the  objects 
of  the  British  and  Foreign  Sailors'  Society,  and  we  congratulate 
the  Society  on  having  found  so  able  an  advocate  as  Mr.  Harris 
proves  himself  to  be." — Lon.  Nautical  Mag. 

5.  Covetousness  the  sin  of  the  Christian  Church,  1836, 
p.  Svo.  New  ed.,  1851,  p.  Svo.  This  essay  obtained  a 
prize  of  one  hundred  guineas.  About  90,000  to  100,000 
copies  have  been  sold  to  the  present  time,  (1856.)  We 
have  already  alluded  to  the  censure  which  it  elicited :  see 
ELLABY,  JAMES,  and  A.  S.  THELWALL;  Lon.  Presbyterian 
Review,  Aug.  1837.  6.  Union;  or,  The  Divided  Church 
made  One,  1836,  p.  Svo.  New  ed.,  1851,  p.  Svo. 

"  We  cordially  recommend  the  Essay  to  our  readers.  It  appears 
to  us  more  than  worth  all  the  schemes  of  comprehension  that  have 
ever  been  propounded,  or  all  the  henoticons  or  concordats  that 
have  ever  been  imagined." — Lon.  Eclectic  Review. 

"  All  the  writings  of  Mr.  Harris  are  excellent,  and  deservedly 
popular.  It  is  very  remarkable  that  they  tend  to  elevate  the  tone 
of  Christian  principle,  and  to  kindle  and  purify  the  zeal  of  God's 
professing  people,  more  than  those  of  any  other  living  author. 
That  this  subject  has  been  undertaken  by  Mr.  Harris  is  to  us 
matter'of  high  gratification.  It  is  one  very  worthy  of  his  master 
mind,  and  one,  the  claims  of  which  he  has  rendered  forcibly  at 
tractive,  if  not  in  every  part  absolutely  irresistible." — Lon.  New 
Connexion  Mag. 

"  We  desire  to  give  it  the  most  cordial  recommendation,  as  a 
production  which  evinces  a  bright  intellect,  a  pious  disposition 
and  a  catholic  and  loving  spirit." — Lon.  Baptist  Repositm-y. 

7.  The  Great  Commission,  1842,  p.  Svo.     New  ed.,  1852 
p.  Svo.     This  essay  on  Christian  Missions  obtained  a  prize 
of  two  hundred  guineas. 

"  The  production,  in  all  its  departments,  bears  the  impress  of 
the  hand  of  a  consummate  artist.  The  symmetry,  the  proportion 
of  parts  to  parts,  is  all  but  perfect.  The  materials  are  skilfully 
selected ;  they  are  rich,  varied,  and  appropriate.  Nothing  is  want 
ing  that  knowledge,  research,  or  invention,  could  supply.  The 
work  throughout  bespeaks  the  Christian,  the  philosopher,  tht 
man  of  letters,  and,  rarest  of  all,  the  man  of  business." — Lon 
Eclectic  Review. 

"It  is  a  magnificent  production.  Comprehensive  in  plan;  ad 
mirable  in  arrangement;  elegant  in  diction  ;  happy  in  illustration 
cogent  and  conclusive  in  reasoning,  and  powerful  in  appeal.  It 
is  a  volume  which  the  church  of  Christ,  if  true  to  her  hiterests 
and  faithful  to  the  responsibilities  of  her  high  vocation,  nevei 
must,  never  can, '  willingly  let  die.'  It  is  an  honour  to  our  country 
a  boon  to  our  churches,  a  blessing  to  the  world." — Lon.  Christian 
Examiner. 

8.  The  Pre-Adamite  Earth,  1847,  Svo.     New  ed.,  1850 
Svo.     This  is  the  first  of  a  series  of  which  three  works 
have  been  pub.     See  also  Nos.  9  and  10. 

"  The  work  exhibits  great  research  and  power  of  analysis,  clea 
and  profound  reasoning  and  demonstrations.  The  attempt  i 
made,  and  we  think  successfully,  to  show  that  there  is  a  theology 
in  nature  which  is  ultimately  one  with  the  theology  of  the  Bible; 
— Lon.  Biblical  Repository. 

"  We  estimate  highly  Dr.  Harris's  book.    In  many  respects  it  5 

the  best  book  of  the  kind  we  have  seen To  those  who  will  take 

the  trouble  to  read  it  through,  we  feel  assured  that  it  will  prove  a 
source  of  instruction  and  elevating  thought." — Lon.  Atlienceum. 

9.  Man  Primeval,  1849,  Svo. 

"  His  copious  and  beautiful  illustrations  of  the  successive  law; 
of  the  Divine  Manifestation  have  yielded  us  inexpressible  delight.' 
— Lon.  Eclectic  Rev. 

"  We  do  not  believe  that  in  any  treatise  in  our  language  man' 
relation  to  the  system  and  order  of  things  to  which  he  belong! 
has  ever  been  so  fully  and  satisfactorily  developed." — Lon.  Evan 
gel.  Mag. 

10.  Patriarchy;  or,  The  Family,  its   Constitution,  Ac. 
1855,  Svo.     A  collective  ed.  of  the  Works  of  Dr.  Harri 
was  pub.  in  1838,  Lon.,  4  vols.  r.  12mo.     We  have  quote( 
but  from  a  few  of  the  commendations  before  us  of  the  work 


HAR 

)f  this  distinguished  divine.     We  feel  unwilling  to  close. 

ithout  brief  citations  from  two  well-known  authorities : 

"  Harris's  Great  Teacher,  Mammon,  The  Great  Commission,  &c< 

lave  been  received  with  extraordinary  approbation  by  almost  all 

ilasses  of  religious  people ;  and  are  justly  entitled  to  the  applause 

vhich  they  have  commanded.    They  are  not  more  remarkable  for 

;he  elegance  of  their  diction  than  for  the  spirit  of  pure  and  fervent 

devotion  by  which  they  are  pervaded." — Dr.  E.  Williams's  Ctvris- 

ian  Preacher. 

"  His  great  power  is  the  exhaustion  and  ingenious  illustration 
>f  topics.  His  manner  of  writing  has  a  quiet  earnestness  about 
_t  which  is  very  impressive,  and  which  characterizes  his  mode  of 
public  address.  He  deserves  great  praise  for  the  lively  graces  of 
Mammon,  for  the  manful  and  masterful  execution  of  the  Great 
Teacher,  a  book  which  contains  the  most  successful  full-length 
portraiture  of  the  Divine  Man  we  have  read,  and,  since  the  first 
edition  of  this  work  appeared,  for  two  very  vigorous  and  original 
books  on  the  Pre-Adamite  Earth,  and  Man  Primeval."— Gilfillarts 
First  Gallery  of  Literary  Portraits,  3d  ed.,  Lon.,  1851 ;  143-144. 

See  also  Lon.  Eclectic  Review,  4th  S.,  iv.  303  ;  xxi.  137; 
xxvi.  612 ;  Brit.  Quar.  Rev.,  v.  387 ;  South.  Quar.  Rev., 
xxi.  48 ;  Bost.  Chris.  Rev.,  vii.  379 ;  by  D.  W.  Phillips, 
xiv.  402;  by  A.  P.  Peabody,  N.  Amer.  Rev.,  Ixx.  391. 

Most  of  Dr.  Harris's  works  have  been  republished  in 
neat  style  by  Gould  &  Lincoln,  of  Boston. 

Harris,  Joseph.  Dramas  and  poems,  1691-1702. 
See  Biog.  Drainat. ;  Watt's  Bibl.  Brit. 

Harris,  Joseph,  Assay-Master  of  the  Mint,  d.  1764, 
pub.  mathemat.  and  other  treatises,  1730-75,  of  which  the 
following  is  the  best-known  :  An  Essay  upon  Money  and 
Coins;  in  Two  Parts,  Lon.,  1757,  Svo. 

"  This  is  one  of  the  very  best  treatises  on  money  and  coins  that 
have  ever  been  published."— McCulloch's  Lit.  of  Pulii.  Econ.,  q.  v. 
Harris,   Joseph,    Secretary   to   Vice-Admiral   Mil- 
banke,  d.  1789,  aged  31.     Naval  Characters,  &c. 

Harris,  Moses.  1.  The  Aurelian;  or,  Nat.  Hist,  of 
English  Moths  and  Butterflies,  Lon.,  1766,  fol.,  1776,  '82, 
4to.  A  copy  on  vellum,  in  Edwards's  Catalogue  for  1796, 
was  marked  £52  10s.  See  a  learned  paper  upon  this  sub 
ject,  with  a  review  of  this  work,  in  the  Lon.  Retrosp.  Rev., 
N.  S.,  i.  230-245,  1827.  A  new  ed.  of  the  Aurelian,  by  J. 
0.  Westwood,  was  pub.  by  H.  G.  Bohn  in  1840,  sm.  fol., 
44  plates,  £4  4».  This  is  the  only  work  which  contains 
the  English  moths  and  butterflies  of  the  full  natural  size, 
in  all  their  changes  of  Caterpillar,  Chrysalis,  <fcc.,  with  the 
plants  on  which  they  feed. 

2.  The  English  Lepidoptera;  or,  The  Aurelian's  Pocket- 
Companion,  1775,  Svo.  3.  An  Exposition  of  English  In 
sects,  in  Eng.  and  French,  Lon.,  1776,  '82,  r.  4to,  50  plates. 
A  work  of  great  value. 

"  Moses  Harris  was  the  best  painter  and  engraver  of  insects  of 
his  day,  besides  being  a  most  accurate  describer." — SWAINSON. 

Harris,  Rev.  Raymond.  Slave  Trade,  Liverp., 
1788,  Svo. 

Harris,  Richard.  Concordia  Anglicana  de  prima- 
tur  Eccl.  Hegio,  Ac.,  Lon.,  1612,  Svo.  In  English,  with 
addits.,  1614,  4to. 

Harris,  Robert,  D.D.,  1578-1658,  a  Puritan  divine, 
a  native  of  Gloucestershire,  educated  at  Magdalen  Hall, 
Oxford,  obtained  the  living  of  Hanwell,  Oxfordshire; 
President  of  Trin.  Coll.,  Oxford,  1648-58.  He  pub.  a 
number  of  Serms.  &c.,  1618-42,  and  Two  Letters  in  vin- 
dic.  of  himself,  1648,  4to.  Works  collected,  1635,  fol.; 
with  some  addit.  serms.,  1654,  fol.  Bishop  Wilkins  classes 
him  among  the  most  eminent  of  English  divines. 

"  A  far-famed  puritanical  preacher  of  his  time." — Athen.  Oxen. 

"  A  man  of  admirable  prudence,  profound  judgment,  eminent 

gifts  and  graces,  and  furnished  with  all  qualifications  which  might 

render  him  a  complete  man,  a  wise  governor,  a  popular  Preacher, 

and  a  good  Christian." — DURHAM. 

See  Athen.  Oxon.,  and  the  Annals,  Colleges,  and  Halls, 
and  Wood's  Life;  Harris's  Life,  by  Durham,  1660,  12mo; 
Warton's  Life  of  Bathurst,146,  and  of  Sir  Thomas  Pope,446. 
Harris,  S.,  D.D.,  Prof,  of  Mod.  Hist,  in  the  Univ.  of 
Camb.  A  Comment  on  the  53d  Chap,  of  Isaiah,  Lon., 
1739,  4to. 

"  This  is  a  curious  and  learned  book,  which  is  commended  by 
Dr.  Doddridge."—  Orme's  Bill.  Bib. 

Harris,  T.  Covent-Garden  Theatre,  1768. 
Harris,  Thaddeus  Mason,  D.D.,  1768-1842,  a 
native  of  Charlestown,  Mass.,  graduated  at  Harvard  Col 
lege  in  1787,  and  was  librarian  of  that  institution  from 
1791  to  1793.  In  1793  he  became  pastor  of  a  Congrega 
tional  church  in  Dorchester,  and  retained  this  post  until 
his  death.  He  pub.  many  Sermons  and  Addresses,  and 
several  valuable  works.  We  notice : — 1.  Discourses  in 
favour  of  Free-Masonry,  Charlestown,  1801,  Svo.  2.  The 
Minor  Encyclopaedia,  1803,  4  vols.  3.  Journal  of  a  Tour 
into  the  Territory  northwest  of  the  Allegheny  Mountains 
in  1 803,  Bost.,  1805,  Svo.  4.  A  Natural  History  of  the 
Bible,  1821,  Svo.  Other  eds.,  some  of  which  aro  entitled, 
A  Dictionary  of  the  Nat.  Hist,  of  the  Bible,  Lon.,  1824, 


HAR 


HAR 


8vo;  1825,  12mo.  New  ed.,  with  addits.  and  corrections 
by  Josiah  Conder,  150  wood-cuts,  1833-34,  12mo.  In 
German,  at  Leipsic,  1825,  8vo..  We  have  already  noticed 
this  excellent  work  in  our  article  on  CARPENTER,  WIL 
LIAM,  q.  v. 

"We  cheerfully  recommend  the  work  both  to  the  learned  and 
the  unlearned  reader,  as  containing  all  that  can  be  known  on  the 
subjects  which  successively  occur.  Many  of  the  articles  will  be 
read  with  great  interest :  and  in  those  in  which  curiosity  is  most 
concerned,  the  author,  in  a  form  as  much  abridged  as  their  nature 
would  admit,  has  exhausted  all  the  learning  of  naturalists  and 
travellers ;  and.  as  we  believe,  has  generally  come  to  the  right  re 
sults."— S.  WILLARD  :  N.  Amer.  Rev.,  xix.  86-92. 

This  eulogistic  notice  is  "cheerfully  adopted"  by  the 
distinguished  Biblical  scholar,  the  Rev.  T.  Hartwell  Home, 
D.D. ;  see  his  Bibl.  Bib.  Mr.  Bickersteth  also  commends 
Dr.  Harris's  work :  see  his  Christian  Student. 

"  This  is  an  excellent  book,  containing  descriptions  of  all  the  ani 
mals,  insects,  and  precious  stones,  which  are  mentioned  in  the 
Scriptures.  They  are  alphabetically  arranged;  and  thus,  while 
the  volume  cannot  fail  to  be  valuable  and  interesting  to  the  young 
reader,  it  is  well  adapted  to  the  more  mature  and  experienced." — 
Lon.  Lit.  Gazette. 

5.  Memorials  of  the  First  Church  in  Dorchester ;  in  Two 
Discourses,  Bost,  1830,  8vo.  6.  Biographical  Memoirs 
of  James  Oglethorpe,  Founder  of  the  Colony  of  Georgia 
in  N.  America,  1841,  8vo. 

"  Considering  the  nature  of  his  materials,  the  author's  task  was 
neither  inviting  nor  easy ;  but  it  has  been  well  executed,  and  he 
has  rendered  a  just  tribute  to  the  memory  of  a  distinguished  bene 
factor  of  mankind,  and  a  valuable  service  to  the  history  of  his 
country." — JARED  SPARKS:  N.  Amer.  Rev.,  liii.  448-478. 

A  biographical  notice  of  Dr.  Harris,  by  Dr.  Frothingham, 
will  be  found  in  the  Mass.  Hist.  Soc.  Coll.,  4th  S.,  ii.  130. 

"A  man  of  a  good  deal  of  learning  in  New  England  antiquities." 
—How.  EDWARD  EVERETT  :  see  conclusion  of  the  next  article. 

Harris,  Thaddeus  William,  M.D.,  grad.  at  Har 
vard  College,  1815,  d.  1856,  son  of  the  preceding,  was  a 
resident  of  Cambridge,  Mass.,  and  had  been  Librarian  of 
Harvard  College  from  1831  to  the  time  of  his  decease. 
Dr.  Harris  was  a  distinguished  entomologist,  and  as  an 
author  was  extensively  known  by  A  Report  on  the  Insects 
of  Massachusetts  Injurious  to  Vegetation.  Cambridge, 
1841,  8vo. 

"  We  hardly  know  where  to  find  a  summary  so  condensed,  and, 
at  the  same  time,  so  complete.  It  removes  all  difficulty  at  the  out 
set;  and  thus,  while  this  Report  is  sufficiently  scientific  in  its  execu 
tion  to  meet  the  expectations  of  the  learned,  it  answers  the  more 
important  purpose  of  placing  the  means  of  knowledge  in  every 
man's  hands."— N.  Amer.  Rev.,  liv.  73-101. 

A  second  impression  of  this  Report,  somewhat  enlarged, 
was  pub.  by  the  author  in  1842,  8vo,  pp.  459,  under  the 
title  of  A  Treatise  on  some  of  the  Insects  of  New  Eng 
land  which  are  Injurious  to  Vegetation.  A  new  ed.  of 
this  valuable  work,  revised  and  enlarged  by  the  addition 
of  about  fifty  pages,  was  pub.  (under  the  title  just  quoted) 
in  1852,  8vo.  See  a  notice  in  N.  Amer.  Rev.,  Ixxvi.  255- 
256.  Dr.  Harris's  Report  was  drawn  up  by  him  in  an 
official  capacity;  and  we  cannot  confer  a  greater  honour 
upon  his  memory  than  by  quoting  the  following  high 
testimony  to  his  scientific  erudition  : 

"The  late  Dr.  Thaddeus  William  Harris  was  one  of  the  commis 
sioners  appointed  for  the  Zoological  and  Botanical  Survey  of  Mas 
sachusetts  while  I  was  Governor  of  the  state,  in  1837.  The  ento 
mological  department  was  entrusted  to  him;  and  in  this  country 
he  had,  at  the  time,  no  superior,  if  he  had  an  equal,  which  I  doubt." 
—HON.  EDWARD  EVERETT  :  in  a  Letter  to  the  Author  of  this  Diction 
ary,  May  27,  1856. 

Harris,  Thorn.  The  Excellency  of  the  Handy  Work 
of  the  Royal  Hand,  Lon.,  1665,  4to. 

Harris,  Thomas.  The  Arininian  Priests  Last  Pe 
tition,  1642,  4to.  In  verse. 

Harris,  Thomas.  Crude  Mercury,  Lon.,  1732,  '34, 
'35,  8vo. 

Harris,  Thomas.     Serms.,  1733,  '49,  '55. 

Harris,  Thomas,  M.D.,  Surgeon  U.  S.  Navy.  Life 
of  Com.  Wm.  Bainbridge,  Phila.,  1837,  8vo. 

Harris,  Thomas,  of  Baltimore.  1.  Modern  Entries. 
New  ed.,  by  H.  D.  Evans,  Bait.,  1831-32,  2  vols.  8vo.  2.  In 
conjunction  with  J.  McHenry,  Maryland  Reports,  1700-99, 
N.  York  and  Annap.,  1809-18,  4  vols.  8vo.  3.  In  con 
junction  with  R.  Johnson,  Maryland  Reports,  1800-26, 
Annap.,  1821-27,  7  vols.  8vo.  4.  In  conjunction  with  R. 
W.  Gill,  Maryland  Reports,  1826-29,  2  vols.  8vo. 

Harris,  Thomas  L.  1.  An  Epic  of  the  Starry  Hea- 
yens,  N.  York,  1854,  12mo.  2.  Lyric  of  the  Morning  Land 
1854,  12mo.  3.  A  Lyric  of  the  Golden  Age,  1856  12mo  ' 

Harris,  Tucker,  M.D.,  1747-1821,  a  native  of 
Charleston,  pub.  some  essays  in  the  Medical  Journal  of 
Philadelphia.  See  Thacher's  Medical  Biography. 

Harris,  W.,  LL.D.  Elements  of  the  Chaldee  Lan 
guage,  Lon.,  1822,  8vo.  Intended  as  a  supplement  to  the 
792 


Hebrew  Grammar,  and  a  general  introduction  to  the  Ara- 
mean  dialects. 

Harris,  Sir  W.  S.  1.  Effects  of  Lightning  on  Float 
ing  Bodies,  Lon.,  4to.  2.  Nature  of  Thunder  Storms, 
1843,  8vo.  3.  Rudiments  of  Electricity,  1849,  '51,  12mo. 
4.  Rudimentary  Magnetism,  1850,  12mo.  Part  3,  1852, 
12mo.  5.  Rudimentary  Treatise  on  Galvanism.  1855, 12mo. 

Harris,  or  Harries,  Walter,  M.D.,  b.  at  Glouces 
ter,  England,  about  1647,  Physician  to  William  III.,  pub. 
a  number  of  professional  works,  1676-1727,  among  which 
is  Dissertationes  Medicse  et  Chirurgicae,  Ac.,  Lon.,  1725, 
8vo.  See  Athen.  Oxon.,  and  the  work  just  named. 

Harris,  Walter.  1.  Hist,  of  William  Henry,  Prince 
of  Nassau  and  Orange,  King  of  England,  <fcc.,  Dubl.,  1749, 
fol.  2.  Fiction  Unmasked,  relative  to  the  Irish  Rebellion 
and  Massacre,  1752,  8vo.  3.  Hibernica;  or,  some  Ancient 
Pieces  relating  to  Ireland,  1757,  fol.;  1770,  8vo.  A  work 
of  great  value.  4.  Hist,  and  Antiq.  of  Dublin,  1766,  8vo. 
Harris  edited  Sir  James  W*are's  Works  on  Ireland,  viz. : 
The  Whole  Works  of  Sir  James  Ware  concerning  Ireland, 
revised  and  improved,  1739-45,  2  vols.  fol.  The  Whole 
Works  of  Sir  James  Ware  concerning  Ireland,  trans,  into 
English,  revised  and  improved,  1764,  2  vols.  fol.  See 
Dibdin's  Lib.  Comp.,  ed.  1825,  250,  252,  258 ;  Lowndes's 
Bibl.  Man,  art.  Ware,  Sir  James. 

Harris,  Wm.,  D.D.,  1675  ?-1740,  a  Dissenting  divine, 
pastor  of  a  congregation  in  Crutched-Friars,  London,  for 
thirty  years  one  of  the  preachers  of  a  Friday  Evening 
Lecture,  and  one  of  the  continuators  of  Matthew  Henry's 
Commentary  on  the  Bible.  He  pub.  a  number  of  occa 
sional  serms.,  Ac.,  1704-37 ;  The  Life  of  Dr.  Thos.  Man- 
ton,  1725,  8vo,  and  in  Manton's  Works;  Two  Serms. 
against  Woolaston,  1728,  8vo. ;  and  the  following  series  of 
Discourses,  by  which  he  is  best  known  : — 1.  Practical  Dis 
courses  on  the  Principal  Representations  of  the  Messiah, 
1724,  8vo.  2.  Funeral  Discourses,  1736,  8vo.  Dr.  Harris 

"  Was  reckoned  the  greatest  master  of  the  English  tongue 
among  the  Dissenters.  His  style  is  plain  and  easy,  his  thoughts 
substantial."— DR.  DODDRIDGE. 

"  Ranks  among  those  who  have  embellished  our  language." — 
BOGUE  AND  BENNETT. 

Harris,  Wm.,  D.D.,  1720-1770,  a  Dissenting  divine, 
a  native  of  Salisbury,  pub.  a  number  of  valuable  biogra 
phies,  viz. :  of  Hugh  Peters,  1751,  8vo;  of  James  I.,  1753, 
8vo ;  of  Charles  I.,  1758,  8vo ;  of  Oliver  Cromwell,  1762, 
8vo ;  of  Charles  II.,  1766,  2  vols.  8vo.  New  ed.  of  all, 
with  a  Life  of  the  Author,  1814,  5  vols.  8vo.  The  "  Regal 
Biographies"  are  after  the  manner  of  Bayle :  i.  e.,  illus 
trated  with  copious  notes.  The  historical  reader  should 
not  fail  to  procure  these  invaluable  vols.  In  his  opinions 
Harris  favoured  republican  sentiments  : 

"His  reasonings  are  strongly  tinged  with  his  early  prejudices; 
but  his  facts  are,  in  general,  narrated  with  fidelity,  and  the  evi 
dence  on  both  sides  is  given  without  mutilation." 

"Crabbed  as  may  be  the  composition  and  combatable  the  opi 
nions  of  the  author,  yet  these  volumes  must  have  a  place  in  a 
well-stored  library.  Harris  is  perhaps,  with  two  exceptions,  the 
most  note-able  writer  in  the  English  language.  All  his  works  are 
professed  to  be  '  taken  from  Original  Writings  and  State  Papers.' " 
— Dibdin's  Lib.  Camp. 

Harris's  faithfulness  as  an  historian  is  endorsed  by  one 
of  the  most  eminent  of  modern  historical  students,  Prof. 
Smyth. 

Notice  of  the  Life  of  Charles  the  First : 

"  A  general  summary  of  the  particulars  of  this  reign,  not  very 
favourable  to  the  king,  will  be  found  in  Harris's  Lite  of  Charles 
the  First.  Harris  fortifies  the  positions  in  his  text,  like  Bayle,  by 
copious  notes,  which  will,  at  least,  bring  the  subject,  and  all  the 
learning  that  belongs  to  it,  in  full  review  before  the  reader." 

Notice  of  the  Life  of  Oliver  Cromwell : 

"  There  is  a  Life  of  Cromwell,  by  Harris,  in  the  manner  of  his 
other  historical  treatises,  and  equally  valuable." 

Notice  of  the  Life  of  Charles  the  Second  : 

"After  the  perusal  of  Mr.  Hume,  we  may  turn  to  the  Life  of 
Charles  the  Second,  by  Harris.  The  notes  are  full  of  information, 
and  of  particulars  which  the  reader  may  not  have  an  opportunity 
of  selecting  from  their  original  sources,  or,  indeed,  of  readily  find 
ing  in  any  other  manner." 

The  above  notices  are  taken  from  the  Lects.  on  Mod. 
Hist. 

Harris  contributed  a  paper  on  Roman  antiquities  in  G. 
Brit,  to  the  Archseol.,  1770. 

Harris,  William,  Librarian  of  the  Royal  Institution 
of  Great  Britain.  A  Catalogue  of  the  Library  of  the  Royal 
Institution,  Methodically  Arranged,  with  an  Alphabetical 
List  of  Authors,  Lon.,  1809,  8vo  ;  1821,  r.  8vo.  No  library, 
no  bibliographer,  should  be  without  this  excellent  cata 
logue.  It  has  already  come  under  our  notice.  See  BUR- 
NEY,  CHARLES,  JR.,  D.D. 

"  If  a  lucid  order,  minute  and  correct  description  of  the  volumes 
of  an  admirablv-chosen  library,  accompanied  with  a  copious  and 
faithful  alphabetical  index,  be  recommendations  with  the  biblio- 


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grapher,  the  present  volume  will  not  be  found  wanting  upon  his 
shelf.  It  is  the  most  useful  book  of  its  kind  ever  published  m 
this  country.  Let  the  bibliomaniac  hasten  to  seize  one  of  the  five 
remaining  copies  only  (out  of  the  fifty  which  were  printed)  upon 
LARGE  PAPER."— Dibdiris  Bibliomania,  ed.  1842,  99.  And  see 
Dibdin's  Lib.  Comp.,  ed.  1825. 

Harris,  William  A.,  M.D.,  U.  S.  Navy.  A  Practi 
cal  Manual  on  Diseases  of  the  Heart  and  Great  Vessels; 
trans,  from  the  French,  Phila. 

"This  is  an  excellent  epitome  of  a  large  and  important  class  of 
diseases,  especially  as  to  diagnosis."— Med.-Chir.  Rev. 

Harris,  Sir  William  Cornwallis,  Major  H.  E.  I. 
B.  C.  Engineers.  1.  Wild  Sports  in  Southern  Africa  in  1836- 
37,  1839,  Svo;  4th  ed.,  1844,  imp.  8vo;  5th  ed.,  1849,  imp. 
8vo. 

"  We  must  here  take  our  leave  of  Captain  Harris's  most  amusing 
narrative.  The  whole  of  it  will  be  read  with  great  pleasure  and 
profit.  .  .  .  The  Zoologist  will  find  in  this  book  many  valuable 
accounts  of  the  habits  of  animals  of  the  greatest  rarity;  and  the 
sportsman  will  read  of  scenes  of  the  most  stirring  description,  and 
of  shots  which  leave  nothing  more  to  be  wished  from  'eye,  hand, 
lead,  and  gunpowder.' "—ion.  Quar.  Rev.,  Ixiv.  188-232. 

2.  Game  and  Wild  Animals  of  Africa,  1839,  8vo,  £10 
10«. ;  large  paper,  £21;  2d  ed.,  1844,  imp.  Svo;  3d  ed., 
1849,  imp.  Svo.  3.  Highlands  of  Ethiopia,  2d  ed.,  1844, 
3  vols.  Svo. 

"  The  intelligent  and  animated  volumes  of  which  we  have  now 
given  a  bird's-eye  view  we  regard  as  rivalling  in  interest  and  im 
portance  any  book  of  travels  of  this  century." — Blackwootfs  Mag. 

"A  work  of  extraordinary  interest  and  value;  a  narrative  which 
will  take  a  permanent  place  in  the  library  as  the  best  authority 
ever  yet  given  to  the  world  on  all  the  subjects  to  which  it  relates." 
— Foreign  and  Colonial  Rev. 

4.  Illustrations  of  Ethiopia,  1845,  r.  4to. 
Harris,  Sir  William  Snow.  See  HARRIS,  SIR  W.  S 
Harrison,  Dr.  Threni  Hibernici,  Ac.,  Lon.,  1659, 4to 
Harrison,  Amos.  Serms.,  Ac.,  Lon. ,1724-43,  all  Svo. 
Harrison,  Benjamin,  Archdeacon  of  Maidstone, 
and  Canon  of  Canterbury.     1.  Interpret,  of  the  Rubrics, 
Lon.,  1845,  Svo.     2.  Warburtonian  Lects.  (12)  on  the  Pro 
phecies,  1849,  Svo.      3.  Serms.  on  the  English  Church, 
1850,  Svo. 

Harrison,  D.  J.,  Curate  of  St.  Peter's,  Walworth 
Serin,  on  the  Death  of  the  Duke  of  Wellington,  Lon. 
1852,  12mo. 

Harrison,  Anthony.     Poet,  works,  1794,  1806. 
Harrison,  Capt.  David.     Distressful  Voyage,  Ac 
of  C.  II.,  of  the  Sloop  Peggy,  Lon.,  1766,  Svo. 

Harrison,  Edward.     Longitude,  Lon.,  1696,  Svo. 
Harrison,  Edward,  M.D.     Profess,  treatises,  Lon. 
1782,  1810. 

Harrison,  George.  Addresses  on  the  Slave  Trade 
Education,  Ac.,  1792-1810. 

Harrison,  George.  Act  rel.  to  Land  Tax,  3d  ed. 
1802. 

Harrison,  Sir  George.     Fragments  and  Scraps  o 

History,  Ac.,  Lon.,  1834,  2  vols.  r.  4to.     Privately  printed 

Sir  George  was  a  diligent  collector  of  historical  materials 

Harrison,  Sir  George.    An  Expos,  on  the  Laws 

Ac.  of  the  Stannaries  in  Cornwall,  Lon.,  1835,  Svo. 

Harrison,  Gessner,  M.D.,  Prof,  of  Ancient  Lan 
guages  in  the  Univ.  of  Virginia.  1.  Exposition  of  Some  o 
the  Laws  of  the  Latin  Grammar,  N.  York,  1852, 12mo.  Com 
mended.  2.  On  the  Greek  Prepositions,  Phila.,  1858,  8vo 
Harrison,  Gustavus.  Agriculture  Delineated;  or 
The  Farmer's  Complete  Guide,  Lon.,  1775,  Svo.  • 

Harrison,  Rev.  J.  The  Etymological  Enchiridion 
Preston,  1823,  12mo. 

Harrison,  J.  B.  Louisiana,  Ac.  Reports,  N.  Orlean 
1839-40,  4  vols.  Svo.  See  Marvin's  Leg.  Bibl.,  372. 

Harrison,  James,  a  bookseller,  who  was  employe 
by  Lady  Hamilton  in  compiling  the  Genuine  Memoirs  o 
Lord  Viscount  Nelson,  1806,  2  vols.  8vo.  He  is  also  sup 
posed  to  be  the  editor  of  the  Correspondence  betwee 
Lord  Nelson  and  Lady  Hamilton,  1813,  2  vols.  Svo.  Se 
a  review  of  this  work  by  Lord  Brougham,  in  the  Edh 
Rev.,  xxiii.  398-410,  and  in  his  collected  Contrib.  to  Edin 
Rev.,  iii.  267-279. 

Harrison,  James.  Biography  of  Eminent  Person 
Lon.,  2  vols.  r.  Svo. 

Harrison,  John.  Yet  a  Course  at  the  Romish  Fox 
Zurich,  1543,  16mo.  Attributed  to  Bp.  John  Bale. 

Harrison,  John.  The  Messiah  already  Come,  Arnst 
1619,  4to.  Other  works,  1619,  '33,  both  4to. 

Harrison,  John,  of  Cambridge,  Mass.  On  a  Sma 
Species  of  Wasp;  Phil.  Trans.,  1751. 

Harrison,  John,  1693-1776,  an  eminent  mechani 
received  from  the  English  Government  nearly  £24,000  f< 
his  time-keepers,  by  which  great  accuracy  was  obtained  i 
the  calculations  of  longitude.  The  Principles  of  Mr.  Ha 
rison's  Time-Keeper  was  pub.,  Lon.,  1767,  4to.  For  a  li 


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f  other  publications  on  this  subject,  see  Lowndes's  Bibl. 
:an.;  Button's  Diet. ;  Annual  Register  for  1777.  As  an 
uthor,  Harrison's  style  was  so  uncouth  as  to  be  almost 
nintelligible. 

Harrison,  John,  Surgeon.  Med.  treatises,  Lon., 
785-92. 

Harrison,  John,  M.D.  Dissertatio  de  Pertuzi,  Got- 
ngae,  1793,  4to. 

Harrison,  Joseph.  1.  Prac.  in  Ct.  of  Chan.,  Lon., 
741,  2  vols.  8vo;  8th  ed.,  by  W.  Parke,  1796,  2  vols.  8vo; 
th  ed  ,  by  J.  Newland,  1808,  2  vols.  Svo.  Reprint,  Phila., 
807,  Svo.  2.  Prac.  of  Ct.  of  K.  B.  and  C.  P.,  1761,  2  vola 

Harrison,  Joseph.  Floricultural  Cabinet,  1832-52, 
1  vols.  Svo.  Mr.  H.  also  publishes  the  Gardener's  Record, 
be  Garden  Almanack,  Ac. 

Harrison,  Josiah.  1.  Laws  of  N.  Jersey,  1820-33, 
Jamden,  1833,  Svo.  2.  N.  Jersey  Supreme  Ct,  Reports, 
837-42,  4  vols.  Svo,  1839-43. 

Harrison,  Matthew,  Rector  of  Church-Oakley,  Ba- 
.ingstoke.  Hants,  and  late  Fellow  of  Queen's  Coll.,  Oxford. 
The  Risej  Progress,  and  Present  Structure  of  the  English 
.language,  Lon.,  1848,  p.  Svo;  2d  ed., Phila.,  1856. 

"  This,  both  for  philosophical  astuteness  and  a  critical  insight 
nto  and  exposition  of  our  living  tongue,  is  one  of  the  most  in- 
tructive  and  interesting  volumes  with  which  we  have  met  in  the 
ong  course  of  our  grammatical  and  lingual  labours." — Lon.  Lite- 

'CLTV  GuZ. 

"  Mr.  Harrison's  volume  contains  many  instructive  observations 
m  the  structure  of  the  language,  and  a  very  copious  and  useful 
:ollection  of  illustrations  on  most  points  connected  with  English 
jyntax  and  composition ;  but  as  regards  the  history  of  the  lan 
guage,  and  its  relation  to  the  other  members  of  the  Teutonic 
kmily,  his  work  is  far  inferior  to  that  of  Dr.  Latham,  [The  English 
Language.]  The  latter  is  in  fact  only  too  full  and  profound  for 
young  students."— Edin.  Rev.,  xcii.  338.  See  LATHAM,  R.  G. 
Harrison,  Michael.  Serms.,  Ac.,  Lon.,  1 691 ,  all  Svo. 
Harrison,  Nicholas  Bacon,  Lieut,  of  the  Marines. 
The  Travellers;  a  Comedy,  Lon.,  1788,  '89,  Svo. 
Harrison,  R.  Catholic  Protestant,  York,  1780,  Svo. 
Harrison,  R.  Serms.,  1813,  Svo. 
Harrison,  R.  Tarrant.  1.  Digested  Index  to  all 
the  Decisions  in  Cts.  of  Law  and  Equity,  Lon.,  1837-56. 
Continued  annually.  See  HARRISON,  S.  B. 

Harrison,  Ralph,  a  Unitarian  minister.  Serms., 
with  his  Life,  Ac.  by  J.  Holland,  Manchester,  1813,  Svo. 

"The  productions  of  no  ordinary  mind.  .  . .  The  style  is  perspi 
cuous  and  neat,  and  sometimes  elegant." — Lon.  Month.  Repository. 
Harrison,  Richard.     Catechisms,  1583,  Svo. 
Harrison,  Richard.     Serms.,  Lon.,  1767-81. 
Harrison,  Robert.     Serms.,  1672,  Ac. 
Harrison,  Robert.      Tempest    at   Oxford,   Oxon., 
1682,  4to. 

Harrison,  S.  B.  1.  Evidence,  Lon.,  1825,  12mo. 
2.  Analytical  Digest  of  Cases  in  H.  of  Lords,  Ac.,  1756- 
1843  ;  3d  ed.,  by  R.  Tarrant  Harrison,  1844,  4  vols.  r.  Svo. 
Continued  to  1852,  3  vols.  r.  Svo.  See  Warren's  Law  Stu 
dies,  2d  ed.,  780  ;  Marvin's  Leg.  Bibl.,  372.  3.  Woodfall's 
Treat,  on  Landlord  and  Tenant,  6th  ed.,  by  F.  L.  Wollas- 
ton,  1849,  r.  Svo;  7th  ed.,  by  Henry  Horn,  1856,  r.  Svo. 
4.  In  conjunction  with  F.  L.  Wollaston,  Reports  in  K.  B., 
Ac.,  1836-37,  2  vols.  Svo.  5.  In  conjunction  with  F.  Ed 
wards,  Nisi  Prius,  Ac.,  1S38,  2  vols.  12mo. 

Harrison,  Stephen.  The  Seven  Arches  of  Triumph 
erected  in  Honour  of  K.  James  I.,  Ac.,  Lon.,  1604,  fol. 
Very  rare.  Woodhouse,  £27  6*.  Dent,  with  a  duplicate 
series  of  the  plates  with  variations,  £31  10s.  An  analysis  of 
this  work  will  be  found  in  Nichols's  Progresses  of  James  I. 
Harrison,  Susannah.  Songs  in  the  Night,  1788; 
6th  ed.,  1800,  12mo. 

Harrison,  Thomas,  D.D.,  Chaplain  to  the  Governor 
of  Virginia,  subsequently,  in  1650,  minister  of  .St.  Dun- 
stan's-in-the-East,  London,  and  afterwards  a  preacher  in 
Dublin.  Topica  Sacra ;  or,  Some  Hints  and  Helps  to  Faith, 
Meditation,  Prayer,  Ac.,  Lon.,  1658,  Svo.  With  addits. 
by  John  Hunter,  1770,  12mo. 

"Many  striking  thoughts:  very  evangelical." — Biclcersteth's  C.  S. 
Harrison,  Thomas.     Serms.,  Ac.,  1700-65,  all  Svo. 
Harrison,  Thomas.     Botany;  Nic.  Jour.,  1805. 
Harrison,  Walter.     A  new  and   Universal  Hist., 
Descrip.,  and  Survey  of  London,  Lon.,  1775-76,  fol.     Pub. 
in  numbers.     Wanting  in  accuracy. 

Harrison,  William,  d.  1592?  Rector  of  Radwinter, 
Essex,  and  Canon  of  Windsor,  wrote  a  Historical  Descrip. 
of  the  Island  of  Britain,  prefixed  to  Holinshed's  Chronicles, 
and  a  Chronology.  The  Descrip.  of  England  is  a  valuable 
record  of  the  state  of  the  country  and  the  manners  and  cus 
toms  of  the  people  in  the  16th  century.  To  Harrison,  also, 
is  ascribed  The  Descrip.  of  Scotland,  mostly  trans,  from 
Hector  Boece,  prefixed  to  Holinshed's  Hist,  of  Scotland. 

793 


HAR 

Harrison,  William.  Certain  Serms.  upon  the  Parable 
of  the  Sower,  Lon.,  1614,  8vo. 

Harrison,  William.  The  Pilgrim,  or  the  Happy 
Convert;  a  Pastoral  Tragedy,  1709. 

Harrison,  William,  d.  1712,  Fellow  of  New  College, 
Oxford,  a  great  favourite  with  Swift,  and  secretary  to  Lord 
Raby,  ambassador  to  the  Hague,  was  the  editor  of  the  5th 
vol.  of  the  Tatler,  and  the  author  of  some  poetical  pieces 
pub.  in  Dodsley's  Collection,  Nichols's  Collection,  and 
Buncombe's  Horace. 

"  A  little  pretty  fellow,  with  a  great  deal  of  wit,  good  sense,  and 
good  nature."— DEAN  SWIFT  :  see  his  Works;  Chalmers's  Biog.  Diet. 

Harrison,  William.    Speech  in  H.  of  C.,  Lon.,  1814. 

Harrison,  William,  Rector  of  Great-Birch,  Essex. 

1.  Consecrated  Thoughts,  Lon.,  1842,  fp.  8vo;  1846,  12mo. 

2.  Serms.  on  the  Commandments,  2d  ed.,  1846,  fp.  8vo. 

3.  The  Tongue  of  Time,  1848,  12mo. 

"  This  is  a  spiritual  little  treatise,  intended  to  improve  practically 
and  devotionally  tb&  twelve  hours  of  the  day  to  the  edification  of 
the  soul." — Churchman's  Monthly  Rev. 

4.  The  Shepherd  and  his  Sheep,  2d  ed.,  1849,  12mo. 
Harrison,  General  William  Henry,  1773-1841, 
President  of  the  United  States  at  the  time  of  his  decease, 
— having  been  in  office  but  one  month, — was  a  native  of 
Charles  City  county,  Virginia,  and  the  third  son  of  Ben 
jamin  Harrison,  Governor  of  Virginia,  and  one  of  the 
signers  of  the  American  Declaration  of  Independence.  A 
Discourse  on  the  Aborigines  of  the  Valley  of  the  Ohio, 
Cin.,  1838,  8vo,  pp.  51. 

"This  pamphlet  discusses  several  important  topics  in  the  his 
tory  of  the  native  tribes  of  our  continent  with  spirit  and  ability." 
— EDWARD  EVERETT  :  N.  Amer.  Rev.,  li.  46-48,  q.  v. 

For  notices  of  biographical  sketches  of  Harrison  by 
Moses  Dawson,  James  Hall,  and  others,  see  Rich's  Bibl. 
Amer.  Nova,  ii.  162,  271,  339,  350.  See  also  Niles's  Reg., 
xiv.  185  ;  Christ.  Exam.,  xxx.  359. 

Harritson,  W.  1.  The  Fortunate  Ploughman.  2.  The 
Intendant  Emigrants;  a  Scots  Rural  Comedy,  Glasg., 
1817,  12mo. 

Harrod,  Wm.,  d.  1819,  an  alderman  of  Stamford. 
1-  The  Patriot;  a  Trag.,  Lon.,  1769,  8vo. 
"Possesses  little  or  no  merit."—  Watt's  Bill.  Brit. 
2.  Hist,  and  Antiq.  of  Stamford  and  St.  Martin's,  Stamf., 
1781,  '85,  2  vols.  12mo.  3.  Hist,  of  Mansfield  and  its 
Environs,  1801,  sm.  4to.  4.  Hist,  of  Market-Harborougb, 
Ac.,  1808,  8vo.  Mr.  H.  projected,  in  1788,  a  repub.  and 
continuation  of  Wright's  Hist,  and  Antiq.  of  Rutland;  but 
the  plan  was  not  encouraged,  and  only  two  numbers  ap 
peared.  He  also  pub.  a  facetious  political  tract  entitled 
Coke  and  Birch.  See  Miller's  Fly-Leaves,  1st  Ser.,  130, 
Lon.,  1854; 

Harrop,  Edward  Atkins.    Poems,  Lon.,1796,12mo. 
Harrowby,  Earl  of.     See  RYDER,  DUDLEY. 
Harrup,  Robert.      Chem.,  <fcc.  con.  to  Nic.  Jour., 
1801-13. 

Harry,  Blind.     See  HENRY  THE  MINSTREL. 
Harry,  George  Owen.     Genealogy  of  James,  King 
of  Great  Brittayne,  &c.,  with  his  lineal  Descent  from  Noah, 
Ac.,  Lon.,  1604,  4to. 

Harrys,  Wm.  The  Market  or  Fayre  of  Vserers ;  a 
new  Pasquillus  or  Dialogue  against  Vsurye,  Ac.,  trans, 
from  the  High  Almaigne,  Lon.,  1550,  8vo. 

Harryson,  James.  Exhortacion  to  the  Scottes, 
1547.  This  is  in  favour  of  union  with  England. 

Harsha,  David  A.,  b.  1827,  in  South  Argyle,  New 
York.  1.  Thoughts  on  the  Love  of  Christ,  as  manifested 
to  a  Lost  World,  1851. 

"  It  has  a  very  strongly-marked  experimental  character,  and  is 
fitted  to  be  at  once  a  guide  to  the  ignorant  and  inquiring,  and  a 
welcome  auxiliary  to  the  spirit  that  is  struggling  amidst  the  sor 
rows  and  conflicts  of  the.  Christian  life."— WM.  B.  SPRAGUE,  D.D. 

2.  Christ  and  Him  Crucified  the  Sum  and  Substance  of 
the  Gospel,  Ac,,  Albany,  1852.  3.  Immanuel's  Land, 
1852,  32nio.  4.  Principles  of  Hydropathy,  1852.  5.  Wan 
derings  of  a  Pilgrim,  Ac.,  1854.  6.  The  Most  Eminent 
Orators  and  Statesmen  of  Anc.  and  Mod.  Times,  N.Y.,  1855, 
8vo. 

"  An  interesting  volume.  The  selections  are  characteristic  and 
happy,  and  the  critical  and  explanatory  suggestions  and  com 
mentary  useful  and  just." — RUFUS  CHOATE. 

7.  The  Heavenly  Token,  12mo.  8.  Life  of  Charles  Sum- 
ner,  12mo.  Ed.  Classical  Library  of  Sacred  Authors,  to  be 
completed  in  24  vols.,  N.  York,  12mo. 

Harsnet,  Adam.     Theolog.  treatises,  Lon.,  1630, 4to. 

Harsnet,  Samuel,  1561-1631,  a  native  of  Colchester, 

educated  at  King's  Coll.  and  Pembroke  Hall,  Cambridge; 

Bishop  of   Chiehester,   1609;    trans,  to  Norwich,   1619; 

Archbishop  of  York,  1629.      1.  Serm.,  1584,  Lon.,  1656, 

12mo.     2.  A  Discouery  of  the  fraudulent  Practices  of  John 

794 


HAR 

Barrel,  Lon.,  1599,  4to.  3.  Declaration  of  Egregious 
Popish  Impostures,  Ac.  under  the  pretence  of  casting  out 
Devils,  1603,  4to.  From  this  work  Shakspeare  is  sup 
posed  to  have  borrowed  the  fantastical  names  of  spirits  in 
his  tragedy  of  Lear. 

"By  the  use  of  this  book  in  Lear.  Shakspeare  meant  to  ridicule 
Popery,  from  which  he  had  been  in  danger.'1 — MS.  Note  in  Mr. 
Bright' 's  copy. 

This  is  now  a  rare  book.  See  Biog.  Brit.;  Le  Neve's 
Lives  of  the  Archbishops ;  Fuller's  Ch.  Hist.,  book  xi. ; 
Strype's  Whitgift;  Lysons's  Environs. 

Harston,  Hall.  The  Countess  of  Salisbury ;  a  Trag., 
Lon.,  1767,  8vo. 

"  This  Play,  which  is  taken  from  a  Romance,  possesses  con 
siderable  merit."—  Watt's  Bibl.  Brit. 

Watt  ascribes  to  Hall  Hartston,  Youth,  a  Poem,  Lon., 
1773,  4to;  and  we  find  him  correct,  according  to  the  Lon. 
Month.  Rev. :  see  xxxvii.  392,  xlviii.  259.  But  we  con 
clude  that  both  of  above  were  written  by  Hall  Harston. 

Hart,  Colonel,  American  Consul  at  Santa  Cruz,  d. 
1855,  author  of  Marian  Coffin,  and  other  works. 

Hart,  Alexander.  The  Tragical  Hist,  of  Alexto 
and  Angelica,  Lon.,  1640,  12mo.  In  prose  and  verse. 

Hart,  Andrew,  an  early  printer  of  Scotland.  A 
trewe  Descrip.  of  the  Nobill  Race  of  the  Stewards,  Arnst., 
1601,  fol. 

Hart,  Cheney,  M.D.  Electricity;  Phil.  Trans., 
1754,  '55. 

Hart,  Edward  H.  The  Bullwark  Stormed;  in 
Answer  to  Thomas  de  Laune's  Plea  for  the  Nonconformists, 
Lon.,  1717,  8vo.  See  DELAUNE,  THOMAS. 

Hart,  or  Harte,  Henry.  1.  A  Godly  newe  short 
Treatyse,  Ac.,  Lon.,  1548,  16mo.  2.  A  Godlie  Exhorta 
tion,  1549,  8vo. 

Hart,  J.    Burning  Bush  not  Consumed,Lon.4616,Svo. 

Hart,  James,  M.D.     Profess,  treatises,  1623,  '25,  '33. 

Hart,  John.  1.  On  Orthographic,  Lon.,  1659,  8vo. 
2.  Theolog.  conference  between  J.  H.  and  John  Rainoldes, 
1584,  8vo.  See  RAINOLDS,  JOHN,  D.D. 

Hart,  John.     Starch  Factories,  Ac.,  Lon.,  1795,  8vo. 

Hart,  John  S.,  LL.D.,  b.  January  28,  1810,  at  Stock- 
bridge,  Mass.,  was  removed  to  Pennsylvania  when  only 
two  years  of  age,  educated  at  Princeton  College,  where  he 
became  Professor  of  Ancient  Languages;  in  1842  elected 
Principal  of  the  Philadelphia  High  School,  which  posi 
tion  he  resigned  in  1858.  1.  Essay  on  Spenser  and 
the  Fairy  Queen,  New  York,  1847,  8vo,  pp.  512.  New  ed., 
Phila.,  1856.  Highly  commended.  2.  Female  Prose- 
Writers  of  America,  1851,  8vo,  pp.  620.  New  ed.,  revised 
and  enlarged,  1855. 

"  It  has  enlarged  our  knowledge  a,nd  enhanced  our  favourable 
estimate  of  the  female  prose-writers  of  our  country.  It  at  the  same 
time  indicates  the  tale,  story,  or  novel,  as  the  form  of  composition 
towards  which,  with  few  exceptions,  they  tend,  and  in  which  they 
excel  alike  in  the  power  of  easy  and  fluent  narration,  and  in  the 
didactic  aim,  which  is  seldom  obtrusive  or  awkwardly  managed." 
—N.  Amer.  Rev.,  Ixxx.  261-262. 

"  Our  numerous  female  Prose-Writers  have  found  an  intelligent 
and  genial  historian  and  critic  in  Professor  Hart." — Henry  T. 
Tuckerman's  Sketch  of  Amer.  Lit. 

3.  Class-Book  of  Poetry,  1844,  12mo.  4.  Class-Book  of 
Prose,  1844,  12rno.  These  works  consist  of  Extracts  pre 
ceded  by  introductory  notices.  5.  Exposition  of  the  Con 
stitution  of  the  United  States;  for  the  use  of  Schools,  1845, 
12mo,  pp.  100.  6.  English  Grammar,  1845,  12mo,  pp.  192. 
7.  Greek  and  Roman  Mythology,  1853,  12mo,  pp.  162. 
This  is  a  Latin  Reading-Book.  Editor  of  Pennsylvania 
Common  School  Journal  for  1844;  Sartain's  Magazine  for 
1849,  '50,  and  the  first  six  months  of  1851 ;  the  Iris,  a 
very  splendid  annual  for  1850,  '51,  and  '52 ;  White's  Uni 
versal  History ;  and  many  other  works,  to  which  his  name 
has  not  been  given.  Professor  Hart  has  contributed  many 
articles  to  the  Princeton  Review,  Graham's  Magazine,  and 
other  periodicals.  His  Annual  Reports  of  the  Philadelphia 
High  School  for  the  last  fifteen  years  would  fill  several 
volumes. 

Hart,  Joseph,  minister  of  the  Grey  Friars'  Church, 
Edinburgh.  1.  Trans,  of  Herodian's  Hist,  of  his  Own 
Times,  1749,  8vo.  Privately  printed.  In  the  preface  to 
his  hymns,  Hart  expresses  much  regret  for  this  publica 
tion.  2.  Hymns,  Ac.,  with  the  Author's  Experience,  1759, 
12mo.  There  have  been  modern  eds.  of  Hart's  hymns. 
See  Dr.  Johnson's  Diary,  April  22,  1764,  in  Boswell's  Life 
of  Johnson. 

Hart,  Capt.  !L.  W»  Character  and  Costume  of 
Affghaunistan,  Lon.,  1843,  imp.  fol.  With  26  plates  on 
stone,  by  Haghe.  Pub.  at  £4  4*. 

Hart,  Levi,  D.D.,  minister  of  Preston,  Conn.,  d.  1808, 
aged  69.  Serins.,  1774,  '86,  '89,  1803. 


HAR 

These  very  useful  lectures  were  originally  preached  to  a  con 
gregation  of  Negroes;  they  are  eminently  characterized  by  sim 
plicity  of  language,  yet  without  debasing  the  importance  of  the 
subjects  discussed  by  improper  familiarity  of  expression." — Home's 
Bibl.  Bib. 

Hartford,  Frances,  Countess  of,  afterwards 
Duchess  of  Somerset.  Her  Corresp.  with  Henrietta  Louisa, 
Countess  of  Pomfret,  1738-41,  Lon.,  1805,  3  vols.  12mo. 

Hartgill,  or  Hartgyll,  George.  1.  Generall  Calen 
dars;  or,  Astron.  Tables,  Lon.,  1594,  fol.  2.  Astron.  Ta 
bles,  4to. 

Hartland.  Intestate's  Personal  Estate,  1798. 
Hartley,  David,  M.D.,  1705-1757,  a  native  of  Arm- 
ley,  Yorkshire,  was  educated  at  Jesus  College,  Cambridge, 
of  which  he  became  Fellow.  He  settled  as  a  physician 
first  at  Newark,  afterwards  at  Bury-St.-Edmund's,  subse 
quently  at  London,  and  finally  at  Bath.  He  pub.  some 
tracts  upon  Mrs.  Stephens's  famous  medicine  for  the  stone, 
— of  which  he  was  a  victim, — and  some  other  professional  ' 
treatises,  but  is  best  known  by  his  Observations  on  Man, 
his  Frame,  his  Duty,  and  his  Expectations,  Lon.,  1749,  2 
vols.  8vo.  Repub.  by  his  son,  1791,  4to,  with  Notes  and 
Additions,  from  the  German  of  H.  A.  Pistorius,  Rector  of 
Poseritz,  in  the  Island  of  Rugen,  and  a  sketch  of  the  Life 
and  Character  of  Dr.  Hartley.  Again,  with  additions,  by 
Dr.  Joseph  Priestley,  1801,  3  vols.  8vo. 

"  This  is  the  most  valuable  edition  of  this  excellent  work."— 
DR.  PRIESTLKY. 

In  1775,  8vo,  appeared  Hartley's  Theory  of  the  Human 
Mind,  on  the  Principle  of  the  Association  of  Ideas;  with 
Essays  relating  to  the  Subjects  of  it,  by  Joseph  Priestley, 
LL.D.  Again,  1790,  8vo.  Hartley's  philosophical  theory 
"Regards  the  brain,  the  nerves,  and  the  spinal  marrow,  as  the 
direct  instruments  of  sensation.  External  objects,  he  conceives, 
excite  vibrations  in  these  medullary  cords,  which  vibrations,  once 
communicated,  are  kept  up  by  a  certain  elastic  fluid  called  ether. 
After  a  sufficient  repetition  of  these  vibrations,  the  sensations  leave 
behind  them  types  and  images  of  themselves.  Frequent  repetition 
excites  association,  and  association  in  its  turn  imparts  to  any  one 
idea  the  power  of  exciting  all  the  related  ideas,— a  power  which 
belongs  likewise  to  the  vibratiundes  and  their  miniature  images. 
Upon  this  principle  and  theory  of  association,  he  attempts  to  ac 
count  for  all  the  phenomena  of  the  mental  constitution  of  man." 
The  hypothesis  of  vibrations,  it  is  well  known,  has  been 
completely  overthrown  by  Haller's  demonstration  that 
there  can  be  no  such  thing  as  vibrations  in  the  nervous 
system.  Priestley  endeavours  to  prove  that  Hartley  was 
a  materialist  like  himself:  but  Hartley  "dreaded  nothing 
so  much"  as  this  imputation,  though  certainly  he  is  to  be 
read  with  caution,  and  cannot  be  proposed  as  a  sound  guide 
in  theology.  As  regards  his  obligations  as  a  philosopher 
to  Newton,  Locke,  Gay,  and  even  to  Aristotle,  and  how  far 
he  concurs  with  Hobbes,  can  be  ascertained  by  an  exami 
nation  of  the  authorities  referred  to  below.  As  an  expo 
sitor  of  the  "  Law  of  Association" — we  use  the  term  Law 
not  without  scruple — Hartley  is  certainly  entitled  to  some 
credit,  and  he  has  been  fully  paid.  We  quote  some  opi 
nions  respecting  his  philosophical  speculations  as  displayed 
in  the  Observations  on  Man  : 

"  Something  was  done  in  this  field  of  knowledge  by  Descartes, 

—  „  ,  „  very  much  by  Mr.  Locke,  but  most  of  all  by  Dr.  Hartley,  who  has 

"The  life  of  this  extraordinary  man  [Gustavus  Adolphus]  has  |  thrown  more  useful  light  upon  the  theory  of  the  mind,  than  New- 


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Hart,  Levi,  and  V.  R.  Osborn.  The  Works  of  P. 
Virfilius  M;iro,  <fcc.,  with  an  Interlinear  Translation,  <fcc., 
Ball,  1833,  12mo.  New  ed.,  Phila.,  1855,  12mo.  See 
HAMILTON,  JAMES. 

Hart,  Oliver,  1723-1795,  a  minister  of  Charleston, 
S.C.,  a  native  of  Pennsylvania,  pub.  several  serms.  and 
tracts,  1789,  Ac. 

Harr,  Richard.  The  Importance  of  the  Word  of 
God ;  the  substance  of  two  Serms.,  Brist,  1767,  8vo. 

Hart,  Richard.     Serm.,  1804. 

Hart,  Richard,  Vicar  of  Catton,  in  the  Diocese  of 
Norwich.  1.  Medulla  Conciliorum,  Ac.,  446-1548,  Norw., 
1833,  8vo.  2.  Materialism  Refuted.  3.  Eccles.  Records 
of  Eng.,  Ireland,  and  Scot.,  from  the  5th  Cent,  to  the 
Reform.,  2d  ed.,  Camb.,  1846,  8vo. 

"This  work  is  a  digest  of  the  contents  of  Wilkins  and  Spel- 
man's  Concilia,  arranged  under  various  heads,  and  illustrated 
with  notes  exhibiting  considerable  research." — English  Review. 

Hart,  Sir  William,  Lord  Chief-Justice  of  Scotland. 
Examination,  &c.  of  G.  Sprot,  Lon.,  1608,  4to.  This  tract, 
relating  to  the  Gowry  Conspiracy,  is  reprinted  in  vol  ix. 
of  the  Harleian  Miscellany. 

Hart,  William,  minister  of  Saybrook,  Conn.,  pub. 
several  theolog.  treatises,  1759-72. 

Hart,  William.  Alexis  the  Tyrant;  a  Tale,  1812, 
12mo. 

Hart,  William  Neville.  The  Goodness  of  God;  a 
Poem,  and  Pious  Meditations,  Lon.,  1808,  8vo. 

Hartcliife,  John.     Serms.,  &c.,  1684-95. 

Harte,  George.  Needfulnesse  of  Peace  in  Fraunce, 
Ac.,  Lon.,  1575,  8vo.  Trans,  from  the  French. 

Harte,  Walter,  b.  about  1700,  d.  1774,  was  educated 
at  Marlborough  School,  and  at  St.  Mary's  Hall,  Oxford,  of 
which  he  became  Vice-Principal ;  Canon  of  Windsor,  1751  ; 
subsequently  Vicar  of  St.  Austel  and  of  St.  Blazy,  Corn 
wall.  1.  Poems  on  Several  Occasions,  Lon.,  1727,  '39,  8vo. 

2.  Essay  on  Satire,  particularly  on  the  Dunciad,  1730,  8vo. 

3.  Essay  on  Reason,  1735,  fol.     To  this  essay  Pope  was  a 
contributor.     4.  The  Union  of  Reason,  Morality,  and  Re 
vealed  Religion  ;  a  Serm.,  1737,  8vo.     This  passed  through 
five  eds.    5.  A  Fast  Serm.,  1740.    6.  The  Hist,  of  Gustavus 
Adolphus,  King  of  Sweden,  surnamed  the  Great,  1759,  2 
vols.  4to;  1767,  2  vols.  8vo;  1807,  2  vols.  r.  8vo.     This 
work  was  trans,  into  German,  with   a  Pref.,  Notes,  and 
Corrections,  by  John  Gottlieb  Bohme. 

"  Johnson  much  commended  him  as  a  scholar,  and  a  man  of  the 
most  companionable  talents  he  had  ever  known.  He  said  the 
defects  in  his  History  proceeded  not  from  imbecility,  but  from 
foppery.  ...  It  was  unlucky  in  coming  out  on  the  same  day  as 

Robertson's  History  of  Scotland Mr.  Eliot  said  it  was  a  very 

good  book  in  the  German  translation." — Boswell's  Life  of  Dr. 
Johnson. 

"  A  work  strongly  commended  by  Lord  Chesterfield  on  the  score 
of  matter.  The  style  is  literally  execrable."— Dibdin's  Lib.  Comp. 

Robertson's  Hist,  of  Scotland  was  pub.  a  month  before 
this,  but  Hume's  House  of  Tudor  came  out  in  the  same  week. 

"  George  Hawkins,  his  bookseller,  we  are  told,  sometimes  objected 
to  his  uncouth  words  or  phrases,  while  the  wortt  was  in  the  press ; 
but  Harte  refused  to  change  them,  and  used  fb  add,  with  a  com 
placent  sneer,  'George,  that's  what  we  call  writing!'" 


been  written  by  Mr.  Harte  with  great  activity  of  research,  and  a 
scrupulous  examination  of  his  materials,  which  are  understood  to 
be  the  best,  though  they  are  not  sufficiently  particularized.  The 
book  will  disappoint  the  reader;  Mr.  Harte  writes  often  with  sin 
gularly  bad  taste,  and  never  with  any  masterly  display  of  bis  sub 
ject  ;  but  it  may  be  compared  with  Coxe,  and  must  be  considered." 
— Prof.  Smyth's  Lects.  on  Mod.  Hist. 

7.  Essays  on  Husbandry,  1764,  8vo;  1770,  8vo. 

"  His  husbandry  is  good."— DR.  JOHNSON  :  Boswell's  Life  of 
Johnson. 

"  This  is  the  book  of  a  scholar  and  a  gentleman ;  and  is  attractive 
from  the  variety  and  interest  of  the  subjects  treated  of,  its  learn 
ing,  and  good  taste."— McCtdloch's  Lit.  of  IWt.  Econ. 

"  With  very  few  exceptions,  distinguished  for  perspicuity  of 
style,  and  far  more  elegance  than  that  subject  is  generally  sup 
posed  to  admit." 

"The  essays  have  always  been  reckoned  good:  our  own  opinion 
can  say  nothing  of  them." — Donaldson's  Agricult.  Biog. 

8.  The  Amaranth,  1767.     The  poems  in  this  vol.  are 
illustrated  by  extracts  from  the  Fathers.     9.   Essay  on 
Painting. 

'•So  much  knowledge  of  the  art,  and  acquaintance  with  the 
works  of  the  most  eminent  painters,  argues  a  taste  surprising  at 
his  early  age." 

See  Chesterfield's  Letters  and  Miscellanies;  Boswell's 
Life  of  Johnson;  Bowles's  ed.  of  Pope;  Johnson  and 
Chalmers's  English  Poets,  1810,  21  vols.;  Chalmers's 
Biog.  Diet. ;  Gent.  Mag. 

Harte,  William  Marshall,  Examining  Chaplain  to 
Dr.  Coleridge,  Bishop  of  Barbadoes,  and  Rector  of  St. 
Lucy.  1.  Practical  Serms.,  Lon.,  1839,  12mo.  2.  Lects. 
on  the  Gospel  of  St  Matt.,  1831-34,  2  vols.  12mo. 


ton  did  upon  the  theory  of  the  natural  world." — DR.  PRIESTLEY  : 
Remarks  on  Reid,  Beattie,  and  Oswald,  1774. 

"Johnson,  one  day,  observing  a  friend  of  his  packing  up  two 
volumes  of  Observations  on  Man,  written  by  this  good  and  great 
man,  to  take  into  the  country,  said,  '  Sir.  you  do  right  to  take  Dr. 
Hartley  with  you ;  Priestley  said  of  him,  that  he  had  learned  more 
from  Hartley  than  from  any  book  he  had  ever  read,  except  the 
Bible.'  "—Boswell's  Life  of  Johnson. 

"  Hartley  has  investigated  the  principle  of  Association  more 
deeply,  explained  it  more  accurately,  and  applied  it  more  usefully, 
than  even  his  great  and  venerable  predecessor,  Mr.  Locke." — DR. 
PARR  :  Serm.  on  Education,  1774. 

"  The  writer  who  has  built  most  upon  Hobbes,  and  may  be 
reckoned,  in  a  certain  sense,  the  commentator,  if  he  who  fully 
explains  and  developes  a  system  may  deserve  that  name,  was 
Hartley." — Hattam's  Lit.  Hist,  of  Europe,  q.  v. 

"  That  there  is  great  value  to  be  attached  to  much  which  Hartley 
has  drawn  from  the  law  of  association,  and  that  he  has  afforded 
an  explanation  of  many  phenomena,  before  very  imperfectly  un 
derstood,  cannot  be  denied.  The  very  ardour,  however,  with 
which  he  threw  himself  into  his  system,  and  the  very  closeness 
with  which  he  analyzed  the  facts  in  the  case,  necessarily  imparted 
a  one-sidedness  to  his  philosophy,  and  led  to  the  neglect  of  some 
other  facts  equally  important,"— MoreWs  Hist,  of  Mod.  Philos. 

"It  is  the  first  attempt  to  join  the  study  of  intellectual  man  to 
that  of  physical  man."— Cousin's  Hist,  of  Mod.  Philos.,  O.  W.  Wight's 
Trans. 

Cousin  is  a  high  authority, — but  does  he  not  forget  philo 
sophic  caution  when   he  styles  Hartley's  the  "first  at 
tempt"  ?     We  offer  no  counter-statement,  but  we  think  it 
exceedingly  hazardous  to  pretend  to  designate  "  the  first 
;  attempt"  in  any  branch  of  human  speculation.     We  havo 
i  ventured  to  hint  some  doubts  respecting  the  extraordinary 


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merit  which  has  been  claimed  for  Hartley's  speculations  ; 
and,  if  we  err  here,  we  err  with  great  examples : 

"  The  capital  fault  of  Hartley  is  that  of  a  rash  generalization, 
which  may  prove  imperfect,  and  which  is  at  least  premature.  All 
attempts  to  explain  or  instruct  by  this  principle  have  hitherto 
been  unavailing.  Many  of  the  most  important  processes  of  rea 
soning  have  not  hitherto  been  accounted  for  by  it." — Sin  JAMES 
MACKINTOSH  :  2d  Prelim.  Dissert,  to  Encyc.  Brit. 

"  The  intentions  of  both  [Bonnet  and  Hartley]  are  allowed,  by 
those  who  best  knew  them,  to  have  been  eminently  pure  and 
worthy ;  but  it  cannot  be  said  of  either,  that  his  metaphysical 
writings  have  contributed  much  to  the  instruction  or  to  the  im 
provement  of  the  public.  On  the  contrary,  they  have  been  in 
strumental  in  spreading  a  set  of  speculative  tenets  very  nearly 
allied  to  that  sentimental  and  fantastical  modification  of  Spinoz- 
ism  which  for  many  years  past  has  prevailed  so  much  and  pro 
duced  such  mischievous  effects  in  some  parts  of  Germany." — 
DUGALD  STEWART  :  1st  Prelim.  Dissert,  to  Encyc.  Brit. 

Bishop  Watson  reprinted  in  his  Collection  of  Tracts  one 
on  the  Truth  of  the  Christian  Religion,  prefaced  by  the 
remark : 

"  This  tract  is  printed  from  the  second  volume  of  Dr.  Hartley's 
Observations  on  Man ;  it  is  written  with  singular  closeness  of 
thought,  and  to  be  well  understood  must  be  read  with  great  at 
tention." — BISHOP  WATSON. 

Consult  authorities  cited  above ;  and  see  also  Life  by  his 
son,  prefixed  to  his  Observations  on  Man,  ed.  1791,  4to; 
Reid's  Essays  on  the  Intellectual  Powers ;  Blakey's  Hist, 
of  Mod.  Phi'los. ;  Dr.  E.  Williams's  Christian  Preacher,  ed. 
1843,  p.  337;  Watson's  Hist,  of  Halifax;  Cunningham's 
Biog.  Hist,  of  England;  Chalmers's  Biog.  Diet. 

Hartley,  David,  M.P.,  d.  at  Bath,  in  1813,  aged  84, 
a  son  of  the  preceding,  was  one  of  the  plenipotentiaries 
appointed  to  treat  with  Dr.  Franklin,  the  American  am 
bassador  at  Paris.  Some  of  his  letters  will  be  found  in 
Franklin's  Correspondence.  Hartley  possessed  some  scien 
tific  knowledge,  and  was  the  author  of  several  inven 
tions.  He  pub.  some  political  tracts,  Letters  on  the 
American  War,  (to  which  he  was  opposed,)  Ac.,  1776-94. 

Hartley,  J.  Serms.  addressed  to  Congregations  on 
the  Continent,  Lon.,  1840,  12mo. 

"  A  volume  from  the  elegant  pen  of  that  amiable  and  devoted 
minister  of  our  Lord." — Lon.  Congreg.  Mag. 

Hartley,  James.     Two  Discourses,  Lon.,  1775,  8vo. 

Hartley,  John.  Catalogus  universalis  Librorum  in 
omni  Facultate  Linguaque  insignium  et  rarissimorum, 
Lon.,  1701,  8vo. 

Hartley,  John.  Presbyterian  Ordination,  Ac.. 
1714,  '16. 

Hartley,  Ralph.    Philos.  Questions,  Lon.,  1799,  8vo. 

Hartley,  Thomas,  1707-1784,  Rector  of  Winwick, 
Northamptonshire,  pub.  treatises  on  Enthusiasm,  the 
Mystic  Writers,  some  serms.,  Ac.,  and  trans,  some  of  the 
writings  of  Swedenborg  into  English. 

Hartlib,  Samuel,  the  son  of  a  Polish  merchant, 
emigrated  to  London  in  the  17th  century,  and  engaged 
in  a  mercantile  agency.  He  was  a  man  of  great  public 
spirit,  much  practical  wisdom,  and  greatly  esteemed  by 
his  contemporaries.  Milton  addressed  to  him  his  Tractate 
on  Education,  about  1646;  Sir  Wm.  Petty  inscribed  to 
him  Two  Letters  on  the  same  subject,  1647,  Ac. ;  and 
there  are  other  such  evidences  of  the  high  respect  in  which 
he  was  held  at  home  and  abroad.  He  was  the  author  of 
eome  theological  and  educational  treatises,  and  several 
works  on  husbandry  were  pub.  in  bis  name.  Those  which 
we  have  numbered  1,  2,  and  3,  in  the  list  which  follows, 
were  written  by  others. 

1.  The  Discourse  of  Husbandry  used  in  Brabant  and 
Flanders,  Lon.,  1645,  '50,  4to.  2.  Legacy ;  an  enlarge 
ment  of  the  above,  1651,  '52,  '55,  4to.  3.  The  Reformed 
Husbandman,  1651,  4to.  4.  Essay  on  the  Advancement 
of  Husbandry  and  Learning,  Ac.,  1651,  4to.  5.  The  Com 
plete  Husbandman,  1659,  4to.  He  pub.  two  treatises— 
1653  and  '54— on  the  Silk-Worm  in  Virginia.  See 
Warton's  Milton;  Censura  Literaria;  Gent,  Mag.,  Ixxii. 
12 ;  Harte  s  Essays  on  Agriculture ;  Donaldson's  Agricult. 
Biog. 

Hartman,  George.  Medical  works,  1682,  '96,  both 
8vo.  See  DIGBY,  SIR  KENELM. 

Martin*     Earfchquake,  Ac. ;    Phil.  Trans., 

Hartshorn,  C.  W.    N.  Eng.  Sheriff,  1844,  12mo. 
Hartshorn,  John.    Commercial  Tables,  Bost.,  1853, 

Hartshorn,  Thomas  C.  Trans,  of  J.  P.  p.  De 
Leuze's  Prac.  Instruc.  in  Animal  Magnetism  :  with  Notes 
and  addits.,  N.  York,  12mo. 

Hartshorne,  Caroline  Ellen.  For  You  Know 
Whom ;  or,  Our  School  at  Pineville,  Bost.,  1855  18mo 

Hartshorne,  Rev.  Charles  H.  1.  Ancient  Me 
trical  Tales,  Lon.,  p.  8vo.  2.  The  Book  Rarities  in  the 
796 


Univ.  of  Cambridge ;  illust.  by  Orig.  Letters  and  Notes, 
Biog.  Lit,  and  Antiq.,  1829,  Svo. 

"This  interesting  bibliographical  book  contains  letters  of  Far 
mer.  Steevens,  &c.,  Capell's  Shaksperiana  complete,  a  list  (the  only 
one)  of  the  paintings  and  drawings  bequeathed  to  the  University 
by  Lord  Fitzwilliam." 

3.  Salopia  Antiqua,  1841,  8vo,  and  large  paper.  4. 
Sepulchral  Remains  in  Northamptonshire,  1841,  Svo.  5. 
Hist.  Memorials  of  Northampton,  1848,  12ino.  See  Dib- 
din's  Lib.  Comp.,  ed.  1825,  672,  673,  690. 

Hartshorne,  Edward,  M.D.,  b.  1818,  in  Philadel 
phia,  a  son  of  the  distinguished  physician  of  the  same 
name.  1.  Medical  Jurisprudence,  by  Alfred  S.  Taylor, 
M.D. ;  3d  Amer.  from  the  4th  Eng.  ed.,  with  Notes  and 
References  to  Amer.  Decisions,  Phila.,  1854,  r.  Svo.  4th 
Amer.  from  the  5th  Eng.  ed.,  1856,  r.  Svo.  These  eds.  em 
brace  the  notes  of  Dr.  R.  E.  Griffith  to  the  former  Amer. 
ed.,  and  some  new  matter. 

"  So  well  is  this  work  known  to  the  members  both  of  the  medi 
cal  and  legal  professions,  and  so  highly  is  it  appreciated  by  them, 
that  it  cannot  be  necessary  for  us  to  say  a  word  in  its  commenda 
tion;  its  having  already  reached  a  fourth  edition  being  the  best 
possible  testimony  in  its  favour.  The  author  has  obviously  sub 
jected  the  entire  work  to  a  very  careful  revision."— Brit,  and  For. 
Med.-Chirurg.  Rev. 

2.  Ophthalmic  Medicine  and  Surgery,  by  T.  Wharton 
Jones ;  2d  Amer.  from  the  2d  Eng.  ed.,  with  addits.,  1S56, 
12mo.  3.  Contributions  to  the  Amer.  Jour,  of  the  Medical 
Sciences,  the  Phila.  Medical  Examiner,  and  the  Phila. 
Journal  of  Prison  Discipline  and  Philanthropy.  Four 
numbers  (pub.  in  1848-49)  of  the  last-named  periodical 
were  edited  by  Dr.  H.,  and  several  of  the  articles  written 
by  him.  His  contributions  to  the  medical  journals  above 
noticed  were  written  at  various  periods  from  1840  to  the 
present  time. 

Hartshorne,  Henry,  M.D.,  brother  of  above,  b.  1823, 
in  Phila.  1.  Water  v.  Hydropathy,— Thesis  on  water  in 
its  true  relations  to  medicine,  Phila.,  1847.  2.  Contribu 
tions  to  Am.  Jour.  Med.  Sci.,  and  to  Phila.  Med.  Exam. 
3.  Prize  Essay  on  the  Arterial  Circulation ;  Transac.  of 
Am.  Med.  Association,  1856. 

Hartshorne,  Joseph,  M.D.,  father  of  above,  b.  1779, 
in  Alexandria,  Va.  1.  First  Am.  ed.  of  Boyer's  Lectures 
On  Diseases  of  the  Bones;  arranged  by  Richeraud  and 
translated  by  Dr.  Farrell,  London;  with  an  Appendix  and 
additional  plates  by  S.  H.,  Phila.,  1895.  2.  Contributions 
to  the  Eclectic  Repertory,  and  the  Medical  Recorder,  both 
of  Phila. 

Hartston,  Hall.  Youth;  a  Poem,  Lon.,  1773,  4to. 
See  HAUSTON,  HALL. 

Hartstonge,  Matthew  W.     Poet,  works,  1813-16. 

Hartwell,  Abraham.  Regina  Literata,  Ac.,  Lon., 
1565,  8vo.  He  also  pub.  some  translations  from  history, 
travels,  Ac.,  1595-1603,  and  was  the  author  of  some  anti 
quarian  papers  on  Mottos  and  Epitaphs,  in  Hearne's  Col- 
lec.,  1771,  i.  208;  ii.  375. 

Hartwig,  George,  M.D.  Sea  Bathing  and  Sea  Air, 
Lon.,  1853,  fp.  Svo. 

"  We  recommend  it  to  the  attention  of  bathers  of  all  descrip 
tions." — Lon.  Med.  Times. 

Harty,  Wm.,  M.D.  Dysentery,  Lon.,  1805,  Svo; 
2d  ed.,  1847,  Svo. 

Harty,  Wm.    Assumpsit,  Ac.,  Dubl.,  1842,  Svo. 

Harvest,  George,  d.  1776,  Fellow  of  Magdalen 
Coll.,  Camb.,  and  Rector  of  Drayton,  Middlesex.  1. 
Serm.,  Lon.,  1746,  4to.  2.  Serms.  at  Lady  Moyer's  Lect. 
Ac.,  1763,  8vo. 

"Among  the  few  valuable  performances  which  do  honour  to 
the  age  and  bid  fair  for  the  approbation  of  posterity."— Lon. 
Critical  Rev. 

Harvest,  Wm.  Trans,  of  Fauchet's  Discourse  on  the 
Liberty  of  France,  Lon.,  1789,  Svo. 

Harvey,  D.  W.     Public  Amusements,  1805. 

Harvey,  Gabriel,  LL.D.,  1545  P-1630  ?  an  excellent 
English  and  Latin  poet,  equally  well  known  as  the  friend 
of  Spenser  and  as  the  enemy  of  Nash,  was  educated  at 
Christ's  College  and  at  Pembroke  Hall,  Cambridge,  and 
in  1585  became  Doctor  of  Laws.  The  following  are  his 
principal  English  publications: — 1.  Three  proper  and 
wittie  Familiar  Letters:  lately  passed  betweene  two  Vni- 
uersitie  Men,  Lon.,  1580,  4to.  Bibl.  Anglo-Poet,,  344, 
£30.  The  University  men  were  himself  and  Edmund 
Spenser.  2.  Fovre  Letters  and  certaine  Sonnets,  1592, 
4to.  Bibl.  Anglo-Poet,  £25.  Reprinted  in  the  Archaica. 
This  contains  many  literary  notices  of  his  contempora 
ries,  and  is  therefore  of  great  value  to  the  antiquary. 
3.  Pierces  Supererogation ;  or,  anew  Prayse of  the  Old  Asse, 
!  1593,  4to.  4.  A  New  Letter  of  Notable  Contents,  1593, 
4to.  The  two  last,  bound  in  one  vol.,  produced,  at  the 
Bindley's  sale,  £17  17*.  The  same  vol.  is  now  (1856) 


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offered  by  Mr.  Joseph  Lilly,  of  London,  for  £8  18s.  5d.,  j 
exactly  one-half.     Harvey's  poem  of  Hobbinol,  prefixed  ! 
to   Spenser's  Faerie   Queene,   has    been    highly  praised,  j 
Harvey   was   fond   of  using   the   Latin    versification   in 
English  poetry,  and  exerted  his  influence  with  his  illus 
trious  friend  to  induce  him  to  follow  his  example  : 

"  I  like  your  English  Hexameters  so  well,  that  I  also  enure  my 
pen  sometimes  in  that  kind." — EDMUND  SPENSER  :  in  a  letter  to 
Harvey. 

Respecting  Harvey,  his  publications  and  his  literary 
quarrels,  see  Athen.  Oxon. ;  Webbe's  Discourse  of  Eng. 
Poets;  Berkenhout's  Biog.  Lit. ;  Beloe's  Anec.  of  Lit., 
<tc. ;  Todd's  Life  of  Spenser;  Warton's  Hist,  of  Eng. 
Poet. ;  Drake's  Shakspeare  and  his  Times ;  Disraeli's 
Calamities  of  Authors ;  Brit.  Bibliographer ;  Censura 
Literaria;  Hallam's  Lit.  Hist,  of  Europe;  Archaiea; 
Bibl.  Anglo-Poet.;  Brydges's  Phillips's  Theat.  Poet.; 
Watt's  Bibl.  Brit. ;  Lowndes's  Bibl.  Man. 

'•  His  [Webbe's]  taste  is  better  shown  in  his  praise  of  Spenser 
for  the  Shepherd's  Kalendar.  than  of  Gabriel  Harvey  for  his  re 
formation  of  our  English  verse;  that  is,  by  forcing  it  into  uncouth 
Latin  measures,  which  Webbe  has  himself  most  unhappily  at 
tempted."—  IMlam's  Lit.  Hist,  of  Europe. 

"The  literature  and  moral  character  of  Harvey  were  highly 
respectable;  but  he  was  vain,  credulous,  affected,  and  pedantic." 
—Drake's  Shakspeare  and  his  Times. 

Harvey,  George.  Ossian's  Fingal  rendered  into 
English  Verse,  Lon.,  1814,  Svo. 

Harvey,  George.  Mathemat.  con.  to  Thorn.  Ann. 
Philos.,  1817. 

Harvey,  Gideon,  M.D.,  d.  1700,  Physician  of  the 
Tower  of  London  for  above  fifty  years,  pub.  a  number  of 
profess,  works,  1665-99.  He  carried  on  an  active  war 
with  the  College  of  Physicians. 

"His  Medical  Treatises  have  never  been  in  any  esteem.  Haller 
styles  him  ASPER  HOMO;  and  certainly  the  general  character  of 
his  Writings  is  asperity."—  Watt's  Bibl.  Brit.,  q.  v. 

Harvey,  H.,  b.  1821,  in  England.  Memoir  of  the 
Eev.  Alfred  Bennett,  N.  York,  1852,  12mo. 

Harvey,  James.  Prognostical  Signs  of  Acute  Dis 
eases,  Lon.,  1706,  '20,  Svo. 

Harvey,  James.      Orders,  <fec.  for  Justices  of  the 
Peace,  Lon.,  1733,  '34,  '51,  12mo. 
Harvey,  Jane.     Novels,  1802-14. 
Harvey,  John,  a  younger  brother  of  Gabriel  and 
Richard    Harvey,    pub.    some    astrolog.    treatises,    Lon., 
1584-88. 

Harvey,  John.  1.  Hist,  of  Robert  Bruce,  Edin., 
1729,  4to.  2.  Poems  and  Letters,  1726,  12mo. 

Harvey,  Richard,  a  brother  of  Gabriel  and  John 
Harvey,  pub.  an  astrolog.  Discourse,  Lon.,  1583,  Svo,  and 
some  other  treatises,  1583-93. 

Harvey,  Richard,  Preb.  of  St.  Paul's,  Rural  Dean 
and  Rector  of  Hornsey,  Middlesex.  Serm.,  Mark  ii.  27, 
28.  The  Christian  entitled  to  Legal  Protection  in  the 
Observance  of  the  Lord's  Day.  The  sermon  we  never 
read,  but  the  subject  is  an  excellent  one.  When  Sir  John 
Barnard  was  chief-magistrate  of  London  he  "  made  the 
runagates  continue  in  scarceness." 

Harvey,  T.     Cyphering-Book,  1814,  4to. 
Harvey,  Thomas.     Trans,  of  John  Owen's  Latine 
Epigrams,  Lon.,  1677,  12mo. 

Harvey,  Rev.  Thomas.  Appeal  to  Lord  John 
Russell,  M.P.,  against  the  proceedings  of  the  Bp.  of  Lon 
don,  Lon.,  1847,  Svo. 
Harvey,  W.  C.  Poems,  1818. 
Harvey,  William.  Serms.,  1657-1705. 
Harvey,  William,  M.D.,  1578-1657,  the  discoverer 
of  the  circulation  of  the  blood,  a  native  of  Folkestone, 
Kent,  was  educated  at  Cains  College,  Cambridge,  and  sub 
sequently  studied  anatomy  at  Padua  under  the  celebrated 
Fabricius  ab  Aquapendente.  In  1602  he  returned  to 
England;  in  1615  was  appointed  Prof,  of  Anatomy  and 
Surgery  to  the  Royal  College  of  Physicians;  and  about 
1616  to  1619  publicly  stated  the  great  discovery  which 
has  conferred  upon  him  such  celebrity,  but  the  announce 
ment  of  which  was  received  with  unsparing  ridicule  and 
for  more  than  twenty  years  provoked  unrelenting  persecu 
tion.  His  exposition  of  his  theory  was  not  pub.  until 
1628  :  it  is  entitled  Exercitatio  Anatomica  de  Motu  Cordis 
et  Sanguinis  Circulatione,  Francf.,  4to.  His  Exercita- 
tiones  de  Generatione  Animalium  was  pub.  in  1651,  Lon., 
4to.  This  valuable  work  would  have  been  much  more 
complete,  had  it  not  been  for  the  loss  of  the  author's 
papers,  relating  principally  to  the  generation  of  insects. 
This  loss,  which  occurred  when  his  house  was  plundered 
during  the  Civil  Wars,  he  feelingly  deplores  many  years 
after  the  event.  Harvey  contributed  to  Phil.  Trans.  (1669) 
an  Anatomical  Account  concerning  Thomas  Parr,  who 
died  at  the  age  of  152  years  and  9  months.  In  1654,  on 


the  resignation  of  Dr.  Prujean,  Harvey  was  unanimously 
nominated  as  his  successor  in  the  Presidency  of  the  Col 
lege  of  Physicians;  but  his  advanced  age  and  bodily  in 
firmities  induced  him  to  decline  the  proffered  honour.  An 
ed.  of  his  works — Opera  Omnia,  <fcc. — was  pub.  in  1737, 
Lugd.  Bat.,  2  vols.  4to;  but  a  better  ed.,  with  a  Life  of  the 
Author,  in  Latin,  by  Dr.  Lawrence,  was  issued  by  the  College 
of  Physicians  in  1766,  Lon.,  2  vols.  4to.  A  new  ed.  of  his 
works  was  pub.  by  the  Syd.  Soc.,  1846-47,  pp.  624.  The 
Latin  style  of  Dr.  Harvey  has  been  greatly  admired  for  its 
perspicuity,  fluency,and  elegance.  There  were  many  attempts 
to  deprive  this  great  man  of  the  credit  of  his  discovery;  but 
by  modern  writers  (if  we  except  Dr.  Win.  Hunter,  see  his 
Two  Introduc.  Lects.  to  his  Anat.  Lects.,  1784,  4to,  and 
Dr.  J.  R.  Coxe)  his  claim  has  been  honourably  allowed. 

As  regards  the  value  of  Harvey's  discovery  as  con 
trasted  with  the  results  of  previous  investigations,  the 
true  state  of  the  case  is  well  summed  up  by  an  eminent 
modern  authority,  who  has  felt  justified  in  treating  thia 
question  at  considerable  length  : 

"  It  may  indeed  be1  thought  wonderful  that  Servetus,  Columbus, 
or  Caesalpin  should  not  have  more  distinctly  apprehended  the  con 
sequences  of  what  they  maintained,  since  it  seems  difficult  to 
conceive  the  lesser  circulation  without  the  greater;  but  the  de- 
fectiveness  of  their  views  is  not  to  be  alleged  as  a  counter-balance 
to  the  more  steady  sagacity  of  Harvey." — Hallam's  Lit.  Hist,  of 
Europe,  q.  v. 

If  the  student  who  desires  to  pursue  this  subject  fur 
ther  inquire  as  to  the  best  sources  of  information,  we 
refer  him  to  the  authorities  cited  below,  and  especially  to 
Harvey's  own  exposition,  for — to  quote  the  language  of 
Dr.  Freind— 

;  As  it  was  entirely  owing  to  him,  so  he  has  explained  it  with 
all  the  clearness  imaginable;  and,  though  much  has  been  written 
upon  that  subject  since,  I  may  venture  to  say,  his  own  book  is 
the  shortest,  the  plainest,  and  the  most  convincing  of  any,  as  we 
may  be  satisfied,  if  we  look  into  the  many  apologies  written  in 
defence  of  the  circulation." 

To  this  testimony  we  may  add  that  of  Mr.  Hume  : 
"  Harvey  is  entitled  to  the  glory  of  having  made,  by  reasoning 
alone,  without  any  mixture  of  accident,  a  capital  discovery  in  one 
of  the  most  important  branches  of  science.  He  had  also  the  hap 
piness  of  establishing  at  once  this  theory  on  the  most  solid  and 
convincing  proofs;  and  posterity  has  added  little  to  the  argu 
ments  suggested  by  his  industry  and  ingenuity." — Hist,  of  Eng 
land:  The  Restoration. 

See  Life  by  Dr.  Lawrence  ;  Freind's  Hist  of  Med. ; 
Aikin's  Biog.  Mem.  of  Med.  j  Lives  of  Brit.  Physicians, 
in  Murray's  Family  Library,  vol.  xiv. ;  The  Gold-Headed 
Cane ;  Physic  and  Physicians  ;  Aubrey's  Letters  of  Emi 
nent  Persons,  1813,  3  vols.  Svo  ;  Biog.  Brit.;  Rees's  Cyc.; 
Watt's  Bibl.  Brit. ;  Hist,  of  Medicine  to  19th  cent.,  by 
P.  V.  Renouard. 

Here  we  had  intended  to  close;  but  we  feel  unwilling  to 
omit  Harvey's  own  account  of  the  difficulties  which  en 
compassed  his  path  when  engaged  in  those  laborious 
investigations  which  were  crowned  at  last  with  such 
ample  recompense.  On  a  subject  of  such  importance  to 
the  general  interests  of  humanity,  the  doctors,  we  trust, 
will  not  be  unwilling  to  forgive  a  little  enthusiasm,  even 
in  a  laic : 

"  Devoting  myself  to  discern  the  use  and  utility  of  the  move 
ments  of  the  heart  in  animals,  in  a  great  number  of  vivisections, 
I  found  at  first  the  subject  so  full  of  difficulties  that  I  thought 
for  a  long  time,  with  Fracastor,  that  the  secret  was  known  to  God 
alone.  I  could  distinguish  neither  in  what  manner  the  systole 
and  diastole  took  place,  nor  at  what  moment  the  dilatation  and 
constriction  occurred,  owing  to  the  celerity  of  the  movements  of 
the  heart,  which  in  most  animals  is  executed  in  the  twinkling 
of  an  eye,  or  like  the  flash  of  lightning.  I  floated  undecided, 
without  knowing  on  what  opinion  to  rest.  Finally,  from  re 
doubled  care  and  attention,  by  multiplying  and  varying  my 
experiments,  and  by  comparing  the  various  results,  I  believed  I 
had  put  my  finger  on  the  truth,  and  commenced  unravelling  the 
labyrinth.  I  believed  I  had  seized  the  correct  idea  of  the  move 
ment  of  the  heart  and  arteries,  as  well  as  their  true  use.  From, 
that  time  I  did  not  cease  to  communicate  my  views  either  to  my 
friends,  or  to  the  public  in  my  academical  course." 

Harvey,  William.  Hours  of  Loyalty;  or,  Allego 
rical  Poetical  Delineations  in  Rhyme,  Lon.,  1813,  8vo. 

Harvey,  William  Henry,  Prof,  of  Botany  to  the 
Royal  Dublin  Society,  and  Keeper  of  the  Herbarium  of 
the  Univ.  of  Dublin.  1.  Manual  of  the  British  Algae, 
Lon.,  1841,  Svo;  1850,  Svo.  2.  Phycologia  Britannica; 
or,  a  Hist,  of  Brit.  Sea- Weeds,  1846-51,  3  vols.  r.  Svo, 
arranged  in  the  order  of  publication,  £7  12*.  6d. ;  or,  in 
4  vols.  r.  Svo,  arranged  systematically  according  to  the 
Synopsis,  £7  17*.  6d.  A  few  copies  on  large  paper.  An 
entire  plate  is  devoted  to  each  species,  the  number  of 
plates  amounting  to  360. 

"  The  History  of  British  Sea-weed?  We  can  most  faithfully  re 
commend  for  its  scientific,  its  pictorial,  and  its  popular  value;  the 
professed  botanist  will  find  it  a  work  of  the  highest  character, 
whilst  those  who  desire  merely  to  know  the  names  and  history 
of  the  lovely  plants  which  they  gather  oa  the  sea-shore  will  find 

797 


HAR 


HAS 


In  it  the  faithful  portraiture  of  every  one  of  them." — Annals  and  \ 
Magazine  of  Natural  History. 

3.  The  Sea-Side  Book,  3d  ed.,  1854,  fp.  8vo.  4.  Nereis 
Australia ;  or,  Illust.  of  the  Algae  of  the  Southern  Ocean, 
1848,  &c.,  4  Pts.  imp.  8vo. 

"Of  this  most  important  contribution  to  our  knowledge  of 
exotic  Algae,  we  know  not  if  we  can  pay  it  a  higher  compliment  than 
by  saying  it  is  worthy  of  the  author."— Lon.  Journal  of  Botany. 

5.  Nereis  Boreali-Americana,  r.  4to ;  Pt.  1,  1852 ;  Pt. 
2,  1853. 

Harvie,  John.     Midwifery,  Lon.,  1767,  8vo. 

Harward,  Simon,  of  New  College,  Oxford,  a 
preacher,  schoolmaster,  and  physician,  was  the  author  of 
several  theolog.  and  other  treatises,  pub.  1581-1623.  See 
Athen.  Oxon. 

Harwootl.     Passing  Bell,  1655,  8vo. 

Harwood,  Sir  Busic,  Kt,  Prof,  of  Anat.  in  Univ. 
of  Carnb.,  b.  at  Newmarket,  d.  1814.  1.  Lects.  on  Ana 
tomy  and  Physiol.,  Lon.,  1797,  8vo.  2.  Comparative 
Anat.  and  Physiol. ;  Fasciculus  1,  1796,  4to. 

Harwood,  Caroline.  The  Castle  of  Vivaldi  j  or, 
the  Mysterious  Injunction ;  a  Novel,  1810,  4  vols. 

Harwood,  Charlotte.  Lucubrations  by  a  Lady, 
1786,  12rno. 

Harwood,  Edward,  D.D.,  1729-1791,  a  learned 
Unitarian  minister  and  schoolmaster,  pastor  of  a  con 
gregation  in  Bristol  from  1765  to  '70,  settled  in  London 
in  or  about  the  latter  year,  and  subsisted  by  literary  em 
ployment  and  classical  tuition.  He  pub.  a  number  of 
theological  treatises,  and  the  following  works,  by  which 
he  is  best  known.  1.  A  New  Introduc.  tp  the  Study  and 
Knowledge  of  the  N.  Test,  Lon.^vol.  i.  1767;  ii.  1771, 
both  8vo.  A  third  vol.  was  promised,  but  never  completed. 

"  Certainly  to  be  recommended  to  the  theological  student." — 
Bp.  Marsh's  Lects.  on  Divinity. 

"  This  work  may  be  read  with  advantage,  making  allowance  for 
the  author's  theological  sentiments."— Dr.  E.  Williams's  C.  P. 

"  In  this  Introduction  many  of  the  topics  usually  treated  of  in 
such  books  are  discussed  with  considerable  ability." — Grime's  Bibl. 

"  The  value  of  Dr.  H.'s  Introduction  would  not  have  been  di 
minished,  if  he  had  acknowledged  his  obligations  to  the  preceding 
work  of  Pritius,  to  which  he  has  been  very  considerably  indebted." 
— Home's  Bibl.  Bib. 

2.  A  Liberal  Trans,  of  the  New  Test,  1767,  2  vols.  8vo. 
"  The  preceding  work  was  designed  to  introduce  this  new  and 

liberal  version.  ...  As  a  translation,  it  is  verbose,  affected,  and, 
in  fact,  more  the  New  Testament  of  Dr.  Harwood  than  of  the 
apostles." — Orme's  Bibl.  Bib. 

3.  The  New  Test,  collated  with  the  most  approved 
MSS.,  with  select  notes  in  English,  critical  and  explana 
tory,  1776,  2  vols.  12mo. 

"  This  edition  is  certainly  entitled  to  a  place  among  the  critical 
editions  of  the  New  Testament,  though  it  is  not  accompanied  with 
various  readings:  for,  though  Dr.  Harwood  has  adopted  the 
common  text  as  the  basis  of  his  own,  he  has  made  critical  cor 
rections  wherever  the  received  reading  appeared  to  him  to  be 
erroneous.  The  manuscripts  which  he  has  generally  followed 
when  he  departs  from  the  common  text  are  the  Cantabrigiensis, 
in  the  Gospel  and  Acts,  and  the  Claromontanus  in  the  Epistles  of 
St.  Paul."— Bishop  Marsh's  Michaelis. 

"  The  appendix  to  vol.  ii.  contains  a  useful  list  of  editions  of  the 
New  Testament,  and  of  critics  and  commentators  on  it." — Orme's 
£ibl.  Bib. 

"  In  the  list  of  commentators  and  critics,  those  are  most  com 
mended  by  Dr.  Harwood  who  favour  the  Socinian  scheme,  to  which 
he  was  strongly  attached ;  and  he  therefore  admitted  or  rejected 
a  variety  of  readings,  according  as  they  favour  or  oppose  the  So 
cinian  doctrine." — Home's  Bibl.  Bib. 

4.  A  View  of  the  various  editions  of  the  Greek  and 
Roman  Classics ;  with  Remarks,  Lon.,  1775,  8vo  ;  2d  ed., 
1778;  3d  ed.,  1782,  12mo  ;  4th  and  best  ed.,  1790,  12mo. 

"  This  is  a  valuable  little  book,  no  doubt  far  from  being  perfect, 
but  that  can  scarcely  be  expected  in  a  work  of  the  kind.  It  has 
been  translated  into  several  foreign  languages." — Wait's  Bibl.  Brit. 

The  student  must  procure  the  later  manuals  of  Dibdin 
and  of  Moss. 

5.  Biographia  Classica :    The  Lives  and  Characters  of 
the  Greek  and  Roman  Classics.     New  ed.,  1778,  2  vols. 
12mo.    See  Rees's  Cyc. ;  Gent.  Mag.,  vols.  IxiL,  Ixiii.,  Ixiv.  ; 
Watt's  Bibl.  Brit. 

Harwood,  Edward.  Populorum  et  Urbium  selecta 
Numismata  Grseca,  ex  Mrs  descripta  et  Figuris  illus- 
trata,  Lon.,  1812,  4to. 

Harwood,  G.  H.  Hist  of  Wesley  an  Methodism 
New  ed.,  Lon.,  1854,  18mo. 

Harwood,  James.  S«rms.  and  Discourses,  Lon., 
1661-62. 

Harwood,  John.  The  Cause  why  I  deny  the  Au 
thority  of  George  Fox,  Lon.,  1663,  4to. 

Harwood,  John.  Roman  Sudatory :  Phil.  Trans 
1706. 

Harwood,  John.     Advice    to  Members  of  Parl., 
1812,  8vo. 
798 


Harwood,  John  Edmund,  an  actor,  who  came  to 
Philadelphia  with  Wignell's  coinpamr  in  1793,  pub.  a  vol. 
of  poems  in  N.  York  in  1809.  See  Dunlap's  Hist  of  the 
Amer.  Stage. 

Harwood,  Richard.     Serms.,  1644,  '45. 

Harwood,  Thomas.  1.  The  Death  of  Dion;  a 
Trag.,  Oxf.,  1787,  8vo.  2.  Annot  on  Genesis,  Lon.,  1789, 
8vo.  A  compilation  from  various  authors, 

"Which,  if  not  a  brilliant,  may  in  some  degree  be  considered  as 
a  useful,  performance." — Lon.  Month.  Rev.,  N.  S.,  iv.  106. 

3.  Alumni  Etonenses,  1443-1797,  4to,  1797. 

"  Harwood's  book  is  not  reckoned  of  much  authority  beyond 
the  mere  records  which  he  copied." — Hattam's  Lit.  Hist,  of  Europe. 

4.  Hist  of  Christ,  1798,  12mo.     5.  Grecian  Antiquities, 
1801,  8vo.     6.  Geography,  1804,  12mo. 

Harwood,  Rev.  Thomas.  1.  Hist  and  Antiq.  of 
Lichfield,  Gloucester,  1806,  4to.  2.  Survey  of  Stafford 
shire,  8vo. 

Harwood,  Uriel.  1.  Discourses  from  English  Di 
vines,  1813,  2  vols.  8vo.  2.  Additional  do.,  8vo. 

Harwood,  Win.,  M.D.  Curative  Influence  of  the 
Southern  Coast  of  England,  Lon.,  sm.  8vo. 

"  An  instructive  and  very  useful  work." — Lon.  New  Times. 

Hascard,  Gregory,  D.D.,  d.  1708,  Rector  of  St. 
Michael's,  Queen-Hithe,  London,  1669 ;  Rector  of  St. 
Clement  Danes,  1678;  Dean  of  Windsor,  1700.  Serms. 
and  a  Discourse,  Lon.,  1668-96.  See  Gibson's  Preserv., 
ii.  82. 

Haselden,  Thomas.  Method  of  Keeping  a  Journal 
at  Sea}  revised  and  corrected,  with  addits.,  by  A.  Smith, 
Glasg.,  1788,  4to. 

Haseldon,  W.  S.     Sails  for  Windmills,  1807,  8vo. 

Haskel,  R.  M.  Memoir  of  Frances  E.  H.  McLellan, 
with  a  selection  from  her  Letters,  N.  York,  1856. 

Haskey,  Henricus.  Disputatio  inaug.  de  Ferro, 
ejusque  in  Morbis  curandis,  usu,  Edin.,  1777,  8vo. 

Haskins,  Mrs.  Elizabeth,  of  Rhode  Island,  col 
lected  the  Literary  Remains  of  her  brother,  John  Brown 
Ladd,  which  were  pub.,  with  a  sketch  of  the  author's 
life,  by  W.  B.  Chittenden  in  1832,  N.  York,  12mo. 

Haskins,  John.  The  Battle  of  Waterloo ;  a  Poem, 
Lon.,  1816,  8vo. 

Haslam,  John,  M.D.,  Apothecary  to  Bethlehem 
Hospital.  1.  Observ.  on  Insanity,  Lon.,  1798,  8vo;  2d 
ed.,  enlarged  and  corrected,  1809,  8vo. 

"  Read  Haslam  on  Insanity.  This  dreadful  visitation  he  as 
cribes  not  to  a  false  perception  or  morbid  intensity,  but  to  a 
wrong  association,  of  ideas.  There  surely,  however,  must  be 
more  in  it  than  this.  I  once  asked  a  professional  gentleman, 
who  had  particular  opportunities  of  experience  on  the  subject, 
whether  he  always  found  the  brain  of  maniacs  in  a  preternatural 
or  disordered  state.  He  said  that  he  frequently,  perhaps  gene 
rally,  did ;  but  that  in  many  cases  where  the  faculties  were  most 
completely  deranged,  that  organ  had  every  appearance  of  being  in 
a  perfectly  sound  and  healthy  condition." — Green's  Diary  of  a 
Lover  of  Lit.,  June  5,  1798. 

2.  Illustrations  of  Madness,  1810,  8vo.  3.  Moral  Ma 
nagement  of  Insane  Persons,  1817.  4.  Contributions  on 
Sound  Mind,  8vo.  See  BURROWS,  G.  MANN,  M.D.  5. 
Medical  Jurisprudence  as  it  relates  to  Insanity,  according 
to  the  Law  of  England,  1818.  See  FORSYTH,  J.  S.,  and 
authors  there  referred  to.  6.  Letter  to  the  Governors  of 
Bethlehem  Hospital,  containing  an  acct.  of  their  Manage 
ment  of  that  Institution  for  the  last  twenty  years,1818,8vo. 

Haslam,  Wm,  Perpetual  Curate  of  St.  Michael's, 
Baldiu.  1.  Perran-Zabuloe ;  or,  The  Lost  Church.  New 
ed.,  Lon.,  1844,  fp.  8vo.  2.  The  Cross  and  the  Serpent, 
Oxf.,  1849,  12mo. 

Haslehurst,  George.  Penmaen  Mawr,  and  Day 
break:  Poems,  Lon.,  1849,  p.  8vo. 

Haslem,  Wm.  Saunders,  M.D.  Inquiry  into  the 
causes  of  the  extraordinary  addition  to  the  number  of 
the  Insane,  1811,  8vo. 

Haslerigg,  Sir  Arthur.  1.  Speech  in  Parl.,  Lon., 
1642,  4to.  2.  Letter  to  a  Member  of  the  late  Parl.,1659,4to. 

Hasleton,  Richard.  Strange  and  wonderful  things 
happened  to  Rd.  Hasleton,  borne  at  Braintree,  in  Essex,  in 
his  ten  yeares  Trauailes  in  many  forraine  countries.  Penned 
as  he  delivered  it  from  his  owne  mouth,  Lon.,  1595,  4to. 

Haslewood,  Francis.     Serms.,  Lon.,  1720-21. 

Haslewood,  John,  D.D.     Serms.,  1701-07,  all  4to. 

Haslewood,  Joseph,  1769-1833,  a  native  of  and 
solicitor  in  London,  was  well  known  for  many  years  to  all 
thorough-paced  bibliomaniacs,  as  an  intelligent  and  zeal 
ous  editor  of  reprints  of  the  works  of  old  English  poets. 
Notices  of  these  edits.,  and  of  periodicals  to  which  Mr.  II 
was  a  contributor,  will  be  found  scattered  through  our 
pages :  see  BKRNERS,  JULIANA  ;  BALDWIN,  WILLIAM  ; 
BRATHWAIT,  RICHARD;  BRYDGES,  SIR  SAMUEL  EGERTON; 
and  other  names  in  this  Dictionary.  A  list  of  works 


HAS 

(twenty-five  in  number)  with  which  Mr.  Haslewood  was 
connected,  either  as  sole  or  joint  author,  and  as  contri 
butor,  will  be  found  in  a  biographical  notice  of  this  gen 
tleman  in  Gent.  Mag:,  Nov.  1833,  467-468.  See  also 
Dibdin's  Bibliomania,  his  Bibliographical  Decameron, 
his  Library  Companion,  and  his  Literary  Reminiscences. 
Dr.  Dibdin  protests  earnestly  against  the  portrait  of 
Haslewood,  drawn  in  the  London  Atheaaeum,  (1834,  pp. 
1,  28,  45,  and  60,)  in  the  four  amusing  papers  entitled 
The  Roxburghe  Revels,  MS. 

Haslewood,  Wm.  Legal  publications,  Lon.,1814-29. 

Hasloch,  John.     Serm.,  Lon.,  1819,  8vo. 

Hassall,  Arthur  Hill,  M.D.  1.  Hist,  of  British 
Fresh-Water  Algse,  Lon.,  1845,  2  vols.  8vo ;  2d  ed.,  1852, 
2  vols.  Svo.  2.  Microscopic  Anat.  of  the  Human  Body, 

1849,  2  vols.  Svo  ;  2d  ed.,  1852,  2  vols.  Svo. 

"  We  have  rarely  met  with  a  work  in  which  the  debatable  and 
scattered  points  of  a  new  science  have  been  more  sensibly  argued, 
or  more  judiciously  combined  into  something  nearly  approaching 
to  the  perfection  of  a  complete  system." — Lon.  Med.  Gazette. 

"  The  plates  are  beautifully  executed  and  coloured,  and  convey 
a  perfect  idea  of  the  objects  which  they  are  intended  to  illustrate." 
—Lon.  Lancet. 

3.  Microscopical  Exam,  of  Water  supplied  to  London, 

1850,  Svo.     4.  Food  and  its  Adulterations,  1855,  Svo.    See 
Longman's  Notes  on  Books,  May,  1855,  9-10. 

"  We  do  not  doubt  or  deny  the  good  services  which  Dr.  Hassall 
has  rendered  to  the  public ;  but  we  tremble  either  to  eat  or  drink 
after  his  book  has  come  into  our  hands.  We  look  askance  at  the 
innocent  grocer,  the  virtuous  and  respectable  milkman.  The 
wretches! — have  they  not  been  poisoning  us  secretly  in  their  back- 
parlours?— mixing  one  knows  not  what  abominations  in  our  milk  j 
and  in  our  tea?  Yet  the  tea  and  the  milk,  where  can  we  get 
substitutes  for  them, — we,  who  can  neither  freight  Chinamen  nor 
keep  a  dairy  ?" — BlackwoocTs  Mag.,  Aug.  1855. 

Hassall,  Charles.  General  View  of  the  Agricult. 
of  the  Co.  of  Carmarthen,  Lon.,  1794,  4to.  2.  General 
View  of  the  Agricult.  of  the  Co.  of  Pembroke,  1794,  4to. 

"  Present  nothing  of  particular  notice." — Donaldson's  Agricult. 
Bioa. 

Hassel,  Richard.  Lath  in  a  man's  eye;  Phil. 
Trans.,  1748. 

Hasselgrew,  Nicholas.  Swedish  Pan.  See  Ben 
jamin  Stillingfleet's  Tracts  on  Nat.  Hist.,  &c.,  p.  339, 1762. 

Hassell,  J.  1.  Tour  of  the  Isle  of  Wight,  Lon.,  1790, 
2  vols.  Svo.  2.  Guide  to  Bath,  1793,  Svo.  3.  Beauties  of 
Antiquity,  1806.  4.  Life  of  Geo.  Morland,  1806,  r.  4to. 
He  also  pub.  some  works  on  drawing,  1809,  '11. 

Hasset-Blener,  Thomas.     See  BLENER-HASSET. 

Hasolle,  James,  i.  e.  Ashmole,  Elias,  q.  v. 

Hasted,  Edward,  a  native  of  Hawley,  Kent,  1732- 
1812,  was  the  author  of  the  following  valuable  work : 
The  Hist,  and  Topog.  Survey  of  the  County  of  Kent,  Can- 
terb.,  1788-99,  4  vols.  fol. 

"Ex  his  omnibus,  longe  sunt  humanissimi  qui  Cantium  incolunt, 
Fm-tes  creantur  fortibus  et  bonis, 
Nee  imbellem  feroces  progenerant.' 

Second  ed.,  improved,  corrected,  and  continued  to  the 
present  time,  1797-1S01,  12  vols.  Svo.  This  work  is  now 
scarce  and  high  in  price.  It  is  the  result  of  labour  ex 
tending  over  a  period  of  forty  years. 

"  The  whole  exhibits  more  research  than  taste,  either  in  arrang 
ing  the  information,  or  in  style;  and  it  is  very  defective  in  notices 
of  manners,  arts,  or  biographical  and  literary  history.  Its  highest 
praise  is  that  of  a  faithful  record  of  the  property  of  the  country, 
and  of  its  genealogical  history." 

See  Gough's  Topog. ;  Chalmers's  Biog.  Diet,  j  Gent., Mag., 
(written  by  Halsted  himself,)  vol.  Ixxxii. 

Hasted  contributed  a  paper  Concerning  Chestnut-Trees 
to  Phil.  Trans.,  1771. 

Hastings,  Lady  Flora,  1806-1839,  Lady  of  the 
Bedchamber  to  the  Duchess  of  Kent,  was  the  eldest  daugh 
ter  of  Francis,  Marquis  of  Hastings.  The  melancholy 
circumstances  connected  with  her  untimely  death  have 
caused  her  name  to  be  widely  known  and  held  in  kindly 
remembrance  both  in  Europe  and  America.  She  was  an 
accomplished  scholar,  and  the  author  of  some  poetical 
compositions  of  considerable  merit.  A  vol.  of  her  Poems, 
collected  by  herself,  was  pub.  by  her  sister  after  her 
decease;  new  ed.,  Lon.,  1841,  fp.  Svo. 

"  In  Lady  Flora's  dramatic  fragments  especially,  there  is  a  true 
power,  which,  had  it  continued  to  be  cultivated,  might  have  pro 
duced  great  things;  and  many  of  her  original  lyrics,  as  The 
Rainbow,  The  Cross  of  Constantine,  The  Street  of  the  Tombs, 
as  well  as  her  translations  from  the  German  and  Italian,  are 
replete  with  spirit  and  grace."— Moir's  Poet.  Lit.  of  the  Past  Half- 
Century.  See  also  Eclec.  Rev.,  4th  S.,  ix.  572. 

Hastings,  Francis,  Earl  of  Huntingdon,  trans.,  at 
the  request  of  his  uncle-in-law,  Cardinal  Pole,  Osorius  de 
Nobilitate,  and  Osorius  de  Gloria.  See  Park's  Walpole's 
R.  and  N.  Authors. 

Hastings,  Sir  Francis,  son  of  the  preceding.  1.  A 
Watchword  to  all  religious  and  true-hearted  Englishmen, 


HAT 

Lon.,  1598,  Svo.  2.  Apologie  for  the  preceding,  1600,  4to. 
Other  works.  See  Athen.  Oxon.;  Park's  Walpole's  R.  and 
N.  Authors. 

Hastings,  Francis  Rawdon.    See  MOIRA,  EARL. 
Hastings,  Henry  James,  Rector  of  Areley,  King's. 
1.  Parochial  Serms.,  Lon.,  1845-46,  2  vols.  Svo.     2.  The 
Whole  Armour  of  God :  in  four  Serms.,  1848,  fp.  Svo. 

Hastings,  John,  M.D.,  Senior  Physician  to  the 
Blenheim  Street  Free  Dispensary.  1.  Pulmonary  Con 
sumption  healed  with  Naphtha,  2d  ed.,  Lon.,  1845,  Svo. 

"  If  experience  proves  the  correctness  of  these  statements,  Dr. 
Hastings  will  be  considered  a  benefactor  to  the  human  race." — 
Dr.  Johnson's  Review. 

2.  Diseases  of  the  Larynx  and  Trachea,  1850,  Svo.  3. 
Special  Treat,  of  Pulmon.  Consumption  and  Hooping- 
Cough,  1854,  p.  Svo. 

Hastings,  T.     Vestiges  of  Antiquity;  or,  a  Series 
of  Etchings,  Ac.  of  Antiq.  in  Canterbury,  1813,  imp.  fol. 
Hastings,  Thomas.     Poem,  1778,  4to. 
Hastings,  Thomas,  an  American  author,  has  pub. 
several  collections  of  music  for  churches,  schools,  <fec., 
some  of  them  in  conjunction  with  Wm.  B.  Bradbury,  and 
other  works  relating  to  Musical  Taste,  .<fec. 

Hastings,  Warren,  1733-1818,  Governor  of  Bengal, 
a  wicked  and  unscrupulous  tyrant,  has  been  already  suffi 
ciently  noticed  in  these  columns  in  our  lives  of  EDMUND 
BORKE,  and  GEORGE  ROBERT  GLEIG.  He  was  the  son  of  a 
clergyman  ;  was  educated  at  Westminster  School ;  entered 
the  East  India  Company  as  a  writer  in  1750;  became 
Governor-General  of  Bengal  in  1774;  was  arraigned  for 
high  crimes  and  misdemeanours  (committed  in  his  official 
capacity)  in  1786;  and,  nine  years  after  the  commence 
ment  of  proceedings,  was  acquitted  in  the  House  of  Lords, 
in  1795.  Those  who  desire  to  know  more  of  his  history 
must  peruse  his  life  by  the  Rev.  G.  R.  Gleig ;  a  review  of 
this  work  by  T.  B.  Macaulay  in  Edin.  Rev.,  Ixxiv.  160- 
255;  the  works  of  Edmund  Burke;  the  account  of  the 
Trial  pub.  by  Hastings  himself,  (Debates  of  the  House  of 
Lords,  <fcc.,  1797,  4to ;)  the  periodicals,  <fec.  of  the  day. 
Hastings  was  the  author  of  several  publications  relating 
to  the  East  India  Company,  fugitive  poetry,  essays,  <fec. 
See  Watt's  Bibl.  Brit.;  Blackwood's  Mag.,  xii.  134;  xvii. 
7,  343;  xx.  201,  208,  326,  329,  486;  xxxiv.  319,  et  seq.; 
xxxvii.  857;  xl.  71;  xlix.  423,  638 ;  Dubl.  Univ.  Mag., 
xviii.  619,  693. 

Haswell,  Charles  H.     1.  The  Engineer's  and  Me 
chanic's   Pocket  Book,    N.  York,    1850.      2.   Mechanics' 
Tables,  1856,  12mo.    3.  Mensuration,  N.  York,  1858,  12mo. 
Haswell,  Susannah.    Victoria,  Lon.,  17S6,  2  vols. 
12mo.     Exhibits  examples  of  filial  piety. 

Hasworth,  H.  H.  The  Lady  of  the  Cave ;  a  Novel, 
1802,  3  vols. 

Hatch,  John.  A  word  of  Peace  from  the  Prince  of 
Peace  to  the  sons  of  peace,  Lon.,  1646,  sm.  Svo.  With 
a  Preface  by  Saltmarsh. 

Hatchard,  T.  Goodwin,  Rector  of  Havant.  1.  The 
German  Tree ;  a  Moral,  Lon.,  1851,  18mo.  2.  Food  for  my 
Flock:  Serms.  preached  in  Havant  Church,  1854. 

Hatchell,  John.  Taafe  v.  Downes,  Dubl.,1815,fp.8vo. 
Hatchell,  John  P.     Trial  of  E.  Sheridan,  1812,  Svo. 
Hatcher,  Thomas,  Fellow  of  Eton  College,  1555, 
compiled  Memoirs  of  the  eminent  persons  educated  in 
that  institution  to  the  year  1572,  and  pub.  the  Epistles 
and  Orations  of  Walter  Haddon,  in  a  book  entitled  Lucu 
brations.     Hatcher  was  physician  to  Queen  Mary. 

Hatchett,  Charles,  pub.  many  chemical  papers  in 
Phil.  Trans,  and  Nic.  Jour.,  1796-1817. 
Hatfield,  Miss.    Novels,  Ac.,  1801-16. 
Hatfield,  J.  F.     Patriotism,  Lon.,  1804,  Svo. 
Hathaway,  W.  S.    Speeches  of  the  Rt.  Hon.  Wm. 
Pitt,  in  H.  of  C.,  1806,  4  vols.  Svo ;  1817,  3  vols.  Svo. 

Hatley,  Griffith,  M.D.  Petrifaction ;  Phil.  Trans., 
1683. 

Hathcrell,  J.  W.,  D.D.  1.  Serm.  on  the  Church 
Catechism,  Lon.,  1835,  Svo.  2.  Nine  Serms.  at  Malta, 
1843,  12mo.  3.  Lent  Lects.  on  the  Repentance  of  David, 
1847,  12mo.  To  Dr.  Hatherell  we  are  indebted  for  the 
Life  and  Preface  prefixed  to  the  reprint  of  Archbishop 
Laud's  Sermons,  1829,  Svo. 

II  at  sell,  John,  1742-1820,  Chief  Clerk  of  the  House 
of  Commons  until  1797.  1.  Rules,  &c,  of  the  H.  of  C., 
1774,  '84,  '89,  1809,  4to.  2.  Cases  of  Privileges  of  Parlia 
ment  to  1628,  4to,  1776.  3.  Precedents  of  Proceedings  in 
the  H.  of  C.,  with  Observ.,  1781,  4to ;  2d  ed.,  1785,  3  vols. 
4to;  3d  ed.,  1794-96,  4  vols.  4to  ;  4th  and  best  ed.,  1818, 
4  vols.  4to.  This  work  is  accepted  as  authority,  save 
where  changes  have  been  introduced  of  late  years.  See 
May's  Treat  upon  Parliaments ;  Brooke's  Bibl.  Leg. 

IN 


HAT 


HAV 


"Established  forms  of  procedure  respected  by  all  from  their 
impartiality  are  among  the    strongest  securities  for  a  free  Con 
stitution,  and  are  barriers  against  over-hasty  legislation,  or  the 
unhesitating  tyranny  of  the  majority." — SIR  JAMES  MACKINTOSH. 
Ilatt,  Andrew.     Serm.,  Lon.,  1805,  4to. 
Halt,  Richard.     Poetical  Works,  Ac.,  1810-18. 
Halt,  Richard.     Insolvent  Debtors'  Ct.,  Lon.,  1821, 
12mo. 

Hattecliffe,  Vine.    God  or  Nothing,  Lon.,  1659, 8vo. 
Ilatton,  Sir  Christopher,  d.  1591,  Lord-Chancellor 
of  England,  1587,  educated  at  St.  Mary  Hall,  Oxford,  has  ! 
had  ascribed  to  him  A  Treatise  concerning  Statutes  or 
Acts  of  Parliament,  and  the  Exposition    thereof,  Lon., 
1677,  8vo,  which  it  is  asserted   he  did  not  write, — the 
fourth  Act  of  the  Tragedy  of  Tancred  and   Gismund — 
which  Warton  thinks  he  did  write, — and  some  legal  tracts, 
which   he  may  or  may  not  have   written.     See  Athen.  I 
Oxon. ,-  Lodge's  Illustrations ;  Park's  Walpole's  R.  and  N.  ! 
Authors;    Lloyd's    State  Worthies;    Peck's    Desiderata;  I 
Fuller's  Worthies;  Hume's,  and  other  histories  of  Eng. ;  j 
Lord  Campbell's  Lives  of  the  Lord-Chancellors;  Memoirs  ' 
of  the  Life  and  Times  of  Sir  Christopher  Hatton,  by  Sir 
N.  H.  Nicolas,  1847,  8vo. 

"But  what  was  the  astonishment  of  courtiers,  of  lawyers,  and 
of  citizens,  when  on  Saturday,  the  29th  of  April,  it  was  announced 
that  Her  Majesty  had  chosen  for  the  Keeper  of  her  conscience, — 
to  preside  in  the  Chancery  and  the  Star-Chamber.  and  the  House 
of  Lords, — and  to  superintend  the  administrations  of  Justice 
throughout  the  realm,— a  gay  young  cavalier  never  called  to  the 
bar,  and  chiefly  famed  for  his  handsome  person,  his  taste  in  dress, 
and  his  skill  in  dancing, — Sir  Christopher  Hatton!" — LORD  CAMP 
BELL:  Lives  of  the  Lord-Chancdiors. 

The  new  Lord-Chancellor  seems  to  have  borne  himself 
in  his  high  office  better  than  could  have  been  generally 
anticipated :  but  Fuller  thinks  the  queen  not  to  have 
greatly  erred  in  her  judgment  or  fancy  : 

"  His  parts  were  far  above  his  learning,  which  mutually  so  as 
sisted  each  other,  that  no  manifest  want  did  appear ;  and  the 
queen  at  last  preferred  him  Lord  Chancellor  of  England." — Wor 
thies  of  Northamptonshire. 

Another  authority  also  assures  us  that 
"  He  was  a  person  that  besides  the  graces  of  his  person  and 
dancing,  had  also  the  adjectiments  of  a  strong  and  subtle  capa 
city, — one  that  could  soon  learn  the  discipline  and  garb  both  of 
the  times  and  the  Court." — NAUNTON. 

Lloyd  cannot  say  enough  in  his  praise  : 
"  His  features  set  off  his  body,  his  gait  his  features,  his  carriage 
his  gait,  his  parts  his  carriage,  his  prudence  his  parts,  and  his 
close  patience  his  prudence." — State  Favourites. 

Oakland,  in  his  character  of  Elizabeth's  ministers,  is 
not  behind  Lloyd  in  his  eulogies : 

"  Splendidus  Hatton, 
Ille  Satelitii  regalis  ductor,  ovanti 
Pectore,  Maecenas  studiosis,  maximus  altor 
Et  fautor  verse  virtutis,  munificusque." 
And  a  greater  than  all  yet  cited  withheld  not  a  noble 
tribute  to  the  fortunate  saltator  who  danced  himself  into 
the  woolsack : 

"To  THE  R.  H.  SIR  C.  HATTON,  Lord  High-Chancellor  of  England. 
"  Those  prudent  heads,  that  with  their  counsels  wise, 

Whilom  the  pillars  of  th'  earth  did  sustain; 
And  taught  ambitious  Rome  to  tyrannise, 

And  in  the  neck  of  all  the  world  to  reign, 
Oft  from  those  grave  affairs  were  wont  t'  abstain, 

With  the  sweet  lady-muses  for  to  play. 
So  Ennius,  the  elder  Africain; 

So  Maro  oft  did  Czesar's  cares  allay ; 
So,  you,  great  Lord!  that  with  your  counsel  sway 

The  burden  of  this  kingdom  mightily ; 
With  like  delights  sometimes  may  eke  delay, 

The  rugged  brow  of  careful  policy ; 
And  to  these  idle  rhymes  lend  little  space, 

Which,  for  their  title's  sake,  may  find  more  grace." 
EDMUND  SPENSER  :  presented  to  Sir  Christopher  Hatton  with  a  copy 
of  The  Faery  Queen. 

Hatton,  Sir  Christopher.  The  Psalter  of  David; 
with  titles  and  Collects,  Oxon.,  1644,  '46,  8vo. 

Hatton,  Edward.   Works  on  Arithmetic,  1699-1728. 

Hatton,  Thomas.  1.  Gold  Coin,  Lon.,  1775,  8vo. 
2.  Watch  and  Clock  Work,  1774,  8vo. 

Hauffman.     Colours  for  dyeing ;  Nic.  Jour.,  1805. 

Haughton,  Edward.    Anti-Christ,  Lon.,  1652,  8vo. 

H^o  Shton,  Sir  Graves  Champney,  Knt,  d.  1849, 
aged  62,  Prof,  at  the  East  India  College,  Haileybury,  1817- 
27;  knighted,  1833;  Member  of  the  Institute  of  France 
and  Member  of  the  Asiatic  Society  of  Calcutta,  1838.  1. 
Rudiments  of  Bengali  Grammar,  Lon.,  1821,  4to.  2.  In 
stitutes  of  Menu,  in  the  original  Sanscrit.  3.  Bengali 
Sanscrit,  and  English  Dictionary.  4.  Inquiry  into  the 
Nature  of  Language,  1832,  4to.  Privately  printed.  5. 
Prodromus ;  or,  An  Inquiry  into  the  First  Principles  of 
Reasoning,  1839,  8vo. 

"  All  men  are  as  the  vulgar  in  what  they  do  not  understand ' 
—BURKE. 


"It  is  a  work  which,  if  men  will  take  the  trouble  to  think, 
must  make  a  powerful  sensation.  We  trust  that  the  attention 
of  every  philosophical  inquirer,  at  home  and  abroad,  will  be  di 
rected  to  its  earnest  and  mature  examination." — Lon.  Literary 
Gazette. 

See  a  biographical  notice  in  the  Lon.  Gent.  Mag.,  Oct. 
1849,  420. 

Haughton,  Mary  Arnald.  Emilia  of  Lindenau, 
or  the  Field  of  Leipsic;  a  Poem,  Lon.,  1815,  12mo. 

Haughton,  Rev.  Samuel,  Fellow  and  Tutor  of 
Trin.  Coll.,  and  Prof,  of  Geology  in  the  Univ.  of  Dublin. 
See  GALBRAITH,  REV.  JOSEPH  A.;  Longman's  Notes  on 
Books,  Nov.  1855,  4^6. 

Haughton,  Win.,  was  the  author  of  a  number  of 
dramatic  pieces,  of  which  the  comedy  of  Englishmen  for 
my  Money,  Lon.,  1616,  4to,  is  one  of  the  best  known. 
The  comedy  of  Patient  Grissill,  in  which  he  was  assisted 
by  Chettle  and  Decker,  sold  for  £9  at  the  Roxburghe  sale. 
See  Biog.  Dramat,  where  twenty-two  plays  are  ascribed 
to  this  author. 

Haukin,  Win.  Tres  Eclogse  Virgilianse  Inflexae, 
Lon.,  1631,  4to. 

Haukinius,  anglice  Hawkins. 
Hauksbee,  Francis,  Curator  of  Experiments  to 
the  Royal  Society,  distinguished  for  his  experiments  in 
electricity,  wrote  several  works  on  electricity,  Ac.,  pub. 
1709-31,  and  was  the  author  of  many  papers  in  Phil. 
Trans.,  1704-13,  on  subjects  of  nat.  philos.  See  Watt's 
Bibl.  Brit. 

Haupt,  Herman,  b.  1817,  at  Philadelphia,  grad.  at 
West  Point,  1835.  1.  Hints  on  Bridge-Building,  1840. 
2.  General  Theory  of  Bridge  Construction,  N.  York,  2d 
ed.,  1853,  8vo.  This  is  a  valuable  work,  "  containing  de 
monstrations  of  the  principles  of  the  art,  and  their  appli 
cation  to  practice." 

Hausted,  Peter,  D.D.,  was  Vicar  of  Gretton,  1639, 
and  had  several  other  preferments.  1.  The  Rival  Friends; 
a  Com.,  Lon.,  1632,  4to.  2.  Senile  Odium;  Com.,  Cantab., 
1633,  12mo.  3.  Ten  Serms.,  Lon.,  1636,  4to.  4.  Ad  Popu- 
lum:  a  Lecture  to  the  People,  Oxon.,  1644,  4to.  5.  The 
Amorous  War;  a  Tragi-Com.,  Lon.,  1648,  4to.  6.  Hymnus 
Tabaco  ;  a  Poem  in  honour  of  Tabaco,  by  Raphael  Thorius ; 
made  English  by  P.  H.,  1651,  sm.  8vo.  The  Hymn  in 
praise  of  Tobacco,  both  Latin  and  English,  will  be  found 
in  Bliss's  Wood's  Athen.  Oxon.,  ii.  379.  It  is  a  theme  in 
which,  doubtless,  many  of  our  readers  feel  a  lively  interest. 
"Our  Author  seems  to  be  much  of  the  Humour  of  Sen  Johnson, 
(whose  greatest  weakness  was  that  he  could  not  bear  censure.") — 
Langbaine's  Dram.  Poets.,  q.  v.,  and  see  also  Bliss's  Wood's  Athen. 
Oxon. ;  Biog.  Dramat. 

Hautenville,  H.  B.  Customs  and  Excise,  Dubl., 
1804,  fol. 

Havard,  Neast.     Theolog.  treatises,  Lon.,  1778. 
Havard,  Wm.,  an  actor,  d.  1778,  aged  68.     1.  Sean- 
derbeg;  T.,  1733,  8vo.  2.  K.  Charles  the  First;  H.  T.,  1737, 
8vo.      3.  Regulus;  T.,  1744,  8vo.     4.  The  Elopement;  F., 
1768,  N.  P.     See  Biog.  Dramat. 

Haveloch,  Capt.  Henry.  Narrative  of  the  War  in 
Affghanistan  in  1838-39;  2d  ed.,  Lon.,  1840,  2  vols.  cr.  8vo. 
See  Blackwood's  Mag.,  xlix.  298. 

Haven,  Mrs.  Alice  B.,  formerly  Miss  Bradley, 
a  native  of  Hudson,  New  York,  was  married  in  1846  to 
the  late  Joseph  C.  Neal,  the  popular  author  of  the  Char 
coal  Sketches.  After  his  decease  she  superintended  the 
Gazette  which  had  long  borne  her  husband's  name,  and 
contributed  to  it  and  to  other  periodicals  many  prose  and 
poetical  articles.  Having  been  from  a  very  early  age  a 
contributor  to  the  literary  journals  of  the  day,  she  now 
found  the  advantage  of  the  possession  of  a  practised  pen. 
In  1853  Mrs.  Neal  was  married  to  Mr.  Joshua  L.  Haven. 
In  1850  she  gave  to  the  world  The  Gossips  of  Rivertown, 
with  Sketches  in  Prose  and  Verse, — a  graphic  description 
of  evcry-day  life  in  the  country.  But  it  is  as  a  writer  for 
the  young  that  Mrs.  Haven  has  acquired  honours  of  the 
most  substantial,  truly  valuable,  and  enduring  character. 
The  excellent  "  COUSIN  ALICE"  is  a  favoured  guest  in 
many  a  household  circle, — the  "  Parents'  Assistant"  and 
"The  Children's  Friend." 

The  volumes  entitled  Helen  Morton's  Trial,  No  Such 
Word  as  Fail,  Contentment  Better  than  Wealth,  Patient 
Waiting  No  Loss,  All's  Not  Gold  that  Glitters,  Pictures 
frcto  the  Bible,  Watch  and  Pray,  A  Place  for  Everything 
and  Everything  in  its  Place,  Nothing  Venture  Nothing 
Have,  Out  of  Debt  out  of  Danger,  The  Coopers,  have  doubt 
less  improved  the  heart  whilst  gratifying  the  imagination, 
and  instructed  the  conscience  as  well  as  pleased  the  taste. 
Haven,  Erastus  O.,  D.D.,  b.  1820,  in  Boston,  grad. 
Wesleyan  University,  1842.  The  Young  Man  Advised, 
N.  York,  1855,  12mo. 


HAV 


HAW 


Haven,  Jason,  1733-1803,  grad.  at  Harvard  College, 
1754,  minister  of  Dedham,  Mass.,  pub.  serms.,  <fcc.,  1758-96. 

Haven,  Joseph,  Prof,  of  Intellectual  and  Moral  Phi 
losophy,  Amherst  Coll.  Mental  Philosophy ;  including  the 
Intellect,  the  Sensibilities,  and  the  Will,  Bosk,  1858,  r.  12mo. 
Commended. 

Haven,  Nathan  Appleton,  1790-1826,  a  member 
of  the  Bar,  grad.  at  Harvard  College  in  1807,  settled  at 
Portsmouth,  N.  Hampshire,  and  was  editor  of  the  Ports 
mouth  Journal  from  1821  to  1825.  A  vol.,  containing  his 
Remains,  with  a  Memoir  by  George  Ticknor,  was  pub.  in 
1827,  8vo,  pp.  351.  See  N.  Amer.  Rev.,  xxvii.  154,  (by  W. 
B  0.  Peabody ;)  and  Chris.  Exam.,  v.  70,  (by  H.  Ware,  Jr.) 

Haven,  Samuel,  D.D.,  1727-1806,  minister  of  Ports 
mouth,  N.  Hampshire,  grandfather  of  the  preceding,  grad. 
at  Harvard  College,  1749,  pub.  several  serms.,  1760-1800. 

Haverfield,  Thomas  T.,  Rector  of  Goddington, 
Oxon.  1.  Serm.,  Lon.,  1811,  8vo.  2.  Serms.,  1835-38. 

Havers,  Clopton,  M.D.,  an  eminent  English  ana 
tomist.  Osteologia  Nova,  Lon.,  1691,  1729,  8vo ;  Ulm, 
1692,  8vo ;  Neust.,  1731,  8vo.  He  edited  Anatomy  of 
Bodies  of  Man  and  Woman,  from  M.  Spacher  and  J. 
Remmelin,  Lon.,  1702,  fol.,  and  contrib.  mod.  papers  to 
Phil.  Trans.,  1694,  '99. 

Havers,  George,  trans,  from  the  French,  Discourses 
on  Philosophy,  Lon.,  1664,  and  P.  De  Valle's  Travels, 
with  Sir  T.  Roe's  Voyages  into  the  E.  Indies,  1665,  fol. 

Haversham,  M.  Thomson,  Lord.  1.  Speech  in 
H.  of  Peers,  1706-07,  4to.  2.  Scotch  Invasion,  1709,  4to. 

Haviland,  D.,  Rector  of  Northpederwin,  Cornwall. 
First  Peopling  of  the  Island  of  Britain;  Archseol.,  1770. 

Haviland,  J.,  Prof,  of  Anatomy,  Cambridge.  Fever 
at  Cambridge,  1815;  Med.  Trans.,  1815. 

Haviland,  John,  1792-1852,  Architect  of  the  Eastern 
Penitentiary  at  Philadelphia.  Builder's  Assistant,  Bait., 
3  vols.  8vo. 

IJ award,  Capt.  Lazarus.  1.  Crown  Revenue,  <fcc., 
Lon.,  1647,  '60,  4to.  2.  Occurrences  from  Ireland,  1642,4to. 

Haward,  Nicholas.  1.  Romaine  Wele  Publique, 
Ac.,  Englished  from  Eutropius.  2.  Line  of  Liberalitie, 
1569,  16mo. 

Hawarden,  Dr.  1.  True  Church  of  Christ,  Lon., 
1714,  3  Pts.  in  2  vols.  8vo.  Highly  esteemed  by  the  R. 
Catholics.  It  is  intended  as  an  answer  to  Charles  Leslie's 
Case  Stated.  2.  Wit  against  Reason,  Brussels,  1735,  8vo. 
An  eminent  R.  Catholic  layman  remarks  that  there  is  in 
HaWarden's  polemic  writings 

"  An  union,  seldom  found,  of  brevity,  accuracy,  clearness,  order, 
and  close  reasoning." — CHARLES  BUTLER. 

Haweis,  John  O.  W.  1.  Sketches  of  the  Reforma 
tion  and  Elizabethan  Age,  Lon.,  1844,  12mo.  Originally 
pub.  in  the  British  Magazine.  2.  Serms.,  1848,  12mo. 

Haweis,  Thomas,  1734-1820,  Rector  of  Aldwinckle, 
and  chaplain  to  the  Countess  of  Huntingdon.  His  prin 
cipal  works  are  :  1.  The  Evangelical  Expositor;  or,  a  Com 
ment  on  the  Holy  Bible,  Lon.,  1765-66,  2  vols.  fol.  New 
ed.,  Glasg.,  3  vols.  4to. 

"Not  a  work  of  much  value." — OrmfSs  Bibl.  Brit. 

2.  Communicant's    Spiritual   Companion,    Lon.,    1763, 
12mo.     New  ed.,  1854,  32mo. 

"An  excellent  devotional  treatise." — Bicker  steMs  C.  S. 

3.  Improvement  of  the  Church  Catechism,  1775, 12mo. 
4.  Evangel.  Principles  and  Practice,  1762,  8vo.     New  ed., 
Oxf.,  1835,  12mo.     5.  Trans,  of  the  New  Test,  from  the 
Greek,  Lon.,  1795,  8vo. 

"  His  qualifications  were  not  equal  to  the  task,  and  his  work 
has  not  attracted  any  attention." — Orme's  Bibl.  Bib. 

6.  Hist,  of  the  Church  of  Christ,  1800,  3  vols.  8vo. 
Severely  criticized  by  Dean  Isaac  Milner,  Camb.,  1800, 
8vo,  &G.  See  an  account  of  the  controversy  in  Lowndes's 
Brit.  Lib.,  1288. 

Hawes,  Barbara.  Tales  of  the  North  American 
Indians,  1620-1776,  Lon.,  1844,  fp.  8vo. 

"  We  cannot  say  any  thing  of  this  entertaining  collection  more 
descriptive  or  appropriate  than  that  it  forms  an  admirable  intro 
duction  to  Catlin's  book.  It  is  impossible  to  over-estimate  the 
importance  to  this  country  of  carefully  instructing  its  youth  in 
the  history  and  character  of  the  natives  of  its  colonies  and  settle 
ments." — Lon.  Atlas. 

Hawes,  Benjamin,  Jr.,  M.P.  The  Abolition  of 
Arrest  and  Imprisonment  for  Debt  considered,  Lon.,  1836, 
8vo.  See  McCulloch's  Lit.  of  Polit.  Econ.,  132. 

Hawes,  Edward.  Trayterovs  Percyes  and  Gates- 
byes  Prosopopeia,  Lon.,  1606,  4to.  This  poetical  tract  of 
12  leaves,  written  by  a  "youth  of  sixteen  yeeres  old,"  was 
sold  at  Sotheby's  in  1821  for  £16;  Bibl.  Anglo-Poet.,  £40. 

Hawes,  Joel,  D.D.,  of  Connecticut.  1.  Lects.  to 
Young  Men,  on  Character  and  Reading,  Hartford,  1848. 
Reviewed  in  Chris.  Month.  Spec.,  x.  474;  Spirit  of  the 


Pilgrims,  ii.  47.  2.  Religion  of  the  East,  with  Impressions 
of  Foreign  Travel.  3.  Letters  on  Universalism,  N.  York, 
18mo.  4.  A  Tribute  to  the  Memory  of  the  Pilgrims,  Hart 
ford,  12mo.  Reviewed  in  Chris.  Exam.,  x.  297;  Chris. 
Quar.  Spec.,  (by  J.  Leavitt,)  iii.  358. 

Hawes,  Miss  Mary  Virginia,  a  native  of  Rich 
mond,  Virginia,  daughter  of  Samuel  P.  Hawes,  late  of  Dor 
chester,  Mass.,  has  pub.  three  popular  novels  under  the  nom 
de  plume  of  Marion  Harland.  1.  Alone;  a  Tale  of  Southern 
Life  and  Manners,  Richmond,  1854, 12mo.  Repub.  in  Lon 
don  in  the  same  year.  Noticed  in  the  Lon.  Athenaeum, 
1854, 1397.  In  America  the  19th  ed.  was  pub.  in  February, 
1856.  2.  The  Hidden  Path,  N.  York,  1855, 12mo. 

"  This  is  an  improvement  upon  the  author's  last  story  of  Alone, 
reviewed  by  us  on  its  appearance.  There  is  more  pith  and  con 
sistency  in  the  plot,  and  very  much  less  fine  writing;  fewer  pro 
vincialisms,  both  of  thought  and  expression.  The  incidents  of 
ordinary  life  are  still  treated  too  grandly." — Lon.  Athen. 

3.  Moss-Side,  N.  York,  1857,  12mo. 

Hawes,  Robert,  and  Robert  Loder.  Hist  of 
Framlingham,  Woodbridge,  1798,  4to. 

Hawes,  Samuel.     Missionary  Poems,  1800. 

Hawes,  Stephen,  an  English  poet,  Groom  of  the 
Privy  Chamber  to  Henry  VII.,  is  best  known  by  his 
Temple  of  Glasse,  4to,  The  Conuersion  of  Swerers,  4to, 
and  The  Pass  Tyme  of  Pleasure,  1517,  4to. 

"  If  the  poems  of  Rowlie  are  not  genuine,  the  EASTIME  OF  PLEA 
SURE  is  almost  the  only  effort  of  imagination  and  invention  which 
had  appeared  in  our  poetry  since  Chaucer." — Warton's  Hist,  of 
Eng.  Poet. 

"  Those  who  require  the  ardent  words  or  the  harmonious  grace 
of  poetical  diction  will  not  frequently  be  content  with  Hawes. 
Unlike  many  of  our  older  versifiers,  he  would  be  judged  more  un 
favourably  by  extracts  than  by  a  general  view  of  his  long  work, 
[The  Pass  Tyme  of  Pleasure.]  He  is  rude,  obscure,  full  of  pedantic 
Latinisms,  and  probably  has  been  disfigured  in  the  press;  but 
learned  and  philosophical,  reminding  us  frequently  of  the  school 
of  James  I." — Hallam's  Lit.  Hist,  of  Europe. 

"That  he  is  greatly  superior  to  many  of  his  immediate  pre 
decessors  and  contemporaries,  in  harmonious  versification  and 
clear  expression,  will  appear  from  the  following  stanza: 
"  'Besydes  this  gyaunt,  upon  every  tree,'"  &c. 

Warton's  Hist,  of  Eng.  Poet. 

See  also  Bliss's  Wood's  Athen  Oxon.;  Ellis's  Specimens; 
Brydges's  Phillips's  Theat.  Poet.;  Censura  Literaria  ; 
Ritson's  Bibl.  Poet. ;  Dibdin's  Lib.  Comp. 

Hawes,  William,  M.D.,  1736-1808,  pub.  a  number 
of  works  on  medicine,  the  Humane  Society,  and  Bills  of 
Mortality,  Lon.,  1774-95.  He  pub.  An  Account  of  the 
late  Dr.  Goldsmith's  last  Illness  so  far  as  relates  to  the 
Exhibition  of  James's  Powders,  1774,  4to,  3  eds. 

Hawes,  William  Post,  b.  1821,  in  the  city  of  New 
York,  was  a  popular  contributor  to  the  New  York  Mirror, 
the  American  Monthly  Magazine,  The  Spirit  of  the  Times 
and  Turf  Register,  and  other  periodicals.  A  collection 
of  his  writings  was  pub.  in  1842,  shortly  after  his  death, 
entitled  Sporting  Scenes  and  Sundry  Sketches,  being  the 
Miscellaneous  Writings  of  J.  Cypress,  Jr.  Edited,  with  a 
memoir,  by  Henry  William  Herbert. 

Hawke,  Hon.  Annabella  Eliza  Cassandra. 
Babylon,  and  other  Poems,  Lon.,  181 1,  8vo. 

Hawke,  Hon.  Martin  Bladder,  brother  to  the 
preceding.  1.  The  Ranger;  a  Collec.  of  Periodical  Essays 
by  M.  Hawke  and  Sir  R.  Vincent,  Bart.,  1794,  8vo ;  2d 
ed.,  1795,  2  vols.  12mo. 

Hawke,  Michael.  1.  The  Right  of  Dominion,  and 
Property  of  Liberty,  whether  National,  Civil,  or  Religious, 
Lon.,  1655.  2.  Killing  is  Murder ;  against  a  Pamphlet  of 
W.  Allen,  entit.  Killing  no  Murder,  1657,  4to.  3.  Grounds 
of  the  Laws  of  England,  1657,  4to. 

Hawker,  Capt.  R.  A.  Journal  of  a  Regimental 
Officer  during  the  late  Campaign  in  Portugal  and  Spain, 
1810,  8vo. 

Hawker,  Essex.  The  Wedding;  an  Opera,  Lon., 
1729,  8vo. 

Hawker,  Lieut.-Col.  P.,  R.A.  Instructions  to 
Young  Sportsmen  in  all  that  relates  to  Guns  and  Shoot 
ing,  2d  ed.,  Lon.,  1816,  8vo;  9th  ed.,  1844,  8vo.  Amer. 
ed.  from  the  9th  Lon.  ed.,  to  which  is  added  The  Hunting 
and  Shooting  of  N.  America,  edited  by  W.  T.  Porter, 
editor  of  the  N.  York  Spirit  of  the  Times,  Phil.,  1846,  8vo; 
10th  Lon.  ed.,  1854,  8vo. 

"  Colonel  Hawker  expounds  the  whole  rationale  of  shooting  with 
clearness,  fulness,  and  vivacity." — Edin.  Rev. 

"  Colonel  Hawker  is  one  of  the  best  shots  in  England,  and  his 
Instructions  to  Sportsmen  the  very  best  book  we  have  on  the 
subject."— Blackwootfs  Magazine  ;  see  xxi.  Ill;  xxviii.  311. 

"  Proves  the  writer  to  be  the  great  gun  in  all  matters  which 
concern  the  sports  of  the  field." — Lon.  Lit.  Gazette. 

Hawker,  Robert,  1753-1827,  a  Calvinistic  divine,  a 
native  of  Exeter,  Vicar  of  Charles-the-Martyr,  Plymouth, 
for  fifty  years,  pub.  many  serms.  and  theolog.  works,  among 


HAW 


HAW 


the  best-known  of  which  are  The  Commentary  on  the  Old 
and  N.  Test,,  1816,  9  vols.,  40  Parts,  Svo;  new  ed.,  1842, 
3  vols.  4to :  The  Poor  Man's  Comment,  on  the  N.  Test, 
1816,  4  vols.  12mo  :  The  Poor  Man's  Comment,  on  the  Old 
Test,  1822,  6  vols.'l2mo  ;  Concord,  and  Diet  to  the  Bible, 
new  ed.,  1846,  12mo;  Zion's  Pilgrim,  15th  ed.,  1854, 18mo; 
Poor  Man's  Morning  and  Evening  Portion,  new  ed.,  1855, 
12mo.  There  are  two  vols.  of  selections  from  his  Com 
mentary  on  the  Bible :— Spiritual  Reflections  on  the  Seve 
ral  Chapters  of  Holy  Scripture,  1845,  p.  8vo.  A  collective 
ed.  of  his  Works,  with  a  Memoir  of  his  Life  and  Writings, 
by  the  Rev.  John  Williams,  D.D.,  of  Stroud,  was  pub.  in 
1831,  in  10  vols.  8vo,  £4  4s. ;  r.  8vo,  £5  15s.  &d.  His 
commentary  is  better  suited  for  the  closet  than  the  library. 
Mr.  Bickersteth  describes  it  as 

"Calvinistic  and  full  of  the  Saviour,  but  wanting  in  just  cri 
ticism."—  Christian  Student. 

"It  was  said  of  the  celebrated  commentators  Cocceius  and 
Grotius,  that  the  one  found  Christ  everywhere,  and  the  other 
nowhere.  Dr.  Hawker  is  of  the  former  school,  and  Jesus  is  the 
name  which  he  everywhere  '  delighteth  to  honour.'  He  writes 
with  great  modesty:  the  general  design  is  good,  and  its  tendency 
excellent." — DR.  WILLIAMS. 

The  plan  is  as  follows: — 1.  An  introduction  to  every 
book,  and  a  table  of  contents  to  each  chapter.  2.  Re 
ferences  to  other  passages  of  Scripture,  by  way  of  illustra 
tion,  with  occasional  elucidations  and  remarks.  3.  Reflec 
tions  at  the  close  of  each  chapter,  by  way  of  improvement. 

Hawkcs,  W.  R.  Gaul,  King  of  Ragah;  a  Tragic 
Drama,  1813. 

Hawkcs,  Wm.     Serms.,  Liverp.,  1823,  2  vols.  8vo. 

"  A  man  of  deep  reflection,  and  a  very  perspicuous  and  correct 
writer."— DR.  SAML.  PARR. 

Hawkesbury,  Lord,  Earl  of  Liverpool.  1.  Speech 
in  H.  of  C.,  Lon.,  1800,  8vo.  2.  Speech  in  H.  of  Lords, 
1805. 

HawkesAVOrth,  Miss.  Relics  of  Antiquity:  forty- 
eight  Plates,  with  descrip.,  1811. 

Hawkesworth,  John,  LL.D.,  1715  or  '19-1773,  a 
native  of  London,  is  best  known  as  the  editor  of  The 
Adventurer,  (pub.  Nov.  7,  1752- March  9,  1754,)  and  the 
author  of  70  or  72  of  its  140  numbers.  He  was  also  a 
contributor  to  the  Gentleman's  Magazine ;  pub.  some 
Tales, — Edgar  and  Emmeline,  and  Almoran  and  Hamet, — 
1761 ;  edited  Swift's  Works  and  Letters,  with  his  Life, 
1765-66;  pub.  a  trans,  of  Telemachus  in  1768;  wrote 
Zimri,  an  excellent  oratorio,  and  other  plays;  and  in 
1773  (3  vols.  4to)  gave  to  the  world  an  Account  of  the  Voy 
ages  of  Byron,  Wallis,  Cartaret,  and  Cook.  By  this  last 
publication,  for  which  he  was  engaged  by  the  Govern 
ment,  he  gained  £6000, — not  unalloyed  by  severe  censure 
for  moral  improprieties  in  his  description  of  savage  life, 
for  alleged  nautical  errors  and  scientific  defects.  Vol.  i. 
contains  the  voyages  of  Byron,  Wallis,  and  Cartaret. 
Captain  Cook's  first  voyage  occupies  vol.  ii.  and  iii. 
They  were  trans,  and  pub.  in  German  and  French  in  the 
following  year.  See  COOK,  CAPTAIN  JAMES.  He  was  an 
imitator  of  Dr.  Johnson,  and  in  his  youth  was  one  of  the 
few  pupils  of  which  the  doctor's  school  could  boast  He 
was  a  zealous  promoter  of  the  interests  of  religion  and 
morality,  and,  we  have  reason  to  believe,  deeply  regretted 
the  faults  for  which  his  work  on  the  Voyages  of  Byron, 
Ac.  was  justly  blamed. 

As  a  writer  he  occupies  the  first  rank  among  English 
classical  essayists.  Dr.  Johnson,  in  his  Lives  of  the  Eng 
lish  Poets,  referring  to  Hawkesworth's  Life  of  Swift, 
characterizes  the  author  as  one 

"  Capable  of  dignifying  his  narrations  with  elegance  of  language 
and  force  of  sentiment." — Life,  of  Swift. 

The  two  biographies  are  thus  contrasted  by  a  diligent 
student  of  English  literature  : 

"  Read  Hawkesworth's  Life  of  Swift ;  of  whose  character  and 
conduct  but  an  imperfect  idea  is  given  by  the  narrative  of  John 
son.  Hawkesworth  is  much  more  communicative  and  interest 
ing  ;  and  the  minuteness  and  simplicity  with  which  he  details 
the  few  but  deplorable  incidents  of  the  last  four  years  of  Swift's 
life  are  highly  affecting.  The  circumstance  of  his  struggling  to 
express  himself,  after  a  silence  broken  but  once  for  more  than  a 
year,  and,  finding  all  his  efforts  ineffectual,  heaving  a  deep  sigh, 
quite  cleaves  the  heart."— Green's  Diary  of  a  Lover  of  Literature, 
Ucc.  ii)  i7yo. 

One  of  the  ablest  and  most  elegant  critics  in  the  lan 
guage  presents  us  with  a  most  agreeable  portrait  of  Dr. 
Hawkesworth,  from  which  we  give  a  brief  extract: 

« His  imagination  was  fertile  and  brilliant,  his  diction  pure, 

elegant,  and  unaffected; his  manners  were  polished  and 

affable,  and  his  conversation  has  been  described  as  uncommonly 
fascinating,— as  combining  instruction  and  entertainment  with  a 
flow  of  words  which,  though  unstudied,  was  yet  concisely  and 
appropriately  eloquent."— Literary  Life  of  Dr.  Hawkesworth:  Dr. 
Drake's  Essays,  vol.  T.,  q.  v. 

See  also  Sir  John  Hawkins's  Life  of  Dr.  Johnson ;  Bos- 


well's  Life  of  Dr.  Johnson ;  Disraeli's  Calamities  of 
Authors ;  Dibdin's  Lib.  Comp. ;  Chalmers's  Biog.  Diet. ; 
Gent  Mag. ;  Pref.  to  The  Adventurer ;  W.  H.  Prescott's 
Miscellanies,  ed.  1855,  Bost,  p.  529. 

Hawkesworth,  Richard,  LL.D.  Travels  in  South 
America,  1799-1804;  trans,  from  the  French  of  Humboldt 
and  Bonpland,  Lon.,  1806,  8vo.  M.  de  Bonpland  died 
1857,  at  the  ripe  age  of  84.  A  letter  of  his,  written  to  a 
member  of  the  Geographical  Society  at  Paris,  was  read  at 
its  meeting,  May  5,  1856. 

Hawkins,  A.  1.  Hist,  of  the  Turkish  Empire,  1300- 
1740,  from  the  French  of  Mignot,  Lon.,  1788,  4  vols.  Svo. 
2.  The  Works  of  Claudian,  in  English  verse,  1817,  2  vols. 
Svo. 

"Claudian  I  recommend  to  your  careful  perusal,  as  properly 
the  first  of  the  moderns,  or,  at  least,  the  transitional  link  be 
tween  the  Classic  and  the  Gothic  mode  of  thought.'' — COLERIDGE. 

3.  On  some  Exotics;  Trans.  Hortic.  Soc.,  1815. 

Hawkins,  Caesar.     Acct  of  S.  Lee,  Lon.,  1754,  Svo. 

Hawkins,  Sir  Christopher.  Observ.  on  the  Tin 
Trade  of  the  Ancients  in  Cornwall,  1811,  r.  Svo. 

Hawkins,  Edward,  D.D.,  Provost  of  Oriel  College, 
Preb.  of  Rochester  and  Ireland  Professor.  l.Unauthorita- 
tive  Tradition,  Oxf.,  1819,  Svo.  Reviewed  in  Lon.  Quar. 
Rev.,  xxi.  352.  2.  Discourses  on  the  Historical  Scriptures 
of  the  Old  Test,  1833,  Svo.  3.  Serm.,  1  Thess.  v.  21, 
1838,  Svo.  4.  Christian  Truth ;  8  Bampton  Lects.  for 
1840,  1840,  Svo.  5.  Serm.,  2  Tim.  i.  6,  7,  2d  ed.,  Lon., 
1842,  Svo.  6.  Serms.  on  the  Church,  1847,  8vo.  7.  In- 
aug.  Lect,  1848,  Svo.  8.  Serms.  on  Scriptural  Types, 
1851,  Svo.  9.  Psalms,  Lessons,  and  Prayers,  for  every 
Morning  and  Evening  in  the  Week,  2d  ed.,  1855,  12mo. 

Hawkins,  Edward,  Keeper  of  the  Coins  in  British 
Museum.  Silver  Coins  of  England,  Lon.,  1841,  Svo. 

Hawkins,  Ernest,  Preb.  of  St.  Paul's,  and  Sec.  to 
the  Society  for  the  Propagation  of  the  Gospel.  1.  Hist. 
Notices  of  the  C.  of  Eng.  Missions  to  N.  Amer.  Colonies 
previous  to  the  Independence  of  the  U.  States,  Lon.,  1845. 
This  vol.,  which  is  of  great  historical  interest,  is  composed 
of  the  MS.  Letters,  Reports,  <fcc.  of  the  missionaries  in 
N.  York,  N.  England,  &c.  to  the  Society  for  the  Propaga 
tion  of  the  Gospel,  now  in  their  archives.  2.  Annals  of 
the  Colonial  Church,  1847,  fp.  8vo.  3.  Annals  of  the 
Diocese  of  Quebec,  1849,  fp.  Svo. 

Hawkins,  Francis.  1.  Youths'  Behaviour;  from  tho 
French,  Lon.,  1646, 12mo;  1663,  sm.  Svo  ;  9th  impression, 
1668,  sm.  Svo.  See  Lowndes's  Bibl.  Man.,  2000.  2.  Con 
fession  of  E.  Fitz-Harris,  1681,  4to.  3.  Discourse  with 
do.,  1681. 

Hawkins,  George.  Female  Education,  Lon.,  1781, 
12mo. 

Hawkins,  Griffith.  Arming  Merchants'  Vessels, 
1812. 

Hawkins,  H.  A  Reform  in  Parliament  the  ruin  of 
Parliament,  1813,  Svo. 

Hawkins,  Henry,  and  Hawkins,  Lsetitia  Ma 
tilda,  son  and  daughter  of  Sir  John  Hawkins,  (1719- 
1789.)  Sermonets,  Lon.,  1814,  Svo. 

Hawkins,  Henry.  Warrants  of  Attorney,  Lon., 
1844,  12mo. 

Hawkins,  Isaac.   Longitude  at  Sea,  Lon.,  1714,  Svo. 

Hawkins,  Sir  John,  M.P.,  1520  P-1595,  an  eminent 
naval  commander,  distinguished  himself  in  the  prepara 
tions  made  to  confront  the  Spanish  Armada,  and  made 
several  voyages  to  Spain,  Portugal,  the  Canaries,  <fcc.  A 
true  Declaratio  of  the  Troublesome  Voyage  (the  second) 
of  Mr.  John  Hawkins  to  the  partes  of  Guynea  and  the 
West  Indies,  1567  and  '68,  Lon.,  1569,  Svo.  Also  in  the 
first  vols.  of  the  Collections  of  Purchas  and  Churchill. 

"  If  the  result  of  English  Embassies,  having  for  their  object 
many  things  in  common  with  those  of  the  Portuguese,  be  a-t  all  a 
topic  which  weighs  with  the  Collector  of  Travels,  let  him  form  an 
acquaintance  with  the  text  of  Hawkins  and  Roe." — Dibdin's  Lib. 
Comp. 

Hawkins,  John.  His  Serm.  on  Prov.  i.  4,  entitled 
A  Sallade  for  the  Simple,  Lon.,  1595,  Svo. 

Hawkins,  John.     See  HAWKINS,  WILLIAM. 

Hawkins,  John,  M.D.  Discursus  de  Melancholia 
Hypochondriaca,  Heid.,  1633,  4to. 

Hawkins,  John.  The  Key  of  Commerce,  Lon., 
1689,  4to. 

Hawkins,  John.     Two  Serms.,  Lon.,  1725,  Svo. 

Hawkins,  Sir  John,  1719-1789,  a  descendant  of  the 
eminent  naval  commander  of  the  same  name,  was  de 
signed  for  his  father's  trade, — house-building  and  survey 
ing, — but  preferred  the  study  of  the  law,  and  became  an 
attorney  and  solicitor.  In  1749  he  was  admitted  a  member 
of  a  club  which  originated  with  Mr.  (afterwards  Dr.)  John- 


HAW 

son,  composed  of  nine  members,  and  meeting  on  Tuesday 
evenings  at  the  King's  Head,  in  Ivy-lane,  near  St.  Paul's. 
In  1753  he  was  married  to  Miss  Sidney  Storer ;  and,  having 
thus  come  into  the  possession  of  a  large  fortune,  he  retired 
from  business,  and  devoted  himself  to  literary  pursuits 
and  magisterial  duties.  In  1760  he  edited  Walton's  Com 
plete  Angler,  with  Notes,  1  vol.  8vo,  and  a  Life;  in  1761 
he  became  Justice  for  the  County  of  Middlesex;  in  1763 
he  was  elected  one  of  the  first  members  of  The  Literary 
Club;  in  1772  he  was  knighted;  in  1773  and  '78  he  con 
tributed  some  notes  to  Johnson's  and  Steevens's  edit,  of 
Shakspeare ;  in  1776  he  pub.,  in  5  vols.  4to,  his  General 
History  of  the  Science  and  Practice  of  Music ;  and  in 
1787  pub.,  in  11  vols.  8vo,  an  edit,  of  The  Life  and  Works 
of  Dr.  Johnson.  He  was  highly  valued  by  his  distin 
guished  friend,  drew  up  his  will  at  his  request,  and  con 
sented  to  serve  as  one  of  his  executors.  Of  Sir  John's 
principal  work,  to  which  he  devoted  the  labour  of  sixteen 
years,— the  History  of  Music,— we  have  already  had  occa 
sion  to  speak  at  length  in  our  life  of  CHARLES  BURNEY, 
Mus.  Doc.,  to  which  the  reader  is  referred.  Some  inte 
resting  criticisms  upon  Sir  John's  History,  impugning  its 
accuracy  and  judgment,  will  be  found  in  the  London 
Athenaeum,  1849,  284,  338;  1854,  436;  and  in  Black- 
wood's  Mag.,  1830,  475-476.  We  have  already  stated- 
see  p.  300 — that  in  1819  Dr.  Busby  pub.  a  General  History 
of  Music,  abridged  from  the  works  of  Burney  and  Haw 
kins,  in  2  vols.  8vo.  Since  we  wrote  Burney's  life,  a  new 
edit,  of  Sir  John's  work  has  appeared,  with  the  author's 
Posthumous  Notes,  Lon.,  1854.  This  reprint  is  thus  no 
ticed  by  an  eminent  authority  : 

"  Sir  John's  book,  if  it  is  to  be  consulted  as  an  authority  in 
competition  with  Burney's,  demands  skilled  and  search  ing  editor 
ship,  and  such  verification  of  every  statement  as  few  possess 
either  sufficient  time  or  knowledge  to  administer.  No  process  of 
the  kind,  it  is  needless  to  say,  has  been  attempted  with  regard  to 
the  present  edition;  and  this  makes  the  tone  of  panegyric  or 
apology  in  the  preface  unadvisable,  as  provoking  comparison  and 
reply ,"—Lon.  Athenceum,  1854, 436. 

As  regards  Sir  John's  Life  and  Works  of  Dr.  Johnson, 
the  reader  of  Boswell — and  who  is  not? — must  receive 
the  censures  of  the  latter  on  this  publication  cum  grano 
salis.  A  competent  judge  remarks  in  one  of  the  first  of 
his  many  excellent  annotations  upon  Boswell's  Life  of 
Johnson : 

"  I  will  here  observe,  once  for  all,  that  Mr.  Boswell  is  habitually 
unjust  to  Sir  J.  Hawkins,  whose  Life  of  Johnson  (published  in 
1787)  is  by  no  means  so  inaccurate  or  unsatisfactory  as  he  repre 
sents  it.  He  borrowed  largely  from  it,  and  it  contains  a  great 
deal  of  Johnsonian  life  which  Mr.  Boswell  had  not  the  opportunity 
of  seeing." — JOHN  WILSON  CROKEK. 

In  early  life  Sir  John  was  a  contributor  to  the  Gentle 
man's  Magazine,  the  Universal  Spectator,  and  the  West 
minster  Journal.  In  some  of  the  essays  thus  contributed 
the  author  favoured  the  public  with  specimens  of  hi; 
poetical  abilities.  In  addition  to  the  works  already  no 
ticed,  he  pub.  Observations  on  the  Highways,  in  1763,  8vo 
a  Charge  to  a  Grand  Jury,  in  1770, 8vo,  and  another  Charg 
to  a  General  Jury,  in  1780,  8vo,  and  a  Dissertation  on  th 
Armorial  Ensigns  of  Middlesex  and  Westminster,  in  1780 
4to.  For  further  information  respecting  Sir  John  Haw 
kins,  who  was  really  a  very  respectable  character  both  in 
public  and  private  life,  we  refer  the  reader  to  an  interest 
ing  memoir  in  Chalmers's  Biog.  Diet.,  drawn  up  from 
materials  furnished  by  the  deceased  knight.  See  als< 
Walpole's  Anecdotes  of  Painting;  Disraeli's  Quarrels  oJ 
Authors;  Gent. Mag.,  June,  1814,  551-553;  July,  1814,  12 
Hawkins,  John.  The  Quina-Quina  of  Peru;  Trans 
Linn.  Soc.,  1794. 

Hawkins,  John.    Machine  for  cutting  Paper  an 
the  Edges  of  Books ;  Nic.  Jour.,  1806. 

Hawkins,  John.  On  Daniel,  chap,  ii.,  Lon.,1815,8vo 
Hawkins,  John  Sidney,  d.  1842,  aged  85,  eldes 
son  of  Sir  John  Hawkins,  and  brother  to  Henry  an 
Lsetitia  Matilda  Hawkins.  1.  Ruggles's  Latin  Comedy  o 
Ignoramus,  Lon.,  1787,  8vo ;  best  ed.  2.  Rigaud's  trans 
of  Da  Vinci's  Treatise  on  Painting,  with  a  Life  of  D 
Vinci  by  the  editor,  1802,  8vo.  3.  Observ.  on  Gothi 
Architecture,  1813,  r.  8vo.  4.  An  Inquiry  into  the  Natur 
and  Principles  of  Thorough  Bass,  1817,  8vo.  5.  An  In 
quiry  into  the  Nature  and  History  of  Greek  and  Lati 
Poetry,  1817,  8vo.  6,  7.  Two  tracts  in  vindication  o 
himself  against  the  charges  of  John  Thomas  Smith,  1807 
8vo,  and  1808,  8vo.  8.  Contrib.  to  Carter's  Antient  Sculp 
ture  and  Painting.  9.  Con.  to  Schnebbelie's  Antiquarie 
Museum,  1791.  10.  Con.  to  Gent.  Mag.,  1809-25.  See 
biographical  notice  of  Mr.  Hawkins  in  Gent.  Mag.,  1842 
Pt.  2,  662-664;  see  also  Disraeli's  Quarrels  of  Authors 
Gent  Mag.,  June,  1814,  551-553  ;  July,  1814,  12-13. 


HAW 

Hawkins,  Miss  Laetitia  Matilda,  a  daughter  of 
ir  John  Hawkins,  (1719-89.)  1.  Siegwart;  a  Tale,  from 
he  German,  1806,  3  vols.  12mo.  2.  The  Countess  and 
jrertrude ;  a  Nov.,  Lon.,  1811,  4  vols.  8vo.  3.  Rosanne, 
814,  3  vols.  8vo.  4.  Sermonets :  see  HAWKINS,  HENRY. 
.  Anecdotes,  1823, 8vo.  6.Memoirs,  Biographical  Sketches, 
Anecdotes,  Ac.,  1824,  2  vols.  p.  8vo. 

"An  immense  number  of  well-known  personages  are  here 
rought  under  review.  It  contains  humour  enough  to  fill  a 
ozen  modern  jest-books." 

"  This  highly-amusing  writer  has  observed  no  order  of  march, 
ut  has  strung  her  pearls  together  as  they  came  to  hand,  giving 
ere  an  account  of  her  Cither's  neighbours  in  Twickenham,  then 
f  his  musical  friends,  now  of  these  who  visited  at  his  table,  and 
hen  of  those  who  were  met  at  the  houses  of  friends :  in  short,  it ' 
xhibits  a  specimen  of  perfect  gossiping." — Goodhugh's  Lib.  Man. 
"The  redeeming  genius  of  that  family — the  genius  which,  like 
he  figure  of  the  antients,  bears  wings  on  its  shoulders  and  a 
lame  on  its  head— must  be  a  female !"— ISAAC  DISRAELI:  Gent. 
Mag.,  July,  1814, 12-13.  See  references  at  conclusion  of  the  last 
rticle. 

Hawkins,  Sir  Richard,  d.  1622,  a  son  of  Sir  John 
Hawkins,  (1520  ?-1595,)  like  his  father,  distinguished  him 
self  in  the  preparations  made  to  confront  the  Spanish 
Armada,  and  also  made  several  voyages.  1.  The  Observa 
tions  of  Sir  Richard  Hawkins,  Knight,  in  his  Voyage  to 
the  South  Sea,  A.D.  1593,  Lon.,  1622,  fol.  See  likewise 
3allander's  Voyages,  ii.  3,  1766.  2.  Discourse  of  the 
Natural  Excellence  of  England,  1658,  8vo.  See  Biog. 
Brit. ;  Prince's  Worthies  of  Devon ;  Bliss's  Wood's  Athen. 
Oxon.,  ii.  367-373. 

Hawkins,  Robert.     Life  of  G.  Lateby,  1707,  8vo. 
Hawkins,  Sir  Thomas.     1.  Trans,  of   Odes  of 
Horace,  Lon.,  1631,  8vo.    2.  Trans,  from  the  French  of 
the  Hist,  of  Sejanus,  and  of  Philippa,  Ac.,  1639,  12mo. 

Hawkins,  Thomas.  Origin  of  the  English  Drama 
illustrated  in  its  various  species,  viz. :  Mystery,  Morality, 
Tragedy,  and  Comedy,  by  Specimens  from  our  earliest 
Writers.  With  Explan.  Notes,  Oxf.,  1773,  3  vols.  12mo. 
A  catalogue  of  the  contents  of  these  vols.  (also  of  Dods- 
ley's  Collection  of  Old  Plays)  will  be  found  in  Harris's 
Cat.  of  the  Royal  Institution. 

Hawkins,  Thomas.  Comment,  upon  the  I.,  II., 
and  III.  Epistles  of  St.  John,  Halifax  and  Lon.,  1808,  8vo. 
Hawkins,  W.  Life  of  Bishop  Ken,  Lon.,  1713,  8vo. 
Hawkins,  W.  B.  The  Whole  Duty  of  Man ;  a  new 
ed.,  revised  and  corrected,  Lon.,  1842,  fp.  8vo.  This  ed. 
contains  an  Introduction,  endeavouring  to  throw  some 
light  on  the  author,  with  notices  of  the  various  persons  to 
whom  the  authorship  has  been  attributed.  Amongst 
others  to  whom  this  celebrated  work  has  been  ascribed 
are  Archbishops  Sancroft  and  Frewen,  Bishops  Fell, 
Chapel,  and  Atterbury,  Lawrence  Sterne,  Abraham  Wood- 
head,  Wm.  Fulman,  Richard  Allestree,  and  Lady  Dorothy 
Pakington.  The  first  ed.  was  pub.,  Lon.,  1659,  12mo. 
In  English  there  have  been  many  eds.,  and  it  has  been 
trans,  into  Latin,  French,  &c.  A  vol.  entitled  The  Works 
of  the  Author  of  the  Whole  Duty  of  Man  was  pub.  in 
1682,  2  vols.  12mo;  1684,  '87,  '95, 1704,  '26,  fol.  Respect 
ing  the  qucestio  vexata  of  authorship,  we  must  refer  the 
reader  to  Mr.  Hawkins's  Introduction,  just  noticed;  Dr. 
Lort's  essay  in  Nichols's  Lit.  Anec.,  ii.  597-604;  Dr. 
Hickes's  dedication  of  his  Anglo-Saxon  Grammar;  Nash' a 
Hist,  of  Worcestershire,  i.  352;  Lowndes's  Brit.  Lib.  620, 
691;  Lowndes's  Bibl.  Man.,  1942;  Miller's  Fly-Leaves, 
1st  Ser.,  1854,  89 ;  and  the  Lives  of  ALLESTREE,  RICHARD, 
D.D. ;  FELL,  JOHN,  D.D.,  in  this  Dictionary.  For  a  table 
of  the  contents  of  the  Works  of  the  Author  of  the  Whole 
Duty  of  Man,  see  Darling's  Cyc.  Bibl.,  3194.  The  ques 
tion,  perhaps, — like  the  authorship  of  the  ICON  BASILIKE 
and  of  the  LETTERS  OF  JUNIUS, — may  still  be  considered 
an  open  one  : 

"  The  author  still  remains  undiscovered.  Millions  of  his  books 
have  been  dispersed  in  the  Christian  world." — Curiosities  of 
Literature. 

Undoubtedly  the  merits — both  theological  and  literary 
— of  The  Whole  Duty  of  Man  are  very  great,  although 
as  a  divinity-treatise  Mr.  Bickersteth  thinks  it  not  unex 
ceptionable  : 

"  The  Whole  Duty  of  Man  was  a  practical  book  to  counteract 
the  Antinomians,  and  contains  an  impressive  introduction  on  the 
care  of  the  soul ;  the  devotional  part  is  full  and  useful,  and  it  has 
a  good  statement  of  relative  duties,  but  it  does  not  exhibit  pro 
minently  the  only  principles  and  strength  on  which  man  can 
perform  them." 

"  Happy  is  the  man  that  can  form  his  style  upon  that  of  Arch 
bishop  Tillotson,  and  in  plain,  practical  preaching  upon  the 
rational,  instructive,  and  familiar  way  of  the  Whole  Duty  of 
Man." — DEAN  STANHOPE. 

"  The  writer  deserves  to  be  numbered  with  Cowley  as  one  of -the 
earliest  purifiers  of  English  style  from  pedantry.  After  the  lapse 
of  one  hundred  and  seventy  years  they  contain  scarcely  a  word  or 
phrase  which  has  become  superannuated." — JEdin.  ^ev- 


HAW 


HAW 


Hawkins,  William.  I.Apollo  Shroving;  a  Comedy, 
Lon.,  12mo.  Acted  Feb.  6,  1626.  In  the  index  to  War- 
ton's  Hist,  of  Eng.  Poet.,  1840,  this  is  said  to  be  by  John 
Hawkins  ;  but  Lowndes  correctly  calls  him  William :  see 
his  Bibl.  Man.,  886.  2.  Corolla  varia  cantab.,  1634,  12mo. 
See  Lowndes,  ubi  supra. 

Hawkins,  William,  Sergeant-at-Law.  1.  Abridgt. 
of  Coke's  1st  Institute,  Lon.,  1711,  8vo.  Anon.  8th  ed., 
by  J.  Rudall,  1822,  12mo.  2.  Pleas  of  the  Crown,  1716, 
2  vols.  fol.  j  8th  ed.,  by  John  Curwood,  1824,  2  vols.  8vo. 
3.  Summary  of  the  Crown  Law,  1728,  2  vols.  8vo.  This  is 
an  abridgt.  of  No.  2.  4.  The  Statutes  at  Large  from 
Magna  Charta  to  7th  Geo.  II.,  1734-58,  6  vols.  j  and  3  vols. 
of  Supp.,  all  fol.  See  1  Cooper's  Pub.  Rec.,  133 ;  JJridg. 
Leg.  Bibl.,  324;  Brooke's  Bib.  Leg.  Ang.,  171. 

Hawkins,  William,  d.  1801,  aged  79,  Fellow  of 
Pembroke  Coll.,  Oxford,  Poetry  Professor  in  the  Univ.  of 
Oxford,  1751;  subsequently  Preb.  of  Wells,  Rector  of 
Casterton,  Rutlandshire,  and  Vicar  of  White-Church, 
Dorset.  1.  Serm.,  Oxon.,  1752,  8vo.  2.  Serm.,  Lon.,  1755, 
4to.  3.  Serm.,  1756,  8vo.  4.  Tracts  in  Divinity,  Oxf., 
1758,  8vo.  5.  Dramatic  and  other  Poems,  1758,  8vo.  6. 
Prselectiones  Poeticae,  1758,  8vo.  7.  The  JEneid  of  Virgil 
in  Eng.  Blank  Verse,  Lon.,  1764,  8vo.  8.  Serm.,  Oxon., 
1768,  8vo.  9.  Two  Serms.,  Lon.,  1773,  8vo.  10.  Dis 
course  on  Scripture  Mysteries  :  8  Serms.  at  Bampton 
Lect,  1787,  Oxf.,  1787,  8vo. 

"  His  erudition  and  labour  demand  our  commendation.  The 
annotations  are  useful  to  illustrate  many  passages  which,  from 
the  nature  of  the  composition,  would  not  admit  of  particular  ex 
tracts  or  more  minute  criticisms.  They  display  much  learning, 
and  an  intimate  acquaintance  with  the  subject/' — Lon.  Critical 
Review. 

11.  His  Works,  Lon.,  3  vols.  8vo. 

Hawkins,  William.     Poems,  1787,  8vo. 

Hawkins,  William.     Serm.,  Lon.,  1827,  8vo. 

Hawkridge,  John.     Fevers,  Lon.,  1764,  8vo. 

Hawks,  Miss,  now  Mrs.  B.  Gardel.  Conversa 
tions  on  Italy,  in  English  and  French,  Phila. 

Hawks,  Francis  Lister,  D.D.,  LL.D.,  one  of  the 
most  eminent  of  living  pulpit  orators,  was  born  at  New- 
bern,  North  Carolina,  June  10,  1798.  He  graduated  at 
the  University  of  North  Carolina  in  1815,  and  commenced 
the  practice  of  the  law  in  1819 ;  was  elected  to  the  Legis 
lature  of  his  native  State  in  1821 ;  ordained  a  minister  of 
the  Episcopal  Church  in  1827 ;  became  assistant  minister 
of  St.  James's  Church,  Philadelphia,  in  1829;  Rector  of 
St.  Stephen's  Church,  New  York,  in  1830;  Rector  of  St. 
Thomas's  Church,  New  York,  1832-43 ;  elected,  by  the 
General  Convention  of  the  Episcopal  Church,  Missionary 
Bishop  of  the  South  and  Southwest  in  1835,  but  de 
clined  the  office;  removed  to  Mississippi  in  1843,  and 
elected  bishop  of  that  diocese  in  1844, — but  not  conse 
crated,  in  consequence  of  some  intervening  difficulties; 
Rector  of  Christ  Church,  New  Orleans,  1844-49;  Rector 
of  Calvary  Church,  New  York,  1849,  to  the  present  date, 
1858.  Since  his  last  removal  to  New  York,  Dr.  Hawks 
had  declined  (about  1853)  the  bishopric  of  Rhode  Island. 

1.  Reports  of  Cases  adjudged  in  the  Supremo  Ct.  of  N. 
Carolina,  1820-26,  Raleigh,  1823-28,  4  vols.  8vo.  The 
first  248  pages  of  vol.  i.  were  reported  by  Thomas  Ruffin. 
2.  Digest  of  all  the  Cases  Decided  and  Reported  in  N. 
Carolina,  8vo.  3.  Contrib.  to  the  Ecclesiastical  Hist,  of 
the  U.  States :  I.  Hist,  of  the  Prot.  Epis.  Church  in  Vir 
ginia,  N.  York,  1836,  8vo  ;  II.  Hist,  of  the  Prot.  Epis. 
Church  in  Maryland,  1839,  8vo  ;  III.  Commentary  on 
the  Constitution  and  Canons  of  the  Prot.  Epis.  Church  in 
the  U.  States,  1841,  8vo.  4.  Egypt  and  its  Monuments  ; 
or,  Egypt  a  Witness  for  the  Bible,  1849,  8vo  and  12rno. 
The  reader  should  add  to  this  vol.  Journal  of  a  Voyage 
up  the  Nile  in  1848-49,  by  an  American.  5.  Auricular 
Confession  in  the  Prot.  Epis.  Church,  1850, 12mo.  6.  Trans, 
from  the  Spanish  of  Rivero  and  Tschudi's  Antiq.  of  Peru, 
1854.  7.  The  Romance  of  Biography,  illustrated  in  the 
Lives  of  Historic  Personages ;  edited  by  F.  L.  Hawks.  In 
12mo  vols.:  I.  Richard  the  Lion-Hearted,  1855;  II. Oliver 
Cromwell,  1855.  8.  The  Cyclopaedia  of  Biography,  based 
upon  Griffin's  Cyclopaedia  of  Biography,  edited  by  Mr. 
Ehhu  Rich,  and  pub.  by  Griffin  &  Co.,  London  and  Glas 
gow,  1854.  Amer.  ed.,  edited  by  F.  L.  Hawks,  N.  York, 
1856,  r.  8vo.  9.  Narrative  of  Commodore  Perry's  Expedi 
tion  to  the  China  Seas  and  Japan  in  1852-54 ;  compiled 
from  Perry's  original  Notes  and  Journals,  by  F.  L.  Hawks, 
1856,  4to  and  8vo.  See  N.  Amer.  Rev.,  April,  1856,  659- 
562;  July,  1856,  233-260.  10.  A  Physical  Geography  of  the 
United  States,  announced  for  1859.  Dr.  Hawks  has  edited 
severals  vols.  of  natural  history  and  American  annals  nub 
IN 


in  Harper's  Boys'  and  Girls'  Library  under  the  title  of  Uncle 
Philip's  Conversations ;  has  contributed  to  the  Protestant 
Episcopalian  of  Philadelphia,  1830-31;  to  the  New  York 
Review,  (established  by  him  in  1837,  and  pub.  until  1843;) 
to  the  Church  Record,  pub.  1840-42 ;  to  Arcturus,  a  Jour 
nal  of  Books  and  Opinions ;  and  to  Putnam's  Monthly 
Magazine.  He  also  edited  the  Official  and  other  State 
Papers  of  the  late  Major-General  Alexander  Hamilton, 
1842,  8vo.'  In  the  early  political  annals  of  the  country 
Dr.  Hawks  is  peculiarly  at  home,  and  perhaps  some  of  his 
best  compositions  will  be  found  in  the  historical  articles 
contributed  to  the  New  York  Review.  We  should  not 
omit  to  add  that  this  eloquent  divine  and  lucid  historian 
possesses  also  some  claims  to  the  bays  of  the  poet.  Dr. 
Hawks  has  been  engaged  for  several  years  in  the  prepara 
tion  of  a  work  on  the  Monuments  of  Central  and  Western 
America,  which  will  doubtless  prove  a  valuable  contribu 
tion  to  a  most  interesting  department  of  antiquarian 
research.  An  occasional  hour  snatched  from  professional 
duties  is  devoted  to  the  laborious  task  of  a  History  of 
North  Carolina, — a  subject  which  has  long  engaged  the 
anxious  interest  of  the  author.  Vol.  i.,  1584-91,  was  pub 
1857,  8vo. 

Hawkshead,  James.  On  Wills,  Lon.,  1826,  8vo. 
See  Hoffman's  Leg.  Stu.,  274. 

Hawkshaw,  John.  Reminiscences  of  South  Ame 
rica,  Lon.,  1838,  fp.  8vo. 

Hawksley,  John.     Serm.,  1813,  8vo. 

Hawksmoor,  Nicholas,  1666-3736,  an  eminent 
architect.  An  Hist.  Account  of  London  Bridge,  Lon., 
1736,  '38,  4to.  See  Walpole's  Anecdotes  of  Painting; 
Chalmers's  Biog.  Diet. 

Hawkyns,  George.  Serras.,  Lon.,  1731,  '44,  both  4to. 

Hawles,  John,  1645-1716,  an  English  lawyer,  a 
native  of  Salisbury.  1.  Grand  Juryman's  Oath  and  Office 
Explained,  Lon.,  1680,  4to.  Anon.  Pub.  in  1770,  12mo, 
under  the  title  of  The  Englishman's  Right,  &c.  2.  Trial 
of  E.  Fitzharris,  <fcc.,  1 689,  fol.  3.  Magistracy  of  England, 
Ac.,  1689,  fol. 

Hawley,  Gideon,  d.  1807,  aged  80,  many  years  a 
missionary  to  the  Indians,  stationed  at  Marshpee,  Mass., 
pub.  some  interesting  biographical  and  topographical 
matter  in  the  Hist.  Collec.  of  Mass. :  see  iii.  188-193  ; 
iv.  50-67. 

Haworth,  Adrian,  of  Cottenham,  near  Beverley, 
Yorkshire.  1.  Observ.  on  the  Genus  Mesembryanthe- 
mum,  Lon.,  1794,  8vo,  2  Pts.  2.  Lepidoptera  Britannica, 
1803-28,  8vo,  4  Pts.  A  work  of  great  value,  seldom  found 
complete.  3.  Synopsis  Plantarum  Succulentarum,  1812, 
8vo;  1819,  cr.  8vo.  4.  Saxifragearum  Enumeratio,  1821, 
cr.  8vo.  5.  Con.  to  Trans.  Linn.  Soc.,  1799, 1801.  6.  Con. 
to  Trans.  Hortic.  Soc.,  1815. 

Haworth,  Samuel,  M.D.  1.  Anatomy  of  Man's 
Soul  and  Body,  Lon.,  1680,  8vo.  2.  Curing  Consumptions, 
1682, 12mo  ;  1683,  8vo.  3.  A  Descrip.  of  the  Dukes  Bagnio 
and  Mineral  Bath,  and  new  Spaw,  Lon.,  1683, 12mo. 

Haworth,  Wm.     Hartford  Quakers,  1676,  4to. 

Hawtayne,  Wm.,  Rector  of  Datchworth,  Herts.  1. 
Serm.,  1714,  8vo.  2.  Serm.,  1716,  8vo. 

Hawtayne,  Wm.,  Rector  of  Ellstree,  Herts.  1.  XXI. 
Serms.,  1792,  8vo. 

"  The  subjects  are  of  an  interesting  and  important  nature.  The 
style  is,  on  the  whole,  easy  and  agreeable."— Lon.  Month.  Rev. 

2.  XXXI.  Serms.,  1813,  2  vols.  12mo. 

Hawthorn,  John,  Light  Dragoon  in  the  Inniskilling 
Regiment.  Poems,  Lon.,  1779,  4to. 

Hawthorne,  Nathaniel,  a  popular  American  writer, 
was  born  at  Salem,  Massachusetts,  about  1807,  and  gra 
duated  at  Bowdoin  College,  Maine,  in  1825.  His  earliest 
volume  was  an  anonymous  romance,  pub.  in  Boston  in 
1832.  This  work  he  has  never  thought  proper  to  claim, 
though  doubtless,  if  it  could  be  identified  by  the  public, 
it  would  be  read  with  great  interest  and  no  little  curiosity. 
In  1837  he  pub.  his  Twice-Told  Tales;  and  in  1842  he 
gave  to  the  world  a  second  series,  and  a  new  edit,  of  the 
first.  A  number  of  these  sketches  had  originally  made 
arance  in  The  Token, — an  annual  edited  by  S. 


G.  Goodrich, — and  in  other  periodicals.  The  title  Twice- 
Told  Tales  was  therefore  no  misnomer.  In  1845  he  edited 
The  Journal  of  an  African  Cruiser,  from  the  MS.  of  Mr. 
Horatio  Bridge,  of  the  U.  S.  Navy.  In  1846  he  pub.  a 
third  collection  of  magazine-papers,  under  the  title  of 
Mosses  from  an  Old  Manse.  In  the  Introduction  to  this 
work  will  be  found  some  interesting  autobiographical 
sketches,  to  which  we  must  refer  the  reader  for  informa 
tion  which  our  narrow  limits  exclude.  In  1843  he  became 
an  occupant  of  the  Old  Manse  in  Concord,  where  he  re- 


HAW 

sided  for  three  years,  passing  his  hours  in  literary  leisure, 
and  in  the  composition  of  some  of  his  most  charming 
sketches.  In  1846  he  received  the  appointment  of  Sur 
veyor  in  the  Custom-House  at  Salem,  which  post  he  re 
tained  for  about  a  twelvemonth,  when  a  change  of  admi 
nistration — that  grand  evil  of  American  politics — vacated 
a  desk  the  duties  of  which  had  been  as  faithfully  dis 
charged  as  if  the 

"  Ingenious  dreamer,  in  whose  well-told  tale 

Sweet  fiction  and  sweet  truth  alike  prevail," 
had  been  the  most  practical  and  every-day  character  ever 
venerated  by  a  merchant  or  worshipped  by  a  politician. 

In  1850  he  pub.  The  Scarlet  Letter,  a  romance  of  in 
tense  interest,  and  exhibiting  extraordinary  powers  of 
mental  analysis  and  graphic  description.  This  was  suc 
ceeded  in  1851  by  The  House  of  the  Seven  Gables,  one  of 
the  most  popular  of  his  productions,  and  in  1852  by  The 
Blithedale  Romance,  a  novel  founded  upon  his  experience 
as  a  member  of  The  Brook  Farm  Community.  Mr.  Haw 
thorne  has  also  pub.  another  selection  from  his  contribu 
tions  to  magazines  and  annuals,  entitled  The  Snow  Image, 
and  other  Twice-Told  Tales,  and  several  vols.  for  the 
Young : — Grandfather's  Chair,  True  Stories  from  History 
and  Biography,  (1851,)  The  Wonder-Book,  for  Girls  and 
Boys,  (1851,)  and  Tanglewood  Tales,  for  Girls  and  Boys, 
(1853.)  A  new  ed.  of  Mosses  from  an  Old  Manse  was  issued 
in  1854,  2  vols.  12mo,  and  a  new  ed.  of  Twice-Told  Tales 
in  1855,  2  vols.  16mo. 

We  should  not  omit  to  mention,  among  Mr.  Hawthorne's 
literary  labours,  his  Life  of  His  Excellency  Franklin 
Pierce,  President  of  the  United  States,  pub.  in  1852,  16mo. 
In  1853  Mr.  Hawthorne  was  appointed  by  President  Pierce 
American  Consul  at  Liverpool,  which  post  he  occupied 
untill  1857. 

We  have  many  reviews  before  us  of  Mr.  Hawthorne's 
productions,  but  our  limits  oblige  us  to  be  brief  in  cita- 
-  tions.  The  generous  enthusiasm  with  which  the  advent  of 
the  rising  star  was  hailed  by  a  brother  poet  (we  use  the 
term  advisedly)  will  be  perused  at  this  day — twenty  years 
later — with  no  little  interest : 

"  When  a  new  star  rises  in  the  heavens,  people  gaze  after  it  for 
a  season  with  the  naked  eye,  and  with  such  telescopes  as  they  may 
find.  In  the  stream  of  thought  which  flows  so  peacefully  deep 
and  clear  through  the  pages  of  this  book,  we  see  the  bright  reflec 
tion  of  a  spiritual  star  after  which  men  will  be  fain  to  gaze  '  with 
the  naked  eye,  and  with  the  spy-glass  of  criticism.'  This  star  is 
but  newly  risen ;  and  ere  long  the  observations  of  numerous  star- 
gazers,  perched  up  on  arm-chairs  and  editors'  tables,  will  inform 
the  world  of  its  magnitude  and  its  place  in  the  heaven  of  poetry, — 
whether  it  be  in  the  paw  of  the  Great  Bear,  or  on  the  forehead  of 
Pegasus,  or  on  the  strings  of  the  Lyre,  or  in  the  wing  of  the  Eagle. 
Our  own  observations  are  as  follows : — To  this  little  work  we  would 


HAW 

as  Dickens."— HENRY  T.  TUCKERM AN  :   The  Prose  Poet;    Nathanid 
Hawthorne,  in  Mental  Portraits,  Lon.,  1853. 

"  The  frivolous  costume  and  brisk  action  of  the  story  of  fashion 
able  life  are  easily  depicted  by  the  practised  sketcher ;  but  a  work 
Like  The  Scarlet  Letter  comes  slowly  upon  the  canvas,  where 
passions  are  commingled  and  overlaid  with  the  deliberate  and 
masterly  elaboration  with  which  the  grandest  effects  are  produced 
in  pictorial  composition  and  coloring.  It  is  a  distinction  of  such 
works  that,  while  they  are  acceptable  to  the  many,  they  also  sur 
prise  and  delight  the  few  who  appreciate  the  nicest  arrangement 
and  the  most  high  and  careful  finish.  The  Scarlet  Letter  will 
challenge  consideration,  in  the  name  of  Art,  in  the  best  audience 
which  in  any  age  receives  Cervantes,  Le  Sage,  or  Scott."— Da. 
RUFUS  W.  GRISWOLD  :  International  Mag.,  May,  1851. 

"No  one  who  has  taken  up  the  Scarlet  Letter  will  willingly  lay 
it  down  till  he  has  finished  it;  and  he  will  do  well  not  to  pause, 
for  he  cannot  resume  the  story  where  he  left  it.  He  should  give 
himself  up  to  the  magic  power  of  the  style,  without  stopping  to 
open  wide  the  eyes  of  his  good  sense  and  judgment  and  shake 
off  the  spell ;  or  half  the  weird  beauty  will  disappear  like  a  <  dis 
solving  view.'  To-be-sure,  when  he  closes  the  book,  he  will  feel 
very  much  like  the  giddy  and  bewildered  patient  who  is  just 
awaking  from  his  first  experiment  of  the  effects  of  sulphuric  ether. 
The  soul  has  been  floating  or  flying  between  earth  and  heaven, 
with  dim  ideas  of  pain  and  pleasure  strangely  mingled,  and  all 
things  earthly  swimming  dizzily  and  dreamily,  yet  most  beauti 
ful,  before  the  half-shut  eye."— N.  Amer.  Rev.,  July,  1850,  Ixxi. 
135-148. 

"  The  Scarlet  Letter  glows  with  the  fire  of  a  suppressed,  secret, 
feverish  excitement :  it  is  not  the  glow  of  natural  life,  but  the 
hectic  of  disease,  which  burns  upon  the  cheeks  of  its  actors.  .  .  . 
The  whole  sky  and  air  are  tropical ;  and,  instead  of  the  gentle 
monotony  of  ordinary  existence,  its  long,  wearing,  languid  sor 
rows,  its  vulgar  meanness  and  sleep,  we  have  a  perpetual  strain 
of  excitement,— a  fire  that  neither  wanes  nor  lessens,  but  keeps  at 
its  original  scorching  heat  for  years."— Modern  Novelists,  Great  and 
Small,  in  Blackwood's  Mag.,  May,  1855. 

"  We  are  by  no  means  satisfied  that  passions  and  tragedies  like 
these  are  the  legitimate  subjects  for  fictions :  we  are  satisfied  that 
novels  such  as  Adam  Blair,  and  plays  such  as  The  Stranger, 
may  be  justly  charged  with  attracting  more  persons  than  they 
warn  by  their  excitement.  But  if  Sin  and  Sorrow  in  their  most 
fearful  forms  are  to  be  presented  in  any  work  of  art,  they  have 
rarely  been  treated  with  a  loftier  severity,  purity,  and  sympathy, 
than  in  Mr.  Hawthorne's  Scarlet  Letter.  The  touch  of  the  fan 
tastic  befitting  a  period  of  society  in  which  ignorant  and  excitable 
human  creatures  conceived  each  other  and  themselves  to  be  under 
the  direct  '  rule  and  governance'  of  the  Wicked  One  is  most  skil 
fully  administered.  The  supernatural  here  never  becomes  grossly 
palpable :  the  thrill  is  all  the  deeper  for  its  action  being  indefinite 
and  its  source  vague  and  distant." — Lon.  Athenceum,  June  15, 1850, 
p.  631. 

Notices  of  the  HOUSE  OF  THE  SEVEN  GABLES: 
"The  scenery,  tone,  and  personages  of  the  story  are  imbued 
with  a  local  authenticity  which  is  not  for  an  instant  impaired  by 
the  imaginative  charm  of  romance.  We  seem  to  breathe,  as  we 
read,  the  air,  and  be  surrounded  by  the  familiar  objects,  of  a  New 
England  town.  .  .  .  We  may  add  that  the  same  pure,  even,  unex- 
aggerated,  and  perspicuous  style  of  diction  that  we  have  recognised 
in  his  previous  writing  is  maintained  in  this."— HENRY  T.  TUCKER- 


say,  <  Live  ever,  sweet,  sweet  book.' '  It  comes  from  the  hand  of  a  |  «AN:  ™e  Prose  Poet:  Nathaniel  Hawthorne,  in  Mental  Portraits, 
man  of  genius.    Every  thing  about  it  has  the  freshness  of  morn-     Lon.,  185<3. 

"  It  is  not  less  original,  not  less  striking,  not  less  powerful,  than 


ing  and  of  May.  These  flowers  and  green  leaves  of  poetry  have 
not  the  dust  of  the  highway  upon  them.  They  have  been  gathered 
fresh  from  the  secret  places  of  a  peaceful  and  gentle  heart.  There 
flow  deep  waters,  silent,  calm  and  cool ;  and  the  green  leaves  look 
into  them  and  '  God's  blue  heaven.'  The  book,  though  in  prose, 
is  nevertheless  written  by  a  poet.  He  looks  upon  all  things  in  the 
spirit  of  love,  and  with  lively  sympathies ;  for  to  him  external 
form  is  but  the  representation  of  internal  being,  all  things  having 
a  life,  an  end  and  aim." — HENRY  W.  LONGFELLOW  :  Review  of  Twice- 
Told  Tales,  1837, 12mo,  pp.  434,  in  N.  Amer.  Rev..  July,  1837,  xlv. 
69-73. 

Miss  Mitford,  after  a  hasty  review  of  the  writings  of 
Irving,  Cooper,  Ware,  and  Dr.  Bird,  remarks :  , 

"These  excellent  writers  have  been  long  before  the  public;  but 
a  new  star  has  lately  sprung  into  light  in  the  Western  horizon, 
who  in  a  totally  different  manner — and  nothing  is  more  remark 
able  among  all  these  American  novelists  than  their  utter  difference 
from  each  other — will  hardly  fail  to  cast  a  bright  illumination 
over  both  hemispheres.  It  is  hardly  two  years  since  Mr.  Haw 
thorne,  until  then  known  only  by  one  or  two  of  those  little  vo 
lumes  which  the  sagacious  hold  as  promises  of  future  excellence, 
put  forth  that  singular  book,  The  Scarlet  Letter,  apropos  to  which, 
Dr.  Holmes,  who  so  well  knows  the  value  of  words,  uses  this  sig 
nificant  expression : 

"  *  1  snatch  the  book,  along  whose  burning  leaves 

His  scarlet  web  our  wild  romancer  weaves.' 
"And  it  is  the  very  word.  We  do  snatch  the  book ;  and,  until 
we  have  got  to  the  end,  very  few  of  us,  I  apprehend,  have  suffi 
cient  strength  of  will  to  lay  it  down.  .  .  .  Scarcely  a  twelvemonth 
has  passed,  and  another  New  England  story — The  House  with  the 
Seven  Gables — has  come  to  redeem  the  pledge  of  excellence  given 
by  the  first." — Recollections  of  a  Literary  Life:  American  Prose 
Writers,  Lon.,  1852. 

Notices  of  THE  SCARLET  LETTER  : 

"  With  all  the  care  in  point  of  style  and  authenticity  which 
mark  his  lighter  sketches,  this  genuine  and  unique  romance  may 
be  considered  as  an  artistic  exposition  of  Puritanism  as  modified 
by  New  England  colonial  life.  In  truth  to  costume,  local  man 
ners,  and  scenic  features,  the  Scarlet  Letter  is  as  reliable  as  the 
best  of  Scott's  novels ;  in  the  anatomy  of  human  passion  and  con 
sciousness  it  resembles  the  most  effective  of  Balzac's  illustrations 
of  Parisian  or  provincial  life ;  while  in  developing  bravely  and 
justly  the  sentiment  of  the  life  it  depicts,  it  is  as  true  to  humanity 


the  Scarlet  Letter.  We  doubt,  indeed,  whether  he  has  elsewhere 
surpassed  either  of  the  three  strongly-contrasted  characters  of  the 
book.  .  .  .  The  House  of  the  Seven  Gables  is  the  purest  piece  of 
imagination  in  our  prose  literature."— RUFUS  W.  GRISWOLD  :  Inter 
national  Mag.,  May,  1851. 

"The  successive  scenes  of  this  bold  and  startling  fiction  are 
portrayed  with  a  vividness  and  power  unsurpassed,  and  rarely 
equalled.  The  terrible  Nemesis  that  waits  on  the  extortion  of  the 
ancestor,  and  pursues  the  wages  of  his  iniquity  till  the  injured 
family  receives  its  own  again,  reminds  one  of  the  inexorable  fate 
of  the  Greek  tragedy;  and,  in  describing  the  successive  footfalls 
of  the  angelflf  retribution  in  that  ill-starred  mansion,  the  author 
rises  into  a  fearful  sublimity  worthy  of  the  theme.  In  other  por 
tions  the  narrative  is  sprightly,  quaint  and  droll,  the  dialogues 
seldom  otherwise  than  natural  and  well  managed,  (though  the 
daguerreotypist  talks  more  than  anybody  but  Phoebe  could  care 
to  hear,)  and  the  denouement  free,  for  the  most  part,  from  abrupt 
ness  an  d  improbability.  To  many  readers  the  book  has  an  addi 
tional  charm  from  its  truth  in  numberless  minutiae  to  life,  speech, 
manners,  and  appearances,  as  they  were  in  and  about  Salem  thirty 
years  ago.  We  should  have  recognised  the  locality  under  any  dis 
guise  whatever  of  names  or  pretexts." — N.  Amer.  Rev.,  Jan.  1853, 
Ixxvi.  227-237.  Read  also  the  review  of  The  Blithedale  Romance, 
in  same  article,  pp.  237-248. 

« It  would  be  difficult  to  deny  the  gift  of « poetic  insight'  to  this 
mixture  of  admirable  detail  with  something  at  once  higher  and 
deeper.  Balzac,  the  great  novelist  of  modern  France,  known  only 
to  those  among  us  who  thoroughly  possess  his  language,  (for  he  is 
untranslated  and  untranslatable,)  has  in  certain  romances  of  pro 
vincial  life  the  same  perfection  of  Dutch  painting  and  of  homely 
tragedy.  But  Mr.  Hawthorne  is  free  from  Balzac's  scoff." — Miss 
Mitfortfs  Recollections  of  a  Literary  Life:  American  Prose  Writers, 
Lon.,  1852. 

"  The  House  of  Seven  Gables  is  not  less  remarkable  nor  less  un 
wholesome  than  its  predecessor.  The  affectation  of  extreme  home 
liness  and  commonplace  in  the  external  circumstances,  and  the 
mystery  and  secret  of  the  family  with  which  these  circumstances 
are  interwoven,  is  very  effective  in  its  way ;  and  if  it  were  not  that 
its  horrors  and  its  wonders  are  protracted  into  tedious  long- 
windedness,  we  would  be  disposed  to  admire  the  power  with  which 
these  figures  were  posed  and  these  situations  made.  .  .  .  For  it  is 
no  particular  gratification  for  us  to  know  how  Mr.  Hawthorne 
studies  his  subjects,— how  he  sets  them  in  different  Itets  like  a 


HAW 


HAY 


child  with  a  new  toy,  and  gets  new  glimpses  of  their  character 
and  capabilities:  we  want  the  result,  and  not  the  process;  the 
story  completed,  but  not  the  photographs  from  which  it  is  to  be 
made.''— Modem  Novelists,  Great  and  Small,  in  Elackwood's  Mag., 
May,  1855. 

In  this  article  will  be  found  an  extended  notice  of  Mr. 
Hawthorne's  characteristics  as  a  writer  of  fiction,  and  par 
ticular  notices  of  his  principal  works.  The  characteristics 
referred  to  are  thus  happily  delineated  by  four  of  Mr.  Haw 
thorne's  countrymen,  each  of  whom  has  earned  a  right  to 
a  respectful  hearing  in  the  discussion  of  a  question  of  lite 
rary  criticism: 

"  It  may  safely  be  asserted  that  by  virtue  of  his  individuality 
every  author  and  artist  of  genius  creates  a  peculiar  mood,  differing 
somewhat  according  to  the  character  of  the  recipients,  yet  essen 
tially  the  same.  If  we  were  obliged  to  designate  that  of  Hawthorne 
in  a  single  word,  we  should  call  it  metaphysical,  or  perhaps  soulful. 
He  always  takes  us  below  the  surface  and  beyond  the  material  ; 
his  most  inartificial  stories  are  eminently  suggestive ;  he  makes  us 
breathe  the  air  of  contemplation,  and  turn  our  eyes  inward.  .  .  . 
His  utterance,  too,  is  singularly  clear  and  simple;  his  style  only 
rises  above  the  colloquial  in  the  sustained  order  of  its  flow ;  the 
terms  are  apt,  natural,  and  fitly  chosen.  Indeed,  a  careless  reader 
is  liable  continually  to  lose  sight  of  his  meaning  and  beauty,  from 
the  entire  absence  of  pretension  in  his  style."— HENRY  T.  TUCKER- 
MAN  :  Mental  Portraits :  Nathaniel  Hawthorne,  Lon.,  1853. 

"  The  characteristics  of  Hawthorne  which  first  arrest  the  atten 
tion  are  imagination  and  reflection ;  and  these  are  exhibited  in 
remarkable  power  and  activity  in  tales  and  essays  of  which  the 
style  is  distinguished  for  great  simplicity,  purity,  and  tranquillity. 
....  His  style  is  studded  with  the  most  poetical  imagery,  and 
marked  in  every  part  with  the  happiest  graces  of  expression,  while 
it  is  calm,  chaste,  and  flowing,  and  transparent  as  water." — RUFUS 
W.  GRISWOLD:  Prose  Writers  of  America,  4th  ed.,  Phila.,  1852. 

"And  here,  though  we  cannot  do  him  justice,  let  us  remember 
the  name  of  Nathaniel  Hawthorne,  deserving  a  place  second  to 
none  in  that  band  of  humorists  whose  beautiful  depth  of  cheerful 
feeling  is  the  very  poetry  of  mirth.  In  ease,  grace,  delicate  sharp 
ness  of  satire, — in  a  felicity  of  touch  which  often  surpasses  the 
felicity  of  Addison,  in  a  subtlety  of  insight  which  often  reaches 
further  than  the  subtlety  of  Steele, — the  humor  of  Hawthorne 
presents  traits  so  fine  as  to  be  almost  too  excellent  for  popularity, 
as,  to  every  one  who  has  attempted  their  criticism,  they  are  too 
refined  for  statement.  The  brilliant  atoms  flit,  hover,  and  glance 
before  our  minds,  but  the  remote  sources  of  their  ethereal  light  lie 
beyond  our  analysis, 

'  And  no  speed  of  ours  avails 
To  hunt  upon  their  shining  trails.' " 

EDWIN  P.  WHIPPLE  :  Lectures  on  Subjects  connected  with  Literature 
and  Life:  The  Ludicrous  Side  of  Life,  3d  ed.,  Boston,  1852. 
"  Another  characteristic  of  this  writer  is  the  exceeding  beauty 
of  his  style.  It  is  clear  as  running  waters  are.  Indeed,  he  uses 
words  merely  as  stepping-stones,  upon  which,  with  a  free  and 
youthful  bound,  his  spirit  crosses  and  re-crosses  the  bright  and 
rushing  stream  of  thought.  Some  writers  of  the  present  day  have 
introduced  a  kind  of  Gothic  architecture  into  their  style.  All  is 
fantastic,  vast  and  wondrous  in  the  outward  form,  and  within  is 
mysterious  twilight,  and  the  swelling  sound  of  an  organ,  and  a 
Toice  chanting  hymns  in  Latin,  which  need  a  translation  for  many 
of  the  crowd.  To  this  we  do  not  object.  Let  the  priest  chant  in 
what  language  he  will,  so  long  as  he  understands  his  own  mass- 
book.  But  if  he  wishes  the  world  to  listen  and  be  edified,  he  will 
do  well  to  choose  a  language  that  is  generally  understood." — HENRY 
W.  LONGFELLOW  :  N.  American  Review,  xlv.  63-64. 

Those  who  possess  a  set  of  the  Democratic  Review  will 
find  many  of  Hawthorne's  Tales  and  Sketches  scattered 
through  its  vols.  See  ii.  129,  360 ;  iii.  18,  321 ;  v.  51 ;  xii. 
146,255,360,515,604;  xiii.  85, 186,  627;  xiv.  78,  269,  605; 
xv.  33,  454,  545;  xvi.  337;  xviii.  31,  97,  360,  457. 

An  interesting  biographical  sketch  of  Hawthorne,  by 
George  William  Curtis,  accompanied  with  a  representation 
of  the  '  Old  Manse'  in  Concord,  made  so  famous  by  Haw 
thorne's  inhabitation,  will  be  found  in  The  Homes  of  Ame 
rican  Authors.  Mr.  James  T.  Fields,  of  Boston,  induced 
Mr.  Hawthorne  to  give  to  the  world  The  Scarlet  Letter. 

See  also,  respecting  Hawthorne's  characteristics  as  an 
author,  Edgar  A.  Poe's  Literati ;  Tuckerman's  Sketch  of 
American  Literature;  and  the  following  critiques,  in  addi 
tion  to  the  many  already  referred  to :  by  C.  W.  Webber, 
Amer.  Whig  Review,  iv.  296;  by  S.  W.  S.  Button,  New 
Englander,  v.  56 ;  by  A.  P.  Peabody,  Chris.  Exam.  xxv.  182 ; 
and  see  articles  in  Democratic  Review,  xvi.  376 ;  Brownson's 
Quar.  Rev.,  2d  S.,  iv.  528,  vi.  561 ;  Knickerbocker,  xxxvii. 
455;  Church  Review,  iii.  489;  Living  Age,  xxv.  203. 
Hawtrey,  Charles.    Serms.,  Oxf.,  1797,  8vo. 
Hawtrey,  Charles  S.    Serms.  Ac.,  Lon.,  1792-1817. 
Hawtrey,  Montagu.    Sponsors,  Lon.,  1840",  sm.  8vo. 
Hawys,  John,  M.D.     Oratio  Anniversaria  in  Theatre 
Coll.  Reg.  Med.  Lond.  habita,  Lon.,  1722,  4to. 
Haxby,  John,  M.D.     Con.  to  Annals  of  Med.,  1799. 
Hay,   Alexander.      Tyrocinium   Pharmaceuticum 
Edin.,  1697,  12mo. 

Hay,  Alexander.    Hist,  of  Chichester,  1805,  8vo. 
Hay,  Charles.    Descrip.  of  a  Roman  Hypocaust  near 
Brecknock ;  Archseol.,  1785. 

Hay,  David  Ramsay,  b.  1798,  in  Edinburgh,  Deco 
rative  Painter  to  the  Queen,  Edinburgh,  an  eminent  au 


,hority  upon  the  departments  of  art  which  have  employed 
ris  pen,  pencil,  and  brush.  For  an  interesting  sketch  of  Mr. 
Hay's  life,  see  Knight's  Eng.Cyc.,  Div.  Biog.,  vol.  iii.  1.  Har 
mony  of  Form,  Edin.,  1842,  r.  4to.  2.  Proportion;  or,  the 
Greometric  Principle  of  Beauty  Analyzed,  1843,  r.  4to.  3. 
5rnainental  Design  as  applied  to  Decorative  Art,  1845,  ob. 
Ebl.  4.  Laws  of  Harmonious  Colouring,  6th  ed.,  1847, 12mo. 
5.  Nomenclature  of  Colours,  Hues,  Tints,  and  Shades,  3d 
ed.,  1845,  '46,  '55,  8vo.  6.  The  Principles  of  Beauty  in  Co 
louring  systematized,  1846,  '6*3,  p.  8vo.  7.  First  Principles 
of  Symmetrical  Beauty,  1846,  p.  8vo.  8.  Science  of  Pro 
portions  of  the  Human  Head  and  Countenance,  1849,  4to. 
.  Geometric  Beauty  of  the  Human  Figure  Defined,  1851, 
4to.  10.  Natural  Principles  of  Beauty  as  developed  in  the 
Human  Figure,  1852,  r.  8vo.  11.  The  Orthographic  Beauty 
of  the  Parthenon,  1853,  r.  8vo.  12.  The  Harmonic  Law  of 
Nature  Applied  to  Architectural  Design,  1855.  13.  The 
Science  of  Beauty,  as  Developed  in  Nature  and  Applied  in 
Art,  1856.  In  the  absence  of  space  to  quote  commenda 
tions  of  Mr.  Hay's  works,  we  must  be  content  to  refer  the 
reader  to  the  Edin.  Rev.  for  Oct.  1843 ;  the  Britannia,  Dec. 
6, 1845 ;  the  Lon.  Spec.,  Dec.  6, 1845 ;  the  Lon.  Athen.,  Jan. 
17,  1846,  April  19,  1856 ;  and  letters  of  Sir  Wm.  Hamilton, 
March  5,  1849,  and  Prof.  John  Goodsir,  April  17,  1849. 

Hay,  Edward.  1.  Hist,  of  the  Insurrection  of  the 
County  of  Wexford  in  1798,  Dubl.,  1803,  8vo.  Of  consi 
derable  value.  2.  Speech  of  John  Keagh,  1807,  8vo.  3. 
Debates  in  both  H.  of  Parl.,  April,  1812,  on  the  R.  Catholic 
Question,  1813,  8vo. 

Hay,  George.  The  Confutation  of  the  Abbote  of 
Crosraguel's  Masse,  Edin.,  1563,  4to. 

"  On  the  back  of  the  title-page  is  an  Epistle  by  the  Printer  to 
the  Reader,  apologizing  for  his  want  of  Greek  characters,  which  he 
was  obliged  to  supply  by  manuscript;  so  late  was  it  before  the 
Greek  types  were  introduced  at  Edinburgh ."—  Watt's  BiU.  Brit. 
Hay,  Judge  George,  of  Virginia,  d.  1830,  wrote  a 
treatise  on  Expatriation,  1814,  a  treatise  against  the  Usury 
Laws,  the  Life  of  John  Thompson,  and  a  number  of  poli 
tical  essays,  signed  Hortensius. 

Hay,  George,  D.D.     1.  The  Devout  Christian  In 
structed,  2  vols.  32mo.  2.  The  Sincere  Christian  Instructed, 
2  vols.  32mo.     3.  The  Pious  Christian  Instructed,  12mo. 
Hay,  John.     Theolog.  treatises,  1580-1605. 
Hay,  John.     Speach  to  Jas.  I.,  Edin.,  1617,  4to. 
Hay,   J.  B.     Lords-Rectors'  Addresses   in  Glasgow 
College,  Lon.,  1839,  sup.  r.  8vo. 

Hay,  John  H.  Drummond.  Morocco  and  the 
Moors :  Western  Barbary,  its  Wild  Tribes,  Ac.,  Lon.,  1844, 
12mo. 

"  Here  is  an  original  and  very  readable  book  of  travels  and  ad 
ventures.  Mr.  Sorrow's  relish  for  the  Gipsy  slang  was  not  greater 
than  Mr.  Hay's  for  the  romantic  Arab  exaggeration." — London 
Examiner. 

Hay,  Mrs.  H.  H.  The  Rural  Enthusiasts,  and  other 
Poems,  Lon.,  1808,  12mo. 

Hay,  Sir  Leith,  Major,  R.A.  Narrative  of  the 
Peninsular  War,  Edin.  and  Lon.,  1831,  2  vols.  12mo.  4th 
ed.,  1850,  8vo. 

"  The  only  fault  of  Major  Hay's  narrative  is  that  it  has  come 
out  two  or  three  years  too  late." — Lon.  Mrmth.  Rev.,  May,  1831. 
Hay,  Peter.     Theolog.  and  Polit.  Treatises,  1616-27. 
Hay,  Richard.     1.  Origin  of  the  Royal  Family  of  the 
Stuarts,  Edin.,  1722,  4to.      2.  Vindication  of  Elizabeth 
Moore,  1723,  4to. 

Hay,  Richard  Augustin,  Prior  of  St.  Pieremont, 
Ac.  Genealogie  of  the  Hayes  of  Tweeddale,  Ac.  Edited 
by  J.  Maidment,  Lon.,  1835,  sm.  4to  and  4to.  120  copies 
printed. 

Hay,  Romanns.  1.  Astrum  Inextinctum,  1636.  2. 
Aula  Ecclesiastica,  Ac.,  Francf.,  1648,  4to. 

Hay,  Thomas,  D.D.     Serms.,  Lon.,  1793-99,  all  4to. 

Hay,  Wm.,  1700  P-1755,  M.P.  for  Seaford,  1734-55. 

1.  Civil  Government,  1728.     2.  Mount  Caburn;  a  Poem, 

1730.   3.  Poor  Laws,  1735,  '51.  4.  Religio  Philosophi,  1753, 

'60,  8vo.     5.  Essay  on  Deformity,  1754,  8vo. 

"  Among  558  Gentlemen  in  the  House  of  Commons,  I  am  the 
only  one  that  is  deformed."— Page  13. 

6.  Trans,  of  Hawkins  Browne's  De  Immortalitate  Animae 
into  English  verse,  1754,  4to.  7.  Trans,  of  Epigrams  of 
Martial,  1755.  8.  Works,  pub.  by  his  daughter,  with  hia 
Life,  1794,  2  vols.  4to.  Hay  was  an  author  of  consider 
able  merit. 

Hayden,  Mrs.  C.  A.,  of  Boston.  Carrie  Emerson ; 
or,  Life  at  Cliftonville,  Bost.,  1855,  12mo.  Mrs.  H.  has 
pub.  some  prose  and  poetical  essays  which  have  been 
highly  commended. 

Hayden,  Horace,  M.D.,  an  American  author.  Geo 
logical  Essays,  1820,  8vo.  See  Blackwood's  Mag.,  xvi. 
420;  xvii.  56. 


HAY 


HAY 


Hayden,  John,  Archdeacon  of  Surrey.    Memoir  of  | 
Rev.  Alex.  Ross,  and  a  Selection  of  his  Serms.,  Lon.,  1853, 
8vo. 

Haydn,  Joseph,  d.  1856,  at  London.  1.  Dictionary 
of  Dates  and  Universal  Reference,  relating  to  all  Ages  and 
Nations;  6th  ed.,  Lon.,  1853,  8vo. 

"Of  extraordinary  value  for  well-arranged  information  upon  al 
most  every  subject  of  inquiry.  It  is,  indeed,  a  publication  which 
cannot  be  too  highly  praised." — Lon.  Literary  Gazette. 

2.  Handbook  of  Dignities,  being  a  new  ed.,  improved  and 
continued,  of  Beatson's  Political  Index,  1851,  8vo.  See 
BEATSON,  ROBT. 

Haydocke,  Richard,  of  New  College,  Oxford,  and 
Student  in  Physic.  Trans,  from  the  Italian  of  5  books  of 
Lomazzo's  Artes  of  Curious  Paintinge,  Caruingeand  Build- 
inge,  Oxon.,  1598,  fol.  Respecting  this  book  and  the  trans 
lator,  see  Granger's  Biog.  Hist,  of  England.  This  work 
is  one  of  the  first  in  the  English  language  on  Art. 

Haydon,  Benjamin  Robert,  1786-1846,  an  emi 
nent  artist,  a  native  of  Plymouth,  England,  committed 
suicide  in  London,  June  22.  1.  Lects.  on  Fresco,  Lon., 
1842,  8vo.  2.  Lects.  on  Painting  and  Design,  2  vols.  8vo. : 

I.  1844;  II.  1846: 

CONTENTS  : — 1.  Origin  of  the  Art;  2.  Anatomy  the  Basis 
of  Drawing;  3.  The  Skeleton;  4.  The  Muscles  of  Man  and 
Quadruped ;  5.  Standard  Figure ;  6.  Composition ;  7.  Co 
lour;  8.  Ancients  and  Moderns;  9.  Invention;  10.  Fuseli; 

II.  Wilkie;  12.  Effect  of  the  Societies  on  Taste;  13.  A 
Competent  Tribunal;  14.  On  Fresco;  15.  Elgin  Marbles; 
16.  Beauty. 

"  There  are  few  sections  of  Mr.  Haydon's  work  from  which  we 
might  not  extract  some  sound  and  effective  passage.  From  some 
we  might  select  subjects  of  friendly  controversy ;  but,  having  fallen 
on  nothing  which  appears  to  us  deadly  heresy  or  dangerous  error, 
we  prefer  to  commend  his  volume  to  all  who  take  an  interest  in 
its  subject,  with  the  assurance  that  it  will  repay  their  study  of  it." 
— Lon.  Quar.  Rev.,  Ixxv.  91-92 ;  notice  of  vol.  i. 

In  1838  there  was  reprinted  from  the  seventh  ed.  of  the 
Encyc.  Brit.,  in  a  p.  8vo.  vol.,  Painting  and  the  Fine  Arts, 
by  B.  R.  Haydon  and  William  Hazlitt.  These  essays  are 
thus  commended  by  the  eminent  authority  just  cited : 

"  "VVe  have  mentioned  the  gratification  we  have  experienced  from 
the  perusal  of  Mr.  Hazlitt's  Essay  :  we  must  add  similar  testimony 
in  favour  of  his  fellow-labourer,  Mr.  Haydon.  His  Treatise  seems 
to  us  the  result  of  study  and  observation  extensive  and  profound." 
— Lon.  Quar.  Rev. 

For  particulars  of  Haydon's  life  and  notices  of  his 
paintings,  see  his  Autobiography,  edited  by  Tom  Taylor, 
1853,  3  vols.  p.  8vo. ;  a  biographical  sketch  by  Ralph  N. 
Wornum,  in  Rich's  Cyc.  of  Biography,  1854;  obituary 
notice  in  Gent.  Mag.,  Aug.  1846;  another  in  the  London 
Spectator,  (copied  into  the  Boston  Living  Age,  x.  277-280;) 
Southey's  Life  and  Correspondence;  Madden 's  Memoirs 
of  the  Countess  of  Blessington;  articles  in  Eraser's  Mag., 
ix.  792;  xxxvi.  53;  Blackwood's  Mag.,  viii.  219,  526;  x. 
680;  xi.  332;  xiv.  11;  xv.  566;  xvi.  505;  xl.  553,  664,  671; 
xli.  192,  344;  xlvi.  305;  xlix.  583. 

"Genius  immortal,  industry  untired, 

The  power  and  the  capacity  of  thought 
Sublime,  to  mighty  aspirations  wrought, 
Are  thine,  by  thirst  of  great  achievement  fired. 
I  need  not  tell  thee,  Haydon ;  thou  hast  felt, 
The  fears,  the  ecstasies  of  daring  art, 
The  heavings  and  the  sinkings  of  the  heart, 
At  obstacles  that  oft  like  vapours  melt, 

And  oft  like  rocks  oppose  us.    It  is  thine, 
After  a  warfare  silent,  but  most  deep,  , 

To  triumph  and  o'ercome:  thy  name  shall  shine 
In  fame's  undying  record, — like  a  river 
That,  having  toil'd  o'er  rocks,  is  left  to  sleep 
'Mid  everlasting  hills,  and  gleam  forever." 

D.  M.  Mom:  Black-woods  Mag.,  viii.  526. 
Haydon,  John.    1.  Two  Serms.,  Lon.,  1770,  8vo.   2. 
Serin.,  1772,  8vo. 

Haye,  Drummond  George.  Verses  Social  and 
Domestic,  Edin.,  1802,  12mo. 

Hayes.  Banker's  Exchange,  1671,  '76,  fol. 
Hayes,  Charles,  1678-1760,  pub.  the  following 
learned  works,  all  of  which,  save  the  first,  appeared  with 
out  his  name : — 1.  Of  Fluxions  and  Conic  Sections,  Lon., 
1704,  fol.  2.  Longitude,  1710,  4to.  3.  The  Moon ;  a  Phi 
losophic  Dialogue,  tending  to  show  that  the  Moon  is  not  an 
opaque  body,  but  has  light  of  her  own,  1723.  4.  Vindic. 
of  the  Septuagint  from  the  Misrepresentations  of  Scaliger, 
Du  Pin,  Hody,  Prideaux,  and  others,  1736,  8vo.  5.  Crit. 
Exam,  of  Sts.  Matthew  and  Luke,  1738,  8vo.  6.  Chronol. 
of  the  Septuagint,  1741,  8ro;  Supp.,  1757. 

"  These  learned  and  ingenious  performances  were  all  published 
anonymously,  and  some  of  them  have  been,  by  mistake,  ascribed 
to  Sir  Richard  Ellis.  They  discover  a  very  profound  acquaintance 
with  chronology,  and  a  great  veneration  for  the  Scriptures." — 
Orme's  Bibl.  Bib. 
7.  Chronographiae  Asiaticae  et  Egyptiacse  Specimen,  1759, 


8vo.  See  Gent.  Mag.,  vol.  xxxi ;  Nichols's  Lit.  Anec. ; 
Button's  Diet. 

Hayes,  D.  1.  An  Epistle  to  Churchill,  Lon.,  1761, 
4to.  2.  The  Authors;  a  Poem,  1766,  4to. 

Hayes,  E.  1.  Irish  Excheq.  Reports,  Dubl.,  1837, 
8vo.  2.  Crim.  Stat.  Law  of  Ireland,  2d  ed.,  1842,  2  vols. 
8vo.  3.  In  conjunction  with  T.  Jones,  Irish  Excheq.  Re 
ports,  1840,  8vo. 

Hayes,  E.  The  Ballads  of  Ireland,  Lon.,  1855,  2 
vols.  12ino. 

Hayes,  John.    Arithmetic,  3d  ed.,  1813,  12mo. 

Hayes,  Richard.  1.  Young  Merchant's  Assist.,  Lon., 
1718,  8vo.  2.  Negotiator's  Magazine,  1719,  '24,  8vo.  3. 
Annuities  upon  Lives,  1727,  '28,  '46,  4to. 

Hayes,  Samuel,  pub.  several  poems,  1775-89,  two 
separate  serms.,  1789,  '92,  and  XVI.  Serms.,  1797,  8vo. 

"  Rational  and  sensible ;  enforcing,  with  a  proper  spirit  and  in  a 
pleasing  manner,  important  and  useful  truths." — Lon.  Monthly 
Rev. 

Hayes,  Samuel.  Management  of  Woods  and  Cop 
pices,  Dubl.,  1795,  8vo. 

Hayes,  Thomas.  1.  Coughs  and  Colds ;  3d  ed.,  Lon., 
1786,  8vo.  2.  Con.  to  Med.  Obs.  and  Inq.,  1767;  3.  to 
Mem.  Med.,  1789. 

Hayes,  Wm.,  1708-1777,  a  composer  of  music.  1. 
Collec.  of  English  Ballads,  Shrewsbury.  2.  Musical  Ex 
pression.  3.  Music  Meetings  rel.  to  Church  Langton,  Lon., 
1768,  8vo. 

Hayes,  Wm.  1.  Limitations  to  Heirs  of  the  Body  in 
Devises,  Lon.,  1824,  8vo.  2.  Lett,  to  R.  Peel,  1825,  8vo. 
3.  Real  Estate  to  Ancestor,  Ac.,  1829,  8vo.  4.  Concise 
Conveyancer,  1830, 12mo.  5.  Law  of  Real  Property,  1831, 
8vo.  6.  Introduc.  to  Conveyancing,  5th  ed.,  1840,  2  vols. 
8vo.  See  1  Jurist,  186 ;  ii.  129 ;  iv.  836 ;  7  Leg.  Obs.  404. 
7.  Conveyance  of  Estates,  1840,  8vo.  8.  In  conjunction 
with  T.  Jarman,  Forms  of  Wills,  4th  ed.,  1849,  12mo. 

Hayes,  William.  1.  Nat.  Hist,  of  British  Birds, 
Lon.,  1775,  imp.  fol.  2.  Portraits,  &c.  of  Birds,  1794, 4to. 

Haygarth,  Henry  William.  Bush  Life  in  Aus 
tralia,  Lon.,  1848,  12mo. 

"  It  has  neither  the  shape  of  a  treatise  nor  that  of  a  journal ; 
but  is  something  between  them, — combining  the  compact  informa 
tion  of  the  first  with  the  readable  interest  of  the  second." — Lon. 
Athenceum. 

Haygarth,  John,  M.D.,  d.  1813,  practised  at  Chester, 
subsequently  at  Bath.  He  wrote  two  works  on  the  Small 
Pox,  Lon.,  1785,  8vo,  and  1793,  2  vols.  8vo;  one  on  Infec 
tious  Diseases,  Bath,  1801,  8vo;  and  other  profess,  treatises, 
1805-13. 

Haygarth,  William,  son  of  the  preceding.  Greece; 
a  Poem,  Lon.,  1814,  8vo. 

Hayley,  Thomas,  D.D.,  Canon-Resident,  of  Chi- 
Chester,  and  Chaplain-in-ordinary.  Serms.,  Lon.,  1711-21. 

Hayley,  William,  D.D.,  Dean  of  Chichester,  Rector 
of  St.  Giles -in-the-Fields,  and  Chaplain-in-ordinary. 
Serms.,  1687-1702. 

Hayley,  William,  1745-1820,  grandson  of  the  pre 
ceding,  and  a  native  of  Chichester,  was  educated  at  Eton, 
and  at  Trin.  Coll.,  Cambridge,  and,  on  leaving  the  univer 
sity,  retired  to  his  patrimonial  estate  of  Eartham,  at  Sussex, 
and  devoted  his  hours  to  literary  pursuits.  In  1792  he 
became  acquainted  with  the  poet  Cowper,  and  as  the  bio 
grapher  of  his  friend  has  already  claimed  our  notice  in 
the  life  of  the  latter.  As  the  friend  of  Gibbon,  also,  his 
name  occurs  on  p.  662  of  this  Dictionary.  About  the  year 
1800,  Mr.  Hayley's  spirits  were  greatly  depressed  by  the 
loss  of  his  natural  son,  Thomas  Alphonso  Hayley,  a  sculptor 
of  much  promise;  and  he  removed  to  Felpham,  where  he 
resided  until  his  death  in  1820.  He  pub.  (1778-1811)  many 
occasional  works,  both  in  prose  and  poetry,  Epistles,  Essays, 
Elegies,  Dialogues,  plays,  biographies,  translations  from 
Milton's  Latin  and  Italian  Poems,  &c. — almost  all  of  which 
are  now  forgotten.  A  collective  ed.  of  his  Poems  and  Plays 
was  pub.  in  1785,  6  vols.  sm.  8vo;  1788,  6  vols.  cr.  8vo. 
The  following  are  his  principal  productions.  1.  Poetical 
Epistle  to  an  eminent  Painter,  (George  Romney,)  1778, 4to. 
2.  Essay  on  History,  in  3  Epistles  to  Edward  Gibbon,  1780, 
4to.  3.  The  Triumphs  of  Temper;  a  Poem,  in  six  cantos, 
1781,  4to.  4.  Essay  on  Epic  Poetry ;  in  5  Epistles,  1782, 
4to.  5.  Essay  on  Old  Maids,  1785,  3  vols.  12mo.  6.  Dia 
logues.  Anon.  7.  Life  and  Poetical  Works  of  John  Milton, 
1794-99,  3  vols.  fol.  8.  Life  of  Milton,  1796, 4to.  Origin 
ally  prefixed  to  Boydell's  ed.  of  Milton,  1794-97,  3  vols. 
fol.  9.  Essay  on  Sculpture;  Epistles  to  Flaxman,  1800, 
8vo.  10.  Life,  Works,  and  Letters  of  Cowper,  1803-04,  3 
vols.  4to.  Reviewed  by  Lord  Jeffrey  in  Edin.  Rev.,  ii. 
64-86;  iv.  273-284.  2d  ed.,  4  vols.  8vo.  Supp.  Pages, 
1806, 4to.  New  ed.  1812,  4  vols.  8vo.  See  COWPER,  WIL- 


HAY 


HAY 


LIAM,  in  this  Dictionary ;  Dibdin's  Lib.  Comp.,  ed.  1825,  pp. 
546-547 ;  and  Allan  Cunningham's  Biog.  and  Crit.  Hist,  of 
the  Lit.  of  the  Last  Fifty  Years.  11.  The  Triumph  of  Music ; 
a  Poem,  1804,  4to.  Reviewed  in  Edin.  Rev.,  vi.  56-63.  12. 
Ballads  founded  upon  Original  and  Curious  Anecdotes  re 
lating  to  the  Instinct  and  Sagacity  of  Animals,  1805,  8vo. 

"  Mediocrity,  as  all  the  world  knows,  is  forbidden  to  poets  and 
to  punsters;  but  the  punster  has  a  privilege  peculiar  to  himself, — 
the  exceeding  badness  of  bis  puns  is  imputed  as  a  merit.  This 
privilege  may  fairly  be  extended  to  Mr.  Hay  ley :  his  present  volume 
is  so  incomparably  absurd  as  that  no  merit  within  his  reach  could 
have  amused  us  half  so  much."— ROBERT  SOUTHEY  :  Allan's  Annual 
Review,  iv.  675-676. 

13.  Latin  and  Italian  Poems  of  Milton,  trans,  into  Eng 
lish  verse;  with  a  Fragment  of  a  Comment,  on  Paradise 
Lost,  by  Cowper,  1808,  4to  ,•  1810,  4  vols.  8vo.  14.  Life  of 
George  Romney,  Esq.,  1809,  4to. 

"  Much  of  what  he  relates  of  Romney  has  been  contradicted  or 
questioned  by  his  son;  he  takes  higher  ground,  too,  than  the 
painter's  genius  can  warrant."— ALLAN  CUNNINGHAM:  Biog.  and 
Crit.  Hist,  of  the  Lit.  of  the  Last  Fifty  Years. 

15.  Three  Plays,  1811,  8vo.  16.  Memoirs  of  the  Life 
and  Writings  of  William  Hayley,  written  by  himself,  <fcc. 
Edited  by  John  Johnson,  LL.D.,  1823,  2  vols.  4to. 

"  Mr.  Hayley  received  a  very  considerable  annuity,  during  the 
last  twelve  years  of  his  life,  as  the  price  of  his  own  Memoirs,  which 
he  was  to  leave  in  a  fit  state  for  publication.  .  .  .  Hayley  is,  per 
haps,  the  only  person  who  ever  dealt  with  his  posthumous  repu 
tation  as  a  post-obit,  and  converted  it  into  a  present  income." — 
ROBERT  SOUTHEY  :  Lon.  Quar.  Rev.,  xxxi.  263-311.  Read  this  re 
view,  which  displeased  Gifford  greatly ;  for  Southey  tells  us : 

"  My  paper  upon  Hayley  was  so  offensive  to  Mr.  Gilford,  that 
after  it  was  printed  he  withheld  it  for  two  successive  numbers,  and 
if  he  had  not  then  ceased  to  be  editor  and  had  persisted  in  with 
holding  it,  I  might  have  probably  withdrawn  from  the  Review. 
There  neither  was  nor  could  be  any  reason  for  this,  but  that  he 
could  not  beiir  to  see  Hayley  spoken  of  with  decent  respect." 

Vide  Southey's  Letter,  in  Sir  S.  E.  Brydges's  Autobio 
graphy  ;  see  also  Southey's  Life  and  Correspondence  for 
other  notices  of  Hayley. 

Respecting  Hayley's  Memoirs,  see  also  Lon.  Month. 
Rev.,  ciii.  267 ;  cv.  1  j  Blackwood's  Mag.,  xiv.  184,  303  ; 
and  see  remarks  on  Southey's  review  of  the  Memoirs, 
Blackwood's  Mag.,  xvii.  477. 

It  may  be  difficult  for  some  of  us  to  believe  that  Hayley 
was,  "in  his  time,"  to  quote  Southey's  words,  "by  popular 
election,  king  of  the  English  poets;"  but,  as  Mr.  Moir  truly 
observes, 

"  The  popularity  of  Hayley  in  an  age  so  artificial  and  so  prag 
matical  as  that  wherein  he  nourished — an  age  of  minuets,  and 
hoops,  and  pomatum,  and  powdered  queues,  and  purple  velvet 
doublets,  and  flesh-coloured  silk  stockings — is  not  much  to  be 
•wondered  at,  when  we  consider  the  subjects  on  which  he  wrote, 
and  the  real  graces  of  his  style.  Such  poetry  was  relished,  because 
it  was  called  forth  by  the  exigencies  and  adapted  to  the  taste  of  the 
particular  time  at  which  it  was  written.  It  was  a  reflection  of  exist 
ing  modes  and  habits  of  thought ;  and  it  must  be  allowed  that  his 
mastery  over  versification  was  of  no  common  order.  TrUe  it  is 
that  his  mawkish  or  overstrained  sentiment  might  at  times  ex 
pose  him  to  ridicule;  but  the  praise  he  received  from  Cowper  is  a 
strong  proof  of  the  influence  which  his  writings  at  that  time  exer 
cised  over  society.  That  power  and  that  popularity  have  now 
utterly  passed  away,  for  he  was  deficient  in  truth  and  nature ;  his 
house  was  built  on  the  sand;  and,  except  the  case  of  Churchill, 
it  would  be  difficult  to  point  out  another  whose  reputation  had 
assumed  so  much  the  aspect  of  a  fixed  star,  and  yet  only  proved 
'  the  comet  of  a  season.' " — Sketches  of  the  Poet.  Lit.  of  the  Past 
Half-Century. 

Doubtless  much  of  his  reputation  was  owing  to  his  ge 
neral  popularity  in  polite  society, — a  popularity  not  unde 
served;  for,  as  Southey  emphatically  declares, 

"Every  thing  about  that  man  is  good  except  his  poetry." — 
Letter  to  Samuel  Taylor  Coleridge,  August  4, 1802 :  Southey's  Life 
and  Corresp. 

"  He  lived  in  days,"  says  Allan  Cunningham,  "  when  polish  held 
the  place  of  vigour,  and  harmony  that  of  feeling,  and  poetry  was 
judged  of  as  a  song  is  now,— by  the  sweetness  of  its  music.  In  all 
the  externals  of  verse  he  was  a  master ;  as  he  moved  in  good  so 
ciety,  his  opinions  spread  and  prevailed;  and,  though  he  penned 
cold  quartos  both  in  prose  and  verse,  no  one  imagined  that  the 
weariness  they  felt  in  perusal  could  come  from  the  accomplished 
author  of  The  Triumphs  of  Temper."— Biog.  and  Crit.  Hist,  of 
the  Lit.  of  the  Last  Fifty  Tears. 

But  we  should  not  forget,  whilst  making  large  deduc 
tions  from  the  extravagant  adulation  of  our  fathers,  to 
concede  to  this  amiable,  if  not  brilliant,  writer,  all  the 
merit  which  he  can  justly  claim.  Perhaps  this  happy  me 
dium  has  been  accurately  stated  by  a  critic  of  large  com 
prehension  and  great  refinement  of  taste : 

"  Hayley's  Epistles  on  Painting,  History,  and  Epic  Poetry,  writ 
ten  in  smooth,  correct,  and  flowing  versification,  but  not  unfre- 
quently  deficient  in  energy  and  compression,  inculcate  much 
elegant  and  judicious  criticism,  and  diffuse  much  light  over  their 
respective  subjects." — DR.  DRAKE. 

Hay  man,  Robert.    Quodlibets,  lately  come  over  from 

New  Britaniola,  Newfoundland.  Epigrams,  and  other  small 

Parcels,  both  morall  and  divine,  Lon.,  1628,  4to.     Bibl. 

Anglo-Poet.,338,  £12  12*.,  a.  v.    The  author  favours  us  with 

808 


the  following  verses  upon  the  anagram  of  his  own  name, 
— "Harme  I  bare  not," — over  a  wood-cut  of  an  animal  of 
the  lizard  kind,  or  "  West- Indian  Guane." 

"  If  some  should  meete  this  Beast  upon  the  way, 
Would  not  their  heart's-blood  thrill  for  great  affray! 
Yet  the  West-Indian,  that  best  knows  his  nature, 
Says,  there  is  not  any  more  harmlesse  Creature. 
So,  though  my  lines  haue  much  deformity, 
Their  end  mine  Anagram  shall  verifie." 

II ay n am.     Ophthalmia;  Mem.  Med.,  1799. 

Hayne,  Paul  H.,  b.  at  Charleston,  S.C.,  1831,  is  a 
son  of  Lieut.  Hayne,  of  the  U.S.  Navy,  and  a  nephew  of 
Col.  Robert  Y.  Hayne,  the  eloquent  senatorial  antagonist 
of  Daniel  Webster.  Mr.  Hayne  has  contributed  a  number 
of  articles  to  the  Southern  Literary  Messenger  and  to 
other  periodicals,  has  been  editor  of  the  Charleston  Literary 
Gazette,  and  is  now  connected  with  the  editorial  depart 
ment  of  the  Charleston  Evening  News.  In  1855  he  pub. 
a  vol.  of  Poems,  Boston,  16mo,  which  possess  extraordi 
nary  merit.  The  Temptation  of  Venus  is  the  principal 
poem  in  this  collection.  See  Graham's  (Phila.)  Magazine, 
Feb.  1855.  We  are  authorized  to  expect  much  from  Mr. 
Hayne  in  the  future. 

Hayne,  Robert  Y.,  1791-1839,  a  native  of  the  parish 
of  St.  Paul,  South  Carolina,  was  a  grandnephew  of  Col. 
Isaac  Hay  no,  a  Revolutionary  patriot,  who  was  executed 
by  the  British  in  1781.  Robert  Y.  Hayne  filled  in  succes 
sion  the  offices  of  member  of  the  State  legislature,  Speaker 
of  the  House,  Attorney-General  of  the  'State,  United 
States  Senator,  and  Governor  of  the  State.  His  speech 
in  the  U.S.  Senate,  Jan.  25,  1830,  which  elicited  Daniel 
Webster's  celebrated  rejoinder,  has  rarely  been  equalled, 
in  all  that  constitutes  true  eloquence,  in  the  American  Con 
gress.  See  the  Life,  Character,  and  Speeches  of  the  late 
Robert  Y.  Hayne,  1845;  Works  of  Daniel  Webster,  8th  ed., 
1854, 6  vols.  8vo ;  Southern  Review,  (papers  by  R.  Y.  Hayne 
on  improvement  of  the  navy,  and  in  vindication  of  the 
memory  of  his  relative,  Col.  Hayne ;)  Review  of  his  Life 
and  Speeches,  South.  Quar.  Review,  viii.  496 ;  his  Letter 
on  the  Tariff,  1828,  in  Niles's  Reg.,  xxxv.  184,  199 ;  his 
Nullification  Ordinance,  in  Niles's  Reg.,  xliii.  219;  his  Nul 
lification  Proclamation,  in  Niles's  Reg.,  xliii.  308 ;  Speeches 
of  his,  in  Niles's  Reg.,  xxxvii.  415;  xxxviii.  105,  376;  xli. 
396.  Eloquent  tributes  to  the  memory  of  Hayne,  by  Ge 
neral  Hamilton  of  S.  Carolina,  and  the  Hon.  Daniel  Web 
ster,  delivered  at  the  Dinner  of  the  New  England  Society, 
Charleston,  May  8, 1847,  will  be  found  in  Webster's  Works, 
ii.  387-388. 

Hayne,  Samuel.  Statutes  rel.  to  Aliens,  Lon.,  1685, 
4to. 

Hayne,  Thomas,  1581-1645,  a  learned  schoolmaster 
and  divine,  a  native  of  Leicestershire,  educated  at  Leices 
ter  Coll.,  Oxford,  an  usher  in  1604  of  Merchant-Tailors' 
School,  and  subsequently  of  Christ's  Hospital.  1.  Grarn- 
matices  Latinse  Compendium,  1637,  '49,  8vo;  with  Appen 
dices.  2.  Linguarum  Cognatio,  1639,  8vo.  3.  Pax  in 
Terra,  1639,  8vo.  4.  The  Equal  Ways  of  God,  1639,  8vo. 
5.  General  View  of  the  Holy  Scriptures,  1640,  fol.  6.  Life 
and  Death  of  Dr.  Martin  Luther,  1641,  4to.  7.  Four  Let 
ters  to  Joseph  Mede.  See  the  4th  book  of  Mede's  Works. 

"  He  was  a  noted  critic,  an  excellent  linguist,  and  a  solid  divine, 
beloved  of  learned  men,  and  particularly  respected  by  Selden."— 
Athen.  Oxon. ;  see  also  Nichols's  Leicestershire,  vol.  iii.  Part  1. 

Haynes,  Miss  C.  D.  The  Foundling  of  Devonshire  ; 
or,  Who  is  She?  1818,  5  vols. 

Haynes,  Christopher.  Papers  relating  to  the 
Trade  and  Commerce  of  G.  Brit,  and  Ireland;  pub.  in 
Charles  King's  Collection,  Lon.,  1743,  3  vols.  8vo. 

Haynes,  D.  F.  Pierre  and  Adeline;  or,  The  Ro 
mance  of  the  Castle,  Lon.,  1814,  2  vols.  12mo. 

Haynes,  Hopton,  1672-1749,  Assay-master  of  the 
Mint,  a  friend  of  Sir  Isaac  Newton,  and  a  zealous  Soci- 
nian.  1.  Right  of  his  Majesty's  Chapel  Royal,  1728,  fol. 
2.  The  Scripture  Account  of  the  Attributes  and  Worship 
of  God,  and  of  the  Character  and  Offices  of  Jesus  Christ. 
Posth. ;  pub.  by  his  son,  1749, 8vo.  Repub.  by  Rev.  Theop. 
Lindsey,  1790,  8vo. 

"  The  most  zealous  Unitarian  I  ever  knew."— R.  BARON. 

"  Mr.  Haynes  has  left  behind  him  a  standing  memorial  of  the 
fearless  integrity  and  great  success  with  which  he  studied  the 
Bible,  in  his  Scripture  Account  of  the  Attributes."— Wince's  Anti- 
trinitarian  Biography. 

Haynes  also  pub.  some  tracts  against  Jacobitism,1714,<fcc. 

Haynes,  J.  Botanical  Garden  at  Chelsea,  Lon.,  1751, 
fol. 

Haynes,  James.  1.  Conscience;  or,  The  Bridal 
Night;  a  Tragedy,  in  Five  Acts.  This  Tragedy  was  first 
performed  about  1821.  2.  Durazzo;  a  Tragedy,  in  Five 
Acts,  1823. 


HAY 

"This  is  a  fine  Tragedy;  a  finer  we  could  hardly  name.  It 
abounds  with  '  thoughts  that  breathe  and  words  that  burn ;'  it  is 
worthy  the  author  of  '  Conscience.'"— ion.  Gent.  Mag.,  Sept.  1823. 

3.  Mary  Stuart;  a  Tragedy,  1840,  Svo. 

Haynes,  John.    Manufactories,  Ac.,  Lon.,  1706,  '15. 

Haynes,  John.     Con.  to  Mem.  Med.,  1799. 

Haynes,  Joseph.  The  Fatal  Mistake ;  a  Tragedy, 
Lon.,  1696,  4to.  See  his  Life,  by  Thos.  Brown,  1701,  Svo. 

Haynes,  Mifflin  A.  The  South-Western  Law  Jour 
nal  and  Reporter,  Nashville,  1844,  Svo. 

Haynes,  Richard.  Prevention  of  Poverty,  Lon., 
1674,  Svo. 

Haynes,  Samuel,  D.D.,  d.  1752,  son  of  Hopton 
Haynes,  and  Rector  of  Clothal.  Collec.  of  State  Papers, 
Lon.,  1740,  fol.  See  CECIL,  WILLIAM,  Lord  Burleigh. 

Haynes,  Thomas,  of  Oundle.  1.  Nursery  Garden 
ing,  Lon.,  1811,  r.  Svo.  2.  Horticulture,  1811,  r.  Svo.  3. 
The  Strawberry,  Ac.,  1812,  Svo.  4.  Essay  on  Soils  and 
Composts,  1817,  12mo. 

Hays.     Food,  Animal  and  Vegetable,  Lon.,  1645,  Svo. 

Hays,  Edward.  Hist,  of  the  Irish  Rebellion,  N. 
York,  12mo. 

Hays,  Isaac,  M.D.,  b.  in  Philadelphia  in  1796,  grad. 
in  the  Department  of  Arts  of  the  Univ.  of  Penna.  in  1816; 
in  the  Medical  Department,  1820.  Editor  of  Wilson's 
American  Ornithology,  Hall's  ed.,  Phila.,  1828,  Svo;  Hob- 
lyn's  Diet,  of  Medical  Terms,  Ac.,  1846,  12ino ;  new  ed., 
from  the  last  London  ed.,  (7th,  1855,)  1855,  r.  12mo;  Law 
rence's  Treatise  on  Diseases  of  the  Eye,  1847,  Svo ;  Arnott's 
Elements  of  Physics,  1848,  Svo;  The  American  Journal 
of  Medical  Sciences,  from  its  commencement  in  1827  to  the 
present  time,  1856;  Phila.  Journal  of  Med.  and  Phys., 
vol.  iv. ;  contributed  papers  to  these  periodicals,  and  also 
to  the  Trans.  Amer.  Philos.  Soc. 

Hays,  Mrs.  Mary,  an  English  lady,  pub.  several 
novels,  Letters,  Essays,  and  juvenile  works,  1796-1817, 
and  the  following  work,  by  which  she  is  best  known :  Fe 
male  Biography,  Lon.,  1803,  6  vols.  sm.  Svo. 

Hayter.     Perspective  for  Children,  1814,  8vo. 

Hayter,  Rev.  J  ohn.v  Essay  on  1  Cor.  xi.,  Lon.,  1791, 
Svo. 

Hayter,  Rev.  John,  d.  at  Paris,  1818.  1.  Observa 
tions  on  a  Review  of  the  Herculanensia,  4to.  2.  Report 
upon  the  Herculaneum  MSS.,  Lon.,  1811,  r.  Svo.  Mr.  H. 
resided  for  several  years  at  Naples  and  at  Palermo,  for  the 
purpose  of  unrolling  and  deciphering  the  Greek  MSS. 
found  at  Herculaneum. 

Hayter,  Richard.    Book  of  Revelation,  Lon.,  1675. 

Hayter,  Thomas,  D.D.,  d.  1762,  Bishop  of  Norwich, 
1749;  trans,  to  London,  1761.  Occasional  serms.,  and  a 
charge,  Lon.,  1732-59. 

Hayter,  Thomas,  d.  1799,  aged  53.  Serm.,  Lon. 
1791,  Svo. 

J!  ay  us,  John.    See  HAY. 

Hayward,  Abraham,  Q.C.  1.  Trans,  of  Savigny's 
Vocation  of  our  Age  for  Legislation  and  Jurisprudence, 
Lon.,  Svo.  See  Lieber's  Hermeneutics,  ed.  1839,  p.  127. 
2.  Statutes  founded  on  the  C.  Law  Reports,  1832,  12mo. 
See  5  Leg.  Obs.  189.  3.  Law  regarding  Marriage  with  the 
Sister  of  a  Deceased  Wife;  3d  ed.,  1846,  8vo,  pp.  28.  4, 
Trans,  of  Goethe's  Faust,  in  English  prose,  Pt.  1, 1833,  fp. 
8vo ;  4th  ed.,  1847,  ISmo.  5.  Juridical  Tracts,  1856,  p.  Svo. 
6.  Biographical  and  Critical  Essays,  1858, 2  vols.  Svo.  Com 
mended.  See  Judge  Story's  Life  and  Letters,  ii.  324,  and 
the  life  of  EDWARD  EVERETT,  in  this  Dictionary,  p.  569. 

Hayward,  C.     Serms.,  1793,  '99,  both  Svo. 

Hayward,  Charles,  Jr.  Life  of  Sebastian  Cabot, 
in  Sparks's  Amer.  Biog.,  Series  1,  ix.  91-162. 

Hayward,  Edward.  Ships  in  R.  Navy,  Ac.,  Lon., 
1660,  fol. 

Hayward,  George,  M.D.,  President  of  the  Mass.  Me 
dical  Society,  late  Prof,  of  Surgery  in  Harvard  University. 
Trans.  Bichat's  General  Anatomy,  Boston,  1818-22,  3 
vols.  Svo.  Trans.  Becklard's  additions  to  Bichat's  Anatomy, 
Boston,  1823,  Svo.  1.  Outlines  of  Physiology,  Bost.,  1834, 
12mo.  2.  Surgical  Reports  and  Miscellaneous  Papers  on 
Medical  Subjects,  Bost.,  1855,  12mo. 

"  Valuable  alike  to  the  non-professional  reader,  to  the  medical 
student,  and  to  the  veteran  practitioner."— .ZV.  Amer.  Rev.,  July, 
1856. 167-182. 

Hayward,  or  Haywarde,  Sir  John,  d.  1627,  an 
English  historian,  educated  at  Cambridge,  was  knighted 
in  1619.  1.  The  first  part  of  the  Life  and  Raigne  of  King 
Henrie  the  IIIL,  Lon.,  1599,  4to.  With  Cotton's  Henry 
III.,  1642,  12mo.  2.  An  Answer  to  the  First  Part  of  a 
Conference  concerning  Succession,  pub.  not  long  since 
under  the  name  of  R.  Doleman  (Parsons),  1603, 4to.  Again, 
under  the  title  of  The  Right  of  Succession  asserted,  Ac., 


HAY 

683,  Svo.  3.  Union  of  Eng.  and  Scot.,  1604,  4to.  4. 
Lives  of  Wm.  I.,  Wm.  II.,  and  Henry  I.,  1613,  4to.  5. 
The  Sanctuarie  of  a  Troubled  Soul,  1616, 12mo.  2d  Part, 
L649,  12mo.  Reprinted  in  the  Harleian  Miscellany.  6. 
David's  Tears,  1622,  Svo;  1623,  '25,  4to,-  1636, 12mo.  7. 
hrist's  Prayer,  1623,  8vo.  8.  Supremacie  in  Affairs  of 
Religion,  1624,  4to.  9.  The  Life  and  Raigne  of  Edward 
VI.,  1630,  4to;  1636,  Svo;  1642,  12mo;  1730,  4to;  and  in 
Rennet's  Collec.,  ii.  273, 1706.  See  Athen.  Oxon. ;  Strype; 
Kennet;  Bp.  Nicolson's  Hist.  Lib. 

Hayward  dedicated  his  Raigne  of  King  Henrie  IIIL  to 
the  Earl  of  Essex,  which  together  with  some  of  the  his 
torian's  remarks,  displeased  Queen  Elizabeth,  who  ordered 
Lord  Bacon  to  search  the  book  for  treasons.  Bacon  re 
ported  that  there  was  no  treason,  but  that  there  were  many 
felonies  j  for  the  author  "had  stolen  many  of  his  sentences 
and  conceits  out  of  Cornelius  Tacitus." 

Hayward,  John.  1.  View  of  the  U.  States,  N.  York, 
1833,  Svo.  2.  Religious  Creeds,  Ac.  of  the  U.  States  and 
of  the  Brit.  Provinces,  Bost.,  1837, 12mo.  3.  N.  England 
Gazetteer,  1839,  Svo.  4.  Book  of  Religions,  1842,  12mo. 
5.  Gazetteer  of  the  U.  States,  Portland,  1843,  Svo. ;  Phila., 
1854,  Svo.  6.  Gazetteer  of  Mass.,  N.  Hamp.,  and  Vermont, 
Bost.,  1849. 

Hayward,  Joseph.  1.  Science  of  Horticulture,  1818, 
Svo.  2.  Science  of  Agriculture,  Lon.,  1825,  Svo. 

"  Shows  a  very  sound  scientific  judgment  in  all  practical  points." 
-^-Donaldson's  AgrioiM.  Biog. 

"  Blends  much  practical  information  in  confirmation  of  theory." 
— Lon.  Month.  Rev. 

3.  Fruitfulness  and  Barrenness  in  Plants,  Ac.,  1834, 12mo. 
"  The  subject  is  extremely  well  handled,  but  in  a  practical  view 

it  merits  no  comment." — Donaldson's  Agricult.  Biog. 

4.  Mode  of  Training  Vines;  Trans.  Hortic.  Soc.,  1815. 
Hayward,  Roger,  D.D.     Serms.,  Lon.,  1673,  '76. 
Hayward,  Samuel.     1.  Serm.  to  Sailors  on  Ps.  cvii. 

31,  1746,  Svo.     2.  XVII.  Serms.,  Lon.,  1758,  '92,  Svo. 

"  Composed  in  a  truly  evangelical  style,  and  well  adapted  for 
usefulness." — WALTER  WILSON. 

3.  Serm.  to  Youth  on  Prov.  viii.  17,  1756,  Svo.  4.  Reli 
gious  Cases  of  Conscience.  See  PIKE,  SAMUEL. 

Hayward,  Thomas.  The  British  Muse;  or,  A  Col 
lection  of  Thoughts,  Moral,  Natural,  and  Sublime,  of  our 
English  Poets  who  flourished  in  the  16th  and  17th  Centu 
ries,  Lon.,  1738,  3  vols.  12mo ;  1740,  3  vols.  12mo,  under 
the  title  of  The  Quintessence  of  English  Poetry,  Ac.  Per 
haps  a  new  title-page  only.  The  preface,  containing  an  His 
torical  and  Critical  Notice  of  all  the  Collections  of  this  Kind 
that  were  ever  published,  was  written  by  Wm.  Oldys,  under 
the  supervision  and  with  the  corrections  of  Dr.  Campbell. 

"The  most  comprehensive  and  exact  Commonplace  of  the  Works, 
of  our  most  eminent  poets  throughout  the  reign  of  Queen  Eliza 
beth,  and  afterwards."—  Warton's  Hist,  of  Eng.  Poet.,  ed.  1840,  iii. 
234. 

"A  collection  incomparably  preferable  to  all  preceding  ones." — 
Disraeli's  Amenities  of  Literature,  q.  v. 

And  see  Brydges's  Phillips's  Theat.  Poet.  Anglic.,  Pref. 
Ixvi. 

"  If  the  grain  were  separated  from  the  chaff  which  fills  the  works 
of  our  National  Poets,  what  is  truly  valuable  would  be  to  what  is 
useless  in  the  proportion  of  a  molehill  to  a  mountain." — BURKE. 

Haywarde,  Sir  John.    See  HAYWARD. 

Haywarde,  Richard.  Prismatics,  N.  York,  1853, 
12mo.  A  collection  of  Prose  and  Poetry. 

Haywarde,  Wm.  1.  Trans,  from  the  French  of  Ge- 
nerall  Pardon,  Lon.,  1571,  8vo.  A  theolog.  treatise.  2. 
Bellum  Grammaticale,  1576,  Svo. 

Haywood.  Secret  Hist,  of  the  Life  of  Mary,  Queen 
of  Scots,  with  the  real  cause  of  all  her  Misfortunes,  1725, 
Svo. 

Haywood,  Eliza.    See  HEYWOOD. 

Haywood,  Capt.  F.  Memoir  of,  with  Extracts  from 
his  Diary  and  Corresp.,  Lon.,  1832,  Svo. 

Haywood,  F.  Analysis  of  Kant's  Critick  of  Pure 
Reason,  Lon.,  1844,  Svo. 

Haywood,  Henry,  d.  1755,  a  minister  of  the  Soci- 
nian  Baptists  in  Charleston,  S.C.,  trans,  into  English  Dr. 
Whitby's  treatise  on  Original  Sin,  and  left  a  defence  of 
Whitby  against  Gill,  and  a  catechism,  ready  for  the  press. 

Haywood,  James.  Letters  to  Farmers,  Worksop, 
1852,  12mo. 

"  Neat  on  every  department  of  agriculture,  and  form  a  useful 
handbook  to  every  former." — Donaldson's  Agricult.  Biog. 

Haywood,  Judge  John.     1.  N.  Carolina  Reports, 

1789-1806;  2d  ed.,  by  W.  H.  Battle,  Raleigh,  1832-43,  2 

vols.  Svo.     2.  N.  Carolina  Justice,  Svo.     3.  Publick  Acts 

of  N.  Carolina  and  Tennessee,  2d  ed.,  Nashville,  1810,  4to. 

4.  Tennessee  Reports,  1816-18;  Knoxville  and  Nashville, 

I  1818,  3  vols.  Svo.     5.  In  conjunction  with  Robert  L.  Cobbs, 

!  Statute  Laws  of  Tennessee,  Knoxville,  1831,  Svo. 


HAY 

Haywood,  Thomas.  1.  Londini  Artium  et  Scien- 
tiarum  Scaturigo ;  or,  London  Fountaine  of  Arts  and 
Sciences,  1631,  4to.  2.  Porta  Pietatis,  1638,  4to. 

Haywood,  Win.,  D.D.  Serms.,  1642,  '48,  '60,  '63. 
See  Petition  and  Articles  exhibited  against  him  in  Par 
liament,  1641,  4to. 

Hazard,  Miss  Ann.  Emma  Stanley;  or,  The  Or 
phans,  N.  York. 

Hazard,  Ebenezer,  d.  1817,  aged  73,  a  native  of 
Philadelphia,  Penn.,  grad.  at  Princeton  College  in  1762 ; 
Postmaster-General  of  the  U.  States,  1782-89.  Historical 
Collections;  consisting  of  State  Papers  and  other  authentic 
Documents  intended  as  materials  for  a  Hist,  of  the  U. 
States  of  America,  Phila.,  2  vols.  4to ;  i.  1792 ;  ii.  1794. 

"  A  valuable  collection  of  documents  relating  to  American  His 
tory."—  Rich's  Bibl.  Amer.  Nova,  i.  375,  q.  v.  And  see  Hazard's  Re 
marks  on  a  Report  concerning  the  Western  Indians,  2  Mass.  Hist. 

Hazard,  Joseph,  of  Lincoln  College,  Oxford.  The 
Conquest  of  Quebec;  a  Poem,  Lon.,  1769,  4to. 

Hazard,  Rowland  G.,  b.  1801,  in  South  Kingston, 
Rhode  Island,  an  extensive  manufacturer  at  Peace  Dale, 
Ehode  Island.  1.  Language :  its  Connexion  with  the  pre 
sent  Constitution  and  future  prospects  of  Man,  by  Hete- 
roscian,  Providence,  1836.  This  work  is  thus  referred  to 
by  an  eminent  authority : 

"Volumes  have  not  only  been  read,  but  written,  in  flying  jour 
neys.  I  have  known  a  man  of  vigorous  intellect,  who  had  enjoyed 
few  advantages  of  early  education,  and  whose  mind  was  almost 
engrossed  by  the  details  of  an  extensive  business,  but  who  com 
posed  a  book  of  much  original  thought,  in  steamboats  and  on 
horseback,  while  visiting  distant  customers." — WM.  ELLERY  CHAN- 
NING,  D.D. :  Sdf -Culture;  in  the  collective  ed.  of  his  Works,  3d  ed., 
ii.  104. 

A  review  of  Language,  written  by  Miss  Peabody,  ap 
peared  soon  after  the  publication  of  the  latter.  Mr.  H. 
has  also  pub.  several  pamphlets,  1841-48,  upon  Public 
Schools,  Railroads,  Ac. 

Hazard,  Samuel,  a  son  of  Ebenezer  Hazard,  (ante,) 
b.  in  1784,  in  Philadelphia,  Penn.  1.  Register  of  Penn 
sylvania,  Phila.,  1828-36,  16  vols.  large  8vo.  This  valu 
able  work,  containing  a  large  mass  of  historical  matter,  is 
frequently  cited  by  historians,  and  is  received  as  authority 
in  the  courts  of  Pennsylvania.  See  Rich's  Bibl.  Amer. 
Nova,  ii.  204.  2.  United  States  Commercial  and  Statistical 
Register,  1839-42,  6  vols.  8vo.  3.  Annals  of  Pennsylvania, 
from  the  Discovery  of  the  Delaware,  (1609,)  to  the  year  1682, 
1  vol.  8vo,  pp.  800.  This  vol. — complete  in  itself — is  in 
tended  as  the  first  of  a  series  designed  to  cover  the  period 
from  1609  to  1856.  4.  Pennsylvania  Archives,  1682-1790, 
printed  by  appointment  of  the  Legislature,  from  the  origi 
nals  in  the  office  of  the  Secretary  of  State.  The  whole 
series  up  to  1790  has  appeared,  in  12  vols.  of  about  800  pp. 
each;  one  vol.  more,  composed  entirely  of  an  Index  to  16 
vols.  of  Colonial  Records,  previously  printed,  and  the  12 
vols.  of  Archives,  will  complete  the  whole  period  authorized 
to  be  embraced  in  the  work.  It  is  to  such  indefatigable 
labourers  as  Mr.  Hazard  and  his  father  that  historians  are 
indebted  for  much  of  the  most  valuable  portions  of  their 
compilations. 

Hazard,  Thomas  R.,  of  "  Vaucluse,"  Rhode  Island, 
a  brother  of  Rowland  G.  Hazard,  was  b.  in  1784,  in  South 
Kingston,  Rhode  Island.  1.  Facts  for  the  Labouring  Man, 
1840.  2.  Essay  on  Capital  Punishment,  1850.  3.  Report 
on  the  Poor  and  Insane  of  the  State,  1850.  4.  Handbook 
of  the  National  American  Party,  1856. 

Hazeland,  Wm.     Serms.,  1756-61,  all  4to. 

Hazelius,  E.  L.,  D.D.,  Lutheran  Pastor,  Prof,  in 
Theolog.  Seminary,  Lexington,  S.C.  1.  Life  of  Luther, 
N.Y.,  1813.  2.  Life  of  Stilling,  from  the  German,  Gettys 
burg,  1831.  3.  Augsburg  Confession,  with  Annotations.  4. 
Evangelisches  Magazin,  ed.  1831.  5.  Materials  for  Cate- 
chization  on  passages  of  Scripture,  1823.  6.  Church  History, 
4  vols.— History  of  the  Lutheran  Church  in  America,  1846. 

Hazen,  E.,  of  New  York.  1.  New  Speller  and  Definer, 
Phila.,  12mo.  2.  Panorama  of  Trades,  Manufactures,  Ac. 
3.  Speller  and  Definer,  12mo.  4.  Popular  Technology,  N. 
York,  18mo.  5.  Practical  English  Grammar.  6.  Symboli 
cal  Spelling-Books ;  do.  Pts.  1  and  2.  Upwards  of  a  million 
copies  of  Mr.  Hazen's  popular  school-books  have  been  pub. 

Hazlitt,  William,  1778-1830,  the  son  of  a  Unitarian 
minister  of  Shropshire,  after  receiving  his  education  at  the 
Unitarian  College  at  Hackley,  began  life  as  an  artist,  and 
executed  a  number  of  paintings,  which  pleased  every  taste 
but  that  of  the  too  fastidious  artist,  who  threw  away  the 
pencil  in  disgust,  even  amidst  the  commendations  of  his 
admiring  friends.  Removing  to  London,  he  secured  a 
situation  as  Parliamentary  reporter  for  some  of  the  daily 
papers,  and  thus  commenced  a  literary  career  of  great 


HAZ 

'  diligence,  which  was  prosecuted  until  his  death  in  1830. 
He  contributed  largely  to  various  periodicals ;  and  many 
of  his  most  popular  essays,  afterwards  collected  into  vo 
lumes,  originally  thus  appeared  as  fugitive  essays.  He 
was  one  of  the  contributors  to  the  Edinburgh  Review,  and 
also  oificiated  as  home  editor  of  "  The  Liberal." 

His  first  acknowledged  production  (pub.  anonymously) 
was — 1.  An  Essay  on  the  Principles  of  Human  Action, 
which  has  been  commended  as  indicative  of  considerable 
metaphysical  acuteness.  This  work  was  succeeded  by  the 
following  publications  : — 2.  The  Eloquence  of  the  British 
Senate,  1808,  2  vols.  8vo.  3.  English  Grammar  for  Schools, 
Ac.,  1810,  12mo.  4.  The  Round  Table;  a  collection  of 
Essays,  1817,  2  vols.  8vo.  Written  for  the  Examiner 
in  connection  with  Leigh  Hunt.  5.  Character  of  Shak- 
speare's  Plays,  1817,  8vo.  6.  A  View  of  the  English  Stage ; 
containing  a  series  of  Dramatic  Criticism,  1818,  8vo.  7 
Lectures  on  English  Poetry,  delivered  at  the  Surrey  Insti 
tute  in  1818,  8vo.  8.  The  Spirit  of  the  Age,  p.  8vo.  9. 
The  Plain  Speaker,  2  vols.  8vo.  10.  Political  Essays,  with 
Sketches  of  Public  Characters,  8vo.  11.  Lectures  on  tho 
English  Comic  Writers,  12mo.  12.  Lects.  on  the  Dramatic 
Literature  of  the  Age  of  Elizabeth,  12mo.  13.  Table-Talk : 
Original  Essays,  1821,  2  vols.  12mo.  14.  Liber  Amoris; 
or,  The  New  Pygmalion,  12mo.  15.  Criticisms  on  Art,  2 
vols.  12mo.  16.  Sketches  of  the  Principal  Picture-Gal- 
leries,  12mo.  17.  Life  of  Napoleon  Bonaparte,  1828, 4  vols. 
8vo.  18.  A  Letter  to  Wm.  Gifford.  19.  Journey  through 
France  and  Italy,  8vo.  20.  Essays  and  Characters;  writ 
ten  at  Winterslow,  12mo.  21.  Conversations  with  James 
Northcote,  p.  8vo.  We  might  also  include  his  treatise  on 
the  Fine  Arts,  contributed  to  the  7th  ed.  Encyc.  Brit.,  (see 
HAYDON,  BENJAMIN  ROBERT,)  a  volume  of  Characteristics, 
<&c.  After  his  decease,  his  son  pub.  his  Literary  Remains, 
with  Life,  by  his  son,  and  Thoughts  on  his  Genius  and 
Writings,  by  Sir  E.  L.  Bulwer  and  Sir  T.  Noon  Talfourd, 
1836,  2  vols.  8vo.  New  ed.,  1839,  2  vols.  8vo.  This  the 
reader  must  procure,  and  also  the  revised  edits,  of  his  best- 
known  works,  edited  by  his  son,  (1845,  <fec.)  viz. :  Table- 
Talk,  2  vols. ;  Plain  Speaker,  2  vols. ;  Lects.  on  Dramatic 
Lit;  on  the  English  Stage;  on  English  Poets;  on  English 
Comic  Writers ;  Characters  of  Shakspeare's  Plays ;  Criti 
cisms  on  Art,  2  series,  2  vols. ;  Winterslow  Essays  and  Cha 
racters,  &c.  Messrs.  Carey  &  Hart,  Philadelphia,  pub. 
in  1848,  (in  5  vols.  12mo,)  The  Miscellaneous  Works  of 
William  Hazlitt :  Vols.  I.,  II.  Table-Talk ;  III.  Lects.  on  the 
Dramatic  Lit.  of  the  Age  of  Elizabeth ;  Characters  of  Shak- 

r ire's  Plays;  IV.  Lects.  on  the  English  Comic  Writers; 
ts.  on  the  English  Poets;  V.  The  Spirit  of  the  Age. 
Mr.  H.  C.  Baird,  of  Phila.,  has  added  to  these  5  vols.  a 
reprint  of  the  Life  of  Napoleon,  in  1  vol.  8vo.  A  2d  ed.  of 
this  work,  revised  by  the  author's  son,  was  pub.  Lon.,  1852, 
4  vols.  12mo.  Hazlitt  also  edited  An  Abridgment  of  the 
Light  of  Nature,  originally  published  in  seven  volumes, 
under  the  name  of  Edward  Search,  Esq.,  1807,  8vo. 

As  an  essayist,  a  critic,  and  a  sketcher  of  literary  por 
traits,  both  the  merits  and  demerits  of  Hazlitt  were  un 
doubtedly  great.  In  testimony  of  this  assertion  we  could 
summon  many  witnesses,  but  our  limits  will  admit  of  but 
brief  citations: 

"In  critical  disquisitions  on  the  leading  characters  and  works 
of  the  drama,  he  is  not  surpassed  in  the  whole  range  of  English 
literature;  and  what  in  an  especial  manner  commands  admiration 
in  their  perusal  is  the  indication  of  refined  taste  and  chastened 
reflection  which  they  contain,  and  which  are  more  perspicuous  in 
detached  passages  than  in  any  entire  work.  He  appears  greater 
when  quoted  than  when  read.  Possibly,  had  his  life  been  pro 
longed,  it  might  have  been  otherwise,  and  some  work  emanated  from 
his  gifted  pen  which  would  have  -placed  his  fame  on  a  durable 
foundation." — SIR  ARCHIBALD  ALISON  :  Hist,  of  Europe,  1815-52. 

"  We  are  not  apt  to  imbibe  half  opinions,  or  to  express  them  by 
halves;  we  shall,  therefore,  say  at  once,  that  when  Mr.  Hazlitt's 
taste  and  judgment  are  left  to  themselves,  we  think  him  among 
the  best,  if  not  the  very  best,  living  critic  on  our  national  litera 
ture As  we  have  not  scrupled  to  declare  that  we  think  Mr. 

Hazlitt  is  sometimes  the  very  best  living  critic,  we  shall  venture 
one  step  farther,  and  add,  that  we  think  he  is  sometimes  the  very 
worst.  One  would  suppose  that  he  had  a  personal  quarrel  with 
all  living  writers,  good,  bad,  or  indifferent.  In  fact,  he  seems  to 
know  little  about  them,  and  to  care  less.  With  him,  to  be  alive 
is  not  only  a  fault  in  itself,  but  it  includes  all  other  possible  faults. 
He  seems  to  consider  life  as  a  disease,  and  death  as  your  only 
doctor.  He  reverses  the  proverb,  and  thinks  a  dead  ass  is  better 
than  a  living  lion.  In  his  eyes,  death,  like  charity,  '  covereth  a 
multitude  of  sins.'  In  short,  if  you  want  his  praise,  you  must 
die  for  it ;  and  when  such  praise  is  deserved,  and  given  con  amort, 
it  is  almost  worth  dying  for."— PROFESSOR  JOHN  WILSON:  Black- 
wooffs  Mag.,  iii.  75 ;  notice  of  Hazlitt's  Lects.  on  English  Poetry. 

"  When  we  reflect  upon  the  manner  in  which  he  brings  things 
before  those  who  attended  his  lectures,  some  of  his  old  acquaint 
ance  and  their  friends,  we  feel  nothing  but  disgust  at  him,  ana 
doubt  of  the  true  refinement  of  an  age  in  which  a  polite  and  well 
educated  audience  would  allow  of  such  gross  personalities.  If  Mr. 


HAZ 


HEA 


Hazlitt  is  blind  to  the  beauties  of  the  living  poets,  it  is  of  little 
consequence  to  them  or  to  us ;  but  we  are  offended  at  the  vulgarity 
rf  the  attacks  upon  the  characters  of  Wordsworth  and  Coleridge; 
nor  does  he  rise  in  our  estimation  by  seeking  to  make,  out  of  the 
faults  of  Burns,  a  defence  for  licentiousness  and  a  rude  attack 
upon  a  well-principled  man." — RICHARD  HENRY  DANA:  N.  Amer. 
Rev.,  viii.  27,  vi.  322 ;  review  of  Lects.  on  English  Poetry. 

Hazlitt  indeed  dwelt  more  with  the  dead  than  the  living, 
and  the  enthusiasm  he  evinces  when  he  has  exchanged  the 
drawing-room  for  the  graveyard — especially  when  gar 
nishing  the  sepulchre  of  the  greatest  of  English  poets — is 
well  described  by  a  late  eminent  critic : 

"He  seems  pretty  generally,  indeed,  in  a  state  of  happy  intoxi 
cation — and  has  borrowed  from  his  great  original,  not  indeed  the 
force  and  brilliancy  of  his  fancy,  but  something  of  its  playfulness, 
and  a  large  share  of  his  apparent  joyousness  and  self-indulgence 
in  its  exercise.  It  is  evidently  a  great  pleasure  to  him  to  be  fully 
possessed  with  the  beauties  of  his  author,  and  to  follow  the  impulse 
of  his  unrestrained  eagerness  to  impress  them  upon  his  readers." 
— LORD  JEFFREY  :  Edin.  Rev.,  xxviii.  472. 

Mr.  Tuckerman  estimates  Hazlitt's  abilities  very  highly, 
and  asserts  that  he 

"Possessed,  in  a  very  eminent  degree,  what  we  are  inclined  to 
believe  the  most  important  requisite  for  true  criticism,— a  great 
natural  relish  for  all  the  phases  of  intellectual  life  and  action." 

But  he  makes  a  large  deduction  from  his  praise  when 
he  admits  that 

"  There  is  scarcely  a  page  of  Hazlitt  which  does  not  betray  the 
influence  of  strong  prejudice,  a  love  of  paradoxical  views,  and  a 
tendency  to  sacrifice  the  exact  truth  of  a  question  to  an  effective 
turn  of  expression." — Characteristics  of  Literature,  Second  Series  : 
The  Critic  ;  WiUiam  Hazlitt. 

Certainly  one  of  the  best  criticisms  elicited  by  the 
writings  of  Hazlitt  is  the  review,  by  Sir  T.  N.  Talfourd, 
of  the  Lectures  on  the  Dramatic  Literature  of  the  Age 
of  Elizabeth,  originally  published  in  the  Edinburgh  Re 
view,  xxxiv.  438-449,  and  since  reprinted  in  the  author's 
Miscellaneous  Writings.  See  also — in  addition  to  the  au 
thorities  already  cited — 1.  De  Quincey's  Essays  on  the 
Poets  and  the  English  Writers,  vol.  x.  of  his  Collected 
Works,  Bost,  1853,  12mo.  2.  Allan  Cunningham's  Biog. 
and  Crit.  Hist,  of  England  for  the  last  Fifty  Years.  3. 
Dibdin's  Library  Companion.  4.  Gilfillan's  Galleries  of 
Literary  Portraits,  i.  and  iii.  5.  Southey's  Life  and  Cor 
respondence.  6.  Whipple's  Essays  and  Reviews,  2d  ed., 
ii.  125-126,  and  in  N.  Amer.  Rev.,  Oct.  1845 ;  and  the  fol 
lowing  articles:  7.  Lon.  Quar.  Rev.,  xvii.  154;  xviii.  458; 
xix.  424  j  xxii.  158 ;  xxvi.  103.  8.  Edin.  Rev.,  Ixiv.  395. 
9.  Lon.  Month.  Rev.,  xcii.  153 ;  xciii.  59,  250;  ci.  55;  cvii. 
1;  ex.  113;  cxxiii.  275.  10.  Edin.  Month.  Rev.,  iii.  297. 

11.  Blackwood's  Mag.,  ii.  556,  558,  560,  679,  681,  683;  iii. 
71,  72,  74,  303,  550,  587;  xi.  333,  370;  xii.  157,  701,  702; 
xiv.  219,  309,  313,  428;  xvi.  71;  xvii.  131,  361;  xviii.  506; 
xx.  786;  xxi.  474;  xxiii.  386,399;  xxiv.  695;  xxxiii.  136. 

12.  Dubl.  Univ.  Mag.,  viii.  406.   13.  Eraser's  Mag.,  xix.  278. 
14.  Eclec.  Rev.,  vii.  288.     15.  N.  Amer.  Rev.,  xliii.  543. 
16.  Amer.  Quar.  Rev.,  xx.  265.     17.  Amer.  Whig  Rev.,  v. 
98 ;  xiv.  138.    18.  Museum,  ix.  154.    19.  Living  Age,  (from 
Jerrold's  Mag.,)  iv.  459.     20.  South.  Quar.  Lit.  Mess.,  ii. 
617.     21.  Analec.  Mag.,  xii.  201. 

Hazlitt,  William,  Jr.,  of  the  Middle  Temple,  son 
of  the  preceding,  and  editor  of  his  father's  Works,  is  best 
known  as  an,  author  by  his  translations  of  the  Life  of  Lu 
ther,  1846,  '48, 12mo ;  Michelet's  Roman  Republic,  sm.  8vo; 
Guizot's  Hist,  of  the  English  Revolution,  1846,  12mo; 
Guizot's  Hist,  of  Civilization,  pub.  by  Bogue,  1846,  3  vols. 
12mo,  again  by  Bohn,  1856,  3  vols.  12mo ;  Thierry'?  Hist, 
of  the  Conquest  of  England  by  the  Normans,  1847,  2  vols. 
12mo;  Hue's  Travels  in  Tartary,  &c.  in  1844-46,  2  vols. 
sq.  12mo,  1852.  See  also  his  ed.  of  Montaigne's  Works, 
1842,  r.  8vo;  of  De  Foe's  Works,  1840,  3  vols.  r.  8vo;  and 
the  Lives  of  the  British  Poets,  (based  upon  and  including 
Dr.  Johnson's  Lives,)  4  vols.,  1854,  <fec.  This  last-named 
publication  failed  to  elicit  the  enthusiastic  commendation 
of  the  sharp-sighted  and  quick-witted  critic  of  the  London 
Athenaeum :  see  the  No.  for  Feb.  18,  1854,  pp.  207-208. 

Hazlitt,  William  Carew,  son  of  the  preceding. 
The  History  of  the  Origin  and  Rise  of  the  Republic  of 
Venice,  Lon.,  1858,  2  vols.  8vo.  The  history  is  brought 
down  to  the  close  of  the  thirteenth  century. 

"  So  far,  it  is  a  creditable  contribution  to  literature,  opening  to 
the  English  eye  fresh  passages  and  characteristics  of  the  romantic 
Venetian  annals.  .  .  .  One  result  is  to  expose,  even  more  signally 
than  had  previously  been  done,  the  comparative  worthlessnees  of 
Darn, — the  quarry  whence  most  English  compilations  have  of  late 
been  drawn."— Lon.Athen.,  1858, 41.  See  also  N.  Amer.Rev.,  Oct.1858. 

British  Columbia  and  Vancouver's  Island,  1858,  fp.  8vo. 

Head,  Sir  Edmund  Walker,  8th  Bart.,  son  of  the 
Rev.  Sir  John  Head,  7th  Bart.,  b.  1805,  near  Maidstone, 
Kent;  Gov.-Gen.  of  Canada  since  1854.  1.  Handbook  to  the 
Spanish  and  French  Schools  of  Painting,  Lon.,  1847,  p.  8vo. 

"  Sir  Edmund  is  logical  and  analytical,  lucid  in  style,  calm  in 
temper,  rejects  all  German  transcendentalisms,  and  picks,  with 


practical  English  sense,  the  kernel  from  the  husks,  ever  sacrificing 
the  second-class  and  trivial  for  the  first-rate  and  emphatic." — Lon. 
Quar.  Rev.,  June,  1848. 

"  The  review  of  these  two  schools  (Spanish  and  French)  is  so 
clear  and  concise,  that  we  can  name  no  work  which  contains  any 
abridged  histories  so  comprehensive  as  we  find  in  this  Handbook, 
fully  worthy,  in  every  respect,  of  all  those  which  have  preceded 
it."— Lon.  Art-Union. 

See  W.  H.  Prescott's  Miscellanies,  Bost.,  1855,  642. 

2.  Kugler's  Handbook  of  Painting :  The  German,  Flem 
ish,  and  Dutch  Schools.  Trans,  by  a  Lady;  edited,  with 
Notes,  by  Sir  E.  H.,  1843,  p.  8vo. 

"  Translated  by  a  lady,  and  edited,  with  notes,  by  Sir  Edmund 
Head,  aided  by  the  advice  of  Mr.  Eastlake,  Mr.  Gruner,  and  Mr. 
Ford,  this  volume  presents  us  with  a  view  of  the  German,  Flemish, 
and  Dutch  schools  of  Painting.  We  recommend  it  as  a  very  candid 
and  excellent  production." — Lon.  Literary  Gazette. 

Head,  Erasmus,  Preb.  of  Carlisle.  1,  2.  Senns. 
Lon.,  1746,  '47,  both  8vo.  3.  Roman  Antiq.,  1773. 

Head,  Sir  Francis  Bond,  brother  of  Sir  Edmund 
Walker  Head,  Bart,  K.C.H.,  b.  1793,  formerly  a  major  in 
the  Royal  Army,  and  Lieut.  Governor  of  Upper  Canada 
1835-38,  now  in  the  receipt  of  a  good-service  pension  of 
£100  per  annum.  1.  Rough  Notes  taken  during  some  Rapid 
Journeys  across  the  Pampas  and  among  the  Andes,  Lon., 
1826,  8vo;  4th  ed.,  1847,  p.  8vo.  These  rapid  journeys  ob 
tained  for  the  hurried  traveller  the  sobriquet  of  "  Galloping 
Head,"  from  "the  manner  in  which  he  scoured  across  the 
Pampas." 

"  The  gay  captain  scampers  across  the  Pampas  plains  at  the  rate 
of  a  hundred  to  a  hundred  and  twenty  miles  a  day.  .  .  .  His  are 
mere  sketches,  it  is  true,  but  the  outline  is  generally  so  well  and 
clearly  denned  as  to  produce  all  the  effect  of  a  finished  picture." — 
ROBERT  SOUTHEY  :  Lon.  Quar.  Rev.,  xxxiv.  114-148. 

"  This  book  has  all  the  interest  of  a  novel." — Lon.  Eclec.  Rev. 

"  Every  reader  may  draw  entertainment  and  instruction  from 
his  book."— N.  Amer.  Rev.,  xxiv.  295-321. 

2.  Reports  relating  to  the  Failure  of  the  Rio  Plata 
Mining  Association,  1827,  p.  8vo.  3.  Bubbles  from  the 
Brunnen  of  Nassau,  by  an  Old  Man,  1833,  p.  8vo,  6th 
ed.,  1841,  16mo. 

"Just  suited  for  the  pocket  and  for  Rhine  travellers."— ion. 
Athen&um. 

4.  Narrative  of  his  Administration  in  Upper  Canada, 
1839,  8vo;  3d  ed.,  same  year.     Respecting  the  topics  dis 
cussed  in  this  work,  see  Men  of  the  Time,  London,  1856; 
Rich's  Bibl.  Amer.  Nova,  ii.  287,  316;  Dubl.  Univ.  Mag., 
xiii.  501-519;  Westminster  Rev.,  xxxii.  426;  Eclec.  Rev.. 
4th  Ser.,  v.  556. 

"Sir  Francis  Head's  Narrative  is  a  very  remarkable  one,  being 
one  of  the  most  clear,  unreserved,  and  honest  accounts  ever  ren 
dered  by  a  public  servant,  of  the  arts,  the  principles,  and  the  policy 
of  an  unpopular  administration.  Few  provincial  governors  could 
have  to  relate  so  interesting,  so  arduous,  and  so  successful  a  strug 
gle." — Lon.  Quar.  Rev. 

"  A  lively,  pleasant,  self-complacent  piece  of  egoism,  ....  di 
rectly  opposite  in  all  its  characteristics  to  the  Report  of  Lord  Dur 
ham  ;  but  this  we  say  without  reference  to  the  principles  advocated 
by  either  party."— ion.  Athenaum,  1839, 169. 

5.  Life  of  Bruce,  1844,  '48, 18mo.     6.  The  Emigrant;  3d 
ed.,  1846;  6th  ed.,  1852,  p.  8vo. 

"  From  this  the  future  Mahon  will  gather  the  means  of  enliven 
ing  the  detail  of  our  annals ;  from  this  the  Macaulay  of  another 
day  will  draw  the  minute  circumstances  which  preserve  the  very 
form  and  image  of  the  past." — Lon.  Quar.  Rev. 

"  The  most  minute  and  accurate  autobiography  could  hardly 
have  done  more  to  explain  Sir  Francis  Head's  character  and  career 

than  the  little  work  before  us We  have  now  pretty  well 

picked  our  crow,  and  we  may  safely  dismiss  the  political  history 
and  theories  of  Sir  Francis  Head  into  the  region  of  chimeras  and 
confusion."— Edin.  Rev.,  Ixxxv.  358-397. 

7.  Stokers  and  Pokers — Highways  and  Byways,  1850, 

L8vo.     Originally  pub.  in  the  Lon.  Quarterly ;  now  en- 
ged  and  altered. 

"  It  is  a  very  clever,  rapid,  graphic,  and  effective  series,  descrip 
tive  of  the  difficulties  attendant  on  the  construction,  maintenance, 
and  working  of  a  great  railway,  with  illustrations  from  such  scenes 
as  may  be  witnessed  daily  on  the  line." — Lon.  Examiner. 

8.  The  Defenceless  State  of  Great  Britain,  1850,  p.  8vo. 
"A  most  timely  and  needful  warning,  which  every  one  will  do 

well  to  consider We  venture  to  think  that  it  will  not  be 

without  some  effect,  however  it  may  be  assailed  by  vulgar  abuse 
or  depreciated  by  contemptible  flippancy." — Blackwood's  Mag.. 
Dec.  1850. 

"  It  is  calculated  to  rouse  all  the  old  women  in  the  country. 
Such  a  fee-fa-fum  of  a  book  we  never  read.  The  Duke's  letter  to 
Sir  John  Burgoyne  was  nothing  to  it;  and  it  beats  even  Lord 
Ellesmere  hollow." — Lon.  Examiner. 

"  To  a  large  class  of  persons  he  will  appear  to  have  done  more 
good  than  harm,  even  by  the  publication  of  a  book  so  full  of  ex 
aggeration  that  it  is  difficult  to  say  whether  it  should  be  classed 
with  our  serious  or  with  our  imaginative  literature." — Lon.  Athe 
naeum,  1850,  1189. 

"  It  is  indeed  our  sense  of  the  real  danger,  and  our  anxiety  for 
a  practical  remedy,  that  have  induced  us  to  combat  at  such  length 
Sir  Francis  Head's  various  propositions ;— some  of  which,  we  think, 
are  too  slight  to  support  his  arguments,  and  others  too  vast  and 
too  vague  to  satisfy  the  common  sense  of  the  country."— Lon. 
Quar.  Rev.,  Ixxxviii.  269-316. 


IIEA 


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9.  A  Fortnight  in  Ireland,  1852,  8vo. 

"Having  blown  his  'bubbles'  in  Germany,  and  burnt  up  his 
'  French  faggot,'  the  author  seeks  on  Irish  ground  to  amuse  him 
self  and  his  readers  by  comic  sketches  interspersed  with  general 
reflections  made  in  his  own  peculiar  style."— Lon.  Athenaeum,  1852, 
1201. 

10.  A  Faggot  of  French  Sticks;  or,  Paris  in  1851,  2  vols. 
p.  8vo,  1852 ;  3d  ed.,  1855,  2  vols. 

"  He  took  with  him  to  his  task  the  kindly  spirit  and  minute 
observation  for  which  he  is  distinguished,  and,  on  his  return  to 
England,  cast  his  notes  and  reminiscences  into  volumes,  summon 
ing  to  his  aid  the  easy  cheerful  style  and  sly  humour  which  have 
long  caused  his  name  to  sound  harmoniously  in  the  ears  of  all 
lovers  of  a  genial  and  amusing  book.  We  rejoice  that  this  book 
is  one  we  can  honestly  praise."— Lon.  Literary  Gazette. 

"Very  curious,  readable,  and  in  some  sense  informing;  but, 
perhaps,  its  most  remarkable  feature  is,  how  much  may  be  seen  in 
Paris  in  a  short  time  by  a  man  who  resolutely  sets  about  it." — 
Lon.  Spectator. 

"  If  Sir  Francis  knew  how  much  we  admire  his  books,  we  almost 
think  (though  that  is  saying  much)  that  his  feelings  towards  the 
American  Republic  would  become  somewhat  kinder  and  gentler. 
....  From  the  delightful  Bubbles  from  the  Brunnen,  with  its 
quaint,  half-deprecatory  motto,—'"  Bubble,"  (bobbel,  Dutch,)  any 
thing  that  wants  solidity  and  firmness :  (Johnson's  Dictionary)' — 
down  to  the  Faggot,  and  including  the  more  recent  work  on  Ire 
land,  we  find  everywhere  the  same  freshness,  the  same  vividness 
of  narration,  and  the  same  good  sense.  The  Bubbles  are  not  alto 
gether  empty  and  fragile ;  the  Faggot  is  not  wholly  composed  of 
dry  and  crooked  sticks." — N.  Amer.  Rev.:  Travellers  in  France, 
Ixxvi.  397-428. 

See  an  article  on  Sir  Francis's  Works  in  the  Westminster 
Review,  xxxi.  461. 

Head,  Sir  George,  1782-1855,  brother  of  the  pre 
ceding.  1.  Forest  Scenes  and  Incidents  in  the  Wilds  of  N. 
America,  Lon.,  1829,  8vo;  new  ed.,  1839,  p.  8vo. 

"The  Rough  Notes  of  Captain  Head  on  his  gallop  across  South 
America  are  not  more  unlike  ordinary  travels  than  this  Diary  of 
a  winter's  journey  in  British  America,  and  a  summer  residence  in 
the  woods  there." — ROBERT  SOCTHEY  :  Lon.  Quar.  Rev.,  xlii.  80-105. 

2.  A  Home  Tour  through  the  Manufacturing  Districts 
of  England  in  1835,  2d  ed.,  1836,  8vo.  3.  A  Home  Tour, 
Ac.  j  a  continuation  of  the  preceding,  1837,  8vo;  3d  ed.  of 
both,  1840,  2  vols.  p.  8vo.  Reviewed  by  Robert  Southey 
in  Lon.  Quar.  Rev.,  lix.  316-327. 

4.  Rome ;  a  Tour  of  Many  Days,  1849,  3  vols.  8vo. 

"  The  present  work  is  intended  for  the  general  public,— to  furnish 
to  the  numerous  readers  at  home  and  abroad  a  simple  and  distinct 
account  of  Rome  and  its  Antiquities." — Preface. 

"  It  is  out  of  the  question  to  convey  by  such  means  as  are  at 
our  command  any  just  idea  of  the  mass  of  intelligence  collected 
by  Sir  George  Head.  He  seems  to  make  us  acquainted  with  every 
inch  of  Rome,  and  to  leave  nothing  for  future  workmen  to  do  in 
revealing  its  smallest  features.  The  roads,  the  streets,  the  palaces, 
the  churches,  the  relics  of  every  kind,  and  the  inhabitants  also, 
are  all  set  before  us  in  the  best  possible  order.  In  short,  it  is  a 
standard  work,  to  last  like  Rome." — Lon.  Literary  Gazette. 

5.  Trans,  from  the  Italian  of  Cardinal   Pacca's   Hist. 
Memoirs  of  himself,  with  Notes,  1850,  2  vols.  p.  8vo. 

"To  those  who  are  desirous  of  informing  themselves  minutely 
regarding  Napoleon's  relations  with  the  Papacy  from  1808  to  1814, 
this  work  will  be  extremely  interesting."— ion.  Athenaeum. 

6.  Trans,  of  Apuleius's  Metamorphoses ;  or,  the  Golden 
Ass,  1851,  p.  8vo.     This  is  commended  as  an  excellent 
translation. 

"It  may  be  read  with  interest  and  instruction  as  a  most  trust 
worthy  description  of  the  habits,  manners,  and  customs  prevailing 
in  the  Roman  provinces  in  the  second  century  of  the  Christian 
era." — Lon.  Athenceum. 

Head,  James  Roper.    Political  tracts,  1796,  '97. 
Head,  Rev.  Sir  John,  Bart.,  of  Hermitage,  near 
Rochester.     1.  Serm.,  1803,  8vo.     2.  Discourses,  1818,  8vo. 
Head,  Michael.    Azora;   a  Metrical  Romance,  in 
four  Cantos,  1814,  8vo. 

Head,  Richard,  drowned  in  1678,  was  the  author 
of  Hie  et  Ubique,  or  the  Humours  of  Dublin ;  a  Comedy, 
Lon.,  1663,  4to;  Parts  1  and  2  of  the  English  Rogue, 
(Parts  3  and  4  were  by  Francis  Kirkinan;)  and  some 
other  works.  See  Lowndes's  Bibl.  Man.,  890:  Biog.  Dra- 
mat,  iv.  321-322;  Winstanley's  Lives  of  the  Eng  Poets. 
Head,  Mrs.  Thomasen.  The  Pious  Mother:  or, 
Evidences  for  Heaven,  Lon.,  1839, 16mo.  Written  in  1650. 
tteadlam,  John.  Lett,  to  the  Rt.  Hon.  Robert  Peel 
on  Prison  Labour^  Lon.,  1823.  Reviewed  by  Rev.  Sydney 
Smith,  in  Edm.  Rev.,  Jan  1824 

f  m?  *lai?'  T^Has  E"  M'P"  Q-°-  L  Trustee  Act 
of  1850,  &c.,  Lon.,  18oO,  8vo ;  3d  ed.,  1855, 12mo.  2.  Supp. 

to  Dame  11  s  Chancery  Practice,  bringing  it  down  to  1851, 
8vo,  1851.     3.  New  Chancery  Acts,  &c.,  1852,  8vo 

"The  eminent  position  of  Mr.Headlam  entitles  his  work  on  th 
New  Chancery  Acts  to  an  early  notice  in  our  pages-  and  his  rm 
nions  on  the  recent  changes  in  Equity  Jurisdiction  and 
deserve  the  most  respectful  consideration.»_Ze0aZ 

Hcadlam,  John.     Serm.,  1804,  8vo. 
Headland,  Frederick  W.    Essay  on  the  Action  of 
Medicmes^in  the  System,  Lon.,  1850,  8vo;  2d  ed.,  1855,  8vo. 


"The  very  favourable  opinion  which  we  were  amongst  the  first 
to  pronounce  upon  this  essay  has  been  fully  confirmed  by  the 
general  voice  of  the  profession :  and  Dr.  Headland  may  now  be  con 
gratulated  upon  having  produced  a  treatise  which  has  been  weighed 
in  the  balance  and  found  worthy  of  being  ranked  with  our  stand 
ard  medical  works." — Lon.  Lancet. 

Headley,  Henry,  1766-1788,  a  native  of  Norwich, 
ducated  at  Trin.  Coll.,  Oxford,  pub.  a  vol.  of  Poems  and 
other  Pieces  in  1786,  8vo,  contributed  to  the  Gent.  Mag. 
under  the  signature  of  C.  T.  0.,  wrote  No.  16  of  the  Olla 
Podrida,  (2d  ed.,  Lon.,  1788,  8vo,)  pub.  several  papers  in 
The  Lucubrations  of  Abel  Slug,  and  gave  to  the  world,  in 
1787,  Select  Beauties  of  Ancient  English  Poets,  with  Re 
marks,  2  vols.  cr.  8vo.  A  new  ed.  of  this  work  appeared 
"n  1810,  2  vols.  cr.  8vo,  with  a  Biographical  Sketch  of  the 
author,  by  the  Rev.  Henry  Kett,  Fellow  of  Trin.  Coll., 
Oxford.  Headley  designed  and  pub.  two  vols.  similar  to 
the  preceding. 

"He  included,  under  the  unostentatious  and  general  term  Re 
marks,  a  Preface,  Introduction,  Biographical  Sketches,  Notes,  and 

a  Supplement His  principles  of  criticism  are  sound,  his 

remarks  are  pertinent,  and  they  are  often  made  with  a  degree  of 
acuteness,  force,  and  discrimination,  that  would  have  done  credit 
even  to  a  Johnson  or  a  Walpole The  collection  of  the  twenty- 
nine  Biographical  Sketches  of  the  old  English  Poets  may  be  con 
sidered  as  a  rich  cabinet  of  exquisite  portraits,  finished  with  all 
the  truth  and  spirit  of  a  Vandyke.  They  possess  a  peculiar  deli 
cacy  of  touch  and  fidelity  of  character.  The  colours  are  vivid ; 
the  features  of  each  person  are  discriminated  with  the  greatest 
precision ;  and  we  have  only  to  regret  that  we  have  no  more  com 
positions  of  the  kind  from  the  same  masterly  hand.  The  following 
selections  afford  ample  specimens  of  his  diligence  as  well  as  of  his 
talents  and  taste." — REV.  HENRY  KETT  :  Biog.  Sketch,  ubi  supra. 

See  Sir  S.  E.  Brydges's  Pref.  to  his  ed.  of  Phillips's 
Theat.  Poet.  Anglic.,  Ixx.,  Ixxi. ;  Blackwood's  Mag.,  xxxviii. 
677. 

Headley,  Rev.  Joel  Tyler,  b.  at  Walton,  Delaware 
county,  New  York,  Dec.  3,  1814,  graduated  at  Union  Col 
lege  in  1839,  and  subsequently  pursued  his  theological 
studies  at  the  Auburn  Theological  Seminary.  After  being 
licensed  in  the  city  of  New  York,  he  removed  to  Stock- 
bridge,  Mass.,  and,  for  about  two  years  and  a  half,  officiated 
as  pastor  of  a  church  in  that  place.  Obliged  from  failure 
of  his  health  to  abandon  his  intention  of  devoting  himself 
to  the  ministry,  he  determined  to  test  the  effects  of  foreign 
travel  upon  his  constitution,  and,  in  pursuance  of  this  reso 
lution,  passed  the  years  1842-43  in  Italy  and  other  por 
tions  of  the  Continent.  Upon  his  return  home,  in  1844, 
he  gave  to  the  world  the  results  of  his  observations,  in  two 
vols.,  which  met  with  a  reception  sufficiently  favourable  to 
make  the  tourist  henceforth  an  author  by  profession.  In 
May,  1850,  Mr.  Headley  was  married  to  Miss  Anna  A. 
Russel,  a  niece  of  Rev.  Dr.  Wm.  Ellery  Channing;  and 
in  1851  he  erected  a  villa  on  the  banks  of  the  Hudson, 
just  above  the  Highlands,  "commanding  a  view  of  sur 
passing  beauty  and  grandeur."  In  1854  he  was  elected  a 
member  of  the  Legislature  of  New  York. 

Mr.  Headley's  first  American  ancestor  was  the  eldest  son 
of  an  English  baron,  and  of  the  same  family  as  the  present 
Sir  Francis  Headley.  We  subjoin  a  list  of  Mr.  H.'s  pro 
ductions  : 

1.  A  translation  from  the  German,  1844.  Anon.  2.  Let 
ters  from  Italy,  1845,  12mo. 

"  A  work  upon  which  a  man  of  taste  will  be  gratified  to  linger. 
It  possesses  the  unfatiguing  charms  of  perfect  simplicity  and 
truth.  ...  We  meet  everywhere  the  evidences  of  manly  feeling, 
pure  sympathies,  and  an  honorable  temper.  In  many  of  the  pas 
sages  there  is  a  quiet  and  almost  unconscious  humour,  which 
reminds  us  of  the  delicate  raillery  of  the  Spectator.  The  style  is 
delightfully  free  from  every  thing  bookish  and  commonplace.  It 
is  natural,  familiar,  and  idiomatic.  It  approaches,  as  a  work  of 
that  kind  ought  to  do,  the  animation,  variety,  and  ease  of  spoken 
language."— R.  W.  GRISWOLD  :  Prose  Writers  of  America,  4th  ed., 
Phila.,  1852. 

See  South.  Rev.,  x.  85 ;  Democratic  Rev.,  (by  H.  T. 
Tuckerman,)  cxvii.  203  ;  Lon.  Athenaeum,  1845,  957-60. 

3.  The  Alps  and  the  Rhine;  a  Series  of  Sketches,  1845, 
12mo. 

"  In  a  former  number  of  this  journal  (Ath.,  No.  936)  we  cha 
racterized  Mr.  Headley's  Letters  from  Italy  as  '  teeming  with  ego- 
tism,  somewhat  meagre  in  detail,  and  ambitious  in  execution.' 
We  find  the  Alps  and  the  Rhine  yet  more  open  to  such  a  criticism." 
— Lon.  Athenceum,  1846,  291. 

"  That  it  is  a  pleasant  miscellaneous  tour  is  all  that  can  be  said 
about  it."— Lon.  Literary  Gazette,  1846,  379. 

4.  Napoleon  and  his  Marshals,  1846,  2  vols.  12mo. 

"  He  has  taken  the  subject  up  with  ardour,  but  with  little  pre 
vious  preparation :  the  work,  therefore,  indicates  imperfect  infor 
mation,  immature  views  of  character,  and  unconsidered  opinions. 
The  style  has  the  same  melodramatic  exaggeration  which  the 
whole  design  of  the  work  exhibits.  Yet  unquestionably  there  is 
power  manifested  even  in  the  feults  of  these  brilliant  sketches."— 
R.  W.  GRISWOLD  :  ubi  supra. 

See  reviews  by  W.  B.  0.  Peabody,  Chris.  Exam.,  xlii. 
174;  by  W.  T.  Bacon,  New  Englander,  iv.  364;  by  G.  H. 
Colton,  Amer.  Whig  Rev.,  iii.  537;  iv.  86. 


HEA 

5.  The  Sacred  Mountains,  1846,  8vo  and  12mo.  See 
Griswold's  Prose  Writers  of  America;  Poe's  Literati. 
6.  Washington  and  his  Generals,  1847,  2  vols.  12mo.  See 
South.  Lit.  Mess.,  xiii.  316 ;  Amer.  Whig  Rev.,  (by  G.  H. 
Colton,)  v.  517,  638.  7.  Life  of  Oliver  Cromwell,  1848, 
12mo.  See  Democratic  Rev.,  xxii.  333.  8.  Sacred  Scenes 
and  Characters,  1849,  8vo  and  12mo.  9.  The  Adirondack ; 
or,  Life  in  the  Woods,  1849.  In  this  work  Mr.  Headley 
relates  his  explorations  in  the  Adirondack  region  of  the 
State  of  New  York.  See  Lon.  Athenaeum,  1849,  833-34. 
10.  Sketches  and  Rambles,  1850, 12mo.  11.  Miscellanies, 
1850,  12mo.  The  authorized  edit,  is  pub.  by  Scribner. 
12.  The  Old  Guard  of  Napoleon,  from  Marengo  to  Water 
loo,  1851,  12mo.  This  is  based  principally  upon  the  his 
tory  of  Emile  Marco  de  St.  Hilaire.  See  Lon.  Athenaeum, 
1852,  1117.  13.  Lives  of  Winfield  Scott  and  Andrew 
Jackson,  1852,  12mo.  14.  Hist,  of  the  Second  War  be 
tween  England  and  the  United  States,  1853,  2  vols.  12mo. 
15.  The  Sacred  Plains  of  the  Bible,  1855, 12mo.  This  work 
was  written  by  J.  H.  Headley,  an  Englishman  who  died 
in  Buffalo  in  1858.  16.  Life  of  General  Washington, 
N.  York,  1857.  A  uniform  ed.  of  Mr.  Headley 's  Works,  in 
12  vols.,  was  pub.  previously  to  the  appearance  of  several 
of  his  later  productions.  So  great  has  been  the  demand 
for  his  writings  that  the  sale  had  reached  200,000  vols.  up 
to  1853.  In  addition  to  the  criticisms  above  noticed,  the 
reader  will  find  further  remarks  on  Mr.  Headley's  writings 
in  Amer.  Whig  Review,  vol.  ii. ;  Meth.  Quar.  Rev.,  viii. 
84 ;  and  articles  by  E.  0.  Dunning,  in  New  Englander,  v. 
402 ;  vi.  482. 

Headley,  Rev.  Phineas  Camp,  b.  at  Walton, 
Delaware  county,  New  York,  June  24,  1819,  is  a  brother 
of  the  preceding.  1.  Historical  and  Descriptive  Sketches 
of  the  Women  of  the  Bible,  Auburn,  1850,  12mo.  2.  Life 
of  the  Empress  Josephine  ;  new  ed.,  N.  York,  1850,  12mo. 
3.  Life  of  Lafayette;  new  ed.,  1855,  12mo.  4.  Life  of 
Louis  Kossuth,  Ac.,  Auburn,  1852,  12mo.  5.  Life  of  Mary, 
Queen  of  Scots,  5th  ed.,  1856,  12mo.  Mr.  Headley  has 
been  a  contributor  to  the  Christian  Parlor  Magazine,  the 
New  York  Observer,  the  New  York  Tribune,  the  Boston 
Traveller,  and  other  periodicals. 

Headrick,  Rev.  James.  1.  Mineralogy,  Agricul 
ture,  Manufactures,  Ac.  of  the  Island  of  Arran,  Edin., 
1807,  8vo.  2.  Agriculture  of  the  County  of  Angus,  or  For- 
farshire,  Lon.,  1807,  (1813  ?)  8vo. 

"  By  far  the  most  scientific  of  the  reports  of  the  Scotch  commit 
tees." — Donaldson's  AgriciM.  Biog. 

Headrick,  John.  Chymical  Secrets,  Lon.,  1697,  8vo. 

Heald,  W.  M.     Letter  to  Methodists,  1813. 

Healde,  Thomas,  M.D.    Profess,  works,  1769-1805. 

Heale,  Wm.  An  Apologie  for  Women,  Ac.,  Oxf., 
1609,  4to.  This  is  an  answer  to  Gager's  ungallant  posi 
tion — "  That  it  was  lawfull  for  Husbands  to  beate  their 
Wives."  We  have  already  visited  the  miserable  Gager 
with  deserved  reprehension:  see  GAGKR,  WM. 

Healey,  John.  Discovery  of  a  New  World,  Teuter- 
belly,  New  Land,  and  Forliana,  Lon.,  8vo.  This  is  a 
humorous  version  of  Bishop  Hall's  Mundus  Alter  et  Idem. 
See  Lowndes's  Bibl.  Man.,  890. 

Heap,  Henry.  Serm.,  Luke  xxiii.  42,  43,  Lon.,  1829, 
12mo. 

Heard,  F.  F.  1.  Duty  of  Justices  of  the  Peace  in 
Criminal  Prosecutions,  by  Daniel  Davis ;  3d  ed.,  revised 
and  greatly  enlarged,  Bost.,  8vo.  2.  In  conjunction  with 
Charles  R.  Train,  Precedents  of  Indictments,  Special  Pleas, 
Ac.,  adapted  to  Amer.  Practice,  with  Notes,  1855,  8vo.  A 
most  valuable  work.  3.  In  conjunction  with  Edmund 
Hastings  Bennett,  A  Selection  of  Leading  Cases  in  Crimi 
nal  Law,  with  Notes,  vol.  i.,  1856,  8vo,  pp.  616.  This  work 
should  accompany  Smith's  Leading  Cases,  and  Hare  and 
Wallace's  American  Leading  Cases :  see  HARE,  J.  I.  CLARK, 
and  WALLACE,  HORACE  BINNEY. 

Heard,  Wm.  Sentimental  Journey  to  Bath,  Ac.;  a 
Descrip.  Poem  and  Miscell.  Pieces,  Lon.,  1778,  4to. 

Hearn,  Edward.  On  John  xi.  48,  Lon.,  1844,  sm. 
8vo. 

Hearn,  Thomas,  M.D.  View  of  the  Rise  and  Pro 
gress  of  Freedom  in  Modern  Europe,  Ac.,  Lon.,  1793,  8vo. 

Hearn,  Thomas.     Garrison  at  Portsmouth,  1807. 

Hearne,  Erasmus.  The  Antiquarian  School;  or, 
The  City  Latin  Electrified,  Lon.,  1761,  fol. 

Hearne  or  Herne,  Samuel.  Domus  Carthusiana; 
an  Account  of  the  Charter-House,  Lon.,  1677,  8vo. 

Hearne,  Samuel,  1745-1792,  a  native  of  London, 
for  soine  years  a  midshipman  in  the  Royal  Navy  under 
Lord  Hood,  on  the  conclusion  of  the  war  entered  into  the 
service  of  the  Hudson's  Bay  Company,  which  despatched 


HEA 

him  on  an  expedition  to  find  out  the  North- West  Passage. 
The  results  of  his  explorations  will  be  found  in  the  follow 
ing  work  pub.  after  his  decease : — Journey  from  the  Prince 
of  Wales's  Fort,  in  Hudson's  Bay,  to  the  Northern  Ocean ; 
undertaken  by  order  of  the  Hudson's  Bay  Company,  for 
the  Discovery  of  Copper-Mines,  a  North- West  Passage,  Ac., 
in  the  years  1769,  '70,  '71,  72,  Lon.,  1795,  4to,  pp.  458, 
with  plates. 

"  This  valuable  work  contains  the  account  of  the  first  European 
who  penetrated  to  the  ocean  north  of  America."— PINKERTON. 

"  It  is  impossible  to  read  it  without  feeling  a  deep  interest,  and 
without  reflecting  on  and  cherishing  the  inestimable  blessings  of 
civilized  society."— ion.  Month.  Rev. 

Hearne,  Thomas,  1678-1735,  an  eminent  antiquary, 
a  native  of  White-Waltham,  Berkshire,  educated  at  Ed 
mund  Hall,  Oxford,  Assistant  Librarian  of  the  Bodleian 
Library,  compiled  and  edited  forty-one  works,  which  he 
enriched  to  a  greater  or  less  extent  by  his  annotations. 
Among  the  best-known  of  his  publications,  which  were 
principally  pub.  by  subscription  at  Oxford,  are — 1.  Ductor 
Historicus ;  or,  a  Short  System  of  Universal  History,  1704, 
2  vols.  8vo;  2d  ed.  of  vol.  L,  1705,  8vo;  1714>  2  vols.  8vo; 
1724,  2  vols.  8vo.  Best  ed.  A  good  work  in  its  day,  but 
now  superseded.  2.  Reliquiae  Bodleianae,  1703,  8vo. 
3.  Livy,  1708,  6  vols.  8vo.  4.  Spelman's  Life  of  Alfred 
the  Great,  1709,  8vo.  5.  Leland's  Itinerary,  1710-12,  9 
vols.  8vo ;  2d  ed.,  1744-45,  9  vols.  8vo ;  3d  ed.,  1768-70, 
9  vols.  8vo.  6.  Leland's  Collectanea,  1715,  6  vols.  8vo. 
Editio  altera,  Ac.,  1770  vel  1774,  6  vols.  8vo.  7.  Acta 
Apostolorum,  1715,  8vo.  See  Home's  Introduc.  to  the 
Scriptures.  8.  Titi  Livii  Foro-Juliensis  Vita  Henrici 
Quinti,  Regis  Angliae,  1716,  8vo.  9.  Aluredi  Bevarlacensis 
Annales,  1716,  8vo.  10.  Gulielmi  Roperi  Vita  D.  Thomae 
Mori  Equitus  Aurati,  1716,  8vo.  11.  Gulielmi  Camdeni 
Annales  Rerum  Anglicarum  et  Hibernicarum  Regnante 
Elizabetha,  1717,  3  vols.  8vo.  12.  Gulielmi  Neubrigensis 
Historia,  1719,  3  vols.  8vo.  13.  Thomaa  Sprotti  Chronica, 
1719,  8vo.  14.  A  Collect,  of  Curious  Discourses  written 
by  Eminent  Antiquaries  upon  English  Antiq.,  1720,  8vo; 
1765,  2  vols.  8vo;  1773,  2  vols.  8vo.  This  edition  has  all 
the  Dissertations  contained  in  the  original  work,  with  the 
addition  of  a  complete  collection  of  the  discourses  delivered 
by  the  founders  of  the  Antiquarian  Society.  New  ed.,  1829, 
2  vols.  8vo.  This  collection  contains  discourses  on  the  An 
cient  Britons,  Etymology,  Duelling,  Money,  Epitaphs,  Ac. 
15.  Textus  Roffensis,  1720,  8vo.  16.  Robert!  de  Avesbury 
Historia  de  Mirabilibus  Gestis  Edwardi  III.,  1720,  8vo. 
17.  Johannis  de  Fordun  Scotichronicon  Genuinum,  1722, 
5  vols.  8vo.  18.  Hist,  and  Antiq.  of  Glastonbury,  1722, 
8vo.  19.  Hemingi  Chartularium  Ecclesiae  Wigormensis, 

1723,  2  vols.  8vo.    20.  Robert  of  Gloucester's  Chronicle, 

1724,  2  vols.  8vo;  1810,  2  vols.  8vo.    21.  Peter  Langtoft'a 
Chronicle,  1725,  2  vols.  8vo ;  1810,  2  vols.  8vo.     Mr.  Bag- 
ster  reprinted  the  two  last-named  works,  and  had  intended 
to  issue  a  uniform  ed.  of  Hearne's  publications ;  but  the 
project  lacked  encouragement.    22.  Liber  Niger  Scaccarii, 
1728,  2  vols.  8vo ;  1774,  2  vols.  8vo. 

"  The  Black  Book  of  the  Exchequer,  a  thing  of  great  note  and 
curiosity,  and  the  most  authentic  on  record  of  its  kind  that  we 
have  for  our  families,  next  to  Domesday  Book." — Hearne  to  Rich 
ardson. 

23.  Thomae  Caii  Vindiciae  Antiquitatis  Academiae  Oxon- 
iensis,  1730,  Ac.,  1730,  2  vols.  8vo.  24.  A  Vindic.  of  those 
who  took  the  Oath  of  Allegiance  to  King  William,  1731, 8vo. 

Hearne  afterwards  became  a  Nonjuror,  and  this  treatise 
was  published  by  the  opposite  party  in  his  lifetime.  The 
preface  contains  a  satirical  biography  of  him.  The  address 
to  the  reader  contains  some  interesting  memorials  of 
Hearne,  and  bibliographical  notices  of  his  works. 

In  1737,  r.  fol.,  Mr.  West  had  printed,  for  presents,  50 
copies  of  Ectypa  varia  ad  Historiam  Britannicam  illus- 
trandum,  aere  olim  insculpta  studio  et  cura  Thomae  Hearne. 
Bindley's  copy  of  this  work  was  sold  for  £11  11».  Many 
of  Hearne's  publications  come  under  our  notice  in  our 
accounts  of  their  respective  authors.  For  further  infor 
mation  concerning  this  eminent  antiquary,  see  Impartial 
Memorials  of  the  Life  and  Writings  of  Thomas  Hearne, 
M.A.,  by  several  Hands,  Lon.,  1736,  8vo;  Lives  of  Leland, 
Hearne,  and  Wood,  Oxf.,  1772,  2  vols.r.  8vo;  Biog.  Brit.; 
Dibdin's  bibliographical  publications ;  Letters  by  Eminent 
Persons;  Gough's Brit.  Topog. ;  Nichols's  Lit.  Anec. ;  Oldys'a 
Brit.  Lib.;  Chalmers's  Biog.  Diet.;  Gent.  Mag.,  Ivii.,  Iviii., 
Ixix.;  Lowndes's  Bibl.  Man.;  BLISS,  PHILIP,  D.D.,  D.C.L. 

In  some  comments  upon  the  investigations  into  ancient 
English  historical  treasures,  Gibbon  remarks  : 

"  The  last  who  has  dug  deep  into  the  mine  was  Thomas  Hearne, 
a  clerk  of  Oxford,  poor  in  fortune,  and,  indeed,  poor  in  understand 
ing.  His  minute  and  obscure  diligence,  his  voracious  and  undis- 
tinguishing  appetite,  and  the  coarse  vulgarity  of  his  taste  and 


HEA 


HEB 


style,  have  exposed  him  to  the  ridicule  of  idle  wits.  Yet  it  cannot 
be  denied  that  Thomas  Hearne  has  gathered  many  gleanings  of 
the  harvest;  and,  if  his  own  prefaces  are  filled  with  crude  and 
extraneous  matter,  his  editions  will  always  be  recommended  by 
their  accuracy  and  use." — An  Address,  etc.:  Miscell.Wurks,  ed.  1837, 
837. 

Among  the  "idle  wits"  who  made  Hearne  the  "butt  of 
their  clumsy  ridicule,"  the  most  famous  is  Pope,  who  ho 
nours  Thomas  with  a  place  in  the  Dunciad: 
"  But  who  is  he,  in  closet  close  ypent, 
Of  sober  face,  with  learned  dust  besprent? 
Right  well  mine  eyes  arede  the  myster  wight, 
On  parchment  scraps  y-fed  and  WORMIUS  hight." 
See  Dibdin's  Bibliomania,  ed.  1842,  326-336. 
Hearne,  Urban,  M.D.    Lake  Wetter;  Phil.  Trans., 
1705. 

Heart,  Major  Jonathan.  Observ.  on  the  Ancient 
Works  of  Art,  the  Native  Inhabitants,  Ac.  of  the  Western 
Country;  Trans.  Amer.  Soc.,  vol.  iii.  214. 

Heartwell,  Henry.  The  Prisoner;  a  Comic  Opera, 
from  the  French,  Lon.,  1799,  8vo.  See  Biog.  Dramat. 
Heasel,  Anthony.  Servants'  Book,  Lon.,  1773,  8vo. 
Heath,  Benjamin,  d.  1766,  Recorder  of  Exeter.  1. 
Divine  Existence,  Unity,  and  Attributes,  1740.  2.  Notse 
eive  Lectiones  ad  Tragicorum  Grsecorum  veterum  ^Eschyli, 
Ac.,  1752,  '62,  '64,  4to.  The  principal  object  of  this  es 
teemed  work  is  to  restore  the  metre  of  the  Greek  Tragic 
Poets.  3.  Excise-Duty  on  Cyder  and  Perry,  1763,  4to.  4. 
A  Revival  of  Shakespeare's  Text,  1765,  8vo.  5.  Heath 
and  Stoddart's  Shakespeare,  1807, 6  vols.  4to.  See  Nichols's 
Lit.  Anec. ;  Chalmers's  Biog.  Diet. 

Heath,  Charles.  1.  Descrip.  Accounts  of  Persfield 
and  Chepstow,  Monmouth,  1793,  8vo.  2.  Tintern  Abbey, 
1793,  1806,  8vo.  3.  Ragland  Castle,  1801,  '06,  8vo.  4. 
Hist,  of  Monmouth,  1804,  8vo.  5.  Excursion  down  the 
Wye,  1808,  8vo. 

Heath,  Charles,  d.  1848,  gained  great  reputation  by 
his  Books  of  Beauty  and  other  annuals,  the  Caricature 
Scrap-Book,  Shakspeare  Gallery,  Waverley  Gallery,  and 
many  series  of  splendid  engravings.  See  Southey's  Life 
and  Correspondence ;  Lon.  Athenaeum,  Nov.  25,  1848. 

Heath,  D.  J.,  Vicar  of  Brading,  Isle  of  Wight.     1. 
Scottish  and  Italian  Missions  to  the  Anglo-Saxons,  Lon., 
1845,  r.  8vo.     2.  The  Future  Human  Kingdom  of  Christ, 
1852-53,  2  vols.  8vo.     3.  Exodus  Papyri,  with  Chronolo 
gical  Introduction  by  Miss  F.  Corbaux,  1855,  8vo. 
Heath,  Douglass  D.     See  ELLIS,  R.  LESLIE. 
Heath,  Rev.  George.    Hist,  of  Bristol,  1797,  8vo. 
Heath,  J.     Trans,  of  P.  Du  Moulin's  troisiesme  livre 
de  l'Accomplissement  des  Prophe'ties,  Oxon.,  1613,  8vo. 

Heath,  James,  1629-1664,  a  native  of  London,  edu 
cated  at  Christ  Church,  Oxford.  1.  A  Brief  Chronicle  of 
the  late  Intestine  War  in  the  three  Kingdoms  of  England, 
Scotland,  and  Ireland,  Lon.,  1661,  8vo.  Afterwards  en 
larged  and  completed  from  1637  to  1663.  4  Pts.,  1633,  in 
a  thick  8vo  vol.  With  a  continuation  from  1633  to  1675, 
by  John  Phillips,  Milton's  nephew,  1675,  fol.  Another 
ed.,  continued  to  1691,  fol.  Heath's  Chronicle  is  princi 
pally  valued  for  its  portraits,  and  copies  have  been  sold 
at  very  high  prices.  See  Lowndes's  Bibl.  Man.,  898-899. 
The  work  gave  great  offence  to  the  High  Church  party  in 
England.  Wood  thus  expresses  his  indignation : 

"  Some  copies  have  in  them  the  pictures  of  the  most  eminent 
soldiers  in  the  said  war,  which  makes  the  book  valued  the  more 
by  some  novices.  [Unkind  cut  at  the  Grangerites!]  But  this 
Chronicle  being  mostly  compiled  from  lying  pamphlets  and  all  sorts 
of  news-books,  there  are  innumerable  errors  therein,  especially  as  to 
name  and  time,  things  chiefly  required  in  history."— Atiien.  Oxon. 
"James  Heath,  whose  wretchedly-printed,  but  by  no  means 
•wholly  useless,  performance,  seems  to  have  been  put  forth  rather 
as  a  vehicle  for  cuts  of  the  sorriest  possible  description." — Dibdin's 
Lib.Gxnp. 

2.  Elegy  upon  Dr.  Thomas  Fuller,  1661.  3.  Restoration 
of  Charles  II.,  1662,  8vo.  4.  Elegy  on  Dr.  Sanderson, 
Bishop  of  Lincoln,  1662.  5.  Flagellum;  or,  The  Life 
and  Death,  Birth  and  Burial,  of  Oliver  Cromwell,  the  late 
Usurper,  1663,  8vo;  3d  ed.,  1665,  8vo;  4th  ed.,  1669,  8vo. 
Also  in  1672,  8vo,  and  in  1679,  8vo.  6.  English  Martyrs 
and  Confessors,  1663,  12mo.  7.  Survey  of  the  United 
Netherlands,  Ac.,  12mo. 

"He  was  a  good  school-scholar,  had  a  command  of  his  Eng.  and 
Lat.  pen,  but  wanted  a  head  for  a  chronologer,  and  was  esteemed 
by  some  as  a  tolerable  poet."— Athen.  Oxon. 

See  also  Letters  by  Eminent  Persons,  1813,  3  vols.  8vo. 
8.  England's  Chronicle ;  or,  the  Reigns  of  the  Kings  and 
Queens  to  the  present  Reign  of  King  William  and  Queen 
Mary,  1691,  8vo. 

Heath,  John,  Fellow  of  New  Coll.,  Oxf.,  b.  1588,  at 
Stalls,  Somersetshire.  Two  Centuries  of  Epigrammes, 
Lon.,  1610,  12mo.  Sir  M.  M.  Sykes,  Pt.  1,  1426,  £2  9».  ; 
Bindley,  Pt.  2,  450,  £9  9#. 


Heath,  John.  Trans,  from  the  French  of  Bonde- 
loque's  System  of  Midwifery,  Lon.,  1790,  3  vols.  8vo. 

Heath,  Nicholas.  Speech,  when  Lord-Chancellor 
in  1555,  on  account  of  the  Supremacy,  1688,  8vo.  See 
Lord  Campbell's  Lives  of  the  Lord-Chancellors,  Ac. 

Heath,  Robert.  Clarestella;  together  with  Poems, 
occasional  Elegies,  Epigrams,  Satyrs,  Lon.,  1650,  12mo. 
Bindley,  Pt.  2,  449,  £3  3s. ;  Bibl.  Anglo-Poet.,  351,  £4. 

"Nothing  can  be  more  low  or  ludicrous  than  the  most  of  the 
occasions  which  Heath  thought  worthy  of  being  celebrated  in  song, 
provided  they  happened  to  his  mistress.  Clarastella  could  not  lose 
her  black  fan,  get  a  cold,  or  get  dust  in  her  eye,  but  Mr.  Heath  was 
straight  at  her  feet  with  a  copy  of  verses  in  his  hand." — Retro 
spective  Rev.,  1820,  ii.  227-238,  q.  v. 

Heath,  Sir  Robert.  Maxims  and  Rules  of  Pleading 
in  Actions,  Lon.,  1694,  Svo.  The  best  eds.  are  by  Timothy 
Cunningham,  1771,  '94,  4to. 

Heath,  Robert.  1.  Account  of  the  Islands  of  Scilly 
and  Cornwall,  Lon.,  1749,  Svo.  Reprinted  in  Pinkerton'a 
Voyages  and  Travels,  vol.  ii. 

"An  honest  detail  of  facts,  giving  a  fair  view  of  the  importance 
of  these  Islands  to  England." 

2.  Astronomia  Accurata,  1760,  4to. 

Heath,  Thomas.    Stenography,  Lon.,  1664,  Svo. 

Heath,  Thomas,  of  Exeter,  brother  of  Benjamin 
Heath,  (see  ante.)  An  Essay  towards  a  new  English  Version 
of  the  Book  of  Job,  from  the  Hebrew,  with  a  Comment., 
Ac.,  Lon.,  1756,  4to. 

"  This  is  one  of  the  numerous  productions  caused  or  occasioned 
by  the  Warburton  controversy.  ...  It  is,  on  the  whole,  a  respect 
able  performance,  though  the  hypothesis  respecting  its  [the  Book 
of  Job's]  age  and  author,  and  some  of  the  sentiments,  will  not  be 
generally  adopted." — Orme's  Bill.  Bib.,  q.  v. 

"It  is  but  justice  to  this  new  Essay  upon  Job,  to  observe  that 
the  translation  is  in  many  places  very  different  from  that  in  com 
mon  use ;  and  that,  in  the  notes,  there  are  many  observations  en 
tirely  new, — all  of  them  ingenious,  and  many  of  them  true." — Lon. 
Month.  Rev.,  0.  S.,  xiv.  156. 

Heath,  William,  1737-1814,  a  native  of  Roxbury, 
Mass.,  was  a  major-general  in  the  American  Revolutionary 
army.  Memoirs,  containing  Anecdotes,  Details  of  Skir 
mishes,  Battles,  and  other  Military  Events,  during  the  Ame 
rican  War,  Bost,,  1798,  Svo. 

Heathcoat,  Robert.    Poems,  1813,  12mo. 

Heathcot,  Thomas,  1.  Lunar  Eclipse,  Aug.  19, 
1681 ;  Phil.  Trans.,  1682.  2.  Tide  on  the  Coast  of  Guinea, 
Ac. ;  Phil.  Trans.,  1684. 

Heathcote.    Letter  to  the  Lord-Mayor,  1762,  Svo. 

Heathcote,  Charles.  Corporation  and  Test  Acts, 
1794. 

Heathcote,  Ralph,  D.D.,  1721-1795,  a  native  of 
Barrow-upon-Soar,  Leicestershire,  educated  at  Jesus  Coll., 
Camb.;  Vicar  of  Barkby,  Leicestershire,  1748;  Assistant 
Preacher  of  Lincoln's  Inn,  1753;  Vicar  of  Sileby,  1765; 
Rector  of  Sawtry-all-Saints,  1766;  Preb.  of  Southwell, 
1768.  1.  Historia  Astronomia,  Camb.,  1746,  '47,  Svo.  2. 
Cursory  Animadversions  upon  the  Middletonian  Contro 
versy  in  General,  1752.  3.  .Remarks  upon  Dr.  Chapman's 
Charge,  1752.  4.  Letter  to  Rev.  T.  Fothergill,  1753.  5. 
Sketch  of  Lord  Bolingbroke's  Philosophy,  1755,  Svo.  6. 
Reason  in  Religion,  1755,  Svo.  7.  Defence  of  ditto,  1756, 
Svo.  8.  Serm.,  1757,  Svo.  9.  Concio  Academica,  1759, 
4to.  10.  Discourse  on  the  Being  of  God,  against  Atheists : 
in  two  Serms.,  1763,  4to.  Two  eds.  These  two  are  all  of 
Heathcote's  24  Boyle  Serms.  (1763-64)  which  he  pub.  11. 
Lett,  to  Horace  Walpole,  1767,  12mo.  12.  Irenarch;  or, 
Justice  of  the  Peace's  Manual,  1771,  '74,  '81,  Svo.  13.  Elec 
tion  for  Leicester,  1775.  14.  In  conjunction  with  John 
Nichols,  A  New  Edition  of  the  Biographical  Dictionary, 
1784,  12  vols.  Svo.  He  contributed  some  articles  to  this 
work,  and  some  to  the  first  ed.  of  the  Biog.  Diet. 

Heathfield,  Richard,  pub.  two  tracts  on  the  Na 
tional  Debt  of  Great  Britain  and  Ireland,  Lon.,  1820,  both 
Svo ;  for  an  account  of  which  see  McCulloch's  Lit.  of  Polit. 
Econ.,  337 ;  Blackwood's  Mag.,  vi.  441. 

Heaton,  William.  The  Old  Soldier,  The  Wandering 
Lover,  and  other  Poems ;  together  with  a  Sketch  of  the 
Author's  Life,  Lon.,  1858.  See  Lon.  Athen.,  1858,  Pt,  2,  226. 

Hebbes,  Thomas.     Serms.,  Lon.,  1802,  8vo.  Posth. 

Hebdon,  Returne.  Guide  to  the  Godly,  1648, 12mo. 

Heber,  Reginald,  1728-1804,  a  native  of  Marton, 
Yorkshire,  Fellow  of  Brasenose  College,  Rector  of  Hodnet. 
1.  An  Elegy  written  among  the  lombs  in  Westminster 
Abbey,  1762.  Printed  in  Dodsley's  Poems.  2.  Verses  to 
King  George  III.  on  his  Accession.  Among  the  Oxford 
Poems,  1761. 

Heber,  Reginald,  D.D.,  April  21,  1783-April  3, 
1826,  son  of  the  preceding,  was  a  native  of  Malpas,  Che 
shire,  and  educated  at  Brasenose  College,  Oxford,  where 
he  distinguished  himself  by  his  Latin  Poem,  Carmen  Se- 


HEB 


HEB 


culare,  his  English  poem  of  Palestine,  and  a  prose  essay 
of  great  merit,  entitled  The  Sense  of  Honour.  After  leav 
ing  college,  he  travelled  for  some  time  in  Germany,  Russia, 
the  Crimea,  <fcc.,  and,  on  his  return,  was  in  1807  admitted 
to  holy  orders,  and  subsequently  received  the  family  living 
of  Hodnet.  In  1809  he  was  married  to  Amelia,  daughter 
of  Dr.  Shipley,  Dean  of  St.  Asaph.  In  1822  he  was  elected 
to  the  office  of  Preacher  to  Lincoln's  Inn,  and  in  the  next 
year  he  succeeded  Dr.  Middleton  in  the  Bishopric  of  Cal 
cutta.  In  this  vast  diocese  he  laboured  with  great  zeal 
and  success,  until  cut  off  by  an  apoplectic  fit  whilst  bath 
ing,  April  3,  1826,  in  his  43d  year.  He  was  a  man  of 
extensive  learning,  great  elegance  of  taste,  untiring  energy, 
and  profound  piety.  As  a  poet,  his  Palestine,  and  his 
translations  from  Pindar,  deservedly  place  him  in  a  high 
rank ;  his  Biblical  attainments  were  evinced  by  his  con 
templated  Bible  Dictionary,  many  articles  of  which  had 
been  long  prepared  at  the  time  of  his  death ;  his  powers 
of  description  are  admirably  manifested  in  his  Journal  of 
a  Tour  in  India ;  and  his  Life  of  Bishop  Taylor,  an  ex 
cellent  edition  of  his  works,  prove  his  qualifications  as  a 
biographer  and  an  editor.  1.  Palestine  ;  a  Poem :  to 
which  is  added  The  Passage  of  the  Red  Sea ;  a  Fragment, 
1809,  4to.  Frequently  reprinted.  Palestine  gained  an 
Oxford  Prize  in  1802,  when  the  author  was  but  nineteen 
years  of  age. 

"  Such  a  poem,  composed  at  such  an  age,  has  indeed  some,  but 
not  many,  parallels  in  our  language.  Its  copious  diction,  its  per 
fect  numbers,  its  images  so  well  chosen,  diversified  so  happily,  and 
treated  with  so  much  discretion  and  good  taste,  and,  above  all,  the 
ample  knowledge  of  Scripture,  and  of  writings  illustrative  of 
Scripture,  displayed  in  it, — all  these  things  might  have  seemed  to 
bespeak  the  work  of  a  man  '  who  had  been  long  chusing  and  be 
gun  late,'  rather  than  of  a  stripling  of  nineteen." — Lon.  Quar. 
Rev.,  xxxv.  451. 

"  It  is  the  fashion  to  undervalue  Oxford  and  Cambridge  Prize 
Poems ;  but  it  is  a  stupid  fashion.  Many  of  them  are  most  beau 
tiful.  Heber's  Palestine !  A  flight,  as  upon  Angel's  wing,  over  the 
Holy  Land !  How  fine  the  opening ! 

" '  Reft  of  thy  sons !  amid  thy  foes  forlorn, 

Mourn,  widow'd  Queen !  forgotten  Zion,  mourn.' " 

CHRISTOPHER  NORTH  :  Noctes  Ambros.,  No.  22. 
"  Fine  as  some  of  these  [Oxford]  prize  poems  have  unquestion 
ably  been,  more  especially  Porteus's  Death,  Glynn's  Day  of  Judg 
ment,  Grant's  Restoration  of  Learning,  and  Wrangham's  Holy 
Land,  still,  it  is  doubtful  whether  Heber  has  been  equalled  either 
by  any  preceding  or  succeeding  competitor.  It  is  admirably  sus 
tained  throughout ;  and  indeed  the  passages  relating  to  the  build 
ing  of  the  Temple,  and  to  the  scenes  on  Calvary,  pass  from  the 
magnificent  almost  into  the  sublime." — D.  M.  MOIE  :  Poet.  Lit. 
the  Past  Half-Oentury. 

On  the  other  hand,  Mr.  Southey  considers  Palestine  to 
have  elicited  more  laudation  than  it  can  justly  claim : 

"  As  a  poet  he  could  not  have  supported  the  reputation  which 
his  Palestine  obtained,  for  it  was  greatly  above  its  deserts,  and  the 
character  of  the  poem,  moreover,  was  not  hopeful ;  it  was  too  nicely 
fitted  to  the  taste  of  the  age.  Poetry  should  have  its  lights  and 
shades,  like  painting;  like  music,  its  sink  and  swell,  its  relief  and 
its  repose.  So  far  as  the  piece  was  intended  for  success  in  a  com 
petition  for  a  prize,  and  for  effect  in  public  recitation,  it  was  cer 
tainly  judiciously  done  to  make  every  line  tell  upon  the  ear.  But 
to  all  such  poetry  the  motto  under  one  of  Quarles's  Emblems  may 
be  applied : — '  Tinnit,  inane  est.' " — Letter  to  Henry  Taylor,  July  10, 
1830 :  Sauthetfs  Life  and  Oorresp. 

See  an  article  in  Amer.  Quar.  Rev.,  iv.  271. 

2.  Europe :  Lines  on  the  Present  War,  1809,  8vo.     Re 
printed,  with  Palestine,  The   Passage  of  the   Red   Sea, 
translations  from  Pindar,  and  some  miscellaneous  verses, 
in  1812,  sm.  8vo.     Of  Heber's  Poetical  Works  then}  have 
been  a  number  of  eds.,  and  several  within  the  last  few 
years ;  5th  ed.,  Lon.,  1855,  fp.  8vo. 

"  Although  more  vigorous  and  elaborate,  it  [Europe]  wants  th< 
freshness  and  the  salient  points  of  his  earlier  one  [Palestine] ;  and, 
although  not  derogatory  to,  did  not  enhance,  his  reputation."— 
D.  M.  Mont, :  ubi  supra. 

3.  The  Personality  and  Office  of  the  Christian  Comforter 
asserted  and  explained :  Serms.  at  the  Bampton  Lectures, 
1815,  8vo,  1816;  2d  ed.,  1818,  8vo.      Included  are  two 
Lectures  on  the  Inspiration  of  the  New  Testament. 

"  Very  learned,  but  not  so  experimental  and  devotional  as  might 
have  been  wished.  There  are  beautiful  views  of  the  subject,  com 
bined  with  some  speculative  and  fanciful  notions." — Sicker steUi's 
Chris.  Stu. 

"We  venture  to  assure  those  readers  who  form  their  anticipa 
tions  of  the  merit  of  this  production  from  the  established  character 
of  the  author  of  Palestine,  that  they  will  not  be  disappointed  in 
the  actual  perusal."— ion.  Quar.  Rev.,  xvii.  338-347. 

4.  Hymns  written  and  adapted  to  the  Weekly  Church 
Service  of  the  Year,  principally  by  Bishop  Heber,  1827. 
Fifty-eight  by  the  Bishop ;  several  by  the  Rev.  H.  H.  Mil- 
man  ;  the  others  by  Bishop  Ken,  Bishop  Taylor,  Watts, 
Pope,  Cowper,  Addison,  Tate,  Brady,  Sir  Walter  Scott, 
•fee. ;  llth  ed.,  1842,  18mo. 

"  These  Hymns  have  been  by  far  the  most  popular  of  his  pro 
ductions,  and  deservedly  so;  for  in  purity  and  elevation  of  senti 
ment,  in  simple  pathos,  and  in  eloquent  earnestness,  it  would  be 


difficult  to  find  any  thing  superior  to  them  in  the  range  of  lyric 
>oetry.  They  have  the  home  truth  of  Watts,  but  rank  much 
ligher,  as  literary  compositions,  than  the  Moral  and  Divine  Songs 
f  that  great  benefactor  of  youth;  and  all  the  devotion  of  Wesley 
jr  Keble,  without  their  languor  and  diffuse  verbosity.  Heber 
always  writes  like  a  Christian  scholar,  and  never  finds  it  necessary 
;o  lower  his  tone  on  account  of  his  subject." — D.  M.  MOIR  :  ubi 
•upra. 

"  The  hymns  thus  given  to  the  world  will  help  to  dissipate  that 
delusion  which  hangs,  like  a  cold  spell,  over  many  minds  of  much 
eeling  and  understanding, — that  not  much  is  to  be  expected  from 
a  poetical  vein  applied  to  religious  subjects."— Blackwootfs  Mag., 
xxii.  617-633. 

See  article  entitled  "Psalmody,"  in  Lon.  Quar.  Rev., 
xxxviii.  16-53. 

5.  Sermons  Preached  in  England,  1829,  8vo.  6.  Sermons 
Preached  in  India,  1829,  Svo.  7.  Parish  Sermons  :  on  the 
Lessons,  the  Gospel,  or  the  Epistle,  for  every  Sunday  in 
the  Year  and  for  Week-day  Festivals,  preached  in  the 
Parish  Church  of  Hodnet,  Salop,  1837,  3  vols.  Svo ;  5th 
ed.,  1844,  2  vols.  Svo. 

I  believe  that  these  Sermons  will  add  a  new  interest  and  lustre 
to  the  name  of  Reginald  Heber,  and  will  awaken  a  fresh  regret 
for  his  loss."— -Sir  Robert  Inglis's  Preface. 

He  was  a  man  of  great  reading,  and  in  his  Bampton  Lectures 
has  treated  a  most  important  part  of  the  Christian  faith  with  great 
learning  and  ability.  His  other  published  sermons  are  such  that 


~y  Taylor,, 

See  an  article  by  F.  W.  P.  Greenwood,  in  Chris.  Exam., 
vii.  212;  and  one  in  Southern  Rev.,  iv.  241. 

8.  A  Journey  through  India,  from  Calcutta  to  Bombay, 
with  Notes  upon  Ceylon,  and  a  Journey  to  Madras  and  the 
Southern  Provinces,  1828,  2  vols.  4to;  1828,  3  vols.  Svo; 
1844,  2  vols.  12mo.  Sold  for  Mrs.  Heber  by  Sir  Robert 
Inglis  for  £5000. 

"  This  is  another  book  for  Englishmen  to  be  proud  of.  ...  He 
surveys  every  thing  with  the  vigilance  and  delight  of  a  cultivated 
and  most  active  intellect, — with  the  eye  of  an  artist,  an  antiquary, 
and  a  naturalist, — the  feelings  and  judgment  of  an  English  gentle 
man  and  scholar, — the  sympathies  of  a  most  humane  and  gene 
rous  man,— and  the  piety,  charity,  and  humility  of  a  Christian. 
Independently  of  its  moral  attraction,  we  are  induced  to  think  it, 
on  the  whole,  the  most  instructive  and  important  publication  that 
has  ever  been  given  to  the  world  on  the  actual  state  and  condition 
of  our  Indian  Empire." — LORD  JEFFREY  :  Edin.  Rev.,  xlviii.  312-335. 

"It  forms  a  monument  of  talent,  sufficient,  single  and  alone,  to 
establish  its  author  in  a  very  high  rank  of  English  literature.  It 
is  one  of  the  most  delightful  books  in  the  language;  and  will,  we 
cannot  doubt,  command  popularity  as  extensive  and  lasting  as 
any  book  of  travels  that  has  been  printed  in  our  time.  Certainly 
no  work  of  its  class  that  has  appeared  since  Dr.  Clarke's  can  be 
compared  to  it  for  variety  of  interesting  matter,  still  less  for  ele 
gance  of  execution.  ...  He  possessed  the  eye  of  a  painter  and  the 
pen  of  a  poet ;  a  mind  richly  stored  with  the  literature  of  Europe, 
both  ancient  and  modern." — Lon.  Quar.  Rev.,  xxxvii.  100-147. 

"  One  of  the  most  perfectly  charming  books  of  travel  we  ever 
read ;  gentle,  tolerant,  humane,  and  full  of  wisdom ;  a  religious 
book  in  the  best  sense  of  the  word,  because  full  of  charity.  It  is 
lively  without  effort,  and  abounds  in  valuable  judgments  of  men 
and  things,  without  one  harsh,  sarcastic  or  illiberal  word.  We 
envy  those  who  have  it  now  in  their  power  to  read  for  the  first 
time  Bishop  Heber's  Indian  Journal." — Lon.  Examiner. 

"Delightful  contributions,  full  of  benevolent  feeling,  simple, 
beautiful  delineations,  and  varied  and  gratifying  details  of  official 
labours." — Lon.  Evangelical  Mag. 

"  Has  all  the  charm  of  romance  with  the  sterling  value  of  truth. 
It  is  eminently  the  most  Christian — because  the  most  charitable 
and  tolerant— work  of  the  kind  ever  written.  Residents  in  India 
have  repeatedly  borne  testimony  to  the  fidelity  of  its  notices  of 
men  and  things." — Oxford  Herald. 

"  Bishop  Heber's  charming  Indian  Journal." — Camb.  Chronicle. 

See  Blackwood's  Mag.,  xxii.  789;  xxxiii.  785;  British 

Critic,  iv.  200.     The  reader  should  add  to  Heber's  Indian 

Journal,  Letters  from  Madras  in  1836,  or  First  Impressions 

of  Life  and  Manners  in  India,  by  a  Lady,  Lon.,  1846,  cr.  Svo. 

9.  The  Whole  Works  of  Bishop  Jeremy  Taylor,  with  a 
Life  of  the  Author,  and  a  Critical  Examination  of  his 
Writings,  1822,  15  vols.  Svo;  1828,  15  vols.  Svo;  1839,  15 
vols.  Svo.     Revised  by  Charles  Page  Eden,  1847-54,  10 
vols.  Svo.     Heber's  Life  of  Bishop  Taylor  has  been  sepa 
rately  pub.,  1824,  2  vols.  Svo ;  1828,  Svo. 

"  A  charming  and  instructive  piece  of  biography.  .  .  .  Written 
with  all  the  glow  of  poetical  feeling,  and  all  the  elegance  of  refined 
scholarship."— DR.  DIBDIN  :  Lib.  Comp.  See  Lon.  Quar.  Rev.,  xxxv. 
455. 

10.  Bishop  Heber's  Life,  by  his  Widow ;  with  his  Corre 
spondence  with  Eminent  Literary  Characters,  Miscella 
neous  Papers  and  Poems,  and  an  Account  of  his  Travels 
in  Russia,  Norway,  <fec.,  1830, 2  vols.  4to.     With  this  work 
must  be  perused  The   Last  Days  of  Bishop  Heber,  by 
Thomas  Robinson,  A.M.,  Archdeacon  of  Madras,  and  late 
Domestic-  Chaplain  to  his  Lordship,  1830,  8vo.     The  two 
works  are  reviewed  in  the  Lon.  Quar.  Rev.,  xliii.  366-411  ; 
Edin.  Rev.,  lii.  431-471 ;  Lon.  Month.  Rev.,  cxxii.  517- 
529.     See  also  British  Critic,  viii.  438 ;  Eraser's  Mag.,  ii. 
121 ;  article  by  R.  Robins  in  the  Chris.  Quar.  Spec.,  iii.  227 ; 


HEB 


EEC 


Lon.  Gent.  Mag.,  Nov.  1826 ;  Essays  on  the  Lives  of  Cow-  | 
per,  Newton,  and  Heber;  or,  an  Examination  of  the  Course  j 
of  Nature  being  interrupted  by  the  Divine  Government,  j 
1830,  8vo;  Jamieson's  Cyc.  of  Religious  Biography; 
Lives  of  Heber,  by  Bonner,  by  Taylor,  and  an  abridgment 
of  Mrs.  Heber's  Memoir  by  a  clergyman,  Bost.,  1856,  8vo. 
A  specimen  —  perhaps  the  earliest  extant  —  of  Heber's 
poetical  powers,  entitled  The  Whippiad,  a  Satirical  Poem, 
will  be  found  in  Blackwood's  Mag.,  July,  1843.  Many 
extracts  from  Heber's  MS.  Journal  while  travelling  in  the 
Northern  countries  of  Europe  were  incorporated  by  Dr. 
E.  D.  Clarke  into  his  travels  in  Germany,  Russia,  &c.  Nor 
should  we  omit  to  mention  that  Heber  was  one  of  the  con 
tributors  to  the  London  Quarterly  Review.  Heber  de 
signed  writing  a  work  on  Scythia;  but  clerical  duties 
prevented  the  completion  of  this  project. 

The  character  of  this  estimable  man  has  been  drawn  in 
such  eloquent  language  by  a  late  eminent  critic,  that  we 
cannot  do  better  than  quote  his  glowing  tribute, — equally 
honourable  to  himself  and  to  the  subject  of  his  eulogy : 

"  Learned,  polished,  and  dignified,  he  was  undoubtedly ;  yet  fer 
more  conspicuously  kind,  humble,  tolerant,  and  laborious; — zeal 
ous  for  his  church  too,  and  not  forgetful  of  his  station ;  but  re 
membering  it  more  for  the  duties  than  for  the  honours  that  were 
attached  to  it,  and  infinitely  more  zealous  for  the  religious  im 
provement,  and  for  the  happiness  and  spiritual  and  worldly  good 
of  his  fellow-creatures  of  every  tongue,  feith  and  complexion ; — in 
dulgent  to  all 'errors  and  infirmities; — liberal,  in  the  best  and 
truest  sense  of  the  word; — humble,  and  conscientiously  diffident 
of  his  own  excellent  judgment  and  never-failing  charity  ; — looking 
on  all  men  as  the  children  of  one  God,  on  all  Christians  as  the 
redeemed  of  one  Saviour,  and  on  all  Christian  teachers  as  fellow- 
labourers,  bound  to  help  and  encourage  each  other  in  their  arduous 
and  anxious  task." — LORD  JEFFREY  :  Edin.  Rev.,  xlviii.  314. 

Heber,  Richard,  M.P.,  1773-1833,  half-brother  to 
the  preceding,  who  was  by  his  father's  second  wife,  was 
also  educated  at  Brasenose  College,  Oxford,  where  he  was 
distinguished  for  his  classical  attainments.  No  other  evi 
dence  of  this  assertion  is  needed  than  his  edition  of  Silius 
Italicus,  (1792,  2  vols.  12mo,)  pub.  when  he  was  a  youth 
of  nineteen,  and  his  Claudiani  Carmina,  printed  (but  not 
pub.)  in  1793,  2  vols.  12mo.  The  latter  was  not  entirely 
completed  by  Heber;  but  the  last  five  leaves  of  the  second 
vol.,  with  the  title  and  address,  were  supplied  by  the  late 
Rev.  Henry  Drury,  and  recently  the  work  has  been  put 
in  the  market.  Mr.  Heber's  original  design  was  to  issue 
edits,  of  such  of  the  Latin  poets  as  were  not  printed  in 
Barbour's  collection.  The  abatement  of  his  classical  zeal 
— so  far  at  least  as  regards  this  congenial  project — is  not 
a  little  surprising.  Mr.  Heber  also  pub.  an  edit,  of  Brews- 
ter's  trans,  of  Persius,  with  the  Latin  text,  and  superin 
tended  the  publication  of  the  3d  edit,  of  Ellis's  specimens 
of  the  English  Poets.  From  1821  to  1826  he  represented 
the  University  of  Oxford  in  Parliament. 

Here  perhaps  we  might  pass  on  to  the  next  article  with 
out  censure,  so  far  as  the  general  reader  is  concerned;  but 
what  BIBLIOMANIAC  would  forgive  us  did  we  omit  to  pay 
a  passing  tribute  to  Richard  Heber  as  the  most  voracious 
HELLUO  LIBRORUM  in  the  annals  of  bibliography  ?  The 
passion  of  book-collecting  first  developed  itself  in  Richard 
Heber  when  he  was  but  a  child,  and  it  "grew  with  his 
growth  and  strengthened  with  his  strength."  As  library 
after  library  was  dispersed  under  the  hammer,  Heber  added 
their  choicest  treasures  to  his  own  enormous  collection, 
until  he  could  call  himself  master  of  many  of  the  coveted 
tomes  which  had  once  graced  the  shelves  of  Dr.  Farmer, 
Isaac  Reed,  J.  Brand,  George  Steevens,  the  Duke  of  Rox- 
burghe,  James  Bindley,  Benj.  Heath,  J.  Perry,  G.  Wake- 
field,  J.  Kemble,  E.  Malone,  R.  Wilbraham,  J.  Dent,  Dr. 
Gosset,  Sir  M.  M.  Sykes,  and  many  others. 

"  On  hearing  of  a  curious  book,  he  has  been  known  to  put  him 
self  into  the  mail-coach,  and  travel  three,  four,  or  five  hundred 
miles  to  obtain  it,  fearful  to  entrust  his  commission  to  a  letter." 

Thus  did  the  indefatigable  Heber  add  book  to  book,  and 
manuscript  to  manuscript,  until,  one  day,  Death— that  re 
morseless  disperser  of  libraries — summoned  the  owner  of 
this  vast  collection  of  literary  wealth;  and  Richard  Heber 
fell  "in  the  harness,"  still  striving  after  "rare  copies"  and 

early  editions."  The  inventory  of  his  treasures  is  thus 
briefly  told : 

"Some  years  ago  he  built  a  new  library  at  his  house  at  Hodnet, 
which  is  said  to  be  full.  His  residence  in  Pimlico,  where  he  died, 
is  filled,  like  Maghabecchi's  at  Florence,  with  books  from  the  top  to 
the  bottom  :-every  chair,  every  table,  every  passage  containing 
piles  of  erudition  He  had  another  house  in  York-street,  leading 
to  Great  James-street,  Westminster,  laden  from  the  ground-floor 
to  the  garret  with  curious  books.  He  had  a  library  in  the  Hteh- 
Btreet,  Oxford,  an  immense  library  at  Paris,  another  at  Antwerp 
another  at  Brussels,  another  at  Ghent,  and  at  other  places  in  the 
Low  Countries  and  in  Germany.  In  short,  there  is  neither  end 
nor  measure  to  his  literary  stores."—  Obituary  notice  in  Gent.  Mag,, 

816 


The  cost  of  this  immense  stock  of  books  and  manuscripts 
may  be  estimated  at  about ,£180,000,— more  than  $800,000; 
and  this  without  any  estimate  for  the  loss  of  interest  on 
the  investment.  After  Heber's  death,  the  books  in  Eng 
land  were  confided  to  the  care  of  Messrs.  Payne  and  Foss, 
and  sold  at  auction  by  Sotheby  and  Son,  Mr.  Evans,  and 
Mr.  Wheatley.  The  net  proceeds  of  the  sale  were  about 
£55,000.  If  we  suppose  that  the  3632  vols.  brought  from 
Holland  and  subsequently  sold  by  Wheatley  in  London, 
the  books  in  Paris,  and  elsewhere  on  the  Continent,  and 
the  MSS.,  coins,  and  drawings  sold  in  London,  produced  a 
net  result  of  £10,000  additional,  we  have  aggregate  re 
ceipts  of  £65,000  against  £180,000  expenditure,  or  a  loss 
of  about  half  a  million  of  dollars,  exclusive  of  interest ! 

Here  indeed  we  have  the  development  of  the  Biblioma 
nia  in  its  most  furious  type.  What  an  amount  of  ignorance 
might  have  been  enlightened,  vice  reformed,  sorrow  com 
forted,  and  misery  gladdened,  by  the  judicious  application 
of  this  vast  sum !  The  collecting  of  books  to  a  certain 
extent  is  laudable,  and  to  be  encouraged ;  but  such  enor 
mous  private  accumulations  tend  rather  to  lock  up  know 
ledge  than  to  diffuse  it. 

Dr.  Dibdin  estimates  Heber's  collections  in  England  to 
have  contained  about  105,000  vols. ;  but,  not  satisfied  with 
a  loose  estimate,  we — some  years  before  we  fell  into  this 
habit  of  writing  Dictionaries — made  a  careful  computation, 
and  find  the  result  to  be  as  follows : 

Books  in  collections  in  England,  vols.  about 113,195 

Brought  from  Holland 3,632 

Boulard's  Library,  purchased  by  Heber  in  Paris 30,000 

146,827 

To  this  number  is  to  be  added  a  large  quantity  of 
pamphlets,  bound  and  unbound.  The  number  of  the 
days  consumed  by  the  London  sale  was  no  less  than  216. 
How  many  more  books  Mr.  Heber  possessed  in  various 
parts  of  Europe,  at  the  time  of  his  death,  we  have  no 
means  of  knowing;  but  the  volumes  already  enumerated 
exceed  by  about  fifty  per  cent,  the  contents  of  the  largest 
library  in  America. 

Much  more  we  might  discourse  of  Richard  Heber, — the 
famous  Atticus  of  Dibdin's  Bibliomania, —  the  beloved 
friend  of  Scott,  who  has  immortalized  him  in  the  Intro 
duction  to  Marmion, —  the  generous  lender  of  scarce 
volumes  to  needy  scholars  and  black-letter  editors ;  but 
respecting  these  matters  we  must  refer  the  reader  to  Dib 
din's  Decameron,  Bibliomania,  Library  Companion,  <fcc.; 
Gentleman's  Magazine,  January,  1834;  Southey's  Life 
and  Correspondence;  Lockhart's  Life  of  Scott;  and  see 
DIBDIN,  THOMAS  FROGNALL,  D.D. ;  FERRIAR,  JOHN,  M.D. 

Heberden,  Thomas,  M.D.,  Physician  at  Madeira. 
Con.  on  nat.  philos.,  astronomy,  &c.  to  Phil.  Trans.,  1751, 
'65,  '67,  '70 ;  on  the  Elephantinis,  to  Med.  Trans.,  1768. 

Heberden,  William,  M.D.,  1710-1801,  an  eminent 
English  physician,  a  native  of  London,  educated  at  St. 
John's  Coll.,  Camb.,  practised  first  at  Edinburgh,  and  sub 
sequently,  from  1746-1801,  in  London.  In  addition  to  his 
Essay  on  Mithridatium  and  Theriaca,  (Lon.,  1745,  8vo,)  and 
profess,  papers  in  Phil.  Trans.,  Med.  Transac.,  and  Med. 
Obs.  and  Inq.,  (1750-85,)  he  left  in  MS.  the  following  im 
portant  work,  pub.  by  his  son  :  Commentarii  de  Morborum 
Historia  et  Curatione,  Lon.,  1802,  8vo.  Also  pub.  in  Eng 
lish,  at  the  same  time,  Cura  Soemraerring,  Frank.,  1804,  8vo. 
A  new  ed.  has  recently  been  pub.  in  Phila.  This  valuable 
work  contains  102  articles  in  alphabetical  order,  the  results 
of  observations  made  at  the  bedsides  of  his  patients.  He 
was  a  man  of  profound  piety,  and  greatly  esteemed  by  all 
classes  of  men. 

"Dr.  Heberden  was  one  of  the  best  classical  scholars  of  his  time, 
and  one  of  the  most  perfectly-instructed  medical  men  England 
has  ever  possessed." — DR.  MCCONNECHY. 

Heberden,  William,  Jr.,  M.D.,  son  of  the  preced 
ing.  1.  The  Plague,  Ac.,  Lon.,  1801,  8vo.  An  Examina 
tion  of  this  work  was  pub.  by  Wm.  Falconer,  M.D.,  Bath, 
1802,  8vo.  2.  Morborum  Puerilium  Epitome,  Lon.,  1804, 
8vo.  In  English,  by  J.  Smith,  M.D.,  1806,  12mo.  In 
English,  by  the  author,  1807,  8vo.  3.  Oratio  Harveiana, 
1809,  4to.  4.  Con.  to  Med.  Trans.,  1813,  '15. 

Heck,  Caspar  John.  Complete  System  of  Harmony, 
Lon.,  4to. 

Heckwelder,  Rev.  John,  1743-1810,  a  Moravian 
missionary,  a  native  of  Bedford,  England,  laboured  for 
many  years  with  great  zeal  among  the  Delaware  Indians. 
He  was  persuaded  by  Dr.  Wistar  to  give  the  results  of  his 
observations  to  the  world.  The  following  appeared  in 
Trans,  of  the  Hist,  and  Literary  Committee  of  the  Amer. 
Phil.  Soc.,  Phila.,  vol.  i.  : 

1.  An  Account  of  the  History,  Manners,  and  Custom* 


HEC 


HEL 


of  the  Indian  Nations  who  once  inhabited  Pennsylvania 
and  the  neighbouring  States,  pp.  350.  This  was  trans, 
into  English  by  P.  S.  Duponceau,  and  pub.  at  Paris,  1822, 
8vo,  pp.  571.  2.  Correspondence  betwen  Mr.  Heckwelder 
and  Mr.  Duponceau  on  the  Languages  of  the  American 
Indians,  pp.  100.  3.  Words,  Phrases,  and  Short  Dialogues 
in  the  Language  of  the  Lenni  Lenape,  pp.  16.  Mr.  Heck- 
welder  also  pub.  (4.)  A  Narrative  of  the  Mission  of  the 
United  Brethren  among  the  Delaware  and  Mohegan  In 
dians,  from  1740  to  1808,  interspersed  with  Anecdotes, 
Historical  Facts,  Speeches  of  Indians,  Ac.,  1820,  4to; 
some  papers  in  Barton's  Medical  Journal;  and  several  on 
natural  history,  in  Trans.  Amer.  Soc.,  vols.  iv.,  vi.,  and 
xii.  His  account  of  the  Indians  excited  considerable  at 
tention,  and  was  favourably  received  by  Nathan  Hale,  in 
the  North  American  Review,  ix.  155-178,  and  by  J.  Pick 
ering,  in  the  same  periodical,  ix.  179-187  ;  it  was  unfavour 
ably  noticed,  with  the  admission  of  some  merits,  by  General 
Lewis  Cass,  in  the  same  journal,  xxii.  64;  xxvi.  357-403. 
It  was  also  attacked  by  John  Penington,  an  intelligent 
antiquary  of  Philadelphia,  in  a  Review  of  Yates  and 
Moulton's  History  of  New  York,  pub.  in  the  United  States 
Review,  January,  1834.  There  also  appeared  upon  this 
subject  A  Vindication  of  the  Rev.  Mr.  Heckwelder's  His 
tory  of  the  Indian  Nations,  by  Wm.  Rawle ;  read  at  a 
Meeting  of  the  Council  of  the  Historical  Society  of  Penn 
sylvania,  Feb.  15,  1826.  Pub.  in  the  Memoirs  Of  the  So 
ciety,  vol.  i.  Pt.  2.  This  paper  is  noticed  by  General  Cass 
in  his  article  in  N.  Amer.  Rev.,  xxvi.  357-403.  As  a  spe 
cimen  of  the  decided  difference  of  opinion  respecting 
Heckwelder's  History  entertained  by  two  of  the  eminent 
authorities  above  cited,  two  brief  extracts  will  suffice : 

"  The  work  abounds  in  facts  and  anecdotes,  calculated  not 
merely  to  entertain  the  reader,  but  to  lay  open,  in  the  most  au 
thentic  and  satisfactory  manner,  the  character  and  condition  of 
this  people.  There  is  no  other  work  extant,  in  which  this  design 
has  been  so  extensively  adopted,  or  in  which  the  object  is  so  fully 
accomplished.  There  is  no  work  upon  the  North  American  In 
dians  which  can  bear  any  comparison  with  it  for  the  means  of 
correct  information  possessed  by  the  author,  or  for  the  copiousness 
of  its  details." — NATHAN  HALE  :  N.  Amer.  Rev.,  ix.  178. 

But  audi  alteram  partem  : 

"  His  account  is  a  pure  unmixed  panegyric.  The  most  idle 
traditions  of  the  Indians  with  him  become  sober  history ;  their 
superstition  is  religion ;  their  indolence,  philosophical  indifference 
or  pious  resignation  ;  their  astonishing  improvidence,  hospitality ; 
and  many  other  defects  in  their  character  are  converted  into  the 
corresponding  virtues.  And  Mr.  Rawle  is  not  the  only  respectable 
writer  who  has  been  deceived  by  these  partial  representations. 
No  one  can  look  upon  the  passing  literature  of  the  day  without 
being  sensible  of  the  effect  upon  the  public  mind  which  has  been 
produced  by  this  worthy  old  missionary." — GENERAL  LEWIS  CASS  : 
N.  Amer.  Rev.,  xxvi.  366-367. 

See  also  Amer.  Jour,  of  Science,  xxxi.  60  ;  and  the  Life 
of  Heckwelder,  by  E.  Rondthaler,  Phila.,  1847,  12mo. 

Heckford,  Wm.  1.  Characters,  or,  Historical  Anec 
dotes  of  all  the  Kings  and  Queens  of  England,  Lon., 
1789,  12mo.  2.  Religions  and  Sects  in  the  World,  1792. 

Hedge,  Frederick  Henry,  D.D.,  b.  in  Cambridge, 
Mass.,  Dec.  5,  1805,  is  a  son  of  the  late  Professor  Levi 
Hedge,  of  Harvard  University.  From  1818  to  1823  he 
resided  in  Germany,  engaged  in  his  studies,  graduated  at 
Cambridge  in  1825,  and  was  ordained  in  1829.  In  1835  he 
assumed  the  pastoral  charge  of  a  church  in  Bangor,  Maine. 
In  1850  he  became  pastor  of  the  Westminster  Church  in 
Providence,  Rhode  Island,  from  whence  in  1856  he  remored 
to  Brookline,  near  Boston.  In  1858  he  was  made  Professor 
of  Ecclesiast.  History  in  the  Theological  School  connected 
with  Harvard  University.  At  the  same  time  he  assumed 
the  editorship  of  the  Christian  Examiner,  one  of  the  oldest 
of  American  periodicals.  Dr.  Hedge  is  distinguished  for  hia 
intimate  knowledge  of  the  various  schools  of  philosophy, 
and  has  written  many  essays  upon  this  attractive  theme. 
He  has  pub.  numerous  articles  in  the  Christian  Examiner, 
Ac.,  poetical  and  prose  contributions  to  annuals,  sermons, 
and  discourses,  and  the  following  valuable  work :  Prose 
Writers  of  Germany,  illustrated  with  Eight  Portraits, 
Phila.,  1848,  r.  8vo,  pp.  567.  In  this  book  Dr.  Hedge  gives 
us  extracts  from  twenty-eight  authors,  from  Martin  Luther 
to  Chamisso.  The  selections  from  each  author  are  pre 
ceded  by  a  sketch  of  his  life,  character,  and  writings. 
The  value  of  this  compilation  may  be  judged  of  from  the 
following  commendation  of  an  eminent  authority: 

"  There  is  no  book  accessible  to  the  English  or  American  reader 
which  can  furnish  so  comprehensive  and  symmetrical  a  view  of 
German  literature  to  the  uninitiated;  and  those  already  conver 
sant  with  some  of  the  German  classics  will  find  here  valuable  and 
edifying  extracts  from  works  to  which  very  few  in  this  country 
can  gain  access." — A.  P.  PEABODY  :  N.  Amer.  Rev.,  Ixvii.  464-485. 

See  also  a  review  of  the  work,  by  Rev.  W.  H.  Furness, 
in  Chris.  Exam.,  and  one  by  D.  R.  Jac  ues,  in  Hunt's 
52 


Mer.  Mag.,  xix.  41.  A  review  of  one  of  Dr.  Hedge's  Dis 
courses,  by  George  S.  Hillard,  will  be  found  in  Chris. 
Exam.,  xvii.  169. 

Dr.  Hedge  has  also  given  to  the  world  A  Christian 
Liturgy  for  the  Use  of  the  Church,  Bost.,  1856,  12mo. 

Hedge,  Levi,  1767-1843,  a  native  of  Warwick,  Mass., 
father  of  the  preceding,  was  from  1810  to  1827  Professor 
of  Logic  and  Metaphysics  in  Harvard  University.  A 
System  of  Logic,  1818,  18mo.  This  work  has  passed 
through  several  eds.,  and  been  trans,  into  German. 

Hedgecock,  Thomas.     Longitude,  1815,  fol. 

Hedgeland,  Mrs.  Isabella,  formerly  Mrs.  Kelly, 
pub.  several  novels  and  poems,  1795-1813 ;  a  Child's  French 
Grammar,  1805 ;  and  Literary  Information ;  consisting  of 
Anecdotes,  Explanations,  and  Derivations,  1811,  12mo. 

Hedges,  Sir  Charles,  LL.D.,  d.  1714.  Admiralty 
Jurisdiction,  Ac.,  1692,  4to.  Anon. 

Hedges,  Rev.  John.  A  Descrip.  of  the  Storm, 
Aug.  1763,  Lon.,  1763,  4to. 

Hedges,  Phineas.  .Strictures  on  the  Elements 
Medicinae  of  Brown,  Goshen,  1795,  12mo. 

Hedlamb,  J.     Expos,  on  the  Romans,  1579,  8vo. 

Hedley,  Wm.    Arithmetic,  Ac.,  1779,  8vo. 

Hedly,  Thomas.  The  Banishment  of  Cupid.  Trans, 
out  of  Italian  into  English,  Lon.,  1587,  8vo.  Also  sine 
anno. 

Heely,  Joseph.  1.  Letters  on  the  Beauties  of  Hag- 
ley,  Envil,  and  the  Leasowes,  Ac.,  Lon.,  1777,  2  vols. 
12mo.  2.  Descrip.  of  Hagley  Park,  1777,  8vo. 

Hegge,  Robert,  1599-1629,  educated  at  Christ 
Church  College,  Oxford.  1.  The  Legend  of  St.  Cuthbert, 
with  the  Antiq.  of  the  Church  of  Durham ;  pub.  by  B.  R., 
Esq.,  Lon.,  1663,  8vo.  This  is  not  printed  correctly  from 
the  MS.  2.  In  Aliquot  Sacra  Paginse  Lectiones,  1647, 
8vo.  Pub.  by  John  Hall,  author  of  Horae  Vacivse,  Ac. 
Hegge  left  some  serms.,  verses,  Ac.  in  MS. 

"  A  prodigy  of  his  time  for  forward  and  good  natural  parts." — 
Athen.  Oxon.,  q.v. 

Heighway,  Osborn  W.  Trenery.  1.  Leila  Ada, 
the  Jewish  Convert;  an  Authentic  Memoir,  2d  ed.,  Lon., 
1852,  fp.  8vo.  2.  Select  Extracts  from  the  Diary,  Cor 
respondence,  Ac.  of  Leila  Ada,  1854.  3.  Adeline;  or,  the 
Mysterious  Romance  and  Realities  of  Jewish  Life,  1854. 
See  Lon.  Athenaeum,  1854,  652,  653.  4.  The  Relatives 
of  Leila  Ada,  1856.  Resp.  this  author  see  Athen.,  1857. 

Heiland,  Samuel.  Aristotelis  Ethica,  Lat.,  Lon., 
1581,  8vo;  Lips.,  1594,  8vo. 

Heine,  Wm.  Graphic  Scenes  in  the  Japan  Expedition, 
by  W.  Heine,  artist  of  the  Expedition,  N.  York,  1S56.  Illus 
trated. 

Hele,  Arthur,  Master  of  the  Free  School  in  Basing- 
stoke,  Preb.  of  Wells,  d.  1778.  The  IV.  Gospels  Har 
monized,  Reading,  1759,  8vo. 

Hele,  Richard,  master  of  the  school  belonging  to 
the  Church  of  Sarum.  Select  Offices  of  Private  Devotion, 
Lon.,  1717,  8vo.  New  and  improved  ed.,  1831,  8vo. 

Hele,  D'Hele,  or  Hales,  Thomas,  1740-1780  ?  a 
native  of  Gloucestershire,  a  soldier  in  the  English  army, 
after  the  peace  of  1763  resided  in  France,  and  composed 
in  the  language  of  the  country  with  great  fluency  and  ele 
gance.  He  wrote  pieces  for  the  Italian  Comedy,  chiefly 
in  French,  among  which  are :  1.  Le  Jugement  de  Midas; 
comedie,  1778.  This  refers  to  the  contest  between  the 
admirers  of  French  and  of  Italian  music.  It  was  much 
applauded.  2.  L'Amant  Jaloux,  1778.  3.  Les  Evene- 
inents  imprevus,  1779. 

"  Ses  trois  premieres  pieces,  imprimees  separement,  font  partie 
du  TlittUre  de  V  Optra  Cbmique,  1811-12,  8  vol.  in  12.  On  trouve 
dans  la  Correspondance  de  Grimm,  (t.  iv.  2e  partie,)  un  conte  de 
d'Hele,  Le  Roman  de  mon  oncle." — Biog.  Univer.,  q.  v. 

Hellier,  Henry,  D.D.  Sermon  on  Oaths,  Oxon., 
1688,  4to. 

He II ins,  Rev.  John,  Curate  of  Constantino,  Corn 
wall,  and  Vicar  of  Potters-Bury,  Northamptonshire. 
1.  Mathematical  Essays,  Lon.,  1788,  4to.  2.  Analytical 
Institutions,  trans,  by  C.  Colson,  Camb.,  1802,  2  vols.  4to. 
3.  Mathemat.  and  astronom.  papers  in  Phil.  Trans.,  1780- 
1802. 

Hellowes  or  Hellows,  Edward,  Groom  of  the 
Leash.  1.  Trans,  of  Guevara's  Familiar  Epistles,  Xon., 
1574,  '77,  '84,  4to.  See  FENTON,  SIR  GEOFFREY.  2.  Trans, 
of  Guevara's  Chronicle;  conteyning  the  Lives  of  tenne 
Emperours  of  Rome,  Ac.,  1577. 

Helme,  Mrs.  Elizabeth,  pub.  a  number  of  novels, 
historical,  educational,  and  other  works,  and  trans,  several 
histories  into  English,  Lon.,  1787-1816.  See  Watt's  Bibl. 
Brit. 

Helme,  J.     Methodist  Preaching,  Lon.,  1762,  8vo. 


HEL 


HEM 


„   ,           w          TT      _  qfnvplv  •  a  Nov    Lon.,  1794,  '  Dublin.     After  his  death  was  pub.  A  Course  of  Lectg.  in 
Helme,  Wm.    Henry  Stukely,  a  .  Natural  Philosophy)  edited  by  Bryan  Robinson,  M.D., 

vols.  12mo.  Manual  of  Plain  '  T-"«     1T39. '4.3.  8vo.     Freauentlv  reprinted. 


Helmore,  Rev.  Thomas.  1.  A  Manual  «"»" 
Song,  Lon.,  1850,  12mo.  2.  The  Psalter  Noted  1850  fp. 
Svof  adapted  to  the  P.  Epis.  Church  of  the  U.  S.  by  Rev. 
E.  M.  Pecke,  N.  York,  1856,  18mo.  3.  Carols  for  Easter- 
tide,  Lon.,  1855,  12mo. 

Helmsworth,  Richard.     See  HEMSWORTH. 

Helmuth,  Just.  H.,  D.D.,  pastor  of  the  Lutheran 
Church,  Phila.  1.  Taufe  und  Heilige  Schrift,  Germantown, 
1793,  8vo.  2.  Unterhaltungen  mit  Gott,  8vo,  pp.  180  6. 
Geistliche  Lieder,  12mo.  4.  Numerous  works  for  children. 


Lon.,  1739,  '43,  Svo.     Frequently  reprinted. 

"  Contains  many  useful  observations,  especially  with  regard  to 
vision,  &c." — DR.  WATT  :  Bibl.  Brit. 

Helwys,  Thomas.  1.  God's  Decree,  1611,  Svo. 
2.  New  Fryelers,  1611,  Svo.  3.  Congregations  in  the 
Low  Countries,  1611,  8vo.  4.  Mystery  of  Iniquity,  1612, 
Svo. 

Hely,  Rev.  James.  Ogygia;  or,  a  Chronological 
Account  of  Irish  Events;  from  the  Latin  of  Roderio 
O'Flagherty,  Dubl.,  1793,  2  vols.  Svo. 

Hemans,  Mrs.  Felicia  Dorothea,  1794-1835,  a 


Helmuth,  William  T.     Surgery,  and  its  Adaptation  •  native  Of  Liverpool,  where  her  father  was  a  merchant,  may 


to  Homoeopathic  Practice,  Phila.,  1855,  pp.  652. 

Helper,  Hinton  RoAvan,  of  North  Carolina.  The 
Impending  Crisis  of  the  South,  N.Y.,  1857,  12mo.  This 
work  was  favourably  reviewed  in  the  N.  Y.  Tribune,  in  an 
article  of  over  seven  columns  in  length 


almost  be  said  to  have  "  lisped  in  numbers,"  and  printed 
a  volume  of  poems — "  Early  Blossoms" — before  she  was 
fifteen  years  of  age.  Doubtless  the  wild  scenery  of 
Grwych,  in  North  Wales,  where  the  youthful  poetess  re 
sided  from  her  ninth  to  her  sixteenth  year,  had  a  stimu- 


Helps,  Rev.  Arthur,  of  the  University  of  Oxford,    lating  effect  upon  that  love  of  nature  which  was  one  of 

•  — '  '  '  the  strongest  characteristics  of  her  mind.  A  year  alter 
the  publication  of  this  book,  unfortunately  for  her  future 
happiness,  she  met  with  Captain  Hemans,  of  the  Fourth 
Regiment,  to  whom,  after  an  attachment  of  three  years,  • 


one  pf  the  most  popular  writers  of  the  day.  1.  Thoughts 
in  the  Cloister  and  the  Crowd,  Lon.,  1835,  12mo.  See 
Dubl.  Univ.  Mag.,  xxiii.  20.  2.  Essays  written  in  the  In 
tervals  of  Business,  1841,  8vo  j  7th  ed.,  1853,  12mo. 


"These  essays  seem  to  be  written  for  no  definite  purpose;  they     during  which  the  captain  was  on  duty  in  the  Peninsula, 


she  was  married  in  1812.  Soldiers  are  proverbially  sus 
ceptible  to  the  charms  of  feminine  beauty ;  and,  when  we 
read  her  sister's  graphic  description  of  the  young  poetess 


have  the  air  of  themes  very  carefully  composed  out  of  pure  love, 

and  for  the  practice,  of  composition.  .  .  .  Mr.  Helps  has  written 

and  thought  in  so  much  more  effective  manner  since  their  publica- 

Son,  She  would  probably  now  agree  with  us  that  many  of  reau  ner  sisier  s  gruyiiic  u«a«:i-iFttuu  ux   ""  J-« "6  f" 

them  should  have  been  treated  as  college  exercises,— themes  that  as  she  appeared  when  she  first  attracted  the  gaze  of 

we  turn  into  Johnsonian  English,  or  Ciceronian  Latin,  and  there  warlike  admirer,  we  are  not  surprised  that  he  became  at 

leave."— Blackwood's  Mag.,  Oct.  1851.  j  once  a  wooer  : 

3.  King  Henry  II. ;  an  Historical  Drama,  1843,  sm.  Svo;  j      "The  mantling  bloom  of  her  cheeks  was  shaded  by  a  profusion 

2d  ed.,  1845,  fp.  Svo.     4.  Catherine  Douglass;  a  Tragedy,  I  of  natural  ringlets,  of  a  rich  golden  brown;  and  the  ever-varying 

1 84.3  8  expression  of  her  brilliant  eyes  gave  a  changeful  play  to  her  coun- 

"TheTxtract;  which  we  have  given  from  this  poem  afford  evi- !  \^^^  ^^Jf^^^lS  S^1^^  ^  d° 
dence  of  very  high  talents,  not  alone,  or  even  chiefly,  tor  dramatic    Justlce  to  lL  —M**mr  of  Mis.  Neman*,,  by  her  sister 
poetry.    We  remember  no  FIRST  poem  of  equal  powers.    On  our 
author  himself  altogether  depends  his  ultimate  success.    No  one 
effort,  however  brilliant,  could  secure  this.    Like  success  in  most 
other  pursuits,  it  requires  many  sacrifices, — nay,  the  devotion  of  a 
life."— Dubl.  Univ.  Mag.,  xxiii.  19-36. 

5.  The  Claims  of  Labour,  1844. 

"  This  is  a  thoughtful,  well-considered,  and  thoroughly  earnest 


.—  .  ,  . 

Alas,  that  one  so  lovely,  so  loving,  and  so  formed  to  be  be 
loved,  should  have  had  occasion,  for  seventeen  years  —  from 
the  sixth  year  of  her  marriage  until  her  death,  in  1835,  she 
never  saw  her  husband's  face  —  bitterly  to  "  bewail  that  wor 
ship"  which  had  been  the  brightest  dream  of  her  young  and 
confiding  heart  !  In  1818  Capt.  Hemans  removed  to  Italy, 


book.  It  probably  will  do  much  good,  for  we  know  no  writer  who 
so  fastens  on  the  thoughts  of  his  readers  a  painful  and  oppressive 
sense  of  the  responsibility  under  which  —  whether  we  act  or  for 
bear  from  acting  —  we  find  ourselves  placed  with  respect  to  those  in 
any  relation  of  dependence  of  us."  —  Dubl.  Univ.  Mag.,  xxv.  45-57. 
See  also  Westminster  Rev.,  vol.  xliii.  ;  Eclec.  Mag.,  v. 
491  ;  Blackw.  Mag.,  Oct.  1851. 

6.  Friends  in  Council  ;  a  Series  of  Readings  and  Dis 
courses  thereon,  1847,  cr.  Svo;  6th  ed.,  1854,  2  vols.  fp.Svo. 
"  Has  more  of  original  matter  than  either  of  its  predecessors  ; 
and  the  device  adopted  of  interposing  fictitious  conversation  with 
the  essays  gives  relief  and  variety  to  the  composition."  —  Black- 
wood's  Mag.,  Oct.  1851. 

"  A  more  pleasant  book  we  have  seldom  read.  .  .  .  Taken  all  in 
all,  he  is  a  subtle  thinker  and  an  accomplished  writer;  but,  be 
yond  his  intellectual  qualities,  he  gives  you  no  glimpse  of  him- 
self."—  Brit.  Quar.  Pec.,  vi.  134-155. 

See  Bentley's  Miscell.  ;  Eraser's  Mag.,  xl.  636  ;  and  a 
highly  commendatory  notice  in  Ruskin's  Stones  of  Venice. 
7.  Companions  of  my  Solitude,  1851,  12ino;  4th  ed., 
1854,  fp. 

"It  is  altogether  a  thoughtful  book,  full  of  wisdom  as  well  as 
of  gentleness  and  beauty.  There  is  scarcely  a  page  in  the  volume 
from  which  we  might  not  extract  some  truth,  no  matter  how  old 
it  may  be,  made  fresh  by  the  manner  in  which  it  is  presented. 
The  play  of  fancy  and  of  humour,  too.  that  mingles  everywhere 
with  the  deep  philosophy  and  the  moral  fervour,  is  often  exqui 
site."—  Eclec.  Rev.,  4th  Ser.,  xxx.  284.  Same  article  in  Living  Age, 
xxxi.  174. 

"In  our  opinion  the  far  most  interesting  of  all  Mr.  Helps's 
essays.  .  .  .  We  must  now  bid  adieu  to  Mr.  Helps,  again  express 
ing  our  hope  that  he  will  give  us  more  of  these  thoughts,  which 
•we  promise  him  shall  be  the  '  Companions  of  our  Solitude'  as  well 
as  of  his  own."—  Blackwood's  Mag.,  Oct.  1851. 

8.  Conquerors  of  the  New  World  and  their  Bondsmen, 
2  vols.  p.  Svo:  i.,  1848;  ii.,  1852.  See  Lon.  Athenaeum, 
Nos.  1088,  1289.  9.  History  of  the  Spanish  Conquest  of 
America,  1855,  vols.  i.  and  ii.  Svo.  See  Lon.  Athenaeum, 
No.  1447,  vol.  iii.,  1857.  As  an  essayist,  Mr.  Helps  occu 
pies  a  high  rank;  and  the  cordial  eulogium  of  Mr.  Ruskin 
will  be  heartily  endorsed  by  many  readers  both  at  home 
and  abroad  : 

"A  true  thinker,  who  has  practical  purpose  in  his  thinking,  and 
is  sincere,  as  Plato,  or  Carlyle,  or  Helps,  becomes  in  some  sort  a 


There  are  things  which  I  hope  are  said  more  clearly  and  simply 
than  before,  owing  to  the  influence  upon  me  of  the  beautiful  quiet 
English  of  Helps."—  Modern  Painters,  vol.  iii.,  App. 

Helsham,  Henry.     Con.  to  Med.  Com.,  1788. 

Helsham,  Richard,  d.  1738,  a  friend  of  Swift,  was 
Professor  of  Physic  and  Nat.  Philos.  in  the  Univ.  of 


avowedly  for  the  benefit  of  his  health,  leaving  to  his  wife 
the  responsibility  connected  with  the  education  of  their 
five  sons,  and  —  as  we  have  seen  —  never  returning  to  Eng 
land  to  demand  an  account  of  her  stewardship.  Mrs. 
Hemans  took  up  her  residence  with  her  mother  and  sister, 
Miss  Mary  Anne  Browne,  afterwards  Mrs.  Gray,  and  de 
voted  such  time  as  she  could  spare  to  the  cultivation  of  her 
poetical  talents.  In  1828  she  met  with  a  severe  affliction 
in  the  loss  of  her  mother,  and  in  consequence  of  this  event 
removed  to  Wavertree,  near  Liverpool.  In  the  next  year 
she  visited  Scotland,  where  she  met  with  a  cordial  greeting 
from  Sir  Walter  Scott,  Jeffrey,  and  the  other  literary  stars 
of  Edinburgh  and  its  vicinity.  In  1830  she  paid  a  visit 
to  the  lakes  of  Westmoreland  and  the  poet  Wordsworth; 
and,  on  leaving  this  attractive  spot,  she  determined  to  settle 
at  Dublin,  where  her  brother,  Major  Browne,  resided.  In 
this  city  she  remained,  the  object  of  devoted  affection  in 
the  social  circle,  until  her  death  in  1835,  after  a  painful 
and  protracted  indisposition. 

Works  :  —  1.  Early  Blossoms  of  Spring  :  Poems  written 
between  the  age  of  8  and  15  years,  1808.  2.  England  and 
Spain  ;  or,  Valour  and  Patriotism;  a  Poem,  1808.  3.  The  Do 
mestic  Affections,  1812.  4.  Restoration  of  the  Works  of  Art 
to  Italy,  1817.  5.  Modern  Greece,  1817.  6.  Meeting  of 
Wallace  and  Bruce,  1819.  7.  Tales  and  Historic  Scenes. 
8.  Vespers  of  Palermo,  1823.  9.  The  Sceptic,  1820.  10. 
Dartmoor,  1821.  11.  Welsh  Melodies,  1822.  12.  Siege 
of  Valencia,  and  the  Last  Constantino,  1823.  13.  The 
Forest  Sanctuary,  1826.  14.  Records  of  Woman,  1828. 
15.  Songs  of  the  Affections,  1830.  16.  National  Lyrics, 
1834.  17.  Hymns  for  Childhood,  1834.  18.  Scenes  and 
Hymns  of  Life,  1834.  19.  Poetical  Remains,  with  Me 
moir,  1836. 

Collective  ed.  of  her  Works,  with  a  Memoir  of  her  Life 
by  her  Sister,  1839,  7  vols.  12mo.  Again,  1850,  6  vols. 
12mo.  Works,  chronologically  arranged,  1848,  1  vol.  r. 
Svo.  In  America  Mrs.  Hemans's  poems  are  very  popular, 
and  many  eds.  of  her  works  have  been  issued,  with  Me 
moirs  and  critical  notices,  by  Mrs.  Sigourney,  Mr.  Thatcher, 
Andrews  Norton,  H.  T.  Tuckerman,  <fec.  For  particulars 
respecting  the  life  and  works  of  this  truly  lovely  woman 
and  gifted  writer,  the  reader  must  refer  to  the  Memoir  by 
her  sister  ;  Memorials  of  Mrs.  Hemans,  by  H.  F.  Chorley, 
1836,  2  vols.  sin.  Svo;  Mrs.  Elwood's  Literary  Ladies  of 
England;  Hewitt's  Homes  of  the  Poets;  Miss  Jewsbury'fl 
Three  Histories,  where  Mrs.  Hemans  is  delineated  in  the 
portrait  of  Egeria.  Much  excellent  criticism  on  her  writ- 


HEM 

ings  will  be  found  in  several  of  the  sources  indicated  below, 
from  some  of  which  we  proceed  to  give  brief  citations : 

"  We  think  the  poetry  of  Mrs.  Hemans  a  fine  exemplification 
of  Female  Poetry ;  and  we  think  it  has  much  of  the  perfection 
which  we  have  ventured  to  ascribe  to  the  happier  productions  of 


iu  ^-j  Jot  be  the  best  imaginable  poetry,  and  may  not  indi 
cate  the  very  highest  or  most  commanding  genius ;  but  it  embraces 
a  great  deal  of  that  which  gives  the  very  best  poetry  its  chief 
power  of  pleasing;  and  would  strike  us,  perhaps,  as  more  impas 
sioned  and  exalted,  if  it  were  not  regulated  and  harmonized  by  the 
most  beautiful  taste.  It  is  infinitely  sweet,  elegant,  and  tender,— 
touching,  perhaps,  and  contemplative,  rather  than  vehement  and 
overpowering;  and  not  only  finished  throughout  with  an  exquisite 
delicacy  and  even  serenity  of  execution,  but  informed  with  a  purity 
and  loftiness  of  feeling,  and  a  certain  sober  and  humble  tone  of 
indulgence  and  piety,  which  must  satisfy  those  who  are  most  afraid 
of  the  passionate  exaggerations  of  poetry.  The  diction  is  always 
beautiful,  harmonious,  and  free ;  and  the  themes,  though  ot  infi 
nite  variety,  uniformly  treated  with  a  grace,  originality,  and  judg 
ment,  which  mark  the  master-hand.  ...  We  do  not  hesitate  to 
gay  that  she  is,  beyond  all  comparison,  the  most  touching  and 
accomplished  writer  of  occasional  verses  that  our  literature  has 
yet  to  boast  of."— LORD  JEFFREY  :  Edin.  Rev.,  I.  32-47. 

"  The  genius  of  woman  at  this  period  produced  a  rival  to  Cole 
ridge,  if  not  in  depth  of  thought,  at  least  in  tenderness  of  feeling 
and  beauty  of  expression.  Mrs.  Hemans  was  imbued  with  the 
very  soul  of  lyric  poetry;  she  only  required  to  have  written  a  little 
less  to  have  been  one  of  the  greatest  in  that  branch  that  England 
ever  produced.  .  .  .  Melancholy  had  marked  her  for  its  own;  she 
was  deeply  impressed  with  the  woes  of  life ;  and  it  is  in  the  working 
up  mournful  reflections  and  images  with  the  utmost  tenderness 
and  pathos  that  her  great  excellence  consists.  There  she  is,  per 
haps,  unrivalled  in  the  English  language."— SIR  ARCHIBALD  ALISON  : 
Hist,  of  Europe,  1815-52,  chap.  v. 

"  As  a  woman,  I  felt  proud  of  the  homage  he  [Lord  Byron]  paid 
to  the  genius  of  Mrs.  Hemans,  and  as  a  passionate  admirer  of  her 
poetry,  I  felt  flattered  at  finding  that  Lord  Byron  fully  sympathized 
with  my  admiration." — Countess  ofBlessington's  Conversations  with 
Lord  Byron. 

"  Mrs.  Sigourney,  as  her  letters  will  show,  was  well  aware  of  Lady 
Blessingtou's  admiration  for  the  writings  of  Mrs.  Hemans.  That 
lady  was  never  spoken  of  by  her  except  in  terms  of  the  highest 
praise;  and  her  admiration  of  the  poetry  of  Mrs.  Hemans  was  no 
less  enthusiastic  than  just  and  discriminating.  In  one  of  her  works 
she  says, '  The  exquisite  poems  of  Mrs.  Ilemans  affect  one  like  sacred 
music ;  they  never  fail  to  excite  solemn  feelings  of  an  elevated 
and  spiritual  character,  and  sentiments  of  a  pensive  caste,  of  calm 
resignation  and  serenity.'" — Madden's  Life  and  Corresp.  of  the 
Countess  of  Blessington,  vol.  ii. 

There  can  be  no  more  proper  occasion  than  the  present 
for  the  introduction  of  Mrs.  Sigourney's  beautiful  tribute 
to  Mrs.  Hemans : 

"  Every  unborn  age 

Shall  mix  thee  with  its  household  charities: 
The  hoary  sire  shall  bow  his  deafened  ear, 
And  greet  thy  sweet  words  with  his  benison; 
The  mother  shrine  thee  as  a  vestal  Same 
In  the  lone  temple  of  her  sanctity; 
And  the  young  child  who  takes  thee  by  the  hand 
Shall  travel  with  a  surer  step  to  heaven." 
The  heart-felt  offering  of  our  friend,  the  Shepherd,  mus 
not  be  forgotten  in  our  register  of  tributes : 

" '  It's  no'  in  that  woman's  power,  sir,  to  write  ill ;  for,  when  a 
feeling  heart  and  a  fine  genius  forgather  in  the  bosom  p'  a  young 
matron,  every  line  o'  poetry  is  like  a  sad  or  cheerful  smile  frae  her 
een,and  every  poem,  whatever  be  the  subject,  in'ae  sense  a  picture 
o'  hersell — sae  that  a'  she  writes  has  an  affectin'  and  an  endearin 
mainnerism  and  moralism  about  it,  that  inspires  the  thochtfu 
reader  to  say  in  to  himsell — That's  Mrs.  Hemans.' 

"North. — 'From  very  infancy  Felicia  Dorothea  was  beloved  by 
the  Muses.  I  remember  patting  her  fair  head  when  she  was  a 
child  of  nine  years  and  versified  even  then  with  a  touching 
sweetness  about  sylphs  and  fairies.' " — Nodes  Ambrosianai,  Nov 
1828. 

"Felicia  Hemans  is  the  authoress  of  many  a  plaintive  am 
mournful  strain.  She  has  shown  high  sentiment  and  heroic  fee! 
ings  occasionally,  but  her  affections  are  with  the  gentle,  the  meek 
and  the  wounded  in  spirit.  .  . .  Her  genius  is  of  the  domestic  kind 
and  her  best  songs  are  rightly  named  of  the  Affections." — ALLA: 
CUNNINGHAM  :  Biog.  and  Crit.  Hist,  of  the  Lit.  of  the  Last  Fift 
Years. 

"  By  far  the  most  popular  of  our  poetesses,  alike  at  home  an 
beyond  the  Atlantic ;  nor  do  I  say  undeservedly. ...  In  her  poetry 
religious  truth,  moral  purity,  and  intellectual  beauty  ever  mee 
together ;  and  assuredly  it  is  not  less  calculated  to  refine  the  tasl 
and  exalt  the  imagination  because  it  addresses  itself  almost  ex 
clusi  vely  to  the  better  feelings  of  our  nature.  Over  all  her  picture 
of  humanity  are  spread  the  glory  and  the  grace  reflected  from  vi 
tuous  purity,  delicacy  of  perception  and  conception,  sublimity  o 
religious  faith,  home-bred  delights,  and  the  generous,  expansiv 
ardour  of  patriotism  ;  while,  turning  from  the  dark  and  degraded 
whether  in  subject  or  sentiment,  she  seeks  out  those  verdant  case 
in  the  desert  of  human  life  on  which  the  affections  may  mos 
pleasantly  rest.  Her  poetry  is  intensely  and  entirely  feminine 
and,  in  my  estimation,  this  is  the  highest  praise  which,  in  on 
point  of  view,  could  be  awarded  it.  It  could  have  been  writte 
by  a  woman  only.  .  .  .  Mrs.  Hemans,  above  all  female  writers,  wa 
distinguished  for  her  rich  tones,  the  voice  at  once  sweet  and  ful 
that  carried  them  to  the  heart,  awakening  the  feelings  as  well  a 
the  imagination."— D.  M.  MOIR  :  Poet.  Lit.  of  the  Past  Half-Cmtur^ 
"From  the  hour  of  Mrs.  Hemansrs  acquaintance  with  the  Ge 
man  literature,  you  perceive  that  she  had  discovered  her  ow 
forte,  and  a  new  life  of  tenderness  and  feeling  was  manifest  in  a 


HEM 

e  wrote.  She  became  an  almost  constant  writer  in  Blackwood's 
d  Colburn's  Magazines.  Schiller,  Goethe,  Kbrner,  and  Tieck — 
w  sensibly  is  the  influence  of  their  spirit  felt  in  The  Forest 
.nctuary !  how  different  was  the  tone  of  this  to  all  which  had 
ne  before!  The  cold,  classical  model  was  abandoned ;  the  heart 
nd  the  fancy  spoke  out  in  every  line,  warm,  free,  solemn,  and 
nderly  thoughtful." — Howitt's  Homes  and  Haunts  of  the  Most 
minent  British  Poets. 

"  Many  fragments  of  poems  and  plans  of  works  never  completed 
main  to  attest  the  eagerness  with  which  her  mind  was  busying 
self  in  the  reproduction  of  the  thoughts  and  images  of  beauty 
hich  she  could  not  refrain  from  storing  up."— HENRY  F.  CHOHLBY  : 
he  Authors  of  England. 

"  Had  her  writings  been  merely  harmless,  we  should  not  nave 
.tered  into  an  analysis  of  them;  but  the  moral  charm  which  is 
pread  over  them  is  so  peculiar,  so  full  of  nature  and  truth  and 
eep  feeling,  that  her  productions  claim  at  once  the  praise  of  ex- 
nisite  purity  and  poetic  excellence.  She  adds  the  dignrty  cf  her 
ox  to  a  high  sense  of  the  duties  of  a  poet ;  she  writes  w!tt  buoy- 
ncy,  yet  with  earnestness;  her  poems  bear  the  impress  of  a  cha- 
acter  worthy  of  admiration.  In  the  pursuit  of  literary  renown 
he  never  forgets  what  is  due  to  feminine  reserve.  We  perceive  a 
lind  endowed  with  powers  to  aspire,  and  are  still  further  pleased 

0  find  no  unsatisfied  cravings,  no  passionate  pursuit  of  remote 
bjects,  but  high  endowments,  graced  by  contentment."— GEORGB 
ANCROFT,  the  historian  :  N.  Amer.  Rev.,  xxiv.  443-463. 

"  Her  inspiration  always  pauses  at  the  feminine  point.  It  never 
oversteps  the  modesty  of  nature'  nor  the  dignity  and  decorum 
F  womanhood.  She  is  no  sibyl  tossed  to  and  fro  in  the  tempest 
f  furious  excitement,  but  ever  the  calm  mistress  of  the  highest 
nd  stormiest  of  her  emotions.  The  finest  compliment  we  can 
ay  her,  perhaps  the  finest  compliment  that  it  is  possible  to  pay  a 
.voman  as  a  moral  being,  is  to  compare  her  to  '  one  of  Shakspere's 
women,'  and  to  say,  had  Imogen  or  Isabella  or  Cornelia  become 
n  author,  she  had  so  written."—  Gilfillan's  Second  Gallery  of  Lite- 
ary  Portraits. 

"She  seldom  reached  the  sublime;  but  her  thought  was  often 
jrofound,  and  her  nice  analysis  of  the  best  affections,  her  delicate 
erception  of  the  minute  circumstances  that  awaken  and  guide 
he  sensibilities,  the  readiness  with  which  she  seized  upon  the 
loble,  the  picturesque,  the  graceful,  and  the  tender,  designate  her 
bove  every  English  writer  but  ONE  as  the  '  poet  of  the  heart.' " — 
GEORGE  W.  BETHUNE,  D.D. :  British  Female  Poets. 

Mrs.  Grant  of  Laggan  seems  to  have  experienced  the 

1  embarras  de  richesses"  in  perusing  the  poetry  of  this 
jopular  author,  for  she  tells  a  correspondent — 

"  I  am  quite  of  your  opinion  as  to  the  too  uniform  splendour 
f  Felicia  Hemans.     She  keeps  us  hovering  constantly  on  the 
wing,  like  birds  of  paradise,  for  want  of  a  perch  to  repose  upon." — 
Mrs.  Grant's  Memoirs  and  Oorresp.,  ed.  1844,  vol.  il.  148. 

Yet  Mrs.  Grant,  when  writing  to  Mrs.  Hemans  herself, 
remarks,  when  referring  to  Shenstone's  lonely  existence : 
"  How  very  different  is  your  case !     Praised  by  all  that  read 
,ou— loved  by  all  that  praise  you— and  known  in  some  degree 
wherever  our  language  is  spoken." 

But  here  we  must  conclude  our  quotations,  not  from 
ack  of  matter,  hut  want  of  space.  The  reader,  however, 
who  desires  to  pursue  the  subject  will  find  abundant 
materials  for  the  purpose  in  the  following  articles :  1. 
Lon.  Quar.  Rev.,  xxiv.  130.  2.  Lon.  Month.  Rev.,  cii. 
177.  3.  Lon.  Month.  Rev.,  cii.  425.  4.  Blackwood's 
Mag.,  i.  517.  5.  Blackwood's  Mag.,  Ixiv.  641.  6.  Edin. 
Month.  Rev.,  iii.  373.  7.  Dublin  Univ.  Mag.,  x.  123. 
8.  Eraser's  Mag.,  xxi.  127.  9.  N.  Amer.  Rev.,  xliv. 
265.  10.  By  L.  J.  Park,  Chris.  Exam.,  iii.  403.  11.  Chris. 
Exam.,  vi.  35.  12.  By  Andrews  Norton,  xix.  328.  13. 
By  Andrews  Norton,  Chris.  Exam.,  xxvii.  370.  14.  Amer. 
Quar.  Rev.,  i.  153.  15.  Amer.  Quar.  Rev.,  xxi.  257.  16. 
Chris.  Rev.,  ii.  356.  17.  Chris.  Rev.,  v.  23.  18.  South. 
Lit.  Mess.,  ii.  811.  19.  South.  Lit.  Mess.,  ii.  722.  20. 
South.  Lit.  Mess.,  vii.  380.  21.  N.  York  Rev.,  i.  199. 
22.  U.  S.  Lit.  Gaz.,  v.  401.  23.  Eclec.  Mag.,  xi.  420. 

Hemery  and  Dumaresq.  Mode  of  Proceeding  and 
Trial  in  Royal  Ct.  of  Jersey,  Jersey,  1789,  4to. 

Heming,  an  English  monk,  flourished   1095.     Vita 
Ulstani,  in  Wharton's  Anglia  Sacra,  i.  467. 
Heming,  Edward.  The  New  Lights,  Lon.,  1689, 4to. 
Heming,  or  Hemming,  S,     1.  Themes  of  Admira 
tion;   a   Poem,   1812,  sm.  8vo.     2.  Colonization  of  the 
Earth,  and  the  Origin  of  Nations,  Oxon.,  1817,  8vo., 

Heming,  Thomas.  Scripture  Geography,  with 
Maps,  Lon.,  1818,  r.  4to.  See  Lowndes's  Brit,  Lib.,  347. 
Hemings,  William,  a  son  of  John  Heniings  the 
actor.  1.  Fatal  Contract  j  a  Trag.,  Lon.,  1653,  J61,  4to. 
2.  The  Jew's  Tragedy,  1662,  4to.  "3.  The  Eunuch  ;  a  Trag., 
1687,  4to.  This  is  No.  2,  with  a  new  title.  His  first  piece 
— The  Hare ;  or,  The  Mad-Cap — was  never  printed.  See 
Biog.  Dramat. 

Hemingus,  or  Hemmingus,  Monachus  Wi- 
gorniensis.  Chartularium  Ecclesiae  Wigorniensis : 
edente  Tho.  Hearne,  Oxon.,  1723,  2  vols.  8vo. 

Hemmenway,  Moses,  D.D.,  d.  1811,  aged  about  75, 
a  minister  of  Wells,  Maine,  pub.  several  semis.,  &c.,  1767- 
95. 

Hemming,  John,  M.D.  Mineral  Waters  of  Glou 
cester,  Lon.,  1789,  8vo. 

819 


HEM 


HEN 


Hemmingford,  Walter  de,  Canon  of  Gisborough 
Abbey,  Yorkshire,  wrote  a  History  of  England  from  1066 
to  1308.  Gale  first  pub.  it  in  his  Veteres  Scriptores,  ii. 
153,  1687,  and  Hearne  edited  it  under  the  title  of  Historia 
de  Rebus  gestis  Edvardi  L,  Edvardi  II.,  and  Edvardi  III., 
Oxon.,  1731,  2  vols.  8vo;  150  copies  printed  at  £1  Is.  each: 
now  rare  and  valuable.  See  GALE,  uli  supra;  Bishop 
Nicolson's  Eng.  Hist.  Lib.;  Brit.  Bibliographer,  ii.  72.  . 
"  This  work  is  written  with  great  care  and  exactness,  and  in  a 
style  good  enough  considering  the  time." 

Hempel,  Charles  J  ulius,  M.D.,  a  native  of  Prussia, 
studied  for  five  years  in  Paris,  emigrated  to  the  U.  States 
in  1835,  and  graduated  at  the  University  of  N.  York,  and 
practised  medicine  in  that  city  for  several  years ;  appointed 
to  the  chair  of  Materia  Medica  and  Therapeutics  in  Homoeo 
pathic  Medical  College  of  Pennsylvania,  (Philadelphia,)  in 
1857.  1.  Grammar  of  the  German  Language,  New  York, 
1842,  2  vols.  12mo.  2.  Materia  Medica  Pura,  by  Dr.  S. 
Hahnemann ;  trans,  by  C.  J.  H.,  1846,  4  vols.  8vo.  3.  The 
rapeutic  Pocket-Book,  by  Dr.C.Von  Bcenninghausen ;  edited 
by  C.  J.  H.,  Bost,  1849,  8vo.  4.  Organon  of  the  Specific 
Healing  Art  of  Homoeopathy,  by  D-r.  G.  L.  Rau;  edited  by 
C.  J.  H.,  N.  York,  1849,  8vo.  5.  New  Manual  of  the  Ho 
moeopathic  Materia  Medica,  by  Jahr  and  Possart ;  4th  ed., 
trans,  and  edited  by  C.  J.  H.,  1849,  cr.  8vo.  6.  Treat, 
on  the  Use  of  Arnica,  1849,  8vo.  7.  New  Homoeopathic 
Pharmacopoeia  and  Nosology;  compiled  and  trans,  by  C. 
J.  H.,  1850,  8vo.  8.  Homoeopathic  Domestic  Physician, 
1850,  8vo.  9.  Therapeutics;  or,  Successful  Homoeopathic 
Cures;  trans,  and  edited  by  C.  J.  H.,  1850,  8vo.  10.  New 
Manual :  originally  published  under  the  name  of  Syrnpto- 
men-Codex,  by  Dr.  G.  H.  G.  Jahr;  trans,  with  addits.  by 
C.  J.  H.,  assisted  by  J.  M.  Quin,  M.D.,  <fcc.,  2  vols.  8vo. 
The  third  vol.  is  issued  as  a  separate  work,  under  the  title 
of  Complete  Repertory  of  Homoeopathic  Materia  Medica,  by 
C.  J.  H.,  1853,  8vo,  pp.  1224.  11.  Organon  of  Specific 
Homoeopathy,  Phila.,  1854,  8vo.  12.  Materia  Medica,  by 
Dr.  B.  Mure;  trans,  by  C.  J.  H.,  1854,  cr.  8vo.  13.  The 
Homoeopathic  Materia  Medica,  by  A.Teste ;  trans,  and  edited 
by  C.  J.  H.,  N.  York,  1855,  8vo.  14.  With  Jacob  Beakley, 
M.D.,  Manual  of  Homoeop.  Theory  and  Practice,  1858,  8vo. 

Hempstead,  Samuel  H.,  Counsellor-at-Law,  Little 
Rock,  Arkansas.  Arkans.  Reports,1820-56,  Bost,  1856, 8vo. 

Hemsworth,  Richard,  of  the  Middle  Temple.  A 
Key  to  the  Law;  or,  An  Introd.  to  Legal  Knowledge,  1765, 
8vo. 

Henchman,  Humphrey,  Bishop  of  Salisbury,  1660  ; 
trans,  to  London,  1663.  Diatriba  Praeliminaris  H.  Ham- 
mondi  Tract,  de  Confirmatione  prsefixa,  Oxon.,  1661. 

Henchman,  Richard,  D.D.    Serms.,  1661,  both  4to. 

Henck,  John  B.,  Civil  Engineer,  b.  1815,  at  Phila 
delphia,  grad.  at  Harvard  University,  1840.  Field-Book 
for  Rail-Road  Engineers;  containing  formulse  for  laying 
down  curves,  &o. 

"A  most  judicioxis  combination  of  theory  and  practice.  The 
scientific  treatise  and  the  field-book  are  united  without  detriment 
to  either/'— N.  Amer.  Xev.,  Ixxix.  253-254. 

Henderick,  Rev.  George.  Address  to  the  Abp. 
of  Canterbury  on  the  Propriety  of  Sunday  Evening  Lec 
tures,  1808,  4to. 

Henderson,  Mrs.  1.  Scrip.  Lessons  on  the  Hist,  of 
our  Lord,  Lon.  2.  Scrip.  Lessons  on  the  Acts  of  the  Apos 
tles,  1847,  2  vols.  18mo;  1850,  1  vol.  8vo.  Other  works. 

Henderson,  Captain,  R.A.  1.  Account  of  Hon 
duras,  Lon.,  1809,  '11,  8vo.  2.  Condition  and  Treatment 
of  the  Negro  Slaves  in  the  Brit.  Colonies,  1816. 

Henderson,  Alexander,  1583-1646,  a  divine  and 
leader  in  the  Church  of  Scotland,  had  a  controversy  with 
Charles  I.  respecting  Episcopacy.  The  papers  which 
passed  between  them  will  be  found  in  The  Life  and  Times 
of  Henderson,  by  John  Aitou,  D.D.,  Edin.,  1836,  8vo.  See 
also  Dr.  Thomas  McCrie's  Life  of  Henderson;  Montrose's 
Memoirs ;  Voice  of  the  Church ;  and  British  Critic,  xix. 
457.  Henderson  wrote  some  serais.,  pub.  1643-48. 

Henderson,  Alexander,  M.D.  1.  Trans,  of  Cabanis 
on  Med  Science,  Lon.,  1806,  8vo.  2.  Imposture  of  Ann 
Moore,  1813, 8vo.  3.  Hist,  of  Anc.  and  Mod. Wines,  1824,4to 

"He  appears  to  have  devoted  several  years  to  his  undertaking, 
and  has  very  laboriously  gleaned  from  various  sources  whatever 
was  of  importance  to  his  object."— ion.  Quar.  tfei>.,  xxxii.  232-262. 

See  also  Blackwood's  Mag.,  xvi.  1-16.  4.  The  Atmo 
sphere;  NIC.  Jour.,  1804. 

Henderson,  Andrew.  1.  Life  of  John,  Earl  of 
Stair,  Lon.,  1748,  12mo.  2.  Trans,  of  Voltaire's  Hist,  of 
Charles  XII.,  8vo.  3.  Arsinoe ;  a  Trag.,  8vo.  4  Hist  of 
the  Rebellion  1745-46,  8vo,  1753.  5.  Militia,  1760  8vo. 
6.  Life  of  William  the  Conqueror,  1764,  12mo.  7.  Life  of 
the  Duke  of  Cumberland,  1766,  8vo.  8.  Letter  to  the  Bp. 


of  Chester,  1774,  8vo.  9,  10.  Two  Letters  to  Dr.  Johnson 
on  his  Journey  to  the  Western  Isles,  1775,  &c.,  both  8vo. 

Henderson,  Andrew.  The  Prac.  Grazier,  Edin., 
1826,  8vo. 

"  The  work  is  very  creditable."—  Donaldson's  Agricult.  Biog. 

Henderson,  Ebenezer,  D.D.,  one  of  the  most  emi 
nent  of  modern  Biblical  critics.  1.  Trans,  of  Roos  on  the 
Prophecies  of  Daniel,  Edin.,  1811,  8vo. 

"  It  is  not  a  very  interesting  book.  The  details  are  too  minute, 
and  some  of  the  views  not  likely  to  be  received."—  Orme's  Bibl.  Bib. 

2.  Dissert,  on  Hans  Mikkelsen's  [Danish]  Trans,  of  the 
N.  Test,  Copenhagen,  1813, 4to.  3.  Iceland;  or,  The  Journal 
of  a  Residence  in  that  Island  in  1814-15,  Edin.,  1818,  2 
vols.  8vo;  1819,  8vo. 

"The  state  of  society,  manners,  domestic  habits,  and  religion, 
are  here  treated  of;  but  there  is  too  much  minuteness,  and  a  te- 
diousness  and  dryness  of  style  and  manner." — Stevenson's  Voyages 
and  Travels. 

"This  interesting  volume,  we  venture  to  say,  will  be  found  pro 
ductive  of  a  very  high  degree  of  instruction  and  amusement." — 
Lon.  Quar.  Ifev.  See  Lowudes's  Brit.  Lib. 

4.  Biblical  Researches  and  Trav.  in  Russia,  Lon.,1826,8vo. 

"This  very  interesting  volume  of  Travels  has  a  claim  to  be  no 
ticed  in  this  place,  on  account  of  the  numerous  and  important 
details  which  Dr.  Henderson  has  communicated  respecting  the 
antient  and  modern  versions  and  editions  of  the  Holy  Scriptures, 
and  to  which  we  have  been  largely  indebted.  .  .  .  Contains  much 
valuable  statistical  information  relative  to  the  countries  through 
which  he  travelled."— Home's  Bibl.  Bib. 

5.  Edit,  of  Moses  Stuart's  trans,  of  Ernesti's  Elements 
of  Interpretation,  1827,  12mo. 

"  Dr.  Henderson  has  increased  the  utility  of  this  little  manual 
by  adding  some  valuable  observations,  the  result  of  his  own  read 
ing."—  Home's  Bibl.  Bib. 

6.  The    Great   Mystery   of  Godliness  Incontrovertible, 
1830,  8vo.     This  is  an  examination  of  1  Tim.  iii.  16. 

"The  genuineness  of  the  controverted  clause  in  1  Tim.  iii.  16 
is  established  beyond  doubt  in  this  ably-executed  and  impartial 
treatise." — Home's  Bibl.  Bib. 

"A  valuable  specimen  of  critical  ability  successfully  exerted  in 
the  investigation  and  discovery  of  truth." — ARCHBISHOP  HOWLET. 

See  Andover  Biblical  Repository,  i.  777. 

7.  Edit,  of  jEgidii   Gutbirii   Lexicon    Syriacum,  1836, 
24mo.     8.  Divine  Inspiration,  1836,  8vo;  1847,  fp.  8vo ; 
1850,  12mo ;  1852,  fp.  8vo. 

•    "  Particularly  valuable." — DR.  E.  WILLIAMS. 

"  These  discourses  are  written  with  great  care,  and  display  stores 
of  information,  both  ancient  and  modern,  which  few  theologians 
of  the  day  could  emulate,  and  very  few,  if  any,  could  exceed." — 
British  Critic.  See  also  Lon.  Chris.  Rememb. 

9.  Trans,  of  Isaiah  from  the  Hebrew,  with  Comment., 
1840,  8vo. 

"  Much  useful  criticism." — Bickersteth's  C.  S. 

"  The  translator's  notes  leave  the  reader  nothing  to  desire  for 
the  explanation  of  Isaiah." — Lon.  Churchman. 

"  It  is  not  too  much  to  say  that  this  Commentary  on  Isaiah  is 
the  best,  the  most  learned,  and  the  most  satisfactory  illustration 
of  the  prophetic  text  that  exists  in  our  language." — British  Maga 
zine.  See  also  Lon.  Eclec.  Rev. 

"  Henceforth  no  one  that  desires  to  understand  the  elevated 
views  and  grand  productions  of  Isaiah  will  be  able  to  dispense 
with  the  work  of  Dr.  Henderson." — Lon.  Chris.  Examiner. 

10.  Trans,  from  the  Hebrew  of  the  Twelve  Minor  Pro 
phets,  with  a  Comment.,  1845,  8vo.     11.  Trans,  from  the 
Hebrew  of  Jeremiah  and  the  Lamentations,  with  a  Com 
ment,  1851,  8vo.     Other  publications. 

Henderson,  George.  View  of  the  Administrations 
in  the  Government  of  Americaunder  Washington,  &c.,  1802. 

Henderson,  Capt.  John.  1.  Agricult.  of  Suther 
land,  Lon.,  1812,  8vo.  2.  Agricult.  of  Caithness,  1812,  8vo. 

"  The  two  works  are  very  creditable." — Donaldson's  Ag.  Biog. 

Henderson,  John,  1747-1785,  an  eminent  actor,  a 
native  of  London.  His  Letters  and  Poems,  with  Anecdotes 
of  his  Life,  by  John  Ireland,  Lon.,  1786,  8vo.  See  also 
Lowndes's  Bibl.  Man. ;  Boswell's  Johnson  ;  Nichols's  Anec. 

Henderson,  John.  1.  Sal  Indus  Antiquorum,  <fcc., 
Lon.,  1803,  8vo.  2.  Rheumic  Acid ;  Thorn.  Ann.  Philos. 

Henderson,  John,  1757-1788,  a  native  of  Ballaga- 
rance,  England,  educated  at  Pembroke  College,  Oxford, 
taught  Latin  at  eight  years  of  age  and  Greek  at  twelve. 
An  account  of  him  will  be  found  in  Rev.  Wm.  Agutter's 
Funeral  Serm.  on  him,  Nov.  1788.  Some  of  Henderson's 
essays  and  poems  have  been  published.  See  Boswell. 

Henderson,  Lawrence,  of  Maldon,  Essex.  Para 
phrase  on  Job,  Psalms,  Proverbs,  and  Ecclesiastes,  with 
Notes,  Crit,  Histor.,  and  Pract,  Lon.,  1764,  4  vols.  8vo. 

Henderson,  Robert.     See  HENRYSON. 

Henderson,  Robert.  Breeding  of  Swine  and  Curing 
of  Bacon ;  with  Hints  on  Agricult,  <fec.,  Leith,  1811,  '14,  8vo. 

"Imparts  his  knowledge  in  a  plain  and  sensible  manner." — 
Donaldson's  Agricult.  Biog. 

Henderson,  S.  The  Cottage  Preacher;  or,  XV.  Plain 
Sermons,  Lon.,  1837,  12mo. 

"  These  Discourses  are  truly  evangelical  in  their  matter,  familiar 
and  intelligible  in  their  style'."— Lon.  Congreg.  Mag. 


HEN 


HEN 


Henderson,  Stewart,  M.D.  Profess,  treatises,  1795- 

1808. 

Henderson,  T.  Astronomical  Observations  at  Edin 
burgh,  1834-43,  vols.  i.  to  ix.,  1838-50. 

Henderson,  Thos.,  M.D.,  Assist  Surg.  U.S.  Navy. 
Hints  on  the  Med.  Exam,  of  Recruits;  new  ed.,  Phila.,  1857. 

Henderson,  Wm.,  M.D.  1.  Observ.  on  the  Plague, 
Lon.,  1789,  8vo.  2.  Sir  H.  Davy  on  Chlorine  j  Thorn.  Ann. 
Philos.,  1813. 

Henderson,  Wm.,  M.D.  1.  Homoeopathic  Practice 
of  Medicine,  Lon.,  1845,  8vo;  N.Y.,  1846, 18mo.  2.  Homoeo 
pathy  Fairly  Represented,  in  Reply  to  Simpson's  Homoeo 
pathy  Misrepresented,  Edin.,  1853,  p.  Svo;  Phila.,  1854,  8vo. 

Hendley,  Wm.  Serms.,  1715-18.  For  a  Serm.  on 
Rev.  xix.  9  (1718.  8vo)  the  author  was  tried  and  convicted. 

Hendley,  Wm.  Loiinologia  Sacra ;  or,  The  Plague 
Religiously  Considered,  Lon.,  1721,  8vo. 

Hendon,  Edward.  Perfect  Conveyancer;  or,  Select 
Precedents,  by  E.  Hendon,  Wm.  Noy,  R.  Rason,  and  H. 
Fleetwood,  1650,  4to  ;  2d  ed.,  1655,  4to. 

Hendricks,  Miss  Rose  Ellen.  1.  The  Astrologer's 
Daughter,  Lon.,  1845,  3  vols.  p.  8vo.  2.  The  Idler  Re 
formed,  1846,  3  vols.  p.  8vo.  3.  Political  Fame;  an  Essay, 
1847,  fp.  8vo.  4.  The  Wild  Rose,  and  other  Poems,  1847, 
p.  8vo.  5.  The  Young  Authoress,  1847,  3  vols.  p.  8vo.  6. 
Jenny  Lind;  a  Tale,  2  vols.  p.  8vo.  7.  Chit-Chat;  a  Poem, 
in  12  Cantos,  1849,  p.  8vo.  8.  King  John  and  the  Brigand's 
Bride,  1851,  3  vols.  p.  8vo. 

"There  is  an  earnestness  and  a  good  faith  about  all  the  writer 
does,  which  stamps  an  air  of  truth  upon  her  productions." — Lon. 
Literary  Gazette. 

Hendrie,  Robert.  1.  Two  Letters  on  Pictorial  Co 
lour  and  Effect,  Lon.,  1842, 12mo.  2.  Encyclopaedia  of  the 
Arts  of  the  Middle  Ages,  by  the  Monk  Theophilus;  trans., 
with  Notes,  by  R.  H.,  8vo.  Commended  by  Lon.  Spec. 

Hendry,  Elizabeth  Anne.  1.  Crossingham  Rec 
tory,  Lon.,  12mo  :  commended  by  Lon.  Lit.  Gaz.,  and 
Educat.  Mag.  2.  Hist,  of  Greece,  for  Children ;  4th  ed., 
1853,  18mo.  3.  Hist,  of  Rome,  for  Children ;  4th  ed.,  re 
vised  by  J.  Corner,  1853,  ISmo. 

Hendry,  Wm.     Life-Annuities,  <fcc.,  Lon.,  1825,  8vo. 

Hendy,  James,  M.D.     Profess,  treatises,  1774-90. 

Heneage,  Michael.  1.  Antiq.  of  Arms  in  England, 
anno  1598;  in  Hearne's  Collec.,  1771.  2.  Antiq.  of  the 
word  "  Sterlingorum  ;"  in  Hearne's  Collec.,  1771. 

Henegan,  Sir  Richard  D.,  R.A.  Seven  Years' 
Campaigning  in  the  Peninsula,  &c.,  Lon.,  1846,  2  vols. 

"  These  volumes  combine  a  world  of  diversified  amusement,  ex 
citement,  and  interest.  It  is  impossible  to  open  them  without 
encountering  some  touch  of  pathos  or  humour, — some  trace  of 
desperate  valor  or  of  heroic  sacrifice." — Naval  and  Military  Gaz. 

Henfrey,  Arthur,  Prof,  of  Botany  in  King's  College, 
London,  1854,  late  editor  of  the  Botanical  Magazine,  has 
made  several  translations  from  the  German,  contributed 
papers  to  the  Annals  and  Mag.  of  Nat.  Hist.,  Trans.  Brit. 
Assoc.,  <fcc.,  and  pub.  the  following  works :  1.  Anatomical 
Manipulation,  Lon.,  1844.  2.  Outlines  of  Structural  and 
Physiological  Botany,  1847,  12mo.  3.  Rudiments  of  Bo 
tany,  1849,  12mo.  4.  The  Vegetation  of  Europe :  its  Con 
dition  and  Causes,  1852,  12mo.  5.  An  Elementary  Course 
of  Botany,  Structural,  Physiological,  and  Systematic,  with 
a  Brief  Outline  of  the  Geographical  and  Geological  Distri 
bution  of  Plants,  1857,  p.  8vo.  6.  Micrographic  Dictionary : 
see  GRIFFITH,  J.  W. 

Hengham,  Sir  Ralph  de,  Chief-Justice  in  the  Court 
of  King's  Bench  temp.  Edw.  I.  Summa  inagna  et  parva. 
Printed  with  Sir  John  Fortescue's  De  Laudibus  Legum 
Angliae :  see  p.  618  of  this  Dictionary ;  Bp.  Nicolson's 
Eng.  Hist.  Lib. ;  Brooke's  Bib.  Leg.  Ang.,  72 ;  2  Reeves's 
Eng.  Law,  281;  Selden's  Pref.  to  the  work ;  Marvin's  Leg. 
Bibl.,  382. 

Hening,  Mrs.  E.  F.  Hist,  of  the  African  Missions 
of  the  Prot.  Epis.  Church  in  the  U.S.,  N.Y.,  1850,  12mo. 

Hening,  William  Waller,  d.  1828,  Clerk  of  the 
Chancery  Ct.  for  the  Richmond  Dist,  Va.  1.  Statutes  of 
Virginia,  1619-1792,  Richmond,  13  vols.  8vo,  1809-23. 

"  No  other  State  in  the  Union  possesses  so  excellent  a  work  on 
its  legislative  history." — GEORGE  BANCROFT  :  Hist.  U.  States. 

2.  The  American  Pleader  and  Lawyer's  Guide,  N.  York, 
1811,  2  vols.  8vo.  3.  Maxims;  containing  Noy,  Francis, 
and  Branch,  <fcc.,  Richmond  and  Phila.,  1824-45,  8vo  : 
see  BRANCH,  THOMAS  ;  FRANCIS,  RICHARD.  4.  New  Vir 
ginia  Justice ;  4th  ed.,  Richmond,  1825,  8vo.  5.  In  con 
junction  with  William  Munford,  Reports  of  Cases  in  Su 
preme  Ct.  of  Appeals  of  Va.,  and  in  the  Supreme  Ct.  of 
Chancery  for  Richmond  District,  Flatbush  and  N.  York, 
1809-11,  4  vols.  8vo. 

Ilenkel,   C.,  Lutheran  pastor,   Somerset,  Ohio.    1. 


Ueber  die  Kindersucht,  1822.     2.  On  the  Reformation  :  a 
Synodical  Discourse,  1838. 

Henkel,  D.,  Lutheran  pastor,  Lincoln,  N.C.  On  Re 
generation,  Salisbury,  1822. 

Henkle,  Moses  Montgomery,  D.D.,  of  the  Me 
thodist  Epis.  Church  South,  b.  1798,  in  Pendleton  co.,  Va. 
1.  Masonic  Addresses,  1849,  8vo.  2.  Primary  Platform  ; 
or,  Methodism,  Nashville,  1852,  12mo.  3.  Analysis  of 
Church  Government,  1853,  12mo.  4.  Life  of  Bishop  Bas- 
com,  1854,  12mo.  5.  Primitive  Episcopacy,  1857,  12mo. 

Henley,  Anthony,  M.P.,  d.  1711,  was  a  contributor 
to  the  Tatler,  the  Medley,  and  other  periodicals,  and  wrote 
poetry  for  music.  Garth  eulogizes  him  in  the  preface  to 
the  Dispensary. 

Henley,  Rev.  John,  1692-1756,  known  as  Orator 
Henley,  was  a  native  of  Melton-Mowbray,  and  educated 
at  St.  John's  College,  Cambridge.  Disappointed  in  ob 
taining  preferment  in  London,  he  commenced  the  delivery 
of  his  famous  Lectures  or  Orations  upon  theology,  politics, 
fashions,  and  matters  in  general.  He  continued  these  lec 
tures  for  nearly  thirty  years,  and  was  certainly  one  of  the 
lions  of  London.  Pope  celebrates  him  in  the  Dunciad  as 
the  "zaney  of  his  age,"  and  Hogarth  introduced  him  in 
his  humorous  delineations.  He  pub.  many  Sermons,  Ho 
milies,  translations  from  Pliny  and  Montfaucon,  Letters, 
<fcc.,  and  the  following  works,  by  which  he  is  best  known  : 
1.  Complete  Linguist;  or,  an  Universal  Grammar  of  all 
the  considerable  Tongues  in  Being,  Lon.,  1719-21,  2  vols. 
8vo.  2.  Oratory  Transactions :  No.  1,  1728,  8vo  j  Nos.  2, 
4,  5,  1729,  8vo.  3.  Esther ;  a  Poem.  4.  The  Hyp  Doctor ; 
a  Weekly  Paper.  By  this  periodical  he  is  said  to  have 
cleared  £100  per  annum.  See  Steevens's  account  of  Hen 
ley,  in  Nichols's  Biog.  Anec.  of  Hogarth ;  Lon.  Retrosp. 
Rev.,  xiv.  206-225,  1826. 

Henley,  Robert,  Baron  Henley  and  Earl  of 
Northington,  Lord-Chancellor  of  England,  b.  1708,  d. 
1786.  See  EDEN,  HON.  ROBERT  HENLEY;  Henley's  Life 
of  Lord  Northington  ;  Lord  Campbell's  Lives  of  the  Lord- 
Chancellors,  and  authorities  there  cited. 

Henley,  Hon.  Robert  Henley  Eden,  Lord. 
See  EDEN. 

Henley,  Samuel, D.D.,  d.  1816,  Prof,  of  Moral  Philos. 
in  the  College  of  Williamsburg,  Virginia,  subsequently 
Rector  of  Rendlesham,  Suffolk,  and  in  1805  Principal  of 
the  East  India  College  at  Hertford,  pub.  several  serms., 
&c.,  1771-1803;  observations  on  Virgil,  1788  ;  a  trans,  of 
the  Elegies  of  Tibullus,  1792 ;  and  edited  Beckford's  Ca- 
leph  Vathek,  1786. 

Henley,  Thomas.  Case  in  Midwifery,  Exon.,  1715, 
12mo. 

Henley,  Zach.  Allnut.  Navigation  of  the  Thames 
from  Richmond  to  Stnines,  Lon.,  1805,  8vo. 

Henley,  Wm.     Electricity;  Phil.  Trans.,  1772-78. 

Hennell,  Charles.  Forms  of  Affidavits,  &c.,  2d  ed., 
Lon.,  1837,  8vo.  Adapted  to  the  Irish  Practice,  with 
many  new  Precedents,  &c.,  by  W.  Mockler,  Dubl.,  1844,8  vo. 

Hennen,  John.     Military  Surgery,  Edin.,  1818,  Svo. 

Henniker,  Sir  Frederick,  Bart.  Notes  during  a 
Visit  to  Egypt,  Nubia,  the  Oasis  Bo3ris,<fcc.,  Lon.,  1824,  Svo. 

"  We  have  read  Sir  Frederick  fjenniker's  Notes  on  Egypt,  &c. 
with  pleasure,  and  freely  confess  that  the  perusal  frequently  re 
laxed  our  gravity ;  it  is  in  fact  an  amusing  little  volume,  and  will 
find  a  place  by  the  side  of  the  Diary  of  an  Invalid." — Lon.  Quar. 
Rev. 

Henniker,  Major  John,  Lord,  M.P.  1.  Letter  to 
George,  Earl  of  Leicester,  1788,  Svo.  2.  Two  Letters  on 
the  Origin,  Antiq.,  and  Hist,  of  Norman  Titles,  1794,  8vo. 
3.  Bicknacre  Priory,  in  Essex;  Archaeol.,  1794. 

Henning,  George,  M.D.     Scrofulas,  1815,  8vo. 

Henric,  James.  The  Curtaine  of  Church  Power  and 
Authorise  in  things  called  Indifferent,  Lon.,  1632,  4to. 

Henricus,  Huntindiensis.  See  HENRY  OF  HUN 
TINGDON. 

Henry,Archdeacon  of  Huntingdon  and  Hert 
fordshire,  b.  about  the  end  of  the  llth  century,  d.  after 
1154,  is  best  known  as  an  author  by  a  History  of  England, 
in  eight  books,  from  the  earliest  accounts  to  A.D.  1154. 
This  was  pub.  by  Sir  Henry  Savile  among  the  Scriptores 
post  Bedam,  Lon.,  1596,  fol. ;  Francf.,  1601,  fol. ;  also  in 
the  Collec.  of  Historians  edited  by  order  of  the  Recon. 
Commission,  vol.  i.  689-763 ;  also  a  translation,  with  the 
Acts  of  Stephen,  by  an  unknown  author;  by  Thomas  For 
ester,  Lon.,  1853,  sm.  8vo.  Wharton,  in  his  Anglia  Sacra, 
ii.  694,  publishes  an  Epistle  of  Henry's,  ad  Walterum  de 
Mundi  Contemptu,  sive  de  Episcopis  et  viris  illustrious  sui 
temporis.  See  also  D'Achery,  Spicilegium,  Parisiis,  1723, 
fol.,  tomus  iii.  503-507,  or,  in  first  ed.,  tomus  viii.  178. 

Henry  was  also  a  poet  of  considerable  merit.     In  his 

•a 


HEN 


HEN 


old  age  he  collected  his  writings  into  one  series,  divided 
into  twelve  books.  There  are  two  MSS.  of  this  book  in 
the  Archiepiscopal  Library  at  Lambeth.  For  a  more  par 
ticular  account  of  this  writer  we  refer  the  reader  to  Wright's 
Biog.  Brit.  Lit.,  Anglo-Norman  Period,  167-173. 

"  A  large  portion  of  the  earlier  part  of  Henry's  History  is  com 
piled  and  translated  from  the  Saxon  chronicle ;  he  even  translates 
the  metrical  parts,  and  in  some  instances  incorrectly,  which  shows 
that  so  early  as  the  reign  of  Stephen  the  language  of  Anglo-Saxon 
poetry  was  becoming  obsolete.  He  gives  us  some  valuable  notices 
of  Anglo-Saxon  history,  which  appear  to  be  taken  from  old  songs 

and  from  tradition His  dates  are  frequently  confused One 

of  his  last  writings  was  probably  the  letter  already  alluded  to, 
addressed  to  his  friend,  Walter,  De  Mundi  Conttmptu;  in  it  he 
recounts  to  his  friend  the  number  of  rich  and  powerful  and  learned 

men  whom  they  had  seen  sink  successively  into  the  grave 

Henry  of  Huntingdon's  poetry  is  superior  to  the  general  standard 
of  medieval  Latin  verse.  It  is  somewhat  miscellaneous,  consisting 
of  metrical  treatises  on  herbs,  gems,  spices,  &c.,  of  hymns,  of  ama 
tory  poetry,  and  of  epigrams.  Leland  quotes  the  following  elegant 
lines  from  the  invocation  to  his  poem  on  herbs,  which  is  founded 
on  the  older  treatise  of  Macer : 

" '  Vatum  inagne  parens,  berbarum  Phoebe  repertor, 
Vosque,  quibus  resonant  Tempe  jocosa,  deae, 
Si  mihi  serta  prius  hedera  florente  parastis, 
Ecce  meos  flores.  serta  parate,  fero.' " 

WRIGHT  :  ubi  supra. 

Henry  the  Minstrel,  or  Blind  Harry,  a  wander 
ing  Scotch  poet  of  the  15th  century,  is  celebrated  as  the 
author  of  The  Actis  and  Deidis  of  the  illuster  and  vailzeand 
Campioun,  Schir  William  Wallace,  Knicht  of  Ellerslie. 
This  poem,  which  is  in  twelve  books  of  ten-syllable  lines, 
is  supposed  to  have  been  written  about  1475.  Henry  pro 
fesses  to  found  it  on  a  Latin  history  of  Wallace,  now  lost, 
by  John  Blair  and  Thomas  Gray.  The  only  MS.  copy 
known  of  Henry's  poem  is  in  the  Advocates'  Library, 
Edinburgh,  dated  1488.  It  was  first  pub.,  Edin.,  1570, 
4to;  1601,  4to;  1611,  4to;  1620,  8vo;  Aberdeen,  1630, 
8vo;  Edin.,  1648,  8vo;  1661;  Glasg.,  1665,  8vo ;  Edin., 
1673,  12mo;  Glasg.;  Edin.,  1709,  12mo;  Glasg.,  1713, 
'22,  8vo;  Edin.,  1758,  4to.  This  ed.  likewise  contains 
Arnaldi  Blair  Relationes;  with  Notes,  Dissertations,  Illus 
trations,  and  a  portrait  of  Wallace,  Perth,  1790,  3  vols. 
12iao.  Since  this  date  (i.  e.  in  1820,  Edin.,  4to)  Dr.  John 
Jamieson  pub.  it  with  the  Bruce  of  Barbour.  A  paraphrase 
of  Harry's  poem,  in  modern  Scotch,  by  William  Hamilton 
of  Gilbertfield,  has  long  been  popular  with  the  Scottish 
peasantry,  and  had  no  little  effect  in  eliciting  the  poetic 
talents  of  Robert  Bruce.  As  a  historian,  recent  discove 
ries  have  somewhat  elevated  the  reputation  of  Blind 
Harry;  as  a  poet,  he  has  perhaps  enjoyed  the  full  benefit 
of  the  advantage  which  mystery  confers  upon  the  fame 
of  the  minstrel.  Mr.  Ellis  does  not  hesitate  to  say 

"  That  a  man  born  blind  should  excel  in  any  science  is  suffi 
ciently  extraordinary,  though  by  no  means  without  example 
but  that  he  should  become  an  excellent  poet  is  almost  miraculous 
because  the  soul  of  poetry  is  description.  Perhaps,  therefore,  i 
may  be  easily  assumed  that  Henry  was  not  inferior  in  point  ol 
genius  either  to  Barbour  or  Chaucer,  nor  indeed  to  any  poet  of 
any  age  or  country." — Specimens  of  tJie  Early  English  Poets. 

The  absurdity  of  this  remark  is  well  exposed  in  Cham 
bers  and  Thomson's  Biog.  Diet,  of  Eminent  Scotsmen 
ed.  1855,  iii.  16. 

As  regards  the  value  of  the  historical  statements  of 
the  poet,  we  have  the  following  opinion  of  an  eminen 
authority : 

"  I  am  persuaded  that  Wallace  is  the  work  of  an  ignorant  man 
who  was  yet  in  possession  of  valuable  and  authentic  materials 
On  what  other  supposition  can  we  account  for  the  fact  that,  whils 
in  one  page  we  meet  with  errors  which  show  a  deplorable  perver 
sion  of  history,  in  the  next  we  find  circumstances  unknown  t 
other  Scottish  historians,  yet  corroborated  by  authentic  docu 
ments,  by  contemporary  English  annalists,  by  national  monu 
ments,  and  records  only  published  in  modern  times  and  to  whici 
the  minstrel  cannot  be  supposed  to  have  had  access?  The  work 
therefore,  cannot  be  treated  as  an  entire  romance." — P.  F.TYTLER 
Lives  of  Scottish  Worthies. 

Mr.  Tytler  proceeds  to  adduce  a  number  of  instances  ii 
which  modern  historical  discoveries  prove  Henry  to  b 
correct.  Major,  who  lived  at  the  same  time  with  the  poet 
tells  us  the  little  we  know  of  the  minstrel,  and  enables  u 
to  form  some  estimate  of  the  value  of  his  history: 

"Integruni  librum  Gulielmi  Vallacei  Henricus,  a  nativitat 
luminibus  captus,  meee  infcmtiao  tempore  cudit;  et  quse  vulg 
dicebantur,  carmine  vul^ari,  in  quo  peritus  erat,  conscripsit;  (eg 
autem  talibus  scriptis  soluin  in  parte  fidem  impertior;)  qui  histc 
riarum  recitatione  coram  principibus  victum  et  vestitum  qu 
dignus  erat  nactus  est." — Hist.  Lib.,  iv.,  c.  15. 

See  Irving's  Lives  of  Scot  Poets ;  Jamieson's  edit,  c 
Bruce  and  Wallace ;  Mackenzie's  Scots  Writers ;  Warton 
Hist,  of  Eng.  Poet. ;  authorities  cited  above. 

Henry  IV.,  King  of  England,  surnamed  of  Bo 
lingbroke,  b.  1366,  d.  1413,  eldest  son  of  John  of  Gaun 
Duke  of  Lancaster,  by  the  Lady  Blanche,  daughter  c 
Henry  Plautagenet,  Duke  of  Lancaster.  Epistola  ad  N 


olaum  de  Cusa  S.R.E.  Cardinalem.    See  D'Achery,  Spicil., 
i.  803. 

Henry  VIII.,  King  of  England,  b.  1491,  d.  1547, 

econd  son  of  Henry  VII.,  by  his  queen,  Elizabeth  of  York, 

ained  from  Leo  X.  the  title  of  Defender  of  the  Faith,  by 

Latin  treatise — Assertio  VII.  Sacramentorum  adversus 

Lutherum,  Lon.,  1521,  4to;  Romse,  1521,  4to ;  Lon.,  other 
ds.,  for  an  account  of  which,  and  other  writings  connected 

with  Henry  and  his  reign,  see  Lowndes's  Bibl.  Man.,  906- 
08,  Watt's  Bibl.  Brit,,  and  the  histories  of  England.  An 
Inglish  trans.,  by  T.  W.,  of  the  Assertion  of  the  Seven 
acraments,  was  pub.  in  1687,  4to. 

"Of  Henry's  intellectual  ability  we  are  not  left  to  judge  from 
he  suspicious  panegyrics  of  his  contemporaries.  His  state  papers 
nd  letters  may  be  placed  by  the  side  of  those  of  Wolsey  or  of 
!romwell.  and  they  lose  nothing  in  the  comparison.  Though  they 
re  broadly  different,  the  perception  is  equally  clear,  the  expression 
qually  powerful,  and  they  breathe  throughout  an  irresistible  vi- 
our  of  purpose."— Fronde's  Hist,  of  Eng.  from  the  Fall  of  Wolsey 
the  Death  of  Elizabeth,  Lon.,  1856. 

Henry,  Marquis  and  Earl  of  Worcester.  Apo- 
hethegius,  Lon.,  1650,  8vo. 

Henry,  Alexander,  1739-1824,  a  native  of  New 
ersey,  extensively  engaged  in  the  Fur  Trade,  travelled 
or  sixteen  years  in  the  northwestern  parts  of  America,  and 
jives  us  the  result  of  his  observations  in  his  Travels  and 
Adventures  in  Canada  and  the  Indian  Territories,  1760-76, 
tf.York,  1809,  8vo.  The  Preface  to  this  interesting  work 
will  be  found  in  Rich's  Bibl.  Aruer.  Nova,  ii.  42. 

His  enterprise,  perils,  and  intrepidity,  excite  deep  interest." — 
CHANCELLOR  KENT. 

Henry,  Caleb  Sprague,  D.D.,  formerly  a  Congre 
gational  minister,  but  since  1835  a  clergyman  of  the  Pro 
testant  Episcopal  Church,  is  a  native  of  Rutland,  Mass., 
ind  graduated  at  Dartmouth  College  in  1825.  In  1835  he 
,vas  appointed  Professor  of  Intellectual  and  Moral  Philo 
sophy  in  Bristol  College;  removed  to  New  York  in  1837; 
and  in  that  city  established  The  New  York  Review,  which 
le  conducted  until  1840,  when  Dr.  J.  G.  Cogswell,  who  had 
jeen  co-editor  for  the  previous  twelvemonth,  assumed  the 
entire  duties  connected  with  its  supervision.  Dr.  Henry 
was  chosen  Professor  of  Philosophy,  History,  and  Belles- 
Lettres,  in  the  University  of  the  city  of  New  York,  and 
discharged  the  engagements  connected  with  this  responsible 
post  until  his  retirement  in  1852.  He  was  also,  from  1847- 
50,  rector  of  St.  Clement's  Church,  New  York.  He  now 
(1856)  resides  in  the  vicinity  of  New  York,  and  is  a  fre 
quent  contributor  to  the  Church  Review,  and  other  perio 
dicals.  See  Duyckincks'  Cyc.  of  Amer.  Lit. 

1.  Elements  of  Psychology ;  included  in  a  Critical  Exa 
mination  of  Locke's  Essay  on  the  Human  Understanding, 
by  Victor  Cousin;  trans,  from  the  French,  with  an  Intro 
duction  and  Notes,  Hartford,  1834;  N.York,  1839;  4th 
ed.,  revised,  1856,  12mo,  pp.  568.  2.  Compendium  of 
Christian  Antiquities,  1837,  8vo.  3.  Moral  and  Philoso 
phical  Essays,  N.  York,  1839.  4.  Guizot's  General  Hist, 
of  Civilization,  with  Notes,  12ino.  5.  Household  Liturgy, 
12mo.  6.  Epitome  of  the  Hist,  of  Philosophy;  trans,  from 
the  French,  with  addits.  and  a  Continuation  from  the  time 
of  Reid  to  the  present  day,  1845,  2  vols.  12mo.  About 
one-fourth  of  this  work  was  written  by  Dr.  Henry.  7.  A 
Manual  of  Ancient  and  Modern  History,  by  W.  C.  Taylor, 
LL.D.,  &c.;  with  addits.,  1845,  8vo,  and  each  division  in 
1  vol.  8vo.  See  N.  Amer.  Rev.,  Ixi.  245-248.  Dr.  Henry 
has  also  pub.  a  number  of  college  addresses  on  university 
education,  Ac. 

Henry,  David,  1710-1792,  for  more  than  half  a  cen 
tury  connected  with  the  Gentleman's  Magazine,  has  already 
been  noticed  in  our  life  of  his  brother-in-law,  Edward 
Cave.  In  that  article,  (written  in  1854,)  referring  to  the 
length  of  time  (nearly  fourscore  years)  for  which  the 
Nicholses  had  been  connected  with  the  Magazine,  we  re 
marked,  "May  the  Nicholses  'live  a  thousand  years,'  and 
issue  the  Gentleman's  Magazine  '  punctually  on  the  1st  of 
every  month !' "  But — alas  for  our  hopes  ! — the'number  of 
the  Magazine  for  the  present  month,  (June,  1856,)  which  lies 
before  us,  contains  the  following  startling  announcement : 
"  NOTICE.— The  July  and  following  numbers  of  the  GENTLEMAN'S 
MAGAZINE  will  be  published  by  Messrs.  J.  H.  and  Jas.  Parker,  377, 
Strand,  to  whom  all  communications  and  Books  for  review  are  to 
be  sent." 

We  can  only  express  the  hope  that  the  Parkers  will  prove 
worthy  successors  of  their  "illustrious  predecessors." 

David  Henry  gave  to  the  world — 1.  Twenty  Discourses 
abridged  from  Archbp.  Tillotson,  <fcc.;  2d  ed.,  Lon.,  1763, 
sm.  8vo;  4th  ed.,  1779.  2.  The  Complete  English  Farmer; 
or,  a  Practical  System  of  Husbandry.  3.  An  Historical 
Account  of  all  the  Voyages  round  the  World,  performed 
by  English  Navigators,  1774,  4  vols.  8vo.  To  these  he 


HEN 


HEN 


added  2  volg.,  including  Capt.  Cook's  Voyages.  Henry  was 
a  frequent  contributor  to  the  Gentleman's  Magazine. 

Henry,  J.     Eighteen  Serms.,  1816,  8vo. 

Henry,  J.  R.  Catalogus  Medicamentorum.,  Franc., 
1682,  4to. 

Henry,  John,  an  actor  and  manager  of  the  Theatre 
in  Philadelphia.  A  School  for  Soldiers,  or  The  Deserter ; 
a  Dramatic  Piece,  Kingston,  Jamaica,  1783,  8vo. 

Henry,  John.  1.  Points  in  Manumission,  &c.,  Lon., 
1817,  8vo.  2.  Grim.  Law  at  Demerara,  Ac.,  1821,  8vo.  3. 
Judgment  of  the  Ct.  of  Demerara  in  Case  of  Odwin  v. 
Forbes,  1823,  8vo. 

Henry,  John  Joseph,  1758-1810  ?  Presiding  Judge 
of  the  Second  District  of  Pennsylvania,  entered  the  army 
at  the  age  of  17,  and  accompanied  Arnold  through  the 
wilderness  of  Maine  to  Quebec.  His  account  of  this  ex 
pedition  was  pub.  at  Lancaster,  1812.  12mo. 

Henry,  Joseph,  late  Professor  of  Natural  Philosophy 
in  the  College  of  New  Jersey ;  Secretary  of  the  Smithson 
ian  Institute  at  Washington,  D.C.,  since  its  first  organiza 
tion  in  1846 ;  has  pub.  many  valuable  papers  on  electricity 
and  magnetism  in  Amer.  Philos.  Trans.,  Silliman's  Jour, 
of  Amer.  Science,  Journal  of  the  Franklin  Institute,  Ac. 
Contributions  to  Electricity  and  Magnetism,  Phila.,  1839, 
4to. 

Henry,  Matthew,  1662-1714,  the  second  son  of 
Philip  Henry,  was  born  at  his  father's  residence,  Broad 
Oak  farm-house,  in  Flintshire,  N.  Wales.  He  was  remark 
able  for  the  early  development  of  his  mind;  and  it  is 
affirmed  that  at  three  years  of  age  he  read  the  Bible  dis 
tinctly,  and  with  a  wonderful  comprehension  of  its  mean 
ing.  From  his  early  years  he  evinced  a  decided  inclina 
tion  to  the  ministry.  His  excellent  father  made  it  a  rule 
that  his  children  should  spend  an  hour  together  every 
Saturday  afternoon  in  devotional  exercises ;  and  we  are 
told  that 

"  On  these  occasions  Matthew  presided,  and  gave  intimations 
of  his  subsequent  delight  in  God's  service,  too  distinct  and  too 
impressive  to  be  either  overlooked  or  forgotten.  If  at  such  times 
he  thought  his  sisters  improperly  curtailed,  their  prayers,  he 
would  gently  expostulate;  telling  them  that  'it  was  impossible, 
in  so  short  a  time,  to  include  all  the  cases  and  persons  they  had 
to  recommend  to  God.'  " 

His  father  being  a  Non-conformist,  he  was  deprived  of 
the  privilege  of  entrance  at  either  of  the  universities,  and 
was  placed  under  the  charge  of  Mr.  Thomas  Doolittle,  of 
Islington.  For  a  short  time  subsequently  he  frequented 
Gray's  Inn,  and  acquired  some  knowledge  of  the  law.  In 
1686  he  commenced  preaching,  and  in  the  next  year  ac 
cepted  the  pastoral  charge  of  a  church  at  Chester.  In 
1712,  after  twice  declining,  he  acceded  to  an  urgent  in 
vitation  to  take  charge  of  the  church  of  the  late  Dr. 
Bates,  of  Hackney.  One  strong  inducement  to  this 
change  was  the  necessity  of  a  London  residence  to  the 
proper  oversight  of  the  publication  of  his  Commentary 
on  the  Scriptures,  then  in  the  press.  In  his  new  field,  as 
in  his  former  location,  he  was  indefatigable  in  his  labours, 
which  were  greatly  blessed.  In  May,  1714,  he  made  a 
visit  to  his  old  friends  in  Cheshire,  and  upon  his  return 
home  was  taken  ill  at  Nantwich.  Anticipating  a  fatal 
issue,  he  said  to  Mr.  Illidge  : 

"  You  have  been  used  to  take  notice  of  the  sayings  of  dying 
men.  This  is  mine :  that  a  life  spent  in  the  service  of  God  and 
communion  with  him  is  the  most  pleasant  life  that  any  one  can 
live  in  this  world."  « 

His  death  occurred  on  June  22,  1714,  in  the  fifty- 
second  year  of  his  age. 

A  more  truly  excellent  man  in  all  the  relations  of  life 
we  should  be  at  a  loss  to  find.  That  odd  person,  John 
Dunton,  says  of  him, 

"  All  his  actions  appear  to  be  perfectly  devoted  to  God,  strictly 
observing  St.  Paul's  rule  in  the  4th  of  the  Philippians,  '  What 
soever  things  are  honest,'  &c.,  which  Mr.  Henry  does  with  that 
exactness  and  sincerity,  the  very  Churchmen  love  him,  and  even 
Malice  is  angry  she  can  find  no  cause  to  be  angry  with  him." 

A  list  of  his  works,  according  to  Middleton's  Evangeli 
cal  Biography  : —  1.  A  Small  Discourse  concerning  the 
Nature  of  Schism,  1689.  2.  His  Father's  Life,  1696.  3.  A 
Discourse  about  Meekness  and  Quietness  of  Spirit,  on 
1  Pet.  iii.  4,  to  which  is  added,  A  Sermon  preached  at  Mr. 
Howe's  Meeting-house  in  London,  1698.,  4.  A  Scripture 
Catechism,  1702.  5.  Family  Hymns;  gathered  most  out 
of  David's  Psalms,  and  all  out  of  the  inspired  writings, 
1702.  6.  A  Plain  Catechism  for  Children.  7.  A  Sermon 
concerning  the  right  Management  of  friendly  visits : 
preached  at  Mr.  Howe's  meeting  in  London,  1704.  8.  A 
Church  in  the  House  :  preached  at  Mr.  Shower's  meeting, 
and  published  at  the  request  of  the  congregation,  1704. 
9.  The  Communicant's  Companion ;  or,  Instructions  and 
Helps  for  the  right  receiving  of  the  Lord's  Supper,  1704. 


10.  Four  Discourses  against  Vice  and  Immorality,  viz. : 
I.  Against  Drunkenness;  II.  Against  Uncleanness;  III. 
Against  Sabbath-breaking ;  IV.  Against  Profane  Speak 
ing,  1705.  11.  Great  Britain's  present  Hopes  and  Joys 
opened,  in  two  sermons;  the  former  on  the  national 
thanksgiving-day,  December  31,  1706,  the  latter  the  day 
following,  being  New-year's  day,  Psalm  Ixv.  11.  12.  Two 
Funeral  Sermons ;  one  on  Dr.  Samuel  Benyon,  the  other 
on  the  Rev.  Mr.  Francis  Tallents,  ministers  of  the  gospel 
in  Shrewsbury,  with  an  account  of  their  lives,  1709.  13. 
A  Method  for  Prayer,  with  Scripture  Expressions  proper 
to  be  used  under  each  head,  1710.  14.  A  Sermon  con 
cerning  the  Work  and  Success  of  the  Ministry,  1710.  15. 
Disputes  Reviewed;  a  sermon  preached  at  the  evening 
lecture  on  the  Lord's  day,  from  Mark  ix.  33,  1710.  16. 
Faith  in  Christ  inferred  from  Faith  in  God;  a  sermon 
preached  on  the  Tuesday's  lecture  at  Salters'  Hall,  from 
John  xiv.  1,  1711.  17.  A  Sermon  concerning  the  For 
giveness  of  Sin  as  a  Debt,  on  Matt.  vi.  12, 1711.  18.  Hope 
and  Fear  balanced ;  in  a  lecture  at  Salters'  Hall,  July  24, 
1711.  19.  A  Sermon  preached  at  the  Funeral  of  Mr. 
Samuel  Lawrence,  minister  of  the  gospel  at  Nantwich  in 
Cheshire,  on  Phil.  ii.  27,  1712.  20.  A  Sermon  preached 
at  Salters'  Hall,  to  the  Societies  for  the  Reformation  of 
Manners,  June  30,  1712.  21.  A  Sermon  preached  at  Ha 
berdashers'  Hall,  on  the  Occasion  of  the  Death  of  the 
Reverend  Mr.  Richard  Stretton,  July  13,  1712.  22.  Di 
rections  for  Daily  Communion  with  God :  in  three  Ser 
mons  ;  shewing  how  to  begin,  how  to  spend,  and  how  to 
close,  every  day  with  God,  Sept.  8,  1712.  23.  An  Exhorta 
tion  at  the  close  of  the  Ordination  of  Mr.  Samuel  Clark  at 
St.  Alban's,  Sept.  17,  1712.  24.  Popery  a  Spiritual  Ty 
ranny  ;  shewed  in  a  Sermon  preached  on  Nov.  5,  1712. 
25.  A  Sermon  preached  at  the  ordination  of  Mr.  Atkinson, 
Jan.  27,  1713.  26.  A  Sermon  preached  on  occasion  of 
the  Funeral  of  the  Rev.  Mr.  Daniel  Burgess,  Feb.  3,  1713. 
27.  Christ's  Favour  to  little  Children  opened  and  improved  ; 
in  a  sermon  preached  at  the  public  baptizing  of  a  child  in 
London,  on  Mark  x.  16,  March  6,  1713.  28.  A  Sermon 
concerning  the  Catechizing  of  Youth ;  preached  to  Mr. 
Harris's  Catechumens,  April  7,  1713.  29.  Self-Considera 
tion  necessary  to  Self- Preservation ;  or,  The  Folly  of 
despising  our  own  Souls  and  our  own  Ways,  opened  in 
two  sermons  to  young  people,  June  14,  1713.  30.  Sober- 
mindedness  pressed  upon  Young  People;  preached  at  the 
catechistical  lecture  at  Mr.  Wilcox's  meeting-place,  and 
printed  at  the  desire  of  many  of  the  Catechumens,  most 
of  them  being  ministers'  sons,  Sept.  2,  1713.  31.  A  Me 
morial  of  the  Fire  of  the  Lord,  in  a  sermon  preached 
Sept.  2,  1713,  on  Num.  xi.  3,  being  the  day  of  remem 
brance  of  the  burning  of  London,  at  Mr.  Reynold's  meet 
ing-house.  32.  The  Pleasantness  of  a  religious  life 
opened,  proved,  and  recommended  to  the  consideration 
of  all,  and  particularly  of  young  people,  May  21,  1714. 
33.  His  Expositions  of  the  Bible;  "in  which  he  has  gone 
through  the  Old  Testament  in  four  large  volumes  folio, 
and  through  the  Evangelists  and  the  Acts  of  the  Apostles 
in  a  fifth ;  and  was  fully  bent,  if  God  had  spared  his  life, 
to  have  finished  the  whole  in  another  volume  :  but  in  that 
death  has  prevented  him."  34.  An  Account  of  the  Life 
and  Death  of  Lieutenant  Illidge,  father  to  Mr.  George 
Illidge,  of  Nantwich,  Mr.  Henry's  very  particular  friend. 
35.  A  Treatise  on  Baptism,  abridged  from  the  original 
MS.  by  Thomas  Robins,  1783. 

A  number  of  sermons  and  papers  have  been  recently 
pub.  for  the  first  time  in  the  last  collective  eds.  of  his 
Miscellaneous  Works. 

There  have  been  new  eds.  of  many  of  Henry's  works, 
and  several  collections  of  his  Miscellaneous  Writings. 
1.  Miscell.  Works,  with  Life  by  Rev.  Wm.  Tong,  Lon., 
1726,  fol.  2.  1811,  4to,  pp.  876.  3.  By  Rev.  C.  Bradley, 
1823,  12mo.  4.  With  Preface  by  Sir  John  B.  Williams, 
and  numerous  serms.  now  first  printed,  and  forty  serms. 
by  Philip  Henry,  1830,  imp.  8vo.  5.  Selections,  with 
Memoir,  2  vols.  r.  8vo.  6.  Miscell.  Works,  containing,  iu 
addit.  to  those  hitherto  pub.,  numerous  Serms.  and  Papers 
now  first  printed;  with  Funeral  Serms.  of  Tong,  Reynolds, 
and  Williams,  and  forty  serms.  by  Philip  Henry,  1855, 
2  vols.  r.  8vo,  xxiv.,  1419 ;  with  portrait.  Pub.  by  Car 
ter  &  Bros.,  N.  York.  A  reprint  of  No.  4. 

"  Very  popular;  his  style  short  and  pointed;  many  antitheses; 
a  little  fanciful :  he  makes  his  heads  begin  with  the  same  letter, 
or  some  chiming  words,  yet  oftentimes  natural.  Great  serious 
ness  ;  sprightly  thoughts,  digested  in  very  good  order.  His  style  is 
formed  on  Scripture,  and  he  has  many  beautiful  allusions  to  it." 
— DR.  DODDEIDGB. 

"  The  habit  of  sprightly  and  apt  allusion  to  Scripture  facts,  and 
the  use  of  Scripture  language,  which  Mr.  Henry  diligently  culti- 


HEN 


HEN 


vated,  has   not  only  enriched,  but  unspeakably  enlivened,  his  | 
miscellaneous  writings.  .  .  .  His   diction,  always   expressive,  is  j 
often  felicitous;  and,  though  it  makes  no  pretension  to  elegance,  ! 
is  both  nervous  and  forcible.  .  .  .  His  allusion  and  imagery,  in  like 
manner,  always  please  and  always  edify;   the  former,  because 
they  are  generally  scriptural  ;  the  latter,  because,  like  the  parables 
of  our  Lord,  they  are  derived  from  the  most  common  occurrences." 
—  SIB  J.  B.  WILLIAMS. 

Of  the  Commentary  on  the  Old  and  New  Testament 
there  have  been  many  eds.  1.  Lon.,  1710,  5  vols.  fol. 
First  collective  ed.  2.  1737,  5  vols.  fol.  3.  1761-63, 

5  vols.  fol.     4.  Edin.,  1767,  6  vols.  fol.     5.  1779,  (6  vols. 
fol.  ?)     6.  Lon.,  1792,  6  vols.  4to.    7.  Edin.,  1797,  6  vols. 
4to.     8.  Revised  ed.,  by  Rev.  Geo.  Burder  and  Rev.  Jos. 
Hughes,  with  a  Life  of  the  Author  by  Samuel  Palmer, 
Lon.  and  Edin.,   1811,  6  vols.  4to.     9.  The  same,  with  a 
Pref.  by  Archibald  Alexander,  D.D.,  Phila.,  1833,  6  vols. 
r.  8vo.   First  Amer.  ed.    10.  Stratford,  3  vols.  fol.  11.  With 
Introductory  Remarks  by  Rev.  E.  Bickersteth,  Lon.,  1827, 

6  vols.  4to.     12.  Ditto,  1827,  6  vols.  4to.     13.  Ditto,  1832, 
6  vols.  4to.     14.  Ditto,  1846,  6  vols.  4to.     15.  Ditto,  1849, 
6  vols.  4to.     16.  With  Life  of  the  author  by  Sir  J.  B.  Wil 
liams,  1828,  3  vols.   imp.   8vo.     17.  Ditto,   1849,  3  vols. 
imp.  8vo.     18.  Another  ed.,  1830.     19.  Another  ed.,  1833. 
20.  Another  ed.,  1835.     21.  Another  ed.,  1836.     22.  With 
Life  by  Rev.  H.  Davis,  1844,  6  vols.  8vo.     23.  Another  ed., 
1848-49,  3  vols.  4to.    24.  New  York,  Carter  &  Bros.,  6  vols. 
r.  8vo.     25.  Again,  by  the  same,  1855,  5  vols.  4to.     There 
are  also  —  an  Abridgment,  by  Bloomfield,  Lon.,  2  vols.  4to. 
Exposition  of  the  Book  of  Proverbs,  1840,  r.  8vo  j  of  the 
Book  of  Psalms,  1852,  p.  8vo.     The  Beauties  of  Henry  : 
a  Selection  of  the  most  striking  Passages  in  his  Exposition 
of  the  Bible,  by  J.  Geard,  1797,  12mo. 

The  London  Religious  Tract  Society  pub.,  in  1831-35, 
in  12mo  form  without  the  text,  and  in  super-roy.  8vo 
with  the  text  and  marginal  references,  a  Commentary  on 
the  Bible  from  Henry  and  Scott,  with  numerous  Notes 
and  observ.  from  other  Authors.  This  work  was  received 
•with  such  favour  that  more  than  200,000  vols.  were  sold 
by  the  end  of  the  year  1840.  We  have  already  noticed 
with  commendation  (p.  69)  the  Comprehensive  Com 
mentary  (Phila.,  6  vols.  r.  8vo)  which  is  based  principally 
upon  Henry's  Exposition. 

We  now  proceed  to  adduce  some  testimonies  to  the 
value  of  Henry's  invaluable  Commentary  upon  the  Holy 
Scriptures.  It  will  be  remembered  that  the  author  only 
lived  to  complete  his  work  to  the  end  of  the  Acts  of  the 
Apostles.  The  remaining  books  were  commented  upon, 
with  the  assistance  of  Henry's  MSS.,  by  the  following 
Dissenting  divines  : 

1.  Romans,  John  Evans.  2.  1st  Corinthians,  Simon 
Brown.  3.  2d  Corinth,  and  1st  and  2d  Thessal.,  Daniel 
Mayo.  4.  Galatians,  Joshua  Bayes.  5.  Ephesians, 
Samuel  Roswell.  6.  Philipp.  and  Coloss.,  Win.  Harris. 
7.  1st  and  2d  Timothy,  B.  A.  Atkinson.  8.  Titus  and 
Philemon,  Jeremiah  Smith.  9.  Hebrews  and  Revelation, 
Wm.  Tong.  10.  James,  Samuel  Wright.  11.  1st  Peter, 
Zechariah  Harriot.  12.  2d  Peter,  Joseph  Hill.  13.  1st,  2d, 
and  3d  John,  Thos.  Reynolds.  14.  Jude,  John  Billingsley. 

"The  continuators  are  not  all  equal  to  the  original;  which  is 
easily  accounted  for,  as  they  accommodated  themselves  to  the 
manner  of  their  predecessor,  in  which  no  man  could  excel  but 
himself."—  ORME  :  BiU.  Bib. 

"Henry  is,  perhaps,  the  only  commentator  so  large  that  de 
serves  to  be  entirely  and  attentively  read  through.  The  remark 
able  passages  should  be  marked.  There  is  much  to  be  learned  in 
a  speculative,  and  more  in  a  practical,  way."—  DR.  DODDRIDGE. 

Having  read  Henry's  Commentary  "entirely  and  atten 
tively  through,"  we  can  heartily  endorse  Dr.  Doddridge's 
commendation. 

"  There  is  no  comment  on  the  Bible,  either  ancient  or  modern, 
in  all  respects  equal  to  Mr.  Henry's."—  REV.  W.  ROMAINE. 

"The  learned  leisure  of  the  universities,  or  the  sanctioned 
names  of  dignitaries,  may  have  produced  works  which  rank  higher 
in  the  esteem  of  scholars;  but  Matthew  Henry  stands  without  a 
rival  as  an  expositor  of  Scripture  for  the  edification  of  the  Church 
of  God."—  History  of  Dissenters. 

-L.  A^v'  Hen,ry's  admirable  Commentary  on  the  Scriptures,  which 
bath  been  blessed  to  the  instruction  and  edification  of  hundreds 
of  ministers,  and  thousands  of  Christians,  for  more  than  a  cen 
tury,  still  maintains  its  reputation  above  most,  if  not  all  other 
commentaries."—  Burnftam's  Pious  Memorials. 

"As  long  as  the  Bible  continues,  in  England.  Mr.  Henry's  ad- 
WU1  **  PriZed  by  *"  8eri°US  Christians-"- 


Dr.  Adam  Clarke,  referring  to  the  many  abridgments 
of  various  commentaries,  remarks  respecting  those  from 
Henry  : 

"  Every  one  of  which,  while  professing  to  lop  off  his  redundan 
cies  and  supply  bis  deficiences,  falls,  by  a  semi-diameter  of  the 
immense  orb  of  literature  and  religion,  short  of  the  author  him 
self.  .  .  .  He  is  always  orthodox,  generally  judicious,  truly  pious 
and  practical." 


"  Nor  is  it  feeble  praise  that  the  apostolic  Whitefield,  whose 
labours  and  virtues  inspired  even  the  pen  of  Cowper,  was  trained, 
as  a  Christian  and  a  preacher,  by  Mr.  Henry's  Commentary;  that 
he  literally  studied  it  on  his  knees,  read  it  through  four  times, 
and,  to  the  close  of  life,  spoke  of  its  author  with  profound  venera 
tion,  ever  calling  him  '  the  great  Mr.  Henry.' " 
Robert  Hall  declares : 
"  I  discern  new  beauties  in  Henry  every  day." 
We  are  told  in  his  memoirs  : 

"  For  the  last  two  years  he  read  daily  two  chapters  of  Matthew 
Henry's  Commentary.  As  he  proceeded,  he  felt  increasing  in 
terest  and  pleasure  ;  admiring  the  copiousness,  variety  and  pious 
ingenuity  of  the  thoughts,  the  simplicity,  strength,  and  preg 
nancy  of  the  expressions.  He  earnestly  recommended  the  Com 
mentary  to  his  daughters;  and,  on  hearing  the  eldest  reading  for 
successive  mornings  to  the  second,  he  expressed  the  highest 
delight." 

"' '  I  have  often  read  portions  of  Henry's  Commentary,  and  con 
sulted  it;  but  I  have  now  begun  with  the  first  chapter  of  Genesis, 
and  I  mean  to  read  the  work  through  regularly.  I  have  set  my 
self,  sir,  two  chapters  every  morning,  and  I  anticipate  it  as  a 
feast.  This  is  the  way  to  read  Matthew  Henry,  sir.  I  discover 
new  beauties  in  him  every  day,  that  are  not  obvious  when  read 
ing  detached  parts.  I  would  advise  you  to  adopt  the  same 
method,  sir;  you  will  be  quite  delighted  with  it.  I  have  found 
that  the  most  pious  persons  of  my  acquaintance,  in  the  latter 
period  of  their  lives,  have  been  great  readers  of  Henry.  There 
must  be  something  next  to  inspiration  in  him,  sir;  for  as  face 
answers  to  face,  so  does  the  heart  of  one  Christian  to  another.'  I 
asked  his  opinion  of  Scott's  Commentary.  '  Oh,  it  is  a  good  work, 
sir,  but  it  is  not  to  be  compared  to  Henry ;  there  is  not  that 
unction  of  spirit  that  there  is  in  Henry.'  " — Green's  Reminiscences 
of  Robert  Hall. 

"It  would  be  almost  ill-judged  partiality  to  maintain  that  he 
equals  Dr.  Owen  in  profound  and  continuous  thinking,  or  Dr. 
Barrow  in  accuracy  and  elaboration,  or  Dr.  Bates  in  affluent 
phraseology,  or  Jeremy  Taylor  and  John  Howe  in  noble  daring 
and  seraphic  elevation.  He  belongs  to  a  totally  different  school, 
me  less  cumbrous,  less  obscure,  less  refined,  less  eloquent.  It 
is  praise  sufficient  to  claim  for  him  the  fancy  of  Quarles,  the 
affection  of  Flavel,  the  gentleness  of  Herbert,  the  good  sense  of 
Tillotson,  and  the  terse  sententiousness  and  antithetical  point  of 
Bishop  Hall."— WILLIAMS. 

"  The  Commentary  of  Matthew  Henry  has  for  above  a  century 
been  highly  prized  by  Christians  of  all  denominations ;  nor  has 
any  subsequent  one  rendered  it  less  valuable,  or  less  desirable  in 
every  Christian  library.  With  such  views  of  the  virtue  and  ex 
cellence  of  this  work,  views  which  the  writer  has  long  entertained, 
and  some  sense  of  the  benefit  which  he  trusts  that  he  has  person 
ally  derived  from  it  for  many  years,  he  has  great  pleasure  in  making 
these  introductory  remarks.  .  .  .  Very  practical  and  edifying, 
lively,  sound  and  devotional." — REV.  EDWARD  BICKERSTETH. 

"Mr.  Henry's  work  has  long  enjoyed  a  high  and  deserved  repu 
tation.  The  work  is  distinguished,  not  for  the  depth  of  its  learning 
or  the  originality  of  its  views,  but  for  the  sound  practical  piety 
and  large  measure  of  good  sense  which  it  discovers.  The  author 
was  well  acquainted  with  the  character  and  ways  of  God,  and  pro 
foundly  versant  in  the  science  of  human  nature ;  so  that  from  his 
own  experience  he  very  often  instructs  and  edifies  his  readers. 
He  often  leaves  difficulties  unremoved  and  even  unnoticed;  and 
there  is  a  peculiar  quaintness  in  the  turn  of  many  of  his  remarks, 
which  renders  his  work  somewhat  repulsive  to  persons  of  fastidious 
taste;  but  few  books  of  such  extent  on  the  Bible  contain  so  much 
writing  to  the  purpose,  or  are  so  well  fitted  to  promote  the  general 
good  of  men."— ORME  :  Bibl.  Bib. 

"  It  is  chiefly  practical;  yet,  without  any  parade  of  learning,  it 
frequently  contains  good  explanations  of  difficult  passages.  The 
numerous  editions  through  which  it  has  passed  sufficiently  attest 
the  great  estimation  in  which  it  is  held."— T.  H.  HORNE  :  Bibl.  Bib. 
"This  work  has  now  been  before  the  Christian  community  for 
more  than  a  hundred  years,  and  has,  from  its  first  publication, 
been  so  well  received,  and  is  so  generally  approved,  that  all  recom 
mendation  of  the  work  seems  now  superfluous.  .  .  .  Many  other 
valuable  commentaries,  it  is  true,  have  been  given  to  the  public 
since  this  work  was  first  edited,  and  have  deservedly  gained  for 
themselves  a  high  estimation  and  extensive  circulation.  But  it 
may  be  safely  said  that  Henry's  Exposition  of  the  Bible  has  not 
been  superseded  by  any  of  these  publications,  and,  in  those  points 
in  which  its  peculiar  excellence  consists,  remains  unrivalled.  For 
some  particular  purposes,  and  in  some  particular  respects,  other 
commentaries  may  be  preferable;  but,  taking  it  as  a  whole,  and 
as  adapted  to.  every  class  of  readers,  this  Commentary  may  be  said 
to  combine  more  excellences  than  any  work  of  the  kind  which 
was  ever  written  in  any  language.  It  may  be  more  necessary  for 
the  unlearned  to  read  such  works  as  this,  than  for  the  learned ; 
yet  I  am  persuaded  that  there  is  no  man  living,  however  learned, 
but  might  derive  much  practical  instruction  from  Henry's  Expo 
sition  of  the  Bible;  and  if  ministers  of  the  gospel  would  spend 
much  time  in  perusing  this  work,  it  would  manifest  itself  by  the 
richness  and  spirituality  of  their  sermons  and  lectures." — ARCHI 
BALD  ALEXANDER,  D.D. :  Preface  to  Henry's  Commentary. 

Henry*  Patrick,  1736-1799,  a  native  of  Hanover 
county,  Virginia,  was  a  son  of  John  Henry,  of  Aberdeen, 
Scotland,  who  was  a  cousin  to  David  Henry,  of  the  Gen 
tleman's  Magazine,  and  a  nephew  of  the  celebrated  histo 
rian,  Dr.  Robertson.  It  will  thus  be  seen  that  Patrick 
Henry  was  a  cousin  of  the  celebrated  Lord  Brougham. 
Henry  was  one  of  the  first  and  most  strenuous  advocates 
of  American  Independence,  and,  having  distinguished  him 
self  by  great  eloquence  at  the  Bar,  he  was  in  1765  elected 
a  member  of  the  House  of  Burgesses  of  Virginia,  as  an 
opponent  of  the  Stamp  Act;  in  1774  he  was  a  delegate  to 
the  first  Congress  of  the  Colonies;  in  1776  he  was  elected 


HEN 


HEN 


Governor  of  Virginia;  in  1786  he  was  a  representative  to 
the  Convention  held  at  Philadelphia  for  the  purpose  of 
revising  the  Federal  Constitution  ;  in  1794  he  retired  from 
public  life,  and  died  in  1799. 

For  further  particulars  respecting  Patrick  Henry  and 
the  extraordinary  powers  of  eloquence  for  which  he  was  so 
famous,  we  refer  the  reader  to  Wirt's  Life  of  Henry,  (first 
pub.  in  1817:)  Life,  by  Alexander  H.  Everett,  in  Sparks's 
Amer.Biog.,  Second  Series,  i.  207-398 ;  Life,  by  G.  S.Arnold, 
N.York,  1855,  16mo  ;  Speeches  of  Henry,  Ames,  Pinckney, 
<fec.,  Phila.,  Svo;  the  histories  of  the  period;  art.  in  N.  A. 
Review,  vi.  293,  by  Jared  Sparks ;  art.  on  American  Ora 
tors  and  Statesmen,  in  Lon.  Quar.  Rev.,  Ixvii.  1-53,  by  A. 
Hay  ward ;  in  South.  Lit.  Mess.,  xiii.  505,  by  E.  L.  Magoon ; 
in  Meth.  Quar.  Rev.,  i.  122 ;  in  Analec.  Mag./  vi.  376,  x. 
441;  Reminiscences  of,  by  Dr.  Archibald  Alexander,  in 
Princeton  Mag.,  and  in  Liv.  Age,  xxvi.  205. 

The  meagre  report  of  Henry's  Speeches  in  our  posses 
sion  is  of  the  most  unsatisfactory  character: 

"  They  fall,  of  course,  fur  below  his  fame;  and  it  is,  after  all,  on 
the  faith  of  mere  tradition,  attested,  however,  by  facts  too  nume 
rous  and  of  too  public  a  character  to  leave  it  in  any  way  doubtful, 
that  the  present  and  future  generations  will  acknowledge  the  jus 
tice  of  his  claim  to  the  proud  title  that  has  been  given  him  of  the 
greatest  orator  of  the  New  World.5' — ALEXANDER  H.  EVERETT  :  Life 
of  Henry. 

"  On  the  retrospect  of  so  many  years,  I  may  be  permitted  to  ex 
press  my  views  of  the  extraordinary  effects  of  Henry's  eloquence. 
.  .  .  The  power  of  Henry's  eloquence  was  due,  first,  to  the  great 
ness  of  his  emotion  and  passion,  accompanied  with  a  versatility 
•which  enabled  him  to  assume  at  once  any  emotion  or  passion  which 
•was  suited  to  his  ends.  Not  less  indispensable,  secondly,  was  a 
matchless  perfection  of  the  organs  of  expression,  including  the 
entire  apparatus  of  voice,  intonation,  pause,  gesture,  attitude,  and 
indescribable  play  of  countenance."— DR.  ARCHIBALD  ALEXANDER  : 
Reminiscences  of  Henry, 

"Every  look,  every  motion,  every  pause,  every  start,  was  com 
pletely  tilled  and  dilated  by  the  thought  which  he  was  uttering, 
and  seemed  indeed  to  form  a  part  of  the  thought  itself." — WILLIAM 
WIRT:  Life,  of  Henry. 

"The  times  in  which  he  lived  were  suited  to  his  genius;  in 
other  times  we  doubt  if  his  peculiar  powers  would  have  raised  him 
to  a  higher  distinction  than  that  of  an  eloquent  speaker  at  the 
bar.  .  .  .  The  secret  of  his  eloquence  unquestionably  rested  in  his 
power  of  touching  the  springs  of  passion  and  feeling.  He  had 
little  to  do  with  the  understanding  or  judgment  of  his  hearers." — 
JARED  SPARKS:  N.  A.  Rev.,  vi.  322;  March,  1818. 

"The  forest-born  Demosthenes." — LORD  BYRON. 

Henry,  Philip,  1631-1696,  father  of  Matthew  Henry 
the  commentator,  and  also  a  Non-conformist,  was  a  native 
of  Whitehall,  London  ;  educated  at  Christ  Church,  Oxford; 
ordained  by  the  Presbytery  in  1657,  and  became  minister 
of  Worthenbury;  ejected  at  the  Restoration,  and  lived 
in  retirement  until  the  Dissenters  were  allowed  to  preach, 
when  he  devoted  himself  with  great  zeal  to  the  instruction 
of  the  thousands  who  thronged  to  him  in  various  parts 
of  the  country  near  his  residence  at  Broad  Oak.  His  holy 
and  useful  life  has  been  admirably  described  by  his  ex 
cellent  son,  the  commentator:  see  HENRY,  MATTHEW. 
1.  18  Serms.,  selected  from  his  original  MS.,  and  2  serms. 
preached  at  his  death  by  F.  Tallents  and  M.  Henry ;  now 
first  pub.,  with  Notes  by  Sir  J.  B.  Williams,  Lon.,  1816,  8vo. 

"  The  excellency  of  these  discourses  consists  chiefly  in  the  per 
tinent  introduction  and  close  application  of  Scripture." — Lon. 
Eclectic  Review. 

2.  Skeletons  of  100  Serms.,  1834,  12mo.  3.  Exposition 
of  the  first  XL  Chapters  of  Genesis;  pub.  from  an  Original 
MS.,  1838,  18mo. 

"  A  precious  relic  of  Christian  piety  and  wisdom." — SIR  J.  B. 
WILLIAMS. 

4.  Select  Remains  of  Philip  Henry  and  Matthew  Henry, 
from  unpub.  MSS.,  by  Sir  J.  B.  Williams,  sm.  8vo.  New 
ed.,  1849,  18mo.  See  Sir  John  B.  Williams's  ed.  of  Mat 
thew  Henry's  Life  of  Philip  Henry,  with  important  addits., 
Notes,  <fcc.,  1825,  8vo. 

"The  additions  and  illustrations  sufficiently  attest  the  merits 
of  the  editor's  performance,  and  recommend  the  volume  to  the 
attention  of  our  readers  as  a  valuable  accession  to  every  library." 
—Lon.  Ecltc.  Rev.,  April,  1826. 

Also  highly  recommended  by  Robert  Hall :  see  hisWorks, 
ed.  1853,  Lon.,  v.  541.  Forty-one  Sermons,  On  What  Christ 
is  made  to  Believers,  will  be  found  appended  to  Sir  J.  B. 
Williams's  ed.  of  Matthew  Henry's  Miscellaneous  Works, 
1830,  imp.  8vo;  N.  York,  1855,  2  vols.  r.  8vo. 

"His  expounding  and  preaching  was  plain  and  pleasant,  warm 
and  savoury,  full  and  overflowing,  and  such  as  few  could  reach, 
and  greatly  blessed  by  God." — F.  TALLENTS. 

Many  of  his  extemporaneous  comments  on  portions  of 
Scripture  read  at  family  worship  will  be  found  recorded 
in  his  son's  Exposition.     A  quaint  writer,  whom  we  fre 
quently  have  occasion  to  quote,  bears  the  following  high 
testimony  to  the  pulpit  ministrations  of  Philip  Henry : 
"  Should  Angels  come  from  Heaven,  ('tis  my  sense,) 
They'd  not  be  heard  with  greater  reverence; 


All  Pulpits  own  his  learned  pieces  raise 
A  work  to  trouble  Fame,  astonish  Praise 
His  Comments  are  so  full,  and  yet  so  trim, 
We  praise  all  virtues  in  admiring  him." 

JOHN  DDNTON. 

Henry,  Robert,  D.D.,  1718-1790,  a  Scotch  Presby 
terian  divine,  a  native  of  Muirtown,  St.  Ninian's,  Stirling 
shire,  was  educated  at  the  University  of  Edinburgh,  and 
subsequently  became  master  of  the  grammar-school  of 
Annan.  He  was  licensed  to  preach  in  1746 ;  officiated  at 
Carlisle  from  1748  to  1760,  at  Berwick-upon-Tweed,  1760 
to  1763  ;  minister  of  the  Church  of  the  New  Grey-Friars, 
1763-76;  colleague-minister  in  the  old  church  1776- 
90 ;  Moderator  of  the  General  Assembly  of  the  Church 
of  Scotland,  1774.  As  an  author  he  is  most  favourably 
known  by  a  History  of  Great  Britain,  pub.  in  6  vols.  4to: 
vol.  i.,  1771;  ii.,  1774 ;  Hi.,  1777;  iv.,  1781  ;  v.,  1785 ;  vi., 
posth.,  edited  by  Laing,  with  the  Life  of  Henry  prefixed, 
1793.  The  history  embraces  the  period  from  the  first  in 
vasion  of  the  Romans  under  Julius  Caesar  to  the  death  of 
Henry  VIII.  A  French  trans,  was  pub.  in  1789-96,  by 
MM.  Rowland  and  Cantwell.  A  Continuation,  by  James 
Petit  Andrews,  from  the  death  of  Henry  VIII.  to  the  Ac 
cession  of  James  L,  was  pub.  in  1794,  4to ;  1796,  2  vols. 
8vo;  3d  ed.,  1806,  2  vols.  8vo;  2d  ed.  of  Henry's  Hist, 
1788,  10  vols.  8vo:  3d  ed.,  1796,  10  vols.  8vo;  1800,  12 
vols.  8vo;  4th  and  best  ed.,  with  a  general  index,  1805, 
12  vols,  8vo;  5th  ed.,  1814,  12  vols.  8vo;  6th  ed.,  1823, 
12  vols.  8vo;  an  indifferent  ed. 

We  have  already  noticed  the  plan  of  Henry's  History, 
the  Continuation  of  Andrews,  and  the  excellent  History 
of  England  upon  Henry's  plan,  somewhat  modified,  pub. 
by  Charles  Knight,  in  our  life  of  J.  Petit  Andrews.  Dr. 
Henry  divides  his  work  into  periods,  and  treats  of  each 
in  seven  distinct  points  of  view, — viz. :  Chap.  I.  Civil  and 
Military  History.  II.  History  of  Religion.  III.  History 
of  the  Constitution,  Government,  Laws,  and  Courts  of  Jus 
tice.  IV.  History  of  Learning,  of  Learned  Men,  and  of 
the  chief  Seminaries  of  Learning.  V.  History  of  Arts. 
VI.  History  of  Commerce,  Shipping,  Money,  <fcc.  VII. 
History  of  Manners,  Customs,  <tc. 

To  this  great  work  Henry  devoted  the  anxious  labour 
of  nearly  thirty  years;  and  he  has  certainly  accumulated 
a  vast  store  of  useful  information.  But  to  write  philoso 
phically  and  entertainingly  upon  so  many  heterogeneous 
subjects  exceeds  man's  might.  Even  when  the  scope  is 
far  less  ambitious,  the  charm  of  style  possessed  by  a  Hume, 
a  Robertson,  a  Macaulay,  a  Prescott,  or  a  Bancroft,  can 
alone  interest  the  desultory  reader  in  historical  details. 
For  all  practical  purposes,  Henry's  history  has  been  su 
perseded  by  the  noble  work  pub.  by  Charles  Knight,  Lon., 
11  vols.  r.  8vo,  (with  Index  vol.,)  1849-50,  which  we  have 
already  particularly  described  in  our  life  of  J.  Petit  An 
drews.  But  Henry's  history  (with  Andrew's  Continuation, 
14  vols.  8vo,  1805-06)  is  well  worth  the  trifling  sum  of  35 
to  40  shillings  demanded  by  the  booksellers. 

'•Too  much  cannot  be  said  of  its  arrangement,  nor  for  the  great 
store  of  valuable  materials  which  it  contains,  which  took  the  au 
thor  thirty  years  in  collecting  from  every  book  on  record  that 
related  to  the  History  of  Great  Britain,  many  of  which  few  ever 
saw,  and  fewer  would  take  the  trouble  to  investigate." — Lon.  Re 
trospective  Review. 

4i  A  work  of  no  inconsiderable  reputation,  notwithstanding  the 
nefarious  malignity  with  which  Gilbert  Stuart  endeavoured  to 
blast  the  fruit  of  the  author's  labours,  ruin  him  in  his  fortune, 
and  break  his  heart." — Lon.  Quar.  Rev, 

"Considerable  merit  in  the  execution  and  complete  originality 
in  the  plan  of  his  history." — Lord  Cockburn's  Memorials  of  his  Time. 

"The  work  of  Dr.  Henry  is  an  ornament  and  an  honour  to  his 
country." — Dibdin's  Bibliomania. 

"  But  it  is  of  HENRY'S  History  that  I  would  speak  in  the  warmest 
language  of  approbation." — Dibdin's  Lib.  Comp. 

"The  history  is  compiled  with  great  erudition  and  fidelity,  and 
the  plan  has  been  highly  extolled;  but  his  style  is  not  attractive, 
nor  has  the  capricious  taste  of  the  public  rescued  the  work  from 
neglect."— CHANCELLOR  KENT. 

"  Much  of  this  sort  of  information,  [respecting  the  early  consti 
tutional  history  of  England,]  and  of  every  other  historical  informa 
tion,  may  be  found  in  the  History  of  Dr.  Henry;  but  the  same 
facts,  when  collected  and  printed  in  a  modern  dress,  properly  ar 
ranged,  and  to  be  read  without  difficulty,  as  they  are  in  the  work 
of  Dr.  Henry,  no  longer  excite  the  same  reflection  nor  obtain  the 
same  possession  of  the  memory  which  they  do  when  seen  in  some 
thing  like  their  native  garb,  in  their  proper  place,  and  in  all  the 
simplicity,  singularity,  and  quaintness  which  belong  to  them."— 
Prof.  Smyth's  Lects.  on  Mod.  Hist. 

So  much  as  regards  the  collocation  of  records  and  em 
bodiment  of  facts ;  but  when  the  cumulative  labours  of 
the  clerk  should  be  succeeded  by  the  analytical  specula 
tions  of  the  philosopher,  we  have  the  opinion  of  an  emi 
nent  authority  of  our  own  day,  that  Dr.  Henry —  and 
especially  in  the  department  referred  to  by  Professor 
Smyth— sadly  fails : 


HEN 


HEN 


"  Those  parts  of  Henry's  history  which  profess  to  trace  the  pro 
gress  of  government  are  still  more  jejune  than  the  rest  of  his 
volumes."  —  Pref.  to  HaUam's  View  of  Europe  during  the  Middle 
Ages. 

The  base  conspiracy  of  Gilbert  Stuart  "to  blast  the 
fruit  of  Henry's  labours,  ruin  him  in  his  fortune,  and 
break  his  heart,"  referred  to  by  the  Quarterly  reviewer,  in 
a  preceding  quotation,  has  been  treated  of  at  great  length 
by  Disraeli  in  his  Calamities  of  Authors  ;  and  to  that  work 
we  must  send  the  reader  for  this  sad  story  of  fiendish  ma 
lignity  and  petty  spite.  Stuart  commenced  his  attack  on 
Henry  by  a  severe  critique  in  his  Edinburgh  Magazine 
and  Review,  (established  by  him  in  1773,)  on  a  sermon  of 
the  latter  preached  before  the  Society  for  Promoting  Chris 
tian  Knowledge,  in  1773.  As  respects  the  History,  Stuart 
remarks  in  one  of  his  letters,  dated  Dec.  13,  1773  : 

"David  Hume  wants  to  review  Henry;  but  that  task  is  so  pre 
cious  that  I  will  undertake  it  myself.  Moses,  were  he  to  ask  it  as 
a  favour,  should  not  have  it;  yea,  not  even  the  man  after  God's 
own  heart." 

The  profanity  of  this  language  is  a  fair  index  to  the 
character  of  the  man  and  the  impartiality  of  the  prospect 
ive  reviewer.  In  the  London  Monthly  Review  for  Janu 
ary,  1774,  appeared  a  review  of  Henry's  History,  and 
respecting  this  article  Stuart  remarks  : 

"  To  the  former  (the  Monthly  Review)  I  suppose  David  Hume 
has  transcribed  the  criticism  he  intended  for  us.  It  is  precious, 
and  would  divert  you.  I  keep  a  proof  of  it  in  my  cabinet  for  the 
amusement  of  friends.  This  great  philosopher  begins  to  dote."— 
4th  March,  1774. 

To  this  letter  Disraeli  appends  the  following  note  : 
"The  critique  on  Henry  in  the  Monthly  Review  was  written 
by  Hume  ;  and,  because  the  philosopher  was  candid,  he  is  here 
said  to  have  doted."  —  Calamities  of  Authors. 

But  we  agree,  with  Chambers  and  Thomson's  Diet,  of 
Eminent  Scotsmen,  (see  vol.  iii.  31,  ed.  1855,)  that  this 
was  not  the  review  which  Hume  penned.  The  article 
referred  to  by  Stuart  and  Disraeli  is  now  before  us  ;  and 
Hume  would  not  have  been  likely  to  have  remarked  that 
"  It  is  not  every  one  who  can  rise  to  the  ingenuity,  the  dignity, 
and  the  elegance,  of  a  Hume  and  a  Robertson." 

The  verdict  of  this  reviewer  —  whoever  he  may  be  —  and 
that  of  Stuart  are  indeed  sufficiently  unlike:  the  former 
admits  that 

"  Whatever  farther  defects  might  be  pointed  out  in  the  present 
performance,  it  must  be  acknowledged  that,  upon  the  whole,  it 
possesses  considerable  merit.  The  author,  indeed,  is  not  distin 
guished  by  elevation  of  genius,  by  philosophical  penetration,  or 
by  a  capacity  of  rising  to  the  highest  species  of  historical  compo 
sition  ;  but  he  possesses  a  great  share  of  good  sense,  and  his  dili 
gence  and  labour  must  have  been  uncommonly  great.  He  refers 
always  to  his  authorities.  His  style,  if  not  elegant  or  remarkably 
nervous,  is  clear,  and  for  the  most  part,  though  not  universally, 
correct.  As  a  collection  of  facts  and  materials.  Dr.  Henry's  History 
of  Great  Britain  cannot  but  be  peculiarly  useful.  It  is  a  work 
which  every  gentleman  would  wish  to  place  in  his  library,  that 
he  may  be  able  to  consult  it  on  proper  occasions."—  ion.  Month. 

But  the  implacable  Stuart  will  allow  Henry  no  merits 
whatever  : 

"  He  neither  furnishes  entertainment  nor  instruction.  Diffuse, 
vulgar,  and  ungrammatical,  he  strips  history  of  all  her  ornaments. 
As  an  antiquary,  he  wants  accuracy  and  knowledge;  and,  as  an 
historian,  he  is  destitute  of  fire,  taste,  and  sentiment.  His  work 
is  a  gazette,  in  which  we  find  actions  and  events  without  their 
causes,  and  in  which  we  meet  with  the  names,  without  the  cha 
racters.  of  personages.  He  has  amassed  all  the  refuse  and  lumber 
of  the  times  he  would  record  ----  The  mind  of  his  reader  is  affected 
with  no  agreeable  emotions  ;  it  is  awakened  only  to  disgust  and 
fatigue."—  Editi.  Rev.  and  Mag.,  i.  266-270. 

But  in  what  striking  contrast  to  this  appears  the  candid 
judgment  of  one  who  had  also,  to  some  extent,  gone  over 
the  same  ground,  and  knew  the  difficulties  of  the  path  ! 

"  His  historical  narratives  are  as  full  as  those  remote  times  seem 
to  demand,  and,  at  the  same  time,  his  inquiries  of  the  antiquarian 
kind  omit  nothing  which  can  be  an  object  of  doubt  or  curiosity. 
The  one  as  well  as  the  other  is  delineated  with  great  perspicuity, 
and  no  less  propriety,  which  are  the  true  ornaments  of  this  kind 
of  writing  ;  all  superfluous  embellishments  are  avoided  ;  and  the 
reader  will  hardly  find  in  our  language  any  performance  that 
unites  together  so  perfectly  the  two  great  points  of  entertainment 
and  instruction."—  DAVID  HOME  :  see  Chambers  and  Thomson's 
Diet,  of  Eminent  Scotsmen,  ed.  1855,  iii.  31. 

We  have  already  hinted  that  Henry  would  have  suc 
ceeded  better  had  he  attempted  less;  and  in  this  connexion 
the  following  remarks  are  not  out  of  place  : 

"DR.  JOHNSON.—  '  I  have  heard  Henry's  History  of  Great  Britain 
well  spoken  of.  I  am  told  it  is  carried  on  in  separate  divisions, 
as  the  civil  the  military,  the  religious  history.  I  wish  much  to 
have  one  branch  well  done,  and  that  is  the  history  of  the  man 
ners  of  common  life.' 

"DR.  ROBERTSON.—'  Henry  should  have  applied  his  attention  to 
that  alone,  which  is  enough  for  any  man;  and  he  might  have 
found  a  great  deal  scattered  in  various  books  had  be  read  solely 
with  that  view.  Henry  erred  in  not  selling  his  first  volume  at  a 
moderate  price  to  the  booksellers,  that  they  might  have  pushed 
him  on  till  he  had  got  reputation.  I  sold  my  History  of  Scotland 
at  a  moderate  price,  as  a  work  by  which  the  booksellers  might 


either  gain  or  not  ;  and  Cadell  has  told  me  that  Millar  and  he 
have  got  six  thousand  pounds  by  it.  I  afterwards  received  a 
much  higher  price  for  my  writings.  An  author  should  sell  his 
first  work  for  what  the  booksellers  will  give,  till  it  shall  appear 
whether  he  is  an  author  of  merit,  or,  which  is  the  same  thing  as 
to  purchase-money,  an  author  who  pleases  the  public."—  BoswdVs 
Life  of  Dr.  Johnson. 

Henry  pub.  his  vols.  at  his  own  risk,  and  no  doubt 
would  have  profited  more  by  them  had  he  enjoyed  the 
advantage  of  fair  play;  nevertheless,  he  cleared  £3300  by 
his  work,  including  the  1000  paid  him  by  Cadell  in  1786, 
and  he  was  complimented  by  a  pension  of  £100;  and 
this  was  no  contemptible  sum  in  those  times,  even  for 
thirty  years  of  literary  toil.  In  our  own  days,  indeed, 
some  eminent  historians  receive  much  more  money  for 
much  less  labour;  but  Robert  Henry,  with  all  his  merits, 
(and  these  were  neither  few  nor  inconsiderable,)  was,  as  we 
have  already  hinted,  neither  a  Macaulay  nor  a  Hallam,  a 
Prescott  nor  a  Bancroft. 

Henry,  Rev.  Robert,  LL.D.,  1792-1856,  a  native  of 
Charleston,  S.C.,  Pres.  of  the  College  of  S.  Carolina,  1834- 
35,  and  1840-43,  filled  in  succession,  in  that  institution, 
the  Chairs  of  Logic  and  Moral  Philosophy,  of  Metaphy 
sics,  Moral  and  Political  Philosophy,  Metaphysics  and 
Belles-Lettres,  and  of  the  Greek  Language  and  Litera 
ture.  The  last-named  professorship  is  now  (1856)  held 
by  Dr.  Henry.  He  has  pub.  several  serms.,  Eulogies  on 
Prof.  Smith,  President  Maxcy,  and  John  C.  Calhoun,  and 
contributed  several  papers  to  the  Southern  Review. 

Henry,  Thomas,  apothecary  of  Manchester,  pub.  a 
number  of  medical,  chemical,  and  other  works,  1773-83. 

Henry,  Thomas  Charlton,  D.D.,  1790-1827,  eldest 
son  of  Alexander  Henry,  of  Philadelphia,  (for  many 
years  President  of  the  American  Sunday-School  Union,) 
graduated,  in  1814,  at  Middlebury  College,  and,  after  a 
course  of  theological  study  at  Princeton,  was  ordained  to 
the  ministry  in  1816.  In  1818  he  became  pastor  of  the 
Presbyterian  Church  in  Columbia,  S.C.,  where  he  laboured 
with  great  zeal  and  success  for  a  period  of  five  years.  In 
Jan.  1824  he  accepted  a  call  to  the  Second  Presbyterian 
Church  of  Charleston,  S.C.,  and  carried  into  this  new 
field  that  spirit  of  earnest  devotion  which  had  marked  his 
course  from  his  first  entrance  into  the  ministry.  In  1826 
he  was  obliged  by  the  failure  of  his  health  to  seek  the 
benefit  of  a  foreign  climate;  and  he  accordingly  spent  six 
months  in  France  and  Great  Britain,  eliciting  "  golden 
opinions"  on  every  side  by  his  extensive  scholarship, 
refined  taste,  and  fervent  piety.  On  the  1st  of  October, 
1827,  he  was  attacked  by  the  yellow  fever,  then  prevalent 
in  Charleston,  and  died  after  an  illness  of  four  days. 

Dr.  Henry  was  the  author  of  three  valuable  works, 
v?z.  :  —  1.  An  Inquiry  into  the  Consistency  of  Popular 
Amusements  with  a  Profession  of  Christianity,  Charleston, 
1825.  2.  Moral  Etchings  from  the  Religious  World,  1828, 
8vo.  3.  Letters  to  an  Anxious  Inquirer;  designed  to 
relieve  the  difficulties  of  a  Friend  under  Serious  Impres 
sions,  1828,  12mo.  Pub.  in  Lon.,  1829,  12mo;  with  a 
Memoir  of  the  Author  by  Rev.  Thos.  Lewis,  and  a  Pre 
face  by  John  Pye  Smith,  D.D.  This  excellent  work  hag 
passed  through  many  eds.  in  England  and  America,  and 
is  undoubtedly  one  of  the  very  best  treatises  that  can  be 
placed  in  the  hands  of  an  "anxious  inquirer."  We  quote 
a  brief  extract  from  a  highly  eulogistic  review  by  an 
eminent  authority  : 

"  In  the  present  age  there  has  no  work  appeared,  perhaps,  of 
greater  interest  upon  the  subject  of  experimental  religion,  than 
the  Letters  which  we  now  take  leave  to  introduce  to  the  attention 
of  our  readers.  They  are  the  production  of  a  master-mind,  deeply 
read  in  the  Scriptures,  in  the  knowledge  of  the  human  heart,  and 
in  the  phenomena  of  Christian  experience.  ...  Dr.  Smith's  pre 
face  must  tend  to  secure  the  attention  of  the  public  to  a  work 
which  must  very  soon  speak  for  itself  in  every  Christian  circle 
throughout  the  land."  —  Lon.  Evangelical  May.,  April,  1829. 

Another  authority  remarks  of  this  work: 

"  It  will  be  found  a  treasure  to  the  Anxious  Inquirer;  and  we 
hope  many  of  our  more  advanced  readers  who  watch  over  the  first 
impressions  of  their  younger  friends  will  avail  themselves  of  the 
powerful  aid  of  this  admirable  treatise."  —  Lon.  Evangelical  JKe- 
gister. 

"  A  valuable  work."  —  Lowndes's  Brit.  Lib. 

Henry,  Capt.  W.  S.  Campaign  Sketches  of  the 
War  with  Mexico,  N.  York,  12mo. 

Henry,  Walter,  Surgeon  R.  A.  Events  of  a  Mili 
tary  Life  in  the  Peninsula,  Ac.  ;  2d  ed.,  1843,  2  vols.  cr.  8vo. 

"  A  perusal  so  amused  us  that  we  must  invite  our  readers  to  a 
participation  in  the  '  feast  of  reason.'  "  —  Lon.  Quar.  Rev. 

"The  storming  of  Badajoz  has  been  frequently  described  by 
those  present  at  that  tremendous  conflict;  but  we  do  not  remem 
ber  having  heard  any  thing  of  it  so  powerfully  affecting  as  Mr. 
j  Henry's  account."  —  Lon.  Literary  Gazette. 

Henry,  Win.,  D.D.,  Rector  of  Urney,  and  Dean  of 
I  Killaloe.  Serms.,  &c.,  1749-62. 


HEN 

Henry,  Wm.,  of  Lancaster,  Pa.  Descrip.  of  a  Self-  ' 
moving  or  Sentinel  Register;  Trans.  Amer.  Soc.,  i.  350. 

Henry,  Wm.,  M.D.,  1775-1836,  a  son  of   Thomas 
Henry,  of  Manchester,  (ante.)     1.  General  View  of  Che 
mistry,  Lon.,  1799,  12mo.     2.  Epitome  of  Chemistry,  1800, 
12mo;  Edin.,  1806,  8vo;  6th  ed.,  entitled  Elements  of  Ex 
perimental  Chemistry,  Lon.,  1810,  2  vols.  8vo;  1815,  2vols.  , 
8vo.      3.  Dissert.  Cheinico-Medica,  &c.,  Ediu.,  1807,  8vo. 
Dr.  Henry  pub.  many  profess,  papers  in  Phil.  Trans.,  Nic.  [ 
Jour.,  Medico-Chirurg.  Trans.,  and  Thorn.  Ann.  Philos.,  j 
1797-1813,  and  wrote  sketches  of  Priestley,  Davy,  and 
Wollaston,  which  have  been  greatly  admired. 

Henryson,  Edward.  1.  Com.  in  Tit.  x.  lib.  secundi 
Institutionum,  Par.,  1556,  8vo.  2.  Pro  Eguinardo  Barone 
adversus  Goveanum  do  Jurisdiction,  libri  duo,  Par.,  1655, 
8vo. 

Henryson,  Edward,  LL.D.  The  Actis  and  Con- 
stitutiouns  of  the  Realme  of  Scotland,  Edin.,  1566,  fol. 

Henryson,  or  Henderson,  Robert,  a  poet  of  the 
15th  century,  chief-schoolmaster  of  Dunfermline,  Scot 
land.  1.  The  Traitie  of  Orpheus  Kyng,  Edin.,  1508. 
Printed  by  Chapman  and  Millar.  2.  The  Testament  of 
Cressid,  Edin.,  1593,  4to.  This  poem  is  a  sequel  to 
Chaucer's  Troilus  and  Creseide,  and  is  printed  in  some 
eds.  of  that  poet's  works.  3.  Fabils,  1621;  thirteen  in 
number.  Printed  by  Andrew  Hart.  There  were  several 
earlier  eds.  Reprinted  for  the  Bannatyne  Club  in  1832. 
One  of  the  best  of  the  fables  is  the  Vpoulands  Mouse 
and  the  Burgesse  Mouse.  But  the  most  beautiful  of  all 
his  productions  is  Robene  and  Makyne,  alleged  to  be  the 
earliest  specimen  of  pastoral  poetry  in  the  Scottish  lan 
guage.  This  poem,  with  the  Testament  of  Cressid,  was 
printed  (sixty-five  copies)  for  the  Bannatyne  Club,  by 
George  Chalmers,  in  1824,  4to,  £3  13s.  6rf.  Specimens 
of  Henryson's  poetry  will  be  found  in  the  collections  of 
Hailes,  Pinkerton,  Ramsay,  Sibbald,  Irving,  and  Ellis. 

"  The  various  works  of  Henryson  afford  so  excellent  a  specimen 
of  the  Scottish  language  and  versification,  that  a  complete  col 
lection,  printed  with  due  accuracy  and  accompanied  with  proper 
illustrations,  could  not  fail  to  be  highly  acceptable  to  the  lovers 
of  our  early  literature." — DR.  DAVID  IRVING:  see  his  Lives  of  the 
Scottish  Poets,  and  his  article  on  Henryson  in  the  Encyc.  Brit, 
and  references  there  subjoined. 

Henshall,  Samuel,  d.  1807,  Rector  of  St.  Mary, 
Stratford-Bow,  Essex.  1.  Specimens  and  Parts :  Hist,  of 
KeUt,  Ac.,  L6n.,  1793,  '98,  4to.  2.  Saxon  and  English 
Languages,  1798,  4to.  3.  Domesday-Book;  trans.,  with 
Introduc.  Notes  and  Illust.  of  S.  Henshall  and  John  Wil 
kinson,  1799,  4to.  To  this  should  be  added  the  recently- 
made  Index. 

"  This  most  ancient  record  in  the  kingdom  is  the  register  from 
which  judgment  was  to  be  given  upon  the  value,  tenure,  and 
services  of  the  lands  therein  described,  and  was  made  from  the 
survey  ordered  by  William  the  Conqueror.  'IT  is  STYLED  BY 

HUME    THE    MOST  VALUABLE    PIECE    OF  ANTIQUITY   POSSESSED  BY   ANY 
NATION.'  " 

Respecting  Domesday-Book,  see  Marvin's  Leg.  Bibl., 
271-273,  and  works  there  referred  to.  4.  Serm.,  1805.  5. 
Etymological  Organic  Reasoner,  <Sbc.,  1807,  No.  1. 

ilenshaw,  David,  1790-1852,  a  native  of  Leicester, 
Mass. ;  Collector  of  the  Port  of  Boston,  1830-38 ;  nomi 
nated  Secretary  of  the  Navy  by  President  Tyler  in  1843, 
but  not  confirmed  by  the  Senate.  He  was  a  frequent  con 
tributor  to  the  columns  of  the  Boston  Post,  and  to  other 
periodicals.  , 

Henshaw,  J.  Sidney,  changed  from  J.  Henshaw 
Belcher,  by  the  Penn.  Legislature,  in  1845,  b.  Bos 
ton,  1814,  descended  from  the  Colonial  Governor,  Jona 
than  Belcher.  1.  Philosophy  of  Human  Progress,  1835. 

2.  Incitements  to  Moral  and  Intellectual  Well-doing,  1836. 

3.  Round  the  World,  1840,  2  vols.;  2d  ed.,  1846.     4.  Life 
of  Father   Mathew,  1847, 18mo.     5.  U.S.  Manual  for  Con 
suls,  1849,  18mo,  <fcc. 

Henshaw,  John  Prentis  Kewley,  D.D.,  d.  1852, 
a  native  of  Middletown,  Conn.,  for  many  years  Rector  of 
St.  Peter's  Church,  Baltimore,  was  consecrated  Bishop  of 
Rhode  Island  in  1843.  1.  On  Confirmation,  Bait.  2.  Se 
lection  of  Hymns.  3.  Lects.  on  the  Advent.  4.  Theology 
for  the  People  of  Baltimore,  1840,  8vo. 

"  Sound  and  practical." — Bicker  steWs  C.  S. 

See  a  review  of  the  Life  and  Character  of  Bishop  Hen 
shaw,  in  N.  York  Church  Review,  v.  397. 

Henshaw,  Joseph,  D.D.,  d.  1678,  Preb.  of  Peterbo 
rough,  Dean  of  Chichester,  1660;  Bishop  of  Peterborough, 
1663.  1.  Horae  Succissivao,  Lon.,  1631,  8vo;  2d  and  3d 
eds.,  same  year;  5th  ed.,  1640,  12mo;  7th  ed.,  1661,  12mo. 
New  ed.,  by  Wm.  Turnbull,  1839, 18mo.  2.  Dayly  Thoughts; 
3d  ed.,  1651,  8vo.  New  ed.,  with  a  third  part  by  Bishop 
Kidder,  1841,  18mo. 


HER 

Henshaw,  Nathaniel,  M.D.     Aero-Chalinos ;  or,  A 
Register  for  the  Air,  Dubl.,  1644;  Lon.,  1677,  12mo. 
Henshaw,  Thomas.   May-Dew  ;  Phil.  Trans.,  1665. 
Heushon,  Gravenor.      The   Civil,   Political,   and 
Mechanical  Hist,  of  the  Framework  Knitters  in  Europe 
and  America,  Notting.,  1831,  8vo;  all  pub. 

"This,  though  in  several  respects  a  shallow  and  prejudiced,  is, 
on  the  whole,  a  curious  and  interesting,  work ;  and  it  is  to  be  re 
gretted  that  it  was  not  finished."— Mcddloch's  Lit.  of  Polit.  Econ. 
Henslow,  Rev.  John  Stevens,  M.A.,  Prof,  of  Bo 
tany  in  the  Univ.  of  Cambridge.  1.  Principles  of  Descrip. 
and  Physiog.  Botany,  Lon.,  1835,  fp.  8vo ;  1841,  fp.  8vo. 
2.  Letters  to  the  Farmers  of  Suffolk,  1843,  8vo.  3.  Books 
of  Moses,  adapted  to  Young  Persons,  1848,  12mo.  4. 
Papers  in  Ann.  of  Philos.,  Trans.  Brit.  Assoc,  <fec.  See  a 
biographical  sketch  of  Prof.  H.  in  Knight's  Eng.  Cyc., 
Biog.,  vol.  vi.,  Supp. 

Henslowe,  William  Henry,  Curate  of  West  Til 
bury,  Essex.  1.  Eight  Serms.,  Lon.,  1836,  Svo.  2.  Pho- 
narthron ;  or,  Sounds  of  Speech,  1841,  r.  Svo. 

Hentz,  Mrs.  Caroline  Lee,  d.  Feb.  11,  1856,  at 
Marianna,  Florida,  was  a  native  of  Lancaster,  Mass.,  a 
daughter  of  General  John  Whiting,  and  a  sister  of  Gene 
ral  Henry  Whiting,  U.S.  Army.  In  1825  Miss  Whiting 
was  married  to  Professor  N.  M.  Hentz.  Mrs.  Hentz  was  a 
voluminous  contributor,  both  of  prose  and  poetry,  to  the 
periodicals  of  the  day;  and  many  of  her  tales  have  been 
collected  into  volumes,  which  proved  so  popular  that  93,000 
were  sold  in  America  in  the  course  of  three  years.  In 
addition  to  the  works  included  in  the  following  list,  she 
has  written  De  Lara,  or  the  Moorish  Bride,  a  Tragedy, 
which  gained  a  prize  of  $500,  (pub.  in  book  form;)  La- 
morah,  or  The  Western  Wild,  a  Tragedy,  (pub.  in  a  news 
paper  at  Columbus,  Georgia ;)  Constance  of  Werdenberg, 
a  Tragedy,  (unpub.;)  Human  and  Divine  Philosophy,  a 
poem;  and  other  poetical  pieces.  1.  Aunt  Patty's  Scrap 
Bag,  1846.  2.  The  Mob  Cap,  and  other  Tales,  1848.  3. 
Linda;  or,  the  Young  Pilot  of  the  Belle  Creole,  1850.  4. 
Rena;  or,  the  Snow  Bird,  1851.  5.  Marcus  Warland;  or, 
the  Long  Moss  Spring,  1852.  6.  Eoline;  or,  Magnolia  Vale, 
1852.  7.  Wild  Jack ;  or,  The  Stolen  Child,  1853.  8.  Helen 
and  Arthur;  or,  Miss  Thusa's  Spinning  Wheel,  1853.  9. 
Ugly  Effie;  or,  The  Neglected  One  and  the  Beauty,  1853. 
10.  The  Planter's  Northern  Bride,  1854.  11.  Love  after 
Marriage;  and  other  Stories.  12.  The  Banished  Son  ;  and 
other  Stories.  13.  The  Victim  of  Excitement;  the  Parlour 
Serpent ;  and  other  Novelettes.  14.  The  Flowers  of  Elo 
cution  ;  a  Class-Book,  1855.  15.  Robert  Graham. ;  a  sequel 
to  Linda,  1856.  16.  Ernest  Linwood,  1856.  An  interest 
ing  sketch  of  Mrs.  Hentz,  by  Madame  Octavia  Walton  Le 
Vert,  of  Mobile,  will  be  found  in  Professor  Hart's  Female 
Prose  Writers  of  America. 

Henville,  Philip.     Serms.,  &a.,  Lon.,  1799,  1800. 
Hepburn,   George.      Tarrugo   Unmasked;   or,  An 
Answer  to  Apollo  Mathematicus,  Edin.,  1698,  4to. 

Hepburn,  George  Buchan.  General  View  of  the 
Agricult,  Ac.  of  Mid-Lothian,  Lon.,  1794,  4to. 

"  Always  reckoned  one  of  the  best  of  the  many  county  views  that 
were  received  by  the  Board  of  Agriculture." — Donaldson's  Ag.  Biog. 
Hepburn,  James  Bonaventura,  1573-1620?  a 
native  of  Hamstocks,  Haddingtonshire,  Scotland,  was  ce 
lebrated  for  his  knowledge  of  tongues.  It  is  declared  that 
he  was  acquainted  with  seventy-two  languages  !  He  pub. 
a  Hebrew  and  Chaldaic  Dictionary,  and  an  Arabic  Gram 
mar,  Rome,  1591,  4to,  and  left  some  MS.  trans,  from  the 
Hebrew.  See  Chambers  and  Thomson's  Biog.  Diet,  of 
Eminent  Scotsmen,  and  authorities  there  quoted. 

Hepburn,  John.  The  American  Defence  of  The 
Christian  Golden  Rule,  1715,  Svo. 

Hepburn,  Robert,  a  native  of  Scotland,  b.  1690. 
1.  Demonstratio  quod  Deus  sit,  Edin.,  1714,  8vo.  2.  Dis 
sert,  de  Scriptis  Pitcarnianis,  1715,  Svo.  In  1711  he  began 
the  publication  of  a  periodical  paper,  of  which  30  Nos. 
were  pub.,  entitled  The  Tatler,  by  Donald  Macstaff  of  the 
North.  Lord  Hailes  styles  Hepburn 

"Ingenii  precocis  et  prrefervidi."  See  Tytler's  Life  of  Lord 
Kames. 

Hepwith,  John.  The  Caledonian  Forest,  Lon.,  1641, 
4to.  A  poetical  tract  of  14  leaves  on  some  political  cha 
racters  of  the  day. 

Herapath,  Edwin  John  Moore,  b.  1822,  a  bar 
rister,  a  son  of  John  Herapath,  is  the  editor  of  a  work  on 
Railway  Law,  and  of  Herapath's  Journal. 

Herapath,  John,  b.  in  Bristol,  England,  1793,  ia 
author  of  a  very  valuable  work  on  Mathematical  Physics, 
Lon.,  1847,  2  vols.  8vo,  still  (1856)  in  progress  of  publi 
cation  ;  and  of  various  treatises  on  physics  and  mathema 
tics,  experiments  on  Four  and  Six  Wheel  Locomotives,  Ac. ; 


HER 


HER 


also  editor  of  the  Railway  Magazine,  and  of  Herapath's  I 
Railway  Journal  from  1838  to  the  present  time. 

Herapath,  Thornton  John,  b.  in  Bristol,  England, 
1830,  a  son  of  William  Herapath  Thornton,  is  author  of  I 
numerous  memoirs  on  chemical  subjects. 

Herapath,  William,  b.  in  Bristol,  England,  1796, 
an  eminent  chemist  and  toxicologist,  is  author  of  several 
memoirs  and  reports  on  chemical  subjects. 

Herapath,  William  Bird,  M.D.,  b.  in  Bristol,  Eng 
land,  a  son  of  William  Herapath,  is  author  of  several  me 
moirs  on  medical  subjects. 

Herard,  Moses.  His  Pleadings  in  the  Duke  of  Ma- 
zarin's  Case,  Lon.,  1699,  8vo. 

Heraud,J.A.  1.  Stamp  Tables,  Lon.,  1798,  4to.  2. 
Stamp  Laws,  1801,  8vo.  Supp.,  1801,  8vo.  3.  Stamp  Laws 
and  Duties,  1824,  8vo. 

Hera ud,  John  Abraham.  1.  Descent  into  Hell; 
and  other  Poems,  Lon.,  12mo.  2.  Judgment  of  the  Flood ; 
a  Poem,  imp.  8vo.  3.  Legend  of  St.  Loy ;  and  other  Poems, 
8vo.  4.  Voyages  up  the  Mediterranean  and  other  Seas, 
p.  8vo.  See  Church  of  Eng.  Quar.  Rev. ;  Lon.  Naval  and 
Military  Gazette.  5.  Salavera:  a  Tragedy.  6.  The  Two 
Brothers.  7.  Videna;  a  Tragedy,  8vo.  See  Powell's  Liv 
ing  Authors  of  England,  N.York,  1849;  Dr.  Shelton  Mac 
kenzie's  ed.  of  Noctes  Ambrosianae,  1855,  iii.  459, 

Herbert,  Mr.  The  Spanish  Outlaw;  a  Nov.,  1807,  4 
vols. 

Herbert,  Hon.  Algernon,  1792-1855,  sixth  and 
youngest  son  of  Henry,  Earl  of  Carnarvon,  and  Elizabeth 
Alicia  Maria,  daughter  of  Charles,  Eurl  of  Egremont,  was 
educated  at  Eton,  at  Christ  Church,  and  at  Exeter  College, 
and  in  1815  became  Fellow  of  Merton  College,  Oxford.  In 
1815  he  was  called  to  the  Bar  by  the  Hon.  Society  of  the 
Middle  Temple.  1.  Nimrod;  a  Discourse  upon  Certain 
Passages  of  History  and  Fable,  Part  1,  1826,  8vo,  pp.  650. 
Remodelled,  1828,2  vols.  8vo;  vol.  iii.,  1828,  8vo;  vol.  iv., 
Pt.  1,  1829 ;  vol.  iv.  Pt  2,  1830.  A  work  of  great  learn 
ing.  2.  Britannia  after  the  Romans,  1836-41,  2  vols.  4to. 
3.  An  Essay  on  the  Neo-Druidic  Heresy.  4.  Nennius :  the 
Irish  Version  of  the  Historia  Britonum,  with  an  Intro 
duction  and  Notes,  1848,  4to.  For  the  Irish  Archaeological 
Society.  5.  Cyclops  Christianus  :  an  Argument  to  disprove 
the  supposed  Antiquity  of  Stonehenge,  and  other  Mega- 
lithic  erections  in  England  and  Britanny,  1849,  8vo. 

"  Mr.  Herbert  was  a  man  of  extraordinary  learning  and  very 
acute  understanding,  and  certainly  the  foremost  writer  in  that 
line  of  research  in  which  he  was  engaged." — Lon.  Gent.  Mag.,  Dec. 
1855,  where  see  a  biographical  sketch  of  this  eminent  scholar. 

Herbert,  Arthur,  Earl  of  Torringdon.  1.  A  Plain 
Relation  of  the  Action  at  Sea,  between  his  Fleet  and 
the  French,  from  June  22  to  July  5,  Lon.,  1690,  4to.  2. 
An  Impartial  Account  of  some  remarkable  Passages  in 
his  Life,  1691,  4to. 

Herbert,  Caroline.  Human  Life  with  variations; 
or,  The  Chapter  of  Accidents,  1818,  12mo. 

Herbert,  Charles.  The  Introduc.  to  the  Dutch 
Jurisprudence  of  Hugo  Grotius ;  now  first  rendered  into 
English,  Lon.,  8vo. 

Herbert,  Lord  Edward,  of  Cherbury,  in  Shrop 
shire,  1581-1648,  the  descendant  of  a  very  ancient  family, 
which  even  to  the  present  time  (1856)  adorns  the  Republic 
of  Letters,  was  born  at  Montgomery  Castle,  in  Wales,  edu 
cated  at  University  College,  London,  and  subsequently 
distinguished  himself  as  a  soldier  on  the  continent,  an 
ambassador  in  France,  and  an  author  abroad  and  at  home. 
1.  De  Veritate,  prout  distinguitur  a  Revelatione  Veri- 
simili,  Possibili,  et  a  Falso,  Paris,  1624 ;  Lon.,  1633,  4to. 
Cui  operi  additi  sunt  duo  alii  tractatus:  primus  de  causis 
errorum;  alter  de  Religione  Laici,  Lou.,  1645,  4to ;  1656, 
12mo.  2.  De  Religione  Gentilium;  Errorumque  apud  eos 
Causis,  Amst,  1663,  4to;  1700,  8vo.  In  English,  Lon., 
1705,  8vo.  In  his  De  Veritate  and  De  Religione  Gentilium 
"  His  lordship  seems  to  have  been  one  of  the  first  that  formed 
Deism  into  a  system,  and  asserted  the  sufficiency,  universality, 
and  absolute  perfection  of  natural  religion,  with  a  view  to  discard 
all  extraordinary  revelation  as  useless  and  needless.  He  seems  to 
assume  to  himself  the  glory  of  having  accomplished  it  with  great 
labour  and  a  diligent  inspection  into  all  religions,  and  applauds 
himself  for  it  as  happier  than  any  Archimedes."— Stand's  Deist- 
ical  Writers. 

"  Lord  Herbert  of  Cherbury,  in  his  treatise  De  Veritate,  and  still 
more  in  that  De  Religione  Gentilium,  has  been  justly  deemed 
inimical  to  every  positive  religion.  He  admits,  indeed,  the  possi 
bility  of  immediate  revelation  from  heaven,  but  denies  that  any 
tradition  from  others  can  have  sufficient  certainty,  five  funda 
mental  truths  of  natural  religion  he  holds  to  be  such  as  all  man 
kind  are  bound  to  acknowledge,  and  damns  those  heathens  who 
do  not  receive  them  as  summarily  as  any  theologian."— Hallam's 
Lit.  Hist,  of  Europe. 

Yet  it  has  been  observed  of  De  Veritate,  that,  although 
written  to  disprove  the  truth  of  the  Scriptures,  it  is 


"  A  book  so  strongly  ernbued  with  the  light  of  revelation  rela 
tive  to  the  moral  virtues  and  a  future  life,  that  no  man  ignorant 
of  the  Scriptures  or  of  the  knowledge  derived  from  them  could 
have  written  it."— Editor  of  4th  ed.  of  Lord  Herbert's  Life. 

It  is  certainly  not  a  little  curious  that  his  lordship 
should  have  sought — and,  according  to  his  own  account, 
have  received — a  revelation  from  heaven  to  encourage  the 
publication  of  his  work  in  disproof  of  Revelation !  He 
"  asked  for  a  sign,"  and  was  answered — he  assures  us — by 
"a  loud,  though  yet  gentle,  noise  from  the  heavens." 

'•There is  no  stronger  characteristic  of  human  nature  than  its 
being  open  to  the  grossest  contradictions.  One  of  Lord  Herbert's 
chief  arguments  against  revealed  religion  is  the  improbability  that 
heaven  should  reveal  its  will  to  only  a  portion  of  the  earth,  which 
he  terms  particular  religion.  How  could  a  man  (supposing  the 
accident  genuine)  who  doubted  of  partial,  believe  individual,  reve 
lation  f  What  vanity,  to  think  his  Look  of  such  importance  to  the 
cause  of  truth,  that  it  could  extort  a  declaration  of  the  Divine  will, 
when  the  interests  of  half  mankind  could  not." — HORACE  WALPOLE  : 
R.  and  N.  Authors. 

Lord  Herbert's  arguments  against  Revelation  have  been 
answered  by  Gassendi,  Baxter,  Locke,  Leland,  Halyburton, 
Bishop  Van  Mildert,  Kortholt,  <fcc.  The  work  of  the  last- 
named  is  entitled  De  tribus  Impostoribus  magnis  Liber, 
Kiloni,  1680,  Svo;  Hamburg,  1701,  4to. 

'•In  this  treatise  the  principles  of  the  three  great  deistical  lead 
ers,  Herbert,  Hobbes,  and  Spinosa.  are  thoroughly  exposed;  copious 
quotations  are  given  from  their  writings;  and  the  authors  are 
exhibited  iu  their  true  light  as  wilful  deceivers."— BISHOP  VAN 
MILDERT. 

But  see  Leland's  Deistical  Writers. 

3.  History  of  the  Life  and  Reign  of  Henry  VIII.  of 
England,  Lon.,  1649,  '72, '82,  fol.     In  Rennet's  Collec.,  ii. 
p.  1,  1706.     Also  reprinted  by  Horace  Walpole,  1770,  4to. 
An  excellent  work. 

An  eminent  authority,  after  enumerating  a  number  of 
works  upon  this  period,  remarks : 

"Above  all,  Edward,  Lord  Herbert,  of  Cherbury,  may  be  truly 
said  to  have  written  the  life  and  reign  of  King  Henry  the  Eighth ; 
having  acquitted  himself  with  the  like  reputation  as  the  Lord- 
Chancellor  Bacon  gained  by  that  of  Henry  the  Seventh.  For,  in 
the  politic  and  martial  part  this  honourable  author  has  been  ad 
mirably  particular  and  exact,  from  the  best  records  that  were 
extant;  though,  as  to  the  ecclesiastical,  he  seems  to  have  looked 
upon  it  as  a  thing  out  of  his  province,  and  an  undertaking  more 
proper  for  men  of  another  profession." — BISHOP  NICOLSON  :  Eng. 
Hist.  Lib. 

"  To  this  it  may  be  added  that  he  throws  considerable  light  upon 
our  legal  history.  .  .  .  The  chief  error  in  this  production  is,  that 
the  noble  historian  is  too  favourably  disposed  towards  his  hero, 
and  treats  with  too  lenient  and  palliating  a  hand  the  cruelties  and 
vices  of  that  monarch.  In  other  respects  the  Life  of  Henry  VIII. 
is  a  highly  valuable  work,  and  contains  much  information  which 
is  not  to  be  had  elsewhere." — Lon.  Retrospec.  Rev.,  vii.  329,  1823. 

"  His  reign  of  Henry  the  Eighth  is  allowed  to  be  a  masterpiece 
of  historic  biography." — HORACE  WALPOLE  :  Advert,  to  the  Life  of 
Lord  Herbert. 

"  Has  ever  been  esteemed  one  of  the  best  histories  in  the  English 
language;  but  there  is  not  in  it  that  perfect  candour  which  one 
would  wish,  or  expect  to  see,  in  so  celebrated  a  historian.  He  has 
given  us  a  much  juster  portrait  of  himself  than  he  has  of  Henry. 
He  appears  to  have  laid  open  every  foible  or  defect  in  his  own  cha 
racter,  but  has  cast  the.  monstrous  vices  of  that  merciless  tyrant 
into  shade,  and  has  displayed  to  great  advantage  his  gallantry, 
magnificence,  and  generosity." — Granger's  Biog.  Hist  of  Eng. 

"A  book  of  good  authority,  relatively  at  least  to  any  that  pre 
ceded,  and  written  in  a  manly  and  judicious  spirit." — Hallam's 
Lit.  Hist,  of  Europe. 

"  Lord  Herbert's  Henry  the  8th  well  deserves  reading;  he  was 
a  free-thinker  and  a  free  writer,  his  information  was  good,  and  the 
era  particularly  interesting."— RICHARD  FARMER,  D.D. 

4.  Expeditio  Buckinghami  Ducis  in  Reaminsulam,  anno 
1630,   ed.    Timoth.    Baldwin,   1656,  8vo.      5.  Occasional 
Verses,  1665,  8vo,  pp.  104,  pub.  by  his  son,  Henry  Herbert, 
and  dedicated  to  Edward,  Lord  Herbert,  his  (the  author's) 
grandson.     An  extremely  rare  vol.      Bibl.  Anglo-Poet., 
376,  £15.     Sotheby's,  in  1825,  £5  5*.     Bindley,  Pt.  2,  658, 
£6  18s. 

"  His  lordship's  scarce  volume  of  Occasional  Poems  consists 
chiefly  of  metaphysical  love-verses ;  ingenious,  but  unnatural ; 
platonic  in  sentiment,  but  frequently  gross  in  expression ;  and 
marked  by  an  eccentricity  which  pervaded  the  life  and  character 
of  Lord  Herbert.  Two  short  effusions,  however,  may  not  be  un 
acceptable." — Park's  Walpole's  R.  and  N.  Authors. 

The  critic  quotes — To  A  Young  Pale  Beauty,  and  To  His 
Watch,  When  He  Could  Not  Sleep. 

"  Like  his  brother,  George  Herbert,  whose  poems  we  noticed  in 
a  former  volume,  Lord  Herbert  is  often  both  rugged  and  obscure 
in  his  verses.  The  sword  was  much  better  suited  to  his  hand 
than  the  lyre ;  and  we  shall  not,  therefore,  at  present,  favour  the 
reader  with  any  specimens  of  his  verses."— Lon.  Retrospective  Rev., 
vii.  330,  1823. 

"  Others  of  his  poems  are  dispersed  among  the  works  of  other 
authors,  particularly  in  Joshua  Sylvester's  Lachrymse  Lachryma- 
rum;  or,  The  Spirit  of  Tears  distilled  for  the  untimely  Death  of 
Prince  Henry,  London,  1613,  4to."— HORACE  WALPOLE:  R.  and  N. 
Authors.  And  see  Bliss's  Wood's  Athen.  Oxon.,  iii.  242. 

6.  The   British   Princes;  an  Heroic   Poem,  1669,  8vo. 

7.  A  Dialogue  between  a  Tutor  and  his  Pupil,  1768,  4to. 

8.  Life  of  Lord  Herbert,  written  by  himself.     Printed  by 


HER 


HER 


Horace  Walpole,  Strawberry  Hill,  1764,  4to.  200  copies 
printed,  Lon.,  1770,  '78,  '92,  4to.  With  a  prefatory  notice 
ascribed  to  Sir  Walter  Scott,  1809,  8vo.  New  ed.,  1826, 
8vo.  Respecting  eds.,  see  Bliss's  Wood's  Athen.  Oxon., 
iii.  242  ;  Lowndes's  Bibl.  Man.,  912-913 ;  Retrosp.  Rev., 
vii.  331,  1823  ;  Horace  Walpole's  preface  to  Lord  Herbert's 
Life  j  Park's  Walpole's  R.  and  N.  Authors,  iii.  19-22.  Cole 
styles  his  lordship's  autobiography 

"  A  most  romantic  life He  seems  to  be  the  vainest  of  all 

mortals,  as  also  the  most  of  a  Quixote, — a  character  one  would  not 
expect  in  the  author  of  De  Veritate."  See  Bliss's  Wood's  Athen. 
Oxon.,  iii.  242. 

"  The  most  extraordinary  account  that  was  ever  given  by  a  wise 
man  of  himself.  Few  have  figured  so  conspicuously,  in  lights  so 
various,  as  the  famous  Lord  Herbert  of  Cberbury.  As  a  soldier 
his  valour  made  him  a  hero,  and  won  for  him  the  esteem  of  the 
great  captains  of  the  age,  Montgomery  and  the  Prince  of  Orange; 
as  a  knight,  bis  chivalry  was  drawn  from  the  purest  founts  of  the 
Fairy  Queen.  ...  As  a  public  minister,  he  supported  the  dignity 
of  his  country,  even  when  its  Prince  disgraced  it.  ...  These  busy 
scenes  were  mingled  with,  and  terminated  by,  meditation  and 
philosophic  enquiries.  Strip  each  period  of  its  excesses  and  errors, 
and  it  will  not  be  easy  to  trace  out  or  dispose  the  life  of  a  man  of 
quality  into  a  succession  of  employments  which  would  better  be 
come  him.  Valour  and  military  activity  in  youth;  business  of 
state  in  the  middle  age ;  contemplation  and  labours  for  the  infor 
mation  of  posterity  in  the  calmer  scenes  of  a  closing  life: — this 
was  Lord  Herbert." — HOKACE  WALPOLE  :  Preface  to  Lord  Herbert's 
Life. 

"  He  was  a  person  well  studied  in  the  arts  and  languages,  a  good 
philosopher  and  historian,  and  understood  men  as  well  as  books, 
as  it  evidently  appears  in  his  writings." — WOOD:  Athen.  Oxon., 
Miss's  ed.,  1817,  iii.  239. 

"  Lord  Herbert  stands  in  the  first  rank  of  the  public  ministers, 
historians,  and  philosophers  of  his  age.  It  is  hard  to  say  whether 
his  person,  his  understanding,  or  his  courage,  was  the  most  ex 
traordinary ;  as  the  fair,  the  learned,  and  the  brave,  held  him  in 
equal  admiration.  But  the  same  man  was  wise  and  capricious; 
redressed  wrongs  and  quarrelled  for  punctilios ;  hated  bigotry  in 
religion,  and  was  himself  a  bigot  to  philosophy.  He  exposed  him 
self  to  such  dangers  as  other  men  of  courage  would  have  carefully 
declined ;  and  called  in  question  the  fundamentals  of  religion 
which  none  had  the  hardiness  to  dispute  beside  himself." — 
GRANGER  :  Biog.  Hist,  of  Eng.,  5th  ed.,  1824,  ii.  319. 

Herbert,  Sir  Edward,  Lord  Chief- Justice  of  Eng 
land.  An  Account  of  the  Authorities  in  Law  upon  which 
Judgment  was  given  in  Sir  Edward  Kale's  Case,  Lon., 
1688,  4to.  See  Bishop  Nicolson's  Eng.  Hist.  Lib.,  ed. 
1776,  159;  Sir  J.  Mackintosh's  Works,  ii.  64,  70,  76,  87. 

Herbert,  Evan.     Serm.,  Lon.,  1822,  8vo. 

Herbert,  George,  1593-1632,  a  descendant  of  the 
Earls  of  Pembroke,  and  a  younger  brother  of  Lord  Her 
bert  of  Cherbury,  was  also  born  at  Montgomery  Castle, 
in  Wales  ;  was  educated  at  Westminster  School,  and  there 
elected  to  Trinity  College,  Cambridge,  of  which  he  was 
elected  Fellow  ,•  University  Orator,  1619  ;  took  holy  orders, 
and  was  made  Prebendary  of  Layton  Ecclesia,  in  the  dio 
cese  of  Lincoln,  by  Archbishop  Williams ;  and  in  1630  was 
presented  by  King  Charles  I.  to  the  living  of  Bemerton. 
For  the  details  of  the  biography  of  this  eminent  character 
we  must  refer  the  reader  to  the  charming  narrative  of 
Izaak  Walton.  As  a  divine,  he  was  distinguished  for  fer 
vent  piety  and  exemplary  zeal  in  the  propagation  of  truth  ; 
as  an  author,  he  justly  ranks,  both  in  prose  and  poetry, 
among  the  best  writers  in  the  language.  1.  Oratio  qua 
Auspicatissimum  Sereniss.  Princ.  Caroli  reditum  ex  His- 
paniis  celebravit  G.  H.  Acad.  Cantab.  Orator,  Cantab.,  1623, 
4to.  2.  A  Trans,  of  Cornaro  on  Temperance.  3.  The 
Temple  j  Sacred  Poems  and  Private  Ejaculations,  1633, 
12mo,  pp.  204.  Within  a  few  years  after  the  first  impres 
sion,  20,000  copies  of  this  work  were  sold.  4.  Jacula  Pru- 
dentutn;  or,  Outlandish  Proverbs,  Sentences,  Ac.,  1640; 
2d  ed.,  enlarged,  Lon.,  1651,  12mo.  5.  A  Priest  to  the 
Temple;  or,  The  Country  Parson,  his  Character  and  Rule 
of  Holy  Life,  1652,  12mo.  Many  eds.  6.  Remains,  1652, 
12ino.  7.  Poemata  varii  Argumenti,  1678,  12mo.  Pub. 
by  W.  Dillingham.  8.  Life,  by  Izaak  Walton,  with  his 
Letters,  and  others  to  his  Mother,  written  by  Dr.  Donne, 
1670, 12mo.  Walton's  Life  of  Herbert  is  prefixed  to  some 
eds.  of  The  Temple,  and  to  his  Works.  There  have  been 
many  modern  eds.  of  The  Temple,  The  Country  Parson, 
Ac.  We  notice — 1.  The  Country  Parson,  1840,  '48,  32mo. 
2.  The  Temple,  and  The  Country  Parson,  1847,  r.  32mo ; 
1848,  r.  32mo.  3.  The  Temple,  1850,  sm.  8vo  j  1853, 18mo. 
4.  The  Temple,  and  Sacred  Poems,  1854,  18mo.  5.  Re 
mains,  1848,  12mo.  6.  Poems,  1840,  32mo;  1844,  fp.  8vo; 
1853,  32mo.  7.  Poetical  Works,  with  Life,  Critical  Disser 
tations,  and  Explanatory  Notes,  1853,  8vo.  By  George 
Gilfillan,  (Library  of  the  British  Poets.)  8.  Poetical 
Works,  1855,  8vo.  9.  Complete  Works,  1854,  12rao. 
10.  Works  in  Prose  and  Verse,  with  Life  by  Izaak  Wal 
ton,  and  Notes  by  S.  T.  Coleridge,  1846,  2  vols.  8vo ;  and 
in  2  vols.  12mo.  11.  Works  in  Prose  and  Verse,  with  Re 


marks  on  his  Writings  and  Sketch  of  his  Life,  by  William 
Jordan,  1853,  sm.  8vo.  12.  Works  in  Prose  and  Verse, 
edited  by  the  Rev.  Robert  Aris  Willmott,  Incumbent  of 
Bear  Wood,  1854,  fp. 

"  I  am  not  aware  that  any  Edition  of  Herbert's  Poetry  or  Prose 
has  hitherto  appeared  with  Notes  or  Illustrations.  The  present 
attempt  to  supply  that  want  may,  therefore,  be  received  with  some 
forbearance  and  favour." — Wdlritott's  Preface.  And  see  Willmott's 
Lives  of  the  Sacred  English  Poets. 

But  Mr.  Wilmott  had  certainly  forgotten  Mr.  Pickering's 
ed.,  with  Notes  by  S.  T.  Coleridge,  1846,  2  vols.  Mr.  Gil- 
fillan's  annotated  ed.  appeared  in  1853.  See  Nos.  7  and 
10,  above.  13.  Poems,  illustrated  by  Birket  Foster,  Noel 
Humphreys,  and  John  Clayton,  1856,  cr.  8vo.  The  effect 
of  the  publication  of  The  Temple,  in  a  day  of  abounding 
literary  licentiousness,  was  most  decided  and  most  salutary. 
Henry  Vaugban,  in  his  warm  acknowledgments  to  the 
author,  doubtless  expressed  the  feelings  of  many: 

"  The  first  that,  with  any  effectual  success,  attempted  a  diver 
sion  of  this  foul  and  overflowing  stream,  was  the  blessed  man, 
Mr.  George  Herbert,  whose  holy  life  and  verse  gained  many  pious 
converts, — of  whom  I  am  the  least, — and  gave  the  first  check  to  a 
most  flourishing  and  admired  Wit  of  his  time." — Preface,  to  Silex 
Scintillans;  or,  Sacred  Poems  and  Priuate  Ejaculations,  1650. 

The  eulogy  of  the  celebrated  Baxter  is  equally  honour 
able  to  our  author.  After  enumerating  the  characteristics 
of  a  number  of  popular  poets  of  his  time,  he  remarks : 

"But  I  must  confess,  after  all,  that,  next  the  Scripture  Poems, 
there  are  none  so  savoury  to  me  as  Mr.  George  Herbert's  and  Mr. 
George  Sandys'.  I  know  that  Cowley  and  others  far  exceed  Her 
bert  in  wit  and  accurate  composure;  but  as  Seneca  takes  with  me 
above  all  his  contemporaries,  because  he  speaketh  things  by 
words,  feelingly  and  seriously,  like  a  man  that  is  past  jest;  so 
Herbert  speaks  to  God  like  one  that  really  believeth  a  God,  and 
whose  business  in  the  world  is  most  with  God.  Heart-work  and 
Heaven-work  make  up  his  books." — Prefatory  Address  to  Baxter's 
Poetical  Fragments,  1681. 

Baxter's  reference  to  Cowley  reminds  us  that  Herbert 
is  least  esteemed  by  modern  readers  where  he  approaches 
the  closest  to  that  extravagance  of  conceit  which  made 
the  author  of  the  Davideis  so  great  a  favourite  with  his 
pedantic  age. 

The  following  criticisms  would  have  been  read  with  un 
feigned  amazement  by  the  pupils  of  Cowley  and  their 
admirers: 

"  A  writer  of  the  same  class,  though  infinitely  inferior  to  both 
Quarles  and  Crashaw.  His  poetry  is  a  compound  of  enthusiasm 
without  sublimity,  and  conceit  without  either  ingenuity  or  ima 
gination.  .  .  .  When  a  man  is  once  reduced  to  the  impartial  test 
of  time, —  when  partiality,  friendship,  fashion,  and  party,  have 
withdrawn  their  influence, — our  surprise  is  frequently  excited 
by  past  subjects  of  admiration  that  now  cease  to  strike.  He  who 
takes  up  the  poems  of  Herbert  would  little  suspect  that  he  had 
been  public  orator  of  an  university,  and  a  favourite  of  his  sove 
reign  ;  that  he  had  received  flattery  and  praise  from  Donne  and 
from  Bacon ;  and  that  the  biographers  of  the  day  had  enrolled  his 
name  among  the  first  names  of  his  country." — Headley's  Select 
Beauties  of  Ancient  English  Poetry,  i.,  liv.,  lv.,  1810. 

Bacon's  admiration  of  Herbert  was  evinced  by  his  dedi 
cation  to  him  of  his  translation  of  some  of  the  Psalms, — 
"  it  being,"  as  he  says,  his  "  manner  for  dedications  to 
choose  those  that  I  hold  most  fit  for  the  argument." 

It  is  believed  that  Herbert  reciprocated  the  civility  of 
his  friend  by  aiding  him  in  the  translation  of  several  of 
his  works  from  English  into  Latin. 

Henry  Neele  partially  coincides  with  Headley's  judg 
ment,  but  is  disposed  to  place  a  more  favourable  estimate 
upon  Herbert's  natural  poetical  powers  : 

"  His  beauties  of  thought  and  diction  are  so  overloaded  with 
far-fetched  conceits  and  quaintnesses,  low  and  vulgar  and  even 
indelicate  imagery,  and  a  pertinacious  appropriation  of  Scripture 
language  and  figure,  in  situations  where  they  make  a  most  un 
seemly  exhibition,  that  there  is  now  very  little  probability  of  his 
ever  regaining  the  popularity  which  he  has  lost.  That  there  was 
much,  however,  of  the  real  poetical  temperament  in  the  composi 
tion  of  his  mind,  the  following  lines,  although  not  free  from  his 
characteristic  blemishes,  will  abundantly  prove : 

"  '  Sweet  Day  !  so  cool,  so  calm,  so  bright,' "  Ac. 

Lects.  on  English  Poetry. 

The  many  editions  of  Herbert's  Poems  now  issuing 
from  the  press  prove  that  the  critic  was  mistaken  in  sup 
posing  that  the  popularity  of  the  poet  had  departed,  never 
to  return. 

The  judgment  of  the  critics  next  to  be  quoted,  un 
doubtedly,  is  that  of  the  modern  admirers  of  Herbert's 
poetry : 

"  For  ourselves*  we  are  greatly  Inclined  to  prefer  Herbert's 
homelier  poems  to  those  on  which  he  lavished  so  much  ingenuity. 
Many  of  these  latter  have,  indeed,  fine  passages;  but  the  lofty 
thought  too  often  is  followed  by  one  actually  ludicrous,  and  the 
beautiful  figure  by  another  its  very  reverse." — Review  of  the 
Works  of  George  Herbert :  Brit.  Quar.  Rev. 

"  We  think  that  those  who  have  a  real  relish  for  devotional 
poetry  will  find  passages  in  Herbert  that  may  refresh  and  delight 
them :  at  the  same  time,  no  reader  of  taste  and  rational  views  of 
religion  but  must  lament  and  wonder  at  the  strange  and  almost 


HER 

incomprehensible  turn  of  some  of  the  poems." — Herbert's  Poems : 
Lon.  Betrosp.  Rev.,  iii.  215-222,  1821. 

Mr.  Hallam  notices  the  same  fault  in  Herbert's  principal 
prose  production : 

"  His  Country  Parson  is,  on  the  whole,  a  pleasing  little  book ; 
but  the  precepts  are  sometimes  so  overstrained,  according  to  our 
notions,  as  to  give  an  air  of  affectation." — Introduc.  to  the  Lit.  of 
Europe. 

Addison  takes  our  poet  to  task  for  his  exhibition  of  a 
species  of  "false  wit,"  which  "was  revived  by  several 
poets  of  the  last  age,  and  in  particular  may  be  met  with 
among  Mr.  Herbert's  Poems." 

For  an  explanation  of  the  subject  of  Addison's  censure, 
which  is  not  necessarily  connected  with  the  faults  com 
plained  of  by  the  critics  previously  quoted,  we  must  refer 
the  reader  to  The  Spectator,  No.  58. 

As  regards  the  quaintness  and  conceits  which  so  greatly 
offend  the  taste  of  the  present  age,  Mr.  Willmott  shows  us 
that  they  are  not  altogether  indefensible,  and  that  we  are 
not  to  condemn  with  hasty  vehemence,  without  a  charitable 
degree  of  patience  : 

"  Even  the  friendly  taste  of  Mr.  Keble  was  offended  by  the  con 
stant  flutter  of  his  fancy,  forever  hovering  round  and  round  the 
theme.  But  this  was  a  peculiarity  which  the  most  gifted  writers 
admired.  Dryden  openly  avowed  that  nothing  appeared  more 
beautiful  to  him  than  the  imagery  in  Cowley,  which  some  readers 
condemned.  It  must,  at  least,  be  said,  in  praise  of  this  creative 
playfulness,  that  it  is  a  quality  of  the  intellect  singularly  sprightly 
and  buoyant ;  it  ranges  over  a  boundless  landscape,  pierces  into 
every  corner,  and  by  the  light  of  its  own  fire — to  adopt  a  phrase 
of  Temple — discovers  a  thousand  little  bodies  or  images  in  the 
world,  unseen  by  common  eyes,  and  only  manifested  by  the  rays 
of  that  poetic  sun."— Introduc.  to  Herbert's  Works,  1854;  see  No. 
12,  ante. 

It  would  be  well,  therefore,  for  modern  objectors  to 
what  they  deem  Herbert's  faults,  before  they  let  the  dust 
accumulate  upon  his  Temple  and  his  Country  Parson,  to 
ponder  the  above  suggestions,  and  not  to  forget  the  fol 
lowing  sagacious  remarks  of  a  critic  entitled  to  great 
deference : 

"  Having  mentioned  the  name  of  Herbert,  that  model  of  a  man, 
a  gentleman  and  a  clergyman,  let  me  add,  that  the  quaintness  of 
some  of  his  thoughts — not  of  his  diction,  than  which  nothing  can 
be  more  pure,  manly,  and  unaffected — has  blinded  modern  readers 
to  the  great  general  merits  of  his  poems,  which  are  for  the  most 
part  exquisite  in  their  kind." — S.  T.  COLERIDGE. 

As  for  ourselves,  had  Herbert  no  other  claim  to  our 
affection,  it  would  be  sufficient  to  insure  our  gratitude 
that  in  the  dark  days  of  the  gentle  Cowper,  when  he 
struggled  for  life  with  the  "  foul  fiend  Melancholy"  and 
found  no  rest  for  his  distracted  and  horror-stricken  soul,  the 
soothing  strains  of  Herbert's  muse  subdued  the  evil  spirit, 
and  proved  an  effectual  comforter  in  the  time  of  trouble : 
"  I  was  struck,  not  long  after  my  settlement  in  the  Temple, 
with  such  a  dejection  of  spirits  as  none  but  they  who  have  felt 
the  same  can  have  the  least  conception  of.  Day  and  night  I  was 
on  the  rack;  lying  down  in  horror,  and  rising  up  in  despair.  I 
presently  lost  all  relish  for  those  studies  to  which  I  had  before 
been  closely  attached.  The  classics  had  no  longer  any  charms 
for  me :  I  had  need  of  something  more  salutary  than  amusement, 
but  I  had  no  one  to  direct  me  where  to  find  it.  At  length  I  met 
•with  Herbert's  Poems;  and,  Gothic  and  uncouth  as  they  were,  I 
yet  found  in  them  a  strain  of  piety  which  I  could  not  but  admire. 
This  was  the  only  author  I  had  any  delight  in  reading.  I  pored 
over  him  all  day  long;  and,  though  I  found  not  here  what  I 
might  have  found, — a  cure  for  my  malady, — yet  it  never  seemed 
so  much  alleviated  as  while  I  was  reading  him." 

Herbert,  Henry,  Earl  of  Pembroke.  Military  Equita 
tion  ;  or,  a  Method  of  breaking  Horses,  and  teaching  Sol 
diers  to  ride,  1761, 12mo  j  1778,  sm.  8vo  j  4th  ed.,  1793, 4to. 
Herbert,  Henry  John  George,  third  Earl  of 
Carnarvon,  d.  1849.  See  CARNARVON,  LORD,  and  Gent. 
Mag.,  Feb.  1850. 

Herbert,  Henry  William,  b.  in  London,  April  7, 
1807,  son  of  the  Hon.  and  Rev.  William  Herbert,  Dean 
of  Manchester,  and  the  Hon.  Letitia  Emily  Dorothea, 
daughter  of  Viscount  Allen  and  descended  in  direct  male 
line  from  the  Earls  of  Pembroke  and  Percy,  was  educated 
at  Eton,  and  graduated  in  1828  at  Caius  College,  Cam 
bridge,  of  which  he  is  a  prizeman  and  scholar.  Mr.  Her 
bert  emigrated  to  New  York  in  1831,  and  from  this 
period  until  1839  was  engaged  as  principal  Greek  teacher 
in  Mr.  Huddart's  classical  academy.  In  the  latter  year 
he  was  married  to  Sarah,  daughter  of  John  Barker,  of 
Bangor,  Maine,  by  whom  he  has  issue  one  son,  William 
George.  Since  his  marriage  Mr.  Herbert  has  devoted 
himself  solely  to  authorship  and  the  sports  of  the  fields. 
He  resides  in  a  beautiful  cottage  ("  The  Cedars")  on  the 
banks  of  the  Passaic,  near  Newark,  New  Jersey.  Mr.  Her 
bert  has  been  a  very  voluminous  author ;  and  the  following 
list  of  works  exhibits  sufficient  evidence  of  great  literary 
industry,  inspired  by  a  remarkable  versatility  of  talent. 
NOVELS  AND  NOVELETTES  : — 1.  The  Brothers.  2.  Crom- 


HER 

well.  3.  Marmaduke  Wyvil.  4.  The  Roman  Traitor.  5. 
The  Miller  of  Martigny.  6.  Guarica ;  or,  The  Carib 
Bride.  7.  Sherwood  Forest:  or,  Wager  of  Battle.  8.  The 
Knights  of  England,  France,  and  Scotland.  9.  The  Che 
valiers  of  France.  10.  The  Cavaliers  of  England.  11. 
Dermot  O'Brien.  12.  Persons  and  Pictures  in  French  and 
English  History.  13.  The  Falls  of  the  Wyalusing.  14. 
Pierre  the  Partisan. 

HISTORY: — 15.  The  Captains  of  the  Greek  Republics. 
16.  The  Captains  of  the  Roman  Republic.  17.  Henry 
VIII.  and  his  Six  Wives.  18.  The  Royal  Maries  of 
Medieval  History,  (in  MS.  at  the  time  of  his  death.) 

TRANSLATIONS  :— 19.  Matilda.  20.  The  Wandering  Jew. 
21.  John  Cavalier.  22.  Atar  Gull.  23.  The  Salamander; 
Tom  Eugene  Sue.  24,  25.  Diana  of  Meridor  and  Acte  of 
Corinth  ;  from  Alex.  Dumas.  26.  Weiss's  Protestant  Re 
fugees.  27.  The  Prometheus  and  Agamemnon  of  JEschylus. 
28.  Poetry  from  French  and  Italian  Authors. 
POETRY  : — Many  fugitive  pieces. 

SPORTING  WORKS,  published  under  the  name  of  FRANK 
FORESTER:— 29.  The  Field  Sports  of  the  United  States 
and  the  British  Provinces  in  America,  1849,  2  vols.  8vo; 
ast  ed.,  1858,  2  vols.  8vo.  30.  The  Fish  and  Fish-Book 
of  do.,  1849-50,  2  vols.  8vo.  Both  of  these  works  are  illus 
trated  on  wood  by  the  author.  31.  The  Warwick  Woodlands. 
32.  My  Shooting-Box.  33.  The  Deer-Stalkers.  These  three 
were  pub.  together  in  London,  1849,  3  vols.  p.  8vo,  under 
the  title  of  Frank  Forester  and  his  Friends ;  or,  Woodland 
Adventures  in  the  Middle  States  of  North  America.  34.  The 
Quorndon  Hounds.  35.  Young  Sportsman's  Complete 
Manual  of  Fowling,  Fishing,  and  Field  Sports  in  general, 
illustrated  from  drawings  made  from  nature  by  the  author. 
EDITOR  OF — The  Old  Forest  Ranger ;  Dinks  and  May- 
hew  On  the  Dog ;  Mr.  Sponge's  Sporting  Tour,  &c. 

To  the  above  list  might  be  added  The  Horse  and  Horse 
manship  in  the  United  States  and  British  Provinces  of 
North  America;  American  Game  in  its  Seasons;  an  edit, 
of  Goldsmith's  Hist,  of  Greece,  <fec.  Mr.  Herbert  was  the 
originator,  in  1833,  of  the  American  Monthly  Magazine, 
and  was  its  editor  until  1835.  He  has  also  been  a  con 
tributor  of  numerous  articles  to  The  Lady's  Companion ; 
Godey's  Magazine;  Graham's  Magazine;  Sartain's  Maga 
zine;  Columbian  Magazine;  Southern  Literary  Gazette ; 
Democratic  Review ;  Turf  Register ;  N.  York  Spirit  of  the 
Times;  New  York  Courier  and  Inquirer;  New  World,  &c. 
Mr.  Herbert's  fugitive  articles,  if  collected,  would  pro 
bably  fill  about  forty  duodecimo  volumes.  For  a  notice  of 
this  popular  writer,  we  refer  the  reader  to  the  (New  York) 
Internal.  Mag.,  iii.  289-291. 

At  the  conclusion  of  our  notice  of  the  literary  labours 
of  Mr.  Herbert's  distinguished  father — the  Hon.  and  Very 
Rev.  William  Herbert — the  reader  will  find  a  glowing  tri 
bute  to  that  remarkable  versatility  of  talent  for  which  the 
Dean  of  Manchester  was  so  eminently  distinguished.  We 
need  hardly  observe,  after  what  has  been  already  recorded, 
that  the  same  power  of  mastery  over  subjects  which  have 
little  or  nothing  in  common  is  not  less  observable  in  the 
translator  of  ^Eschylus  and  the  chronicler  of  the  Wood 
land  Adventures  of  Frank  Forester  and  his  associates  in 
the  sports  of  the  field.  We  might,  indeed,  trace  this  cha 
racteristic  versatility  of  the  family  as  far  back  as  Lord 
Herbert  of  Cherbury,  but  this  is  a  portrait  which  we  have 
wisely  allowed  Horace  Walpole  to  paint  in  his  own  vivid 
colours.  We  shall  display  as  much  prudence  in  borrowing 
the  pencil  of  another — himself  one  of  the  most  eminent 
of  American  scholars — who  has  graphically  depicted  the 
prominent  features  of  the  subject  of  our  notice  : 

"  Mr.  Herbert  has  long  been  known  to  the  American  reading 
world  as  a  writer  of  great  and  versatile  powers;  a  poet  of  vivid 
imagination  and  vigorous  style;  a  successful  novelist;  an  able 
and  accomplished  critic ;  and,  to  another  class,  whose  reading  is 
comparatively  limited,— the  Nimrods  of  the  land,— as  a  consum 
mate  master  of  the  mysteries  of  their  craft,  practically  experienced 
in  all  the  ways  of  shooting,  fishing,  and  hunting,  and  skilled  to 
illustrate,  alike  with  pen  and  pencil,  the  scenes  of  forest,  river,  lake, 
and  hill,  amidst  which  his  amusements  and  their  serious  pursuits 
chiefly  lie.  And  now  he  comes  before  the  world  in  another  cha 
racter,— that  of  translator  of  the  most  difficult  of  the  Attic  trage 
dians." — PROFESSOR  C.  C.  FELTON  :  Review  of  Herbert's  Tro.nstotioni 
from  jEschylus :  N.  Amer.  Rev.,  Ixix.  407^21. 

We  regret  to  add  that,  since  the  above  was  written,  Mr. 
Herbert  fell  by  his  own  hand,  May  17,  1858. 

Herbert,  Mary,  Countess  of  Pembroke.     See  SIDNEY. 
Herbert,  Sir  Percy.     Certaine  Conceptions  or  Con 
siderations  upon  the  Strange  Change  of  People's  Disposi 
tions  and  Actions  of  these  latter  Times,  Lon.,  1652,  4to. 
The  fable  of  Parnell's  Hermit  is  drawn  from  the  story 
narrated  on  p.  220.     See  Beloe's  Anecdotes,  vi.  324. 
Herbert,  Philip,  Earl  of  Pembroke.    1.  Speech  in  th« 


HER 


HER 


H.  of  Peers,  Lon.,  1642,  4to.    2.  Speech  for  an  Accommo 
dation,  1642,  4to. 

Herbert,  Samuel,  D.D.  Occasional  Serms.,  1804,8vo. 
Herbert,  Stanley.    John  at  Home;  a  Novel,  Lon., 
1853,  3  vols.  24mo.     See  N.  Amer.  Rev.,  Oct.  1854,  534. 

Herbert,  Sir  Thomas,  1606  P-1682,  a  native  of  York, 
of  the  Pembroke  family,  a  distinguished  traveller,  was  edu 
cated  at  Jesus  College,  Oxford,  and  Trinity  College,  Cam 
bridge.  1.  A  Relation  of  some  Yeares  Travels  into  Africa, 
and  the  greater  Asia,  Ac.,  Lon.,  1634,  '38,  '65,  fol. ;  4th 
and  best  ed.,  with  addits.,  1677,  fol.  Trans,  into  French 
by  Wiquefort,  with  addits.,  Paris,  1663,  4to.  At  the  end 
of  Herbert's  work  is  a  curious  Discourse,  intended  to  prove 
that  Prince  Madoc  ap  Owen  Gwynedd  discovered  America 
about  three  hundred  years  before  Columbus's  first  voyage. 
Herbert  spent  four  years  in  Asia  and  Africa. 

"  He  has  hit  off  in  a  quaint  and.lively  style  the  leading  features 
of  Persian  society." — Murray's  Account  of  Travels  in  Asia. 

See  the  Catalogue  in  Churchill's  Collection  of  Voyages 
and  Travels. 

2.  Threnodia  Carolina ;  an  Acct.  of  the  last  Two  Years 
of  Charles  I.,  1678.  Reprinted,  1702,  8vo.  New  ed.,  with 
addits.,  reprinted  by  Mr.  Nicol,  1813,  8vo.  An  elegant 
and  accurate  edit.  See  Bliss's  Wood's  A  then.  Oxon.,  iv. 
15-42 ;  Censura  Literaria,  vol.  iii. ;  Drake's  Eboracum. 
Herbert  trans,  several  books  of  John  de  Laet's  India  Oc- 
cidentalis,  and  assisted  Sir  Wm.  Dugdale  in  compiling  the 
3d  vol.  of  his  Monasticon  Anglicanum. 

Herbert,  Thomas.  1.  Secunda  Vox  Populi;  or, 
The  Commons'  Gratitude  to  Philip,  Earle  of  Pembroke  and 
Montgomery,  1641,  4to.  A  poetical  tract  of  four  leaves, 
with  a  wood-cut  of  the  earl,  whole  length,  in  full  robes 
of  office.  2.  An  Elegie  upon  the  Death  of  Thomas,  Earle 
of  Strafford,  1641,  pp.  7.  3.  News  newly  discovered,  1641, 
12mo.  4.  Keep  within  Compasse  Dick  and  Robin,  &c., 
1641, 12mo ;  Gordonstoun,  1195,  £4.  5.  Newes  out  of  Isling 
ton,  Ac.,  1641,  12mo;  Gordonstoun,  1194,  £4. 

Herbert,  Thomas,  Earl  of  Pembroke.  Numismata 
Antiqua  et  Recentiora  ornnis  generis  metalli,  et  moduli 
aeri  incisi,  <fcc.,  Lon.,  1746,  2  vols.  in  one,  4to,  £7  ;  2  vols. 
in  one,  fol.,  £11  11s.  See  Lowndes's  Bibl.  Man.,  1426. 

Herbert,  W.  1.  Beleefe  and  Confession  of  Faith, 
Lon.,  1646,  '48,  12mo.  2.  Child-Bearing  Woman,  1648, 
12mo.  3.  Catechism,  1648,  12mo.  4.  Quadripartite  Devo 
tion,  1648,  12mo. 

Herbert,  William,  third  Earl  of  Pembroke,  1580- 
1630,  a  native  of  Wilton,  Wiltshire,  educated  at  New  Col 
lege,  Oxford,  succeeded  to  his  father's  honours  and  estate, 
1601;  Knight  of  the  Garter,  1604;  Governor  of  Ports 
mouth,  1610 ;  Chancellor  of  the  University  of  Oxford,  1626  ; 
and  about  the  same  time  made  Lord-Steward  of  the  King's 
Household.  The  character  of  this  nobleman — who  is  sup 
posed  to  be  the  "W.  H."  of  Shakspeare's  Sonnets — has 
been  admirably  drawn  by  the  Earl  of  Clarendon ;  and  to 
his  lordship's  History  of  the  Rebellion,  Bliss's  Wood's 
Athen.  Oxon.,  Wood's  Annals,  Park's  Walpole's  R.  and  N. 
Authors,  Collins's  Peerage,  and  Hallam's  Lit  Hist,  of  Eu 
rope,  we  refer  the  reader.  Poems,  written  by  William,  Earl 
of  Pembroke,  <fcc.,  many  of  which  are  answered,  by  way 
of  repartee,  by  Sir  Benjamin  Rudyard,  Lon.,  1660,  8vo. 
With  other  Poems,  written  by  them  occasionally  and  apart, 
Lon.,  1660,  8vo.  Hallam  supposes  that  there  is  an  earlier 
edit.  New  ed.,  with  a  Preface  by  Sir  S.  E.  Brydgea,  1817. 
100  copies  printed.  See  Lowndes's  Bibl.  Man.,  1426. 

"The  poems,  in  general,  are  of  little  merit;  some  are  grossly 
indecent ;  nor  would  they  be  mentioned  here  except  for  the  inte 
rest  recently  attached  to  the  author's  name.  But  they  throw  no 
light  whatever  on  the  sonnets  of  Shakspeare."— HALLAM  :  ubi  supra. 
Watt  attributes  to  his  lordship  a  work  entitled,  Of  the 
Internal  and  External  State  of  Man  in  Christ,  1654,  4to. 
Certainly  the  earl's  tastes  were  any  thing  but  theological  ; 
though,  indeed,  Ben  Jonson's  compliment  implies  an  im 
partial  eclecticism : 

"  I  do  but  name  thee,  Pembroke,  and  I  find 

It  is  an  epigram  on  all  mankind." 

Pembroke  College  was  named  in  honour  of  our  noble 
author,  who,  let  it  not  be  forgotten,  gave  to  the  Bodleian 
Library  242  Greek  MSS.,  purchased  by  him  in  Italy,  and 
formerly  the  property  of  Francis  Barroccio. 

Herbert,  William,  1718-1795,  an  eminent  typo 
graphical  antiquary,  has  already  claimed  our  notice  in  our 
life  of  JOSEPH  AMES  ;  and  to  that  article,  to  Dibdin's  Ac 
count  of  William  Herbert,  prefixed  to  vol.  i.  of  the  Typo 
graphical  Antiquities  of  Great  Britain,  and  the  authorities 
subjoined,  we  refer  the  reader.  1.  Second  ed.  of  Atkyn's 
Hist,  of  Gloucestershire,  Lon.,  1768,  fol.  See  ATKYNS,  SIR 
ROBT.,  p.  80.  2.  Typographical  Antiq.  of  G.  Brit,  and 
Ireland,  3  vols.  4to:  i,  1785;  ii.  1786;  iii.  1790.  See  (ante) 


also  life  of  DIBDIN,  THOMAS,  FROGNALL,  D.D.,  in  this  vol. 
The  Typographical  Antiquities  is  justly  commended  by  an 
eminent  authority  as 

"  A  very  valuable  and  accurate  work,  and  as  honourable  to  the 
British  nation  as  to  the  deep  critical  researches  of  the  original  com 
piler,  Mr.  Ames,  and  his  continuator,  Mr.  Herbert." — DR.  CLARKE. 

Herbert  left  an  annotated  copy  of  this  work,  with  a  view 
to  a  second  ed.,  interleaved  and  bound  in  6  vols.,  r.  4to. 
As  a  portion  only  of  the  first  vol.  was  used  by  Dibdin,  we 
hope  that  the  balance  will  some  day  be  appropriated  by  a 
judicious  continuator  of  the  Antiquities.  The  copy  re 
ferred  to  was  in  1848  in  the  possession  of  Mr.  H.  G.  Bohn, 
London,  and  offered  by  him  for  the  small  sum  of  £12  12s. 

3.  In  conjunction  with  Mr.  Nicholson,  New  Directory 
for  the  East  Indies,  4to.  See  Nichols's  Lit.  Anec. ;  Bio 
graphy  of  Herbert,  supposed  to-be  written  by  Richard 
Gough,  in  Gent,  Mag.,  Ixv.,  Pt.  1,  261;  and  Gent.  Mag., 
Ixxii.  418. 

Herbert,  William.  Antiq.  of  the  Inns  of  Court  and 
Chancery,  Lon.,  1804,  r.  8vo;  1.  paper,  4to.  He  pub.  Sir 
Reginalde,  a  Romance,  &c.,  1803,  12mo;  and  a  Series  of 
Views  from  the  Palace  of  Lambeth,  1805 ;  both  in  con 
junction  with  Edward  Wedlake  Brayley:  see  both  the 
names  in  Watt's  Bibl.  Brit. 

Herbert,  Hon.  and  Very  Rev.  William,  D.C.L., 
1778-1847,third  son  of  Henry,  Earl  of  Carnarvon,  and  Lady 
Elizabeth  Alicia  Maria  Wyndham,  eldest  daughter  of 
Charles,  Earl  of  Egremont,  was  born  at  Highclere  Castle, 
Bucks,  and  educated  at  Eton,  and  at  Christ  Church  and 
Merton  College,  Oxford,  where  he  graduated  M.A.,  1802, 
B.  and  D.C.L.,  1808,  and  became  a  Fellow  of  Merton  Col 
lege.  After  a  successful  practice  as  a  member  of  Doctors' 
Commons,  and  a  brilliant  career  in  the  House  of  Commons, 
he  determined  to  take  holy  orders,  and  in  1814  was  pre 
sented  to  the  Rectory  of  SpofForth,  and  appointed  Dean 
of  Manchester  in  1840.  1.  Edited  Musaa  Etonenses;  a 
Selection  of  Greek  and  Latin  Poetry,  by  Etonians,  1795, 
2  vols.  8vo.  See  Lowndes's  Bibl.  Man.,  1314.  2.  Ossiani 
Darthula,  Graece  reddita;  Accedunt  Miscellanea,  1801,  8vo. 
3.  Select  Icelandic  Poetry;  trans,  from  the  originals,  with 
Notes;  Translations  from  the  German,  Danish,  &c.;  to 
which  is  added  Miscellaneous  Poetry,  1814,  2  vols.  8vo. 
Reviewed  by  Sir  Walter  Scott,  in  Edin.  Rev.,  ix.  211-223. 
A  second  part  to  each  of  these  works  was  added  in  1806. 
See  Moir's  Sketches  of  the  Poetical  Literature  of  the  Past 
Half-Century.  4.  Helga;  a  Poem,  in  7  Cantos,  with  Notes, 
1815,  8vo.  See  Edin.  Rev.,  xxv.  146-168 ;  Moir,  ubi  supra. 
5.  Hedin,  or  The  Spectre  of  the  Tomb ;  a  Tale  from  the 
Danish  History,  1820.  6.  Serms.,  1820,  12mo.  7.  The 
Wizard  Wanderer  of  Jutland,  a  Tragedy;  and  Julia  Mont- 
albin,  a  Tale,  1822.  8.  The  Guahiba;  a  Tale,  1822.  9.  A 
Letter  to  the  Chairman  of  the  Committee  of  the  House  of 
Commons  on  the  Game-Laws,  1823.  See  article  by  Rev. 
Sydney  Smith,  in  Edin.  Rev.,  xxxix.  43-54.  10.  Iris;  a 
Latin  Ode,  1826.  11.  Amaryllidacege,  with  a  Treatise  on 
Cross-bred  Vegetables,  1837,  r.  8vo.  Mr.  Herbert  pub. 
several  other  works  on  botany  and  natural  history,  and  a 
number  of  papers  in  horticultural  and  botanical  periodi 
cals.  He  was  also  one  of  the  earliest  contributors  to  the 
Edinburgh  Review.  12.  I.  Attila,  King  of  the  Huns,  or 
the  Triumph  of  Christianity:  an  Epic  Poem;  II.  Attila 
and  his  predecessors:  a  Historical  Treatise,  1838,  8vo. 

"  A  production  displaying  a  union  of  acuteness  and  erudition 
with  great  poetical  talents."— Hallam's  Lit.  Hist,  of  Europe,  4th 

"  A  work  conceived  in  a  grand  and  simple  spirit,  and  abounding 
in  passages  finely  imagined  and  finely  expressed.  Few  poems 
which  have  appeared  within  the  last  twenty  years  evince  a  more 
thorough  preparation  on  the  part  of  the  writer,  a  deeper  study 
of  the  subject,  or  a  more  just  and  masculine  taste.  It  is  not  pos 
sible  to  take  up  a  single  book  of  the  poem  without  being  frequently 
reminded  of  Milton's  best  points,— his  sublimity  and  his  purity." 
— Edin.  Rev. 

"  Attila  was  the  last  and  most  ambitious  production  of  Herbert ; 
his  most  laboured  but  not  his  most  successful  one.  The  fire  of 
his  youthful  enthusiasm  had  been  gradually  burning  out ;  and 
this  he  endeavoured,  but  vainly,  to  atone  for  by  a  strict  adherence 
to  Aristotelian  rules,  backed  by  the  Gallican  codicils  of  Boileau 
and  Bossu."— MOIR  :  ubi  supra.  See  Gent.  Mag.,  April,  1839. 

13.  Christian,  a  Poem ;  and  Sylva  Recentiores,  1846, 8vo. 
14.  Miscellaneous  Works,  excepting  those  on  Botany  and 
Natural  History,  with  Addits.  and  Corrections  by  the  Au 
thor.  Contents:  Horae  Scandicae,  or  Works  (Poetical) 
relating  to  Old  Scandinavian  Literature;  Horse  Pieriae, 
or  Poetry  on  various  subjects ;  Sylvarum  Liber ;  Reviews, 
Sermons,  <fcc.,  1842,  2  vols.  8vo. 

"  It  is  not  often  that  we  meet  with  a  writer  whose  attainments 
are  so  various,  and  at  the  same  time  so  accurate  and  profound,  as 
those  of  the  one  now  before  us ;  while  it  has  been  the  lot  of  few  to 
fill,  at  various  periods,  stations  in  society  which  are  generally  re 
served  for  those  professionally  educated  for  them  alone,  and  from 


HER 


HER 


has,  when  taken  inwardly,  likewise  a  decided  influence  on  the 
human  economy,  contradictory  to  the  assertions  of  all  other  au- 


which  they  seldom  depart ;  but  we  have  had  the  pleasure  of  hear 
ing  Mr.  Herbert  as  an  orator  in  the  House  of  Commons,  we  have  ^wi-^ 

heard  him  as  an  advocate  at  the  Bar,  and  we  have  listened  to  him  !  thors;  further,  that  heat,  in  a  bearable  degree,  destroys  its  poi- 
as  a  preacher  in  the  pulpit.     As  an  author,  we  have  found  him  in  \  sonous  qualities,  and  is  thus  the  best  remedy  aftera  bite,  applied 


_  „  preacher r-.r...    , 

walks  of  science  and  literature  very  remote  from  each  other,  not 
often  trodden  by  the  same  person,  yet  always  marking  his  progress 
by  the  light  he  has  thrown  on  his  subjects,  and,  as  it  appears  to 
us,  showing  both  diligence  and  accuracy  in  recording  facts,  and 
philosophical  discretion  in  reasoning  from  them."— Lon.  Gent.  Mag., 
1843,  Pt.  1,  115-133,  q.  v.;  see  also  1847,  Pt.  2,  425-426. 

Herbert,  William,  Librarian  to  the  Corporation  of 
London.  The  Hist,  of  the  Twelve  Great  Livery  Companies 
of  London,  Lon.,  1837,  2  vols.  Svo.  New  ed.,  1846,  Svo 
and  r.  Svo. 

"We  feel,  in  conclusion,  fully  justified  in  declaring  that  Mr. 
Herbert  has  by  this  publication  proved  himself  worthy  of  the 
office  of  Archivist  and  Historiographer  to  the  City  of  London."— 
Lon.  Gent.  Mag.,  April,  1834. 

Also  highly  commended  by  the  Athenaeum,  Spectator, 
Examiner,  Ac.,  and  largely  quoted  in  the  Penny  Magazine, 
Pictorial  Hist,  of  England,  Ac. 

Herbst,  J.,  Lutheran  pastor,  Gettysburg.  1.  Evan- 
gelisches  Magazin,  editor,  1830.  2.  Inaugural  Address  of 
S.  S.  Schmucker,  translated  into  German,  1826. 

Herckeman,  Elias.  A  Voyage  to  the  Kingdom  of 
Chili,  in  America.  See  Churchill's  Voyages,  p.  503,  1704. 
Herd,  David,  1732-1810,  a  native  of  St.  Cyrus,  Kin- 
cardineshire,  Scotland.  Collection  of  Ancient  and  Modern 
Scottish  Songs,  Heroic  Ballads,  Ac.,  1769,  1  vol.;  1772,  2 
vols.  12mo;  1776,  2  vols.  12mo. 

"The  first  classical  collection  [of  Scottish  Songs.]"— SIR  WALTER 
SCOTT. 

See  Chambers  and  Thomson's  Biog.  Diet,  of  Eminent 
Scotsmen  ;  Scots'  Mag.,  July,  1810. 
Herdman,  John,  M.D.     Profess,  works,  1795-1809. 
Herdman,  Wm.     Serm.,  Lon.,  1794,  Svo. 
Herdson,  Hen.    Ars  Mnemonica,  Lat.  et  Eng.,  Lon., 
1651,  '57, 12mo.     See  an  account  of  this  work  in  Feinagle's 
Art  of  Memory.     It  seems  to  have  been  pub.  separately 
in  Latin  and  in  English,  both  Lon.,  1651,  12mo.      See 
Lowndes's  Bibl.  Man.,  914. 

Hereford,  Bishop.  Legacy;  or,  A  Short  Deter 
mination  of  all  Controversies  with  the  Papists,  by  God's 
Holy  Word,  1677,  4to. 

Hereford,  Rev.  Charles.  1.  Hist,  of  France,  5  vols. 
Svo.  Anon.  2.  Hist,  of  Rome,  3  vols.  Svo.  Anon.  3.  Abridgt. 
of  Gibbon's  Hist,  2  vols.  Svo.  Anon.  4.  Abridgt.  of  Hume's 
Hist,  2  vols.  8vo.  Anon. 

Hergest,  Wm.  1.  Christian  Chastitie.  2.  Expos,  of 
the  7th  Commandment,  Lon.,  1580,  4to. 

Hering,  Constantine,  M.D.,  b.  January  1,  1800,  at 
Oschatz,  in  Saxony,  studied  in  Zittau,  Leipzig,  Dresden, 
and  Wuerzburg,  obtained  in  1826  the  degree  of  Doct.  of 
Med.,  Surgery,  and  Obstetrics  ;  was  sent  under  the  protec 
tion  of  the  government,  for  the  purpose  of  making  scientific 
researches,  to  Surinam,  S.America;  came  to  Phila.,  Jan. 
1834,  and  has  resided  mostly  there  since  as  a  practising 
physician  and  lecturer  on  homoeopathy.  He  is  a  member  of 
the  Acad.  of  Nat.  Sciences  in  Phila.  since  1830,  of  several 
similar  societies,  and  nearly  all  homoeopathic  academies 
and  societies  in  the  world.  Has  been  a  contributor  to 
homoeopathic  journals,  (Archives  of  Stapf,  1827-46; 
Gazette  of  Leipzig;  Journal  of  Buchner;  British  Quar 
terly;  and  Clinical  Gazette.)  Co-editor  of  the  Medical 
Correspondent,  Allentown,  1835,  '36;  the  Miscellanies  on 
Homoeopathy,  Phila.,  1839 ;  N.  Am.  Homoeopathic  Quar 
terly,  N.  York,  1851,  '52 ;  and  the  Homoeopathic  News,  a 
monthly,  Phila.,  since  1854.  Author  of— 1.  Rise  and  Pro 
gress  of  Homoeopathy,  Phila.,  1834;  trans,  into  English 
by  Matlack,  1834 ;  into  Dutch  by  Rosenstein,  Rotterdam, 
1836  ;  into  Swedish.  1S53.  2.  The  Historical  Necessity  of 
Homoeopathy,  Allentown,  1835,  (Germ.)  3.  Homoeopathic 
Hatchels,  Jena,  1845.  4.  Proposals  to  Kill  Homoeopathy, 
Leipzig,  1846,  (a  Satire.)  5.  Suggestions  for  the  Proving 
of  Drugs  on  the  Healthy,  Phila.,  1853.  6.  The  Effects  of 
Snake-poison,  Allentown  and  Leipzig,  r.  8vo,  1837 ;  with 
an  Introduction  on  the  study  of  Materia  Medica;  trans, 
into  English,  in  British  Quarterly,  1844.  7.  Domestic  Phy 
sician  :  since  1837,  six  eds.  of  the  last,  Phila.,  1858;  two 
in  Great  Britain ;  ten  in  Germany;  trans,  into  the  French 
Italian,  Spanish,  and  other  languages,  with  a  circulation 
of  more  than  50,000  copies. 

"Dr.  Bering's  Guide  we  have  always  considered  the  best  and 
most  original  of  tho  domestic  works."— Brit.  Quar.  Jour,  of  Horn. 
April,  1856. 

8.  American  Drug  Provings,  Leipzig,  Winter,  1853,  vol 
i. ;  vol.  ii*.  in  press.    9.  One  of  the  authors  of  the  pamphle 
The  Voluntary  System  of  Medical  Education  instituted  bj 
the  Independent  Medical  School  of  Pa.,  1854,  Phila. 
'The  most  important  of  his  toxicological  researches  are  th 


locally  at  a  distance  from  the  wound,  much  better  than  brandy 
taken  inwardly,  which,  however,  in  some  cases  may  be  united 
with  it.  He  found  that  alcohol  extracts  a  salt  from  the  snake- 
poison,  which  has  in  some  cases  of  bites,  and  in  a  great  many  dis 
eases,  as  apoplexy,  paralysis,  typhus,  quinsy,  etc.,  a  curative  in 
fluence.  This  discovery  he  applied  to  the  saliva  of  the  mad  dog, 
and  prevented  hydrophobia  by  application  of  heat  near  the  wound, 
hich  proved  more  effectual  and  certain  than  the  process  of  burn- 
ng  it  out,  because  the  latter  forms  a  scurf,  which,  as  a  non-con- 
luctor  of  heat,  may  protect  the  poison.  From  the  same  virus  he 
bund  that  alcohol  also  extracts  a  chemical  compound,  which  has 
bus  far  seemed  to  be  effectual  as  a  remedy  in  preventing  and 
uring  hydrophobia.  The  same  method  has  successfully  been 
applied  to  small-pox  and  other  contagious  diseases  of  men  and 
animals,  according  to  the  reports  of  numerous  physicians.  He 
vas  the  first  to  propose  sulphur  as  a  preventive  of  Asiatic  Cholera 
1848)  when  applied  as  a  powder  between  the  stockings  and  the 
soles  of  the  feet,  it  being  absorbed,  and,  without  disturbing  the 
ntestines,  exhaled  at  the  pores  of  the  skin  as  sulphuretted  hydro 
gen,  (blackening  bright  silver  even  on  the  forehead.)  This  process 
>rotects  against  cholera,  and  may  perform  the  same  use  in  other 
niasmas." 

Hering,  Francis,  M.D.     See  HERRING. 
Heriot,    George,    Postmaster-General    of    British 
America.     1.  Descriptive  Poem,  written  in  the  W. 
Indies,  Lon.,  1781,  4to.     2.  Hist,  of  Canada,  1804,  8vo. 
3.  Travels  through  the  Canadas,  1807,  4to. 

Heriot,  John,  R.N.,  1760-1833,  brother  of  the  pre 
ceding,  was  connected  with  the  newspapers  The  Oracle, 
The  World,  The  Sun,  and  The  True  Briton.  1.  The  Sor 
rows  of  the  Heart ;  a  Novel,  1787,  2  vols.  2.  The  Half- 
pay  Officer;  a  Novel,  1788,  3  vols.  Svo.  3.  Hist.  Sketch 
of  Gibraltar,  Lon.,  1792,  Svo.  4.  The  Battle  of  the  Nile, 
1792.  See  Lon.  Gent.  Mag.,  Aug.  1833. 

Herissant,  Dr.  Experiments  with  the  Poison  of 
Lamas  and  of  Ticunas ;  Phil.  Trans.,  1741. 

Herle,  Charles,  1598-1659,  Rector  of  Winwick, 
Lancashire.  Serms.,  <fcc.,  1642,  '43,  '44,  '46,  '55. 

Herman,  an  Anglo-Norman  poet,  temp.  Henry  II.  and 
Richard  II.,  has  attributed  to  him  a  Life  of  Tobit,  which 
s  a  poem  of  about  1400  lines,  a  poem  entitled  Lea  Joies  de 
Notre  Dame,  and  some  other  pieces.  See  Wright's  Biog. 
Brit.  Lit.,  and  authorities  there  cited. 

Herman,  Thomas.  Critical  Cat.  of  the  Pictures  of 
the  British  Institution,  Lon.,  1807,  Svo. 

Herndon,  Mrs.  Mary  E.,  of  Kentucky.  1.  Louisa 
Elton  ;  a  Nov.,  Phila.,  1853.  2.  Oswyn  Dudley,  Gin.,  1855. 
Herndon,  Wm.  L.,  Lieut.,  U.S.  Navy,  lost  in  the 
wreck  of  the  Central  America,  1857.  Exploration  of  the 
Valley  of  the  Amazon,  with  maps  and  plates,  Washington, 
D.C.,  1854,  Svo.  Of  this  work  40,000  copies  were  pub.  by 
order  of  the  U.S.  Government.  Lieut.  Gibbon,  who  was 
also  an  officer  of  the  Expedition,  pub.  a  continuation,  of 
which  as  many  copies  were  printed. 

Herne,  John.  1.  Law  of  Conveyances,  Lon.,  1656, 
'58,  '88,  Svo.  2.  The  Pleader,  1657,  fol.  3.  Assurancer, 
1658,  Svo.  4.  Sewers,  1659, 4to.  5.  Charitable  Uses,  1660, 
'63,  Svo. 

Herne,  Samuel.  See  HEARNE. 
Herne,  Thomas,  d.  1722,  Fellow  of  Merton  College, 
Oxford,  a  native  of  Suffolk,  pub.  several  theological  works, 
among  which  were  an  account  of  the  Bangorian  Contro 
versy  to  the  end  of  1719,  and  an  account  of  books,  <fec.  on 
the  Trinitarian  Controversy  from  1712-20.  See  Masters's 
Hist,  of  C.  C.  C.  C. 

Hernon,  G.  D.  Louisa;  or,  The  Black  Tower,  1803, 
2  vols. 

Heron,  John.  Custom  Laws  in  Ireland,Dubl.,1818,8vo. 

Heron,  John.     Fruitfull   Dialogues    treatyng    upon 

the  Baptisme  of  Chyldren,  Worcest.,  1551.     It  is  believed 

that  Heron  is  a  misprint  for  John  Sennonoys  Veron,  or 

Vernon. 

Heron,  M.  The  Conflict;  a  Nov.,  1793,  Lon.,  2  vols. 
12mo. 

Heron,  Rt.  Hon.  Sir  Richard.  1.  Table  of  the 
Families  of  Heron,  1797,  fol.  2.  Family  of  Heron  of 
Newark-upon-Trent,  Lon.,  1803,  4to. 

Heron,  Robert,  1764-1807,  a  native  of  New  Gal 
loway,  Scotland,  a  man  of  improvident  habits  and  con 
siderable  talents,  wrote  and  trans,  a  number  of  works,  of 
which  the  best-known  are: — 1.  Journey  in  the  Western 
Counties  of  Scotland,  1793,  2  vols.  Svo.  2.  Hist,  of  Scot 
land,  1794-99,  6  vols.  Svo.  3.  Universal  Geography,  1798, 
4  vols.  Svo.  4.  The  Comforts  of  Life,  1807.  He  was  editor 
and  contributor  to  several  periodicals.  See  Chambers  and 
Thomson's  Biog.  Diet,  of  Eminent  Scotsmen;  Murray's 
Lit.  Hist,  of  Galloway;  Disraeli's  Calamities  of  Authors; 


a  long  series  of  experiments,  that  the  poison  of  snakes  i  Watt's  Bibl.  Brit. ;  Miller's  Fly-Leaves,  1st  Series,  36. 


HER 

Heron,  Robert.    Letters  of  Literature,  Lon.,  1783,  ! 
'84,  '85,  8vo.     This  was  a  name  assumed  by  John  Pinker- 
ton,  subsequently  a  well-known  writer. 

Herport,  Rev.  Brian.  Truths  of  Importance  to  the 
Happiness  of  Mankind,  Legal  Oaths,  <fcc.,  Lon.,  1768,  8vo. 

Herreken,  N.  T.     Confidence  in  God,  <fcc.,  1804. 

Herrey,  Robert  F.  Bible  Concordances,  Lon.,  1578, 
4to. 

Herrick,  Joseph,  of  Colchester.  1.  Salvation  pos 
sible  to  the  Vilest  Sinners,  Lon.,  1842,  18mo.  2.  Salvation 
Certain  and  Complete,  1847,  32mo.  3.  Greatness  of  God's 
Mercy,  1847,  18mo. 

Herrick,  Heyrick,  Hearick,  or  Hireck,  Ro 
bert,  1591-1662  ?  a  divine  and  a  very  eminent  poet,  de 
scended  from  Eric,  a  Danish  chief  temp.  Alfred  the  Great, 
was  a  native  of  Cheapside,  London.  He  studied  at  Cam 
bridge,  was  presented  to  the  living  of  Dean  Prior,  Devon 
shire,  in  1629;  was  deprived  by  Cromwell  in  1648;  and 
reinstated  in  his  living  by  Charles  II.  in  1660.  1.  Hespe- 
rides;  or,  The  Works,  both  Humane  and  Divine,  of  Robert 
Herrick,. Lon.,  1648,  8vo.  To  this  vol.  was  appended  his 
"Noble  Numbers;  or,  his  Pieces  wherein  (among  other 
things)  he  sings  the  Birth  of  Christ,  and  sighs  for  his 
Saviour's  Sufferings  on  the  Cross,"  1647,  pp.  79.  Bibl. 
Anglo-Poet.,  340,  £8  8s. 

"  These  two  books  of  poetry  made  him  much  admired  in  the 
time  when  they  were  published,  especially  by  the  generous  and 
boon-loyalists  among  whom  he  was  numbered  as  a  sufferer." — 
Athen.  Oxon. 

2.  Select  Poems  from  the  Hesperides,  with  Occasional  ! 
Remarks  by  J.  N(ott,  D.D.).,  Bristol,  1810,  sm.  8vo,  pp.  253. 

3.  The  Works  of  Robert  Herrick,  Edin.,  1823,  2  vols.  cr.  8vo. 

4.  Lon.,  1825,  2  vols.  cr.  8vo.     5.  Hesperides,  and  Selected 
Works,  by  C.  Short,  1839, 12mo.  6.  Hesperides,  1844, 2  vols. 
24mo.    7. 1846,  2  vols.  12mo.    8. 1846,  2  vols.  p.  8vo.    9.  Se 
lections  for  Translations  into  Latin  Verse,  1848,  12mo. 
10.  Hesperides,  1850,18mo.  11.1852.   12.1856,2vols.l2mo. 

"  Herrick's  Hesperides  is  a  vol.  of  equal  rarity  and  merit.  Seve 
ral  of  his  poems  have  been  revived  in  modern  collections:  the  best 
perhaps  will  be  found  in  Drake's  Literary  Hours;  those  which 
more  especially  relate  to  himself  and  his  family,  in  Nichols's  Hist, 
of  Leicestershire,  where  also  are  several  of  his  letters." — Bliss's 
Wood's  Athen.  Oxon.,  iii.  251. 

Among  the  best-known  of  his  pieces  are  Cherry  Ripe, 
Gather  the  Rose-buds  where  ye  may,  To  Blossoms,  To 
Daffodils,  The  Kiss,  To  Corinna,  Poems  to  and  upon  Julia, 
To  Primroses  filled  with  Morning  Dew,  To  Find  God,  and 
A  Thanksgiving  for  his  House. 

Herrick  is  a  most  exquisite  poet,  but,  unfortunately,  de 
lighted  in  the  wanderings  of  a  libertine  muse.  To  quote 
the  language  of  Dr.  Drake,  in  the  work  just  referred  to: 

"  So  injudiciously  are  the  contents  of  his  volume  disposed,  and 
so  totally  divested  of  order  and  propriety,  that  it  would  almost 
seem  the  poet  wished  to  pollute  and  bury  his  best  effusions  in  a 
mass  of  nonsense  and  obscenity.  Nine  persons  out  of  ten  who 
should  casually  dip  into  the  collection  would,  in  all  probability, 
after  glancing  over  a  few  trifling  epigrams,  throw  it  down  with 
indignation,  little  apprehending  it  contained  many  pieces  of  a 
truly  moral  and  pathetic,  and  of  an  exquisitely  rural  and  descrip 
tive,  strain.  Such,  however,  is  the  case."— Literary  Hours,  1820, 
i.  14:  and  see  ii.  353-387. 

We  quote  some  other  opinions  respecting  the  character 
istics  of  this  favourite  poet. 

Phillips,  rather  coldly,  allows  him  to  have  shown  occa 
sionally  "a  pretty  flowery  and  pastoral  gale  of  fancy," 
(Theatrum  Poetarum;)  but  another  contemporary  critic 
assures  us,  with  more  vehemence  than  elegance,  that ' 

" Horace, 

He  was  but  a  sour-ass, 

And  good  for  nothing  but  lyric; 

There's  but  one  to  be  found 

In  all  English  ground 

Writes  so  well,  who  is  hight  Robert  Herrick." 

Naps  upon  Parnassus,  (1658.) 

But  let  us  look  a  little  into  the  verdict  of  modern  criti 
cism  : 

"  He  has  much  of  the  lively  grace  that  distinguishes  Anacreon 
and  Catullus,  and  approaches  also,  with  a  less  cloying  monotony, 
to  the  Basia  of  Joannes  Secundus.  Herrick  has  as  much  variety 
as  the  poetry  of  kisses  can  well  have ;  but  his  love  is  in  a  very 
slight  degree  that  of  sentiment,  or  even  any  intense  passion ;  his 
mistresses  have  little  to  recommend  them,  even  in  his  own  eyes, 
save  their  beauties,  and  none  of  these  are  omitted  in  his  catalogues. 
Yet  he  is  abundant  in  the  resources  of  verse ;  without  the  exu 
berant  gaiety  of  Suckling,  or,  perhaps,  the  delicacy  of  Carew,  he  is 
sportive,  fanciful,  and  generally  of  polished  language." — Hallam's 
Lit.  Hist,  of  Europe. 

"  More  than  any  eminent  writer  of  that  day,  Herrick's  collection 
requires  careful  sifting ;  but  there  is  so  much  fancy,  so  much  deli 
cacy,  so  much  grace,  that  a  good  selection  would  well  repay  the 
publisher.    Bits  there  are  that  are  exquisite;  as  when,  in  enume 
rating  the  cates  composing  Oberon's  Feast,  in  his  Fairy-land,  he 
includes,  aiuong  a  strange  farrago  of  unimaginable  dishes, 
" '  The  broke  heart  of  a  nightingale 
Overcome  in  music.' 
53 


HER 

"  Some  of  his  pieces,  too,  contain  curious  illustrations  of  the  cus 
toms,  manners,  and  prejudices  of  our  ancestors But  his  real 

delight  was  among  flowers  and  bees,  and  nymphs  and  cupids ;  and 
certainly  these  graceful  subjects  were  never  handled  more  grace 
fully." — MARY  RUSSELL  MITFORD  :  Recollec.  of  a  Literary  Life. 

"  Herrick's  vein  of  poetry  is  very  irregular;  but  where  the  ore 
is  pure  it  is  of  high  value.  ...  To  his  Hesperides,  or  Works  Hu 
man  and  Divine,  he  added  some  pieces  on  religious  subjects,  where 
his  volatile  genius  was  not  in  her  element." — Campbell's  Notices 
of  the  British  Poets. 

"  Herrick  possessed  a  vigour  of  fancy,  a  warmth  of  feeling,  a 
soundness  of  sense,  and  an  ease  of  versification,  sufficient  to  rank 
him  very  high  in  the  scale  of  English  minor  poets." — Lon.  Quar. 
Rev.,  iv.  167-174. 

"  He  displays  considerable  facility  of  simple  diction,  and  consi 
derable  variety  of  lyrical  versification.  He  is  successful  in  imitat 
ing  the  sprightliness  of  Anacreontic  gaiety  and  the  lucid  neatness 
of  the  ancient  anthologists."— Blaekwood's  Mag.,  xlv.  782-794,  q.  v.: 
see  also  xxxiv.  123. 

"  Forgetting  the  impurities  of  our  author,  and  estimating  the 
chaste  effusions  of  his  felicitous  genius,  we  do  not  hesitate  to  pro 
nounce  him  the  very  best  of  English  Lyric  Poets.  He  is  the  most 
joyous  and  gladsome  of  bards ;  singing,  like  the  grasshopper,  as 
if  he  would  never  grow  old.  He  is  as  fresh  as  the  spring,  as  blithe 
as  summer,  and  as  ripe  as  autumn.  We  know  of  no  English  poet 
who  is  so  abandonni,  as  the  French  term  it.  who  so  wholly  gives 
himself  up  to  his  present  feelings,  who  is  so  much  heart  and  soul 
in  what  he  writes,  and  this  not  on  one  subject  only,  but  on  all 
subjects  alike.  .  .  .  His  poems  resemble  a  luxuriant  meadow,  full 
of  king-cups  and  wild-flowers,  or  a  July  firmament  sparkling  with 
a  myriad  of  stars."— ion.  Retrosp.  Rev.,  v.  156-180,  1822. 

See  also  Nichols's  Hist,  of  Leicestershire ;  Hallam's  Lit. 
Hist,  of  Europe,  4th  ed.,  1854,  iii.  43 ;  Gent.  Mag.,  Ixvi., 
Pt.  1,  384,  461,  463 ;  Pt.  2,  645,  736 ;  Ixvii.,  Pt,  1,  102. 

The  Herricks  of  New  England  are  descended  from  the 
ancient  family  which  claims  the  poet;  and  A  Genealogical 
Register  of  the  name  and  family  of  Herrick  was  pub.  by 
Jedediah  Herrick,  in  1846,  at  Bangor,  Maine. 

The  poetry  of  Herrick  had  been  wellnigh  forgotten 
until  about  the  commencement  of  the  present  century, 
when,  by  the  exertions  of  Dr.  Nott,  Dr.  Drake,  Mr.  Ellis, 
and  a  writer  in  the  Gent.  Mag.  for  1796,  (see  ante,)  he 
secured  a  popularity  which  seems  likely  to  remain  perma 
nent  among  the  disciples  of  the  school  of  English  Lyric 
Poetry.  If  we  are  deemed  unnecessarily  harsh  in  our 
condemnation  of  those  licentious  strains  which  disfigure 
the  beauty  of  so  many  pages  of  Herrick's  HESPERIDES, 
we  need  do  no  more  than  record  the  author's  own  mature 
verdict  on  these  frequent  transgressions  against  good  taste 
and  good  morals : 

"  For  these  my  unbaptized  rhymes, 

Writ  in  my  wild  unhallowed  times, — 

For  every  sentence,  clause,  and  word, 

That's  not  inlaid  with  thee,  0  Lord!— 

Forgive  me,  God,  and  blot  each  line 

Out  of  my  book  that  is  not  thine : 

But  if  'mongst  all  thou  findest  one 

Worthy  thy  benediction, 

That  one  of  all  the  rest  shall  be 

The  glory  of  my  work  and  me." 

It  is  well  thus  to  repent  of  an  offence :  but  far  better 
would  it  have  been  never  to  have  offended ! 

Henries,  John.  Elements  of  Speech,  Lon.,  1773, 
8vo.  This  work  has  elicited  high  commendation. 

Herries,  John  Charles.  1.  Financial  and  Com 
mercial  Affairs,  1797,  8vo.  2.  State  of  Europe,  1802,  8vo. 
3.  Instructions  for  Cavalry,  1804-05,  2  vols.  8ro. 

Herring,  or  Hering,  Francis,  M.D.,  pub.  a  Latin 
poem,  three  works  on  the  Plague,  &c.,  Lon.,  1603-65. 

Herring,  Richard.  Paper  and  Paper-Making,  Lon., 
1855,  8vo.  See  Longman's  Notes  on  Books,  Nov.  30, 
1855,  p.  44. 

Herring,  Thomas,  D.D.,  1691-1757,  a  native  of 
Walsoken,  Norfolk,  educated  at  Jesus  College,  Cambridge ; 
Fellow  of  Corpus  Christi  College,  1716 ;  Rector  of  Ret- 
tenden,  Essex,  and  of  Barclay,  Hertfordshire,  1722; 
Preacher  of  Lincoln's  Inn,  1726;  Dean  of  Rochester, 
1731 ;  Bishop  of  Bangor,  1737 ;  trans,  to  York,  1743,  and 
to  Canterbury,  1747.  1.  Letter  to  the  Bishops  of  hi» 
province,  Lon.,  1748,  8vo.  2.  Serm.  on  Acts  xxvi.  18, 
Oxon.,  1756,  4to.  3.  Seven  Serms.  on  Public  Occasions, 
with  a  Memoir  by  Wm.  Duncombe,  Lon.,  1763,  8vo. 

"  Elegant,  spirited,  and  masterly." — Lon.  Oritical  Rev. 

4.  Letters  to  Wm.  Dunco-mbe,  1728-57,  12mo,  1777. 

Herring,  Thomas,  Preb.  of  York,  and  Rector  of 
Cullesden,  Surrey.  Serm.,  Lon.,  1765,  4to. 

Herringham,  W.    Serm.,  1804. 

Herriott,  George.     See  HERIOT. 

Herrman,  T.  C.  Inhabitants  of  Russia;  Thorn. 
Ann.  Philos.,  iii.  165,  438,  3814. 

Herschel,  Caroline  Lucretia,  1750-1848,  sister 
and  assistant  of  the  distinguished  astronomer,  Dr.  William 
Herschel,  was  also  a  native  of  Hanover,  where  she  resided 
until  her  twenty-second  year,  when  she  joined  her  brother 


HER 


HER 


William,  then  a  musician,  at  Bath,  in  England.  On  her 
brother's  death,  in  1822,  she  returned  to  Hanover,  after  a 
residence  in  England  of  more  than  half  a  century.  She 
made  a  number  of  astronomical  discoveries,  (see  Gent. 
Mag.,  April,  1848,)  and  gave  to  the  world— 1.  A  Cata 
logue  of  561  stars  observed  by  Flamsteed.  2.  A  General 
Index  of  Reference  to  every  Observation  of  every  Star 
inserted  in  the  British  Catalogue ;  with  introductory  and 
explanatory  remarks  to  each  of  them,  by  Wm.  Herschel, 
LL.D.  These  two  works  were  pub.  together  in  one  vol. 
by  the  Royal  Society,  Lon.,  1798,  fol.  Miss  Herschel 
also  completed  the  reduction  and  arrangement  of  a  Zone- 
Catalogue  of  all  the  nebulae  and  clusters  of  stars  observed 
by  her  brother  in  his  sweeps, — a  work  which  was  rewarded 
by  the  Gold  Medal  of  the  Astronomical  Society  of  Lon 
don,  in  1828.  Miss  H.  also  pub.  An  Account  of  a  New 
Comet,  Phil.  Trans.,  1787 ;  Discovery  of  a  New  Comet, 
Phil.  Trans.,  1796. 

"  A  lady  eminent  for  her  scientific  knowledge  and  unwavering 
perseverance  in  astronomical  discovery." — Hannah  At.  Bouvier1! 
familiar  Astronomy,  Phila.,  1857,  8vo,  p.  191 ;  and  see  p.  235-236 : 
see  also  Dr.  J.  P.  Nichol's  Architecture  of  the  Heavens ;  Baily's 
Life  of  Flamsteed;  Gent.  Mag.,  April,  1848. 

Miss  Bouvier's  Familiar  Astronomy — just  referred  to — 
has  elicited  warm  commendations  from  distinguished 
authorities;  and  it  will  be  found  an  invaluable  assistant 
and  an  agreeable  companion  in  every  family,  school,  or 
private  library. 

Herschel,  Sir  John  Frederick  William,  D.C.L., 
Master  of  the  Mint  since  1850,  an  eminent  astronomer, 
b.  1790,  at  Slough,  near  Windsor,  England,  is  the  only 
son  of  the  distinguished  astronomer,  Sir  William  Herschel. 
After  completing  his  studies  at  St.  John's  College,  Cam 
bridge,  and  attaining  great  distinction  as  a  mathematician, 
he  naturally  turned  his  attention  to  the  noble  science 
which  had  already  made  his  name  immortal.  His  success 
in  this  brilliant  field  of  investigation  is  too  well  known 
to  call  for  much  comment  at  our  hands.  In  1838  he  was 
made  a  baronet;  in  1839  created  a  D.C.L.  of  Oxford;  and 
in  1842  elected  Lord-Rector  of  Marischal  College,  Aberdeen. 
In  addition  to  many  papers  pub.  in  the  Transactions  of 
the  Royal  Society  and  of  the  Astronomical  Society,  a  recon 
struction  (in  conjunction  with  Peacock)  of  Lacroix's  trea 
tise  on  the  Differential  Calculus,  editing  Spence's  Mathe 
matical  Essays,  and  contributing  treatises  on  Sound,  Light, 
and  Physical  Astronomy,  to  the  Encyclopaedia  Metropoli- 
tana,  and  other  essays  to  various  journals,  Sir  John  Her 
schel  has  given  to  the  world  the  following  valuable  works  : 
1.  A  Preliminary  Discourse  on  the  Study  of  Natural  Phi 
losophy,  Lon.,  1830,  12mo,  pp.  372;  vol.  xiv.  of  Lardner's 
Cyc.  New  ed.,  1851, 12mo. 

"  Without  doing  more  than  alluding  to  the  delight  with  which 
this  work  has  been  several  times  perused  by  the  writer  of  these 
pages,  he  can  assure  the  reader  that  he  has  frequently  heard  the 
most  eminent  scientific  men  speak  of  it  as  a  singularly  beautiful, 
accurate,  and  masterly  performance.  Its  author  will  be  univer 
sally  admitted  to  be  consummately  qualified  for  such  an  under 
taking, — as  far  as  the  union  of  exact  and  profound  science  with 
elegant  and  varied  accomplishments  and  refined  taste  can  be 
considered  as  constituting  such  qualification.  The  style  is  se 
verely  chaste,  and  not  obscured  by  technicalities." —  Warren's  Law 
Studies,  2d  ed.,  1845, 196-197. 

An  eminent  modern  authority,  referring  to  Professor  Play- 
fair's  abstract — in  his  Prelim.  Dissert,  to  Encyc.  Brit. — of 
the  second  book  of  Bacon's  Novum  Organum,  and  the 
commentator's  illustrations  from  modern  science,  remarks : 

"Sir  John  Herschel,  in  his  admirable  Discourse  on  Natural 
Philosophy,  has  added  a  greater  number  from  still  more  recent 
discoveries,  and  has  also  furnished  such  a  luminous  development 
of  the  difficulties  of  the  Novum  Organum  as  had  been  vainly 
hoped  for  in  former  times."— Hallam's  Lit.  Hist,  of  Europe,  4th 
ed.,  1854,  vol.  ii.  412;  see  also  same  vol.,  411,  n.,  442,  n. 

"This  discourse,  as  a  collection  of  important  facts  interesting 
to  every  human  being,  is  without  a  rival.  The  whole  is  a  master 
piece,  that  reflects  the  highest  honour  on  the  author,  not  less  as 
a  philosopher  than  as  a  man." — Lon.  Month.  Rev. 

See  Lon.  Quar.  Rev.,  Ixxxviii.  374-407 ;  Ixxxv.  3. 
"  Sir  John  Herschel  is  eminently  qualified  for  this  task,  being 
a  distinguished  example  of  a  person  possessing  a  profound  and 
complete  knowledge  of  almost  every  branch  of  physics." — Lon. 
Quar.  Rev. 

2.  A  Treatise  on  Astronomy,  1833,  12mo ;  vol.  xliii.  of 
Lardner's  Cyc. 

"  We  recommend  it  to  the  attention  of  everybody  who  wishes  to 
become  acquainted  with  the  sublime  truths  of  astronomy,  with 
out  having  his ;  mind  harassed  by  the  technical  details  which 
render  almost  all  oth«r  works  of  the  kind  repulsive  to  the  general 
reader."— Lon.  Quar.  Rev.  See  Edin.  Rev.,  Iviii.  164-198. 

3.  A  Treatise  on  Physical  Astronomy,  4to.     4.  Results 
of    Astronomical   Observations   made  during   the   years 
1834,  '35,  '36,  '37,  '38,  at  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope ;  being 
the  completion  of  a  Telescopic  Survey  of  the  whole  Surface 
of  the  Visible  Heavens,  commenced  in  1825,  4to,  1847. 


"  The  work  whose  title  we  have  placed  at  the  head  of  this  article 
rms  the  record  of  the  completion  of  the  greatest  astronomical 
enterprise  that  was  ever  undertaken  by  the  members  of  one 
family.  It  was  begun  about  seventy  years  ago,  by  Sir  William 
Herschel,  the  father,  assisted  by  his  sister  Caroline  and  his  brother 
Alexander,  and  continued  by  him,  with  little  or  no  interruption, 
almost  down  to  the  close  of  a  very  long  life.  ...  In  1825  it  was 
resumed  by  his  son." — Edin.  Rev.,  Ixxxviii.  104-143. 

Read  this  valuable  paper;  also  articles  in  Lon.  Quar. 
Rev.,  Ixxxv.  1-31  •  N.  Brit.  Rev.,  viii.  263,  (same  art.  in 
Liv.  Age,  xvi.  577-596  ;)  Amer.  Jour,  of  Sci.,  2d  Ser.,  v.  86. 

5.  Outlines  of  Astronomy,  1849,  8vo.    This  maybe  con 
sidered  an  enlarged  ed.  of  No.  2.     5th  ed.,  thoroughly  re 
vised  and  corrected  to  the  existing  state  of  astronomical 
science,  1858,  8vo.     See  Lon.  Quar.  Rev.,  Ixxxv.  3,  31  ; 
Church  of  Eng.  Quar.  Rev. ;    Lon.  Evangel.  Rev. ;   Lon. 
Eclec.  Rev.,  4th  Ser.,  xxvi.  576 ;  Bost.  Chris.  Exam.,  xlvii. 
268 ;    Lon.  Athenaeum,   May  26,  1849 ;   Lon.  Examiner, 
May  19,  1849. 

"We  take  our  leave  of  this  remarkable  work,  which  we  hold  to 
be,  beyond  a  doubt,  the  most  remarkable  of  the  works  in  which 
the  laws  of  astronomy  and  the  appearances  of  the  heavens  are 
described  to  those  who  are  not  mathematicians  nor  observers,  and 
recalled  to  those  who  are.  ...  It  is  the  reward  of  men  who  can 
descend  from  the  advancement  of  knowledge  to  care  for  its  diffu 
sion,  that  their  works  are  essential  to  all, — that  they  become  the 
manuals  of  the  proficient  as  well  as  the  text-books  of  the  learner." 
— Lon.  Athenaum,  ubi  supra. 

6.  A   Manual  of  Scientific  Enquiry,  1849,  p.  8vo ;  2d 
ed.,  1851,  p.  8vo.     Edited  by  Sir  John  F.  W.  Herschel. 
Pub.  by  Authority  of  the  Lords-Commissioners   of  the 
Admiralty.      Prepared  for   the  use  of  H.  M.  Navy,  and 
for  travellers  in  general.    The  treatises  in  this  vol. — which 
are  by  the  editor,  Sir  W.  J.  Hooker,  Sir  H.  De  La  Beche, 
Lt.-Col.    Sabine,   Drs.  Whewell,   Pritchard,  and  Bryson, 
and  Messrs.  Airy,  Beechey,   Hamilton,  Darwin,   Mallet, 
Birt,  Owen,  and  Porter — were  drawn  up  at  the  request  of 
the  late  Lord  Auckland,  in  accordance  with  a  memorandum 
by  the  Lords  of  the  Admiralty.     It  may  well  be  believed 
that  such  a  volume  is  literally  invaluable. 

"The  reader  has  the  pith  of  the  matter  by  the  shortest  cut,  and 
pretty  much  as  a  professional  pupil  would  be  taught  by  a  practical 
man.  He  is  told  to  do  the  easiest  things,  and  how  to  do  them ; 
and,  what  mi^ht  not  always  be  gotten  from  a  practical  man,  indi 
cations  are  often  given  of  the  principles  of  the  science,  and  the 
best  elementary  books  are  pointed  out.  A  Manual  of  Scientific 
Enquiry  will  not  only  be  found  an  admirable  book  for  its  express 
object,  but  may  be  used  advantageously  by  all  travellers,  and  pe 
rused  with  interest  at  home." — Lon.  Spectator.  See  also  Lon.  M. 
Herald,  1849. 

7.  Essays  from  the  Edinburgh  and  Quarterly  Reviews, 
with  Addresses  and  other  Pieces,  1857,  8vo. 

Great  as  are  the  obligations  of  the  world  to  Sir  John 
Herschel,  the  public  are  not  willing  to  abandon  the  hope 
of  further  illustrations  of  the  noble  science  of  which  he 
is  so  erudite  a  professor.  To  adopt  the  language  of  an 
ardent  admirer  of  his  works, 

"  If  his  day  of  laborious  observation  be  over,  we  trust  that  of 
thought  and  speculation  will  continue." — Lon.  Athen.,  ubi  supra. 

Herschel,  Sir  William,  LL.D.,  1738-1822,  one  of 
the  most  illustrious  of  astronomers,  was  a  native  of  Hano 
ver,  the  son  of  a  musician,  who  educated  his  five  sons  to 
the  same  profession.  At  the  age  of  fourteen  William  was 
placed  in  the  band  of  the  Hanoverian  Foot  Guards ;  but, 
dissatisfied  with  this  humble  position,  he  determined  to 
try  his  fortune  in  England,  where  he  arrived  about  the 
end  of  1757.  Whilst  busily  employed  as  a  teacher  of 
music,  he  yet  found  leisure  for  the  prosecution  of  his  stu 
dies  in  mathematics,  and  especially  in  astronomy,  for 
which  science  he  entertained  an  enthusiastic  attachment. 
Having  succeeded,  after  many  trials,  in  making  a  number 
of  excellent  telescopes,  he  commenced  his  observations  in 
1776,  and  continued  them  with  unwearied  zeal.  At  length, 
in  1781,  he  discovered  what  he  at  first  thought  a  comet, 
but  what  proved  to  be  a  new  planet, — the  Georgium  Sidus, 
now  called  Uranus,  from  its  being  next  to  Saturn.  For  a 
detailed  account  of  the  results  of  his  observations — which 
were  continued  until  within  a  few  months  of  his  death — 
we  must  refer  the  reader  to  the  list  of  his  papers  in  Phil. 
Trans.,  1780-1820;  contrib.  to  Nich.  Jour,  and  to  Trans. 
Astron.  Soc. ;  Arago's  account  of  Herschel  in  the  Annuaire, 
1842 ;  Annual  Biography,  Lon.,  1823 ;  Gent.  Mag.,  Sept. 
1822;  Chambers's  Journal;  For.  Quar.  Rev.,  xxxi.  438; 
Edin.  Philos.  Jour.,  April,  1823 ;  Edin.  Encyc.,  art.  As 
tronomy;  Edin.  Rev.,  i.  426;  Niles's  (Bait.)  Reg.,  ii.  154; 
N.  Y.  Eclec.  Mus.,  ii.  556.  See  also  HERSCHEL,  CAROLINE 
LUCRETIA  ;  HERSCHEL,  SIR  JOHN  FREDERICK  WILLIAM. 

In  1786  Herschel  received  the  degree  of  D.C.L.  from 
the  University  of  Oxford;  in  1816  he  was  knighted,  and 
in  1820  elected  the  first  President  of  the  Astronomical 
Society. 

"  As  an  astronomer  he  was  surpassed  by  no  one  of  the  present 


HER 

age;  and  the  depth  of  his  scientific  research  and  extent  of  his  ob 
servations  rendered  him  perhaps  second  only  to  the  immortal 
Newton." — Lon.  Gent.  Mag.,  ubi  supra. 

But  we  must  not  forget  to  quote  the  eloquent  tribute  of 
the  historian  of  modern  Europe  to  the  merits  of  the  illus 
trious  subject  of  our  notice  : 

"  Herschel,  by  multiplying  with  incredible  labour  and  skill  the 
powers  of  the  telescope,  was  enabled  to  look  further  into  space 
than  man  had  ever  done  before,  discover  a  world  hitherto  unseen 
in  the  firmament,  and,  in  the  Georgium  Sidus,  add  a  '  new  string 
to  the  lyre  of  heaven.' "— Alison's  Hist,  of  Europe,  1815-52,  chap.  v. 

Herschell,  Philip.  Strictures  on  the  past  Hist,  of 
the  Jews,  and  on  the  future  Prospects  of  that  People,  Lon., 
1831,  12mo. 

Herschell,  Ridley  H.  1.  Sketch  of  the  Present 
State  and  Future  Expectations  of  the  Jews,  1833,  Lon. ; 
4th  ed.,  1837,  18mo.  See  Lowndes's  Brit.  Lib.,  1255. 
2.  Reasons  why  I,  a  Jew,  have  become  a  Catholic,  and 
not  a  Roman  Catholic,  Lon.,  1842,  8vo. 

Herser,  T.     Poems,  Rural  and  Domestic,  1812,  8yo. 

Hertell,  Thomas.  The  Demurrer;  or,  Proofs  of 
Error  in  the  Decisions  of  the  Supreme  Ct.  of  N.  York,  N. 
York,  8vo. 

Hertford,  Marquis  of.     See  SEYMOUR,  WILLIAM. 

Hertslet,  Lewis.  Treaties,  Ac.  between  G.  Brit, 
and  Foreign  Powers,  Lon.,  1820-51,  8  vols.  8vo.  A  work 
of  great  value,  compiled  from  authentic  documents. 

Herty,  Thomas.  1.  Digest  of  the  Laws  of  Mary 
land  to  Nov.  1797,  Bait.,  1799,  8vo.  2.  Digest  of  the  Laws 
of  the  U.  States,  1789-99,  8vo,  1800. 

Herve,  Peter.  1.  How  to  enjoy  Paris,  1816,  2  vols. 
2.  The  New  Picture  of  Paris,  Lon.,  1829,  12mo. 

Hervey,  Mrs.,  of  Aiton.  1.  The  Mourtray  Family; 
a  Nov.,  Lon.,  1810 ;  3d  ed.,  1813,  4  vols.  2.  Anabel,  1813, 
4  vols.  12mo.  3.  Auberry  Stanhope,  1815,  3  vols. 

Hervey,  Lord  Arthur,  Rector  of  Ickworth,  and  Cu 
rate  of  Horringer.  1.  Serms.  for  the  Sundays  and  Principal 
Holydays  throughout  the  Year,  Lon.,  1851,  2  vols.  12mo. 

"  They  are  plain  and  unaffected  productions,  intended  for  rural 
congregations,  and  well  adapted  to  them." — Lon.  Guardian. 

2.  The  Genealogies  of  our  Lord  and   Saviour  Jesus 
Christ,  Camb.,  1853,  8vo. 

"  The  production  of  a  thorough  scholar."— Brit.  Quar.  Rev. 
"  A  valuable  storehouse  of  information  on  this  important  sub 
ject." — Jour,  of  Sacred  Lit. 

3.  The  Inspiration  of  Holy  Scripture  :  5  Serms.  preached 
before  the  University,  Dec.  1855,  8vo,  1856. 

Hervey,  Christopher.  Letters  from  Portugal,  Spain, 
Italy,  and  Germany,  in  1759-61,  Lon.,  1785,  3  vols.  8vo. 

Hervey,  Mrs.  Eleonora  Louisa.  See  HERVEY, 
MRS.  THOMAS  KIBBLE. 

Hervey,  Frederic.  1.  The  Naval  Hist,  of  G.  Britain, 
Lon.,  1779,  8vo.  This  work  does  not  occupy  a  high  rank. 
2.  Geography,  1785,  fol. 

Hervey,  George  Winfred.  1.  The  Principles  of 
Courtesy,  N.  York,  1852, 12mo.  2.  Rhetoric  of  Conversa 
tion,  1853,  12mo. 

"In  this  volume,  by  an  American  writer,  will  be  found  much 
sensible  and  entertaining  counsel,  and  illustrations  historical  and 
biographical." — Lon.  Literary  Gazette. 

See  Lon.  Athenaeum,  1854,  p.  405. 

Hervey,  J.     The  Castle  of  Tynemouth,  1806,  2  vols. 

Hervey,  James,  1713-14-1758,  a  profound  scholar 
and  exemplary  divine,  a  native  of  Hardingstone,  was  edu 
cated  at  Lincoln  College,  Oxford;  Curate  of  Dummer, 
Hampshire,  about  1736;  obtained  the  livings  of  Weston- 
Favel  and  Collingtree  about  1752.  Mr.  Hervey  pub.  many 
occasional  serms.,  and  several  works,  of  which  the  follow 
ing  are  the  best-known :  1.  Meditations  and  Contempla 
tions  :  vol.  i.,  containing  Meditations  among  the  Tombs; 
Reflections  on  a  Flower  Garden ;  and  a  Descant  on  Crea 
tion,  Lon.,  1746,  8vo;  vol.  ii.,  containing  Contemplations 
on  the  Night  and  Starry  Heavens,  and  a  Winter  Piece, 
1747,  8vo.  Many  eds.  Generally  bound  together,  and 
referred  to  as  one  work,  under  the  title  of  Hervey's  Medi 
tations.  Last  ed.,  1855, 12mo.  In  Blank  Verse,  by  Thos. 
Newcomb,  1757,  2  vols.  8vo. 

"  Hervey's  Meditations,  with  the  Pilgrim's  Progress,  the  Duty 
of  Man,  and  the  Bible,  are  commonly  seen  together  on  a  shelf  in 
the  cottages  in  England." 

The  style  of  the  Meditations  is  highly  poetical,  and 
abounds  in  imagery  not  always  of  the  most  classical  de 
scription  ;  but  this  floridity,  which  displeased  the  critics, 
enchanted  the  multitude.  Southey  remarks  that  the  work  is 

"  Not  more  laudable  in  its  purport  than  vicious  in  its  style,  and, 
therefore,  one  of  the  most  popular  that  ever  was  written." 

Another  critic  remarks : 

"I  cannot  help  thinking  that  it  reflects  more  honour  on  the 
religious  turn  and  good  dispositions  of  the  present  age,  than  on 
the  public  taste,  that  Mr.  Hervey's  Meditations  have  had  so  great 
a  currency.  The  pious  and  benevolent  heart  which  is  always  dis- 


HER 

played  in  them,  and  the  lively  fancy  which,  on  some  occasions, 
appears,  justly  merited  applause ;  but  the  perpetual  glitter  of  ex 
pression,  the  swoln  imagery  and  strained  description  which  abound 
in  them,  are  ornaments  of  a  false  kind.  I  would,  therefore,  ad 
vise  students  of  oratory  to  imitate  Mr.  Hervey's  piety  rather  than 
his  style ;  and,  in  all  compositions  of  a  serious  kind,  to  turn  their 
attention,  as  Mr.  Pope  says,  '  from  sounds  to  things,  from  fancy  to 
the  heart.'"— Blair's  Lects.  on  Rhet.  and  Belles-Lettres. 

"  Prosaic  verse,  everybody  knows,  is  what  anybody  may  write 
and  nobody  will  endure ;  nor,  in  a  polite  age,  can  it,  under  any 
circumstances,  be  rendered  attractive.  But  poetical  prose,  though 
the  dullest,  heaviest,  clumsiest  kind  of  literature,  has,  in  some 
notorious  instances,  found  more  favour.  .  .  .  Some  works  of  this 
description,  however,  have  been  extensively  read  in  our  refractory 
language;  bat  their  day  is  gone  by.  The  pious  sentiments  of 
Hervey's  Meditations  recommended  the  fantastic  style  in  which 
they  were  disguised  to  multitudes,  who  persuaded  themselves 
that  they  were  pleased  because  they  supposed  that,  in  such  a 
case,  they  ought  to  be,  with  fine  words  and  so  many  of  them." — 
Montgomery's  Lects.  on  General  Lit.,  Poetry,  <&c. 

And  see  extract  from  Williams's  Christian  Preacher,  at 
conclusion  of  this  article. 

"  To  attempt  to  describe  all  the  beauties  and  perfections  of  his 
CONTEMPLATIONS  and  DIALOGUES  would  be  as  vain  as  to  try  to  paint 
the  beams  of  the  sun  in  its  meridian  glory."— Dr.  Rylances  Cotton 
Matter. 

2.  Remarks  on  Bolingbroke's  Letters  on  History,  1753, 
8vo.  3.  Theron  and  Apasio;  or,  A  Series  of  Dialogues 
and  Letters  on  the  most  Important  Subjects,  Lon.,  1753- 
55,  3  vols.  8vo.  Many  eds.  New  eds.,  2  vols.  18mo ;  2 
vols.  8vo ;  1  vol.  8vo;  1837, 1  vol.  8vo,  pp.  690  :  see  No.  6, 
post.  This  work  advocates  very  strenuously  the  doctrine 
of  the  imputed  righteousness  of  Christ,  and  in  consequence 
thereof  it  was  attacked  by  a  number  of  writers.  See 
Robert  Sandeman's  Letters  on  Theron  and  Aspasio,  4th 
ed.,  1768,  2  vols.  8vo,  where  will  be  found  an  account  of 
the  progress  of  the  controversy  and  of  the  principal  pieces 
that  were  written  against  Theron  and  Aspasio;  list  of 
works  on  the  subject  in  Lowndes's  Brit.  Lib.,  760-761  j 
authorities  cited  below. 

4.  VIII.  Serms.,  Oxf.,  1759, 12mo.  5.  Hervey's  Letters; 
with  an  Account  of  his  Life  and  Death,  1760,  Lon.,  2  vols. 
12mo ;  Berwick,  1770, 8vo.  6.  XI.  Letters  to  John  Wesley, 
in  answer  to  his  Remarks  on  Theron  and  Aspasio:  from 
the  author's  MS. ;  pub.  by  his  brother,  W.  Hervey,  Lon., 
1764,  8vo.  These  Letters  will  be  found  in  Tegg's  ed.  of 
Theron  and  Aspasio,  1837,  8vo,  and  perhaps  in  other  eds. 

"In  his  letters  to  Wesley  you  have  a  most  glorious  and  divine 
exposition  of  some  striking  passages."— DR.  RYLAND. 

7.  Letters  to  Lady  Shirley,  1782,  8vo,  consists  of  118 
Letters,  1750-58.  8.  Collected  Works,  ("genuine  edition," 
containing  the  above  works,  and  others,)  Newcastle,  1806, 
6  vols.  8vo.  This  ed.  was  pub.  by  Messrs.  Rivington,  whose 
predecessor  pub.  all  of  Hervey's  works.  Works,  1769,  6 
vols.  8vo;  1790,  9  vols.  cr.  8vo;  1797,  7  vdls.  8vo.  9. 
Letters,  Elegant,  Interesting  and  Evangelical,  Lon.,  1811, 
8vo.  This  may  be  considered  as  a  7th  vol.  of  his  Works. 
Hervey  wrote  a  Preface  for  Burnham's  Memorials  of  Pious 
Women,  1753, 8vo,  (see  p.  30  of  this  Dictionary,)  and  edited, 
with  a  Preface,  an  ed.  of  Jenks's  Meditations,  1757.  See 
Life  of  Hervey,  prefixed  to  his  Letters  and  to  his  Works  ; 
Beauties  of  Hervey,  with  his  Life,  1782,  12mo;  Dr.  Ry- 
land's  Character  and  Letters  of  Hervey,  1791,  8vo;  (very 
scarce,  Dr.  Ryland's  son  having  bought  all  the  copies  he 
could  procure,  and  destroyed  them :  copies  have  brought 
two  guineas  for  libraries ;)  Life  and  Character  of  Hervey, 
by  John  Brown,  1822,  8vo;  Herveiana,  or  graphic  and 
literary  Sketches  of  the  Life  and  Writings  of  the  Rev. 
James  Hervey,  Scarbro',  1822,  12mo;  Bickersteth's  Chris 
tian  Student,  4th  ed.,  Lon.,  1844,  fp.  8vo ;  Jamieson's  Cyc. 
of  Mod.  Relig.  Biog.,  1853,  p.  8vo. 

"In  Hervey's  works  are  displayed  a  firm  faith  in  the  divine  tes 
timony,  and  strong  traits  of  benevolence,  in  a  style  too  rich  and 
ornamental :  he,  therefore,  may  be  read  to  great  profit,  in  order  to 
strengthen  our  faith  in  the  promises,  to  raise  our  affections  towards 
heaven,  and  even  to  improve  our  style,  when  that  verges  to  the 
contrary  extreme  of  poverty,  whether  of  expression,  description, 
or  figurative  language;  but  a  rich  fancy  without  a  critical  judg 
ment  should  beware  of  Hervey  as  a  model." —  Williams's  Christian 
Preacher. 

The  reader  will  be  pleased  to  have  Hervey's  own  esti 
mate  of  his  abilities : 

"  My  friend,"  said  he  to  Dr.  Ryland,  "I  have  not  a  strong  mind; 
I  have  not  powers  fitted  for  arduous  researches ;  but  I  think  I 
have  a  power  of  writing  iu  somewhat  of  a  striking  manner,  so  far 
as  to  please  mankind  and  recommend  my  dear  Redeemer." 

He  tells  us  that  the  first  book  which  gave  him  "a  clear 
light  and  understanding  of  the  Gospel"  was  J.  L.  Zimmer 
man's  Excellency  of  the  Knowledge  of  Jesus  Christ:  "it 
is  enriched  with  deep  religious  experience,  and  was  his 
bosom  companion."  Trans,  by  Moses  Browne,  Lon.,  1772, 
12mo. 

Hervey,  John,  Lord  Hervey,  of  Ickworth,  1696-1743, 
indecently  attacked,  by  the  name  of  "Sporus,"  by  Pope, 


HER 


HET 


in  the  Prologue  to  the  Satires,  contributed  to  Middleton's 
Life  of  Cicero  the  translations  from  that  author,  wrote 
some  of  the  best  political  pamphlets  in  defence  of  Sir 
Robert  Walpole,  a  number  of  poetical  pieces,  and  some 
miscellaneous  compositions,  for  a  list  of  which  see  Park's 
Walpole's  R.  &  N.  Authors.  Also  consult  Brydges's  Col- 
lin's  Peerage;  Bowles's  Pope;  Coxe's  Memoirs  of  Walpole; 
Swift's  Works.  The  Letters  between  Lord  Hervey  and  Dr. 
Middleton  concerning  the  Roman  Senate  were  pub.  from 
the  original  MSS.,  by  Thomas  Knowles,  D.D.,  in  1778,  4to. 
The  best  of  his  lordship's  poetical  effusions  are  in  Dodsley's 
Collection.  There  appeared  in  1848,  2  vols.  8vo,  edited  by 
the  Rt.  Hon.  J.  W.  Croker,  from  the  family  archives  at 
Ickworth,  Lord  Hervey's  Memoirs  of  the  Court  of  George 
the  Second  and  Queen  Caroline.  New  ed.,  1854,  2  vols.  8vo. 

"  I  kuow  of  no  such  near  and  intimate  picture  of  the  interior 
of  a  court.  No  other  Memoirs  that  I  have  ever  read  bring  us  so 
immediately,  so  actually,  into  not  merely  the  presence,  but  the 
company,  of  the  personages  of  the  royal  circle. 

"  Lord  Hervey  is,  I  may  venture  to  say,  almost  the  Boswell  of 
George  II.  and  Queen  Caroline." — Editor's  Preface. 

"  These  volumes  are,  in  every  sense  of  the  word,  the  greatest 
accession  to  our  English  historical  literature  of  a  recent  period 
made  since  the  publication  of  PEPYS'S  DIARY  and  WALPOLE'S  ME 
MOIRS.  The  style,  if  we  forgive  a  certain  antithesis  of  manner, 
is  good — the  observations  are  from  the  fountain-head — the  cha 
racters  are  remarkably  well  drawn— and  the  matter  is  curiously 
confirmatory  of  Walpole's  Reminiscences,  Letters,  and  Memoirs. 

"  The  Editor's  notes  are  just  what  notes  should  be, — short,useful, 
generally  accurate,  and  always  to  the  point." — Lon.  Athenaeum. 

See  also  Lon.  Quar.  Rev.,  Ixxxii.  272;  Edin.  Rev., 
Ixxxviii.  254;  Eclec.  Rev.,  4th  Ser.,  xxiv.  184;  Eraser's 
Mag.,  xxxvii.  665. 

Hervey,  Lady  Mary,  wife  of  the  preceding,  and 
daughter  of  Brigadier-General  Nicholas  Leppell,  is  often 
mentioned  in  Pope's  and  Horace  Walpole's  Works,  and 
always  with  praise.  Her  Letters  were  pub.,  Lon.,  1821,  8vo. 
They  contain  notices  and  anecdotes  of  Lords  Chesterfield, 
Orford,  Mulgrave,  Stair,  Ac. ;  also  of  a  number  of  ambas 
sadors,  divines,  authors,  Ac.  of  the  day. 

Hervey,  Hon.  Thomas.  1.  Letter  to  Sir  T.  Han- 
mer,  Lon.,  1741,  8vo.  2.  Lett,  to  the  Rev.  Sir  W.  Bunbury, 
1741,  8vo.  3.  Lett,  to  Wm.  Pitt,  1746,  8vo. 

Hervey,  Rev.  Thomas.  Elementa  Christiana;  the 
XXXIX.  Articles  proved  to  be  agreeable  to  the  Word  of 
God,  Kendall,  1791,  12mo. 

"An  evangelical  exposition  of  the  Articles." — Bicker  steWs  C.  S. 

Hervey,  Thomas  Kibble,  Editor  of  the  Athenaeum 
for  about  eight  years,  (prior  to  1854,)  b.  in  Manchester 
England,  1804,  has  attained  a  considerable  reputation  for 
poetical  and  critical  abilities.  After  receiving  his  educa 
tion  at  Oxford  and  Cambridge,  he  devoted  some  time  to 
legal  studies,  but  soon  abandoned  Coke  and  Blackstone  for 
the  more  congenial  pursuit  of  letters.  We  may  be  per 
mitted  to  express  our  surprise  that  one  who  has  written 
with  such  success  should  have  written  so  little. 

1.  Australia,  and  other  Poems,  Lon.,  1824,  12mo. 

"  Where  almost  every  line  is  beautiful,  selection  is  difficult;  anc 
were  we  to  indulge  our  admiration,  by  selecting  every  part  of  this 
elegant  poem  which  claims  it,  our  extracts  might  subject  us  to  the 
charge  of  piracy."— British  Critic,  Aug.  1824. 

See  also  Metropolitan  Review ;  Critical  Gazette ;  New 
Monthly  Mag. ;  Universal  Review ;    Literary  Chronicle 
Literary  Gazette ;  Somerset  House  Gazette. 

2.  The  Poetical  Sketch-Book,  including  a  Third  Edition 
of  Australia,  1829,  p.  8vo.     Many  of  the  poems  in  this  col 
lection  were  originally  pub.  in  the  Annuals  of  the  day. 

"Floranthe.  the  most  exquisite  poem  of  its  length  almost  *eve 
written,  opens  the  book.  It  is  needless  to  make  a  selection  from 
what  is  already  so  popular." — Literary  Gazette,  1829,  360. 

3.  Illustrations  of  Modern  Sculpture,  with  18  Engravings 
1832,  fol. 

"  This  charming  work  includes  Baily's  Eve  at  the  Fountain,  anc 
Sleeping  Nymph;  Westmacott's  Distressed  Mother,  and  Happy 
Mother;  Chantrey's  Sleeping  Children;  Canova's  Dancing  Girl 
Venus,  and  Beneficence;  Flaxman's  Michael  and  Satan,  and  Mer 
eury  and  Pandora;  Thorwaldsen's  Hebe,  &c." 

4.  The  English  Helicon,  1841,  p.  8vo.     5.  The  Book  of 
Christmas. 

"  Every  leaf  of  this  book  affords  a  feast  worthy  of  the  season."— 
Dr.  Hawks's  (New  York)  Church  Record. 

Mr.  Hervey  is  also  the  author  of  a  satirical  poem  en 
titled  The  Devil's  Progress,  and  many  popular  pieces  con 
tributed  to  the  pages  of  Friendship's  Offering,  (for  some 
time  edited  by  Mr.  H.,)  The  Literary  Souvenir,  Ac.  See 
Blackwood's  Magazine,  xvii.  98-99,  xix.  88-89 ;  Men  of 
the  Time,  Lon.,  1856. 

"The  genius  of  T.  K.  Hervey  (for  he  has  genius  at  once  patheti 
and  refined)  is  not  unallied  to  that  of  Pringle  and  Watts,  but  witL 
a  dash  of  Thomas  Moore.  He  writes  uniformly  with  taste  and 
elaboration,  polishing  the  careless  and  rejecting  the  crude;  and, 
had  he  addressed  himself  more  earnestly  and  unreservedly  to  the 
task  of  composition,  I  have  little  doubt,  from  several  specimens 
836 


e  has  occasionally  exhibited,  that  he  mi<*ht  have  occupied  a  higher 
nd  more  distinguished  place  in  our  poetical  literature  than  he  can 
>e  said  to  have  attained.  His  Australia,  and  several  of  his  lyrics, 
were  juvenile  pledges  of  future  excellence  which  maturity  can 
carcely  be  said  to  have  fully  redeemed." — Moir's  Poet.  Lit.  of  the 
Past  Half-Century. 

Hervey,  Mrs.  Thomas  Kibble,  married  in  1843 

o  the  preceding,  previously  known  as  Miss  Eleonora 

Louisa  Montagu,  was  b.  in  1811,  at  Liverpool,  and  is 

daughter  of  George   Conway  Montagu,  Esq.,  of  Lack- 

lam,  Wilts,  a  member  of  a  collateral  branch  of  the  family 

f  the  Dukes  of  Manchester.     Miss  Montagu  acquired 

celebrity  at  an  early  age  by  her  poetical  contributions  to 

,he  Annuals  and  other  periodicals.     In  1839  she  pub.  The 

landgrave,  a  Dramatic  Poem,  and  since  her  marriage  has 

_iven  to  the  world— .Margaret  Russell,  an  Autobiography, 

1849,  fp.  Svo ;    The  Double  Claim,  1849,  sq.,  1853;    The 

Pathway  of  the  Fawn,  1851,  sq.,  1852;    (see  Athenaeum, 

No.  1262;)    Juvenile  Calendar  and  Zodiac  of   Flowers; 

with  twelve  Illustrations  of  the  Month,  by  Richard  Doyle  ; 

new  ed.,  1855,  16mo. 

"  One  of  the  most  charming  gift-books  for  the  young  which  w*3 
aave  ever  met  with." — Non-conformist. 

"  Never  has  the  graceful  pencil  of  Mr.  Doyle  been  more  grace- 
ully  employed  than  in  sketching  the  charming  illustrations  of 
this  charming  volume." — London  Sun. 

Heselrige,  Sir  Arthur,  M.P.,  d.  1660,  a  Parlia 
mentary  commander.  1.  Lett,  concerning  the  Revolt  and 
Recovery  of  Tinmouth  Castle,  Lon.,  1648,  4to.  2.  Lett. 
to  W.  Lenthal  concerning  a  great  Victory  obtained  by  the 
Parliament  Forces  in  Northumberland,  fol.,  1648. 

Hesketh,  Henry,  D.D.,  Rector  of  Charlewood,  Sur 
rey.  Serins.,  1678-99. 

Heskith,  Thomas.     Serms.,  1699-1703. 
Heskyns,    Thomas,   D.D.      The    Parliament    of 
Chryste,  <fcc.   against    M.  Juell  Brux,  1565,  fol.;  Antw., 
1566,  fol.     This  answer  to  Juell  on  the  Eucharist  was 
replied  to  by  Dr.  Fulke. 

Heselden,  W.  S.  Sails  for  Windmills,  1807,  Svo. 
Heslop,  Luke,  D.D.,  Archdeacon  of  Bucks,  and 
Rector  of  Bothal,  Northumberland,  pub.  two  Serms.  and 
a  Charge,  1807,  8vo,  and  some  treatises  on  agriculture, 
<fcc.,  1798-1805.  See  Watt's  Bibl.  Brit.;  Donaldson's 
Agricult.  Biog. 

Hesse,  E.    Vocabulary  of  German,  Lon.,  1794, 12tno. 
Hesse,  Robert.      Exhortation  to  the  Sick,  Lon., 
1566,  Svo. 

Hessel,  John,  1814-1838,  a  Methodist  minister. 
Memoirs  of,  from  his  Journal  and  Correspondence,  by  the 
Rev.  Joshua  Priestley,  Lon.,  1841,  12mo. 

Hessey,  James  Augustus,  D.C.L.,  Preacher  to 
the  Hon.  Society  of  Gray's  Inn,  and  Head- Master  of 
Merchant  Taylors'  School,  has  pub.  Schema  Rhetorica, 
Oxf.,  1845,  fol.,  a  number  of  serms.,  Ac.  See  Darling's 
Cyc.  Bibl.,  vol.  i.  1453. 

Hester,  John,  Surgeon,  London,  pub.  trans,  of  seve 
ral  medical  works.  See  Watt's  Bibl.  Brit. 

Hcth,  or  Hett,  Thomas.  Confutation  of  an  As 
tronomical  Discourse,  <fcc.,  Lon.,  Svo.  Written  in  answer 
to  John  Harvey. 

Hetherington,  William  M.,  D.D.,  minister  of 
Free  St.  Paul's  Church,  Edinburgh,  formerly  minister  ,of 
Torphichen.  1.  Twelve  Dramatic  Sketches,  p.  Svo. :  see 
Blackwood's  Mag.,  xxx.  250.  2.  Roman  History;  re 
printed  from  the  7th  ed.  Encyc.  Brit.,  1839,  r.  12mo  ; 
with  Topography  and  Statistics  of  Modern  Rome,  by  Rev. 
J.  Taylor.  New  ed.,  1852,  12mo.  Highly  commended. 
3.  The  Fulness  of  Time,  8vo, 

"Mr.  Hetherington's  very  original  and  able  treatise  on  the 
Fulness  of  Time." — Southey's  Doctor. 

"The  learned,  argumentative,  and  eloquent  work  of  the  Rev. 
W.  M.  Hetherington  on  the  Fulness  of  Time." — DR.  DUFF  :  on 
India. 

See  also  The  Christian  Instructor,  Presbyterian  Review, 
Evangelical  Mag. 

4.  Hist,  of  the  Church  of  Scotland,  1841,  Svo ;  3d  ed. 
(1843,  Svo)  carries  the  history  to  the  period  of  the  dis 
ruption,  1843 ;  people's  ed.,  1848,  r.  Svo.  New  ed.,  1853, 
2  vols.  Svo.  See  Bickersteth's  C.  S.  5.  Hist,  of  the 
Westminster  Assembly  of  Divines,  1843,  fp.  Svo.  See 
Bickersteth,  ubi  supra.  6.  The  Minister's  Family ;  new 
ed.,  1847,  12mo;  5th  ed.,  1851,  12mo.  Highly  commended 
by  the  Christian  Ladies'  Magazine,  Edin.  Advertiser,  The 
Christian  Instructor,  Presbyterian  Review. 

We  should  not  forget  to  acknowledge  our  obligations  to 
Dr.  Hetherington  for  his  memoir  of  Wilson,  the  ornitho 
logist,  in  Constable's  Miscellany;  see  Blackwood's  Mag., 
xxx.  250. 

Hetley,  Sir  Thomas,  Serjeant-at-Law.  Reports  in 
Common  Pleas,  3  Car.  I.-8  Car.  I.,  1627-32,  Lon.,  1657, 


IIET 


HEX 


fol.  See  Marvin's  Leg.  Bibl.,  384,  and  authorities  there 
cited;  Wallace's  Reporters,  3d  ed.,  1855,  196-197. 

"  Sir  Thomas  Hetley's  Reports  are  profitable  for  reading,  he 
being  one  set  apart  for  that  purpose." 

Hett,  Thomas.     See  HETH. 

Hett,  Wm.     Serms.,  <fec.,  1793-1818. 

Ileude,  Lieut.  Wm.  A  Voyage  up  the  Persian 
Gulf,  and  a  Journey  from  India  to  England,  in  1817,  Lon., 
1819,  8vo. 

Heugh,  Hugh.  1.  Serm.,  1826,  Svo.  2.  State  of 
Religion  in  Geneva  and  Belgium,  1844,  12mo.  3.  Life 
and  Select  Works,  by  Macgill,  1850,  2  vols.  8vo ;  2d  ed., 
1852,  2  vols.  sm.  8vo. 

Heurtley,  Charles,  Rector  of  Fenny-Compton,  War 
wickshire,  and  Honorary  Canon  of  Worcester  Cathedral. 

1.  Plain  Words  about  Prayer;  new  ed.,  1835,  8vo,  pp.  52. 

2.  Serms.  before  the  Univ.  of  Oxford,  1836-37,  8vo,  1837. 

3.  Four  Serms.  on  Union,  1842,  8vo.     Reviewed  in  British 
Critic,   xxxi.  428.      4.  Eight    Serms.    on    Justification; 
Bampton  Lects.,  1845,  8vo,  1846.    5.  Parochial  Serms. :  1st 
Ser.,  1849,  12mo,  2d  ed.,  1851, 12mo ;  2d  Ser.,  1850, 12mo; 
3d  Ser.,  1852,  12mo. 

Hewardine,  Wm.  Hilaria;  or,  the  Festive  Board, 
1798. 

Hewat,  Peter,  one  of  the  ministers  of  Edinburgh. 
Three  Excellent  Points  of  the  Christian  Doctrine,  Edin., 
1621,  4to. 

Hewatt,  Alexander,  D.D.  1.  Hist.  Acct.  of  the 
Rise  and  Progress  of  the  Colonies  of  S.  Carolina  and 
Georgia,  Lon.,  1779,  2  vols.  2.  Serms.,  Lon.,  1803-05, 
2  vols.  8vo. 

Hewerdine,  Francis.  Evil  Courses,  Lon.,  1707, 
12ino. 

Hewerdine,  Thomas,  Rector  of  Abington.  1.  In 
fant  Baptism,  Lon.,  1699,  8vo.  2.  Serm.,  1711,  8vo.  3. 
The  C.  Prayer-Book  no  Mass-Book,  1718,  8vo. 

Hewes,  Rev.  F.  Trans,  of  the  Satires  of  A.  Per- 
sius  Flaccus,  1809,  8vo. 

Hewes,  Lewes.     Book  of  C.  Prayer,  1640,  4to. 

Hewetson,  Capt.  Wm.  B.,  R.A.  1.  The  Blind 
Boy ;  a  Melo-Drama,  1808,  8vo.  2.  William  Tell ;  from 
the  French  of  Florian,  1809,  12mo.  3.  The  Fallen  Minis 
ter,  and  other  Tales;  from  the  German  of  Spiess,  1809, 
2  vols.  12mo. 

Hewett,  Thomas.     Two  Serms.,  1816. 

Hewgill,  Edwin.  The  Field  Engineer;  from  the 
German  (4th  ed.)  of  Tielke,  Lon.,  1789,  2  vols.  8vo. 

Hewit,  Alexander,  D.D.     See  HEWATT. 

Hewit,  S.  A.  New  Work  of  Animals ;  with  100 
Plates,  Lon.,  1812,  4to,  £6  6s. 

Hewitson,  Wm.  C.  1.  British  Oology,  1837,  2  vols. 
r.  8vo ;  1846,  2  vols.  r.  8vo.  Supp.,  r.  8vo.  See  Edin.  Rev., 
April,  1843,  472.  2.  Illustrations  of  the  Eggs  of  British 
Birds,  2  vols.  8vo.  New  ed.,  1853,  &c.  This  work  com 
prises  a  new  ed.  of  the  British  Oology,  with  the  Supp. 
3.  Illustrations  of  Exotic  Butterflies,  1 852-54,  Ac. 

Hewitt,  J.  1.  A  Guide  for  Constables,  Binning., 
1779,  8vo.  2.  Memoirs  of  Lady  Wilbrihammon,  alias 
Mollineux,  alias  Irving,  an  Impostress,  4to. 

Hewitt,  John.     Serms.,  Lon.,  1655,  8vo. 

Hewitt,  John.  1.  The  Fair  Rivals;  a  Trag.,  1729, 
8vo.  2.  Fatal  Falsehood ;  a  Trag.,  1734,  8vo.  3.  A  Tutor 
for  the  Beaus;  a  Com.,  1737,  8vo.  See  B-iog.  Drtimat. 

Hewitt,  John.  Treatise  upon  Money,  Coins,  and 
Exchanges,  Lon.,  1775,  8vo. 

Hewitt,  John.  1.  London  Tower;  its  History,  Armo 
ries,  and  Antiquities,  Lon.,  1841,  12mo.  2.  A  Chart  of 
Ancient  Armour,  llth  to  17th  Cent.,  1847;  in  a  large 
sheet. 

"  A  graphic  outline  of  the  subject  of  military  costume  during 
the  period  of  the  greatest  interest  to  the  English  Antiquary." — 
Lon.  Archaeological  Jour. 

"  A  very  useful  and  excellent  deyice  for  showing  at  one  view 
the  variety  of  fashion  in  the  formation  of  armour  from  the  llth 
to  the  17th  centuries." — Lon.  Literary  Gazette. 

3.  Ancient  Armour  and  Weapons  in  Europe  to  end  of 
13th  Cent.,  1855,  8vo. 

Hewitt,  Mrs.  Mary  Elizabeth,  formerly  Miss 
Jane  L.  Moore,  a  native  of  Maiden,  Massachusetts, 
removed,  about  two  years  after  her  marriage  to  Mr.  Hewitt, 
to  New  York,  where  she  has  since  resided.  Her  earlier 
poems  first  appeared  in  the  Knickerbocker  and  other 
periodicals  under  the  signature  of  "lone."  In  1845  she 
pub.  a  vol.  of  selections  from  her  contributions  to  maga 
zines,  under  the  title  of  Songs  of  our  Land,  tfnd  other 
Poems.  In  1850  she  edited  a  gift-book  called  The  Gem 
of  the  Western  World,  and  The  Memorial,  a  tribute  to  the 
memory  of  Mrs.  Frances  S.  Osgood.  She  has  also  con 


tributed  a  number  of  tales  and  sketches  to  the  Odd-Fel- 
ows'  Offering,  The  Southern  Literary  Messenger,  <fcc.  At 
present  she  is  engaged  upon  a  prose  volume  entitled  The 
Heroines  of  History.  Mrs.  Hewitt's  poetical  compositions 
have  elicited  warm  commendation  from  the  critics,  in  evi 
dence  of  which  we  must  refer  the  reader  to  Griswold's 
Female  Poets  of  America ;  May's  American  Female  Poets ; 
Hart's  Female  Prose  Writers  of  America ;  Mrs.  Hale's 
Woman's  Record ;  Poe's  Literati,  &c. ;  Tuckerman's 
Sketch  of  American  Literature.  We  should  not  omit  to 
state  that  Mrs.  Hewitt  was  recently  married  to  Mr.  Steb- 
bins,  of  New  York.  Since  the  above  was  written,  the  vol. 
entitled  The  Heroines  of  History  has  made  its  appearance, 
(1856.) 

Hewlett,  Ebenezer.     Miracles  Real  Evidences  of 
a  Divine  Revelation,  Lon.,  1741,  8vo.     This  is  in  answer 
to  Chubb  and  Fleming. 
Hewlett,  Mrs.  Esther.    See  COPLEY. 
Hewlett,  J.  G.,  D.D.     1.  Thought  upon  Thought  for 
Young  Men.     New  ed.,  1851,  12mo. 

"  We  should  rejoice  to  find  it  in  the  hands  of  every  young  man 
in  the  empire." — Lon.  Cliristian  Examiner. 

2.  The  Oracles  Interpreted;  or,  Scripture  Difficulties  Ex 
plained,  1852,  12mo.     3.  Facts  without  Fiction,  1854,  fp. 
Hewlett,  James  P.,  Chaplain  of  Magdalen  and  New 
Colleges,   and   Curate   of  St.  Aldate's,  Oxford.      Serms. 
adapted  for  Parochial  and  Domestic  Use,  Lon.,  1821,  Svo. 
"  We  cordially  recommend  these  sermons  as  evangelical,  judi 
cious,  simple,  and  perspicuous,  well  calculated  for  village  reading 
and  the  purposes  of  domestic  instruction." — Lon.  Investigator. 

"  There  is  perhaps  no  character  more  truly  valuable  and  respect 
able  than  that  of  a  laborious  and  faithful  Parish  Priest,  who,  by 
his  doctrine,  precept,  and  example,  '  allures  to  brighter  worlds  and 
leads  the  way.'  Such  was  Mr.  Hewlett." — Lon.  Evangelical  Maga 
zine. 

Hewlett,  John,  Morning  Preacher  at  the  Foundling 
Hospital,  and  Rector  of  Hilgay,  pub.  a  number  of  occa 
sional  serms.,  educational  works,  Ac.  1.  Serms.,  Lon., 
1786-91,  2  vols.  8vo;  5th  and  last  ed.,  1825,  3  vols.  8vo. 

"  His  sermons  are  composed  carefully ;  he  says  nothing  but  whai 
merits  to  be  heard,  but  much,  very  much,  that  his  hearers  must 
be  anxious  to  treasure  up  for  their  own  service." — Pulpit,  by 
Onesimus. 

2.  The  Holy  Bible,  with  the  Apocrypha  and  Notes,  1812, 
3  vols.  4to.  In  1816,  (5  vols.  8vo,)  an  ed.  of  the  Notes  was 
pub.  without  the  text,  entitled  Commentaries  and  Disqui 
sitions  on  the  Holy  Scriptures.  See  Home's  Bibl.  Bib. ; 
Lowndes's  Brit.  Lib.,  126-127 ;  Brit.  Critic,  New  Ser.,  Hi. 
pp.  339  et  seq.  3.  Hist,  of  the  Jews,  1813,  12mo.  4.  The 
Lord's  Supper,  1815,  Svo.  Highly  commended  and  often 
reprinted. 

Hewlings,  A.  Lett,  to  the  Electors  of  Westminster^ 
rel.  to  J.  Home  Tooke's  Calumnies,  1807,  Svo. 

Hewnden,  Anthony,  Surgeon.  Of  a  Tumour  OB 
the  Neck,  cured;  Phil.  Trans.,  1706. 

Hewson.  1.  A  Hymne  to  the  gentle  Craft;  or,  Hew- 
son's  Lamentation,  1 659,  fol.  2.  Hewson  reduc'd ;  or,  the 
Shoemaker  return'd  to  his  trade,  1661,  4to. 

Hewson,  Addinell,  M.D.,  Surgeon  to  Wills  Hospital 
Philadelphia.  Amer.  ed.  of  Dr.  W.  Mackenzie's  Practical 
Treatise  on  Diseases  and  Injuries  of  the  Eye,  Phila.,  1855 
Svo,  pp.  1028,  with  Plates  and  Cuts.  From  the4th  enlarged 
and  revised  Lon.  ed.,  1854,  2  vols.  Svo.  The  value  of  thif 
great  work  is  well  known  to  the  profession. 

Hewson,  Thomas  T.,  M.D.,  1773-1848,  son  of  th< 
following,  b.  in  London,  for  nearly  fifty  years  an  eminent 
physician  in  Philadelphia;  translated  F.  Swediaur's  Treat, 
on  Syphilis,  Phila.,  1815,  Svo.  See  obituary  notice  bj 
Franklin  Bache,  M.D.,  Phila.,  1850,  Svo. 

Hewson,  William,  M.D.,  1739-1774,  an  eminenl 
anatomist,  a  native  of  Hexham,  died  in  consequence  of 
receiving  a  wound  whilst  dissecting  a  morbid  body.  1 
Experimental  Inquiries  into  the  Properties  of  the  Blood: 
in  three  Parts:  1.  1771,  12ino;  (2d  ed.,  1772,  12mo;)  2 
1774,  Svo ;  3.  1776,  Svo.  See  FALCONER,  MAGNUS.  Hit 
papers,  which  were  afterwards  collected,  were  pub.  in  th< 
23d,  24th,  25tb,  and  28th  vols.  of  Phil.  Trans.,  1768-73, 
He  also  contrib.  to  Med.  Obs.  and  Inq.,  1767;  Med.  Com., 
1775. 

Hewytt,  John,  D.D.,  Minister  of  St.-Gregory's-near- 
St.- Paul's,  London,  beheaded  on  Tower  Hill,  1658,  for  a 
political  conspiracy.  1.  Nine  Select  Serms.,  Lon.,  1658, 
sm.  Svo.  2.  Repentance  and  Conversion  the  Fabrick  of 
Salvation,  Ac. ;  being  several  Serms.,  1658,  Svo. 

Hexham,  Henry.  1.  A  Tongue  Combat  between* 
two  English  Souldiers,  Lon.,  1623,  4to. 

« In  this  singular  work  will  be  found  many  phrases  currenl 
among  the  common  people  at  the  commencement  of  the  17tl 
C6Dtury.'* 

2.  Siege  of  the  Busse,  Ac.,  Delph.,  1630, 12mo.     3.  Tat 


HEY 

ing  in  of  Venlo,  Ac.,  1633,  4to.  4.  Principles  of  the  Art 
Military,  1637,  fol. ;  Lon.,  1640,  fol.  ;  Delf.  and  Rotterd., 
1642,  fol.  5.  English  and  Netherduytch  Dictionary,  Rotter., 
1648,  4to.  Enlarged,  &c.  by  Dan.  Manley,  1675,  '78,  4to. 

Hey,  J.  V.  D.  Observations  Politiques  et  Morales, 
Experimented  snr  les  Vrais  Principes  de  la  Finance,  Lon., 
1784,  8vo. 

Hey,  John,  D.D.,  1734-1815,  educated  at  Catherine 
Hall,  Cambridge;  Fellow  of  Sidney  College,  1758;  became 
Rector  of  Passenham,  Northamptonshire,  and  Calverton, 
Buckinghamshire,  first  Norrisian  Professor  of  Divinity, 
1780-95.  He  pub.  a  Seatonian  Prize  Poem,  entitled  An 
Essay  on  Redemption,  1763,  4 to,  Serms.,  1773-1815,  and 
the  following  works,  by  which  he  is  best  known :  1.  Lects. 
in  Divinity  delivered  in  the  TJniv.  of  Cambridge,  Camb., 
1796,  4  vols.  8vo;  2d  ed.,  1822,  4  vols.  8vo;  3d  ed.,  edited 
by  Turton,  1841,  2  vols.  8vo. 

"Cannot  be  sufficiently  admired  for  the  various  and  extended 
learning,  the  profound  thought,  the  copious  and  correct  diction, 
th*  calm  discussion,  for  -which  they  are  distinguished."— Brit. 
Critic. 

"His  manner  struck  me  as  stiff  and  perplexed  at  first;  but  this 
wears  off  as  I  advance." — Green's  Diary  of  a  Lover  of  Literature, 
1810, 199-206.  See  Home's  Bibl.  Bib. 

2.  Discourses  on  the  Malevolent  Sentiments.     Probably 
printed  1801,  8vo.     Pub.  1815.    On  Hatred,  Envy,  Malice, 
and  Resentment. 

"  It  is  entirely  the  result  of  a  calm  and  Christian  meditation, 
enriched  by  much  observation  of  human  nature  in  all  its  various 
•workings,  and  aided  by  all  the  precision  of  mathematical  reasoning." 
—British  Critic. 

3.  General  Observations  on  the  Writings  of  St.  Paul, 
Buckingham,  1811,  8vo. 

"  It  contains  many  pleasing  remarks  on  the  style  and  writings 
of  St.  Paul."— dome's  Bibl.  Bib. 

Bp.  Kaye  calls  Dr.  Hey  "  one  of  the  most  acute,  impar 
tial,  and  judicious  divines  of  modern  times." 

Hey,  John.     On  Zion's  Trumpet,  «fcc.,  1801,  8vo. 

Hey,  Richard,  LL.D.,  Barrister-at-law,  Fellow  of 
Sidney,  Sussex,  and  Magdalen  Colleges, Cambridge,  brother 
to  Dr.  John  Hey,  preceding,  pub.  The  Captive  Monarch,  a 
Tragedy,  1794,  8vo,  Edington,  a  Novel,  1796, 2  vols.  12mo, 
and  some  political  and  other  treatises.  1.  Civil  Liberty 
and  the  Principles  of  Government,  Lon.,  1776,  8vo. 

"  Mr.  Key's  observations  are  generally  delivered  in  the  candid, 
liberal  style  of  a  gentleman,  and  many  of  them  deserve  particular 
attention/' — Rich's  Bibl.  Amer.  Nova,  i.  235. 

2.  Three  Disserts,  on  the  Pernicious  Effects  of  Gaming, 
Duelling,  and  on  Suicide,  1812,  8vo.  Pub.  separately, 
1783,  '84,  '85.  3.  Happiness  and  Rights ;  in  answer  to 
Paine's  Rights  of  Man,  1792,  8vo.  Abridged,  1792, 12mo. 

"Mr.  Hey's  professed  object  is,  with  Mr. Burke,  to  overturn  the 
doctrine  of  natural  rights."— ROBEKT  HALL,  who  reviews  this  work 
at  large:  see  Hall's  Works,  ed.  1853,  iii.  124-136. 

Hey,  W.     Parish  Registers,  1812. 

Hey,  William,  Surgeon  at  Leeds,  1736-1819,  pub. 
profess,  treatises,  1779-1803,  and  Tracts  and  Essays,  Moral 
and  Theological,  1822,  8vo. 

"  The  observations  of  a  clear  and  vigorous  mind  on  various  im 
portant  topics."— Bicker steth's  C.  S. 

See  Life  of  Mr.  Hey,  by  John  Pearson,  1822,  8vo.  New 
ed.,  2  vols.  p.  8vo.  A  new  ed.  of  Hey's  Observations  on 
Surgery  has  been  pub.,  (1  vol.  8vo,)  and  a  collection  of  his 
Professional  Writings,  1  vol.  8vo. 

Hey,  William,  Jr.  A  Treatise  on  the  Puerperal 
Fever,  Lon.,  1815,  8vo. 

Hey,  Mrs.  William.  1.  Moral  of  Flowers;  new  ed., 
1849,  sq.  cr.  8vo. 

"  Full  of  exquisite  poetry." — BlackwoocPs  Mag. 

2.  Sylvan  Musings ;  or,  The  Spirit  of  the  Woods ;  new 
ed.,  Lon.,  1849,  sq.  cr.  8vo. 

"  The  two  elegant  volumes  with  which  Mrs.  William  Hey  has 
fevoured  the  public  are  well  fitted  to  lend  grace  and  ornament  to 
that  which  is  solid  and  useful."— ion.  Medical  Gazette. 

Heyden.     See  HEYDON. 

Heydon,  or  Heyden,  C.,  Jr.  1.  Astrology  Familiar 
ized,  Lon.,  1786,  8vo.  2.  The  New  Astrology,  1786,  8vo. 

Heydon,  or  Heyden,  Sir  Christopher.  1.  A  De 
fence  of  Judicial  Astrology ;  in  answer  to  Mr.  JohnChamber, 
Camb.,  1603,  4to. 

"  A  work  full  of  no  common  reading,  and  carried  on  with  no 
mean  argument." — Athen.  Oxon. 

Heydon's  work  was  answered  by  Bishop  Carleton ;  and 
Chamber  wrote  a  rejoinder  to  Haydon,  but  did  not  live  to 
publish  it.  See  CARLETON,  GEORGE,  D.D.;  CHAMBER,  JOHN. 

2.  An  Astrological  Discourse  in  Justification  of  the 
Verity  of  Astrology,  Lon.,  1650,  8vo.  See  Athen.  Oxon. 

Heydon,  or  Heyden,  John,  M.D.,  pub.  a  number 
of  Rosicrucian  and  medical  works,  1647-65.  See  Lowndes's 
Bibl.  Man.,  92. 

Heydon,  John,  D.D.    Discourses,  1761,  2  vols.  4to. 


HEY 

Heylin,  or  Heylyn,  John,  D.D.,  d.  about  1760, 
sometimes  called  The  Mystic  Doctor,  was  Preb.  of 
Westminster,  and  Rector  of  St.  Mary-le- Strand.  1.  Serm 
1720,  8vo.  2.  Serm.,  1728,  8vo.  3.  Theolog.  Lects.,  with 
an  Interp.  of  the  N.  Test.,  1749-61,  2  vols.  4to.  The  first 
part  treats  of  the  four  Gospels;  the  second  part,  of  the 
Epistles. 

"  The  whole  contains  evident  marks  of  solid  judgment,  critical 
skill,  and  considerable  learning."— Lon.  Month.  Rev.,  0.£.xxv.33. 

4.  XVII.  Discourses,  1770,  12mo.  5.  XL.  Discourses, 
1793,  2  vols.  8vo.  See  Blackwood's  Mag.,  xxv.  595. 

Heylin,  or  Heylyn,  Peter,  D.D.,  1600-1662,  a  na 
tive  of  Burford,  Oxfordshire,  was  educated  at  Hart  Hall, 
and  elected  Fellow  of  Magdalen  College,  Oxford ;  Rector 
of  Hemmingford,  Huntingdonshire,  and  Preb.  of  Westmin 
ster,  Oct.  1631,  and  shortly  afterwards  Rector  of  Houghton  ; 
deprived  during  the  Rebellion,  but  reinstated  in  all  his 
ecclesiastical  honours  at  the  Restoration.  Heylin  pub.  at 
least  thirty-seven  works, — theological,  political,  educa 
tional,  historical,  <fcc. — the  most  of  which  are  now  almost 
entirely  forgotten.  Among  the  principal  are — 1.  Micro- 
cosmus ;  or,  Description  of  the  World,  Oxon.,  1622,  4to  ; 
7th  ed.,  improved,  Ac.  by  Edmund  Bohun,  1703,  fol.  2.  A 
Help  to  English  History,  Lon.,  1641, 4to.  First  pub.  under 
the  name  of  Rob.  Hall,  Gent.  After  several  eds.  had  ap 
peared,  it  was  pub.,  brought  down  to  1773,  by  P.  Wright, 
1773,  8vo.  3.  Hist,  of  the  Sabbath,  1636,  4to.  4.  Hist, 
of  Episcopie,  1642,  '57,  4to.  First  pub.  under  the  name 
of  Theop.  Churchman.  5.  Hist,  of  the  Reformation  of  the 
Church  of  Scotland,  1644,  '60,  fol. 

"  A  party  writer,  to  be  read  with  caution.  He  perverts  and  mis 
represents." — Bickersteth 's  C.  S. 

6.  Cyprianus  Anglicus ;  or,  The  Life  and  Death  of  Arch 
bishop  Laud,  1644,  '68,  '71,  fol.;  Dubl.,  1719,  fol.  7.  Re 
lation  of  Two  Journies,  the  one  into  France,  the  other  into 
some  of  the  adjacent  Islands,  Lon.,  1656,  4to.  8.  France 
painted  to  the  Life,  1657,  8vo.  Anon.  Falsely  attributed 
to  Heylin  :  see  Athen.  Oxon.  9.  Examen  Historicum,  1658, 
'59,  8vo.  This  is  an  attack  upon  histories  by  Thomas 
Fuller  and  Wm.  Sanderson :  see  FULLER,  THOMAS,  p.  644. 
10.  Discovery  and  Removal  of  the  Stumbling-Block  of 
Disobedience  and  Rebellion,  cunningly  laid  down  in  the 
Subject's  Way  by  Calvin,  1658,  4to.  11.  Certamen  Epis- 
tolare,  1659,  8vo.  12.  Declaration  of  the  Judgment  of  the 
Western  Churches  in  five  Controverted  Points,  reproached 
in  these  late  times  by  the  name  of  Arminianism,  1660,  4to ; 
1673, 8vo.  This  involved  the  author  in  a  controversy  with 
some  able  writers.  13.  Ecclesia  Restaurata;  or,  The  Hist, 
of  the  Reformation  of  the  Church  of  England,  1661,  '70,  '74, 
fol.  New  ed.,  with  Life  of  the  Author  by  John  Barnard, 
D.D.  Edited  for  the  Eccles.  Hist.  Society  by  James  C. 
Robertson,  Camb.,  1819,  2  vols.  8vo.  14.  Aerius  Redi- 
vivus ;  or,  The  Hist,  of  the  Presbyterians  from  1536  to  1647, 
Oxf.,  1670,  fol. ;  Lon.,  1672,  fol. 

"  Heylin,  in  his  history  of  the  Puritans  and  the  Presbyterians, 
blackens  them  for  political  devils.  He  is  the  Spagnolet  of  history, 
delighting  himself  with  horrors  at  which  the  painter  himself  must 
have  started.  He  tells  of  their  oppositions  to  monarchical  and 
episcopal  government,  their  innovations  in  the  church,  and  their 
embroilments  of  the  kingdom.  The  sword  rages  in  their  hands ; 
treason,  sacrilege,  plunder;  while  'more  of  the  blood  of  English 
men  had  poured  like  water  within  the  space  of  four  years,  than 
had  been  shed  in  the  civil  wars  of  York  and  Lancaster  in  four 
centuries.' " — Disraeli's  Curiosities  of  Literature. 

15.  The  Voyage  of  France;  or,  A  Complete  Journey 
through  France,  [in  1625,]  1673,  8vo,  1679. 

"  This  volume,  however,  we  assure  our  readers,  is  of  a  most 
amusing  description,  and  indicative  of  great  reading  and  acquire 
ments  for  the  age  at  which  it  was  written.  It  is  full  of  the  effer 
vescence  of  young  life  and  animal  spirits.  The  air  of  France  seems 
to  have  actually  converted  the  author  into  a  Frenchman,  whose 
vivacity,  point,  and  badinage,  he  seems  to  have  imbibed.  The  very 
moment  he  touched  the  Gallic  soil  he  cast  away  his  canonicals, 
and  became  the  most  facetious  and  joyous  of  good  fellows,  the 
most  lively  of  tourists."— Lon.  Retrosp.  Rev.,  iii.  22-31, 1821. 

16.  Historical  and  Miscellaneous  Tracts;  collected  by 
the  Rev.  George  Vernon,  with  an  Account  of  the  Author's 
Life,  1681,  fol.     A  New  Life  of  Heylin,  by  his  son-in-law, 
John  Barnard,  D.D.,  1682,  12mo.      See  BARNARD,  JOHN, 
p.  124;  and  for  a  particular  account  of  the  controversy 
between  Barnard  and  Vernon,  see  Disraeli's  Curiosities  of 
Literature,  article  The  Rival  Biographers  of  Heylin.     To 
these  Lives  of  Heylin,  Blount's  Censura  Celebriorum,  to 
Athen.  Oxon.,  and  to  Gent.  Mag.,  vol.  Ixxiv.  723,  we  refer 
the  reader  for  further  particulars   connected  with   our 
author  and  his  works. 

"  He  was  a  person  endowed  with  singular  gifts,  of  a  sharp  and 
pregnant  wit,  solid  and  clear  judgment.  In  his  younger  years  he 
was  accounted  an  excellent  poet,  but  very  conceited  and  prag 
matical  ;  in  his  elder,  a  better  historian,  a  noted  preacher,  and  a 
ready  or  extemppranean  speaker." — Atlien.  Oxon. 

As  a  politician,  he  had, 


HEY 

"According  to  the  current  opinion  of  the  age  he  lived  in,  too 
high  notions  of  regal  power;  led  by  the  common  mistake  of  the 
term  supreme  magistrate,  and  not  rightly  distinguishing  between 
the  legislature  and  the  administration."— SWIFT. 

Heyne,  Benjamin,  M.D.     1.  Tracts,  Historical  and  j 
Statistical,  on  India,  an  Acct.  of  Sumatra,<fec.,Lon.,1814,4to.  i 
"  A  work  not  so  well  known  as  from  its  information,  particularly  j 
statistical,  it  deserves  to  be."— Stevenson's  Voyages  and  Travels. 

2.  Con.  to  Trans.  Linn.  Soc.,  and  Thorn.  Ann.  Philos., 
1813. 

Heynes,  John.     Serm.,  Lon.,  1699,  4to. 
Heynes,  Matthew.     Serms.,  1701,  both  4to. 
Heynes,  Samuel.     Trigonometry,  Lon.,  1701,  8vo; 
1716,  12mo. 

Heyrick,  John,  Lieut.,  R.A.,  d.  1797,  aged  35. 
First  Flights ;  pieces  in  Verse,  Lon.,  1797,  4to. 

Heyrick,  Samuel.     Visitation  Serm.,  1805,  8vo. 
Heyrick,  Thomas.  Miscellany  Poems,  Camb.,  1691, 
4to.     Bibl.  Anglo-Poet,  370,  £1  5s. 
Heyricke,  Richard.     Serms.,  1641,  '46.   . 
Heyricke,  Thomas.     Serms.,  1685,  '97. 
Heysham,  John,  M.D.,  of  Carlisle.     Profess,  trea 
tises,  1776-82. 

Heythuren,  J.  Van.  The  Equity  Draftsman,  1817, 
8vo. 

Heyward.  Answer  to  Doleman's  Conference  concern 
ing  Succession,  1603,  4to. 

Hey  wood,  or  Hay  wood,  Mrs.  Eliza,  1693  F-1756, 
daughter  of  a  London  tradesman  named  Fowler,  pub.  a 
number  of  loose  novels,  which  gave  her  a  place  in  the 
Dunciad.  Her  late  publications  were  of  a  less  exception 
able  character.  Among  the  best-known  of  these  mis 
chievous  productions  are  The  Secret  History  of  the  pre 
sent  Intrigues  of  the  Court  of  Caramania,  2d  ed.,  Lon., 
1727,  8vo ;  and  The  New  Utopia.  Her  latter  writings  are — 
1.  The  Female  Spectator,  4  vols.  2.  Epistles  for  the  La 
dies,  2  vols.  3.  Fortunate  Foundling,  1  vol.  4.  Adven 
tures  of  Nature,  1  vol.  5.  History  of  Betty  Thoughtless, 
4  vols.  6.  Jenny  and  Jemmy  Jessamy,  3  vols.  7.  In 
visible  Spy,  2  vols.  8.  Husband  and  Wife,  2  vols.  9.  A 
Present  for  a  Servant  Maid,  pamphlet.  The  above  are  all 
12mo.  She  wrote  several  other  works,  and  some  plays. 
See  Biog.  Dramat.;  The  Tatler,  with  Notes;  Bowles's  ed. 
of  Pope ;  Drake's  Essays,  vol.  iv. 

Heywood,  Kills,  d.  about  1572,  a  son  of  John  Hey- 
wood,  the  dramatic  poet,  (post,)  was  elected  Fellow  of  All- 
Souls  College  in  1547,  and  subsequently  became  a  Jesuit, 
and  died  at  Louvain.  He  wrote  a  book  in  Italian,  entitled 
II  Moro,  Florence,  1556,  8vo. 

"  Contains  a  discourse,  fancied .  to  be  in  the  house  of  Sir  Tho. 
More,  sometime  L.  Chan,  of  England,  and  in  consultation  with 
him." — Athen.  Oxon.,  q.  v. 

Wood  thinks  that  he  wrote  some  other  works. 
Heywood,  James.     Serm.,  Lon.,  1756,  8vo. 
Heywood,  Jasper,  1535P-1598,  Fellow  of  Merton 
College,  a  son  of  John  Heywood,  the  dramatic  poet,  (post,) 
trans,  into  English  three  tragedies  of  Seneca, — Thyestes, 
1560,  12mo;  Troas,  1560,  16mo,  1581,  4to;  Hercules  Fu- 
rens,  1561,  '81,  4to, — and  various  Poems  and  Devices,  some 
of  which  are  printed  in  The  Paradise  of  Dainty  Devices, 
1573,  4to.     See  Bliss's  Wood's  Athen.  Oxon.;  Warton's 
Hist,  of  Eng.  Poet. ;  Chalmers's  Biog.  Diet. 

Heywood,  John,  d.  1565,  Court  Jester,  and  one  of 
the  earliest  dramatic  writers,  a  native  of  North  Mims, 
near  St.  Alban's,  educated  at  Oxford,  was  a  great  favourite 
with  Henry  VIII.,  and  Queen  Mary,  his  successor,  on  ac 
count  of  "  the  mirth  and  quickness  of  his  conceits."  On 
the  death  of  Mary,  fearing  that  his  principles  as  a  Roman 
Catholic  would  invite  persecution,  he  retired  to  Mechlin, 
in  Brabant,  where  he  resided  until  his  death.  A  collec 
tion  of  his  works  was  pub.  in  1562,  4to  ;  also  in  1556,  '66, 
'76,  '87,  98,  all  4to.  His  longest  production  is  a  poem 
entitled  The  Spider  and  the  Flie,  1556,  4to.  This  allego 
rical  work — containing  ninety-eight  chapters  in  the  octave 
stanza — is  intended  to  vindicate  the  Roman  Catholic  ad 
ministration,  of  which  the  author  was  an  admirer.  Queen 
Mary  is  represented  by  the  maid  with  her  broom,  (the  civil 
sword,)  executing  the  commands  of  her  master,  (Christ,) 
and  her  mistress,  (the  Church.)  The  Plies  are  the  Roman 
Catholics,  and  the  Spiders  are  the  Protestants.  The  au 
thor  has  not  made  his  illustrations  very  clear ;  for  Harrison 
declares 

"  One  hath  made  a  booke  of  the  SPIDER  AND  THE  FLIE,  wherein 
he  dealeth  so  profonndlie,  and  beyond  all  measure  of  skill,  that 
neither  he  himselfe  that  made  it,  neither  anie  one  that  readeth  it, 
can  reach  unto  the  meaning  thereof." — Description  of  Britaine  ; 
prefixed  to  HolinshecTs  Chronicle. 

As  a  poet  Heywood  does  not  seem  to  have  been  more 
successful  than  as  a  theologian : 


HEY 


"  Perhaps  there  never  was  so  dull,  so  tedious  and  trifling  an 
apologue:  without  fancy,  meaning,  or  moral." — Warton's  Hist,  of 


This  vol.  is  very  rare,  and  has  been  sold  at  high  prices. 
Of  Heywood's  poetical  Dialogue,  containing  the  number 
in  efiect  of  all  the  Proverbs  in  the  English  language, 
(1547,  8vo,)  and  his  three  quarto  pamphlets,  containing 
600  epigrams,  there  were  numerous  editions  before  the 
year  1598,  in  which  year  appeared  the  last  ed.  of  his 
Works,  4to.  None  of  his  dramatic  works,  which  are  six 
in  number,  extend  beyond  the  limits  of  an  interlude. 
Their  titles  are :  1.  A  Play  between  Johan  the  husband, 
Tyb  the  wife,  and  Sir  Johan  the  priest,  1593,  4to.  2.  A 
merry  Play  between  the  Pardoner  and  the  Friar,  the 
Curate  and  Neighbour  Prat,  1593,  4to.  3.  The  Play 
called  The  Four  P.  P.  j  a  newe  and  a  very  merry  Inter 
lude  of  a  Palmer,  a  Pardoner,  a  Potycary,  and  a  Pedlar, 
N.  D.  D.  C.,  4to.  4.  A  Play  of  Genteelness  and  Nobility, 
N.  D.,  Int.,  4to.  5.  A  Play  of  Love,  Int.,  1533,  4to.  6.  A 
Play  of  the  Weather,  Int.,  1553,  4to. 

For  particulars  respecting  Heywood  and  his  works,  see 
Bliss's  Wood's  Athen.  Oxon. ;  Gibber's  Lives ;  Phillips's 
Theat.  Poet.;  Biog.  Dramat.;  Ellis's  Specimens;  Cen- 
sura  Lit.,  vols.  iii.,  ix. ;  Brit.  Bibliog.,  vol.  iii. ;  Dodd's 
Ch.  Hist.,  vol.  ii.;  Warton's  Hist,  of  Eng.  Poet;  Chal 
mers's  Biog.  Diet.;  Lowndes's  Bibl.  Man.;  Disraeli's 
Amenities  of  Lit. 

"  His  comedies,  most  of  which  appeared  before  the  year  1534, 
are  destitute  of  plot,  humour,  or  character,  and  give  us  no  very 
high  opinion  of  the  festivity  of  this  agreeable  companion.  They 
consist  of  low  incident  and  the  language  of  ribaldry.  But  per 
fection  must  not  be  expected  before  its  time.  He  is  called  our 
first  writer  of  comedies.  But  those  who  say  this  speak  without 
determinate  ideas,  and  confound  comedies  with  moralities  and 
interludes.  We  will  allow  that  he  is  among  the  first  of  our  "dra 
matists  who  drove  the  Bible  from  the  stage  and  introduced  repre 
sentations  of  familiar  life  and  popular  manners.  . . .  His  Epigrams, 
six  hundred  in  number,  are  probably  some  of  his  jokes  versified, 
and  perhaps  were  often  extemporaneous  sallies,  made  and  repeated 
in  company.  Wit  and  humour  are  ever  found  in  proportion  to  the 
progress  of  politeness.  The  miserable  drolleries  and  the  con 
temptible  quibbles  with  which  these  little  pieces  are  pointed 
indicate  the  great  want  of  refinement,  not  only  in  the  composi 
tion,  but  in  the  conversation,  of  our  ancestors.  .  .  .  Another  of 
Heywood's  works  is  a  poem  in  long  verse,  entitled  A  DIALOGUB 
contayning  in  effect  the  number  of  al  the  PROVERBS  in  the  English 
tongue  compact  in  a  matter  concerning  tiuo  marriages.  .  .  .  All  the 
proverbs  of  the  English  language  are  here  interwoven  into  a  very 
silly  comic  tale."— Warton's  Hist,  of  Eng.  Poet. 

"Of  John  Heywood,  the  favourite  jester  of  Henry  the  Eighth 
and  bis  daughter  Mary,  and  the  intimate  of  Sir  Thomas  More, 
whose  congenial  humour  may  have  mingled  with  his  own,  more 
table-talk  and  promptness  at  reply  have  been  handed  down  to  us 
than  of  any  writer  of  the  times.  His  quips,  and  quirks,  and 
quibbles,  are  of  his  age,  but  his  copious  pleasantry  still  enlivens; 
these  smoothed  the  brow  of  Henry,  and  relaxed  the  rigid  muscles 
of  the  melancholy  Mary." — Disraeli's  Amenities  of  Literature. 

Heywood,  Nathaniel,  1633-1677,  Minister  at 
Ormskirk,  Lancashire,  brother  of  Oliver  Heywood,  and 
also  a  Non-conformist  divine.  Christ  Displayed  ;  being  a 
series  of  Serms.,  1679.  Pub.  by  Oliver  Heywood,  his 
brother,  who  also  wrote  his  Life.  See  Oliver  Heywood's 
Works,  ed.  1827,  vol.  i.  447. 

Heywood,  Oliver,  1629-1702,  a  Non-conformist 
divine,  a  native  of  Bolton,  Lancashire,  admitted  of  Trin. 
Coll.,  Camb.,  1647;  minister  of  Halifax,  1652;  deprived 
at  the  Restoration.  He  wrote  a  number  of  serms.,  Ac. 
His  treatise  entitled  Life  in  God's  Favour  was  reprinted 
by  John  Fawcett,  D.D.,  who  also  wrote  a  Sketch  of  the 
author's  Life,  1798,  8vo.  His  Life,  by  Rev.  J.  Hunter, 
was  pub.  in  1842,  '44,  8vo ;  and  in  1827  (5  vols.  8vo)  ap 
peared  (by  Vint)  his  Whole  Works  now  first  collected, 
j  revised  and  arranged ;  including  some  tracts  exceedingly 
rare,  and  others  from  unpublished  MSS. 

CONTENTS  : — Heart  Treasure.  Sure  Mercies  of  David,- 
Closet-Prayer,  Intercession  of  Christ,  Life  in  God's  Fa 
vour,  Israel's  Lamentation,  Job's  Appeal,  Baptismal  Bonds, 
Family  Altar,  Best  Entail,  Heavenly  Converse,  New  Crea 
ture,  The  Two  Worlds,  Meetness  for  Heaven,  Youth's 
Monitor,  Sermons,  Ac. 

Vol.  i.  contains  Memoirs  of  Heywood,  by  the  Rev. 
Richard  Slate,  and  revised  by  the  editor  of  Mr.  Hey 
wood's  works. 

"  Heywood's  works  are  valuable  in  themselves,  and  are  strongly 
recommended  by  the  most  excellent  character  of  the  writer." — 
Williams' 's  C.  P. 

Heywood,  Samuel,  Serjeant-at-Law.  1.  Laws  of 
County  Elections,  Lon.,  1790,  1818,  8vo.  2.  Law  of 
Borough  Elections,  1797,  8vo.  3.  Vindic.  of  Mr.  Fox'a 
Hist,  of  James  II.,  1811,  4to. 

"  He  [Serjeant  Heywood]  has  not  the  talent  of  saying  what  he 
has  to  say  quickly ;  nor  is  he  aware  that  brevity  is  in  writing 
what  charity  is  to  all  other  virtues.  Righteousness  is  worth  no 
thing  without  the  one,  nor  authorship  without  the  other.  But 


HEY 


HIB 


whoever  will  forgive  this  little  defect  will  find,  in  all  his  produc 
tions,  great  learning,  immaculate  honesty,  and  the  most  scrupu 
lous  accuracy.  "Whatever  detections  of  Mr.  Rose's  inaccuracies 
are  made  in  this  Review  are  to  be  entirely  given  to  him :  and  we 
confess  ourselves  quite  astonished  at  the  number  and  extent  of 
these  inaccuracies."— REV.  SYDNEY  SMITH:  Edin.  Rev.,  xviii  325- 
343. 

See  our  Life  of  Fox,  CHARLES  JAMES,  in  this  Dictionary. 

4.  Dissert,  upon  the  Distinctions  in  Society  and  Ranks 
of  the  People  under  the  Anglo-Saxon  Government,  1818, 
8vo.  See  Edin.  Rev.,  Iv.  309. 

Heywood,  Thomas,  an  actor,  dramatic  poet,  and 
prose  writer,  temp.  Elizabeth,  James  I.,  and  Charles  I, 
was  a  native  of  Lincolnshire,  and  a  Fellow  of  Peter  House, 
Cambridge.  He  tells  us  that  there  were  no  less  than  220 
plays  in  which  he  had  "  either  an  entire  hand,  or  at  the 
least  a  main  finger,"  (Pref.  to  the  English  Traveller;) 
but  of  this  large  number  only  23  have  come  down  to  us, 
and  of  these  The  Late  Lancashire  Witches  was  written 
in  conjunction  with  R.  Broome,  and  Fortune  by  Land 
and  Sea  in  conjunction  with  Wm.  Rowley.  For  a  list 
of  these  plays  and  his  other  works,  and  criticisms  upon  a 
number  of  them,  we  refer  the  reader  to  Langbaine's 
Dramat.  Poets ;  Winstanley's  English  Poets ;  Biog.  Dra 
mat.  ;  Warton's  Hist,  of  Eng.  Poet. ;  Censura  Literaria, 
vol.  i. ;  Brit.  Bibliographer,  vol.  i. ;  Restituta,  vol.  i.  p. 
240 ;  Ellis's  Specimens  of  Early  English  Poetry ;  Lamb's 
Specimens  of  Eng.  Dramat.  Poets ;  Hazlitt's  Lects.  on 
the  Dramatic  Lit.  of  the  Age  of  Elizabeth;  Collier's 
Hist  of  Eng.  Poet.,  and  his  ed.  of  Heywood's  Dramat. 
Works,  pub.  by  the  Shakspeare  Society,  1850,  Ac. ;  Schle- 
gel's  Lects.  on  the  Dramatic  Art  and  Lit. ;  Lowndes's 
Bibl.  Man.,  924-927 ;  Whipple's  Essays  and  Reviews  ; 
Lon.  Retrosp.  Rev.,  1823,  xi.  124-160  ;  Black  wood's 
Mag.,  iii.  141;  iv.  171,  668;  xxiv.  570;  Edin.  Rev.,  Ixiv. 
526;  Ixxiii.  220-225.  Among  the  best-known  of  his  pro 
ductions  are  the  following  :  1.  The  Rape  of  Lucrece  ;  a 
Tragedy,  1608,  4to;  4th  ed.,  1630,  4to;  5th  ed.,  1638,  4to. 

"  One  of  the  most  wild,  irregular,  and  unaccountable  produc 
tions  of  his  age.  Amongst  the  most  extravagant  buffoonery, 
we  find  sparks  of  genius  which  would  do  honour  to  any  drama 
tist." — Lon.  Retrosp.  Rev.,  ubi  supra. 

2.  An  Apology  for  Actors,  1612,  4to.  This  is  one  of 
the  best  of  his  prose  pieces.  3.  A  Women  kilde  with 
Kindnesse ;  a  Play,  Lon.,  1617,  4to. 

.  "The  language  is  not  much  raised  above  that  of  comedy;  but 
we  can  hardly  rank  a  tale  of  guilt,  sorrow,  and  death,  in  that 
dramatic  category.  It  may  be  read  with  interest  and  approbation 
at  this  day.  being  quite  free  from  extravagance  either  in  manner 
or  language. — the  besettings  in  of  our  earlier  dramatists. — and 
equally  so  from  buffoonery.  The  subject  resembles  that  of 
Kotzebue's  drama,  The  Stranger,  but  is  managed  with  a  nobler 
tone  of  morality."— HaZlam's  Lit.  Hist,  of  Europe. 

"  The  winding  up  of  this  play  is  rather  awkwardly  managed, 
and  the  moral  is,  according  to  established  usage,  equivocal.  It 
required  only  Frankford's  reconciliation  to  his  wife,  as  well  as  his 
forgiveness  of  her  for  the  highest  breach  of  matrimonial  duty,  to 
have  made  a  Woman  Killed  with  Kindness  a  complete  counterpart 
of  The  Stranger.  Heywood,  however,  was  in  that  respect  but  half 
a  Kotzebue." — Hazlitt's  Lects.  on  the  Dramat.  Lit.  of  the  Age  of 
Elizabeth. 

But  Schlegel  points  out  a  wide  disparity  between  the 
management  of  the  two  dramas  thus  compared :  see  his 
Lects.  on  the  Dramatic  Art  and  Lit. 

"  Heywood  is  a  sort  of  prose  Shakspeare.  His  scenes  are  to  the 
full  as  natural  and  affecting.  But  we  miss  the  poet, — that  which  in 
Shakspeare  always  appears  out  and  above  the  surface  of  the  nature. 
Heywood's  characters  in  this  play,  for  instance,  his  country  gen 
tleman,  &c.,  are  exactly  what  we  see,  but  of  the  best  kind  of  what 
we  see,  in  life.  Shakspeare  makes  us  believe,  while  we  are  among 
his  lovely  creations,  that  they  are  nothing  but  what  we  are  familiar 
with,  as  in  dreams  new  things  seem  old ;  but  we  awake,  and  sigh 
for  the  difference." — CHARLES  LAMB  :  Specimens  of  Eng.  Dramat. 
ffats, 

4.  Nine  Bookes  of  various  History  concerninge  Women; 
inscribed  by  ye  names  of  ye  nine  Muses,  1624,  fol.     This 
is  a  very  amusing  book,  and  exhibits  no  little  learning  upon 
the  subject  discussed. 

"  In  this  singular  and  scarce  volume  occurs  a  double  version  of 
the  Enigma  assigned  to  Cleobulus  of  Lindus."  See  Brunck's  Ana- 
lecta. 

5.  England's  Elizabeth ;  her  Life  and  Troubles  during 
her  Minority,  from  the  Cradle  to  the  Crown,  1631,  12ino; 
1632,  '41,  12mo.     This  ed.  is  reprinted  in  the  Harleian 
Miscellany. 

6.  The  English  Traveller ;  a  Tragi-Comedy,  1633,  4to. 

"This  play  is  written  in  verse,  and  with  that  ease  and  perspi 
cuity,  seldom  rising  to  passion  or  figurative  poetry,  which  distin 
guishes  this  dramatist.  .  .  .  The  underplot  of  this  play  is  largely 
borrowed  from  the  Mostellaria  of  Plautus,  and  is  diverting,  though 
somewhat  absurd." — Hattam's  Lit.  Hist,  of  Europe. 

"  Heywood's  preface  to  this  play  is  interesting,  as  it  shows  the 
heroid  indifference  about  the  opinion  of  posterity  which  some  of 
these  great  writers  seem  to  have  felt.  There  is  a  magnanimity  in 
authorship  as  in  every  thing  else.  His  ambition  seems  to  have 
been  confined  to  the  pleasure  of  hearing  the  players  speak  his  lines 


while  he  lived.  It  does  not  appear  that  he  ever  contemplated  the 
possibility  of  being  read  by  after-ages.  What  a  slender  pittance 
of  fame  was  motive  sufficient  to  the  production  of  such  plays  as 
the  English  Traveller,  The  Challenge  for  Beauty,  and  the  Woman 
Killed  with  Kindness!  Posterity  is  bound  to  take  care  that  a 
writer  loses  nothing  by  such  a  noble  modesty." — CHARLES  LAMB  : 
ubi  supra. 

"A  production  which  abounds  with  good  scenes,  good  writing, 
and  excellent  sentiment,  and  is  distinguished  by  pure,  gentle,  and 
attractive  characters." — Retrosp.  Rev.,  ubi  supra. 

7.  The  Late  Lancashire  Witches;  a  Comedy,  1634,  4to, 
by  R.  Heywood  and  R.  Broome.  8.  The  Hierarchie  of 
the  Blessed  Angels ;  their  Names,  Orders,  and  Offices :  the 
Fall  of  Lucifer  with  his  Angells,  1635,  fol. 

"  Heywood  has  been  called  a  Prose  Shakspeare  for  his  dramas, 
which  are  indeed  touching  pictures  of  plain,  homely,  fireside  feel 
ings,  that  make  us  more  intimately  acquainted  with  the  life  and 
practical  morals  of  our  ancestors  than  the  more  intellectual  produc 
tions  of  his  compeers  can  possibly  do.  I  am  afraid  his  Hierarchie 
of  Angels  will  scarce  entitle  him  to  be  called  a  Prose  Milton ;  yet  it 
is  sufficiently  curious  to  merit  preservation  " — Blackw.  Mag. 

The  Hierarchie  of  the  Blessed  Angels  was  a  great  fa 
vourite  of  Sir  Walter  Scott,  who  often  refers  to  it.  9.  A 
Challenge  for  Beavtie;  a  Tragi-Comedy,  1636,  4to. 

"  Full  of  action  and  interest,  and  possesses  a  great  variety  of 

ell-discriminated  characters.  .  .  .  There  is  great  vivacity  in  this 
performance,  and  sometimes  considerable  smartness  of  repartee." 
— Retrosp.  Rev.,  ubi  supra. 

10.  Love's  JUaistresse;  or,  The  Queen's  Masque,  1636, 
4to.  11.  The  Royall  King  and  the  Loyall  Subject;  a  Tragi- 
Comedy,  1637,  4to.  Beaumont's  Loyal  Subject  was  greatly 
indebted  to  the  plot  of  this  piece :  see  Hallam's  Lit.  Hist, 
of  Europe.  12.  The  Generall  History  of  Women,  1657, 
8vo.  A  number  of  Heywood's  pieces  have  been  repub.  in 
Dodsley's  and  other  Collections ;  several  have  been  edited 
for  the  Shakspeare  Society  by  Barron  Field;  and  Mr. 
Collier  has  edited  Heywood's  Dramatic  Works  for  the 
same  association. 

1  Heywood  I  shall  mention  next,  as  a  direct  contrast  to  Marlowe 
in  every  thing  but  the  smoothness  of  his  verse.  As  Marlowe's 
imagination  glows  like  a  furnace,  Heywood's  is  a  gentle,  lambent 
flame,  that  purifies  without  consuming.  His  manner  is  simplicity 
itself.  There  is  nothing  supernatural,  nothing  startling  or  terrific. 
He  makes  use  of  the  commonest  circumstances  of  every-day  lifc, 
and  of  the  easiest  tempers,  to  show  the  workings,  or  rather  the 
inefficacy,  of  the  passions, — the  vis  inertise  of  tragedy." — HAZLITT. 

"  Heywood  seldom  rises  to  much  vigour  of  poetry ;  but  his  dra 
matic  invention  is  ready,  his  style  is  easy,  his  characters  do  not 
transgress  the  boundaries  of  nature,  and  it  is  not  surprising  that 
he  was  popular  in  his  age."— Hallam's  Lit.  Hist,  of  Europe. 

"  Heywood's  best  comedies  are  distinguished  by  a  peculiar  air, 
a  superior  manner ;  his  gentlemen  are  the  most  refined  in  their 
nice  sense  of  the  true  and  beautiful,  their  fine  moral  perception, 
and  finished  in  the  most  scrupulous  attention  to  polite  manners ; 
most  exact  in  the  observances  of  decorum  without  appearing  ri 
gorously  precise,  ductile  as  fused  gold  to  that  which  is  good,  and 
unmalleable  to  that  which  is  evil ;  men,  in  short,  '  of  most  erected 
spirits.'" — Retrosp.  Rev.,  ubi  supra. 

Hiam,  otherwise  called  Abiezer,  Coppe,  which  is 
believed  to  have  been  his  true  name,  1619-1672,  pub.  some 
theolog.  treatises  noticed  on  p.  429. 

Hibbard,  Freeborn  Garrettson,  a  minister  of  the 
M.E.  Church,  b.  1811,  in  N.  Rochelle,  N.Y.  1.  Christian  Bap 
tism,  in  2  pts.,  N.Y.,  12mo.  2.  Palestine :  its  Geog.  and  Hist., 
8vo.  3.  The  Psalms,  chronologically  arranged,  1856,  8vo. 
Hibberd,  Shirley.  1.  Summer  Songs,  Lon.,  1851, 
12mo.  2.  Brambles  and  Bay-Leaves:  Essays  on  the  Homely 
and  Beautiful,  1855,  fp.  3.  The  Town  Garden,  1855, 18mo. 
4.  Rustic  Adornments  for  Homes  of  Taste,  1856, 12mo ;  2d 
ed.,  1857,  8vo.  5.  Epitome  of  the  War,  from  its  Outbreak 
to  its  Close,  1856,  12mo.  6.  Fresh-Water  Aquaria,  1856, 
12mo.  7.  Marine  Aquarium,  1856, 12mo.  8.  Book  of  the 
Water-Cabinet,  1856,  12mo.  9.  Aquarium  and  Water-Ca 
binet,  1856,  12mo.  10.  Garden  Favourites,  1858,  8vo. 

Hibbert,  George,  M.P.,  Speeches  in  H.  of  C.  on  the 
Abolition  of  the  Slave  Trade,  1807,  8vo. 
Hibbert,  Henry.     1.  Two  Serms.,  Lon.,  1624,  4to. 

2.  Serm.,  1661,  4to.     3.  Systema  Theologicum,  or  a  Body 
of  Divinity,  and  12  Serms.,  1662,  fol.      Hibbert's   sale, 
3957,  £3  19s. 

Hibbert,  Samuel,  M.D.,  of  Manchester,  Secretary 
to  the  Society  of  Scottish  Antiquaries.  1.  Descrip.  of  the 
Shetland  Islands,  Edin.,  1822,  4to. 

"The  information  is  valuable:  some  of  it  new;  but  not  suffi 
ciently  select  or  condensed."— Stevenson's  Voyages  and  Travels.  See 
Blackwood's  Mag.,  ii.  380. 

2.  Hist,  of  Extinct  Volcanoes  on  the  Lower  Rhine,  8vo. 

3.  Hist  of  Foundations  of  Manchester,  3  vols.  4to  and  r. 
4to.     4.  Hist,  of  Manchester  Cathedral,  4to  and  r.  4to.     5. 
Sketches  of  the  Philosophy  of  Apparitions. 

"We  have  read  this  interesting  volume  with  much  pleasure 
The  account  of  the  opinions  formerly  entertained  of  the  origin, 
nature,  and  power  of  spirits  is  particularly  valuable."—  West 
minster  Review. 

"  Viewed  in  the  light  of  a  medical  guide,  it  cannot  fail  to  prova 
of  great  advantage  as  well  to  the  professional  student  as  to  the 


me 


HIC 


general  reader.  We  are  now  reluctantly  compelled  to  leave  this 
amusing  and  most  instructive  volume;  but  we  cannot  permit  our 
selves  to  finish  our  very  imperfect  review  of  it  without  recommend 
ing  to  our  readers  not  only  the  book  itself,  but  more  particularly 
the  principle  upon  which  it  is  written, — the  attempt  to  trace  all 
spectral  illusions  to  their  physical  cause." — British  Critic. 

Also  highly  commended  by  the  New  Monthly  Mag.  ; 
Literary  Gazette ;  Literary  Chronicle ;  Scotsman ;  London 
Star.  An  interesting  notice  of  it  by  "  Christopher  North" 
will  be  found  in  Noctes  Ainbrosianae,  March,  1825  ;  and 
see  Dr.  Shelton  Mackenzie's  note  to  his  ed.  of  the  Noctes, 
N.  York,  1855,  vol.  ii.  56. 

Hichoch,  Robert.     See  HITCHCOCK. 

Hickeringill,  Edmund,  1630-1708,  educated  at 
Cambridge,  became  a  captain  in  the  army,  and,  in  1662, 
Rector  of  All-Saints,  Colchester.  His  belligerent  spirit 
accompanied  him  into  the  church,  to  which  he  gave  great 
offence  by  a  number  of  "  wild  and  scurrilous  attacks"  on 
Priestcraft,  (1705,  4to,)  Ac.  In  1707  he  pub.  a  collection 
of  Miscellaneous  Tracts,  Essays,  Satyrs,  &c.  in  Prose. 
Lon.,  1707,  4to.  In  addition  to  his  occasional  serms.  and 
pamphlets,  he  put  forth,  in  1660,  4to,  Jamaica  Viewed; 
also  pub.  in  1661,  1705,  4to,  and  included  in  his  collection 
of  Miscellaneous  Tracts.  The  writer  had  spent  some  time 
in  Jamaica.  In  1716  there  was  pub.  a  2d  ed.  of  his  Works, 
Oxf.,  3  vols.  8vo.  The  editor  says: 

"  The  greatest  writers  of  our  times  trembled  at  his  pen ;  and,  as 
great  a  genius  as  Sir  Roger  L'Estrange's  was,  it  submitted  to  his 
superior  way  of  reasoning." 

But  Newcourt  treats  him  with  less  ceremony,  and  cha 
racterizes  him  as 

"  An  impudent,  violent,  ignorant  fellow,  very  troublesome,  as 
far  as  he  could,  to  his  right  reverend  diocesan,  and  to  all  that  lived 
near  hiui.:' — Jtepertorium. 

See  also  Athen.  Oxon. ;  Malone's  Dryden. 

Hickes,  or  Hicks,  Gaspar.  4  Serms.,  Lon.,  1644- 
45.  See  Athen.  Oxon. 

Hickes,  George,  D.D.,  1642-1715,  a  native  of  News- 
ham,  Yorkshire, entered  St.  John's  College,  Oxford,  1659; 
after  the  Restoration  removed  to  Magdalen  College, 
thence  to  Magdalen  Hall,  and  in  1664  was  chosen  Fellow 
of  Lincoln  College ;  Rector  of  St.  Ebbe's  church,  Oxford, 
about  1675  ;  Vicar  of  All-Hallows  Barking,  London,  1680; 
Dean  of  Worcester,  1683;  deprived  on  refusing  to  take 
the  oath  to  William  and  Mary,  1689;  consecrated  Bishop 
of  Thetford  by  the  Nonjurors,  1694.  Dr.  Hickes  jvas  one 
of  the  most  profoundly -learned  men  of  his  time,  and  of 
inflexible  integrity  of  character.  He  pub.  many  contro 
versial  treatises  on  religion  and  politics,  and  some  other 
works,  (for  a  list  of  which  see  authorities  cited  below,)  the 
most  of  which  are  now  forgotten.  The  following  are  among 
the  principal  of  his  productions: — 1.  Jovian;  or,  an 
Answer  to  Johnson's  Julian  the  Apostate,  and  Passive 
Obedience  Defended,  1673,  '83,  8vo.  Anon. 

"Wherein  is  showed  that,  notwithstanding  this  Doctrine  of  Non- 
resistance  or  Passive  Obedience,  we  are  secure  enough  of  our  lives, 
properties,  and  religion." — Chap.  xii. 

2.  The  Spirit  of  Enthusiasm  Exorcised ;  or,  a  Sermon 
on  1  Cor.  xii.  4,  Lon.,  1681,  '83,  4to ;  4th  ed.,  with  addits., 
1709,  8vo. 

"A  very  learned  and  important  discourse." — BISHOP  VAN  MILDERT. 

3.  Institutiones  Grammaticae  Anglo-Saxonicae  et  Maeso- 
Gothicae,  a  G.  Hickesio,  Grammatica  Islandica  Runolphi 
lonae.     Catalogus   Librorum   Septentrionalium.     Accedit 
Edvardi    Bernard!    Etymologium    Britannicum,    Oxon., 
1689,  4to.     A  very  valuable  work. 

"This  book  discovers  an  accuracy  in  this  language  beyond  the 
attainments  of  any  that  had  gone  before  him  in  that  study,  and 
will  be  of  most  necessary  use  to  such  as  shall  apply  themselves  to 
the  right  understanding  of  the  ancient  history  and  laws  of  this 
kingdom.  But,  as  all  first  draughts  of  any  sort  are  usually  im 
perfect,  so  there  seem  to  be  some  defects  in  it  that  might  have 
been  supplied.  For  example :  there  wanted  a  chapter  of  the 
variety  of  dialects,  which  might  have  been  had  out  of  the  northern 
interlineary  versions  of  the  gospel,  mentioned  by  Dr.  Marshall; 
one  whereof  is  peremptorily  affirmed  to  have  belonged  to  St. 
Cuthbert,  as  the  other,  in  all  likelihood,  did  to  Venerable  Bede." 
— Bishop  Nicolsori's  Eng.  Hist.  Lib.  See  extract  continued  under 
No.  4. 

4.  Linguarum   Veterum   Septentrionalium  Thesaurum 
Grammatico-Criticum     et    Archaeologicum,     1703-05,    6 
Parts,  fol. :  generally  bound  in  two  or  three  vols.     Pub.  at 
£3  3s. ;  large  paper,  £5   5s.     Large-paper  copies  of  this 
great  work  were  sold  at  £15  formerly,  but  can  now  be  had 
at  from  £5  to  £6.     Many  portions  of  the  work  are  taken 
from  original  Saxon  MSS.  now  lost. 

"  Dr.  Hickes.  the  great  master  of  the  Northern  languages  in 
general  and  of  the  Anglo-Saxon  in  particular,  accomplished  the 
most  arduous  task  in  compiling  and  publishing,  amidst  the  hard 
ships  of  deprivation  and  poverty,  his  filmed  Thesaurus  Linguarum 
Veterum  Septentrionalium."— DR.  INGRAM. 

t;  All  these  defects  [vide  ante]  are  now  amply  supplied  by  the 
great  author  in  his  Linguarum  Vet.  Septentrionalium  Thesaurus 


Grammatico-Criticus  et  Archaeologicus ;  which  has  had  so  many 
just  praises  given  it,  at  home  and  abroad,  that  few  English 
readers  can  be  strangers  to  its  contents." — BISHOP  NICOLSON  :  ubi 
supra. 

The  bishop,  referring  to  the  Anglo-Saxon  version  of 
Bede's  History  of  the  Anglo-Saxon  Church,  declares  that 
Dr.  Hickes  was  "of  all  men  now  living  the  best  able  to 
give  a  character  of  the  performance." — Ubi  supra. 

5.  Several  Letters  which  passed  between  Dr.  G.  Hickes 
and  a  Popish  Priest,  Lon.,  1705,  Svo ;  3d  ed.,  1727,  8vo. 
ft.  A  Second  Collection  of  Letters  rel.  to  the  Ch.  of  Eng. 
and  Ch.  of  Rome,  1710,  Svo,  between  Dr.  Hickes  and 
Lady  Carew.  The  two  collections  were  reprinted  in  1715, 
2  vols.  8vo. 

"  For  a  particular  defence  of  our  own  Reformers  against  the 
cavils  of  Romish  writers,  see  Abp.  Laud's  Conference  with  Fisher, 
Leslie's  Case  stated  between  the  Ch.  of  England  and  the  Ch.  of 
Rome,  and  Dr.  Hickes's  Letters  to  a  Popish  Priest.  In  these  will 
be  found  a  full  refutation  of  the  charges  brought  against  our  Re 
formers,  and  a  complete  vindication  of  them  upon  the  soundest 
principles  of  church-unity  and  church-authority." — BISHOP  VAN 
MILDERT. 

7.  Two  Treatises :  one  on  the  Christian  Priesthood,  the 
other  Of  the  Dignity  of  the  Episcopal  Order,  Ac.,  1707, 
'11,  Svo;  3d  ed.,  with  addits.,  1711,  2  vols.  Svo ;  4th  ed., 
Oxon.,  1847-48,  3  vols.  Svo.  In  Lib.  of  Anglo-Cath. 
Theol.  8.  Serms.,  with  a  Pref.  by  N.  Spinckes,  1713, 
2  vols.  Svo.  9.  Devotions  in  the  Ancient  Way  of  Offices 
Reformed,  1717,  Svo.  New  ed.,  1846,  fp.  Svo.  The  ori 
ginal  of  this  was  by  John  Austin,  who  died  1669 :  (see  p.  S3 
of  this  Dictionary.)  It  was  remodelled  by  Mrs.  S.  Hopton, 
and  Dr.  Hickes  wrote  a  preface  for  the  work  thus  revised. 
10.  Life  of  John  Kettlewell,  1718,  Svo.  11.  Serms.,  1726, 
Svo.  Posth.  See  Biog.  Brit.,  vol.  vii.,  Supp. ;  Burnet's 
Own  Times ;  Birch's  Life  of  Tillotson ;  Letters  by  Emi 
nent  Persons,  1813,  3  vols.  Svo;  Jones's  Life  of  Bishop 
Home ;  T.  B.  Macaulay's  Hist,  of  Eng.,  vol.  iii.,  1856. 

"  A  few  other  nonjurors  ought  to  be  particularly  noticed.  High 
among  them  in  rank  was  George  Hickes,  Dean  of  Worcester.  Of 
all  the  Englishmen  of  his  time  he  was  the  most  versed  in  the  old 
Teutonic  languages ;  and  his  knowledge  of  the  early  Christian 
literature  was  extensive.  As  to  his  capacity  for  political  discus 
sions,  it  may  be  sufficient  to  say  that  his  favourite  argument  for 
passive  obedience  was  drawn  from  the  story  of  the  Theban  legion." 
— T.  B.  MACAULAY  :  ubi  supra. 

Hickes,  or  Hicks,  William,  1620-1659,  a  captain 
of  the  Train-Bands,  and  a  Fifth -Monarchy  man,  educated 
at  Wadham  College,  Oxford.  Revelation  Revealed ;  being 
a  Practical  Exposition  of  the  Revelation  of  St.  John,  Lon., 
1659,  '61,  fol.  See  Athen.  Oxon. 

Hickes,  or  Hicks,  William,  a  captain  apparently 
in  the  recruiting-service  during  the  Civil  War  temp. 
Charles  I.  1.  Oxford  Jests,  1669 ;  enlarged,  1720,  12mo. 
This  is  called  the  first  Jest-Book  in  the  language.  2. 
CofFee-House  Jests;  3d  ed.,  1684.  3.  Oxford  Drollery; 
being  new  poems  and  songs,  1679.  Lloyd,  £3  10s.  4. 
Grammatical  Drollery;  consisting  of  Poems  and  Songs. 
This  is  ascribed  to  Hickes,  but  without  certainty.  Bibl. 
Anglo-Poet,  £5  5s. 

"  This  Hicks,  who  was  a  sharking  and  indigent  fellow  while  he 
lived  in  Oxon..  and  a  great  pretender  to  the  art  of  dancing,  (which 
he  forsooth  would  sometimes  teach.)  was  also  author  of  Coffee- 
House  Jests,  the  third  edition  of  which  came  out  in  1684.  and  of 
other  trivial  matters  meerly  to  get  bread  and  make  the  pot  walk." 
— Athen.  Oxon. 

Honest  old  Anthony  seems  to  have  held  in  great  con 
tempt  those  whose  motto  is 

"  Tenui  musam  meditamur  avena"  :— 
"  We  cultivate  literature  upon  a  little  oatmeal :" — 
or  who  employed  their  pen  for  the  grovelling  purpose 
of  "making  the  pot  walk." 

Hickes.     See  also  HICKS. 

Hickey,  Thomas.  Storia  della  Pittura  e  la  Scul- 
tura ;  or,  a  History  of  Painting  and  Sculpture  from  the 
earliest  accounts,  Ital.  and  Eng.,  Calcutta,  1788,  4to. 

Hickie,  Rev.  D.  B.,  LL.D.,  Head-Master  of  Arch 
bishop  Sandys's  Grammar-School,  Hawkshead,  has  pub.  a 
Greek  Primer,  a  Latin  Grammar,  an  ed.  of  Xenophon's 
Anabasis  and  the  Memorabilia  of  Socrates,  of  Longinus 
On  the  Sublime,  Select  Idylls  of  Theocritus,  <fec. 

Hickman,  Charles,  D.D.,  d.  1713,  a  native  of 
Northamptonshire,  student  of  Christ  Church,  Oxford, 
1667;  minister  of  St.  Ebbe's  Church,  Oxford;  Lecturer  of 
St.  James's,  Westminster,  1692 ;  subsequently  Rector  of 
Hogsnorton,Leicestersbire;  Bishop  of  Derry,1702.  1. Serin. ; 
pub.  separately,  1680-95.  2.  Serms.  before  the  H.  of  Com 
mons,  1690,  4to.  3.  Fourteen  Serms.,  1700,  Svo;  2d  ed., 
1706,  Svo;  3d  ed.,  1718,  8vo.  4.  Twelve  Serms.  on  the 
Festivals  and  Fasts,  1713,  8vo;  2d  ed.,  1724,  Svo. 

"  Bp.  Hickman,  as  a  writer  of  sermons,  has  scarce  a  superior, 
and  few  equals."— SAMUEL  CLAPHAM.  See  Athen.  Oxon. 

Hickman,  Henry,  d.  at  Leyden,  1692,  a  Non-con- 


HIC 


HIG 


formisfc  divine,  a  native  of  Worcestershire,  educated  at 
Cambridge,  Fellow  of  Magdalene  College,  Oxford,  was  de 
prived  at  the  Restoration,  and  became  preacher  to  the 
English  congregation  at  Leyden,  where  he  died.  He  pub. 
several  controversial  theological  treatises,  (1659-74,)  the 
best  of  which  appeared  without  his  name  :  —  Apologia  pro 
Ministris  in  Anglia  (vulgo)  Non-conformistis,  Ac.,  1664. 

Hickman,  William.     Rheumatism,  1816,  8vo. 

Hickock,  Laurens  Perseus,  D.D.,  b.  Dec.  29, 
1798,  at  Dan  bury,  Fairfield  county,  Conn.,  graduated  at 
Union  College,  1820  ;  licensed  as  a  preacher  by  the  Fair- 
field  East  Association,  1822  ;  Professor  of  Theology  in 
Western  Reserve  College,  Ohio,  1836-44;  removed  in  the 
latter  year  to  the  Auburn  Theological  Seminary,  and  in 
1862  accepted  the  Professorship  of  Mental  and  Moral 
Science  in,  with  the  Vice-Presidency  of,  Union  College. 
1.  Rational  Psychology,  Auburn,  1848,  12mo.  2.  Moral 
Science,  Schenectady,  1853,  12mo.  3.  Empirical  Psycho 
logy,  1854,  12mo  :  see  N.  Amer.  Rev.,  Ixxx.  265.  4.  Ra 
tional  Cosmology  ;  or,  The  Eternal  Principles  and  the  Ne 
cessary  Laws  of  the  Universe,  1858,  8vo.  Dr.  Hickock  has 
pub.  several  serms.  and  college  addresses,  and  contributed 
a  number  of  papers  to  the  Bibliotheca  Sacra,  the  Biblical 
Repository,  and  the  Christian  Spectator. 

Hickok,  Thomas.  The  Voyage  and  Trauails  of 
H.  Caesar  Frederick;  written  at  Sea,  1588.  Trans,  from 
the  Italian,  Lon.,  1588,  4to. 

Hickox,  John  Howard,  b.  at  Albany,  New  York, 
1832,  Assistant  Librarian  of  the  New  York  State  Library. 
An  Historical  Account  of  American  Coinage,  Albany,  1858, 
8vo,  pp.  151  ;  plates.  200  copies  printed  ;  5  on  large  paper. 
The  student  of  American  history  will  find  this  beautiful 
volume  of  great  service  in  his  researches.  Mr.  Hickox  has 
contributed  papers  to  various  periodicals. 

Hicks,  Elias,  d.  1830,  aged  81,  a  native  of  Jericho, 
Long  Island,  was  for  many  years  a  preacher  in  the  Society 
of  Friends  or  Quakers.  In  the  latter  years  of  his  life  he  pro 
mulgated  some  theological  opinions  which  led  to  a  division 
of  the  sect  of  which  he  was  a  minister.  See  —  1.  Journal 
of  his  Life  and  Religious  Labours,  Phila.  ;  2.  His  Sermons, 
1828,  8vo  ;  3.  A  Doctrinal  Epistle  written  by  Elias  Hicks 
in  1820,  8vo,  1824;  4.  Letters,  Ac.  relating  to  the  Doc 
trines  of  Elias  Hicks,  1824,  12mo;  5.  Observ.  on  the 
Serms.  of  Elias  Hicks,  by  a  Demi-Quaker,  1826,  8vo  ; 
6.  An  Examination  of  an  Epistle  issued  by  a  meeting  of 
the  followers  of  Elias  Hicks  :  being  a  statement  of  facts 
relative  to  their  separation  from  the  Society  of  Friends, 
1827,  12mo;  7.  A  View  of  the  sentiments  of  Elias  Hicks 
respecting  future  rewards  and  punishments,  1829,  12mo  ; 
8.  The  Bible  Advocate;  or,  an  answer  to  Elias  Hicks's 
blasphemies  and  others,  by  George  Senneff,  a  mechanic  ; 
2d  ed.,  1837,  12mo  ;  9.  Elias  Hicks  and  the  Hicksite 
Quakers  :  an  art.  by  Rev.  G.  W.  Burnap  in  Chris.  Exam., 
li.  321.  In  1811  Elias  Hicks  pub.  his  opinions  on  a  mat 
ter  greatly  agitated  since  he  examined  the  subject:—  Ob 
servations  on  Slavery,  New  York,  12mo. 

Hicks,  Fabian.  Abridgt.  of  Plowden's  Commen 
taries,  Lon.,  1650,  '59,  12mo. 

Hicks,  or  Hyckes,  Francis,  1566-1630,  a  native 
of  Worcestershire,  educated  at  St.  Mary  Hall,  Oxford, 
made  a  trans,  of  Lucian,  pub.  by  his  son,  Thomas  Hicks, 
1634,  4to.  He  left  some  MS.  trans,  from  Thucydides  and 
Herodian. 

Hicks,  Henry.  Dr.  Pearson's  Publication  relative 
to  the  Vaccine-Pock  Inoculation,  Lon.,  1803,  8vo. 

Hicks,  Mrs.  Rebecca,  of  Virginia.  1.  The  Lady- 
Killer,  Phila.  2.  The  Milliner  and  the  Millionaire,  12mo. 

Hicks,  Samuel.     Six  Discourses,  Lon.,  1767,  12mo. 

Hicks,  T.     A  Medical  Treatise,  Lon.,  1703,  8vo. 

Hicks,  or  Hyckes,  Thomas,  d.  1634,  Chaplain  of 
Christ  Church,  Oxford,  son  of  Francis  Hicks,  (ante,)  wrote 
the  Life  of  Lucian,  and  the  Notes  and  Illustrations  upon 
each  dialogue  which  enrich  his  father's  trans,  of  that  au 
thor,  1634,  4to. 

"  Besides  bis  great  skill  in  the  Greek  tongue,  he  was  esteemed 
mnS  *  g°°d  P°et  and  *********  Hmner."- 


T  r  ?h°moamV  l"  The  Quaker's  Appeal  answered, 

Lon.,  1674  8vo  2  Three  Dialogues  between  a  Christian 
and  a  Quaker  ,675,  12mo.  No.  1  is  included  in  this  vol. 

Hicks,  William.     See  HICKES. 

Hicks.     See  also  HICKES. 

Hide,  Edward.     See  HYDE. 

Hide,  Thomas,  a  priest.  A  Consolatorie  Epistle  to 
the  Sick  and  Afflicted  Catholickes,  Lov.,  by  John  Lvon 
1580,  8vo. 

Hitler,  Jon.,  S.T.P.     Manuale  Confessorum,  4to. 

Hieover,  Harry,  (a  nom  de  plume.)    1.  Stable-Talk 


and  Table-Talk;  or,  Spectacles  for  Young  Sportsmen- 
new  ed.,  Lon.,  2  vols.  8vo. 

"  Harry  Hieover  is  a  thoroughly  practical  man ;  and  he  is  mon, 
than  that:  he  is  a  thoroughly  amusing  one,  the  pleasantest  quill- 
driver  probably  that  ever  drove  four  horses  as  they  ought  to  be 
driven."— ion.  New  Sporting  Magazine. 

See  also  Bell's  Life  in  London;  Lon.  Times;  Lon.  Exa 
miner. 

2.  The  Pocket  and  the  Stud;  or,  How  to  procure  and 
keep  Horses,  fp.  8vo. 

"  Few  books  are  so  sure  to  save  large  amounts  of  £  s.  d.  to  those 
who  study  their  precepts  as  The  Pocket  and  the  Stud  of  Mr. 
Hieover." — Lon.  Quar.  Rev.,  March,  1849. 

3.  The  Stud  for  Practical  Purposes  and  Practical  Men, 
fp.  8vo. 

"  When  the  veterinarian  returns  home  at  eve,  after  his  round 
of  labours  for  the  day,  instead  of  dozing  off  to  sleep  in  his  easy- 
chair,  let  him  seek  recreation  in  beguiling  an  hour  with  Harry." 
— Lon.  Veterinarian. 

See  also  The  Britannia,  &c. 

4.  Hints  to  Horsemen,  1856. 

"When  Harry  Hieover  gives  hints  to  horsemen,  he  does  not 
mean  by  that  term  riders  exclusively,  but  owners,  breeders,  buyers, 
sellers,  and  admirers,  of  horses.  To  teach  such  men  how  to  make 
money  is  to  impart  no  valueless  instruction  to  a  large  class  of 
mankind.  The  advice  is  frankly  given,  and,  if  no  benefit  result, 
it  will  not  be  for  want  of  good  counsel."— ion.  Athenceum. 

See  also  Lon.  Express,  &c. 

Hieron,  Samuel,  1572-1617,  a  native  of  Epping, 
Essex,  educated  at  King's  College,  Cambridge,  was  pre 
sented  to  the  living  of  Modbury,  Devonshire,  which  he 
held  until  his  death.  He  was  zealously  opposed  to  Ro 
manism  and  considered  a  Puritan,  but  adhered  rigidly  to 
the  Church  of  England.  He  pub.  serms.,  a  poetical  an 
swer  to  a  Romish  Rime,  and  several  theolog.  treatises, 
1604-18.  Workes,  1614,  fol.  Reprinted,  with  an  addit, 
vol.,  edited  by  Robt.  Hill,  with  a  Life  of  the  Author,  1620, 
2  vols.  fol.  Again,  1635,  2  vols.  fol. 

"  A  good  old  writer."— Bickersteth's  O.  S. 

Hiffernan,  Paul,  1719-1777,  a  native  of  the  county 
of  Dublin,  Ireland,  came  to  London  in  1753,  and  for  the 
rest  of  his  life  was  a  hack  author.  1.  The  Ticklers ;  a  set 
of  Periodical  Papers  pub.  in  Dublin  about  1750.  2.  The 
Tuner;  a  set  of  Periodical  Papers  pub.  in  London,  1753. 

3.  The  Wishes  of  a  Free  People;  a  Dramatic  Poem,  1761. 

4.  The  Earl  of  Warwick;  a  Trag.  from  the  French  of  La 
Harpe,*Lon.,  1761,  4to.      5.  Dramatic  Genius;  an  Essay 
in  5  Books,  1770.     6.  The  Philosophic  Whim,  or  Astro 
nomy;  a  Farce,  1774,  4to.     7.  The  Heroine  of  the  Cave; 
a  Trag.,  1775,  8vo.     See  Biog.  Dramat. ;  Davies's  Life  of 
Garrick,  i.  247 ;  Ireland's  Life  of  Henderson,  61. 

Higden,  Henry.  1.  Modern  Essay  on  the  tenth 
Satire  of  Juvenal,  1687,  4to.  2.  The  Wary  Widow,  or 
Sir  Noise  Parrot;  a  Comedy,  1698,  4to. 

Higden,  Ranulph,  or  Ralph,  d.  1360,  aged  between 
80  and  90,  a  Benedictine  of  St.  Werberg's  Monastery  in 
Chester,  was  the  author  of  a  Latin  chronicle  entitled 
Polychronicon.  Dr.  Gale  pub.  that  part  which  relates  to  the 
Britons  and  Saxons  among  his  Quindecem  Scriptores,  Ac., 
(i.  177.)  The  Polychronicon  was  trans,  into  English  by 
John  de  Trevisa  in  1387,  and  from  this  Caxton  made  a 
version  (adding  an  8th  book,  or  continuation  from  1387  to 
1460)  and  printed  it  in  1482,  fol.  A  copy  was  sold  at 
Dent's  sale  (Pt.  2,  143)  for  £103  19s.  Reprinted  by  Wyn- 
ken  de  Worde,  with  addits.  and  a  Hymn  in  praise  of  His 
tory,  1495,  fol.  Again,  by  Peter  Treveris,  1527,  fol.  The 
Polychronicon  of  Higden  is  divided  into  seven  books. 
Book  i.  contains  a  description  of  countries  in  general,  and 
especially  of  Britain ;  books  ii.-vi.  give  us  a  Civil  His 
tory  from  the  Creation  to  temp.  Edward  III.  The  Chester 
Mysteries,  exhibited  in  that  city  in  1328,  have  been  as 
cribed  to  Higden ;  but  this  has  been  stoutly  denied.  See 
Bishop  Nicolson's  Eng.  Hist.  Lib. ;  Dibdin's  Typ.  Antiq. ; 
Dibdin's  Lib.  Comp. ;  Bibl.  Spenceriana ;  Warton's  Hist,  of 
Eng.  Poet. ;  Biog.  Dramat. ;  Lowndes's  Bibl.  Man. ;  Brit. 
Bibliog.;  Hallam's  Lit.  Hist,  of  Europe,  4th  ed.,  1854,  i. 
213,  312,  n.  Bp.  Nicolson  treats  Higden  with  little  respect, 
and  insists  upon  it  that  he  stole  his  Polychronicon  from 
Roger  Cestrensis's  Polycratica  Tetnporuin ;  but  it  has  been 
charitably  surmised  that  they  both  stole  (or  borrowed)  from 
the  same  quarter.  Their  works  are  rather  objects  of  curi 
osity  than  standards  of  an  authoritative  character. 

Higden,  Win.,  pub.  a  Serm.,  Ac.,  1708,  '11,  a  View  of 
the  Eng.  Constitution,  1700,  '09,  '16,  Ac.,  8vo,  and  a  De 
fence  of  the  View,  1710,  8vo.  The  two  last  were  answered 
by  Hilkiah  Bedford,  or,  rather,  by  George  Harbin :  see  p. 
157  of  this  Dictionary. 

Higford,  William,  1580-1657.  The  Institution  of  a 
Gentleman;  in  three  Parts,  Lon.,  1660,  12mo,  (1658,  Svo?) 
See  Athen.  Oxon. ;  Cens.  Literaria,  ed.  1815,  vi.  323-329 


pp. 
No. 


HIG 

"  I  can  scarcely  refer  to  any  Tolume  in  my  possession  of  equal 
curiosity  with  this  ;  as  it  is  an  original  work,  and  the  earliest  I 
know  in  our  language  upon  the  character  and  amusements  of  an 
English  Gentleman."—  J.  HASLEWOOD. 

Higges,  Joseph.  Guide  to  Justices,  Lon.,  1736,  '42, 
'51,  12mo. 

Higgeson.     See  HIGGINSON,  FRANCIS. 
Higgins,  Bryan,  M.D.,  Operator  to  the  Society  for 
Philos.  Experiments,  Ac.,  pub.  Philos.  Essays  concerning 
Light,  1776,  8vo,  and  treatises  on  chemical  philosophy, 
Ac.,  1780-1802. 

Higgins,  Francis.  Serms.,  1705,  '06,  '07. 
Higgins,  Godfrey,  1771-1833,  of  Skellow  Grange, 
near  Doncaster,  a  magistrate  for  the  West  Riding  of  York 
shire,  was  the  author  of  some  political  pamphlets,  Ac.  and 
the  following  works  :—  1.  Horse  Sabbaticse.  2.  The  Celtic 
Druids,  1827,  4to.  See  Lon.  Gent.  Mag.,  xcvii.,  ii.  151, 
347.  3.  Mohammed  j  or,  the  Illustrious,  1829,  8vo.  This 
was  reviewed  with  much  severity  by  Edward  Upham, 
author  of  The  History  of  Buddhism.  Mr.  Upham  says, 
I  know  it  to  be  full  of  errors."  (Gent.  Mag.,  Jan.  1830, 
9-14.)  Mr.  Higgins  noticed  Upham's  letter  in  the  next 
o.  of  the  Magazine,  and  Mr.  Upham  continued  the  sub 
ject  in  the  No.  for  March.  4.  An  Anacalypsis;  an  attempt 
to  draw  aside  the  Veil  of  the  Saitic  Isis,  or  An  Inquiry 
into  the  Origin  of  Languages,  Nations,  and  Religions, 
1836,  2  vols.  4to.  Posth.  Privately  printed.  This  work 
had  been  announced  by  Rev.  Joseph  Hunter,  in  his  History 
of  South  Yorkshire,  before  Mr.  Higgins's  death. 

"It  occasionally  happens  that  books  written  to  display  some 
peculiarity  of  system  —  or,  as  the  wicked  say,  crotchet  —  of  the  au 
thor  turn  out  to  have  a  value  of  their  own,  from  the  very  great 
number  of  well-indexed  and  well-referenced  facts  which  they  con 
tain.  We  remember  being  much  struck  by  seeing  among  the 
books  of  reference  in  the  Museum  Reading-room  the  Anacalypsis 
of  Godfrey  Higgins.  Never  was  there  more  wildness  of  specula 
tion  than  in  this  attempt  to  lift  the  veil  of  Isis.  But  thousands 
of  statements,  cited  from  all  quarters,  and  very  well  indexed,  ap 
parently  brought  the  book  into  such  demand  as  made  it  conve 
nient  that  it  should  be  in  the  reading-room  itself."  —  Lon.  Athe- 
nceum,  Aug.  2,  1856,  p.  953  :  Review  of  John  Wilson's  Lost  Solar 
System  of  tJie.  Ancients  Discovered. 

Higgins,  Jesse,  of  Delaware.  A  Method  of  Drain 
ing  Ponds  in  Level  Grounds;  Trans.  Amer.  Soc.,  vol.  iii. 
p.  325. 

Higgins,  or  Higins,  John,  an  English  schoolmaster 
and  divine  temp.  Elizabeth,  pub.  the  Flosculi  of  Terence, 
Holcot's  Dictionaire,  and  other  school-books,  some  contro 
versial  tracts,  and,  in  1587,  4to,  the  4th  ed.  of  The  Mirror 
for  Magistrates,  with  addits.  of  his  own.  The  last-named 
work  has  already  come  under  our  notice  :  see  BALDWIN, 
WILLIAM  ;  BLENER-HASSET,  THOMAS  ;  DORSET,  THOMAS 
SACKVILLE,  EARL  OF  AND  LORD  BUCKHURST.  Respecting 
Higgins,  see  Athen.  Oxon.  ;  Brydges's  Phillips's  Theat. 
Poet.  ;  Cooper's  Muses'  Library,  p.  142  ;  Warton's  Hist,  of 
Eng.  Poet. 

Higgins,  Tobias.  Serm.,  Lon.,  1641,  8vo. 
Higgins,  W.  Mullinger,  Lect.  on  Exper.  Philos.  at 
Guy's  Hospital.  1.  The  Mosaic  and  Mineral  Geologies 
illustrated  and  compared,  1833,  8vo.  2.  Handbook  of 
Natural  Philos.,  1837,  ISmo.  3.  Philos.  of  Sound  and 
Hist,  of  Music,  1838,  fp.  8vo.  4.  Experimental  Philoso 
pher,  1838,  16mo  and  12mo.  5.  Handbook  of  the  Steam 
Engine,  1S42,  18mo.  6.  Treatise  on  Algebra,  8vo.  7.  Trea 
tise  on  Light  and  Optical  Instruments,  8vo.  8.  Book  of 
Geology,  1842,  fp.  8vo.  9.  Entertaining  Philosopher,  Lon., 
1844,  fp.  8vo. 

"A  very  comprehensive,  useful,  and  instructive  volume,  in 
which  Mechanics,  Pneumatics,  Heat,  Optics,  Electricity,  &c.  are 
clearly  and  pleasantly  explained."  —  Lon.  Literary  Gazette. 

10.  The  Earth:  its  Physical  Condition  and  Phenomena 
1847,  '49,  '55,  12mo  and  sq.  11.  Researches  in  the  Solar 
System,  1852,  12rno.  See  Lon.  Athenaeum,1852,pp.403-404. 
Higgins,  Wm.,  Prof,  of  Chemistry  and  Mineralogy 
at  the  Repository  of  the  Dublin  Society.  Chemical  trea 
tises.  1789-1817. 

Higgins,  Wm.  The  American;  a  Nov.,  1803,  '04, 
2  vols. 

Higgons,  Bevil,  1670-1735,  younger  son  of  Sir 
Thomas  Higgons,  was  educated  at  Oxford  and  Cambridge, 
and  subsequently  entered  the  Middle  Temple.  He  accom 
panied  James  II.  into  exile,  and  died  in  France.  1.  The 
Generous  Conqueror  ;  a  Trag.,  1702,  4to.  2.  A  Short  View 
of  the  English  History,  1723,  '33,  8vo;  Hague,  1727,  8vo. 
3.  Hist,  and  Crit.  Remarks  on  Bp.  Burnet's  Hist,  of  his 
Own  Times,  1725,  '27,  8vo.  Nos.  2  and  3  were  reprinted 
in  1736,  2  vols.  8vo.  4.  Hist  of  the  Life  and  Reign  of 
Mary,  Queen  of  Scots,  Dubl.,  1753,  8vo.  Wood  enume 
rates  five  poems  by  Higgons  :  see  Athen.  Oxon.  ;  Nichols's 
Poems. 


HIG 

Higgons,  Theophilus,  d.  1659,  a  divine  of  the  Ch. 
jf  Eng.,  joined  the  Roman  Catholic  Church,  but  subse 
quently  returned  to  the  Church  of  England.  Theolog. 
treatises  and  serms.,  1609-24.  See  Bliss's  Wood's  Athen. 
)xon. 

Higgons,  Sir  Thomas,  M.P.,  1624-1691,  a  native 
.f  Westbrugh,  Shropshire,  was  educated  at  Oxford.  Fu 
neral  Oration  on  his  first  Lady,  (the  Countess  of  Essex,) 
1656. 

"  As  this  pamphlet  is  extremely  rare,  I  conclude  that  the  copies 
of  it  were,  for  certain  reasons,  industriously  collected  and  de 
stroyed  ;  though  few  pieces  of  this  kind  have  less  deserved  to 
perish."— REV.  J.  GRANGES. 

Other  publications.  See  Bliss's  Wood's  Athen.  Oxon. } 
Nichols's  Poems. 

Higginson,  Francis,  d.  1630,  aged  42,  first  minister 
of  Salem,  Massachusetts,  educated  at  Emanuel  College, 
Cambridge,  was  for  some  time  minister  of  a  church  of  Lei 
cester,  England,  but,  becoming  a  Non-conformist,  was  ex 
cluded  from  his  pulpit.  He  lived  but  about  fourteen  months 
after  his  arrival  in  America.  New  England's  Plantation ; 
or,  a  short  and  true  Description  of  the  Commodities  and 
Discommodities  of  the  Country,  Lon.,  1630,  4to  j  3d  ed., 
with  Letter  of  Mr.  Graves,  in  same  year.  Mr.  Higginson 
left  a  MS.  account  of  his  voyage  to  America,  which  is  pre 
served  in  Hutchinson's  collection  of  papers.  See  Mag- 
nalia;  Collect.  Mass.  Hist.  Soc.,  i.  117-124;  vi.  231,  242- 
244 ;  ix.  23 ;  Allen's  Amer.  Biog.  Diet. 

Higginson,  Francis,  d.  1670  ?  aged  54,  son  of  the 
preceding,  went  to  Europe,  studied  at  Leyden,  and  became 
settled  as  a  minister  at  Kirby-Steven,  Westmoreland,  Eng 
land.  He  wrote  against  the  Quakers,  and  pub.  also  a 
Latin  theolog.  treatise.  See  preceding  article. 

Higginson,  John,  1616-1708,  son  of  the  first-named 
Francis  Higginson,  was  a  native  of  England,  and  accom 
panied  his  father  to  America  in  1629.  He  was  pastor  of 
the  church  in  Salem  (formerly  under  charge  of  his  father) 
from  1660  to  1708,  and  at  the  time  of  his  death  had  been 
seventy-two  years  in  the  ministerial  office.  He  pub.  a 
number  of  serms.,  theolog.  treatises,  Ac.,  1663-1708,  and 
a  most  eloquent  attestation  to  Cotton  Mather's  Magnalia, 
which  is  thus  warmly  commended  by  one  of  the  most 
learned  students  of  American  letters  : 

"John  Higginson  was  one  of  the  great  men  of  New  England, 
and  incomparably  the  best  writer,  native  or  foreign,  who  lived  in 
America  during  the  first  hundred  years  of  her  colonization.  That 
portion  of  his  attestation  to  the  Magnalia  which  treats  of  the  exodus 
of  the  Puritans  has  not  been  surpassed  in  strength  and  grandeur 
in  all  the  orations  ever  delivered  at  Plymouth  Rock,  those  of 
Webster  and  Everett  not  excepted."— DR.  R.  W.  GRISWOLD. 

See  Magnalia ;  Collect.  Mass.  Hist.  Soc.,  vi.  243,  244, 
259-294,  271,  272 ;  Rich's  Bibl.  Amer.  Nova,  i.  14. 

Higgs,  Griffin,  or  Griffith,  1589-1659,  a  native  of 
Oxfordshire,  educated  at  St.  John's  College,  Oxford,  for 
twelve  years  chaplain  to  the  Queen  of  Bohemia,  became 
in  1638  Dean  of  Lichfield.  1.  Problemata  Theologica, 
Leyden,  1630,  4to.  2.  Miscellaneae  Theses  Theologicae, 
1630.  See  Athen.  Oxon. 

Higgs,  Joseph.     Medical  Essay,  Lon.,  1755,  8vo. 

Higham,  John.    Serms.,  Lon.,  1652,  '75. 

Highley,  Miss.  Galatea;  a  Pastoral  Romance. 
From  the  French  of  Florian,  Lon.,  1804,  8vo. 

Highmore,  Anthony,  Solicitor-at-Law,  pub.  several 
treatises  on  law,  Public  Charities  of  London,  Ac.  See 
Watt's  Bibl.  Brit. ;  McCulloch's  Lit.  of  Polit.  Econ.,  335. 

Highmore,  Joseph,  1692-1780,  an  eminent  painter, 
a  native  of  London,  was  a  writer  of  considerable  merit. 

1.  Crit.  Exam,  of  two  Pictures  by  Rubens,  Lon.,  1754,  4to. 

2.  Prac.  of  Perspective,  1763,  4to.     3.  Observ.  on  Dodwell's 
Christianity  not  founded  on  Argument,  1765.  Anon.   4.  Es 
says,  Moral,  Religious,  and  Miscellaneous,  Ac.     See  Lon. 
Gent.  Mag.,  vol.  1. 

Highmore,  Nathaniel,  M.D.,  1613-1684,  a  native 
of  Hampshire,  educated  at  Trinity  College,  Oxford.  1.  Cor- 
poris  Humani  Disquisitio  Anatomica,  Hague,  1651,  fol. 
2.  Hist,  of  Generation,  Lon.,  1651,  8vo  and  12mo.  3.  Ex- 
ercitationes  dute :  I.  De  Passione  Hysterica ;  II.  De  Hy- 
pochondriaca  Affectione,  Oxon.,  1660,  12mo ;  Lon.,  1670, 
4to.  This  work  was  attacked  by  Dr.  Willis,  in  reply  to 
whom  Highmore  pub.  (4.)  Epistola  Responsoria  ad  T.  Willis, 
Ac.,  1670,  4to.  5.  Medical  Springs;  Phil.  Trans.,  1670. 
The  cavity  called  the  Antrum  ffif/hmorianum  in  the  supe 
rior  maxilla  takes  its  name  from  our  author. 

Highmore,  Nathaniel,  M.D.,  LL.D.,  Prof,  of  Law, 
Cambridge.  Jus  Ecclesiasticum  Anglicum  ;  or,  the  Govt. 
of  the  Ch.  of  Eng.  exemplified  and  illustrated,  Lon.,  1810, 
4to.  Dr.  H.  also  pub.  a  few  legal,  political,  and  medical 
tracts. 


IIIL 


IIIL 


Ililarins,  a  poet  who  flourished  about  1125,  was  the 
author  of  three  scriptural  dramas  and  several  minor  poems, 
an  account  of  which  will  be  found  in  Wright's  Biog.  Brit. 
Lit.,  Anglo-Norman  Period,  91-94.  See  also  Duchesne's 
ed.  of  the  Works  of  Abelard;  Hilarii  Versus  et  Ludi.  Lu- 
tetiae  Parisiorum,  1838,  12mo,  edited  by  M.  Chainpollion- 
Figeac. 

.Milder,  Thomas.  Conjugal  Counsel,  Lon.,  1653,  8vo. 
Hildersham,  Arthur,  1563-1631,  a  Puritan  divine, 
a  native  of  Cambridgeshire,  educated  at  Christ's  College, 
Cambridge,  Fellow  of  Trinity  Hall,  1586,  presented  by  the 
Earl  of  Huntingdon  in  1593  to  the  living  of  Ashby-de-la- 
•Zouch,  in  Leicestershire,  which  he  retained  until  his  death. 
Through  his  great-uncle,  Cardinal  Pole,  Mr.  Hildersham 
was  descended  from  the  royal  family  of  England ;  but  what 
is  more  to  the  purpose  is  that  he  was  a  man  of  profound 
learning,  devoted  piety,  and  unwearied  zeal  in  the  propa 
gation  of  religious  truth.  1.  CVTII.  Lects.  upon  the  IV. 
of  St.  John,  Lon.,  1629,  fol.;  2d  ed.,  much  enlarged,  1632, 
fol. ;  1647,  fol. ;  1656,  fol. 

"Discover  the  author  to  be  a  sound  divine,  an  admirable  text- 
uary,  a  profoundly-experienced  Christian,  and  an  excellent  teacher. 
These  discourses  are  more  concise  and  finished  than  those  on  the 
fifty-first  Psalm."— Dr.  E.  Williams's  C.  P. 
"  Very  spiritual,  full,  and  evangelical." — Bickersletfi's  C.  S. 
2.  Lects.  upon  Psalm  xxxiv.,  1632,  fol.     3.  Serms.,  1633, 
4to.    4.  CLII.  Lects.  upon  Psalm  li.,  1635,  fol.  ;  1642,  fol.  : 
(1644,  fol.?) 

"  A  rich  mine  of  practical  divinity." — DR.  E.  WILLIAMS. 
5.  Paraphrase  upon  the  Canticles  of  Solomon,  1672,  8vo. 
Posth.  Extracted  from  the  author's  MS.  Paraphrase  of 
the  whole  Bible.  6.  Treatise  on  the  Lord's  Supper. 
7.  Treatise  of  the  Ministry  of  the  Ch.  of  Eng.,  with  an 
Answer  to  it  by  Fr.  Johnson,  4to.  See  Goadby's  Memoirs 
of  Hildersham,  Bingham,  1819,  8vo ;  Clark's  Lives  j  Neal's 
Puritans ;  Nichols's  Leicestershire.  Dr.  Williams  valued 
Hildersham's  Expositions  of  Psalm  li.  and  St.  John  iv.  so 
highly  that  he  declares  "he  cannot  be  sufficiently  com 
mended,"  and  thinks  it  ample  praise  of  Samuel  Shaw  to 
admit  that 

"  He  seems  to  have  caught  the  mantle  of  Mr.  Arthur  Hilder 
sham,  who  had  resided  before  him  at  the  same  place,  Ashby-de-la- 
Zouch." — Christian  PreacJier. 

"  A  great  and  shining  light  of  the  Puritan  party,  and  celebrated 
for  his  singular  learning  and  piety." — ECHARD. 

Hildcsley,  Mark,  D.D.,  1698-1772,  educated  at,  and 
Fellow  of,  Trin.  Coll.,  Camb. ;  Vicar  of  Hitchin,  Hertford 
shire,  1731;  Rector  of  Holwell,  Bedford,  1735;  Bishop  of 
Sodor  and  Man,  1755.  He  was  also  Master  of  Sherburn 
Hospital,  and  Preb.  of  Lincoln.  Bishop  Hildesley  was 
descended  from  the  royal  family  of  England  in  the  same 
line  with  Rev.  Arthur  Hildersham,  and,  like  him,  was  noted 
for  his  piety  and  zeal.  It  was  under  his  auspices  that  the 
translation  of  the  Holy  Scriptures  into  the  Manks  lan 
guage,  begun  by  his  predecessor,  Bishop  Wilson,  was  car 
ried  to  completion.  He  also  pub.  the  Book  of  Common 
Prayer  and  other  works  in  the  same  language.  As  an 
author,  he  gave  nothing  to  the  world,  save  a  small  tract, 
pub.  anonymously,  entitled  Plain  Instructions  for  Young 
Persons  in  the  Principles  of  the  Christian  Religion,  in 
two  Parts,  1762-67.  See  the  Memoirs  of  Bishop  Hildes 
ley,  by  Rev.  Weeden  Butler,  Sr.,  1799,  8vo. 

Hildeyard,  John.    Funeral  Serin.,  Lon.,  1683,  4to. 
Hilditch,  Ann.      Rosa  de  Mont   Morien;   a  Nov., 
1789,  2  vols. 

Hildreth,  Ezekiel,  1785-1856,  b.  in  Westford,  Mass., 
grad.  at  Harvard  Coll.  1814,  and  was  a  teacher  in  Ohio 
for  42  years.  Author  of  (1)  Logopolis ;  or,  City  of  Words. 
2.  Key  to  Knowledge.  3.  Essay  on  the  Mortality  of  the 
Soul.  4.  Address  on  Education,  &c. 

Hildreth,  Hosea,  1782-1835,  a  native  of  Chelms- 
ford,  Mass.,  graduated  at  Harvard  College,  1803,  was  for 
some  time  Professor  of  Mathematics  at  Phillips  Academy, 
Exeter,  and  for  eight  years  pastor  of  the  First  Church  in 
Gloucester,  Mass.  He  pub.  several  serms.,  <fcc. 

Hildreth,  Richard,  b.  June  28,  1807,  at  Deerfield, 
Massachusetts,  son  of  the  preceding,  graduated  at  Harvard 
College  in  1826,  was  admitted  to  the  Suffolk  county  (Boston) 
Bar  in  1830,  and  commenced  the  practice  of  the  law  in 
Newburyport,  in  his  native  State.     From  July,  1832,  to 
October,  1834,  Mr.  Hildreth  was  co-editor  of  the  Boston 
Atlas,  a  daily  newspaper,  (of  which  he  was  also  a  joint 
founder,)   and   again    co-editor   and  Washington   corre 
spondent,  May,  1836,  to  November,  1839.    From  October, 
1834,  to  March,  1836,  he  resided  in  Florida,  with  a  view 
to  the  improvement  of  his  health,  and,  with  the  same  ob-  I 
ject,  resided  from  September,  1846,  to  September,  1847,  in  I 
Demarara.     During  his  abode  in  the  latter  place  he  edited 
guccessively  The  Guiana  Chronicle  and  The  Royal  Gazette,  i 
844 


(tri-weekly  papers  devoted  to  the  support  of  the  policy  of 
the  British  Government  in  the  abolition  of  slavery,)  and 
edited,  with  an  historical  introduction,  a  compilation  of 
the  colonial  laws  of  British  Guiana.  In  addition  to  the 
works  about  to  be  noticed, — no  inconsiderable  evidence 
of  great  literary  activity, — Mr.  Hildreth  has  given  to  the 
world  a  number  of  pamphlets  and  miscellaneous  articles 
in  magazines  and  reviews,  and  edited  several  educational 
manuals  and  daily  journals.  He  devotes  his  leisure  mo 
ments  to  a  continuation  of  his  principal  work, — the  History 
of  the  United  States, — which  he  designs  to  bring  down  (in 
two  or  more  vols.)  to  the  end  of  the  administration  of 
President  Pierce. 

1.  The  Slave  ;  or,  Memoir  of  Archy  Moore,  1836,  2  vols. 
12mo.  New  ed.,  with  a  ^continuation,  under  the  title  of 
The  White  Slave;  or,  Memoirs  of  a  Fugitive,  1852,  12mo. 
2.  Banks,  Banking,  and  Paper  Currencies,  1837,  12mo; 
enlarged  ed.,  1840,  12mo. 

"A  feeble  apology  for  the  worst  parts  of  the  American  banking 
system."— McCulloch's  Lit.  of  Polit.  Econ.,  187. 

3.  Life  of  General  Wm.  Henry  Harrison,  1839,  18mo. 
As  editor  of  the  Boston  Atlas,  Mr.  H.  contributed  largely 
to  the  nomination  of  General  Harrison  for  the  Presidency 
of  the  U.  States.  4.  -Bentharn's  Theory  of  Legislation  ; 
from  the  French  of  Duinont,  1840,  2  vols.  16mo.  5.  Des 
potism  in  America:  an  Inquiry  into  the  Nature,  Results, 
and  Legal  Basis  of  the  Slave-holding  System  of  the 
United  States,  1840;  enlarged  ed.,  1854.  We  give  the 
title  of  the  last  ed.  This  work  is  to  be  followed  by  a 
sequel :  see  Lon.  Athenaeum,  1854,  p.  1089.  6.  Theory  of 
Morals,  1844,  12mo.  7.  Hist,  of  the  United  States  of 
America :  I.  From  the  Discovery  of  the  Continent  to  the  Or 
ganization  of  Government  under  the  Federal  Constitution, 
1497-1787,  3  vols.  8vo,  1849.  Revised  ed.,  1854,  3  vols. 
8vo.  II.  From  the  Adoption  of  the  Federal  Constitution 
to  the  end  of  the  16th  Congress,  1788-1821,  3  vols.  8vo, 
1852.  Revised  ed.,  1855,  3  vols.  8vo. 

In  the  advertisement  prefixed  to  the  first  vol.  of  his 
history,  Mr.  Hildreth  gives  his  reader  to  understand  that 
he  may  expect  to  find  a  plain  story  told  in  a  plain  way : 

"  Of  centennial  sermons  and  Fourth-of-July  orations,  whether 
professedly  such  or  in  the  guise  of  history,  there  are  more  than 
enough.  It  is  due  to  our  fathers  and  ourselves,  it  is  due  to  truth 
and  philosophy,  to  present  for  once,  on  the  historic  stage,  the 
founders  of  our  American  nation  unbedaubed  with  patriotic  rouge, 
wrapped  up  in  no  fine-spun  cloaks  of  excuses  and  apology,  without 
stilts,  buskins,  tinsel,  or  bedizeiiment,  in  their  own  proper  per 
sons,  often  rude,  hard,  narrow,  superstitious,  and  mistaken,  but 
always  earnest,  downright,  manly,  and  sincere.  The  result  of 
their  labours  is  eulogy  enough  :  their  best  apology  is  to  tell  their 
story  exactly  as  it  was." 

"  If  a  plain  and  well-written  narrative  of  public  events,  mostly 
in  the  order  of  their  occurrence,  without  any  attempt  to  generalize 
them,  or  to  deduce  from  them  broader  lessons  of  experience,  is  all 
that  constitutes  a  good  history,  then  Mr.  Hildreth' s  work  deserves 
its  name,  and  has  fair  claims  to  respectful  notice.  It  is  easy  to 
see,  however,  that  this  is  not  all,  and  that  history  written  on  such 
a  plan  must  needs  be  imperfect  and  unsatisfactory.  .  .  .  Nothing 
cau  be  more  cold  and  naked  than  his  recital  of  any  facts  which  are 
honourable  to  the  memory  of  the  first  settlers  of  New  England  ; 
if  they  do  not  occupy  a  very  prominent  place  on  the  common 
record  he  forgets  to  mention  them  at  all.  When  they  are  forced 
upon  his  notice  he  dismisses  them  as  rapidly  as  possible.  He  has 
not  a  word  of  praise  for  their  conscientiousness,  their  heroism,  or 
their  self-denial;  though  the  first  alone  caused  them  to  emigrate, 
so  that  it  was  the  seminal  principle  of  the  New  England  colonies, 
while  the  second  and  third  sustained  their  settlements  through 
many  years  of  danger  and  privation." — FRANCIS  BOWEN  :  N.  Amer. 
Rev.,  Ixxiii.  411-447  :  review  of  vols.  i.-iv. 

"The  author's  style  is  bald  and  meagre  in  the  extreme;  and 
never  once  does  he  rise  into  any  thing  like  fervour  or  exhibit  the 
slightest  capability  of  the  graphic  and  picturesque.  But  the  story 
is  conscientiously — and,  as  far  as  details  go,  thoroughly — told.  . .  . 
The  spirit  in  which  the  story  is  told  is  also  remarkably  fair.  The 
Puritans — '  often  rude,  hard,  narrow,  superstitious,  and  mistaken,' 
as  Mr.  Hildreth  thinks  them,  <  but  always  earnest,  downright, 
manly,  and  sincere' — are  treated  with  evident  respect  and  liking; 
and  only  now  and  then,  when  in  duty  bound  as  a  modern  and  an 
American, — as  for  example,  in  behalf  of  representative  freedom, 
religious  toleration,  and  such  matters,— does  the  author  put  in 
any  protest  of  his  own."— Lon.  Athenceum,  1850,  pp.  13-15 :  review 
of  vols.  i.-iii. 

Vols.  iv.  and  v.  are  reviewed  in  the  same  periodical  for 
Nov.  15,  1851,  pp.  1191-1193;  and  vol.  vi.  in  the  No.  for 
May  7,  1853.  The  reviewer,  referring  to  the  probability 
of  Mr.  Hildreth's  continuation  of  his  History,  trusts  that 
he  will  attend  to  the  hints  which  he  has  given  him,  and 
dismisses  the  subject  with  the  assurance  that 

"  It  would  be  agreeable  to  have  occasion  to  speak  more  favour 
ably  than  we  have  been  able  conscientiously  to  do  of  the  writings 
of  a  man  of  such  industry  and  talent  as  Mr.  Hildreth  undoubt 
edly  possesses." — p.  551,  ubi  supra. 

"In  this  instance  we  encounter  the  muse  of  American  history 
descended  from  her  stump,  and  recounting  her  narrative  in  a  key 
adapted  to  our  own  ears.  For  the  first  time,  we  believe,  we  have 
here  the  story  of  the  founders  of  our  New  England  colonies  r* 


HIL 


HIL 


corded  in  an  ample  and  explicit  manner,  with  a  consistent  care  to 
exclude  errors  and  exaggerations.  .  .  .  Animated  by  this  spirit, 
Mr.  Hildreth  has  availed  himself,  though  hardly  to  the  utmost, 
of  his  peculiar  resources." — The  FatJiers  of  New  England :  Edin. 
Rev.,  Oct.  1855. 

"  We  are  confident  that,  when  the  merits  of  this  history  come  to 
he  known  and  appreciated,  it  will  be  extensively  regarded  as  de 
cidedly  superior  to  any  thing  that  before  existed  on  American 
history,  and  as  a  valuable  contribution  to  American  authorship." 
—Bibliothtca  Sacra. 

"  His  work  fills  a  want,  and  is  therefore  most  welcome.  Its 
positive  merits,  in  addition  to  those  we  have  before  mentioned, 
are  impartiality,  steadiness  of  view,  clear  appreciation  of  character, 
and,  in  point  of  style,  a  terseness  and  conciseness  not  unlike 
Tacitus;  with  not  a  little,  too,  of  Tacitean  vigour  of  thought, 
stern  sense  of  justice,  sharp  irony,  and  profound  wisdom." — 
Methodist  Quar.  Rev. 

"  Mr.  Hildreth  is  a  bold  and  copious  writer.  His  work  is  valuable 
for  the  immense  amount  of  material  it  embodies." — De  Bow's  Re 
view  of  the  Southern  States. 

"The  special  merit  of  his  work  consists  in  the  absence  of  what 
ever  can  possibly  be  deemed  either  irrelevant  or  ostentatious." — 
H.  T.  TUCKERMAN  :  Sketch  of  Amer.  Lit. 

See  also  Lon.  Literary  Gazette ;  Lon.  Atlas ;  Christian 
Register;  N.  York  Church  Review;  N.  York  Home  Jour 
nal;  Oakley's  ed.  of  Kent's  Course  of  English  Reading; 
Living  Age,  xxiii.  365-366;  xxix.  111-115;  xxxi.  134- 
136 ;  Revue  des  Deux  Mondes,  April  1, 1856 ;  Edin.  Rev., 
Oct.  1855.  8.  Theory  of  Politics :  an  Inquiry  into  the 
Foundation  of  Governments  and  the  Cause  and  Progress 
of  Political  Revolutions,  1853,  12mo. 

"  In  this  new  work  we  notice  the  same  calm  and  equal  march 
of  reason  as  in  the  History  of  America.  Mr.  Hildreth  is  never 
startling,  never  brilliant.  His  thought  is  like  his  style;  solid, 
level,  monotonous.  It  neither  warms  by  its  vividness  nor  startles 
by  its  boldness.  It  is  pre-eminently  respectable.  As  to  ideas, 
there  5s  little  in  this  volume  that  can  be  called  new.  Mr.  Hildreth 
is  a  republican,  with  a  tendency,  the  full  strength  of  which  he 
unconsciously  disguises  from  himself,  towards  Socialism." — Lon. 
Athenaeum,  1853,  p.  1354. 

9.  Japan  as  it  Was  and  Is,  1855,  12mo. 

"  Mr.  Hildreth  has,  with  diligence  and  spirit,  given  a  digested 
history  of  the  empire. — so  far  as  is  made  known  by  different  tra 
vellers  and  many  native  works, — and  a  very  careful  sketch  of  all 
the  leading  European  works  on  Japan  to  the  present  time.  His 
book  is  a  valuable  compendium  of  the  knowledge  the  European 
world  had  of  the  country  before  Captain  Perry's  expedition,  and 
he  has  investigated  with  great  care  some  of  the  most  curious  ques 
tions  of  its  history,  literature,  and  manners." — N.  Amer.  Rev.,  July, 
1856 :  Art.  on  The  American  Expedition  to  Japan,  q.  v. 

And  see  HAWKS,  FRANCIS  LISTER,  D.D.,  LL.D.,  No.  9, 
in  this  Dictionary. 

"Mr.  Hildreth's  is  a  compilation,  somewhat  roughly  executed, 
from  the  successive  accounts  of  Japan  by  European  and  American 
writers.  It  is  scarcely  in  any  sense  original,  nor  is  it  very  sys 
tematic;  but  it  may  find  acceptance  as  a  manual  of  information 
on  a  subject  of  rising  influence  to  both  worlds.  . .  .  Mr.  Hildreth's 
historical  sketch,  though  always  readable,  is  disconnected  and 
incomplete." — Lon.  Athenceum,  1856,  pp.  835-836. 

10.  Atrocious  Judges  :  Lives  of  Judges  Infamous  as  Tools 
of  Tyrants  and  Instruments  of  Oppression,  1856,  12mo. 
This  is  a  selection  from  Lord  Campbell's  Lives  of  the 
Chief-Justices  and  Lives  of  the  Chancellors,  with  an  Appen. 

We  hope  at  no  distant  day  to  welcome  the  remaining 
volumes  of  Mr.  Hildreth's  History  of  the  United  States ; 
for,  whatever  faults  the  critic  may  discover  in  the  histo 
rian's  style,  of  the  value  of  his  elaborate  array  of  facts 
there  can  be  no  question.  If,  as  alleged,  the  faithful 
chronicler  lack  that  philosophical  insight  which  is  requi 
site  to  give  their  proper  value  to  the  fruits  of  laborious 
researches,  yet  he  has  undoubtedly  facilitated  the  ex'ecu- 
tion  of  the  duties  of  those  who  succeed  him  : — for,  if 
"Felix  qui  potuit  rerum  cognoscere  causas"  be  a  true 
saying,  it  is  as  little  to  be  denied  that  " Rerum  ipsarum 
cognitio  vera,  e  rebus  ipsiis  est." 

Hildreth,  Samuel  Prescott,  M.D.,  b.  Sept.  30, 
1783,  at  Methuen,  Mass.,  settled  in  Ohio,  1806.  His  most 
important  works  are — 1.  Pioneer  Hist,  of  the  Ohio  Valley, 
Cin.,  1848,  pp.  525.  2.  .Biographical  and  Historical  Me 
moirs  of  the  early  Pioneer  Settlers  of  Ohio,  Ac.,  1852, 
8vo,  pp.  539.  For  upwards  of  forty  years  Dr.  Hildreth 
Las  been  a  constant  contributor  to  various  scientific  and 
medical  journals  throughout  the  United  States. 

Hildreth,  W.  The  Niliad;  an  Epic  Poem  in  honour 
of  Nelson's  Victory,  1st  of  August,  1798. 

Hildrop,  John,  D.D.,  d.  1756,  aged  31,  Rector  of 
Wath,  near  Rippon,  Yorkshire,  pub.  a  number  of  serms., 
theolog.  treatises,  Ac.,  1711-52.  His  Miscellaneous  Works 
appeared  in  1754,  2  vols.  12mo.  The  style  of  some  of  his 
pieces  so  strongly  resembles  Swift  that  they  were  ascribed 
to  the  latter. 

"  The  reader  may  derive  much  pleasure  and  information  from 
the  perusal  of  this  author's  Free  Thoughts  upon  tho  Brute  Crea 
tion."— REV.  H.  J.  TODD. 

See  Lon.  Gent  Mag.,  1834,  Pt.  2,  114. 


Hildyard,  Francis,  of  the  Inner  Temple,  Barrister- 
at-Law.  1.  Treatise  on  the  Principles  of  the  Law  of  Ma 
rine  Insurances,  Lon.,  1845,  8vo;  Harrisburg,  1847,  8vo. 

"  The  style  is  clear,  correct,  and  concise,  and  the  law  is  brought 
down  to  the  present  day  with  remarkable  accuracy  and  fulness." 
— Penna.  Law  Jour. 

2.  Eighth  ed.  of  J.  A.  Park's  System  of  Marine  Insu 
rance,  with  addits.,  1842,  2  vols.  8vo. 

Hildyard,  Rev.  Wm.  Manual  of  Ancient  Geo 
graphy,  3d  ed.,  1846,  fp.  8vo. 

Hiley,  Richard,  has  pub.  a  number  of  useful  edu 
cational  works,  1846-54,  Ac.  See  Lon.  Educat.  Times. 

Hill.  Nundinse  Sturbrigiensis,  anno  1702,  Lon.,  1709, 
8vo. 

Hill,  a  clergyman  who  exchanged  the  Ch.  of  Eng.  for 
that  of  Rome,  wrote  two  theolog.  treatises,  pub.  1600-77. 

Hill,  Miss.     Novels,  Lon.,  1809-13. 

Hill,  Aaron,  1685-1750,  an  English  poet,  dramatist, 
and  miscellaneous  writer,  a  native  of  London,  is  better 
known  to  the  present  age  from  his  quarrels  with  Pope 
than  by  his  literary  compositions.  Among  other  works, 
he  pub. — 1.  A  History  of  the  Ottoman  Empire,  1709,  fol. 
2.  Elfrid;  a  Trag.,  1709.  3.  Camillus;  a  Poem,  1709. 
4,  5.  Essays  on  Beech  Oil,  1714-15,  8vo.  6.  Essays  on 
Coals  and  Grape-Wines,  1718,  8vo.  7.  King  Henry  the 
Fifth  ;  a  Trag.,  1723,  8vo.  8.  The  Northern  Star ;  a  Poem, 
1725,  8vo.  9.  Advice  to  the  Poets,  1731,  4to.  10.  The 
Impartial;  a  Poem.  11.  The  Progress  of  Wit;  a  Caveat 
for  the  use  of  an  Eminent  Writer,  (a  satire  upon  Pope, 
who  had  introduced  Hill,  rather  in  a  complimentary  man 
ner,  in  the  Dunciad.)  12.  Merope ;  a  Trag.  from  Voltaire, 
with  alterations,  1749,  8vo.  His  Miscellaneous  Works — 
a  collection  of  his  best  pieces — were  pub.  in  1753,  4  vols. 
8vo;  and  his  Dramatic  Works,  (seventeen  in  all,)  with  his 
Life,  appeared  in  1759,  2  vols.  8vo.  See  Biog.  Brit.,  Supp., 
vol.  vii. ;  Biog.  Dramat. ;  Gibber's  Lives ;  Johnson's  and 
Pope's  Works;  Davies's  Life  of  Garrick;  Richardson's 
Corresp. ;  Ruff  head's  Life  of  Pope ;  Disraeli's  Quarrels  of 
Authors. 

We  should  not  omit  to  state  that  our  poet  was — as  the 
title  of  some  of  his  works  indicate — a  dabbler  in  political 
economy  and  an  extensive  projector,  and,  like  many 
other  projectors  of  ancient  times  and  our  own  days,  dis 
played  more  enterprise  than  judgment. 

The  acuteness  of  his  critical  abilities  may  be  estimated 
from  his  verdict  on  Pope's  poetry.  He  gravely  assures  us 
that  the  popularity  of  the  author  of  the  Rape  of  the  Lock 

"  Arose  from  meditated  little  personal  assiduities,  and  a  certain 
bladdery  swell  of  management." 

And  he  then  gives  utterance  to  this  sagacious  vaticina 
tion  : 

"  But  rest  his  memory  in  peace !  It  will  very  rarely  be  disturbed 
by  that  time  he  himself  is  in  ashes." — Letter  to  Richardson,  in 
Richardson's  Correspondence. 

But  posterity  have  ventured  to  differ  with  Mr.  Hill. 
Pope  certainly  was  not  wont  to  display  much  of  a  spirit 
of  meekness  in  his  literary  controversies ;  but  in  his  mis 
understanding  with  Hill  the  latter  appears  the  least 
amio.ble.  His  general  character,  however,  was  exemplary, 
and  his  manners  mild  and  conciliating ;  but  it  is  danger 
ous  to  tempt  the  amour-propre  of  an  author,  however  his 
suaviter  in  modo  may  prevail  in  the  family  circle  and 
social  reunion. 

Pope's  poetical  offence  was  comprised  in  the  following 
lines  from  the  Dunciad,  and  they  have  been  truly  consi 
dered  quite  as  complimentary  as  the  reverse.  Our  author 
is  introduced  as  one  of  the  competitors  for  the  prize  of 
Dulness  : 

"Then  Hill  essay' d :  scarce  vanished  out  of  sight, 
He  buoys  up  instant,  and  returns  to  light ; 
He  bears  no  token  of  the  sable  streams, 
And  mounts  far  off,  among  the  swans  of  Thames." 

The  satire  here  is  indeed  very  slight;  but,  slight  as  it 
was,  it  was  sufficient  to  disturb  the  equanimity  of  Master 
Hill. 

Hill,  Abraham,  1632-1721,  a  learned  man,  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Board  of  Trade,  and  Fellow  and  Treasurer  of 
the  Royal  Society.  Familiar  Letters  which  passed  be 
tween  him  and  several  eminent  and  ingenious  persons  of 
the  last  century,  Lon.,  1767,  8vo.  See  his  Life  prefixed 
to  the  Familiar  Letters. 

Hill,  Adam,  D.D.    Serms.,  Ac.,  Lon.,  1588,  '92,  '93. 

Hill,  Alexander.  The  Practice  in  the  several  Judi- 
catories  of  the  Ch.  of  Scot.,  Edin.,  1830,  12mo. 

Hill,  Mrs.  Anne,  formerly  of  Baltimore,  but  more 
recently  connected  with  the  School  of  Design  at  Phila 
delphia,  perished  in  the  conflagration  of  the  steamboat 
Henry  Clay  on  the  Hudson  River,  July  28, 1852.  1.  Draw 
ing-Book  of  Flowers  and  Fruit,  with  col'd  Illustrations, 


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Phila,,  4to.  2.  Progressive  Lessons  in  the  Painting  of 
Flowers  and  Fruit :  a  series  of  six  sheets. 

Hill,  Anthony.     Serms.,  1702,  both  4to. 

Hill,  Arthur.    See  HALL. 

Hill,  Brian,  d.  1831,  aged  75,  Chaplain  to  the  Earl 
of  Leven  and  Melville,  was  brother  of  the  celebrated 
Rowland  Hill,  (vide  post.)  1.  Serm.,  Lon.,  1780,  8vo. 

2.  Henry  and  Acasto;  a  Moral  Poetical  Tale,  1786,  12mo; 
4th  ed.,  1798,  8vo.    3.  Journey  through  Sicily  and  Calabria 
in  1791,  8vo ;  1792.    4.  Funl.  Serm.,  1803,  8vo.    5.  XXIV. 
Serms.,  Shrewsb.,  1822,  8vo.     6.  Serm.,  Lon.,  1826.     See 
Lon.  Gent.  Mag.,  Aug.  1831.  . 

Hill,  Major  D.  H.,  Professor  of  Mathematics  in 
Davidson  College,  North  Carolina.  1.  Algebra,  Phila., 
12mo.  2.  A  Consideration  of  the  Sermon  on  the  Mount, 
1858/12mo. 

Hill,  Daniel,  M.D.  1.  Use  of  Oxygen  in  Diseases, 
Ac.,  Lon.,  1800, 4to.  2.  Oxygen,  Ac. ;  Trans.  Hortic.  Soc., 

Hill,  Elizabeth.  Sequel  to  the  Poetical  Monitor, 
Lon.,  1811,  12mo. 

Hill,  Frederick.  1.  National  Education:  its  Pre 
sent  State  and  Prospects,  both  at  Home  and  Abroad, 
Lon.,  2  vols.  12mo. 

"  These  volumes  merit  the  attention  of  all  who  feel  an  interest 
in  the  subject.  Mr.  Hill  discusses  the  principles  of  a  national 
system  with  ability." — Lon.  Athen. 

2.  Crime:  its  Amount,  Causes,  and  Remedies,  1853, 
8vo. 

Hill,  G.  D.,  Assistant  Curate  of  Hanover  Chapel, 
Regent  Street,  London.  1.  Practical  Serms.,  Lon.,  1844, 
12mo.  2.  Serms.  on  the  Ten  Commandments,  1845, 12mo. 

3.  Scenes  in  1792;  a  Tale  of  the  Revolution,  1848,  fp.  8vo. 

4.  Short  Serms.  on  the  Lord's  Prayer,  1854,  12mo. 
Hill,  George,  D.D.,  1750-1819,  a  divine  of  the  Kirk 

of  Scotland,  and  Principal  of  St.  Mary's  College,  St.  An 
drews,  was  a  native  of  that  city.  He  succeeded  Dr.  Ro 
bertson  as  the  leader  of  the  General  Assembly,  and 

"  He  was  long  one  of  the  chief  ornaments  of  the  Church  of 
Scotland,  and  was  distinguished  for  his  manly  and  impressive 
eloquence,  both  in  the  pulpit  and  the  general  assembly." — Annual 
Biography,  vol.  v.,  Lon.,  1821,  q.  v. 

And  see  Chambers  and  Thomson's  Biog.  Diet,  of  Emi 
nent  Scotsmen ;  Lord  Cockburn's  Memorials  of  his  Time, 
1856;  Geo.  Cook's  Life  of  Dr.  Hill.  He  pub.  a  number 
of  occasional  serms.,  and  the  following  vols. : — 1.  Serms., 
Lon.,  1796,  8vo.  2.  Theological  Institutes,  Edin.,  1803, 
8vo.  Reviewed  in  British  Critic,  vol.  xxiii.  3.  Lects. 
upon  Portions  of  the  Old  Test.,  Lon.,  1812,  8vo.  4.  A 
View  of  The  Constitution  of  the  Ch.  of  Scot.,  Edin.,  1817, 
8vo.  5.  The  Pastoral  Office.  6.  Lects.  in  Divinity,  1821, 
3  vols.  8vo;  5th  ed.,  1849,  8vo. 

"  Professor  Hill's  lectures  are  admirable,  and  have  been  admitted 
to  the  first  place  among  our  systematic  expositions  of  revealed 
truth."— Congreg.  Mag. 

"  These  lectures  embrace  the  evidences,  doctrines,  duties,  and 
institutions  of  Christianity.  They  are  drawn  up  with  great  care 
and  ability.  .  .  .  The  author's  tenets  were  in  accordance  with  the 
Westminster  Confession  of  Faith."— Dr.  E.  Wittiams's  C.  P. 

"Dr.  Hill  of  St.  Andrews  had  the  faculty  beyond  most  men  of 
comprehensive  and  luminous  arrangement.  We  shall  have  occa 
sion  at  a  posterior  stage  of  our  course  to  avail  ourselves  of  the 
important  service  which  he  has  rendered  to  theology.  ...  I  am  not 
sure  if  I  can  recommend  a  more  complete  manual  of  divinity  than 
the  one  I  have  now  adverted  to.  ...  I  know  of  no  treatise  which 

Srofesses  to  exhibit  the  whole  range  of  theological  doctrine,  and 
oes  it  in  more  of  a  lucidus  ordo  than  the  one  that  we  have  fixed 
upon." — DR.  CHALMERS  :  Posth.  Works,  vol.  ix.  p.  xviii.,  125 ;  Pre 
lections  on  Hill's  Lectures. 

Hill,  George,  an  American  poet,  b.  1796,  at  Guil- 
ford,  Conn.,  graduated  at  Yale  College  in  1816,  and,  after 
a  term  of  public  service  under  the  United  States  Govern 
ment,  entered  the  navy  in  1827  as  a  teacher  of  mathe 
matics.  He  was  subsequently  Librarian  of  the  Depart 
ment  of  State  at  Washington,  and  United  States  Consul 
for  the  southern  portion  of  Asia  Minor.  He  is  now  at- 
tached  to  one  of  the  Bureaus  of  the  Department  of  State 
at  Washington.  Mr.  Hill  pub.  anonymously,  in  1834,  The 
Ruins  of  Athens,  with  other  Poems ;  and  a  second  edit., 
entitled  The  Ruins  of  Athens,  Titania's  Banquet,  a  Masque, 
and  other  Poems,  appeared  in  1839,  8vo,  with  the  author's 
name.  See  Everest's  Poets  of  Connecticut;  Griswold's 
Poets  and  Poetry  of  America. 

Hill,  George  Canning,  b.  1825,  in  Norwich,  Conn. 
The  New  American  Biographical  Series  for  Youth;  contain 
ing  the  Lives  of  Capt.  John  Smith,  Gen.  Israel  Putnam, 
Benedict  Arnold,  Daniel  Boone,  Ac.,  Boston,  1858,  4  vols. 
16mo. 

Hill,  George  Nesse.     Medical  treatises,  1800-14. 

Hill,  Henry?  D.D.    Dialogue  concerning  a  Pamphlet 


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entit.  The  Growth  of  Deism  in  England,  Lon.,  1696,  4to. 
Anon. 

Hill,  Henry.  I.,  VI.,  XL,  and  XII.  Books  of  Euclid, 
1726-36,  4to. 

Hill,  Henry  David,  D.D.,  Prof,  of  Greek  in  the 
Univ.  of  St.  Andrew's.  1.  Essays  on  the  Private  Manners 
and  Domestic  Institutions  of  the  Romans,  12mo.  2.  Es 
says  on  the  Institutions,  Government,  and  Manners  of  the 
States  of  Ancient  Greece,  12mo.  Reviewed  in  Lon.  Quar. 
Rev.,  xxii.  163-203. 

Hill,  Ira,  an  American  writer.  Abstract  of  a  New 
Theory  of  a  Formation  of  the  Earth,  Bait.,  1823,  12mo. 

"  Absurd  as  it  is  on  some  accounts,  however,  it  is  on  others  an 
essay  of  singular  merit:'— American  Writers,  No.  4 :  Elackwootft 
Mag.,  xvii.  57  :  and  see  vol.  xvi.  420. 
Hill,  James.  Medical  treatises,  1772-76. 
Hill,  James,  of  the  Inner  Temple,  Barrister-at-Law. 
A  Practical  Treatise  on  the  Law  relating  to  Trustees, 
Lon.,  1845,  r.  8vo.  Amer.  ed.,  with  American  Notes  and 
References  by  Francis  J.  Troubat,  of  the  Phila.  Bar,  Phila., 
1846,  8vo ;  2d  Amer.  ed.,  with  addit.  notes,  referring  to 
American  Cases,  by  Henry  Whartou,  of  the  Phila.  Bar, 
1854,  8vo.  This  excellent  work  furnished  the  basis  of 
various  parts  of  Mr.  Spencer's  unfinished  work  on  Equity 
Jurisprudence. 

"  On  examination  of  the  sheets,  it  appears  that  the  work  has 
been  enlarged  by  nearly  one-half  in  bulk  by  the  new  matter  of 
this  edition;  and  that  the  table  of  cases  shows  an  addition  of 
more  than  three  thousand  decisions  in  England  and  the  United 
States.  The  authorities,  we  believe,  have  been  brought  down  to 
the  latest  moment." — Amer.  Law  Register,  Dec.  1853. 

Hill,  John,  Rector  of  St.  Mabyn,  Cornwall.  Four 
occas.  serms.,  1610,  '14,  '80,  '93. 

Hill,  John.  1.  The  Exact  Dealer,  for  all  Trades, 
Lon.,  1698,  1702,  12mo.  2.  Arithmetic,  1716,  8vo.  By 
Hatton,  1733,  8vo. 

Hill,  John,  1711-1746,  an  Independent  minister  of 
London,  a  native  of  Hitchin.  Serms.  on  several  occasions, 
Lon.,  1749,  '64,  '95,  1817,  8vo.  Nine  or  more  eds.  have 
appeared.  The  five  serms.  on  2  Kings  iv.  26,  entitled 
Faith's  Estimate  of  Afflictive  Dispensations,  have  been 
pub.  separately  ("  It  is  well,"  Ac.)  by  the  London  Reli 
gious  Tract  Society,  1853,  32mo.  Hill's  discourses  are 
highly  valued. 

"Some  admirable  sermons,  especially  on  affliction."— Bicker- 
steth's  C.  S. 

Hill,  Sir  John,  M.D.,  1716-1775,  originally  an  apo 
thecary,  the  son  of  Rev.  Theophilus  Hill,  of  Peterborough 
or  Spalding,  resided  in  London,  and  wrote  many  books  on 
medicine,  botany,  natural  philosophy,  natural  history,  and 
a  number  of  dramas,  novels,  &c.  A  detailed  account  of 
these  many  publications  would  be  of  but  small  interest  to 
the  modern  reader,  who  knows  but  little  of  Sir  John  save 
his  name,  and  this  principally  through  his  quarrels  with 
the  Royal  Society,  and  with  Garrick.  He  was  a  man  of 
remarkable  versatility  of  talent,  but  his  moral  character 
cannot  be  commended.  Among  his  publications  are — 
1.  Orpheus ;  an  Opera,  1740.  2.  Theophrastus's  Hist,  of 
Stones ;  from  the  Greek,  with  Notes,  1746,  '74,  8vo.  3.  A 
Dissert,  on  Royal  Societies.  -  4.  Review  of  the  Works  of 
the  Royal  Society  of  London,  Lon.,  1751,  8vo,  4to : 

"In  which,  by  the  most  unfair  quotations,  mutilations,  and 
misrepresentations,  numbers  of  the  papers  read  in  that  illustrious 
assembly,  and  published  under  the  title  of  the  Philosophical 
Transactions,  are  endeavoured  to  be  rendered  ridiculous." — Life 
of  Hill:  Chalmers's  Biog.  Diet. 

5.  Essays  on  Natural  History  and  Philosophy,  1752, 
8vo.  Considered  the  best  of  his  writings.  6.  A  General 
Natural  History,  1748-52,  3  vols.  fol.  7.  Urania ;  or,  a 
Complete  View  of  the  Heavens,  1754,  8vo.  8.  The  Critical 
Minute;  a  Farce,  1754.  9.  The  Route;  a  Farce,  1754. 
10.  The  Gardener's  New  Kalendar,  1757,  '58,  8vo.  11. 
Eden;  or,  a  Complete  Body  of  Gardening,  1757,  fol. 
12.  The  Sleep  of  Plants,  1757,  '62, 12mo.  13.  Naval  Hist, 
of  Great  Britain,  compiled  from  the  papers  of  the  late 
Capt.  Geo.  Berkeley,  1757,  fol.  14.  British  Herbal,  1758, 
fol.  15.  Construction  of  Nerves,  1758,  8vo.  16.  An  Idea 
of  a  Botanical  Garden  in  England,  1758,  8vo.  17.  Exotic 
Botany,  1759,  fol.  18.  The  Vegetable  System,  1759-76, 
26  vols.  fol.  Contains  1600  engravings.  Pub.  at  38 
guineas,  plain ;  160  guineas,  coloured.  Pub.  under  the 
patronage  of  the  Earl  of  Bute.  Hill  presented  a  copy  to 
the  King  of  Sweden,  who  invested  him  with  the  order  of 
the  Polar  Star,  or  Vasa.  Henceforth  he  assumed  the  title 
of  Sir  John.  19.  Flora  Britannica,  1760,  8vo.  20.  Family 
Practice  of  Physic,  1769,  8vo.  21.  Hist,  of  Mr.  Lovell  j 
a  Novel.  This  is  a  pretended  autobiography.  22.  Ad 
ventures  of  a  Creole.  23.  The  Life  of  Lady  Frail ;  a  Novel. 
He  was  also  joint-editor  (with  George  Lewis  Scott)  of  a 
Supplement  to  Chambers's  Dictionary,  and  was  connected 


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with  the  British  Magazine,  The  Inspector,  Ac.  See  Short 
Account  of  the  Life,  Writings,  and  Character  of  the  late 
Sir  John  Hill,  Edin.,  1779,  8vo;  Biog.  Dramat. ;  Gent. 
Mag.;  Davies's  Life  of  Garrick ;  Billy's  Repository  ;  Dis 
raeli's  Quarrels  of  Authors;  Boswell's  Life  of  Johnson;  1 
Chalmers's  Biog.  Diet. ;  Donaldson's  Agricult.  Biog. 

"As  to  his  literary  character,  and  the  rank  of  merit  in  which 
his  writings  ought  to  stand,  Hill's  greatest  enemies  could  not 
deny  that  he  was  master  of  considerable  abilities  and  an  amazing 

quickness  of  parts A  large  volume  might  be  written  on  the 

life  and  adventures  of  this  extraordinary  man,  as  affording  a  com 
plete  history  of  literary  quackery,  every  branch  of  which  he  pur 
sued  with  a  greater  contempt  for  character  than  perhaps  any  man 
in  our  time."— Life  of  Hill,  in  Chalmers's  Biog.  Diet. 

"  Dr.  Hill  was  a  very  curious  observer ;  and,  if  he  would  have 
been  contented  to  tell  the  world  no  more  than  he  knew,  he  might 
have  been  a  very  considerable  man,  and  needed  not  to  have  re 
course  to  such  mean  expedients  to  raise  bis  reputation."— DR. 
JOHNSON:  Conversation  with  George  III.:  see  Boswell. 

Hill,  Hon.  Lady  John,  wife  of  Sir  John  Hill.  Her 
Address  to  the  Public,  setting  forth  the  Consequences  of 
the  late  Sir  John  Hill's  Acquaintance  with  the  Earl  of 
Bute,  Lon.,  1788,  4to. 

Hill,  John.  Lects.  and  Reflections  on  Divinity,  Law, 
Philos.,  &c.,  and  a  Poem,  Lon.,  1792,  8vo. 

Hill,  John,  M.D.,  d.  1807,  aged  47.  The  Means  of 
Reforming  the  Morals  of  the  Poor  by  Preventing  Poverty, 
1801,  8vo. 

Hill,  John,  LL.D.,  Prof,  of  the  Humanities  in  the  Univ. 
of  Edin.  1.  Synonymes  of  the  Latin  Language,  &c., 
Edin.,  1804,  4to. 

"  An  elaborate  work." — TYTLER. 

"  The  variety  of  curious  and  important  information  which  this 
contains  must  render  it  a  valuable  acquisition  to  every  lover  of 
ancient  learning." — Lon.  Literary  Journal. 

2.  Vocabulary,  1804,  12mo.  An  Introduction  to  the 
Study  of  Latin  Synonymes.  3.  Life  of  Hugh  Blair,  1807, 
8vo.  4.  Hist,  and  phil.  con.  to  Trans.  Edin.  Soc.,  1788,  '94. 

Hill,  John.  1.  Reflections  rel.  to  the  Proceedings, 
Ac.  respecting  R.  Catholics,  1807,  8vo.  2.  High  Prices  of 
Gold  Bullion,  1810,  8vo. 

Hill,  Joseph,  1625-1707,  minister  of  the  English 
church  at  Middleburg,  in  Zealand,  and  subsequently  pastor 
of  the  English  church  at  R-otterdam.  1.  Defence  of  the 
Zealander's  Choice.  2.  An  ed.  of  Schrevelius's  Lexicon, 
1676.  Often  reprinted.  He  added  8000  words  and  cor 
rected  many  errors.  3.  On  the  Antiq.  of  Temples,  1696, 4to. 

Hill,  N.     Serms.,  1773,  79,  '95. 

Hill,  Nathaniel.  The  Ancient  Poem  of  Guillaume 
de  Guileville,  entitled  Le  Pelerinage  de  1'Hbmme,  compared 
with  the  Pilgrim's  Progress  of  John  Bunyan.  Edited  from 
Notes  collected  by  the  late  Mr.  Nathaniel  Hill,  of  the  Roy. 
Soc.  of  Lit.,  Lon.,  1858.  See  Lon.  Athen.,  1858,  Pt.  2,  261. 

Hill,  Nicholas.  Philosophia  Epicurea  Democratiana 
Theophrastica,  Par.,  1601,  8vo;  Gen.,  1619, 12mo;  Col.  All., 
1619,  8vo. 

Hill,  Nicholas,  Jr.  New  York  Reports,  1841-44, 
Albany  and  N.  York,  1842-45,  1  vols.  8vo.  Continuation 
of  Johnson,  Cowen,  and  Wendell. 

Hill,  Noah,  1739-1815,  Pastor  of  the  Meeting-House, 
Old  Gravel  Lane,  London,  (Independent,)  for  thirty-seven 
years  from  1771.  Serms.,  with  a  Pref.,  and  a  Serm.  on  his 
Death,  by  J.  Hooper,  Lon.,  1822,  8vo.  Commended  by 
Lon.  Congreg.  Mag. 

Hill,  Oliver.  1.  Fifth  Essay  against  the  Circ.  of  the 
Blood,  Lon.,  1700,  8vo.  2.  A  Rod  for  the  Back  of  Fools, 
1702,  8vo. 

Hill,  Rev.  Pascoe  Grenfell,  Chaplain  of  H.  M.  S. 
Cleopatra.  1.  Voyage  to  the  Slave  Coast  of  Africa,  Lon., 
1849,  12mo.  2.  Fifty  Days  on  Board  a  Slave  Vessel  in 
the  Mozambique  Channel,  1844,  '49,  fp.  8vo;  1853,  12mo. 

"  We  shall  be  rejoiced  if  the  publicity  given  to  this  little  but 
intelligent  work  by  our  means  assist  in  drawing  the  attention  of 
the  influential  classes  to  the  subject." — SlackwoocTs  Mag. 

Hill,  R.  The  Gospel-Shop ;  a  Comedy,  Lon.,  1778, 8vo. 

Hill,  R.,  Pastor,  Gettysburg,  Penna.  Discourse  at  the 
laying  of  the  corner  stone  of  Gateway  and  Lodges  of 
Evergreen  Cemetery,  Gettysburg,  1855,  pp.  12. 

Hill,  Richard,  Envoy  to  the  Court  of  Savoy  in  the 
Reign  of  Queen  Anne.  His  Diplomatic  Correspondence, 
Lon.,  1845,  2  vols.  8vo.  Edited  by  W.  Blackley.  This 
work  contains  curious  particulars  relating  to  the  Vaudois, 
the  wars  in  the  Cevennes,  the  Spanish  Succession,  with 
letters  of  foreigners  and  translations  of  them. 

"  A  supplement  to  the  Marlborough  Despatches,  and  a  needful 
explanation  of  them." — Lon.  Examiner. 

Hill,  Sir  Richard,  1733-1808,  M.P.  for  Salop,  a  son 
of  Sir  Rowland  Hill,  Bart.,  a  brother  of  the  celebrated 
preacher,  Rowland  Hill,  and  uncle  of  General  Lord  Hill, 
Commander-in-chief  R.N.,  was  much  attached  to  the 


HIL 

doctrines  of  the  Calvinist  Methodists,  and  sometimes 
preached  in  their  chapels.  He  pub.  several  theolog.  trea 
tises,  1775-1805,  of  which  the  best-known  is  An  Apology 
for  Brotherly  Love,  and  for  the  Doctrines  of  the  Church 
of  England,  Lon.,  1798,  8vo.  This  is  an  answer  to  Dau- 
beny's  Guide  to  the  Church.  In  1800  he  pub.  Daubenism 
Confuted,  Ac.,  8vo.  See  Rev.  Edwin  Sidney's  Life  of  Sir 
Richard  Hill,  1839,  8vo. 

"  A  better  man  than  Sir  Richard  Hill  I  do  not  know  within  the 
circle  of  human  nature." — LORD  KEN  YON. 

"  Sir  Richard's  life  was  a  pattern  of  modesty,  piety,  and  good 
ness." — LORD  ERSKINE. 

"  He  was  of  a  large  and  great  soul,  comprehensive  of  the  inte 
rests  of  God,  the  world,  the  church,  his  country,  his  friends,  (with 
a  peculiar  concernedness,)  of  the  souls  of  men,  ready  to  his  utter 
most  to  serve  them  all ;  made  up  of  compassion  towards  the  dis 
tressed,  of  delight  in  the  good,  and  general  benignity  towards  all 
men." — HOWE. 

See  Eclec.  Rev.,  4th  Ser.,  vii.  58. 

Hill,  Robert,  D.D.    Theolog.  treatises,  1592,  1617. 

Hill,  Robert.     Six  Serms.,  1728-30,  2  vols.  8vo. 

Hill,  Robert,  1699-1777,  a  self-taught  tailor  and 
staymaker,  a  native  of  Hertfordshire,  remarkable  for  his 
knowledge  of  languages.  1.  Remarks  on  Berkeley's  Essay 
on  Spirit.  2.  The  Character  of  a  Jew.  3.  Criticisms  on 
Job.  The  Rev.  Joseph  Spence  took  a  lively  interest  in 
Hill,  and  promoted  a  subscription  for  his  benefit  by  pub 
lishing  a  Parallel,  in  the  manner  of  Plutarch,  between  a 
most  celebrated  Man  of  Florence  (Sig.  Magliabecchi)  and 
one  scarcely  known  in  England,  (Robert  Hill,)  Strawberry 
Hill,  1758.  To  this  vol.  we  must  refer  the  reader  who 
desires  to  know  more  of  the  learned  tailor. 

Hill,  Robert.  Sketches  in  Flanders  and  Holland, 
Lon.,  1816,  4to,  £5  5«.  A  valuable  aid  when  reading  the 
account  of  the  Battle  of  Waterloo,  as  it  contains  engrav 
ings  of  the  principal  points  of  the  field. 

Hill,  Rowland,  1744-1833,  an  eminent  preacher 
attached  to  the  doctrines  of  the  Calvinist  Methodists,  a 
brother  of  Sir  Richard  Hill,  (ante,)  was  educated  at  St. 
John's  College,  Cambridge,  and  ordained  deacon  in  the 
Church  of  England.  In  1783  he  built  Surrey  Chapel, 
London,  and  preached  there  during  the  winter  seasons, 
acting  as  an  itinerant  preacher  during  the  summer  months 
until  his  death, — a  period  of  fifty  years.  He  pub.  a  num 
ber  of  serms.,  theological  treatises,  <fec.,  of  which  the  best- 
known  is  the  work  entitled  Village  Dialogues,  of  which 
the  34th  ed.  was  pub.  in  1839.  He  was  a  man  of  great 
benevolence,  profound  piety,  and  indefatigable  zeal.  See 
his  Life,  by  the  Rev.  W.  Jones,  with  a  Pref.  by  Rev.  James 
Sherman,  Mr.  Hill's  successor  in  Surrey  Chapel;  2d  ed., 
1840, 12mo;  again,  1845  ;  his  Life,  by  Rev.  Edwin  Sidney, 
4th  ed.,  1844,  fp.  8vo;  Select  Notes  of  his  Preaching,  by 
Sidney,  12mo ;  Memorial  of  him,  by  Rev.  James  Sher 
man,  1851,  18mo;  Jamieson's  Cyc.  of  Religious  Biogra 
phy;  Metropolitan  Pulpit;  Lon.  Gent.  Mag.,  June,  1833; 
Phila.  Museum,  xlvi.  410;  New  Haven  Month.  Chris. 
Spec.,  x.  516. 

Sheridan  used  to  say, 

"  I  go  to  hear  Rowland  Hill  because  his  ideas  come  red-hot  from 
the  heart." 

Dr.  Milner,  the  Dean  of  Carlisle,  was  so  much  affected 
by  hearing  one  of  his  sermons,  that  he  went  to  him  in  the 
vestry,  and  said, 

"  Mr.  Hill,  Mr.  Hill,  I  felt  to-day  'tis  this  slap-dash  preaching, 
say  what  they  will,  that  does  all  the  good." 

Robert  Southey  gives  an  interesting  account  of  a  ser 
mon  he  heard  Hill  deliver  in  1823,  two  years  before  the 
preacher's  death : 

"  His  manner  was  animated  and  striking,  sometimes  impressive 
and  dignified,  always  remarkable ;  and  so  powerful  a  voice  I  have 
rarely  or  never  heard.  .  . .  The  purport  of  his  sermon  was  good ; 
nothing  fanatical,  nothing  enthusiastic;  and  the  Calvinism  which 
it  expressed  was  so  qualified  as  to  be  harmless;  ...  the  manner 
that  of  a  performer  as  great  in  his  line  as  Kent  or  Kemble."— 
Letter  to  Mrs.  Southey :  Southey's  Life  and  Correspondence. 

Let  us  quote  the  testimony  of  a  witness  even  more  dis 
tinguished  than  Rowland  Hill  himself: 

"  No  man  has  ever  drawn,  since  the  days  of  the  Saviour,  such 
sublime  images  from  Nature :  here  Mr.  Hill  excels  every  other 
man!  .  .  .  Whatever  a  misjudging  world  may  say,  such  men  as 
these  will  '  shine  as  the  brightness  of  the  firmament,  and  as  the 
stars  forever.'  May  my  soul,  though  at  a  humble  distance,  be 
admitted  among  them!"— ROBERT  HALL. 

Hill,  Rowland,  Secretary  to  the  London  Post-Office, 
has  become  widely-known  as  the  author  of  the  system  of 
Penny  Postage  commenced  1839-40.  Post-Office  Reform  : 
its  Importance  and  Practicability,  Lon.,  1837,  8vo. 

"  This  pamphlet  is  important  from  its  having  paved  the  way  for 
the  introduction  of  the  new  system  of  penny  postage. .  .  .  The 
measure  has  led  to  the  sacrifice  of  above  1,000,000?.  a  year  of  nett 
revenue." — McCulloch's  Lit.  of  Polit.  Econ.,  339,  q.  v. 

And  see  also  Eclec.  Rev.,  4th  Ser.,  xv.  459. 


HIL 

Mr.  McCulloch  thinks  that  the  reduction  was  too  great ; 
and  he  is  certainly  correct. 

Hill,  S.  S.     1.  Short   Account  of  Prince   Edward's 
Island,  Lon.,  12mo.     2.  Emigrant's  Introduc.  to  an  Ac 
quaintance  with  the  British  American  Colonies,  1837, 12mo. 
"The  volume  contains  a  fund  of  useful  information." — Lon. 
Literary  Gazette,  Aug.  1837. 

See  also  Lon.  Month.  Rev.,  Aug.  1837;  Metrop.  Mag., 
Sept.  1837. 

3.  The  Tiara  and  the  Turhan,  1845,  2  vols.  p.  8vo. 
Hill,  Samuel,  Rector  of  Killington,  and  Archdeacon, 
Ac.  of  Wells,  pub.  several  theolog.  controversial  treatises, 
1687-1708. 

Hill,  Samuel.    Vaccination,  Portsea,  1804,  8vo. 
Hill,  Samuel.     Clark's  New  Law  List  to  1805, 1817. 
Hill,  The.     Stoic  Philosophy,  or  the  Praise  of  Po 
verty;  a  Poem,  Lon.,  1720,  8vo. 

liill,  Ilyll,  orHylle,  Thomas,  a  "  Londoner,"  pub. 
A  Briefe  Treatise  of  Gardeninge,  Lon.,  1563,  16mo,  (fre 
quently  reprinted;)  The  Ordering  of  Bees,  1574,  Ac.;  The 
Schoole  of  Skil,  an  astronom.  work,  1599,  4to;  several 
almanacs;  and  some  works  on  arithmetic,  astronomy, 
physiognomy,  <fcc.,  for  an  account  of  which  see  Watt's 
Bibl.  Brit. ;  Donaldson's  Agricult.  Biog. 

"  HylPs  two  "books  seem  to  be  the  first  that  were  written  on 
gardening  and  bees." — Donaldson's  Agricult.  Biog. 
Hill,  Thomas.     Legerdemain,  Lon.,  12mo. 
Hill,  Thomas.     Serms.,  1642,  '43,  '44,  '45. 
Hill,  Thomas.     On  Wm.  Parry's  Moral  Evil,  1809. 
Hill,  Thomas,  Archdeacon  of  Derby.     Letters  and 
Memoir  of  the  late  Walter  Augustus  Shirley,  D.D.,  Lord- 
Bishop  of  Sodor  and  Man.  Edited  by  T.  H.,  Lon.,  1849,  8vo. 
"  A  solid  and  interesting  volume,  containing,  in  addition  to  the 
biography,  various  intelligent  remarks  on  public  affairs  and  theo 
logical  questions,  with  a  good  many  descriptive  sketches  of  scenery 
and  of  mankind,  at  home  and  abroad." — Lon.  Spectator. 

"  It  is  a  volume  which  we  have  read  with  the  deepest  interest 
and  closed  with  the  highest  feelings  of  its  importance." — Lon. 
Gentleman's  Magazine. 

Hill,  Thomas,  b.  at  New  Brunswick,  N.J.,  1818; 
grad.  at  Harvard  Coll.,  1843 ;  settled  at  Waltham,  Mass., 
1845.  1.  Poems,  Cambridge,  1843,  2*4mo.  2.  Arithmetic, 
Bost,  1845.  3.  Geometry  and  Faith,  N.Y.,  1849.  4.  Curva 
ture,  1850,  8vo.  5.  Geometry,  1855.  6.  Liberal  Education, 
1858  :  see  N.  Amer.  Rev.,  Oct.  1858.  Contributed  to  astro 
nomical  and  religious  periodicals.  Edited  Whately's  Evi 
dences  of  Christianity,  and  The  Stars  and  the  Earth. 

Hill,   Thomas   Ford,  d.  1795.    1.  Ancient  Erse 

Poems,  1784,  8vo.     2.  Politics  of  France,  Lon.,  1792,  8vo. 

Hill,  W.  R.     S.  Carolina  Law   Reports,   1833-35, 

Columbia,  1834-37,  3  vols.  8vo.     2.  S.  Carolina  Chancery 

Reports,  1833-37,  2  vols.  8vo,  1834-37. 

Hill,  Wm.  The  Infancy  of  the  Soul ;  or,  the  Soul  of 
an  Infant:  showing  how  and  when  it  is  infused,  Lon., 
1605,  4to. 

Hill,  Wm.,  D.D.,  1619-1677,  a  divine,  school-master 
and  physician,  Fellow  of  Merton  College,  Oxford,  a  native 
of  Cudworth,  Warwickshire.  1.  Dionysii  Orbis  Descrip- 
tio,  Lon.,  1658,  '59,  '63,  '78,  '88,  8vo.  The  last  ed.  is  the 
best.  2.  Woman's  Looking-Glass,  1660,  12mo. 

Hillard,  George  Stillman,  a  grandson  of  Genera 
Stillman,  b.  Sept.  22,  1808,  at  Machias,  Maine,  entered  the 
Boston  Latin  School,  1822,  entered  Harvard  College  in 
1824,  and  graduated  in  1828,  admitted  to  the  Suffolk 
county  (Boston)  Bar,  1833,  and  to  the  present  time  (1859) 
has  been  engaged  in  the  practice  of  the  law  in  Boston 
Mr.  Hillard  was  married  in  1834  to  Susan  T.,  daughtei 
of  the  late  Judge  Howe  of  Northampton.  In  1845  he  was 
elected  to  the  Common  Council,  of  which  he  was  a  membe 
until  July,  1847,  and  was  for  six  months  its  president.  He 
has  been  a  representative  to  the  State  Legislature,  and  was 
elected  to  the  Senate  in  1850.  As  a  legislator,  Mr.  Hillan 
soon  evinced  abilities  which  elicited  the  warm  commenda 
tion  of  the  late  Daniel  Webster,  (see  Webster's  Works,  v 
356,)  whose  estimate  of  intellectual  character  was  seldom 
mistaken.  The  reader  will  find  some  interesting  reminis 
cences  of  Mr.  Hillard's  early  life  in  the  Boston  Book 
1850 ;  and  in  Loring's  Hundred  Boston  Orators. 

Mr..Hillard  has  gained  the  reputation  of  being  one  o 
the  most  eloquent  of  American  orators:  as  a  writer,  w 
have  heard  him  classed,  by  no  less  an  authority  than  th 
eminent  publicist,  Dr.  Francis  Lieber,  among  the  very  bes 
which  the  country  has  yet  produced.  Mr.  Hillard's  publi 
cations  are  as  follows :— 1.  Fourth  of  July  Oration  befor 
the  City  Authorities  of  Boston,  1835.  2.  Discourse  befor 
the  Phi  Beta  Kappa  Society,  1843.  3.  Connection  between 
Geography  and  History,  1846,  12mo.  4.  Address  befor 
the  Mercantile  Library  Association  of  Boston,  1850 
6.  Address  before  the  New  York  Pilgrim  Society,  1851 


HIL 

.  Eulogy  on  Daniel  Webster,  before  the  City  Authorities 
f  Boston,  1852.  This  truly  eloquent  oration  will  be  found 
n  A  Memorial  of  Daniel  Webster  from  the  City  of  Boston, 
853,  edit,  by  Mr.  Hillard.  This  vol.  must  be  owned  by 
ill  who  possess  Little,  Brown  &  Co.'s  beautiful  edit,  of  the 
Works  of  Webster.  7.  Six  Months  in  Italy,  1853,  2  vols. 
.2mo;  2d  ed.,  1854,  2  vols.  12mo;  5th  ed.,  1855,  16mo. 
[his  work  has  been  commended  in  the  highest  terms. 
iVe  give  brief  citations  : 

"  The  mass  of  information  contained  in  these  two  volumes  is 
mmense;  the  criticisms  novel,  and,  in  our  humble  opinion,  judi- 
;ious;  the  writer's  own  thoughts  and  feelings  beautifully  ex 
>ressed.  .  .  .  The  only  wonder  is  how  he  could  manage  in  so  short 
i  time  to  see  so  much ;  for  Mr.  Hillard  is  one  who  sees  not  only 
fvith  the  outward  eye,  but  with  that  inner  mental  vision  which 
:arries  away  with  it  and  makes  its  own  all  that  fixes  its  observa- 
ion  and  acts  upon  its  sensations.  . . .  Mr.  Hillard  is  evidently  a 
scholar,  a  man  of  taste  and  feeling,  something,  -we  should  opine, 
)f  a  poet,  and  unmistakably  a  gentleman." — Fraser's  Magazine. 

"  Mr.  Hillard's  work  is  that  of  a  scholar  and  a  gentleman,  a  man 
f  sense  as  well  as  of  taste  and  feeling,  and  well  prepared  by  his 
irevious  reading  to  appreciate  his  subject.  He  writes  without  ego 
ism,  personal  or  patriotic;  he  has  no  systems  to  support  nor  preju 
dices  to  defend;  his  views  are  always  liberal  and  benevolent,  and 
f  not  always,  in  our  opinion,  right,  he  is  always  candid.  His  style 
is  pointed,  and  is  full  of  happy  expressions  and  striking  images  : 
occasionally  it  is  to  our  taste  a  little  too  ambitious,  and  his  illus 
trations,  though  ingenious,  seem  to  us  fanciful  and  far-fetched; 
;he  anxiety  (perhaps  derived  from  his  profession)  to  enforce  a  point 
leads  now  and  then  to  exaggeration, — not  indeed  of  fact,  but  of  ex 
pression.  These  blemishes,  however,  are  but  slight ;  and  our  men- 
iion  of  them  must  be  taken  as  a  proof  of  the  sincerity  of  our  gene 
ral  praise."— ion.  Quar.  Rev.,  April,  1858. 

"  Taking  up  the  book  casually,  it  fixed  our  attention  at  once;  and 
it  is  long  sin£e  we  have  read  a  volume  of  travels  with  so  much 
pleasure." — Dublin  Review,  July,  1858. 
The  New  York  Albion  thus  closes  its  review : 
'•<  What  a  pleasant  business  it  would  be,  this  passing  judgment 
on  books,  if  we  had  many  such  authors  to  deal  with !  It  was  with 
listless  attention  that  we  took  up  the  two  volumes  before  us,  not 
withstanding  that  these  Boston  publishers  have  the  knack  of 
courting  the  eye  by  all  the  tricksy  niceties  of  typography.  But  let 
no  man  gainsay  the  truth  of  that  homely  proverb  which  peoples 
ocean  with  as  good  fish  as  ever  came  out  of  it,  or  rashly  assert 
that  Italy  is  an  exhausted  theme !  Mr.  Hillard  has  fairly  carried 
us  with  him  from  his  first  page  to  his  last ;  and  we  must  honestly 
avow  that  no  modern  traveller,  within  the  scope  of  our  pen,  has 
looked  and  listened  so  profitably  to  himself,  and  has  recorded  his 
impressions  in  a  manner  so  acceptable  to  his  readers." 

8.  A  First-Class  Reader ;  consisting  of  Extracts  in  Prose 
and  Verse,  with  Biographical  and  Critical  Notices  of  the 
Authors.  For  the  use  of  Advanced  Classes  in  Public  and 
Private  Schools,  1856,  8vo,  pp.  504.  This  vol.  contains 
156  pieces,  selected  from  the  writings  of  112  authors  of 
note. 

"  The  selections  are  so  well  made,  and  the  brief  biographical 
sketches  so  convenient,  that  the  book  deserves  a  circulation  beyond 
the  class  for  whom,  ostensibly,  it  has  been  prepared.  Asa  volume 
of  '  elegant  extracts,'  we  take  pleasure  in  recommending  it  to  the 
general  reader;  to  the  instructor  we  can  safely  endorse  it,  as  a 
careful  and  judicious  compilation,  admirably  adapted  to  the  re 
quirements  of  the  higher  schools."— (N.  York)  Criterion,  April  5, 
1856,  361. 

Mr.  Hillard  has  also  prepared  a  Second,  Third,  and 
Fourth  Class  Reader,  the  whole  forming  a  complete  series 
for  the  use  of  grammar-schools.  They  are  being  generally 
used  in  most  of  the  States  of  the  Union. 

Translator  of— 9.  Guizot's  Essay  on  the  Character  and 
Influence  of  Washington,  1840, 12mo.  Editor  of— 10.  The 
Poetical  Works  of  Edmund  Spenser,  1839,  5  vols.  12mo, 
with  a  critical  Introduction.  This  excellent  edit,  was  pub. 
by  Little,  Brown  &  Co.  of  Boston,  who  have  issued  a  new 
edit,  of  Spenser's  Works  in  1855,  5  vols.  18mo.  Mr. 
Hillard's  edit,  was  thus  commended  by  the  du  guished 
historian  of  Spanish  Literature  : 

"There  is  no  doubt  you  have  published  the  best  edition  of 
Spenser  yet  known.  But  you  have,  I  think,  done  more  than 
this :  you  have,  it  seems  to  me,  published  a  positively  good,  use 
ful,  and  agreeable  edition  of  him;  one  that  will  cause  him  to  be 
read  and  enjoyed  by  many  classes  of  persons  who  would  otherwise 
not  have  ventured  to  open  his  pages."— GEORGE  TICKJJOR:  Letter  to 
the  Publishers. 

11.  Selections  from  the  Writings  of  Walter  Savage 
Landor,  1856,  12mo,  pp.  301. 

"  If,  through  the  vestibule  this  little  book  offers.  I  can  persuade 
the  public  to  pass  into  the  stately  structure  of  wisdom  and  beauty 
which  Landor  has  reared,  my  purpose  will  have  been  accomplished." 
— Preface. 

"  In  his  admirably-written  preface,  Mr.  Hillard  has  given  so 
excellent  an  estimate  of  Lander's  works  that  he  has  forestalled 
the  office  of  the  critic ;  and  we  could  say  nothing  on  the  subject 
that  he  has  not  said  in  a  better  manner  than  we  could  hope  to  do." 
—(N.  York).  Criterion,  January  12,  1856, 166. 

Mr.  Hillard  was  for  some  time  editor  of  the  American 
Jurist,  and  wrote  a  number  of  articles  for  its  pages;  and 
he  has  also  been  a  contributor  to  the  North  American  Re 
view,  the  Christian  Examiner,  the  New  England  Maga 
zine,  <tc.  To  him  also  we  are  indebted  for  the  Life  of 


HIL 


HIL 


Captain  John  Smith,  in  Sparks's  Library  of  American 
Biography,  1st  Series,  ii.  171-407.  If  to  all  these  titles 
to  honourable  distinction  Mr.  Hillard's  friends  should 
claim  for  him  the  possession  of  poetical  abilities  of  no 
ordinary  rank,  they  would  feel  amply  prepared  to  vindi 
cate  the  justice  of  their  pretensions.  Among  the  most 
admired  of  his  writings  are  the  two  noticed  with  just  com 
mendation  in  the  following  extract  : 

"  George  S.  Hillard  is  one  of  the  most  polished  writers  of  New 
England.  His  taste  is  fastidious,  and  he  is  a  fine  rhetorician.  He 
excels  in  arrangement  and  condensation,  and  has  an  imaginative 
expression.  Of  his  numerous  articles  in  The  North  American  Re 
view,  one  of  the  most  brilliant  is  on  Prescott's  Conquest  of  Mexico; 
but  I  think  the  happiest  of  his  essays  is  that  on  the  Mission  of 
the  Poet,  read  before  the  Phi  Beta  Kappa  Society."—  R.  W.  GUIS- 
WOLD  :  The  Intellectual  History,  Condition,  and  Prospects  of  the 
Country,  prefixed  to  his  Prose  Writers  of  America. 

*'  The  exquisite  and  flowing  sentences  seem  allied  to  music,  and 
touch  the  outward  sense,  as  well  as  stir  the  fancy  and  excite  the 
reflective  powers." 

We  have  already  quoted  the  testimonies  of  some  emi 
nent  witnesses  to  the  distinguished  talents  —  in  the  maturity 
of  their  luxuriant  foliage  —  of  the  subject  of  our  notice. 
The  early  indications  of  these  talents  —  the  "  promise  of 
the  spring"  —  were  not  unnoticed  by  one  who  first  planted, 
and  then  stimulated  to  an  abundant  harvest,  the  priceless 
seeds  of  knowledge  in  many  a  youthful  mind.  We  are 
adducing  but  one  more  to  the  many  evidences  of  that 
sagacity  which  so  pre-eminently  characterized  a  late  emi 
nent  jurist,  by  the  citation  of  the  following  lines  : 

"  To  some  among  them  [his  law-pupils]  he  was  bound  by  the 
warmest  ties  of  affection  ;  and  I  cannot  refrain  from  mentioning 
the  love  and  esteem  he  had  for  Charles  Sumner  and  George  8.  Hil 
lard,  whom  he  rather  looked  upon  as  his  children  than  as  his 
pupils."  —  Win.  W.  Story's  Life  of  Judge  Joseph  Story,  ii.  39. 

Hillary,  Wm.,  M.D.  Medical  treatises,  Lon.,  1735-61. 

Hillhouse,  James,  1754-1832,  a  native  of  Montville, 
Connecticut,  graduated  at  Yale  College,  1773;  treasurer 
of  Yale  College,  1782-1832  ;  member  U.  S.  House  of  Re 
presentatives.  1791-94  ;  of  the  United  States  Senate,  1794- 
1810.  Mr.  Hillhouse  filled  several  important  public  posts 
in  his  native  State.  He  pub.  a  number  of  Speeches,  <fcc. 
See  Bacon's  Sketch  of  the  Life  and  Character  of  Hon. 
James  Hillhouse;  Life  and  Letters  of  Judge  Joseph 
Story,  i.  158. 

Hillhouse,  James  A.,  1789-1841,  son  of  the  pre 
ceding,  was  a  native  of  New  Haven,  Connecticut,  entered 
Yale  College  at  fifteen  years  of  age,  and  graduated,  with 
distinguished  honours,  in  1808.  After  the  war  of  1812 
he  engaged  in  commercial  pursuits  in  the  city  of  New 
York;  visited  Europe  in  1819;  was  married  in  1824  to 
Miss  Cornelia  Lawrence,  of  New  York;  and  shortly  after 
wards  removed  to  his  country-seat  of  Sachem's  Wood,  near 
New  Haven,  where  he  resided,  with  the  exception  of  an 
nual  visits  to  New  York,  during  the  remainder  of  his  life. 
Upon  taking  his  second  degree  at  college,  Mr.  Hillhouse 
had  gained  great  credit  by  his  oration  On  the  Education 
of  a  Poet;  and  in  1812  he  produced  a  poem  of  remark 
able  excellence,  entitled  The  Judgment,  a  Vision,  —  a  de 
scription  of  the  awful  scenes  of  the  Last  Day.  (Pub.  N. 
York,  1812,  8vo.)  This  poem  was  rewarded,  shortly  after 
its  first  appearance,  by  the  enthusiastic  commendation  of 
one  of  the  most  accomplished  of  English  critics,  who  thus 
concludes  his  review  : 

"  In  short,  such  is  the  approach  to  excellence,  both  in  the  con 
ception  and  execution  of  this  little  poem,  thaUI  confess  myself 
more  than  commonly  gratified  in  the  opportunity  of  doing  what 
lies  in  my  power  towards  making  it  further  known  on  this  side 
the  Atlantic;  especially  as  the  praise  to  which  it  is  so  justly  en 
titled  may,  in  all  probability,  lead  its  author  to  other  and  more 
extended  efforts."—  DR.  DRAKE  :  Evenings  in  Autumn,  1822,  ii. 
100-127. 

Whilst  in  London,  he  pub.  Percy's  Masque,  a  Drama 
in  Five  Acts;  the  subject  of  which  is  "the  successful  at 
tempt  of  one  of  the  Percies,  the  son  of  Shakspeare's  Hot 
spur,  to  recover  his  ancestral  home."  It  was  reprinted  in 
New  York,  "with  alterations,"  1820,  12mo,  pp.  150,  and 
reviewed  in  the  North  American  Review  (xi.  384-393)  by 
a  fellow-poet,  William  C.  Bryant.  Referring  the  reader 
to  this  article,  we  will  quote  a  few  paragraphs  : 

"We  are  glad  to  meet  with  so  respectable  a  production  in  this 
department  of  literature  from  the  pen  of  a  native  writer  ;  indeed, 
we  are  pleased  to  light  upon  any  modern  tragedy  in  the  English 
language  so  well  worthy  of  notice.  .  .  .  There  is  no  powerful  de 
velopment  of  character,  but  the  characters  are  consistent  and  well 
sustained.  .  .  .  We  think  that  the  author  of  Percy's  Masque  is 
to  be  congratulated  on  having  escaped  so  well  the  florid  and  de 
clamatory  manner,  with  so  many  celebrated  and  seducing  ex 
amples  before  him.  We  hope,  however,  that,  should  be  continue 
to  cultivate  this  department  of  the  drama,  he  will  be  led  to  study 
a  style  still  more  idiomatic  and  easy,  and,  particularly  (for  here 
be  has  sinned  most)  with  fewer  capricious  departures  from  the 


natural  construction." 


54 


"Percy's  Masque  reproduces  the  features  of  an  era  more  im 
pressed  with  knightly  character  than  any  in  the  annals  of  Eng 
land.  Hillhouse  moves  in  that  atmosphere  quite  as  gracefully  as 
among  the  solemn  and  venerable  traditions  of  the  Hebrew  faith. 
His  dramatic  and  other  pieces  are  the  first  instances  in  the 
country  of  artistic  skill  in  the  higher  and  more  elaborate  species 
of  poetic  writing." — H.  T.  Tuckerman's  Sketch  of  American  Lite 
rature. 

In  1824  Mr.  Hillhouse  composed  the  sacred  drama  of 
Hadad,  which  was  given  to  the  world  in  the  following 
year,  New  York,  8vo,  pp.  208.  This  admirable  piece  was 
reviewed  in  the  North  American  Review  (xxii.  13-27)  by 
F.  W.  P.  Greenwood;  by  H.  Ware,  Jr.,  in  the  Christian 
Examiner,  ii.  301 ;  and  by  an  unknown  critic,  in  the  United 
States  Literary  Gazette,  ii.  96.  See  also  article  on  Hill- 
house's  Dramas,  Discourses,  and  other  Poems,  (1839, 2  vols. 
16mo,)  by  J.  G.  Palfrey,  in  North  American  Review,  1.  231- 
262;  and  Literature  in  the  Nineteenth  Century — America 
—in  the  London  Athenaeum,  1833,  p.  9.  The  author  of 
the  article  declares  that 

"This  is  one  of  those  works  which  the  Americans  do  not  or 
cannot  appreciate.  As  a  drama,  it  is  throughout  admirable, 
though  the  excessive  interest  of  the  supernatural  vein  rather 
dims  the  brightness  of  the  inferior  portions  of  the  plot.  .  .  .  We 
trust  he  writes  malgr6  discouragement  and  neglect,  for  the  time 
will  come  when  he  will  be  sought  for.  Le  bon  temps  for  literature 
in  America  is  not  far  off." 

In  1839  Mr.  Hillhouse  pub.  (in  2  vols.  16mo)  a  collective 
ed.  of  his  writings,  the  title  of  which  we  have  given  above. 
The  vols.  contain— 1.  Percy's  Masque.  2.  Hadad.  3.  De- 
metria;  a  domestic  Italian  tragedy,  written  in  1813,  but 
never  before  printed.  4.  The  Judgment;  a  Poem.  5. 
Sachem's  Wood;  a  Poem.  6.  Phi  Beta  Kappa  Discourse, 
1826,  at  New  Haven,  On  Some  of  the  Considerations  which 
should  influence  an  Epic  or  a  Tragic  Writer  in  the  Choice 
of  an  Era.  7.  A  Discourse  before  the  Brooklyn  Lyceum, 
in  1836,  On  the  Relations  of  Literature  to  a  Republican 
Government.  8.  A  Discourse  at  New  Haven,  1834,  in 
Commemoration  of  the  Life  and  Services  of  General  La 
fayette.  See  the  Review  by  J.  G.  Palfrey,  noticed  above ; 
another  review  in  the  Boston  Christian  Examiner,  xxvii. 
285 ;  articles  (on  the  Poem  of  Judgment)  in  the  Boston 
Christian  Disciple,  iii.  209 ;  N.  Haven  Chris.  M.  Spec.,  iii. 
466 ;  an  article  in  the  N.  Haven  Chris.  Quar.  Spec.,  v.  238  ; 
New  Englander,  Nov.  1858,  (by  H.  T.  Tuckerman ;)  N.  P. 
Willis's  Poem  before  the  Linonian  Society  of  Yale  College, 
1841 ;  Everest's  Poets  of  Connecticut ;  notice  of  Hillhouse, 
from  materials  furnished  by  Bishop  Kip,  in  Griswold's 
Poets  and  Poetry  of  America.  The  enthusiastic  tribute 
of  a  fellow-poet  may  appropriately  conclude  this  notice  of 
one  of  the  most  eminent  of  modern  dramatic  authors : 
"  Hillhouse,  whose  music,  like  his  themes, 
Lifts  earth  to  heaven, — whose  poet-dreams 
Are  pure  and  holy  as  the  hymn 
Echoed  from  harps  of  seraphim 
By  bards  that  drank  at  Zion's  fountain, 

When  glory,  peace,  and  hope  were  hers, 
And  beautiful  upon  her  mountains 
The  feet  of  angel-messengers." 

FITZ-GREENE  HALLECK  :  The  Recorder. 

Hilliard,  Francis,  b.  about  1808,  in  Cambridge, 
Mass.,  son  of  William  Hilliard,  an  eminent  publisher  of 
Boston,  grad.  Harvard  University  1823.  He  has  been  Judge 
of  Roxbury  (Mass.)  Police  Court,  Commissioner  of  Insol 
vency  and  Judge  of  Insolvency  for  the  county  of  Norfolk. 
1.  Digest  of  Pickering's  Reports,  vols.  viii.  to  xiv.  inc., 
Bost.,  1837,  8vo.  Supp.,  1843,  8vo.  2.  Law  of  Sales  of 
Personal  Property,  N.  York,  1841,  8vo.  See  25  Amer.  Jur., 
488,  xxvi.  262.  3.  Amer.  Law  of  Real  Property;  2d  ed,, 
Phila.,  1846,  8vo ;  3d  ed.,  N.  York,  1855,  2  vols.  8vo.  This 
work  contains  that  portion  of  Cruise's  Digest  which  the 
American  lawyer  will  find  most  needful. 

"  1  know  no  work  that  we  possess  whose  practical  utility  is 
likely  to  be  so  extensively  felt." — JUDGE  STORY. 

"A  work  of  great  labour  and  intrinsic  value."— CHANCELLOR 
KENT  :  Com.,  ii.  635,  n.,  5th  ed. 

"  A  work  creditable  to  himself,  and  of  great  practical  utility  to 
the  profession  throughout  our  whole  country." — Amer.  fur. 

See  also  1  L.  Rep.,  119 ;  ix.  188 ;  Marvin's  Leg.  Bibl.387. 

4.  American  Jurisprudence ;  Elements  of  Law,  <fcc.,  2d 
ed.,  1848,  8vo.  5.  Law  of  Mortgages  of  Real  and  Per 
sonal  Property,  Bost.,  1853,  2  vols.  8vo. 

"  As  a  manual  for  use  it  will  take  the  place  of  other  treatises 
on  the  same  subject." — Law  Reporter. 

6.  Treatise  on  the  Law  of  Vendors  and  Purchasers  of 
Real  Property,  1858,  2  vols.  8vo.  A  Treatise  on  Torts,  2 
vols.  8vo.  Now  (1858)  in  course  of  preparation. 

Hilliard,  Henry  W.,  of  Alabama.  Speeches  and 
Addresses,  N.  York,  1855,  8vo.  The  most  of  these  speeches 
were  delivered  in  the  House  of  Representatives  at  Wash 
ington,  D.C.  Appended  are  a  number  of  literary  addresses, 
which  have  been  commended. 


HIL 


HIN 


Hilliard,  John.  Fire  from  Heaven ;  concerning  a 
Man  burnt  to  ashes  by  Lightning,  Lon.,  1613,  4to. 

Hilliard,  Samuel,  Preb.  of  Lincoln,  and  Rector 
of  Stafford,  Essex.  Seven  occasional  Serms.,  1709,  '12, 
'13,  '14,  '17. 

Hilliard,  Timothy,  1746-1790,  minister  of  Cam 
bridge,  Mass.,  Ac.,  grad.  at  Harvard  Coll.,  1764.  Serms., 

Hillier,  James.  Observations  at  Cape  Corse ;  Phil. 
Trans.,  1697. 

Hills,  Henry,  minister  of  Hinxhill.  A  Treat,  cone, 
the  Propagation  of  the  Soul,  on  Eccles.  xii.  7,  Lon.  1667, 
12mo. 

Hillyard,  Clark.  Practical  Farming  and  Grazing, 
Breeding  of  Sheep  and  Cattle,  Ac.,  Lon.,  1836,  8vo. 

"The  volume  contains  352  octavo  pages  of  sound,  practical 
sense,  with  several  very  amusing  anecdotes."— Donaldsons  Agri- 

Hilman,  Samuel.  Tusser  Redivivus,  Lon.,  1710, 
8vo.  See  Lowndes's  Bibl.  Man.,  1843. 

Hils,  G.  H.  Trans,  of  the  Odes  of  Casimire,  Lon., 
1646,  12mo.  Dr.  Drake  declares  that  many  of  Casimir's 
odes  are  worthy  of  the  genius  of  Horace. 

Hilsey,  or  Hildesley,  John,  d.  1538,  Bishop  of 
Rochester,  1535.  1.  The  Manuall  of  Prayers;  or,  the 
Prymer  in  Englyshe,  Lon.,  1539,  8vo.  2.  De  Veri  Cor- 
poris  lesu  in  Sacramento.  3.  Resolutions  concerning  the 
Sacraments,  Ac.  See  Athen.  Oxon. 

Hilton,  John.  1.  Ayres,  or  Fa  Las  for  three  Voyces, 
1627.  2.  Catch  that  catch  can,  Lon.,  1652,  8vo.  This 
collection,  we  are  told, 

"  Helped  to  solace  the  royalists  in  private,  during  the  triumphs 
of  their  enemies  and  suppression  of  all  public  amusements."  See 
Hawkins's  and  Burney's  Histories  of  Music. 

Hilton,  or  Hylton,  Walter,  flourished  about  1440, 
a  Carthusian  monk.  1.  The  Scale;  or,  Ladder  of  Per 
fection,  1494,  fol.;  1507,  '21,  '25,  '33,  4to;  1659,  8vo;  1672, 
32mo ;  1679,  8vo.  The  last  is  the  ed.  revised  by  Abr. 
Woodhead. 

This  work  was  undertaken  at  the  command  of  the  pious 
Margaret,  mother  of  Henry  VII.  See  Dr.  Dibdin's  Ames, 
ii.  36-40,  for  copious  extracts  from  "  this  very  strange 
performance." 

The  whole  concludes  with  the  following  verses  : 
"  Infynyte  laude  with  thankynges  manyfold, 
I  yelde  to  god,  me  socourynge  with  his  grace, 
This  boke  to  fynysshe,  whiche  that  ye  beholde 
Scale  of  perfeccyon  calde  in  every  place, 
Whereof  thauctor  Waltre  Hylton  was." 
A  copy  sold  at  the  Alchorne  sale  for  £18  18*. 
2.  A  Devoute  Boke,   Ac.     See  Bliss's  Wood's  Athen. 
Oxon.,  iii.  1164;  Lowndes's  Bibl.  Man.,  932. 

Hilton,  William.  Relation  of  a  Discovery  lately 
made  on  the  Coast  of  Florida,  Lon.,  1654,  4to.  Liber 
rarissimus. 

Hinchclitte,  Henry  John.  1.  Rules  of  Practice 
for  the  Vice- Admiralty  Ct.  of  Jamaica,  Lon.,  1813,  8vo. 
2.  Carving  over  a  Chimney-Piece  at  SpekeHall;  Archseol., 
1803. 

Hinchcliffe,  John,  D.D.,  1731-1794,  a  native  of 
Westminster,  educated  at  Westminster,  and  elected  to 
Trin.  Coll.,  Camb.,  1750 ;  Head-Master  of  Westminster 
School,  1764;  Vicar  of  Greenwich,  1766;  Master  of  Trin. 
Coll.,  Camb.,  1768  ;  Bishop  of  Peterborough,  1769.  1. 
Serm.,  Phil.  iv.  4,  Lon.,  1773,  4to.  2.  Serm.,  Acts  x.  34, 
35,  1776,  4to.  3.  Serm.,  Mai.  ii.  10,  1786,  4to.  4.  Serins., 
1796,  8vo.  Posth.  This  vol.  disappointed  expectations, 
but  is  not  without  merit : 

"This  volume  is  not  to  be  passed  over  amongst  the  common 
run  of  pulpit  compositions.  The  discourses  are  unaffected  in 
their  manner,  and  exhibit  traits  of  an  energetic  mind." — Lon 
Critical  Review. 

Another  authority  remarks  that  they  are 
"Throughout  written  with  correctness  and   simplicity;   and 
they  are  happily  calculated  to  support   religious  belief  and  to 
promote  virtuous  manners." — Lon.  Month.  Rev. 

Hinckes,  Rev.  Mr.  Account  of  some  Ancient  MSS. 
Trans.  Ir.  Acad.,  1796. 

Hinckes,  T.  Letters  in  Answer  to  Paine's  Age  of 
Reason,  1796,  8vo. 

Hinckley,  John,  D.D.,  1617-1695,  a  native  of  War- 
wickshire,  educated  at  St.  Alban's  Hall,  Oxford,  became 
successively    Vicar  of    Coleshill,   Berkshire,    Rector    of 
Drayton,  Leicestershire,  and  Northfield,  Worcestershire 
He  pub. — 1.  Four  Serms.,  Ac.,  Oxf.,  1657,  8vo.  2.  Epistola 
Veridica,  1659,  4to.     3.  Funl.  Serm.,  1661,  4to.      4.  Per 
euasive  to  Conformity,  1670,  8vo.  5.  Fasciculus  Literarum 
or,  Letts,  on  several  Occasions,  1680,  8vo.     The  first  hall 
contains  letters  between  Richard  Baxter  and  Dr.  H.  on 
the  Divisions  in  the  Church. 
850 


Hinckley,  John,  d.  1814,  trans,  books  of  Travels, 
listory,  Ac.  from  the  German  and  Italian.  See  Watt's 
Bibl.  Brit. 

Hincks,  John,  1804-1831,  minister  of  a  Unitarian 
church  at  Liverpool,  1827.  XXIX.  Serms.  and  Occasional 
Services,  with  Memoir  by  John  H.  Thorn.  Lon.,  1832,  8vo. 
Hind,  Capt.  James,  a  noted  English  highwayman. 
L.  His  Declaration  and  Confession,  Lon.,  1651,  4to.  2.  His 
Will,  1651,  4to.  3.  His  Petition,  1651,  4to.  A  number  of 
)ieces  were  pub.  about  this  notorious  malefactor.  See 
Lowndes's  Bibl.  Man.,  933. 

Hind,  or  Hynd,  John.  1.  The  Mirrour  of  Worldly 
Fame,  Lon.,  1603, 12mo,  pp.  60.  Reprinted  in  the  Har- 
eian  Miscellany.  2.  Eliosto  Libidinoso :  described  in 
two  Bookes,  1606,  4to.  Bibl.  Anglo-Poet.,  920,  £15.  See 
Brydges's  Cens.  Literaria;  Collier's  Poetical  Decameron. 
Hind,  Rev.  John,  late  Fellow  and  Tutor  of  Sidney 
Sussex  College.  1.  Principles  of  the  Diff.  Calculus,  Lon., 
8vo.  2.  Examp.  of  the  Diff.  Calculus,  8vo.  3.  Elements 
of  Algebra;  5th  ed.,  1841,  Svo  ;  6th  ed.,  1855,  8vo.  4.  In- 
troduc.  to  the  Elements  of  Algebra,  1840,  12mo.  5.  Ele 
ments  of  P.  and  S.  Trigonom.,  4th  ed.,  1841,  12mo;  5th 
ed.,  1855,  12mo.  6.  Prin.  and  Prac.  of  Arithmetic ;  6th 
ed.,  1849, 12mo  ;  7th  ed.,  1855,  12mo.  Highly  commended 
by  Dr.  Whewell  in  his  Cambridge  Studies.  7.  Prin.  and 
Prac.  of  Arithmetical  Algebra,  1851,  12rno. 

Hind,  John  Russell,  Astronomer,  Foreign  Secre- 
bary  of  the  Royal  Astronomical  Society,  and  Superin 
tendent  of  the  "Nautical  Almanack,"  has  discovered  a 
large  number  of  planets,  for  an  account  of  which  see  Men 
of  the  Time,  Lon.,  1856;  H.  M.  Bouvier's  Familiar  As 
tronomy,  Phila.,  1857.  1.  The  Solar  System,  Lon.,  1846, 
Ac.,  18mo.  2.  Expected  Return  of  the  Great  Comet  of 
1264  and  1556,  Svo,  1848.  3.  Astronomical  Vocabulary; 
an  Explan.  of  Terms,  1852,  Svo.  4.  Comets;  a  Descrip. 
Treatise,  1852,  Svo.  5.  The  Illustrated  London  Astronomy, 
1853.  6.  Atlas  of  Astronomy:  see  JOHNSTON,  ALEXANDER 
KEITH,  No.  15. 

Hind,  Richard,  D.D.     Serms.,  1755,  '64,  '65. 
Hinde,  Capt.    Descrip.  of  the  Light  Horse,  1778,  8vo. 
Hinde,  Robert.  Prac.  H.Ct.  of  Chan.,  Lon.,  1785,8vo. 
Hinde,  Samuel.     Serm.,  Lon.,  1663,  4to. 
Hinde,  or  Hind,  Thomas.     1.  The  Divinity  of  our 
Saviour  Proved :  serm.  on  John  i.  14,  Oxf.,  1717,  Svo. 

Hinde,  Wm.  1.  Substance  of  Serm.  by  J.  Raynoldes, 
Oxf.,  1644,  4to.  2.  Life  of  John  Bruen,  1641,  8vo. 

Hinderwell,  Thomas.  Hist,  and  Antiq.  of  Scar 
borough  and  the  Vicinity,  York,  1798,  Svo ;  1811,  med. 
Svo. 

Hindler.     Costs  in  the  C.  P.  of  Lancaster,  1843,12mo. 
Hindley,  Rev.  George.     Memorial  for  Children  : 
account  of   the   Conversion,   Ac.   of    eighteen   Children, 
1S05;  3ded.,  1813,  Svo. 

Hindley,  John  Haddon.  1.  Persian  Lyrics,  1800. 
4to.  2.  Pendeh-i-attar,  1810,  '14,  12mo. 

Hindmarch,  W.  M.  1.  Supp.  to  Deacon's  Grim. 
Law  of  Eng.,  Lon.,  1836,  8vo.  2.  Law  of  Patents,  1846, 
8vo.  Supp.  now  in  Press.  Amer.  ed.,  Harrisb.,  1847,  Svo. 
"  We  can  honestly  say  that  he  has  ably  and  amply  fulfilled  the 
promise  in  his  Preface  of  producing  a  Treatise  exhibiting  the  Law 
and  Practice  in  all  the  details  of  the  subject  he  has  handled."— 
Lon.  Law  Mag. ;  see  also  10  Jurist,  150. 

3.  Defects  of  the  Patent  Laws,  1851,  Svo. 
Hindmarsh,  James.     Diet,  of  Correspondencies, 
Ac.  from  the  Works  of  Swedenborg,  Lon.,  1794,  12mo. 

Hindmarsh,  Robert,  a  printer.  Theolog.  treatises 
of  the  Swedenborgian  School  of  Divinity,  Lon.,  1792- 
1825. 

Hinds,  John.  1.  Groom's  Oracle,  Lon.,  12mo;  Phila., 
1835, 12mo.  2.  Manual  of  the  Veterinary  Art,  Lon.,12mo. 
3.  Rules  for  Bad  Horsemen,  1 2mo.  4.  Veterinary  Surgeon ; 
2d  ed.,  1829,  I2mo.  5.  Manual  of  Farriery,  1841,  12mo. 
Amer.  ed.,by  Thos.  M.  Smith,  with  a  Supp.  by  J.  S.  Skin 
ner,  Phila.  This  work  and  Dr.  Richard  Mason's  New  Pocket 
Farrier  should  be  owned  by  all  interested  in  horses. 

"  We  cannot  too  highly  recommend  these  books." — American 
Farmer. 

Hinds,  Richard  Brinsley,  Surgeon  R.N.  of  H.M. 
S.  Sulphur.  1.  Zoology  of  the  Voyage  of  the  Sulphur, 
Lon.,  1843-45,  r.  4to;  vol.  i.  £3  16*.;  vol.  ii.  £1  14s.  2. 
Botany  of  do.,  1844,  4to,  £3  3*.  Mr.  Hinds  accompanied 
Sir  Edward  Belcher  in  his  Voyage  round  the  World  in 
H.  M.  S.  Sulphur,  1836-42. 

Hinds,  Samuel,  D.D.,  Vice-Princ.  of  St.  Alban's  Hall, 
Oxford;  Bp.  of  Norwich,  1849.  1.  Sonnets  and  other  Sa 
cred  Poems,  p.  Svo.  2.  The  Three  Temples  of  the  One 
True  God  Contrasted,  1830;  3d  ed.,  1857,  Svo.  3.  Inspi 
ration  and  Authority  of  Scripture,  1831,  Svo.  4.  Scripture 


HIN 


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and  the  authorized  Version  of  Scripture,  1853,  12mo.     5. 
Catechist's  Manual,  2d  ed.,  1855,  12mo. 

"  Learned,  pious,  and  practical." — Bicker ste.th's  C.  S. 

6.  Hist,  of  Christianity,  1829,  2  vols.  8vo  j  1846,  '50, 
'53,  8vo.  Division  i.  pub.  separately  in  1  vol.  8vo.  Ori 
ginally  pub.  in  Encyc.  Metropol.  See  British  Critic, 
v.  135. 

"  Erudite  research  is  here  combined  with  independent  thought. 
The  historical  narrative  flows  gracefully  along.  A  certain  agree 
able  tone  of  generous  and  liberal  feeling  pervades  the  work." — 
Scottish  Guardian. 

"An  admirable  compend,  frank  and  liberal." — United  Presby. 
Mag. 

Hingeston,  H.  Dreadful  Alarm  upon  the  Clouds 
of  Heaven  mixed  with  Love,  Exeter,  1703,  8vo.  It  has 
been  suggested  that  this  vol.  should  accompany  Stubbes's 
Anatomic  of  Abuses. 

Hingham,  Sir  Ralph  tie.     See  HENGHAM. 

Hinkley,  E.  Acts  of  the  Assembly  of  Maryland  on 
the  Subject  of  Attachment,  Bait.,  1836,  8vo. 

Hinton,  Benjamin.  Eighteen  Serms.,Lon.,1650,4to. 

Hinton,  Isaac  Taylor,  a  brother  of  JOHN  HOWARD 
HINTON,  post.  History  of  Baptism,  Phila.,  1840,  12mo. 
Revised  by  J.  Howard  Hinton,  Lon.,  3841,  12mcr. 

Hinton,  James.     Vindic.  of  Dissenters,  1792,  8vo. 

Hinton,  John.     Serm.,  Lon.,  1685,  4to. 

Hinton,  Sir  John.  Memoires  of  Sir  John  Hinton, 
Physician-in-Ordinary  to  his  Majestie's  Person,  1629, 
Lon.,  1814,  12mo.  100  copies  printed. 

Hinton,  John  Howard,  minister  of  the  Baptist 
congregation,  Devonshire  Square,  Bishopgate  Street,  has 
acquired  considerable  reputation  both  as  a  preacher  and 
as  an  author.  In  addition  to  many  theological,  biogra 
phical,  and  other  works,  he  has  given  t«  the  world  The 
History  and  Topography  of  the  United  States  of  N.  Ame 
rica,  from  their  First  Discovery  and  Colonization  to  1826. 
By  J.  H.  H.,  assisted  by  several  literary  gentlemen  in  Eu 
rope  and  America.  100  Maps  and  Plates.  Pub.  in  Nos.  : 
finished  in  1832,  2  vols.  4to ;  N.  York,  revised  by  S.  L. 
Knapp,  1834,  8vo.  New  ed.,  Lon.,  1842,  2  vols.  4to;  also 
1843,  2  vols.  imp.  8vo.  Amer.  ed.,  with  Continuation, 
edited  by  JOHN  OVERTON  CHOULES,  D.D.,  q.  v.  See  Revue 
Encyclopedique,  Paris;  Lon.  Evangel.  Mag.,  June,  1832: 
and  see  notices  of  Mr.  Hinton,  in  the  Metropolitan  Pulpit; 
Men  of  the  Time,  1856. 

Hinton,  Wm.     Life  and  Meditations,  1665,  4to. 

Hioan,  G.  R.     Thoughts  on  Prophecy,  1808,  8vo. 

Hippesley,  Colonel  George.  Expedition  to  Vene 
zuela  in  3817,  Lon.,  1819,  8vo.  See  Blackwood's  Mag., 
Sept.  1819.  This  is  the  book  used  by  Byron  as  a  narcotic 
after  dinner : 

"  Fletcher,  his  valet,  brought  it  regularly  with  the  table-cloth. 
Its  soporific  qualities,  he  amusingly  remarked,  were  truly  asto 
nishing,  surpassing  those  of  any  ordinary  narcotic :  the  perusal  of 
a  few  pages  sufficed  to  lull  him  asleep,  and  obtained  him  a  favour 
able  siesta  when  indisposed,  or  in  bad  humour  with  himself." — 
Voyage  from,  Leghorn  to  Ce.phalon.ia  with  Lord  Byron,  by  J.  H. 
Browne :  Blackwood's  Mag.,  Jan.  1834. 

Hippesley,  J.  H.  Chapters  on  Early  English  Litera 
ture,  Lon.,  1837,  p.  8vo. 

"There  is  throughout  this  volume  much  knowledge,  correct  and 
tasteful  criticism,  and  familiarity  with  the  subject.  We  do  not 
know  a  better  introduction  to  the  study  of  our  old  poets." — Lon. 
Gent.  Mag. 

Hippisley.     Essays  on  Africa,  Lon.,  1764,  8vo. 

Hippisley,  Sir  John  Coxe,  M.P.,  LL.D.,  1765-1825, 
pub.  several  speeches,  political  tracts,  1806-13,  and  a  trea 
tise  on  Prison  Discipline  in  1823. 

Hiquaeus,  Antonius,  an  Irishman.  Com.  in  Lib. 
quartum  Sententiarum  Scoti,  Lugd.,  1639. 

Hiraethoc,  Gruffyd.  Ou  Synnwyr  pen  Kembero 
ygyd,  Wedyrgynnull ;  ei  gynnwys  aegyfansoddi  mewn 
crynobad  ddosparthus  a  threfnodic  awedrwy  ddyual 
ystry  w.  Gruffyd  Hiraethoc  prydydd  o  wynedd.  Is.  Comvy, 
Lon.,  by  Nycholas  Hyll,  8vo.  The  poet  whose  name  is 
attached  to  this  collection  of  British  Proverbs — Gruffyd 
Hiraethoc — flourished  about  1500,  in  North  Wales. 

Hird,  Wm.,  M.D.  Profess,  treatises,  Ac.,  1751,  '53,  '81. 
Hirst,  Augusta  Ann.  Helen ;  a  Tale,  1807,  2  vols. 
Hirst,  Henry  B.,  a  native  of  Philadelphia,  and  a 
member  of  the  Bar  of  that  city,  commenced  his  career  as 
an  author  by  poetical  contributions  to  Graham's  Magazine, 
which  met  with  public  favour  and  were  widely  copied  into 
the  journals  of  the  day.  He  has  since  published  three 
volumes,  viz. :  1.  The  Coming  of  the  Mammoth,  The  Fu 
neral  of  Time,  and  other  Poems,  Bost.,  1845.  2.  Endy- 
mion,  a  Tale  of  Greece;  a  Poem  in  four  Cantos,  1848. 
3.  The  Penance  of  Roland,  a  Romance  of  the  Peine  Forte 
et  Dure;  and  other  Poems,  1849.  For  critical  notices  of 
these  works  we  refer  the  reader  to  Griswold's  Poets  and 


Poetry  of  America;  Duyckincks'  Cyclopedia  of  Amer. 
Literature ;  and  Poe's  Literati. 

Hirst,  William,  Master  of  the  Free  School,  Hert 
ford.  Necessity  and  Advantages  of  Education,  Lon., 
1728,  sm.  8vo. 

Hirst,  Rev.  William.  1.  A  Fire-Bail  seen  at  Horn- 
sey ;  Phil.  Trans.,  1754.  2.  Ingress  of  Venus ;  Phil.  Trans., 
1769. 

Hisinger.  1.  The  Stone  Pyrophysalite ;  Nic.  Jour., 
1808.  2.  Niccolanum;  Thorn.  Ann.  Philos.,  1813. 

Hitchcock,  David,  a  shoemaker,  b.  1773,  at  Bethlem, 
Litchfield  county,  Conn.,  pub.  in  1806,  at  Boston,  a  vol.  of 
Poetical  Works,  the  chief  poem  of  which— The  Shade  of 
Plato;  or,  A  Defence  of  Religion,  Morality,  and  Govern 
ment—has  been  thought  to  possess  considerable  merit. 
See  Duyckincks'  Cyc.  of  Amer.  Lit. ;  Autobiography  pre 
fixed  to  Hitchcock's  Poetical  Works. 

Hitchcock,  Edward,  D.D.,  LL.D.,  an  eminent  geo 
logist,  b.  at  Deerfield,  Mass.,  May  24,  1793,  became  prin 
cipal  of  an  academy  in  his  native  town  in  1816,  and 
retained  this  situation  for  three  years,  when  he  was 
ordained,  and  subsequently  was  pastor  of  the  Congrega 
tional  church  at  Conway,  Mass.;  Professor  of  Chemistry 
and  Natural  History  in  Amherst  College,  1825;  appointed 
to  make  a  Geological  Survey  of  Massachusetts  in  1830, 
and  again  in  1837 ;  President  of  Amherst  College,  and 
Professor  of  Natural  Theology  and  Geology,  1844 ;  Agri 
cultural  Commissioner  for  Massachusetts,  to  visit  the  Agri 
cultural  Schools  of  Europe,  1850.  In  1854  Dr.  Hitchcock 
was  induced  by  increasing  bodily  infirmities  to  resign  the 
Presidency  of  Amherst  College ;  but  he  still  retains  (1858) 
the  Chair  of  Natural  Theology  and  Geology.  He  was 
succeeded  in  the  presidency  by  the  Rev.  Dr.  William  A. 
Stearns.  Among  Dr.  Hitchcock's  early  literary  labours 
were  the  preparation  of  an  almanac  for  four  years,  (1815- 
18,)  and  the  composition  of  a  Tragedy  pub.  in  1815,  en 
titled  The  Downfall  of  Buonaparte.  He  has  since  then 
given  to  the  world  a  number  of  works  which  have  con 
ferred  upon  him  a  distinguished  reputation  both  in  Europe 
and  America.  1.  Geology  of  the  Connecticut  Valley,  1823. 
2.  Catalogue  of  Plants  within  Twenty  Miles  of  Amherst, 
1829.  3.  Dyspepsia  Forestalled  and  Resisted,  1830.  4.  An 
Argument  for  Early  Temperance.  Reprinted  in  London. 
5.  First  Report  on  the  Economic  Geology  of  Massachu 
setts,  1832.  6.  Report  on  the  Geology,  Zoology,  and 
Botany  of  Massachusetts,  with  Plates,  1833,  8vo;  2d  ed., 
1835,  8vo. 

"To  Massachusetts  belongs  the  honour  of  having  made  the  first 
complete  geological  survey  of  a  whole  state  under  the  authority 
of  government ;  the  surveys  of  this  nature  in  Europe  having  been 
made  by  individual  exertion,  and  seldom  or  partially  accomplished 
by  the  aid  of  government." — N.  Amer.  Rev.,  xlii.  422-448,  q.  v.}  by 
C.  T.  Jackson. 

7.  Report  on  a  Re-examination  of  the  Economical  Geo 
logy  of  Massachusetts,  1838,  8vo.  See  N.  Amer.  Rev., 
xlvii.  250-253.  8.  A  Wreath  for  the  Tomb,  1839.  Re 
printed  in  London,  1842,  fp.  8vo,  with  a  Recommendatory 
Preface,  by  J.  Pye  Smith,  D.D. 

"  The  Wreath  for  the  Tomb  is  a  very  remarkable  work.  The 
select  passages  are  appropriate,  and  of  a  tendency  harmonizing 
with  the  other  parts  of  the  volume  ;  but  the  Sermon  and  the  Es 
say  are  the  things  which  give  to  this  little  volume  its  extraor 
dinary  value." — Lon.  Congreg.  Mag. 

9.  Elementary  Geology,  1840,  12rao;  2d  Lon.  ed.,  by  J. 
Pye  Smith,  D.D.,  1841,  cr.  8vo;  8th  Lon.  ed.,  1849,  p.  8vo. 
New  Amer.  ed.,  revised  and  enlarged,  with  Dr.  J.  P.  Smith's 
Preface,  1854,  12mo,  pp.  416. 

"It  is  an  admirable  work,  and  has  been  my  carriage-companion 
for  some  time."— DR.  G.  A.  MANTELL  :  Letter  to  Dr.  Hitchcock. 

"  Professor  Hitchcock's  excellent  work  on  Elementarv  Geology." 
—Da.  BUCKLAND  :  Address  before  tlte,  London  Geolog.  Soc.,  1841. 

"  I  shall  recommend  it  in  my  Lectures." — PROF.  B.  SILLIMAN. 
LL.D.,  of  Tale  College:  Lettei-  to  Dr.  Hitchcock. 

And  see  N.  Amer.  Rev.,  Hi.  103-109,  by  S.  L.  Dana; 
Ivi.  435-451,  by  C.  B.  Adams;  Eclec.  Rev.,  4th  Ser.,  xi. 
216. 

10.  Final  Repart  on  the  Geology  of  Massachusetts,  1841, 
2  vols.  4to,  pp.  831,  plates  55.     See  N.  Amer.  Rev.,  Ivi. 
435-451.     11.  Fossil  Footsteps  in  the  United  States,  1848. 
12.  Hist,  of  a  Zoological  Temperance  Convention  in  Cen 
tral  Africa,  1850, 18mo;  1854, 16mo.     13.  Religious  Lects. 
on  the  Peculiar  Phenomena  of  the  Four  Seasons,  1850, 
12mo ;  1853,  12mo.     These  Lectures  were  delivered  to  the 
Students  of  Amherst  College  in  1845,  '47,  '48,  '49.     14.  The 
Religion  of  Geology  and  its  Connected  Sciences,  1851, 
12mo.     Two  eds.  pub.  in  London,  1851,  p.  8vo  and  12mo. 
New  Lon.  ed.,  1855,  12mo. 

"  A  work  eminent  for  candor,  science,  and  learning,  which  re 
conciles  seeming  difficulties,  and  adds  to  the  general  character  of 
the  subject  discussed  by  great  force  and  beauty  of  style." — PRESI 
DENT  KING,  of  Columbia  College. 


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See  also  Eclec.  Rev.,  4th  Ser.,  xxxi.  468.  15.  Report  on 
the  Agricultural  Schools  of  Europe,  1851.  16.  Memoir  of 
Mary  Lyon,  1851, 12mo.  17.  Lects.  on  Diet,  Regimen,  and 
Employment,  12mo;  being  an  enlarged  ed.  of  No.  3.  18. 
Outlines  of  the  Geology  of  the  Globe,  and  of  the  United 
States  in  Particular,  1853,  8vo.  19.  Religious  Truth  Illus 
trated  from  Science,  Boston,  1857, 12mo.  20.  Illustrations 
of  Surface  Geology,  pp.  155, 12  plates;  pub.  by  Smithsonian 
Institution,  Washington,  1856,  4to.  21.  Rep.  to  the  Govt. 
of  Massachusetts  on  the  Ichnology  of  N.  England,  pp.  200, 
60  plates,  4to.  To  Dr.  Hitchcock  we  are  also  indebted  for  an 
Introduc.  to  Dennis  Crofton's  Genesis  and  Geology,  Boat., 
16mo;  and  an  Introduction  to  a  new  ed.  of  the  Plurality  of 
Worlds,  1855,  12mo.  See  BREWSTER,  SIR  DAYID,  LL.D. 
and  K.H.  In  addition  to  these  labours,  he  has  pub-v eight 
Addresses,  a  number  of  Sermons  and  Tracts,  and  contri 
buted  about  forty  scientific  papers  to  Sillhnan's  Journal, 
several  articles  to  the  American  Biblical  Repository  on  the 
Connexion  between  Religion  and  Geology,  Ac.,  and  has 
also  contributed  to  the  Bibliotheca  Sacra,  <fcc.  The  reader 
must  not  fail  to  peruse  the  papers  in  the  American  Biblical 
Repository,  v.  439 ;  vi.  261 ;  vii.  448 ;  ix.  78  ;  x.  328 ;  xi.  1. 
See  also  the  articles  on  the  Geology  of  Massachusetts,  in 
Amer.  Jour,  of  Sci.,  i.  106,  xxii.  1 ;  and  see  Amer.  Jour, 
of  Sci.,  xli.  232 ;  Westm.  Rev.,  xxxviii.  40. 

Hitchcock,  Enos,  D.D.,  d.  1803,  aged  58,  minister 
of  Providence,  R.L,  grad.  at  Harvard  Coll.,  1767,  pub.  a 
work  on  Education,  1790,  2  vols.  12mo,  an  Essay  on  the 
Lord's  Supper,  and  four  serms.,  1793-1800. 

Hitchcock,  Ethan  Allen,  General  U.S.  Army,  a 
distinguished  soldier,  b.  1798,  at  Vergennes,  Vermont,  re 
linquished  the  sword  for  the  pen  in  1855.  1.  Remarks 
upon  Alchemy  and  the  Alchemists,  Bost.,  1857,  12mo.  2. 
Swedenborg  a  Hermetic  Philosopher,  N.Y.,  1858,  12mo. 
See  Appleton's  New  American  Cyclopaedia  for  a  bio 
graphical  account  of  General  Hitchcock. 

Hitchcock,  Gad,  D.D.,  d.  1803,  aged  85,  minister 
of  Pembroke,  Mass.,  grad.  at  Harvard  Coll.,  1743,  pub. 
five  serms.,  1757,  '71,  '74,  '79. 

Hitchcock,  Henry.  The  Alabama  Justice,  1822,  8vo. 

Hitchcock,  J.     Poems,  1812,  8vo. 

Hitchcock,  John.  A  Sanctuary  for  Honest  Men; 
or,  an  Abstract  of  Human  Wisdom,  Lon.,  1617,  8vo. 

Hitchcock,  or  Hichock,  Robert,  of  Caverfield, 
Buckingham,  a  Captain  during  the  Wars  in  the  Low 
Countries  in  1586.  1.  A  Pollitique  Platt,  Lon.,  1580,  4to. 
This  is  an  historical  tract.  Hibbert,  3940,  £1  13*.  2.  The 
QuintesenceofWit;  trans,  out  of  the  Italian  tung,  1590,4to. 

Hitchcock,  Robert.  Historical  View  of  the  Irish 
Stage,  Dubl.,  1788-94,  2  vols.  12mo. 

Hitchcock,  Thomas,  D.D.  Serm.,  2  Pet.  ii.  5,  Oxf., 
1761,  8vo. 

Hitchener,  Win.  H.      Plays,  Novels,  Ac.,  1804-14. 

Hitchin,  Charles.  1.  Lett,  to  Mr.  Hoadley,  Norw., 
1711,  8vo.  2.  Receivers  and  Thief- Takers  of  London, 
Ac.,  Lon.,  1718,  4to. 

Hitchin,  Edward.  On  Infant  Baptism,  Lon.,  1710, 
8vo. 

Hitchin,  Edward.    Serms.,  <fec.,  1752-72. 

Hitchins,  Fortescue.  1.  The  Sea-Shore;  with 
other  Poems,  1810,  8vo.  2.  The  Hist,  of  Cornwall;  edited 
by  Samuel  Drew  Helston,  1824,  2  vols.  4to. 

Hitchins,  Rev.  Malachi.  1.  Silver  found  in  Her- 
land  Copper  Mine  ;  Phil.  Trans.,  1801.  2.  Roman  Urn  dis 
covered  in  Cornwall;  Archaeol.,  1803. 

Hitchmugh,  Richard.  Serms.,  York,  1722,  both  8vo. 

Hitt,  Thomas.  1.  Treatise  of  Fruit- Trees,  Lon., 
1753,  8vo;  3d  ed.,  1768,  8vo. 

"His  treatise  on  fruit-trees  was  much  esteemed."— Donaldson's 
Agricult.  Biog. 

2.  A  Treatise  of  Husbandry,  1760,  Svo. 

"The  author  writes  very  pertinently  on  enclosing  waste  lands, 
bringing  the  grounds  into  cultivation,  and  the  raising  of  tim 
ber-trees."—  Donaldson's  Agricult.  Biog. 

Hind,  or  Hinst,  John.  The  Storie  of  Stories ;  or, 
the  Life  of  Christ,  Lon.,  1632,  Svo. 

Hoadly,  Benjamin,  D.D.,  1676-1761,  a  native  of 
Westerbam,  Kent,  admitted  of  Catherine  Hall,  Cambridge, 
I  \\^  W51CJ  e  became  Fell°^  and  Tutor ;  Lecturer  of 
St.  Mildred,  London,  1701 ;  Rector  of  St.  Peter-le-Poor, 
London,  1704;  Rector  of  Streatham,  Surrey,  1710;  Bishop 
of  Bangor,  1715;  Bishop  of  Hereford,  1721;  Bishop  of 
Salisbury,  1723;  Bishop  of  Winchester,  1734  Bishop 
Hoadly  pub.  a  number  of  sermons  and  controversial  tracts, 
political  and  theological,  which  were  collected  and  pub.  by 
his  son,  lohn  Hoadly,  Chancellor  of  the  Diocese  of  Win 
chester,  1773,  3  vols.  fol.  He  first  attracted  attention  by  a 


Letter  to  Mr.  Fleetwood,  occasioned  by  bis  late  Essay  on 
Miracles,  1702,  4to,  which  we  have  already  noticed :  see 
FLEETWOOD,  WILLIAM,  D.D.  This  was  followed  by  The 
Reasonableness  of  Conformity  to  the  Church  of  England, 
1703,  Svo,  which  he  supported  by  some  other  tracts.  He 
had  here  for  bis  opponent  the  excellent  Mr.  Calamy,  who 
represented  the  Dissenters  of  his  way  of  thinking.  See 
CALAMY,  EDMUND.  In  1707,  Svo,  Hoadly  pub.  A  Brief 
Defence  of  Episcopal  Ordination  : 

"I  like  both  the  design  and  doctrine,  as  I  do  every  design  of 
reconciling  religion  with  reason,  or,  where  that  may  not  be  done, 
of  bringing  them  as  near  together  as  possible." — DR.  MIDDLETON. 

In  1735,  Svo,  he  gave  to  the  world  A  Plain  Account  of 
the  Nature  and  End  of  the  Lord's  Supper;  a  Defence  of 
the  same,  1735,  '48,  8vo.  This  elicited  a  number  of 
answers,  a  list  of  which  will  be  found  in  Dr.  Home's  Cat. 
of  the  Queen's  Library  at  Cambridge,  and  in  Watt's  Bibl. 
Brit  Those  who  have  not  time  or  disposition  to  read  all 
these  treatises  can  remember  Mr.  Bickersteth's  hint  that 
Warren  and  Law's  responses 

"  Sufficiently  show  the  nature  of  and  answer  Bishop  Hoadly'a 
work." — Christian  Student. 

But  the  most  memorable  warfare  in  which  Hoadly  was 
engaged  was  that  known  as  the  Bangorian  Controversy. 
This  was  elicited  by  a  sermon,  preached  before  the  king 
in  1717,  on  St.  John  xviii.  36  : — "  My  kingdom  is  not  of  this 
world:" 

"The  manner  in  which  he  explained  the  text  was,  that  the 
clergy  bad  no  pretensions  to  any  temporal  jurisdictions;  but  this 
was  answered  by  Dr.  Snape,  [Letter  to  the  Bishops  of  Bangor, 
1717,  8vo;]  and,  in  the  course  of  the  debate,  the  argument  in 
sensibly  changed  from  the  rights  of  the  clergy  to  that  of  princes, 
in  the  government  of  the  church.  Bishop  Hoadly  strenuously 
maintained  that  temporal  princes  had  a  right  to  govern  in  eccle 
siastical  politics.  His  most  able  opponent  was  the  celebrated 
William  Law,  [The  Bishop  of  Bangor's  Late  Sermon  and  his  Letter 
to  Dr.  Snape  in  defence  of  it  answered,  1717,  8vo,]  who,  in  some 
material  points,  may  be  said  to  have  gai^d  a  complete  victory." 

The  inquisitive  reader  who  desires  to  master  this  cele 
brated  Controversy  will  find  a  guide  in  a  vol.  entitled  An 
Account  of  all  the  considerable  Pamphlets  that  have  been 
published  on  the  Present  Controversy  between  the  Bishop 
of  Bangor  and  others  to  1718,  with  a  Continuation  to 
1719,  Svo,  1719-20.  Some  forty  or  fifty  tracts  were  pub. 
upon  this  vexata  qusestiS.  As  an  encouragement  (!)  to  the 
reader  who  is  impatient  to  spend  a  few  winter  evenings 
in  the  digestion  of  this  knotty  matter,  we  quote  the  ex 
perience  of  one  of  our  most  learned  and  acute  of  modern 
literary  critics : 

"A  long  and  celebrated  war  of  pens  instantly  commenced, 
known  by  the  name  of  the  Bangorian  Controversy ;  managed, 
perhaps  on  both  sides,  with  all  the  chicanery  of  polemical  writers, 
and  disgusting  both  from  its  tediousness,  and  from  the  manifest 
unwillingness  of  the  disputants  to  speak  ingenuously  what  they 
meant." 

Then  follows  this  note: 

"  These  qualities  are  so  apparent,  that  after  turning  over  some 
forty  or  fifty  tracts,  and  consuming  a  good  many  hours  on  the 
Bangorian  Controversy,  I  should  find  some  difficulty  in  stating 
with  decision  the  propositions  in  dispute." — Hallam's  Constit. 
Hist,  of  Enqland,  ed.  1854 ;  iii.  243-244.  Read  the  whole  of  these 
remarks,  which  throw  considerable  light  upon  the  subject. 

Bishop  Hoadly's  Sermons  (1754-55,  2  vols.  Svo;  Dis 
courses,  4th  ed.,  1734,  Svo;  and  see  his  collected  Works) 
are  highly  valued  : 

"  Hoadly  is  very  exact  and  judicious,  and  both  his  essence  and 
style  just,  close,  and  clear." — DR.  WATERLAND. 

As  regards  style,  Pope  complains  of  his  long  sentences : 

"  Swift  for  closer  style, 
But  Hoadly  for  a  period  of  a  mile." 

But  the  reader  must  also  peruse  Akenside's  Compli 
mentary  Ode  to  Hoadly. 

Hoadly,  Benjamin,  M.D.,  1706-1757,  eldest  son 
of  the  preceding,  and  a  native  of  London,  educated  at 
Bene't  College,  Cambridge,  wrote  the  famous  comedy  of 
The  Suspicious  Husband,  1747,  Svo;  assisted  Hogarth  in 
his  Analysis  of  Beauty ;  wrote  Three  Lects.  on  The  Or 
gans  of  Respiration,  1737,  pub.  1746,  4to;  pub.  a  medical 
oration,  1742,  Svo;  and  gave  to  the  world,  in  association 
with  Mr.  Wilson,  Electrical  Experiments,  1756,  4to.  See 
Biog.  Brit. ;  Biog.  Dramat. 

Hoadly,  Charles  J.,  State  Librarian,  Connecticut. 
Records  of  the  Colony  or  Jurisdiction  of  New  Haven, 
from  May,  1653,  to  the  Union ;  together  with  the  New  Haven 
Code  of  1656,  Hartford,  1858,  Svo.  See  (N.  York)  Hist. 
Mag.,  Oct.  1858,  317. 

Hoadly,  John,  D.D.,  d.  1747,  Bishop  of  Leighlin 
and  Ferns,  1727 ;  trans,  to  Dublin,  1729;  and  to  the  arch 
bishopric  of  Armagh,  1742.  Occasional  Serms.,  1704-17. 

Hoadly,  John,  LL.D.,  1711-1776,  youngest  son  of 
Bishop  Hoadly,  was  educated  at  Corpus  Christi  College, 


HOA 


HOB 


Cambridge,  became  Preb.  of  Westminster,  and  received 
other  preferments.  1.  Love's  Revenge;  a  Pastoral,  1737, 
4to.  2.  Jephtha;  an  Oratorio,  1737,  8vo.  3.  Phoebe;  a 
Pastoral,  1748,  8vo.  4.  The  Force  of  Truth;  an  Oratorio, 
1764. 

He  wrote  a  number  of  poems  in  Dodsley's  Collection, 
pub.  his  father's  works,  (ante,)  and  is  supposed  to  have 
assisted  his  brother  in  The  Suspicious  Husband.  He  also 
revised  Lillo's  Arden  of  Feversham,  wrote  the  5th  act  of 
Miller's  Mahomet,  and  left  some  dramatic  works  in  MS. 
See  Biog.  Dramat. ;  Dodsley's  Collection  of  Poems. 

Hoadly,  Loammi  Ives,  b.  at  Northford,  Conn., 
1790,  graduated  at  Yale  College,  1817  ;  studied  theology 
at  Andover,  and  was  one  year  Resident  Licentiate  on  the 
Abbot  Foundation ;  supplied  the  Old  South  Church,  Boston, 
for  the  most  of  that  year ;  for  four  years  pastor  of  the 
Waldo  Calvinist  Church,  Worcester,  Mass. ;  has  had 
charge  of  several  churches  in  New  England ;  was  for  one 
year  Winter  Instructor  in  Sacred  Rhetoric  in  the  absence 
of  Professor  Porter;  assistant  editor  of  the  Comprehen 
sive  Commentary  of  the  Bible;  (see  ARNALD,  RICHARD;) 
edited  the  6th  vol.  of  the  Spirit  of  the  Pilgrims;  edited 
for  many  years  most  of  the  works  pub.  by  the  Mass.  Sab 
bath-School  Society  ;  author  of  an  Essay  pub.  in  Tucker's 
work  on  Predestination;  contributor  to  Mothers'  Maga 
zine,  Christian  Spectator,  and  various  religious  publica 
tions. 

Hoadly,  Samuel.  The  Accidence,  in  Questions  and 
Answers,  Lon.,  1683,  1737,  8vo. 

Hoar,  Leonard,  M.D.,  d.  1675,  aged  about  45,  Presi 
dent  of  Harvard  College,  1672-75,  wrote  an  excellent 
letter  to  Josiah  Flint,  giving  him  direction  in  his  studies, 
pub.  in  the  Mass.  Hist.  Collec.  See  Magnalia  ;  Mass.  Hist. 
Collec.,  vi.  100-108. 

Hoard,  Samuel,  d.  1657,  Rector  of  Moreton,  Essex. 
1.  God's  Love  to  Mankind  manifested  by  disproving  his 
absolute  Decree  for  their  Damnation,  1633,  4to.  Anon. 
Answered  by  Bishop  John  Davenant,  Camb.,  1641,  8vo, 
and  by  Dr.  Wm.  Twisse,  Oxf.,  1653,  fol.  Hoard's  sermon 
is  very  rarely  met  with.  2.  Serm.,  Lon.,  1636,  8vo.  3.  The 
Church's  Authority  asserted  in  a  Serm.  on  1  Cor.  xiv.  40, 
1637,  4to;  and  in  Dr.  Geo.  Hickes's  Tracts,  1709,  8vo,  p. 
190. 

Hoare,  Hon.  Charles.  Divine  Meditations;  with 
a  Daily  Directory,  1804,  12mo. 

Hoare,  Charles  James,  Vicar  of  Godstone,  Arch 
deacon  of  Surrey,  and  Canon  of  Winchester,  formerly  of 
St.  John's  College,  Cambridge,  and  Vicar  of  Blandford 
Forum,  Dorset.  1.  Serms.  on  the  Christian  Character,  &c., 
1821,  8vo;  3d  ed.,  1822,  8vo. 

"  Ardent  piety  without  enthusiasm,  discretion  without  coldness, 
and  orthodoxy  without  bigotry." — Lon.  Chris.  Observer. 

2.  The  Course  of  Divine  Judgments  :  8  Lects.  in  Advent, 
1831,  8vo ;  1832.  3.  Principles  of  the  Tracts  for  the  Times, 
1841,  8vo.  4.  Office  of  Public  Infant  Baptism  illustrated 
and  explained,  1848,  fp.  8vo. 

"  A  valuable  accession  to  our  popular  theology."— CJi.  of  Eng. 
Quar.  Rev. 

Archdeacon  Hoare  has  also  pub.  several  occasional 
serms.,  <fcc. 

Hoare,  Edward,  incumbent  of  Christ's  Church, 
Ramsgate,  has  pub.  The  Scriptural  Principles  of  our  Pro 
testant  Church,  Lon.,  1845,  18mo;  1847,  12mo;  and  other 
works. 

Hoare,  George  Richard.  1.  Modern  Europe  in 
Miniature,  1811,  18mo.  2.  The  Young  Traveller;  a  Tale, 
1812,  18tno. 

Hoare,  John.     Serms.,  1815.  8vo. 

Hoare,  Nicholas.  Features  of  the  Gospel,  1806,  Svo. 

Hoare,  Peter  Richard.  Treatises  on  subjects  of 
Political  Economy,  1811,  '12,  '13,  '16.  See  Watt's  Bibl. 
Brit. 

Hoare,  Prince,  1755-1834,  Secretary  to  the  Royal 
Academy,  a  painter  and  dramatic  author,  b.  in  Bath, 
England,  wrote  twenty  plays,  several  treatises  on  the  fine 
arts,  Memoirs  of  Granville  Sharp,  Esq.,  «fcc.,  pub.  1788- 
1828.  See  Biog.  Dramat. ;  Watt's  Bibl.  Brit. ;  Lon.  Gent. 
Mag.,  June,  1835. 

Hoare,  Richard.  A  Journal  of  his  Shrievalty  in 
1740-41,  from  his  own  MS.,  Bath,  1815,  r.  4to.  Privately 
printed  by  Sir  Richard  Colt  Hoare,  Bart. 

Hoare,  Sir  Richard  Colt,  Bart.,  1758-1838,  an 
eminent  antiquary,  the  eldest  son  of  Sir  Richard  Hoare, 
the  first  baronet,  was  the  author  of  several  valuable  publica 
tions,  some  of  the  most  important  of  which  we  have  already 
noticed.  A  list  of  his  works,  with  a  biography  of  the  writer, 
will  be  found  in  Lon.  Gent.  Mag.,  July,  1838.  We  instance 


the  following : — 1.  The  Itinerary  of  Archbishop  Baldwin 
through  Wales ;  trans,  into  English,  and  illustrated  with 
Views,  Annotations,  and  a  Life  of  Giraldus,  Lon.,  1806,  2 
vols.  4to.  See  BARRY,  GIRALD,  p.  134.  See  also  Edin. 
Rev.,  viii.  399-413.  2.  A  Tour  through  the  Isle  of  Elba, 
1814,  r.  4to.  3.  A  Classical  Tour  through  Italy,  1819,  2 
vols.  4to ;  an  ed.  in  3  vols.  8vo.  See  EUSTACE,  JOHN 
CHETWODK,  p.  563-564.  4.  The  History  of  Ancient  Wilt 
shire,  1810-21,  5  Pts.  imp.  fol. ;  often  bound  in  2  vols., 
£21;  large-paper  copies,  £31  10s.  Sir  Richard  now  com 
menced,  assisted  by  able  coadjutors,  The  Modern  History 
of  South  Wiltshire,  of  which  Pt  1— The  Hundred  of  Mere- 
was  pub.  in  1822,  and  the  last  portion  in  1843.  Bound  in 
6  vols.  fol.,  £42;  large  paper,  £74.  At  the  present  date 
(1856)  only  about  20  perfect  copies  remain  in  the  hands 
of  the  publishers, — Messrs.  Nichols  of  London.  These  they 
offer  at  £30  for  small  paper;  £60  for  large-paper  copies, 
bound  either  in  5  very  large  vols,  or  in  12  smaller  ones. 
Sir  Richard  did  not  live  to  see  this  great  work  completed, 
nor  was  he  able  to  include,  as  he  had  designed,  the  mo 
dern  history  of  North  Wiltshire.  May  we  not  yet  hope 
for  such  a  supplement  as  he  would  have  rejoiced  to  see  ? 
His  principal  assistants  in  the  Modern  History  of  South 
Wiltshire  were  the  Lord  Arundell  of  Wardour,  the  Rev. 
John  Offer;  H.  Wansey,  Esq.;  R.  Harris,  Esq. ;  C.  Bowles, 
Esq.;  W.  H.  Black,  Esq.;  George  Matcbam,  Esq.,  LL.D., 
of  Newhouse;  R.Benson,  Esq.;  H.  Hatcher,  Esq.;  and 
J.  G.  Nichols,  Esq.  We  have  already  indicated  our  appre 
ciation  of  enlightened  topographical  investigations  of  this 
character  in  our  notice  of  George  Baker's  Hist,  and  Antiq. 
of  Northamptonshire,  p.  103.  Sir  Richard  collected  a 
museum  of  curiosities  of  great  value:  see  Gent.  Mag., 
1846,  Pt.  1,  73.  See  also  Dibdin's  Lib.  Comp.  for  an  ac 
count  of  his  library,  of  which  he  printed  two  partial  cata 
logues,— Hist,  and  Topog.  of  Italy,  1812,  r.  Svo,  Hist,  and 
Topog.  of  England,  Wales,  Scotland,  and  Ireland,  1815, 
Svo, — both  privately  printed  for  presents  :  12  copies  of  the 
former,  25  of  the  latter. 

Hoare,  Robert  J.     Fast  Serm.,  1807. 

Hoare,  Rev.  William  Henry,  late  Fellow  of  St. 
John's  College,  Cambridge.  1.  The  Harmony  of  the  Apo 
calypse,  &c.,  Lon.,  1848,  r.  Svo.  2.  Outlines  of  Eccles. 
Hist,  before  the  Reformation,  1852,  18mo. 

Hobart,  Sir  Henry,  Lord  Chief- Justice  of  the  Court 
of  Common  Pleas  temp.  James  I.  Reports  in  the  reign  of 
K.  James  I.,  with  some  few  Cases  in  the  reign  of  Q.  Eliza 
beth,  Lon.,  1641,  4to;  1650,  71,  '78,  '83,  fol.  New  ed., 
with  addits.,  by  Edward  Chilton,  1724,  fol.  1st  Amer. 
from  the  last  English  ed.,  by  Judge  J.  M.  Williams,  Bost, 
1829,  Svo.  The  Amer.  ed.  is  on  the  whole  preferable  to 
the  best  English  ed.— that  of  1724;  but  Judge  Williams 
has  unfortunately  left  out  several  cases  which  he  deemed 
of  not  much  importance  to  the  American  lawyer.  This 
omission  is  to  be  much  regretted,  and  it  involves  the  ne 
cessity  of  purchasing  both  eds.  Professor  Greenleaf  con 
templated  editing  Hobart's  Reports,  but  relinquished  the 
design  and  gave  his  notes  to  Judge  Williams,  who  has 
inserted  them  in  the  early  part  of  his  ed.  See  Judge 
Story's  Miscell.  Writings,  1852,  274;  Marvin's  Leg.  Bibl., 
389-390,  and  authorities  there  cited.  An  interesting 
biographical  notice  of  Judge  Hobart  will  be  found  in 
Wallace's  Reporters,  3d  ed.,  1855,  162-167. 

"A  most  learned,  prudent,  and  religious  judge." — LORD  COKE. 

"A  great  loss  to  the  community." — SIR  HENRY  SPELMAN. 

Hobart,  John  Henry,  D.D.,  1775-1830,  a  native  of 
Philadelphia,  descended  from  Joshua  Hobart,  one  of  the 
early  settlers  of  Massachusetts  Bay,  graduated  at  Prince 
ton  College,  New  Jersey,  in  1793,  and  was  appointed  tutor 
in  that  institution  in  1796;  ordained  by  Bishop  White  in 
1798,  and  stationed  successively  at  Trinity  Church,  Ox 
ford,  All-Saints'  Church,  Pequestan,  Christ  Church,  New 
Brunswick,  a  country  parish  at  Hempstead,  Long  Island, 
andatTrinity  Church,  New  York;  elected  Assistant  Bishop 
j  of  New  York,  1811 ;  sole  Bishop,  1816.  He  was  also  Pro 
fessor  of  Theology  and  Eloquence  in  the  General  Pro 
testant  Episcopal  Seminary,  New  York,  of  which  he  was 
one  of  the  principal  founders.  During  his  ministry  at 
Hempstead,  Long  Island,  he  married  a  daughter  of  the 
Rev.  Dr.  Thomas  B.  Chandler,  the  well-known  advocate  of 
Episcopacy  in  the  early  ecclesiastical  annals  of  America, 
(Tracts,  pub.  1767-74.,)  1.  Companion  for  the  Altar,  N. 
York,  1804;  13th  ed.,  1840,  Svo.  Edited  by  Rev.  J.  Col- 
lingwood,  Lon.,  1849,  18ino.  2.  Companion  for  the  Festi 
vals  and  Fasts,  N.  York,  1S04;  21st  ed.,  1856,  cr.  8vo. 
3.  Apology  for  Apostolic  Order,  1807.  New  ed.,  1844,  Svo. 
Originally  pub.  as  a  reply  to  the  comments  of  the  Rev. 
John  M.  Mason,  in  the  Christian  Magazine.  4.  Charge  to 


HOB 


HOB 


the  Clergy,  1815.  5.  State  of  Departed  Spirits,  Ac.,  new 
ed.,  1846, 12mo.  Originally  appended  to  No.  4.  6.  Address 
to  the  New  York  Bible  and  C.  P.  Book  Society,  1815.  7. 
thanksgiving  Sermon.  8.  Address  to  the  Episcopal  Mis 
sionary  Society,  1817.  9.  Communicant's  Manual,  32mo. 

10.  Revision  of  Claude  on  the  Composition  of  a  Sermon. 

11.  Serms.  on   Redemption,  Ac.,  Lon.,  1824,  2  vols.  8vo; 
N.  York,  1824,  2  vols.  8vo.    12.  A  Discourse  comparing  the 
U.  States  with  England,  Ac.,  1826,  8vo ;  2  eds.  pub.  in  N. 
York ;  Lon.,  1826,  '28,  8vo.     The  2d  N.  York  ed.  has  some 
addit.  notes.   13.  The  Clergyman's  Companion,  edit,  by  Bp. 
L.  S.  Ives,  N.  York ;  new  ed.,  1855,  12mo.     14.  The  Chris 
tian's  Manual  of  Faith  and  Devotion,  1850, 12mo.     15.  An 
edit  of  D'Oyly  and  Mant's  Commentary  on  the   Bible, 
1818-20,  2  vols.  4to.     Already  noticed  by  us  :  see  D'OYLY, 
GEORGE,  D.D.,  p.  518.     16.  Posthumous  Works,  with  a 
Memoir  by  Rev.  Wm.  Berrian,  1833,  3  vols.  8vo.     See  also 
The  Early,  Professional,  and  Closing  Years  of  Bishop  Ho- 
bart,  by  Rev.  John  McVickar,  Prot.  Epis.  Press  ,•  also  Ox 
ford,  1838,  8vo,  with  a  Pref.  containing  a  Hist,  of  the  Ch.  in 
America,  by  W.  F.  Hook,  D.D.,  Vicar  of  Leeds.     And  see  a 
Memoir  of  Bishop  Hobart,  by  Rev.  Dr.  Schroeder,  N.  York, 
12mo. 

Bishop  Hobart  was  a  zealous  advocate  for  the  necessity 
of  Episcopal  ordination,  and  had  (as  we  have  seen)  a  con 
troversy  on  this  subject  with  the  Rev.  John  M.  Mason,  D.D., 
of  New  York,  and  also  (in  1811)  with  the  Rev.  J.  C.  Jones, 
an  Episcopal  clergyman.  Dr.  Mason's  work,  entitled 
Claims  to  Episcopacy  Refuted,  in  a  Review  of  the  Essays 
of  Bp.  Hobart,  Ac.,  was  pub.,  Lon.,  1838,  12mo,  with  an 
Introduction  and  Appendix,  by  the  Rev.  John  Blackburn, 
of  Pentonville. 

"  His  Pastoral  Charges  in  defence  of  the  leading  doctrines,  the 
polity  and  orders,  of  the  Christian  Church,  are  very  argumentative 
and  conclusive,  and  much  admired.  . .  .  The  Writings  of  Bp.  Hobart 
have  not  been  unappreciated  in  England.  But  his  writings  are 
only  a  small  portion  of  the  services  he  rendered  to  his  generation ; 
he  was  born  to  act  rather  than  to  write.  His  deeds  are  ably  nar 
rated  by  Dr.  Berrian,  a  judicious  friend  and  near  connection  of  the 
deceased  Bishop."— Lowndes's  Brit.  Lib.,  656,  833. 

See  Lon.  Gent.  Mag.,  March,  1831 ;  New  Haven  Chris. 
Month.  Spec.,  ix.  79 ;  by  L.  Bacon,  ib.  x.  142. 

Hobart,  Nehemiah,  1648-1712,  minister  of  Newton, 
Mass.,  pub.  a  serm.  on  The  Absence  of  the  Comforter. 

Hobart,  Noah,  d.  1773,  aged  67,  minister  of  Fairfield, 
Conn.,  pub.  several  serms.,  Ac.,  1747-61. 

Hobart,  W.  C.  E.    Analysis  of  Butler's  Analogy  of 
Eeligion,  N.  York,  18mo. 
Hobart,  or  Hobert.     See  HUBERT. 
Hobbes,  James  R.     Picture   Collector's  Manual, 
adapted  to  the  Professional  Man  and  the  Amateur;  being 
a  Dictionary  of  Painters,  Lon.,  1849,  2  vols.  8vo.     This  is 
a  valuable  work.     See  SPOONER,  SHEARJASHUB,  M.D. 

Hobbes,  S.  Trans,  of  Cornelius  Shilander  his  Chi- 
rurgerie,  Ac.,  Lon.,  1546,  4to. 

Hobbes,  Thomas,  1588-1679,  a  native  of  Malmes- 
bury,  Wiltshire,  where  his  father  was  minister,  was  edu 
cated  at  the  grammar-school  of  that  place,  and  at  Magda 
len  Hall,  Oxford.  In  1608  he  became  domestic  tutor  to 
Lord  Cavendish,  son  of  the  Earl  of  Devonshire,  with 
whom  he  travelled  in  France  and  Italy.  On  his  return  he 
became  secretary  to  his  ward,  on  his  succeeding  to  his 
father's  honours;  but  the  death  of  the  former,  in  1628, 
dissolved  a  connexion  which  had  been  maintained  for 
twenty  years,  and  Hobbes  was  easily  persuaded  again  to 
leave  his  country  as  a  companion  to  the  son  of  Sir  Gervase 
Clifton.  In  1631  he  was  solicited  by  the  countess-dowager 
of  Devonshire  to  return  to  England  and  assume  the  care 
of  the  young  earl,  then  thirteen  years  of  age,  and  he  com 
plied  with  this  request.  This  arrangement  led  to  a  third 
visit  to  the  Continent,  where  he  resided  with  his  new  pupil 
from  1634  to  1637.  Hobbes  again  returned  to  Paris,  from 
political  apprehensions,  in  1641,  and  remained  there  until 
after  the  publication  of  his  Leviathan.  In  1647  he  was 
appointed  mathematical  tutor  to  the  Prince  of  Wales, 
(afterwards  Charles  II.,)  then  resident  in  Paris.  After 
the  publication  of  his  Leviathan,  which  appeared  in  1651, 
he  returned  to  England,  and  henceforth  passed  his  sum 
mers  at  the  Earl  of  Devonshire's  seat  in  Derbyshire,  and 
his  winters  in  town.  In  1674,  having  attained  the  great 
age  of  86,  he  bade  a  last  farewell  to  London,  and  retired 
to  the  residence  of  his  patron,  the  Earl  of  Devonshire  in 
Derbyshire,  to  spend  the  rest  of  his  days  in  seclusion. 
Here  he  remained  in  "ease  and  plenty,"  devoting  the 
"morning  to  exercise  and  the  afternoon  to  his  studies," 
until  his  death  in  1679,  in  the  ninety-second  year  of  his 
age,  and  about  seventy-two  years  from  the  date  of  his  first 
connexion  with  the  illustrious  family  to  three  generations 


of  which  he  had  been  the  object  of  affectionate  care  and 
princely  patronage.  He  was  the  intimate  friend  of  Lord 
Herbert  of  Cherbury,  Ben  Jonson,  and  Lord  Bacon,  and 
is  said  to  have  assisted  the  latter  in  translating  some  of 
his  works  into  Latin.  An  interesting  account  of  his  habits 
during  his  last  years  will  be  found  in  Bishop  White  Ken- 
net's  Memoirs  of  the  Cavendish  Family,  and  detailed 
notices  of  his  publications  and  literary  controversies  in 
the  authorities  subjoined.  Among  the  principal  works  of 
this  celebrated  philosopher  are — 1.  Hist,  of  the  Peloponne- 
sian  War,  Lon.,  1628,  '34,  '76,  fol.j  1723,  2  vols.  8vo. 
"The  Translation  of  Thucydides,  as  he  himself  boasts,  was 

Siblished  to  show  the  evils  of  popular  government." — SIR  JAMES 
ACKINTOSH  :  '2d  Prelim.  Dissert,  to  Encyc.  Brit. 

2.  De  Mirabilibus  Pecci ;  being  the  Wonders  of  the  Peak 
in  Devonshire.  This  is  a  long  Latin  poem.  In  Latin, 
1636,  '66,  8vo;  1675,  4to.  In  English  and  Latin,  1678, 
8vo.  3.  Elementa  Philosophia,  seu  Politica  de  Cive,  Paris, 
1642,  4to:  for  private  distribution.  Pub.,  Arnst.,  1647, 
'50,  '60,  '69,  12mo.  See  No.  6.  4.  Human  Nature;  or, 
the  Fundamental  Principles  of  Policy  concerning  the  Fa 
culties  and  Passions  of  the  Human  Soul,  Lon.,  1650,  '51, 
12mo.  This  has  been  called  the  ablest  of  his  writings. 
See  No.  6.  5.  De  Corpore  Politico;  or,  the  Elements  of 
Law,  Moral  and  Politick,  1650,  8vo.  See  No.  6.  6.  Le 
viathan  ;  or,  the  Matter,  Forme,  and  Power  of  a  Common 
wealth,  Ecclesiastical  and  Civill,  1651,  8vo,  fol.  In  Latin, 
1668,  4to ;  Amst.,  1670,  4to.  This  work  may  be  called  an 
amplification  of  Nos.  3,  4,  and  5 ;  and  is  "  so  constructed 
as  to  form  a  complete  digest  of  all  his  opinions,  religious, 
moral,  and  theological." 

"  In  1651  the  complete  system  of  his  philosophy  was  given  to 
the  world  in  the  Leviathan.  These  three  works  [Nos.  3,  5,  and  6] 
bear  somewhat  the  same  relation  to  one  another  that  the  Advance 
ment  of  Learning  does  to  the  treatise  DeAugmentis  Scientiarum; 
they  are  in  effect  the  same;  the  same  order  of  subjects,  the  same 
arguments,  and  in  most  places  either  the  same  words,  or  such 
variations  as  occurred  to  the  second  thoughts  of  the  writer;  but 
much  is  more  copiously  illustrated  and  more  clearly  put  in  the 
latter  than  in  the  former,  while  much  also,  from  whatever  cause, 
is  withdrawn  or  considerably  modified."— Hallam's  Lit.  Hist,  of 
Europe,  ed.  1854,  ii.  530. 

As  regards  politics,  the  Leviathan  advocates  the  un 
limited  power  of  princes ;  the  Leviathan  is  the  body  politic, 
which  must  be  kept  in  chains :  in  point  of  morals,  his  prin 
ciples  tend  to  "confound  all  distinctions  between  right 
and  wrong,  and  indirectly  to  undermine  the  foundations 
of  all  religion,  natural  and  revealed."  Such  doctrines 
were  hailed  with  delight  by  the  advocates  of  despotism, 
and  libertines  of  all  classes  were  glad  to  find  an  apology 
for  their  vices  in  the  teachings  of  a  philosopher  who  en 
joyed  the  reputation  of  a  sage.  The  rapid  circulation  of 
so  dangerous  a  work  elicited  the  watchful  care  of  the 
guardians  of  public  morals  and  the  press.  An  amusing 
chronicler  of  the  day  furnishes  us  with  an  appropriate 
note  upon  this  head : 

"To  my  booksellers  for  Hobbes's  Leviathan,  which  is  now 
mightily  called  for,  and  what  was  heretofore  sold  for  8s.,  I  now 
give  24s.  at  the  second  hand,  and  is  sold  for  30s..  it  being  a  book 
the  Bishop  will  not  let  be  printed  again."— Se.pt.  3,  1668  :  Pepys's 
Diary. 

The  defenders  were  not  backward  in  exposing  the  ab 
surdity  and  mischievous  tendency  of  such  speculations  : 

"Cud worth  was  one  of  those  whom  Hobbes  had  roused  by  the 
atheistic  and  immoral  theories  of  the  Leviathan,"— (Hallam's  Lit. 
Hist,  of  Europe,  iii.  304,) 

and  we  have  already  had  occasion  to  notice  his  masterly 
vindication  of  correct  principles,  (see  CUDWORTH,  RALPH, 
p.  457.)  Nor  should  we  omit  to  notice  Cumberland's  De 
Legibus  Naturae,  or  Lord  Clarendon's  Survey  of  the  Le 
viathan.  But  at  the  close  of  this  article,  where  we  shall 
have  something  more  to  say  respecting  the  character  of 
Hobbes's  political  and  moral  philosophy,  we  ,3hall  give  a  list 
of  the  principal  opponents  of  his  pernicious  speculations. 
7.  Letter  about  Liberty  and  Necessity,  Lon.,  1654,  12mo. 
This  elicited  a  controversy  with  Archbishop  Bramhall  (see 
BRAMHALL,  JOHN,  D.D.,  p.  238)  and  Bishop  Laney.  Hobbes 
pub.  an  account  of  his  controversy  with  Bramhall,  in  1656, 
4to,  and  of  that  with  Laney,  in  1670, 12mo.  8.  Elementorum 
Philosophise:  Sectio  prima,  de  Corpore,  iv.  partibus,  1655, 
8vo;  in  English,  1656,  4to:  Sectio  secunda,  1657,  4to; 
Amst.,  1668,  4to.  This  led  to  a  twenty  years'  controversy 
between  Hobbes  and  Dr.  Wallis,  Savilian  Professor  of 
I  Geometry  at  Oxford,  in  which  Hobbes  made  himself  the 
laughing-stock  of  the  mathematicians  of  the  day,  but 
I  would  never  acknowledge  his  defeat.  He  declared  that 
he  had  discovered  the  quadrature  of  the  circle,  and  all  evi 
dence  to  the  contrary  was  answered  by  the  foulest  personal 
abuse.  In  defence  of  his  untenable  position,  he  pub.  a 
number  of  treatises  which  gratified  his  spleen  if  they  did 
not  convince  his  opponents.  An  account  of  this  war  will 


HOB 


HOB 


be  found  in  Disraeli's  Quarrels  of  Authors.  9.  The  Voyage 
of  Ulysses;  or,  Homer's  Odysses,  books  ix.,  x.,  xi.,  xii.,  in 
English,  Lon.,  1674,  8vo.  10.  The  Iliads  and  Odysses  of 
Homer,  in  English,  with  a  Pref.,  1675,  '77,  12mo.  Of 
this  translation,  condemned  by  Pope  and  Beattie,  three 
large  edits,  were  called  for  in  less  than  ten  years. 

"  His  poetry,  as  well  as  Ogilby's,  is  too  mean  for  criticism." — POPE. 

Pope  declares  that  Hobbes  continually  lops  off  circum 
stances,  and  now  and  then  omits  whole  similes  and  sen 
tences. 

"  Though  called  a  translation  of  Homer,  it  does  not  even  deserve 
the  name  of  poem." — Seattle's  Essay  on  Poetry  and  Music. 

Hobbes  thus  apologized  for  his  translation : 

"Why  then  did  I  write  it? — Because  I  had  nothing  else  to  do. 
Why  publish  it  ? — Because  I  thought  it  might  take  off  my  adver 
saries  from  shewing  their  folly  upon  my  more  serious  writings." 
— Hobbes  to  the  Reader. 

11.  Decameron  Physiologicum ;  or,  Ten  Dialogues  of 
Natural  Philosophy,  Ac.,  1678,  8vo.  12.  Vita  Tbomae 
Hobbes;  a  Latin  Poem,  1679,  4to;  in  English  verse,  also 
by  himself,  1680,  fol.;  in  prose,  1681,  8vo;  1682,  4to : 
Carolop.,  1681,  8vo  ;  1682,  8vo.  This  Life  was  written  in 
his  85th  year.  13.  Behemoth:  the  Hist,  of  the  Civil 
Wars  of  England  from  1640  to  1660,  Lon.,  1679,  8vo. 

"  This  history  is  in  dialogue,  and  full  of  paradoxes,  like  all  his 
other  writings.  More  philosophical,  political,^or  any  thing,  rather 
than  historical ;  yet  full  of  shrewd  observations." — BISHOP  WAR- 
BARTON. 

14.  Historia  Ecclesiastica  Carmine  Elegiaco  concinnata, 
Aug.  Trinob.,  {i.e.  London,]  1688,  Svo ;  in  English,  entit. 
a  True  Eccles.  Hist,  from  Moses  to  Luther ;  in  verse,  Ac., 
Lon.,  1722,  Svo. 

"Auctor  maxime  contra  Pontiff.  Rom.  ejusque  potestatem 
disputat,  Patres  Nicaenos  acerbe  perstringit,  monstratque  se  ab 
indifferentismo  religionum  haud  alienum  est." — WALCH. 

Hobbes  had  pub.  in  Amsterdam,  in  1668,  2  vols.  4to, 
Opera  Philosophica  quse  Latine  scripsit  omnia.  This  is  a 
beautiful  edit.  There  appeared  in  1715,  Lon.,  fol.,  his 
Moral  and  Political  Works,  with  Life,  <fec.,  with  a  Supp., 
by  Dr.  Blackbourne,  <fec.  But  a  complete  collection  of  his 
Works,  now  first  collected  and  edited  by  Sir  William  Moles- 
worth,  Bart.,  M.P.,  was  pub.  in  1839-45, 16  vols.  Svo,  £8; 
or  The  English  Works,  in  11  vols.,  £5  10*.;  Latin  Works, 
in  5  vols.,  £2  8s.  The  principal  writers  against  Hobbes 
are  Lords  Clarendon,  Shaftesbury,  and  Kames;  Arch 
bishops  Bramhall  and  Tenison;  Bishops  Cumberland, 
Butler,  Laney,  and  Lucy;  Drs.  Cudworth,  Eachard,  Par 
ker,  Henry  Moore,  Hutcheson,  and  Samuel  Clarke;  Sir 
James  Mackintosh,  James  Harrington,  Dugald  Stewart, 
Smith,  and  Brown.  It  is  almost  needless  to  state  that 
such  an  array  of  talent  was  hardly  necessary  for  the  con 
futation  of  the  sophisms  and  absurdities  which  mingle  so 
strangely  with  the  evidences  of  uncommon  acumen  and 
philosophical  shrewdness  which  so  eminently  distinguished 
the  intellectual  speculations  of  this  great  writer.  His  in 
consistency  was  not  confined  to  his  writings;  for  he  was 
in  the  habit  of  the  frequent  reception  of  the  eucharist, 
whilst  promulgating  opinions  subversive  of  Christianity : 
which  reminds  us  of  his  declaration  that  "  Holy  Scripture 
is  the  voice  of  God,  ruling  all  things  by  the  greatest  right," 
whilst  he  yet  taught  men  to  cast  the  Scriptures  to  the  winds 
at  the  command  of  their  earthly  ruler. 

"  Thought  is  free,"  he  tells  us ;  "  but  when  it  comes  to  confession 
of  faith,  the  private  reason  must  submit  to  the  public, — that  is  to 
say,  to  God's  lieutenant." — De  Give;  Ltviatiian. 

The  mischievous  effects  of  his  doctrines  in  his  own 
generation  are  graphically  described  by  Mr.  Macaulay  in 
his  History  of  England,  now  passing  through  the  press, 
(see  vol.  i.  chap.  2 ;)  and  the  philosophers  of  our  own 
day  have  confirmed  the  censure  which  rebuked  the  first 
publication  of  his  errors  : 

"  Before  dismissing  the  system  of  Hobbes,  it  may  be  worth  while 
to  remark  that  all  his  leading  principles  are  traced  by  Cudworth 
to  the  remains  of  the  ancient  sceptics,  by  some  of  whom,  as  well 
as  by  Hobbes,  they  seem  to  have  been  adopted  from  a  wish  to  flatter 
the  uncontrolled  passions  of  sovereigns." — DUGALD  STEWART  :  1st 
Prelim.  Dissert,  to  Encyc.  Brit. 

"Hobbes  having  thus  struck  the  affections  out  of  his  map  of 
human  nature,  and  having  totally  misunderstood  (as  will  appear 
in  a  succeeding  part  of  this  Dissertation)  the  nature  even  of  the 
appetites,  it  is  no  wonder  that  we  should  find  in  it  not  a  trace  of 
the  moral  sentiments.  Moral  good  he  considers  merely  as  con 
sisting  in  the  signs  of  a  power  to  produce  pleasure;  and  repent 
ance  is  no  more  than  regret  at  having  missed  the  way;  so  that, 
according  to  this  system,  a  disinterested  approbation  of  and  re 
verence  for  virtue  are  no  more  possible  than  disinterested  affec 
tions  towards  our  fellow-creatures." — SIR  JAMES  MACKINTOSH  :  2d 
Prelim.  Dissert,  to  Encyc.  Brit. 

"The  political  system  of  Hobbes,  like  his  moral  system,  of 
which,  in  fact,  it  is  only  a  portion,  sears  up  the  heart.  It  takes 
away  the  sense  of  wrong,  that  has  consoled  the  wise  and  good  in 
their  dangers,  the  proud  appeal  of  innocence  under  oppression, 
like  that  of  Prometheus  to  the  elements,  uttered  to  the  witnessing 
•world,  in  coming  ages,  to  the  just  ear  of  Heaven.  It  confounds 


the  principles  of  moral  approbation,, the  notions  of  good  and  ill 
desert,  in  a  servile  idolatry  of  the  monstrous  Leviathan  it  creates, 
and,  after  sacrificing  all  right  at  the  altar  of  power,  denies  to  the 
Omnipotent  the  prerogative  of  dictating  the  laws  of  his  own  wor 
ship."—  HaUam's  Lit.  Hist,  of  Europe,  ed.  1854,  ii.  542. 

See  also  an  able  review  of  the  writings  of  Hobbes,  in 
the  Brit.  Quar.  Rev.,  vi.  155-188 ;  and  respecting  our  au 
thor  generally,  in  addition  to  the  authorities  just  cited, 
consult  Biog.  Brit. ;  General  Diet. ;  Burnet's  Own  Times ; 
Blount's  Censura  Celebriorum  Authorum ;  Life,  prefixed  to 
Wood's  Annals;  Bliss's  Wood's  Athen.  Oxon.;  Leland's 
Deistical  Writers;  Aubrey's  Letters,  1813,  3  vols.  Svo; 
Chalmers's  Biog.  Diet.;  Watt's  Bibl.  Brit;  Snicker's 
Hist.  Philos. ;  Cousin's  Course  of  the  Hist,  of  Mod.  Philos.  ; 
Mill's  Logic ;  Brougham's  Polit.  Philos. ;  Morell's  Hist, 
of  Mod.  Philos.;  Butler's  Lects.  on  Ancient  Philos.; 
Blakey's  Hist,  of  Philos. ;  Lewes's  Biog.  Hist,  of  Philos. ; 
Landor's  Imaginary  Conversations ;  Cunningham's  Biog. 
Hist,  of  Eng. ;  McCulloch's  Lit.  of  Polit.  Econ. ;  Black- 
wood's  Mag.,  xvii.  736 ;  xix.  583 ;  xxi.  205 ;  xxviii.  646  ; 
xxix.  775,  848. 

A  man  of  such  remarkable  mental  ability  and  uncom 
mon  intellectual  force  could  not  but  command  a  respectful 
hearing,  even  from  those  who  the  most  deeply  regretted  the 
mischievous  character  of  his  speculations.  His  most  illus 
trious  opponent  approaches  the  lists  not  without  undis 
guised  hesitation : 

"  Mr.  Hobbes  is  one  of  the  oldest  friends  I  have  in  the  world, 
and  for  whom  I  have  always  had  a  great  esteem,  as  a  man  who, 
besides  his  eminent  learning  and  knowledge,  has  been  always 
thought  a  man  of  probity  and  free  from  scandal ;  but  when  I  re 
flected  upon  the  mischievous  principles  scattered  through  his 
Leviathan,  I  felt  myself  obliged  to  make  these  animadversions 
upon  it." — Clarendon's  Survey,  p.  3. 

An  eminent  prelate,  and  a  most  unscrupulous  "man  of 
war  from  his  youth,"  displays  no  indisposition  to  allow 
the  philosopher  all  that  he  could  justly  claim  : 

"  Here  let  us  do  justice  to  that  great  man's  memory,  at  a  time 
when  his  writings  seem  to  be  entirely  neglected,  who,  with  all  his 
errors,  we  must  allow  to  be  one  of  the  first  men  of  his  age  for  a 
bright  wit,  a  deep  penetration,  and  a  cultivated  understanding." 
— BISHOP  WARBURTON. 

Mr.  Mill,  who  was  one  of  the  first  to  call  the  attention 
of  modern  readers  to  the  writings  of  this  philosopher, 
remarks : 

"  Hobbes  is  a  great  name  in  philosophy,  on  account  both  of  the 
value  of  what  he  taught,  and  the  extraordinary  impulse  which  he 
communicated  to  the  spirit  of  Free  Inquiry  in  Europe." 

To  the  same  effect,  Mr.  Hallam  observes  : 

"In  nothing  does  Hobbes  deserve  more  credit  than  in  having 
set  an  example  of  close  observation  in  the  philosophy  of  the  hu 
man  mind." — Lit.  Hist,  of  Europe. 

Mr.  Macaulay,  also,  referring  to  the  young  men  of  dis 
tinguished  talents  who  were  sometimes  the  companions  of 
Bacon's  retirement,  remarks  that 

"  Among  them  his  quick  eye  soon  discerned  the  superior  abilities 
of  Thomas  Hobbes.  It  is  not  probable,  however,  that  he  fully  ap 
preciated  the  powers  of  his  disciple,  or  foresaw  the  .vast  influence 
both  for  good  and  evil  which  that  most  vigorous  and  acute  of  hu 
man  intellects  was  destined  to  exercise  on  the  two  succeeding 
generations."— Edin.  Rev.,  July,  1837 ;  and  in  the  Essays,  ii.  193. 

Again,  in  the  History  of  England,  the  same  learned 
critic  tells  us  that 

"Thomas  Hobbes  had,  in  language  more  precise  and  luminous 
than  has  ever  been  employed  by  any  other  metaphysical  writer, 
maintained  that  the  will  of  the  prince  was  the  standard  of  right 
and  wrong." — Vol.  i.  chap.  11. 

"Thomas  Hobbes,  a  man  of  much  learning,  more  thinking,  and 
not  a  little  knowledge  of  the  world,  was  one  of  the  most  celebrated 
and  admired  authors  of  his  age.  His  style  is  incomparably  better 
than  that  of  any  other  writer  in  the  reign  of  Charles  I.,  and  was, 
for  its  uncommon  strength  and  purity,  scarce  equalled  in  the  suc 
ceeding  reign." — GRANGER  :  Biog.  Hist,  of  Eng. 

The  popularity  of  this  writer  was  undoubtedly  greatly 
owing  to  this  remarkable  purity  of  style : 

"A  permanent  foundation  of  his  fame  remains  in  his  admirable 
style,  which  seems  to  be  the  very  perfection  of  didactic  language. 
Short,  clear,  precise,  pithy,  his  language  never  has  more  than  one 
meaning,  which  it  never  requires  a  second  thought  to  take.  By 
the  help  of  his  exact  method  it  takes  so  firm  a  hold  on  the  mind, 
that  it  will  not  allow  attention  to  slacken."— -SiR  JAMES  MACKIN 
TOSH  :  ubi  supra. 

"  His  language  is  so  lucid  and  concise,  that  it  would  be  almost 
as  improper  to  put  an  algebraical  process  in  different  terms  aa 
some  of  his  metaphysical  paragraphs." — HALLAM  :  ubi  supra. 

As  a  political  economist,  also,  the  claims  of  our  author 
are  not  to  be  forgotten  : 

"  Hobbes  seems  to  have  been  one  of  the  first  who  had  any  thing 
like  a  distinct  perception  of  the  real  source  of  wealth." — McOul- 
loch's  Lit.  of  Polit.  Econ.,  q.  v. 

With  such  powers  for  extensive  usefulness  to  his  race, 
how  melancholy  is  it  to  be  obliged  to  record  of  this  great 
philosopher,  in  the  language  of  Hume,  (certainly  not  a 
suspicious  witness,)  that 

"  Hobbes's  politics  are  fitted  only  to  promote  tyranny,  and  his 
ethics  to  encourage  licentiousness."— Hist,  of  England,  Bowyer's 
ed.,  iv.  669. 


HOB 


HOD 


Hobbs,  Stephen.  Margarita  Chirurgica,  Lon.,  1610, 
12mo.  In  English. 

Hobby,  William,  minister  of  Reading,  Mass.,  d. 
1765,  aged  57,  pub.  a  serm.  and  several  theolog.  treatises, 
1745,  '46,  '47,  '51. 

Hobby.     See  HOBT. 

Hobhouse,  Sir  Benjamin,  1757-1831,  M.P.,  edu 
cated  at  Brazenose  College,  Oxford,  was  from  1797  to  1818 
a  distinguished  member  of  the  House  of  Commons,  and 
filled  several  important  posts.  1.  Treat,  on  Heresy,  Lon., 
1792,  8vo.  2.  Reply  to  Randolph's  Lett,  to  Dr.  Priestley, 
Ac.,  1793,  8vo.  3.  Enquiry  rel.  to  crime  of  Compassing, 
Ac.  the  King's  Death,  1795,  8vo.  4.  Remarks  on  several 
Parts  of  France,  Italy,  Ac.,  1783-85,  Bath,  1796,  8vo.  See 
Lon.  Gent.  Mag.,  Oct.  and  Dec.  1831. 

Hobhouse,  Sir  John  Cam,  M.P.,  son  of  the  pre 
ceding,  was  created  a  peer  in  1851,  by  the  title  of  Lord 
Broughton.  1.  Imitations  and  Trans,  from  the  Classics, 
with  orig.  Poems,  Lon.,  1809,  8vo.  2.  Journey  through 
Albania  and  other  Provinces  of  Turkey,  with  Lord  Byron, 
1812,  4to  ;  2d  ed.,  1813, 2  vols.  4to  ;  with  col'd  plates,  £5  5s. 

"  An  account  which,  interesting  from  its  own  excellence  in  every 
merit  that  should  adorn  such  a  work,  becomes  still  more  so  from 
the  feeling  that  Lord  Byron  is,  as  it  were,  present  through  its  pages, 
and  that  we  there  follow  his  first  youthful  footsteps  into  the  land 
with  whose  name  he  has  intertwined  his  own  forever." — Moore's 
Life  of  Byron. 

See  Lon.  Quar.  Rev.,  x.  175-203 ;  Stevenson's  Voyages 
and  Travels  ;  Dibdin's  Lib.  Comp. 

The  3d  ed.  of  the  Journey  through  Albania,  Ac.  made 
its  appearance  in  1856,  2  vols.  8vo ;  £1  10s. 

"  Mr.  Hobhouse's  account  of  the  country,  as  it  was  the  first,  is 
still  the  best  that  we  possess." — Lon.  Lit.  Gazette,  1856. 

3.  Last  Reign  of  Napoleon,  1816,  2  vols.  8vo.  4.  His 
torical  Illustrations  of  the  fourth  Canto  of  Childe  Harold, 
1818,  8vo. 

"  He  [Lord  Byron]  talked  in  terms  of  high  commendation  of  the 
talents  and  acquirements  of  Mr.  Hobhouse." — Lady  Blessingtori's 
Conversations  with  Lord  Byron. 

"  My  friend  H.  is  the  most  entertaining  of  companions,  and  a 
fine  fellow  to  boot." — LORD  BYRON:  Moore's  Life  of  Byron,  q.  v. 

See  also  Blackw.  Mag.,  xvii.  143  ;  xxvii.  425 ;  xxxv.  63 ; 
Hobhouse's  art.  on  Lord  Byron,  in  Westminster  Review; 
Dr.  R.  S.  Mackenzie's  ed.  of  Noctes  Ambrosianae,  N.  York, 
1855  ;  his  ed.  of  The  O'Doherty  Pap.,  1855.  An  article  on 
Sir  John,  with  a  portrait,  will  be  found  in  Eraser's  Mag., 
xiii.  568;  see  also  Blackw.  Mag.,  xxiv.  375;  xxvi.  252; 
xxix.  654,  663  ;  xxxiii.  425 ;  xxxvii.  442  ;  xli.  840 ;  BYRON. 

Hobhouse,  Thomas.  1.  Elegy  to  tbe  Memory  of 
Dr.  Samuel  Johnson,  Lon.,  1785,  4to.  2.  Kingestown  Hill; 
a  Poem,  1784, 4to.  Anon.  2d  ed.,  with  author's  name,  1 787. 

Hobler,  F.  Liber  Mercatoris;  or,  the  Merchant's 
Manual,  Lon.,  1838,  fp.  8vo.  On  Bills  of  Exchange,  Ac. 
See  2  Jurist,  352. 

Hobler,  P.,  Jr.  1.  Exercises  between  an  Attorney 
and  his  Clerk,  being  the  1st  Book  of  Coke  upon  Littleton, 
Ac. ;  3d  ed.,  Lon.,  1847, 12mo.  2.  Practical  Treat  on  Bills 
of  Exchange,  fp.  8vo. 

"A  safe  guide  to  the  unpractised  traveller,  as  well  as  of  utility 
to  the  man  of  business." — Lon.  Times. 

Hoblyn,  Richard  D.  1.  Manual  of  Chemistry, 
Lon.,  1841,  fp.  8vo.  2.  Manual  of  the  Steam  Engine, 
1842,  12mo.  3.  Diet,  of  Medical  Terms,  2d  ed.,  1844, 
12mo ;  7th  ed.,  1855,  12mo.  Amer.  eds.,  by  ISAAC  HAYS, 
M.D.,  q.  v.,  p.  809.  4.  Treat,  on  Chemistry,  1844,  12mo. 

"  This  is  an  excellent  compendium." — Lon.  Lancet. 

5.  Diet,  of  Scientific  Terms,  1849,  12mo.  6.  British 
Plants,  1851,  12mo.  7.  Treat,  on  Botany,  1851,  12mo. 

Hobson,  Capt.  Fallacy  of  Infant  Baptism,  Lon., 
1645,  4to.  ' 

Hobson,  John.  Theolog.  treatises,  Lon.,  1787,  '90, 
both  8vo. 

Hobson,  Joseph.  Wonderful  Increase  of  the  Seeds 
of  Plants,  e.g.  of  the  Upright  Mellon ;  Phil.  Trans.,  1742. 

Hobson,  L.  J.     Circulation  of  the  Scriptures,  1812. 

Hobson,  Paul.  Extent  of  Christ's  Death,  Lon., 
1655,  8vo. 

Hobson,  Samuel.  Theolog.  treatises,  Lon.,  1848-50. 

Hobson,  Thomas.     Christianity,  Lon.,  1745,  4to. 

Hoby,  Sir  Edward,  entered  of  Trin.  Coll.,  Oxford, 
1574,  a  man  of  great  learning,  was  the  son  of  Sir  Thomas 
Hoby.  He  pub.  Purgatorie's  Triumph  over  Hell,  1609, 
4to,  and  several  other  theolog.  treatises;  for  an  account 
of  which,  and  their  author,  see  Bliss's  Wood's  Athen.  Oxon., 
ii.  194-197.  He  was  a  friend  of  Camden,  who  dedicated 
his  Hibernia  to  him. 

Hoby,  Sir  Thomas,  father  of  the  preceding,  and 
ambassador  for  Queen  Elizabeth  to  France,  trans.  Casti- 
glione's  Cortegiano  into  English,  under  the  title  of  The 
Courtyer  of  Covnt  Baldessar  Castilio,  Lon.,  1561,  '88,  4to  ; 


and  also  trans,  the  Gratulation,  Ac.  of  Bucer  into  Eng 
lish,  sine  anno,  8vo.  See  Bliss's  Wood's  Athen.  Oxon.,  i. 
352-353.  Respecting  the  first-named  work,  Sir  John 
Cheke  wrote  Hoby  an  interesting  epistle,  in  which  he 
gently  censures  his  use  of  foreign  words. 

Hoccham,  William  of.     See  OCCAM. 

Hoccleve,  or  Occleve,  Thomas,  an  early  English 
poet,  a  lawyer,  and  writer  to  the  privy-seal,  id  supposed 
to  have  been  born  about  1370,  and  to  have  died  in  1454. 
Some  of  his  poems  were  pub.  (never  before  printed)  in 
1796,  4to,  by  Mr.  George  Mason,  from  a  MS.  in  his  pos 
session.  The  Story  of  Jonathan  has  been  thought  his 
best  poem. 

"  After  the  death  of  Chaucer,  in  1400,  a  dreary  blank  of  long 
duration  occurs  in  our  annals.  The  poetry  of  Hoccleve  is 
wretchedly  bad,  abounding  with  pedantry,  and  destitute  of  all 
grace  or  spirit.'' — Hallam's  Lit.  Hist,  of  Europe. 

See  also  Pref.  to  Mason's  edit. ;  Warton's  Hist,  of  Eng. 
Poet. ;  Nott's  Dissert,  subjoined  to  the  2d  vol.  of  his 
Wyatt  and  Surrey  ;  Chalmers's  Biog.  Diet. 

I  loch  in .  or  Hockin,  Rev.  John  Pearce.  Keates's 
Account  of  the  Pellew  Islands,  5th  ed.,  Lon.,  1803,  4to. 

Hochsteller,  C.,  Lutheran  pastor,  Toledo,  Ohio. 
Ob  Gottes  Wort  oder  Menschen  Meinung  gelteu  soli  in 
der  Lehre  vom  heiligen  Abendmahle,  N.  York,  1856. 

Hodden,  Richard.  The  one  Good  Way  of  God, 
Lon.,  1661,  4to. 

Hodder,  James.    Arithmetic,  Lon.,  1661,  '87,  8vo. 

Hoddesdon,  Henry.  Armory  against  Satan,  Lon., 
1616,  8vo. 

Hoddesdon,  John.  1.  Sion  and  Parnassus,  Ac., 
Lon.,  1650,  8vo.  2.  Tho.  Mori,  Vita  et  Exitus,  1652,  8vo. 

Hodge.     The  Scot's  Colony  at  Darien,  1699,  8vo. 

Hodge,  A.  Letters  belonging  to  a  System  of  Book 
keeping  and  Accounts,  1812. 

Hodge,  Charles,  D.D.,  an  eminent  theologian,  b.  in 
Philadelphia,  Dec.  28, 1797,  Professor  of  Biblical  Litera 
ture  in  the  (Presbyterian)  Theological  Seminary  at  Prince 
ton,  New  Jersey,  has  been  connected  with  that  institution 
as  a  professor  since  1822,  and  acted  as  editor  of  the  Biblical 
Repertory  and  Princeton  Review  since  its  establishment 
in  1825.  1.  Comment,  on  the  Epistle  to  the  Romans;  de 
signed  for  Students  of  the  English  Bible,  Phila.,  .1835, 
8vo.  Abridged,  1836.  Reprint  of  the  Abridgt.  by  the 
Lon.  Rel.  Tract  Soc.,  1837,  '53,  12mo. 

"Omitting  a  few  sentences  of  a  local  nature." 

Repub.  in  the  Edin.  Christian's  Fireside  Library,  1854, 
12mo;  15th  Amer.  ed.,  Phila.,  1856. 

"  Very  useful."— BickerstdWs  C.  S. 

"  A  book  on  which  the  Christian  world,  both  in  Europe  and 
America,  has  placed  the  stamp  of  approval."—  Watchman  and  Ob 
server,  Richmond,  Va. 

2.  Questions  to  the  Epistle  to  the  Romans,  designed  to 
accompany  the  Commentary,  1842,  18mo;  10th  ed.,  1855, 
18mo.  3.  Constitutional  Hist,  of  the  Presbyterian  Church 
in  the  United  States,  1840,  2  vols.  8vo.  4.  The  Way  of 
Life,  18mo.  Pub.  by  the  Amer.  S.  S.  Union.  Repub.  by 
the  Lon.  Rel.  Tract  Soc.,  1842,  18mo ;  30th  Amer.  ed., 
Phila.,  1856.  5.  What  is  Presbyteriamstn  ?  an  Address 
delivered  before  the  Presbyterian  Historical  Society, 
1855,  18mo.  6.  A  Commentary  on  the  Epistle  to  the 
Ephesians,  N.  York,  1856,  8vo. 

"  As  the  reputation  of  Dr.  Hodge  as  a  Biblical  scholar  and  theo 
logian  has  already  been  fully  established,  we  need  only  announce 
a  new  work  from  his  pen  to  insure  its  ready  reception.  His 
Commentary  on  the  Ephesians  displays  the  ripe  scholarship,  the 
convincing  exegesis,  and  the  practical  development,  which  im 
parted  such  value  to  his  exposition  of  the  Epistle  to  the  Romans. 
It  is  a  book  for  the  study  of  the  scholar,  and  yet  most  happily 
adapted  for  the  instruction  of  general  readers,  by  whom  it  should 
be  promptly  purchased.  While  we  do  not  regard  any  man  as  in 
fallible,  we  know  of  no  one  who  is  a  safer  guide  to  the  study  of 
the  Scriptures  than  Professor  Hodge."— Presbyterian. 

7.  Commentary  on  the  First  Epistle  to  the  Corinthians, 
N.Y.,  1857, 12mo  :  see  ALEXANDER,  JOSEPH  ADDISON,  D.D. 
8.  Reviews  and  Essays  selected  from  the  Princeton  Review, 
N.Y.,  1857,  8vo.  See  Home's  Bibl.  Bib.  for  a  descriptive 
account  of  the  valuable  periodical  for  so  many  years  con 
ducted  by  Dr.  Hodge, — The  Biblical  Repertory  and  Prince 
ton  Review.  The  Biblical  Repertory  was  pub.  1825-29  inc.  ; 
since  then  it  has  been  a  theological  Quarterly,  entitled  The 
Biblical  Repertory  and  Princeton  Review.  Selections  from 
this  journal  have  been  pub.  in  two  vols.,  N.Y.,  8vo,  entitled 
Princeton  Theological  Essays.  One  of  the  volumes  waa 
repub.  in  Scotland. 

Hodge,  John,  a  Dissenting  minister.  1.  Serm.,  Lon., 
1751.  2.  Serm.,  1751,  8vo.  3.  XX.  Serms.  on  the  Evi 
dences  of  the  Christian  Religion,  1758,  8vo.  4.  LII.  Dis 
courses  on  the  Evidences  of  the  Christian  Religion,  1758, 
8vo. 


HOD 

"  A  valuable  set  of  discourses.  They  are  written  in  a  compre 
hensive,  judicious,  and  nervous  manner,  and  have  been  highly 
spoken  of  by  good  judges." — WALTER  WILSON. 

"  From  the  Extracts  we  have  given,  they  shew  the  Author  to 
be  no  mean  defender  of  Christianity."— Lon.  Month.  Rev. 
b.  Serm.,  1763,  8vo. 

Hodge,  Paul  R.  1.  Principles  and  Application  of 
the  Steam  Engine,  Lon.,  4to.  2.  Treat,  on  Expansive 
Steam  Engine,  with  plates,  1849,  4to;  £3  3«.  plain;  £4 
4«.  col'd  ;  Arner.  ed.,  N.  York,  letter-press,  8vo,  plates, 
fol.,  $8.  A  most  useful  work,  which  no  one  interested  in 
steamers  should  be  without.  3.  Hydraulic  Table  for  the 
use  of  Engineers,  Lon.,  1849. 

Hodges,  A.  D.  Genealogical  Record  of  the  Hodges 
Family  in  New  England,  Bost.,  1854,  8vo. 

Hodges,  James.  Tracts  on  Polit.  Economy,  Ac., 
1697-1710. 

Hodges,  Charles.  Original  Poems,  Ac.,  Munich, 
1826,  12mo. 

Hodges,  N.  W.  Masonic  Fragments,  Lon.,  12mo. 
Hodges,  Nathaniel,  M.D.,  d.  1684,  was  noted  for 
his  professional  services  during  the  plague  in  London  in 
1665.  1.  Vindiciae  Medicinse  et  Medicorum,  Lon.,  1660, 
8vo.  2.  Aoifto\oyia,  sive  Pestis  nuperae  apud  populum 
Londinensem  grassantis  Narratio  historica,  1672,  8vo.  A 
trans,  into  English,  by  John  Quincy,  M.D.,  was  pub.  in 
1721,  8vo.  An  account  of  the  plague,  by  Hodges,  also, 
appeared  in  a  Collect,  of  Pieces  on  the  subject,  1721,  8vo. 
Hodges's  descriptions  are  of  great  value. 

"  He  obtained  a  great  name  and  practice  among  the  citizens." 
—Bliss's  Wood's  AUien.  Oxon.  iv.  149,  q.  v.  See  also  Genl.  Diet.; 
Rees's  Cyc. 

Hodges,  Phineas.  Strictures  on  the  Elementa 
Medicinse  of  Dr.  Brown,  Goshen,  1795,  8vo.  See  BROWN, 
JOHN,  M.D.,  p.  258. 

Hodges,  Richard.     1.  Special  Help  to  Orthogra 
phic,  Lon.,  1643,  4to.     Hodges  was  the  Noah  Webster  of 
his  day,  and  anticipated  the  modern  spelling  of   many 
words.     2.  Writing  of  English,  1649,  12mo. 
Hodges,  Thomas.    Fast  Serm.,  Lon.,  1642,  4to. 
Hodges,  Thomas,  Rector  of  Kensington,  Middle 
sex.     1.  Funl.  Serin.,  Lon.,  1655,  4to.     2.  Serm.,  1660,  4to. 
Hodges,  Thomas,  Rector  of    Souldern  Serms.  and 
theolug.  treatises,  1656-85. 

Hodges,  Thomas  Law,  M.P.  The  Use  and  Ad 
vantage  of  Pearson's  Draining  Plough,  Lon.,  1840.  See 
Donaldson's  Agricult.  Biog. 

Hodges,  W.  Hist.  Acct.  of  Ludlow  Castle,  Lon., 
1794,  1803,  8vo. 

Hodges,  Walter,  D.D.,  a  Hutchinsonian  divine, 
Provost  of  Oriel  College,  Oxford.  1.  Elihu;  or,  an  In 
quiry  into  the  principal  Scope  and  Design  of  the  Book  of 
Job,  Lon.,  1750,  4to;  1751,  Svo;  3d  ed.,  1756,  12mo.  An 
ed.,  Dubl.,  1756,  8vo. 

"The  chief  design  of  this  curious  work  is  to  show  that  Elihu 
is  the  Son  of  God  ;  a  discovery  which  the  author  imagines  throws 
great  Iigl4  on  the  whole  book,  and  solves  all  the  controversies 
which  have  been  agitated  respecting  its  doctrines." — Orme's  Bibl 
Bib. 

See  also  Warburton's  Letters  to  Hurd,  p.  22;  Lon 
Month.  Rev.,  0.  S.,  ii.  219-225,  347-352.  2.  The  Chris- 
tian  Plan  exhibited  in  the  Interpretation  of  Elohim,  1752 
4to ;  2d  ed.,  1755,  8vo.  See  Darling's  Cyc.  Bibl.,  i.  1504 
Hodges,  Wickens,  Surgeon.  Funesta,  Passionis 
Iliacse  Historia,  Partiumque  Morbosorum  post  Mortem 
Anatomia.  Vide  Memoirs  Med.,  1799. 

Hodges,  Wm.  Tracts  rel.  to  Seamen,  Ac.,  Lon. 
1694,  '95,  '96,  '99. 

Hodges,  Wm.  1.  Select  Views  in  India,  1780-83 
Lon.,  1788,  2  vols.  imp.  fol.  2.  Travels  in  India  in  1780- 
83,  4to,  1793. 

Hodges,  Wm.,  of  the  Inner  Temple,  Barrister-at- 
Law.  1.  Reports  C.  Pleas,  Hil.  to  Mich.  1835,  Lon.,  1835 
8vo.  2.  Do.,  H.  T.  1835  to  M.  T.  1837,  3  vols.  8vo,  1836- 
39.  3.  Law  of  Assess,  of  Railways,  Ac.,  1843,  12rno.  4 
Stat.  Law  rel.  to  Railways  in  Eng.  and  Ire.,  1845,  8vo 
5.  Law  rel.  to  Railways,  Ac.,  1847,  8vo.  Amer.  ed.  now 
(1856)  in  course  of  preparation  at  Phila. 

Hodgkin,  John.      Calligraphia  Graeca  et  Poecilo 

graphia  Grseca.  Lon.,  1807,  sm.  fol.     Also  works  on  Gram 

mar,  Geography,  and  Astronomy. 

Hodgkin,  Lt. Thomas,  R.N.  Naval  Discipline,1813 

Hodgkin,  Thomas,  M.D.,  of  Guy's  Hospital.     1 

Preserving  Health,  2d  ed.,  Lon.,  1841,  12mo.     2.  Morbk 

Anatomy,  8vo :  Vol.  I.,  Serous  Membranes ;  Vol.  II.,  Pt 

1,  1840,  Mucous  Membranes. 

"  It  is  in  every  respect  an  excellent  production." — Brit,  and 
Ibr.  Med.  Rev.,  July,  1837. 

Hodgkins,  E.    Mercantile  Letters.  Lon.,  1808, 12mo 


HOD 

Hodgkins,  George.  Methode  Pratique,  Ac.,  Lon., 
813,  12mo.  This  is  a  reprint  of  Ciret's  Eng.  Grammar, 
with  addits.,  Ac. 

Hodgskin,  Thomas.  Travels  in  the  North  of  Ger 
many,  Edin.,  1820,  2  vols.  8vo. 

"  Mr.  II.  has  given  us  much  information  on  the  agriculture, 
tate  of  society,  political  institutions,  manners,  Ac.;  interspersed 
with  remarks,  not  in  the  best  taste  or  indicating  the  soundest 
udgment  and  principles." — Stevenson's  Voyages  and  Travels. 

"  The  author  of  these  tomes  is  a  man  of  no  small  self-conceit." 
Blaclcwood's  Mag.,  vi.  536-542:  a  severe  review  of  the  book. 

Hodgson.     Lett.  rel.  to  a  Fishery;  2d  ed.,  1787,  Svo. 

Hodgson.     Con.  to  Med.  Chir.  Trans.,  1813. 

Hodgson,  Adam,  of  Liverpool,  England.  Remarks 
luring  a  Journey  through  N.  America  in  1819-21,  Ac. 
Collected,  arranged,  and  pub.  by  Saml.  Whiting,  N.  York, 
1823,  8vo,  pp.  355 ;  Lon.,  1824,  2  vols.  8vo. 

«•  His  book  is  creditable  to  his  heart  and  his  principles ;  we  should 
be  glad  if  as  much  could  be  said  of  his  discretion  and  judgment." 
— JARED  SPARKS  :  N.  Amer.  Rev.,  xviii.  221-234,  q.  v. 

And  see  art.  America,  by  Rev.  Sydney  Smith,  in  Edin. 
Rev.,  xl.  427-442 ;  and  in  Smith's  Works,  Lon.,  1854,  ii. 
366-385. 

Hodgson,  Bernard,  LL.D.,  Principal  of  Hertford 
College.  1.  Solomon's  Song;  trans,  from  the  Hebrew, 
Oxf.,  1785,  4to.  ^ 

"In  this  work  the  literal  meaning  only  of  Solomon's  Song  is 
.illustrated,  there  being  not  the  slightest  allusion  to  its  mystical 
meaning.  An  account  of  it,  with  extracts,  may  be  seen  in  the 
Monthly  Review,  (0.  S..)  vol.  Ixxvi.,  pp.  26-29."— Home's  Bibl.  Bib. 

See  Orme's  Bibl.  Bib. 

2.  The  Proverbs  of  Solomon ;  trans,  from  the  Hebrew, 
with  Notes,  1788,  4to. 

"  The  translations  of  the  learned  Principal  throw  light  on  many 
passages." — Orme's  Bibl.  Bib. 

"  The  notes  are  not  numerous,  and,  we  must  say,  not  very  im 
portant."— ion.  Month.  Rev.,  N.  S.,  v.  294. 

3.  Ecclesiastes  :  a  new  Trans,  from  the  original  Hebrew, 
Lon.,  1791, 4to.  See  Lon.  Month.  Rev.,  N.S.,ix.  59;  Home's 
Bibl.  Bib.,  1839,  282-283 ;  Orme's  Bibl.  Bib.,  1824, 242-243. 

Hodgson,  Christopher.  1.  Instruc.  for  the  use  of 
Candidates  for  Holy  Orders,  Ac.,  1818,  8vo;  7th  ed.,  1850, 
Svo.  2.  Augmentation  of  Small  Livings,  Ac.,  1826,  8vo; 
2d  ed.,  1845,  Svo.  Mr.  H.  has  also  pub.  several  serms. 
and  theolog.  treatises. 

Hodgson,  E.  Reports  of  Trials  at  Old  Bailey,  1790-91. 

Hodgson,  Francis,  Provost  of  Eton  College,  and 
Rector  of  Cottesford,  Oxford,  d.  1852,  aged  71,  well  known 
as  the  friend  of  Lord  Byron,  pub.  a  trans,  of  Juvenal,  1808, 
4to;  Poems,  1809,  Svo;  Mythology  for  "Versification,  4 
edits.;  Sacred  Lyrics,  1842,  12mo;  Lyricorum  Sacrorum, 
1850,  Svo;  and  some  other  works.  See  Lon.  Gent.  Mag., 
April,  1853 ;  Moore's  Life  of  Byron. 

Hodgson,  Francis,  D.D.,  of  the  Pennsylvania  Me 
thodist  Conference.  1.  An  Exam,  into  the  System  of  New 
Divinity,  or  New  School  Theology,  N.  York.  2.  The  Ec 
clesiastical  Polity  of  Methodism  Defended,  18mo.  3.  The 
Calvinistic  Doctrine  of  Predestination  Examined  and 
Refuted,  Philadelphia,  1855,  ISmo. 

Hodgson,  George.  Letter  to  the  Inhabitants  of  St 
Marygate,  Ac.,  York,  1836,  Svo. 

Hodgson,  H.  J.  1.  Analyt.  Digest  of  the  State  reL 
to  Orders  of  Removal,  Lon.,  1845,  12mo.  2.  Rating  of 
Railways,  1851,  12mo. 

Hodgson,  Rev.  Henry,  M.D.  1.  Letters  on  Popery, 
1778*  Svo.  2.  Serms.,  1778,  8vo.  3.  Effusions  in  Verse 
and  Prose,  1779,  Svo. 

Hodgson,  Isaac.     1.  Grammar,  1770,  '96,  12mo. 

2.  Serm.,  1S04. 

Hodgson,  James,  master  of  the  Royal  Mathemat. 
School  in  Christ's  Hospital.  1.  Treat,  on  Navigation,  1766, 
4to.  2.  Mathematicks,  1723,  2  yols.  4to.  3.  Fluxions, 
1736,  4to.  4.  Annuities,  1747,  Svo.  6.  Theory  of  Jupiter's 
Satellites,  1750,  4to.  6.  Chronology.  7.  Astronom.  papers 
in  Phil.  Trans.,  1731-49. 

Hodgson,  John.  Report  of  the  Trial  of  Wemms, 
Ac..  Bost.,  1770,  Svo. 

Hodgson,  John.  Ancient  Cornelian  ;  Archaeol.,  177? 

Hodgson,  John.  1.  Poems,  Lon.,  1807,  Svo.  2.  Seim., 
1812. 

Hodgson,  or  Hodson,  John,  D.D.  Serms.,  1819, 
Glasg.,  both  Svo. 

Hodgson,  John.     Funl.  Serm.,  Lon.,  1820,  Svo. 

Hodgson,  John.  Memoirs  of  the  Lives  of  Gibson, 
J.  Harle,  J.  Horsley,  and  W.  Turner,  Newc.,  1821,  sm.  Svo. 
100  copies  privately  printed  for  the  author. 

Hodgson,  John.  Hist,  of  Northumberland,  4to, 
and  large  paper,  r.  4to :  vol.  i.,  Pt.  2,  1827 ;  Pt.  3,  1820 : 
vol.  ii.,  Pt.  3,  1832;  Pt  3,  1828 :  vol.  iii.,  Pt.  2,  1841;  Pt. 

3,  1835,  (incomplete.) 


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HOF 


Hodgson,  Joseph,  Surgeon.  1.  Diseases  of  the 
Arteries  and  Veins,  Lon.,  1815,  Svo.  2,  Engravings  to 
do.,  1815,  4to. 

Hodgson,  Lucas,  M.D.  Fire  in  a  Coal  Mine ;  Phil. 
Trans.,  1676. 

Hodgson,  Read.  Honest  Man's  Companion,  New- 
castle-upon-Tyne,  1736,  8vo.  Very  rare.  Mr.  Brand,  the 
historian  of  Newcastle,  was  unable  to  procure  a  copy. 

Hodgson,  Robert,  D.D.,  Dean  of  Carlisle,  1820,  d. 
1844,  was  a  nephew  of  Bishop  Porteus.  1.  Serm.,  Lon., 
"1803,  8vo.  2.  Serm.,  1804,  4to.  3.  Serm.,  1807.  4.  Serm., 
1811.  5.  Serm.,  1816.  6.  Serin.,  1842.  7.  Life  of  Bp. 
Porteus,  1811,  8vo.  8.  Works  of  Bp.  Porteus,  1816,  6 
vols.  8vo. 

Hodgson,  Studhome,  Capt.  19th  Regt.of  Foot,  R.A. 
Truths  from  the  West  Indies,  Lon.,  1838,  p.  8vo.  This 
work  and  B.  McMahon's  Jamaica  Plantership  (1839, 12mo) 
are  described  as 

"  Birds  of  a  leather ;  books  manufactured  on  the  same  model ; 
furious  attacks  on  the  planters,  enlivened  with  horrors  to  suit  all 
appetites."— ion.  Athenaeum,  1839,  p.  131. 

Hodgson, Thomas.  Reports  of  Trials;  both  1812,8vo. 

Hodgson,  Win.,  M.D.  1.  Commonwealth  of  Reason, 
Lon.,  1795,  Svo.  2.  System  of  Nature,  1795,  Svo.  3.  Temple 
of  Apollo ;  Poems,  1796,  8vo. 

Hodgson,  Wm.     French  Grammars,  1817,  '18. 

Hodgson,  Wm.,  Jr.,  of  Philadelphia.  An  Exami 
nation  of  the  Memoirs  and  Writings  of  J.  J.  Gurney, 
Phila.,  1856. 

Hodius.     Anglic6  HODY. 

Hodskinson,  Joseph.  Instructions  to  Farmers  rel. 
to  Arable  Lands,  <fcc.,  Lon.,  1796,  8vo. 

"General  directions  on  various  points  of  occurrence." — Donald 
son's  Agricidt.  Bing. 

Hodson,  Frodsham,  D.D.,  Principal  of  Brazenose 
Coll.,  Oxf.  Eternal  Filiation  of  the  Son  of  God,  1796,  8vo. 

Hodson,  George,  Archdeacon  of  Stafford.  1.  12 
Serins,  on  Christian  Temper,  <fcc.,  Lon.,  1828,  '29,  12mo. 

2.  27  Discourses,  Binning.,  8vo.    See  Lowndes's  Brit.  Lib., 
915.     Other  publications. 

Hodson,  James,  M.D.  Theolog.  treatises,  1787-1801. 

Hodson,  John,  D.D.     See  HODGSON. 

Hodson,  Mrs.  Margaret,  formerly  Miss  Holford, 
a  daughter  of  Mrs.  M.  Holford,  (post,)  of  Chester,  England. 
1.  Wallace,  or  the  Flight  of  Falkirk;  a  Poem,  Lon.,  1809, 
4to;  1810,  8vo.  Anon.  2.  Miscellaneous  Poems,  1811,  8vo. 

3.  Margaret  of  Anjou;  a  Poem  in  10  cantos,  1816,  4to. 
The  poems  of  this  lady  have  been  admired. 

Hodson,  Phineas,  D.D.  Serm.,  Ps.  xxvii.  4,  Lon., 
1628,  4to. 

Hodson,  Septimus,  Rector  of  Thrapston.  1.  Serm., 
Lon.,  1789,  Svo.  2.  Serms.,  1792,  8vo. 

"Contain  many  just  observations  and  useful  reflections."— 
Lon.  Month.  Rev. 

3.  High  Price  of  Provisions,  1795,  Svo.  4.  2  Discourses, 
1795,  8vo. 

Hodson,  Thomas.  Remarks  on  Medical  Advice,  by 
Philip  Stone,  M.D.,  Lon.,  1784,  8vo. 

Hodson,  Thomas.  1.  Cabinet  of  the  Arts,  1803-06, 
4to.  2.  The  Accomplished  Tutor;  or,  Complete  System 
of  Education,  2  vols.  Svo. 

Hodson,  W.     Fables  in  Prose  and  Verse,  1801, 12mo. 

Hodson,  Wm.  1.  Trac.  on  XI.  Art.  Apostles'  Creed, 
Lon.,  1636,  12mo.  2.  Credo  Resurrectionem  Carnis,  1636. 

Hodson,  Wm.,  Vice-Master  of  Trin.  Coll.,  Cambridge, 
d.  1793.  1.  Ded.  of  Solomon's  Temple ;  a  Poetical  Essay, 
Lon.,  1772,  4to.  2.  Observ.  on  Greek  Tragedy. 

Hody,  Edward.     Med.  con.  to  Phil.  Trans.,  1735. 

Hody,  Humphrey,  1659-1706,  a  native  of  Odcoinbe, 
Somerset,  entered  of  Wadham  College,  Oxford,  1676,  and 
chosen  Fellow,  1684;  Rector  of  St.  Michael's,  London, 
1693;  Prof,  of  Greek  in  Univ.  Oxford,  1698;  Archdeacon 
of  Oxford,  1704.  His  most  noted  works  are  the  following  :— 
1.  Dissertation  against  Aristeus's  Hist,  of  the  Seventy-two 
Interpreters,  1680  ;  Oxon.,  1684,  Svo. 

"Written  in  opposition  to  Isaac  Vossius,  and  completely  suc 
ceeds  in  destroying  the  credit  of  the  lying  fable  of  the  Jew  respect 
ing  the  Septuagint."—  Orme's  BiU.  Bib. 

Vossius  attacked  this  work  in  an  Appendix  to  his  Pom- 
ponius  Mela,  and  Hody  responded  when  he  pub.  a  new 
ed.  of  his  Dissertation  in  his  De  Bibliorum  Textibus  Ori- 
ginalibus.  See  No.  5.  2.  Prolegomena  to  John  Malela's 
Chronicle,  printed  at  Oxford,  1691,  Svo.  The  Prolegomena 
•was  written  in  1689.  3.  Hist,  of  English  Councils  and 
Convocations,  Ac.,  Lon.,  1701,  Svo.  4.  The  Resurrection 
of  the  same  Body  asserted,  1694,  Svo.  6.  De  Bibliorum 
Textibus  Originalibus,  versionibus  Grsecis,  et  Latina  Vul- 
gata,Libri  Quatuor,  Oxon.,  1705,  fol. 


"  This  is  the  classical  work  on  the  Septuagint.  .  .  .  Among  the 
writers  on  the  Septuagint  version,  no  one  has  displayed  either 
more  knowledge  of  the  subject  or  more  critical  sagacity  than 
Hody."— BISHOP  MARSH. 

"  It  examines  with  great  accuracy,  and  discusses  with  much 
learning  and  ability,  every  question  relating  to  the  age,  the 
authors,  the  character  and  progress  of  that  celebrated  version. 
All  subsequent  writers  have  been  greatly  indebted  to  this  work 
of  Body."—  Orme's  Bibl.  Bib.  See  Home's  Bibl.  Bib. 

6.  De  Grsecis  Illustribus  Linguae  Graeca  instauratoribus, 
Ac.,  Lon.,  1742,  Svo.  Posth.  Pub.  from  Body's  MSS.  by 
Dr.  S.  Jebb.  This  erudite  work  contains  an  account  of 
those  learned  Grecians  who  retired  to  Italy  about  the  time 
of  the  taking  of  Constantinople  by  the  Turks,  and  re 
stored  the  Greek  tongue  and  learning  in  those  western 
parts. 

"  Hody  was  perhaps  the  first  who  threw  much  light  on  the  early 
studies  of  Greek  in  Italy;  and  his  book,  De  Grsecis  illustribus 
linguae  Grsecae  instauratoribus,  will  be  read  with  pleasure  and  ad 
vantage  by  every  lover  of  literature;  though  Menus,  who  came 
with  more  exuberant  erudition  to  the  subject,  has  pointed  out  a 
few  errors.  But  more  is  to'be  found  as  to  its  native  cultivators, 
Hody  being  chiefly  concerned  with  the  Greek  refugees,  in  Bayle's 
Fabricius,  Niceron,  Mehus,  Zeno,  Tiraboschi,  Meiners,  Koscoe, 
Heeren,  Shepherd,  Corniani,  Ginguene,  and  the  Biographie 
Universelle,  whom  I  name  in  chronological  order."— Hallani's 
Lit.  Hist,  of  Europe,  ed.  1854,  i.  100,  n. 

See  Hody's  Life,  prefixed  to  No.  6;  Biog.  Brit;  Birch's 
Tillotson ;  Chalmers's  Hist,  of  Oxford. 

Hoffman,  Charles  Fenno,  b.  in  the  city  of  New 
York  in  1806,  a  son  of  Judge  Josiah  Ogden  Hoffman,  and 
a  brother  of  the  eminent  lawyer,  Ogden  Hoffman,  entered 
Columbia  College  at  the  age  of  fifteen,  and  was  admitted 
to  the  New  York  Bar  when  twenty-one.  After  three  years 
of  legal  practice,  Mr.  Hoffman  determined  to  indulge  to 
its  full  extent  the  strong  inclination  which  he  had  always 
entertained  for  literary  pursuits;  and  he  accordingly 
abandoned  Coke  and  Blackstone  for  the  more  congenial 
fields  of  Romance  and  Poetry.  He  has  since  given  to  the 
world— 1.  A  Winter  in  the  West,  New  York,  1835,  2  vols. 
12mo;  Lon.,  1835,  2  vols.  p.  Svo. 

"It  has  since  passed  through  several  editions,  and  will  con 
tinue  to  be  admired  so  long  as  graphic  delineations  of  nature, 
spirited  sketches  of  men  and  manners,  and  richness  and  purity 
of  style,  are  appreciated." — R.  W.  GRISWOLD  :  Prose  Writers  of 
America. 

2.  Wild  Scenes  in  Forest  and  Prairie,  Lon.,  (1837?) 
1839,  2  vols.  p.  Svo.  With  addits.,  N.  York,  1S43,  2  vols. 
12mo.  3.  Greyslaer;  a  Romance  of  the  Mohawk,  1840, 
'49,  12mo.  This  is  founded  on  the  celebrated  criminal 
trial  of  Beauchamp  for  the  murder  of  Colonel  Sharpe,  of 
Kentucky. 

"  It  happily  blends  historical  facts  connected  with  the  border- 
annals  of  our  State  with  the  fictitious  story  of  love,  and  displays 
the  powers  of  a  master-painter  of  human  passion.  We  regard 
the  author  of  this  book  as  one  of  the  best  writers  in  the  country." 
— Southern  Literary  Messenger. 

Greyslaer  met  with  remarkable  success;  two  edits,  were 
printed  in  New  York,  one  in  Phila.,  and  a  fourth  in  Lon 
don,  in  the  same  year.  Mr.  William  Gilmore  Sims  has 
since  pub.  a  novel — Beauchampe — founded  on  the  same 
tragical  incidents. 

4.  The  Vigil  of  Faith,  a  Legend  of  the  Adirondack 
Mountains;  and  other  Poems,  N.York,  1842,12mo.  Several 
edits,  have  been  pub.  in  America  and  England.  5.  The 
Echo ;  or,  Borrowed  Notes  for  Home  Circulation,  Phila., 
1844.  The  title  of  this  work  was  suggested  by  some  re 
marks  in  an  article,  on  Griswold's  Poets  and  Poetry  of 
America,  in  the  Foreign  Quarterly  Review,  in  which  the 
reviewer  charges  Hoffman  with  borrowing  largely  from 
Moore.  6.  Lays  of  the  Hudson,  and  other  Poems,  N.  York, 
32mo.  7.  Love's  Calendar,  and  other  Poems,  1848.  This 
vol.  contains  a  more  complete  collection  of  his  lyrical 
compositions  than  will  be  found  in  the  Echo.  Mr.  Hoff 
man  prepared  for  publication  another  novel,  entitled  The 
Red  Spur  of  Ramapo;  but  the  MS.  was  destroyed  by  the 
carelessness  of  a  servant.  In  1833  Mr.  H.  established 
that  well-known  and  excellent  Journal,  The  Knicker 
bocker  Magazine,  and  edited  a  few  numbers,  after  which 
he  transferred  it  to  the  Rev.  Timothy  Flint.  Mr.  Hoffman 
subsequently  became  proprietor  and  editor  of  the  American 
Monthly  Magazine,  (started  by  Henry  William  Herbert, 
Esq.,)  and  was  its  chief  editor  for  many  years,  during  one 
of  which  he  also  discharged  the  editorial  duties  connected 
with  the  New  York  Mirror.  In  the  former  he  pub.,  in 
1837,  a  novel  entitled  Vanderlyn.  For  about  eighteen 
months  (in  1846-47)  he  was  the  editor  of  the  New  York 
Literary  World :  see  DUYCKINCK,  EVERT  A.,  p.  535.  He 
has  also  been  a  contributor  to  the  New  Yorker,  the  Cor 
sair,  and  other  periodicals.  His  contributions  to  the  New 
York  American  (distinguished  by  a*)  whilst  its  associate- 
editor  with  Charles  King,  about  1828-30,  added  greatlj 


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to  the  reputation  of  that  journal.  Nor  must  we  omit  to 
render  our  acknowledgments  to  this  versatile  author  for 
his  historical  sketch  pub.  in  Sparks's  American  Biography, 
2d  Series,  iii.  179-238,  entitled  The  Administration  of 
Jacob  Leisler;  a  Chapter  in  American  History.  It  is  as  a 
lyrical  poet  that  Mr.  Hoffman  is  best  known  to  the  world, 
and  in  this  department  he  unquestionably  occupies  a  very 
high  rank.  Among  the  principal  favourites  of  the  songs 
•which  have  carried  his  name  so  extensively  through  the 
social  circles  of  the  land  are  Rosalie  Clare,  "Tis  Hard 
to  Share  her  Smiles  with  Many,  Sparkling  and  Bright, 
and  The  Myrtle  and  Steel. 

An  eminent  American  critic,  referring  to  this  depart 
ment  of  poetical  authorship, — the  song, — remarks  : 

';  Whatever  may  be  thought  of  i»t  as  an  order  of  writing,  I  am 
satisfied  that  Mr.  Hoffman  has  come  as  near  to  the  highest 
standard  or  idea  of  excellence  which  belongs  to  this  species  of 
composition,  as  any  American  poet  has  done  in  his  own  depart 
ment,  whatever  that  department  may  be." — R.  W.  GRISWOLD: 
Poets  and  Poetry  of  America,  16th  ed.,  1855. 

See  the  same  author's  opinion  of  Hoffman's  prose  com 
positions  in  his  Prose  Writers  of  America,  4th  ed.,  1852, 
p.  31. 

"  For  some  of  the  best  convivial,  amatory,  and  descriptive  poetry 
of  native  origin,  we  are  indebted  to  Charles  Fenno  Hoffman.  The 
woods  and  streams,  the  feast  and  the  vigil,  are  reflected  in  his 
verse  with  a  graphic  truth  and  sentiment  that  evidence  an  eye 
for  the  picturesque,  a  sense  of  the  adventurous,  and  a  zest  for 
pleasure.  He  has  written  many  admirable  scenic  pieces  that  evince 
not  only  a  careful  but  a  loving  observation  of  nature :  some 
touches  of  this  kind  in  the  Vigil  of  Faith  are  worthy  of  the  most 
celebrated  poets.  Many  of  his  songs,  from  their  graceful  flow  and 
tender  feeling,  are  highly  popular,  although  some  of  the  metres 
are  too  like  those  of  Moore  not  to  provoke  a  comparison.  They 
are,  however,  less  tinctured  with  artifice;  and  many  of  them 
have  a  spontaneous  and  natural  vitality." — H.  T.  TUCKERMAN  : 
Sketch  of  Amer.  Lit. 

In  addition  to  the  authorities  cited  above,  see  Poe's 
Literati ;  Dublin  Univ.  Mag. ;  South.  Lit.  Messeng.,  xix.  47. 

Hoffman,  David,  LL.D.,  J.U.D.,  1784-1854,  a  na 
tive  of  Baltimore,  Maryland,  an  eminent  lawyer  and  legal 
•writer,  from  1817  to  1836  Professor  of  Law  in  the  Uni 
versity  of  Maryland,  after  the  termination  of  his  connexion 
with  this  institution  resided  two  years  in  Europe,  and 
subsequently  settled  in  Philadelphia,  where  he  remained 
until  1847.  In  the  fall  of  this  year  he  again  visited 
Europe,  returning  home  in  1853.  He  died  suddenly,  of  an 
attack  of  apoplexy,  in  New  York,  November  11,  1854. 

1.  A  Course  of  Legal  Study;  respectfully  addressed  to 
the  Students  of  Law  in  the  United  States,  Bait.,  1817,  pp. 
?>83;  2d  ed.,  rewritten  and  much   enlarged,  1836,  2  vols. 
8vo.,  pp.  xvii.,  876.      The  first  ed.  was  most  favourably 
reviewed  by  Judge  Story,  in  the  North  American  Review 
for  July,  1817.  We  give  a  brief  extract  from  this  admirable 
article,   which    every    lawyer    should  peruse   with   close 
attention. 

"  Mr.  Hoffman  has  published  a  Course  of  Legal  Study,  which  he 
modestly  addresses  to  students,  but  which  is  well  worthy  the  at 
tention  of  every  gentleman  of  the  bar.  ...  In  quitting  the  work 
we  have  not  the  slightest  hesitation  to  declare  that  it  contains  by 
far  the  most  perfect  system  for  the  study  of  the  law  which  has 
ever  been  offered  to  the  publick." — N.  Amer.  Rev.,  vi.  45-77. 

Also  in  Story's  Miscellaneous  Writings,  1852,  66-92. 
And  see  Story's  Life  and  Letters,  1851,  i.  309. 

The  2d  ed.  was  reviewed  by  George  S.  Hillard,  in  the 
North  American  Review  for  January,  1838,  (xlvi.  72-82,) 
•who  commends  the  work  in  the  highest  terms ;  and  it  has 
been  rewarded  by  the  approbation  of  Marshall,  Kent,  De 
Witt  Clinton,  and  other  competent  judges  in  Europe  and 
America.  See  Pref.  Anth.  Anal,  of  Blk.,  30 ;  6  Law  Re 
corder,  426 ;  21  Law  Mag.,  1 ;  15  Amer.  Jur.,  331 ;  xviii. 
120 ;  12  Leg.  Obs.,  511;  xiii.  51 ;  Reddie's  Mar.  Com  , 
427  ;  45  N.  Amer.  Rev.,  482;  20  Amer.  Quar.  Rev.,  79; 
Marvin's  Leg.  Bibl.,  391;  9  Princ.  Rev.,  509;  Blackw. 
Mag.,  xvii.  57. 

2.  Legal  Outlines ;  being  the  Substance  of  a  Course  of 
Lectures  now  delivering  in  the  University  of  Maryland, 
in  3  vols.    Vol.  i.,  1836,  8vo,  pp.  viii.,  626.  Unfortunately, 
this  is  the  only  vol.  of  this  excellent  work  which  ever  saw 
the  light.     It  was  favourably  reviewed  by  Mr.  P.  Cruise, 
in  the  North  American   Review  for  January,  1830,  xxx. 
135-160,   q.  v. ;    and  see  also   Story's    Inaug.  Discourse, 
45,  n. ;  3  Amer.  Jur.,  86 ;  1  Ang.  L.  J.,  264 ;  36  N.  Amer. 
Rev.,  395;  4  South.  Rev.,  47;  Marvin's  Leg.  Bibl.,  390. 

3.  Miscellaneous  Thoughts  on  Men, Manners,  and  Things ; 
by   Anthony   Grumbler,  of  Grumbleton  Hall,  Esq.,  1837, 
12mo,  pp.  374.     See  N.  Amer.  Rev.,  xlv.  482-484;  Amer. 
Quar.  Rev.,  xxii.  415;  Chris.  Exam.,  xxiii.  208,  by  F.W.  P. 
Greenwood.     4.  Viator;    or,  A  Peep  into  my  Note-Book, 
1841,  12mo.     This  may  be  considered  as  a  sequel  to  No.  3! 
6.  Legal  Hints ;  being  a  condensation  of  the  leading  Ideas 


!  as  relating  to  Professional  Deportment,  contained  in  a 
Course  of  Legal  Study,  with  the  addition  of  some  Counsel 
to  Law-Students,  Phila.,  1846.  6.  Chronicles,  selected 
;  from  the  Originals  of  Cartaphilus,  the  Wandering  Jew: 
embracing  a  period  of  nearly  nineteen  Centuries.  Now 
first  revealed  to  and  edited  by  David  Hoffman,  Lon., 
I  1855,  2  vols.  8vo.  These  two  vols.  are  all  that  was  given 
\  to  the  world  of  a  work  which  was  to  have  been  extended 
I  to  6  vols.  Vol.  iii.  (concluding  Series  1,  and  reaching 
to  A.D.  573)  was  ready  for  the  press  at  the  time  of  the 
death  of  the  author.  Series  2  (vols.  iv.  v.  vi.)  were  in  a 
state  of  partial  preparation.  The  design  was  no  less  than 
a  History  of  the  World  from  the  Christian  era  to  the  pre 
sent  time.  To  the  compilation  of  this  vast  work  Mr. 
Hoffman  had  devoted  much  time,  arduous  labour,  and  a 
large  pecuniary  outlay.  This  adds  another  to  the  many 
instances  we  have  recorded  in  the  course  of  this  volume  of 
cherished  designs  frustrated,  anxious  hopes  disappointed, 
and  "  purposes  broken  off  in  the  midst."  But  if  the  solemn 
consciousness  of  the  approach  of  the  "inexorable  hour" 
warned  him  who  had  toiled  so  faithfully  for  his  genera 
tion,  that  he  must  cease  from  his  labours  ere  he  should 
enter  upon  that  goodly  heritage  of  honourable  fame  and 
extensive  usefulness  which  had  long  been  the  goal  of  hia 
ambition  in  the  preparation  of  the  great  work  of  his  life, 
he  could  yet  look  back  with  satisfaction  at  the  good  already 
accomplished  by  those  invaluable  fruits  of  his  wisdom 
which  he  was  permitted  to  give  to  the  world.  To  adopt 
the  language  of  another, 

"If  we  were  called  upon  to  designate  any  single  work  which 
had  exercised  a  greater  influence  over  the  profession  of  the  law 
in  this  country  than  all  others,  which  had  most  stimulated  the 
student  in  his  studies,  most  facilitated  his  labours,  and,  in  fine, 
most  contributed  to  elevate  the  standard  of  professional  learning 
and  morals,  we  should  unhesitatingly  select  Hoffman's  Course  of 
Legal  Study."— N.  Amer.  Rev.,  xlv.  482. 

"  The  constant  reply  of  Lagrange  to  the  young  men  who  consul  ted 
him  respecting  their  mathematical  studies  was,  '  Study  Euler ;' 
and  in  like  manner  we  should  say  to  every  law-student,  from 
Maine  to  Louisiana,  '  Study  Hoffman.' " — GEORGE  S.  HILLARD  :  N. 
Amer.  Rev.,  xlvi.  82. 

In  the  words  of  another  admirer  of  this  excellent  and 
useful  writer : 

"What  Cujacius  said  of  Paul  de  Castro  has  been  appropriately 
applied  to  Professor  Hoffman's  Course  of  Legal  Study :  Qui  rum 
Jiabet  Paulum  de  Castro,  tunicam  vendat,  et  emat." 

Hoffman,  J,  N.,  Lutheran  pastor,  formerly  of  Cham- 
bersburg,  Pa.,  now  of  Reading,  Pa.  1.  Arndt's  True  Chris 
tianity;  trans,  from  the  German,  Chambersb.,  1834,  8vo. 

2.  Evangelical  Hymns,  original  and  selected,  1838,  18mo. 

3.  A  Collection  of  Texts,  Ac.     4.  The  Broken  Platform ; 
a  Defence  of   the    Symbolical   Books  of   the   Lutheran 
Church,  Phila.,  1856,  12mo. 

Hoffman,  Murray,  an  eminent  lawyer  of  New  York. 
1.  Office  and  Duties  of  Masters  in  Chancery,  N.  York. 
1824,  8vo. 

"  I  have  looked  them  [the  MSS.]  over,  and  communicated  to 
Mr.  B.  my  high  opinion  of  the  accuracy,  utility,  credit  and  value 
of  the  work."— Letter  from,  Chancellor  Kent. 

.2.  Treat,  on  the  Prac.  of  the  Ct.  of  Chancery,  1840,  3 
vols.  8vo ;  2d  ed.,  1843,  3  vols.  8vo.  3.  N.  York  Vice- 
Chancery  Reports,  1839-40,  8vo,  1841.  4.  Treatise  on  the 
Law  of  the  Prot.  Epis.  Church,  1850,  8vo. 

Holland,  Mrs.  Barbara.  See  HOFLAND,  MRS. 
THOMAS  CHRISTOPHER. 

Hoflaiid,  Thomas  Christopher,  1777-1843,  a 
distinguished  landscape-painter,  and  an  enthusiastic  dis 
ciple  of  Izaak  Walton,  was  a  native  of  Worksop,  Notting 
hamshire.  An  interesting  memoir  of  him,  by  his  widow, 
(vide  post,)  will  be  found  in  The  London  Art-Union;  or 
see  Lon.  Gent.  Mag.,  May,  1843.  1.  A  Description  of 
White  Knights,  a  seat  of  the  Duke  of  Marlborough;  em 
bellished  with  twenty-three  engravings  from  pictures  by 
T.  C.  Hofland,  1819,  fol.  One  hundred  copies  privately 
printed  by  his  Grace.  The  letter-press  was  written  by 
Mrs.  Hofland,  (vide  post.)  2.  British  Angler's  Manual, 
Lon.,  1839,  p.  Svo:  some  on  large  paper.  New  ed.,  by 
Edward  Jesse,  1848,  p.  Svo,  with  eighty  steel  engravings 
and  lignographs  after  Hofland,  Cooper,  Creswick,  Rad- 
clyffe,  &c. 

"  This  is  the  most  comprehensive  work  on  angling  that  has  yet 
appeared  in  this  country."— Bell's  Life  in  London. 

"  Whether  as  regards  the  art  pictorial  or  the  art  piscatorial,  it 
would  be  difficult  to  pick  out  a  prettier  volume  than  this."— Lon. 
Illustrated  Review. 

3.  Specimens  of  Garden  Decorations  and  Scenery,  1846. 

Hofland,  Mrs.  Thomas  Christopher,  1770-1844, 
wife  of  the  preceding,  formerly  Miss  Barbara  Wreaks, 
a  daughter  of  Robert  Wreaks,  of  Sheffield,  was  married  in 
1796  to  Mr.  T.  Bradshaw  Hoole,  who  died  in  1798.  In 
1805  she  pub.  a  vol.  of  poems  upon  a  subscription-list  of 


HOF 


HOG 


nearly  2000  copies,  the  profit  on  which  enabled  her  to  open 
a  small  school  at  Harrowgate,  where  the  duties  of  tuition 
were  relieved  by  the  pleasures  of  authorship.  In  1808  she 
was  married  to  Thomas  Christopher  Hofland,  the  eminent 
landscape-painter,  but  did  not  permit  her  new  engagements 
to  relax  her  literary  application,  for  in  1812  we  find  that 
she  gave  to  the  world  no  less  than  five  different  works. 
This  literary  activity  distinguished  Mrs.  Hofland  for  the 
remainder  of  her  life.  In  1833  she  was  deprived  by  death 
of  her  son  by  her  first  husband,  the  Rev.  Mr.  Hoole,  curate 
of  St.  Andrew's,  Holborn,  and  in  1843  she  was  again  left  a 
widow.  She  wrote  in  all  about  seventy  works,  (of  which 
nearly  300,000  copies  were  sold  in  Great  Britain,  and  many 
thousands  on  the  continent  and  in  America,)  and  pub.  a 
large  number  of  pieces  in  magazines  and  annuals.  Among 
the  best-known  of  her  works — which  consist  almost  entirely 
of  novels  and  moral  tales — are :  1.  The  Daughter-in-Law. 
2.  Emily.  3.  The  Son  of  a  Genius.  4.  Beatrice.  5.  Says 
she  to  her  Neighbour,  What  ?  6.  Captives  in  India.  7. 
The  Unloved  One.  8.  The  Czarina.  9.  Ellen,  the  Teacher. 
10.  The  Merchant's  Widow.  11.  Adelaide.  12.  Humility. 
13.  Fortitude.  14.  Decision.  15.  Integrity.  16.  The 
Clergyman's  Widow.  17.  Daniel  Dennison.  18.  Self- 
Denial.  19.  Letter  of  an  Englishwoman.  20.  Tales  of 
the  Priory.  21.  Tales  of  the  Manor.  A  Biographical 
notice  of  Mrs.  Hofland  will  be  found  in  the  Lon.  Gent. 
Mag.,  January,  1845 ;  but  for  a  detailed  memoir  of  her 
life,  accompanied  by  her  Literary  Remains,  we  must 
refer  the  reader  to  Mr.  Thomas  Ramsay's  vol.  with  this 
title,  Lon.,  1849,  12mo.  The  author  of  the  biography  in 
Gent  Mag.,  referring  to  the  many  editions  and  large  sale 
of  her  works,  remarks  : 

"  When  this  immense  circulation  is  considered,  in  connexion 
•with  the  fact  that  all  her  works  were  successfully  devoted  to  im 
prove  the  heart  by  pleasing  and  powerful  lessons,  we  may  form 
some  idea  of  the  debt  of  gratitude  and  esteem  that  is  her  due." 

Hot  111:11111,  A.  W.,  Ph.  D.,  Professor  in  the  Royal 
College  of  Chemistry,  London,  has  edited  Buff's  Letters 
on  the  Physics  of  the  Earth,  Lon.,  1851,  fp.  8vo ;  Fownes's 
Manual  of  Chemistry,  7th  ed.,  1858,  (in  conjunction  with 
H.  Bence  Jones,  M.D.  ,•)  and  is  co-editor  of  Liebig  and 
Kopp's  Annual  Report  of  the  Progress  of  Chemistry,  <fcc., 
Vols.  i.  ii.  iii.  for  1847,  '48,  '49,  edited  by  Dr.  Hofman  and 
Dr.  H.  B.  Jones.  See  BLOXAM,  C.  L.,  and  F.  A.  ABEL. 
Hog,  James.  The  Spirit's  Operations,Edin.,1709,12mo. 
Hog,  Sir  Roger.  Decisions  of  the  Court  of  Sessions, 
1681-91,  Edin.,  1757,  fol. 

Hogaeus,  Gulielmus,  pub.  Latin  paraphrases  from 
Job,  the  Proverbs,  Cato,  and  Milton,  Lon.,  1682-99. 

"The  author  discovers  some  talent  for  Latin  versification,  which 
his  countrymen  then  cultivated." — Orme's  Bibl.  Bib. 

Hogan,  a  Brevet-Major  in  R.A.  Appeal  to  the  Public, 
and  a  Farewell  Address  to  the  Army,  Lon.,  1808,  8vo. 

Hogan,  E.  Penna.  State  Trials;  Trials  of  F.  Hop- 
kinson  and  J.  Nicholson,  Phila.,  1794,  8vo. 

Hogan,  John  Sheridan.  Canada  and  her  Re 
source*,  N.  York,  1855,  8vo.  To  this  work  was  awarded  the 
first  prize  of  the  Paris  Exhibition  Committee  of  Canada. 

"  II  est  fort  bien  ecrit,  mais  supernciel  surtout  pour  ce  qui  a  rap 
port  au  Canada  Inferieur,  pays  beaucoup  plus  ancien  et  interessant 
que  le  Canada  Superieur  au  point  de  vue  historiqne." — Diet.  Hist. 
des  Ittust.  du  Canada  et  de  I'Amerique,  par  Bibaud,  Jeune,  Montreal, 
1857, 146. 

See  also  Canada  and  her  Resources,  by  Alex.  Morris, 
Montreal,  1855,  8vo,  and  The  Rise  of  Canada  from  Barba 
rism  to  Wealth  and  Civilization,  by  Charles  Roger,  of  Que 
bec,  Lon.,  1856,  8vo. 

Hogan,  W.     Reports  of  Cases  in  the  Rolls  Court  in 

Ireland,  temp.  S.  W.  McMahon,  Dubl.,  1828-38, 2  vols.  8vo. 

Hogan,  Wm.,  formerly  R.  Catholic  priest.    1.  Popery 

as  it  Was  and  Is,  Bost.  2.  Auricular  Confession  and  Popish 

Nunneries,  Lon.,  1846, 12mo;  5th  ed.,  1851,  12mo. 

Hogarth,  George,  a  native  of  Scotland,  late  writer 
to  the  signet  in  Edinburgh,  was  for  many  years  musical 
and  dramatic  critic  of  the  London  Morning  Chronicle;  but 
since  the  establishment  of  the  Daily  News,  in  1846,  by  his 
Bon-in-law,  Charles  Dickens,  the  author,  he  has  been  con 
nected  with  that  sheet  in  a  similar  capacity.  1.  Musical 
History,  Biography,  and  Criticism,  Lon.,  1836,  2  vols. 
12mo.  New  ed.  enlarged,  1838,  2  vols.  8vo.  An  excellent 
work.  Reviewed  by  G.  W.  Peck,  in  Amer.  Whig  Rev., 
vii.  533.  2.  Memoirs  of  the  Musical  Drama,  1838, 2  vols.  8vo. 
"  He  brings  general  scholarship  and  cultivation  to  his  task,  ami 

has  produced  a  very  instructive  as  well  as  entertaining  work." 

Lon.  Athenceum. 

3.  Opera  in  Italy,  France,  Germany,  and  England,  1851, 
2  vols.  p.  8vo.    This  may  be  considered  a  new  ed.  of  No.  2. 
The  view  of  the  Musical  Stage  is  brought  down  to  the 
date  of  publication, — 1851. 
860 


"George  Thomson,  and  George  Hogarth,  and  the  lave  o' the 
yamatoors  will  just  lauch  at  ye  as  an  ignoramus,  that  kens  nae- 
thing  o'  acowstics,  or  the  dooble-dooble-bais,  or  Batehooven,  or 
Mowsart,  or  that  Carle  Weber." — CHRISTOPHER  NCHTH  :  Nodes 
Ambrosiance.  July,  1826. 

Hogarth,  Richard,  a  schoolmaster  in  London, 
father  of  William  Hogarth,  the  celebrated  artist.  Dis- 
sertationes  Grammaticales,  Lon.,  1712,  8vo. 

Hogarth,  William,  1697-1764,  a  celebrated  painter 
and  engraver,  son  of  the  preceding,  was  a  native  of  Lon 
don.  In  1730  he  ran  away  with  the  daughter  of  the 
eminent  artist,  Sir  James  Thornhill,  who  was  soon  recon 
ciled  to  the  match  by  the  remarkable  talents  of  his 
volunteer  son-in-law.  We  have  already  had  occasion  to 
refer  to  his  Analysis  of  Beauty,  Lon.,  1754,  '72,  '83,  4to, 
[in  Italian,  Leghorn,  1761,)  in  which  he  was  assisted  by 
Dr.  Benjamin  Hoadly,  Dr.  Morell,  and  the  Rev.  Mr. 
Townley.  This  is  a  work  of  decided  merit.  In  his  ca 
pacity  as  an  artist  he  does  not  enter  within  the  design  of 
our  Dictionary.  For  an  account  of  his  works,  collections  of 
his  plates,  <fec.,  consult  authorities  cited  below.  Especially 
see — 1.  The  Genuine  Works  of  Wm.  Hogarth,  illustrated 
with  Biographical  Anecdotes,  a  Chronological  Catalogue 
and  Commentary,  by  John  Nichols  and  George  Steevens, 
1808-17,  3  vols.  4to;  £14  4s.  Large  paper,  £27  6«. 

'These  three  volumes  contain  210  plates,  a  great  many  of  which 
are  not  to  be  found  in  any  other  collection  of  Hogarth's  works.1' — 
Advert. 

2.  The  Genuine  Works  of  Wm.  Hogarth,  1820-22,  24 
Nos.,  atlas  fol.,  from  the  original  plates,  retouched  by 
Heath;  edited  by  Nichols;  153  plates.  Pub.  at  £50.  It 
is  stated  that  a  number  of  copies  were  recently  found  in 
the  publisher's  warehouse,  and  came  into  the  possession 
of  H.  G.  Bohn,  of  London,  who  offered  them  at  the  low 
price  of  £7  7s.  See  his  Catalogue  for  1848,  p.  124,  supp. 

3.  Hogarth  Moralized,  by  John  Trusler,  LL.D.,  1768,  8vo. 
New  ed.,  with  Introduc.  and  Notes  by  Major,  1841,  8vo. 

4.  Hogarth  Illustrated,  by  John  Ireland,  1791-98,  3  vols. 
r.  8vo.     5.  Biographical  Anecdotes  of  Wm.  Hogarth,  and 
a  Cat.  of  his  Works,  by  John  Nichols,  1781,  '82,  '85,  8vo. 
The  last  is  the  best  ed.     6.  Anecdotes  of  Hogarth,  by  him 
self,  with  Essay  on  his  Life,  Ac.,  by  Nichols,  1833,  4  Pts. 
8vo,  48  plates.    7.  Clavis  Hogarthiana,  by  Rev.  E.  Ferrens, 
1817,  8vo.     Those  who  wish  a  cheap  Hogarth  can  procure 
the  150  Plates  lately  pub.  (1849,  2  vols.  4to)  by  Brain,  of 
London,  for  £2  5s.     In  addition  to  authorities  just  cited, 
consult  Nichols's  Lit.  Anec. ;  Walpole's  Anecdotes  ;  Chal 
mers's  Biog.  Diet.;    Lowndes's  Bibl.  Man. ;    Bryan's  and 
Spooner's  Dictionaries ;    Hazlitt's  Lect.  on  the  Works  of 
Hogarth ;    Charles   Lamb    on    the    Genius   of    Hogarth ; 
Thackeray's  Lect.  on  Hogarth,  Smollett,  and  Fielding. 

"  Your  works  I  shall  treasure  up  as  &  family  book,  or  rather  as 
one  of  the  classics,  from  which  I  shall  regularly  instruct  my  chil 
dren,  in  the  same  manner  as  I  should  out  of  Homer  or  Virgil." — 
The  Rev.  J.  Townley  to  Hogarth. 

We  would  suggest  that,  as  &  family  look,  Hogarth  is  to 
be  used  with  considerable  caution. 

See  For.  Quar.  Rev.,  xvi.  279;  Blackw.  Mag.,  iii.  609; 
xxx.  655,  660;  xxxix.  761;  xliii.  466;  1.24;  Lon.  Month. 
Rev.,  Ixxxii.  145;  Phila.  Analec.  Mag.,  v.  150. 

"  It  is  not  hazarding  too  much  to  assert  that  he  was  one  of  the 
greatest  comic  geniuses  that  ever  lived;  and  he  was  certainly  one 
of  the  most  extraordinary  men  this  country  has  produced." — 
HAZLITT:  ubi  supra. 

"  I  was  pleased  with  the  reply  of  a  gentleman,  who,  being  asked 
which  book  he  esteemed  most  in  his  library,  answered — 'Shak- 
speare:'  being  asked  which  he  esteemed  next  best,  replied — 'Ho 
garth.'  " — CHARLES  LAMB  :  ubi  supra. 

"  To  the  student  of  history,  these  admirable  works  must  be  in 
valuable,  as  they  give  us  the  most  complete  and  truthful  picture 
of  the  manners,  and  even  the  thoughts,  of  the  past  century.": — 
THACKERAY  :  ubi supra. 

Hogben,  James.  Obstetric  Studies,  Lon.,  1813, 4to ; 
Plates,  1813,  foL 

Hoge,  Moses,  President  of  Hampden-Sidney  College, 
Virginia,  d.  in  Phila.,  1820,  aged  60.  A  vol.  of  his  serms. 
was  pub.  after  his  death. 

Hogg,  Edward,  M.D.  Visit  to  Alexandria,  Damas 
cus,  and  Jerusalem,  Lon.,  1835,  2  vols.  p.  8vo.  Reviewed 
in  the  London  Athenaeum,  1835,  721. 

Hogg,  Jabez.  1.  Domestic,  Medical,  and  Surgical 
Guide,  Lon.,  1852 ;  4th  ed.,  1857.  2.  Elements  of  Nat. 
Philos.,  1852,  8vo.  3.  Manual  of  Photography ;  4th  ed., 
1852,  12mo.  4.  The  Microscope :  its  Hist,  Construe.,  &c., 
1854,  '55,  '57,  8vo.  5.  The  Ophthalmoscope;  2d  ed.,  1858. 

Hogg,  J.  J,  Lect.  on  Study  of  Civil  Law,  Lon., 
1831,  8vo. 

Hogg,  James,  "  The  Ettrick  Shepherd,"  December  9, 
1770-Nov.  21,  1835,  first  saw  the  light  in  a  cottage  on  the 
banks  of  the  Ettrick  River,  in  Selkirkshire,  Scotland.  His 
ancestors  had  been  shepherds  for  five  centuries,  and  James 


HOG 


HOG 


commenced  his  apprenticeship  in  the  same  humble  calling 
when  only  seven  years  of  age.  Few  authors  who  have 
obtained  reputation  have  commenced  on  so  slender  a  stock 
of  knowledge  ;  for  the  whole  of  the  shepherd's  scholastic 
education  was  comprised  in  six  months'  instruction  received 
before  he  was  eight  years  of  age,.  In  1790  he  entered  the 
service  of  Mr.  Laidlaw  as  a  shepherd,  and  remained  in 
this  post  for  the  ensuing  ten  years,  the  leisure  hours  of 
which  were  profitably  occupied  with  the  perusal  of  books 
from  his  master's  library.  In  1796  he  commenced  the 
composition  of  songs  and  ballads,  and  in  the  next  year  an 
ardent  desire  to  be  the  successor  of  Burns — of  whom  he 
then  first  heard — gave  an  impetus  to  his  poetical  genius, 
which,  to  the  astonishment  of  the  world,  resulted  some 
years  later  in  the  production  of  The  Queen's  Wake.  Some 
of  his  juvenile  pieces  happened  at  this  time  to  fall  into 
the  hands  of  Sir  Walter  Scott,  by  whom  they  were  highly 
commended.  The  first  of  his  published  productions,  The 
Patriot  Lay  of  Donald  McDonald,  composed  in  1800,  and 
printed  in  1801,  soon  became  a  general  favourite,  and  was 
sung  amidst  acclamations,  published  and  set  to  music, 
whilst  even  the  name  of  the  author  was  unknown.  In 
180]  he  wrote  a  prose  essay  called  Reflections  on  a  View  of 
the  Nocturnal  Heavens,  and  in  the  same  year,  whilst  on  a 
visit  to  Edinburgh  to  dispose  of  some  of  his  sheep,  he  pub. 
a  collection  of  his  best  poems.  In  1802  he  contributed 
to  Sir  Walter  Scott's  Border  Minstrelsy;  and  five  years 
later  gave  to  the  world  The  Shepherd's  Guide,  (an  Essay 
011  Sheep,)  and  a  vol.  of  songs,  ballads,  and  tales,  entitled 
The  Mountain  Bard.  By  these  two  works  he  made  about 
£300,  which  was  soon  swallowed  up  in  the  cultivation  of 
an  unprofitable  farm;  and  .the  publication  of  the  Forest 
Minstrel,  a  collection  of  the  poet's  early  songs,  in  1810, 
failed  to  meet  with  that  encouragement  which  the  declin 
ing  fortunes  of  the  author  greatly  needed.  In  the  same 
year  he  commenced  the  issue  of  a  periodical,  intended  as 
a  censor  of  literature  and  manners,  entitled  The  Spy.  For 
this  self-imposed  task  the  conductor  was  altogether  un- 
suited,  and  the  new  paper  lingered  but  a  twelvemonth 
and  then  expired.  One  good  result,  however,  is  to  be 
attributed  to  the  publication  of  The  Spy.  Some  of  his 
friends  were  so  much  pleased  with  some  of  the  poetry  con 
tributed  by  the  editor  to  his  sheet,  that  they  urged  him  to 
attempt  the  composition  of  a  regular  poem.  Hogg  was 
always  ready  to  be  encouraged;  and  his  friends  were  gra 
tified,  with  the  rest  of  the  world,  in  the  spring  of  1813,  by 
the  publication  of  The  Queen's  Wake,  a  Legendary  Poem, 
by  far  his  best  production,  and  one  which  would  not  have 
disgraced  the  best  of  the  great  poets  who  were  at  that 
time  delighting  the  literary  circles  of  the  day.  Of  the 
seventeen  ballads  in  this  work,  the  general  favourite  is  the 
legend  of  Kilmeny : — certainly  an  exquisite  production. 
The  reputation  of  the  author  was  now  established:  the 
poet  became  a  celebrity;  and  happy  was  that  lady  of 
quality  who  could  secure  for  her  fashionable  parties  the 
rustic  form,  and  still  more  rustic  songs  and  witticisms,  of 
the  far-famed  Ettrick  Shepherd.  The  Queen's  Wake  soon 
reached  its  5th  edit.,  and  the  Shepherd  needed  nothing 
more  to  make  him  an  author  for  life,  as  the  following  list 
of  works,  which  appeared  in  rapid  succession,  will  abun 
dantly  testify.  POETRY:  1.  Pilgrims  of  the  Sun,  1815,  1 
vol.  2.  The  Hunting  of  Badlewe,  1  vol.  3.  Madoc  of  the 
Moor,  1816,  1  vol.  4.  Poetic  Mirror;  or,  Living  Bards  of 
Britain,  1  vol.  This  work,  consisting  of  imitations  of  dis 
tinguished  living  poets,  was  all  (with  the  exception  of 
Scott's  pretended  epistle  to  Southey, — the  work  of  Thomas 
Priugle)  written  by  Hogg  in  three  weeks.  5.  Dramatic 
Tales,  2  vols.  6.  Sacred  Melodies,  1  vol.  7.  The  Border 
Garland,  1  vol.  8.  The  Jacobite  Relics  of  Scotland :  vol.  i., 
1819 ;  vol.  ii.,  1821.  Partly  original.  9.  Queen  Hynde, 
1825,  1  vol.  10.  The  Royal  Jubilee;  a  Masque,  1  vol. 
11.  A  Selection  of  his  Songs,  1831,  1  vol.  12.  The  Queer 
Book :  26  Miscellaneous  Poems,  some  of  which  had  ap 
peared  in  Blackwood,  1  vol.  A  collection  of  his  best 
poems  was  pub.  at  Edinburgh  in  1822,  in  4  vols.  8vo. 
PROSE  :  13.  The  Brownie  of  Bodsbeck,  and  other  Tales, 
1818,  2  vols.  14.  Winter  Evening  Tales,  1820,  2  vols. 
15.  The  Three  Perils  of  Man,  1822,  3  vols.  16.  The  Three 
Perils  of  Woman,  1823,  3  vols.  17.  The  Confessions  of  a 
Justified  Sinner,  1824,  1  vol.  18.  The  Shepherd's  Calen 
dar,  1829,  2  vols.  Composed  of  tales  originally  pub.  in 
Blackwood's  Magazine.  19.  Altrive  Tales,  1832.  Vol.  i. 
only  appeared,  although  twelve  were  contemplated,  one 
every  other  month.  The  Tales  were  to  be  such  traditionary 
stories  as  were  current  with  the  Altrive  peasantry,  and 
collected  from  them.  The  failure  of  Cochran  &  Co.,  the 
publishers,  prevented  the  prosecution  of  the  plan.  20.  Do- 


|  mestic  Manners  of  Sir  Walter  Scott,  1834.  Considered  a 
very  impertinent  production.  21.  Lay  Sermons,  1834,  1 
vol.  22.  Tales  of  the  Wars  of  Montrose,  1835,  3  vols.  In 
1817  Hogg  found  himself  settled  on  his  farm  of  Altrive, 
consisting  of  seventy  acres  on  the  banks  of  the  Yarrow, 
for  which  he  was  indebted  to  the  kindness  of  the  Duke 
and  Duchess  of  Buccleuch.  In  1820,  in  his  48th  year,  he 
was  married  to  Miss  Margaret  Phillips,  who  seems  to  have 
made  him  a  very  good  wife :  she  and  three  of  their  chil 
dren,  daughters,  are  now  living,  and  Mrs.  Hogg  was  re 
cently  pensioned  by  government.  Shortly  after  his  mar 
riage  he  took  up  his  residence  at  Mount  Benger;  but,  being 
again  unfortunate  in  his  agricultural  experiments,  he  was 
obliged  to  return  to  Altrive.  The  last  years  of  his  life 
were  tranquilly  passed  in  the  prosecution  of  his  literary 
pursuits,  varied  by  the  sports  of  the  field,  to  which  he  waa 
passionately  attached.  In  the  autumn  of  1835  his  health 
was  prostrated  by  an  attack  of  the  jaundice,  which  re 
sulted  in  a  disease  of  the  liver,  and  terminated  fatally  on 
the  21st  of  November,  1835,  in  the  65th  year  of  his  age. 
For  further  information  respecting  this  uneducated  genius, 
we  refer  the  reader  to  his  autobiographical  reminiscences; 
to  the  Memoir,  by  Professor  John  Wilson,  prefixed  to 
Blackie  &  Co.'s  collective  edit,  of  Hogg's  Works,  1850,  5 
vols.  12mo ;  Life,  by  Dr.  R.  S.  Mackenzie,  prefixed  to  hia 
edit,  of  Noctes  Ambrosianae,  N.  York,  1855,  vol.  iv.,  i.-xxii. ; 
Dr.  Mackenzie's  collection  of  Maginn's  O'Doherty  Papers, 
1855,  i.  29-32;  Life,  in  Lon.  Gent.  Mag.,  Jan.  1836; 
Hewitt's  Homes  and  Haunts  of  Brit.  Poets;  Chambera 
and  Thomson's  Diet,  of  Eminent  Scotsmen ;  Lockhart's 
Life  of  Scott;  Scott's  Poetical  Works;  Gilfillan's  First 
Gallery  of  Literary  Portraits;  Allan  Cunningham's  Biog. 
and  Crit.  Hist,  of  the  Lit  of  the  Last  Fifty  years  ;  Moir's 
Poet.  Lit.  of  the  Past  Half-Century  ;  Wilson's  Recreations 
of  Christopher  North ;  and  especially  to  the  Noctes  Am 
brosianae,  where  The  Shepherd  is  painted  to  the  life:  and 
see  the  General  Index  to  Blackwood's  Mag.,  vols.  i.-l. ; 
Donaldson's  Agricult.  Biog.;  Memoirs  of  a  Literary  Vete 
ran;  Edin.  Rev.,  v.  662;  by  Lord  Jeffrey,  ib.  xxiv.  157; 
Lon.  Month.  Rev.,  xciii.  263  ;  xcv.  428  ;  cvi.  368;  cxxviii. 
82;  Eraser's  Mag.,  i.  291;  v.  97,  114,  482;  xx.  414;  N. 
Amer.  Rev.,  by  W.Tudor,  ii.  103;  by  F.  Dexter,  ix.  1; 
Phil.  Analec.  Mag.,  iii.  104;  yi.  36;  xi.  414;  Phila.  Mu 
seum,  xxi.  97;  xxxvii.  438.  A  collective  ed.  of  Hogg's 
Tales  and  Sketches  was  pub.  in  1838,  6  vols.  fp.  8vo; 
again  in  1851 ;  collective  ed.  of  his  Poetical  Works,  1850, 
5  vols.  12mo;  1852,  5  vols.  12mo.  We  have  already  stated 
that  the  Queen's  Wake  is  considered  to  be  by  far  the  best 
of  his  productions :  a  few  brief  notices  of  this  poem  may 
therefore  be  here  appropriately  introduced  : 

"  The  Queen's  Wake  is  a  garland  of  fair  forest-flowers,  bound 
with  a  band  of  rushes  from  the  moor.  It  is  not  a  poem, — not  it; 
nor  was  it  intended  to  be  so;  you  might  as  well  call  a  bright 
bouquet  of  flowers  a  flower,  which,  by-the-by,  we  do  in  Scotland. 
Some  of  the  ballads  are  very  beautiful;  one  or  two  even  splendid; 
most  of  them  spirited ;  and  the  worst  far  better  than  the  best  that 
was  ever  written  by  any  bard  in  danger  of  being  a  blockhead. 
Kilmeny  alone  places  our  (ay,  our)  Shepherd  among  the  Undying 
Ones."— PROFESSOR  WILSON  :  Christopher  North's  Recreations :  An 
Hour's  Talk  about  Poetry. 

"The  poem  is  unequal,  and  it  could  not  well  be  otherwise;  it 
consists  of  the  songs  of  many  minstrels  in  honour  of  Queen  Mary, 
united  together  by  a  sort  of  recitative,  very  rambling,  amusing, 
and  characteristic.  Some  of  the  strains  of  the  contending  Bards 
are  of  the  highest  order,  both  of  conception  and  execution;  the 
Abbot  of  Eye  has  great  ease,  vigour,  and  harmony,  and  the  story 
of  the  Fair  Kilmeny,  for  true  simplicity,  exquisite  loveliness,  and 
graceful  and  original  fancy,  cannot  be  matched  in  the  whole  com 
pass  of  British  song."— ALLAN  CUNNINGHAM  :  Biog.  and  Crit.  Hist. 
of  the  Lit.  of  the  Last  Fifty  Years. 

"  The  specimens  we  have  already  given  [of  Kilmen}']  will  enable 
the  reader  to  judge  of  the  style  and  manner  of  this  singular  com 
position  ;  upon  the  strength  of  which  alone  we  should  feel  our 
selves  completely  justified  in  assuring  the  author  that  no  doubt 
can  be  entertained  that  he  is  a  poet,  in  the  highest  acceptation 
of  the  name." — LORD  JEFFREY  :  Edin.  Rev.,  Nov.  1814. 

"  The  Legend  of  Kilmeny  is  as  beautiful  as  any  thing  in  that 
department  of  poetry.  It  contains  a  fine  moral :— that  purity  of 
heart  makes  an  earthly  creature  a  welcome  denizen  of  heaven; 
and  the  tone  and  imagery  are  all  fraught  with  a  tenderness  and 
grace  that  are  as  unearthly  as  the  subject  of  the  legend."— Howitt's 
Homes  and  Haunts  of  the  Brit.  Poets. 

"  Kilmeny  has  been  the  theme  of  universal  admiration,  and 
deservedly  so,  for  it  is  what  Warton  would  have  denominated 
'pure  poetry.'  It  is,  for  the  most  part,  the  glorious  emanation  of 
a  sublime  fancy, — the  spontaneous  sprouting  forth  of  amaranthine 
flowers  of  sentiment, — the  bubbling  out  and  welling  over  of  in 
spiration's  fountain."— D.  M.  MoiR:  Poet.  Lit.  of  tlie  Past  Half- 
Century. 

An  acute  critic,  already  quoted,  after  noticing  Hogg's 
defects  as  a  prose-writer,  evinces  a  disposition  to  do  full 
justice  to  his  real  merits : 

"When  he  chooses  to  be  simple  and  unaffected,  there  are  fe* 
to  match  him:  his  Wool-Gatherer,  Home  of  his  Winter  Night's 


HOG 


HOL 


Tales,— which,  instead  of  lengthening  the  nights,  as  a  surly  critic 
averred,  shortened  them  for  thousands, — his  Brownie  of  Bods- 
beck,  and  indeed  all  his  fictions,  exhibit  much  of  the  innocence 
and  truth  and  blamelessness  of  pastoral  life.  In  his  finer  moods, 
no  one  has  equalled  him  in  the  rare  power  of  uniting  the  elegance 
of  superstitious  fancy  with  the  realities  of  life."— ALLAN  CUNNING 
HAM  :  uli  supra. 

The  name  of  the  author  of  The  Queen's  Wake  will  recall 
to  many  the  beautiful  extemporaneous  tribute  of  Words 
worth  on  hearing  of  the  death  of  his  brother  poet : 
"  When  first,  descending  from  the  moorlands, 

I  saw  the  stream  of  Yarrow  glide 
Along  a  bare  and  open  valley, 

The  Ettrick  Shepherd  was  my  guide,"  Ac. 

Hogg,  John.     Serms.,  1759,  '75,  both  8vo. 

Hogg,  Robert,  co-editor  of  the  Cottage  Gardener. 
1.  British  Pomology,  Lon.,  1851,  8vo.  2.  Manual  of  Fruits. 
3.  The  Dahlia,  1853,  r.  8vo.  4.  The  Vegetable  Kingdom 
and  its  Products,  1858,  cr.  8vo. 

Hogg,  Thomas.  St.  Michael's  Mount;  a  Poem, 
1811,  4to. 

Hogg,  Thomas.  The  Fabulous  Hist,  of  the  Ancient 
Kingdom  of  Cornwall,  Lon.,  1827,  8vo. 

Hogg,  Thomas,  Florist,  of  Paddington  Green,  Mid 
dlesex.  1.  Growth  and  Cult,  of  the  Carnation ;  6th  ed., 
1839,  12mo.  See  Lon.  Monthly  Censor,  Oct  1822.  See 
also  Trans.  Hortic.  Soc. 

Hoggard,  Miles.    See  HUGGARD. 

Hoker,  or  Hooker,  John.     See  HOOKER. 

Holberry,  Mark.    Farewell  Serm.,  Leeds,  1770,  8vo. 

Holborne,  Anthony.  The  Cittharn  Schoole,  1597. 
The  cittern  or  cithern  (Latin,  cithara,  a  harp  or  lyre) 
was  a  stringed  musical  instrument,  similar  to  a  guitar. 

Holbourne,  Sir  Robert,  M.P.,  d.  1647,  an  eminent 
lawyer  temp.  Charles  I.  1.  Readings  upon  the  Statute 
25  Edw.  III.,  cap.  2,  of  Treasons.  To  which  is  added 
Brown's  Cases  of  Treasons,  Oxf.,  1642,  4to.  2.  The  Free 
holder's  Grand  Inquest  rel.  to  the  King  and  Parl.  This 
bears  the  name  of  Sir  Robert  Filmer,  who  repub.  it  in 
1679  and  1680,  Svo,  with  observ.  on  Forms  of  Govern 
ment.  See  Athen.  Oxon ;  Lloyd's  Memoirs,  vol.  i. ;  Bridg- 
man's  Leg.  Bibl. 

Holbrook,  Anthony.     Serms.,  <fcc.,  1715-31. 

Holbrook,  J.,  Special  Agent  U.  States  Post-Office 
Department.  Ten  Years  among  the  Mail-Bags,  Phila., 
185W,  12mo,  pp.  432.  A  valuable  and  entertaining  work. 

Holbrook,  John  Edwards,  M.D.,  b.  at  Beaufort, 
S.  Carolina,  1795,  a  graduate  of  Brown  University,  Provi 
dence,  R.  Island,  has  been,  since  1824,  Professor  of  Ana 
tomy  in  the  Medical  College  of  the  State  of  S.  Carolina. 
1.  American  Herpetology;  or,  a  Description  of  Reptiles 
inhabiting  the  United  States,  Phila.,  1842,  5  vols.  sm.  4to; 
$50.  2.  Southern  Ichthyology,  embracing  Georgia,  Florida, 
and  South  Carolina.  It  was  discontinued  after  two  numbers 
were  pub.,  the  field  being  considered  too  extensive  by  the  au 
thor,  as  he  had  to  make  all  his  drawings  from  life.  He  is 
now  publishing  a  work  on  the  Fishes  of  South  Carolina, 
ten  numbers  of  which  have  made  their  appearance.  Such 
useful  labourers  in  the  walks  of  scientific  research  are 
worthy  of  all  commendation. 

Holbrooke,  W.,  M.D.  Mischiefs  arising  from  swal 
lowing  Plumb-stones;  Phil.  Trans.,  1710. 

Holcombe,  James  P.  1.  Introduc.  to  Equity  Ju 
risprudence,  Cin.,  1846,  Svo.  2.  A  Selection  of  Leading 
Cases  upon  Commercial  Law,  Phila.,  1847,  Svo ;  N.  York, 
1848,  8vo.  3.  Digest  of  the  Decisions  of  the  Supreme  Ct. 
U.  States  from  its  commencement  to  the  present  time, 
1848,  8vo. 

"  As  a  compact  and  convenient  index  to  near  fifty  volumes  of 
reports,  it  must  prove  very  useful  to  the  profession." — LEVI  WOOD- 
BURY. 

4.  Law  of  Debtor  and  Creditor  in  the  U.  States  and 
Canada,  Phila.,  1848,  Svo  ;  N.  York,  1851,  8vo.  5.  Smith's 
Compendium  of  Mercantile  Law,  edited  by  J.  P.  Hol 
combe  and  W.  Y.  Gholson;  greatly  enlarged,  Ac.,  1850, 
Svo.  New  ed.,  greatly  enlarged  from  last  London  edit., 
1855,  Svo,  pp.  775. 

Holcombe,  Wm.    Serm.,  Lon.,  1789,  4to. 

Holcombe,  Wm.  H.,  M.D.  The  Scientific  Basis 
of  Homoeopathy,  Cin.,  12mo. 

Holcot,  Robert,  i.e.  Richard  de  Bury,  q.  v. 

Holcroft,  Miss  Fanny,  daughter  of  the  following. 
1.  Memoirs  of  Conde ;  from  the  French  of  Conde,  1807, 
Svo.  2.  The  Wife  and  the  Lover;  a  Nov.,  1813,  3  vols. 
12mo.  3.  Fortitude  and  Frailty,  1817,  4  vols. 

Holcroft,  Thomas,  1744-1809,  a  native  of  London, 
the  son  of  a  shoemaker,  after  being  a  groom  and  an  actor, 
commenced  writing  for  the  stage,  and  became  the  author 
of  a  number  of  plays,  poems,  novels,  and  translations  from 


the  French  and  German.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Society 
for  Constitutional  Reform  ;  and  learning,  in  1794,  that  he 
was  indicted,  he  voluntarily  resigned  himself  to  the  proper 
authorities  ;  but,  upon  the  acquittal  of  Hardy,  Holcroft 
and  the  other  prisoners  mentioned  in  the  indictment  were 
discharged  without  a  trial.  His  best-known  plays  (over 
thirty  of  which  are  registered  in  the  Biog.  Dramat.)  are — 

1.  Duplicity;  a  Com.,  Lon.,  1781,  Svo.    Very  successful. 

2.  The  School  for  Arrogance  ;  a  Com.,  1791,  Svo.     3.  The 
Road  to  Ruin ;  a  Com.,  1792,  8vo. 

"  This  comedy  ranks  among  the  most  successful  of  modern  plays. 
There  is  merit  in  the  writing,  but  much  more  in  that  dramatic 
science  which  disposes  characters,  scenes,  and  dialogue,  with  mi 
nute  attention  to  theatric  ambition." — MRS.  INCHBAID. 

"  Mr.  Holcroft,  in  his  Road  to  Ruin,  set  the  example  of  that 
style  of  comedy  in  which  the  slang  phrases  of  jockey  noblemen 
and  the  humours  of  the  four-in-hand  club  are  blended  with  the 
romantic  sentiments  of  distressed  damsels  and  philosophic  wait 
ing-maids,  and  in  which  he  has  been  imitated  by  the  most  suc 
cessful  of  our  living  writers,  unless  we  make  a  separate  class  for 
the  school  of  Cumberland." — HazliWs  Lects.  on  the  Comic  Writers 
of  the  Last  Century. 

4.  The  Deserted  Daughter;  a  Com.,  1795,  Svo.  Very 
successful.  Of  his  novels,  among  the  most  popular  were — 
.  Alwyn;  or,  the  Gentleman  Comedian,  1780.  6.  Anna 
St.  Ives,  1792,  7  vols.  12mo.  Tolerably  successful.  7. 
ftugh  Trevor,  1794,  3  vols.  12mo.  8.  Bryan  Perdue,  1805, 
3  vols.  sm.  Svo.  In  1783,  4to,  he  pub.  (9.)  Human  Hap 
piness,  or  the  Sceptic  ;  a  Poem ; — a  work  of  bad  tendency ; 
nd  in  1806,  2  vols.  12mo,  gave  to  the  world  (10.)  Tales  in. 
Verse,  Critical,  Satirical,  and  Humorous.  See  Miss  Mit- 
ford's  Recollec.  of  a  Lit.  Life;  Edin.  Rev.,  x.  101-111. 
3f  his  translations  we  may  instance — 11.  Caroline  of  Lich- 
ield ;  from  the  French,  1786,  3  vols.  Svo.  12.  Life  of 
Frederic,  Baron  Trenck ;  from  the  German,  1788,  3  vols. 
12mo. 

"  If  ever  one  happens  to  take  up  an  English  version  of  a  French 
or  German  book  of  that  period, — Memoirs  of  Baron  Trenck,  or 
Caroline  de  Litchfield,— and  if  that  version  have  in  it  the  zest 
and  savour  of  original  writing,  we  shall  be  sure  to  find  the  name 
of  Thomas  Holcroft  in  the  title-page." — Miss  MITFORD  :  ubi  supra. 

13.  Posthumous  Works  of  Frederic  II.,  King  of  Prussia; 
from  the  French,  1789,  3  vols.  Svo.  For  this  translation 
Holcroft  is  said  to  have  received  about  £1200.  See  Prof. 
Smyth's  Lects.  on  Mod.  Hist.  14.  Lavater's  Essays  on 
Physiognomy;  from  the  German,  1793,  3  vols.  large  Svo. 
360  engravings;  £5  5*.  15.  Herman  and  Dorothea;  from 
the  German  of  Goethe,  1801,  Svo.  In  1804  he  pub.  (16.) 
Travels  from  Hamburgh,  through  Westphalia,  Holland, 
and  the  Netherlands,  to  Paris,  1806,  2  vols.  4to. 

"  Upon  the  whole,  we  think  that  this  book  is  a  great  deal  too 
long,  and  that  it  has  attained  this  magnitude  by  the  most  intrepid 
and  extensive  application  of  the  approved  recipes  for  book-making 
that  has  yet  come  under  our  consideration." — LORD  JEFFREY  :  Edin. 
Rev.,  iv.  84-99,  q.  v. 

In  1815,  3  vols.  12mo,  appeared  (17.)  his  Memoirs  written 
by  himself,  continued  [by  Wm.  Hazlitt,  Sr.]  to  the  time  of 
his  Death,  from  his  Diary,  Notes,  and  other  Papers.  A 
new  ed.  was  pub.  in  Longman's  Travellers'  Library  in  1851, 
in  2  Pts. ;  also  in  1  vol. ;  and  an  abridgment  will  be  found 
in  Miss  Mitford's  Recollections  of  a  Literary  Life.  See 
also  Hazlitt's  First  Acquaintance  with  Poets ;  Biog.  Dra 
mat.  ;  and  Lon.  Gent.  Mag.  It  is  but  justice  to  the  memory 
of  Holcroft  to  remark  that  he  is  said  to  have  renounced 
his  irreligious  opinions  when  he  found  himself  about 
visiting  a  world  where  they  were  not  likely  to  prove  of 
much  benefit  to  him. 

Holden,  Rev.  G.,  d.  at  Tatham,  near  Lancaster, 
England,  1793,  was  the  author  of  an  annual  publication 
entitled  Holden's  Tide-Table. 

Holden,  George,  Perpetual  Curate  of  Mayhull, 
Liverpool ;  one  of  the  most  eminent  of  modern  Hebraists. 
1.  An  Attempt  towards  an  improved  Trans,  of  the  Proverbs 
of  Solomon,  Liverp.,  1819,  Svo. 

"This  is  the  most  valuable  help  to  the  critical  understanding 
of  the  Book  of  Proverbs  extant  in  our  language." — Home's  Bill. 
Bib. 

2.  The  Scripture  Testimonies  to  the  Divinity  of  our 
Lord,  collected  and  Illustrated,  Lon.,  1820,  Svo.  3.  An 
Attempt  to  illustrate  the  Book  of  Ecclesiastes,  1822,  Svo. 

"The  best  that  has  fallen  under  the  notice  of  the  writer  of  the 
present  work."— Hwne's  Bibl.  Bib. 

Another  eminent  authority  remarks  of  this  and  the 
work  on  the  Proverbs,  (No.  1,  ante:) 

"These  two  works  are  among  the  ablest  pieces  of  biblical  illus 
tration  with  which  we  have  lately  been  furnished.  The  author  is 
evidently  an  excellent  Hebrew  scholar." — Orme's  Bibl.  Bib. 

4.  A  Dissert,  on  the  Fall  of  Man ;  in  which  the  Literal 
Sense  of  the  Mosaic  Account  of  that  Event  is  asserted  and 
vindicated,  1823,  Svo. 

"  All  the  efforts  of  perverted  criticism  to  reduce  the  Mosaic  His 
tory  of  the  Fall  of  Man  to  allegory,  fable,  or  mythos.  are  here 


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examined  in  detail ;  and  the  objections  of  its  adversaries  to  the 
literal  sense  of  that  history  are  minutely  and  satisfactorily  refuted." 
—Home's  Bill.  Bib. 

5.  The  Christian  Sabbath,  1825,  8vo.  This  valuable 
vol.  contains  a  list  of  146  writers  upon  the  same  subject. 
6.  The  Christian  Expositor,  or  Practical  Guide  to  the 
Study  of  the  New  Test. ;  intended  for  the  Use  of  General 
Readers,  1830,  12mo ;  2d  ed.,  1837,  12mo. 

"  The  task  is  accomplished  with  great  intelligence  and  learning." 
—Lon.  Month.  Rev.,  July,  1830,  pp.  468-469. 

"  The  reader  who  has  recourse  to  his  pages  for  the  interpretation 
of  really  difficult  passages  will  rarely,  if  ever,  be  disappointed." — 
Lon.  Chris.  JKememb. 

See  Home's  Bibl.  Bib.,  265,  306. 

7.  The  Christian  Expositor,  Old  Test.,  1834,  12mo. 

"  Not  only  general  readers,  but  also  critical  students,  may  gladly, 
profitably,  and  safely  avail  themselves  of  Mr.  Holden's  labours, 
without  any  apprehension  of  having  imposed  upon  them  the  neo- 
logian  interpretations  of  modern  German  critics  and  commenta 
tors.  Every  page  indicates  Mr.  Holden's  intimate  acquaintance 
with  all  the  best  exegetical  works  on  the  Holy  Scriptures,  both 
British  and  Foreign." — Home's  Bibl.  Bib.,  265. 

8.  Scriptural  Vindication   of  Church   Establishments, 
1836,  12mo.     9.  Authority  of  Tradition  in  Matters  of  Re 
ligion,  1838,  12mo.     10.  Treatise  on  Justification,  1840, 
12mo. 

Holden,  Henry,  D.D.,  1596-1662,  a  learned  R.  Ca 
tholic  divine,  a  native  of  Lancashire,  was  educated  at 
Douay,  where  he  took  the  name  of  Johnson,  and  from 
1623  until  his  death  was  attached  to  the  University  of 
Paris.  1.  Divinae  Fidei  Analysis,  Paris,  1652,  8vo.  Editio 
altera,  printed  by  Barbou,  1767,  12mo.  In  English,  by 
W.  G.,  1658,  4to. 

"  An  excellent  work,  and  comprises,  in  a  few  words,  the  whole 
economy  of  religion." — L'Avocat. 

Dupin  gives  an  analysis  of  this  work,  and  commends 
it,  and  Charles  Butler  also  speaks  highly  of  it.  2.  Mar 
ginal  Notes  on  the  New  Test,  1660,  2  vols.  12mo.  3.  Lett, 
cone.  White's  De  Medio  Animarum  Statu,  1661,  4to.  4. 
Tract,  de  Schismate.  5.  Tract,  de  Usura.  See  Dupin; 
Dodd's  Ch.  Hist. ;  Biog.  Univ. 

Holden,  Horace.  A  Narrative  of  his  Shipwreck, 
Ac.,  Boat.,  1836.  See  N.  Amer.  Rev.,  xliii.  206;  Lieber's 
Essays  on  Property,  &c. 

Holden,  Rev.  Hubert  Ashton.  1.  Foliormn  Sil- 
vula:  Selec.  for  Lat  and  Gr.  Verse,  Camb.,  1852,  p.  8vo ;  2d 
ed.,  1857.  Pt.  2, 1857;  2d  ed.,  1858.  2.  Foliorum  Centurise: 
Selec.  for  Lat.  and  Gr.  Prose,  1852,  p.  8vo;  ,2d  ed.,  1858. 

Holden,  J.     Serrn.  at  Nortian,  Sussex,  1812. 

Holden,  John.  Essay  towards  a  Rational  System 
of  Music,  Glasg.,  1770,  4to ;  Edin.,  1807,  8vo. 

Holden,  L.  1.  A  Manual  of  the  Dissection  of  the 
Human  Body,  Lon.,  1849-50,  3  Pts.  p.  8vo.  2.  Human 
Osteology,  1855,  8vo,  2d  ed.,  1857. 

Holden,  Laurence,  a  Unitarian  minister  of  Maldon, 
Essex,  England,  b.  1710.  1.  XXII.  Serms.,  Lon.,  1755, 
8vo.  2.  Fast  Serm.,  1757,  8vo.  3.  A  Paraphrase  of  the 
Book  of  Job,  Psalms,  Proverbs,  and  Ecclesiastes,  with 
Notes,  Crit,  Hist,  and  Prac.,  1763,  4  vols.  8vo. 

"  This  is  one  of  the  worst  specimens  in  the  English  language 
of  paraphrastic  interpretation." — Orme's  Bibl.  Bib. 

"  To  what  class  of  readers  this  performance  will  be  useful  or 
agreeable,  we  really  know  not;  but  this  we  verily  believe,  that 
persons  of  taste,  learning,  or  judgment,  will  find  very  little  in  it 
to  engage  their  attention." — Lon.  Month.  Rev.,  O.  S.,  xxxi.  73. 

"  The  public  opinion  seems  to  have  been  in  unison  with  that  of 
the  Monthly  Reviewers;  the  book  has  never  been  popular,  and  it 
is  to  be  purchased  at  a  very  low  price;  on  which  account,  this 
notice  is  inserted  as  a  caution  to  the  student  who  may  be  inex 
perienced  in  the  real  value  of  books." — Home's  Bibl.  Bib. 

4.  Paraphrase  on  Isaiah,  Chelmsf..  1776,  2  vols.  8vo. 
"  In  little  estimation." — Lowndes's  Brit.  Lib. 

5.  Funl.  Serm.,  Tenderden,  1813,  8vo. 

Holden,  R.  Doctrine  of  R.  Catholics  cone,  the  Eccles. 
Guide  in  Controversies  of  Religion,  [by  R.  H.,]  1623. 

Holden,  Samuel.  Answer  to  a  Letter  to  S.  H..  Lon., 
1732,  8vo. 

Holden,  Thomas.  Shoe-making  Machine:  Nic. 
Jour.,  1806. 

Holden,  Rev.  Win.  C.,  fifteen  years  a  resident  at 
the  colony  of  Natal,  South  Africa.  History  of  the  Colony 
of  Natal,  Lon.,  1855,  8vo. 

"  The  information  contained  in  this  history  evinces  much  care 
and  diligence  in  its  collection,  and  may  be  regarded  as  fully  re 
liable." — Lon.  Quar.  Rev. 

"  It  is  the  best  book  that  we  have  seen  on  Natal."— ion.  Edtc. 
Rev. 

Holder,  Rev.  Henry  Evans,  of  Barbadoes,  pub.  a 
number  of  Discourses,  a  novel,  a  poem,  and  theolog.  and 
educational  works,  1783-98. 

Holder,  William,  D.D.,  d.  1697,  Canon  of  Ely  and 
of  St.  Paul's.  1.  Elements  of  Speech,  Lon.,  1669,  8vo. 
Commended  by  Charles  Burney,  Mus.  Doc.  2.  Supp.  to 


Phil.  Trans,  of  July,  1670,  4to,  1678.  3.  Discourse  on 
Time,  1694,  1701,  8vo.  4.  Principles,  &c.  of  Harmony, 
1694,  8vo.  See  also  Phil.  Trans.,  1694.  5.  Introductio 
ad  Chronologiam,  Oxf.,  1704,  8vo.  6.  On  Deafness  ;  Phil. 
Trans.,  1668.  See  Athen.  Oxon.;  Ward's  Gresham  Pro 
fessors  ;  Letters  from  the  Bodleian  Lib.,  1813,  3  vols.  Svo; 
Rees's  Cyc. 

Holderness,  Mary.  1.  Manners  and  Customs  of 
the  Crim  Tartars,  12mo.  2.  Journey  from  Riga  to  the 
Crimea,  1823,  8vo.  This  lady  resided  four  years  in  the 
Crimea.  3.  A  Manual  of  Devotion,  1825,  12mo. 

Holdich,  Joseph,  D.D.,  a  Methodist  minister,  b.  in 
Thorney  Fen,  Cambridgeshire,  England,  admitted  into 
the  Phila.  Conference,  1822 ;  Prof,  of  Moral  Science  and 
Belles-Lettres  in  the  Wesleyan  Univ.,  Middletown,  Conn., 
1835-49;  a  secretary  of  the  American  Bible  Society,  1849 
to  the  present  time.  1.  Bible  Questions.  2.  Bible  History. 
3.  Memoirs  of  Aaron  H.  Kurd.  4.  Life  of  Wilbur  Fisk.D.D., 
N.  York,  1842,  8vo.  Dr.  H.  has  also  contributed  a  number 
of  articles  to  periodicals. 

Holditch,  Benjamin.  Hist,  of  Crowland  Abbey  ; 
digested  from  materials  collected  by  Mr.  Gough,  1816,  8vo. 
Perhaps  the  same  person  as  the  next. 

Holditch,  Benjamin,  1770-1824,  editor  of  the 
Farmer's  Journal.  1.  The  Weeds  of  Agriculture,  1825,  Svo. 
Posth. ;  pub.  by  Geo.  Sinclair. 

"No  better  work  can  be  in  the  hands  of  the  tiller  of  the  soil."— 
Donaldson's  Agricult.  Biog. 

2.  Ewes  in  the  Lambing  Season.  He  left  some  addit. 
papers  on  British  Grasses,  which  were  not  pub.  See  Do 
naldson's  Agricult.  Biog. 

Holditch,  Rob.  Emigrant's  Guide  to  America, 
Economical  and  Political,  1818,  Svo. 

Holdreth,  Lionel  H.  Shadows  of  the  Past,  Lon., 
1856. 

"  They  seem  to  have  been  suggested  by  real  experience,  and  not 
to  spring  from  the  vague  determination  to  write  poetry.  The 
echoes  of  the  Tennysonian  music  predominate  in  these  poems,  as 
they  do  in  most  volumes  of  verse  that  we  open."  — Westminster 
Rev.,  July,  1856. 

Holdsworth,  Edward,  1688-1747,  an  excellent 
scholar,  educated  at  Magdalen  Hall,  Oxford.  1.  Musci- 
pula ;  a  Latin  Poem.  There  is  an  English  trans,  of  this  by 
J.  Hoadly  in  Dodsley's  Miscellanies,  vol.  v.,  and  another 
trans,  among  Dr.Cobden's  Poems;  also  trans,  by  R.Lewis, 
1728.  2.  The  Two  Phillipi  in  Virgil's  Georgics,  1741,  4to. 
3.  Remarks,  <fec.  on  Virgil ;  pub.  by  Joseph  Spence,  with 
addits.,  1768,  4to.  See  Spence's  Polymetis;  Nichols's  Lit. 
Anec. ;  Nichols's  Hist,  of  Leicestershire;  Gent.  Mag.,  vol. 
Ixi. 

Holdsworth,  Holsworth,  Olds  worth,  or  Oldis- 
worth,  Richard,  D.D.,  1590-1649,  educated  at  and 
Fellow  of  St.  John's  Coll.,  Camb. ;  Prof,  of  Divinity  at 
Gresham  Coll.,  1629;  Preb.  of  Lincoln,  1631;  Archdeacon 
of  Huntingdon,  1633 ;  Master  of  Emanuel  Coll.,  Camb., 
1637.  He  was  attached  to  the  cause  of  Charles  I.,  and 
twice  imprisoned  by  the  Republicans.  1.  Serm.,  Ps.  cxliv. 
15;  H.  M.  Inaug.,  Camb.,  1642,  4to.  2.  Answer  without 
a  Question,  Lon.,  1649.  3.  Valley  of  Vision;  in  twenty- 
one  Serms.,  1651,  4to. 

"  The  author  was  composed  of  a  learned  head,  a  gracious  heart, 
a  bountiful  hand,  and  a  patient  back  comfortably  and  cheerfully 
to  endure  such  heavy  afflictions  as  were  laid  upon  him." — Thomas 
Fuller's  Preface. 

4.  Praelectiones  Theologicae,  1661,  fol.  Pub.  by  hia 
nephew,  Dr.  Wm.  Pearson,  with  a  life  of  the  author,  q.  v. 
See  also  Ward's  Gresham  Professors ;  Athen.  Oxon. ; 
Barwick's  Life ;  Walker's  Sufferings  of  the  Clergy;  Lloyd's 
Memoirs,  vol.  i. ;  Peck's  Desiderata,  vol.  ii. 

Holdsworth,  W.  Natural  Short-Hand.  See  ALD- 
RIDGE,  W. 

Holdsworth,  Winch,  D.D.  1.  Serm.,  John  v.  28, 29, 
Oxf.,  1720,  Svo.  This  serin.,  on  the  resurrection  of  the 
same  body,  directed  against  Locke  and  others,  occasioned 
some  controversy.  2.  Defence  of  the  Resurrection  of  the 
same  Body,  Lon.,  1727,  Svo.  Also  against  the  views  of 
Mr.  Locke. 

Hole,  John.     Dictionary  of  Music,  1791,  Svo. 

Hole,  Matthew,  d.  1730?  aged  about  90,  entered 
Exeter  College,  Oxford,  1657;  Fellow,  1663;  Preb.  of 
Wells,  1687;  Vicar  of  Stoke  Courcy,  about  1687;  Rector 
of  his  College,  1715.  He  is  best  known  by  the  following 
excellent  works,  i.e.  Nos.  1,  2,  and  3.  1.  Prac.  Expos,  of  the 
Church  Catechism,  Lon.,  1708,  4to ;  1715,  2  vols.  Svo; 
vol.  i.,  3d  ed.,  1732,  Svo;  vol.  ii.  1731,  Svo. 

"  This  is  an  elaborate  exposition,  though  deficient  in  the  full 
statement  of  evangelical  motives.  There  are  others  by  Kenn, 
i  Wake,  Marsh,  James  Stillingfleet,  the  Bristol  Tract  Society,  Basil, 
i  Woodd,  Dixon,  &c."—Bickersteth's  Chris.  Stu. 


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2.  Prac.  Discourses  on  all  the  Parts  and  Offices  of  the 
Liturgy  of   the   Church  of  Eng.,    1714-16,   6  vols.   8vo. 
Often  bound  in  4  or  5  vols.     New  ed.,  by  Rev.  J.  A.  Giles, 
1837-38,  4  vols.  Svo. 

"  An  elaborate  practical  work,  but  not  duly  exhibiting  evan 
gelical  motives."— BicktrsleWs  C.  S. 

3.  Prac.  Discourses  on  Charity,  Oxf.,  1725,  Svo. 

An  eminent  authority  remarks  of  the  three  works  above 
noticed, 

"  They  are  all  characterized  by  good  sense  and  sober  piety."— 
Home's  Bibl.  Bib. 

4.  Serms.  on  Acts  xiv.  17,  1720,  Svo.     5.  On  Matt.  xi. 
6,  1721,  Svo.     6.  On  Acts  v.  38,  39.      7.  On  1  Tim.  vi.  9, 
10,  1721,  Svo.     He  also  pub.  several  separate  serms.,  and 
some  theolog.  treatises. 

Hole,  Richard,  d.  1803,  succeeded  to  the  living  of 
Farringdon  in  1792.  1.  Fingal,  in  rhyme.  2.  Homer's 
Hymn  to  Ceres,  in  English  verse,  1781,  8vo. 

"  A  beautiful  translation,  though  somewhat  too  paraphrastic." 

3.  Arthur;  a  Poet.  Romance,  1789,  4to.  4.  Remarks  on 
the  Arabian  Nights,  1797,  Svo.  See  FOSTER,  REV.  EDWARD, 
p.  616.  5.  Character  of  Homer's  Ulysses,  1807,  Svo. 

Hole,  Robert.  Parthenia  Inviolata;  or,  Mayden- 
Musick  for  the  Virginalls,  4to. 

Hole,  Wm.,  D.D.  Archdeacon  of  Staple,  son  of  the 
preceding.  1.  Observ.  upon  Ornaments  in  Churches,  4to. 
2.  Serm.,  Oxf.,  1743,  Svo. 

Holford,  George,  M.P.  1.  Poems,  1789.  2.  Destruc. 
of  Jerusalem,  1805,  Svo.  3.  Observations,  1808,  Svo.  4. 
Speech,  1814,  Svo.  5.  Speech,  1815,  Svo.  6.  Thoughts  on 
the  Criminal  Prisons  of  this  Country,  1821.  See  Rev. 
Sydney  Smith's  Works,  Lon.,  1854,  ii.  202-239. 

Holford,  Mrs.  M.,  of  Chester.  1.  Fanny  and  Selina ; 
a  Tale.  With  Gresford  Vale,  and  other  Poems,  Lon.,  1798, 
12mo.  2.  Gresford  Vale,  Ac.,  1798,  4to.  3.  Neither's  the 
Man;  a  Com.,  1799,  Svo.  4.  First  Impressions;  a  Nov., 
1801,  4  vols.  12mo.  5.  Way  to  Win  her;  a  Com.,  1814. 

Holford,  Miss  Margaret.     See  HODSON,  MRS. 

Holgate,  Jerome  B.  1.  Atlas  of  American  Hist., 
1492-1842,  N.  York,  1842,  fol.  2.  Key  to  Historical  Chart, 
1838,  Svo.  3.  Conversations  on  the  Present  Age  of  the 
World,  in  connection  with  Prophecy,  Albany,  1852,  12mo. 
4.  American  Genealogy ;  being  a  Hist,  of  some  of  the 
Early  Settlers  of  N.  America,  and  their  Descendants, 
1856,  4to. 

Holiband,  Claudius.    See  HOLLYBAND. 

Holiday,  Barten.     See  HOLYDAY. 

Holinshed,  Holinshead,  Holingshed,  orHol- 
lynshed,  Raphael,  known  by  the  valuable  chronicles 
that  go  under  his  name,  was  descended  from  a  family 
which  lived  at  Bosely,  in  Cheshire,  and  died  between  1578 
and  1582;  and  this  is  all  that  has  been  ascertained  respect 
ing  him.  The  Chronicles  of  Englande,  Scotlande,  and 
Ireland,  Lon.,  1577,  2  vols.  fol.  This  is  the  first— or 
"  Sbakspeare"  (so  called  because  used  by  the  great  bard 
in  the  arrangement  of  some  of  his  plots) — edition.  It 
contains  many  wood-cuts,  which  were  omitted  and  the 
language  altered  in  the  2d  edit,  which  appeared  in 
1586-87,  3  vols.  fol. :  commonly  bound  in  two.  This  edit, 
was  supervised,  corrected,  and  enlarged  by  Abraham 
Fleming,  and  his  brother  Samuel  assisted  in  compiling 
the  elaborate  index.  Holinshed  was  not  the  sole  author 
of  these  Chronicles.  Vol.  i.  was  partly  composed  by  Wil 
liam  Harrison,  (q.  v.,  pp.  793-794;)  vol.  ii.  by  Richard 
Stanihurst;  John  Hooker,  alias  Vowell;  R.  H.  or  W.  H., 
(probably  Wm.  Harrison;)  Francis  Boteviile,  alias  Thin  ; 
and  others ;  vol.  iii.  by  John  Stow,  Fr.  Thin,  Abr.  Fle 
ming,  and  others.  Vol.  i.  gives  us  an  Historical  Description 
of  Britain  by  Harrison,  and  the  History  of  England, 
"  from  the  time  that  it  was  first  inhabited  until  the  time 
that  it  was  last  conquered,"  by  Holinshed.  Vol.  ii.  con 
tains  the  History  of  Ireland,  by  Holinshed,  <tc.,  to  1509, 
and  from  1509  to  1586,  by  Stanihurst  and  Hooker ;  also 
the  History  of  Scotland  to  1571,  by  Holinshed;  and  from 
1571  to  1586,  by  Boteviile  and  others.  Vol.  iii.  contains 
the  History  of  England  from  William  the  Conqueror  to 
1577,  by  Holinshed;  and  from  1577  to  1586,  by  Stow,  Fr. 
Thin,  Fleming,  and  others. 

"The  Continuation  from  1576  to  1586  contained  several  curious 
^«SjS?;.ffTJS.JS?L<f  e™ '  a*  the  time  of  publication, 


ing  from  1220  to 

they  extend  from  1491  to  1£ 

of  Holinshed,  and  were  republished  by  DrY] 


igly  suppressed,  whereby,  says  Herbert,  the  pag- 
i?m  f  7SS  lrreS«lar.  According  to  Nicolson, 
1491  to  1536.  These  are  called  the  Castrations 

~. ,* , 1  were  republished  by  Dr.  Drake  in  1728  in  black 

letter,  in  a  thin  folio  volume.    The  curious,  however,  necessarily 
look  sharply  after  the  original  pages.    A  copy  of  this  kind  was  in 
the  Harleian  and  another  in  Dr.  Mead's  collection."— IHbdin's  Lib. 
(Jowip. 
The  credit  of  the  plan  of  Holinshed's  Chronicle  seems 

864 


to  be  due  to  Reginald  Wolfe,  the  king's  printer,  who  de 
signed  originally  nothing  less  than  a  "universal  Cos 
mography  of  the  whole  world."  In  1807-08,  6  vols.  4to, 
appeared  a  new  ed.  of  the  Chronicles,  in  which  the  Cas 
trations  are  restored.  A  copious  Index — that  rare  luxury 
— adds  to  the  value  of  this  noble  set  of  quartos.  Copies 
are  worth  about  £6  to  £7,  according  to  condition  and 
binding.  Copies  of  the  1st  and  2d  eds.  have  been  sold 
for  high  prices.  Of  the  1st  ed.,  Nassau's  copy  sold  for 
£15  15«.;  Steevens's  for  £22.  Of  the  2d  ed.,  Steevens's 
sold  for  £23;  Reed's  for  £23  10«.;  the  Roxburghe  for 
£31  10*.;  Willett's  for  £36  4s.  6d.;  Sir  Robert  Smyth's 
for  £40.  We  are  now  quoting  the  highest  prices  with 
which  we  are  acquainted,  with  the  exception  of  the  re 
markable  copy  (a  large-paper,  if  there  were  any  on  large 
paper)  in  4  vols.,  purchased  by  Richard  Heber  from  Col. 
Stanley's  collection  for  £63.  The  reprint  of  1807-08  has 
diminished  the  value  of  the  earlier  edits.  Hooker's  trans, 
from  the  Latin  of  Giraldus's  Conquest  of  England,  in 
Holinshed's  Chronicles,  has  been  highly  commended: 

"  Barry's  topographical  labours  appear  to  the  best  advantage  in 
Holinshed's  Chronicle,  translated  and  improved,  with  occasional 
notes,  by  John  Hooker,  alias  Vowell,  vol.  ii.,  edit.  1586."— Dildirts 
Lib.  Oomp. 

The  same  authority  remarks  that  Holinshed's  Chronicles 
are 

"  By  far  the  most  popular  and  important  of  our  historical  records, 
in  print,  during  the  time  of  Queen  Elizabeth ;  and  from  which, 
indeed,  all  modern  historians  have  freely  and  largely  borrowed." 
— Ubi  supra. 

"The  chronicle  of  Holinshed  is  more  full  and  complete  than 
any  of  its  predecessors,  and  less  loaded  with  trifling  matters.  . . . 
The  Description  of  England  [Harrison's]  prefixed  to  the  first 
volume  is  the  most  interesting  and  valuable  document,  as  a  pic 
ture  of  the  country,  and  of  the  costume  and  mode  of  living  of 
its  inhabitants,  which  the  sixteenth  century  has  produced."  See 
Drake's  Shakspeare  and  his  Times. 

"  You  would  smile  at  my  love  of  black-letter,  were  I  to  refer 
you  to  Holinshed  or  Stowe;  men,  I  assure  you,  by  no  means  des 
picable."—  DR.  RICHARD  FARMER  :  Lett,  to  a  Friend  on  the  Study  of 
Emg.  Hist. 

See  also  Biog.  Brit;  Tanner's  Bibliotheca;  Bishop 
Nicolson's  Hist.  Lib.;  Herbert's  Typ.  Antiq. ;  Hallam's 
Lit.  Hist,  of  Europe,  ed.  1854,  i.  447,  n. ;  Hallam's  Con- 
stit.  Hist,  of  Eng.,  1854,  i.  146,  n.,  Ac. 

A  little  experience  in  such  studies  will  replace  the  smile 
which  Dr.  Farmer  feared  by  one  of  contentment  and  satis 
faction,  and  the  delighted  black-letter  student  will  not 
need  much  persuasion  to  induce  him  often  to  revel  in 

"Our  old  monkish  chroniclers, — those  authentic  and  amusing 
relators  of  passing  occurrences,  who  carry  the  reader  back  with 
them  by  an  irresistible  spell  to  the  days  in  which  they  lived  and 
among  the  scenes  and  persons  which  they  describe." — Lon.  Quar. 
Rev. 

If  he  wish  to  dive  deep  into  these  picturesque  records 
of  the  past,  we  will  aid  him  by  a  list  of  titles  of  a  set  of 
Chronicles  formerly  (perhaps  yet)  oifered  for  sale  by  Mr. 
Henry  G.  Bohn,  of  Covent  Garden,  London  : — 1.  FROIS- 
SART,  by  Col.  Johnes,  4  vols.  2.  MONSTRELET,  by  Col. 
Johnes,  4  vols.  3.  ROBERT  OP  GLOUCESTER,  2  vols.  4. 
PETER  LANGTOFT,  2  vols.  5.  JOINVILLE'S  MEMOIRS,  1 
vol.  6.  HOLINSHED,  6  vols.  7.  GRAFTON,  2  vols.  8.  WIL 
LIAM  OF  MALMESBURY,  1  vol.  9.  HALL,  1  vol.  10.  HAR- 
DYNG,  1  vol.  11.  FABYAN,  1  vol.  12.  FULLER'S  WOR 
THIES,  2  vols.  13.  ARNOLD  and  RASTELL,  1  vol.  In  all, 
28  vols.  r.  4to,  reprints,  1803-15.  This  noble  set  of  books 
is  richly  bound  in  olive  morocco,  gilt  in  the  old  style,  mar 
bled  and  gilt  edges,  by  no  less  a  workman  than  CLARKE. 
The  price — ay,  there's  the  rub  ! — the  price  asked  was  £105. 
Another  set,  consisting  of  a  portion  only  of  these  Chro 
nicles,  is  described  by  Dibdin  in  his  Library  Companion, 
ed.  1825,  p.  197. 

Holkot,  Robert.     See  HOLCOT. 

Holland,  Miss.  Progressive  Education ;  trans,  of 
Madame  Necker  de  Saussure's  Progressive  Education, 
Lon.,  vols.  i.  and  il.,  1839,  fp.  Svo;  iii.,  1843,  12mo. 

"  It  is  worthy  the  attention  and  serious  perusal  of  every  teacher, 
every  parent,  every  magistrate  or  divine,  in  the  kingdom." — Lon. 
Educational  Mag. 

Holland,  Capt.  Observ.  on  the  Islands  of  St.  John 
and  Cape  Breton  ;  Phil.  Trans.,  1768. 

Holland,  Abraham.  Naumachia;  or,  Holland's 
Sea-Fight,  Lon.,  1622,  4to.  This  is  a  poem. 

Holland,  Edwin  C.,  a  lawyer  of  Charleston,  S.C., 
pub.  in  1814  a  vol.  of  Odes,  Naval  Songs,  and  other  Poems, 
originally  printed  in  the  Phila.  Port-Folio. 

Holland,  Elihu  G.,  b.  1S17,  at  Solon,  Cortlandt 
county,  New  York*  1.  The  Being  of  God  and  the  Immortal 
Life,  1846.  2.  Reviews  and  Essays,  1849.  See  Brown- 
son's  Quar.  Rev.,  iv.  135.  3.  Essays;  and  The  Highland 
Treason,  a  Drama  [founded  on  the  treason  of  Arnold]  in 
5  Acts,  1852.  4.  Memoir  of  the  Rev.  Joseph  Badger,  1853. 


HOL 


HOL 


See  Christian  Examiner  for  July,  1854 ;  Duyckincks'  Cyc. 
of  Amer.  Lit. 

Holland,  Francis.  On  Davisson's  Serm.,  Lon., 
1720,  8vo. 

Holland,  G.  Immortality  of  the  Soul,  Lon.,  1653, 
8vo. 

Holland,  G.  Calvert,  M.D.,  has  pub.  several  pro 
fessional  works,  Lon.,  1838-50. 

Holland,  Henry.  A  Treat,  against  Witchcraft, 
Camb.,  1590,  4to.  Other  theolog.  treatises,  <fcc.,  Lon., 
1593-99. 

Holland,  Henry,  a  bookseller  in  London,  a  son  of 
Philemon  Holland,  the  translator.  1.  Basilioologia:  a 
Book  of  Kings;  Effigies  of  all  our  English  Kings  from 
the  Conquest,  Lon.,  1618,  fol.  32  Portraits.  The  "Dela- 
bere  copy"  quoted  by  Granger,  (preserved  for  150  years 
in  the  Delabere  family,)  containing  152  portraits,  was  cut 
up  and  the  portraits  sold  separately  by  Christie,  March 
29,  1811.  The  vol.  sold  in  this  way  produced  £601  12*.  &d. 
See  Granger's  Biog.  Hist,  of  Eng. ;  Dibdin's  Lib.  Comp., 
and  his  Bibliog.  Decameron ;  Brunei's  Manual ;  Lowndes's 
Bibl.  Manual.  2.  Heroologia  Anglia,  1620,  2  vols.  fol. 
This  contains  portraits  (65  and  frontispiece)  of  eminent 
Englishmen,  1500-1620,  with  short  lives,  r  The  engravings 
are  chiefly  by  Pass  and  Janson. 

"This  is  the  favourite  volume  of  a  thorough-bred  Grangerite; 
•who,  without  pity  or  remorse,  plunges  his  trenchant  scissors  into 
the  very  abdomen  of  the  tome." — Dibdin's  Bibl.  Decameron,  q.  v.  : 
see  also  his  Lib.  Comp. ;  Lowndes's  Bibb  Man. 

One  of  Edwards's  copies,  which  had  been  Mariette's, 
(who  had  annexed  to  each  portrait  the  name  of  the  collec 
tion  from  whence  it  was  taken,)  was  sold  for  £13  ;  another 
of  Edwards's,  which  had  belonged  to  Buchelius,  who  wrote 
Latin  verses  under  each  portrait,  was  sold  for  £15;  Wil- 
lett's  for  £18;  Williams's  for  £27  16s.  6rf.  But  these  are 
the  highest  prices  with  which  we  are  acquainted.  Mr. 
Joseph  Lilly  offers  (in  1856)  a  fine  copy,  beautifully  bound 
by  Clarke  and  Bedford,  for  £12  12s. 

Holland,  Henry.  A  Pedigree  of  Lancasterian  and 
Derbyshire  Families  of  Hollands,  <fcc.,  1615,  Svo. 

Holland,  Henry.     Physick,  Ac.  in  Pestilence,  1630. 

Holland,  Sir  Henry,  M.D.,b.  Oct.  27, 1788,  at  Knuts- 
ford,  in  Cheshire,  Physician-in-Ordinary  to  the  Queen,  1852, 
was  created  a  baronet  in  1853.  His  Thesis  upon  graduation 
was  on  the  Diseases  of  Iceland.  See  MACKENZIE,  SIR 
GEORGE  STEWART,  Bart.  1.  General  View  of  the  Agricult. 
of  Cheshire,  Lon.,  1807,  8vo.  Commended  in  Donaldson's 
Agricult.  Biog.  A  Sketch  of  the  Nat.  Hist,  of  the  Cheshire 
Kock-salt  District,  by  Dr.  Holland,  will  be  found  in  the 
Geolog.  Trans,  i.  38;  and  a  paper  on  the  Manufacture  of 
the  Sulphate  of  Magnesia  at  Monte  della  Guardia,  near 
Genoa,  in  Phil.  Trans.,  1816,  294.  2.  Travels  in  the  Ionian 
Isles,  Albania,  Thessaly,  and  Greece,  1812-13,  4to,  1815 
£3  3*.;  2d  ed.,  1819,  2  vols.  8vo.  An  interesting  work 
frequently  referred  to  in  the  Life  of  Lord  Byron. 

"  Classical,  antiquarian,  and  statistical  information  is  here  in 
termixed  with  valuable  remarks  on  the  natural  history,  manners 
political  state,  &c.  of  the  countries  visited,  especially  Albania."— 
Stevenson's  Voyages  and  Travels. 

Reviewed  in  Lon.  Quar.  Rev.,  xxiii.  325-360 ;  and  in  the 
Edin.  Rev.,  xxv.  455-485.     Both  of  these  articles  should 
be  read  (as  well  as  the  Travels  reviewed)  by  those  inte 
rested  in  Modern  Greece.  3.  Medical  Notes  and  Reflections 
2d  ed.,  1839, 8vo.  Amer.  ed.,  Phila,,  1836,  8vo ;  3d  ed.,Ldn.; 
1855,  8vo.     The  2d  ed.  was  reviewed  in  Lon.  Quar.  Rev. 
Ixv.  315-340,  q.  v.      The  3d  ed.  is  noticed  in  the  West 
minster  Review  for  January,  1856,  where  this  invaluabl 
guide  is  justly  described  as 

"  A  work  which  has  done  much  to  improve  the  general  tone  ol 
thought  upon  medical  subjects  in  the  mind  both  of  the  profession 
and  the  public." 

In  the  1st  and  2d  eds.  there  were  a  few  chapters  on 
psychological  subjects,  which  the  author  transferred  to  a 
separate  volume,  viz. :  (4.)  Chapters  on  Mental  Physiology 
1852,  p.  8vo.  These  have  been  replaced,  in  the  3d  ed.  ol 
Medical  Notes  and  Reflections,  by  four  new  chapters.  The 
new  ed.  is  also  otherwise  enlarged.  3d  Amer.  ed.  of  Medica 
Notes  and  Reflections,  Phila.,  1857,  8vo.  This  excellen 
work  embodies  the  results  of  nearly  forty  years'  activi 
practice  in  London. 

Holland,  Lady,  formerly  Miss  Saba  Smith,  i 
daughter  of  the  late  Rev.  Sydney  Smith,  Canon-Residen 
tiary  of  St.  Paul's  Cathedral,  London,  was  married  tc 
the  preceding  in  1834.  A  Memoir  of  the  Rev.  Sydney 
Smith,  by  his  Daughter,  Lady  Holland,  with  a  Selection 
from  his  Letters,  edited  by  Mrs.  Austin,  Lon.,  1855,  5 
vols.  8vo;  1st  ed.  pub.  in  May  and  the  4th  in  December 
See  Blackw.  Mag.,  March,  1856;  N.  Amer.  Rev.,  Jan 
55 


1856 ;  Lon.  Athen.,  1855,  665-667,  699-701.     See  SMITH, 
R.EV.  SYDNEY. 

Holland,  Henry.     See  HOLLAND,  ROBERT. 
Holland,  Henry  Fox,  firstLord,  1705-1774,  second 
n  of  Sir  Stephen  Fox,  and  father  of  Charles  James  Fox, 
was  the  author  of  some  fugitive  poetry.     See  Park's  Wal- 
jole's  R.  and  N.  Authors. 

Holland,  Henry  Edward  Fox,  fourth  Lord,  b. 
1802,  second  son  of  the  third  Lord  Holland.  See  next 
article  but  one. 

Holland,  Henry  Rich,  Earl  of,  an  adherent  of 
Charles  I.,  executed  by  the  Parliamentarians,  March  9, 
1648-49,  pub.— 1.  A  Letter  to  the  Lords  of  Parliament, 
1641,  4to.  2.  A  Declaration  made  to  the  Kingdome,  1643, 
4to.  See  Park's  Walpole's  R.  and  N.  Authors,  iii.  34-36. 
Holland,  Henry  Richard  V assail,  third  Lord, 
1773-1840.  See  Fox.  See  also  Lon.  Gent.  Mag.,  Dec. 
1840,  and  authorities  cited  below.  In  addition  to  the 
publications  noticed  in  preceding  articles,  his  lordship 
wrote  a  Preface  to  Horace  Walpole's  Memoirs  of  George 
II.,  1822,  2  vols.  r.  4to,  1846,  3  vols.  8vo,  Ac.,  and  a  Pre 
face  to  the  Earl  of  Waldegrave's  Memoirs,  1754-58,  1821, 
4to.  Since  his  death  there  has  been  pub. — 1.  Lord  Hol 
land's  Foreign  Reminiscences  ;  edited  by  his  son,  Henry 
Edward,  fourth  Lord  Holland,  1850,  p.  8vo;  2d  ed.,  1851, 
p.  8vo.  See  Lon.  Quar.  Rev.,  Ixxxviii.  492-528 ;  Edin. 
Rev.,  xciii.  137-171 ;  Blackw.  Mag.,  Ixix.  335 ;  Eclec. 
Rev.,  4th  Ser.,  xxix.  335 ;  Eraser's  Mag.,  xliii.  220.  2. 
Memoirs  of  the  Whig  Party  during  my  Time ;  edited  by 
his  son,  Henry  Edward,  fourth  Lord  Holland.  Vol.  i., 
1852,  p.  8vo  ;  vol.  ii.,  1854,  p.  8vo.  See  Eclec.  Rev.,  4th 
Ser.,  xxxi.  555;  Athenaeum,  1852,  295-297;  1854,  77-79; 
Edin.  Rev.,  April,  1856.  The  reader  must  also  consult 
Lord  Holland's  Opinions  as  recorded  in  the  House  of 
Lords,  1797-1841,  cr.  8vo,  1841.  Collected  by  D.  C.  Moy- 
lan.  Reviewed  by  T.  B.  Macaulay,  in  Edin.  Rev.,  July, 
1841 ;  in  his  Crit.  and  Hist.  Essays,  iii.  56-68'.  See  also 
Lord  Brougham's  Statesmen  of  the  Time  of  George  III., 
ed.  1856,  vol.  ii.  257-271 ;  Lady  Holland's  Life  of  the  Rev. 
Sydney  Smith,  1855,  2  vols.  8yo. 

Holland,  Hezekiah,  minister  at  Sutton  Valence. 
1.  Serms.,  John  xiii.  1,  Lon.,  1649,  8vo.  2.  Comment,  on 
the  Revelation  of  St.  John,  1650,  4to.  3.  Adam's  Condi 
tion  in  Paradise,  <fec.,  1656,  4to. 

Holland,  Hugh,  a  poet,  "Mr.  Camden's  grateful 
scholar :"  (Bishop  Nicolson's  Eng.  Hist.  Lib.)  1.  Monu- 
menta  Sepulchralia  Sancti  Pauli,  Lon.,  1614,  4to. 

"  A  mean  and  dull  performance  in  comparison  of  that  more 
absolute  one  of  Sir  Will.  Dugdale  in  his  history  of  that  cathedral 
from  its  first  foundation." — BISHOP  NICOLSON:  ubi  supra. 

2.  A  Cypres  Garland  for  the  Sacred  Forehead  of  our 
late  Soueraine  King  James,  1625,  4to;  twelve  leaves.  3. 
Ecclesia  Sancti  Pavli  illvstrata,  1633,  4to.  Holland  pre 
fixed  verses  to  the  first  fol.  ed.  of  Shakspeare's  Plays,  and 
left  some  compositions  in  MS.  See  Brydges'a  Phillips'a 
Theat.  Poet.  Anglic.,  324-325. 

Holland,  John,  a  Dissenting  minister.  1.  Two 
Serms.,  Luke  xxi.  34,  Lon.,  1750,  8vo.  2.  Serms.,  1753, 
2  vols.  8vo.  Highly  commended  by  Lon.  Month.  Repository. 
Holland,  John,  a  Dissenting  minister.  1.  Geography ; 
5th  ed.,  Lon.,  1813,  Svo.  2.  History;  new  ed.,  1815,  12mo. 
3.  Definitions,  &c.,  1804, 12mo.  4.  Ralph  Warrison's  Serms., 
with  his  Life  and  a  Discourse,  1813,  Svo. 

Holland,  John.  1.  A  Treat,  on  Manufactures  in 
Metals,  Lon.,  1834,  3  vols.  fp.  Svo;  new  ed.,  1841,  3  vols. 
fp.  Svo.  (Lardner's  Cyc.)  2.  Hist,  of  Fossil  Fuel,  <fcc., 
1841,  Svo. 

Holland,  John.  1.  The  Psalmists  of  Britain,  Lon., 
1843,  2  vols.  Svo.  2.  With  James  Everett,  Memoirs  of 
the  Life  and  Writings  of  James  Montgomery:  including 
Selections  from  his  Correspondence,  Remains  in  Prose  and 
Verse,  and  Conversations,  Lon.,  7  vols.  p.  Svo:  i.-iv.,  1855  ; 
v.-vii.,  1856.  Vols.  i.  and  ii.  were  reviewed  in  the  London 
Times:  see  Bost.  Liv.  Age,  xlvii.  282-288:  MONTGOMERY, 
JAMES. 

Holland,  John.     Poems,  Bost.,  1858,  12mo. 
Holland,  Joseph,  was  the  author  of  a  number  of 
antiquarian  papers  pub.  in  Hearne's  Discourses.     See  list 
in  Watt's  Bibl.  Brit. 

Holland,  Josiah  Gilbert,  M.D.,  b.  July  24,  1819, 
at  Belchertown,  Mass.  1.  Hist,  of  Western  Massachusetts, 
Springfield,  1855,  2  vols.  12mo.  This  is  one  of  the  most 
valuable  contributions  to  American  local  history  yet  given 
to  the  world.  2.  The  Bay  Path  :  a  Colonial  Tale,  N.  York, 
1857, 12mo.  Highly  commended.  3.  Timothy  Titcomb's 
Letters  to  the  Young,  N.Y.,  1858,  12mo.  Nine  editions 
pub.  in  a  few  months. 
"We  have  never  read  a  work  which  better  inculcates  the  several 


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duties  and  responsibilities  of  young  men  and  women,  married  or 
single." — London  Literary  Gazette. 

4.  Bitter  Sweet,  1858,  12mo.  Edited  a  vol.  of  Mrs.  D. 
E.  G.  Shepherd's  Poems,  Springfield,  1854,  12mo.  Dr. 
Holland  has  been  editor  of  the  Springfield  (Mass.)  Repub 
lican  since  1847. 

Holland,  Mary.  The  British  Cook,  Lon.,  1800, 12mo. 
Holland,  Philemon,  M.D.,  d.  1636,  in  his  85th 
year,  a  native  of  Chelmsford,  Essex,  and  Fellow  of  and 
educated  at  Trin.  Coll.,  Cainb.,  subsequently  became  Head- 
Master  of  Coventry  Free-School,  and  a  physician.  His 
versions  into  English  of  the  following  works  gave  him  the 
title  of  the  "  Translate*- General"  of  his  age.  1.  Livy,  Lon., 
1600,  foL 

"Translated  by  that  old  worthy,  Philemon,  who,  for  the  service 
which  he  rendered  to  his  contemporaries  and  to  his  countrymen 
deserves  to  be  called  the  best  of  the  Hollands,  without  disparag 
ing  either  the  Lord  or  the  Doctor  of  that  appellation." — Southey's 
Doctor. 

The  whole  of  this  trans,  was  said  to  have  been  written 
with  one  pen,  which  a  lady  had  set  in  silver  and  pre 
served  as  a  curiosity.  2.  Pliny's  Natural  Hist,  of  the 
World,  1601,  '34,  2  vols.  foL 

"A  work  of  immense  labour,— the  only  encyclopedia  of  the 
ancient  world.  What  few  men  of  bis  time  could  have  executed 
in  a  manner  superior  to  Dr.  Holland." — DR.  A.  CLARKE. 

3.  Plutarch's  Morals.  4.  Suetonius.  5.  Arminius  Mar- 
cellinus.  6.  Xenophon's  Cyropsedia.  7.  Camden's  Bri 
tannia,  1610,  '37,  fol.  Holland  made  some  alterations, 
for  which  Bishop  Nicolson  takes  him  to  task :  see  Eng. 
Hist.  Lib.,  1776,  3-4,  See  also  CAMDEN,  WILLIAM,  p.  194 
of  this  Dictionary.  He  also  trans,  into  Latin  the  Geo 
graphical  part  of  Speed's  Theatre  of  Great  Britain,  and  a 
French  Pharmacopoeia  of  Brice  Bauderon.  He  was  the 
father  of  Henry  Holland,  the  bookseller,  (vide  ante.) 

Holland,  Philip,  a  Unitarian  minister  of  Bolton, 
Lancashire,  for  33  years.  1.  Serin.,  1760,  8vo.  2.  Serm., 
1780,  8vo.  3.  Serm.,  1782,  8vo.  4.  Serms.  on  Practical 
Subjects,  1792,  2  vols.  8vo. 

Holland,  Sir  (?)  Richard.  The  Duke  of  the  Howlat, 
Edin.,  1823,  4to.  Of  this  poetical  satire  on  K.  James  VI. 
of  Scotland,  composed  about  the  middle  of  the  15th  cen 
tury,  and  attributed  to  Richard  or  Sir  Richard  Holland, 
seventy  copies,  with  Preface,  <fcc.,  were  presented  to  the 
Bannatyne  Club,  by  David  Laing,  Esq. 

Holland,  Richard.     1.  Parallax  of  a  Comet,  Ac., 
Oxf.,  1688,  8vo.     2.  Globe  Notes,  Lon.,  1682,  '84,  8vo. 
Holland,  Richard.     Serms.,  1698-1702. 
Holland,  Richard,  M.D.     Nature  and  Cure  of  the 
Small  Pox,  Lon.,  1728,  12mo;  1730,  '40,  '46,  8vo. 

Holland,  Robert,  minister  of  the  church  of  Pren- 
dergast.  The  Hplie  Historie  of  our  Lord  and  Saviovr  lesus 
Christ's  Natiuitie,  <fcc.,  Lon.,  1594,  sm.  8vo. 

"Gathered  into  English  meeter,  and  published  to  withdraw 
vaine  wits  from  all  unsaverie  and  wicked  rimes  and  fables,  to 
some  love  and  liking  of  spirituall  songs  and  holy  scriptures." 

The  author  is  erroneously  called,  by  Herbert,  Henry 
Holland.  Very  rare.  Bibl.  Anglo-Poet.,  391,  £25;  resold, 
Saunders's,  in  1818,  £5  5«.  6cZ. 

Holland,  Samuel.  Romancio-Mastrix ;  or,  A  Ro 
mance  on  Romances,  1660,  12mo.  See  Lowndes's  Bibl. 
Man.,  948. 

Holland,Samnel.  Astronom.con.to  Phil.Trans.,1769. 
Holland,  Samuel,  M.D.,  Rector  of  Poynings.     1. 
Serm.,  Tit  ii.  1,  1814,  8vo;  3d  ed.,  1815,  8vo.    2.  Serm., 
1816,  8vo. 

Holland,  Thomas.  1.  Oratio,  Oxon.,  1599,  4to. 
2.  Serm.,  1601,  4to. 

Holland,  Thomas.  Acct.  rel.  to  A.  Bell,  Lon.. 
1762,  8vo. 

Holies,  Denzil,  Lord,  M.P.,  1597-1680,  second  son 
of  John,  the  first  Earl  of  Clare,  was  one  of  the  most  emi 
nent  of  the  popular  leaders  in  the  reign  of  Charles  I.,  and 
the  head  of  the  Presbyterian  party  in  Parliament;  but  he 
subsequently  displeased  his  old  friends,  was  impeached 
for  high  treason,  aided  in  the  Restoration,  was  raised  to 
the  peerage  by  Charles  II.,  and  sen^  ambassador  to  France. 
He  was  the  author  of  a  number  of  Speeches,  Letters,  <fcc., 
pub.  1641-82,— see  Park's  Walpole's  R.  and  N.  Authors,— 
but  is  best  known  by  his  Memoirs  (written  when  he  was 
an  exile  in  France)  from  1641  to  1648,  Lon.,  1699,  8vo 

"They  are  little  more  than  the  apology  for  his  own  conduct, 
and  a  virulent  satire  on  his  adversaries."— HORACE  WALPOLE. 

"They  are  worth  reading.  ...  To  understand  the  conduct  of 
Cromwell  and  the  Republicans,  not  only  must  the  Memoirs  of 
Hojes^be  read,  but  those  of  Ludlow."— PROF.  SMYTH:  Lects.on 

Holies,  Thomas,  Duke  of  Newcastle.  Memorial  of 
the  Negociation  between  his  High  Mightiness  of  Clerrnont 
and  his  Sublime  Excellency  of  Hayes,  Lonv  1662,  4to. 


Holley,  Horace,  D.D.,  1781-1827,  a  native  of  Salis 
bury,  Conn.,  grad.  at  Yale  College  in  1803 ;  minister  of 
Greenfield  Hill,  Fairfield,  1805;  minister  of  the  Hollis 
Street  (Unitarian)  Church,  Boston,  1809;  President  of 
Transylvania  University,  Lexington,  Kentucky,  1818-27. 
He  pub.  several  occasional  sermons  and  addresses,  and 
contributed  papers  to  the  Western  Review  and  other  peri 
odicals.  See  Memoir  of  Dr.  Holley,  by  his  widow ;  a  Dis 
course  on  his  Life  and  Character,  by  Chas.  Caldwell,  M.D., 
Bost.,  1828 ;  and  a  review  of  this  Discourse,  in  N.  Amer. 
Rev.,  xxvii.  403-415,  by  Edward  Everett. 

"One  of  the  most  eloquent  speakers  of  the  age, — or  declaimers, 
rather:  a  showy,  beautiful  rhetorician ;  . .  .  a  miserable  prose-writer 
— in  comparison  with  himsdf,  as  a  speaker,  we  mean.  He  never 
appears  to  say  what  he  means,  or  to  mean  what  he  says,  with  a 
pen." — American  Writers:  No.  4,  in  Blackw.  Mag.,  xvii.  57. 

Holley,  Mrs.  Mary  Austin,  d.  1846,  married  in 
1805  to  the  preceding,  visited  Texas  in  1831,  and  pub.,  in 
1833,  Texas;  Observations,  Historical,  Geographical,  and 
Descriptive,  &c.,  Bait.,  12mo. 

"  Mrs.  Holley  has  given  an  agreeable  account  of  her  visit,  in  her 
own  femininely  graceful  style,  yet  by  no  means  destitute  of  ex 
pression  and  force ;  and  her  statements,  as  to  the  natural  features 
of  the  country,  are,  in  substance,  correct." — JUDGE  BULLARD  :  N. 
Amer.  Rev.,  xliii.  257. 

Mrs.  Holley  aFso  pub.  a  memoir  of  her  husband,  already 
noticed. 

Holley,  O.  L.  1.  Life  of  Benj.  Franklin,  N.  York, 
12mo.  2.  Descrip.  of  the  City  of  New  York,  1847,  ISmo. 
Holliday,  Rev.  Francis.  1.  Syntagma  Matheseos, 
Lon.,  1745,  8vo.  2.  Miscellanea  Curiosa  Mathematica, 
1745-49,  4to.  9  Nos.  3.  Gunnery,  1756.  4.  Fluxions, 
1778,  8vo. 

Holliday,  John.  Putrid  Bilious  Fever,  Lon.,  1795, 
8vo. 

Holliday,  John,  d.  1801,  aged  71.  1.  Life  of  Wm., 
Earl  of  Mansfield,  Lon.,  1797,  4to.  2.  The  British  Oak; 
a  Poem,  1800,  4to. 

Hollings,  Dr.     Med.  con.  to  Phil.  Trans.,  1716. 
Hollingshead,  Wm.,  D.D.,  a  minister  of  Charles 
ton,  S.C.,  d.  1817,  pub.  three  serms.,  1787,  '94,  1805. 

Hollingsworth,  Nathaniel.  1.  Serms.,  1801, 12mo. 
2.  Serm.,  1809.  3.  Serm.,  1810.  4.  Recommendation  of 
the  Madras  System  of  Education,  1812,  8vo.  5.  Claims 
of  Bell  and  Lancaster,  1812,  12mo. 

Hollingsworth,  S.  1.  Account  of  Nova  Scotia,  Lon., 
1786,  8vo.  2.  Manners,  Government,  <fec.  of  Africa,  Edin., 
1788,  4to. 

Hollingworth,  J.  B.     Serms.,  Lon.,  1812,  8vo. 
Hollingworth,  Richard.  Theolog.  treatises,  1640- 
56. 

Hollingworth,  Richard,  D.D.,  Vicar  of  Westham, 
and  Rector  of  St.  Botolph's,  Aldgate,  pub.  six  serms.,  1673- 
93,  and  several  treatises  upon  the  famous  ElKSIN  BASlAlKH 
controversy,  for  an  account  of  which  publications,  see 
Lowndes's  Bibl.  Man. ;  Watt's  Bibl.  Brit. ;  GAUDEN,  JOHN, 
D.D.,  and  authorities  there  cited,  in  this  Dictionary,  p.  656. 
Hollingworth,  Rudolph.  De  Justificatione  ex 
sola  Fide  pro  Luthero  ac  Protestantibus  adv.  Smithaeum 
ac  Pontificios,  Dubl.,  1640,  8vo. 

Hollis,  John.  1.  Reasons  for  Scepticism,  1796,  8vo. 
2.  Sequel  to  No.  1,  Lon.,  1799,  8vo. 

Hollis,  Thomas,  1720-1774,  an  ardent  advocate  of 
civil  and  religious  liberty,  was  the  great-nephew  of  Thomas 
Hollis,  (1659-1731,)  the  munificent  benefactor  of  Harvard 
College.  Indeed,  not  only  is  the  latter  entitled  to  that 
appellation,  but  his  brothers  John  and  Nathaniel,  his 
nephew  the  second  Thomas,  his  great-nephew  the  third 
Thomas,  (the  subject  of  this  notice,)  and  the  heir  of  the 
third  Thomas, — Thomas  Brand  Hollis, — were  all  contri 
butors  to  this  institution.  The  subject  of  this  notice  pub. 
at  considerable  expense — 1.  A  new  ed.  of  Toland's  Life 
of  Milton,  1761,  8vo.  Edited,  with  Notes,  by  T.  Hollis. 
This  is  the  best  ed.  of  Toland's  Milton.  2.  An  accurate 
ed.  of  Algernon  Sydney's  Discourses  concerning  Govern 
ment;  with  his  Letters,  Trial,  Apology,  and  Memoirs  of 
his  Life,  1763,  4to.  Edited  by  T.  Hollis.  3.  The  Works 
of  Algernon  Sydney;  a  new  ed.,  with  Additions,  by  T. 
Hollis,  1772,  r.  4to.  4.  Joannis  Wallisii  Grammatica  Lin 
guae  Anglicanae,  Ac.,  1765,  8vo.  Hollis  meditated  an  ed. 
of  Andrew  Marvell's  Works,  but  did  not  carry  out  his 
design.  He  was  an  earnest  promoter  of  the  spirit  of  free 
dom  in  America,  and  aided  in  the  republication  of  the 
political  treatises  of  Mayhew,  Otis,  and  John  Adams. 
His  Memoirs,  compiled  by  the  Rev.  Francis  Blackburn, 
Archdeacon  of  Cleveland,  were  privately  printed  by  his 
friend  and  heir,  Thomas  Brand  Hollis,  (originally  Thomas 
Brand,)  in  1780,  2  vols.  4to ;  splendidly  illustrated  by  Bar- 
tolozzi,  Bazire,  <fec.,  with  portraits  of  Milton,  Locke,  Al- 


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gernon  Sydney,  A.  Marvell,  Hutcheson,  Hubert  Languet, 
(author  of  the  Vindiciae  contra  Tyrannos,  Ac.;)  in  all, 
13  portraits  and  plates.  The  collector  should  look  for  a 
copy  with  the  "starred  pages,"  containing  the  severe 
review  of  Dr.  Johnson's  Life  of  Milton,  and  the  portrait 
of  Sir  Isaac  Newton.  These  pages  (often  deficient)  occur 
between  532  and  585,— viz.:  533*  to  576,*  579,*  580,* 
577*  to  584.*  Such  copies  would  formerly  bring  from  £6 
to  £8,  but  can  now  (1856)  be  had  for  about  £2.  These  vols. 
contain  much  curious  information  respecting  Milton,  Ac. 
not  to  be  found  elsewhere,  and  correspondence  with  pro 
minent  Americans  of  the  time.  But  note  that  these  Me 
moirs  are  not  to  be  confounded  with  the  Memoirs  of 
Thomas  Brand  Hollis,  by  John  Disney,  D.D.,  1808,  4to; 
privately  printed.  Respecting  the  Hollises,  see  Memoirs 
as  above ;  Gent.  Mag.,  vol.  Ixxiv. ;  Colman's  and  Wiggles- 
worth's  Serms. ;  Greenwood's  Discourse,  and  Rudd's  Poem  ; 
Holmes;  Morse's  True  Reasons;  Allen's  Amer.  Biog.  Diet.; 
Monthly  Anthology  for  1808 ;  Nichols's  Lit.  Anec. ;  Chal 
mers's  Biog.  Diet.;  Dibdin's  Lib.  Comp. ;  Pierce's  Hist, 
of  Harvard  Univ.  from  1636  to  the  Amer.  Revolution; 
Josiah  Quincy's  Hist,  of  do.  1636  to  1840,  2  vols.  1840, 
8vo ;  Saml.  A.  Eliot's  Sketch  of  the  Hist,  of  do.,  and  of 
its  present  state,  1848,  12mo  ;  Judge  Story's  Life  and  Let 
ters,  ii.  125-127 ;  Bost.  Chris.  Exam.,  (by  J.  Walker,)  vii. 
64;  Spirit  of  the  Pilgrims,  ii.  581 ;  Lon.  Gent.  Mag.,  Jan. 
1849,  p.  37 ;  DISNEY,  JOHN,  (Museum  Disneianum,)  in  this 
Dictionary. 

"  Such  a  library  ["  a  working  library"  such  as  we  wish  ours  to 
be]  must  be  well  provided  with  books  of  direct,  positive  utility. 
These  are  of  two  classes : — the  great  standard  books  which  are  never 
antiquated,  and  the  valuable  new  books  which  are  constantly  ap 
pearing  in  every  department  of  science  and  literature.  Our  library 
is  amply  supplied  with  many  of  the  books  belonging  to  the  first 
class,  thanks  to  the  bounty  of  the  Hol'ises  and  other  noble  bene 
factors  in  earlier  or  later  days." — HON.  EDWARD  EVERETT  :  Aid  to 
Vie  Colleges,  1848 :  Orations  and  Speeches,  1853,  ii.  547. 

Hollister,  G.  H.  1.  Mount  Hope,  or  Philip,  King 
of  the  Wampanoags;  an  Historical  Romance,  N.  York, 
1851, 12mo.  Highly  commended.  2.  Hist,  of  Connecticut, 
1855,  2  vols. 

Holloran,  L.,  D.D.     The  Battle  of  Trafalgar,  1806. 

HollOAvay,  Rev.  B.  Pits  for  Fullers'-Earth  in 
Bedfordshire;  Phil.  Trans.,  1723. 

Holloway,  Benjamin,  Rector  of  Blayden  and 
Middleton-Stoney,  Oxfordshire.  1.  Serm.,  1  Cor.  ii.  23-26, 
Oxf.,  1736,  8vo.  2.  Three  Serms.,  Acts  ii.  38,  1739,  8vo. 
3.  Originals,  Physical  and  Theological,  Ac.,  1750,  2  vols. 
8vo.  4.  Letter  and  Spirit ;  or,  Annotations  upon  the  Holy 
Scriptures  according  to  both,  1753,  8vo. 

"  This  work  is  Hutchinsonianism  and  Origenism  in  perfection. 
The  whole  volume  is  occupied  with  the  book  of  Genesis,  every 
word  of  which  it  spiritualizes  to  absurdity.  It  is  needless  to 
wonder  at  the  Fathers  or  the  Mystics,  when  such  elaborate  pro 
ductions  as  this  and  the  Divine  Originals,  by  the  same  author, 
have  appeared  in  our  own  time." — Orme's  Bibl.  Bib. 

Holloway,  James.     Confession  and  Narrative,  fol. 

Holloway,  James  Thomas,  D.D.,  Minister  of 
Fitzroy  Chapel,  London.  1.  The  Analogy  of  Faith;  in 
sixteen  Serms.,  1836,  8vo. 

"  These  are  valuable  discourses,  and  accurately  trace  the  life  of 
David  and  the  method  of  God's  dealings  with  him." — Lon.  Chris. 
Rememb. 

2.  Funl.  Serm.,  Lon.,  1836,  8vo.  3.  Baptismal  Regenera 
tion,  Ac. ;  a  Lett,  to  the  Lord-Bishop  of  London ;  2d  ed., 
1843,  Svo,  pp.  104.  4.  Eucharista,  1845,  18mo. 

Holloway,  John.  Lett,  to  Dr.  Price  on  his  Serm. 
entit.  The  Love  of  our  Country,  Lon.,  1798,  Svo. 

Holloway,  John  George.  A  Month  in  Norway, 
Lon.,  1853,  12mo. 

Holloway,  H.  R.  1.  Walks  round  Rye,  Isle  of 
Wight,  Lon.,  1849,  12mo.  2.  Manual  of  Chanting,  1850, 
8vo.  3.  Topography  of  the  Isle  of  Wight,  by  Hillier,  1852, 
18mo. 

Holloway,  Robert,  a  London  lawyer,  pub.  several 
treatises  against  the  professional  practices  of  his  legal 
brethren,  1771-1805. 

Holloway,  Wm.  Poems,  Tales,  Natural  Hist.,  Ac., 
1798-1812.  See  BRANCH,  JOHN. 

Holloway,  Wm.  1.  General  Dictionary  of  Pro 
vincialisms,  Lewes,  Svo. 

"We  recommend  careful  reference  to  a  useful  manual  lately 
published,  the  General  Dictionary  of  Provincialisms,  by  Holloway." 
— Lon.  Quar.  Rev. 

This  is  the  only  general  work  on  the  subject  of  English 
Provincialisms,  and  incorporates  those  of  Grose,  Jennings, 
Forby,  Price,  Jim  Robbin,  and  others.  It  contains  up 
wards  of  9000  words,  and,  in  addition  to  the  explanations, 
gives  descriptions  of  many  local  customs. 

2.  Hist,  and  Antiq.  of  the  Town  and  Port  of  Rye,  1847, 
Svo.  3.  Hist  of  Romney  Marsh,  Kent,  1849,  Svo. 


Hollyband,  Claudius,  schoolmaster,  pub.  a  Gram 
mar,  Dictionarie,  and  other  educational  works  for  the 
learners  of  Latine,  Frenche,  English,  and  Italian,  Lon., 
1573-99.  See  Watt's  Bibl.  Brit. ;  Lowndes's  Bibl.  Man.  ; 
Lon.  Retrosp.  Rev.,  iv.  72,  1821.  His  Dictionarie,  French 
and  English,  1593,  4to,  is  said  to  be  the  first  French  and 
English  Dictionary  pub.  in  England. 

Hollybushe,  John.  1.  The  Newe  Testament,  both 
in  Latine  and  Englishe;  trans,  by  Johan  Hollybushe,  Lon., 
1538,  4to.  Very  rare.  This  trans,  was  really  made  by 
Myles  Coverdale.  See  Cotton's  Editions  of  the  Bible,  ed. 
1852,  13-14 ;  Walter's  Lett,  to  the  Bp.  of  Peterborough, 
31.  2.  Expos,  of  Magnificat,  Ac.,  South.,  1538,  fol. ;  1538, 
Svo.  3.  Homish  Apothecarye,  1561,  fol. 

Hollyngus,  Edm.,  a  native  of  England,  Medical 
Professor  at  Ingolstadt.  1.  De  Salubri  Studiosorum  Victu, 
Ing.,  1602,  Svo.  2.  Medicamentorum  JEconomia  Nova,  Ac., 
1610,  8vo. 

Ilolmaii,  James,  Lt.  R.N.,  d.  1857,  celebrated  as 
"  The  Blind  Traveller."  1.  Journey  in  France,  Italy,  Savoy, 
Ac.,  Lon.,  8vo.  See  Madden's  Literary  Life  and  Corresp. 
of  the  Countess  of  Blessington,  1855.  2.  Travels  through 
Russia,  Siberia,  Poland,  Austria,  Saxony,  Ac.,  1825,  2 
vols.  Svo  This  work  gives  us  an  interesting  account  of 
the  imprisonment  of  the  author  by  the  Russian  Govern 
ment  on  suspicion  of  his  being  a  spy.  3.  Voyage  Round 
the  World,  1840,  4  vols.  Svo. 

"  For  this  work  we  cannot  but  anticipate  a  circulation  as  wide, 
we  were  going  to  say,  as  the  author's  travels." — Lon.  Literary 
Gazette. 

"  We  have  seldom  met  with  any  work  so  replete  with  interest 
ing  information." — Lon.  Observer. 

Holman,  James  T.  Digest  of  the  Reported  Cases 
in  the  Cts.  of  Tennessee,  1796-1835,  Nashville,  1835,  Svo. 

Holman,  Joseph  George,  d.  1817,  a  native  of 
London,  was  manager  of  the  theatre  in  Charleston,  S. 
Carolina.  1.  Abroad  and  at  Home  ;  a  Comic  Opera,  1796, 
Svo.  2.  Red-Cross  Knight;  a  Play,  1799,  8vo.  3.  Votary 
of  Wealth ;  a  Com.,  1799,  Svo.  4.  What  a  Blunder !  a 
Comic  Opera,  1800,  Svo.  5.  Love  Gives  the  Alarm ;  a 
Com.,  1804.  Not  printed.  6.  The  Gazette  Extraordinary  ; 
a  Com.,  1811,  Svo.  An  account  of  Holman  will  be  found 
in  Biog.  Dramat. 

Holme,  John.     Serm.,  Lon.,  1582,  Svo. 

Holme,  Rev.  John.  1.  Satin  Spar;  Trans.  Linn. 
Soc.,  1812.  2.  Arragonite,  Ibid.,  1813. 

Holme,  Randle,  of  the  city  of  Chester,  Gentleman 
Sewer-in-Extraordinary  to  Charles  II.,  and  some  time 
deputy  for  the  King-at-Arms.  The  Academy  of  the 
Armory;  or,  a  Storehouse  of  Armory  and  Blazon,  Chester, 
1688,  fol.  About  1104  pages.  Some  copies  have  a  title- 
page,  London,  1701. 

"  The  book  is  a  most  heterogeneous  and  extraordinary  composi 
tion,  and  may  be  well  denominated  a  Pantalogia.  ...  It  is  con 
sidered  to  be  one  of  the  most  scarce  of  Heraldic  books,  and  that 
not  more  than  fifty  copies  are  to  be  found  in  the  kingdom." — 
Moulds  Bibl.  Heraldica,  235-242,  q.  v.  for  an  interesting  account 
of  this  remarkable  olla  podrida. 

See  also  George  Ormerod's  Hist,  of  Cheshire,  and  Beloe's 
Anecdotes.  Sykes's  copy  sold  for  £10;  Brockett's  for 
£13  6s. 

"Dr.  Johnson  confessed,  with  much  candour,  that  the  Address 
to  the  Reader  at  the  end  of  this  book  suggested  the  idea  of  his 
own  inimitable  preface  to  his  Dictionary." — Beloe's  Anecdotes,  vi. 
342. 

In  1821  some  benevolent  individual  pub.  An  Index  of 
the  Names  of  Persons  contained  in  this  work,  Lon.,  foL 
pp.  46. 

Holme,  Wilfred,  of  Huntington,  Yorkshire.  The 
Fall  and  euill  Successe  of  Rebellion,  Ac.,  Lon.,  1572,  4to. 
Black-letter,  pp.  68.  Bibl.  Anglo-Poet.,339,£25.  Sotheby's, 
in  1821,  £9  2».  6d.  This  poem  refers  to  the  commotions 
in  the  northern  parts  of  the  island  in  1537,  consequent 
upon  the  Reformation. 

"  It  is  a  curious  production,  and,  although  disliked  by  Warton 
for  its  adherence  to  alliteration,  is  quoted  by  Holinshed  and 
mentioned  in  terms  of  praise  by  the  learned  Bale." — Bibl.  Anglo- 
Poet.,  147. 

"  Alliteration  is  here  carried  to  the  most  ridiculous  excess.  .  .  . 
The  poem,  probably  from  its  political  reference,  is  mentioned  by 
Hollinshed.  Bale,  who  overlooks  the  author's  poetry  in  his  piety, 
thinks  that  he  has  learnedly  and  perspicuously  discussed  the  ab 
surdities  of  popery." —  Warton's  Hist,  of  Eng.  Poet. 

Holmes,  Major.  Pendulum  Watches ;  Phil.  Trans., 
1665. 

Holmes,  Abiel,  D.D.,  1763-1837,  a  native  of  Wood- 
stock,  Connecticut,  graduated  at  Yale  College  in  1783,  and 
shortly  afterwards  became  tutor  in  that  institution  ;  pastor 
of  a  congregation  in  Midway,  Georgia,  1788-91;  pastor 
of  the  First  Congregational  Church,  Cambridge,  Mass., 
1792-1832.  In  addition  to  the  work  by  which  he  is  best 


IIOL 


HOL 


known,— The  Annals  of  America,— Dr.  Holmes  was  author  !      Holmes,  Edward.     1.  A  Ramble  among  the  Moan- 
of  a  Life  of   President  Ezra  Styles,  (father  of  his  first     tains  of  Germany.     2.  Life  and  Corresp.  of  Mozart,  Lon., 
wife;)  pub.,  in  1798,  a  Memoir  of  the  French  Protestants,     1845,  p.  8vo. 
j  _  TJ;,,*.  ~e  +v,«  T,.™«  ,.<T>«™K..;,ir«»  ;„  Ma«e  "Hist  Pnllftn  ;         "This  is  decidedly  the  best  and  most  complete  biography  of  the 


Mid  a  Hist,  of  the  Town  of  Cambridge,  in  Mass.Hist.Collec. ; 
and  about  thirty  sermons  and  historical  treatises.  Dr. 
Holmes  was  first  married  in  1790  to  Mary,  daughter  of  Dr. 
Ezra  Styles,  President  of  Yale  College.  She  died  in  1795, 
leaving  no  children.  In  1800  he  married  Sarah,  daughter 
of  the  Hon.  Oliver  Wendell,  of  Boston,  and  had  issue— 1. 
Mary  Jackson,  married  to  Usher  Parsons,  M.D. ;  2.  Ann 
Su?an,  married  to  the  Hon.  Charles  Wentworth  Upham ; 
o.  Sarah  Lathrop,  who  died  in  childhood;  4.  Oliver  Wen 
dell  Holmes,  M.D.,  one  of  the  most  popular  of  American 
poets  and  wits,  (vide  post;)  5.  John  Holmes,  of  Cambridge. 
For  further  particulars  respecting  this  excellent  man  and 
accurate  historian,  see  Dr.  Jenks's  Funeral  Serm;  Duyc- 
kincks'  Cyc.  of  Atner.  Lit. ;  American  Almanac,  1838, 
316-317;  Mass.  Hist.  Collec.,  vol.  yii._  Dr.  Holmes's  •,  R,epubiic,  Lon.,  1823,  8vo. 


great  composer  we  have  seen." — Westminster  Review. 

"In  every  respect  a  most  admirable  piece  of  biography." — New 
Monthly  Mag. 

Holmes,  George,  1662-1749,  Clerk  to  the  Keepers 
of  the  Records  in  the  Tower  for  nearly  sixty  years,  repub. 
the  first  17  vols.  of  Rymer's  Foedera;  2d  ed.,  1727.  Hia 
books,  prints,  coins,  medals,  &c.  were  sold  by  auction  in 
1749,  and  his  widow  received  £200  from  the  government 
for  his  papers,  which  were  deposited  in  the  Tower. 

Holmes,  George.  Sketches  of  some  of  the  Southern 
Counties  of  Ireland  in  1797,  Lon.,  1801,  Svo. 

Holmes,  Isaac,  of  Liverpool,  England.  An  Account 
of  the  United  States  of  America;  derived  from  actual 
Observation  during  a  Residence  of  Four  Years  in  that 


American  Annals,  or  a  Chronological  History  of  Ame 
rica  from  its  Discovery  in  1492  to  1806,  was  pub.  at  Cam 
bridge,  Mass.,  in  1805,  2  vols.  Svo.  It  was  reviewed  with 
considerable  severity  by  Robert  Southey,  in  the  London 
Quarterly  for  Nov.  1809,  iv.  319-337.  An  ed.  was  pub. 
in  London  by  Sherwood  in  1813,  2  vols.  Svo.  A  new  ed., 
with  a  continuation,  under  the  title  of  The  Annals  of 
America,  <fcc.  to  the  year  1826,  was  put  forth  at  Cambridge, 
Mass.,  in  1829,  2  vols.  Svo,  "with  such  improvements  as 
leave  nothing  to  desire." 

"  The  new  edition  of  the  American  Annals  is  one  of  the  best 
works  of  the  kind  ever  published.  Every  thing  of  importance 
relating  to  the  history  of  America  is  related  in  the  order  in  which 
it  happened,  in  a  clear  and  concise  manner,  with  copious  and  in 
teresting  notes,  in  which  references  are  made  to  the  most  important 
authorities,  by  which  the  reader  who  wishes  for  more  extensive 
information  on  the  subject  may  gratify  his  curiosity  without  the 
trouble  of  turning  over  a  great  number  of  volumes." — Rich's 
BM.  Amer.  Nwa,  ii.  66,  217. 

"  Dr.  Holmes's  American  Annals  is  a  work  of  great  industry 
and  research,  and  is  an  invaluable  treasure  to  the  future  writers 
of  American  history,  but  claims  no  merit  but  that  of  faithful  com 
pilation."—  Sketches'  of  the  Lit.  of  the  U.  States,  by  Rev.  Timothy 
Flint;  Lon.  Athenaeum,  1835,  p.  803. 

"This  new  edition  of  the  American  Annals,  with  such  improve 
ments  as  the  author  has  introduced  into  it,  we  consider  among 
the  most  valuable  productions  of  the  American  press.  ...  In  the 
American  Annals  it  is  the  author's  exclusive  object  to  embody 
facts,  drawn  from  what  he  deems  the  best  authorities,  and  selected 
according  to  the  mature  light  of  his  judgment.  In  this  aim  he 
seems  to  us  eminently  successful,  especially  when  it  is  considered 
through  what  a  vast  field  he  has  ranged,  and  what  difficulties  he 
must  have  encountered  in  collecting  his  materials  and  fixing  his 
choice.  ...  It  is  the  best  repository  of  historical,  chronological, 
and  biographical  knowledge  respecting  America  that  can  be  found 
embodied  in  one  work."— JARED  SPARKS  :  N.  Amer.  Rev.,  xxix.  428- 
441;  Oct.  1829. 

"  A  valuable  work,  displaying  great  industry  and  research." — 
Loumdes's  Bibl.  Man. 

"The  name  of  Holmes  ought  not  to  be  mentioned  without  a 
tribute  to  his  memory.  No  student  of  our  history-  but  owes  him 
gratitude.  The  accomplished  annalist  feared  no  labour  ;  he  was 
indefatigable  in  his  love  of  truth.  He  had  seen  much  of  the 
country;  his  correspondence  was  wide,  his  zeal  untiring.  .  . 
Take  it  all  in  all,  the  Annals  of  Holmes  constitute  a  work  which 
in  its  kind  has  never  been  equalled  among  us,  and  has  few  paral 
lels  anywhere."— .ft".  Amer.  Rev.  xlvi.  481 ;  April,  1838. 

Holmes's  Annals  has  now  (1856)  become  a  liber  rariasi- 
mns,  and  can  rarely  be  purchased.  Our  copy  was  a  present 
from  our  enterprising  publisher  and  valued  friend,  Mr 
George  W.  Childs,  of  Philadelphia,  whose  excellent  collec 
tion  of  works  on  American  History  is  well  calculated  to 
excite  the  cupidity  of  the  ravished  spectator. 

Holmes,  Mrs.  Dalkeith.  A  Ride  on  Horseback 
to  Florence,  through  France  and  Switzerland,  by  a  Lady 
described  in  a  Series  of  Letters,  Lon.,  1842,  2  vols.  p.  8vo 
"  The  republic  of  female  travellers,  already  BO  well  stocked  with 
distinguished  members,  ought,  in  gratitude  for  a  book  at  once  so 
.pleasant  and  so  creditable  to  the  bravery  of  the  sex,  to  appoin 
Mrs.  Dalkeith  Holmes  as  its  Mistress  of  the  Horse.  She  is  a  plea 
•ant,  sensible,  unaffected,  and  well-read  gentlewoman." — Lon 
Athenceum. 

Some  of  Mrs.  Holmes's  poetical   compositions  will  be 
found  in  the  Dublin  Univ.  Magazine,  xxiii.  343-347. 

Holmes,  David,  minister  of  the  Methodist  Episcopa 
Church,  b.  1809,  at  Newburgh,  New  York.  1.  Pure  Gold 
or,  Truth  in  its  Native  Loveliness,  Auburn,  12mo,  pp.  280 
2.  The  Wesley  Offering,  1852, 12mo,  pp.  300.  3.  With  Rev 
J.  M.  Austin,  a  Discussion  upon  the  doctrine  of  the  Atone 
ment,  Universal  Salvation,  and  Endless  Punishment,  12mo 
pp.  800.  Editor  of  The  Mirror  of  the  Soul,  and  also  of 
The  Christian  Preacher. 

Holmes,  E.     Exploration  of  Aroostook  Territory  in 
1838,  Augusta,  Me.,  1839. 

Holmes,  Rev.  Edward.  Materiality  of  the  Soul 
Lon.,  1790,  Svo. 


Mr.  Holmes  is  rather  a  diffuse  and  inaccurate  writer;  but  he 
makes  no  pretensions  to  literary  excellence,  and  his  object  is  to 
present  a  modest  but  true  statement  of  things  as  they  are  in  the 
American  republic."— ion.  Month.  Rev.,  ci.  304-312;  June,  1823. 
Holmes,  Rev.  James.      Moscow,  or  Triumphant 
elf-Devotion;  a  Poem,  1813,  '15,  Svo. 
Holmes,  J.  H.  H.     1.  Coal  Mines,  &c.,  Lon.,  1816, 
vo.     2.  Safety  Lamps  for  do.;  Thorn.  Ann.  Philos.,  1816. 
Holmes,  Rev.  James  Ivory.     The  Revelation  of 
3t.  John  elucidated,  Lon.,  1815,  2  vols.  Svo. 
Holmes,  John.  Greek  Grammar,  1735,  Svo ;  1737, 4to. 
Holmes,  John,   minister  of  the    United   Brethren 
ongregation  in  Dublin.     Hist.  Sketches  of  the  Missions 
of  the  United  Brethren  to  the  Heathen,  Dubl.,  1818,  Svo. 
Holmes,  John.     Descrip.  Cat.  of  the  Books  in  the 
ibrary  of  John    Holmes;  with  notices  of  Authors  and 
Printers,  Norw.,  1818,  Svo.     Privately  printed. 

Holmes,  John.  The  Statesman;  or,  Principles  of 
Legislation  and  Law,  Augusta,  1S40,  Svo. 

Holmes,  John,  1SOO-1854,  an  eminent  bibliographer, 
Assistant  Keeper  of  the  MSS.  in  the  British  Museum, 
1830-54,  edited,  in  1S52,  a  new  ed.  of  Cavendish's  Life 
of  Cardinal  Wolsey,  contributed  notes  to  the  last  two  eds. 
of  Wordsworth's  Eccles.  Biog.,  to  Pepys's  Diary,  and  Eve- 
yn's  Life  of  Mrs.  Godolphin,  and  compiled  several  cata 
logues,  <fcc.  The  valuable  article  in  the  Lon.  Quar.  Rev. 
for  May,  1843,  Ixxiii.  1-25,  entitled  Libraries  and  Cata 
logues,  was  written  by  Mr.  Holmes.  See  Lon.  Gent.  Mag., 
July,  1854. 

Holmes,  Launcelot.  Holy  Things,  Lon.,  1716,  Svo. 
Holmes,  Mrs.  Mary  J.  1.  Tempest  and  Sunshine; 
or,  Life  in  Kentucky,  N.Y.,  1854,  12mo.  2.  The  English 
Orphans;  or,  A  Home  in  the  New  World,  1855,  12mo.  Very 
favourably  noticed  in  the  N.  Amer.  Rev.,  Oct.  1855,  Ixxxi. 
557.  3.  The  Homestead  on  the  Hillside,  <fcc.,  1856,  12mo. 
4.  Lena  Rivers,  1856, 12mo.  5.  Meadow  Brook,  1857, 12ino. 
Holmes,  Nathaniel,  D.D.  See  HOMES. 
Holmes,  Oliver  Wendell,  M.D.,  a  son  of  Abiel 
Holmes,  D.D.,  b.  at  Cambridge,  Massachusetts,  Aug.  29, 
1809,  graduated  at  Harvard  University  in  1829,  and  sub 
sequently  devoted  about  a  year  to  the  study  of  law.  In 
1833  he  visited  Europe,  and — having  resolved  to  exchange 
Coke  and  Blackstone  for  Galen  and  .fEsculapius — employed 
between  two  and  three  years  in  attendance  on  the  hospitals 
of  Paris,  and  other  laborious  researches  connected  with 
the  duties  of  his  new  profession.  In  1835  he  returned  to 
Boston,  took  his  medical  degree  at  Cambridge  in  1836, 
was  elected  Professor  of  Anatomy  and  Physiology  in  Dart 
mouth  College  in  183S,  and  succeeded  Dr.  Warren  as  Pro 
fessor  of  Anatomy  in  the  Medical  Department  of  Harvard 
University  in  1847.  In  1849  Dr.  Holmes  relinquished 
general  practice.  He  resides  during  the  winter  princi 
pally  in  Boston,  and  spends  the  remainder  of  the  year  on 
an  estate  which  once  belonged  to  his  great-grandfather,  the 
Hon.  Jacob  Wendell,  situated  on  the  banks  of  the  Housa- 
tonic,  in  Pittsfield,  Berkshire  county,  Massachusetts. 

Some  of  the  earlier  poetical  productions  of  this  popular 
poet  originally  appeared  in  The  Collegian,  a  periodical 
pub.  in  1830  by  a  number  of  the  students  of  Harvard 
University;  in  Illustrations  of  the  Athenaeum  Gallery  of 
Paintings,  1831 ;  and  in  The  Harbinger,  a  May  Gift,  1833. 
In  1836  Dr.  Holmes  delivered,  before  the  Harvard  Phi 
Beta  Kappa  Society,  Poetry,  a  Metrical  Essay, — which 
established  his  reputation  as  a  poet. 

"It  is  in  the  heroic  measure,  and  in  its  versification  is  not  sur 
passed  by  any  poem  written  in  this  country.  It  relates  to  the 
nature  and  offices  of  poetry,  and  is  itself  a  series  of  brilliant  illus 
trations  of  the  ideas  of  which  it  is  an  expression." — Griswold't 
Poets  and  Poetry  of  America. 

This  Metrical  Essay — a  very  successful  essay  it  proved 


HOL 


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—was  pub.  in  the  first  collective  ed.  of  his  Poems  issued 
at  Boston,  in  1836,  12ino,  pp.  163.  In  1843  he  gave  to 
the  world  Terpsichore,  a  poem,  read  at  the  annual  dinner 
of  the  Phi  Beta  Kappa  Society  in  that  year;  and  in  1846 
he  pub.  Urania,  a  Rhymed  Lesson,  pronounced  before  the  | 
Mercantile  Library  Association.  A  review  of  Urania,  by 
Francis  Bowen,  will  be  found  in  the  N.  Amer.  Rev.  for 
January,  1847,  Ixiv.  208-216: 

"His  fancy  teems  with  bright  and  appropriate  images,  and 
these  are  woven  into  his  plan  "usually  with  exquisite  finish  and 
grace.  His  artistic  merits  are  very  great ;  his  versification  is  never 
slovenly,  nor  his  diction  meagre  or  coarse ;  and  many  of  his  shorter 
pieces  are  inwrought  with  so  much  fire  and  imagination  as  to  rank 
among  our  best  lyrics." — Ubi  supra. 

In  1838  Dr.  Holmes  pub.  Boylston  Prize  Dissertations 
for  1836-37:  On  Indigenous  Intermittent  Fever  in  New 
England;  Nature  and  Treatment  of  Neuralgia;  and  Utility 
and  Importance  of  Direct  Exploration  in  Medical  Prac 
tice,  Bost.,  8vo.  A  review  of  these  Essays,  by  E.  Hale, 
will  be  found  in  the  N.  Amer.  Rev.  for  July,  1838,  xlvii. 
161-177: 

"  It  affords  a  proof  of  his  [Dr.  Holmes's]  industry,  as  well  as  of 
his  talents,  that  the  author  should  be  successful  in  obtaining 
three  prizes  in  two  successive  years,  gaining  in  the  latter  year 
both  that  were  offered." — Ubi  supra. 

His  Lectures  on  Homoeopathy  and  its  Kindred  Delusions 
appeared  in  1842,  and  a  Report  of  his  on  Medical  Litera 
ture  to  the  National  Medical  Association  was  pub.  in  the 
Trans,  of  Nat.  Med.  Society  for  1848.     To  these  profes 
sional  labours  are  to  be  added  a  pamphlet  entitled  Puer 
peral  Fever  as  a  Private   Pestilence,  (noticed  in  Boston 
Living  Age,  xlv.  18;)    a  number  of  papers  in  the  New 
England  Quarterly  Journal  of  Medicine  and  Surgery,  and 
in  the  Boston  Medical  and  Surgical  Journal;  and  (in  con 
junction  with  Jacob  Bigelow,M.D.)  an  ed.  of  Dr.  Marshall 
Hall's  Principles  of  the  Theory  and  Practice  of  Medicine, 
1839,  Svo.     He  has  also  been  a  contributor  of  miscella 
neous  articles  to  the  N.  Amer.  Rev.,  the  New  England 
Mag.,  the  Knickerbocker,  <fec.     We   have  already  stated 
that  the  first  collective  ed.  of  Holmes's  poems  was  pub.  at 
Boston,  (by  Otis,  Broaders  &  Co.,)  1836,  12mo,  pp.  163. 
A  second  Amer.  ed.  was  pub.  by  Ticknor  &  Fields  (so  the 
firm  now  runs)  in  1848;  and  this  enterprising  house  has 
pub.  one  or  more  edits,  every  year  since.     Three  times  in 
the  present  year  (1856)  has  the  press  been  put  in  motion 
to  supply  the  public  demand.     The  first  English  ed.  was 
pub.  in  1845;  a  new  ed.  by  Routledge  in  1852,  32mo;  and 
a  third  by  the  same  publisher  in  1853, 18mo.     Astraea,  the 
Balance  of  Illusions,  a  Poem  delivered  before  the  Phi  Beta  j 
Kappa  Society  of  Yale  College,  August,  1850,  was  pub.  in  | 
the  same  year,  16mo,  and  again  in  1855,  16mo.     A  notice  I 
of  this  production,  with  copious  extracts,  will  be  found  in  | 
the  thirty-first  chapter  of  Miss  Mitford's  Literary  Recol-  j 
lections;  and  see  also  the  Knickerbocker  Mag.,  xxxvii.  ; 
142.     Miss  Mitford  seems  to  have  been  indebted  for  her  j 
copy  of  Astraea  (and  also  for  a  copy  of  the  author's  col 
lected  poems)  to  her  friend, — Holmes's  friend,  our  friend, 
everybody's  friend, — James  T.  Fields,  Esq.,  the  poet-pub 
lisher  of  Boston.     (See  page  595  of  this  Dictionary.)     For 
other  notices  of  Holmes's  poems,  see  N.  Araer.  Rev.,  notice 
of  collective  edit,  of  1836,  by  J.  G.  Palfrey,  xliv.  275-277;  ! 
ibid.,  notice  of  collective  ed.  of  1849,  by  Francis  Bowen, 
Ixviii.  201-203;    articles    by  J.  G.  Whittier,  in    Knicker 
bocker,  xxvi.  570;    Bost.  Liv.  Age,  (from   the    National 
Era,)  xx.  516;  notices  of  the  second  English  ed.,  in  Lon. 
Athenaeum,  1852,  815 ;   and  in  the  Irish  Quar.  Rev.  for 
June,  1855.    See  also  E.  P.  Whipple's  Essays  and  Reviews,  ' 
1851,  i.  66-67.  and  in  N.  Amer.  Rev.,  January,  1844;  Gris- 
wold's  Poets  and  Poetry  of  America;  Duyckincks'  Cyc.  of 
Amer.  Lit. ;  (in  the  two  last-named  works  will  be  found 
specimens   of  our   author's   peculiar   powers;)    Hillard's  ; 
First  Class  Reader;  Chambers's  Hand-Book  of  American 
Literature ;  Tuckerman's  Sketch  of  American  Literature. 

We  quote  a  few  lines  from  the  many  pages  of  enthu 
siastic  laudation  now  before  us  : 

"  The  most  concise,  apt,  and  effective  poet  of  the  school  of  Pope 
this  country  has  produced  is  Oliver  Wendell  Holmes.  .  .  .  His 
best  lines  are  a  series  of  rhymed  pictures,  witticisms,  or  senti-  j 
nients,  let  off  with  the  precision  and  brilliancy  of  the  scintilla 
tions  that  sometimes  illuminate  the  northern  horizon.  The 
significant  terms,  the  perfect  construction,  and  acute  choice  of 
syllables  and  emphasis,  render  some  passages  of  Holmes  absolute 
models  of  versification,  especially  in  the  heroic  measure.  Besides 
these  artistic  merits,  his  poetry  abounds  with  fine  satire,  beauti- 
ful  delineations  of  nature,  and  amusing  caricatures  of  manners. 
The  long  poems  are  metrical  essays  more  pointed,  musical,  and 
judicious,  as  well  as  witty,  than  any  that  have  appeared,  of  the 
same  species,  since  the  Essay  on  Man  and  the  Dunciad." — HENRY 
T.  TUCKERMAN  :  ubi  supra. 

"Dr.  Holmes  is  a  poet  of  wit  and  humour  and  genial  sentiment, 
with  a  style  remarkable  for  its  purity,  terseness,  and  point,  and 


for  an  exquisite  finish  and  grace.  His  lyrics  ring  and  sparkle  like 
cataracts  of  silver ;  and  his  serious  pieces — as  successful  in  their 
way  as  those  mirthful  frolics  of  his  muse  for  which  he  is  best 
known — arrest  the  attention  by  touches  of  the  most  genuine 
pathos  and  tenderness.  All  his  poems  illustrate  a  manly  feeling, 
and  have  in  some  of  them  a  current  of  good  sense,  the  more 
charming  because  somewhat  out  of  fashion  now  in  works  of  ima 
gination  and  fancy." — 11.  W.  GRISWOLD:  ubi  supra. 

"To  write  good  comic  verse  is  a  different  thing  from  writing 
good  comic  poetry.  A  jest  or  a  sharp  saying  may  be  easily  made 
to  rhyme;  but  to  blend  ludicrous  ideas  with  fancy  and  imagina 
tion,  and  display  in  their  conception  and  expression  the  same 
poetic  qualities  usually  exercised  in  serious  composition,  is  a  rare 
distinction.  Among  American  poets,  we  know  of  no  one  who 
excels  Holmes  in  this  difficult  branch  of  the  art.  Many  of  hig 
pleasant  lyrics  seem  not  so  much  the  offspring  of  wit,  as  of  fancy 
and  sentiment  turned  in  a  humorous  direction.  His  manner  of 
satirizing  the  foibles,  follies,  vanities,  and  affectations  of  conven 
tional  life  is  altogether  peculiar  and  original.  .  .  .  Holmes  is  also 
a  poet  of  sentiment  and  passion.  .  .  .  Those  who  know  him  only 
as  a  comic  lyrist,  as  the  libellous  laureate  of  chirping  folly  and 
presumptuous  egotism,  would  be  surprised  at  the  clear  sweetness 
and  skylark  thrill  of  his  serious  and  sentimental  compositions." — 
EDWIN  P.  WHIPPLE  :  ubi  supra. 

"  His  longest  productions  are  occasional  poems  which  have  been 
recited  before  literary  societies  and  received  with  very  great  favour. 
His  style  is  brilliant,  sparkling,  and  terse;  and  many  of  his  heroic 
stanzas  remind  us  of  the  point  and  condensation  of  Pope.  In  his 
shorter  poems,  he  is  sometimes  grave  and  sometimes  gay.  When, 
in  the  former  mood,  he  charms  us  by  his  truth  and  manliness  of 
feeling,  and  his  sweetness  of  sentiment;  when  in  the  latter,  he 
delights  us  with  the  glance  and  play  of  the  wildest  wit  and  the 
richest  humour.  Every  thing  that  he  writes  is  carefully  finished, 
and  rests  on  a  basis  of  sound  sense  and  shrewd  observation." — 
GEORGE  S.  HILLAKD  :  ubi  supra. 

"  If  any -of  your  readers  (and  at  times  we  fear  it  is  the  case  with 
all)  need  amusement,  and  the  wholesome  alterative  of  a  hearty 
laugh,  we  commend  them  not  to  Dr.  Holmes  the  physician,  but  to 
Dr.  Holmes  the  scholar,  the  wit,  and  the  humourist ;  not  to  the 
scientific  medical  professor's  barbarous  Latin,  but  to  his  practical 
prescriptions  given  in  choice  old  Saxon.  We  have  tried  them,  and 
are  ready  to  give  the  doctor  certificates  of  their  efficacy.  .  .  .  Long 
may  he  live,  to  make  broader  the  face  of  our  care-ridden  genera 
tion,  and  to  realize  for  himself  the  truth  of  the  wise  man's  de 
claration,  that  a  merry  heart  is  '  a  continual  feast.' " — JOHN  G. 
WHITTIER  :  National  Era. 

"  You  went  crazy  last  year  over  Bulwer's  New  Timon : 
Why,  if  B.,  to  the  day  of  his  dying,  should  rhyme  on, 
Heaping  verses  on  verses,  and  tomes  upon  tomes, 
He  could  ne'er  reach  the  best  point  and  vigour  of  Holmes. 
His  are  just  the  fine  hands,  too,  to  weave  you  a  lyric 
Full  of  fancy,  fun,  feeling,  or  spiced  with  satiric, 
In  so  kindly  a  measure,  that  nobody  knows 
What  to  do  but  e'en  join  in  the  laugh,  friends  and  foes." 

J.  RUSSELL  LOWELL:  A  Fablf.  for  Critics. 

"As  he  is  everybody's  favourite,  there  is  no  occasion  for  critics 
to  meddle  with  him,  either  to  censure  or  to  praise.  He  can  afford 
to  laugh  at  the  whole  reviewing  fraternity.  His  wit  is  all  his  own, 
so  sly  and  tingling,  but  without  a  drop  of  ill-nature  in  it,  and 
never  leaving  a  sting  behind.  His  humour  is  so  grotesque  and 
queer,  that  it  reminds  one  of  the  frolics  of  Puck;  and  deep  pathos 
mingles  with  it  so  naturally,  that,  when  the  reader's  eyes  are 
brimming  with  tears,  he  knows  not  whether  they  have  their  source 
in  sorrow  or  in  laughter.  The  great  merits  of  his  English  style 
we  noticed  on  a  former  occasion,  [N.  Amer.  Rev.,  Ixiv.  208-216;] 
for  point,  idiomatic  propriety,  and  terseness,  it  is  absolutely  with 
out  a  rival."— FRANCIS  BOWEN  :  N.  Amer.  Rev.,  Ixviii.  201-203. 

It  is  now  time  to  inquire  into  the  character  of  the  re 
ception  which  our  author's  poetry  has  encountered  on  the 
other  side  of  the  Atlantic,  where  critics  may  be  supposed 
to  scan  with  a  less  indulgent  eye  the  pretensions  of  Ame 
rican  authorship.  Miss  Mitford,  in  her  chapter  on  AME- 
KICAN  POETS,  already  referred  to,  remarks, 

"  Of  all  this  flight  of  genuine  poets,  I  hardly  know  any  one  so 
original  as  Dr.  Holmes.  For  him  we  can  find  no  living  prototype: 
to  track  his  footsteps,  we  must  travel  back  as  far  as  Pope  or  Dry- 
den  ;  and  to  my  mind  it  would  be  well  if  some  of  our  bards  would 
take  the  same  journey, — provided  always  it  produced  the  same  re 
sult.  Lofty,  poignant,  graceful,  grand,  high  of  thought  and 
clear  of  word,  we  could  fancy  ourselves  reading  some  pungent 
page  of  Absalom  and  Achitophel,  or  of  the  Moral  Epistles,  if 
it  were  not  for  the  pervading  nationality,  which,  excepting  Whit- 
tier,  American  poets  have  generally  wanted,  and  for  that  true 
reflection  of  the  manners  and  follies  of  the  age.  without  which 
satire  would  fail  alike  of  its  purpose  and  its  name.  ...  He  excels 
in  singing  his  own  charming  songs,  and  speaks  as  well  as  he 
writes." 

"  In  the  lighter  poems  of  Holmes,  humour  is  generally  blended 
with  good  taste.  His  versification  is  easy  and  fluent,  and  rises  to 
dignity  and  chastened  elegance  in  his  serious  and  didactic  poems; 
which  suggest  that  the  writer,  devoting  his  life  to  literature, 
might  have  achieved  greater  works."— Chambers's  Hand-Book  of 
American  Literature,  London  and  Edinburgh,  1856. 

"There  are  many  things  in  Holmes's  humorous  pieces  which 
bear  strong  resemblance  to  the  similar  productions  of  our  English 
satirists,  Swift,  Pope,  and  Thomas  Hood.  He  possesses  Swift's 
quaintness  and  motley  merriment,  Pope's  polish  and  graceful 
point,  and  the  solemn  pathos  and  allied  excruciating  mirth  of 
Hood.  In  addition  to  these,  he  has  a  certain  originality  of  bis 
own,  which  would  be  difficult  to  define,  but  which  would  seem  to 
consist  in  freedom  and  facility  ingrafted  on  the  broad,  hearty 
nature  of  Brother  Jonathan." — Irish  Quarterly  Review,  v.  215- 
220 :  Review  of  the  second  English  ed.  (1S52)  of  Holmt^s  Poems. 

We  find  the  same  vol.  thus  noticed  by  a  famous  London 

869 


HOL 


HOL 


periodical,  the  severity  of  whose  critical  judgments  has 
long  made  its  name  a  terror  to  authordom  on  both  sides 
of  the  Atlantic  : 

"There  are  strains  of  didactic  thought,  humorous  fency, 
pathetic  feeling,—  there  is  an  Augustan  sonority  and  neatness  of 
versification,—  in  the  poems  of  Dr.  Holmes,  which  by  turns  remind 
us  of  the  Prize-Poets  of  our  Colleges:—  of  Crabbe,  who  minutely 
wrought  out  the  homeliest  themes  in  heroic  metre,—  of  William 
Spencer's  drawing-room  lyrics,  light  as  gossamer,  sentimental  as 
music  on  a  lake,—  and  of  Whistlecraft.  Yet  there  is  nothing  like 
gross  or  direct  imitation  in  this  worthy  little  volume."—  ion. 
Athenieum,  1852,  p.  815. 

Dr.  Holmes  was  one  of  the  principal  parties  in  organizing 
the  Atlantic  Monthly,  and  contributed  to  its  first  twelve 
numbers  a  series  of  papers  entitled  the  "  Autocrat  of  the 
Breakfast-Table,"  which  were  exceedingly  popular,  and 
were  pub.  in  a  vol.  illustrated  by  Hoppin,  Boston,  1858, 
12mo. 

"The  'Autocrat'  is  as  genial  and  gentle,  and,  withal,  as  philo 
sophical,  an  essayist  as  any  of  modern  times.  Hazlitt,  saturnine 
and  cynical,  would  yet  have  loved  this  writer.  Charles  Lamb 
•would  have  opened  his  heart  to  one  who  resembles  him  so  much 
in  many  excellent  points.  Leigh  Hunt,  we  dare  say,  has  been 
much  delighted  with  him.  Thomas  Hood,  the  great  humanitarian, 
would  have  relished  his  fine  catholic  spirit.  Dickens,  no  doubt, 
has  read  him  more  than  once,  admiring  his  command  of  our  com 
mon  language,  —  the  '  well  of  English  undefined,'  —  and,  above  all, 
the  pervading  tone  of  practical  philosophy.  The  '  Autocrat,'  how 
ever,  is  somewhat  more  than  an  essayist  :  he  is  contemplative,  dis 
cursive,  poetical,  thoughtful,  philosophical,  amusing,  imaginative, 
tender,  —  never  didactic.  This  is  the  secret  of  his  marked  success: 
he  interests  variously-constituted  minds  and  various  moods  of 
mind.  It  needed  not  the  introduction  of  lyrical  pieces  (which  we 
are  glad  to  have)  to  show  that  the  '  Autocrat'  is  essentially  a  poet. 
Of  all  who  would  have  most  enjoyed  him  we  may  foremost  name 
Professor  "Wilson,  who  would  have  welcomed  him  to  a  seat  '  above 
the  salt'  at  the  far-famed  '  Noctes  Ambrosianaj,'  placing  him  next 
to  William  Maginn,  the  wayward  'ODoherty'  of  Blackwood's 
Magazine."—  DH.  R.  SHELTON  MACKENZIE. 

Holmes,  Robert,  D.D.,  1749-1805,  a  native  of 
Hampshire,  educated  at  New  College,  Oxford,  became 
Rector  of  Staunton,  Canon  of  Salisbury,  and,  in  1804, 
Dean  of  Winchester.  In  1790  he  succeeded  Thom'as 
Warton  as  Professor  of  Poetry  at  Oxford.  1.  The  Resur 
rection  of  the  Body,  Lon.,  1777,  4to.  2.  Alfred;  an  Ode, 
Ac.,  1778,  4to.  3.  Eight  Serms.  at  the  Bampton  Lects., 
1782,  on  the  Prophecies  and  Testimony  of  John  the  Bap 
tist,  and  the  parallel  prophecies  of  Jesus  Christ,  1783,  8vo. 
4.  Four  Theolog.  Tracts,  1788,  8vo.  5.  An  Ode,  1793,  4to. 
6.  Treatises  on  Religious  and  Scriptural  Subjects,  Oxf., 
1806,  r.  8vo.  7.  Episcopo  Dunelmensi  Epistola,  &c.,  1795, 
fol.  8.  Epistolaa  Episcopo  Dunelmensi,  1795,  fol.  These 
two  Latin  Epistles  contain  specimens  of  the  edit,  of  the 
Septuagint  commenced  by  Dr.  Holmes  and  completed  by 
the  Rev.  J.  Parsons.  See  Dr.  Holmes's  Annual  Accounts 
of  the  Collection  of  the  MSS.  of  the  Septuagint  Version, 
from  1789  to  1803,  8vo.  The  titles  of  this  great  work 
run  as  follows  :  —  Vetus  Testamentum  Graecum,  cum  variis 
Lectionibus;  edidit  Robertus  Holmes,  D.D.,  Decanus 
Wintoniensis  ;  torn.  L,  Oxonii,  e  Typographeo  Claren- 
doniano,  1798,  fol.  Vetus  Testamentum  Graecum,  cum 
variis  Lectionibus.  Editionem  a  Roberto  Holmes,  S.T.P., 
inchoatam  continuavit  Jacobus  Parsons,  S.T.B.  ;  torn,  ii.- 
v.,  Oxonii,  e  Typographeo  Clarendoniano,  1818-27,  fol. 
The  five  vols.  were  pub.  at  £16  16s.  in  sheets.  The  date 
of  torn.  i.  would  more  properly  have  been  1798-1804.  In 
the  next  year  —  1805  —  Dr.  Holmes  pub.  the  Book  of  Daniel. 
For  an  account  of  this  work,  which  reflects  great  credit 
upon  the  authors  and  the  University  of  Oxford,  we  refer 
the  reader  to  Chalmers's  Biog.  Diet.  ;  Lon.  Monthly  Re 
view  ;  Critical  Review  ;  British  Critic  ;  Lon.  Gent.  Mag.; 
vol.  Ixxv.  ;  Lon.  Eclec.  Rev.;  Classical  Journal;  Bp 
Marsh's  Divinity  Lectures,  (Lect.  xii.  ;)  Home's  Bibl. 
Bib.  ;  Lowndes's  Brit.  Lib.,  28-29. 

Holmes,  Samuel*  A  Journal  during  his  attendance 
on  Lord  Macartney's  Embassy  to  China  and  Tartary, 
Lon.,  1797,  8vo. 

Holmesby,  Capt.  John.  Voyages  and  Adventures 
to  the  Southern  Ocean,  1737,  Lon.,  1757,  12mo. 

Holroyd,  Edward.  1.  Case  of  A.  Thornton,  Lon., 
8vo.  2.  Law  of  Patents  for  Inventions,  1830,  8vo.  This 
work  is  confined  to  Patents,  whilst  Mr.  Richard  Godson's 
treats  of  Copyrights  as  well  as  of  Patents  :  (see  p.  682.) 

Holroyd,  John  Baker,  Earl  of  Sheffield.  See  SHEF 
FIELD. 

Holstein,  Anthony  Frederick,  a  fictitious  name 

under  which  several  novels  were  pub.,  Lon.,  1809-15. 

Holstein,  Esther.     Ernestina;  a  Nov.,  1801,  2  vols 

Holstein,  General  H.L.  V.  Ducoudray,  wrote, 

whilst  in  America,  Recollections  of  an  Officer  of  the  Em 

pire,  The  Life  of  Simon  Bolivar,  <fcc.,  and  edited  at  Albany 

a  literary  periodical,  entitled  The  Zodiac. 

870 


Holsworth,  Richard.  See  HOLDSWORTH. 
Holt,  Sir  Charles.  Med.  con.  to  Phil.  Trans.,  1699. 
Holt,  Francis  .L  ml  low,  d.  1844,  Queen's  Counsel, 
Vice-Chancellor  of  Lancashire,  1826-44,  for  many  years 
chief  editor  of  Bell's  Weekly  Messenger.  1.  The  Land 
we  Live  in  ;  a  Com.,  Lon.,  1804,  '05,  8vo.  2.  Law  and 
Usage  of  Parl.  in  Cases  of  Privilege  and  Contempt,  1810, 
Jvo.  3.  Law  of  Libel,  1812,  '16,  8vo.  Reviewed  by  Lord 
Brougham  in  Edin.  Rev.,  Sept.  1816  ;  and  in  collected 
Contrib.  to  Edin.  Rev.,  1856,  iii.  150-179.  1st  Amer. 
ed.,  by  A.  Bleeker,  N.  York,  1818,  8vo.  A  good  book  in 
ts  day,  but  now  superseded.  4.  Rep.  of  Cases  at  Nisi 
Prius,  1815-17,  Lon.,  1818,  8vo.  5.  Law  of  Shipping, 
1820,  '24,  8vo. 

"  Mr.  Holt  has  followed  in  the  track  of  Lord  Tenterden,  and 
with  great  credit  to  himself."  —  Kent's  Com.,  Pt.  5. 

6.  Treat,  on  the  Bankrupt  Laws,  1827,  8vo.    See  biogra 
phical  notice  of  this  excellent  man  and  useful  writer  in 
Lon.  Gent.  Mag.,  Dec.  1844. 
Holt,  John.     See  HOLTE. 

Holt,  Sir  John,  1642-1710,  Lord  Chief-Justice  of 
the  King's  Bench,  1689-1710,  was  a  native  of  Thane, 
Yorkshire,  educated  at  Oriel  Coll.,  Oxford,  and  entered  at 
Gray's  Inn,  1658.  1.  Reports  of  Cases  determined  by  Sir 
John  Holt,  1681-1710,  from  a  MS.  of  Thos.  Farresley,  &c., 
Lon.,  1738,  fol. 

"  Farresley  was  the  author  of  7th  Modern,  a  book  of  bvtt  in 
different  authority.  The  merits  of  the  present  work,  I  believe,  are 
in  a  concatenation  accordingly."  —  Wallace's  Reporters,  247,  ed. 
1855. 

6th  and  7th  Modern  both  contain  Reports  of  Holt's 
Judgments  : 

"  He  complained  bitterly  of  his  reporters,  saying  that  the 
skimblescamble  stuff  which  they  published  would  '  make  posterity 
think  ill  of  his  understanding  and  that  of  his  brethren  on  the 
bench.'  He  chiefly  referred  to  a  collection  of  Keports  called 
MODERN,  embracing  nearly  the  whole  of  the  time  when  he  sat 
on  the  bench,  —  which  are  composed  in  a  very  loose  and  perfunctory 
manner.  More  justice  is  done  to  him  by  Salkeld,  Carthew,  Levinz, 
Shower,  and  Skinner  ;  but  these  do  little  more  than  state  drily 
the  points  which  he  decided,  and  we  should  have  been  left  with 
out  any  adequate  memorial  of  his  judicial  powers,  had  it  not  been 
for  admirable  Reports  of  his  decisions  published  after  his  death. 
These,  beginning  with  Easter  Term,  6  \V.  &  M.,  were  compiled 
by  Lord  Kaymond,  who  was  his  pupil,  and  who  became  his  suc 
cessor.  Many  of  them  are  distinguished  by  animation  as  well  as 
precision,  and  they  form  a  delightful  treat  to  the  happy  few  who 
have  a  genuine  taste  for  judicial  science."  —  LORD  CAMPBELL  :  Lives 
of  the  Cfiief-Justices. 

It  is  known  to  the  profession  that  Lord  Mansfield  and 
several  other  judges  doubt  the  accuracy  of  the  beginning 
of  Raymond's  first  vol.;  but  this  is  a  vexata  qucettio, 
which  we  shall  let  the  lawyers  decide,  or,  rather,  discuss. 
The  dictum  of  a  layman  would  have  but  little  weight  in 
the  controversy.  The  vol.  entitled  Cases  and  Resolutions 
of  Cases,  &c.,  1742,  Svo,  is  sometimes  cited  as  Cases  Tern- 
pore  Holt  ;  though  that  title  is  generally  used  to  distin 
guish  Farresley's  folio,  1738.  We  must  not  forget  to 
mention  that  in  1837,  Svo,  there  was  pub.  from  the  original 
MSS.,  with  an  Introduc.,  Lord  Holt's  Judgments  in  the 
Case  of  Ashby  v.  White  and  others,  and  J.  Paty  and 
others.  In  1708,  Lord  Holt  edited  a  collection  of  Crown 
Cases,  from  the  MS.  of  Chief-Justice  Kelynge,  adding 
three  judgments  of  his  own,  all  of  which  are  upon  the  law 
of  murder  and  manslaughter  : 

"  His  notice  of  them  in  his  preface  rather  shows  that  he  was 
an  instance  of  a  great  English  lawyer  being  utterly  unacquainted 
with  English  composition."  —  LORD  CAMPBELL  :  ubi  supra. 

A  new  ed.  of  the  above  folio,  or  rather  anew  title-page, 
was  pub.  in  1739.  Respecting  this  great  judge,  in  addi 
tion  to  authorities  above  cited,  consult  his  Life,  1764,  8vo; 
Biog.  Brit.,  vol.  vii.,  Supp.  ;  Burnet's  Own  Times;  Athen. 
Oxon.  ;  Nichols's  Atterbury;  Marvin's  Leg.  Bibl.  ;  Tatler, 
No.  14;  art.  on  Law-School  at  Cambridge,  by  Dr.  Charles 
Follen,  in  N.  Amer.  Rev.,  xxxvi.  395-418.  One  of  Holt's 
most  celebrated  judgments  is  that  of  Coggs  v.  Barnard, 

"In  which  the  law  of  bailments  is  expounded  with  philosophic 
precision  and  fulness.  .  .  .  And,  if  he  had  left  no  other  judgment 
on  record,  this  alone  would  justify  the  eulogy  of  an  eminent  mo 
dern  judge,  that  '  he  was  as  great  a  lawyer  as  ever  sat  in  West 
minster  Hall.'"  —  JUDGE  STORY:  Progress  of  Jurisprudence:  Mis- 
cell.  Writings,  1852,  204. 

Holt  deserves  great  credit  for  his  courageous  guardian 
ship  of  the  legal  rights  of  the  people  in  opposition  to  the 
tyrannical  measures  of  King  James  II.  This  was  not  for 
gotten  by  the  succeeding  government.  An  eminent  au 
thority  of  the  times  of  Holt,  referring  to  the  manner  in 
which  the  Revolution  judges  were  selected,  remarks  : 

The  first  of  these  was  Sir  John  Holt,  made  Lord  Chief-Justice 


of  England,  then  a  young  man  for  so  high  a  post,  who  maintained 

th  a  great  reputation  for  capa 
courage,  and  dispatch."  —  BISHOP  BURNET  :  Own  Times. 


it  all  his  time  with  a  great  reputation  for  capacity,  integrity, 
rage,  and  dispatch."  —  BISHOP  BURNET  :  Own  Times. 
He  was  a  man  of  profound   knowledge  of  the  laws  of  hia 


HOL 

country,  and  as  just  an  observer  of  them  in  his  own  person."— 
Sbtler,  No.  14. 

"  A  man  of  unsullied  honour,  of  profound  learning,  and  of  the 
most  enlightened  understanding."— LORD  CAMPBELL  :  ubi  supra. 

"On  the  intimate  connection  of  these  two  codes,  [those  of  Rome 
and  England,]  let  us  hear  the  words  of  Lord  Holt,  whose  name 
never  can  be  pronounced  without  veneration,  as  long  as  wisdom 
and  integrity  are  revered  among  men."— SIR  JAMES  MACKINTOSH  : 
On  the  Study  of  the  Law  of  Nature  and  Nations;  Miscell.  Works, 
1856,  ii.  386. 

Holt,  John,  1742-1801,  a  native  of  Mottram,  Che- 
shire,  a  schoolmaster.  1.  Characters  of  the  Kings  and 
Queens  of  England,  Lon.,  1786-88,  3  vols.  12mo ;  1794, 
8vo.  A  work  of  merit.  2.  General  View  of  the  Agricult. 
of  the  County  of  Lancaster,  1795,  8vo. 

"  It  is  a  very  respectable  performance."— Donaldson's  Agricult. 
Biog. 

3.  Essay  on  the  Curie  of  Potatoes.     See  Lon.  Gent.  Mag., 
vol.  Ixxi.     At  the  time  of  his  death  he  was  employed  in 
collecting  materials  for  a  history  of  Liverpool. 
Holt,  John.     See  HOLTE. 

Holt,  Joseph,  General  of  the  Irish  Rebels  in  1798. 
His  Memoirs,  Lon.,  1838,  2  vols.  8vo.  See  CROKER, 
THOMAS  CROFTON;  Dubl.  Univ.  Mag.,  xii.  72-74. 

Holt,  Ludlow,  LL.D.     Serms.,  1780-81,  both  4to. 
Holt,  Richard.     Artificial  Stone,  Lon.,  1730,  8vo. 
Holt,  Thomas.     Fearful  News  from  Coventry;  or, 
a  Relation  of  T.  Holt's  having  sold  himself  to  the  Devil, 
Lon.,  1642,  4to. 

Holte,  John,  author  of  the  first  Latin  Grammar  of 
any  note  in  England,  a  native  of  Sussex,  educated  at,  and 
Fellow  of,  Magdalen  College,  Oxford,  became  an  eminent 
schoolmaster.  He  pub.  his  Grammar,  (Lac  Pueoru;  Mylke 
for  Chyldren,)  according  to  Wood,  about  1497,  4to ;  Lon. 
by  W.  de  Worde,  4to.  But  see  Dibdin's  Typ.  Antiq.,  ii. 
380,  and  his  Lib.  Comp.,  571.  A  copy  of  this  rare  book, 
which  consists  of  48  leaves,  sine  anno,  was  in  Richard 
Heber's  library.  See  Tanner ;  Bale ;  Bliss's  Wood's  Athen. 
Oxon. 

Ilolthouse,  C.,  Assistant  Surgeon  and  Lecturer  to  the 
Westminster  Hospital.  Six  Lects.  on  Strabismus,  Lon., 
1854,  8vo. 

"We  can  strongly  recommend  a  perusal  of  these  lectures  to  al 
who  are  interested  in  the  subject  of  Strabismus."— ion.  Med.  Times 
and  Gazette.  Also  commended  by  Edin.  Month.  Jour. 

Ilolthouse,  Henry  James,  of  the  Inner  Temple 
Special  Pleader.  New  Law  Dictionary,  Lon.,  1839,  fp. 
Svo;  2d  ed.,  1846,  p.  8vo.  1st  Amer.  ed:,  from  the  2c 
Lon.  ed.,  with  numerous  addits.,  by  Henry  Penington,  of 
the  Phila.  Bar,  Phila.,  1847,  12mo.  2d  Amer.  ed.,  Bost. 
1850,  p.  8vo. 

"  Its  object  principally  is  to  impress  accurately  and  distinctly 
•upon  the  mind  the  meaning  of  the  technical  terms  of  the  law ;  and 
as  such  it  can  hardly  fail  to  be  generally  useful.  There  is  much 
curious  information  to  be  found  in  it  in  regard  to  the  peculiarities 
of  the  ancient  Saxon  law.  The  additions  of  the  American  edition 
[Mr.  Penington'sj  give  increased  value  to  the  work,  and  evince 
much  accuracy  and  taste." — Penna.  Law  Jour. 
See  also  5  M.  L.  M.,  199;  36  L.  M.,  174. 
Holwell,  John,  an  Englishman,  surveyor  to  the 
crown,  an  adherent  of  the  Duke  of  Monmouth,  d.  in  New 
York  about  1685,  and  is  supposed  to  have  been  poisone 
from  political  animosity.  1.  Catastrophe  Mundi,  1682 
4to.  This  is  an  attack  on  the  Popish  party.  Appendix 
1683,  4to.  2.  Prac.  Surveyor,  Lon.,  1687,  Svo.  3.  Trigo 
nometry  made  Easy,  1685,  Svo.  See  Asiatic  Annual  Re 
gister,  vol.  i. ;  Chalmers's  Biog.  Diet.  *  ,  _ 

Holwell,  John  Zephaniah,  1711-1798,  a  nativ 
of  Dublin,  grandson  of  the  preceding,  and  a  member  o 
the  Council  at  Calcutta,  was  one  of  the  sufferers  in  th 
"Black  Hole,"  of  which  melancholy  affair  he  gives  ai 
account  in  the  India  Tracts,  Lonv  1758,  Svo;  1764,  '77 
4to.  He  pub.  several  other  works  on  East  India  affairs : — 
Interesting  Hist.  Events  relative  to  Bengal  and  Industan 
with  the  Mythology  of  the  Gentoos,  <fcc.,  in  three  parts,  Svo 
1765-66-71;  Small-Pox  in  the  East  Indies,  1767,  Svo,  &c 
A  New  Experiment  for  the  Prevention  of  Crimes,  1786 
Svo;  and  a  Dissert,  on  the  Origin,  Nature,  and  Pursuit 
of  Intelligent  Beings,  1788,  Svo.  This  is  a  curious  pro 
duction.  An  account  of  Holwell  and  his  publications  wi" 
be  found  in  the  Asiatic  Annual  Register,  vol.  i. ;  see  als 
Chalmers's  Biog.  Diet. 

Holwell,  Thomas.     Newe  Sonets  and  Pratie  Pam 
phlets,  Lon.,  sine  anno,  4to. 

Holwell,  Win.,  Preb.  of  Exeter,  d.  1798.  1.  Beautie 
of  Homer,  Lon.,  1775,  Svo.  2.  Extracts  from  Pope's  Trans 
of  the  Iliad,  1776,  Svo.  3.  A  Mytholog.,  Etymolog.,  an 
Hist.  Diet,  extracted  from  the  Analysis  of  Ancient  My 
thology,  1793,  Svo.  This  is  from  Jacob  Bryant's  elaborat 
work. 
Holybush,  John.  See  HOLLYBUSHE. 


HOM 

Holyoush,  John.  See  HOLYWOOD. 
Holyday,  Barten,  D.D.,  1593-1661,  a  native  of  Ox. 
rd,  educated  at  Christ  Church,  Chaplain  to  Charles  L, 
nd  Archdeacon  of  Oxford.  His  best-known  works  are  a 
'rans.  of  Juvenal  and  Persius;  4th  ed.,  Oxf.,  1673,  fol. : 
urvey  of  the  World ;  a  Poem,  1661,  sm.  Svo  :  and  twenty 
erms.  See  Athen.  Oxon. ;  Wood's  Life ;  Lloyd's  Memoirs ; 
lalone's  Dryden. 

Holyoake,  Francis,  1567P-1653,  Rector  of  South  am, 
Varwickshire,  pub.  an  Etymological  Diet,  of  Latin  Words, 
606,  4to;  4th  ed.,  1633,  '40.  New  ed.,  enlarged,  by  his 
on,  Thomas  Holyoake,  Lon.,  1677,  fol.  This  may  be 
ailed  a  new  work,  founded  on  the  old  one  of  his  father's. 
Francis  Holyoake  also  pub.  a  Sermon,  Heb.  xiii.  17,  Oxf., 
610,  4to.  See  Athen.  Oxon. 

Holyoake,  Thomas,  1616-1675,  Preb.  of  the  Col- 
egiate  Church  of  Wolverhampton,  son  of  the  preceding, 
q.  v.  See  Athen.  Oxon. ;  Gen.  Diet. ;  Gent.  Mag.,  vol.  i. 
Holywood,Holybush,Halifax,  or  Sacrobosco, 
John,  Prof,  of  Mathematics  in  the  Univ.  of  Paris,  was 
he  author  of  De  Sphoera  Mundi,  often  reprinted  with 
annotations;  De  Anni  Ratione,  seu  de  Computo  Ecclesi- 
astico ;  De  Algorismo,  printed  with  Comm.  Petri  Cirvilli 
lisp.,  Paris,  1498.  Where  or  when  this  writer  was  born 
and  died  is  involved  in  doubt.  It  is  not  certainly  known 
whether  he  lived  in  the  13th  or  14th  century.  See  Mac 
kenzie's  Scotch  Writers,  vol.  i. ;  Harris's  Ware's  Ireland  ; 
Leland;  Pits;  Bale;  Dempster;  Button's  Diet.;  Cham- 
aers  and  Thomson's  Biog.  Diet,  of  Eminent  Scotsmen, 
1855,  vol.  iii. 

Holyoke,  Edward,  d.  1769,  aged  79,  graduated  at 
Harvard  College  in  1705,  was  ordained  in  1716,  and  offi 
ciated  as  President  of  that  noble  institution  from  1737 
until  his  death.  He  pub.  a  serin.,  1737,  another,  1741,  an 
answer  to  Mr.  Whitefield,  1744,  and  contributed  the  first 
poem  in  the  Pietas  et  Gratulatio  of  Harvard  College,  1761, 
Bost.,  4to,  pp.  106. 

Holyoke,  Edward  Augustus,  M.D.,  1728-1829, 
son  of  the  preceding,  an  eminent  physician,  graduated  at 
Harvard  College  in  1746,  and  practised  for  nearly  eighty 
years  at  Salem,  Mass.  He  pub.  a  number  of  Astronomical 
papers  in  Silliman's  Journal,  and  medical  articles  in  the 
Trans.  Mass.  Med.  Society,  and  N.  York  Med.  Repository. 
He  left  a  number  of  Diaries  in  MS.  See  Knapp's  Amer. 
Biog. ;  Mass.  Med.  Society,  vol.  iv. ;  (Memoir  by  Dr.  A. 
L.  Peirson  of  Salem,)  Williams's  Amer.  Med.  Biog. ;  Amer. 
Quar.  Reg.,  xiii.  79. 

Holyoke,  Samuel  Adams,  a  teacher  of  music,  d. 
1820,  at  Concord,  Mass.  1.  Columbian  Repository  of  Sa 
cred  Harmony.  2.  Occasional  Music,  Exeter,  1802. 

Homans,  Benjamin,  editor  of  the  Military  and 
Naval  Magazine  of  the  U.  States,  Washington,  D.C.,  6 
vols.  Svo, 

Homans,  J.  Smith,  editor  of  (1.)  J.  W.  Gilbart's 
Treat,  on  Banking,  N.  York,  1851,  Svo;  Phila.,  1854,  Svo; 
2.  W.  J.  Lawson's  Hist,  of  Banking;  with  addits.,  Bost., 
1852,  Svo;  3.  The  Banker's  Magazine  and  Statistical 
Register,  New  York ;  vol.  x.  pub.  in  1856.  4.  In  conjunc 
tion  with  J.  Smith  Homans,  Jr.,  A  Cyclopedia  of  Commerce 
and  Commercial  Navigation,  N.Y.,  1858,  r.  8vo,  pp.  2000, 
double  columns.  By  far  the  best  work  on  the  subject. 

Homans,  J.  Smith,  Jr.  A  Historical  and  Statistical 
Account  of  the  Foreign  Commerce  of  the  United 'States. 
See  HOMANS,  J.  SMITH. 

Home.  Select  Views  in  Mysore;  with  Hist.  Descrip 
tions,  Lon.,  1794,  r.  4to. 

Home,  Alexander.  Decis.  of  the  Ct  of  Session 
from  Nov.,  1735,  Edin.,  1757,  fol. 

Home,  Charles.  A  new  Chronological  Abridgt.  of 
the  Hist,  of  Eng.,  Lon.,  1791,  Svo.  A  work  of  merit,  but 
with  many  erroneous  dates. 
Home,  or  Hume,  David.  See  HUME. 
Home,  Sir  Everard,  Bart.,  President  Royal  Coll. 
of  Surgeons,  1756-1832,  a  native  of  Greenlaw  Castle, 
county  of  Berwick,  Scotland,  studied  medicine  with  his 
brother-in-law,  the  celebrated  John  Hunter,  and  practised 
in  London  with  great  success  for  more  than  five  years. 
Among  his  contributions  to  medical  literature  are  Observa 
tions  on  the  Treatment  of  Ulcers  on  the  Legs,  1797 ;  On 
Cancer,  1805 ;  On  Strictures  of  the  Urethra,  <fcc.,'  3  volg. 
8vo ;  on  the  Prostate  Gland,  2  vols.  Svo ;  many  papers 
in  Phil.  Trans.,  Nic.  Jour.,  and  other  periodicals ;  and  the 
following  great  work :  Lects.  on  Comparative  Anatomy, 
&c.,  1814-28,  6  vols.  r.  4to,  361  plates,  £18  18«. ;  large 
paper,  r.  4to,  £27  6«. 

"The  six  volumes  taken  together  are  filled  with  researches  that 
were  begun  at  seventeen,  and  have  been  uninterruptedly  con- 


HOM 

tinned  to  seventy, — a  period  of  fifty-five  years.  It  is  to  the  late 
John  Hunter  I  owe  the  love  of  the  pursuit ;  and  his  example,  both 
of  application  and  the  mode  of  investigation,  I  have  never  lost 
sight  of.  To  him  I  am  indebted  for  the  rich  stores  which  he 
placed  before  me,  which  it  has  been  the  height  of  my  ambition  to 
increase." — Authors  Preface. 

Official  investigations  have  left  no  doubt  remaining 
that  Sir  Everard  did,  indeed,  "  owe  to  the  late  John  Hun 
ter"  more  than  was  generally  supposed. 

A  biographical  notice  of  Sir  Everard  will  be  found  in 
Lon.  Gent.  Mag.,  Oct.  1832. 

Home,  Francis,  M.D.,  Prof,  of  Materia  Medica  in 
the  Univ.  of  Edinburgh,  pub.  Principia  Medicina,  Edin., 
1758, '70, 'S3,  Svo;  Med.  Facts  and  Experiments,  Edin. 
and  Lon.,  1759,  8vo;  in  German,  Altenb.,  1768,  Svo;  in 
French,  Par.,  1773,  12mo;  several  other  profess.  Ac. 
works ;  and  The  Principles  of  Agricult.  and  Vegetation, 
Lou,  1757,  '58,  '62,  8vo. 

"The  first  regular  attempt  to  put  agriculture  on  scientific 
grounds." — Donaldson's  Agricult.  Bing. 

Home,  Henry,  Lord  Kames,  1696-1782,  a  native 
of  the  county  of  Berwick,  Scotland,  was  for  some  time  a 
writer  to  the  Signet,  was  called  to  the  Bar  in  1724,  made 
a  Judge  of  the  Court  of  Session  in  1752,  when,  according 
to  custom,  he  took  the  title  of  Lord  Kames;  appointed 
one  of  the  Lofds  of  Justiciary  in  1763.  He  cultivated 
the  large  estate  of  Blair-Drummond,  in  Perthshire,  of 
which  he  became  possessed  in  right  of  his  wife.  Lord 
Kames  was  noted  for  great  public  spirit;  and  his  cheer 
fulness  of  temper,  combined  with  a  vast  amount  of  infor 
mation  on  literary,  political,  and  agricultural  topics,  made 
him  a  general  favourite  in  society.  The  reader  will  be 
greatly  interested  in  A.  F.  Tytler's  (Lord  Woodhouselee) 
Memoirs  of  the  Life  and  Writings  of  the  Hon.  Henry 
Home,  of  Kauies;  with  a  Supp.,  Edin.,  1807-10,  2  vols. 
4to;  Lon.,  1814,  3  vols.  8vo.  His  life  was  also  pub.  by 
Wm.  Smellie  :  (see  GREGORY,  JOHN,  p.  737.)  1.  Remark 
able  Decisions  in  the  Ct.  of  Session,  1716-28,  fol.,  Edin., 
1728.  2.  Essays  on  several  Subjects  in  Law,  1732,  8vo. 
3.  Diet,  of  the  Decisions  of  the  Ct.  of  Session,  1741,  2  vols. 
fol.  With  continuation  by  Lord  Woodhouselee  and  T. 
Macgrugar;  whole  work,  1741-1804,  5  vols,  fol.  Now 
superseded  by  the  Diet,  of  W.  M.  Morison,  1808-18,  42 
vols.  4to,  and  Supp.  by  M.  P.  Brown,  1823-26,  5  vols.  4to, 
and  the  Synopsis  by  M.  P.  Brown,  1829,  4  vols.  4  to.  4. 
Essays  upon  several  subjects  concerning  Brit.  Antiquities, 
1747,  '49,  8vo;  1763,  12mo.  5.  Essay  on  the  Principles 
of  Morality  and  Natural  Religion,  1751,  8vo.  This  work 
elicited  a  warm  controversy  : 

"It  was  with  difficulty  that  the  great  influence  of  the  author 
prevented  this  being  censured  by  the  Church  of  Scotland.  In 
the  subsequent  editions  the  offensive  passages  were  removed." 

6.  Principles  of  the  Law  of  Scotland,  1754,  2  vols.  Svo. 
7.  The  Statute  Law  of  Scotland  Abridged ;  with  Hist. 
Notes,  1757,  '79,  8vo. 

"  Kames's  Abridgment  of  the  Statute  Law  of  England  is  the 
test  work  of  the  kind,  because  he  was  far  more  fit  for  such  a  task 
than  any  other  who  ever  undertook  it;  yet  it  is  full  of  imperfec 
tions,  which  seem  necessarily  incident  to  all  works  of  the  kind." 
— New  Edin.  Kev.,  i.  24, 1761. 

8.  Historical  Law  Tracts,  1758,  Svo;  2d  ed.,  1761,  Svo; 
4th  ed.,  enlarged,  1792,  Svo. 

"The  Historical  Law  Tracts  of  Lord  Kames  are  conducted  upon 
a  very  judicious  system  of  investigating  the  natural  principles  of 
some  of  the  most  important  objects  of  judicial  science,  and  tracing 
the  application  of  them  in  the  Laws  of  Rome,  of  Scotland,  and  of 
England;  but  a  comparison  between  the  Laws  of  Scotland  and 
England,  conducted,  1  think,  with  great  fairness,  is  apparently  the 
leading  object  of  the  undertaking." — 1  Evans's  Poth.  Intro.  58. 

9.  Principles   of  Equity,  1760,  '67,  fol.;    3d  ed.,  1778, 
2  vols.  Svo;  1788,  1800,  Svo;  1825,  Svo.     Kames's  defini 
tion   of  Equity  has   been  confuted  by  Blackstone  in  his 
Comment.,  q.v. :  see  also  Warren's  Law  Studies,  ed.  1845, 
292  ;    15  Ainer.  Jur.  366;    1  Mad.  Ch.,  Pref.,  14;  Marvin's 
Leg.  Bibl.,   394.      10.  Introduc.  to  the  Art  of  Thinking, 
1761;    3d   ed.,  enlarged,   1775,    12mo :    often   reprinted. 
11.   Letters    from   a   Blacksmith    to    the    Ministers   and 
Elders  of  the  Church  of  Scotland,  1761.     12.  Elements 
of  Criticism,  Lon.,  1762,  3  vols.  Svo;  1763,  3  vols.  Svo; 
1769,   2  vols.;   5th   ed.,    Edin.,    1774,  2   vols.  Svo;    6th 
ed.,  1785,  2  vols.  Svo;  7th  ed.,  1788,  2  vols.  Svo;  Basil, 
1795,  3  vols.  Svo;  Lon.,  1817,  2  vols.  8vo;  llth  ed.,  1840, 
8vo ;  abridged  by  A.  Jamieson,  1823,  12mo.     Amer.  eds  • 
by  A.  Mills,    1849,   <tc.  j    by   Rev.  J.  R.  Boyd,    1S55,   r. 
12mo. 

"Da.  JOHNSON.— <  Sir,  this  book  is  a  pretty  essay,  and  deserves 
to  be  held  in  some  estimation,  though  much  of  it  is  chimerical 
The  Sotchman  has  taken  the  right  method  in  his  Elements  of 
Criticism.     I  do  not  mean  that  he  has  taught  us  any  thing;  but 
he  has  told  us  old  things  in  a  new  way.' 

"  MURPH  v.— <  He  seems  to  have  read  a  great  deal  of  French  oriti- 
872 


HOM 

cism.  and  makes  it  his  own ;  as  if  he  had  been  for  years  anatomiz 
ing  the  heart  of  in:m  and  peeping  into  every  cranny  of  it.' 

'•  GOLDSMITH. — '  1 1  is  easier  to  write  that  book  than  to  read  it.' " — 
BoswdVs  Life,  of  Johnson. 

"The  Elements  of  Criticism,  considered  as  the  first  systematical 
attempt  to  investigate  the  metaphysical  principles  of  the  tine  arts, 
possesses,  in  spite  of  its  numerous  defects  both  in  point  of  taste 
and  of  philosophy,  infinite  merits,  and  will  ever  be  regarded  as  a 
literary  wonder  by  those  who  know  how  small  a  portion  of  his 
time  it  was  possible  for  the  author  to  allot  to  the  composition  of 
it,  amidst  the  imperious  and  multifarious  duties  of  a  most  active 
and  useful  life." — DUGALD  STEWART  :  1st.  Prelim.  Dissert.  Encyc. 
Brit. 

''His  great  work.  The  Elements  of  Criticism,  is  truly  an  ori 
ginal  performance,  and  which,  discarding  all  arbitrary  rules  of 
literary  composition  derived  from  authority,  establishes  a  new 
theory  upon  the  principles  of  human  nature." — DK.  HUES. 

And  see  Blackw.  Mag.,  xxv.  539;  xxx.  94;  xxxvii.  700. 
13.  Remarkable  Decisions  of  the  Ct.  of  Session,  1730- 
52,  Edin.,  1766,  fol.  14.  Antiquity  of  the  Bug.  Consti 
tution,  1768,  8vo.  15.  Sketches  of  the  Hist,  of  Man,  1774, 
2  vols.  4to.  Enlarged,  1778,  4  vols.  Svo;  Dubl.,  1779,  2 
vols.  Svo;  Edin.,  1788,  4  vols.  Svo.  Also  at  Basil  in  4 
vols.  Svo. 

';  A  highly  curious  collection  of  arranged  facts; — in  the  main 
rather  disquisitional  and  theoretic  than  historical." — CKAIK. 

16.  The  Gentleman  Farmer,  Edin.,  1776,  Svo;  5th  ed., 
1802,  Svo. 

"  The  book,  however,  possesses  much  merit,  and  shows  a  large 
progress  being  made  on  agricultural  subjects." — Donaldson's  Agri- 
cult,  liiog. 

17.  Elucidations  respecting  the  Commer.  and  Statute 
Law  of  Scotland,  1777,  Svo;  1800,  Svo. 

"  His  extreme  inaccuracy  in  what  he  ventures  to  state,  with 
respect  both  to  the  ancient  Common  Law  and  the  modern  English 
Law.  tends  not  a  little  to  shake  the  credit  of  his  representations 
of  all  law  whatever."  See  Marvin's  Leg.  Bibl.,  395;  1  Dow,  164; 
2  Hagg.  Const.  Rep..  92. 

18.  Select  Decisions  of  the  Ct,  of  Session,  1752-68,  fol., 
1780.    19.  Loose  Hints  on  Education,  1781,  Svo.    Enlarged, 
1782,  Svo.     In    addition   to  authorities  cited  above,  see 
Chambers  and  Thomson's  Biog.  Diet,  of  Eminent  Scots 
men,   1855,  vol.  iii. ;    Disraeli's   Quarrels  of  Authors;  do. 
on  the  Literary  Character;  Blair's  Lects.  on  Rhetoric  and 
Belles-Lettres*;  Story's  Equity  Jurisp.,  ed.  1853,  i.  18,  n. ; 
Hallam's  Lit.  Hist,  of  Europe,  ed.  1854,  iii.  94;  Cockburn's 
Memorials  of  his  Time,  1856. 

Home,  James,  Advocate.  The  Scripture  Hist,  of 
the  Jews  and  their  Republic,  Lon.,  1737,  2  vols.  Svo.  An 
excellent  work.  Recommended  by  Bishop  Tomline,  in  hia 
Elements  of  Christian  Theology. 

Home,  John,  1724-1808,  the  author  of  Douglas,  was 
a  native  of  Ancrum,  Roxburghshire,  Scotland,  educated  at 
the  University  of  Edinburgh,  and  licensed  to  preach  in 
the  Church  of  Scotland  in  1747.  In  December,  1756,  his 
(1.)  Tragedy  of  Douglas  was  presented  at  the  theatre  in  the 
Canongate,  Edinburgh. 

"  It  was  received  with  enthusiastic  applause,  and,  in  the  conclu 
sion,  drew  forth  many  tears,  which  were  perhaps  a  more  unequi 
vocal  testimony  to  its  merits.  The  town  was  in  an  uproar  of  ex 
ultation  that  a  Scotsman  should  write  a  tragedy  of  the  first  rate, 
and  that  its  merits  were  first  submitted  to  them." 

But  the  successful  author  was  soon  reminded  that  he 
was  exercising  his  genius  in  a  forbidden  field;  and  he 
found  it  expedient  to  anticipate  his  expected  degradation 
from  the  ministerial  office  by  abdicating  his  pulpit,  which 
he  did  in  June,  1757.  It  is  perhaps  worthy  of  notice  that 
the  representation  of  Douglas  elicited  Dr.  Witherspoon's 
Serious  Inquiry  into  the  Nature  and  Effects  of  the  Stage. 
Mr.  Home  now  found  a  powerful  patron  in  Lord  Bute,  who 
procured  him  a  pension  of  £300,  and  the  sinecure  office  of 
Conservator  of  the  Scotch  Privileges  at  Campvere,  in  Zea 
land,  which  doubled  this  income.  Home  had  some  early 
military  experience  as  a  volunteer  against  the  Pretender  in 
1745,  and  in  1788  he  received  a  captain's  commission,  which 
he  held  until  the  peace,  in  the  Duke  of  Buccleugh's  regiment 
of  militia, — the  Fencibles.  In  March,  1757,  against  the 
judgment  of  Garrick,  Douglas  was  produced  at  Covent- 
Garden,  and  soon  attained  that  popularity  which  it  haa 
since  enjoyed.  The  latter  part  of  the  author's  life  was 
passed  at  East  Lothian  and  in  the  city  of  Edinburgh, 
where  he  played  the  hospitable  landlord  until  his  death 
in  1808,  at  the  advanced  age  of  86.  He  was  the  author 
of  five  Tragedies,  in  addition  to  Douglas,  (pub.,  Lon., 
1757,  Svo;)  viz.:  2.  Agis,  1758,  Svo;  3.  The  Siege  of 
Aquileia,  1760,  Svo;  4.  The  Fatal  Discovery,  1769,  Svo; 
5.  Alonzo,  1773,  Svo;  6.  Alfred,  1778,  Svo.  Home's 
Dramatic  Works  were  pub.  in  1760,  12mo,  and  at  Edin., 
1798,  2  vols.  12mo.  These  plays  cannot  compare  with 
Douglas. 

"  Home's  other  tragedies  are  all  very  indifferent, — most  of  them 
quite  bad.  Mr.  Mackenzie  should  not  have  disturbed  their  slum 
bers." — JOHN  WILSON  :  Noctes  Ambrosiance,  April,  1822. 


HOM 


HON 


"It  may,  perhaps,  seem  strange  that  the  author,  in  his  preced 
ing  tragedy  of  Agis,  and  in  his  subsequent  dramatic  efforts,  so  far 
from  attaining  similar  excellence,  never  even  approached  to  the 
success  of  Douglas;  yet  good  reasons  can  be  assigned  for  his 
failure,  without  imputing  it,  during  his  best  years  at  least,  to  a 
decay  of  genius." — SIR  WALTER  SCOTT:  Life  and  Works  of  John 
Home,  Lon.  Quar.  ffeo.,  June,  1827 ;  and  in  Scott's  Prose  Works,  q.v. 

This  article  is  a  review  of  the  Works  of  John  Home,  Esq., 
now  first  collected,  to  which  is  prefixed  an  account  of  his 
Life  and  Writings,  by  Henry  Mackenzie,  Edin.,  1822,  3 
vols.  8vo.  To  this  work  we  refer  the  reader  for  further 
particulars  connected  with  the  biography  and  literary 
labours  of  our  author.  See  also  Nodes  Ainbrosianae, 
April,  1822. 

Home  also  pub.  the  History  of  the  Kebellion  in  1745, 
4to,  1802,  which  we  shall  notice  hereafter.  The  merits  of 
Douglas,  notwithstanding  the  assertion  of  Dr.  Johnson 
"  that  there  were  not  ten  good  lines  in  the  whole  play," 
have  been  repeatedly  acknowledged  by  the  most  compe 
tent  critics.  That  this  laudation  has  been  sometimes  car 
ried  to  a  ridiculous  excess  can  hardly  be  questioned ;  as, 
for  instance,  in  the  eulogy  of  David  Hume,  the  historian, 
who,  in  his  Four  Dissertations  addressed  to  Home,  com 
pliments  him  as  the  possessor  of 

"The  true  theatric  genius  of  Sbakspeare  and  Otway;  refined 
from  the  unhappy  barbarism  of  the  one  and  licentiousness  of  the 
other." 

Here  doubtless  the  Scotsman  speaks  as  well  as  the  critic, 
and  patriotic  enthusiasm  must  not  surprise  us  when  warmed 
with  a  theme  so  congenial  and  so  flattering :  , 

"The  genius  of  Home  was  national;  and  so,  too,  was  the  subject 
of  his  justly  famous  Tragedy  of  Peuglas.  He  had  studied  the  old 
Ballads;  their  simplicities  were  sweet  to  him  as  wall-flowers  on 
ruins.  On  the  story  of  Gill  Moricc,  who  was  an  Earl's  son,  he 
founded  the  Tragedy  which  surely  no  Scottish  eyes  ever  witnessed 
without  tears." — JOHN  WILSON  :  Recreations  of  Christopher  North : 
An  Hour's  Talk  about  Poetry. 

"  I  think  nobody  can  bestow  too  much  praise  on  Douglas.  There 
has  been  no  English  tragedy  worthy  of  the  name  since  it  ap 
peared." — Ibid. :  Noctes  Ambrosiance,  April,  1822. 

Whilst  this  perhaps  appears  somewhat  extravagant,  yet 
one  of  the  best  parts  of  this  play  is  commended  by  two 
eminent  modern  critics  in  terms  quite  as  eulogistic : 

"We  agree  with  Mr.  Mackenzie,  that  the  chief  scene  between 
Lady  Randolph  and  Old  Norval,  in  which  the  preservation  and 
existence  of  Douglas  is  discovered,  has  no  equal  in  modern,  and 
scarcely  a  superior  in  the  ancient,  drama.  It  is  certainly  one  of 
the  most  effective  which  the  English  stage  has  to  boast;  and  we 
learn  with  pleasure,  but  without  surprise,  that,  though  many  other 
parts  of  the  play  were  altered  before  its  representation,  we  have 
this  master-piece  exactly  as  it  was  thrown  off  in  the  original  sketch. 
'  Thus  it  is,'  says  the  accomplished  editor, '  that  the  fervid  creation 
of  genius  and  fancy  strikes  out  what  is  so  excellent  as  well  as 
vivid  as  not  to  admit  of  amendment,  and  which,  indeed,  correc 
tion  would  spoil  instead  of  improving.'  This  is  the  true  inspira 
tion  of  the  poet,  which  gives  to  criticism,  instead  of  borrowing 
from  it,  its  model  and  rule,  and  which,  it  is  possible,  in  some  diffi 
dent  authors,  the  terrors  of  critics  may  have  weakened  or  extin 
guished. 

'•  The  memory  of  Mr.  Home,  as  an  author,  depends,  in  England, 
almost  entirely  upon  the  tragedy  of  Douglas,  which  not  only  re 
tains  the  most  indisputable  possession  of  the  stage,  but  produces 
a  stronger  effect  on  the  feelings  of  the  audience,  when  the  parts  of 
Douglas  and  Lady  Randolph  are  well  filled,  than  almost  any  tra 
gedy  since  the  days  of  Otway.  .  .  .  The  language  of  the  piece  is 
beautiful.  '  Mrs.Siddons  told  me,'  says  the  editor,  [Mr.  Mackenzie,] 
« that  she  never  found  any  study'  (which,  in  the  technical  language 
of  the  stage,  means  the  getting  verses  by  heart)  '  so  easy  as  that 
of  Douglas,  which  is  one  of  the  best  criterions  of  excellence  in  the 
dramatic  style.' "— SIR  WALTER  SCOTT  :  Life  and  Works  of  John 
Some,  ubi  supra.  ( 

Home's  History  of  the  Rebellion  in  1745 — to  which  we 
promised  to  return — gave  great  dissatisfaction^  not  only 
as  regarded  its  literary  character,  but  in  its  deficiency  in 
historical  accuracy : 

"  Since  Mr.  Home  did  assume  the  pen  on  the  subject  of  the 
Forty-five,  no  consideration  whatever  ought  to  have  made  him 
depart  from  the  truth,  or  shrink  from  exposing  the  cruelties 
practised,  as  Mr.  Mackenzie  delicately  expresses  it,  by  some  sub 
ordinate  officers,  or  from  execrating  the  impolitic  and  ungenerous 
use  of  the  victory  of  Culloden  in  which  the  Duke  of  Cumberland 
was  somewhat  implicated.  Mr.  Home  ought  either  never  to  have 
written  his  history,  or  to  have  written  it  without  clogging  him 
self  with  the  dedication  to  the  sovereign.  .  .  .  The  disappointed 
public  of  Scotland,  to  which  the  history  should  have  been  most 
interesting,  was  clamorous  in  its  disapprobation.  They  complained 
of  suppressed  information  and  servile  corrections.  .  .  .  The  history 
is,  nevertheless,  so  far  as  it  goes,  a  fair  and  candid  one  for  the 
writer,  though,  by  the  manner  in  which  he  had  fettered  himself, 
he  was  debarred  from  speaking  the  whole  truth,  yet  was  incapable 
of  speaking  any  thing  but  the  truth." — SIR  WALTER  SCOTT  :  ubi 
supra. 

"Any  account  of  that  brilliant  episode  in  our  history  must 
needs  be  full  of  interest,  and  Home,  being  concerned  so  far  him 
self,  has  preserved  a  number  of  picturesque  enough  anecdotes; 
but,  on  the  whole,  the  book  wants  vigour,  and  it  is  full  of  quiz- 
zibles.  What  can  be  more  absurd  than  his  giving  us  more  pages 
about  the  escape  of  two  or  three  Whig  students  of  Divinity  from 
the  Castle  of  Doune  than  he  spends  upon  all  the  wild  wanderings 


of  the  unfortunate  Chevalier?"— JOHN  WILSON:    Nodes  Ambro 
siance.  April,  1822. 

Yet  Home's  History  must  by  no  means  be  neglected  by 
the  historical  student: 

"The  work  of  Home  was  not  entirely  such  as  we  might  have 
expected  from  one  who  was  not  only  an  actor  in  the  scene,  but 
the  author  of  a  tragedy  like  Douglas,  elegant  enough  to  have 
pleased  on  the  French  stage,  and  yet  affecting  enough  to  succeed 
on  ours.  The  History  of  the  Rebellion  was  a  work  which  had 
been  meditated  so  long,  that  it  was  delivered  to  the  world  too 
late, — when  the  writer  was  no  longer  what  he  once  was.  But  I 
recommend  it  to  your  perusal,  because  it  has  all  the  marks  of 
authenticity, — possesses,  I  think,  more  merit  than  is  generally 
supposed. — treats  of  a  very  remarkable  event  in  our  history, — and 
is,  after  all,  entertaining,  and  not  long." — Prof.  Smyth's  Lects.  on 
Mod.  Hist. 

In  addition  to  authorities  above  cited,  see  Biog.  Dramat. ; 
Boswell's  Life  of  Johnson ;  Stewart's  Life  of  Robertson. 

Home,  John.  The  Unfortunate  Englishmen ;  or,  A 
Narrative  of  John  Cockburn,  Ac.,  Leith,  1817,  8vo. 

Home,  Robert.     Surgical  con.  to  Phil.  Trans.,  1758. 

Home,  Robert.  Efficacy  of  Solvents,  &c.,  Lon., 
1783,  8vo. 

Homer,  Rev.  Henry,  1752-1791,  an  eminent  clas 
sical  scholar,  educated  at  and  Fellow  of  Emanuel  College, 
Cambridge,  pub.  an  Essay  upon  the  Inclosure  of  Common 
Fields,  Lon.,  1766,  Svo;  an  Inquiry  rel.  to  Public  Roads, 
Oxf.,  1767,  8vo  ;  and  edited  several  Latin  authors,  the 
best-known  of  which  is  the  Entire  Works  of  Horace,  Lon., 
1792,  2  vols.  4to, — the  joint  production  of  Mr.  Homer  and 
Dr.  Combe;  pub.  at  £6  6«.  This  beautiful  work  has  been 
already  noticed :  see  COMBE,  CHARLES,  M.D. ;  Dibdin's 
Greek  and  Latin  Classics ;  Chalmers's  Biog.  Diet. ;  Lon. 
Gent.  Mag.,  vols.  Ixxvi.,  Ixxx. ;  Brit.  Critic,  vol.  iii.  j  Dr. 
Parr's  Remarks  on  the  Statement  of  Dr.  Charles  Combe, 
1795,  8vo. 

The  text  of  Combe  and  Homes's  ed.  of  Horace  is  formed 
on  the  basis  of  Gesner's  ed.,  and  the  work  is  enriched  by  a 
collation  of  the  editio  princepa  in  the  Royal  Library,  and 
seven  Harleian  MSS.  The  notes  are  taken  principally 
from  Cruquius,  Lambinus,  Torrentius,  Sanadon,  Bentley, 
Cunningham,  Baxter,  Gesner,  Klotzius,  Janus,  Waddelus, 
Wakefield,  <fcc.  As  regards  the  physique  of  the  work,  it 
is  to  be  commended  for  the  brightness  of  the  paper,  the 
amplitude  of  the  margin,  and  the  beauty  of  the  type. 

Homer,  Rev.  Philip  Brucebrige.  Anthologia; 
or,  A  Collection  of  Flowers,  in  blank  verse,  Lon.,  1789,  4to. 

Homer,  Wm.,  perhaps  fictitious.  Old  Englishman's 
Letters  for  the  Poor  of  Old  England,  Lon.,  1758,  8vo. 

Homes,  or  Holmes,  Nathaniel,  D.D.,  a  Fifth- 
Monarchy  divine,  ejected  from  the  living  of  St.  Mary 
Staining,  London,  for  Non-conformity,  1662,  d.  1679,  pub. 
a  number  of  theological  works,  of  which  the  best-known 
is  The  Resurrection  Revealed,  Lon.,  1654,  fol.  This  bears 
the  imprimatur  of  Joseph  Caryl,  and  a  commendatory 
Preface  by  Peter  Sterry.  In  1661,  fol.,  Holmes  pub.  Ten 
Excercitations  in  Vindication  of  the  Resurrection  Re 
vealed.  A  new  ed.  of  these  vols.,  compressed  into  one, 
with  the  repetitious  and  extraneous  matter  omitted,  edited 
by  the  Rev.  J.  W.  Brooks,  was  pub.  in  1833,  Svo.  Thomas 
Hall  pub.  a  Confutation  of  the  Millenarian  Opinion,  in 
reply  to  Dr.  Holmes,  in  1657,  12mo.  Sixteen  of  Holmes's 
theolog.  treatises  were  pub.  in  a  fol.  vol.  in  1652,  and  the 
same,  with  a  new  title,  in  1669.  See  Athen.  Oxon.  for  an 
account  of  this  author  and  his  works.  Holmes's  work  on 
the  Resurrection  is  by  no  means  to  be  neglected  by  the 
Biblical  student.  We  have  seen  that  he  advocates  the 
doctrine  of  an  earthly  millennium. 

"  This  is  far  from  being  a  contemptible  book,  though  the  author 
ranked  among  the  visionaries  of  his  time.  .  .  .  The  learning  of 
the  author  was  evidently  extensive,  and  his  knowledge  of  the 
Scriptures,  particularly  of  the  prophecies,  very  considerable.  A 
great  deal  of  discussion  respecting  the  meaning  of  many  difficult 
passages  occurs  in  the  book,  which  will  sometimes,  perhaps, 
amuse,  but  may  very  often  instruct,  the  reader.  He  is  far  from 
being  so  carnal  in  his  views  as  his  leading  sentiment  would  pre 
pare  us  to  expect." — Orme's  Bibl.  Bib. 

"The  manner  of  handling  this  subject  in  this  book  appears  to 
be  with  piety,  judgment,  and  variety :  it  is,  In  one,  a  well-grown 
orchard  and  a  nursery  of  truths."— PETER  STERRY. 

'•  I  conceive  that  the  church  of  God  hath  not  hitherto  seen  this 
great  point  so  clearly  stated,  so  largely  discussed,  so  strongly  con 
firmed,  not  only  by  the  testimony  of  ancient  and  modern  writers 
of  all  sorts,  but  by  the  Holy  Scriptures  throughout,  as  is  presented 
in  this  book."— JOSEPH  CAIIYL  :  Author  of  the  Expos,  on  Job. 

Homes,  Wm»,  1663-1746,  minister  of  Martha's  Vine 
yard,  Mass.,  a  native  of  Ireland,  pub.  four  serins.,  1732, 
'47,  <tc.  See  Allen's  Amer.  Biog.  Diet. 

Honan,  M.  B.  1.  Court  and  Camp  of  Don  Carlos ;  a 
Tour,  Lon.,  p.  Svo. 

"  Mr.  Honan's  able  and  well-informed  work."— Blackw.  Mag.t 
xli.  576;  q.v. 

873 


HON 


HOO 


2.  Personal  Adventures  of  our  Own  Correspondent  in 
Italy,  1852,  2  vols.  p.  8vo. 

Hone,  Rev.  J.  F.  Comments  on  the  Epistles,  Oxf., 
1849,  fp.  8vo. 

Hone,  Richard,  Archdeacon  and  Hon.  Canon  of 
Worcester,  and  vicar  of  Hales-Owen,  Shropshire.  Lives 
of  Eminent  Christians,  Lon.,  1834-43,  4  vols.  fp.  8vo. 

Hone,  William,  d.  1842,  aged  63,  a  native  of  Bath, 
for  many  years  a  publisher  and  bookseller  in  London,  and 
latterly  an  Independent  minister  at  Weigh-house  Chapel, 
Eastcheap,  pub.  some  profane  parodies,  The  Apocryphal 
New  Testament,  and  a  number  of  other  works,  of  which 
the  Every-Day  Book,  1826,  The  Table-Book,  1827-28,  and 
The  Year-Book,  1829,  are  the  best  known.  His  Apocry- 

?hal  New  Testament  (for  an  account  of  which,  see  Home's 
otroduction  to  the  Study  of  the  Scriptures,  and  the  Lon. 
Quar.  Rev.,  vols.  xxv.  and  xxx.)  was  pub.  in  1820,  8voj 
2d  ed.,  1821,  8vo;  his  Ancient  Mysteries,  in  1823,  8vo ;  and 
his  own  account  of  his  Early  Life  and  Conversion,  in  1841, 
8vo.  Of  his  political  pieces,  which  were  numerous,  the 
Batire  entitled  The  Political  House  that  Jack  Built  was 
the  most  popular,  and  went  through  no  less  than  fifty  edits. 
He  also  edited  an  edit,  of  Strutt's  Sports  and  Pastimes. 
See  an  account  of  his  life  and  literary  labours  in  Lon. 
Gent.  Mag.,  January,  1843.  The  Every-Day  Book,  The 
Table-Book,  and  The  Year-Book,  of  which  there  have 
been  several  edits., — the  last  in  1857,  4  vols.  8vo,  730 
wood-cuts, — cannot  be  too  highly  commended.  Sir  Walter 
Scott,  Lamb, — who  contributed  some  of  the  contents, — 
Southey,  and  John  Wilson,  Horace  Smith  and  others,  all 
unite  in  their  praise : 

"  Reader,  did  you  ever  see  Hone's  Every-Day  Book  ?  You  can 
not  do  better  than  buy  it  directly You  will  meet  with  . .  . 

spirit-stirring  descriptions  of  old  customs,  delightful  wood-cuts  of 
old  buildings,  as  well  as  many  a  fine  secret  learned  among  the 
woods  and  fields,  and  whispered  by  the  '  seasons'  difference.'  ...  He 
has  deserved  well  of  the  naturalist,  the  antiquarian,  and  the  poet, 
by  his  Every-Day  and  also  by  his  Table-Book." — CHRISTOPHER 
NORTH  :  Blackwood's  Mag.,  xxvii.  259. 

"  By-the-by,  I  have  bought  Hone's  Every-Day  Book  and  his 
Table-Book,  and  am  sorry  I  had  not  seen  them  before  my  colloquies 
were  printed,  that  I  might  have  given  him  a  good  word  there.  I 
have  not  seen  any  miscellaneous  books  that  are  so  well  worth 
having;  brimful  of  curious  matter,  and  with  an  abundance  of  the 
very  best  wood-cuts."— ROBERT  SOUTHEY  :  Letter  to  Henry  Taylor : 
Soutfiey's  Life  and  Corresp. 

Mr.  Southey  remarks,  on  another  occasion  : 
"  I  may  take  the  opportunity  of  recommending  the  Every-Day 
Book  and  Table-Book  to  those  who  are  interested  in  the  preserva 
tion  of  our  national  and  local  customs :  by  these  very  curious  pub 
lications  their  compiler  has  rendered  good  service  in  an  important 
department  of  literature." 

"  These  Every-Day  and  Table-Books  will  be  a  treasure  a  hundred 
years  hence;  but  they  have  failed  to  make  Hone's  fortune. . . . 
"  I  like  you  and  your  book,  ingenious  Hone, 
In  whose  capacious,  all-embracing  leaves 
The  very  marrow  of  tradition's  shown, 

And  all  that  History— much  that  Fiction— weaves. 
« By  every  sort  of  taste  your  work  is  graced; 

Vast  stores  of  modern  anecdote  we  find, 
"With  good  old  story  quaintly  interlaced  : — 
The  theme  as  various  as  the  reader's  mind. 
"Dan  Phoebus  loves  your  book:  trust  me,  friend  Hone; 

The  title,  only  errs,  he  bids  me  say ; 
For,  while  such  art,  wit,  reading,  there  are  shown, 
He  swears,  'tis  not  a  work  of  every  day." 

CHARLES  LAMB. 

Honey  wood,  St.  John,  1765-1798,  a  native  of  Lei 
cester,  Mass.,  educated  at  Yale  College,  removed  to  Sche- 
nectady,  New  York,  in  1785,  and  taught  school  there  for 
two  years.  In  1787  he  commenced  the  study  of  the  law, 
in  Albany,  and,  on  being  admitted  to  the  bar,  removed  to 
Salem,  in  the  same  State,  where  he  remained  until  his 
death.  A  vol.  of  his  writings — chiefly  political  poems — 
•was  pub.  in  New  York,  in  1801,  under  the  editorial  super 
vision  of  the  gentleman  who  married  his  widow.  Speci 
mens  of  his  compositions,  which  are  thought  to  possess 
some  merit,  will  be  found  in  Griswold's  Poets  and  Poetry 
of  America,  and  in  Duyckincks'  Cyc.  of  Amer.  Lit. 

Honibalt,  Thomas.     Time  Calendar,  1815,  4to. 

Honyman,  Andrew,  Bishop  of  Orkney.  1.  Survey 
of  the  Libel  of  Naphtali,  Edin.,  1668,  2  Pts.  4to.  2.  Bou- 
rignonism  Displayed,  Aberd.,  1710,  8vo.  Anon. 

Honywood,  Sir  Robert,  Knt.  Trans,  of  Nauni's 
Hist,  of  the  Affairs  of  Europe,  Lon.,  1673,  fol. 

Hood,  Viscountess.  Sketches  of  Scripture  Female 
Character,  Oxf.,  1854,  fp.  8vo. 

Hood,  Catherine.    Poems,  Lon.,  1801,  12mo. 

Hood,  Charles.      Practical   Treatise   on  Warming 
Ventilation,  &c.,  Lon.,  1837,  8vo;  2d  ed.,  1844,  8vo;  3d 
ed.,  1855,  8vo. 
874 


Hood,  Edwin  Paxton,  has  pub.  a  number  of  works 
within  the  last  few  years,  of  which  the  last— just  issued — 
is  entitled  William  Wordsworth ;  a  Biography,  Lon.,  1856. 
See  Lon.  Athenseum,  Aug.  30,  1856,  p.  1085. 

Hood,  George.  Hist,  of  Music  in  New  England, 
Bost.,  1846, 18mo.  A  work  of  value,  containing  specimens 
of  the  writers  noticed. 

Hood,  John,  1720-1783,  a  land-surveyor,  a  native  of 
Moyle,  county  Donegal,  Ireland,  author  of  a  Treatise  on 
Land-Surveying,  with  Tables  of  Difference  of  Latitude 
and  Departure,  <fec.,  Dubl.,  1772 ;  also  inventor  of  a  sur 
veying  instrument  called  Hood's  Compass  Theodolite, 
which  is  the  basis  of  the  instrument  still  in  use  in  Europe 
and  America.  Before  the  announcement  of  the  discovery 
of  Hadley's  Quadrant,  he  had  formed  a  modern  instrument 
on  the  principle  of  Hadley's,  but  delayed  presenting  it  to 
the  public  until  anticipated  by  the  latter. 

Hood,  Nathaniel,  Lt.,  R.A.  1.  Elements  of  War, 
Lon.,  1803,  12rno.  2.  The  New  Military  Finance,  1804, 
12mo. 

Hood,  Peter,  Surgeon.  Observations  on  Diseases 
most  fatal  to  Children,  Lon.,  1845,  p.  8vo. 

"  We  believe  that  all  classes  of  the  profession  may  refer  to  this 
work  with  nearly  equal  advantage." — Lon.  Medical  Gazette. 

"  This  work  is  a  purely  practical  one,  and  the  whole  of  it  is  a 
valuable  contribution  to  our  knowledge." — Edin.  Medical  Gazette. 

Hood,  Robert.  1.  Serm.,  1781,  8vo.  2.  14  Serms., 
New  Castle,  1782,  8vo;  Lon.,  1783,  8vo. 

"  Plain,  sensible,  pious,  and  practical."— ion.  Month.  Rev. 

Hood,  Samuel.     Analytic  Physiology,  Lon.,  8vo. 

Hood,  Samuel,  a  grandson  of  John  Hood,  (ante,) 
and  also  a  native  of  Moyle,  county  Donegal,  Ireland,  emi 
grated  to  Philadelphia  in  1826,  and  became  a  member  of 
the  bar  of  that  city.  1.  A  Practical  Treatise  on  the  Law 
of  Decedents  in  Pennsylvania,  Phila.,  1847,  8vo,  pp.  596. 

"  The  work  is  prepared  with  great  care  and  ability.  No  Penn 
sylvania  lawyer  should  neglect  to  purchase  it :  it  contains  a  mass 
of  useful  knowledge  to  be  attained  nowhere  else." — JUDGE  ELLIS 
LEWIS,  Associate-Justice  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  Fenna. 

2.  A  Brief  Account  of  the  Society  of  the  Friendly  Sons 
of  St.  Patrick ;  prepared  for  the  Hibernian  Society  of  Phila., 
1844,  8vo.  Mr.  Hood  has  contributed  a  number  of  papers 
to  the  American  Quarterly  Review  and  other  periodicals. 

Hood,  Thomas,  pub.  a  number  of  works  on  the  Use 
of  the  Globes,  Astronomy,  Geometry,  Navigation,  Arith 
metic,  and  Mathemat.  Instruments,  Lon.,  1590-98. 

Hood,  Thomas,  1798-1845,  the  famous  humourist, 
has  given  so  graphic  a  portrait  of  himself  in  his  Literary 
Reminiscences,  pub.  in  Hood's  Own,  that  it  would  be  a 
dangerous  attempt  to  take  the  pencil  out  of  his  hands, 
Suffice  it  to  say  that  he  was  born  in  London,  and  a  son  of 
the  well-known  publisher  of  the  firm  of  Vernor  &  Hood, 
was  early  placed  "upon  lofty  stool  at  lofty  desk"  in  a 
merchant's  counting-house,  subsequently  became  an  ap 
prentice  at  the  engraving  business,  and  finally  adopted 
the  anxious  life  and  depended  upon  the  uncertain  gains 
of  a  London  man-of-letters  at  large.  In  1821  he  became 
sub-editor  of  the  London  Magazine,  was  subsequently  a 
contributor  to  Punch,  editor  of  the  New  Monthly  Maga 
zine,  and  for  one  year  editor  of  The  Gem. 

1.  Odes  and  Addresses  to  Great  People,  12mo.  Written 
in  conjunction  with  his  brother-in-law,  Mr.  J.H.Reynolds. 
2.  Whims  and  Oddities,  12mo.  New  ed.,  1854,  12mo. 
This  was  very  popular.  3.  National  Tales,  2  vols.  p.  8vo. 

"  SHEPHERD  :  '  What  for  did  ye  no  send  me  out  to  Altrive  Hood's 
National  Tales  ?  Yon  Whims  and  Oddities  of  his  were  maist  in 
genious  and  divertin'.  Are  the  National  Tales  gude?'  NORTH: 
'  Some  of  them  are  excellent,  and  few  are  without  the  impress  of 
originality.' " — Noctes  Ambrosiance,  April,  1827. 

Dr.  Mackenzie's  comment  on  the  above  is : 

"  Hood's  National  Tales  were  such  as  many  men  with  inferior 
ability  might  readily  have  written." — Ed.  Noctes  Amln-osiance,  N. 
York,  1855,  ii.  363. 

The  public  were  of  this  mind,  for  certainly  the  Tales 
were  never  popular.  Hood  was  not  in  his  vein.  4.  The 
Plea  of  the  Midsummer  Fairies;  and  other  Poems,  1828, 
p.  8vo.  The  first-named  of  these  is  the  longest  of  Hood's 
poems.  5.  The  Comic  Annual,  pub.  1830-42. 

"  For  the  thirteenth  time  the  master-spirit  of  modern  whim  and 
drollery  offereth  his  hand  to  the  public ;  and  never  surely  did 
Frolic  proffer  a  merry  greeting  to  his  million  friends  better  timed." 
— Lon.  AthencBum  ;  Notice  of  the  Comic  Annnalfor  1842. 

"  Hood's  Comic  Annual  contains  more  wit,  more  fun  and  hu 
mour,  than  any  work  that  has  been  published  for  many  a  long 
day." — Lon.  Post. 

Some  of  the  articles  in  the  Comic  Annuals  were  subse 
quently  reproduced,  and  pub.  with  the  additional  new 
matter,  as  Hood's  Own.  6.  Hood's  Own  Complete,  1839,  8vo. 
New  ed.,  1846,  8vo.  7.  Tylney  Hall;  a  Novel,  1834,  3 
vols.  New  eds.  in  1840  and  '49.  Neither  this  novel, 
nor  the  incomplete  tale  entitled  Our  Family,  added  any 


HOO 


HOO 


thing  to  Hood's  literary  reputation.  8.  Up  the  Rhine ;  2c 
ed.,  1840,  cr.  8vo.  This  is  a  satire  on  the  manners  of 
English  travellers.  9.  Whimsicalities:  a  Periodical  Ga 
thering,  1844,  fp.  8vo.  This  collection  contains  many 
articles  originally  pub.  in  the  New  Monthly  Magazine. 

"  In  this  work  are  some  of  Mr.  Hood's  best  efforts;  things  thai 
•will  make  the  thoughtful  wiser,  and  the  unthinking  merrier." 

10.  Hood's  Comic  Album,  in  Prose  and  Verse,1844,12mo 
11.  The  Dream,  of  Eugene  Aram.  New  ed.,  1845,  12mo 
This  graphic  poem — perhaps,  next  to  the  Song  of  the  Shirt, 
the  most  popular  of  Hood's  productions — originally  ap 
peared  in  the  Gem  for  1829.  12.  Poems;  2d  ed.,  1846,  fp 
8vo;  1851,  12mo;  5th  ed.,  1852,  12mo;  1854,  12mo.  13 
Poems  of  Wit  and  Humour,  1847, 12mo  ;  3d  ed.,  1851, 12mo 
1854,  12mo.  The  Song  of  the  Shirt,  which  has  elicited 
countless  imitations,  and  has,  we  trust,  somewhat  amelio 
rated  the  condition  of  a  most  deserving  class  of  operatives 
was  the  author's  latest  production  of  any  importance,  and 
originally  appeared  in  Punch  in  1844.  In  addition  to  the 
many  literary  labours  just  recorded,  we  must  not  forget  to 
notice  the  monthly  magazine  established  by  our  author, 
bearing  his  own  name, — Hood's  Comic  Miscellany.  Aboul 
a  year  before  his  death,  a  pension  of  £100  per  annum  was 
granted  by  Government  to  his  wife,  and  a  subscription  was 
raised  shortly  after  his  demise  for  the  benefit  of  his  widow 
and  his  two  children.  A  collective  ed.  of  Hood's  Choice 
Works,—!.  Prose  and  Verse;  2.  Up  the  Rhine;  3.  Whims 
and  Oddities  ;  4.  Poems ;  5.  Hood's  Own ;  6.  Whimsicali 
ties, — in  4  vols.  12mo,  (also  in  6  vols.  12mo,)  was  pub.  in 
1852,  in  New  York,  by  Messrs.  George  P.  Putnam  &  Co. 
In  1855,  Messrs.  Phillips,  Sampson  &  Co.,  of  Boston,  pub 
lished  a  volume  of  more  than  500  pages,  containing  "  all 
of  Hood's  poems  contained  in  Moxon's  collections  of  the 
author's  sentimental  and  humorous  verses,  with  several 
additions  from  other  sources.  It  was  the  most  complete 
collection  that  had  been  made  at  the  time  of  its  appear 
ance." 

This  collection  was  edited  by  Epes  Sargent;  and  in 
1856  the  same  gentleman  edited,  for  the  same  house, 
the  Humorous  Poems  of  Thomas  Hood ;  including  Love 
and  Lunacy,  Ballads,  Tales  and  Legends,  Odes  and  Ad 
dresses  to  Great  People,  and  Miscellaneous  Poems,  now 
first  collected.  This  vol.,  of  about  the  same  size  as  the 
first,  contains,  besides  other  matter,  many  of  Hood's  con 
tributions  to  the  London  Magazine  and  the  New  Monthly 
Magazine  during  his  editorial  connexion  with  these  pe 
riodicals.  An  edit,  of  Hood's  Poetical  Works  has  also 
been  pub.  by  Messrs.  Little,  Brown,  and  Co.,  of  Boston, 
in  2  vols.  ISmo,  and  several  of  his  separate  publications 
have  been  reprinted  in  America.  On  the  same  day  that 
this  article  was  prepared  for  the  printer,  (in  Oct.  1856,) 
Messrs.  Little,  Brown  &  Co.  pub.  two  more  vols.  of  The 
Poetical  Works  of  Thomas  Hood,  making  in  all  4  vols.  of 
their  edit.  We  append  their  advertisement : 

"This  is  the  largest  collection  of  Hood's  Poems  yet  offered  to 
the  public,  either  iu  England  or  America." 

We  have  but  small  space  for  quotations  of  opinions  in 
addition  to  those  already  cited  respecting  the  merits  of 
this  popular  author;  but  those  who  desire  to  read  more 
about  the  serio-comic  Hood  shall  not  be  disappointed. 
Consult,  then,  Hood's  Literary  Reminiscences  ;  Biography 
prefixed  to  Epes  Sargent's  Poetical  Works  of  Hood,  Bost., 
1855,  12mo;  Biography,  in  Lon.  Gent.  Mag.,  Ju]y,(  1845; 
Gilfillan's  Second  Gallery  of  Literary  Portraits ; '  Allan 
Cunningham's  Biog.  and  Crit.  Hist,  of  the  Lit.  of  the  Last 
Fifty  Years ;  Moir's  Poet.  Lit.  of  the  Past  Half-Century ; 
Whipple's  Essays  and  Reviews,  and  his  Lectures;  Edin. 
Rev.,  Ixxxiii.  375;  Westminster  Rev.,  xxxi.  119;  Lon. 
Month.  Rev.,  cxii.  431 ;  cxiv.  253 ;  Eclec.  Rev.,  4th  Ser., 
xix.  285 ;  Blackw.  Mag.,  xxi.  45,  487 ;  xxiv.  676  ;  xxvii. 
633;  xli.  172  ;  Dubl.  Univ.  Mag.,  xxvii.  563;  Lon.  Athe 
naeum  ;  Lon.  Literary  Gazette ;  Amer.  Whig  Rev.,  by  F.  W. 
Shelton,  iii.  481;  Knickerbocker,  by  F.  W.  Shelton,  xxxvi. 
131 ;  Knickerbocker,  xxx.  349 ;  N.  York  Eclec.  Mag.,  viii. 
289;  x.  496;  Boston  Living  Age,  i.  198;  ii.-  472;  v.  310; 
vi.  46,  116;  xii.  540;  Phila.  Museum,  x.  298. 

"  His  Dream  of  Eugene  Aram  places  him  high  among  the  bards 
who  deal  in  dark  and  fearful  things  and  intimate  rather  than  ex 
press  deeds  which  men  shudder  to  hear  named.  Some  other  of 
his  poems  have  much  tenderness,  and  a  sense  of  nature,  animate 
and  inanimate." — ALLAN  CUNNINGHAM  :  ubi  supra. 

"  Hood's  verse,  whether  serious  or  comic, — whether  serene  like 
a  cloudless  autumn  evening,  or  sparkling  with  puns  like  a  frosty 
January  midnight  with  stars, — was  ever  pregnant  with  materials 
for  thought.  .  .  .  Like  every  author  distinguished  for  true  comic 
humour,  there  was  a  deep  vein  of  melancholy  pathos  running 
through  his  mirth ;  and  even  when  his  sun  shone  brightly,  its 
light  seemed  often  reflected  as  if  only  over  the  rim  of  a  cloud. 
Well  may  we  say,  in  the  words  of  Tennyson,  '  Would  he  could 


.  recorded  of 

any  one — in  the  words  of  Hamlet  characterizing  Yorick — that 
'  he  was  a  fellow  of  infinite  jest,  of  most  excellent  fancy.'" — D.  M. 
MOIR  :  ubi  supra. 

Hood,  Thomas  Sutton.  A  Treatise  on  Gypsum 
as  a  manure,  &c.,  1805,  (or  1808,)  8vo. 

Hood,  W.  Charles,  M.D.,  Resident  Physician  at 
Bethlehem  Hospital,  London.  Suggestions  for  the  Future 
Provision  of  Criminal  Lunatics,  Lon.,  1854,  8vo. 

"  Dr.  Hood  has  written  an  interesting  book  upon  a  very  im 
portant  subject.  The  statistical  details  which  it  presents  are 
drawn  up  with  great  care  and  industry." — Lon.  Med.  Times  and 
Gazette. 

Hoofnail,  John.  Practical  Improvements  touching 
Colours,  Lon.,  1738,  8vo. 

Hook,  Major.  His  Defence  against  Capt.  Campbell's 
Action,  1793,  Lon.,  1793,  8vo. 

Hook,  Andrew,  M.D.  Prac.  of  Physic,  Lon.,  1734, 
8ro. 

Hook,  James,  1746-1 82 7,  a  native  of  Norwich,  organ 
ist  at  St.  George's  Chapel,  Windsor,  the  father  of  Dr. 
James  Hook  and  Theodore  Edward  Hook,  was  the  author 
of  more  than  140  musical  productions,  operas,  dramatic 
pieces,  &c.,  and  upwards  of  2000  songs. 

Hook,  Mrs.  James,  formerly  Miss  Madden,  wife 
of  the  preceding,  was  the  author  of  The  Double  Disguise, 
a  Musical  Entertainment,  Lon.,  1784,  8vo. 

Hook,  James,  LL.D.,  1771-1828,  eldest  son  of  the 
two  preceding,  and  brother  to  Theodore  Edward  Hook, 
was  educated  at  St.  Mary  Hall,  Oxford;  became  Arch 
deacon  of  Huntingdon  in  1814,  Dean  of  Worcester  in 
1825,  and  held  some  other  preferments.  1.  Jack  of  New- 
bury;  an  Opera,  1795.  2.  Diamond  Cut  Diamond;  a 
Musical  Entertainment,  1797.  Neither  of  these  were 
printed.  3.  Anguis  in  Herba;  a  true  Sketch  of  the  Ch. 
of  Eng.  and  her  Clergy,  Lon.,  1802,  8vo.  See  Lon.  Gent. 
Mag.,  72,  ii.  636-642.  4.  Serm.,  Ac.,  1812,  8vo.  5.  A 
Charge,  1816,  4to.  6.  Serm.,  1818.  See  Lon.  Gent.  Mag., 
79,  ii.  234.  7.  Pen  Owen;  a  Novel,  Edin.,  1822.  8.  Percy 
Mallory ;  a  Novel,  1823.  These  novels,  pub.  anonymously, 
are  not  without  merit.  A  biographical  sketch  of  Dr.  Hook 
will  be  found  in  Lon.  Gent.  Mag.,  April,  1828. 

Hook,  Sarah  Ann.  1.  The  Widowed  Bride,  or 
Celina;  a  Novel,  1802,  3  vols.  12mo.  2.  Secret  Machina 
tions  ;  a  Novel,  1804,  4  vols.  12mo. 

Hook,  Theodore  Edward,  1788-1841,  a  native  of 
London,  was  the  son  of  James  Hook,  the  musical  com 
poser,  and  a  brother  of  Dr.  James  Hook,  Dean  of  Wor 
cester,  both  of  whom  have  already  come  under  our  notice. 
Theodore  was  sent  to  Harrow  to  be  educated,  and  had 
there  for  his  school-fellows  Sir  Robert  Peel  and  Lord 
Byron,  with  whom,  however,  he  does  not  seem  at  that 
time  to  have  formed  any  acquaintance.  He  had  already 
commenced  authorship ;  for  before  his  admission  to  Har 
row,  and  whilst  at  school  in  Cambridgeshire,  (being  then 
thirteen  years  of  age,)  he  wrote  a  piece  for  the  stage.  The 
early  evidence  of  talent  was  accompanied  by  indications 
of  an  extraordinary  genius  for  music  and  great  facility 
in  the  composition  of  ballads ;  and  his  father,  whose  pro 
fession  enabled  him  to  make  a  profitable  use  of  his  son's 
varied  accomplishments,  was  early  persuaded  to  let  him 
remain  at  home  as  a  junior  partner  in  his  business.  In 
1805,  Theodore  made  his  debut  as  a  dramatic  author  in 
the  Comic  Opera  of  The  Soldier's  Return,  and  his  success 
was  complete.  This  triumph  was  succeeded  by  one  still 
more  decided,  if  possible,  in  the  next  year,  when  Liston 
and  Mathews  both  figured,  to  the  unbounded  delight  of 
the  public,  in  the  boy-author's  musical  farce  of  Catch 
Him  who  Can.  Young  Theodore,  now  the  favourite  of 
the  town  and  the  darling  of  the  Green  Room,  was  in  that 
dangerous  position  which  had  been  foreseen  by  his  brother, 
the  worthy  clergyman,  who  a  short  time  previously  had 
almost  by  force  carried  him  to  Oxford,  had  him  entered  as 
a  student,  and  in  vain  looked  for  his  arrival  when  the 
period  had  arrived  for  the  commencement  of  his  collegiate 
course.  For  a  graphic  account  of  this  portion  of  Hook's 
life,  and  his  subsequent  experience,  we  must  refer  the 
reader  to  his  autobiographical  novel  of  Gilbert  Gurney  ; 
the  Rev.  Mr.  Barham's  Life  and  Remains  of  Theodore 
Hook,  1849,  2  vols.  p.  8vo ;  5th  ed.,  1853,  fp.  8vo;  to  J.  G. 
Lockhart's  article — "Theodore  Hook" — in  Lon.Quar.Rev., 
Ixxii.  53-108,  reprinted  separately  in  Murray's  Reading 
for  the  Rail,  3d  ed.,  1852,  fp.  8vo;  and  to  the  authorities 
cited  below.  And  now  we  behold  Theodore  fairly  launched 
upon  the  great  sea  of  London  life  in  the  various  capacities 
of  author,  musician,  singer,  man  of  fashion,  and  inex- 
aaustible  inventor  of  practical  jokes.  Of  the  last,  it  may 
)e  sufficient  to  glance  at  that  of  the  extempore  surveyors, 


HOO 


IIOO 


and  the  famous  Berners-Street  Hoax  in  1809.  But  it  was 
as  an  improvisatore  that  Hook  shone  in  all  bis  glory, 
and  without  fear  of  a  rival.  Mrs.  Mathews  has  so  graphi 
cally  described  his  marvellous  powers  in  this  line,  that 
we  cannot  do  better  than  transcribe  her  account  of  a  re 
markable  scene  which  took  place  on  the  occasion  of  a 
dinner  given  by  the  Drury  Lane  Company  to  their  pro 
prietor,  the  brilliant  but  improvident  Sheridan  : 

"  In  the  course  of  it  many  persons  sung,  and  Mr.  Hook,  being 
in  turn  solicited,  displayed,  to  the  delight  and  surprise  of  all  pre 
sent,  his  wondrous  talent  in  extemporaneous  singing.  The  com 
pany  was  numerous,  and  generally  strangers  to  Mr.  Hook;  but, 
without  a  moment's  premeditation,  he  composed  a  verse  upon 
every  person  in  the  room,  full  of  the  most  pointed  wit,  and  with 
the  truest  rhymes,  unhesitatingly  gathering  into  his  subject,  as 
he  rapidly  proceeded,  in  addition  to  what  had  passed  during  the 
dinner,  every  trivial  incident  of  the  moment.  Every  action  was 
turned  to  account;  every  circumstance — the  look,  the  gesture,  or 
any  other  incidental  effects — served  as  occasion  for  more  wit;  and 
even  the  singer's  ignorance  of  the  names  and  condition  of  many 
of  the  party  seemed  to  give  greater  facility  to  his  brilliant  hits 
than  even  acquaintance  with  them  might  have  furnished.  Mr. 
Sheridan  was  astonished  at  his  extraordinary  faculty,  and  de 
clared  that  he  could  not  have  imagined  such  power  possible,  had 
he  not  witnessed  it.  No  description,  he  said,  could  have  con 
vinced  him  of  so  peculiar  an  instance  of  genius;  and  he  protested 
he  should  not  have  believed  it  to  be  an  unstudied  effort,  had  he 
not  seen  proof  that  no  anticipation  could  have  been  formed  of 
what  might  arise  to  furnish  matter  and  opportunities  for  the  ex 
ercise  of  this  rare  talent." — Lift  of  Charles  Mathews. 

It  is  probable  that  it  is  to  this  occurrence  that  the  au 
thor  of  the  biography  of  Hook,  in  the  Gentleman's  Maga 
zine,  alludes,  when  he  tells  us 

"  We  remember  once  to  have  heard  Mr.  Hook  sing  a  song  upon 
a  company  of  sixty  persons,  each  verse  containing  an  epigram. 
Sheridan  was  present,  and  expressed  his  opinion  that  it  was  one 
of  the  most  extraordinary  exertions  of  human  intellect  that  he 
had  ever  witnessed." 

Such  brilliant  powers  of  entertainment  were  quite  as 
well  calculated  to  win  the  substantial  favour  of  "  the  first 
gentleman  of  his  age"  as  more  solid  recommendations 
would  have  been ;  and  we  need  not  therefore  be  surprised 
that,  through  the  patronage  of  the  Regent,  the  sparkling 
wit  and  irresistible  punster  was  in  1812  appointed  to  the 
dignified  office  of  Accomptant-General  and  Treasurer  to 
the  Colony  of  the  Mauritius,  worth  some  £2000  per  annum. 
Hook  seems  to  have  passed  his  time  for  five  years  very 
pleasantly  in  his  new  home,  "  drinking  his  wine  and 
munching  his  fruit"  during  the  day,  and  passing  every 
evening  at  the  balls,  in  which  the  gay  society  of  the  place 
indulged  to  their  hearts'  content.  But  a  melancholy  page 
in  his  history  was  now  close  at  hand.  In  1818  his  ac 
counts  were  examined,  and  a  defalcation  discovered  of 
(as  was  first  alleged)  about  £20,000,  but  which  was  subse 
quently  (in  1823)  reported  by  the  Audit  Board  to  be 
£12,000.  The  unhappy  treasurer  was  suddenly  dragged 
from  supper-table  to  prison,  and  shortly  afterwards  sent 
home — on  account  of  "something  wrong  in  the  chest,"  he 
told  an  inquiring  friend,  ignorant  of  the  true  state  of 
affairs — to  London,  under  charge  of  a  military  guard.  We 
have  no  time  nor  space  to  linger  over  the  details  of  this 
unpleasant  episode  in  Hook's  life;  but  we  suppose  it  to 
be  now  generally  agreed  that  his  only  culpability — a 
serious  one,  to-be-sure — in  this  unfortunate  affair  was  his 
lack  of  attention  to  his  official  duties.  If,  as  we  are  as- 
cured,  "during  the  five  years  that  he  remained  on  the 
island,  Hook  never  visited  his  office,  for  the  purpose  of 
business,  five  times,"  we  can  readily  believe  that  his  sub 
ordinates  paid  more  regard  to  the  large  cash  receipts  of 
the  office ;  and  the  suicide  of  one  of  them — who,  it  is  true, 
had  first  called  attention  to  the  deficiency  in  the  fund — is 
calculated  to  relieve  the  character  of  the  Ex-Treasurer 
from  the  serious  charge  of  peculation.  Hook  reached 
home,  after  a  tedious  and  uncomfortable  passage  of  nearly 
nine  months,  in  January,  1819,  and  immediately  com 
menced  that  diligent  use  of  his  pen  which  enabled  him  to 
produce  more  new  volumes  than  there  remained  years  in 
the  balance  of  his  life.  Indeed,  from  1824  to  1841,  the 
year  of  his  death,  a  period  of  about  seventeen  years, — for 
about  two  of  which  he  was  imprisoned  under  Government 
arrest,— he  wrote  38  vols.,  besides  editing  the  John  Bull,  a 
weekly  newspaper,  and  (for  part  of  the  time)  The  New 
Monthly  Magazine.  Of  the  John  Bull,  commenced  Dec. 
16,  1820,  he  was  one  of  the  principal  founders ;  and  his 
share  in  the  stock  in  the  palmy  days  of  the  paper  brought 
him  in  no  less  than  £2000  per  annum,  in  addition  to  a  liberal 
salary.  His  income  for  a  number  of  years  was  probably 
not  less  than  £3000  per  annum.  But  his  improvidence 
led  him  into  continual  embarrassments,  which  made  him 
the  prey  of  the  most  harassing  anxieties.  As  the  con 
ductor  of  the  John  Bull,  he  distinguished  himself  by  bitter 
Invectives  against  Queen  Caroline  and  her  supporters,  and 
876 


by  an  enthusiastic  advocacy  of  High-Tory  principles.  He 
was  also  a  contributor,  in  early  life,  to  the  Satirist  Maga 
zine,  and  subsequently  to  Bentley's  Miscellany;  and,  in 
addition  to  the  many  works  which  he  actually  produced, 
promised  many  more,  and  prepared  materials  for  A  His 
tory  of  the  House  of  Hanover,  which  was  also  left  un 
finished.  Shortly  after  his  return  from  the  Mauritius, 
he  attempted  to  establish  a  minor  magazine,  called  The 
Arcadian;  but  it  only  survived  for  a  short  time.  He  was 
the  author  of  one  article  in  the  Quarterly  Review, — that 
on  Prince  Puckler-Muskau's  English  Tour,  in  vol.  xlvi., — 
and  probably  contributed  to  other  journals  not  here  named. 
Hook  was  a  mere  butterfly  of  fashion,  without  high  mo 
ral  principle,  and  apparently  without  any  appreciation  of 
the  duty  devolving  upon  all  to  labour  for  the  welfare  and 
improvement  of  the  race,  and  to  cultivate  the  mind  and 
discipline  the  heart  for  a  higher  sphere  than  that  to  be 
found  in  the  frivolities  of  the  ball-room  or  the  enchant 
ments  of  the  stage.  Hook  was  never  married.  He  left 
six  children,  who,  with  their  mother,  were  aided  by  a  sub 
scription  of  £3000  after  their  father's  death.  Of  his 
remarkable  literary  industry  for  a  period  of  almost  forty 
years,  the  following  list  of  his  works  affords  the  best 
illustration. 

l.The  Soldier's  Return ;  a  Comic  Opera,1805,8vo.  2.Catch 
Him  who  Can  ;  Musical  Farce,  1806.  3.  The  Invisible 
Girl;  Petite  Piece,  1806.  4.  Tekeli;  Melo-Drama,  1806. 
5.  The  Fortress;  Melo-Drama,  1807.  6.  Music-Mad; 
Dram.  Sketch.  7.  Siege  of  St.  Quintin;  Drama,  1807.  8. 
Killing  no  Murder;  Farce,  1809.  9.  Safe  and  Sound; 
Opera,  1809.  10.  The  Man  of  Sorrow,  1809,  3  vols.  This, 
his  first  novel,  was  a  failure.  See  Lon.  Month.  Rev.,  lix. 
320-321.  11.  Ass-ass-ination;  Serio-comic  Entertainment, 

1810.  Not  printed.     12.  The  Will,  or  The  Widow;  Dram. 
Trifle,  1810.     Not  printed.      13.  Trial  by  Jury;    Farce, 

1811.  14.  Darkness  Visible;    Farce,   1811.     15.  Pigeons 
and  Crows;  Com.,  1819.  16.  Exchange  no  Robbery;  Com., 
1820.     17.  Tentamen ;  or,  an   Essay  towards  the  History 
of  Whittington  and  his  Cat,  by  Dr.  Vicesimus  Blenkinsop, 
1820.     This  was  a  satire  on  Queen  Caroline  and  Alderman 
Wood.     18.  Peter  and  Paul ;    Drama,  1821.     19.  Sayings 
and  Doings.    First  Series,  1824,  3  vols.    20.  Second  Series, 
1825,  3  vols.      21.  Third  Series,  1828,  3  vols.      These  9 
vols.,  originally  pub.  at  £4  14*.  6rf.,  have  been  reprinted 
in  three  vols.  for   10».  6rf.      See  Blackw.  Mag.,  xv.  334; 
xvii.  224.     Hook's  biographer  in  the  Gent.  Mag.  says  that 
Colburn  agreed   to  pay  £600  for  the  First  Series,  and 
voluntarily  added  350   more,  making  £950  in  all.     But 
Mr.  Lockhart  says   (in  Lon.  Quar.  Rev.,  Ixxii.  88)   that 
Hook's  diary  represents  his  profits  on  the  First  Series  at 
£2000.     For  the  Second  Series  and  Third  Series  Hook 
received  from  Colburn   £1000   each.     22.  Reminiscences 
of  Michael  Kelly,  1826,  2  vols.     This  was  compiled  by 
Hook  from  Kelly's  "  rough  illiterate  materials."     It  was 
reviewed  by  Sir  Walter  Scott  in  the   Lon.  Quar.  Rev., 
xxxiv.  242-248.      23.  Maxwell,  1830,  3  vols. ;  considered 
the  best  of  Hook's  novels.     24.  The   Life  of  Sir  David 
Baird,  1832,  2  vols.     This  biography  greatly  pleased  Lady 
Baird,  who  presented  the  author  with  a  magnificent  dia 
mond  snuff-box,  presented  by  the  Pacha  of  Egypt  to  Sir 
David.     25.  The  Parson's  Daughter,   1833,  3  vols.     26. 
Jack  Brag,  1837,  3  vols.     27.  Births,  Deaths,  and  Mar 
riages,  1839,  3  vols.     This  work  paid  Hook  about  £600. 
30.  Love  and   Pride,  1833,  3  vols.     31.  Gilbert  Gurney, 
1835.     This  autobiography — it  almost  deserves  the  name 
— was  originally  contributed — as  was  the  sequel,  which  fol 
lows — to  the  New  Monthly  Magazine.  32.  Gurney  Married, 

1839.  This,  and  the  preceding,  (q.  v.,)  were  collected  into 
3  vols.     33.  Pascal  Bruno;    a  Sicilian  Story,  1837,1vol. 
34.  Cousin  Geoffrey,  the  Old  Bachelor,  1840,  3  vols.     35. 
Fathers  and  Sons,   1841,  3  vols.     Originally  contributed 
to  the  New  Monthly   Mag.     36.  Precept  and  Practice, 

1840,  3  vols.     Originally  contributed  to  the  New  Monthly 
Mag.     37.  Adventures  of  an  Actor;  or,  The  French  Stage 
and  French   People,  from  the  Journal  of  M.  Fleury ;  2d 
ed.,  1842,  2  yols  :  Edited  by  Hook.     38.  Peregrine  Bunce, 
1842,  3  vols.     Posthumous,  and,  as  Mr.  Lockhart  insists, 
(Quar.Rev.,  Ixxii.  53,  88,)  not  all  written  by  Hook.  Several 
of  his  novels  have  been  repub.  from  time  to  time,  and  a 
new  ed.  of  Maxwell — esteemed  the  best  of  all — has  been 
issued  within  the  last  two  weeks,  (September,  1856.)    For 
further  information  respecting  Hook  and  his  writings,  we 
refer  the  reader,  in  addition  to  the  authorities  cited  above, 
to  Allan  Cunningham's  Biog.  and  Crit.  Hist,  of  the  Lit. 
of  the  Last  Fifty  Years;    Moir's  Poet.  Lit.   of  the  Past 
Half-Century  ;  Madden's  Literary  Life  and  Corresp.  of  the 
Countess  of    Blessington ;     Bentley's    Miscellany,   Sept. 


HOO 

1841 ;  Lon.  Gent.  Mag.,  Oct.  1841 ;  Westminster  Rev.,  xv. 
155;  xxviii.  169;  Irish  Quar.  Rev.,  Sept.  1853;  Dubl. 
Univ.  Mag.,  xxxiii.  81 ;  Blackw.  Mag.,  xii.  708  ;  xiv.  237  ; 
xv.  90,  92;  xvii.  225;  xxiii.  400;  xxvi.  561;  xxx.  532; 
xxxviii.  298;  xli.  731.  Eraser's  Mag.,  ix.  436;  xxiv. 


518;    Lon.  Literary  Gazette;    Lon.  Athenaeum;    N.  York  The  Roman  H  **  judi  .ous  and  mas  eriy  writer  is 

IT,'      ,,          _    .    ,/nn  a  most  valuable  accession  to  the  stock  of  historical  learning.   The 


HOO 

1773  ;  ii.  1745;  iii.  1764;  iv.  1771.  Vols.  i.,  ii.,  and  iii. 
have  been  frequently  reprinted  in  4to;  1766,  9  vols.  8vo; 
1806,  11  vols.  8vo;  1818,  11  vols.  8vo;  1830,  6  vols.  8vo. 
This  work  should  be  read  as  an  introduction  to  Gibbon's 
History,  which  carries  on  the  narrative. 
"The  Koman  History  of  this  judicious  and  masterly  writer  is 


Eclec.  Mag.,  xvi.  399. 

"  It  would  not  be  easy  to  find  another  artist  with  ability  equal 
to  Hook's  for  discussing  the  good  and  evil,  the  passions  and 
aflecta lions,  the  fits  of  generosity  and  settled  systems  of  saving, 
the  self-sufficiency  and  the  deplorable  weakness,  the  light  and 
darkness,  the  virtue  and  the  vice,  of  this  prodigious  Babel.  The 
stories  which  he  tells  might  be  invented  with  little  outlay  of 


^^^^^^L^^^J^^^^^l^^.  \  wa» a  laborious  and  faithful^ompiler.    The  Jesuits  Catron  and 


execution  is  equal  throughout.  Mr.  Hooke  seems  to  have  pos 
sessed  in  a  very  eminent  degree  the  rare  talent  of  separating  the 
partisan  from  the  historian,  of  which  few  writers  are  capable,  aud 
of  comparing  contradictory  authorities  with  impartiality  and 
penetration.  He  does  not  appear  to  have  been  a  bigot  to  any 
principles  or  a  slave  to  any  authority." — Lon.  Month.  Rev. 

This  occupies  the  whole  ground  that  Livy  had  chosen.    He 


characters  which  live  aud  breathe  in  them  would  make  the  nar 
ratives  pleasing  though  they  were  as  crooked  as  the  walls  of 
Troy." — ALLAN  CUNNINGHAM  :  ulri  supra. 

''Doubtless,  his  wit  and  humour  were  apt  to  degenerate  into 
buffoonery,  his  pathos  into  sentimentality,  and  his  nature  into 
conventionalism  ;  but  his  knowledge  of  city  life,  in  its  manners, 
habits,  and  language,  seemed  intuitive,  and  has  been  surpassed 
only  by  Fielding  and  Dickens.  Many  and  multifarious,  however, 
as  are  his  volumes,  he  has  left  behind  him  no  great  creation, — 
nothing  that  can  be  pointed  to  as  a  triumphant  index  of  the  ex 
traordinary  powers  which  he  undoubtedly  possessed." — D.  M. 
Mom. :  ubi  supra. 

"  TICKLER. — '  Confound  haste  and  hurry !  What  else  can  account 


Rouille  far  exceeded  him.  for  they  compiled  a  Roman  ilistory  in 
21  vols.  4to,  which  is  the  most  extensive  Roman  History  extant.'' 
— CHANCELLOR  KENT. 

"  It  is  more  thorough  than  Ferguson's  history,  and  far  more 
faithful  than  that  of  Echard.  Goldsmith's  Rome  is  only  a  pleasant 
abridgment  of  it,  while  Arnold's  learned  and  valuable  work 
closes  with  the  Punic  wars." — Lawrence's  Lives  of  the  British 


Hook's  position  ?     Who  that  has  read 


gi 
ha 


and  Doings,  and,  above  all,  his  Maxwell,  can  doubt  that,  had  he 
en  himself  time  for  consideration  and  correction,  we  should 

ve  been  hailing  him  ere  now,  nem.  con.,  as  another  Smollett,  if 
not  another  Le  Sage  ?....' 

"NORTH.  —  '  I  agree  with  you;  and  I  sincerely  hope  this  novel- 
fan  provisa  tore  will  pause  ere  it  is  too  late,  and  attempt  something 
really  worthy  of  his  imagination.  But,  as  it  is,  such  is  the  rich 
ness  of  the  vis  comica  showered  over  these  careless  extravaganzas, 
that,  unless  he  himself  throws  them  into  the  shade  by  subsequent 
performances,  I  venture  to  say  they  have  a  better  chance  of  being 
remembered  a  hundred  years  hence  than  any  contemporary  pro 
ductions  of  their  class—  except  only  those  of  the  two  great  lights 
of  Scotland  and  Ireland  —  Jam  dudum  ad  scripta  Camoanis.'  "  — 
JOHN  WILSON  :  Noctes  Amlrosiance,  Sept.  1831. 

"  His  name  will  be  preserved.  His  political  songs  and  jeux- 
cTesprit,  when  the  hour  comes  for  collecting  them,  will  form  a 
volume  of  sterling  and  lasting  attraction  ;  and  after  many  clever 
romances  of  this  age  shall  have  sufficiently  occupied  public  atten 
tion,  and  sunk,  like  hundreds  of  former  generations,  into  utter 
oblivion,  there  are  tales  in  his  collection  which  will  be  read  with, 
we  venture  to  think,  even  a  greater  interest  than  they  commanded 


3.  Trans,  of  Ramsay's  Travels  of  Cyrus,  1739,  4to.     4. 
An  Account  of  the  Conduct  of  the  Dowager-Dutchess  of 
Marlborough,  from  her  first  coming  to  Court  to  the  year 
1710,  1742,  8vo.    For  this  work  the  duchess  rewarded  the 
'fi    author  »ith  £5000,  tat  soon  quarrelled  with  him,  on  ac- 


in  their  novelty. 


We  have  already  expressed   our  opinion, 


however,  that  Theodore  Hook's  ability  in  conversation  was  above 
what  he  ever  exemplified  in  his  writings.  We  have  seen  him  in 
company  with  very  many  of  the  most  eminent  men  of  his  time; 
and  we  never,  until  he  was  near  his  end,  carried  home  the  im 
pression  with  us  that  he  had  been  surpassed."— J.  G.  LOCKHART  : 
ubi  supra. 

Hook,  Walter  Farquhar,  D.D.,  Vicar  of  Leeds, 
Preb.  of  Lincoln,  and  Chaplain-in-Ordinary  to  the  Queen, 
is  a  son  of  Dr.  James  Hook,  Dean  of  Worcester,  and  a 
nephew  of  Theodore  Edward  Hook,  both  of  whom  have 
already  come  under  our  notice.  Dr.  Hook  is  noted  for  his 
untiring  energy  in  the  cause  of  church  extension,  and  is 
the  author  of  many  theological  publications,  of  which  the 
Church  Dictionary,  (7th  ed.,  1854,  8vo,)  Ecclesiastical 
Biography,  (vols.  i.-viii.,  1845-52,  12mo,)  Hear  the 
Church,  (28th  ed.,  1838,  8vo,)  a  Call  to  Union,  (4th  ed., 
1839,  Svo,)  and  the  Serms.  on  the  Miracles,  (1847-48, 
2  vols.  fp.  8vo,)  on  various  subjects,  (2d  ed.,  1844,  fp.  8vo,) 
and  those  delivered  before  the  Univ.  of  Oxford,  (3d  ed., 
1847, 12mo,)  are  among  the  best-known.  See  Men  of  the 
Time,  Lon.,  1856;  Church  of  Eng.  Quar.  Rev.;  Eclec. 
Rev.,  4th  Ser.,  xii.  502 ;  Eraser's  Mag.,  xix.  1. 

Hooke,  Colonel.  The  Secret  Hist,  of  Col.  Hooke's 
Negotiations  in  Scot,  in  favour  of  the  Pretender,  Lon., 
1760,  8vo. 

Hooke,  A»,  a  Professor.  Religionis  Naturalis  et 
Revelatee  Principia,  in  Usurn  Acad.  Juventutus,  1773,  3 


vols.  8vo. 
Hooke,  Andrew. 


1.  Bristolliana;  or,  Memoirs  of 


the  City  of  Bristol,  Lon.,  1748,  Svo.  2.  Dissert,  on  the 
Antiquity  of  Bristol,  Svo.  3.  Essay  on  the  National  Debt 
and  National  Capital,  1750,  Svo. 

"The  author  of  this  tract  endeavours  to  trace  and  exhibit  the 
increase  of  the  national  capital  from  1600  upwards;  but  it  is  need 
less  to  say  that  there  must  always  be  more  of  conjecture  than  of 
certainty  in  such  estimates." — JUcOulloch's  Lit.  of  Polit.  Econ. 

Hooke,  Benjamin.    Blow-Pipe;  Nic.  Jour.,  1803. 

Hooke,  Christopher.     Serm.,  <fcc.,  Lon.,  1590,  Ac. 

Hooke,  John.     Creed-Making,  Ac.,  Lon.,  1729,  Svo. 

Hooke,  Nathaniel,  d.  1763,  a  R.  Catholic,  of  whose 


count,  as  she  alleged,  of  his  efforts  to  convert  her  to  the 
Church  of  Rome.  Hooke  also  pub.  some  works  on  the 
Roman  Senate,  on  which  subject  he  bad  a  controversy 
with  Dr.  Conyers  Middleton.  See  Nichols's  Lit.  Anec.  ; 
Ruffhead's  Life  of  Pope;  Chesterfield's  Memoirs;  Bos- 
well's  Life  of  Johnson  ;  Disraeli's  Quarrels  of  Authors. 

"Hooke  was  a  virtuous  man,  as  his  history  shows."  —  DR.  JOHN 
SON  :  ubi  supra. 

Hooke,  Robert,  M.D.,  1635-1702,  an  eminent  ex 
perimental  philosopher,  a  native  of  Freshwater,  in  the 
Isle  of  Wight,  and  son  of  the  rector  of  that  place,  was 
educated  at  Christ  Church,  Oxford;  elected  in  January, 
1665,  Curator  of  Experiments  for  the  Royal  Society  for 
life  ;  and  in  March  of  the  same  year  succeeded  Dr.  Dacres 
as  Professor  of  Geometry  in  Gresham  College.  Hooke  was 
unquestionably  one  of  the  most  ingenious  philosophers 
whom  the  world  has  ever  seen,  and  perhaps  no  one  man 
ever  made  so  many  discoveries,  —  amounting,  with  the 
contrivances  for  illustrating  them,  to  some  hundreds. 
Among  those  which  he  claimed  —  for  with  respect  to  some 
the  priority  of  discovery  is  a  matter  of  dispute  —  are: 
1656.  Barometer  or  Weather-Glass  ;  1657.  A  scapement 
for  maintaining  the  vibration  of  a  pendulum;  and  subse 
quently  the  regulating  or  balance-spring  for  watches; 
1658.  The  Double-barrelled  air-pump  and  the  conical 
pendulum  ;  1660.  The  engine  for  cutting  clock  and  watch- 
wheels  ;  the  chief  phenomena  of  capillary  attraction  ;  the 
freezing  of  water  a  fixed  temperature;  1663.  The  method 
of  supplying  air  to  a  diving-bell  ;  the  number  of  vibra 
tions  made  by  a  musical  chord  ;  1665.  In  this  year  his 
Micrographia  was  pub.,  in  which  will  be  found  notices  of 
many  of  his  discoveries  on  respiration,  the  composition 
of  the  atmosphere,  and  the  nature  of  light;  1666.  A 
quadrant  by  reflection;  1667.  The  marine  barometer,  and 
the  gauge  for  sounding  unfathomable  depths  ;  1674.  Steam- 
engine  on  Newcomen's  principle;  1679.  That  the  air  was 
the  sole  source  of  heat  in  burning,  &c.  ;  1684.  The  applica 
tion  of  the  principle  of  the  Telegraph.  See  Encyc.  Brit.  ; 
Life,  by  Waller  ;  Biog.  Brit.  ;  Wood's  Gresham  Profes 
sors;  Athen.  Oxon.  ;  Hallam's  Lit.  Hist,  of  Europe; 
Bouvier's  Familiar  Astronomy.  In  1686,  on  the  publica 
tion  of  Newton's  Principia,  Hooke  (who  had  in  1671 
attacked  Newton's  New  Theory  of  Light  and  Colours) 
claimed  the  prior  discovery  of  the  principle  of  gravita 
tion,  or,  rather,  the  application  of  that  principle.  But 
Newton's  letters  to  Halley  settle  the  matter  in  favour  of 
the  writer.  Yet  great  credit  is  undoubtedly  due  to  Hooke. 
To  borrow  the  language  of  Professor  Playfair,  when  com 
menting  on  "the  length  to  which  Galileo  advanced  in 
this  direction,  and  the  point  at  which  he  stopped," 

"  Hooke  did  not  stop  short  in  the  same  unaccountable  manner, 
but  made  a  nearer  approach  to  the  truth  than  any  one  had  yet 
done."—  Third  Prelim.  Dissert,  to  Encyc.  Brit. 
In  the  words  of  a  learned  lady  of  our  day, 
"  The  idea  expressed  by  Kepler,  of  the  ebb  and  flow  of  the 
ocean  being  caused  by  the  attractive  influence  of  the  moon,  re 
ceived  in  1666  and  1674  a  fresh  impulse  and  a  more  extended  ap- 


5?  ft?  ESSf Ji!TSS2!  •"?!»!««  i  SS3B5R8ST  MB5S3 


for  his  excellent  Roman  .History,  and  as  the  friend  of 
Alexander  Pope,  who  brought  the  priest  to  his  death-bed, 
to  Bolingbroke's  great  disgust.  I.Trans,  of  the  Life  of 
Fenelon,  1723, 12mo.  2.  Roman  Hist.,  from  the  Building 
of  Rome  to  the  end  of  the  Commonwealth,  4  vols.  4to :  i. 


numerous  discoveries  in  science." — HannaJi  M.  Bouvier's  familiar 
Astronomy,  Phila.,  1857.  346. 

The  following  is  a'listof  the  works  of  this  distinguished 
philosopher.  1.  An  Attempt  to  Explain  the  Phenomena 
of  an  Experiment  of  Robert  Boyle,  Lon.,  1661,  Svo.  2. 


HOO 

Micrographia,  Lon.,  1665,  '71,  fol.;  Abridgt,  1780,  fol.;  | 
Micrographia  Bestituta,  1745,  fol.  3.  Animadversions  on  j 
the  first  part  of  Hevelius  his  machina  celestis,  1674,  4to.  j 
4.  Essays  on  Physical  Subjects,  1674-82,  4to.  5.  Attempt  : 
to  prove  the  Motion  of  the  Earth  from  Observations,  1674,  | 
4to.  6.  Descrip.  of  Helioscopes  and  other  Instruments 
made  by  himself,  1676,  4to.  7.  Lampas,  1677,  4to. 

"  Dr.  Hooke,  ....  who  had  a  particular  predilection  for  hypo 
thesis,  sketched  in  his  Micrographia  a  very  beautiful  theoretical 
explanation  of  combustion,  and  promised  to  develop  his  doctrine 
more  fully  in  a  subsequent  book ;  a  promise  which  he  never  ful 
filled,  though  in  his  Lampas,  published  about  twenty  [twelve] 
years  afterwards,  he  has  given  a  very  beautiful  explanation  of 
the  way  in  which  a  candle  burns."— HaUam's  Lit.  Hist,  of  Europe, 
ed.  1854;  iii.  580-581. 

8.  Letters  and  Collection  of  Letters  concerning  Comets, 
Microscopes,  Ac.,  1677,  4to;  1678,  fol.  9.  Lects.  de  Po- 
tentia  Bestitutiva;  or,  Of  Springs  :  explaining  the  Powers 
of  Springs,  1678,  4to.  10.  Philosophical  Collections,  Nos. 
1-7,  1678,  4to.  Pub.  during  a  period  in  which  the  Phil. 
Trans,  were  discontinued.  Hooke's  Nos.  are  always  con 
sidered  a  part  of  Phil.  Trans.  11.  Posthumous  Works, 
with  his  Life,  by  Bichard  Waller,  1705,  fol.  12.  Philos. 
Observ.  and  Experiments,  pub.  by  W.  Derham,  1726,  8vo. 
13.  Papers  on  subjects  of  astronomy  and  natural  philo 
sophy,  in  Phil.  Trans.,  1665-86.  And  see  Early  Develop 
ment  of  the  Antiphlogistian  Theory  of  Combustion,  in 
Nic.  Jour.,  1800. 

"  He  always  expressed  veneration  for  the  Deity,  as  may  be  seen 
in  a  great  many  passages  of  his  writings ;  and  seldom  received 
any  remarkable  benefit  from  God,  without  thankfully  acknow 
ledging  the  mercy ;  he  never  made  any  considerable  discovery  in 
nature,  invented  any  useful  contrivance,  or  found  out  any  diffi 
cult  problem,  without  setting  down  his  acknowledgment  to  God, 
as  many  places  in  his  diary  testified.  And  he  frequently  studied 
the  sacred  writings  in  the  originals." — Life,  by  Waller:  ubi  supra. 
Hooke,  William,  d.  1677,  aged  76,  minister  of  New 
Haven,  1644,  returned  to  England  in  1656,  and  became 
chaplain  to  Oliver  Cromwell.  New  England's  Teares  for 
Old  England's  Feares ;  a  Fast  Serm.  at  Taunton,  July  23, 
1640,  Lon.,  1641,  4to. 

Hooker,  Mrs.  A  Composition  for  Painting;  Nic. 
Jour.,  1808. 

Hooker,  Asahel,  1762-1813,  a  native  of  Bethlehem, 
Conn.,  and  minister  of  Norwich,  in  the  same  State,  a  de 
scendant  of  Thomas  Hooker,  (ante,)  pub.  five  occasional 
eerms.,  1805,  &c. 

Hooker,  Herman,  D.D.,  b.  1804,  at  Poultney,  But- 
land  county,  Vermont,  graduated  at  Middlebury  College 
in  1825,  studied  divinity  at  the  Presbyterian  Theological 
Seminary  in  Princeton,  and  subsequently  took  orders  in 
the  Episcopal  Church.  Obliged  by  ill  health  to  forbear 
the  use  of  his  voice  in  the  pulpit,  he  has  for  many  years 
been  widely  known  as  a  bookseller  in  Philadelphia,  where 
he  now  resides.  1.  The  Portion  of  the  Soul,  Phila.,  1835, 
32mo;  Lon.,  1836,  18mo. 

"  We  recommend  this  interesting  little  volume  for  the  hands 
of  those  who  feel  that '  void  of  heart  which  none  but  God  can  fill.' 
It  is  full  of  high  and  holy  thoughts,  given  with  much  mind,  cal 
culated  to  lead  the  minds  of  others  to  the  centre  of  rest." — Chris 
tian  Examiner,  June,  1836. 

2.  Popular  Infidelity,  Phila.,  1835,  12mo.     The  later 
edits,  bear  the  title  of  The  Philosophy  of  Unbelief  in 
Morals  and  Beligion,  &c.     In  the  words  of  a  critic, 

"  This  book  is  characterized  by  a  lucid  and  agreeable  style,  by 
profound  and  discriminating  thought,  and  by  great  strength  of 
moral  and  religious  feeling." 

3.  Family  Book  of  Devotion,  1836,  8vo.    4.  The  Uses 
of  Adversity,  and  the  Provisions  of  Consolation,  1846 
18mo. 

"I  can  desire  no  higher  satisfaction,  and  certainly  there  can  be 
no  truer  honour,  than  to  be  the  instrument  of  conveying  com  for 
to  the  bereaved  and  desponding,  and  causing  their  grief  to  assume 
the  aspect  and  direction  of  celestial  love."— Author's  Preface. 

5.  Thoughts  and  Maxims,  1847,  sq.  16mo.  6.  The  Chris 
tian  Life  a  Fight  of  Faith,  1848,  18mo.  Dr.  Hooker  ha 
also  contributed  a  number  of  articles  to  the  periodicals  of 
the  day. 

"  The  style  of  Dr.  Hooker  abounds  in  spontaneous  interest  ant 
unexpected  graces.  It  seems  to  result  immediately  from  his  cha 
racter,  and  to  be  an  inseparable  part  of  it.  ...  We  meet  at  time 
In  Dr.  Hooker's  writings  with  phrases  of  the  rarest  felicity,  and  o 
great  delicacy  and  expressiveness;  in  which  we  know  not  whethe 
most  to  admire  the  vigour  which  has  conceived  so  striking 
thought,  or  the  refinement  of  art  which  has  fixed  it  in  words  s 
beautifully  exact."— Griswold's  Prose  Writers  of  America. 

And  see  N.  York  International  Mag.,  v.  442-443. 

Hooker,  or  Vowell,  John,  M.P.,  1524?-1601,  . 
native  of  Exeter,  and  member  of  Parliament  for  that  city 
the  uncle  of  the  "Judicious  Hooker,"  has  already  com 
under  our  notice  as  the  coadjutor  of  Baphael  Holinshe 
in  the  compilation  of  his  Chronicles.  Hooker  also  wrot 
The  Order  and  Vsage  of  Keeping  of  the  Parlements  i 


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England,  1572?  4to;  The  Events  of  Comets,  Lon.,  1577, 
8vo;  Cat.  of  the  Bishops  of  Excester,  1584;  Offices,  etc. 
of  Everie  Officer  of  Excester,  1584,  4to ;  and  The  Antique 
Descrip.  and  Account  of  Exeter,  Exon.,  1765,  sm.  4to.  See 
Prince's  Worthies  of  Devon ;  A  then.  Oxon. ;  Ware's  Ire 
land,  by  Harris. 

Hooker,  John,  d.  1777,  aged  48,  minister  of  North 
ampton,  Mass.,  a  native  of  Farmington,  graduated  at  Yale 
College  in   1751,  was  a  descendant  of  Thomas  Hooker, 
ante.)     He  pub.  a  Serm.  at  the  Ordination  of  T.  Allen, 
ittsfield,  1764;  and  a  Funeral  Serm.  on  John  Hunt,  of 
Joston,  1776. 

Hooker,  Joseph  Dalton,  M.D.,  B.N.,  the  only  sur 
viving  son  of  Sir  Wm.  Jackson  Hooker,  and  an  eminent 
otanical  writer.     1.  Flora  Antarctica ;  or,  Botany  of  the 
ntarctic  Voyage  of  H.M.  Ships  Erebus  and  Terror,  1839- 
43,  under  Capt.  Sir  James  Clark  Boss,  B.N.,  Lon.,  1844- 
7,  2  vols.  4to,  £7  10s. ;  col'd,  £10  15s.     The  descriptions, 
otes,  and  illustrations  of  these  vols.  are  entitled  to  all 
raise.     Dr.  Hooker  was  Assistant-Surgeon  of  the  Erebus, 
and  Botanist  to  the  Expedition.     2.   Cryptogamia  Ant 
arctica,  (issued  separately,)  1847,  r.  4to,  £2  17«.;  col'd,  £4 
*.     3.  The  Bhododendrons  of  Sikkim-Himalaya ;   edited 
>y  Sir  W.  J.  Hooker,  D.C.L.,  1849-51,  imp.  fol.,  £3  lls.  ^ 
"  Of  the  species  of  Rhododendron  which  he  has  found  in  his 
dventurous  journey,  some  are  quite  unrivalled  in  magnificence 
f  appearance." — Lon.  Gardener's  Chronicle. 

4.  Flora  of  New  Zealand,  1852-54,  r.  4to,  £8;  col'd, 
£12  12s.     Introduc.  Essay,  pub.  separately,  4to,  at  2«. 

"  The  beautiful  execution  of  the  work  renders  it  a  library-book, 
pen  to  those  who  are  not  interested  about  natural  history."— 
,on.  Gardener's  Chronicle. 

5.  Himalayan  Journals,  with  Maps  and  Illustrations, 
854,  2  vols.  8vo,  £1  16s.;  2d  ed.,  1855,  2  vols.  8vo,  18*. 
.  Illustrations  of  Sikkim-Himalayan  Plants,  1855,  imp. 

8vo,  £5  5s.  7.  Flora  Tasmanica;  Pt.  1,  1855,  £1  lls  6d. 
Hooker, Richard,  1553?-!  600,was  a  native  of  Heavy- 
Tree,  near  Exeter.  His  good  conduct  and  quickness  in 
earning  whilst  at  the  grammar-school  of  Exeter  made 
him  a  great  favourite  with  his  tutor,  at  whose  instance 
young  Bichard's  uncle  presented  his  nephew  to  Bishop 
Jewel,  and  besought  him,  for 

"  Charity's  sake,  to  look  favourably  upon  a  poor  nephew  of  his, 
horn  nature  had  fitted  for  a  scholar,  but  the  estate  of  his  parents 
was  so  narrow  that  they  were  unable  to  give  him  the  advantage 
of  learning." 

He  therefore  expressed  the  hope  that  the  bishop  would 
"  Become  his  patron,  and  prevent  him  from  being  a  tradesman, 
for  he  was  a  boy  of  remarkable  hopes." 

The  good  bishop  sent  him  to  Oxford  and  placed  him 
under  charge  of  Dr.  John  Cole,  President  of  Corpus  Christi 
College,  who  appointed  him  a  tutor  and  Bible-clerk  of  the 
college.  He  now  enjoyed  the  advantage  of  the  instructions 
of  Dr.  John  Beynolds  for  four  years.  In  1577  he  was 
chosen  Fellow  of  his  college.  In  1579  he  received  the 
appointment  of  deputy-professor  of  Hebrew.  In  1581  he 
was  ordained ;  and,  according  to  the  college-statutes,  he 
was  immediately  appointed  to  preach  a  sermon  at  St. 
Paul's  Cross,  London.  He  lodged  at  a  dwelling  appro 
priated  to  the  preachers,  which  was  called  the  Shunamite's 
house.  Much  indisposed  by  the  fatigue  of  his  journey  to 
the  city,  he  was  so  grateful  for  the  kind  attentions  of  Mrs. 
Churchman,  who  had  charge  of  this  "house  of  the  pro 
phets,"  that  his  complaisance  got  the  better  of  his  judg 
ment.  Walton  tells  the  story  so  quaintly  that,  even  at 
the  risk  of  being  charged  with  countenancing  a  slander 
against  "  provident"  mothers,  we  must  quote  it : 

"  He  thought  himself  bound  in  conscience  to  believe  all  that 
she  said :  so  that  the  good  man  came  to  be  persuaded  by  her, '  That 
he  was  a  man  of  a  tender  constitution ;'  and  '  that  it  was  best  for  him 
to  have  a  wife  that  might  prove  a  nurse  to  him ;  such  an  one  as 
might  both  prolong  his  life  and  make  it  more  comfortable ;  and 
such  an  one  she  could  and  would  provide  for  him  if  he  thought  fit 
to  marry.'  And  he,  not  considering  that  the  children  of  this  world 
are  wiser  in  their  generation  than  the  children  of  light,  but,  like 
a  true  Nathaniel,  fearing  no  guile,  because  he  meant  none,  did  give 
her  such  a  power  as  Eleazer  was  trusted  with  (you  may  read  it  in 
the  book  of  Genesis)  when  he  was  sent  to  choose  a  wife  for  Isaac; 
for  even  so  he  trusted  her  to  choose  for  him ;  promising  upon  a 
fair  summons  to  return  to  London  and  accept  of  her  choice.  And 
he  did  so,  in  that  or  about  the  year  following.  Now,  the  wife  pro 
vided  for  him  was  her  daughter  Joan,  who  brought  him  neither 
beauty  nor  portion :  and  for  her  conditions,  they  were  too  like  that 
wife's  which  is  by  Solomon  compared  to  a  dripping  house." 

"  Which  A.  Wood  explains,  by  saying,  that  she  was  a  silly, 
clownish  woman,  and  withal  a  meer  Xantippe." 

What  a  proof  of  the  kindness  of  heart  of  good  Mrs. 
Churchman,  to  intrust  the  happiness  of  her  daughter  to 
the  young  divine !  So  anxious  was  she  to  promote  his 
comfort  and  prolong  what  promised  to  be  a  valuable  life, 
that  she  was  willing  to  submit  to  the  sacrifice,  and  deprive 
herself  of  the  society  of  her  dear  Joan  !  But  will  it  be 
believed  that  the  magnanimity  of  this  excellent  woman 


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has  been  questioned,  and  that  she  has  even  been  blamed 
as  a  "  managing  mother,"  for  thus  converting  Miss  Joan 
Churchman  into  Mrs.  Richard  Hooker  ?  So  uncharitable 
is  human  nature !  And,  from  some  modern  instances 
which  occasionally  occur  of  like  censure  of  mothers 
•whose  disinterestedness  is  not  appreciated,  it  would  seem 
that  detraction  was  not  confined  to  the  days  of  Mrs. 
Churchman.  If  his  wife  did  not  prove,  as  his  mother-in- 
law  promised  she  should,  a  "comfort"  to  him,  we  have 
evidence  that  he  bore  his  troubles  with  laudable  equa 
nimity.  Two  of  his  former  pupils,  Mr.  Edwin  Sandys 
and  Mr.  George  Cranmer,  paid  him  a  visit  at  bis  parsonage 
at  Drayton-Beauchamp,  in  Buckinghamshire,  of  which  he 
became  Rector  in  1584 ;  and  we  are  told  that 

"  They  found  him  with  a  book  in  his  hand,  (it  was  the  Odes  of 
Horace,)  he  being  then,  like  humble  and  innocent  Abel,  tending 
his  small  allotment  of  sheep  in  a  common  field;  which  he  told 
these  gentlemen  he  was  forced  to  do  then,  for  that  his  servant  was 
gone  home  to  dine  and  assist  his  wife  to  do  some  necessary  house 
hold  business.  But  when  his  servant  returned  and  released  him, 
his  two  pupils  attended  him  unto  his  house,  where  their  best  en 
tertainment  was  his  quiet  company,  which  was  presently  denied 
them;  for  Richard  was  called  to  rock  the  cradle:  and  the  rest  of 
their  welcome  was  so  like  this,  that  they  staid  but  till  next  morn 
ing,  which  was  time  enough  to  discover  and  pity  their  tutor's  con 
dition They  were  forced  to  leave  him  to  the  company  of  his 

•wife  Joan,  and  seek  themselves  a  quieter  lodging  for  the  next 
night.  But  at  their  parting  from  him,  Mr.  Cranmer  said,  '  Good 
Tutor,  I  am  sorry  your  lot  is  fallen  in  no  better  ground  as  to  your 
parsonage ;  and  more  sorry  your  wife  proves  not  a  more  comfort 
able  companion,  after  you  have  wearied  your  thoughts  in  your 
restless  studies.'  To  whom  the  good  man  replied, '  My  dear  George, 
if  saints  have  usually  a  double  share  in  the  miseries  of  this  life, 
I,  that  am  none,  ought  not  to  repine  at  what  my  wise  Creator  hath 
appointed  for  me;  but  labour  (as  indeed  I  do  daily)  to  submit  to 
his  will,  and  possess  my  soul  in  patience  and  peace.'" — Walton's 
Life  of  Hooker. 

Here  was  a  model  husband  indeed. 

To  this  visit  of  his  former  pupils  are  we  indebted  for 
that  immortal  production,  The  Laws  of  Ecclesiastical  Po 
lity.  Edwin  Sandys  urged  his  father,  then  Bishop  of 
London,  to  find  a  more  comfortable  post  for  his  quondam 
tutor.  This  led  to  his  appointment,  in  1585,  after  the 
death  of  "Father  Alvy,"  of  Master  of  the  Temple  for  life, 
being  then  in  his  33d  or  34th  year.  Hooker  was  the  morn 
ing  lecturer,  and  Mr.  Travers  held  forth  in  the  afternoon. 
The  latter  gentleman  followed  the  views  of  Cartwright, 
the  Puritan,  and  inclined  to  the  Presbyterian  side  in  dis 
cipline.  This  contrariety  of 'sentiment  led  to  an  amicable 
controversy  between  the  lecturers,  who  seem  to  have  en 
tertained  for  each  other  all  due  respect.  Thus,  it  was 
observed,  "  the  forenoon  sermon  spoke  Canterbury,  and 
the  afternoon  Geneva."  Archbishop  Whitgift  prohibited 
the  lectures  of  Mr.  Travers.  Travers  appealed  to  the 
queen,  but  in  vain;  he  then  published  his  memorial, 
which  was  answered  by  Hooker.  This  answer  may  be 
considered  the  germ  of  his  great  work,  Of  the  Laws  of 
Ecclesiastical  Polity.  He  commenced  his  work  in  the 
Temple ;  but,  finding  less  distraction  requisite,  he  solicited 
the  archbishop  to  permit  him  to  retire  to  some  more  quiet 
post.  Accordingly,  that  prelate  presented  him,  in  1591, 
to  the  rectory  of  Boscombe,  in  Wiltshire,  and  to  the  pre 
bend  of  Nether-Haven  in  the  Cathedral  of  Salisbury,  of 
which  he  was  also  made  sub-dean.  Four  books  of  his 
work  were  finished  at  Boscombe,  and  printed  in  1593,  fol.; 
again,  1594,  fol.  In  1595  Queen  Elizabeth  presented  him 
to  the  rectory  of  Bishopsbourne,  in  Kent,  where  he  Ijved 
the  rest  of  his  days.  Whilst  sailing  between  London  and 
Gravesend,  he  caught  a  cold  which  carried  him  off  at  the 
early  age  of  forty-seven.  He  died  the  death  of  the  right 
eous,  and  to  his  triumphant  soul  "  the  doors  of  Heaven 
seemed  to  open  so  wide"  that  he  was  enabled  to  catch  a 
view  of  that  ineffable  glory  which  surrounds  the  throne 
of  "  the  High  and  Lofty  One  who  inhabiteth  Eternity." 
Happy  are  they  who  have  the  good  report  of  the  members 
of  their  own  household  and  of  their  intimate  associates  ; 
for  they  have  the  best  opportunity  of  knowing  our  faults 
and  detecting  all  of  our  infirmities.  Our  excellent  author 
does  not  lack  this  weighty  attestation: 

"  My  master,  Hooker,  was  a  good  man  and  a  good  scholar." 

So  testifies  his  parish  clerk. 

The  5th  Book  of  his  Ecclesiastical  Polity  was  published 
in  1597,  fol.;  1632,  fol.;  the  7th  in  1617,  (according  to 
Biog.  Brit.,)  and  the  6th  and  8th  (the  conclusion)  in  1648, 
4to.  The  eight  books,  with  a  few  sermons  and  tracts,  pub 
lished  separately  in  1612-13,  and  a  Life  of  Hooker,  were 
pub.  in  Dr.  Gauden's  edition  of  his  works,  Lon.,  1662,  fol. ; 
2d  ed.,  1666,  fol.,  with  Life,  by  Walton.  It  is  contended, 
indeed,  that "  all  the  eight  books,  with  certain  tractates  and 
sermons,  together  with  the  author's  life,  were  published  in 
two  vols.  in  fol.,  1617."  See  Bliss's  Wood's  Athen.  Oxon., 


i.  697 ;  Biog.  Brit.  Other  edits,  of  Hooker's  Works,  in 
cluding  the  Ecclesiastical  Polity:  Lon.,  1676, '82,  1705, 
'19,  '23,  fol. ;  Dubl.,  1721,  fol.  The  ed.  of  1723  is  esteemed 
the  best  of  the  fol.  edits.  Oxf.,  1793,  1807,  '20,  each  in 
3  vols.  8vo.  Edited  by  Rev.  W.  S.  Dobson,  Lon.,  1825,  2 
vols.  8vo.  With  an  Introduc.,  Life  of  Thomas  Cartwright, 
and  many  notes,  [including  extracts  from  the  works  an 
swered  by  Hooker,]  by  B.  Hanbury,  an  Independent  Dis 
senter,  1830,  3  vols.  8vo.  Arranged  by  Rev.  John  Keble, 
Oxf.,  1836,  4  vols.  8vo;  2d  ed.,  1841,  3  vols.  8vo;  3d  ed., 
1845,  3  vols.  8vo.  Without  Keble's  Notes,  1845,  2  vols. 
8vo ;  1850,  2  vols.  8vo.  Keble's  edit,  is  the  best  of  all ;  but 
the  theologian  should  possess  both  Keble's  and  Hanbury's 
edit.,  on  the  good  old  principle,  audi  alterant  partem. 
Other  edits.,  Lon.,  1839,  2  vols.  8vo ;  1845,  8vo.  The  Ec 
clesiastical  Polity  has  been  pub.  separately, — sometimes 
with  an  Analysis,  Digest,  <fcc. ;  and  we  have  Abridgments 
of  and  Selections  from  the  Works  of  this  great  man,  for 
those  who  do  not  wish  to  purchase  the  whole.  For  titles 
of  his  separate  publications,  discussions  relative  to  the 
authenticity  of  the  6th,  7th,  and  8th  books,  as  published, 
and  for  further  information  respecting  the  author,  see  his 
Life  by  Walton,  Gauden,  &c. ;  Biog.  Brit. ;  Prince's  Wor 
thies  of  Devon ;  Watt's  Bibl.  Brit. ;  Lowndes's  Brit.  Lib., 
380,  599-600;  Keble's  ed.  of  his  Works;  authorities  sub 
joined. 

In  the  Laws  of  Ecclesiastical  Polity,  Hooker  pre 
sents  an  elaborate,  dignified,  and  learned  defence  of  the 
ministry,  ritual,  and  ceremonies  of  the  Church  of  England. 
Its  polemical  arguments  have  satisfied  many ;  its  literary 
merits  have  charmed  all.  Its  fame  having  reached  Rome, 
Cardinal  Allen  and  Dr.  Stapleton  recommended  it  so 
strongly  to  Clement  VIII.,  that  he  wished  to  have  it 
translated  into  Latin,  in  which  language  Stapleton  read 
to  him  the  1st  book,  declaring  that 

"  There  is  no  learning  that  this  man  hath  not  searched  into ; 
nothing  too  hard  for  his  understanding.  This  man  indeed  de 
serves  the  name  of  an  author.  His  books  will  get  reverence  by 
age ;  for  there  is  in  them  such  seeds  of  eternity,  that,  if  the  rest 
be  like  this,  they  shall  continue  till  the  last  fire  shall  devour  all 
learning." 

James  I.  remarked  to  Archbishop  Whitgift : 

"  I  have  received  more  satisfaction  in  reading  a  leaf  or  para 
graph  in  Mr.  Hooker,  though  it  were  but  about  the  fashion  of 
churches,  or  church  music,  or  the  like,  but  especially  of  the 
sacraments,  than  I  have  had  in  reading  large  treatises  written 
but  of  one  of  those  subjects  by  others,  though  very  learned 
men." 

"  Charles  I.  commended  the  five  books  then  extant  of  the  Polity 
to  his  dear  children  as  an  excellent  means  to  satisfie  private 
scruples,  and  settle  the  publique  peace  of  the  Church  and  King 
dom." 

Our  learned  author  seems  to  have  a  right  by  long  use 
to  the  title  of  "  The  Judicious  Hooker." 

"The  adamantine  and  imperishable  work  of  Hooker  is  his 
Ecclesiastical  Polity.  Bishop  Lowth;  in  the  preface  to  his  English 
Grammar,  has  bestowed  the  highest  praise  upon  the  purity  of 
Hooker's  style.  Bishop  Warburton,  in  his  book  on  the  Alliance 
between  the  Church  and  State,  often  quotes  him,  and  calls  him 
'  the  excellent,  the  admirable,  the  best  good  man  of  our  order.' " 
— DR.  PARR. 

"  Of  the  illustrious  Hooker — whose  memory  is  embalmed  in  the 
beautiful  biography  of  him  by  Isaac  Walton — it  is  sufficient  to 
say,  that  his  Ecclesiastical  Polity  is,  of  all  works  of  that  descrip 
tion,  one  of  the  most  masterly  and  convincing.  Never  was  logic 
more  successfully  employed  to  combat  error  and  establish  truth ; 
and  the  vein  of  common  sense,  as  well  as  of  spiritual  comfort, 
which  pervades  the  pages  of  that  work,  will  render  it,  to  the  latest 
posterity,  a  popular  as  well  as  instructive  performance." — DB. 
DIBDIN  :  Lib.  Oomp.,  ed.  1825,  '55,  '56. 

The  following  is  no  small  eulogy : 

"  Should  the  English  constitution  in  Church  and  State  be  un 
happily  ruined  by  some  convulsion  of  extraordinary  times,  this 
book  alone  probably  contains  materials  sufficient  for  repairing 
and  rebuilding  the  shattered  fabric." 

"  He  was  an  able  champion  for  the  ecclesiastical  hierarchy.  His 
work  displays  immense  learning,  reflection,  and  eloquence,  and  is 
still  referred  to  as  a  great  authority  upon  the  whole  range  of 
moral  and  political  principles.  .  .  .  The  Ecclesiastical  Polity  has 
furnished,  for  nearly  200  years,  an  invaluable  defence  of  the  clergy 
to  studious  men ;  but  we  want,  says  the  Rev.  E.  Bickersteth,  a 
popular  work  of  the  like  sound,  judicious,  and  evangelical  cha 
racter,  for  the  establishment  of  the  young,  and  laymen  in  gene 
ral.  .  .  .  Keble's  preface,  like  Walton's  life,  should  precede  every 
subsequent  edition.  Hooker  is  universally  distinguished  for 
long-drawn  melody  and  mellifluence  of  language,  and  his  works 
must  find  a  place  in  every  well-chosen  clerical  library.  His  elo 
quence  has  been  deservedly  praised;  but  the  justice  of  the  epithet 
'  Judicious,'  which  his  admirers  have  attached  to  his  name,  is 
rather  more  questionable.  Certainly  there  never  was  a  more 
thorough-going  advocate  of  things  established  than  he  has  shown 
himself  in  the  whole  Fifth  Book,  forming  more  than  a  third  part 
of  the  entire  Ecclesiastical  Polity."— Lowndes's  Brit.  Lib.,  380,  599. 

"  Hooker  was  not  permitted  to  occupy  the  field  of  controversy 
alone.  Bilson,  Bancroft,  Bridges,  Cosins,  and  Dr.  Adrian  Saravia, 
a  German  beneficed  in  England,  appeared  on  the  same  side.  Brad- 
shaw  defended  the  cause  of  the  Puritans  against  Bilson,  Fenner 

879 


HOO 


HOO 


against  Bridges.  Morrice  against  Cosins,  and  Beza  against  Saravia,  I  of  fourscore  years— to  see  the  abundant  fruits  of  his 
although  the  press  was  shut  against  them  by  law,  and  their  books  labours,  and  receive  the  grateful  benedictions  of  many 
could  tnly  by  publishejd  by  stealth." — BOGUE. _  A  ^_  |  whom  he  has  guided  to  intellectual  elevation  and  stimu 
lated  to  the  acquisition  of  mental  riches  of  priceless 
worth.  Of  the  author  of  the  Ecclesiastical  Polity,  Mr. 
Hallain  does  not  scruple  to  declare  : 

He  not  only  opened  the  mine,  but  explored  the  depths,  of  our 
native  eloquence.  So  stately  and  graceful  is  the  march  of  his 
periods,  so  various  the  fall  of  his  musical  cadences  upon  the  ear, 
so  rich  iu  images,  so  condensed  in  sentences,  so  grave  and  noble 
his  diction,  so  little  is  there  of  vulgarity  in  his  racy  idiom,  of 
pedantry  in  his  learned  phrase,  that  I  know  not  whether  any 
later  writer  has  more  admirably  displayed  the  capacities  of  our 
language,  or  produced  passages  more  worthy  of  comparison  with 
the  splendid  monuments  of  antiquity.  If  we  compare  the  first 
book  of  the  Ecclesiastical  Polity  with  what  bears  perhaps  most 
resemblance  to  it  of  any  thing  extant,  the  treatise  of  Cicero  de 
Legibus,  it  will  appear  somewhat  perhaps  inferior,  through  the 


'  The  Ecclesiastical  Polity  of  Hooker,  who  was  superior  to  the 
pedantry  of  the  times,  is  worthy  of  the  present  age  for  its  liberal 
and  manly  sentiment."— Comparisons  of  the  Lit.  of  the  Present  Age 
with  that  of  the  Keigns  of  Eliz.  and  Anne,  by  Jiev.  E.  Polwhele. 
See  Goodhugh's  Lib.  Man.,  165. 

"  His  works  manifest  great  vigour  of  thought,  eloquence  of  ex 
pression,  soundness  of  judgment,  and  decidedly  evangelical  senti 
ment  :  his  Ecclesiastical  Polity  is  one  of  the  bulwarks  of  the  Esta 
blished  Church  of  England."— BICKERSTETH  :  Christian  Student. 

"  For  a  defence  of  the  Church  of  England  against  the  Sectaries, 
it  will  suffice,  imtar  omnium,  to  study  Hooker's  Ecclesiastical 
Politie,  a  work  bearing  all  the  marks  of  immortality,  as  destined 
to  excite  the  admiration  of  men  while  good  letters  remain  amongst 
them  ''—Bishop  Warburtnn's  Directions  to  his  Student. 

"  The  Ecclesiastical  Polity  is  the  principal  work  of  this  able  and 
venerable  man,  and  perhaps  the  best  defence  of  the  Church  of 


England  ever  published.  Those  who  dissent  from  his  doctrine  of  imperfectiOn  of  our  language,— which,  with  all  its  force  and  dig- 
church  order  may,  nevertheless,  read  this  remarkable  production  nity>  does  not  equal  the  L&iin  in  either  of  those  qualities,— and 
with  great,  advantage,  because  of  the  dignity  and  force  of  the  Ian-  certainly  more  tedious  and  diffuse  in  some  of  its  reasonings;  but 
guHge  in  which  it  is  written,  the  author's  meekness  in  contro-  by  no  means  less  high-toned  in  sentiment  or  less  bright  in  fancy, 
Tersy,  and  the  very  just  and  impressive  views  of  revealed  truth  and  far  more  comprehensive  and  profound  in  the  foundations  of 
which  he  has  often  introduced."— Dr.  E.  Williams's  .Christian  its  philosophy."— Constit.  Hist,  of  Eng.,  ed.  1854,  i.  215. 
Preacher. 

"  Amply  as  Hooker  enriched  his  native  tongue,  he  frequently 
presents  the  cumbrous  gait  and  the  rough  aspect  of  a  pioneer. 
Taylor  surpasses  him  in  all  the  charms  of  imagination;  Hall,  in 
the  sweetness  and  colour  of  his  thoughts;  Barrow,  in  the  illumina 
tion  of  his  argument.  But  Hooker  excelled  them  all  in  muscular 
vigour.  .  .  .  We  turn  to  his  works,  as  to  some  mighty  bulwark 
against  infidelity,  impregnable  to  the  assaults  of  successive  gene 
rations." — WILLMOTT. 

For  other  comparisons  of  Hooker  to  Taylor,  Barrow, 
Ac.,  see  BARROW,  ISAAC,  D.D. ;  TAYLOR,  JEREMY,  D.D 
Referring  to  Hooker's  theological  sentiments,  Mr.  Ma- 
caul  ay  remarks : 

"  The  school  of  divinity  of  which  Hooker  was  the  chief  occupie 
a  middle  place  between  the  school  of  Cranmer  and  the  school  of 
Laud ;  and  Hooker  has  in  modern  times  been  claimed  by  the 
Arminians  as  an  ally." — History  of  England,  vol.  i.,  1849. 

Dr.  Drake  remarks  of  Hooker's  composition  :  * 

"Though  the  words,  for  the  most  part,  are  well  chosen  and 
pure,  the  arrangement  of  them  into  sentences  is  intricate  and 
harsh,  and  formed  almost  exclusively  on  the  idiom  and  construc 
tion  of  the  Latin.  Much  strength  and  vigour  are  derived  from 
this  adoption,  but  perspicuity,  sweetness,  and  ease,  are  too  gene- 


Hooker,  Richard.  Weekly  Miscellany,  1736-38,  2 
vols.  8vo. 

Hooker,  Thomas,  1586-1647,  "  The  Renowned  Pas 
tor  of  Hartford  Church,  and  Pillar  of  Connecticut  Colony," 
a  native  of  Marfield,  Leicestershire,  educated  at  and  Fel 
low  of  Emanuel  College,  Cambridge,  took  holy  orders  and 
preached  for  some  time  in  London.  In  1626  he  became 
assistant  to  a  clergyman  at  Chelmsford,  and  officiated  with 
great  reputation  until  silenced  for  Non-conformity  by  Laud, 
then  Bishop  of  London.  He  subsequently  went  to  Hol 
land,  where  he  preached  for  two  or  three  years  at  Delft, 
Amsterdam,  and  Rotterdam,  and  in  1633  emigrated  to 
Boston,  New  England,  in  company  with  John  Cotton  and 
Samuel  Stone.  In  October  of  the  same  year  he  assumed 
the  charge  of  the  congregation  at  New-Town,  now  Cam 
bridge,  Mass.,  Mr.  Stone  acting  as  his  assistant.  In  June, 
1636,  in  company  with  Mr.  Stone  and  about  one  hundred 


other  persons,  he  removed  to  "a  fertile  spot  on  the  banks 
of  the  Connecticut,"  which  they  called  Hartford, — the  name 

LIJl^    ilHUplIVll.     UUb    IJCIOLMUUltY)    B  W  CTJIUCOD,    O.IJU.     CO-BC,    O.I  C      \AJ\J     tiCUC?-     I  •  •»  /»      •»  r  r+  1 

rally  sacrificed.  There  is,  notwithstanding  these  usual  features  by  which  it  is  still  known,— in  honour  of  Mr.  Stone,  who 
of  his  composition,  an  occasional  simplicity  in  his  pages,  both  of  was  a  native  of  Hartford,  in  England.  In  his  new  loca- 
style  and  sentiment,  which  truly  charms."— Essays  Illustrative  of  tion>  Hooker  was  distinguished  by  the  same  unquenchable 

tlte  Tatler,  <fc.,  VOl.  1.  10.  „,.-!     „„*:,.;„  ~  onoro-ir     and    fiorw  olnniionno     whipVi    Wfirp  Viia 


Mr.  Beloe  complains  that 
"  Neither  Walton  in  his  Life  of  Hooker,  nor  Bishop  Gauden, 
nor  many  others  that  give  an  account  of  Hooker  and  his  writings. 


zeal,  untiring  energy,  and  fiery  eloquence,  which  were  his 
characteristics  from  early  youth,  and  no  name  had  more 
influence  in  the  churches  of  New  England.  He  was  car 


jiur  many  uiiiei »    uuwiKiYV«uacQuuu»uj  AAvutvei  auu  uia  wnnn&o,   i  ^ 

make  mention  of  the  particular  books  or  tracts  which  gave  occa-     ried  off  by  an  epidemical  fever,  July  7,  1647,  aged  61. 
sion  to  his  writing  the  Ecclesiastical  Polity."  John  Higginson  transcribed  from  his  MSS.  about  200  ser- 

Mr.  Beloe  proceeds  to  supply  this  omission  in  Anec-     mons,  and  sent  them  to  England,  and  about  half  of  them 


dotes  of  Literature  and  Scarce  Books,  vol.  i.  p.  21. 

Mr.  Hallam's  authority  is,  in  all  cases,  one  of  the  most 
weighty  which  can  be  adduced: 

"The  finest  as  well  as  the  most  philosophical  writer  of  the 
Elizabethan  period  is  Hooker.  The  first  book  of  the  Ecclesiastical 
Polity  is  at  this  day  one  of  the  master-pieces  of  English  eloquence. 
His  periods,  indeed,  are  generally  much  too  long  and  too  intricate, 
but  portions  of  them  are  often  beautifully  rhythmical ;  his  lan 
guage  is  rich  in  English  idiom  without  vulgarity,  and  in  words 
of  a  Latin  source  without  pedantry;  he  is  more  uniformly  solemn 
than  the  usage  of  later  times  permits,  or  even  than  writers  of  that 
time,  such  as  Bacon,  conversant  with  mankind  as  well  as  books, 
would  have  reckoned  necessary;  but  the  example  of  ancient 
orators  and  philosophers,  upon  themes  so  grave  as  those  which 
he  discusses,  may  justify  the  serious  dignity  from  which  he  does 
not  depart.  Hooker  is  perhaps  the  first  of  such  in  England  who 
adorned  his  prose  with  the  images  of  poetry ;  but  this  he  has  done 
more  judiciously  and  with  more  moderation  than  others  of  great 
name;  and  we  must  be  bigots  in  Attic  severity,  before  we  can 
object  to  some  of  his  grand  figures  of  speech.  We  may  praise 
him  also  for  avoiding  the  superfluous  luxury  of  quotations ; — a 
rock  on  which  the  writers  of  the  succeeding  age  were  so  frequently 
wrecked."— Introduc.  to  Lit.  of  Europe;  ed.  1854,  vol.  ii.  198. 

"The  Ecclesiastical  Polity  of  Hooker  is  a  monument  of  real 
learning,  in  profane  as  well  as  theological  antiquity."— Ibid.,  vol. 
i.  518. 

See  also  vol.  i.  521,  522,  556;  ii.  23-26,  48,  338,  505, 
537  ;  iii.  444,  445,  448.  And  see  Hallam's  Constit.  Hist. 


were  pub.  A  number  of  his  theological  treatises  were  pub. 
before  his  death,  and  some  were  posthumous.  Among  the 
best-known  of  his  works  are  —  A  Survey  of  the  Sum  of 
Church  Discipline,  The  Soul's  Implantation,  The  Applica 
tion  of  Redemption,  and  the  Poor  Doubting  Christian 
drawn  to  Christ. 

1.  Tracts  and  Serms.,  Lon.,  1638.  2.  The  Soul's  Prepa 
ration  for  Christ;  or,  a  Treatise  of  Contrition,  on  Acts  ii. 
37,  1637,  12mo  ;  1643.  3.  The  Soul's  Vocation  ;  or,  Effec 
tual  Calling  to  Christ,  1637,  '38,  4to.  4.  The  Soul's  Im 
plantation  into  Christ,  1637.  5.  Four  Treatises,  —  viz.  :  The 
Carnal  Hypocrite  ;  Churches  Deliverance  ;  Deceitfulness 
of  Sin;  and  the  Benefit  of  Afflictions,  1638,  8vo.  6.  The 
Soul's  Possession  of  Christ,  with  a  Serm.  on  2  Kings  xi. 
12,  1638,  8vo.  7.  The  Poore  Doubting  Christian  drawne 
to  Christ,  1638,  18mo.  8.  Of  Self-Denial  and  Self-Trial, 
on  Matt.  xvi.  24,  2  Cor.  xiii.  5,  and  John  i.  12,  13, 
1640.  9.  The  Pattern  of  Perfection,  1640,  8vo.  10.  The 
Soul's  Humiliation,  on  Luke  xiv.  15,  Ac.,  1640.  11.  S'*rrn. 
on  Deut.  xxix.  24,  25,  1644,  4to.  12.  Expos,  of  the  Lord's 
Prayer,  1645,  4to.  13.  The  Saint's  Guide;  in  three  Trea 
tises,  1645,  8vo.  14.  A  Survey  of  the  Summe  of  Church 
Discipline,  by  Thomas  Hooker  and  John  Cotton,  1648,  4to. 
Pub.  under  the  supervision  of  Dr.  Thomas  Goodwin,  of 


of  Eng.,  ed.  1854,  i.  214,  216,  217,  218,  220-227.  See  London,  and  highly  commended  by  him.  See  his  Address 
also  Disraeli's  Amenities  of  Lit.,  and  his  Quarrels  of  Au-  ' 

thors;    Talfourd's    Essays;    Dugald    Stewart's    Prelim., , , &u.^ -v  ,  — 

Dissert   to  Encyc.  Brit.;    Sir  Jas.  Mackintosh's  Works,     several  Serms.,  1651.     17.  The  Spiritual  Rule  of  the  Lord's 

1854   i.  351 ;  T.  B.  Macaulay's  Essays,  1854,  ii.  316.  Kingdom.     18.  The  Application  of  Redemption,  1656 ;  2d 

After  such  a  cloud  of  witnesses  to  the  merits  of  this 

eminent  writer,  we  trust  that  it  is  unnecessary  for  us  to  ,       „,- _„. 

urge  our  readers— young  and  old— to  devote  at  least  a  public  loss,  and  his  virtues  were  celebrated— if  not  in  as 
portion  of  their  days  and  nights  to  the  pages  of  Hooker,  many  languages  as  those  which  chanted  the  praises  of 
And,  that  they  may  be  persuaded  so  to  do,  we  shall  gratify  Louis  le  Grand— in  majestic  Latin  and  pathetic  Saxon, 
them  with  a  few  more  eloquent  lines  of  glowing  eulogy  John  Cotton,  Elijah  Corlet,  Ezekiel  Rogers,  Peter  Bulkley, 
from  the  same  distinguished  scholar  who  has  opened  the  and  Edward  Johnson,  were  among  those  who  vied  in  epi- 
paths  of  learning  to  so  many  of  the  past  and  present  cedian  strains  over  the  lamented  dead.  The  first-named 
generation,  and  who  still  remains— now  on  the  verge  I  honoured  his  departed  friend  both  in  prose  and  verse;— in 


IIOO 


HOO 


the  former  telling  us  that  Hooker  "Agmen  ducere  et 
dominari  in  Concionibus,  gratia  Spiritus  Sancti  et  virtute 
plenis:"  and  that  he  was  "Vir  Solertis  et  Acerrimi  ju- 
dicii ;"  and  in  the  latter  expressing  himself  in  the  follow 
ing  rather  homely  stanzas : 

"  Twas  of  Geneva's  heroes  said  with  wonder, 
(Those  worthies  three,)  Farel  was  wont  to  thunder, 
Viret  like  rain  on  tender  grass  to  show'r, 
But  Calvin  lively  oracles  to  pour. 
All  these  in  HOOKER'S  spirit  did  remain, 
A  son  of  thunder  and  a  show'r  of  rain; 
A  pourer-forth  of  lively  oracles, 
In  saving  souls,  the  sum  of  miracles." 

"'Tis  that  Hooker,  of  whom  I  may  venture  to  say  that  the  fa 
mous  Romanist  who  wrote  a  book,  De  Tribus  Thomas;  or,  Of  Three 
Thomas's, — meaning  Thomas  the  Apostle,  Thomas  Becket,  and 
Sir  Thomas  More, — did  not  a  thousandth  part  so  well  sort  his 
Thomas's,  as  a  New  Euglander  might  if  he  should  write  a  book, 
De  Duobis  Thomas;  or,  Of  Two  Thomas's,  and  with  Thomas  the 
Apostle  joyn  our  celebrious  Thomas  Hooker :  my  one  Thomas, 
even  our  apostolical  Hooker,  would  in  just  balances  weigh  down 
two  of  Stapleton's  rebellious  Archbishops  or  bigoted  Lord-Chan 
cellors.  'Tis  he  whom  I  may  call,  as  Theodoret  called  Irenseus, 
<  The  light  of  the  Western  Churches.' "— MATHER  :  Magnolia,  ed. 
1855,  i.  333 :  The  Life  of  Mr.  Thomas  Hooker. 

See  also  Trumbull's  Connecticut;  Mass.  Hist.  Collec., 
vii.  38-41. 

Hooker,  William,  draughtsman  and  engraver. 
1.  Paradisus  Londinensis ;  with  Descrip.  by  R.  A.  Salis 
bury,  1805-06,  4to.  2.  Pomona  Londinensis,  1813,  4to, 
2  Nos.  fol.  3.  Con.  to  Trans.  Hortic.  Soc.,  1817. 

Hooker,  Sir  William  Jackson,  K.H.,  D.C.L.,  Di 
rector  of  the  Royal  Gardens  of  Kew,  formerly  Professor 
of  Botany  in  the  University  of  Glasgow,  has  perhaps  con 
tributed  as  much  to  the  dift'usion  of  his  favourite  science  as 
any  other  living  writer.  1.  Journal  of  "a  Tour  in  Iceland 
in  1809,  Yarmouth,  1811,  8vo;  2d  ed.,  Lon.,  1813,  8vo; 
and  see  Hooker's  Icelandic  Flora,  in  Sir  Geo.  S.  Macken 
zie's  Travels  in  Iceland  in  1810,  Edin.,  1812,  4to. 

"The  travels  of  this  author,  Mackenzie,  and  Henderson,  would 
seem  to  leave  nothing  to  be  desired  on  the  subject  of  this  extra 
ordinary  island  and  its  inhabitants." — Stevenson's  Voyages  and 
Travels. 

"  In  regard  to  Iceland,  I  trust  that  I  am  equally  satisfying  my 
own  conscience,  and  the  good  taste  of  the  public,  if  I  give  an  un 
qualified  recommendation  of  the  recent  works  upon  this  country 
by  Sir  George  Mackenzie  and  Dr.  Hooker:  gentlemen  competent, 
in  every  respect,  to  the  successful  execution  of  the  tasks  which 
they  undertook." — Dibdiris  Lib.  Camp. 

2.  Monograph  of  the  British  Jungermanniae,  Lon.,  1813, 
4to.  3.  British  Jungermanniae,  1816,  r.  4to.  New  ed., 
1846, 4to.  4.  Muscologia  Britannica,  1818,  8vo;  1827,  8vo; 
in  conjunction  with  T.  Taylor,  M.D.  New  ed.  of  Hooker's 
British  Mosses,  enlarged  by  Wilson,  1855,  8vo.  5.  Musci 
Exotici,  1818,  2  vols.  8vo ;  large  paper,  2  vols.  4to.  6. 
Flora  Scotica,  1821,  8vo.  7.  Botanical  Illustrations,  1822, 
4to.  8.  The  Exotic  Flora,  Edin.,  1823-27,  3  vols.  r.  8vo. 

"The  Exotic  Flora  by  Dr.  Hooker  is,  like  that  of  all  the  Botanical 
publications  of  the  indefatigable  author,  excellent ;  and  it  assumes 
an  appearance  of  finish  and  perfection  to  which  neither  the  Bo 
tanical  Magazine  nor  Register  can  externally  lay  claim."— LOUDOX. 

9.  Plates  of  Ferns,  fol.  10.  Botanical  Illustrations,  ob. 
4to.  11.  Supp.  to  Sir  James  Edward  Smith,  M.D.'s,  Eng 
lish  Flora,  being  vol.  v.,  1828,  8vo ;  Pt.  1,  by  'Sir  W.  J.  H. ; 
Pt.  2,  by  Sir  W.  J.  H.  and  Rev.  J.  M.  Berkeley;  also,  Com 
pendium  to  the  English  Flora,  new  ed.,  by  Sir  W.  J.  II., 
12mo.  New  ed.  of  Smith's  Introduction  to  Physiological 
and  Systematical  Botany,  by  Sir  W.  J.  H.,  1836,  8vo. 
12.  Flora  Boreali-Americana,  1829-40,  12  Pts.,  2  vols.  r. 
4to,  £8  8s.  This  valuable  work  is  compiled  principally 
from  the  plants  collected  by  Dr.  Richardson  and  Mr.  Drum- 
mond  during  the  Northern  Expeditions  under  the  command 
of  Sir  John  Franklin.  The  collections  of  Mr.  Douglas 
and  other  naturalists  have  also  been  laid  under  contribu 
tion.  13.  Icones  Filicum:  Figures  of  Ferns.  See  GRE- 
VILLE,  ROBERT  KAYE,  No.  4.  14.  Botanical  Miscellany, 
1830-33,  3  vols.  r.  8vo.  15.  Botany  of  Capt.  Beechey's 
Voyage,  1831-41,  4to ;  in  conjunction  with  G.  A.  W.  Ar- 
nott.  16.  London  Journal  of  Botany ;  2d  Ser.,  1834-42, 
4  vols.  8vo ;  3d  Ser.,  1842-51,  7  vols.  8vo.  17.  Flora  Lon 
dinensis.  See  CURTIS,  WILLIAM,  No.  3.  18.  Icones  Plan- 
tarum,  1837-40,  4  vols.  8vo.  New  Series,  vols.  i.-vi. ;  Pts. 
1  and  2  of  vol.  vi.  issued  in  1854. 

"  Nothing  can  be  more  interesting  to  a  man  of  science  than  the 
plants  represented  in  these  volumes;  nothing  can  be  in  better 
taste  or  more  faithful  than  the  figures;  and  it  is  difficult  to  con 
ceive  how  any  thing  can  be  cheaper." — Lon.  Athen&um. 

19.  Genera  of  Ferns,  1838-42,  12  Pts.  imp.  8vo.  The 
illustrations  are  by  the  eminent  botanical  draughtsman, 
Francis  Bauer.  20.  William  Woodville,  M.D.'s,  Medical 
Botany;  3d  edit.,  1832,  4  vols.  4to.  Supp.  vol.,  being  the 
5th,  entirely  by  Sir  W.  J.  Hooker,  to  complete  the  old  edits., 
1838,  4to.  No  one  connected  with  the  "Healing  Art" 
should  be  without  Woodville's  Medical  Botany.  It  is  a 
56 


work  of  the  highest  authority.  21.  Notes  on  Botany  of 
the  Antarctic  Voyage  conducted  by  Capt.  Sir  J.  C.  Ross, 
1843,  8vo.  22.  Species  Filicum,  1846-53,  in  8vo  Pts.;  Pt. 
6  pub.  in  Jan.  1853.  23.  Guide  to  Kew  Gardens,  1847, 
12mo;  1848,  12mo. 

"  A  more  acceptable  publication  could  hardly  have  been  issued. 
The  guide,  descriptions,  cuts,  and  plan  of  the  gardens,  are  replete 
with  information,  and  are  all  that  visitors  could  wish." — Lon.  Lit. 
Gazette. 

24.  Century  of  Orchidaceous  Plants ;  with  an  Introduc 
tion  by  John  C.  Lyons,  1848,  8vo,  £5  5s. 

"  In  the  exquisite  illustrations  to  this  splendid  volume  full  jus 
tice  has  been  rendered  to  the  oddly-formed  and  often  brilliantly- 
coloured  flowers  of  this  curious  and  interesting  tribe  of  plants."— 
Westminster  and  Foreign  Quarterly  Review. 

"  The  work  is  enriched  with  a  prefatory  memoir  by  Mr.  Lyons, 
full  of  sound  judgment  and  experience,  on  the  most  approved 
method  of  growing  Orchids." — Lon.  Lit.  Gazette. 

25.  Journal  of  Botany  and  Kew  Gardens  Miscellany, 
1849-54,  vols.  i.-v.  r.  8vo.     26.  British  Flora;   6th  ed., 
1850,  12rao;  7th  ed.,  in  conjunction  with  G.  A.  W.  Arnott, 
1855,  12mo.     27.  The  Victoria  Regia,  illustrated  by  W. 
Fitch,  1851,  elephant  fol. 

"  Although  many  works  have  been  devoted  to  the  illustration 
and  description  of  the  Victoria  Regia,  it  seemed  still  to  want  one 
which,  whilst  it  gave  an  accurate  botanical  description  of  the 
plant,  should  at  the  same  time  show  the  natural  size  of  its 
gigantic  flowers.  This  object  has  been  aimed  at  by  the  combined 
labours  of  Sir  W.  Hooker  and  Mr.  Fitch,  and  with  distinguished 
success.  The  illustrations  are  every  thing  that  could  be  desired 
in  the  shape  of  botanic  drawings.  They  are  accurate,  and  they 
are  beautiful." — Lon.  Atlienceum. 

28.  Century  of  Ferns,  1854,  r.  8vo.  29.  The  Rhodo 
dendrons  of  Sikkim-Himalaya;  edited  by  Sir  W.  J.  H. 
See  HOOKER,  JOSEPH  DALTON,  M.D.,  R.N.  No.  3. 
30.  Curtis's  Botanical  Magazine ;  Sir  W.  J.  H.,  co-editor. 
See  CURTIS,  SAMUEL;  CURTIS,  WILLIAM.  Sir  W.  J.  H. 
has  also  contributed  papers  to  the  Annals  of  Natural  His 
tory,  (associate  contributors,  Sir  W.  Jardine,  P.  J.  Selby, 
Dr.  Johnston,  and  R.  Taylor,)  a  monthly  magazine  of 
Zoology,  Botany,  and  Geology,  commenced  in  1838,  pub. 
in  London  at  30s.  per  annum.  He  has  also  been  a  con 
tributor  to  Trans.  Linn.  Soc.,  <fcc. 

Hooker,  Worthington,  M.D.,  b.  1806,  in  Spring 
field,  Mass.,  grad.  Yale  Coll.,  1825,  Professor  in  Yale  Col 
lege.  1.  Physician  and  Patient,  New  York,  12mo. 

"  A  valuable  addition  to  our  medical  literature." — Medical  Exa 
miner,  Philadelphia. 

2.  The  Medical  Profession  and  the  Community,  12mo. 
3.  Lessons  from  the  Hist,  of  Medical  Delusions,  12mo.  A 
prize  Essay.  4.  Homoeopathy:  an  Exam,  of  its  Doctrines 
and  Evidences,  1852, 12mo.  A  prize  Eesay.  5.  First  Book 
in  Physiology.  6.  Human  Physiology;  for  Colleges  and 
Schools,  1854,  12mo.  Used  extensively  in  seminaries.  7. 
The  Child's  Book  of  Nature,  1857,  sm.  4to.  8.  Rational 
Therapeutics,  1857, 12mo.  A  prize  Essay.  9.  Child's  Book 
of  Common  Things,  1858,  12mo. 

Hookes,  Elias.  The  Spirit  of  the  Martyrs  Revived, 
tine  anno,  eed  circa  1664,  fol.  Another  ed.,  Lon.,  1719, 8vo. 

Hookes,  N.,  of  Trin.  Coll.,  Camb.  Amanda;  a  Sa 
crifice  to  an  Unknown  Goddesse,  or  a  Free-will  Offering 
of  a  Loving  Heart  to  a  Sweet-Heart,  Lon.,  1658,  8vo. 
Very  rare.  Bibl.  Anglo-Poet,  373,  £4  10s.  See  Shield's 
Introduction  to  Harmony. 

Hookham.  The  Modern  Husband;  a  Nov.,  Lon., 
1769,  2  vols.  12mo. 

Hoole,  Mrs.  See  HOFLAND,  MRS.  THOMAS  CHRISTO 
PHER. 

Hoole,  Charles,  1610-1666,  an  eminent  schoolmas 
ter,  subsequently  rector  of  Stock,  in  Essex,  was  a  native 
of  Wakefield,  Yorkshire,  and  educated  at  Lincoln  College, 
Oxford.  He  pub.  several  Latin  Grammars,  and  other 
educational  works,  1649-1702.  See  Athen.  Oxon. 

Hoole,  Elijah,  a  Wesleyan  Missionary.  1.  Madras, 
Mysore,  and  the  South  of  India,  1820-28 ;  2d  ed.,  Lon., 
1844, 12mo.  2.  Year-Book,  1847,  8vo. 

Hoole,  John,  1727-1803,  a  native  of  Moorfields,  Lon 
don,  was  for  nearly  40  years — 1744-83 — a  clerk  in  the  East 
India  House.  1.  Trans,  of  Dante's  Tasso's  Jerusalem  De 
livered,  Lon.,  1763,  2  vols.  8vo.  We  have  already  noticed 
this  translation  in  our  life  of  FAIRFAX,  EDWARD,  q.  v. 

"  Among  the  valuable  acquisitions  I  made  about  this  time  [of 
leaving  the  High  School]  was  an  acquaintance  with  Tasso's  Jeru 
salem,  through  the  flat  medium  of  Mr.  Hoole's  translation."— Sir 
Walter  Scott's  Autobiography. 

"  The  reader  will  observe  in  the  foregoing  specimens  of  Hoole 
how  a  bad  translator  takes  refuge  from  the  real  feelings  of  his 
author  in  vagueness  and  cant  phrases.  .  .  .  When  Mr.  Hoole  takes 
leave  of  his  author,  it  is  for  want  of  strength  to  accompany  him ; 
when  Fairfax  does  it,  it  is  to  lead  you  into  some  beautiful  corner 
of  his  fancy." — LEIGH  HUNT  :  Critique  on  Fairfax's  Tasso. 

2.  Dramas  of  Metastasio,  1767,  2  vols.  12mo.  Enlarged 
ed.,  3  vols.  8vo.  3.  Cyrus  j  a  Tragedy,  1768,  8vo.  Founded 


1100 

on  the  II  Giro  Rioconoscinto  of  Metnstasio.  4.  Timanthes ; 
a  Tragedy,  1770,  8vo.  5.  Trans,  of  Ariosto's  Orlando 
Furioso,  with  Notes,  1773-83,  5  vols.  Svo;  1807,  6  vols. 
12mo.  Abridged  ed.,  1791,  2  vols.  8vo. 

"That  vile  version  of  Hoole's.  .  .  .  The  flat  couplets  of  a 
rhymester  like  Hoole."— ROBERT  SOUTHEY  :  Life  and  Corresp. 

Mr.  Roscoe  says  of  Ariosto,  "  In  the  Orlando  we  admire 
the  poet,  but  in  the  Satires  we  love  the  man  !"  6.  Cleonia  ; 
a  Tragedy.  7.  Trans,  of  Tasso's  Rinaldo  ;  a  Poem,  1792, 
8vo.  8.  Critical  Essays  of  John  Scott,  of  Amwell;  with 
his  Life,  by  J.  Hoole,  1785,  8vo.  Dr.  Johnson— with 
whom  our  author  was  intimate— valued  Hoole's  abilities 
much  more  highly  than  they  deserved:  see  FAIRFAX, 
EDWARD.  Modern  critics,  as  we  have  seen,  have  deducted 
largely  from  the  estimate  of  the  great  lexicographer : 

"  Mr.  Hoole,  the  translator  of  Tasso  and  Ariosto,  and  in  that 
capacity  a  noble  transmuter  of  gold  into  lead.  ...  He  did  exactly 
BO  many  couplets  day  by  day,  neither  more  nor  less;  and  habit 
had  made  it  light  to  him,  however  heavy  it  might  seem  to  the 
reader."— SIB  WALTER  SCOTT  :  Diary,  June  4,  1826. 

"  Ben  Jouson  was  a  great  man,  Hoole  a  very  small  man.  But 
Hoole,  coming  after  Pope,  had  learned  how  to  manufacture  deca 
syllabic  verses,  and  poured  them  forth  by  thousands  and  tens  of 
thousands,  all  as  well-timed,  as  smooth,  and  as  like  each  other,  as 
the  blocks  which  have  passed  through  Mr.  Brunei's  mill  in  the 
dock-yard  at  Portsmouth.  Ben's  heroic  couplets  resemble  blocks 
rudely  hewn  out  by  an  unpractised  hand  with  a  blunt  hatchet. 
Take  as  a  specimen  his  translation  of  a  celebrated  passage  in  the 
JEneid : 

" '  This  child  our  parent  earth,  stirred  up  with  spite'.  .  .  . 
Compare  with  these  jagged  misshapen  distichs  the  neat  fabric 
•which  Hoole's  machine  produces  in  unlimited  abundance.  We 
take  the  first  lines  on  which  we  open  in  his  version  of  Tasso. 
They  are  neither  better  nor  worse  than  the  rest." — T.  B.MACAULAY  : 
Edin.  Rev.,  July,  1843;  and  his  Collected  Essays,  Lon.,  1854,  iii.  365. 

See  Nichols's  Lit.  Anec, ;  Boswell's  Life  of  Johnson  ; 
European  Mag.,  1792 ;  Gent.  Mag.,  vol.  Ixxiii. 

Hoolc,  Joseph,  Rector  of  St.  Anne's,  Manchester. 

1.  Admonition  to  Churchwardens,  Lon.,  1727,  12mo.     2. 
Guide  to  Communicants,  1739,  12mo.     3.  Serins,  on  seve 
ral  Important  Subjects,  1748,  2  vols.  8vo. 

Hoole,  Samuel,  minister  of  Poplar,  Ac.,  son  of  John 
Hoole,  (ante.)  1.  Modern  Manners ;  a  Poem,  1781,  8vo. 

2.  Aurelia;  a  Poem,  1783,  4to.     3.  Serms.,  1786,  8vo.     4, 
Edward ;   a  Poem,  1787,  4to.      5.  Miscell.  Poems,  1790, 
2  vols.  8vo.      6.  Trans,  of  the  Select  Works  of  A.  Van 
Leuwenhoeck,  from    the  Dutch    and    Latin,  1798-1810, 
2  vols.  4to.     7.  Serm.,  1804,  8vo. 

Hooper,  Edward  James,  b.  1803,  in  England, 
settled  in  the  United  States  in  1830,  is  the  author  of  a 
Dictionary  of  Agriculture,  Cincin.,  1842,  edited  for  several 
years  the  Western  Farmer  and  Gardener,  and  has  been 
for  upwards  of  twenty  years  a  constant  contributor  to 
agricultural  journals. 

Hooper,  George,  D.D.,  1640-1727,  a  native  of 
Grimley,  Worcestershire,  was  educated  at  St.  Paul's  and 
Westminster  schools,  elected  to  Christ  Church  College 
Oxford,  1657;  Rector  of  Lambeth,  1675;  Dean  of  Canter 
bury,  1691;  Bishop  of  St.  Asaph's,  1703;  trans,  to  Bath 
and  Wells,  1704.  He  pub.  a  work  on  Ancient  Measures 
Lon.,  1721,  8vo,  an'on. ;  and  a  number  of  serins,  anc 
theolog.  treatises,  1681-1713.  A  collective  ed.  of  his 
works  was  pub.  at  Oxford,  1757,  fol.,  by  Dr.  Hunt,  the 
Professor  of  Hebrew. 

"He  was  the  best  scholar,  the  finest  gentleman,  and  woul 
make  the  completest  bishop,  that  ever  was  educated  at  Westmin 
Bter  school." — DR.  BUSBY. 

See  Todd's  Lives  of  the  Deans  of  Canterbury ;  Genl 
Diet. ;  Burnet's  Own  Times ;  Athen.  Oxon. ;  Nichols's 
Atterbury ;  Nichols's  Lit.  Anec. ;  Gent.  Mag.,  vols.  xvii 
and  Ixii. 

Hooper,  J.  1.  Serm.,  Lon.,  1819,  8vo.  2.  Serms.  ti 
Young  People,  1821, 12mo. 

"Worthy  to  become  a  standing  work  for  the  instruction  of  suc 
ceeding  generations." — Lon.  Oongreg.  Mag. 

Hooper,  Ja.  The  Hist,  of  the  Rebellion  and  Civi 
Wars  during  the  reign  of  Charles  I.,  Lon.,  1738,  fol.  No 
esteemed. 

Hooper,  James,  M.D.  Medical  treatises,  Lon. 
1778,  '92. 

Hooper,  John,  the  Reformer  and  Martyr,  1495- 
1554,  a  native  of  Somersetshire,  educated  at  Merton  Col 
lege,  Oxford,  was  for  some  time  one  of  the  Cistercians,  o 
White  Monks,  but  subsequently  embraced  the  principle 
of  the  Reformation.  In  1539  he  fled  to  Zurich,  and  re 
mained  abroad  until  the  accession  of  Edward  VI.  In  155! 
he  was  consecrated  Bishop  of  Gloucester,  and  about  tw< 
years  later  he  had  the  bishopric  of  Worcester  given  t. 
him,  in  commendam.  On  the  accession  of  Mary,  July 
1553,  he  was  a  prominent  mark  for  the  persecutors ;  and 
refusing  to  recant,  he  was  burnt  in  the  city  of  Gloucester 


HOP 

ear  his  own  cathedral,  on  the  9th  of  the  February  en- 
uing.  He  was  the  author  of  many  theological  treatises, 
xpositions,  and  serms.,  for  an  account  of  which,  see 
fox's  Martyrs ;  Burnet's  Hist,  of  the  Reformation ; 
Strype's  Cranmer;  Fathers  of  the  English  Church,  vol. 
.;  British  Reformers,  vol.  iv. ;  Tracts  of  Ang.  Fathers, 
ol.  ii. ;  Watt's  Bibl.  Brit. ;  Wordsworth's  Eccles.  Biog. 
?he  reader  must  procure  the  following  collections  of  the 
writings  of  this  excellent  man  : 

Early  Writings,  edited,  with  Biographical  Notice,  Index, 
Ac.,  by  S.  Carr,  Camb.,  (Univ.  Press,)  1843,  Svo.  Contents : 
— A  Declaration  of  Christ  and  his  Office  ;  Answer  to  Bishop 
Jardiner;  a  Declaration  of  the  X.  Commandments;  Ser 
mons  upon  the  Prophet  Jonas;  and  Funeral  Sermon  on 
Rev.  xiv.  13. 

Later  Writings,  together  with  his  Letters  and  other 
ieces,  edited,  with  Biographical  Notice,  Index,  &c.,  by 
).  Nevinson,  Camb.,  (Univ.  Press,)  1852,  Svo.  Contents: 
— A  Lesson  of  the  Incarnation  of  Christ;  Confession  of 
?aith;  Annotations  on  Romans  xiii. ;  Copy  of  Visitation 
Book ;  Expositions  of  Psalms  xxiii.,  Ixii.,  Ixxiii.,  and 
xxvii.;  Treatise  respecting  Judge  Hales;  Epistola  ad 
Episcopos,  &c. ;  Appellatio  ad  Parliamentum;  Hyperapis- 
mus  de  vera  Doctrina  et  Usa  Coenae  Domini,  &c. 

A  new  ed.  of  Bishop  Hooper's  Works,  pub.  by  J.  H. 
Parker,  Oxford,  1855,  2  vols.  8vo. 

A  number  of  Bishop  Hooper's  works  have  been  repub. 
separately  within  the  last  few  years. 

"  Life  is  sweet  and  death  bitter,"  said  Sir  Anthony  Kingston  to 
Bishop  Hooper  at  the  stake.   "  True,  friend,"  replied  Hooper ;  "but 
;he  death  to  come  is  more  bitter,  and  the  life  to  come  more  sweet." 
Hooper,  John.    Early  Piety  Displayed,  1813,  Svo. 
Hooper,  Rev.  John.     Theolog.  treatises,  1829-31. 
Hooper,  Johnson  J.    1.  Adventures  of  Capt.  Simon 
Suggs,  Phila.,  12mo.     2.  Widow  Rugby's   Husband,  and 
other  Tales  of  Alabama,  1851,  12mo.  . 

Hooper,  Joseph.  Medical  treatises,  1782-89. 
Hooper,  Lucy,  1816-1S41,  a  native  of  Newburyport, 
Massachusetts,  removed  in  her  15th  year  to  Brooklyn, 
Long  Island,  where  she  resided  until  her  death.  In  early 
life  she  contributed' many  poetical  essays  to  the  Long 
Island  Star,  and  the  New  Yorker,  a  daily  paper;  and  in 
1840  pub.  a  vol.  of  prose  sketches,  entitled  Scenes  from 
Real  Life.  She  also  gave  to  the  world  at  the  same  time 
An  Essay  on  Domestic  Happiness.  During  her  last  illness 
she  was  preparing  for  publication  a  work  entitled  The 
Poetry  of  Flowers,  which  appeared  shortly  after  her  de 
cease.  In  1842  Mr.  John  Keese  edited  a  collection  of  her 
Literary  Remains,  prefaced  by  a  Memoir;  and  an  enlarged 
edit,  of  her  Poetical  Works  was  pub.  in  1S48.  Specimens 
of  the  poetry  of  this  accomplished  lady  are  given  in  Gris- 
wold's  Female  Poets  of  America,  where  the  reader  will 
find  eloquent  tributes  to  the  memory  of  Miss  Hooper  from 
John  G.  Whittier,  Henry  T.  Tuckerman,  and  Dr.  John  W. 
Francis.  See  also  Democratic  Review,  xi.  90. 

Hooper,  Robert,  M.D.,  an  eminent  medical  writer, 
pub.  several  professional  works,  among  which  are — 1.  The 
Anatomist's  Vade-Mecum,  Lon.,  1797,  Svo;  5th  ed.,  1804, 
12mo.  Since  reprinted.  2.  On  Plants,  Oxf.,  1797,  Svo; 
Lon.,  1798,  8vo.  3.  Medical  Dictionary,  1798,  12mo  ;  8th 
ed.  See  GRANT,  KLEIN,  M.D.  16th  Amer.  ed.,  with  ad- 
dits.  by  Samuel  Akerly,  M.D.,  8vo,  N.  York.  4.  Epi 
demical  Diseases,  Lon.,  1803,  8vo.  5.  Physician's  Vade- 
Mecum,  Lon.,  1809,  12mo.  New  eds.,  by  Dr.  Guy,  1846, 
12mo ;  1851, 12mo ;  (4th  ed.,)  1853, 12mo.  N.  York,  with 
addits.  by  John  Stewart,  M.D.,  Svo.  6.  Exam,  in  Ana 
tomy,  Physiology,  <fec.,  1810,  '14,  12mo.  Since  reprinted. 
7.  Morbid  Anatomy  of  the  Brain,  r.  4to.  8.  Of  the  Uterus, 
r.  4to.  9.  Surgeon's  Vade-Mecum.  See  DUNGLISON,  ROB- 
LEY,  M.D.,  LL.D.,  No.  4  of  Works  edited  by  him.  And 
see  Lon.  Mem.  Med.,  1799. 

Hooper,  Wm.,  d.  1767,  a  minister  in  Boston,  Mass., 
pub.  The  Apostles  neither  Impostors  nor  Enthusiasts, 
1742 ;  and  a  Funl.  Serm.,  1763. 

Hooper,  Wm.,  M.D.,  trans,  a  number  of  works  from 
the  French  and  German,  Lon.,  1768-77,  and  wrote  Rational 
Recreations  in  Numbers  and  Natural  Philosophy,  1774, 
'87,  '94 ;  each  ed.  in  4  vols.  Svo. 

Hooson,  Wm.  The  Miner's  Dictionary,  Wrexham, 
1747,  8vo.  Criticized  in  a  Letter  by  D.  W.  Linden,  Chester, 
1747,  8vo. 

Hope,  Mrs.  Self-Education,  and  the  Formation  of 
Character;  2d  ed.,  Lon.,  1846,  18mo. 

"  Mrs.  Hope's  work  shows  that  she  has  studied  the  best  writers 
on  education,  and  her  views  are  decidedly  in  advance  of  the  age. 
Parents  and  teachers  will  gain  many  useful  hints  from  its  perusal." 
—Lon.  Record. 
Other  works. 


HOP 

Hope,  Lt.-Col.     Letter  to  the  Volunteers,  1804. 
Hope,  C.     Notes  on  the  Subject  of  Hearing  Counsel 
in  the  Inner  House,  Edin.,  1826,  8vo. 

Hope,  I.     Brittany  and  the  Bible,  Lon.,  1852,  sq. 
Hope,  Rev.  F.  W.     Coleopterist's  Manual :   Pt.  1, 
Lainellicorn  Insects,  1837,  8vo ;  1839,  8vo.     Pt.  2,  Prede- 
ceous  Beetles,  1838,  8vo;  1845,  8vo.     Pt.  3,  Various  Bee 
tles,  1841,  8vo. 

"  The  best  and  most  complete  example  of  systematic  entomology 
•which  we  have  ever  seen." — Lon.  Lit.  Gazette. 

Hope,  J.  C.,  Lutheran  pastor,  S.  Carolina,  pub.  a  work 
on  Universalism. 

Hope,  James,  M.D.,  Physician  to  St.  George's  Hos 
pital,  London,  has  been  already  referred  to  in  our  article 
on  GRANT,  KLEIN,  M.D.,  to  which,  and  authorities  there 
cited,  we  refer  the  reader.  1.  Principles  and  Illustrations 
of  Morbid  Anatomy,  Lon.,  1834,  8vo;  Phila.,  8vo. 

"  The  immense  field  from  which  Dr.  Hope  has  the  opportunity 
of  gleaning  a  rich  harvest  as  physician  to  an  institution  where  so 
many  sick  and  aged  are  assembled,  produces  fruits  worthy  of  his 
talents  and  industry." — Lon.  Med.  and  Surg,  Jour. 

2.  Treatise  on  Diseases  of  the  Heart  and  Great  Vessels; 
3d  ed.,  1839,  8vo;  4th  ed.,  1848,  12mo;  Phila.  edit,  by  C. 
W.  Pennock,  1846,  18mo.  We  quote  a  few  lines  from  the 
3d  edit. : 

"  The  addition  of  one-third  of  new  matter  to  the  present  volume, 
and  the  care  with  which  the  whole  has  been  revised  and  corrected, 
will,  I  trust,  sufficiently  prove  my  respect  for  the  favourable  opi 
nion  of  my  professional  brethren,  as  evinced,  not  in  this  country 
only,  but  also  on  the  European  and  American  continents,  by  the 
sale  of  no  less  than  six  or  seven  editions  and  translations  in  as 
many  years." — Extract  from  Preface. 

"  When  his  great  work  on  Diseases  cf  the  Heart  was  first  pub 
lished,  the  whole  profession  united  in  commendation  of  its  excel 
lence  ;  and  in  the  enlarged  and  improved  form  in  which  the  author 
•was  fortunately  enabled  to  reproduce  it  in  a  third  edition,  it  is  now 
•universally  acknowledged  to  be  the  best  book  on  the  subject  in 
any  language." — Brit,  and  For.  Med.  Sev. 

"Dr.  Hope  has  produced  the  best  work  on  the  diseases  of  the 
heart  that  has  yet  emanated  from  the  press." — Lon.  Med.  Gazette. 
Notice  of  the  4th  edit. : 

"  The  publisher  has  judged  wisely  in  producing  this  new  edition 
in  a  form  more  convenient  and  less  expensive  than  any  of  its  pre 
decessors.  The  value  of  the  book  is  increased  by  the  addition  of 
some  notes  and  cases  left  in  MS.  by  the  author,  and  directed  by 
him  to  be  inserted  in  this  edition.  For  our  knowledge  of  diseases 
of  the  heart,  we  are  in  no  small  degree  indebted  to  the  zealous 
Inquiries  and  pursuits  of  the  lamented  author." — Lon.  Lancet. 

See  an  interesting  account  of  Dr.  Hope's  first  experi 
ments  on  auscultation,  at  St.  George's  Hospital,  in  Ked- 
die's  Cyc.  of  Lit.  and  Scientific  Anec.,  Lon.  and  Glasg., 
1854. 

Hope,  John,  M.D.,  1725-1786,  educated  at  the  Univ. 
of  Edinburgh,  and  at  Paris,  was  in  1761  appointed  King's 
Botanist  in  Scotland,  Superintendent  of  the  Royal  Garden, 
and  Professor  of  Botany  and  Materia  Medica,  and  in  1786 
•was  nominated  Regius  Professor  of  Botany  in  the  Univ. 
of  Edinburgh.  He  pub.  a  Dissert,  in  Phil.  Trans.,  1769, 
on  the  Rheum  Palmatum,  and  another  in  Phil.  Trans., 
1785,  on  the  Ferula  As«afoetida.  At  the  time  of  his  death 
he  left  unfinished  an  extensive  work  on  botany,  which  had 
long  engaged  his  anxious  interest.  See  his  Life,  by  D. 
Duncan,  Medical  Commentaries,  Dec.  ii.,  vol.  iii.  The 
ehrub  Hopea  was  so  named  by  Linnaeus  in  compliment  to 
Dr.  Hope. 

Hope,  John.  Letters  on  Certain  Proceedings  in 
Parliament,  1769-70,  Lon.,  1772,  8vo. 

Hope,  John.  Thoughts  in  Prose  and  Verse,  1780 
8vo. 

Hope,  John.     Letters  on  Credit,  Lon.,  1784,  8vo. 
"  This  publication  is  of  very  little  value."— McOulloch's  Lit.  of 
Polit.  Econ.,  q.  v. 

Hope,  John.  Letter  to  the  Lord-Chancellor  on  the 
Claims  of  the  Church  of  Scotland,  Edin.,  1839,  8vo. 
Hope,  L.  Essay  on  Consumption. 
Hope,  Sir  Thomas,  d.  1646,  a  Scotch  lawyer,  was 
the  son  of  Henry  Hope,  a  merchant  of  Edinburgh,  am 
subsequently  of  Holland,  where,  as  in  England,  the  family 
have  been  distinguished  for  two  centuries.  1.  Carmen 
SeculareinSerenissimumCarolumI.,Brit.  Monarch.  Edin. 
1626,  4to.  2.  Psalmi  Davidis  et  Canticum  Solomonis,  La 
tino  Carmine  redditum,  MS.  3.  Major  Practicks.  4.  Mi 
nor  Practicks ;  or,  a  Treatise  of  the  Scotch  Law,  <fcc.,  editec 
by  J.  Spottiswood,  1726,  '34,  8vo.  A  valuable  work.  5 
Decisions.  6.  Paratitillo  in  universe  Juris  Corpore.  7.  A 
Genealogie  of  the  Earls  of  Mar,  MS.  There  are  severa 
of  his  MSS.  in  the  Advocates'  Library,  Edinburgh.  The 
Diary  of  his  Public  Correspondence,  1633-45,  was  pub.  by 
the  Bannatyne  Club,  1843,  4to.  See  Pinkerton's  Scottish 
Gallery;  Wood's  Account  of  the  Parish  of  Cramond 
Chambers  and  Thomson's  Biog.  Diet,  of  Eminent  Scots 
men. 


HOP 

Hopius  mira  inventione  pollebat,  totque  illi  fundebat  argtt- 
mento  ut  amplificatione  teinpus  deesset ;  non  ornabat,  sed  argue- 
iat,  modo  uniformi,  sed  sibi  proprio.  Nam  cum  argumentum  vel 
xceptionem  protulisset,  rationem  addebat ;  et  ubi  dubia  videba- 
ur,  rationis  rationem.  Ita  rhetorica  non  illi  defuit,  sed  inutilis 
pparuit." — SIR  GEORGE  MACKENZIE  :  Character?*  Advocatorum. 

Hope,  Thomas,  M.D.  1.  Operation  on  the  Eye; 
>hil.  Trans.,  1744.  2.  Daviel's  Method  of  Couching,  ibid., 
751. 

Hope,  Thomas,  d.  1831,  of  the  same  family  as  Sir 
Thomas  Hope,  (ante,)  was  one  of  the  three  brothers  of  this 
lame  well  known  as  wealthy  merchants  of  Amsterdam. 
Che  subject  of  our  notice  devoted  a  considerable  time, 
whilst  still  quite  young,  to  extensive  peregrinations  in 
various  parts  of  Europe,  Asia,  and  Africa,  and,  after  retir- 
ng  from  business,  purchased  two  spacious  mansions,  one 
n  Duchess  Street,  London,  and  the  other  ("Deepdene") 
n  the  vicinity  of  Dorking.  Thus  permanently  settled  in 
England,  Mr.  Hope  soon  rendered  his  residences  famous  as 
choice  galleries  of  the  finest  specimens  of  art.  The  reader 
will  find  an  account  of  Mr.  Hope's  town-mansion  in  Britton 
and  Pugin's  Public  Buildings  of  London,  and  in  West- 
macott's  Account  of  the  British  Galleries  of  Painting  and 
Sculpture.  For  a  description  of  "Deepdene,"  see  Aubrey's 
Perambulation  of  the  County  of  Surrey ;  Neale's  Seats  of 
Noblemen  and  Gentlemen ;  and  Prosser's  Views  in  Surrey. 
The  owner  of  all  this  magnificence  died  February  3, 1831, 
leaving  a  personal  property  of  £180,000.  To  give  some 
dea  of  the  vast  wealth  of  members  of  this  family,  we  may 
state  that  Henry  Philip  Hope,  a  brother  of  the  subject  of 
this  notice,  left  at  his  death,  in  1840,  a  collection  of  dia 
monds  and  other  precious  stones  valued  at  £150,000,  and 
an  income  of  £30,000  to  each  of  his  three  nephews.  A 
younger  member  of  this  family  has  within  the  last  few  years 
built  a  church  and  a  missionary-institution  iu  London  at  a 
cost  of  about  £70,000. 

Mr.  Hope's  love  of  the  fine  arts,  classical  enthusiasm, 
and  exquisite  perception  of  the  beautiful  in  articles  of 
use  as  well  as  in  the  appliances  of  luxury,  were  developed 
in  several  publications,  which  have  deservedly  given  him 
a  high  rank  as  an  author.  1.  A  Letter  addressed  to  F. 
Annesley,  Esq.,  on  a  Series  of  Designs  for  Downing  Col 
lege,  Cambridgeshire.  See  Lon.  Gent.  Mag.,  1831.  2. 
Household  Furniture  and  Internal  Decorations ;  executed 
from  Designs  by  the  Author,  Lon.,  1807,  r.  fol.,  £5  5«. 
Large  paper,  atlas  fol.,  £10  10s.  Pp.  173.  This  work 
was  unmercifully  handled  by  Lord  Jeffrey  in  the  Edin. 
Rev.,  x.  478-486. 

"  If  the  salvation  of  Europe  depended  on  Mr.  Hope's  eloquence, 
he  could  not  have  exerted  it  with  more  earnestness  and  anima 
tion  ;  and  we  are  convinced  that  neither  the  restorers  of  learning 
nor  the  reformers  of  religion  ever  spoke  of  their  subject  in  terms 
half  so  magnificent,  nor  of  their  own  abilities  with  such  studied 
and  graceful  modesty,  as  this  ingenious  person  has  here  done  in 
recommending  to  his  countrymen  a  better  form  for  their  lamps, 
sideboards,  and  cradles."— LORD  JEFFREY:  ubi  supra;  and  see 
Lon.  Month.  Rev.,  Iviii.  175-181. 

But,  notwithstanding  the  dread  reviewer's  wit,  this  work 
led  the  .way  to  a  complete  revolution  in  the  upholstery 
and  interior  decoration  of  houses : 

"  To  Mr.  Hope  we  are  indebted  in  an  eminent  degree  for  the 
classical  and  appropriate  style  which  now  generally  characterizes 
our  furniture  and  domestic  utensils." — Britten's  Union  of  Paint 
ing,  Scidpture,  and  Architecture. 

3.  The  Costume  of  the  Ancients.     Engravings  princi 
pally  by  H.  Moses,  1809,  r.  8vo;  large  paper,  4to;  2d  ed., 
with  about  300  plates,  1812,  2  vols.  8vo,  £2  2s. ;    large 
paper,  2  vols.  r.  4to,  £5  5s.      New  ed.,  with  about  340 
plates,  1841,  2  vols.  r.  8vo,  £2  12s.  6rf.     On  the  publica 
tion  of  this  expensive  work,  Mr.  Hope  sacrificed  £1000 
of  the  cost,  in  order  to  put  the  price  at  a  low  rate. 

"  The  substance  of  many  expensive  works,  containing  all  that 
may  be  necessary  to  give  to  artists,  and  even  to  dramatic  per 
formers,  and  to  others  engaged  in  classical  representations,  an 
idea  of  ancient  costumes  sufficiently  ample  to  prevent  their 
offending  in  their  performances  by  gross  and  obvious  blunders." 

4.  Designs  of  Modern  Costumes,  1812,  fol.     Engravings 
by  H.  Moses. 

"These  works  [Nos.  3  and  4]  evinced  a  profound  research  Into 
the  works  of  antiquity,  and  a  familiarity  with  all  that  is  graceful 
and  elegant."— Lon.  Gent.  Mag.,  April,  1831;  q.v.  for  an  interest 
ing  biography  of  Mr.  Hope. 

5.  Anastasius,  or  Memoirs  of  a  Modern  Greek,  written 
at  the  Close  of  the  Eighteenth  Century,  1819,  3  vols.  8vo ; 
3d  ed.,  1820,  3  vols.  8vo.  Anon.     Reprinted— Bentley's 
Standard  Novels,  5  and  52—1839,  2  vols.  12mo ;  again  in 
1849.    This  novel  is  of  the  school  of  Beckford  and  Byron  ; 
displaying  a  vivid   imagination,  remarkable  powers  of 
graphic  description,  a  cultivated  classical  taste,  and  a 
minute  accuracy  in  the  accounts  of  Eastern  climes  and 
Oriental  manners.     The  author  is,  however,  justly  to  be 
blamed  for  the  licentious  tone  so  often  obtruded  on  his 


HOP 


HOP 


readers.  As  the  work  appeared  anonymously,  the  author 
ship  was  for  some  time  a  matter  of  doubt.  A  writer  in 
Blackwood  (x.  200-206,  in  Familiar  Epistles  to  Christo 
pher  North,  Letter  11)  ridiculed  the  idea  of  Hope's  pro 
ducing  such  a  work  : 

"Mr.  Hope  is  a  very  respectable  and  decorous  gentleman,—  he 
can  write,  with  some  endeavour,  passably  about  chests  of  drawers, 
paper-hangings,  and  cushions  as.  soft  as  his  own  or  any  other 
brains;  but  that  he  has  either  the  courage  or  the  power  to  compile 
such  a  work  as  Anastasius,  I  utterly  and  entirely  deny.  ...  I 
would  call  your  attention  to  a  few  circumstances  that,  1  conceive 
you  will  allow,  constitute  strong  proofs  that  Anastasius  is  the 
production  of  Byron." 

This  Epistle  elicited  a  letter  from  Hope,  in  the  next 
number  of  the  Magazine,  (x.  312,)  in  which  he  claimed 
the  sole  authorship  of  ANASTASIUS.  See  also  Blackwood's 
Mag.,  xv.  51.  From  the  many  reviews  before  us,  by 
eminent  critics,  of  this  remarkable  medley  of  Oriental 
romance  and  classic  travel,  we  have  space  for  but  brief 
quotations  : 

"This  is  an  extraordinary  work  in  every  sense  of  that  word. 
....  It  seems  to  be  the  object  of  the  writer  to  unite  the  enter 
tainment  of  a  novel  with  the  information  of  a  book  of  travels. 
....  Anastasius  and  the  volumes  which  record  his  memoirs 
form  a  paradox  of  contradiction.  The  Greek  adventurer  is  acute 
and  dull,  generous  and  niggardly,  tender-hearted  and  cruel;  and 
the  book,  in  harmony  with  its  hero,  is  rational  and  absurd,  pro 
found  and  shallow,  amusing  and  tiresome,  to  a  degree  beyond 
what  we  should  have  thought  it  possible  to  achieve  in  the  same 
performance,  if  we  had  not  seen  it  exemplified  in  the  author  be 
fore  us."  —  WILLIAM  GIFFORD  :  Lon.  Quar.  Rev.,  xxiv.  511-529. 

"  Mr.  Hope  will  excuse  us,  —  but  we  could  not  help  exclaiming, 
in  reading  it,  '  Is  this  Mr.  Thomas  Hope?  —  Is  this  the  man  of 
chairs  and  tables  —  the  gentleman  of  sphinxes  —  the  (Edipus  of 
coal-boxes  —  he  who  meditated  on  muffineers  and  planned  pokers? 
—  Where  has  he  hidden  all  this  eloquence  and  poetry  up  to  this 
hour?  —  How  is  it  that  he  has,  all  of  a  sudden,  burst  out  into 
descriptions  which  would  not  disgrace  the.  pen  of  Tacitus  —  and 
displayed  a  depth  of  feeling,  and  a  vigour  of  imagination,  which 
Lord  Byron  could  not  excel?'  We  do  not  shrink  from  one  syl 
lable  of  this  eulogium.  The  work  now  before  us  places  him  at 
once  in  the  highest  list  of  eloquent  writers  and  of  superior  men. 
....  The  sum  of  our  eulogium  is  that  Mr.  Hope,  without  being 
very  successful  in  his  story,  or  remarkably  successful  in  the  delinea 
tion  of  character,  has  written  a  novel,  which  all  clever  people  of  a 
certain  age  should  read,  because  it  is  full  of  marvellously  fine 
things."—  SYDNEY  SMITH  :  Edin.  Rev.,  xxxv.  92-102  :  Works,  Lon., 
1854,  ii.  173-185. 

That  profound  classical  scholar  and  accomplished  belles- 
lettres  critic,  Edward  Everett,  of  Massachusetts,—  still, 
fortunately  for  our  national  reputation,  living  amongst  us 
in  the  maturity  of  his  extraordinary  powers,  and  hardly 
even  yet  become  "the  old  man  eloquent,"  —  wrote,  nearly 
forty  years  ago,  for  the  columns  of  the  North  American 
Review,  an  elaborate  review  of  Anastasius,  which  choice 
piece  of  criticism  we  beg  to  commend  to  the  perusal  of  our 
readers.  As  regards  the  work  reviewed,  we  can  hardly 
advise  so  general  a  perusal. 

In  the  words  of  Mr.  Everett  : 

"  We  are  afraid  to  recommend  the  book  itself  to  indiscriminate 
perusal.  Some  parts  are  dull  and  some  offensive;  and  the  whole 
of  it  requires  more  geographical  knowledge,  to  be  read  under- 
standingly,  than  can  be  supposed  to  be  in  the  possession  of 
general  readers.  For,  notwithstanding  what  we  have  said  of  the 
elevated  character  of  the  novel-writing  of  the  present  day,  we 
presume  no  one  reads  a  novel  with  a  map.  Without  a  very  good 
map,  Anastasius  will  be  unintelligible.  .  .  .  The  author  has  occa 
sionally  indulged  in  a  licentiousness  equally  immoral  and  dis- 

Sisting."—  N.  Amer.  Rev.,  Oct.  1820,  xi.  271-306.     See  also  Lon. 
onth.  Rev.,  xci.  1,  131  ;  Edin.  Month.  Kev.,  iv.  423. 
"Hope  has  a  pure  and  a  quick  fancy,  and  maintains  the  spirit 
and  manner  of  his  characters  with  remarkable  consistency  and 
truth.  _.  .  .  The  faults  of  the  work  are  twofold  :   the  chief  cha 
racter  is  a  cold-hearted  scoundrel,  whom  we  loathe  from  our  soul; 
and  the  language  is  neither  prose  nor  poetry,  but  a 

"  «  Babylonish  dialect 
Which  learned  pedants  most  affect.'  " 
ALLAN  CUNNINGHAM:  Biog.  and  Grit.  Hist,  of  the  Lit.  of  the  Last 

Fifty  Years. 

We  have  seen  that  Lord  Byron  generally  obtained  the 
credit  of  the  authorship  of  Anastasius  : 


T  nastasi  us  first  made  its  appearance,  everybody  thought 

If!  Byro,n  was  taking  to  write  prose;  for  there  was  no  living 
author  but  Lord  Byron  supposed  capable  of  having  written  such 
a  book.  When  Byron  denied  the  work,  (and,  in  fact,  his  lordship 
could  not  have  written  it,)  people  looked  about  again,  and  won- 

*  ui°i!^l  *Ut*°r  could  **•  '  '  '  The  book  was  absolutely  cram 
med  with  bold  incidents  and  brilliant  descriptions,  with  historical 
details,  given  in  a  style  which  Hume  or  Gibbon  could  scarcely  have 
surpassed,  and  with  analysis  of  human  character  and  impulse, 

? 


Such  being  the  character  of  the  work,  we  need  not  be 
surprised  that  Lord  Byron  was  not  offended  with  the  im 
putation  of  its  authorship : 

"Byron  spoke  to-day  in  terms  of  high  commendation  of  Hope's 

Anastasius;  said  that  he  wept  bitterly  over  many  pages  of  it  and 

for  two  reasons :— first,  that  he  had  not  written  it,  and  secondly 

that  Hope  had;  for  that  it  was  necessary  to  like  a  man  excessively 

884 


to  pardon  his  writing  such  a  book.— a  book,  as  he  said,  excelling 
all  recent  productions  as  much  iu  wit  and  talent  as  in  true  pathos. 
He  added  that  he  would  have  given  his  two  most  approved  poeuis 
to  have  been  the  author  of  Anastasius." — Countess  of  Blessington's 
Conversations  with  Lord  Byron. 

At  the  time  of  his  death  Mr.  Hope  left  two  works  in 
MSS.,  which  were  subsequently  given  to  the  world,  viz. : 

6.  An  Essay  on  the  Origin  and  Prospects  of  Man,  1831, 
3  vols.  8vo.     This  work  affords  a  striking  illustration  of 
the  absurdities  into  which  chimerical  speculations  and  the 
vagaries  of  an  unbalanced  imagination  will  hurry  men 
whose  education  and  opportunities  would  have  promised 
better  things.     Mr.  Hope,  whilst  discarding  the  authority 
of  the  Holy  Scriptures,  offers  us  instead  of  them  the  un 
supported  excogitations  of  his  own  not  very  sober  brain. 
He  professes,  indeed,  to  believe  the  Bible — just  so  far  as 
he  finds  it  to  consist  with  his  own  notions  of  truth.     But 
the  folly  and  incongruity  of  the  author's  speculations  have 
been  so  well  exposed  by  Robert  Southey,  in  his  letter  to 
Henry  Taylor  of  July  15,  1851,  (see  Southey's  Life  and 
Correspondence,)  that  we  may  be  excused  from  lingering 
on  the  subject.     A  review  of  the  work — of  about  as  little 
value  as  the  book  itself— will  be  found  in  the  Lon.  Month. 
Rev.  for  July,  1831,  390-405. 

7.  An  Historical  Essay  on  Architecture ;  illustrated  by 
Drawings  made  by  him  in  Italy  and  Germany,  1835,  2 
vols.  8vo;  3d  ed.,  1840,  2  vols.  r.  8vo,  99  Plates,  £2  :  Ana 
lytical  Index  to,  by  Edward  Cresy,  r.  8vo,  6s.     An  elabo 
rate  review  of  this  work  will  be  found  in  Lon.  Gent.  Mag. 
for  June,  1835.     The  critic  styles  Hope's  Essay 

"The  most  comprehensive  elucidation  of  the  architecture  of  the 
Middle  Ages  which  has  ever  appeared  in  this  country." 

Hope,  Thomas  Charles,  M.D.,  Professor  of  Che 
mistry  in  the  Univ.  of  Edinburgh.  1.  Tentamen  Inaug. 
quaedam  de  Planetarum  Motibus  et  Vita,  complectens, 
Edin.,  1787,  8vo.  2.  On  Strontian  Earth,  1793,  4to.  3. 
Con.  on  nat,  philos.,  Ac.  to  Trans.  Soc.,  Edin.,  1796, 1805 ; 
Nic.  Jour.,  1803,  '05. 

Hope,  Sir  William,  Bart.  1.  Complete  Fencing- 
Master,  Lon.,  1691,  12mo;  1692,  8vo.  2.  Swordsman's 
Vade-Mecum,  1694,  12mo.  3.  New  Method  of  Fencing, 
Edin.,  1707,  '14,  4to.  4.  Self-Defence,  1724,  8vo.  5.  Trans, 
of  Solleysell's  Compleat  Horseman,  1696,  fol.  j  1717,  fol. 
Abridged,  1711,  8vo. 

Hope,  William,  M.D.,  Operative  Chemist.  The 
Practical  Chemist's  Pocket  Guide,  Lon.,  1839,  32uio. 

*'  To  those  who  wish  to  acquire  a  general  knowledge  of  Chemistry, 
we  most  cordially  recommend  this  pocket  manual." — Liverpool 
Standard. 

Hopkins.  A  Large  Bone  of  the  Stag  Kind;  Phil. 
Trans.,  1752. 

Hopkins,  Benjamin,  Curate  of  Key  worth,  Notts, 
Perpetual  Curate  of  Barbon.  Serms.,  Lon.,  1838  ;  2d  ed., 
Lon.,  1838,  8vo;  1841,  '42. 

"  Useful  additions  to  the  stock  of  domestic  sermons." — REV.  R. 
WILSON  EVANS. 

Hopkins,  Charles,  1664-1699,  a  son  of  Bishop  Eze- 
kiel  Hopkins,  was  a  native  of  Exeter,  and  educated  at 
Trinity  College,  Dublin,  and  Queen's  College,  Cambridge. 
1.  Epistolary  Poems  and  Translations,  1694.  In  Nichols's 
Collection.  2.  Pyrrhus,  King  of  Egypt  j  a  Trag.,  Lon., 
1695,  4to.  3.  The  Hist,  of  Love;  from  Ovid,  1695.  4. 
Art  of  Love.  5.  Boadicea,  Queen  of  Britain;  a  Trag., 
1697,  4to.  6.  Friendship  Improved;  a  Trag.,  1697,  1700, 
4to.  See  Jacobs's  Lives ;  Biog.  Dramat. ;  Nichols's  Poems. 
Hopkins,  David,  of  the  Bengal  Medical  Establish 
ment,  d.  at  Samarang,  in  the  island  of  Java,  1814.  1.  The 
Dangers  of  British  India,  1809,  '13,  8vo.  2.  A  Vocabu 
lary  of  Persian,  Arabic,  and  English ;  abridged  from  Dr. 
C.  Wilkins's  ed.  of  Richardson's  Dictionary. 

Hopkins,  Rev.  Erastus,  b.  1810,  at  Hadley,  Mass., 
settled  three  years  in  South  Carolina,  and  four  years  in 
Troy,  New  York,  was  for  seven  years  President  of  the 
Connecticut  River  Railroad  Company,  and  has  represented 
the  town  of  Northampton  in  the  Massachusetts  Legislature 
for  seven  years  out  of  the  last  ten.  He  is  the  author  of 
The  Family  a  Religious  Institution,  Troy,  1840  ;  a  num 
ber  of  Political  Speeches,  Reports,  <fcc. ;  and  some  articles 
in  the  political  and  religious  periodicals  of  the  day. 

Hopkins,  Ezekiel,  1633-1690,  a  native  of  Sandford, 
Devonshire,  educated  at  Magdalen  College,  Oxford,  became 
minister  of  St.  Mary  Woolnoth,  London,  and  subsequently 
of  St.  Mary's,  Exeter;  Dean  of  Raphoe,  1669;  Bishop  of 
Raphoe,  1671;  trans,  to  Londonderry,  1681.  In  1688  he 
was  driven  from  his  diocese  by  the  forces  under  the  Earl 
of  Tyrconnel;  and,  taking  refuge  in  London,  he  was  elected 
minister  of  Alderrnanbury  in  September,  1689,  and  there 
remained  until  his  death,  June  22,  1690.  His  writings  are 
greatly  admired  even  by  those  who  do  not  share  his  Cal- 


HOP 


HOP 


Vinistic  doctrines.  1.  Treatise  of  the  Vanity  of  the  World, 
1663.  2.  Funl.  Serm.,  1668.  3.  Funl.  Serm.,  1671.  4. 
Death  Disarmed  of  its  Sting,  &c.,  1679,  1712,  8vo.  Nos. 
1,  2,  and  3  were  reprinted  (2d  ed.)  in  1  vol.  8vo,  in  1685. 
5.  Serins,  on  Several  Scriptures,  1691,  vol.  ii.,  1693 ;  Hi., 
1694;  iv.,  1696,  all  8vo.  6.  Expos,  on  the  Lord's  Prayer, 
with  some  Sertns.,  1692,  '98,  8vo.  7.  Expos,  on  the  Ten 
Commandments,  with  other  Serms.,  1692,  4to.  8.  Expos, 
on  the  Ten  Commandments,  with  the  Expos,  of  the  Lord's 
Prayer ;  and  other  Serms.,  1692,  4to,  pp.  822.  9.  Whole 
Works,  now  first  collected,  1701,  fol.  The  two  following 
8vo  vols.,  first  pub.  from  the  author's  MSS.  in  1712,  are 
necessary  to  complete  the  fol.  of  1701.  10.  Doctrine  of 
the  Two  Covenants,  &c.  11.  Doctrine  of  the  Two  Sacra 
ments,  <fec.  Watt  (Bibl.  Brit.)  says  that  there  was  another 
fol.  ed.  in  1710;  but  this  is  disputed.  If  not,  there  was  no 
ed.  later  than  that  of  1701,  until  the  appearance  of  the 
Rev.  Josiah  Pratt's  ed.  of  1809,  4  vols.  8vo,  £1  16s.;  large 
paper,  4  vols.  r.  8vo,  £2  10*.  New  ed.,  with  a  Memoir  of 
the  Author,  1841,  r.  8vo,  18». ;  also,  with  a  General  Index 
of  Texts  and  Subjects,  1841,  2  vols.  r.  8vo,  £1  4«.  An 
other  ed.,  1843,  2  vols.  r.  8vo,  £1  la.  There  have  been 
recent  edits,  of  a  number  of  Bp.  Hopkins's  works,  pub. 
separately;  and  in  1827  the  Rev.  W.  Wilson,  D.D.,  pub.  a 
Selection  from  the  Works  of  Bishop  Hopkins,  with  a  brief 
Sketch  of  his  Life,  Lon.,  I8mo. 

"Hopkins's  motto,  aut  suaviter  aut  vi,  well  answered  his  works  ; 
yet  he  trusted  most  to  the  latter,  awakening  men  awfully ;  yet 
sometimes  he  bent  the  bow  till  it  broke : — an  error  greatly  to  be 
guarded  against" — DR.  DODDRIDGE. 

"  He  was  one  of  the  last  of  that  race  of  sound  divines  to  which 
the  Reformation  gave  birth,  and  who,  in  uninterrupted  succession, 
had  maintained  in  the  episcopal  chair  the  genuine  doctrines  of  the 
Scripture  and  the  English  church.  .  .  .  Four  excellencies  appear  to 
me  to  be  combined  in  him  as  a  writer.  In  doctrine  he  is  sound 
and  discriminating ;  in  style  rich  and  harmonious ;  in  illustration 
apt  and  forcible ;  and  in  application  awakening  and  persuasive." — 
REV.  JOSIAH  PRATT. 

"  His  Works  form  of  themselves  a  sound  body  of  divinity,  with 
some  of  the  faults  of  the  day  in  artificial  distinctions  and  divi 
sions.  He  is  clear,  vehement,  and  persuasive." — Bickersteth's  C.  S. 

"  Whatever  be  the  nature  of  the  subject  on  which  he  treats,  his 
hand  is  instinctively  seen  to  be  that  of  a  master:  throughout  we 
find  a  strength  of  thought,  an  originality  of  illustration,  a  force 
and  felicity  of  style,  a  homely  raciness  of  expression,  which  com 
mand  perpetual  attention." — Lon.  Witness. 

"In  Hopkins  we  are  struck  with  the  use  of  strong  and  forcible 
imagery  in  the  illustration  of  his  positions.  His  style  is  plain, 
familiar,  and  perspicuous,  and  yet  withal  forcible  and  nervous. 
His  chief  excellence  is  that  he  can  be  plain  and  energetic  almost 
at  the  same  time.  We  recommend  him  strongly  to  the  younger 
clergy."— Lon.  Chris.  Observ. 

"The  fervent  and  affectionate  Hopkins." — REV.  JAMES  HERVET. 

"Bishop  Hopkins,  for  his  excellency  in  that  noble  faculty  [of 
preaching]  was  celebrated  by  all  men.  He  was  followed  and  ad 
mired  in  all  places  where  he  lived,  and  was  justly  esteemed  one 
of  the  best  preachers  of  our  age,  and  his  discourses  always  smelt 
of  the  lamp:  they  were  very  elaborate  and  well  digested." — 
Prince's  Worthies  of  Devon. 

Hopkins,  H.  W.     Serm.,  Lon.,  1796,  8vo. 

Hopkins,  John,  b.  1675,  a  son  of  Bishop  Ezekiel 
Hopkins.  1.  The  Triumphs  of  Peace,  or  The  Glories  of 
Nassau ;  a  Pindaric  Poem,  1698.  2.  The  Victory  of  Death  ; 
a  Pindaric  Poem,  1698,  8vo.  3.  Amasia,  or  The  Works  of 
the  Muses;  a  Collection  of  Poems,  1700,  3  vols.  This  is 
his  principal  performance.  See  Nichols's  Poems ;  Chal 
mers's  Biog.  Diet. 

Hopkins,  John,  the  principal  successor  of  Thomas 
Sternhold  in  versifying  the  Psalms  of  David,  was  admitted 
A.B.  at  Oxford  in  1544,  and  is  supposed  to  have  been  sub 
sequently  a  clergyman  and  schoolmaster  in  Suffolk.  He 
versified  fifty-eight  of  the  Psalms,  which  bear  his  initials. 
The  complete  version  was  first  printed  (by  John  Day)  in 
1562,  4to,  though  portions  had  appeared  before. 

"Of  his  abilities  as  a  teacher  of  the  classics,  he  has  left  a  speci 
men  in  some  Latin  stanzas  prefixed  to  Fox's  MARTYROLOGY.  He  is 
rather  a  better  English  poet  than  Sternhold."—  Warton't  Hist,  of 
Eng.  Poet.,  q.  v. 

See  also  Athen.  Oxon ;  Heylin's  Hist,  of  the  Reform. ; 
Hawkins  and  Burney's  Hist  of  Music ;  Chalmers's  Biog. 
Diet,  and  authorities  there  cited;  Cotton's  edits,  of  the 
Bible,  <fcc. ;  Disraeli's  Curiosities  of  Lit.;  STERNHOLD, 
THOMAS,  in  this  Dictionary. 

Hopkins,  John  Henry,  D.D.,  b.  in  Dublin,  Ireland, 
Jan.  30,  1792,  emigrated  to  the  United  States,  August, 
1800;  educated  chiefly  in  Philadelphia;  admitted  to  the 
Pittsburg  Bar,  1817 ;  ordained  deacon  in  the  Protestant 
Episcopal  Church,  1823 ;  ordained  priest,  1824 ;  Rector 
of  Trinity  Church,  Pittsburg,  1823-31,  in  which  year  he 
removed  to  Boston  as  assistant  minister  of  Trinity  Church; 
consecrated  (the  first)  Bishop  of  Vermont,  1832.  1.  Chris 
tianity  Vindicated,  Burlington,  Vt,  1833,  12mo.  2.  The 
Primitive  Creed  Examined  and  Explained,  1834,  12mo. 


3.  The  Primitive  Church  compared  with  the  Prot.  Epis. 
Church  of  the  Present  Day,  1835,  12mo ;  2d  ed.,  revised 
and  improved,  1836,  12mo.  4.  Essay  on  Gothic  Archi 
tecture,  1836,  r.  4to.  5.  The  Church  of  Rome  in  her 
Primitive  Purity  compared  with  the  Church  of  Rome  of 
the  Present  Day,  1837,  12mo;  Lon.,  with  an  Introduc.  by 
Rev.  Henry  Melvill,  1839,  p.  Svo.  6.  The  Novelties  which 
disturb  our  Peace,  Phila.,  1844,  12mo;  2d  ed.,  1845,  12mo. 

7.  Sixteen  Lects.  on  the  British  Reformation,  1844,  12mo. 

8.  The  Hist,  of  the  Confessional,  N.  York,  1850,  12mo.     9. 
The  End   of  Controversy  Controverted :  a  Refutation  of 
Milner's  End  of  Controversy ;  in  a  series  of  Letters  ad 
dressed  to  the  Roman  Archbishop  [Kenrick]  of  Baltimore, 
1854,  2  vols.  12mo,  pp.  918.     This  work  is  presumed  to 
have  been  elicited  by  a  recommendation  some  years  since 
from  Archbishop  (then  Bishop)  Kenrick  to  all  Protestant 
clergymen  to  read  Milner's  End  of  Controversy.     Arch 
bishop  Kenrick  has  recently  pub.,  in  answer  to  Bishop 
Hopkins's  work,  A  Vindication  of  the  Catholic  Church ; 
in  a  Series  of  Letters  addressed  to  the  Rt.  Rev.  John 
Henry  Hopkins,  Protestant  Episcopal  Bishop  of  Vermont, 
Bait,  1855,  12mo,  pp.  334.      10.  The  Vermont  Drawing- 
Book  of  Landscapes ;  for  the  Use  of  Schools  :  Six  Nos.  of 
Lithographs,   Burlington,  Vt,  1838.      11.  Sacred  Songs, 
Words,  and  Music,  for  the  Use  of  Christian  Families,  Lon. 
and   N.  York,  1839.      In  addition  to  the  works  noticed 
above,  this  learned  and  excellent  prelate — distinguished 
for  his  Christian  activity  and  zeal — has  given  to  the  world 
about  thirty  occasional  Sermons,  Letters,  Discourses,  Ad 
dresses,  <fce. 

Hopkins,  Joseph.  Accoucheur's  Vade-Mecum, 
1814,  12mo. 

Hopkins,  Lemuel,  M.D.,  1750-1801,  a  descendant 
of  Governor  Hopkins,  of  Connecticut,  a  native  of  Water- 
bury,  Conn.,  practised  medicine  from  1776  to  1784  at 
Litchfield,  and  from  1784  to  1801  at  Hartford.  He  wrote 
a  number  of  poetical  pieces,  and  was  an  associate  with 
Truinbull,  Barlow,  Alsop,  and  others,  in  the  composition 
of  The  Anarchiad,  (pub.  in  the  Connecticut  Magazine, 
1786-87,)  The  Echo,  Political  Green-House,  The  Guil 
lotine,  and  other  productions.  See  Thacher's  Med.  Biog.  ; 
Kettell's  Spec,  of  Amer.  Poetry,  i.  272-284;  Everest's 
Poets  of  Connecticut;  Duyckincks'  Cyc.  of  Amer.  Lit 
Among  Hopkins's  best-known  pieces  are  The  Hypocrite's 
Hope,  and  Elegy  on  the  Victim  of  a  Cancer  Quack.  The 
88th  Psalm  in  Barlow's  collection  was  versified  by  him. 

Hopkins,  Louisa  Payson,  b.  1812,  at  Portland, 
Maine,  a  daughter  of  the  Rev.  Edward  Payson,  D.D.,  emi 
nent  for  his  piety,  was  married  to  Prof.  Albert  Hopkins 
in  1842.  Mrs.  Hopkins  is  the  author  of  a  number  of 
works,  written  some  before  and  some  since  her  marriage, 
intended  for  the  benefit  of  the  young.  1.  The  Pastor's 
Daughter,  N.  York,  18mo.  2.  Lessons  on  the  Book  of 
Proverbs,  Bost  3.  The  Young  Christian  Encouraged,  N. 
York,  18mo.  Repub.,  Hartford,  18mo.  4.  Henry  Lang- 
don  ;  or,  What  was  I  Made  For?  N.  York,  1846,  18mo. 
Repub.,  Hartford,  18mo.  5.  The  Guiding  Star;  or,  The 
Bible  God's  Message :  a  sequel  to  Henry  Langdon,  Bost, 
1851,  18mo.  6.  The  Silent  Comforter;  a  Companion  for 
the  Sick-Room.  A  compilation.  7.  Payson's  Thoughts. 
A  compilation.  She  has  also  composed  several  Question- 
Books  for  the  Mass.  S.  S.  Union,  and  contributed  articles 
to  Kitto's  Biblical  Cyclopaedia,  The  New  York  Review,  Ac. 
Mrs.  Hopkins's  writings  have  been  commended  in  the 
highest  terms. 

Hopkins,  Mark,  D.D.,  M.D.,  a  Presbyterian  divine, 
b.  1802,  at  Stockbridge,  Mass.,  and  educated  at  Williams 
College,  subsequently  studied  medicine,  and  received  the 
degree  of  M.D.  in  1828;  Professor  of  Moral  Philosophy 
and  Rhetoric  in  Williams  College,  1830-36 ;  President  of 
Williams  College  from  Sept.  15,  1836,  to  the  present  time. 
1.  Lects.  on  the  Evidences  of  Christianity,  before  the 
Lowell  Institute,  delivered  in  Jan.  1844;  pub.,  Bost, 
1846,  Svo.  2.  Miscellaneous  Essays  and  Reviews,  1847, 
8vo.  Contents :  I.  Paper  originally  pub.  in  Amer.  Jour, 
of  Science  and  Arts,  April,  1828 ;  II.,  III.  Papers  in 
Amer.  Quar.  Observer,  Oct.  1833,  and  Oct.  1834;  IV.  Paper 
in  Biblical  Repository,  Oct.  1835.  Dr.  Hopkins  has  also 
pub.  separately  seven  Sermons,  Discourses,  &e.  He  enjoys 
the  reputation  of  being  an  efficient  president  and  an  able 
instructor ;  and  Williams  College  has  greatly  prospered 
under  his  paternal  jurisdiction.  See  Princeton  Review, 
xviii.  359;  New  Englander,  (by  N.  Porter,  Jr.,)  iv.  401; 
Chris.  Exam.,  (by  G.  B.  Emerson,)  xxx.340;  Chris.  Exam., 
(by  E.  Peabody,)  xli.  216. 

Hopkins,  Marmaduke.     Serm.,  Lon.,  1689,  4to. 

Hopkins,  Matthew.     The  Discovery  of  Witches, 


HOP 


HOP 


Lon.,  1647,  4to,  pp.  10.     See  Lon.  Betrosp.  Rev.,  v.  86- 
136 ;  Hudibras,  Pt.  2,  canto  iii. 

Hopkins,  Richard.  1.  Trans,  from  the  Spanish  of 
a  work  on  Prayer  and  Meditation,  1582,  8vo  ;  Lon.,  1592, 
24mo.  2.  Trans,  from  the  Spanish  of  a  work  entit.  A  Me- 
moriall  of  a  Christian  Life,  Rouen,  1599,  8vo. 

Hopkins,  Samuel,  d.  1755,  minister  of  West  Spring 
field,  Mass.,  graduated  at  Yale  College  in  1718,  and  was 
ordained  in  1720.  Historical  Memoirs  relating  to  Housa- 
tunnuk  Indians,  1753,  4to. 

Hopkins,  Samuel,  D.D.,  1721-1803,  a  descendant 
of  Governor  Hopkins  of  Connecticut,  and  the  founder  of 
the  Hopkinsonian  school  of  divinity,  was  a  native  of 
Waterbury,  Conn.,  graduated  at  Yale  College  in  1741, 
studied  theology  under  the  celebrated  Jonathan  Edwards,  ' 
was  ordained  in  1743,  and  was  subsequently  stationed 
successively  at  Great  Barrington,  Newport,  R.I.,  New-v 
buryport,  Canterbury,  Stamford,  and  again,  in  1780,  at 
Newport,  where  he  remained  until  his  death  in  1803.  His 
theological  views  were  given  to  the  world  in  his  System 
of  Doctrines  contained  in  Divine  Revelation  explained 
and  defended,  Bost.,  1793,  2  vols.  8vo ;  1811,  2  vols.  8vo; 
and  in  collective  ed.  of  his  works,  Phila.,  1853,  3  vols.  8vo. 
"  The  celebrity  of  the  author,  who,  with  Edwards  and  Bellamy, 
completes  the  American  triumvirate  of  eminent  writers  in  the 
game  strain  of  divinity,  would  have  rendered  this  work  much 
more  popular  and  useful,  had  he  kept  clear  of  a  bold  and  grating 
statement, — that  '  God  has  foreordained  all  the  moral  evil  which 
does  take  place,'  and  which  he  endeavours  to  defend  with  more 
ingenuity  than  success." — Dr.  E.  Williams's  C.  P. 

"  Hopkins  sought  to  add  to  the  five  points  of  Calvinism  the 
rather  heterogeneous  ingredient  that  holiness  consists  in  pure,  dis 
interested  benevolence,  and  that  all  regard  for  self  is  necessarily 
sinful."— HildretKs  Hist,  of  tJie  U.  States,  ed.  1854,  ii.  579. 

Hopkins  also  pub.  a  number  of  occasional  serms.  and 
theolog.  treatises,  <fcc.,  1759-83;  The  Life  of  Susan  An 
thony,  1796;  new  ed.,  1830,  12mo;  The  Life  of  Mrs.  Os- 
born,  1798;  a  vol.  of  Serms.,  1803  ;  and  left  Sketches  of  his 
life,  and  two  theolog.  tracts ;  the  three  last-named  were  pub. 
by  Dr.  West,  of  Stockbridge,  in  1805.  A  collective  ed.  of 
his  Works,  including  his  System  of  Doctrines,  with  a  Me 
moir  of  his  Life  and  Character,  was  pub.  by  the  Doct.  Tract 
and  Book  Soc.,  Phila.,  1853,  3  vols.  8vo.  See  Sketches 
of  his  Life,  Works,  1853,  3  vols.  8vo;  Whittier's  Old 
Portraits  and  Modern  Sketches;  Allen's  Amer.  Biog. 
Diet. ;  W.  E.  Channing's  Works ;  Chris.  Exam.,  xxxiii.  169. 
Hopkins,  Samuel.  The  Youth  of  the  Old  Dominion, 
Bost.,  1856.  This  work  professes  to  be  based  upon  his 
torical  facts : 

"  Any  one  familiar  with  the  annals  of  Youthful  Virginia  will 
here  recognise,  it  is  believed,  a  scrupulous  regard  to  historic 
truth."— Author's  Preface. 

Very  favourably  noticed  in  Putnam's  Magazine  for 
July,  1856. 

Hopkins,  Samuel  M.  Reports  of  Cases  in  the  Ct. 
of  Chancery  in  N.  York,  1823-26,  N.  York,  1827,  8vo.  See 
2  U.  S.  L.  J.,  282. 

Hopkins,  Stephen,  1707-1785,  one  of  the  signers 
of  the  American  Declaration  of  Independence,  was  a  na 
tive  of  Scituate,  Rhode  Island ;  Chief-Justice  of  the  Su- 
ferior  Court,  1751  to   1754;    Governor  of  Rhode  Island, 
755  to  1768,  with  the  exception  of  four  years ;  Member 
of  the  American  Congress,  1774  to  1779.  1.  The  Grievances 
of  the  American   Colonies  candidly  Examined ;  printed 
by  Authority  at  Providence,  R.  Island;  also  Lon.,  1765, 
8vo. 

"A  modest  yet  pathetic  recital  of  the  hardships  laid  on  our 
American  brethren  by  the  Stamp  Act." — Lon.  Month.  Rev. 

2.  An  Account  of  Providence,  R.  Island;  in  2  Hist. 
Collec.,  ix.  166-203. 

Hopkins,  Thomas.  Bank  Notes  the  cause  of  the 
disappearance  of  Guineas,  1811,  8vo. 

Hopkins,  William.  The  Flying  Penman,  Lon. 
1674,  12mo. 

Hopkins,  William,  1647-1700,  a  native  of  Eves- 
ham,  Worcestershire,  educated  at  Trin.  Coll.,  Oxf. ;  Preb, 
of  Worcester,  1675  ;  Curate  of  Mortlake,  Surrey,  1678 ; 
Lecturer  of  St.  Lawrence,  Jewry,  about  1680;  Vicar  of 
Lindridge,  1686 ;  Master  of  St.  Oswald's  Hospital,  Wor- 
cester,  1697.  1.  Serm.,  1683,  4to.  2.  Bartram,  or  Rartram 
on  the  Body  and  Blood  of  the  Lord;  2d  ed.,  1688.  3 
Animad.  on  Johnson's  Answer  to  Jovian,  Lon.,  1691,  8vo 
4.  Latin  Trans.,  with  Notes,  of  a  Saxon  tract  on  the  Bu 
rial-Places  of  the  Saxon  Saints,  pub.  in  Hickes's  Sep 
tentrional  Grammar,  Oxf.,  1705.  5.  Seventeen  Serms. 
with  Life  by  Dr.  Geo.  Hickes,  D.D.,  Lon.,  1708,  8vo. 

Hopkins,  William,  1706-1786,  an  Arian  writer 
a  clergyman  of  the  Church  of  England,  a  native  of 
Monmouth,  was  entered  at  All-Souls  College,  Oxf.,  1724 


Vicar  of  Bolney,  Sussex,  1731;  Master  of  the  Grammar 
School  of  Cuckfield,  1756 ;  Curate  of  Slaugham,  1766.  He 
pub.  several  anonymous  pamphlets  against  compulsory 
subscription  to  the  XXXIX.  Articles,  <fcc.,  but  is  best 
known  by  the  following  work :  Exodus :  a  corrected 
Translation,  with  Notes  Critical  and  Explanatory,  Lon., 
1784,  4to. 

"The  chief  value  of  this  translation  is,  that  it  gives  all  the  ad 
ditions  and  variations  of  the  Samaritan  and  Septuagint.  The 
author's  heterodoxy  is  offensively  avowed,  both  in  the  preface  and 
notes." — Orme's  Bibl.  Bib. 

"  The  translator  has,  in  general,  executed  his  task  with  fidelity." 
—HorneSs  Bibl.  Bib. 

"  In  the  notes  we  meet  with  little  that  can  gratify  the  taste  of 
critical  and  curious  readers;  and  his  severe  reflections  on  the 
Articles  and  Liturgy  of  the  Church  of  England  might  well  have 
)een  spared  in  a  work  of  this  nature."— ion.  Month.  Rev.,  O.  S., 
xxii.  412. 

Hopkinson,  Francis,  1737-1791,  a  native  of  Phila 
delphia,  the  son  of  Thomas  Hopkinson,  an  Englishman, 
was  educated  at  the  college  (now  the  University  of  Penn 
sylvania)  in  Philadelphia,  and  subsequently  studied  law. 
[n  1765  we  find  him  in  England,  where  he  resided  for  two 
ears,  settling,  on  his  return,  at  Bordentown,  New  Jersey, 
rhere  he  married  Miss  Ann  Borden.  In  1776  he  repre 
sented  New  Jersey  in  the  American  Congress,  and  was 
ne  of  the  signers  of  the  Declaration  of  Independence. 
He  held  for  a  number  of  years  an  appointment  in  the 
Loan-Office.  In  1779  he  was  made  Judge  of  the  Admi 
ralty  in  Pennsylvania,  and  in  1790  was  appointed,  by 
President  Washington,  Judge  of  the  District  Court  of  the 
United  States.  He  died  May  9,  1791,  of  an  attack  of 
apoplexy.  He  was  the  author  of  a  number  of  poems, 
political  pamphlets,  essays,  and  many  admirable  jeux- 
i'esprit  on  the  prominent  topics  of  the  day.  Among  the 
best-known  of  his  poems  are  The  Treaty,  The  Battle  of 
the  Kegs,  A  Morning  Hymn,  An  Evening  Hymn, 
Description  of  a  Church,  Science,  A  Camp  Ballad, 
and  The  New  Roof.  Of  his  satirical  pieces  we  may 
instance  The  Typographical  Mode  of  Conducting  a 
Quarrel,  Thoughts  on  the  Diseases  of  the  Mind,  Essay 
on  White-Washing,  and  Modern  Learning.  Few  pens 
of  the  day  effected  more  than  Hopkinson's  in  edu 
cating  the  American  people  for  political  independence. 
The  brevity,  wit,  and  vivacity  of  his  pieces  gave  them 
portability,  currency,  and  popular  favour.  Of  this  class 
— the  most  important — of  his  writings  we  may  spe 
cify  The  Pretty  Story,  1774;  The  Prophecy,  1776;  The 
Political  Catechism,  1777.  But  the  collector  of  Ame 
rican  History  (a  large  class  these  collectors  have  now 
become!)  must  secure  for  his  shelves,  if  he  can,  (which 
is  more  than  doubtful,)  The  Miscellaneous  Essays  and 
Occasional  Writings  of  Francis  Hopkinson,  Phila.,  pub. 
by  Dobson,  1792,  3  vols.  8vo.  A  number  of  papers  by 
Hopkinson  will  be  found  in  Aitkin's  Pennsylvania  Maga 
zine,  and  in  Trans.  Amer.  Soc.,  ii.  159;  iii.  183,  185,  239, 
331.  See  Allen's  Amer.  Biog.  Diet. ;  Lives  of  the  Signers ; 
Massachusetts  Mag.,  iii.  750-783;  Amer.  Mus.,  iii.  165; 
ix.  39 ;  Duyckincks'  Cyc.  of  Amer.  Lit. ;  Notes  on  the 
Provincial  Lit.  of  Penna.,  by  Thomas  I.  Wharton,  read  at 
a  Meeting  of  the  Council  of  the  Hist.  Soc.  of  Penn.,  Sept. 
21, 1825;  Delaplaine's  Repository;  Works  of  John  Adams; 
and  other  works  of,  and  connected  with,  the  Revolutionary 
times. 

"  A  poet,  a  wit,  a  patriot,  a  chemist,  a  mathematician,  and  a 
judge  of  the  admiralty ;  his  character  was  composed  of  a  happy 
union  of  qualities  and  endowments  commonly  supposed  to  be 
discordant;  and,  with  the  humour  of  Swift  and  Rabelais,  he  was 
always  found  on  the  side  of  virtue  and  social  order." — THOMAS  I. 
WHARTON:  ubi  supra. 

Hopkinson,  John,  a  native  of  England.  Synopsis" 
Paradisii,  Lugd.  Bat.,  1593,  4to.  Et  vide  Ugolinus  The 
saurus  Antiquitatum  Sacrarum,  Venet.,  1744-69,  (34  vols. 
fol..)  torn.  vii.  607. 

Hopkinson,  Joseph,  LL.D.,  1770-1842,  a  native  of 
Philadelphia,  son  of  Francis  Hopkinson,  (ante,)  was  edu 
cated  at  the  University  of  Pennsylvania,  and  subsequently 
practised  law,  first  at  Easton  and  then  in  Philadelphia. 
From  1815  to  1819  he  was  a  member  of  the  national 
House  of  Representatives,  and  in  1828  was  appointed,  by 
President  Adams,  Judge  of  the  District  Court  of  the  United 
States, — an  office  which  he  retained  until  his  death.  Both 
his  father  and  grandfather  had  preceded  him  on  the  bench. 
The  subject  of  our  notice  was  Vice-President  of  the  Ame 
rican  Philosophical  Society,  and  President  of  the  Phila 
delphia  Academy  of  Fine  Arts.  He  was  the  author  of 
the  patriotic  song  of  "  Hail  Columbia,"  written  under  cir 
cumstances  pleasantly  recorded  by  the  author  in  a  letter 
which  will  be  found  in  Griswold's  Poets  and  Poetry  of 
America.  See  also  a  biographical  notice  of  Judge  Hop- 


HOP 


HOR 


kinson — written  by  Francis  Wharton,  of  Philadelphia — in 
Hunt's  Merchant's  Magazine,  vii.  397.  Judge  Hopkinson 
pub.,  in  addition  to  several  addresses  before  literary  socie 
ties,  &c.,  an  Address  delivered  before  the  Law  Academy 
of  Philadelphia,  Phila.,  1826,  8vo,  and  a  Eulogy  in  Com 
memoration  of  the  Hon.  Bushrod  Washington,  1830,  8vo. 
For  Hopkinson's  Decisions,  see  H.  D.  Gilpin's  District  Ct. 
Reports,  1828-35,  8vo,  1837,  (noticed  in  18  A.  J.,  521 ;)  j 
Crabbe's  Reports,  1836-46 :  see  p.  444  of  this  Dictionary. 

Hopkinson,  Samuel,  Rector  of  Etton,  and  Vicar  of  | 
Morton.     1.  Serins.,  Lon.,  1789,  4to.     2.  Reflections,  1793, 
4to.     3.  Prayer,  <fcc.  for  Children,  1795,  12mo.     4.  Serm., 
1798,  8vo.     5.  Causes  of  the   Scarcity  investigated,  &c., 
1801,  8vo.     6.  Essays,  1826,  12mo. 

Hopkinson,  William.  Trans,  of  Beza's  Display 
of  Popish  Practices,  <fcc.,  Lon.,  1578,  4to. 

Hopkirk,  Thomas.  1.  Flora  Glottiana,  Glasg.,  1813, 
8vo.  2.  Flora  Anomoia,  1817,  8vo. 

Hoppner,  Richard  Belgrave.  Trans,  of  Capt. 
Krusenstern's  Voyage  round  the  World,  1803-05,  Lon., 
1813,  2  vols.  Capt  (since  Vice- Admiral)  Krusenstern 
complained  bitterly  of  the  faults  of  this  translation.  See 
Lon.  Quar.  Rev.,  xxii.  109;  xxvi.  346;  xxviii.  407;  xxx. 
265 ;  xxxi.  163 ;  N.  Amer.  Rev.,  xxv.  1 ;  Rich's  Bibl.  Amer. 
Nova,  ii.  69. 

Hoppener,  J.  Oriental  Tales  trans,  into  English 
Verse,  Lon.,  1805,  8vo. 

Hoppus,  John,  Prof,  of  the  Philos.  of  Mind  and 
Logic  in  the  Univ.  of  London.  Lects.  on  the  Polity  and 
Hist,  of  the  Hebrews,  Lon.,  1847,  12mo. 

"  A  very  judicious  and  useful  manual,  which  throws  great  light 
upon  the  Holy  Scriptures,  and  will  form  a  valuable  acquisition  to 
the  Sunday-school  Library.  It  is  well  worthy  the  attention  of 
young  people  who  wish  to  understand  the  sacred  oracles." — Lon. 
Wesleyan  Methodist  Magazine. 

"  We  have  seldom  read  a  volume  of  greater  interest,  and  strongty 
commend  it  to  all,  but  more  especially  to  our  young  friends." — 
Lon.  Home  Missionary  Magazine. 

Other  works. 

Hopsou,  Charles  R.,  M.D.  1.  Dysentery,  Lon., 
1771,  8vo.  2.  Essay  on  Fire,  1782,  8vo.  3.  System  of 
Chemistry,  1789,  '94,  4to. 

Hopson,  Edward.     The  Human  Mind,  1777, 12mo. 

Hopton,  Arthur,  1588-1614,  a  native  of  Somerset 
shire,  educated  at  Lincoln  Coll.,  Oxf.,  was  the  son  of  Sir 
Arthur  Hopton,  and  an  intimate  friend  of  John  Selden. 
1.  Baculum  Geodeticum,  Lon.,  1610,  4to.  2.  Speculum 
Topographicum,  1611,  4to.  3.  A  Concordancy  of  Years, 
1615,  8vo.  Enlarged  by  John  Penkethman,  1635,  8vo. 
This  work  is  mentioned  by  the  commentators  on  Shak- 
speare.  4.  Prognostications  for  the  Years  1607  and  1614. 

"  The  miracle  of  his  aglj  for  learning." — Athen.  Oxon.,  q.  v. 

Hopton,  Richard.    Burning  Spring;  Phil.  Trans., 

Hopton,  Mrs.  Susannah,  1627-1709,  a  very  devout 
lady,  a  native  of  Staffordshire,  the  wife  of  Richard  Hopton, 
a  Welsh  judge,  became  a  Roman  Catholic,  but  returned  to 
the  Protestant  faith.  1.  Daily  Devotions,  Lon.,  1673, 12mo; 
5th  ed.,  1713.  See  Darling's  Cyc.  Bibl.,  i.  538.  2.  Medi 
tations,  <fec.,  pub.  by  N.  Spinckes,  Lon.,  1717,  8vo.  3.  De 
votions,  &c. ;  see  HICKES,  GEORGE,  D.D.,  No.  9,  in  this 
Dictionary;  Darling's  Cyc.  Bibl.,  i.  1469. 

Hopvvood,  Henry,  Rector  of  Bothall,  Northumber 
land,  has  pub.  a  number  of  theolog.  and  educational  w&rks, 
Lon.,  1841-50. 

Hopwood,  John.    Blessed  Rest,  <fec.,  Lon.,  1676,  8vo. 

Horbery,  Matthew,  D.D.,  1707-1773,  a  native  of 
Haxay,  Lincolnshire,  educated  at  Lincoln  Coll.,  Oxf.,  and 
elected  Fellow  of  Magdalen  Coll. ;  successively  Vicar  of 
Eccleshall,  Canon  of  Lichfield,  Vicar  of  Hanbury,  and 
Rector  of  Standlake.  1.  Anirnad.  on  J.  Jackson's  Christian 
Liberty  Asserted,  Ac.,  1735.  2.  Enquiry  cone.  Future 
Punishment,  Lon.,  1744,  8vo.  3.  Serm.,  Oxf.,  1745,  8vo. 
4.  Serm.,  1747.  5.  Serm.,  1749,  8vo.  6.  18  Serms.,  1774, 
8vo.  A  collective  ed.  of  his  Works  was  pub.  at  Oxford 
in  1828,  2  vols.  8vo.  His  Serms.  have  been  highly  com 
mended  : 

"  They  are  excellent." — DR.  SAMUEL  JOHNSON. 

"  Such  was  his  reputation  as  a  preacher,  that  two  hundred  of 
his  MS.  sermons,  in  the  rough  state  in  which  he  first  composed 
them,  were  disposed  of  for  six  hundred  guineas." 

"They  are  written  in  a  nervous,  animated  language,  calculated 
to  convince  and  persuade,  without  any  affectation  or  pretence  to 
rhetoric,  but  with  a  simplicity  which  was  a  prominent  feature  in 
the  character  of  the  author." — S.  CLAPHAM. 

See  Lon.  Gent.  Mag.,  vols.  Ixix.  and  Ixxvi. 

Horde,  Thomas,  Jr.,  was  the  author  of  thirteen 
dramatic  pieces,  pub.  1769-85.  See  Biog.  Dramat. 

Horden,  John.     Serm.,  Lon.,  1676,  4to. 


Hordern,  Joseph,  Rural  Dean  and  Vicar  of  Ros- 
thern.  1.  Directions  for  Reading  to  the  Sick,  Lon.,  ISuio. 
2.  Serms.,  1830,  8vo. 

Hore,  Charles.     Divine  Meditations,  1804,  12mo. 

Horlet,  Joseph.     Three  Serms.,  1729,  '42,  '50, 

Horman,  Wm.,  d.  1535,  a  native  of  Salisbury,  edu 
cated  at,  and  Fellow  of,  New  Coll.,  Oxf.,  was  made  Master 
of  Eton  (of  which  he  subsequently  became  Fellow  and 
Vice-Provost)  in  1485.  He  pub.  Herbarum  Synonyma, 
Indices  to  the  writers  De  Re  Rustica,  Ac.  See  the  name 
in  Lowndes's  Bibl.  Man.,  967. 

Horn.     Hist,  of  the  Woman  of  Great  Faith,  1632,  8vo. 

Horn,  Charles  Edward,  1786-1850,  a  native  of 
London,  d.  in  Boston,  Mass.,  an  eminent  composer  of 
music,  was  well  known  as  the  author  of  Cherry  Ripe,  I've 
been  Reaming,  The  Deep,  Deep  Sea,  The  Mermaid's  Cave, 

1  Know  a  Bank,  and  other  popular  songs.   A  biog.  notice  of 
Mr.  Horn  will  be  found  in  the  Lon.  Gent.  Mag.,  Jan.  1850. 

Horn,  George.   Treatise  on  Leeches,  Lon.,  1798,  8vo. 

Horn,  Henry,  and  Edwin  T.  Hurlstone.  Ex- 
cheq.  Reports,  H.  T.  1838  to  H.  T.  1839,  Lon.,  1840,  8vo. 

Horn,  John.     See  HORNE. 

Horn,  Robert.  Expos,  of  Part  of  the  Parable  of 
the  Lost  Sonne,  Lon.,  1614,  8vo. 

Horn,  Thomas,  Rector  of  Martley.  Serms.  on  va 
rious  Subjects,  Lon.,  1832,  12mo. 

"There  is  sterling  matter  in  most  of  his  discourses."— ion. 
Chris.  Rememb. 

Other  works. 

Hornblower,  J.  C.,  Engineer.  Papers  on  Steam 
Engines,  <fcc.  in  Nic.  Jour.,  1802,  '03,  '04,  '05. 

Hornby,  Charles,  "a  sour  and  ill-natured  pedant, 
secondary  of  the  Pipe  Office,"  pub.  two  vols.  of  Letters, 
1730,  8vo,  and  1738,  8vo,  criticizing  Sir  Wm.  Dugdale'a 
Baronage  of  England. 

Hornby,  Mrs.  Edmund.  In  and  Around  Stamboul, 
Lon.,  1858;  Phila.,  1858. 

Hornby,  Geoffrey.     Serm.,  1806,  8vo. 

Hornby,  Thomas.  Dissert,  on  Lime  in  Agriculture, 
1815,  8vo.  See,  on  this  point,  Donaldson's  Ag.  Biog.,  107. 

Hornby,  Wm.  The  Scovrge  of  Drvnkennes,  Lon., 
1618,  4to,  pp.  32,  Bibl.  Anglo-Poet,  349,  £30.  This  poem 
is  preceded  by  an  address,  in  which  the  author  promises 
to  show  "Drunkennesse"  no  quarter: 

"He  vse  thee  like  a  Dogge,  a  Jew,  a  Slaue; 
Expect  no  mercy  from  my  hands  to  haue." 

This  book  may  be  called  an  early  Temperance  Docu 
ment.  See  Bibl.  Anglo-Poet.,  p.  151. 

Home,  Andrew,  a  native  of  Gloucester,  England, 
an  eminent  lawyer  and  chamberlain  of  London  temp. 
Edward  I.  1.  La  Somme  appelle  Mirroir  des  Justices,  seu 
Speculum  Justiciarum,  Lon.,  1642,  8vo.  In  English,  by 
Wm.  Hughes,  1646,  8vo;  1649,  12mo;  1659,  8vo;  1768, 
12mo;  Manchester,  1840,  12mo.  For  an  account  of  this 
valuable  work — known  as  HORNE'S  MIRROR — see  2  Reeves's 
Hist.,  358;  iv.  116,  n.;  Nic.  Eng.  Hist,  Lib.,  155;  Crabb's 
Hist.,  255;  Bridg.  Bibl.,  161;  Clarke's  Bibl.,  106;  Pref. 
to  9  and  10  Reports  ;  Blaxland's  Codex,  126 ;  1  Campbell's 
Lives  of  the  Lord-Chancellors,  206 ;  Marvin's  Leg.  Bibl., 
396.  Home  is  said  to  have  compiled  Chronicon  Glocestrise, 
long  since  lost,  and  Liber  Home.  For  an  account  of  the 
last-named  book,  see  Clarke's  Bibl.,  107 ;  Gough's  Brit. 
Top.,  v.,  i.  576. 

Home,  Andrew.  1.  The  Seat  of  Vision  Determined, 
Lon.,  1813,  '18,  8vo.  2.  On  Vision ;  Phil.  Mag.,  1816,  '17. 
3.  Magnetism;  Thorn.  Ann.  Philos.,  1817. 

Home,  George,  D.D.,  1730-1792,  an  eminent  divine 
of  the  Hutchinsonian  school,  was  a  native  of  Otham,  near 
Maidstone,  and  educated  at  University  College,  Oxford ; 
Fellow  of  Magdalene  College,  1749,  and  President,  1768 ; 
Chaplain  to  the  King,  1771 ;  Vice-Chancellor  of  the  Univ. 
of  Oxford,  1776;  Dean  of  Canterbury,  1781;  Bishop  of 
Norwich,  1790.  He  pub.  a  number  of  controversial  trea 
tises  in  favour  of  Hutchinson,  and  against  Sir  Isaac  New 
ton,  Adam  Smith,  Law,  Hume,  Shuckford,  Kennicott, 
Halhed,  and  Priestley ;  a  Commentary  on  the  Book  of 
Psalms ;  Sermons,  Ac.  His  Letters  on  Infidelity,  in  which 
Hume's  arguments  are  discussed,  were  pub.  in  1784,  12mo. 
A  collective  ed.  of  his  Works,  with  a  Life,  was  pub.  by 
his  friend  and  chaplain,  Wm.  Jones,  of  Nayland,  in  1795- 
99,  6  vols.  8vo;  1809,  6  vols.  8vo;  1812,  6  vols.  8vo; 
1818,  6  vols.  8vo  ;  last  ed.,  1830,  4  vols.  8vo.  Of  his  Dis 
courses,  a  4th  ed.  was  pub.  in  1803-04,  5  vols.  8vo;  other 
eds.,  1812,  3  vols.  8vo;  1824,  3  vols.  8vo;  new  ed.,  1831, 

2  vols.   8vo;    last  ed.,   1845,  2  vols.  8vo.     Of  the  Com 
mentary  on  the  Psalms  (1st  ed.,  1771,  2  vols.  4to)  there 
have  been  many  edits.     Among  the  last  are  the  one  pub. 


IIOR 


IIOR 


by  Virtue,  in  3  vols.  12mo,  in  1836;  the  one  in  2  vols. 
12ino,  pub.  by  the  Lon.  Soc.  P.  C.  K.  in  1848 ;  and  Long 
man's  ed.  in  1848,  8vo.  See  also  Nisbet's  ed.  of  Home's 
Arrangement  of  the  Psalms,  Notes,  and  Comments,  Pt.  1, 
1850,  p.  8vo.  The  Essay  on  Home's  Commentary,  by 
James  Montgomery,  Esq.,  (prefixed  to  ed.  in  2  vols.,  form 
ing  a  portion  of  the  Sacred  Classics,)  and  the  one  by  the 
Rev.  Edward  Irving,  (prefixed  to  an  ed.  pub.  in  Glasgow 
in  3  vols.  12mo,)  are  doubtless  well  known  to  many  of  our 
readers.  Irving's  Essay  has  been  highly  commended. 
The  Daily  Communings,  Spiritual  and  Devotional,  on 
Select  Portions  of  the  Psalms,  from  Home's  Commentary, 
(2d  ed.,  64mo,)  and  the  Selection  by  Lindley  Murray, 
(1812,  8vo,)  have  met  with  warm  approbation.  The  last- 
named  comprises,  says  Dr.  T.  H.  Home,  "the  most 
striking,  pathetic,  and  instructive  parts  of  the  Com 
mentary."  A  vol.  of  Selections  from  the  Commentary 
was  pub.  in  1832,  12mo.  It  is  by  his  Discourses  and 
Commentary  on  the  Psalms  that  Bishop  Home  will  always 
be  favourably  known;  and  it  will  now  be  proper  for  us  to 
adduce  some  opinions  upon  the  merits  and  defects  of  these 
productions. 

Opinions  on  the  Discourses  : 

"  Sonic  of  Bishop  Home's  discourses  are  ingenious ;  but  they 
contain  more  Hutchinsonianism,  and  less  of  evangelical  senti 
ment,  than  might  have  been  expected." — Orme's  Bibl.  Bib. 

"Bishop  Home's  views  of  preaching,  not  always  (alas  !  such  is 
pur  common  infirmity!)  fully  illustrated  by  his  own  sermons,  are 
instructive.  .  . .  His  sermons  are  polished,  and  have  many  beautful 
and  excellent  thoughts ;  but  they  are  wanting  in  the  full  declara 
tion  of  justification  by  faith,  and  therefore  meet  not  adequately 
the  distresses  of  an  awakened  conscience.  .  .  .  His  sermons  are 
devotional  and  elegant.  He  and  others  of  his  school  have  brought 
some  important  truths  before  men  who  would  not  have  listened 
to  those  writing  more  in  the  spirit  of  the  Reformers." — Bicker- 
stelKs  a  S. 

"This  writer  seems  to  have  had  as  much  devotion  and  regard 
for  the  grand  principles  of  Christianity  as  command  respect;  but 
few  evangelical  preachers,  notwithstanding,  would  like  to  take 
him  for  a  pattern." — Dr.  E.  WiUiams's  C.  P. 

"  The  sacred  discourses  of  the  amiable  Home  recommend  the 
duties  of  that  religion  of  which  he  was  so  bright  an  ornament,  in 
a  sweet  ahd  lively  style." — Historical  View  of  Eng.  Lit. :  Good- 
hugh's  Eng.  Gent's  Lib.  Man. 

"His  style  is  lucid,  and  often  terse;  his  reflections  grow  natu 
rally  out  of  the  sentiments  of  the  passage  on  which  he  comments, 
and  there  breathes  through  the  whole  so  much  sympathy  with  the 
Psalmist  in  his  humble  views  of  himself  and  his  exalted  concep 
tions  of  Jehovah, — there  is  such  a  heavenly,  sweet  frame  of  mind 
exhibited,  so  much  spirituality,  and  such  love  for  the  Redeemer, — 
as  to  render  this  commentary  one  of  peculiar  fitness  for  family 
reading." 

"  They  evince  an  uncommon  warmth  of  piety,  and  are  calculated 
to  produce  it."— British  Critic. 

"  Sensible,  practical,  and  animated.  He  addresses  himself  more 
to  the  heart  than  is  commonly  done,  and  consequently  his  Dis 
courses  are  more  calculated  to  answer  the  end  of  preaching.  They 
are  agreeably  instructive  and  edifying,  manifesting  the  pious  and 
good  heart  of  the  writer." — Lon.  Al'snth.  Rev. 

Opinions  on  the  Commentary  on  the  Psalms : 

"  His  Commentary  on  the  Psalms  is  his  capital  performance,  and 
the  one  by  which  he  will  be  known  so  long  as  piety  and  elegant 
learning  are  loved  in  England.  It  is  altogether  a  beautiful  work. 
The  preface  is  a  master-piece  of  composition  and  good  sense.  The 
exposition  implies  more  learning  and  research  than  it  displays; 
and  the  views  of  Christian  doctrine  contained  in  it  are  generally 
very  correct.  Perhaps  he  carries  his  applications  to  the  Messiah 
and  his  church  occasionally  rather  far ;  but  this  is  less  hurtful 
than  the  opposite  extreme,  which  has  more  generally  been 
adopted." — Orme's  Bibl.  Bib. 

"  The  variety  and  number  of  the  editions  of  this  learned  and 
pious  work  sufficiently  attest  the  very  high  estimation  in  which 
it  is  held :  the  critics  of  the  day.  however,  when  it  first  appeared, 
were  of  opinion  that  Bishop  Home  applied  too  many  of  the  Psalms 
to  the  Messiah."— Home's  Bibl.  Bib. 

"  Home's  Commentary  on  the  Book  of  Psalms  is  of  use  chiefly 
for  its  devotional  tendency." — WiUiams's  C.  P. 

"  His  Commentary  on  the  Psalms  has  long  been  a  refreshing 
and  delightful  companion  in  the  Christian's  retirement."— Bick- 
enteth's  C.  S. 

"It  is  a  truly  evangelical  and  most  valuable  work,  generally 
commended  and  admired  for  the  vein  of  spirituality  and  devotion 
which  runs  through  it,  as  well  as  for  the  elegant  taste  displayed 
in  the  illustration  of  difficult  passages.  The  author's  design  is  to 
illustrate  the  historical  sense  of  the  Psalms  as  they  relate  to  King 
David  and  the  people  of  Israel ;  and  to  point  out  their  application 
to  the  Messiah,  to  the  Church,  and  to  individuals  as  members  of 
the  Church." — Lowndes's  BriL  Lib. 

"  A  delightful  amplification  of  the  music  of  Zion,  wherein  every 
phrase  is  spiritualized,  every  prophetic  and  recondite  meaning 
pointed  out."—  Grant's  English  Church. 

Bishop  Home's  description  of  a  censurable  style  of 
preaching,  too  common  even  in  our  own  days,  has  been 
already  referred  to  in  an  extract  from  Bickersteth's  Chris 
tian  Student.  The  bishop's  remarks  are  well  worthy  of 
quotation  : 

"To  preach  practical  sermons,  as  they  are  called, — that  is.  ser 
mons  upon  virtues  and  vices,  without  inculcating  those  great 
Scripture  truths  of  redemption,  grace,  &c.,  which  alone  incite  and 


enable  us  to  forsake  sin  and  to  follow  after  righteousness, — what 
is  it  but  to  put  together  the  wheels  and  set  the  hands  of  a  watch, 
forgetting  the  spring  which  is  to  make  them  all  go  ?" 

For  further  information  respecting  this  excellent  man, 
see  his  Life,  by  Jones  ;  Encyc.  Brit. ;  Sir  Wm.  Forbes's 
Life  of  Dr.  Beattie ;  Boswell's  Life  of  Johnson ;  Lon. 
Gent.  Mag.,  vols.  Ixii.,  Ixiii.,  Ixvi.  He  was  a  friend  of 
Dr.  Johnson's,  and  penned  a  tribute  to  his  memory,  (in 
the  Olla  Podrida;)  and  Johnson's  biographer  has  left  on 
record  an  honourable  testimony  to  the  character  of  the 
subject  of  our  notice  : 

"We  [Johnson  and  Boswell]  drank  tea  with  Dr.  Home,  late 
President  of  Magdalen  College  and  Bishop  of  Norwich,  of  whose 
abilities  in  different  respects  the  public  has  had  eminent  proofs, 
and  the  esteem  annexed  to  whose  character  was  increased  by 
knowing  him  personally." — Ubi  supra. 

Home,  H.  P.  Bianca  Capello ;  a  Tragedy,  Lon.,  1847. 

"A  metrical  arrangement  of  ten  syllables  is  not  necessarily 
poetry,  any  more  than  rant  disposed  in  broken  sentences  is  natu 
rally  passion." — Lon.  Athen&um,  1847,  p.  516. 

Home,  Henry.  1.  Essays  cone.  Iron  and  Steel, 
Lon.,  1773,  12mo.  2.  Sand  Iron;  Phil.  Trans.,  1763. 

Home,  John,  d.  1676,  aged  61,  a  Non-conformist 
divine,  educated  at  Trin.  Coll.,  Camb.,  Vicar  of  Allhallows, 
Lynn-Regis,  Norfolk,  ejected  for  Non-conformity,  1662, 
was  the  author  of  a  poem  called  The  Divine  Wooer,  Lon., 
1673,  and  some  serms.  and  theolog.  treatises,  1649-73. 

Home,  John.     Serm.,  Lon.,  1768,  4to. 

Home,  or  Horn,  John.  Sowing  Machine  for  every 
kind  of  Grain,  Ac.,  Lon.,  1786,  8vo. 

Home,  John.     Serm.,  1812,  8vo. 

Home,  John.     See  TOOKE. 

Home,  Melville.     Semis.,  <fcc.,  1791-1811. 

Home,  Richard  Henry,  b.  in  London,  1803,  was 
educated  at  Sandhurst  College,  in  expectation  of  a  mili 
tary  appointment  in  the  East  India  Company's  service. 
Disappointed  in  this  hope,  he  entered  the  Mexican  navy 
as  a  midshipman,  and  served  in  the  war  against  Spain 
until  the  restoration  of  peace.  He  then  returned  to  Eng 
land  by  the  way  of  the  United  States,  and  settled  down 
as  a  London  man  of  letters.  In  1852  he  emigrated  to 
the  gold-fields  of  Australia,  and,  after  serving  some 
time  as  Chief  of  the  Mounted  Police,  now  holds  the  office 
of  Gold  Commissioner, — an  auriferous  proximity  seldom 
enjoyed  by  poets ;  though  we  fear  the  author  of  the  Ex 
position  of  the  "  False  Medium"  has  had  but  little  op 
portunity  as  yet  of  testing  the  value  of  the  true  "  medium." 
Mr.  Home  was  married  in  1847  to  Miss  Foggo,  the  daugh 
ter  of  the  artist,  and  for  some  time  afterwards  enjoyed  an 
enviable  seclusion  in  a  cottage  near  Findley.  1.  Cosmo  de 
Medici;  an  Historical  Tragedy,  1837,  8vo.  2.  The  Death 
of  Marlowe;  a  Tragedy,  1838,  r*  8vo.  3.  The  Death 
Fetch.  4.  Adventures  of  a  London  Doll,  16mo.  5.  The 
Good-natured  Bear;  a  Story  for  Children,  16mo.  6.  Ex 
position  of  the  False  Medium,  and  Barriers  excluding  Men 
of  Genius  from  the  Public,  1838,  p.  Svo.  7.  The  Poor 
Artist;  or,  Seven  Eye-Sights  and  One  Object,  12mo.  8. 
Gregory  the  Seventh;  a  Tragedy,  1840,  Svo.  Prefixed  is 
an  Essay  on  Tragic  Influence,  which  has  been  highly  com 
mended.  It  is  said  that  Mr.  Home  considers  Gregory  the 
Seventh  to  be  his  best  dramatic  production.  9.  Life  of 
Napoleon,  1841,  2  vols.  r.  Svo;  500  illustrations.  New 
ed.,  1847.  10.  Orion;  an  Epic  Poem,  1843.  Several 
edits.,  the  first  of  which  was  pub.  at  a  farthing, — a  "price 
placed  upon  it  as  a  sarcasm  upon  the  low  estimation  into 
which  epic  poetry  has  fallen." 

Three  large  editions  were  sold  at  a  farthing  per  copy : 
the  4th  ed.  was  raised  to  a  shilling  per  copy,  and  the  5th 
to  half  a  crown. 

"It  is  said  that  one  day,  when  the  author  was  sitting  in  Mr. 
Miller's  the  publisher's  shop,  a  boy  came  in,  and  shouted  out.  in 
a  nonchalant  voice.  « A  penn'orth  of  epics,'  throwing  a  penny 
down  on  the  counter." 

Now,  this  anecdote  may  be  true :  therefore,  it  does  not 
become  us  to  deny  it.  We  may  be  allowed,  however,  to 
remark,  in  passing,  that  it  fits  in  as  well  as  if  it  had  been 
"made  on  purpose."  A  very  elaborate  and  most  eulo 
gistic  review  of  Orion  will  be  found  in  Poe's  Literati.  We 
hope  the  reader  has  time  to  peruse  it;  certain  it  is  that  we 
have  no  space  to  quote  it. 

11.  A  New  Spirit  of  the  Age,  1844,  2  vols.  p.  Svo.  Partly 
written  and  edited  by  R.  H.  Home.  The  2d  ed.  contains 
Introductory  Comments  upon  Certain  Criticisms  that  had 
appeared  on  the  work. 

The  volumes  are  illustrated  with  engravings  on  steel, 
from  new  and  original  portraits,  of  Dickens,  Tennyson, 
Carlyle,  Wordsworth,  Talfourd,  Browning,  Southwood 
Smith,  and  Miss  Martineau. 

"In  the  biographical  sketches  the  editor  has  carefully  excluded 


HOR 

all  disagreeable  personalities  and  all  unwarrantable  anecdotes.  ! 
The  criticisms  are  entirely  on  abstract  grounds.  He  may  be  often  ' 
wrong,  but  it  is  with  a  clear  conscience." — Editor's  Preface. 

Among  the  "  celebrities"  noticed  in  this  work  will  he 
found    Charles    Dickens,   Lord  Ashley,     Dr.  Southwood  i 
Smith,   Sir  E.   L.   Bulwer,   Alfred    Tennyson,    Sheridan  i 
Knowles,  Mr.  Macready,  Thomas  Ingoldsby,  W.  H.  Ains  •  j 
worth,  T.  B.  Macaulay,  G.  P.  R.  James,  Mrs.  Gore,  Captain 
Marryat,  Mrs.  Trollope,  Walter  Savage  Landor,  William  j 
and  Mary  Howitt,  Thomas  Hood,  Theodore  Hook,  Harriet  \ 
Martineau,  Mrs.  Jameson,  Dr.  Pusey,  Mr.  Sergeant  Tal- 
fourd,  Mrs.  Norton,  Miss  E.  B.  Barrett,  Rev.  Sydney  Smith, 
A.  Fonblanque,  Douglas  Jerrold,  W.  Wordsworth,  Leigh 
Hunt,   Robert  Browning,  J.  W.  Marston,   Mrs.  Shelley, 
Thomas  Carlyle,  Rev.  Robert  Montgomery,  Banim,  and 
the  Irish   Novelists.      See  Westminster  Rev.,   xli.   357; 
Democratic  Rev.,  xv.  49 ;  South.  Quar.  Rev.,  vii.  312 ;  xv. 
41 ;  South.  Lit.  Mess.,  xi.  55. 

12.  Spirit  of  Peers  and  People,  p.  8vo.  13.  Ballads  and 
Romances,  1846,  12mo. 

"  Home,  the  author  of  the  fine  poem  of  Orion,  and  of  ballads 
full  of  vigour,  originality,  and  a  sound  and  healthy  sentiment." — 
Howitfs  Homes  and  Haunts  of  the  most  Eminent  British  Poets. 

14.  Judas  Iscariot,  a  Miracle  Play  ;  with  Poems,  1848, 
fp.  8vo.  Judas  Iscariot  is  founded  upon  a  most  untenable 
hypothesis  because  one  directly  opposed  to  Scripture. 
15.  The  Dreamer  and  the  Worker,  1851,  2  vols.  p.  8vo.  We 
trust  that  our  poet  "  worker"  will  return  from  the  gold- 
fields  of  Australia  with  substantial  evidences  of  something 
better  than  "dreams"  as  the  employment  of  his  exiled 
hours.  Mr.  Home  is  also  the  author  of  an  Introduction 
to  Schlegel's  Lectures  on  Dramatic  Literature  and  Art, 
was  the  associate  of  Wordsworth,  Leigh  Hunt,  Miss  Bar 
rett,  and  others,  in  the  production  of  Chaucer  Modernized, 
was  for  some  time  editor  of  the  Monthly  Repository,  and 
has  been  a  contributor  to  the  Church  of  England  Quar 
terly  Review,  the  New  Quarterly  Review,  and  other 
periodicals.  Among  his  essays  in  the  Church  of  England 
Quarterly,  we  may  instance  those  on  Poetical  Contrasts, 
and  on  Albertus  Magnus;  and,  of  those  in  the  New  Quar 
terly,  it  may  be  sufficient  to  name  the  article  on  Chinese 
Characteristics,  and  that  on  The  Dramatic  Mind  of 
Europe. 

Home,  Robert,  d.  1580,  Dean  of  Durham,  was  con 
secrated  Bishop  of  Winchester,  Feb.  1560-61.,  An  Answer 
to  Fekenham's  Declaration  of  Scruples  of  Conscience 
touching  the  Oaths  of  Supremacy,  Lon.,  1566,  4to. 

Home,  Robert.  Certain  Sermons  on  the  Rich  Man 
and  Lazarus,  Lon.,  1619,  4to. 

Home,  Thomas.  1.  Janua  Linguarum ;  or,  A  Col 
lection  of  Latin  Sentences,  with  the  English  of  them,  Lon., 
1634,  8vo.  2.  Manductio  in  sedem  Palladis;  qua  Utilis- 
sima  Methodus  Authores  bonos  legendi  indigiatur,  1641, 
8vo. 

Home,  Thomas,  D.D.,  Vicar  of  Kilkington,  Here 
fordshire,  Chaplain  of  St.  Saviour's,  Southwark.  1.  Fast 
Serin,  on  Prov.  xiv.  34,  Lon.,  1778,  4to.  2.  Reflections 
on  the  Sabbath,  1796,  8vo.  3.  Serms.  on  Rom.  viii.  31, 
1803,  8vo. 

Home,  Thomas.  1.  Hist,  of  the  Rise  and  Progress 
of  the  Belgian  Republic  until  the  Revolution  under  Philip 
II. ;  from  the  German  of  Schiller,  Lon.,  1807?  12mo. 

"  Schiller,  uniting  the  ardour  of  a  soidier  to  the  soul  of  a  states 
man  and  the  hand  of  an  historian,  has  portrayed  the  shadtes  of 
former  times  with  dramatic  power,  and  in  a  noble  spirit." — SIB 
ARCHIBALD  ALISON  :  Hist,  of  Europe. 

2.  Memoirs  of  Nature  and  Art ;  from  the  German  of 
Goethe,  1808,  3  vols.  8vo.  An  anonymous  abridgt.  and 
trans,  of  the  same,  1807,  3  vols.  12mo.  4.  Essays  and 
Tales;  from  the  German  of  Engel,  1808,  12mo. 

Home,  Thomas,  Rector  of  St.  Catherine,  Colman. 
The  Religious  Necessity  of  the  Reformation  Asserted,  and 
the  Extent  to  which  it  was  carried  in  the  Church  of  Eng 
land  Vindicated,  in  eight  Serms.  preached  at  the  Bampton 
Lects.,  1828,  Oxford,  1828,  8vo. 

"One  of  the  most  able,  most  liberal,  and  most  convincing 
treatises  in  defence  of  our  church,  and  of  all  Protestant  churches 
in  general  which  yet  retain  the  truth  as  it  is  in  Christ,  that  it 
has  ever  fallen  to  our  lot  to  notice  or  peruse ;  which  we  recom 
mend,  without  compromise  or  drawback  of  any  kind,  to  all  who 
desire  to  read  a  work  equally  deserving  of  attention  as  to  its  style 
as  well  as  the  important  nature  of  the  topic  of  which  it  treats." — 
Lon.  Chris.  Remembrancer. 

Home,  Thomas  Hartwell,  D.D.,  b.  Oct.  20, 1780, 
received  the  rudiments  of  a  classical  education  between 
the  years  1789  and  '95  in  the  royal  and  ancient  founda 
tion  of  Christ's  Hospital,  where,  for  two  years,  he  was 
contemporary  with  Samuel  Taylor  Coleridge.  Having 
attained  the  rank  of  Deputy-Grecian,  (the  second  highest 
class  in  the  upper  grammar-school,)  he  quitted  Christ's 


HOR 

Hospital  at  tbe  age  of  fifteen  years,  having  no  opportunity 
of  proceeding  to  the  university.  The  eldest  of  six  orphans, 
small  of  stature,  and  not  robust,  he  was  unfitted  for  any 
t  requiring  physical  strength ;  and  eight  years 


of  his  life  were  spent  in  the  humble  situation  of  a  clerk 
to  barristers.  As  he  had  a  good  deal  of  time  at  his  com 
mand  during  the  first  five  years  of  his  career,  he  diligently 
improved  himself  by  solitary  study,  and  acquired  an  in 
sight  into  the  law  of  England,  which  he  was  afterwards 
i  enabled  to  turn  to  account  in  editing  various  law-books. 
|  The  very  narrow  income  which  he  received  as  a  barrister's 
clerk  early  led  Mr.  Home  to  direct  his  attention  to  litera- 
j  ture  as  a  means  of  support.  His  first  publication  was  A 
!  Brief  View  of  the  Necessity  and  Truth  of  the  Christian 
Revelation,  written  when  he  was  only  eighteen,  and  pub 
lished  in  1800,  in  his  nineteenth  year.  The  publication 
of  this  little  manual  led  him  to  the  diligent  and  prayer 
ful  study  of  the  Scriptures,  and  eventually  induced  him 
to  undertake  the  work  by  which  he  is  best  known  in  this 
country  as  well  as  in  England,  and,  indeed,  wherever  the 
English  language  is  spoken  or  read.  We  mean  the  Intro 
duction  to  the  Critical  Study  and  Knowledge  of  the  Holy 
Scriptures.  In  the  preface  to  this  work,  Mr.  Home  states 
that  it 

"  Originated  in  his  own  wants  at  an  early  period  of  life,  when 
he  stood  in  need  of  a  guide  to  the  reading  of  the  Holy  Scriptures, 
which  would  not  only  furnish  him  with  a  general  introduction  to 
them,  but  would  also  enable  him  to  solve  apparent  contradictions, 
and  to  study  the  Bible  with  that  attention  which  its  importance 
demands." 

At  that  time  he 

"  Had  no  friend  to  assist  his  studies  or  remove  his  doubts,  nor 
any  means  of  procuring  critical  works.    At  length  a  list  of  the 
more  eminent  foreign  Biblical  critics  fell  into  his  hands,  and  di 
rected  him  to  some  of  those  sources  of  information  which  he  was 
seeking.     He  then  resolved  to  procure  such  of  them  as  his  very 
j  limited  means  would  permit,  with  the  design,  in  the  first  instance, 
!  of  satisfying  his  own  miod  on  those  topics  which  had  perplexed 
him,  and,  ultimately,  of  laying  before  the  public  the  result  of  his 
inquiries,  should  no  treatise  appear  that  might  supersede  such  a 
I  publication." — Vol.  i.  Pref,  pp.  ix.,  x. 

The  idea  thus  conceived  fifty-eight  years  ago  has  been 
!  steadily  kept  in  view  to  the  present  time.     The  foundation 
I  and  much  of  the  subsequent  composition  of   this  work 
were  laid,  for  the  most  part,  in  solitary  midnight  study. 
However  much  and  variously  he  was  engaged  in  literary 
toil  for  his  daily  bread,  (as  the  subjoined  list  of  his  publica 
tions  will  attest,)  the  Introduction  to  the  Study  of  the 
Scriptures  was  the  first  and  chief  object  of  his  thoughts. 
The  1st  edition  of  it  appeared  in  1818  in  3  vols.  Svo,  which 
in  subsequent  editions  were  enlarged  into  five  thick  octavo 
volumes.     It  immediately  took  its  station  in  literature  as 
THE  Class-Book  for  the  study  of  the  Scriptures  in  all  the 
colleges  and  universities  in  the  British  dominions.     The 
j  author  has  been  spared  to  see  the  publication  of  the  10th 
edition  in  1856, — thirty-eight  years  after  the  publication 
I  of  the  1st  edition, — and  to  receive  increasing  testimonies 
j  of  its  utility  to  all  classes  of  readers,  but  especially  to 
|  ministers  and  students  for  the  ministry.     From  the  very 
numerous  critical  testimonies  in  favour  of  this  invaluable 
work,  we  select  the  following : 
The  first  edition : 

"Of  all  the  works  which  of  late  years  have  been  presented  to 
the  notice  of  the  Biblical  student,  this  is  one  of  the  most  correct 
and  useful.  It  is  an  encyclopaedia  of  theological  knowledge.  It 
is  a  complete  abridgment  of  many  extensive  treatises  of  the  most 
celebrated  divines  both  of  our  own  and  foreign  countries ;  and  it 
entitles  its  author  to  the  gratitude  and  approbation  of  every  lover 
of  the  sacred  volume." — Classical  Journal,  Sept.  1819. 

"  This  elaborate  work  reflects  great  credit  on  the  learning  and 
industry  of  its  author,  and  is,  upon  the  whole,  well  calculated  to 
answer  the  purposes  for  which  it  was  designed." — British  Critic, 
June,  1819. 

"It  is  saying  much,— yet,  as  far  as  our  knowledge  of  Biblical  works 
extends,  not  too  much, — to  assert  of  these  volumes,  that  they  con 
stitute  the  most  important  theological  publication  of  their  kind 
which  has  appeared  iu  this  or  any  other  country  for  some  years. 

No  well-assorted  theological  library  can  be  long  without  it ; 

and  even  those  students  in  divinity  whose  pecuniary  resources 
are  too  limited  to  admit  of  wanton  expenditure  would  do  well,  on 
the  score  of  economy,  to  include  these  volumes  in  their  library." 
— Christian  Observer,  November,  1819. 

"  This  work  contains  every  information  which  the  general  reader 
of  Scripture  can  possibly  require;  but  to  clergymen,  and  to  those 
•who  are  preparing  for  the  sacred  office,  it  is  an  invaluable  manual; 
and  (what  is  no  mean  consideration)  it  is  also  a  cheap  one." — Lite 
rary  Panorama,  September,  1818. 

"  It  is  all  it  pretends  to  be,  and  even  more,  being  written  with 
!  a  judicious  perspicuity,  and  executed  with  a  degree  of  correctness 
that  we  do  not  often  witness."— Evangelical  Magazine,  Oct.  1818. 
The  second,  third,  fourth,  fifth,  and  sixth  editions  : 
"Upon  the  whole,  it  is  a  very  useful  publication,  and  does  great 
credit  to  the  industry  and  researches  of  the  indefatigable  author." 
j  —Bishop  Marsh's  Lectures  on  the  Criticism  and  Interpretation  of  the 
\  Bible,  pp.  52,  53,  ed.  of  1828. 
I      "I  would  advise  the  younger  clergy,  and  candidates  for  Holy 


HOR 


HOR 


Orders,  to  acquaint  themselves,  in  an  early  stage  of  their  critical 
researches,  with  Home's  Introduction  to  the  Study  of  the  Scrip 
ture  ;  a  work  which  in  itself  comprises  a  hody  of  critical  theology, 
and  which  introduces  the  reader  to  the  hest  sources  of  informa 
tion." — Bishop  Jebb's  Primary  Charge  to  the  Clergy  of  the  Diocese 
of  Limerick,  in  1823,  p.  10,  (Dublin.  1823.) 

"  T.  Hartwell  Home  has  not  only  analyzed  with  extraordinary 
diligence  all  the  principal  writers  on  the  Evidences  of  Christianity, 
but  has  supplied  the  defects  of  many  of  them,  by  enforcing  those 
moral  and  religious  considerations  arising  from  the  intrinsic  ex 
cellency  of  Christianity  and  the  responsibility  of  man,  which,  in 
the  author's  judgment,  are  so  unspeakably  important." — Bishop 
Wilson's  (of  Calcutta)  Lectures  on  the  Evidences  of  Christianity,  vol. 
i.,  Pref,  p.  xiv. 

"Such  a  monument  of  successful  industry  and  luminous  ar 
rangement  as  the  present  age  has  seldom  seen ;  a  copious  instruc 
tion  for  every  young  theologian,  and  an  ample  treasure  of  reminis 
cence  to  the  most  accomplished." — Archdeacon  JVares's  Visitation 
Sermon  before  the  Archdeacon  and  Clergy  of  Vie  City  of  London,  in 
1823,  p.  24. 

"  So  comprehensive  and  complete  as  quite  to  supersede  many 
works  that  would  otherwise  have  been  necessary." — Bicker steth's 
Christian  Student,  p.  454,  (London,  1829.) 

"  Great  advantages  may  be  derived  from  the  repeated  perusal  of 
Home's  Introduction  to  the  Critical  Study  of  the  Scriptures,  in  4 
vols.  8vo. ...  It  contains  much  invaluable  information  respecting 
the  ancient  manuscripts  and  versions  of  the  sacred  books,  the  care 
•with  which  they  were  preserved  before  the  invention  of  printing, 
the  manner  in  which  they  have  been  transmitted  to  our  own  times, 
together  with  a  full  view  of  Jewish  Antiquities,  and  a  suitable  in 
troduction  to  prepare  the  reader  for  entering  on  the  study  of  each 
inspired  book." — Gibbs's  Directions  for  Searching  the  Scriptures,  p. 
38,  (Edinburgh,  1828.) 

"  Read  Hartwell  Home.  This  is  an  invaluable  book  for  a  young 
man ;  and  you  must  not  lay  him  aside  till  you  have  fully  digested 
his  admirable  compilations,  to  guide  you  in  more  discursive  read- 
Ing  hereafter." — Letter  to  a  Young  Man  matriculating  at  the  Uni 
versity:  Domestic  Portraiture,  &c.,  p.  128,  (London,  8vo,  1833.) 

"  Every  Biblical  student  may  be  congratulated  on  the  opportu 
nity  which  he  possesses  of  acquiring,  in  these  approved  volumes, 
the  most  comprehensive  digest  of  Biblical  erudition  extant  in  Eng 
lish  Literature."— ion.  Eclectic  Review,  January,  1822. 

"  One  of  the  most  valuable  works  that  exists  in  this  or  any  other 
language." — Edinburgh  Christian  Instructor,  May,  1833. 

"Ouvrage  important,  qui  r6unit  de  nombreux  renseignemens 
geographiques,  historiques,  bibliographiques,  et  critiques,  relatifs 
k  la  litte>ature  biblique."— BRUNET  :   Supplement  au  Manuel  du 
Libraire,  torn.  ii.  p.  200,  (Paris,  1834,  8vo.) 
The  seventh  edition : 

"  It  augurs  well  for  the  cause  of  Biblical  Literature  in  this 
country,  that  edition  after  edition  of  this  important  and  increas 
ingly-valuable  work  should  so  rapidly  issue  from  the  press.  When 
the  laborious  and  learned  author  entered  the  field,  it  was  compara 
tively  unoccupied;  and  now,  after  the  lapse  of  fifteen  years,  not 
withstanding  all  that  has  been  done  for  promoting  the  critical 
study  and  knowledge  of  the  Bible  among  us,  he  may  still  be  said 
to  occupy  it  unrivalled  and  alone.  During  the  whole  of  that  pe 
riod  he  has  evidently  availed  himself  of  every  new  source  that  has 
been  opened,  from  which  to  derive  improvements ;  diligently  can 
vassed  the  pages  both  of  domestic  and  foreign  literature ;  re-exa 
mined  authorities  and  quotations;  and  left  no  measure  unem 
ployed  by  which  his  work  might  receive  that  degree  of  perfection 
of  which,  from  the  nature  of  the  circumstances,  it  was  susceptible." 
—Congregational  Magazine.  September,  1834. 

"A  work  which  is  beyond  all  contradiction  the  most  valuable 
introduction  to  the  Sacred  Writings  which  has  been  ever  pub 
lished.  It  is  a  storehouse  of  Biblical  learning;  and  we  recom 
mend  it  the  more  cordially  to  our  readers,  as  it  may  be  put  into 
the  bands  of  students  with  the  most  perfect  safety." — Christian 
Remembrancer,  October,  1834. 
The  eighth  edition: 

"  It  is  needless  that  we  should  say  any  thing  to  commend  such 
a  publication.  It  is  one  of  the  first  books  which  should  be  secured 
by  the  young  minister;  and  the  intelligent  and  reading  of  every 
class,  ministers  and  laymen,  will  find  ample  reward  in  the  perusal 
of  its  richly-stored  pages."— Lon.  Eclectic  Review,  April,  1839. 

"  These  admirable  volumes  are  too  well  known  to  require  either 
description  or  recommendation :  their  character  is  now  established, 
both  as  a  standard  work  and  as  a  complete  encyclopaedia  of  Bibli 
cal  knowledge.  .  .  .  The  publication  of  this  new  and  improved 
edition  will  afford  the  opportunity  to  a  number  of  persons,  candi 
dates  for  the  ministry  or  otherwise*  to  become  purchasers.  Young 
ministers  and  students  ought  to  possess  it.  Instead  of  that  de 
sultory  and  superficial  reading,  which  imparts  much  less  infor 
mation  than  it  seems  to  do,  and  leaves  the  mind  undisciplined, 
they  oujrht  to  lay  before  them  (in  connexion  with  suitable  works 
in  doctrinal  theology)  Mr.  Home's  text-book  of  a  vast  subject,  and 
diligently  and  patiently  pursue  the  subject  for  two  or  three  years. 
But  we  see  no  necessity  for  confining  the  work  to  ministers  and 
ministerial  studentR.  ...  We  recommend  Mr.  Home's  work  as  a 
family  work,  to  which  the  youthful  members  may  have  access,  and 
with  which  they  may  become  thoroughly  acquainted."—  We.sleya.n- 
Methodist  Magazine,  March,  1839. 

"In  every  theological  library  this  work  is  indispensable.    It 

contains  a  singular  display  of  good  sense  and  persevering  indus 

try,  and  is  by  far  the  most  complete  publication  of  the  kind  that 

ever  issued  from  the  British  press,  or  perhaps  in  any  language 

There  is  scarcely  a  question  relating  to  the  study  of  the  Holy 

Scriptures,  which  is  not  here  discussed  in  an  able  and  satisfactory 

manner.     As  long  as  a  taste  for  sound  Biblical  Literature  shall  be 

cherished,  this  work  will  secure  for  its  author  the  highest  esteem 

and  grateful  respect."— Second  Appendix  to  Dr.  Wittiams's  Chris 

tian  Preacher,  5th  edition,  p.  355,  (London,  1843.) 

Ninth  edition : 

"  Mi.  Home's  great  work  has  been  too  long  before  the  public  to 

890 


eed  a  formal  introduction  to  the  notice  of  either  lay  or  clerical 
eaders.  The  appearance  of  a  ninth  edition  sufficiently  attests  the 
stimation  in  which  it  is  deservedly  held :  nor  do  we  hazard  too 
auch  when  we  assert  that  it  has  undoubtedly  raised  the  character 
f  theological  and  Biblical  literature  throughout  Christendom, 
here  is,  in  feet,  scarcely  a  single  question  relating  to  the  study 
rf  the  Scriptures,  which  Mr.  Home  has  not  ably  discussed  and 
satisfactorily  settled.  His  Introduction  is  one  of  those  works  with 
which  Biblical  students  and  candidates  for  Holy  Orders  cannot 
oo  soon  make  themselves  thoroughly  acquainted,  and  the  acqui- 
ition  of  which  they  will  never  regret."— Church  and  State  Gazette, 

The  10th  edition  passed  through  the  press  in  the  same 
lonth  as  that  in  which  this  article  was  written,  (Nov.  1856.) 
ur  own  obligations  to  this  work  in  the  preparation  of 
iis  Dictionary  will  be  best  understood  by  the  many  refer- 
nces  to  the  INTRODUCTION  scattered  through  our  pages ; 
lough  these  extracts,  valuable  as  they  ar«»  do  not  fully 
xpress  the  amount  of  our  indebtedness  to  this  admirable 
epository  of  Biblical  literature.  The  tone  of  Christian 
harity  and  gentlemanly  courtesy,  united  with  a  zealous 
efence  of  what  he  believes  to  be  sound  doctrine,  which 
.istinguishes  the  criticisms  of  Dr.  Home,  cannot  escape 
he  notice  of  the  readers  of  the  INTRODUCTION. 

Besides  the  ten  editions  printed  in  England,  Mr.  Home's 

work  has  been  repeatedly  reprinted  in  the  United  States, 

ut  without  any  pecuniary  advantage  to  the  author,  in 

vols.  imp.  8vo,  and  also  in  4  vols.  8vo,  to  the  amount  of 
many  thousand  copies;  which,  added  to  the  aggregate 
lumber  of  15,000  copies  of  the  first  nine  London  editions, 
xhibits  an  unprecedented  sale  for  a  work  of  this  cha- 
acter;  especially  when  the  bulk  and  price  are  considered. 
?hfs  extensive  circulation  may  be  ascribed,  in  part  at 
east,  to  the  facts  that  the  Introduction  has  throughout 
>een  the  joint  result  of  prayer  and  indefatigable  study, 
egardless  of  expense  in  procuring  the  requisite  critical 
aids,  and  that  it  is  not  a  sectarian  work.  Christians  of 
very  denomination  have  studied  it  to  their  great  advan- 
age;  and  Mr.  Home,  in  the  course  of  his  long  life  (he  is 
low  in  the  78th  year  of  his  age)  has  been  permitted  to 
eceive  not  a  few  testimonies  from  persons  who  have  been 
preserved  or  rescued  from  infidelity  by  his  labours.  Mr. 
Kennedy,  the  biographer  of  our  distinguished  countryman, 
William  Wirt,  states  that 

"  To  Home's  Introduction,  particularly,  he  was  accustomed  to 
express  his  obligations  for  the  conviction  of  his  own  mind ;  and 
10  never  lost  an  opportunity  of  commending  it  to  a  friend." 

In  his  letters  to  his  children,  among  other  books  on  the 
subject  of  religion,  he 

"  Urged  them  to  the  careful  perusal  of  Home's  Introduction  to 
;he  Critical  Study  of  the  Scriptures." — Kennedy's  Memoirs  of  W, 
Wirt,  vol.  ii.  p.  388. 

It  has,  in  fact,  conduced  more  than  any  other  modern 
work  to  the  enlarged  study  of  sacred  literature;  and 
eventually  it  led  to  the  realization  of  Mr.  Home's  long- 
cherished  wish  of  devoting  himself  to  the  ministry  in  the 
Church  of  England.  The  death  of  his  parents  having 
prevented  him  from  prosecuting  his  studies  at  either  of 
the  English  universities,  Dr.  Howley,  at  that  time  Bishop 
of  London,  disregarded  his  want  of  an  English  academical 
degree,  and,  considering  his  Introduction  as  an  appro 
priate  and  honourable  passport  to  Holy  Orders,  ordained  him 
in  1819.  In  the  preceding  year  the  University  of  King's  Col- 
iege,  Aberdeen,  conferred  on  Mr.  Home  the  degree  of  M.A. 
In  1829  Mr.  Home  performed  the  academical  exercises 
required  by  the  University  Statutes,  and  proceeded  to  the 
degree  of  B.D.  in  the  University  of  Cambridge;  and  in 
1841  the  University  of  Pennsylvania  conferred  upon  Mr. 
H.  the  degree  of  D.D.  In  1833  Dr.  Howley  (then  Arch 
bishop  of  Canterbury)  presented  him  to  the  rectory  of  St. 
Edmund-the-King  with  St.  Nicholas  Aeons,  in  the  city 
of  London,  as  a  small  token  of  his  esteem  for  Mr.  Home's 
personal  worth,  and  his  sense  of  the  services  which  Mr. 
H.  had  rendered  by  his  works  to  the  theological  and  Bibli 
cal  student.  Dr.  Blomfield,  Bishop  of  London,  had  pre 
viously  collated  him  to  the  prebend  of  Sneating,  in  the 
Cathedral  of  St.  Paul,  as  a  mark  of  the  esteem  which  tbo 
bishop  entertained  of  the  value  of  those  services  which 
Mr.  Home  had  rendered  to  the  cause  of  Christianity  by  his 
different  publications,  especially  his  Introduction  to  the 
Study  of  the  Scriptures.  As  the  population  of  the  United 
Parishes  (of  which  Mr.  H.  is  rector)  is  small,  he  has  found 
time  to  produce  many  valuable  publications,  and  also  to 
keep  up  an  extensive  correspondence  with  literary  men, 
and  especially  with  those  who  are  engaged  in  controversy 
with  the  advocates  of  the  modern  Church  of  Kome. 
Several  of  his  publications  were  written  primarily  for  the 
edification  of  his  parishioners  and  their  families,  by  whom 

they  were  gratefully  received  and  acknowledged.  It  only 
remains  to  state,  in  concluding  this  notice  of  Mr.  Home's 


HOE 


HOR 


literary  career,  that  in  1809  he  was  elected  Sub-Librarian  [ 
of  the  Surrey  Institution,  which  office  he  held  until  the  j 
institution  was  dissolved  for  want  of  the  requisite  funds, 
in  1823.  In  1824  he  was  applied  to,  and  eventually  en 
gaged,  by  the  then  Trustees  of  the  British  Museum,  to 
undertake  a  classed  catalogue  of  that  library.  For  their 
consideration,  and  by  their  desire,  he  drew  up  the  Outlines 
for  the  Classification  of  a  Library,  which  were  printed  in 
1825.  After  very  considerable  progress  had  been  made  in 
that  classed  catalogue,  it  was  suspended  for  a  new  General 
Alphabetical  Catalogue,  which  is  now  in  progress,  and 
on  which  Mr.  Home  is  still  employed  as  an  Assistant 
Librarian.  If  that  classed  catalogue  had  been  completed, 
it  would,  on  a  large  scale,  have  been  what  Mr.  Home's 
valuable  classed  catalogue  of  Queen's  College  Library, 
Cambridge,  is  on  a  smaller  scale.  The  following  is  a  cor 
rect  list  of  Mr.  Home's  publications  : 

1.  A  Brief  View  of  the  Necessity  and  Truth  of  the  Chris 
tian  Kevelation,  Lon.,  1800;  2d  ed.,  1802,  8vo. 

2.  A  View  of  the  Commerce  of  Greece,  by  Felix  Beau- 
jour;  translated  from  the  French,  1800,  8vo. 

3.  An  Essay  on  Privateers,  Captures,  and  Recaptures, 
according  to  the  Laws,  Treaties,  and  Usages  of  the  Mari 
time  Powers  of  Europe,  by  M.  de  Martens.     To  which  is 
subjoined  a  Discourse,  in  which  the  Rights  and  Duties 
of  Neutral  Powers  are  briefly  stated;  translated  from  the 
French,  1801. 

4.  A  Compendium  of  the  Statute  Laws  and  Regulations 
of  the  Court  of  Admiralty  relative  to  Ships  of  War,  Pri 
vateers,  Prizes,  Recaptures,  and    Prize-Money;  with  an 
Appendix  of  Precedents,  1803,  12mo. 

5.  Wallis's  Pocket  Itinerary ;  being  a  New  and  Accurate 
Guide  to  all  the  Principal,  Direct,  and  Cross-Roads  through 
out  England,  Wales,  and  Scotland,  1803,  18mo.  Anon. 

6.  A  Treatise  on  Captures  in  War,  by  Richard  Lee,  Esq. ; 
2d  ed.,  corrected,  with   additional  Notes  by  Mr.  Home, 
1803,  8vo. 

7.  Hints  on  the  Formation  and  Management  of  Sunday- 
Schools,  1807,  12mo.  Anon. 

8.  A  Reading  upon  the  Statute  of  Sewers,  by  Robert 
Callis,  Sergeant-at-Law;  4th  ed.,  corrected  and  enlarged 
by  Mr.  Home,  1810,  r.  8vo. 

9.  Bibliotheca  Legum;  or,  a  Complete  Catalogue  of  the 
Common  and  Statute  Law-Books  of  the  United  Kingdom, 
arranged  in  a  new  manner,  by  John  Clarke.     The  mate 
rials  were  collected  by  the  publisher,  Mr.  Clarke ;  but  the 
whole  were  arranged,  corrected,  and  edited  by  Mr.  Home, 
1810.  8vo.     See  CLAUKE,  JOHN. 

10.  A  Catalogue  of  the  Library  of  the  Surrey  Institution, 
methodically  arranged,  1811 ;  2d  ed.,  1812,  8vo.  Anon. 

11.  A  Catalogue  of  the  Harleian  Manuscripts  in  the 
British  Museum,  classed  according  to  their  Subject-Matter; 
forming  the  4th  vol.  of  the  Catalogue  of  the  Harleian  Manu 
scripts,  1812,  8vo. 

12.  An  Introduction  to  the  Study  of  Bibliography ;  to 
which  is  prefixed  a  Memoir  on  the  Public  Libraries  of  the 
Antients,  1814,  2  vols.  8vo. 

13.  A  Compendious  Law  Dictionary,  by  Thomas  Potts ; 
a  new  ed.,  carefully  revised,  corrected,  and  enlarged,  by 
Mr.  Home,  1815,  8vo  and  12mo. 

14.  An  Illustrated  Record  of  Important  Events  in  the 
Annals  of  Europe  during  the  years  1812,  '13,  M4,  and  '15, 
fol.  Anon. 

15.  The  Lakes  of  Lancashire,  Westmoreland,  and  Cum 
berland,  delineated  in  43  Engravings  after  the  Drawings 
of  Joseph  Farington,  R.A. ;  with  Descriptions,  Historical, 
Topographical,  and  Picturesque,  the  result  of  a  Tour  made 
by  T.  H.  Home  in  the  year  1816,  1816,  fol. 

16.  The  History  of  the  Mohammedan  Empire  in  Spain; 
designed  as  an  Introduction  to  the  Arabian  Antiquities  of 
Spain,  by  James  Cavanagh  Murphy,  1816,  4to.     This  vo 
lume  was  written  in  conjunction  with  John  Gillies,  LL.D., 
and  Mr.  Professor  John  Shakspear,  of  the  East  India  Col 
lege.     One-half  of  this  volume  was  contributed  by  Mr. 
Home ;  who  also  edited  Mr.  Murphy's  Arabian  Antiquities 
of  Spain,  1816,  fol.,  Mr.  M.  having  died  without  leaving 
any  materials  for  the  descriptions  of  the  engravings. 

17.  An  Analysis  of  the  Picture  of  the  Transfiguration, 
by  Raffaello  Sanzio  d'Urbino ;  translated  from  the  French 
of  S.  C.  Croze-Maignan,  by  Mr.  Home,  with  the  Remarks 
and  Observations  of  Vasari,  Mengs,  Reynolds,  Fuseli,  and 
other  distinguished  artists,  1817,  fol. 

18.  An  Introduction  to  the  Critical  Study  and  Knowledge 
of  the  Holy  Scriptures,  with  Maps  and  Fac- Similes  of 
Biblical  Manuscripts,  1818,  3  vols.  8vo;  9th  ed.,  revised, 
corrected,  and  enlarged,  by  Mr.  Home,  1846,  5  large  vols. 
8vo;  10th  ed.,  by  Mr.  Home,  with  the  assistance  of  Samuel 


Davidson,  D.D.,  LL.D.,  and  of  Samuel  Prideaux  TregeU 
les,  LL.D.,  1856,  4  vols.  in  5,  8vo,  (vide  ante.)  In  the  10th 
ed.,  the  valuable  bibliographical  volume  of  Mr.  Home  has 
been  necessarily  (though  on  his  part  most  reluctantly) 
omitted  in  order  to  make  room  for  much  new  critical  mat 
ter.  Part  of  Mr.  Home's  first  volume,  on  the  Internal 
Evidences  of  the  Inspiration  of  the  Scriptures,  was  trans 
lated  into  Romaic,  or  modern  Greek,  by  Professor  Nicholas 
Bambas,  (afterwards  of  the  University  of  Athens,)  and 
published  in  1834,  at  Hermopolis,  in  the  island  of  Syra, 
and  was  largely  circulated  in  Greece.  The  translation 
is  entitled,  'EatoTtpiKai  ivapytiat  TTK  ^ttvevae^  TMV  ypa<p<ov. 
Oewpia  o>0iAi//a>raTr/  cig  iravra  dvSpwmov,  tK  TOV  AyyXiwu  j»£ra- 
<t>pa<rSt£iffa  into  N.  Ba/i/Sa.  ~Ev  Ep//owroX£«,  awA<5'. 

19.  Deism  Refuted ;  or,  Plain  Reasons  for  being  a  Chris 
tian,  Lon.,  1819,  12mo.     Reprinted  at  Philadelphia,  1820, 
12mo ;  6th  ed.,  Lon.,  1826,  12mo.    This  little  volume,  with 
Mr.  Home's  permission,  contributed  five  tracts  to  the  series 
published  by  the  London  Religious  Tract  Society,  viz. : 
Nos.  316,  318,  319,  321,  and  701. 

20.  The  Scripture  Doctrine  of  the  Trinity  briefly  stated 
and  defended,  and  the  Church  of  England  vindicated  from 
the  charge  of  Uncharitableness  in  retaining  the  Athana- 
sian  Creed,  1820;  2d  ed.,  corrected,  1826,  12rno. 

21.  Commentaries  on  the  Roman-Dutch  Law,  by  Simon 
ran  Leeuwen,  LL.D.;    translated  from  the  Dutch  by  a 
Cingalese  Modeliar,  or  Native  Magistrate :  collated  through 
out  with  Van  Leeuwen's  Censura  Forensis,  and  edited, 
with  numerous  additional  references  to  the  Text-Books  on 
the  Roman  Civil  Law,  by  Mr.  Home,  1820,  r.  8vo.    Nearly 
the  whole  edition  of  this  work  was  sent  to  the  island  of 
Ceylon,  where  it  is  of  the  highest  authority. 

22.  The  Works   of  William   Hogarth,   (including  the 
Analysis  of  Beauty.)  elucidated  by  Descriptions,  critical, 
moral,  and  historical;  to  which  is  prefixed  Some  Account 
of  his  Life,  by  Mr.  Home.     The  engravings  were  executed 
by  Thomas  Clerk,  an  engraver  at  Edinburgh,  1821,  2  vols. 
8vo. 

23.  Outlines  for  the  Classification  of  a  Library,  respect 
fully  submitted  to  the  consideration  of  the  Trustees  of  the 
British  Museum,  by  Mr.  Home,  1825,  4to. 

24.  A  Catalogue  of  the   Library  of  the  College  of  St. 
Bernard  and  St.  Margaret,  commonly  called  Queen's  Col 
lege,  in  the   University  of  Cambridge ;   methodically  ar- 
.ranged,  1827,  2  vols.  r.  8vo.     This  catalogue  is  classified 

according  to  the  principles  and  order  developed  in  the 
preceding  Outlines  for  the  Classification  of  a  Library. 

25.  Romanism  contradictory  to  the  Bible ;  or,  the  Pecu 
liar  Tenets  of  the  Church  of  Rome,  as  exhibited  in  her 
accredited  Formularies,  contrasted  with  the  Holy  Scrip 
tures,  Lon.,  1827,  8vo.      Translated  into  Spanish  by  the 
Rev.  W.  H.  Rule,  and  printed  at  Gibraltar  in  1840. 

26.  A  Compendious  Introduction  to  the  Study  of  the 
Bible ;  being  an  Analysis  of  the  Introduction  to  the  Criti 
cal  Study  and  Knowledge  of  the  Holy  Scriptures,  Lon., 
1827,  12mo.     Reprinted  at  Boston,  Mass.,  1827,  12mo; 
9th  ed.,  1852, 12mo.     This  is  an  abridgment  of  Mr.  Home's 
larger  Introduction. 

27.  A  Manual  of  Parochial  Psalmody,  adapted  to  the 
services  of  the  Church  for  every  Sunday,  &c.  throughout 
the  Year,  Lon.,  1829;  40th  ed.,  1856,  18mo;  also  eds.  in 
I2mo  and  32mo. 

28.  A  Selection  (by  Mr.  Home)  of  Psalm  and  Hymn- 
Tunes,  by  the  Best  Composers,  antient  and  modern;  the 
whole  harmonized  and  arranged  for  the  Manual  of  Paro 
chial  Psalmody,  by  Thomas  Henshaw,  1829.     New  ed., 
1852,  ob.  Svo. 

29.  The  Conversion  of  St.  Paul  a  Proof  of  the  Truth  of 
the  Christian  Revelation,  1831,  Svo.  An  anonymous  Tract, 
written  for  the  Society  for  Promoting  Christian  Knowledge. 

30.  A  Manual  for  the  Afflicted ;  comprising  a  Practical 
Essay  on  Afflictions,  and  a  Series   of   Meditations   and 
Prayers  for  those  who  are  in  sorrow,  trouble,  need,  sick 
ness,  or  any  other  adversity,  1832;  3d  ed.,  1842,  18mo. 
Reprinted  at  Boston,  Mass.,  1833,  18mo. 

31.  Bibliographical  Notes  on  the  Book  of  Jasher,  Lon., 
1833,  Svo.     This  detection  of  a  gross  literary  forgery  was 
subsequently  incorporated  in  the  fifth  or  bibliographical 
volume  of  the  Introduction  to  the  Critical  Study  of  the 
Scriptures. 

32.  A  Concise  History  and  Analysis  of  the  Athanasian 
Creed,  with  Select  Scripture  Proofs,  and  answers  to  some 
common  objections,  1834;  2d  ed.,  1837,  18ino. 

33.  A  Protestant  Memorial;  comprising — I.  A  Concise 
Historical  Sketch  of  the  Reformation ;  II.  The  Antiquity 
of  the  Religion  of  Protestants  Demonstrated;  III.  The 
Safety  of  adhering  to  the  Protestant  Church,  and  the  Dan- 

891 


IIOR 


IIOR 


ger  of  continuing  in  the  Church  of  Rome ;  IV.  Romanism, 
or  the  System  of  Doctrine  and  Precepts  maintained  and 
inculcated  by  the  Church  of  Rome,  contradictory  to  the 
Bible,  1835;  10th  ed.,  enlarged,  1850,  12mo. 

84.  Landscape  Illustrations  of  the  Bible ;  from  Original 
Sketches  taken  on  the  Spot  and  engraved  by  W.  and  E. 
Finden,  with  Descriptions  by  Mr.  Home,  1836,  2  vols. 
8vo,  and  fol.  The  Biblical  Keepsake ;  a  new  ed.  of  the 
preceding  work,  with  additions  and  corrections,  1835-37, 
3  vols.  8vo. 

35.  A  Manual  of  Biblical  Bibliography,  1839,  8vo.    This 
is  a  separate  edition  of  the  fifth  or  bibliographical  volume 
of  the  eighth  edition  of  Mr.  Home's  Introduction  to  the 
Study  of  the  Scriptures :  it  was  published  by  request,  for 
the  accommodation  of  bookbuyers  and  booksellers. 

36.  The  Principles  of  Popery  Developed,  in  a  juridical 
and  historical  investigation  of  the  Gunpowder-Conspiracy; 
reprinted  from  the  Church  of  England  Quarterly  Review, 
1840,  Svo.  Anon. 

37.  Mariolatry;  or,  Facts  and  Evidences  demonstrating 
the  Worship  of  the  Virgin  Mary  by  the  Church  of  Rome, 

1840,  Svo.  Anon.     Reprinted,  with  additions  and  correc 
tions  furnished  by  Mr.  Home  to  the  American  editor,  the 
Rev.  S.  F.  Jarvis,  D.D.,  Hartford,  Conn.,  1844,  Svo. 

38.  A  new  edition,  with  corrections  and  additions,  of 
Dr.  J.  Williams's  (Bishop  of  Chichester)  Brief  Exposition 
of  the   Church   Catechism,  with  Scripture-Proofs,  Lon., 

1841,  12mo. 

39.  Popery  the  Enemy  and  Falsifier  of  Scripture ;  or, 
Facts  and  Evidences  illustrative  of  the  conduct  of  the 
Modern  Church  of  Rome,  in  prohibiting  the  Reading  and 
Circulation  of  the  Holy  Scriptures  in  the  Vulgar  Tongue, 
and  also  of  the  Falsification  of  the  Sacred  Text  in  Trans 
lations  executed  by  Romanists,  1844,  8vo.  Anon.    2d  ed., 
corrected  and  enlarged,  1845,  18mo. 

40.  Popery  Delineated;  or,  a  Brief  Examination  and 
Confutation  of  the  Unscriptural  and  Anti-Scriptural  Doc 
trines  and   Practices  maintained  and  inculcated  by  the 
Modern  Church  of  Rome,  1848,  Svo.  Anon. 

41.  The  Communicant's  Companion  ;  comprising  an  His 
torical  Essay  on  the  Lord's  Supper,  with  Meditations  and 
Prayers  for  the  use  of  Communicants,  1855,  32mo. 

Besides  numerous  sermons  communicated  to  different 
journals,  Mr.  Home  has  also  published  the  following 
single  sermons  on  various  public  occasions: 

42.  The  Conformity  of  the  Church  of  England,  in  her 
Ministry,  Doctrine,  and  Liturgy,  to  the  Apostolic  Precept 
and  Pattern ;  to  which  is  added  an  Address  on  the  Origin 
and  Use  of  Confessions  of  Faith   generally,  and  of  the 
Confession  of  Faith  of  the  United  Church  of  England  and 
Ireland  in  particular,  1834 ;  3d  ed.,  corrected  and  enlarged, 
1835,  Svo. 

43.  Jewish  and  Christian  Privileges  Compared;  Chris 
tian    Diligence;    Patriotism   a   Religious    Duty:    Three 
Sermons  preached  before  the  Lord-Mayor,  Judges,  and 
Members  of  the  Corporation  of  the  City  of  London,  in  the 
year  1837,  1837,  4to. 

44.  The  Sovereign's  Prayer  and  the  People's  Duty;  a 
Sermon  on  occasion  of  the  Coronation  of  Queen  Victoria, 
1838,  8vo. 

45.  National  Piety  and  National  Prosperity  inseparably 
connected ;  a  Fast-Day  Sermon,  delivered  April  26,  1854, 
1854,  8vo. 

Dr.  Home  has  further  contributed  numerous  Historico- 
Ecclesiastical  and  Literary  Articles  to  the  Encyclopaedia 
Metropolitana ;  and  also  many  articles  to  critical  journals, 
exposing  the  Principles,  Doctrines,  and  Practices  of  the 
Modern  Church  of  Rome. 

When  the  character,  the  number,  and  the  extensive  cir 
culation  of  Dr.  Home's  works  are  duly  considered,  we  shall 
hardly  be  accused  of  exaggeration  when  we  express  our 
conviction  that  a  more  useful  uninspired  writer  has  seldom 
appeared  among  men.  The  influence  of  his  excellent 
Introduction  to  the  Study  and  Knowledge  ofcthe  Holy 
Scriptures  (to  instance  only  the  most  important  of  his 
works)  has  now  for  a  period  of  nearly  forty  years  directed 
the  instructions  and  moulded  the  lives  of  thousands  of 
the  clergy  and  hundreds  of  thousands  of  the  laity  of 
two  hemispheres.  He  has  now  attained  the  ripe  age  of 
seventy-eight.  May  he  live  to  see  the  publication  of  this 
Dictionary,  in  the  progress  of  which  kindred  pursuits  and 
an  expansive  benevolence  of  heart  have  led  him  to  take 
a  lively  interest  He  was  one  of  our  earliest  guides  in 
Bibliography :  we  very  naturally  wish  him  to  behold  the 
matured  fruits  of  our  anxious  toils. 

Home,  W.  W.,  minister,  Wood  Street,  Cheapside, 
London.  1.  New  Songs  of  Sion,  1794, 8vo.  2.  Two  Serms., 


[  1800,  Svo.  3.  Contention  for  the  Faith,  1S06,  Svo.  4.  Life 
of  Rev.  J.  Bradford,  Svo.  5.  Two  Poems,  1812,  12mo. 

Home,  Wm.     A  Catechism,  Lon.,  1590,  Svo. 

Horneck,  Anthony,  D.D.,  1641-1696,  a  native  of 
Bacharach,  in  the  Lower  Palatinate,  studied  at  Heidel 
berg,  and  was  entered  at  Queen's  Coll.,  Oxf.,  1663;  Vicar 
of  All-Saints,  Oxf.,  1663;  became  Preb.  of  Exeter,  and 
subsequently  of  Westminster  and  Wells ;  Preacher  in  the 
Savoy,  1671.  He  was  a  man  of  great  piety  and  profound 
learning.  He  was  the  author  of  a  number  of  serms.  and 
theolog.  treatises,  of  which  the  following  are  the  best- 
known:  1.  The  Great  Law  of  Consideration,  Lon.,  1677, 
Svo;  llth  ed.,  1729,  Svo.  New  ed.,  1840,  Svo. 

"  Devout  and  edifying." — Bickersteth's  C.  S. 

2.  The  Happy  Ascetick,  Lon.,  1681,  Svo;  3d  ed.,  1693, 
Svo.  New  ed.,  1724,  Svo.  3.  The  Fire  of  the  Altar,  1683, 
12mo.  4.  The  Exercise  of  Prayer,  1685,  Svo  ;  13th  ed.,  1718, 
12mo.  New  ed.,  1845,  18mo.  This  is  a  Supp.  to  No.  2. 
5.  The  Crucified  Jesus ;  or,  an  Acet.  of  the  Nature,  Design, 
Ac.  of  the  Lord's  Supper,  1686,  8vo;  6th  ed.,  1716,  Svo. 
New  ed.,  1839,  12mo. 

"Devotional."— Bickersteth's  C.  S. 

"  His  best  pieces  are  those  upon  Consideration  and  the  Crucified 
Jesus." — DR.  DODDRIDGE. 

6.  Several  Serms.  on  Matt,  v.,  1706,  2  vols.  Svo;  3d  ed., 
1717,  2  vols.  Svo.  Pub.  by  Bishop  Kidder,  (of  Bath  and 
Wells,)  who  has  prefixed  a  Memoir.  The  bishop  remarks, 
referring  to  the  works  of  Horneck  which  were  pub.  by  the 
author : 

"  There  is  a  great  vein  of  piety  and  devotion  which  runs  through 
them;  they  savour  of  the  primitive  simplicity  and  zeal,  and  are 
well  fitted  to  make  men  better." 

Dr.  T.  H.  Home  tells  us  that 

"The  bishop's  character  of  the  writings  published  by  himself 
[Horneck]  is  equally  applicable  to  his  Sermons  on  Matt,  v." — Bill. 

Horneck's  Works  are  also  commended  by  another  emi 
nent  authority  as 

"Exceedingly  pathetic  and  elegant;  chiefly  fit  for  devotional 
subjects :  his  words  are  often  much  greater  than  his  thoughts." — 
DR.  DODDRIPQE. 

See  his  Life  by  Bp.  Kidder;  Athen.  Oxon. ;  Birch's  Life 
of  Tillotson. 

Horneck,  Wm.  Modern  Fortification,  Lon.,  1738, 4to. 

Homer,  Francis,  M.P.,  1778-1817,  a  native  of  Edin 
burgh,  educated  at  the  High  School,  and  at  the  University 
of  that  city,  subsequently  studied  law,  and  became  a  mem 
ber  of  Parliament,  where  he  distinguished  himself  by  his 
knowledge  of  political  economy  and  finance.  Having 
injured  his  constitution  by  excessive  labour  in  the  dis 
charge  of  his  duties  as  a  member  of  the  Bullion  Committee, 
and  in  other  capacities,  he  was  obliged  to  travel  on  the 
Continent  for  the  benefit  of  his  health;  but  his  unfavour 
able  symptoms  increased,  and  he  died  at  Pisa,  Feb.  8,  1817, 
in  the  38th  year  of  his  age.  A  statue  has  been  erected 
to  his  memory  in  Westminster  Abbey.  As  the  author  of 
the  first  part  of  the  Bullion  Report  of  1810,  (the  second 
part  was  penned  by  Mr.  Huskisson  and  the  third  by  Henry 
Thornton,)  Mr.  Homer  is  entitled  to  a  high  rank  as  a  po 
litical  economist.  But  he  was  more  than  this;  he  was  a 
diligent  student  of  intellectual  philosophy,  a  man  of  great 
elevation  of  character,  and  unblemished  purity  in  private 
life.  His  views  on  the  Currency,  which  he  subsequently 
embodied  in  the  Report  of  the  Bullion  Committee,  will  be 
found  in  the  first  number  of  the  Edinburgh  Review,  in  his 
Review  of  Thornton  on  the  Paper  Credit  of  Great  Britain. 
Of  this  periodical  he  was  one  of  the  originators.  His 
Memoirs  and  Correspondence  were  pub.  by  his  brother, 
Leonard  Homer,  in  1843,  Lon.,  2  vols.  Svo ;  2d  ed.,  with 
addits.,  1853,  2  vols.  8vo;  Boston,  by  Little,  Brown  &  Co., 

1853,  2  vols.  Svo.     We  could  quote  many  pages  of  com 
mendation  from  high  authorities  of  Mr.  Homer's  character 
as  a  man  and  statesman,  but  must  be  satisfied  with  refer 
ring  the  reader  to  the  Memoirs  of  Sir  Samuel  Romilly, 
1840,  3  vols.;   Sir  Archibald  Alison's   Hist,  of  Europe, 
1789-1815;  Lord  Brougham's  Statesmen  temp.  Geo.  III., 
Lon.,  1856,  ji.  155-166;  Works  of  Sir  James  Mackintosh, 

1854,  i.  214-215,  n.;  Works  of  the   Rev.  Sydney  Smith, 
1854,  iii.   473-477,   (Letter   to   Leonard   Horner;)   Lord 
Cockburn's   Memorial  of  his   Own  Time,  1856;   Dugald 
Stewart's  Prelim.  Dissert,  to  Eneyc.  Brit. ;  Chambers  and 
Thomson's  Diet,  of  Eminent  Scotsmen,  1855,  iii.  86-90; 
McCulloch's  Lit.  of  Polit.  Econ.,  1845,  173,  297 ;  Edin. 
Rev.,  Ixxviii.  261;   Lon.  Quar    Rev.,  June,  1827,  Ixxii. 
108;  Eclec.  Rev.,  4th  Ser.,  xiii.  506;  Blackw.  Mag.,  i.  3; 
xvii.  515;  xl.  114;   Lon.  Gent.  Mag.,  1825,  Pt.  1,  503; 
1843,  3;  N.  York  Eclec.  Mus.,  iii.  536.     But  we  feel  un 
willing  to  conclude  without  quoting  some  testimonies  to 
the  eminent  merits  of  Francis  Horner: 


HOR 


HOR 


"I  remember  the  death  of  many  eminent  Englishmen;  hut  I 
can  safely  say  I  never  remember  an  impression  so  general  as  that 
excited  by  the  death  of  Francis  Homer." — REV.  SYDNEY  SMITH  : 
ubi  supra. 

"  The  tears  of  those  to  whom  he  was  unknown  were  shed  over 
him.  ...  He  raised  himself,  at  the  early  age  of  thirty-six,  to  a 
moral  authority  which,  without  these  qualities,  no  brilliancy  of 
talents  or  power  of  reasoning  could  have  acquired.  No  eminent 
speaker  of  Parliament  owed  so  much  of  his  success  to  his  moral 
character.  His  high  place  was  therefore  honourable  to  his  au 
dience  and  to  his  country." — SIR  JAMES  MACKINTOSH  :  ubi  supra. 

"  He  died  at  the  age  of  thirty-eight ;  possessed  of  greater  public 
influence  than  any  other  private  man,  and  admired,  beloved, 
trusted,  and  deplored,  by  all  except  the  heartless  or  the  base.  No 
greater  homage  was  ever  paid  in  Parliament  to  any  deceased  mem- 
Ver." — LORD  COCKBURN  :  ubi  supra. 

"Considering  his  knowledge,  his  talents,  his  excellent  judg 
ment,  and  the  prospect  of  years  which  he  had  before  him,  I  con 
sider  his  death  as  a  great  public  calamity."— SIR  SAMUEL  ROMILLY  : 
ubi  supra. 

"Mr.  Horner,  whose  premature  and  lamented  death  alone  pre 
vented  him  from  rising  to  the  highest  eminence  on  the  opposition 
side." — SIR  ARCHIBALD  ALISON  :  ubi  supra. 

"  Never  certainly  was  more  completely  realized  the  ideal  portrait 
so  nobly  imagined  by  the  Roman  poet :  a  calm  devotion  to  reason 
and  justice,  the  sanctuary  of  the  heart  undefiled,  and  a  breast 
glowing  with  inborn  honour. 

'  Compositum  jus  fasque  animo,  sanctosque  recessus 
Mentis,  et  incoctum  generoso  pectus  honesto.'" 

DUGALD  STEWART  :  ubi  supra. 

"  But  this  able,  accomplished,  and  excellent  person  was  now  ap 
proaching  the  term  assigned  to  his  useful  and  honourable  course 
by  the  mysterious  dispensations  under  which  the  world  is  ruled. 
A  complication  of  extraordinary  maladies  soon  afterwards  [after 
the  Parliamentary  session  of  1816]  precluded  all  further  exertion, 
and,  first  confining  his  attention  to  the  care  of  his  health,  before 
a  year  was  over  from  the  date  of  his  last  brilliant  display,  brought 
him,  deeply  and  universally  lamented,  to  an  untimely  grave. 
'Ostendit  terris  hunc  tantum  fata,  neque  ultra 
Esse  sinent.     Nimium  vobis  Romana  propago 
Visa  potens,  Superi,  propria  haec  si  dona  fuissent.'" 

LORD  BROUGHAM  :  ubi  supra. 

Horner,  G.  R.  B.,  M.D.  1.  Medical  and  Topogra 
phical  Observations  upon  the  Mediterranean,  and  upon 
Portugal,  Spain,  Ac.,  Phila.,  1839,  8vo.  2.  Diseases  and 
Injuries  of  Seamen,  Ac.,  1855,  12mo. 

Horner,  J.  Instruction  to  the  Invalid  on  the  Water- 
Cure,  Lon.,  1855,  12mo. 

Horner,  Leonard,  Secretary  to  the  Geological  So 
ciety.  Papers  in  Geolog.  Trans.,  1811,  '14,  '16.  Other 
publications. 

Horner,  T.  Land  Survey;  or,  Descrip.  of  an  Im 
proved  Method  of  Delineating  Estates,  Lon.,  1813,  8vo. 

Horner,  W.  G.  Mathemat.  papers  in  Thorn.  Ann. 
Philos.,  1816,  '17. 

Horner,  William  E.,  M.D.,  late  Professor  of  Ana 
tomy  in  the  University  of  Pennsylvania.  1.  Special  Ana 
tomy  and  Histiology ;  8th  ed.,  Phila.,  1851,  2  vols.  8vo, 
pp.  1130;  with  over  300  Illustrations.  2.  United  States 
Dissector;  or,  Lessons  in  Practical  Anatomy;  5th  ed., 
carefully  revised  and  entirely  remodelled  by  Henry  H. 
Smith,  M.D.,  Fellow  of  the  College  of  Physicians  of  Phila., 
Ac.;  with  177  new  Illustrations,  Phila.,  1856,  demi  8vo. 
3.  Anatomical  Atlas.  See  SMITH,  HENRY  H.,  M.D.  Since 
the  above  was  written,  another  Philadelphian  contribution 
to  Medical  Literature  has  made  its  appearance,  viz. :  The 
Practical  Anatomist;  or,  The  Student's  Guide  in  the  Dis 
secting  Room,  by  J.  M.  Allen,  M.D.,  late  Prof,  of  Anatomy 
in  the  Penna.  Med.  College,  Phila.,  1856,  r.  12mo,  pp.  661 ; 
with  over  260  Illustrations. 

Hornman,  Henry.  De  Virginitate,  Virginium  Statu, 
et  Jure,  Tractatus,  Oxf.,  1669,  12mo. 

Hornor,  S.  S.,  formerly  of  Philadelphia,  now  of  Paris. 
The  Medical  Student's  Guide  in  Extracting  Teeth,  Phila., 
1851,  8vo. 

Hornsby,  Rev.  Thomas,  Savilian  Professor  of  As 
tronomy  at  Oxford.  Astronom.  papers  in  Phil.  Trans., 
1763,  '64,  '69,  '71,  '73. 

Hornsey,  John,  Schoolmaster,  pub.  an  English  Gram 
mar,  Spelling-Book,  Ac.,  1798-1811. 

Horrox,  Jeremiah,  1619-1641,  an  eminent  English 
astronomer,  a  native  of  Toxteth,  near  Liverpool,  was  edu 
cated  at  Emanuel  College,  and  subsequently  (as  Mr.  Rigaud 
has  recently  discovered)  took  holy  orders  and  became  a 
curate  at  Hoole,  near  Preston. 

"  He  was  the  first  who  saw  Venus  in  the  body  of  the  sun,  (Nov. 
24, 1639.)  and  he  was  the  first  who  remarked  that  the  lunar  mo 
tions  might  be  represented  by  supposing  an  elliptic  orbit,  provided 
that  the  eccentricity  of  the  ellipse  were  made  to  vary,  and  an  oscil 
latory  motion  given  to  the  line  of  apsides.  Newton  afterwards 
showed  that  both  suppositions  were  consequences  of  the  theory 
of  gravitation,  and  attributes  to  Halley  part  of  what  is  really  due 
to  Horrox,  as  explained  by  Flamsteed." 

Horrox's  investigations — remarks  the  reviewer  of  Ri- 
gaud's  Historical  Essay  on  the  First  Publication  of  Sir 
Isaac  Newton's  Principia,  1838,  8vo — 


"  Are  all  stamped  with  the  clear  indications  of  a  genius  of  the 
first  order;  and  he  doubtless  would  have  achieved  for  greater  dis 
coveries  had  not  his  privations  and  successes,  his  toils  and  tri 
umphs,  been  together  cut  short  by  his  premature  death  in  1041." 
— Edin.  Rev.,  Ixxviii.  402-438:  Sir  Isaac  Newton  and  Jiis  Contem 
poraries. 

"There  is  reason  to  ascribe  an  invention  of  great  importance, 
though  not  perhaps  of  extreme  difficulty,  that  of  the  micrometer, 
to  Horrox."— Hallam's  Lit.  Hist,  of  Europe,  ed.  1854,  ii.  195. 

"  Horrox  has  the  merit  of  being  among  the  first  who  rightly  ap 
preciated  the  discoveries  of  the  astronomer  just  named,  f  Kepler."] 
— PKOFESSOR  PLAYFAIR  :  3d  Prelim.  Dissert,  to  Encyc.  Brit. 

It  is  not  a  little  to  Horrox's  credit,  that,  whilst  the  astro 
nomical  tables  of  the  day — even  his  master  Kepler's 
(founded  on  the  observations  of  Tycho  Brahe) — were  in 
correct  in  their  calculations  respecting  the  time  of  the 
transit  of  Venus,  the  young  astronomer  himself  foretold 
the  time  very  accurately.  1.  Venus  in  Sole  visa,  anno 
1639,  cum  Notis  Johannis  Hevelii.  This  is  pub.  along 
with  a  work  of  Hevelius's,  en  tit.  Mercurius  in  Sole  visus, 
cum  Notis  Johannis  Hevelii,  Gedani,  anni  1661,  Maij  3, 
cum  aliis  quibusdam  Rerum  Coelestlum  Observation,  ra- 
risque  Phoenomenis,  Dantz.,  1662.  2.  Excerpta  ex  Epis- 
tolis  ad  Gulielmum  Crabtraeum  suum  in  Studiis  Astro- 
nomicis,  Lon.,  1672,  4to.  3.  Observationum  Coelestium 
Catalogus,  1672,  4to.  4.  Novae  Theoriae  Lunaris  Expli- 
catio,  1673,  4to.  5.  Opera  Posthuma, — viz.:  Astronomies 
Kepleriana  defensa  et  promota;  Excerpta  ex  Epistolis  ad 
Crabtraeum  suum;  Observationum  Coelestium  Catalogus; 
et  Lunae  Theoria  Nova,  Edente  Joh.  Wallisio,  1673,  4to ; 
idem,  1678. 

For  further  information  respecting  Horrox,  see  Genl. 
Diet;  Martin's  Biog.  Philos.;  Button's  Diet.;  Birch'a 
Hist,  of  the  Roy.  Soc. ;  Corresp.  of  the  Scientific  Men  of 
the  17th  Century,  1841,  2  vols.  8vo;  Playfair's  Prelim. 
Dissert,  to  Encyc.  Brit. ;  Edin.  Rev.,  Ixxviii.  402-438. 

Horry,  S.  C.  1.  Laws  rel.  to  Licensed  Victuallers, 
Lon.,  1837,  12mo.  2.  Law  and  Prac.  of  Insolvents,  Ac., 
1844,  12mo. 

Horsburgh,  James,  Hydrographer  to  the  E.  I.  Co., 
pub.  several  works  on  navigation,  Lon.,  1803-13.  The 
Memoirs  respecting  the  Navigation  to  and  from  China, 
Ac.  appeared  in  1805,  4to,  and  the  3d  ed.  of  the  Indian 
Directory  in  1826,  2  vols.  4to. 

Horsburgh,  Wm.,  M.D.  Hartfell  Spaw,  Edin.,  1754, 
8vo.  The  same  in  Ess.  Phys.  and  Lit.,  1754. 

Horsefall,  James.  Mathemat.  and  Astronom.  pa 
pers  in  Phil.  Trans,  1768. 

Horscf icld,  Rev.  J.  W.  1.  Hist,  and  Antiq.  of  Sus 
sex,  Lon.,  2  vols.  4to,  £4  4s ;  1.  p.,  £6  6s.  2.  Hist,  and 
Antiq.  of  Lewes  and  its  Vicinity,  with  an  Appendix  by 
Gideon  Mantell,  1824,  4to,  £2  2*.;  2  vols.  4 to,  £3  3s. 

Horseman,  Nicholas.  Appendix  to  Wheare's  Me 
thod  of  Reading  Histories,  Lon.,  1694,  8vo. 

Horsey,  John.  Lects.  on  the  Intellectual  and  Moral 
Powers  of  Man,  Lon.,  1828,  8vo.  These  Lectures  were 
delivered  to  the  students  of  Coward  College,  over  which 
Mr.  Horsey  presided  for  eight  years. 

Horsfall,  John.    The  Preacher,  Lon.,  1574,  '76,  8vo. 
Horsfield,  Thomas,  M.D.   1.  Lepidopterous  Insects,  . 
i  Lon.,  Pts.  1,  2,  r.  4to,  each  £1  11s.  6d.     2.  Zoological  Re- 
!  searches  in  Java,  Ac.,  1821-24,  r.  4to ;  1824,  £8  8s.     3. 
Plantae  Javanicse  Rariores,  1838-52,  fol. ;  50  col'd  engrav 
ings,  £8  8s.     In  the  descriptions  and  observations  Dr.  H. 
was  assisted  by  J.  J.  Bennett  and  R.  Brown.     The  scien 
tific  descriptions  are  in  Latin;  the  general  history,  cha 
racteristics,  details,  Ac.  in  English.     See  a  paper  of  Dr. 
H.'s  on  the  Oopas  or  Poison  Tree  of  Java,  in  Thorn.  Ann. 
Philos.,  1817.     Catalogue  of  the  Birds  in  the  Museum  of 
the  Hon.  East  India  Company. 

Horsford,  J.  Four  Months  in  England,  by  a  West 
j  Indian,  Lon.,  1852,  12mo. 

Horsford,  Mary  Gardiner,  1824-1855,  a  daughter 

j  of  Samuel  S.  Gardiner,  and  a  native  of  New  York,  was 

i  married  in  1847  to  Mr.  Eben  Norton  Horsford,  Rumford 

j  Professor  in  Harvard  University.     Many  of  her  earlier 

productions  were  contributed  to  the  Knickerbocker  Maga- 

I  zine,  the  Lady's  Book,  Ac.     In  1855  she  pub.  at  Boston, 

j  a  vol.  entitled  Indian  Legends  and  other  Poems,  which 

was  favourably  noticed  in  the  North  American  Review  for 

January,  1856. 

Horsley,  Heneage,  Dean  of  Brechin,  a  son  of  Bishop 
|  Samuel  Horsley.  1.  Serm.  on  Absolution,  1804,  4to.  2. 
j  Serm.,  1808.  3.  A  Letter  on  raising  Pecuniary  Supplies, 
|  Ac.,  1842,  8vo. 

Horsley,  John,  1685-1731,  an  eminent  antiquary,  a 

native  of  Mid-Lothian,  of  a  Northumberland  family,  was 

'  pastor  of  a  dissenting  congregation  at  Morpeth.     Britan- 

I  nia  Romana;  or,  the  Roman  Antiquities  of  Britain  j  in 


HOR 


HOR 


three  Books,  Lon.,  1732,  fol.  An  analysis  of  this  truly 
valuable  work  will  be  found  in  Savage's  Librarian.  Sir 
P.  Thompson's  copy  was  sold  for  £13  3».,  and  Willett's  for 
£14;  Heath's,  large  paper,  for  £28  17s.  6d.,  and  Consta 
ble's,  large  paper,  for  £35  10«.  These  are  the  highest 
prices  with  which  we  are  acquainted.  Horsley  left  a 
number  of  unfinished  works  in  MS. ;  some  letters  of  his, 
addressed  to  Roger  Gale,  dated  1729,  will  be  found  in 
Hutchinson's  View  of  Northumberland.  See  Life  of 
Horsley,  by  Rev.  John  Hodgson ;  Chambers  and  Thom 
son's  Biog.  Diet,  of  Eminent  Scotsmen;  Nichols's  Lit 
Anec. 

Horsley,  John.  Longitude  at  Sea ;  Phil.  Trans.,  1764. 

Horsley,  Samuel,  LL.D.,  1733-1806,  a  native  of 
London,  was  educated  at  Trinity  Hall,  Cambridge ;  Curate 
to  his  father,  who  was  Rector  of  Newington  Butts,  1758; 
Rector  of  Newington  Butts,  1759 ;  Secretary  of  the  Royal 
Society,  1773  ;  Rector  of  Aldbury,  Surrey,  1774;  Preb.  of 
St.  Paul's,  1777;  Archdeacon  of  St.  Alban's,  1780;  Rector 
of  Southweald,  Essex,  1782;  Preb.  of  Gloucester,  1787; 
Bishop  of  St.  David's,  1788;  trans,  to  Rochester,  with  the 
Deanery  of  Westminster,  1793 ;  trans,  to  St.  Asaph,  resign 
ing  the  Deanery  of  Westminster,  1802.  He  was  a  man 
of  profound  learning  and  strong  intellectual  powers,  dic 
tatorial  in  controversy,  but  most  benevolent  in  heart.  He 
was  a  useful  member  of  the  Royal  Society,  and  made  con 
siderable  attainments  in  mathematics,  the  classics,  natural 
philosophy,  and  astronomy.  A  number  of  his  astronomical, 
mathematical,  and  other  papers  will  be  found  in  Phil. 
Trans.,  1767-76.  His  name  is  best  known  in  connexion 
with  his  controversy  with  Dr.  Priestley  respecting  the 
faith  of  the  Primitive  Christians  concerning  the  nature 
of  Christ  In  his  (1.)  History  of  the  Corruptions  of  Chris 
tianity,  pub.  in  1782,  2  vols.  8vo,  the  former  placed  at  the 
head  of  these  both  Trinitarianism  and  Arianism;  contend 
ing  that  the  Socinian  doctrine  of  the  mere  humanity  of 
Christ  was  the  unanimous  faith  of  the  first  believers. 
This  position  was  combated  by  Horsley,  in  his  Charge  of 
May  22,  1783,  pub.  1783,  4to.  Priestley  replied  in  his 
Letters  to  Dr.  Horsley,  1783,  8vo;  and  thus  the  war  was 
fairly  commenced.  For  further  information  on  this  head, 
the  reader  is  referred  to  the  authorities  cited  below: 
Horsley's  Tracts  in  Controversy  with  Dr.  Priestley,  3d  ed., 
with  Notes  and  Appendix  by  Rev.  Heneage  Horsley,  Dun 
dee,  1812,  8vo;  and  to  Priestley's  Tracts  in  Controversy 
with  Bishop  Horsley,  with  Notes  by  the  Editor,  and  an 
Appendix,  containing  a  Review  of  the  Controversy,  Lon.. 
1815,  8vo. 

"  The  tracts  which  he  published  in  controversy  with  Dr.  Priestley 
are  written  with  consummate  ability,  and  demonstrate  the  literary 
deficiencies  of  his  bold  antagonist."— Dr.  E.  Williams's  C.  P. 

"  In  his  controversy  with  Dr.  Priestley,  Bishop  Horsley  had  a 
manifest  advantage  (as  is  now  pretty  generally  acknowledged) 
both  in  learning  and  argument."— Edin.  Rev.,  xvii.  467,  q.  v. 

"  The  severest  castigation  which  a  rash  and  arrogant  invader  of 
another's  province  ever  received." 

"Horsley's  productions  in  this  controversy  will  be  read  as 
standard  works,  and  admired  as  models  of  clear  and  powerful 
reasoning.  They  show  a  strong  and  energetic  mind,  rich  in  va 
rious  learning,  trained  in  logical  precision,  quick  in  perceiving  the 
fallacies  of  his  opponent  and  skilful  in  refuting  them." — Lon. 
Quar.  Rev.,  Hi.  399-400,  q.  v. 

"Horsley  was  the  militant  of  the  last  generation,  Herbert 
Marsh  of  the  present." — Southey's  Life  and  Corrcsp. 

See  also  Lowndes's  Brit.  Lib.,  1117;  Cambridge  General 
Repository,  i.  26,  229;  ii.  7,  257;  iii.  13,  250;  and  autho 
rities  cited  at  conclusion  of  this  article.  We  proceed  to 
notice  the  most  important  of  Horsley's  other  productions. 
2.  The  Power  of  God  deduced  from  the  computable  in 
stantaneous  productions  of  it  in  the  Solar  System,  1787, 
8vo.  3.  Apollonii  Pergaei  Inclinationum,  libri  duo  Resti- 
tuti,  Oxf.,  1770,  4to. 

"  In  this,  though  it  required  more  than  the  usual  exertions  of  a 
commentator,  no  very  great  difficulty  presented  itself,  and  Dr. 
Horsley  acquitted  himself  very  much  to  the  satisfaction  of  geo 
meters."— PROFESSOR  PLAYFAIR:  Edin.  Rev.,  iv.  258. 
See  No.  11. 

4.  Remarks  on  the  Observations  made  in  a  late  Voyage 
to  the  North  Pole,  [by  Hon.  Capt.  C.  J.  Phipps,  in  1773,] 
for  determining  the  Acceleration  of  the  Pendulum  in  lati 
tude  79°  51',  Lon.,  1774,  4to. 

"Dr.H.  here  detects  some  errors  of  calculation."—  Watts  Bibl. 
Brit. 

Phipps's  book  [1774, 4to]  and  bound  up  with  it."    See  Rich's  Bibl. 
Amer.  Nova,  i.  195. 

5.  Complete  Edition  of  the  Works  of  Sir  Isaac  Newton, 
tinder  the  title  of  Isaaci  Newtoni  Opera  quae  extant  ommia 
Commentariis,  illustrabat  Samuel  Horsley,  LL.D.,  1779- 
85,  5  vols.  4to. 

"  A  work  requiring  the  exertion  of  uncommon  talents,  and  ac 
companied  with  difficulties  which  Dr.  Horsley  was  by  no  means 
894 


prepared  to  overcome.  Indeed,  we  know  of  no  literary  project, 
even  in  this  day  of  literary  adventure,  of  which  the  failure  has 
been  more  complete."— PROFESSOR  PI.AYFAIR  :  Edin.Rev.,  iv.  258-259. 
See  Biographies  of  Newton;  Lon.  Quar.  Rev.,  iii.  399; 
and  several  of  the  authorities  cited  at  the  conclusion  of 
this  article. 

6.  On  the  Prosodies  of  the  Greek  and  Latin  Languages, 
1796,  8vo.  Anon.     A  work  of  great  merit. 

"  A  work  full  of  erudition,  and  much  esteemed." —  Watt's  Bibl. 
Brit. 

"In  classical  acquirements,  and  in  a  critical  knowledge  of  the 
languages  in  which  the  sacred  books  were  originally  written,  he 
stood  in  the  very  first  rank  of  excellence." — Edin.  Rev.,  xvii.  466. 

7.  Critical  Disquisitions  on  the  18th  Chapter  of  Isaiah; 
in  a  Letter  to  Edward  King,  Esq.,  1796,  1801,  4to.     Also 
in  Biblical  Criticism,  i.  229.     8.  Hosea;  trans,  from  the 
Hebrew,  with  Notes,  Explan.  and  Grit,  1801,  4to;  1804, 
4to.     Also  in  Biblical  Criticism,  with  the  exception  of  the 
serm.  on.  1  Pet.  iii.,  which  is  in  the  ed.  of  1804. 

"  This  is  one  of  the  ablest  pieces  of  criticism  on  a  portion  of 
Scripture  in  the  English  language  The  preface  is  admirably 
written,  and  contains  the  soundest  principles  of  Biblical  interpre 
tation,  as  well  as  excellent  views  of  the  particular  book  to  which 
it  is  prefixed.  The  version  is  nervous,  and  often  characteristic  of 
the  translator's  mind,  as  well  as  of  the  prophet's  style.  The  criti 
cal  notes  display  great  knowledge  of  Hebrew,  though  occasionally 
they  discover  that  Horsley  was  partial  to  novelty  and  paradox, 
and  in  some  degree  influenced  by  his  Hutchinsonian  predilections. 
Few  books  are  more  worthy  of  the  attention  of  the  Biblical  scho 
lar." — Orme's  Bibl.  Bib. 

"  The  preface  contains  a  treasure  of  Biblical  criticism." — Hornets 
Bibl.  Bib. 

"Critical  and  illustrative."— BicJcersteth's  C.  S. 

"This  translation,  with  its  notes,  forms  a  most  valuable  acces 
sion  to  sound  learning;  and  evinces  at  once  the  best  qualities  of 
the  scholar  and  the  divine,  supported  by  sagacity  and  a  powerful 
judgment."— British  Critic,  O.  S.,  xix.  176. 

9.  Elementary  Treatises  on  the  Fundamental  Principles 
of  Practical  Mathematics ;  for  the  use  of  Students,  Oxf., 
1801,  8vo.  10.  Euclidis  Elernentorum  Libri  Priores  XII., 
<fcc.,  1802,  8vo.  11.  Euclidis  Datorum  Liber,  cum  addita- 
mentis,  <fcc.,  1803,  8vo. 

"He  certainly  possessed  competent  information  and  respectable 
acquirements  in  mathematics. .  .  .  His  edition  of  Euclid's  Elements 
and  Data,  and  his  treatise  on  the  elementary  parts  of  plain  mathe 
matics,  are  prepared  with  perspicuity  and  neatness." — Lon.  Quar. 
Rev.,  iii.  399. 

"In  the  mathematical  and  physical  sciences,  if  he  stood  not  in 
the  first  rank,  he  held  at  least  a  very  respectable  station."— Edin. 
Rev.,  xvii.  466. 

But  Nos.  10  and  11  are  reviewed  with  considerable 
severity  by  Professor  Playfair,  in  Edin.  Rev.,  iv.  257-272. 
In  fact,  the  ostentatious  preface  of  the  bishop  aroused 
vigilance  and  sharpened  criticism.  12.  A  Critical  Essay 
on  Virgil's  Two  Seasons  of  Honey,  and  his  Seasons  of 
Sowing  Wheat,  Ac.,  Lon.,  1805,  4to.  See  No.  6.  13. 
Serms.,  Dundee,  3  vols.  8vo :  i.  and  ii.,  1810;  iii.,  1812; 
vol.  ii.,  3d  ed.,  1812;  iii.,  2d  ed.,  1813.  To  these  is  to 
be  added  a  4th  vol.,  Lon.,  1815,  8vo,  containing  9  Serms. 
on  our  Lord's  Resurrection,  and  a  Dissert,  on  the  Prophe 
cies  of  the  Messiah,  <fcc.  The  above  vols.  were  repub.  in 
2  vols.  in  1824,  and  again  in  1829,  (including  the  nine 
serms.  on  the  Resurrection,  and  the  Dissert,  on  the  Pro 
phecies  of  the  Messiah,  &c. ;  3d  ed.,  Lon.,  1822,  8vo;)  in 
all,  4  vols.  in  2.  This  last  ed.,  1829,  2  vols.  Svo,  is  the  first 
complete  ed.  of  Horsley's  Sermons ;  again,  1843,  Svo;  1847, 
8vo;  and  in  collective  ed.  of  his  Theolog.  Works,  1845, 
(vide  post.) 

"His  sermons  are  fine  specimens  of  commanding  eloquence,  and 
contain  many  deep  and  original  views  of  Scripture  facts  and  pro 
phecies."— Dr.  E.  Williams^  C.  P. 

"Much  original,  deep,  devout,  and  evangelical  matter,  with 
much  that  is  bold,  hazardous,  speculative,  and  rash.  . .  .  Bishop 
Horsley's  powers  of  mind  were  of  a  high  order;  and  his  sermons 
and  his  other  works  will  render  assistance  to  the  student  chiefly 
in  the  way  of  criticism.  He  had  the  integrity  and  candour  to 
speak  decidedly  against  the  ignorance  of  many  who  opposed  what 
they  called  Calvinistic  views."— Bickersteth's  C.  S. 

"  Ordinary  readers,  moderately  conversant  with  the  Bible,  and 
with  the  theory  and  practice  of  their  religion,  may  derive  more 
advantage  from  these  discourses  than  from  any  volumes  of  sermons 
which  have  issued  from  the  press  for  the  last  fifty  years." — Edin. 
Rev. 

"  With  very  few  exceptions,  of  the  critical  and  explanatory  cast, 
consisting  of  disquisitions  on  points  of  abstruse  and  difficult  in 
vestigation.  They  are  not  suited  to  the  taste  of  general  readers, 
but  adapted  almost  exclusively  to  those  '  whose  stomachs,'  to  use 
the  author's  own  expression,  'are  qualified  for  the  digestion  of 
strong  meats,'  and  whose  turn  of  mind  has  habituated  them  to 
critical  discussion  and  inquiry.  We  perceive,  in  almost  every 
part,  the  mind  of  Horsley  at  work." — Lon.  Quar.  Rev.,  (on  vols.  i. 
and  ii.,  1810,)  iii.  398-407,  q.  v. 

"They  are  compositions  sui  generis.  Never  perhaps  did  phi 
losophy,  certainly  never  did  the  philosophy  of  physics,  lend  more 
powerful  aid  to  the  cause  of  revelation." — Ibid.,  (on  vols.  i.-iii., 
1810-12,)  ix.  30-39,  q.  v. 

"In  the  sense  in  which  we  have  now  explained  that  term,  every 
discourse  in  the  volumes  before  us  [i.  and  ii.,  1810]  may  justly  ba 
denominated  a  gospel  sermon." — Edin.  Rev.,  xvii.  465-480,  q.  v. 


HOR 

"We  have  indeed  no  hesitation  whatever  to  say,  that  no  such 
sermons  have  issued  from  the  British  press  since  the  commence 
ment  of  our  critical  labours." — British  Critic. 

And  see  Lon.  Month.  Rev.,  Ixxxiv.  82 ;  Phila.  Analec. 
Mag.,  iv.  268. 

14.  Speeches  in  Parliament,  Dundee,  1813,  8vo.  New 
ed.,  Lon.,  8vo.  16.  The  Charges  delivered  at  his  several 
Visitations  of  the  Dioceses  of  St.  David's,  Rochester,  and 
St.  Asaph,  Dundee,  1813,  8vo;  Lon.,  1830,  8vo.  Also  a 
new  ed.  in  18mo,  and  in  collective  ed.,  1845,  (vide  post.) 

"  Some  plain  and  important  truths  openly  and  powerfully  stated. 
It  has  furnished  a  shield  for  men  of  piety  against  the  unjust  re 
proaches  of  their  adversaries."— BickerstetKs  C.  S. 

16.  The  Book  of  Psalms;  trans,  from  the  Hebrew,  with 
Notes,  Crit.  and  Explan.,  1815,  2  vols.  8vo;  3d  ed.,  1833, 
8vo ;  4th  ed.,  1845,  8vo,  in  collective  ed.,  (vide  post.) 

"  This  is  a  posthumous  work,  and  far  inferior  in  merit  and  im 
portance  to  the  former,  [Hosea :  see  No.  8.]  Not  above  half  the 
Psalms  are  translated.  On  the  greater  number  there  are  no  notes, 
and  these  for  the  most  part  are  short  and  imperfect.  Most  of  the 
Psalms  the  bishop  applies  to  the  Messiah,  in  which  he  merely  fol 
lows  the  doctrines  of  Hutchinson.  As  Horsley  never  wrote  what 
did  not  deserve  to  be  read,  even  his  fragments  and  hints  are  cal 
culated  to  be  of  service  to  the  student  of  the  Bible ;  though  such 
a  work  as  this  on  the  Psalms  would  never  have  been  published  by 
the  learned  prelate  himself."—  Orme's  Bibl.  Bib. 

"  Of  considerable  use." — Bickersteth's  C.  S. 


fanciful."— Home's  Bibl.  Bib.,  Title  Morison,  Rev.  John,  D.D. 
1.  1-25 ;  FRY,  JOHN,  No. 


HOS 

Hort,  or  Horte,  Josiah,  d.  1751,  at  an  advanced 
age,  a  Dissenting  minister  at  Marshfield,  Gloucestershire, 
conformed  before  1708;  consecrated  Bishop  of  Ferns  and 
Leighlin,  1721;  trans,  to  Kilmore  and  Ardagh,  1727;  and 
to  the  Archbishopric  of  Tuam,  1742.  He  was  educated  at 
a  Dissenting  academy,  with  Dr.  Isaac  Watts,  who  declared 
that  Hort  was  the  "  first  genius  in  that  seminary."  1.  Serm., 
1708.  2.  Serm.,  1709.  3.  Sixteen  Serms.,  Dubl.,  1738, 
8vo;  Lon.,  1757.  4.  Instruc.  to  the  Clergy  of  Tuam, 
1742,  8vo;  1768,  8vo;  and  in  Clergyman's  Instructor,  349. 

"This  charge  contains  some  excellent  instructions  relative  to 
the  ministerial  offices."—  Watt's  Bibl.  Brit. 

See  Memoirs  by  Dr.  Toulmin ;  Swift's  Works. 

Hort,  Robert,  Rector  of  Temple  Michael,  and  Chap 
lain  to  Archbishop  Hort.  Serm.  on  the  Millennium,  Matt, 
vi.  6.  Printed  at  Dublin;  reprinted,  Lon.,  1748.  New 
ed.,  Dubl.,  1821,  8vo. 

Hort,  William  Jillard,  author  of  The  New  Pan 
theon  ;  or,  an  Introduction  to  the  Mythology  of  the  An 
cients,  (first  ed.,  1808,  12mo;  last  ed.,  1852,  18mo,)  pub. 
many  other  educational  works  on  Geography,  Arithmetic, 
Chemistry,  History,  Chronology,  Reading,  Grammar,  Arts 
and  Sciences,  Natural  History,  Dictionaries,  Ac.,  all  issued 
by  Longman,  of  London. 

Hortentius,  (a  nom  de  plume.)     Deinology;  or,  The 


.,  1801, 


n^^blicS'criticSn  on  the  First  Fourteen  Historical     The  Life  and  Public  Services  of   James  Buchanan    of 

Pennsylvania,  N.  York,  1856,  12mo.  Mr.  Buchanan  was 
elected  President  of  the  United  States  in  1856.  Mr.  Hor- 
ton  has  contributed  a  number  of  articles  to  the  New  York 
journals  since  1851. 
Horton,  Thomas 


Books  of  the  Old  Test.,  and  also  on  the  First  Nine  Pro 
phetical  Books,  <fcc.,  1820,  4  vols.  8yo ;  2d  ed.,  with  addits. 
never  before  pub.,  1844,  2  vols.  8vo.  Also  in  collective 
ed.,  1845,  (vide  post.) 

'•  The  remarks  made  on  the  Psalms  [see  No.  16]  are  quite  as  ap 
plicable  to  all  that  is  in  these  volumes.  As  a  critic,  Horsley  was 
learned,  but  dogmatic.  Stern,  bold,  clear,  and  brilliant,  often  elo 
quent,  sometimes  argumentative,  always  original,  he  was  too  often 
led,  by  his  disdain  of  what  is  common,  into  hazardous  specula 
tions  and  hasty  conclusions,  and  not  unfrequently  into  confident 
assertions  of  dubious  and  paradoxical  points." — Orme's  Bibl.  Bib. 
"  Several  of  his  critical  works  are  posthumous,  and  appear  in  an 
unfinished  state  ;  but  even  these  bear  the  impress  of  his  mind 
and  are  not  unworthy  of  his  great  powers." — Wittiams's  C.  P. 

"Chiefly  posthumous,  and  many  things  that  probably  the 
author  would  not  have  published;  much  original  and  useful 
thought."— Bicker steth's  C.  S. 
See  Home's  Bibl.  Bib. 
A  collective  ed.  of  Horsley's  Theological  Works  was  pub. 
by  Longman  in  1845,  6  vols.  8vo,  £3  9«.,  containing — Bib 
lical  Criticism,  2  vols. ;  Psalms,  1  vol. ;  Sermons,  2  vols. ; 
Charges,  1  vol.  For  further  information  respecting  this 
eminent  prelate,  his  literary  labours  and  theological  and 
political  opinions,  see,  in  addition  to  the  many  authorities 
cited  above,  Nichols's  Lit.  Anec.;  Chalmers's  Biog.  Diet.; 
The  Churchman  Armed,  i.  421;  Wordsworth's  Christian 
Institutes,  iii.  34;  Darling's  Cyc.  Bib.,  i.  1548-1550; 
Works  of  Robert  Hall,  ed.  Lon.,  1853,  iii.  69-74,  75,  76, 
329,  333-338;  Lowndes's  Brit.  Lib.,  647;  Watt's  Bibl. 
Brit;  Williams's  C.  P.,  ed.  1843,  355;  Eclec.  Rev.  for 
1831;  Blackw.  Mag.,  iii.  66;  xvii.  25;  xxix.  65,  71;  xliv. 
739. 

"  Presbyterians  as  we  are,  we  have  a  certain  pride  in  acknow 
ledging  that  the  Church  of  England  has  been  eminently  distin 
guished,  ever  since  the  period  of  the  Reformation,  by  the  talents 
and  learning  of  her  clergy,  and  especially  of  those  who  have  been 
raised  to  the  episcopal  office.  Among  those  who  have  been  Ahus 
raised  in  our  own  times,  we  do  not  know  that  a  greater  could 
easily  be  named  than  the  author  of  the  volumes  before  us." — 
Edin.  Rev.,  xvii.  465-480:  Review  of  Bishop  Horsley's  Sermons, 
1810,  2  vols. 

Horsley,  Wm.    Universal  Merchant,  Lon.,  1753,  4to. 
Horsley,  Wm.,  M.D.     Mineral  Waters,  1814,  12mo. 
Horsley,  Wm.,  Mus.  Bac.,  Oxon.,  the  eminent  com 
poser  of  music,  b.  in  London,  l774,  is  the  author  of  many 
well-known  glees,  and  other  popular  poetical  contributions 
to  the  literature  of  his  profession 

Horsman,  Gilbert.  1.  Precedents  in  Conveyancing, 
1744,  3  vols.  fol. ;  4th  ed.,  3  vols.  8vo,  1785.  See  1  Bart. 
Conv.,  75;  Williams's  Study  of  the  Law,  125;  Marvin's 
Leg.  Bibl.,  397.  2.  Notes  and  Observ.  on  the  Fundamental 
Laws  of  Eng.,  1753,  12mo. 

Horsmanden,  Daniel,  d.  1778,  a  native  of  Eng 
land,  Chief-Justice  of  New  York,  pub.  The  New  York 
Conspiracy;  or,  the  History  of  the  Negro  Plot,  1741-42; 
repub.  in  1810.  The  plot  was  to  burn  the  city :  of  the 
conspirators  fourteen  blacks  were  burnt,  and  eighteen 
blacks  and  ten  whites  were  hanged. 

Ilorsnell,  John.     Serm.,  Lon.,  1705,  4to. 


D.D.,  d.  1673,  a  native  of  Lon 
don,  educated  at,  and  Fellow  of,  Emanuel  Coll.,  Camb., 
Master  of  Queen's  Coll.,  Camb.,  and  Minister  of  St.  Mary 
Colechurch,  London,  1638;  Professor  of  Divinity  at  Gres- 
ham  Coll.,  1641;  Preacher  of  Gray's  Inn,  1647;  Vice- 
Chancellor  of  Cambridge,  1649;  ejected  for  Non-conform 
ity,  1662;  subsequently  conformed  and  became  Vicar  of 
Great  St.  Helen's,  London,  1666.  He  pub.  (separately) 
seven  occasional  serms.,  Lon.,  1653,  '54,  '56,  '57,  '61,  '63, 
72,  and  after  his  death  appeared  (1.)  46  Serms  upon  the 
whole  8th  chap,  of  the  Epistle  to  the  Romans,  1674,  fol. 
2.  8  Serms.  on  Ps.  iv.  1-8, 1675,  fol.  3.  A  Choice  and  Prac. 
Expos,  upon  the  IV.,  VIII.,  XXXI.,  XLIL,  and  LXIII. 
Psalms,  1675.  4.  100  Select  Serms.  upon  several  Texts, 
with  the  Author's  Life,  by  Dr.  Wallis,  1679,  fol. :  fifty 
serms.  upon  the  Old  Test,  and  fifty  upon  the  New  Test. 

"  He  was  a  pious  and  learned  man,  an  hard  student,  a  sound 
divine,  a  good  textuary,  very  well  skilled  in  the  Oriental  lan 
guages,  very  well  accomplished  for  the  work  of  a  minister,  and 
very  conscientious  in  the  discharge  of  it."— DR.  JOHN  WALLIS. 

See  also  Athen.  Oxon. ;  Ward's  Lives  of  Gresham  Pro 
fessors. 

Hortop,  Job.  The  Rare  Trauailes  of  lob  Hortop, 
an  Englishman,  who  was  not  heard  of  in  three  and  twentie 
yeeres  space,  wherein  is  declared  the  dangers  he  escaped 
in  his  Voyage  to  Gynnie,  where,  after  he  was  set  ashoare 
in  a  wilderness,  neere  to  Panico,  hee  endured  much  sla- 
uerie  and  bondage  in  the  Spanish  Galley.  Wherein  also 
he  discouereth  many  strange  and  wonderfull  things,  seene 
in  the  time  of  his  trauaile,  as  well  concerning  wilde  and 
sauage  people,  as  also  of  sundrie  monstrous  beasts,  fishes, 
and  foules,  and  also  trees  of  wonderfull  forme  and  qualitie, 
Lon.,  1591,  4to.  Poor  Job  seems  to  have  suffered  suffi 
ciently  to  give  him  an  additional  title  to  his  patriarchal 
and  time-honoured  designation.  We  trust  that  in  the 
home-relation  of  his  "Rare  Trauails  among  wilde  and 
sauage  people"  the  raconteur  did  not  yield  to  the  tempta 
tion  of  "pulling  the  long  bow,"  for  the  purpose  of  increas 
ing  the  amazement  of  his  wondering  auditors. 

Horwood,  Caroline.  1.  The  Battle  of  Vivaldi, 
1810,  4  vols.  12rno.  2.  St.  Osburgh.  3.  Original  Moral 
Tales  for  Children.  4.  Instructive  Amusement  for  Young 
Minds,  in  Original  Poetry,  1815. 

Hosack,  David,  M.D.,  LL.D.,  1769-1835,  a  native 
of  the  city  of  New  York,  educated  at  Columbia  College, 
and  at  the  College  of  New  Jersey,  received  the  degree  of 
M.D.  at  Philadelphia  in  1791,  and,  after  pursuing  his  stu 
dies  in  Edinburgh  and  London,  became  Professor  of  Botany 
and  of  Materia  Medica  in  Columbia  College.  He  was  in 
structor  in  Physic  and  Clinical  Medicine  in  the  New  Col 
lege  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  and  also  taught  in  the 
Rutgers  Medical  College.  See  our  life  of  FRANCIS,  JOHN 


Hort,  Lt.-Col.,  author  of  The  Secretary,  has  pub.    W.,  M.D.,  LL.D.,  where  we  have  already  dwelt  at  length 
a  number  of  other  novels,  «tc.,  Lon.,  1839-50.  i  upon  matters  that  might  otherwise  claim  a  place  in  the 


IIOS 


HOT 


present  article.  From  1820  to  '28  Dr.  Hosack  was  Pre 
sident  of  the  New  York  Historical  Society,  and  until  the 
time  of  his  death  he  exerted  a  wide  and  commanding  in 
fluence  in  every  department  of  the  society  of  his  native 
city.  1.  Hortus  Elginensis,  Svo.  2.  Facts  relative  to  the 
Elgin  Botanic  Garden,  Svo.  3.  American  Med.  and  Philos. 
Register :  see  FRANCIS,  JOHN  W,,  M.D.,  LL.D.,  No.  16.  4. 
A  Biographical  Memoir  of  Hugh  Williamson,  M.D.,  LL.D., 
&c.,  1820,  Svo.  Reviewed  by  Edward  Everett,  in  N.  Amer. 
Rev.,  xi.  31-37.  The  celebrated  Hutchinson  Letters  are 
noticed  in  the  Memoir  and  in  the  Review.  5.  Essays  on 
Various  Subjects  of  Medical  Science,  1824-30,  3  vols.  Svo. 
6.  Inaug.  Discourse  at  the  Opening  of  Rutgers  Medical 
College,  1826,  Svo. 

"By  all  solicitous  of  information  concerning  the  history  and 
progress  of  medical  affairs  in  the  United  States,  his  discourse  be 
fore  the  Rutgers  College  will  be  studied  with  peculiar  interest."— 
DR.  JOHN  W.  FRANCIS  :  Life  of  Hosack. 

7.  A  System  of  Practical  Nosology,  1829,  Svo;  1831, 
Svo.  8.  Memoirs  of  De  Witt  Clinton,  1829,  4to. 

"A  production  which  will  ever  command  the  regard  of  every 
friend  of  the  system  of  Internal  Improvement  which  ennobles 
the  State  of  New  York." — DR.  JOHN  \V.  FRANCIS  :  ubi  supra. 

9.  Lects.  on  the  Theory  and  Practice  of  Physic,  edited 
by  Rev.  Henry  W.  Ducachet,  M.D.,  1838,  Svo.  A  posthu 
mous  publication,  with  a  portrait.  Dr.  Hosack  also  pub. 
a  paper  on  Vision,  in  Phil.  Trans.,  (Royal  Society,)  1794; 
medical  papers  in  Annals  of  Med.,  1793,  '96;  a  Biogra 
phical  Account  of  Dr.  Benj.  Rush,  of  Phila.,  in  Thorn.  Ann. 
Philos.,  1816 ;  several  discourses,  <fcc.  An  interesting  me 
moir  of  Dr.  Hosack,  by  his  former  pupil  and  partner,  Dr. 
John  W.  Francis,  will  be  found  in  Williams's  American 
Medical  Biography,  276-285.  Dr.  Francis  remarks  that 
from  the  Rev.  Henry  W.  Ducachet,  M.D.,  of  Philadelphia, 
is  expected 

"An  ample  memoir  of  this  distinguished  individual,  whose 
abilities  few  men  are  better  able  to  appreciate  or  more  highly  to 
admire." 

But  we  fear  that  there  is  but  little  prospect  of  the  hope 
being  realized. 

Ho  sack,  John.  1.  Treatise  on  the  Conflict  of  Laws 
of  England  and  Scotland,  Pt.  I,  Lon.,  1847,  Svo.  2.  The 
Rights  of  British  and  Neutral  Commerce,  1854,  12mo. 

Hose,  H.  J.,  Mathematical  Master  of  Westminster 
School.  The  Elements  of  Euclid,  books  i.-vi. ;  xi.,  ( 1-12 ; ) 
xii.,  (1-2,)  Lon.,  12mo.  Text  based  on  Simson's. 

"  Has  various  points  that  recommend  it  for  general  use." — Lon. 
Literary  Gazette. 

Hosier,  John.  The  Mariner's  Friend;  or,  A  Treatise 
on  the  Stars,  Lon.,  1809,  Svo. 

Hosking,  Wm.,  Architect  and  Civil  Engineer.  1. 
Treat,  on  Architecture  and  Building;  from  the  Encyc. 
Brit.,  Lon.,  1839,  4to.  2.  A  Guide  to  the  Regulation  of 
Buildings  as  a  Means  of  securing  the  Health  of  Towns, 
1848,  '49,  p.  Svo.  A  most  important  subject,  truly. 

"  We  must  recommend  this  work  as  a  most  useful  and  well-timed 

S 'eduction,  calculated  to  diffuse  that  knowledge  which  we.  with 
r.  Hosking,  regard  as  most  desirable."— Lon.  Economist. 
Hoskins,  G.  A.     1.  Travels  in  Ethiopia,  Lon.,  1835, 
4to,  £3  13*.  6d. 

"  Extremely  valuable  in  every  point  of  view  to  the  general  reader, 
and  particularly  to  those  who  have  engaged  in  prosecuting  re 
searches  into  Egyptian  antiquity."— ion.  Literary  Gazette. 
Also  highly  commended  by  Lon.  Athenaeum. 

2.  Visit  to  the  Great  Oasis  of  the  Libyan  Desert,  Svo, 
£1  1«. 

"  His  volume  will  interest  the  general  reader  by  the  light  which 
it  throws  on  the  habits,  condition,  and  character  of  a  people  whom 
few  have  visited,  while  the  antiquarian  and  the  philosopher  will 
thankfully  acknowledge  its  valuable  contributions  to  the  cause  of 
true  history  and  science." — Lon.  Eclectic  Review. 

3.  Spain  as  it  is,  1851,  2  vols.  p.  Svo,  £1  1». 

"  To  the  tourist  this  work  will  prove  invaluable.  It  is  the  most 
complete  and  interesting  portraiture  of  Spain  that  has  ever  come 
under  our  notice."— John  Bull. 

Hoskins,  H.  H.  1.  Count  de  Denia;  a  Play,  Lon., 
1841,  r.  Svo.  2.  De  Valencourt;  a  Tragedy,  1842,  Svo. 

Hoskins,  or  Hoskyns,  John,  Sr.,  d.  1638,  a  native 
of  Herefordshire,  educated  at,  and  Fellow  of,  New  Coll., 
Oxf.,  became  a  Sergeant-at-Law,  a  Justice-Itinerant  for 
Wales,  and  one  of  the  Council  of  Marches.  He  was  the 
author  of  a  number  of  epigrams  and  epitaphs  in  Latin  and 
English,  pub.  m  several  collections;  a  work  entitled  The 
Art  of  Memory ;  and  left  in  MS.  some  law-treatises,  and 
an  unfinished  Greek  Lexicon.  See  Bliss's  Wood's  Athen 
Oxon.,  ii.  624-629;  Granger's  Biog.  Hist,  of  Eng.  He 
was  eminent  for  his  skill  in  Latin  and  English  poetry 

"'Twas  he  that  polish'd  Ben  Jonson  the  poet,  and  made  him 
speak  clean,  whereupon  he  ever  after  called  our  author  Father 
Hoskyns;  and  'twas  he  that  view'd  and  review'd  the  Historv  of 
the  World,  written  by  Sir  W.  Raleigh,  before  it  went  to  the  press  '' 
—WOOD:  ubi  supra. 


Ben  Jonson  was  not  unmindful  of  his  obligations  to 
Hoskins;  for  he  was  accustomed  to  say, 

"  rTwas  he  that  polish'd  me;  I  do  acknowledge  it." 

Hoskins,  or  Hoskyns,  John,  Jr.,  d.  1631,  a  native 
of  Herefordshire,  brother  (sic)  to  the  preceding,  and  Per 
petual  Fellow  of  New  Coll.,  Oxf.,  became  Preb.  of  Here 
ford  and  Minister  of  Ledbury.  1.  Serm.,  Lon.,  1609,  4to. 
2.  8  Serms.,  1615,  4to.  3.  Short  Catechism.  See  Bliss's 
Wood's  Athen.  Oxon.,  ii.  510. 

"  He  was  an  able  civilian,  but  better  theologist,  and  much  fol 
lowed  for  frequent  and  edifying  way  of  preaching."— WOOD  :  ubi 
supra. 

Hoskins,  Joseph.     Hymns,  Bristol,  1789,  Svo. 

Hoskyus,  Chandos  Wren.  1.  Short  Inquiry  into 
the  Hist,  of  Agriculture,  Lon.,  1849,  12mo.  2.  Talpa,  or 
Chronicles  of  a  Clay  Farm;  an  Agricultural  Fragment, 
fp.  Svo,  1852,  '53,  '54. 

"  These  works  obtain  very  little  notice."— Donaldson's  Agricult. 

But  we  should  think  three  edits,  in  as  many  successive 
years  very  respectable  "notice."  From  the  commenda 
tions  before  us  of  Talpa,  we  have  space  for  the  following 
only: 

"  Cleverly  written  in  a  vein  of  pleasantry,  the  work  persever- 
ingly  uproots  the  prejudices  of  the  past,  and  demonstrates  that 
scientific  knowledge  is  an  important  element  in  successful  tillage." 
— Lincoln  Mercury. 

Hosmer,  Rev.  William.  1.  Self-Education;  or, 
The  Philosophy  of  Mental  Improvement,  Bath,  N.  York, 
12mo.  2.  Young  Lady's  Book ;  or,  Principles  of  Female 
Education,  Auburn,  N.  York,  12mo.  New  ed.,  N.  York, 
1855,  16mo.  3.  Young  Man's  Book ;  or,  Self-Education, 
Auburn,  N.  York,  12mo.  New  ed.,  N.  York,  1855,  16mo. 
4.  The  Higher  Law  in  its  Relations  to  Civil  Government, 
Auburn,  N.  York,  16mo.  5.  Christian  Beneficence,  1855. 
18mo. 

Hosmer,William  Henry  Cuyerl,  b.  1S14,  at  Avon, 
Western  New  York,  was  educated  at  the  Temple  Hill  Aca 
demy  at  Geneseo,  and  at  Geneva  College.  He  was  en 
gaged  in  the  practice  of  the  law  at  Avon  until  1854,  when 
he  removed  to  the  city  of  New  York,  where  he  holds  an 
office  in  the  Custom-House. 

Mr.  Hosmer  became  an  author  at  a  very  early  age, — his 
muse  finding  congenial  themes  in  the  legends,  customs, 
and  superstitions  of  the  North  American  Indians,  with 
which  he  was  familiar  from  his  childhood.  The  following 
chronological  list  of  his  productions  is  extracted  from  a 
work  to  which  (as  to  the  other  vols.  by  the  same  author) 
the  student  of  American  Letters  must  have  frequent  refer 
ence, — Griswold's  Poets  and  Poetry  of  America: 

"In  1830  he  composed  a  drama  entitled  'The  Hall  of  Tecumseh.' 
His  first  publication,  except  contributions  to  the  journals  and  maga 
zines,  was  *  The  Themes  of  Song,'  containing  about  six  hundred 
and  fifty  lines;  this  appeared  in  1834,  and  was  followed  by  'The 
Pioneers  of  Western  New  York,'  in  1838;  'The  Prospects  of  the 
Age,'  in  1841;  'Yonnondio,  or  The  Warriors  of  the  Geuesee,'  in 
1844;  'The  Mouths,'  in  184T ;  'Bird  Notes,'  'Legends  of  the  Sene- 
cas,'  and  'Indian  Traditions  and  Songs,'  in  1850;  and  a  complete 
edition  of  his  '  Poetical  Works,'  in  two  volumes,  in  1853." 

Dr.  Griswold  commends  Mr.  Hosmer's  poetry  in  very 
high  terms.  After  some  eulogistic  comments  upon  "  the 
longest,  if  not  the  most  important,  of  his  productions," 
the  critic  continues: 

"To  such  poems,  however,  [those  relating  to  the  Indians,]  most 
readers  will  be  apt  to  prefer  the  simpler  effusions  in  which  he  has 
echoed  the  Notes  of  the  Birds,  or  painted  the  varying  phenomena 
of  The  Months.  In  these,  too,  he  has  faithfully  subjected  bis 
muse  to  the  requirements  of  truth.  He  accomplishes  his  task  of 
description  by  felicities  in  selection  and  combination  from  nature. 
An  AUDUBON  or  a  MICHAUX  would  search  in  vain  for  an  error  in 
his  plumage  or  foliage,  and  a  COLE  might  give  the  finishing  touches 
to  the  lights  and  shadows  of  his  landscapes,  from  the  poet's  ob 
servation  of  atmospheric  effects  or  the  changing  influence  of  the 
seasons."  See  also  Griswold's  Prose  Writers  of  America,  4th  ed., 
1852,  p.  300. 

Hossack,  Colin,  M.D.  Abridgt.  of  Baron  Von  Li- 
viston's  Commentaries,  Lon.,  1773-76,  5  vols.  Svo. 

Hotckkin,  Rev.  James  H.,  d.  at  Prattsburg,  New 
York,  1851,  graduated  at  Williams  College,  1800,  and  was 
stationed  at  Prattsburg  for  twenty-one  years  from  1809. 
Hist,  of  the  Churches  in  Western  New  York,  N.  York,  Svo. 
See  Genesee  Evangelist,  Sept.  1851;  N.  York  Internat 
Mag.,  1851,  p.  572. 

Hotchkin,  Thomas.  Serins.,  Lon.,  1675,  '78,  both 
Svo. 

Hotham,  Charles,  Fellow  of  Peterham  College. 
1.  In  Philosophiam  Teutonicam  Manuductio,  eive  Deter- 
minatio  de  Origine  Animae  Humanse,  Lon.,  1648,  8vo. 
Englished  by  D.  F.,  1650,  12mo.  In  the  preface  occurs 
the  following  remark : 

"  In  truth  it  is  very  hard  to  write  good  English ;  and  few  have 
attained  its  height,  in  this  last  frie  of  books,  but  Mr.  Milton." 

2.  Corporations  Vindicated,  Ac.,  1651,  12mo.    3.  Petition 


HOT 


HOtT 


and  Argument  before  the  Com.  of  the  Reform,  of  Univer 
sities,  1655,  4to. 

Hotham,  Durand.  Life  of  J.  Behinen,  Lon.,  1654, 
4to. 

Hotham,  Sir  John.  Certain  Letters  from  him  and 
others  intercepted,  Oxf.,  1643,  4to. 

Hotham,  Sir  Richard.  Reflections  on  East  India 
Shipping,  Lon.,  1773,  Svo. 

Houtlemius,  Joh.,  a  native  of  England.  Christiados 
Rhythmicse,  libri  vi.,  Luxemb.,  1603,  Svo. 

Hough,  F.  B.  1.  Hist,  of  St.  Lawrence  and  Franklin 
Counties,  New  York,  Albany,  1853,  Svo.  2.  Hist,  of  Jeffer 
son  County,  New  York,  1854,  Svo.  3.  New  York  Civil  List, 
1855,  12mo.  Ed.  of  sundry  historical  documents,  1855-9. 
Hough,  James,  Perpetual  Curate  of  Ham,  formerly 
Chaplain  to  the  E.  I.  Co.  at  Madras.  1.  A  Reply  to  the 
Letters  of  the  Abb6  Dubois,  on  the  State  of  Christianity 
in  India,  Lon.,  1824,  Svo.  2.  Christian  Legacy,  12mo. 
3.  Letters  on  Neilgherries,  Svo.  4.  Protestant  Missions 
vindicated,  1837,  Svo.  5.  Missionary's  Vade-Mecum, 
12mo.  6.  Book  of  Psalms  and  Hymns,  1838,  18mo.  7. 
Hist,  of  Christianity  in  India  from  the  commencement  of 
the  Christian  Era,  1839-45,  4  vols.  Svo,  £2  8s. 

"  I  wish  I  were  writing,  my  dear  friend,  The  History  of  Chris 
tianity  in  India.  It  is  a  glorious  theme." — Bishop  Wilson,  of  Cal 
cutta,  to  the  author. 

This  is  an  authentic  and  a  most  valuable  work.  In  the 
Appendix  will  be  found  The  Acts  and  Decrees  of  the 
Synod  of  Diamper,  <fcc. 

Hough,  John,  D.D.,  1651-1743,  a  native  of  Middle 
sex,  educated  at,  and  Fellow  of,  Magdalene  College,  Oxford, 
•was  elected  President  of  his  college  in  1687,  in  contempt 
of  the  arbitrary  mandamus  of  James  II.,  who  illegally 
attempted  to  force  the  Fellows  to  elect  Anthony  Farmer 
head  of  the  college.  The  king  hereupon  sent  a  mandate 
to  the  Fellows  to  elect  Dr.  Samuel  Parker,  Bishop  of  Ox 
ford,  a  Roman  Catholic,  President  of  the  college.  Upon 
the  refusal  of  the  Fellows,  Lords-Commissioners  were  sent 
to  Magdalene,  who  were  stoutly  confronted  by  Hough  and 
twenty-six  of  the  twenty-eight  Fellows  of  the  College,  and 
the  keys  retained  by  the  former,  who  boldly  protested 
against  the  illegal  proceedings.  The  Commissioners  then 
forced  open  the  door  of  the  President's  lodgings,  and 
placed  Dr.  Parker  in  Hough's  place. 

"The  nation,  as  well  as  the  university,  looked  on  all  this  pro 
ceeding  with  a  just  indignation.  It  was  thought  an  open  piece 
of  robbery  and  burglary,  when  men  authorized  by  no  legal  com 
mission  came  forcibly  and  turned  men  out  of  their  possession  and 
freeholds." — BISHOP  BURNET. 

"  Hough  maintained  his  own  rights  and  those  of  his  college 
with  equal  decorum  and  firmness." — Sir  James  MacldntosK 's  Re 
view  of  the  Causes  of  the  Revolution  of  1688 :  Works,  ii.  157,  Lon., 
185*. 

"  The  protest  of  Hough  was  everywhere  applauded;  the  forcing 
of  his  door  was  everywhere  mentioned  with  abhorrence." — T.  B. 
Macaulay's  Hist,  of  Eng.,  vol.  ii.,  1849. 

This  occurred  in  October,  1687;  and  in  the  end  of  Sep 
tember  of  the  following  year,  James  II. — now  alarmed  for 
the  safety  of  his  crown — took  measures  by  which  Hough 
and  his  expelled  Fellows  and  Demies  were  restored.  After 
the  Revolution,  Hough  was,  in  April,  1690,  made  Bishop 
of  Oxford;  in  1699  he  succeeded  Dr.  William  Lloyd,  Bishop 
of  Lichfield  and  Coventry;  in  1715,  on  the  death  of  Teni- 
son,  he  declined  the  Archbishopric  of  Canterbury,  but  in 
1717  he  became  Bishop  of  Worcester.  For  further  infor 
mation  respecting  this  excellent  man,  the  reader  is  referred 
to  the  histories  of  England ;  John  E.  Wilmot's  Life  and 
Correspondence  of  Bishop  Hough,  Lon.,  1812,  r.  4to;  and  to 
the  Life  prefixed  to  Bishop  Hough's  Sermons  and  Charges, 
by  Wm.  Russell,  Oxford,  1821,  Svo.  During  the  bishop's 
life  he  pub.  eight  occasional  serms.,  1701,  '02,  '04,  '05,  '09, 
'12,  '15,  all  in  4to.  Mr.  Russell's  collection  contains  four 
charges  and  nine  sermons,  but  neither  of  the  above  ser 
mons,  at  which  we  somewhat  marvel.  Hough  left  stricl 
orders  that  none  of  his  MS.  sermons  should  be  pub.  after 
his  death. 

"  He  is  furnished  with  a  large  stock  of  learning  and  piety.  He 
has  turned  over  the  Fathers  with  great  curiosity  and  pains,  and 
paid  a  venerable  respect  to  their  ashes;  and.  as  he  is  a  Prelate  of 
remarkable  piety  and  learning,  so  he  is  a  Hero  of  great  temper  and 
courage.  This  was  seen  in  his  resolute  defending  the  rights  of 
Magdalen  College :  for  this  noble  service  he  is  j  ustly  rewarded 
with  the  See  of  Lichfield  and  Coventry.  Those  whose  actions  are 
eminently  pious  and  brave  will,  like  this  worthy  champion,  be 
eminent  in  place  and  person." — JOHN  DHNTON  :  Life  and  Errors. 
Hough,  Nathaniel,  D.D.,  Fellow  of  Jesus  College 
Camb.,  and  Rector  of  St.  George's,  Southwark.  Six  Serms. 
pub.  separately,  1704,  '06,  '12,  '15,  '16,  '24. 

Hough,  Major  William.  1.  Case-Book  of  Native 
and  European  General  Courts-Martial,  Calcutta,  1821.  2 
In  conjunction  with  G.  Long,  The  Practice  of  Courts- 


Martial,  &c.,  Lon.,  1825,  Svo;  Calcutta,  1834,  Svo.  3.  On 
he  B.  I.  Co.'s  Mutiny  Acts,  Ac.,  Lon.,  1838,  Svo.  4.  Chro- 
nol.  Expos,  of  Military-Law  Authorities,  1781-1839,  Svo ; 
1839.  5.  Narrative  of  the  War  in  Affghanistan,  1841,  Svo. 
"  This  work  is  what  would  be  called  by  the  Duke  of  Wellington 
a  true  book.' "— Lon.  Spectator. 

"  From  the  minute  fidelity  with  which  this  book  records  every 
fact  connected  with  the  army,  it  will  be  invaluable  to  the  com 
mander  in  any  future  campaign;  and,  beyond  all  other  works  on 
;he  same  subject,  will  be  the  one  referred  to  with  most  confidence 
jy  the  historian." — Naval  and  Military  Gazette. 

"  Beyond  all  doubt  the  most  complete  history  of  a  campaign  we 
lave  ever  met  with." — United  Service  Gazette. 

6.  Political  and  Military  Events  in  British  India,  Aff 
ghanistan,  and  China,  from  1757  to  1849,  2  vols.  p.  Svo, 
1853.     Major  Hough  was  engaged  in  active  service  in 
India  for  forty  years,  and  participated  in  many  of  the 
scenes  described  by  him.     His  authority  therefore  is  of 
reat  weight.     7.  India  as  it  ought  to  be  under  the  New 
lharter  Act,  1853,  Svo.     8.  Precedents  in  Military  Law, 
1855,  Svo. 

Houghton,  Aylmar.  Antidote  against  Hen.  Hag- 
gar's  Poysonous  Pamphlet  against  Baptism,  Lon.,  1659, 
4to. 

Houghton,  Douglass,  M.D.,  1809-1845,  a  native  of 
Troy,  Surgeon  and  Botanist  to  the  United  States  Expe 
dition  to  explore  the  sources  of  the  Mississippi  River, 
drew  up  an  able  and  valuable  Report  of  the  Botany  of  the 
region  through  which  he  then  passed.  In  1837  he  was 
appointed  State  Geologist  to  Michigan.  See  American 
Almanac,  1847,  325-326. 

Houghton,  J.      Observations  on  the  Evidences  of 
Christ's  Resurrection  :  two  Serms.,  Lon.,  1798,  Svo. 
Houghton,  J.     Mercantile  Tables,  1811,  Svo. 
Houghton,  John.   1.  A  Collec.  of  Letters  for  the  Im 
provement  of  Husbandry  and  Trade,  Lon.,  1681,  4to ;  1691, 
1703,  fol.     See  Donaldson's  Agricult.  Biog.     2.  Collections 
for  the  Improvement  of  Husbandry,  <tc.,  1680-95;  2d  ed., 
revised  by  Rich.  Bradley,  1727-28,  4  yols.  Svo. 

"These  papers  contain  a  great  variety  of  curious  particulars  and 
discussions." — McCuttoch's  Lit.  of  l^lit.  Econ. 
3.  Account  of  Coffee;  Phil.  Trans.,  1699. 
Houghton,  John.     Eng.  Grammar,  Lon.,  1765,  Svo. 
Houghton,  Mary.    Novels,  1810,  '13,  '16. 
Houghton,  Pendlebury.     Serms.,  1790-1810. 
Houghton,  Thomas.      Rara  Avis  in  Terris;  The 
Complete  Miner,  <fec.,  Lon.,  1681,  Svo;  1688,  12mo;  again 
in  1729  and  in   1738.     Houghton  pub.  other  works   on 
mining,  Ac.     See  Watt's  Bibl.  Brit. 
Houghton,  Wm.     Poems,  1812-13. 
Houghton,  Wm.     1.  Exam,  of  Calvinism;  2d  ed., 
Lon.,  1849,  12mo.    2.  Inquiry  into  the  Theory  of  the  Ang 
lican  Reformers,  1852,  cr.  Svo. 

Houlbrook,  Wm.     A  Blacksmith  and  no  Jesuit; 
or,  The  Smith  of  Marlborough,  Lon.,  1660,  12mo. 
Houlbrooke,  Theophilus.     Serm.,  Lon.,  1796, 4to. 
Houlder,  Robert.    Barnevelt's  Apology ;  with  Mar 
ginal  Castigations,  1618,  4to. 

Houlston,  Thomas,  M.D.,  of  Liverpool.  Med.  trea 
tises,  Lon.,  1773-87. 

Houlston,  Wm.     Med.  treatises,  1792,  '94,  Svo. 
Houlton,  Robert.    Serms.,  Lon.,  1765,  '67. 
Houlton,  Robert.    A  Comic  Opera,  &c.,  1800-02. 
Houschone,  Wm.     Scotland  pulling  down  the  Gates 
of  Rome,  Lon.,  1683,  4to. 

Houseman,  C.  A  Writing ;  or,  Declaration  from  the 
Law-Book,  <fcc. ;  2d  ed.,  Lon.,  1821,  Svo.  Privately  printed. 
Again,  1833,  Svo?  See  Martin's  Cat.  of  Privately-Printed 
Books;  2d  ed.,  1854,  p.  278.  This  is  an  attack  on  the 
Newtonian  system. 

Houseman,  John.  1.  A  Topog.  Descrip.  of  Cum 
berland,  Westmoreland,  Lancashire,<fec.,  Carlisle,  1800,  Svo. 
2.  A  Descriptive  Tour  and  Guide  to  the  Lakes,  <tc.,  1800, 
'02,  Svo. 

"In  my  early  Tours  I  found  this  book  very  useful."— MS.  note 
in  Henry  Drury's  copy. 

No.  2  forms  part  of  No.  1.  See  Upcott's  Eng.  Topog., 
114-115. 

Housman,  Robert,  the  founder,  and  for  above 
forty  years  the  incumbent  minister,  of  St.  Anne's,  Lancas 
ter,  author  of  sermons,  <fec.,  1793,  Ac.  See  his  Life  and 
Remains,  by  Robert  Fletcher  Housman,  Lon.,  1841,  Svo. 
See  Lon.  Evangel.  Register;  Lancaster  Gazetteer. 

Housman,  Robert  Fletcher.  1.  Life  and  Remains 
of  the  Rev.  Robert  Housman.  See  preceding  article.  2. 
A  Collection  of  English  Sonnets,  1841,  Svo.  See  Lon. 
Athenaeum. 

Houston,  Mrs.,  a  daughter  of  Mr.  Edward  Jesse> 
the  author  of  Favourite  Haunts  and  Rural  Studies,  <fec., 


IIOU 


HOW 


has  become  known  to  the  reading  public  by  her  descriptions 
of  her  travelling  adventures — viz. :  1.  A  Yacht  Voyage  to 
Texas  and  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  Lon.,  1844,  2  vols.  p.  8vo. 

"  She  inherits  the  easy  spirit  of  the  paternal  pen.  Her  adven 
tures  are  often  most  diverting,  and  the  buoyancy  of  her  tempera 
ment  seems  almost  unique;  yet  all  is  amiable,  gentle,  and  good." 
— Miss  RIGHT:  Lady  Travellers:  Lon.  Quar.  Rev.,  Ixxvi.  124-125. 

2.  Hesperus;  or,  Travels  in  the  West,  1850,  2  vols.  p. 
8vo.  In  this  work  Mrs.  Houston  describes  her  travels  in 
the  United  States  of  North  America.  See  Lon.  Athenseuin, 
1850,  99-100. 

Houston,  James.  Observations,  Geographical,  Na 
tural,  and  Historical,  on  the  Coast  of  Guinea,Lon.,1725,8vo. 

Houston,  James.     See  HOCSTOUN. 

Houston,  Robert.     See  HOUSTOUN. 

Houston,  T.     Term-Day;  a  Comedy,  1803. 

Houston,  Rev.  Thomas,  of  Knockbracken.  1.  Di 
vine  Commendation  of  Abraham,  Lon.,  1844, 18mo.  Highly 
commended.  2,  Youthful  Devotedness;  Duties  of  Reli 
gion,  1849,  12mo.  3.  Judgment  of  the  Papacy  and  the 
Reign  of  Righteousness,  1852,  12mo. 

Houston,  William,  M.D.,  d.  1733,  in  the  West  In 
dies,  an  eminent  English  botanist.  1.  Reliquiae  Houstoni- 
anae  seu  in  Plantarum  in  America  Meridionali  collectar. 
Icones,  (26,)  Londini,  1781,  4to.  Pub.  by  Sir  Joseph  Banks. 
2.  The  Contrayerva;  Phil.  Trans.,  1731.  3.  The  Thorax 
and  Respiration;  Phil.  Trans.,  1736. 

Houston,  William.     See  HOULSTON. 

Houstoun,  or  Houston,  James.  Memoirs  of  his 
Life-Time,  and  curious  particulars  of  30  Years'  Travel, 
collected  from  his  own  MS.  by  Bickerstaff,  Lon.,  1747,  8vo. 
Houstoun,  a  Scotchman,  was  surgeon  to  the  Assiento  Com 
pany's  Factories  in  America,  and  was  for  many  years  en 
gaged  in  trading  in  Central  America  and  the  Spanish  Main. 

Houstoun,  or  Houston,  Robert,  M.D.  1.  Animad. 
on  Lithotomia  Douglassiana,  Lon.,  1720,  8vo.  2.  Hist,  of 
Ruptures,1726,8vo.  3.  Med.  papers  in  Phil.  Trans.,1723/24. 

Hovaeus,  Rob.,  a  Scotsman.  De  Reconciliatione 
Hominis  cum  Deo,  Bas.,  1591. 

Hoveden,  Roger  De,  an  English  historian,  lawyer, 
and  divine,  temp.  Henry  II.,  flourished  about  the  end  of 
the  12th  and  beginning  of  the  13th  centuries.  He  was  for 
some  time  a  Professor  of  History  at  Oxford ;  but  a  portion 
of  his  life  was  spent  at  court,  and  in  confidential  services 
intrusted  to  him  by  the  king.  He  composed  Annales  in 
Latin,  commencing  at  the  year  731,  where  Bede  left  off, 
and  continued  to  the  third  year  of  King  John,  1202.  The 
Annales  were  first  pub.  by  Sir  Henry  Savile,  in  the  Scrip- 
tores  post  Bedam,  Lon.,  1595,  fol.,  and  reprinted  at  Frank 
fort,  in  two  books,  1601,  fol.  A  new  ed.,  by  T.  Riley,  pub. 
in.Bohn's  Antiq.  Lib.,  vols.  xx.,  xxiii.,  1853.  Vossius  says 
that  he  wrote  also  a  history  of  the  Northumbrian  kings, 
and  a  life  of  Thomas  a  Becket. 

"If  we  consider  his  diligence,  his  knowledge  of  antiquity,  and 
his  religious  strictness  of  veracity,  he  may  be  considered  as  having 
surpassed  not  only  the  rude  historians  of  the  preceding  ages,  but 
even  what  could  have  been  expected  of  himself.  If  to  that  fidelity, 
which  is  the  first  quality  of  a  historian,  he  had  joined  a  little  more 
elegance  of  Latin  style,  he  might  have  stood  the  first  among  the 
authors  of  that  class." — LEIAXD. 

But  see  Recueil  des  Histoires  des  Gaules,  <fec.,  torn,  xi., 
Pref.  Ixxx.;  torn,  xiii.,  Pref.  xxj.  According  to  the  last- 
cited  authority,  Hoveden  appears  to  have  been  chiefly  a 
copyist  of  Henry  of  Huntingdon,  Simeon  of  Durham,  and 
Benedictus  Abbas.  See  Tanner;  Dibdin's  Lib.  Comp. 

Hovenden,  John  Eykyn.  1.  Treat,  rel.  to  Fraud, 
Lon.,  1825,  2  vols.  r.  8vo.  Amer.  ed.,  by  T.  Huntington, 
N.  York,  1832,  2  vols.  r.  8vo.  A  work  of  but  little  merit. 
See  15  Amer.  Jur.,  368.  2.  Supp.  to  Vesey  Jr.'s  Reports 
of  Cases  in  Chancery,  Lon.,  1827,  2  vols.  r.  8vo. 

Hovey,  Alvah,  D.D.  Memoir  of  the  Life  and  Times 
of  the  Rev.  Isaac  Backus,  Bost,  1859,  12mo. 

Hovey,  C.  M.,  b.  Oct.  1810,  at  Cambridge,  Mass.,  for 
more  than  twenty  years  ed.  of  the  Mag.  of  Horticulture. 
The  Fruits  of  America :  a  Series  of  48  Drawings,  col'd 
after  Nature,  of  the  choicest  varieties  of  American  Fruits, 
with  Botanical  and  Popular  Descriptions,  Bost,,  1847,  8vo. 
The  .horticulturist  cannot  well  dispense  with  this  volume. 

Hovey,  Ivory,  1714-1803,  Minister  of  Plymouth, 
Mass.,  graduated  at  Harvard  College,  1735,  pub.  a  serm. 
on  leaving  Metapoiset,  and  one  on  the  subject  of  Mortality. 

How,  James,  Rector  of  Milton,  Kent,  pub. — 1.  Four 
separate  serms.,  Lon.,  1728,  '31,  '32,  '56;  2.  The  Reformed 
Prodigal,  1762,  8vo;  and,  3.  Busy  Bodies  Anatomized,  1764, 
8vo. 

How,  James.  Discourse  on  Prayer,  Glasg.,  1749, 8vo. 

How,  Samuel.  Human  Learning  no  Help  to  Spiritual 
Understanding,  Lon.,  1655,  4to. 


How,  or  Howe,  William,  1619-1656,  a  native  of, 
and  physician  in,  London,  for  some  time  a  captain  in  the 
king's  army,  was  the  first  English  botanist  who  gave  a 
sketch  of  a  "Flora," — viz. :  Phytologia  Britannica  natalea 
exhibens  Indigenarum  Stirpium  Sponte  emergentiuin, 
Lon.,  1650,  8vo. 

"This  list  contains  1220  plants,  which  (as  few  mosses  and  fungi 
are  enumerated)  is  a  copious  catalogue  for  that  time,  eveu  admit 
ting  the  varieties  which  the  present  state  of  botany  would  reject; 
but  there  are  many  articles  in  it  which  have  no  title  to  a  place  as 
indigenous  plants  of  England." 

An  index  of  plants  in  the  Phytologia  Britannica  is  an 
nexed  to  Robert  Lovell's  Enchiridion  Botanieum,  Oxf., 
1659,  2  vols.  8vo;  1665,  8vo. 

How  also  pub.  Matthew  de  L'Obell's  Stirpium  Illustra- 
tiones,  Lon.,  1665,  4to.  See  Athen.  Oxon.  Wood  tells  us 
that  How 

"  Left  behind  him  a  choice  library  of  books  of  his  faculty ;  but 
how  they  were  bestowed  I  cannot  tell." — Ubi  supra:  Mist's  ed., 
iii.  419. 

What  would  not  the  Hookers  and  Loudons  of  our  day 
give  for  a  sight  of  this  curious  botanical  library? 

How.     See  HOWE. 

Howard.  Discourse  wherein  the  Doctrines  which 
make  for  Tyranny  are  Displayed,  1597,  8vo. 

Howard.     Moneys  in  Exchequer,  <fcc.,  1694,  fol. 

Howard,  Miss.     Married  Life,  1811,  5  vols.  12mo. 

Howard,  Anne,  Viscountess  Irwin,  d.  1760,  second 
daughter  of  Charles,  Earl  of  Carlisle,  was  married  first  to 
Richard,  Viscount  Irwin,  and  secondly  to  Colonel  Douglas. 

1.  A  character  of  the   Princess   Elizabeth,  pub.  in  1759. 

2.  An  Ode  on  King  George  the  Third,  1761.     3.  An  An 
swer  to  some  Verses  of  Lady  Mary  Wortley  Montague, 
printed  in  the  Supp.  to  Pope's  Works,  vol.  i.  p.  170.     4.  A 
Poetical  Essay  on  Mr.  Pope's  Characters  of  Women.     The 
last,  which  is  her  best-known  piece,  (see  Park's  Walpole's 
R.  and  N.  Authors,  v.  155-157,)  is  highly  commended  by 
Duncombe,  in  the  Feminead,  q.  v. 

Howard,  Benjamin  C.,  a  native  of  Maryland,  fox 
many  years  Clerk  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  U.  States, 
Reports  of  Cases  in  Supreme  Ct.  U.  States,  1843,  to  Decem 
ber  Term,  1855,  Bost.,  18  vols.  8vo,  $5  50  per  vol.  These 
Reports  follow  Peters's.  Dallas's,  Cranch's,  Wheaton's, 
Peters's,  and  Howard's  Reports  constitute  a  complete  set 
of  U.  States  Supreme  Ct.  Reports.  Of  these  invaluable 
j  Reports  a  new  edit,  is  in  course  of  publication  by  Little; 
Brown  &  Co.  of  Boston,  edited  by  Judge  Benjamin  R, 
Curtis.  The  Old  Series  of  these  Reports,  to  the  close  of 
December  Term,  1854,  are  in  57  vols., — viz. :  Dallas,  4  vols. : 
Cranch,  9  vols.;  Wheaton,  12  vols.;  Peters,  16  vols. 
Howard,  17  vols.  The  catalogue-price  of  these  58  vols 
is  $222.  The  new  ed.  is  comprised  in  22  vols.,  at  $3  onlj 
por  vol.,  with  Notes  and  a  Digest  of  all  the  Decisions 
This  enterprise  we  regard  as  one  of  the  most  praiseworthy 
of  the  day.  But,  as  the  opinion  of  a  layman  is  not  con 
sidered  "authority"  by  the  "gentlemen  of  the  long  robe,' 
we  are  able  to  strengthen  our  dictum  by  the  opinions  of 
Judges  Taney,  McLean,  Wayne,  Catron,  Daniel.  Nelson 
Grier,  Campbell,  Walker,  and  Thomas,  Professor  Theophi 
lus  Parsons,  and  Messrs.  Angell  and  Ames.  If  any  apo 
logy  be  required  for  the  warm  interest  displayed  by  th< 
author  of  this  Dictionary  in  the  Literature  of  Jurispru 
dence, — a  laic, — this  apology  has  already  been  tenderec 
in  his  Lives  of  Sir  William  Blackstone  and  Lord  Coke 
and  in  other  places  in  this  volume.  See  CURTIS,  BENJA 

MIN  R. 

Howard,  Caroline.     See  GLOVER,  MRS. 

Howard,  Hon.  Charles,  of  Norfolk.  1.  Tanning 
Leather;  Phil.  Trans.,  1674.  2.  Planting,  &c.  of  Saffron; 
ibid.,  1678. 

Howard,  Charles,  Earl  of  Carlisle,  d.  1686.  Rela 
tion  of  his  three  Embassies  from  Charles  II.  to  the  Courts 
of  Muscovy,  Sweden,  and  Denmark,  1663,  '64,  by  G.  M., 
Lon.,  1669,  8vo;  with  a  portrait  of  the  Earl,  by  Faithorne. 
This  vol.,  "containing  many  curious  remarks  upon  the 
countries  through  which  the  Earl  passed,"  is  reprinted  ic 
Harris's  Voyages. 

Howard,  Charles,  third  Earl  of  Carlisle.  See  CAR 
LISLE. 

Howard,  Hon.  Charles,  of  Grey  stock  Castle,  Cum 
berland,  afterwards  (1777)  tenth  Duke  of  Norfolk,  d.  1786, 
|  1.  Thoughts,  Essays,  and,  Maxims,  chiefly  Religious  and 
Political,  Lon.,  1768,  8vo.  2.  Historical  Anecdotes  of 
some  of  the  Howard  Family,  1769,  Svo.  Part  of  this  wort 
(now  very  rare)  was  intended  for  a  Preface  to  a  new  ed. 
of  the  Poems  of  Henry  Howard,  Earl  of  Surrey.  A  copy 
(of  the  Anecdotes)  was  sold  at  the  Fonthill  sale  for  £3  3*. 
See  a  description  of  the  work  in  Moule's  Bibl.  Heraldica, 


HOW 


HOW 


DCXXII.  It  is  said  that  it  was  suppressed  by  the  author. 
See  Memorial  of  Charles  Howard,  Esq.,  of  Greystock,  &c., 
in  Martin's  Bibl.  Cat.  of  Privately- Printed  Books,  ed. 
1854,  p.  61 ;  Lowndes's  Bibl.  Man.,  973. 

Howard,  Daniel.  1.  Treat,  on  Summary  Proceed 
ings,  Ac.,  Lon.,  1812,  8vo.  2.  Do.  before  Magistrates, 
1814,  8vo. 

Howard,  Hon.  Edward,  son  of  Thomas,  Earl  of 
Berkshire,  and  brother  of  Sir  Robert  Howard,  "exposed 
himself  to  the  severity  of  our  satirists  by  writing  bad 
plays."  1.  The  Usurper;  Trag.,  Lon.,  1668,  4to.  The 
character  of  Damocles  was  intended  for  Oliver  Cromwell. 
See  the  letter  by  Thomas  Hobbes,  prefixed  to  this  play. 
2.  Six  Days'  Adventure ;  a  Com.,  1671,  4to.  3.  The  Wo 
man's  Conquest;  Tragi-Com.,  1671,  4to.  4.  The  Man  of 
Newmarket;  Com.,  1678,  4to.  5.  The  Change  of  Crownes ; 
a  Play.  Not  printed.  6.  The  London  Gentleman ;  a  Com. 
Not  printed.  7.  The  United  Kingdoms;  Tragi-Com.  Not 
printed.  He  was  also  the  author  of — 8.  The  British 
Princes;  an  Heroic  Poem,  1669,  8vo.  9.  Poems  and  Es 
says,  &c.,  1674,  8vo.  See  Biog.  Dramat. 


"  Sir  Robert  [Howard]  was  the  original  hero  of  The  Rehearsal, 

lodellei 
the  lines, 


and  was  called  Bilboa.    In  the  remodelled  Dunciad,  Pope  inserted 


!  And  high-born  Howard,  more  majestic  sire, 
With  Fool  of  Quality  completes  the  choir.' 
Pope's  'high-born  Howard'  was  Edward  Howard,  the  author  of  The 
British  Princes."— I7.  B.  Macatday's  Hist,  of  Eng.,  vol.  iii.  1856. 

See  HOWARD,  SIR  ROBERT,  M.P.,  in  this  Dictionary. 

Howard,  Hon.  Edward.  1.  Philosophy  of  Des 
cartes,  Lon.,  1701,  4to.  2.  Copernicus  Convicted,  1705, 
8vo. 

Howard,  Edward.  1.  New  Fulminating  Mercury  ; 
Nic.  Jour,  1800,  and  Phil.  Trans.,  1800.  2.  Stony  and 
Metalline  Substances,  &c.,  Nic.  Jour.  1802 ;  Phil.  Trans., 
1802. 

Howard,  Edward,  Lt.,  R.N.,  a  popular  novelist,  d. 
1842.  1.  The  Old  Commodore,  Lon.,  1837,  3  vols.  p.  8vo. 
2.  Rattlin  the  Reefer,  1838  ;  1839,  12mo  ;  1849,  12mo.  3. 
Outward-Bound,  1838,  3  vols.  p.  8vo.  4.  Memoir  of  Ad 
miral  Sir  William  Sidney  Smith,  G.C.B.,  1839,  2  vols.  8vo. 
5.  Jack  Ashore,  1840,  3  vols.  p.  8vo;  1849,  12mo.  6.  Sir 
Henry  Morgan,  the  Buccaneer,  1842,  3  vols.  p.  8vo.  See 
the  authentic  memoirs  of  Sir  Henry  Morgan  in  Lon.  Gent. 
Mag.  for  1832,  vol.  cii.  Pt.  1,  128,  131.  Lieut.  Howard 
also  pub.  many  pieces  in  the  periodicals  of  the  day. 

Howard,  Frank,  a  son  of  Henry  Howard,  the  emi 
nent  artist,  (post.)  1.  The  Spirit  of  the  Plays  of  Shak- 
speare  exhibited  in  a  Series  of  Outline  Plates  illustrative 
of  the  Story  of  each  Play,  with  Quotations  and  Descrip 
tions,  1827-33;  491  Plates;  bound  in  5  vols.  8vo,  £14  8s.  ; 
large  paper,  r.  4to,  £25  4*.  The  plates  are  sold  sepa 
rately.  This  is  a  most  valuable  work.  2.  Sketcher's 
Manual,  or  The  whole  art  of  Picture  Making  reduced  to 
the  Simplest  Principles,  1837,  12mo;  also,  1841;  1846; 
1852.  3.  Colour  as  a  Means  of  Art,  1838,  p.  8vo. 

"  A  pretty  book,  which  we  may  recommend  as  giving  useful 
bints :  tinted  lithograph  plates  illustrate  the  keys  of  harmony  in 
which  different  artists  wrought." — Lon.  Athenaeum. 

"  Mr.  Howard  has  done  great  service  in  this  attempt  to  reduce 
to  principles  of  certainty  those  qualities  which  have  been  hitherto 
vaguely  referred  to  taste." — Lon.  Atlas. 

4.  Imitative  Art,  or  the  Means  of  Representing  the 
Pictorial  Appearance  of  Objects,  p.  8vo ;  1840.  5.  Science 
of  Drawing;  in  3  Pts.,  12mo,  1839-40.  See  HOWARD, 
HENRY,  of  Royal  Academy. 

Howard,  Frederick,  Earl  of  Carlisle.  See  CARLISLE. 

Howard,  George,  i.e.  Lieut.  F.  C.  Laird,  R.N. 
1.  Lady  Jane  Grey  and  her  Times,  Lon.,  1822,  8vo. 

"Lieut.  Laird  himself  told  me  35  or  36  years  ago  that  he  was  the 
author  of  this  book."—?7.  H.  Horne,  D.D.,  to  S.  A.  Allibone,  Oct.  1858. 

2.  Wolsey  the  Cardinal,  and  his  Times,  1824,  8vo. 

Howard,  George  William  Frederick,  Earl  of 
Carlisle.  See  CARLISLE. 

Howard,  Gorges  Edmund,  d.  in  London  in  1786, 
a  poet  and  architect,  dramatic,  legal,  and  political  writer, 
pub.  his  Miscellaneous  Works  in  Dublin,  1782,  3  vols.  8vo. 
He  pub.  enough  matter  to  fill  4  quarto  and  11  octavo  vols. 
His  most  useful  publications  were  those  on  the  Exche 
quer,  Chancery,  Revenue,  and  Trade  of  Ireland,  1759-81. 
See  Biog.  Dramat. ;  Watt's  Bibl.  Brit. ;  Marvin's  Leg. 
Bibl. 

Howard,  Henry,  Earl  of  Surrey,  1518?-1547,  one 
of  the  most  eminent  of  English  poets,  was  the  third  son 
of  Thomas,  Earl  of  Surrey,  and  third  Duke  of  Norfolk, 
by  his  second  duchess,  Elizabeth,  daughter  of  Edward 
Stafford,  Duke  of  Buckingham.  In  his  early  youth  be 
was  a  companion  at  Windsor  Castle  to  Henry  Fitzroy, 


Duke  of  Richmond,  Henry  VIII.'s  natural  son;  and  he 
subsequently  accompanied  his  friend  to  Cardinal  College, 
now  Christ  Church,  Oxford.  In  1535  he  was  married  to 
the  Lady  Frances  Vere,  in  1542  served  in  the  army 
under  his  father  in  Scotland,  and  in  1544  was  appointed 
Field-Marshal  of  the  English  army  on  the  Continent.  He 
did  good  service  at  the  sieges  of  Landrecy  and  Boulogne, 
and,  by  his  valour,  skill,  and  accomplishments,  secured  a 
degree  of  popular  favour  which  excited  the  jealousy  of 
the  king  and  the  Earl  of  Hertford,  the  king's  brother, 
and  thus  proved  his  ruin.  In  1546  he  was  ordered  to 
return  from  the  Continent,  made  a  prisoner  on  his  arrival 
in  England,  convicted  of  high  treason  on  the  most  absurd 
pretences,  and  beheaded  on  Tower  Hill,  January  19,  1547. 
He  left  two  sons  and  three  daughters  to  mourn  his  un 
timely  and  melancholy  end.  Much  obscurity  rests  upon 
his  adventures  as  a  romantic  traveller  and  poetical  lover, 
and  until  recently  but  little  was  known  of  the  far-famed 
lady  to  whom  he  indited  the  most  celebrated  of  his  effu 
sions  :  but 

"  It  seems  to  be  now  ascertained,  after  sweeping  away  a  host  of 
foolish  legends  and  traditionary  prejudices,  that  the  Geraldine  of 
Surrey,  Lady  Elizabeth  Fitzgerald,  was  a  child  of  thirteen,  for 
whom  his  passion,  if  such  it  is  to  be  called,  began  several  years 
after  his  own  marriage.  But,  in  feet,  there  is  more  of  the  conven 
tional  tone  of  amorous  song  than  of  real  emotion  in  Surrey's 
poetry.  The 

'  Easy  sighs,  such  as  men  draw  in  love,' 

are  not  like  the  deep  sorrows  of  Petrarch  or  the  fiery  transports  of 
the  Castilians."— Hallam's  Lit.  Hist,  of  Europe,  ed.  1854,  i.  426. 

The  passion,  if  such  we  are  to  call  it,  for  "  The  Fair  Ge 
raldine"  commenced  in  1541,  or  six  years  after  his  marriage 
to  Lady  Frances  Vere.  Geraldine,  the  daughter  of  Gerald 
Fitzgerald,  Earl  of  Kildare,  (most  probably  the  Lady  Eliza 
beth,)  was  born  in  1528.  She  became  the  third  wife  of 
Edward  Clinton,  Earl  of  Lincoln.  Those  who  desire  to 
enter  more  deeply  into  this  subject  and  the  details  of  our 
noble  author's  life,  and  the  characteristics  of  his  poetry, 
will  find  ample  materials  for  their  investigations  in  the 
authorities  cited  in  the  course  of  this  article.  1.  The  Songes 
and  Sonnettes  of  Henry,  Earle  of  Surrey,  and  others,  (Sir 
Thomas  Wyatt,  Ac.,)  were  printed  (1st  edit.)  by  R.  Tottel, 
Lon.,  1557,  16mo,  and  sm.  4to.  Other  edits.  2.  Songs  and 
Sonnets,  1565,  16mo.  3.  Songs  and  Sonnettes,  1567.  Con 
sidered  the  most  correct  of  the  early  edits.  4.  1569.  5. 
1574.  6.  Songes  and  Sonets,  by  Surrey  and  others,  1585, 
16mo.  7.  Poems,  1587,  16mo.  8.  Poems  of  Surrey,  Wiat, 
and  others,  with  Memoirs  of  his  Life  and  Writings,  1717, 
8vo.  Dr.  Sewell,  the  editor  and  biographer,  did  not  under 
stand  the  language  of  his  author,  and  has  therefore  been 
led  into  numerous  errors.  This  edit,  is  therefore  of  Ho 
value  save  as  a  warning  to  incompetent  editors. 

"One  of  the  most  slovenly  and  defective  works  that  has  ap 
peared."— PARK  :  Warton's  Hist,  of  Eng.  Poetry,  ed.  1840,  iii.  29. 

9.  Songes  and  Sonettes,  1717,  8vo.  Incomplete;  ending 
with  the  Poems  of  Sir  Thos.  Wyatt  10.  Poems,  1807,  2 
vols.  8vo.  Edited  by  Bishop  Percy  and  George  Steevens. 
Nearly  all  destroyed  by  the  fire  at  Nichols's  printing-office. 
11.  The  Works  of  Henry  Howard,  Earl  of  Surrey,  and  those 
of  Sir  Thomas  Wyatt  the  Elder,  edited  by  Geo.  Fred.  Nott, 
D.D.,  with  a  Preface,  Memoirs  of  the  Earl  of  Surrey,  a 
Dissert,  on  the  State  of  Eng.  Poetry  before  the  16th  Cent.; 
Collation  of  Surrey's  and  Douglas's  Translations  of  the 
^neid,  and  Notes,  with  Memoirs  of  the  Earl  of  North 
ampton,  an  Appendix,  a  General  Index,  and  Glossary, 
1815-16, 2  vols.  4to,  £7  7«.  A  review  of  this  valuable  edit 
will  be  found  in  Edin.  Rev.,  xxvii.  390-422;  and  see  Hal- 
lam's  Lit.  Hist,  of  Europe,  ed.  1854,  i.  424-429.  12.  Poems 
of  Surrey  and  Wyatt,  with  Original  Memoirs  by  Sir  N. 
Harris  Nicolas,  1831,  2  vols.  cr.  8vo.  The  same  in  2  vols. 
fp.  8vo  form  vols.  x.  and  xi.  of  Pickering's  Aldine  ed.  of 
the  British  Poets.  13.  Surrey's  Poems,  with  those  of  Minor 
Contemporaries,  1854,  12mo.  Some  of  Surrey's  Poems, 
omitted  by  Tottel,  will  be  found  at  the  end  of  Harrington's 
Nugse  Antiquae.  His  Poems  have  been  reprinted  in  John 
son's  and  Chalmers's  English  Poets.  14.  The  Fourth  Boke 
of  Virgill,  intreeting  of  the  Love  betwene  JEneas  and  Dido  ; 
translated  into  English  and  drawn  into  a  straunge  Metre 
by  Henry,  Earle  of  Surrey,  sine  anno,  4to.  With  the  Se 
cond  Book,  1557,  sm.  8vo.  A  copy  is  in  the  Dulwich  Col 
lege  Library,  one  in  the  Library  of  Wadham  College,  Ox 
ford,  and  another  in  the  British  Museum.  Reprinted  by 
Baron  Bolland,  for  the  Roxburghe  Club,  1814,  4to.  The 
"straunge  metre"  is  nothing  else  than  blank  verse. 

"  This  is  the  first  composition  in  blank  verse  extant  in  the  Eng 
lish  language.  Nor  has  it  merely  the  relative  and  accidental  merit 
of  being  a  curiosity.  It  is  executed  with  great  fidelity,  yet  not 
with  a  prosaic  servility.  The  diction  is  often  poetical,  and  the 


now 


now 


versification  varied  with  proper  pauses It  seems  probable  that 

his  active  situations  of  life  prevented  him  from  completing  a  de 
sign  of  translating  the  whole  ^Eneid." —  Warton's  Hist,  of  Eng. 
Poetry,  ed.  1840,  iii.  36. 

"  Surrey  is  the  first  who  introduced  blank  verse  into  our  Eng 
lish  poetry.  .  . .  The  translation  by  Surrey  of  the  second  book  of 
the  JSneid,  in  blank  verse,  is  among  the  chief  of  his  productions. 
No  one  had,  before  his  time,  known  how  to  translate  or  imitate 
with  appropriate  expression.  But  the  structure  of  his  verse  is  not 
very  harmonious,  and  the  sense  is  rarely  carried  beyond  the  line. 
If  we  could  rely  on  a  theory  advanced  and  ably  supported  by  his 
editor.  [Dr.  Nott,]  Surrey  deserves  the  still  more  conspicuous  praise 
of  having  brought  about  a  great  revolution  in  our  poetical  num 
bers."—  Hallam's  Lit.  Hist,  of  Europe,  ed.  1854,  i.  427,  q.  v. 

And  see  our  life  of  NICHOLAS  GRIMBOLD,  in  this  Dic 
tionary,  p.  743 ;  and  authorities  cited  in  the  course  of  this 
article.  To  refer  to  these  authorities  is  the  more  necessary 
from  the  fact  that  our  narrow  limits  warn  us  that  ice  must 
not  linger  on  so  tempting  a  theme.  But  a  few  lines  of 
quotation  of  opinions  respecting  the  illustrious  subject  of 
our  notice  we  are  not  willing  to  dispense  with. 

We  should  not  omit  to  record  the  fact  that  Surrey's 
translations  of  some  of  the  Psalms  and  of  Ecclesiastes  into 
English  verse,  and  a  few  additional  original  poems,  were 
printed  by  Dr.  Percy,  but  destroyed  in  the  fire  at  Nichols's 
office,  Feb.  1808.  Surrey  was  the  author  of  many  other 
English  poetical  compositions,  never  pub.,  several  of  which 
are  now  lost. 

"John  Clerc  has  mentioned,  with  the  highest  commendations, 
many  translations  done  by  Surrey  from  the  Latin,  Italian,  French, 
and  Spanish  languages.  But  these,  it  is  probable,  were  nothing 
more  than  juvenile  exercises."  See  Warton's  Hist,  of  Eng.  Poetry, 
ed.  1840. 

"  We  now  emerge  from  the  twilight  of  learning  to  an  almost 
classic  author,  that  ornament  of  a  boisterous  yet  not  unpolished 
court,  the  Earl  of  Surrey,  celebrated  by  Dray  ton,  Dryden,  Fenton, 
and  Pope,  illustrated  by  his  own  muse,  and  lamented  for  his  un 
happy  and  unmerited  death;  'a  man,'  as  Sir  Walter  Raleigh  says, 
•no  less  valiant  than  learned,  and  of  excellent  hopes.;  " — HORACE 
WALPOLE:  Park's  ed.,  1806,  i.  255. 

To  the  eulogists  of  Surrey,  Park  adds  the  names  of  Le- 
land,  Ascham,  Tuberville,  Churchyard,  Sir  Philip  Sidney, 
Webbe,  Puttenham,  Meres,  Harvey,  Whitney,  Drayton, 
Bolton,  Peacham,  Dryden,  Lodge,  Brydges,  Ellis,  Ander 
son,  Warton,  and  Henry.  The  list  could  be  enlarged  if  it 
vrere  requisite. 

"  The  character  of  Henry,  Earl  of  Surrey,  reflects  splendour  even 

upon  the  name  of  Howard He  revived,  in  an  age  too  rude  to 

enjoy  fully  those  beauties  which  mere  nature,  could  not  but  in 
some  degree  relish,  the  force  of  expression,  the  polished  style,  and 
the  passionate  sentiments,  of  the  best  poets  of  antiquity." — LODGE  : 
Biog.  Accounts  of  the  Holbein  Portraits. 

"  Surrey,  for  his  justness  of  thought,  correctness  of  style,  and 
purity  of  expression,  may  justly  be  pronounced  the  first  English 
classical  poet.  He  unquestionably  is  the  first  polite  writer  of  love- 
verses  in  our  language.  It  must,  however,  be  allowed  that  there 
is  a  striking  native  beauty  in  some  of  our  love-verses  written  much 
earlier  than  Surrey's.  But  in  the  most  savage  age  and  countries 
rude  nature  has  taught  elegance  to  the  lover.  .  .  .  Surrey's  talents, 
•which  are  commonly  supposed  to  have  been  confined  to  sentiment 
and  amorous  lamentation,  were  adapted  to  descriptive  poetry  and 
the  representations  of  rural  imagery Surrey  is  said,  by  the  in 
genious  author  [editor]  of  the  MUSES'  LIBRARY,  to  have  been  the 
first  who  broke  through  the  fashion  of  stanzas  and  wrote  in  the 
heroic  couplet.  But  all  Surrey's  poems  are  in  the  alternate  rhyme; 
nor,  had  this  been  true,  is  the  other  position  to  be  granted.  Chau 
cer's  Prologues  and  most  of  the  Canterbury  Tales  are  written  in 
long  verse:  nor  was  the  use  of  the  couplet  resumed  till  late  in  the 

reign  of  Elizabeth In  the  sonnets  of  Surrey  we  are  surprised 

to  find  nothing  of  that  metaphysical  cast  which  marks  the  Italian 
poets,  his  supposed  masters,  especially  Petrarch.  Surrey's  senti 
ments  are  for  the  most  part  natural  and  unaffected;  arising  from 
his  own  feelings,  and  dictated  by  the  present  circumstances.  His 
poetry  is  alike  unembarrassed  by  learned  allusions  or  elaborate  con 
ceits.  If  our  author  copies  Petrarch,  it  is  Petrarch's  better  man 
ner:  when  he  descends  from  his  Platonic  abstractions,  his  refine 
ments  of  passion,  his  exaggerated  compliments,  and  his  play  upon 
opposite  sentiments,  into  a  track  of  tenderness,  simplicity,  and 
nature.  Petrarch  would  have  been  a  better  poet  had  he  been  a 
worse  scholar.  Our  author's  mind  was  not  too  much  overlaid  by 
learning,  —  Warton's  Hist,  of  Eng.  Poetry,  ed.  1840,  iii.  29,  30,  35, 

Dr.  Nott's  comparison  between  Wyatt  and  Surrey,  in  the 
Dissertation  prefixed  to  the  2d  vol.  of  his  ed.  of  Wyatt  and 
Surrey,  (vide  ante,)  is  well  worth  perusal,  but  the  work  of 
which  it  forms  a  portion  can  rarely  be  had.  The  reader 
however,  will  find  an  extract  from  this  Dissertation  in 
Hallam  s  Lit  Hist,  of  Europe,  ed.  1854,  i.  425-426.  The 
last-named  eminent  authority  remarks  of  Surrey  • 

"The  taste  of  this  accomplished  man  is  more  striking  than  his 
poetical  genius.  He  did  much  for  his  own  country  and  his  native 
language.  The  versification  of  Surrey  differs  very  considerably 
from  that  of  his  predecessors.  He  introduced,  as  Dr  Nott  savs  a 
sort  of  involution  into  his  style,  which  gives  an  air  of  dSty 
and  remoteness  from  common  life.  It  was,  in  fact,  borrowed  from 
the  license  of  Italian  poetry,  which  our  own  idiom  has  rejected 
He  avoids  pedantic  words  forcibly  obtruded  from  the  Latin  of 
•which  our  earlier  poets,  both  English  and  Scots,  had  been  ridicu 
lously  fond.  The  absurd  epithets  of  Hoccleve,  Lydgate,  Dunbar 


and  Douglas,  are  applied  equally  to  the  most  different  things,  so 
as  to  show  that  they  annexed  no  meaning  to  them.  Surrey  rarely 
lays  an  unnatural  stress  on  final  syllables,  merely  as  such,  which 
they  would  not  receive  in  ordinary  pronunciation  ;  another  usual 
trick  of  the  school  of  Chaucer.  His  words  are  well  chosen  and 
well  arranged."—  Uii  supra,  i.  426-427. 

The  influence  of  Surrey  and  Wyatt's  poetry  upon  tho 
taste  of  his  age  was  by  no  means  so  extensive  as  we  might 
reasonably  imagine  it  would  have  been : 

"The  graces  of  the  Italian  muse,  which  had  been  taught  by 
Surrey  and  Wyatt,  were  confined  to  a  few.  .  .  .  Although  Lord 
Surrey  and  some  others  had  so  far  deviated  from  the  dulness  of 
the  times  as  to  copy  the  Italian  poets,  the  same  taste  does  not 
seem  to  have  uniformly  influenced  all  the  nobility  of  the  court 
of  King  Henry  the  Eighth  who  were  fond  of  writing  verses." — 
Warton's  Hitt.  of  Eng.  Po>lry,  ed.  1840,  iii.  72,  83-84,  q.  v.,  with 
the  authors  referred  to  in  the  text  and  notes. 

See  also,  in  addition  to  the  authorities  cited  above, 
Bliss's  Wood's  Athen.  Oxon.  i.  154-161;  Dibdin's  Lib. 
Comp.,  ed.  1825,  689-692 ;  Campbell's  Specimens  of  the 
British  Poets;  Headley's  Select  Beauties  of  the  Ancient 
Eng.  Poets,  1810,  i.  Iv. ;  Drake's  Shakspeare  and  his 
Times ;  Johnson's  and  Chalmers's  Eng.  Poets  ;  Chalmers's 
Biog.  Diet.;  Edin.  Rev.,  xlii.  49;  Lon.  Month.  Rev., 
Ixxxiii.  43,  102;  Dubl.  Univ.  Mag.,  xvi.  573-589;  Lon. 
Gent.  Mag.,  January,  1759. 

Howard,  Henry,  Earl  of  Northampton,  1539P-1614, 
second  son  of  the  preceding,  was  most  unworthy  of  his 
illustrious  parentage;  in  proof  of  which  it  is  enough  to 
mention  his  complicity  with  the  infamous  match  of  his 
great-niece,  the  Countess  of  Essex,  with  Carr,  Viscount 
Rochester,  and  his  share  in  the  murder  of  Sir  Thomas 
Overbury.  He  was  educated  at  King's  College  and  at 
Trinity  Hall,  Cambridge,  where,  says  Bishop  Godwin,  he 
was  esteemed  "  the  learnedest  amongst  the  nobility,  and 
the  most  noble  amongst  the  learned."  Of  his  "learning" 
there  seems  to  be  but  little  doubt :  his  "  nobility,"  how 
ever,  cannot  be  .so  readily  allowed.  He  left  in  MS.,  An 
Apology  for  the  Government  of  Woman,  Forms  of  Prayer, 
Ac.,  and  pub.  the  following  very  curious  work : — A  Defensa- 
tive  against  the  Poyson  of  supposed  Prophecies,  Lon., 
1583,  4to;  1620,  fol.  Of  this  vol.,  dedicated  to  Sir  Francis 
Walsingham,  which  principally  relates  to  expositions  of 
Judicial  Astrology,  Dreams,  Oracles,  Conferences  with 
Familiars  or  Damned  Spirits,  <fcc.,  a  copious  analysis 
will  be  found  in  Oldys's  British  Librarian,  331-343.  See 
also  Censura  Literaria;  Park's  Walpole's  R.  and  N,  Au 
thors  ;  Lloyd's  Worthies. 

Howard,  Henry.     Cookery,  Lon.,  1710,  '26,  8vo. 

Howard,  Henry.     Dirge,  <fcc.,  Lon.,  1762,  4to. 

Howard,  Henry,  1757-1842,  a  descendant  of  Henry 
Howard,  the  illustrious  Earl  of  Surrey,  (vide  ante,)  was  a 
son  of  Philip  Howard,  of  Corby  Castle,  (vide  post.)  He 
assisted  in  the  preparation  of  several  valuable  works,  and 
pub.  himself — 1.  Antiquarian  papers  in  ArchseoL,  1800, 
'03;  2.  A  Drill  of  Light  Infantry,  <fcc.,  1805,  8vo;  3.  Er 
roneous  Opinions  commonly  entertained  respecting  the 
Catholic  Religion,  1826;  several  edits.;  4.  Indication  of 
Memorials,  Ac.  of  the  Howard  Family,  1834,  fol.  Re 
specting  the  last-named  work,  see  Martin's  Bibl.  Cat.  of 
Privately-Printed  Books,  ed.  1854,  p.  449.  A  biogra 
phical  notice  of  Mr.  Howard,  and  an  account  of  his 
literary  labours,  will  be  found  in  Lon.  Gent.  Mag.,  April, 
1842. 

11  o ward,  Henry,  a  distinguished  artist  of  the  Royal 
Academy.  Lects.  on  Painting,  delivered  at  the  Royal 
Academy,  with  a  Memoir,  by  his  son,  Frank  Howard, 
Lon.,  1848,  p.  8vo.  See  Blackw.  Mag.,  xiv.  10;  xli.  193; 
xlii.  338;  xlvi.  305,  315;  xlviii.  378. 

Howard,  Hon.  Henry  E.  J.,  D.D.,  Dean  of  Lich- 
field.  1.  Old  Test.  History,  Lon.,  1840,  12mo;  2d  ed., 
1851,  12nio.  2.  New  Test,  History,  1841,  12mo.  These 
works  are  composed  of  Familiar  Lectures.  3.  The  Book  of 
Genesis,  according  to  the  version  of  the  LXX.  Trans, 
into  English,  with  Notices  of  its  Omissions  and  Insertions, 
and  with  Notes  on  the  Passages  in  which  it  differs  from 
our  Authorized  Version,  Cambridge,  1856,  cr.  Svo. 

"  We  recommend  to  all  who  would  enter  successfully  on  the 
cultivation  of  the  Sacred  Literature  of  the  Old  Testament,  to 
begin  with  this  volume,  and  they  will  find  their  knowledge  of 
both  the  Hebrew  and  Greek  Scripture  greatly  increased  as  they 
follow  the  guide  thus  prepared  for  them." — Lon.  Journal  of 
Sacred  Literature. 

Howard,  J.  B.  Ways  and  Means;  or,  Every  Man 
his  own  Financier,  1812,  8vo. 

Howard,  J.  H.  1.  Laws  of  the  Brit.  Colonies,  Ac. 
rel.  to  Real  and  Personal  Property,  <fcc.,  Lon.,  1827,  2  vols. 
Svo.  2.  Duties  of  Solicitors  in  Sales  by  Auction,  <fec., 
1827,  8vo. 

Howard,  Jacob  M.     Trans,  from  the  French  of 


HOW 

Mile.  M.  A.  Le  Normand's  Historical  and  Secret  Memoirs 
of  the  Empress  Josephine,  Phila.,  2  vols.  12mo. 

Howard,  Hon.  James,  youngest  son  of  Thomas, 
Earl  of  Berkshire,  and  brother  of  Sir  Robert  Howard, 
the  author,  and  of  Lady  Elizabeth  Howard,  wife  of  John 
Dryden.  1.  All  Mistaken,  or  The  Mad  Couple ;  Com., 
Lon.,  1672, 4to.  2.  The  English  Monsieur ;  Com.,  1674, 4to. 

"  Represented  with  success,  and  held  in  esteem  in  their  time." 
— Biog.  Dramat. 

3.  Romeo  and  Juliet ;  Trag. ;  altered  from  Shakspeare. 
Not  printed.  See  Biog.  Dramat.  ;  Downes's  Roscius 
Anglicanus,  p.  22. 

Howard,  John,  Rector  of  Marston  Trussel,  North 
ampton,  <fec.,  pub.  a  number  of  serms.,  1693-1728. 

Howard,  John,  1726-1790,  the  eminent  philanthro 
pist,  whose  name  will  in  all  ages  be  held  in  reverent 
esteem,  was  a  native  of  Hackney,  London,  the  son  of  a 
wealthy  tradesman,  and  the  inheritor  of  a  large  fortune. 
In  1777  he  visited  every  prison  in  the  United  Kingdom, 
and  pub.  the  results  of  his  investigations  in  the  same 
year,  in  a  vol.  entitled  The  State  of  the  Prisons  in  Eng 
land  and  Wales,  &c.,  Warrington,  4to.  Appendix,  1780, 
4to;  2d  ed.  of  the  whole,  1780,  8vo;  3d  ed.,  1784,  4to; 
4th  ed.,  1786,  4to;  Lon.,  1792,  4to.  In  1780  he  pub.  a 
trans,  of  a  French  Account  of  the  Bastile;  and  in  1789 
the  Duke  of  Tuscany 's  New  Code  of  Civil  Law,  with  an 
English  trans.  The  deplorable  condition  of  the  prisons 
at  home  excited  a  determination  to  visit  those  of  foreign 
countries,  with  the  hope  of  benefit  to  the  miserable  in 
mates  ;  and  faithfully  did  this  good  man  carry  out  his 
praiseworthy  enterprise.  A  detail  of  his  labours  does 
not,  of  course,  enter  into  the  plan  of  a  work  of  this  cha 
racter  ;  but  it  is  only  proper  that  we  should  direct  the 
reader  to. the  best  sources  of  information  respecting  a 
philanthropist  whose  praise  was  in  every  one's  mouth, 
from  the  rough  benediction  of  the  illiterate  convict  to  the 
splendid  eulogy  of  the  greatest  orator  of  modern  Europe. 
He  died  at  Kherson,  South  Russia,  January  20,  1790,  of 
a  malignant  fever,  caught  during  a  visit  to  a  young  lady 
for  whom  the  benefit  of  his  counsel  had  been  invoked. 
He  was  buried  with  distinguished  honours  by  the  Russian 
authorities,  and  his  death  excited  a  profound  sensation 
throughout  the  civilized  world.  A  monumental  statue  to 
his  memory,  by  Bacon,  was  erected  in  St.  Paul's  Cathedral. 

Howard  pub.  in  1789,  4to,  (2d  ed.,  1791, 4to;)  An  Account 
of  the  principal  Lazarettos  in  Europe,  with  various  Papers 
relative  to  the  Plague,  <fcc. ;  and  contributed  a  paper  on 
the  Heat  of  the  Waters  at  Bath  to  Phil.  Trans.,  1767,  and 
another  on  the  Heat  of  the  Ground  on  Mt.  Vesuvius,  to 
Phil.  Trans.,  1771.  See  A  View  of  the  Character,  <fcc.  of 
Howard,  by  John  Aikin,  M.D.,  1792,  8vo;  Howard  and 
the  Prison-World  of  Europe,  by  Wm.  Hepworth  Dixon, 

1849,  12mo ;  5th  ed.,  1854,  fp.  8vo ;  Memoirs  of  Howard, 
by  Thos.  Taylor,  2d  ed.,  12mo;    Memoirs  of  Howard,  by 
J.  B.  Brown,  1845,  8vo ;  Life  of  Howard,  by  John  Field, 

1850,  8vo ;    Correspondence   of   Howard,   by   the   same, 
1855,  fp.  8vo;    Howard  and  Napoleon  Contrasted,  1840, 
12mo;  Foster's   Essays;  Works  of  Robert  Hall;  Works 
of  Edmund  Burke ;  Edin.  Month.  Rev.,  i.  95  ;  Lon.  Month. 
Rev.,  cv.  422  ;  Eclec.  Rev.,  4th  Ser.,  xxvi.  541 ;    Blackw. 
Mag.,  xxxiv.  35  ;    Ixvii.  50 ;  Bost.  Living  Age,  (from  the 
Lon.  Spectator,)   xxiii.   171 ;    do.,  (from  Eraser's   Mag.,) 
xxv.  369 ;  New  Haven  Chris.  Quar.  Spec.,  (by  R.  Robbins,) 
iii.  393 ;  Amer.  Month.  Rev.,  iv.  255 ;  New  Eng.  Mag.,  v. 
332.     We  need  hardly  remark,  in  conclusion,  that  the  in 
fluence  of  Christianity  was  the  great  moving-power  which 
sent  John  Howard  from  the  pleasant  home  and  lovely 
scenery  in  which  he  so  greatly  delighted  to  visit  the  cheer 
less  cells  of  the  miserable,  the  neglected,  and  the  forsaken 
of  earth.     The  barren  creed  of  infidelity  enforces  no  such 
duties,  seeks  no  such  honours,  and  submits  to  no  such 
sacrifices.     Yet  this  Apostle  of  Humanity  understood  too 
well  the  spirit  of  the  Gospel  of  Christ  to  suppose  that 
even  his  labours — abundant  and  self-sacrificing  as  they 
were — could  do  aught  to  procure  remission  of  sin  or  pur 
chase  acceptance  with  his  Maker  : 

"  My  immortal  spirit,"  says  he,  "I  cast  on  the  sovereign  mercy 
of  God,  through  Jesus  Christ,  who  is  the  Lord,  my  strength  and 
my  song,  and,  I  trust,  has  become  my  salvation.  My  desire  is  to 
be  washed  and  cleansed,  and  justified,  in  the  blood  of  Christ,  and 
to  dedicate  myself  to  that  Saviour  who  has  bought  us  with  a 
price." 

We  have  had  occasion  to  record  in  this  volume  memo 
rials  of  many  of  the  mighty,  many  of  the  noble,  of  the 
illustrious  name  of  HOWARD  ;  but  this  one  "  excelleth  them 
all." 

Howard,  John.     Medical  treatises,  Lon.,  1782-1811. 

Howard,  John.     Geometry,  Lon.,  1798,  8vo. 


HOW 

Howard,  John  Jarrard,  surgeon.  Ovid's  Meta 
morphoses,  trans,  into  Blank  Verse,  Lon.,  1807,  2  vols. 

Howard,  John  Owen.  Clara;  a  Poem,  Dubl., 
1816. 

Howard,  John  Walter.  The  Alarm  Sounded ;  or, 
An  Alarm  to  the  Protestants  of  G.  Britain,  1812,  8vo. 

Howard,  Leonard,  D.D.,  Rector  of  St.  George's, 
Southwark,'  London,  d.  1767,  pub.  a  number  of  Serms., 
1736-61,  and  A  Collection  of  Letters  and  State  Papers, 
Lon.,  1753-56,  2  vols.  4to. 

"  Notwithstanding  the  trash  which  fills  a  large  portion  of  its 
pages,  several  articles  of  a  redeeming  character  will  be  found ; 
and  a  few  of  them  do  not  yield  in  interest  to  many  which  occur 
in  far  more  popular  Collections." — Lon.  Retrosp.  Rev.,  N.  S.,  1- 
16, 1827. 

Howard,  Luke,  pub.  an  Essay  on  Clouds,  Lon., 
1802,  8vo,  and  other  works  on  Meteorology,  Ac.,  1842, 
Ac. 

Howard,  Nathan,  Jr.,  b.  1808,  in  Stephentown,  N. 
York.  1.  N.  York  Supreme  Ct.  Spec.  Term  Reports,  Al 
bany,  1845-55,  10  vols.  8vo.  Issued  in  monthly  nos.  of 
96  pp.  each  ;  6  nos.  comprising  a  vol.  2.  Cases  of  Points, 
&c.  in  the  Ct.  of  Appeals  of  N.  York,  vol.  i.,  1855,  8vo. 

Howard,  Nathaniel.  1.  Bickleigh  Vale ;  with  other 
Poems,  1804,  8vo.  2.  Trans,  of  the  Inferno  of  Dante 
into  Eng.  Blank  Verse,  1807,  12mo.  3.  Eng.  and  Greek 
Vocabulary  for  the  Young,  1808,  12mo.  Since  reprinted. 
Other  Greek  and  Latin  educational  works. 

Howard,  Philip,  of  Corby  Castle,  d.  1810,  a  de 
scendant  of  the  illustrious  Henry  Howard,  Earl  of  Sur 
rey,  was  the  father  of  Henry  Howard,  author  of  The 
Memorials,  &c.  of  the  Howard  Family,  (vide  ante.)  The 
Scriptural  Hist,  of  the  Earth  and  of  Mankind,  <fcc.,  Lon., 
1797,  4to.  See  Lowndes's  Brit.  Lib.,  722;  Lon.  Gent 
Mag.,  April,  1842. 

Howard,  Sir  Robert,  M.P.,  1626-1698,  a  younger 
son  of  Thomas,  Earl  of  Berkshire,  and  brother  of  Edward 
Howard  and  James  Howard,  (ante,)  educated  at  Magda 
lene  College,  Cambridge,  was  a  warm  adherent  of  Charles 
L,  and  at  the  Restoration  was  rewarded  for  his  services 
by  being  knighted  and  made  Auditor  of  the  Exchequer. 
He  was  so  noted  for  his  dogmatism  that  Shadwell,  the 
poet,  ridiculed  him,  in  his  comedy  of  The  Sullen  Lovers, 
under  the  character  of  Sir  Positive  At-all.  As  an  author 
he  is  not  entitled  to  much  consideration.  1.  The  Fourth 
Book  of  Virgil,  trans.,  1660,  8vo.  2.  Poems,  1660,  8vo. 
Bibl.  Anglo-Poet.,  374,  £1  10*.  3.  Statius's  Achilles, 
trans.,  1660,  8vo.  4.  Four  New  Playes,  1665,  fol.  5.  The 
Great  Favourite,  or  The  Duke  of  Lerma;  Trag.,  1668, 
4to.  6.  The  Duels  of  the  Stags  ;  a  Poem,  1668.  7.  Hist 
Observ.  upon  the  Reigns  of  Edward  L,  II.,  III.,  and 
Richard  II.,  Ac.,  1689,  12mo.  8.  Hist  of  the  Reigns  of 
Edward  and  Richard  II.,  1690,  8vo.  9.  Letter  to  Mr. 
Saml.  Johnson,  1692,  8vo.  10.  Five  New  Plays,  1692, 
fol.  11.  Hist  of  Religion,  1694,  1709,  8vo.  12.  Poems 
and  Plays.  13.  Dramatic  Works,  1722, 12mo.  Sir  Robert's 
most  popular  plays  were  The  Indian  Queen,  1665,  fol., 
and  The  Committee,  1665,  fol.  See  the  list  of  his  seven 
plays  in  Biog.  Dramat  Sir  Robert  ventured  to  criticize 
some  positions  respecting  rhyme  in  his  brother-in-law 
John  Dryden's  Essay  on  Dramatic  Poesy.  To  these 
observations  the  latter  replied  in  a  tone  of  much  acri 
mony.  See  Hallam's  Lit.  Hist  of  Europe,  ed.  1854, 
iii.  556. 

"  The  poetry  of  the  Berkshire  Howards  was  the  jest  of  three 
generations  of  satirists.  The  mirth  began  with  the  first  repre 
sentation  of  The  Rehearsal,  and  continued  down  to  the  last  edi 
tion  of  the  Dunciad/'—  T.  B.  Macaulay's  Hist,  of  Eng.,  vol.  iii., 
1856. 

See  HOWARD,  HON.  EDWARD,  in  this  Dictionary.  See 
also  Gibber's  Lives;  Nichols's  Poems;  Ellis's  Specimens; 
Malone's  Dryden ;  Chalmers's  Biog.  Diet ;  Darling's 
Cyc.  Bibl.,  i.  1559. 

Howard,  Robert,  d.  about  1740,  Bishop  of  Killala, 
1726,  trans,  to  Elphin,  1729.  Serm.,  Dubl.,  1738,  4to. 

Howard,  Robert,  M.D.  1.  Revelations  of  Egyptian 
Mysteries,  Lon.,  1850,  8vo.  2.  Salt  the  Forbidden  Fruit 
or  Food;  4th  ed.,  1851,  p.  8vo.  3.  Saturnian  Religion  the 
Shield  of  Health,  1851,  p.  8vo.  4.  Burning  of  the  World, 
and  the  New  Earth,  1853,  8vo. 

Howard,  Samuel,  Mus.  Doc.,  d.  about  1783,  a  mu 
sical  composer,  the  author  of  many  popular  ballads, 
began  to  flourish  about  1740;  and,  from  that  time  till 
Arne's  Vauxhall  songs  were  pub.  under  the  title  of  Lyric 
Harmony,  Howard's  pieces 

'Were  the  most  natural  and  pleasing  which  England  could 

st."     See  Burney's  Hist,  of  Music. 

Howard,  Sarah.     Female  Education,  1783,  12mo. 
Howard,  Simeon,  D.D.,  1733-1804,  a  minister  of 

901 


HOW 


HOW 


Boston,  Mass.,  graduated  at  Harvard  College,  1783,  pub. 
six  serms.,  1773,  '77,  '78,  '79,  '80,  '81. 

Howard,  Sylvanns,  of  the  Middle  Temple.  Every 
Tradesman  his  own  Lawyer,  Lon.,  1794,  8vo. 

Howard,  Thomas,  Earl  of  Arundel.  1.  Journal  of 
his  Embassy  to  the  Emperor  Ferdinand  II.,  Lon.,  1637, 
4to.  2.  True  Relation  of  the  Remarkable  Places  and 
Passages  observed  in  his  Travels  when  Ambassador,  1637, 
4to.  3.  Relation  of  his  Voyage  on  his  Embassy  to  the 
Emperor  of  Morocco,  1670,  4to. 

Howard,  V.  E.  1.  Mississippi  Law  Reports,  1834- 
44,  Phila.,  Ac.,  1839-44,  7  vols.  8vo.  2.  In  conjunction 
with  A.  Hutchinson,  Statute  Laws  of  Mississippi,  1840, 8vo. 

Howard,  W.  W.,  late  Prof,  of  Ancient  and  Modern 
Languages  in  the  Western  Military  Institute,  Kentucky. 
Aids  to  French  Composition,  N.  York,  1854,  12mo. 

Howard,  William.  Chronicon  ex  Chronicis,  ab 
initio  Mundi,  vsque  ad  annum  Domini  1118,  deductvm 
Auctore  Florentio  Wigorniense.  Accessit  etiam  continu- 
atio  vsque  ad  annum  Christi  1141,  per  quendain  eiusdem 
coenobij  eruditum :  uunquam  antehac  in  lucem  editum, 
Lon.,  1592,  4to. 

Howard,  William.  Christian  Loyalty,  Lon.,  1634, 
4to. 

Howarth,  Henry,  Rector  of  St.  George's,  Hanover 
Square,  London.  1.  Four  Serms.  on  the  Moral  Laws  of 
Moses,  Camb.,  1833,  Svo.  2.  Serms.  at  the  Hulsean  Lect., 
1835  and  1836,  2  vols.  12mo,  1836.  3.  Serms.  on  the 
Liturgy  as  it  is ;  2d  ed.,  1847,  fp.  Svo.  4.  Serm.  before  the 
Sons  of  the  Clergy,  1847,  Svo. 

Howe,  Charles,  1661-1745,  a  native  of  Gloucester 
shire,  of  an  ancient  family,  a  diplomatist  under  James  II. 
Devout  Meditations,  Svo.  Anon.  2d  ed.,  Edin.,  1752, 
12mo,  with  the  author's  name.  Often  reprinted.  An  ed. 
appeared  in  London  in  1824. 

"  An  exquisite  little  work." — BISHOP  JEBB. 

"  The  book  of  Meditations  I  have  read,  and  more  than  once; 
and  I  shall  never  lay  it  far  out  of  my  reach :  for  a  greater  de 
monstration  of  a  sound  head  and  sincere  heart  I  never  saw." — 
Dr.  Edward  Young,  the  poet,  to  Archibald  MacAulay,  Jan.  19, 
1752* 

"  'Tis  too  sure,  that  in  this  age  of  variety,  of  self-flying  engage 
ments,  there  are  not  many  to  be  found  who  have  a  relish  for  such 
sublime  and  spiritual  enjoyment  as  these  Meditations  are  capable 
of  affording."— Bishop  Hildesley  to  Miss  Jthells,  13  Dec.  1754. 

See  Lon.  Gent.  Mag.,  vol.  Ixiv.  Pt.  2,  595,  700;  But 
ler's  Life  of  Bp.  Hildesley,  363. 

Howe,  Klias,  Jr.,  of  Boston,  has  pub.  about  twenty 
popular  musical  educational  works. 

Howe,  Fisher,  b.  1798,  at  Rochester,  New  Hamp 
shire.  Oriental  and  Sacred  Scenes ;  from  Notes  of  Travel 
in  Greece,  Turkey,  and  Palestine,  N.  York,  1854, 12mo,  pp. 
408,  with  Maps  and  Col'd  Engravings,  Lon.,  1854,  fp.  Svo. 

Howe,  H.  D.  Clara  Evesham;  or,  The  Life  of  a 
School-Girl,  Lon.,  1850,  ISino. 

Howe,  Dr.  H.     The  Old  Missionary-Box,  Lon.,  1855. 

Howe,  Henry,  b.  1816,  at  New  Haven,  Conn.,  son 
of  Hezekiah  Howe,  a  well-known  publisher.  1.  Memoir 
of  Eminent  Mechanics,  N.  York,  1839,  12mo.  2.  In  con 
junction  with  John  W.  Barber,  of  New  Haven,  Historical 
Collections  of  New  York,  N.  Haven,  1841,  Svo.  3.  Also 
in  conjunction  with  J.  W.  B.,  Hist.  Collec.  of  N.  Jersey, 
1844,  8vo.  4.  Hist.  Collec.  of  Virginia,  Charleston,  1844, 
Svo;  1856,  Svo.  5.  Hist.  Collec.  of  Ohio,  1847,  Svo  ; 
1849,  8vo.  6.  The  Great  West,  1851.  7.  Travels  and 
Adventures  of  Celebrated  Travellers,1853. 

Howe,  James.     Leasing  Lands,  Lon.,  1813,  Svo. 

Howe,  John,  1630-1705,  an  eminent  Non-conformist 
divine,  son  of  the  minister  of  Loughborough,  Leicester 
shire,  was  educated  at  Christ  Coll.,  Cambridge,  became 
Fellow  of  Magdalene  Coll.,  Oxf.,  subsequently  minister 
ot  Great  Torrington,  Devonshire,  and  domestic  chaplain 
to  Oliver  Cromwell,  and  afterwards  to  Richard  Cromwell: 
ejected  for  Non-conformity,  1662;  chaplain  to  Lord  Mas- 
sarene,  in  Ireland,  where  he  was  permitted  to  preach, 
1671  to  1675;  chosen  minister  of  the  late  Dr.  Lazarus 
Seaman  s  congregation  in  London,  1675;  visited  the  Con- 
*in?2L  ¥rd  Wharton  in  1685;  returned  to  London 
in  1687 ;  and  continued  to  labour  among  his  old  con 
gregation  until  his  death,  which  occurred  April  2,  1705 
He  was  a  man  of  profound  learning,  eminent  piety,  and  i 
unwearied  zeal.  He  was  the  author  of  many  sermons  and 
theological  treatises,  which  have  always  been  held  in  the 
highest  estimation.  A  collective  edit,  of  the  works  which  I 
he  pub.  in  his  lifetime,  accompanied  by  a  Life  of  the  i 
author  by  Dr.  Edmund  Calamy,  appeared  in  1724  2  vols 
fol.;  repub.  in  1848,3  vols.  Svo,  £1  7*.,  edited  by  Rev! 
J.  P.  Hewlett  Two  vols.  of  Serins,  were  pub.  in  1744 


2  vols.  Svo.  Howe's  Whole  Works,  edited  by  Rev.  John 
Hunt,  of  Chichester,  were  pub.  in  1810-22,  8  vols.  r.  Svo. 
This  ed.  contains — I.  vols.  i.-iv.,  the  contents  of  the  2  fol. 
vols.  of  1724;  II.  vols.  v.-vi.,  his  Posthumous  Works, 
being  78  Serms.  and  a  portion  of  Pt.  1  of  the  Principles 
of  the  Oracles  of  God;  III.  vols.  vii.-viii.,  new  matter 
never  before  pub.  This  ed.  was  pub.  at  £3  3*. ;  large 
paper,  r.  8vo,  £4  4s.  Contents,  with  the  Life  by  Calamy, 
repub.,  1832,  imp.  Svo,  pp.  1278,  £2  2s. ;  again  in  1838, 
imp.  Svo,  £1  10s.  A  new  ed.,  to  be  comprised  in  9  vols. 
Svo,  has  been  recently  (in  May,  1856)  announced  as  in 
preparation  by  Messrs.  Johnstone  and  Hunter,  of  Edin 
burgh.  There  have  also  been  new  edits,  of  separate  trea 
tises  of  this  author,  edited  by  Noel  Gordon,  &c. ;  a  Selec 
tion  from  his  Works  and  Sketch  of  his  Life,  by  Rev.  W. 
Wilson,  D.D.,  1827,  2  vols.  18mo;  Select  Treatises,  with 
a  Memoir  by  Thos.  Taylor,  1835,  12mo;  a  selection  en 
titled  Christian  Theology,  by  John  Howe,  selected  and 
systematically  arranged,  with  a  Life,  by  Samuel  Dunn, 
1836,  12mo;  and  a  Life  and  Character  of  Howe,  by  H. 
Rogers.  Howe's  best-known  works  are  The  Living  Tem 
ple;  The  Blessedness  of  the  Righteous;  Of  Delighting 
in  God ;  The  Redeemer's  Tears ;  Enmity  and  Reconcilia 
tion  ;  The  Redeemer's  Dominion  over  the  Invisible 
World ;  The  Office  and  Work  of  the  Holy  Spirit ;  God's 
Prescience;  The  Vanity  of  this  Mortal  Life.  There  are  but 
few  theological  authors  recorded  in  our  Dictionary  whose 
writings  have  been  so  enthusiastically  commended  as 
those  of  John  Howe. 

"  He  seems  to  have  understood  the  gospel  as  well  as  any  unin 
spired  writer,  and  to  have  imbibed  as  much  of  its  spirit.  There 
is  the  truest  sublime  to  be  found  in  his  writings,  and  some  of  the 
strongest  pathos ;  yet,  often  obscure,  generally  harsh,  he  has  imi 
tated  the  worst  parts  of  Boyle's  style.  He  has  a  vast  number 
and  variety  of  uncommon  thoughts,  and  is,  on  the  whole,  one  of 
the  most  valuable  writers  in  our  language,  or,  I  believe,  in  the 
world." — DR.  DODDRIDGE. 

"  Possessed  of  the  learning  of  Cudworth,  the  evangelical  piety 
of  Owen,  and  the  fervour  of  Baxter,  with  a  mind  of  larger  dimen 
sions  than  what  belonged  to  any  of  these  distinguished  indi 
viduals,  every  thing  which  fell  from  his  pen  is  worthy  of  immor 
tality.  He  delights  while  he  instructs,  and  impresses  while  he 
enlightens.  His  Living  Temple,  The  Blessedness  of  the  Righteous, 
Of  Delighting  in  God,  The  Redeemer's  Tears,  are  among  the  finest 
productions  of  uninspired  genius,  and  must  be  read  with  high 
gratification  by  every  Christian.  His  style  is  occasionally  rugged 
and  inharmonious;  but  the  sentiment  will  richly  repay  the  trifling 
annoyance  of  its  harsh  and  involved  structure." — Orme'sBibl.  Bib. 

"For  depth  and  originality  of  thought,  John  Howe  has  never 
been  surpassed  by  any  theological  writer  whatever.  His  prin 
ciples  were  strictly  evangelical,  and  his  spirit  eminently  catholic 
and  devout.  His  Living  Temple,  especially,  is  a  masterpiece  of 
profound  argumentation.  .  .  .  His  best  pieces  are  The  Blessedness 
of  the  Righteous,  Delighting  in  God,  Enmity  and  Reconciliation, 
Redeemer's  Tears,  and  Dominion.  Some  Funeral  Sermons,  and 
part  of  his  Living  Temple,  are  most  excellent."— Dr.  E.  Williams  i 
C.P. 

"  Mr.  Howe,  nervous  and  majestic,  with  all  the  powers  of  ima 
gery  at  his  command." — JAMES  HERVEY. 

"  A  very  extraordinary,  original,  sublime,  and  splendid  writer, 
but  sometimes  obscure  and  heavy.  Few  writers  will  more 
strengthen  and  enlarge  the  reader's  mind  ;  but  he  is  deficient  iu 
evangelical  statement  and  simplicity." — BickersteWs  C.  S. 

"Perhaps  it  may  be  considered  as  no  unfair  test  of  intellectual 
and  spiritual  excellence  that  a  person  can  relish  the  writings  of 
John  Howe:  if  he  does  not,  he  may  have  reason  to  suspect  that 
something  in  the  head  or  heart  is  wrong.  A  young  minister  who 
wishes  to  attain  eminence  in  his  profession,  if  he  has  not  the 
works  of  John  Howe,  and  can  procure  them  in  no  other  way, 
should  sell  his  coat  and  buy  them;  and,  if  that  will  not  suffice, 
let  him  sell  his  bed  and  lie  on  the  floor;  and  if  he  spend  his  days 
in  reading  them  he  will  not  complain  that  he  lies  hard  at  night. 
....  The  Blessedness  of  the  Righteous  is  a  first-rate  perform 
ance,  and  contains  a  vast  extent  of  thought,  of  learning  but 
especially  of  piety.  ...  A  Treatise  of  Delighting  in  God  is  one  of 
the  finest  pieces  of  practical  theology  to  be  found  in  the  English 
language."— Bogue  and  Bennett's  Hist,  of  Dissenters. 

"  One  of  the  most  learned  and  polite  writers  among  the  dis 
senters.  His  reading  in  divinity  was  very  extensive:  he  was  a 
good  0  rientalist,  and  understood  several  of  the  modern  languages. 
....  His  Blessedness  of  the  Righteous  was  the  most  generally- 
esteemed  of  his  performances.  He  was  an  admired  preacher,  but 
was  sometimes  too  profound  for  ordinary  capacities.  There  is  an 
uncommon  depth  of  thought  in  several  of  his  works."—  Granger's 
Biog.  Hist,  of  Eng. 

"  None  can  peruse  his  writings  without  feeling  that  his  mind 
was  habitually  filled  with  the  contemplation  of  that  peculiar  but 
truly  divine  character,  that  comprehensiveness  and  all-pervading 
excellence,  the  ultimate  development  of  which,  in  those  who 
embrace  Christianity,  is  the  design  of  the  mysteries  it  reveals, 
and  of  all  the  powerful  motives  by  which  it  prompts  to  action." 
— Rogers' s  Life  of  Howe. 

"  Nothing  in  the  language  can  equal,  as  a  whole,  Howe's  Living 
Temple;  but  his  Blessedness  of  the  Righteous  is  one  of  my 
favourite  pieces.  I  read  it  again  and  again  with  renewed  interest 
and  delight."— WILLIAM  JAY. 

See  Genl.  Diet.;  Biog.  Brit.;  Lives  of  Howe  noticed 
above;  Birch's  Tillotson;  Wilson's  Hist,  of  Dissenting 
Churches;  Lon.  Quar.  Rev.,  (by  Robert  Southey,)  x.  113- 


HOW 


HOW 


115 ;  Eclcc.  Rev.,  4th  Ser.,  xxiv.  385 ;  N.York  Lit.  and  Theo. 
Rev.,  iv.  538;  Bost.  Chris.  Exam.,  (by  J.  Brazer,)  xx.  191. 

The  critical  opinion  of  Robert  Hall  is  always  too 
valuable  to  be  omitted  where  it  can  at  all  be  crowded  in; 
and,  though  want  of  room  prevents  us  from  citing  other 
comments  before  us,  the  verdict  of  so  eminent  an  autho 
rity  must  not  be  denied.  It  occurs  in  the  memoranda 
of  a  conversation  between  Mr.  Hall  and  the  Rev.  Robert 
Balmer,  of  Berwick -upon-Tweed : 

"  B.  '  May  I  ask,  sir,  what  writers  you  would  most  recommend 
to  a  young  minister?'  II.  '"Why,  sir,  I  feel  very  incompetent  to 
give  directions  on  that  head:  I  can  only  say  that  I  have  learned 
far  more  from  John  Howe  than  from  any  other  author  I  ever  read. 
There  is  an  astonishing  magnificence  in  his  conceptions.  He  had 
not  the  same  perception  of  the  beautiful  as  of  the  sublime;  and 
hence  his  endless  subdivisions.'  B.  '  That  was  the  fault  of  his 
age.'  H.  'In  part,  sir;  but  he  has  more  of  it  than  many  of  the 
writers  of  that  period ;  than  Barrow,  for  example,  who  was  some 
what  earlier.  There  was,  I  think,  an  innate  inaptitude  in  Howe's 
mind  for  discerning  minute  graces  and  proprieties,  and  hence  his 
sentences  are  often  long  and  cumbersome.  Still,  he  was  unques 
tionably  the  greatest  of  the  Puritan  divines.' 

"After  adverting  to  several  of  Howe's  works,  Mr.  H.  said,  in 
reference  to  his  Blessedness  of  the  Righteous,  '  Perhaps  Baxter's 
Saint's  Rest  is  fitted  to  make  a  deeper  impression  on  the  majority 
of  readers.  Baxter  enforces  a  particular  idea  with  extraordinary 
clearness,  force,  and  earnestness.  His  appeals  to  the  conscience 
are  irresistible.  Howe,  again,  is  distinguished  by  calmness,  self- 
possession,  majesty,  and  comprehensiveness;  and  for  my  own  part, 
I  decidedly  prefer  him  to  Baxter.  I  admire,  exceedingly,  his  Liv 
ing  Temple,  bis  sermon  on  the  Redeemer's  Tears,  &c. ;  but,  in  my 
opinion,  the  best  thing  he  ever  wrote  is  his  defence  of  the  sincerity 
of  the  Gospel  offer.  I  refer  to  the  treatise  called  the  Reconcilable- 
ness  of  God's  Prescience  of  the  Sins  of  Men  with  [the  Wisdom  and 
Sincerity  of]  his  Counsels,  Exhortations,  and  whatever  other 
[whatsoever]  Means  he  uses  to  prevent  them.  This  I  regard  as  the 
most  profound,  the  most  philosophical,  and  the  most  valuable  of 
all  Howe's  writings.'  "—Hall's  Works,  ed.  Lon.,  1853 :  Memoir, vi.120. 

Howe,  John,  M.P.,  d.  1721,  a  relation  of  Charles 
Howe,  (ante,)  and  a  statesman  of  note,  was  the  author  of 
A  Panegyric  on  King  William,  and  of  several  songs  and 
little  poems.  He  is  introduced  in  Swift's  ballad  On  The 
Game  of  Traffic.  See  Nichols's  Poems;  Collins's  Peerage. 

Howe,  Joseph,  a  lineal  descendant  of  the  celebrated 
Puritan  divine,  John  Howe,  editor  of  The  Nova-Scotian, 
1828-40,  and  Secretary  of  State  of  Nova  Scotia,  1848-54. 
The  Speeches  and  Public  Letters  of  the  Hon.  Joseph  Howe ; 
edited  by  William  Annand,  M.P.P.,  Bost.,  1858,  2  vols.  8vo. 

Howe,  Josiah,  d.  1701,  a  divine  and  poet,  Fellow  of 
Trin.  Coll.,  Oxf.,  preached  in  1644  a  sermon  before  Charles 
I.,  of  which  thirty  copies  were  printed  in  red  letters.  A 
copy,  the  only  one  known,  is  in  the  Bodleian  Library. 
He  was  the  author  of  a  set  of  recommendatory  English 
verses  prefixed  to  the  folio  edit,  of  Beaumont  and  Fletcher; 
of  another  before  Randolph's  Poems,  1640;  of  another 
before  Cartwright's  Comedies  and  Poems,  1651. 

"  These  pieces,"  says  Warton,  "  which  are  in  the  witty  epigram 
matic  style  that  then  prevailed,  have  uncommon  acuteness,  and 
highly  deserve  to  be  revived." 

See  Athen.  Oxon. ;  Warton's  Life  of  Sir  Thomas  Pope, 
(Preface;)  and  Warton's  Life  of  Bathurst,  pp.  154,  211. 

Howe,  Mrs.  Julia  Ward,  b.  1819,  a  daughter  of  Mr. 
Samuel  Ward,  of  New  York,  married,  in  1843,  to  Samuel  G. 
Howe,  M.D.,  a  well-known  philanthropist  of  Boston,  pub. 
in  1854  (Boston,  16mo)  a  vol.  of  poetry  entitled  Passion 
Flowers.  Mrs.  Howe's  poems  have  elicited  enthusiastic 
commendation.  See  Griswold's  Female  Poets  of  America; 
Duyckincks'  Cyc.  of  Amer.  Lit.;  Read's  Female  Poets, of 
America;  Southern  Quar.  Rev.,  July,  1854.  This  lady  is 
a  daughter  of  the  late  Mrs.  Julia  Rush  Ward,  of  whom  a 
notice  will  be  found  in  a  later  page  of  this  volume. 

2.  Words  for  the  Hour,  Boston,  1856,  16rno.  3.  The 
World's  Own,  Boston,  1857,  16mo.  4.  Hippolytus;  a 
Tragedy,  1858. 

Howe,  Nathaniel,  1764-1837,  pastor  of  the  Congre 
gational  Church  in  Hopkinton,  Mass.,  pub.  some  serms.,  Ac. 
See  an  article  (by  W.  Tudor)  in  N.  Amer.  Rev.,  iv.  93-97. 

Howe,  Obadiah,  D.D.,  d.  1682,  Vicar  of  Boston, 
Lincolnshire.  1.  The  Universalist  Examined  and  Criticized, 
Lon.,  1648,  4  to.  2.  Answer  to  J.  Goodwin's  Pagin's  Debt 
and  Dowry,  1655.  3.  Serin.,  1664,  4to.  4.  A  Pattern  for 
Governours,  1735,  4to. 

Howe,  Richard,  Viscount,  1725-1799,  an  English 
Admiral,  second  son  of  Lord  Viscount  Howe,  pub.  A  Nar 
rative  of  the  Transactions  of  the  Fleet,  Ac.  in  1779.  Sir 
John  Barrow  pub.  in  1838,  8vo,  the  Life  of  RICHARD,  EARL 
HOWE,  q.  v.  And  see  a  review  of  this  work  by  Robert 
Southey,  in  Lon.  Quar.  Rev.,  Ixii.  1;  and  another  review, 
in  Dubl.  Univ.  Mag.,  xvii.  693 :  see  also  Eclec.  Rev.,  4th 
Ser.,  iii.  178;  Blackw.  Mag.,  xxi.  739;  xxxiv.  4. 

Howe,  Samuel*  Practice  in  Civil  Actions  and  Pro 
ceedings  in  Law  in  New  Hampshire,  Bost.,  1834,  8vo. 


Howe,  Samuel  G.,  M.D.,  an  eminent  philanthropist 
of  Boston.  1.  Hist.  Sketch  of  the  Greek  Revolution,  N. 
York,  1828, 8vo.  2.  Reader  for  the  Blind,  printed  in  Raised 
Characters,  1839.  3.  Reports,  Essays,  Ac.  on  the  educa 
tion  of  the  Blind,  the  Idiotic,  and  on  other  subjects.  Dr. 
Howe  is  well  known  as  the  successful  instructor  of  Laura 
Bridgman,  the  deaf,  dumb,  and  blind  girl. 

Howe,  T.  H.  Lessons  on  the  Globes,  and  Key,  Lon., 
1842,  '45,  12mo. 

It  appears  to  contain  a  great  variety  of  problems  and  illustra 
tions,  and,  I  have  no  doubt,  will  prove  useful  to  the  youthful  stu 
dent."— SIR  JOHN  F.  W.  HERSCHEL. 

Howe,  Thomas,  a  Dissenting  minister,  pub.  serms. 
and  theolog.  treatises,  1765-1805. 

Howe,  Sir  William,  d.  1814,  a  brother  of  Admiral 
Howe,  (ante,)  was  the  successor  of  General  Gage  in  the 
ommand  of  the  British  forces  in  America,  arriving  in 
Boston,  May,  1775,  with  Burgoyne.  He  pub.  a  Narrative 
relative  to  his  command  in  N.  America,  Lon.,  1780,  4to. 
See  Rich's  Bibl.  Amer.  Nova,  vol.  i.,  and  works  on  this 
subject  there  noticed;  Blackw.  Mag.,  xx.  202-203;  and 
the  histories  relative  to  the  American  Revolution. 

Howel  the  Good,  or  Hyweldda,  a  legislator  of 
the  10th  century,  was  the  son  and  successor  of  Cadell, 
King  of  all  Wales.  See  the  laws  established  by  Howel, 
founded  on  those  of  Dunwallo  Molmutius,  in  Leges  Wal- 
licae  Ecclesiasticae  et  Civiles,  Hoeli  Boni  et  aliorum  Wal- 
lige  Principum,  edit.  Wotton,  Lon.,  1730,  fol. 

Howel,  Laurence,  d.  1720,  a  learned  Non-juring 
divine,  educated  at  Jesus  Coll.,  Camb.,  ordained  by  the 
Non-juror,  Bishop  Hickes,  in  1712,  was  imprisoned  in  1717 
for  writing  a  pamphlet  en  titled  (1.)  The  Case  of  Schism  in 
the  Church  of  England  truly  stated,  Lon.,  1715, 8vo.  Anon. 
He  died  in  Newgate, — to  the  great  disgrace  of  his  perse 
cutors.  Howel  was  also  the  author  of  (2.)  Synopsis  Ca- 
nonum  S.S.  Apostolorum  et  Conciliorum  (Ecumenicorum 
et  Provincialium  ab  Ecclesia  Graeca  Receptorum,  Ac., 
1708,  fol.  Among  other  interesting  matter  in  this  volume 
will  be  found  the  Modus  tenendi  Synodos  in  Anglia  pri- 
maeris  temporibus.  3.  Synopsis  Canonum  Ecclesiae,  La- 
tine,  1708,  fol. ;  1710,  fol.  4.  View  of  the  Pontificate  to 
1563;  2ded.,  1712,  8vo. 
"  A  very  able  attack  on  Popery," —  Watt's  Bibl.  Brit. 

5.  Desiderius,  or  The  Original  Pilgrim;  a  Divine  Dia 
logue  from  the  Spanish,  1717,  8vo.  This  is  the  original 
of  Bishop  Patrick's  parable  of  the  Pilgrim,  and  of  other 
similar  works.  6.  A  Complete  Hist,  of  the  Bible,  1725,  3 
vols.  8vo;  1729,  3  vols.  8vo.  Enlarged  and  improved  by 
the  Rev.  George  Burder,  1806,  3  vols.  12mo. 

"  So  materially  corrected  and  improved  by  Dr.  Burder  as  almost 
to  form  a  new  work." — Home's  Bibl.  Bib. 

7.  The  Orthodox  Communicant,  1721,  8vo.  SeeLowndes's 
Brit.  Lib.,  794-795 ;  Darling's  Cyc.  Bibl.,  i.  1563 ;  Nichols's 
Lit.  Anec. ;  Athen.  Oxon. ;  Chalmers's  Biog.  Diet.,  and 
authorities  there  cited. 

Howel,  Thomas,  M.D.,  of  the  E.  I.  Co.  Journal  of 
the  Passage  from  India,  Ac.,  Lon.,  1789,  '90,  8vo. 

Howell,  Mrs.  1.  Georgina;  a  Nov.,  Lon.,  1796,  2 
vols*  12mo.  2.  Auzoletta  Zadoskia;  a  Nov.,  1796,  2  vols. 
12mo.  3.  The  Spoiled  Child;  a  Nov.,  1797,  2  vols.  12mo. 

Howell,  Caroline  A.  1.  Seed- Time  and  Harvest, 
Lon.  2.  The  Gospel  of  Other  Times,  1853,  18mo. 

"  A  sound  and  eminently  practical  compression  of  a  great  sub 
ject  into  a  very  small  compass.  We  can  heartily  recommend  it." 
— Bicker  stetfi's  Weekly  Visitor. 

Howell,  Elizabeth,  widow  of  Robert  Howell,  of 
Philadelphia,  and  a  native  and  resident  of  that  city,  better 
known  by  her  maiden  name, — Miss  Lloyd, — has  gained  con 
siderable  celebrity  by  her  poem  entitled  Milton's  Prayer 
of  Patience.  These  verses,  originally  pub.  anonymously 
in  The  Friends'  Review  for  January,  1848,  were  subse 
quently  pub.  as  Milton's  in  an  English  edit,  of  his  works. 
They  have  frequently  appeared  in  periodicals  under  the 
title  of  Milton  on  his  Loss  of  Sight  It  is  hardly  neces 
sary  to  state  that  they  possess  an  uncommon  degree  of 
merit.  They  will  be  found  in  T.  Buchanan  Read's  Female 
Poets  of  America,  6th  ed.,  Phila.,  1855.  Mrs.  Howell  also 
contributed  several  poems  to  The  Wheat  Sheaf,  a  collec 
tion  of  Prose  and  Poetry,  Phila.,  1852;  3d  ed.,  1857. 

Howell,  George.     Med.  con.  to  Phil.  Trans.,  1746. 

Howell,  James,  1594-1666,  educated  at,  and  Fellow 
of,  Jesus  College,  Oxford,  was  the  son  of  Thomas  Hall, 
minister  of  Abernant,  in  Caermarthenshire.  From  1619 
he  travelled  in  Holland,  Flanders,  Spain,  France,  and 
Italy,  as  steward  to  a  glass-ware  manufactory,  and  was 
subsequently  employed  abroad  and  at  home  on  public 
business,  and  in  1640  made  Clerk  of  the  Council.  In  1643 
he  was  committed  to  the  Fleet  Prison  by  order  of  Parlia- 

903 


HOW 


HOW 


mcnt,  and  remained  there,  •writing  and  translating  books, 
until  some  time  after  the  murder  of  Charles  I.  At  the 
Restoration  his  sufferings  in  the  cause  of  loyalty  were 
rewarded  by  the  post  of  Historiographer-Royal  of  Eng 
land,  which  place  was  created  for  his  benefit  and  retained 
by  him  until  his  death.  He  was  a  man  of  learning  and 
humour,  and  versed  in  the  modern  languages.  "Thank 
God,"  he  says,  "  I  have  this  fruit  of  my  foreign  travels, 
that  I  can  pray  unto  Him  eveuy  day  of  the  week  in  a 
separate  language,  and  upon  Sunday  in  seven."  As  a 
writer,  although  he  was  the  author  of  forty-one  original 
works, — historical,  political,  poetical,  and  philological, — 
and  the  translator  of  four  from  the  Italian,  one  from  the 
French,  and  one,  from  the  Spanish,  all  but  his  Familiar 
Letters  may  be  said  to  be  unknown  to  ordinary  readers. 
We  notice  a  few  of  his  publications: — 1.  Dendrologia;  or, 
the  Vocall  Forest,'  Lon.,  1640,  fol.;  2d  ed.,  1644,  4to: 
Camb.,  1645,  12mo;  3d  ed.,  pub.  under  the  title  of 
AENAPOAOriA — Dodona's  Grove ;  or,  the  Vocall  Forest. 
Pub.  with  two  other  tracts,  viz. :  Parables  reflecting  upon 
the  Times,  and  England's  Teares  for  the  Present  Wars, 
1645 :  2d  Part  of  Dodona's  Grove,  1650,  8vo.  In  French, 
1st  Part,  Paris,  1641,  4to;  2d  Part,  Paris,  1652,  4to.  In 
Latin,  1st  Part,  Lon.,  1646,  8vo. 

"This  is  a  strange  allegory,  without  any  ingenuity  in  main 
taining  the  analogy  between  the  outer  and  the  inner  story,  which 
alone  can  give  a  reader  any  pleasure  in  allegorical  writing.  The 
subject  is  the  state  of  Europe,  especially  of  England,  about  1640, 
under  the  guise  of  animated  trees  in  a  forest.  .  .  .  The  contrivance 
is  all  along  so  clumsy  and  unintelligible,  the  invention  so  poor 
and  absurd,  the  story — if  story  there  be — so  dull  an  echo  of  well- 
known  events,  that  it  is  impossible  to  reckon  Dodona's  Grove 
any  thing  but  an  entire  failure.  Howell  has  no  wit,  but  he  has 
abundance  of  conceits,  flat  and  commonplace  enough.  With 
all  this,  he  was  a  man  of  some  sense  and  observation." — Hallam's 
Lit.  Hist,  of  Europe,  ed.  1854;  iii.  169. 

Mr.  Hallam  suggests  with  much  plausibility  that  Har 
rington's  Oceana,  pub.  in  1656,  was 

"  Partly  suggested,  perhaps,  by  the  Dodona's  G  rove  of  Howell, 
or  by  Barclay's  Argenis,  and  a  few  other  fictions  of  the  preceding 
age." — Uui  supra,  p.  438.  See  Censura  Literaria. 

2.  Instructions  for  Forraine  Travell,  1642,  12mo;  with 
addits.,  1650,  ISmo. 

"Something  is  to  be  had  from  Howell  still.  It  is  agreeable,  if 
not  useful,  to  know  what  a  traveller  was  in  the  days  of  James  and 
Charles." — Lon.  IMrosp.  Rev.,  xiii.  18-30,  1826.  This  review  con 
tains  copious  quotations. 

3.  Epistolae  Ho-Elianae ;  or,  Familiar  Letters,  Domestic 
and  Foreign :    divided  into  sundry  Sections,  partly  His 
torical,  partly  Political,  partly  Philosophical,  upon  emer 
gent  Occasions,  1645,  4to.     Another  vol.  in   1647  ;    both 
these,  with  the  addit.  of  a  third,  in  1650,  3  vols.  8vo;  4th 
vol.,  1655,  8vo;  llth  ed.,  1754,  8vo.     Since  several  times 
reprinted.     These  Letters,  addressed  to  James  L,  to  seve 
ral  Lords  and  Bishops,  Sir  Kenelm  Digby,  Sir  Rob.  Na 
pier,  Ben  Jonson,  and  others,  contain  many  curious  par 
ticulars  relating  to  the  reigns  of  James  I.  and  Charles  I. 

"Many  of  the  said  letters  were  never  written  before  the  author 
of  them  was  in  the  Fleet,  as  he  pretended  they  were,  only  feigned, 
(no  time  being  kept  with  their  dates.)  and  purposely  published  to 
gain  time  to  relieve  his  necessities,  yet  give  a  tolerable  history  of 
those  times."— Athen.  Oxon.,  Bliss's  ed.,  iii.  746-747. 

Dr.  Bliss  gives  a  table  of  the  edits,  of  Howell's  Letters, 
and  announces  his  intention  of  publishing  a  new  and  cor 
rected  edit.,  with  notes  and  an  appendix,  for  which  he 
had  long  been  making  the  necessary  collections.  It  is  to 
be  greatly  regretted  that  it  was  never  given  to  the  world. 
The  table  of  edits,  is  as  follows:—!.  1647;  2.  1647;  3. 
1650;  4.1655;  5.1673;  6.1688;  7.1708;  9.  1726;  10. 
1737 ;  11. 1754.  The  ed.  of  1737  has  the  reputation  of 
being  the  best 

"I  believe  the  second  published  correspondence  of  this  kind, 
and,  in  our  own  language  at  least,  of  any  importance  after  Hall, 
[see  HALL,  JOSEPH,  D.D.]  will  be  found  to  be  Epistolae  Ho-Elianse, 
or  the  Letters  of  James  Howell,  a  great  traveller,  an  intimate 
friend  of  Jonson,  and  the  -first  who  bore  the  office  of  the  royal 
historiographer,  which  discover  a  variety  of  literature,  and  abound 
with  much  entertaining  and  useful  information." — Warton's  Hist, 
of  Eng.  Poet.,  ed.  1840,  iii.  440-441. 

"Howell  is  a  wit  who,  in  writing  his  own  history,  has  written 
that  of  his  own  times;  he  is  one  of  the  few  whose  genius,  striking 
in  the  heat  of  the  moment  only  current  coin,  produce  finished 
metal  for  the  cabinet.  His  letters  are  still  published."— Disraeli's 
Literary  Miscellanies,  ed.  1840,  p.  45. 

"  These  letters  were  written  in  England,  but  are  not  the  coinage 
of  British  soil.     They  are  amusing  and  instructive,  and  have  de 
servedly  gone  through  half  a  score  of  editions.    The  account  in 
them  of  the  assassination  of  Henry  IV.  of  France  is  minutely 
curious." — Dibdin's  Lib.  Comp. 
"  His  letters  are  entertaining." — HALLAM  :  uoi  supra. 
11  If  there  be  any  exception  to  the  general  rule  that  letters  pre 
pared  for  the  press  are  the  most  sickening  and  tiresome  of  all 
compositions,  it  will  certainly  be  found  in  the  familiar  letters  of 
James  Howell,  commonly  called  Epistolae,  Ho-Eliance,  which  com 


pose  one  of  the  most  curious  volumes  in  English  literature." — 
Lon.  Retrosp.  Rev.,  iv.  183-200,  1821,  q.  v. 

4.  A  Perfect  Description  of  the  People  and  Country  of 
Scotland,  1649,  4to.    Reprinted ;  also  in  The  North  Briton, 
No.  13. 

"  At  its  reappearance  there  was  some  talk  of  prosecuting  the 
publisher  for  a  libel ;  but  it  is  surprising  that  such  extravagant 
3reposterous  stuff  should  excite  any  emotion  but  contempt." — 
Watt's  Bill.  Brit. 

5.  Londinopolis  :  an  historicall  Discourse  or  Perlustra- 
tion  of  the  City  of  London,  and  of  Westminster,  1657,  fol. 
Principally  borrowed  from  Stow's  Survey,  and  his  con- 
tinuators.      6.  Poems  upon  divers  Emergent  Occasions, 
1664,   8vo,   pp.   136.      Edited   by   Payne  Fisher.      Bibl. 
Anglo-Poet.,  384,  £3  6s.,  q.  v.;  and  see  Athen.  Oxon. 

The  reader  who  desires  to  know  more  of  Howell  and  his 
publications  must  refer,  in  addition  to  authorities  already 
cited,  to  Biog.  Brit.,  Lloyd's  Memoirs,  and  Lowndes's  Bibl. 
Man.,  974-975.  We  marvel  that  some  of  the  enterprising 
British  publishers — the  Nicholses,  Bohns,  or  Parkers,  who 
bave  done  so  much  for  the  revival  of  ancient  English  lore 
— have  not  presented  us  with  a  new  edit,  of  Epistolse  Ho- 
Elianee;  for,  in  the  words  of  an  eminent  authority, 

"  It  is  refreshing  to  turn  from  the  cobweb  compositions  of  the 
present  day,  in  which  there  is  no  strength  of  material,  to  the 
sterling  sense  and  lively  wit  of  these  familiar  letters." — Lon. 
Retrosp.  Rev.,  vol.  iv.  p.  200, 1821. 

The  new  editor  of  the  Letters,  if  such  an  individual 
should  make  his  appearance,  must  endeavour  to  procure 
tho  late  Henry  Fauntleroy's  illustrated  copy,  bound  in 
three  imperial  folios. 

Howell,  James.     Serin.,  Lon.,  1780,  4to. 

Howell,  John.  Persecution;  or,  Sufferings  for 
Christ's  Sake,  Lon.,  1685,  4to. 

Howell,  John.  Life  and  Adventures  of  Alexander 
Selkirk.  See  DE  FOE,  DANIEL,  p.  489. 

Howell,  John.  An  Essay  on  the  War-Galleys  of 
the  Ancients,  Edin.,  1826,  8vo. 

Howell,  Laurence.     See  HOWEL. 

Howell,  Thomas.  1.  The  Fable  of  Ouid,  treting 
of  Narcissus,  trans,  into  English  Mytre,  Lon.,  1560,  4to. 
2.  The  Arbor  of  Amitie,  1568,  '69,  8vo.  3.  T.  H.'s  De 
vises  for  his  owne  Exercise  and  his  Friend's  Pleasure, 
1581,  4to.  See  Warton's  Hist,  of  Eng.  Poetry;  Ritson's 
Bibl.  Poet. ;  Cens.  Lit. ;  Brit.  Bibliog. 

Howell,  Thomas,  M.D.     See  HOWEL. 

Howell,  Thomas  B.  1.  Obs.  on  Dr.  Sturge's  Pamph 
let  resp.  the  Non-residence  of  the  Clergy,  Lon.,  1802,'03,8vo. 
2.  Complete  Collec.  of  State  Trials,  Ac.  from  the  Earliest 
Period  to  the  Present  Time,  Lon.,  1809-28,  34  vols.  r.  8vo. 
Compiled  by  T.  B.  Howell;  continued  to  1820  by  his  son, 
Thomas  Jones  Howell ;  with  a  General  Index  to  the  whole 
Collection,  by  David  Jardine.  Originally  pub.  at  £52  ; 
reduced  to  £16  16*.  Index  separate,  £1  11s.  Qd.  This 
invaluable  work  we  have  already  noticed  :  see  HARGRAVE, 
FRANCIS  ;  HANSARD,  T.  C.  Hargrave  disclaimed  the  edi 
torial  responsibility  connected  with  the  collection  of  State 
Trials  which  goes  under  his  name.  See  a  valuable  article 
on  the  State  Trials,  in  Wallace's  Reporters,  3d  ed.,  1855, 
54-59.  To  the  works  recommended  in  these  articles  to 
the  legal  student,  we  must  add  one  of  recent  date,  viz. : 
Modern  State  Trials  Reviewed  and  Illustrated,  1850,  2 
vols.  8vo,  by  Wm.  Chas.  Townsend,  Recorder  of  Maccles- 
field,  and  author  of  several  valuable  half-legal,  half-his 
torical  works.  A  review  of  Howell's  State  Trials  will  be 
found  in  Edin.  Rev.,  xxxi.  235-246.  Miss  Mitford  hung 
over  the  State  Trials  with  delight: 

"Of all  collected  works,  those  I  liked  best— better  than  the  poets 
from  Chaucer  to  Tennyson,  better  than  the  dramatists  from 
Shakspeare  to  Talfourd — were  those  most  real  and  exciting  of  all 
dramas  called  trials." — Recollec.  of  a  Literary  Life. 

We  avow  the  same  taste,  though  not  quite  to  the  same 
extent,  and  are  now  in  anxious  quest  of  a  copy  of  the 
State  Trials,  and  trust  that  before  the  reader  sees  this 
article  we  shall  see  the  thirty-four  goodly  octavos  adorn 
ing  our  library-shelves. 

Howell,  Thomas  Jones.    See  HOWELL,  THOMAS  B. 
Howell,  Wm.,  Fellow  of  Magdalene  Coll.,  Camb., 
and  Chancellor  of  Lincoln,  d.  1683.     1.  Elementa  Historian 
Civilis,  usque  ad  Monarchium  Constantini  M.,  Oxf.,  1660; 
Lon.,  1671,  8vo.     Enlarged  ed.,  1704.     2.  An  Institution 
of  General  History,  or  Hfstory  of  the  World  to  1067,  fol., 
1662  ;  1680-85,  4  vols.  fol.  Commended  by  Gibbon,  Hume, 
and  Johnson.  3.  Ecclesiastical  Hist.,  1685,  fol.  4.  Medulla 
Historia  Anglicanee :    the  Ancient  and  Present  State  of 
England,  1679,  1712,  '19,  '34,  '42,  8vo. 
Howell,  Wm.     Serm.,  Lon.,  1676,  4to. 
Howell,  Wm.     Two  Serms.,  Oxf.,  1711,  '12. 
Howell.     See  HOWEL. 


HOW 

Howels,  Win.,  minister  of  Long-Acre  Episcopal 
Chapel,  long  known  as  a  popular  preacher  of  the  "  Evan 
gelical  School."  1.  Remains  of,  consisting  of  Extracts 
from  his  Sermons,  by  the  Rev.  Win.  P.  Moore,  Dubl., 
1833, 12mo.  New  ed.,  Lon.,  1852,  fp.  8vo.  2.  XL  Serms. 
on  the  Lord's  Prayer,  and  a  serm.  on  Scriptural  Worship, 
Lon.,  1835,  8vo.  3.  Serms.,  with  Memoir  by  Chas.  Bowdler, 
1835,  2  vols.  8vo ;  2d  ed.,  vol.  i.,  1836,  8vo.  4.  XX.  Serms., 

1835,  12mo.     5.  LII.  Serms.,  from  Notes  by  H.  H.  White, 

1836,  8vo.     6.  Prayers  before  and  after  the  Sermon,  32mo. 
7.  Choice  Sentences,  ed.  by  the  Rev.  W.  Bruce,  1850, 18mo. 
For  an  account  of  Mr.  Howels,  see  two  Funeral  Serms., 
occasioned  by  his  death,  by  the  Rev.  Henry  Melvill  and 
the  Hon.   and  Rev.  Baptist  Noel,  Ac.,  1832,  8vo  j    and 
Brief  Memoirs  of  Rev.  W.  Howels,  by  the  Rev.  E.  Morgan, 
1854,  fp.  8vo. 

"His  great  aim  was  always  to  reach  the  consciences  of  his 
hearers.  One  of  his  paragraphs  would  have  been  another  man's 
sermon."— REV.  HENRY  MELVILL. 

Howes,  Edmund*  Annales ;  or,  A  General  Chro 
nicle  of  England,  begun  by  John  Stow :  continued  to  the 
end  of  the  year  1631,  Lon.,  1631,  fol.  See  STOW,  JOHN. 

Howes,  Francis.  1.  Miscellaneous  Poet.  Trans., 
Ac.,  Lon.,  1806,  8vo.  2,  Satires  of  Persius,  trans,  with 
Notes,  1809,  8vo. 

Howes,  John,  Rector  of  Abingdon.  Serm.,  1670, 4to. 
Howes,  John.     See  HOWES,  THOMAS. 
Howes,  Thomas,  or  John.     Critical  Observations 
on  Books,  ancient  and  modern,  Pts.  1-16,  and  appendices, 
Lon.,  1776-1813,  8vo.    Anon.     A  complete  set  of   this 
series,  perhaps,  cannot  be  obtained  at  any   price.      Mr. 
Bohn  advertised  one  in  1848,  bound  in  5  vols.,  for  £2  2s., 
which  had  formerly  belonged  to  Thomas  Falconer.     Mr. 
Bohn  had  never  seen  another  complete  set.    Dr.  Parr  calls 
Howes  the  "  very  learned  and  most  acute."     See  Biblio- 
thcca  Parriana,  p.  280.     Bohn  calls  the  author   "John 
Howes,  of  Norwich ;"  Lowndes  calls  him  Thomas. 
Howes,  Robert.     Hist,  of  Framlingham. 
Howes,  Rev.  T.     Abridgt.  of  Dr.  John  Taylor's 
Key  to  the  Apostolic  Writings,  Ac.,  1806. 

Howett,  Samuel.  Some  Few  Proposals  for  Public 
Service  both  by  Sea  and  Land,  1689. 

Howgill,  Francis,  a  Quaker.  The  Darnings  of 
the  Gospel-Day,  and  its  Light  and  Glory  Discouered, 
Lon.,  1676,  fol. 

Howgrave,  Francis.  1.  Rumour  against  Inocula 
tion,  Lon.,  1724,  8vo.  2.  Essay  on  the  Ancient  and  Pre 
sent  State  of  Stamford,  1726,  4to. 

Howiclt,  Rt.  Hon.  Viscount.  Speech  in  the 
House  of  Commons,  Lon.,  1807,  8vo. 

Howie,  John,  1735-1791,  a  native  of  Lochgoil, 
Scotland.  1.  Biographia  Scoticana;  or,  A  Brief  Histori 
cal  Account  of  the  most  Eminent  Scots  Worthies,  Ac., 
1503-1688,  1774;  again,  enlarged,  Glasg.,  1781,  8vo,  and 
later  edits.  New  ed.,  Revised,  Corrected,  and  Enlarged, 
with  a  Pref.  and  Notes,  by  Win.  McGavin,  author  of  The 
Protestant,  Ac.,  recently  pub.  by  McPhun,  of  Glasgow 
reprinted  by  Carters,  of  N.  York,  1853,  8vo. 

"This  is  by  far  the  best  edition  of  this  most  remarkable  work 
that  has  ever  seen  the  light.  He  is  not  worthy  the  name  of  a 
Scot  who  can  be  indifferent  to  tie  story  of  these  illustrious  cham 
pions." — Lon.  Evangel.  Mag. 

These  should  accompany  this  valuable  work — The  Las 
Words  and  Dying  Testimonies  of  the  Scottish  Worthies 
also  pub.  by  McPhun.  2.  Lects.  and  Serms.  by  Scottish 
Divines.  3-7.  Theolog.  treatises.  See  Memoir  of  Howie 
prefixed  to  the  last  edit,  of  Scots  Worthies. 

Howison,  James,  M.D.  1.  Dictionary  of  the  Malay 
Tongue,  Lon.,  1801,  4to ;  1805,  4to.  2.  Con.  to  Annals  of 
Med.,  1797.  3.  Elastic  Gum  Vine  of  Prince  of  Wales 
Island  ;  Nic.  Jour.,  1800. 

Howison,  John,  of  the  E.  I.  Co.'s  Service.  1.  Eu 
ropean  Colonies,  2  rols.  8vo.  2.  Sketches  of  Uppe: 
Canada,  Edin.,  1821,  8vo  ;  2d  ed.,  1822 ;  3d  ed.,  1825,  8vo 
Mr.  H.  passed  two  years  and  a  half  in  Upper  Canada. 

"By  far  the  best  book  which  has  ever  been  written  hy  any  Br; 
tish  traveller  on  the  subject  of  North  America." — Blackw.  Mag.,  x 
537-545. 


Also  highly  commended  by  the  Edinburgh  Review 
Edinburgh  Magazine ;  Monthly  Magazine ;  New  Monthly 
Magazine ;  British  Critic ;  Eclectic  Review ;  Literary  Ga 
zette;  Literary  Chronicle;  Scotsman;  Examiner;  Monthl; 
Review,  Ac. 

"  In  describing  the  Falls  of  Niagara,  he  has  out-Heroded  Heroc 
and  beaten  Bombastts  Furioso  out  of  the  field." — Lon.  Month.  Rev 

"  It  is  rich  in  valuable  information  to  emigrants,  and  is.  more 
over,  highly  descriptive  of  scenery  and  manners.     The  part  rels 
tive  to  the  United  States  is  superficial." — Stevenson's  Voyages  an 
Travels. 


HOW 

3.  Foreign  Scenes  and  Travelling  Recreations ;  2d  ed., 
2  vols.  p.  8vo. 

"  A  book  which,  being  once  taken  up.  it  is  really  difficult  to  put 
down  again  without  perusing  thoroughly."— Lon.  News  of  Litera 
ture  and  Fashion. 

4.  Tales  of  the  Colonies,  2  vols.  p.  8vo. 

"  A  series  of  interesting  Tales  worthy  of  the  clever  author."— 
Lon.  Lit.  Gazette. 

See  Blackw.  Mag.,  x.  545. 

Howison,  Robert  R.,  b.  1820,  in  Fredericksburg, 
Virginia,  has  practised  law  at  Richmond,  Va,,  since  1845. 
1.  A  Hist,  qf  Virginia  from  its  Discovery  and  Settlement 
o  1847,  2  vols.  8vo :    vol.  i.,  Phila.,  1846 ;    vol.  ii.,  Rich 
mond,  1848.     2.  Lives  of  Generals  Morgan,  Marion,  and 
Gates;  pub.  in  1847,  in  the  work  entitled  Washington  and 
tie   Generals   of    the   American    Revolution,  edited    by 
lufus  Wilmot  Griswold,  D.D.,  q.  v.,  p.  745,  No.  9. 

Howison,  William.    An  Investigation  of  the  Prin- 
iples  and  Credit  of  the  Circulation  of  Paper  Money  or 
Bank  Notes  in  Great  Britain,  Lon.,  1803,  8vo. 

Howison,  William,  the  brother  of  John  Howison, 
_s  been  so  graphically  described  by  Sir  Walter  Scott — 
o  whom  he  introduced  himself  when  fifteen,  by  his  Ballad 
f  Polydore — in  his  letter  to  Joanna  Baillie,  July  11, 
823,  that  we  need  only  refer  the  reader  to  this  epistle. 
Jolydore,  originally  pub.  by  Sir  Walter  in  the  Edinburgh 
Annual  Register  for  1810,  will  be  found  in  Joanna  Baillie's 
Poetical  Miscellanies,  1823.  1.  Fragments  and  Fictions, 
Pub.  under  the  name  of  M.  de  Peudemots.  See  Black- 
wood's  Mag.,  x.  345.  2.  An  Essay  on  the  Sentiments  of 
Attraction,  Adaptation,  and  Vanity.  To  which  are  added 
A  Key  to  the  Mythology  of  the  Ancients,  and  Europe's 
ikeness'to  the  Human  Spirit,  Edin.,  1821, 12mo. 
"  From  its  extreme  abstracted  doctrines,  more  difficult  to  com 
prehend  than  any  I  ever  opened  in  my  life."— SIR  WALTER  SCOTT  : 
ibi  supra. 

See  Blackw.  Mag.,  ix.  393-399;  x.  545;  xi.  308-316. 
3.  A  Grammar  of  Infinite  Forms;  or,  the  Mathematical 
Elements  of  Ancient  Philosophy  and  Mythology,  1823, 
12mo.     4.  The  Conquest  of  Twelve  Tribes.     See  Blackw. 
Mag.,  xlvi.  694.     See  also  Lockhart's  Life  of  Scott. 

Howitt,  Anna  Mary,  an  artist,  is  the  daughter  of 
William  and  Mary  Howitt,  and  inherits  the  literary  talent 
of  her  parents.  1.  An  Art-Student  in  Munich,  Lon.,  1853, 
2  vols.  p.  8vo. 

"There  is  enough  in  these  volumes  to  warrant  our  conviction 
that,  if  it  please  their  authoress,  she  may  hereafter  do  good  ser 
vice  to  Art  with  the  pen  no  less  than  with  the  pencil : — supposing, 
always,  that  Time  shall  balance,  not  deaden,  her  enthusiasm." — 
Lon.  AthencBum,  1853,  584-585,  q.  v. 

2.  The  School  of  Life,  first  pub.  in  the  London  Illustrated 
Magazine  of  Art,  vol.  ii.,  July  to  Dec.  1853;  by  Ticknor  A 
Fields,  Bost.,  1855, 16mo.  Repub.,  Lon.,  1856.  This  work, 
which  records  the  experience  of  artist  life,  has  been  highly 
commended. 

Howitt,  Ema.  Letters  during  a  Tour  through  the 
United  States,  Nottingham,  circa  1820,  12mo. 

Howitt,  Mary,  a  daughter  of  Mr.  Botham,  of 
Uttoxeter,  a  member  of  the  Society  of  Friends,  was  mar 
ried  to  William  Howitt,  a  congenial  spirit,  in  1821.  The 
lives  of  both  have  been  so  well  told  in  a  publication 
just  issued,  and  accessible  to  all,  (Men  of  the  Time,  Lon., 
1856,)  that  it  will  be  unnecessary  to  repeat  what  we  should 
be  unable  to  improve.  Moreover,  the  plan  of  our  work 
is  better  answered  by  a  list  of  their  publications,  with 
some  critical  notices  of  their  characteristics  as  writers, — 
which  citations  of  opinions  we  are  obliged  to  restrict 
within  very  narrow  limits. 

In  1823  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Howitt  gave  to  the  world  their 
first  publication, — The  Forest  Minstrel,  which  was  suc 
ceeded  in  1827  by  The  Desolation  of  Eyam,  and  other 
Poems.  To  these  joint  productions  may  be  added,  The 
Book  of  the  Seasons,  first  pub.  in  1831,  and  The  Litera 
ture  and  Romance  of  Northern  Europe,  issued  in  1852, 
and  Stories  of  English  Life,  in  Bohn's  Illustrated  Library, 
1853.  The  following  alphabetical  catalogue — compiled 
with  considerable  labour,  and,  we  trust,  nearly  if  not  quite 
complete — of  Mary  Howitt's  separate  publications  evinces 
no  ordinary  amount  of  literary  industry.  1.  Alice  Frank 
lin,  1843,  18mo.  2.  Ballads  and  other  Poems,  1847,  p.  8vo. 
3.  Birds  and  Flowers,  and  other  Country  Things,  1848, 
12mo.  4.  Do.,  Second  Series,  1855,  sq.  5.  Children's 
Year,  1847,  16mo.  6.  Dial  of  Love,  1852,  12mo.  7.  Heir 
of  Wast  Wayland,  1851, 12mo.  8.  Hope  on  !  Hope  ever! 
3d  ed.,  1844,  18mo.  9.  Hymns  and  Fireside  Verses,  1839, 
fp.  8vo.  New  ed.  of  Fireside  Verses,  1844,  4to ;  again, 
1852,  16mo.  10.  Illustrated  Library  for  the  Young, 
1855 :  1st  Series,  4to ;  2d  Series,  4to.  Also  both 
series  in  1  vol.  4to.  Pub.  in  monthly  nos.  11.  Little 


Coin,  Much    Care,  1842,  18mo.      12.  Lives  of    British 


905 


HOW 


HOW 


Queens  ;  or,  The  Royal  Book  of  Beauty  ;  Illustrated  with  I 
Biog.  and  Hist.  Memoirs  by  Mary  Howitt  and  the  Countess  ; 
of  Blessington,  1851,  r.  8vo.     13.  Love  and  Money,  1843,  i 
18mo.     14.  Mary  Leeson,  1848,  18mo.     15.  Midsummer  | 
Flowers,  1853,  fp.  8vo.      16.  My  own  Story,  1844,  ISmo. 
17.  My  Uncle  the  Clockmaker,  1844,  ISrno.     18.  No  Sense 
like  Common  Sense,  1843, 18mo.    19.  Our  Cousins  in  Ohio; 
new  ed.,  1849,  sq.     20.  Picture  Book  for  the  Young,  1854, 
4to.     21.  Seven  Temptations,  1834,  12mo.      22.  Sketches 
of  Natural  History,  sq.;  6th  ed.,  1846;  7th  ed.,  1851;  8th  i 
ed.,  1853.      23.  Sowing  and  Heaping,  1840,   18nao.     24. 
Strive  and  Thrive,  1839,  18mo.     25.  Tales  in  Prose,  sq. ; 
new  ed.,  1841.     26.  Tales  in  Verse,  sq. ;    new  ed.,  1846;  : 
again,  1854.     27.  The  Stedfast  Gabriel,  1850,  18mo.     28.  | 
The   Two  Apprentices,  1844,  ISmo.      29.  Which  is  the 
Wiser?  3d  ed.,  1844, 18mo.     30.  Who  shall  be  Greatest?  | 
1841,  18mo.     31.  Wood  Leighton,  1836,  3  vols.  p.  8vo. 
32.  Work  and  Wages,  1842, 18mo. 

TRANSLATIONS  INTO  ENGLISH  FROM  THE  SWEPISH  OP 
FREDERIKA  BREMER.  33.  Brothers  and  Sisters;  a  Tale 
of  Domestic  Life,  1848,  3  vols.  p.  8vo.  34.  Easter  Offer 
ing,  1850,  12mo.  35.  H Family,  1844,  2  vols.  p.  8ro. 

New  ed.,  1853,  in  vol.  iv.  of  Miss  Bremer's  Works.  36. 
Hertha,  1856.  37.  Home;  or,  Family  Cares  and-  Family 
Joys,  1843,  2  vols.  p.  8vo.  New  ed.,  1853,  being  vol.  iii. 
of  Miss  Bremer's  Works.  38.  Homes  of  the  New  World; 
Impressions  of  America,  1853,  3  vols.  p.  8vo.  39.  Mid 
night  Sun,  1849,  p.  8vo.  40.  New  Sketches  of  Every-Day 
Life— A  Diary;  together  with  Strife  and  Peace,  1843,  2 
vols.  p.  8vo.  New  ed.  in  vol.  iv.  of  Miss  Bremer's  Works. 
41.  President's  Daughters,  including  Nina,  1843,  3  vols.  p. 
8vo.  New  ed.,  1852,  p.  8vo.  42.  The  Neighbours;  a  Story 
of  Every-Day  Life;  3d  ed.,  1843,  2  vols.  p.  8vo;  4th  ed., 
1852,  12ino. 

FROM  THE  DANISH  OF  HANS  CHRISTIAN  ANDERSEN.  43. 
Only  a  Fiddle !  and  0.  T. ;  or,  Life  in  Denmark,  1845,  3  vols. 
p.  8vo.  44.  The  Improvisatore,  1847,  12mo;  1849,  12mo. 
45.  The  True  Story  of  My  Life,  1847,  12mo.  46.  Wonder 
ful  Stories  for  Children,  sq.,  1846.  New  ed.,  1848. 

ALSO  FROM  THE  DANISH.  47.  Jacob  Bendixen,  the  Jew, 
1851,  3  vols.  p.  8vo. 

FROM  THE  GERMAN.  48.  Child's  Picture  and  Verse- 
Book,  commonly  called  Otto  Speckter's  Fable-Book,  with 
French  and  German  on  corresponding  pages;  illustrated 
with  100  Engravings  on  Wood  by  G.  F.  Sargent,  sq. ;  2d 
ed.,  1844;  3d  ed.,  1845.  The  popularity  of  this  work, 
from  Poland  to  France,  with  the  younger  members  of  the 
household,  is  well  known.  A  celebrated  German  review 
remarks  of  it: 

"  Of  this  production,  which  makes  itself  an  epoch  in  the  world 
of  children,  it  is  superfluous  to  speak.  The  Fable- Book  is  through 
out  all  Germany  in  the  hands  of  parents  and  children,  and  will 
always  be  new,  because  every  year  fresh  children  are  horn." 

49.  Citizen  of  Prague;  2d  ed.,  1846,  3  vols.  p.  8vo.  50. 
The  Peasant  and  his  Landlord,  by  Baroness  Knorring, 
1848,  2  vols.  8vo. 

The  above  register  affords  a  tolerable  proof  that  Mary 
Howitt  has  not  "  eaten  the  bread  of  idleness ;"  but,  if  to 
these  volumes — many  of  them  exhibiting  evidences  of  no 
little  toil — we  add  her  contributions  for  the  last  thirty  years 
to  the  periodicals  of  the  day, — to  The  Amulet,  The  Literary 
Souvenir,  The  Drawing  Room  Scrap-Book,  (of  which  she 
was  for  three  years  the  editor,)  The  People's  Journal,  Ac., 
— we  shall  have  an  aggregate  of  printed  matter  which  few 
authors  of  the  day  can  equal.  But  unfortunately  the  mere 
fact  of  voluminousness  does  not  always  imply  either  merit 
on  the  part  of  the  author  or  advantage  on  that  of  the 
public.  The  great  question  is  not  as  to  quantity,  but  as 
to  quality.  By  many  writers  we  should  have  been  bene 
fited  more  had  they  written  less ;  and  of  many  it  is  to  be 
regretted  that  they  ever  wrote  at  all.  But  if  of  any  we 
can  justly  say,— This  pen  has  ever  been  employed  in  the 
advocacy  of  the  true,  the  beautiful,  and  the  good;  the  alle 
viation  of  human  suffering,  and  the  cure  of  social  disor 
ders;  the  education  of  the  mind,  and  the  improvement  of 
the  heart;  the  cultivation  of  home-duties  and  home-affec 
tions,  and  the  development  of  fraternal  unity  in  the  great 
brotherhood  of  man;— surely  of  such  it  shall  be  said,  Here 
is  one  worthy  of  honour,  of  love,  and  of  praise  ;— and  such 
is  Mary  Howitt !  When  we  return  from  the  pleasing  con 
templation  of  the  moralist,  to  consider  the  literary  merits 
of  an  instrumentality  which  has  been  so  widely  produc 
tive  of  beneficial  results,  we  are  conscious  that  the  theme 
has  been  anticipated — not  to  say  exhausted.  Mrs.  Howitt's 
position,  whether  we  consider  her  as  a  poetess,  a  novelist, 
an  essayist,  or  as  an  instructor  of  the  youthful  mind,  is  too 
Well  determined,  too  generally  acknowledged,  to  require 


any  championship  at  our  hands.  Yet  we  are  not  willing 
to  conclude  this  article  without  the  adduction  of  at  least  a 
few  tributes  to  the  merits  of  one  whose  happiness  it  is  to 
number  as  many  friends  as  she  has  readers,  and  to  have 
as  few  enemies  as  she  has  written  worthless  books. 

"There  can  be  no  surer  proof  of  the  genuineness  of  the  poetical 
power  possessed  by  Mary  Howitt,  than  the  fact  that  her  finer  pieces 
ever  recur  again  and  again  to  the  memories  of  all  imaginative 
readers.  This  can  be  only  owing  to  their  feminine  tenderness, 
their  earnest  tone,  their  gentle  music,  and  their  simple  but  genuine 
nature."— Moir's  Sketches  of  the  Poet.  Lit.  of  the  Past  Half- Century. 
"  Mary  Howitt  has  shown  herself  mistress  of  every  string  of  the 
minstrel  lyre,  save  that  which  sounds  of  broil  and  bloodshed. 
There  is  more  of  the  old  ballad  simplicity  in  her  compositions  than 
can  be  found  in  the  strains  of  any  living  poet  besides ;  her  lan 
guage  is  vigorous,  but  not  swelling;  and  always  subordinate  to 
the  sentiments,  whether  of  tenderness  or  of  love." — Allan  Cun 
ningham's  Biog.  and  Crit.  Hist,  of  the  Lit.  of  the  Last  Fifty  Years. 
"  Her  poems  are  always  graceful  and  beautiful,  and  often  vigor 
ous,  but  they  are  essentially  feminine:  they  afford  evidences  of  a 
kindly  and  generous  nature,  as  well  as  of  a  fertile  imagination  and 
a  safely-cultivated  mind."— MRS.  HALL. 

"Her  language  is  chaste  and  simple,  her  feelings  tender  and 
pure,  and  her  observation  of  nature  accurate  and  intense." — 
CHRISTOPHER  NORTH  :  Noctes  Ambrosiana  ;  Blackw.  Mag.,  xxiv. &io. 
"Sweet  Mary  Howitt!  her  name  brings  a  magic  with  it,  let  us 
see  it  when  and  where  we  will !  It  is  one  crowded  with  pleasant 
associations;  telling  of  wisdom  learned  by  the  wayside  and  under 
the  hedgerows ;  breathing  perfumes — not  the  perfumes  of  balls  and 
routs,  but — of  violets  and  wild  flowers;  leading  the  mind  to  pure 
and  pleasant  thoughtfulness." — New  Monthly  Magazine. 

See  also  Blackwood's  Mag.,  xxiv.  674;  xxix.  699-701; 
xxxvii.  643-650;  Eclec.  Rev.,  4th  Ser.,  xvi.  556. 

"  Mary  Howitt,  the  poetess  alike  of  the  Fireside  and  of  the  Field, 
and  perhaps  the  most  popular  of  all  our  female  writers,  takes  a 
rank  second  to  none  among  the  fair  poets  of  our  country. .  .  .  Not 
content  with  showing  that  she  possesses  noble  powers,  Mrs.  Howitt 
exhibits  the  rare  ambition  of  using  her  gifts  nobly ;  and  with  an 
earnest  eloquence,  which  often  reaches  sublimity,  she  proclaims 
herself  the  poet  of  the  Young,  and  the  Humble,  and  the  Poor. 
Her  sympathies  with  all  classes  are  strong ; 

1  All  tears 

Which  human  sorrow  sheds  are  dear  to  her ;' 
but  with  these  classes  they  are  overpowering.  ...  In  summing  up 
my  imperfect  estimate  of  Mary  Howitt,  I  would  say  that  no  Fe 
male  Poet  in  our  literature  surpasses  her,  and  that  but  few  equal 
her.  As  a  versifier,  as  a  moralist,  and  as  a  philosopher,  she  may 
safely  challenge  comparison  with  any  writer  of  her  own  sex,  and 
with  most  of  the  writers  of  the  other  sex;  whilst  as  regards  grace, 
pathos,  womanly  sentiment,  and  Christian  sympathy,  she  has 
scarcely  a  '  rival  near  her  throne.'  I  believe  that  her  writings  have 
done  more  to  elevate  our  ideas  of  woman's  intellectual  character 
than  all  the  treatises  on  that  subject  in  our  language." — Howton's 
Female  Poets  of  Great  Britain. 

Howitt,  Richard,  brother  of  William  and  Mary 
Howitt,  settled  for  four  years  as  a  physician  at  Melbourne, 
Australia,  has  given  us  the  results  of  his  observations  in 
his  work  entitled  (1.)  Impressions  of  Australia  Felix,  during 
Four  Years'  Residence  in  that  Colony  :  Australian  Poems, 
Ac.,  Lon.,  1845,  12mo;  1847,  12mo. 

"  The  Impressions  make  up  an  amusing  volume :  one,  too,  which, 
taken  cum  grano,  may  be  useful." — Lon.  Athenamm. 

"  The  details  are  amusing  and  intelligent,  the  remarks  are  sen 
sible  and  philosophic,  and  we  have,  as  it  were,  gossiped  through 
the  whole  of  nearly  four  hundred  pages,  with  the  reverse  of  lassi 
tude  or  discontent." — Lon.  Lit.  Gazette. 

"  He  possessed  many  facilities  for  acquiring  information  which 
were  not  accessible  to  the  ordinary  traveller,  and  he  has  not  failed 
to  make  the  most  of  them." — Men  of  the  Time,  Lon.,  1856. 

Mr.  Howitt  has  also  given  to  the  world  (2.)  Antediluvian 
Sketches,  and  other  Poems,  1830,  12mo,  pp.  148. 

"  Richard,  too,  has  a  true  poetical  feeling,  and  no  small  poetical 
power.  His  unpretending  volume  of  verses  well  deserves  a  place 
in  the  library  along  with  those  of  his  enlightened  relatives;  for 
he  loves  nature  truly  as  they  do,  and  nature  has  returned  his 
affection."— CHRISTOPHER  NORTH  :  Nodes  Ambrosiance  ;  Blackwood's 
Magazine,  xxix.  700. 

"  It  is  one  of  the  few  books  of  this  sort  that  fully  answers  the 
title  of  Poems: — IT  is  POETRY." — Friends'  Magazine,  Oct.  1830. 
"  There  is  a  great  deal  of  poetical  and  also  of  good  kindly  feeling 

in  this  little  volume It  is  a  rare  thing  to  see  a  whole  family  so 

gifted  as  the  family  of  Howitt:  truly  their  union  must  be  a  '  mu 
sical  meeting.'  "—Lon.  Lit.  Gazette,  Sept.  11,  1830. 

3.  The  Gipsy  King,  and  other  Poems,  1841;  2d  ed.,  1846, 
fp.  8vo.  Illustrated  with  eight  wood  engravings  by  Wil- 


"  Full  of  genuine  pictures  of  nature." — LEIGH  HUNT. 

<;  Richard  Howitt  is  worthy  of  his  relationship  to  his  celebrated 
brother  and  sister,  William  and  Mary  Howitt."— ion.  New  MonUdy 
Magazine. 

See  Lon.  Athenaeum,  1841,  85. 

Several  other  references  to  the  Howitt  family  (by  the 
illustrious  Christopher  North)  will  be  found  in  Blackwood's 
Mag.,  xxiv.  674;  xxix.  699. 

Howitt,  Samuel.  1.  50  Etchings  of  Animals,  1803  or 
1804,  4to.  2.  Field  Sports,  1807,  fol.  3.  New  Work  of 
Animals,  1811,  4to.  4.  Miscellaneous  Etchings,  1812. 
5.  British  Sportsman,  1812,  4to.  6.  Foreign  Field  Sports, 
1814.  7.  The  British  Preserve,  r.  4to;  new  ed.,  1840,  r. 
8vo;  1844;  1847. 


HOW 


HOW 


Howitt,  William,  b.  1795,  at  Heanor,  in  Derby 
shire,  the  husband  and  literary  associate  of  Mary  Howitt, 
has  been  already  briefly  noticed  in  our  article  devoted  to 
the  latter,  in  which  the  reader  is  referred  for  further  infor 
mation  to  the  life  of  Mr.  Howitt  in  Men  of  the  Time,  Lon., 
1856.  The  following  alphabetical  list  of  the  works  of  this 
popular  author  includes  all  of  which  we  can  find  any  ac 
count:  1.  A  Word  to  Dissenters,  1839.  2.  Aristocracy  of 
England  ;  a  History  for  the  People,  by  John  Hampden,  Jr., 

1846,  12mo;  2d  ed.,  1846,  12ino ;  also,  3d  ed.     3.  Book  of 
the  Seasons;  or,  A  Calendar  of  Nature,  1831,  12mo;  7th 
ed.,  1846,  12ino;   8th   ed.,   1848,   12mo:   in   conjunction 
with  Mary  Howitt. 

"SHEPHERD:  '  But  what  is  this  Byeuck  of  the  Seasons?'  NORTH: 
'  In  it  the  Hewitts  have  wished  to  present  us  with  all  their  poetic 
and  picturesque  features, — a  Calendar  of  Nature,  comprehensive 
and  complete  iu  itself, — which,  ou  being  taken  up  hy  the  lover  of 
nature  at  the  opening  of  each  month,  should  lay  before  him  in 
prospect  all  the  objects  and  appearances  which  the  month  would 
present,  in  the  garden,  in  the  field,  and  the  waters;  yet  confining 
itself  solely  to  those  objects.  Such,  in  their  own  words,  is  said  to 
be  their  aim.'  SHEPHERD  :  '  And  nae  insignificant  aim  either,  sir. 
Hae  they  bit  it?'  NORTH:  'They  have.'"— Noctes  Ambrosiance: 
Blaclcw.  Mag.,  xxix.  700. 

See  also  Westminster  Review,  xiv.  456.  4.  Boy's  Ad 
ventures  in  the  Wilds  of  Australia;  or,  Herbert's  Note- 
Book,  1854,  fp.  8vo.  New  ed.,  1855,  12mo. 

"  All  the  boys  in  England,  whether  '  old  boys'  or  young  ones, 
•will  rejoice  in  this  fascinating  hook,  full  of  anecdote  and  wild  ad 
venture  :  sober  as  we  are,  and  little  given  to  roam,  it  has  inspired 
us  with  a  strong  desire  to  take  a  journey  in  the  Bush,  if  we  could 
see  the  end  of  it."— Lon.  Athenaeum,  1854,  p.  1556. 

5.  Boy's  Country-Book  of  Amusements,  12mo ;  new  ed., 

1847.  Also,  3d  ed. 

"A  capital  work;  and,  we  are  inclined  to  think,  Howitt's  best 
in  any  line." — Lon.  Quar.  Rev. 

"  One  of  the  most  fascinating  fictions  for  young  and  old  that 
has  ever  graced  our  literature." — Lon.  Monthly  Chronicle. 

6.  Colonization  and  Christianity;  a  History  of  the  Treat 
ment  of  Aboriginals  by  European  Nations  in  all  their  Colo 
nies,  1838,  p.  8vo.     The  publication  of  this  work  led  to  the 
formation  of  the  British  India  Society,  and  to  some  im 
provements  in  the  management  of  the  colonies  of  Great 
Britain. 

"  Never  has  any  other  author  discussed  this  subject  so  plainly 
and  so  philosophically." — Lon.  Monthly  Review. 

"We  have  no  hesitation  in  pronouncing  this  the  most  important 
and  valuable  work  that  Mr.  Howitt  has  produced." — Taifs  Mag. 

But  see  Athenaeum,  1838,  644-645.  7.  Country  Year- 
Book;  or,  The  Field,  The  Forest,  and  The  Fireside,  p.  8vo. 
8.  Desolation  of  Eyam,  [founded  on  the  pathetic  narrative 
of  the  Rev.  Win.  Mompesson,]  and  other  Poems,  1827, 12mo : 
in  conjunction  with  Mary  Howitt.  9.  Forest  Minstrel, 
1823,  12mo:  in  conjunction  with  Mary  Howitt.  This 
vol.  is  composed  of  selections  from  the  fugitive  poetry  of 
the  authors.  See  HOWITT,  MARY.  10.  German  Expe 
rience  Addressed  to  the  English,  1844,  p.  8vo;  1847,  p. 
8vo.  See  Eclec.  Rev.,  4th  Ser.,  xvi.  556.  11.  Hall  and 
the  Hamlet,  1847,  2  vols.  p.  8vo ;  1848,  2  vols.  p.  8vo;  1852, 
2  vols.  p.  8vo. 

"Here  are  two  entertaining  volumes  by  Mr.  Howitt: — having 
the  raciness  and  value  of  characteristic  nationality,  and  in  many 
passages  the  grace  of  eloquent  and  picturesque  description." — 
Lon.  Athenaeum,  1847,  p.  1319. 

12.  History  of  England.  This  work  is  at  the  present 
time  (1856)  in  course  of  publication.  It  is  pub.  in  num 
bers  to  the  amount  of  100,000  weekly.  It  will  probably 
employ  Mr.  Howitt  for  several  years  to  come.  13.  History 
of  Priestcraft,  1834,  12mo;  7th  ed.,  1845,  12mo;  8th  ed., 
1846,  12mo.  More  than  20,000  copies  sold  to  1852.  14. 
Homes  and  Haunts  of  the  most  Eminent  British  Poets 
Illustrated,  1847,  2  vols.  8vo;  1849,  2  vols.  8vo;  1850,  2 
vols.  8vo ;  1852,  2  vols.  8vo.  The  author  is  at  the  present 
moment  (Nov.  1856)  preparing  a  new  and  still  more  com 
plete  edit,  of  this  work,  which  will  be  enriched  with  much 
new  matter. 

"Every  reader  turns  with  pleasure  to  those  passages  of  Horace, 
Pope,  and  Boileau,  which  describe  how  they  lived  and  where  they 
dwelt." — SAMUEL  ROGERS. 

Mr.  Howitt's  motto  on  the  title-page  of  this  work  is  very 
happily  selected: 

"An  indissoluble  sign  of  their  existence  has  stamped  itself  on 
the  abodes  of  all  distinguished  men,  a  sign  which  places  all  kin 
dred  spirits  in  communion  with  them." — The  Citizen  of  Prague. 

This  work  was  commended  by  The  Examiner,  The  At 
las,  &c.,  and  received  very  faint  commendation  from  the 
Literary  Gazette ;  but  the  Athenaeum  was  much  less  lenient, 


-styling  the  work 
"Two  goss 


Two  gossiping  volumes,  not  very  subtle  or  sound  in  their  cri 
ticisms,  nor  very  novel  in  design  and  treatment.  They  are  ex 
tremely  inaccurate  in  parts;  with  very  little  in  them  derived  from 
books,  and  that  little  of  the  commonest  kind.  There  is  a  : 
sprinkling  of  conceit  throughout,  and  there  are  some  good  pas 
sages  derived  from  personal  observation,"  &c.— 1847, 38-41 ;  66-66. 


At  this  critique  Mr.  Howitt  felt  himself  greatly  aggrieved, 
and  so  expressed  himself,  whereupon  the  reviewer  returned 
to  the  attack  with  renewed  ardour,  (see  Athenaeum,  1847, 
147-149.)  Other  notices  of  the  work  will  be  found  on  pp. 
96,  (a  melancholy  instance  of  bad  temper  and  injustice 
by  a  correspondent  of  the  journal,)  125, 151, 173,  200,  201, 
1175. 

"  Mr.  Howitt  has  indeed  done  something  to  mark  localities  and 
houses;  but  for  the  full  knowledge  and  intelligent  criticism  that 
would  surround  these  landmarks  with  clusters  of  associations, 
making  bare  walls  eloquent  and  giving  speech  to  all  the  neighbour 
ing  objects,  we  look  in  vain.  The  Homes  and  Haunts,  instead  of 
being  original  essays,  are,  in  fact,  nothing  more  than  a  collection 
of  brief  and  prosaic  biographies,  made  up  in  general  from  well- 
known  sources,  and  tediously  full  of  anecdotes." — The.  Britannia. 

See  also  Fraser's  Mag.,  xxxv.  210;  Amer.  Whig  Rev., 
vi.  516. 

15.  Land,  Labour,  and  Gold;  or,  Two  Years  in  Victoria, 
with  Visits  to  Sydney  and  Van  Diemen's  Land,  1855,  2 
yols.  p.  8vo. 

"  When  our  author  is  content  with  description,  we  follow  his 
lead  with  pleasure;  when  he  generalizes,  we  lose  our  confidence, 
if  not  our  pleasure.  His  strength  lies  in  a  fresh  and  hearty  ap 
preciation  of  nature,  of  costume,  and  of  character.  What  he  sees 
clearly  he  can  present  clearly  to  the  eye.  His  book  consists  of  a 
series  of  excellent  sun-pictures,  in  which  we  see  the  very  form  and 
pressure  of  Australian  life."— Lon.  Athenaeum,  1855,  668-670. 

16.  Life  and  Adventures  of  Jack  of  the  Mill,  1844,  2 
vols.  fp.  8vo;  1845,  2  vols.  fp.  8vo;  1849,  2  vols.  fp.  8vo. 

"  Mr.  Howitt  possesses  the  happy  knack  of  accommodating  him 
self  to  the  youthful  mind;  and  there  can  be  no  question  that  his 
Jack  of  the  Mill  will  become  a  favourite." — Lon.  Observer. 

See  also  Britannia;  Athenaeum,  <fec. 

17.  Literature  and  Romance  of  Northern  Europe,  1852, 
2  vols.  p.  8vo :  in   conjunction  with  Mary  Howitt.     This 
erudite  work,  the  only  complete  one  of  the  kind  in  the 
English  language,  will  be  more  and  more  prized  in  pro 
portion  as  the  taste  for  Scandinavian  literature  becomes 
generally  diffused  among  scholars  in  Great  Britain  and 
the  United  States.     It  is  an  excellent  guide  to  the  litera 
ture  of  Sweden,  Denmark,  Norway,   and   Iceland,  with 
copious   specimens  of  the   histories,  romances,  legends, 
dramas,  ballads,  <fec.  of  those  countries.    See  Lon.  Athen 
aeum,  1852,  400-402. 

18.  Madam  Dorrington  of  the  Dene,  1851,  3  vols.  8vo. 
19.  Pantika;  or,  Traditions  of  Ancient  Times,  1835,  2  vols. 
8vo.      20.  Rural  and  Domestic  Life  of  Germany ;    with 
Characteristic  Sketches  of  its  Chief  Cities  and  Scenery 
collected  in  a  general  Tour,  and  during  a  Residence  in 
that  Country  in  the  Years  1840-42,  1842,  med.  8vo.  With 
above  50  illustrations.      This  vol.  is  commended,  on  tho 
whole,  by  the  Athenaeum ;  but  it  is  objected  that 

",  Mr.  Howitt  is  too  fond  of  stating  impressions  as  general  truths. 
Neither  can  we  recommend  the  reader  to  place  much  reliance  on 
his  judgment  in  art,  or  his  sweeping  sketches  of  literature  and 
opinion."— 1842,  1030-1033,  1060-1062. 

"  A  volume  which  will  add  to  William  Howitt's  literary  reputa 
tion,  and  be  read  with  delight  by  thousands  of  bis  countrymen, 
as  being  the  first  faithful  and  comprehensive  account  of  a  people 
to  whom  they  are  allied  by  a  kindred  language  and  kindred  dis 
positions.  The  engraved  illustrations  are  perfect  gems  of  art."— 
Lon.  Atlas. 

"  We  think  this  work  the  most  interesting  of  any  thing  •William 
Howitt  has  done.  It  possesses  all  his  well-known  excellencies, 
and  derives  from  its  subject  the  attraction  of  both  novelty  and 
knowledge." — Lon.  Spectator. 

Some  brief  extracts  from  German  opinions  of  this  work 
will  not  be  out  of  place  : 

"This  author,  who  has  become  so  celebrated  and  appreciated 
from  many  of  his  works,  has  given  us,  in  the  above  volume,  an 
extremely  interesting  and  characteristic  description  of  Life  in 
Germany,  as  well  as  an  accurate  account  of  the  manners  and 
customs  of  this  country." — JiigeVs  Universal  Magazine. 

"Howitt,  a  man  of  mature  years,  with  all  the  youthful  fire  of 
poetry  and  humanity, — every  inch  an  Englishman, — gives  us  here 
a  most  original  work  on  Germany.  He  treats  us  and  our  affairs 
with  such  an  earnestness  of  conviction,  such  a  love  of  impar 
tiality,  such  an  amiable  candour,  that  we  cannot  censure  him, 
but  must  respect  what  he  says." — Allgemeine  Zeitung.  Feb.  5. 
1843. 

"  We  return  our  hearty  thanks  to  Howitt,  whose  work  we  have 
so  often  quoted,  for  the  extraordinary  accuracy,  freedom,  and 
nobility  of  spirit  with  which  he  has  set  himself  to  describe  the 
life,  character,  and  circumstances  of  our  country." — Kolnische 
Zeitung,  March,  1843. 

21.  Rural  Life  of  England,  1837,  2  vols.  p.  8vo;  1838, 
2  vols.  p.  8vo;  1844,  med.  8vo. 

"One  of  the  most  beautiful,  vigorous,  fresh,  and  spirited  of  Mr. 
Howitt's  productions.  It  is  written  with  good  sense  and  good 
feeling." — Court  Journal. 

"Admirable,  and  to  English  readers  indispensable,  volumes; 
not  merely  a  charming,  but  an  ennobling  work." — Lon.  Atlas. 

"There  is  much  that  is  pleasant  and  interesting  in  these 
volumes;  but,  as  a  whole,  they  have  been  over-elaborated." — 
Lon.  Athencmm,  1838,  63-64. 

"  I  should  have  been  glad  to  have  taken  further  note  of  the 
landscape  of  Theocritus,  on  which  Mr.  Howitt  dwells  with  just 
delight.  Other  parts  of  the  book  will  be  found  very  suggestive 


HOW 

and  helpful  to  the  reader  who  cares  to  pursue  the  subject."— 
liOBKiN :  Mod.  Painters,  TO!,  iii.  App.,  p.  347. 

See  also  Eclec.  Rev.,  4th  Ser.,  iv.  410. 

22.  Stories  of  English  Life ;  Bohn's  Illustrated  Lib., 
vol.  xxi.,  1853,  p.  8vo  :  in  conjunction  with  Mary  Howitt. 


HOY 

In  the  last  quarter  of  a  century  (few  authors  have  been 
able  so  long  to  command  the  undiminished  interest  of  a 
novelty-loving  public)  many  kind  things  have  been  said 
of  William  and  Mary  Howitt;  but  we  doubt  if  any 
tribute  is  more  highly  prized  than  that  of  Christopher 


23.  Visits  to  Remarkable  Places ;  Old  Halls,  Battle-Fields,  j  North,  recorded  hTthe  56th  Number  of  Noctes  Ambro- 
and  Scenery  illustrative  of  Striking  Passages  of  English  j  sianse)  April,   1831:     see   Blackwood's  Magazine,  xxix 

History  and  Poetry.    1st  Series,  1839,  8vo ;  2d  ed.,  1840,     «      -       -*—   •*«•         itsaBna    __    _   a»*  *-,= 

med.  8vo.  2d  Series,  1841,  med.  8vo.  Both  series  seve 
ral  times  reprinted.  Mr.  Howitt  intends  to  add  several 
more  vols.  to  the  above,  having  copious  materials  on  hand 
yet  unpublished. 

"A  rich  treat  for  all  genuine  lovers  of  literature,  historical  an 
tiquities,  and  natural  scenery :  the  most  delightful  book  which 
the  present  festal  season  has  produced."—  United  Service  Gazette, 
January  1, 1842. 

"  Written  with  the  enthusiasm  of  a  poet  and  the  knowledge 
of  an  antiquary."— ion.  Monthly  Chronicle. 

See  Eclec.  Rev.,  4th  Ser.,  vii.  551 ;  xi.  193  ;  Fraser's 
Mag.,  xxiii.  725;  Athenaeum,  1840,  34-36;  Bost.  Chris. 
Exam.,  xxx.  174.  24.  Year-Book  of  the  Country,  1850, 
p.  8vo;  1852,  p.  8vo. 

TRANSLATIONS  FROM  THE  GERMAN.  25.  Peter  Schlem- 
ihl ;  from  Aldelbert  Von  Chamisso ;  German  and  Eng 
lish,  1843,  16mo.  26.  The  Student-Life  of  Germany  ; 
from  the  unpublished  MSS.  of  Dr.  Cornelius,  1841,  med. 
8vo.  This  work  was  written  for  and  at  the  solicitation 
of  Mr.  Howitt.  It  contains  nearly  forty  of  the  most 
famous  songs  of  the  German  students,  in  German  and 
English,  with  the  original  music,  adapted  to  the  piano 
forte  by  Herr  Winkelmeyer.  This  work  was  sharply 
criticized  in  England;  but  in  Germany  it  has  been  highly 
commended.  Some  of  the  habits  of  some  of  the  German 
students  are  not  the  most  refined  in  the  world ;  but  that 
is  not  Mr.  Howitt's  fault.  See  Eclec.  Rev.,  4th  Ser.,  327  ; 
Athenaeum,  1841,  807;  Atlas;  Examiner;  N.  Amer.  Rev., 
(by  W.  B.  0.  Peabody,)  Ivi.  330 ;  Bost.  Chris.  Exam.,  xxii. 
71;  N.  York  Democratic  Rev.,  x.  238. 

27.  The  Wanderings  of  the  Journeyman  Tailor  through 
Europe  and  the  East,  1824-40 ;  from  the  German  (3d  ed.) 
of  P.  D.  Holthaus,  1844,  fp.  8vo  ;  1849,  fp.  8vo. 

"  Except  The  Bible  in  Spain,  we  have  not  had  so  interesting  a 
wonder-book  for  years." — Lon.  Chris.  Reformer. 

28.  Universal  Hist,  of  Magic ;  from  the  German  of  Dr. 
Joseph  Ennemoser.     To  which  is  added  an  appendix  of 
apparitions,  dreams,   second-sight,    somnambulism,   Ac., 
selected    by  Mary  Howitt.      Bohn's   Scientific   Library, 
vols.  xiii.,  xiv.,  p.  8vo,  1854.     In  this  translation,  made 
whilst  on  his  voyage  to  Australia,  Mr.  Howitt  was  as 
sisted  by  his  eldest  son.     The  character  of  Ennemoser's 
work  is  well  known  to  the  German  scholar.     Mr.  Howitt 
has  long  contemplated  the  publication  of  a  history  of  the 
Life  and  Times  of  George  Fox;  but  whether  it  will  ever 
see  the  light  is  perhaps  doubtful.      In  addition  to  the 
works    above    noticed,  he    is    the  author  of   the    article 
"  Quakers"  in  the  7th  edit  of  the  Encyclopedia  Britan- 
nica,  many  pieces  in  The  Literary  Souvenir,  The  Amulet, 
Ac.,  and,  in  conjunction  with  Mary  Howitt,  edited,  for  the 
three  years  of  its  continuance,  (1847-49,  3  vols.  r.  8vo,) 
Howitt's  Journal,  a  periodical  which  started  with  a  cir 
culation  of  30,000  copies.    It  was  purchased  by  the  owner 
of  the  People's  Journal,  (of  which  Mr.  Howitt  bad  been 
a  co-proprietor  and  manager,)   in  consequence  of  some 
pecuniary  difficulties.     Both  journals  are  now  extinct,  to 
the  great  loss  of  the  intelligent  portion  of  the  middle 
classes  of  Great  Britain. 

We  have  quoted  many  opinions  respecting  Mr.  Howitt's 
merits  and  demerits  as  a  writer,  but  are  obliged  to  with 
hold  many  more  from  want  of  space.  Whilst  we  are  far 
from  deeming  him  infallible,  and  consider  that  in  his 
earnestness  to  enlighten  (as  he  supposes)  the  public  mind 
he  has  at  times  treated  some  most  important  themes  with 
censurable  levity  and  culpable  irreverence,  yet  we  can 
not  coincide  with  the  reproof  that  the  Reformer  should 
not  expose  evils  without  at  the  same  time  providing  for 
their  extirpation.  I  might  as  well  blame  a  neighbour  for 
apprizing  me  that  my  house  was  on  fire,  because  he  failed 
to  inform  me  immediately  of  a  certain  mode  of  extinguish 
ing  the  flames ;  or  forbid  my  physician  to  announce  the 
presence  of  disease,  unless  he  undertook  at  the  same 
moment  to  arrest  its  course.  With  the  exception,  there 
fore,  hinted  at  above,  many  of  our  countrymen  and 
countrywomen  will  unite  with  the  commendation  of  our 
highest  literary  authority : 

"  We  rejoice  to  see  the  works  of  the  Howitts,  whatever  they 
may  be,  republished  amongst  us.  Their  names  have  a  pleasant 
sound;  their  writings  are  sure  to  be  animated  by  a  kindly,  hu 
mane  spirit;  and  no  one  can  leave  them  without  feeling  that  he 
bas  been  in  delightful  company." — If.  Amer.  Rev. 
90S 


699-700.     See  also  the  same  periodical,  xxiv.  674-675 ; 
xxxviii.  300-301. 

Howldy,  Thomas.  Electricity;  Nic.  Jour.,  1813-16. 
Hewlett,  Bart.    1.  Views  in  Lincoln,  Lon.,  1808, 
imp.  4to.     2.  Plan,  Ac.  of  St.  Denys,  1811,  4to. 

Hewlett,  John,  an  assumed  name  of  Robert  Par 
sons  or  Persons,  the  Jesuit. 

Hewlett,  John,  Vicar  of  Great  Dunmow,  Essex,  d. 
1804,  pub.  several  works  on  Population,  Agriculture, 
Tithes,  Poor-Rates,  the  Corn  Trade,  Ac.,  1776-1801,  for  a 
list  of  which  see  Watt's  Bibl.  Brit,  and  McCulloch's  Lit. 
of  Polit.  Econ. 

"All  are  distinguished  by  ability,  correct  information,  and 
good  sense." — McCuLLOcn  :  ubi  supra. 

Hewlett,  Rev.  John  Henry.  1.  Instructions  in 
Reading  the  Liturgy,  Lon.,  1826,  8vo.  2.  Metrical  Chro 
nology ;  5th  ed.,  Camb.,  1855,  p.  8vo.  Other  works. 

Howley,  William,  D.D.,  1765-1848,  a  native  of 
Ropley,  Hampshire,  entered  of  New  College,  Oxford, 
1783;  elected  Fellow,  1785;  Canon  of  Christ  Church, 
1804;  Regius  Prof,  of  Divinity,  1809;  Bishop  of  London, 
1813 ;  Archbishop  of  Canterbury,  1828.  His  lordship  pub. 
a  few  Sermons,  Charges,  Ac.,  1802-44.  See  Lon.  Gent. 
Mag.,  April,  1848. 

How  man,  Roger,  M.D.,  of  Norwich.  Two  med. 
papers  in  Phil.  Trans.,  1684,  1724. 

Howorth,  Mrs.     Haller's  Poems  in  English,  1794. 
Howorth,  Wm.     Serms.,  Lon.,  1839,  12mo.     Other 
works. 

Hows,  John  W.  S.,  b.  1797,  in  London,  England, 
Prof,  of  Oratory  in  Columbia  Coll.,  N.  York,  from  1843 
to  the  present  time,  1856.  1.  The  Shaksperian  Reader, 
N.York,  1846,  12mo;  1849,  12mo.  2.  Practical  Elocu 
tionist,  1849,  12mo ;  6th  ed.,  Phila.,  1855,  12mo. 

"  The  Selections  evince  very  great  taste  and  judgment,  while 
the  rules  laid  down  by  the  accomplished  editor  cannot  fail  of  pro 
ducing  the  happiest  results.  The  volume  has  been  adopted  as  a 
text-book  in  Columbia  College." — CHAS.  ANTHON,  LL.D. 

Mr.  Hows  edited  The  Modern  Standard  Drama,  Ac., 
and  was  for  seven  years  dramatic  critic  of  the  (N.  York) 
Albion. 

Howse,  Isaac.  Mayors'  Courts,  Ac.,  Lon.,  1729,  fol. 
Howship,  John.  Medical  treatises,  Lon.,  1816,  '17. 
Howson,  John,  1556-1631,  a  native  of  London, 
educated  at  Christ  Church,  Oxford;  Bishop  of  Oxford, 
1619;  trans,  to  Durham,  1628.  He  was  the  author  of  a 
number  of  scrms.  pub.  1597-1661  :  and  four  of  his  dis 
courses  against  the  supremacy  of  St.  Peter  were  pub.  in 
1622,  4to,  by  order  of  King  James  I.,  "to  clear  the  asper 
sions  laid  upon  him  of  favouring  popery."  See  Bliss's 
Wood's  Athen.  Oxon. ;  Hutchinson's  Durham;  Fuller's 
Worthies. 

<;  Leaving  behind  him  the  character  of  a  very  learned  man,  and 
one  plentifully  endowed  with  all  those  virtues  which  were  most 
proper  for  a  bishop." — WOOD  :  ubi  supra. 

Howson,  John  Saul,  Principal  of  the  Liverpool 
Collegiate  Institution.  1.  Eternal  Life  through  Christ 
only :  Norrisian  Prize  Essay  for  1841,  Camb.,  1842, 
8vo.  2.  Three  Serms.  on  Good  and  Bad  Habits,  Lon., 
1846,  18mo.  3.  Twelve  Serms.  for  Family  Reading,  1849, 
sm.  8vo.  4.  Hist,  of  the  Mediterranean  :  a  Lecture,  1849, 
12mo.  5.  Life  and  Epistles  of  St.  Paul :  see  CONYBEARE, 
W.  J.  Of  this  most  valuable  work  a  new  edit,  has  just 
appeared,  Lon.,  1856,  2  vols.  sq.  cr.  8vo,  pp.  1282. 

Howson,  Robert,  Rector  of  Stanford-Dingley, 
Berks,  and  Lecturer  of  St.  Nicholas  Cole-Abbey,  London. 
1.  Serni.,  Jan.  1,  1698,  Lon.,  4to.  2.  Serin.,  1703,  8vo. 

Howson,  Wm.  An  Illustrated  Guide  to  the  Ca 
riosities  of  Craven,  Lon.,  1850,  12mo. 

Hoxton,  Capt.  Walter.     Agitation  of  the  Magnetic 
Needle  in  a  Voyage  from  Maryland;  Phil.  Trans.,  1739. 
Hoy,  James.     Paper  in  Trans.  Linn.  Soc.,  1813. 
Hoy,  Thomas.     Essays,  and  a  Poem,  1682,  '83. 
Hoy,  Thomas.     Papers  in  Trans.  Linn.  Soc.,  1793, 
Ac. 

Hoyland,  Rev.  Mr.  1.  Odes,  Edin.,  1785,  4to.  2. 
Poems,  Strawberry  Hill,  1796,  4to. 

Hoyland,  John.  1.  Epitome  of  the  Hist,  of  the 
World.  2.  Hist,  of  the  Gypsies,  York,  1816,  8vo. 

Hoyle,  Charles.     Poems,  Lon.,  1802,  '04,  '06,  Ac. 
See  Edin.  Rev.,  xi.  362. 
Hoyle,  Edmund,  1672-1769,  pub.  several  works  on 


HOY 

Games,  1744-61,  of  which  there  have  been  many  edits. 
There  have  been  three  new  edits,  pub.  in  London  in  the 
last  three  years,  viz. :  1.  1853,  18mo,  improved  and  en 
larged  by  G.  H.,  pub.  by  Simpkin;  2. 1854,  32mo,  pub. 
by  Allman  ;  3. 1855,  32mo ;  Hoyle's  Games  made  Familiar, 
by  Eidrah  Trebor;  llth  ed.,  pub.  by  Ward  and  Locke. 

Hoyle,  John.     Dictionary  of  Music,  Lon.,  1791,  8vo. 

Hoyle,  Thomas,  Jr.     Pot- Ash  j  Nic.  Jour.,  1798. 

Hoyt,  E.  Antiquarian  Researches;  or,  Hist,  of  the 
Indian  Wars,  Greenfield,  Mass. 

Hoyt,  J.  B.  A  Pastor's  Tribute  to  his  People ;  or, 
Serms.  upon  various  Subjects,  Norwich,  N.  York,  1851, 
12mo. 

Hoyt,  Ralph,  Rector  of  the  Episcopal  Church  of  the 
Good  Shepherd,  New  York,  and  a  native  of  that  city,  has 
gained  considerable  reputation  as  a  poet,  and  "  golden 
opinions"  by  his  persevering,  self-denying  Christian 
labours.  1.  The  Chaunt  of  Life,  and  other  Poems,  1844. 
2.  Part  Second  of  the  Chaunt  of  Life,  <fec.  3.  Sketches  of 
Life  and  Landscape,  1859,  pub.  for  the  benefit  of  the  author's 
new  church-edifice.  Specimens  of  Mr.  Hoyt's  poetry  will 
be  found  in  Griswold's  Poets  and  Poetry  of  America,  and 
in  Duyckincks'  Cy  c.  of  Amer.  Lit.  See  also  Poe's  Literati  j 
South.  Quar.  Rev.,  xvi.  224;  N.  Haven  Church  Rev.,  i.  274. 

Hoyte,  Henry.    Conversion  of  Soils,  Lon.,  1801, 4to. 

Hubback,  Mrs.,  a  niece  of  Jane  Austen,  the  au 
thoress,  is  also  known  as  a  successful  novelist.  1.  The 
Three  Marriages.  2.  May  and  December.  3.  The  Younger 
Sister,  1850,  3  vols.  p.  8vo.  4.  The  Wife's  Sister;  or, 
The  Forbidden  Marriage,  1851,  3  vols.  p.  8vo.  5.  The 
Old  Vicarage,  1856,  3  vols.  p.  8vo. 

Hubback,  John.  Treat,  on  the  Evidence  of  Suc 
cession  to  Property  and  Peerages,  Lon.,  1844,  r.  8vo.  An 
able  work.  See  2  Law  Mag.,  N.  S.,  409;  26  Leg.  Obs. 

Hubbard,  Father.  Tales;  or,  The  Ant  and  the 
Nightingale,  1604,  4to.  Bl.  letter.  Very  rare.  Bindley, 
Pt.  4,  722,  £13  10s. ;  resold,  Perry,  Pt.  1,  1858,  £10  5s. 

Hubbard,  Benj.     Navigation,  Lon.,  1656,  8vo. 

Hubbard,  Fordyce  M.  1.  New  ed.  of  Dr.  Jere 
miah  Belknap's  American  Biography,  N.  York,  1842, 
3  vols.  18mo.  See  a  list  of  contents  in  Rich's  Bibl.  Amer. 
Nova,  xi.  363.  2.  Life  of  Wm.  R.  Davie,  Gov.  of  N.  Car 
olina,  pub.  in  Sparks's  Amer.  Biog.,  2d  Sen  xv.  1-135. 

Hubbard,  Geo.  The  City  Tribute ;  or,  Honest  Effu 
sions  of  Love  and  Liberty,  Lon.,  1810,  8vo. 

Hubbard,  H.  Ixion,  and  other  Poems,  Bost.,  1852, 
12mo. 

Hubbard,  Henry.     Serm.,  Camb.,  1750,  4to. 

Hubbard,  John,  a  Dissenting  minister.  Two  Serms. 
at  Coward's  Lecture,  Lon.,  1729,  8vo.  Nine  of  his  serms. 
are  in  the  Berry  St.  (Coward's  Lect.)  Serms.,  2d  ed.,  1739, 
2  vols.  8vo. 

Hubbard,  J.  G.  1.  Vindication  of  a  Fixed  Duty  on 
Corn,  <fcc.,  Lon.,  1842,  8vo.  2.  The  Currency  and  the 
Country,  1843,  8vo. 

"  A  valuable  tract  in  favour  of  a  single  bank  of  issue."— McCul- 
loch's  Lit.  of  Polit.  Econ.,  184. 

Hubbard,  J.  P.     British  Marble ;  Nic.  Jour.,  1810. 

Hubbard,  Rev.  John  C.,  of  Surrey,  d.  1805.  1. 
Jacobinism;  a  Poem.  2.  Triumphs  of  Poesy,  1803. 

Hubbard,  Joseph  S.,  b.  1823,  at  New  Haven,  Conn., 
now  Prof,  of  Mathematics  in  U.S.  Navy,  has  contributed 
to  the  Astronomical  Journal,  (Cambridge,  Mass.,)  and  to 
other  periodicals. 

Hubbard,  Leverett,  M.D.  Hist,  of  a  Gangrene  of 
the  Scrotum ;  Memoirs  Med.,  1792. 

Hubbard,  William.  The  Tragicall  and  Lamentable 
Historic  of  two  faythfull  Mates  Ceyx,  Kyngeof  Thrachine, 
and  Alcione  his  Wife,  drawen  into  English  Meeter,  Lon., 
1569,  16mo.  See  Golding's  trans,  of  the  Xlth  Book  of 
Ovid's  Metamorphoses;  Warton's  Hist,  of  Eng.  Poet. ; 
Ritson's  Bibl.  Poet. 

Hubbard,  William,  1621-1704,  minister  of  Ipswich, 
Mass.,  graduated  at  Harvard  College  in  the  first  plass, 
1642.  1.  Election  Serm.,  Bost.,  1676:  an  excellent  pro 
duction.  2.  A  Narrative  of  the  Troubles  with  the  Indians 
from  1607-77,  with  a  Discourse,  1677,  4to.  With  a  map 
of  New  England:  now  often  wanting  in  copies.  (See 
Rich's  Cat.  of  Books,  1500-1600,  p.  102.)  Lon.,  1677,  sm. 
8vo;  Worcester,  Mass.,  1801,  8vo.  3.  Fast  Serm.,  1682. 
4.  Funl.  Discourse  on  Gen.  Denison,  1684.  5.  A  Testimony 
to  the  order  of  the  Gospel  in  the  Churches  of  N.  England, 
1701;  with  Mr.  Higginson.  Hubbard  left  in  MS.  A  General 
Hist,  of  N.  England  from  the  Discovery  to  1680,  which 
was  pub.  by  the  Mass.  Hist.  Soc.,  Camb.,  1815,  8vo,  pp. 
676.  For  the  preparation  of  this  history  the  State  paid 
him  £50.  For  much  of  the  most  important  portion  of  the 


HUD 

earlier  annals  he  was  indebted  to  Winthrop's  MS.  Jour 
nal  ;  and  Hubbard's  MS.,  in  turn,  was  of  great  service  to 
Mather,  Prince,  Hutchinson,  Holmes,  Ac. : 

"To  style,  indeed,  Hubbard  has  in  this  work  afforded  little  at 
tention,  or  rather  has  employed  several  modes  of  composition  in 
his  different  chapters,  here  dilating  in  a  careful  examination  of 
events  and  discussion  of  principles,  there  confining  himself  to  the 
most  meagre  manner  of  the  humblest  diary.  But  his  skill  may 
be  ascertained  from  his  election  sermon,  [1676.]  which  no  work 
of  the  two  next  generations  surpassed.  .  .  .  Hubbard's  claims  as 
the  historian  of  the  great  war  of  1675-76  are  universally  acknow 
ledged,  for  three  editions  have  made  his  Indian  Wars  well  known." 
—JAMES  SAVAGE,  Pratt  of  the  Mass.  Hist.  Soc.;  N.  Amer.  Rev.,  ii. 
221-230. 

"  In  a  word,  he  is  learned  without  ostentation  and  vanity,  and 
gives  all  his  productions  such  a  delicate  turn  and  grace,  (as  is 
seen  in  his  printed  Sermons  and  History  of  the  Indian  Wars.) 
that  the  features  and  lineaments  of  the  Child  make  a  clear  dis 
covery  and  distinction  of  the  Father :  yet  is  he  a  man  of  singular 
modesty,  of  strict  morals,  and  has  done  as  much  for  the  conver 
sion  of  the  Indians  as  most  men  in  England." — John  Dunton's 
Life  and  Errors,  ed.  1818,  i.  133-134,  q.v.  for  a  favourable  ac 
count  of  the  worthy  divine's  love  of  hospitality  and  good  books. 

See  also  Hutchinson;  Holmes;  Hist.  Collec.  of  Mass. 

Hubbell,  Martha  Stone,  1814-1856,  a  native  of 
Oxford,  Conn.,  and  a  daughter  of  Noah  Stone,  M.D.,  was 
married  to  the  Rev.  Stephen  Hubbell  in  1832.  At  the  time 
of  her  decease  she  was  a  resident  of  North  Stonington, 
Conn.  Mrs.  Hubbell  wrote  a  number  of  Children's  Stories 
for  the  American  and  Mass.  Sunday-School  Union,  and 
the  following  work,  of  which  40,000  copies  were  sold  within 
a  year  after  its  publication  :  The  Shady  Side ;  or,  Life  in 
a  Country  Parsonage,  by  a  Pastor's  Wife,  Bost.,  1853, 
12mo. 

"Life  in  a  Country  Parsonage  in  the  States  appears  to  be  as 
pretty  a  martyrdom  as  the  world  has  now  to  show." — Lon.  Athen 
aeum,  1853,  p.  616. 

Hubbert,  Thomas.  A  Pill  to  purge  Formality,  Lon., 
1650,  sm.  8vo. 

Hubberthorne,  Richard.  1.  A  True  Testimony  of 
the  Zeal  of  Oxford  Professors  and  University  Men,  Lon., 
1654,  4to.  2.  A  Collection  of  his  several  Books  and  Writ 
ings,  Lon.,  1663,  4to. 

Hubbocke,  Wm.  1.  Serm.,  Lon.,  1595, 8vo.  2.  Orar 
tion  gratulatorie  to  K.  James,  Oxf.,  1604,  4to.  King  and 
LocheVs,  in  1814,  £5  15s.  6d.  Reprinted  from  the  copy  in 
the  Bodleian  Library,  in  Nichols's  Progresses  of  K.  James. 

Hubert,  Sir  Francis.  1.  Historie  of  Edward  II., 
Lon.,  1628,  '29,  8vo.  This  epic  poem, ^according  to  the 
Bibl.  Anglo-Poet.,  (q.  v.,)  was  written  by  Richard  Hubert, 
and  Sir  Francis,  his  brother,  was  only  the  editor  of  the 
2d  edit.  2.  Egypt's  Favourite ;  a  Poem,  1631,  8vo.  Seo 
Bibl.  Anglo-Poet.;  Lowndes's  Bibl.  Man.;  Lon.  Gent. 
Mag.,  1824. 

Hubert,  J.,  or  Huberts,  A.  Corner-Stone  towards 
a  new  seat  of  Physicians  in  London,  Lon.,  1675,  4to. 

Hubert,  or  Forges,  Robert.  Catalogue  of  many 
Natural  Rarities,  Lon.,  1664,  '65,  12mo.  See  an  account 
of  this  collection  (destroyed  in  the  great  fire  of  1666)  in 
Hawkins's  Hist,  of  Music,  iv.  378. 

Hubly,  Barnard,  of  Pennsylvania.  Hist,  of  the 
American  Revolution. 

Huch,  Richard,  M.D.,  Physician  to  the  Army,  d. 
1785.  Papers  in  Med.  Obs.  and  Inq.,  1767. 

Huckell,  Rev.  John.    Avon;  a  Poem,  1811,  12mo. 

Hucks,  J.  1.  Pedestrian  Tour  through  North  Wales, 
Lon.,  1795,  12mo.  2.  Poems,  1798,  12mo. 

Huddart,  Capt.  Joseph,  1741-1816,  pub.  A  Sketch 
of  the  Straits  of  Gasper,  Lon.,  1788,  8vo,  several  charts, 
and  papers  in  Phil.  Trans,  and  Nic.  Jour.,  1777-1805.  A 
Memoir  of  Capt.  H.  was  privately  printed  in  1821,  4to. 

Huddesford,  G.  Reply  to  a  Pamphlet  in  Defence 
of  the  Rector,  <fcc.  of  Exeter  College,  Oxf.,  1655,  4to. 

Huddesford,  George,  a  humorous  poet.  1.  Topsy- 
Turvy :  Anecdotes,  Ac.,  Lon.,  1790,  8vo.  2.  Salmagundi : 
Original  Poems,  1793,  8vo.  3.  Poems;  including  Salma 
gundi,  Topsy-Turvy,  Bubble  and  Squeak,  and  Crambe  Re- 
petita,  with  Corrections  and  original  Addits.,  1801,  2  vols. 
8vo.  See  Lon.  Month.  Rev.,  xxxviii.  272-27.6.  4.  Lea 
Champignons  du  Diable,  or  Imperial  Mushrooms ;  a  Mock- 
Heroic  Poem  in  five  Cantos,  1805,  12mo.  5.  Wiccamical 
Chaplet:  a  Selection  of  Original  Poetry,  1805,  cr.  8vo; 
Lowndes  says  1804,  cr.  8vo.  Many  of  these  pieces  are  by 
the  editor.  The  title  Wiccamical  denotes  the  fact  that  the 
contributors  were  educated  at  Winchester  School,  which 
was  founded  by  William  of  Wickham. 

"  The  Wiccamical  effusions  manifest  great  sportiveness  of  genius, 
and  no  inconsiderable  portion  of  that  'Broadgrin'  which  in  the 
present  age  is  preferred  to  merely  elegant  poetry."— Lon.  Month. 
Rev.,  xlix.  201-205,  q.  v.. 

Huddesford,  Wm.,  D.D.,  d.  1772,  Principal  of  Trin. 
Coll.,  Oxf.  1.  Catalogus  Librorum  manuscriptorum  Viri 


HUD 


HUG 


clarissimi  Antonio  a  Wood,  Oxf.,  1761,  8vo.  2.  Martini 
Lister,  M.D.,  Historic,  sive  Synopsis  Conchylionum  et  Ta- 
bularum  Anatotnicarum ;  Editio  altera,  <fcc.,  Oxf.,  1770,  fol. 
3.  Lives  of  Leland,  Hearne,  Anthony  a  Wood,  <fcc.,  1772, 
2  vols.  8vo. 

Huddleston,  John.  Infant  Baptism,  Lon.,  1769, 8vo. 

Huddleston,  John.  Speech  in  H.  of  Commons, 
1805,  8vo. 

Huddleston,  Lawrence.    Boats;  Nic.  Jour.,  1703. 

Huddleston,  Robert,  1776-1827,  a  Scotch  anti 
quary.  New  ed.  of  Toland's  Hist  of  the  Druids,  Mon- 
trose,  1814,  8vo. 

Huddleston,  Win.,  Rector  of  Navenden,  Kent,  for 
merly  a  Benedictine  monk.  Serm.  [Recantation]  on  1  Kings 
xxii.  21,  22,  Lon.,  1729,  8vo. 

Huddleston,  Win.,  Vicar  of  Tirley,  Gloucestershire. 
Divine  Truths  Vindicated  in  the  Ch.  of  Eng.,  Lon.,  1733, 
8vo. 

Hudleston,  Richard,  a  Benedictine  monk.  A  Short 
and  Plain  Way  to  the  Faith  and  Church;  with  Charles  II.'s 
Papers  found  in  his  Closet  after  his  Death,  Lon.,  1688,  4to. 

Hudley,  George.    Trade  Winds;  Phil.  Trans.,  1735. 

Hudson,  Mrs.     See  DONAT,  MRS. 

Hudson,  Rev.  Charles,  and  Edward  Shirley 
Kennedy.  Where  there's  a  Will  there's  a  Way :  an  As 
cent  of  Mont  Blanc  by  a  New  Route,  and  without  Guides, 
Lon.,  1856,  p.  8vo.  Commended  by  the  Lon.  Athenaeum; 
and  see  also  Westm.  Rev.,  Oct.  1856. 

Hudson,  F.  Monumental  Brasses  of  Northampton 
shire,  Lon.,  1853,  imp.  fol.  90  engravings  executed  in 
bronze,  being  a  new  process,  presenting  fac-similes  of  the 
brasses  described. 

Hudson,  Henry,  an  eminent  English  navigator, 
respecting  whom  particulars  will  be  found  in  the  authori 
ties  cited  below,  whilst  returning,  in  the  spring  of  1611, 
from  the  discovery  of  the  bay  which  bears  his  name,  was 
set  adrift  in  a  shallop,  with  his  son  and  seven  sailors,  by 
his  mutinous  crew.  They  were  never  heard  from  again. 
1.  Divers  Voyages  and  Northern  Discoveries,  1607.  2.  A 
Second  Voyage  for  finding  a  Passage  to  the  East  Indies 
by  the  North-East,  1608.  See  Purchas's  Pilgrimes,  vol.  iii.  ; 
Descriptio  ac  Delineatio  geographica  Detectionis  Freti, 
sive  Transitos  ad  Occasum,  supra  Terras  Americanas, 
Amst.,  1612,  4to;  Life  of  Hudson,  in  Biog.  Brit.,  iv.  2691- 
2695 ;  do.,  by  Henry  R.  Cleveland,  in  Sparks's  Amer.  Biog., 
1st  Ser.,  x.  185-261.  A  Life  of  Hudson,  for  juvenile  readers, 
by  the  Rev.  Francis  L.  Hawks,  D.D.,  has  been  recently  pub. 
by  D.  Appleton  &  Co.,  of  New  York.  Respecting  Hudson's 
explorations,  accounts  will  be  found  in  several  of  the  au 
thorities  noted  by  us  in  our  life  of  Sir  John  Franklin  in 
this  Dictionary. 

"  The  heroic  but  unfortunate  Hudson  :— one  of  the  brightest 
names  in  the  history  of  English  maritime  adventure."— -Etfwxzrd 
Everett's  Oration  on  occasion  of  the,  Inauguration  of  the  Dudley  As* 
tronomical  Observatory  at  Albany,  Aug.  28,  1856. 

Hudson,  Henry.  The  Hours :  in  Four  Idylls,  1818, 
8vo. 

Hudson,  Henry  Norman,  b.  Jan.  28, 1814,  in  Corn 
wall,  Addison  county,  Vermont,  graduated  at  Middlebury 
Coll.,  1840 ;  ordained  a  clergyman  of  the  Protestant  Episco 
pal  Church,  by  Bishop  Whittingham,  in  Trinity  Church,  N. 
York,  1849.  1.  Lectures  on  Shakspeare,  N.  York,  1848,  2 
vols.  12mo ;  2d  ed.  in  same  year.  These  admirable  lectures 
were  delivered,  in  1843  and  several  following  years,  in  the 
principal  cities  of  the  United  States.  See  N.  Amer.  Rev., 
Ixvii.  84,  (by  E.  P.  Whipple ;)  Chris.  Exam.,  xlv.  303,  (by 
C.  A.  Bartol;)  Amer.  Whig  Rev.,  viii.  39,  (by  G.  W.  Peck;) 
Amer.  Lit.  Mag.,  ii.  387;  Democratic  Rev.,  xvi.  412.  2. 
The  Works  of  William  Shakspeare:  The  Text  carefully 
restored  according  to  the  First  Editions;  with  Introduc 
tions,  Notes,  Original  and  Selected,  and  a  Life  of  the  Poet, 
Munroe  &  Co.,  Bost.,  1851-56,  11  vols.  16mo.  As  regards 
size  and  print,  this  edition  is  modelled  upon  the  favourite 
one  in  England  known  as  the  Chiswick  Edition.  It  con 
tains  all  the  Plays,  Poems,  and  Sonnets  of  Shakspeare. 
We  have  several  commendations  before  us  of  Mr.  Hudson's 
editorial  labours,  but  have  space  for  the  following  only : 

"  There  is  every  probability  that  as  soon  as  Mr.  Hudson's  Shak- 
speare  becomes  known,  as  it  well  deserves  to  be,  in  this  country, 
it  will  meet  with  no  inconsiderable  amount  of  patronage  here."— 
JVew  (London)  Quarterly  Review. 

"Mr.  Verplanck  has  brought  the  treasures  of  a  various  and  re 
condite  learning,  with  no  common  share  of  critical  sagacity  to 
the  illustration  of  Shakspeare.  Following  in  the  same  direction 
but  striking  out  a  new  path,  Mr.  Hudson  has  enriched  the  litera 
ture  of  our  language  with  the  fruits  of  his  studies,  mastering  the 
difficulties  of  the  poet  with  wonderful  ingenuity,  seizing  the 
spirit  of  his  characterization  with  kindred  subtlety,  and,  in  a  sin 
gularly  nervous  and  racy  style,  presenting  some  of  the  finest  spe 


cimens  of  critical  analysis  of  which  any  modern  writer  can 

Mr.  Hudson  has  been  a  contributor  to  the  Church  Re 
view,  the  American  Whig  Review,  and  the  Democratic 
Review,  and  in  1850  pub.  a  Serm.  entitled  Old  Wine  in 
Old  Bottles.  In  1857  he  originated  and  edited  the  Ame 
rican  Church  Monthly,  pub.  in  N.  York. 

Hudson,  J.  C.  1.  Plain  Directions  for  Making  Wills; 
4th  ed.,  1838,  fp.  8vo ;  9th  ed.  pub.  -2.  Executor's  Guide, 
Lon.,  1838,  fp.  8vo.  New  ed.,  1854,  fp.  8vo.  3.  Tables 
for  Valuing  Annuities,  <fcc.;  2d  ed.,  1842,  8vo.  4.  Parent's 
Handbook,  1842,  fp.  8vo.  Mr.  Hudson's  works  are  of 
great  value. 

Hudson,  J.  W.  History  of  Education,  Lon.,  1851,8vo. 

Hudson,  John,  1662-1719,  a  native  of  Cumberland, 
educated  at  Queen's  Coll.,  Oxf.,  is  known  by  his  excellent 
edits,  of  Thucydides,  Oxon.,  1696,  fol. ;  Minor  Greek 
Geographers,  1698-1712,  4  vols.  8vo,  and  in  6  vols.  8vo; 
Dionysius  Halicarnassus,  1704,  2  vols.  fol.;  Esop's  Fables, 
1718,  Svo;  Josephus,  1720,  2  vols.  fol.;  and  other  works. 
See  Biog.  Brit.;  Anthony  Hall's  preface  to  the  Josephus; 
Athen.  Oxon. ;  Dibdin's  Greek  and  Latin  Classics ;  Dib- 
din's  Lib.  Comp. ;  Hallam's  Lit.  Hist,  of  Europe,  ed.  1854, 
iii.  251 ;  H.  G.  Bohn's  Genl.  Cat,,  1848,  Pt.  2,  522,  539  ; 
Lon.  Gent.  Mag.  for  1734,  vol.  iv.  553. 

Hudson,  Joseph.  Six  Years'  Residence  in  Hud 
son's  Bay,  1733-36  and  1744-47,  Lon.,  1752,  Svo.  A  good 
book. 

Hudson,  Michael.     Government,  Lon.,  1647,  Svo. 

Hudson,  Richard.  Land-Valuer's  Assistant,  Lon., 
1781,  12rno. 

Hudson,  Samuel.  1.  Visible  Catholick  Church, 
Lon.,  1645,  4to.  2.  Vindication  of  the  same,  1650,  4to. 

Hudson,  Thomas.  The  Historic  of  Judith,  in 
forme  of  a  Poeme.  Trans,  from  Du  Bartas,  Lon.,  1584, 
8vo;  1611,  4to.  Some  extracts  from  his  poems  will  be 
found  in  England's  Parnassus.  See  Brydges's  Phillips's 
Theat.  Poet.  Anglic.,  220;  Drake's  Shakspeare  and  his 
Times. 

Hudson,  Thomas.     Odes,  1759,  '61,  '65. 

Hudson,  W.  E.,  d.  1853.  1.  Statute  Law  of  Ireland 
and  Eng.,  Dubl.,  1829,  Svo. 

"  A  learned  and  admirable  treatise." — 1  Leg.  Rep.  244. 

2.  Elective  Franchise,  Dubl.,  1832,  12mo.  3.  In  con 
junction  with  John  Brooke,  Irish  K.  B.  and  Excheq.  Re 
ports,  1827-28,  vol.  i.  and  3  Pts.  of  vol.  ii.,  Dubl.,  1829-35. 

Hudson,  Wm.,  1730  ?-1793,  a  native  of  Westmore 
land,  was  one  of  the  first  English  botanists  who  adopted 
the  Linnaean  System.  Flora  Anglica,  Lon.,  1762,  Svo. 
Greatly  improved,  1778,  2  vols.  Svo. 

Hues,  Robert.     Tractatus  de  Globis,  &c.,  1611-63. 

Huggan,  A.,  M.D.  Con.  to  Med.  and  Phys.  Jour., 
1799,  1800. 

Huggard,  or  Hoggard,  Miles,  pub.  several  poeti 
cal  and  other  works  in  defence  of  the  R.  Catholic  faith, 
1548-57.  See  Ritson's  Bibl.  Poet.;  Warton's  Hist,  of 
Eng.  Poet. ;  Brydges's  Brit.  Bibliog. ;  Lowndes's  Bibl. 
Man.,  979 ;  Lowndes's  Brit.  Lib.,  1032. 

Hugget,  Anthony.     Serm.,  Lon.,  1615,  4to. 

Huggins,  Wm.,  d.  1761.  Part  of  Orlando  Furioso; 
from  the  Italian,  Lon.,  1758,  Svo. 

Hugh,  Abbot  of  Reading,  d.  1164,  a  native  of  France, 
who  resided  in  England  during  part  of  the  reign  of  Henry 
I.,  is  chiefly  known  as  a  writer  by  a  treatise  on  theology, 
in  seven  books,  which 

"Exhibits  much  profundity  of  thought  and  metaphysical 
learning." —  WrigM's  Biog.  Brit.  Lit.,  Anglo-Norman  Period,  q.  v. 

Some  of  Hugh's  writings  have  been  published. 

Hugh  de  Rutland,  a  poet  temp.  Richard  L,  accord 
ing  to  M.  de  la  Rue,  dwelt  at  Credenhill,  in  Cornwall. 
His  best-known  poem  is  the  Romance  of  Ipornedon,  of 
which  he  wrote  a  continuation,  entitled  the  Romance  of 
Prothesilaus.  The  first  (MS.  in  the  Brit.  Mus.)  extends 
to  upwards  of  10,000  lines,  and  the  latter  (MS.  in  the 
Royal  Lib.  at  Paris)  extends  to  nearly  11,000  lines.  See 
Wright's  Biog.  Brit.  Lit,  Anglo-Norman  Period. 

Hughe,  Wm.,  d.  1549,  one  of  the  English  Reformers, 
educated  at  Corpus  Christi  Coll.,  Oxf.  1.  The  Troubled 
Man's  Medicine,  Lon.,  1546,  '67,  16mo.  Another  ed., 
16mo,  «.  a.,  sed  circ.  1558?  2.  A  Sweet  Consolation,  and 
the  second  booke  of  The  Troubled  Man's  Medicine,  1567, 
Svo.  See  British  Reformers,  vol.  xi. 

Hughes.  Commentary  on  the  Books  of  Genesis, 
Exodus,  Leviticus,  Psalms  to  Zachariah,  and  the  wholo 
of  the  N.  Test.,  1851,  5  vols.  12mo.  In  the  Welsh  lan 
guage.  This  has  been  styled 

'  The  most  extensive  and  best  Welsh  Commentary  extant." 


HUG 


Hughes,  Mrs.    Poems,  novels,  and  dramas,  1784-90. 
Hughes,  Benj.      1.  Simon  Magus;  a  Poem,  Lon., 
1774,  4to.     2.  Epistle  to  Junius,  1774,  4to. 

Hughes,  Charles.     The  Corapleat  Horseman,  1772. 
Hughes,  D.    Law  rel.  to  Insurances,  Lon.,  1828,  8vo ; 
1st  Amer.  ed.,  N.  York,  1833,  8vo. 

"  A  plain,  methodical,  and  correct  Treatise."— 3  Kent,  351,  n. 
Hughes,  Edward,  Head-Master  of  the  Royal  Naval 
Lower   School,  Greenwich  Hospital,  has  pub.  a  number 
of  valuable  educational  works  on  Geography,  History, 
Arithmetic,  Reading,  &c.,  Lon.,  1848-56. 

Hughes,  George,  1603-1667,  a  native  of  Southwark, 
educated  at  Corpus  Christi  Coll.,  Oxf.,  and  Fellow  of 
Pembroke  Coll.,  Lecturer  of  Allhallows,  London,  and 
subsequently  minister  of  Tavistock,  during  the  Rebellion 
obtained  the  living  of  St.  Andrews,  Plymouth,  from  which 
he  was  ejected  for  Non-conformity  in  1662.  He  pub.  a 
Serm.,  1647,  three  theolog.  treatises,  1644,  68,  '70,  and 
An  Analytical  Expos,  of  Genesis  and  of  XXIII.  Chapters 
of  Exodus,  (Plymouth,)  1672,  fol. 

"  A  very  elaborate  and  curious  work :  it  is  not  of  common  oc 
currence." — Hornets  Bibl.  Bib. 

Hughes,   Griffith,  minister  of  St.  Lacy's  Parish, 
Barbadoes.    1.  Natural  Hist,  of  Barbadoes,  Lon.,  1750,  fol. 
"Instead  of  the  crude,  Irregular  descriptions  of  this  author, 
the  naturalist  is  to  be  punctual,  exact,  and  express.  ...  As  to 
his  talents  for  natural  history,  it  was  an  unlucky  mistake  in  him 
to  suppose  them  such  as  could  enable  him  to  go  through  so  ardu 
ous  a  task  as  the  history  of  the  products  of  a  whole  island,  though 
a  very  small  one." — Lon.  Month.  Rev.,  July,  1750,  197-206. 
See  Rich's  Bibl.  Amer.  Nova,  i.  97. 
2.  Of  a  Zoophyton  resembling  the  flower  of  the  Mari 
gold  ;  Phil.  Trans.,  1743. 

Hughes,  H.  Retribution,  and  other  Poems,  Lon., 
1798,  8vo. 

Hughes,  H.  G.     Practice  of  the  Ct.  of  Chan,  in  Ire 
land,  Dubl.,  1837,  8vo.  Of  little  value.  See  1  Leg.  Rep.,  17. 
Hughes,  H.  H.     Beauties  of  Cambria,  Lon.,  ob.  4to. 
Hughes,  H.  M.,  M.D.,  Assistant  Physician  to  Guy's 
Hospital.      A   Clinical    Introduction   to   the  Practice  of 
Auscultation,  Lon.,  1845,  12mo;   2d  ed.,  improved,  1854, 
12mo;  2d  Amer.  from  the  2d  Lon.  ed.,  Phila.,  1854,  12mo. 
"  Embodying  the  existing  state  of  our  knowledge,  and  alike 
free  from  dogmatism  or  assumption,  we  recognise  in  its  precepts 
the  efforts  of  a  practical  physician,  fully  competent,  and  equally 
anxious,  to  forward  science  by  dispassionately  discussing  truth." 
— Dublin  Quar.  Journal  of  Med.  Science. 

Hughes,  Henry,  Curate  of  Great  Linford,  Bucks. 
Serm.,  Lon.,  1833,  12mo.  Other  works. 

Hughes,  Henry,  Perpetual  Curate  of  All-Saints, 
Gordon-Square.  1.  The  Voice  of  the  Anglican  Church  ; 
being  the  declared  opinions  of  her  Bishops  on  the  Doc 
trines  of  the  Oxford  Tract  Writers ;  with  an  Introductory 
Essay,  Lon.,  1842,  12mo.  The  prelates  cited  are,  The 
Archbishops  of  Canterbury,  Armagh,  Dublin,  and  Cashel ; 
the  Bishops  of  Winchester,  Durham,  London,  Exeter, 
Bristol,  Chester,  Hereford,  Ripon,  Worcester,  Salisbury, 
Oxford,  Llandaff,  Down  and  Connor,  and  Calcutta.  2. 
Congregational  Psalmody,  1843,  12mo. 

Hughes,  Hugh,  D.D.,  Rector  of  St.  John's,  Clerken- 
well,  London.  Female  Characters  of  Holy  Writ ;  in  a 
Course  of  Serms.:  1st  Ser.,  1845,  12mo;  2d  Ser.,  1846, 
12mo  ;  3d  Ser.,  1847,  12mo. 

"  Many  Christian  women  will  doubtless  thank  Dr.  Hughes  for 
having  led  them  to  dwell  more  thoughtfully  on  those  parts  of 
Scripture  specially  intended  for  their  instruction." — Lon.  Chris 
tian  Ladies'  Mag. 

"They  are  highly  instructive,— models  of  popular  teaching; 
and  we  scarcely  know  a  book  better  adapted  to  family  reading." 
— Brit.  Quar.  Rev. 

Hughes,  J.  G.  Sketch  of  the  Philosophy  of  Pusey- 
ism,  Lon.,  1844,  8vo. 

Hughes,  Jabez,  1685-1731,  a  younger  brother  of 
John  Hughes,  the  poet,  (1677-1720,)  pub.  trans,  from 
Claudian,  Lucan,  Suetonius,  and  Cervantes,  1714,  '17,  '23, 
'29.  His  Miscellanies,  in  Verse  and  Prose,  were  pub., 
Lon.,  1737,  8vo.  See  Nichols's  Select  Collection  of  Poems; 
Chalmers's  Biog.  Diet. 

Hughes,  James.  Kentucky  Supreme  Ct.  Reports, 
1785-1801,  Lexington,  1803,  4to. 

Hughes,  James.  1.  Practice  in  Civil  Actions  under 
the  Code  of  Indiana,  Gin.,  1856.  2.  Manual  for  Executors 
and  Administrators  in  Indiana,  1856.  3.  Statutes  of  In 
diana;  a  newly-revised  ed.,  1856.  4.  In  conjunction 
with  David  McDonald  and  Albert  G.  Porter,  A  Digest  of 
the  Decisions  of  the  Supreme  Ct.  of  Indiana  from  its 
organization  to  the  present  time;  being  a  Digest  of  the 
8  vols.  of  Blackford's  Reps,  and  of  the  first  6  vols.  of  In 
diana  Reports.  (The  above  four  works  are  announced  as 
In  press  by  H.  W.  Derby  &  Co.  of  Cincinnati,  May,  1856.) 


HUG 

Hughes,  John,  1677-1720,  a  native  of  Marlborough, 
a  contributor  to  The  Tatler,  Spectator,  and  Guardian,  and 
the  author  of  the  whole  or  the  principal  part  of  the  Essays, 
Discourses,  &c,  of  the  Lay  Monk,  (2d  ed.,  1714, 12ino,)  a 
sequel  to  the  Spectator,  has  lost  the  poetical  reputation 
which  he  enjoyed.  He  was  educated  at  a  Dissenters' 
Academy  in  London,  and  subsequently  held  a  place  in 
the  Office  of  Ordnance,  and  was  Secretary  to  the  Com 
missioners  for  the  purchasing  of  lands  for  the  royal  dock 
yards.  Later  in  life  he  was  Secretary  to  the  Commis 
sioners  of  the  Peace.  1.  Poem  on  the  Peace  of  Kyswick, 
1697.  2.  The  Court  of  Neptune,  1699.  3.  Ode  on  the 
Death  of  K.  William,  1702.  4.  Ode  in  Praise  of  Music, 
1703,  4to.  5.  Spenser's  Works,  with  Life,  &c.,  1715,  6  vols. 
12mo.  6.  The  Siege  of  Damascus  ;  a  Tragedy,  1720,  8vo. 
The  author  died  on  the  same  night  that  this  piece  was 
first  performed  with  great  applause.  7.  Poems  and  Prose 
Essays,  1735,  2  vols.  12mo;  Posth.  He  trans.  Fontenelle's 
Dialogues  of  the  Dead,  and  Discourse  concerning  the  An 
cients  and  Moderns,  the  Abbe"  Vertot's  Hist,  of  the  Revo 
lutions  in  Portugal,  Letters  of  Abelard  and  Heloisa,  and 
wrote  the  preface  to  the  Complete  Hist,  of  England,  1706, 
3  vols.  fol.  His  Correspondence  was  pub.  by  the  Rev.  J. 
Duncombe,  with  Notes,  1772,  3  vols.  12mo;  2d  ed.,  1773, 
3  vols.  p.  8vo.  As  a  translator,  Hughes  is  entitled  to  con 
siderable  credit:  of  his  original  efforts  The  Siege  of  Da 
mascus  is  the  only  piece  by  which  he  is  now  known  to  the 
reading  public.  Addison  thought  so  highly  of  Hughes's 
dramatic  abilities  that  he  begged  him  to  write  the  fifth  Act 
of  Cato: 

"  Hughes  was  very  capable  of  writing  this  fifth  Ant.  The  Siege 
of  Damascus  is  a  better  tragedy  than  Cato,  though  Pope  affected 
to  speak  slightingly  of  its  author." — DR.  JOSEPH  WARTON  :  Note  to 
Pope's  Prologue  to  Cato. 

"  He  [Hughes]  is  too  grave  a  poet  for  me,  and,  I  think,  among 
the  Mediocrists  in  prose  as  well  as  verse." — Swift  to  Pope. 

"  What  he  wanted  in  genius,  he  made  up  as  an  honest  man ; 
but  he  was  of  the  class  you  think  him." — Pope  to  Swift. 

Dr.  Johnson,  who  in  his  life  of  Hughes  quotes  the  above, 
(and  more  of  the  same  correspondence,)  avoids  giving  any 
opinion  respecting  the  literary  merits  of  his  author;  but  it 
is  easy  to  perceive  that  he  agrees  with  the  estimate  he 
cites.  An  eminent  critic,  in  his  comments  upon  the  merits 
of  our  author,  remarks  : 

"  The  only  piece,  however,  which  can  with  any  propriety  claim 
for  Hughes  the  appellation  of  a  poet,  is  The  Siege  of  Damascus. 
Of  this  Drama,  which  is  still  occasionally  acted,  the  sentiments 
and  morality  are  pure  and  correct,  the  imagery  frequently  beauti 
ful,  and  the  diction  and  versification  for  the  most  part  clear  and 
melodious.  It  is  defective,  notwithstanding,  in  the  most  essential 
quality  of  dramatic  composition,  the  power  of  affecting  the  pas 
sions  ;  and  is,  therefore,  more  likely  to  afford  pleasure  in  the  closet 
than  on  the  stage.  .  .  .  Hughes  has  more  merit  as  a  translator  of 


poetry  than  as  an  original  poet. ...  On  the  prose  of  Hughes  I  am 
inclined  to  bestow  more  praise  than  on  his  poetry.  .  .  .  All  the 
periodical  essays  of  Hughes  are  written  in  a  style  which  is,  in 
general,  easy,  correct,  and  elegant:  they  occasionally  exhibit  wit 
and  humour;  and  they  uniformly  tend  to  inculcate  the  best  pre 
cepts,  moral,  prudential,  and  religious." — Drake's  Essays  ittustra- 
tive  of  the  Tatler,  Spectator,  and  Guardian,  (vol.  iii.  26-50.)  q.v.  for 
an  account  of  Hughes's  share  in  these  periodicals ;  and  see  the  Pre 
faces  to  the  various  edits,  of  these  works. 

In  addition  to  authorities  cited  above,  see  Life  of  Dun- 
combe,  in  Biog.  Brit. ;  Spence's  Anecdotes ;  Chalmers's 
Biog.  Diet. ;  Index  to  Lon.  Gent.  Mag. 

Hughes,  John,  1682-1710,  a  Fellow  of  Jesus  College, 
Camb.  1.  Dissertationes  in  quibus  auctoritas  Ecclesiastica 
quatenus  a  civili  sit  distincta,  defenditur,  contra  Erastianos, 
Camb.,  1710,  8vo.  In  English,  by  Hilk.  Bedford,  Lon., 
1711,  8vo.  2.  St.  Chrysostom's  Treat,  on  the  Priesthood, 
Camb.,  1710,  8vo;  2d  ed.,  with  Notes,  <fcc.,  1712,  8vo.  See 
Lowndes's  Brit.  Lib.,  535-537,  815. 

"  A  learned  hand." — BP.  ATTERBURY. 

See  Lysons's  Environs;  Lon.  Gent.  Mag.,  vol.  xlviii.; 
Nichols's  Atterbury. 

Hughes,  John.     Serm.,  <fec.,  1803,  '04,  both  8vo. 

Hughes,  John,  the  "Buller  of  Brazennose,"  (though 
really  of  Oriel,)  celebrated  in  Wilson's  Christopher  in  the 
Tent,  was  the  author  of  an  Itinerary  of  Provence  and  the 
Rhone  during  1819,  (1822,  8vo,  1829, 8vo,)  and  poetical  and 
other  compositions.  The  literary  merits  of  Hughes  are 
depicted  in  glowing  terms  by  Miss  Mitford  in  her  Recol 
lections  ;  and  a  still  greater  authority  has  lavished  his  en 
comiums  upon  the  Itinerary : 

"  A  poet,  a  draughtsman,  and  a  scholar,  who  gives  such  an  ani 
mated  description  of  Chateau  Qrignan,  the  dwelling  of  Madame 
de  SSvigne's  beloved  daughter,  that  no  one  who  has  ever  read  the 
book  would  be  within  forty  miles  of  the  same  without  going  a  pil 
grimage  to  the  spot."— SIR  WALTER  SCOTT. 

This  work  contains  thirteen  good  etchings  by  the  author; 
and  a  set  of  Views  in  Provence  and  on  the  Rhone,  r.  4to, 
illustrative  of  the  Itinerary,  was  engraved  by  W.  B.  Cooko. 


HUG 


HUI 


« Was  not  bis  Prorence  and  the  Rhone  almost  the  only  book 
ever  praised  in  the  Waverley  Novels?  [in  Quentin  Durward.]  D*es 
not  he  contrive  in  bis  journals  to  make  his  pen  do  double  duty  as 
Bketcher  and  writer  ?"— Miss  MITFORD  :  ubi  supra. 

Hughes,  the  Most  Rev.  John,  D.D.,  Archbishop 
of  the  Roman  Catholic  Church  in  New  York,  b.  in  the  North 
of  Ireland,  1798,  came  to  America  in  1817,  was  educated 
at  the  College  of  Mount  St.  Mary,  Emmetsburg,  Maryland ; 
ordained  in  1825,  and  shortly  afterwards  appointed  pastor 
of  a  church  in  Philadelphia;  Bishop-administrator  of  the 
Diocese  of  New  York,  1838 ;  Archbishop  of  the  R.  C.  Church 
in  New  York,  1850.  He  has  pub.  a  number  of  Sermons, 
Lectures,  Ac.,  principally  in  defence  of  his  ecclesiastical 
tenets.  His  discussion  with  the  Rev.  Dr.  Breckinridge,  a 
Presbyterian  divine,  on  the  R.  C.  Religion,  was  pub.  Phila., 
1836,  8vo,  his  Controversy  with  Senator  Brooks  on  the  pro 
prietorship  of  Church  property,  N.  York,  1855,  12mo,  and 
his  Review  of  the  Letters  of  Kirwan,  1855,  32mo. 

Hughes,  Joseph.     Serm.,  Ac.,  Lon.,  1802,  '04. 

Hughes,  Joseph,  Sec.  to  the  Brit,  and  For.  Bible  Soc. 
Funl.  Serm.  on  the  Rev.  John  Owen,  one  of  the  Secretaries 
of  the  Brit,  and  For.  Bible  Soc.,  on  Ps.  xxxiv.  13,  Lon., 
1822,  8vo.  See  a  Memoir  of  Mr.  Hughes  by  the  Rev.  J. 
Leifchild,  Lon.,  12mo. 

"What  a  loss  would  dear  Mr.  Hughes  be  to  the  Bible  Society, 
and  to  the  religious  world  in  general !  I  am  quite  of  opinion  with 
you,  that  the  admirable  temper  and  prudence  of  Mr.  Hughes  have 
been  as  serviceable  as  the  more  brilliant  talents  of  Mr.  Owen :  both 
admirable  men,— par  nobile  fratrum." — Rev.  Robert  Hall  to  Rev. 
James  Phillips,  Leicester,  March  6, 1818 :  Hall's  Works,  ed.  Lon., 
1863,  v.  517-518. 

Hughes,  J.  T.  Politics  of  England  and  France  at 
the  close  of  1797,  Lon.,  1797,  8vo. 

Hughes,  Lewis.    Theolog.,  Ac.  works,  Lon.,  1615-42. 

Hughes,  Michael.   Rebellion  of  1745, 8vo,  1746,  '47. 

Hughes,  Obadiah,  D.D.,  1695-1744,  a  Dissenting 
minister  at  Westminster.  Serms.,  1722-46. 

Hughes,  R.  E.  Two  Summer  Cruises  with  the  Baltic 
Fleet  in  1854-55;  being  the  Log  of  the  Pet;  with  Views 
and  Charts,  Lon.,  1855,  p.  8vo. 

"  Mr.  H.  tells  us  at  first-hand  of  Bomarsund  and  Sveaborg.  He 
sketches  sea  and  coast  life,  and  appears  to  be  a  man  whose  attain 
ments  fit  him  for  the  business." — Lon.  Athenceum. 

Hughes,  Capt.  R.  M.  Duties  of  Judge-Advocates, 
Lon.,  1855,  8vo. 

Hughes,  Rice.     Serms.,  Ac.,  1790-1803. 

Hughes,  Richard,  Surgeon.  1.  Hernia;  Med.  Com., 
1792.  2.  Diarrhoea;  Med.  Facts,  1795. 

Hughes,  Mrs.  S.  Friendly  Visits  from,  the  Muse; 
or,  The  Consolations  of  Solitude,  1810,  8vo. 

Hughes,  Samuel.  See  COVENTRY,  THOMAS,  No.  3; 
HARRISON,  S.  B.,  No.  2.  The  Index  of  the  two  former  and 
the  Digest  of  the  last  form  a  complete  Digest  of  English 
Common  Law  Reports. 

Hughes,  T.,  Surgeon.     Papers  in  Med.  Facts,  1792. 

Hughes,  T.  B.  1.  Rep.  of  Case  the  King  v.  Bebb, 
Ac.,  Lon.,  1811,  8vo.  2.  Friendly  Loan  Societies,  1841, 
12mo. 

Hughes,  T.  M.  1.  Revelations  of  Spain  in  1845; 
2d  ed.,  Lon.,  1845,  2  vols.  p.  Svo. 

"The  work  recently  published  in  London,  entitled  Revelations 
of  Spain,  contains  a  most  interesting  account  of  the  events  from 
the  fell  of  Espartero  to  the  present  day,  which  are  appreciated  in 
a  manner  worthy  of  the  subject  and  of  a  free  and  enlightened 
country." — Eco  del  Comercio,  of  Madrid. 

2.  The  Ocean  Flower;  a  Poem :  Preceded  by  an  Hist,  and 
Descrip.  Account  of  the  Island  of  Madeira,  1845,  12mo. 

u  We  can  cordially  recommend  it  to  all  who  are  interested  in 
the  island  of  Madeira,  as  being  the  pleasantest  book  hitherto 
written  on  this  'Flower  of  the  Ocean  and  Gem  of  the  Sea.'"— Lon. 
New  Quar.  Rev. 

3.  The  Biliad;    or,  How  to  Criticize;    3d  ed.,  1846,  fp. 
8vo.     4.  Iberia  Won  ;    a  Poem,  1847,  p.  8vo.     5.  Revela 
tions  of  Portugal,  and  Narrative  of  an  Overland  Journey 
to  Lisbon  ;  2d  ed.,  1847,  2  vols.  p.  Svo. 

"Mr.  Hughes's  volumes  are  full  of  entertainment,  and  contain 
much  valuable  information  on  the  real  state  of  the  Peninsula." — 
Britannia. 

£.  Portuguese  Perfidy  Exposed,  1848,  Svo. 

Hughes,  Thomas.  Arthur;  a  Trag.,  Lon.,  1587, 
Svo. 

Hughes,  Thomas.  The  Ascension;  a  Poetical 
Essay,  Lon.,  1780,  4to. 

Hughes,  Thomas  Smart,  D.D.,  became  Preb.  of 
Peterborough  in  1827.  1.  Belshazzar's  Feast;  a  Seatonian 
Prize  Poem,  1813.  2.  Travels  in  Sicily,  Greece,  and  Al 
bania,  Lon.,  1820,  2  vols.  4to,  with  fifteen  Maps  and 
Plates,  £5  5s.  New  ed.,  1830,  2  vols.  Svo,  £1  4s.  In  this 
edit,  the  large  plates  are  omitted.  See  Lon.  Lit.  Gaz., 
1830,  pp.  620-622. 

"  Classical,  antiquarian,  and  descriptive  of  the  state  of  society, 
political,  civil,  religious,  and  domestic ;  bearing  marks  of  much 


information  and  enquiry,  a  sound  judgment  and  good  education." 
Stevenson's  Voyages  and  Travels. 

3.  Divines  of  the  Church  of  England,  with   Summaries 
of  their  Discourses,  Notes,  Lives,  Ac.,  22  vols.  sin.  Svo : 
pub.  by  A.  J.  Valpy. 

"  No  divine,  no  student,  nay.  no  gentleman,  should  be  without 
It.  No  work  is  at  present  more  needed,  or  more  likely  to  secure 
at  once  the  extensive  circulation  that  it  deserves." — Lnn.  Sun. 

4.  Hist,  of  England,  from  the  Accession  of  George  III. 
to  the  Accession  of  Victoria,  1760-1837;    being  a  Con 
tinuation  of  Hume  and  Smollett,  1836,  7  vols.  Svo,  10s. 
&d.  each.     Again,  1847,  7  vols.  Svo,  10s.  6rf.  each.     New 
ed.,  with  the  author's  last  Corrections  and  Improvements, 
1856,  7  vols.  Svo,  10s.  6rf.  each ;  also  in  cr.  Svo,  4s.  each.  The 
new  ed.  of  the  History  of  England  just  pub.  (1856)  by  Bell 
and  Daldy,  Fleet  St.,  London,  in  18  vols.  cr.  Svo,  4s.  each, 
is  thus  arranged  : — vols.  i.-vi.,  Hume's  portion  ;  vols.  vii.- 
xi.,  Smollett's  portion ;  vols.  xii.-xviii.,  Hughes's  portion. 
The  edit.  (Valpy's,  also  pub.  by  Mr.  Bell)  which  preceded 
this  in  1848,  Ac.  is  in  21  vols.  Svo,  5s.  each;  viz. :  Hume, 
i.-viii. ;    Smollett,  ix.-xiii.;    Hughes,  xiv.-xxi.       There 
was  also  an  edit,  in  1854, 18  vols.  Svo.     Of  the  above  edits, 
either  portion  can  be  had  separately. 

"  Mr.  Hughes's  undertaking  was  one  of  no  mean  difficulty.  He 
has,  however,  executed  his  task  in  a  way  equally  honourable  to 
his  understanding  and  his  industry ;  and  the  result  is,  an  im 
partial  and  critical  history  of  one  of  the  most  important  epochs 
of  ancient  or  modern  times." — Lon.  Monthly  Mag. 

"The  author  appears  moderate  and  impartial  as  regards  opi 
nions.  He  seems  to  have  sought  after  his  facts  and  information 
with  pains-taking  industry,  and  to  have  combined  his  materials 
with  sufficient  skill ;  whilst  his  narrative  carries  us  smoothly  and 
quietly  along  without  excitement,  without  weariness." — Lvn. 
Spectator. 

5.  An  Essay  on  the  Political  System  of  Europe :    its 
Connexion  with  the  Government  of  G.  Britain,  and  the 
General  Policy  of  the  European  States,  1855,  12mo.    Pre 
fixed  to  this  vol.  is  a  Memoir  of  Dr.  Hughes's  ecclesiastical 
and  literary  life,  to  which   we  refer  the  reader.     See  a 
notice  of  the  last-named  work  in  the  London  Athenaeum, 
1855,  p.  291. 

Hughes,  Rev.  W.  1.  Tour  in  France  in  1802,  Lon., 
1803,  Svo.  2.  An  Elegy  on  Spencer  Perceval,  1812,  Svo. 

Hughes,  Wm.  The  Grand  Abridgt.  of  the  Law  Con 
tinued,  Lon.,  1660-62,  3  vols.  4to.  This  is  a  supp.  to  the 
earlier  abridgts.  It  is  good  authority.  Hughes  pub. 
other  law-books.  See  Watt's  Bibl.  Brit. 

Hughes,  Wm.  Serms.,  Ac.,  Lon.,  1652-96.  See  an 
account  of  this  author  and  his  works  in  Athen.  Oxon. 

Hughes,  Wm.  1.  Complete  Vineyard,  Lon.,  1670, 
Svo.  2.  American  Physician,  1672,  12rno.  3.  Flower- 
Garden,  1672,  1734, 12mo. 

Hughes,  Wm.     Serms.,  Ac.,  1749-1812. 

Hughes,  Wm.,  has  pub.  a  number  of  atlases  and 
valuable  geographical  works,  Lon.,  1841-56.  He  has  re 
cently  given  to  the  world  an  excellent  Atlas  of  Classical 
Geography,  edited  by  George  Long,  1854,  r.  Svo,  and  is 
now  (1856)  employed  upon  the  completion  of  the  lato 
Samuel  Maunder's  Treasury  of  Geography. 

Hughs,  Mrs.  Mary,  a  native  of  Newcastle-upon- 
Tyne,  England,  emigrated  to  Philadelphia  in  1S18,  and 
soon  became  favourably  known  as  the  proprietor  of  an 
Academy  for  Young  Ladies,  which  she  conducted  for 
twenty -one  years.  As  an  authoress  Mrs.  Hughs  is  widely 
known  by  Aunt  Mary's  Library  for  Boys  and  Girls,  10  vols. ; 
Ornaments  Discovered,  Stories  for  Children,  Emma  Morti 
mer,  Buds  and  Blossoms,  Ac.  She  has  been  a  contributor 
to  several  periodicals.  See  Mrs.  Hale's  Woman's  Record. 

Hughson,  D.,  LL.D.,  i.  e.  Dr.  Pugh.  1.  Hist.,  Ac. 
of  London,  Ac.,  Lon.,  1806-09,  6  vols.  Svo.  See  Upcott's 
Eng.  Topog.,  ii.  659-672.  2.  Privileges  of  London,  1816, 
12mo.  3.  Walks  through  London,  Westminster,  South- 
wark,  Ac.,  1817,  2  vols.  Svo;  also  on  large  paper  in  Svo, 
and  largest  paper,  r.  Svo,  See  Upcott's  Eng.  Top.,  iii. 
1478-1481. 

Hugo  Candidus,  d.  after  1155,  Sub-Prior  of  the 
Abbey  of  Peterborough,  is  known  as  an  author  by  his 
history  of  the  monastery  of  Peterborough,  pub.  in  Joseph 
Sparke's  collection,  Lon.,  1723,  fol.  See  Wright's  Biog. 
Brit  Lit,  Anglo-Norman  Period,  176-178. 

Hugo  of  Iiincoln.  Vitam,  ab  Adamo,  Ac.  See 
Darling's  Cyc.  Bibl.,  i.  1571-72. 

Hugo,  Minor.  1.  Hints  and  Reflections  for  Railway 
Travellers  and  others,  Lon.,  1843,  3  vols.  p.  Svo.  2.  Horse- 
Shoe  Nails,  1843,  12mo. 

Hugo,  T.     Serms.  on  the  Lord's  Prayer,  1854,  fp.  Svo. 

Huicke,  Wm.  The  Fourme  of  Common  Prayer 
vsed  in  the  Churches  of  Geneva,  Lon.,  1550,  Svo. 

Huidekoper,Frederic,b.  April  7,1817,atMeadville, 
Pa.  The  Belief  of  the  First  Three  Centuries  concerning 


HUI 


HUM 


Christ's  Mission  to  the  Underworld,  unpub.  edition,  Mead- 
ville,  1853,  Svo;  Bost.,  1854,  12mo.  Edited  Forest's  Hist, 
of  the  Trinity,  Meadville,  1853,  Svo;  Bost.,  1856,  12mo. 

Huie,  James.  Abridgt.  of  the  Stat.  rel.  to  Excise; 
3d  ed.,  Edin.,  1833,  8vo.  Obsolete. 

Huie,  James  A.  1.  Hist,  of  Christian  Missions, 
Lon.,  1842,  12mo. 

"  The  author  has  honourably  exerted  himself  to  procure  accu 
rate  information." — Lon.  Atlienceum. 

2.  Hist,  of  the  Jews;  2d  ed.,  1842,  fp.  Svo. 

"  A  trustworthy  history  of  the  modern  Jews."—  United  Secession 
Mag. 

3.  Records  of  Female  Piety,  1841,  fp.  8vo;    3d  ed., 
1848,  12rno. 

"  Mr.  Iluie's  Records  are  written  with  great  taste,  and  breathe 
a  spirit  of  genuine  piety." — Scottish  Guardian. 

JIu ise,  John*  Florilegium  PhrasicSn;  or,  a  Survey 
of  the  Latin  Tongue  according  to  the  elegancy  of  its 
prop'er  Dialect.  Enlarged  by  Alexander  Ross,  Lon.,  1659, 
Svo. 

Iluish,  Alexander,  Fellow  of  Magdalene  Coll., 
Oxf.,  Rector  of  Beckington  and  Hornblotton,  Somerset 
shire.  Lects.  upon  the  Lord's  Prayer,  Lon.,  1626,  4to. 
Respecting  this  learned  man,  who  stands  second  in  Bp. 
Walton's  acknowledgment  of  services  for  his  Polyglott, 
see  Wrangham's  Proleg.,  ii.  p.  203  ;  Todd's  Life  of  Walton, 
269,  <fcc.;  see  also  Mill,  1418;  Wetstein,  Proleg.,  pp.  8- 
20 ;  Woid,  ii.  19,  p.  17 ;  Spohn,  in  J.  Berriman's  Lects., 
ch.  ii.  Sec.  2,  p.  158;  Bliss's  Wood's  Athen.  Oxon.,  ii. 
207;  iii.  811. 

Hnish,  Francis.     Serm.,  Exeter,  1794,  4to. 

lluisli,  Robert,  has  pub.  several  works,  of  which 
the  following  are  the  best-known  : — 1.  Memoirs  of  Princess 
Charlotte,  Lon.,  1818,  Svo.  2.  Memoirs  of  George  IV., 
1830,  2  vols.  Svo.  3.  Voyage  of  Capt.  Sir  John  Ross  to 
the  Arctic  Regions  in  1829-33,  1835,  8vo.  Severely  cen 
sured  in  Lon.  Quar.  Rev.,  liv.  1-39.  4.  The  Natural 
Hist,  and  General  Management  of  Bees.  New  ed.,  1844, 
12mo. 

"  His  work  is  most  exact,  and  contains  much  solid  information." 
— Lrm.  Athenceum. 

Unit,  I ; phi  aim,  d.  1644,  minister  of  Windsor,  Conn., 
was  a  native  of  England,  and  for  some  time  preacher  at 
Roxhall,  Warwickshire.  Prophecie  of  Daniel  Explained, 
Lon.,  1643,  4to. 

"  And  Huet  had  his  arguing  strong  and  right."— JOHNSOW. 

Huit,  John.  Prayers  of  Intercession,  Lon.,  1659,  Svo. 

Hulbert,  Charles.  Museum  Asianum;  or,  Select 
Antiquities  of  the  Eastern  World,  Shrewsb.,  1822,  Svo. 

Hulbert,  Rev.  Daniel  P.  M.  Reciprocity  for 
1851;  or,  an  "Exhibition"  of  Humanity  and  Fraternity 
and  Divinity;  3d  ed.,  Cant.,  1851,  12mo.  Other  works. 

Hull,  Amos  G.  Treat,  on  the  Duties  of  Town  and 
County  Officers,  with  Statutes,  <fec.,  Albany,  1856. 

Hull,  John.  1.  Expos,  of  Chap.  3d  of  St.  Peter's  2d 
Epist,  Lon.,  1611,  4to.  2.  Christ's  Proclamation,  Ac., 
1613,  Svo.  3.  Expos,  of  Part  of  the  Lament  of  Jeremy, 
by  way  of  Lects.,  1618,  4to. 

Hull,  John,  M.D.,  of  Manchester,  pub.  several  pro 
fessional  works,  1792-1800,  and  (1.)  The  British  Flora, 
Manches.,  1799,  Svo.  2.  Elements  of  Botany,  Manches. 
and  Lon.,  1SOO,  2  vols.  Svo;  2d  ed.,  1S09,  2  vols.  Svo. 

Hull,  Richard.  Voyage  up  the  Gambia.  See 
Moore's  Travels,  p.  175. 

Hull,  Thomas,  1728-1808,  a  native  of  London,  an 
actor,  composed  and  altered  for  the  stage  nineteen  plays, 
and  pub.  a  novel,  tales,  <fec.,  Lon.,  1762-1801.  He  is  best 
known  by  his  poem  of  Richard  Plantagenet,  a  Legendary 
Tale,  1774,  4to,  and  Select  Letters  between  the  late  Duchess 
of  Somerset  and  others,  1778,  2  vols.  Svo.  See  Biog. 
Dramat. ;  Greaves's  Recollects,  of  Shenstone;  Pref.  to  the 
Select  Letters.  Hull  was  the  founder  of  the  Theatrical 
Fund. 

Hull,  William,  D.D.  1.  Serm.  on  Joel  ii.  12,  Lon., 
1612,  Svo.  2.  Six  Serms.,  1612,  Svo.  3.  Five  Serms., 
1615,  4to. 

Hull,  General  William,  d.  1825,  aged  72,  a  distin 
guished  officer  in  the  American  Revolutionary  Army,  was 
Governor  of  Michigan  Territory  from  1805  to  '14.  He 
surrendered,  with  2000  men,  at  Detroit,  to  the  British 
General  Brook,  Aug.  15,  1812,  for  which  he  was  tried  by  a 
court-martial  and  condemned  to  be  shot.  In  consideration 
of  his  former  services,  this  sentence  was  not  executed.  He 
pub.  a  Defence  of  himself  before  a  Court-Martial,  Bost, 
1814,  12mo  ;  and  Memoirs  of  the  Campaigns  of  the  North 
western  Army  of  the  U.  States  in  1812,  Svo,  1824.  To 
these  vols.  the  collector  of  American  History  must  add 
Revolutionary  Services  and  Civil  Life  of  Gen.  Wm.  Hull, 


from  1775-1805,  prepared  from  his  MSS.  by  his  daughter, 
Mrs.  Maria  Campbell ;  together  with  the  History  of  the 
Campaign  of  1812  and  Surrender  of  the  Post  at  Detroit, 
by  his  grandson,  James  Freeman  Clarke,  N.  York,  1848, 
Svo.  See  also  South.  Lit.  Mess.,  xiv.  319. 

Hull,  William.  1.  Six  Discourses,  Lon.,  1830,  Svo. 
2.  Ecclesiastical  Establishments  not  Inconsistent  with 
Christianity;  3d  ed.,  1847,  12mo.  Other  works. 

Hull,  William,  Jr.  Hist,  of  the  Glove  Trade,  Lon., 
I  1834,  Svo. 

Hull,  William  Winstanley,  of  Lincoln's  Inn,  late 
!  Fellow  of  Brazennose  Coll.,  Oxf.,  has  pub.  several  theolog. 
treatises,  Lon.,  1845,  &c. 

Hullah,  John,  b.  1812,  Worcester,  Eng.,  is  widely 
j  known  as  the  author  of  many  publications  on  the  science  and 
practice  of  music,  Lon.,  1842-57,  and  for  his  successful 
efforts  in  popular  musical  instruction. 

Hullock,  Sir  John,  1764-1829,  a  native  of  Barnard 

Castle,  Durham,  Baron  of  the  Ct,  of  Exchequer,  1823. 

The  Law  of  Costs  in  Civil  Actions  and  Criminal   Pro- 

j  ceedings,  Lon.,  1792,  Svo.    Appen.  to  Cases,  1796;  2d  ed. 

of  Law  of  Costs,  <fcc.,  1810,  2  vols.  Svo. 

"  A  stronger-headed  man  than  Baron  Hullock  was  never  known 
in  the  profession." — 4  Gar.  and  Payne's  Rep.,  406. 

Hulls,  Jonathan.  Machine  for  Vessels,  Lon.,  1C37, 
12ino. 

Hulme,  Nathaniel,  M.D.,  1732-1807,  a  native  of 
Yorkshire,  pub.  a  number  of  medical  treatises,  1765-1803, 
for  a  list  of  which  see  Watt's  Bibl.  Brit. 

Hulme,  Obadiah,  d.  at  London,  1791.  Historical 
Essay  on  the  English  Constitution. 

Huloet,  Richard.  Abece~darium  Anglico-Latin,  [Lat. 
and  Eng.  Diet.,]  Lon.,  1522,  fol.  Enlarged  and  corrected 
by  John  Higgins,  1572,  fol. 

"  Almost  a  new  [Higgins's  edit.]  book,  from  the  various  additions 
and  improvements  it  contains." — Bliss's  Wood's  Athen.  Oxon., 
1735,  q.  v. 

Hulse,  Georgie  A.  Sunbeams  and  Shadows,  and 
Buds  and  Blossoms,  N.  York,  1851,  16mo. 

Hulse,  Rev.  John,  1708-1790,  the  founder  of  the 
Hulsean  Lecture,  of  the  Univ.  of  Cambridge,  was  a  native 
of  Middlewich,  and  educated  at  St.  John's  College,  Camb, 
The  following  are  the  names  of  the  Lecturers  from  the 
commencement,  1820,  to  1852  : 


1820,  Chris.  Benson. 

1821,  Jas.  C.  Franks. 

1822,  Chris.  Benson. 

1823,  Jas.  C.  Franks. 

1824,  No  appointment 

1825,  No  appointment. 

1826,  T.  Chevallier. 

1827,  T.  Chevallier. 

1828,  No  appointment 

1829,  No  appointment. 

1830,  No  appointment 

1831,  J.  J.  Blunt. 

1832,  J.  J.  Blunt 

1833,  H.  John  Rose. 

1834,  No  appointment 

1835,  H.  Howarth. 


1837,  Rd.  Parkinson. 

1838,  Rd.  Parkinson. 

1839,  T.  T.  Smith. 

1840,  T.  T.  Smith. 

1841,  H.  Alford. 

1842,  H.  Alford. 

1843,  J.  H.  Marsden. 

1844,  J.  H.  Marsden. 

1845,  R.  C.  Trench. 

1846,  R.  C.  Trench. 
1S47,  C.  Wordsworth. 

1848,  C.  Wordsworth. 

1849,  W.  G.  Humphrey. 

1850,  W.  G.  Humphrey. 

1851,  Geo.  Currey. 

1852,  Geo.  Currey. 


1836,  H.  Howarth. 

The  subjects  of  the  above  Lectures,  with  an  account  of 
Mr.  Hulse's  bequest,  will  be  found  in  Darling's  Cyc.  Bibl., 
i.  1573-75.  See  BAMPTON,  REV.  JOHN;  BOYLE,  HON. 
ROBERT;  also  Lowndes's  Brit.  Lib.,  853-854;  and  the 
names  of  many  of  the  lecturers  in  this  Dictionary. 

Hulton,  E.  H.  The  Criminal  Law  of  England, 
Lon.,  12mo. 

Hulton,  W.  A.  Law  of  Convictions,  Lon.,  1835, 12mo. 

"This  book,  which  supplies  the  numerous  deficiencies  of  Paley, 
is  evidently  the  work  of  a  sound  session  lawyer." — No.  31  Law 
Mag.,  238. 

Humber,  W.  A  Prac.  Treatise  on  Cast  and  Wrought 
Iron  Bridges  and  Girders,  imp.  4to;  Pt  1,  Lon.,  Sept.  1856. 
To  be  completed  in  about  twenty  monthly  parts. 

Humberston,  H.  The  Sign  of  the  Cross;  a  Serm.  on 
Ezek.  v.  6.  In  Catholick  Serms.,  (Lon.,  1741,  2  vols.  8vo,) 
ii.  65. 

Hume. 

Hume. 

Hume. 
1816,  Svo. 

Hume,  A.,  M.D.    Medical  Assist,  Lon.,  1776,  12mo. 

Hume,  Sir  Abraham,  1748-9-1838,  a  naval  officer, 
wrote  a  short  treatise  on  improvement  in  naval  architec 
ture,  which  was  commended.  See  Lon.  Gent.  Mag.,  June, 
1838. 

Hume,  Rev.  Abraham,  LL.D.    The  Learned  Bo 
rn 


Horologes,  Ac.,  Par.,  1640,  Svo. 

Sacred  Succession,  1710,  Svo. 

Analysis  of  the  Water  at  Bridlington,  Lon., 


HUM 

oieties  and  Printing  Clubs  of  the  United  Kingdom,  Lon., 
1847,  p.  Svo;  2d  edit,  with  a  Supp.  by  A.  I.  Evans,  1853, 
p.  Svo. 

"  This  is  one  of  a  numerous  class  of  works  hastily  compiled 
and  written,  and,  as  a  natural  consequence,  full  of  errors."— Lon. 
Mhenceum,  1847,  733. 

The  censures  of  the  Athenaeum— a  portion  ot  which 
only  we  have  above  quoted — elicited  some  comments  from 
Dr.  Hume,  for  which  see  same  periodical,  1847,  p.  796. 
The  Lon.  Medical  Gazette  and  the  Lon.  Spectator  coin- 


HUM 

and  continuators  of  Hume's  History  are  Bisset,  Burke, 
Farr,  Hereford,  Hughes,  Jones,  Miller,  Mitchell,  Stebbing, 
Tallis,  and  Wright.  We  may  be  permitted  to  select  a  few 
edits,  of  the  History  for  special  notice,— viz. :  1.  1770,  8 
vols.  4to,  the  best  4to  edit.  2.  1778;  also  in  1786,  8  vols. 
Svo;  the  last  edit,  corrected  by  the  author.  3.  1789,  with 
Smollett,  13  vols.  Svo.  4.  1796,  13  vols.  Svo;  with  Por 
traits.  5.  1802,  13  vols.  Svo;  with  Portraits,  ft.  1803,  16 
vols.  8vo;  with  Portraits.  7. 1806,  70  Nos.  fol.  Bowyer's 
edit.,  at  £1  Is.  per  No.,  with  Portraits,  and  numerous  Illus- 


mend  the  work  in  high  terms. 

Hume,  Alexander,  1560  F-1609,  minister  of  Logic, 
grandson  of  Patrick  Hume,  fifth  Baron  of  Polworth,  pub. 
in  1599,  Edin.,4to,  a  book  entitled  Hymnes,  or  Sacred  Songs, 
portions  of  which  have  been  several  times  reprinted,  and 
the  whole  was  repub.  lately  by  the  Bannatyne  Club.  Of 
these  pieces,  the  Day  Estival  is  considered  the  most  beau 
tiful,  and  was  highly  commended  by  Dr.  Leyden  and  others. 
An  account  of  this  author  and  three  other  Alexanders 
Hume  will  be  found  in  Chambers  and  Thomson's  Biog. 
Diet,  of  Eminent  Scotsmen,  1855,  92-96.  Watt  ascribes 
to  this  writer  two  theolog.  treatises,  but  we  presume  them 
to  have  been  written  by  the  next-named  Alexander  Hume. 
Hume,  Alexander,  Master  of  the  High  School,  Edin., 
1596,  and  Rector  of  the  Grammar  Schools  of  Salt-Preston 
and  of  Dunbar.  Elementa  Grammatica,  Edin.,  1612,  sm. 
Svo.  He  also  wrote  some  theolog.  tracts :  see  above  article 
and  authorities  there  cited,  and  Lowndes's  Bibl.  Man.,  982. 
Hume,  Sir  Alexander.  Notices  of  the  Life  and 
Works  of  Titian,  Lon.,  1829,  imp.  Svo. 

Hume,  Anna,  the  daughter  of  David  Hume,  of  Gods- 
croft.  The  Triumphs  of  Love,  Chastity,  and  Death;  trans, 
from  Petrarch,  Edin.,  1644,  12mo. 

Hume,  David,  of  Godscroft,  the  author  of  The  His 
tory  of  the  House  and  Race  of  Douglas  and  Angus,  Edin., 
1644, fol.,  (1743,  2  vols.  12mo;  4th  ed.,  1748,  2  vols.  12mo,) 
is  supposed  to  have  been  born  about  1560.  He  also  wrote 
Apologia  Basilica,  Paris,  1626,  4to,  several  theolog.  trea 
tises,  and  a  number  of  Latin  poems,  some  of  which,  first 
pub.  separately,  were  afterwards  reprinted  in  Johnston's 
Deliciae  Poetarum  Scotorum.  In  1632,  Paris,  sm.  Svo, 
appeared  Humii  (Davidis)  Wedderburnensis,  Poemata  Om- 
nia,  accessere  ad  Finem  Unio  Britannica,  et  Preelium  ad 
Lipsiam  soluta  Oratione.  Contains  poems  addressed  to 
Q.  Elizabeth,  James  the  Sixth  of  Scotland,  Sir  Francis 
Walsingham,  Ac.  Constable's  copy  sold  for  £3.  An  ac 
count  of  this  author  will  be  found  in  Chambers  and  Thom 
son's  Biog.  Diet,  of  Eminent  Scotsmen,  1855,  iii.  96-102. 
See  also  Bp.  Nicolson's  Hist.  Lib.;  Marchand,  vol.  i. ; 
Biog.  Univ.;  Watt's  Bibl.  Brit.,  (Hume,  or  Home,  David;) 
Lowndes's  Bibl.  Man. 

Hume,  David,  April  26,  1711-August  25,  1776,  a 
native  of  Edinburgh,  was  the  second  son  of  Joseph  Hume, 
or  rather  Home,  of  Ninewells,  near  Dunse,  Scotland,  a 
descendant  of  the  Earl  of  Home.      The   subject  of  our 
notice,  after  an  unsatisfactory  attempt  to  master  the  study 
of  the  law,  and  a  like  unsuccessful  essay  (in  1734)  as  a 
merchant's  clerk  in  Bristol,  went  to  France,  with  the  de 
sign  of  pursuing  there,  in  an  economical  manner,  those 
literary  pursuits  in  which  alone  he  took  any  interest     In 
1737  he  came  to  London,  and  in  the  year  following  gave 
to  the  world  his  Treatise  of  Human  Nature.     This,  his 
first  publication,  was  not  successful;  but  it  is  difficult  to 
discourage  a  young  author  who  has  once  seen  his  compo 
sitions  in  print,  and  in  1741  appeared  his  Essays,  Moral 
and  Political.     This  work  met  with  more  favour,  and  he 
was  induced  to  follow  it  up  in  1748  with  Philosophical 
Essays  concerning  Human  Understanding,  (in  fact,  a  new 
edit,  of  the  first  part  of  his  Treatise  of  Human  Nature;) 
in  1751  with  An  Enquiry  concerning  the  Principles  of 
Morals;  in  1752  with  Political  Discourses;  and  in  1755 
with  The  Natural  Hist,  of  Religion,  Ac.     It  was  between 
the  dates  of  the  two  last-named  publications  that  Hume 
put  forth  the  first  vol.  of  the  work  by  which  his  name  will 
be  transmitted  to  the  latest  posterity.     The  publication  of 
the  History  of  England— 1st  ed.  in  6  vols.  4to,  Lon.— was 
as  follows  :— Vol.  I.  The  Reigns  of  James  I.  and  Charles  I., 
1754.     II.  The  Commonwealth,  and  the  Reigns  of  Charles 
II.  and  James  II.,  1756.     III.,  IV.  The  Reigns  of  Henry 
VII.,  Henry  VIII.,  Edward  VI.,  Queen  Mary,  and  Queen 
Elizabeth,  1759.      V.,  VI.  From  the  Invasion  of  Julius 
Caesar  to  the  Revolution  in  1688,  1761-62.     For  the  dates 
and  particulars  of  various  edits,  of  the  History  of  Eng 
land,  (the  Abridgments,  Continuations,  <fcc.,)  and  of  the 
other  publications  of  the  author,  the  reader  is  referred  to 
Watt's   Bibl.  Brit;   Lowndes's  Bibl.  Man.;  the  London 
catalogues  of  British  publications.     The  principal  editors 
914 


trations.  One  of  the  most  splendid  books  ever  pub.  Nov 
(1856)  worth  about  £7  to  £10.  8.  1807,  13  vols.  Svo  ;  with 
Portraits.  9.  1807, 13  vols.  Svo  ;  with  Portraits.  10.  1809, 
15  vols.  18mo.  11.  With  Smollett,  1826, 13  vols.  Svo  ;  with 
Portraits,  fac-similes  of  autographs,  &c.  50  copies  on 
large  paper,  £16  14».  Three  copies  on  tinted  paper.  12. 
With  Smollett,  J.  R.  Miller,  and  T.  Wright,  1836,  4  vols. 
Svo.  13.  With  Smollett,  and  Continuation  by  Stebbing, 
1S37,  20  vols.  Svo.  14.  With  Smollett,  and  Continuation 
by  Hughes.  See  HUGHES,  THOMAS  SMART,  D.D.  15. 
Hume,  with  Smollett,  and  Continuation  by  Farr,  1847,  3 
vols.  Svo.  16.  With  Smollett,  1848,  10  vols.  Svo.  In  ad 
dition  to  these  edits.,  all  pub.  in  Great  Britain,  many  havo 
been  issued  in  the  United  States  of  America,  &c.  Of 
Hume's  Philosophical  Works,  the  only  complete  edit,  until 
very  recently,  was  that  pub.  in  Edin.  in  1826,  4  vols.  Svo. 
"  Including  all  the  Essays,  and  exhibiting  the  more  important 
Alterations  and  Corrections  in  the  successive  Editions  published 
by  the  Author." 

New  edit,  pub.  by  Little,  Brown  &  Co.,  Bost,  1854,  4 
vols.  Svo,  pp.  cxv.  337,  552,  564,  580. 

In  vol.  i.  will  be  found  Hume/s  Autobiography,  his  Will, 
a  notice  of  his  last  illness,  by  Adam  Smith,  and  a  docu 
mentary  account  of  the  controversy — if  so  it  may  be  called 
— between  Hume  and  Rousseau. 

It  is  now  time  to  return  to  the  personal  history  of  the 
author,  preparatory  to  a  brief  examination  of  his  charac 
teristics  as  a  man  of  letters.  Although  the  first  vol.  of  the 
History  was  at  first  severely  censured,  and  then  almost 
entirely  neglected  by  the  public,  yet  the  appearance  of  his 
Dissertation  on  the  Natural  History  of  Religion  before  the 
publication  of  the  second  stimulated  the  languishing  curi 
osity  of  the  reading  world,  and  Hume  found  himself  at 
last  in  possession  of  that  literary  distinction  for  which  he 
had  long  pined  in  secret.  The  demand  for  the  succeeding 
vols.  was  so  great,  that  fortune  was  added  to  fame ;  and 
the  former  was  subsequently  augmented  by  several  diplo 
matic  and  other  political  appointments;  among  which  was 
the  Secretaryship  of  the  French  Embassy,  1763-65,  and 
the  post  of  Under-Secretary  of  State  under  General  Con- 
way,  1767-68.  In  1769  he  bade  adieu  to  public  life  and 
the  literary  circles  of  London,  and  returned  to  the  city  of 
his  birth,  doubtless  with  much  of  that  yearning  for  old 
scenes  and  old  friends  so  beautifully  described  by  the 
author  of  The  Deserted  Village.  He  returned  home,  he 
tells  us,  "very  opulent,"  for  he  "possessed  a  revenue  of 
£1000  a  year;  healthy,  and,  though  somewhat  stricken  in 
years,  with  the  prospect  of  enjoying  long  his  ease."  But, 
notwithstanding  the  natural  desire  of  the  philosopher 
"To  husband  out  life's  taper  at  the  close, 

And  keep  the  flame  from  wasting,  by  repose," 
his  days  had  now  approached  their  termination.  In  the 
spring  of  1775  he  was  attacked  with  a  disorder  of  the 
bowels,  which  gradually  sapped  his  strength,  and  resulted 
fatally  on  the  25th  of  August,  1776.  After  his  death  ap 
peared,  in  1779,  Svo,  his  Dialogues  concerning  Natural 
Religion  ;  and  in  1783,  12mo,  were  pub.  his  disgraceful 
Essays  upon  Suicide.  The  mischievous  effects  of  these 
unphilosophical  speculations,  therefore,  were  thus  ex 
tended,  to  the  injury  of  others,  after  the  author  had  gone 
to  his  account.  The  excellence  of  Hume's  character  as  a 
man  has  been  so  well  described  by  Mr.  Mackenzie,  in  the 
story  of  La  Roche,  (see  The  Mirror,  Nos.  42,  43,  44,)  and 
so  unequivocally  attested  by  Adam  Smith  and  other  con 
temporaries,  that  it  is  quite  unnecessary  to  enlarge  upon 
this  head.  In  the  autobiography  from  which  we  havo 
quoted  above,  the  reader  will  be  often  reminded — notwith 
standing  the  more  ambitious  style  of  the  Historian  of 
Rome — of  the  charming  narration  of  Gibbon  of  the  inci 
dents  of  his  own  life. 

We  have  now  to  consider  the  subject  of  our  notice,  first, 
in  the  character  of  a  Mental  and  Moral  Philosopher; 
secondly,  in  that  of  a  Political  Philosopher  and  Political 
Economist;  and,  thirdly,  in  that  of  a  Historian.  It  is 
hardly  necessary  to  remind  the  reader  that  all  that  can 
justly  be  expected  of  us,  in  the  limits  to  which  we  are 
necessarily  circumscribed,  is  an  indication  of  the  best 
sources  of  knowledge  respecting  the  authors  of  whom  we 


HUM 


HUM 


ge 

lo 


treat,  and  brief  citations  of  the  recorded  opinions  of  emi 
nent  authorities  in  the  same  departments  of  learning 
which  the  former  have  cultivated. 

HUME  AS  A  MENTAL  AND  MORAL  PHILOSOPHER. 

Of  Hume's  Essays,  Moral  and  Metaphysical,  Lord 
Brougham  remarks  : 

"To  refuse  these  well-known  Essays  the  praise  of  great  sub- 
tilty,  much  clever  argument,  some  successful  sarcasm,  and  very 
considerable  originality,  is  impossible  ;  but  a  love  of  siugularity, 
au  aversion  to  agree  with  other  men,  and  particularly  with  the 
bulk  of  the  people,  prevails  very  manifestly  throughout  the 
work  ;  and  we  may  recollect  that  it  is  the  author's  earliest  pro 
duction,  the  Treatise  on  Human  Nature,  which  formed  the  basis 
of  the  whole,  having  been  written  before  his  six-and-twentieth 
year,  at  an  age  when  the  distinction  of  differing  with  the  world. 
the  boldness  of  attacking  opinions  held  sacred  by  mankind  at 
large,  is  apt  to  have  most  charms  for  vain  and  ambitious  minds. 
"  Accordingly,  he  finds  all  wrong  in  the  opinions  which  men 
nerally  entertain,  whether  upon  moral,  metaphysical,  or  theo 
gical  subjects,  and  he  pushes  bis  theories  to  an  extreme  point 
in  almost  every  instance.  ...  As  for  his  Inquiry  concerning  the 
Principles  of  Morals,  of  which  he  had  himself  formed  so  high  an 
estimate,  this  is  indeed  a  very  excellent  work,  and  appears  well  to 
deserve  the  opinion  pronounced  upon  it  by  the  author,  although 
his  Political  Discourses  may  be  superior  in  the  originality  and 
importance  of  their  views.  .  .  .  There  is  in  this  treatise  a  copious 
ness  and  felicity  of  illustration  rarely  anywhere  else  to  be  found; 
and  it  is  full  of  learned  allusions  and  references,  showing  the 
various  and  extensive  reading  in  which  he  had  indulged.  Nor  is 
it  the  least  remarkable  feature  of  the  work,  that,  though  preferred 
by  him  before  all  the  other  productions  of  his  genius,  it  contains 
nothing  at  all  even  bordering  upon  sceptical  opinions."  —  Life  of 
Hume,  in  Lives  of  Men  of  Letters  of  the  Time  of  George  III.,  Lon. 
and  Gias.,  1855. 

"It  was  in  his  twenty-seventh  year  that  Mr.  Hume  published 
at  London  the  Treatise  of  Human  Nature,  the  first  systematic 
attack  on  all  the  principles  of  knowledge  and  belief,  and  the  most 
formidable,  if  universal  scepticism  could  ever  be  more  than  a  mere 
exercise  of  ingenuity.  .  .  .  The  great  speculator  did  not  in  this 
work  amuse  himself,  like  Bayle,  with  dialectical  exercises,  which 
only  inspire  a  disposition  towards  doubt,  by  showing  in  detail 
the  uncertainty  of  most  opinions.  He  aimed  at  proving,  not  that 
nothing  was  known;  but  that  nothing  could  be  known  from 
the  structure  of  the  Understanding,  to  demonstrate  that  we  are 
doomed  forever  to  dwell  in  absolute  and  universal  ignorance. 
....  The  Inquiry  [Concerning  the  Principals  of  Morals]  affords 
perhaps  the  best  specimen  of  his  style.  ...  In  substance,  its 
chief  merit  is  the  proof,  from  an  abundant  enumeration  of  par 
ticulars,  that  all  the  qualities  and  actions  of  the  mind  which  are 
generally  approved  by  mankind  agree  in  the  circumstance  of  being 
useful  to  society.  ...  On  purity  of  manners,  it  must  be  owned 
that  Mr.  Hume,  though  he  controverts  no  rule,  yet  treats  vice 
vith  too  much  indulgence."  —  SIR  JAMES  MACKINTOSH  :  Dissert,  on 
Ethical  Philos.,  prefixed  to  Encyc.  Brit.  ;  also  in  his  Miscell.  Works, 
Lon.,  1854,  vol.  i. 

"  From  what  has  been  already  said,  it  may  be  seen  that  we  are 
not  to  look  in  Mr.  Hume's  Treatise  [of  Human  Nature]  for  any 
regular  or  connected  system.  It  is  neither  a  scheme  of  Material 
ism  nor  a  scheme  of  Spiritualism;  for  his  reasonings  strike 
equally  at  the  root  of  both  these  theories.  His  aim  is  to  establish 
a  universal  scepticism,  and  to  produce  in  the  reader  a  complete 
distrust  in  his  own  faculties.  .  .  .  With  the  single  exception  of 
Bayle,  he  has  carried  this  sceptical  mode  of  reasoning  farther  than 
any  other  modern  philosopher."  —  DCGALD  STEWART  :  Prelim.  Dis 
sert.  to  Encyc.  Brit.,  and  in  his  Works. 

"The  centre  of  Hume's  philosophizing  is  his  criticism  of  the 
conception  of  cause.  Locke  had  already  expressed  the  thought 
that  we  attain  the  conception  of  substance  only  by  the  habit  of 
always  seeing  certain  modes  together.  Hume  takes  up  this 
thought  with  earnestness.  Whence  do  we  know,  he  asks,  that 
two  things  stand  to  each  other  in  the  relation  of  cause  and 
effect  ?  .  .  .  .  There  needs  no  further  proof  than  simply  to  utter 
these  chief  thoughts  of  Hume,  to  show  that  his  scepticism  is  only 
a  logical  carrying  out  of  Locke's  empiricism.  Every  determina- 
tion  of  universality  and  necessity  must  fall  away,  if  we  derive 
our  knowledge  only  from  perceptions  through  the  senses;  these 
determinations  cannot  be  comprised  in  sensation."  —  Dr.  Albert 
Schwegler's  Hist,  of  Philos.;  trans,  by  J.  H.  Seelye,  New  York, 
1856. 

"  Hume,  the  most  subtle,  if  not  the  most  philosophical,  of  the 
deists  ;  who,  by  perplexing  the  relations  of  cause  and  effect,  boldly 
aimed  to  introduce  a  universal  scepticism,  and  to  pour  a  mOre 
than  Egyptian  darkness  into  the  whole  region  of  morals."  — 
ROBERT  HALL  :  Modern  Infidelity  Considered  :  Works,  Lon.,  1853, 
vol.  i. 

"Dr.  Reid  rendered  good  service  to  the  cause  of  truth,  in  op 
position  to  the  sceptical  philosophy  of  Hume,  who  dexterously 
availed  himself  of  the  authority  of  Locke  in  the  support  of  his 
own  mischievous  dogmas."  —  Dr.  E.  WMiams's  Christian  Preacher, 
Lon.,  1843. 

"  That  scepticism  is  the  real  result  of  the  theory  we  have  now 
described  [Locke's  Ideal  System]  is  seen  from  the  use  that  has 
been  actually  made  of  it.  Berkeley  drew  from  it  his  arguments 
against  the  existence  of  the  material  world,  and  Hume  based 
upon  the  same  the  principles  by  which  he  sought  to  involve  the 
•whole  superstructure  of  human  knowledge,  from  its  very  founda 
tions,  in  one  scene  of  doubt  and  confusion.  .  .  .  Reid,  in  his  early 
life,  had  been  a  complete  believer  in  this  representative  theory, 
and  had  leaned  strongly  to  Berkleianism,  as  the  natural  result  ; 
but  when  Mr.  Hume's  Treatise  on  Human  Nature  came  forth  to 
the  world,  and  he  saw  the  consequences  to  which  the  whole  theory 
must  ultimately  tend,  he  began  to  inquire  within  himself  whether 
that  theory  were  really  a  true  one.  This  inquiry,  according  to 


his  own  account,  he  carried  on  perpetually  for  above  forty  years, 
and  never  could  gain  any  affirmative  evidence  on  the  question 
except  the  mere  dictum  of  philosophers.  .  .  .  The  philosophy  of 
Hume,  as  a  whole,  originated  and  fell  with  himself.  A  more  par 
tial  and  less  daring  scepticism  might  probably  have  gained  many 
followers ;  but  it  is  the  inevitable  result  of  every  system  professing 
universal  unbelief,  to  destroy  itself.  The  man  who  by  any  pro 
cess  of  reasoning  involves  every  portion  of  human  knowledge  in 
doubt,  instead  of  persuading  any  one  to  follow  his  conclusions, 
does  little  more  than  controvert  his  own  principles  by  a  reductio 
ad  absurdum."— Mm-ell's  Hist,  of  Mod.  Philos.,  Lon.,  1847. 

See  also  Cousin's  Hist,  of  Mod.  Philos. ;  Levves's  Hist, 
of  Philos.  ;  C.  S.  Henry's  Hist,  of  Philos. ;  Blakey's  Hist. 
of  Philos. ;  Wm.  Archer  Butler's  Lects.  on  Ancient  Philos.  j 
Sir  Wm.  Hamilton's  Discuss,  on  Philos.  and  Lit. ;  Lyall'a 
Agonistes,  and  his  Review  of  the  Principles  of  Necessary 
and  Contingent  Truth;  Lon.  Quar.  Rev.,  Ixxiii.  536, 
Ixxviii.  75, — both  articles  by  Mr.  Lake;  Eclec.  Rev.,  4th 
Ser.,  xx.  317 ;  Index  to  Blackw'.  Mag.,  vols.  i.-l. 

In  our  life  of  Jeremy  Bentham,  in  this  Dictionary,  we 
have  briefly  noticed  the  famous  doctrine  of  Utility,  of  - 
which  Hume  was  one  of  the  first  and  most  distinguished 
teachers. 

Before  leaving  this  branch  of  our  subject,  it  may  be  ex 
pected  that  we  should  make  some  comments  on  that 
unfortunate  production  of  our  author's, — the  Essay  on 
Miracles ;  but  a  natural  reluctance  to  dwell  on  the  folliea 
to  which  even  great  minds  are  but  too  prone  would  in 
dispose  us  to  linger  upon  the  recollection  of  this  melan 
choly  example  of  intellectual  sophistry  and  literary  dis 
honesty,  had  we  not  already  treated  the  subject  at 
sufficient  length  in  the  previous  pages  of  this  work.  The 
reader  is  referred  to  the  article  on  ADAMS,  WM.,  D.D.,  (the 
friend  of  Johnson;)  CAMPBELL,  GEORGE,  D.D.:  DOUGLAS, 
TOHN;  Leland's  Deistical  Writers;  Works  of  Wm.  Ellery 
Channing;  Works  of  Mr.  Paley ;  Lowndes's  Brit.  Lib., 
933,  982-984,  991-1001 ;  Remarks  upon  the  Nat.  Hist, 
of  Religion,  by  Mr.  Hume,  <fcc.,  by  S.  T.,  Lon.,  1758,  8voj 
and  many  of  the  authorities  cited  above  and  below. 
This  matter  may  be  very  well  dismissed  with  the  sensible 
reflections  of  Sir  Walter  Scott,  in  his  account  of  the  Life 
and  Writings  of  the  historian's  friend,  John  Home : 

"  The  celebrated  David  Hume,  the  philosopher  and  historian, 
was  certainly  the  most  distinguished  person  in  the  cycle,  [the 
literary  society  of  Scotland.]  That  he  was  most  unhappy  in 
permitting  the  acuteness  of  his  talents,  and  the  pride  arising 
fiom  the  consciousness  of  possessing  them,  to  involve  him  in  a 
maze  of  sceptical  illusions,  is  most  undeniable,  as  well  as  that 
he  was  highly  culpable  in  giving  to  the  world  the  miserable  re 
sults  of  his  leisure." 

HUME  AS  A  POLITICAL  PHILOSOPHER  AND  POLITICAL 

ECONOMIST. 

Here  our  citations  must  necessarily  be  very  brief;  but 
they  will  be  found  to  be  of  the  most  unequivocal  clra- 
racter. 

"Of  the  Political  Discourses  it  would  be  difficult  to  speak  iu 
terms  of  too  great  commendation.  They  combine  almost  every 
excellence  which  can  belong  to  such  a  performance.  .  .  .  The 
great  merit,  however,  of  these  discourses,  is  their  originality,  and 
the  new  system  of  politics  and  political  economy  which  they  un 
fold.  Mr.  Hume  is,  beyond  all  doubt,  the  author  of  the  modern 
doctrines  which  .now  rule  the  world  of  science,  which  are  to  a 
great  extent  the  guide  to  practical  statesmen,  and  are  only  pre 
vented  from  being  applied  in  their  fullest  extent  to  the  affairs  of 
nations,  by  the  clashing  interests  and  the  ignorant  prejudices  of 
certain  powerful  classes;  for  no  one  deserving  the  name  of  legis 
lator  pretends  to  doubt  the  soundness  of  the  theory,  although 
many  hold  that  the  errors  of  our  predecessors  require  a  slow 
recourse  to  right  principle  in  conducting  the  practical  business 
of  the  world.  It  is  certain  that  Dr.  Smith's  celebrated  work,  with 
all  its  great  merits,  is  less  of  a  regular  system  than  the  detached 
essays  of  Mr.  Hume.  The  originality  of  the  latter's  opinions  is 
wholly  undeniable:  they  were  published  full  fourteen  years  be 
fore  the  Wealth  of  Nations." — LORD  BROUGHAM  :  ubi  supra. 

One  of  the  most  eminent  of  modern  Political  Econo 
mists  remarks  that  Hume's 

"Essays  on  Commerce,  Interest,  Balance  of  Trade,  Money, 
Jealousy  of  Trade,  and  Public  Credit,  display  the  same  felicity 
of  style  and  illustration  that  distinguish  the  other  works  of  their 
celebrated  author.  His  views  of  the  commercial  intercourse  thatv 
should  subsist  among  nations  are  alike  enlightened  and  liberal ; 
and  he  has  admirably  exposed  the  groundlessness  of  the  pre 
judices  then  entertained  against  a  free  intercourse  with  France, 
and  the  fear  of  being  deprived,  were  commercial  restraints  abo 
lished,  of  a  sufficient  supply  of  bullion.  The  masterly  essay  on 
the  Population  of  Ancient  Nations  will  be  noticed  in  another 
part  of  this  work.  .  .  .  Hume  and  Smith  saw  and  pointed  out 
the  injurious  operation  of  the  Methuen  treaty,  and  exposed  the 
absurdity  of  our  sacrificing  the  trade  with  France  to  that  of  so 
beggarly  a  country  as  Portugal."— McCulloch's  Lit.  ofPolit.  JEcon., 
Lon.,  1845. 

"The  political  discourses  of  Hume  are  the  best  models  we  have 
of  the  reasoning  that  belongs  to  subjects  of  this  nature.  They 
best  admonish  us  of  the  slow  step  with  which  we  should  advance, 
and  the  wary  distrust  with  which  we  should  look  around  before 
we  think  that  we  have  reached  a  maxim  in  politics,— that  is,  a 


HUM 


HUM 


general  principle  on  the  steady  efficiency  of  -which,  in  real  prac 
tice,  we  may  always  depend.  .  .  .  And  here  I  would  recommend 
to  my  readers  one  of  the  essays  of  Mr.  Hume, — that  on  the  Popu- 

lousness  of  Ancient  Nations The  laws  of  Henry  the  Seventh 

merit  the  consideration  of  the  student.  It  was  the  intention  of 
these  laws  to  advance  the  husbandry,  manufactures,  and  general 
commerce  of  the  country.  The  observations  of  Lord  Bacon,  and 
the  subsequent  criticisms  of  Hume,  will  afford  the  student  a 
lesson  in  that  most  difficult  and  important  of  all  practical  sciences, 
the  science  of  political  economy.  ...  A  great  part  of  Smith's 
reasonings  [in  the  3d  Book  of  the  Wealth  of  Nations]  had  ap 
peared  in  the  History  of  Hume.  These  two  eminent  philosophers 
— for  on  the  subjects  of  political  economy  and  morals  they  deserve 
the  name — had,  no  doubt,  in  their  mutual  intercourse  enlightened 
and  confirmed  the  inquiries  and  conclusions  of  each  other." — 
Prof.  Smyth's  Lects.  an  Mod.  Hist. 

"  Hume  was  gifted  with  admirable  sagacity  in  political  economy ; 
and  it  is  the  good  sense  and  depth  of  his  views  on  that  important 
subject,  then  for  the  first  time  [in  his  History  of  England]  brought 
to  bear  on  the  annals  of  man,  that  has  chiefly  gained  for  him,  and 
with  justice,  the  character  of  a  philosophic  historian." — SIR.  ARCHI 
BALD  ALISON  :  Essays,  Polit.,  Histor.,  and  Miscell.,  Edin.  and  Lon., 
1850,  iii.  78. 

HUME  AS  A  HISTORIAN. 

We  have  already  noticed  the  severe  censure  elicited  by 
the  publication  of  the  first  vol.  of  the  History  of  England, 
and  the  still  more  provoking  neglect  by  vr Inch  this  censure 
was  succeeded.  The  expressed  opinions  of  the  few  who 
ventured  to  read  the  book  were  certainly  ill  calculated  to 
encourage  the  ambition  of  the  aspiring  author.  But  no 
one  can  tell  the  story  so  well  as  the  historian  himself: 

"  In  1752  the  Faculty  of  Advocates  chose  me  their  librarian, 
an  office  for  which  I  received  little  or  no  emolument,  but  which 
gave  me  the  command  of  a  large  library.  I  then  formed  the  plan 
of  writing  the  History  of  England;  but,  being  frightened  with 
the  notion  of  continuing  a  narrative  through  a  period  of  seventeen 
hundred  years,  I  commenced  with  the  accession  of  the  House  of 
Stuart,  an  epoch  when  I  thought  the  misrepresentations  of  faction 
began  chiefly  to  take  place.  I  was,  I  own,  sanguine  in  my  ex 
pectations  of  the  success  of  this  work.  I  thought  that  I  was  the 
only  historian  that  had  at  once  neglected  present  power,  interest, 
and  authority,  and  the  cry  of  popular  prejudices;  and,  as  the  sub 
ject  was .  suited  to  every  capacity.  I  expected  proportional  ap 
plause.  But  miserable  was  my  disappointment :  I  was  assailed 
by  one  cry  of  reproach,  disapprobation,  and  even  detestation; 
English,  Scotch,  and  Irish,  whig  and  tory,  churchman  and  sectary, 
freethinker  and  religionist,  patriot  and  courtier,  united  in  their 
rage  against  a  man  who  had  presumed  to  shed  a  generous  tear  for 
the  fate  of  Charles  I.  and  the  Earl  of  Stratford ;  and  after  the  first 
ebullitions  of  their  fury  were  over,  what  was  still  more  mortifying, 
the  book  seemed  to  sink  into  oblivion.  Mr.  Millar  told  me,  that 
in  a  twelvemonth  he  sold  only  forty-five  copies  of  it.  I  scarcely, 
indeed,  heard  of  one  man  in  the  three  kingdoms,  considerable  for 
rank  or  letters,  that  could  endure  the  book.  I  must  only  except 
the  primate  of  England,  Dr.  Herring,  and  the  primate  of  Ireland, 
Dr.  Stone,  which  seem  two  odd  exceptions.  These  dignified  pre 
lates  separately  sent  me  messages  not  to  be  discouraged." — Hume's 
Autobiography,  pub.  in  1777,  by  Mr.  Strahan,  and  since  prefixed 
to  the  Hist,  of  Eng.,  his  Philosophical  Works,  &c. 

Mr.  Ritchie  (in  his  Life  of  Hume)  tells  us  that,  after  a 
diligent  search  into  the  literary  history  of  the  period,  be 
has  been  unable  to  discover  any  trace  of  that  universal 
outcry  which  Hume  complains  of.  But  doubtless  the 
author  heard  more  than  any  one  else  did;  much  that  was 
said  was  never  recorded;  and  of  the  last  a  large  portion 
may  be  presumed  to  have  perished  or  to  be  buried  in  for 
gotten  archives.  With  the  reception  of  the  second  vol.  of 
his  History  the  author  had  greater  reason  to  be  satisfied : 
"This  performance,"  he  tells  us,  "happened  to  give 
less  displeasure  to  the  Whigs,  and  was  better  received.  It 
not  only  rose  itself,  but  helped  to  buoy  up  its  unfortunate 
brother."  As  his  reputation  as  a  literary  man  was  now 
well  established,  the  remaining  vols.  were  received  with 
avidity,  and  those  already  pub.  brought  prominently  into 
notice :  the  sale  was  sufficiently  large,  he  informs  us,  to 
render  him  not  only  "independent,  but  opulent."  "Not 
withstanding  the  variety  of  winds  and  seasons  to  which 
my  writings  have  been  exposed,  they  have  still  been 
making  such  advances,  that  the  copy-money  given  me 
by  the  booksellers  much  exceeded  any  thing  formerly 
known  in  England." 

It  is  now  time  to  examine  into  the  merits  and  demerits 
of  a  work  which  has  so  long  held,  and  which  promises 
ever  to  hold,  a  prominent  place  in  the  front  rank  of  Eng 
lish  literature.  If  we  were  obliged  to  compress  into  the 
limits  of  a  single  sentence  the  characteristics  of  Hume's 
History  of  England,  we  suppose  that  the  following  would 
be  considered  an  impartial  statement : — Beauty  of  style, 
carelessness  of  facts,  and  intolerance  of  spirit.  Hume 
was  too  fastidious  to  be  inelegant,  too  indolent  to  be 
accurate,  too  bigoted  to  be  impartial.  His  chagrin  when 
obliged  to  stop  the  press  to  make  important  corrections 
on  the  appearance  of  Murdin's  State  Papers,  and  his 
mortification  at  being  obliged  to  write  to  Robertson 
respecting  the  same  affair,  "  we  are  all  in  the  wrong," 
were  necessary  consequences  of  that  haste  which  would 
916 


not  examine,  and  that  ignorance  which  would  not  learn. 
It  is  declared  that  certain  manuscripts  had  been  spread 
out  for  his  inspection  at  the  State-Paper  Office  for  a  whole 
fortnight,  but  he  never  mustered  sufficient  courage  to  un 
dertake  the  dreaded  investigations. 

''Satisfied  with  the  common  accounts,  and  the  most  obvious 
sources  of  history,  when  librarian  at  the  Advocates'  Library, 
where  yet  may  be  examined  the  books  he  used,  marked  by  his 
hand,  he  spread  the  volumes  about  the  sofa,  from  which  he  rarely 
rose  to  pursue  obscure  inquiries  or  delay  by  fresh  difficulties  the 
page  which  every  day  was  growing  under  his  charming  pen.  A 
striking  proof  of  his  careless  happiness  I  discovered  in  his  never 
referring  to  the  perfect  edition  of  Whitelocke's  Memorials  of  1702, 
but  to  the  old  truncated  and  faithless  one  of  1682." — True  Sources 
of  Secret  History;  in  Disraeli's  Curiosities  of  Literature,  ed.  Lon., 
1851,  p.  514. 

"  Hume  often  puts  the  names  of  the  monkish  writers  in  his 
margin ;  but  I  fear  all  he  knew  of  them  was  through  the  media 
of  other  writers.  He  has  some  mistakes  which  could  not  have 
occurred  had  he  really  consulted  the  originals.  .  .  .  Hume  is  cer 
tainly  an  admirable  writer;  his  style  bold,  and  his  reflections 
shrewd  and  uncommon ;  but  his  religious  and  political  notions 
have  too  often  warped  his  judgment." — Dr.  Kichard  Farmer's 
Letter  to  a  Friend  on  the  Study  of  English  History,  in  Goodhugh's 
Lib.  Man.,  43. 

"  Hume  was  far  too  careless  a  writer,  even  if  the  taste  of  the 
public  in  his  time  had  required  it,  to  trouble  himself  with  the 
minute  labour  necessary  for  this  kind  of  investigation.  Accord 
ingly,  the  reader  finds  little  in  his  pages  to  bring  him  acquainted 
with  the  antiquarian  details  of  history."— Edin.  Jfev.,  Ixxiv.  432. 
"Hume  was  not,  indeed,  learned  and  well-grounded  enough 
for  those  writers  and  investigators  of  history  who  judged  his 
works  from  the  usual  point  of  view,  because  he  was  not  only 
negligent  in  the  use  of  the  sources  of  history,  but  also  superfi 
cial."—  Schlosser's  Hist,  of  the  18tfi  Cent.,  Davison's  trans.,  Lon., 
1844.  ii.  78. 

"In  his  treatment  of  the  elder  periods  of  the  English  history, 
he  is  quite  unsatisfactory  and  meagre :  he  had  no  love  for  its 
antiquities,  and  could  not  transport  himself  back  into  the  spirit 
of  remote  ages." — SchlegeVs  Lects.  on  the  Hist,  of  Lit.;  English 
trans.,  Phi  la.,  1854,  331. 

"The  author,  indeed.' wanted  that  resolute  spirit  of  industry 
and  research  which  alone  can  lead  an  historian  to  become 
thoroughly  acquainted  with  the  valuable  writers  of  the  Middle 
Ages."— Dibdin's  Lib.  Coinp.,  Lon..  1825,  244. 

"  He  was  far  too  indolent  to  acquire  the  vast  store  of  facts  indis 
pensable  for  correct  generalisation  on  the  varied  theatre  of  human 
affairs,  and  often  drew  hasty  and  incorrect  conclusions  from  the 
events  which  particularly  came  under  his  observation." — SIR 
ARCHIBALD  ALISON  :  Essays,  Polit..  Histor.,  and  Miscell.,  1850,  iii.  78. 
Sir  Archibald  proceeds  to  adduce  an  example  of  the 
errors  to  which  he  refers,  which  example  we  shall  pre 
sently  quote  from  the  History  of  Europe,  1789-1815. 

The  remarks  which  we  have  just  quoted  are  preceded 
by  some  observations  which  we  feel  unwilling  to  omit. 
Sir  Archibald  gives  his  predecessor  full  credit  for  his 
sagacity  as  a  political  economist,  (quoted  above,)  his 
ability  as  a  political  commentator  and  as  a  delineator  of 
manners,  his  eloquence  as  an  orator,  (in  his  glowing  pages,) 
and  his  skill  as  a  debater,  but  continues: 

"But,  notwithstanding  all  this,  Hume  is  far  from  being  gifted 
with  the  philosophy  of  history.  He  has  collected  or  prepared 
many  of  the  facts  necessary  for  the  science,  but  he  has  made  little 
progress  in  it  himself.  He  was  essentially  a  sceptic.  He  aimed 
rather  at  spreading  doubts  than  shedding  light.  Like  Voltaire 
and  Gibbon,  he  was  scandalously  prejudiced  and  unjust  on  the 
subject  of  religion;  and  to  write  modern  history  without  correct 
views  on  that  subject  is  like  playing  Hamlet  without  the  character 
of  the  Prince  of  Denmark." 

These  comments  were  originally  published  in  Black- 
wood's  Magazine,  (in  an  article  on  Guizot,)  in  Dec.  1844, 
and  the  reader  will  perhaps  be  surprised  to  find  the  fol 
lowing  reflections  from  the  same  critic,  published  in  The 
Foreign  and  Colonial  Review,  (in  an  article  on  Michelet's 
France,)  in  April  of  the  same  year: 

"  Considered  as  calm  and  philosophic  narratives,  the  histories  of 
Hume  and  Robertson  will  remain  as  standard  models  for  every 
future  age.  The  just  and  profound  reflections  of  the  former,  the 
inimitable  clearness  and  impartiality  with  which  he  has  summed 
up  the  arguments  on  both  sides,  on  the  most  momentous  questions 
which  have  agitated  England,  as  well  as  the  general  simplicity, 
uniform  clearness,  and  occasional  pathos,  of  his  story,  must  forever 
command  the  admiration  of  mankind.  In  vain  we  are  told  that 
he  is  often  inaccurate,  sometimes  partial ;  in  vain  are  successive 
attacks  published  on  detached  parts  of  his  narrative,  by  party  zeal 
or  antiquarian  research  :  his  reputation  is  undiininfshed :  succes 
sive  editions  issuing  from  the  press  attest  the  continued  sale  of  his 
work ;  and  it  continues  its  majestic  course  through  the  sea  of  time, 
like  a  mighty  three-decker,  which  never  even  condescends  to  notice 
the  javelins  darted  at  its  sides  from  the  hostile  canoes  which  from 
time  to  time  seek  to  impede  its  progress."— Reprinted  in  Essays, 
Edin.  and  Lon.,  1850,  iii.  419-420. 

We  could  not  in  fairness  omit  the  above  eulogy,  as  we 
profess  to  give  both  sides  of  a  question,  even  when  both 
are  ably  represented  by  the  same  impartial  champion. 

"I  have  already  adverted  to  Gardiner's  resolute  assertion  of  the 
law  against  the  prince's  single  will,  as  a  proof  that,  in  spite  of 
Hume's  preposterous  insinuations  to  the  contrary,  the  English 
monarchy  was  known  and  acknowledged  to  be  limited.  .  .  .  The 
misrepresentations  of  Hume  as  to  the  English  constitution  under 


HUM 


HUM 


Elizabeth,  and  the  general  administration  of  her  reign,  have 
been  exposed,  since  the  present  chapter  was  written,  by  Mr. 
Brodie,  in  his  History  of  the  British  Empire  from  the  Accession 
of  Charles  I.  to  the  Restoration,  vol.  i.  c.  3.  In  some  respects, 
Mr.  B.  seems  to  have  gone  too  far  in  an  opposite  system,  and  to 
represent  the  practical  course  of  government  as  less  arbitrary 
than  I  can  admit  it  to  have  been." — Hallam's  Constit.  Hist,  of 
Eng.,  ed.  Lon.,  1854,  vol.  i.  chap.  v.  p.  279,  n. ;  284,  n. 

"Since  I  drew  up  this  lecture,  a  work  has  been  published  by 
Mr.  Brodie  of  Edinburgh.  It  is  not  well  written  in  point  of  style, 
and  the  author  must  be  considered  as  a  writer  on  the  popular 
side,  but  he  is  a  man  of  research  and  independence  of  mind.  It 
is  a  work  of  weight  and  learning,  and  it  appears  to  me  forever 
to  have  damaged,  and  most  materially  damaged,  the  character  of 
Mr.  Hume  as  an  accurate  historian." — Prof.  Smyth's  Lects.  on 
Mod.  Hist. ;  Lect.  V. 

See  an  elaborate  review  of  Brodie's  History  (Edin., 
1822,  4  vols.  8vo)  in  the  Edin.  Rev.,  xl.  92-146. 

"Hume  is  convicted  [by  Mr.  Brodie]  of  so  many  inaccuracies 
and  partial  statements,  that  we  really  think  his  credit  among  his 
torians  for  correctness  of  assertion  will  soon  be  nearly  as  low  as 
it  has  long  been  with  theologians  for  orthodoxy  of  belief."— Edin. 
Rev.,  ubi  supra. 

It  is  alleged  that  Hume,  merging  the  character  of  the 
historian  into  that  of  the  apologist,  was  resolved  at  all 
events  to  make  out  a  fair  case  for  the  Stuarts : 

"  It  is  a  piece  of  whining  cant,  and  nothing  better,  for  Hume  to 
represent  all  parties  of  his  day  as  being  '  fired  to  madness  against 
him  for  presuming  to  shed  a  generous  tear  for  the  fate  of  Charles 
I.  and  the  Earl  of  Stratford.'  No  one  ever  found  fault  with  the 
historian  for  shedding  '  a  decent  tear'  to  the  memory  of  the  bril 
liant  though  unprincipled  courtier,  and  his  infatuated  master. 
But  he  must  have  known  well  that  the  causes  of  indignation 
found  in  his  volume  were  the  false  pretences  put  forth  on  behalf 
of  these  men.  It  was  Hume's  object  to  canonize  them,  and  he 
did  not  scruple  either  to  mutilate  or  to  pervert  the  truth,  when 
necessary  for  his  purpose.  Mr.  Brodie  has  very  ably  and  labo 
riously  exposed  the  mean  artifices  to  which  this  would-be- ingenuous 
historian  has  had  recourse,  in  order  to  give  the  wished-for  tone 
and  colouring  to  documents  which  he  durst  not  quote  entire." — 
Cunningham's  Biog.  Hist,  of  Eng.,  Lon.,  1852,  vi.  106. 

In  Prof.  Smyth's  5th  Lect.  on  Mod.  Hist.,  also,  will  be 
found  instances  cited  of  Hume's  "inaccurate  representa 
tion  of  the  very  authorities  he  quotes."  Gilbert  Stuart 
refers  to  this  subject  with  no  little  warmth  : 

"From  its  beginning  to  its  conclusion  it  [Hume's  History]  is 
chiefly  to  be  regarded  as  a  plausible  defence  of  prerogative.  As  an 
elegant  and  spirited  composition,  it  merits  every  commendation. 
But  no  friend  to  humanity,  and  to  the  freedom  of  this  kingdom, 
will  consider  his  constitutional  inquiries,  with  their  effect  on  his 
narrative,  and  compare  them  with  the  ancient  and  venerable 
monuments  of  our  story,  without  feeling  a  lively  surprise  and  a 
patriot  indignation." 

"Rapin  and  Hume  are  our  two  great  historians.  But  it  is 
Hume  who  is  read  by  every  one.  Hume  is  the  historian  whose 
views  and  opinions  insensibly  become  our  own.  He  is  respected 
and  admired  by  the  most  enlightened  reader;  he  is  the  guide  and 
philosopher  of  the  ordinary  reader,  to  whose  mind,  on  all  the 
topics  connected  with  our  history,  he  entirely  gives  the  tone  and 
the  law.  On  every  account,  therefore,  I  shall  dedicate  the  re 
mainder  of  this  lecture  chiefly  to  the  consideration  of  his  work, 
that  your  confidence  may  not  be  given  too  implicitly,  and  that 
while  you  feel,  as  you  ought  to  do,  the  charm  of  his  composition, 
the  charm  of  what  Gibbon  called  so  justly  his  careless  and  inimit 
able  beauties,  you  may  be  aware  also  of  the  objections  that  cer 
tainly  exist  to  the  general  tendency  and  practical  effect  of  his 
representations.  ...  It  is  understood,  indeed,  by  every  reader — it 
has  been  proclaimed  by  many  writers — that  Hume  always  inclines 
to  the  side  of  prerogative ;  that,  in  his  account  of  the  Stuarts,  his 
History  is  little  better  than  an  apology  ;  his  pages  are  therefore 
read,  in  this  part  of  his  work  at  least,  with  something  of  distrust, 
and  his  representations  are  not  considered  as  decisive." — Prof. 
Smyth's  Lects.  on  Mod.  Hist. ;  Lect.  V.  , 

"  Had  he  written  without  any  such  views,  [predilections  for  the 
Stuarts  and  the  Tories.]  he  might  have  attained  to  an  eminence 
far  beyond  that  which  he  has  reached,  and  descended  to  posterity 
not  as  the  first  of  all  party  writers  of  history,  but  as  the  author 
of  a  truly  great  natural  work,  the  spirit  and  excellence  of  which 
should  have  been  equally  admired  and  appreciated  by  all  the 
English."— FREDERICK  SCHLEGEL:  Lects.  on  History  of  Lit. 

"No  one  can  be  surprised  if  in  so  short  a  time  allotted  to  the 
•whole  work  far  more  attention  was  given  to  the  composition  of 
the  narrative  than  to  the  preparation  of  the  materials.  It  was 
altogether  impossible  that  in  so  short  a  period  the  duty  of  the 
historian  should  be  diligently  performed.  The  execution  of  the 
work  answers  to  the  mode  of  its  performance. 

"But,  if  the  History  be  not  diligently  prepared,  is  it  faithfully 
•written?  There  are  numberless  proofs  of  the  contrary;  but  we 
have  the  most  express  evidence  in  the  author's  own  statement  to 
prove  this  position." — Lord  Brougham's  Life  of  Hume,  in  the  Lives 
of  Men  of  Letters  of  the  Time  of  George  III..  Lon.  ahd'Glas.,  1855, 
182-183. 

One  of  the  most  eminent  of  our  modern  historians  con 
siders  that  he  has  caught  Hume  tripping  in  the  reflection 
quoted  below : 

"  It  is  observed  by  Mr.  Hume,  that  actions  at  sea  are  seldom  if 
ever  so  decisive  as  those  on  land  :  a  remark  suggested  by  the  re 
peated  indecisive  actions  between  the  English  and  Dutch  in  the 
reign  of  Charles  II.,  but  which  affords  a  striking  proof  of  the 
danger  of  generalising  from  too  limited  a  collection  of  facts.  Had 
he  extended  his  retrospect  farther,  he  would  have  observed  that 
the  most  decisive  and  important  of  all  actions  recorded  in  history 


have  been  fought  at  sea." — SIR  ARCHIBALD  ALISON  :  Hist,  of  Europe) 
1789-1815,  N.  York,  1856,  ii.  340-341. 

See  ante,  p.  916,  and  see  Alison's  Essays,  Edin.  and 
Lon.,  1850,  iii.  78. 

The  same  distinguished  authority  joins  in  the  general 
commendation  of  the  charms  of  Hume's  style : 

"The  immortal  narrative  of  Hume.  .  .  .  Hume,  whose  simple 
but  profound  history  will  be  coeval  with  the  long  and  eventful 
thread  of  English  story."— Hist,  of  Europe,  1789-1851,  i.  151 ;  1815- 
!  52,  iii.  361. 

We  entirely  coincide  with  this  assertion :  Hume  will 
j  always  be  read,  in  spite  of  his  carelessness,  in  spite  of  his 
errors,  and  even  in  spite  of  his  perversions.  Nine  readers 
seek  amusement  where  one  seeks  instruction,  and  even 
the  tenth  man  will  not  neglect  Hume;  nor  can  he  safely 
be  neglected. 

"  The  accuracy  of  Hume,"  remarks  an  eminent  legal  authority 

!  of  America,  "  in  respect  of  the  two  first  princes  of  the  house  of 

Stuart,  has  been  severely  attacked  by  G.  Stuart,  Whitaker,  Brodie, 

and  others;  but  his  charming  style,  his  profound  sagacity,  and 

j  his  philosophical  reflections,  clothe  his  great  work  with  irresistible 

I  attractions." — CHANCELLOR  KENT. 

"  It  is,  I  submit,"  says  Dr.  Dibdin,  "  in  the  reign  of  ELIZABETH 
that  the  true  genius  of  Hume  may  be  said  to  shine  forth.  Here 
we  have  pathos  and  argument,  vigorous  delineation  of  character 
and  statesmanlike  views  of  policy :  but  the  reign  of  Elizabeth 
was  worthy  of  the  exercise  of  such  talents." — Lib.  Contp.,  ed. 
1825,  244-245. 

Dr.  Johnson,  certainly  no  admirer  of  Hume  in  any  of 
his  characters  save  that  of  a  tory,  evinced  his  usual  con 
tempt  of  popular  opinions  by  declaring  against  the  much- 
lauded  style  of  the  historian  : 

"  The  conversation  now  turned  upon  Mr.  David  Hume's  style. 
JOHNSOX,  '  Why,  sir,  bis  style  is  not  English ;  the  structure  of 
his  sentences  is  French.  Now,  the  French  structure  and  the 
English  structure  may  in  the  nature  of  things  be  equally  good. 
But  if  you  allow  that  the  English  language  is  established,  he  is 
wrong.  My  name  might  originally  have  been  Nicholson  as  well 
as  Johnson;  but  were  you  to  call  me  Nicholson  now,  you  would 
call  me  very  absurdly.' " — BosweWs  Life  of  Johnson,  ed.  Lon., 
1847,  150. 

This  quotation  may  remind  the  reader  of  the  criticism  of 
a  celebrated  reviewer  of  our  own  day.  Commenting  on  the 
literature  of  "the  reigns  of  the  first  two  Georges,  and  the 
greater  part  of  that  which  ensued,"  Lord  Jeffrey  remarks : 

"  The  name  of  Hume  is  by  far  the  most  considerable  which 
occurs  in  the  period  to  which  we  have  alluded.  But,  though  his 
thinking  was  English,  his  style  is  entirely  French;  and,  being 
naturally  of  a  cold  fancy,  there  is  nothing  of  that  eloquence  or 
richness  about  him  which  characterizes  the  writings  of  Taylor, 
and  Hooker,  and  Bacon,  and  continues,  with  less  weight  of  matter, 
to  please  in  those  of  Cowley  and  Clarendon." — Review  of  the  Works 
of  Swift,  in  Edin.  Rev.,  Sept.  1816,  and  in  Contrib.  to  'Edin.  Rev., 
Lon.,  1853,  77. 

Prof.  Smyth's  reflections  in  his  22d  Lecture  upon  the 
Reign  of  William  III.  will  be  cordially  endorsed  by  the 
vast  majority  of  historical  students: 

"  And  now,  when  we  enter  upon  the  reign  of  William,  we  have 
no  longer  the  assistance  of  the  philosophic  Hume.  Wre  have  no 
longer  within  our  reach  those  penetrating  observations,  those 
careless  and  inimitable  beauties,  which  were  so  justly  the  delight 
of  Gibbon,  and,  with  whatever  prejudices  they  may  be  accom 
panied,  and,  however  suspicious  may  be  those  representations 
which  they  sometimes  enforce  and  adorn,  still  render  the  loss  of 
his  pages  a  subject  of  the  greatest  regret,  and  leave  a  void  which 
it  is  impossible  adequately  to  supply." — Lects.  on  Mod.  Hist. 

"The  triumvirate  of  British  historians,  Hume,  Robertson,  and 
Gibbon,  who  exemplified  in  their  very  dissimilar  styles,  the  triple 
contrast  and  harmony  of  simplicity,  elegance,  and  splendour." — 
JAMES  MONTGOMERY  :  Lects.  on  Mod.  Eng.  Lit. 

We  extract  the  following  lines  from  Gibbon's  Auto 
biography,  as  furnishing,  in  connexion  with  the  preceding 
quotation,  a  curious  instance  of  coincidence  : 

"  The  candour  of  Dr.  Robertson  embraced  his  disciple.  A 
letter  from  Mr.  Hume  overpaid,  the  labour  of  ten  years;  but 
I  have  never  presumed  to  accept  a  place  in  the  triumvirate  of 
British  historians." 

Gibbon's  epigrammatic  description  of  the  style  of  the 
two  historians  with  whom  his  name  is  so  often  associated 
has  been  already  referred  to  more  than  once,  and  may 
here  be  properly  quoted  : 

"  The  perfect  composition,  the  nervous  language,  the  well-turned 
periods  of  Dr.  Robertson,  inflamed  me  to  the  ambitious  hope  that 
I  might  one  day  tread  in  his  footsteps:  the  calm  philosophy,  the 
careless  inimitable  beauties  of  his  friend  and  rival,  often  forced  me 
to  close  the  volume  with  a  mixed  sensation  of  delight  and  de 
spair."—  Ubi  supra. 

ComparisonSjWell  worthy  of  perusal,  between  the  histories 
of  Gibbon,  Robertson,  and  Hume,  will  be  found  in  Schlos- 
ser's  History  of  the  18th  Century,  in  Frederick  Schlegel's 
Lects.  on  the  History  of  Literature,  and  (by  Wm.  Gifford) 
in  the  London  Quarterly  Review,  vol.  xii.  369-375.  These 
critiques  we  had  intended  to  quote  in  this  article,  but  we 
have  already  transcended  our  limits.  We  may  remark, 
in  brief,  that  Schlegel  and  Gifford,  without  the  least  hesi 
tation,  assign  the  priority  in  merit  to  Hume:  and  Schlosser 
i  seems  inclined  to  award  a  similar  judgment.  In  our  life 

917 


HUM 


HUM 


of  THOMAS  CARTE,  (p.  347,)  we  have  indicated  the  source 
to  which  Hume  was  perhaps  principally  indebted  for  what 
the  lawyers  would  call  the  "  learning  of  his  history." 

The  many  authorities  already  noticed  by  us  must  be  con 
sulted  by  the  historical  student,  and  he  must  not  neglect 
to  add  the  following  to  his  list  of  references : — 1.  Letters  on 
Mr.  Hume's  History  of  Great  Britain,  by  Dan.  Macqueen, 
D.D.,  Edin.,  1756,  8vo.  2.  Observations  on  Hume's  His 
tory  of  England,  by  Joseph  Towers,  LL.D.,  Lon.,  1778, 
8vo.  3.  The  Life  of  David  Hume,  written  by  himself, 
pub.  by  Adam  Smith,  with  a  Supp.,  1777,  '89, 12mo.  4.  An 
Account  of  the  Life  and  Writings  of  David  Hume,  by  T.  E. 
Ritchie,  1807,  8vo.  See  No.  34.  5.  Private  Correspondence 
of  David  Hume  with  several  distinguished  Pei'sons,  1761- 
76,  4to,  1820.  6.  Letters  of  David  Hume,  edited  by  Dr. 
Murray,  1842,  Svo.  7.  Hume's  Life  and  Correspondence, 
edited  by  John  Hill  Burton,  [q.  v.  in  this  Dictionary,]  from 
the  Papers  bequeathed  by  his  Nephew  to  the  Royal  Society 
of  Edin.,  and  other  Original  Sources,  1846,  2  vols.  Svo  ; 
1850,  Svo.  8.  Letters  of  Eminent  Persons  addressed  to 
David  Hume,  1849,  Svo ;  also  edited  by  Mr.  Burton.  This 
vol.  must  accompany  the  two  preceding.  9.  Lon.  Quar. 
Rev.,  Ixxviii.  40.  This  is  a  review  of  No.  7.  10.  Edin.  Rev., 
Ixxxv.  1.  11.  N.  Brit.  Rev.,  vii.  288.  12.  Dubl.  Univ. 
Mag.,  xxvii.  356,  576.  13.  Westm.  Rev.,  xlvi.  144.  14. 
Lon.  Athenaeum,  1846,  261,  289.  15.  N.  York  Eclec.  Mag., 
viii.  80,  258.  Nos.  11-15  are  reviews  of  No.  7.  16.  Lon. 
Athenaeum,  1849,  114.  This  is  a  review  of  No.  8.  17. 
Lon.  Gent.  Mag.,  April,  1849.  This  is  a  review  of  Nos. 
7  and  8.  18.  Edin.  Monthly  Rev.,  v.  127.  19.  Lon.  Month. 
Rev.,  xcvii.  347.  Nos.  18  and  19  are  reviews  of  No.  5. 
20.  Disraeli's  Miscellanies  of  Literature.  21.  Disraeli's 
Calamities  of  Authors.  22.  Disraeli's  Quarrels  of  Authors. 
23.  Disraeli  on  the  Literary  Character.  24.  Smith's  Wealth 
of  Nations,  McCulloch's  ed.  of  1850.  25.  Keddie's  Cyc. 
of  Lit.  and  Scientific  Anec.  26.  Arvine's  Cyc.  of  Anec. 
of  Lit.  and  the  Fine  Arts.  27.  Green's  Diary  of  a  Lover 
of  Lit.,  in  Lon.  Gent.  Mag.,  Jan.  1834.  28.  Goodhugh's 
Eng.  Gent.  Lib.  Man.  29.  Index  to  vol.  i.  Encyc.  Brit. 
30.  Hazlitt's  First  Acquaintance  with  the  Poets.  31.  Me- 
moires  et  Corresp.  de  Mad.  D'Epinay.  32.  Lawrence's 
Lives  of  the  British  Historians.  33.  Chambers  and  Thom 
son's  Biog.  Diet,  of  Eminent  Scotsmen.  34.  Foster's  Es 
says,  1856,  i.  95-110.  This  is  a  review  of  No.  4.  35.  N. 
Amer.  Rev.,  Ixix.  537,  (by  Francis  Bowen.)  36.  Phila. 
Analec.  Mag.,  i.  377.  37.  New  Englander,  i.  167,  by  J.  Mur 
doch;  and  the  following  Lives  in  this  Dictionary  : — CARTE, 
THOMAS;  CLARKE,  JAMES  STANIER;  GIBBON,  EDWARD. 
The  reader  will  understand  that  in  the  above  reference  to 
authorities  previously  enumerated,  therefore  not  repeated 
in  the  list  just  given,  we  mean  to  include  all  of  the  autho 
rities  noticed  in  the  course  of  this  article. 

Whilst  it  is  deeply  to  be  regretted  that  Hume's  literary 
vanity  and  unphilosophical  thirst  after  notoriety  so  often 
betrayed  him  into  speculations  whose  practical  effect  is  to 
eradicate  the  first  principles  and  the  last  hopes  of  morality 
and  religion,  we  are  pleased  to  be  able  to  quote,  for  the 
encouragement  of  our  studious  readers,  a  reflection  which 
has  doubtless  stimulated  many  to  days  and  nights  of 
mental  labour  and  intellectual  toil: 

"  Such  a  superiority  do  the  pursuits  of  literature  possess  above 
every  other  occupation,  that  even  he  who  attains  but  a  mediocrity 
iu  them  merits  the  pre-eminence  above  those  that  excel  the  most 
in  the  common  and  vulgar  professions." — History  of  England: 
Reign  of  James  I. 

Hume,  David,  1765-1838,  Baron  of  the  Exchequer 
in  Scotland,  and  nephew  of  the  preceding.  1.  Commen 
taries  on  the  Law  of  Scotland  resp.  the  Descrip.  and  Pun 
ish,  of  Crimes,  Edin.,  1797,  2  vols.  4to;  Supp.,  1814,  4to; 
2d  ed.,  1819,  2  vols.  4to;  3d  ed.,  1829,  2  vols.  4to;  4th  ed., 
with  Supp.  and  Notes,  by  B.  R.  Bell,  1845,  2  vols.  4to, 
£4  4s.  A  most  valuable  work.  See  1  Edin.  Law  Jour., 
485;  83  Edin.  Rev.,  196-223. 

"A  great  work  of  original  thought."— Lord  Cbclcburn's  Memo 
rials  of  his  Own  Time,  Lon.,  1856. 

2.  Commentaries  on  the  Law  of  Scotland  respecting 
Trial  for  Crimes,  1800,  2  vols.  4to.  Respecting  Baron 
Hume,  see  Lon.  Gent.  Mag.,  Nov.  1838;  Lord  Cockburn's 
Memorials  of  his  Own  Time.  See  also  preceding  article, 
Nos.  7  and  8. 

Hume,  Francis,  M.D.    See  HOME. 

Hume,  Gustavus.  Med.  treatises,  1802,  '04,  both  Svo 

Hume,  J.  D.,  1774-1842.  1.  Thoughts  on  the  Corn- 
Laws,  1815.  2.  Laws  of  the  Customs,  1835,  Svo. 

Hume,  Jac.     Pantaleonis  Vaticinia  Satyra,  Rothm 
1633,  12mo. 

Hume,  John.     Serm.,  Ac.,  1670,  '76. 

Hume,  John,  D.D.,  d.  1782,  Preb.  of  Westminster; 


Canon-Residentiary  of  St.  Paul's  ;  Bishop  of  Bristol,  1 758  ; 
trans,  to  Oxford,  1758;  trans,  to  Salisbury,  1766.  Five 
Serms.,  pub.  separately,  1747,  '57,  '58,  '62,  all  4to. 

Hume,  John, M.D.  Fevers  of  W.  Indies,Lon.,1778,8vo. 

Hume,  John.     Serins.,  Edin.,  1775,  Svo. 

Hume,  Joseph,  M.P.,  1777-1855,  an  eminent  Eng 
lish  statesman,  pub.  several  political  speeches  and  some 
literary  productions.  See  Watt's  Bibl.  Brit.;  Men  of  the 
Time,  Lon.,  1852;  Lon.  Gent.  Mag.,  April,  1855;  Index 
to  Blackw.  Mag.,  vols.  i.-l. 

Hume,  Patrick,  a  schoolmaster  of  London,  was  the 
author  of  Annotations  on  Milton's  Paradise  Lost,  pub.  in 
the  6th  edit.,  1695,  fol.,  by  Jacob  Touson. 

"  This  very  elaborate  commentary  may  be  considered  as  the  firs* 
attempt  to  illustrate  an  English  classic  by  copious  and  continued 
notes."— DR.  DRAKE. 

"Judging  by  his  notes,  which  are  exceedingly  curious  and 
learned,  he  appears  to  have  been  a  man  of  cultivated  taste,  and 
very  extensive  erudition." — Blackw.  Mag.,  iv.  658-662,  q.  v.  for 
an  exposition  of  the  plagiarisms  from  Hume,  by  John 
Callander,  in  his  annotations  to  the  First  Book  of  Para 
dise  Lost,  pub.  by  Foulis  of  Glasgow  in  1750.  See  also 
CALLANDER,  JOHN;  Chambers  and  Thomson's  Biog.  Diet, 
of  Eminent  Scotsmen,  1855,  iii.  144;  Warton's  Notes  to  his 
ed.  of  Milton's  lesser  Poems  ;  Todd's  ed.  of  the  Poet.  Works 
of  Milton.  Bishop  Newton  highly  commends  Hume's 
annotations. 

"  The  truth  is  that  this  now-unknown  and  forgotten  individual, 
who  would  not  even  place  his  name  before  his  work,  [his  signature 
is  P.  H.  <t>iXoTroiriTr)s,]  deserves,  in  point  of  erudition,  good  taste, 
and  richness  <5f  classical  illustration,  to  be  ranked  as  the  father  of 
that  style  of  comparative  criticism  which  has  been  so  much  em 
ployed,  during  these  later  days,  in  illustrating  the  works  of  our 
.  Mag.,  ubi , 


Chancery  Delays  and  their  Remedy, 


great  poet." — Black 

Hume,  R.  M 

Lon.,  1830,  Svo. 

Hume,  Sophia.  Theolog.  treatises,  1751,  '66.  See 
Darling's  Cyc.  Bibl.,  i.  1578  ;  Rich's  Bibl.  Amer.  Nova,ii.441. 

Hume,  Tobias.  1.  First  Booke  of  Ayres,  French, 
Pollish,  and  others  together,  1605.  2.  Poeticall  Musicke, 
Lon.,  1607,  fol. 

Hume,  Wm.     The  Priesthood,  Lon.,  1710,  Svo. 

Humfray,  Rev.  Francis.  Thoughts  on  Happiness; 
a  Poem,  1818,  Svo. 

Humfray,  Nathaniel.     Poetical  Sketch,  1802,  Svo. 

Humfredus,  Anylice  Humphrey. 

Humfries,  Isaac.  Inflammation  ;  Phil.  Trans.,  1794. 

Humpage,  Benj.     Med.  treatises,  1789,  '94. 

Humphrey,  Old,  i.  e.  Mr.  George  Mogridge,  of 
London,  d.  1854,  was  the  author  of  many  interesting  reli 
gious  books  and  essays,  intended  especially  for  the  young, 
which  enjoyed  an  extensive  popularity.  Old  Humphrey's 
Works;  (volumes  sold  separately,  18mo:) — Observations; 
Walks  in  London;  Old  Sea-Captain;  Pithy  Papers;  Ad 
dresses;  Homely  Hints;  Grandparents;  Pleasant  Tales; 
Thoughts;  Country  Strolls  ;  Isle  of  Wight;  N.  Amer.  In 
dians.  See  Memoirs  of  Old  Humphrey,  pub.  by  the  Lon. 
Religious  Tract  Society,  and  by  the  Amer.  S.  S.  Union. 
Also,  his  Life,  Character,  and  Writings,  by  Chas.  Williams, 
with  portrait  on  steel,  Lon.,  1857.  Mogridge  borrowed  the 
name  of  Peter  Parley  in  the  title-pages  of  seven  of  his 
books,  (not  included  in  the  list  just  given,) — historical, 
geographical,  <fcc., — of  which  the  true  Peter  Parley  com 
plains  with  justice.  See  S.  G.  Goodrich's  Recollections, 
1856,  ii.  553-554. 

Humphrey,  Charles.  Collec.  of  Prac.  Forms  in 
Suits  of  Law,  Albany,  1845,  2  vols.  Svo. 

Humphrey,  George.  Con.  to  Trans.  Linn.  Soc.,  1789. 

Humphrey,  Heman,  D.D.,  a  Presbyterian  divine, 
President  of  Arnherst  College,  1823-45.  1.  Tour  in  France, 
Great  Britain,  and  Belgium,  N.  York,  1838,  2  vols.  12mo. 
2.  Domestic  Education,  Amherst,  ISmo.  3.  Letters  to  a 
Son  in  the  Ministry,  1842.  See  N.  York  Lit.  and  Theolog. 
Rev.,  i.  31;  N.  Haven  Chris.  Month.  Spec.,  viii.  428. 

Humphrey,  John.  Theolog.  treatises,  Lon.,  1652-80. 

Humphrey,  Laurence,  1527P-1590,  a  learned  di 
vine,  educated  at  Cambridge  and  Oxford;  Queen's  Prof, 
of  Divinity  at  Oxford,  1560;  President  of  Magdalene 
Coll.,  Oxf.,  1561;  Dean  of  Gloucester,  1570;  Dean  of 
Winchester,  1580.  He  pub.  a  number  of  serms.,  treatises 
against  Campian  the  Jesuit,  and  other  works,  1558-88,  for 
an  account  of  which  see  Athen.  Oxon.  See  also  Fuller's 
Abel  Redivivus;  Strype's  Cranmer;  Strype's  Parker. 

"Humphrey  was  a  great  and  general  scholar,  an  able  linguist, 
a  deep  divine ;  and  for  his  excellence  of  style,  exactness  of  method, 
and  substance  of  matter  in  bis  writings,  went  beyond  most  of  our 
theologists." — WOOD. 

"Dr.  Humphrey  had  read  more  fathers  than  Campian  the  Jesuit 
ever  saw;  devoured  more  than  he  ever  tasted;  and  taught  mora 
in  the  University  of  Oxford,  than  he  had  either  learned  or  heard." 
— AECHBISHOP  TOBIAS  MATTHEW. 


HUM 


HUN 


Humphrey,  W.  C.  Observ.  on  the  Inutility  of  Grand 
Juries,  and  Sugges.  for  their  Abolition,  Lon.,  1842,  8vo. 

"It  is  written  with  calmness  and  candour,  and  is  the  work  of  a 
practical  man,  thoroughly  acquainted  with  the  subject  on  which 
he  writes." — 31  Law  Mag.,  242. 

Humphreys,  Asher.     Ordination,  Lon.,  1719,  8vo. 

Humphreys,  David,  D.D.,  Sec.  to  the  Soc.  for  the 
Prop,  of  the  Gospel,  pub.  two  theolog.  works,  Lon.,  1714, 
'21,  8vo,  and  the  following  valuable  history : — An  Histori 
cal  Account  of  the  Incorporated  Society  for  the  Propaga 
tion  of  the  Gospel  in  Foreign  Parts;,  containing  their 
Foundation,  Proceedings,  and  the  success  of  their  Mis 
sionaries  in  the  British  Colonies,  to  the  year  1728,  Lon., 
8vo,  pp.  356.  This  work — which  every  collector  of  Ame 
rican  history  should  possess — is  illustrated  with  two  maps, 
one  of  Carolina,  the  other  of  New  England,  <fcc.,  by  Her 
man  Moll.  This  excellent  society  was  established  in  1701. 
See  HAWKINS,  ERNEST;  Bickersteth's  C.  S. ;  N.  York 
Church  Rev.,  iv.  433,  622;  v.  108,  274,  435,  615. 

Humphreys,  David,  LL.D.,  1753-1818,  a  native  of 
Derby,  Connecticut,  a  colonel  in  the  American  Revolu 
tionary  Army,  aide-de-camp  to  General  Washington,  and 
a  member  of  his  family,  graduated  at  Yale  College  in  1771. 
He  served  his  country  in  various  political  capacities,  both 
at  home  and  abroad,  and  employed  his  pen  as  well  as  his 
sword  in  the  promotion  of  her  liberties.  His  principal 
poetical  productions  are  An  Address  to  the  Armies  of  the 
United  States,  1772 ;  a  Poem  on  the  Happiness  of  Ame 
rica;  The  Widow  of  Malabar,  a  Tragedy;  and  a  Poem  on 
Agriculture.  He  assisted  Trumbull,  Barlow,  and  Hopkins 
in  the  composition  of  The  Anarchiad,  and  wrote  a  life  of 
General  Putnam,  pub.  in  Humphrey's  Miscellaneous  Works, 
N.  York,  1790  and  1804,  8vo.  This  biography,  enlarged, 
with  an  Appendix,  Notes,  and  an  Account  of  Bunker  Hill 
Battle,  was  repub.,  Bost.,  1818,  8vo,  by  S.  Swett.  See  Gris- 
wold's  Poets  and  Poetry  of  America ;  Duyckincks'  Cyc. 
of  Amer.  Lit. ;  Rich's  Bibl.  Amer.  Nova,  ii.  331,  487 ;  Lon. 
Athenaeum,  1833,  819;  N.  Amer.  Rev.,  iv.  98,  (by  W.  Tu 
dor;)  Carey's  Amer.  Mus.,  i.  230 ;  iii.  273 ;  N.  Haven  Chris. 
Month.  Spec.,  ii.  367. 

Humphreys,  E.  R.  Educational  works,  Lon.,  1843- 
56. 

Humphreys,  Francis.     Serm.,  Lon.,  1787,  8vo. 

Humphreys,  Henry  Noel.  1.  Origin  of  Coins  and 
Art  of  Coining,  Lon.,  8vo.  2.  Coins  of  England,  1847, 
p.  8vo.  3.  In  conjunction  with  Owen  Jones,  Illuminated 
Books  of  the  Middle  Ages,  1847-50,  fol.,  £10  10s.;  large 
paper,  £16  16s.  With  39  plates.  A  splendid  work.  4.  Art 
of  Illumination  and  Missal-Painting,  1848,  sq.  12mo.  5. 
Hist,  of  Ancient  Coins  and  Medals,  1849,  '50,  8vo.  6.  In 
conjunction  with  J.  0.  Westwood,  British  Moths,  1849,  2 
vols.  4to.  7.  Also  in  conjunction  with  J.  0.  W.,  British  But 
terflies,  1849,  4to.  8.  Ten  Centuries  of  Art,  1851,  imp.  8vo. 
9.  Origin  and  Progress  of  the  Art  of  Writing,  1852,  4to; 
3d  ed.,  1855,  imp.  8vo.  A  very  valuable  work.  10.  Coin- 
Collector's  Manual,  (Bohn's  Scientific  Lib.,  26,  27,)  1853, 
2  vols.  p.  8vo.  11.  Coinage  of  the  British  Empire,  1853, 
4to.  12.  The  Marine  Aquarium,  1856,  sm.  8vo.  13.  The 
Butterfly  Vivarium,  1858,  sm.  4to.  To  Mr.  H.  we  are  also 
indebted  for  the  beautiful  illuminations  which  illustrate 
A  Record  of  the  Black  Prince,  The  Book  of  Ruth,  Senti 
ments  and  Similes  of  Shakspeare,  <fec. 

Humphreys,  Humphrey,  d.  1712,  Dean  of  Bangor, 
•was  made  Bishop  of  Bangor,  1689,  and  trans,  to  Hereford, 
1701.  Serin.,  Hosea  x.  3,  (Jan.  30,)  Lou.,  1696,  4to. 

Humphreys,  James,  d.  1830,  a  lawyer,  a  native  of 
Montgomeryshire.  1.  Lett,  to  E.  B.  Sugden,  Lon.,  1827, 
8vo.  2.  Lett,  to  the  Editor  of  the  Jurist.  3.  Eng.  Laws 
of  Real  Property,  Lon.,  1820,  8vo;  2d  ed.,  1827,  8vo.  A 
work  of  authority.  See  2  Mart.  Conv.,  39;  1  Amer.  Jur., 
58;  4  Kent  Com.,  9,  n. ;  Marvin's  Leg.  Bibl.,  405;  Edin. 
and  Lon.  Quar.  Reviews. 

Humphreys,  John.     Serm.,  Lon.,  1794,  8vo. 

Humphreys,  John  D.,  Jr.    Poems,  Lon.,  1814,  8vo. 

Humphreys,  Sam.     Cannons;  a  Poem,  Lon.,  1728, 

Humphreys,  T.     Serm.,  Oxon.,  1812,  8vo. 

Humphreys,  W.  H.  Reports  Supreme  Ct.  of  Ten 
nessee,  1839-42,  Nashville,  1841-44,  4  vols.  8vo. 

"They  are  invaluable." — 1  West.  Law  Jour.,  169. 

Humphrie,  Rev.  Thomas.  The  Prebendary  and 
Curate :  Parochial  Affairs,  Ac.,  1811,  8vo. 

Humphry,  W.  W.  General  Registry,  Lon.,  1830,  8vo. 

Humphry,  William  Gilson,  Preb.  of  St.  Paul's, 
and  Vicar  of  Northolt,  Middlesex.  1.  Comment,  on  the 
Acts,  1847,  8vo ;  1854,  p.  8vo.  2.  Doctrine  of  a  Future 
State:  Hulsean  Lect.  for  1849,  8vo,  1850.  3.  Early  Pro 
gress  of  the  Gospel:  Hulsean  Lect.  for  1850,  8vo,  1851. 
4.  Hist  Treat,  on  Book  C.  Prayer;  2d  ed.,  1856,  p.  8vo. 


Humphrys,  Thomas.    Hymns,  Bris.,  1798, 16mo. 

Humston,  Robert.     Serm.,  Lon.,  1589,  '91,  8vo. 

Hungerford,  Sir  Anthony.  Advice  of  a  Pro 
testant  Son,  «fce.,  Oxon.,  1639,  4to. 

Hunnis,  William,  Chapel-Master  to  Queen  Eliza 
beth.  1.  Certayne  Psalms  in  English  metre,  Lon.,  1550, 
8vo.  2.  A  Hyve  fvll  of  Hunnye,  1578,  4to.  3.  Seuen 
Sobs  of  a  Sorrowfull  Soule  for  Sinne,  <fec.,  1585,  24mo. 
4.  Abridgment;  or,  Meditation  on  certaine  of  the  Psalmes, 
16rao.  5.  Recreations,  1588,  24mo.  See  Warton's  Hist, 
of  Eng.  Poet. ;  Bibl.  Anglo-Poet.;  Lowndes's  Bibl.  Man.; 
Brydges's  Brit.  Bibliog. ;  Campbell's  Spec,  of  Eng.  Poets  ; 
Dibdin's  Lib.  Comp.,  ed.  1825,  655;  Hallam's  Lit.  Hist, 
of  Europe,  ed.  1854,  ii.  120. 

Hunt.     Hist,  and  Revelation  of  Scripture,  1734. 

Hunt.     Comic  Sketches,  Lon.,  1850,  imp.  fol. 

Hunt,  Sir  Aubrey  De  Vere.     See  DE  VERB. 

Hunt,  Charles  Henry.  Merino  and  Anglo-Merino 
Sheep,  Lon.,  1810,  8vo.  See  Donaldson's  Agricult.  Biog. 

Hunt,  Mrs.  Charlotte  Matilda.  The  Little 
World  of  Knowledge;  arranged  numerically,  Lon.,  1826, 
12nio. 

"  Novel  in  its  plan,  excellent  in  its  principle,  and  most  praise 
worthy  in  its  execution." — Lon.  Literary  Gazette,  July  1, 1826. 

Hunt,  Edward.  Abridgt.  of  the  Irish  Statutes. 
1700-28,  Dubl.,  1828,  8vo. 

Hunt,  F.  W.,  M.D.  The  Pantological  System  of 
History,  Pt.  1.  The  Amer.  States,  N.  York,  1855,  fol. 
We  hope  that  this  work  will  be  continued.  It  is  designed 
to  occupy  the  same  relation  towards  History  that  maps 
hold  to  Geography. 

Hunt,  Frederick  Knight,  1814-1854,  a  native  of 
Buckinghamshire,  associate-editor  of  the  London  Daily 
News,  1846-51,  and  chief  editor,  1851-55,  was  previously 
connected  with  the  Illustrated  London  News,  The  Pic 
torial  Times,  and  The  Medical  Times.  1.  Hist,  and 
Scenery  of  the  Rhine,  Lon.,  1845,  sm.  4to.  2.  Book  of 
Art,  1846,  4to.  3.  The  Fourth  Estate ;  or,  Contributions 
to  the  Hist,  of  Newspapers  and  of  the  Liberty  of  the 
Press,  1850,  2  vols.  p.  Svo.  See  N.  Brit.  Rev.,  xiii.  86. 

"  Contains  a  mass  of  most  varied  and  valuable  information." — 
Lon.  Eclec.  Rev. 

A  biographical  account  of  Mr.  Hunt  will  be  found  in 
the  Lon.  Gent.  Mag.,  Jan.  1855. 

Hunt,  Freeman,  1804-1858,  widely  known  as  pro 
prietor  and  editor  of  The  Merchants'  Magazine,  was  a  na 
tive  of  Quincy,  Mass.  Whilst  a  resident  of  Boston,  he 
established  The  Ladies'  Magazine,  The  Weekly  Traveller, 
and  The  Juvenile  Miscellany,  and  also  gave  to  the  world 
Anecdotes  and  Sketches  Illustrative  of  Female  Character; 
and  (in  1830,  2  vols.  12mo)  American  Anecdotes,  Original 
and  Selected. 

"  The  best-known  collection  of  American  anecdotes." — N.  P. 
WILLIS  :  N.  York  Mirror. 

In  1831  Mr.  Hunt  removed  to  the  city  of  New  York, 
where  he  continued  to  reside  until  his  death.  His  first 
enterprise  in  this  city  was  a  periodical  entitled  The  Tra 
veller,  to  the  columns  of  which,  he  contributed  a  series  of 
entertaining  sketches  of  travel,  which  were  afterwards 
collected  and  pub.  under  the  title  of  Letters  about  the 
Hudson  and  its  Vicinity.  This  vol.  was  reviewed  with 
great  favour,  and  passed  through  three  edits. 

In  1839  Mr.  Hunt  determined  to  supply  a  great  want  in 
the  literary  and  commercial  world ;  and  in  July  of  that 
year  he  issued  the  first  number  of  his  famous  Merchants' 
Magazine,  which  now  presents  in  its  thirty-eight  well- 
filled  vols.  a  most  valuable  library  of  Commercial  Litera 
ture.  For  the  energy,  perseverance,  and  talent  success 
fully  developed  in  this  important  enterprise,  Mr.  Hunt 
deserves  more  praise  than  we  have  time  or  space  to  afford 
him.  We  shall,  however,  quote  some  more  valuable 
opinions  than  our  own  at  the  conclusion  of  this  article. 

In  1845  Mr.  Hunt  pub.  the  first  vol.  of  The  Library  of 
Commerce,  and  in  1856  appeared  the  first  vol.,  and  in  1857 
the  second  vol.,  of  Lives  of  American  Merchants,  and 
Wealth  and  Worth,  a  Collection  of  Morals,  Maxims,  and 
Miscellanies  for  Merchants.  It  has  been  well  remarked  that 

"The  titles  as  well  as  topics  of  these  works  show  the  concentra 
tion  of  purpose  with  which  Mr.  Hunt  gives  himself  to  his  chosen 
field  of  literary  labour." 

The  subject  of  our  notice  was  elected  a  member  of 
numerous  statistical  and  literary  societies,  and  received 
the  degree  of  A.M.  from  Harvard  University.  Other 
notices  of  Mr.  Hunt  and  his  useful  publications  will  be 
found  in  Poe's  Literati,  N.  York,  1850,  50-52 ;  Bungay's 
Off-Hand  Takings,  or  Crayon  Sketches  of  the  Noticeable 
Men  of  our  Age,  1854,  368-371;  N.  Amer.  Rev.,  July, 
1856,  232-233.  The  wise  merchants  (members  of  a  pro 
fession  to  which  authentic  information  is  of  peculiar  value) 

919 


HUN 


HUN 


•will  need  no  solicitation  of  ours  to  induce  them  to  peruse  1 
and  reperuse  Mr.  Hunt's  invaluable  vols.  ;  but,  as  regards  j 
the  Merchants'  Magazine,  we  shall  (to  use  a  mercantile 
phrase)  offer  satisfactory  endorsements  of  our  own  cordial 
commendation. 

"It  collects  and  arranges  in.  good  order  a  large  amount  of 
•valuable  statistical  and  other  information,  highly  useful,  not  only 
to  the  merchant,  but  to  the  statesman,  to  the  cultivator  of  the 
earth,  to  the  manufacturer,  to  the  mariner,  in  short  to  all  classes 
of  the  business  and  reading  community."— HENRY  CLAY  :  Ashland, 
29th  July,  1849. 

"  I  regard  it  as  being,  beyond  all  doubt,  among  the  most  valu 
able  periodicals  of  the  times."— DANIEL  WEBSTER:  Washington, 
March  18,  1851. 

"  I  have  found  it  most  useful  to  me  in  my  senatorial  labours, 
and  have  been  in  the  habit  for  many  years  of  carefully  consulting 
it"— THOMAS  H.  BBNTON  :  Washington  City,  April  20,  1849. 

"  It  is  a  grand  repository  of  useful  facts  and  information,  which 
can  be  found  nowhere  so  well  digested  and  so  accessible  as  in 
these  numbers." — MILLARD  FILLMORE. 

"  Mr.  Hunt  ought  especially  to  be  the  man  whom  the  mer 
chants  of  America  delight  to  honour.    It  seems  strange  that  we 
have  no  similar  publication  in  this  country,  and  yet  we  have  all 
the  raw  materials  for  it  in  great  abundance.     We  want  only  a 
Freeman  Hunt." — JAMES  WILLIAM  GILBART.  General  Manager  of 
the  London  and  Westminster  Bank,  and  the  author  of  a  Practical 
Treatise  on  Banking,  &c. 
Hunt,  George.     Serm.,  1810. 
Hunt,  George.     The  Book  of  Job,  trans,  from  the 
Hebrew,  Bath,  1825,  8vo. 

Hunt,  Gilbert  J.  Hist,  of  the  Late  War  between 
the  U.  States  and  Great  Britain  from  1812  to  1815,  writ 
ten  in  Scriptural  style,  N.  York,  1819,  12mo. 

Hunt,  Harriot  K.,  M.D.,  a  native  of  Boston,  Mass. 
Glances  and  Glimpses,  or  Fifty  Years'  Social,  including 
Twenty  Years'  Professional,  Life,  Bost.,  1856,  12mo,  pp. 
418.  See  N.  Amer.  Rev.,  April,  1856,  577-578. 
Hunt,  Henry.  Two  Discourses,  Lon.,  1802,  8vo. 
Hunt,  Isaac,  a  native  of  the  W.  Indies,  the  son  of 
the  Rector  of  St.  Michael's,  Bridgetown,  Barbadoes,  and 
the  father  of  James  Henry  Leigh  Hunt,  was  educated  at 
the  College  in  Philadelphia,  subsequently  studied  law, 
and,  on  his  return  to  England,  became  preacher  at  Ben- 
tinck  Chapel,  Lisson  Green,  Paddington.  He  subsequently 
resided  for  several  years  in  the  family  of  the  Duke  of 
Chandos,  as  tutor  to  his  Grace's  nephew,  Mr.  Leigh.  A 
sketch  of  his  life  will  be  found  in  his  son's  Autobiography. 
1.  Serm.,  Matt.  vi.  11,  1781,  8vo.  2.  Serins.,  1781,  Svo. 
3.  Serm.,  Nehem.  ii.  3,  1782, 4to.  4.  Discourses  on  Public 
Occasions,  1786,  Svo. 

"  He  published  a  volume  of  sermons  preached  there,  [Bentinck 
Chapel,]  in  which  there  is  little  but  elegance  of  diction  and  a 
graceful  morality." — Leigh  Hunt's  Autobiography. 

5.  Rights  of  Englishmen ;  an  Antidote  to  the  Poison 
of  Thos.  Paine,  1791,  Svo. 

Hunt,  Rev.  J.  H»  Tasso's  Jerusalem  Delivered  j 
trans,  into  English,  Lon.,  1818,  2  vols.  Svo. 

"  He  is  more  faithful  than  Pope  or  Dryden,  more  spirited  than 
Cowper  or  Warton,  and  he  has  less  mannerism  and  affectation 
than  Mr.  Sotheby."— Lon.  Quar.  Pev.,  July,  1821,  426-437. 

The  reviewer  prefers  this  version  to  either  Fairfax's  or 
Hoole's. 

"A  careful  perusal  of  his  labours  fully  justifies  the  eulogy  pro 
nounced  upon  them  in  the  Quarterly  Review  of  July,  1821." — 
Dibdin's  Lib.  Ormp. 

Hunt,  Rev.  J.  P.  Iron  Mask,  Lon.,  1809,  3  vols. 
12mo. 

Hunt',  James.     Serm.,  Lon.,  1642. 
Hunt,  James.     Treat,  on  Stammering,  with  a  Notice 
of  the  Life  of  Thos.  Hunt,  Lon.,  1856.     Other  works. 

Hunt,  James  Henry  Leigh,  b.  October  19,  1784, 
at  Southgate,  Middlesex,  was  the  son  of  the  Rev.  Isaac 
Hunt  (ante)  and  Miss  Mary  Shewell,  the  daughter  of 
Stephen  Shewell,  a  merchant  of  Philadelphia.  An  aunt 
of  this  lady's  was  the  wife  of  Benjamin  West,  the  eminent 
American  painter.  Young  Hunt  commenced  authorship 
at  an  early  period,  and,  when  the  poet  was  only  about  six 
teen  years  of  age,  his  verses  were  collected  by  his  father 
and  pub.,  with  a  large  list  of  subscribers,  under  the  title 
of  Juvenilia ;  or,  Poems  written  between  the  ages  of  Twelve 
and  Sixteen,  Lon.,  1801,  12mo. 
"I  was  as  proud  perhaps  of  the  book  at  that  time,  as  I  am 

ashamed  of  it  now My  book  was  a  heap  of  imitations,  all  but 

absolutely  worthless."— Leigh  Hunt's  Autobiography. 

These  effusions  were  given  to  the  world  shortly  after 
their  author's  departure  from  Christ  Hospital,  where,  like 
Coleridge,  Lamb,  and  many  others  who  afterwards  attained 
distinction,  he  received  his  early  education.  After  some 
experience  as  an  attorney's  clerk,  and  in  the  duties  con 
nected  with  a  post  in  the  War  Office,  Hunt  united  in  1808 
with  his  brother  John  in  the  establishment  of  a  weekly 
paper  entitled  The  Examiner,  which  periodical,  owing  to 
Leigh's  able  editorship,  soon  acquired  great  popularity. 


Doubtless  the  practice  which  he  had  cultivated  in  very 
early  life  as  theatrical  critic  for  the  "  News"  now  proved 
of  great  advantage  to  the  young  editor.  Having  thus  be 
held  him  fairly  launched  upon  that  life  of  literary  activity 
for  which  he  has  been  so  distinguished  for  the  last  half- 
century,  we  must  refer  to  his  piquant  Autobiography  for 
further  particulars  of  his  career,  whilst  we  devote  the 
limited  space  to  which  we  are  restricted  to  a  catalogue  of 
his  works,  and  the  citation  of  some  opinions  upon  their 
merits. 

1.  Amyntas;  trans,  from  Tasso,  1820,  12mo.  2.  Auto 
biography  and  Reminiscences,  1850,  3  vols.  p.  Svo;  1852, 
3  vols.  p.  8vo.  See  Eclec.  Rev.,  4th  Ser.,  xxviii.  409 ;  N. 
Brit.  Rev.,  xiv.  143;  Amer.  Whig  Rev.,  xiii.  34;  N.York 
Eclec.  Mag.,  xxi.  247.  3.  Bacchus  in  Tuscany ;  a  Poem, 
12mo.  4.  Blue-Stocking  Revels.  5.  Book  for  a  Corner; 
Selections  in  Prose  and  Verse,  1849,  2  vols.  12mo ;  1851, 
p.  Svo.  6.  Captain  Sword  and  Captain  Pen  ;  a  Poem  ;  3d 
ed.,  1849,  12mo.  7.  Classic  Tales  ;  a  Selection  from  Eng 
lish  and  Foreign  Authors,  with  Critical  Essays,  1813,  5 
vols.  12rno.  8.  Descent  of  Liberty;  a  Mask,  1815,  12mo. 
See  Eclec.  Rev.,  May,  1815.  9.  Critical  Essays  on  the 
Performers  of  the  London  Theatres,  1808,  12mo.  10. 
Feast  of  the  Poets,  and  other  Pieces,  1814,  12mo;  1815, 
12rno.  See  Lon.  Month.  Rev.,  Sept.  1814  ;  Phila.  Analec. 
Mag.,  Sept.  1814.  11.  Foliage;  Poems,  Original  and  Se 
lected,  1818,  12mo.  See  Lon.  Quar.  Rev.,  xviii.  324.  12. 
Hero  and  Leander.  13.  Hundred  Romances  of  Real  Life; 
a  Selection,  1843,  med.  Svo.  14.  Imagination  and  Fancy; 
Selections  from  English  Poets;  2d  ed.,  1845,  p.  Svo;  3d 
ed.,  1852,  cr.  Svo.  See  Brit.  Quar.  Rev.,  i.  563;  Dubl. 
Univ.  Mag.,  xxv.  649;  N.  York  Eclec.  Mag.,  v.  500.  15. 
Indicator  and  Companion,  1S22,  2  vols.  Svo;  1840,  r.  Svo; 
1848,  r.  Svo.  16.  Jar  of  Honey  from  Mount  Hybla,  1847, 
p.  Svo;  1852,  Svo.  17.  Juvenilia;  or,  Poems  written  be 
tween  the  ages  of  Twelve  and  Sixteen,  1801,  12mo,  (vide 
ante.)  IS.  Legend  of  Florence;  a  Play,  1840,  Svo.  19. 
Literary  Pocket-Book.  20.  Men,  Women,  and  Books; 
Sketches,  Essays,  and  Critical  Memoirs,  1847,  2  vols.  p. 
Svo ;  1852,  2  vols.  p.  Svo.  See  Dubl.  Univ.  Mag.,  xxx. 
3S6;  Bost.  Living  Age,  (from  the  Lon.  Examiner,)  xiv. 
188.  21.  Methodism,  1809,  Svo.  22.  Months  Descriptive 
of  the  Year,  12mo.  23.  Old  Court  Suburb,  1S55,  2  vols. 
cr.  Svo.  See  Blackw.  Mag.,  Oct.  1855.  24.  Palfrey,  a 
Love-Story  of  Old  Times ;  a  Poem,  1842,  Svo.  25.  Poetical 
Works,  1832,  Svo;  1844,  32mo.  See  South.  Lit.  Mess.,  x. 
619.  Included  in  Hunt's  Poetical  Works  are  a  number  of 
translations.  26.  Reading  for  Railways,  1850, 12mo.  27. 
Recollections  of  Byron  and  some  of  his  Contemporaries, 
1828,  4to;  2d  ed.,  1828,  2  vols.  Svo.  See  Lon.  Quar.  Rev., 
xxxvii.  402;  Lon.  Month.  Rev.,  cxv.  300;  Lon.  New 
Month.  Mag.;  Phila.  Mus.  of  For.  Lit.,  xii.  569;  BYRON, 
GEORGE  GORDON,  LORD.  28.  Religion  of  the  Heart;  a 
Manual  of  Faith  and  Duty,  1853,  fp.  8vo.  29.  Reformist's 
Reply  to  the  Edinburgh  Review,  1810,  Svo.  30.  Report 
on  the  Attorney-General's  Information,  1812.  31.  Seer; 
or,  Common  Places  Refreshed,  1840  ;  1848,  med.  Svo.  32. 
Sir  Ralph  Esher,  1S32,  3  vols.;  1850,  p.  Svo.  33.  Stories 
from  the  Italian  Poets,  1846,  2  vols.  p.  Svo;  1854,  2  vols. 
p.  8vo.  See  Lon.  For.  Quar.  Rev.,  xxxvi.  333 ;  Bost.  Liv. 
Age,  (from  the  Lon.  Spectator,)  viii.  481.  34.  Stories  in 
Verse,  1855,  12mo.  35.  Story  of  Rimini;  a  Poem,  1816, 
12mo.  See  Lon.  Quar.  Rev.,  xiv.  473,  (by  Wm.  Gifford ;) 
Edin.  Rev.,  xxvi.  476,  (by  Lord  Jeffrey;)  Blackw.  Mag., 
ii.  194;  iii.  453;  N.  Amer.  Rev.,  iii.  272,  (by  Wm.  Tudor.) 
36.  Table-Talk,  1850,  p.  Svo ;  1852,  p.  Svo.  37.  The  Town j 
its  Character  and  Events,  1848,  2  vols.  p.  Svo.  38.  Wit 
and  Humour,  Selected  from  the  English  Poets,  1S46,  p, 
Svo;  1852,  p.  Svo.  See  Westm.  Rev.,  xlviii.  24;  Dubl. 
Univ.  Mag.,  xxix.  74;  Fraser's  Mag.,  xxxiv.  735;  Bost 
Liv.  Age,  (from  the  Lon.  Examiner,)  xii.  97.  In  addition 
to  the  periodicals  already  mentioned  as  claiming  a  portion 
of  Mr.  Hunt's  labours,  he  edited  in  1810  The  Reflector,  a 
periodical  established  by  his  brother,  of  which  only  four 
numbers  appeared;  wrote  almost  all  the  articles  (Byron, 
Hazlitt,  and  Shelley  were  also  contributors)  in  The  Liberal, 
1822,  4  Pts.  Svo;  established  and  edited  The  Tatler,  and 
The  London  Journal;  edited  The  Monthly  Repository; 
contributed  to  The  Round  Table,  The  True  Sun,  the  Edin 
burgh  Review,  the  Westminster  Review;  edited  the  Plays 
of  Wycherley,  Congreve,  and  Farquhar,  Fairfax's  trans. 
of  Tasso's  Jerusalem  Delivered,  and  Selections  from  Beau 
mont  and  Fletcher.  His  translations  of  Redi's  Bacco  in 
Toscano,  the  Lutrin  of  Boileau,  the  Amyntas  of  Tasso, 
and  of  other  pieces,  have  elicited  warm  commendation, 
whilst  the  last-named  at  least  has  not  escaped  without 
censure.  Since  1847  Mr.  Hunt  has  been  in  receipt  of  a 


HUN 

pension  of  £200  per  annum.  Many  of  Hunt's  works  have 
been  repub.  in  America  by  Wells  &  Lilly,  Carey,  Lea  & 
Blanchard,  Carey  <fc  Hart,  Wiley  &  Putnam,  the  Harpers, 
W.  P.  Hazard,  Ticknor  &  Fields,  Ac.  The  last-named 
house  pub.  in  1857r  2  vols.  32mo,  Hunt's  Complete 
Poetical  Works,  collected  and  arranged  by  himself,  and 
Derby  &  Jackson  within  the  same  year  pub.  an  ed.  of 
his  Works  in  4  vols.  12rno.  He  who  would  further  gra 
tify  his  curiosity  respecting  this  veteran  litterateur  and  his 
manifold  labours  must  refer  to  Moore's  Life  of  Byron; 
Conversations  between  Lord  Byron  and  the  Countess  of 
Blessington;  Hazlitt's  Spirit  of  the  Age  and  his  Table- 
Talk;  Southey's  Life  and  Corresp. ;  Gilfillan's  Second 
Gallery  of  Literary  Poets;  Miss  Mitford's  Recollections 
of  a  Literary  Life;  Allan  Cunningham's  Biog.  and  Crit. 
Hist,  of  the  Last  Fifty  Years ;  Moir's  Poet.  Lit.  of  the 
Past  Half-Century ;  Memoirs,  Jour.,  and  Corresp.  of  Thos. 
Moore;  Macaulay's  Crit.  and  Hist.  Essays;  Tuckerman's 
Thoughts  on  the  Poets;  Whipple's  Essays  and  Reviews; 
Hillard's  First-Class  Reader ;  Comparison  between  Hunt 
and  Washington  Irving,  in  Blackw.  Mag.,  (American  Wri 
ters,  No.  4,)  xvii.  65  ;  Green's  Diary  of  a  Lover  of  Lit,  in 
Lon.  Gent.  Mag.,  Feb.  1838;  Blackw.  Mag.,  ii.  38;  v.  97, 
98,  640  ;  vii.  664 ;  x.  286,  733  ;  xi.  113,  364 ;  xii.  700  ;  xiv. 
240,  241 ;  xvi.  67,  69  ;  xxvii.  389,  435 ;  xxxv.  159 ;  xxxvi. 
272,  273;  xl.  809;  Lon.  Month.  Mirror,  May,  1810;  Fra- 
ser's  Mag.,  vi.  43 ;  Lon.  Athenaeum,  1832,  &c. ;  Lon.  Lite 
rary  Gazette;  N.  York  Eclec.  Mag.,  ix.  384:  xii.  118; 
Ainer.  Whig  Rev.,  iv.  417 ;  Bost.  Living  Age,  (from  Lon. 
Examiner,)  i.  342;  from  Tail's  Mag.,  xi.  368;  South.  Lit. 
Mess.,  vii.  473,  (by  H.  T.  Tuckerman  ;)  x.  619;  Democrat. 
Rev.,  xxvii.  426,  (by  J.  Savage.)  From  the  many  opi 
nions  before  us  respecting  the  characteristics  of  this 
voluminous  and  popular  author,  we  can  find  room  for  a 
few  brief  extracts  only. 

LEIGH  HUNT  AS  A  POET. 

"  With  acute  powers  of  conception,  a  sparkling  and  lively  fancy, 
and  a  quaintly-curious  felicity  of  diction,  the  grajid  characteristic 
of  Leigh  Hunt's  poetry  is  word-painting ;  and  in  this  he  is  proba 
bly  without  a  rival,  save  in  the  last  and  best  productions  of  Keats, 
who  contended,  not  vainly,  with  his  master  on  that  ground.  In 
this  respect,  nothing  can  be  more  remarkable  thau  some  passages 
in  Rimini,  and  in  his  collection  entitled  Foliage,  much  of  which 
he  has  since  capriciously  cancelled;  and  he  also  exercised  this 
peculiar  faculty  most  felicitously  in  translations  from  the  French 
and  Italian,  although  in  some  instances  he  carried  it  to  the  amount 
of  grotesqueness  or  affectation.  His  heroic  couplet  has  much  of 
the  life,  strength,  and  flexibility  of  Dryden — of  whom  he  often 
reminds  us;  and  in  it  he  follows  glorious  John,  even  to  his  love 
for  triplets  and  Alexandrines." — Moir's  Sketches  of  the  Poet.  Lit.  of 
the  l^ast  Half-Century. 

"The  days  are  happily  past  when  the  paltry  epithet  of  ' Cock 
ney  Poets'  could  be  bestowed  on  Keats  and  Leigh  Hunt :  the 
world  has  outlived  them.  People  would  as  soon  think  of  apply 
ing  such  a  word  to  Dr.  Johnson.  Happily,  too,  one  of  the  delight 
ful  writers  who  were  the  objects  of  these  unworthy  attacks  has 
outlived  them  also ;  has  lived-  to  attain  a  popularity  of  the  most 
genial  kind,  and  to  diffuse  through  a  thousand  pleasant  chan 
nels  many  of  the  finest  parts  of  our  finest  writers.  He  has  done 
good  service  to  literature  in  another  way,  by  enriching  our  lan 
guage  with  some  of  the  very  best  translations  since  Cowley.  Who 
ever  thought  to  see  Tasso's  famous  passage  m  Amyntas  so  ren 
dered  ?  [Ode  to  the  Golden  Age  here  quoted.]  Who,  again,  ever 
hoped  to  see  such  an  English  version  of  one  of  Petrarch's  most 
characteristic  poems,  conceits  and  all?  [Petrarch's  Contempla 
tions  of  Death  in  the  Bower  of  Laura  here  quoted.] 

"  In  justice  to  Mr.  Leigh  Hunt,  I  add  to  these  fine  translations, 
of  which  every  lover  of  Italian  literature  will  perceive  the  merit, 
some  extracts  from  his  original  poems,  which  need  no  previous 
preparation  in  the  reader.  Except  Chaucer  himself,  no  painter 
of  processions  has  excelled  the  entrance  of  Paulo  to  Ravenna,  in 
the  story  of  Rimini."— Miss  Mitford's  Recollections  of  a  Literary 
Life. 

"  At  the  outlet  of  his  career,  his  ambition  was  to  excel  as  a 
bard.  His  principal  success,  however,  seems  chiefly  to  lay  in  a 
certain  vein  of  essay-writing,  in  which  fancy  and  familiarity  are 
delightfully  combined.  Still  he  has  woven  many  rhymes  that 
are  not  only  sweet  and  cheerful,  but  possess  a  peculiar  grace  and 
merit  of  their  own,  besides  illustrating  some  capital  ideas  rela 
tive  to  poetical  diction  and  influence.  They  are,  to-be-sure,  de 
formed  by  some  offences  against  the  dignity  of  the  muse,  in  the 
shape  of  affectations  and  far-fetched  conceits." — Tuckerman's 
Thoughts  on  the  Poets. 

Mr.  Tuckerman  here  quotes  some  most  objectionable 
epithets  used  by  the  poet,  in  which  citation  he  reminds 
us — though  his  selection  is  entirely  different — of  Lord 
Jeffrey's  excerpta  from  Rimini. 

"What  can  be  said,"  exclaims  the  terrible  Scotch  reviewer, 
"  for  such  lines  as 

'  She  had  stout  notions  on  the  marrying  score,' 

or,       '  He  kept  no  reckoning  with  his  sweets  or  sours,' 

or,      «  And  better  still — in  my  idea  at  least,' 

or,      « The  two  divinest  things  this  world  has  got' 

"  We  see  no  sort  of  beauty  in  such  absurd  and  unusual  phrases 

as  'a  clipsoine  waist,' — a  '  scattery  light,'  or  'flings  of  sunshine,' 

— nor  any  charm  in  such  comparatives  as  '  martialler,'  or  '  taste- 


HUN 

fuller,'  or  '  franklier,'  or  in  such  words  as  '  whisks,'  and  '  swaling,' 
and  '  freaks  and  snatches,'  and  an  hundred  others  in  the  same 
taste." — Edin,  Rev.,  xxvi.  491.  Mr.  Gifford  cites  many  other  in 
stances  very  much  of  the  same  character.  See  No.  35,  ante. 

"  In  spite  of  his  faults,  there  is  something  quite  bewitching  in 
his  character  and  poems.  We  hardly  judge  him  by  the  same 
laws  we  apply  to  other  poets ;  we  are  willing  to  take  him  as  he  is. 
The  same  errors  and  fooleries  which  would  be  insufferable  in 
another  alter  their  aspect,  if  not  their  nature,  as  observed  in  the 
easy  impudence  of  his  chirping  egotism.  .  .  .  There  is  every  rea- 
son  to  suppose  that  his  poems  will  long  survive  the  life  of  their 
author  and  the  reputation  of  the  majority  of  his  assailants."— 
Whipple's  Essays  and  Reviews. 

"  Leigh  Hunt,  most  vivid  of  poets  and  most  cordial  of  critics." 
—JOHN  WILSON  :  Recreations  of  Christopher  North. 

LEIGH  HUNT  AS  A  PROSE-WRITER. 

"To  my  taste,  the  Author  of  Rimini  and  Editor  of  the  Exa 
miner  is  among  the  best  and  least-corrupted  of  our  poetical  prose- 
writers.  In  his  light  but  well-supported  columns  we  find  the 
raciness.  the  sharpness,  and  the  sparkling  effect  of  poetry,  with 
little  that  is  extravagant  or  far-fetched,  and  no  turgidity  or 
pompous  pretension.  Perhaps  there  is  too  much  the  appearance 
of  relaxation  and  trifling,  (as  if  he  had  escaped  the  shackles  of 
rhyme,)  a  caprice,  a  levity,  and  a  disposition  to  innovate  in  words 
and  ideas.  Still  the  genuine  master-spirit  of  the  prose-writer  is 
there ;  the  tone  of  lively,  sensible  conversation ;  and  this  may  in 
part  arise  from  the  author's  being  himself  an  animated  talker. 
Mr.  Hunt  wants  something  of  the  heat  and  earnestness  of  the 
political  partisan ;  but  his  familiar  and  miscellaneous  papers  have 
all  the  ease,  grace,  and  point  of  the  best  style  of  Essay-writing. 
Many  of  bis  effusions  in  the  INDICATOR  show,  that  if  he  had  de 
voted  himself  exclusively  to  that  mode  of  writing,  he  inherits 
more  of  the  spirit  of  Steele  than  any  man  since  his  time." — Haz- 
litt's  Talk- Talk :  on  the  Prose  Style  of  Poets. 

•  He  is,  in  truth,  one  of  the  pleasantest  writers  of  his  time,— 
easy,  colloquial,  genial,  humane,  full  of  fine  fancies  and  verbal 
niceties,  possessing  a  loving  if  not  a  'learned  spirit;'  with  hardly 
a  spice  of  bitterness  in  his  composition.  .  .  .  His  Imagination 
and  Fancy  is  a  delightful  book.  The  Indicator  and  Seer  are  filled 
with  essays  of  peculiar  excellence." — Whipping  Essays  and  Re 
views. 

"  His  prose  is  gossiping,  graceful,  and  searching,  and  charms 
many  readers." — Allan  Cunningham's  Biog.  and  Grit.  Hist,  of  the 
Lit.  of  the  Last  Fifty  Years. 

In  a  review  of  Hunt's  edit,  of  The  Dramatic  Works  of 
Wycherley,  Congreve,  and  Farquhar,  (1840,  8vo,)  an 
eminent  authority  thus  speaks  of  the  editor  in  the  capacity 
of  a  critic  : 

"  In  some  respects  Mr.  Leigh  Hunt  is  excellently  qualified  for 
the  task  which  he  has  undertaken.  His  style,  in  spite  of  its 
mannerism,  nay,  partly  by  reason  of  its  mannerism,  is  well  suited 
for  light,  garrulous,  desultory  ana,  half  critical,  half  biographical. 
We  do  not  always  agree  with  his  literary  judgments;  but  we  find 
in  him  what  is  very  rare  in  our  time,  the  power  of  justly  appre 
ciating  and  heartily  enjoying  good  things  of  very  different  kinds. 
He  can  adore  Shakspeare  and  Spenser  without  denying  poetical 
genius  to  the  author  of  Alexander's  Feast,  or  fine  observation, 
rich  fancy,  and  exquisite  humour  to  him  who  imagined  Will 
Honeycomb  and  Sir  Roger  de  Coverley.  He  has  paid  particular 
attention  to  the  history  of  the  English  drama  from  the  Age  of 
Elizabeth  down  to  our  time,  and  has  every  right  to  be  heard  with 
respect  on  that  subject." — T.  B.  MACAULAY  :  Grit,  and  Hist.  Essays, 
Lon.,  1854.  iii.  1-2. 

Hunt,  Jeremiah,  D.D.,  1678-1744,  a  Dissenter, 
pastor  for  thirty-seven  years  at  Pinners'  Hall,  London, 
pub.  a  number  of  serms.,  &c.,  1716-25.  A  collective  edit, 
of  his  Serms.  and  Tracts  was  pub.  in  1748,  4  vols.  8vo. 

"  In  brief,  his  preaching  was  Scriptural,  critical,  paraphrastical, 
and  consequently  instructive." — DR.  LARDNER. 

Hunt,  John.  An  Appeal  to  the  King,  proving  that 
our  Saviour  was  author  of  the  R.  Catholic  Faith,  1620,  4to. 

Hunt,  John.  God's  Decrees,  Norw.,  1720, 8vo;  Glasg., 
1791,  8vo. 

-  Hunt,  John.  1.  Historical  Surgery,  1801,  4to.  2. 
The  Gout,  1805,  8vo.  3.  Agricult.  Memoirs,  1812,  8vo, 
4.  British  Ornithology,  1815-22, 13  Pts.  8vo.  Other  works. 

Hunt,  John.     Serm.,  &c.,  1809,  '12,  both  8vo. 

Hunt,  John.     Histor.  Map  of  Palestine,  Lon.,  1832. 

Hunt,  Leigh.     See  HUNT,  JAMES  HENRY  LEIGH. 

Hunt,  Nicholas.     Theolog.  treatises,  Lon.,  1631-33. 

Hunt,  Philip.  A  narrative  resp.  the  Literary  Re 
mains  of  the  late  John  Tweddell,  Lon.,  1816,  8vo. 

Hunt,  R.     Oration,  Nov.  26,  1805,  '06. 

Hunt,  R.  S.  and  Randel,  J.  F.  Guide  to  the 
Republic  of  Texas,  N.  York,  1839,  18mo. 

Hunt,  Richard.     A  Catechisme,  Lon.,  1649,  8vo. 

Hunt,  Robert.    Assada,  near  Madagascar,  Lon.,  4to. 

Hunt,  Robert.  Synopsis  of  Diseases  of  the  Skin, 
Lon.,  1838,  12mo. 

Hunt,  Robert,  b.  Sept.  6,  1807,  at  Devonport,  (then 
Plymouth  Dock,)  England,  is  well  known  as  a  keeper  of 
the  Mining  Records  at  the  Museum  of  Economic  Geology, 
and  Professor  of  Mechanical  Science  to  the  Government 
School  of  Mines  to  that  institution.  He  is  the  author  of 
a  number  of  works  of  the  highest  authority  on  the  subjects 
of  which  they  treat.  1.  Art  of  Photography,  1341,  '51, 
'53,  '54,  fp.  8vo. 

921 


HUN 


HUN 


"  A  complete  history  of  Photography  in  all  its  varied  ramifica 
tions  and  processes." — Lon.  Art  Journal. 

2.  Researches   on  Light  and  its  Chemical   Relations, 
1844,  '54,  8vo. 

"  Mr.  Hunt's  reputation  is  so  well  established,  that  we  need 
only  mention  his  pleasing  volume  to  secure  it  a  favourable  recep 
tion  from  the  philosophical  public." — Jameson's  New  Edin.  Philos. 
Jour. 

3.  Panthea:  the  Spirit  of  Nature,  1849,  Svo.  . 

"  Philosophy  and  Poetry  are  finely  blended,  and  great  truths 
and  noble  sentiments  are  expressed  in  language  full  of  beauty 
-and  eloquence." — N.  Brit.  Rev. 

"  Throughout  ample  opportunities  are  afforded  for  conveying 
scientific  information  in  a  popular  form,  and  these  have  been 
liberally  and  well  embraced  by  the  Author." — Lon.  Athenceum. 

4.  Poetry  of  Science;  or,  Studies  of  the  Physical  Phe 
nomena  of  Nature;  2d  ed.,  1849,  8vo;  3d  ed.,  1854,  8vo. 

"  Mr.  Hunt's  work  stands  midway  between  Humboldt's  Cosmos 
and  L'Aiine  Martin's  Lettres  a  Sophie.  More  suited  to  the  un 
learned  reader  than  the  former,  it  is  more  systematic  and 
extended  in  its  views  than  the  latter." — Lon.  Athenaeum. 

See  also  N.  Brit.  Rev.,  xiii.  63 ;  Eclec.  Rev.,  4th  Ser., 
xxvi.  36;  Eraser's  Mag.,  xxxix.  378;  N.  Amer.  Rev., 
Ixxiii.  470.  5.  Elementary  Physics,  1851,  12mo;  1855, 
p.  8vo. 

"As  a  really  elementary  treatise  on  the  whole  work  of  Physical 
Science,  we  know  none  to  compare  with  it,  and  it  is  therefore  ad 
mirably  adapted  for  the  wants  of  the  student;  whilst,  on  the 
other  hand,  it  may  be  read  with  profit  and  interest  by  those  who 
have  long  mastered  the  general  truths  it  embodies." — Lon.  Medico- 
Chirurgical  Review. 

6.  Handbook  to  the  Official  Catalogue  of  the  Great 
Exhibition  of  1851,  2  vols.  12mo,  1851.  7.  Memoirs  of 
the  Geological  Survey  of  Great  Britain,  and  of  the  Museum 
of  Practical  Geology :  Mineral  Statistics  of  the  United 
Kingdom  of  Great  Britain  and  Ireland  for  1853  and  1854, 
Lon.,  1855.  See  Lon.  Athenaeum,  1855,  p.  1023.  See 
also  Bouvier's  Familiar  Astronomy,  Phila.,  1857,  373-374. 
Hunt,  Rowland.  Prosperity  of  G.  Brit.,  1796, 
8vo. 

Hunt,  T.  F.  1.  Architettura  Campestre,  Lon.,  1827, 
r.  4to.  See  Lon.  Lit.  Gaz. ;  Lon.  Lit.  Chron.  2.  Hints 
on  Picturesque  Domestic  Architecture;  3d  ed.,  1833,  4to. 
See  Lon.  Lit.  Chron.  3.  Examples  of  Tudor  Architecture, 
1830,  2  vols.;  1836,  r.  4to.  See  Lon.  Eclec.  Rev.;  Blackw. 
Mag.,  xxvii.  257-258.  4.  Designs  for  Parsonage  Houses, 
Ac.,  1841,  4to.  See  Lon.  Lit.  Gaz. ;  Lon.  Lit.  Chron.  5. 
Designs  for  Gate-Lodges,  Ac.,  1841,  r.  4to. 

Hunt,  Thomas.  The  Grammar-Scholar's  Abecedary, 
Lon.,  1671,  8vo. 

Hunt,  Thomas.  Political  tracts,  Lon.,  1679-83. 
Hunt,  Thomas,  D.D.,  1696-1774,  educated  at  and 
Fellow  of  Hart  Hall,  Oxford,  became  Regius  Prof,  of 
Hebrew,  and  Canon  of  Christ  Church  in  1747.  He  was 
the  author  of  several  publications  on  the  Arabic,  1728-48, 
and  of  the  following  work,  pub.  after  his  death  by  Dr. 
Kennicott:  Observ.  on  Several  [26]  Passages  in  the  Book 
of  Proverbs,  with  two  Serins.,  Oxf.,  1775,  4to. 

"  The  emendations  of  the  translation  proposed  in  this  volume 
are  generally  important,  and  throw  much  light  on  some  passages 
which  are  attended  with  considerable  difficulty." — Orme's  Bibl. 
Bib.,  q.  v. 

"  They  display  in  a  very  advantageous  light  the  critical  acumen 

of  the  author,  and  his  extensive  acquaintance  with  the  Eastern 

languages." — Lon.  Month.  Rev.,  0.  S.,  liii.  102,  q.  v.  for  specimens. 

"  As  tho  book  is  neither  very  scarce  nor  very  dear,  it  will  be 

•worth  the  student's  while  to  procure  it."— Home's  BiU.  Bib. 

See  Doddridge's  Letters  ;  Nichols's  Lit.  Anec. ;  Chal 
mers's  Biog.  Diet. ;  Lon.  Gent.  Mag.,  vol.  Ixxi. 

Hunt,  Thomas.  Diseases  of  the  Skin,  Lon.,  1847, 
8vo;  3d  ed.,  1858. 

"  We  have  found  Mr.  Hunt's  practice  exceedingly  successful  in 
severe  obstinate  cases." — Braithwuite 's  Retrospect  of  Medicine. 

"  The  facts  and  views  he  brings  forward  eminently  merit  atten 
tion." — British  and  Foreign  Medical  Review. 

Hunt,  Thomas  P.,  b.  1794,  in  Charlotte  county, 
Virginia,  graduated  at  Hampden-Sidney  College,  Va., 
1813 ;  licensed  to  preach,  1824  ;  ordained^  1825.  1.  Bible 
Baptism,  Nos.  1  and  2.  2.  Hist,  of  Jesse  Johnson  and 
his  Times.  3.  It  will  not  Injure  me.  4.  Death  by  Mea 
sure.  5.  Wedding-Days  of  Former  Times.  Nos.  2,  3,  4, 
5,  are  Temperance  Tales.  6.  Liquor-Selling  a  System 
of  Fraud.  Other  publications,  among  which  are  a  num 
ber  of  papers  contributed  to  periodicals. 

Hunt,  Thomas  Sterry,  b.  1826,  at  Norwich,  Conn., 
appointed,  in  1847,  chemist  and  iniHeralogist  to  the  Geo 
logical  Survey  of  Canada,  has  pub.  a  number  of  Annual 
Reports  in  connection  with  the  Survey,  and  many  papers 
On  Chemistry,  Mineralogy,  and  Geology  in  the  Amer. 
Jour,  of  Science  and  the  L.  E.  and  D.  Philos.  Mag.  His 
essays  on  a  New  System  of  Chemical  Theory  in  the  first- 
named  periodical  have  attracted  much  attention  and  been 
repub.  in  England  and  Germany.  Mr.  H.  is  the  author 


of   an  Introduction  to   Organic   Chemistry,  prefixed   to 
Prof.  B.  Sillitnan,  Jr.'s,  Elements  of  Chemistry. 

Hunt,  Thornton,  b.  1810,  eldest  son  of  Leigh  Hunt, 
and  the  author  of  The  Foster-Brother,  1845,  3  vols.  p.  8vo, 
an  historical  romance  of  the  14th  century,  has  been 
editorially  connected  with  The  Constitutional,  The  North 
Cheshire  Reformer,  The  Glasgow  Argus,  <fec.  See  Men 
of  the  Time,  Lon.,  1856. 

Hunt,  Wm.  1.  Gilbert's  Distresses  and  Replevin, 
;  Lon.,  1793,  '94,  8vo.  2.  Cases  on  the  Annuity  Act,  Bir- 
I  ming.,  1794,  '96,  8vo. 

Hunt,  Wm.  American  Biographical  Panorama, 
|  Albany,  8vo. 

Hunt,  Wm.,  M.D.,  Demonstrator  of  Anatomy  in 
the  Univ.  of  Penna.  Erasmus  Wilson's  Dissector's 
j  Manual  of  Prac.  and  Surg.  Anat. ;  3d  Amer.  from  the  last 
Lon.  ed.,  Phila.,  1856,  r.  12ino,  pp.  582,  with  154  Illus 
trations.  An  excellent  work.  See  GODDARD,  PAUL  B., 
M.D.j  WILSON,  ERASMUS,  M.D. 

Huntar,  Alex.     Weights,  Ac.,  Edin.,  1624,  4to. 

Hunter.  Nummi  Veterurn  Populoruin  et  Graecorum, 
cum  68  Tab.  sen.,  Lon.,  1782,  4to. 

Hunter,  Miss  A.  S.  1.  Select,  from  Cicero,  1809, 
12mo.  2.  Miscellanies  for  Female  Readers,  1810,  12uio. 

Hunter,  Alexander,  M.D.,  1729-1809,  a  native  of 
Edinburgh,  settled  at  York,  England,  was  the  author  of 
several  works  on  medicine,  agriculture,  &c.,  the  principal 
of  which  is  Georgical  Essays,  Lon.,  1770-74,  4  vols.  8vo; 
York,  1803,  4  vols.  8vo ;  vols.  v.,  vi.,  Lon.,  1804,  8vo.  Ho 
|  also  edited  Evelyn's  Sylva:  see  EVELYN,  JOHN,  No.  5. 
See  also  Watt's  Bibl.  Brit.;  Donaldson's  Agricult.  Biog. 

Hunter,  Alexander.     Con.  to  Ann.  of  Med.,  1799. 

Hunter,  Mrs.  Anne,  1742-1821,  the  wife  of  the 
celebrated  surgeon,  John  Hunter,  and  a  sister  of  Sir 
Everard  Home,  is  the  author  of  My  Mother  bids  me  braid 
my  Hair,  and  The  Mermaid's  Song,  and  other  songs  made 
famous  by  the  music  of  Haydn.  In  1802  she  pub.  a  vol. 
of  Poems,  which  met  with  but  little  mercy  at  the  hands 
of  Lord  Jeffrey : 

"  Poetry  really  does  not  seem  to  be  her  vocation,  and  rather 
appears  to  have  been  studied  as  an  accomplishment  than  pursued 
from  any  natural  propensity." — Edin.  Rev.,  i.  421-426,  q.v. 

"All  of  her  verses  are  written  with  elegance  and  feeling,  and 
her  Death-Song  is  a  noble  strain,  almost  worthy  of  Campbell 
himself."— Blackwood's  Mag.,  xli.  409. 

Also  highly  commended  by  the  British  Critic  for  Octo 
ber,  1802. 

A  biographical  notice  of  Mrs.  Hunter  will  be  found  in 
Lon.  Gent.  Mag.,  Jan.  1821,  89-90. 

Hunter,  C.  G.  Russia;  being  a  complete  Picture  of 
the  Empire,  1818. 

Hunter,  Christopher,  1675-1757,  a  physician  of 
Durham.  1.  New  ed.  of  the  Ancient  Rites  and  Monu 
ments  of  the  Church  of  Durham,  1733.  Anon.  2.  Illust. 
of  Neale's  Hist,  of  the  Puritan?,  &c.,  1736,  8vo.  3.  Anti 
quarian  Con.  to  Phil.  Trans.,  1700,  '02,  '17,  '44. 

Hunter,  Christopher,  D.D.  Serm.,  Lon.,  1799, 
8vo. 

Hunter,  David,  D.D.  Hist,  of  Christ,  1770,  2  vols. 
12mo. 

Hunter,  G.  M.  Louis  and  Antoinetta;  a  Trag. 
1794,  8vo. 

Hunter,  Henry,D.D.,  1741-1802,  a  native  of  Culross, 
Perthshire,  pastor  of  the  Scotch  Church,  London  Wall, 
from  1771  until  his  death,  was  the  author  and  translator 
of  several  valuable  works.  1.  Sacred  Biography,  Lon., 
1783-1802,  7  vols.  8vo;  8th  ed.,  1820,  5  vols.  Svo;  1826, 
2  vols.  Svo.  Last  ed.,  with  Introduc.  by  Rev.  A.  Patter 
son,  1840,  imp.  Svo.  Formerly  very  popular.  2.  Lava- 
ter's  Essays  on  Physiognomy,  1789-98,  5  vols.  4to,  £30. 
3.  Serm.,  1793,  Svo.  4.  Letters  of  Euler,  1795,  2  vols. 
Svo.  5.  Serms.,  1795,  2  vols.  Svo.  6,  St.  Pierre's  Studies 
I  of  Nature,  Lon.,  1796-99,  5  vols.  Svo;  2d  ed.  in  3  vols.  r. 
I  Svo.  7.  Saurin's  Serms.,  1796,  Svo.  8.  Hist,  of  London 
and  its  Environs,  1796,  <fec.,  in  Pts.,  1811,  2  vols.  r.  4to. 
Of  little  value.  9.  Lects.  on  the  Evidences  of  Christianity, 
1798.  10.  Sonnini's  Travels  in  Egypt,  1799,  3  vols.  Svo. 
11.  Serms.,  Ac.,  with  Account  of  his  Life  and  Writings, 
1804,  2  vols.  Svo.. 

"  Several  of  these  discourses  are  upon  sacramental  occasions, 
and  afford  an  interesting  specimen  of  the  form  of  admission  as 
practised  by  the  Church  of  Scotland."— WALTER  WILSOX. 

See  Memoirs  prefixed  to  No.  11 ;  Rees's  Cyc. ;  Lon.  Gent. 
Mag.,  vol.  Ixxii.;  Chambers  and  Thomson's  Biog.  Diet,  of 
Eminent  Scotsmen,  1855,  iii.  144-147. 

Hunter,  Jac.     Epistolae  Miscellaneae,  Vien.,  Aust., 
1631,  Svo. 
I      Hunter,  James.     Farriery,  &c.,  Lon.,  1796,  Svo. 


HUN 


HUN 


Hunter,  James.  Swing-Plow,  Edin.,  1843,  Svo. 
See  Donaldson's  Agricult.  Biog. 

Hunter,  John,  1728-1793,  the  distinguished  anato 
mist  and  surgeon,  was  a  native  of  Long  Calderwood,  near 
Glasgow,  the  son  of  a  farmer,  and  the  youngest  of  ten 
children.  His  early  education  was  very  defective,  as  he 
preferred  amusement  to  the  studies  of  the  grammar-school 
which  he  occasionally  attended.  After  working  as  a  cabi 
net-maker's  apprentice  in  Glasgow  for  about  three  years, 
he  was  induced  in  his  twenty-first  year,  by  the  medical 
reputation  of  his  brother  William,  in  London,  to  offer 
himself  as  his  assistant.  He  arrived  in  London  in  1748, 
studied  anatomy  with  his  brother,  and  surgery  under  Che- 
selden,  and,  by  the  distinction  which  he  rapidly  acquired 
and  continued  to  augment,  gave  evidence  that  he  had 
found  his  proper  sphere  of  action.  1.  Nat.  Hist,  of  the 
Human  Teeth,  Lon.,  1771,  '78,  1803,  4to.  In  Dutch, 
Dordr.,  1773,  4to.  2.  Prac.  Treat,  on  Diseases  of  the 
Teeth,  Lon.,  1778,  4to.  Supp.  to  No.  1.  3.  Treat,  on  the 
Venereal  Disease,  1786,  4to.  New  ed.,  by  Joseph  Adams, 
M.D.,  1818,  Svo.  With  addits.  by  Ph.  Ricord,  edited  by 
F.  J.  Bumstead,  Phila.,  1853,  Svo.  4.  Observ.  on  Certain 
Parts  of  the  Animal  (Economy,  Lon.,  1786,  '87,  '90,  4to. 
New  ed.,  by  Owens,  1837,  4to.  5.  Treatise  on  the  Blood, 
Inflammation,  and  Gun-shot  Wounds;  with  the  Author's 
Life,  by  Everard  Home,  1797,  4to ;  1812,  2  vols.  Svo.  Dr. 
Hunter  contributed  many  papers  to  Phil.  Trans.,  Med. 
Com.,  and  Trans.  Med.  and  Chir.,  for  an  account  of  which 
and  edits,  of  his  works  see  Watt's  Bibl.  Brit.  A  collective 
ed.  of  his  Works,  with  Notes  and  Life,  by  Palmer,  was 
pub.  by  Longman  in  1838,  4  vols.  Svo,  £3  10s.  To  the 
above- noticed  Lives  by  Home  and  Palmer,  the  biographies 
by  Dr.  Joseph  Adams  and  Jesse  Foot,  and  the  Life  in 
Chambers  and  Thomson's  Biog.  Diet,  of  Eminent  Scots 
men,  and  that  in  the  Lives  of  British  Physicians,  we  refer 
the  reader  for  further  information  respecting  this  distin 
guished  anatomist  and  surgeon.  See  also  our  notice  of 
HOME,  SIR  EVERARD,  M.D.  Dr.  Hunter's  celebrated  col 
lection  of  comparative  anatomy,  Ac.,  which  cost  him 
£70,000,  was  bought  by  the  government  for  £15,000  and 
presented,  with  certain  conditions,  to  the  Royal  College 
of  Surgeons.  In  addition  to  authorities  cited  above,  see 
also  Disraeli  on  the  Literary  Character. 

Hunter,  Mrs.  John,  wife  of  the  preceding.  See 
HUNTER,  MRS.  ANNE. 

Hunter,  John,  M.D.,  Physician  to  the  Army,  pub. 
several  medical  treatises,  1775-93. 

Hunter,  John,  Admiral,  Royal  Navy.  1.  Transac. 
at  Port  Jackson,  <fec.,  Lon.,  1793,  4to.  2.  Scenery  of  My 
sore,  1805,  fol. 

Hunter,  John,  1747-1837,  Prof,  of  Humanity  in  the 
Univ.  of  St.  Andrew's  for  about  half  a  century,  and  sub 
sequently  Principal  of  the  United  College  of  St.  Salvador 
and  St.  Leonard,  pub.  excellent  edits,  of  Virgil,  Horace, 
Juvenal,  and  Flaccus,  1797-1806.  Dr.  Hunter  was  a  critic 
of  profound  erudition.  See  Edin.  Rev. ;  Lon.  New  Monthly 
Mag.,  1st  Ser.,  No.  77;  Lon.  Monthly  Mag.,  No.  341; 
Watt's  Bibl.  Brit. ;  art.  Grammar,  in  Encyc.  Brit. 

Hunter,  Rev.  John,  Vice-Principal  of  the  National 
Society's  Training  College,  Battersea,  has  pub.  several 
•works  on  English  Grammar,  English  Parsing,  Ac.,  Lon., 
1847-50. 

Hunter,  John.     A  Poem,  <fcc.,  1798,  1800,  both  Svo. 

Hunter,  John  Dunn.  Manners  and  Customs  of 
Several  Indian  Tribes  located  west  of  the  Mississippi,  Ac., 
Phila.,  1823,  Svo,  pp.  402.  Reprinted  in  London  in  the 
same  year,  under  the  title  of  Memoirs  of  a  Captivity 
among  the  Indians  of  North  America,  from  Childhood  to 
the  age  of  Nineteen,  &c.,  Svo,  pp.  447.  This  work  was 
very  favourably  received  in  England. 

"  The  perusal  of  Mr.  Hunter's  narrative  has  left  a  strong  con 
viction  on  our  minds  that  it  is  the  authentic  production  of  an 
individual  who  has  actually  passed  many  years  of  his  life  among 
the  Indians." — Lon.  Quar.  Rev.,  xxxi.  76-111. 

"  None  who  have  passed  a  single  afternoon  in  his  company, 
whatever  might  have  been  their  previous  impressions,  have  any 
longer  had  the  slightest  doubt  that  he  is  exactly  what  he  repre 
sents  himself  to.  be;  or  that  his  story,  recorded  as  it  is  entirely 
from  memory,  the  savages  among  whom  he  lived  having  no  writ 
ten  language,  is  perfectly  faithful." — Lon.  Month.  Rev.,  cii.  243- 
256;  368-381. 

"An  authentic,  most  amusing,  and  accurate  narrative."— 
Lowndes's  Bibl.  Man.,  986. 

But  audi  alteram  partem  : 

"Mr.  John  Dunn  Hunter  is  one  of  the  boldest  impostors  that 
has  appeared  in  the  literary  world  since  the  days  of  Psalmanazar. 
His  book  ...  is  a  worthless  fabrication."— GENERAL  LEWIS  CASS  : 
N.  Amer.  Rev.,  xxii,  94-108,  q.  v.  for  the  evidence  upon  which  this 
charge  is  founded. 

We  should  linger  a  moment  upon  this  theme,  but  our 


limited  space  forbids.  See  also  Blackw.  Mag.,  xvi.  639- 
640;  xvii.  56;  Lon.  Lit.  Gaz.,  1823,  242,  260,  278;  Rich's 
Bibl.  Amer.  Nova,  ii.  150,  186;  E.  Norgate's  pamphlet 
entitled  Mr.  John  Dunn  Hunter  defended,  Lon.,  1826,  Svo, 
pp.  38,  (an  answer  to  General  Cass,  in  the  N.  Amer.  Rev., 
supra;)  and  J.  Neale's  answer  to  Norgate. 

Hunter,  Joseph.     Funl.  Serm.,  1813. 

Hunter,  Rev.  Joseph,  Assistant  Keeper  of  the 
Public  Records,  a  learned  antiquary,  has  pub.  several 
valuable  works,  among  which  are  (1.)  Hist,  and  Topog. 
of  the  Deanery  of  Doncaster,  1828,  2  vols.  fol.,  £8  8*. ; 
large  paper,  £16  16*.  2.  Illust.  of  the  Life  and  Studies 
of  Shakspeare,  1845,  2  vols.  Svo.  3.  Founders  of  Ply 
mouth,  New  England,  1849,  p.  8vo.  4.  Collections  rel.  to 
Founders  of  Plymouth,  New  England,  1854,  p.  Svo.  See 
Lon.  Gent.  Mag.,  Dec.  1831;  Edin.  Rev.,  Oct.  1855;  N. 
Amer.  Rev.,  April,  1856;  Hallam's  Lit.  Hist,  of  England, 
1854,  ii.  176,  n. 

Hunter,  Maria.    Novels,  Lon.,  1792-98. 

Hunter,  Mrs.  Rachael,  of  Norwich,  d.  1813,  pub. 
a  number  of  novels,  &c.,  Lon.,  1801-10. 

"  Her  publications  are  all  of  a  strictly  moral  tendency."—  Watt's 
BibL  Brit. 

Hunter,  Robert,  Governor  of  Jamaica  from  1728 
until  his  death  in  1734,  was  the  author  of  the  celebrated 
Letter  on  Enthusiasm,  (ascribed  to  Swift  and  Shaftesbury,) 
and,  according  to  Coxeter,  a  farce,  called  Androboros.  See 
Nichols's  Lit.  Anec.;  Biog.  Dramat ;  Swift's  Works; 
Bancroft's  Hist.  U.  States. 

Hunter,  Robert.  Law  of  Landlord  and  Tenant  in 
Scot.;  2d  ed.,  Edin.,  2  vols.  Svo. 

Hunter,  Thomas,  Vicar  of  Weaverham,  Cheshire, 
d.  1777.  1.  On  Tacitus,  Lon.,  1752,  Svo.  2.  On  Lord  Bo- 
lingbroke,  1770,  Svo.  3.  Moral  Discourses  on  Providence, 
Warring.,  1774,  2  vols.  Svo. 

"  Superior  to  the  ordinary  class." — Lon.  Critical  Rev. 

4.  Reflections  on  Lord  Chesterfield's  Letters,  1776,  Svo. 

Hunter,  W.  P.  Narrative  of  the  Late  Expedition 
to  Syria  under  Admiral  Stopford,  Lon.,  1841,  2  vols.  p. 
Svo.  An  interesting  account  of  the  campaign  in  Syria. 

Hunter,  William,  1718-1783,  M.D.,  a  distinguished 
anatomist  and  physician,  brother  to  John  Hunter,  (ante,) 
was  also  a  native  of  Long  Calderwood,  near  Glasgow, 
the  son  of  a  farmer,  and  the  seventh  of  ten  children. 
After  pursuing  his  studies  for  five  years  in  the  University 
of  Glasgow,  with  the  intention  of  entering  the  church,  he 
was  induced  by  Dr.  Cullen  to  turn  his  attention  to  medi 
cine,  in  which  department  he  made  astonishing  progress. 
In  1741  he  settled  in  London,  where  his  talents  and  assi 
duity  soon  rendered  him  distinguished.  l.^VIedical  Com 
mentaries,  Pt.  1,  Lon.,  1762,  4to.  Supp.,  1764,  4to.  2. 
Anatomia  Humani  Uteri  Gravidi  Tabulis  [34]  illustrate, 
Lat.  and  Eng.,  Binning.,  1774,  atlas  fol.,  £6  6*.  A  splen 
did  work.  An  Anatomical  Description  of  the  Human 
Gravid  Uterus  and  its  Contents,  Lon.,  1794,  4to.  Edited 
by  Dr.  Baillie,  5s.  This  is  intended  to  supply  the  want 
of  a  descriptive  account  in  No.  2,  and  should  therefore 
accompany  it.  3.  Lects.  on  the  Gravid  Uterus  and  Mid 
wifery,  1783,  4to.  4.  Two  Introduc.  Lects.  to  Anatomical 
Course  of  Lects.,  1784,  4to.  Dr.  H.  also  contributed  a 
number  of  papers  to  Phil.  Trans.,  1743-84,  for  a  list  of 
which  see  Watt's  Bibl.  Brit.  He  possessed  a  collection  of 
Greek  and  Latin  books,  medals  and  coins,  which  cost  him 
more  than  £20,000.  Of  a  portion  of  the  coins,  a  catalogue 
was  pub.  by  his  friend,  Charles  Combe,  M.D.,  q.  v.  Hunter 
possessed  less  genius  than  his  brother  John,  (from  whom 
he  was  long  estranged,)  but  more  scholarship  and  far  more 
amiability  of  temper.  See  Account  of  Hunter's  Life  and 
Writings,  by  S.  F.  Symmons,  M.D.,  1783,  Svo;  Chambers 
and  Thomson's  Diet,  of  Eminent  Scotsmen,  1855,  iii.  147- 
156;  Lives  of  Brit.  Physicians;  Disraeli  on  the  Literary 
Character ;  Lon.  Month.  Rev.,  vols.  Ii.,  Ixxv.,  Ixxxvi.,  <fcc. 

Hunter,  William.     Customs  books,  1764-76. 

Hunter,  William.     Songs,  Edin.,  1764,  12mo. 

Hunter,  William.     Serais.,  Ac.,  1771-84. 

Hunter,  William,  d.  1815,  surgeon  in  East  Indies. 
1.  Account  of  Pegu,  Calcut.,  1785,  r.  Svo ;  Lon.,  1789, 
12mo.  In  French,  with  Notes  by  M.  Langles.  2.  Caverns 
near  Bombay,  Lon.,  1788,  12mo;  and  in  Archaeol.,  1785. 
3.  Diseases  incident  to  Indian  Seamen,  Calcutta,  1804, 
'24,  fol.  4.  Con.  to  Mem.  Med.,  1799.  5.  Con.  to  Trans. 
Linn.  Soc.,  1807. 

Hunter,  William.  Travels  in  1792  through  France, 
Turkey,  and  Hungary,  Lon.,  1798,  2  vols.  8vo;  3d  ed., 
1803,  2  vols.  Svo ;  70  copies  on  large  paper.  Severely 
criticized  by  Lord  Brougham  in  Edin.  Rev.,  iv.  207-214. 
Hunter  also  pub.  several  political  works,  1794-1811. 


HUN 


HUR 


Huntingdon.     See  HUNTING-TON. 
Huntingdon,  Henry  of.     See  HENRY. 
Huntingford,  Rev.  Edward.     Thoughts  on  some 
portions  of  the  Revelation  of  St.  John  the  Divine,  Lon., 
1852,  sm.  8vo. 

Huntingford,  George  Isaac,  D.D.,  1748-1832,  a 
native  of  Winchester,  educated  at  Winchester  Coll.  and 
New  Coll.,  Oxf. ;  Master  of  Westminster  School,  1772; 
Warden  of  Winchester  Coll.,  1789  :  Bishop  of  Gloucester, 
1802 ;  trans,  to  Hereford,  1815.  He  pub.  a  number  of 
educational  works  to  facilitate  the  study  of  Greek  and 
Latin,  some  sermons,  Thoughts  on  the  Trinity,  and  other 
theolog.  treatises.  In  1832,  8vo,  was  pub.  by  his  nephew, 
Henry  Huntingford,  the  bishop's  Theolog.  Works,— viz.  : 
Thoughts  on  the  Trinity,  (2d  ed.,)  Charges,  <fcc. 

"One  of  the  most  valuable  presents  which  its  Right  Rev. 
author  could  make  or  bequeath." — Lon.  Chris.  Rememb. 

"  The  author's  reasoning  is  strict  and  manly,  and  his  style  is 
scriptural,  energetic,  and  appropriate." — British  Critic. 

"  His  composition  is  easy  without  feebleness,  and  energetic 
without  stateliness." — Lon.  Month.  Rev. 

See  a  biographical  account  of  Bishop  H.  in  Lon.  Gent. 
Mag.,  June  and  Dec.  1832.  .See  Blackw.  Mag.,  xlii. 
697-698. 

Huntingford,  Henry*  !•  Pindari  Carmina,  1814, 
8vo.  2.  Dammi  Lexicon  Pindaricum,  1814,  8vo. 

Huntingford,  John.  1.  Case  of  the  Statute  Laws 
considered,  Lon.,  8vo.  2.  Laws  of  Masters  and  Servants, 
<fcc.,  1790,  8vo. 

Huntingford,  Thomas,  Vicar  of  Kempsford. 
Testimonies  in  proof  of  the  Separate  Existence  of  the 
Soul,  Lon.,  1829,  sm.  8vo.  Directed  against  the  notion 
of  Archbishop  Whately.  See  Lowndes's  Brit  Lib.,  802. 
Huntington,  E.  A.  Farewell  Serms.,  Albany, 
1855,  8vo. 

Huntington,  Ebenezer.  See  HUNTINGTON,  WIL 
LIAM,  S.S. 

Huntington,  Frederic  D.,  D.D.,  Preacher  to  the 
University,  and  Plutnmer  Prof,  of  Christian  Morals  in 
the  College  at  Cambridge,  b.  at  Hadley,  Mass.,  May"  28, 
1819;  graduated  at  Amherst  College,  1839;  ordained 
over  South  Congregational  Church,  Boston,  Oct.  19, 1842  ; 
appointed  Preacher  to  the  University  and  Plummer  Pro 
fessor  of  Christian  Morals  in  Harvard  College,  1855.  Dr. 
H.  is  the  author  of  Lessons  on  the  Parables  of  our  Saviour, 
Bost.,  18mo ;  Sermons  for  the  People,  1856,  12mo ;  about 
twenty  pamphlets, — Sermons,  Discourses,  and  Addresses; 
contributor  to  the  Monthly  Religious  Magazine,  The 
Christian  Register,  The  Christian  Examiner,  Democratic 
Review,  &c.  Compiler  (with  Dr.  Hedge)  of  Hymns  for 
the  Church  of  Christ.  Editor  of  The  Monthly  Religious 
Magazine  and  Independent  Journal,  and  of  American 
edits,  of  the  following  works  of  the  Rev.  Wm.  Mount- 
ford,  now  a  citizen  of  Boston : — 1.  Martyria,  Bost,  1846, 
12mo.  2.  Euthanasy.  3.  Christianity  the  Deliverance  of 
the  Soul  and  its  Life,  1846,  12ino.  Also  editor  of  an  Ame 
rican  ed.  of  Archbp.  Whately's  Christian  Morals,  1856, 
12mo.  A  biographical  and  descriptive  account  of  Dr. 
Huntington  will  be  found  in  Fowler's  American  Pulpit, 
N.  York,  1856,  289-315. 

Huntington,  J.  F.  Manual  of  Fine  Arts,  N.  York, 
1854,  12mo. 

Huntington,  Jedediah  Vincent,  b.  in  the  city 
of  New  York,  Jan.  1815,  was  for  some  years  a  physician, 
subsequently  a  clergyman  of  the  Prot  Epis.  Church,  and 
has  been  since  1849  a  Roman  Catholic  layman.  He  is  at 
present  (1856)  the  editor  of  The  Leader,  a  literary  and 
political  weekly  paper  devoted  to  R.  Catholic  interests, 
pub.  at  St.  Louis,  Mo.  Mr.  H.  was  formerly  editor  of  The 
Metropolitan  (R.  C.)  Magazine,  and  has  been  a  contri 
butor  to  Blaekwood,  The  Knickerbocker,  and  other  pe 
riodicals.  He  is  a  brother  of  Daniel  Huntington,  of  New 
York,  an  eminent  artist.  1.  Poems,  N.  York,  1843,  12mo. 
"  He  is  classical  and  Words  worthian.  He,  too,  [like  Longfel 
low,]  is  deeply  religious,  and  his  poems  have  a  sober  hue;  but 
they  are  so  carefully  chiselled  as  to  defy  critical  censure.  ...  A 
considerable  portion  of  this  volume  is  occupied  with  fragments 
and  inscriptions  from  the  Greek.  These  are,  in  general,  elegantly 
and  faithfully  done." — Lon.  Athenceum,  1844,  pp.  7-8. 

2.  Lady  Alice;  or,  The  New  Una,  N.  York  and  Lon., 
1849,  3  vols.  p.  8vo.  Severely  censured  in  the  N.  Amer. 
Rev.,  Ixx.  225-237,  by  A.  P.  Peabody. 

"  The  Lady  Alice  is  the  New  Una.  In  the  name  of  decency,  let 
her  remain  '  Una,'  and  be  the  Prima  to  no  successor  of  her  kith 
and  kin/' — p.  237,  ubi  gupra. 

"  The  tailoring  of  the  story  is  a  sublimation  of  Stultz,  and  the 
religion  is  Puseyism  run  mad."— Bost.  Liv.  Age,  xxi.  409. 

See  also  N.York  Church  Rev.,  ii.  505;  South.  Lit 
Mess.,  xv.  529. 


3.  Alban;    or,  the  History  of  a  Young  Puritan,  1S50. 
The  only  complete  and  unrnutilated  ed.  is  that  pub.  by 
Redfield,  N.  York,  1853,  2  vols.  12mo.     See  Amer.  Whig 
Rev.,  xiv.  488. 

4.  The  Forest:  a  Sequel  to  Alban,  1852, 12mo. 

"The  picture  of  American  scenery  is  painted  in  bright  and 
vivid  colours.  The  sports,  the  adventures,  the  perils,  of  an  Indian 
hunting-ground  are  put  before  the  reader's  mind  with  the  sharp 
outlines,  the  humour,  and  the  breadth,  of  real  life." — Lon.  At/ten., 
1853,  p.  13. 

5.  The  Pretty  Plate,  by  John  Vincent,  Esq.,  1852,  16mo. 
6.  America  Discovered;  a  Poem,  1853,  12mo. 

TRANSLATIONS.  7.  Franchere's  Narrative  of  a  Voyage  to 
the  Northwest  Coast  of  America  in  1811-14, 12mo,  1854.  8. 
Segur's  Short  and  Familiar  Answers  to  Objections  against 
Religion,  1854,  ISnio.  9.  Blonde  and  Brunette,  1859. 

Huntington,  Joseph,  D.D.,  1735-1794,  a  native 
of  Windham,  Conn.,  grad.  at  Yale  College  in  1762,  and 
in  1763  was  ordained  pastor  of  the  church  in  Coventry, 
Conn.  In  addition  to  several  serins,  and  theolog.  trea 
tises,  pub.  1774-83,  he  was  the  author  of  a  vol.  entitled 
Calvinism  Improved,  which  was  given  to  the  world  after 
his  death,  in  1796.  See  Allen's  Amer.  Biog.  Diet; 
Sprague's  Annals  of  the  Amer.  Pulpit,  i.  602-607. 

Huntington,  Joshua,  1786-1819,  minister  of  Bos 
ton,  Mass.,  grad.  at  Yale  College  in  1804,  pub.  Memoirs 
of  the  Life  of  Abigail  Waters,  1817.  See  Panopl.,  xvi. 
529-535 ;  N.  Haven  Chris.  Month.  Spec.,  i.  449. 

Huutington,  Robert,  D.D.,  1636-1701,  a  native  of 
Gloucestershire,  Master  of  Trin.  Coll.,  Dublin,  1683 ; 
Bishop  of  Raphoe,  1701.  Vita  ejus  et  Epistolae,  Editore 
Thoma  Smith,  Lon.,  1704,'  8vo.  Bp.  H.  contributed  a 
paper  to  Phil.  Trans.,  No.  161  :  and  some  of  his  Observa 
tions  will  be  found  in  John  Ray's  Collection  of  Curious 
Voyages  and  Travels,  1693,  2  vols.  8vo.  See  Biog.  Brit. ; 
Life,  by  Dr.  Smith,  ante. 

Huntington,  Susan,  1791-1823,  wife  of  the  Rev. 
Joshua  Huntington,  (ante,)  wrote  the  story  of  Little  Lucy, 
and  a  Letter  to  a  Friend  Recovered  from  Sickness,  which 
is  tract  No.  88  of  the  Amer.  Tract  Soc.  Her  Memoirs, 
with  her  Letters,  Journal,  and  Poetry,  were  pub.  by  B.  B. 
Wisner,  3d  ed.,  1829.  Five  edits,  have  been  issued  in 
Scotland.  See  N.  Haven  Chris.  Month.  Spec.,  viii.  309. 

Huntington,  William,  S.S.,  1744-1813,  for  many 
years  a  popular  Calvinist  Methodist  preacher  in  London, 
originally  a  labourer,  pub.  many  serrns.  and  theolog.  trea 
tises,  some  controversial,  others  experimental. 

His  works  were  pub.  in  1820,  20  vols.  8vo,  £12.  Select 
Works,  edited  by  his  son,  Ebenezer  Huntington,  1838,  6 
vols.  8vo.  New  ed.  of  his  Works,  1856,  6  vols.  demy  8vo, 
£2  2s.  The  last  edit,  is  pub.  by  W.  H.  Collingridge,  Lon., 
who  sells  many  of  the  different  works  separately.  This 
edit  contains  about  fifty  works  "  carefully  printed  from 
Mr.  Bensley's  edition,  without  the  least  abridgment,  at 
about  one-sixth  of  the  original  price."  Bensley's  edit  is 
the  one  above  noticed  in  20  vols.,  pub.  at  £12.  Two  vols. 
of  Huntington's  Letters  were  pub.  in  1851.  The  title  S.S. 
has  doubtless  puzzled  many.  We  give  the  bearer's  own 
explanation : 

"  As  I  cannot  get  a  D.D.  for  the  want  of  cash,  neither  can  I  get 
at  M.A.  for  want  of  learning;  therefore  I  am  compelled  to  fly  for 
refuge  to  S.S.,  by  which  I  mean  Sinner  Saved." 

An  account  of  Huntington,  by  Robert  Southey,  will  be 
found  in  a  review  of  his  works  by  the  latter  in  the  Lon. 
Quar.  Rev.,  xxiv.  462-510 ;  see  also  Lowndes's  Brit  Lib., 
641 ;  T.  B.  Macaulay's  Crit.  and  Hist.  Essays,  1854,  ii.  524- 
525;  Blackw.  Mag.,  xlv.  232. 

Hunt  Icy  and  Jtingslcy.  Argument  upon  a  De 
murrer  in  an  Action  of  False  Imprisonment,  Lon.,  1641, 
4to. 

Huntley,  Henry.  Observations  in  Morbis  Nauta- 
rum,  Lon.,  1728,  8vo. 

Huntley,  Capt.  Sir  Henry  V.,  R.N.  1.  Peregrine 
Scramble ;  or,  Thirty  Years'  Adventures  of  a  Blue  Jacket, 
Lon.,  1849,  2  vols.  p.  8vo.  See  Lon.  Athenseum,  1849,  p. 
195.  2.  Seven  Years  on  the  Slave  Coast  of  West  Africa, 
1850,  2  vols.  p.  8vo.  3.  California:  its  Gold  and  its  In 
habitants,  1856,  2  vols.  p.  8vo. 

Huntley,  Jjydia.  See  SIGOURNEY,  MRS.  LYDIA 
HUNTLEY. 

Huntley,  William,  i.e.  Prynne,  William. 

I  hi  nt  on ,  Philip,  a  Non-conformist  divine.  1.  Treat 
ise  of  Monarchy,  Lon.,  1643-44,  '89,  4to.  2.  Vindic.  of 
No.  1,  in  answer  to  Dr.  Fern's  Reply,  1644,  4to.  Anon.  See 
Athen.  Oxon.;  Nicolson's  Hist  Lib.  Sir  Robert  Filmer 
composed  his  Patriarcha  in  defence  of  the  divine  right  of 
kings,  against  Hunton. 

Hurd,  John  C.,  Counsellor-at-law  of  the  city  of  New 


HUR 


HUR 


Tork.  The  Law  of  Freedom  and  Bondage  in  the  United 
States,  Bosk,  1858 :  vol.  i.,  8vo. 

"  Justly  entitled  to  the  praise  of  being  one  of  the  most  learned 
works  ever  produced  in  this  country." — GEORGE  S.  HILLARD. 

Hurd,  John  R.  Hyponia;  or,  Thoughts  on  a  Spiritual 
Understanding  of  the  Apocalypse,  N.  York,  1844,  8vo. 

Hurd,  Philip.     Legal  publications,  1814. 

Hurd,  Richard,  D.D.,  1720-1808,  a  native  of  Con- 
greve,  Staffordshire,  admitted  of  Emanuel  Coll.,  Camb., 
1733;  one  of  the  Whitehall  Preachers,  1750;  Rector  of 
Thurcaston,  1757;  Rector  of  Yolkton,  Yorkshire,  1762; 
Preacher  of  Lincoln's  Inn,  1765;  Archdeacon  of  Glouces 
ter,  1767;  Bishop  of  Lichfield  and  Coventry,  1775;  trans, 
to  Worcester,  1781;  declined  the  Archbishopric  of  Canter 
bury,  1783.  His  principal  works  are  the  following: — 
1.  Commentary  on  Horace's  Ars  Poetica,  1749;  4th  ed., 
1763,  3  vols.  8vo.  New  ed.,  1776.  George  Colman  over 
threw  Kurd's  Hypothesis,  and  Hurd  admitted  that  Colman 
was  right.  See  COLMAN,  GEORGE,  the  elder.  See  Hallam's 
Lit.  Hist,  of  Europe,  ed.  1854,  iii.  94,  509;  Green's  Diary 
of  a  Lover  of  Lit.,  1810,  41,  218.  The  eulogy  lavished  by 
Hurd,  in  this  Commentary,  on  Warburton,  gained  him  the 
friendship  of  that  prelate.  2.  Comment,  on  Horace's  Epis- 
tola  ad  Augustum ;  with  a  Discourse  on  Poetical  Imitation, 
1751.  Warburton  considered  this  Commentary  "one  of 
the  most  masterly  pieces  of  criticism  ever  written." 

"Hurd  extracts  an  order  and  coherence  which  I  am  unable  to 
recognise  in  the  original."— Green's  Diary  of  a  Lover  of  Lit.,  pp.  40, 

3.  Dialogues  on  Sincerity,  Retirement,  the  Golden  Age 
of  Elizabeth,  and  the  Constitution  of  the  English  Govern 
ment,  1759,  8vo.  Anon.    Repub.  along  with  his  Letters  on 
Chivalry  and  Romance,  (pub.  1762,  8vo,)  and  Dialogues  on 
Foreign  Travel,  (pub.  1764,  8vo,)  under  the  title  of  Dia 
logues,  Moral  and  Political,  1765,  3  vols.  Svo ;  3d  ed.,  1771, 
3  vols.  sm.  Svo.     Again,  1788,  3  vols.  Svo.     The  first  ed. 
(1759)  contains  some  passages  which  were  omitted  in  the 
subsequent  edit. ;  but  see  Green's  Diary  of  a  Lover  of  Lit., 
p.  71. 

"  Dr.  Hurd,  it  is  well  known,  published,  at  one  time  of  his  life, 
Moral  and  Political  Dialogues,  with  a  woeful  Whiggish  cast." — 
BoswelVs  Life  of  Johnson. 

"  There  is  a  dialogue  by  Dr.  Hurd  on  the  times  and  personal 
qualities  of  Elizabeth,  which  is  not  long,  and  well  worth  reading, 
where  her  character  is  very  severely  criticized."— Prof.  Smyth's 
Lects.  on  Mod.  Hist. 

'•  I  have  now  seen  the  whole  of  the  Letters  on  Chivalry,  and  am 
wonderfully  taken  with  them.  They  cannot  but  please  all  persons 
of  taste  greatly.  They  are  the  petit-piece  to  that  noble  work,  The 
Dialogues,  in  which  there  is  all  the  correctness  of  Addison's  style, 
and  a  strength  of  reasoning  under  the  direction  of  judgment  far 
superior.  The  author  is  one  of  the  best  scholars  in  the  kingdom, 
and  of  parts  and  genius  equal  to  his  learning,  and  a  moral  cha 
racter  that  adorns  both." — BISHOP  WARBURTON. 

"  After  all,  there  is  something  offensive  to  correct  feeling  and  just 
taste  in  thus  imputing  fictitious  conversations  to  real  personages; 
and,  though  Mr.  Hurd  has  executed  his  task  with  delicacy  and 
address,  I  cannot  help  thinking  that  he  has  set  a  mischievous 
example." — Green's  Diary  of  a  Lover  of  Lit.,  p.  69. 

4.  Select  Works  of  Abraham  Cowley,  1769,  2  vols.  Svo. 
5.  An  Introduction  to  the  Study  of  the  Prophecies  cone, 
the  Christian  Church ;  and  in  particular  cone,  the  Ch.  of 
Papal  Rome,  1772,  Svo ;  1788,  2  vols.  Svo.     Repub.  in  col 
lective  edits,  of  his  Works ;  also  new  ed.,  with  Prefatory 
Remarks  by  Rev.  E.  Bickersteth,  1839,  fp.  Svo. 

"  He  contends  for  the  double  sense  of  many  of  the  prophecies. 
On  this  subject,  and  on  various  other  principles  essential  to  the 
right  interpretation  of  the  prophetic  Scriptures,  his  work  well 
deserves  to  be  consulted." — Orme's  Bibl.  Bib. 

"  This  elegantly-written  and  learned  volume  has  long  been 
known  and  duly  appreciated  by  the  public.  The  subject  is  here 
opened  in  the  most  masterly  and  instructive  manner  by  Bishop 
Hurd."— Horne's  Bibl.  Bib. 

"  A  judicious  outline  on  the  plan  of  Mede."— Bicker steth's  C.  S. 

See  also  Brit.  Critic,  0.  S.,  xxvii.  652-653. 

"  His  style,  abating  a  few  affected  impurities  from  quaint  idioms 
and  colloquial  cant,  is  really  a  fine  one;  and  his  account  of  Mede, 
in  the  10th  Discourse,  is  in  every  respect — in  sublimity  of  concep 
tion,  and  in  felicity,  force,  and  grandeur  of  expression— worthy  of 
Burke."— Green's  Diary  of  a  Lover  of  Lit.,  pp.  163-164. 

And  see  Warton's  Hist,  of  Eng.  Poet.,  ed.  1840,  ii.  60. 

6.  Serins,  preached  at  Lincoln's  Inn,  1776-80,  3  vols. 
Svo;  1785,  3  vols.  Svo. 

"  His  style  is  always  perspicuous,  and  often  extremely  elegant, 
his  method  is  natural  and  easy,  and  his  manner  in  general  simple 
and  frequently  striking." — Lon.  Month.  Rev. 

And  see  Green's  Diary  of  a  Lover  of  Lit.,  165-166. 

7.  Serms.  preached  before  the  Lords,  1777, 4to.    8.  Works 
of  Bishop  Warburton,  1788,  7  vols.  4to.     New  ed.,  1811, 
12  vols.  Svo.     9.  Life  of  Warburton,  1794,  4to.     10.  Ad 
dison's  Works,  with  Philological  Notes,  1810,  6  vols.  Svo. 

"  Never  were  my  bumble  expectations  more  miserably  disap 
pointed!  It  seemed  to  me  as  a  sad  'potato-roasting'  performance 
from  such  a  quarter."— Dibdin's  Lib.  Comp.,  ed.  1825,  p.  613. 


See  ABDISON,  JOSEPH  ;  GREENE,  GEORGE  WASHINGTON. 
A  collective  ed.  of  Bishop  Kurd's  Works,  with  Life  by 
himself,  appeared  in  1811,  8  vols.  Svo.  This  edit,  com 
prises  (1.)  Serms.  and  Charges;  2.  Introduc.  to  the  Study 
of  the  Prophecies;  3.  Moral  and  Political  Dialogues; 
4.  Letters  on  Chivalry  and  Romance;  5.  Critical  Works 
and  Dissertations,  including  his  Horace.  In  1808,  4to, 
1809,  Svo,  were  pub.  Warburton's  Letters  to  Hurd,  of 
which  a  lively  review  by  Lord  Jeffrey  will  be  found  in 
Edin.  Rev.,  Jan.  1809;  and  in  his  contrib.  to  Edin.  Rev., 
Lon.,  1853,  880-893.  In  addition  to  authorities  cited 
above,  see  Disraeli's  Quarrels  of  Authors,  and  his  Curi 
osities  of  Lit.;  Nichols's  Lit.  Anec. ;  Goodhugh's  Eng. 
Gent.  Lib.  Man.,  155-156 ;  Lon.  Quar.  Rev.,  vii.  383,  (by 
Rev.  T.  D.  Whitaker;)  Blackw.  Mag.,  xxix.  379,  n.  901; 
xxxvi.  427. 

"  The  most  sensible  and  judicious  of  modern  critics." — THOMAS 
WARTON. 

fl  Warburton,  and  his  imitator  Hurd,  and  other  living  critics 
of  that  school,  are  loaded  with  familiar  idioms,  which  at  present 
would  debase  even  the  style  of  conversation." — Disraeli's  Miscett. 
of  Lit.:  Style. 

"  Hurd  has  perhaps  the  merit  of  being  the  first  who  in  this  coun 
try  aimed  at  philosophical  criticism :  he  had  great  ingenuity,  a  good 
deal  of  reading,  and  a  facility  in  applying  it;  but  he  did  not  feel 
very  deeply,  was  somewhat  of  a  coxcomb,  and  having  always  before 
his  eyes  a  model  neither  good  in  itself  nor  made  for  him  to  emulate, 
he  assumes  a  dogmatic  arrogance,  which,  as  it  always  offends  the 
reader,  so  for  the  most  part  stands  in  the  way  of  the  author's  own 
search  for  truth."— Hallam's  Lit.  Hist,  of  Europe,  4th  ed.,  Lon.,  1854, 
Hi.  475.  n. 

Hurd,  Seth  T.  Grammatical  Corrector,  Phila.,  1847, 
12mo. 

Hurd,  Win.,  D.D.  1.  View  of  all  the  Religious  Rites, 
Ceremonies,  and  Customs  of  the  Whole  World,  fol.,  «.  a. 
New  ed.,  Newcastle-upon-Tyne,  1812,  4to.  Frequently 
recommended  by  Dr.  Saml.  Parr. 

Hurdis,  George.     French  Finances,  1818. 

Hurdis,  James,  D.D.,  1763-1801,  a  native  of  Sussex, 
educated  at  St.  Mary's  Hall  and  Magdalene  Coll.,  Oxf. ; 
Rector  of  Bishopstone,  1791 ;  Prof,  of  Poetry  at  Oxford, 
1793.  He  pub.  a  number  of  Poems,  Lectures  on  Poetry, 
Sermons,  and  theolog.  works.  A  collective  ed.  of  his 
Poetical  Works  was  pub.  at  Oxford  in  1808,  3  vols.  Svo. 
Reviewed  in  Lon.  Retrosp.  Rev.,  vol.  i.  (1S20)  58-70.  The 
critic  remarks  that  Hurdis  bad  imbibed  so  much  of  the 
manner  and  spirit  of  the  author  of  The  Task 

"  As  to  entitle  him,  without  much  inaccuracy,  to  the  title  of  a 
disciple  of  Cowper." 

Hurdis's  best-known  poetical  compositions  are  The  Vil 
lage  Curate,  1788,  tragedy  of  Sir  Thomas  More,  1792,  and 
The  Favourite  Village,  1800.  His  theological  works  are 
— 1.  A  Short  Critical  Disquisition  on  the  true  meaning  of 
the  word  DyjilH  [which  he  contends  signifies  the  Croco 
dile]  found  in  Genesis  i.  21,  Lon.,  1790,  Svo.  2.  Select 
Critical  Remarks  upon  the  Eng.  Version  of  the  First  Ten 
Chaps,  of  Genesis,  1793,  Svo.  3.  12  Dissert,  on  Psalm 
and  Prophecy,  1800,  Svo. 

"His  observations  on  the  beginning  of  Genesis  are  very  judi 
cious." — Orme's  Bibl.  Bib. 

See  life  prefixed  by  Miss  Hurdis  to  the  Oxford  ed.  of 
his  Poems;  Hayley's  Life  of  Cowper;  Lon.  Month.  Rev. 

Hurford,  Mrs.  John,  of  Altrincham.  1.  Com 
pendious  Chart  of  Ancient  Hist,  and  Biography.  2.  Brief 
Summary  of  Ancient  Hist.,  12mo.  To  accompany  No.  1. 

"This  Chart  is  constructed  with  great  ingenuity.  ...  It  in 
some  measure  combines  the  advantages  of  both  Dr.  Priestley's 
charts,  the  Biographical  and  Historical." — Lon.  Month.  Rev. 

Hurlbut,  E.  P.  1.  Civil  Offices  and  Political  Ethics, 
N.  York,  1844,  12mo.  2.  Essays  on  Human  Rights  and 
their  Political  Guarantees,  1845,  12mo.  With  Pref.  by 
G.  Combe,  Lon.,  1847,  r.  Svo. 

Hurlbut,  William  Henry,  b.  July  3,  1827,  in 
Charleston,  S.C.,  graduated  at  Harvard  Univ.  1847.  Gan 
Eden  ;  or,  Pictures  of  Cuba,  Bost.,  1854, 12mo;  Lon.,  1855, 
16mo,  (vol.  xc.  of  Longman's  Travellers'  Lib.)  A  versatile 
writer  of  ability.  He  has  contributed  largely  to  American 
periodicals  and  to  the  Edinburgh  and  other  British  Quar 
terlies. 

Hurlestone,  Randall.  Newes  from  Rome  cono. 
the  Masse,  Ac.,  Canterb.  *.  a.,  16mo,  Hibbert,  4073,  £2  5». 

Hurley, Absalom.  On Non-Residence,Lon.,1759,4to. 

Hurlock,  Joseph.     Dentition,  Lon.,  1742,  Svo. 

Hurlstone,  Edwin  T.  1.  Prac.  Treat,  on  the  Law 
of  Bonds,  Phila.,  1835,  Svo.  2.  Excheq.  Reports :  see 
HORN,  HENRY. 

Hurlstone,  Thomas.  Plays  and  Novels,  Lon., 
1792-1803.  See  Biog.  Dramat.;  Watt's  Bibl.  Brit. 

Hurly,  James.     Astronomy,  Lon.,  1771,  8vo. 

Hurn,  Wm.     Poems,  Lon.,  1777  '84,  both  4to. 

Hum,  Wm.  Principles  of  the  Church,  Lon.,  1790,  Svo. 


IIUR 


HUT 


Hnrrion,  John,  1675P-1731,  a  Congregational 
minister  at  Denton,  Norfolk,  and  subsequently  in  Hare 
Court,  London,  was  the  author  of  some  excellent  sermons 
and  theological  treatises,  the  best-known  of  which  is  that 
on  the  Holy  Spirit,  (in  XVI.  Serms.  at  Pinner's  Hall,) 
1734,  Svo.  An  edit,  of  his  Discourses  was  pub.  in  1727, 
3  vols.  Svo;  and  his  Whole  Works,  now  first  collected, 
with  a  Life,  appeared  in  1823,  3  vols.  12mo.  There  have 
been  also  new  edits,  of  several  of  his  works. 

"For  the  great  and  judicious  Hurrion's  XVI.  Sermons,  [on  the 
Holy  Spirit,]  I  have  no  words  to  express  my  esteem.  They  com 
mand  wonder,  and  exceed  all  my  recommendation." — Ry  land's 
Cotton  Mather's  Student. 

"  He  appears  from  his  publications  to  have  been  a  close  reasoner, 
and  very  capable  of  exhausting  a  subject.  His  style  is  natural, 
unaffected,  and  manly;  possessing  a  gravity  without  dulness,  and 
smartness  that  never  degenerates  into  levity." — WALTER  WILSON. 

Drs.  Ridgley,  Gill,  and  other  authorities,  also  highly 
commend  Hurrion's  works.  And  see  Lon.  Evangel.  Mag., 
Jan.  1827. 

Hurry,  Mrs.  Ives,  formerly  Miss  Mitchell,  pub.  a 
number  of  Tales  for  Young  Persons,  Lon.,  1797-1803,  <&c. 

Hurry,  Thomas.  Interest  Tables,  Lon.,  1786, 12mo. 

Hurst,  Henry.     Serms.,  1659-90. 

Hurst,  Richard.  Trans,  of  M.  Gombauld's  prose 
Romance,  Endyrnion,  Lon.,  1637,  Svo.  Hurst  was  Secre 
tary  to  Sir  Rob.  Anstruther,  Ambassador  from  England 
to  Vienna. 

Hurst,  Thomas,  D.D.     Serms.,  1637-44. 

Hursthouse,  Charles,  Jr.  1.  Acct.  of  New  Ply 
mouth  in  N.  Zealand,  Lon.,  1849,  p.  Svo.  A  work  of 
authority.  2.  Emigration  :  Where  to  Go  and  Who  should 
Go,  1852,  12mo. 

Hurtley,Thomas.  Curiosities  near  Malham,1786,Svo. 

Hurton,  Wm.  1.  Poems,  Lon.,  1845,  12md.  2.  A 
Voyage  from  Leith  to  Lapland,  1851,  2  vols.  p.  Svo  ;  1852, 
8vo.  3.  The  Doomed  Ship ;  or,  The  Wreck  of  the  Arctic 
Regions,  1855,  12mo. 

Hurwitz,  Hyman,  Prof,  of  Hebrew  in  Univ.  Coll., 
London.  1.  Elements  of  the  Hebrew  Language,  Pt.  1, 
Orthography,  Lon.,  1807,  Svo ;  4th  ed.,  1848,  Svo.  2. 
Etymology  and  Syntax  of  the  Hebrew  Language ;  4th  ed., 
1850,  Svo.  3.  Hebrew  Grammar  j  4th  ed.,  1850,  Svo. 

"  Mr.  Hurwitz's  Grammar  is  the  best  elementary  work  of  its  kind 
extant  in  the  English  language."— Lon.  Jour,  of  Education,  No.  IX. 

4.  Vindicise  Hebraicae ;  or,  A  Defence  of  the  Hebrew 
Scriptures,  1820,  8vo. 

"A  most  admirable  work."— ion.  Quar.  Rev. 

We  have  already  noticed  this  answer  to  the  misrepre 
sentations  of  John  Bellamy,  q.  v.  See  also  Home's  Bibl.  Bib. 

Husband,  Edward.  1.  Collect,  of  Passages  be 
tween  the  King  and  Parliament,  Dec.  1641,  to  Mar.  1643, 
4to.  2.  Collect  of  all  the  Public  Orders,  <fcc.  of  Parlia 
ment,  Mch.  19,  1642,  to  Dec.  1646,  fol.,  1646. 

Husband,  J.,  of  Neston.  Five  Serms.,  Lon.,  1829,8vo. 

Huskell,  Rev.  John.    Avon ;  a  Poem,  1811. 

Huskinson,  Eliza.  The  Song  of  the  Spheres;  a 
Poem,  Lon.,  1853,  fp.  Svo. 

Huskisson,  William,  M.P.,  1770-1830,  a  native 
of  Birch-Moreton,  Worcestershire,  an  eminent  statesman, 
lost  his  life  in  consequence  of  having  his  legs  crushed  by 
a  steam-engine  at  the  opening  of  the  Liverpool  and  Man 
chester  Railway.  A  collective  edit,  of  his  Speeches,  [both 
in  and  out  of  Parliament,]  with  a  Brief  Memoir,  was  pub., 
Lon.,  1831,  3  vols.,  £2  2s.  in  Svo  or  £3  3s.  in  r.  Svo. 
Amer.  ed.,  edited  by  Robert  Walsh,  Phila.,  Svo.  His 
Speeches  on  Corn-Laws,  Currency,  and  Commerce,  are 
among  the  best  in  the  language. 

"  The  Speeches  of  Mr.  Huskisson  ought  to  be  the  manual  of 
financiers." — Lon.  Athenaeum. 

"  To  the  political  and  commercial  world,  a  work  of  greater  in 
terest  than  the  present  could  not  be  offered."— Lon.  Lit.  Gaz. 

See  also  the  Spectator,  Times,  Courier,  and  the  Asiatic 
Journal. 

*v"  ?e  had  great  P°wers  of  thought  and  application,  but  neither 
the  nre  of  genius  nor  the  soul  of  poetry  in  his  character."— SIR 
ARCHIBALD  ALISON:  Hist,  of  Europe,  1789-1815,  q.v. 

See  also  his  Hist  of  Europe,  1815-52,-  Life,  prefixed  to 
Speeches ;  Index  to  Blackw.  Mag.,  vols.  i.-l.  j  Eraser's 
Mag.,  ii.  251 ;  Lon.  Gent.  Mag.,  1830,  Pt.  2,  265,  366, 
649,  650.  Huskisson  contributed  much  personal  assist 
ance  to  Wm.  Jacob's  Hist.  Inquiry  into  the  Production 
and  Consumption  of  the  Precious  Metals,  1831,  2  vols.  Svo. 

Hussey,  A.  Notes  on  Ancient  Churches  in  the 
Counties  of  Kent,  Sussex,  and  Surrey,  Lon.,  1852,  Svo 

Hussey,  Christopher,  D.D.,  Rector  of  West  Wick- 
ham,  Kent.  1.  XII.  Serms.,  Lon.,  1753,  Svo.  2.  XX. 
Serms.,  1758,  Svo. 

"  The  author  has  given  strong  evidences  of  critical  saeacitv  and 
solid  judgment."— Lon.  Month.  Rev. 


Hussey,  G.  Hist,  &c.  of  the  World,  Lon.,  1670. 
12mo. 

Hussey,  Garret,  M.D.     On  Fever,  Dubl.,  1784,  Svo. 

"An  attempt  to  revive  "the  old  doctrine  of  Error  Loci."— Dr. 
Watt's  Bib.  Brit. 

Hussey,  Joseph,  a  Congregational  Calvinist  divine 
of  Cambridge,  England.  1.  Serms.,  1693,  Svo.  2.  Serm., 
1704,  4to.  3.  Glory  of  Christ  Unveiled,  1706,  4to.  4. 
God's  Operations  of  Grace,  1707,  Svo,  Recently  repub. 
Hussey's  works  are  scarce.  See  Wilson's  Hist,  of  Dis 
senting  Churches;  Lowndes's  Brit.  Lib.,  738,  746. 

Hussey,  Robert,  1801-1856,  Regius  Prof,  of  Eccles. 
Hist,  Oxf.,  late  Censor  of  Christ  Church,  and  Whitehall 
Preacher.  1.  Serms.,  Oxf.,  1849,  8vo.  2.  The  Papal  Su 
premacy,  1851,  12mo. 

Hussey,  T.  J.,  D.D.,  Rector  of  Hayes,  Kent  The 
Holy  Bible,  with  a  Comment;  in  Pts.  r.  Svo,  1843,  <fec. 

Hussey,  Mrs.  T.  J.  Illustrations  of  British  My 
cology,  1849-55:  1st  Sen,  90  col'd  Plates,  £7  12*.  6e/.; 
2d  Ser.,  50  col'd  Plates,  £4  10s.  A  splendid  work.  See 
Lon.  Gardener's  Chronicle. 

Hussey,  Thomas,  R.  Catholic  Bishop  of  Waterford, 
the  principal  founder  of  Maynooth  College,  pub.  a  number 
of  Sermons.  His 

"  Eloquence  in  the  pulpit  was  really  great,  but  it  rather  subdued 
than  satisfied  reason." — CHARLES  BUTLER. 

Hussey,  Wm.   Theolog.  treatises,  <fcc.,  Lon.,  1646-47. 

Hussey,  Wm.  Letters  to  a  Brother,  1811,  2  vols.  12mo. 

Hussey,  Wm.  1.  A  Monitor  for  Young  Ministers  of 
the  Gospel,  Lon.,  1828,  12mo. 

"  Sound  sense,  solid  argument,  and  sober  advice." — Lon.  Chris. 
Rememb. 

2.  Explan.  of  the  Order  and  Contents  of  the  Bible. 

Huston,  C.     Land-Titles  in  Penna,,  Phila.,  1849,  Svo. 

"  The  author  is  thoroughly  versed  on  this  subject."— JUDGE  R. 
C.GRIER. 

Hutcheson,  Archibald,  d.  1740,  pub.  several  works 
on  politics,  political  economy,  <fec.,  the  most  important  of 
which  is  the  Collec.  of  Treatises  relating  to  the  National 
Debts  and  Funds,  Lon.,  1721,  '25,  2  vols.  fol.  Hwtcheson 
suggested  a  mode  of  paying  off  the  public  delft,  for  an 
account  of  which  see  Hume's  Essay  on  Public  Credit; 
McCulloch's  Lit  of  Polit  Econ.,  319;  Blackw.  Mag., 
xxiii.  345. 

Hutcheson,  C.  Southern  Mariners,  a  Tale  of  Pata 
gonia;  a  Poem,  Lon.,  1853,  12mo. 

Hutcheson,  Francis,  1694-1747,  a  native  of  the 
North  of  Ireland,  where  his  father  was  a  Presbyterian 
minister,  entered  the  University  of  Glasgow  in  1710, 
studied  divinity,  and  was  licensed  to  preach.  When 
about  to  assume  the  pastoral  charge  of  a  small  Presbyte 
rian  congregation  in  the  North  of  England,  he  was  per 
suaded  to  open  an  academy  in  Dublin,  Avhich  was  liberally 
encouraged.  In  1729  he  became  Professor  of  Moral  Phi 
losophy  in  the  Univ.  of  Dublin.  In  1725  he  pub.  An  In 
quiry  into  the  Original  of  our  Ideas  of  Beauty  and  Virtue, 
and  in  1728  an  Essay  on  the  Passions  and  Affections.  He 
also  pub.  some  manuals  for  his  class,  <fec.  His  great  work 
— A  System  of  Moral  Philosophy,  with  the  Life,  Writings, 
and  Character  of  the  Author,  by  Dr.  Wm.  Leechman — was 
pub.  by  his  son,  Francis  Hutcheson,  M.D.,  in  1755,  Glas 
gow,  2  vols.  4to.  His  Letters  on  Virtue  appeared  in  1772, 
Svo.  Hutcheson  is  a  warm  advocate  of  the  doctrine  of  an 
implanted  moral  sense,  intended  as  a  governing  principle 
in  the  conduct  of  human  actions.  He  undoubtedly  did 
much  to  increase — he  may  almost  be  said  to  have  esta 
blished — the  school  of  Shaftesbury  and  Butler  in  Scotland. 
At  this  we  need  not  marvel,  when  we  read  the  glowing 
tribute  paid  to  his  philosophical  orations  by  an  eminent 
authority  of  our  own  day  : 

"  His  Lectures,  by  their  copious  illustrations,  their  amiable  tone 
of  feeling,  their  enlightened  views  of  liberty  and  human  improve 
ment,  and  their  persuasive  eloquence,  made  a  deeper  impression 
than  the  more  severe  and  dry  compositions  of  Butler  could  ever 
create,  and  laid  the  foundation  in  Scotland  of  the  modern  ethical 
school."— LORD  BROUGHAM  :  Lives  of  Philosophers  of  the  Time  of 
Geo.  HI.,  art.  Adam  Smith,  ed.  1855, 166. 

"  Butler  and  Hutcheson  coincided  in  the  two  important  posi 
tions,  that  disinterested  affections,  and  a  distinct  moral  faculty, 
are  essential  parts  of  human  nature.  Hutcheson  is  a  chaste  and 
simple  writer,  who  imbibed  the  opinions  without  the  literary  faults 
of  his  master,  Shaftesbury.  He  has  a  clearness  of  expression  and 
fulness  of  illustration  which  are  wanting  in  Butler.  But  he  is 
inferior  to  both  these  writers  in  the  appearance  at  least  of  origi 
nality,  and  to  Butler  especially  in  that  philosophical  courage 
•which,  when  it  discovers  the  fountains  of  truth  and  falsehood, 
leaves  others  to  follow  the  streams.  ...  Hutcheson  was  the  father 
of  the  modern  school  of  philosophy  in  Scotland." — SIR  JAME8 
MACKINTOSH  :  Prelim.  Dissert.  Encyc.  Brit.,  and  in  his  Works,  1854, 
i.  127,  129. 

But  the  honour  assigned  to  Hutcheson  in  the  last  para 
graph  cannot  pass  unchallenged.  This  distinction  is 


HUT 


HUT 


awarded,  by  the  great  philosopher  who  has  just  closed  his 
eyes  upon  the  world,  to  Hutcheson's  predecessor  at  Glas 
gow: 

'^Carmichael  may  be  regarded,  on  good  grounds,  as  the  real 
founder  of  the  Scottish  school  of  philosophy." — SIR  WILLIAM 
HAMILTON  :  Reid's  Collected  Writings,  p.  30. 

The  attention  of  the  reader  is  called  to  Dr.  Leechman's 
Life  of  Hutcheson,  noticed  above : 

"  A  fine  piece  of  philosophical  biography." — SIR  JAMES  MACKIN 
TOSH  :  ubi  supra. 

See  also  Biog.  Brit,  Supp. ;  Tytler's  Life  of  Kames  ; 
Stewart's  Life  of  Dr.  Adam  Smith. 

Hutcheson,  George,  one  of  the  ministers  of  Edin 
burgh.  1.  Expos,  of  the  XII.  Small  Prophets,  1655,  3 
vols.  sm.  8vo ;  1657,  fol. ;  best  edit. 

"  The  book  presents  much  in  little,  and  breathes  out  much  of 
God  and  godliness." — E.  CALAMY. 

"Spiritual,  full,  pithy,  and  evangelical." — BickersteWs  C.  S. 

"  Deserves  the  same  character  as  the  author's  other  work  on  Job." 
—Dr.  E.  Williams' s  C.  P. 

See  Nos.  2  and  3. 

2.  Expos,  of  the  Gospel  according  to  John,  1657,  fol.  ; 
1841,  r.  Svo. 

"  Very  full  in  drawing  out  the  various  practical  lessons  on  every 
verse." — Bicker  steWs  C.  S. 

"  They  [Expositions  of  the  Minor  Prophets  and  of  John]  are  very 
excellent  pieces  of  composition,  as  doctrinal  and  practical  works, 
in  which  department  all  the  writers  of  this  class  excelled."— 
Orme's  Bibl.  Bib. 

See  No.  1. 

3.  Expos,  upon  Job;  being  the  sum  of  316  Lects.,  1669, 
fol. 

"  It  contains  many  valuable  observations." — Home's  Bibl.  Bib. 

"A  work  of  considerable  merit.  His  method  is  perspicuous, 
and  his  observations  founded  on  the  text  are  judicious  and  pro 
fitable."—  Williams' s  C.  P. 

See  No.  1. 

"Full  and  evangelical." — Bicker  steMs  C.  S. 

Calamy  compliments  Hutcheson  by  calling  him  "  another 
David  Dickson."  4,  XIV.  Serms.  upon  the  130th  Psalm, 
Edin.,  1691,  Svo. 

Hutcheson,  Gilbert.  Treat,  on  Offices  of  Justice 
of  the  Peace,  Constable,  &c.,  Edin.,  1806,  3  vols.  r.  Svo; 
1815,  4  vols.  r.  Svo.  A  work  of  authority. 

Hutcheson,  Robert  K.  1.  Excise  Informations, 
Ac.,  Brisk,  1797,  Svo.  2.  Excise  Laws,  &c.,  Lon.,  179S, 
Svo. 

Hutchings,  Thomas.     Serm.,  Lon.,  1810,  Svo. 

Hutchins,  Hutchin,  or  Hutchings,  Edward, 
pub.  several  serms.  and  theolog.  treatises.  See  Bliss's 
Wood's  Athen.  Oxon.,  ii.  452-453. 

Hutchins,  John,  169S-1773,  a  native  of  Bradford- 
Peverel,  educated  at  Balliol  College,  was  Rector  of  the 
Church  of  the  Holy  Trinity  at  Warehain.  Hist,  and  Antiq. 
of  County  of  Dorset,  Lon.,  1774,  2  vols.  fol.  Posth.  2d  ed., 
corrected  and  augmented  and  improved  by  R.  Gough  and 
John  B.  Nichols,  1796-1815,  4  vols.  fol.,  £50  ;  large  paper, 
£70.  A  most  valuable  work.  See  Upcott's  Eng.  Topog.; 
Lowndes's  Bibl.  Man. ;  Bibl.  Top.  Brit.,  No.  34  ;  Nichols's 
Lit.  Anec. ;  Chalmers's  Biog.  Diet. ;  Lon.  Gent.  Mag.,  vol. 
Ixxxi. 

Hutchins,  Richard,  D.D.,  d.  1781,  Vicar  of  Cul- 
worth.  1.  III.  Discourses,  1771.  2.  X.  Serms.,  17S2,  Svo. 

Hutchins,  Thomas,  1730  ?-1789,  Chaplain  R.  Army, 
subsequently  Geographer-General  of  the  United  States, 
was  a  native  of  Monmouth,  New  Jersey.  1.  Boquet's  Ex- 
pedit.  against  the  Ohio  Indians,  Phila.,  1765 ;  Lon.,  1766, 
4to,  pp.  14  and  71  ,•  5  Plates.  Two  of  the  plates  are  from 
designs  by  Benjamin  West.  In  French,  Amster.,  1769. 

"  The  accounts  here  laid  before  the  public  appear  to  be  perfectly 
authentic,  and  they  are  drawn  up  with  equal  perspicuity  and  ele 
gance." — Lon.  Month.  Rev. 

2.  A  Topog.  Descrip.  of  Virginia,  Penna.,  Maryland, 
and  N.  Carolina,  Lon.,  1778,  Svo,  pp.  67 ;  3  Plates.  In 
French,  Paris,  1781.  3.  Hist,  Narrative,  and  Topog.  De- 
scrip,  of  Louisiana  and  West  Florida,  Phila.,  1784,  pp.  94. 
4.  Three  papers  in  Phil.  Trans.,  1775,  76,  '83.  5.  Paper 
in  Trans.  Amer.  Soc.,  ii.  50. 

Hutchinson.  Authority  of  Councils,  Lon.,  1687,  Svo. 
See  Gibson's  Preservative,  v.  137. 

Hutchinson.  Commercial  Restraints  of  Ireland,17 
Very    rare.      Burned   by  the   common    hangman.      The 
Rt.  Hon.  Henry  Flood   once  said  that  he  would  give 
thousand  guineas  for  a  copy,  rather  than  that  his  library 
should  be  without  the  book. 

Hutchinson,  Mrs.  Early  Education  of  Children, 
Lon.,  1854,  12mo. 

Hutchinson,  A.     See  HOWARD,  V.  E. 

Hutchinson,  Alexander  C.,  M.D.     1.  Operation 

for   Popliteal  Aneurisms,   Lon.,   1811,   Svo.      2.  Con.  to 

Medico-Chirurg.  Trans.,  1811,  '13,  '14. 


Hutchinson,  Rev.  B.  1.  On  the  Dryness  of  the 
Fear  1788 ;  Phil.  Trans.,  1789.  2.  Of  a  Luminous  Arch  ; 
bid.,  1790. 

Hutchinson,  Benjamin,  of  the  Company  of  Sur 
geons,  London.  Biographia  Medica,  Lon.,  1789,  2  vols. 
Svo.  This  is  an  account  of  Medical  Characters  of  all 
ages,  with  lists  of  their  works.  2.  Tartarized  Antimony; 
Mem.  Med.,  1799. 

Hutchinson,  Cyril.     Two  Serms.,  Lon.,  1S37,  Svo. 

Hutchinson,  Enoch.  Uhlemann's  Syriac  Gram 
mar;  trans,  from  the  German,  with  addits.,  Phila.,  1S56, 
Svo,  pp.  367. 

Hutchinson,  Francis,  d.  about  1739,  minister  of 
Bury  St.  Edmund's,  Suffolk,  Bishop  of  Down  and  Connor, 
1720.  He  pub.  three  serms.,  1692,  '98, 1707  ;  a  View  of 
the  pretended  Spirit  of  Prophecy,  <fec.,  1708,  Svo;  and 
the  following  works :  1.  Life  of  Archbishop  Tillotson, 
1718.  Abridged-  in  Wordsworth's  Eccles.  Biog.  2.  An 
Historical  Essay  on  Witchcraft,  171S,  Svo;  2d  ed.,  with 
addits.,  1720,  8vo.  A  curious  work,  containing  a  chro 
nological  table  of  those  who  were  burnt  as  witches  in  New 
England,  &c.  From  p.  95  to  122  (of  2d  ed.)  we  have  an 
account  of  the  witchcraft-history  of  Salem,  Boston,  and 
Andover.  3.  Defence  of  the  Ancient  Historians  relative 
to  Ireland,  G.  Brit.,  and  other  Northern  Nations,  DubL, 
1734,  Svo. 

Hutchinson,  Henry.  Drainage  of  Land,  Lon., 
1844,  Svo. 

"  The  contents  show  a  very  sound  professional  knowledge,  with 
a  correct  judgment  on  the  practical  subject." — Donaldson's  Agri- 
cult.  Biog. 

Hutchinson,  John,  1674-1737,  a  layman,  the 
founder  of  the  Hutchinsonian  school  of  Biblical  interpreta 
tion,  a  native  of  Spennithorne,  Yorkshire,  was  educated 
at  the  village  school,  and  subsequently  became  steward 
and  afterwards  riding-purveyor  to  the  Duke  of  Somerset. 
His  Philosophical  and  Theological  Works  were  pub.  by 
Julius  Bate  and  Robert  Spearman,  Lon.,  1749-65,  12  vols. 
Svo.  The  Contents  of  these  vols.  are  as  follows.  1  and  2. 
Moses's  Principia.  3.  Moses  sine  Principio.  4.  The  Con 
fusion  of  Tongues  and  Trinity  of  the  Gentiles.  5.  A 
Treatise  on  Power,  Essential  and  Mechanical.  6.  Glory 
or  Gravity,  Essential  and  Mechanical.  7.  The  Hebrew 
Writings  Complete.  8  and  9.  The  Religion  of  Satan,  or 
Anti-Christ  delineated;  also,  The  Use  of  Reason  recovered 
by  the  Data  in  Christianity.  10.  The  Human  Frame;  or, 
Agents  that  circulate  the  Blood  explained.  11.  Glory 
Mechanical.  12.  Tracts.  To  these  vols.  should  be  added 
the  Supp.  to  Hutchinson's  Works,  by  Robert  Spearman, 
1765,  Svo.  For  an  account  of  the  Hutchinsonian  system, 
see  A  Defence  of  John  Hutchinson's  Tenets,  by  Julius 
Bate,  1751,  Svo;  An  Abstract  of  the  Works  of  John 
Hutchinson,  Esq.,  being  a  Summary  of  his  Discoveries  in 
Philosophy  and  Divinity,  (by  Robert  Spearman,)  Edin., 
1755,  12mo;  Analysis  of  Hutchinsonianism,  by  Wm. 
Jones,  of  Nayland,  in  Pref.  t«  his  2d  ed.  of  the  Life  of 
Bishop  Home ;  Floyd's  Bibliotheca  Biographica,  end  of 
vol.  iii.,  (by  Robert  Spearman ;)  Orme's  Bibl.  Bib. ;  art. 
BATE,  JULIUS,  and  Works  there  cited,  in  Watt's  Bibl.  Brit, 
and  in  this  Dictionary. 

"The  works  of  Hutchinson  are  entitled  to  notice,  as  their 
author  was  the  founder  of  a  school  of  philosophy  and  theology  to 
which  some  of  the  most  celebrated  men  of  the  last  century  be 
longed.  However  absurd  many  of  its  speculations  seem  to  be, 
there  must  be  a  plausibility  in  the  leading  principles  of  a  system 
which  engaged  the  attention  and  support  of  such  men  as  Pre 
sident  Forbes  and  Bishop  Home,  Mr.  Parkhurst  and  Bishop 
Horsley.  The  leading  idea  of  Hutchinson  is  that  the  Hebrew 
Scriptures  contain  the  elements  of  all  rational  philosophy  as  well 
as  of  genuine  religion.  That  philosophy  he  opposes  to  the  New 
tonian  ;  and  hence  he  wrote  his  Moses  Principia,  or  a  commentary 
on  the  Mosaic  account  of  the  creation  and  the  deluge.  His  Moses 
sine  Principio  contains  an  account  of  the  fall,  and  of  other  sub 
jects  connected  with  it.  His  work  on  the  confusion  of  tongues 
is  very  ingenious ;  in  which  he  attempts  to  prove  that  it  was  not 
a  diversity  of  language,  but  of  religion,  which  took  place  at  Babel. 
His  Trinity  of  the  Gentiles  gives  a  view  of  ancient  mythology 
and  idolatry  considered  chiefly  as  a  corruption  of  the  true  religion. 
In  the  Covenant  of  the  Cherubim  he  gives  a  view  of  the  perfection 
of  the  Hebrew  Scriptures,  and  of  the  Covenant  of  the  Divine  Three 
for  the  redemption  of  man.  Hutchinson  is  an  obscure,  and,  at  the 
same  time,  a  most  dogmatical  and  abusive,  writer.  It  is  often  ex 
ceedingly  difficult  to  ascertain  his  meaning,  and  still  more  diffi 
cult  to  acquiesce  in  it  when  ascertained.  That  he  and  his  scholars 
have  contributed  considerably  to  the  interpretation  of  the  Bible, 
it  would  be  wrong  to  deny.  They  have  done  a  good  deal,  at  the 
same  time,  to  injure  and  clog  the  science  of  criticism."—  Orme's 
Bibl.  Bib. 

"I  have  been  in  the  habit  of  considering  Hutchinsonianism  as 
a  tissue  of  fancies  unsupported  by  reason  or  Scripture;  and  all 
that  has  occurred  to  me  to  read  on  that  system  has  confirmed 
that  impression." — EGBERT  HALL:  Works,  ed.  1853,  v.  534. 

Hutchinson  attacks  Dr.  John  Woodward's  Essays  to- 


HUT 


HUT 


wards  a  Natural  History  of   the  Earth,  as  well  as  the 
Principia  of  Sir  Isaac  Newton. 

Hutchinson,  Rev.  Julius.  See  BUTCHINSON, 
LUCY. 

Hutchinson,  Rev.  John.  See  HUTCHINSON, 
THOMAS.  v 

Hutchinson,  Lucy,  b.  1619-20  a  daughter  of  Sir 
Allan  Apsley,  and  widow  of  Col.  John  Hutchinson,  the 
Governor  of  Nottingham  Castle  and  town,  and  one  of  the 
judges  of  Charles  L,  wrote  Memoirs  of  her  husband's 
life  and  of  her  own,  which  were  all  first  pub.  from  her 
MS.  by  their  descendant,  the  Rev.  Julius  Hutchinson, 
1806,  Lon.,  4to;  1810,  4to;  1810,  2  vols.  Svo;  1846,  sq., 
(Bohn's  Stand.  Lib.,  vol.  xiii.) 

"  We  have  not  often  met  with  any  thing  more  interesting  and 
curious  than  this  volume."— LOED  JEFFREY:  Edin.  Rev.,  xiii. 
25,  q.  v. 

See  also  his  review  of  the  Memoirs  of  Lady  Fanshawe> 
Edin.  Rev.,  1.  75-85 ;  and  FANSHAWE,  ANN  HARBISON, 
LADY,  in  this  Dictionary. 

"  I  have  seldom  been  so  deeply  interested  by  any  book  as  this." 
—ROBERT  SOUTHET  :  Life  and  Corresp. 

"  Our  readers  probably  remember  what  Mrs.  Hutchinson  tells 
us  of  herself,"  &c.— T.  B.  MACAULAY:  Crit.  and  Hist.  Essays, 
1854,  ii.  292. 

"Great  is  the  praise  due  to  the  fluent  and  na'ive  style  of  the 
author  of  the  Memoirs  of  Colonel  Hutchinson.  The  author  was 
the  wife  and  widow  of  the  colonel,— a  woman  of  equal  spirit, 
talent,  and  virtue."— IHbdin's  Lib.  Comp.,  1825,  563. 

"  The  editor  has  not  exaggerated  when  he  recommends  his  book 
to  the  ladies  as  more  entertaining  than  most  novels."— Lon.  Crit. 
Rev. 

"A  book  of  singular  interest  and  importance." — Censura 
Literaria. 

"A  valuable  addition  to  our  records,  and  justly  entitled  to 
stand  by  the  side  of  Rushworth,  Clarendon,  and  Ludlow."— Lon. 
Month.  Rev. 

See  also  Oxford  Review ;  Hallam's  Constit.  Hist,  of 
England,  ed.  1854,  ii.  324,  366. 

Hutchinson,  Lucy.     Christian  Religion,  1817. 

Hutchinson,  Michael,  D.D.     Serm.,  (1716?)  8vo. 

Hutchinson,  Richard  Hely,  Earl  of  Donough- 
more.  1.  Speech  in  H.  of  Lords,  1810,  8vo.  2.  Do., 
1812,  8vo. 

Hutchinson,  Roger,  d.  1555,  an  early  Reformer, 
Fellow  of  St.  John's  Coll.,  Camb.,  1543,  and  of  Eton 
Coll.,  1550.  Theolog.  Works,  edited  for  the  Parker  Soc. 
by  John  Bruce,  Camb.,  1842,  8vo. 

"  If  I  am  at  all  able  to  judge,  he  is  a  man  of  profound  under 
standing,  of  singular  learning,  and  yields  scarcely  to  any  one  in 
strictness  of  life  and  clear  judgment  of  religion :  he  is  true- 
hearted,  and  is  most  strenuously  averse  from  popery." — ROGER 

ASCHAM. 

Hutchinson,  Samuel,  d.  1780,  Bishop  of  Killala 
and  Achonry,  1759.  Serm.,  Dubl.,  1761,  4to. 

Hutchinson,  T.  J.  Narrative  of  the  Niger, 
Tshadda,  and  Binue  Expedition,  Lon.,  1855,  16mo. 

"  A  useful  contribution  to  the  history  of  African  enterprise." — 
Lon.  Athenceum,  1856,  pp.  548-549. 

Hutchinson,  Thomas,  D.D.,  Preb.  of  Chichester. 
Serms.  and  theolog.  treatises,  1738,  '45.,  '46. 

Hutchinson,  Thomas.  Xenophontis  Opera  Graecae 
et  Latine,  cum  Notis  Variorum,  Oxon.,  1727-35,  2  vols.  4to. 
(See  also  Lowndes's  Bibl.  Man.,  1994-95.)  Spelman  highly 
commends  this  edit.  See  also  Harwood's  View  of  the 
Greek  and  Roman  Classics;  Dibdin's  Lib.  Comp.,  ed. 
1825,  143. 

Hutchinson,  Thomas,  1711-1780,  graduated  at 
Harvard  College,  1727;  Chief-Justice  of  the"  Province 
of  Massachusetts,  1760;  Lieutenant-Governor,  1758-71; 
Governor,  1771-74.  He  was  superseded  by  General  Gage 
May  13,  1774,  and  on  the  first  of  the  following  month 
sailed  for  England,  where  he  was  in  the  receipt  of  a  pen 
sion  until  his  death  at  Brompton,  June  3,  1780.  He  was 
very  unpopular  in  Massachusetts  on  account  of  his  oppo 
sition  to  the  principles  of  American  liberty;  and  his  dis 
grace  was  completed -by  the  publication  of  some  of  his 
private  letters,  of  the  same  tendency,  to  an  ex-member  of 
the  British  Parliament.  These,  with  some  others,  were 
discovered  in  England  by  Benjamin  Franklin,  and  by  him 
gent  back  to  Massachusetts  to  Dr.  Cooper,  with  an  injunc 
tion  that  they  should  not  be  copied  nor  published.  1.  The 
Hist,  of  the  Province  of  Massachusetts  Bay  from  1628  to 
1749,  vol.  i.,  Boat.,  1764,  8vo;  Lon.,  1765,  8vo.  The  date 
1760  which  appears  on  some  title-pages  is  erroneous.  Vol. 
ii.,  Bost,  1767,  8vo;  Lon.,  1768,  8vo;  3d  ed.  of  vols.  i. 
and  ii.,  with  addit.  Notes  and  Corrects.,  Salem,  Mass.,  1775, 
2  vols.  8vo.  Vol.  iii.,  being  a  Continuation  from  1749  to 
1774,  now  first  printed  from  the  author's  MSS.,  by  his 
grandson,  the  Rev.  John  Hutchinson,  of  Trentham,  Eng 
land,  Lon.,  1828,  8vo.  A  continuation  of  vols.  i.  and  ii. 


of  Hutchinson's  Hist.,  bringing  the  history  from  1748 
down  to  1765,  was  written  by  George  Richards  Minot,  and 
pub.  vol.  i.,  Bost,  1798,  Svo  ;  vol.  ii.,  1803,  8vo.  To  Hutch- 
nson's  History  the  collector  must  add  (2.)  A  Collection 
of  Original  Papers  relative  to  the  Hist,  of  the  Colony  of 
Massachusetts  Bay,  Bost,  1769,  Svo,  pp.  576.  These  were 
pub.  by  Hutchinson 

"To  support  and  elucidate  the  principal  facts  related  in  the  first 
part  of  the  History  of  Massachusetts  Bay,  and  may  serve  as  an 
appendix  to  it.  ...  The  author  of  that  history  was  possessed  of 
many  other  ancient  and  very  curious  original  papers,  which  are 
irrecoverably  lost  by  an  unfortunate  event,  sufficiently  known." 

The  reference  here  is  to  the  destruction  of  his  papers  at 
the  time  of  the  Stamp  Act  riots  in  Boston,  in  1765.  Hutch 
inson  also  pub.  some  political  pamphlets.  See  Warren; 
Minot;  the  Histories  of  this  period;  Allen's  Amer.  Biog. 
Diet;  Rich's  Bibl.  Amer.  Nova;  Review  of  Hutchinson's 
3d  volume,  in  N.  Amer.  Review,  xxxviii.  134-158  ;  Review 
of  Dr.  Hosack's  Memoir  of  Dr.  Hugh  Williamson,  in  N. 
Amer.  Rev.,  xi.  31-37,  (by  Edward  Everett;)  Review  of 
Hubbard's  Hist,  of  New  England,  in  N.  Amer.  Rev.,  ii. 
223,  (by  James  Savage;)  Review  of  Documentary  Hist, 
of  the  Revolution,  in  N.  Amer.  Rev.,  xlvi.  477-478,  (by 
George  Bancroft ;)  HUBBARD,  WILLIAM,  in  this  Dictionary. 
"Hutchinson,  whose  writing  is  more  worthy  of  the  dignified 
title  of  history  than  any  other  American  composition  during  our 
colonial  state." — JAMES  SAVAGE  :  ubi  supra. 

"  The  only  monument  of  his  mind  is  his  History  of  Massachu 
setts,  written  with  lively  inquisitiveness  and  a  lawyer-like  criti 
cism  ;  though  without  a  glimpse  of  the  great  truths  which  were 
the  mighty  causes  of  the  revolutions  he  describes.  He  was  philo 
sophic,  if  to  know  somewhat  of  the  selfish  principles  in  man  be 
philosophy ;  otherwise  he  was  blind,  except  to  facts." — GEORGE  BAN 
CROFT  :  ubi  supra. 

"  The  reputation  of  Governor  Hutchinson's  History  of  Massa 
chusetts  rests  on  the  solid  basis  of  utility  and  truth.  As  a  full, 
correct,  and  faithful  account  of  the  rise  and  progress  of  an  import 
ant  portion  of  our  country,  it  is  of  inestimable  value." — JUDGE 
DAVIS. 

"  He  laboured  hard  in  the  field  of  our  colonial  antiquities,  pro 
ducing  for  a  result  two  volumes  of  early  history,  which  will  ever 
be  considered  a  mine  of  wealth  by  all  future  historians  and  anti 
quaries  ;  though  their  minuteness  of  detail  and  fidelity  of  research 
will  not  compensate  with  most  general  readers  for  their  length 
and  moderate  literary  execution." — N.  Amer.  Rev.,  xlvi.  137. 

"  He  wrote  a  good  substantial  history.  It  has  been  well  con 
tinued  by  Minot." — Blackw.  Mag.,  xvii.  58:  American  Writers, 
No.  4. 

Hutchinson,  Lt.- Col.  W.N.  Dog-Breaking;  the 
most  Expeditious,  Certain,  and  Easy  Method,  Lon.,  1848, 
'50,  fp.  8vo. 

"A  more  opportune,  a  pleasanter,  a  more  useful  book  to  the 
sportsman  than  this  has  not  been  published  for  many  a  day.  The 
author  is  a  practical  man,  and  almost  every  thing  he  writes  about 
dog-breaking  may  be  relied  on.  He  is  most  varied  and  minute, 
has  forgotten  nothing;  and  the  many  things  he  teaches,  he  teaches 
well."— BeWs  Life. 

Hutchinson,  Wm.  Seamanship,  1777,  '91,  4to. 
Hutchinson,  Wm.  1.  Oration  at  Free-Masons'  Hall, 
Lon.,  1778,  4to.  2.  Excursion  to  the  Lakes  in  Westmore 
land  and  Cumberland,  <fcc.,  1776,  Svo.  3.  View  of  North 
umberland,  Ac.,  Newcast,  1778-80,  2  vols.  4to.  4.  Hist.- 
and  Antiq.  of  the  County  Palatinate  of  Durham,  1785-94, 
3  vols.  4to.  5.  Hist  of  the  County  of  Cumberland,  Ac., 
Carlisle,  1794-98,  4to.  6.  Antiq.  in  Lancashire;  Arch83oL, 
1789.  See  Upcott's  Eng.  Topog. 

Hutchinson,  Wm.     The   Spirit  of  Masonry ;  new 
ed.,  with  Notes,  by  the  Rev.  Geo.  Oliver,  Lon.,  1843, 12rno. 
Hutchison,   John,  M.D.      Tetanus ;    Mem.   Med., 
1789. 

Hutchison,  Robert.     Ulcers ;  Ess.  Med.,  1744. 
Huthersall,  John.     English  Grammar,  1814,  ISmo. 
Hutt,  Wm.,  M.P.     Key  to  Agricultural   Prosperity, 
Lon.,  1838,  Svo.     See  Donaldson's  Agricult.  Biog. 
Hutten,  Henry.     See  BUTTON. 
Hutten,  Leon,  D.D.     1.  Answer  to  the  Cross  in  Bap 
tism,  Oxon.,  1605,  4to.     2.  The  Antiquities  of  Oxford,  pub. 
by  Thomas  Hearne,  Oxf.,  1720,  8vo. 
Hutten,  Robert.     See  BUTTON. 
Hutter,  E.  W.,  Lutheran  pastor,  Philadelphia,  Penna., 
co-editor  of  the  Lutheran  Home  Journal. 
Huttman,  Wm.    Life  of  Christ,  Lon.,  1818,  8vo. 
Hutton.     Freezing  of  Alcohol;  Nic.  Jour.,  1813. 
Hutton,  Catherine,  a  daughter  of  William  Hutton, 
!  of  Birmingham.     1.  The  Miser  Married;  a  Novel,  Lon., 
|  1813,  3  vols.  12mo.     2.  The   Life  of  Wm.  Hutton,  <fcc., 
|  written  by  himself,  pub.  by  C.  H.,  1816,  Svo.    See  BUTTON, 
WILLIAM.     3.  The  Tour  of  Africa;  selected  from  the  best 
Authors,  1819-21,  3  vols.  Svo. 
Hutton,  Charles.     Serm.,  Lon.,  1686,  4to. 
Hutton,  Charles,  LL.D.,  1737-1823,  a  native  of 
Newcastle-upon-Tyne,  was  Mathematical  Professor  to  tho 
Royal  Military  Academy  at  Woolwich  from  1773  until 


HUT 


HUT 


1806,  when  he  retired  upon  a  pension  of  £500  per  annum. 
His  principal  works  are  (1.)  Treatise  on  Mensuration,  Lon., 
1771,  4to ;  llth  ed.,  by  Maynard,  1850,  12mo.     2.  Miscel 
lanea  Mathematica,  1775,  12mo.     3.  The  Diarian  Miscel 
lany:    from    the    Lady's    Diary,    1704-73,   with   addits.,  j 
Lon.,  1776,  6  vols.  12rao.     4.  Mathematical  Tables,  1785,  j 
8vo.     New  ed.,  by  Olinthus  Gregory,  (q.  t>.,)  1830,  Svo;  j 
llth  ed.,  1849,  r.  8vo.     5.  Compendious  Measurer,  1786, 
12mo.     New   ed.,  with  a  Key,  Dubl.,  12mo.     6.  Tracts, 
Mathemat.   and  Philos.,   1786,  4to.     New  ed.,  with  im 
provements,  <fec.,  1812,  3  vols.  8vo, 

"The  tracts  before  us  relate  to  a  great  variety  of  subjects.  Some 
of  them  have  already  appeared  in  the  Philosophical  Transactions, 
or  in  detached  works,  but  are  now  greatly  modified  and  improved: 
and  the  volumes  contain  so  much  that  is  valuable,  and  indeed  so 
much  that  is  new,  that  we  are  inclined  to  enter  somewhat  at  large 
into  an  analysis  of  their  contents."— ion.  Quar.  Rev.,  ix.  400-418 ; 
also  reviewed  in  Edin.  Rev.,  xxii.  88-107. 

7.  Elements  of  Conic  Sections,  <fcc.,  1787,  8vo. 
"  Un  modele  de  precision  ct  de  clarte." — MONTUCLA. 

8.  A  Mathemat.  and  Philos.  Dictionary,  1795-96,  2  vols. 
4to.      New  ed.,  with  addits.  and  improvements,  1815,  2 
vols.  4to. 

"  It  has  supplied  all  subsequent  works  of  that  description,  and 
even  the  most  voluminous  Cyclopaedias,  with  valuable  materials, 
both  in  the  sciences  and  in  scientific  biography." — Lon.  Gent.  Mag., 
March,  1823 ;  Memoir  of  the  late.  Dr.  Hutton. 

9.  A  Course  of  Mathemat,  1798,  2  vols.  Svo;  vol.  iii., 

1801,  8vo.    12th  ed.,  by  0.  Gregory  and  T.  S.  Davies,  1840, 
2  vols.  8vo.  13th  ed.,  by  Wm.  Rutherford,  1846,  8vo.  14th 
ed.,  by  Wm.  Rutherford,  1854,  8vo.     Key  to  Rutherford's 
Hutton,  (13th  ed.,  1846,)  by  J.  Hickie,  1849,  Svo.     There 
was  a  Key  pub.  by  D.  Dowling,  which  applied  to  an  old 
edit,  in  3  vols.     Solutions  of  Button's  Mathemat,  by  T.  S. 
Davies,  1840,  Svo.     Button's  Mathemat.,  in  Arabic,  Pt  1, 
4to.     10.  Recreations  in  Mathemat.  and  Natural  Philos., 

1802,  4  vols.  Svo.    New  ed.,  by  E.  Riddle,  1840,  Svo ;  again, 
1S54,  Svo.   11.  Philos.  Transac.  of  the  Royal  Soc.,  abridged 
by  C.  Hutton,   Geo.  Shaw,  M.D.,  and  R.  Pearson,  M.D., 
1804-09,  18  vols.  4to.     A  list  of  Hutton's  papers  in  Phil. 
Trans,  will  be  found  in  Watt's  Bibl.  Brit,  and  a  Memoir 
of  his  Life  was  pub.  in  Lon.  Gent.  Mag.,  1823,  Pt  1,  228- 
232,  296.     In   this  Memoir  occurs  an  interesting  letter 
from  Lord-Chancellor  Eldon  to  Lieut-Gen.  Hutton,  Royal 
Army,    son    of   the    mathematician,   acknowledging   the 
benefits  which  he  had  derived  from  Dr.  Mutton's  instruc 
tions  when  his  pupil. 

"  He  [Dr.  HuttonJ  will  long  be  remembered  by  a  country  so 
essentially  benefited  by  his  life  and  works." — LORD  ELDON  :  ubi 
supra. 

See  also  Hallam's  Lit  Hist  of  Europe,  ed.  1854,  ii.  219. 

Hutton,  F.  H.,  Vicar  of  Leckford,  Hants.  1.  Dis 
courses,  Lon.,  1833,  Svo.  2.  Serms.,  1835,  8vo. 

Hutton,  George.  Amantes;  a  Nov.,  Lon.,  1794, 
12mo. 

Hutton,  George,  D.D.  Serms.,  &c.,  Lon.,  1798-1809. 

Hutton,  George.  Theory  and  Practice  of  Arith 
metic,  Lon.,  12mo.  Abridged  for  Ladies,  18mo.  Highly 
commended.  2.  Manual  of  Arithmetic,  1844,  12mo;  6th 
ed.,  1854,  12mo. 

Hutton,  Henry.  1.  This  World's  Folly,  Lon.,  1615, 
4to.  2.  Follie's  Anatomie  ;  or,  Satyres  and  Satyricall 
Epigrams,  <fec.,  Lon.,  1619,  sm.  Svo,  pp.  66.  Bibl.  Anglo- 
Poet,  £10  10s.,  q.  v. 

Hutton,  James,  M.D.,  1726-1797,  called  the  author 
of  the  Plutonian  Theory  of  Geology,  a  native  of  Edin 
burgh,  took  his  medical  degree  at  Leyden  in  1749.  On 
his  return  home  he  became  a  zealous  student  of  agricul 
ture  and  geology,  and  gave  the  first-fruits  of  his  researches 
to  the  world  in  1777,  under  the  title  of  Considerations  on 
the  Nature,  Quality,  and  Distinctions  of  Coal  and  Culm, 
Edin.,  Svo.  In  1792  he  pub.  Dissertations  on  different 
subjects  in  Natural  Philosophy,  4to;  in  1794,  Dissertation 
upon  the  Philosophy  of  Light,  Heat,  and  Fire,  Svo;  in 
the  same  year,  An  Investigation  of  the  Principles  of 
Knowledge,  and  of  the  Progress  of  Reason  from  Sense 
to  Science  and  Philosophy,  3  vols.  4to;  and  in  1795, 
Theory  of  the  Earth,  with  Proofs  and  Illustrations,  2  vols. 
8vo.  This  is  a  collection,  with  additions,  of  his  papers  on 
this  subject  in  the  Edin.  Phil.  Trans.  His  theory,  as  com 
municated  in  the  above  papers,  had  been  warmly  attacked 
by  Dr.  Kirwan,  in  the  Memoirs  of  the  Irish  Academy. 
The  day  that  Hutton  read  Kirwan's  attack  he  commenced 
the  preparation  of  the  MS.  of  the  above  two  vols.  for  the 
press.  Professor  John  Playfair  zealously  espoused  Hut- 
ton's  cause,  and  pub.  in  1802,  8vo,  Illustrations  of  the 
Huttonian  Theory  of  the  Earth.  This  work  was  reviewed 
in  the  same  year  by  Dr.  John  Murray,  in  A  Comparative 
View  of  the  Huttonian  and  Neptunian  Systems  of  Geo 


logy,  in  Answer  to  the  Illustrations,  Ac.  In  the  hands 
of  Professor  Playfair  we  may  safely  leave  the  scientific 
reputation  of  Dr.  Hutton.  Playfair's  biographical  ac 
count  of  his  "guide,  philosopher  and  friend"  will  bo 
found  in  Trans.  Soc.  Edin.,  1803,  vol.  v.  p.  39.  Or,  as 
this  work  is  not  easily  accessible,  see  a  memoir  of  Dr. 
Hutton,  based  upon  the  above,  in  Chambers  and  Thom 
son's  Biog.  Diet,  of  Eminent  Scotsmen,  ed.  1855,  iii.  175- 
182 ;  see  also  Huttonian  and  Neptunian  Geology, — a 
review  of  Dr.  Murray's  Comparative  View,  by  Lord 
Jeffrey,— in  Edin.  Rev.,  ii.  337-348  j  Sir  Archibald  Alison's 
j  Hist  of  Europe,  1815-52,  chap.  v. ;  Dr.  Hutton  and  his 
|  System,  Blackw.  Mag.,  i.  232 ;  A  Word  to  Huttonian  and 
j  Wernerian  Disputants,  Blackw.  Mag.,  iii.  583-585;  Watt's 
Bibl.  Brit,  articles  Hutton,  James,  Luc,  John  Andrew 
De ;  Donaldson's  Agricult  Biog.  Dr.  Hutton  seems  to 
have  entertained  a  fraternal  sympathy  with  all  who  were 
engaged  in  the  laudable  design  of  enlarging  the  bounds 
of  human  knowledge : 

"  He  would  rejoice  over  Watt's  improvements  on  the  steam- 
engine,  or  Cook's  discoveries  in  the  South  Sea,  with  all  the 
warmth  of  a  man  who  was  to  share  in  the  honour  or  profit  about 
to  accrue  from  them."— PROF.  PLAYFAIR  :  ubi  supra. 

Hutton,  James  H.  1.  Serm.,  Exeter,  1797,  4to. 
2.  Horae  Ecclesiastic*,  1808,  vol.  i.,  12mo. 

Hutton,  Joseph,  Jr.  Reaping-Hook ;  Nic.  Jour., 
loll. 

Hutton,  Joseph,1787-1828,  of  Philadelphia.  Poems. 

Hutton,  Luke.  The  Blacke  Dogge  of  Newgate, 
Lon.,  4to,  a.  a.  A  poetical  black-letter  tract. 

Hntton,  Matthew,  1546-1605,  Bishop  of  Durham, 
1589  ;  trans,  to  York,  1594.  1.  Serm.,  Lon.,  1579,  16mo. 
2.  Explicatio  de  Electione,  Praedestinatione,  ac  Reproba- 
tione,  cui  prseinittuntur  Lambethani  Articuli,  Hardrov., 
1613,  4to. 

Hutton,  Matthew,  d.  1758,  Bishop  of  Bangor,  1743; 
Archbishop  of  York,  1747;  trans,  to  Canterbury,  1757. 
Occasional  serms.,  pub.  separately,  1741,  '44,  '45,  '46,  '47. 

Hutton,  R.  N.  1.  Recollections  of  Rugby,  Lon., 
12mo.  2.  Five  Years  in  the  East,  1847,  2  vols.  p.  Svo. 
Highly  commended.  3.  Jealousy;  a  Nov.,  1848,  3  vols. 
p.  Svo. 

Hutton,  Richard.  Lexicon  Latino-Graeco-Angli- 
cum,  ad  Gul.  Morelii  Archetypum  accuratissime  ex  usum, 
Lon.,  1583. 

Hutton,  Sir  Richard,  d.  1639,  made  Serjeant, 
1603 ;  a  Justice  of  the  Common  Pleas,  1618.  1.  Argu 
ments  by  him  and  Sir  Geo.  Coke,  Lon.,  1641,  4to.  2. 
Reports,  15  Jac.  I.-15  Car.  I.,  1612-39,  fol.,  1656;  2d 
ed.,  1682,  fol.  Respecting  this  work  and  Hutton's  MS. 
Reports,  see  Wallace's  Reporters,  3d  ed.,  1855,  179,  377, 
378. 

Hntton,  Robert.  The  Summe  of  Divinitie ;  from 
the  Latin,  Lon.,  1548, 12ino;  1560,  '61,  '67,  16mo. 

Hntton,  Thomas.  Subscrip.  to  C.  Prayer,  1605, 4to. 

Hutton,  Rev.  W.  The  Book  of  Nature  Laid  Open  ; 
4th  ed.,  Lon.,  1821, 12mo.  Amer.  ed.,  revised  by  Rev. 
John  L.  Blake.  D.D.,  N.  York,  18mo. 

Hutton,  William,  1723-1815,  a  bookseller  of  Bir 
mingham,  rose  by  perseverance  and  industry  from  poverty 
to  affluence.  In  his  last  work — A  Trip  to  Coatham — 
written  in  his  eighty-sixth  year,  he  tells  us — 

"  I  took  up  my  pen,  and  that  with  fear  and  trembling,  at  the 
advanced  age  of  fifty-six,  a  period  when  most  would  lay  it  down. 
I  drove  the  quill  thirty  years,  during  which  time  I  wrote  and 
published  thirty  books." 

His  works  were  originally  pub.  from  1782  to  1810.  A 
collective  ed.  of  his  Works  was  pub.  in  1817,  in  8  vols.  Svo, 
consisting  of— Vol.  I.  His  Life,  written  by  himself;  Jour 
ney  to  London  ;  2d  edition.  II.  History  of  Birmingham. 
|  III.  Courts  of  Requests,  and  Dissertation  on  Juries  and 
Hundred  Court  IV.  Battle  of  Bosworth  Field;  2d  edit, 
with  Additions  by  Nichols.  V.  History  of  Derby ;  De 
scription  of  Blackpool.  VI.  History  of  the  Roman  Wall. 
VII.  Remarks  on  North  Wales ;  Tour  to  Scarborough, 
with  A  Survey  of  York.  VIII.  Trip  to  Coatham. 

He  also  pub.  The  Barbers ;  a  Poem,  1793,  Svo ;  Edgar 
and  Elfrida;  a  Poem,  1794,  Svo.  There  has  been  a  new 
ed.  of  his  Poems,  chiefly  Tales,  Svo ;  and,  since  the  col 
lective  ed.  of  his  Works  was  pub.,  there  have  been  new 
eds.  of  the  Court  of  Requests,  1840,  Svo;  his  Life,  by 
himself,  1841,  sq. ;  Trip  to  Redcar  and  Coatham,  1841, 
Svo.  His  topographical  works  are  valued  for  the  vast 
amount  of  minute  details  which  they  contain.  See  his 
autobiography,  a  curious  and  amusing  work;  Lon.  Month. 
Rev.,  Ixxxii.  202 ;  Blackw.  Mag.,  i.  413-414. 

Hutton,  William.  Voyage,  to  Africa,  Lon.,  1821, 
Svo.  A  valuable  work,  with  public  documents. 


HUX 

Huxham,  John,  M.D.,  1694-1768,  a  native  of  Hal- 
berton,  Devonshire,  the  son  of  a  butcher,  studied  under 
Boerhaave,  at  Leyden,  and  subsequently  practised  at  Ply 
mouth,  England.  His  principal  works  are — 1.  Observa- 
tiones  de  Aero  et  Morbis  Epidemicis :  vol.  i.,  Lon.,  1739, 
8vo;  vol.  ii.  1752,  8vo;  vol.  iii.,  pub.  by  his  son,  1771, 
8vo.  For  translations,  see  Watt's  Bibl.  Brit.  2.  Essay 
on  Fevers,  1739,  '50,  '57,  '64,  '67,  '69,  8vo.  Trans,  into 
Portuguese  by  order  of  the  King  of  Portugal,  4to.  3. 
Sore  Throat,  1750,  8vo.  4.  Antimony,  1756,  8vo.  5.  Med. 
papers  in  Phil.  Trans.,  1723-58.  6.  Med.  paper  in  Med. 
Obs.  and  Inq.,  1767.  A  collective  ed.  of  Huxham's  works, 
which  have  always  been  popular  in  Germany  and  France, 
was  pub.  on  the  continent,  under  the  title  of  Opera  Phy- 
sico-Medica.  See  Watt's  Bibl.  Brit. ;  Rees's  Cyc. ;  Lives 
of  Brit.  Physicians,  Lon.,  1830 ;  Blewitt's  Panorama  of 
Torquay;  Polwhele's  History  of  Devonshire. 

Huxley,  George.  Book  of  Judgments  in  Real, 
Personal,  and  Mixed  Actions.  Revised  and  corrected  by 
Geo.  Townesend,  Lon.,  1674,  8vo.  Collected  out  of  the 
MSS.  of  Brownlow,  Moyle,  and  Smythier,  and  cited  as 
First  and  Second  Books  of  Judgments. 

Huxley,  Thomas  Henry,  distinguished  naturalist. 
History  of  the  Oceanic  Hydrozoa.  In  press,  1857.  See 
Knight's  Eng.  Cyc.,  Div.  Biography,  vol.  vii.,  Supp. 

Huxtable,  Rev.  A.     On  Manures,  1847,  8vo. 

"This  writer  has  made  his  name  known  by  scientific  views  on 
various  points  of  agriculture." — Donaldson's  Agricult.  Biog. 

Huxtable,  Rev.  Edgar.  1.  Exegetical  Essay  on 
the  first  three  Gospels,  Lon.,  1848,  8vo.  2.  Serms.,  1854, 
fp.  8vo. 

Huyshe,  Rev.  Francis,  pub.  some  treatises  on  the 
authenticity  of  1  John  v.  7,  8,  Lon.,  1827,  '34,  Ac.  See 
Homo's  Bibl.  Bib. 

Huyshe,  J.  M.  Bible  Stories  of  Animals,  Lon., 
1855, 16rno. 

Huyshe,  John,  of  Brazennose  College.  Treat,  on 
Logic,  on  the  basis  of  Aldrich,  Lon.,  12mo. 

Hyatt,  John,  1767-1826,  a  Calvinist  Methodist 
preacher  at  Tottenham-Court  Chapel  and  the  Tabernacle, 
London.  1.  Serin.,  Ps.  xxxvii.  5;  2d  ed.,  Lon.,  1810,  8vo. 
2.  Serms.  on  Select  Subjects;  2d  ed.,  1811,  8vo.  3.  Serms. 
on  the  VII.  Epistles  in  the  Apocalypse,  1820,  8vo.  4. 
Serms.  on  Various  Subjects;  edited  by  his  son,  Charles 
Hyatt,  with  a  Life  of  the  author,  by  the  Rev.  J.  Morrison 
1826,  8vo;  2d  ed.,  1828,  8vo. 

Hyatt,  or  Hyett,  Wm.  Guide  in  a  Tour,  Ac.  in  the 
Southeast  of  Devon,  Lon.,  1803,  12mo.  Anon. 

Hyde,  Alvan,  D.D.,  d.  1833,  aged  66,  of  Lee,  Mass.. 
pub.  a  number  of  Sermons.  See  Atner.  Quar.  Reg.,  viii.  1 
N.  York  Lit.  and  Theolog.  Rev.,  v.  544. 

Hyde,  Edward,  Earl  of  Clarendon.  See  CLAREN 
DON,  EDWARD  HYDE. 

Hyde,  Edward,  D.D.,  Fellow  of  Trin.  Coll.,  Camb. 
and  Rector  of  Brightwell,  Berks.  Theolog.  treatises.  Lon. 
1658,  '59,  '62. 


IML 

Hyde,  Henry?  Second  Earl  of  Clarendon.    See  CLA 
RENDON,  HENRY  HYDE. 
Hyde,  Henry,  Lord  Hyde  and  Cornbury.    See 

CLARENDON,  HENRY  HYDE. 

Hyde,  Thomas,  D.D.,  1636-1703,  a  native  of  Shrop- 
hire,  was  admitted  of  King's  Coll.,  Camb.,  1652  ;  of  Queen's 
3oll.,  Oxf.,  1658  ;  succeeded  Henry  Stubbe  as  Principal 
Keeper  of  the  Bodleian  Library ;  Preb.  of  Salisbury,  1666 ; 
Archdeacon  of  Gloucester,  1678 ;  succeeded  Dr.  Edward 
Pocock  as  Laudian  Professor  of  Arabic  at  Oxford,  1691  ; 
Regius  Professor  of  Hebrew,  and  Canon  of  Christ  Church, 
1697.  He  was  a  man  of  vast  erudition,  especially  in  the 
Eastern  tongues,  and  pub.  a  number  of  learned  works,  and 
projected  many  more.  Among  the  best-known  of  his  pub 
lications  are  (1.)  Catalogus  Impressorum  Librorum  in 
Bibliotheca  Bodleiana,  Oxon.,  1674,  fol.  New  ed.,  chiefly 
prepared  by  Thos.  Hearne,  1738,  2  vols.  fol.  New  ed., 
1843,  3  vols.  fol. ;  vol.  iv.,  1850.  2.  Quatuor  Evangelica 
et  Acta  Apostolorum,  Lingua  Malaica,  Characteristibus 
Europaeis,  Oxf.,  1677,  4to.  3.  De  Ludis  Orientalium,  Heb. 
et  Lat,  libri  ii.,  1689-94,  8vo.  4.  Veterum  Persarum  et 
Medorum  Religionis  eorumque  Magorum  Historia,  1700, 
4to;  2d  ed.,  1706,  4to.  Best  ed.,  1760,  4to. 

"The  variety  and  novelty  of  its  contents  gave  this  book  a  credit 
which  in  some  degree  it  preserves ;  but  Hyde  was  ignorant  of  the 
ancient  language  of  Persia,  and  is  said  to  have  been  often  misled  by 
Mohammedan  authorities.  The  vast  increase  of  Oriental  informa 
tion  in  modern  times  renders  it  difficult  for  any  work  of  the  seven 
teenth  century  to  keep  its  ground." — Italian's  Lit.  Hist,  of  Europe. 
5.  Syntagma  Dissertationum  quae  olim  separatim  edidit. 
Accesserunt  nonnulla  ejusdem  opuscula  hactenus  inedita, 
1767,  2  vols.  4to.  Pub.  by  Dr.  Gregory  Sharpe,  with  the 
Life  of  the  Author,  (q.  v.)  For  further  information  respect 
ing  Hyde  and  his  works  see  Athen.  Oxon. ;  Biog.  Brit. ; 
Genl.  Diet. ;  Biog.  Univer. ;  Disraeli's  Quarrels  of  Authors, 
ed.  Lon.,  1840,  174.  Hyde  rendered  great  service  to  Brian 
Walton  in  the  preparation  of  his  Polyglott  Bible. 
Hyett,  Wm.  See  HYATT. 

Hygden,  Ranulphus.     See  HIGDEN,  RANULPH. 
Hyll,  Albayn,  M.D.,  d.  in  Lon.,  1559,  a  native  of 
Wales  or  of  Scotland,  studied  at  Oxford,  received  his  doc 
tor's  degree  on  the  Continent,  and  wrote  a  Commentary  on 
Galen. 

Hyll,  or  Hylle,  Thomas.     See  HILL. 
Hylton,  Walter.     See  HILTON. 
Hynd,  John.     See  HIND. 

11  y  ml  in  mi,  John,  one  of  the  ministers  of  the  West 

Kirk,  Edinburgh.     Serm.,  Prov.  xiv.  34,  Edin.,  1761,  8vo. 

Hyneman,  Leon,  b.  1806,  in  Montgomery  co.,  Pa.; 

Editor  of  Masonic  Mirror,  Philadelphia,  since  1850.     The 

Origin  of  Freemasonry,  Ac.,  Phila.,  1858,  8vo. 

Hyrde,  Richard.  A  uery  frvtefvl  and  pleasaunt 
boke,  callyd  the  Instrvction  of  a  Christen  Woman ;  made 
fyrste  in  Latyne  by  the  right  famous  Clerke  Leues  Vues, 
and  tvrned  out  of  Latyne  into  Englysshe,  Lon.,  1540,  '41, 
'57,  '92,  4to.  The  5th  chap.  B.  1,  entitled  "  What  Bokes  to  be 
redde  and  what  nat,"  gives  an  account  of  ungracious  bookes. 


I. 


lager,  G.  F.,  Lutheran  pastor,  Bucks  county,  Penna. 
Leben  des  Andreas  Jackson,  aus  dem  Englischen  ueber- 
setzt,  1831. 

Ibbetson,  Mrs.  Agnes,  1757-1823,  a  native  of 
London.  Botanical  Papers  in  Nic.  Jour,  and  Phil.  Mag., 
1809-17. 

Ibbetson,  James,  D.D.,  1717-1781,  Preb.  of  Lincoln. 
Tbeolog.  treatises  and  serins.,  1746-83. 

Ibbetson,  James,  1755-1790,  son  of  the  preceding. 
Legal  Dissertations,  1780-82. 

Ibbetson,  Julius  C.,  d.  1817,  a  painter.  An  Acci 
dence  ;  or,  Gamut  of  Oil-  Painting,  1805,  8vo. 

Ibbetson,  Laporte,  and  J.  Hassell.  Picturesque 
Guide  to  Bath,  Ac.,  Lon.,  1793,  4to. 

Ibbetson,  Richard,  D.D.     Serms.,  1712-22. 

Ibbot,  Benjamin,  D.D.,  1680-1725,  Preb.  of  West- 
2?ftSi/  «  1-  Serms-  at  the  Boyle  Lects.,  1714-15, 
8vo,  1727.  2.  XXX.  Discourses,  1726,  2  vols.  8vo.  With 
six  more,  and  a  Life,  1776,  2  vols.  8vo.  He  also  pub.  a 
Trans,  of  a  Treatise  of  Puffendorf,  and  wrote  some  verses. 

d  USeful 


Idea,  Henry.  Trans,  of  John  Baptista  Gelli's  Circes, 
Lon.,  1557,  16mo. 

Idle,  Christopher.  Hints  on.  Shooting,  Fishing,  Ac 
both  on  Sea  and  Land,  Lon.,  1855,-  fp.  8vo. 


Iliff,  Edward  Henry,  an  actor.  Angelo;  a  Nov., 
Lon.,  1796,  2  vols.  12mo. 

Iliff,  Mrs.  Edward  Henry,  wife  of  the  preceding. 
Poems  on  various  subjects,  1808,  8vo. 

Ilive,  Jacob.  The  Book  of  Jasher,  1751,  4to.  Re 
printed,  Bristol,  1829,  4to.  An  account  of  this  forgery 
will  be  found  in  Home's  Bibl.  Bib.  Ilive,  who  was  an 
infidel  printer  of  London,  pub.  some  other  works.  See 
Nichols's  Lit.  Anec. ;  Wilson's  Hist,  of  Dissent.  Churches. 

Illenden,  J.     Gauger,  Lon.,  1771. 

Illingworth,  Rev.  Cayley.  Topog.  Account  of  the 
Parish  of  Scrarnpton,  and  antiquities,  Lon.,  1810,  8vo. 

Illingworth,  James,  D.D.  Acct.  of  the  man  whose 
hands,  Ac.  rotted  off,  Lon.,  1678,  1751,  8vo. 

Illingworth,  James,  D.D.    Serms.,  1781-95. 

Illingworth,  Wm.     Laws  of  Forestalling,  Ac.,  1800. 

Ilsley,  Charles.     Taxing  Attornies,  1804,  8vo. 

Ilsley,  Charles  P.  Forest  and  Shore,  Bost.,  1856, 
12mo.  Highly  commended. 

Ilsley,  Francis.  The  West  India  Interest  considered, 
1810,  8vo.  Refers  to  the  cost  of  sugar. 

Imber,  Matt.     Customs  of  Merdon,  1707. 

Imesou,  Wm.     Court  of  Session,  Lon.,  1815,  8vo. 

Imison,  John.  Elements  of  Art  and  Science;  new 
ed.,  by  J.  Webster,  Lon.,  1807,  2  vols.  Svo.  Other  works. 

liulay ,  Capt.  G.,  of  the  American  army.     1.  Topog. 


IMP 


ING 


Deserip.  of  the  Western  Territory  of  N.  America,  Lon., 
1792,  '93,  '97,  8vo.  The  3d  ed.  embodies  the  works  of 
Filson,  Hutchins,  and  other  matter.  The  student  of  the 
early  history  of  the  Western  country  should  possess  this 
work.  2.  The  Emigrants;  a  Nov.,  1793,  3  vols.  12mo. 
Commended  by  the  Lon.  Month.  Rev. 

Impey,  Elijah  B.     Poems,  Lon.,  1811-13. 

Impey,  John.  1.  Instructor  Clericalis :  C.  Pleas ;  7th 
ed.,  Lon.,  1826,  r.  8vo.  2.  Instructor  Clericalis  :  King's 
Bench ;  10th  ed.,  1823,  Svo.  3.  Office  of  Sheriff,  <fcc.;  new 
ed.,  by  H.  Jeremy,  1831,  8vo.  4.  Modern  Pleader ;  new 
ed.,  1814,  r.  8vo.  See  1  Lee's  Diet.,  Pref.,  v. 

Impey,  Walter  J.  1.  Proceed,  in  K.  B.  and  C.  P., 
Lon.,  1820,  8vo.  2.  Bankrupt  Act,  1825,  12mo.  3.  Ques. 
on  Prac.  K.  B.  and  C.  P.,  1825,  8vo.  4.  General  Stamp  Act  ; 
4th  ed.,  1839,  12mo. 

Imray,  Keith,  M.D.  Cyclopedia  of  Popular  Medi 
cine,  Lon.,  1842,  8vo ;  1843,  8vo. 

"  An  excellent  manual  of  the  practice  of  medicine,  translated 
into  the  vernacular." — Provincial  Med.  and  Surg.  Jour. 

Imrie,  Major.  Geological  papers  in  Trans.  Soc., 
Edin.,  1796,  1812;  and  in  Nic.  Jour.,  1796. 

Ince,  Henry.  1.  Outlines  of  English  History,  ISmo. 
72,000  sold  to  1854.  New  ed.,  1855,  18mo.  2.  Outlines 
of  French  History ;  7th  ed.,  1854,  18mo.  3.  Outlines  of 
General  Knowledge,  18mo.  11,000  sold  to  1854. 

Ince,  Hugh.  Trans,  of  Kimedoncius's  work  On  the 
Redemption  of  Mankind,  Lon.,  1598,  4to. 

Ince,  Richard,  d.  1758,  contributed  several  pieces  to 
the  Spectator. 

Inchbald,  Mrs.  Elizabeth,  1756-1821,  a  celebrated 
actress,  dramatist,  and  novelist,  a  native  of  Stanningfield, 
Suffolk,  where  her  father,  Mr.  Simpson,  was  a  farmer,  came 
to  London  at  the  age  of  sixteen  to  seek  an  engagement 
on  the  stage,  and  married  Mr.  Inchbald,  an  actor  of  some 
reputation.  The  beautiful  Mrs.  Inchbald  seems  to  have 
trod  the  boards  with  unbounded  applause  from  her  first 
appearance  on  the  stage  until  her  retirement  in  1789. 
From  this  period  she  supported  herself  by  her  literary 
labours,  which  had  commenced  as  early  as  1781,  although 
her  Comedy  then  written — I'll  Tell  You  What — was  not 
performed  until  1785.  The  first  piece  of  her  composition 
which  was  played  was  the  Farce  of  A  Mogul  Tale ;  or, 
The  Descent  of  the  Balloon,  which  came  out  in  1784  at 
the  Hay  market  Theatre.  The  following  is  a  list  of  her 
dramas:  1.  A  Mogul  Tale;  Farce,  1784.  Not  printed. 
2.  Appearance  is  against  them ;  Farce,  1785,  Svo.  3.  I'll 
Tell  You  What  j  Com.,  1786,  Svo.  4.  Widow's  Vow  j  Farce, 
1786,  Svo.  5.  All  on  a  Summer's  Day;  Com.,  1787.  Not 
printed.  6.  Animal  Magnetism;  Farce,  1788.  Notprinted. 
7.  The  Child  of  Nature  ;  Dram.  Piece,  1788,  Svo.  8.  Mid 
night  Hour ;  Com.,  1788,  Svo.  9.  Such  Things  Are;  Play, 
1788,  Svo.  10.  Married  Man;  Com.,  1789,  Svo.  11.  The 
Hue  and  Cry;  Farce,  1791.  Notprinted.  12.  Next-Door 
Neighbours;  Com.,  1791,  Svo.  13.  Young  Men  and  Old 
Women ;  Farce.  Not  printed.  14.  Every  one  has  his 
faults;  Com.,  1793,  Svo.  15.  The  Wedding  Day;  Com., 
1794,  Svo.  16.  Wives  as  they  were,  and  Maids  as  they 
are ;  Com.,  1 797,  Svo.  17.  Lovers'  Vows ;  Play,  1798,  Svo. 
18.  Wise  Man  of  the  East;  Play,  1799,  Svo.  19.  To  Marry 
or  not  to  Marry;  Com.,  1805,  Svo.  Mrs.  Inchbald  also 
edited  a  Collection  of  Plays,  (The  British  Theatre,)  wkh 
Biographical  and  Critical  Remarks,  25  vols.,  1806-09;  a 
Collection  of  Farces  and  other  After-pieces,  in  7  vols.-l2mo, 
1809;  and  the  Modern  Theatre,  10  vols.  12ino,  1809.  But 
it  is  by  her  novels — A  Simple  Story,  1791,  4  vols.  12mo, 
and  Nature  and  Art,  1796,  2  vols.  12mo — that  this  excel 
lent  woman  is  best  known  to  the  reading-world  at  large. 
A  notice  of  each  of  these  works  from  eminent  critics  is  all 
for  which  we  can  find  space  : 

"  I  have  just  been  reading  for  the  third,  I  believe  for  the  fourth, 
time,  The  Simple  Story.  Its  effect  upon  my  feelings  was  as  power 
ful  as  at  the  first  reading:  I  never  readan.y  novel — I  except  none, 
— I  never  read  any  novel  that  affected  me  so  strongly,  or  that  so 
completely  possessed  me  with  the  belief  in  the  real  existence  of 
all  the  persons  it  represents.  I  never  once  recollected  the  author 
whilst  I  was  reading  it;  never  said  or  thought,  that's  a  fine  senti 
ment, — or,  that  is  wctt  expressed, — or,  that  is  well  invented ;  I  believed 
all  to  be  real,  and  was  affected  as  I  should  be  by  the  real  scenes, 
if  they  had  passed  before  my  eyes :  it  is  truly  and  deeply  pathetic." 
— MARIA  EDGEWORTH. 

"If  Mrs.  Radcliffe  touched  the  trembling  chords  of  the  imagina 
tion,  making  wild  music  there,  Mrs.  Inchbald  has  no  less  power 
over  the  spring  of  the  heart.  She  not  only  moves  the  affections, 
but  melts  us  into  '  all  the  luxury  of  woe.'  Her  Nature  and  Art 
is  one  of  the  most  interesting  and  pathetic  stories  in  the  world. 
It  is  indeed  too  much  so ;  the  distress  is  too  naked,  and  the  situa 
tions  hardly  to  be  borne  with  patience."— HAZLITT  :  On  the  Eng 
lish  Novelists. 

Mrs.  Inchbald  had  prepared  four  vols.  of  autobiogra 


phical  reminiscences,  for  which  she  was  offered  £1000  by 
Sir  Richard  Phillips,  the  publisher;  but,  acting  by  the 
advice  of  her  spiritual  guide,  Dr.  Poynter,  she  destroyed 
the  MS.  In  1833,  however,  Mr.  Boaden  pub.  Memoirs 
of  Mrs.  Inchbald,  compiled  from  an  autograph  journal 
which  she  had  kept  for  above  half  a  century.  Of  these 
Memoirs  a  review,  accompanied  by  copious  extracts,  will 
be  found  in  Lon.  Gent.  Mag.,  1833,  Pt.  2,  240-243,  332- 
336.  A  biographical  notice  of  Mrs.  Inchbald,  pub.  at  the 
time  of  her  death,  will  be  found  in  the  same  periodical, 
1821,  Pt.  2,  184-185,  648.  See  also  Mrs.  Elwood's  Lite 
rary  Ladies  of  England ;  Allan  Cunningham's  Biog.  and 
Crit.  Hist,  of  the  Lit.  of  the  Last  Fifty  Years ;  Lon.  Month. 
Rev.,  cxxxi.  476;  Eraser's  Mag.,  viii.  536;  N.  Amer.  Rev., 
xxxvii.  445,  by  F.  A.  Durivage. 

Inchbald,  P.     Serm.,  Lon.,  1805,  Svo. 

Inchequin,  Lord.  Manifestation  to  the  H.  of  Lords 
cone,  the  Irish  Rebels,  Lon.,  1644,  4to. 

Incledon,  Bcnj.  Account  of  the  Hospital  of  St 
Margaret;  Archaeol.,  1796. 

Inett,  John,  D.D.,  Precentor  and  Canon-Residentiary 
of  Lincoln.  1.  Origines  Anglicanse ;  or,  A  Hist,  of  the 
English  Church  from  the  Conversion  of  the  Eng.  Saxons 
till  the  death  of  King  John :  vol.  i.,  Lon.,  1704,  fol. ;  ii. 
Oxf.,  1710,  fol.  New  ed.,  by  the  Rev.  John  Griffiths, 
late  Fellow  and  Tutor  of  Wadbam  College,  Lon.,  1S55, 
3  vols.  Svo.  This  work  is  a  continuation  of  Bishop  Stil- 
lingfleet's  Origines  Britannicae.  Extracts  will  be  found 
in  Wordsworth's  Eccl.  Biog.  2.  A  Guide  to  the  Devout 
Christian  ;  llth  ed.,  1723,  12mo. 

Ingeland,  Thomas.  A  Pretie  and  Mery  new 
Enterlude,  called  the  Disobedient  Child,  Lon.,  «.  a.,  4to. 

Ingelden.     Love  and  Marriage,  Lon.,  1765,  4to. 

Ingelo,  Nathaniel,  D.D.,  d.  16S3,  pub.  three  Serms., 
1659-77,  and  wrote  a  religious  romance  entitled  Bentivolio 
and  Urania,  Lon.,  1669,  fol.;  1673,  fol.  See  Harwood's 
Alumni  Etonenses. 

Ingersoll,  C.  M.     English  Grammar,  Phihu 

Ingersoll,  Charles  Jared,  a  member  of  the  Phila 
delphia  Bar,  b.  Oct.  3,  1782,  at  Philadelphia,  is  a  son  of 
Jared  Ingersoll,  of  Philadelphia,  and  a  grandson  of  Jared 
Ingersoll,  of  Connecticut,  Stamp  Commissioner.  The  sub 
ject  of  our  notice  was  elected  a  member  of  the  National 
House  of  Representatives  in  1812,  and  has,  until  within 
the  last  seven  or  eight  years,  been  actively  engaged  in 
public  life  in  various  capacities.  His  principal  literary 
productions  are  the  following: 

About  1800,  a  poem,  called  Chiomara,  published  in  the 
Port-Folio,  edited  by  Joseph  Dennie.  1801.  A  tragedy,  in 
five  acts,  called  Edwy  and  Elgiva,  performed  at  the  thea 
tre,  Chestnut  Street.  1808.  A  pamphlet  on  the  interna 
tional  disputes,  called  the  Rights  and  Wrongs,  Power  and 
Policy,  of  the  United  States  of  America.  1810.  A  volume 
entitled  Inchiquin  the  Jesuit's  Letters  on  American  litera 
ture  and  politics.  Reviewed  in  the  Lon.  Quar.  Rev.,  x.  494- 
539.  See  also  Rich's  Bibl.Amer.  Nova,  ii.  50.  The  review 
in  the  London  Quarterly  was  answered  by  James  K.  Pauld- 
ing,  in  his  United  States  and  England,  pub.  in  1814. 
1811-15.  Numerous  contributions,  anonymous,  to  the  De 
mocratic  Press,  Phila.,  and  National  Intelligencer,  Wash 
ington,  on  the  controversies  with  England  which  produced 
the  war  declared  in  1812.  1813-15.  Several  Speeches, 
published  in  pamphlets,  as  member  of  Congress,  concerning 
that  war.  1S23.  Discourse  before  the  American  Philoso 
phical  Society  on  the  influence  of  America  on  the  mind. 
Republished  in  England  and  France.  1827.  The  Address 
of  the  Assembly  of  friends  of  domestic  manufactures  at 
Harrisburg;  and  (1829)  most  of  the  address  of  the  Na 
tional  Assembly  on  that  subject  at  New  York.  Transla 
tion  of  a  French  Work  on  the  freedom  of  navigation  and 
commerce  of  neutral  nations  in  time  of  war,  vindicating 
the  law  of  nations  that  free  ships  make  free  goods ;  pub 
lished  in  the  American  Law  Journal.  1830.  Review  of 
Bourrienne's  Memoirs,  in  American  Quarterly  Review. 
1831.  A  dramatic  tragic  poem,  in  five  acts,  called  Julian. 
1838.  Article  on  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  United  States,  its 
judges  and  jurisdiction,  in  the  United  States  Magazine  and 
Democratic  Review.  1835.  A  pamphlet  entitled  View  of 
River-Rights.  1837.  In  the  Convention  to  reform  the  Con 
stitution  of  Pennsylvania,  Reports  on  Currency,  Speeches, 
published  in  pamphlets,  on  the  Judiciary  and  Legislative 
power  over  bank-charters.  1841-42,  '44-48.  Reports  and 
Speeches  in  Congress,  published  in  pamphlets,  on  Tariff, 
Bank,  Mexico,  Texas,  and  Oregon.  Many  Discourses  and 
Orations,  published  in  pamphlets,  on  various  subjects,  lite 
rary  and  political.  1845-52.  History  of  the  War  of  1812-15, 
between  Great  Britain  and  the  United  States  :  in  four  vo- 


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lumes.  Vols.  i.  and  ii.  were  reviewed  in  the  Lon.  Athenaeum, 
1853,  103-104. 

"  The  quotations  that  we  have  made  suggest  a  concluding  re 
mark  as  to  Mr.  Ingersoll's  style.  It  is  a  rough,  energetic  style, 
not  deficient  in  happy  and  vivid  expressions ;  but  we  have  rarely 
met  with  American  writing  more  contemptuous  not  only  of  Eng 
lish  rules,  but  of  the  reader's  respiratory  conveniences.  .  .  .  The 
book  is  hard  to  read  because  of  the  uncouthness  of  its  forms." 
— Ubt  supra. 

Whatever  may  be  the  peculiarities  of  Mr.  Ingersoll's 
style,  the  public  are  certainly  indebted  to  him  for  much 
valuable  information,  collected  from  original  sources,  and 
first  made  known  to  the  world  through  the  medium  of 
these  volumes. 

For  further  information  concerning  Mr.  Ingersoll  and 
his  literary  labours,  see  Duyckincks'  Cyc.  of  Amer.  Lit. ; 
N.  Amer.  Rev.,  xviii.  157-178,  (by  Jared  Sparks  j)  Ibid., 
xxii.  212-215;  Democrat.  Rev.,  (with  portrait,)  vi.  339 ; 
Ibid.,  xvi.  221. 

Mr.  Ingersoll  is  now  (1856)  engaged  upon  a  History 
of  the  Territorial  Acquisitions  of  the  United  States. 

Ingersoll,  Edward.  1.  Abridgt.  of  the  Acts  of 
Congress  now  in  Force,  Phila.,  1825,  8vo.  2.  Digest  of 
Laws  of  the  U.  States,  1789-1820,  Phila.,  1821,  8vo. 

Ingersoll,  Edward.  1.  Hist,  and  Law  of  the  Writ 
of  Habeas  Corpus,  with  an  Essay  on  the  Law  of  Grand 
Juries,  Phila.,  1849,  8vo.  2.  Addison^m  Contracts;  new 
ed.,  with  Amer.  Notes,  1857,  r.  8vo,  pp.  1200.  See  ADDI- 
SON,  C.  G.  See  also  HALE,  SIR  MATTHEW,  No.  4. 

Ingersoll,  Jared,  1722-1781,  a  native  of  Milford, 
Conn.,  graduated  at  Yale  College  in  1742,  and  was  ap 
pointed  Stamp  Commissioner  in  1765.  He  was  subse 
quently  made  Admiralty  Judge  for  the  Middle  District, 
and  resided  some  time  in  Philadelphia,  but  returned  to 
New  Haven,  where  he  died  in  August,  1781.  He  was 
present  at  the  debate  on  the  Stamp-Act,  and  on  his  return 
home  pub.  a  pamphlet  on  the  subject,  (New  Haven,  1766, 
4to,)  which  is  now  very  rare,  and  has  even  escaped  the 
researches  of  Mr.  Rich.  Extracts  from  this  pamphlet 
will  be  found  in  a  review  of  Lord  Mahon's  Hist,  of  Eng 
land,  (by  J.  G.  Palfrey,)  N.  Amer.  Rev.,  Ixxv.  141-143. 

Ingersoll,  Joseph  Reed,  a  member  of  the  Phila 
delphia  Bar,  grandson  of  the  preceding,  and  brother  of 
Charles  Jared  Ingersoll,  (ante,)  was  for  many  years  an 
influential  member  of  the  National  House  of  Representa 
tives.  For  the  last  few  years  he  has  retired  from  public 
life.  In  addition  to  a  number  of  printed  speeches  and 
addresses,  political,  literary,  and  philanthropic,  Mr.  In 
gersoll  is  favourably  known  as  an  author  by  his  transla 
tion  into  English  of  Roccus's  tracts  De  Navibus  et  Naulo, 
and  De  Assecuratione,  Phila.,  1809,  8vo. 

"  An  excellent  translation." — JVDGE  STOUT  :  Marit.  Law,  7 
If.  Amer.  JRev^  337,  Sept.  1818,  and  in  Miscell.  Works,  1852, 109. 

See  notices  of  this  accomplished  scholar  and  excellent 
man  in  Amer.  Whig  Rev.,  viii.  101,  with  portrait ;  South 
Lit.  Mess.,  iv.  165. 

Ingham,  Samuel.     Med.  treatises,  Lon.,  1762. 

Ingleby,  C.  M.     The  Stereoscope,  Lon.,  1853,  8vo. 

Ingleby,  John.     Two  med.  treatises,  both  8vo. 

Inglefield,  Capt.     Loss  of  the  Centaur,  1783,  8vo. 

Inglefield,  Ann.    Her  Justification,  1787,  8vo. 

Inglefield,  E.  A.  A  Summer-Search  for  Sir  John 
Franklin,  Lon.,  1853,  p.  8vo. 

Inglis,  Charles,  D.D.,  d.  1816,  aged  82,  Rector  of 
Trinity  Church,  New  York,  1777-83,  was  subsequently 
Bishop  of  Nova  Scotia.  Religion  and  Loyalty ;  a  serm., 
Lon.,  1793,  8vo. 

Inglis,  Henry  David,  a  Baptist  divine  of  Edin 
burgh.  1.  Two  Letters  on  Grace,  1791,  8vo.  2.  Serm., 
1792,  8vo. 

Inglis,  Henry  David,  1795-1835,  a  native  of  Edin 
burgh,  the  son  of  a  barrister,  travelled  extensively  over 
Europe,  and  gave  the  results  of  his  observations  to  the 
public.  1.  Tales  of  Ardennes ;  last  ed.,  1841,  r.  8vo.  Pub. 
under  the  name  of  H.  Derwent  Conway,  (q.  v.)  2.  Solitary 
Walks  through  many  Lands ;  3d  ed.,  1843,  r.  8vo. 

"  It  contains  more  information  of  a  variety  of  countries  than 
any  other  book  of  travels  of  the  same  size  that  we  know  of."— 
Lon.  Month.  Mag. 

3.  Journey  through  Norway,  Sweden,  and  Denmark, 
1829 ;  4th  ed.,  1837,  p.  8vo. 

"A  most  delightful  volume."— Lon.  Lit.  Gazette. 

4.  Tour  through  Switzerland,  the  South  of  France,  and 
the  Pyrenees,  1830,  '35,  2  vols.  18mo.      5.  Spain  in  1830, 
2  vols.  8vo,  1831. 

"  A  work  from  which  I  have  derived  more  information  than 
from  all  the  state  documents  I  ever  perused." — Speech  of  Lord 


6.  The  New  Gil  Bias ;  or,  Pedro  of  Penaflor,  3  vols.  p. 
8vo ;  again  in  2  vols.  p.  8vo. 

"  Those  who  want  a  few  hours'  pleasant  reading  are  not  likely 
to  meet  with  a  book  more  to  their  taste."— ion.  Athenceum. 

7.  A  Journey  throughout  Ireland  in  1834,  1834,  2  vols. 
p.  8vo;  5th  ed.,  1838,  p.  8vo. 

"The  most  striking  and  the  most  valuable  characteristic  of 
this  work  is  its  strict  honesty." — Lon.  Athenceum.  833-835,  852- 
853. 

So  thought  the  members  of  Parliament;  for  it  was  fre 
quently  quoted  as  authority  during  the  debates  on  Ireland 
in  the  session  of  1835. 

8.  The  Tyrol,  with  a  Glance  at  Bavaria,  1834,  p.  8vo; 
2d  ed.  pub.  within  a  month.     9.  The   Channel-Islands; 
Jersey,   Guernsey,  Alderney,  «tc.,  1835,  2  vols.  p.  8vo; 
again,  1  vol.  p.  8vo. 

"We  know  of  few  travellers  with  whom  it  is  pleasanter  to 
journey  in  company  than  Mr.  Inglis." — Lon.  Athenceum.  1834. 
254-255. 

10.  Rambles  in  the  Footsteps  of  Don  Quixote,  1837,  p. 
8vo.  This  was  originally  pub.  in  parts  in  the  London 
New  Monthly  Magazine.  An  interesting  biography  of 
this  excellent  writer  will  be  found  in  Chambers  and 
Thomson's  Biog.  Diet,  of  Eminent  Scotsmen,  ed.  1855, 
v.  318-320. 

Inglis,  or  English,  Sir  James,  d.  1554,  is  the 
supposed  author  of  The  Complaynt  of  Scotland,  a  politi 
cal  work,  pub.  originally  at  St.  Andrews  in  1548  or  '49, 
and  repub.  by  Dr.  Leyden.  It  is  called  the  earliest  Scot 
tish  prose-work  in  existence.  See  Leyden's  ed.  of  Com 
playnt  of  Scot. ;  Mackenzie's  Writers  of  the  Scots  Na 
tion;  Irving's  Scot.  Poets;  Lives  of  Eminent  Scotsmen. 

Inglis,  James,  D.D.,  of  Baltimore,  d.  1820.  A  vol. 
of  his  poems  was  pub.  after  his  decease. 

Inglis,  John,  D.D.,  d.  1834,  aged  71,  one  of  the 
ministers  of  the  Greyfriars  Church,  Edinburgh,  pub.  two 
pamphlets  in  1806,  on  one  of  Dugald  Stewart's ;  and 
more  recently  gave  to  the  world  a  Defence  of  Ecclesiasti 
cal  Establishments,  and  a  Vindication  of  the  Christian 
Faith,  Edin.,  1830,  8vo. 

"Inglis's  admirable  View  of  the  Evidences  of  Christianity."— 
CHRISTOPHER  NORTH  :  Noctes  Ambrosiance.  See  also  Blackw.  Mag.. 
xxv.  109. 

Inglis,  Mrs.  Richmond.  Anna  and  Edgar;  a 
Tale,  Edin.,  1781,  8vo. 

Inglis,  Sir  Robert  Harry,  M.P.,  1786-1855,  edu 
cated  at  Christ  Church,  Oxford,  first  elected  to  Parlia 
ment  in  1824,  and  from  1829  to  '53  represented  the 
University  of  Oxford  in  that  dignified  body.  Four  of  his 
Speeches  were  printed, — three  on  R.  Catholic  questions, 
1825-28,  and  one  on  Universities  and  Dissenters,  1834. 
See  Lon.  Gent.  Mag.,  1855,  Pt.  1,  640-641 ;  Eraser's  Mag.; 
Blackw.  Mag.,  xviii.  487;  xxiv.  811;  xxix.  659,  660,  729, 
730.  735;  xxxi.  773;  xlvi.  307;  Sir  James  Mackintosh's 
Works,  Lon.,  1854,  iii.  540. 

Ingmethorpe,  Thomas.     Two  serms.,  1598,  1619. 

Ingoldsby,  Thomas.  See  BAKHAM,  RICHARD 
HARRIS. 

Ingpen,  Abel.     British  Insects,  12mo. 

Ingpen,  Win.  Secrets  of  Numbers,  Lon.,  1642, 
4to. 

Ingraham,  Edward  D.,  a  member  of  the  Phila 
delphia  Bar,  d.  1854.  1.  A  View  of  the  Insolvent  Laws 
of  Pennsylvania;  2d  ed.,  Phila.,  1827,  8vo.  2.  Gow  on 
Partnership,  with  Notes  and  App.  to  1844,  8vo,  1837-45. 
See  Gow,  NEIL.  3.  Vattel's  Law  of  Nations;  7th  Amer. 
ed.,  from  a  new  ed.  by  J.  Chitty,  1852,  8vo.  See  CHITTY, 
Jos.  4.  English  Ecclesiastical  Reports;  from  1809  to 
1835,  7  vols.  This  work  is  serial.  Mr.  Ingraham  was 
noted  for  his  love  of  rare  and  curious  books  and  prints ; 
and  the  catalogue  of  his  library,  sold  in  Philadelphia, 
February,  1855,  is  well  worthy  of  the  attention  of  the 
veritable  bibliomaniac.  A  notice  of  Mr.  Ingraham, 
with  a  portrait,  will  be  found  in  the  Democratic  Review, 
xxv.  77. 

Ingraham,  Rev.  J.  H.,  now  a  clergyman  of  the 
Protestant  Episcopal  Church  in  the  United  States,  before 
his  ordination  pub.  a  number  of  romances,  among  which 
are  The  Southwest,  Burton,  Lafitte,  Will  Terrill,  and 
Rivingstone.  Since  he  entered  the  ministry,  he  has 
published  The  Prince  of  the  House  of  David ;  or,  Three 
Years  in  the  Holy  City,  N.  York,  1855,  12mo.  See  South. 
Lit.  Mess.,  ii.  593 ;  iv.  561. 

Ingram,  Alexander,  a  teacher  of  Mathematics  at 
Leith,  pub.  works  on  mathematics,  1809-14,  some  of 
which  still  keep  their  place  in  schools, — viz.:  1.  Arithme 
tic;  24th  ed.,  Lon.,  1844,  18mo.  2.  Algebra,  1844,  12mo. 
3.  Geometry  and  Trigonometry,  1850,  12mo.  4.  Matho- 


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matics,  by  Trotter;  7th  ed.,  1845, 12mo.     5.  Mensuration, 
by  Trotter,  1851,  12mo. 

Ingram,  Dale,  d.  1793,  pub.  a  number  of  medical 
works,  Lon.,  1743-77. 

Ingram,  Edward  James.      Vindiciae  Lusitanae: 
rel.  to  Emigration  to  the  Brazils,  Lon.,  1808,  8vo. 
Ingram,  Henry.     A  Poem,  Lon.,  1815,  8vo. 
Ingram,    James,    D.D.,   1774-1850,    President  of 
Trin.  Coll.,  Oxford,  and  Rector  of  Garsington,  is  favour 
ably  known  as  an   author  by  his  Memorials  of  Oxford, 
published  in  Pts.,  bound  in  3  vols.,  1834-35-37;  new  ed., 
1847,  2  vols.  8vo;  and  by  his  Trans,  of  the  Saxon  Chro 
nicle,   1823,   4to.     He  was   the  author  of  several  other 
fublications,  for  an  account  of  which,  see  Lon.  Gent.  Mag., 
853,  Pt.  2,  553-555. 

Ingram,  Robert,  1727-1804,  a  native  of  Yorkshire, 
Vicar  of  Boxted,  Ac.  1.  Isaiah's  Vision,  Lon.,  1784,  8vo. 
2.  The  Seventh  Plague,  1787,  8vo.  3.  The  Ten  Tribes  of 
Israel  in  America,  1792,  8vo.  See  Rich's  Bibl.  Amer. 
Nova,  i.  379.  4.  The  Seven  Vials,  1804. 

Ingram,  Robert  Acklom,  Rector  of  Seagrave,  d. 
1809,  aged  47,  pub.  several  serms.,  and  an  essay,  1788- 
1800,  four  works  on  political  economy,  1797,  1800,  '08, 
and  a  work  on  Methodism,  which  was  reviewed  by  the 
Rev.  Sydney  Smith  in  Edin.  Rev.,  1808,  and  in  his 
Works,  1854,  i.  188-216. 

Ingram,  Rowland.  1.  Reflec.  on  Duelling,  Lon., 
1804,  8vo.  2.  Serm.,  1804. 

Ingram,  Wm.     Poems,  Aberd.,  1812,  8vo. 
Ings,  E.     Arrest  on  Mesne  Process,  Ac.,  Lon.,  1840, 
12mo. 

Ingulphus,  a  monastic  historian,  b.  in  London,  about 
1030,  d.  1109,  has  long  enjoyed  the  reputation  of  the 
authorship  of  a  work  on  the  life  and  miracles  of  St. 
Guthlac,  and  a  History  of  the  Monastery  of  Croyland, 
626-1089.  The  latter,  which  embodies  many  particulars 
relating  to  English  history,  was  pub.  by  Sir  Henry  Savile, 
in  the  Rerum  Anglicarum  Scriptores  post  Bedam  praecipui, 
Lon.,  1596,  fol. ;  Franc.,  1601,  fol. ;  and  entire,  with  Peter 
of  Blois's  continuation,  (1090-1117,)  in  the  Rerum  Angli 
carum  Scriptorum  veterum,  Oxon.,  1684,  fol.,  torn.  i.  A 
new  ed.,  edited  by  Mr.  H.  T.  Riley,  has  been  recently 
pub.,  1854,  p.  8vo,  in  Bohn's  Antiq.  Lib.,  vol.  xxix.  But, 
unfortunately  for  the  fame  of  Ingulphus,  it  has  been 
proved  (by  Sir  Francis  Palgrave  first,  in  the  Lon.  Quar. 
Rev.,  and  by  Thomas  Wright,  in  Biog.  Brit.  Lit.)  that  this 
history  is  a  forgery.  See  these  authorities,  and  Hallam's 
Lit.  Hist,  of  Europe,  ed.  Lon.,  1854,  i.  16,  and  27,  n.  In 
the  history  it  is  stated  that  its  reputed  aiithor,  Ingulphus, 
also  wrote  a  life  of  St.  Guthlac ;  but  no  such  book  is  known 
to  exist,  nor  is  it  mentioned  by  any  other  authority. 

Inkersley,  Thomas.  On  the  Styles  of  Roman  and 
Pointed  Architecture  in  France,  Lon.,  1850,  8vo. 

"  Executed  with  great  diligence  and  scholarly  candour." — Lon. 
Spectator. 

Inman,  James.     Algebra,.  1810,  8vo. 
Innes,  Alexander,  D.D.     Serms.,  1717-28. 
Innes,  George.  MilitarieRudiment,Aberd.,1644,4to. 
Innes,  George.     XIV.  Discourses,  Lon.,  1783, 12mo. 
"  His  discourses  are  plain,  sober,  and  rational." — Lon.  Crit.  Eev, 
Innes,  Hugh.  Divine  Meditations,  Glasg.,  1756,  8vo. 
Innes,  James.      Idea  Juris   Scotici;    or,  A    Sum 
mary  View  of  the  Laws  of  Scotland,  Lon.,  1773,  4to. 
Innes,  James  D.     Med.  treatise,  Lon.,  1784,  Svo. 
lunes,  John,  M.D.     Con.  to  Ed.  Med.  Ess.,  1731. 
Innes,  John.     Annuities,  Edin.,  1741, 4to. 
Innes,  John,  d.  1776,  dissector  in  the  Univ.  of  Edin 
1.  Human   Muscles,   Edin.,   1776,   12mo.     By  A.  Munro 
M.D.,  1778,  12mo.     Other  eds.     2.  Anat.  Tables  of  the 
Human  Body,  1776,  4to. 

Innes,  Louis,  a  R.  Catholic  priest,  b.  about  1650 
Principal  of  the  Scotch  College  at  Paris,  and  Parisian 
secretary  to  James  II.,  is  said  to  have  written  the  Memoirs 
of  James  II.,  an  abstract  from  which  was  used  by  JAMES 
STANIER  CLARKE  (q.  v.)  in  the  work  pub.  by  him,  entitled 
The  Life  of  James  II.,  Ac.  The  original  memoir,  in  4  vols 
fol.,  MS.,  was  destroyed,  but  a  compendium  was  pre 
viously  prepared,  and  it  is  to  this  we  have  reference  in 
the  above  remark.  But  see  next  article. 

Innes,  Thomas,  1662-1744,  a  Roman  Catholic  priest 
brother  of  the  preceding,  and  his  successor  in  the  office 
of  Principal  of  the  Scotch  College  at  Paris,  was  the  author 
of  A  Critical  Essay  on  the  Ancient  Inhabitants  of  the 
Northern  Parts  of  Britain,  in  which  he  attacks  with  much 
success  the  assertions  of  Fordun's  Chronicle,  and  other 
histories,  respecting  the  antiquities  of  Scotland.  He  is 
also  supposed  by  some  to  have  been  the  author  of  the 


IRE 

Memoir  of  James  II.  noticed  in  preceding  article.  A 
jiographical  account  of  Innes  will  be  found  in  Chambers 
and  Thomson's  Biog.  Diet,  of  Eminent  Scotsmen,  1853, 
ii.  183-187.  Innes's  Critical  Essay  was  answered  by 
Andrew  Waddell,  Edin.,  1733,  4to,  and  by  Alex.  Taitt, 
1741,  12ino.  Both  of  these  answers  will  be  found  in  vol. 
i.  of  Scotia  Rediviva,  1826,  8vo.  Innes's  Critical  Essay 
is  a  work  of  great  value  to  the  student  of  Scotch  history : 
"Father  Innes,  of  the  Sorbonne,  explored  the  antiquities  of  his 
native  country  with  a  more  rational  spirit  of  criticism  than  any 
of  his  predecessors.  His  Critical  Essay  is  a  work  of  real  learning 
and  importance." — IRVINE. 

"  Invaluable.  His  industry,  coolness,  judgment,  and  general 
accuracy  recommend  him  as  the  best  antiquary  that  Scotland 
has  yet  produced.  His  long  account  of  the  Scottish  historians  is 
exact,  curious,  and  interesting." — Pinkerton's  Scotland. 

Innes,  Wm.  Bundle  of  Myrrhe;  or,  Three  Medita 
tions  of  Tears,  Lon.,  1620,  8vo. 

Innes,  Wm.,  an  Independent  minister  of  Edinburgh. 
1.  Sketches  of  Human  Nature,  Edin.,  1807,  12mo;  2d  ed., 
1818.  2.  The  Christian  Ministry,  1824,  8vo. 

"  This  is  extracted  from  various  Evangelical  authors." — Sicker- 
steth's  C.  & 

Other  theolog.  works. 

Inskip,  John  S.,  b.  1816,  at  Bedfordshire,  England, 
emigrated  to  the  U.  States  in  early  life.  1.  Remarkable 
Display  of  the  Mercy  of  God  in  the  Conversion  of  a 
Family  from  Infidelity.  2.  Life  of  Rev.  Wm.  Summers,  a 
Blind  Man,  Bait.  3.  Methodism  Explained  and  Defended, 
Cincin. 

Inwood,  Henry  William,  son  of  the  succeeding.  1. 
Studies  of  the  Architect,  from  Nature,  4to.  2.  Erectheion 
at  Athens,  1827,  imp.  fol. ;  containing  Fragments  of 
Athenian  Architecture,  Remains  in  Attica,  Megara,  and 
Epirus,  comprising  also,  under  the  divisions  of  Cadmeia, 
Homeros,  Herodotos,  the  Origin  of  Temples  and  of  Grecian 
Art  of  the  periods  preceding. 

Inwood,  William.  Tables  for  the  Purchasing  of 
Estates,  Ac.,  Lon.,  1811,  8vo;  14th  ed.,  1853,  12mo. 

Irby,  Hon.  Charles  Leonard,  and  James  Man 
gles,  Commander  in  the  Royal  Navy.  Travels  in  Egypt, 
Nubia,  Syria,  and  the  Holy  Land,  Ac.,  Lon.,  1823,  8vo. 
Privately  printed.  Pub.  1844,  p.  8vo ;  1847,  p.  8vo. 

"  Almost  from  the  first  a  sealed  book,  and  never  very  generally 
known,  those  who  were  admitted  to  its  pages  prized  it  highly." — 
Lon.  Lit.  Gazette. 

"  I  have  obtained  much  important  information  from  the  Travels 
of  Captains  Irby  and  Mangles." — Keith's  Evidences  of  Prophecy. 

Iredell,  James.  1.  Laws  of  N.  Carolina,  1715-90, 
Edenton,  1791,  fol.  2.  N.  Carolina  Reports,  1778-1837, 
Raleigh,  1839,  2  vols.  8vo.  3.  N.  Carolina  Equity  Reports, 
1840-43,  2  vols.  8vo,  1841-43.  4.  N.  Carolina  Supreme  Ct. 
Law  Reports,  1840-44,  4  vols.  8vo,  1841-44. 
Ireland.  See  MICKLE,  WILLIAM  JULIUS. 
Ireland,  John,  d.  1808,  a  native  of  Wem,  in  Shrop 
shire.  1.  Life  of  Henderson,  the  actor.  See  HENDERSON, 
JOHN.  2.  Hogarth  Illustrated.  See  HOGARTH,  WILLIAM, 
No.  4.  For  an  account  of  Ireland,  see  Chalmers's  Biog. 
Diet. ;  Lon.  Athen.,  vol.  v. ;  Lon.  Gent.  Mag.,  vol.  Ixxviii. 
Ireland,  John,  D.D.,  1761-1842,  a  native  of  Ash- 
burton,  Devonshire,  matriculated  at  Oxford,  1780,  as  Bible 
Clerk  of  Oriel  College ;  Vicar  of  Croydon,  Surrey,  1793 ; 
Preb.  of  Westminster,  1802;  Dean  of  Westminster,  and 
Rector  of  Islip,  1816.  He  founded  four  scholarships,  an 
exhibition,  and  a  professorship,  at  Oxford,  and  left  a  large 
sum  for  benevolent  purposes.  1.  Five  Discourses  rel.  to 
the  Early  Reception  of  Christianity,  Lon.,  1796,  8vo.  2. 
Vindiciae  Regiae,  1797,  8vo.  3.  Serm.,  1807.  4.  Paganism 
and  Christianity  Compared,  in  a  Course  of  Lects.,  1809; 
2d  ed.,  1825,  8vo.  A  most  excellent  work. 

"The  classical  and  more  particularly  the  ecclesiastical  learning 
which  he  has  displayed  in  this  volume  has  indeed  highly  gratified 
us." — Lon.  Chris.  Observer. 

"  An  able,  learned,  and  instructive  work." — Brit.  Critic. 
5.  Lett,  to  H.  Brougham,  Esq.,  M.P.,  1819.  6.  Nuptiaa 
Sacree,  1821.  7.  The  Plague  of  Marseilles  in  1720,  4to, 
1834.  Dr.  Ireland  was  one  of  the  earliest  contributors  to 
the  London  Quarterly  Review,  whose  editor,  Wm.  Gifford, 
was  for  forty-five  years  his  intimate  friend.  See  a  biogra 
phy  of  Dr.  Ireland,  in  Lon.  Gent.  Mag.,  1842,  Pt.  2,  549- 
550. 

Ireland,  J.  P.  Effects  of  Arsenic  in  counteracting 
the  Poison  of  Serpents;  Medico-Chirurg.  Trans.,  1811. 

Ireland,  Samuel,  d.  1800,  originally  a  mechanic  in 
Spitalfields,  subsequently  a  dealer  in  scarce  works  and 
prints,  pub.  8  vols.  of  Picturesque  Tours  and  Views  on 
Great  Britain  and  the  Continent,  Lon.,  1790-1800,  (see 
Lowndes's  Bibl.  Man.,  999-1000;)  Graphic  Illustrations 
of  Hogarth,  1794;  and  Miscellaneous  Papers  and  Legal 


IRE 


IRV 


Instruments  under  the  hand  and  seal  of  William  Shak 
speare,  including  the  Tragedy  of  King  Lear,  and  a  small 
fragment  of  Hamlet  from  the  Original,  1796,  fol.,  £4  4«. 
This  was  the  celebrated  "  Ireland  Forgery,"  perpetrated 
by  the  publisher's  son,  Wm.  Henry  Ireland,  (q.  v.}  and 
authorities  there  cited.) 

Ireland,  Thomas.  1.  Abridgt.  of  Sir  Edward  Coke's 
XL  Parts  of  his  Reports,  16*0,  '57,  '66,  12mo.  2.  Abridgt. 
of  Sir  James  Dyer's  Reports,  1651.  3.  Verses  spoken  to 
the  King  and  Queen  at  Oxford,  1663,  4to. 

Ireland,  William  Henry,  d.  1834,  a  son  of  Samuel 
Ireland,  (ante,}  perpetrated  in  1795-96  the  remarkable 
Shakspeare  Forgeries,  which  gave  his  name  such  infamous 
notoriety.  For  an  account  of  this  deception,  which  im 
posed  for  a  time  upon  several  litterateurs  of  note,  see  Au 
thentic  Account  of  the  Shakspeare  Manuscripts,  by  W.  H. 
Ireland,  1796,  Svo;  The  Confessions  of  W.  H.  Ireland,  1805  ; 
G.  Chalmers's  Apology  for  the  Believers  of  the  Shaksp. 
Papers,  1797,  Svo;  Malone's  Inquiry  into  the  Authenticity, 
Ac.;  Chalmers's  Supp.  Apology,  1799,  Svo;  Append.,  1800, 
Svo;  Miscellaneous  Papers  and  Legal  Instruments,  Ac., 
pub.  by  Samuel  Ireland,  1796,  fol. ;  Wilson's  Shaksperiana, 
pp.  21-32 ;  Lon.  Month.  Rev.,  N.  S.,  vols.  xii.,  xx.,  xxii., 
xxvii.,  xxxv.;  Lon.  Gent.  Mag.,  1796-97;  N.  York  Eclec. 
Mag.,  xvi.  476;  Phila.  Bizarre,  1853,  vol.  ii.  21-23,  33-35. 
The  plays  of  Vortigern  and  Henry  the  Second,  two  of  the 
Shakspeare  Forgeries,  were  printed  in  1799,  8vo,  and  Ire 
land  repub.  Vortigern,  with  an  original  preface  and  a  fac 
simile  of  the  forgery,  in  1832,  8vo.  The  fol.  vol.  pub.  by 
S.  Ireland,  1796,  containing  the  Miscellaneous  Papers, 
Ac.,  is  very  rare,  as  but  138  copies  were  preserved.  See 
Wilson's  Shaksperiana,  p.  22.  We  happen  to  possess  Ire 
land's  own  MS.  of  one  of  his  forgeries, — Henry  the  Second : 
the  rascal  seemed  to  feel  but  little  penitence  for  his  fraud; 
for  at  the  conclusion  he  indulges  in  the  self-gratulatory 
exclamation,  "Huzza!  Huzza!  Huzza!"  In  addition  to 
the  Shakspeare  forgeries,  Ireland  wrote  a  number  of  no 
vels,  plays,  poems,  Ac.,  1799-1814,  a  list  of  which  will  be 
found  in  Watt's  Bibl.  Brit. 

Samuel  was  really  his  first  name. 

Iremonger,  Rev.  Frederic,  pub.  a  serm.,  1816,  and 
some  educational  works.  A  new  ed.  of  his  Questions  for 
the  Element.  Books  in  the  National  Schools  was  pub.,  Lon., 
1840,  12mo. 

Ireton,  John.  Microcosmus :  Anatomy  of  the  Bodies 
of  Man  and  Woman,  Lon.,  1670,  fol. ;  from  the  original  of 
Spaher. 

Irish,  David.  1.  Leyamen  Infirmi,  Lon.,  1700,  8vo. 
2.  Animadversio  Astrologica,  1701,  8vo. 

Irons,  Joseph,  minister  of  Grove  Church,  Camber- 
well.  1.  Jazer:  Assistance  to  the  Weak  in  Faith;  16th 
ed.,  Lon.,  1832, 18mo.  2.  Grove  Chapel  Pulpit,  vols.  i.-iv., 
1851-52,  Ac.  ©ther  works. 

Irons,  William  Jonah,  b.  at  Hoddesden,  Herts, 
1812,  Vicar  of  Brompton,  1842,  has  pub.  a  number  of 
serms.  and  theolog.  treatises,  1836-52.  See  Darling's 
Cyc.  Bibl.,  i.  613-615. 

Ironside,  Lt.-Col.     Sun-Plant;  Phil.  Trans.,  1774. 

Ironside,  Edward,  of  Twickenham,  d.  1803.  Hist, 
and  Antiq.  of  Twickenham,  Lon.,  1797,  4to.  This  work 
forms  No.  6  of  Miscellaneous  Antiquities,  in  continuation 
of  the  Bibliotheca  Topographia  Britannica. 

Ironsi  de,  F.  Gilbert.     The  Sabbath,  Oxf.,  1637, 4to. 

Irvine,  Alexander.  De  Jure  Regni  Diascepsis  ad 
Regem  Carolum,  Lugd.  Bat.,  1627,  12mo. 

Irvine,  Rev.  Alexander.  Cause  and  Effects  of 
Emigration  from  the  Highlands,  Ac.,  1802,  8vo.  Noticed 
by  Rev.  Sydney  Smith,  in  Edin.  Rev.,  i.  61-63. 

Irvine,  Alexander.  London  Flora,  Lon.,  1838, 
12mo ;  1846,  12mo. 

Irvine,  Alexander  Forbes.  Prac.  Treat,  on  the 
Game  Laws  of  Scotland,  Edin.,  1850,  8vo. 

"The  latest,  fullest,  and  most  complete  collection  of  the  Forest 
Laws,  and  the  rules  of  game  in  bird  and  beast."— Perth  Courier. 

Irvine,  Andrew.     Serms.,  1830,  8vo. 

"  Good  specimens  of  sound  reasoning,  pure  theology,  and  prac 
tical  application." — Lon.  Chris.  Rememb. 

Irvine,  Christopher.  1.  Bellum  Grammatical, 
Edin.,  1650,  '58,  8vo,  1698.  2.  Medicina  Magnetica;  or, 
the  Art  of  Curing  by  Sympathy,  Lon.,  1656,  8vo.  3.  In 
dex  Locoruin  Scotorum,  Edin.,  1664,  8vo. 

"  An  useful  piece,  and  well  deserves  a  new  impression  " — Bv 
Jficolscm's  Scot.  Hist.  Lib. 

3.  Histori  Scoticae,  Nomenclatura  Latino-Vernacula, 
1682,  '92,  8vo ;  1819, 12mo.  See  an  account  of  this  writer 
in  Chambers  and  Thomson's  Biog.  Diet,  of  Eminent  Scots 
men,  1855. 

Irvine,  Ralph.    See  IRVING. 
m 


Irvine,  Wm.,  M.D.  1.  Essays  on  Chemical  Subjects, 
edited  by  his  son,  Wm.  Irvine,  M.D.,  Lon.,  1805,  8vo.  2. 
Theories  of  Heat;  Nic.  Jour.,  1803.  And  see  1805. 

Irvine,  Wm.,  M.D.,  son  of  the  preceding.  1.  On 
Diseases,  1802,  8vo.  2.  Letters  on  Sicily,  1813,  r.  8vo. 
3.  Latent  Heat ;  Nic.  Jour.,  1804. 

Irvine,  Patrick.  1.  Considerations  on  the  Inexpe 
diency  of  the  Law  of  Entail  in  Scotland;  2d  ed..  Edin., 
1826,  8vo. 

"  A  very  short  and  a  very  sensible  book  on  a  subject  of  the 
utmost  importance  to  Scotland." — Edin.  Rev.,  No.  36. 

"  An  ably-written  and  philosophical  tract  in  opposition  to  the 
practice  of  entail."— McCulloch's  Lit.  of  Polit.  Econ. 

2.  Considerations  on  the  Inexpediency  of  the  Law  of 
Marriage  in  Scotland,  1828,  8vo. 

"  Much  valuable  matter,  collected  from  many  authentic  sources." 
— Law  C/ironicle. 

Irving,  A.  The  Theory  and  Practice  of  Caste,  Lon.. 
1853,  p.  8vo. 

Irving,  B.  A.  Egypt  and  the  Bible,  Camb.,  1853,  p.  8vo. 

Irving,  C.     Educational  works,  Lon.,  1841,  Ac. 

Irving,  David,  LL.D.,  a  distinguished  biographical 
and  legal  writer.  1.  Lives  of  Scottish  Authors,  viz. :  Fer- 
gusson,  Falconer,  and  Russell,  Edin.,  1801,  12mo.  2.  Ele 
ments  of  English  Composition,  Lon.,  1801,  12mo ;  llth 
ed.,  1841,  12mo.  3.  Lives  of  the  Scottish  Poets,  Edin., 
1804,  2  vols.  8vo ;  2d  ed.,  improved,  Lon.,  1810,  2  vols.  8vo. 

"  Great  research  and  critical  ingenuity." — PARK. 

4.  Memoirs  of  the  Life  and  Writings  of  George  Bu 
chanan,  Edin.,  1807,  8vo;  2d  ed.,  corrected  and  enlarged, 
with  an  Appendix,  1817,  Svo.  5.  Memorial  of  Anne  Mar 
garet  Anderson,  1815,  Svo.  Privately  printed.  6.  Obser 
vations  on  the  Study  of  the  Civil  Law,  1815,  Svo;  4th  ed., 
1837,  Svo. 

"  Gives  complete  and  interesting  details,  within  a  moderate  com 
pass,  (pp.  282,  8vo,)  of  the  existing  state  of  the  study  and  practice 
of  the  Civil  Law,  both  at  home  and  abroad,  and  of  all  the  great 
continental  writers  upon  the  subject."—  Warren's  Law  Studies,  ed. 
1845,  864. 

See  also  2  Hoff.  Leg.  Stu.,  557;  1  Jurist,  661 ;  14  Leg. 
Obs.,  334;  2  Law  Mag.,  481.  To  Dr.  Irving  we  are  also 
indebted  for  the  article  on  Civil  Law,  in  the  7th  ed.  Encyc. 
Brit.,  vol.  vi.,  708-719.  7.  Alex.  Montgomery's  Works  in 
the  Scottish  Dialect,  with  Life  and  Illustrative  Notes,  1821, 
Svo.  250  copies  printed.  8.  A  Catalogue  of  the  Law  Books 
in  the  Advocates'  Library,  1831,  Svo.  9.  Lives  of  the 
Scottish  Writers,  Lon.,  1839,  2  vols.  p.  Svo;  1850,  2  vols. 
in  1,  p.  Svo.  10.  The  Table-Talk  of  John  Selden,  with 
Notes,  1854,  cr.  Svo. 

"  Enriched  by  annotations  of  no  inconsiderable  value,  evincing 
extensive  and  well-directed  research." — Westm.  Rev. 

Irving,  Edward,  1792-1834,  a  native  of  Annan, 
Dumfriesshire,  Scotland,  was  educated  at  the  University 
of  Edinburgh ;  Assistant  minister  to  Dr.  Chalmers,  of 
St.  John's  Church,  Glasgow,  1819-22 ;  minister  of  the 
Scotch  Church,  Cross  Street,  Hatton  Garden,  London, 
1822;  removed  to  the  large  church  built  for  bis  congrega 
tion  in  Regent's  Square,  1829;  accused  of  heresy  by  the 
Presbytery  of  London,  1830 ;  ejected  from  his  church,  May 
3,  1832.  After  his  ejectment,  his  friends  purchased  for 
him  the  picture-gallery  of  Benjamin  West,  in  Newman 
Street,  and  there  Mr.  Irving  attracted  large  crowds  by  his 
remarkable  exhibitions  of  the  "  gift  of  unknown  tongues," 
produced  directly,  as  he  believed,  by  divine  inspiration. 
He  died  of  consumption  at  Glasgow,  December  6,  1834, 
in  the  42d  year  of  his  age.  He  was  undoubtedly  a  sincere 
and  excellent  man  ;  but  his  judgment  and  prudence  were 
not  equal  to  his  piety  and  devotion,  even  before  the  unmis 
takable  evidences  of  insanity  which  eventually  clouded 
his  fine  intellect.  He  pub. — For  the  Oracles  of  God,  Four 
Orations;  For  Judgment  to  Come,  an  Argument  in  Nine 
Parts,  3d  ed.,  Lon.,  1824,  Svo;  Babylon  and  Infidelity 
foredoomed  of  God,  1826,  2  vols.  12mo,  reprinted  in  1  vol. 
Svo;  Serms.,  Lects.,  and  Occasional  Discourses,  Lon.,  1828, 
3  vols.  Svo;  Homilies  on  the  Sacraments,  vol.  i.,  1828,  sm. 
Svo ;  The  Last  Days,  1828,  Svo,  2d  ed.,  with  Life  by  H. 
Bonar,  1850,  p.  8vo ;  Expositions  of  the  Book  of  Revela 
tion,  1831,  4  vols.  12mo ;  and  a  number  of  single  serms., 
theolog.  treatises,  Ac.  One  of  his  best  productions  is  his 
Introduction  to  Bishop  Home's  Comment,  on  the  Psalms, 
already  noticed  by  us  in  the  life  of  that  excellent  prelate. 
Mr.  Irving's  disciples  are  by  no  means  extinct,  in  proof  of 
which  a  project  is  now  (1856)  on  foot  to  build  Irvingite 
chapels  in  all  the  large  towns  of  the  United  Kingdom;  and 
it  is  reported  that  one  gentleman  in  London  has  recently 
subscribed  no  less  than  £100,000  towards  this  scheme. 
For  further  information  regarding  this  once-famous  divine, 
see  Biog.  Sketch  of  Edward  Irving,  (by  W.  Jones,)  2  vols. 
Svo ;  Edward  Irving,  an  Ecclesiastical  and  Literary  Bio- 


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grapby,  (by  Washington  Wilks,)  1855,  12mo;  Chambers 
and  Thomson's  Biog.  Diet,  of  Eminent  Scotsmen,  1855, 
vol.  v.j  Jamieson's  Cyc.  of  Religious  Biog.,  1853;  The 
Trial  of  the  Rev.  Edward  Irving,  with  5  portraits  by 
Cruikshank,  (a  jeu-d' esprit y)  Gilfillan's  First  and  Third 
Galleries  of  Literary  Portraits;  Hazlitt's  Spirit  of  the 
Age;  De  Quincey's  Lit.  Reminis. ;  Works  of  Charles 
Lamb;  Lockhart's  Life  of  Scott;  Metropolitan  Pulpit; 
Death  of  the  Rev.  Edward  Irving,  (by  Thos.  Carlyle,)  in 
Fraser's  Mag.,  xi.  99  ;  Lowndes's  Brit.  Lib.,  294,  961,  974; 
J.  W.  Lester's  Criticisms ;  Maginn's  O'Doherty  Papers  ; 
Lon.  Gent.  Mag.,  1832,  Pt.  2,  154;  1835,  Pt.  1,  664; 
Westm.  Rev.,  i.  27;  Blackw.  Mag.,  xiv.  145,  192,  346; 
xv.  194,  230,  601;  xxiv.  897;  Fraser's  Mag.,  iii.  423;  N. 
York  Method.  Quar.  Rev.,  ix.  109 ;  N.  York  Eclec.  Mag., 
xiv.  503;  N.  York  Democratic  Rev.,  xiv.  496;  Bost.  Chris. 
Exam.,  ii.  468,  (by  A.  Lamson ;)  Bost.  Liv.  Age,  xxix.  211, 
(by  F.  Saunders;)  N.  Haven  Chris.  Month.  Spec.,  vi.  150, 
199;  x.  318;  Niles's  Reg.,  xliv.  228;  Phila.  Mus.  of  For. 
Lit,  iii.  364. 

"  He  was  unquestionably,  by  many  degrees,  the  greatest  orator 
of  our  times.  Of  him  indeed,  more  than  of  any  man  whom  I  have 
seen  throughout  my  whole  experience,  it  might  be  said,  with  truth 
and  emphasis,  that  he  was  a  Boanerges,  a  son  of  thunder." — DE 
QUINCEY  :  uM  supra. 

"  What  the  Scottish  uncelebrated  Irving  was,  they  that  have 
only  seen  the  London  celebrated  (and  distorted)  one  can  never 
know.  Bodily  and  spiritually,  perhaps  there  was  not  (in  that 
November,  1822)  a  man  more  full  of  genial  energetic  life  in  all 
these  Islands." — CARLYLE  :  ubi  supra. 

"  Mr.  Irving  has  shrunk  from  no  opinion,  however  parodoxical. 
He  has  scrupled  to  avow  no  sentiment,  however  obnoxious.  He 
has  revived  exploded  prejudices;  he  has  scouted  prevailing  fash 
ions.  He  has  opposed  the  spirit  of  the  age,  and  not  consulted  the 
esprit  de  corps. ...  He  has  held  a  play-book  in  one  hand  and  a 
Bible  in  the  other,  and  quoted  Shakspeare  and  Melancthon  in  the 
same  breath." — HAZLITT  :  ubi  supra. 

"  I  could  hardly  keep  my  eyes  off  him  while  we  were  at  table. 
He  put  me  in  mind  of  the  devil  disguised  as  an  angel  of  light,  so 
ill  did  that  horrible  obliquity  of  vision  harmonize  with  the  dark 
tranquil  features  of  his  face,  resembling  that  of  our  Saviour  in 
Italian  pictures,  with  the  hair  carefully  arranged  in  the  same 
manner." — SIR  WALTER  SCOTT  :  ubi  supra. 

Irving,  G.  V.  Digest  of  the  Inhabited-House  Tax 
Act,  Lon.,  1852,  8vo. 

Irving,  Helen  W.,  is  the  nom  de  plume  of  a  very 
young  lady,  a  resident  of  Lynn,  Massachusetts,  who  has 
pub.  a  number  of  poetical  pieces  in  The  Home  Journal 
and  other  periodicals.  The  stanzas  entitled  Love  and 
Fame  have  been  cited  as  especially  deserving  of  com 
mendation.  See  T.  B.  Read's  Female  Poets  of  America; 
Caroline  May's  American  Female  Poets. 

Irving,  John  Treat,  1778-1838,  Presiding  Judge  of 
the  Court  of  Common  Pleas  for  the  City  and  County  of 
New  York  from  1817  until  his  death,  and  a  brother  of 
Washington  and  Peter  Irving,  was  a  contributor  to  the 
Morning  Chronicle,  (started  in  New  York,  Oct.  1,  1802.) 
a  Democratic  journal,  conducted  by  the  last-named  of  his 
two  brothers.  He  acquired  some  distinction  by  his  poeti 
cal  attacks  upon  the  tenets  of  his  political  opponents,  and 
more  by  the  exemplary  discharge  of  the  duties  connected 
with  his  judicial  station.  See  Daly's  Hist,  of  Judic.  Trib. 
of  N.  York,  p.  65. 

Irving,  John  Treat,  a  member  of  the  New  York 
Bar,  son  of  the  preceding,  and  a  nephew  of  Washington 
Irving,  is  best  known  as  an  author  by  his  Sketches  in  an 
Expedition  to  the  Pawnee  Tribes,  Phila.,  1833,  2  vols. 
12mo,  Lon.,  1835,  2  vols.  p.  8vo ;  The  Attorney,  a  Novel; 
and  Harry  Harson,  or  The  Benevolent  Bachelor ;  a  Novel. 
The  last  two  works  were  originally  pub.  in  the  New  York 
Knickerbocker  Magazine,  under  the  signature  of  John  Quod. 
Irving,  L.  H.  Sketches  of  Gibraltar,  Edin.,  1853, 
ob.  fol. 

Irving,  Peter,  1771-1838,  a  brother  of  Washington 
Irving,  pub.  at  New  York,  in  1820,  a  novel  entitled  Gio 
vanni  Sbogarro  ;  a  Venetian  Tale,  (from  the  French,)  with 

alterations  by  Percival  G .     Mr.  Irving  was  editor  and 

proprietor  of  The  Morning  Chronicle,  a  Democratic  paper, 
started  in  New  York,  Oct.  1,  1802,  and  co-projector  with 
his  brother  Washington  of  the  humorous  sketches  which 
the  latter  expanded  into  the  celebrated  History  of  New 
York,  by  Diedrich  Knickerbocker.  Dr.  Irving — so  called 
from  some  attention  paid  to  the  study  of  medicine  in  early 
life — resided  in  Europe  from  1809  to  '36,  and  died  in  about 
two  years  after  his  return  to  New  York. 

Irving,  or  Irvine,  Ralph.  1.  Peruvian  Bark,  Edin., 
1785,  8vo.  2.  Dispensatory,  1786,  8vo. 

Irving,  Maxwell  John.  See  MAXWELL,  JOHN 
IRVING. 

Irving,  Theodore,  LL.D.,  b.  1809,  in  the  city  of  New 
York,  a  son  of  Ebenezer  Irving,  resided  for  some  years 


abroad  with  his  uncle,  Washington  Irving;  was  from  1836 
to  '49  Professor  of  History  and  Belles-Lettres  at  Geneva 
College,  and  subsequently  filled  for  three  years  the  chair 
of  Belles-Lettres  in  the  Free  Academy  of  New  York.  In 
December,  1854,  he  took  holy  orders  in  the  Protestant 
Episcopal  Church.  In  addition  to  many  fugitive  essays 
contributed  to  the  periodicals  of  the  day,  Mr.  Irving  is  the 
author  of  two  valuable  works,  viz. :  1.  The  Conquest  of 
Florida,  by  Hernando  de  Soto,  Phila.,  1835,  2  vols.  12mo; 
Lon.,  1835,  2  vols.  p.  8vo.  Revised  ed.,  uniform  with  the 
collective  ed.  of  Washington  Irving's  Works,  N.  York, 
12mo.  Also  pub.  in  vol.  x.  of  H.  G.  Bohn's  collective  ed. 
of  Washington  Irving's  Works,  Lon.,  1851,  10  vols.  8vo. 

"  The  book  before  us  is  a  delightful  one In  their  style,  too, 

these  volumes  are  related  to  the  pure  and  graceful  writing  of  the 


author  of  the  Life  of  Columbus.  .  .  .  The  history  before  us  is  hardly 
a  thing  to  read  or  criticize  without  a  spark  of  the  old  ballad  spirit 
being  lighted  within  us,  and  we  had  better  close  our  notice,  lest 


we  be  tempted  to  try  the  indiscretion  of  a  rhyme." — Lon. 
1835,  609-611. 

2.  The  Fountain  of  Living  Waters ;  illustrated  by  Facts, 
N.  York,  1854,  18mo;  4th  ed.,  1855,  18mo. 

"  The  whole  object  of  the  book  is  to  lead  erring  and  wandering 
souls  to  Christ.  Believing  that  it  is  well  calculated  to  accomplish 
this  end,  we  would  commend  it  as  a  book  to  be  put  into  the  hands 
of  young  persons  whose  minds  are  turned  more  or  less  to  religious 
themes,  and  particularly  such  as  need  kind  and  gentle  persuasives 
to  piety."— Prot.  Epis.  Rev.  and  Church  Reg.,  N.  York,  April,  1855, 
313. 

"  Living  Waters  is  a  sweet  and  tender  appeal  in  behalf  of 
spiritual  religion,  addressed  especially  to  the  young." — Method. 
Quar.  Rev. 

Irving,  Thomas.     Con.  to  Med.  Com.,  1790. 

Irving,  Washington,  one  of  the  most  distinguished 
of  modern  authors,  was  born  April  3,  1783,  in  the  city  of 
New  York,  in  a  house  in  William  Street,  between  John  and 
Fulton  Streets,  and  not  far  from  that  venerable  pile  the  Old 
Dutch  Church.  This  mansion — so  long  an  object  of  in 
terest  to  citizen  and  sojourner — had  until  within  the  last 
few  years  resisted  the  progress  of  "improvement,"  which 
was  gradually  changing  the  face  of  the  neighbourhood; 
but  it  too  at  last  yielded  to  its  fate,  and  in  1846  its  site 
was  occupied  by  one  of  the  stately  "Washington  Stores." 
The  father  of  Washington  Irving  was  a  native  of  Scot 
land,  his  mother  an  Englishwoman,  and  perhaps  it  is  not 
entirely  a  matter  of  imagination  to  fancy  that  the  national 
characteristics  of  both  parents  are  to  be  discovered  in 
several  of  the  productions  of  the  author  of  The  Sketch- 
Book  and  Bracebridge  Hall. 

The  earliest  of  Mr.  Irving's  contributions  to  the  Re 
public  of  Letters — a  number  of  letters  on  the  drama,  the 
social  customs  of  New  York,  <fcc. — were  pub.,  in  1802, 
(under  the  nom  de  plume  of  Jonathan  Oldstyle,)  in  The 
Morning  Chronicle,  a  Democratic  journal,  edited  by  the 
author's  brother,  Dr.  Peter  Irving.  These  epistles  appeared 
in  pamphlet  form,  without  the  author's  consent,  in  the  year 
1824.  After  some  attention  to  the  study  of  Coke  and 
Blackstone,  the  state  of  Mr.  Irving's  health  caused  him 
in  1804  to  seek  for  that  physical  benefit  which  a  change 
of  scene  and  climate  might  naturally  be  expected  to 
afford.  After  an  absence  of  two  years  in  Italy,  Switzer 
land,  France,  and  England,  «fcc.,  he  returned  home  in 
1806,  resumed  his  legal  studies,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar. 
In  January,  1807,  appeared,  to  the  great  delight  of  the  wits  of 
the  good  city  of  Gotham, — always  willing  to  enjoy  a  laugh, — 
No.  1  of  a  semi-monthly  magazine,  the  joint  production  of 
Washington  Irving,  James  K.Paulding,  andWilliam  Irving ; 
the  latter  contributing  the  poetry,  and  hints  and  sketches  for 
some  of  the  essays.  This  was  the  since-famous  Salmagundi,  or 
The  Whim-Whams  and  Opinions  of  Launcelot  Langstaff  and 
Others.  The  amusing  character  of  this  periodical  rendered 
it  exceedingly  agreeable  to  the  town,  and  its  popularity  pro 
mised  a  long  and  profitable  life;  but  for  some  reason  or 
other  it  was  discontinued  after  the  issue  of  the  twentieth 
number.  In  1809  was  pub.  the  famous  History  of  New 
York,  by  Diedrich  Knickerbocker.  The  first  part  of  this 
work  was  sketched  in  company  with  Dr.  Peter  Irving,  who, 
on  his  departure  for  Europe,  confided  the  whole  to  Wash 
ington,  by  whose  humorous  genius  it  was  expanded  to  its 
present  shape.  Though  this  was  one  of  the  first-fruits  of 
his  inventive  talent,  it  is  risking  but  little  to  affirm  that  in 
its  peculiar  qualities  it  has  not  been  surpassed  by  any  later 
efforts — successful  as  they  have  been — of  its  accomplished 
author.  In  1810,  Washington  Irving— who  had  never 
found  sufficient  attraction  in  his  legal  studies  to  induce 
him  to  practise  the  profession— was  admitted  as  a  partner, 
with  two  of  his  brothers,  in  the  extensive  commercial 
establishment  which  they  conducted  at  New  York  and 
Liverpool.  The  failure  of  this  house  in  1817,  consequent 
upon  the  pecuniary  difficulties  which  followed  the  treaty 


IRV 


IRV 


of  peace  between  England  and  the  United  States,  occurred 
when  Washington  was  in  Europe,  and  this  reverse  of  for 
tune  induced  the  already  popular  author  to  determine  to 
follow  literature  as  a  profession.  He  had  of  late  employed 
his  pen  but  seldom :  a  series  of  naval  biographies  contri 
buted  to  Moses  Thomas's  (of  Philadelphia)  Analectic 
Magazine,  (of  which  Irving  was  in  1^13-14  the  editor,) 
and  a  biographical  sketch  of  Thomas  Campbell,  prefixed 
to  a  Philadelphia  edit,  of  the  works  of  the  latter,  are  all 
of  Irving's  productions  with  which  the  world  seems  to 
have  been  favoured,  from  the  date  of  the  publication  of  The 
Knickerbocker,  in  1809  to  the  time  of  the  appearance  of 
The  Sketch-Book,  in  1819.  The  numbers  of  the  last-named 
work  (composed  in  London)  were  transmitted  to  New  York 
for  publication,  were  read  with  avidity  on  both  sides  of  the 
water,  and  several  of  the  series  were  soon  copied  by  Jer- 
dan  in  the  London  Literary  Gazette,  and  by  the  editors 
of  other  periodicals. 

"  We  are  greatly  at  a  loss  [remarks  the  formidable  Blackwood 
in  the  number  for  February,  1820]  to  comprehend  for  what  reason 
Mr.  Irving  has  thought  fit  to  publish  his  Sketch-Book  in  America 
earlier  than  in  Britain ;  but  at  all  events  he  is  doing  himself  great 
injustice  by  not  having  an  edition  printed  here  of  every  number, 
after  it  has  appeared  in  New  York.  Nothing  has  been  written  for 
a  long  time,  for  which  it  would  be  more  safe  to  promise  great  and 
eager  acceptance."— Vol.  vi.  557,  (by  J.  G.  Lockhart.) 

This  is  the  article  referred  to  by  Sir  Walter  Scott  in  the 
letter  quoted  by  Irving  in  the  Preface  to  his  revised  edit, 
ef  The  Sketch-Book. 

This  was  encouragement  indeed, — encouragement  such 
as  many  a  British  aspirant  for  literary  fame  would  have 
given  the  copy-right  of  his  best  work  to  have  secured.  In 
the  same  month  in  which  the  above  eulogy  appeared, 
Irving  pub.  in  London,  under  the  nom  deplume  of  Geoffrey 
Crayon,  Gentn,  the  first  vol.  of  The  Sketch-Book.  It  was 
printed  by  John  Miller,  but  at  the  author's  expense  ;  Mur 
ray,  the  Great  Mogul  of  the  book-trade,  having  declined 
the  enterprise.  The  failure  of  Miller  within  a  few  weeks 
after  the  publication  threw  Irving  again  on  the  town  for 
a  publisher,  and,  through  the  friendly  offices  of  Sir  Walter 
Scott,  Murray  was  induced  to  act  in  the  premises.  He 
gave  the  author  £200,  which  he  soon  felt  justified  by  the 
sale  of  the  work  in  increasing  to  £400.  The  Sketch-Book 
was  originally  pub.  in  February,  1820,  in  1  vol.,  but  in 
July  of  the  same  year  it  appeared  in  2  vols., — a  2d  edit, 
of  the  1st,  together  with  a  new  vol.  The  author  had  now 
attained  an  extended  literary  reputation,  both  at  home 
and  abroad ;  and  so  far  was  he  from  having  any  difficulty 
in  procuring  a  publisher,  that  when  Bracebridge  Hall,  or 
the  Humourists,  was  ready  for  the  press  in  1822,  Mr.  Mur 
ray  was  ready  to  offer  1000  guineas  for  the  copy-right 
without  having  seen  the  MS.  He  obtained  the  coveted 
prize  at  his  offer,  and  subsequently  gave  the  same 
author  nearly  twice  as  much  (£2000)  for  the  Chronicle  of 
the  Conquest  of  Granada,  and  quite  three  times  as  much 
(3000  guineas)  for  the  History  of  the  Life  and  Voyages  of 
Christopher  Columbus.  But  we  anticipate.  The  dates  of 
the  publications  of  Irving's  succeeding  works,  given  to  the 
world  between  the  appearance  of  The  Sketch-Book  in 
London,  in  1820,  and  his  return  to  the  United  States  in 
May,  1&32,  were  as  follows  : 

Bracebridge  Hall,  or  the  Humourists;  a  Medley,  by 
Geoffrey  Crayon,  Gent",  Lon.,  1S22,  2  vois.  8vo;  N.  York, 
1822,  2  vols.  8vo. 

Tales  of  a  Traveller,  by  Geoffrey  Crayon,  Gentn,  Lon., 
1824,  2  vols.  8vo;  N.  York,  1824,  4  Pts.  Sold  to  Murray 
(without  his  having  seen  the  MS,)  for  1500  guineas. 

The  Life  and  Voyages  of  Christopher  Columbus,  182S, 
4  vols.  8vo ;  N.  York,  1828,  3  vols.  8vo. 

Chronicle  of  the  Conquest  of  Granada,  Lon.,  1829,  2 
vols.  p.  8vo  j  Phila.,  1829,  2  vols.  12mo. 

Voyages  of  the  Companions  of  Columbus,  1  vol.,  Lon,, 
Paris,  and  Phila.,  1831. 

The  Alhambra,  Lon,,  1832,  2  vols.  8vo;  Phila.,  1832, 
2  vols.  12mo. 

In  May,  1832,  as  above  stated,  Mr.  Irving  returned 
home,  after  an  absence  of  seventeen  years.  During  this 
long  period  he  had  been  an  extensive  traveller.  We  left 
him  at  London,  superintending  the  publication  of  The 
Sketch-Book,  in  1820.  A  portion  of  this  year  and  of  the 
following  was  spent  in  the  city  of  Paris:"  the  winter  of 
1822  was  passed  at  Dresden,  and  that  of  1825  in  the  South 
«f  France.  In  the  winter  of  1825-26,  at  the  earnest 
request  of  Mr.  Alexander  H.  Everett,  American  minister 
to  Spain, — to  whom  the  idea  was  first  suggested  by  0. 
Rich,  Esq.,  American  Consul  at  Madrid,— Mr.  Irving 
visited  Madrid  for  the  purpose  of  translating  into  English 
the  valuable  compilation  of  Navarette,  Coleccion  de  los 


Viages  y  Descubrimientos,  Ac.  pub.  at  Madrid  in  1825,  (after 
Mr.  Irving's  arrival,)  in  2  vols.  4  to.  Mr.  Rich,  indeed, 
had  from  the  first  set  his  heart — not  upon  a  mere  transla 
tion  of  this  collection,  but — upon  a  Life  of  Columbus  from 
the  pen  of  Washington  Irving.  This  darling  desire  he 
was  so  happy  as  to  see  realized,  and  to  him,  therefore,  is 
the  world  indebted  for  the  publication  of  this  work.  Mr. 
Irving  was  the  guest  of  this  eminent  bibliographer, 
whose  name  has  long  been  honoured  by  students  in  both 
hemispheres  ;  and,  says  he, 

"In  his  extensive  and  curious  library  I  found  one  of  the  best 
collections  extant  of  Spanish  colonial  history,  containing  many 
documents  for  which  I  might  elsewhere  search  in  vain.  This  he 
put  at  my  absolute  command,  with  a  frankness  and  unreserve 
seldom  to  be  met  with  among  the  possessors  of  such  rare  and 
valuable  works;  and  his  library  has  been  my  main  resource 
throughout  the  whole  of  my  labours." 

We^hall  have  more  to  quote  to  Mr.  Rich's  credit  when 
we  reach  his  patronymic  in  the  future  pages  of  our  Dic 
tionary.  In  this  year  (1826)  and  the  following,  as  also 
in  the  spring  of  1829,  Mr.  Irving  made  profitable  journeys 
in  the  South  of  Spain,  the  results  of  which  were  given  to 
the  world  in  1829,  in  The  Chronicle  of  the  Conquest  of 
Granada ;  in  1832,  in  the  picturesque  pages  of  The  Alham 
bra;  in  1835,  in  The  Legends  of  the  Conquest  of  Spain; 
and  in  1849-50,  in  Mahomet  and  his  Successors. 

Mr.  Irving  left  Spain  in  July,  1829,  and  returned  to 
London  to  discharge  the  duties  connected  with  the  Secre 
taryship  of  Legation  to  the  American  Embassy,  which 
had  been  conferred  upon  him  during  his  absence.  In  1830 
Mr.  Henry  Hallam  and  himself  were  honoured  by  the  gift 
of  the  two  fifty-guinea  gold  medals  ordered  by  George  IV. 
to  be  presented  to  the  two  authors  who  should  be  adjudged 
to  have  attained  the  greatest  excellence  in  historical  com 
position.  This  high  compliment  to  Mr.  Irving  was  a  well- 
deserved  tribute  to  the  merits  of  his  History  of  the  Life 
and  Voyages  of  Christopher  Columbus.  In  the  next  year 
the  degree  of  LL.D.  was  conferred  upon  Mr.  Irving  by  tho 
University  of  Oxford, — a  testimonial  which  that  august 
body  is  not  in  the  habit  of  bestowing  upon  slight  founda 
tions.  After  an  absence  protracted  through  seventeen 
years,  Mr.  Irving  at  length  sailed  for  home,  and  arrived 
in  New  York  on  the  21st  day  of  May,  1832.  To  one  who 
had  conferred  such  imperishable  renown  upon  the  Ame 
rican  name — even  had  there  been  nothing  in  the  man  to 
elicit  that  enthusiastic  affection  with  which  Washington 
Irving  is  regarded  by  his  countrymen — no  common  honours 
were  accorded.  A  public  dinner  was  immediately  tendered 
to  him  in  New  York,  and  the  friends  of  early  days,  to 
gether  with  those  who  had  grown  into  civic  eminence  and 
social  consideration  during  his  absence,  united  in  paying 
homage  to  him  who  had  conferred  honour  upon  all.  The 
citizens  of  other  States  also  claimed  their  right  to  enter 
tain  their  illustrious  countryman,  and  nothing  but  that 
modesty  which  has  always  been  a  distinguishing  trait  of 
his  character  prevented  a  series  of  ovations  and  a  tri 
umphal  march  through  the  American  Republic  from  Bos 
ton  to  St.  Louis  and  Philadelphia  to  New  Orleans. 

"We  cannot  refuse  ourselves  the  pleasure,"  remarks  one  of  the 
most  eminent  of  his  countrymen,  "of  bearing  our  humble  part 
in  the  cordial  welcome  with  which  the  unanimous  voice  of  the 
country  is  now  greeting  the  distinguished  pilgrim  on  his  return 
from  abroad The  open  and  hearty  welcome  which  his  fellow- 
citizens  have  given  him  shows  that  he  is  best  appreciated  where 
he  is  best  known.  His  reception  at  New  York  was  the  fairest 
triumph  that  has  yet  been  accorded  to  literary  desert  in  the  New 
World." — EDWARD  EVERETT  :  Review  of  The  Alhambra,  in  JV.  Amer. 
Rev.,  xxxv.  265-282. 

Shortly  after  his  return  to  the  United  States,  Mr.  Irving 
visited  some  of  the  most  interesting  portions  of  the  Great 
West,  and  gratified  the  world  with  the  fruits  of  his  re 
searches  among  the  Indians,  in  the  Tour  on  the  Prairies, 
pub.  in  the  Crayon  Miscellany  in  1835.  Those  more  fond 
of  studying  the  phenomena  of  life  under  another  phase, 
found  in  the  Recollections  of  Abbotsford  and  Newstead 
Abbey,  and  The  Legends  of  the  Conquest  of  Spain, — com 
prising  the  second  and  third  vols.  of  the  Crayon  Miscel 
lany, — sufficient  to  charm  the  imagination  and  delight  the 
taste.  To  this  collection  succeeded  Astoria;  or,  Anecdotes 
of  an  Enterprise  beyond  the  Rocky  Mountains,  pub.  in 
1836,  (in  which  the  author  was  assisted  by  his  nephew, 
Pierre  M.  Irving;)  and  the  Adventures  of  Captain  Bonne- 
ville,  U.S.A.,  in  the  Rocky  Mountains  and  the  Far  West, 
(based  upon  the  MSS.  of  Capt.  B.  and  other  materials,) 
which  was  given  to  the  world  in  1837.  In  the  years  1839 
and  '40,  Mr.  Irving  contributed  a  number  of  papers  to  The 
Knickerbocker  Magazine,  a  portion  of  which,  with  other 
fugitive  articles,  were  collected  in  1855,  and  pub.  in  a  vol. 
under  the  title  of  Wolfert's  Roost.  From  1842  to  '46  Mr. 
Irving  resided  at  Madrid  as  United  States  Minister  to 


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Spain,  and,  returning  home  in  the  latter  year,  sought  a 
quiet  retreat  for  his  remaining  year^  in  Wolfert's  Roost, — 
an  earthly  paradise  which  we  shall  not  attempt  to  describe 
after  the  portraiture  which  the  owner  himself  has  given 
to  the  world.  The  "  Stronghold  of  old  Baltus  Van  Tassel 
on  the  Banks  of  the  Hudson,"  so  graphically  sketched  in 
the  Legend  of  Sleepy  Hollow,  has  now  acquired  a  double 
share  of  renown  and  undying  honours  by  the  occupancy 
of  its  eloquent  topographer.  A  well-drawn  picture  of 
Wolfert's  Roost  and  its  present  lord  (by  Henry  T.  Tucker- 
man)  will  be  found  in  The  Homes  of  American  Authors,  N. 
York,  1853.  Here,  in  his  bachelor-home, — for  Geoffrey 
Crayon  has  been  content  to  eulogize  the  blessings  of  matri 
mony  whilst  denying  himself  their  indulgence, — in  the 
company  of  his  surviving  brother  and  affectionate  nieces, 
who  are  to  him  as  daughters,  the  author  of  the  Sketch- 
Book  passes  his  tranquil  days  in  calm  anticipation  of  that 
change  which,  we  trust,  for  the  sake  of  his  many  friends,  is 
yet  at  a  long  distance. 

His  publications  since  his  retirement  have  been  the 
Biography  and  Poetical  Remains  of  the  late  Margaret 
Miller  Davidson,  1841;  Oliver  Goldsmith,  a  Biography, 
1849,  (enlarged  from  a  sketch  prefixed  to  the  Works  of 
the  latter  pub.  in  Paris,  Galignani,  1825,  4  vols.,  Baudry, 
1837,  4  vols.  8vo;)  Mahomet  and  his  Successors,  2  vols., 
1849-50  j  The  Life  of  George  Washington,  vol.  i.,  1855, 
ii.  and  iiL,  1856.  This  work  will  probably  comprise  two 
or  three  more  volumes.  Mr.  Irving  has  also  within  the 
last  few  years  superintended  the  publication  of  a  revised 
edit,  of  his  works, — urged  thereto  by  the  persuasions  of 
the  eminent  publisher,  Mr.  George  P.  Putnam,  of  New 
York.  The  new  edit,  was  issued  by  Mr.  Putnam  in  15 
vols.,  1848-50,  and  the  sale  so  far  (i.e.  to  Jan.  1857)  has 
been  250,000  vols.,  which,  added  to  about  as  many  disposed 
of  the  old  edits.,  gives  an  aggregate  sale  in  America  alone 
of  half  a  million  vols.  of  the  works  of  this  popular  author. 
This  enumeration  does  not  include  the  98,000  vols.  already 
printed  of  the  unfinished  life  of  Washington,  nor  the  num 
ber  of  copies  sold  of  Wolfert's  Roost,  which  must  be  very 
large. 

The  Works  of  Washington  Irving,  in  the  new  revised  and 
uniform  edit,  just  referred  to,  are  thus  arranged:  Vol.  I. 
Knickerbocker's  History  of  New  York.  II.  The  Sketch- 
Book.  III.,  IV.,  V.  Columbus  and  his  Companions.  VI. 
Bracebridge  Hall.  VII.  Tales  of  a  Traveller.  VIII.  As 
toria.  IX.  The  Crayon  Miscellany.  X.  Capt.  Bonneville's 
Adventures.  XI.  Oliver  Goldsmith;  a  Biography.  XII., 
XIII.  Mahomet  and  his  Successors.  XIV.  The  Conquest 
of  Granada.  XV.  The  Alhambra.  To  these  must  be 
added  Wolfert's  Roost  and  The  Life  of  Washington,  (also 
pub.  by  Geo.  P.  Putnam  &  Co.  of  New  York,)  which,  with 
The  Legends  of  the  Conquest  of  Spain,  will  be  included 
in  a  Second  Series  of  uniform  edits,  of  Irving's  Works.  A 
collective  London  edit,  is  pub.  by  Henry  G.  Bohn,  uniform 
with  his  Standard  Library.  It  is  comprised  in  10  thick 
8vo  vols.,  (1851,) — viz.:  Vol.1.  Salmagundi  and  Knicker 
bocker  j  with  Portrait  of  Irving.  II.  Sketch-Book,  and 
Life  of  Goldsmith.  III.  Bracebridge  Hall,  Abbotsford, 
and  Newstead.  IV.  Tales  of  a  Traveller,  and  The  Alham 
bra.  V.  Conquest  of  Granada,  and  Conquest  of  Spain. 
VI.,  VII.,  Life  of  Columbus,  and  Companions  of  Colum 
bus  ;  with  a  New  Index  and  a  fine  Portrait.  VIII.  Asto 
ria,  and  a  Tour  on  the  Prairies.  IX.  Mahomet  and  his 
Successors;  with  Portrait.  X.  Conquest  of  Floridh,,  (by 
Theodore  Irving,)  and  Adventures  of  Capt.  Bonneville. 
Irving's  Works  are  also  pub.  in  London,  from  time  to  time, 
by  Murray,  Bentley,  Routledge,  W.  Smith,  Tegg,  Ac. 

Some  have  been  issued  with  illustrations,  on  both  sides 
of  the  Atlantic;  and  Messrs.  Childs  <fc  Peterson,  of  Phila 
delphia,  publish  Irving's  Select  Works,  illustrated  by  F 
0.  C.  Darley  and  others,  in  6  vols.  8vo ;  viz. :  I.  The 
Sketch-Book.  II.  Knickerbocker's  History  of  New  York. 
III.  Tales  of  a  Traveller.  IV.  Oliver  Goldsmith  :  A  Bio 
graphy.  V.  The  Alhambra.  VI.  Bracebridge  Hall;  or, 
The  Humorists. 

This  volume  (VI.)  is  illustrated  by  fourteen  steel  plates, 
engraved  by  Greatbach  and  others,  from  original  designs 
by  Schmolze. 

What  more  acceptable  testimonial  of  regard  could  be 
presented  to  a  friend  than  this  valuable  set  of  works  ? 

The  same  publishers  issue  a  companion-volume  to  this 
set,  or  the  complete  works  of  Irving,  entitled  The  Illus 
trated  Beauties  of  Irving,  "containing  thirty  spirited  Illus 
trations  of  the  Works  of  Washington  Irving,  finely  engraved 
on  steel,  accompanied  by  an  elaborate  and  carefully-pre 
pared  Biographical  and!  Critical  Sketch  of  Mr.  Irving,  from 
Allibone's  Dictionary  of  Authors ;  also,  a  notice  of  Sunny 


Side,  Ac.,  by  H.  T.  Tuckerman,  Esq. ;  together  with  choice 
passages  selected  from  each  of  Mr.  Irving's  works." 

The  "notice"  by  Mr.  Tuckerman,  above  referred  to,  is 
an  extract  from  the  admirable  sketch  entitled  Sunny  Side 
and  its  Proprietor,  to  which  we  have  just  called  the  atten 
tion  of  the  reader  who  desires  to  see  a  graphic  portraiture 
of  Geoffrey  Crayon  reposing  amidst  the  rural  shades  of 
Sleepy  Hollow.  We  can  bear  witness  to  the  faithfulness 
of  the  picture.  There,  are  enough  points  of  resemblance 
n  literary  taste,  culture,  and  style  between  the  limner  and 
iris  subject  to  make  "Tuckerman  upon  Irving"  sound  as 
natural  and  fitting  as  "  Coke  upon  Littleton." 

Nor  must  we  omit  to  notice  the  Illustrated  Edition  of 
Irving's  Life  of  Washington,  now  (1858)  in  course  of  pub 
lication  (by  Putnam)  in  semi-monthly  Parts,  (14  to  each 
vol.,)  imp.  8vo,  100  copies  large  paper  4to. 
ILLUSTRATIONS  ON   STEEL. 

Site  of  Washington's  Birthplace;  Mount  Vernon, 
(Three  Views :)  Washington  as  a  Surveyor  ;  Washington 
at  Fort  Necessity ;  Washington  Surveying  the  Dismal 
Swamp;  Washington  at  Winchester;  Washington's  Field- 
Sports;  Fortifying  Bunker's  Hill;  FortTiconderoga;  Lake 
George ;  Fortifications  at  West  Point  in  1780,  (from  a  con 
temporary  drawing;)  Washington  Quelling  a  Riot;  View 
of  New  York,  1776;  Boston  from  Dorchester  Heights  in 
1776 ;  Announcement  of  Independence ;  Battle  of  Tren 
ton  ;  Battle  of  Germantown ;  Battle  of  Monmouth ;  Brad- 
dock's  Battle-Field;  Washington  going  to  Congress,  <fcc. 

And  now,  in  accordance  with  our  promise  in  the  preface 
to  this  work, — a  promise  which  the  preceding  pages  will 
prove  we  have  neither  forgotten  nor  delayed  to  fulfil, — we 
shall  proceed  to  adduce,  as  we  have  done  in  other  instances, 
the  verdicts  which  eminent  critics  have  passed  upon  the 
literary  characteristics  of  the  subject  of  our  notice.  In 
many  preceding  cases  we  have  been  obliged  to  omit  much 
more  than  we  had  space  to  quote  of  interesting  and  truly 
valuable  criticism;  but,  when  we  commence  the  pleasing 
task  of  citing  opinions  respecting  the  productions  of  Wash 
ington  Irving,  we  are  literally  oppressed  by  the  embarraa 
de  richesses.  As  we  glance  around  our  library-shelves, 
and  behold  the  mass  of  materials  which  we  have  been  for 
years  collecting  on  this  theme,  (as  we  have  on  the  same 
scale,  though  not  to  the  same  extent,  collected  for  the 
illustration  of  many  thousands  of  other  writers,)  we  feel  it 
to  be  no  exaggeration  to  say  that  we  could  readily  fill  a 
goodly  octavo  volume  with  the  matter  which  our  space  will 
oblige  us  to  reject.  Be  it  our  care,  therefore,  to  make  that 
judicious  selection  from  the  materials  which  invite  our 
research,  which  shall  truly  represent  the  impression  which 
this  distinguished  writer  has  made  upon  the  present  gene 
ration  and  the  one  which  first  sat  in  judgment  on  the 
early  fruits  of  his  literary  toil. 

1.  SALMAGUNDI;  OK,  THE  WHIM- WHAMS  AND  OPINIONS 
OF  LAUNCELOT  LANGSTAFF,  ESQ.,  AND  OTHERS,  January, 
1807,  to  January,  1808  : 

"  We  all  remember  the  success  of  Salmagundi,  to  which  he  was 
a  large  and  distinguished  contributor;  with  what  rapidity  and  to 
•what  extent  it  circulated  through  America ;  how  familiar  it  made 
us  with  the  local  pleasantry  and  the  personal  humours  of  New 
York,  and  what  an  abiding  influence  it  has  had  in  that  city,  by 
forming  a  sort  of  school  of  wit  of  a  character  somewhat  marked 
and  peculiar,  and  superior  to  every  thing  our  country  has  wit 
nessed,  except,  perhaps,  that  of  the  wits  of  The  Anarchiad  in  Con 
necticut." — EDWARD  EVERETT  :  JV.  Amer.  Rev.,  xv.  206,  July,  1822. 

"We  have  no  hesitation  in  saying  at  the  outset,  that  we  consi 
der  the  good  papers  of  Salmagundi,  and  the  greater  part  of  Knick 
erbocker,  superior  to  the  Sketch-Book.  ...  It  [Salmagundi]  was 
exceedingly  pleasant  morning  or  after-dinner  reading,  never 
taking  up  too  much  of  a  gentleman's  time  from  his  business  and 
pleasures,  nor  so  exalted  and  spiritualized  as  to  seem  mystical  to 
bis  far-reaching  vision.  . . .  Though  its  wit  is  sometimes  forced, 
and  its  serious  style  sometimes  false,  upon  looking  it  over  we 
have  found  it  full  of  entertainment,  with  an  infinite  variety  of 
characters  and  circumstances,  and  with  that  amiable,  good-natured 
wit  and  pathos  which  shows  that  the  heart  has  not  grown  hard 
while  making  merry  of  the  world."— RICHARD  M.  DANA,  SR.  :  N. 
Amer.  Rev.,  ix.  323,  334,  344-345,  Sept.  1819. 

"The  better  pieces  are  written  in  Mr.  Irving's  best  manner. 
Take  it  altogether,  it  was  certainly  a  production  of  extraordinary 
merit,  and  was  instantaneously  and  universally  recognised  as 
such  by  the  public.  It  wants  of  course  the  graver  merits  of  the 
modern  British  Collections  of  Essays;  but  for  spirit,  effect,  and 
actual  literary  value,  we  doubt  whether  any  publication  of  the 
class  since  The  Spectator,  upon  which  it  is  directly  modelled,  can 
fairly  be  put  in  competition  with  it." — ALEXANDER  H.  EVERETT  : 
N.  Amer.  Rev.,  xxviii.  116,  Jan.  1829. 

"It  was  in  form  and  method  of  publication  imitated  from  The 
Spectator,  but,  in  details,  spirit,  and  aim,  so  exquisitely  adapted  to 
the  latitude  of  New  York,  that  its  appearance  was  hailed  with  a 
delight  hitherto  unknown  :  it  was,  in  feet,  a  complete  triumph  of 
local  genius." — HENRY  T.  TUCKERMAN  :  Sketch  of  Amer.  Lit. 

"In  this  work  we  are  introduced  to  the  watering-places,  balls, 
elections,  reviews,  and  coteries  of  the  daughter-country,  and  par 
ticularly  of  New  York,  the  centre  of  its  fashion,  in  a  style  of  un- 

937 


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eparin"  and  broad  humour,  infinitely  outdoing  any  liberties  which 
Mathews  thought  fit  to  take  with  his  hospitable  entertainers,  and 
reflecting  some  credit  on  the  good-temper  which  was  shown  by  its 

reception That  Salmagundi  owes  its  principal  pretensions  to 

Mr.  Irving's  exertions  we  are  the  more  inclined  to  conclude  from 
the  evidence  of  a  work  in  which,  not  very  long  afterwards,  he  tried 
his  strength  single-handed,  under  the  title  of  Knickerbockers 
Humorous  History  of  New  York."— Lon.  Quar.  Rev.,  xxxi.  4(4, 
475,  March,  1825. 

"  The  production  of  Paulding,  Irving,  Verplanck,  and  perhaps 
of  others,  in  partnership  [an  error,  see  p.  935] :  the  papers  of  Pauld 
ing  are  more  sarcastic,  ill  natured,  acrimonious,— bitter,— than 
those  of  Irving;  but  quite  as  able :  those  by  Verplanck  we  do  not 
know:  we  have  only  heard  of  him  as  one  of  the  writers:  it  is  a 
work  in  two  volumes  duodecimo ;  essays,  after  the  manner  of  Gold 
smith, — a  downright,  secret,  laboured,  continual  imitation  of  him, 
—  abounding,  too,  in  plagiarisms:  the  title  is  from  our  English 
Fi  IM-FLAMS  :  oriental  papers,  the  little  man  in  black,  &c.  &c.  from 
the  Citizen  of  the  World :  parts  are  capital :  as  a  whole,  the  work 
is  quite  superior  to  any  thing  of  the  kind  which  this  age  has  pro 
duced."— JOHN  NEAL  :  Blackw.  Mag.,  xvii.  61,  Jan.  1826. 
2.  KNICKERBOCKER'S  HISTORY  OF  NEW  YORK,  1809. 
It  was  to  this  work  that  Irving  owed  his  fortunate  in 
troduction  to  Sir  Walter  Scott.  Campbell  was  aware  of 
the  delight  with  which  it  was  read  by  the  Great  Unknown, 
and  therefore  gave  the  author  a  letter  to  Abbotsford.  The 
young  American  arrived  at  Selkirk  on  the  29th  of  August, 
1817. 

"  I  had  come  down  from  Edinburgh,"  he  tells  us,  "  partly  to 
visit  Melrose  Abbey  and  its  vicinity,  but  chiefly  to  get  a  sight  of 
the  'mighty  minstrel  of  the  North.'  I  had  a  letter  of  introduc 
tion  to  him  from  Thomas  Campbell,  the  poet,  and  had  reason  to 
think,  from  the  interest  he  had  taken  in  some  of  my  earlier  scrib- 
blings,  that  a  visit  from  me  would  not  be  deemed  an  intrusion. 
On  the  following  morning,  after  an  early  breakfast,  I  set  off  in  a 
postchaise  for  the  Abbey.  On  the  way  thither  I  stopped  at  the 
gate  of  Abbotsford,  and  sent  the  postillion  to  the  house  with  the 
letter  of  introduction  and  my  card,  on  which  I  had  written  that 
I  was  on  my  way  to  the  ruins  of  Melrose  Abbey,  and  wished  to 
know  whether  it  would  be  agreeable  to  Mr.  Scott  (he  had  not  yet 
been  made  a  baronet)  to  receive  a  visit  from  me  in  the  course  of 
the  morning." — Irving's  Abbotsford. 

Mr.  Lockhart  shall  tell  us  in  what  spirit  this  "  modest 
approach"  was  received : 

"  Scott's  family  well  remember  the  delight  with  which  he  received 
this  announcement :  he  was  at  breakfast,  and  sallied  forth  instantly, 
dogs  and  children  after  him  as  usual,  to  greet  the, guest  and  con 
duct  him  in  person  from  the  highway  to  the  door." — LoclcharVs 
Life  of  Scott. 

Mr.  Irving  must  be  permitted  to  take  up  the  thread : 
"  Before  Scott  had  reached  the  gate  he  called  out  to  me  in  a 
hearty  tone,  welcoming  me  to  Abbotsford,  and  asking  news  of 
Campbell.  Arrived  at  the  door  of  the  chaise,  he  grasped  me 
warmly  by  the  hand:  'Come,  drive  down,  drive  down  to  the 
house,'  said  he ;  '  ye're  just  in  time  for  breakfest,  and  afterwards 
ye  shall  see  all  the  wonders  of  the  Abbey.' 

"  I  would  have  excused  myself  on  the  plea  of  having  already 
made  my  breakfast.  '  Hout,  man !'  cried  he;  '  a  ride  in  the  morning 
in  the  keen  air  of  the  Scotch  hills  is  warrant  enough  for  a  second 
breakfast!'  " — Ubi  supra. 

Thus  graphically  is  sketched,  by  the  gratified  stranger 
his  first  interview  with  the  tried  and  loving  friend  of  many 
years;  and  this  lifelike  description  is  familiar,  or  should 
be  so,  to  all.  But  it  has  been  the  happy  lot  of  the  writer 
of  these  pages  to  hear  from  Irving's  own  lips — while  the 
generous  tear  of  affection  quivered  in  his  eye — the  pathetic 
account  of  his  last  interview  with  his  friend,  a  few  months 
before  the  lamentations  of  nations  over  his  grave  testified 
to  the  strong  hold  which  he  had  gained  upon  the  hearts 
of  his  readers  in  every  land.  But  we  are  anticipating 
here:  should  we  ever  record  the  deeply-interesting  narra 
tion  to  which  we  refer,  it  will  be  more  appropriately  intro 
duced  in  our  life  of  the  author  of  Waverley.  It  is  worth 
mentioning,  in  this  connexion,  that  in  a  letter  from  Scot 
to  John  Richardson,  dated  22d  Sept.  1817,  he  remarks  : 

"When  you  see  Tom  Campbell,  tell  him  with  my  best  love  tha 
I  have  to  thank  him  for  making  me  known  to  Mr.  Washington 
Irving,  who  is  one  of  the  best  and  pleasantest  acquaintances 
have  made  this  many  a  day." 

Every  American  who  has  been  abroad,  and  mingled  a 
all  in  the  polite  circles  of  Europe,  can  testify  that  Si 
Walter  Scott  here  speaks  that  only  which  thousands  wil 
gladly  endorse.  We  quote  one  instance  which  we  fine 
recorded  in  Mr.  N.  P.  Willis's  agreeable  Pencillings  by  th 
Way.  He  is  describing  an  evening  party  at  the  Countes 
of  Blessington's : 

"  Nearest  me  sat  Smith,  the  author  of  Rejected  Addresses,— 
hale,  handsome  man,  apparently  fifty,  with  white  hair,  and  a  ver 
nobly-formed  head  and  physiognomy.  . . .  Among  other  things,  h 
talked  a  great  deal  of  America,  and  asked  me  if  I  knew  our  dii 
tinguished  countryman,  Washington  Irving.     I  had  never  bee 
so  fortunate  as  to  meet  him.    '  You  have  lost  a  great  deal.'  h 
said,  'for  never  was  so  delightful  a  fellow.    I  was  once  take 
down  with  him  into  the  country  by  a  merchant  to  dinner.    Ou 
friend  stopped  his  carriage  at  the  gate  of  his  park,  and  asked  us 
if  we  would  walk  through   his   grounds  to  the  house.     Irving 
refused,  and  held  me  down  by  the  coat,  so  that  we  drove  on  to  the 
house  together,  leaving  our  host  to  follow  on  foot.    "  I  make  it  a 
principle,"  said  Irving,  "  never  to  walk  with  a  man  through  his 


TO  grounds.    I  have  no  idea  of  praising  a  thing  whether  I  like 

or  not.  You  and  I  will  do  them  to-morrow  morning  by  our- 
Ives." '  The  rest  of  the"  company  had  turned  their  attention  to 
mith  as  he  began  his  story,  and  there  was  a  universal  inquiry 
fter  Mr.  Irving.  Indeed,  the  first  questions  on  the  lips  of  every 
ae  to  whom  I  am  introduced  as  an  American  are  of  him  and 
ooper." 

Tom  Moore's  warm  affection  for  the  author  of  The 
ketch-Book  is  no  secret  to  those  who  have  read  the 
ntertaining  Diary  of  the  former,  recently  published  by 
jord  John  Russell.  We  quote  from  one  of  the  poet's 
ntries  a  bon  mot  of  Irving's,  which  has  amused  us  not  a 

ttle : 

"  April  10, 1830. — Forgot  to  mention  in  its  place  Irving's  descrip- 
on  of  the  evening  at  Horace  Twiss's,  (the  evening  of  the  day  he 
wanted  me  to  meet  the  Duke  of  Wellington.)  But  few  people  had 
ome;  and  'there  was  Twiss,'  said  Irving,  'with  his  two  great 
men,  the  Duke  and  the  Chancellor,  just  like  a  spider  that  has  got 
wo  big  flies  and  does  not  know  what  to  do  with  them.'  " 

But,  the  reader  will  query,  how  had  Scott  become 
icquainted  with  the  literary  merits  of  the  young  Ameri- 
an  ? — for  such  acquaintance  he  seems  to  have  had.  Lock- 
lart  shall  again  be  our  spokesman  : 

Scott  had  received  The  History  of  New  York  by  Knicker- 
>ocker,  shortly  after  its  appearance  in  1812,  from  an  accomplished 
American  traveller,  Mr.  Brevoort;  and  the  admirable  humour  of 
his  early  work  had  led  him  to  anticipate  the  brilliant  career 
rhich  its  author  has  since  run.  Mr.  Thomas  Campbell,  being  no 
tranger  to  Scott's  high  estimate  of  Irving's  genius,  gave  him  a 
etter  of  introduction,"  &c. 

It  so  happens — though  it  is  hardly  an  accident,  either — 
,hat  we  have  before  us  a  fac-simile  of  Scott's  letter  to  Mr. 
lenry  Brevoort,  acknowledging  the  receipt  of  Knicker- 
>ocker's  History  of  New  York;  and  it  is  strictly  to  our 
present  purpose — the  citation  of  opinions  upon  Irving's 
works — to  quote  this  epistle  for  the  gratification  of  the 
reader : 

My  Dear  Sir: — I  beg  you  to  accept  my  best  thanks  for  the  un 
common  degree  of  entertainment  which  I  have  received  from  the 
most  excellently-jocose  history  of  New  York.  I  am  sensible  that 
as  a  stranger  to  American  parties  and  politics  I  must  lose  much 
f  the  concealed  satire  of  the  piece;  but  I  must  own  that,  looking 
at  the  simple  and  obvious  meaning  only,  I  have  never  read  any 
;hing  so  closely  resembling  the  style  of  Dean  Swift  as  the  annals 
of  Diedrich  Knickerbocker.  I  have  been  employed  these  few 
evenings  in  reading  them  aloud  to  Mrs.  S.  and  two  ladies  who  are 
our  guests,  and  our  sides  have  been  absolutely  sore  with  laugh 
ing.  I  think,  too,  there  are  passages  which  indicate  that  the  au 
thor  possesses  power  of  a  different  kind,  and  [he]  has  some  touches 
which  remind  me  much  of  Sterne.  I  beg  you  will  have  the  kind 
ness  to  let  me  know  when  Mr.  Irvine  takes  pen  in  hand  again,  for 
assuredly  I  shall  expect  a  very  great  treat,  which  I  may  chance 
never  to  hear  of  but  through  your  kindness.  Believe  me,  dear  sir, 
"Your  obliged  and  humble  servant, 

"WALTER  SCOTT. 

"  Abbotsford,  23d  April,  1813." 

We  have  already  seen  that  it  was  to  the  friendly  offices 
of  Scott  that  Irving  was  indebted  for  the  happy  circum 
stance  which  made  John  Murray  his  publisher,  and  the 
handsome  tribute  to  both  these  gentlemen  which  appears 
in  the  Preface  to  the  revised  edition  of  The  Sketch-Book 
(New  York,  1848)  must  not  be  omitted  in  this  place  : 

"  From  that  time  [the  publication  of  The  Sketch-Book  in  1820] 
Murray  became  my  publisher,  conducting  himself  in  all  his  deal 
ings  with  that  fair,  open,  and  liberal  spirit  which  had  obtained 
for  him  the  well-merited  appellation  of  the  Prince  of  Booksellers. 
Thus,  under  the  kind  and  cordial  auspices  of  Sir  Walter  Scott,  I 
began  my  literary  career  in  Europe ;  and  I  feel  that  I  am  but  dis 
charging,  in  a  trifling  degree,  my  debt  of  gratitude  to  the  memory 
of  that  golden-hearted  man  in  acknowledging  my  obligations  to 
him.  But  who  of  his  literary  contemporaries  ever  applied  to  him 
for  aid  or  counsel  that  did  not  experience  the  most  prompt,  gene 
rous,  and  effectual  assistance  ?" 

We  continue  the  quotation  of  opinions : 

"Equally  or  more  admired  [than  Salmagundi]  was  Knicker 
bocker's  History  of  New  York,  a  work  to  be  compared  with  any 
thing  of  the  kind  in  our  language;  a  book  of  unwearying  plea 
santry,  which,  instead  of  flashing  out,  as  English  and  American 
humour  is  wont,  from  time  to  time,  with  long  and  dull  intervals, 
is  kept  up  with  a  true  French  vivacity  from  beginning  to  end ;  a 
book  which,  if  it  have  a  fault,  has  only  that  of  being  too  pleasant, 
too  sustained  a  tissue  of  merriment  and  ridicule." — EDWARD  EVE 
RETT  :  N.  Amer.  Rev.,  xv.  206,  July,  1822. 

"  It  has  the  same  faults  and  same  good  qualities  in  its  style,  its 
wit  and  humour,  and  its  characters  are  evidently  by  the  same 
hand,  as  the  leading  ones  in  Salmagundi,  though  not  copies  from 
them.  They  are  perfectly  fresh  and  original,  and  suited  to  their 
situations.  Too  much  of  the  first  part  of  the  first  volume  is  labo 
rious  and  up-hill ;  and  there  are  places,  here  and  there,  in  the  last 
part,  to  which  there  is  the  same  objection.  Our  feelings  seldom 
flag  in  the  second." — RICHARD  H.  DANA,  SR.  :  N.  Amer.  Rev.,  ix. 
345,  Sept.  1819. 

"This  we  consider  as  equal  to  the  best,  and  in  some  respects 
perhaps  superior  to  any  other,  of  our  author's  productions,  [viz. : 
Oldstyle,  Salmagundi,  Naval  Biographies,  The  Sketch-Book,  Brace- 
bridge  Hall,  Tales  of  a  Traveller,  and  Columbus.]  It  is  the  one 
!  which  exhibits  most  distinctly  the  stamp  of  real  inventive  power, 
j  the  true  test,  as  we  have  hinted,  of  genius.  The  plan,  though 
simple  enough,  and  when  hit  upon  sufficiently  obvious,  is  entirely 
i  original."— ALEX.  H.  EVERETT  :  N.  Amer.  Rev.,  xxviii.  117-118, 
i  Jan.  1829. 


IRV 


IRV 


'•'The  most  elaborate  piece  of  humor  in  our  literature, — Irv- 
ing's  facetious  history  of  his  native  town."— HENRY  T.  TUCKERMAN  : 
Sketch  of  Amer.  Lit. 

"  Of  the  point  of  many  of  the  allusions  contained  in  this  political 
satire,  partaking  somewhat  of  the  style  of  Swift's  Tale  of  a  Tub,  and 
in  which  more  than  one  President  of  the  United  States  figures,  we 
very  much  lament  that  we  are  not  fully  competent  to  judge.  To 
us  it  is  a  tantalizing  book,  of  which  all  that  we  understand  is  so 
good,  and  affords  us  so  much  pleasure,  even  through  an  imperfect 
acquaintance  with  it,  that  we  cannot  but  conclude  that  a  thorough 
knowledge  of  the  whole  point  in  every  part  would  be  a  treat  in 
deed."—  Lon.  Quar.  Rev.,  xxxi.  475,  March,  1825. 

Another  authority  does  not  consider  that  Irving  was 
so  invariably  allegorical  as  the  critic  just  quoted  seems 
to  suppose : 

"  By  nine  readers  out  of  ten,  perhaps,  Knickerbocker  is  read  as 
a  piece  of  generous  drollery, — nothing  more.  Be  it  so.  It  will 
•wear  the  better.  The  design  of  Irving  himself  is  not  always 
clear,  nor  was  he  always  undeviating  in  his  course.  Truth  or 
fable,  fact  or  falsehood,— it  was  all  the  same  to  him,  if  a  bit  of 
material  came  in  his  way.  In  a  word,  we  look  upon  this  volume 
of  Knickerbocker — though  it  is  tiresome,  though  there  are  some 
wretched  failures  in  it,  a  little  overdoing  of  the  humorous,  and  a 
little  confusion  of  purpose  throughout— as  a  work  honourable  to 
English  literature,  manly,  bold,  and  so  altogether  original,  without 
being  extravagant,  as  to  stand  alone  among  the  labours  of  men." 
—JoiiN  NEAL  :  Blackw.  Mag.,  xvii.  62,  Jan.  1825. 

"To  speak  the  plain  truth,  Diedrich  Knickerbocker  is,  after  all, 
our  favourite.  There  is  more  richness  of  humour,  and  there  ia 
more  strength  of  language  too,  in  these  earlier  efforts." — Blackw. 
Mag.,  xiv.  564.  Nov.  1823. 

"The  whole  book  is  &jeu-d 'esprit,  and  perhaps  its  only  fault  is, 
that  no  jeu-d'esprit  ought  to  be  quite  so  long  as  to  fill  two  closely- 
printed  volumes."— Ibid.,  vii.  361,  July,  1820,  (by  J.G.  Lockhart.) 

The  eloquent  historian  of  The  Conquest  of  Mexico,  in 
a  dissertation  upon  the  Eight  of  Title  by  Discovery,  after 
referring  the  reader  to  some  of  the  great  legal  luminaries 
of  different  countries, — to  Vattel,  Kent,  and  Wheaton. — 
concludes  with  the  following  allusion  to  the  erudite  essay 
of  our  ancient  friend,  the  chronicler  of  the  early  fortunes 
of  Nieuw-Nederlandts : 

"  If  it  were  not  treating  a  grave  discussion  too  lightly,  I  should 
crave  leave  to  refer  the  reader  to  the  renowned  Diedrich  Knicker 
bocker's  History  of  New  York,  (book  1.  chap.  5,)  for  a  luminous 
disquisition  on  this  knotty  question.  At  all  events,  be  will  find 
there  the  popular  arguments  subjected  to  the  test  of  ridicule, — a 
test  showing,  more  than  any  reasoning  can,  how  much,  or  rather 
bow  little,  they  are  really  worth."— PrescotVs  Hist,  of  the  Conquest 
of  Mexico,  23d  ed.,  Bost,  1855,  ii.  33,  n. 

For  further  notices  of  Knickerbocker's  History  of  New 
York,  see  Lon.  Month.  Rev.,  xciv,  67 ;  Lon.  Athen.,  1832, 
458 ;  Knickerbocker  Mag.,  iii.  1 ;  GKAHAME,  JAMES,  p. 
717,  in  this  Dictionary. 

3.  THE  SKETCH-BOOK,  1819-20. 

"  I  have  glanced  over  The  Sketch-Book.  It  is  positively  beauti 
ful,  and  increases  my  desire  to  crimp  you,  if  it  be  possible."— Sir 
Walter  Scott  to  Washington  Irving,  offering  him  the  editorship 
(with  a  salary  of  £500  per  annum)  of  a  projected  Edinburgh 
weekly  literary  periodical.  This  offer  was  gratefully  declined  by 
Irving. 

"  But,  though  it  is  primarily  for  its  style  and  composition  that 
•we  are  induced  to  notice  this  book,  it  would  be  quite  unjust  to 
the  author  not  to  add,  that  he  deserves  very  high  commendation 
for  its  more  substantial  qualities ;  and  that  we  have  seldom  seen 
a  work  that  gave  us  a  more  pleasing  impression  of  the  writer's 
character,  or  a  more  favourable  one  of  his  judgment  and  taste.  .  . . 
It  seemed  fair  and  courteous  not  to  stint  a  stranger  on  his  first 
introduction  to  our  pages;  and  what  we  have  quoted,  we  are  per 
suaded,  will  justify  all  that  we  have  said  in  his  favour.  . .  .  We 
have  found  the  book  in  the  hands  of  most  of  those  to  whom  we 
have  thought  of  mentioning  it." — LORD  JEFFREY  :  Edin.  Rev., 
xxxiv.  161,  168,  176,  Aug.  1820. 

"  Few  recent  publications  have  been  so  well  received  in  (England 
as  The  Sketch-Book.  Several  of  the  Waverley  novels  have  passed 
through  fewer  editions  than  this  agreeable  work,  and  the  journals 
of  most  consequence  have  paid  the  highest  compliments  to  its 
merit.  We  are  nevertheless  free  to  confess  that  we  think  The 
Sketch-Book  as  a  whole  inferior  to  the  author's  earlier  writings." 
—EDWARD  EVERETT:  N.  Amer.  Rev.,  xv.  208,  July,  1822. 

"  We  will  be  open  with  him,  and  tell  him  that  we  do  not  think 
the  change  is  for  the  better.  He  appears  to  have  lost  a  little  of 
that  natural  run  of  style  for  which  his  lighter  writings  were  so 
remarkable.  He  has  given  up  something  of  his  direct,  simple 
manner,  and  plain  phraseology,  for  a  more  studied,  periphrastical 
mode  of  expression.  He  seems  to  have  exchanged  words  and 
phrases  which  were  strong,  distinct,  and  definite,  for  a  genteel 
sort  of  language,  cool,  less  definite,  and  general.  It  is  as  if  his 
mother-English  had  been  sent  abroad  to  be  improved,  and,  in 
attempting  to  become  accomplished,  had  lost  too  many  of  her 
home  qualities. .  .  .  The  Sketch-Book  is  extremely  popular,  and  it 
is  worthy  of  being  so.  Yet  it  is  with  surprise  that  we  have  heard 
its  style  indiscriminately  praised.  .  .  .  Had  we  thought  less  highly 
of  his  powers,  we  should  have  said  less  about  his  errors.  Did  we 
not  take  delight  in  reading  him,  we  should  have  been  less  earnest 
about  his  mistakes. ...  He  is  a  man  of  genius,  and  able  to  bear 
his  faults."— RICHARD  H.  DANA,  SR.  :  N.  Amer.  Rev.,  ix.  348,  350, 
356,  Sept.  1819. 

"  The  characteristics  of  The  Sketch-Book  are  essentially  the 
same  with  those  of  the  preceding  work ;  but,  with  somewhat 
more  polish  and  elegance,  it  has  somewhat  less  vivacity,  fresh 
ness,  and  power.  This  difference  constitutes  the  distinction 
between  Mr.  Irving's  first  and  second  manner,  the  latter  of  which 


is  preserved  in  all  his  subsequent  publications,  excepting  the  one 
immediately  before  us,  [Life  of  Columbus.]  Of  these  two  man 
ners,  the  one  or  the  other  may  perhaps  be  preferred  by  different 
readers,  according  to  their  different  tastes.  We  incline  ourselves 
to  the  former,  conceiving  that  spirit  and  vigour  are  the  highest 
qualities  of  style,  and  that  the  loss  of  any  merit  of  this  descrip 
tion  is  but  poorly  compensated  by  a  little  additional  finish." — 
ALEX.  H.  EVERETT  :  N.  Amer.  Rev.,  xxviii.  119,  Jan.  1829. 

"  His  stories  of  Rip  Van  Winkle  and  Sleepy  Hollow  are  perhaps 
the  finest  pieces  of  original  fictitious  writing  that  this  country 
has  produced,  next  to  the  works  of  Scott."— Chambers's  Oyc.  Eng. 
Lit.,  Edin.,  1844,  ii.  594. 

Dr.  Dibdin,  a  Nestor  among  critics,  cannot  find  words 
sufficiently  strong  in  which  to  express  bis  admiration  of 
The  Sketch-Book.  Referring  to  Mr.  Roscoe,  he  remarks  : 

"This  is  probably  the  last  time  that  his  name  will  adorn  these 
pages;  and  in  taking  leave  of  it  how  can  I  better  express  my 
feelings  than  in  the  beautiful  language  of  the  author  of  The 
Sketch-Book  1"— Library  Companion,  ed.  1825,  542. 

Again : 

"  I  know  of  few  passages — indeed,  I  know  of  none — which  so 
completely  and  so  deliciously  (if  I  may  so  speak)  describe  the 
comforts  of  a  well-stored  library  as  the  following,  from  the  author 
of  The  Sketch-Book :  '  When  all  that  is  worldly  turns  to  dross 
around  us,  these  only  retain  their  steady  value,'  Ac." 

The  doctor  quotes  to  the  end  of  the  next  paragraph, 
and  then  demands, 

"  Can  sentiment  (I  ask)  be  purer,  or  language  more  harmonious, 
than  this?"—  Ubi  supra,  p.  544.  See  also  p.  346. 

"  The  Sketch-Book  is  a  timid,  beautiful  work ;  with  some  childish 
pathos  in  it;  some  rich,  pure,  bold  poetry:  a  little  squeamish, 
puling,  lady-like  sentimentality :  some  courageous  writing,  some 
wit,  and  a  world  of  humour,  so  happy,  so  natural,  so  altogether 
unlike  that  of  any  other  man,  dead  or  alive,  that  we  would  rather 
have  been  the  writer  of  it,  fifty  times  over,  than  of  every  thing 
else  that  he  has  ever  written.  The  touches  of  poetry  are  every 
where  ;  but  never  where  we  would  look  for  them.  Irving  has  no 
passion :  he  fails  utterly  in  true  pathos, — cannot  speak  as  if  he 
were  carried  away  by  any  thing.  He  is  always  thoughtful ;  and, 
save  when  he  tries  to  be  fine  or  sentimental,  always  natural. 
The  'dusty  splendour'  of  Westminster  Abbey,  the  'ship  staggering1 
over  the  precipices  of  the  ocean,  the  shark  '  darting,  like  a  spectre, 
through  the  blue  waters,' — all  these  things  are  poetry,  such  poetry 
as  never  was,  never  will  be,  surpassed.  We  could  mention  fifty 
more  passages, — epithets  of  power,  which  no  mere  prose  writer 
would  have  dared,  iinder  any  circumstances,  to  use."— -JOHN  NEAL: 
Blackw.  Mag.,  xvii.  65.  Jan.  1825. 

"  We  trust  some  arrangement  has  been  entered  into,  by  virtue 
of  which  the  succeeding  numbers  of  this  exquisite  miscellany 
may  be  early  given  to  the  English  public;  who,  we  are  sure,  are, 
at  least,  as  much  inclined  to  receive  them  well  as  the  American. 
Mr.  Washington  Irving  is  one  of  our  first  favourites  among  the 
English  writers  of  this  age,  and  he  is  not  a  bit  the  less  so  for  having 
been  born  in  America."— Blackw.  Mag.,  vii.  361,  July,  1820,  (by  J. 
G.  Lockhart.) 

We  have  already  quoted  Lockhart's  opinion  of  The 
Sketch-Book  on  a  preceding  page,  q.  v.  See  also  Christo 
pher  North's  Noctes  Ambrosianae,  July,  1822,  and  May, 
1823. 

"  Of  the  merit  of  his  Knickerbocker  and  New  York  Stories  we 
cannot  pretend  to  judge.  But  in  his  Sketch-Book  and  Bracebridge 
Hall  he  gives  us  very  good  American  copies  of  our  British  Essay 
ists  and  Novelists,  which  may  be  very  well  on  the  other  side  of  the 
water,  or  as  proofs  of  the  capabilities  of  the  national  genius,  bxtt 
which  might  be  dispensed  with  here,  where  we  have  to  boast  of  the 
originals.  Not  only  Mr.  Irving's  language  is  with  great  taste  and 
felicity  modelled  on  that  of  Addison,  Goldsmith,  Sterne,  or  Mac 
kenzie,  but  the  thoughts  and  sentiments  are  taken  at  the  rebound, 
and,  as  they  are  brought  forward  at  the  present  period,  want  both 
freshness  and  probability.  Mr.  Irving's  writings  are  literary  ana 
chronisms.  He  comes  to  England  for  the  first  [the  second]  time; 
and,  being  on  the  spot,  fancies  himself  in  the  midst  of  those  cha 
racters  and  manners  which  he  had  read  of  in  The  Spectator  and 
other  approved  authors,  and  which  were  the  only  idea  he  had 
hitherto  formed  of  the  parent-country.  Instead  of  looking  round 
to  see  what  we  are,  he  sets  to  work  to  describe  us  as  we  were,  at 
second-hand." — HazlitVs  Spirit  of  the  Age. 

As  this  charge — of  literary  anachronism — has  often  been 
urged  against  some  of  the  graphic  scenes  depicted  in  The 
Sketch-Book  and  Bracebridge  Hall,  it  is  only  just  to  allow 
the  author  to  be  heard  in  his  own  defence : 

"  At  the  time  of  the  first  publication  of  this  paper,  [The  Christmas 
Dinner,  in  The  Sketch-Book,]  the  picture  of  an  old-fashioned 
Christmas  in  the  country  was  pronounced  by  some  as  out  of  date. 
The  author  had  afterwards  an  opportunity  of  witnessing  almost 
all  the  customs  above  described,  existing  in  unexpected  vigour 
in  the  skirts  of  Derbyshire  and  Yorkshire,  where  he  passed  the 
Christmas  holidays.  The  reader  will  find  some  account  of  them 
in  the  author's  account  of  his  sojourn  in  Newstead  Abbey." — Note 
to  revised  edit,  of  The  Sketch-Book,  New  York,  1848,  p.  298. 

We  lack  space  to  quote  Mr.  Irving's  description  of  the 
primitive  customs  which  he  found  in  full  and  honoured  ob 
servance  in  different  parts  of  England, — customs  which, 
as  he  remarks, 

"  Have  only  been  pronounced  obsolete  by  those  who  draw  their 
experience  merely  from  city  life. ...  It  has  been  deemed  that  some 
of  the  anecdotes  of  holiday  customs  given  in  my  preceding  writ 
ings  related  to  usages  which  have  entirely  passed  away.  Critics 
who  reside  in  cities  have  little  idea  of  the  primitive  manners  and 
observances  which  still  prevail  in  remote  and  rural  neighbour 
hoods."—  Crayon  Miscellany:  Newstead  Abbey,  N.  York,  1848,  298, 
299. 


IRV 


IRV 


Mr.  Irving's  comments  are  fully  endorsed  by  an  eminent 
English  authority : 

"  The  accuracy  of  his  pictures  of  old  English  customs  and  sports, 
•which  he  represents  as  flourishing  under  the  influence  of  the 
benevolent  squire,  has  been  questioned,  we  know,  by  suburban 
readers :  in  our  opinion,  and  according  to  our  experience,  there  is 
nothing  too  highly  coloured  in  them.  [The  writer  then  proceeds 
to  prove  his  position.]  We  think,  therefore,  that,  far  from  exceed 
ing  the  limits  of  probability  in  this  respect,  Mr.  Irving  has  hardly 
made  the  full  use  of  northern  customs  which  was  really  open  to 
him.  Nor  can  we  see  any  thing  overdrawn  in  the  characters  them 
selves."— ion.  Quar.  Rev.,  xxxi.  476,  477,  March,  1825. 

The  Dublin  University  Mag.  remarks,  in  the  same  strain  : 
"  Bracebridge  Hall  is  the  only  account  we  have  which  gives  any 
thing  like  a  true  picture  of  the  life  of  an  English  country  gentle 
man  of  our  own  day." — May.  1835,  554. 

Other  reviews  of  The  Sketch-Book  appeared  in  the  Lon. 
Quar.  Rev.,  xxv.  50;  Lon.  Month.  Rev.,  xciii.  198;  Edin. 
Month.  Rev.,  iv.  303.  In  our  life  of  Lord  Byron,  p.  322 
of  this  Dictionary,  will  be  found  an  interesting  account  of 
the  enthusiastic  admiration  expressed  by  his  lordship  of 
The  Sketch-Book  and  its  author. 

Before  we  leave  our  subject,  we  must  not  forget  to  copy 
an  entry  in  Moore's  Diary,  in  which  the  success  of  The 
Sketch-Book  at  its  first  appearance  is  referred  to  : 

"  Dined  with  McKay  at  the  table-d'hote,  at  Meurice's,  for  the 
purpose  of  being  made  known  to  Mr.  Washington  Irving,  the 
author  of  the  work  which  has  lately  had  success,  The  Sketch- 
Book;  a  good-looking  and  intelligent-mannered  man." — Paris, 
Dec.  21,  1820. 

4.  BRACEBRIDGE  HALL;  OR,  THE  HUMOURISTS,  1822: 
"  The  great  charm  and  peculiarity  of  his  work  consists  now,  as 
on  former  occasions,  in  the  singular  sweetness  of  the  composition, 
and  the  mildness  of  the  sentiments,— sicklied  over  perhaps  a  little, 
now  and  then,  with  that  cloying  heaviness  into  which  unvaried 
sweetness  is  so  apt  to  subside.  The  rhythm  and  melody  of  the 
sentences  is  certainly  excessive :  as  it  not  only  gives  an  air  of 
mannerism,  but  raises  too  strong  an  impression  of  the  labour  that 
must  have  been  bestowed,  and  the  importance  which  must  have 
been  attached  to  that  which  is,  after  all.  but  a  secondary  attribute 
to  good  writing.  It  is  very  ill-natured  in  us,  however,  to  object 
to  what  has  given  us  so  much  pleasure;  for  we  happen  to  be  very 
intense  and  sensitive  admirers  of  those  soft  harmonies  of  studied 
speech  in  which  this  author  is  apt  to  indulge  himself;  and  have 
caught  ourselves,  oftener  than  we  shall  confess,  neglecting  his 
excellent  matter,  to  lap  ourselves  in  the  liquid  music  of  his  pe 
riods,  and  letting  ourselves  float  passively  down  the  mellow  falls 
and  windings  of  his  soft-flowing  sentences,  with  a  delight  not  in 
ferior  to  that  which  we  derive  from  fine  versification." — LORD 
JEFFREY;  Edin.  Rev.,  xxxvii.  338-339,  Nov.  1822. 

"  We  have  no  hesitation  in  pronouncing  Bracebridge  Hall  quite 
equal  to  any  thing  which  the  present  age  of  English  literature 
has  produced  in  this  department.  In  saying  this,  we  class  it  in 
the  branch  of  essay-writing.  .  . .  Besides  the  episodical  tales,  he 
has  given  us  admirable  sketches  of  life  and  manners,  highly  cu 
rious  in  themselves,  and  rendered  almost  important  by  the  good- 
natured  mock  gravity,  the  ironical  reverence,  and  lively  wit,  with 
•which  they  are  described.  We  can  scarce  express  the  delight  with 
which  we  turn  to  the  definite  images  such  a  work  excites,  from 
the  vagueness  and  generality  of  ordinary  story-writing,  where  per 
sonages  without  prototypes  in  any  society  on  earth  speak  a  lan 
guage  learned  out  of  books,  without  a  trait  of  nature,  life,  or  truth." 
»-EDWARD  EVERETT  :  N.  Amer.  Rev.,  xv.  209,  223-224,  July,  1822. 

"  Bracebridge  Hall  certainly  does  not  possess  the  spirit  of  The 
Sketch-Book."— Blackw.  Mag.,  xi.  688,  June.  1822. 

"  STOUT  GENTLEMAN— very  good,  and  a  pretty  fair  account  of  a 
real  occurrence,  [see  Note  at  bottom  of  the  page ;]  STUDENT  OF  SALA 
MANCA — beneath  contempt:  Irving  has  no  idea  of  genuine  romance, 
or  love,  or  any  thing  else,  we  believe,  that  ever  seriously  troubles 
the  blood  of  men :  ROOKERY — struck  off  in  a  few  hours ;  contrary 
to  what  has  been  said,  Irving  does  not  labour  as  people  suppose — 
he  is  too  indolent — given  too  much,  we  know,  to  revery  :  DOLPH 
HEYLIGER;  THE  HAUNTED  HOUSE;  STORM  SHIP— all  in  the  fashion 
of  his  early  time :  perhaps— we  are  greatly  inclined  to  believe- 
perhaps  the  remains  of  what  was  meant  for  Salmagundi  or  Knick 
erbocker  :  the  rest  of  the  two  volumes  quite  unworthy  of  Irving'a 
reputation."  —  JOHN  NEAL  :  Blackw.  Mag.,  xvii.  66,  January, 
1825. 

"  In  spite,  however,  of  the  pleasure  which  Bracebridge  Hall  has 
afforded  us,  we  can  see  nothing  in  it  which  might  not  have  been 
compressed  into  the  space  of  one  volume.  The  make-weights  (for 
we  can  give  them  no  other  name)  which  are  thrown  in  to  round 
off  the  work  more  properly  belong  to  Mr.  Irving's  recent  publica 
tion,  the  Tales  of  a  Traveller;  in  fact  they  are.  for  the  most  part, 
told  by  the  same  imaginary  narrators,  and  we  shall,  therefore, 
consider  them  under  the  same  head."— ion.  Quar.  Rev.,  xxxi.  481- 
482,  March,  1825. 

See  also  Moore's  Diary,  March  19,  1821. 
5.  TALES  OP  A  TRAVELLER,  1824. 

"  I  have  been  miserably  disappointed  in  the  Tales  of  a 
Traveller."  In  this  strain  commences  Timothy  Tickler's 
review  of  the  Tales,  and  he  proceeds  to  abuse  them  terri 
bly  :  the  more  so,  he  intimates,  from  the  fact  that 

"  Few  people  have  admired  Mr.  Irving  more  than  myself,  few 
have  praised  him  more,  and  certainly  few  wish  him  and  hie  career 
better  than  I  do  at  this  moment." — Blackw  Maa  xvi  294  297 
Sept.  1824. 

In  the  same  periodical  (xvii.  66-67,  American  Writers, 
No.  4,  by  John  Neal)  the    Tales   are  quite  as  severely 
handled,  but  the  critic  dismisses  the  author  with  many 
civil  words  and  a  hearty  benediction : 
940 


"You — Geoffrey  Crayon — have  great  power, — original  power. 
We  rejoice  in  your  failure  now,  because  we  believe  that  it  will 
drive  you  into  a  style  of  original  composition,  far  more  worthy  of 
yourself.  Go  to  work.  Lose  no  time.  Your  foundations  will  be 
the  stronger  for  this  uproar.  You  cannot  write  a  novel,  a  poem, 
a  true  tale,  or  a  tragedy.  You  can  write  another  SKETCH-BOOK 
worth  all  that  you  have  ever  written,  if  you  will  draw  out  from 
yourself.  You  have  some  qualities  that  no  other  living  writer 
has, — a  bold,  quiet  humour,  a  rich,  beautiful  mode  of  painting 
without  caricature,  a  delightful,  free,  happy  spirit :  make  use  of 
them.  We  look  to  see  you  all  the  better  for  this  trouncing.  God 
bless  you!  Farewell." 

The  reviewer  in  the  London  Quarterly  (vol.  xxxi.  481- 
487,  March,  1825)  finds  hardly  any  thing  to  commend  in 
the  Tales  of  a  Traveller,  save  the  autobiography  of  Buck- 
thorne : 

"  It  is  with  great  pleasure  that  we  turn  from  productions  which 
Mr.  Irving  honestly  confesses  to  be  the  sweepings  of  his  Scrap- 
book,  to  the  tale  of  Buckthorne,  whose  adventures,  together  with 
those  of  his  friends,  occupy  the  second  division  of  the  tales.  In 
this  instance,  finding  the  contents  of  the  said  Scrap-book  run 
short,  he  has  been  driven  to  tax  his  own  invention  in  good  ear 
nest,  and  the  result  is  excellent.  From  the  evidence  of  this  tale, 
which  abounds  in  point  and  incident,  it  seems  probable  to  us  that 
he  might  as  a  novelist  prove  no  contemptible  rival  to  Goldsmith, 
whose  turn  of  mind  he  very  much  inherits,  and  of  whose  style  he 
particularly  reminds  us  in  the  life  of  Dribble.  Like  him.  too,  Mr. 
Irving  possesses  the  art  of  setting  ludicrous  perplexities  in  the 
most  irresistible  point  of  view,  and  we  think  equals  him  in  the 
variety,  if  not  in  the  force,  of  his  humour.  .  .  .  After  the  evidence 
of  Mr.  Irving's  powers  afforded  by  the  last-quoted  passage,  he 
must  in  future  be  true  to  his  own  reputation  throughout,  and 
correct  the  habits  of  indolence  which  so  considerable  a  part  of  the 
Tales  of  a  Traveller  evince.  The  indulgence  which  he  so  fairly 
deserved  at  his  outset,  as  an  ingenious  stranger  intuitively  pro 
ficient  in  the  style  and  ideas  of  the  mother-country,  must  now 
cease,  and  he  must  be  considered  in  future  as  not  only  admitted 
to  the  full  freedom  and  privileges  of  the  English  guild  of  author 
ship,  but  amenable  also  at  the  same  time,  as  an  experienced  crafts 
man,  to  its  most  vigorous  statutes.  We  may  congratulate  him 
on  the  rank  which  he  has  already  gained,  of  which  the  momentary 
caprice  of  the  public  cannot  long  deprive  him;  and  with  hearty 
good  will,  playfully,  but  we  hope  not  profanely,  we  exclaim,  as  we 
part  with  him.  'Very  pleasant  hast  thou  been  to  me,  my  brother 
Jonathan.'"— ion.  Quar.  Rev.,  xxxi.  483-484.  486-487. 

But  perhaps  the  most  severe  of  all  the  reviews  of  the 
Tales  of  a  Traveller  appeared  in  the  Westminster  Review, 
(ii.  334,)  then  in  the  first  blossom  of  its  youth.  Geoffrey 
Crayon's  courteous  notices  of  the  English  nobility,  and 
his  equally  creditable  disgust  at  the  sanguinary  horrors  of 
the  French  Revolution,  excited  the  ire  of  the  democratic 
critic  to  an  uncontrollable  pitch.  Even  the  author's  ad 
miring  friend,  Tom  Moore,  seems  to  have  had  but  little 
hope  for  the  success  of  the  Tales  : 

"Irving  and  I  set  out  for  the  cottage  between  ten  and  eleven. 
Took  Irving  after  dinner  to  show  him  to  the  Starkeys,  but  he  was 
sleepy,  and  did  not  open  his  mouth :  the  same  at  Elwyn's  dinner. 
Not  strong  as  a  lion,  but  delightful  as  a  domestic  animal.  Walked 
him  over  this  morning  to  call  on  Lord  Lansdowne,  (come  down  in 
consequence  of  Lord  King's  illness,)  who  walked  part  of  the  way 
back  with  us.  Read  me  some  parts  of  his  new  work,  Tales  of  a 
Traveller.  Rather  tremble  for  its  fate.  Murray  has  given  him 
1500Z.  for  it;  might  have  had,  I  think,  2000Z."— June  17, 1824. 

6.  THE  LIFE  AND  VOYAGES  OF  CHRISTOPHER  COLUM 
BUS,  1828 : 

"  Venient  annis 
Sagcula  seris,  quibus,  Oceanus 
Vincula  rerum  laxet,  et  ingens 
Pateat  tell  us,  Typhisque  novos 
Detegat  Orbes,  nee  sit  terris 
Ultimo  Thule."— SENECA  :  Medea. 

"The  author,  having  resided  for  some  years  past  in  Madrid,  and 
enjoyed  access  to  the  archives  of  the  Spanish  Government,  as  well 
as  to  many  private  Libraries,  has  been  enabled  to  weave  into  this 
Work  many  curious  facts,  hitherto  unknown,  concerning  the  His 
tory  of  Columbus." 

The  existence  of  a  new  world  beyond  the  Atlantic  was 
firmly  believed  by  many  of  the  ancients,  as  is  abundantly 
proved  by  numerous  passages  in  the  classics  : 

"None  of  the  intimations  [remarks  Mr.  Prescott]  are  so  precise 
as  that  contained  in  the  well-known  lines  of  Seneca's  Medea: 

'  Venient  annis  saecula,'  &c. 

Although,  when  regarded  as  a  mere  poetical  vagary,  it  has  not 
the  weight  which  belongs  to  more  serious  suggestions  of  similar 
import,  in  the  writings  of  Aristotle  and  Strabo.  The  various  allu 
sions  in  the  ancient  classic  writers  to  an  undiscovered  world  form 
the  subject  ol  an  elaborate  essay  in  the  Memorias  da  Acad.  Real  das 
Scien§as  de  Lisboa,  (torn.  v.  pp.  101-112,)  and  are  embodied,  hi 
much  greater  detail,  in  the  first  section  of  Humboldt's  Histoire 
de  la  Geographic  du  Nouveau  Continent:  a  work  in  which  the 
author,  with  his  usual  acuteness,  has  successfully  applied  the  vast 
stores  of  his  erudition  and  experience  to  the  illustration  of  many 
interesting  points  connected  with  the  discovery  of  the  New  World 
and  the  personal  history  of  Columbus." — Hist,  of  the  Reign  of 
Ferd.  and  Isabella,  llth  ed.,  Bost.,  1856,  ii.  116-117,  n. 
Mr.  Prescott  remarks  in  the  text: 

"  A  proof  of  this  popular  belief  occurs  in  a  curious  passage  of 
the  Morgante  Maggiore  of  the  Florentine  poet  Pulci,  a  man  of 
letters,  but  not  distinguished  for  scientific  attainments  beyond 
his  day.  The  passage  is  remarkable,  independently  of  the  cosmo- 
graphical  knowledge  it  implies,  for  its  allusion  to  phenomena  in 
I  physical  science  not  established  till  more  than  a  century  later. 


IRV 


IRV 


The  devil,  alluding  to  the  vulgar  supposition  respecting  the  Pillars 
of  Hercules,  thus  addresses  his  companion  Binaldo: 
" '  Know  that  this  theory  is  false :  his  bark 
The  daring  mariner  shall  urge  far  o'er 
The  western  wave,  a  smooth  and  level  plain, 
Albeit  the  earth  is  fashioned  like  a  wheel. 
Man  was  in  ancient  days  of  grosser  mould, 
And  Hercules  might  blush  to  learn  how  far 
Beyond  the  limits  he  had  vainly  set 
The  dullest  sea-boat  soon  shall  wing  her  way. 
Men  shall  descry  another  hemisphere, 
Since  to  one  common  centre  all  things  tend; 
So  earth,  by  curious  mystery  divine, 
Well  balanced,  hangs  amid  the  starry  spheres. 
At  our  Antipodes  are  cities,  states, 
And  thronged  empires,  ne'er  divined  of  yore. 
But  see,  the  Sun  speeds  on  his  western  path 
To  glad  the  nations  with  expected  light.' 

PULCI  :  Morgante  Maggiore,  canto  25,  st.  229,  230." 
"I  have  used  blank  verse  [proceeds  Mr.  Prescott,  in  a  note]  as 
affording  facility  for  a  more  literal  version  than  the  corresponding 
ottava  rima  of  the  original.    This  passage  of  Pulci,  which  has  not 
fallen  under  the  notice  of  Humboldt,  or  any  other  writer  on  the 
same  subject  whom  I  have  consulted,  affords  probably  the  most 
circumstantial  prediction  that  is  to  be  found  of  the  existence  of  a 
western  world.    Dante,  two  centuries  before,  had  intimated  more 
vaguely  his  belief  in  an  undiscovered  quarter  of  the  globe : 
'De'  vostri  sensi  ch'  e  del  rimanente, 
Non  vogliate  negar  1'esperienza, 
Diretro  al  sol,  del  mondo  senza  gente.' 
Inferno,  cant.  26,  v.  115."—  Ubi  supra,  117-118, 118,  n. 
We  happen  to  have  lying  on  our  table  a  notice  of  a 
•work  which  should  not  be  neglected  by  the  collector  of 
American  History,  (a  large  class  among  our  friends  in 
Boston  and  New  York,)  and  which  we  observe  has  not 
escaped  the  researches  of  Mr.  Irving  (Hist,  of  Columbus) 
or  of  Mr.  Prescott,  (Hist,  of  Ferdinand  and  Isabella.)     It 
is  entitled  Raccolta  del   Documento  Originale  e  inediti 
spettante  a  Cristoforo  Colombo  alia  Scoperta  ed  al  Go- 
verno  dell'  America,  Genoa,  1823,  4to.     An   invaluable 
collection  of  authentic  remains,  letters,  memorials,  &c.  of 
the  great  navigator,  with  a  learned  introduction  by  Prof. 
Spotorno. 

An  English  trans,  of  this  work  was  issued  in  the  same 
year  (1  vol.  8vo,  pp.  159  and  255)  in  London.  A  notice 
of  this  collection  will  be  found  in  Rich's  Bibl.  Amer.  Nova, 
ii.  152, 155  ;  N.  Amer.  Rev.,  xviii.  415-417,  April,  1824,  (by 
Jared  Sparks  j)  Ibid.,  xxi.  398-429,  Oct.  1825.  The  Colec- 
cion  de los  Viages  y  Descubrimien tos  de  Don  Martin  Fernan 
dez  de  Navarrete,  Madrid,  1825,  2  vols.  4to,  (3d  vol.,  1829, 
4to,)  to  which  we  have  already  referred,  will  of  course  be 
found  in  the  American  department  of  the  collector's  Library. 
Those  who  are  still  ignorant  of  the  value  of  this  treasury, 
and  the  eminent  services  of  its  erudite  compiler  to  the  im 
portant  cause  of  historical  research,  must  consult  Prescott's 
Mexico,  23d  ed.,  1855,  Pref.,  vi.-vii.;  his  Ferd.  and  Isa 
bella,  llth  ed.,  1856,  Pref.,  v.,  and  vol.  ii.,  133-134,  507,  n. ; 
his  Peru,  ed.  1855,  Pref.,  vi.-vii.,  vol.  ii.,  76 ;  Irving's  Co 
lumbus  and  his  Companions,  ed.  1848,  i.,  Pref.,  13-18,  iii., 
Introduc.,  xv.  See  also  a  review  of  Navarrete's  Colec- 
cion, — written  by  Caleb  Cushing,  of  Massachusetts,  a  ripe 
scholar,— in  the  N.  Amer.  Rev.,  xxiv.  265-294,  April,  1827. 
"His  great  work,  Coleccion  de  los  Viages  y  Descubriinientos," 
remarks  Mr.  Prescott,  "  although  far  from  being  completed  after 
the  original  plan  of  its  author,  is  of  inestimable  service  to  the 
historian."— Pent,  Pref.,  vii. 

Perhaps  we  have  already  lingered  sufficiently  long  on 
the  threshold  of  our.  subject, — the  citation  of   opinions 
respecting  Irving's  History  of  Columbus ;  but  we  must 
not  pass  on  without  commending  to  our  reader  a  notice  in 
the  N.  Amer.  Rev.,  xliii.  43-52,  July,  1836,  (by  J.  L.  Kings- 
ley,)  of  the  Italian  Jesuit  Ubertino  Carrara's  Latin  epic  on 
the   Discovery  of  America,  entitled  Columbus,  first  pub. 
1715,  at  Rome.     The  poet  thus  announces  his  subject : 
"  Primus  ab  Europft,  Solis  qui  viserit  urnam, 
Perque  prophanatum  velis  mare,  maxima  regna 
Regibus  Hispanis.  orbemque  adjecerit  orbi, 
Sit  mihi  materies'operis."— Lib.  i.  1. 
We  recently  cut  the  following  notice  from  some  paper 
of  the  day : 

"  Chart  of  Columbus.— An  old  picture-dealer  has  lately  sold  to 
the  Spanish  Government,  for  4000  fr.,  the  chart  which  the  pilot  of 
Columbus,  Juan  de  la  Cossa,  used  in  his  voyage  to  the  New  World. 
It  was  formerly  in  one  of  the  public  libraries  of  Spain ;  and,  when 
the  galleries  and  churches  of  that  country  were  ravaged  by  Mar 
shal  Soult,  it  fell  into  his  hands,  with  The  Conception,  by  Murillo, 
and  various  other  spoils." 

In  the  adduction  of  opinions  respecting  the  manner  in 
which  Mr.  Irving  has  acquitted  himself  in  the  responsible 
office  of  the  biographer  of  the  Great  Admiral,  with  whom 
can  we  so  properly  begin  as  with  that  eminent  scholar  to 
whose  researches  Mr.  Irving  and  the  world  at  large  are 
so  much  indebted  for  all  that  we  know  of  the  illustrious 
Genoese  ?  And  here  we  are  greatly  pleased  in  being  able 
to  quote  in  evidence  the  most  unqualified  commendation 


of  Mr.  Irving's  labours,  which  eulogy  we  are  the  more 
rejoiced  to  find  from  the  certainty  that  if  the  opinion 
made  as  much  against,  as  it  fortunately  does  for,  the  his 
torian's  reputation,  it  would  not  be  withheld  from  our 
readers.  Our  duty  is  neither  to  bury  Caesars  nor  to  praise 
them,  but  rather  to  faithfully  chronicle  the  recorded  de 
cisions  of  the  great  judges  of  literary  jurisprudence.  M. 
Navarrete  may  well  be  supposed  to  have  entertained  a 
natural  anxiety  that  the  copious  collections  for  the  illus 
tration  of  the  Life  of  Columbus  which  he  had  brought 
together,  at  the  price  of  so  many  days  and  nights  of  per 
severing  industry  and  careful  research,  should  be  faithfully 
made  known  to  those  who  could  only  enjoy  them  in  an 
English  dress.  Indeed,  as  we  have  seen  in  a  preceding 
page,  nothing  more  was  originally  contemplated  by  Mr. 
Everett  than  a  translation  by  Irving  of  Navarrete's  Collec- 
cion.  But,  fortunately  for  the  cause  of  letters,  Mr.  Irving 
determined  upon  a  more  comprehensive  undertaking : 

"  On  considering  the  matter  more  maturely,  [he  remarks,]  I  per 
ceived  that,  although  there  were  many  books,  in  various  languages, 
relative  to  Columbus,  they  all  contained  limited  and  incomplete 
accounts  of  his  life  and  voyages;  while  numerous  valuable  tracts 
on  the  subject  existed  only  in  manuscript  or  in  the  form  of  letters, 
journals,  and  public  muniments.  It  appeared  to  me  that  a  his 
tory  faithfully  digested  from  these  various  materials  was  a  deside 
ratum  in  literature,  and  would  be  a  more  satisfactory  occupation 
to  myself,  and  a  more  acceptable  work  to  my  country,  than  the 
translation  I  had  contemplated."— Madrid,  1827  :  Pref.  to  1st  edit. 
Life  of  Columbia. 

The  work  was  completed,  and  this  decisive  seal  to  its 
excellence  was  impressed  by  the  learned  Navarrete  him 
self: 

'  Yo  me  complazco  en  que  los  documentos  y  noticias  que  public6 
en  mi  coleccion  sobre  los  primeros  acontecimientos  de  la  historia 
de  America  hayan  recaido  en  manos  tan  babiles  para  apreciar  su 
autenticidad,  para  examinarlas  con  critica,  y  propagarlas  por  todos 
partes,  echando  los  fundamentos  de  la  verdad  que  hasta  ahora  hi 
sido  tan  adulterada  por  los  escritores  parciales  6  sistematicos."— 
From  a  letter  dated  Madrid,  April  1,  1831. 

The  same  distinguished  authority,  in  the  Introduction 
to  the  3d  vol.  of  his  Collection  of  Spanish  Voyages,  after 
adducing  a  number  of  testimonials  to  the  usefulness  of  the 
two  first  vols.,  (1825,  4to,)  remarks  : 

"Insigne  prueba  de  esto  mismo  acaba  de  darnos  el  SeBor  Wash 
ington  Irving  en  la  Historia  de  la  Vida  y  de  los  Viages  de  Crist&bal 
Colon  que  ha  publicado  con  una  aceptacion  tan  general  como  bien 
merecida.  Digimos  en  nuestra  introduccion  (1,  g56,  pag.  Ixxxii.) 
que  no  nos  proponiamos  escribir  la  historia  de  aquel  alum-ante, 
sino  publicar  noticias  y  materiales  para  que  se  escribiese  con  vera- 
cidad,  y  es  una  fortuna  que  el  primero  que  se  haya  aprovechado 
de  ellas  sea  un  literato  juicioso  y  erudito,  conocido  ya  en  su  patria  y 
en  Europa  por  otras  obras  apreciables.  Colocado  en  Madrid,  exeuto  de 
las  rivalidades  que  ban  dominadoentrealgunas  naciones  Europeas 
sobre  Colon  y  sus  descubrimientos ;  con  la  proporcion  de  examinar 
excelentes  libros  y  preciosos  manuscritos,  de  tratar  a  personas  in- 
struidas  en  estas  materias,  y  teniendo  siempre  a  la  mano  los  auten- 
ticos  documentos  que  acabamos  de  publicar,  ha  logrado  dar  a  su 
historia  aquella  extension,  imparcialidad,  y  exactitnd  que  la  hacen 
muy  superior  a  las  de  los  escritores  que  le  precedieron.  Agregase 
a  esto,  su  metodico,  arreglo,  y  convenient*  distribucion ;  su  estilo 
animado,  puro,  y  elegante ;  la  noticia  de  varias  personages  que  in- 
tervenieron  de  los  sucesos  de  Colon,  y  el  examen  de  varias  cues- 
tiones  en  que  luce  siempre  la  mas  sana  critica,  la  erudicion  y  buen 
gusto."— Prologo  al  tomo  iii,,  Madrid,  1829,  4to. 

It  is  proper  that  we  should  next  quote  the  verdict  of 
Mr.  Alexander  H.  Everett, — so  intimately  connected  with 
the  inception  of  this  great  enterprise, — one  of  the  ripest 
scholars  that  America  has  yet  produced,  and  a  critic  of 
too  much  candour  to  permit  his  own  interest  in  the  work 
or  his  friendship  for  the  author  to  either  influence  his 
judgment  or  qualify  its  expression  : 

"  This  is  one  of  those  works  which  are  at  the  same  time  the 
delight  of  readers  and  the  despair  of  critics.  It  is  as  nearly  per 
fect  as  any  work  well  can  be;  and  there  is  therefore  little  or 
nothing  left  for  the  reviewer  but  to  write  at  the  bottom  of  every 
page,  as  Voltaire  said  he  should  be  obliged  to  do  if  he  published 
a  commentary  on  Racine,  Pulchre!  bene!  optime!  ...  He  has  at 
length  filled  up  the  void  that  before  existed,  in  this  respect,  in  the 
literature  of  the  world,  and  produced  a  work  which  will  fully 
satisfy  the  public  and  supersede  the  necessity  of  any  future 
labours  in  the  same  field.  While  we  venture  to  predict  that  the 
adventures  of  Columbus  will  hereafter  be  read  only  in  the  work 
of  Mr.  Irving,  we  cannot  but  think  it  a  beautiful  coincidence 
that  the  task  of  duly  celebrating  the  achievements  of  the  disco 
verer  of  our  continent  should  have  been  reserved  for  one  of  its 
inhabitants;  and  that  the  earliest  professed  author  of  first-rate 
talent  who  appeared  among  us  should  have  devoted  one  of  his 
most  important  and  finished  works  to  this  pious  purpose. 
'  Such  honors  Ilion  to  her  hero  paid, 
And  peaceful  slept  the  mighty  Hector's  shade.' 
For  the  particular  kind  of  historical  writing  in  which  Mr.  Irving 
is  fitted  to  labor  and  excel,  the  Life  of  Columbus  is  undoubtedly 
oue  of  the  very  best— perhaps  we  might  say,  without  the  fear  of 
mistake,  the  very  best— subject  afforded  by  the  annals  of  the  world. 
...  In  treating  this  happy  and  splendid  subject,  Mr.  Irving  has 
brought  out  the  full  force  of  his  genius,  as  far  as  a  just  regard  for 
the  principles  of  historical  writing  would  admit." — N.  Amer.  JRev., 
xxviii.  103,  128,  129,  Jan.  1829. 

The  verdict  of  the  brilliant  historian  of  the  Reign  of 

941 


IRV 


IRV 


Ferdinand  and  Isabella — who  has  so  greatly  distinguished 
himself  by  his  researches  in  the  same  field  of  historical 
investigation   as   that   in   which   Mr.  Irving   gleaned   so 
abundant  a  harvest — must  have  been  awaited  by  the  latter  ( 
with  no  little  anxiety.     In  a  notice  of  the  publication  of 
the  Coleccion  of  Senor  Navarrete,  to  which  we  have  fre-  : 
quently  referred,  Mr.  Prescott  remarks  : 

"  Fortunately,  Mr.  Irving's  visit  to  Spain  at  this  period  enabled 
the  world  to  derive  the  full  benefit,  of  SeSor  Navarrete's  researches, 
by  presenting  their  results  in  connexion  with  whatever  had  been  • 
before  known  of  Columbus,  in  the  lucid  and  attractive  form  which 
engages  the  interest  of  every  reader.  It  would  seem  highly  proper 
that  the  fortunes  of  the  discoverer  of  America  should  engage  the 
pen  of  an  inhabitant  of  her  most  favoured  and  enlightened  region  ; 
and  it  is  unnecessary  to  add,  that  the  task  has  been  executed  in 
a  manner  which  must  secure  to  the  historian  a  share  in  the  im 
perishable  renown  of  his  subject." — Ferd.  and  Isabella,  llth  ed. 
1856,  ii.  133. 

"  It  is  not  necessary  to  pursue  the  track  of  the  illustrious  voya 
ger  whose  career,  forming  the  most  brilliant  episode  to  the  history 
of  the  present  reign,  has  been  so  recently  traced  by  a  hand  which 
few  will  care  to  follow."— Ibid.,  ii.  465-466.  See  also  482-483,  n. 

"The  noblest  monument  to  the  memory  of  Columbus." — Ibid., 
ii.  509. 

"  I  will  only  remark,  in  conclusion  of  this  too  prolix  discussion 
about  myself,  that,  while  making  my  tortoise-like  progress,  I  saw 
what  1  had  fondly  looked  upon  as  my  own  ground  (having  indeed 
lain  unmolested  by  any  other  invader  for  so  many  ages)  suddenly 
entered,  and  in  part  occupied,  by  one  of  my  countrymen.  I  allude 
to  Mr.  Irving's  History  of  Columbus  and  Chronicle  of  Granada; 
the  subjects  of  which,  although  covering  but  a  small  part  of  miy 
whole  plan,  form  certainly  two  of  its  most  brilliant  portions.  Now, 
alas !  if  not  devoid  of  interest,  they  are  at  least  stripped  of  the 
charm  of  novelty.  For  what  eye  has  not  been  attracted  to  the 
spot  on  which  the  light  of  that  writer's  genius  has  fallen?" — Ibid., 
i.,  Pref.,  xi.-xii. 

In  his  Preface  to  the  History  of  the  Conquest  of  Mexico, 
Mr.  Prescott,  referring  to  the  passage  just  quoted,  notices 
it  as  a  "singular  chance,"  that,  after  collecting  the  mate 
rials  for  his  last-named  work,  he  found  himself  "  uncon 
sciously  taking  up  ground  which  Mr.  Irving  was  preparing 
to  occupy."  But  we  have  already  noticed  this  fact  in  our 
Life  of  CHARLES  JAMES  Fox,  p.  624  of  this  Dictionary,  to 
which  the  reader  is  referred.  We  had  intended  to  quote 
other  comments  of  Mr.  Prescott's  upon  Irving's  History 
of  Columbus,  but,  as  our  article  already  lengthens  beyond 
our  intended  limits,  we  must  be  content  to  refer  the  reader 
to  the  Preface  to  Mexico,  ix.,  x. ;  Ibid.,  iii.  252,  n. ;  Pres 
cott's  review  of  Irving's  Chronicle  of  the  Conquest  of 
Granada,  in  N.  Amer.  Rev.,  xxix.  293-314,  Oct.  1829.  See 
also  W.  H.  Gardiner's  review  of  Prescott's  Ferd.  and  Isa 
bella,  in  N.  Amer.  Rev.,  xlvi.  203-291,  Jan.  1838,— Pres 
cott  and  Irving  Compared,  <fec. 

We  proceed  with  our  quotations ;  but  they  must  be  brief: 
"This  is  on  the  whole  an  excellent  book;  and  we  venture  to 
anticipate  that  it  will  be  an  enduring  one.  Neither  do  we  hazard 
this  prediction  lightly,  or  without  a  full  consciousness  of  all  it  im 
plies.  .  . .  For  we  mean,  not  merely  that  the  book  will  be  familiarly 
known  and  referred  to  some  twenty  or  thirty  years  hence,  and  will 
pass  in  solid  binding  into  every  considerable  collection  ;  but  that 
it  will  supersede  all  former  works  on  the  same  subject,  and  never 
be  itself  superseded." — LORD  JEFFREY:  Edin.  Rev.,  xlviii.  1-32, 
Sept.  1828. 

"  When  he  writes  the  history  of  Columbus,  you  see  him  weigh 
ing  doubtful  facts  in  the  scales  of  a  golden  criticism.  You  behold 
him  laden  with  the  manuscript  treasures  of  well-searched  archives, 
and  disposing  the  heterogeneous  materials  into  a  well-digested  and 
instructive  narration."— EDWARD  EVERETT  :  N.  Amer.  Rev.,  xli.  5. 
July,  1835. 

"This  work  is  written  with  the  attractions  of  style  and  taste 
and  glowing  description,  which  belong  to  the  inspiration  of  the 
theme,  and  to  the  genius  of  the  distinguished  author."— CHAN 
CELLOR  KENT. 

"A  life  of  Columbus  authentic,  clear,  and  animated  in  narra 
tion,  graphic  in  its  descriptive  episodes,  and  sustained  and  finished 
in  style.  It  is  a  permanent  contribution  to  English  as  well  as 
American  literature ;  one  which  was  greatly  needed  and  most  ap 
propriately  supplied."— HENRY  T.  TUCKERMAN  :  Sketch  of  Amer.  Lit 
"  Since  I  have  been  here,  I  have  contrived  (by  reading  a  half 
hour  in  the  night  and  a  half-hour  in  the  morning)  to  peruse  the 
whole  of  Irving's  Life  of  Columbus,  in  three  volumes.  It  is  quite 
an  interesting  work,  though  I  think  too  much  spread  out  by  repe 
tition  of  the  same  thoughts  and  descriptions.  It  is  in  all  respects 
however,  reputable  to  the  literature  of  our  country."— J  UDGE 
STORY  :  Letter  to  Wm.  W.  Story,  Washington,  Feb.  21,  1836. 

JudgQ  Story's  comment  reminds  us  of  a  similar  one 
recorded  by  Tom  Moore,  and  Cooper's  ready  retort : 

"  When  Rogers,  in  talking  of  Washington  Irving's  Columbus 
said,  in  his  dry,  significant  way,  '  It's  rather  long,'  Cooper  turned 
round  on  him,  and  said,  sharply,  'That's  a  short  criticism'" — 
JUoore's  Diary,  May  27, 1828. 

"  Davison  mentioned  the  enormous  price  given  by  Murray  fo 
Irving's  two  last  works ;  3000  guineas  for  Columbus,  and  2000Z.  fo 
the  Chronicles  of  Granada ;  the  latter  never  likely,  he  said,  to  sel 
at  all."— Ibid.,  July  16,  1829. 

"  It  is  true  that  for  Murray  (according  to  his  own  account)  thej 

have  not  been  so  fortunate ;  his  loss  on  the  two  publications  beim 

(as  he  says)  near  3000Z.,  which  may  not  be  far  from  the  truth,  a 

the  Chronicles  have  not  sold  at  all." — Ibid.,  Nov.  12, 1829. 

"By  the  accession  of  his  volumes,  we  have  now  the  biographj 


of  Columbus;  as  by  Robertson's  [History  of  America]  i 
had,  and  still  have,  the  history.  Mr.  Irving' s  has  been  to  me  a  very 
interesting  production,  sometimes  marked  with  passages  of  great 
force  and  beauty ;  and  it  contains  every  thing  respecting  Columbus 
that  can  be  wanted.  He  has  had  valuable  sources  of  information, 
which  he  describes,  and  which  were  not  within  the  reach  of  Ro 
bertson.  Still,  his  volumes  only  show,  as  usual,  the  merits  of 
Robertson.  Upon  looking  over  the  historian's  account  once  more, 
I  see  no  mistakes,  and  no  material  omissions :  in  a  concise  and 
calm  manner  every  particxilar  of  importance  is  intimated  to  the 
reader;  and  Mr.  Irving  has  only  told  in  the  detail  (but  in  a  very 
interesting  and  agreeable  manner,  and  I  recommend  bis  volumes 
to  you)  what  our  excellent  historian  had  told  before." — Prof. 
Smyth's  Lects.  on  Mod.  Hist. 

There  is  another  comparison  between  Robertson  and 

Irving  which  it  occurs  to  us  to  quote.     It  is  one  drawn 

~y  Lord   Brougham  in  his  Life  of  Dr.  Robertson,  and 

licited  by  the  account  of  the  latter,  in  his   History  of 

America,  of  the  first  discovery  of  land  by  Columbus : 

"  If  the  word  dramatic,"  remarks  his  lordship, "  has  been  applied 
o  this  narrative,  it  has  been  advisedly  chosen ;  because  no  one 
an  doubt  that  with  the  most  scrupulous  regard  to  the  truth,  and 
ven  to  the  minute  accuracy  of  his  history,  this  composition  has 
11  the  beauties  of  a  striking  poem.  To  judge  of  its  merits  in  this 
respect,  I  will  not  compare  or  rather  contrast  it  with  the  Histories 
f  Oviedo  or  Herrera,  or  Ferdinand  Columbus,  or  even  with  the 
ar  better  composition  of  Dr.  Campbell,  or  whoever  wrote  the  his- 
x>ry  of  the  discovery  in  Harris's  Bibliotheca  Itinerarium,  nor  yet 
ith  the  ambitious  but  worse-written  narrative  of  Mr.  Washing- 
x>n  Irving  in  his  Life  and  Voyages  of  Columbus,"  &c. 

The  noble  critic  then  proceeds  (in  a  note)  to  quote  ex 
amples  from  both  writers : 

"  It  is  no  part  of  my  intention  to  underrate  the  merits  of  this 
rery  popular  author :  but  I  speak  of  the  manner  in  which  he  has 
;reated  the  subject;  and,  coming  after  so  great  a  master,  it  was 
not  judicious  in  him  to  try  for  effect,  instead  of  studying  the 
chaste  simplicity  of  his  predecessor.  These  are  a  few  of  his  ex 
pressions:  The  ships 'were  ploughing  the  waves;'  Columbus  was 
wrapped  in  the  shades  of  night;'  he  'maintained  an  intense 
ratch ;'  he  '  ranged  his  eye  along  the  dusky  horizon ;'  he  beheld 
suddenly  a  glimmering  light.'  Robertson  had  never  thought  of 
saying  '  suddenly,' as  knowing  that  light  must  of  necessity  be 
sudden.  Then  the  light  has  'passing  gleams;'  his  feelings  'must 
have  been  tumultuous  and  intense;'  contrary  to  the  fact,  and  to 
the  character  of  the  man ;  '  the  great  mystery  of  the  ocean  was 
revealed  ;'  '  what  a  bewildering  crowd  of  conjectures  thronged  on 
Ms  mind!'  All  this  speculation  of  the  writer  to  insure  the  effect, 
Dr.  Robertson  rejects  as  fatal  to  effect,  and  gives  only  what  actually 
happened.  Finally,  he  was  possibly  to  find  '  the  morning  dawn 
upon  spicy  groves,  and  glittering  fanes,  and  gilded  cities.'  Surely 
no  one  can  hesitate  which  of  the  two  pictures  to  prefer.  If  the 
one  is  not  absolutely  tawdry,  the  other  is  assuredly  more  chaste. 
To  compare  the  two  pieces  of  workmanship  is  a  good  lesson,  and 
may  tend  to  cure  a  vitiated  taste,  (Book  iii.  Chap.  3.)  To  take  only 
one  instance:  'About  two  hours  before  midnight,  Columbus, 
standing  on  the  forecastle,  observed  a  light  at  a  distance,  and 
privately  pointed  it  out  to  Pedro,'  &c.  Thus  Robertson.  Irving 
says,  'Wrapped  from  observation  in  the  shades  of  night,  he  main 
tained  an  intense  and  Unremitting  watch,  ranging  his  eye  along 
the  dusky  horizon.  Suddenly,  about  ten  o'clock,  he  thought  he 
beheld  a  light  glimmering  at  a  distance.'  Can  any  one  doubt 
which  of  the  two  passages  is  the  most  striking, — the  chaste  and 
severe,  or  the  ornamented  and  gaudy  and  meretricious?  The 
account  of  Robertson  makes  the  ships  lie-to  all  night.  Irving 
either  makes  them  lie-to,  and  afterwards  go  on  sailing  rapidly ; 
or  the  lying-to  was  the  night  before,  and  they  sailed  quicker  the 
nearer  they  came  to  land  and  in  the  dusk.  The  one  makes  them 
only  see  the  shore  after  dawn ;  the  other  makes  them  see  it  two 
leagues  off,  in  a  dark  night,  at  two  in  the  morning,  within  the 
tropics." — Lives  of  Men  of  Letters  of  the  Time  of  George  HI.,  Lon. 
and  Glasg.,  1855,  265,  265-266,  n.  See  a  criticism  on  this  critique 
in  the  Boston  Christian  Review,  xv.  203. 

See  also  Lon.  Month.  Rev.,  cxv.  419,  cxxiv.  244;  Lon. 
Lit.  Gaz.,  1828,  65-67;  Amer.  Quar.  Rev.,  iii.  173,  ix.  163  j 
South.  Rev.,  ii.  1,  vii.  214;  South.  Lit.  Mess.,  vi.  569; 
Phila.  Mus.  of  For.  Lit,,  xiii.  23,  from  Lon.  Weekly  Rev. 
7.  CHRONICLE  OF  THE  CONQUEST  OP  GRANADA,  FROM 
THE  MSS.  OF  FRAY  ANTONIO  AGAPIDA,  1829. 

Perhaps  we  need  hardly  inform  our  readers  that  the 
worthy  chronicler  Fray  is  an  imaginary  personage. 

"Mr.  Irving's  late  publication,  the  Chronicle  of  the  Conquest  of 
Granada,  has  superseded  all  further  necesssity  for  poetry,  and.  un 
fortunately  for  me,  for  history.  He  has  fully  availed  himself  of 
all  the  picturesque  and  animating  movements  of  this  romantic 
era;  and  the  reader  who  will  take  the  trouble  to  compare  his 
Chronicle  with  the  present  more  prosaic  and  literal  narrative 
[War  of  Granada,  in  Ferd.  and  Isabella]  will  see  how  little  he  has 
been  seduced  from  historic  accuracy  by  the  poetical  aspect  of  his 
subject.  The  fictitious  and  romantic  dress  of  his  work  has  enabled 
him  to  make  it  the  medium  for  reflecting  more  vividly  the  floating 
opinions  and  chimerical  fancies  of  the  age,  while  he  has  illumi 
nated  the  picture  with  the  dramatic  brilliancy  of  colouring  denied 
to  sober  history."— Prescott's  Ferd.  and  Isabella,  llth  ed.,  1856,  ii. 
109,  n. 

And  see  Mr.  Prescott's  review  of  the  Chronicle,  in  N. 
Amer.  Rev.,  xxix.  293-314;  also  in  his  Miscellanies,  1855, 
88-122. 

"  A  few  works  recently  published  in  the  United  States  have  shed 
far  more  light  [than  Robertson's  Charles  V.  and  Watson's  Philip 
II.]  on  the  interior  organization  and  intellectual  culture  of  the 
Spanish  nation.  Such,  for  example,  are  the  writings  of  Irving, 
whose  gorgeous  colouring  reflects  so  clearly  the  chivalrous  splen- 


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dours  of  the  fifteenth  century."— Ibid.,  Miscett.,  125-126,  $.v.; 
(from  N.  Amer.  Rev.,  July,  1837.) 

Since  Mr.  Prescott's  commendation  was  penned,  the 
Chronicle  has  been  brought  more  strictly  within  historical 
bounds,  and  in  other  respects  also  greatly  improved. 

"  His  Chronicle,  at  times,  wears  almost  the  air  of  romance ;  yet 
the  story  is  authenticated  by  frequent  reference  to  existing  docu 
ments,  proving  that  he  has  substantial  foundation  for  his  most 
extraordinary  incidents." — Lon.  Quar.  Rev.,  xliii.  55-80. 

This  article,  explanatory  of  the  work,  and  carefully 
avoiding  commendation,  was  written  for  the  Quarterly  by 
Mr.  Irving,  at  the  request  of  Mr.  John  Murray.  See  also 
Lon.  Month.  Rev.,  cxix.  430 ;  Amer.  Month.  Rev.,  v.  190 ; 
Lon.  Lit.  Gaz.,  1829,  329. 

8.  VOYAGES  OF  THE  COMPANIONS  OF  COLUMBUS,  1831. 
See  Lon.  Month.  Rev.,  N.  S.,  xvi.  244  ;  Lon.  Gent.  Mag., 

1831,  Pt.  1,  143;  Prescott's  Conq.  of  Peru,  ed.  1855,  i. 
198,  n. 

9.  THE  ALHAMBRA,  1832. 

"  On  the  whole,  we  consider  the  work  before  us  as  equal  in  lite 
rary  value  to  any  of  the  others  of  the  same  class,  with  the  excep 
tion  of  The  Sketch-Book ;  and  we  should  not  be  surprised  if  it 
•were  read  as  extensively  as  even  that  very  popular  production. 
We  hope  to  have  it  in  our  power,  at  no  remote  period,  to  announce 
a  continuation  of  the  series,  which  we  are  satisfied  will  bear,  in 
the  booksellers'  phrase,  several  more  volumes." — EDWARD  EVERETT  : 
JV.  Amer.  Rev.  xxxv.  265-282,  Oct.  1832. 

A  very  suggestive  remark  occurs  in  the  course  of  this 
review,  which  we  quote  with  the  hope  that  it  will  bring 
forth  fruit  in  its  season  : 

"  The  period  of  the  Moorish  ascendency  is,  perhaps,  the  most 
interesting  in  the  annals  of  Spain,  and  would  furnish  a  fit  subject 
for  a  more  methodical,  extensive,  and  elaborate  historical  descrip 
tion  than  has  yet  been  given  of  it  in  any  language." 

Since  the  above  was  written,  Mr.  Prescott,  indeed,  has 
given  us  his  truly  great  work  on  the  Reign  of  Ferdinand 
and  Isabella,  in  which  we  have  a  graphic  account  of  the 
decadence — or,  more  properly  speaking,  the  extirpation — 
of  the  Moorish  power  in  Spain ;  and  he  has  not  neglected 
eloquently  to  dilate  upon  the  ancient  glories  of  Cordova, 
Seville,  and  Granada  in  their  best  estate ;  but  it  did  not 
enter  into  his  plan  to  discuss  this  comprehensive  theme 
in  the  extent  which  can  alone  do  it  justice.  With  the 
vast  collections  which  he  has  already  made,  the  profound 
knowledge  of  the  subject  which  the  digestion  of  those 
materials  has  conferred,  and  the  eloquence  and  force  of 
his  historic  pen,  what  better  subject  can  Mr.  Prescott  have 
than  the  one  we  have  ventured  to  suggest  ?  But,  before 
we  entirely  forget  Mr.  Irving  in  this  episode,  we  must 
remember  to  notice  that,  whilst  Mr.  Everett  ranks  The  Al- 
hambra  below  The  Sketch-Book,  Mr.  Prescott  very  happily 
refers  to  the  volume  as  the  "beautiful  Spanish  Sketch 
book,  The  Alhambra."  See  Ferd.  and  Isabella,  llth  ed., 
1856,  ii.  100,  n.  See  other  reviews  of  The  Alhambra,  in 
the  Westminster  Rev.,  xvii.  132:  Lon.  Athen.,  1832,  283; 
Amer.  Month.  Rev.,  ii.  117.  We  must  commend  to  the 
attention  of  those  fond  of  the  remains  of  Moorish  anti 
quity,  the  splendid  publication  of  Owen  Jones,  1842-45 
2  vols.  fol.  Columbia,  £24,  or  in  grand  eagle  fol.,  £36 
entitled  Illustrations  of  the  Palace  of  the  Alhambra. 

Doubtless  the  reader  of  Mr.  Irving's  thrilling  account 
of  his  midnight  explorations  of  the  Alhambra  has  often, 
asked  himself,  "How  much  of  this  is  sober  matter  of  fact, 
and  how  much  poetical  license  ?"  We  are  fortunately  en 
abled  to  answer  this  question  from  a  letter  of  Mr.  Irving 
to  the  author  of  this  Dictionary  : 

"The  account  of  my  midnight  rambles  about  the  old  palace  is 
literally  true,  yet  gives  but  a  feeble  idea  of  my  feelings  and  im 
pressions  and  of  the  singular  haunts  I  was  exploring.  Every  thing 
in  the  work  relating  to  myself  and  to  the  actual  inhabitants  of  thi 
Alhambra  is  unexaggerated  fact :  it  was  only  in  the  legends  tha 

1  indulged  in  romancing;   and  these  were  founded  on  materials 
picked  up  about  the  place. 

"  To  S.  AUSTIN  ALLIBONB.  Sunnyside,  Nov.  2, 1857." 

10.  A  TOUR  ON  THE  PRAIRIES,  1835. 

"To  what  class  of  compositions  the  present  work  belongs  we  are 
hardly  able  to  say.  It  can  scarcely  be  called  a  book  of  travels,  for 
there  is  too  much  painting  of  manners  and  scenery,  and  too  little 
statistics ;  it  is  not  a  novel,  for  there  is  no  story ;  and  it  is  not  a 
romance,  for  it  is  all  true.  It  is  a  sort  of  sentimental  journey,  i 
romantic  excursion,  in  which  nearly  all  the  elements  of  severa 
different  kinds  of  writing  are  beautifully  and  gaily  blended  into 
a  production  almost  sui  generis.  .  .  .  We  are  not  sure  that  the  pas 
sage  in  the  book  which  we  have  read  with  greatest  satisfaction  is 
not  that  in  which  we  are  promised  its  continuation." — EDWARD 
EVERETT  :  N.  Amer.  Rev.,  xli.  1-28,  July,  1835. 

See  also  Dubl.  Univ.  Mag.,  v.  555 ;  and  see  reviews  oi 
The  Crayon  Miscellany,  in  South.  Lit.  Mess.,  i.  646 
South.  Lit.  Jour.,  i.  8. 

11.  ASTORIA,  Lon.,  1836,  3  vols.  cr.  8vo ;  Phila.,  1836 

2  vols.  8vo.     See  Rich's  Bibl.  Amer.  Nova,  ii.  283.     In 
French,  trans,  by  P.  N.  Grolier,  1839,  2  vols.  8vo. 

«*  The  whole  work  bears  the  impress  of  Mr.  Irving's  taste.    A 


great  variety  of  somewhat  discordant  materials  is  brought  into  a 
onsistent  whole,  of  which  the  parts  have  a  due  reference  to  each 
ther;  and  some  sketches  of  life  and  traits  of  humour  come  fresh 
rom  the  pen  of  Geoffrey  Crayon." — EDWARD  EVERETT  :  N.  Amer. 

Rev.,  xliv.  200-237,  Jan.  1837. 
"I  have  read  Astoria  with  great  pfcasure:  it  is  a  book  to  put  in 

your  library,  as  an  entertaining,  well-written — very  well-written 

— account  of  savage  life,  on  a  most  extensive  scale.    Ellice,  who 

has  just  come  from  America,  says  Mr.  Astor  is  worth  £5,000,000 
terling;  but  Baring  does  ncVbelieve  it,  or  is  jealous  perhaps."— 

Rev.  Sydney  Smith  to  Sir  George  Philips,  Combe  Foley,  Bee.  22, 
836:  Smith's  Letters  and  Corresp.,  1855,  vol.  ii. 
"The  narrative,  though  told  with  the  grace  of  the  writer,  is 

necessarily  dry."— Blackw.  Mag.,  xli.  169,  Feb.  1837,  q.  v. 

We  must  not  omit  to  quote  the  following  well-merited 
ribute  to  a  gentleman  who,  by  his  extensive  circulation 
>f  sound  literature  for  many  years  both  in  Europe  and 
America,  has  honestly  earned  the  title  of  a  benefactor  to 
,he  public  mind.  We  refer  to  Mr.  Irving's  friend  and 

publisher,  Mr.  George  P.  Putnam,  of  New  York : 
"  We  notice  Astoria  and  the  Tour  on  the  Prairies  now,  only  on 

account  of  their  connection  with  our  subject,  and  to  commend  the 
aste  and  enterprise  of  the  publisher  who  has  given  to  the  read- 
ng  world  what  has  long  been  wanted,— a  neat  and  uniform  edition 
of  all  the  writings  of  Mr.  Irving,  at  a  price  which  ought  to  obtain 
for  them  a  wide  circulation.  These  two  works,  which  have  all  the 
pleasing  characteristics  of  the  author's  style,  appear  very  season- 
ibly  in  a  new  edition." — PROF.  FRANCIS  BOWEN  :  Adventures  on  the 
Prairies,  in  N.  Amer.  Rev.,  Ixix.  175-196,  July,  1849. 

We  have  not  the  slightest  interest  in  the  gains  or  losses 
of  Mr.  Putnam's  copy-rights,  but  we  have  much  in  the 
moral  and  intellectual  cultivation  of  the  mind  and  heart 
of  our  countrymen  and  countrywomen,  and  therefore,  as 
Lord  Chesterfield  said  of  the  witty  scintillations  of  the 
Dean  of  St.  Patrick's,  "  He  that  hath  any  books  in  the 
three  kingdoms  hath  those  of  Swift,"  so  say  we,  He  that 
hath  any  books  in  this  great  republic  should  have  those  of 
Irving.  As  for  those  who  have  no  books, — if  any  such 
there  be, — in  that  household  you  may  look  for  ennui, 
mental  and  physical  languor,  gossiping,  dissipation,  and 
"every  evil  work."  As  Sancho  Panza  conferred  his 
hearty  benediction  upon  the  philanthropic  inventor  of 
sleep,  so  do  we  cordially  revere  the  character  of  the  lite 
rary  Howard  who  founded  the  first  family  library.  Of 
Sancho's  favourite  recreation  he  could  only  say,  in  the 
height  of  his  somniferous  paean,  that  it  "covered  a  man 
like  a  mantle ;"  but  of  good  books  we  can  testify  that  they 
nurture  the  soul  with  the  food  of  angels. 

But  "  to  proceed  with  our  subject,"  as  the  divines  say, 
which  has  "naturally  divided  itself"  into  a  hydra-headed 
discourse :  other  reviews  of  Astoria  will  be  found  in  the 
Westminster  Rev.,  xxvi.  318  j  Amer.  Quar.  Rev.,  xxi.  60  j 
South.  Lit.  Mess.,  iii.  59.  See  also  Franchere's  Narrative 
of  a  Voyage  to  the  Northwest  Coast  of  America,  in  1811- 
14,  trans,  into  English  by  J.  V.  Huntingdon,  N.  York, 
1854, 12mo.  This  work  contains  comments  upon  some  of 
the  statements  in  Irving's  Astoria. 

12.  THE  ADVENTURES  OF  CAPTAIN  BONNEVILLE,  Lon. 
and  Phila..  1837,  2  vols.  12mo. 

"  Washington  Irving,  after  gleaning  the  romance  of  Europe,  is 
now  iudefatigably  labouring  at  the  romance  of  America." — Blackw. 
Mag.,  xlii.  64-67,  July,  1837. 

"  These  volumes  are  full  of  exciting  incident,  and,  by  reason  of 
Mr.  Irving's  fine  taste  and  attractive  style,  they  possess  the  power 
and  the  charms  of  romance."— CHANCELLOR  KENT. 

13.  OLIVER  GOLDSMITH  :  A  BIOGRAPHY,  N.  York,  1849, 
12mo.     This  work  we  have  already  noticed  in  our  Lives 
of  JOHN  FORSTER  and  OLIVER  GOLDSMITH,  in  this  Dic 
tionary.     See  also  Lon.  Athen.,  1849,  1151-1152. 

14.  MAHOMET  AND  HIS  SUCCESSORS,  1850,  2  vols.  12mo. 
See  N.  Amer.  Rev.,  Ixxi.  273 ;  N.  York  Church  Rev.,  iii. 
401 ;  South.  Quar.  Rev.,  xx.  173. 

15.  WOLFERT'S   ROOST,  1855,  12mo.     This  vol.  forma 
No.  4  of  Constable's   Miscellany  of  Foreign   Literature, 
pub.  at  Edinburgh.     The  publication  of  this  vol.  elicited 
so  many  complimentary  notices,  that  the  New  York  pub 
lishers,  Messrs.  Geo.  P.  Putnam  &  Co.,  issued  a  collection 
of  them  in  pamphlet  form  of  24  pages.     This  little  bro 
chure  should  accompany  every  set  of  Irving's  works.    We 
give  an  extract  from  a  notice  which  has  escaped  the  vigi 
lance  of  the  publisher  : 

"We  envy  those  who  will  now  read  these  tales  and  sketches  of 
character  for  the  first  time.  Washington  Irving  is  here,  as  he 
always  is,  equal  to  himself.  He  has  the  finish  of  our  best  writers ; 
he  has  the  equality  and  gentle  humour  of  Addison  and  Gold 
smith."—  Westminster  Rev.,  April,  1855. 

Another  complimentary  notice,  also  not  in  the  pamphlet 
just  referred  to,  appeared  in  the  Lon.  New  Monthly  Maga 
zine,  and  was  copied  into  the  Boston  Living  Age  for  Aug. 
11,  1855.  From  a  review  of  Wolfert's  Roost,  in  the  Lon. 
Athenaeum,  1855,  192-193,  we  have  already  given  an  ex 
tract  in  our  article  on  Ralph  Waldo  Bmerson,  to  which 
the  reader  is  referred. 

043 


IRV 


IRV 


16.  THE  LIFE  OF  GEORGE  WASHINGTON,  N.York,  vol.  i., 
1855;  vols.  ii.,  iii.,  1856;  iv.,  1857.  See  ante. 

We  have  before  us  a  number  of  eulogistic  reviews  of 
the  early  vols.  of  this  as  yet  unfinished  history ;  but  it  is 
obvious  that  a  productiqp  of  this  character  must  be  re 
garded  as  a  whole,  and  that  no  intelligent,  impartial  criti 
cism  can  be  expected  until  those  among  us  learned  in 
historic  lore  shall  have  had  opportunity  to  sit  in  judgment 
upon  a  completed  work,  and  compare  accredited  "  State- 
Paper"  documents  with  the  biographer's  charming  story. 
That  such  verdict  will  be  a  favourable  one,  Mr.  Irving's 
well-known  conscientiousness  as  a  historian  forbids  us  to 
doubt.  In  the  mean  time,  there  can  be  no  impropriety  in 
our  remarking  that  the  biographer  has  well  merited  the 
gratitude  of  his  countrymen  for  transporting  the  illustrious 
commander  from  the  learned  austerity  of  the  Senate- 
Chamber,  and  the  chilling  dignity  of  Congressional  Li 
braries,  to  the  domestic  familiarity  of  the  parlour  and  the 
winter-evening  fireside  of  the  cottage.  Reviews  of  the 
early  vols.  of  the  Life  of  Washington  will  be  found, — of 
vol.  i.,  in  Westminster  Rev.,  Oct.  1855;  vol.  iii.,  Ibid.,  Oct. 
1856;  vols.  L,  ii.,  iii.,  Lon.  Athenaeum,  Aug.  16,  1856;  i., 
ii.,  iii.,  N.  Amer.  Rev.,  July,  1856. 

As  every  thing  concerning  Washington  Irving  may  be 
presumed  to  be  interesting  to  the  reader,  we  quote  the 
following  genealogical  scrap  from  Dennistoun's  Memoirs 
of  Sir  Robert  Strange : 

"  John  of  Irwyn  had  landed  possessions  in  the  parish  of  Holm, 
In  Orkney,  in  1438,  when  the  county  was  still  an  appanage  of  the 
crown  of  Denmark  and  Norway.  The  Irvines  of  Sebay  are  very 
frequently  mentioned  in  the  times  of  Robert  and  Patrick  Stewart, 
Earls  of  Orkney,  and  suffered  very  severely  from  the  outrages  of 
these  rapacious  nobles.  They  became  extinct  in  the  direct  male 
\\netempore  Charles  I.;  but  one  collateral  branch  had  immediately 
before  settled  in  the  island  of  Sanday,  and  another,  the  Irvines 
of  Gairstay,  in  the  island  of  Shapinshay.  They  lost  the  estate  of 
Gairstay  several  generations  back,  and  sank  down  into  the  condi 
tion  of  mere  peasants,  tenants  of  Quhome,  where  some  of  them 
reside  at  this  day.  I  was  there  lately  with  Mr.  Balfour.  the  pro 
prietor  of  Shapinshay,  who  pointed  out  the  old  and  modest  house 
at  Quhome  where  was  born  William  Irvine,  father  of  Washington 
Irving.  Is  it  not  somewhat  singular  that  Sir  Robert  Strange  and 
the  author  of  Bracebridge  Hall  can  be  almost  demonstrated  of  the 
same  blood?  I  guess  if  Irving  knew  his  pedigree  could  be  traced 
step  by  step  up  to  John  Erwyn  of  1438,  he  would  readily  claim 
and  vindicate  his  Orcadian  descent." 

In  addition  to  the  authorities  quoted  in  the  course  of 
this  article,  see  also  Homes  of  American  Authors ;  Gris- 
wold's  Prose  Writers  of  America;  Duyckincks'  Cyc.  of 
Amer.  Lit. ;  Sketch  of  Irving,  by  H.  T.  Tuckerman  ;  Miss 
Bremer's  Impressions  of  America ;  Madden's  Life  of  the 
Countess  of  Blessington  ;  H.  B.  Wallace's  Literary  Criti 
cisms  ;  Edin.  Rev.,  Ixi.  23 ;  Blackw.  Mag.,  xiv.  564  ;  Era 
ser's  Mag.,  iv.  435,  xii.  409 ;  South.  Quar.  Rev.,  viii.  69 ; 
South.  Lit.  Mess.,  viii.  275  :  Amer.  Whig.  Rev.,  xii.  602, 
(by  J.  B.  Cobb;)  Democrat.  Rev.,  ix.  573  ;  Ibid.,  xxi.  488, 
(by  P.  H.  Mayer;)  United  States  Lit.  Gaz.,  i.  177  ;  N.York 
Eclec.  Mag.,  xv.  412 ;  Bost.  Chris.  Rev.,  xv.  203  ;  Bost.  Liv. 
Age,  xliv.  723,  (from  Lon.  Spectator.)  We  have  already 
referred  to  Lord  Byron's  enthusiastic  attachment  to  the 
writings  and  character  of  Irving,  (Life  of  Lord  Byron  in 
this  Dictionary.)  In  a  letter  to  Tom  Moore,  (Ravenna, 
July  5,  1821,)  he  remarks: 

"  I  have  bad  a  friend  of  your  Mr.  Irving's,  .  . .  and  talked  with 
him  much  of  Irving,  whose  writings  are  my  delight." 

Again,  under  date  of  Sept.  24, 1821,  he  proposes  to  Mur 
ray,  as  one  of  the  articles  of  their  future  correspondence, 
that  he  should  not  send  him  "any  modern,  or  (as  they  are 
called)  new,  publications,  in  English,  whatsoever,  save  and 
excepting  any  of  Walter  Scott,  Crabbe,  .  .  .  Irving,  (the 
American,)"  <fcc. 

"The  names  of  Cooper,  Channing,  and  Washington  Irving," 
remarks  the  historian  of  Modern  Europe,  "amply  demonstrate 
that  the  American  soil  is  not  wanting  in  genius  of  the  most  ele 
vated  and  fascinating  character."— SIR  ARCHIBALD  ALISON  :  Hist,  of 
Europe,  1789-1815,  chap.  Ixxvi. 

Mr.  Stewart,  of  the  American  Navy,  a  friend  of  the  pre 
sent  Emperor  of  Prance,  tells  us  that,  when  in  New  York, 
Louis  Napoleon  declined  to  "appear  in  society,"  but  adds  : 

" '  There  are,  however,'  remarked  the  prince,  '  individuals  resi 
dent  in  New  York  whose  acquaintance  I  should  be  happy  to  make. 
Mr.  Washington  Irving  is  one.  I  have  read  his  works,  and  admire 
him  both  as  a  writer  and  a  man,  and  would  take  great  pleasure 
in  meeting  him.  Chancellor  Kent  is  another.  I  have  studied  his 
Commentaries,  think  highly  of  them,  and  regard  him  as  the  first 
of  your  jurists.  I  would  be  happy  to  know  him  personally.'" 

"  He  did  make  the  acquaintance  both  of  Mr.  Irving  and  the 
Chancellor,"  continues  Mr.  Stewart,  "and  enjoyed  the  hospitality 
of  the  one  at  Sunnyside,  and  of  the  other  at  his  residence  in 
town."— Letter  of  Rev.  C.  S.  Stewart,  N.  York,  April  4, 1856,  to  the 
National  Intelligencer. 

How  many  can  echo  this  remark  of  Napoleon ! — "  I  ad 
mire  him  both  as  a  writer  and  as  a  man."  It  is  indeed 
true,  to  borrow  the  words  of  an  eminent  American  poet, 


"  Amiableness  is  so  strongly  marked  in  all  Mr.  Irving's  writing* 
as  never  to  let  you  forget  the  man ;  and  the  pleasure  is  doubled 
in  the  same  manner  as  it  is  in  lively  conversation  with  one  for 
whom  you  have  a  deep  attachment  and  esteem.  There  is  in  it  also 
the  gayety  and  airiness  of  a  light,  pure  spirit. — a  fanciful  playing 
with  common  things,  and  here  and  there  beautiful  touches,  till  the 
ludicrous  becomes  half  picturesque." — RICHARD  H.  DANA,  SR.  :  N. 
Amer.  Rev.,  ix.  336,  Sept.  1819. 

If  Mr.  Dana  were  called  upon  to  reaffirm  the  above, 
after  forty  years,  and  over  the  large  pile  of  volumes  which 
Mr.  Irving  has  since  given  to  the  world,  we  are  satisfied 
that  he  would  do  it  without  a  moment's  hesitation. 

Many  years  ago  Edward  Everett  advised  the  young 
aspirant  after  literary  distinction, 

"If  he  wishes  to  study  a  style  which  possesses  the  characteristic 
beauties  of  Addison's,  its  ease,  simplicity,  and  elegance,  with  greater 
accuracy,  point,  and  spirit,  let  him  give  his  days  and  nights  to  the 
volumes  of  Irving."— N.  Amer.  Rev.,  xii.  4,  July,  1835. 

Young  men  have  followed  this  advice  most  sedulously; 
and,  indeed,  a  number  of  years  before  this  counsel  was 
penned,  Mr.  Irving's  example  had  produced  wonders  : 

"The  great  effect  which  it  has  produced  is  sufficiently  evident 
already,  in  the  number  of  good  writers,  in  various  forms  of  elegant 
literature,  who  have  sprung  up  among  us  within  the  few  years 
which  have  elapsed  since  the  appearance  of  Mr.  Irving,  and  who 
justify  our  preceding  remark,  that  he  may  fairly  be  considered  as 
the  founder  of  a  school." — ALEXANDER  H.  EVERETT  :  N.  Amer.  Rev.. 
xxviii.  Ill,  Jan.  1829.  - 

"  Heretofore  the  essays  of  Washington  Irving  have  offered  a 
solitary  specimen  of  the  lighter  literature  of  America,  but  we  can 
now  only  regard  Geoffrey  Crayon  as  the  founder  of  a  class  of  wri 
ters,  who  follow  closely  in  his  footsteps." — Court  Journal :  Notice 
of  Stories  of  American  Life,  edited  by  Mary  Russell  Mitford. 

These  remarks  applies  to  both  sides  of  the  water.  If  an 
English  reviewer  desire  to  pay  an  especially  handsome 
compliment  to  an  author, — presuming  that  the  case  admits 
of  a  likeness  being  instituted  at  all, — he  is  very  likely  to  be 
strongly  reminded  of  the  style  of  the  author  of  The  Sketch- 
Book.  Let  us  cite  some  instances.  The  author  of  the 
article  on  George  Colman  and  Bonnel  Thornton's  Connois 
seur,  in  Chambers's  Cyclopedia  of  English  Literature, 
quotes  a  passage  from  an  essay  on  Country  Churches, 

which,"  says  the  critic,  "  seems  like  a  leaf  from  the  note 
book  of  Washington  Irving."  The  reviewer  in  the  London 
New  Times  remarks,  of  the  author  of  Tales  of  a  Voyager, 
that  his  "humour  is  of  the  spirit  and  quality  of  Washing 
ton  Irving."  The  London  Gentleman's  Magazine  says 
that  in  the  perusal  of  The  Journal  of  an  Exile  "  we  have 
frequently  been  reminded  of  the  style  and  manner  of  The 
Sketch-Book, — the  same  pathos,  the  same  originality  of 
thought,  the  same  felicity  of  expression."  The  London 
Monthly  Review  is  so  delighted  with  The  Lucubrations  of 
Major  Humphrey  Ravelin,  that  it  declares  that  "many  of 
the  practised  writers  must/a^  into  the  rear,  in  competition 
with  Major  Ravelin,  who  must  stand  muster  with  Geoffrey 
Crayon."  The  London  Spectator,  in  a  notice  of  the  Auto 
biography  of  Hugh  Miller,  remarks  that  "  his  style  has 
a  purity  and  elegance  which  reminds  one  of  Irving  and 
Goldsmith."  One  of  the  most  distinguished  of  American 
authors  is  not  disposed  to  think  that  any  of  Irving's  imi 
tators  have  equalled  their  master;  at  least,  this  was  his 
opinion  at  the  time  he  penned  the  article  from  which  we 
are  about  to  quote  : 

"The  candour  with  which  the  English  have  recognised  Mr. 
Irving's  literary  merits  is  equally  honorable  to  both  parties,  while 
his  genius  has  experienced  a  still  more  unequivocal  homage,  in 
the  countless  imitations  to  which  he  has  given  rise;  imitations 
whose  uniform  failure,  notwithstanding  all  the  appliances  of  ac 
complishment  and  talent,  prove  their  model  to  he  inimitable." — 
WIILIAM  H.  PRESCOTT  :  N.  Amer.  Rev.,  xxxv.  191-192.  July,  1832. 

It  is  only  proper  to  remark  that  Mr.  Prescott  has  no 
reference,  so  far  as  we  are  aware,  to  either  of  the  com 
parisons  cited  above.  They  were  collected  by  ourselves, 
in  the  course  of  desultory  reading.  Washington  Irving, 
indeed,  can  never  be  confounded  with  the  host  of  his  imi 
tators,  abroad  or  at  home.  His  literary  reputation  rests 
upon  sure  foundations, — broad,  deep,  well  settled,  and 
immutable.  As  regards  his  own  country, 

"  Other  writers  may  no  doubt  arise  in  the  course  of  time,  who 
will  exhibit  in  verse  or  prose  a  more  commanding  talent,  and  soar 
a  still  loftier  flight  in  the  empyrean  sky  of  glory.  Some  western 
Homer,  Sbakspeare,  Milton,  Corneille,  or  Calderon,  may  irradiate 
our  literary  world  with  a  flood  of  splendour  that  shall  throw  all 
other  greatness  into  the  shade.  This,  or  something  like  it,  may  or 
may  not  happen;  but,  even  if  it  should,  it  can  never  be  disputed 
that  the  mild  and  beautiful  genius  of  Mr.  Irving  was  the  Morning 
Star  that  led  up  the  march  of  our  heavenly  host;  and  that  he  has 
a  fair  right,  much  fairer  certainly  than  the  great  Mantuan,  to 
assume  the  proud  device,  Primus  ego  in  patriam." — ALEXANDER 
H.  EVERETT:  N.  Amer.  Rev.,  xxviii.  110,  Jan.  1829. 

As  respects  Mr.  Irving's  fame  abroad,  it  is  certainly 
true,  as  Mr.  Prescott  remarks,  that  his  merits  have  been— 
from  the  first,  we  will  add — warmly  acknowledged  by 
British  critics  and  cordially  appreciated  by  British  readers. 


IRV 


JAC 


The  circulation  of  his  delightful  volumes  is  by  no  means 
confined  to  the  literary  circles  of  the  critics  : 

"To  my  poor  cottage,  rich  only  in  printed  paper,"  remarks  an 
accomplished  lady,  "  people  all  come  to  borrow  books  for  them 
selves  or  for  their  children.  Sometimes  they  make  thtiir  own 
selections ;  sometimes,  much  against  my  will,  they  leave  the  choice 
to  me ;  and  in  either  case  I  know  no  books  that  are  oftener  lent 
than  those  that  bear  the  pseudonym  of  Geoffrey  Crayon.  Few, 
very  few,  can  show  a  long  succession  of  volumes  so  pure,  so  grace 
ful,  and  so  varied  as  Mr.  Irving." — Mary  Russell  Mitford's  RecoJr 
lections  of  a  Literary  Life. 

Such  a  tribute  as  this  must  be  peculiarly  grateful  to  Mr. 
Irving.  "It  is  excellent,"  says  Isabella  to  the  haughty 
duke,  "to  have  a  giant's  strength;"  but  there  is  a  rarer 
and  more  precious  gift.  To  have  the  power,  by  the  magic 
of  the  inspiration  of  genius,  to  elevate  the  mind  and  to 
improve  the  heart, — to  cause  the  rich  to  forget  their  covet- 
ousness  and  the  poor  their  poverty, — to  while  away  the 
tedious  hours  of  declining  age,  of  bodily  pain,  or  mental 
disquietude, — this  is  indeed  a  gift  more  excellent  than  the 
giant's  strength,  the  victor's  laurel,  or  the  conqueror's 
crown;  and  this  honour  has  WASHINGTON  IRVING, — the 
author  of  THE  SKETCH-BOOK  and  THE  ALHAJIBRA,  the 
biographer  of  COLUMBUS  and  of  WASHINGTON. 

Irving,  William,  1766-1821,  a  native  of  the  city  of 
New  York,  a  brother  of  Washington  Irving,  was  engaged 
in  mercantile  business  in  the  place  of  his  birth  for  a  num 
ber  of  years,  and  from  1813  to  '19  was  a  member  of  the 
National  Congress.  In  1793  he  was  married  to  a  sister 
of  James  K.  Paulding,  and  assisted  him  and  Washing 
ton  Irving  in  the  composition  of  Salmagundi, — noticed 
at  length  in  the  preceding  article.  To  this  popular  pe 
riodical  William  contributed  the  poetry,  and  hints  and 
sketches  for  some  of  the  essays.  Of  the  other  three  bro 
thers  of  Washington  Irving,  Ebenezer,  born  in  1776,  is 
still  living,  (in  1857,)  and  resides  with  Washington  Irving 
at  Sunnyside;  Petei>-born  in  1771,  died  in  1838;  and 
John  Treat,  born  in  1778,  died  in  1838.  The  last  two  have 
been  noticed  or  an  earlier  page  of  our  Dictionary. 

Irvinus,  Anylice,  Irvine  or  Irving. 

Irwin,  Viscountess.     See  HOWARD,  ANNE. 

IrAvin,  Eyles,  1748-1817,  of  the  E.  India  Co.,  a  na 
tive  of  Calcutta,  of  Irish  parents,  pub.  a  number  of  poems, 
letters,  <fcc.,  1771-1814,  and  the  following  work,  by  which 
he  is  best  known :  Series  of  Adventures  in  the  Course  of 
a  Voyage  up  the  Red  Sea,  in  Letters  to  a  Lady,  <fcc.,  Lon., 
1780,  4to;  3d  ed.,  1787,  2  vols.  8vo. 

"Chiefly  valuable  for  the  information  which  his  personal  adven 
tures  necessarily  give  of  the  manners,  &c.  of  the  Arabians." — Ste 
venson's  Voyages  and  Travels. 

Irwin,  F.  C.     Western  Australia  in  1835,  Lon.,  8vo. 

Irwin,  G.     Soap-Suds  Manure;  Nic.  Jour.,  1808. 

Irwin,  Thomas.    Versicles,  Dubl.,  1856. 

"The  poetry  of  Irwin  is  rich,  soft,  and  musical:  indeed,  one  of  its 
greatest  faults  is  exuberance." — Irish  Quar.  Rev.,  Jan.  1856. 

Isaac,  John.  1.  Gospel  Doctrine  of  Free  Grace,  1788, 
12mo.  2.  The  General  Apiarian,  1799,  12mo. 

Isaack, Thomas.  Methodus  Cognoscendi,  1650, 12mo. 

Isaacs,  Mrs.     Novels  and  Tales,  1809-16,  Ac. 

Isaacs,  Hyams.  Forms,  &c.  of  the  Jews,  Lon., 
1834,  8vo. 

Isaacson,  Henry,  1581-1634,  a  native  of  London. 
Tabula  Historico-Chronologica,  Lon.,  1 633,  fol.  His  works 
were  subsequently  pub.,  in  8vo,  containing  the  Life  of  Bp. 
Andrews,  <fcc. 

Isdell,  Miss  Sarah.    A  novel,  Ac.,  Lon.,  1809-11. 

Isham,  Rev.  Chester.  Sermons.  Reviewed  in  N. 
Haven  Chris.  Month.  Spec.,  vii.  623 ;  viii.  176.  A  biography 
of  Mr.  Isham,  by  L.  Bacon,  will  be  found  in  the  same 
periodical,  vii.  611. 

Isham,  John.     Office  for  the  Sick,  Lon.,  1694,  8vo. 

Isham,  W.  The  Mud  Cabin ;  or,  The  Character  and 
Tendency  of  British  Institutions,  N.  York,  1853,  12mo. 

Isham,  Zachens,  d.  1705,  Preb.  of  Canterbury,  1691. 
Notes  on  Job,  Proverbs,  and  Wisdom,  and  Serms.,  1695- 
1705. 

Itchener,  Rev.  George.    Elegiac  Tears,  1766,  4to. 

Itchener,  Rev.  Win.  Defence  of  the  Canon  of  the 
Old  Testament,  Lon.,  1723,  8vo. 


Ive,  Paul.  1.  Instructions  for  the  Warres,  Lon.,  1589, 
4to.  2.  Practice  of  Fortification,  1589,  '99,  4to. 

Ive,  Thomas.     Humble  Appeal,  1654,  4to. 

Ivers,  F.  F.     Prince  of  Asturias,  Lon.,  1844,  8vo. 

Ivers,  H.     Trials  of  a  Priest,  Lon.,  1855,  12mo. 

Ivery,  John.     Hertfordshire  Melody,  1773,  8vo. 

Ives,  A.  E.  Parting  Counsel;  a  Farewell  Serm., 
Bosk,  1855. 

Ives,  Charles.  Chips  from  the  Workshop ;  a  Collec 
tion  of  Poems,  N.  Haven,  1848,  12mo. 

Ives,  Cornelius.  25  Serms.  for  a  Country  Congre 
gation,  Oxf.,  1832,  cr.  8vo. 

"  Admirably  adapted  to  the  purpose  for  which  they  were  writ 
ten." — Lon.  Chris.  Rememb. 

Ives,  E.     Books  on  Musical  Education,  N.  York. 

Ives,  Edward,  a  surgeon,  d.  1780.  Voyage  from 
England  to  India  in  1754,  Lon.,  1773,  4to. 

Ives,  Edward  O.  Remarks  on  Oude,  <fcc.,  Lon.,  1796, 
4to. 

Ives,  J.  M.     New  England  Fruit-Book,  Bosk 

Ives,  Jeremy.     Theolog.  treatises,  1658-72. 

Ives,  John,  1751-76,  a  native  of  Yarmouth,  pub.  some 
antiquarian  papers,  and  Remarks  upon  the  Garianonum 
of  the  Romans,  Lon.,  1774,  8vo.  See  Nichols's  Anec. ; 
Noble's  College  of  Arms;  Granger's  Letters,  by  Malcolm; 
Lon.  Gent.  Mag.,  vols.  Ivii.,  Ixiii. 

Ives,  Levi,  M.D.,  1750-1826,  of  New  Haven,  Conn., 
was  one  of  the  conductors  of  Cases  and  Observations,  pub. 
at  New  Haven,  and  said  to  be  the  first  medical  journal 
ever  pub.  in  the  U.  States. 

Ives,  Levi  Silliman,  D.D.,  LL.D.,  late  Bishop  of 
the  Protestant  Episcopal  Church  in  North  Carolina,  now  a 
member  of  the  R.  Catholic  Church.  1.  A  Catechism,  N. 
York,  18mo,  2  Pts.  2.  Manual  of  Devotion,  12mo.  3. 
Five  Serins,  on  The  Apostles'  Doctrine  and  Fellowship, 
16mo.  4.  Humility  a  Ministerial  Qualification :  an  Ad 
dress,  1840,  8vo.  5.  Serms.  on  the  Obedience  of  Faith, 
1849,  18mo.  6.  The  Trials  of  a  Mind  in  its  Progress  to 
Catholicism :  a  Letter  to  his  Old  Friends,  Bosk,  1853, 12mo  ; 
Lon.,  1854,  p.  Svo.  A  review  of  some  of  Bp.  Ives's  ser 
mons  will  be  found  in  Princeton  Rev.,  xvii.  491. 

Ivimey,  Joseph,  a  Baptist  minister.  1.  Life  of  John 
Bunyan,  1809,  12mo.  2.  Bunyan's  Pilgrim's  Progress, 
with  Notes.  See  BUNYAN,  JOHN.  3.  Serin.,  1809,  Svo.  4. 
Hist,  of  the  English  Baptists,  Lon.,  1811-23,  3  vols.  Svo. 

"Highly  creditable  to  yourself  and  to  the  denomination  to  which 
you  belong." — Robert  Hatt  to  tfie  author,  on  the  first  two  vols.  See 
Hall's  Works,  ed.  1853,  ii.  443,  n.;  v.  521-523. 

Ivimey  also  wrote  The  Life  and  Times  of  John  Milton, 
The  Life  of  Rev.  W.  Kiffin,  and  some  other  works.  See 
Memoirs  of  the  Life  and  Writings  of  Jos.  Ivimey,  by  Geo. 
Pritchard,  1835,  Svo. 

Ivison,  Ursula.    A  Poem,  Lon.,  1794,  '98,  Svo. 

Ivory,  James,  1765-1842,  a  celebrated  mathemati 
cian,  a  native  of  Dundee,  Scotland,  contributed  a  number 
of  valuable  papers,  (1796-1816,)  on  his  favourite  branch 
of  investigation,  to  Trans.  Soc.  Edin.,  Phil.  Trans.,  and 
Thorn.  Ann.  Philos.  See  Chambers  and  Thomson's  Biog. 
Diet,  of  Eminent  Scotsmen;  Watt's  Bibl.  Brit.;  Marquis 
of  Northampton's  Address  to  the  Roy.  Soc.,  1842;  Lord 
Brougham's  Contrib.  to  the  Edin.  Rev.,  1856,  iii.  183-195. 

Ivoryy.  Forms  of  Process  before  the  Ct.  of  Sess.  and 
the  Corn",  of  Feuds,  Edin.,  1815-18,  2  vols.  Svo. 

Ixford,  Noah.     Purging,  Lon.,  1690,  12mo. 

Izacke,  Richard,  1624-1700,  a  native  of  Exeter.  1. 
Remarkable  Antiquities  of  the  City  of  Exeter,  Lon.,  1677, 
Svo;  1681,  Svo;  1722,  Svo;  1724,  Svo;  1734,  Svo.  Con 
tinued  to  1723  by  his  son,  Samuel  Izacke, — Lowndes  says 
in  1724  or  1731,  8vo;  according  to  Watt,  1741,  Svo. 
"A  dry  collection,  and  full  of  mistakes." — BP.  WHITE  KENNET. 

2.  Alphabet.  Register,  Ac.,  1736,  Svo.  3.  Rights  and 
Privileges  of  the  Freemen  of  Exeter,  Exeter,  1785,  sm.  4to. 

Izard,  Ralph,  an  eminent  American  statesman,  Sena 
tor  of  the  United  States  from  South  Carolina  from  1789  to 
'95.  Correspondence  from  1774  to  1804,  with  a  short 
Memoir,  Bosk,  1844,  vol.  i.,  12ino.  Reviewed  in  Democratic 
Rev.,  xix.  40.  No  man  enjoyed  the  confidence  of  General 
Washington  in  a  higher  degree  than  Ralph  Izard. 


J. 


Jabet,  Wm.,  Leek  of  St.  Bartholomew's  Chapel,  Bir 
mingham.  18  Serms.,  Lon.,  1787,  Svo. 

Jack,  Lt.-Col.  Six  Views  of  Kot  Kangra,  Lon., 
1847,  fol. 

Jack,  or  Jachaeus,  Gilbert,  1578-1 628,  Prof,  of 


Philos.  at  Leyden,  was  a  native  of  Aberdeen,  Scotland.  1. 
Institutiones  Physicae  Juventutis  Lugdunensis  Studiis  po- 
tissimum  dicatae,  1612;  again,  with  notes,  1616.  2.  In 
stitutiones  Medicae,  Lugd.  Bat.,  1624,  '31,  '53,  12mo.  See 
Chambers  and  Thomson's  Diet,  of  Eminent  Scotsmen, 

945 


JAC 


JAG 


Jack,  or  Jachaeus,  Thomas,  d.  1596,  minister  of 
Eastwood,  Ac.,  a  Scotsman.  Onomasticon  Poeticum,  siue 
Propriorum  qnibus  in  suis  Monumentis  vsi  sunt  veteres 
Poetas  breuis  Descriptio  poetica,  Edinburgi,  1592,  4to. 

This  rare  and  curious  book  should  not  escape  the  biblio 
grapher.  See  McCrie's  Life  of  Melville. 

Jack,  Richard,  Teacher  of  Mathematics.  1.  Ele 
ments  of  Conic  Sections,  Edin.,  1742,  8vo.  2.  Mathemat. 
Principles  of  Theology;  or,  the  Existence  of  God  Geo 
metrically  Demonstrated,  Lon.,  1747,  8vo. 

"A  curious  and  excellent  work."— Dr.  ADAM  CLARKE. 

3.  Euclid's  Data  Restored,  Lon.,  1756,  8vo. 

Jackman,  Rev.  J.     Theolog.  treatises,  1705-19. 

Jackson.  Art  of  Engraving,  Ac.,  Lon.,  1754,  4to. 
Commended  as  a  curious  and  ingenious  work. 

Jackson,  Mrs*  Dialogues  on  Christianity,  1806,  2 
vols.  8vo. 

Jackson,  Miss.     Pictorial  Flora,  Lon.,  1840,  Svo. 

Jackson,  Abraham.  1.  Sorrow's  Lenitive :  in  verse, 
Lon.,  1614,  Svo.  2.  Serm.,  1618,  Svo.  3.  The  Pious 
Prentice,  1640,  Svo. 

Jackson,  Alfred.  Tints  from  an  Amateur's  Palette, 
Lon.,  1849,  fp.  Svo. 

Jackson,  Alverey.    Saving  Faith,  Lon.,  1752,  Svo. 

Jackson,  Andrew,  d.  1778,  aged  83,  a  London  book 
seller.  1.  Paradise  Lost,  Book  1st:  in  rhyme,  1740.  2. 
Matrimonial  Scenes,  modernized  from  Chaucer,  1750.  3. 
In  conjunction  with  Charles  Marsh,  A  Briefe  Conceipte 
touching  the  Commonweale  of  this  Realme  of  England,  by 
Wm.  Shakspeare,  the  dramatist;  originally  printed  in  1581 ; 
reprinted  1751.  The  contents  of  Jackson's  book-cata 
logues  for  1756,  '57,  '59,  and  one  without  date,  were  in 
rhyme.  See  Miller's  Fly-Leaves,  1854,  p.  69. 

Jackson,  Major-General  Andrew,  1767-1845,  a 
native  of  South  Carolina,  President  of  the  United  States, 
1829-37.  His  Farewell  Address,  with  his  Will,  and  25 
Eulogies  and  Serms.  delivered  on  occasion  of  his  Death, 
Phila.,  1846,  12mo.  The  Life  of  Genl.  Jackson  has  been 
written  by  J.  H.  Eaton,  1824,  8vo,  Wm.  Cobbett,  1834, 
ISmo,  J.  S.  Jenkins,  Amos  Kendall,  S.  P.  Waldo,  &c. 
For  notices  of  his  administration,  see  Williams  and  Los- 
sing's  National  Hist,  of  the  U.  States;  Williams's  States 
man's  Manual;  Poole's  Index  to  Period.  Lit.;  histories  of 
the  period. 

Jackson,Arthur,1593-1666,aNon-conformist,ejected 
from  the  living  of  St  Faith's  in  1662.  1.  A  Help  for  the 
Understanding  of  the  Holy  Scriptures;  or,  Annotations  on 
the  Historicall  Part  of  the  Old  Test:  vol.  L,  Camb.,  1643, 
4to;  The  Pentateuch:  vol.  ii.,  1646,  4to;  Joshua — Es 
ther:  vol.  iii.,  Lon.,  1658,  4to;  Job — Song  of  Solomon. 
2.  Annotations  upon  the  Whole  Book  of  Isaiah;  with  Me 
moir  of  the  Author,  pub.  by  his  son,  1682,  4to. 

u  These  annotations  are  not  prolix  or  critical ;  but  they  are  in 
general  very  much  to  the  purpose.  Considering  the  period  in 
which  the  author  lived,  they  are  tolerably  well  written ;  and,  as 
works  on  the  historical  parts  of  the  Old  Testament  are  not  very 
numerous,  Mr.  Jackson's  help  ought  not  to  be  despised.'' — Orme's 
Bibl.  Bib.  See  also  Calamy's  Non-Conformist's  Memorial. 

Jackson,  Major  Basil.  1.  Military  Surveying, 
Lon.,  1838,  '41,  Svo.  2.  Elementary  Surveying,  1842,  Svo. 

Jackson,  Charles.  Sufferings  and  Escape,  1802, 8vo. 

Jackson,  Charles,  LL.D.,  1775-1855,  a  native  of 
Newburyport,  grad.  at  Harvard  College,  1793 ;  removed  to 
Boston,  Mass.,  about  1810;  Judge  of  the  Supreme  Ct.  of 
Massachusetts,  1813-24.  Treat,  on  the  Pleadings  and 
Prac.  in  Real  Actions;  with  Precedents  of  Pleadings,  Bost, 
3828,  Svo.  This  excellent  work  (cited  as  Jackson  on  Real 
Actions)  should  accompany  Stearnes's  and  Roscoe's  on  the 
same  subject.  See  Hoff.  Leg.  Stu.,  282 ;  1  Amer.  Jur.,  185, 
ii.  65 ;  Kent's  Com.  Judge  Jackson  was  the  chairman  of 
the  committee  which  revised  the  Statute  Laws  of  Massa 
chusetts.  See  Pref.  to  Revised  Statutes  of  Mass. 

"He  was  an  admirable  person,  a  thorough  lawyer,  an  almost 
perfect  judge,  and  a  good  man." — GEO.  S.  HILLARD:  in  a  letter  to 
the  author  of  this  Dictionary.  See  also  N.  Amer.  Rev.,xlvi.  72,  by 
Mr.  Ilillard. 

Jackson,  Charles  T.,  M.D.,  b.  at  Plymouth,  Mass., 
1805,  grad.  M.D.  at  Harvard  Univ.  1829.  1.  Mineralogy 
and  Geology  of  Nova  Scotia,  Cambridge,  Mass..  1832,  Svo: 
in  conjunction  with  Francis  Alger.  2.  First  Report  on  the 
Geology  of  the  State  of  Maine,  Augusta,  Me.,  1837,  Svo. 
3.  First  Report  on  the  Geology  of  the  Public  Lands  in  the 
State  of  Maine,  Bost.,  1837.  Nos.  2  and  3  are  noticed  in 
N.  Amer.  Rev.,  xlv.  240-248.  4.  Second  Report  on  the 
Geology  of  the  State  of  Maine,  Augusta,  Me.,  1838,  8vo. 
Noticed  in  N.  Amer.  Rev.,  xlvii.  241-244.  5.  Second  An 
nual  Report  on  the  Geology  of  the  Public  Lands  of  Maine 
and  Massachusetts,  1838,  Svo.  6.  Third  Report  on  the 
946 


Geology  of  Maine,  1839,  Svo.  7.  Report  on  the  Geology 
and  Agricult.  Survey  of  R.  Island,  Bost.,  1840,  Svo.  8. 
First  Report  on  the  Geology  of  N.  Hampshire,  1841,  Svo. 
Dr.  Jackson's  contributions  to  science  have  been  rewarded 
by  orders  of  merit  from  the  sovereigns  of  France,  Prussia, 
Turkey,  Sweden,  and  Sardinia. 

Jackson,  Rev.  E.  D.  1.  Comp.  to  the  Liturgy,  Lon. 
2.  Devotional  Year,  1838,  Svo.  3.  Scripture  Hist.,  1847. 

Jackson,  Frederick,  Incumbent  of  Parson  Drove, 
Isle  of  Ely.  Pract.  Serms.,  2  ser.,  12mo,  1851-53. 

"  A  score  of  excellent  sermons.  The  historical  parts  contain  a 
good  deal  of  unassuming  eloquence.  They  are  worthy  of  frequent 
perusal." — Church  and  State  Gazette. 

Jackson,  George.     Con.  to  Trans.  Linn.  Soc.,  1810. 

Jackson,  George.     Stanzas,  1812,  Svo. 

Jackson,  George.  Educational  works,  Lon.,  1847-55. 

Jackson,  Hall,  M.D.,  d.  1797,  of  Portsmouth,  New 
Hampshire,  pub.  a  tract  on  the  Malignant  Sore  Throat 
which  prevailed  1784-86.  See  Thacher's  Amer.  Med.  Biog. 

Jackson,  Henry.     Longitude,  &c.,  Lon.,  1727,  Svo. 

Jackson,  Henry,  Chemist.  1.  Tar-Water,  Lon., 
1760,  Svo.  2.  British  Isinglass,  1765,  Svo. 

Jackson,  Henry,  D.D.,  b.  June  16,  1798,  at  Provi 
dence,  Rhode  Island;  grad.  at  Brown  University,  1817; 
ordained,  1822  ;  settled  successively  at  Charlestown,  Hart 
ford,  New  Bedford,  and,  since  Jan.  1847,  pastor  of  Central 
Baptist  Church,  Newport,  R.  Island.  Dr.  J.  has  pub.  a 
work  entitled  Churches  in  Rhode  Island,  and  has  in  pre 
paration  Rhode  Island  Ecclesiastically  in  the  17th  century. 
He  has  also  pub.  a  number  of  sermons,  and  contributed 
papers  to  several  quarterly  and  monthly  periodicals. 

Jackson,  Henry  R.,  b.  1810,  at  Savannah,  Georgia, 
Judge  of  the  Superior  Court  of  the  Eastern  District  of 
Georgia,  1849-53;  Resident  Minister  of  the  United  States 
at  Vienna  for  1853  to  the  present  time.  Tallulah,  and 
other  Poems,  Savannah,  1851.  Mr.  J.  was  for  some  years 
one  of  the  editors  of  the  Savannah  Georgian. 

Jackson, Humphrey.   Isinglass;  Phil. Trans.,  1773. 

Jackson,  Isaac  W.,  Prof,  of  Mathemat.  and  Nat. 
Philos.  in  Union  College,  New  York.  1.  Elements  of  Conic 
Sections,  Albany,  Svo.  New  ed.,  Schenectady,  1854,  Svo. 
2.  Elementary  Treat,  on  Optics,  Albany,  Svo.  New  ed., 
Schenectady,  1854,  Svo. 

Jackson,  J.  F.     Serm.,  180S,  Svo. 

Jackson,  J.  L.    Art  of  Riding,  Lon.,  1765,  12mo. 

Jackson,  Col.  J.  R.  1.  Observ.  on  Lakes,  4to.  2. 
What  to  Observe ;  2d  ed.,  1845,  fp.  Svo. 

"  A  work  that  should  be  put  into  the  trunk  of  every  traveller, 
and  especially  of  those  who  travel  with  a  view  to  publication." — 
Westminster  Review. 

3.  Letters  on  Minerals,  Lon.,  1849,  12mo.  4.  Military 
Geography,  1850,  12mo. 

Jackson,  J.  W.  The  Seer  of  Sinai,  and  other  Poems, 
Lon.,  1856.  See  Lon.  Athen.,  1856,  743. 

Jackson,  James.  An  Appeal  to  Country  Friends, 
[Quakers,]  Lon.,  1708,  sm.  Svo. 

Jackson,  James,  M.D.,  LL.D.,  Prof.  Emeritus  of 
the  Theory  and  Practice  of  Physic  in  the  Univ.  of  Cam 
bridge,  Mass. ;  late  Physician  in  the  Mass.  General  Hospi 
tal.  Letters  to  a  Young  Physician  just  entering  upon 
Practice,  Bost,  1855,  12mo;  4th  ed.,  1856,  12mo.  Dedi 
cated  to  John  C.  Warren,  M.D.  The  distinguished  author 
of  this  vol.  has  enjoyed  the  advantages  of  half  a  century's 
medical  practice.  This  should  be  a  sufficient  endorsement 
of  the  sagacity  of  his  counsels.  The  work  has  been  well 
received  on  both  sides  of  the  Atlantic.  The  London 
Critic  of  April  1st,  1856,  compares  this  work  most  favour 
ably  with  publications  lately  issued  by  two  medical  pro 
fessors  at  Edinburgh,  and  dismisses  the  subject  with  the 
remark : 

"The  conclusion  we  have  come  to  after  a  perusal  of  it  is,  that 
Dr.  Jackson  has  been,  through  a  long  professional  career,  a  judi 
cious,  safe,  prudent,  and  sufficiently  energetic  practitioner,  reflect 
ing  credit  on  American  Practice  of  Physic." 

Dr.  Jackson  was  a  pupil  of  Dr.  Edward  Augustus  Holy- 
oke,  the  centenarian,  and  gives  us  a  sketch  of  his  character 
in  the  introductory  letter  to  the  above-named  work,  which, 
we  may  say  in  conclusion,  is  of  interest  to  the  laic  as  well 
as  the  physician. 

Jackson,  James  Grey.  1.  Account  of  the  Empire  of 
Morocco  and  Suez,  Lon,  1809,  '11,  '12,  '14,  4to. 

"Cannot  fail  to  be  placed  alongside  of  the  very  best  works  which 
treat  of  that  extraordinary  kingdom." — Dibdin's  Lib.  Comp.,  460. 

Reviewed  in  Lon.  Quar.  Rev.,  ii.  445-454. 

2.  Trans,  of  Shabeeny's  Timbuctoo,  <fcc.,  1820,  Svo.  See 
Stevenson's  Voyages  and  Travels. 

Jackson,  James.  Agriculture,  Edin.,  1840,  Svo. 
Highly  commended  in  Donaldson's  Agricult.  Biog. 


JAG 

Jackson,  Jeremiah.    Serms.,  Ac.,  1796-1818. 

Jackson,  John.     Serms.,  Ac.,  1611-85. 

Jackson,  John.     Serins.,  Ac.,  1707-23. 

Jackson,  John,  1686-1763,  a  learned  Arian  divine 
a  native  of  Yorkshire;  admitted  of  Jesus  Coll.,  Camb.,  1702 
Rector  of  Rossington,  Yorkshire,  1710, •  Confrater  of  Wig 
ton's  Hospital,  1719;  and  Master,  1729.  He  pub.  many 
theolog.  treatises,  1714-49,  among  which  were  several  in 
defence  of  Dr.  Samuel  Clarke's  Doctrine  of  the  Trinity 
and  a  number  against  Warburton,  Conyers  Middleton,  Law 
Whiston,  and  the  deistical  writers  Collins,  Tindal,  an< 
Morgan.  His  best-known  work  is  Chronological  Antiqui 
ties  for  5100  years,  Lon.,  1752,  3  vols.  4to.  In  German  a 
Erlangen,  1756,  3  vols.  4to. 

"Great  labour  has  been  bestowed  upon  it,  as  the  nature  of  th« 

subject  required,  and  the  very  extent  of  the  performance  shows  " 

Orme's  Bibl.  Bib. 


Dr.  Brett's,  wherein  he 'defends  the  Computation  "of  the  Sentua 
giut."— BISHOP  WATSON. 

See  Dr.  Button's  Memoirs  of  the  Life  and  Writings  of 
John  Jackson,  Lon.,  1764,  8vo;  Whiston's  Life;  Nichols's 
Lit.  Anec. 

Jackson,  John.  Answer  to  a  Serm.  entitled  Ma 
sonry  the  Way  to  Hell,  Lon.,  1768,  8vo. 

Jackson,  John.  1.  Hist,  of  the  Scottish  Stage, 
Edin.,  1793,  8vo.  2.  Strictures  on  the  Merits  of  Youne 
Roscius,  1805. 

Jackson,  John,  Jr.  1.  Hist,  of  the  City  and  Cathe 
dral  of  Lichfield,  Lich.,  1795,  8vo;  2ded.,  1806.  2.  Hist, 
and  Antiq.  of  the  Cathedral  Church  of  Litchfield,  Lon. 
1795,  8vo.  3.  Poems,  1797,  12mo. 

Jackson,  John,  d.  1807.  1.  Journey  from  India  to 
wards  England  [overland]  in  1797,  Lon.,  1799,  8vo.  2. 
Commerce  of  the  Mediterranean,  1804,  8vo. 

Jackson,  John.     Poems,  Lon.,  1808,  12mo. 

Jackson,  John,  one  of  Bewick's  best  pupils.  Treat, 
on  Wood  Engraving,  Historical  and  Practical,  Lon.,  1839, 
imp.  8vo.  Upwards  of  300  wood-cuts;  52s.  The  histo 
rical  portion  is  chiefly  by  Wm.  Andrew  Chatto,  under 
whose  name  we  have  entered  this  work;  but  Chatto's  own 
work  was  Gems  of  Wood  Engraving,  with  Hist,  of  the  Art, 
1849,  fol.;  21«.  Jackson's  book  is  invaluable  either  to 
the  engraver  or  the  amateur. 

Jackson,  John,  D.D.,  formerly  Rector  of  St.  James's, 
Westminster;  Bishop  of  Lincoln,  1853.  1.  Spirit  of  the 
World;  a  Serm.  2.  II.  Serms.,  1849,  32mo.  3.  VI.  Serms. 
on  Christian  Character;  4th  ed.,  1853,  12mo.  4.  Serms. 
on  the  Sinfulness  of  Little  Sins ;  9th  ed.,  1855,  fp.  8vo.  5. 
VI.  Serms.  on  Repentance;  4th  ed.,  1853,  12mo.  6.  Wit 
ness  of  the  Spirit;  2d  ed.,  1855,  fp.  8vo. 

Jackson,  John  M.    U.  Canada,  Lon.,  1809,  8vo. 

Jackson,  Joseph.  Enchiridion  Theoretico-Medi- 
cum,  Lon.,  1695,  12mo;  Amst,  1697,  12mo. 

Jackson,  Joseph.     Poetical  Sketch,  Lon.,  1797,  4to. 

Jackson,  Sir  K.  A.  Views  in  Affghaunistaun,  Lon., 
1841,  imp.  4to. 

Jackson,  Laurence.    Theolog.  treatises,  1739-71. 

Jackson,  Matthew.    Five  Serms.,  Lon.,  1755,  8vo. 

Jackson,  Miles.  1.  Serm.,  Bradford,  1815,  Svo.  2. 
Serms.,  Lon.,  1825,  2  vols.  12mo. 

Jackson,  Peter.    Account  of  his  Case,  1806,  Svo. 

Jackson,  Randle.     Speeches,  Ac.,  1795-1828. 

Jackson,  Richard.    Literature  Graeca,  1769,  12ino. 

Jackson,  Robert,  M.D.,  1751-1827,  a  physician  in 
the  English  army,  pub.  a  Treat,  on  the  Fever  of  Jamaica, 
Lon.,  1791,  8vo.,  and  other  profess,  works,  Ac.,  1798-1817. 
The  3d  ed.  of  his  Systematic  View  of  the  Formation,  Dis 
cipline,  and  Economy  of  an  Army  was  pub.  1845,  Svo. 

Jackson,  Rowland,  M.D.  Medical  treatises,  Ac., 
Lon.,  1747-48. 

Jackson,  Samuel.    E.  India  Weights,  Ac.,  1764. 

Jackson,  Samuel,  has  recently  pub.  a  number  of 
translations  from  the  German  and  French, — from  Francke, 
Krummacher,  Strauss,  Zinzendorf,  Ac.  See  JACQUES,  WM. 

Jackson,  Samuel,  M.D.,  Prof,  of  the  Institutes  of 
Medicine  in  the  Univ.  of  Penna.  1.  Principles  of  Medicine, 
Phila.,  1832,  Svo.  2.  Discourse  Commemorative  of  Na 
thaniel  Chapman,  M.D.,  1854,  Svo.  3.  Introduc.  to  Dr.  J. 
Cheston  Morris's  trans,  of  Lehman's  Chemical  Physio 
logy,  185fi,  8vo.  4.  Occasional  Medical  Essays. 

Jackson,  Sarah.     Family  Cook,  Lon.,  1754,  12mo. 

Jackson,  Seguin  Henry,  M.D.  Dermato-Patho- 
logia,  Lon.,  1792,  Svo.  Other  medical  treatises,  1781- 
1806. 

Jackson,  Rev.  Theodore.    Serious  Address,  1788. 


JAC 

Jackson,  T.  Life,  Writings,  and  Opinions  of  John 
Goodwin,  1822,  Svo.  See  GOODWIN,  JOHN,  No.  7. 

Jackson,  Thomas,  D.D.,  1579-1640,  a  native  of 
Willowing,  Durham,  admitted  of  Queen's  Coll.,  Oxf.,  1595  • 
removed  to  Corpus  Christi  Coll.,  1596;  President  of  Corpus 
Christi  Coll.,  1630;  Preb.  of  Winchester,  1635;  Dean  of 
Peterborough,  1638.  He  was  profoundly  versed  in  theology, 
metaphysics,  the  languages,  the  arts  and  sciences,  and  was 
pious,  charitable,  and  courteous.  He  was  the  author  of 
Commentaries  on  the  Apostles'  Creed,  many  serms.  and 
theolog.  treatises,  of  which  a  collective  edit,  was  pub.,  with 
a  Life  of  the  author,  by  E.  Vaughan,  in  1673,  3  vols.  fol. 
New  ed.,  revised  and  improved,  Oxf.,  1844,  12  vols.  Svo. 
A  Synoptical  Table  of  his  Works  was  pub.  in  1838,  12mo, 
by  the  Rev.  John  Henry  Todd.  And  see  GOODE,  WM., 
No.  5. 

"I  speak  it  in  the  presence  of  God,  I  have  not  read  so  hearty, 
vigorous  a  champion  against  Rome,  BO  convincing  and  demonstra 
tive,  as  is  Dr.  Jackson;  and  I  bless  God  for  the  Confirmation  he 
hath  given  me  in  the  Christian  Religion  against  the  Atheist,  Jew, 
and  Socinian."— GEORGE  HERBERT,  tin  Poet. 

"He  is  generally  full  of  meaning:  it  is  scarce  possible  to  open  in 
any  page  where  we  shall  not  find  something  seldom  if  at  all  to  be 
met  with  anywhere  else.  A  curious  reader  will  find  something 
remarkable  and  worthy  of  reading  in  the  whole."— DR.  DODDRIDGE. 

"Dr.  Jackson  is  a  magazine  of  theological  knowledge,  everywhere 
penned  with  great  elegance  and  dignity,  so  that  his  style  is  a  pat 
tern  of  perfection.  ...  He  deserves  to  be  numbered  with  the  Eng 
lish  fathers  of  the  church."— JONES,  of  Nayland:  Life  of  Bishop 
Home. 

"His  method  is  circuitous,  his  style  involved,  yet  often  dignified 
and  never  mean."— Dr.  E.  WWiamjs  C.  P. 

"Deficient  in  evangelical  views,  and  redundant  in  reasoning 
philosophy,  yet  full  of  useful  thoughts."— Bickergteth's  C.  & 

Jackson  is  often  quoted  by  Bishop  Patrick  in  his  Com 
mentaries  on  the  Old  Testament,  and  is  commended  by 
Bishop  Home,  Merrick,  Ac. 

"In  my  judgment  the  most  valuable  of  all  our  English  divines. 
.  .  .  I  think  you  would  find  three  or  four  pages  per  day  a  wholesome 
and  pleasant  diet.  .  .  .  The  philosophy,  the  strength  of  faith,  and 
the  sincere  religious  belief  with  which  his  three  folios  abound.  .  .  . 
An  author  with  whom,  more  almost  than  any  other,  one  might  be 
contented  in  a  prison." — ROBT.  SOUTHET  :  Life  and  Correspondence. 

Jackson, Thomas,  d.  1646,  Preb.  of  Canterbury,1614. 
Weekly  Lects.  on  St.  Matt.  viii.  23-27,  Lon.,  1623,  4to. 

Jackson,  Thomas,  LL.D.  Composition  of  Pres 
sures;  Trans.  Soc.  Edin.,  1817. 

Jackson,  Thomas.  1.  Centenary  of  Wesleyan  Me 
thodism,  Lon.,  1839,  12mo.  2.  Lives  of  Early  Methodists, 
chiefly  by  themselves,  1849,  2  vols.  12mo.  Other  works. 

Jackson,  Timothy.  Expos,  of  the  2d  Epist.  of  St. 
Paul  to  the  Thessalonians,  Lon.,  1621,  4to. 

Jackson,  W.     School-books,  1661-72. 

Jackson,  W.    Beauties  of  Nature,  1769,  Svo. 

Jackson,  W.  A.  Herbert  Broom's  Parties  to  Actions ; 
2d  Amer.  ed.,  Phila.,  1847,  Svo. 

Jackson,  Wm.   Treat,  gn  Hosea  x.  12,  Lon.,  1616, 4to. 

Jackson,  Wm.,  D.D.     Serm.,  Camb.,  1675,  4to. 

Jackson, Wm.,  M.D.  Salt  Springs;  Phil.  Trans.,  1669. 

Jackson,  Wm.     On  Sounds,  Westm.,  1726,  Svo. 

Jackson,  Wm.    Ancle-Joints,  Ac.,  Lon.,  17S8,  Svo. 

Jackson,  Wm.,  1730-1803,  a  musical  composer,  a 
native  of  Exeter,  England.  1.  Music  in  London,  Lon., 
1791,  Svo.  2.  Thirty  Letters  on  various  subjects,  1782,  2 
vols.  12mo;  1784,  2  vols.  12mo;  1795,  Svo.  3.  The  Four 
Ages,  with  Essays,  1798,  Svo.  4.  Eighteen  Musical  Works, 
consisting  of  Hymns,  Songs,  Canzonets,  Elegies,  and  an 
)de  to  Fancy.  See  his  Life  by  Dr.  Burney  in  Rees's  Cyc.; 
3ensura  Literaria,  vol.  iv. 

Jackson,  Rev.  Wm.,  convicted  of  high-treason  in 
Dublin,  April  23,  1795,  committed  suicide  on  the  30th  of 
he  same  month.  Serms.,  Lon.,  1795,  Svo. 

Jackson,  Wm.,  D.D.,  1750-1815,  Regius  Prof,  of 
Greek  at  Oxford,  and  in  1811  Bishop  of  Oxford;  pub.  The 
Constitutions  of  the  U.  States  of  America,  Lon.,  1783,  Svo ; 
everal  serms.,  Ac.,  1784-1804.  See  Rich's  Bibl.  Amer. 
Vova,  i.  317. 

Jackson,  Wm.     Chemical  Characters,  1799,  Svo. 

Jackson,  Wm.   Divinity  Prize  Essay,  Oxf.,  1846,  Svo. 

Jackson,  Z,  a  printer.   Shakspeare's  Genius  Justified, 

n.,  1819,  Svo.  Worth  examination.  See  Dibdin's  Lib. 
Comp.,  804;  Goodhugh's  E.  G.  Lib.  Man.,  219;  Blackw. 
Mag.,  v.  411-415. 

Jacob.     Elephant's  Bones;  Phil.  Trans.,  1754. 

Jacob,  Rev.  Alexander.  Complete  English  Peer- 
ge,  Lon.,  1766-70,  3  vols.  fol. 

Jacob,  Arthur.  1.  Inflam.  of  the  Eye-Ball,  DubJ., 
850,  fp.  Svo.  2.  Removal  of  Cataract,  Lon.,  1851,  Svo. 

Jacob,  Edward,  d.  1788,  pub.,  from  the  4th  ed.  of 
592,  the  old  Play  of  Arden  of  Feversham,  (which  he  as- 
ribes  to Shakspeare,)  Lon.,  1770,  Svo;  Hist,  of  Feveraham, 


JAC 


JAD 


1774,  8vo;  Cat.  of  Plants  near  Feversham,  1777, 12mo;  and 
a  paper  on  Roman  Earthen-Ware,  in  Archaeol.,  1782. 

Jacob,  Edward,  d.  1841,  King's  Counsel,  Fellow  of 
Gonville  and  Caius  Coll.,  Camb.,  and  a  son  of  William 
Jacob,  (post.)  1.  Chan.  Reports  2  and  3  Geo.  IV.,  Lon.,  1828, 
r.  8vo.  2.  With  J.  Walker,  Do.  60  Geo.  III.  to  1  and  2 
Geo.  IV.,  1821-23,  2  vols.  r.  8vo.  A  biography  of  Mr. 
Jacob  will  be  found  in  Lon.  Gent.  Mag.,  March,  1842. 

Jacob,  G.  A.  Greek  and  Latin  Grammars,  Lon., 
1841-54. 

Jacob,  Giles,  1686-1744,  a  native  of  Romsey,  Hamp 
shire,  received  a  legal  education,  and  subsequently  became 
steward  and  secretary  to  the  Hon.  Wm.  Blathwayt.  Jacob 
was  the  author  of  more  than  thirty  works,  of  which  twenty- 
five  were  law-books.  Of  all  these  publications,  the  only 
ones  now  in  request  are:  1.  Complete  Court-Keeper,  or 
Land-Steward's  Assistant,  Lon.,  1715,  8vo;  8th  ed.,  1819, 
8vo.  2.  Poetical  Register;  or,  Lives  and  Characters  of  the 
English  Dramatic  Poets,  1723,  2  vols.  8vo. 

"Notwithstanding  some  few  errors  in  it,  it  is  by  much  the  best 
book  of  the  kind  hitherto  extant." — Biog.  Dramat.,  1764. 

"  Nearly  of  the  same  mean  and  despicable  nature  as  Winstanley's 
English  Poets."— Sir  S.  E.  Brydges's  Phillips' s  Tlieat.  Poet.  Anglic., 
pp.  1.,  Ixxvii.  q.  v. 

Jacob's  own  dramas — Love  in  a  Wood,  a  Farce,  1714, 
12mo,  and  The  Soldier's  Last  Stake,  a  Comedy— gained 
their  author  no  distinction ;  and  the  latter  was  ridiculed 
by  Dr.  Sewel. 

3.  New  Law  Dictionary,  1729,  fol.;  llth  ed.,  1797,  2 
vols.  4to.     Last  and  best  ed.  by  Sir  T.  E.  Tomline,  edited 
(4th  ed.  of  Tomline's)  by  T.  C.  Granger,  1835,  2  vols.  4to; 
Phila.,  1836,  3  vols.  8vo. 

"For  practical  purposes  Bouvier's  Law  Dictionary  is  in  every  re- 
epect  much  to  be  preferred  to  the  English  work."— Marvin's  Leg. 
Bibl.,  693. 

4.  Law  Grammar,  1749 ;  8th  ed.,  by  John  Hargrave,  1840, 
12mo.     See  Poetical  Register;  Biog.  Dramat.;  Bridgman's 
Leg.  Bibl. ;  Watt's  Bibl.  Brit. ;  Wallace's  Reporters ;  Do 
naldson's  Agricult.  Biog. ;  Disraeli's  Quarrels  of  Authors. 
This  voluminous  author  did  not  escape  the  compliments 
of  the  great  satirist  of  the  age  : 

"Jacob,  the  scourge  of  Grammar,  mark  with  awe, 
Nor  less  revere  the  blunderbuss  of  law." 

Dunciad,  b.  iii.  1. 149. 

Jacob,  Henry,  d.  in  Virginia  soon  after  1624,  founder 
of  the  first  Independent  Congregational  Church  in  Eng 
land,  was  a  native  of  Kent,  educated  at  St.  Mary's  Hall, 
Oxford,  and  obtained  the  benefice  of  Cheriton,  in  Kent. 
He  pub.  a  Treatise  on  the  Sufferings  and  Victorie  of  Christ, 
Lon.,  1598,  8vo,  a  Defence  of  the  same,  1600,  4to,  and 
several  theolog.  works,  for  an  account  of  which  see  Genl. 
Diet.;  Athen.  Oxon.;  Strype's  Life  of  Whitgift.  Jacob's 
treatise,  noticed  above,  was  the  first  answer  to  Bp.  Bilson's 
Serms.  on  Redemption,  preached  in  1597,  pub.  1598,  8vo. 
See  BILSON,  THOMAS. 

Jacob,  Henry,  1606  or  '07-1652,  son  of  the  preceding, 
•was  the  author  of  Oratio  Inauguralis,  Grseca  et  Latina 
Poemata,  English  Poetry,  &c.,  (all  pub.  by  Henry  Birkhead, 
1652,  4to,)  and  left  some  learned  treatises  in  MS.  See 
Athen.  Oxon.;  Biog.  Brit.,  art.  Dickinson. 

Jacob,  Henry.     Hebrew  Grammar,  1810,  8vo. 
Jacob,  Ililde  brand.     Bedlam;  a  Poem,  Lon.,  1723, 
4to. 

Jacob,  John.     Theolog.  treatises,  Lon.,  1678-79. 
Jacob,  John.     Annals  of  the  British  Norinan  Isles, 
Lon.,  imp.  8vo. 

Jacob,  Joseph.  Serms.,  1702,  '05,  both  4to.  See 
Bogue  and  Bennett's  Hist,  of  Dissenters;  Lon.  Quar.  Rev., 
x.  118,  (by  Robt.  Southey.) 

Jacob,  Joseph.  Wheel-Carriages,  Ac.,  Lon.,  1773, 
'74,  both  4to.  See  Donaldson's  Agricult.  Biog. 

Jacob,  M.  The  Days,  Months,  and  Seasons  of  the 
Year,  Lon.,  1853,  sq. 

Jacob,  W.  S.  A  Few  More  Words  on  the  Plurality 
of  Worlds,  Lon.,  1855,  fp.  8vo. 

Jacob,  William,  d.  1851,  aged  89,  at  one  time  a  Lon 
don  merchant,  and  M.P.  from  1808-12,  pub.  Travels  in  the 
South  of  Spain  in  1809-10,  4to,  Lon.,  1811,  (favourably 
reviewed  in  Edin.  Rev.,  xviii.  123-152,)  and  several  treatises 
on  subjects  of  Political  Economy,  among  which  are— 1.  Two 
Reports  on  the  Trade  in  Corn,  and  the  Agricult.  of  the 
North  of  Europe,  1826-27,  fol. ;  printed  by  H.  of  C. 

"These  Reports  contain  a  great  deal  of  valuable  information  re 
specting  the  agriculture  and  statistics  of  the  North  of  Europe." — 
JfcCulloch's  Lit.  of  Polit.  Econ.,  79. 

2.  An  Inquiry  into  the  Production  and  Consumption  of 

the  Precious  Metals,  1831,  2  vols.  8vo.     Undertaken  ai 

the  suggestion  of  Mr.  Huskisson,  who  assisted  the  author 

"Though  perhaps  the  best  on  the  subject,  this  work  is  very  de- 


fective.  It  was  reviewed,  and  some  of  its  deficiencies  pointed  ont, 
in  the  55th  volume  of  the  Edinburgh  Review." — McCuLLOCH :  ubi 
supra,  356. 

Yet  the  work  is  highly  commended  by  the  Edin.  Rev., 
the  Lon.  Quar.  Rev.,  the  Times,  and  the  Spectator.  See 
HUSKISSON,  WILLIAM,  M.P.  A  Biography  of  Mr.  Jacob 
will  be  found  in  Lon.  Gent.  Mag.,  May,  1852.  See  also 
index  to  Blackw.  Mug.,  vols.  i.-l. 

Jacobs,  Frederic.  1.  First  Greek  Reader,  with  Notes 
by  Edwards,  Lon.,  12mo.  2.  Latin  Reader,  Pt.  1,  15th 
ed.  1855,  12mo;  Pt.  2,  9th  ed.  1855, 12mo.  3.  Hellas;  or, 
the  Home  Hist.,  &c.  of  the  Greeks,  1855,  fp.  8vo. 

Jacobs,  SarahS.,  a  residentof  Cambridgeport,  Mass., 

s  a  native  of  Rhode  Island,  and  the  daughter  of  the  late 

Rev.  Bela  Jacobs,  a  Baptist  minister.     Miss  Jacobs  is  the 

author  of  a  number  of  poems  not  yet  collected,  some  of 

which  will  be  found  in  Griswold's  Female  Poets  of  America. 

Miss  Jacobs  has  recently  pub.  a  vol.  entitled  Nonantum 

and  Natick,  Mass.  S.  S.  Soc.,  Bost.,  1854,  12mo.     This  is 

a  history,  in  a  popular  style,  of  the  New  England  Indian 

tribes,  with  a  sketch  of  the  missionary  labours  of  John 

Eliot,  the  Apostle  to  the  Indians.    It  has  been  commended. 

Jacobs,  T.  G.     Scenes,   Incidents,   and  Adventures 

in  the  Pacific  Ocean,  under  Capt.  B.  Morrell,  N.  York,  12mo. 

Jacobs,  Wm.     1.  Latin  Reader,  by  Edwards:  Pt.  1, 

9th  ed.,   1843,   12mo;    Pt.   2,  6th  ed.,    1839,   12mo.     By 

Major;  2d  ed.,  1S42,  fp.  8vo.     2.  Mysteries  of  the  Latin 

Language  Revealed,  1840, 12mo.    3.  Self-Instructing  Latin 

Classics,  1842,  2  vols.  12mo.     4.  Do.  Grammar,  1843, 12mo. 

Jacobson,  James.    Tobias,  a  Dramatic  Poem;  with 

other  pieces,  1818,  fp.  8vo. 

Jacobson,  Wm.,  Vicar  of  Ewelme,  1847;  Regius 
Prof,  of  Divinity,  Oxford,  1848;  Canon  of  Christ  Church; 
formerly  Vice-Principal  of  Magdalene  Hall,  Oxf.,  and  Per 
petual  Curate  of  Iffley.  1.  Patres  Apostolici,  Oxf.,  1840, 
2  vols.  8vo ;  3d  ed.,  1847,  2  vols.  8vo.  Reviewed  in  Edin. 
Rev.,  Ixxxiv.  195.  2.  XVI.  Serms.,  1840, 12mo.  3.  Serms. 
at  Iffley ;  2d  ed.,  1846,  12mo. 

Jacobus,  Melancthon  Williams,  D.D.,  b.  1816,  at 
Newark,  N.J.,  Prof,  of  Oriental  and  Biblical  Literature 
and  Exegesis  in  the  Western  Theological  Seminary,  Pres 
byterian  Church.  1.  Letters  to  Bishop  O'Connor  and  Gov. 
Bigler  on  the  Public  School  Controversy.  2.  Notes  on  the 
Gospels  and  Acts,  N.  York,  1849-52,  3  vols.  12mo.  Vol. 
i.  contains  Matthew,  with  the  harmony;  vol.  ii.,  Mark  and 
Luke;  vol.  iii.,  John  and  Acts.  3.  Question-Books  de 
signed  to  accompany  the  preceding  three  vols. 

"  Dr.  Jacobus  possesses  many  qualifications  for  a  successful  com 
mentator  on  the  sacred  Scriptures.  To  a  mind  vigorous  by  original 
endowment,  he  adds  the  varied  stores  of  sacred  learning,  analytical 
powers  of  a  high  order,  a  sound  judgment,  a  severe  literary  taste, 
a  deep-toned  piety,  an  earnest  love  of  truth,  a  familiarity  with  Bib 
lical  places,  objects,  and  customs,  from  personal  observation;  while 
the  style  in  which  he  clothes  his  thoughts  is  clear,  strong,  compact, 
and  epigrammatic.  His  plan  has  some  novel  features  which  en 
hance  the  value  of  his  labours." — Bibliotheca  Sacra. 

"  The  author,  by  his  learning,  taste,  and  skill,  is  eminently  quali 
fied  for  the  responsible  work  of  an  annotator  on  the  Holy  Scrip 
tures." — Zion's  Herald. 

Jacocks,   A.   B.     General   Features   of  the  Moral 
Government  of  God,  Bost,  1848,  12rno. 
Jacomb,  Robert.     Serin.,  Lon.,  1785,  8vo. 
Jacomb,  Thomas,  D.D.,  1622-1687,  ejected  from  the 
living  of  St.  Martin,  Ludgate,  for  Non-conformity,  1662. 
He  was  one  of  the  continuators  of  Poole's  Annotations. 
He  pub.  a  Treatise  Of  Holy  Dedication,  Lon.,  1688,  8vo; 
three  single  serins.,  1657 ;  and  18  Serms.  on  Rom.  vii.  1-4. 
"His  sermons  are  clear,  solid,  and  affectionate."— DR.  W.  BATES. 
Jacomb,  Wm.     Three  Serms.,  1719-36. 
Jacque,  James.     System  of  the  World,  Lon.,  1800. 
Jacques,  Alexander,  Jr.,  b.  in  London,  1830,  a 
son  of  Alexander  Jacques,  is  the  author  of  a  Memoir  on 
Delagoa  Bay,  1856. 

Jacques,  John.  Ordination  by  meer  Presbyters 
proved  void  and  null,  Lon.,  1707,  8vo. 

Jacques,  Wm.  Trans,  of  A.  G.  Francke's  Guide  to 
the  Reading,  &c.  of  the  Scriptures,  with  Life  of  the  Author, 
Lon.,  1815,  8vo. 

"  Francke's  Manuductio  [the  above  work]  deserves  to  be  often 
read.  It  contains  the  best  rules  for  studying  the  Scriptures  that  I 
ever  remember  to  have  seen." — DR.  DODDRIDGE. 

Mr.  Samuel  Jackson  has  recently  favoured  us  with  a 
trans,  of  Guericke's  Life  of  the  excellent  Francke,  Lon., 
1837,  12mo.  Jacques  also  pub.  a  book  on  Arithmetic  and 
one  on  Ciphering  in  1815,  and  an  Essay  on  Intellectual 
Education. 

Jacquin,  J.     Con.  to  Med.  Obs.  and  Inq.,  1755. 
Jadis,   Henry.     Catalogue   of  some   Books   in  his 
Library,  Lon.,  1826,  r.  8vo.    Privately  printed.    Pp.  37-48 
comprise   Shakesperiana :    a  complete   collection  of  the 


JAE 


JAM 


Books  and  Pamphlets  relative  to  Shakespeare.     Notices  ! 
of  Mr.  Jadis's  valuable  Library  will  be  found  in  Dibdin's 
Lib.  Comp.,  ed.  1825,  388-389,  394,  396,  815. 

Jaeger,  Professor  B.  1.  Class-Book  of  Zoology, 
N.  York,  18mo.  Highly  commended.  2.  The  Life  of  N. 
American  Insects,  Providence,  R.I.,  8vo.  In  this  work 
Prof.  J.  was  assisted  by  H.  C.  Preston,  M.D. 

Jagel,  Abr.     Catechis.  Judseorum,  Lon.,  1696,  fol. 

Jager,  Robert.     Decimals,  Lon.,  1651,  8vo. 

Jago,  Richard,  1715-1781,  son  of  the  Rev.  Richard 
Jago,  (Rector  of  Beaudesert,  Warwickshire,)  was  educated 
at  University  College,  Oxford,  and  presented  successively 
to  the  livings  of  Harbury,  Chesterton,  Snitterfield,  and 
Kimcote.  He  was  the  author  of  two  sermons,  1755,  8vo, 
1763,  8vo;  Edgehill,  a  Poem,  1767,  4to;  Labour  and  Ge 
nius  ;  or,  The  Mill- Stream  and  the  Cascade,  a  Fable,  1768, 
4to;  an  Elegy  on  Blackbirds,  pub.^in  the  Adventurer  as 
Gilbert  West's,-  and  other  poetical  pieces.  A  collective 
edit,  of  his  Poems,  with  an  account  of  the  author's  life, 
was  pub.  in  1784,  8vo,  by  John  Scott  Hylton.  Jago  was 
a  poet  of  some  merit,  and,  what  is  still  more  to  his  credit, 
an  excellent  parish  priest.  See  his  life,  by  Hylton ;  John 
son  and  Chalmers's  Brit.  Poets;  Nichols's  Lit  Anec. 

Jagoe,  J.     Legal  publications,  Lon.,  1846-51. 

Jakob,  The  rose  A.  L.  You.  See  ROBINSON,  MRS. 
EDWARD, 

James  I.,  King  of  Scotland,  1395-1437,  the  second 
son  of  King  Robert  III.,  was  captured  by  an  English 
cruiser  when  on  his  way  to  France  in  1405,  and  kept  a 
prisoner  in  England  until  1423,  when  he  ascended  the 
Scottish  throne.  He  was  assassinated  by  some  rebellious 
subjects  at  Perth  in  1437.  He  employed  his  imprisonment 
to  such  good  purpose  as  to  become  famous  for  his  erudition 
and  manifold  accomplishments.  As  an  author  he  is  best 
known  by  The  King's  Quhair,  (Book,)  consisting  of  197 
seven-lined  stanzas,  and  elicited  by  the  charms  of  the 
Lady  Jane  Beaufort,  of  the  blood-royal  of  England,  whom 
he  beheld  in  the  garden  from  his  window  in  Windsor 
Castle.  Need  we  add  that  the  restoration  to  freedom  left 
the  royal  wooer  still  a  captive,  and  that  the  Lady  Jane 
became  Queen  of  Scotland  ?  The  other  poems  ascribed  to 
him  are  Christis  Kirk  of  the  Grene ;  (also  attributed  to 
James  V.;)  Peblis  to  the  Play,  (doubtful;)  Falkland  on  the 
Grene,  a  Song  on  Absence,  and  some  minor  pieces.  The 
Poetical  Remains  of  James  L,  edited  by  Win.  Tytler,  were 
pub.,  Edin.,  1783,  8vo.  The  Works  of  James  L,  contain 
ing  the  three  poems  noticed  above,  with  two  others  gene 
rally  ascribed  to  King  James  V., — The  Gaberlun/ie  Man, 
and  the  Jollie  Beggar, — were  pub.  at  Perth,  1786,  12mo. 
Tytler's  edit,  is  accused,  by  Ritson  and  others,  of  many 
errors.  The  poems  of  James  will  also  be  found  in  Sib- 
bald's  Chronicles  of  Scottish  Poetry.  It  is  alleged  that 
portions  of  The  King's  Quhair  are  superior  to  any  poetry 
produced  in  England,  with  the  exception  of  Chaucer's, 
before  the  age  of  Elizabeth.  Indeed,  Ellis  says, 

"  It  is  full  of  simplicity  and  feeling,  and  is  not  inferior  in  poetical 
merit  to  any  similar  production  of  Chaucer." — Spec,  of  the  Early 
Eng.  Poets,  ed.  1845,  i.  244. 

Hallam  remarks  that 

"The  King's  Quhair  is  a  long  allegory,  polished  and  imaginative, 
but  with  some  of  the  tediousiiess  usual  in  such  productions." — Lit. 
Hist,  of  Europe,  ed.  1854,  i.  126. 

But  perhaps  no  one  has  better  described  the  author  and 
his  poem  than  Washington  Irving,  in  the  article  entitled 
A  Royal  Poet,  in  the  Sketch-Book.  This  admirable 
sketch — which  was  declared  by  Lockhart  (Blackwood's 
Mag.,  vL  559,  Feb.  1820)  to  be  "infinitely  more  graceful 
than  any  piece  of  American  writing  that  ever  came  from 
any  other  hand,  and  well  entitled  to  be  classed  with  the 
best  English  writings  of  our  day" — is,  or  ought  to  be, 
familiar  to  all  of  our  readers. 

"  I  have  been  particularly  interested,"  remarks  Irving,  after  a 
visit  to  the  prince's  former  prison  in  Windsor  Castle,  "by  those 
parts  of  the  poem  which  breathe  his  immediate  thoughts  concern 
ing  his  situation,  or  which  are  connected  with  the  apartment  in 
the  Tower.  They  have  thus  a  personal  and  local  charm,  and  are 
given  with  such  circumstantial  truth  as  to  make  the  reader  present 
with  the  captive  in  his  prison,  and  the  companion  of  his  medita 
tions.  ...  As  an  amatory  poem  it  is  edifying,  in  these  days  of 
coarser  thinking,  to  notice  the  nature,  refinement,  and  exquisite 
delicacy  which  pervade  it,  banishing  every  gross  thought  or  im 
modest  expression,  and  presenting  female  loveliness  clothed  in  all 
its  chivalrous  attributes  of  almost  supernatural  purity  and  grace." 
—Sketch-Book,  ed.  N.  York,  1855, 109-110, 117. 

It  is  declared  that  James  was  as  ready  with  his  sword 
as  with  his  pen,  and  equally  so,  we  may  add,  with  his  feet, 
voice,  and  fingers,  for  he  could  sing,  dance,  and  play  on 
eight  different  instruments  of  music.  The  Scotch  histo 
rians  can  never  say  enough  in  his  praise : 

"Ita  orator  erat,  ut  ejus  dictione  nihil  merit  artificiosius :  ita 


Poeta,  nt  carmina  non  tarn  arte  strinxisse,  quam  natura  spont 
fudisse  videretur.  Cui  rem  fidem  faciunt  carmina  diversi  generii 
quee  in  rhythmum  Scotice  illigavit,  eo  artificio,"  &c. — BISHOP  LEI 
LEY:  De  Rebus  Gest.  Scot.,  ed.  1675,  4to,  lib.  vii.  257,  266,  267. 

See  also  Hector  Boetius's  Scotorum  Hist. ;  other  historic 
of  the  period,  and  King  James's  Works;  Pinkerton's  An 
cient  Scottish  Poems;  Major  de  Gestes  Scotorum;  Ales 
sandro  Tassoni,  Pensieri  Diversi;  Mackenzie's  Lives 
Irving's  Lives  of  the  Scottish  Poets;  Park's  Walpole's  B 
and  N.  Authors;  Geo.  Chalmers's  Poetic  Remains  of  som 
of  the  Scottish  Kings,  now  first  collected,  1824;  Scoti 
Rediviva;  Chambers  and  Thomson's  Biog.  Diet,  of  Emi 
nent  Scotsmen;  Life  in  Rees's  Cyc.,  by  Dr.  Burney 
Warton's  Hist,  of  Eng.  Poet.;  Scott's  Poet.  Works,  Al 
bottsford  edit.,  1851,  542,  545;  Prescott's  Miscellanies,  ec 
1855,  282. 

James  II.,  King  of  Scotland,  son  of  the  preceding 
was  killed  at  the  siege  of  Roxburgh,  1460,  in  the  29t 
year  of  his  age.  Epistola  ad  Carolum  VII.  See  D'Achery 
Spicil.,  iii.  801. 

James  IV.,  King  of  Scotland,  grandson  of  the  pre 
ceding,  was  killed  at  the  battle  of  Flodden  Field,  1513,  age 
40.  He  is  said  by  Bishop  Tanner  (Bibliotheca)  to  hav 
written  upon  the  Apocalypse ;  but  this  is  doubtful.  Se 
Park's  Walpole's  R.  and  N.  Authors. 

James  V.,  King  of  Scotland,  son  of  the  preceding 
d.  1542,  in  the  33d  year  of  his  age.  To  him  are  ascribe 
Christis  Kirk  of  the  Grene,  and  the  Gaberlunzie  Man,  (se 
James  I.,  ante.)  These  two  were  pub.  by  John  Callandei 
Edin.,  1782,  8vo.  See  Park's  R.  and  N.  Authors;  Pinkei 
ton's  Select  Scottish  Ballads;  Watt's  Bibl.  Brit.;  Lowndes' 
Bibl.  Man.  Christis  Kirk  of  the  Grene  is  a  great  favoui 
ite  with  the  Scotch  : 

"  One  likes  no  language  hut  the  Faery  Queen : 
Or  Scot  will  fight  for  Christ's  Kirk  o'  the  Green." 

POPE:  Imit.  of  Hor.,  lib.  ii.  ep.  1. 

James  VI.  of  Scotland  and  I.  of  England,  1566 
1625,  grandson  of  the  preceding,  and  only  child  of  Marj 
Queen  of  Scots,  by  her  cousin,  Henry  Stuart,  Lord  Darnlej 
when  only  18  years  of  age  pub.  a  vol.  entitled  Essayes  of 
Prentice  in  the  Divine  Art  of  Poesie,  with  the  Rewles  an 
Cau teles  to  be  pursued  and  avoided,  Edin.,  1584,  4to.  I 
this  vol.  we  have  a  mixture  of  poetry  and  prose,  neithe 
of  much  value.  The  latter  gives  the  reader  instruction 
in  the  proper  mode  of  making  verse.  This  was  reprinte 
in  Edin.,  1814,  sm.  4to,  with  a  Prefatory  Memoir  by  R.  I 
Gillies.  A  copy  of  the  original  ed.  was  sold  at  Bindley' 
sale  for  £26  5«.  In  1591  appeared  His  Maiesties  Poetical 
Exercises  at  Vacant  Houres,  4to,  and  other  works  followe 
this  collection.  In  1616  (fol.)  was  given  to  the  world  a  col 
lective  ed.  of  his  prose  compositions: 

James  I.  his  workes,  pub.  by  the  Bp.  of  Winchestei 
Fine  portrait  by  Passe,  and  frontispiece  by  Elstrack,  foli< 
Containing  Paraphrase  on  Revelation,  Meditations,  Basi 
licon  Doron,  Daemonology,  Counterblast  to  Tobacco,  Lai 
of  Free  Monarchies,  Powder  Treason,  Defence  of  th 
Rights  of  Kings,  Praemonition  to  Christian  Monarch! 
Speeches,  <fce. 

For  an  account  of  the  separate  publications  of  his  ma 
jesty,  and  works  connected  with  his  reign,  we  must  refe 
the  reader  to  Watt's  Bibl.  Brit. ;  Lowndes's  Bibl.  Man. 
Park's  Walpole's  R.  and  N.  Authors ;  Sir  J.  Harrington' 
Nugae  Antiquae;  Arthur  Wilson's  Hist,  of  his  Life  an 
Reign;  the  histories  of  the  time;  Decker's  Entertainmeii 
to  K.  James;  Nichols's  Progress  of  James  I.;  Times  o 
James  L,  1848,  2  vols.  8vo;  Disraeli's  Literary  Charactei 
and  Quarrels  of  Authors;  Lon.  Retrospec.  Rev.,  xi.  88 
Index  to  Blackw.  Mag.,  vols.  i.-l.  Nor  must  we  omit  t 
mention  Secret  Histories  of  the  Court  of  James  L,  wit 
Notes  and  Introduction  by  Sir  W.  Scott,  2  vols.  8v< 
1811.  CONTENTS  :  Osborne's  Traditional  Memoirs,  Sir  A 
Weldon's  Court  and  Character  of  James  I.,  Aulicus  Coqui 
nariae,  Sir  E.  Peyton's  Divine  Catastrophe  of  the  Hous 
of  Stuart. 

As  an  author  his  majesty  certainly  has  not  enjoyed  th 
same  reputation  since  his  death  that  he  did  in  the  mids 
of  his  brilliant  court.  Horace  Walpole — not  generally  un 
willing  to  find  merit  in  noble  pens — dismisses  his  majesty' 
literary  claims  with  more  wit  than  flattery  : 

"One  remark  I  cannot  avoid  making:  the  king's  speech  is  a 
ways  supposed  by  parliament  to  be  the  speech  of  the  minister :  hoi 
cruel  would  it  have  been  on  King  James's  ministers,  if  that  intei 
pretation  had  prevailed  in  his  reign !  .  .  .  Bishop  Montague  tram 
lated  all  his  majesty's  works  into  Latin:  a  man  of  so  much  patienc 
was  well  worthy  of  favour."— .R.  and  N.  Authors,  Park's  ed., 
115-116, 120. 

As  regards  his  theological  abilities,  an  eminent  authorit; 
remarks : 

"His  character  as  a  man  unfortunately  adds  no  weight  to  hi 


JAM 

sentiments  as  an  expositor;  and  his  works  would  long  ago  have 
been  forgotten,  had  they  not  been  the  production  of  a  royal  author. 
I  ought  not  to  omit  his  Majesty's  poetical  translation  of  the  Psalms 
of  David ;  a  poor  production  from  a  scholar  of  Buchanan." — Grime's 
Bibl.  Bib. 

James  II.,  King  of  England,1633-1701,  second  son 
of  the  preceding,  wrote  an  account  of  his  life,  which  was 
preserved  in  MSS.  in  the  Scotch  College  at  Paris  until  the 
Revolution,  and  was  subsequently  destroyed.  See  CLARKE, 
JAMES  STANIER;  INNES,  Louis;  INNES,  THOMAS.  The 
Royal  Tracts  of  James  II.  were  pub.  in  Paris,  1692,  Svo. 
Some  other  productions  were  ascribed  to  his  majesty.  See 
Park's  Walpole's  R.  and  N.  Authors;  Lowndes's  Bibl. 
Man. ;  Watt's  Bibl.  Brit. ;  Frankland's  Annals  of  James  I. 
and  Charles  I.,  1681,  fol. ;  C.  J.  Fox's  Life  of  James  II., 
and  other  histories  of  the  period ;  Disraeli's  Quarrels  of 
Authors ;  Bp.  Goodman's  Hist,  of  hia  Own  Time. 

James.  Digest  of  the  Laws  of  South  Carolina,  Co 
lumbia,  1814,  Svo. 

"An  imperfect  book,  not  respected,  and  but  little  used." — Orif- 
fiWs  Law  Reg.,  824. 

James,  Mrs.     Vindic.  of  Ch.  of  England. 

James,  Capt.  Charles,  pub.  some  poems,  legal, 
political,  and  military  works.  Military  Dictionary,  Lon., 
1802,  4to;  3d  ed.  1811,  2  vols.  8vo;  again,  1817,  Svo. 

James,  David.     Serms.,  1780,  1804,  both  Svo. 

James,  Edward.  Remarks  on  the  Mines,  Manage 
ment,  Ores,  Ac.  of  the  District  of  Guanaxuato,  belonging 
to  the  Anglo-Mexican  Mining-Association,  Lon.,  1827. 
Reviewed  in  Lon.  Quar.  Rev.,  xxxvi.  81-106. 

James,  Edwin.  Expect,  from  Pittsburg  to  the 
Rocky  Mountains,  1819-20,  under  the  command  of  Major 

5.  H.  Long,  U.S.  T.E.,  Phila,  1823,  2  vols.  4to,  and  atlas; 
Lon.,   1823,  3  vols.  Svo.     Mr.   James   was   botanist   and 
geologist  to  the  Expedition,  which  is  known  as  Major 
Long's  First  Expedition.     Reviewed  in  the  North  Amer. 
Rev.,  xvi.  242-269,  and  in  the  Lon.  Quar.  Rev.,  xxix.  1-25. 
For  a  notice  of  the   Second  Expedition,  see  KEATING, 
WILLIAM  H. 

James,  Edwin.   B'krupt  Act,  5  &  6  Viet.,  1842, 12mo. 

James,  Elizabeth  Mary.  Select,  from  the  Annals 
of  Virtue  of  Madame  de  Sillery,  1795,  Svo. 

James,  Francis.  Threnodia  Henric.  Exequiarum, 
1612.  See  Wood's  Fasti  Oxon. 

James,  George  Payne  Rainsford,  b.  in  London 
about  1800,  commenced  his  literary  career  at  an  early  age 
by  anonymous  contributions  to  the  journals  and  reviews 
which  catered  to  the  literary  taste  of  "  a  discerning  pub 
lic."  Some  of  these  juvenile  effusions  fell  under  the 
notice  of  Washington  Irving,  and  this  gentleman,  with 
his  usual  kindness  of  heart,  encouraged  the  young  author 
to  venture  upon  something  of  a  more  important  character 
than  the  fugitive  essays  which  had  hitherto  employed  his 
pen.  Thus  strengthened  in  his  literary  proclivity,  the 
young  aspirant  nibbed  his  "gray-goose  quill,"  commenced 
author  in  earnest,  and  gave  to  the  world  in  1822  his  first 
work, — a  Life  of  Edward  the  Black  Prince.  Mr.  James 
now  turned  his  attention  to  a  field  which  had  recently  been 
cultivated  with  eminent  success, — historical  romance, — 
and  completed  in  1825  his  novel  of  Richelieu,  which, 
having  received  the  favourable  verdict  of  Sir  Walter  Scott, 
made  its  appearance  in  1829.  This  was  followed  in  the 
next  year  by  Darnley  and  De  L'Orme. 

Richelieu  was  so  fortunate  as  to  secure  the  favour  of 
the  formidable  Christopher  North  of  Blackwood;  but  this 
invaluable  commendation  was  withheld  from  Darnley : 

"Mr.  Colburn  has  lately  given  us  two  books  of  a  very  different 
character,  Richelieu  and  Darnley.  Richelieu  is  one  of  the  most 
spirited,  amusing,  and  interesting  romances  I  ever  read;  characters 
well  drawn — incidents  well  managed — story  perpetually  progressive 
—catastrophe  at  once  natural  and  unexpected — moral  good,  but 
not  goody — and  the  whole  felt,  in  every  chapter,  to  be  the  work  of 
a— Gentleman."— ^Vocfes  Ambrosianse,  April,  1830;  Blackw.  Mag., 
xxvii.  688,  q.  v. 

From  this  time  to  the  present  (1858)  Mr.  James  has 
been  no  idler  in  the  Republic  of  Letters,  as  the  following 
alphabetical  list  of  his  writings  amply  proves: 

1.  Adra,  or  The  Peruvians;  a  Poem,  1  vol.  2.  Agin- 
court,  1844,  3  vols.  3.  Agnes  Sorrel,  1853,  3  vols.  4. 
Arabella  Stuart,  1853,  3  vols.  5.  Arrah  Neil,  1845.  3  vols. 

6.  Attila,  1837,  3  vols.     7.  Beauchamp,  1848,  3  vols.     8. 
Blanche  of  Navarre;  a  Play,  1839,  1  vol.     9.  Book  of  the 
Passions,  1838, 1  vol.     10.  Cameralzaman ;  a  Fairy  Drama, 
1848,  1  vol.     11.  Castelneau;  or,  The  Ancient   Regime, 
1841,  3  vols.     12.  Castle  of  Ehrenstein,  1847,  3  vols.     13. 
Charles  Tyrrell,  1839,  2  vols.     14.  City  of  the  Silent;  a 
Poem,  1  vol.     15.  Commissioner;  or,  De  Lunatico  Inqui- 
rendo,  1842,  1  vol.     16.  Convict,  1847,  3  vols.     17.  Corse 
de  Leon,  the  Brigand,  1841,  3  vols.     18.  Dark  Scenes  of 

950 


JAM 

History,  1849,  3  vols.  19.  Darnley,  1830,  3  vols.  20. 
Delaware,  3  vols. ;  subsequently  pub.  under  the  title  of 
Thirty  Years  Since,  1848,  1  vol.  21.  De  L'Orme,  1830,  3 
vols.  22.  Desultory  Man,  3  vols.  23.  Educational  In 
stitutions  of  Germany,  1  vol.  24.  Eva  St.  Clair,  and  other 
Tales,  1843,  2  vols.  25.  False  Heir,  1843,  3  vols.  26. 
Fate,  1851,  3  vols.  27.  Fight  of  the  Fiddlers,  1848,  1  vol. 
28.  Forest  Days,  1843,  3  vols.  29.  Forgery;  or,  Best  In 
tentions,  1848,  3  vols.  30.  Gentleman  of  the  Old  School, 
1839,  3  vols.  31.  Gipsy,  1835,  3  vols.  32.  Gowrie;  or, 
The  King's  Plot,  1  vol.  33.  Heidelberg,  1846,  3  vols. 
34.  Henry  Masterton,  1832,  3  vols.  35.  Henry  Smeaton, 
1850,  3  vols.  36.  Henry  of  Guise,  1839,  3  vols.  37.  His 
tory  of  Charlemagne,  1832, 1  vol.  38.  History  of  Chivalry, 

1  vol.     39.  Hist,  of  Louis  XIV.,  1838,  4  vols.    40.  Hist. 
of  Richard  Coeur  de  Lion,  1841-42,  4  vols.    41.  Huguenot, 
1838,    3   vols.     42.  Jacquerie,    1841,    3   vols.     43.   John 
Jones's   Tales   from    English    History,   for   Little   John 
Joneses,  1849,  2  vols.     44.  John  Marston  Hall,  1834,  3 
vols. ;  subsequently  pub.  under  the  title  of  Little  Ball  o' 
Fire,  1847,   1  vol.     45.  King's   Highway,   1840,   3  vols. 
46.  Last  of  the  Fairies,  1847,  1  vol.     47.  Life  of  Edward 
the  Black  Prince,  1822,  2  vols.     48.  Life  of  Henry  IV.  of 
France,  1847,  3  vols.     49.  Life  of  Vicissitudes,  1  vol.     50. 
Man-at-Arms,  1840,  3  vols.     51.  Margaret  Graham,  1847, 

2  vols.     52.  Mary  of  Burgundy,  1833,   3  vols.     53.  Me 
moirs  of  Great  Commanders,   1832,  3  vols.     54.  Morley 
Ernstein,  1842,  3  vols.     55.  My  Aunt  Pontypool,  3  vols. 
56.  Old  Dominion ;  or,  The  Southampton  Massacre,  1856, 

3  vols.     57.  Old  Oak  Chest,  3  vols.     58.  One  in  a  Thou 
sand,   1835,    3  vols.     59.  Pequinillo,    1852,   3  vols.     60. 
Philip  Augustus,  1831,  3  vols.     61.  Prince  Life,  1855,  1 
vol.     62.  Revenge,  1851,  3  vols. ;  so  styled  by  the  book 
seller,   without  the  author's  consent.     It  was  originally 
pub.   in  papers  under  a  different  name.     63.  Richelieu, 
1829,  3  vols.     64.  Robber,  1838,  3  vols.     65.  Rose  D'Al- 
bret,   1840,   3  vols.     66.  Russell,    1847,  3  vols.     67.  Sir 
Theodore  Broughton,  1847,  3  vols.     68.  Smuggler,  1845, 
3  vols.     69.  Stepmother,  1846,  3  vols.     70.  Story  without 
a  Name,  1852,  1  vol.     71.  String  of  Pearls,  1849,  2  vols. 
72.  Ticonderoga;  or,  The  Black  Eagle,  1854,  3  vols.     73. 
Whim  and  its  Consequences,  1847,  3  vols.     74.  Woodman, 
1847, 3  vols.    75.  Lord  Montagu's  Page,  Phila.,  1 858, 12ino. 

It  will  be  seen  that  the  above  list  presents  a  total  of  189 
vols., — viz. :  51  works  in  3  vols.  each,  2  in  4  vols.  each,  6  in 
2  vols.  each,  and  16  in  1  vol.  each.  Almost  all  of  these 
vols.  are  of  the  post-octavo  size.  Mr.  James  is  also  the 
editor  of  the  Vernon  Letters,  illustrative  of  the  times  of 
William  III.,  1841,  3  vols.  Svo;  and  of  Wm.  Henry  Ire 
land's  historical  romance  of  David  Rizzio,  1849,  3  vols.  p. 
Svo ;  and  was  associated  with  Dr.  E.  E.  Crowe  in  the  Lives 
of  the  Most  Eminent  Foreign  Statesmen,  1832-38,  5  vols. 
p.  Svo,  (4  vols.  were  Mr.  James's,  and  1  vol.  Dr.  Crowe's,) 
and  with  Mr.  Maunsell  B.  Field,  in  the  composition  of 
Adrian,  or  The  Clouds  of  the  Mind,  1852,  2  vols.  p.  Svo. 

To  this  list  may  be  added  Norfolk  and  Hereford,  (in  a 
collection  entitled  Seven  Tales  by  Seven  Authors,)  and 
enough  articles  in  various  periodicals  to  fill  eight  or  ten 
volumes.  Perhaps  we  should  not  omit  to  notice  that  a 
work  entitled  A  Brief  History  of  the  United  States  Bound 
ary  Question,  drawn  up  from  official  papers,  pub.  in  Lon 
don,  1839,  Svo,  and  ascribed  to  Mr.  James,  is  not  his  pro 
duction;  nor  had  he  any  share  (further  than  writing  a 
preface,  or  something  of  that  kind)  in  another  work  often 
credited  to  him, — Memoirs  of  Celebrated  Women,  1837,  2 
vols.  p.  Svo.  During  the  reign  of  William  IV.  the  author 
received  the  appointment  of  historiographer  of  Great 
Britain ;  but  this  post  was  resigned  by  him  many  years 
since. 

There  have  been  new  edits,  of  many  of  Mr.  James's 
novels,  and  some  or  all  of  them  have  appeared  in  Bentley's 
Series  of  Standard  Novels.  There  has  been  also  a  Parlour- 
Library  Edition.  A  collective  edit,  was  pub.  by  Smith, 
Elder  &  Co.,  commencing  in  June,  1844,  and  continued  by 
Parry,  and  by  Simpkin,  Marshall  &  Co.  In  America  they 
have  been  popular,  and  pub.  in  large  quantities. 

About  1850,  Mr.  James,  with  his  family,  removed  per 
manently  to  the  United  States.  He  was  British  Consul  at 
Richmond,  Virginia,  from  1852  to  Sept.  1858,  when  he  was 
appointed  Consul  at  Venice,  where  he  now  (1858)  resides. 
The  space  which  we  have  occupied  by  a  recital  of  the  titles 
only  of  Mr.  James's  volumes  necessarily  restricts  the 
quotation  of  criticisms  upon  the  merits  or  demerits  of  their 
contents.  It  has  fallen  to  the  lot  of  few  authors  to  be  so 
much  read,  and  at  the  same  time  so  much  abused,  as  the 
owner  of  the  fertile  pen  which  claims  the  long  list  of 
novels  commencing  with  Richelieu  in  1S29  and  extending 


JAM 


JAM 


to  Lord  Montagu's  Page  in  1858.  That  there  should  be  a 
family  likeness  in  this  numerous  race — where  so  many,  too, 
are  nearly  of  an  age — can  be  no  matter  of  surprise.  The 
mind,  like  any  other  artisan,  can  only  construct  from 
materials  which  lie  within  its  range;  and  when  no  time  is 
allowed  for  the  accumulation  and  renewal  of  these,  it  is 
vain  to  hope  that  variety  of  architecture  will  conceal  the 
identity  of  substance.  Yet,  after  all,  the  champion  of  this 
popular  author  will  probably  argue  that  this  objection 
against  the  writings  of  Mr.  James  is  greatly  overstated 
and  extravagantly  overestimated.  The  novelist  can  draw 
only  from  the  experience  of  human  life  in  its  different 
phases,  and  these  admit  not  of  such  variety  as  the  inordi 
nate  appetite  of  the  modern  Athenians  unreasonably  de 
mands.  A  new  series  of  catastrophes  and  perplexities,  of 
mortifications  and  triumphs,  of  joys  and  sorrows,  cannot 
be  evoked  for  the  benefit  of  the  reader  of  each  new  novel. 
Again,  Mr.  James's  admirer  insists  that  this  charge  of 
sameness  so  often  urged  against  our  novelist's  writings 
is  perhaps  overstated.  Where  one  author,  as  is  frequently 
the  case,  gains  the  reputation  of  versatility  of  talent  by 
writing  one  or  two  volumes,  it  is  not  to  be  believed  that 
Mr.  James  exhibits  less  in  one  or  two  hundred.  He  who 
composes  a  library  is  not  to  be  judged  by  the  same 
standard  as  he  who  writes  but  one  book.  And  eyen  if 
the  charge  of  "sameness"  be  admitted  to  its  full  extent, 
yet  many  will  cordially  concur  with  the  grateful  and 
graceful  acknowledgment  of  one  of  the  most  eminent  of 
modern  critics: 

"  I  hail  every  fresh  publication  of  James,  though  I  half  know 
what  he  is  going  to  do  with  his  lady,  and  his  gentleman,  and  his 
landscape,  and  his  mystery,  and  his  orthodoxy,  and  his  criminal 
trial.  But  I  am  charmed  with  the  new  amusement  which  he 
brings  out  of  old  materials.  I  look  on  him  as  I  look  on  a  musician 
famous  for  "variations."  I  am  grateful  for  his  vein  of  cheerful 
ness,  for  bis  singularly  varied  and  vivid  landscapes,  for  his  power 
of  painting  women  at  once  ladylike  and  loving,  (a  rare  talent,)  for 
making  lovers  to  match,  at  once  beautiful  and  well-bred,  and  for 
the  solace  which  all  this  has  afforded  me,  sometimes  over  and  over 
again,  in  illness  and  in  convalescence,  when  I  required  interest 
without  violence,  and  entertainment  at  once  animated  and  mild." — 
LEIGH  HUNT. 

Two  of  the  severest  criticisms  to  which  Mr.  James's 
novels  have  been  subjected  are,  the  one  in  the  London 
Athenaeum  for  April  11,  1846,  and  the  one  in  the  North 
American  Review  (by  E.  P.  Whipple)  for  April,  1844. 
From  each  of  these  we  quote  a  few  lines  : 

"The  first  and  most  obvious  contrivance  for  the  attainment  of 
quantity  is,  of  course,  Dilution;  but  this  recourse  has  practically 
its  limit,  and  Mr.  James  had  reached  it  long  ago.  Commonplace 
in  its  best  day,  any  thing  more  feeble,  vapid, — sloppy,  in  fact,  (for 
we  know  not  how  to  characterize  this  writer's  style  but  by  some 
of  its  own  elegancies,) — than  Mr.  James's  manner  has  become,  it 
were  difficult  to  imagine.  Every  literary  grace  has  been  swamped 
in  the  spreading  marasmus  of  his  style." — Athenseum :  ubi  supra. 

"  He  is  a  most  scientific  expositor  of  the  fact  that  a  man  may  be 
a  maker  of  books  without  being  a  maker  of  thoughts ;  that  he  may 
be  the  reputed  author  of  a  hundred  volumes  and  flood  the  market 
with  his  literary  wares,  and  yet  have  very  few  ideas  and  principles 
for  his  stock  in  trade.  For  the  last  ten  years  he  has  been  repeating 
his  own  repetitions  and  echoing  his  own  echoes.  His  first  novel 
was  a  shot  that  went  through  the  target,  and  he  has  ever  since 
been  assiduously  firing  through  the  hole.  .  .  .  When  a  man  has 
little  or  nothing  to  say,  he  should  say  it  in  the  smallest  space.  He 
should  not,  at  any  rate,  take  up  more  room  than  suffices  for  a 
creative  mind.  He  should  not  provoke  hostility  and  petulance  by 
the  effrontery  of  his  demands  upon  time  and  patience.  He  should 
let  us  off  with  a  few  volumes,  and  gain  our  gratitude  for  his  bene 
volence,  if  not  our  praise  for  his  talents." — E.  P.  WHIHPLE:  ubi 
supra,  and  in  his  Essays  and  Reviews,  ii.  116-137. 

We  have  spoken  of  Mr.  James's  champions  and  ad 
mirers  ;  and  such  are  by  no  means  fabulous  personages, 
notwithstanding  the  severe  censures  of  which  we  have  just 
exhibited  specimens.  A  brief  quotation  from  one  of  these 
eulogies  will  be  another  evidence  added  to  the  many  in 
this  volume  of  a  wide  dissimilarity  in  critical  opinions: 

"His  pen  is  prolific  enough  to  keep  the  imagination  constantly 
nourished ;  and  of  him,  more  than  of  any  modern  writer,  it  may 
be  said,  that  he  has  improved  his  style  by  the  mere  dint  of  constant 
and  abundant  practice.  For,  although  so  agreeable  a  novelist,  it 
must  not  be  forgotten  that  he  stands  infinitely  higher  as  an  histo 
rian.  .  .  .  The  most  fantastic  and  beautiful  coruscations  which  the 
skies  can  exhibit  to  the  eyes  of  mankind  dart  as  if  in  play  from 
the  huge  volumes  that  roll  out  from  the  crater  of  the  volcano.  .  .  . 
The  recreation  of  an  enlarged  intellect  is  ever  more  valuable  than 
the  highest  efforts  of  a  confined  one.  Hence  we  find  in  the  works 
before  us,  [Corse  de  Leon,  The  Ancient  Regime,  and  The  Jacquerie,] 
lightly  as  they  have  been  thrown  off,  the  traces  of  study, — the  foot 
steps  of  a  powerful  and  vigorous  understanding."— Dublin  Uni 
versity  Magazine,  March,  1842. 

The  Edinburgh  Review  concludes  some  comments  upon 
our  author  with  the  remark, 

"Our  readers  will  perceive  from  these  general  observations  that 
we  estimate  Mr.  James's  abilities,  as  a  romance-writer,  highly :  his 
works  are  lively  and  interesting,  and  animated  by  a  spirit  of  sound 
and  healthy  morality  in  feeling,  and  of  natural  delineation  in  cha 


racter,  which,  we  think,  will  secure  for  them  a  calm  popularity 
which  will  last  beyond  the  present  day." 

We  have  before  us  more  than  thirty  (to  be  exact,  just 
thirty-two)  commendatory  notices  of  our  author,  but 
brief  extracts  from  two  of  these  is  all  for  which  we  can 
find  space. 

"He  belongs  to  the  historical  school  of  fiction,  and,  like  the 
masters  of  the  art,  takes  up  a  real  person  or  a  real  event,  and,  pur- 
Buing  the  course  of  history,  makes  out  the  intentions  of  nature  by 
adding  circumstances  and  heightening  character,  till,  like  a  statue 
in  the  hands  of  the  sculptor,  the  whole  is  in  fair  proportion,  truth 
of  sentiment,  and  character.  For  this  he  has  high  qualities, — an 
excellent  taste,  extensive  knowledge  of  history,  a  right  feeling  of 
the  chivalrous,  and  a  heroic  and  a  ready  eye  for  the  picturesque : 
his  proprieties  are  admirable;  his  sympathy  with  whatever  is  high- 
souled  and  noble  is  deep  and  impressive.  His  best  works  are 
Richelieu  and  Mary  of  Burgundy." — ALLAN  CUNNINGHAM:  Biog. 
and  Crit.  Hist,  of  the  Lit.  of  the  Last  Fifty  Tears,  1833. 

The  critic  next  to  be  quoted,  whilst  coinciding  in  the 
objections  prominently  urged  against  Mr.  James  as  an 
author, — repetition,  tediousness,  and  deficiency  of  terse 
ness, — yet  urges  on  his  behalf  that 

"There  is  a  constant  appeal  in  his  brilliant  pages  not  only  to  the 
pure  and  generous,  but  to  the  elevated  and  noble  sentiments ;  he  ia 
imbued  with  the  very  soul  of  chivalry ;  and  all  his  stories  turn  on 
the  final  triumph  of  those  who  are  influenced  by  such  feelings 
over  such  as  are  swayed  by  selfish  or  base  desires.  He  possesses 
great  pictorial  powers,  and  a  remarkable  facility  of  turning  his 
graphic  pen  at  will  to  the  delineation  of  the  most  distant  and  oppo 
site  scenes,  manners,  and  social  customs.  ...  Not  a  word  or  a 
thought  which  can  give  pain  to  the  purest  heart  ever  escapes  from 
his  pen;  and  the  mind  wearied  with  the  cares  and  grieved  at  the 
selfishness  of  the  world  reverts  with  pleasure  to  his  varied  com 
positions,  which  carry  it  back,  as  it  were,  to  former  days,  and 
portray,  perhaps  in  too  brilliant  colours,  the  ideas  and  manners 
of  the  olden  time."— SIR  ARCHIBALD  ALISON:  Hist,  of  Europe,  1815- 
52,  chap,  v.,  1853.  See  also  Alison's  Essays,  1850,  iii.  545-546; 
North  British  Review,  Feb.  1857,  art.  on  Modern  Style. 

James,  Henry,  D.D.,  Master  of  Queen's  Coll.,  Camb. 

1.  Serm.,  Lon.,  1674,  4to.     2.  Serm.,  1674,  4to. 
James,  Henry.    Bank-Restriction  Act,  1818. 
James,  Henry,  of  Albany,  New  York.    1.  Moralism 

and  Christianity ;  or,  Man's  Experience  and  Destiny,  N. 
York,  1850,  12mo.  2.  Lectures  and  Miscellanies,  1852, 
12mo.  3.  The  Church  of  Christ  not  an  Ecclesiasticism, 

1854.  4.  The  Nature  of  Evil  Considered  in  a  Letter  ad 
dressed  to  the  Rev.  Edward  Beecher,  D.D.,  author  of  The 
Conflict    of   Ages,   1855,  12mo.      See    Putnam's    Mag., 
May,  1855,  545-547.     5.  Christianity  the  Logic  of  Creation, 
1857,  12mo. 

"  Henry  James,  of  Albany,  is  the  most  argumentative  and  elo 
quent  advocate  of  new  social  principles  in  the  country." — H.  T. 
TCCKERMAN  :  Sketch  of  Amer.  Lit. 

James,  Isaac.  1.  Providence  Displayed :  Alex.  Sel 
kirk,  Ac.,  Lon.,  1800, 12mo.  See  DE  FOE,  DANIEL,  p.  489. 

2.  Essay  on  the  Sign  of  the  Prophet  Jonah,  Bristol,  1802,8vo. 
"  Mr.  James's  Essay  on  Jonah  has  some  attractions,  though  we 

should  not  venture  to  recommend  it  for  general  adoption." — British 
Critic. 

James,  J.  H.  On  Land  and  Building  Societies, 
Lon.,  1854,  12mo. 

"Mr.  James  has  carefully  executed  the  design  of  his  work."— 
Legal  Observer. 

James,  John.  Trans,  of  Claude  Perrault's  Treat,  on 
the  Five  Orders  of  Architecture,  Lon.,  1708,  fol. 

James,  John.     Serms.,  1678,  '82,  both  4to. 

James,  John.  1.  Trans,  of  Pozzo's  Perspective,  Lon., 
1707,  fol.  2.  Trans  of  Le  Blond's  Gardening,  1712,  4to. 

James,  John.  Survey  and  Demand  for  Dilapida 
tions  in  the  See  of  Canterbury,  Ac.,  Lon.,  1717,  4to. 

James,  John.  Anatomico-Chirurgical  Views  of  the 
Nose,  Mouth,  Larynx,  and  Fauces,  1809,  fol. 

James,  John,  of  Penmaen.     Serm.,  1815,  8vo. 

James,  John,  D.D.,  Dean  of  Peterborough.  1.  Com 
ment,  on  the  Collects,  Ac. ;  2d  ed.,  Lon.,  1826,  8vo.  2. 
Comment,  on  the  Ordination  Service,  1846,  12mo.  Other 
works. 

James,  John  Angell,b.  1785,  an  Independent  minis 
ter  of  Birmingham,  one  of  the  most  popular  and  useful 
writers  of  the  day.  1.  Anxious  Inquirer  after  Salvation. 
Many  edits. ;  last  edit.,  1849,  18mo,  fp.  8vo,  and  32mo.  2. 
Christian  Charity  Explained;  6th  ed.,  1850, 12mo.  3.  Chris 
tian's  Daily  Treasury,  12mo.  4.  Christian  Father's  Present  ; 
13th  ed.,  1841,  12mo.  5.  Christian  Fellowship;  llth  ed., 

1855,  12mo.     6.  Christian  Professor  Addressed;  5th  ed., 
1852,  12mo.     7.  Christian  Progress,  1853,  18mo:  a  sequel 
to  No.  1.     8.  Church  in  Earnest;  4th  ed.,  1851, 12mo.     9. 
Course  of  Faith,  1852,  18mo.     10.  Earnest  Ministry  the 
Want  of  the  Times;  6th  ed.,  1855,  12mo.     11.  Elizabeth 
Bates,  1845,  32mo.     12.  Family  Monitor;  9th  ed.,  1848, 
12mo.     13.  Female  Piety ;  or,  The  Young  Woman's  Friend 
and  Guide;  4th  ed.,  1855, 12mo.    14.  Flower  Faded,  18mo. 

15.  Happiness :  its  Nature  and  Sources  described,  Ac.,  32mo. 

16.  Jubilee  Scenes  at  Birmingham,  1855,  fp.     17.  Memoirs 


JAM 


JAM 


of  Mrs.  James,  12mo.  18.  Olive-Branch  and  the  Cross, 
1850,  12mo.  19.  Pastoral  Addresses,  1840,  '42,  Ac.,  3 
series.  New  ed.,  1846,  3  vols.  12ino.  20.  Protestant  Non 
conformity  in  Birmingham,  1849,  12mo.  21.  Serm.  on  Ps. 
cxlvii.  11 ;  2d  ed.,  1819,  8vo.  22.  Sunday-school  Teacher's 
Guide;  17th  ed.,  1845,  18mo.  23.  True  Christian,  18mo. 
24.  Widow  directed  to  the  Widow's  God ;  6th  thousand,  1849, 
18mo.  25.  Young  Man's  Friend  and  Guide,  2d  ed.,  1852, 
12mo.  See  No.  13.  26.  Young  Man  from  Home,  1839, 18mo. 
27.  Christian  Hope,  1858, 16mo.  An  account  of  this  popular 
preacher  and  author  will  be  found  in  Pen-Pictures  of  Popu 
lar  English  Preachers,  Lon.,  1853,  274-288.  See  also 
Eclec.  Rev.,  4th  series,  ii.  538;  Blackw.  Mag.,  xlv.  484; 
N.  Haven  Chris.  Month.  Spec.,  ix.  428,  (by  R.  Bobbins;) 
N.  York  Lit.  and  Theol.  Rev.,  i.  595,  (by  W.  B.  Sprague.) 

James,  John  Thomas,  D.D.,  1786-1829,  educated 
at  Christ  Church,  Oxford;  Bishop  of  Calcutta,  1827.  1. 
Journal  of  Travels  in  Germany,  Sweden,  Russia,  Poland, 
Ac.  in  1813-14,  Lon.,  1816,  4to,  with  plates.  A  valuable 
work.  2.  Views  in  Russia,  Poland,  Germany,  and  Swe 
den.  Should  accompany  No.  1.  3.  The  Flemish,  Dutch, 
and  German  Schools  of  Painting,  1822,  8vo.  See  Memoirs 
of  Bishop  James,  1830,  8vo. 

James,  L.  Letters  relating  to  the  College  of  Physi 
cians,  Lon.,  1688,  4to. 

James,  Maria,  b.  in  Wales  about  1795,  emigrated  to 
America  in  her  seventh  year,  and  since  the  age  of  ten  has 
lived  at  service  with  a  number  of  families,  whose  regard 
she  has  secured  by  the  excellence  of  her  deportment  and 
her  intellectual  abilities.  In  1833  some  of  her  compositions 
fell  into  the  hands  of  Professor  Alonzo  Potter,  D.D.,  of 
Union  College,  now  the  esteemed  Bishop  of  the  Protestant 
Episcopal  Church  in  the  State  of  Pennsylvania,  and  in 
1839  he  introduced  a  collection  of  them  to  the  public  under 
the  title  of  Wales,  and  other  Poems,  by  Maria  James. 
Some  specimens  of  Miss  James's  poetry  will  be  found  in 
Griswold's  Female  Poets  of  America. 

James,  Marian.  1.  Ethel ;  or,  the  Double  Error,  N. 
York,  1855,  16mo.  2.  The  Elder  Sister,  1856,  16mo. 

James,  Marmaduke.    Serm.,  1659,  4to. 

James,  Richard,  1592-1638,  a  native  of  Newport, 
Isle  of  Wight,  educated  at  Exeter  and  Corpus  Christ! 
Colleges,  Oxford,  pub.  a  number  of  sermons,  Ac.,  1625-33, 
and  left  many  MS.  pieces.  This  learned  critic  and  anti 
quary  was  a  nephew  of  Thomas  James,  D.D.,  Sub-dean 
of  Wells.  See  Athen.  Oxon. ;  Biog.  Brit.,  Supp. ;  Bp.  Nicol- 
son's  Hist.  Lib.;  Lon.  Gent.  Mag.,  xxxvii.  336. 

James,  Robert,  M.D.,  1703-1776,  the  inventor  of 
the  celebrated  Fever  Powder,  was  a  native  of  Stafford 
shire,  and  educated  at  St.  John's  College,  Oxford.  His 
best-known  work  is  A  Medicinal  Dictionary,  Lon.,  1743- 
45,  3  vols.  fol.  His  Vindication  of  the  Fever  Powder  was 
not  pub.  until  after  his  death.  See  Chalmers's  Biog. 
Diet. ;  Boswell's  Life  of  Johnson.  Dr.  Johnson,  who  al 
ways  had  a  propensity  for  dabbling  in  physic,  furnished 
some  of  the  articles  for  the  Medicinal  Dictionary,  and  ob- 
e«ved  of  Dr.  James,  "No  man  brings  more  mind  to  his 
profession." 

Joiinson  also  wrote  the  Dedication  (and  nothing  of  his 
is  more  truly  "Johnsonese,")  to  Dr.  Mead. 

James,  S.     Guide  to  English  Tongue,  Lon.,  1799. 

James,  Samuel.  Gracious  Dealings  of  God  with 
several  Christians,  Lon.,  1761. 

James,  Samuel.  Willow  Bark  in  the  cure  of  Agues, 
Ac.,  Lon.,  1792,  8vo. 

James,  Silas.    Voyage  to  Arabia,  Ac.,  Lon.,  1797. 

James,  T.  Horton.  Six  Months  in  South  Australia, 
Port  Philip,  Ac.,  Lon.,  1839,  8vo. 

James,  Thomas,  D.D.,  1571P-1629,  a  native  of 
Newport,  Isle  of  Wight,  educated  at  and  Fellow  of  (1593) 
New  College,  Oxford;  appointed  Keeper  (the  first  one)  of 
the  Bodleian  Library,  1602;  resigned  this  post  in  1620; 
Sub-dean  of  Wells,  1614,  and  subsequently  Rector  of 
Mongeham,  Kent.  His  best-known  work  is  A  Treatise  of 
the  Corruption  of  Scriptures,  Councils,  and  Fathers,  by 
the  Prelates,  Pastors,  and  Pillars  of  the  Church  of  Rome, 
for  Maintenance  of  Popery  and  Irreligion,  Lon.,  1612,  4to  ; 
1J88,  8voj  edited  by  Rev-  J-  E.  Cox,  1843,  8vo.  A  new 
ed.  of  his  Bellum  Papale  (first  ed.,  1600,  4to,  again,  1678, 
8vo)  was  pub.  in  1841,  12mo.  We  have  already  noticed 
his  Catalogue  of  the  Bodleian  Library  in  the  Life  of  Sir 
Thomas  Bodley.  Dr.  James  was  one  of  the  most  learned 
critics  of  his  day.  See  Athen.  Oxon. ;  Biog.  Brit.,  Supp  • 
Genl.  Diet.;  Usher's  Life  and  Letters ;  Oldys's  Librarian ' 
Home's  Introduc.  to  the  Scrip. 

James,  Capt.  Thomas.  Dangerous  Voyage  for 
discovering  the  northwest  passage  to  the  South  Sea,  Lon., 


1633,  4to,  1740,  8vo.  Also  in  Churchill's  Voyage?,  ii  p. 
479,  1703;  in  Coxe's  Voyages,  i.  1741;  and  in  Harris'a 
Collection,  vol.  ii.  It  is  a  valuable  work  to  the  collector 
of  Arctic  Voyages,  and  has  brought  as  much  as  £6. 

"  His  narrative  contains  some  remarkable  physical  observations 
on  the  cold  and  ice ;  but  no  hint  of  any  discovery  of  importance." — 
Stevenson's  Voyages  and  Travels. 

James,  Lt.-Col.  Thomas,  R.  Artillery.  The 
Hist,  of  the  Herculean  Straits,  now  called  the  Straits  of 
Gibraltar,  Lon.,  1771,  2  vols.  r.  4to.  The  2d  vol.  contains 
detailed  accounts  of  several  sieges  and  successful  defences 
of  Gibraltar  previous  to  the  last  great  siege  which  it  sus 
tained. 

James,  Thomas,  d.  1804,  Head-Master  of  Rugby 
School,  1776-93,  pub.  a  Compend.  of  Geography  for  Rugby 
School,  two  serins.,  and  the  Fifth  Book  of  Euclid  explained, 
by  Algebra. 

James,  Thomas,  Vicar  of  Sibbertoft  and  Thedding- 
worth.  1.  The  Fables  of  JSsop ;  a  new  version,  chiefly  from 
the  Original  Greek,  Lon.,  1847,  p.  8vo.  With  upwards 
oMOOillust,  by  Tenniel. 

"Remarkable  for  the  clearness  and  conciseness  with  which  each 
tale  is  narrated." — Lon.  Examiner. 

This  new  trans,  is  intended  to  take  the  place  of  the  de 
fective  ones  of  Croxall,  Baldwin,  L'Estrange,  Ac.  The 
illustrations  add  greatly  to  the  value  of  the  work. 

"  Nothing  has  been  seen  like  them  since  Bewick." 

2.  JEsop  for  the  Million ;  38th  thousand,  1858,  p.  8vo. 
3.  The  Book  of  Common  Prayer,  Ac.,  edited  with  Notes 
and  Illustrations. 

"It  is  impossible  to  speak  too  highly  of  the  exceeding  beauty  of 
this  work." — Cambridge  Chronicle. 

James,  Thomas  C.,  M.D.,  1766-1835,  an  eminent 
physician,  a  native  of  Philadelphia,  Penn.,  graduated  as  a 
student  of  medicine  at  the  University  of  Pennsylvania  in 
1788,  and  in  1811  was  appointed  Professor  of  Midwifery 
in  the  same  institution.  He  practised  his  profession  in 
his  native  city  with  great  success  until  his  death.  Dr. 
James  was  an  accomplished  scholar,  and  contributed  to  the 
Philadelphia  Port-Folio,  under  the  signature  of  P.  D.,  trans 
lations  in  verse  of  the  Idyls  of  Gessner,  which  were  highly 
commended.  See  Willianis's  Amer.  Med.  Biog. ;  Phila. 
Casket,  March,  1830;  Amer.  Med.  Jour.,  (art.  by  Hugh  L. 
Hodge,  M.D.,)  July,  1843. 

James,  W.,  and  Mole,  A.  1.  English  and  French 
Dictionary,  Lon.,  1851,  12mo;  2d  ed.,  1852,  sq.,  Leipzig, 
1853,  12mo.  Commended. 

2.  JAMES,  W.,  and  Grassi,  G.  English  and  Italian 
Dictionary,  1855,  12mo.  3.  Diet,  of  English  and  German, 
1856,  sq. 

James,  Wm.,  D.D.     Serms.,  1578,  '90. 

James,  Wm.  Isagoge  in  Linguam  Chaldaeam,  Lon., 
1651,  8vo. 

James,  Wm.,  of  Clyro.      Serm.,  Oxon.,  1729,  8vo. 

James,  Wm.     Law  on  Denford  Question,  1813,  8vo. 

James,  Wm.,  d.  1827.  1.  Military  Occurrences  of 
the  Late  War  between  G.  Britain  and  the  U.  States,  Lon., 
1817,  8vo  ;  1818,  2  vols.  8vo.  2.  Naval  Hist,  of  G.  Britain, 
1793-1820,  5  vols.  8vo,  and  2  4to  atlases  of  Tables,  1822; 
2d  ed.,  with  addits.,  1826,  6  vols.  8vo;  3d  ed.,  with  addit. 
notes  and  continuation  by  Capt.  Chamier,  1847,  6  vols.  8vo. 

"This  book  is  one  of  which  it  is  not  too  high  praise  to  assert, 
that  it  approaches  as  nearly  to  perfection,  in  its  own  line,  as  any 
historical  work  perhaps  ever  did;  and  we  must  acknowledge  that 
we  cannot  contemplate  without  admiration  the  impartial  and  un 
wearied  zeal  for  historical  truth  which  alone  could  have  supported 
the  author  through  his  tedious  and  thankless  labours."— Win.  Rev. 

Highly  commended  by  other  authorities. 

"  MR.  TICKLER. — '  A  Naval  History  is  a  very  good  thing,  if  written 
by  a  competent  person,  which  James  is  not,  although  the  man  has 
some  merit  as  a  chronicler.  But  the  very  idea  of  criticising  in  de 
tail  every  action,  just  as  you  would  criticise  a  volume  of  poems,  is 
not  a  little  absurd.  Southey's  Life  of  Nelson  is  good.' 

"NORTH. — 'Excellent.  Look  at  James's  History  after  reading 
that  admirable  Manual,  and  you  will  get  sick.' " — Noctes  Ambros., 
Blackw.  Mag.,  April,  1824,  382. 

"James's  Naval  History — we  love  to  carry  our  head  high  even 
in  sleep — we  uso  as  a  pile  of  pillows  on  Clerk  of  Eldin's  book  about 
breaking  the  Line,  (an  old  achievement,)  which  has  been  our  bol 
ster.' — JOHN  WILSON:  Blackw.  Mag.,  Aug.  1831,  248. 

"  By  far  the  best  historian  of  the  Navy  is,  like  ourselves,  a  lands 
man,  Mr.  James.  His  work  is  an  inestimable  one." — Blackw.  Mag., 
June,  1827,  737. 

"  James,  in  his  excellent  Naval  History,"  &c.—Ibid.,  July,  1833,  21. 

See  also  Lon.  Lit.  Gaz.;  Lon.  Atlas;  Goodhugh's  E.  G. 
Lib.  Man.,  52. 

"James's  Naval  History  has  already  issued  from  the  press  in 
monthly  numbers,  at  five  shillings."— SIR  ARCHIBALD  ALISON  :  Copy 
right  Question  in  Blackw.  Mag.,  Jan.  1842,  and  in  his  Essays,  1850, 
ii.  445. 

Within  the  last  few  weeks  (i.e.  in  Jan.  1857)  a  new  ed. 
of  James's  Naval  History  has  been  announced,  in  6  vols. 
8vo,  7s.  per  vol. 


JAM 


JAM 


James,  Wm.  Bosville.  Wine-Duties  considered 
Financially  and  Socially:  being  a  Reply  to  Sir  James 
Emerson  Tennent  on  Wine,  its  Taxation  and  Use,  Lon., 
1856,  8vo,  pp.  204. 

Jameson.  A  Grit,  and  Prac.  Expos,  of  the  Penta 
teuch,  Lon.,  1748,  fol.  Pub.  in  numbers. 

"  Compiled  with  considerable  industry  from  the  labours  of  the 
best  interpreters,  antient  and  modern." — Home's  Bibl.  Bib. 

"Some  of  the  notes  are  good;  but  others  are  trifling.  The  work 
has  never  enjoyed  much  reputation." — Orme's  Bibl.  Bib. 

Jameson,  Mrs.  Anna,  a  daughter  of  Mr.  Murphy, 
late  painter-in-ordinary  to  the  Princess  Charlotte,  was  j 
married  about  1824  to  Mr.  Jameson,  who  has  for  many 
years  held  an  official  appointment  in  Canada.  This  union 
"proved  less  fortunate  in  its  issues  than  in  its  promises, 
and  has  long  been  practically,  though  not  legally,  dis 
solved."  The  works  of  this  lady  have  long  enjoyed  an 
extensive  popularity,  and  few  writers  of  the  age  have 
done  so  much  to  refine  the  public  taste  and  diffuse  a  know 
ledge  of  the  great  masters  of  art.  1.  The  Diary  of  an 
Ennuye"e,  written  during  a  Tour  in  Italy,  Lon.,  1826,  sm. 
8vo.  Anonymous.  2d  ed.,  1834,  p.  8vo.  Pub.  at  the  same 
time  with  Visits  and  Sketches  at  Home  and  Abroad,  2 
vols.  p.  8vo,  and  a  number  of  Mrs.  Jameson's  Tales  and 
Miscellanies  contributed  to  various  annuals,  now  first 
collected,  1  vol.  p.  8vo.  3d  ed.  of  The  Diary  of  an  En- 
nuye"e,  1838,  p.  8vo. 

"Nor  could  we  give  a  better  instance  of  real  description  and 
opinions  interwoven  with  a  romance— though  in  no  way  needing 
this  fictitious  interest — than  another  established  favourite, — Mrs. 
Jameson's  Diary  of  an  Ennuyee." — Miss  RIGBY  :  Lady  Travellers ; 
Lon.  Quar.  Rev.,  June,  1845. 

"  A  happy  combination  of  thought  and  actual  observation,  the 
effect  of  which  is  as  if  Sterne  had  united  his  Sentimental  Journey 
with  the  matter-of-fact  details  of  a  topographical  guide-book." — 
Lon.  New  Month.  Mag. 

"  The  notices  of  authors  and  artists  are  copious  and  interesting." — 
Lon.  Literary  Gazette. 

See  also  Edin.  Rev.,  Ix.  197;  Lon.  Month.  Rev.,  cix.  414. 

2.  Loves  of  the  Poets,  1829,  2  vols.  p.  8vo ;  3d  ed.,  1837, 
2  vols.  p.  8vo. 

"  These  volumes  are  replete  with  the  beautiful  and  unknown." — 
Westminster  Rev. 

Also  highly  commended  by  The  Athenaeum;  Blackw. 
Mag.,  xxvi.  524,  (by  Prof.  Wilson;)  The  Literary  Gazette; 
the  Atlas,  &c.  See  Hallam's  Lit.  Hist,  of  Europe,  ed. 
1854,  iii.  40,  n.  Lon.  Month.  Rev.,  cxx.  17;  Amer.  Month. 
Rev.,  iii.  384. 

3.  Lives  of  Celebrated  Female  Sovereigns,  1831,  2  vols. 
Svo ;  3d  ed.,  1840,  2  vols.  p.  8vo. 

"  A  work  equally  agreeable  to  old  or  young  could  hardly  be  pro 
duced." — Lon.  Lit.  Gaz. 

4.  Characteristics  of  Women  :  Moral,  Poetical,  and  His 
torical,  1832,  2  vols.  Svo ;   4th  ed.,  1846,  2  vols.  p.  Svo. 
New  lib.  ed.,  1858,  2  vols.  Svo.    In  these  vols.  we  have  dis 
quisitions  on  the  female  characters  of  Shakspeare's  plays. 

"Two  truly  delightful  volumes."— CHRISTOPBER  NORTH:  Noctes 
Ambrosianse,  Nov.  1832. 

"  Mrs.  Jameson's  Essays  on  the  Female  Characters  of  Shakspeare 
are  among  the  best.  It  was  right  that  this  province  of  illustration 
should  be  reserved  for  a  woman's  hand."— Hallam's  Lit.  Hist,  of 
Europe,  ed.  1854,  iii.  94. 

"  Mrs.  Jameson's  volume  on  the  Female  Characters  is  a  most  elo 
quent  and  passionate  representation  of  Shakspeare's  women,  and  in 
many  respects  is  an  important  contribution  to  critical  literature. 
Its  defects  are  so  covered  up  in  the  brilliancy  and  buoyancy  of  its 
style,  that  they  are  likely  to  escape  notice."—  Whipple's  Essays  and 
Reviews,  ii.  223,  q.  v.;  also  in  N.  Amer.  Rev.,  July,  1848. 

See  also  Edin.  Rev.,  Ix.  90 ;  Lon.  Month.  Rev.,  texxviii. 
601;  Amer.  Month.  Rev.,  iii.  478;  Blackw.  Mag.,  xxx. 
841;  xxxii.  859;  xxxiii.  124,  143,  391,  539;  xxxvi.  358, 
363,  364;  xl.  434,  435;  xliv.  23;  xlviii.  77. 

5.  Beauties  of  the  Court  of  Charles  II.,  1833,  2  vols.  r. 
4to,  £5  5*. ;  large  paper,  £10  10». ;  2  vols.  imp.  Svo,  £2  5s.  ; 
2d  ed.,  1851,  imp.  Svo ;  21  portraits  after  Sir  Peter  Lely,  &c. 

"This  truly  beautiful  and  splendid  production  is  equally  a  gem 
among  the  Fine  Arts  and  in  Literature.  Mrs.  Jameson's  diligence 
of  research— her  charms  of  style— the  acuteness,  force,  and  justice 
of  her  remarks— her  characteristic  touches— the  racy  and  piquant 
manner  with  which  she  relates  an  anecdote— are  too  well  known  to 
require  eulogy  from  us."— Court  Journal. 

"The  accompanying  Memoirs  are  so  many  specimens  of  exquisite 
compositions  of  rare  excellence  and  high  value."— ion.  New  Month. 

T  Visits  and  Sketches  at  Home  and  Abroad,  1834,  2 
vols.  p.  Svo;  3d  ed.,  1840,  2  vols.  p.  Svo.  See  No.  1. 
Highly  commended  in  The  Athenaeum  for  1834,  489,  515- 
516,  547-548.  See  Edin.  Rev.,  Ix.  197. 

7.  Tales  and  Miscellanies,  now  first  collected.  See  No. 
1.  8.  Winter  Studies  and  Summer  Rambles  in  Canada, 
1838,  3  vols.  p.  Svo. 

"I  do  not  know  a  writer  whose  works  breathe  more  of  the  spon 
taneous, — the  free.  Beauty  and  truth  seem  to  come  to  her  un- 
Bought." — DR.  W.  E.  CHANNINO.  See  his  Memoirs. 

See  also  Brit,  and  For.  Rev.,  viii.  134.    In  1852  was 


pub.,  in  Longman's  Travellers'  Library,  Mrs.  Jameson's 
Sketches  in  Canada,  16mo,  in  2  Pts.,  and  also  in  1  vol. 
9.  Pictures  of  the  Social  Life  of  Germany,  as  represented 
in  the  Dramas  of  the  Princess  Amelia  of  Saxony,  1840,  p. 
8vo.  Mrs.  Jameson  has  enriched  her  translation  by  an 
introduction  and  notes  to  each  drama.  10.  Rubens:  his 
Life  and  Genius ;  trans,  from  the  German  of  Dr.  Waagen, 
with  an  Introduction  by  Mrs.  Jameson,  1840,  sq.  Svo. 

"There  is  scarcely  a  gallery  or  nobleman's  seat  in  Britain  but 
boasts  some  specimens  of  Rubens;  and  no  work  that  Dr.  Waagen 
could  have  written  is  more  likely  to  win  him  English  readers  than 
the  present,  which  Mrs.  Jameson  has  edited  and  furnished  with  a 
very  clever  and  discriminatory  preface." — Lon.  Athenaeum. 

11.  Handbook  to  the   Public  Galleries  of  Art  in  and 
near  London,  1842,  2  vols.  p.  Svo;  2d  ed.,  1845,  fp.  Svo. 
This  Handbook  is  a  guide  to  the  following  collections : — 
1.  The  National  Gallery.     2.  Windsor  Castle.     3.  Hamp 
ton  Court.     4.  Dulwich  Gallery.     5.  Soane's  Museum.    6. 
Barry's  Pictures. 

"  Mrs.  Jameson  has  indulged  in  less  of  dissertation  than  we  could 
have  thought  possible ;  producing,  instead,  a  Guide-Book  of  singular 
unity,  clearness,  and  value." — Lon.  Athenseum. 

"Completed  in  a  very  excellent  manner;  and  no  equal  guide 
could  be  found." — Lon.  Lit.  Gaz. 

12.  Companion  to  Private  Galleries  of  Art  in  London, 

1844,  p.  Svo.     This  vol.  is  a  guide  to  the  following  collec 
tions: — 1.  Buckingham  Palace.     2.  Bridgewater.     3.  Su 
therland.     4.  Grosvenor.     5.  Lansdowne.     6.  Sir  Robert 
Peel's.     7.  Saml.  Roger's. 

"  Pleasant  to  read,  useful  to  consult,  and  valuable  as  a  vade-me 
cum  to  the  visitor." — Lon.  Spectator. 

The  Athenaeum  also  speaks  in  high  terms  of  this  work. 

13.  Memoirs  of  the  Early  Italian  Painters,  and  of  the 
Progress  of  Painting  in  Italy,  from  Cimabue  to  Bassano, 

1845,  2  vols.  18mo.     This  useful  work  comprises  upwards 
of  30  biographies.     14.  Memoirs  and  Essays  on  Art,  Litera 
ture,  and  Social  Morals,  1846,  p.  8vo.     An  extract  from 
this  work,  entitled  On  the  Relation  of  Mothers  and  Gover 
nesses,  was  pub.  in  1848,  Svo.     15.  Sacred  and  Legendary 
Art,  1848,  2  vols.  Svo ;  3d  ed.,  1857,  2  vols.  Svo. 

"  Mrs.  Jameson's  work  would  deserve  a  high  place  regarded  only 
as  a  book  of  antiquarian  inquiry.  "With  admirable  taste  and  judg 
ment,  both  of  pen  and  pencil,  she  has  opened  a  curious  branch  of 
learning  wellnigh  forgotten  among  us, — the  vestiges  of  which, 
nevertheless,  surround  us  on  every  side." — Edin.  Rev.,  April,  1849. 

Also  highly  commended  by  Blackw.  Mag.;  Lon.  Gent. 
Mag. ;  Athenaeum ;  Fraser's  Mag. ;  Church  of  England 
Quar.  Rev.;  Church  and  State  Gaz.;  Christian  Remeinb. ; 
Guardian;  Examiner;  Britannia;  Lit.  Gaz.;  John  Bull; 
Spectator. 

Nos.  16  and  17  are  a  continuation  of  a  series  of  which 
No.  15  is  the  first.  16.  Legends  of  the  Monastic  Orders 
as  represented  in  the  Fine  Arts,  1850,  med.  Svo.  See  No.  15. 
17.  Legends  of  the  Madonna,  1852,  Svo;  2d  ed.,  1857,  Svo. 
See  No.  15.  Respecting  Nos.  15. 16, 17,  see  Mod.  Light  Lit,, 
art.  in  Blackw.  Mag.,  Dec.  1855.  18.  A  Commonplace- 
Book  of  Thoughts,  Memories,  and  Fancies,  Original  and 
Selected:  Pt.  1.  Ethics  and  Character;  Pt.  2.  Literature 
and  Art,  1854,  sq.  cr.  Svo.  This  work  was  favourably  re 
viewed  in  the  Lon.  New  Monthly  Mag.  for  Feb.  1855, 
and  in  the  Irish  Quarterly  Rev.  for  March,  1855,  but  met 
with  less  favour  in  The  Athenaeum  for  Nov.  18, 1S54.  19. 
Sisters  of  Charity,  Catholic  and  Protestant,  at  Home  and 
Abroad ;  a  Lecture  delivered  Feb.  14,  1855,  1855,  fp.  Svo. 
Praised  by  The  Athenaeum,  (1855,  399-400,)  and,  with 
qualifications,  by  The  Spectator.  20.  The  Communion  of 
Labour:  a  Second  Lecture  on  the  Social  Employments  of 
Women,  1856,  fp.  8vo.  This  forms  a  sequel  to  No.  19. 

"Altogether,  Mrs.  Jameson's  little  volume  is  one  for  serious 
notice :  it  is  a  grave,  reflective,  almost  a  saddening,  book,  abounding 
in  utterances  of  the  most  genial  humanity." — Athenteum,  1856, 1164. 

An  interesting  review  of  Mrs.  Jameson's  writings  (from 
the  New  Monthly  Magazine)  will  be  found  in  the  Living 
Age,  xl.  147-152. 

We  have  quoted  quite  a  number  of  opinions  on  this 
lady's  writings,  but  many  more  which  lie  before  us  are 
excluded  by  want  of  space.  The  cordial  eulogy  of  Chris 
topher  North,  who  several  times  introduces  Mrs.  Jameson 
into  the  Noctes  Ambrosianee,  must  not  be  omitted: 

"One  of  the  most  eloquent  of  our  female  writers;  full  of  feeling 
and  fancy ;  a  true  enthusiast,  with  a  glowing  soul." — Nov.  1831. 

See  also  his  review  of  the  Loves  of  the  Poets,  in  Blackw. 
Mag.,  xxvi.  524 ;  reprinted  in  Wilson's  Works,  Edin.  and 
Lon.,  1856,  v.  269-297. 

Jameson,  R.  1.  The  Student  of  Salamanca ;  a  Com., 
1813.  2.  A  Touch  at  the  Times ;  a  Com.,  1813. 

Jameson,  R.  G.  New  Zealand,  South  Australia, 
and  New  S.  Wales,  Lon.,  1841,  p.  Svo. 

"Mr.  Jameson  is  an  intelligent  and  unprejudiced  observer,  and 
has  made  good  use  of  his  faculties."— ion.  Spectator. 

Also  recommended  by  the  Lon.  Globe. 


JAM 


JAN 


Jameson,  R.  S.,  of  Lincoln's  Inn.  1.  Walker's  and 
Johnson's  Dictionaries  Combined,  1828;  7th  ed.,  1856, 
Svo,  pp.  832.  See  Introduc.  to  Webster's  Dictionary.  2. 
Reports.  See  GLYN,  THOMAS  C. 

Jameson,  R.  W.  1.  Nimrod;  a  Dramatic  Poem, 
Lon.,  12mo.  2.  Timoleon;  a  Tragedy,  1852,  Svo.  3.  The 
Curse  of  Gold,  1854,  12mo;  2d  ed.,  1855,  12mo. 

"The  plot  is  a  violation  of  reason,  probability,  and  common 
sense." — Lon.  Athenetum.  1855, 16. 

Jameson,  Robert,  1773-1854,  a  native  of  Leith, 
Regius  Professor  of  Natural  History  in  the  University  of 
Edinburgh  from  1804  until  his  death  ;  pub.  several  valu 
able  works,  among  which  are — 1.  Mineralogy  of  the  Shet 
land  Islands  and  of  Arran,  Edin.,  1798,  8vo.  2.  Mine 
ralogy  of  the  Scottish  Isles,  1800,  2  vols.  4to;  1813,  2  vols. 
4to.  3.  External  Characters  of  Minerals,  1805,  Svo;  3d 
ed.,  1817,  8vo.  4.  System  of  Mineralogy,  1804-08,  3  vols. 
Svo;  1816,  3  vols.  Svo;  1820,  3  vols.  8vo.  5.  Manual  of 
Mineralogy,  1821,  8vo.  6.  Elements  of  Mineralogy,  1840, 
p.  8vo.  In  1819,  in  conjunction  with  Sir  David  Brewster, 
Prof.  J.  commenced  the  publication  of  the  Edinburgh 
Philos.  Jour.,  and  was  editorially  connected  with  this 
periodical  until  his  death.  He  also  contributed  articles  to 
the  Encyc.,  Brit,  the  Edin.  Cyc.,  the  Trans,  of  the  Wer- 
nerian  Soc.,  (founded  by  Prof.  J.,)  Nic.  Jour.,  and  Thorn. 
Ann.  Philos.  See  Lon.  Gent  Mag.,  June,  1854;  Blackw. 
Mag.,  ii.  20 ;  vii.  331 ;  xii.  45 ;  xxiii.  860. 

Jameson,  Robert  F.  Historical  Tales  of  the  Re 
formation  in  the  Southwest  Provinces  of  France  and 
Navarre,  Lon.,  1839,  12mo. 

Jameson,  Thomas.    Medical  treatises,  1789-92. 

Jameson,  Thomas,  M.D.  Med,  treatises,  Ac.,  1792- 
1811. 

Jameson,  Wm.,  Prof,  of  Hist,  in  the  Univ.  of  Glas 
gow.  Spicilegia  Antiquitatum  Egypti  atque  ei  Vicimarum 
Gentium,  Glasg.,  1720,  8vo. 

"This  work  contains  occasional  illustrations  of  the  Scriptures, 
and  discovers  considerable  acquaintance  with  ancient  literature, 
and  with  the  geography  of  Palestine  and  Egypt."—  Orme'g  Bill.  Bib. 

Jameson  pub.  several  theolog.  treatises,  1689-1713. 

Jameson,  Wm.  Essay  on  Virtue  and  Harmony, 
Edin.,  1749,  12mo.  This  is  an  attempt  to  reconcile  the 
various  theories  of  moral  obligation. 

Jamieson,  Mrs.,  pub.  several  novels,  books  of  travels, 
and  histories,  and  The  First,  or  Mother's  Dictionary,  the 
8th  ed.  of  which  appeared  in  1851,  18mo. 

Jamieson,  Alexander.  Mechanics  for  Practical 
Men;  4th  ed.,  Lon.,  1845,  8vo;  1850,  8vo. 

"A  great  mechanical  treasure." — DR.  BIBKBECK. 

Other  works  on  mathematics,  geography,  history,  logic, 
rhetoric,  and  tales. 

Jamieson,  James.     Con.  to  Ed.  Med.  Ess.,  1731-36. 

Jamieson,  John,  D.D.,  1759-1838,  a  native  of  Glas 
gow,  minister  of  the  Anti-Burgher  Secession  Church  in 
Scotland,  stationed  at  Forfar,  17&1-97 ;  at  Edinburgh, 
1797-1838.  His  best-known  works  are  the  following:  1. 
Serms.  on  the  Heart,  Edin.,  1789-90,  2  vols.  8vo. 

"Very  powerful  and  searching  Sermons  on  this  subject."— 
Bicker  steals  C.  & 

2.  A  Vindic.  of  the  Doct  of  Scripture  and  of  the  Primi 
tive  Faith  cone,  the  Deity  of  Christ,  Lon.,  1794,  2  vols.  8vo. 

"A  very  able  and  learned  reply  to  Priestley's  History  of  Early 
Opinions."— Bicker stetk's  C.  & 

"I  am  inclined  to  think  the  inquirer  will  find  more  satisfaction 
in  Dr.  Jamieson  than  in  Bishop  Horsley." — Orme's  BM.  Bib. 

3.  Use  of  Sacred  History,  1802,  2  vols.  8vo. 

"Very  important,  and  calculated  to  be  very  useful."—  Orme's 
Bill.  Bib. 

4.  Etymological  Dictionary  of  the  Scottish  Language, 
Edin.,  1808-09,  2  vols.  4to,  £4  4*.     Abridged  edit,  1818, 
8vo,    14«.     Supp.  to   the   large  edit,   1825,  2   vols.  4to, 
making  in  all  4  vols.  4to,  1808-09,  '25;  2d  ed.,  enlarged, 
including  Supp.,  edited  by  John  Johnstone,  Lon.,  1840-44, 
8  Parts  in  4  vols.  4to.     Parts  1-4  comprise  a  new  ed.  of  the 
Dictionary;  Parts  5-8  a  new  ed.  of  the  Supp.     Only  350 
copies  were  pub.,  at  £8  8*.     Abridged,  1846,  Svo,  £1  !«.; 
1850,  Svo,  12*.     This  is  one  of  the  most  valuable  lexico 
graphical  works  ever  issued.     The   erudition,   patience, 
and  industry  of  the  author  are  beyond  praise :  his  accu 
racy,  however,  is  not  always  beyond  question.     But  who 
is  to  decide  where  there  must  be  so  much  of  mere  conjec 
ture?     We  may  be  allowed  to  suggest  that  the  philologist 
should  secure,  as  a  companion  for  Jamieson's  Dictionary, 
Dictionarium  Scoto-Celticum,  pub.  by  The  Highland  So 
ciety,  1825, 2  vols.  4to,  £7  7».;  large  paper,  £10  10*.;  con 
densed  edit,  with  additional  words,  £1  1«.     This  excellent 
work,  on  which  Drs.  McLeod  and  Dewar  expended  much 
labour,  is  for  the  Gaelic  (or  Celtic  dialect  of  Scotland) 
what  Dr.  Jamieson's  is  for  the  pure  Scottish.     A  review 
of  the  last-named  work  will  be  found  in  Edin.  Rev.,  xiv. 


121-145.  5.  Hermes  Scythiseus :  or,  The  Radical  Affinities 
of  the  Greek  and  Latin  Languages  to  the  Gothic.  1814, 
8vo.  Dr.  Noah  Webster  (see  the  Introduc.  to  his  Diction 
ary)  thinks  Jamieson  in  error  in  several  positions  advanced 
in  this  and  the  preceding  work.  6.  Hist.  Account  of  the 
Ancient  Culdees  of  lona,  Edin.,  1811,  4to.  7.  Grammar 
of  Rhetoric  and  Polite  Literature,  1818,  12mo.  Dr.  J. 
pub.  a  number  of  single  serms.,  some  poems,  <tc.  See 
Watt's  Bibl.  Brit;  Chambers  and  Thomson's  Biog.  Diet 
of  Eminent  Scotsmen,  1855,  vol.  v. ;  Lon.  Gent  Mag., 
Oct.  1838. 

Jamieson,  Robert.  Popular  Ballads  and  Songs 
from  Tradition,  MSS.,  and  Scarce  Edits.,  Edin,  1S06,  2 
vols.  Svo. 

"This  work  ....  opened  a  new  discovery  respecting  the  ori 
ginal  source  of  the  Scottish  Ballads.  .  .  .  Mr.  Jamieson's  annota 
tions  are  also  very  valuable." — Sin  WALTER  SCOTT:  Introduc.  Re 
marks  an  Popular  Poetry. 

Jamieson,  Robert,  minister  of  Currie.  1.  Manners 
and  Trials  of  the  Primitive  Christians;  2d  ed.,  Lon.,  1841, 
fp.  Svo.  Highly  praised.  2.  Eastern  Manners  illustra 
tive  of  the  Old  Test  Hist.,  Edin.,  1836,  ISino;  new  ed., 
Lon.,  1843,  ISmo:  3.  Of  the  Gospels,  1837,  18mo;  Edin., 
1838,  18mo:  4.  Of  the  Epistles,  1841,  ISmo:  3d  ed.  of 
Eastern  Manners  illust  of  the  N.  Test  Hist.,  1851,  12mo. 

5.  Third  ed.  of  Prof.  Geo.  Paxton's  Illust  of  Scrip,  from 
the  Geography,  Natural  Hist.,  and  Manners  and  Customs 
of  the  East,  1842,  4  vols.  12mo.     Mr.  J.  also  edited  The 
Excitement,  or  A  Book  to  induce  Young  People  to  Read; 
an  annual  publication  issued  from  1830  to  '47  inclusive. 

Jamieson,  Robert,  D.D.,  minister  of  St.  Paul's 
Church,  Glasgow.  1.  Cyclopaedia  of  Religious  Biography, 
Glasg.  and  Lon.,  1853,  p.  8vo.  A  very  useful  compendium. 
2.  Scripture  Readings,  1853,  fp.  Svo. 

Jaminean,  I.     Mt  Vesuvius;  Phil.  Trans.,  1755. 

Jane,  Joseph.  Icon  Aclastes,  or  the  Image  Un 
broken;  being  a  Defence  of  the  Icon  Basilice"  against  Mil 
ton's  Icon  Aclastes,  1651,  4to.  Anon. 

Jane,  Joseph.     Righteousness,  Brist,  1766,  Svo. 

Jane,  Wm.,  D.D.     Serms.,  1675-92. 

Janes,  Robert.  1.  The  Psalter  and  Canticles  pointed 
for  Chanting;  new  ed.,  Lon.,  1843,  32mo;  1852,  32mo. 
2.  Hymns  and  Canticles  used  in  the  Morning  and  Evening 
Service;  new  ed.,  ISmo  and  12mo. 

Janes,  Thomas.  1.  Serms.,  Brist,  1771,  2  vols. 
12mo.  2.  Beauties  of  the  Poets,  Lon.,  1777,  8yo.  See 
Atmore's  Methodist  Memorial. 

Janeway,  Jacob  J.,  D.D.,  1774-1858,  a  native  of  the 
city  of  New  York,  graduated  at  Columbia  College,  1794, 
became  a  Presbyterian  minister,  (was  also  for  some  time 
connected  with  the  Reformed  Dutch  Church,)  and  filled  seve 
ral  important  ecclesiastical  posts.  For  a  number  of  years 
before  his  death  he  was  a  resident  of  New  Brunswick,  N.  Jer 
sey.  1.  Expos,  of  the  Epist  to  the  Romans,  Phila.,  ISmo. 
2.  Expos,  of  the  Epist  to  the  Hebrews,  18mo.  3.  Internal 
Evidence  of  the  Holy  Bible,  12mo.  4.  Expos,  of  the  Acts 
of  the  Apostles,  24mo.  5.  Communicant's  Manual,  ISino. 

6.  On  Unlawful  Marriage,  N.  York,  1844,  18mo.     7.  Let 
ters  on  the  Abrahamic  Covenant     8.  Mode  of  Baptism. 
9.  Essays  on  the  Inability  of  Sinners.     10.  Letters  on  the 
Atonement.     11.  Review  of  Schaff  on  Protestantism.     12. 
With  the  Rev.  Samuel  Miller,  D.D.,  The  Christian  Edu 
cation  of  the  Children  and  Youth  in  the  Presbyterian 
Church,  Phila.,  18mo.     A  biographical  notice  of  Dr.  Jane- 
way  will  be  found  in  the  (Phila.)  Presbyterian  Magazine, 
May,  1853. 

Janeway ,  James,  1636-1674,  a  Non-conformist  divine 
at  Rotherhithe,  pub.  four  single  serms.,  1671-74;  the  Life 
of  his  brother  John,  1673,  8vo;  The  Saint's  Encourage 
ment  to  Diligence,  a  Legacy  to  his  Friends,  1675,  Svo; 
a  Token  for  Children,  1676,  8vo,  often  reprinted ;  and 
Heaven  upon  Earth,  1677,  Svo.  See  the  ed.  of  the  last, 
with  a  Hist  of  the  Janeway  Family,  by  Rev.  F.  A.  Cox, 
D.D.,  1847,  sm.  Svo.  See  also  Athen.  Oxon.;  Granger's 
Biog.  Hist  of  Eng.;  Calamy;  Robt.  Hall's  Works,  ed. 
1853,  iv.  434-437. 

Janney,  Samnel  L.  Poems.  See  South.  Lit  Mess., 
y.  505. 

Janney,  Samuel  M.,  b.  Loudon  co.,  Va.,  1801,  a 
member  of  the  Society  of  Friends.  1.  The  Country  School- 
House,  a  prize  poem,  1825.  2.  Conversations  on  Religious 
Subjects,  12mo,  1835;  3d  ed.,  Phila.,  1843.  3.  The  Last 
of  the  Lenape;  and  other  poems,  12mo,  1839.  See  South. 
Lit.  Mess.,  v.  505.  4.  A  Teacher's  Gift,  1840.  5.  An 
Historical  Sketch  of  the  Christian  Church,  1847.  6.  Life 
of  William  Penn,  with  selections  from  his  correspondence 
and  autobiography,  Phila.,  r.  Svo,  1852;  3d  ed.,  1856,  cr. 
Svo. 


JAN 


JAR 


"  Our  author  has  acquitted  himself  in  a  manner  worthy  of  his 
subject.  His  style  is  easy,  flowing,  and  yet  sententious.  Alto 
gether,  we  consider  it  a  highly  valuable  addition  to  the  literature 
of  our  age,  and  a  work  that  should  find  its  way  into  the  library  of 
every  friend:'— Friends'  Intelligencer,  Phila. 

The  last  ed.  contains  an  appendix  in  which  the  stric 
tures  of  Mr.  Macaulay  are  examined. 

7.  The  Life  of  Geo.  Fox,  with  dissertations  on  his  views 
concerning  the  doctrines,  testimonies,  and  discipline  of  the 
Christian  Church,  8vo,  1853 ;  2d  ed.,  1856,  cr.  8vo.  See 
Living  Age,  xl.  232 ;  Fox,  GEORGE,  p.  625.  Nos.  6  and  7 
have  been  favourably  received  in  England. 

.Bauson,  B.     Dutch  and  Eng.  Dictionary,  1793,  4to. 

Jansou,  Charles  William,  "late  of  the  State  of 
Ehode  Island,"  resided  in  America  from  1793-1806.  1. 
The  Stranger  in  America,  Lon.,  1807,  4to.  Severely  con 
demned  in  the  Edin.  Rev.  for  April,  1807,  but  more  fa 
vourably  noticed  (by  John  Foster)  in  the  Eclectic  Review; 
and  see  Foster's  Essays,  1856,  i.  44-62.  Other  notices  of 
the  work  will  be  found  in  the  following  English  periodicals 
for  1807:  Month.  Rev.,  May;  Anti-Jacobin  Rev.,  June; 
Oxford  Rev.,  June:  Eclectic  Rev.,  June;  European  Mag., 
May ;  Monthly  Mirror,  May ;  Modern  Plutarch,  May  ; 
Sporting  Mag.,  April;  Cabinet,  July;  and  see  Rich's 
Bibl.  Arner.  Nova,  ii.  29.  2.  Condition  of  the  States  of 
Barbary,  1816,  12mo. 

Janssen,  Sir  Stephen  Theodore,  Bart,  Cham 
berlain  of  London.  1.  Smuggling  Laid  Open,  Lon.,  1763, 
'67,  8vo.  2.  Letter  to  Lord-Mayor  Beckford,  1770,  4to. 
3.  Some  of  Janssen's  MSS.  were  pub.  in  Charles  King's 
Collec.  of  Papers  rel.  to  the  Trade  and  Com.  of  G.  Brit, 
and  Ireland,  1743,  3  vols.  8vo. 

Janus,  Jun.     Essays  in  Verse,  Lon.,  1766,  12mo. 

Jaques,  John.  The  Hist,  of  Junius  and  his  Works, 
Lon.,  1843,  cr.  8vo.  See  JUNIUS. 

Jaques,  Wm.     See  JACQUES. 

Jardine ,  Lt.  Transit  of  Venus,  & c. ;  Phil.  Trans.,  1 769. 

Jardine,  Major  Alexander.  Letters  from  Barbary, 
France,  Spain,  Portugal,  Ac.,  Lon.,  1788,  2  vols.  8vo; 
1793,  2  vols.  8vo.  Anon. 

Jardine,  David.  1.  General  Index  to  Howell's 
State  Trials,  Lon.,  1828,  8vo.  2.  Criminal  Trials,  1832- 
35,  2  vols.  12mo.  Part  of  the  series  of  the  Library  of 
Entertaining  Knowledge.  3.  A  Reading  on  the  Use  of 
Torture  in  the  Criminal  Law  of  England,  1837,  8vo. 

"A  very  learned  and  ingenious  Reading." — T.  B.  MACATJLAT: 
Crit.  and  Hist.  Essays,  Lon.,  1854;  ii.  180,  n.,  q.  v. 

4.  A  Narrative  of  the  Gunpowder  Plot,  185-7,  12mo. 

The  Athenaeum  of  Feb.  7,  1857,  (p.  181,)  and  the  Gent. 
Mag.  of  Feb.  1857,  (p.  213,)  give  very  different  accounts  of 
this  book,  which  may  be  called  a  new  ed.  of  vol.  ii.  of  Mr. 
Jardine's  Criminal  Trials. 

Jardine,  David  B.,  minister  of  the  Unitarian  Chapel, 
Bath.  1.  Three  Discourses,  Lon.,  1792,  cr.  8ro.  2.  Serms. 
from  his  MSS.,  with  his  Life,  Ac.  by  Rev.  J.  P.  Estlin, 
1798,  2  vols.  8vo. 

Jardine,  George,  1743-1827,  Prof,  of  Logic  and 
Rhetoric  in  the  Univ.  of  Glasgow,  1774-1827.  Outlines 
of  Philosophical  Education,  Glasg.,  1818,  8vo;  2d  ed., 
enlarged,  1825,  8vo. 

"  Contains  much  valuable  matter  in  the  nature  of  remarks  upon 
the  present  mode  of  teaching  in  our  universities,  with  suggestions 
towards  a  reform." —  Westminster  Rev. 

"It  is  most  admirably  calculated  for  the  education  of  youth,  and 
worthy  of  all  the  praise  that  can  be  bestowed  upon  it."—£lackw. 
Mag.,  July,  1818,  q.  v. 

An  interesting  biographical  sketch  of  Professor  Jardine 
will  be  found  in  Blackwood's  Mag.,  March,  1827. 

Jardine,  John.     See  FORBES,  JOHN  II. 

Jardine,  L.  J.,  M.D.  Letter  from  Pennsylvania  to 
a  Friend  in  England,  Lon.,  1795,  8vo.  Contains  advice 
upon  the  subject  of  emigration.  See  Rich's  Bibl.  Amer. 
Nova,  i.  392. 

Jardine,  William,  Surgeon,  R.N.  Essay  on  Surgi 
cal  Instruments,  Edin.,  1814,  '15,  8vo. 

Jardine,  Sir  William,  Bart.  1.  British  Salmo- 
nidse,  Pts.  1  and  2,  Lon.,  1839-41,  each  £3  3».  2.  Na 
tural  Hist,  of  Humming-Birds.  New  ed.,  1841,  2  vols. 
8vo,  £2  2*.  This  work  composes  vols.  i.  and  ii.  of  the 
Naturalist's  Library:  see  No.  3,  and  see  GOULD,  JOHN, 
No.  10.  3.  Naturalist's  Library,  1833-43,  40  vols.  12mo; 
1200  col'd  plates,  £12,  or  6«.  per.  vol.  People's  edit, 
1845-50,  £9,  or  4«.  6d.  each  vol. 

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assisted  by  Swainson,  Waterhouse,  Macgillivray,  Bushnan, 
Selby,  Scoinburgh,  Col.  Hamilton  Smith,  Dr.  Hamilton, 


!  and  the  Rev.  James  Duncan.  Each  vol.  (sold  separately) 
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History,  the  design  of  which,  the  London  Athenaeum  de 
clares,  was  taken  from  the  work  just  noticed.  See  Athen., 
1833,  802-804.  4.  Ichnology  of  Annandale,  3  Pts.  fol., 

1852,  each   £1    la.     5.  Contributions   to    Ornithology,   4 
series,  1848-51,   £3  9*.  for  all.     6.  With  Prideaux  John 
Selby,  Illustrations  of  Ornithology,  Edin.,  1829-45,  3  vols. 
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"This  is  a  very  excellent  and  valuable  work,  as  indeed  the  talent 
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strongly  recommend  it  to  our  scientific  readers." — NEVILLE  WOOD. 

The  editor's  assistants  in  this  work  were  J.  E.  Bicheno, 
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N.  A.  Vigors.  To  Sir  Wm.  Jardine  we  are  also  indebted 
for  the  Notes  and  the  Life  of  the  author  in  Wilson's 
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Synopsis  by  T.  M.  Brewer,  N.  York,  1854,  8vo ;)  an  ex 
cellent  edit,  of  White's  Natural  Hist,  and  Antiq.  of  Sel- 
borne ;  Memoirs  of  Hugh  Edwin  Strickland,  M.A.,  with 
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the  Annals  of  Natural  History,  Ac.  See  HOOKER,  SIB 
WILLIAM  JACKSON,  K.H.,  D.C.L.,  Ac. 

"  Sir  William  Jardine,  an  excellent  practical  observer." — Blackw. 
Mag.,  xlvii.  535. 

J  arm  an,  D.  E.,  of  Bedford  Episcopal  Chapel,  St. 
George's,  Bloomsbury.  1.  Romish  Monument,  Lon.,  1850. 
2.  Faith's  Trial,  1852.  3.  Young  Protestant,  1855. 

Jarman,  Henry.    New  Prac.  Ct.  of  Chancery,  Lon., 

1853,  12mo ;  2d  ed.,  enlarged,  1854,  12mo. 
"  It  is  most  ably  executed." — Lon.  Law  Mag. 

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Jarman,  Thomas.  1.  A  Treat  on  Wills,  Lon.,  1841- 
44,  2  vols.  r.  8vo ;  1st  Amer.  ed.,  by  J.  C.  Perkins,  Bost, 
1845, 2  vols.  8vo;  3d  Amer.  ed.,  by  J.  C.  P.,  enlarged,  1855, 
2  vols.  8vo.  A  new  English  ed.  is  now  in  press.  This  is 
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Warren's  Law  Studies,  ed.  1845,  573,  574,  929;  Warren's 
Duties  of  Attorneys  and  Solicitors,  1851,  384-385;  Shars- 
wood's  Profess.  Ethics,  1854,  126;  5  Jurist,  669;  vi.  485; 
8  Law  Rec.,  428;  3  Law  Mag.,  347;  Marvin's  Leg.  Bibl., 
420. 

"The  notes  added  to  the  edition  in  two  volumes  [1845]  by  J.  C. 
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treatise  which  we  have  on  the  subject." — 4  Kent's  Com.,  564,  n.,  ed 
1854. 

2.  Conveyancing.  See  BYTHEWOOD,  W.  M.  Of  Sweet's 
ed.,  vols.  i.-vii.,  ix.,  xi.,  and  xii.  (no  vols.  viii.  and  x.)  have 
been  pub.,  1839-50.  See  Warren's  Law  Studies,  ed.  1845, 
574.  3.  Forms  of  Wills :  see  HAYES,  WM.,  No.  8. 

Jarratt,  J.  H.  Trans,  of  Gianuto  and  Selenus's 
Works  on  Chess,  1817,  2  vols.  8vo. 

Jarrett,  Thomas,  Prof,  of  Hebrew  and  Arabic  in 
the  Univ.  of  Cambridge.  Hebrew  and  English  Lexicon 
I  and  Grammar,  Lon.,  1848,  8vo. 

Jarrold,  Thomas,  M.D.,  of  Manchester.  1.  Dis- 
'  sertation  on  Man,  in  answer  to  Malthus  on  Population, 
Lon.,  1806,  8vo. 

"  Have  you  seen  a  good  book  in  reply  to  Malthus,  by  Dr.  Jar 
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Anthropologia,  1808,  4to.  4.  Con.  to  Ann.  of  Med.,  1801. 

Jarrom,  T.  Discourses  on  Rom.  ix.,  Wisbech,  1827, 
12mo. 

"Non-Calvinistic,  but  practical." — Bickersteth's  C.  S. 

Jarry,  General.     Light  Infantry,  Lon.,  1803,  12mo. 

Jarves,  James  Jackson,  of  Massachusetts.  1.  Hist 
of  the  Hawaiian  or  Sandwich  Islands,  Bost.,  1843,  8vo; 
Lon.,  1843,  8vo. 

"Mr.  Jarvea  spent  four  years  among  the  Hawaiian  group,  and 
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ix.  15,  111. 

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955 


JAR 


JAY 


for  June  30,  and  by  the  North  American  Review  for  Oc 
tober,  1855.  Severely  criticized  by  Putnam's  Magazine 
for  Sept.  1855.  The  London  Art-Union  and  London 
Spectator  are  also  to  be  added  to  the  list  of  the  eulogists 
of  Mr.  Jarves's  Art  Hints.  6.  Italian  Sights  and  Papal 
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8.  Kiana:  a  Tradition  of  Hawaii,  1857,  p.  8vo. 

Jarvis,  Abraham,  D.D.,  1739-1813,  a  native  of  Nor- 
•walk,  Conn.,  grad.  at  Yale  College,  1761;  Bishop  of  the 
Prot.  Epis.  Church  in  the  State  of  New  York,  1797.  He 
pub.  a  Serin,  on  the  death  of  Bishop  Seabury,  (whom  he 
succeeded,)  and  one  on  the  Witness  of  the  Spirit. 

Jarvis  or  Jervas,  Charles,  d.  about  1740,  a  printer, 
pub.  a  trans,  of  Don  Quixote,  1742,  2  vola.  4to.  Several 
edits.  Motteux's  is  a  better  trans,  than  Jarvis's.  Re 
specting  edits.,  <fcc.  of  Don  Quixote,  see  Ticknor's  Hist, 
of  Spanish  Lit.,  vols.  ii.  and  iii. ;  Watt's  Bibl.  Brit. ;  Lowndes's 
Bibl.  Man. :  Sales's  edit,  of  Don  Quixote,  in  Spanish,  Bost., 
1836,  2  vols.  12mo;  a  review  of  this  edit,  by  Wm.  H.  Pres- 
cott,  the  historian,  in  N.  Arner.  Rev.,  July,  1837,  and  in 
Prescott's  Miscellanies,  1855,  123-175;  John  Bowie's  edit 
of  Don  Quixote,  1781,  6  vols.  4to;  (see  BOWLE,  JOHN;)  Ed 
mund  Gayton's  Festivious  Notes  upon  Don  Quixote,  1654, 
fol. ;  1768,  12mo;  (see  GAYTON,  EDMUND.)  Information 
concerning  Jarvis  will  be  found  in  Bowles's  ed.  of  Pope; 
Ruff  head's  Life  of  Pope,  p.  147,  4th  ed. ;  Walpole's  Anec 
dotes  of  Painting. 

"I  never  read  a  thing  with  more  pleasure  than  an  additional 
Bheet  to  Jervas's  preface  to  Don  Quixote :  before  I  got  over  two 
paragraphs  I  cried  out,  '  Aut  Erasmus,  aut  Diabolus.' " — POPE. 

The  most  beautiful  edit,  of  Don  Quixote  in  English  is 
that  pub.  by  Tilt  in  London,  1838,  3  vols.  Svo,  £2  10«.  ; 
again,  1843,  2  vols.  r.  8vo;  again,  by  Willoughby,  1852, 
2  vols.  r.  8vo,  £2  1*. ;  2  vols.  in  1,  8vo,  10*.  6rf.  This  is 
Jarvis's  trans,  revised  and  corrected,  with  800  wood-en 
gravings,  after  the  designs  of  Tony  Johannot,  and  16 
addit.  plates  by  Cosmo  Armstrong.  A  revised  trans,  for 
general  reading,  with  illustrations  by  Warren,  was  pub.  by 
Burns  in  London,  in  1848,  fp.  Svo,  6s.  This  is  the  proper 
edit,  for  the  ladies'  parlour.  Another  revised  trans.,  formed 
on  those  of  Motteux,  Jarvis,  and  Smollett,  with  18  cuts  by 
Armstrong,  and  32  after  Johannot,  was  pub.  in  London  in 
1842,  £1  8«. ;  the  same,  with  only  the  usual  18  cuts  by 
Armstrong,  18s. 

Jarvis,  Charles,  Prof,  of  Music,  Philadelphia.  Piano- 
Forte  Instructor,  Phila.,  1852,  fol.  This  work  reached  the 
7th  ed.  in  about  two  years. 

Jarvis,  Edward,  M.D.,  b.  at  Concord,  Mass.,  a  resi 
dent  of  Dorchester,  Mass.  1.  Practical  Physiology,  Phila., 
1848,  12mo.  Sale  to  Sept.  1854,  14,000  copies.  2.  Pri 
mary  Physiology  for  Schools,  1849,  12mo.  Sale  to  Feb. 
1852,  10,000  copies. 

"Well  adapted,  by  its  accuracy,  comprehensiveness,  and  the 
popular  language  in  which  it  is  expressed,  to  be  a  proper  and  valu 
able  book  for  the  purpose  which  it  was  designed  to  fill." — JOHN  C. 
WARREN,  M.D.,  of  Boston. 

Commended  by  other  high  authorities.  Dr.  Jarvis  has 
pub.  a  number  of  pamphlets  on  various  branches  of  medi 
cal  science,  and  contributed  to  the  leading  American 
medical  journals. 

Jarvis,  Samuel  Farmer,  D.D.,  LL.D.,  1787-1851, 
a  son  of  Bishop  Jarvis,  (ante,)  and  a  native  of  Middletown, 
Conn.,  was  educated  at  Yale  College,  ordained  deacon  in 
3810,  and  priest  in  1811;  Rector  of  St.  Michael's  Church, 
Bloomingdale,  New  York,  1811;  of  St.  James's,  New  York, 
(held  in  conjunction  with  the  former,)  1813;  Prof,  of  Bib 
lical  Criticism  in  the  (Episcopal)  General  Theological 
Seminary,  New  York,  1819-20 ;  first  Rector  of  St.  Paul's 
Church,  Boston,  1820-26 ;  travelled  in  Europe,  1826-35; 
Prof,  of  Oriental  Literature  in  Washington  (now  Trinity) 
College,  Hartford,  1835-37;  Rector  of  Christ  Church, 
Middletown,  1837-42 ;  appointed  Historiographer  of  the 
Church  by  the  General  Convention  (Prot.  Epis.  Church) 
of  1838.  From  1842  until  his  death  Dr.  Jarvis  devoted 
his  time  chiefly  to  the  preparation  of  an  ecclesiastical  his 
tory,  (commended  to  his  care  by  the  General  Convention 
of  1838,)  portions  of  which  were  pub.  in  1844  and  1850. 
See  Nos.  5,  8.  1.  A  Discourse  on  the  Religion  of  the  In 
dian  Tribes  of  North  America,  N.  York,  1820,  Svo.  Fa 
vourably  reviewed  by  John  Pickering  in  the  N.  Amer. 
Bev.,  July,  1820.  2.  Discourse  on  Regeneration,  1821. 


3.  Discourse  on  Christian  Unity,  1837.  4.  Serins,  on 
Prophecy,  1843,  1  vol.  5.  No  Union  with  Rome,  1843, 
pamph.  6.  A  Chronological  Introduction  to  the  Hist,  of 
the  Church,  being  a  new  Inquiry  into  the  True  Dates  of 
the  Birth  and  Death  of  our  Lord  and  Saviour  Jesus  Christ, 
and  containing  an  original  Harmony  of  the  Four  Gospels, 
now  first  arranged  in  the  order  of  time,  Lon.,  1844,  Svo; 
Bost.,  1845,  Svo. 

"Dr.  Jarvis  has  exhibited  accuracy  and  fidelity  as  an  historian, 
the  ripest  judgment  and  the  clearest  reasoning  as  a  commentator 
upon  the  intricate  authorities  on  which  he  had  to  build  his  founda 
tion  for  inquiry,  and  has  shown  himself  an  accomplished  scholar, 
fully  equal  to  the  task  committed  to  his  charge.  The  work  is  a 
foundation  on  which  the  Christian  historian  and  theologiau  may 
build ;  for  the  materials  are  solid,  and  the  work  admirably  exe 
cuted." — Lon.  Polytechnic  Review. 

"  A  learned  work  on  New  Testament  Chronology,  by  an  American 
divine  (Dr.  Jarvis,  of  Connecticut)  of  standing  and  reputation.  It 
is  quite  pleasant  to  find  the  daughter-church  rearing  chronologers 
and  scholars;  and  we  commend  Dr.  J.'s  undertaking  to  the  candid 
estimate  and  patronage  of  the  learned.'' — Lon.  Chris.  Rememb. 

"A  thorough  and  comprehensive  analysis  of  all  the  evidence  ex 
tant,  whether  sacred  or  profane,  upon  the  most  difficult  and  im 
portant  points  in  ecclesiastical  chronology, — viz. :  the  precise  years 
of  the  birth  and  death  of  our  Saviour.  ...  A  work  of  extraordinary 
research."— BISHOP  DOANE,  of  New  Jersey. 

See  also  New  Englander,  v.  215;  vi.  378,  (both  by  J.  L. 
Kingsley;)  N.  York  Church  Rev.,  i.  82,  (by  S.  F.  Jarvis;) 
Bost.  Chris.  Exam.,  xxxviii.  412;  Meth.  Quar.  Rev.,  v. 
269.  7.  The  Colonies  of  Heaven ;  a  Serm.,  1846.  8.  A 
Reply  to  Dr.  Milner's  End  of  Controversy,  so  far  as  the 
Churches  of  the  English  Communion  are  concerned,  N. 
York,  1847,  12mo.  See  Brownson's  Quar.  Rev.,  2cl  Ser., 
ii.  20.  9.  The  Church  of  the  Redeemed;  or,  The  Hist,  of 
the  Mediatorial  Kingdom,  2  vols.,  containing  the  First 
Five  Periods ;  from  the  Fall  of  Adam  in  Paradise  to  the 
Rejection  of  the  Jews  and  the  Calling  of  the  Gentiles,  vol. 
i.,  Bost.,  1850,  Svo,  pp.  662.  This  is  all  that  was  published. 
See  N.  York  Church  Rev.,  iv.  112.  Shortly  after  this  vol. 
was  issued  from  the  press,  the  author  was  attacked  by  the 
disease  which  terminated  his  earthly  existence,  March  26, 
1851,  in  the  65th  year  of  his  age.  In  addition  to  the 
literary  labours  already  noticed,  Dr.  Jarvis  contributed 
several  articles  to  the  N.  York  Church  Review,  edited  in 
1844  an  American  edit,  of  Thomas  Hartwell  Home's 
Mariolatry,  (see  No.  37,  under  his  name,)  and  made  some 
progress  in  the  preparation  of  a  work  on  Egypt. 

Jaudon,  Daniel,  Thomas  Watson,  and  Ste 
phen  Addington.  English  Orthographical  Expositor ; 
new  ed.,  Phila.,  1857. 

Jay,  Sir  James,  M.D.,  d.  in  New  York,  1815,  a  bro 
ther  of  Chief-Justice  John  Jay,  pub.  two  Letters  (one 
Lon.,  1771,  Svo,  the  other  1774,  Svo)  rel.  to  the  Collection 
made  for  the  Colleges  of  New  York  and  Philadelphia,  and 
a  work  on  the  Gout,  1772,  Svo. 

Jay,  John,  1745-1829,  a  native,  and  from  1795  to 
1801  Governor,  of  the  State  of  New  York,  one  of  the 
principal  promoters  of  the  cause  of  American  Independence, 
after  filling  many  important  public  posts  was  in  1789  ap 
pointed  by  General  Washington  Chief-Justice  of  the  United 
States.  He  wrote  Nos.  2,  3,  4,  5,  and  64  of  The  Federalist, 
a  number  of  State  Papers,  among  which  is  the  celebrated 
Address  to  the  People  of  Great  Britain,  in  1774,  the  Cor 
respondence  between  himself  and  Lewis  Littlepage;  2d 
ed.,  1786,  &c.  See  the  Life  of  John  Jay,  with  Selections 
from  his  Corresp.  and  Miscell.  Papers,  by  his  son,  Judge 
William  Jay,  N.  York,  1833,  2  vols.  8vo;  Lives  of  Jay 
and  Hamilton,  by  Prof.  James  Renwick,  LL.D.,  18uio ; 
Geo.  Van  Santvoor-d's  Sketches  of  the  Lives  and  Judicial 
Services  of  the  Chief-Justices  of  the  Supreme  Ct.  of  the 
U.  States,  1854;  Henry  Flanders's  Lives  and  Times  of 
the  Chief- Justices  of  the  United  States,  vol.  i.,  1855; 
Corresp.  of  Daniel  Webster,  1857,  i.  370 ;  Amer.  Annual 
Reg.,  1827-2'J,  215-234;  Nl  Amer.  Rev.,  xvii.  142,  (by  J1. 
C.  Gray;)  N.  Amer.  Rev.,  xxxvii.  315,  (by  0.  W.  B.  Pea- 
body;)  Amer.  Whig  Rev.,  ii.  59,  (by  W.  H.  Y.  Hackett;) 
Amer.  Month.  Rev.,  iv.  35;  N.  York  Rev.,  ix.  273,  (by  F. 
L.  Hawks;)  HAMILTON,  ALEXANDER,  in  this  Dictionary. 

'•The  general  learning  and  ability,  and  especially  the  prudence, 
the  mildness,  and  the  firmness  of  his  character,  eminently  fitted 
Mr.  Jay  to  be  the  head  ot  such  a  court,  [Supreme  Court  of  the  United 
fetates.J  When  the  spotless  ermine  of  the  judicial  robe  fell  on  Johu 
Jay,  it  touched  nothing  less  spotless  than  itself."— HON.  DANIEL 
WKBSTKR:  Speech  at  Public  Dinner  at  New  York,  March  10, 1831; 
Webster's  Works,  1854,  i.  201. 

'•Governor  Jay,  one  of  our  purest  and  most  illustrious  states 
men." — WASHINGTON  IRVING:  Life  of  George  Washington. 

Jay,  John,  b.  1817,  a  son  of  Judge  William  Jay,  and 
grandson  of  the  preceding,  graduated  at  Columbia  College, 
New  York,  1836,  has  pub.  some  pamphlets  on  the  subject 
of  slavery,  Ac. 


JAY 


JEB 


Jay,  John  C.,  of  New  York.  A  Catalogue  of  the 
Shells  in  his  Collection;  4th  ed.,  with  a  Supp.,  N.  York. 
See  Amer.  Jour,  of  Science  and  Arts,  Nov.  1851.  The 
value  of  Dr.  Jay's  collection  of  shells,  and  of  his  concho- 
logical  library,  is  well  known  to  the  student  in  this  de 
partment.  Dr.  Jay's  Catalogue  enumerates  ahout  11,000 
well-marked  varieties,  and  at  least  7000  well-established 
species. 

Jay,  Stephen,  of  Chinnor,0xford.  Serms,<fcc.,l  682-89. 
Jay,  William,  1789-1858,  a  native  of  the  city  of  New 
York,  First  Judge  of  the  county  of  Westchester,  New  York, 
second  son  of  Chief-Justice  John  Jay,  graduated  at  Yale 
College  in  1807.  1.  The  Life  of  John  Jay,  with  Selections 
from  his  Corresp.  and  Miscell.  Papers,  N.  York,  1833,  2 
vols.  8vo.  Reviewed  by  W.  B.  0.  Peabody,  in  N.  Amer. 
Rev.,  xxxvii.  315-340. 

"The  author  has,  without  transgressing  in  any  respect  the  limits 
prescribed  by  propriety  in  treating  of  the  merits  of  a  relative,  done 
ample  justice  to  the  memory  of  a  man  of  eminent  ability  and  vir 
tue." — Ubi  supra.  See  JAY,  JOHN,  and  authorities  there  cited. 

2.  Inquiry  into  the  Character  and  Tendency  of  the 
American  Colonization  and  American  Anti-Slavery  So 
cieties,  1835,  12mo.  3.  A  View  of  the  Action  of  the  Fede 
ral  Government  in  behalf  of  Slavery,  1839,  12mo.  4. 
War  and  Peace :  recommending  treaty-stipulations  bind 
ing  the  parties  to  refer  to  arbitration  such  future  disputes 
as  cannot  be  settled  by  negotiation,  12mo.  5.  A  Review 
of  the  Causes  and  Consequences  of  the  Mexican  War,  Bost., 
1849,  12mo,  pp.  333.  6.  A  volume  of  miscellaneous  wri 
tings  on  Slavery,  1854,  12mo,  pp.  670.  Judge  Jay,  like 
his  late  eminent  father,  was  noted  for  his  lively  interest  in 
the  welfare  of  his  fellow-men. 

Jay,  William,  1769-1854,  an  eminent  Dissenting 
divine,  a  native  of  Tisbury,  Wiltshire,  commenced  preach 
ing  when  between  15  and  16  years  of  age,  and  before  he 
was  21  had  delivered  nearly  1000  sermons.  On  the  31st 
of  Jan.  1791,  he  became  the  minister  of  Argyle  Chapel, 
Bath,  and  remained  in  this  situation  until  June,  1853,  or  for 
sixty-two  years.  In  Jan.  1841,  on  the  completion  of  the  50th 
year  of  his  ministry,  the  jubilee  was  celebrated  by  reli 
gious  services  in  the  chapel,  and  by  a  feast  in  the  Assembly 
Rooms,  where  820  persons  sat  down  together  to  breakfast. 
A  salver  and  £650  were  presented  to  the  object  of  this 
gratifying  token  of  respect.  To  the  volume  pub.  on  this 
occasion, — Jubilee  Memorial,  1841,  12mo, — to  Jay's  Auto 
biography,  edited  by  Rev.  Geo.  Redford  and  Rev.  J. 
Angell  James,  1854,  Svo,  (3d  ed.,  1855,  p.  $vo,)  to  the 
Memoir  of  Jay,  by  Rev.  S.  S.  Wilson,  1854,  fp.  Svo,  to 
Wallace's  Portraiture  of  Jay,  with  Notes  of  his  Con 
versations,  &c.,  and  to  Pen-Pictures  of  Popular  English 
Preachers,  1852, 12mo,  we  refer  the  reader  for  information 
respecting  this  excellent  divine.  The  best-known  of  Jay's 
works  are  Morning  and  Evening  Exercises,  (vols.  i.-iv., 
1842,  of  the  collective  ed.  of  his  Works;)  The  Christian 
Contemplated,  (vol.  vi.,  1843,  of  his  Works;)  Short  Dis 
courses,  (vols.  x.  and  xii.,  1844,  of  his  Works ;)  and  Morn 
ings  with  Jesus,  1854,  fp.  Svo.  The  collective  ed.  to  which 
we  refer  is  in  12  vols.  Svo,  Bath,  1842-44,  (N.  York,  3  vols. 
8vo,)  and  was  corrected  and  revised  by  the  author  himself. 
To  these  12  vols.  must  be  added  Lectures  on  Female  Scrip 
ture  Characters,  1854,  cr.  Svo;  Mornings  with  Jesus,  1854, 
fp.  Svo;  Evenings  with  Jesus;  and  Final  Discourses  at  Ar 
gyle  Chapel,  Bath,  1854,  fp.  8vo.  As  a  preacher,  as  well  as 
an  author,  Mr.  Jay  has  acquired  great  celebrity.  John  Foster 
calls  him  the  Prince  of  Preachers;  Sheridan  styled  him 
the  most  natural  orator  whom  he  had  ever  heard;  Dr. 
James  Hamilton  speaks  of  hearing  him  "  with  wonder  and 
delight;"  and  Beckford  describes  his  mind  as  "a  clear, 
transparent  stream,  flowing  so  freely  as  to  impress  us  with 
the  idea  of  its  being  inexhaustible." 

His  sermons,  too, — not  always  the  case  with  the  effu 
sions  of  popular  preachers, — will  bear  the  dispassionate 
judgment  of  the  closet  without  lessening  the  reputation 
of  their  author. 

"Mr.  Jay's  sermons,  although  a  little  too  warmly  coloured,  have, 
upon  the  whole,  great  merit  as  honest  and  impassioned  expositions 
of  the  several  texts  which  are  handled." — Dibdin's  Lib.  Comp. 

"Eloquent  and  pious."— Dr.  E.  Williams' s  C.  P. 

"Happily  connects  privilege  and  practice." — Sicker steth's  C.  S. 

"His  sermons,  like  his  other  publications,  are  universally  ad 
mired,  and  permanently  fixed  the  writer's  reputation.  .  .  .  One 
great  charm  of  this  divine's  works  is  the  catholic  spirit  which  per 
vades  them.  The  dissenter  seldom  intrudes,  the  sectarian  never 
appears ;  and  Christians  of  all  denominations  may  read  his  produc 
tions  without  finding  any  violence  done  to  their  party  predilec 
tions."— Lawndes's  Brit.  Lib.,  657,  903. 

"His  works  are  very  practical  and  devotional."— Bickersteth's 
C.S. 

"Mr.  Jay's  Works  have  held  a  high  place  in  the  estimation  of 
the  religious  world  for  more  than  the  average  duration  of  human 
life."— Lon.  Athenteum. 


Articles  upon  Jay's  Works  will  be  found  in  the  Prince 
ton  Review,  v.  369,  and  in  the  N.  York  Method.  Quar. 
Rev.,  v.  335.  See  also  European  Mag.,  June,  1819;  Lou. 
Athenaeum,  1854,  555,  1163,  1198;  Lon.  Gent.  Mag.. 
March,  1854. 

Jeacocke,  Abraham.    Two  Serms.,  1702,  both  Svo. 

Jeacocke,  Caleb,  d.  1786.  A  Vindic.  of  St.  Paul 
against  Bolingbroke  and  others,  Lon.,  1765,  Svo.  Jeacocke 
was  a  literary  baker,  and  a  famous  debater  at  the  Robin 
Hood  Speaking-Society,  where  Edmund  Burke,  and  others 
of  after  oratorical  distinction,  resorted  in  early  life. 

Jeaffreson,  J.  Cordy.  1.  Crew  Rise ;  a  Novel,  Lon., 
1854,  3  vols.  p.  Svo.  2.  Isabel :  The  Young  Wife  and  the 
Old  Love,  1857, 3  vols.  p.  Svo.  Commended  by  the  Athen 
aeum,  (1857,  212,)  Examiner,  Observer,  Messenger,  and 
John  Bull.  3.  Novels  and  Novelists  from  Elizabeth  to 
Victoria,  1858,  2  vols.  See  Lon.  Athen.,  Pt.  2,  134,  235. 

Jeaffreson,  W.  On  Diseases  of  the  Eye,  Lon.,  1844, 
Svo. 

Jeakes,  Samuel.  1.  Arithmetic,  Lon.,  1701,  fol. 
2.  Charters  of  the  Cinque  Ports,  1728,  fol.  3.  Short- 
Hand;  Phil.  Trans.,  1748. 

Jeamson,  Thomas.  Artificial  Embellishments, 
Oxon.,  1665,  Svo. 

Jeanes,  Henry,  1611-1662,  a  native  of  Allensaye, 
Somersetshire,  educated  at  Hart  Hall,  Oxford,  obtained 
the  rectories  of  Beercrocombe,  Capland,  and  Chedzoy, 
Somersetshire.  He  pub.  several  theolog.  treatises,  and  to 
him  is  ascribed  The  Image  Unbroken,  1651,  4to,  an  an 
swer  to  Milton's  Iconoclastes.  Watt  ascribes  this  answer 
to  Joseph  Jane.  See  Bliss's  Wood's  Athen.  Oxon. ;  He- 
ber's  ed.  of  Jeremy  Taylor's  Works. 

"Honest  Jeanes." — Cotton  Mather's  Essays  to  do  Good. 

Jeans,  George.  Practical  Astronomy  for  the  Un 
learned,  Lon.,  1848,  p.  Svo. 

Jeans,  Thomas.     Serm.,  Lon.,  1791,  Svo 

Jeans,  Thomas,  M.D.    The  Gout,  Lon.,  1792,  Svo. 

Jeary,  O.  A.    25  Serms,  Lon.,  1817,  Svo. 

"The  texts  are  all  discussed  in  a  practical  manner.  The  author 
has  evidently  aimed  throughout  at  usefulness." — DR.  J.  LEIFCHILD, 
the  editor. 

Jebb.     Life  of  Robert,  Earl  of  Leicester,  1727,  Svo. 

Jebb,  Lieut. -Col.  J.  N.  1.  Defence  and  Attack 
of  Outposts ;  3d  ed.,  Lon.,  1849,  8vo.  2.  Manual  for  the 
Military,  1853,  12mo. 

Jebb,  Major.  Construction  and  Ventilation  of  Mo 
dern  Prisons,  Lon.,  4to. 

Jebb,  John,  M.D.,  1736-1786,  a  native  of  London, 
educated  at  Trin.  Coll.,  Dublin,  and  at  Peter  House,  Camb., 
of  which  he  became  Fellow ;  Rector  of  Ovington,  Norfolk, 
1764;  resigned  his  gown  on  account  of  having  embraced 
Socinianism,  and  became  a  student  of  physic,  1775.  Whole 
Works,  Theological,  Medical,  Political,  and  Miscellaneous, 
with  Memoirs  of  Life  of  the  Author,  by  John  Disney,  D.D., 
Lon.,  1787,  3  vols.  Svo.  See  his  Memoirs  as  above;  Dar 
ling's  Cyc.  Bib.,  vol.  i.  1646.  Dr.  Jebb  was  a  man  of  pro 
found  learning,  and  a  zealous  advocate  of  civil  and  reli 
gious  liberty.  Dr.  Watt,  in  his  Bibl.  Brit.,  has  confounded 
this  Dr.  Jebb  with  Bishop  Jebb.  All  the  works  ascribed 
by  him  to  the  latter,  with  the  exception  of  the  last  two 
articles,  should  have  been  credited  to  John  Jebb,  M.D. 

Jebb,  John,  D.D.,  1775-1833,  a  native  of  Drogheda, 
Ireland,  educated  at  Trin.  Coll.,  Dublin,  presented  to  the 
living  of  Abington,  1810;  Bishop  of  Limerick,  Ac.,  1823. 
1.  Serm.,  1803,  Svo.  2.  Serms.  on  Subjects  chiefly  Prac 
tical,  1815,  Svo,  1816,  Svo,  1824,  Svo,  1832,  Svo. 

"  The  language  is  rich,  vigorous,  and  unaffected ;  the  style  simple 
and  commanding;  and  the  notes  will  be  read  with  much  satisfac 
tion  by  the  scholar  and  the  divine." — British  Critic. 

"  Perhaps  he  approaches  more  closely  the  standard  of  the  amiable 
and  pious  FENELON,  whose  deeply-spiritual  sentiments  we  could 
sometimes  fancy  him  to  have  enunciated  with  the  superior  energy 
of  a  MASSILLON  or  a  BOURDALOUE." — Lon.  Christian  Observer. 

3.  Sacred  Literature;  comprising  a  Review  of  the  Prin 
ciples  of  Composition  laid  down  by  Bp.  Lowth  in  his 
Praelectiones  and  Isaiah,  <fec.,  1820,  '28,  Svo,  1831,  Svo. 

"  Archdeacon  Jebb's  Sacred  Literature  has  the  highest  claims  to 
the  attention  of  every  biblical  student,  for  its  numerous  beautiful 
criticisms  and  elucidations  of  the  New  Testament." — T.  H.  HORNE  : 
see  Introduc.  to  the  Scrip.;  BOYS,  THOMAS,  in  this  Dictionary. 

"  In  this  learned  and  elegant  work  the  author  controverts  some 
of  Lowth's  views  of  Hebrew  poetry,  and  applies  others  of  them  to 
the  interpretation  of  many  passages  in  the  New  Testament.  .  .  . 
No  book  of  criticism  has  lately  appeared  more  worthy  of  attention 
from  the  biblical  scholar,  or  more  calculated  to  recommend  the 
study  of  the  Scriptures." — Orme's  Bibl.  Bib. 

"It  will  be  freely  acknowledged  that  he  has  thrown  new  light 
upon  some  parts  of  the  sacred  volume:  an  achievement  which  the 
student  will  duly  appreciate."— Dr.  E.  Wittiams's  C.  P. 

"A  valuable  addition  to  the  critical  sources  of  information."— 
Bickersteth's  C.  8. 

4.  Practical  Theology,  1830, 2  vola.  Svo;  1837, 2  vols.  Svo. 


JEB 


JEF 


"No  work  which  has  recently  fallen  into  our  hands  more  amply 
fulfils  the  promise  of  its  title  than  that  before  us." — Quar.  Theolog. 
Rev. 

5.  Pastoral  Instructions  rel.  to  the  Church  of  England, 
1831,    '44,    12mo.       6.  Thirty   Years'    Corresp.    between 
Bishop  Jebb  and  Alex.  Knox,  Esq.     Edited  by  the  Rev. 
Charles   Forster,    1834,  2  vols.  Svo;    1836,  2  vols.   8vo. 
Bishop  Jebb  also  edited  Piety  without  Asceticism,  1820, 
8vo;  Practical  Discourses,  by  Thos.  Townson,  D.D.,  with 
a  Memoir,  1828,  8vo;  the  Remains  of  Win.  Phelan,  D.D., 
with  a  Memoir,  1832,  2  vols.  8vo;  and  Bishop  Burnet's 
Lives,  Characters,  &c.,  with  an  Introduc.  and  Notes,  1833, 
8vo. 

See  Life  of  Bishop  Jebb,  with  a  Selection  from  his 
Letters,  by  the  Rev.  Charles  Forster,  2  vols.  8vo;  2d  ed., 
1837,  8vo;  3d  ed.,  1851,  p.  8vo. 

"  As  a  relative  and  a  friend,  Bishop  Jebb  here  shines  as  brightly 
as  he  does  as  a  scholar;  and,  what  is  yet  more  valuable,  they  who 
had  not  the  privilege  of  seeing  Bishop  Jebb  after  his  illness  will 
learn  from  Mr.  Forster  an  accurate  and  most  interesting  account 
how  a  Christian  could  suffer,  and  turn  his  sufferings  into  a  blessing 
to  himself  and  others.  The  whole  of  the  biography  is  written  in  a 
spirit  of  good  feeling  and  good  taste,  which  do  the  highest  honour 
to  Mr.  Forster." — British  Magazine. 

"The  Life  of  this  exemplary  Prelate,  this  amiable,  accomplished, 
and  pious  man,  not  only  teems  with  the  most  weighty  lessons,  of  a 
practical  kind,  for  the  imitation  of  every  Churchman  in  England, 
and  still  more  especially  in  Ireland  at  the  present  tune,  but  it  ex 
hibits  one  of  the  most  engaging  and  soundly-constituted  characters 
that  have  ever  been  delineated  for  the  lasting  benefit  of  mankind." — 
Lon.  Monthly  Review. 

Some  interesting  particulars  respecting  the  Jebb  family, 
which  has  given  many  sons  to  learning  and  science,  will 
be  found  in  Nichols's  Lit.  Anec.,  and  in  Lon.  Gent.  Mag., 
Feb.  1834.  His  lordship  was  never  married. 

Jebb,  John,  Rector  of  Peterstow,  Herefordshire.  1. 
Divine  Economy  of  the  Church,  Lon.,  1840,  fp.  8vo. 

"A  thoughtful,  perspicuous,  and  beautiful  comment." — Brit. 
Critic. 

2.  Choral  Service  of  the  Church  of  Eng.  and  Ire.,  1843, 
8vo.  3.  Choral  Responses  and  Litanies  of  the  Church, 
1847,  fol.  4.  Three  Lects.  on  the  Cathedral  Service  of 
the  Church  of  Eng.;  2d  ed.,  1845,  fp.  8vo.  5.  Literal 
Trans,  of  the  Book  of  Psalms,  1846,  2  vols.  8vo. 

"An  excellent  specimen  of  the  Jebb  School  of  Sacred  Litera 
ture." — Churchman's  Monthly  Rev. 

6.  Six  Letts,  on  the  Present  State  of  the  Church,  1851, 
fp.  8vo. 

Jebb,  Richard.    A  Union  with  Ireland,  1797,  8vo. 

Jebb,  Richard.  Bp.  Hampden's  Case,  1849,  r.  8vo. 
See  HAMPDEN,  RENN  DICKSON,  D.D. 

Jebb,  Robert.  1.  Reports  of  Crown  Cases  Reversed, 
1822-40,  Dubl.,  1841,  8vo;  1st  Amer.  ed.,  with  References 
by  J.  W.  Wallace,  Phila.,  1842,  8vo.  Mr.  Wallace's  Notes 
have  greatly  enhanced  the  value  of  this  vol.  See  Prof. 
Whiteside's  Lee.;  1  Leg.  Rep.,  296;  27  Amer.  Jur.,  468; 
Marvin's  Leg.  Bibl.,  149,  421.  2.  With  Arthur  R.  Symes, 
Queen's  Bench  and  Excheq.  Chan,  in  Ireland  Reports, 
1838-40 ;  Dubl.,  1840-42,  2  vols.  8vo.  3.  With  R.  Bourke, 
Queen's  Bench  in  Ireland  Reports,  1842,  8vo,  1843. 

Jebb,  Samuel,  M.D.,  d.  1772,  the  learned  editor  of 
Bibliotheca  Literaria,  (10  Pts.,  pub.  1722-24,)  a  native  of 
Nottingham,  educated  at  Peterhouse,  Cambridge,  also 
edited  Aristides,  1728,  2  vols.  4to,  Roger  Bacon's  Opus 
Majus,  1733,  fol.,  and  other  works.  See  Nichols's  Lit. 
Anec. 

Jee,  Thomas.     Serms.,  Lon.,  1837,  8vo. 

Jeff,  Robert,  M.D.    On  Consumption,  Lon.,  1842,  8vo. 

Jefferies.     Case  E.  India  Co.,  Lon.,  1689,  fol. 

Jeffers,  Wm.  N.,  U.S.  Navy.  Theory  and  Practice 
of  Naval  Gunnery,  N.  York,  1850,  8vo. 

Jefferson,  Jacob,  D.D.    Serm.,  1763,  8vo. 

Jefferson,  John.    Serms.,  1789,  Ac. 

Jefferson,  John.    A  Poem,  1813,  4to. 

Jefferson,  John,  of  Stoke-Newington.  Expos.  Lects. 
on  the  X.  Commandments,  1835,  18mo. 

"An  enlightened  and  judicious  exposition  of  this  summary  of  the 
moral  law."— Lon.  Congreg.  Mag. 

Mr.  Jefferson  has  pub.  several  other  theolog.  treatises. 

Jefferson,  Joseph.     Serm.,  &c.,  Lon.,  1803,  '13. 

Jefferson,  Joseph.    Poems  and  Serms.,  1773-1811. 

Jefferson,  T.  B.     Two  Serms.,  1808,  8vo. 

Jefferson,  Thomas,  April  2,  1743-July  4,  1826,  a 
native  of  Shadwell,  Albemarle  county,  Virginia,  entered 
William  and  Mary  College  in  1760,  and  subsequently 
studied  law  under  George  Wythe.  In  1769  he  was  elected 
a  member  of  the  Colonial  Assembly,  and  in  1775  succeeded 
Peyton  Randolph  in  the  National  Congress  at  Phila 
delphia,  and  on  the  28th  of  June,  in  the  next  year,  as 
chairman  of  tho  committee  appointed  for  that  purpose, 
reported  the  celebrated  Declaration  of  Independence, — 
which,  with  some  alterations,  was  adopted  on  the  4th  of 


July  ensuing.  How  far  Mr.  Jefferson  is  entitled  to  the 
credit  of  the  entire  originality  of  this  famous  document, 
the  reader  will  be  able  to  form  an  opinion  after  consulting 
the  works  of  John  Adams,  of  Thomas  Jefferson,  and  the 
biographies  of  these  distinguished  statesmen  and  patriots. 
See  also  an  interesting  article  upon  this  topic  in  George 
Ticknor  Curtis's  History  of  the  Constitution  of  the  United 
States,  vol.  i.,  1854,  pp.  81-88.  It  is  neither  our  business 
nor  our  pleasure  to  adjudicate  on  questions  of  state-paper 
history  or  political  partisanship  in  a  volume  of  this  cha 
racter,  but  we  may  be  allowed  to  say  that  Jefferson's  claim 
to  the  authorship  of  the  Declaration  of  Independence 
seems  as  fully  substantiated  as  the  nature  of  the  case  will 
possibly  allow.  From  1779  to  '81  Mr.  Jefferson  was 
Governor  of  his  native  State;  in  1783  was  again  elected  a 
member  of  Congress;  from  1784  to  '89  resided  at  Paris, 
succeeding  Franklin  in  1785  as  minister  from  the  United 
States;  in  1789  he  was  appointed  by  General  Washington 
Secretary  of  State,  which  office  he  held  until  1793;  was 
Vice-President  of  the  United  States  1797-1801,  and  Presi 
dent  of  the  Republic  1801-09.  Mr.  Jefferson  had  now 
reached  an  age  when  the  duties  of  public  life  were  no 
longer  inviting,  and  he  passed  his  remaining  years  at 
Monticello,  dividing  his  time  between  his  plantation,  his 
library,  and  the  entertainment  of  the  many  visitors  at 
tracted  to  his  mansion  by  his  widely-extended  reputation 
at  home  and  abroad.  He  died  on  the  same  day  as  that 
which  closed  the  earthly  existence  of  John  Adams, — the 
4th  of  July,  1826. 

As  an  author,  Mr.  Jefferson  is  best  known  by  his  Notes 
on  the  State  of  Virginia,  (originally  drawn  up  for  M.  De 
Marbois,)  of  which  200  copies  were  privately  printed  at 
Paris  in  1784,  (but  dated  1782,)  8vo.  A  French  transla 
tion,  by  the  Abbe  Morellet,  with  some  alterations  by  the 
author,  appeared  at  Paris  in  1786,  8vo,  and  an  edit,  of 
the  original  in  English  was  pub.  by  Stockdale  in  London 
in  1787,  8vo. 

But  on  this  subject  we  can  give  nothing  more  satisfac 
tory  to  the  reader  than  the  following  table,  (drawn  up  by 
a  well-known  American  historian  and  bibliographer,) 
which  we  find  in  The  Historical  Magazine,  Boston,  Feb. 
1857,  vol.  i.,  No.  2,  p.  52. 

"JEFFERSON'S  NOTES  ON  VIRGINIA. — The  following  is  a  list  of  the 
several  editions  of  this  work,  as  far  as  ascertained.  Those  with  a 
*  prefixed  have  been  collated.  They  are  all  8vo  except  when  other 
wise  marked: 

"*  Editi<*  princeps,  Paris,  1782;  pp.  391;  plate  of  Mammoth 
Cave. 

"*  French  edition,  Paris,  1786;  pp.  viii.,  290,  iv.,  map. 

"*  1st  English  do.,  Stockdale,  London,  1787;  pp.ii.,  382;  map. 

"*  1st  American  do.,  Pritchard  and  Hall,  Philadelphia.  1788 ;  pp. 
ii.,  244. 

"2d  American  do.,  Philadelphia,  1788;  pp.  ii.,  336. 

"Another  do.,  Philadelphia,  1792;  ii.,  336. 

"  *  Another  do.,  Carey,  Philadelphia,  1794 ;  ii.,  336  ;  map. 

"  *  Appendix  to  Notes,  Smith,  Philadelphia,  1800 ;  pp.  51 ;  wood 
cut. 

"Notes;  American  edition,  Baltimore,  1800. 

"*  3d  American  edition,  M.L.Davis,  New  York,  1801;  pp.392; 
portrait ;  map ;  two  wood-cuts. 

"  *  1st  hot-pressed  do.,  Rawle,  Philadelphia,  1801 ;  pp.  ii.,  436, 56 ; 
portrait ;  map ;  two  plans,  and  view  of  Natural  Bridge. 

"*  8th  American  do.,  Carlisle,  Boston,  1801;  pp.  364;  portrait; 
map ;  two  wood-cuts. 

"  *  9th  American  do.,  Sprague,  Boston,  1802 ;  12mo,  pp.  368 ;  map. 

"Another  do., Trenton,  N.J.,  1803;  12rno,  extra  fine  paper. 

"Another  do.,  New  York,  1804;  best  ed.;  pp.  392. 

"  Another  do.,  Hogan  and  Thompson,  Philadelphia,  1825 ;  12mo. 

"Another  do.,  Boston,  1832. 

"  *  Last  edition,  Randolph,  Richmond,  1853 ;  3  ff.  pp.  275 ;  map ; 
four  lithographs ;  one  folding  sheet  of  letter-press. 

"  It  will  be  noticed  that  very  little  order  seems  to  have  obtained 
in  numbering  the  editions.  That  called  the  3d  American  appears 
to  have  been  the  6th  in  succession ;  the  1st  hot-pressed,  the  7th ; 
and  so  forth.  Perhaps  some  of  your  readers  may  be  able  to  con 
tribute  to  the  above  list.  Were  there  not  any  editions  during  Mr. 

Jefferson's  second  term  as  President  ?  ™  ,,  /vn  » 

±j.  15.  <J  U. 

The  last  ed.,  above  noticed,  was  printed  from  Mr.  Jeffer 
son's  own  copy,  with  his  MS.  annotations,  intended  ap 
parently  for  a  new  issue.  We  may  state  that  Mr.  Randolph 
has  now,  (Jan.  1857,)  or  had  a  few  weeks  since,  on  sale, 
this  copy  of  Mr.  Jefferson's,  which  is  priced  at  $100.  Nor 
must  we  omit  to  notice  Mr.  Randolph's  enterprise  in  re- 
publishing  the  History  of  the  University  of  Virginia,  as 
detailed  in  the  Correspondence  of  Mr.  Jefferson  and  Joseph 
C.  Cabell,  Richmond,  1856,  8vo.  Of  these  letters  of  Jeffer 
son's,  all,  with  the  exception  of  eight,  are  now  given  to 
the  world  for  the  first  time.  Ample  information  respecting 
the  character  of  the  Notes  on  Virginia  will  be  found  in 
the  authorities  referred  to  in  the  course  of  this  article. 
As  Stevenson's  Catalogue  of  Voyages  and  Travels,  how 
ever,  is  now  rarely  to  be  met  with,  it  may  be  worth  while 
to  quote  his  opinion  of  the  work : 


JEF 


JEF 


"Notes  on  Virginia,  by  Thos.  Jefferson,  1788,  Svo.  Politics,  com 
merce,  manufactures,  and  navigation,  are  here  treated  of  in  a  satis 
factory  and  instructive  manner,  but  with  rather  too  much  the  air 
of  philosophy."— P.  623. 

In  1829  was  pub.,  by  Jefferson's  grandson,  Memoirs, 
Correspondence,  and  Private  Papers  of  Thomas  Jefferson, 
edited  by  Thomas  Jefferson  Randolph,  4  vols.  8vo,  Char- 
lottesville,  Va. ;  reprinted  in  London  and  in  Boston  in  the 
same  year,  and  in  New  York  in  1830 ;  all  in  4  vols.  8vo. 
But  recently  there  has  appeared  a  more  important  publi 
cation, — viz.:  The  Writings  of  Thomas  Jefferson;  being 
his  Autobiography,  Correspondence,  Reports,  Messages, 
Addresses,  and  other  Writings,  official  and  private ;  from 
the  original  manuscripts  deposited  in  the  Department  of 
State.  With  Explanatory  Notes,  tables  of  contents,  and  a 
copious  Index  to  each  volume,  as  well  as  an  Index  to  the 
whole,  N.  York,  1854,  9  vols.  8vo.  By  the  Editor,  H.  A. 
Washington.  This  edit,  is  from  the  MSS.  bequeathed  to 
Thomas  Jefferson  Randolph,  the  author's  grandson,  and 
purchased  by  Congress  in  1848.  The  reader  is  also  re 
ferred — in  addition  to  the  histories  of  the  Revolutionary 
period — to  the  following  biographies  of  Jefferson :  by 
Professor  George  Tucker,  Phila.  and  Lon.,  1837,  2  vols. 
Svo;  by  Wm.  Linn,  Ithaca,  N.  Y.,  1834,  12mo;  by  B.  L. 
Rayner,  Bost.,  1834,  12rno;  by  H.  A.  Garland;  by  Theo 
dore  Dwight,  1839,  12mo.  See  also  Observations  on  the 
Writings  of  Thomas  Jefferson,  by  H.  Lee,  of  Virginia,  N. 
York,  1832,  Svo,  1839,  Svo,  1845,  Svo,  with  addit.  notes 
by  C.  C.  Lee,  of  Powhatan,  in  answer  to  George  Tucker's 
Remarks  in  his  Life  of  Jefferson ;  The  Youth  of  Jefferson, 
a  Chronicle  of  College  Scrapes  at  Williamsburg,  in  Vir 
ginia,  1855,  12mo.  It  is  worthy  of  observation  that  Jeffer 
son's  Manual  of  Parliamentary  Practice  (trans,  into  French 
by  L.  A.  Pichon,  Paris,  1814,  Svo)  is  still  in  use,  and  de 
ferred  to  as  an  authority  at  Washington  and  elsewhere, 
and  an  edit,  has  been  pub.  within  the  last  three  or  four 
years.  It  is  incorporated  in  Sutherland's  excellent  Con 
gressional  Manual,  of  which  the  2d  edit,  appeared  in  1846, 
Phila.,  18mo.  It  may  be  expected  that  we  should  not 
conclude  a  notice,  however  hasty  and  imperfect,  of  the 
•writings  of  Thomas  Jefferson,  without  cautioning  the 
reader  against  the  pernicious  influence  of  those  portions 
of  his  lucubrations  which  assail  the  divine  authority  of 
the  Scriptures.  But,  indeed,  it  is  hardly  conceivable  that 
any  intelligent  and  candid  mind  could  be  perverted  by 
the  crudities  and  self-contradictory  sophisms  which  dis 
tinguish  the  theological  speculations  of  the  "Sage  of 
Monticello."  The  effect  produced  on  our  own  mind — 
when  as  yet  very  young  and  inexperienced  in  the  incon 
sistencies  of  mental  physiology — by  the  perusal  of  a  por 
tion  of  Jefferson's  famous  letters  to  William  Short  was 
that  of  astonishment  that  a  mind  apparently  so  inert  ant 
obtuse  in  metaphysics  could  evince  vigour  and  acutenes 
in  political  philosophy.  That  remarkable  exhibition  of 
theologia  dogmatica,  Jefferson's  Plutarchian  contrast  be 
tween  his  own  creed  and  that  of  the  Founder  of  Christi 
anity,  would  amuse  us  by  its  egotism,  did  it  not  shock  u 
by  its  irreverence.  But,  with  whatever  mortification  a  spec 
tacle  so  humiliating  may  be  regarded  by  the  infidel,  Chris 
tianity  has  nothing  to  fear  even  from  much  more  fonnidabl 
opposition. 

A  graphic  sketch  of  Mr.  Jefferson's  appearance,  man 
ners,  and  conversation,  will  be  found  in  a  letter  of  Judge 
Joseph  Story  to  Mr.  Fay,  dated  Washington,  May  30 
1847,  (see  Story's  Life  and  Corresp.,  i.  151-152;)  and  an 
account  of  equal  interest  will  be  published  in  a  few  day 
in  the  Private  Correspondence  of  Daniel  Webster,  vol.  i 
364-373.  Mr.  Webster  was  so  thoughtful  as  to  preservi 
an  extended  memoranda  of  Mr.  Jefferson's  remarks;  an< 
they  will  well  repay  perusal.  Perhaps  we  cannot  make  i 
better  use  of  a  portion  of  the  small  space  to  which  we  ar 
confined  in  this  article  than  by  devoting  it  to  Mr.  Web 
ster's  summing  up  of  the  evidence  in  favour  of  Jefferson' 
claim  to  the  authorship  of  the  Declaration  of  Independ 
ence: 

"  The  merit  of  this  paper  is  Mr.  Jefferson's.  Some  changes  wer 
made  in  it  at  the  suggestion  of  other  members  of  the  committee 
and  others  by  Congress  while  it  was  under  discussion.  But  non 
of  them  altered  the  tone,  the  frame,  the  arrangement,  or  the  gene 
ral  character,  of  the  instrument.  As  a  composition,  the  Declaratior 
is  Mr.  Jefferson's.  It  is  the  production  of  his  mind,  and  the  high 
honour  of  it  belongs  to  him  clearly  and  absolutely.  To  say  tha 
lie  performed  his  great  work  well  would  be  doing  him  injustice 
To  say  that  he  did  excellently  well,  admirably  well,  would  be  in 
adequate  and  halting  praise.  Let  us  rather  say  that  he  so  dis 
charged  the  duty  assigned  him,  that  all  Americana  may  wel 
rejoice  that  the  work  of  drawing  the  title-deed  of  their  libertie 
devolved  upon  him." — A  Discourse  in  Commemoration  of  the  Live, 
and  Services  of  John  Adams  and  Thomas  Jefferson;  delivered  i 
faneuil  Hall,  Boston,  Aug.  2, 1826:  Webster's  Works,  1854,  i.  126 
JL27. 


To  the  same  effect  another  distinguished  orator,  and  on 
i  like  occasion,  remarks : 

"  On  the  seventh  of  June,  the  resolution  of  independence  waa 
moved  by  Richard  Henry  Lee.  On  the  eleventh,  a  committee  of 
ve  was  chosen  to  announce  this  resolution  to  the  world;  and 
'homas  Jefferson  and  John  Adams  stood  at  the  head  of  this  com 
mittee.  From  their  designation  by  ballot  to  this  most  honorable 
uty,  their  prominent  standing  in  the  Congress  might  alone  be  in- 
erred.  In  their  amicable  contention  and  deference  each  to  the 
ther  of  the  great  trust  of  composing  the  all-important  document, 
re  witness  their  patriotic  disinterestedness  and  their  mutual  re- 
pect.  This  trust  devolved  on  Jefferson,  and  with  it  rests  on  him 
he  imperishable  renown  of  having  penned  the  Declaration  of  Inde- 
jendence.  To  have  been  the  instrument  of  expressing,  iu  one 
rief,  decisive  act,  the  concentrated  will  and  resolution  of  a  whole 
family  of  States;  of  unfolding,  in  one  all-important  manifesto,  the 
causes,  the  motives,  and  the  justification  of  this  great  movement  in 
111111:111  affairs;  to  have  been  permitted  to  give  the  impress  and 
>eculiarity  of  his  own  mind  to  a  charter  of  public  right,  destined — 
>r,  rather,  let  me  say,  already  elevated — to  an  importance,  in  the 
estimation  of  men,  equal  to  any  thing  human,  ever  borne  on  parch 
ment,  or  expressed  in  the  visible  signs  of  thought, — this  is  the 
glory  of  Thomas  Jefferson." — EDWARD  EVERETT  :  Eulogy  on  Adams 
and  Jefferson,  1st  of  Aug.  1826.  Everett's  Orations  and  Speeches, 
1853,  i.  131-149. 

From  an  historical  sketch  of  the  public  life  of  Jefferson, 
by  an  eminent  orator,  still  (1857)  in  the  vigorous  exercise 
of  his  remarkable  faculties  at  the  ripe  age  of  almost  four 
score,  we  extract  a  few  lines  which  will  be  accepted  in 
whole,  or  with  more  or  less  reservation,  as  the  political 
judgment  of  our  readers  may  incline. 

"  After  Washington  and  Franklin,  there  is  no  person  who  fills  so 
eminent  a  place  among  the  great  men  of  America  as  Jefferson. 
Whether  we  regard  his  important  services  in  the  Revolutionary 
contest,  or  his  subsequent  assertion  of  the  principles  upon  which 
the  separation  was  undertaken, — both  while  ho  filled  a  subordinate 
station  in  Washington's  presidency,  thwarted  by  his  colleagues, 
as  well  as  at  variance  with  his  chief,  and  while  he  administered  him 
self  the  government  of  that  free  and  prosperous  country, — uo 
reasonable  doubt  can  be  entertained,  that  to  his  enlightened  views 
and  to  the  firmness  of  his  character  it  is  indebted  for  much  of 
that  freedom  and  prosperity." — LORD  BROUGHAM  :  Review  of  George 
Tucker's  Life  of  Jefferson,  Edin.  Rev.,  1837 ;  and  in  Brougham's 
collected  Contrib.  to'  the  Edin.  Rev.,  Lon.  and  Glasg.,  1856,  iii.  443- 
482.  See  TUCKER,  GEORGE. 

In  addition  to  the  authorities  cited  above,  see  Edin. 
Rev.,  li.  496;  Westm.  Rev.,  xiii.  312;  Eclec.  Rev.,  4th 
Ser.,  v.  249;  Lon.  Month.  Rev.,  cxxi.  277;  Blackw.  Mag., 
xv.  509,  xvi.  622,  xvii.  67,  xxx.  773,  xxxiv.  296,  299; 
N.  Amer.  Rev.,  xxxix.  238,  xl.  170,  (both  by  A.  H.  Everett,) 
1.  511,  (by  A.  Ritchie;)  Amer.  Whig  Rev.,  xii.  33;  Amer. 
Quar.  Rev.,  i.  54,  vii.  123 ;  Democrat.  Rev.,  xxvii.  193 ; 
N.  York  Rev.,  i.  5 ;  Niles's  Reg.,  xiv.  173,  xxiv.  193,  xxx. 
35,  280,  329,  345,  368,  390,  xxxi.  197,  xliii.,  Supp.,  37  j 
South.  Rev.,  v.  100;  South.  Lit  Mess.,  iii.  31,  304,  iv. 
207,  vi.  642,  (by  A.  P.  Upshur,)  xv.  574;  Knick.,  vi.  394, 
537;  Phila.  Mus.,  xxxii.  289. 

A  new  life  of  Mr.  Jefferson,  by  Henry  S.  Randall,  LL.D., 
was  pub.  in  1858,  3  vols.  Svo.  Dr.  R.  received  from  the 
representatives  of  Mr.  Jefferson  many  family  MSS.,  none 
of  which  had  seen  the  light.  See  RANDALL,  HENRY,  LL.D. 
Jeffery,  Jeffrey,  or  Geoffrey,  of  Monmouth. 
See  GEOFFREY  OF  MONMOUTH. 

Jeffery,  John,  1647-1720,  a  native  of  Ipswich,  en- 
tered  of  Catherine  Hall,  Cambridge,  1664;  minister  of 
St.  Peter's  of  Mancroft,  Norwich,  1678;  Archdeacon  of 
Norwich,  1694.  A  complete  collection  of  his  Serms.  and 
Tracts,  Lon.,  1753,  2  vols.  Svo.  See  Memoirs  prefixed  to 
the  collection;  Birch's  Life  of  Tillotson.  Jeflfery  was  a 
friend  of  Sir  T.  Browne. 
Jeffery,  John.  Serm.,  Lon.,  1809,  Svo. 
Jeffery,  Thomas,  a  Dissenting  divine,  settled  at 
Little  Baddow,  Essex,  1726,  pub.  a  Serm.,  1726,  Svo,  and 
three  tracts,  treatises  against  Anthony  Collins,  the  in 
fidel,  1725,  '26,  '28,  all  Svo.  Of  the  one  entitled  a  Re 
view,  <fcc.,  1726,  Dr.  Leland  remarks: 

"  This  is  drawn  up  in  a  clear  and  judicious  manner,  and  was 
deservedly  well  esteemed."— Deistical  Writers,  ed.  1837,  79. 
Dr.  Kennicott  also  commends  Jeffery's  answer  to  Collins. 
Jefferys,  Nathaniel,  M.P.  for  the  city  of  Coventry, 
pub.  tracts  rel.  to  the  Prince  of  Wales,  Mrs.  Fitzherbert, 
<fcc.,  Lon.,  1806,  Svo,  and  an  Account  of  Dublin,  1810. 

Jefferys,  Thomas,  Geographer  to  George  III.,  pub. 
a  number  of  atlases,  historical,  geographical,  and  other 
works,  for  a  list  of  which  see  Watt's  Bibl.  Brit. ;  Rich's 
Bibl.  Amer.  Nova,  vol.  i. 

Jeffray,  James,  M.D.     Carious  Joints,  Glasg.,  1806. 

Jeffrey,  Alexander.    1.  Guide  to  the  Antiquities 

and  Scenery  of  the  Border,  Lon.,  1839,  18mo.    2.  History 

and  Antiquities  of  Roxburghshire,  <fcc. :  vols.  i.  and  ii.,  1858. 

See  Lon.  Athen.,  681. 

Jeffrey,  Francis,  Lord,  1773-1850,  a  native  of 
Edinburgh,  the  eldest  son  of  George  Jeffrey,  Under-Clerk 
in  the  Court  of  Sessions,  was  sent  to  the  University  of 


JEF 


JEF 


Glasgow  in  1787,  and  removed  in  1791  to  Queen's  College, 
Oxford,  where  he  remained  but  one  session.  In  1794  he 
was  admitted  an  advocate  at  the  Scotch  Bar,  where  his 
services  were  so  seldom  called  into  requisition  that  he 
declared,  so  late  as  1803,  he  had  never  yet  made  £100  in 
any  one  year  by  his  profession.  At  the  Speculative  So 
ciety,  in  Edinburgh,  he  became  acquainted  with  a  number 
of  young  men  of  decided  abilities,  and,  like  himself, 
anxious  aspirants  after  fame  and  fortune;  and  with  two 
of  these — Sydney  Smith  and  Henry  Brougham — he  formed 
a  literary  intimacy  which  resulted  in  the  establishment  of 
the  Edinburgh  Review,  originated  by  Smith,  but  confided 
to  the  editorial  care  of  Jeffrey  after  the  publication  of  the 
first  three  numbers.  This  responsible  post  was  held  by 
Jeffrey  from  July,  1803,  to  June,  1829,  when  he  withdrew 
from  the  chair  of  the  critic  to  occupy  the  post  of  Dean  of 
the  Faculty  of  Advocates,  an  office  of  distinction  at  the 
Scottish  Bar.  In  1830,  Mr.  Jeffrey  was  appointed  Lord- 
Advocate;  in  February,  1831,  he  took  his  seat  in  Parlia 
ment,  where  he  continued  for  more  than  three  years,  and 
in  1834  succeeded  Lord  Craigie  in  the  Court  of  Session, — 
which  position  gave  him  the  honorary  title  of  Lord  Jeffrey. 
He  so  demeaned  himself  in  his  high  office  as  to  secure  the 
favour  of  all  classes  with  whom  he  was  brought  into  con 
tact,  and  many  a  poor  author  who  had  writhed  under  the 
galling  pen  of  the  critic  considered  himself  compensated 
by  the  courteous  accents  and  bland  manners  of  the 
judge. 

"His  great  courtesy  to  the  bar,  and  his  singular  patience,  might 
be  taken  as  models  of  judicial  demeanour.  But  who  shall  tell  the 
almost  magic  charm  that  he  imparted  to  the  dull  routine  of  a  Court 
of  Justice?  That  he  touched  nothing  which  he  did  not  adorn  was 
the  least  of  his  praise.  How  many  sat  daily  there,  listening  to  the 
wonderful  words  of  that  now  remarkable  sage,  replete  with  wisdom, 
eloquence,  and  legal  lore,— catching  those  bright  jewels  which  he 
scattered  as  profusely  over  the  musty  pages  of  a  trumpery  Record 
as  if  he  were  engaged  on  some  immortal  work!  Let  our  young 
barristers  who  crowded  that  court-room  tell  how  the  dull  shafts  of 
legal  argument  came  back  from  his  quiver  tipped  with  silver, — how 
strangely  and  wonderfully  the  bright  flashes  of  his  mind  lighted 
up  the  darkest  and  dingiest  recesses  of  the  most  technical  walks  of 
jurisprudence, — how  known  truths  were  decked,  and  dim,  misty 
paths  of  logic  were  illumined,  by  his  genius,— and  how  he  seemed  to 
have  summoned  the  aid  of  all  the  Muses  to  assist  at  the  solemnities 
of  Themis.  We  may  see  great  lawyers  and  great  judges  in  our 
day,  but  we  shall  never  look  upon  his  like  again."— North  British 
Review,  xiii.  283. 

We  should  not  omit  to  state  that  in  1820  Jeffrey  was 
elected  Lord-Rector  of  the  University  of  Glasgow,  a  grate 
ful  tribute  from  his  Alma  Mater. 

Of  the  personal  appearance  of  Lord  Jeffrey  we  have  the 
following  portrait : 

"In  person  the  subject  of  our  memoir  was  of  low  stature;  but 
his  figure,  which  he  tried  to  set  off  to  the  best  advantage,  was  ele 
gant  and  well  proportioned.  His  features  were  continually  varying 
in  expression,  and  were  said  to  have  baffled  our  best  artists.  The 
face  was  rather  elongated,  the  chin  deficient,  the  mouth  well  formed, 
with  a  mingled  expression  of  determination,  sentiment,  and  mock 
ery.  The  eye  was  the  most  peculiar  feature  of  the  countenance : 
it  was  large  and  sparkling,  but  with  a  want  of  transparency."— 
Sketches  of  the  Scottish  Bar. 

It  was  in  1815  that  Jeffrey  "set  up  his  rustic  house 
hold-gods"  at  Craigcrook,  near  Edinburgh,  where  he  con 
tinued  to  pass  his  summers  until  the  year  of  his  death. 
There  he  entertained  his  numerous  guests  in  a  manner  of 
which  Lord  Cockburn  has  given  us  a  graphic  picture  : 

"No  unofficial  house  in  Scotland,"  saysliis  Lordship,  "has  had  a 
greater  influence  on  literary  or  political  opinion.  Beautiful  though 
the  spot,  as  he  has  kept  it,  is,  its  deepest  interest  arises  from  its 
being  the  residence  of  such  a  man.  Nothing  can  efface  the  days 
they  have  passed  there  from  the  recollection  of  his  friends.  Their 
rural  festivities  are  dignified  by  his  virtues  and  talents,  by  all  our 
Edinburgh  eminence,  and  by  almost  every  interesting  stranger. 
The  Craigcrook  Saturdays  during  the  summer  session  I"— Lord 
Cockburn's  Memorials  of  his  Time,  1856. 

Lord  Jeffrey  was  married  twice, — first,  in  1804,  to  Cathe 
rine,  daughter  of  the  Rev.  Dr.  Wilson,  of  St.  Andrew's  ; 
and  secondly,  in  1813,  to  Charlotte,  daughter  of  Charles 
Wilkes,  of  New  York,  and  grand-niece  of  the  celebrated 
John  Wilkes,  of  London. 

The  history  of  the  Edinburgh  Review  is  one  of  the  most 
interesting  pages  in  the  annals  of  English  Literature;  and 
ample  details  respecting  this  periodical,  and  its  influence 
upon  letters,  will  be  found  in  the  authorities  quoted  from 
or  referred  to  in  this  article,  and  in  other  works  familiar 
to  many  of  our  readers.  It  was  successful  from  the  com 
mencement;  and  in  the  space  of  six  years  the  circulation 
had  increased  from  750  to  about  9000.  In  1813  the  num 
ber  of  each  copy  printed  was  12,000  to  13,000.  The  radi 
cal  changes  both  in  opinion  and  statutes  introduced  by  its 
influence,  at  an  early  or  later  day,  were  remarkable  in 
deed: 


Engla 


To  appreciate  the  value  of  the  Edinburgh  Review,  the  state  of 
nd  at  the  period  when  that  journal  began  should  be  had  in 


960 


remembrance.  The  Catholics  were  not  emancipated — the  Corpora 
tion  and  Test  Act  were  unrepealed — the  Game-Laws  were  horribly 
oppressive,  Steel-Traps  and  Spring-Guns  were  set  all  over  the 
country — Prisoners  tried  for  their  lives  could  have  no  Counsel — 
Lord  Eldon  and  the  Court  of  Chancery  pressed  heavily  upon  man 
kind — Libel  was  punished  by  the  most  cruel  and  vindictive  im 
prisonments — the  principles  of  Political  Economy  were  little  under 
stood — the  Law  of  Debt  and  of  Conspiracy  were  upon  the  worst 
possible  footing — the  enormous  wickedness  of  the  Slave-Trade  was 
tolerated — a  thousand  evils  were  in  existence,  which  the  talents 
of  good  and  able  men  have  since  lessened  or  removed;  and  these 
effects  have  been  not  a  little  assisted  by  the  honest  boldness  of  the 
Edinburgh  Review." — REV.  SYDNEY  SMITH,  June,  1839 :  Preface  to 
his  Works. 

"  Previous  to  1802,  the  literary  periodicals  of  Great  Britain  were 
repositories  of  miscellanies  relating  to  art,  poetry,  letters,  and 
gossip, — partly  original  and  partly  selected, — huddled  together  with 
out  system,  and  making  up  a  medley  as  varied  and  respectable  as 
a  first-class  weekly  newspaper  of  the  present  day.  The  criticisms 
of  books  were  jejune  in  the  extreme,  consisting  chiefly  of  a  few 
smart  witticisms  and  meagre  connecting  remarks,  stringing  to 
gether  ample  quotations  from  the  work  under  review.  They  rarely 
ventured  into  deep  water  on  philosophical  subjects,  and  as  seldom 
pushed  out  upon  the  tempestuous  sea  of  political  discussion.  Per 
haps  one  or  two  journals  might  plead  a  feeble  exception  to  the 
general  rule,  but  the  mass  were  'weary,  stale,  flat,  and  unprofit 
able.'  The  Edinburgh  Review  appeared.  It  bounded  into  the 
arena  without  the  countenance  of  birth  or  station,  without  the 
imprimatur  of  the  universities  or  literary  clubs.  Its  avowed  mis 
sion  was  to  erect  a  higher  standard  of  merit  and  secure  a  bolder 
and  a  purer  taste  in  literature,  and  to  apply  philosophical  princi 
ples  and  the  maxims  of  truth  and  humanity  to  politics,  aiming  to 
be  the  manual  of  the  scholar,  the  monitor  of  the  statesman.  As  in 
its  advent  it  had  asked  permission  of  no  one  to  be,  so,  as  to  its  future 
course,  it  asked  no  advice  as  to  what  it  should  do.  Soliciting  no 
quarter,  promising  no  favours,  its  independent  bearing  and  defiant 
tone  broke  the  spell  which  held  the  mind  of  a  nation  in  fetters. 
Its  first  number  revived  the  discussion  of  great  political  principles. 
The  splendid  diction  and  searching  philosophy  of  an  essay  on  the 
causes  and  consequences  of  the  French  Revolution  [written  by 
Jeffrey]  at  once  arrested  the  public  eye,  and  stamped  the  character 
of  the  journal.  Pedants  in  the  pulpit,  and  scribblers  of  Rosa-Ma 
tilda  verses  in  printed  albums,  saw,  from  other  articles  in  the  mani 
festo,  that  exterminating  war  was  declared  on  their  inanities  and 
sentimentalities.  The  new  journal  was  perused  with  avidity,  and 
produced  a  sensation  in  all  classes  of  readers,  exciting  admiration 
and  envy,  love  and  hatred,  defiance  and  fear.  It  rapidly  attained 
a  large  circulation,  steadily  rose  to  the  highest  position  ever  at 
tained  by  any  similar  publication,  reigned  supreme  in  an  empire 
of  its  own  creation  for  a  third  of  a  century,  accomplishing  vast 
good  mingled  with  no  inconsiderable  evil." — Stantoris  Reforms  and 
Reformers  of  Great  Britain  and  Ireland. 

"The  commencement  of  the  Edinburgh  Review  was  the  dis 
covery  of  a  new  world  in  criticism,  to  which  all  authors  were  liable 
to  be  transported  as  criminals,  and  there  dealt  with  according  to 
laws  made  on  the  spot,  and  executed  by  those  who  made  them. 
The  speculation  answered  well,  the  adventurers  grew  rich  and 
renowned,  and  their  ambition  increased  with  their  wealth  and  cele 
brity."— JAMES  MONTGOMERY:  Lects.  on  General  Lit.,  Poetry,  <£c. 
But  let  us  hear  something  on  the  other  side : 
"  All  were  the  better  of  a  journal  to  which  every  one  with  an 
object  of  due  importance  had  access,  which  it  was  m  vain  either  to 
bully  or  to  despise,  and  of  the  fame  of  which  even  its  reasonable 
haters  were  inwardly  proud.  .  .  .  Certainly  it  was  not  for  want  of 
warning  that  what  were  said  to  be  its  errors  were  persevered  in. 
Its  enemies,  for  several  years,  found  great  comfort  in  its  abuse, 
which  they  vented  in  streams  of  pamphlets  that  make  curious 
reading  now.  Instead  of  practising  the  moderation  and  candour 
the  absence  of  which  from  the  review  is  their  great  complaint,  they 
almost  uniformly  exceed,  by  a  hundredfold,  most  of  the  offences 
which  they  ascribe  to  it.  But  they  are  generally  kind  enough  to 
admonish  the  wicked  editor  of  the  disgrace  into  which  he  is  falling 
in  the  sight  of  all  good  men,  and  of  the  speedy  extinction  of  his  abo 
minable  work."— LORD  COCKBURN:  Life  of  Lord  Jeffrey,  vol.  i.,  1852. 
"  It  was  not  the  principles  of  the  Edinburgh  Review,  but  the 
spirit,  that  was  looked  at  with  jealousy  and  alarm.  The  principles 
were  by  no  means  decidedly  hostile  to  existing  institutions,  but 
the  spirit  was  that  of  fair  and  free  discussion :  a  field  was  open  to 
argument  and  wit;  every  question  was  tried  upon  its  own  ostensible 
merits,  and  there  was  no  foul  play.  The  tone  was  that  of  a  studied 
impartiality,  (which  may  be  called  trimming,)  or  of  a  sceptical  in 
difference.  This  tone  of  impartiality  and  indifference,  however,  did 
not  at  all  suit  those  who  profited  or  existed  by  abuses,  who  breathed 
the  very  air  of  corruption.  They  knew  well  enough  that  '  those 
who  are  not  for  them  are  against  them.' " — HazlitVs  Spirit  of  the 
Age:  Mr.  Jeffrey. 

"  I  hope  you  read  the  Edinburgh  Review :  it  is  far  the  best  of  our 
periodical  publications.    It  is  charged  with  severity;  but  the  accu 
sation  is  most  loudly  made  by  bad  writers  and  their  stupid  admirers. 
For  my  part  I  am  not  displeased  to  see  the  laws  of  the  republic  of 
letters  enforced  with  some  rigour  against  delinquents  who  have  too 
long  enjoyed  a  scandalous  impunity." — SIR  JAMES  MACKINTOSH: 
Letter  to  M.  Gentz,  Feb.  5, 1804;  in  Mackintosh's  Life,  by  his  Son. 
In  connexion  with  Lord  Cockburn's  remarks,  doubtless 
many  amusing  instances  of  indignant  reviewed  authorship 
will  recur  to  the  memory  of  our  readers.     Lord  Byron's 
case  we  have  already  considered  at  large,  and  we  now 
notice,  in  passing,  the  philosophical  wrath  of  Wordsworth, 
who  classed  Robespierre,  Buonaparte,  and  Jeffrey  together 
|  as  the  three  most  formidable  enemies  of  the  human  race 
I  who  had  appeared  in  his  remembrance,  and  the  school 
boy  petulance  of  Southey,  who  says  that  Jeffrey's  review 
!  of  Madoc  (Edin.  Rev.,   Oct.  1805)  "is  very  unfair  and 
very  uncivil." — Letter  to  Mrs.  Southey,  Oct.  16,  1805. 


JEP 


JEF 


"To  Jeffrey  as  an  individual  I  shall  ever  be  ready  to  show  every 
kind  of  individual  courtesy ;  bnt  of  Judge  Jeffrey,  of  the  Edinburgh 
Review,  I  must  ever  think  and  speak  as  a  bad  politician,  a  worse 
moralist,  and  a  critic,  in  matters  of  taste,  equally  incompetent  and 
unjust.'1— Letter  to  Walter  Scott,  Dec.  8, 1807;  Southey's  Life  and 
Corresp. 

Is  there  any  thing  in  the  world  more  ridiculous  than 
the  wailings  of  an  author   over  the  wounds  which   the 
arrows  of  criticism  have  inflicted  upon  his  literary  off 
spring?     From  the  days  of  the  "enemy"  of  the  patient 
Job,  was  there  ever  yet  a  man  who  "  wrote  a  book,"  and  | 
saw  that  book  in  the  hands  of  the  executioner,  who  was  j 
not  laughed  at   by  the   "sympathizing   public"   for   his  I 
lamentations  or  his  revilings  ?     We  shall  do  well  to  re 
member  these  amiable  comments  of  ours  when  our  own  | 
leviathan  of  a  volume  is  passing  "under  the  saws  and 
harrows"  of  the  Philistines. 

Southey,  indeed,  had,  long  before  the  date  of  either  of 
the  remarks  just  quoted,  expressed  an  unfavourable  opinion 
of  the  Edinburgh  periodical : 

"Their  philosophy  appears  in  their  belief  in  Hindoo  chronology; 
and  when  they  abuse  Parr's  style,  it  is  rather  a  knock  at  the  dead 
lion,  old  Johnson.  A  first  number  has  great  advantages;  the  re 
viewers  say  their  say  upon  all  subjects,  and  lay  down  the  law : 
that  contains  the  Institutes ;  by-and-by  they  can  only  comment." — 
Letter  to  C.  W.  W.  Wynn,  Dec.  22,  1802. 

"  The  Edinburgh  Review  will  not  keep  its  ground.  It  consists 
of  pamphlets  instead  of  critical  accounts."— Letter  to  S.  T.  Cole 
ridge,  March  14, 1803:  Southey' s  Life  and  Corresp. 

But  the  "Edinburgh  Review"  has  "kept  its  ground;'' 
and  many  of  its  brilliant  papers  are,  and  always  will  be, 
read  twenty  times  where  Madoc,  or  any  other  work  of 
Southey's,  is  or  will  be  read  once. 

Lord  Jeffrey's  contributions  to  the  Edinburgh  Review 
extend  over  a  period  of  almost  half  a  century,— the  first, 
(the  first  article  in  the  first  No.,  to  which  he  contributed 
five  papers,)  Mounier  sur  la  Revolution  de  France, — 
bearing  date  October,  1802,  and  the  last— Watt  or  Caven 
dish  ? — given  to  the  world  January,  1848.  The  98th  No., 
pub.  June,  1829,  was  the  last  he  edited;  and  the  review 
of  the  Memoirs  of  Lady  Fanshawe,  which  appeared  in 
October,  1829,  was  the  last  article  he  furnished  as  a  regu 
lar  contributor.  His  only  papers  after  this  date  were 
Naval  Tactics,  April,  1830;  Memoirs  of  Sir  J.  Mackintosh, 
October,  1835;  Wilberforce's  Correspondence,  October, 
1840;  Watt  or  Cavendish?  January,  1848.  A  list  of  his 
articles — 200  in  all — will  be  found  in  the  Appendix  to 
Lord  Cockburn's  Life  of  the  Author.  His  biographer,  and 
other  friends,  had  often  urged  him,  but  in  vain,  to  de 
signate  his  articles;  but  at  last,  in  December,  1840,  Lord 
Cockburn  found  him  in  a  yielding  mood,  and  number 
after  number  of  the  Review  was  brought  under  examina 
tion,  until  the  whole  had  been  subjected  to  a  rigid  scru 
tiny.  The  results  we  have  already  stated.  In  1843,  he 
consented,  at  the  request  of  the  publishers  of  the  Review, 
to  make  a  selection  from  his  contributions  for  the  purpose 
of  republication,  and  in  this  year  appeared  Contributions 
to  the  Edinburgh  Review,  by  Francis  Jeffrey,  4  vols.  8vo, 
£2  8s.;  2d  edit.,  1846,  3  vols.  8vo,  £2  2s.;  3d  ed.,  1853,  1 
vol.  8vo,  pp.  1005,  £1  !«.,  with  a  general  Index. 

The  contents  of  these  edits,  are  the  same.  Of  the  199 
articles  which  had  been  contributed  to  the  Review,  (the 
200th  was  pub.  in  Jan.  1848,)  we  have  in  this  collection 
only  79,  which  are  thus  classified: — I.  General  Literature 
and  Literary  Biography,  10  articles;  II.  History  and  His 
torical  Memoirs,  10  articles;  III.  Poetry,  22  artiples; 
IV.  Philosophy  of  the  Mind,  Metaphysics,  and  Jurispru 
dence,  6  articles;  V.  Novels,  Tales,  and  Prose  Works  of 
Fiction,  8  articles;  VI.  General  Politics,  6  articles;  VII. 
Miscellanies,  17  articles.  At  the  close  of  the  collection  are 
added  Notice  of  the  Honourable  Henry  Erskine,  from  The 
Edinburgh  Courant,  Oct.  16,  1817;  Notice  and  Character 
of  Professor  Playfair,  from  an  Edinburgh  paper  of  Aug. 
1819;  Notice  and  Character  of  James  Watt,  from  the 
Scotsman,  Sept.  4,  1819.  It  is  proper  to  state  that  the 
article  entitled  BEAUTY,  contributed  by  Jeffrey  to  the 
Supplement  to  the  Encyclopaedia  Britannica  in  1824,  (but 
prepared,  Lord  Cockburn  says,  in  1816,)  is  an  enlarge 
ment  of  his  review  of  Alison's  Nature  and  Principles  of 
Taste,  pub.  in  the  Edinburgh  Review,  May,  1811.  In 
Jeffrey's  collected  Contributions  to  the  Edinburgh  Review, 
the  article  Beauty  appears  in  its  complete  form  as  pub. 
in  the  Encyclopedia  Britannica.  We  quote  two  rather 
antagonistic  opinions  upon  this  essay : 

"Of  all  the  treatises  that  have  been  published  on  the  theory  of 
taste,  it  is  the  most  complete  in  its  philosophy  and  the  most  de 
lightful  in  its  writing;  and  it  is  as  sound  as  the  subject  admits  of." 
—LORD  COCKBURN  :  Life  of  Lord  Jeffrey,  vol.  i. 

"Few  works  of  the  kind  are  more  questionable  in  the  principle, 
or  more  loose  in  the  arrangement  and  argument." — LyaU's  Ago- 
nistes;  or,  Philosophical  Strictures,  t&.,  Lon.,  1856,  18-44. 
61 


There  are  still  121  of  Jeffrey's  contributions  to  the  Edin 
burgh  Review  uncollected.  This  should  be  so  no  longer. 
Those  subjects  of  his  criticism  who  would  have  been 
aggrieved  by  the  republication  of  the  strictures  of  the  re 
viewer  have  almost  all  passed  away,  and,  if  their  reputa 
tion  is  so  frail  as  to  be  affected  by  a  little  good-humoured 
ridicule,  it  is  not  worth  preservation. 

Our  curious  friends  will  be  gratified  to  know  that  the 
authors  of  many  of  the  articles  in  the  Edinburgh  Review 
will  be  found  in  the  London  Gentleman's  Magazine  for 
1845,  Pt.  1,  497-500,  (articles  in  vols.  i.-xv.;)  ibid.,  Pt.  2, 
585-589,  (articles  in  vols.  xvi.-xxxvii.) 

A  list  of  the  authors  of  many  of  the  contributions  to  the 
Quarterly  Review  will  be  found  in  the  Gent.  Mag.  for 
1844,  Pt.  1,  137-141,  (articles  in  vols.  i.-xix.;)  ibid.,  Pt.  1, 
577-580,  (articles  in  vols.  xxi.-xxxix.;)  1845,  Pt.  1,  599- 
602,  (articles  in  vols.  xli.-lix. ;  1847,  Pt.  2,  34-37,  (arti 
cles  in  vols.  Ixi.-lxxviii.) 

An  interesting  history  of  the  Review  and  its  contri 
butors  will  be  found  in  Lord  Cockburn's  Life  of  Lord  Jef 
frey.  See  also  a  pa.per  on  the  originators  of  the  Quar 
terly,  in  Gent.  Mag.,  1844,  Pt.  1,  p.  246;  and  see  our  life 
of  WILLIAM  GIFFORD,  in  this  Dictionary. 

We  have  already  intimated  that  the  formidable  critic 
was  a  most  agreeable  companion, — that  the  lion  of  the  Re 
view  was  the  lamb  of  the  dinner-table  and  evening  circle. 
Sometimes,  however,  even  Jeffrey's  politeness  was  not 
proof  against  boredom.  There  was  "a  time  with  him 
when  patience  ceased  to  be  a  virtue."  Of  one  of  these  in 
stances  of  human  frailty  we  have  an  amusing  account  by 
Lady  Holland  : 

"The  reigning  bore  at  this  time  in  Edinburgh  was ;  his 

favourite  subject,  the  North  Pole.  It  mattered  not  how  far  south 
you  began,  you  found  yourself  transported  to  the  North  Pole  be 
fore  you  could  take  breath.  No  one  escaped  him.  My  father  de 
clared  he  should  invent  a  slip  button.  Jeffrey  fled  from  him  aa 
from  the  plague,  when  possible;  but  one  day  his  arch-tormentor  met 
him  in  a  narrow  lane,  and  began  instantly  on  the  North  Pole. 
Jeffrey,  in  despair,  and  out  of  all  patience,  darted  past  him,  ex 
claiming,  'Hang  the  North  Pole!'  My  father  met  him  shortly 
after,  boiling  with  indignation  at  Jeffrey's  contempt  of  the  North 
Pole.  'Oh,  my  dear  fellow,'  said  my  father,  'never  mind;  no  one 
minds  what  Jeffrey  says,  you  know ;  he  is  a  privileged  person;  he 
respects  nothing, — absolutely  nothing.  Why,  you  will  scarcely  be 
lieve  it,  but  it  is  not  more  than  a  week  ago  that  I  heard  him  speak 
disrespectfully  of  the  equator.'  "—Memoir  of  the  Rev.  Sydney  Smith. 

For  further  notices  of  Jeffrey,  and  Jeffrey's  "swashing 
blows,"  see,  in  addition  to  the  authorities  already  referred 
to,  Lockhart's  Life  of  Sir  Walter  Scott;  Introduc.  to  the 
Lay  of  the  Last  Minstrel ;  Sir  Archibald  Alison's  Hist,  of 
Europe,  1815-52,  chap,  v.,  and  his  Essays,  1850,  vol.  v. ; 
Hazlitt's  Spirit  of  the  Age ;  Gilfillan's  Literary  Portraits, 
Galleries  1st  and  3d;  Allan  Cunningham's  Biog.  and 
Grit.  Hist,  of  the  Lit.  of  the  Last  Fifty  Years ;  The  Perio 
dical  Press  of  Great  Britain  and  Ireland ;  Sir  T.  N.  Tal- 
fourd's  Essays;  Lyall's  Agonistes;  Tuckerman's  Mental 
Portraits ;  Whipple's  Essays  and  Reviews ;  Chambers's 
Papers  for  the  People,  vols.  i.  and  ii. ;  Cleveland's  Eng.  Lit 
of  the  19th  Cent.;  North  Brit.  Rev.,  xi.  252,  xiii.  146,  xvii. 
153 ;  Eclec.  Rev.,  4th  Ser.,  xv.  434,  xxxi.  606 ;  Westm. 
Rev.,  liii.  1 ;  Irish  Quar.  Rev.,  ii.  249 ;  National  Review, 
No.  2,  1856 ;  Blackwood's  Mag.,  ii.  70,  72,  86,  674,  iii.  75, 
iv.  751,  vii.  319,  viii.  567,  x.,  Preface,  669,  n.,  xi.  438, 
485,  608,  xii.  186,  701,  xiii.  51,  93,  95,  96,  476,  717,  xiv. 
82,  220,  501,  502,  xv.  122,  144,  558,  xvi.  165,  166,  xvii. 
461,  486,  xxi.  106,  xxii.  546,  xxiii.  482,  xxiv.  15,  16, 
692,  xxvi.  593,  xxvii.  283,  665,  xxix.  190,  664,  741,  748, 
869,  878,  891,  929,  934,  xxx.  300,  409,  412,  896,  xxxiL 
116,  854,  xxxvii.  818,  xxxviii.  297;  Lon.  Gent.  Mag., 
1850;  N.  Amer.  Rev.,  xxxv.  181;  N.  York  Eclec.  Mag., 
xx.  269 ;  Democratic  Rev.,  xxvii.  320 ;  Knickerbocker,  xxii. 
270;  Bost.  Liv.  Age,  xxiv.  599,  xxv.  172;  Phila.  Analec. 
Mag.,  xiv.  52. 

We  may  be  permitted,  in  passing,  to  observe  that,  of 
Lord  Jeffrey's  200  papers  in  the  Edinburgh  Review, 
almost  if  not  quite  every  one  is  either  quoted  from  or 
referred  to  in  this  Dictionary.  This  article  is  already 
sufficiently  long,  but  we  feel  unwilling  to  close  it  without 
at  least  a  few  quotations, — without  a  few  reviews  of  the 
great  reviewer: 

"He  was  not  so  much  distinguished  by  the  predominance  of  any 
one  great  quality  as  by  the  union  of  several  of  the  finest.  Rapidity 
of  intellect,  instead  of  misleading,  as  it  often  does,  was  combined 
in  him  with  great  soundness ;  and  a  high  condition  of  the  reasoning 
powers  with  an  active  and  delightful  fancy.  Though  not  what  is 
termed  learned,  his  knowledge  was  various;  and  on  literature, 
politics,  and  the  philosophy  of  life,  it  was  deep.  A  taste  exquisitely 
delicate  and  largely  exercised  was  one  of  the  great  sources  of  his 
enjoyment,  and  of  his  unmatched  critical  skill." — LORD  COCKBURN  : 
Life  of  Lord  Jeffrey. 

"  He  is  thoroughly  acquainted  with  the  progress  and  pretensions 
of  modern  literature  and  philosophy;  and  to  this  he  adds  the 


JEF 


JEN 


natural  actiteness  and  discrimination  of  the  logician  with  the 
habitual  caution  and  coolness  of  his  profession.  .  .  .  The  cha 
racteristics  of  Mr.  Jeffrey's  general  style  as  a  writer  correspond,  we 
think,  with  what  we  have  stated  as  the  characteristics  of  his  mind. 
He  is  a  master  of  the  foils :  he  makes  an  exulting  display  of  the 
dazzling  fence  of  wit  and  argument.  His  strength  consists  in  a 
great  range  of  knowledge,  an  equal  familiarity  with  the  principles 
and  the  details  of  a  subject,  and  in  a  glancing  brilliancy  and  rapid 
ity  of  style.  Indeed,  we  doubt  whether  the  brilliancy  of  his  man 
ner  does  not  resolve  itself  into  the  rapidity,  the  variety  and  aptness 
of  his  illustrations.  His  pen  is  never  at  a  loss,  never  stands  still ; 
and  would  dazzle  for  this  reason  alone,  like  an  eye  that  is  ever 
in  motion.  Mr.  Jeffrey  is  far  from  a  flowery  or  affected  writer :  he 
has  few  tropes  or  figures,  still  less  any  odd  startling  thoughts  or 
quaint  innovations  in  expression ;  but  he  has  a  constant  supply  of 
ingenious  solutions  and  pertinent  examples;  he  never  proses,  never 
grows  dull,  never  wears  an  argument  to  tatters;  and,  by  the  num 
ber,  the  liveliness,  and  facility  of  his  transitions,  keeps  that  ap 
pearance  of  vivacity,  of  novel  and  sparkling  effect,  for  which  others 
are  too  often  indebted  to  singularity  of  combination  or  tinsel 
ornaments." — HazUWs  Spirit  of  tlte  Age. 

No  one  denies  all  this  :  but  less  partial  critics  can  see 
defects  as  well  as  beauties ;  and  less  partial  critics  there 
fore  must  be  allowed  to  give  an  opinion  in  the  premises : 

"  What  then  is  wanting  to  enable  him  to  fill  the  judgment-seat 
of  criticism  with  honour  to  himself  and  with  profit  to  others  ?  He 
wants  imagination.  He  not  only  has  little  imagination  of  his  own, 
but  he  does  not  perceive  that  no  work  of  genius  can  exist  without 
it ;  that  it  is  the  preserving  soul  which  makes  works  immortal. 
Wherever  he  has  met  with  it,  he  looks  upon  it  with  the  eye  of  con 
tempt,  and  casts  it  from  him,  as  the  Arabs  did  the  Oriental  pearls  in 
the  wilderness.  This  is  the  chief  secret  of  the  scorn  which  he  has 
heaped  on  the  chief  poets  of  the  day :  his  reviews  of  Scott,  Words 
worth,  Southey,  Coleridge,  and  Montgomery,  all  exhibit  the  ori 
ginal  deficiency  of  the  critic :  they  are  not  judged  by  their  pens;  he 
cannot  judge  them :  they  have  risen  beyond  his  reach,  into  the 
atmosphere  of  imagination.  To  his  upturned  and  wondering  eyes, 
such  flights  are  folly,  and  he  thinks  that  genius,  like  Antaeus,  must 
die  when  it  forsakes  the  ground.  Had  Jeffrey  possessed  imagina 
tion,  he  would  never  have  penned  the  insulting  reviews  to  which 
I  allude.  His  criticisms  did  great  injury  to  the  cause  of  literature; 
his  sarcastic  strictures  tamed  down  the  elastic  and  bounding  spirit 
of  man ;  poets  wrote  with  the  fear  of  the  critic  upon  them,  and 
dreaded  the  universal  laugh  of  the  world.  Birds  seldom  sing  well 
when  the  kite  is  in  the  air,  and  bards  dreaded  the  Judge  Jeffrey 
of  our  day  as  much  as  political  offenders  dreaded  the  Judge  Jef 
freys  of  James  the  Second.  By  criticisms  such  as  this,  true  genius 
is  defrauded  of  its  fame  for  a  time,  and  elegant  and  polished  me 
diocrity  prospers  and  flourishes.  Where  are  many  of  the  writers 
he  has  praised?  gone  to  oblivion,  with  all  their  point  and  their 
glitter.  Where  are  some  of  the  writers  he  has  traduced  and  abused  ? 
sitting  on  the  highest  pinnacles  of  fame." — Allan  Cunningham's 
Biog.  and  Grit.  Hist,  of  the  Lit.  of  the  Last  Fifty  Years,  1833. 

u  Such  being  the  nature  of  true  Poets  and  true  poetry,  and  such 
the  light  in  which  they  are  regarded  by  the  race  whom  they  ele 
vate,— what,  pray,  it  may  be  asked,  did  Mr.  Jeffrey  mean  t'other 
day,  by  saying  that  all  the  Poets  of  this  Age  are  forgotten?  [See 
Edin.  Rev.,  No.  95.]  There  are  few  people  whom  we  love  and  ad 
mire  more  than  Mr.  Jeffrey, — though  we  believe  he  does  not  know 
it;  but  why  will  he,  in  his  elegant  and  graceful  way,  speak  such 
nonsense  ?  Scott,  Byron,  Southey,  Coleridge,  Wordsworth,  Moore, 
are,  he  assures  us,  already  all  forgotten— or  nearly  so.— fading 
away, — mere  specks  on  the  distant  horizon  of  men's  clouded  memo 
ries!  Why,  our  dear  sir,  you  might  just  as  well  affirm  that  the 
stars  are  forgotten,  because  thousands  of  coachfuls  of  people,  coming 
and  going  to  and  from  evening  parties,  are  not  at  the  time  aware 
that  the  heavens  are  full  of  them,  that  shepherds  are  watching  by 
them  on  the  hills,  and  sailors  sailing  by  them  on  the  seas,  and 
astronomers  counting  them  in  observatories  and  occasionally  dis 
covering  one  that  had  been  invisible  to  the  mole-eyes  of  men  since 
the  creation.  Yet  in  all  the  nonsense  Mr.  Jeffrey  ever  spoke,  or  may 
speak,  you  always  may  find  some  grains  of  sense :  for  who  doubts 
his  sagacity  and  his  genius  ?  Not  one  of  our  great  or  good  living 
Poets  is  forgotten  at  this  hour  by  Mr.  Jeffrey  himself,  nor  any  of 
those  critiques  of  his  own,  either,  in  which  he  did  noble  justice  to 
some  of  them  and  ignoble  injustice  to  others,  according  to  the 
transient  or  permanent  moods  by  which  his  taste,  feeling,  and  judg 
ment  were  swayed.  Nor  are  his  critiques  themselves  likely  to  be 
forgotten,— soon  or  ever ;  for  many  of  them  belong,  we  verily  believe, 
to  our  philosophical  literature.  But  they  hold  the  tenure  of  their 
existence  by  the  existence  of  the  poetry  which  they  sought  to  illus 
trate  or  obscure :  from  the  '  golden  urns  of  those  Poets'  did  he  '  draw 
light,' — the  light  in  which  he  is  himself  conspicuous ;  and,  were  it 
extinguished,  his  literary  life  would  be  a  blank."— PROFESSOR  WIL 
SON  :  Blackw.  Mag.,  Feb.  1830 ;  and  in  his  Essays  Critical  and  Ima 
ginative,  Edin.  and  Lon.,  1856,  i.  355,  356.  See  also  Blackw.  Mag., 
June,  1828,  or  Essays,  i.  245. 

"  Our  very  ideas  of  what  is  poetry,"  says  Sir  Walter  Scott  of 
Jeffrey,  "  differ  so  widely,  that  we  rarely  talk  upon  these  subjects. 
There  is  something  in  his  mode  of  reasoning  that  leads  me  greatly 
to  doubt  whether,  notwithstanding  the  vivacity  of  his  imagination, 
he  really  has  any  feeling  of  poetical  genius,  or  whether  he  has 
worn  it  all  off  by  perpetually  sharpening  his  wit  on  the  grindstone 
of  criticism.  ...  I  should  be  glad  for  his  own  sake  that  he  took 
some  opportunity  to  retrace  the  paths  of  his  criticism ;  but,  after 
pledging  himself  so  deeply  as  he  has  done,  I  doubt  much  his  giving 
way,  even  unto  conviction."— Sir  Walter  Scott  to  Joanna  Baillie, 
Jan.  17  and  April  4, 1812 ;  LoclcharPs  Life  of  Scott. 

"But,  with  my  friend  Jeffrey's  pardon,  I  think  he  loves  to  see 
imagination  best  when  it  ia  bitted  and  managed,  and  ridden  upon 
the  grandpas.  He  does  not  make  allowance  for  starts  and  sallies 
and  bounds,  when  Pegasus  is  beautiful  to  behold,  though  some 
times  perilous  to  his  rider." — Scott's  Diary,  Jan.  1, 1827  :  iWi  supra. 
"  The  celebrated  editor  of  this  work,  [Edinburgh  Review,]  with 
little  imagination,  little  genuine  wit,  and  no  clear  view  of  any 


great  and  central  principles  of  criticism,  has  contrived  to  dazzle,  to 
astonish,  and  occasionally  to  delight,  multitudes  of  readeis,  and,  at 
one  period,  to  hold  the  temporary  fate  of  authors  at  his  will.  Ilia 
qualifications  are  all  singularly  adapted  to  his  office.  Without 
deep  feeling,  which  few  can  understand,  he  has  a  quick  sensibility, 
with  which  all  sympathize;  without  a  command  of  images,  he  has 
a  glittering  radiance  of  words  which  the  most  superficial  may 
admire :  neither  too  hard-hearted  always  to  refuse  his  admiration, 
nor  too  kindly  to  suppress  a  sneer,  he  has  been  enabled  to  appear 
most  witty,  most  wise,  and  most  eloquent,  to  those  who  have 
chosen  him  for  their  oracle." — SIR  N.  TALFOURD  :  Crit.  and  Miscett. 
Writings.  •. 

"  Jeffrey,  who  took  the  lead  in  this  great  revolution  in  literature, 
was  a  very  remarkable  man,  but  more  so  from  the  light,  airy  turn 
of  his  mind,  and  the  felicity  of  illustration  which  he  possessed,  than 
from  either  originality  of  thought  or  nervous  force  of  expression. 
His  information  was  far  from  extensive:  he  shared  in  the  defi 
ciency  of  his  country  at  that  period  in  classical  knowledge ;  he  was 
ignorant  of  Italian  and  German  ;  and  his  acquaintance  with  French 
literature  was  chiefly  confined  to  the  gossiping  memoirs  of  the 
day,  and,  with  that  of  his  own  country,  to  the  writings  of  the  Scotch 
metaphysicians  or  the  old  English  dramatists.  But  these  subjects 
he  knew  thoroughly ;  within  these  limits  he  was  thoroughly  mas 
ter.  He  was  fitted  by  nature  to  be  a  great  critic.  A  passionate 
admirer  of  poetry,  alive  to  all  the  beauties  and  influences  of  nature, 
with  a  feeling  mind  and  a  sensitive  heart,  he  possessed  at  the  same 
time  the  calm  judgment  which  enabled  him  to  form  an  impartial 
opinion  on  the  works  submitted  to  his  examination,  and  the  correct 
taste  which,  in  general,  discovered  genius  and  detected  imperfec- 
tir>ns  in  them." — SIR  ARCHIBALD  ALISON  :  Hist,  of  Europe,  1815-52, 
chap.  v.  See  also  his  Essays,  Polit..  Hist.,  and'Misccll.,  Edin.  and 
Lon.,  1850.  vol.  iii. 

Jeffreys,  Lord,  d.  1703,  son  of  "hanging  Lord 
Jeffreys,"  is  said  to  have  pub.  two  poetical  pieces  in  the 
State  Poems,  4  vols.  8vo,  and  The  Argument  rel.  to  the 
E.  India  Co.,  &c.,  Lon.,  1689,  fol. 

Jeffreys,  George,  1678-1755.  Miscellanies  in  Prose 
and  Verse,  1754,  4to.  The  anonymous  verses  prefixed  to 
Cato  were  written  by  Jeffreys.  See  Nichols's  Select  Collec. 

Jeffreys,  H.,  Archdeacon  of  Bombay.  Charges  against 
Custom  and  Public  Opinion ;  2d  ed.,  Lon.,  1838,  12mo. 

Jeffreys,  Julius.    British  Army  in  India,  Lon.,  1858. 

Jeffries,  Daniel.  Treatise  on  Diamonds  and  Pearls, 
Lon.,  1750,  '51,  8vo.  Highly  commended. 

Jeffries,  John,  M.D.,  1744-1819,  a  native  of  Boston, 
pub.  A  Narrative  of  Two  Aerial  Voyages,  one  from  London 
to  Kent,  and  one  from  England  into  France,  Lon.,  1786, 
4to.  See  Thacher's  Amer.  Med.  Biog. 

Jegon,  Win.     Two  Serins.,  1685,  1707,  both  4to. 

Jekyd,  Nat.     Finance  of  G.  Britain,  1817. 

Jekyl,  Sir  Joseph,  d.  1738,  Master  of  the  Kolls. 
The  Judicial  Authority  of  the  Master  of  the  Rolls. 

Jekyl,  Thomas,  D.D.,  Vicar  of  Rowde,  pub.  three 
Serms.,  1680,  '81,  '97,  and  three  theolog.  treatises. 

Jekyll,  Joseph.  1.  Temple  Church,  <fec.,  Lon.,  1811, 
4to.  2.  Sancbo's  Letters,  1782,  2  vols.  8vo;  1803,  8vo. 

Jelf,  Richard  William,  D.D.,  Canon  of  Christ 
Church,  Oxford;  Principal  of  King's  College,  London; 
former  Fellow  of  Oriel  College,  Oxford.  1.  Serins.,  Doc 
trinal  and  Practical,  preached  abroad,  Lon.,  1835-,  8vo.  2. 
The  Means  of  Grace :  8  Serms.  at  the  Bampton  Lect,  for 
1844,  Oxf.,  1844,  8vo.  See  JEWEL  or  JEWELL,  JOHN,  D.D. 

Jelf,  W.  E.  1.  Greek  Gfammar,  from  the  German 
of  Ktihner,  Lon.,  1842-45,  2  vols.  8vo;  1851,  2  vols.  8vo. 
2.  XII.  Serms.,  1848,  8vo.  3.  Appen.  to  Eton  Greek 
Gram..  1849,  12mo. 

Jelinger,  Christopher.    Serms.,  &c.,  1649-76. 

Jelly,  Harry.     Serms.  at  Bath,  Lon.,  1840,  8vo. 

Jemmat,  Mrs.   Her  Memoirs,  Lon.,  1761, 2  vols.  12mo. 

Jemmat,  Wm.     Serms.,  Ac.,  Lon.,  1624,  '44,  8vo. 

Jemmett,  Wm.  T.  Acts  rel.  to  Adnrinis.  of  Law 
in  Cts.  of  Equity;  2d  ed.,  Lon.,  1836,  12mo. 

Jenings,  Abr.  Miraculum  Basilicon ;  truly  exhibit 
ing  tbe  wonderful  Preservation  of  his  sacred  Majesty  after 
the  Battle  of  Worcester,  Lon.,  1664,  8vo. 

Jenings,  Edward.     See  JENYNGES. 

Jenings,  John.    Serin.,  Lon.,  1701,  4to. 

Jenison,  Robert.     Serms.,  <fec.,  Lon.,  1621-48. 

Jenison,  Robert.     The  Popish  Plot,  Lon.,  1679,  fol. 

Jenkin,  Robert,  D.D.,  1656-1727,  a  native  of  Min 
ster,  Thanet,  Lady  Margaret's  Prof,  of  Divinity,  pub. 
several  theolog.  works,  of  which  the  best-known  is  the  one 
entitled  The  Reasonableness  and  Certainty  of  the  Chris 
tian  Religion,  1696-97,  12mo.  Of  this  work  there  were  6 
!  edits. :  the  best  is  that  of  1734,  2  vols.  8vo. 

"On  the  antiquity,  the  inspiration,  the  style,  the  canon,  the 
Various  readings,  the  chronology,  the  obscurity,  <fcc.  of  the  Scrip 
tures,  his  reasonings  and  statements  are  well  deserving  of  atten 
tion." — Orme's  Bibl.  Bib. 

Also  recommended  by  Bishops  Cleaver,  Watson,  and 
Tomline. 

Jenkin,  Thomas.     Miracles,  Cainb.,  1750,  8vo. 

Jenkin,  Wm.     See  JENKYN. 

Jenkins,  Alex.    Hist,  of  Exeter,  Exet.,  1806,  8vo. 


JEN 

Jenkins,  Capt.  C.  England's  Triumph;  or,  Spanish 
Cowardice  Expos'd,  1739,  8vo. 

Contains  the  Exploits  of  Hawking,  Drake,  Sir  Walter 
Raleigh,  Sir  Richard  Grenvil,  Capt.  Cavendish's  Voyage, 
Blake,  Wager,  <fec. 

Jenkins,  Charles,  1786-1831,  minister  of  Portland, 
Maine,  pub.  several  serins,  and  some  poems,  1830-32. 

Jenkins,  David,  1586?-1667,  one  of  the  judges  for 
South  Wales,  distinguished  for  his  loyalty  to,  and  suffer 
ings  for,  the  cause  of  Charles  I.,  pub.  in  1648,  12mo,  his 
Works,  consisting  of  his  vindication,  occasional  tracts/  <fcc., 
which,  with  some  legal  treatises,  &c.,  were  written  in 
prison.  He  is  best  known  by  his  Eight  Centuries  of  Re 
ports  Ex.  Ch.  and  in  Error,  4  Hen.  III.-21  Jac.  I,  (1228- 
1623;)  3d  ed.,  Lon.,  1771-77;  his  treatise  Lex  Terrae 
Angliae,  1647,  4vo;  and  his  Pacis  Consultum,  1657,  8vo. 
See  Athen.  Oxon. ;  Bridginan's  Leg.  Bibl.;  Marvin's  Leg. 
Bibl.,  and  authorities  there  cited;  Wallace's  Reporters; 
Disraeli's  Comment  on  the  Life  and  Reign  of  Charles  I. 

Jenkins,  Jeremiah.  Medical  work,  Lon.,  1810,  8vo. 

Jenkins,  John,  d.  1823.     Art  of  Writing,  1805. 

Jenkins,  John  S.  1.  Generals  of  the  Last  War 
with  G.  Britain,  Auburn,  N.Y.,  12mo.  2.  Life  of  James 
K.  Polk,  12mo.  3.  Lives  of  the  Governors  of  the  State  of 
New  York,  8vo.  4.  Lives  of  Patriots  and  Heroes  of  the 
American  Revolution,  18mo.  5.  Political  Hist,  of  New 
York,  8vo.  6.  New  Clerk's  Assistant ;  last  ed.,  1855,  8vo. 
7.  Life  of  Silas  Wright.  8.  Hist,  of  the  Mexican  War, 
12mo.  9.  The  Heroines  of  History,  1853,  12mo.  10.  Life 
of  Andrew  Jackson :  new  ed.,  1855,  12mo.  11.  Pacific  and 
Dead  Sea  Expeditions. 

Jenkins,  Joseph,  a  Baptist  minister,  pub.  several 
serms.  and  theolog.  treatises,  1775-1805. 

Jenkins,  Sir  Leoline,  1623-1685,  a  distinguished 
statesman  and  civilian,  Judge  of  the  Admiralty  Court,  <fcc., 
filled  several  important  stations  with  great  credit.  His 
Letters  and  Papers,  Argument  on  the  Admiralty  Juris 
diction,  <fec.,  with  his  life,  were  pub.  by  Wynne,  in  1724, 
2  vols.  fol.  This  is  a  most  valuable  work. 

"  T  wish  Mr.  Hall  to  publish  in  his  Law  Journal  [see  HALL,  JOHN 
E.,  ante]  Sir  Leoline  Jenkins's  Argument  on  the  Admiralty  Juris 
diction,  and,  indeed,  all  his  legal  opinions  and  dissertations  at  large. 
They  are  full  of  instruction,  and  particularly  useful  in  Prize  Law. 
...  I  would  give  fifty  dollars  for  a  copy  of  Sir  Leoline's  works." 
— Judge  Joseph  Story  to  Mr.  Williams.  July,  1813 ;  Story's  Life  and 
Corresp.,  i.  227,  228;  and  see  p.  268. 

See  also  Red.  Mar.  Com.,  431 ;  Wheaton's  Hist.  Laws  of 
Nations,  103;  Wynne's  Life  of  Jenkins;  Biog.  Brit. 

Jenkins,  Robert  C.     The  Liturgy,  Camb.,  12mo. 

Jenkins,  Samuel.    A  Machine;  Phil.  Trans.,  1740. 

Jenkins,  T.     Benefices,  Westm.,  1736,  8vo. 

Jenkins,  Major  T.  A.  The  Lady  and  her  Horse, 
Madras,  1858. 

Jenkins,  Thomas.     Trials,  1806,  '08,  '10. 

Jenkins,  Warren.  Ohio  Gazetteer  and  Traveller's 
Guide,  Columbus,  1837,  12mo ;  1839,  12mo. 

"  As  far  as  we  are  able  to  form  a  judgment  of  its  merits,  this 
seems  to  be  an  extremely  well  composed  and  valuable  manual." — 
Jf.  Amer.  Rev.,  Jan.  1840. 

Jenkins,  Wm.     Serm.,  Lon.,  1652,  4to. 

Jenkins,  Wm.     Farewell  Serms.,  1663,  4to. 

Jenkinson,  Anthony,  travelled  1557-61,  in  Russia, 
Bokhara,  and  Persia,  and  his  adventures  were  pub.  by 
Hakluyt  and  Purchas,  q.  v.  See  Hallam's  Lit.  Hist. 

Jenkinson,  Charles,  Earl  of  Liverpool,  1727- 
1808,  an  eminent  statesman.  1.  National  and  Constitu 
tional  Force  in  England,  1756.  2.  Life  of  Simon,  Lord 
Irnham,  Lon.,  1766,  8vo.  3.  Treaties  between  G.  Brit, 
and  other  Powers,  1648-1783,  3  vols.  8vo,  1785.  4.  Dis 
course  on  the  Conduct  of  G.  Brit,  in  respect  to  Neutral 
Nations,  1785,  3  vols.  8vo;  1801,  8vo.  This  important 
work — which  it  is  said  was  trans,  into  all  the  languages  of 
Europe — should  be  in  the  library  of  every  legal,  political, 
and  historical  student.  5.  Treat,  on  the  Coins  of  the 
Realm,  Oxf,  1805,  4to ;  Lon.,  1806,  4to.  See  Brydges's 
Collins's  Peerage. 

Jenkinson,  Daniel.     Serm.,  Lon.,  1613,  8vo. 

Jenkinson,  Rev.  J.  S.,  Vicar  of  Battersea.  Mar 
riage  with  a  Wife's  Sister  not  Forbidden,  by  the  Word  of 
God:  in  answer  to  Rev.  John  Keble,  Lon.,  1849,  8vo. 

Jenkinson,  James.     British  Plants,  1775,  8vo. 

Jenkinson,  John  Banks,  D.D.,  1781-1840  ;  Dean 
of  Worcester,  1817 ;  Bishop  of  St.  David's  and  Preb.  of 
Durham,  1825  ;  Dean  of  Durham,  1827.  Serm.,  Prov.  xxii. 
6,  Lon.,  1828,  8vo.  See  Lon.  Gent.  Mag.,  Sept.  1840,  321. 

Jenkinson,  Richard.     Serm.,  Exon.,  1715,  8vo. 

Jenks,  Benjamin,  1646-1724,  Curate  of  Harley  and 
Kenley,  Shropshire,  pub.  several  serms.  and  some  theolog. 
treatises,  of  which  the  best-known  are — 1.  Prayers  and 


JEN 

Devotions,  Lon.,  1697,  8vo ;  30  to  40  edits.  By  Rev.  Chas. 
Simeon,  1810,  8vo.  Several  times  reprinted  ;  last  ed.,  1843, 
12mo.  There  is  also  an  ed.  by  Barnes,  12rao,  and  an 
Abridgt.,  12mo. 

"  In  the  true  spirit  of  evangelical  devotion."— Bickersteth's  C.  & 

2.  Submission  to  the  Righteousness  of  God,  1700,  8vo; 
4th  ed.,  1755,  12mo.  3.  Meditations,  1701,  8vo;  2d  ed., 
1757,  2  vols.  8vo. 

"  Devotional  and  evangelical." — Bickersteth's  C.  S. 

"  Jenks's  Devotions,  Meditations,  and  Submission  to  the  Righteous 
ness  of  God,  are  the  productions  of  a  devout  and  well-informed 
mind ;  a  minister  who  had  but  little  success  in  his  lifetime,  but 
whose  labours  proved  the  seed  of  a  future  harvest." —  WiUinms's  C.P. 

Jenks,  Jacquetta  Agneta  Mariana,  of  Belgrove 
Priory,  in  Wales.  Azemia ;  a  Descriptive  and  Sentimental 
Novel:  interspersed  with  Poetry,  Lon.,  1797,  2  vols.  12mo. 

"An  entertaining  compound  of  good  taste  and  good  writing,  just 
satire  and  whimsical  fancy.  ...  We  beg  pardon  of  Miss  Jacquetta 
—what  are  the  rest  of  her  hard  names?— but  we  believe  that  no 
more  of  the  feminine  gender  belongs  to  her  than  to  her  Right  Hon. 
cousin  Lady  Harriet  Marlow.  .  .  .  See  Review,  N.S.,  vol.  xx.  p.  477." 
—Lon.  Month.  Rev.,  24th  Sept.  to  Dec.  1797,  p.  338,  q.  v. 

Jenks,  James.     Cookery,  Lon.,  1768,  12mo. 

Jenks,  Joseph  William,  late  Prof,  of  Languages  in 
the  Urbanna  University,  Ohio.  The  Rural  Poetry  of  the 
English  Language,  Cleveland,  Boston,  and  N.  York,  1856, 
r.  8vo.  This  is  a  valuable  book,  and  worthy  of  a  wide 
circulation.  See  Putnam's  Mag.,  Dec.  1856. 

Jenks,  R.  W.  The  Brachial  Telegraph,  N.  York, 
1852,  8vo. 

Jenks,  Richard.     Serm.,  Lon.,  1707,  8ro. 

Jenks,  S.  Two  Serms.  in  Catholick  Serms.,  (Lon., 
1741,  2  vols.  8vo,)  vol.  ii.  315,  345. 

Jenks,  William,  D.D.,  Pastor  of  Green  St.  Church, 
Boston.  1.  The  Comprehensive  Commentary  of  the  Holy 
Bible,  Brattleboro',  1834,  5  vols.  r.  8vo ;  Supp.,  1  vol.  r. 
8vo.  Now  pub.  by  Messrs.  J.  B.  Lippincott  &  Co.,  Phila 
delphia.  We  have  already  noticed  this  excellent  work  in 
our  article  on  RICHARD  ARNALD,  p.  69.  Several  years 
have  elapsed  since  we  penned  that  commendation,  but  the 
Comprehensive  Commentary  still  stands  without  a  rival 
for  the  purpose  for  which  it  is  intended.  Since  writing  the 
above,  we  were  pleased  to  find  the  following  weighty  en 
dorsement  of  our  eulogy : 

"  This  compilation  exhibits  a  combination  of  all  that  is  valuable 
in  the  deservedly-esteemed  commentaries  of  Henry  and  Scott  on 
the  entire  Bible,  and  of  Doddridge  on  the  New  Testament.  The 
notes  are  compiled  from  the  various  critics  enumerated  on  the  title- 
page;  and,  in  general,  the  selection  is  made  with  judgment." — 
Home's  Bibl.  Bib. 

We  must  object,  however,  to  the  phrase  "all  that  is  va 
luable,"  Ac.  What  is  there  in  Henry,  Scott,  or  Doddridge, 
entirely  without  value  ?  Among  Dr.  J.'s  other  publications  is, 
2.  Explan.  Bible  Atlas  and  Scripture  Gazetteer,  1849,  4to. 

Jenkyn,  Thomas  W.,  formerly  President  of  Coward 
College,  London,  1.  The  Extent  of  the  Atonement;  3d 
ed.,  Lon.,  1842,  p.  8vo.  New  ed.,  revised  and  enlarged  by 
the  author  exclusively  for  the  American  publishers,  Gould 
<fc  Lincoln,  Bost.,  1859. 

"  Posterity  will  thank  the  author  till  the  latest  ages  for  his  illus 
trious  arguments." — N.  York  Evangelist. 

2.  The  Union  of  the  Holy  Spirit  and  the  Church  in  the 
Conversion  of  the  World;  2tl  ed.,  1842,  fp.  Svo. 

"  A  very  excellent  work  upon  a  very  important  subject." — Lon. 
Evangel.  Mag. 

Jenkyn,  William,  1612-1662,  Lecturer  of  St.  Ann's, 
Blackfriars,  <fcc.,  committed  to  Newgate  under  the  Conven 
ticle  Act,  and  died  there,  pub.  several  serms.  and  theolog. 
treatises,  and  the  following  excellent  work,  still  in  request: 
Expos,  of  the  Epistle  of  St.  Jude,  Lon.,  1652-54,  2  Pts.  4 to. 
New  ed.,  by  Rev.  James  Sherman,  with  Memoir  of  the 
Author,  1839,  imp.  Svo.  Also  in  same  vol.  with  Manton's 
Expos,  of  the  Epist.  of  St.  James,  1840,  imp.  Svo.  New 
ed.  of  Jenkyn's  Expos.,  1849,  r.  Svo. 

"  A  sententious  and  elegant  preacher." — RICHARD  BAXTER. 

"  This  exposition  is  the  most  considerable  of  his  works,  and  ex 
hibits  his  piety,  diligence,  and  learning." — JAMES  SHERMAN. 

"Though  published  nearly  at  the  same  time,  and  with  similar 
•views,  he  and  Dr.  Manton  are  both  useful."— Bickersteth's  C.  S. 

See  Calamy;  Granger's  Biog.  Hist,  of  Eng. 

Jennens,  Charles,  d.  1773,  called  "  Solyman  the 
Magnificent,"  from  the  splendour  in  which  he  lived,  at 
tempted  an  edition  of  Shakspeare,  which  elicited  more  ri 
dicule  than  compliments.  Hamlet  was  pub.  in  1772; 
Othello  in  1773  ;  and  Julius  Caesar  in  1774. 

Jenner,  Charles,  D.D.,  Preb.  of  Lincoln.  Qualifi 
cations  for  the  Ministry,  Lon.,  1753,  4to. 

Jenner,  Charles,  1737-1774,  Vicar  of  Claybrook, 
pub.  several  novels,  poems,  Ac.,  1766-74,  Ac.  See  Nichols's 
Leicestershire  ;  Bibl.  Top.  Brit,  No/51. 

Jenner,  David,  Prob.  of  Sarum,  1676,  pub.  two  Serins., 


JEN 


JEN 


Ac.,  1676-83,  and  a  work  on  the  Prerogative  of  Primogeni 
ture  to  the  Succession  to  the  English  Crown,  1685,  8vo. 

Jenner,  Edward,  M.D.,  1749-1823,  the  discoverer 
of  vaccination,  was  a  native  of  Berkeley,  Gloucestershire; 
resided  as  a  pupil  with  John  Hunter  in  London,  from  1770 
to  1772,  and  afterwards  practised  at  his  native  place  with 
great  success.  His  celebrated  discovery  was  publicly  an 
nounced  in  June,  1798,  but  he  had  been  engaged  upon  a 
series  of  preparatory  experiments  upon  the  subject  since 
1780.  He  pub.  several  treatises  on  the  Variolas  Vaccinse, 
1798-1801,  and  contributed  to  Phil.  Trans.  Med.  and  Chir., 
&c.,  1788-1809.  See  Dr.  John  Baron's  Life  and  Corresp. 
of  Dr.  Jenner,  Lon.,  1827,  '38,  2  vols.  8vo;  Lives  of  Brit. 
Physicians.  1830,  12mo;  new  ed.,  1857,  18mo. 

"A  h-ghly-interesting  work." — Edward  Everett's  Orations,  d-c. 

"  We  wish,  for  the  sake  of  the  public,  there  were  more  such  bio 
graphies." — Lon.  Times. 

Jenner,  Rev.  G.  C.  Report  and  Evidence  before  the 
Com.  of  H.  of  C.  rel.  to  Jenner's  Discovery,  Lon.,  1805,  Svo. 

Jenner,  Henry.    Vaccine  Inoculation,  1800,  4to. 

Jenner,  S.     Discourse,  Lon.,  1682,  4to. 

Jenner,  Thomas.     England's  Fishery,  1651,  4to. 

Jenner,  Thomas.     Theolog.  treatises,  1650,  '70. 

Jenner,  Thomas,  D.D.,  President  of  Magdalene 
College.  On  Charity,  <fcc.,  Oxon.,  1752,  Svo. 

Jenner,  W.,  M.D.  On  Typhoid  and  Typhus  Fevers, 
Lon.,  1850,  Svo ;  Phila.,  1857,  Svo.  Other  profess,  treatises. 

Jenney,  George.     Catholick  Conference,  1626. 

Jennings  and  Heckford.  Costs  on  Taxation;  3d 
ed.,  with  Append., -Lon.,  1840,  12mo. 

Jennings,  David,  D.D.,  1691-1762,  an  eminent  Dis 
senter,  a  native  of  Kibworth,  Leicestershire,  divinity  tutor 
at  Coward's  Academy,  1744;  pastor  of  a  congregation  in 
Old  Gravel  Lane^apping,  1744-62.  His  principal  works 
are — 1.  Serms.  to  Young  Persons,  1743,  12mo.  Many  eds. 

"Methodical,  plain,  and  serious;  some  pretty  striking  turns  of 
thought ;  his  strain  very  evangelical :  he  is,  upon  the  whole,  the 
Flavel  of  the  present  age,  only  much  more  polite." — DR.  DODDRIDGE. 

2.  Introduc.  to  the  Use  of  the  Globes  and  the  Orrery, 
1747 ;  1752,  Svo.  Many  eds.  This  work  maintained  its  po 
pularity  for  more  than  fifty  years.  3.  The  Scripture  Testi 
mony,  1755,  12mo.  New  ed.,  by  B.  Cracknell,  1815,  12ino. 
4.  Introduc.  to  the  Knowledge  of  Medals,  1763,  Svo;  posth. 
Again,  1775,  Svo.  Full  of  blunders.  5.  Jewish  Antiqui 
ties  ;  or,  a  Course  of  Lects.  on  the  three  first  Books  of 
Godwin's  Moses  and  Aaron,  17C6,  2  vols.  Svo;  posth.,  pub. 
by  Dr.  Furneaux,  1808,  Svo.  Often  reprinted  in  1  vol.  Svo, 
and  in  2  vols.  Svo;  9th  ed.,  1837,  Svo.  Again,  1839,  8vo. 

"Dr.  Jennings  is  a  very  judicious  commentator.  .  .  .  They  are 
much  fuller,  of  course,  than  Godwyn,  and  occasionally  differ  a  little 
from  him.  Some  of  the  notes  of  Hottinger  and  Witsius  are  given 
by  the  editor." — Orme's  Bill.  Bib. 

"  This  work  has  long  held  a  distinguished  character  for  its  accu 
racy  and  learning."— Home's  Bill.  Bib. 

"  The  Treatises  of  Mr.  Lowman  on  the  Ritual,  (Svo,  1748,)  and  on 
the  Civil  Government  of  the  Hebrews,  (Svo,  1740,)  may  properly  ac 
company  this  work." — BISHOP  WATSON. 

"  These  Lectures  are  drawn  up  with  great  accuracy  and  judgment. 
They  illustrate  many  passages  of  Holy  Scripture."—  Williams'*  C.  P. 

"  A  valuable  treatise  on  the  subject." — BickersteWs  C.  S. 

See  Rees's  Cyc.;  Orton's  Life  of  Doddridge,  pp.  16,  243  ; 
Kippis's  do.,  p.  16;  Prot.  Dis.  Mag.,  vol.  v. ;  GODWIN,  THO 
MAS,  in  this  Dictionary. 

Jennings,  Henry  Constantine,  1731-1819,  a  noted 
collector  of  curiosities,  pub.  several  works  on  theology, 
education,  <fcc.,  1798,  <fcc.,  and  a  trans,  into  English  blank 
verse  of  the  5th  Canto  of  Dante's  Inferno. 

Jennings,  J.     Elise;  a  Romance,  Lon.,  1665. 

Jennings,  James.     Poems,  1794-1814. 

Jennings,  James.  Dialects  in  the  West  of  England, 
particularly  Somersetshire,  Lon.,  1825, 12mo.  Other  works. 

Jennings,  John.     Serms.,  1701-21. 
Jennings,  John.     Odes,  1754,  '61,  '67. 
Jennings,  John,  teacher  of  an  academy  at  Kibworth, 
brother  to  David  Jennings,  (ante,)  and  tutor  to  Dr.  Dod 
dridge.     Two  Discourses  on  Preaching,  LOB.,  1754,  12rno. 
These  (abridged)  form  one  of  the  treatises  in  Williams's 
Christian  Preacher. 

"Jtnnings's  Discourses  deserve  the  serious  attention  of  every 
minister."— DR.  OUTON:  Life  of  Dr.  Doddridge 

Jennings,  Nathaniel.     Serm.,  Lon.,  1782,  Svo. 
Jennings,  Richard.     1.  Natural  Elements  of  Politi 
cal  Economy,  Lon.,  1855,  p.  Svo.     2.  Social  Delusions  con 
cerning  Wealth  and  Want,  1856.     This  may  be  considered 
a  sequel  to  No.  1. 

"  The  writer  has  evidently  thought  out  his  opinions,— his  plot  of  a 
possible  Utopia."— Lon.  Athenaeum,  1856,  898. 

Also  commended  by  the  Weekly  Dispatch,  John  Bull, 
Builder,  and  Bath  Express. 

"  It  is  written  in  a  foolish  and  arrogant  strain  of  abuse  against 
scientific  writers  and  existing  statesmen.  .  .  .  The  eminent  writers 


whom  he  attacks  may  feel  easy  under  his  abuse."—  Westminster 
Rev.,  July,  1856. 
Jennings,    Sarah,  Duchess  of  Marlborough. 

See  MARLBOROUGH. 

Jennings,  \Vm.  System  of  Attack  and  Defence,  <fcc., 
Lon.,  1804. 

Jenuyngs,  Radulphus.  Lectiones  Variantes  ad  X. 
Scriptores  Anglice,  Lon.,  1652,  fol. 

Jennyns,  Joseph  C.  Conduct  of  the  Dutch  Com 
missioners,  1810. 

Jenour,  Alfred,  Rector  of  Kittisford,  Somerset.  1. 
Trans,  of  Isaiah,  with  Grit,  and  Explan.  Notes  and  Prac. 
Remarks,  Lon.,  1S30,  2  vols.  Svo;  1831,  2  vols.  Svo;  1839, 
2  vols.  Svo. 

f  This  is  confessedly  the  best  translation  of  Isaiah  extant  in  the 
English  language."— Home's  Bibl.  Bib.,  q.  v. 

"  What  constitutes  the  most  valuable  part  of  the  work  are  the 
explanatory  and  practical  remarks  with  which  each  section  is  ac 
companied." — Lon.  Congreg.  Mag.,  June,  1831. 

"  Excellently  translated,  and  accompanied  with  a  judicious  and 
instructive  commentary." — Eclec.  Rev.,  Nov.  1831. 

Jenour  is  an  advocate  for  the  double  sense  of  prophecy. 

2.  Treat,  on  Languages,  1832,  12mo.  3.  Brief  Memoir 
of  Annie  Jenour,  1840,  12mo.  4.  Trans,  of  Job,  with 
Notes,  1841,  Svo.  5.  Hints  on  Preaching :  being  a  trans, 
of  Fene'lon's  Dialogues  on  Eloquence,  with  an  Essay;  2d 
ed.,  1849,  12uio. 

"  This  is  the  remark  of  the  pious  Fenelon,  Archbishop  of  Cam- 
bray,  in  his  incomparable  Dialogues  on  Eloquence,  which  may  God 
put  it  into  the  hearts  of  our  preachers  often  and  attentively  to  read." 
—Doddridge's  Expositor,  \  173. 

6.  Rationale  Apocalypticum  ;  or,  A  Systematic  Expos, 
of  the  Apocalypse,  with  Histor.  Proofs  and  Illust,  and  three 
Appendices,  1S52,  2  vols.  Svo. 

"  Mr.  Jenour's  work  is  distinguished  by  great  sobriety  and  good 
sense,  and  its  only  serious  iault  is  its  diffusiveness.  And  yet  there 
is  that  in  this  writer's  remarks  on  his  text  which  clearly  indicates 
a  familiar  acquaintance  with  the  whole  volume  of  Scripture,  and  3 
mind  prepared  to  turn  every  portion  of  the  inspired  book  on  which 
he  comments  to  pious  and  profitable  uses."— ion.  Clerical  Journal, 
Aug.  22. 

Jenour,  Capt.  Matthew,  R.N.  The  Route  to  India, 
through  France,  Germany,  Hungary,  <fcc.,  Lon.,  1791,  4to. 

Jenty,  Charles  N.,  M.D.  Medical  works,  Lon., 
1757-67. 

Jenynges,  Edward.  1.  Trans,  into  English  Meeter 
of  The  notable  Hystory  of  two  faithfull  LoUers  named  Al- 
phagus  and  Archelaus,  Lon.,  1574,  4to.  2.  A  Brief  Dis- 
couery  of  the  Damages  that  happen  to  this  Realme  by 
disordered  and  unlawfull  diet,  1593,  4to. 

Jeuyns,  Rev.  Leonard.  1.  Manual  of  British  Ver 
tebrate  Animals,  Lon.,  Svo. 

"  This  work  contains  accurate  descriptions  and  measurements  of 
all  the  Animals  belonging  to  the  classes  Mammalia,  Aves,  Ri'pttlia, 
Amphilria,  and  Pisces,  which  are  to  be  met  with  in  the  Eritish 
Islands." 

2.  Observations  on  Natural  History,  with  a  Calendar  of 
Periodic  Phenomena. 

"The  author's  remarks  on  the  'habit  of  observing'  may  be  stu 
died  with  profit  by  every  young  naturalist,  as  may  also  the  style  in 
which  the  observations  are  recorded.  At  the  same  time  scientific 
and  popular,  the  work  cannot  fail  to  please  even  the  most  careless 
general  reader.  Every  page  teems  with  interesting  notes  on  the 
habits  and  manners  of  quadrupeds,  birds,  fishes,  insects,  &c. :  many 
we  would  gladly  quote,  but  must  content  ourselves  with  advising 
our  readers  to  purchase  the  book  itself,  promising  them  a  rich  treat 
from  the  perusal." —  Westminster  Review,  October,  1846. 

See  Lon.  Gent.  Mag.,  1847,  367-369. 

Jenyns,  Soame,  M.P.,  1703-04-1787,  the  son  of  Sir 
Roger  Jenyns,  and  educated  at  St.  John's  College,  Cam 
bridge,  was  noted  as  a  politician,  an  essayist,  an  infidel, 
and  subsequently  as  a  champion  of  Christianity.  He  was 
for  nearly  forty  years  Member  of  Parliament,  for  twenty-fiv  e 
years  a  Commissioner  of  the  Board  of  Trade,  and  for  a  longer 
term  than  either  of  these  a  noted  wit  and  conversationist. 
The  following  is  a  list  of  his  works  :  1.  Art  of  Dancing,  a 
Poem,  1730.  Anon.  2.  Epistle  to  Lord  Lovelace,  1735. 
3.  Poems,  1752  ;  and  with  the  Origin  of  Evil,  1761,  2  vola. 
12mo.  See  No.  4.  These  poems  originally  appeared  in 
Dodsley's  Collection.  They  were  added  to  the  2d  and  3d 
edits,  of  Dr.  Johnson's  English  Poets.  4.  Free  Inquiry 
into  the  Nature  and  Origin  of  Evil,  1757.  With  his  Poems, 
1761,  2  vols.  12mo.  Ridiculed  by  Dr.  Johnson  in  the 
Literary  Gazette,: 

"Johnson's  most  exquisite  critical  essay  in  the  Literary  Maga 
zine,  and  indeed  anywhere,  is  his  review  of  Soame  Jenyns's  Inquiry 
into  the  Origin  of  Evil."— Boswell's  Life  of  Johnson,  q.  v. 

And  see  The  Idler,  No.  89,  Dec.  29,  1759.  The  Review 
was  so  much  liked  that  Johnson  republished  it  in  a  pamph 
let.  It  has  been  styled  on  high  authority  the  best  of  his 
writings:  but  who  shall  decide  questions  of  this  nature? 
A  review  of  the  Origin  of  Evil,  and  other  works  of  its 
author,  will  be  found  in  Green's  Diary  of  a  Lover  of  Lite 
rature.  Of  the  first-named,  Green  remarks  : 


JEN 


JER 


"  Extremely  ingenious  and  wretchedly  unsatisfactory.  .  .  .  With 
all  its  paradoxical  ingenuity,  there  appear  to  me  only  two  truly 
original  thoughts  in  this  work." — Ipswich,  1810,  p.  32. 

5.  Thoughts,  Ac.  on  the  Present  High  Price  of  Provi 
sions,  1767. 

"  A  very  flimsy  publication."— 3IcCuttoch"s  Lit.  of  PoUt.  Econ., 
1845,  193,  q.  v. 

6.  Miscellanies,   1770,  8vo.     7.  View    of  the   Internal 
Evidence  of  the  Christian  Religion,  1776,  12mo;  10th  ed., 
1798,  Svo,  and  since.     The  last  ed.  is  included  i-n  the  vol. 
entitled  Christian    Evidences,  pub.   by  H.  G.  Bohn,   and 
edited  by  Rev.  J.  S.  Memes,  LL.D.,  1849,  r.  Svo.      (This 
valuable  book  should  be  in  every  library.)     The  examina 
tion  of  the  Holy  Scriptures  dissipated  Jenyns's  infidelity, 
and  his  anxiety  to  save  others  from  skepticism  produced 
this  and  other  theological  essays.     Jenyns's  View  excited 
much  controversy,  and  was    attacked  by  several  of  the 
clergy,  who  disapproved  of  some  of  its  sentiments.     Even 
the  sincerity  of  the  author  was  called  in  question,  and  he 
was  charged  with  intending  to  injure  Christianity,  which 
he  pretended  to  defend.     But  we  have  good  evidence  of 
Jenyns's  honesty,  and  also  of  his  piety.     We  quote  some 
commendations  of  his  View: 

"A  work  of  very  considerable  shrewdness  and  ingenuity,  in 
which  many  striking  views  of  Christianity  are  adduced  in  support 
of  its  heavenly  origin."—  Orme's  Bill.  Bib. 

"I  confess  myself  to  have  been  powerfully  impressed  by  Mr. 
Jenyns's  leading  arguments  in  defence  of  Christianity."— Green's 
Diary,  ubi  supra. 

"  The  work,  brief  and  unpresuming  enough,  nevertheless  did  re 
ligion  more  good  service  than  many  of  much  higher  pretensions. 
The  argument  was  of  a  popular  kind:  it  derived  force,  too,  as 
coming  from  one  who  was  a  layman  and  a  wit." — Lon.  Quar.  Rev. 
"  The  force  of  the  argument  addressed  to  the  feelings  of  ingenious 
thinkers,  and  adapted  to  the  reach  of  every  understanding,  is 
greater  than  mere  scholars  are  willing  to  allow,  and  was  never  re 
presented  to  so  much  advantage  as  in  the  beautiful  little  Treatise 
entitled  A  View  of  the  Internal  Evidence  of  Christianity." — MR. 
MAINWARING,  of  Cambridge :  Dissertation. 

We  next  quote  some  opinions  more  qualified  in  their 
tone  : 

"  The  book  is  very  ingenious :  perhaps  he  brings  rather  too  much 
ingenuity  into  his  religion.  I  know,  however,  an  instance  in  which 
this  little  work  has  converted  a  philosophical  infidel,  who  had'pre- 
viously  read  all  that  had  been  written  on  the  subject  without 
effect." — HANNAH  MORE. 

What  deplorable  carelessness  of  expression  is  here!  So 
far  from  this  "philosophical"  gentleman's  having  read  "all 
that  had  been  written  on  the  subject,"  we  will  venture  to 
say  that  he  had  never  either  read  or  heard  of.  the  one-tenth 
part  that  had  been  written  on  the  subject.  Nothing  is 
more  common  than  the  observation,  "  This  is  the  only  book 
on  the  subject,"  or,  "  This  is  the  best  book  on  the  subject." 
The  first  assertion  may  be  said  to  be  never  true;  and  if  the 
last  is  ever  correct,  say  one  in  ten  thousand  instances, 
how  is  it  to  be  proved  ?  Let  us  avoid  such  childish  extra 
vagance  of  assertion.  A  man  of  true  learning  is  rarely 
guilty  of  so  great  a  fault. 

"  Dr.  Mayo  having  asked  Johnson's  opinion  of  Soame  Jenyns's 
View  of  the  Internal  Evidence  of  the  Christian  Religion, — JOHNSON  : 
4 1  think  it  a  pretty  book ;  not  very  theological,  indeed ;  and  there 
Beems  to  be  an  affectation  of  ease  and  carelessness,  as  if  it  were  not 
suitable  to  his  character  to  be  very  serious  about  the  matter.' " — 
BoswdL's  Life  nf  Johnson. 

"  As  a  whole,  it  is  admitted  to  be  the  best  treatise,  in  its  particular 
range,  yet  given  to  the  world,  but  in  some  respects,  differing  accord 
ing  to  the  source  whence  the  censure  comes,  the  disapproval  of 
its  individiial  doctrines  and  reasonings  is  almost  as  universal." — 
DR.  MEMES:  Christian  Evidences. 

A  list  of  the  principal  pamphlets  elicited  by  Jenyns's 
View  will  be  found  in  Chalmers's  Biog.  Diet.,  xviii.  520,  n. 
8.  Disquisitions  on  Several  Subjects,  1782, 8  vo.  See  a  review 
of  this  vol.  in  .Green's  Diary  of  a  Lover  of  Lit.,  Ipswich, 
1810,  226-227,  and  another  in  the  London  Retrospective 
Rev.,  Lon.,  1820,  ii.  291-304. 

"  We  venture  to  assert  that  there  are  few  books-  in  the  language 
of  the  same  size  [pp.  182]  as  the  little  volume  before  us  containing 
more  acute  and  ingenious  reasoning,  abounding  in  more  lively  illus 
tration  or  more  elegant  and  polished  composition." — Retrosp.  Rev., 
ubi  supra. 

9.  The  Works  of  Soame  Jenyns,  1790,  4  vols.  8vo;  1793, 
4  vols.  Svo.  Includes  Pieces  never  before  published,  and 
biography  of  the  author  by  Charles  Nelson  Cole.  See 
Green's  Diary  of  a  Lover  of  Lit.,  Ipswich,  1810,  222-226; 
Orme's  Bibl.  Bib.  10.  Tracts  on  the  Holy  Trinity,  the 
Creeds,  Ac.  &c.,  1814,  Svo.  _Jenyns  also  wrote  some  poli 
tical  essays.  He  perpetrated  a  satirical  epitaph  upon  Dr. 
Johnson — shortly  after  the  death  of  the  latter — in  which 
Boswell  was  remembered : 

"Boswell  and  Thrale,  retailers  of  his  wit, 

Will  tell  you  how  he  wrote,  and  talk'd,  and  cough'd,  and  spit." 

For  this  offence  Boswell  took  terrible  vengeance  in  an 

Epitaph  on  Jenyns.    See  Croker's  Boswell's  Johnson,  Lon., 

1848,  p.  106.     See  also  pp.  68,  392,  509,  590,  593;  Life  by 

Cole,  prefixed  to  Jenyns's  Works. 


"  His  Poetry  does  not  rise  above  mediocrity :  indeed,  it  scarcely 
deserves  the  name :  but  the  style  of  his  prose  is  smooth  and  lucid, 
lis  turns  of  thought  are  neat  and  unexpected ;  and  when  he  sports 
n  irony,  in  which  he  apparently  delights  to  indulge,  he  is  uncom- 
nonly  playful  and  airy.  .  .  .  Jenyns  has  evidently  a  predilection 
or  paradoxical  opinions:  and  why, he  might  reasonably  urge  in  hia 
defence,  should  a  man  address  the  Public,  who  has  nothing  new  to 
fler  to  it?"— Green's  Diary  of  a  Lover  of  Lit.,  Ipswich,  1810,  225. 

As  a  political  writer,  Jenyns  was  the  champion  of  prin- 
iples  which  are  now  very  generally  disowned  by  English 
men.  He  defended  both  the  right  and  the  expediency  of 
.axing  the  American  Colonies,  (see  his  tract  on  American 
Taxation,)  and  in  his  reflections  on  Parliamentary  Reform 
)e  ridicules  the  idea  of  an  independent  Parliament.  Pro- 
^essor  Smyth,  in  speaking  of  the  unavoidable  influence  of 
)arty  predilections  and  the  necessity  of  party  co-operation, 
remarks : 

"  Read  the  works  of  Soame  Jenyns  and  of  Locke.  Would  not 
>oth  of  these  men,  for  instance,  while  they  retained  their  integrity, 
mve  been  seen  always  on  the  opposite  sides  of  any  question  that 
could  affect  the  constitution  and  government  of  a  free  country  ?" — 
Lects.  on  Mod.  Hist.,  Lect.  24. 

Cumberland,  in  his  Memoirs,  gives  us  a  graphic  picture 
of  Soame  Jenyns,  which  is  declared  by  Lord  Jeffrey  to  be 
sxcellent,  and  a  portion  of  which  we  had  intended  to  quote; 
aut,  as  our  article  has  now  grown  to  a  length  which  forbids 
this,  we  must  refer  the  reader  to  the  Memoirs,  or  to  Lord 
Jeffrey's  review  of  that  work  in  Edin.  Rev.  for  April,  1806, 
and  in  his  Contrib.  to  the  Edin.  Rev.,  Lon.,  1853,  911-917. 

Jephson,  Alexander.     Serms.,  1669,  1705,  '15. 

Jephson,  Alexander.     Serms.,  &c.,  1731-65. 

Jephson,  John.  Serms.,  edited  by  Bishop  William 
Bisset,  Lon.,  1826,  8vo. 

"  They  will  be  found  to  possess  no  ordinary  merit,  as  apt  illustra 
tions  of  received  doctrines,  and  as  animated  exhortations  to  the 
discharge  of  practical  duties." — BISHOP  BISSET. 

Jephson,  Robert,  1736-1803,  a  native  of  Ireland,  a 
Captain  in  the  army,  and  a  member  of  the  Irish  House  of 
Commons,  pub.  a  number  of  dramatic  pieces,  of  which  the 
tragedies  of  Braganza,  1775,  8vo,  and  the  Count  of  Nar- 
bonne,  1781,  Svo,  were  the  most  popular.  He  also  pub.  a 
collection  of  poems  called  Roman  Portraits,  1797,  4to. 
The  illustrative  notes  in  this  vol.  are  from  the  pen  of  Mr. 
Malone.  See  Malone's  Life  of  W.  Gerard  Hamilton; 
Biog.  Dramat. ;  Horace Walpole's  Works;  Davies's  Life  of 
Garrick. 

Jerdan,  William,  b.  1782,  for  thirty-four  years  (1 817- 
50)  editor  of  the  London  Literary  Gazette,  is  a  native  of 
Kelso,  Roxburghshire,  Scotland.  Mr.  Jerdan  wrote  the 
Biographical  Memoirs  for  Fisher's  National  Portrait-Gal 
lery  of  Illustrious  and  eminent  Persons,  has  pub.  some 
translations  from  the  French,  Ac.,  and  been  connected 
with  several  journals.  An  account  of  his  literary  labours 
will  be  found  in  his  Autobiography,  Lon.,  1852-53,  4  vols. 
p.  Svo.  See  also  Men  of  the  Time,  Lon.,  1856;  Noctes 
Ambrosianae,  May,  1828;  Eraser's  Mag.,  i.  605,  with  a 
portrait.  This  portrait  was  the  first  of  the  Gallery  of 
Illustrious  Literary  Characters,  all  drawn  by  Daniel 
Maclise,  now  R.A. :  see  Maginn's  Fraserian  Papers,  by 
Dr.  R.  S.  Mackenzie,  New  York,  1857,  Ixvi.  The  letter 
press  which  accompanied  each  plate  was  nearly  all  written 
by  Maginn. 

Jeremie,  James  Ameriaux,  D.D.,  Sub-dean  and 
Canon  of  Lincoln,  Regius  Prof,  of  Divinity  at  Cambridge, 
and  Rector  of  Somersham,  Huntingdonshire.  1.  Serm., 
Ps.  cxxii.  6,  9.  2.  Hist,  of  the  Christian  Church  in  the 
2d  and  3d  Centuries,  1852,  sm.  Svo.  Originally  pub.  in 
the  Encyc.  Metropol.  3.  Christianity  in  the  Middle  Ages, 
1857,  cr.  Svo.  4.  Serms.,  Doctrinal  and  Practical,  of  Rev. 
William  Archer  Butler,  late  Prof,  of  Moral  Philos.,  Univ. 
of  Dublin.  Second  Series,  Camb.,  1855,  8vo. 

"They  are  marked  by  the  same  originality  and  vigour  of  ex 
pression,  the  same  richness  of  imagery  and  illustration,  the  same 
large  views  and  catholic  spirit,  and  the  same  depth  and  fervour  of 
devotional  feeling,  which  so  remarkably  distinguished  the  pre 
ceding  Series,  and  which  rendered  it  a  most  valuable  accession  to 
our  theological  literature." — Front  Dr.  Jeremte's  Preface. 

"We  would  recommend  them  to  our  readers,  not  only  for  their 
force  and  subtlety  of  thought,  brilliancy  of  fancy,  and  exuberant 
eloquence  of  words,  but  for  that  spirit  of  love— that  profound  and 
glowing  devotion — by  which  they  are  animated,  and  with  which 
no  one  can  come  into  sympathizing  contact  without  feeling  him 
self  elevated  and  refined." — North  British  Review. 
See  BUTLER,  WILLIAM  ARCHER. 

Jeremy,  George.  Treat,  on  the  Equity  Jurisdic. 
of  the  High  Ct.  of  Chancery,  Lon.,  1828,  Svo;  2d  Amer. 
ed.,  1840,  Svo.  See  1  Story  Eq.  Jur.,  49,  94;  6th  ed.,  1853; 
15  Amer.  Jur.,  368. 

Jeremy,  Henry.  1.  The  Connection  between  Reli 
gion  and  Learning;  a  Norrissian  Prize  Essay,  1810,  Svo. 
2.  Laws  of  Carriers,  &c.,  1815,  '18,  Svo;  N.  York,  1816, 
Svo.  3.  Analyt.  Digest  of  Reports  C.  Law,  Equity,  Ac., 

965 


JER 


JES 


1817,  r.  Svo.  Do.,  1817-23,  8Vo ;  1825.  Do.,  1824-49,  r.  Svo. 
Pub.  annually.  Do.,  1850-55,  by  W.  Tickl  Pratt,  in  r.  8vo 
vols.  4.  Office  of  Sheriff':  see  IMPEY,  JOHN,  No.  3. 

Jermcnt,  George.     Discourses,  Ac.,  1791-1813. 

Jermin,  Michael,  D.D.,  d.  1659,  Rector  of  St. 
Martin's,  London,  1638.  1.  Comment,  on  the  whole  Book 
of  Proverbs,  Lon.,  1638,  fol.  2.  Comment,  on  Ecclesiastes, 
1639,  fol. 

Jernegan,  Charles,  M.D.  Med.  con.  to  Phil.  Trans., 
1745. 

Jerningham,  Edward,  1727-1812,  gained  some 
popularity  by  a  number  of  poems,  dramas,  essays,  and 
translations,  which  are  now  forgotten.  Among  these  are 
The  Shakspeare  Gallery,  (praised  by  Edmund  Burke;) 
Enthusiasm  ;  Essay  on  the  Eloquence  of  the  Pulpit  in 
England;  The  Siege  of  Berwick.  The  9th  ed.  of  his 
Poems  and  Plays  was  pub.  in  1806,  4  vols.  See  Chal 
mers's  Biog.  Diet. ;  Lon.  Gent.  Mag.,  vol.  Ixxxiii. 

Jerome,  Rev.  Stephen,  pub.  some  theolog.  treatises, 
Lon.,  1613-19,  and  Ireland's  Ivbilee,  or  loyes  lo  Paean; 
for  Prince  Charles  his  Welcome  Home,  &c.,  Dubl.,  1624, 
4to.  See  Dibdin's  Lib.  Comp.,  264. 

Jr iram,  Charles,  Rural  Dean  and  Vicar  of  Chob- 
ham,  Surrey.  Serms.  and  theolog.  treatises,  of  which  the 
best-known  are — 1.  Conversations  on  Infant  Baptism;  2d 
ed.,  1826,  12mo. 

"A  popular  and  satisfactory  discussion  of  the  subject."— Bicker- 
Steth's  C.  S. 

2.  Treat,  on  the  Atonement,  Lon.,  1828,  8vo;  1832,  8vo. 
Highly  commended  by  the  Christian  Guardian,theChristian 
Observer,  the  Christian  Remembrancer,  and  the  Evan.  Mag. 

See  Memoirs  and  Letters  of  Mr.  Jerram,  by  his  son, 
1855,  8vo. 

Jerringham,  Sir  Wm.  Papers  rel.  to  the  Baronies 
of  Stafford,  1807,  4to.  Privately  printed. 

Jerrold,  Douglas,  1803-1857,  a  native  of  Sheerness, 
in  Kent,  after  being  a  midshipman  in  the  Royal  Navy,  and 
subsequently  a  printer,  had  his  fate  decided  for  author 
ship  by  the  success  of  the  drama  of  Black-Eyed  Susan, 
written  before  he  was  of  age.  This  piece  was  followed  by 
The  Rent-Day,  Nell  Gwynne,  The  Bubbles  of  the  Day, 
Time  Works  Wonders,  The  Catspaw,  Retired  from  Busi 
ness,  Cupid,  The  Prisoner  of  War,  The  Heart  of  Gold,  &c. 
As  a  contributor  to  Punch,  and  as  editor  of  The  Heads  of 
the  People,  the  Illuminated  Magazine,  the  Shilling  Maga 
zine,  and  Lloyd's  Weekly,  Mr.  Jerrold  has  won  new  lau 
rels  in  another  department  of  authorship.  We  append  an 
alphabetical  list  of  his  productions,  as  pub.  in  vol.  form. 
1.  Bubbles  of  the  Day,  a  Comedy;  2d  ed.,  1845,  8vo.  2. 
Cakes  and  Ale,  1842,  2  vols.  fp.  8vo;  1852,  being  vol.  iv.  of 
his  Collected  Works.  3.  Chronicles  of  Clovernook,  1846, 
fp.  8vo;  1853,  in  vol.  vi.  of  Collected  Works.  4.  Comedies 
and  Dramas,  1854,  12mo.  5.  Heart  of  Gold ;  a  Drama, 
1854,  12mo.  6.  Man  made  of  Money,  1849,  p.  Svo;  1853, 
in  vol.  vi.  of  Collected  Works.  See  No.  3.  7.  Men  of 
Character,  1838,  3  vols.  p.  8vo;  1851,  being  vol.  ii.  of  Col 
lected  Works.  8.  Mrs.  Caudle's  Curtain-Lectures;  new 
ed.,  1846,  fp.  8vo;  1852,  being  vol.  iii.  of  Collected  Works. 
9.  Prisoner  of  War,  1842,  8vo.  10.  Punch's  Complete 
Letter- Writer.  11.  Punch's  Letters  to  his  Son,  1843,  fp. 
8vo.  12.  Retired  from  Business;  a  Comedy,  1851,  12mo. 
13.  St.  Giles  and  St.  James,  1851,  12mo.  14.  Story  of  a 
Feather,  1844,  fp.  8vo.  15.  The  Catspaw;  a  Comedy, 
1850,  8vo.  16.  Time  Works  Wonders,  1854,  fp.  8vo.  A 
collective  ed.  of  the  works  of  this  popular  author  was  pub. 
in  8  vols.  12mo,  1851-54;  reviewed  in  the  Lon.  Athenaeum, 
1854,  1293-1295.  See  also  Men  of  the  Time,  Lon.,  1856; 
N.  York  Eclec.  Mag.,  xi.  443,  with  portrait.  The  Athen 
aeum  commends  Mr.  Jerrold's  works  in  high  terms : 

"A  reperusal  of  them  serves  to  confirm  our  original  opinion 
that  their  object  is  to  advance  the  good  of  mankind;  that  to  this 
object  there  has  been  a  devotion  of  rare  skill,  undoubted  origi 
nality,  imperturbable  good  temper,  concealed,  perhaps,  occasion 
ally  under  apparent  fierceness  of  phrase  and  a  force  and  flash 
of  wit  at  once  dazzling  and  delightful.  A  body  of  works  more 
original,  either  in  the  artistic  construction  or  in  the  informing 
epint,  has  not  been  added  to  the  national  literature  of  our  time."— 
Lon.  Athen.,  1854, 1293:  The  Writings  of  Douglas  Jerrold. 

The  Wit  and  Opinions  of  Douglas  Jerrold,  edited  by  Wil 
liam  Blanchard  Jerrold,  and  originally  pub.  in  the  London 
National  Magazine,  appeared  in  book-form  in  1858  ;  and  the 
Life  and  Letters  of  Douglas  Jerrold,  edited  by  W.  B.  Jer 
rold,  were  announced  same  year.  See  also  Douglas  Jer 
rold's  Portfolio  of  Weil-Known  Portraits,  drawn  by  Kenny 
Meadows,  with  a  Biographical  and  Critical  Essay  by  E.  L. 
Blanchard,  1857,  p.  8vo;  the  obituary  notice  of  Jerrold 
in  Lon.  Gent.  Mag.,  July,  1857,  91-94;  and  the  London 
Athenaeum,  1858. 

*  Jerrold  was  truly  a  man  of  a  large  heart,  as  well  as  of  a  great 


original  genius.  Ha  never  lost  an  opportunity  of  labouring  in  any 
act  of  benevolence  that  his  sense  of  duty  set  before  him  ;  and  his 
last  words  were  those  of  affection  towards  all  with  whom  he  had 
been  associated  in  friendship, — to  him  a  sacred  relation/' — Lon. 
Gent.  JUug.,  ubi  supra. 

Jerrold,  William  Blanchard,  son  of  the  preceding. 
1.  Disgrace  of  the  Family,  Lon.,  1848,  8vo.  2.  The  Old 
Woman  who  lived  in  a  Shoe,  1849,  Svo.  3.  How  to  See 
the  [Crystal  Palace]  Exhibition  in  four  Visits,  1851,  sq. 

4.  How  to  See  the  British  Museum  in  four  Visits,  1852,  ISnio. 

5.  Threads  of  a  Storm-Sail,  1853,  Svo.     6.  A  Brage-Beaker 
with  the  Swedes;  or,  Notes  from  the  North  in  1852,  Illus 
trated  from  Sketches  by  the  Author,  1853,  fp.  Svo. 

"  Mr.  Jerrold  seeks  to  daguerreotype  the  aspects  of  society  in 
Sweden,  and  to  report  to  his  own  countrymen  on  the  state  of  man 
ners,  culture,  and  the  Fine  Arts." — Lon.  Athen..  1854,  44-46,  q.v. 

7.  Imperial  Paris,  1855,  fp.     8.  Story  of  the  Legion  of 
Honour,  1855,  12mo.     9.  Wit  and  Opinions  of  Douglas 
Jerrold,  1858.     10.  Life  and  Letters  of  Douglas  Jerrold, 
1858:     See  JERROLD,  DOUGLAS. 

Jervais,  T.     Serms.,  1811,  Svo. 

Jervas,  Charles.     See  JARVIS. 

Jervey,  Wm.,  M.D.     The  Scurvy,  Lon.,  1769,  8vo, 

Jervis,  Lieut.  H.  J.  W.,  R.  Artillery.  Hist,  of 
Corfu  and  of  the  Republic  of  the  Ionian  Islands,  Lon., 
1852,  p.  Svo., 

"Written  with  great  care  and  research,  and  including  probably  all 
the  particulars  of  any  moment  in  the  history  of  Corfu." — Lon.  Athen. 

Jervis,  Sir  J.,  Knt.  1.  Office  of  Coroners,  Lon.,  1829, 
12rno.  2.  Rules  of  the  Cts.  of  K.  B.,  C.  P.,  and  Excheq.; 
4th  ed.,  1839,  8vo.  3.  On  Pleading  :  see  ARCHBOLD,  J.  F., 
No.  3.  Other  legal  publications. 

Jervis,  J.  W.  1.  Manual  of  Field  Operations,  Lon., 
1852,  p.  Svo.  2.  The  Rifle-Musket,  1854,  p.  Svo. 

Jervis,  Sir  John  White,  Bart.  Polit.  and  theolog. 
publications,  1798,  1812,  '13. 

Jervis,  Swynfen.  The  Dying  Girl;  and  other  Poems, 
Lon.,  1849,  p.  Svo. 

"  The  Dying  Girl  has  the  higher  excellencies  of  tenderness  and 
pathos,  expressed  in  a  style  of  elegant  simplicity." — Lon.  Spectator. 

Jervis,  Thomas,  a  Unitarian  minister,  pub.  several 
sernis.,  <fec.,  Lon.,  1796-1814. 

•"  His  style  is  always  figurative  and  glowing." — Lon.  Month.  Repos. 

Jerwood,  James.  1.  Tithe-Rent  Charge,  1840, 
12mo.  2.  Parochial  Boundaries,  Lon,  1841,  12rno.  3. 
Rights  to  the  Sea  Shores,  &c.,  1850,  Svo. 

Jesse.     The  Riches  of  Grace,  1647,  Svo. 

Jesse,  Edward,  Surveyor  of  her  Majesty's  Parks 
and  Palaces.  1.  Anecdotes  of  Dogs,  1846,  4to. 

"  The  excellent,  interesting,  and  instructive  volume  before  us." — 
Lon.  Gent.  Mag.,  June,  1846,  609-614. 

2.  Angler's  Rambles,  1836,  p.  Svo.  3.  Favourite  Haunts 
and  Rural  Studies,  including  Visits  to  Spots  of  Interest  in 
the  Vicinity  of  Windsor  and  Eton,  1847,  p.  8'vo. 

"A  pleasing  and  popular  omnium  gatherum  about  interesting 
architectural  remains,  the  biography  of  their  by-gone  inhabitants, 
country  life,  rural  scenery,  literature,  natural  history,  &c." — Lon. 
Literary  Gazette. 

4.  Gleanings  in  Natural  History,  1832-35,  3  vols.  Svo; 
1838,  2  vols.  fp.  Svo;  8th  ed.,  1854,  12mo.  See  Blnckw. 
Mag.,  xxxiii.  861.  5.  Hampton  Court,  Summer  Day  at,  1839, 
fp.  Svo.  6.  Hampton  Court,  Hand-Book  to;  5th  ed.,  1842, 
12mo.  See  Lon.  Athenaeum,  1842,  742-744 ;  Blackw.  Mag., 
xlviii.  769.  7.  Scenes  and  Tales  of  Country  Life,  1844,  p. 
Svo;  1853,  p.  Svo. 

"  A  worthy  companion  to  White's  Natural  History  of  Selborne." 
— Eng.  Churchman. 

"Lacks  no  accomplishment  desirable  in  an  elegant  and  com 
panionable  book,  either  for  the  country,  or  to  transport  the  city 
reader  in  fancy  to  rural  scenes." — Tail's  Mag. ;  and  see  Lon.  Athen., 
1844,  333. 

8.  Windsor,  Summer  Day  at,  and  a  Visit  to  Eton.  1841, 
12mo.    New  ed.,  1844,  12mo.    See  Lon.  Athen.,  1844,  787, 
808.    9.  New  ed.  of  Walton  and  Colton's  Complete  Angler, 
with  Lives  of  the  Authors,  and  Notes.    To  which  are  added 
Papers  on  Fishing-Tackle,  Fishing-Stations,  etc.,  by  Henry 
G.  Bohn,  1856,  p.  Svo,  being  No.  37  of  Bohn's  Illustrated 
Library.     A  beautiful  and  valuable  edition. 

Jesse,  J.  Guide  to  the  Practice  of  the  Ct.  of  Quart. 
Sess.  for  the  Co.  of  Somerset,  Lon.,  1815,  Svo. . 

Jesse,  John  Heneage.  1.  George  Selwyn  and  his 
Contemporaries,  Lon.,  1843,  4  vols.  Svo. 

"We  do  not  know  a  more  entertaining  book  than  this.  We 
listen  to  the  most  diverting  raillery,  the  most  delicate  malice,  and 
the  best  wit  that  a  range  of  observation  merely  superficial  could 
furnish,  and  are  amused  and  pleased  with  a  thousand  conscious 
and  unconscious  affectations." — Lon.  Examiner. 

2.  Literary  and  Historical  Memoirs  of  London;  1st  Ser., 
1847,  2  vols.  Svo.  3.  London  and  its  Celebrities;  2d  Ser., 
1850,  2  vols.  Svo, 

''Full  of  curious  matter,  and  will  always  be  read  and  valued."— 
John  Bull. 

4.  London :  a  Fragmentary  Poem,  1847,  p.  Svo.     5.  Mary 


JES 


JEW 


Queen  of  Scots  ;  and  other  Poems,  p.  8vo.  6.  Memoirs  of 
the  Court  of  England  during  the  Reign  of  the  Stuarts,  in 
cluding  the  Protectorate,  1839-40,  4  vols.Svo;  2d  ed.,  1855, 
3  vols.  cr.  8vo ;  3d  ed.,  1857,  3  vols.  cr.  8vo. 

"  One  of  the  most  interesting  works  that  has  issued  from  the 
press  for  many  seasons." — Lon.  Atlas. 

The  materials  of  this  work  are  chiefly  drawn  from  the 
sketches  of  De  Grammont,  Pepys,  and  Madame  Dunois, 
Lon.,  1707,  8vo. 

"  The  work  is  mere  patchwork.  ...  No  attempt  is  made  to  dis-  j 
criminate  between  conflicting  statements,  or  to  ascertain  the  degree 
of  credit  to  which  the  anecdotes  are  entitled."— Lon.  Athen.,  1840, 
622-623. 

7.  Memoirs  of  the  Court  of  London,  from  the  Revolu 
tion  in  1688  to  the  Death  of  George  II.,  1843,  3  vols.  8vo; 
2d  ed.,  1846,  3  vols.  8vo. 

"This  work  presents  in  an  agreeable  form  facts  which  have 
hitherto  been  known  only  to  the  laborious  few." — Lon.  Times. 

8.  Memoirs  of  the  Pretenders  and  their  Adherents,  1845, 
2  vols.  8vo  j  2d  ed.,  1846,  2  vols.  8vo ;  3d  ed.,  1858,  p.  8vo. 
See  N.  Amer.  Rev.,  Oct.  1858.     9.  Tales  of  the  Dead,  and 
other  Poems,  12mo. 

Jesse,  Capt.  William,  R.A.  1.  Notes  of  a  Half- 
Pay  in  Search  of  Health ;  or,  Russia,  Circassia,  and  the 
Crimea  in  1839-40,  1841,  2  vols.  p.  8vo. 

"  Captain  Jesse  has  given  us  a  better  insight  into  the  habits  and 
manners  and  institutions  of  Russia  than  any  other  modern  author." 
— United  Service  Gazette. 

Also  favourably  reviewed  in  the  Lon.  Athenaeum,  The 
Naval  and  Military  Gazette,  The  Globe,  and  The  Britan 
nia.  Also  noticed  in  Eclec.  Rev.,  4th  Ser.,  xi.  298. 

2.  Life  of  Beau  Brummel,  1844,  2  vols.  8vo ;  1854, 12mo. 
See  Lon.  Athen.,  1844,  399-400.     3.  Russia  and  the  War, 
1854,  cr.  8vo,  and  12mo.     4.  Trans,  of  J.  P.  Ferrier's  Ca 
ravan  Journeys;  2d  ed.,  1857,  8vo. 

Jesse,  William,  Rector  of  Dowles,  d.  1814,  aged  77, 
was  the  author  of  a  number  of  semis,  and  theolog.  treat 
ises,  pub.  1780-1816. 

"  The  excellencies  of  these  sermons  [1810,  8vo]  are  soundness  of 
doctrine,  and  simplicity  in  thought  and  in  language." — Lon.  Chris. 
Observer. 

"  The  doctrines  are  not  stated  with  any  remarkable  precision,  nor 
maintained  with  any  steady  process  of  argument.  The  composition 
is  indeed,  for  the  most  part,  quite  loose  and  immethodical."— JOHN 
FOSTER:  Eclec.  Review;  and  in  his  Essays,  Lon.,  1856,  i.  515-522. 

Jessey,  Henry,  1601-1663,  left  the  Church  of  Eng 
land,  and  became  minister  of  a  Baptist  congregation.  1. 
268  Places  in  Jerusalem,  Lon.,  1654,  4to.  2.  The  Lord's 
Loud  Calls  to  England,  Lon.,  1660, 4to.  3.  English-Greek 
Lexicon,  1661,  8vo.  This  does  not  appear  to  be  a  compi 
lation  of  Jessey's.  See  Orme's  Bibl.  Bib.  It  is  one  of  the 
earliest  Lexicons  to  the  N.  T.  in  the  English.  4.  Looking- 
Glass  for  Children,  with  addits.  by  H.  P.,  1673,  8vo.  Jessey 
made  some  progress  in  a  new  trans,  of  the  Bible. 

Jessop,  Constantius.  On  Rev.  ii.  1,  Lon.,  1640, 
'60,  4to. 

Jessop,  Francis.  1.  Propositions  Hydrostaticae, 
Ac.,  Lon.,  1687,  4to.  2.  Damps  in  Mines,  &c.;  Phil. 
Trans.,  1675. 

Jesten,  H.  Drama  of  Joseph,  &c.,  Reading,  1790,  8vo. 

Jesup,  Edward.     Lives  of  Picus  and  Pascal,  1723. 

Jeter,  Jeremiah  B.,  D.D.,  a  Baptist  divine,  b.  in 
Bedford  county,  Va.,  1802.  1.  Memoir  of  Abner  W.  Clop- 
ton,  A.M.  2.  Memoir  of  Mrs.  Henrietta  Shuck,  the  first 
American  Female  Missionary  to  China;  5th  ed.,  12mo. 

"  We  have  seldom  taken  into  our  hands  a  more  beautiful  book 
than  this.  It  will  be  extensively  read  and  eminently  useful,  and 
thus  the  ends  sought  by  the  author  will  be  happily  secured."— 
Family  Visitor. 

3.  Memoir  of  the  Rev.  Andrew  Broadders,  of  Virginia. 
4.  Campbellism  Examined,  N.  York,  12mo.     This  was  an 
swered  by  Moses  E.  Lard,  q.  v.     5.  Christian  Mirror;  or, 
A  Delineation  of  different  Classes  of  Christians,  1855,1 6mo. 
6.  The  Psalmist:  see  FULLER,  RICHARD,  No.  6. 

Jevon,  Thomas,  d.  J688,  an  actor.  The  Devil  of  a 
Wife ;  a  Farce,  1686,  4to.  This  is  the  original  of  the  Farce 
of  The  Devil  to  Pay. 

Jevons,  Thomas.    Criminal  Law,  Lon.,  1834, 12mo. 

Jevons,  William.  1.  Elements  of  Astronomy,  Lon., 
12mo.  2.  Systematic  Morality,  2  vols.  8vo. 

"  We-  can  safely  recommend  it." — Lon.  Month.  Repos. 

Jewel,  Edward.     The  Stomach,  Ac.,  Lon.,  1678,  4to. 

Jewel,  or  Jewell,  John,  D.D.,  1522-1571,  a  native 
of  Devonshire,  admitted  of  Merton  College,  Oxford,  1535, 
was  in  1539  chosen  scholar  of  Corpus  Christ!  College,  and 
subsequently  became  Reader  of  Humanity  and  Rhetoric 
in  his  college.  In  1546  he  professed  himself  a  convert  to 
the  doctrines  of  the  Reformation,  and  his  zeal  in  dissemi 
nating  his  opinions  led  to  his  expulsion  from  his  college. 
On  the  accession  of  Queen  Mary  in  1554,  he  fled  to  the 
Continent,  and  remained  abroad  until  the  year  after  Eliza 


beth  ascenaed  the  throne ;  in  1560  he  was  consecrated 
Bishop  of  Salisbury,  and  in  1562  gave  to  the  world,  in  ele 
gant  Latin,  the  most  famous  of  his  writings, — Apologia  Ec- 
clesiae  Anglican*.  His  unwearied  labours  in  the  discharge 
of  the  duties  of  his  episcopate,  and  his  unremitting  devo 
tion  to  study,  brought  on  a  state  of  physical  exhaustion, 
which  resulted  fatally  on  the  22d  of  Sept.  1571,  in  the 
fiftieth  year  of  his  age.  He  was  noted  for  his  wonderful 
powers  of  memory,  profound  learning,  and  exemplary 
piety.  A  collective  edition  of  his  works,  which  consist 
principally  of  treatises  in  defence  of  the  Church  of  England 
against  Romanism,  was  pub.  in  1609,  fol.;  1611,  fol.;  1631, 
fol. ;  1711,  fol.  See  edits,  of  separate  publications  in 
Watt's  Bibl.  Brit.  There  are  two  recent  edits,  of  his  col- 
lected  works, — viz. :  edited  for  the  Parker  Society  by  the 
Rev.  John  Ayre,  Camb.,  1845-50,  4  vols.  sm.  fol.,  £1  10«.; 
edited  by  R.  W.  Jelf,  D.D.,  Oxf.,  1847-48,  8  vols.  8vo,  £3 
12«.  Of  his  Apology,  and  other  pieces  pub.  separately, 
there  have  been  many  editions.  His  Challenge  Sermon, 
preached  at  St.  Paul's  Cross,  March  30,  1560,  is  considered 
one  of  the  best  specimens  of  his  eloquence.  See  Life  pre 
fixed  to  the  octavo  edit,  of  the  Apology,  1685;  reprinted 
in  Wordsworth's  Eccles.  Biog. ;  Burnet's  Hist,  of  the  Re 
formation;  Holingshed's  Chronicle;  Biog.  Brit.;  Bliss's 
Wood's  Athen.  Oxon. ;  Fuller's  Abel  Redivivus ;  his 
Church  History;  Strype's  Life  of  Cranmer,  of  Parker; 
Prince's  Worthies  of  Devon ;  Chalmers's  Biog.  Diet. ; 
Lowndes's  Brit.  Lib.,  271,  598,  1037,  1038,  1039,  1269; 
C.  W.  Le  Bas's  Life  of  Jewel,  1835,  12mo.  (Reviewed  in 
British  Critic,  xviii.  38.)  Jewel's  Apology  came  out, 
Strype  says,  "to  the  abundant  establishment  of  this  re 
formed  church  upon  antiquity." 

"Jewel's  Apology  is  an  account  of  the  grounds  of  our  Reparation 
from  the  Church  of  Rome,  as  maintained  after  the  separation  had 
finally  taken  place.  It  was  publicly  received  and  allowed,  and  has 
also  a  claim  to  the  attention  of  the  reader,  both  for  its  clearness  of 
argument  and  elegance  of  language." — BISHOP  RANDOLPH  :  Enchi 
ridion  Theologicum. 

"  One  of  our  best  books." — BISHOP  BURNET. 

"  Will  especially  reward  perusal." — BICKERSTETH. 

"  This  short  book  is  written  with  spirit :  the  style  is  terse,  the 
arguments  pointed,  the  authorities  much  to  the  purpose ;  so  that 
its  effects  are  not  surprising.  This  treatise  is  written  in  Latin ;  his 
Defence  of  the  Apology,  a  much  more  diffuse  work,  in  English. 
Upon  the  merits  of  the  controversy  of  Jewell  with  the  Jesuit  Hard 
ing,  which  the  defence  embraces,  I  am  not  competent  to  give  any 
opinion :  in  length  and  learning  it  far  surpasses  our  earlier  pole 
mical  literature." — Hattam's  Lit.  Hist,  of  Europe,  4th  ed.,  Lon.. 
1854,  i.  561. 

To  the  controversy  with  Harding  we  have  already  re 
ferred  :  see  HARDING,  THOMAS,  and  authorities  there  cited. 

"  The  Church  of  England  may  be  best  studied  in  the  writings  of 
Jewell,  as  regards  its  separation  from  the  Romanist." — BISHOP 
WARBURTON. 

"  For  the  answer  to  any  question  respecting  the  genuine  sense  of 
the  documents  of  the  Church  of  England,  I  consult  no  other  author 
ity  ."—CYRIL  JACKSON,  D.D.,  Dean  of  Christ  Church. 

"  Jewell  is  eminent  for  his  extensive  learning,  his  sound  views, 
and  his  Christian  eloquence.  All  his  works  are  valuable.  .  .  .  The 
finest  Christian  eloquence,  deep  learning,  sound  wisdom,  and  evan 
gelical  piety,  mark  the  writings  of  this  Reformer." — Bickersteth'sC.S. 

"  The  contemporary  of  Archbishop  Parker,  Bishop  Jewell,  Bishop 
of  Salisbury,  with  equal  learning,  united  a  more  glowing  style  and 
richer  eloquence.  Jewell  was  indeed  the  most  accomplished  scholar 
who  had  yet  appeared  in  the  reformed  Church  of  England." — Cat- 
termole's  Literature  of  the  Church  of  England. 

"  One  of  the  greatest  lights  that  the  reformed  Church  of  England 
hath  produced." — WOOD  :  Athen.  Oxon. 

"  Jewel's  character  cannot  be  too  highly  revered,  or  too  respect 
fully  spoken  of."— DR.  BLISS  :  ubi  supra. 

"  The  Jewel  of  Bishops,  the  worthiest  Divine  that  Christendom 
hath  bred  for  some  hundred  of  years." — RICHARD  HOOKER,  author 
of  the.  Ecclesiastical  Polity. 

"  It  may  be  said  of  his  surname,  nomen  omen  ;  Jewel  his  name 
and  precious  his  virtues ;  so  that,  if  the  like  ambition  led  us  Eng 
lishmen,  which  doth  foreigners,  speciously  to  render  our  surnames 
in  Greek  or  Latin,  he  may  be  termed  Johannes  Gemma,  on  better 
account  than  Gemma  Frisius  entitleth  himself  thereunto." — Fuller's 
Worthies  of  Devonshire. 

Jewel,  or  Jewell,  William,  a  native  of  Devonshire, 
educated  at  Exeter  College,  Oxford.  The  Golden  Cabinet 
of  True  Treasure,  containing  the  summe  of  morall  philo 
sophic  ;  from  the  French,  Lon.,  1612,  sm.  8vo. 

Jewett,  Charles.  Temperance  Lectures,  Poems, 
Reviews,  &c.,  Bost.,  12mo. 

Jewett,  Charles  Coffin,  a  learned  American  biblio 
grapher  and  linguist,  was  born  Aug.  12,  1816,  graduated 
at  Brown  University,  1835;  appointed  Prof,  of  Modern 
Languages  at  Brown  Univ*  and  Assistant  Secretary  of  the 
Smithsonian  Institution.  Mr.  Jewett  resides  in  Boston. 
1.  Catalogue  of  the  Library  of  Brown  University,  Provi 
dence,  1843,  8vo,  pp.  560.  2.  Facts  and  Considerations 
relative  to  Duties  on  Books,  1846,  8vo,  pp.  24.  3.  Notices 
!  of  Public  Libraries  in  the  United  States  of  America,  Wash- 
i  ineton,  1851,  8vo,  pp.  207.  4.  On  the  Construction  of 

967 


JEW 


JOH 


Catalogues  of  Libraries  and  their  publications  by  means  of 
eeparate  stereotyped  Titles  ;  with  Rules  and  Examples,  1852, 
8vo;  1853,  8vo,  pp.  96,  2d  ed.  Contributions  to  the  Pro 
ceedings  of  the  American  Association  for  the  Advancement 
of  Science,  Hunt's  Merchants'  Magazine. 

Cicero  beautifully  calls  the  library  "the  Soul  of  the 
House  :"  Professor  Jewett,  with  a  noble  ambition,  has 
zealously  striven  to  provide  such  a  soul  for  this  great  Re 
public,  by  his  intelligent  labours  in  connexion  with  the 
Smithsonian  Institution,  at  Washington.  We  trust,  that 
he  will  yet  see  that  magnificent  temple  adorned—  rnot  only 
with  "goodly  stones,"  (which  sometimes  preach  any  thing 
but  profitable  "sermons,"')  but  —  with  the  recorded  learn 
ing  of  all  ages,  and  the  teachings  of  wisdom  of  every  clime. 
A  great  National  Library  would  be,  indeed,  a  National 
Honour,  a  National  Blessing,  and  a  priceless  boon,  alike 
to  the  present  generation,  and  to  the  countless  millions 
who  are  to  take  our  places,  enter  into  our  labours,  and  con 
trol  the  destinies  of  our  country  when  we  are  no  more  ! 

Jewett,  Isaac  A.  Passages  in  Foreign  Travel,  Bost., 
1838,  2  vols.  12mo. 

Jewett,  J.  R.  Narrative  of  Captivity  and  Suffering 
at  Nootka  Sound,  Hartford,  12mo. 

Jewett,  J.  L.,  has  edited  Ollendorff's  New  Method 
of  Learning  French,  Spiers's  French  Dictionary,  &c.,  and 
contributed  vocabularies  of  French  words  to  I)e  Fivas's 
Classic  French  Reader,  and  to  Rowan's  Modern  French 
Reader. 

Jewett,  Milo  P.,  late  minister  of  the  Presbyterian 
Church,  and  Professor  in  Marietta  College,  Ohio,  was  born 
in  1808,  at  St.  Johnsbury,  Vermont;  graduated  at  Andover 
Theolog.  Seminary,  1838.  The  Mode  and  Subjects  of  Bap 
tism,  Bost.  j  12  eds.  pub.  Highly  commended  by  the  Rev. 
J.  R.  Greaves,  editor  of  Tennessee  Baptist. 

Mr.  Jewett  was  among  the  first  to  introduce  the  Common- 
School  System  into  Ohio  and  Alabama. 

Jewsbury,  Miss  Geraldine  E.,  a  native  of  Man 
chester,  England,  and  a  younger  sister  of  the  late  Mrs. 
Fletcher,  formerly  Maria  Jane  Jewsbury,  has  given  to  the 
world  a  number  of  novels  :  1.  Zoe  :  the  History  of  two 
Lives,  Lon.,  1845,  3  vols.  p.  8vo. 

"  We  should  imagine  Miss  Jewsbury  better  qualified  to  succeed 
in  essays  and  speculative  papers,  than  in  descriptions  of  character 
as  it  is,  or  society  as  it  has  been."  —  Lon.  Athen.,  1845,  114. 

"This  novel  made  a  sensation  in  its  day,  but  its  reputation  was 
rather  of  an  equivocal  kind."  —  Lon.  Wines,  1855,  where  will  be 
found  a  brief  notice  of  Nos.  1,  2,  3,  and  6. 

2.  The  Half-Sisters,  1848,  2  vols.  p.  8vo;  1854,  12mo. 

"Displays,  like  its  precursor,  very  considerable  intellectual 
powers,  a  shrewd  observance  of  character,  and  a  general  talent,  or 
more  strength  than  refinement,  and,  indeed,  wanting  only  some 
polish  to  its  roughness  to  raise  it  much  higher  in  the  intellectual 
scale."—  ion.  Lit.  Gaz.,  1848,  194-196.  See  No.  1. 


3.  Marian  Withers,  1851,  3  vols.  p.  8vo. 

an  Adopted  Child,  1852,  fp.  8vo  ;   1853. 


See  No.  1.     4. 
The  History  of 

Intended  for  the  Young.  5.  Angelo  ;  or,  the  Pine-Forest 
in  the  Alps,  1855,  16mo.  6.  Constance  Herbert,  1855,  3 
vols.  p.  8vo. 

"  We  have  seen  few  books  so  perfectly  unsatisfactory  as  Constance 
Herbert."—  Blackwood's  Mag.,  May,  1855:  Modern  Novelists,  Great 
and  Small. 

7.  The  Sorrows  of  Gentility,  1856,  2  vols.  p.  8vo. 

"A  remarkably  good  novel  ;  well  written,  amusing,  sensible,  and 
firm  to  its  purpose."  —  Lon.  Examiner. 

Jewsbury,  Maria  Jane,  1800  P-1833,  a  native  of 
Warwickshire,  but  a  resident  of  Manchester  the  principal 
part  of  her  life,  was  married  in  1833  to  the  Rev.  William 
Fletcher,  whom  she  accompanied,  shortly  after  her  mar 
riage,  on  a  religious  mission  to  India.  She  fell  a  victim  to 
cholera  soon  after  her  arrival  at  Bombay.  Miss  Jews- 
bury  contributed  many  articles  to  the  Lon.  Athenaeum  and 
other  periodicals,  which  have  never  been  collected.  She 
pub.  the  following  vols.  :  1.  Phantasmagoria  ;  or,  Sketches 
of  Life  and  Literature.  2.  Letters  to  the  Young  ;  5th  ed., 
1843,  fp.  8vo.  3.  Lays  of  Leisure  Hours.  4.  Three  His 
tories  ;  new  ed.,  1844,  fp.  8vo.  The  last-named  work  is  a 
great  favourite. 

"  Her  enthusiasm  was  ardent,  her  piety  steadfast,  and  her  great 
talents  would  have  enabled  her  to  be  eminently  useful  in  the  path 
to  which  she  had  been  called  ----  Tn  one  quality—  quickness  in  the 
motions  of  her  mind—  she  was,  in  the  author's  estimation,  un 
rivalled."—  WORDSWORTH,  the  poet,  an  intimate  friend  of  Miss 
Jewsbury. 

"Miss  Jewsbury  the  elder  was  one  of  our  coadjutors  in  the  long- 
past  days  of  our  struggle  ----  Quicker  impulses,  sounder  conclusions, 
an  imagination  more  fanciful,  purposes  more  noble,  or  a  more  eager 
thirst  after  wisdom  and  goodness  for  their  own  sakes,  have  rarely 
distinguished  any  of  the  honourable  and  honoured  line  of  author 
esses.  .  .  .  There  is  no  forgetting  Miss  Jewsbury  whenever  the  gifted 
women  of  England  are  brought  under  notice."  —  Lon.  Alhenaum 
1845,  114. 

6ee  Christopher  North's  commendation  of  Miss  Jews- 
968 


bury  in  Noctes  Ambrosianse,  Dec.  1829,  (Blackw.  Mag., 
xxvi.  872;)  and  see  pp.  953,  975,  for  some  of  this  lady'a 
poetry. 

Jewry,  Laura.  1.  The  Ransom:  a  Tale  of  the  13th 
Century,  1846,  3  vols.  p.  8vo. 

"The  Ransom  has  more  than  commonplace  merit." — Lon.Athen. 
2.  The  Forest  and  the  Fortress:  a  Romance  of  the  19th 
Century,  1850,  3  vols.  p.  8vo.     See  Lon.  Athen.,  1850,  419. 
3.  The  Cup  and  the  Lip;  a  Novel,  1851,  3  vols.  p.  8vo. 

"  Miss  Jewry's  dramatis  persona;  are  well  conceived,  consistent 
with  themselves  and  with  the  times." — Lon.  Spectator. 

4.  The  Tide  of  Life;  a  Novel,  1852,  3  vols.  p.  8vo.  5. 
Audrey  5  a  Novel,  1853,  3  vols.  p.  8vo. 

Jickling,  Henry.  Analogy  between  Legal  and  Equi 
table  Estates  and  Alienation,  <fcc.,  Lon.,  1829,  r.  8vo. 

Jickling,  Nicholas.  Digest  of  Laws  of  Customs, 
<fcc.,  Lon.,  1815,  4to.  See  FREWIX,  RICHARD. 

Jimeson,  Rev.  Allen  Alexander,  D.D.,  b.  1815, 
in  Pennsylvania.  1.  Notes  on  the  XXV.  Articles  of  Re 
ligion  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church,  Cincin.,  1853, 
12mo,  pp.  407.  2.  Sacred  Literature  of  the  Lord's  Prayer, 
1854, 12mo,  pp.  207.  3.  Notes  on  the  Twenty-Five  Articles 
of  Religion  as  Received  and  Taught  by  Methodists  in  the 
United  States,  1858,  12mo. 

Jobson,  Richard.  The  Golden  Trade ;  or,  a  Dis 
covery  of  the  Gambia,  Lon.,  1623,  4to.  See  Hugh  Mur 
ray's  Africa. 

Jocelin  of  Furness,  flourished  1185,  was  the  author 
of  several  biographies,  chiefly  of  saints.  See  Wright's 
Biog.  Brit.  Lit.,  Anglo-Norman  Period,  and  authorities 
there  cited. 

Joceline,  Elizabeth.  The  Mother's  Legacie  to  her 
Unborne  Child,  Oxf.,  1634,  sm.  Svo.  New  ed.,  by  the  Very 
Rev.  Principal  Lee,  Edin.,  1852,  18mo. 

Joceylyn,  Lord.  Six  Months  with  the  Chinese  Ex 
pedition  ;  2d  ed.,  Lon.,  1841, 12mo.  This  work  has  reached 
the  6th  edit. 

"Lord  Joceylyn  supplies  us  with  some  striking  facts  and  un 
known  particulars." — Lon.  Literary  Gazette. 

Jodrell,  Henry.     Charge  to  Jury,  Lon.,  1793,  Svo. 
Jodrell,  Paul.     1.  A  Widow  and  no  Widow  ;  a  Dram. 
Piece,  Lon.,  1780,  Svo.     2.  Seeing  is  Believing,  1786,  Svo. 
Jodrell,   Richard  Paul,   M.D.,   D.C.L.,  d.  1831, 
brother  of  the  preceding.     1.  Illustrations  of  Euripides  on 
the  Ion,  Bacchae,  and  Alcestis,  Lon.,  1781-89,  3  vols.  8vo. 
"An  extraordinary  fund  of  critical  erudition." — DR.  ADAM  CLARKE. 
2.  The  Persian  Heroine;  a  Trag.,  1786,  4 to.     3.  Select 
Dramatic  Pieces,  1787,  Svo.   These  six  pieces  and  a  seventh 
had  been  pub.  previously.   4.  Carmina  Selecta,  1812,  r.  Svo. 
Privately  printed,  £4  4*.     5.  Philology  of  the    English 
Language,  1820,  4to;  250  copies;  privately  printed.     A 
valuable  work,  and  should  accompany  Halliwell's  Dic 
tionary,  q.  v. 

Joel,  Thomas.   1.  Poems  and  Letters  in  Prose,  Lon., 
1767,  Svo.     2.  Grammar,  1775,  12mo. 
Johansen,  Andrew.     Island  of  Bulan,  Lon.,  1794. 
John  of  Beverley,  the  founder  of  the  Abbey  of  Be- 
verley,  d.  721,  is  said  by  Bede  to  have  written  some  Ho 
milies  and  Epistles;  but  there  is  no  work  extant  bearing 
his  name.     See  Wright's   Biog.  Brit.  Lit.,  Anglo-Saxon 
Period,  and  authorities  there  cited. 

John  of  Beverley,  a  Carmelite  professor  of  divinity 
at  Oxford  about  1390,  was  the  author  of  s'ome  questions 
on  the  Master  of  the  Sentences,  and  some  controversial 
pieces. 

John  of  Brompton,  Abbot  of  Jervaux,  in  Yorkshire, 
in  1193,  is  the  reputed  author  of  a  Chronicle  of  English 
History,  588-1198;  but  it  is  very  doubtful  whether  it  is 
properly  ascribed  to  him.  See  Wright's  Biog.  Brit.  Lit., 
Anglo-Norman  Period,  and  authorities  there  cited. 

John  of  Cornwall,  flourished  1170,  was  the  author 
of  three  theological  treatises,  the  principal  one  of  which 
— relating  to  the  humanity  of  Christ — is  known  by  the 
title  of  Eulogium,  and  was  given  to  the  world  about  1169 
or  '70.  See  Wright's  Biog.  Brit.  Lit.,  Anglo-Norman 
Period,  and  authorities  there  cited. 

John  de  Hauteville,  flourished  1184,  was  the  author 
of  a  poem  entitled  Arcliitrenius,  and  is  supposed,  without 
probability,  to  have  written  some  other  poetical  pieces. 
See  Wright's  Biog.  Brit.  Lit.,  Anglo-Norman  Period,  and 
authorities  there  cited. 

John  of  Gaddesden.  See  GADDESDKN,  JOHN  OF. 
John  of  Salisbury,  1120?-!  ISO,  a  native  of  Salis 
bury,  studied  at  Oxford  and  Paris,  opened  a  school  in  the 
latter  place,  subsequently  lived  in  England  as  secretary  to 
Theobald,  Archbishop  of  Canterbury,  and  to  his  successor, 
Thomas  a  Becket,  and,  in  1176,  was  made  Bishop  of  Char- 
tres  by  the  recommendation  of  Louis  of  France.  His  prin- 


JOH 

cipal  works  are  his  Polyeraticus  de  nugis  curialium  etves- 
tigiis  philosophorum ;  a  metrical  treatise  entitled  Enthe- 
ticus  de  dogrnate  philosophorum;  the  Metalogicus;  his 
epistles,  and  a  life  of  Thomas  a  Becket 

"As  a  writer,  John  of  Salisbury  is  estimable  for  his  great  erudi 
tion,  and  for  the  general  correctness  of  his  style." — Wright's  Biog. 
Brit.  Lit.,  Anglo- JVorman  Period.,  q.  v.  for  a  notice  of  this  writer  aiid 
editions  of  his  works. 

Since  the  publication  of  Mr.  Wright's  invaluable  work, 
a  new  edition — and  the  best — has  appeared, — viz. :  Opera 
Oinnia,  nunc  primum  in  unum  collegit,  et  cum  codicibus 
manuscript^  contulit  J.  A.  Giles,  Oxon.,  1848,  5  vols.  8vo. 
"  John  of  Salisbury  was  the  intimate  friend  of  Thomas  a  Becket. 
He  appears  to  have  been  an  unsparing  and  just  censurer  both  of 
friends  and  foes.     His  Ptlicraticus  is  a  work  on  the  follies  of  cour 
tiers  and  philosophers."—  Clarke's  Sacred  Literature. 
John,  Saint.     See  SAINT  JOHN. 
John,  Chris.  S.     Indian  Civilization,  1813,  Svo. 
John,  Gabriel.     Essay  towards  the  Theory  of  the 
Intelligible  World  Intuitively  Considered.    Designed  for  49 
parts  12mo.    Swift  is  thought  to  have  taken  the  idea  of  his 
marbled  pages  from  this  curious  work :  but  see  GODWIN, 
FRANCIS,  D.D. 

John,  T.  B.     An  Impartial  Hist,  of  Europe,   from 
the  Death  of  Louis  XVI.  to  the  Present  Time,  1814,  8vo. 
Johncs,  Arthur  James.    1.  Causes  which  have  pro 
duced  Dissent  from  the  Established  Church  in  Wales.    See 
Lowndes's  Brit.  Lib.,  1146-1147.     2.  Reform  of  the  Ct.  of 
Chancery,  Lon.,  1834,  8vo.     See  Hoff.  Leg.  Stu.,  406;  13 
Amer.  Jur.,  459.     3.  Philological  Proofs  of  the  Original 
Unity  and  recent  Origin  of  the  Human  Race,  derived 
from  a  Comparison  of  the  Languages  of  Asia,  Europe, 
Africa,  and  America,  1843,  8vo.     New  ed.,  1846,  8vo. 
"  This  essay  contains  very  valuable  matter."— Dr.  Prichard. 
This   work  was   published   at   the    suggestion   of  Dr. 
Prichard,  and  should  accompany  his  works. 
Johnes,  Thomas.     Serm.,  Brist,  1779,  4to. 
Johnes,    Col.  Thomas,   1748-1816,   a  native  of 
Shropshire,  the  owner  of  the  splendid  mansion  and  library 
at  Hafod  in  Cardiganshire,  issued  from  his  private  print 
ing-press  the  following  valuable  works,  trans,  by  himself 
into  English  :    1.  Sir  John  Froissart's  Chronicles,  1803-05, 
4  vols.  4to,  25  copies,  large  paper,  in  fol. ;  2d  ed.,  1805,  12 
vols.  8vo,  plates  in  4to;  3d  ed.,  1808,  12  vols.  8vo,  plates 
in  4to;  1839,  2  vols.  r.  8vo;  1848,  2  vols.  r.  8vo;  1849,  r. 
8vo.    Condensed,  1847,  2  vols.  12mo.     Reviewed   by  Sir 
Walter  Scott  in  Edin.  Rev.,  v.  347-362. 

2.  The  Travels  of  Bertrandon  de  la  Brocquiere,  1807, 
r.  8vo,  12  copies,  large  paper,  in  sm.  4to.  Reviewed  by 
the  Rev.  Sydney  Smith  in  Edin.  Rev.,  x.  329-332.  3.  Me 
moirs  of  John,  Lord  de  Joinville,  1807,  2  vols.  4to,  230 
copies  printed  :  10  copies,  large  paper,  in  imp.  4to.  4. 
Chronicles  of  Eug.  de  Monstrelet,  1809,  5  vols.  4to,  25 
copies,  large  paper,  in  fol. ;  2d  ed.,  1810,  12  vols.  8vo,  plates 
in  4to;  1840,  2  vols.  imp.  8vo.  Col.  Johnes  also  pub.  a 
trans,  of  St.  Palaye's  Memoirs  of  the  Life  of  Froissart, 
1803,  8vo,  and  A  Cardiganshire  Landlord's  Advice  to  his 
Tenants.  We  have  already  devoted  so  much  space  to 
Froissart,  (and  some  to  Monstrelet,)  that  no  comments 
should  be  expected  here.  See  BERNERS,  JOHN  BOURCHIER, 
LORD.  For  particulars  respecting  Col.  Johnes,  his  man 
sion,  and  his  splendid  library,  see  A  Tour  to  Hafod,  by 
Sir  James  Edward  Smith,  1810,  sup.  r.  fol.,  price  12  guineas  ; 
Dibdin's  Bibliographical  Decameron,  and  his  Library  Com 
panion  ;  Green's  Diary  of  a  Lover  of  Lit. ;  Cens.  Lit.  In 
1807,  the  splendid  mansion  of  Col.  Johnes,  with  much  of 
its  valuable  contents,  was  destroyed  by  fire:  the  loss 
amounted  to  £70,000.  The  energetic  Bibliomaniac,  how 
ever,  was  not  to  be  discouraged,  and  built  and  adorned  a 
new  edifice.  Evelyn  would  have  been  delighted  with  the 
colonel,  for  he  planted  above  three  millions  of  trees  on  his 
Cardiganshire  estates. 

Johns,  C.  A.     Botanical  works,  Lon.,  1841-52. 
Johns,  B.  G.,  Head-Master  of  the  Grammar-School, 
Dulwich.     Theological  works,  Lon.,  1845-53. 

Johns,  Henry  D.,  D.D.,  a  Clergyman  of  the  Prot. 
Epis.  Church  in  Baltimore,  Maryland,  Joy  and  Peace  in 
Believing,  Bait. 

Johns,  Montgomery,  M.D.  An  English  and  Ger 
man  Clinical  Phrase-Book,  Phila.,  1853,  18mo. 

Johns,  Wm.  The  Tray  tor  to  Himself;  or,  Man's  Heart 
his  greatest  Enemy,  Oxf.,  1674,  4to.  In  verse. 

Johns,  Rev.  Wm.  Latin  Etymology,  Lon.,  1805, 
12mo. 

Johns,  Wm.     Correspondence,  Ac.,  1814,  8vo. 
Johnsen,  H.     Confutation  of  Lillie,  1648,  8vo. 
Johnson.     Traveller's  Breirate,  1601,  4to. 
Johnson.     Stones  in  Animals;  Phil.  Trans.,  1674. 
Johnson.     Struggle  against  Popery,  1689,  8vo. 


JOH 

Johnson.     Manual  of  Physic,  Lon.,  1700,  Svo. 

Johnson.     On  Moral  Obligation,  Lon.,  1731,  Svo. 

Johnson,  or  Johnston,  Major.  1.  Expedition  to 
Candy  in  1804,  Lon.,  1810,  Svo.  2.  Journey  from  India 
to  England  in  1817,  4to,  1818. 

Johnson,  Mrs.  A.  M.    Novels,  1790. 

Johnson,  Abraham.  Lucina  sine  concubitor,  Lon., 
1750,  Svo. 

Johnson,  Alexander  B.,  banker  and  counsellor- 
at-law,  of  Utica,  New  York,  where  he  has  resided  since 
April,  1801,  was  b.  at  Gosport,  England,  May  29,  1786. 
1.  Inquiry  into  the  Nature  and  value  of  Capital,  Ac.,  N. 
York,  1813.     2.  The  Philosophy  of  Human  Knowledge; 
or,  a  Treatise  on  Language,  1828.     A  eulogistic  notice  of 
this  work,  by  the  Rev.  Timothy  Flint,  will  be  found  in 
the  London  Athenaeum,  1835,  802-803,— Sketches  of  the 
Lit.  of  the  U.  States.    3.  A  Treat  on  Language,  1836.    4. 
;  Religion  in  its  Relations  to  the  Present  Life,  1840.     5. 
i  The  Philosophical  Emperor,  1841.     6.  A  Treat,  on  Bank 
ing,  Ac.,  1850.     7.  The  Meaning  of  Words  Analyzed  into 
Words  and  Unverbal   Things,  Ac.,  1854.     8.  The    Phy 
siology  of  the  Senses,   1856.     Highly  commended  in  the 
I  Westminster  Review  for  October,  1856.     9.  An  Encyclo- 
i  pedia  of  Instruction,  on  Apologues  and  Breviats,  or  Men 
and   Manners,    1857.     See   Lon.    Athenseura,    1857,  181. 
:  Mr.  Johnson  has  also  pub.  a  number  of  lectures,  addresser, 
speeches,  Ac.,  and  contributed  many  papers  to  the  Demo 
cratic  Review,  The  Knickerbocker  Magazine,  and  other 
periodicals. 

Johnson,  Miss  Anna  C.  1.  Myrtle  Wreaths,  Ac.. 
hy  Minnie  Myrtle,  N.  York,  1854, 12mo.  2.  The  Iroquois. 
1855,  12mo.  3.  Peasant  Life  in  Germany,  1858, 12mo. 

Johnson,  Rev.  Anthony.  Histor.  Acct.  of  the 
English  Translation  of  the  Bible,  Ac.,  Lon.,  1730,  Svo. 
Reprinted  in  vol.  iii.  of  Bp.  Watson's  Theolog.  Tracts. 
See  COTTON,  HENRY,  LL.D. ;  LEWIS,  JOHN,  No.  4. 

Johnson,  Artemas  N.,  b.  Middlebury,  Vt,  1817. 
1.  Instructions  in  Thorough  Bass,  1844.  2.  Choir  Chorus- 
Book,  1S47.  3.  Bay  State  Collection  of  Church  Music, 
1849.  4.  Melodia  Sacra,  1852.  5.  Handel  Collection  of 
Church  Music,  1854.  6.  Instruction  in  Harmony  upon 
the  Pestalozzian  System,  1854.  Also,  several  Juvenile 
Singing-Books.  Editor  of  Boston  Musical  Gazette,  and 
Bost.  Musical  Journal. 

Johnson,  Arthur,  Prof,  of  Anglo-Saxon  in  the 
Univ.  of  Oxford.  Trans,  of  Tenneman's  Manual  of  the 
Hist,  of  Philosophy,  Oxf.,  1832,  Svo. 

"  To  the  studt-nt  of  Philosophy,  I  know  of  no  work  in  English 
likely  to  prove  half  so  useful." — HAYWARD,  tw  his  trans,  of  GoeMie. 

Johnson,  Ben.     See  JONSON. 

Johnson,  Ben.  Poems,  1700.  This  is  an  edit,  of 
Bishop  King's  Poems,  (1657,)  with  a  new  title  page. 

Johnson,  Ben,  Jr.  Poems,  being  a  Miscelaine  of 
Seriousness,  Wit,  Mirth,  and  Mysterie;  Composed  by  W. 
S.,  Gent,  Lon.,  1672,  sin.  Svo. 

Johnson,  Rev.  Benjamin.   Poems,  Lon.,  1799,  Svo. 

Johnson,  Benjamin  Pierce,  b.  1795,  at  Canaan, 
N.Y.  Report,  as  Commissioner  from  New  York,  on  the 
Great  Exhibition  of  the  Industry  of  all  Nations,  held  at 
London,  1851,  Albany,  1852.  Edited  Transactions  of 
N.Y.  State  Agricultural  Society,  1846-55,  8  vols.  Svo.  Ed. 
Jour.  N.Y.  State  Agricultural  Soc.,  1850-55,  4  vols.  Svo. 
Ed.  Central  N.Y.  Farmer,  1842-44,  3  vols.  Svo.  Con 
tributed  agricultural  articles  to  U.S.  Patent-Office  Rep., 
Trans.  U.S.  Agricultural  Soc.,  and  various  agricultural 
Journals. 

Johnson,  C.  F.  T.     Cancer,  Lon.,  1810,  Svo. 

Johnson,  C.  H.     Prize  Poem,  1809,  12mo. 

Johnson,  Charles,  d.  1748,  was  noted  as  the  author 
of  nineteen  plays,  and  for  being  impaled  by  Pope  in  the 
Dunciad.  See  Cibber's  Lives,  vol.  v. ;  Biog.  Drainat. 

Johnson,  Captain  Charles.  1.  Geueral  Hist  of 
the  Pyrates  of  New  Providence,  Ac.,  Lon.,  1724,  Svo; 
1727,  2  vols.  Svo.  This  is  an  interesting  vol.  to  the  col 
lector  of  American  History,  containing  the  adventures  of 
Blackbeard  and  his  capture  by  Lieut.  Maynard,  the  life 
and  career  of  Capt  Kyd,  Ac.  2.  Life  of  Eliz.  Mann,  1724. 
3.  Hist  of  Highwaymen,  Pirates,  Ac.,  1734,  fol.  Best  ed. 
North's  copy  sold  for  £12.  Some  of  the  copies  bear  date 
1736;  2ded.,  1742,  fol.;  1839,  2  vols.  p.  Svo;  1840,  12mo, 
with  addits.  by  C.  Whitehead.  Again,  1853,  Svo.  This 
work  contains  upwards  of  100  biographies  of  notorious 
characters. 

Johnson,  Christopher,  M.D.  1.  Councell  against 
the  Plague,  Lon.,  1577,  Svo.  2.  Ranarum  et  Murium 
Pugna,  Latino  versu,  donato,  ex  Homero,  1580,  4to. 

Johnson,  Christopher.     Med.  Essay,  1813,  Svo. 

Johnson,  Cuthbert,  M.D.  Con.  to  Med.  Cora.,  1780. 


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Johnson,  Cuthbert  W.,  Barrister-at-Law,  has  pub. 
a  number  of  agricultural  works,  <fcc.,  one  of  the  most  im 
portant  of  which  is  The  Farmer's  Encyclopaedia  and  Dic 
tionary  of  Rural  Affairs,  Lon.,  1842,  8vo. 

"  A  work  containing  a  great  collection  of  useful  facts  in  every 
branch  of  rural  economy." — Prof.  Lowe's  Agriculture,  4th  ed.,  105. 

"One  of  the  best  class." — DR.  LINDLEY,  in  The  Gardener's 
Chronicle. 

"  I  consider  it  entitled  to  an  easily-accessible  place  in  the  library 
of  every  enlightened  agriculturist." — From  an  address  by  J.  S. 
Skinner. 

See  a  list  of  Mr.  Johnson's  agricultural  works  in  Do 
naldson's  Agricult.  Biog.,  127-128.  And  see  EMERSON, 
GOUVERNEUR,  M.D.,  in  this  Dictionary. 

Johnson,  I>.    Practica  Medicinae,  <fec.,  Lon.,  1502, 4to. 

Johnson,  Mrs.  D.  The  Brothers ;  a  Nov.,  1813,  3 
vols.  12mo. 

Johnson,  E.  A.,  Prof,  of  Latin  in  the  Univ.  of  New 
York.  1.  Select  Orations  of  M.  Tullius  Cicero,  with  Notes 
for  Colleges,  Ac.,  N.  York,  1850,  12mo. 

Johnson,  I'M  ward,  emigrated  from  Kent  to  New 
England  in  1630,  probably  with  Governor  Winthrop.  He 
•was  the  author  of  History  of  New  England  from  the 
English  Planting  in  1628  until  1652 ;  or,  Wonder- Working 
Providence  of  Zion's  Saviour,  Lon.,  1654,  4to.  Reprinted 
in  Mass.  Hist.  Soc.  Collec.,  second  series.  See  Allen's 
Amer.  Biog.  Diet.,  and  authorities  there  cited. 

Johnson,  Edward.     On  Prayer,  Lon.,  1740,  8vo. 

Johnson,  Edward,  Surgeon.  1.  Life,  Health,  and 
Disease,  Lon.,  1837,  p.  8vo.  Many  eds. ;  last  ed.,  1851. 

"  We  have  never  read  a  treatise  so  popularly  written,  and  we  think 
it  is  likely  to  benefit  the  community." — Church  of  Eng.  Quar.  Rev. 

Also  commended  by  other  authorities. 

2.  Nuces  Philosophicae;  or,  The  Philosophy  of  Things, 
as  Developed  from  the  Study  of  the  Philosophy  of  Words, 
1841,  8vo.  Monthly  Nos.  1.-9.,  in  all  pp.  536.  This 
work  has  elicited  both  commendation  and  ridicule.  A 
epecimen  of  the  latter  will  be  found  in  Blackw.  Mag.,  1. 
740-746.  3.  Domestic  Practice  of  Hydropathy;  several 
edits.  Newed.,  1854,  8vo.  Mr.  J.  has  written  other  works 
on  Hydropathy. 

Johnson,  Fabian.    English  Forces,  1591,  4to. 

Johnson,  Francis,  a  zealous  Brownist,  pub.  several 
treatises  in  defence  of  his  sect,  1600-17. 

Johnson,  Frank  Grant,  M.D.,  b.  January  30,1825, 
at  East  Windsor,  Hartford  co.,  Conn.,  graduated  at  the 
Wesleyan  University,  Middletown,  Conn.,  1849,  and  at 
Castleton  Medical  College,  Vermont,  1851;  Principal  for 
two  years  of  the  Wethersfield  Academy,  Conn. ;  now  (1857) 
practising  medicine  in  Brooklyn,  New  York.  Author  of 
Johnson's  Philosophical  Charts,  designed  for  schools  and 
academies,  consisting  of  a  series  of  ten,  each  3  feet  by  4 
feet,  pub.  by  A.  Ranney,  New  York.  Highly  commended. 

Johnson,  G.  VV.  The  New  Biographical  Magazine, 
Lon.,  1793,  3  vols.  8vo.  Pub.  periodically,  in  96  Nos., 
with  portraits. 

Johnson,  George  William.  1.  Hist,  of  English 
Gardening,  Lon.,  1829,  8vo.  2.  Kitchen  and  Flower  Gar 
den,  18mo.  3.  Principles  of  Practical  Gardening,  1845, 
fp.  8vo.  4.  Dictionary  of  Modern  Gardening,  Lon.,  1846, 
12mo.  New  ed.,  1851,  p.  8vo.  Amer.  ed.,  with  addits., 
by  David  Landreth,  Phila.,  1847,  r.  12mo. 

"The  labours  of  the  American  editor  have  fitted  it  for  the  United 
States,  by  judicious  additions  and  omissions." — S  Hitman's  Journal. 

5.  The  Gardener  Complete,  in  12  vols.  12mo,  or  in  3 
thick  vols.,  1847,  Ac.;  again,  1853. 

Contains  the  potato,  cucumber,  grape-vine,  auricula, 
asparagus,  pineapple,  strawberry,  dahlia,  and  the  peach, 
—their  history  and  mode  of  cultivation,  with  plates. 

6.  The  Cottage  Gardener,  1849-55,  14  vols.  imp.  8vo  ; 
pub.  annually.     Other  works. 

Johnson,  Henry.  Logography,  Lon.,  1783,  8vo. 
This  book  teaches  the  art  of  printing  words  entire,  by  their 
radices  and  terminations,  instead  of  by  single  letters. 

Johnson,  Herman  M.,  D.D.,  b.  in  Otsego  co.,  N.Y., 
1815,  Prof,  of  Phil,  and  Eng.  Lit.  in  Dickinson  College, 
Penna.  Herodoti  Orientalia  atque  ^Egyptiaca :  Pt.  1, 
Orientalia  Antiquiora,  N.  York,  12mo.  Pt.  2  will  consist 
of  the  ./Egyptiaca  and  the  Orientalia  Recentiora. 

Johnson,  Humphrey.     Arithmetick,  1710,  8vo. 

Johnson,  Isaac.     Serms.,  1739,  '40,  both  8vo. 

Johnson,  J.     Psalter,  Lon.,  1707,  8vo. 

Johnson,  J.     See  GILL,  R.  W. 

Johnson,  J.  Reliques  of  Ancient  English  Architec 
ture,  Lon.,  1856,  imp.  4to;  with  80  large  engravings. 

"  Comprises  the  clroicest  examples  in  England  of  the  Norman, 
First-Pointed,  Mixed,  Middle-Pointed,  Decorated,  and  Third-Pointed 
styles  of  Ecclesiastical  Architecture." 

Johnson,  J.  B.  1.  The  Dog,  and  how  to  Break  him, 
Lon.,  1851,  p.  8vo.  2.  The  Gun,  and  how  to  Use  it,  1851. 
970 


Johnson,  J.  C.  1.  Juvenile  Oratorios,  Bost  2. 
Flower  Festival ;  or,  Pilgrims  of  the  Rhine. 

Johnson,  J.  E.  Analyt.  Abridgt.  of  Kent's  Com 
mentaries  on  Amer.  Law,  N.  York,  1839,  8vo. 

Johnson,  James.  Schediasmata  Poetica,  sive  Epi- 
grammatum  Libellus,  Londini,  1615,  8vo. 

Johnson,  James,  d.  1774,  Bishop  of  Gloucester,1752  ; 
trans,  to  Worcester,  1759.  Serms.,  1753-59. 

Johnson,  James.     Con.  to  Med.  Com.,  Ac.,  1777,  '94. 

Johnson,  James.  The  Scots  Musical  Museum,  Lon., 
1787-1803,  6  vols.  Svo.  New  ed.,  1839,  6  vols.  Svo ;  again, 
edited  by  Win.  Stenhouse,  Edin.,  1853,  4  vols.  Svo.  This 
work  has  been  already  noticed  in  the  life  of  Robert  Burns, 
q.  v.  See  also  Blackw.  Mag.,  i.  377  ;  xxiii.  704. 

Johnson,  James,  Surgeon,  R.N.  The  Oriental  Voy 
ager,  Lon.,  1807,  Svo.  Descrip.  of  St.  Helena,  1815;  and 
three  medical  works,  1813-18. 

Johnson,  James.  1.  Medical  Guide,  &c.,  Lon.,  1792, 
Svo.  2.  Jurisprudence  of  the  Isle  of  Man,  Edin.,  1811, 
'15,  Svo. 

Johnson,  James,  M.D.  Medical  Works,  Ac.  See 
his  Life,  by  his  son,  Lon.,  1846,  Svo. 

Johnson,  James  R.    The  Medical  Leech,  1816,  '17. 

Johnson,  John.     Arithmetick,  Lon.,  1623,  Svo. 

Johnson,  John.  Academy  of  Love,  describing  the 
Folly  of  Younge  Men,  and  the  Fallacy  of  Women,  Lon., 
1641,  4to.  This  book  contains  an  account  of  Love's  Li 
brary,  in  which  Shakspeare  and  other  English  poets  are 
noticed. 

Johnson,  John,  1662-1725,  a  learned  Non-juror, 
educated  at  Cambridge;  Vicar  of  Cran brook,  Kent,  1707. 
1.  Paraphrase  on  the  Book  of  Psalms,  1706,  '07,  Svo.  2. 
Clergyman's  Vade-Mecmn,  1708;  6th  ed.,  1731,  2  vols. 
12mo.  A  valuable  work.  3.  Oblation  in  the  Eucharist, 
1710.  4.  The  Unbloody  Sacrifice  and  Altar  Unvailed  and 
Supported,  Svo:  Pt.  1,  1714;  Pt.  2,  1717:  2d  ed.,  1724. 
New  ed.,  (being  the  3d  ed.  of  Pt.  1,  and  the  2d  ed.  of  Pt.  2,) 
in  the  Oxf.  Lib.  of  Anglo-Cath.  Theol,  1847,  2  vols.  Svo. 

"  A  work  which,  though  now  little  read,  contains  many  useful 
truths  and  great  learning,  combined,  we  admit,  with  some  opinions 
which  we  cannot  receive,  and  with  assertions  to  which  we  can  affix 
no  distinct  meaning." — British  Critic. 

5.  Collect,  of  Eccles.  Laws,  1720,  2  vols.  Svo.  New  ed., 
1850,  2  vols.  8vo.  6.  The  Life  of  J.  Johnson,  by  Rev.  Thos. 
Brett.  With  three  of  his  Tracts  and  Corresp.,  1748,  Svo. 
See  Life,  by  Dr.  Brett,  Genl.  Diet. ;  Biog.  Brit. 

Johnson,  John,  minister  in  Liverpool,  pub.  a  number 
of  theolog.  treatises  and  semis.,  Lon.,  1755-81. 

Johnson,  John.  1.  Military  Estab.  of  the  K.  of 
Prussia;  from  the  French,  Lon.,  1780,  Svo.  2.  Trifles  in 
Verse,  1796,  Svo. 

Johnson,  John.    Laws  rel.  to  Gaming,  <fcc.,  1787,  Svo. 

Johnson,  John,  LL.D.,  Vicar  of  North  Mimms,  sub 
sequently  Rector  of  Yaxham,  pub.  two  serms.,  1794,  '95, 
edited  his  kinsman  Cowper's  trans,  of  the  Iliad  and  Odys 
sey,  1802,  4  vols.  Svo,  his  Poems  and  Life,  1815,  and  his 
Private  Correspondence,  1824,  2  vols.  Svo. 

Johnson,  John.     Agricult.  Improvements,  1814. 

Johnson,  John.  Journey  from  India  to  England  in 
1817,  Lon.,  1848,  Svo.  This  was  trans,  into  French. 

Johnson,  John,  a  native  of  Cheshire.  Typographi 
cal  and  Literary  Antiquities  of  G.  Britain,  from  the  Infancy 
of  Printing,  Lon.,  1824;  three  sizes, — viz.:  2  vols.  32mo, 
£1  10s.;  2  vols.  12rno,  £3;  2  vols.  8vo,  £4  4s.  In  this 
work  Mr.  J.  was  assisted  by  Drs.  Dibclin,  Wilkins,  and  Fry, 
the  Rev.  H.  Baber,  <fcc.  It  is  a  valuable  work. 

Johnson,  L.  I>.  Memoria  Technica:  Art  of  Abbre 
viating  Difficult  Studies,  Bost.,  1847,  Svo.  This  work, 
which  has  reached  the  3d  ed.,  is  highly  commended  by  the 
N.  York  Teacher's  Advocate,  <fcc. 

Johnson,  Laura.  Botanical  Teacher,  N.  Haven, 
1834,  12mo. 

Johnson,  Louisa.  1.  Practical  Family  Cookery, 
Jjou.,  1839,  12rno.  2.  Every  Lady  her  own  Flower-Gar 
dener;  llth  ed.,  Lon.,  1855,  ISmo.  14th  ed.  since  pub. 

"  All  lady  floriculturists  should  possess  it." — Naval  and  Military 
Gazette. 

Johnson,  M.  J.  Astronomical  Observations  at  Ox 
ford,  Oxf.,  1845-55,  13  vols.  r.  8vo,  £7  16s. 

Johnson,  Mary  F.     Poems,  Lon.,  1810,  12mo. 

Johnson,  Matthew.     Norfolk  Pilgrim,  1703,  Svo. 

Johnson,  Maurice,  d.  1755,  an  antiquary  of  Spalding, 
Lincolnshire,  contributed  papers  to  Phil.  Trans.,  Trans,  of 
Soc.  of  Antiquaries  of  London,  and  the  Gentleman's  Lite 
rary  Society  of  Spalding,  of  which  he  was  the  founder. 
See  Hist,  of  the  Spalding  Society ;  Nichols's  Lit.  Anec. ; 
Minutes  of  the  Soc.  of  Antiquaries,  London.  He  collected 
memoirs  for  the  History  of  Carausius. 


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Johnson,  O.  W.,  and  Rev.  W.  Winfield.    The 

Poultry  Book,  N.  York,  1856,  r.  Svo :  22  plates. 

Johnson,  R.,  D.D.     Apology  for  the  Clergy,  1759,  4to. 

Johnson,  R.  1.  Study  of  History,  Lon.,  1772,  12ino. 
2.  New  Gazettes;  or, Geographical  Companion,  1776, 12mo. 

Johnson,  R.  G.  An  Historical  Account  of  the  First 
Settlement  at  Salem,  in  West  Jersey,  Phila.,  1839,  24mo. 

Johnson,  Ralph.     Orthography,  &c.,  1663,  '77. 

Johnson,  Richard,  pub.  several  works,  now  very 
rare,  among  which  are — 1.  The  Nine  Worthies  of  London, 
Lon.,  1592,  4to.  This  vol.,  in  prose  and  verse,  is  reprinted 
in  Harleian  Miscellany.  Bibl.  Anglo-Poet.,  404,  £25.  .2. 
Conceites  of  Old  Hobson,  1607,  4to.  3.  The  Famous  His 
toric  of  the  Seven  Champions  of  Christendom,  4to;  again, 
1696,  4  to. 

"  Of  rather  a  superior  cast :  the  adventures  are  not  original,  but 
it  is  by  no  means  a  translation  from  any  single  work." — Jfallam't 
Lit.  Hist,  of  Europe,  4th  ed.,  1854,  ii.  218. 

Johnson,  Richard,  d.  1720,  teacher  at  Nottingham, 
England,  1707-20,  pub.  several  grammatical  works,  <fcc., 
1703-17. 

Johnson,  Robert.  Essaies;  or,  rather,  Imperfect 
Offers,  Lon.,  1607,  18ino. 

"  Very  sensible,  acute,  and  ingenious  disquisitions." — Brydges's 
Bestituta,  iv.  112-119,  q.  v. 

Johnson,  Robert.  Relations  of  the  most  famous 
Kingdoms  and  Commonwealths,  Lon.,  1616  4to. 

Johnson,  Robert.     Senas.,  1621,  '24,  '27,  all  4to. 

Johnson,  Robert.     Med.  treatises,  1684,  <fcc. 

Johnson,  Robert.     Trial  of  Passingham,  &c.,  1805. 

Johnson,  Robert  W.,  M.D.    Med.  works,  Ac.,  1786. 

Johnson,  S.     Poems,  Lon.,  1771,  '72,  '81. 

Johnson,  Samuel,  1649-1703,  a  native  of  Warwick 
shire,  educated  at  Trinity  Coll.,  Cambridge,  Rector  of  Cor- 
ringbam,  Essex,  1670,  and  subsequently  chaplain  to  Lord 
William  Russell,  distinguished  himself  by  his  courageous 
opposition  to  the  despotism  of  James  II.  and  this  monarch's 
efforts  to  extend  Popery  in  Great  Britain.  He  pub.  several 
controversial  treatises  and  sermons,  of  which  a  collective 
ed.,  with  his  life,. was  pub.  in  1710,  fol.;  in  1713,  fol. ;  and 
again  in  1737,  fol.  In  1682,  he  pub.  Julian  the  Apostate, 
intended «to  disprove  the  doctrine  of  passive  obedience  to 
the  government.  This  work  was  (as  we  have  already  seen, 
p.  841  of  this  Dictionary)  answered  by  Dr.  George  Hickes, 
in  his  Jovian,  1673,  Svo.  But  it  was  more  effectually  an 
swered  by  the  powers  that  be,  for  the  zealous  partisan  was 
sentenced  to  pay  a  fine  of  500  marks,  and  was  thrown  into 
prison  until  he  should  discharge  it.  Nothing  daunted  by 
this,  Johnson  again  took  up  his  pen,  and  in  1686,  at  the 
instigation  of  Hugh  Speke,  a  fellow-prisoner,  drew  up  an 
Address  to  the  Protestants  in  the  King's  Army,  (then  en 
camped  on  Hounslow  Heath,)  urging  them  not  to  obey 
illegally-commissioned  officers. 

"  for  both  these  publications,  his  spirit  was,  doubtless,  deserving 
of  the  highest  applause."— SIR  JAMES  MACKINTOSH  :  Review  of  ttie 
Causes  of  the  Revolution  of  1688. 

The  government  thought  otherwise:  "Julian  Johnson" 
(for  so  he  was  now  called)  was  sentenced  to  stand  thrice  on 
the  pillory,  and  to  be  whipped  from  Newgate  to  Tyburn. 
This  barbarous  sentence  was  carried  into  execution,  and 
three  hundred  and  seventeen  stripes  failed  to  make  the 
patriot  wince.  After  the  Revolution,  he  was  compensated 
by  King  William  for  his  sufferings.  At  least  he  received 
a  present  of  £1000,  a  pension  of  £300  a  year  for  two  lives, 
and  his  son  was  taken  into  the  public  service.  ( 

"  His  morals  were  pure,  his  religious  feelings  ardent,  his  learning 
and  abilities  not  contemptible,  his  judgment  weak,  his  temper  acri 
monious,  turbulent,  and  unconquerably  stubborn." — T.B.MACAULAY  : 
Hist,  of  England,  vol.  i. 

See  also  vol.  Hi.,  and  authorities  cited  in  both  vols. ;  Biog. 
Brit. ;  Genl.  Diet. ;  Birch's  Life  of  Tiliotson  ;  Kettlewell's 
Life;  Comber's  Life  of  Comber;  Chalmers's  Biog.  Diet.; 
Mackintosh,  ubi  supra. 

John  Dryden,  whose  impure  muse  and  time-serving 
spirit  could  neither  understand  nor  respect  a  man  of  John 
son's  purity  and  dauntless  courage,  disgraced  himself  by 
endeavouring  to  ridicule  "Ben  Jochanan,"  as  he  called 
the  author  of  Julian,  but  we  have  ample  testimonies  of  the 
excellence  of  the  latter: 

"  I  never  knew  a  man  of  better  sense,  of  a  more  innocent  life,  or 
of  greater  virtue,  than  Mr.  Samuel  Johnson." — John  Hampden  to 
the  Duchess  of  Mazarine. 

The  works  of  Johnson  are  by  no  means  to  be  despised, 
even  in  our  day. 

"  A  very  remarkable  writer.  I  do  not  know  where  I  could  put 
my  hand  upon  a  book  containing  so  much  sense  and  sound  consti 
tutional  doctrine  as  this  thin  folio  of  Johnson's." — S.  T.  COLERIDGE. 

Johnson,  Samuel,  Vicar  'of  Great,  and  Rector  of 
Little,  Torrington,  pub.  a  number  of  separate  serms., 
Thirty-Six  Select  Discourses,  Lon.,  1740,  2  vols.  Svo,  and 


an  Explanation  of  Scripture  Prophecies,  Reading,  1742, 
2  vols.  8vo. 

Johnson,  Samuel,  an  actor,  d.  1773,  was  the  author 
of  Hurlothrumbo,  11  Comedy,  some  other  dramatic  pieces, 
Ac.,  1729-41.  See  Biog.  Dramat. 

Johnson,  Samuel,  D.D.,  1696-1772,  a  native  of 
Guilford,  Conn.,  grad.  at  Yale  College,  1714;  minister  of 
West  Haven,  1720  ;  received  Episcopal  ordination  in  Eng 
land,  1723,  and  in  November  of  the  same  year  settled  at 
Stratford,  Connecticut,  as  a  missionary;  President  (the 
first)  of  King's  College,  New  York,  1755  to  '63,  when  he 
returned  to  his  old  charge  at  Stratford.  He  pub.  several 
controversial  tracts  in  favour  of  Episcopacy,  1733,  Ac.;  a 
System  of  Morality,  1746;  a  Compendium  of  Logic,  1752; 
a  Sermon,  an  English  Grammar,  and  a  Catechism,  1765; 
a  Hebrew  Grammar,  1767;  and  some  tbeolog.  treatises. 
See  his  Life,  by  Rev.  Dr.  Thos.  B.  Chandler,  1805;  again, 
Lon.,  1824,  Svo. 

Johnson,  Samuel,  LL.D.,  Sept.  18,  1709-Dec.  13, 
1784,  one  of  the  most  distinguished  writers  of  any  age  or 
country,  was  a  native  of  Lichfield,  where  his  father  carried 
on  the  business  of  a  bookseller  with  more  respectability 
than  profit.  After  a  course  of  preparatory  instruction  in 
Mr.  Hunter's  academy  in  his  native  town,  and  at  Mr.  West- 
worth's  school  at  Stourbridge,  he  was  in  bis  nineteenth 
year  (1728)  entered  of  Pembroke  College,  Oxford,  where 
he  remained  for  three  years,  returning  home  without  a 
degree  in  1731.  In  1732,  he  became  usher  to  a  school  in 
Market-Bosworth,  but  found  this  appointment  so  distaste 
ful  that  in  a  few  months  he  threw  it  up,  and  removed  to 
Birmingham,  where  he  found  partial  employment  as  con 
tributor  to  a  newspaper  published  by  a  Mr.  Warren,  a  book 
seller  of  that  place.  It  was  for  this  gentleman  that  he 
composed  his  first  published  work — an  abridged  translation 
into  English  from  the  French  of  Father  Lobo's  Voyage 
into  Abyssinia.  His  reward  for  this  performance  was  the 
inconsiderable  sum  of  five  guineas.  In  1736,  he  was  mar 
ried  to  Mrs.  Porter,  the  widow  of  a  Lichfield  trader, — a  lady 
of  vulgar  manners,  loud  voice,  florid  complexion,  and  nearly 
double  his  age,  and  with  eight  hundred  pounds  sterling 
in  the  funds.  The  newly-married  pair  thought  that  this 
small  fortune  could  not  be  better  employed  than  in  the 
fitting  up  of  an  academy  at  Edial,  near  Lichfield;  and  ac 
cordingly  the  public  was  soon  advised  of  the  opening  of 
an  institution  which,  fortunately  for  the  cause  of  letters, 
was  destined  soon  to  be  closed.  Three  pupils  only — David 
Garrick  and  bis  brother  being  two — "thronged  the  doors" 
of  this  respectable  seminary.  Disgusted  with  the  indiffer 
ence  or  incredulity  of  his  townsmen,  the  dominie  deter 
mined  to  try  a  better  market  for  his  talents  and  learning, 
and  in  1737,  accompanied  by  one  of  his  pupils, — he  who  in 
after-years  so  long  trod  the  stage  without  a  peer, — he  took 
the  highroad  for  London,  and  from  that  day  became  an 
author  by  profession.  Three  years  before  this  period — that 
is,  in  1734 — he  had  unsuccessfully  sought  an  engagement 
as  contributor  to  The  Gentleman's  Magazine ;  but  he  was 
now  more  fortunate  in  his  efforts,  and  from  March,  1738, 
to  1754,  was  a  regular  coadjutor  to  honest  Edward  Cave, 
in  whose  life  in  this  Dictionary  we  have  already  referred 
to  this  profitable  connexion.  At  times,  indeed,  the  poor 
scholar  was  reduced  so  low  in  his  finances  as  to  be  obliged 
to  live  upon  fourpence  halfpenny  per  day,  and  then  roam 
the  streets  at  night  with  Savage,  or  some  other  brother  in 
misfortune,  for  want  of  a  lodging. 

In  1738,  Johnson  was  employed  upon  a  translation  of 
Father  Paul  Sarpi's  History  of  the  Council  of  Trent,  which 
was  discontinued  by  Dodsley  and  Cave  in  consequence  of 
a  rival  translation  by  another  Samuel  Johnson.  It  was  in 
May  of  this  year,  1738,  that  our  author  gave  to  the  world 
London,  a  Poem,  in  imitation  of  the  Third  Satire  of  Ju 
venal;  a  production  which  was  so  immediately  successful, 
that,  to  quote  the  quaint  language  of  a  critic  in  the  Gen 
tleman's  Magazine,  it  became  "remarkable  for  having  got 
to  the  second  edition  in  the  space  of  a  week."  It  so  hap 
pened  that  London  appeared  in  the  same  day  with  Pope's 
Satire  of  1738,  and  the  youthful  author  had  no  reason  to 
regret  the  coincidence,  for  people  said,  "  Here  is  an  un 
known  poet  greater  even  than  Pope." 

Pope  set  young  Richardson  to  work  to  find  out  who  this 
formidable  rival  was.  Richardson  reported  that  he  had 
discovered  only  that  "his  name  was  Johnson,  and  that  he 
was  some  obscure  man."  "  He  will  soon  be  deterre,"  re 
plied  Pope.  This  was  not  the  only  instance  in  which  he 
displayed  a  commendable  generosity  to  the  rising  star,  for 
from  the  perusal  of  London  alone  he  recommended  him  to 
Earl  Gowerwhen  Johnson  (in  thenextyear)  sought  a  degree 
"to  qualify  him  for  the  mastership  of  a  charity-school." 


JOH 


JOH 


Of  this  and  of  some  later  portions  of  Johnson's  life 
we  find  some  notices  contributed  by  ourselves  some  years 
since  to  Putnam's  Magazine,  (New  York,  April,  1854,)  and 
from  these  memoranda  we  shall  not  hesitate  to  quote  when 
it  suits  our  purpose. 

The  similarity  between  London  and  Pope's  satirical  vein 
is  very  observable.  The  Vanity  of  Human  Wishes  essays 
a  more  dignified  strain.  Garrick  accounts  for  this  in  his 
own  facetious  manner: 

"  When  Johnson  lived  much  with  the  Herveys,  and  saw  a  good 
deal  of  what  was  passing  in  life,  he  wrote  his  London,  which  is 
lively  and  easy;  when  he  became  more  retired,  he  gave  us  his 
Vanity  of  Human  Wishes,  which  is  as  hard  as  Greek:  had  he 
gone  on  to  imitate  another  satire,  it  would  have  been  as  hard  as 
Hebrew." 

And  yet,  flippant  little  David,  thy  old  schoolmaster 
wrote  a  hundred  lines  a  day  of  this  poem,  if  it  is  all  Greek 
to  thee.  Hard  as  it  was  to  thee,  it  softened  a  greater  man 
to  tears,  for  Walter  Scott  tells  us, 

"The  deep  and  pathetic  morality  of  The  Vanity  of  Human 
"Wishes  has  often  extracted  tears  from  those  whose  eyes  wander  dry 
over  pages  professedly  sentimental." 

Ay,  it  drew  tears  from  the  eyes  of  the  author  himself! 
George"Lewis  Scott  describes  a  very  interesting  little  family- 
gathering  at  Thrale's,  when  Dr.  Johnson  read  aloud  his 
satire  :  whilst  recounting  the  difficulties  of  the  poor,  strug 
gling  scholar,  he  "burst  into  a  passion  of  tears."  Poor 
fellow  !  he  remembered  those  days  when  he  subscribed  him 
self  impransus.  No  longer  subject  to  the  pangs  of  hunger, 
he  now  had  all  that  heart  could  wish, — plenty,  "honour, 
love,  obedience,  troops  of  friends ;"  but  his  mind  reverted 
to  those  bitter  days  of  penury  when  he  wandered  in  the 
streets  for  want  of  a  lodging,  and,  in  the  garb  of  poverty, 
devoured  his  dinner,  furnished  by  the  hand  of  charity, 
behind  the  curtain  at  good  Mr.  Cave's  !  How  had  his  con 
dition  changed !  We  need  not  marvel  at  those  outpourings 
of  a  grateful  heart  which  gush  forth  in  his  quiet  hours 
of  meditation  and  solemn  seasons  of  prayer.  The  great 
Being  on  whose  guidance  and  protection  he  had  confi 
dently  relied  in  the  day  of  destitution  and  hour  of  trial 
had  not  disappointed  his  hopes.  He  had  "brought  him 
to  great  honour,  and  comforted  him  on  every  side."  This 
he  deeply  felt,  and,  however  at  times  arrogant  and  harsh 
to  his  fellow-meri,  he  ever,  as  Bishop  Home  well  says, 
"walked  humbly  before  the  Lord  his  God." 

Johnson  had  no  little  difficulty  in  finding  a  publisher 
for  London,  but  at  last  Dodsley  ventured  to  purchase  it 
for  the  magnificent  sum  of  ten  guineas !  The  author 
speaks  of  this  as  no  inconsiderable  price  for  it: 

' '  I  might,  perhaps,"  he  says,  "  have  accepted  of  less,  but  that 
Paul  Whitehead  had  a  little  before  got  ten  guineas  for  a  poem,  and 
I  would  not  take  less  than  Paul  Whitehead." 

In  1744,  the  reputation  of  the  young  author  was  greatly 
increased  by  the  publication  of  the  Life  of  Richard  Savage, 
and  this  admirable  biography  was  followed  in  1746  by  a 
Plan  of  the  Dictionary  of  the  English  Language;  in  1749, 
by  the  representation  of  the  tragedy  of  Irene,  and  the 
publication  of  The  Vanity  of  Human  Wishes;  and  in 
1750-52,  by  the  issue  of  the  Rambter.  The  Dictionary 
was  given  to  the  world  in  1755 ;  the  Idler  dates  from  April 
5.  1758,  to  April  5,  1760;  Rasselas  was  pub.  in  1759;  the 
edition  of  Shakspeare,  with  Notes,  in  1765;  The  False 
Alarm  in  1770;  Thoughts  on  the  late  Transactions  re 
specting  Falkland  Islands,  1771 ;  A  Journey  to  the  Western 
Islands  of  Scotland,  and  The  Patriot,  in  1774;  Taxation 
no  Tyranny,  in  1775;  and  the  Lives  of  the  English  Poets, 
his  last  production  of  any  importance,  (and  which  he  had 
commenced  in  1777,)  in  1779-81.  The  Poets  in  this 
collection  commence  with  Cowley,  and,  with  the  exception 
of  Blackmore,  Watts,  Pomfret,  and  Yalden,  were  chosen 
by  the  booksellers,  whose  original  design  went  no  further 
than  the  preparation  of  Biographical  Prefaces  to  the  selec 
tion  of  British  poetry  which  they  were  about  giving  to 
the  world.  This  meagre  project  was  happily  enlarged  by 
the  skill  and  taste  of  the  editor.  The  lives  of  Savage, 
Cowley,  Milton,  Gray,  Dryden,  and  Pope,  are  considered 
the  best  in  point  of  literary  workmanship.  The  ed.  of  The 
Poets  to  which  they  were  originally  prefixed,  1779-81,  was 
in  60  vols.  sin.  8vo,  price,  £7  10«.  A  2d  ed.  was  pub.  in 
1790,  in  75  vols.  12mo. 

A  chronological  and  detailed  list  of  Johnson's  writings 
—which  we  think  it  unnecessary  to  quote  in  this  place — 
will  be  found  in  the  Appendix  to  Boswell's  Life  of  John- 
eon, — a  work  which  has  made  the  life  of  the  great  lexico 
grapher  so  familiar  to  general  readers,  that  some  brevity 
on  our  part  may  well  be  excused.  In  1762,  a  pension  of 
£300,  conferred  by  George  III.,  placed  the  author  of  the 
Rambler  in  circumstances  of  comparative  affluence,  and 
enabled  him  to  pass  his  remaining  days  without  being  sub- 


jected  to  that  harassing  literary  drudgery  for  which  few 

men  were  so  ill  qualified,  and  still  fewer  would  have  so 

bravely  endured.     We  must  not  forget  to  mention,  before 

|  leaving  this  division  of  our  subject,  that  in  1755  Johnson 

received  the  degree  of  M.A.  from  the  University  of  Oxford; 

the  title  of  Doctor  of  Laws  from  Trinity  College,  Dublin, 

j  in    1762;    and   the    same    compliment   from    Oxford    in 

1775. 

The  only  complete  edition  of  Johnson's  Works  is  that 
pub.  at  Oxford,  by  Talboys  and  Wm.  Pickering,  in  1825, 
i  iji  11  vols.  8vo, — The  Oxford  Classic  Edition.  The  con- 
:  tents  are  as  follows:  Vol.  I.  Life;  Poems;  Rasselas;  Let 
ters;  II.,  III.  Rambler;  IV.  Adventurer;  Idler;  V.  Mis 
cellaneous  Pieces;  VI.  Reviews;  Political  Tracts;  Lives  of 
Eminent  Persons;  VII.  Lives  of  the  Poets:  Cowley,  Den- 
ham,  Milton,  Butler,  Rochester,  Roscoinmon,  Otvvay, 
Waller,  Pomfret,  Dorset,  Stepney,  J.  Philips,  Walsh,  Dry- 
den,  Smith,  Duke,  King,  Sprat,  Halifax,  Parnell,  Garth, 
Rowe,  Addison,  Hughes,  and  Sheffield ;  VIII.  Lives  of  the 
Poets:  Prior,  Congreve,  Blackmore,  Fenton,  Gay,  Gran- 
ville,  Yalden,  Tickell,  Hammond,  Somervile,  Savage,  Swift, 
Broome,  Pope,  Pitt,  Thomson,  Watts,  A.  Philips,  West, 
Collins,  Dyer,  Shenstone,  Young,  Mallet,  Akenside,  Gray, 
and  Lyttelton  ;  IX.  Journey  to  the  Hebrides ;  Vision  of 
Theodoric ;  The  Fountains,  a  Fairy  Tale;  Prayers  and 
Meditations;  Sermons;  Index  to  vols.  i.-ix. ;  X.,  XL  Par 
liamentary  Debates,  1740-43. 

We  are  now  to  consider  the  distinguished  subject  of  our 
notice:  1,  as  a  Poet;  2,  as  an  Essayist;  3,  as  a  Lexico 
grapher;  4,  as  a  Critic.  We  shall  also  briefly  review — 5, 
the  peculiarities  of  his  st3'le;  6,  his  appearance,  man 
ners,  and  conversation ;  7,  his  moral  and  religious  cha 
racter. 

1.  DR.  JOHNSON  AS  A  POET. 

"  Read  Johnson's  Vanity  of  Human  Wishes, — all  the  examples 
and  mode  of  giving  them  sublime,  as  well  as  the  latter  part,  with 
the  exception  of  an  occasional  couplet.  I  do  not  much  admire  tho 
opening.  I  remember  an  observation  of  Sharpe's,  (the  Conversa 
tionist,  as  he  was  called  in  London,  and  a  very  clever  man,)  that 
the  first  line  of  his  poem  was  superfluous,  and  that  Pope  (the  very 
best  of  poets,  1  think)  would  have  begun  at  once,  only  changing 
the  punctuation, —  • 

" '  Survey  mankind  from  China  to  Peru.' 

"  The  former  line,  '  Let  observation,'  &c.  is  certainly  heavy  and 
useless.  But  'tis  a  grand  poem — and  so  true  I  true  as  the  tenth  of 
Juvenal  himself.  The  lapse  of  ages  changes  all  things, — time — 
language — the  earth — the  bounds  of  the  sea — the  stars  of  the  sky, 
and  every  thing  'about,  around,  and  underneath'  man,  except  man 
himself,  who  has  always  been,  and  always  will  be,  an  unlucky  ras 
cal.  The  infinite  variety  of  lives  conducts  but  to  death,  and  tho 
infinity  of  wishes  leads  but  to  disappointment." — LORD  BYRON: 
Ravenna  Diary,  Jan.  9, 1821. 

James  Ballantyne  remarks  of  Sir  Walter  Scott, — a  com 
ment  of  whose  upon  the  pathos  of  The  Vanity  of  Human 
Wishes  we  have  already  quoted  : 

"  He  had  often  said  to  me,  that  neither  his  own  nor  any  modern 
popular  style  of  composition  was  that  from  which  he  derived  most 
pleasure.  I  asked  him  what  it  Was.  He  answered,  Johnson's ;  and 
that  he  had  more  pleasure  in  reading  London,  and  the  Vanity  of 
Human  Wishes,  than  any  other  poetical  composition  he  could  men 
tion  ;  and  I  think  I  never  saw  his  countenance  more  indicative  of 
high  admiration,  than  while  reciting  aloud  from  these  productions." 
—Lockharfs  Scott. 

Lockhart  tells  us  that  the  last  line  of  MS.  that  Scott 
sent  to  the  press  was  a  quotation  from  The  Vanity  of 
Human  Wishes. 

"Yet,"  continues  Lockhart,  "it  is  the  cant  of  our  day — 
above  all,  of  its  poetasters — that  Johnsdn  was  no  poet. 
To-be-sure,  they  say  the  same  of  Pope, — and  hint  it  occa 
sionally  even  of  Dryden." 

"  Juvenal  has  been  translated  by  Dryden :  but  the  mere  English 
reader  will  derive  the  best  conception  of  the  manner  of  this  noble 
satirist  from  the  admirable  imitations  of  Dr.  Johnson,  which  are 
beyond  all  praise.  Mr.  Murphy  and  Mr.  Lewis  have  likewise  lately 
published  imitations  of  this  poet,  which  possess  much  merit,  though 
certainly  far  inferior  to  the  spirited  productions  of  Johnson." — DR. 
DRAKE. 

"  Perused  Johnson's  London  and  Vanity  of  Human  Wishes.  His 
numbers  are  strong  in  sense,  and  smooth  in  flow,  but  want  that 
varied  grace  and  inextinguishable  spirit  which  constitute  the  es 
sential  charm  of  Pope's." — Green's  Diary  of  a  Lover  of  Lit.,  Ips 
wich,  1810,  65. 

"  Dr.  Johnson's  London,  a  Satire,  is  a  noble  poem.  But  his  great 
moral  genius  was  constrained  in  composition  by  the  perpetual  pa 
rody  on  his  powerful  prototype,  Juvenal.  To  have-shown  so  much 
genius  and  so  much  ingenuity  at  one  and  the  same  time,  to  have 
been  so  original  even  in  imitation,  places  him  in  the  highest  order 
of  minds.  But  his  range  was  here  circumscribed ;  for  he  had  to 
move  parallel  with  the  Roman, — finding  out  in  every  passage  cor 
responding  and  kindred  sins, — and  in  order  to  preserve — which  h« 
did  wondrously — the  similitude — 

'  To  bridle  in  his  struggling  muse  with  pain, 
Which  long'd  to  launch  into  a  nobler  strain.' " 
PROFESSOR  WILSON:   Blackw.  Mag.,  June,  1828;   and  his  Essay* 
Critical  and  Imaginative,  Edin.  and  Lon.,  1856,  i.  230. 

"  That  his  tragedy  [Irene]  was  a  great  failure  on  the  stage  ha* 


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been  already  related ;  that  it  is  of  extreme  dulness,  of  a  monotony 
altogether  insufterable,  and  therefore  tires  out  the  reader's  patience 
quite  as  much  as  it  did  the  auditor's,  is  true ;  that  most  of  his 
lesser  pieces  are  only  things  of  easy  and  of  fairly-successful  execu 
tion  is  likewise  certain,  with  perhaps  the  exception  of  his  verses  on 
Kobert  Levett's  death,  which  have  a  sweetness  and  tenderness  sel 
dom  found  in  any  of  his  compositions.  But,  had  he  never  written 
any  thing  after  the  Imitations  of  Juvenal,  his  name  would  have 
gone  down  to  posterity  as  a  poet  of  great  excellence, — one  who  only 
did  not  reach  equal  celebrity  with  Pope,  because  he  came  after  him, 
and  did  not  assiduously  court  the  muse. 

"  In  truth,  these  two  pieces  are  admirable,  both  for  their  matter, 
their  diction,  and  their  versification.  .  .  .  Of  Johnson's  La  tin  verses 
it  remains  to  speak,  and  they  assuredly  do  not  rise  to  the  level  of 
his  English,  nor  indeed  above  mediocrity.  The  translation  of  Pope's 
Messiah,  however,  a  work  of  his  boyhood,  gave  a  promise  not  ful 
filled  in  his  riper  years." — LORD  BROUGHAM  :  Lives  of  Men  of  Let 
ters  of  the  Time  of  George  III. 

2.  DR.  JOHNSON  AS  AN  ESSAYIST. 
Under  the  head  of  essays,  we  may,  without  much  vio 
lence  to  strict  classification,  add  Johnson's  political  pamph 
lets,  his  Parliamentary  Debates,  and  his  tale  of  Rasselas, 
to  the  periodical  papers  of  the  Rambler,  the  Idler,  <fcc. 
The  first  number  of  the  Rambler  was  pub.  on  Tuesday, 
March  20,  1749-50,  and  the  last  on  Saturday  the  17th 
(14th,  in  fact)  March,  1752,  208  numbers  in  all,  issued 
every  Tuesday  and  Saturday,  without  the  loss  of  a  single 
publication-day.  Would  that  all  authors  who  seek  to 
advance  the  interests  of  religion  and  morality  were  as 
conscientious  as  the  author  of  The  Rambler,  in  imploring 
the  aid  of  divine  grace,  "  without  which  nothing  is  strong, 
nothing  is  holy."  "Grant,  I  beseech  thee,"  supplicates 
the  pious  writer,  "  that  in  this  undertaking  thy  Holy  Spirit 
may  not  be  withheld  from  me,  but  that  I  may  promote  thy 
glory,  and  the  salvation  of  myself  and  others."  The  Ram 
bler  excited  but  little  attention  at  first.  Croker  seems  to 
question  Payne's  assertion  to  Chalmers,  that  Richardson's 
essay,  No.  97,  was  the  "only  paper  which  had  a  prosper 
ous  sale  and  was  popular."  But  the  ladies  will  side  with 
Payne,  when  they  discover  by  inspection  what  "No.  97" 
is  about.  We  shall  not  inform  them,  and  indeed  we  strictly 
forbid  any  of  our  female  readers  to  turn  to  this  mysterious 
paper.  If  in  this  Blue-Beard  prohibition  we  meet  with  the 
same  measure  of  obedience  which  was  accorded  to  the 
gentleman  just  named,  we  ought  not  to  be  surprised.  The 
good  Doctor  was  sorely  put  to  it  to  find  a  name  for  his 
child.  He  told  Sir  Joshua  Reynolds, 

"What  must  be  done,  sir,  will  be  done.  When  I  began  publish 
ing  that  paper  I  was  at  a  loss  how  to  name  it.  I  sat  down  at  night 
upon  my  bedside,  and  resolved  that  I  would  not  go  to  sleep  till  I 
had  fixed  its  title.  Tke  Rambler  seemed  the  best  that  occurred, 
and  I  took  it." 

The  Doctor  wrote  the  whole  of  the  208  papers,  with  the 
exception  of  four  billets  in  No.  10,  by  Miss  Mulso,  (after 
wards  Mrs.  Chapone;)  No.  30,  by  Mrs.  Catherine  Talbot; 
No.  97,  by  Richardson ;  and  Nos.  44  and  100,  by  Elizabeth 
Carter.  Of  Johnson's  204,  thirty  only  were  "worked  up" 
from  previously-prepared  materials.  After  a  time,  the 
Rambler  gained  the  public  ear;  and,  this  secured,  the 
public  voice  soon  followed.  Cave,  the  publisher  of  the 
paper,  received  a  number  of  commendatory  letters,  news 
paper-verses  appeared  in  its  praise,  a«d  James  Elphinston 
(see  p.  555  of  this  Dictionary)  superintended  an  Edinburgh 
edition,  which  followed  the  London  issue.  Richardson 
wrote  to  Cave  that  Johnson  was  the  only  man  who  could 
write  them  ;  which  Cave  admitted,  but  complained  that, 
good  as  they  were,  they  were  very  slow  sale.  Even  cor 
pulent  Mrs.  Rambler,  who  had  never  been  suspected  of 
very  exquisite  literary  sensibilities,  was  moved  by  these 
effusions  of  the  "  gude  man's,"  and  rewarded  his  labours 
with  the  very  handsome  speech, — "  I  thought  very  well 
of  you  before,  but  I  did  not  imagine  you  could  have 
written  any  thing  equal  to  this." 

Notwithstanding  the  tardy  sale  at  first,  the  author  had 
the  satisfaction  of  surviving  ten  editions  in  London  alone. 
We  must  not  conceal  the  fact  that  some  unreasonable 
beings  complained  of  the  erudite  dignity  of  the  style, 
and  declared  that  the  author  (a  true  "Yankee  trick"  it 
\vould  now  be  called)  used  the  hard  words  in  the  Rambler 
in  order  to  render  his  Dictionary — of  which  the  Pros 
pectus  had  been  issued  a  short  time  before — indispen 
sably  necessary. 

Edmund  Burke,  who,  like  most  truly  great  men,  ex 
celled  in  wit  and  humour,  said  that  Johnson's  ladies — his 
Misellas,  Lorimas,  Properantias,  and  Rhodoclias — were 
all  "Johnsons  in  petticoats."  This  is  much  of  a  piece 
with  Goldsmith's  telling  Johnson  that  if  he  were  to  com 
pose  a  work  in  which  little  fishes  had  to  converse,  he 
would  make  them  all  talk  like  great  whales! 

In  his  contributions  to  the  Adventurer,  the  Doctor  uses 
the  stilts  less;  he  walks  more, — perhaps  occasionally  runs. 


Yet  majestic  diction  was  as  natural  to  a  man  who  thought 
in  rounded  periods  as  was  a  disjointed  chaos  of  the  parts 
of  speech  to  many  of  his  critics.  So  far  from  the  elabo 
rate  verbal  architecture,  anxiously  built  up  and  painfully 
cemented,  which  the  reader  supposed,  the  Ramblers  were 
written  just  as  they  were  wanted  for  the  press;  indeed,  at 
times  the  first  half  was  in  type  before  the  remainder  was 
on  paper. 

Boswell  relates  an  amusing  anecdote  relative  to  the 
Italian  edition  of  the  Rambler: 

"  A  foreign  minister,  of  no  very  high  talente,  who  had  been  in 
the  company  for  a  considerable  time,  quite  overlooked,  happened 
luckily  to  mention  that  he  had  read  some  of  hia  Rambler  in 
Italian,  and  admired  it  much.  This  pleased  him  [Johnson]  greatly. 
He  observed  that  the  title  had  been  translated  11  Genio  Errante, 
though  I  have  been  told  it  was  rendered,  more  ludicrously,  II 
Vagabando ;  and,  finding  that  this  minister  gave  such  a  proof  of 
his  taste,  he  was  all  attention  to  him,  and  on  the  first  remark 
which  he  made,  however  simple,  exclaimed,  'The  ambassador  says 
well;  his  Excellency  observes ;'  and  then  he  expanded  and  enriched 
the  little  tha,t  had  been  said  in  so  strong  a  manner  that  it  appeared 
something  of  consequence.  This  was  exceedingly  entertaining  to 
the  company  who  were  present,  and  many  a  time  afterwards  it  fur 
nished  a  pleasant  topic  of  merriment.  lThe  ambassador  says  well' 
became  a  laughable  term  of  applause  when  no  weighty  matter  had 
been  expressed." 

It  deserves  to  be  noticed  that  the  110th  number  of  the 
Rambler  (on  Repentance)  was  the  means  of  deciding  the 
Rev.  James  Compton,  of  the  English  Benedictine  Monks 
at  Paris,  to  leave  that  body  and  embrace  the  Protestant 
faith.  How  many  devotees  of  the  Greek  Church  it  would 
have  converted  we  have,  unfortunately,  no  means  of 
knowing.  Yet  the  author  thought  at  one  time  that  it 
was  about  having  the  opportunity  presented  to  it.  Some 
how  or  other  he  heard  that  the  Empress  of  Russia  bad 
ordered  a  translation  of  the  Rambler  into  the  Russian 
language : 

"So,"  says  the  author,  with  a  complacent  smile,  "I 
shall  be  read  on  the  banks  of  the  Wolga.  Horace  boasts 
that  his  fame  would  extend  as  far  as  the  banks  of  the 
Rhone ;  now,  the  Wolga  is  farther  from  me  than  the  Rhone 
from  Horace." 

Whether  this  was  the  work  of  some  wicked  wag,  or  not, 
we  cannot  tell;  but  we  believe  that  the  Russian  edition 
of  the  Rambler  is  even  scarcer  than  any  "liber  rarissi- 
mus"  which  tantalizes  the  "helluo  librorum"  in  the 
"choice  catalogues  of  Thomas  Thorpe." 

We  have  seen  how  greatly  the  Rambler  was  admired  in 
the  select  circles  which  gave  law  to  the  Republic  of  Let 
ters  of  that  day.  The  Doctor  fully  endorsed  all  that  was 
said  in  praise  of  his  essays,  and  observed,  not  without 
truth,  of  his  Rambler,  that  he  "had  laboured  to  refine 
our  language  to  grammatical  purity,  and  to  clear  it  from 
colloquial  barbarisms,  licentious  idioms,  and  irregular 
combinations,  and  that  he  has  added  to  the  elegance  of 
its  construction  and  the  harmony  of  its  cadence." 

But  it  is  not  to  be  supposed  that  the  voice  of  admiration 
was  the  only  one  to  be  heard  : 

"  The  Rambler,"  remarks  a  celebrated  literary  and  fashionable 
lady  of  the  day,  "  is  certainly  a  strange  misnomer :  he  always 
plods  in  the  beaten  road  of  his  predecessors,  following  the  Specta 
tor  (with  the  same  pace  as  a  packhorse  would  do  a  hunter)  in  the 
style  that  is  proper  to  lengthen  a  paper.  These  writers  may,  per 
haps,  be  of  service  to  the  public,  which  is  saying  a  great  deal  in 
their  favour.  There  are  numbers  of  both  sexes  who  never  read 
any  thing  but  such  productions,  and  cannot  spare  time  from  doing 
nothing  to  go  through  a  sixpenny  pamphlet.  Such  gentle  readers 
may  be  improved  by  a  moral  hint  which,  though  repeated  over  and 
over  from  generation  to  generation,  they  never  heard  in  their  lives. 
I  should  be  glad  to  know  the  name  of  this  laborious  author." — 
L\DY  MARY  WORTLEY  MONTAGU:  Works,  Lou.,  1803, 5  vols.  8vo;  vol. 
iv.  p.  259. 

"  As  an  essayist,  he  merits  more  consideration,  [than  as  a  poet 
and  dramatist.]  His  Ramblers  are  in  everybody's  hands.  About 
them  opinions  vary,  and  I  rather  believe  the  style  of  these 
essays  is  not  now  considered  as  a  good  model.  This  he  corrected 
in  his  more  advanced  age,  as  may  be  seen  in  his  Lives  of  the 
Poets,  where  his  diction,  though  occasionally  elaborate  and  highly 
metaphorical,  is  not  nearly  so  inflated  and  ponderous  as  in  the 
Ramblers." — Memoirs  of  Rich  and  Cumberland;  Samuel  Johnson. 

"His  Ramblers  are  in  every  body's  hands,"  says  Cum 
berland;  but  his  Memoirs  were  pub.  in  1806,  and  now,  in 
1856, — half  a  century  later, — this  can  no  longer  be  said; — 
nor,  indeed,  could  it  have  been  truly  said,  for  many  years 
past, 

"  Where  is  the  man  who,  having  turned  his  thirtieth  year,  pe 
ruses  Rasselas  or  the  Rambler?"— Dibdin's  Lib.  Oomp.,  ed.  1825, 
617-618. 

"  Nobody  now  reads  the  Rambler  or  the  Idler,  and  the  colossal 
reputation  of  Johnson  rests  almost  entirely  upon  his  profound  and 
caustic  sayings  recorded  in  Boswell." — SIR  ARCHIBALD  ALISON  :  Es 
says,  Polit.  Histor.  and  MisceL,  Edin.  and  Lon.,  1850,  ii.  421. 

But  Sir  Archibald  certainly  speaks  in  haste :  the  Ram 
bler  and  Idler  are  still  read,  and  will  always  be  read,  and 
that  to  the  great  profit  of  the  readers.  We  should  not 


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omit  to  notice,  in  passing,  that  Sir  Archibald  pays  a  high 
compliment  to  the  essays  of  Johnson.  See  Hist,  of  Eu 
rope,  1850-52,  chap.  v. 

In  the  whole  course  of  our  "Johnsonian  readings"  we 
have  met  with  nothing  upon  this  subject  which  pleased  us 
better,  as  a  lucid  exposition  of  the  truth  upon  this  subject, 
than  the  following  remarks  of  a  learned  American  di- 
vin«,  —  one  of  the  most  profound  thinkers,  and  certainly 
one  of  the  best  writers,  of  the  age  : 

"  It  has  been  asked,  with  emphasis,  '  Who  now  reads  the  Rambler? 
And  it  is  indubitable  that  this  book,  which  once  exerted  so  mighty 
an  influence  on  the  English  language  and  people,  has  given  place, 
at  least  in  general  reading,  to  works  of  far  inferior  merit  and  in 
terest.  The  reason  seems  to  be,  that  its  object  is  wellnigh  accom 
plished.  It  commenced  with  a  standard  of  morals  and  language 
elevated  far  above  the  prevailing  style  of  morals  and  of  writing.  It 
has  elevated  both,  and  has  brought  the  English  language  and  no 
tions  of  morality  to  its  own  level.  Nor  is  it  wonderful  that  men 
should  regard  with  less  interest  a  work  which  now  is  seen  to  have 
no  very  extraordinary  elevation.  It  is  a  component  part  of  Eng 
lish  literature,  having  fixed  itself  in  the  language,  the  style,  and 
the  morals  of  the  English  people,  and  taken  its  place  as  an  inte 
gral,  almost  undistinguished,  part  of  the  national  principles  of 
writing  and  morality.  The  result  is  that,  while  the  benefits  of  the 
Rambler  may  be  diffusing  themselves,  unperceived,  to  almost  all  I 
the  endearments  of  the  fireside  and  virtues  of  the  community,  the 
book  itself  may  be  very  imperfectly  known  and  unfrequently  pe 
rused.  Johnson  may  be  almost  forgotten,  except  in  praise;  but  his  ' 
mighty  power  is  yet  sending  forth  a  mild  influence  over  lands  and 
seas,  like  the  gentle  movements  of  the  dew  and  the  sunbeam."  — 
REV.  ALBERT  BARNES:  Christian  Spectator,  1832;  and  in  his  Miscell. 
Essays  and  Reviews,  N.York,  1855,  i.  126. 

To  the  same  effect  writes  Sir  James  Mackintosh  : 

"  Some  heaviness  and  weariness  must  be  felt  by  most  readers  at 
the  perusal  of  essays  on  life  and  manners,  written  like  the  Ram 
bler  ;  but,  it  ought  never  to  be  forgotten  that  the  two  most  popular 
writers  of  the  eighteenth  century,  Addison  and  Johnson,  were  such 
efficacious  teachers  of  virtue  that  their  writings  may  be  numbered 
among  the  causes  which  in  an  important  degree  have  contributed 
to  preserve  and  to  improve  the  morality  of  the  British  nation."  — 
Mackintosh's  Life,  Lon.,  1835,  2  vols.  8vo. 

"The  publication  of  the  Rambler,  though  not  very  successful 
during  its  progress,  stamped  the  character  of  the  author  as  one  of 
the  first  moral  writers  of  the  age,  and  as  eminently  qualified  to 
write,  and  even  to  improve,  the  English  language."—  SIR  WALTER 
SCOTT  :  Life  of  Samuel  Johnson,  Miscell.  Prose  Works,  Abbotsford 
ed.,  Edin.  and  Lon.,  1850,  iii.  296. 

"It  would  not  be  easy  to  name  a  book  more  tiresome—  indeed, 
more  difficult—  to  read,  or  one  which  gives  moral  lessons  in  a  more 
frigid  tone,  with  less  that  is  lively  or  novel  in  the  matter,  in  a  lan 
guage  more  heavy  and  monotonous.  The  measured  pace,  the  con 
stant  balance  of  the  style,  becomes  quite  intolerable,  for  there  is 
no  interesting  truth  to  be  inculcated  remote  from  common  observa 
tion,  nor  is  there  any  attack  carried  on  against  difficult  positions, 
nor  any  satirical  warfare  maintained  either  with  opinions  or  with 
persons."—  LORD  BROUGHAM:  Lives  of  Men  of  Letters  of  the  Time  of 
George  III.,  Lon.  and  Glasg.,  1855,  347. 

Mr.  Hazlitt  is,  if  possible,  still  more  severe  in  his  stric 
tures  on  the  Rambler.  We  can  quote  but  a  few  lines  of 
his  critique  : 

"After  closing  the  volumes  of  the  Rambler,  there  is  nothing 
that  we  remember  as  a  new  truth  gained  to  the  mind,—  nothing  in 
delibly  stamped  upon  the  memory;  nor  is  there  any  passage  that 
we  wish  to  turn  to,  as  embodying  any  known  principle  or  observa 
tion  with  such  force  and  beauty  that  justice  can  only  be  done  to 
the  idea  in  the  author's  own  words."—  On  the  Periodical  Essayists. 

We  cannot  resist  the  temptation  of  quoting,  by  way  of 
contrast  to  the  above,  a  line  or  two  from  the  enthusiastic 
commendation  of  the  author  of  Clarissa  : 

"I  am  inexpressibly  pleased  with  them.  ...  I  hope  the  world 
tastes  them  ;  for  its  own  sake  I  hope  the  world  tastes  them  I 
would  not,  for  any  consideration,  that  they  should  be  laid  down 
through  discouragement."—  Samuel  Richardson  to  Cave,,  Aug.  9, 

Perhaps  Rasselas,  which  is  quite  as  much  of  an  essay, 
or,  rather,  series  of  essays,  as  it  is  a  novel,  is  even  still 
more  neglected  than  the  Rambler.  The  fervid  eulogy  of 
Johnson's  greatest  biographer  is  well  known,  but  we  must 
find  room  for  it  in  our  pages  : 

"This  tale,  with  all  the  charms  of  Oriental  imagery,  and  all  the 
force  and  beauty  of  which  the  English  language  is  capable,  leads 
tis  through  the  most  important  scenes  of  human  life,  and  shows  us 
that  this  stage  of  our  being  is  full  of  «  vanity  and  vexation  of  spirit.' 
™™t0/  lnV£g  Which  thi8  work  cont^in9  is  8uch  th*t  Almost 
«™  ™t™r  fTi°f  "  may  furnish  a  8ubJ'ect  of  lonS  meditation.  I 
am  not  satisfied  if  a  year  passes  without  my  having  read  it  through  ; 
and  at  every  perusal  my  admiration  of  the  mind  which  produced  it 
is  so  highly  raised  that  I  can  scarcely  believe  I  had  the  honour  of 
enjoying  the  intimacy  of  such  a  man."—  BOSWELL. 

We  give  some  other  opinions  upon  this  once-celebrated 
production.  Hazlitt  is  less  enthusiastic  • 

"  Rasselas  is  the  most  melancholy  and  debilitatintr  moral 
lation  that  ever  was  put  forth."-On  ™™ 


Dr.  Young,  on  the  contrary,  calls  Rasselas  "a  mass  of 
sense." 

"The  work  can  scarce  be  termed  a  narrative,  being  in  a  great 
measure  void  of  incident  :  it  is  rather  a  set  of  moral  dialogues  on 
the  various  vicissitudes  of  human  life,  its  follies,  its  fears,  its  hopes 
its  wishes,  and  the  disappointment  in  which  all  terminate.  The 
style  is  in  Johnson's  best  manner,  enriched  and  rendered  sonorous 


by  the  triads  and  quaternions  which  he  so  much  loved,  and  ba 
lanced  with  an  art  which,  perhaps,  he  derived  from  the  learned  Sir 
Thomas  Browne."— SIR  WALTER  SCOTT  :  Life  of  Johnson. 

"In  his  Rasselas  we  have  much  to  admire,  and  enough  to  make 
us  wish  for  more.  It  is  the  work  of  an  illuminated  mind,  and  offers 
many  wise  and  deep  reflections,  clothed  in  beautiful  and  harmonious 
diction.  We  are  not.  indeed,  familiar  with  such  personages  as  John 
son  has  imagined  for  the  characters  of  his  fable ;  but.  if  we  are  not 
exceedingly  interested  in  their  story,  we  are  infinitely  gratified  with 
their  conversation  and  remarks."— Cumberland's  Memoirs :  Samuel 
Johnson. 

"No  prig  shall  ever  persuade  me  that  Rasselas  is  not  a  noble  per 
formance  in  design  and  in  execution.  Never  were  the  expenses  of 
a  mother's  funeral  more  gloriously  defrayed  by  a  son  than  the  fu 
neral  of  Samuel  Johnson's  mother  by  the  price  of  Rasselas,  written 
for  the  pious  purpose  of  laying  her  head  decently  and  honourably  in 
the  dust."— CHRISTOPER  NORTH  :  Nodes  Ambrotiance,  April,  18^9 

The  admirer  of  Johnson  will  be  grateful  to  us  for  ex- 
tending  our  quotations  from  Professor  Wilson.  Always  elo 
quent,  the  enthusiastic  Christopher  strikes  even  a  higher 
chord  than  is  his  wont  when  the  author  of  the  Rambler 
becomes  his  glowing  theme: 

"  He  had  noble  faculties  and  noble  feelings ;  a  hate,  high  as  hea 
ven,  of  wickedness ;  a  scorn,  as  high,  of  all  that  was  base  or  mean; 
wide  knowledge  of  the  world,  of  London,  of  life;  severe  judgment ; 
imagination  not  very  various  perhaps,  but  very  vivid,  and,  when 
conjoined  with  such  an  intellect,  even  wonder-working,  in  realms 
that  seemed  scarcely  of  right  to  belong  to  the  solemn  sage.  Wit 
ness  the  Happy  Valley  of  Rasselas,  and,  indeed,  all  that  as-yet-un 
surpassed  story,  where,  on  the  wings  of  fancy  and  feeling,  you  are 
wafted  along  over  the  earth,  yet  never  lose  sight  of  its  flesh-and- 
blood  inhabitants,  working  and  weeping,  yet  not  unhappy,  still,  in 
their  toils  and  their  tears,  .and  dying  but  to  live  again,  in  no  cold, 
glittering,  poetic  heaven,  but  in  the  abodes  of  bliss,  seen  by  the 
eyes  of  nature  through  religion,  builded  in  the  skies."—  The  Man 
of  Ton,  a  Satire;  in  Blackw.  Mag.,  June,  1828 ;  and  in  Wilson's  Es 
says..  Critical  and  Imaginative,  Edin.  and  Lon.,  1856,  i.  231. 

"The  reader  who  first  attempts  the  Abyssinian  Candide  feels 
that  he  has  imposed  on  himself  a  task  rather  than  found  a  plea 
sure,  or  even  a  relaxation.  The  manner  is  heavy  and  little  suited 
to  the  occasion ;  the  matter  is  of  a  very  ordinary  fabric,  if  it  is  safe 
and  wholesome ;  there  is  nothing  that  shines  except  the  author's 
facility  of  writing  in  a  very  artificial  style,  as  soon  as  we  are  in 
formed,  by  external  evidence,  of  the  whole  having  been  written  in 
a  few  nights.  He,  perhaps,  had  some  kind  of  misgiving  that  it 
was  not  a  successful  effort,  for  he  had  never  looked  at  it  till  two- 
and-twenty  years  after  it  was  written,  when,  a  friend  happening  to 
have  it,  who  was  travelling  with  him,  Johnson  read  it  with  some 
eagerness."— LORD  BROUGHAM  :  Lives  of  Men  of  Letters,  dc. 

The  noble  critic  just  quoted  considers  Johnson's  political 
pamphlets  and  his  occasional  tracts  as  far  superior  to  his 
moral  essays;  and  he  especially  commends  Taxation  no 
Tyranny,  and  the  review  of  Soame  Jenyns's  Treatise  on 
the  Origin  of  Evil.  The  last-named  production  has  al 
ready  come  under  our  notice  in  our  life  of  Soame  Jenyns. 
The  eloquence  of  the  Parliamentary  Debates  was  of  so 
high  an  order  that  Dr.  Francis  declared  that  of  Demos 
thenes  to  be  inferior;  and  Voltaire  did  not  scruple  to 
affirm  that  the  Greek  and  Roman  orators  had  revived  in 
the  British  Senate. 

3.  DR.  JOHNSON  AS  A  LEXICOGRAPHER. 

Before  the  appearance  of  Johnson's  great  work  (in 
1755)  the  English  were  sadly  in  want  of  a  good  lexicon 
of  their  language.  The  one  in  use — not  without  consider 
able  merit — was  that  .of  Nathan  Bailey,  which  we  have 
already  noticed  in  oar  life  of  that  industrious  philologist. 
English  scholars,  therefore,  had  to  endure  in  silence  the 
sarcasm  of  the  Abb6  le  Blanc,  who  declared  that  such 
was  the  passion  for  the  English  tongne  that  the  French 
had  made  it  one  of  the  learned  languages,  and  that  even 
their  women  studied  it,  and  yet  that  there  was  not  so 
much  as  a  good  dictionary,  or,  rather,  a  tolerable  gram 
mar.  We  shall  not  be  expected,  in  the  limited  space  to 
which  we  are  confined,  to  enter  into  any  consideration  of 
the  philological  dispute  of  the  day  respecting  the  com 
parative  merits  of  the  dictionaries  of  Johnson,  Webster, 
Richardson,  and  others.  Like  the  valet  de  chnmbre  in 
the  Vicar  of  Wakefield  who  read  so  many  magazines, 
though  they  quarrel  among  each  other  we  dearly  love 
them  all,  and  keep  the  most  important  of  them  by  our 
elbow.  As  regards  orthography,  we  certainly  do  not — as 
every  page  of  this  volume  testifies — follow  the  example 
of  our  countryman,  whilst  we  should  undoubtedly  feel  en- 
titled  to  ridicule  without  mercy  the  stolidity  of  the  tyro 
who  should  undertake  to  compare  the  meagre  philological 
attainments  of  Dr.  Johnson  with  the  amazing  erudition, 
in  this  department,  of  Dr.  Noah  Webster. 

We  had  intended  to  quote  some  criticisms  of  Drs. 
Webster  and  Richardson  on  the  execution  of  Johnson's 
Dictionary;  but,  as  such  quotations  would  involve  the 
necessity  of  an  impartial  presentation  of  both  sides  of  the 
question, — for  which  presentation  we  lack  both  space  and 
time, — we  shall  content  ourselves,  and,  we  trust,  our  read 
ers,  with  the  citation  of  a  few  opinions,  which  (with,  per 
haps,  the  exception  of  Lord  Brougham's)  are  not  to  be 


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considered  as  instituting  any  comparison  between  John 
son's  Dictionary  and  the  two  which  have  only  recently,  in 
their  perfected  shape,  been  submitted  to  the  public  eye. 

The  Doctor,  with  his  usual  foresight,  had  adopted  an 
excellent  mode  of  discouraging  all  adverse  criticism,  by 
admitting  in  his  admirable  preface  that  "a  few  wild  blun 
ders  and  risible  absurdities  might  for  a  time  furnish  folly 
with  laughter  and  harden  ignorance  into  contempt." 
Now,  as  no  reviewer  is  particularly  desirous  of  being  con 
sidered  either  a  fool  or  an  ignoramus,  we  may  well  sup 
pose  that  the  Jeffreys  of  the  day  were  contented  to  praise 
where  they  could  and  to  be  silent  where  they  disapproved. 
We  may  remark,  in  this  connexion,  that  it  seems  hardly 
worth  while  for  us  to  repeat  the  old  and  well-known  story 
of  Johnson's  impertinent  and  unjust  letter  to  the  Earl 
of  Chesterfield.  It  is  not  to  be  forgotten,  however,  that 
the  Earl's  suggestions  upon  the  prospectus  were  all 
adopted  by  the  author. 

The  Monthly  Review  for  April,  1755,  was  enlarged 
"  four  pages  extraordinary,"  and  even  then  the  usual 
catalogue  of  new  books  omitted,  to  make  room  for  a  co 
pious  notice  of  the  Dictionary,  in  which  some  imperfec 
tions  are  rather  hinted  at  than  enumerated.  Thomas  War- 
ton,  in  a  letter  to  his  brother,  after  admitting  that  "  the 
preface  was  noble,  and  the  history  of  the  language  pretty 
full,"  complains  that  "  strokes  of  laxity  and  indolence 
were  plninly  to  be  perceived."  "Laxity  and  indolence" 
there  will  always  be  in  the  works  of  man ;  but  vigour  and 
industry  there  were  also,  else  the  Dictionary  had  never 
seen  the  light.  In  our  life  of  Wsr.  ADAMS,  D.D.,  p.  37 
of  this  Dictionary,  we  have  quoted  some  remarks  of 
Johnson  upon  this  theme,  to  which  the  reader  is  referred. 
The  book  sold  well,  for  a  second  edition  was  pub.  within 
a  year.  This  was  a  great  triumph  for  the  author,  who 
declared  that,  of  all  his  acquaintances,  there  were  only 
two  who,  upon  the  publication  of  the  work,  did  not  en 
deavour  to  depress  him  with  threats  of  censure  from  the 
public,  or  with  objections  learned  from  those  who  learned 
them  from  his  own  preface. 

The  Doctor  displayed  no  little  ingenuity  in  the  prelimi 
nary  arrangement  of  his  materiel.  Bishop  Percy  tells  us: 

"  Boswell's  account  of  the  manner  in  which  Johnson  compiled 
his  Dictionary  is  confused  and  erroneous.  He  began  his  task  (as 
he  himself  expressly  described  to  me)  by  devoting  his  first  care  to 
a  diligent  perusal  of  all  such  English  writers  as  were  most  correct 
in  their  language,  and  under  every  sentence  which  he  meant  to 
quote,  he  drew  a  line,  and  noted  in  the  margin  the  first  letter  of  the 
word  under  which  it  was  to  occur.  He  then  delivered  these  books 
to  his  clerks,  who  transcribed  each  sentence  on  a  separate  slip  of 
paper,  and  arranged  the  same  under  the  word  referred  to.  By  these 
means  he  collected  the  several  words  and  their  different  significa 
tions;  and  when  the  whole  arrangement  was  alphabetically  formed 
he  gave  the  definitions  of  their  meanings,  and  collected  their  ety 
mologies  from  Skinner,  Junius,  and  other  writers  on  the  subject." 

Andrew  Millar's  exclamation  of  delight  at  the  reception 
of  the  last  sheet  was  less  reverent  than  Johnson's  pious 
rejoinder.  We  do  not  wonder  at  Millar's  impatience.  The 
"three  years"  stipulated  for  the  undertaking  proved  to  be 
more  than  seven,  and  the  copyright-money  (£1575)  had 
long  been  in  the  hands  of  the  lexicographer :  we  say  the 
hands, — for  little  went  into  his  pocket,  after  satisfying  the 
demands  of  his  six  amanuenses  and  discharging  other  ex 
penses  incurred  in  the  prosecution  of  the  work. 

But  we  promised  a  few  quotations  respecting  the  Dic 
tionary,  and  it  is  quite  time  they  were  before  the  reader. 
In  the  same  year  (1755)  of  the  appearance  of  the.review 
of  Johnson's  Dictionary  in  the  Monthly  Review,  another, 
by  Dr.  Adam  Smith,  the  political  economist,  was  pub.  in 
the  (old)  Edinburgh  Review.  Sir  James  Mackintosh  tells 
us  that 

"  This  review  of  Johnson's  Dictionary  is  chiefly  valuable  as  a 
proof  that  neither  of  these  eminent  persons  was  well  qualified  to 
write  an  English  dictionary.  The  plan  of  Johnson  and  the  speci 
mens  of  Smith  are  alike  faulty.  At  that  period,  indeed,  neither  the 
cultivation  of  our  old  literature,  nor  the  study  of  the  languages 
from  which  the  English  springs  or  to  which  it  is  related,  nor  the 
habit  of  observing  the  general  structure  of  language,  was  so  far 
advanced  as  to  render  it  possible  for  this  great  work  to  approach 
perfection."— Preface  to  a  Reprint  in  1816  of  the  Edinburgh  Review 
0/1755. 

"  His  Dictionary,  though  distinguished  neither  by  the  philosophy 
nor  by  the  erudition  which  illustrate  the  origin  and  history  of 
words,  is  a  noble  monument  of  his  powers  and  his  literary  know 
ledge,  and  even  of  his  industry,  though  it  betrays  frequent  symp 
toms  of  that  constitutional  indolence  which  must  so  often  have 
overpowered  him  in  so  immense  a  labour." — Mackintosh's  Life, 
Lou..  1835.  2  vols.  8vo. 

"  That  laborious  and  gigantic  task,  a  dictionary  of  the  language. 
3ow  it  is  executed  is  well  known,  and  sufficiently  surprising,  con 
sidering  that  the  learned  author  was  a  stranger  to  the  Northern 
languages,  on  which  English  is  radically  grounded,  and  that  the 
discoveries  in  grammar  since  made  by  Home  Tooke  were  then 
unknown." — SIR  WALTER  SCOTT:  Life  of  Johnson. 

*'  Dr.  Johnson,  with  great  labour,  has  collected  the  various  mean 


ings  of  every  word,  and  quoted  the  authorities ;  but  it  would  hare 
been  an  improvement  if  he  had  given  an  accurate  definition  of  the 
precise  meaning  of  every  word,  pointed  out  the  way  in  which  it 
ought  to  be  employed  with  the  greatest  propriety,  showed  the  va 
rious  deviations  from  the  original  meaning  which  custom  had  so 
far  established  as  to  render  allowable,  arid  fixed  the  precise  limits 
beyond  which  it  could  not  be  employed  without  becoming  a  vicious 
expression.  With  this  view  it  would  have  been  necessary  to  exhibit 
the  nice  distinctions  which  take  place  between  words  nearly  syno 
nymous,  and  without  which  many  words  can  only  be  defined  in  such 
a  manner  that  they  must  be  considered  as  exactly  synonymous. 
We  omit  making  quotations  from  Johnson  in  order  to  point  out 
these  defects ;  and  shall  content  ourselves  with  giving  a  few  ex 
amples,  to  show  in  what  manner,  according  to  our  idea,  a  dictionary 
of  the  English  language  ought  to  be  compiled." — Encyc.  Brit.,  edit. 
7th,  art.  "Dictionary." 

"  Had  Johnson  left  nothing  but  his  Dictionary,  one  might  have 
traced  there  a  great  intellect,  a  genuine  man.  Looking  to  its  clear 
ness  of  definition,  its  general  solidity,  honesty,  insight,  and  success 
ful  method,  it  may  be  called  the  best  of  all  Dictionaries.  There  is 
in  it  a  kind  of  architectural  nobleness ;  it  stands  there  like  a  great 
solid  square-built  edifice,  finished,  symmetrically  complete:  you 
judge  that  a  true  Builder  did  it."— CarlyU's  Hero-Worship. 

"  Of  the  Prefaces  to  his  own  or  other  men's  works,  it  is  not  neces 
sary  to  speak  in  detail.  The  most  ambitious  is  that  to  the  Dic 
tionary,  which  is  powerfully  written,  but  promises  more  than  it 
performs,  when  it  professes  to  give  a  history  of  the  English  lan 
guage  ;  for  it  does  very  little  more  than  give  a  series  of  passages 
from  the  writings  in  the  Anglo-Saxon  and  English  tongues  of  dif 
ferent  ages.  The  Dictionary  itself,  with  all  its  faults,  still  keeps  its 
ground,  and  has  had  no  successor  that  could  supplant  it.  This  is 
owing  to  the  admirable  plan  of  giving  passages  from  the  writers 
cited  as  authorities  for  each  word,  and  this  part  of  the  design  is 
very  well  executed.  Hence  the  book  becomes  almost  as  entertaining 
to  read  as  useful  to  consult.  The  more  difficult  task  of  definition 
has  been  less  happily  performed ;  but  far  better  than  the  etymolo 
gical  part,  which  neither  shows  profound  knowledge  nor  makes  a 
successful  application  of  it.  The  compiler  appears  to  have  satisfied 
himself  with  one  or  two  authorities,  and  neither  to  have  chosen 
them  well  nor  consulted  them  with  discrimination.  Of  any  at 
tempts  at  a  deeper  and  more  philosophical  study,  either  as  regards 
the  structure  or  the  grammar  of  our  language,  he  cannot  be  said 
ever  to  have  had  the  credit ;  but  if  he  at  any  time  was  so  far  for 
tunate,  Home  Tooke  has  very  mercilessly  stripped  him  of  it."— 
LORD  BROUGHAM  :  Men  of  Letters,  <&c. 

There  have  been  many  edits,  of  Johnson's  Dictionary, 
but  we  do  not  think  it  worth  while  to  notice  any  save  the 
best,  that  of  the  Rev.  H.  J.  Todd,  Lon.,  1818,  in  11  Pts., 
1827,  3  vols.  4to;  new  edit.,  now  (1856)  in  press,  edited 
by  Todd  and  Latham.  Mr.  H.  G.  Bohn  has  recently— in 
1840,  '50,  and  '54,  all  in  imp.  8vo — pub.  verbatim  reprints 
of  Johnson's  own  last  folio  edit. 

4.  DR.  JOHNSON  AS  A  CRITIC. 

A  comprehensive  view  of  Dr.  Johnson's  critical  writings 
would  of  course  include  many  of  his  numerous  contribu 
tions  to  the  Gentleman's  Magazine,  the  Universal  Visitor, 
The  Literary  Magazine  or  Universal  Review,  The  Poetical 
Calendar,  The  London  Chronicle,  The  Critical  Review,  Ac.; 
but  these  articles  are  almost  all  of  them  unknown  to  the 
general  reader,  and  of  many  the  evidence  of  authorship  is 
by  no  means  unquestionable.  When  reference  is  made  to 
the  critical  writings  of  Johnson,  it  is  understood  that  the 
Preface  and  Notes  to  Shakspeare,  and  the  Lives  of  the 
British  Poets,  are  in  the  mind  of  the  speaker.  To  each  of 
these  works,  therefore,  we  must  devote  a  few  lines.  We 
say  "a  few  lines;"  and,  indeed,  did  our  space  permit,  we 
have  little  disposition  to  dwell  upon  Dr.  Johnson  as  a  com 
mentator  upon  Shakspeare.  We  will  fight  manfully  for 
the  Preface,  but  after  that  the  point  of  our  lance  acknow 
ledges  the  influence  of  the  attraction  of  gravitation,  and 
bends  earthward.  Francis  Douce,  one  of  the  most  erudite 
of  literary  antiquaries,  thus  despatches  the  critical  doctor 
in  a  few  words,  much  to  the  purpose : 

"The  indefatigable  exertions  of  Messrs.Steevens.Malone.Tyrwhitt, 
and  Mason,  will  ever  be  duly  appreciated  by  the  true  and  zealous 
admirer  of  Shakspeare's  pages.  If  the  name  of  a  celebrated  critic 
and  moralist  be  not  Included  on  this  occasion,  it  is  because  he  was 
certainly  unskilled  in  the  knowledge  of  obsolete  customs  and  ex 
pressions.  His  explanatory  notes,  therefore,  are,  generally  speak 
ing,  the  most  controvertible  of  any;  but  no  future  editor  will  dis 
charge  his  duty  to  the  public,  who  shall  omit  a  single  sentence  of 
this  writer's  masterly  preface,  or  of  his  sound  and  tasteful  charac 
ters  of  the  text  of  Shakspeare." 

Again : 

«  No  disparagement  is  meant  to  the  memory  or  talents  of  one  of 
the  greatest  of  men,  when  a  protest  is  entered  against  the  text  of 
Dr.  Johnson." 

We  well  remember  our  astonishment  at  Johnson's  criti 
cism  upon  Proteus's  speech  in  the  Two  Gentlemen  of 
Verona,  where  he  charges  Shakspeare  with  a  blunder  in 
making  the  enamoured  young  gallant  say, 

"  Tis  but  her  picture  I  have  yet  beheld, 
And  that  hath  dazzled  my  reason's  light." 

"Why,"  says  the  Doctor,  "he  had  an  interview  with 
Silvia,  and  yet  talks  of  having  only  seen  her  picture !" 
The  literal  commentator  did  not  make  sufficient  allowance 
for  the  rhetoric  of  lovers.  That  there  should  be  much 
valuable  matter,  and  many  sensible  observations,  contained 


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in  such  a  body  of  notes  by  such  a  writer,  is  a  matter  of 
course.  The  errors  and  misconceptions  which  prove  the 
critic's  unfitness  for  his  task  afford  another  proof  of  what 
even  wise  men  often  forget, — that  no  amount  of  genius,  no 
extent  of  general  knowledge,  will  qualify  an  author  for  a 
particular  field  without  particular  preparation.  The 
Monthly  Review  (vol.  xxxiii.,  1765)  devotes  no  less  than 
thirty  pages  to  a  notice  (by  no  means  complimentary)  of 
Johnson's  Shakspeare,  and  to  this  article,  from  which  we 
had  intended  to  quote,  we  must  refer  the  reader.  Johnson's 
edit  of  Shakspeare  appeared  in  1765,  8  vols.  8vo.  His 
principal  predecessors  as  commentators  on  the  great  poet 
were:  1.  Rymer,  1678;  2.  Dennis,  1693;  3.  Gildon,  1694; 
4.  Pope,  1725;  5.  Theobald,  1726;  6.  Peck,  1740;  7.  Sir 
Thomas  Hantner,  1745;  8.  Grey,  1746;  9.  Warburton,1747  j 
10.  Upton,  1748;  11.  Whalley,  1748;  12.  Edwards,  1748; 
13.  Holt,  1749;  14.  Charlotte  Lennox,  1753-54;  15.  Cooper, 
1V55;  16.  Howard,  1756;  17.  Capell,  1759;  18.  Heath,  1765. 
Before  we  leave  this  period — the  date  of  the  publication 
of  Johnson's  Shakspeare — we  must  refer  the  reader  to  the 
fierce  attack  of  Kenrick  (Goldsmith's  malignant  foe)  upon 
the  new  editor,  pub.  in  the  Monthly  Review  for  December, 
1765.  Warburton's  savage  assault  upon  Johnson,  in  re 
venge  for  his  temerity  in  modestly  questioning  some  of 
that  commentator's  critical  canons  or  annotations,  is 
exactly  what  might  have  been  expected  from  that  amiable 
and  courteous  (!)  prelate.  See  Letters  from  a  late  eminent 
Prelate  to  one  of  his  Friends,  (Bishop  Kurd,)  1808,  pp. 
272-273. 

But  it  is  quite  time  that  we  had  turned  our  attention  to 
the  opinions  of  critics  of  a  more  modern  period: 

"  The  Preface  to  his  Shakspeare,  certainly,  is  far  superior  to  his 
other  introductory  discourses,  both  fuller  of  matter  and  more  ela 
borate.  His  remarks  on  the  great  dramatist  are,  generally  speak 
ing,  sound  and  judicious;  many  of  them  may  even,  on  a  subject 
sufficiently  hackneyed,  be  deemed  original.  The  boldness  with 
which  his  many  critical  objections  were  offered  deserves  not  the 
less  praise  that  Shakspeare's  numberless  and  gross  faults  are  easy 
to  discern ;  because,  in  presence  of  the  multitude,  we  might  say 
even  of  the  English  nation  at  large,  their  obvious  nature  and  con 
siderable  magnitude  has  never  made  them  very  safe  to  dwell  upon. 
.  .  .  The  Preface  is  more  to  be  commended  than  the  work  itself. 
As  a  commentator,  he  is  certainly  far  from  successful." — LORD 
BROUGHAM  :  Lives  of  Men  of  Letters,  <6c. 

"  Johnson  compares  him  who  should  endeavour  to  recommend 
this  poet  by  passages  unconnectedly  torn  from  his  works,  to  the 
pedant  in  Hierocles  who  exhibited  a  brick  as  a  sample  of  his  house. 
And  yet  how  little,  and  how  very  unsatisfactorily,  does  he  himself 
speak  of  the  pieces  considered  as  a  whole!  Let  any  man,  for 
instance,  bring  together  the  short  characters  which  he  gives  at  the 
close  of  each  play,  and  see  if  the  aggregate  will  amount  to  that 
sum  of  admiration  which  he  himself,  at  his  outset,  has  stated  as  the 
correct  standard  for  the  appreciation  of  the  poet." — A.  W.  SchlegeVs 
Lects.  on  Dramat.  Art.  and  Lit.,  Black's  Trans.,  Lon.,  1846, 360.  See 
also  pp.  365,  399. 

"  Johnson's  Preface  is  doubtless  a  great  and  masterly  perform 
ance,  evincing  a  mind  of  large  general  powers,  and  is  executed 
throughout  with  uncommon  dignity  and  effect.  There  are  those 
who  elevate  it  to  the  skies ;  but  there  is  also  a  considerable  number 
of  well-read  Shaksperians  who  are  far  from  bowing  with  unqualified 
submission  to  the  critical  canons  which  it  contains.  .  .  .  Johnson's 
critical  summary  of  the  preponderating  merits  and  demerits  of 
each  play  should  be  always  a  concomitant  of  every  edition  of  Shak- 
epeare." — Dibdin's  Lib.  Camp.,  ed.  1825,  805. 

"  Johnson  explained  much  well,  but  there  is  something  magiste 
rial  in  the  manner  wherein  he  dismisses  each  play  like  a  boy's 
exercise,  that  irritates  the  reader.  His  criticism  is  frequently  ju 
dicious,  but  betrays  no  ardent  admiration  for  Shakspeare." — HAL- 
LAM  :  Lit.  Hist,  of  Europe,  4th  ed.,  1854,  iii.  94. 

No  portion  of  Johnson's  writings  has  been  so  warmly 
praised,  and  so  severely  censured,  as  the  Lives  of  the 
English  Poets.  Sir  Egerton  Brydges,  in  the  Preface  to  his 
edit,  of  Phillips's  Theatrum  Poetarum  Anglicanorum, 
complains  lamentably  of  the  false  taste  of  the  age  which 
considered  the  poetical  school  of  Pope  the  highest  in  the 
Republic  of  Letters : 

"  Dr.  Johnson,"  he  continues,  "  whose  Lives  of  the  Poets  are  ex 
tremely  valuable,  from  the  knowledge  of  life  they  display,  from 
their  morality,  and  from  that  acuteness  of  investigation  and  vigor 
of  expression  which  his  astonishing  powers  of  intellect  threw  on 
every  subject  in  which  he  engaged,  has  yet  contributed  to  authorize 
this  degraded  taste.  For  candor  ought  to  confess  that  a  feeling 
for  the  higher  kinds  of  poetry  was  not  among  his  excellencies.  Is 
it  possible  for  thoseto  doubt  it  who  recollect  the  opinion  he  has 
expressed  of  Milton's  Lycidas,  and  of  the  Odes  of  Gray?  Who  re 
member  that  he  has  scarce  mentioned  the  Fables  of  Dryden,  and 
that  he  has  hafdly  conferred  even  a  cold  extorted  praise  on  the  Ode 
to  the  Passions,  by  Collins?  Who  must  admit,  that,  among  the 
modern  poets  who  have  pretensions  to  excellence  in  that  art,  there 
are  but  two,  except  his  favorite  Pope,  to  whose  merits  he  has  done 
any  tolerable  justice?  These  are  Thomson  and  Young:  of  whom 
he  has  spoken,  of  one  with  noble  and  discriminative  praise ;  and 
the  poetical  character  of  the  other  he  has  celebrated  with  a  warm 
and  happy  splendor  of  eloquence,  which  is  perhaps  the  finest  pas- 
eage  in  all  the  efforts  of  his  pen."— xli.,  et  infra,  and  Ivii. 

Read  another  article  on  Johnson,  by  Sir  S.  E.  Brydges, 
in  his  Imaginative  Biography,  roL  ii.  251. 


"  Wherever  understanding  alone  is  sufficient  for  poetical  criticism, 
the  decisions  of  Johnson  are  generally  right.  But  the  beauties  of 
poetry  must  be  felt  before  their  causes  are  investigated.  There  is 
a  poetical  sensibility,  which  in  the  progress  of  the  mind  becomes 
as  distinct  a  power  as  a  musical  ear  or  a  picturesque  eye.  Without 
a  considerable  degree  of  this  sensibility,  it  is  as  vain  for  a  man  of 
the  greatest  understanding  to  speak  of  the  higher  beauties  of 
poetry,  as  it  is  for  a  blind  man  to  speak  of  colours.  To  adopt  the 
warmest  sentiments  of  poetry,  to  realize  its  boldest  imagery,  to 
yield  to  every  impulse  of  enthusiasm,  to  submit  to  the  illusions  of 
fancy,  to  retire  with  the  poet  into  his  ideal  worlds,  were  dispositions 
wholly  foreign  from  the  worldly  sagacity  and  stern  shrewdness  of 
Johnson.  As  in  his  judgment  of  life  and  character,  so  in  his  criti 
cism  on  poetry,  he  was  a  sort  of  Freethinker.  He  suspected  the 
refined  of  affectation,  he  rejected  the  enthusiastic  as  absurd,  and 
he  took  it  for  granted  that  the  mysterious  was  unintelligible.  He 
came  into  the  world  when  the  school  of  Dryden  and  Pope  gave  the 
law  to  English  poetry.  In  that  school  he  had  himself  learned  to 
be  a  lofty  and  vigorous  declaimer  in  harmonious  verse ;  bevond 
that  school  his  unforced  admiration  perhaps  scarcely  soared  :*  and 
his  highest  effort  of  criticism  was  accordingly  the  noble  panegyric 
on  Dryden.  His  criticism  owed  its  popularity  as  much  to  its  defects 
as  to  its  excellencies.  It  was  on  a  level  with  the  majority  of  readers, 
— persons  of  good  sense  and  information,  but  of  no  exquisite  sensi 
bility,— and  to  their  minds  it  derived  a  false  appearance  of  solidity 
from  the  very  narrowness  which  excluded  those  grander  efforts  of 
imagination  to  which  Aristotle  and  Bacon  confined  the  name  of 
poetry."— SIR  JAMES  MACKINTOSH:  Memoirs  of  his  Life  and  Writings, 
Lon.,  1835,  2  vols.  8vo. 

See  also  his  Review  of  Rogers's  Poems,  in  his  Works, 
1854,  vol.  ii.  505-506. 

"  Johnson  seems  to  have  conceived,  like  Milton,  a  theory  that  good 
writing,  at  least  in  verse,  is  never  either  to  follow  the  change  of 
fashion,  or  to  sink  into  familiar  phrase,  and  that  any  deviation  from 
this  rigour  should  be  branded  as  low  and  colloquial."— HaUam's 
Lit.  Hist,  of  Europe,  4th  ed.,  1854,  iii.  486. 

"Johnson  strips  many  a  leaf  from  every  laurel;  still.  Johnson's 
is  the  finest  critical  work  extant,  and  can  never  be  read  without 
instruction  and  delight.  .  .  .  The  opinions  of  that  truly  great  man, 
whom  it  is  also  the  present  fashion  to  decry,  will  ever  be  received 
by  me  with  that  deference  which  time  will  restore  to  him  from  all." 
— LORD  BYRON. 

"  One  of  his  most  pleasing  as  well  as  most  popular  works,  The 
Lives  of  the  British  Poets,  which  he  executed  with  a  degree  of  cri 
tical  force  and  talent  which  has  seldom  been  concentrated." — SIB 
WALTER  SCOTT  :  Life  of  Samuel  Johnson. 

Sir  Archibald  Alison  remarks  that  few  now  read 
"The  Lives  of  the  Poets,  interesting  as  they  are,  and  admirable 
as  are  the  criticisms  on  our  greatest  authors  which  they  contain." 
—Essays,  1850,  iii.  392. 

"  The  merit  of  this  work  is  very  great,  whether  we  regard  the 
matter  or  the  style ;  for  the  composition  is  far  more  easy  and  na 
tural,  far  less  pompous  and  stately,  and  the  diction  both  more  pic 
turesque  and  more  simple,  than  in  any  other  of  his  writings.  The 
measured  period,  the  balance  of  sentences,  and  the  diffusiveness 
arising  from  this  desire  of  symmetry,  is  still  in  a  good  degree  re 
tained  ;  but  it  is  far  less  constant,  and  therefore  palls  less  on  the 
appetite,  than  in  any  of  his  former  works." — LORD  BROUGHAM  :  Lives 
of  Men  of  Letters,  <£c. 

"  Johnson  decided  literary  questions  like  a  lawyer,  not  like  a  legis 
lator.  He  never  examined  foundations  where  a  point  was  already 
ruled.  His  whole  code  of  criticism  rested  on  pure  assumption,  for 
which  he  sometimes  quoted  a  precedent  or  an  authority,  but  rarely 
troubled  himself  to  give  a  reason  drawn  from  the  nature  of  things. 
He  took  it  for  granted  that  the  kind  of  poetry  which  flourished  in 
his  own  time,  which  he  had  been  accustomed  to  hear  praised  from 
his  childhood,  and  which  he  had  himself  written  with  success,  was 
the  best  kind  of  poetry.  .  .  .  The  judgments  which  Johnson  passed 
on  books  were  in  his  own  time  regarded  with  superstitious  vene 
ration,  and  in  our  time  are  generally  treated  with  indiscriminate 
contempt." — T.  B.  MACAULAY  :  Grit,  and  Hist.  Essays,  Lon.,  1854.  i. 
390,  392;  from  the  Edin.  Rev.,  Sept.  1831. 

The  incorrectness  of  this  assertion  must  be  obvious  to 
the  reader  who  has  perused  the  opinions  just  quoted;  and 
it  is  easy  for  us  to  add  to  the  evidence  already  presented 
of  Mr.  Macaulay's  very  grave  error.  As  regards  ourselves, 
we  profess  to  fairly  present  each,  but  to  embrace  neither, 
side  of  these  literary  controversies. 

The  opinion  of  Christopher  North  will  doubtless  have 
great  weight  with  many  readers  : 

"  NORTH  :  '  Johnson's  mind  was  a  furnace :  it  reduced  every  thing 
to  its  elements.  We  have  no  truly  great  critical  intellect  since  his 
time.' 

"BULLER:  'What  would  he  have  thought  of  our  modern  re 
viewers  ?' 

"  NORTH  :  '  Why,  not  one  of  the  tribe  would  have  dared  to  cry 
mew,  had  he  been  alive.  The  terror  of  him  would  have  kept  them 
as  mum  as  mice  when  there's  a  cat  in  the  room.  If  he  had  detected 
such  a  thing  as  Jeffrey  astir,  he  would  have  cracked  every  bone  in 
his  body  with  one  worry.' 

"BULLER:  'I  can  believe  it  all.  Even  Gifford  would  have  been 
annihilated.' 

"  NORTH  :  '  Like  an  ill-natured  pug-dog  flung  into  a  lion's  cage.' " 
—Noctes  Ambrosianse,  April,  1822. 

"  He  had  his  prejudices,  and  his  partialities,  and  his  bigotries,  and 
his  blindnesses,  but  on  the  same  fruit-tree  you  see  shrivelled  pears 
or  apples  on  the  same  branch  with  jargonelles  or  golden  pippins 
Worthy  of  Paradise.  .  .  .  Show  me  the  critique  that  beats  his  on 
Pope  and  on  Dryden, — nay,  even  on  Milton ;  and  hang  me  if  you 
may  not  read  his  Essay  on  Shakspeare  even  after  having  read 
Charles  Lamb  or  heard  Coleridge,  with  increased  admiration  of  the 
powers  of  all  three,  and  of  their  insight  through  different  avenues, 
and,  as  it  might  seem,  almost  with  different  bodily  and  mental 
organs,  into  Shakspeare's  '  old  exhausted'  and  his  '  new  imagined 


jon 


JOH 


worlds.'  He  was  a  critic  and  a  moralist  who  would  have  been 
wholly  wise  had  he  not  been  partly  constitutionally  insane." — 
CHRISTOPHER  NORTH:  Noctes  Ambrostianee,  April,  1829. 

"  There  is  an  amiable  desire  shown  to  give  merit  its  reward ;  nor 
do  the  author's  prejudices  interfere  with  this  just  course,  except  in 
a  very  few  instances  of  political  feelings  warping  his  judgment,  or 
indignation  at  impiety  blinding  him  to  literary  excellence,  or  of 
admiration  for  religious  purity  giving  slender  merits  an  exaggerated 
value  in  his  eyes.  The  justness  of  his  taste  may  be  in  all  other 
cases  admitted ;  great  critical  acuteness  is  everywhere  exercised ; 
extensive  reading  of  ancient  and  modern  poetry  is  shown ;  and  occa 
sionally  philosophical  subjects  are  handled  with  considerable  hap 
piness  both  of  thought  and  of  illustration." — LORD  BROUGHAM  :  Lives 
of  Men  of  Letters,  tfe. 

"  Johnson  has  himself  done  great  good  by  exposing  great  faults 
in  great  authors.  His  criticism  on  Milton's  highest  work  is  the  most 
valuable  of  all  his  writings.  He  seldom  is  erroneous  in  his  cen 
sures,  but  he  never  is  sufficiently  excited  to  admiration  of  what  is 
purest  and  highest  in  poetry." — W.  SAVAGE  LANDOR. 

In  another  part  of  his  writings,  Landor  concurs  in  a 
censure  frequently  urged  against  Johnson  of  injustice  to 
Milton  on  account  of  party  prejudices.  This  subject  must 
be  glanced  at  before  we  leave  our  theme. 

"Dr.  Johnson's  Lives  of  the  Poets  are  necessarily  a  prominent 
ornament  of  every  library,  as  they  have  been  the  common  theme 
of  admiration  of  all  countries.  The  style  and  the  reflections  are 
the  chief  charm  of  this  popular  work.  Many  of  the  facts  must  be 
cautiously  admitted.  Not  that  Johnson  designedly  falsified ;  but 
he  always  wanted  time,  diligence,  and  patience  in  the  collection  of 
his  materials ;  and  he  rejoiced  to  find  the  fact  as  he  unshed  to  find 
it,  without  sufficiently  weighing  it  in  the  .balance  of  impartiality. 
He  hugged  every  thing  which  he  thought  might  throw  a  shade  on 
a  republican,  a  whig,  or  a  dissenter,  and  spared  no  pains  in  Exe 
cuting  such  a  picture  in  his  most  powerful  and  overwhelming 
colours."— Dibdin's  Lib.  Camp.,  ed.  1825,  521,  n. 

We  shall  now  introduce  some  brief  extracts  from  the 
graceful  pen  of  the  distinguished  author  of  the  History 
of  Ferdinand  and  Isabella: 

"  Johnson's  work,  as  every  one  knows,  is  conducted  on  the  most 
capricious  and  irregular  plan.  .  .  .  Besides  these  defects  of  plan, 
the  critic  was  certainly  deficient  in  sensibility  to  the  more  delicate, 
the  minor  beauties  of  poetic  sentiment.  He  analyzes  verse  in  the 
cold-blooded  spirit  of  a  chemist,  until  all  the  aroma  which  consti 
tuted  its  principal  charm  escapes  in  the  decomposition.  By  this 
kind  of  process,  some  of  the  finest  fancies  of  the  Muse,  the  lofty 
dithyrambics  of  Gray,  the  ethereal  effusions  of  Collins,  and  of 
Milton  too,  are  rendered  sufficiently  vapid." 

This  accomplished  critic  proceeds  to  point  out  what  he 
esteems  to  be  defects  in  the  Doctor's  taste  in  composition, 
and  the  graver  objections  to  his  work  arising  from  the 
effects  of  religious  and  political  prejudices,  and  then  con 
tinues  : 

"  With  all  this,  there  is  no  one  of  the  works  of  this  great  and 
good  man  in  which  he  has  displayed  more  of  the  strength  of  his 
mighty  intellect,  shown  a  more  pure  and  masculine  morality,  more 
sound  principles  of  criticism  in  the  abstract,  and  more  acute  deli 
neation  of  character,  and  more  gorgeous  splendour  of  diction." 

Johnson's  Life  of  Milton,  however,  does  not  eseape  Mr. 
Prescott's  severe  animadversions: 

"  A  production  more  discreditable  to  the  author  is  not  to  bo 
found  in  the  whole  of  his  voluminous  works ;  equally  discreditable, 
whether  regarded  in  an  historical  light  or  as  a  sample  of  literary 
criticism.  .  .  .  His  life  of  Milton  is  a  humiliating  testimony  of  the 
power  of  political  and  religious  prejudices  to  warp  a  great  and  good 
mind  from  the  standard  of  truth,  in  the  estimation  not  merely  of 
contemporary  excellence,  but  of  the  great  of  other  years,  over 
whose  frailties  Time  might  be  supposed  to  have  drawn  his  friendly 
mantle."— Prescott's  Miscellanies,  ed.  1855,  247,  248,  277,  278,  and 
in  North  Amer.  Review  for  October,  1839. 

John  Foster  warms  with  equal  indignation  at  the  same 
theme : 

"  There  are  parts  of  the  Lives  of  the  Poets  which  every  lover  of 
literary  or  moral  justice  would  be  glad  to  see  stamped  with  an  in 
delible  brand  of  reprobation,  with  a  disgrace  so  signal  and  perspi 
cuous  as  to  be  a  perpetual  warning  against  the  perversion  of  criti 
cism  and  private  history  by  political  and  religious  bigotry  and 
personal  spleen." — Criticism  on  the  English  Poets:  Foster's  Essays, 
Lon.,  1856,  i.  145,  and  in  Eclec.  Rev.,  March,  1808. 

Foster  then  proceeds  to  specify  the  instances  of  Milton 
and  Gray :  he  is  eloquent,  and  we  would  fain  quote  more 
of  his  flowing  rhetoric;  but  this  must  not  be. 

Even  Dr.  Drake,  one  of  Johnson's  warmest  admirers, 
does  not  venture  to  enter  a  plea  of  "Not  Guilty"  on  John 
son's  behalf: 

"  No  man  can  entertain  a  higher  idea  of  Johnson's  intellectual 
powers,  as  a  lexicographer,  a  teacher,  and  a  moralist,  than  myself; 
but  poetical  criticism  was  not  his  province ;  and  though  in  point  of 
style  his  Lives  be  superior,  perhaps,  to  any  of  his  preceding  com 
positions,  they  are  infinitely  more  disgraced  by  the  inexorable  par 
tialities  of  the  man." — Drake's  Literary  Hours,  vol.  i.  22. 

Cumberland,  Johnson's  old  friend,  writing  long  after  the 
.  Doctor's  death,  is  disposed  to  treat  the  indignant  outcry 
elicited  by  these  strictures  of  the  latter  with  very  little 
respect : 

"  He  was  an  acute  and  able  critic :  the  enthusiastic  admirers  of 
Milton  and  the  friends  of  Gray  will  have  something  to  complain 
of,  but  criticism  is  a  task  which  no  man  executes  to  all  men's  satis 
faction.  ...  A  work  of  merit,  which  abounds  in  beauties  far  more 
prominent  than  its  defects,  and  much  more  pleasing  to  contemplate." 
— Cumberland's  Memoirs :  Samuel  Johnson. 


Dr.  Channing  is  more  lenient  to  Johnson  than  many  of 
Milton's  apologists  are  disposed  to  be : 

"  We  could  find  no  pleasure  in  sacrificing  one  great  man  to  the 
manes  of  another.  ...  He  did  not  and  he  could  not  appreciate 
Milton.  We  doubt  whether  two  other  minds,  having  so  little  in 
common  as  those  of  which  we  are  speaking,  can  be  found  in  the 
higher  walks  of  literature.  Johnson  was  great  in  his  own  sphere, 
but  that  sphere  was  comparatively  of  '  the  earth,'  while  Milton's 
was  only  inferior  to  that  of  angels.  It  was  customary,  in  the  day 
of  Johnson's  glory,  to  call  him  a  giant,  to  class  him  with  a  mighty 
but  still  an  earth-born  race.  Milton  we  should  rank  among 
seraphs." 

Channing  proceeds  in  this  truly -eloquent  strain  for  some 
lines,  and  then  applies  the  contrast  to  the  reader's  own 
judgment,  by  demanding, 

"  How  could  Johnson  be  just  to  Milton  1"— Remarks  on  the  Cha 
racter  and  Writings  of  John  Milton. 

Johnson  here  escapes  far  more  easily  than  he  generally 
does  when  arraigned  for  this  oft-urged  offence,  and  this 
mitigation  of  punishment  will  be  demurred  at  by  many 
of  the  champions  of  the  immortal  Milton.  But  we  have 
a  higher  defence  to  plead,  (or  rather  to  adduce,  for  we  plead 
nothing  on  either  side;)  nothing  less  than  an  entire  ac 
quittal  of  the  alleged  culprit : 

"That  he  had  strong  prepossessions  against  Milton's  political 
opinions  cannot  be  doubted ;  but  it  is  extremely  incorrect  to  affirm, 
as  has  been  too  generally  affirmed,  that  this  feeling  made  him  unfair 
to  that  great  poet's  merits.  No  one  can  read  hia  criticism  on  Para 
dise  Lost,  without  perceiving  that  he  places  it  next  to  the  Iliad,  and 
in  some  respects  on  an  equal,  if  not  a  higher,  level.  The  praise 
of  it  in  The  Rambler  is  equally  ample.  His  objections  are  not  at 
all  groundless ;  and,  although  to  the  lesser  pieces  he  may  not  be 
equally  just,  it  is  certain  that,  except  to  the  Lycidas,  he  shows  no 
very  marked  unfairness,  while,  in  observing  the  faults  of  the  others, 
he  largely  commemorates  their  beauties." — LORD  BROUGHAM  :  Lives 
of  Men  of  Letters,  dc. 

As  regards  the  literary  merits  of  Johnson's  review  of 
PARADISE  LOST,  perhaps  many  scholars,  of  all  classes  of 
opinions,  will  acknowledge  a  participation,  to  some  extent, 
in  the  enthusiasm  which  animates  the  glowing  eulogy  of 
Dibdin  : 

"Who  that  reads  Johnson's  criticisms  on  certain  portions  of  the 
Paradise  Lost  is  not  convinced  that  he  is  reading  one  of  the  most 
masterly  performances  of  the  human  intellect  ?  exhibiting  an  ex 
tent  and  power  of  conception — a  vigour  and  felicity  of  diction — 
such  as  one  knows  not  where  to  find  equalled  in  any  modern  pro 
duction."—!,*.  Comp.,  ed.  1825,  521. 

Before  leaving  this  part  of  our  subject  we  must  not  omit 
to  notice  an  edit,  recently  issued  (Lon.,  1854,  3  vols.  8vo) 
of  Johnson's  Lives  of  the  British  Poets,  with  Notes,  cor 
rective  and  explanatory,  by  Peter  Cunningham.  This  the 
collector  of  a  "Johnsonian  Library"  must  immediately 
procure.  A  new  impression  of  Hazlitt's  ed.  of  the  Lives 
of  the  Poets  was  also  pub.,  Lon.,  1854,  4  vols.  fp.  8vo. 
We  may  add  that  he  will  find  a  valuable  guide  to  John- 
soniana  in  the  list  furnished  by  Lowndes  (containing  about 
sixty  books)  in  the  Bibliographer's  Manual,  1032-1033. 
See  also  Index  to  Blackw.  Mag.,  vols.  i.-l. 

5.  DR.  JOHNSON'S  STYLE  OP  COMPOSITION. 

In  this  department  of  our  subject  also  we  shall  have 
something  to  produce  on  both  sides  of  the  question : 

"To  Johnson  may  be  attributed  the  establishment  of  our  present 
refinement,  and  it  is  with  truth  he  observes  of  his  Bambler,  '  That 
he  had  laboured  to  refine  our  language  to  grammatical  purity,  and 
to  clear  it  from  colloquial  barbarisms,  licentious  idioms,  and  irre 
gular  combinations,  and  that  he  has  added  to  the  elegance  of  its 
construction  and  to  the  harmony  of  its  cadence.' " — Disraeli 's  MisceU. 
of  Lit.;  Style;  ed.  Lon.,  1840,  7. 

"  Junius  and  Johnson  were  the  first  who  again  familiarized  ns 
with  more  glowing  and  sonorous  diction,  and  made  us  feel  the 
tameness  and  poorness  of  the  serious  style  of  Addison  and  Swift." 
— LORD  JEFFREY  :  Oontrib.  to  the  Edin.  Rev.,  Lon.,  1853,  77,  and  in 
Edin.  Rev.,  Sept.  1816. 

We  know  not  where  we  can  better  quote  Lord  Jeffrey's 
description  of  Johnson  as  "  that  great  master  of  reason," 
(Edin.  Rev.,  xv.  175,)  and  Sir  Archibald  Alison's  assertion 
(Hist,  of  Europe,  1789-1815,  chap.  Ix.)  that  Dr.  Johnson 
was  "  the  strongest  intellect  and  the  most  profound  ob 
server  of  the  eighteenth  century." 

"The  distinguishing  excellence  of  Johnson's  manner,  both  in 
speaking  and  writing,  consists  in  the  apt  and  lively  illustrations  by 
example  with  which,  in  his  vigorous  sallies,  he  enforces  his  just  and 
acute  remarks  on  human  life  and  manners,  in  all  their  modes  and 
representations ;  the  character  and  charm  of  his  style,  in  a  happy 
choice  of  dignified  and  appropriate  expressions,  and  that  masterly 
involution  of  phrase  by  which  he  contrives  to  bolt  the  prominent 
idea  strongly  on  the  mind." — Green's  Diary  of  a  Lover  of  Lit., 
Ipswich,  1810,  9-10. 

"  At  length  rose  the  Colossus  of  English  Philology,  SAMUEL  JOHN 
SON,  having  secretly  and  unremittingly  formed  his  style  upon  the 
basis  of  that  of  Sir  Thomas  Browne, — a  name  in  every  respect  to  be 
held  in  grateful  remembrance.  But  Johnson,  as  a  philologist,  is 
almost  an  original ;  and  doubtless  among  the  very  foremost  in  the 
ranks  of  the  literature  of  his  country.  And  yet,  I  know  not  how 
it  is,  but  as  years  creep  on  we  do  not  read  his  pages  with  that  de 
voted  enthusiasm  which  we  did  in  our  college  days :  for  where  is 
the  man  who,  having  turned  his  thirtieth  year,  peruses  either 
Rasselas  or  the  Rambler  1"— Dibdin's  Lib.  Oomp.,  ed.  1825,617-618. 

977 


JOH 


JOH 


"  His  writings  will  lire  forever,  still  more  and  more  studied  and 
admired,  white  Britons  shall  continue  to  be  characterized  by  a  love 
of  elegance  and  sublimity,  of  good  sense  and  virtue." — BISHOP 
HORNE. 

"Johnson's  first  style  was  naturally  energetic;  his  middle  style 
was  turgid  to  a  fault ;  his  latter  style  was  softened  down  and  har 
monized  into  periods  more  tuneful  and  more  intelligible." — Cum 
berland's  Memoirs. 

"  A  love  of  hard  and  learned  words  prevailed  throughout ;  and  a 
fondness  for  balanced  periods  was  its  special  characteristic.  But 
there  was  often  great  felicity  in  th&  expression,  occasionally  a  pleas 
ing  cadence  in  the  rhythm,  generally  an  epigrammatic  turn  in  the 
language,  as  well  as  in  the  idea.  Even  where  the  workmanship 
seemed  mosj  to  surpass  the  material,  and  the  word-craft  to  be  exer 
cised  needlessly  and  the  diction  to  run  to  waste,  there  was  never 
any  feebleness  to  complain  of,  and  always  something  of  skill  and 
effect  to  admire.  The  charm  of  nature  was  ever  wanting,  but  the 
presence  of  great  art  was  undeniable.  Nothing  was  seen  of  the 
careless  aspect  which  the  highest  of  artists  ever  give  their  master 
pieces, — the  produce  of  elaborate  but  concealed  pains ;  yet  the  strong 
hand  of  an  able  workman  was  always  marked ;  and  it  was  observed, 
too,  that  he  had  disdained  to  hide  from  us  the  far  less  labour  which 
he  had  much  more  easily  bestowed.  There  is  no  denying  that  some 
of  Johnson's  works,  from  the  meagreness  of  the  material  and  the 
regularity  of  the  monotonous  style,  are  exceedingly  little  adapted 
to  reading.  They  are  flimsy,  and  they  are  dull ;  they  are  pompous, 
and,  though  full  of  undeniable — indeed,  self-evident — truths,  they  are 
somewhat  empty;  they  are,  moreover,  wrapped  up  in  a  style  so 
disproportioned  in  its  importance,  that  the  perusal  becomes  very 
tiresome,  and  is  soon  given  up.  This  character  belongs  more  espe 
cially  to  the  Rambler,  the  object  of  such  unmeasured  praises  among 
his  followers,  and  from  which  he  derived  the  title  of  the  Great 
Moralist." — LORD  BROUGHAM  :  Lives  of  Men  of  Letters,  dc. 

The  reader  will  find  a  continuation  of  his  lordship's  re 
marks  in  our  notice  of  the  Rambler  in  a  preceding  page. 
The  noble  critic  places  the  Life  of  Cowley  at  "the  head 
of  all"  the  author's  writings,  and  (as  we  have  already  in 
timated)  considers  the  review  of  Soame  Jenyns's  Inquiry 
into  the  Origin  of  Evil  "  one  of  his  happiest  perform 
ances." 

"The  third  period  [in  the  progress  of  English  style]  may  be 
called  the  Rhetorical,  and  is  distinguished  by  the  prevalence  of  a 
school  of  writers  of  which  Johnson  was  the  founder.  The  funda 
mental  character  of  this  style  is  that  it  employs  undisguised  art 
where  classical  writers  appear  only  to  obey  the  impulse  of  a  culti 
vated  and  adorned  nature. .  .  . 

"  As  the  mind  of  Johnson  was  robust,  but  neither  nimble  nor 
graceful,  so  his  style,  though  sometimes  significant,  nervous,  and 
even  majestic,  was  void  of  all  grace  and  ease ;  and,  being  the  most 
unlike  of  all  styles  to  the  natural  effusion  of  a  cultivated  mind, 
had  the  least  pretensions  to  the  praise  of  eloquence.  During  the 
period,  now  near  a  close,  in  which  he  was  a  favourite  model,  a  stiff 
symmetry  and  tedious  monotony  succeeded  to  that  various  music 
with  which  the  taste  of  Addison  diversified  his  periods,  and  to  that 
natural  imagery  which  his  beautiful  genius  seemed,  with  graceful 
negligence,  to  scatter  over  his  composition." — SIR  JAMES  MACKIN 
TOSH  :  Memoirs  of  his  Life,  1835,  2  vols.  8vo. 

"What  most  distinguishes  Dr.  Johnson  from  other  writers  ia 
the  pomp  and  uniformity  of  his  style.  All  his  periods  are  cast  in 
the  same  mould,  are  of  the  same  size  and  shape,  and,  consequently, 
have  little  fitness  to  the  variety  of  things  he  professes  to  treat  of. 
His  subjects  are  familiar,  but  the  author  is  always  upon  stilts.  He 
has  neither  ease  nor  simplicity,  and  his  efforts  at  playfulness  in 
part  remind  one  of  the  lines  in  Milton : 

'  The  elephant 
To  make  them  sport  wreathed  his  proboscis  lithe.' " 

Hazlitt  on  the  Periodical  Essayist. 

"  All  his  books  are  written  in  a  learned  language ;  in  a  language 
which  nobody  hears  from  his  mother  or  his  nurse ;  in  a  language 
in  which  nobody  ever  quarrels,  or  drives  bargains,  or  makes  love ; 
in  a  language  in  which  nobody  ever  thinks.  .  .  .  Mannerism  is 
pardonable,  and  is  sometimes  even  agreeable,  when  the  manner, 
though  vicious,  is  natural.  Few  readers,  for  example,  would  be 
willing  to  part  with  the  mannerism  of  Milton  or  Burke.  But  a 
mannerism  which  does  not  sit  easy  on  the  mannerist — which  has 
been  adopted  on  principle,  and  which  can  be  sustained  only  by 
constant  effort — is  always  offensive.  And  such  is  the  mannerism 
of  Johnson."— T.  B.  MACAULAY  :  Crit.  and  Hist.  Essays,  Lon.,  1854, 
i.  398-399 ;  and  in  Edin.  Rev.,  Sept.  1831. 

"  The  Doctor's  taste  in  composition,'  remarks  Mr.  Prescott,  in 
his  notice  of  Johnson's  Lives  of  the  Poets,  just  quoted  from,  "  to 
judge  from  his  own  style,  was  not  of  the  highest  order.  It  was  a 
style,  indeed,  of  extraordinary  power,  suited  to  the  expression  of 
his  original  thinking,  bold,  vigorous,  and  glowing  with  all  the 
lustre  of  polished  antithesis.  But  the  brilliancy  is  cold,  and  the 
ornaments  are  much  too  florid  and  overcharged  for  a  gracefu 
effect."— Miscellanies,  1855,  248. 

"  No  man,"  remarks  one  of  the  greatest  masters  of  the  English 
^.f?6'  "contemplates  with  greater  tenderness  than  we  do  the 
Irailties  01  Dr.  Johnson ;  none  respects  more  the  sound  parts  of  his 
moral  system,  or  admires  more  the  vigor  of  the  elephantine  step 
with  which  he  sometimes  tramples  down  insolent  error  and  pre 
sumptuous  sophistry.  But  let  no  young  man  who  wishes  to  learn 
t»  write  well  study  his  style."— EDWARD  EVERETT:  N.Amer.  Rev. 

It  was  formerly  greatly  the  fashion  to  copy,  or  to  en 
deavour  to  copy,  the  "  Johnsonian  style."  Mr.  Macaulaj 
declared  (review  of  Croker's  Boswell,  Edin.  Rev.,  Sept 
1831)  that  Johnson's  "peculiarities  have  been  imitated 
by  his  admirers,  and  parodied  by  his  assailants,  till  the 
public  has  become  sick  of  the  subject." 

A  critic  in  the  same  periodical  (for  Oct.  1850)  remark 
that 

978 


"It  is  not  easy  for  those  who  have  not  inspected  contempo 
raneous  literature,  —  especially  its  second-rate  productions,  —  to 
conceive  to  what  an  extent  Johnson's  style  was  imitated  by  his 
admirers."— Vol.  xcii.  333. 

Sir  James  Mackintosh  observes,  as  late  as  1831,  that 
"  From  the  corruptions  introduced  by  Dr.  Johnson,  English  styie 
was  only  then  recovering." 
Disraeli  says : 

"  Such  was  the  influence  of  the  elaborate  novelty  of  Johnson, 
that  every  writer  in  every  class  servilely  copied  the  Latinized 
style,  ludicrously  mimicking  the  contortions  and  re-echoing  the 
onorous  nothings,  of  our  great  lexicographer.  The  novelist  of 
lomestic  life,  or  the  agriculturist  in  a  treatise  on  turnips,  alike 
aimed  at  the  polysyllabic  force  and  the  cadenced  period.  Such 
was  the  condition  of  English  style  for  more  than  twenty  years." — 
Miscett.  of  Lit.:  Style;  ed.  Lon.,  1840,  8. 

"  At  present,"  says  Hazlitt,  in  his  Sixth  Lecture  on  the  English 
'oets,  delivered  at  the  Surrey  Institution  in  1818,  ''we  cannot  see  a 
ottery-puff  or  a  quack  advertisement  pasted  against  a  wall,  that  ia 
not  perfectly  Johnsonian  in  style." 

"  His  brilliant  style,"  says  Mr.  Prescott,  "  has  been  the  imitation 
)f  every  schoolboy,  and  of  some  children  of  larger  growth,  since 
the  days  of  the  Rambler.  But  the  nearer  they  come  to  it  the 
worse.  The  beautiful  is  turned  into  the  fantastic,  and  the  sublime 
nto  the  ridiculous." — Miscellanies,  1855,  271-272, land  in  N.Amer. 
Review,  Oct.  1839. 

Dr.  Southey  regarded  these  imitators  with  as  little 
complacency.  "  Look,"  he  exclaims,  in  a  letter  to  Henry 
Taylor,  Dec.  31,  1825,  "at  the  imitations  of  Gibbon  and 
Johnson !" 

The  too  frequent  use  of  words  derived  from  the  Latin 
and  Greek  is  often  alleged  against  Johnson's  composi 
tions,  and,  we  think,  with  reason.  But  the  objector  often 
carries  his  charge  too  far.  The  use  of  such  derivatives 
in  moderation  and  with  propriety  is  to  be  encouraged 
rather  than  censured.  Those  who  display  their  ignorance 
of  the  language  by  accusing  Johnson  of  word-making 
will  have  to  revive  their  knowledge  of  early  English  vo 
cabularies.  Let  those  who  are  so  fond  of  Anglo-Saxon 
undefiled"  amuse  themselves  occasionally  with  a  page 
or  two  of  Aldhelm,  Ceolfrid  of  Wearmouth,  or  Felix  of 
Croyland.  Let  them  read  to  their  families,  for  weekday 
entertainment,  King  Alfred's  Orosius,  and  wind  up  the 
devotions  of  the  Sabbath  with  the  royal  translator's 
Psalms  of  David,  or  the  good  Alfric's  Paschal  Homily. 

6.  DR.  JOHNSON'S  APPEARANCE,  MANNERS,  AND  CON 
VERSATION. 

To  James  Boswell,  the  famous  biographer  of  Johnson, 
our  acknowledgments  have  already  been  made  in  the  ar 
ticle  devoted  to  the  consideration  of  his  literary  charac 
ter.  The  reader  will  there  find  many  tributes  to  the  merits 
of  a  work  which  can  never  lose  its  popularity,  and  will 
always  keep  fresh  in  the  minds  of  men  the  characters  of 
the  author  and  his  illustrious  subject.  Boswell's  account 
of  his  first  interview  with  the  formidable  lexicographer  is 
too  amusing  to  be  omitted.  It  occurred  in  the  back-par 
lour  of  Tom  Davies,  the  actor  and  bookseller,  (celebrated 
for  his  learning  and  his  handsome  wife,)  whom  we  have 
already  registered  on  the  482d  page  of  this  Dictionary. 

"Mr.  Davies  recollected  several  of  Johnson's  remarkable  sayings, 
and  was  one  of  the  best  of  the  many  imitators  of  his  voice  and 
manner  while  relating  them.  He  increased  my  impatience  more  and 
more  to  see  the  extraordinary  man  whose  works  I  highly  valued, 
and  whose  conversation  was  reported  to  be  so  peculiarly  excellent. 
"At  last,  on  Monday,  the  16th  of  May,  [1763,J  when  I  was  sitting 
in  Mr.  Davies's  back-parlour,  after  having  drunk  tea  with  him  and 
Mrs.  Davies,  Johnson  unexpectedly  came  into  the  shop ;  and  Mr. 
Davies  having  perceived  him  through  the  glass  door  in  the  room 
in  which  we  were  sitting  advancing  towards  us,  he  announced  his 
awful  approach  to  me,  somewhat  in  the  manner  of  an  actor  in  the 
part  of  Horatio,  when  he  addresses  Hamlet  on  the  appearance  of 
his  father's  ghost :  '  Look,  my  lord,  it  comes  1'  I  found  that  I  had 
a  very  perfect  idea  of  Johnson's  figure,  from  the  portrait  painted 
of  him  by  Sir  Joshua  Reynolds  after  he  had  published  his  Diction 
ary,  in  the  attitude  of  sitting  in  his  easy-chair  in  deep  meditation ; 
which  was  the  first  picture  his  friend  did  for  him,  which  Sir  Joshua 
very  kindly  presented  to  me,  and  from  which  an  engraving  has 
been  made  for  this  work.  Mr.  Davies  mentioned  my  name,  and 
respectfully  introduced  me  to  him.  I  was  much  agitated,  and, 
recollecting  his  prejudice  against  the  Scotch,  of  which  I  had  heard 
much,  I  said  to  Davies,  'Don't  tell  where  I  came  from.'  'From 
Scotland,'  cried  Davies,  rogueishly.  '  Mr.  Johnson,'  said  I,  '  I  do 
indeed  come  from  Scotland,  but  I  cannot  help  it.'  I  am  willing  to 
flatter  myself  that  I  meant  this  as  light  pleasantry  to  soothe  and 
conciliate  him,  and  not  as  a  humiliating  abasement  at  the  expense 
of  my  country.  But,  however  that  might  be,  this  speech  was 
somewhat  unlucky ;  for,  with  that  quickness  of  wit  for  which  he 
was  so  remarkable,  he  seized  the  expression  '  come  from  Scotland,' 
which  I  used  in  the  sense  of  being  of  that  country,  and,  as  if  I  had, 
said  that  I  had  come  away  from  it  or  left  it,  retorted, '  That,  sir,  I  find 
is  what  a  very  great  many  of  your  countrymen  cannot  help.'  This 
stroke  stunned  me  a  good  deal ;  and,  when  we  had  sat  down,  I  felt 
myself  not  a  little  embarrassed,  and  apprehensive  of  what  might 
come  next.  He  then  addressed  himself  to  Davies :  '  What  do  you 
think  of  Garrick  ?  He  has  refused  me  an  order  for  the  play  for 
Miss  Williams,  because  he  knows  the  house  will  be  full,  and  that 
an  order  will  be  worth  three  shillings.'  Eager  to  take  any  opening 
to  get  into  conversation  with  him,  I  ventured  to  say, '  0  sir,  I  can- 


JOH 


JOH 


not  think  Mr.  Garrick  would 


such  a  trifle  to  you.' 


on  the  subject.'  Perhaps  I  deserved  this  check  ;  for  it  was  rather 
presumptuous  in  me,  an  entire  stranger,'to  express  any  doubt  of 
the  justice  of  his  animadversion  upon  his  old  acquaintance  and 
pupil.  I  now  felt  myself  much  mortified,  and  began  to  think  that 


my  resolution  uncommonly  persevering,  so  rough  a 
ight  have  deterred  me  forever  from  making  any  fur 


the  hope  I  had  long  indulged  of  obtaining  his  acquaintance  was 
blasted.    And,  in  truth,  had  not  my  ardour  been  uncommonly 
strong  and  m 
reception  mi 

ther  attempts.  Fortunately,  however,  I  remained  upon  the  field, 
not  wholly  discomfited,  and  was  soon  rewarded  by  hearing  some 
of  his  conversation,  of  which  I  preserved  the  following  short  mi 
nute,  without  marking  the  questions  and  observations  by  which  it 
was  produced."  —  BoswdPs  Li  fe  of  Johnson,  Croker's  ed.,  Lon.,  1848, 
r.  8vo,  133-134.  See  the  note  to  p.  133  for  a  vindication  of  Garrick, 
or  rather,  for  evidence  of  his  liberality. 

The  acquaintance  thus  commenced  was  sedulously  cul 
tivated  by  Boswell;  and  until  his  great  friend's  demise, 
more  than  twenty  years  after  this  first  interview, 

"  The  worship  of  Johnson  was  his  grand,  ideal,  voluntary  busi 
ness.  Does  not  the  frothy-hearted  yet  enthusiastic  man,  doffing  his 
advocate's  wig,  regularly  take  post,  and  hurry  up  to  London,  for 
the  sake  of  his  sage  chiefly,  as  to  a  Feast  of  Tabernacles,  the  Sab 
bath  of  his  whole  year  ?"  —  Oarlyle's  Review  of  BosweU's  Johnson. 

How  faithfully  he  did  service  in  embalming  the  drop 
pings  of  wisdom  which  fell  from  those  revered  lips,  we 


<  Sir,'  j  tion  the  faithfulness  of  the  artist  after  reading  some  of 

fTht1'8  Letter$t  to  theiAe,v-  w-  J-Ter?le'  iust  br,ughl 

to  light  in  a  most  remarkable  manner,  (if  we  are  to  believe 
the  story,)  and  pub.  in  1857.  See  reviews  of  these  Letters 
in  Edin.  Rev.,  April,  1857  ;  Lon.  Gent.  Mag.,  Feb.,  1857  ; 
Lon.  Athenaeum,  Dec.  27,  1856  ;  the  Spectator,  Times,  Ac. 


But  really  we  think  Mr.  Macaulay  is  here  guilty  of  some 
thing  which  borders  on  caricature :  Boswell  was  certainly 
not  quite  such  a  born  and  perennial  fool  as  his  critic  makes 
him  appear.  Schlosser  is  disposed  to  ridicule  the  avidity 
with  which  the  English  devour 

"  Those  oracular  sayings  which  Boswell  has  collected  as  if  they 
were  pearls  and  diamonds.  Boswell  has  by  far  outstripped  the  col 
lectors  of  all  the  trifles,  personal  anecdotes,  and  miserable  nothings 
which  refer  to  GOthe,  and  the  English  have,  as  thankfully  and  with 
as  much  curiosity,  swallowed  every  triviality  about  this  much-ad 
mired  and  worshipped  critic  and  artist  in  taste  and  literature,  as  the 
Germans  every  trifling  anecdote  about  their  greatest  poet  and  prose- 
writer."—  Schlosaer's  Hist,  of  the  Eighteenth  Cent..  <£c.,  Davison's 
Trans.,  Lon.,  1844,  vol.4i.  68. 

But  who  can  marvel  that  all  who  love  the  English  tongue 
and  English  Republic  of  Letters  are  in  love  with  this  ini 
mitable  biography,  when  it  must  be  admitted  that — to  quote 
the  language  of  one  of  the  greatest  of  modern  writers — 

"Considering  the  eminent  persons  to  whom  Boswell's  Life  of 
Johnson  relates,  the  quantity  of  miscellaneous  information  and  en- 


have  many  evidences,  and  none  more  amusing  than  that  I  tertaining  gossip  which  it  brings  together,  it  may  be  termed,  with- 
rol .1(0,1  Viir  KA\aa  "Rurno-o-  •  out  exception,  the  best  parlour-table  book  that  ever  was  written." 

related  by  Miss  Burney  :  -to  WALTER  SCOTT. 

But  we  are  forgetting  to  give  some  description  of  the 
APPEARANCE  of  the  great  man,  as  promised  in  our  last 
heading.  Miss  Burney's  pencil  shall  he  again  called  to 
our  aid : 


"  When  in  that  presence"  says  the  fair  narrator,  "  he  was  unob 
servant,  if  not  contemptuous,  of  every  one  else.  In  truth,  when  he 
met  with  Dr.  Johnson,  he  commonly  forbore  even  answering  any 
thing  that  was  said,  or  attending  to  any  thing  that  went  forward, 
lest  he  should  miss  the  smallest  sound  from  that  voice  to  which  he 
paid  such  exclusive  though  merited  homage.  But  the  moment  that 
voice  burst  forth,  the  effect  which  it  excited  on  Mr.  Boswell 
amounted  almost  to  pain.  His  eyes  goggled  with  eagerness ;  he 
leant  his  ear  almost  on  the  shoulder  of  the  doctor,  and  his  mouth 
dropped  open  to  catch  every  syllable  that  might  be  uttered ;  nay, 
he  seemed  not  only  to  dread  losing  a  word,  but  to  be  anxious  not 
to  miss  a  breathing ;  as  if  hoping  from  it  latently,  or  mystically, 
some  information." 

The  great  man  was  not  so  much  conciliated  by  this  ex 
traordinary  deference  as  to  always  endure  Boswell's  curio 
sity  tamely.  On  one  occasion,  when  Boswell  had  been  for 
some  time  persisting  in  questioning  him  with,  "What  did 
you  do,  sir?"  "What  did  you  say,  sir?"  <fec.,  Johnson  at 
last  lost  all  patience,  and  exclaimed,  "I  will  not  be  put  to 
the  question,  sir !  Do  you  not  consider,  sir,  that  these  are 
not  the  manners  of  a  gentleman  ?  I  will  not  be  baited 
with  what  and  why.  What  is  this  ?  What  is  that  ?  Why 
is  a^ow's  tail  long  ?  Why  is  a  fox's  tail  bushy  ?"  "Why, 
sir,"  pleaded  Boswell,  "you  are  so  good  that  I  venture  to 
trouble  you."  "Sir,"  rejoined  Johnson,  "my  being  so 
good  is  no  reason  why  you  should  be  so  ill." 

Mr.  Macaulay's  portrait  of  Boswell  is  not  the  most  flat 
tering  in  the  world : 

"  He  was,  if  we  are  to  give  any  credit  to  his  own  account  or  to 
the  united  testimony  of  all  who  knew  him,  a  man  of  the  meanest 
and  feeblest  intellect.  Johnson  described  him  as  a  fellow  who  had 
missed  his  only  chance  of  immortality  by  not  having  been  alive 
when  the  Dunciad  was  written.  Beauclerk  used  his  name  as  a 
proverbial  expression  for  a  bore.  He  was  the  laughing-stock  of  the 
whole  of  that  brilliant  society  which  has  owed  to  him  the  greater 
part  of  its  fame.  .  .  .  Every  thing  which  another  would  have  hid 
den,  every  thing  the  publication  of  which  would  have  made  another 
man  hang  himself,  was  matter  of  gay  and  clamorous  exultation  to 
his  weak  and  diseased  mind.  What  silly  things  he  said,  what  bitter 
retorts  he  provoked,  how  at  one  place  he  was  troubled  with  evil 
presentiments  which  came  to  nothing,  how  at  another  place,  on 
waking  from  a  drunken  doze,  he  read  the  Prayer-Book  and, took  a 
hair  of  the  dog  that  had  bitten  him,  how  he  went  to  see  men  hanged 
and  came  away  maudlin,  how  he  added  five  hundred  pounds  to  the 
fortune  of  one  of  his  babies  because  he  was  not  scared  at  Johnson's 
ugly  face,  .  .  .  how  his  father,  and  the  very  wife  of  his  bosom, 
laughed  and  fretted  at  his  fooleries,— all  these  things  he  proclaimed 
to  all  the  world,  as  if  they  had  been  subjects  for  pride  and  osten 
tatious  rejoicing.  All  the  caprices  of  his  temper,  all  the  illusions 
of  his  vanity,  all  his  hypochondriac  whimsies,  all  his  castles  in  the 
air,  he  displayed  with  a  cool  self-complacency,  a  perfect  unconscious 
ness  that  he  was  making  a  fool  of  himself,  to  which  it  is  impossible 
to  find  a  parallel  in  the  whole  history  of  mankind.  He  has  used 
many  people  ill ;  but  assuredly  he  has  used  nobody  so  ill  as  him 
self  Of  all  the  talents  which  ordinarily  raise  men  to  eminence 
as  writers,  Boswell  had  absolutely  none.  There  is  not  in  all  his  books 
a  single  remark  of  his  own  on  literature,  politics,  religion,  or  society, 
which  is  not  either  commonplace  or  absurd.  His  dissertations  on 
hereditary  gentility,  on  the  slave-trade,  and  on  the  entailing  of 
landed  estates,  may  serve  as  examples.  To  say  that  these  passages 
are  sophistical  would  be  to  pay  them  an  extravagant  compliment. 
They  have  no  pretence  to  argument  or  even  to  meaning.  He  has 
reported  innumerable  observations  made  by  himself  in  the  course 
of  conversation.  Of  these  observations  we  do  not  remember  one 
which  is  above  the  intellectual  capacity  of  a  boy  of  fifteen.  He 
has  printed  many  of  his  own  letters,  and  in  these  letters  he  is  always 
ranting  or  twaddling."— Essays,  1854,  i.  370,  371,  372,  373. 

This  is  an  admirably-drawn  portrait,  and,  unfortunately 
for  the  subject,  those  who  have  been  inclined  to  think  it 
too  highly  coloured  will  perhaps  be  less  disposed  to  ques- 


"  He  is,  indeed,  very  ill-favoured  I  Yet  he  has  naturally  a  noble 
figure, — tall,  stout,  grand,  and  authoritative :  but  he  stoops  horribly ; 
his  back  is  quite  round;  his  mouth  is  continually  opening  and 
shutting,  as  if  he  were  chewing  something;  he  has  a  singular 
method  of  twirling  his  fingers  and  twisting  his  hands ;  his  vast 
body  is  in  constant  agitation,  see-sawing  backwards  and  forwards ; 
his  feet  are  never  a  moment  quiet,  and  his  whole  great  person 
looked  often  as  if  it  were  going  to  roll  itself,  quite  voluntarily,  from 
Its  chair  to  the  floor." 

Perhaps  no  one  has  better  described  the  dress  of  this 
strange-looking  giant  than  the  famous  satirical  poet  of  the 
day: 

"  Methinks  I  view  his  full,  plain  suit  of  brown, 

The  large  grey  bushy  wig,  that  graced  his  crown; 

Black  worsted  stockings,  little  silver  buckles, 

And  shirt,  that  had  no  ruffles  for  his  knuckles. 

I  mark  the  brown  greatcoat  of  cloth  he  wore, 

That  two  huge  Patagonian  pockets  bore, 

Which  Patagonians  (wondrous  to  unfold!) 

Would  fairly  both  his  Dictionaries  hold."— PETER  PINDAR. 

We  shall  have  more  to  quote  respecting  Johnson's  ap 
pearance  before  we  have  finished  this  article.  Let  us  now 
turn  to  his  CONVERSATION,  in  the  descriptions  of  which 
his  MANNERS  will,  of  course,  come  more  or  less  under 
notice !  In  our  introductory  quotation,  indeed,  (from  Miss 
Burney,)  Johnson's  manners,  or  want  of  manners,  occupy 
a  prominent  place. 

"Boswell's  Life  of  Johnson  has  given  a  wrong  impression  of  him 
in  some  respects.  When  we  see  four  large  volumes  written  upon  a 
man's  conversation,  through  a  period  of  forty  years,  and  his  remarks 
alone  set  down,  of  all  those  made  at  the  time,  we  naturally  take 
the  idea  that  Johnson  was  the  central  point  of  society  for  all  that 
period.  The  truth  is,  he  never  was  in  good  society,— at  least  in  those 
circles  where  men  of  letters  mix  with  the  fashionable  world.  His 
brutal,  intolerant  manners  excluded  him  from  it,  of  course.  He 
met  good  society,  to-be-sure,  at  the  Literary  Club  and  at  Sir  Joshua 
Reynolds's.  Gibbon  was  asked  why  he  did  not  talk  more  in  the 
presence  of  Dr.  Johnson.  '  Sir,'  replied  the  historian,  taking  a  pinch 
of  snuff,  '  I  have  no  pretensions  to  the  ability  of  contending  with 
Dr.  Johnson  in  brutality  and  insolence.' " — Sir  James  Mackintosh''! 
Conversations  with  Alexander  H.  Everett:  N.  Amer.  Rev.,  xxxv. 
445-446,0. 

Yet,  notwithstanding  the  apparent  severity  of  these 
strictures,  no  one  had  a  higher  opinion  of  Johnson's  con 
versational  abilities  and  moral  worth  than  Sir  James  en 
tertained,  as  we  shall  show  on  a  future  page. 

Johnson  himself  had  a  satisfactory  way  of  accounting 
for  the  absence  of  invitations  to  the  tables  of  the  great. 
"Lords  and  ladies,"  he  remarked,  "don't  like  to  have  their 
mouths  stopped."  But  the  truth  is,  as  Lord  Brougham 


very  correctly  remarks, 
"That  in  thos 


„.  those  days  no  one  was,  generally  speaking,  admitted 

into  patrician  society  merely  for  the  intrinsic  merits  of  his  writ 
ings  or  his  talk,  without  having  some  access  to  it  through  his  rank 

or  his  political  or  professional  eminence It  is  equally  erroneou 

to  suppose  that  Johnson's  rough  exterior,  or  his  uncouth  and  even 
unpleasant  habits,  could  have  prevented  his  fame  and  his  conver 
sation  from  being  sought  after  to  adorn  aristocratic  partit 
later  times.    All  these  petty  obstacles  would  have  been  easily  got 
over  by  the  vanity  of  having  such  a  person  to  show,  and,  inc 
by  the  real  interest  which  the  display  of  his  «***g*J""** 
would  have  possessed  among  a  more  refined  and  better-educated 
generation."— Lives  of  Men  of  Letters,  tfo. 

Horace  Walpole  was  one  of  the  principal  leaders  o 


JOH 


jon 


fashion  during  the  whole  of  Johnson's  literary  reign ;  and 
it  is  certain  that  he  would  never  have  subjected  his 
aristocratic  domains  to  the  Gothic  invasion  of  the  lexico 
grapher.  The  portrait  which  he  has  left  us  of  Johnson 
is  as  little  complimentary  as  that,  drawn  hy  Sir  James 
Mackintosh  : 

"With  a  lumber  of  learning  and  some  strong  parts,"  says 
Horace,  "  Johnson  was  an  odious  and  mean  character.  By  prin 
ciple  a  Jacobite,  arrogant,  self-sufficient,  and  overbearing  by  na 
ture,  ungrateful  through  pride,  and  of  feminine  bigotry,  he  had 
prostituted  his  pen  to  party,  even  in  a  dictionary,  and  had  after 
wards,  for  a  pension,  contradicted  his  own  definitions.  His  man 
ners  were  sordid,  supercilious,  and  brutal ;  his  style  ridiculously 
bombastic  and  vicious ;  and,  in  one  word,  with  all  the  pedantry,  he 
had  all  the  gigantic  littleness,  of  a  country  schoolmaster." — Me 
moirs  of  the  Reign  of  George  III.,  vol.  ii.  323. 

But  much  of  the  effect  of  the  dark  colours  of  this  pic 
ture  is  lost  upon  the  reader  when  he  remembers  Johnson's 
pertinacious  opposition  to  Sir  Robert  Walpole's  adminis 
tration  ;  and  especially  his  admission  to  Sir  George 
Staunton,  —  which  Horace  had  probably  heard,  —  that, 
when  he  made  parliamentary  speeches  for  the  Gentle 
man's  Magazine,  he  "  always  took  care  to  put  Sir  Robert 
Walpole  in  the  wrong,  and  to  say  every  thing  he  could 
against  the  electorate  of  Hanover."  Johnson  admitted 
rery  frankly  that  he  did  not  forget  his  politics  when  com 
posing  these  celebrated  parliamentary  speeches.  When  com 
mended,  long  afterwards,  for  having  "  dealt  out  reason  and 
eloquence  with  an  equal  hand  to  both  parties,"  "  That  is 
not  quite  true,"  said  Johnson :  "  I  saved  appearances  tole 
rably  well;  but  I  took  care  that  the  Whig  dogs  should  not 
have  the  best  of  it."  With  reference  to  Walpole's  sketch 
of  Johnson,  just  quoted,  we  may  add  that  the  celebrated 
Heroic  Epistle  in  which  Johnson  is  satirized  was  ascribed 
to  Walpole,  and  also  to  Mason,  or  to  both  combined. 
Lord  Chesterfield's  description  of  Johnson,  in  a  letter  to 
his  lordship's  son,  will  at  once  recur  to  many  of  our 
readers.  Boswell,  and  other  contemporaneous  chroni 
clers,  certainly  record  many  instances  of  colloquial  brus- 
querie — to  use  the  mildest  term — on  the  part  of  the  lexi 
cographer,  which  could  not  have  been  altogether  grateful 
to  the  feelings  of  even  the  humblest  of  the  great  man's 
admirer's.  Of  these  we  had  intended  to  quote  some  spe 
cimens,  but  our  limited  space  forbids.  One  amusing  in 
cident,  however,  must  not  be  omitted.  In  our  life  of 
Oliver  Goldsmith  we  quoted  George  Colman's  glowing 
tribute  to  the  kindness  of  heart  and  manner  which  so 
pre-eminently  distinguished  that  wayward  son  of  genius. 
The  same  excellent  story-teller — certainly  one  of  the  best 
of  modern  days — has  left  us  the  following  far  less  flatter 
ing  picture  of  Goldsmith's  "guide,  philosopher,  and 
friend :" 

"  My  boyish  mind  had  anticipated  an  awful  impression  when  I 
was  first  brought  unwittingly  into  the  presence  of  the  stupendous 
Johnson.  I  knew  not  then  that  he  had  '  a  love  for  little  children,' 
calling  them  '  pretty  dears  and  giving  them  sweetmeats,'  as  Bos- 
well  hath  since,  in  the  simplicity  of  his  heart,  narrated.  It  was 
my  hapless  lot,  however,  to  be  excluded  from  the  objects  of  this 
propension.  Perhaps,  at  my  age,  of  about  fourteen,  I  might  have 
been  too  old,  or  too  ugly ;  but  the  idea  of  Johnson's  carrying  bon 
bons  to  give  to  children  of  any  age  is  much  like  supposing  that  a 
Greenland  bear  has  a  pocket  stuff 'd  with  tartlets  for  travellers. 

"  On  the  day  of  my  introduction  he  was  asked  to  dinner  at  my 
father's  house,  in  Soho-square,  and  the  erudite  savage  came  a  full 
hour  before  his  time.  I  happened  to  be  with  my  father,  who  was 
beginning  his  toilette,  when  it  was  announced  to  him  that  the 
Doctor  had  arrived.  My  sire,  being  one  of  the  tributary  princes 
who  did  homage  to  this  monarch,  was  somewhat  flurried,  and, 
having  dressed  himself  hastily,  took  me  with  him  into  the  draw 
ing-room. 

"  On  our  entrance  we  found  Johnson  sitting  in  a  fauteuU  of  rose- 
coloured  satin,  the  arms  and  legs  of  which  (of  the  chair,  remem 
ber,  not  of  the  Doctor)  were  of  burnish'd  gold,  and  the  contrast 
of  the  man  with  the  seat  was  very  striking :  an  unwash'd  coal- 
heaver  in  a  vis-drtris  could  not  be  much  more  misplaced  than  John- 
eon  thus  deposited.  He  was  dress'd  in  a  rusty  suit  of  brown  cloth 
dittos,  with  black  worsted  stockings ;  his  old  yellow  wig  was  of 
formidable  dimensions;  and  the  learned  head  which  sustained  it 
roll'd  about  in  a  seemingly  paralytic  motion,  but,  in  the  perform 
ance  of  its  orbit,  it  inclined  chiefly  to  one  shoulder,  whether  to 
the  right  or  left  I  cannot  now  remember, — a  fault  never  to  be  for 
given  by  certain  of  the  Twaddleri,  who  think  these  matters  of  the 
utmost  importance.  He  deign'd  not  to  rise  on  our  entrance,  and 
we  stood  before  him  while  he  and  my  father  talk'd.  There  was 
goon  a  pause  in  the  colloquy ;  and  my  father,  making  his  advan 
tage  of  it,  took  me  by  the  hand,  and  said,  'Doctor  Johnson,  this 
is  a  little  Column.'  The  Doctor  bestow'd  a  slight,  ungracious 
glance  upon  me,  and,  continuing  the  rotary  motion  of  his  head, 
renew'd  the  previous  conversation.  Again  there  was  a  pause  ;— 
again  the  anxious  father,  who  had  fail'd  in  his  first  effort,  seized 
the  opportunity  for  pushing  his  progeny,  with,  '  This  is  my  son, 
Doctor  Johnson.'  The  great  man's  contempt  for  me  was  now 
roused  to  great  wrath ;  and,  knitting  his  brows,  he  exclaim'd,  in  a 
voice  of  thunder,  'I  see  him,  sirl'  He  then  fell  back  in  his  rose- 
colour'd  satin  fauteuil,  as  if  giving  himself  up  to  meditation,  im 
plying  that  he  would  not  be  further  plagued  either  with  an  old 
fool  or  a  young  one. 
980 


"  The  gigantick  Johnson  could  not  be  easily  thrown  out  at  win 
dow,  particularly  by  my  undersized  sire;  but  he  deserved  to  be 
quoited  down  stairs,  like  a  shave-groat  shilling;'  not  exactly, 
perhaps,  for  his  brutality  to  the  boy,  but  for  such  an  unprovoked 
insult  to  the  father  of  whose  hospitalities  he  was  partaking.  This, 
however,  is  only  one  among  the  numerous  traits  of  grossness  al 
ready  promulgated,  in  which  the  Bolt  Court  philosopher  completely 
falsified  the  principles  of  the  Roman  poet : 

1  in  genuas  didicisse  fideliter  artes, 
Emollit  mores,  nee  sinit  esse  feros.' 

"After  this  rude  rebuff  from  the  Doctor,  I  had  the  additional 
felicity  to  be  placed  next  to  him  at  dinner.  He  was  silent  over 
his  meal ;  but  I  observed  that  he  was,  as  Shylock  says  of  Lancelot 
Gobbo,  '  a  huge  feeder ;'  and,  during  the  display  of  his  voracity, 
(which  was  worthy  of  Bolt  Court,)  the  perspiration  fell  in  copious 
drops  from  his  visage  upon  the  table-cloth.  The  clumsiness  of  the 
bulky  animal,  his  strange  costume,  his  uncouth  gestures,  yet  the 
dominion  which  he  usurped  withal,  rendered  his  presence  a  phe 
nomenon  among  gentlemen  :  it  was  the  incursion  of  a  new  species 
of  barbarian, — a  learned  Attila,  King  of  the  Huns,  come  to  subju 
gate  polish'd  society.  Oliver  Goldsmith,  several  years  before  my 
luckless  presentation  to  Johnson,  proved  how  '  doctors  differ.' " 

Read  the  conclusion  of  this  anecdote  on  page  693  of  this 
Dictionary ;  commencing  with, 

"  I  was  only  five  years  old  when  Goldsmith  took  me  on  his  knee," 
&c. 

No  one  has  made  a  better  excuse  for  Johnson's  occa 
sional  roughness,  and  even  boorishness,  than  Sir  Walter 
Scott;  and  to  his  pages  (in  his  Life  of  Johnson)  we  must 
refer  the  reader : 

"He  was,  in  a  word,  despotic,"  remarks  Sir  Walter;  "and 
despotism  will  occasionally  lead  the  best  dispositions  into  an  un 
becoming  abuse  of  power.  It  is  not  likely  that  any  one  will  again 
enjoy,  or  have  an  opportunity  of  abusing,  the  singular  degree  of 
submission  which  was  rendered  to  Johnson  by  all  around  him." 

The  colloquial  monarch,  ruling  in  his  "pride  of  place," 
has  been  well  described  by  Lord  Brougham: 

"  He  loved  to  fill  a  chair,  surrounded  with  a  circle  well  known 
to  him,  and  ex  cathedra  to  deliver  his  judgments.  It  cannot  be 
said  that  this  was  any  thing  like  a  high  style  of  conversation.  It 
had  nothing  in  it  like  full  or  free  discussion ;  it  had  even  little  like 
free  interchange  of  sentiments  or  opinions.  It  was  occasionally 
enlivened  by  wit,  oftener  broken  by  a  growl  or  a  sneer  from  him, 
and  from  him  alone.  But  his  part  of  it  was  always  arrogant  and 
dictatorial ;  nor,  after  men's  curiosity  had  once  been  gratified  by 
assisting  at  one  of  these  talks,  did  any  but  the  small  number  of 
his  familiar  and  admiring  friends  often  desire  to  repeat  the  ex 
periment.  His  talk  was  most  commonly  for  victory,  rather  than 
directed  to  the  clearing  up  of  rational  doubt  or  the  ascertaining  of 
important  truth ;  nor,  unless  upon  the  serious  subject  of  religion, 
and  upon  some  of  the  points  involved  in  the  Whig  and  Tory  con 
troversy,  did  he  ever  seem  to  care  much  on  which  side  he  argued, 
dogmatized,  laughed  boisterously,  or  sneered  rudely." — Lives  of 
Men  of  Letters,  dc.  ^ 

His  wonderful  conversational  abilities  have  been  tho 
theme  of  unceasing  eulogy  from  this  day  to  our  own,  and 
cannot  fail  to  excite  the  admiration  of  our  latest  successors. 

"  When  animated  by  the  cheering  attention  of  friends  whom  he 
liked,  he  would  give  full  scope  to  those  talents  for  narration,  in 
which  I  verily  think  he  was  unrivalled  both  in  the  brilliancy  of  his 
wit,  the  flow  of  his  humour,  and  the  energy  of  his  language." — 
Cumberland's  Memoirs. 

"  I  do  not  care  on  what  subject  Johnson  talks,  but  I  love  better 
to  hear  him  talk  than  anybody :  he  either  gives  you  new  thoughts 
or  a  new  colouring." — ORME,  the  historian  of  India. 

"  The  most  triumphant  record  of  the  talents  and  character  of 
Johnson  is  to  be  found  in  BoswelPs  Life  of  him.  The  man  was  su 
perior  to  the  author.  When  he  laid  aside  his  pen,  which  he  regarded 
as  an  encumbrance,  he  became  not  only  learned  and  thoughtful, 
but  acute,  witty,  humorous,  natural,  honest,  hearty,  and  deter 
mined  ;  '  the  king  of  good  fellows  and  wale  of  old  men.'  There  are 
as  many  smart  repartees,  profound  remarks,  and  keen  invectives 
to  be  found  in  Boswell's  '  inventory  of  all  he  said,'  as  are  recorded 
of  any  celebrated  man.  The  life  and  dramatic  play  of  his  conver 
sation  forms  a  contrast  to  his  written  works.  His  natural  powers 
and  undisguised  opinions  were  called  out  in  convivial  intercourse. 
In  public  he  practised  with  the  foils :  in  private  he  unsheathed  tho 
sword  of  controversy,  and  it  was  the  Ebro's  temper." — Hazlitt  on 
the  Periodical  Essayists. 

"  There  was  a  pith  about  old  Samuel  which  nothing  could  stand 
up  against.  His  influence  was  not  so  much  that  of  an  author  as  a 
thinker.  He  was  the  most  powerful  intellect  in  the  world  of  books. 
He  was  the  Jackson  of  the  literary  ring — the  judge — the  emperor 
— a  giant — acknowledged  to  be  a  Saul  amongst  the  people.  Even 
David  Hume  would  have  been  like  a  woman  in  his  grasp ;  but,  odd 
enough,  the  two  never  met." — CHRISTOPHER  NORTH  :  Noctes  Ambro- 
siame,  April  2, 1822. 

"  BoswelFs  Life  of  Johnson  is  so  replete  with  the  sayings  and 
thoughts  of  the  intellectual  giant,  whom  it  was  so  much  his  object 
to  elevate,  even  above  his  natural  Patagonian  stature,  that  it  may 
be  regarded  as  a  sort  of  autobiography,  dictated  by  the  sage,  in  his 
moments  of  abandon,  to  his  devout  worshipper.  It  is  not  going  too 
far  to  say  that  it  is  among  the  most  popular  books  in  the  English 
language.  Johnson's  reputation  now  mainly  rests  on  that  bio 
graphy." — SIR  ARCHIBALD  ALISON:  Essays,  1850,  iii.  392;  and  in 
Blaclcw.  Mag.,  Sept.  1849. 

"  Johnson,  as  Mr.  Burke  most  justly  observed,  appears  far  greater 
in  Boswell's  books  than  in  his  own.  His  conversation  appears  to 
have  been  quite  equal  to  his  writings  in  matter,  and  far  superior  to 
them  in  manner.  When  hg  talked,  he  clothed  his  wit  and  his  sense 
in  forcible  and  natural  expressions.  As  soon  as  he  took  his  pen  in 
hand  to  write  for  the  public,  his  style  became  systematically  vicious. 
.  .  .  The  reputation  of  those  writings  which  he  probably  expected 
to  be  immortal  is  every  day  fading;  while  those  peculiarities  of 


JOH 

manner,  and  that  careless  table-talk,  the  memory  of  which,  he  pro 
bably  thought,  would  die  with  him,  are  likely  to  be  remembered  as 
long  as  the  English  language  is  spoken  in  any  quarter  of  the  globe." 
— T.  B.  MACAULAY:  Essays,  1854,  iii.  398,  401;  and  in  Edin.  Rev., 
Sept.  1831. 

"  How  much  is  Johnson  raised  in  our  estimation,  not  only  as  to 
intellect  but  personal  character,  by  the  industrious  eaves-droppings 
of  Boswell,  setting  down,  day  by  day,  in  his  note-book,  the  frag 
ments  of  his  most  loose  and  unweighed  conversations?" — LORD 
JEFFREY:  .Essays,  1850,  960;  and  in  Edin.  Rev.,  Oct.  1835. 

"  His  conversation,  which  was  one  of  the  most  powerful  instru 
ments  of  his  extensive  influence,  was  artificial,  dogmatic,  senten 
tious,  and  poignant ;  adapted,  with  the  most  admirable  versatility, 
to  every  subject  as  it  arose,  and  distinguished  by  an  almost  unpa 
ralleled  power  of  serious  repartee.  He  seems  to  have  considered 
himself  as  a  sort  of  colloquial  magistrate,  who  inflicted  severe  pu 
nishment  from  just  policy.  His  course  of  life  led  him  to  treat  those 
sensibilities,  which  such  severity  wounds,  as  fantastic  and  effemi 
nate  ;  and  he  entered  society  too  late  to  acquire  those  habits  of 
politeness  which  are  a  substitute  for  natural  delicacy." — SIR  JAMES 
MACKINTOSH  :  Memoirs  of  his  Life,  1835,  2  vols.  8vo. 

We  have  already  recorded  Sir  James's  opinion  of  John 
son's  manners,  and  shall  have  occasion  hereafter  to  adduce 
his  testimony  to  the  general  excellence  of  his  character. 
Sir  Walter  Scott  remarks,  with  great  truth : 

"  Of  all  the  men  distinguished  in  this  or  any  other  age,  Dr.  John 
son  has  left  upon  posterity  the  strongest  and  most  vivid  impression, 
so  far  as  person,  manners,  disposition,  and  conversation  are  con 
cerned.  We  do  but  name  him,  or  open  a  book  which  he  has  written, 
and  the  sound  and  action  recall  to  the  imagination,  at  once,  his  form, 
his  merits,  his  peculiarities,— nay,  the  very  uncouthness  of  his  ges 
tures,  and  the  deep  impressive  tone  of  his  voice.  ...  Ho  is  in  our 
mind's  eye  a  personification  as  lively  as  that  of  Siddons  in  Lady 
Macbeth,  or  Kemble  in  Cardinal  Wolsey."— Life  of  Johnson. 

Perhaps  no  one  has  drawn  so  admirable  a  miniature 
from  Boswell's  full-length  portrait  of  Johnson  as  Mr. 
Macaulay  has  presented  to  us: 

"  Johnson  grown  old,  Johnson  in  the  fulness  of  his  fame  and  in 
the  enjoyment  of  a  competent  fortune,  is  better  known  to  us  than 
any  other  man  in  history.  Every  thing  about  him.— his  coat,  his 
wig,  his  figure,  his  face,  his  scrofula,  his  St.  Vitus's  dance,  his  roll 
ing  walk,  his  blinking  eye.  the  outward  signs  which  too  clearly 
marked  his  approbation  of  his  dinner,  his  insatiable  appetite  for 
fish-sauce  and  veal-pie  with  plums,  his  inextinguishable  thirst  for 
tea,  his  trick  of  touching  the  posts  as  he  walked,  his  mysterious 
practice  of  treasuring  up  scraps  of  orange-peel,  his  morning  slum 
bers,  hia  midnight  disputations,  his  contortions,  his  muttcrings,  his 
gruntings,  his  puffings,  his  vigorous,  acute,  and  ready  eloquence, 
his  sarcastic  wit,  his  vehemence,  his  insolence,  his  fits  of  tempestu 
ous  rage,  his  queer  inmates,  old  Mr.  Levett  and  blind  Mrs.Williams, 
the  cat  Hodge  and  the  negro  Frank,— all  are  as  familiar  to  us  as  the 
objects  by  which  we  have  been  surrounded  from  childhood.  ...  As 
we  close  it  [Boswell's  Johnson]  the  club-room  is  before  us,  and  the 
table  on  which  stands  the  omelet  for  Nugent  and  the  lemons  for 
Johnson.  There  are  assembled  those  heads  which  live  forever  on 
the  canvas  of  Reynolds.  There  are  the  spectacles  of  Burke  and 
the  tall  thin  form  of  Langton,  the  courtly  sneer  of  Beauclerk  and 
the  beaming  smile  of  Garrick,  Gibbon  tapping  his  snuff-box  and 
Sir  Joshua  with  his  trumpet  in  his  ear.  In  the  foreground  is  that 
strange  figure  which  is  as  familiar  to  us  as  the  figures  of  those 
among  whom  we  have  been  brought  up,  the  gigantic  body,  the  huge 
massy  face  seamed  with  the  scars  of  disease,  the  brown  coat,  the 
black  worsted  stockings,  the  grey  wig  with  the  scorched  foretop, 
the  dirty  hands,  the  nails  bitten  and  pared  to  the  quick.  We  see 
the  eyes  and  mouth  moving  with  convulsive  twitches ;  we  see  the 
heavy  form  rolling;  we  hear  it  puffing;  and  then  comes  the  '  Why, 
sir!'  and  the  'What  then,  sir?'  and  the  'No,  sir!'  and  the  'You 
don't  see  your  way  through  the  question,  sir!'" — Essays,  1854,  i. 
375-576,  400-401;  and  in  Edin.  Rev.,  Sept.  1831. 

Johnson's  "inextinguishable  thirst  for  tea"  forms  so 
prominent  an  item  of  his  personal  character,  that  we  must 
permit  our  reader  to  behold  the  sage  at  one  tea-party  at 
least ;  and  this  shall  be  at  "  Cumbey's"  table,  where  the 
great  man  spent  many  a  happy  hour  of  social  chat: 

"At  the  tea-table  he  made  considerable  demands  upon  his  favourite 
beverage,  and  I  remember  when  Sir  Joshua  Reynolds  at  my  house 
reminded  him  that  he  had  drank  eleven  cups,  he  replied,  '  Sir,  I  did 
not  count  your  glasses  of  wine :  why  should  you  number  up  my 
cups  of  tea  ?'  And  then,  laughing  in  perfect  good-humour,  he  added : 
'  Sir,  I  should  have  released  the  lady  from  any  further  trouble,  if  it 
had  not  been  for  your  remark ;  but  you  have  reminded  me  that  I 
want  one  of  the  dozen,  and  I  must  request  Mrs.  Cumberland  to 
round  up  my  number.'  When  he  saw  the  readiness  and  compla 
cency  with  which  my  wife  obeyed  his  call,  he  turned  a  kind  and 
cheerful  look  upon  her,  and  said,  '  Madam,  I  must  tell  you,  for  your 
comfort,  you  have  escaped  much  better  than  a  certain  lady  did 
a  while  ago  upon  whose  patience  I  intruded  greatly  more  than  I 
have  done  on  yours ;  but  the  lady  asked  me  for  no  other  purpose 
than  to  make  a  Zany  of  me,  and  set  me  gabbling  to  a  parcel  of 
people  I  knew  nothing  of:  so,  madam,  I  had  my  revenge  of  her; 
for  I  swallowed  five-and-twenty  cups  of  her  tea,  and  did  not  treat 
her  with  as  many  words.'  I  can  only  say  my  wife  would  have  made 
tea  for  him  as  long  as  the  New  River  could  have  supplied  her  with 
water." — Cumberland's  Memoirs. 

Poor  Jonas  Hanway  found  to  his  cost  that  Johnson  was 
as  ready  to  take  up  the  cudgels  on  behnlf  of  his  favourite 
beverage  as  he  was  to  drink  it.  As  Mr.  Macaulay  also  refers 
to  that  famous  tabby,  the  cat  "  Hodge,"  this  respectable 
quadruped  must  not  be  forgotten  in  our  sketch  of  the  lexi 
cographer.  And,  indeed,  we  know  not  a  passage  we  could 
better  select  as  an  instance  of  the  manner  in  which  Boswell 
jots  down  the  most  trifling  remarks  which  fell  from  the  lips 


JOH 

of  his  illustrious  friend,  than  the  one  in  which  "Hodge" 
forms  the  principal  subject  of  discourse : 

"  Nor  would  it  be  just  under  this  head,"  says  Boswell.  "  to  omit 
the  fondness  which  he  showed  for  animals  which  he  had  taken 
under  his  protection.  I  never  shall  forget  the  indulgence  with 
which  he  treated  Hodge,  his  cat,  for  whom  he  himself  used  to  go 
out  and  buy  oysters,  lest  the  servants,  having  that  trouble,  should 
take  a  dislike  to  the  poor  creature.  I  am,  unluckily,  one  of  those 
who  have  an  antipathy  to  a  cat,  so  that  I  am  uneasy  when  in  th« 
room  with  one ;  and  I  own  I  frequently  suffered  a  good  deal  from 
the  presence  of  this  same  Hodge.  I  recollect  him  one  day  scramb 
ling  up  Dr.  Johnson's  breast,  apparently  with  much  satisfaction, 
while  my  friend,  smiling  and  half  whistling,  rubbed  down  his  back, 
and  pulled  him  by  the  tail ;  and  when  I  observed  he  was  a  fine  cat, 
[rather  hypocritical,  we  fear,  Jemmy  Boswell,]  saying,  'Why,  yes, 
sir;  but  I  have  had  cats  whom  I  liked  better  than  this;'  and  then, 
as  if  perceiving  Hodge  to  be  Out  of  countenance,  adding,  '  But  he  M 
a  very  fine  cat,— a  very  fine  cat  indeed.' " 

We  give  another  amusing  extract  from  Boswell's  inva 
luable  record,  which  is  also  quoted  (not  quite  accurately) 
by  Lord  Brougham,  with  a  very  appropriate  introduction : 

"  They,  however,  who  only  saw  this  distinguished  person  once 
or  twice  in  society,  were  apt  to  form  a  very  erroneous  estimate  of 
his  temper,  which  was  not  at  all  morose  or  sullen,  but  rather  kindly 
and  sociable.  He  loved  relaxation ;  he  enjoyed  merriment ;  he  even 
liked  to  indulge  in  sportive  and  playful  pleasantry,  when  his  animal 
spirits  were  gay, — pleasantry,  indeed,  somewhat  lumbering,  but 
agreeable  from  its  perfect  heartiness.  Nothing  can  be  more  droll 
than  the  scene  of  this  kind  of  which  Mr.  Boswell  has  preserved  the 
account,  and  into  the  humour  of  which  he  seems  to  have  been  in 
capable  of  entering.  When  some  one  was  mentioned  as  having 
come  to  Mr.  (afterward  Sir  Wm.)  Chambers,  to  draw  his  will,  giving 
his  estate  to  his  sisters,  Johnson  objected,  as  it  had  not  been  gained  by 
trade.  '  If  it  had,'  said  he,  '  he  might  have  left  it  to  the  dog  Towser, 
and  let  him  keep  his  own  name.'  He  then  went  on  laughing  im 
moderately  at  the  testator,  as  he  kept  calling  him.  'I  dare  say,' 
said  he,  '  he  thinks  he  has  done  a  mighty  thing :  he  won't  wait  till 
he  gets  home  to  his  seat :  he'll  call  up  the  landlord  of  the  first  inn 
on  the  road,  and,  after  a  suitable  preface  on  mortality  and  the  un 
certainty  of  life,  will  tell  him  that  he  should  not  delay  making  his 
will ;  and  here,  sir,  will  he  say,  is  my  will,  which  I  have  just  made, 
with  the  assistance  of  one  of  the  ablest  lawyers  in  the  kingdom, 
and  he  will  read  it  to  him,'  (Johnson  laughing  all  the  time.)  '  He 
believes  he  has  made  this  will;  but  he  did  not  make  it:  you, 
Chambers,  made  it  for  him.  I  trust  you  have  had  more  conscience 
than  to  make  him  say  being  of  sound  understanding — ha!  ha!  ha! 
I  hope  he  has  left  me  a  legacy.  I'd  have  his  will  turned  into  verse, 
like  a  ballad !'  '  Mr.  Chambers,'  says  Boswell,  '  didn't  by  any  means 
relish  this  jocularity,  upon  a  matter  of  which  pars  mag'na  fuit, 
and  seemed  impatient  till  he  got  rid  of  us.  Johnson  couldn't  stop 
his  merriment,  but  continued  it  all  the  way,  till  he  got  without  the 
Temple  Gate;  he  then  burst  into  such  a  fit  of  laughter,  that  he 
appeared  to  be  almost  in  a  convulsion,  and,  in  order  to  support 
himself,  laid  hold  of  one  of  the  posts  on  the  side  of  the  foot-pave 
ment,  and  sent  forth  peals  so  loud  that,  in  the  silence  of  the  night, 
his  voice  seemed  to  resound  from  Temple  Bar  to  Fleet  Ditch.1 " — 
Lives  of  Men  of  Letters,  <£c. 

It  is  easy  to  see,  as  Lord  Brougham  remarks,  that  "Bos 
well  was  incapable  of  entering  into  the  humour  of  this 
scene,"  and  the  moral  reflections  with  which  he  closes  the 
graphic  sketch  just  recorded  are  as  amusing  as  any  of  its 
details : 

"  This  most  ludicrous  exhibition  of  the  awful,  melancholy,  and 
venerable  Johnson  happened  well  to  counteract  the  feelings  of  sad 
ness  which  I  used  to  experience  when  parting  with  him  for  a  con 
siderable  time.  I  accompanied  him  to  his  door,  where  he  gave  me 
his  blessing." 

7.  DR.  JOHNSON'S  MORAL  AND  RELIGIOUS  CHARACTER. 

The  attention  of  this  great  man  was  at  an  early  age 
turned  to  the  consideration  of  those  important  truths  which 
only  the  foolish  and  the  thoughtless  dare  to  slight,  and 
which  demand  a  large  share  of  the  mind  and  heart  of 
every  accountable  and  immortal  being. 

"  When  at  Oxford,"  remarks  Johnson,  "  I  took  up  Law's  Serious 
Call  to  a  Holy  Life,  expecting  to  find  it  a  dull  book,  (as  such  books 
generally  are,)  and  perhaps  to  laugh  at  it.  But  I  found  Law  quite 
an  overmatch  for  me ;  and  this  was  the  first  occasion  of  my  think 
ing  in  earnest  of  religion  after  I  became  capable  of  rational  enquiry." 

"  From  this  time  forward,"  continues  his  biographer,  "  religion 
was  the  predominant  object  of  his  thoughts ;  though,  with  the  just 
sentiments  of  a  conscientious  Christian,  he  lamented  that  his  prac 
tice  of  its  duties  fell  far  short  of  what  it  ought  to  be." 

With  his  religious  peculiarities  of  doctrine  or  observance 
we  have  here,  of  course,  no  concern ;  and,  did  their  con 
sideration  legitimately  enter  into  our  province,  we  trust 
that  we  should  feel  no  temptation  to  indulge  in  those  un 
becoming  sneers  at  alleged  superstitions  and  rigid  cere 
monials  which  have  disgraced  critics  who  imagined  they 
were  ridiculing  the  subject  of  their  shallow  wit 

"  Few  men,"  says  Lord  Brougham,  "  have  perhaps  ever  lived,  in 
whose  thoughts  religion  had  a  larger  or  more  practical  share.  .  .  . 
He  was  friendly,  and  actively  so,  in  the  greatest  degree;  he  was 
charitable  even  beyond  what  prudential  considerations  might 
justify ;  as  firmly  as  he  believed  the  gospel,  so  constantly  did  h« 
practise  its  divine  maxim,  '  that  it  is  more  blessed  to  give  than  to 
receive.'  .  .  .  His  habitual  piety,  his  sense  of  his  own  imperfections, 
his  generally  blameless  conduct  in  the  various  relations  of  life, 
have  been  already  sufficiently  described,  and  have  been  illustrated 
in  the  preceding  narrative.  He  was  a  good  man,  as  he  was  a  great 
man;  and  he  had  so  firm  a  regard  for  virtue  that  he  wisely  set 


JOH 

much  greater  store  by  his  worth  than  by  his  fame." — Lives  of  Men 
of  Letters,  <&c. 

"He  loyed  the  poor  as  I  never  yet  saw  any  one  else  love  them, 
with  an  earnest  desire  to  make  them  happy.  In  pursuance  of  these 
principles,  he  nursed  whole  nests  of  people  in  his  house,  where  the 
lame,  the  blind,  the  sick,  and  the  sorrowful  found  a  sure  retreat." 
— MRS.  THRALE. 

"  Though  consciousness  of  superiority  might  sometimes  induce 
him  to  carry  it  high  with  man,  (and  even  this  was  much  abated  in 
the  latter  part  of  life,)  his  devotions  have  shown  to  the  whole  world 
how  humbly  he  walked  at  all  times  with  his  God."— BISHOP  HORNE. 

"If,  then,  it  be  asked,  who  first,  in  England,  at  this  period, 
breasted  the  waves  and  stemmed  the  tide  of  infidelity, — who,  en 
listing  wit  and  eloquence,  together  with  argument  and  learning,  on 
the  side  of  revealed  religion,  first  turned  the  literary  current  in  its 
favour,  and  mainly  prepared  the  reaction  which  succeeded, — that 
praise  seems  most  justly  to  belong  to  Dr.  Samuel  Johnson.  Religion 
was  with  him  no  mere  lip-service  nor  cold  formality :  he  was  mind 
ful  of  it  in  his  social  hours  as  much  as  in  his  graver  lucubrations ; 
and  he  brought  to  it,  not  merely  erudition  such  as  few  indeed  pos 
sessed,  but  the  weight  of  the  highest  character,  and  the  respect 
which  even  his  enemies  could  not  deny  him.  It  may  be  said  of  him 
that,  though  not  in  orders,  he  did  the  Church  of  England  better 
service  than  most  of  those  who  at  that  listless  era  ate  her  bread  " 
—LORD  MAHON  :  Hist  of  England,  vol.  vi. 

"  His  moral  principles  (if  the  language  may  be  allowed)  partook 
of  the  vigour  of  his  understanding.  He  was  conscientious,  sincere, 
determined ;  and  his  pride  was  no  more  than  a  steady  conscious 
ness  of  superiority  in  the  most  valuable  qualities  of  human  nature. 
His  friendships  were  not  only  firm,  but  generous  and  tender  be 
neath  a  rugged  exterior."— SIR  JAMES  MACKINTOSH:  Memoirs  of  his 

Sir  Walter  Scott  remarks  (in  his  Life  of  Johnson)  that, 
when  Johnson  died,  "virtue  was  deprived  of  a  steady  sup 
porter,"  and  that  all  the  deductions  which  can  be  made 
for  his  prejudices  of  opinion  and  "  violence  and  solecisms 
in  manners"  still  leave  "his  talents,  morals,  and  benevo 
lence  alike  irreproachable." 

Hazlitt,  (in  his  Lecture  on  the  Periodical  Essayists,) 
after  summing  up  Johnson's  many  good  qualities,  and  re 
ferring  to  his  prejudices,  concludes  with : 

"His  were  not  time-serving,  heartless,  hypocritical  prejudices; 
but  deep,  inwoven,  not  to  be  rooted  out  but  with  life  and  hope ; 
which  he  found  from  old  habit  necessary  to  his  own  peace  of  mind. 


JOH 

5.  Sportsman's  Cyclopaedia,  8vo;  £1  11s.  6d.  A  beautiful 
work,  with  50  steel  engravings,  after  Cooper,  Ward, 
Hancock,  <fcc. 

Johnson,  Theodore  T.  Sights  in  the  Gold  Re 
gions,  N.  York,  1849,  12mo. 

Johnson,  Thomas.  1.  Pathwaye  to  Readinge,  Lou., 
1590.  2.  Cornucopias,  1595,  4to  :  on  natural  history. 

Johnson,  Thomas,  M.D.,  d.  1644,  a  learned  bota 
nist,  pub.  a  trans,  of  Ambrose  Parey's  medical  and  surgical 
works,  edits.  1634-78,  and  several  botanical  works,  of  which 
Iter  in  Agrum  Cantianurn,  1620,  and  Ericetum  Hamstedia- 
num,  1632,  were  the  first  local  catalogues  of  plants  pub. 
in  England.  He  also  pub.  an  enlarged  and  amended  ed. 
of  Gerarde's  Herbal,  1633,  '34,  '36,  fol. ;  1744,  8vo.  See 
GERARDE,  JOHN.  See  also  Athen.  Oxon.;  Lloyd's  Me 
moirs  ;  Pulteuey's  Sketches. 

Johnson,  Thomas,  Fellow  of  Eton  College,  and  of 
Magdalene  Coll.,  Camb.,  pub.  Questiones  Philosophic^, 
an  ed.  of  Sophocles,  1705-06,  3  vols.,  and  some  other  clas 
sical  and  theolog.  works. 

Johnson,  Thomas.     Serm.,  1731,  8vo. 

Johnson,  Thomas.  Reasons  for  Dissenting  from 
the  Established  Church;  new  ed.,  Lon.,  1834,  18mo. 

Johnson,  W.  B.   Animal  Chemistry,  1803, 3  vols.  8vo. 

Johnson,  W.  G.     Braintree  Case,  Lon.,  1843,  8vo. 

Johnson,  Rev.  W.  R.  Historical  works,  Ac,  1807- 
12,  &c. 

Johnson,  Prof.  Walter  R.,  of  Philadelphia.  1. 
Natural  Philosophy,  on  the  basis  of  J.  M.  Moffat,  Phila., 
1835,  12mo;  originally  entitled,  Scientific  Class-Book, 
Part  1.  2.  Chemistry,  on  the  basis  of  J.  M.  Moffat, 
1835,  12mo ;  originally  entitled  Scientific  Class-Book, 
Part  2.  3.  Notes  on  the  use  of  Anthracite  Coal  in  the 
Manufacture  of  Iron,  Bost,  1841,  12mo.  4.  First  Amer. 
ed.  of  Prof.  F.  Knapp's  Chemical  Technology,  Phila., 
1848,  2  vols.  8vo.  5.  First  Amer  ed.  of  Prof.  J.  Weis- 


and  thought  so  to  the  peace  of  mankind.  I  do  not  hate,  but  lovc, 
him  for  them.  They  were  between  himself  and  his  conscience,  and 
should  be  left  to  that  higher  tribunal 

" '  Where  they  in  trembling  hope  repose, — 
The  bosom  of  his  Father  and  his  God.' 

"In  a  a  word,  he  has  left  behind  him  few  wiser  or  better  men." 
That,  with  all  his  coarseness  and  irritability,  he  was  a  man  of 
sterling  benevolence,  has  long  been  acknowledged.  But  how  gentle 
and  endearing  his  deportment  could  be,  was  not  known  till  the 
Recollections  of  Madame  D'Arblay  were  published."— T.  B.  MACUJ- 
LAY  :  Essays,  1854,  iii.  309. 

"The  comparison  which  we  have  instituted  [between  Milton  and 
Johnson]  has  compelled  us  to  notice  Johnson's  defects ;  but  we  trust 
we  are  not  blind  to  his  merits.  His  stately  march,  his  pomp  and 
power  of  language,  his  strength  of  thought,  his  reverence  for  virtue 


and  religion,  his  vigorous  logic,  his  practical  wisdom,  his  insight 
into  the  springs  of  human  action,  and  the  solemn  pathos  which 
occasionally  pervades  his  descriptions  of  life  and  his  references  to 
his  own  history,  command  our  willing  admiration." — WM  ELLERY 
CHANNINO  :  Remarks  on  the  Character  and  Writings  of  John  Milton. 
The  accounts  which  have  been  handed  down  to  us  of 
the  last  days  of  Johnson's  life  form  one  of  the  most  inte 
resting  portions  of  English  literary  annals.  It  was  on 
the  13th  of  December,  1784,  that  he  was  called  to  the 
rest  which  remaineth  for  those  who  cast  themselves  in 
humble  confidence  and  undoubting  trust  upon  the  promises 
of  that  Redeemer  who  is  the  saint's  dependence  and  the 
sinner's  hope.  We  may  not  doubt  that  to  him  the  exchange 
was  a  happy  one.  Error  there  had  been  in  his  life;  for 
who  is  there  among  the  children  of  men  who  hath  not  trans 
gressed?  But  there  had  been  hearty  repentance,  deep 
contrition,  and  fervent  faith.  He  had  proved  his  faith, 
too,  by  works  of  charity  and  deeds  of  love.  He  had  been 
literally  "  eyes  to  the  blind  and  feet  to  the  lame."  He  had 
"  strengthened  him  that  was  ready  to  perish,  and  he  had 
upholden  the  fallen."  His  bread  had  been  "  dealt  to  the 
hungry,  and  the  poor  and  cast-out  he  had  brought  to  his 
home."  The  promise  was  fulfilled  to  him,  as  it  hath  ever 
been  to  those  who  rely  upon  its  merciful  assurance  :  "In 
the  time  of  trouble,"  God  remembered  him,  and  freed  him 

frf\m   fVinf   {f  \\f\r\r\n  r*e*9*  -.,,1, :  ,.i.    1 j__i i_     111*         •        /•*  *» 


r~,  ,  bach's  Mechanics,  1849,  2  vols.  8vo.  See  GORDON,  PROF. 

peace  of  mind,  LEWIS.  6.  The  Coal-Trade  of  British  America,  Ac., 
Washington,  1850,  8vo. 

Johnson,  William.  The  Light  of  Navigation ;  con 
taining  the  Coasts  and  Havens  of  the  West,  North,  and 
East  Seas,  Amst>  1612,  4to. 

Johnson,  William,  Chymist,  pub.  a  chemical  lexi 
con,  Lon.,  1651,  '60,  8vo,  and  a  tract  on  G.  Thompson's 
Galeno  Pale  and  Odowde's  Poor  Man's  Physician,  1665, 
8vo. 

Johnson,  William,  D.D.,  d.  1666,  aged  54,  pub. 
three  serms.,  1664-70. 

Johnson,  Sir  William,  d.  in  New  York,  1774,  an 
eminent  military  officer,  pub.,  in  Phil.  Trans.,  1773,  a 


from  that  "  bondage"  which  had  so  long  held  him  in  "  fear 
of  death :"  he  resigned  his  soul  into  the  hands  of  his 
Creator  with  filial  confidence  and  triumphant  hope. 

Johnson,  Samuel  B.,  Lieut.  U.  States  Navy,  d.  1820. 
Letters  from  Chili,  1816. 

Johnson,  Mrs.  Sarah  Barclay.  Hadji  in  Syria: 
or,  Three  Years  in  Jerusalem,  Phila.,  1858  12mo  See 
Lon.  Athen.,  1858,  Pt,  2,  193. 

Johnson,  Rev.  T.     Hist,  of  Berwick-upon-Tweed. 

Johnson,  T.  B.  1.  Gamekeeper's  Direct.,  Lon.,  12mo. 
2.  Hunting  Direct.,  8vo.  3.  Shooter's  Companion,  12mo- 
see  Lon.  Sport.  Mag.  4.  Shooter's  Preceptor;  new  ed.,  1844 
12mo.  See  Works  of  the  Rev.  Sydney  Smith,  1854,  ii.  18e! 


paper  on  the  Customs,  Manners,  and  Languages  of  tho 
Northern  Indians  of  America. 

Johnson,  William.  Union  with  Ireland,  1798,  8ro. 
Johnson,  William,  d.  1848,  a  native  of  Middletown, 
Conn.,  graduated  at  Yale  College,  1788;  reporter  of  the 
Supreme  Ct.  of  N.  York,  1806-23,  and  of  the  Ct.  of  Chan 
cery  of  N.  York,  1814-23.  1.  Trans,  of  D.  A.  Azuni's 
Sistema  Universale  dei  principii  del  diritto  ruaritimo 
dell'  Europa,  N.  York,  1806,  2  vols.  8vo. 

"  The  student  will  find  this  work  highly  valuable  on  account  of 
the  numerous  biographical  and  bibliographical  notices  by  the 
author  and  his  translator." — Hoffman's  Leg.  Stu.,  465.  See  also 
2  Kent's  Com.,  4,  n. ;  Pref.  to  Johnson's  trans. ;  Marvin's  Leg.  Bib.,  81. 
2.  N.York  Supreme  Ct,  Ac.  Reports,  1799-1803;  N. 
York,  1808-12,  3  vols.  8vo ;  2d  ed.,  by  L.  B.  Shepard, 
1846,  3  vols.  8vo.  3.  N.  York  Supreme  Ct,  Ac.  Reports, 
1806-23;  3d  ed.,  Phila.,  1839,  20  vols.  8vo;  again,  N. 
York,  1845,  20  vols.  8vo.  4.  N.  York  Chancery  Reports,  &c., 
1814-23;  2ded.,  Phila.,  1825-29,7  vols.  8vo;  N.York,  1836, 
7  vols.  8vo.  5.  Digest  of  Cases  in  Supreme  Ct.  of  N.  York, 
&c.,  Albany,  1825, 2  vols.  8vo ;  Phila.,  1838,  3  vols.  in  2,  8vo. 
Johnson's  Reports  are  of  the  highest  authority,  and  con 
stantly  appealed  to.  See  6  Law  Reg.,  291 ;  Hoff.  Leg. 
Stu.,  168;  1  U.  S.  Law  Jour.,  175,  499,  ii.  288;  1  Ang.  L. 
L  9  Story's  Bills,  g  99,  n.;  Story's  Part,  g  280,  n.;  §  316, 
n. ;  Marvin's  Leg.  Bib.,  426;  Sharswood's' Profess.  Ethics, 
126 ;  N.  Amer.  Rev.,  140.  The  review  just  cited  is  by 
Judge  Story,  and  will  also  be  found  in  his  Miscell.  Writ., 
148.  See  also  his  Life  and  Letters,  i.  377,  379. 

"  No  lawyer  can  ever  express  a  better  wish  for  his  country's  juris 
prudence  than  that  it  may  possess  such  a  Chancellor  [Kent]  and 
such  a  Reporter."— JUDGE  STORY  :  Miscell.  Writings,  1852, 179. 

"Johnson  was  the  author  of  the  Life  of  Chancellor  Kent  in  the 
National  Portrait-Gallery  of  Distinguished  Americans,  and  the 
latter  dedicated  to  him  his  Commentaries. 

"  Johnson  was  a  man  of  pure  and  elevated  character,  an  able 
lawyer,  a  classical  scholar,  a  gentleman,  and  a  Christian." — JIox. 
JUDGE  DUER  :  Letter  to  t/ie  author  of  this  Dictionary,  N.  York,  Feb. 
23, 1857. 


JOH 

Johnson,  William,  of  Charleston,  S.C.,  Associate 
Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  U.  States,  d.  al 
Brooklyn,  1834.  Life  and  Corresp.  of  Major-Genera] 
Greene,  of  the  U.  States  Army,  Charleston,  1822,  2  vols. 
4to.  See  Blackw.  Mag.,  xvii.  68  ;  Peters's  Eeports,  vol. 
ix. ;  LEE,  HENRY,  1787-1837. 

Johnson,  William,  and  Nicholson,  Peter.  The 
Carpenter's  New  Guide;  15th  ed.,  Phila.,  J854,  4to ;  16th 
ed.,  entitled  Carpenter's  New  Guide,  hy  Peter  Nicholson; 
revised  by  N.  K.  Davis,  1856,  4to. 

Johnson,  William,  b.  at  Ladies'  Island,  S.C.,  1811. 
1.  Infant  Baptism  argued  from  Analogy.  2.  The 
Church's  Argument  for  Christianity.  3.  Examination 
of  Snodgrass  on  Apostolic  Succession.  4.  Examination 
of  Confirmation  Examined.  5.  Memoir  of  Rev.  N.  P. 
Knapp.  Edited  Select  Sermons  of  N.  P.  Knapp. 

Johnson,  William  Martin,  d.  1796,  at  Jamaica, 
Long  Island,  New  York,  was  the  author  of  a  number  of 
poems,  some  of  which  will  be  found  in  Duyckincks'  Cyc. 
of  Arner.  Lit.  See  also  Democratic  Rev.,  i.  293,  458. 

Johnson,  William  Moore,  andExley,  Thomas. 
The  Imperial  Encyclopaedia,  1809,  4  vols.  4to. 
Johnson.     See  JOHNSTON  and  JOHNSTOXE. 
Johnsoue,  Rev.  Fowler  de.    Vindic.  of  the  Book 
of  Genesis,  Lon.,  1838,  8vo. 

"  In  this  work  Dr.  Buckland's  objections  to  the  first  chapter  of 
Genesis  are  met  and  answered." — Lowndes's  Brit.  Lib.,  140. 
Johnston,  A.  J.     Exchequer  Bill,  Lon.,  1842,  8vo. 
Johnston,  or  Johnson,  Alexander,  M.D.,  d.  1799, 
aged  83.     Tracts  on  Drowned  Persons,  Lon.,  1773,  both 
8vo. 

Johnston,  Alexander.     Con.  to  Med.  Com.,  1788. 
Johnston,  Alexander.     Con.  to  Med.  Com.,  1795. 
Johnston,  Alexander  Keith,  Geographer  at  Edin 
burgh  in  Ordinary  to  her  Majesty,  and  one  of  the  most 
useful  writers  of  the  day,  was  b.  Dec.  28, 1804,  at  Kirkhill, 
in  the  county  of  Midlothian,  Scotland.     1.  The  National 
Atlas  of  General  and  Physical  Geography,  Edin.,  imp.  fol., 
1843,  £8  8*.;  Index,  1848,  7*.  6d. ;    2d  ed.,  1849,  half- 
bound,  £4  4s. ;  3d  ed.,  1855,  £4  14s.  6d. ;  plates  and  notes, 
half-Russia,  £8  8*. 

"As  accurate  in  their  geographical  details  as  they  are  beautiful 
in  their  execution."— SIR  DAVID  BREWSTER. 

Also  highly  commended  in  Alison's  Hist,  of  Europe,  by 
Professors  Traill  and  Jameson,  by  Dr.  Whewell,  Wm.  Gal- 
braith,  and  other  eminent  authorities. 

2.  The  Physical  Atlas  of  Natural  Phenomena,  1847-49, 
imp.  fol.,  30  maps,  £10  10*.;  reduced  ed.,  1849,  imp.  4to, 
25  maps,  £2  12*.  6d. ;  new  ed.,  1854-56,  12  Pts.  fol.,  at 
21*.  each ;  £12  12*.  complete. 

"  The  execution  of  the  plates  corresponds,  in  the  elegance  and 
perspicuity  of  the  engraving,  with  the  scientific  solidity  of  the  ma 
terials." — BARON  ALEXANDER  VON  HUMBOLDI:  d  Sans  Souci,  12th 
August,  1848. 

"  Your  Atlas  will  do  more  benefit  to  the  knowledge  of  our  planet, 
in  all  its  relations,  than  all  the  monstrous  Encyclopedia,  Cyclope- 
diae,  and  Libraries  of  Useful  Knowledge  could  effect." — BARON  LEO 
POLD  VON  BUCH  :  Berlin,  3d  July,  1848. 

"  I  appreciate  it  highly,  but  not  more  than  the  admirable  execu 
tion  of  so  difficult  and  arduous  a  work  merits." — MARY  SOMERVILLE, 
Chester  Square,  tth  May,  1848. 

We  have  many  more  testimonies  before  us  to  the  excel 
lence  of  this  work,  but  either  of  the  three  preceding  is 
amply  sufficient  to  give  a  character  to  The  Physical  Atlas. 

The  new  edition  includes  many  new  maps,  and  is  en 
riched  by  the  contributions  of  the  greatest  living  scientific 
men,  by  whose  researches  the  domain  of  Physical  Geo 
graphy  has  been  extended,  including  Sir  R.  Murchison, 
Prof.  E.  Forbes,  Col.  Sabine,  Sir  David  Brewster,  Ac.  A 
new  and  complete  Geographical  Map  of  the  United  States 
and  British  North  America,  compiled  from  the  latest  data, 
by  Prof.  Rogers,  (of  Boston,)  with  descriptive  Illustrated 
Notes,  is  for  the  first  time  given,  with  much  other  matter 
relating  to  this  Continent. 

3.  Atlas  to  Alison's  Hist,  of  Europe,  1848,  4to,  73*.  6<f.; 
sm.  4to,  52*.  6rf. ;  epitome,  4to,  7*.   4.  Dictionary  of  Geogra 
phy,  1850,  8vo,  pp.  1440,  36*. ;  2d  ed.,  1855,  8vo,  36*. ;  half- 
bound,  41*.     All  of  the  articles  were  written  by  Mr.  J.,  and 
from  original  materials.     Much  new  and  valuable  informa 
tion  will  be  found  regarding  Italy,  Spain,  Denmark,  Rus 
sia,  the  Netherlands,  East  and  West  Indies,  Brazil,  Ac. 

5.  Hand  Atlas  of  General  and  Descriptive  Geography, 
1852,  imp.  4to,  21*.  6.  Hand  Atlas  of  Physical  Geography, 
1852,  imp.  4to,  21*.  7.  Geographical  Projections  (8)  to 
accompany  Johnston's  Atlases  of  Physical  and  General 
School  Geography,  1852,  4to,  2*.  6d.  8.  School  Atlas  of 
General  Geography,  1852,  imp.  8vo,  12*.  6d. ;  in  a  portfolio, 
4to,  16«.  6d.  9.  School  Atlas  of  Physical  Geography,  1852, 
imp.  8vo,  12*.  6d. ;  in  a  portfolio,  4to,  16*.  Qd.  10.  Elemen- 


JOH 

tary  School  Atlas  of  General  and  Descriptive  Geography, 
1853,  4to,  7«.  6d. 

"  A  more  complete  work  for  educational  purposes  has  never  come 
under  our  notice."— Lon.  Educational  Times. 

11.  Hand  Atlas  of  Classical  Geography,  1853,  r.  4to,  21«. 
12.  School  Atlas  of  Classical  Geography,  1853,  r.  8vo,  12*. 
Qd.  13.  Skeleton  Charts  for  the  Direction  of  Winds,  Ac. 
in  the  Arabian  Sea,  1854,  r.  4to,  12*.  6d.  14.  Map  of  Eu 
rope,  1855,  4to,  in  cloth  case,  42*.  15.  Atlas  of  Astronomy, 
edited  by  J.  R.  Hind,  1855,  4to,  21*. ;  school  edit.,  imp.  8vo, 
12*.  &d.  16.  Atlas  of  the  War,  1856,  in  case,  6s.  17.  Atlas 
of  the  United  States,  British  and  Central  America,  by  A. 
K.  Johnston,  and  Prof.  Rogers,  (of  Boston,)  1857,  sm.  fol., 
27  plates.  Showing  the  Area  and  Population  of  the  Free 
and  Slave-holding  States,with  the  Plans  of  Cities,  Sea-Ports, 
Ac.  This  is  the  only  collection  of  Maps  of  those  countries 
from  documents  not  yet  pub.  (1857)  in  Europe  or  America. 

"  The  Gazetteer  which  bears  his  name  is  remarkable  for  its  com 
pleteness  ;  and  his  Atlas  of  the  United  States  of  America  supplies 
a  deficiency  which  has  long  been  felt  on  both  sides  of  the  Atlantic." 
— Edin.  Rev.,  Apr!!,  1857,  n. 

No  library  of  any  kind,  public  or  private,  clerical  or  lay, 
school  or  family,  should  be  without  the  invaluable  publica 
tions  of  Mr.  Alexander  Keith  Johnston. 

Johnston,  Andrew.  Notitia  Anglicana;  shewing,  1. 
The  Achievements  of  all  the  English  Nobility,  Ac.,  com 
plete,  Lon.,  1724,  2  vols.  8vo.  See  Moule's  Bibl.  Herald., 
318. 

Johnston,  Arthur,  M.D.,  1587-1641,  a  native  of  Cas- 
kieben,  near  Aberdeen,  took  his  medical  degree  at  Padua 
in  1610,  resided  abroad  about  twenty-four  years,  of  which 
twenty  were  spent  in  France,  returned  home  about  1632, 
and  died  at  Oxford.  He  was  one  of  the  best  Latin  scholars 
of  his  age,  and  pub.  several  works  in  that  language.  An 
edit,  of  his  works  was  pub.,  Middleb.,  in  1641.  Of  these 
the  best-known  is  his  Latin  version  of  the  Psalms  of  David, 
— Psalmorum  Davidis  Paraphrasis  Poetica,  et  Canticorum 
Evangelicorum,  Aberd.,  1637,  12mo.  Often  reprinted. 
There  formerly  existed  an  animated  dispute  (already  re 
ferred  to  by  us  in  our  life  of  George  Buchanan)  relative 
to  the  respective  merits  of  Johnston's  and  Buchanan's 
versions  of  the  Psalms.  We  give  the  opinions  of  several 
eminent  critics : 

"  A  sort  of  critical  controversy  was  carried  on  in  the  last  century, 
as  to  the  versions  of  the  Psalms  by  Buchanan  and  Johnston. 
Though  the  national  honour  may  seem  equally  secure  by  the  supe 
riority  of  either,  it  has,  I  believe,  been  usual  in  Scotland  to  maintain 
the  older  poet  against  all  the  world.  I  am  nevertheless  inclined  to 
think  that  Johnston's  Psalms,  all  of  which  are  in  elegiac  metre,  do 
not  fall  far  short  of  those  of  Buchanan  either  in  elegance  of  style 
or  in  correctness  of  Latinity.  In  the  137th,  with  which  Buchanan 
has  taken  much  pains,  he  may  be  allowed  the  preference,  but  not 
at  a  great  interval,  and  he  has  attained  his  superiority  by  too  much 
diffusiveness."— Hattam's  Lit.  Hist,  of  Europe,  4th  ed.,  Lon.,  1854, 
iii.  53. 

"  Arthur  Johnston  is  not  so  verbose,  and  has,  of  course,  more 
vigour ;  but  his  choice  of  a  couplet,  which  keeps  the  reader  always 
in  mind  of  the  puerile  epistles  of  Ovid,  was  singularly  injudicious." 
— DR.  BEATTIE  :  Dissertations  Moral  and  Critical. 

We  may  remark,  with  reference  to  Beattie's  mention  of 
Ovid,  that  Buchanan  was  formerly  called  the  Scottish 
Virgil,  and  Johnston  the  Scottish  Ovid. 

"  He  [Johnston]  has  many  beautiful  and  even  powerful  lines,  such 
as  can  scarce  be  matched  by  his  more  popular  competitor ;  the  style 
of  Johnston  possessing  somewhat  of  Ovidian  ease,  accompanied  with 
strength  and  simplicity,  while  the  tragic  pomp  and  worldly  parade 
of  Seneca  and  Prudentius  are  more  affected  by  Buchanan." — PROF. 
WM.  TENNANT:  Edin.  Lit.  Jour.,  iii.  289. 

Auditor  Benson  pub.  an  ed.  of  Johnston's  Version  in 
1740,  4to,  8vo,  and  12mo;  a  Prefatory  Discourse  to  it, 
1740,  8vo;  a  Conclusion  to  the  Discourse  in  1741,  and  a 
Supplement  to  it  in  the  same  year.  In  the  last  he  insti 
tuted  a  Comparison  between  Johnston  and  Buchanan,  and 
;ives  the  preference  to  the  former;  but  this  opinion  waa 
jontroverted  by  George  Ruddiman  in  A  Vindication  of 
[Buchanan's  Paraphrase,  pub.  in  1745,  8vo.  See  BENSON, 
WILLIAM.  Lord  Woodhouselee  prefers  Buchanan's  version 
aken  as  a  whole,  but  considers  that  Johnston  has  sur- 
mssed  the  former  in  some  of  the  Psalms,  for  instance, 
24th,  30th,  74th,  81st,  82d,  102d,  and,  above  all,  the  137th. 
See  Mr.  Hallam's  remark  just  quoted  respecting  the  137th 
Psalin,  Johnston's  version. 

Morhof  commends  Johnston's  version  in  high  terms : 

"  Arturus  Johnstonus,  in  Psalmorum  Yersione,  quemadmodum 
it  in  operibus  ceteris,  ubique  purus  et  tersus  est,  ut  ego  quidem 
nihil  in  illo  desiderare  possim." 

Dr.  Harwood  gives  us  little  information  when  he  informs 
us  that  Johnston  was  "  one  of  the  most  eloquent  Latin 
poets."  Johnston  pub.  in  1637,  Amst,  2  vols.  12mo,  a 
work  which  has  reflected  great  honour  upon  the  Scottish 
nation,  viz. :  Delicice  Poetarum  Scoticorum  hujus  J3vi  il- 
lustriuin,  to  which  he  was  a  large  contributor : 


JOH 

*  We  find  about  an  equal  produce  of  each  century,  the  whole 
tumber  being  thirty-seven.  Those  of  Johnston  himself,  and  some 
elegies  by  Scot  of  Scotsstarvet.  are  among  the  best.  The  Scots  cer 
tainly  wrote  Latin  with  a  good  ear  and  considerable  elegance  of 
phrase." — HALLAM  :  ubi  supra. 

"  Would  have  done  honour  to  any  country." — DR.  SAMUEL  JOHN- 
BON  :  Jour,  to  the  West.  Islands. 

Johnston  also  pub.  Elegia  in  Obitum  K.  Jacobi,  Lon., 
1625,  4to;  Epigrammata,  Aberd.,  1632,  Svo;  Parerga, 
1632,  8vo;  trans,  of  Solomon's  Song  into  Latin  Elegiac 
Verse,  Lon.,  1633,  Svo;  Musae  Aulicae,  1635,  8vo.  His 
translations  into  Latin  of  the  Te  Deum,  Creed,  Decalogue, 
Ac.  were  subjoined  to  his  Psalms.  See  Memoirs  of  John 
ston  prefixed  to  Auditor  Benson's  edit,  of  his  Psalms; 
Chalmers's  Life  of  Ruddiman;  Tytler's  Life  of  Kames; 
Beattie's  Dissertations;  Chambers  and  Thomson's  Biog. 
Diet,  of  Eminent  Scotsmen,  1855. 

Johnston,  Bryce,  D.D.,  1747-1805,  minister  of  Holy- 
wood,  Scotland,  pub.  several  single  serins.,  an  Essay  on 
Peace,  Ac.,  1801,  sm.  8vo,  and  the  following  works :  1. 
Comment,  on  the  Revelations  of  St.  John,  Edin.,  1794,  2 
vols.  8vo;  2d  ed.,  1807,  2  vols.  8vo. 

"  Distinguished  by  the  good  sense  and  intelligence  of  its  author. 
It  is  a  popular  rather  than  a  critical  book." — Orme's  Sill.  Bib. 

"A  work  well  calculated  for  general  use,  being  written  with 
perspicuity,  and  in  a  popular,  practical  strain."— Dr.  E.  WiUiams's 

2.  General  View  of  the  Agricult.  of  Dumfries,  1794,  4to. 
"The  work  was  reckoned  among  the  best  of  the  surveys." — 

Donaldson's  Agricult.  Biog. 

His  Serms.  and  Life  were  pub.  in  1808,  Svo,  by  his 
nephew,  the  Rev.  John  Johnston,  minister  of  Crossmichael, 
Scotland. 

Johnston,  Charles.  Travels  in  Southern  Abyssinia, 
Lon.,  1844,  2  vols.  8vo. 

"  The  pleasantest  traveller  we  have  read  since  Bruce."— Hunt's 
Journal. 

Favourably  noticed,  at  length,  in  the  London  and  West 
minster  Revs,  for  Dec.  1844,  and  by  other  periodicals. 

Johnston,  David,  M.D.,  of  Edinburgh.  1.  Hist, 
of  Public  Charity  in  France,  Edin.,  1829,  8vo.  2.  Public 
Education  in  France,  8vo. 

"An  elaborate  and  well-digested  treatise."— ion.  New  Monthly 
Mag. 

See  also  Quar.  Rev.;  Monthly  Mag.;  Literary  Chro 
nicle;  Scotsman. 

Johnston,  C.  F.  T.     See  JOHNSON. 

Johnston,  Elias.     To  Calculate,  1814,  12mo. 

Johnston,  Henry.     Gravel  and  Stone,  1806,  8vo. 

Johnston,  George,  M.D.,  of  Berwick-on-Tweed,  d. 
1855,  aged  58.  1.  Flora  of  Berwick-on-Tweed,  2  vols. 
8vo.  2.  Hist,  of  British  Zoophytes,  Edin.,  1838;  2d  ed., 
Lon.,  1847,  2  vols.  r.  8vo,  £2  2s.;  also  in  2  vols.  r.  8vo, 
£4  40. 

"  The  most  complete  and  accurate  account  of  the  British  forms 
of  these  animals  we  yet  possess."— ion.  Gtnt.  Mag.,  Sept.  1855. 

3.  Hist,  of  British  Sponges  and  Lithophytes,  1842,  8vo. 
"  The  best  and  most  complete  in  our  language." — Lon.  Gent.  Mag.. 

ubi  supra. 

4.  Introduction  to  Conchology,  1850,  8vo.     5.  The  Na 
tural  Hist,  of  the  Eastern  Borders :  vol.  i.,  Botany,  1854, 
Svo.     Reviewed  in  Lon.  Gent.  Mag.  for  April,  1854;  and 
see   same   periodical   for  Sept.  1855  for   a   biographical 
notice  of  Dr.  Johnston.     Dr.  J.  contributed  a  number  of 
papers  on  British  Annelids  and  Irish  Annelids  to  the  Annals 
of  Nat.  Hist.,  andpartially  prepared  a  work  on  Brit.Annelida. 

Johnston,  George,  M.D.    See  SINCLAIR,  EDWARD  B. 

Johnston,  James.  Investing  the  Duke  of  Branden 
burg  with  the  Order  of  the  Garter,  1690,  fol. 

Johnston,  James  F.  W.,  d.  1855,  aged  59,  a  native 
of  Paisley,  Reader  in  Chemistry  and  Mineralogy  in  the 
Univ.  of  Durham,  1833-55.  1.  Elements  of  Agricultural 
Chemistry  and  Geology,  Edin.,  1842,  Svo ;  6th  ed.,  1853, 
12mo.  2.  Suggestions  for  Experiments  in  Agriculture,- 
1843,  8vo.  3.  Catechism  of  Agricultural  Chemistry  and 
Geology,  1844,  16mo ;  33d  ed.,  1849,  fp.  Svo.  Trans,  into 
nearly  every  European  language,  and  taught  in  the 
schools  of  Germany,  Holland,  Flanders,  Italy,  Sweden,  ! 
Poland,  and  North  and  South  America.  4.  Lects.  on 
Agricult.  Chemistry  and  Geology,  1844,  8vo;  2d  ed., 
1847,  8vo. 

"A  most  valuable  and  interesting  course  of  lectures."— Lon. 
Quar.  Rev. 

"The  most  complete  account  of  agricultural  chemistry  we  pos 
sess."—  Royal  Agricult.  Jour. 

"Unquestionably  the  most  important  contribution  that  has  re 
cently  been  made  to  popular  science."— Sittiman's  Jour. 

5.  Contributions  to   Scientific  Agriculture,  1849,  Svo. 
6.    Treat,  on  Experimental  Agriculture,   1849,   8vo.      7. 
Use  of  Lime  in  Agriculture,  1849,  fp.  Svo. 

"All  that  is  known  about  lime,  both  in  a  scientific  and  practical 
point  of  view." — Scottish  Farmer. 


JOH 

8.  Notes  on  North  America :  Agricultural,  Economical 
and  Social,  1851,  2  vols.  Svo.     This  is  the  result  of  a  visit 
to  North  America  from  Aug.  1849  to  April,  1850. 

"  He  has  contrived  to  bring  together  a  larger  mass  of  varied  and 
valuable  information  on  the  present  condition  of  North  America 
than  is  to  be  found  in  any  work  yet  published."— Blackwood's 
Mag.,  Dec.  1851. 

"Well  written,  and  distinguished  everywhere  by  much  good 
sense."— ion.  Athenccum,  July  5,  1851. 

"Admirable  notes The  very  best  manual  for  intelligent  emi 
grants." — Lon.  Economist. 

So  much  for  British  opinions ;  but  a  much  less  favour 
able  verdict — by  Professor  Francis  Bowen — ^yill  be  found 
in  the  North  American  Review  for  July,  1851,  210-238. 

9.  Instructions  for  Analysis  of  Soils,  Limestone,  <fcc.;  3d 
ed.,  1855,  12mo.    10.  Chemistry  of  Common  Life,  1854-55, 
2  vols.  p.  8vo.     This  was  Professor  Johnston's  last  work, 
and  completed  but  a  few  months  before  his  death. 

"  One  of  the  most  agreeable  and  instructive  publications  of  the 
present  day."— Edin.  JKev. 

"  The  work  deserves  to  be  universally  read."— Brit.  Quar.  Rev. 
"  His  last  work  was  his  best."— Blackw.  Mag.,  Nov.  1855,  q.v.  for 
a  review  of  the  work,  and  an  obituary  notice  of  the  author. 

"  Professor  Johnston  has  done  more  than  has  ever  yet  been  done 
to  preach  science  to  the  masses."— Blackw.  Man.,  ubi  suvra  See 
also  Lon.  Gent.  Mag.,  N\>v.  1855. 

In  addition  to  the  commendations  of  the  Chemistry  of 
Common  Life  above  quoted,  we  have  thirteen  British  and 
six  American  ones  before  us,  equally  favourable  in  their 
tone. 

Prof.  Johnson  was  a  contributor  to  the  Edinburgh  Re 
view  and  to  Blackwood's  Magazine. 

Johnston,  John,  d.  1612,  a  native  of  Aberdeen,  a 
minister  of  the  Presbyterian  Church  of  Scotland,  and 
Professor  of  Divinity  in  the  College  of  St.  Andrew's,  was 
a  relative  of  Arthur  Johnston,  (ante,)  and  also  a  poet.  He 
pub.  the  following  poetical  works.  1.  Inscriptiones  Histo- 
ricae  Regum  Scotorum,  &c.,  Amst.,  1602,  '03, 4to.  2.  Heroes 
ex  omni  Historica  Scotica  Lectissiini,  Leyden,  1603,  4to. 

"Excellent  poems."— Bp.  fficolson's  Scot. Hist.  Lib.,ed.  1776, 66. 
Both  Nos.  1  and  2  will  be  found  in  the  Deliciaj  Poeta- 
rum  Scotorum.  3.  Consolatio  Christiana  sub  Cruce,  Ac., 
1609,  8vo.  4.  Iambi  Sacra,  1611.  5.  Tertrasticha  et 
Lemmata  Sacra — Item  Cantica  Sacra — Item  Icones  Re- 
gum  Judea?  et  Israelis,  Lug.  Bat.,  1612,  4to.  See  Cham 
bers  and  Thomson's  Biog.  Diet,  of  Eminent  Scotsmen, 
1855,  and  authorities  there  cited. 

Johnston,  John,  M.D.,  1603-1675,  a  native  of 
Sambter,  Great  Poland,  resided  some  time  in  England. 
He  pub.  in  Latin  a  number  of  works  on  natural  history, 
medicine,  history,  and  ethics,  of  which  the  best-known  is 
Historia  Naturalis  Animalium,  pub.  in  Parts,  1648-52. 

"The  text  is  extracted,  with  some  taste,  from  Gesner,  Aldro- 
vandus,  Macgraf,  and  Mouflet ;  and  it  answered  its  purpose,  as  an 
elementary  work  in  natural  history,  till  Linnaeus  taught  a  more 
accurate  method  of  classifying,  naming,  and  describing  animals. 
Even  Linna3us  cites  him  continually." — COVIER. 

A  portion  of  the  above — viz. :  a  Description  of  Four- 
footed  Beasts — was  trans,  into  English,  and  pub.  at  Am 
sterdam,  1678,  fol.  See  Chaufepie;  Moreri;  Saxii  Ono- 
mast. ;  Biog.  Univ. ;  Hallam's  Lit.  Hist,  of  Europe,  4th 
ed.,  Lon.,  1854,  iii.  208,  584. 

Johnston,  John,  1757-1820,  minister  of  Cross 
michael,  and  nephew  to  the  Rev.  Dr.  Bryce  Johnston. 
Memoirs  of  the  Life  of  Dr.  Bryce  Johnston,  prefixed  to 
his  Serms.,  1808,  Svo. 

Johnston,  John,  LL.D.,  b.  at  Bristol,  Maine,  grad. 
at  Bowdoin  Coll.,  1832 ;  Prof,  of  Natural  Science  in  Wes- 
leyan  Univ.,  1832  to  the  present  time,  (1855.)  1.  Elements 
of  Chemistry,  12mo.  2.  Manual  of  Natural  Philosophy; 
6th  ed.,  1857.  Highly  commended,  and  used  in  many 
schools,  as  are  also  the  following  works  edited  by  Prof.  J. 
3.  Dr.  Edward  Turner's  Chemistry,  12mo.  4.  Turner's 
Elementary  Chemistry;  6th  ed.,  revised,  with  new  illustra 
tions,  1857,  18mo. 

Johnston,  John,  D.D.  His  Autobiography  and  Mi 
nisterial  Life,  edited  and  compiled  by  the  Rev.  James 
Carnahan,  D.D.,  late  President  of  the  College  of  New 
Jersey,  N.  York,  1856. 

Johnston,  Joseph.     Serm.,  Edin.,  1778,  Svo. 

Johnston,  Judge  L.  F.  C.  Institutes  of  the  Civil 
Law  of  Spain,  trans,  from  the  6th  Spanish  ed.,  (Madrid, 
1805,)  Lon.,  1825,  r.  Svo. 

Johnston,  Nath.,  M.D.  Theolog.  and  polit.  tracts, 
Ac.,  1659-88.  See  Watt's  Bibl.  Brit. 

Johnston,  Robert,  a  Scotsman,  d.  1630?  1.  His 
toria  Rerum  Britannicorum,  ut  et  Multarum  Gallicarum, 
Belgicarum  et  Germanicarum,  tarn  Politicarum  quam  Ec- 
clesiasticarum,  ab  anno  1572  ad  annum  1628,  Amst., 
1642,  12mo.  Enlarged,  1655,  fol.  This  was  intended  as  a 
continuation  of  Buchanan's  History : 


JOH 


JOH 


*  Continued  in  the  same  fine  language  [Latin]  by  Robert  John- 
en." — Bp.  Nicolsoris  Scottish  Hint.  Lib.,  ed.  177t>.  34. 

"A  work  of  great  merit,  whether  we  consider  the  judicious 
structure  of  the  narrative,  the  sagacity  of  the  reflections,  the  acute 
discernment  of  characters,  or  the  classical  tincture  of  the  style." — 
LORD  WOODHOUSELEE. 

2.  Historie  of  Scotland  during  the  Minority  of  King 
James,  in  Latine ;  Done  into  English  by  T.  M.  [Thomas 
Middleton  ?]  Lon.,  1646,  24mo,  pp.  164.  Reprinted  in 
vol.  i.  of  Scotia  Rediviva,  Edin.,  1826,  8vo.  See  Cham 
bers  and  Thomson's  Biog.  Diet,  of  Eminent  Scotsmen, 
1855,  and  authorities  there  cited. 

"Robertus  Johnstonua  baroni  Killosensi  Brusio  dum  viveret, 
charus:  vir  variae  lectionis,  egregiee  eruditionis,  limati  judicii." — 
Sibbaldi  Biblioth.  Scot.  JUS.,  221. 

Johnston,  Robert.     Letter  to  Clergy,  1796,  8vo. 

Johnston,  Robert.  Travels  in  Russia,  &c.,  Lon., 
1815,  4to. 

Johnston,  Thomas.  Christ's  Watchword ;  or,  the 
Parable  of  the  Virgins  expounded,  Lon.,  1630,  4to. 

Johnston,  Thomas.  General  View  of  the  Agricult. 
of  the  County  of  Selkirk,  Lon.,  1794,  4to. 

"Well  performed." — Donaldson's  Agricult.  Biog. 

Johnston,  W.  and  A.  K.  1.  Emigration-Map  of 
Australia,  with  the  Gold  Districts,  Lon.,  1853,  12mo.  2. 
Map  of  the  Seat  of  War  in  the  Danubian  Principalities, 
Lon.,  1854,  12mo.  3.  Do.  in  the  Baltic  Sea,  1854,  12mo. 

Johnston,  William.     Con.  to  Ed.  Med.  Ess.,  1737. 

Johnston,  William.  A  Pronouncing  and  Spelling 
English  Dictionary,  Lon.,  1764,  12mo. 

Johnston,  William.  Hist,  of  Inventions  and  Dis 
coveries;  from  the  German  of  Beckmann;  Lon.,  1797-1814, 
4  vols.  8vo. 

"  This  work  is  the  result  of  the  most  extensive.varied,and  profound 
research  and  learning."— McCuttodi's  Lit.  of  Polit.  Earn.,  1845,  355. 

And  see  Biog.  Univers.  The  last  ed.  of  Beckmann's 
work  appeared  in  H.  G.  Bonn's  Standard  Library,  Lon., 
1846,  2  vols.  sq.  12mo.  This  ed.  is  revised  and  enlarged 
by  Drs.  Francis  and  Griffith.  Johnston  pub.  several  other 
works. 

Johnston,  William.  England  as  it  is  in  the  Nine 
teenth  Century :  Political,  Social,  and  Industrial,  Lon., 
1851,  2  vols.  p.  8vo. 

"Readable  and  well  written,  abounding  with  information  of 
many  kinds." — Edin.  Rev. 

"  G'est  un  ouvrage  plein  de  renseignements." — L* Illustration. 

Johnston.     See  JOHNSON  and  JOHNSTONS. 

Johnstone,  Mrs.,  of  Inverness,  Scotland,  a  popular 
n  ovelist  1.  Clan  Albin,  a  National  Tale,  Lon .,  1 8 1 5, 4  vols. 
12mo.  Anon. 

"NORTH.  'A  novel  of  great  merit,  full  of  incident  and  character, 
and  presenting  many  fine  and  bold  pictures  of  external  nature.' 

"  SHEPHERD.  '  She's  little  if  at  a'  inferior,  in  my  opinion,  to  the 
author  o'  the  Inheritance.'  "—Noctes  Ambrosianse,  Nov.  1826. 

2.  Elizabeth  De  Bruce,  Edin.,  1827,  3  vols.  p.  8vo.  3. 
The  Diversions  of  Holycot;  or,  Art  of  Thinking,  18mo. 
Highly  commended.  4.  Nights  of  the  Round  Table,  1835  ; 
1849,  2  vols.  18mo. 

"  One  of  the  most  meritorious  efforts  of  our  fiction-writers." — 
Lon.  Examiner. 

Mrs.  J.  edited  for  a  number  of  years  a  monthly  magazine 
established  at  Edinburgh  about  1830,  to  which  she  was  a 
contributor,  and  she  edited  and  contributed  to  the  Edin 
burgh  Tales,  a  weekly  issue  of  stories  and  novelettes. 
These  papers  were  bound  up  and  sold  together  (1845-46) 
in  3  vols.  r.  8vo,  and  a  new  ed.,  3  vols.  r.  8vo,  bound  in  1 
vol.,  was  pub.  in  1850.  The  contributors  to  this  agreeable 
collection  were  Mrs.  Johnstone,  Mrs.  Marsh,  M.  Fraser 
Tytler,  Mrs.  Gore,  Mrs.  Crowe,  John  Mills,  Miss  Mitford, 
Mary  Howitt,  William  Howitt,  Thomas  Carlyle,  Sir  T.  Dick 
Lauder,  &c.  Mrs.  Johnstone's  Tales  are,  The  Experiences 
of  Richard  Taylor;  Young  Mrs.  Roberts's  Three  Christmas 
Dinners;  Mary  Anne's  Hair;  Governor  Fox;  Little  Fanny 
Bethel ;  Frankland  the  Barrister ;  Mrs.  Mark  Luke,  or 
West-Country  Exclusives;  Violet  Hamilton,  or  The  Ta 
lented  Family ;  Mothering  Sunday,  or  Old  Usages ;  Andrew 
Howie,  the  Hand-loom  Weaver ;  The  Ventilator  of  the  Old 
House  of  Commons;  Blanche  Delamere;  The  Weird  of 
the  Winrams,  a  Tale  of  the  Persecuting  Times ;  Nighean 
Ceard,  or  the  Tinker's  Daughter, 

Mrs.  Johnstone's  stories  have  acquired  great  popularity. 

"Her  characters  are  strictly  drawn  from  life;  and  every  act  in 
which  they  are  involved  is  at  once  simply  and  naturally  tending  to 
impress  a  useful  lesson  of  worldly  wisdom  and  judicious  conduct." 
— Lon.  Lit.  Gaz. 

"  Mrs.  Johnstone's  Tales  are  a  happy  mixture  of  the  genial  and 
the  prudential."— LEIGH  HUNT. 

Johnstone,  Chevalier  de,  son  of  a  grocer  of  Edin 
burgh,  became  Aide-de-Camp  to  Lord  George  Murray,  and 
Assistant  Aide-de-Camp  to  Prince  Charles  Edward  the 
Pretender.  The  History  of  the  Rebellion  in  1745  and  1746, 
from  the  French,  Lon.,  1820,  4to. 


"  It  should  be  looked  at,  particularly  the  introduction,  which  is 
sensible  and  important.  The  notes  are  always  good.  .  .  .  The  last 
half  of  the  book  is  occupied  with  the  author's  adventures  and  efforts 
o  escape :  they  are  often  curious,  and  sometimes  descriptive  of 
manners." — Prof.  Smyth's  Lects.  on  Mod.  Hist. 

These  memoirs  possess  all  the  interest  of  romance,  and  exhibit 
traits  of  the  character  and  feeling  of  the  tunes."— GoodhugWs  Eng. 
Gent.  Lib.  Man..  1827,  56. 

We  suspect  our  friend  the  Chevalier  to  be  somewhat  of  a  Gas- 
conader,  and  we  are  not  willing  to  take  away  the  character  of 
Charles  for  courage  upon  such  suspicious  authority.  .  .  .  We  hap 
pen  to  know  that  some  of  his  stories  are  altogether  fictitious." — SIB 
WALTER  SCOTT  :  Life  and  Works  of  John  Home. 

Johnstone,  Hon.  Andrew  Cochrane.  1.  Pro 
ceed,  on  Major  J.  Gordon,  1804,  8vo.  2.  Defence  of  A. 
Johnstone,  1805,  8vo. 

Johnstone,  Charles,  an  Irishman,  who  d.  in  India 
about  1800.  1.  Chrysal ;  or,  The  Adventures  of  a  Guinea, 
1760, 2  vols. ;  3d  ed.,  1762,  2  vols.  in  1,  12mo.  Two  addit. 
vols.,  1765.  Often  reprinted.  Bested.,  Lon.,  1821,  3  vols. 
sm.  8vo.  A  key  to  the  characters  in  this  satirical  novel 
will  be  found  in  William  Davis's  Olio  of  Bibliog.  and  Lit 
Anec.,  13-21,  and  a  review  of  the  work,  with  a  life  of  the 
author,  is  in  Sir  Walter  Scott's  Miscell.  Prose  Works.  Sir 
Walter  says, 
"  We  may  safely  rate  Charles  Johnstone  as  a  prose  Juvenal." 

2.  The  Reverie;  or,  A  Flight  to  the  Paradise  of  Fools, 
1762,  2  vols.  12mo.  A  Satire.  3.  The  Hist,  of  Arsaces, 
Prince  of  Betlis,  1774,  2  vols.  12mo.  A  sort  of  political 
romance.  4.  The  Pilgrim;  or,  A  Picture  of  Life,  1775,  2 
vols.  12mo.  5.  The  Hist,  of  John  Juniper,  Esq.,  after* 
Juniper  Jack,  1781,  3  vols.  12mo.  A  romance  in  low  life. 
See  Chalmers's  Biog.  Diet. ;  Lon.  Gent.  Mag.,  vols.  Ixiv. 
591,  780,  Ixxvii.  631,  Ixxx.  311. 

Johnstone,  Edward,  M.D.  1.  Papers  in  Med.  Com., 
1777.  2.  Paper  in  Memoirs  Med.,  1790. 

Johnstone,  George.    Theolog.  treatises,  1732,  '33. 

Johnstone,  George,  M.P.,  Post-Captain  R.N.,  d. 
1787,  Governor  of  West  Florida,  1763,  pub.  Thoughts  on 
our  Acquisitions  in  the  East  Indies,  particularly  in  Bengal, 
1771,  8vo,  and  two  Speeches,  1768,  75. 

Johnstone,  James,  M.D.,  1730-1802,  a  native  of 
Annan,  Scotland,  practised  first  at  Kidderminster,  and  sub 
sequently  at  Worcester,  where  he  remained  until  his  death. 
He  pub.  a  number  of  valuable  professional  works,  1750-95, 
and  medical  papers  in  Phil.  Trans.,  Med.  Com.,  and  Me 
moirs  Med.,  1758-99.  Among  his  works  are  Histor.  Dissert, 
on  the  Malignant  Epidemic  Fever  of  1756,  Ac.,  Lon.,  1758, 
8vo,  and  Medical  Essays  and  Observations,  1795,  8vo.  His 
writings  were  held  in  great  esteem.  See  Chalmers's  Biog. 
Diet,  Lon.  Gent,  and  Month.  Magazines,  1802 ;  Doddridge'a 
Letters,  p.  354. 

Johnstone,  Rev.  James,  Chaplain  to  his  Britannic 
Majesty's  Envoy  Extraordinary  to  the  Court  of  Denmark. 
1.  Anecdotes  of  Olave  the  Black,  King  of  Man,  <fcc.,  Co- 
penh.,  1780,  8vo.  2.  The  Norwegian  Account  of  Haco's 
Expedition  against  Scotland,  A.D.  1263,  1782,  8vo.  3. 
Lodobrokar-Quida,  sine  loco,  1782, 12mo.  4.  Antiquitates 
Celto-Normanicae,  Copenh.,  1786,  4to.  5.  Antiquitates 
Celto-Scandicae,  1786,  4to. 

Johnstone,  James,  Physician  to  General  Hospital, 
Birmingham.  1.  A  Therapeutic  Arrangement  and  Sylla 
bus  of  Materia  Medica,  Lon.,  sm.  8vo. 

"  This  book  cannot  but  be  particularly  useful  to  those  who  intend 
to  lecture  or  write  upon  the  Materia  Medica,  as  well  as  to  the 
students  for  whose  particular  use  it  is  prepared." — Brit,  and  For. 
Med.  Rev. 

2.  Discourse  on  the  Phenomena  of  Sensation,  Lon., 
1840,  8vo. 

Johnstone,  John.    East  India  Stock,  1766. 

Johnstone,  John,  Land-Surveyor  and  Drainer  at 
Edinburgh,  pub.  an  Account  of  Joseph  Elkington's  System 
of  Draining,  Edin.,  1797,  4to.  Last  ed.,  1841,  8vo. 

"  Mr.  Johnstone  executed  his  task  most  creditably ;  but  the  falla 
cious  principle  has  long  since  vanished,  and  claims  no  notice  now. 
It  is  surprising  that  it  was  ever  entertained  at  all." — Donaldson's 
Agricult.  Biog.,  1854,  81. 

Elkington's  system  of  draining  was  at  one  time  held  in 
such  esteem,  that  a  Parliamentary  grant  of  £1000  was 
passed  for  the  purchase  of  his  secret  Johnstone  was  de 
puted  to  publish  this  secret  to  the  world,  and  the  work  was 
received  with  much  favour : 

"The  result,  published  by  Johnstone,  displays  one  of  the  most 
beautiful  and  important  applications  of  scientific  principles  to  prac 
tical  purposes  within  the  whole  range  of  human  knowledge." — 
Report  ofPrac.  of  Royal  Institute,  May  24, 1844. 

Johnstone,  John,  M.D.,  d.  1836,  aged  68,  a  son  of 
James  Johnstone,  M.D.,  of  Annan,  was  for  more  than  forty 
years  a  physician  at  Birmingham,  and  for  about  that  time 
the  intimate  friend  of  Dr.  Samuel  Parr,  whose  Works,  with 
Memoirs  of  his  Life  and  Writings  and  a  Selection  from  his 
Correspondence,  he  pub.  in  1828,  8  vols.  8vo  He  also 


JOH 


JON 


pub.  several  professional  works,  among  which  are  Medical 
Jurisprudence,  Lon.,  1800,  8vo.  See  a  biographical  notice 
of  Dr.  J.  in  Lon.  Gent.  Mag.,  May,  1837,  547-549. 

Johnstone,  John*  1.  Specimens  of  British  Poets, 
from  Chaucer  to  the  Present  Day,  with  Biograph.  and  Crit. 
Notices,  Edin.,  1828,  12mo  j  Lon.,  1837,  24mo. 

"  It  contains  the  most  precious  portion  of  the  most  precious  lite 
rature  in  existence." — Lon.  Athenaeum. 

2.  Specimens  of  Sacred  and  Serious  Poetry  from  Chaucer 
to  the  Present  Day,  with  Biograph.  and  Crit.  Notices,  24mo. 

"  Well  calculated  to  produce  and  fix  the  best  impressions,  and  to 
exalt  and  ennoble  the  character  and  enjoyments  of  human  beings." 
— Edin.  Theolog.  Mag. 

Johnstone,  John,  Rector  and  Vicar  of  Overton,Hants. 
The  Way  of  Life :  in  a  series  of  Serins.,  Lon.,  1841,  8vo. 

Johnston*',  W.  D.,  Rector  of  Ifield.  1.  Family 
Prayer,  Gravesend,  1844,  8vo.  2.  Baptism,  Lon.,  1845, 
12mo. 

Johnstone,  William.  Paper  in  Med.  Obs.  and  Inq., 
1762. 

Johnstone,  William  Henry,  Chaplain  of  Addis- 
combe.  1.  Israel  after  the  Flesh  ;  or,  The  Judaism  of  the 
Bible  separated  from  its  Spiritual  Religion,  Lon.,  1850,  8vo. 

"  The  reader  who  wishes  to  understand  accurately  the  relation 
of  Judaism,  as  a  polity,  to  the  spiritual  religion  taught  in  the 
Bible,  will  find  much  advantage  from  the  study  of  the  following 
book." — DR.  WM.  L.  ALEXANDER  :  Connex.  of  Old  and  JY.  Vests.,  ed. 
1853,  313-314. 

"  Characterized  by  sound  learning,  precision  of  statement,  and 
conclusiveness  of  reasoning." — Brit.  Quar.  Rev.,  Nov.  1852,  478. 

Also  commended  by  T.  K.  Arnold,  Kitto's  Journal,  Cam 
bridge  Chronicle,  &c. 

2.  Sunday  and  the  Sabbath,  1853,  sm.  8vo.  3.  The  Wor 
ship  of  Vanities;  a  Serm.,  Croydon,  1853,  8vo.  4.  Israel 
in  the  World ;  or,  the  Mission  of  the  Hebrews  to  the  Great 
Military  Monarchies,  1855,  fp.  8vo. 

Johnstone.     See  JOHNSTON  and  JOHNSON. 

Johnstoun,  James.  A  Juridical  Dissert,  on  Mar 
riage  Contracts  and  the  Marriages  of  Cousins-Germain; 
Illustrated  from  the  Canon  Law,  <fec.,  Lon.,  1734,  8vo. 

John n not,  James.  Country School-Houses,1859,8vo. 

Jole,  William.  A  Warning  to  Drunkards,  Lon.,  1680, 
4to.  Unfortunately,  this  book  is  still  needed. 

Joliltc,  Henry.  Responsio  Henrici  Joliffi  et  Robert! 
Jonson  ad  illos  Artie.  J.  Hoperi,  Antvo.,  1564,  8vo. 

Joliph,  William.     Serm.,  Lon.,  1589,  8vo. 

Jollic,  F.  1.  Cumberland  Manners,  &c.,  Carlisle, 
1811,  8vo.  2.  Cumberland  Guide,  &c.,  1811,  8vo. 

Jollie,  T.     Character  of  T.  Whitaker,  1712,  8vo. 

Jollife,  T.  R.  Letters  from  Palestine,  <fcc.,  1822,  2 
vols. 

Jolly,  Alexander,  D.D.,  1756-1838,  Bishop  of  Moray, 
Scotland,  was  ordained  Deacon,  1777 ;  Priest,  1778  ;  Pastor 
at  Turiff,  in  the  diocese  of  Aberdeen,  1777;  in  1788  re 
moved  to  Fraserburgh,  where  he  resided  for  forty-nine 
years ;  consecrated  Bishop  of  Dundee,  1796. 

1.  Baptismal  Regeneration,  1826 ;  new  ed.,  with  Account 
of  the  Author,  by  -Rev.  P.  Cheyne,  Lon.,  1840, 12mo.  This 
work  is  also  pub.  in  the  Voice  of  the  Church.  2.  Sunday 
Services  and  Holy  Days,  <fcc.,  1828  ;  3d  ed.,  with  Memoir 
of  the  Author,  by  Rt.  Rev.  Jas.  Walker,  D.D.,  Bishop  and 
Primus,  Edin.,  1840,  12mo.  See  also  Lon.  Gent.  Mag., 
Nov.  1838,  547.  3.  The  Christian  Sacrifice  in  the  Eucha 
rist,  1832,  12mo ;  2d  ed.,  Aberd.,  1847,  12mo. 

"  Evinces  Tractarian  tendencies." — BickersteWs  C.  S. 

See  Lon.  Gent.  Mag.,  Nov.  1838,  547,  for  a  very  favour 
able  notice  of  this  work.  The  See  of  Moray,  founded  in 
the  twelfth  century,  was  absorbed  in  other  dioceses  after 
the  decease  of  Bishop  Jolly. 

Jolly,  J.  B.  F.     Sciences  and  Philos.,  1806,  2  vols. 

Jonas,  A.     Law  of  Nisi  Prius,  Lon.,  1773,  12mo. 

Jonas,  Peter.  1.  Laws  of  Excise,  Lon.,  1802,  8vo. 
2.  Art  of  Gauging,  1804/06,  8vo.  3.  Hydrometrical  Tables, 
1807,  8vo. 

Jones.  Answer  to  Tate's  Question  cone,  the  Ancient 
Britons.  See  Hearne's  Discourses,  p.  213,  Oxf.,  1720,  8vo. 

Jones.  Guide  to  Norway;  or,  Salmon-Fisher's  Com 
panion,  by  Tolfrey,  Lon.,  12mo. 

Jones,  Mrs.,  of  Pantglass.  1,  Scattered  Leaves ;  or, 
Twilight  Trifles,  Lon.,  1853,  12rno.  2.  Lott— ery,  1858. 
Jones,  Captain.  His  Legend,  Lon.,  1636,  4to.  With 
Part  2,  1648,  4to;  1656,  4to ;  1659,  sm.  8vo;  1671,  4to. 
This  burlesque,  in  imitation  of  a  Welsh  poem  entitled 
Owdl  Rich.  Greulon,  was  written  by  the  Rev.  David  Lloyd. 
See  Bibl.  Anglo-Poet.,  433 ;  Athen.  Oxon. 

Jones,  A.  D.  Illustrated  American  Biography,  N. 
York,  1853,  8vo. 

Jones,  Abraham.     State  of  the  Country,  1794,  8vo. 
Jones,  Alexander,  M.D.,  of  New  York.    1.  Cuba  in 


1851,  N.Tork,  1851,  8vo.  2.  Histor.  Sketch  of  the  Electric 
Telegraph,  1852,  8vo.  3.  The  Cymry  of  Seventy-Six:  or, 
The  Welshmen  of  the  American  Revolution  and  their  De 
scendants,  1855,  8vo. 

Jones,  Rev.  Alfred.  The  Proper  Names  of  the  Old 
Testament  Scriptures  Expounded  and  Illustrated.  Lon.. 
1856,  4to. 

"  This  is  an  exceedingly  creditable  book, — creditable  alike  to  Mr. 
Jones  and  to  King's  College,  London,  of  which  he  is  one  of  the 
alumni.  The  value  of  such  a  work  to  the  clergyman  or  Biblical 
student  cannot  be  overrated." — Gent.  Mag.,  Aug.  1S56. 

Jones,  Alfred  B.     On  the  Teeth,  Lon.,  1853,  8vo. 

Jones,  Basset.  Lapis  Philosophorum  Examini  Sub- 
jectus,  Oxon.,  1648,  Svo. 

Jones,  C.,  "The  Crediton  Poet,"  d.  at  Keynsham, 
near  Bristol,  1792.  Poems. 

Jones,  C.  C.  Recollections  of  Royalty,  1190-1807, 
Lon.,  2  vols.  Svo. 

Jones,  C.  Handfield,  and  E.  H.  Sieveking,  As 
sistant-physicians  to  St.  Mary's  Hospital,  London.  1.  A 
Manual  of  Pathological  Anatomy,  Lon.,  1854,  fp. ;  1st  Amer. 
ed.,  revised,  Phila.,  1855,  Svo,  nearly  750  pp. 

"  A  comprehensive  English  work  on  Pathological  Anatomy  has 
long  been  a  desideratum  in  Medical  Literature ;  the  present  work 
fills  up  in  a  great  measure  the  deficiency  which  has  hitherto  existed, 
and  Drs.  Jones  and  Sieveking  deserve  great  credit  for  the  manner 
in  which  they  have  performed  their  task." — Lon.  Med.  Times  and 
Gazette. 

Also  highly  commended  by  The  Stethoscope,  the  N.  W, 
Med.  and  Surg.  Jour,  Ac.  2.  By  C.  H.  J.,  Pathological 
and  Clinical  Observations  on  Morbid  Conditions  of  the 
Stomach,  1855,  Svo. 

Jones,  C.  J.     Memoirs  of  Miss  O'Neil,  1816. 

Jones,  C.  J.  Collection  and  Recovery  of  Rent- 
Charge  ;  2d  ed.,  Lon.,  1849,  12mo. 

Jones,  Charles.     Serins.,  1705,  both  4to. 

Jones,  Charles.  Hoyle's  Games  Improved,  Lon., 
1779,  12mo. 

Jones,  Charles  A.,  of  Cincinnati,  a  son  of  George 
W.  Jones,  formerly  of  Philadelphia,  practised  Law  at 
Cincinnati,  and  subsequently  at  New  Orleans,  where  he 
died  in  1851.  The  Outlaw,  and  other  Poems,  Cincin., 
1835.  Privately  printed.  This  volume  evinces  the  pos 
session  of  uncommon  poetical  abilities. 

Jones,  Charles  Colcock,  D.D.  1.  The  Religious 
Instruction  of  Negroes  in  the  U.  States,  Savannah,  12rno. 
2.  The  Glory  of  Woman  is  the  fear  of  the  Lord,  Phila., 
18mo.  3.  Suggestions  on  the  Religious  Instruction  of 
Negroes  in  the  Southern  States,  1855,  ISino.  Other  pub 
lications. 

Jones,  D.     Discourse  on  Peace,  1795,  Svo. 

Jones,  David,  of  Marcham.     Serms.,  1690-1703. 

Jones,  David.  1.  The  Secret  Hist,  of  Whitehall, 
Lon.,  1697,  2  vols.  in  1,  Svo.  Continuation  from  1688  to 
1696,  8vo,  1697.  New  and  best  ed.  of  this  "scandalous 
history,"  1717,  2  vols.  12mo.  2.  Usury,  &c.,  1692,  4to.  3. 
Hist,  of  the  Turks,  1655-1701,  2  vols.  Svo.  4.  Life  of  K. 
James  II.,  1702,  Svo.  5.  Hist,  of  the  House  of  Bruns- 
wick-Lunenburgh,  1715,  Svo. 

Jones,  David,  a  native  of  Caernarvonshire,  who  died 
about  1780,  wrote  some  poetry,  edited  two  collections  of 
Welsh  poems,  and  made  a  collection  of  ancient  Welsh  MSS. 

Jones,  David,  of  Langar.      Serm.,  Lon.,  1796,  Svo. 

Jones,  David.     See  KEYWORTH,  THOMAS,  No.  1. 

Jones,  David.  The  Value  of  Annuities  and  Rever 
sionary  Payments ;  with  numerous  Tables,  Lon.,  1843,  2 
vols.  Svo. 

"An  able  scientific  treatise."— Me Cullocli's  Lit.  of  Polit.  Econ., 
252. 

"If  there  be  any  one  book  in  our  language,  or  any  other,  which, 
by  itself,  would  both  train  an  actuary  and  enable  him  to  practise 
his  profession,  this  is  the  one." — Lon.  Athenceum. 

Jones,  David  F.  Turnip-Husbandry,  Lon.,  1847, 
12mo. 

"  The  author  describes  most  correctly  the  most  approved  cultiva 
tion  and  use  of  the  turnip-plant." — Donaldson's  Agricult.  Biog. 

Jones,  E.  O.  1.  Religious  Knowledge  among  the  Poor 
in  1850  and  in  1750,  [Centen.  Prize  Essay,]  Lon.,  1850, 
12mo.  2.  Eminent  Characters  of  the  English  Revolu 
tionary  Period,  1853,  cr.  Svo. 

Jones,  E.  T.  1.  English  Book-Keeping  for  Schools, 
Lon.,  1840,  12mo.  2.  Science  of  Book-Keeping ;  8th  ed., 
1844,  r.  Svo ;  new  ed.,  1854,  r.  Svo. 

Jones,  Ebenezer.  Studies  of  Sensation  and  Event: 
Poems,  Lon.,  1843,  Svo. 

"  We  recommend  him  to  be  more  humble  in  his  pretensions  and 
simple  in  his  address  when  next  he  appears  in  public." — Lon.  Athen^ 
April  13, 1844. 

Jones,  Rev.  Edmund.  A  Relation  of  Ghosts  and 
Apparitions  which  commonly  appear  in  the  Principality 


JON 


JON 


of  Wales,  Brist.,  1767.  See  an  interesting  article  — in 
which  this  work  is  noticed — on  the  Popular  Superstitions 
of  the  Welsh  in  the  Lon.  Retrospec.  Review,  1825,  xi.  66- 
88.  2.  Account  of  the  Parish  of  Aberystrutb,  Trevecka, 
1779,  8vo. 

Jones,  Edward.  Young  Geographer  and  Astrono 
mer's  Best  Companion,  Lon.,  1773,  12mo;  2d  ed.,  1792. 

Jones,  Edward,  Bard  to  the  Prince  of  Wales,  and 
a  native  of  Merionethshire.  1.  Cicero's  Brutus,  Lon., 
1776,  8vo.  2.  Musical  and  Poetical  Relics  of  the  French 
Bards,  1784,  fol. ;  2d  ed.,  1794,  fol.;  3d  ed.,  1812,  fol.  j  new 
ed.,  3  vols.  4to.  3.  The  Bardic  Museum  of  Primitive 
British  Literature,  «fce.,  forming  a  2d  vol.  of  No.  2.  4. 
Minstrel  Serenades,  1809.  5.  Lyric  Airs,  1810,  fol.  6. 
Terpsichore's  Banquet,  1813. 

Jones,  Edward.  Index  to  the  Records  on  the  Re 
membrancer's  Side  of  the  Exchequer,  Lon.,  1793-95,  2 
vols.  foL 

Jones,  Edward.     Cockchafer;  Nic.  Jour.,  1802. 
Jones,  Edward.     1.  Prevention  of  Poverty,  Lon., 
1796,  8vo.     2.  Portugal  Convention  Defended,  1808,  8vo. 
Jones,  Edward.     Book-Keeping,  Brist.,  1796,  4to. 
Jones,  Edward.    Vaccination,  Lon.,  1806,  8vo. 
Jones,  Edward.     Levelling,  Lon.,  1841,  12mo. 
"A  general  treatise  on  the  subject." — Lon.  Times. 
Jones,  Edward  G.,  M.D.     Gout,  Lon.,  1810, 12mo. 
Jones,  Ernest,  a   barrister-at-law  of  London,   has 
gained  some  reputation  as  a  poet,  and  perhaps  as  much 
as  a  Chartist,  his  political  speeches  having  cost  him  a 
heavy  fine  and  two  years'  imprisonment.     1.  The  Wood- 
Spirit,  Lon.,  1841,  2  vols.  p.  8vo.     2.  My  Life :  a  Rhap 
sody.     3.  Chartist  Lyrics.     4.  The  Battle-Day,  and  other 
Poems,  1855,  12mo. 

"  Those  who  happen  to  be  acquainted  with  the  poetical  produc 
tions  of  Ernest  Jones  must  allow  that  they  possess  clearness  and 
force,  a  genial  perception  of  nature,  a  vigorous  imagination,  and  a 
Tivid  poetical  spirit.  Persons  who  expect  that  the  great  Chartist 
leader  will  infuse  low  Radical  ideas  in  low  Radical  fashion  into  his 
verses  will  find  themselves  mistaken." — Lon.  Spectator. 

5.  Emperor's  Vigil,  and  the  Waves  of  the  War,  1855, 
12mo. 

Jones,  Frederick.  1.  Tullagaurn  Expedit.  from 
Bombay,  1794,  4to.  2.  Letters,  1795,  4to. 

Jones,  Frederick  C.  Attorney's  Pocket-Book ;  7th 
ed.,  adapted  to  the  Law  of  1850,  by  J.  Crisp,  with  a  Supp. 
by  Rolla  Rouse,  1850,  2'vols.  12mo,  £1 1*.  An  Adaptation 
of  do.  by  R.  Rouse,  1850,  1  vol.,  3«.  6d. 

Jones,  G.  A  Hist,  of  the  Rise  and  Progress  of  Mu 
sic,  Theoretical  and  Practical,  1818. 

Jones,  G.  F.     Law  cone,  the  Liabilities  and  Rights 
of  Common  Carriers,  Lon.,  1827,  8vo. 
Jones,  George.    Friendly  Pill,  Lon.,  1674,  12mo. 
Jones,  George.     A  Comprehensive  Hebrew  Gram 
mar,  Dubl.,  1826,  8vo.   For  the  use  of  the  Univ.  of  Dublin. 
"  His  work  contains  a  summary  of  all  that  is  valuable  in  the 
Thesaurus  Grammaticus  of  Buxtorf." — Chris.  Exam.,  or  Church  of 
Ireland  Mag.,  Feb.  1827. 
See  Home's  Bibl.  Bib. 
Jones,  George.     1.  Hist,  of  Ancient  America  ante 
rior  to  the  Time  of  Columbus;  proving  the  Identity  of 
the  Aborigines  with  the  Tyrians  and  Israelites;  3d  ed., 
1843,  r.  8vo. 

"You  are  quite  welcome  to  make  any  use  you  please  of  my 
opinions  respecting  your  volume  on  the  Tyrian  Origin  of  the 
Temples  in  Central  America.  I  most  heartily  repeat  that  I  am 
convinced  you  have  fully  proved  your  case." — SIR  SAMUEL  RUSH 
MEYRICK  :  London,  August  lith,  1844. 

"  We  have  felt  much  reluctance  in  performing  the  painful  duty 
of  exposing  so  shallow  a  writer  as  Mr.  Jones." — Lon.  Atfien.,  July 
1, 1843,  where  Mr.  Jones  and  his  theory  suffer  severely  from  criti 
cal  handling. 

2.  Tecurnseh,  a  Tragedy,  The  Life  of  General  Harri 
son,  [late  Pres't  U.  States,]  and  the  First  Oration  on 
Shakspeare,  1844,  12mo. 

Jones,  George,  Chaplain  in  U.S.  Navy,  b.  July  30, 
1800,  near  York,  Penna.,  grad.  at  Yale  Coll.,  1823,  with  the 
highest  honours  of  his  class.  1.  Sketches  of  Naval  Life, 
New  Haven,  3  vols.  12mo.  2.  Excursions  to  Cairo,  Je 
rusalem,  Damascus,  and  Balbec,  N.  York,  1836,  12mo. 
He  accompanied  Commodore  Perry  on  the  Japan  Expedi 
tion,  and  has  published  (3)  the  results  of  his  observations 
for  two  years  on  the  Zodmcal  Light,  1  vol.  4to,  348  plates 
pp.  750.  The  new  theory  of  a  nebulous  ring  around  the 
earth  is  a  deduction  from  these  observations.  This  las 
work  forms  the  third  volume  of  Com.  Perry's  Japan  Ex 
pedition.  See  Bouvier's  Familiar  Astronomy,  1857,  405. 
Jones,  George  Matthew,  Captain  R.N.,  d.  1831 
Travels  in  Norway,  Sweden,  &c.,  Lon.,  1827,  2  vols.  8vo. 
Jones,  Gibbon.  Serins.,  1741,  '46,  both  8vo. 
Jones,  Giles,  in  conjunction  with  his  brother  GULF 


FITH  JO^ES  (po*i)  and  JOHN-  NEWBERY,  wrote  a  number 
f  Liliputian  Histories  for  the  Young. 

Jones,  Griffith,  1684-1761,  a  native  of  Caermarthen, 
lector  of  Llanddowror  in  that  county,  wrote  and  pub. 
everal  religious  treatises  in  Welsh  and  English,  of  which 
many  thousands,  together  with  thirty  thousand  Welsh 
Bibles,  were  distributed  by  his  agency  through  Wales. 
See  Sketch  of  his  Life  and  Character,  1762,  8vo. 

Jones,  Griffith,  Rector  of  Denbigh.  Popish  Objec- 
,ions  against  Protestants  Briefly  Answered,  Lon.,  1735> 
Sinn. 

Jones,  Griffith,  d.  1786,  was  concerned  with  his  bro 
ker  GILES  (ante)  and  JOHN  NEWBERY  (post)  in  the  author 
ship  of  the  Liliputian  Histories  for  the  Young,  and  was 
associated  with  Dr.  Samuel  Johnson  in  the  Literary  Maga- 
ine,  and  with  Goldsmith  and  Smollett  in  the  British  Maga 
zine.  He  also  pub.  anonymously  many  translations  from 
the  French.  See  Nichols's  Lit.  Anec. 

Jones,  H.  Bence,  M.D.,  Licentiate  of  the  Royal 
Coll.  of  Physicians,  London.  1.  Applic.  of  Liebig's  Physio- 
ogy  to  the  Prevention  and  Cure  of  Gravel,  Calculus,  and 
Gout,  Lon.,  1843,  8vo. 

"  In  thus  expressing  our  opinion  of  the  practical  value  of  thia 
publication,  it  is  satisfactory  to  find  ourselves  supported  by  Pro 
fessor  Liebig  himself,  under  whose  immediate  superintendence  and 
sanction  a  translation  into  German  is  now  preparing." — Lon. 
Pharmaceut.  Jour. 

2.  On  Animal  Chemistry,  in  its  Relation  to  Stomach 
and  Renal  Diseases,  1850,  8vo. 

"The  work  of  Dr.  Bence  Jones  is  one  of  the  most  philosophical 
and  practical  which  has  issued  from  the  press  for  many  years 
past." — Lon.  Lancet. 

"  Dr.  Bence  Jones  is  already  favourably  known  as  the  author  of 
works  and  papers  on  animal  chemistry ;  and  this  contribution  to 
bis  favourite  science  is  calculated  to  extend  his  reputation  as  an 
able  chemist  and  sound  physician." — Lon.  Month.  Med.  Jour. 

3.  Dr.  Du  Bois  Reymond's  Animal  Electricity,  edited 
by  H.  B.  Jones,  M.D.,  fp.  8vo  j  50  engravings  on  wood. 

"  This  small  volume  is  a  valuable  addition  to  our  scientific  lite 
rature.  Those  who  read  with  attention  may  learn  many  most  im 
portant  facts  from  this  work,  but  it  demands  such  attention." — 
Lon.  Athenceum. 

"  The  name  of  M.  Du  Bois  Reymond  is  probably  known  to  most 
of  our  readers  as  that  of  a  zealous  investigator  into  Animal  Elec 
tricity.  We  have  now  had  the  opportunity  of  witnessing  some  of 
the  most  interesting  of  these  experiments.  We  beg  to  tender  our 
thanks  to  Dr.  Bence  Jones  for  this  very  seasonable  publication, 
and  for  the  very  efficient  mode  in  which  he  has  performed  the 
task." — Lon.  Medico-Chirurgical  Review. 

4.  Fownes's  Manual  of  Chemistry :  see  FOWNES,  GEORGE; 
HOFMANN,  A.  W.,  M.D.     5.  Liebig  and  Kopp's  Ann.  Rep. 
of  the  Progress  of  Chemistry:  see  HOFMAJTN,  A.  W.,  M.D. 
6.  G.  J.  Mulder's  Chemistry  of  Wine,  edited,  1857,  12mo. 

Jones,  H.  Berkeley.  Adventures  in  Australia  in 
1852  and  1853,  Lon.,  1853,  p.  8vo. 

Jones,  Hamilton  C.  Digest  of  Reported  Cases  in 
Supreme  Ct.  of  N.  Carolina,  Dec.  1845  to  Aug.  1853: 
Law  and  Equity,  Raleigh,  N.C.,  1855,  2  vols.  in  1,  8vo. 

Jones,  Harriet.  The  Family  of  S.intraile;  or,  The 
Heir  of  Mentault :  a  Romance,  1809,  4  vols. 

Jones,  Henry.  The  Lamentable  and  Wofull  Com- 
playnte  of  my  Lady  Masse,  1548,  8vo. 

Jones,  Henry.  Remonstrance  of  divers  Remark 
able  Passages  cone,  the  Church  and  Kingdom  of  Ireland, 
1642,  4to. 

"  This  is  one  of  the  most  interesting  and  authentic  accounts  of  the 
horrible  proceedings  in  Ireland." 

Jones,  Henry,  Bishop  of  Meath.  1.  Serins,  on  Ps. 
cxviii.  24-26, 1660,  4to  ;  1667,  4to.  2.  Serm.,  Dubl.,  1676, 
fol.  3.  Serm.,  Lon.,  1679,  fol. 

Jones,  Henry.  The  Philos.  Trans.,  1700-1720, 
abridged  and  disposed  under  General  Heads,  Lon.,  1721, 
2  vols.  4to. 

Jones,  Henry,  d.  1770,  a  native  of  Drogheda,  pa 
tronized  by  the  Earl  of  Chesterfield,  pub.  a  vol.  of  Poems, 
Lon.,  1749,  8vo,  occasional  poems,  1751-66,  the  Earl  of 
Essex,  a  Tragedy,  1753,  8vo,  and  left  an  unfinished  tra 
gedy  called  the  Cave  of  Idra.  See  Biog.  Dramat. 

Jones,  Henry.  The  Prophecies,  And.  andX.Y.,  1837. 

Jones,  Herbert.     Serms.,  1774,  '75,  '77. 

Jones,  Horatio  Gates,  of  Philadelphia.  A  Genea 
logical  Account  of  Wigard  Levering  and  Gerhard  Lever 
ing,  (fee.,  Phila.,  1858,  8vo,  pp.  193.  See  (N.  YorkJ  Hist 
Mag.,  Nov.  1858,  350. 

Jones,  Hugh,  Professor  of  Mathematics  at  William 
and  Mary  College,  Minister  of  Jamestown,  Virginia,  and 
subsequently  chaplain  to  the  Assembly  of  Virginia,  pub. 
in  1724,  Lon.,  8vo,  pp.  152,  The  Present  State  of  Vir 
ginia,  <fcc. 

"This  is  one  of  the  scarcest  works  relating  to  Virginia  published 
in  this  century.  The  author  thinks  that  the  settlement  of  America 


JON 


JON 


by  the  Europeans  is  a  fulfilment  of  the  scriptural  text  on  his  title- 
page,  Japheth  being  the  English,  Shem  the  Indians,  and  Canaan 
the  Negroes."— Rich's  BiU.  Amer.  Nova,  i.  35,  q.  v. 

Jones,  I.  G.,  M.D.,  late  Prof,  of  the  Theory  and 
Practice  of  Medicine  in  the  Eclectic  Medical  Institute, 
Cincinnati,  <fcc.  The  American  Eclectic  Practice  of  Medi 
cine  ;  to  which  are  appended  the  posthumous  writings  of 
T.  Morrow,  M.D.,  also  late  Prof,  of  the  Theory  and  Prac 
tice  of  Medicine  in  the  same  Institute,  Cincin.,  1856,  2  vols. 
8vo,  pp.  1650. 

"  It  bears  upon  every  page  the  stamp  of  Dr.  J.'s  vigorous,  inde 
pendent,  and  practical  style  of  thought.  Such  a  work  has  long 
been  needed,  and  we  rejoice  to  know  that  it  has  been  produced."— 
DR.  BUCHANAN,  in  Eclec.  Med.  Jour. 

Jones,  Inigo,  1572-1652,  the  celebrated  architect,  a 
native  of  London,  also  claims  a  place  as  an  author.  1. 
The  Temple  of  Love  ;  a  Masque,  Lon.,  1634,  4to.  2.  The 
Most  Notable  Antiquity  of  Great  Britain,  vulgarly  called 
Stone-Heng,  on  Salisbury  Plain,  Restored.  Completed  and 
pub.  by  Mr.  Webb,  1655,  fol. 

"  Of  this  work  there  were  but  a  few  copies  printed,  and  most  of 
them  were  lost  in  the  fire  of  London." — GOOGH. 

Watt  mentions  an  ed.  in  1665,  fol.  Jones's  work  was 
certainly  repub.,  with  other  essays,  by  Dr.  Charlton  and 
Mr.  Webb,  in  1725,  fol.  See  CHARLTON,  or  CHARLETON, 
WALTER,  M.D.,  where  we  have  touched  upon  the  Stone- 
Henge  controversy.  3.  Histor.  Essay  on  the  Language  of 
China.  4.  Trans,  of  George  Taragonta's  Hist,  of  the  World. 
5.  Designs ;  consisting  of  Plans  and  Elevations  for  Public 
and  Private  Buildings  ;  pub.  by  Wm.  Kent,  1727,  fol. 
Other  designs,  by  Isaac  Ware,  1743,  8vo ;  other  designs, 
1744,  fol. ;  by  Wm.  Kent,  1770,  2  vols.  fol.  He  left  MS. 
notes  upon  Palladio's  Architecture,  some  of  which  were 
inserted  by  Leoni  in  an  ed.  of  Palladio  pub.  in  1714,  fol. 
A  copy  of  his  verses  is  pub.  in  the  Odcombian  Banquet, 
prefixed  to  Tom  Coryate's  Crudities,  1611,  4to.  Jones  was 
an  excellent  mathematician,  and  understood  the  Greek  and 
Latin  languages.  He  was  for  some  time  an  intimate  friend 
of  Ben  Jonson,  but  the  latter  became  his  enemy,  and  ridi 
culed  him  in  the  character  of  Lantern  Leatherhead,  a 
hobby-horse  seller,  in  his  comedy  of  Bartholomew  Fair, 
and  wrote  three  satires  against  him, — An  Expostulation 
with  Inigo  Jones ;  an  Epigram  to  a  Friend ;  and  another 
inscribed  to  Inigo,  Marquis  Would-Be.  Mr.  Gifford  charges 
Jones  with  having  thrown  the  first  stone.  The  considera 
tion  of  Jones's  architectural  taste  and  his  works  in  this  de 
partment  does  not  come  within  the  plan  of  our  Dictionary. 
But  the  reader  can  consult  Chalmers's  Biog.  Diet,  ;  Wai- 
pole's  Anecdotes;  Disraeli's  Quarrels  of  Authors,  and, 
above  all,  Peter  Cunningham's  Life  of  Inigo  Jones,  with 
Remarks  on  his  Sketches  for  Dramas  by  Planche,  and  5 
Masques  by  Ben  Jonson,  &c.,  edited  by  Collier,  with  por 
trait  after  Vandyke,  and  fifteen  fac-simile  sketches,  1848 
8vo. 

"  This  biography  of  the  illustrious  architect  is  more  complete 
than  any  former  one,  and  abounds  in  curious  information  respect 
ing  the  customs  of  the  period.  Among  the  dramas  is  the  celebrated 
Masque  of  Queens,  written  in  rivalry  of  Shakspeare's  Macbeth." 

"  Inigo  failed  when  he  attempted  to  rival  the  Gothic  churches 
of  the  fourteenth  century." — T.  B.  MACAULAY  :  Essays,  Lon.,  1854, 
iii.  352. 

Jones,  J.  The  Tower  of  Babel;  or,  Essays  on  the 
Confusion  of  Tongues, with  comparisons  between  Languages 
of  the  Old  and  New  World,  and  a  defence  of  the  rights 
which  the  ancient  Britons  derive  from  the  first  European 
settlement  formed  in  America  by  a  Prince  of  Wales,  Lon., 
8vo. 

"  We  feel  bold  to  refer  unbelievers  to  original  papers  in  possession 
of  Lady  Juliana  Penn,  we  mean  the  good  and  great  William  Penn's 

MS.  Journals,  where  the  Welsh  Indians  are  frequently  mentioned 

without  the  least  doubt  of  their  existence."— Page  77. 
Jones,  J.     Serm.,  Lon.,  1615,  8vo. 
Jones,  J.,  M.D.     Practical  Phonography,  Lon.,  1701 

8m.  4to.     An  account  of  this  rare  and  curious  vol.  will  be 

found  in  Beloe's  Anecdotes,  vi.  360-365. 

Jones,  J.    Hawthorn  Cottage,  Lon.,  1815, 2  vols.  12mo, 
Jones,  J.  A.     Traditions  of  the  North  American  In 
dians,  or  Tales  of  an  Indian  Camp,  with  spirited  etchings 

by  W.  H.  Brooke,  Lon.,  1820,  3  vols.  p.  8vo. 

"A  very  curious  and  authentic  work.    The  introduction  gives 

the  sources  of  each  legend.    Many  of  them  were  taken  from  the 

recital  of  the  old  Indian  nurse  of  the  author,  one  of  the  Pawkun 

nawkeet  or  Gayhead  tribe,  in  Mass." 

Jones,  J.  A.     Haverhill,  a  Novel,  N.York,  2  vols 

Contributions  to  the  United  States  Literary  Gazette,  &c. 
Jones,  J.  F.  D.,  M.D.  Haemorrhage,  Lon.,  1805,  8vo 
Jones,  J.  P.  1.  Eulogy  on  A.  Laussat,  Phila.,  1834 

8vo.     2.  Penna.  State  Reports,  vols.  xi.  and  xii.,  Phila. 

1850-52.     The  set  from  1846  to  '56  comprises  24  vols. 

viz. :  i.-x.  by  Robt.  M.  Barr ;  xi.  and  xii.  by  J.  P.  Jones 

xiii.-xxiv.  by  George  W.  Harris. 


Jones,  J.  S.  Defence  of  the  Revolutionary  Hist,  of 
North  Carolina,  Bost, 

A  clever  controversial  tract,  indicating  the  authenticity  of  the 
Mecklenburg  Declaration  of  Independence  in  1776  before  that 
made  4th  July,  in  Philadelphia."— PRESIDENT  CHARLES  KING. 

See  GRISBY,  HUGH  BLAIR;  George  Tucker's  History 
•f  the  United  States. 

Jones,  J.  W.  A  Trans,  of  all  the  Greek,  Latin,  Ita- 
ian,  and  French  Quotations  which  occur  in  Blackstone's 
Commentaries,  <fcc. ;  also  in  the  Notes  of  Christian,  Arch- 
bold,  and  Williams,  Lon.,  1823,  8vo. 

Jones,  James*  Laws  of  Jamaica,  1770-83,  Kings 
ton,  1786,  4to. 

Jones,  James.  Sepulchrorum  Inscriptiones ;  or,  A 
Curious  Collect,  of  Epitaphs  in  English  Verse,  Westm., 
1727,  2  vols.  8vo. 

Jones,  Rev.  James.  Eternal  Prescience,  Lon.,  1828, 
8vo.  Suppressed  by  the  Wesleyan  Methodist  Conference. 

Jones,  Jenkin.     Poems,  a  novel,  Ac.,  1797,  Ac. 

Jones,  Jenkin.    Annuities,  &c.,  Lon.,  1843,  8vo. 

Jones,  Jeremiah,  1693-1724,  minister  of  a  Dissent 
ing  congregation  at  Forest  Green,  Gloucester.  1.  Vindic. 
of  the  former  part  of  St.  Matthew's  G,ospel  from  Mr. 
Whiston's  Charge  of  Dislocations,  Lon.,  1719,  Svo ;  Salop, 
1721,  8vo ;  Clarendon  Press,  Oxford,  1803. 

This  work  is  very  valuable ;  it  abounds  with  ingenious  remarks 
and  displays  the  critical  acumen  of  the  author." — DR.  HARWOOD. 

"  He  successfully  proved  that  our  present  Greek  copies  of  that 
Gospel  are  in  the  same  order  in  which  they  were  originally  written 
by  that  evangelist." — Home's  Bibl.  Bib. 

This  work  is  included  in  the  following :  2.  A  New  and 
Full  Method  of  settling  the  Canonical  Authority  of  the 
New  Testament,  Lon.,  1726,  2  vols.  Svo;  vol.  iii.,  1727, 
Svo ;  Clarendon  Press,  Oxford,  1798,  3  vols.  Svo ;  1827,  3 
vols.  Svo. 

"Both  these  works,  particularly  the  last,  are  very  valuable. 
Jones  examines  all  the  eminent  testimonies  respecting  the  canon 
of  the  New  Testament.  He  collects  all  the  apocryphal  books  which 
have  been  thought  canonical,  and  gives  an  English  translation  of 
them,  and  refutes  their  pretensions  in  a  very  able  manner.  It  is 
acknowledged  by  all  parties  to  be  a  book  of  authority." — Onne's 
Bibl.  Bib. 

"  Mr.  Jones  has  brought  together,  with  uncommon  diligence,  the 
external  evidence  of  the  authenticity  and  genuineness  of  the  canoni 
cal  books,  and  has,  with  equal  ability  and  fairness,  stated  his  reasons 
for  deciding  against  the  authority  of  the  apocryphal." — MaUby's 
Illustrations  of  the  Truth  of  the  Christian  Religion. 

"  Mr.  Jones  has  given  us  a  complete  enumeration  of  all  the  apo 
cryphal  books  of  the  New  Testament,  and  made  a  critical  inquiry 
into  each  of  these  books,  with  an  English  version  of  those  of  them 
which  are  now  extant,  and  a  particular  proof  that  none  of  them 
were  ever  admitted  into  the  Canon ;  and  he  hath  distinctly  pro 
duced  and  considered  every  testimony  relating  to  them  that  is  to 
be  found  in  any  Christian  writer  or  writers  of  the  first  four  centu 
ries  after  Christ."— Leland's  View  of  Deistical  Writers. 

"  The  best  English  work  on  the  Canon  of  the  New  Testament." 

— BlCKERSTETH. 

"  With  its  contents  every  young  minister  ought  to  make  himself 
acquainted." — Lowndes's  Brit.  Lib. 

Jones  intended  to  have  prepared  a  vol.  on  the  Apos 
tolical  Fathers.  See  Chalmers's  Biog.  Diet. ;  Lon.  Gent. 
Mag.,  Ixxiii.  501. 

Jones,  Jezreel.  1.  Dissertatio  de  Lingua  Shilhensi, 
Amst.,  1715.  2.  Con.  to  Phil.  Trans.,  1699. 

Jones,  John,  author  of  The  Art  and  Science  of  Pre 
serving  the  Body  and  Soul  in  Health,  Lon.,  1579,  4to,  and 
other  medical  works,  1556-74,  practised  at  Bath  and  Der 
byshire.  See  Athen.  Oxon. ;  Aikin's  Biog.  Memoirs  of 
Med. 

Jones,  John,  1575-1636,  an  English  Benedictine, 
wrote  Sacra  Ars  Memoriae,  &c.,  Douay,  1623,  Svo,  Con- 
ciliatio  Locorum  Communium  totius  Scripturae,  1623,  and 
edited  and  aided  in  some  other  works.  See  Athen.  Oxon.  ; 
Dodd's  Church  Hist. 

Jones,  John.  Adrasta;  or,  The  Woman's  Spleene 
and  Love's  Conquest,  a  Tragi-Comedy,  Lon.,  1635,  4to. 

Jones,  John.  Ovid's  Invective,  or  Curse  against  Ibis, 
trans,  into  English,  Oxf.,  1658,  Svo. 

Jones,  John.     Legal  works,  1650,  '51,  24mo. 

Jones,  John,  M.D.     Med.  treatises,  1683-1701. 

Jones,  John.     Conformity  to  Ch.  of  Eng.,  16S4-1705. 

Jones,  John.    Art  of  Spelling,  Lon.,  1704,  4to. 

Jones,  John.     Serm.,  Oxf.,  1728,  Svo. 

Jones,  John,  b.  1700,  Rector  of  Boulne-Hurst,  Bed 
fordshire,  pub.  a  few  theolog.  treatises,  one  of  which — Free 
and  Candid  Disquisitions  relating  to  the  Ch.  of  England, 
Lon.,  1749,  '50,  Svo — produced  an  animated  controversy, 
which  lasted  for  several  years.  See  Nichols's  Lit.  Anec.; 
Lon.  Gent.  Mag.,  Ixxxi.,  Pt.  1,  510. 

Jones,  John,  M.D.,  1729-1791,  an  eminent  physi 
cian,  a  native  of  Jamaica,  Long  Island,  a  pupil  of  Dr. 
Cadwallader,  and  the  medical  preceptor  of  Dr.  Mease, 
both  of  Philadelphia,  practised  in  New  York,  in  the 


JON- 


American  Army  in  1755,  and  from  1780  to  '91  in  Phila 
delphia.  He  was  the  physician  of  General  Washington 
and  of  Benjamin  Franklin.  Plain  Remarks  upon  Wounds 
and  Fractures,  1755.  After  his  death,  a  vol.  containing 
his  surgical  works,  with  an  account  of  his  life,  was  pub. 
by  Dr.  Mease,  1795,  8vo.  See  Ramsay's  Revolution; 
Thacher's  Amer.  Med.  Biog. 

Jones,  John.     Poems,  Lon.,  1779,  4to. 

Jones,  John.     Accurate  Calculator,  1784,  4to. 

Jones,  John,  LL.D.,  d.  1827,  a  Unitarian  minister, 
and  subsequently  a  teacher  in  London,  pub.  Latin  and 
Greek  Grammars,  and  a  number  of  theolog.  and  philolo 
gical  works,  of  which  the  following  are  the  best-known. 
1.  The  Epist.  of  Paul  to  the  Romans  analyzed,  Lon.,  1802, 
8vo.  2.  Illustrations  of  the  Four  Gospels,  Lon.,  1 808,  8vo. 

"  Though  the  reader  will  often  differ  from  Mr.  Jones  in  the  theo 
logical  opinions  expressed  in  this  work,  he  will  frequently  admire 
the  ingenuity  which  it  displays,  and  regret  that  so  much  talent  and 
learning  are  so  ill  directed."—  Orme's  Bibl.  Bib. 

3.  Ecclesiastical  Researches,  1812,  8vo.  4.  Sequel  to 
the  Researches,  1813,  8vo.  5.  New  Version  of  the  Epistles 
to  the  Coloss.,  Thessal.,  Timothy,  Titus,  and  the  General 
Epist.  of  James,  1819,  '20,  12mo. 

"  In  many  instances  made  to  support  the  scheme  of  the  modern 
Socinians."— Horne's  Bibl.  Bib. 

See  Eclectic  Rev.,  N.  S.,  xiv.  277-283. 

6.  A  New  Version  of  the  first  three  Chap,  of  Genesis, 
1819,  8vo. 

"  It  discovers  the  genius,  and  also  the  distressing  perversity,  of 
the  learned  writer." — Orme's  Bibl.  Bib. 

7.  A  Greek  and  English  Lexicon,  1823,  8vo. 

"  This  is  a  very  valuable  addition  to  the  means  of  acquiring  a 
knowledge  of  Greek,  not  only  of  the  classic  writers,  but  of  the 
Scripture.  It  contains  all  the  words  of  the  New  Testament  and 
of  the  Septuagint.  ...  It  is,  perhaps,  not  altogether  free  from  the 
bias  of  the  author's  theological  creed." — Orme's  Bibl.  Bib. 

"  I  have  examined  it  again  and  again ;  and  I  have  no  hesitation 
in  pronouncing  it  the  work  of  a  man  of  sense  and  a  man  of  learning. 
The  usefulness  of  it  is  indisputable ;  and  my  hope  is  that  it  will  be 
extensively  known  and  justly  valued." — DR.  PARR. 

Also  highly  commended  by  the  Eclec.  Rev.  for  June, 
1825,  and  the  Congreg.  Mag.  for  the  same  month.  An 
unfavourable  notice  of  this  work  will  be  found  in  the  2d 
No.  of  the  Westminster  Review.  A  school  ed.  of  this 
valuable  Lexicon  was  pub.  by  the  author.  A  biographical 
account  of  Dr.  Jones,  and  an  account  of  his  works,  will  be 
found  in  the  Lon.  Gent.  Mag.  for  April,  1827. 

Jones,  John.  Medical,  Philosophical,  and  Vulgar 
Errors  of  various  kinds  refuted,  Lon.,  1797,  8vo. 

Jones,  John*  Amatory  Odes,  Epistles,  and  Sonnets, 
the  productions  of  an  uneducated  youth,  Lon.,  1799,  8vo. 
Anon. 

Jones,  John.     Serm.,  1812,  4to. 

Jones,  John,  LL.D.,  1772-1838,  Barrister-at-Law  of 
London,  a  native  of  Derwydd,  Caermarthenshire,  an  emi 
nent  scholar,  pub.  a  trans,  of  Dr.  Bugge's  Travels  in  the 
French  Republic,  from  the  Danish,  Lon.,  1801,  12mo ; 
Cyfamod  Newydd,  or  the  Gospels  trans,  into  Welsh  from 
the  Greek,  181 8,  12mo ;  and  a  Hist,  of  Wales,  Svo.  Of  the 
last  work,  an  enlarged  and  corrected  copy,  intended  for  a 
new  ed.,  was  found  among  his  papers,  and  he  also  left  in 
MS.  The  Worthies  of  Wales,  or  Memoirs  of  Eminent  An 
cient  Britons  aad  Welshmen,  from  Cassebelaunus  to  the 
present  time.  A  biographical  notice  of  Dr.  Jones  will  be 
found  in  the  Lon.  Gent.  Mag.  for  March,  1838. 

Jones,  John,  of  Indian  River,  Worcester  county, 
Maryland.  New  Species  of  Grape ;  Trans.  Amer.  Soc.,  i. 
406. 

Jones,  Rev.  John,  of  Waterbeach.  Scripture  An 
tiquities,  Lon.,  182  . 

"  Designed  as  an  introductory  help  for  the  better  understanding 
of  the  Sacred  Scriptures." — Lowndes's  Brit.  Lib. 

Jones,  John,  Archdeacon  of  Merioneth,  and  Rector 
of  Llanbedr.  The  Moral  Tendency  of  Divine  Revelation  : 
VIII.  Discourses  at  Bampton  Lect.,  1821,  Oxf.,  1821,  Svo. 

Jones,  John,  an  uneducated  poet,  patronized  by 
Southey,  was  b.  in  1774,  at  Clearwell,  Gloucestershire. 
His  Attempts  at  Verse,  by  John  Jones,  an  Old  Servant, 
with  an  Account  of  his  Life  written  by  Himself,  were  pub. 
in  1831,  Svo,  and  also  compose  the  Appendix  to  Southey's 
Lives  of  Uneducated  Poets,  Lon.,  1836,  12mo.  In  the 
earlier  part  of  the  work  will  be  found  Southey's  account 
of  John  Jones,  and  his  estimate  of  his  poetical  abilities. 
Jones's  vol.  was  reviewed  in  Edin.  Rev.,  liv.  69-84. 

Jones,  John.  The  Book  of  the  Prophet  Isaiah,  trans, 
from  the  Hebrew  text  of  Vander  Hooght,  Oxf.  and  Lon., 
1830,  12mo. 

"  This  version  is  made  from  the  Hebrew  text  of  Vander  Hooght's 
edition  of  the  Bible,  which  may  now  be  regarded  as  the  received 
Hebrew  text.  In  the  elucidation  of  obscurities,  the  translator  has 
diligently  compared  the  versions  and  illustrations  of  Schmidt,  Do 


Dieu,  Vltringa,  Bishops  Lowth  and  Stock,  Dathe,  Rosenmtiller,  Ge- 
senius,  and  others,  and  he  states  that  he  is  indebted  to  the  late  dia 
tinguished  Orientalist,  the  Rev.  Dr.  Nicoll,  for  his  kind  and  able 
assistance." — Horne's  Bibl.  Bib. 

"  On  the  whole,  we  consider  it  to  be  a  valuable  specimen  of  trans 
lation." — Lon.  Congreg.  Mag.,  xiv.  357. 

Jones,  John,  Head-Master  of  the  Countess  of  Hare- 
wood's  school.  1.  Theory  and  Practice  of  Notes  of  Lessons, 
Lon.,  1853,  12mo.  2.  The  Liturgical  Class-Book,  1855, 
12mo ;  2d  ed.  same  year. 

Jones,  John  B.,  b.  1810,  at  Baltimore,  Md.  1.  Wild 
Western  Scenes,  Phila.,  1849,  12mo:  50,000  copies  issued 
before  1856.  2.  Book  of  Visions,  1847,  12mo.  3.  Rural 
Sports;  a  Poem,  1848.  4.  The  Western  Merchant,  1848, 
12mo.  5.  The  Rival  Belles,  1852,  12mo.  6.  Adventures 
of  Col.  Vanderbomb,  1852,  12mo.  7.  The  Monarchist, 
1853,  12mo.  8.  Life  and  Adventures  of  a  Country  Mer 
chant,  1854,  12mo.  9.  Freaks  of  Fortune,  1854,  12mo. 
10.  Winkles,  a  humorous  Tale,  1855,  12mo.  An  edition 
of  5000  copies  sold  in  a  few  months.  11.  The  War-Path: 
The  Second  Series  of  Wild  Western  Scenes,  1856,  12mo. 
This  popular  writer  has  been  for  a  number  of  years  con 
nected  with  the  press,  and  has  recently  (1857)  established 
a  weekly  paper  in  Philadelphia,  entitled  The  Southern  Mo 
nitor,  and  devoted  to  the  advocacy  of  Southern  interests. 

Jones,  John  Gale,  d.  1838,  aged  67,  a  surgeon  and 
apothecary  of  London,  but  more  noted  as  a  radical  orator 
and  leader,  pub.  Observations  on  the  Hooping  Cough, 
Lon.,  1794,  8vo,  and  several  political  orations,  letters,  Ac., 
1794-1806.  See  Lon.  Gent.  Mag.,  Aug.  1838. 

Jones,  John  Hilton,  b.  1827.  1.  Guide  to  Bass,  N.Y., 
1853.  2.  66  Psalm  Interludes,  Bost.,  1854.  3.  Treat,  on 
Counterpoint,  Bost,  1855.  4.  Twelve  Organ  Voluntaries, 
Bost.,  1855.  5.  Melodies  for  the  Melodeon. 

Jones,  Sir  John  T.,  Colonel  R.A.  1.  Journal  of  the 
Sieges  of  the  Allies  in  Spain,  1811-12,  Svo,  1814.  2.  Ditto 
from  1811-14,  3  vols.  Svo,  184«.  3.  The  War  in  Spain, 
Portugal,  and  France,  1808-14,  8vo,  1818;  2d  ed.,  1821, 
Svo. 

Jones,  John  Winter,  Keeper  of  the  Printed  Books 
in  the  British  Museum.  1.  Hakluyt:  Divers  Voyages 
touching  the  Discovery  of  America,  edited  :  Hakluyt's  So 
ciety's  publications.  No.  7, 1850.  2.  The  Travels  of  Niccolo 
Conti  in  the  East,  in  the  Early  Part  of  the  Fifteenth  Cen 
tury;  translated  from  the  original  of  Poggio  Bracciolini, 
with  Notes:  No.  2  in  India  in  the  Fifteenth  Century; 
Hakluyt  Soc.,  1858,  Svo.  3.  British  Museum :  A  Guide 
to  the  Printed  Books  Exhibited  to  the  Public  in  the  Gren- 
ville  Library  and  King's  Library,  1858,  p.  8vo,  pp.  31. 

Jones,  Jonathan.    Religious  Liberty,  Lon.,  Svo. 

Jones,  Rev.  Joseph.  Theological  publications,  Lon., 
1840-53. 

Jones,  Joseph  H.,  D.D.,  a  Presbyterian  minister  of 
Philadelphia.  1.  Revivals  of  Religion,  Phila.,  1839.  2. 
Influence  of  Physical  Causes  on  Religious  Experience, 
1846, 18mo.  3.  Life  of  Ashbel  Green,  D.D.,  N.York,  1849, 
Svo.  See  GREEN,  ASHBEL,  V.D.M.  4.  Serm.  on  the  Death 
of  the  Rev.  C.  C.  Cuyler,  D.D.,  1850.  Other  serins.,  re 
views,  and  essays,  pub.  separately. 

Jones,  L.  T.,  Captain  R.A.  British  Campaigns  oa 
the  Continent  in  1794,  Binning.,  1797,  4to. 

Jones,  Rev.  Lewis  A.    Poem,  Lon.,  1760,  4to. 

Jones,  Miss  Mary,  of  Oxford.  Miscellanies  in  Prose 
and  Verse,  Lon.,  1752,  Svo. 

"  She  was  a  very  ingenious  poetess,  and  published  a  volume  of 
poems.  .  .  .  She  was  sister  to  the  Rev.  River  Jones,  Chanter  of 
Christ  Church  Cathedral  at  Oxford,  and  Johnson  used  to  call  her 
the  Chantress.  I  have  heard  him  often  address  her  in  this  passage 
from  II  Penseroso : 

" '  Thee,  Chantress,  oft  the  woods  among  I  woo,'  Ac. 

"  She  died  unmarried."— THOMAS  WHARTON,  in  Boswetts  Life  of 
Johnson,  Croker's  ed.,  1848,  r.  Svo,  108. 

Jones,  O.,  an  uneducated  journeyman  woolcomber 
and  "  Devonshire  Poet."  Poetic  Attempts,  Lon.,  1786,  Svo. 

Jones,  Oliver  J.,  Captain  R.N.  Recollections  of  a 
Winter  Campaign  in  India  in  1857-1858,  Lon.,  1858,  r.  Svo. 

Jones,  Owen,  1740-1814,  pub.  a  valuable  collection 
of  Welsh  poetry  and  historical  documents  in  3  vols.  4to, 
under  the  title  of  the  Archaiology  of  Wales,  the  entire 
works  of  the  celebrated  Cambrian  bard  Dafydds  ab  Gwilym, 
and  other  productions,  He  also  collected  about  sixty  vols. 
4to  of  unpub.  Welsh  poetry  composed  anterior  to  the  year 
1700.  A  notice  of  this  zealous  antiquary — a  furrier  in 
London — will  be  found  in  the  Lon.  Retrospective  Review, 
1825,  xi.  67. 

Jones,  Owen,  an  architect  of  London,  b.  in  Wales 
about  1809,  deserves  honourable  mention  for  his  magnificent 
volumes,  some  of  which  have  been  already  noticed  by  us. 
See  HUMPHREYS,  HENRY  NOEL,  No.  3;  IRVING,  WASHING 
TON,  No.  9.  We  must  also  notice  Mr.  Jones's  trans,  from  the 


JON 


JON 


French  of  Seroux  d'Agincourt's  History  of  Art  by  its 
Monuments,  from  its  Decline  in  the  Fourth  century  to  its 
Restoration  in  the  Sixteenth,  illustrated  by  3325  subjects 
on  328  plates,  1847,  3  vols.  in  1,  r.  fol. ;  and  Views  on  the 
Nile  from  Cairo  to  the  Second  Cataract,  from  drawings 
made  on  the  spot  by  Owen  Jones  and  M.  Goury,  30  plates, 
imp.  fol.  We  also  notice :  1.  Designs  for  Mosaic  and  Tes- 
selated  Pavements,  1843,  imp.  4to.  2.  An  Attempt  to  De 
fine  the  Principles  which  should  Regulate  the  Employment 
of  Colour  in  the  Decorative  Arts  :  ft  Lecture,  1852.  3.  An 
Apology  for  the  Colouring  of  the  Greek  Court,  [Crystal 
Palace,  Sydenham,]  &c.  4.  The  Grammar  of  Ornament:  100 
fol.  plates,  3000  examples,  with  text,  25  pts.,  1856,  £19  10*. 
"  The  Grammar  of  Ornament  is  beautiful  enough  to  be  the  horn 
book  of  angels." — Lon.  Athenseum,  April  4,  1857,  441,  q.  v. 

Jones,  Pascal.  My  Uncle  Hobson  and  I;  or,  Dashes 
at  Life  with  a  Free  Broad- Axe,  N.  York,  12mo. 

Jones,  Philip.  1.  Certaine Sermons,  Lon.,  1588,  8vo. 
2.  Certaine  Briefe  and  Speciall  Instructions  for  Gentle 
men,  Merchants,  Ac.  employed  in  seruices  abrode,  &c., 
1589,  4to.  Very  rare;  priced,  some  years  since,  £4  4s. 

Jones,  Philip.  An  Essay  on  Crookedness  or  Dis 
tortions  of  the  Spine  of  Children,  Lon.,  1788,  8vo. 

Jones,  R.  Two  Sermons,  Matt,  xxviii.  13,  in  The 
Phenix,  (Lon.,  1707,  2  vols.)  ii.  476. 

Jones,  R.,  Lieut,  of  Artillery.  Treatise  on  Skating, 
Lon.,  1772,  8vo;  new  ed.,  1855,  12ino. 

Jones,  R.  Hist,  of  the  French  Bar,  Officers,  Courts, 
&c.,  Lon.,  1855,  8vo. 

Jones,  Rice,  1715-1801,  a  Welsh  poet,  a  native  of 
Merionethshire,  pub.  a  collection  of  poetry  from  various 
authors,  ancient  and  modern,  under  the  title  of  Welsh 
Anthology,  1770,  4to. 

Jones,  Richard.  1.  Instructions  for  Christians, 
Lon.,  1581,  8vo.  2.  A  Catechisme,  1589,  8vo. 

Jones,  Richard.  1.  Periochae  in  Novum  Testamen- 
tum  Metris  Britannicis,  Lon.,  1653,  8vo.  2.  Abstract  of 
the  Bible,  digested  into  Cambrian  Metrical  Numbers,  1655, 
8vo. 

Jones,  Richard.     Serins,  and  an  Essay,  1769-83. 
Jones,  Richard.    Every  Builder  his  own  Surveyor, 
1809,  8vo. 

Jones,  Rev.  Richard,  Prof,  of  History  and  Political 
Economy  at  the  East  India  College,  Herts,  <te.  1.  An 
Essay  on  the  Distribution  of  Wealth  and  on  the  Sources 
of  Taxation,  Lon.,  1831,  8vo.  Part  1,  new  ed.,  1844,  p. 
8vo. 

"Perhaps  it  was  hardly  necessary  to  notice  this  work,  which  con 
sists  principally  of  a  series  of  irrelevant  and  inapplicable  criticisms 
on  the  theory  of  rent  as  explained  by  Mr.  Ricardo.  It  was  reviewed 
and  fairly  appreciated  in  an  article  in  the  54th  volume  [84-99]  of 
the  Edinburgh  Review,  to  which  we  beg  to  refer  such  of  our  readers 
as  may  wish  for  further  information  on  the  subject."— McOuUoch's 
Lit.  of  Polit.  Econ.,  33. 

It  was  also  reviewed  in  the  46th  vol.  of  the  Lon.  Quar 
terly  Review,  81-117.  2.  Lectures,  Essays,  and  Literary 
Remains,  now  first  collected,  with  an  Introductory  Preface 
by  the  Rev.  W.  Whewell,  D.D.,  Master  of  Trin.  Coll., 
Camb.,  1856,  8vo. 

Jones,  Robert.  Bookes  of  Songs,  Ayres,  Madrigals, 
Ac.,  1601,  '07,  '08,  '09,  '11. 

Jones,  Robert,  D.D.    Manual  of  Prayers,  1703,  8vo. 
Jones,  Robert.    Fire-works,  Lon.,  1766,  8vo. 
Jones,  Robert,  D.D.    Serms.  on  the  Commandments, 
Ex.  xx.  2-17,  Lon.,  1818,  8vo. 

Jones,  Robert,  M.D.  1.  The  State  of  Medicine, 
Edin.,  1781,  8vo.  2.  Nervous  Fevers,  Salisb.,  1789,  8vo. 
Jones,  Rowland.  The  Origin  of  Languages,  Lon., 
1764,  8vo.  Postscript,  1767,  8vo.  The  author  attempts 
to  prove  that  the  Welsh  was  the  primeval  language.  He 
pub.  several  other  philological  works.  See  Watt's  Bibl. 
Brit 

Jones,  Samuel.  Poetical  Miscellanies,  Lon.,  1714, 
8vo. 

Jones,  Samuel,  and  R.  Varick.  Laws  of  the  State 
of  New  York,  Feb.  1778  to  Mch.  1789,  N.  York,  1789,  2 
vols.  fol. 

Jones,  Samuel.  Review  of  Haldane's  Observations 
on  Forbearance,  1811,  12mo. 

Jones,  Silas.  An  Introduction  to  Legal  Sciences, 
N.  York,  1842,  12mo. 

Jones,  Stephen,  1763-1827,  has  already  been  noticed 
as  editor  of  The  Biographica  Dramatica,  in  our  notice  of 
DAVID  ERSKINE  BAKER,  q.  v.  Jones  was  connected  with 
several  periodicals,  and  pub.  a  number  of  works,  among 
•which  were  Masonic  Miscellanies,  1797, 12mo,  an  English 
Dictionary,  an  edit,  of  Sheridan's  Dictionary,  (new  ed.  by 
Birkin,  1839,)  and  a  Biographical  Dictionary,  2d  ed.,  1796, 
12mo;  8th  ed.,  1840,  18mo. 
990 


( A  little  work  of  great  value  for  the  accuracy  of  its  dates  and 
for  the  neatness  and  precision  of  its  style." — DR.  DRAKE. 

"From  careful  observation  while  in  England,  I  know  that  Jones's 
notation  [in  his  Dictionary  of  the  English  Langiiag-c]  is  far  more 
correct  than  that  of  Sheridan  or  Walker." — NOAH  WEBSTER  :  Pref. 
to  his  Dictionary,  Springfield.  1852,  4to.  Ixii.  See  also  Lon.  Gent. 
Mag.,  Jan.  1828. 

Jones,  T.     Dramas  and  Poems,  Lon.,  1805-08,  Ac. 

Jones,  T.    The  Sons ;  a  Tragic  Play,  Lon.,  1809, 12mo. 

Jones,  T.     Reform  of  Special  Pleading,  Lon.,  1850. 

Jones,   T.  Percy.      See  AYTOUN,   WM.   EDMONDS- 

TOUNE. 

Jones,  T.  Rupert.    See  MANTELL,  GIDEON  A. 

Jones,  T.  Wharton,  Prof,  of  Ophthalmic  Medicine 
and  Surgery  in  University  College,  London.  1.  Manual 
of  Pharmacology,  Lon.,  18mo.  2.  Manual  of  Ophthalmic 
Medicine  and  Surgery,  1847,  fp.  8vo;  2d  ed.,  1855,  fp.  8vo 
1st  Amer.  ed.  by  Isaac  Hays,  M.D.,  Phila.,  1847,  12mo ; 
2d  Amer.  ed.  from  the  2d  Lon.  ed.,  by  Edward  Hartshorne, 
M.D.,  1856,  12mo. 

The  work  is  marked  by  that  correctness,  clearness,  and  preci 
sion  of  style  which  distinguish  all  the  productions  of  the  learned 
author." — Brit,  and  For.  Med.  Rev. 

"  We  can  assure  students  that  they  cannot  meet  with  a  hand-book 
on  this  subject  that  is  more  ably  or  more  carefully  written." — Lon. 
Med.  Gazette. 

3.  The  Wisdom  and  Beneficence  of  the  Almighty  as  dis 
played  in  the  Sense  of  Vision;  being  the  Actonian  Prize 
Essay  for  1851,  12mo,  1851. 

A  fit  sequel  to  the  Bridgewater  Treatises :  it  is  philosophically 
and  admirably  written." — Lon.  Literary  Gazette. 

This  treatise  resembles  in  style  of  treatment  the  famous  Bridge- 
water  Treatises." — Lon.  Athenaeum. 

4.  Defects  of  Sight:  their  Natural  Causes,  Prevention, 
and  General  Management,  Lon.,  1856.     5.  Catechism  of 
the  Medicine  and  Surgery  of  the  Eye  and  Ear,  1857, 12mo. 
6.  Editor  of  3d  ed.  of  Dr.  W.  Mackenzie's  Prac.  Treat,  on 
Diseases  of  the  Eye;  with  an  Appendix,  1839,  8vo. 

Jones,  Theophilus,  or  Thomas.  Treatises  against 
Romanism,  Lon.,  1678,  '82,  &c. 

Jones,  Theophilus.  A  Hist,  of  the  County  of 
Brecknock,  Breck.,  1805-09,  3  vols.  4to,  £7  9s.  6d. 

"  A  work  of  great  labour  and  research,  containing  a  great  mass 
of  information  not  always  communicated  in  the  most  pleasing 
form." — Lowndes's  Bibl.  Man. 

Jones,  Thomas.  Prolus.  Academicos,  Oxf.,  1660,  8vo. 

Jones,  Thomas.  Welsh  and  English  Dictionary, 
Lon.,  1688,  12mo;  Shrewsb.,  1777,  12mo. 

Jones,  Sir  Thomas,  a  Judge  of  the  King's  Bench 
under  Charles  II.  and  James  II.,  is  best  known  by  his 
Reports  K.  B.  and  C.  P.,  19  Car.  II.  to  1  Jac.  II.,  1667-85. 
In  French,  Lon.,  1695,  fol.;  French  and  English,  1729,  fol. 
Cited  as  Second  Jones  to  distinguish  it  from  Sir  William 
(First)  Jones's  Reports. 

"It  is  a  work,  I  believe,  of  very  reputable  authority." — Wallace's 
Reporters,  3d  ed.,  1855,  217,  q.  v. 

Printed  at  the  end  of  Jones's  Reports  will  be  found  his 
Argument  in  the  Exchequer  Chamber  in  the  Earl  of  Derby's 
Case.  Sir  Thomas  also  pub.  The  Rise  and  Progress  of  the 
Honourable  Society  of  Ancient  Britons,  with  cuts,1717,8vo. 

Jones,  Thomas.     Diseases  of  Women,  1740,  8vo. 

Jones,  Rev.  Thomas,  of  Southwark.  Works :  Dis 
courses  and  Serms.,  with  a  Pref.  by  Rev.  Wni.  Romaine, 
Lon.,  1763,  8vo;  4th  ed.,  1775,  8vo. 

Jones,  Rev.  Thomas.    Beauties  of  the  Poets,  1777. 

Jones,  Thomas.     Con.  to  Med.  Com.,  1785. 

Jones,  Thomas,  M.P.     Speech,  Lon.,  1800,  8vo. 

Jones,  Thomas,  1756-1807,  Head-Tutor  Trin.  Coll., 
Camb.,  1787-1807,  pub.  a  Serin,  on  Duelling,  Lon.,  1792, 
4to,  and  an  Address  to  the  Volunteers  of  Montgomeryshire. 
See  Chalmers's  Biog.  Diet. 

Jones,  Thomas,  Rector  of  Creaton.  1.  Scripture 
Directory,  Lon.,  1811, 8vo;  8th  ed.,  1839, 12mo.  2.  Jonah's 
Portrait,  1818,  12mo;  9th  ed.,  1845,  fp.  8vo. 

"A  very  edifying  work."— BickerstetKs  C.  S. 

3.  The  True  Christian  j  5th  ed.,  1844,  sq.  4.  The  Pro 
digal's  Pilgrimage,  1831,  12mo;  new  ed.,  1847,  16mo.  5. 
Sober  Views  of  the  Millennium,  1835, 12mo.  6.  Fountain 
of  Life;  3d  ed.,  1848,  16mo.  7.  Notes  of  55  Serms.  of  his, 
edited  by  Rev.  John  Owen,  1851,  12mo. 

"  Its  contents  are  very  interesting  and  valuable,  expressed  in  lan 
guage  simple,  concise,  and  energetic." — Editor's  Preface. 

See  Mr.  Owen's  Memoir  of  Mr.  Jones,  1851,  12mo ;  2d 
ed.,  1853,  12mo. 

Jones,  Rev.  Thomas.    Eccles.  Liberality,  1812. 

Jones,  Thomas.  The  Mediation  of  Jesus  Christ, 
Lon.,  1828,  8vo ;  3d  ed.,  1832,  8vo. 

"  Of  every  section  and  of  every  sentence  In  this  book,  It  may  bo 
truly  said,  '  Jesus  Christ  is  all  in  all.'  It  is,  in  fact,  a  beautiful  epi 
tome  of  the  gospel."— W.  THORP,  T.  WINTER,  W.  LUCY,  and  T.  Jto- 
BERTS,  Bristol;  with  recommendations  also  by  George  Cubitt  and 
W.  M.  Harvard,  Wesleyan  Ministers. 


JON 

Jones,  Rev.  Thomas.  The  Interpreter :  a  Summary 
View  of  the  Revelation  of  St.  John,  Lon.,  1836,  12mo. 
This  is  founded  on  the  Rev.  Henry  Gauntlett's  Expository 
Discourses  on  the  Book  of  Revelation :  see  p.  656  of  this 
Dictionary. 

"This  is  a  useful  little  volume  on  a  difficult  subject.  Although 
we  could  have  wished  that  it  had  less  reference  to  modern  events 
and  kept  to  the  admirable  and  sober  views  of  Bishop  Newton,  yet 
it  may  be  safely  recommended  as,  on  the  whole,  a  cheap  and  valu 
able  exposition."— ion.  Chris.  Rememb.,  Nov.  1836,  665. 

Jones,  Thomas.  1.  Irish  Excheq.  Reports,  1835-37, 
Dubl.,  I  vol.  and  2  Pts.  8vo.  2.  With  E.  Hayes,  do., 
1831-32,  3  Pts.  8vo.  3.  With  H.  Carey,  1838-39,  2  Pts. 
8vo.  4.  With  E.  D.  Latouchere,  Irish  Chancery  Reports, 
1844-46,  3  Pts.  8vo. 

Jones,  Thomas  Rymer,  Prof,  of  Comparative  Ana 
tomy  in  King's  College,  London,  late  Fullerian  Prof,  of 
Physiology,  Royal  Institution.  1.  A  General  Outline  of  the 
Animal  Kingdom,  and  Manual  of  Comparative  Anatomy, 
nearly  350  illustrations,  1841,  8vo,  38«.;  r.  8vo,  £3  16s. ; 
imp.  8vo,  £5  14s. ;  2d.  ed.,  1855,  8vo,  31 «.  6d. 

"  In  the  mean  time  we  may  state — and  we  do  so  without  detract 
ing  from  the  merits  of  other  works— that  the  general  outline  of  the  : 
Animal  Kingdom  is,  in  our  opinion,  the  best  work  of  the  kind  in  j 
auy  language."— Edinburgh  Monthly  Journal  of  Medical  Science, 
May,  1841.    Commended  also  by  Lon.  Quar.  Rev. 

2.  Lects.  on  the  Nat.  Hist,  of  Animals :  vol.  i.,  1844,  8vo; 
ii.,  1852,  p.  8vo  j  illustrations.     This  work  is  not  yet  com 
pleted,  (1858.) 

"Combining  in  a  very  felicitous  manner  the  useful  with  the 
agreeable." — Lon.  Atlas. 

3.  The  Aquarian  Naturalist,  1858.     See  Lon.  Athen., 
1858,  Pt.  2,  301. 

Jones,  Thomas  Snell,  D.D.,  Minister  of  Lady  Glen- 
orchy's  Chapel,  Edin.  1.  20  Serins.,  Edin.,  1816,  8vo. 

"For  an  accurate  knowledge  of  human  nature,  exact  observa 
tion,  and  just  deductions,  for  richness  of  scriptural  truth  and  purity 
of  doctrinal  views,  for  ministerial  faithfulness  and  practical  utility, 
we  can  refer  our  readers  to  few  books  more  appropriately  than  to 
this  production  of  Dr.  Jones." — Edin.  Chris.  Instructor. 

See  also  Eclec.  Rev.  for  Sept.  1816.  2.  The  Life  of  the 
Viscountess  Glenorchy:  see  GLENORCHY,  WILLIELMA,  VIS 
COUNTESS. 

Jones,  W.     The  Art  of  Music,  Lon.,  1786,  fol. 
Jones,  W.  C.    Revised  Statutes  of  Missouri,  StLouis, 
1845,  8vo. 

Jones,  Walter,  D.D.,  Chaplain-in-Ordinary.  1.  As 
size  Serm.,  1720,  8vo.  2.  XVII.  Serms.,  1741,  8vo. 

Jones,  William.  1.  Sixe  Bookes  of  Politickes;  from 
the  Latin  of  Lipsius,  Lon.,  1594,  4to.  2.  Nennio,  or  A 
Treatise  of  Nobility ;  from  the  Italian  of  Sir  J.  B.  Nenna, 
1595,  4to. 

Jones,  William,  D.D.  1.  Serm.  on  the  Nativity, 
Lon.,  1614,  4to.  2.  Treat,  of  Patience  in  Tribulation, 
1625,  4to. 

Jones,  William,  D.D.,  of  Cambridge.  A  Comment, 
on  the  Epistles  to  Philemon  and  Hebrews,  and  on  the  II. 
and  III.  Epistles  of  St.  John,  1635,  fol. 

Jones,  Sir  William,  M.P.,  1566-1640,  a  native  of 
Caernarvon,  Wales,  educated  at  Oxford,  was  admitted  to 
the  principal  Society  of  Lincoln's  Inn  in  1587  j  Chief- 
Justice  of  the  K.B.  in  Ireland,  1617;  Judge  of  the  C.P. 
in  England,  1620  j  transferred  to  the  K.B.,  1624.  Reports 
K.B.,  C.P.,  Dom.  Proc.,  and  Ex.  Ch.,  18  Jac.  I.-17  Car.  I., 
1620-41.  In  French,  Lon.,  1675,  fol.  Cited  as  First 
Jones,  to  distinguish  it  from  Sir  Thomas  (Second)  Jones's 
Reports.  Sir  William  Jones's  Reports  is  a  book  of  au 
thority  ;  although — to  quote  from  Lord  Nottingham — there 
is  "no  book  of  law  so  ill  corrected  or  so  ill  printed."  See 
Wallace's  Reporters,  3d  ed.,  1855, 185,  Marvin's  Leg.  Bibl., 
428,  and  authorities  cited  in  both  of  these  vols. 
Jones,  William.  A  Poem,  Lon.,  1691,  fol. 
Jones,  William,  1680-1749,  a  very  eminent  mathe 
matician,  the  friend  of  Sir  Isaac  Newton,  Halley,  and 
Mead,  the  tutor  of  Lords  Hardwicke  and  Mansfield,  and 
—still  greater  distinction— the  father  of  Sir  William  Jones, 
was  a  native  of  the  island  of  Anglesey,  North  Wales,  and 
a  mathematical  teacher  in  London.  1.  A  New  Compen 
dium  of  the  Whole  Art  of  Navigation,  Lon.,  1702,  8vo. 
2.  Synopsis  Palmariorum  Mathesos ;  or,  A  New  Introduc 
tion  to  the  Mathematics,  1746,  8vo.  This  is  a  valuable 
summary  of  mathematical  science. 

"This  work  is  well  worthy  of  attentive  perusal."— DR.  P.  YOUNO 
Mr.  Jones  also  contributed  several  mathemat.  papers  to 
Phil.  Trans.,  pub.  a  number  of  Sir  Isaac  Newton's  papers 
(that  might  otherwise  have  been  lost)  under  the  title  of 
Analysis  per  Quantitatum  Series  Fluxiones,  ac  Difleren- 
tias;  cum  Enumeratione  Linearum  Tertii  Ordinis,  1711, 
4to :  and,  at  the  time  of  his  death,  had  ready  for  the  press 
an  Introduction  to  the  Mathematics, — more  comprehensive 


JON 

than  his  Synopsis, — which  was  confided  to  Lord  Maccles- 
field  for  publication,  and  was  neglected  or  lost.  To  this 
gentleman  Mr.  Jones  devised  his  mathematical  library, 
which  was  said  to  be  the  best  in  England.  The  work  un 
fortunately  lost  or  destroyed  was  intended  to  serve  as  an 
introduction  to  the  mathematical  and  philosophical  works 
of  Sir  Isaac  Newton.  See  Lord  Teignmouth's  Life  of  Sir 
William  Jones ;  Hutton's  Diet. ;  Nichols's  Lit.  Anec. 

Jones,  William,  M.D.     Longitude,  Lon.,  1780,  4to. 

Jones,  William.  Account  of  Highwaymen,  Lon., 
1774,  8vo. 

Jones,  William,  of  Nayland,  1726-1800,  a  native 
of  Northamptonshire,  was  educated  at  the  Charter  House 
and  at  University  College,  Oxford ;  Vicar  of  Bethersden, 
Kent,  1764 ;  subsequently  Rector  of  Pluckley,  (which  he 
exchanged  for  Paston ;)  Perpetual  Curate  of  Nayland, 
and,  in  1798,  Rector  of  Hollingbourn.  "Jones  of  Nay- 
land,"  or  "  Trinity  Jones,"  as  he  is  sometimes  called,  was 
eminent  for  learning,  piety,  and  zeal,  and  his  knowledge 
of  music,  of  which  he  was  an  excellent  composer.  As  a 
theologian,  he  belonged  to  the  Hutchinsonian  school,  and 
was  the  means  of  converting  his  friend  Bishop  Home  to 
the  same  creed.  He  has  the  credit  of  having  originated 
The  British  Critic.  A  collective  ed.  of  his  Theological, 
Philosophical,  and  Miscellaneous  Works,  with  his  Life,  by 
Wm.  Stevens,  was  pub.  in  1801,  12  vols.  8vo;  Theological 
and  Miscellaneous  Works,  repub.,  with  Life,  by  Wm.  Ste 
vens,  1810,  6  vols.  8vo;  a  vol.  of  his  Serms.,  Practical, 
Doctrinal,  and  Explanatory,  was  pub.  in  1829,  8vo ;  two 
posthumous  vols.  (8vo)  of  Serms.  on  various  subjects  and 
occasions,  now  first  pub.  from  the  original  MSS.,  edited 
by  the  Rev.  Henry  Walker,  appeared  in  1830.  There  have 
been  recent  eds.  of  several  of  his  works.  A  Life  of  Jones 
of  Nayland  was  pub.  in  1849,  fp.  8vo.  Among  the  best- 
known  of  his  publications  are  :  1.  Answer  to  Bishop  Clay 
ton's  Essay  on  Spirit,  1753  :  see  CLAYTON,  ROBERT.  2. 
The  Catholic  Doctrine  of  the  Trinity  Proved,  «tc.,  1756. 
He  subsequently  published  several  other  treatises  in  de 
fence  of  the  doctrine  of  the  Trinity. 

"  One  of  the  most  satisfactory  defences  of  that  fundamental  doc 
trine,  on  the  simple  testimony  of  the  Holy  Scriptures."— Bicker- 
steth's  C.  & 

"  His  tracts  on  the  Trinity  are  invaluable."—  Williams' s  C.  P. 

3.  Natural  Philosophy,  1762,  4to.     4.  Physiological  Dis 
quisitions,  1781,  4to.     5.  Lects.  on  the  Figurative  Lan- 
fuage  of  the  Holy  Scriptures,  Ac.,  1786,  8vo ;  6th  ed.,  1821, 
vo ;  new  ed.,  1849,  18mo. 

"  His  rules  are  either  ambiguous  or  indefinite ;  and,  according  to 
his  principles,  a  lively  imagination  may  make  any  thing  out  of  the 
plainest  parts  of  Scripture.  More  satisfaction  will  be  found  in  a 
single  section  of  Glassius  than  in  the  whole  of  Mr.  Jones's  volume." 
— Orme's  Bibl.  Bib. 

"His  Figurative  Language  of  Scripture,  Book  of  Nature,  and 
other  practical  works,  are  (notwithstanding  the  excess  of  figurative 
interpretation)  interesting  and  useful." — Bickersteth's  C.  S. 

"  His  Lectures  on  the  Figurative  Language  of  Scripture  are  full 
of  instruction.  .  .  .  His  Sermons  are  grievously  deficient  in  Evan 
gelical  sentiment." — Williams' s  C.  P. 

"Valuable  and  pious  Lectures  [on  the  Figurative  Language  of 
Scripture]." — Home's  Bibl.  Bib. 

"  These  Lectures  constitute,  in  our  opinion,  one  of  the  most  inge 
nious  and  valuable  Works  of  their  Author :  they  are  at  once  calcu 
lated  to  illustrate  and  enforce  scriptural  truths,  to  throw  new  light 
upon  some  doubtful  passages,  to  enlarge  the  understanding,  to  affect 
the  heart  and  conscience,  and  stimulate  to  upright  and  holy  con 
duct."—  Eclectic  Rev.,  Aug.  1809. 

"  One  of  the  most  interesting  works  that  can  be  presented  to  the 
young  Christian." — Grant's  English  Church. 

6.  The  Scholar  armed  against  the  Errors  of  the  Time, 
1792,  2  vols.  8vo.     These  vols.  are  composed  of  a  number 
of  dissertations,  extracts,  <fcc.  collected  by  Mr.  Jones  and 
pub.  in  this  shape. 

"  These  two  volumes  may  be  considered  as  a  library  in  themselves 
to  any  young  student  of  the  Church  of  England,  and  no  such  per 
son  who  takes  a  fancy  to  what  he  there  finds  can  ever  fall  into  Sc- 
cinianism,  Fanaticism,  Popery,  or  any  of  those  other  modern  corrup 
tions  which  infest  this  Church  and  nation." — Jones's  Life  of  Bishop 
Home. 

7.  The  Life  of  Bishop  Home,  1795,  8vo :  see  HOKNE, 
GEORGE,  D.D.     8.  Zoologia  Ethica,  1771,  8vo. 

We  have  spoken  of  Mr.  Jones  as  a  proficient  in  music  : 
he  pub.  several  treatises  on  this  subject,  and  his  own  an 
thems,  in  score,  <fec.,  were  greatly  admired.  See  his  Life 
by  Wm.  Stevens,  first  printed  in  the  Anti-Jacobin  Review, 
and  subsequently  prefixed  to  his  works,  (supra.) 

"  His  works  contain  many  things  learned,  ingenious,  and  fanci 
ful."—  Orme's  Bibl.  Bib. 

"A  clear,  able,  and  pious  writer,  though  prejudiced  against  Cal 
vinism."— Bickersteth's  C.  S. 

"This  eminent  Hutchinsonian  was  the  personal  friend  of  Park- 
hurst  and  of  Bishop  Home;  and  in  talents  and  learning  was  at 
least  equal  to  either  of  them.  ...  He  was  a  good  man,  an  honest 
patriot,  an  unbending  Churchman,  and  a  valuable  writer ;  but  he 
sometimes  suffered  his  imagination  and  love  of  allegory  to  overcome 
his  better  judgment."—  WuHams's  C.  P. 

991 


JON 


JON 


"  One  of  the  soundest  philosophers  and  most  devout  Christians 
that  the  history  of  our  church  can  boast  of." — SWAI>*SO»:  Discourse 
on  Natural  History. 

"  Of  this  faithful  servant  of  God  I  can  speak  both  from  personal 
knowledge  and  from  his  writings.  He  was  a  man  of  quick  pene 
tration,  of  extensive  learning,  and  the  soundest  piety ;  and  he  had, 
beyond  any  other  man  I  ever  knew,  the  talent  of  writing  upon  the 
deepest  subjects  to  the  plainest  understandings."— BISHOP  HOBS- 
LEY:  Charges. 

Jones,  Sir  William,  Sept.  28,  1746-April  24,  1794, 
one  of  the  most  illustrious  characters  on  the  page  of  his 
tory,  was  a  native  of  London,  and  a  son  of  the  eminent 
mathematician  of  the  same  name  whose  remarkable  at 
tainments  in  his  favourite  science  we  have  already  com 
memorated.  The  learning  of  the  family  was  not  confined 
to  either  of  these  persons,  for  the  mother  of  Sir  William 
was  also  noted  for  her  erudition,  as  well  as  for  the  virtues 
and  accomplishments  more  usual  to  her  sex.  That  the 
successful  pursuit  of  knowledge  detracted  nothing  from 
the  latter  more  valuable  recommendations,  we  have  the 
unequivocal  testimony  of  her  husband  : 

"  She  was  virtuous  without  blemish ;  generous  without  extrava 
gance  ;  frugal  but  not  niggard ;  cheerful  but  not  giddy ;  close  but 
not  sullen;  ingenious  but  not  conceited;  of  spirit  but  not  passion 
ate  ;  of  her  company  cautious ;  in  her  friendship  trusty ;  to  her 
parents  dutiful;  and  to  her  husband  ever  faithful,  loving,  and 
obedient." 

Thus  did  this  excellent  woman — as  evinced  in  the  lines 
just  quoted,  and  in  her  future  happy  experience — secure 
the  reward  promised  by  inspiration  and  recorded  by  the 
wisest  of  men :  "Her  children  rise  up  and  call  her  blessed ; 
her  husband  also,  and  he  praiseth  her."  It  was  to  the  sole 
charge  of  such  a  mother  that  William  Jones  was  left,  by 
the  decease  of  his  father,  when  he  had  scarcely  reached  his 
third  year.  He  early  manifested  an  ardent  thirst  for  know 
ledge,  which  his  maternal  instructor  well  knew  how  to  turn 
into  profitable  channels : 

"  The  mother  of  Sir  William  Jones,  having  formed  a  plan  for  the 
education  of  her  son,  withdrew  from  great  connexions,  that  she 
might  live  only  for  that  son.  Her  great  principle  of  education  was 
to  excite  curiosity ;  the  result  could  not  fail  to  be  knowledge.  '  Read 
and  you  will  know,'  she  constantly  replied  to  her  filial  pupil.  And 
we  have  his  own  acknowledgment  that  to  this  maxim,  which  pro 
duced  the  habit  of  study,  he  was  indebted  for  his  future  attain 
ments."— Disraeli  on  the  Literary  Character,  ed.  Lon.,  1840,  441. 

When  he  had  completed  his  seventh  year,  he  was  placed 
at  Harrow  School,  under  the  tuition  of  Dr.  Thackeray;  and 
this  rigid  preceptor,  so  economical  of  his  commendations 
in  the  presence  of  his  best  pupils,  did  not  hesitate  to  de 
clare  in  private  that  William  Jones 

"  Was  a  boy  of  so  active  a  mind,  that,  if  he  were  left  naked  and 
friendless  on  Salisbury  Plain,  he  would  nevertheless  find  the  road 
to  fame  and  riches." 

This  eulogium  was  endorsed  by  Dr.  Sumner,  Thackeray's 
successor  in  1761,  so  that  when  Jones  was  entered  of 
University  College,  Oxford,  in  the  spring  of  1764,  great 
expectations  were  reasonably  entertained  of  his  future 
distinction.  His  fond  mother  would  not  consent  to  a  se 
paration,  which  would  have  been  equally  distressing  to 
the  object  of  her  devoted  attachment,  and,  to  the  great  joy 
of  William,  now  in  his  eighteenth  year,  she  accompanied 
him  to  Oxford.  During  his  short  residence  at  this  famous 
seat  of  learning — to  which  he  brought  far  more  learning 
than  the  majority  of  graduates  carry  from  it — he  applied 
himself  so  assiduously  to  his  studies,  that  his  health  would 
probably  have  been  undermined  for  life,  had  he  not  taken 
care  to  vary  the  seclusion  of  the  closet  with  the  athletic 
exercises  in  which  he  was  a  distinguished  proficient.  In 
these  amusements,  whilst  yet  at  Harrow, — which  Jones 
also  pressed  into  the  service  of  classic  learning  by  giving 
them  a  dramatic  character — his  principal  associates  were 
William  Bennet,  afterward  Bishop  of  Cloyne,  and  Samuel 
Parr,  the  equally  famous  "Birmingham  Doctor."  The 
fame  of  young  Jones's  erudition  having  reached  the  ears 
of  Earl  Spencer,  he  sent  him  an  invitation  to  become  an 
inmate  of  his  family  in  the  capacity  of  tutor  to  Lord 
Althorpe,  then  seven  years  of  age.  This  proposal  was 
accepted,  and  in  the  summer  of  1765  he  removed  to  Wim 
bledon  Park,  where  he  found  himself  most  pleasantly  situ 
ated  in  the  midst  of  kind  friends,  and  with  ample  oppor 
tunities  of  pursuing  his  favourite  researches  into  Oriental 
literature.  A  Fellowship  at  Oxford  conferred  upon  him 
in  the  course  of  the  following  summer  was  an  agreeable 
addition  to  the  substantial  comforts  which  now  rewarded 
the  studious  zeal  for  which  he  had  been  distinguished  from 
his  earliest  years.  In  1767,  and  again  in  1770,  he  visited 
the  Continent  with  the  Spencer  family,  and  whilst  there 
eagerly  availed  himself  of  the  literary  opportunities  which 
the  absence  of  engrossing  occupations  now  permitted  him 
freely  to  enjoy.  On  his  return  to  England,  he  determined 
to  embrace  the  profession  of  the  law;  and  we  find  him  on 
the  19th  of  September,  1770,  duly  recorded  as  a  student 


of  the  Temple,  where  he  soon  evinced  the  same  thirst  for 
the  acquisition  of  legal  knowledge  which  previously  sti 
mulated  his  philological  and  other  less  abstruse  investiga 
tions.  He  was  admitted  to  the  Bar  in  1774,  and  appointed 
a  Commissioner  of  Bankrupts  in  1776.  As  early  as  1763 
he  had  gained  great  reputation  by  a  translation,  made  at 
the  request  of  the  King  of  Denmark,  of  the  Life  of  Nadir 
Shah,  from  an  Eastern  MS.  into  the  French  language. 
This,  together  with  Pieces  relative  to  the  French  transla 
tion,  Ac.,  was  pub.  in  1770,  London,  2  vols.  4to.  Disser 
tation  sur  la  Litterature  Orientale  was  pub.  in  1771,  8vo, 
and  in  the  same  year  appeared  his  Grammar  of  the  Per 
sian  Language,  4to.  The  7th  ed.  was  pub.  1S09,  4to,  and 
in  this  ed.  (and  in  that  pub.  in  1804,  also  edited  by  Dr. 
Charles  Wilkins)  the  orthography  is  adapted  to  the  mode 
of  spelling  adopted  by  Dr.  Wilkins  in  his  improved  ed.  of 
Kichardson's  Persian  Dictionary.  The  Grammar  will  be 
found  in  vol.  v.  of  the  8vo  ed.  of  Jones's  Works,  (13  vols.  j) 
but  the  last  and  best  eds.  are  those  by  Professor  Samuel 
Lee,  of  Cambridge,  1823,  4to,  and  1828,  4to.  In  1772,  8vo, 
(2d  ed.  1777, 8vo,)  he  gave  to  the  world  Poems,  consisting 
chiefly  of  Translations  from  the  Asiatic  Language;  in 
1774,  8vo,  Poeseos  Asiaticae,  <fcc.,  or,  Commentaries  (in 
Latin)  on  the  Asiatic  Poetry;  and  in  1778,  4to,  a  trans., 
with  Notes,  of  the  Speeches  of  Isaeus  from  the  Greek. 

"  It  is  almost  impossible  to  overlook  the  excellence  of  this  finished 
performance." — DR.  ADAM  CLARKE. 

The  last  work  was  followed  by  a  Latin  Ode  to  Liberty, 
to  which  succeeded — the  proximity  is  somewhat  amusing 
— a  matter-of-fact  Inquiry  into  the  Legal  mode  of  sup 
pressing  Riots.  In  the  next  year — 1781,  8vo — appeared 
his  learned  Essay  on  the  Law  of  Bailments,  which  is  now 
more  valued  as  a  literary  than  as  a  legal  production,  and 
which — perhaps  even  an  American  and  a  layman  may  be 
permitted  to  remark — is  far  inferior  to  Judge  Story's  great 
work  on  the  same  subject.  Jones's  Essay,  however,  is 
not  to  be  denied  considerable  merit;  and  Judge  Story 
wrote  under  a  better  comprehension  of  the  subject  as  a 
branch  of  the  Common  Law  than  was  attainable  in  the 
days  of  his  predecessor.  The  2d  ed.  of  Jones's  Essay, 
edited  by  John  Balmanno,  was  pub.  in  1798;  the  3d,  by 
J.  Nicholl,  in  1823;  the  4th,  by  W.  Theobald,  in  1834. 
The  Amer.  eds.  are,  the  reprint  of  the  2d  English  ed., 
Brattleborough,  1813,  12mo;  of  the  3d  English  ed.,  with 
addit.  Notes  and  References,  by  W.  Halstead,  N.  York, 
1828,  8vo;  and  an  ed.  pub.  in  Phila.,  1836,  8vo.  See  25 
Lon.  Monthly  Rev.,  236;  Ixvi.  298;  2  Amer.  Jur.,  78;  vii. 
137;  6N.  Amer.  Rev.,  46,  (by  Judge  Joseph  Storv;)  xxxvi. 
408,  (by  Dr.  Chas.  Follen;)  Bridg.  Leg.  Bibl.,  176;  7  Leg. 
Obs.,  117;  Marvin's  Leg.  Bibl.,  429;  Story's  Miscell. 
Writings,  68,  75,  204,  239.  We  know  of  nothing  that  we 
can  quote  in  this  connexion  so  much  to  our  purpose,  so 
strictly  pertinent,  as  the  glowing  tribute  of  Mr.  Justice 
Story  to  the  merits  of  his  illustrious  brother  of  the  law : 

"  The  doctrine  of  bailments  (which  lies  at  the  foundation  of  the 
law  of  shipments')  was  almost  struck  out  at  a  single  heat  by  Lord 
Holt,  [Note:  The  case  of  Coggs  v.  Bernard,  2  Ld.  Raym.  R.  909,] 
who  had  the  good  sense  to  incorporate  into  the  English  code  that 
system  which  the- text  and  the  commentaries  of  the  civil  law  had 
already  built  up  on  the  continent  of  Europe.  What  remained  to 
give  perfect  symmetry  and  connection  to  all  the  parts  of  that  sys 
tem,  and  to  refer  it  to  its  principles,  has  been  accomplished  in  our 
times  by  the  incomparable  Essay  of  Sir  William  Jones,  a  man  of 
whom  it  is  difficult  to  say  which  is  most  worthy  of  admiration,  the 
splendour  of  his  genius,  the  rareness  and  extent  of  his  acquire 
ments,  or  the  unspotted  purity  of  his  life.  Had  he  never  written 
any  thing  but  his  Essay  on  Bailments,  he  would  have  left  a  name 
unrivalled  in  the  common  law  for  philosophical  accuracy,  elegant 
learning,  and  finished  analysis.  Even  cold  and  cautious  as  is  the 
habit,  if  not  the  structure,  of  a  professional  mind,  it  is  impossible 
to  suppress  enthusiasm  when  we  contemplate  such  a  man." — ^forth- 
American  Review,  vi.  46-47,  Nov.  1817;  and  in  Story's  Miscett. 
Writings,  1852,  67-68. 

In  March,  1783,  Mr.  Jones  was  appointed  a  judge  of  the 
Supreme  Court  of  Judicature  at  Fort  William,  and  received 
the  honour  of  knighthood,  and  about  the  same  time — a 
happiness  which  perhaps  he  valued  more  than  either  of 
the  instances  of  good  fortune  just  named — he  was  married 
to  Anna  Maria  Shipley,  eldest  daughter  of  the  Bishop  of 
St.  Asaph.  His  friends  were  rejoiced  to  see  his  eminent 
merit  not  unsuitably  rewarded,  and  Lord  Ashburton  con 
gratulated  him  on  having  at  once  secured  "  two  of  the 
first  objects  of  human  pursuit, — those  of  ambition  and 
love." 

In  April,  1783,  Sir  William  Jones  and  his  lady  embarked 
for  India,  and  arrived  at  Calcutta  in  the  month  of  Sep 
tember.  That  ardour  in  the  pursuit  of  knowledge  which 
was  one  of  his  most  distinguishing  characteristics  was 
not  allowed  to  slumber  in  his  adopted  home.  He  called 
around  him  those  who  were  likely  to  sympathize  with  his 
interest  in  the  cause  of  learning,  and  in  nine  months  after 


JON 


JON 


his  arrival  bad  the  satisfaction  of  establishing  a  society, 
the  "  Transactions"  of  which  bave  added  greatly  to  our 
knowledge  of  Asiatic  literature  and  science.  Before  hia  j 
departure  be  had  exhibited  his  knowledge  of  an  abstruse 
department  of  Oriental  literature  by  his  translations  into 
English  of  an  Arabian  poem  on  tbe  Mohammedan  Law 
of  Succession  to  the  Property  of  Intestates,  (1782,  4to,) 
and  of  Tbe  Moallakat,  or  Seven  Ancient  Arabian  Poems, 
(1783,  4toj)  and  he  now  determined  to  qualify  himself,  by 
acquiring  a  knowledge  of  the  Sanskrit,  for  the  preparation 
of  a  digest  of  Hindu  and  Mohammedan  Laws,  similar  to 
that  which  Justinian  gave  to  his  Greek  and  Roman  sub 
jects.  The  year  1789  was  made  memorable  in  Anglo- 
India  literary  annals  by  the  publication  of  the  first  volume 
of  tbe  Asiatic  Researches,  and  the  completion  of  Sir 
William  Jones's  translation  of  Sacontala,  or  The  Fatal 
Ring,  [Sakoontala;  or,  The  Lost  Ring?]  an  ancient  Indian 
drama  by  Kalid&sa.  This  was  not  pub.,  however,  until  the 
appearance  of  the  collective  ed.  of  Sir  William's  Works, 
in  1799,  6  vols.  4to.  In  1794,  8vo,  (2d  ed.,  1797,  8vo,) 
he  pub.,  as  an  institute  prefatory  to  his  larger  work,  a 
trans,  of  the  Ordinances  of  Menu,  "  who  is  esteemed  by  | 
the  Hindus  the  first  of  created  beings,  and  not  only  the 
oldest,  but  the  holiest,  of  legislators."  Sir  William  had 
intended  in  the  following  year  (1795)  to  follow  Lady  Jones, 
who  had  been  compelled  by  ill-health  to  return  to  England 
in  1793;  but  it  was  not  so  written.  On  the  evening  of  the 
20th  of  April,  or  about  that  date,  exposure  to  the  night- 
air  during  a  protracted  ramble  brought  on  an  inflamma 
tion  of  the  liver,  which  resulted  fatally  within  a  week. 
Thus  died,  far  away  from  home,  and  separated  from  her 
whose  presence  could  best  have  soothed  the  pangs  of  a 
dying  hour,  this  illustrious  Englishman,  ere  he  had  num 
bered  forty-eight  years,  during  one-fourth  of  which  he 
had  enjoyed  a  reputation  for  scholarship  unequalled  by 
any  one  living.  Buthe'was  not  alone  :  his  excellent  friend 
Lord  Teignmouth  closed  his  eyes  in  death,  and  the  God 
whom  he  had  long  served  in  fervency  of  faith  and  humi 
lity  of  spirit  did  not  forget  him  in  the  time  of  weakness 
and  the  hour  of  trial : 

"  His  bodily  suffering,"  says  his  lordship,  "  from  the  complacency 
of  his  features  and  the  ease  of  his  attitude,  could  not  have  been 
severe ;  and  his  mind  must  have  derived  consolation  from  those 
sources  where  he  had  been  in  the  habit  of  seeking  it,  and  where 
alone,  in  our  last  moments,  it  can  ever  be  found." 

His  remains  were  interred  in  the  burial-ground  at  Cal 
cutta  ;  but  a  stately  monument  to  his  memory  arrests  the 
thoughtful  attention  of  the  visitor  to  St.  Paul's  Cathedral. 
The  testimony  of  Sir  William  Jones  to  the  authenticity 
and  inspiration  of  the  Holy  Scriptures,  and  the  weight  and 
value  of  the  sanctions  and  the  consolations  by  which  they 
appeal  to  the  mind  and  heart  of  man,  is  of  peculiar  value. 
Profoundly  versed  in  the  languages  in  which  they  were 
originally  written,  and  skilled  to  a  surprising  extent  in  the 
peculiarities  of  Oriental  literature, — starting  moreover, 
when  a  young  man,  with  a  skeptical  bias  against  tbe  claims 
of  revelation, — the  conclusion  to  which  his  mind  was 
brought  by  his  researches  is  thus  told  in  his  own  words: 

"  I  have  regularly  and  attentively  read  the  Holy  Scriptures,  and 
am  of  opinion  that  this  volume,  independent  of  its  divine  origin, 
contains  more  sublimity  and  beauty,  more  pure  morality,  more  im 
portant  history,  and  finer  strains  of  poetry  and  eloquence,  than 
can  be  collected  from  all  other  books,  in  whatever  language  or  age 
they  may  have  been  composed." 

This  will  remind  the  reader  very  forcibly  of  the  remark 
of  the  illustrious  friend  of  Sir  William  Jones's  father,  Sir 
Isaac  Newton : 

"I  find  more  sure  marks  of  the  authenticity  of  the  Bible  than  hi 
any  profane  history  whatever." 

With  us,  we  confess,  such  evidence  is  irresistible ;  and 
certain  it  is  that  if  the  testimony  of  these  great  men,  or 
of  either  of  them,  had  leaned  to  the  other  side  of  the 
question,  we  should  never  have  heard  the  last  of  it  from 
unbelievers. 

A  collective  ed.  of  the  works  of  this  eminent  scholar 
was  pub.  by  his  friend  Lord  Teignmouth,  in  1799,  in  6 
vols.  4to;  to  these  were  added  two  supplementary  volumes, 
in  1801,  and  a  Life  by  Lord  Teignmouth  in  1804;  in  all, 
9  vols.  4to.  The  whole  were  reprinted  in  1807,  in  13  vols. 
8vo,  with  the  exception  of  the  supplementary  volumes,  the 
contents  of  which  were  not  written  by  Sir  William,  but 
consist  of  a  reprint  of  such  parts  of  the  vols.  of  the  Asiatic 
Researches  pub.  under  his  presidency  as  had  not  been 
inserted  among  his  works.  The  contents  of  the  13  vols. 
of  which  Sir  William  Jones's  works  consist  are  as  follows : 
I.,  II.  Memoirs  of  the  Author,  by  Lord  Teignmouth. 
III.  Lord  Teignmouth's  Discourse  at  a  Meeting  of  the 
Asiatic  Society,  [on  the  decease  of  Sir  William  Jones;] 
Anniversary  Discourses  (XI.)  before  the  Asiatic  Society, 


1784-94.  On  the  Hindus,  the  Arabs,  the  Tartars,  the 
Persians,  the  Chinese,  the  Borderers,  Ac.  of  Asia;  the 
origin  and  families  of  nations,  Asiatic  history,  and  the 
philosophy  of  the  Asiatics.  A  dissert  on  tbe  orthogra 
phy  of  Asiatic  words  in  Roman  letters.  On  the  gods  of 
Greece,  Italy,  and  India.  IV.  On  the  Chronology  of  the 
Hindus.  Antiquity  of  the  Indian  Zodiack.  On  the  Lite 
rature  of  the  Hindus;  from  tbe  Sanscrit.  On  the  second 
classical  book  of  the  Chinese.  The  lunar  year  of  the 
Hindus.  Tbe  musical  modes  of  tbe  Hindus.  On  the 
mystical  poetry  of  the  Persians  and  Hindus.  Gitagovinda; 
or.  The  Song  of  Jayadeva.  Remarks  on  the  Island  of 
Hinzuan.  Conversation  concerning  the  city  of  Gwender. 
On  the  course  of  the  Nile.  On  the  Indian  game  of  Chess. 
Indian  grant  of  land.  Inscriptions.  Cure  of  the  Ele 
phantiasis,  Ac.  Tales  and  Fables  by  Nizami,  [translated.] 
V.  The  design  of  a  treatise  on  the  plants  of  India.  On 
the  Spikenard  of  the  Ancients,  with  a  Supp.  by  W.  Rox 
burgh,  M.D.  On  the  fruit  of  the  Mellori.  Catalogue  of 
Indian  Plants.  A  Grammar  of  the  Persian  Language.  A 
catalogue  of  the  most  valuable  books  in  the  Persian  Lan 
guage.  Index  to  the  Persian  Grammar,  [A  Vocabulary.] 
The  Hist,  of  the  Persian  Language.  VI.  Poeseos  Asiaticse 
Coinmentariorum,  libri  vi.,  cum  appendicesubjicitur  Limon, 
seu  miscellaneorum  liber.  VII.  Charges  to  the  Grand 
Jury  at  Calcutta,  1783-92.  Institutes  of  Hindu  Laws; 
or,  The  Ordinances  of  Menu,  according  to  the  Gloss,  of 
Calluca.  VIII.  Institutes  of  Menu,  continued.  The 
Mohammedan  Law  of  Succession  to  Property  of  Intestates. 
The  Mohammedan  Law  of  Inheritance.  An  Essay  on  the 
Law  of  Bailments.  An  Inquiry  into  the  Legal  Mode  of 
Suppressing  Riots.  Speech  on  the  Reformation  of  Par 
liament.  The  Principles  of  Government.  Character  of 
Lord  Ashburton.  IX.  The  Speeches  of  Isaeus,  Ac.,  [trans 
lated,]  with  Notes  and  Commentary.  Sacontala,  or  The 
Fatal  Ring;  an  Indian  drama,  by  Calidas,  trans,  from 
the  original  Sanscrit  X.  The  Moallakat;  or,  Seven 
Arabian  Poems,  which  were  suspended  on  the  Temple  at 
Mecca.  Poems,  consisting  chiefly  of  translations  from  the 
Asiatic  languages ;  to  which  are  added  two  essays :  1.  On 
the  Poetry  of  the  Eastern  Nations ;  2.  On  the  Arts  com. 
monly  called  Imitative.  Lettre  a  M.  du  P[erron].f  dans 
laquelle  est  compris  1'Examen  de  sa  Traduction  des  Livres 
attribues  a  Zoroastre.  XI.  L'histoire  de  Nadir  Chah. 

XII.  L'histoire  Chah,  continued.     Traite"  sur  la   PoSsie 
Orientale.      Introduc.   to   the  Hist  of  Nadir   Shah:   1. 
A   description   of  Asia;   2.   A   short  history  of  Persia. 

XIII.  Hitopadesa  of   Vishnusarinan.     The  Enchanted 
Fruit ;  or,  The  Hindu  Wife,  an  antediluvian  Tale,  [in  verse.] 
Hymns ;  to  Camdeo,  to  Pracrati,  Ac.,  [in  verse.]     The  first 
Nemean  ode  of  Pindar.     Extracts  from  the  last  book  of 
the  Ramayan.    Extracts  from  the  Vedas.      Fragments. 
Catalogue  of   Oriental  MSS.   presented    to    the    Royal 
Society. 

The  above  list  of  writings,  especially  when  considered 
in  connexion  with  the  multiplied  personal  engagements 
of  the  author,  certainly  exhibits  evidence  of  no  ordinary 
literary  industry.  The  admiration  of  the  reader  will  be 
increased  by  an  inspection  of  a  table  of  the  languages 
with  which  this  eminent  linguist  was  more  or  less  familiar. 
1.  Greek.  2.  Latin.  3.  Italian.  4.  French.  5.  Spanish. 
6.  Portuguese.  7.  Hebrew.  8.  Arabic.  9.  Persian.  10. 
Turkish.  11.  German.  12.  English.  13.  Sanskrit  14. 
Hindostanee.  15.  Bengalee.  16.  Thibetan.  17.  Pali. 
18.  Phaluvi.  19.  Deri.  20.  Chinese.  21.  Russian.  22. 
Runic.  23.  Syriac.  24.  Ethiopio.  25.  Coptic.  26.  Dutch. 
27.  Swedish.  28.  Welsh. 

But  Sir  William's  circle  of  attainments  was  by  no  means 
limited  to  a  knowledge  of  languages,  or  to  the  various 
subjects  upon  which  he  employed  his  fertile  pen,  as  indi 
cated  in  the  preceding  catalogue  of  his  productions :  in 
chemistry,  mathematics,  botany,  and  music,  he  was  also 
deeply  versed. 

"He  seems,"  says  Lord  Teignmouth,  "to  have  acted  on  this 
maxim :— that  whatever  had  been  attained  was  attainable  by  him ; 
and  he  was  never  observed  to  overlook  or  to  neglect  any  opportu 
nity  of  adding  to  his  accomplishments  or  to  his  knowledge.  When 
in  India,  his  studies  began  with  the  dawn,  and,  in  seasons  of  inter 
mission  from  professional  duty,  continued  throughout  the  day: 
meditation  retraced  and  confirmed  what  reading  had  collected  or 
investigation  discovered.  By  a  regular  application  of  time  to  par 
ticular  occupations,  he  pursued  various  objects  without  confusion ; 
and,  in  undertakings  which  depended  on  his  individual  perseverance, 
he  was  never  deterred  by  difticulties  from  proceeding  to  a  successful 
termination."— Life  of  Sir  WiUiam  Jones. 

The  great  success  with  which  he  pursued  his  investiga 
tions  into  the  literature  of  the  East  has  elicited  the  admi- 
"ration  of  all  who  have  carried  the  spirit  of  inquiry  into 
the  same  department : 


JON 


JON 


"There  are  few  authors  to  whom  Oriental  literature  is  under 
more  deep  obligations  than  to  Sir  William  Jones ;  few  who,  like 
him,  have  not  merely  pointed  out  original  and  important  sources 
of  knowledge,  but  contributed  in  no  inconsiderable  degree  to  render 
them  accessible.  Ho  was  equally  remarkable  for  his  ardour  and 
industry  in  philological  pursuits,  from  a  very  early  period  of  his 
life,  until  its  premature  and  lamented  close." — WELSFORD  :  Origin 
of  the  English  Language. 

"  William  Jones  has  as  yet  had  no  rivals  in  the  department  which 
he  selected ;  no  one  appears  to  have  comprehended  as  he  did  the 
antiquities  of  Asia,  and,  above  all,  of  India,  with  the  acuteness  of  a 
philosopher,  or  to  have  seen  the  mode  of  reconciling  every  thing 
with  the  doctrine  and  history  of  the  Scriptures."— FREDERICK  VON 
BCHLEGEL  :  Lects.  on  the  Hist,  of  Literature,  Ancient  and  Modern  ; 
Lect.  JTIK 

And  see  Lect.  V.,  where  several  of  Sir  William's  trans 
lations  aro  briefly  noticed. 

It  is  to  be  remembered  that  Schlegel  penned  the  pas 
sages  just  quoted  almost  half  a  century  since, — in  1812. 
Since  that  date  Oriental  literature  has  been  cultivated  with 
great  success  by  Horace  Hayman  Wilson,  Duncan  Forbes, 
Monier  Williams,  J.  Cockburn  Thomson,  Eastwick,  Cowell, 
Cassal,  Griffith,  Barker,  Keene,  Johnson,  Prinsep,  and 
others.  Among  the  modern  specimens  of  translations  from 
the  Sanskrit,  we  may  briefly  notice  that  of  the  Bhagavad- 
Git&,  by  J.  C.  Thomson,  and  the  version  of  Sakoontala, 
or  The  Lost  Ring,  by  M.  Williams.  The  prose  transla 
tions  of  these  works — that  of  the  former  by  Sir  Charles 
Wilkins,  of  the  latter  by  Sir  William  Jones — had  made 
them  known  to  Oriental  scholars,  but  in  the  new  versions 
recently  published  (1855)  they  are  likely  to  have  a  much 
wider  circulation.  Sakoontala,  or  The  Lost  Ring,  has 
elicited  ardent  eulogies  from  those  who  have  taken  the 
pains  to  acquaint  themselves  with  its  many  beauties  : 

"  The  only  specimen  of  their  plays  (nataks)  hitherto  known  to 
us  is  the  delightful  Sakontala,  which,  notwithstanding  the  foreign 
colouring  of  the  native  climate,  bears  in  its  general  structure  such 
a  striking  resemblance  to  our  own  romantic  drama,  that  we  might 
be  inclined  to  suspect  we  owe  this  resemblance  to  the  predilection 
for  Shakspeare  entertained  by  the  English  translator,  (Sir  William 
Jones,)  if  his  fidelity  were  not  attested  by  other  learned  Oriental 
ists." — AUGUSTUS  WILLIAM  VON  SCHLEGEL  :  Lects.  on  Dramat.  Art 
andLit.,l8QS;  Lect.  U. 

"  Of  all  Indian  poems,  so  far  as  we  are  as  yet  acquainted  with 
them,  that  of  Sokuntola  (which  has  been  translated  with  the  most 
scrupulous  exactness  by  Jones)  is  the  work  which  gives  the  best 
idea  of  Indian  poetry :  it  is  a  speaking  example  of  that  sort  of 
beauty  which  is  peculiar  to  the  spirit  of  their  fictions."— FREDERICK 
VON  SCHLEGEL  :  Lects.  on  the  Hist,  of  Lit.,  1812 ;  Lect.  V. 

"  Kalidasa,  the  celebrated  author  of  Sakoontala,  is  a  masterly 
describer  of  the  influence  which  nature  exercises'  upon  the  minds 
of  lovers.  This  great  poet  flourished  at  the  Court  of  Vikramaditya, 
and  was  therefore  contemporary  with  Virgil  and  Horace.  Tender 
ness  in  the  expression  of  feeling,  and  richness  of  creative  fancy 
have  assigned  to  him  his  lofty  place  among  the  poets  of  all  nations.' 
—ALEXANDER  VON  HUMBOLDT. 

But  the  glowing  eulogy  of  Goethe  must  not  be  omitted : 
"  Wouldst  thou  the  young  year's  blossoms  and  the  fruits  of  its 

decline, 
And  all  by  which  the  soul  is  charm'd,  enraptured,  feasted,  fed? 

Would  thou  the  earth  and  heaven  itself  in  one  sole  name  combine? 
I  name  thee,  0  Sakontala !  and  all  at  once  is  said." 

Mr.  Williams's  translation  is  a  free  one,  and  in  prose 
and  verse,  and  a  great  improvement  (according  to  Profes 
sor  H.  H.  Wilson)  upon  the  original  translation  by  Sir 
William  Jones.  Whilst  noticing  modern  translations  of 
this  school,  we  must  not  omit  to  make  honourable  mention 
of  the  following: 

Khirad-Afroz,  Anvar-i  Suhaili,  Gulistdn,  B£gh  o  Baha>, 
and  Prem  S&gar,  by  Prof.  E.  B.  Eastwick;  a  selection 
from  the  Odes  of  H&fiz,  and  Vikramorva'sf,  by  Prof.  E.  B. 
Cowell ;  the  Anek&rtha  of  Hemachandra,  by  Charles  Cassal ; 
Baital  Pachisf,  by  Prof.  W.  B.  Barker ;  Akhlak-i  Muhsinf, 
by  Prof.H.  G.  Keene  j  and  Hitopade"sa,  by  Prof.  Johnson. 
We  observe  that  a  prize  of  £300-  has  been  recently  of 
fered,  (March,  1857,)  by  a  gentleman  lately  a  member  of 
the  Bengal  Civil  Service,  for  the  best  treatise  on  the  Ve- 
danta.  The  treatise  is  to  be  written  in  German  or  French. 
The  essays  are  to  be  lodged  with  the  Royal  Asiatic  Society 
before  April  1,  1860,  and  Professor  Lassen,  of  Bonn,  Dr. 
Windischmann,  of  Munich,  and  Professor  Max  Miiller,  of 
Oxford,  are  to  be  the  examiners  and  adjudicators.  The 
object  is  to  elicit  treatises  which  will  be  of  assistance  to 
Christian  missionaries  in  the  East.  Some  years  ago,  the 
game  gentleman  who  offers  this  prize  placed  two  sums  of 
£500  at  the  disposal  of  the  Universities  of  Oxford  and 
Cambridge,  for  essays  on  Christianity  and  Hinduism. 

But  we  have  wandered  from  our  theme,  and  the  length 
of  our  article  warns  us  to  return.  It  may  be  readily  sup 
posed  that  the  melancholy  news  of  the  early  demise  of  the 
profound  scholar,  the  upright  judge,  the  conscientious 
Christian,  and  the  affectionate  friend,  elicited  many  tears 
not  only  in  the  land  where  he  had  been  known  from  boy 
hood,  but  also  in  his  adopted  home,  among  a  simple  and 
H* 


onfiding  people,  who  had  suffered  too  much  from  the 
cruelty  and  extortion  of  many  of  his  countrymen  not  to 
know  how  to  value  a  man  of  such  true  nobility  of  character 
as  Sir  William  Jones  : 

The  pundits  who  were  in  the  habit  of  attending  him,"  remarks 
lis  friend  and  biographer,  "  when  I  saw  them  at  a  public  durbar  a 
few  days  after  that  melancholy  event,  could  neither  restrain  their 
;ears  for  his  loss,  nor  find  terms  to  express  their  admiration  at  the 
wonderful  progress  which  he  had  made  in  the  sciences  which  they 
professed." — LORD  TEIGNMOUTH  :  Life  of  Sir  William  Jones. 

The  commendations  of  his  countrymen  have  been  la 
vished  upon  his  character  and  attainments  with  all  the  pro 
fusion  of  eloquence  animated  by  the  warmth  of  affection, 
and  yet  have  not  exceeded  the  rigid  estimate  of  impartial 
criticism. 

Know  him,  sir!"  exclaimed  the  friend  of  his  boyhood,  Samuel 
Parr, — who,  with  all  his  pompous  affectation,  had  a  warm  heart  under 
his  Roman  mail, — "  Know  him,  sir  1  who  did  not  know  him  ?  Who 
did  not  bend  in  devout  respect  at  the  variety  and  depth  of  his 
learning,  the  integrity  of  his  principles,  and  the  benevolence  of  his 
heart  ?" — Barker's  Parriana,  322. 

Need  I  dwell  a  moment,"  says  Dr.  Dibdin,  "  on  the  recommen 
dation  of  the  works  of  Sir  William  Jones  ?  A  scholar,  a  critic,  phi 
losopher,  lawyer,  and  poet, — where  shall  we  find,  in  the  works  of 
the  same  man,  greater  demonstrations  of  pure  and  correct  feeling, 
and  cultivated  and  classical  taste,  than  in  the  volumes  here  noticed 
and  recommended  ?  The  piety  of  Sir  William  Jones  was  not  inferior 
to  his  learning.  A  thoroughly  good  and  great-minded  man,  his  cau 
tion,  humility,  and  diffidence  were  equal  to  his  learning  and  multi 
farious  attainments;  and  there  is  a  vigour  and  raciness  in  his 
translations  of  Persian  poetry  which  give  them  the  enchanting  air 
of  original  productions."—!/*.  Comp.,  ed.  1825,  425. 

"  His  writings  everywhere  breathe  pure  taste  in  morals  as  well 
as  in  literature ;  and  it  may  be  said  with  truth,  that  not  a  single 
sentiment  has  escaped  him  which  does  not  indicate  the  real  elegance 
and  dignity  which  pervaded  the  most  secret  recesses  of  his  mind. 
No  author  is  better  calculated  to  inspire  those  generous  sentiments 
of  liberty  without  which  the  most  just  principles  are  useless  and 
lifeless." — SIR  JAMES  MACKINTOSH. 

"  The  name  of  Sir  William  Jones  is  associated  not  only  with  the 
splendour  of  a  great  reputation,  but  with  almost  all  the  amiable 
and  exemplary  virtues ;  and  the  tender  affections,  which  were  a 
little  chilled  by  the  aspect  of  his  vast  literary  attainments,  are  won 
sweetly  back,  and  rest  with  delight  upon  the  view  which  is  here 
exhibited  [in  Lord  Teign  mouth's  Life  of  Sir  William  Jones]  of  the 
purity,  the  integrity,  and  the  mildness  of  his  private  manners.  . . . 
The  most  remarkable  features  of  his  character,  indeed,  seem  to 
have  resulted  from  the  union  of  this  gentleness  and  modesty  of  dis 
position  with  a  very  lofty  conception  of  his  own  capability  and 
destination." — LORD  JEFFREY  :  Review  of  Lord  Teignmouth's  Life  of 
Sir  Wm.  Jones,  Edin.  Rev.,  v.  329-330,  Jan.  1805. 

"  In  the  course  of  a  short  life,  Sir  William  Jones  acquired  a  degree 
of  knowledge  which  the  ordinary  faculties  of  men,  if  they  were 
blessed  with  antediluvian  longevity,  could  scarcely  hope  to  surpass. 
His  learning  threw  light  on  the  laws  of  Greece  and  India,  on  the  ge 
neral  literature  of  Asia,  and  on  the  history  of  the  family  of  nations. 
He  carried  philosophy,  eloquence,  and  philanthropy  into  the  cha 
racter  of  a  lawyer  and  a  judge.  Amidst  the  driest  toils  of  erudition, 
he  retained  a  sensibility  to  the  beauties  of  poetry,  and  a  talent  for 
transfusing  them  into  his  own  language,  which  has  seldom  been 
united  with  the  same  degree  of  industry.  When  he  went  abroad, 
it  was  not  to  enrich  himself  with  the  spoils  of  avarice  or  ambition, 
but  to  search,  amidst  the  ruins  of  Oriental  literature,  for  treasures 
which  he  would  not  have  exchanged 

'  For  all  Bocara's  vaunted  gold, 
Or  all  the  gems  of  Samarcand.' " 

THOMAS  CAMPBELL. 

But  Lord  Jeffrey  takes  a  view  of  this  subject  less  dis 
couraging  to  the  young  student,  and  tells  us  that, 

Great  as  Sir  William  Jones's  attainments  unquestion 
ably  were,  they  may  be  contemplated  without  despair  by 
any  one  who  is  not  frightened  by  his  industry."     Nor  is 
his  lordship  disposed  to  concede  to  Sir  William  Jones's  mind 
the  attributes  of  original  genius,  philosophical  acumen,  or 
great  strength  of  understanding.     A  similar  opinion  to  this 
was  expressed  in  very  decided  terms  by  one  who,  as  we  have 
just  seen,entertained  the  highest  admiration  for  SirWillam's 
character, — Sir  James  Mackintosh.    But  the  time  for  quota 
tion  is  passed,  and  the  curious  reader  can  pursue  this  matter 
further  by  referring  to  the  Edinburgh  Review  for  January, 
1805, — Lord  Jeffrey's  Review  of  Lord  Teignmouth's  Life 
of  Sir  William  Jones;  and  to  the  North  American  Review 
for  October,  1832, — Alexander  H.  Everett's  Conversations 
with  Sir  James  Mackintosh ;  Sir  James  Mackintosh's  Life. 
Jones,  William.     Insanity;  Med.  Com.,  1786. 
Jones,  William.     Three  Serms.,  1778-96. 
Jones,  William.     Works  on  astronomy,  mathema 
tics,  geography,  and  natural  philos.,  Lon.,  1782-1800,  Ac. 
Jones,  William.     Art  of  Music,  Colches.,  1784,  fol. 
Jones,  William.     Two  Serms.,  Lon.,  1790-94. 
Jones,  William.     Spectacles ;  Nic.  Jour.,  1804. 
Jones,  William,  1762-1846,  a  native  of  Poulton, 
England,  a  bookseller  and   pastor  of   a   Scotch  Baptist 
Church  in  Finsbury.     1.  Life  of  Abr.  Booth,  Lon.,  1808, 
8vo.     2.  Hist,  of  the  Waldenses,  1811,  8vo.     Subsequently 
pub.  under  the  title  of  The  Hist,  of  the  Christian  Church 
to  the  18th  Cent,  including  the  Hist  of  the  Waldenses 
and  Albigenses;  4th  ed.,  1819,  2  vols.  8vo. 


JON 


JON 


"Contains  a  great  variety  of  curious  and  highly-interesting  par 
ticulars." — L-m.  Month.  Rev. 

3.  The  Biblical  Cyclopaedia  j  or,  Dictionary  of  the  Holy 
Scriptures,  1816,  2  vols.  8vo.  Last  ed.,  1840,  8vo. 

"The  plan  of  this  Biblical  Cyclopaedia  is  less  extensive  than  that 
of  Dr.  J.  Robinson's  Dictionary." — Home's  Eibl.  Bib. 

"  A  very  useful  book  of  reference  on  almost  all  subjects  relating 
to  the  sacred  volume.  It  is  the  production  of  an  able  and  diligent 
man."—  WMiams's  C.P. 

"  The  author  is  a  decided  Calvinist.  The  geographical  portion  of 
his  work  is  particularly  well  executed." — Lowndes's  Bibl.  Man. 

See  a  review  in  the  British  Critic,  N.  S.,  445.  4.  Dic 
tionary  of  Religious  Opinions,  1817,  12mo.  Reprinted. 

"  The  description  of  each  sect  is  given  with  very  tolerable  accu 
racy  and  candour ;  and  we  can  fairly  say  that  it  is,  upon  the  whole, 
the  best  book  of  the  kind  that  wo  have  seen." — British  Critic. 

5.  Serins,  by,  and  the  Life  of,  Archibald  McLean,  1817, 
8vo.     6.  Christian  Biography,  1829,  12mo.     7.  Lects.  on 
the  Apocalypse,  1829,  8vo.     The  author  argues  against  the 
doctrine  of  the  personal  reign  of  Christ  on  earth.     Com 
mended  by  the  Imperial  Mag.,  June,  1830 ;  Evangel.  Mag., 
Jan.  1830;  Baptist  Mag.,  Dec.  1829;  Baptist  Miscellany, 
Feb.  1830.     8.  Autobiography,  edited  by  his  son,  1846,  8vo, 
q.v.     See  also  Jamieson's  Cyc.  of  Mod.  Relig.  Biog. 
Jones,  William.     Reports  of.Trials,  1808,  '09. 
Jones,  William.     Corn  Rick;  Nic.  Jour.,  1812. 
Jones,  Rev.  William.     1.  Testamentary  Counsels. 
2.  Life  of  Rowland  Hill :  see  HILL,  ROWLAND. 

Jones,  William.  Observations  on  the  Insolvent 
Debtor's  Act,  Lon.,  1829,  8vo. 

Jones,  William  Alfred,  b.  June  26,  1817,  in  the 
city  of  New  York,  is  the  son  of  the  late  Hon.  David  S. 
Jones,  and  a  member  of  a  family  which  has  long  been 
eminent  in  the  annals  of  jurisprudence.  The  subject  of 
our  notice  graduated  at  Columbia  College,  New  York,  and 
has  been  for  some  years  officiating  in  the  capacity  of  libra 
rian  to  that  institution.  1.  The  Analyst :  a  Collection  of 
Miscellaneous  Papers,  New  York,  1840,  ISmo. 

"  This  is  a  volume  well  worthy  to  be  read.  It  gives  proof  of  re 
flection,  observation,  and  literary  culture ;  and  its  style  is  always 
clear,  sometimes  forcible  and  terse,  though  not  often  elegant.  It 
abounds  with  shrewd  remarks,  happy  criticisms,  and  well-drawn 
traits  of  character.  But  it  is  not  executed  with  equal  felicity 
throughout.  The  author  imitates  largely  in  some  parts  of  his  book ; 
he  writes  not  from  his  own  mind  and  after  his  own  fashion,  but 
draws  from  others  both  matter  and  form." — N.  Amer.  Review,  1. 
631-533,  April,  1840,  (by  Prof.  C.  C.  Felton.) 

The  remainder  of  this  notice  consists,  like  the  above, 
of  mixed  praise  and  censure.  2.  Literary  Studies  :  a  Col 
lection  of  Miscellaneous  Essays,  1847,  2  vols.  ISmo.  3. 
Memorial  of  the  late  Hon.  David  S.  Jones;  containing 
notices  of  the  Jones  family  of  Queens  County,  1849,  sm. 
4to.  4.  Essays  upon  Authors  and  Books,  1849, 12mo.  See 
N.  York  Literary  World,  Dec.  1849;  South.  Quar.  Rev., 
April,  1850.  5.  Characters  and  Criticisms,  1857,  2  vols. 
12mo.  These  vols.  contain  a  revised  selection  from  his 
contributions  to  periodicals. 

"The  sound  judgment,  nice  discrimination,  cultivated  thought, 
kind  spirit,  and  perfect  candor  evinced  throughout  these  volumes, 
render  them  worthy  of  being  treasured  as  prevailing  models  of 
true  criticism,  as  well  as  standards  of  opinion  on  the  subjects  to 
which  they  relate." — WASHINGTON  IRVING. 

Mr.  Jones  has  been  long  known  as  a  critic,  and  his  un- 
collected  essays,  contributed  to  the  New  York  Church  Re 
cord,  Arcturus,  Whig  Review,  Democratic  Review,  Ac., 
would  fill  two  vols.  of  the  size  of  those  which  he  has  given 
to  the  world.  A  highly-favourable  opinion  of  Mr.  Jones's 
critical  abilities  will  be  found  in  Edgar  A.  Poe's  Literati, 
in  the  paper  entitled  E.  P.  Whipple  and  other  Critics. 

Jones,  William  Basil.  1.  Vestiges  of  the  Gael  in 
Gwynedd,  Lon.,  8vo.  2.  With  Edward  A.  Freeman,  Hist, 
and  Antiq.  of  St.  David's,  Pts.  1-4,  1852-57,  4to;  some 
copies  on  large  paper. 

"  This  book  of  Messrs.  Jones  and  Freeman  will  be  an  indispen 
sable  companion  to  all  future  Welsh  ecclesiastical  historians."— ion. 
Athenceum,  March  28, 1857,  404. 
See  FREEMAN,  EDWARD  A. 

Jones,  William  T.  Catholic  Rights,  1792,  8vo. 
Jonson,  Ben,  or,  more  correctly,  Benjamin  John 
son,  1573-1637,  one  of  the  most  eminent  of  English  dra 
matists,  was  a  native  of  Westminster,  and  came  into  the 
world  a  month  after  the  decease  of  his  father, — who,  after 
suffering  imprisonment  and  confiscation  of  estates  for  his 
Protestant  principles,  became  a  preacher  of  those  doctrines 
for  which  he  had  been  in  bonds.  It  has  been  generally 
asserted  by  the  poet's  biographers,  from  the  time  of  Wood 
to  Gifford,  that  his  mother,  after  the  decease  of  Jonson's 
father,  married  again,  and  that  the  object  of  her  choice 
was  a  bricklayer,  named  Thomas  Fowler.  But  the  later 
researches  of  Mr.  Peter  Cunningham,  endorsed  by  the 
learned  imprimatur  of  Mr.  J.  Payne  Collier,  have  brought 
us  to  the  conclusion,  to  borrow  the  language  of  the  last- 


named  gentleman,  that,  "if  Ben  Jonson's  mother  married 
a  second  time,  we  have  yet  to  ascertain  who  was  her  second 
husband."  That  the  future  poet,  however,  did  in  his  early 
youth  give  some  reluctant  attention  to  the  useful  art  and 
mystery  of  brickmaking,  we  have  his  own  avowal,  con 
veyed  in  most  disgustful  terms.  Previously  to  this  un 
promising  entrance  upon  the  responsibilities  of  active  life, 
Jonson  had  pursued  his  studies  at  tho  school  attached  to 
St.  Martin's-in-the-Fields,  at  Westminster  School,  (under 
the  illustrious  Camden,)  and  for  a  week  or  month,  when  in 
his  sixteenth  year,  at  St.  John's  College,  Cambridge.  After 
throwing  aside  his  trowel,  the  mechanic  turned  soldier,  and 
gained  great  distinction  by  his  bravery  while  serving  in  a 
campaign  in  the  Low  Countries.  There  is  a  tradition  that 
on  his  return  to  England  at  the  age  of  nineteen  he  re 
turned  to  pursue  his  studies  at  Cambridge ;  but  this  conjec 
ture  appears  to  have  no  better  foundation  than  the  difficulty 
of  otherwise  accounting  for  that  proficiency  which  he  un 
doubtedly  acquired  in  some  of  the  Latin  authors.  It  ap 
pears  much  more  likely  that  he  immediately  became  con 
nected  with  the  stage, — where  he  had  but  little  success  ag 
an  actor, — and  not  long  after  applied  his  literary  talent  to 
good  purpose  by  assisting  the  dramatists  of  the  day  in  the 
composition  of  their  pieces.  An  unfortunate  quarrel  with 
a  brother-actor,  named  Gabriel  Spencer,  led  to  a  duel  which 
resulted  in  the  death  of  the  latter  and  the  imprisonment, 
for  about  a  twelvemonth,  of  the  unhappy  victor.  Whilst 
in  prison,  he  was  visited  by  a  Roman  Catholic  priest,  who 
presented  his  doctrines  in  so  favourable  a  light  to  the  re 
pentant  duellist  that  he  became  a  convert,  and  for  twelve 
years  retained  the  ecclesiastical  connexion  thus  com 
menced.  The  young  actor  was  no  sooner  discharged  from 
custody  than  he  sought  to  resign  his  freedom,  and,  perhaps 
without  a  due  appreciation  of  the  serious  step  he  was 
taking,  was  not  satisfied  until  able  to  write  himself  a  mar 
ried  man.  The  hardships  of  poverty  pressed  sorely  upon 
the  young  couple,  whose  sole  fortune  consisted  in  their 
abundant  stock  of  mutual  affection,  (we  speak  of  the  honey 
moon,)  and  the  actor  determined  to  become  an  author  in 
the  enlarged  sense  of  that  term,  by  trying  his  luck  with  a 
drama,  calculated,  he  fondly  hoped,  to  produce  a  harvest 
of  profit  and  reputation.  The  precise  time  at  which  he 
composed  the  Comoedie  of  Euery  Man  in  his  Hvmvr  can 
not  now  be  ascertained,  but  it  was  originally  acted  by  the 
Lord-Chamberlain's  servants,  in  the  form  in  which  we  have 
it,  in  the  year  1598,  although  it  is  asserted  that  it  was  acted 
eleven  times  between  Nov.  25,  1596,  and  Nov.  10,  1597. 
He  seems  to  have  previously  written  for  the  stage  con 
jointly  with  others,  as  we  have  intimated  above,  and  with 
out  assistance;  but  we  are  obliged  to  commence  the  list  of 
his  ascertained  productions  with  the  play  just  named. 
This  at  once  gained  him  fame  and  enemies;  and  now  seem 
to  have  commenced  those  literary  quarrels  the  details  of 
which  form  so  large  a  portion  of  Jonson's  personal  history. 
Rejecting  the  stories  of  his  misunderstandings  with  Shak- 
speare,  who,  it  is  asserted, — but  the  assertion  is  not  believed 
by  Gifford, — was  the  means  of  introducing  his  first  comedy 
on  the  stage,  we  still  leave  our  poet's  hands  full  of  his 
assailants, — Decker,  Marston,  Gill,  and  other  active  com 
batants.  This  successful  piece  was  followed  by  Euery 
Man  ovt  of  his  Hvmvr,  A  Comicall  Satyre,  first  acted  in 
1599;  Cynthias  Revels,  or  The  Fountayne  of  Selfe-Loue, 
first  acted  in  1599 ;  The  Poetaster,  or  His  Arraignement, 
a  Comicall  Satyre,  first  acted  in  1601 ;  Seianvs  his  Fall,  a 
Tragoedie,  first  acted  in  1603;  Volpone,  or  The  Foxe,  a 
Comedie,  first  acted  in  1605;  Epicoene,  or  The  Silent 
Woman,  Comoedie,  first  acted  in  1609 ;  The  Alchemist,  a 
Comoedie,  first  acted  in  1610;  Catiline  his  Conspiracy,  a 
Tragoedie,  first  acted  in  1611.  So  far  we  have  quoted  the 
titles  of  our  author's  principal  productions  (not  pausing 
to  notice  his  minor  pieces)  from  his  own  collective  edit, 
of  his  Workes,  pub.  in  1616,  now  lying  before  us.  To 
these  succeed,  in  this  ancient  folio,  Epigrammes,  I.Booke; 
The  Forrest,  (Songs,  Odes,  Ac. ;)  Part  of  the  King's  En 
tertainment  in  passing  to  his  Coronation ;  A  Panegyre  on 
The  Happie  Entrance  of  James  ovr  Soveraigne  to  Fis 
first  high  Session  of  Parliament  in  this  his  Kingdotuo  tue 
19  of  March,  1603 ;  Masqves  at  Coort 

It  will  be  seen  that  in  this  folio,  pub.  in  1616,  the  author 
did  not  include  the  Comedies  of  Bartholomew  Fair,  pro 
duced  in  1614,  and  the  Devil's  an  Ass,  produced  in  1616. 
It  is  probable,  also,  that  a  number  of  minor  pieces  written 
before  this  time  (many  are  without  any  date)  were  re 
served  by  the  author  for  a  future  volume  of  his  collected 
Workes : 

"  He  seems  "  says  Gifford,  "  to  have  meditated  a  complete  edition 
of  all  Ms  works;  but  he  apparently  grew  weary  towards  the  con- 


JON 


JON 


elusion  of  the  volume,  and  never  (unless  peculiarly  called  upon) 
had  recourse  to  the  press  afterwards.  The  second  folio  is  a  wretched 
continuation  of  the  first,  printed  from  the  MSS.  surreptitiously  ob 
tained  during  his  life,  or  ignorantly  hurried  through  the  press 
after  his  death.  It  bears  a  variety  of  dates,  from  1631  to  1641  in 
clusive.  It  is  probable  that  he  looked  forward  to  a  period  of  retire 
ment  and  ease ;  but  the  loss  of  his  MSS.  by  fire,  and  the  fatal  illness 
which  almost  immediately  afterwards  seized  him,  rendered  all  such 
views  abortive.  It  is  remarkable  that  he  calls  his  Epigrams  '  Book 
the  First:'  he  had,  therefore,  others  in  his  hand;  but  they  have 
perished." — Memoir  of  Ben  Jonson. 

It  was  three  years  after  Jonson's  death  before  any  of  his 
later  productions  were  published.  Two  small  edits,  of  his 
minor  pieces  were  issued  in  1640,  and  in  the  next  year 
appeared  a  reprint  of  his  own  folio  of  1616,  and  a  second 
vol.  of  the  same  size,  containing  his  dramatic  pieces  from 
1612,  several  masques,  and  all  that  could  be  discovered  of 
his  occasional  poetry.  Another  collective  ed.  of  his  Works 
was  pub.  in  1692,  fol. ;  another  (a  reprint  of  the  last)  in  1715, 
6  vols.  8vo ;  and  a  more  complete  one,  edited  by  the  Rev. 
Peter  Whalley,  in  1756,  7  vols.  8vo.  A  second  issue  of 
Whalley's  edit,  was  commenced  in  1792,  but  the  publica 
tion  extended  no  further  than  two  numbers.  In  1811,  4 
vols.  r.  8vo,  appeared — what  has  been  denominated  "an 
execrable  edition" — The  Dramatic  Works  of  Ben  Jonson 
and  Beaumont  and  Fletcher.  Whalley's  edit,  was  most 
carelessly  compiled,  the  text  that  of  the  impression  of  1715, 
rarely  collated  with  early  edits.,  and  often  erroneous,  and 
the  notes  of  little  if  of  any  value.  In  1816  Mr.  William 
Gifford  pub.  the  first  good  edit,  of  Jonson's  Works.  This 
was  accompanied  with  Notes,  Critical  and  Explanatory, 
and  a  Biographical  Memoir.  It  was  pub.  in  9  vols.  8vo, 
£6  6s. ;  T.  8vo,  £9.  We  shall  have  something  more  to  say 
of  this  edit,  presently.  In  1838,  Mr.  Moxon,  of  London, 
pub.  an  edit,  of  Jonson's  Works  in  r.  8vo,  edited  by  Barry 
Cornwall,  another  edit,  in  1841,  r.  8vo,  and  again  in  1853, 
r.  8vo.  Mr.  Moxon  put  forth  a  collective  edit.,  prefaced 
in  both  cases  with  Gifford's  Memoir  of  the  Author.  To 
this  Memoir,  and  especially  to  the  biography  of  Jonson 
in  Austin  and  Kalph's  Lives  of  the  Poets  Laureate,  Lon., 
1853,  8vo,  we  refer  the  reader  for  further  information  re 
specting  "  Rare  Ben  Jonson."  ihe  other  accounts  of  the 
poet,  referred  to  below,  may  be  examined  for  the  gratifica 
tion  of  curiosity,  and  for  the  amusing  gossip  of  the  times 
to  which  they  relate ;  but,  according  to  Mr.  Gifford,  few 
men  have  suffered  more  from  literary  injustice  than  the 
author  of  Catiline  and  Sejanus.  Mr.  Giffbrd  himself,  how 
ever,  is  perhaps  too  warm  a  partisan  to  be  considered  an 
infallible  authority.  In  Moxon's  reprints  of  Jonson's 
Works,  above  referred  to,  (1841,  r.  8vo;  1853,  r.  8vo,)  the 
arrangement  is  as  follows :  after  the  eleven  dramatic  pieces 
already  noticed  by  us,  come  The  Staple  of  News,  a  Play ; 
The  New  Inn,  or  The  Light  Heart,  a  comedy ;  The  Mag 
netic  Lady,  or  Humours  Reconciled,  a  play ;  A  Tale  of  a 
Tub,  a  play ;  (this  is  the  last  work  of  the  author  that  was 
submitted  to  the  stage;)  The  Sad  Shepherd,  or  A  Tale  of 
Robin  Hood,  a  play ;  The  Case  is  Altered,  a  play  ;  Enter 
tainments  ;  Masques;  Epigrams;  The  Forest;  Under 
woods  ;  Leges  Convivales ;  Translations  from  the  Latin 
Poets  ;  Timber,  or  Discoveries  made  upon  Men  and  Mat 
ter;  The  English  Grammar;  Jonsonus  Viribus,  or  The 
Memory  of  Ben  Jonson ;  Glossary;  Index.  Between  Gif 
ford's  Memoir  of  the  Author  and  the  first  of  his  pieces  are 
inserted  Ancient  Commendatory  Verses  on  Ben  Jonson. 
We  have  already  referred  (see  CHAPMAN,  GEORGE)  to 
Jonson's  share  in  the  composition  of  Eastward-Ho,  and  he 
was  a  partner  in  other  literary  enterprises, — according  to 
the  custom  of  the  poets  of  the  age. 

It  was  in  1616  that  Jonson  received  an  acceptable  mark 
of  the  royal  favour,  in  the  shape  of  an  annual  pension 
from  King  James  of  one  hundred  marks  a  year  for  life, 
(from  henceforth  we  designate  him  by  the  title  of  Poet- 
Laureate,)  which  was  increased  by  King  Charles,  in  1630, 
to  one  hundred  pounds  sterling,  and  "a  terse  of  Canary 
Wine."  This  augmentation  of  his  income  (for  which,  in 
deed,  he  had  petitioned  the  king  in  a  rhyming  epistle)  did 
not  come  any  too  soon,  for  the  extravagance  of  the  poet 
between  1616  and  1625,  his  multiplied  libations  at  the 
Mermaid,  and  profuse  hospitality  at  his  own  table,  had 
reduced  him  to  great  straits.  It  is  melancholy  to  be  obliged 
to  add  that  he  died  in  poverty :  it  is  more  pleasing  to  our 
feelings  to  be  able  to  record  the  fact  that  he  departed  in 
penitence  and  faith, — regretting  the  occasional  irreverence 
of  his  pen,  and,  we  trust,  deploring  the  frequent  abuse  of 
powers  which  were  given  for  nobler  ends.  He  was  called 
to  the  "dread  account"  before  the  "Judge  of  all  the  earth" 
on  the  6th  day  of  August,  1637.  Did  our  space  permit, 
we  might,  ere  we  proceeded  to  a  brief  consideration  of 
Jonson's  characteristics  as  a  writer,  linger  a  short  time 
996 


over  some  of  the  prominent  incidents  of  the  poet's  life, 
especially  upon  his  memorable  visit  to  Drummond  of  Haw- 
thornden  in  1619,  his  wit  (or  wet)  combats  with  Shakspeare, 
and  his  less  amiable  contests  with  the  second-rate  wits  of  this 
belligerent  age.  But  we  have  already  referred  the  reader 
to  abundant  sources  of  information,  and  with  them  we  shall 
leave  him,  after  he  has  borne  us  company  for  a  few  mo 
ments  longer,  whilst  we  quote  some  opinions  from  a  few 
eminent  authorities  respecting  the  characteristics  of  this 
once-favourite  author. 

"  Ben  Jonson,  a  younger  contemporary  and  rival  of  Shakspeare, 
who  laboured  in  the  sweat  of  his  brow,  but  with  no  great  success, 
to  expel  the  romantic  drama  from  the  English  stage  and  to  form 
it  on  the  model  of  the  ancients,  gave  it  as  his  opinion  that  Shak 
speare  did  not  blot  enough,  and  that,  as  he  did  not  possess  much 
school-learning,  he  owed  more  to  nature  than  to  art.  .  .  .  Jonson 
was  a  critical  poet  in  the  good  and  bad  sense  of  the  word.  He  en 
deavoured  to  form  an  exact  estimate  of  what  he  had  on  every  oc 
casion  to  perform ;  hence  he  succeeded  best  in  that  species  of  the 
drama  which  makes  the  principal  demand  on  the  understanding' 
and  with  little  call  on  the  imagination  and  feeling, — the  comedy 
of  character.  He  introduced  nothing  into  his  works  which  critical 
dissection  should  not  be  able  to  extract  again,  as  his  confidence  in 
it  was  such,  that  he  conceived  it  exhausted  every  thing  which 
pleases  and  charms  us  in  poetry.  He  was  not  aware  that  in  the 
chemical  retort  of  the  critic  what  is  most  valuable,  the  volatile 
living  spirit  of  a  poem,  evaporates.  His  pieces  are  in  general  defi 
cient  in  soul,  in  that  nameless  something  which  never  ceases  to 
attract  and  enchant  us  even  because  it  is  indefinable.  In  the  lyrical 
pieces,  his  Masques,  we  feel  the  want  of  a  certain  mental  music  of 
imagery  and  intonation,  which  the  most  accurate  observation  of 
difficult  measures  cannot  give.  He  is  everywhere  deficient  in  those 
excellencies  which,  unsought,  flow  from  the  poet's  pen,  and  which 
no  artist  who  purposely  hunts  for  them  can  ever  hope  to  find. 
We  must  not  quarrel  with  him,  however,  for  entertaining  a  high 
opinion  of  his  own  works,  since  whatever  merits  they  have  he 
owed,  like  acquired  moral  properties,  altogether  to  himself.  The 
production  of  them  was  attended  with  labour,  and  unfortunately 
it  is  also  a  labour  to  read  them.  They  resemble  solid  and  regular 
edifices,  before  which,  however,  the  clumsy  scaffolding  still  remains, 
to  interrupt  and  prevent  us  from  viewing  the  architecture  with  ease 
and  receiving  from  it  a  harmonious  impression.  We  have  of  Jonson 
two  tragical  attempts,  and  a  number  of  comedies  and  masques. 

"  He  could  have  risen  to  the  dignity  of  the  tragic  tone,  but  for 
the  pathetic  he  had  not  the  smallest  turn.  As  he  incessantly 
preaches  up  the  imitation  of  the  ancients,  (and  he  had,  we  cannot 
deny,  a  learned  acquaintance  with  their  works,)  it  is  astonishing  to 
observe  how  much  his  two  tragedies  differ,  both  in  substance  and 
form,  from  the  Greek  tragedy.  .  .  .  After  these  attempts,  Jonson 
took  leave  of  the  Tragic  Muse,  and  in  reality  his  talents  were  far 
better  suited  to  Comedy,  and  that,  too,  merely  the  Comedy  of  Cha 
racter.  His  characterization,  however,  is  more  marked  with  serious 
satire  than  playful  ridicule:  the  latter  Roman  satirists,  rather  than 
the  comic  authors,  were  his  models.  In  so  far  as  plot  is  concerned, 
the  greatest  praise  is  merited  by  Volpone,  The  Alchemist,  and  Epiccene, 
or  the  Silent  Woman.  ...  Of  all  Jonson's  pieces  there  is  hardly  one 
which,  as  it  stands,  would  please  on  the  stage  in  the  present  day, 
even  as  most  of  them  failed  to  please  in  his  own  time:  extracts 
from  them,  however,  could  hardly  fail  to  be  successful.  In  general, 
much  might  be  borrowed  from  him,  and  much  might  be  learned 
both  from  his  merits  and  defects.  His  characters  are,  for  the  most 
part,  solidly  and  judiciously  drawn ;  what  he  most  fails  in,  is  the 
art  of  setting  them  off  by  the  contrast  of  situations.  The  pecu 
liarity  of  Jonson's  Masques  most  deserving  of  remark  seems  to  me 
to  be  the  anti-masques,  as  they  are  called,  which  the  poet  himself 
sometimes  attaches  to  his  own  invention,  and  generally  allows  to 
precede  the  serious  act.  As  the  ideal  flatteries,  for  whose  sake  the 
gods  have  been  brought  down  from  Olympus,  are  but  too  apt  to 
fall  into  mawkishness,  this  antidote  on  such  occasions  is  certainly 
deserving  of  commendation." — AUGUSTUS  WILLIAM  VON  SCHLEGEL  : 
Lects.  on  Dramat.  Art  and  Lit.;  Blacks  Trans.,  Lon.,  1846, 347,  461- 
462,  463,  465,  466. 

Dr.  Johnson  is  thought  to  have  very  happily  hit  off  the 
character  of  his  dramatic  namesake  in  the  following  gra 
phic  lines  in  his  celebrated  prologue  : 

"  Then  Jonson  came,  instructed  from  the  school, 
To  please  by  method,  and  invent  by  rule. 
His  studious  patience  and  laborious  art 
With  regular  approach  assay'd  the  heart : 
Cold  approbation  gave  the  ling'ring  bays, 
For  they  who  durst  not  censure  scarce  could  praise. 
A  mortal  born,  he  met  the  general  doom, 
But  left,  like  Egypt's  kings,  a  lasting  tomb." 
Mr.  Campbell  will  be  found  to  dissent  widely  from  tne 
authorities  just  quoted,  and   from  several  others  whose 
opinions  we  shall  have  occasion  to  cite : 

"  The  art  of  Jonson  was  not  confined  to  the  cold  observations  of 
the  unities  of  place  and  time,  but  appears  in  the  whole  adaptation 
of  his  incidents  and  characters  to  the  support  of  each  other.  Be. 
neath  his  learning  and  art  he  moves  with  an  activity  which  may 
be  compared  to  the  strength  of  a  man  who  can  leap  and  bound 
under  the  heaviest  armour." — Specimens  of  English  Poetry. 

"There  are  people  who  cannot  take  olives:  and  I  cannot  much 
relish  Ben  Jonson,  though  I  have  taken  some  pains  to  do  it,  and 
went  to  the  task  with  every  sort  of  good  will.  I  do  not  deny  his 
power  or  his  merit;  far  from  it:  but  it  is  to  me  a  repulsive  and 
unamiable  kind.  He  was  a  great  man  in  himself,  but  one  cannot 
readily  sympathize  with  him.  His  works,  as  the  characteristic  pro 
ductions  of  an  individual  mind,  or  as  records  of  the  manners  of  a 
particular  age,  cannot  be  valued  too  highly ;  but  they  have  little 
charm  for  the  more  general  reader."— Hazlitt's  Lects.  on  the  English 
Comic  Writers;  Lect.  IL 


JON 

"Ben  Jonson's  serious  productions  are,  in  my  opinion,  superior 
to  his  comic  ones.  What  he  does,  is  the  result  of  strong  sense  and 
painful  industry;  but  sense  and  industry  agree  better  with  the 
grave  and  severe  than  with  the  light  and  gay  productions  of  the 
muse."— HazlM's  Lecls.  on  the  Dramat.  Lit.  of  the,  Age  of  Elizabeth  ; 

"If  asked  to  give  our  opinion  of  Ben  Jonson's  powers  in  general, 
we  should  say  that  he  was  a  poet  of  a  high  order,  as  far  as  learning, 
fancy,  and  an  absolute  rage  of  ambition  could  conspire  to  make  him 
one ;  but  that  he  never  touched  at  the  highest,  except  by  violent 
efforts  and  during  the  greatest  felicity  of  his  sense  of  success.  The 
material  so  predominated  in  him  over  the  spiritual, — the  sensual 
over  the  sentimental, — that  he  was  more  social  than  loving,  and  far 
more  wilful  and  fanciful  than  imaginative." — Leigh  Hunt's  Men  and 
Women  and  Books:  Suckling  and  Ben  Jonson. 

"I  do  not  think  that  his  poetical  merits  are  yet  properly  appre 
ciated.  I  cannot  consent  that  the  palm  of  humour  alone  shall  be 
given  to  him,  while  in  wit,  feeling,  pathos,  and  poetical  diction 
he  is  to  be  sunk  fathoms  below  Fletcher  and  Massiuger.  In  the 
last  particular  I  think  that  he  excels  them  both,  and,  indeed,  all 
his  contemporaries,  excepting  Shakspeare." — Henry  Neele's  Lects. 
on  English  Poetry  ;  Lect.  III. 

Mr.  Disraeli  also  comes  to  the  rescue  of  the  abused  poet: 

"Some  modern  critics,  whose  delicacy  of  taste  in  its  natural 
feebleness  could  not  strain  itself  to  the  vigour  of  Jonson,  have 
strangely  failed  to  penetrate  into  the  depths  of  that  mighty  mind; 
and  some  modern  poets  have  delivered  their  sad  evidence  that  for 
them  the  Coryphaeus  of  our  elder  dramatists  has  become  unintelli 
gible."—  Amenitie*  of  Literature:  The  Humours  of  Jonson. 

"With  such  extraordinary  requisites  for  the  stage,  joined  to  a 
strain  of  poetry  always  manly,  frequently  lofty,  and  sometimes 
almost  sublime,  it  may  at  first  appear  strange  that  his  dramas 
are  not  more  in  vogue ;  but  a  little  attention  to  his  peculiar  modes 
and  habits  of  thinking  will,  perhaps,  enable  us  in  some  measure  to 
account  for  it.  The  grace  and  urbanity  which  mark  his  lighter 
pieces  he  laid  aside  whenever  he  approached  the  stage,  and  put  on 
the  censor  with  the  sock.  This  system  (whether  wise  or  unwise) 
naturally  led  to  circumstances  which  affect  his  popularity  as  a 
•writer :  he  was  obliged,  as  one  of  his  critics  justly  observes,  '  to 
hunt  down  his  own  characters,'  and,  to  continue  the  metaphor,  he 
was  frequently  carried  too  far  in  the  chase."— Gifford' s  Memoir  of 
Ben  Jonson. 

The  whole  of  this  criticism  should  be  consulted  by  tbe 
reader. 

"The  fault  in  Jonson's  two  tragedies  is  that  there  is  not  enough 
to  interest  flesh  and  blood  in  them  and  to  stir  up  the  sympa 
thies,  the  hopes  and  fears,  of  humanity.  There  is  a  cold  historic 
sublimity,  which,  however  it  may  command  the  homage  of  the 
intellect,  awakes  no  responsive  echo  in  the  heart.  The  characters 
are  true  to  history, — true,  therefore,  to  human  nature ;  and  they 
move  on  in  the  plot  with  stern  and  terrible  decision.  But  the  harsh 
outline  lacks  those  lighter  pencillings,  those  softer  colourings,  in 
which  poetry  surpasses  history,  and  without  which  the  picture, 
though  bold  and  masterly,  will  not  chain  the  living  gaze  of  the 
spectator  to  the  painter's  canvas.  .  .  .  His  best  comedies  are  so 
generally  known  that  a  lengthy  critique  on  them  would  be  tedious. 
Those  that  are  less  read  are  scarcely  deserving  of  any  notice,  beyond 
the  interest  that  must  attach  itself  to  any  production  from  the  pen 
of  such  a  man.  Every  Man  in  his  Humour,  The  Alchymist,  Vol- 
pone,  or  the  Fox,  and  The  Silent  Woman,  are  the  best  of  the  nume 
rous  comedies  he  has  left  us.  .  .  .  Jonson's  masques  are  beautiful. 
Though  with  occasional  extravagant  fancies  and  strained  conceits, 
they  are  full  of  learning  and  taste.  They  were  many  of  them 
written  for  great  festive  occasions.  .  .  .  Some  beautiful  songs  are 
introduced  into  them.  ...  As  a  translator  he  must  not  be  forgot 
ten.  He  has  left  a  version  of  Horace's  Ars  Poetica,  and  a  few  of  the 
odes.  The  former  is  marvellously  literal,  and  not  so  tame  as  might 
therefore  be  supposed.  lu  the  latter  there  is  little  to  praise;  but 
he  has  excelled  these  regular  translations  in  passages  of  the  masques 
and  elsewhere,  which  he  has  borrowed  from  ancient  authors  and 
literally  rendered.  .  .  .  Jonson  is  no  exception  to  the  rule  that  clear 
and  strong  utterance  is  one  of  the  chief  characteristics  of  genius, 
and  that  great  poets  have  been  good  prose-writers.  The  fragment 
entitled  Timber,  or  Discoveries,  sufficiently  shows,  without  appeal 
ing  to  his  letters,  dedications,  and  prefaces,  that  English  literature 
lost  much  by  the  destruction  of  his  prose  manuscripts.  The  small 
remnant  that  is  left  is  full  of  erudite  criticism,  profound  reflection, 
and  great  severity  of  judgment.  There  are  notes  on  books  and  on 
life,  arranged  in  a  strange  and  arbitrary  manner,  written  in  a  concise 
and  pregnant  style,  and,  though  they  do  not  contain  so  much  sen 
tentious  wisdom,  remind  us  forcibly  of  the  Essays  of  Bacon.  .  .  . 
We  have  spoken  of  Jonson  as  the  author  of  tragedy,  of  comedy,  of 
masque,  as  a  translator  and  prose-writer.  But  it  is  as  a  lyric  poet 
also  that  we  claim  for  him  a  homage  and  admiration  which  has 
hitherto  been  sparingly  given  if  yielded  at  all." — Austin  and  Ralph's 
Lives  of  the  Poets-Laureate,  Lon.,  1853,  90, 91-92, 95,  96, 98-99, 101. 

An  accomplished  female  writer,  whose  graceful  criticisms 
we  have  frequently  had  occasion  to  quote  in  the  course  of 
this  volume,  speaks  with  enthusiasm  of  the  lyrics  just  re 
ferred  to : 

"  We  of  this  age,  a  little  too  careless  perhaps  of  learned  labour, 
would  give  a  whole  wilderness  of  Catilines  and  Poetasters,  and 
even  of  Alchemists  and  Volpones,  for  another  score  of  the  exquisite 
lyrics  which  are  scattered  carelessly  through  the  plays  and  masques 
which — strange  contrast  with  the  rugged  verse  in  which  they  are 
imbedded — seem  to  have  burst  into  being  at  a  stroke,  just  as  the 
evening  primrose  flings  open  her  fair  petals  at  the  close  of  the  day. 
Lovelier  songs  were  never  written  than  these  wild  and  irregular 
ditties."— Mary  Russett  Mitfortfs  Recottec.  of  a  Literary  Life. 

We  shall  hardly  feel  that  we  can  willingly  pass  on  to  the 
next  article  in  our  Dictionary  without  quoting  some  opi 
nions  respecting  our  author  from  some  of  the  great  men 
of  his  own  day  and  the  age  which  followed.  The  best- 


JON 

known  of  such  passages  is  that  which  bears  the  imprimatur 
of  Jonson's  host  of  April,  1619, — Drummond  of  Haw- 
thornden.  None  of  the  abundant  censures  lavished  upon 
his  hero  more  excites  the  indignation  of  Gifford  than  these 
jottings  of  the  unfortunate  Boswell  of  the  age  of  James  I. 
But,  if  Drummond  was  not  the  victim  of  the  furor  biogra- 
phicus,  surely  Gifford  was,  and  therefore  (to  borrow  from 
Dr.  Johnson's  letter  to  James  Macpherson)  regard  is  to 
be  paid  less  to  what  he  says  than  what  he  is  able  to  prove. 
The  easy  and  confident  arrogance  with  which  Gifford  con 
tradicts  the  assertions  of  Jonson's  contemporaries,  of  those 
who  lived  in  the  succeeding  few  years,  and  of  later  authori 
ties,  who  perhaps  had  as  good  information,  and  certainly 
far  better  manners,  than  the  editor  of  the  Quarterly,  is  not 
a  little  amusing.  We  are  not  insensible  to  the  value  of 
his  critical  labours,  and  have  no  disposition  to  endorse 
Mr.  Leigh  Hunt's  assertion  that 

"  Sympathy  with  Jonson's  coarseness  and  his  love  of  the  caustic, 
a  poor  verbal  tact,  and  a  worship  of  authority,  were  the  only  quali 
fications  for  a  critical  sense  of  him  possessed  by  the  petulant  and 
presumptuous  Gifford."— Men,  Women,  and  Books:  Suckling  and 
Ben  Jonson. 

But  surely  Gifford  might  have  displayed  all  that  he  had 
to  offer  in  its  best  light,  without  so  ruthlessly  assailing  his 
predecessors.  In  the  words  of  a  late  critic, 

"The  author's  one  plan  for  reinstating  Jonson  in  the  good  opinion 
of  his  countrymen  is  to  fall  foul  of  every  critic,  old  or  recent,  that 
had  ever  said  a  word  against  him."— North  British  Review,  Feb. 
1856. 

We  may  remark,  in  passing,  that  a  notice  of  Barry  Corn 
wall's  edit,  of  Jonson's  Works,  already  referred  to  by  us, 
will  be  found  in  Leigh  Hunt's  Men,  Women,  and  Books. 
Whilst  Jonson  was  Drummond's  guest,  it  was  the  custom 
of  the  latter  to  register  the  sayings  of  the  distinguished 
sojourner,  and  at  the  conclusion  of  these  piquant  entries 
he  takes  the  opportunity  to  record  his  own  opinion  of  the 
characteristics  of  his  visitor,  who,  he  tells  us,  was 

"  A  great  lover  and  praiser  of  himself;  a  contemner  and  scorner 
of  others ;  given  rather  to  lose  a  friend  than  a  jest ;  jealous  of 
every  word  and  action  of  those  about  him,  especially  after  drink, 
which  is  one  of  the  elements  in  which  he  lived ;  a  dissembler  of  ill 
parts  which  reign  in  him;  a  bragger  of  some  good  that  he  wanted; 
thinketh  nothing  well  done  but  what  either  he  himself  or  some  of 
his  friends  hath  said  or  done.  He  ia  passionately  kind  and  angry, 
careless  either  to  gain  or  keep;  vindictive,  but,  if  he  be  well 
answered  at  himself,  interprets  best  sayings  and  deeds  often  to  the 
worst.  He  was  for  any  religion,  as  being  versed  in  both ;  oppressed 
with  fancy,  which  hath  ever  mastered  his  reason, — a  general  dis 
ease  in  many  poets :  his  inventions  are  smooth  and  easy,  but  above 
all  he  excelleth  in  a  translation."— Drummond's  Works,  1711,  fol., 
224-226. 

It  is  only  proper  to  remark  that  Drummond's  notes  are 
not  correctly  printed  in  this  folio  ed.  of  1711.  A  correct 
text,  with  illustrative  notes,  was  for  the  first  time  printed,  in 
1842,  by  the  Shakspeare  Society,  under  the  editorial  super 
vision  of  Mr.  David  Laing,  by  whom  the  MS.  was  disco 
vered.  We  have  already  noticed  (see  DRUMMOND,  WM.) 
Mr.  Peter  Cunningham's  ed.  of  Drummond's  Works,  1833, 
12mo.  A  new  ed.  by  the  same  editor  was  pub.  in  1852, 
Edin.,  8vo. 

The  first  charge  which  Drummond  prefers  in  the  above 
indictment  is  unfortunately  too  fully  endorsed  by  contem 
porary  evidence  to  admit  of  any  debate.  To  say  nothing 
of  Owen  Feltham's  admirable  parody  upon  Jonson's 
"  Come,  leave  the  loathed  stage," — a  burst  of  indignation 
at  the  failure  of  his  play  of  The  New  Inn, — we  have  a 
letter  from  Howellupon  this  theme,  a  few  lines  of  which  we 
shall  quote: 

"  SIB  : — I  was  invited  yesternight  to  a  solemn  supper  by  B.  J.,  [Ben 
Jonson,]  where  you  were  deeply  remembered :  there  was  good  com 
pany,  excellent  cheer,  choice  wines,  and  jovial  welcome :  one  thing 
intervened,  which  almost  spoiled  the  relish  of  the  rest, — that  B.  began, 
to  engross  all  the  discourse,  to  vapour  extremely  by  himself,  and, 
by  vilifying  others,  to  magnify  his  own  muse.  T.  Ca.  [Tom  Carewj 
buzzed  me  in  the  ear,  that  though  Ben  had  barrelled  up  a  great 
deal  of  knowledge,  yet  it  seems  he  had  not  read  the  ethics,  which, 
among  other  precepts  of  morality,  forbid  self-commendation,  de 
claring  it  to  be  an  ill-favoured  solecism  in  good  manners.  .  .  .  But, 
for  my  part,  I  am  content  to  dispense  with  the  Roman  infirmity  of 
Ben,  now  that  time  hath  snowed  upon  his  pericranium.  You  know 
Ovid  and  (your)  Horace  were  subject  to  this  humour,— the  fin* 
bursting  out  into — 

" '  Jamaqne  opus  exegi,  quod  nee  Jovis  ira  nee  ignis,'  Ac. 

"  The  other  into — 

" '  Exegi  monumentum  sere  perennius,'  Ac. 

"As  also  Cicero,  while  he  forced  himself  into  this  hexameter: 

" '  O  fortnnatum  natam  me  consule  Romam.' 

"There  is  another  reason  that  excuseth  B.,— which  is,  that  if  one 
be  allowed  to  love  the  natural  issue  of  his  body,  why  not  that  of  his 
brain,  which  is  of  a  spiritual  and  more  noble  extraction  1"—To  Sir 
Thomas  Hawk,  Kt.,  Westminster,  bth  April,  1636. 

See  our  Life  of  JAMES  HOWELL,  No.  3,  in  this  Diction 
ary.  It  was  well  that  Howell  bore  this  infliction  so  well, 
for  Gerard  Langbaine  tells  us  that  "Ben  Jonson's  greatest 
weakness  was  that  he  could  not  bear  censure,"  and  again, 

997 


JON 


JOP 


u  He  was  a  Man  of  a  very  free  Temper,  and  withal  blunt,  and  [ 
somewhat  haughty  to  those  who  were  either  Rivals  in  Fame,  or 
Enemies  to  his  Writings,  (witness  his  Poetaster,  wherein  he  falls 
upon  Decker,  and  his  answer  to  Dr.  Gill,  who  writ  against  his  Mag 
netic  Lady,)  otherwise  of  a  good  Sociable  Humour,  when  amongst 
his  Sons  and  Friends  in  the  Apollo :  from  whose  Laws  the  reader 
may  possibly  better  judge  of  his  Temper;  a  copy  of  which  I  have 
transcribed  for  the  Learn'd  Readers  perusal."— Account  of  the  Eng. 
Dramat.  Poets,  Oxf.,  1691. 

They  were  a  merry  set  of  fellows  that  met  at  The  Apollo 
and  at  The  Mermaid, — too  merry  by  half,  or  rather  too 
free  with  the  stimulants  that  provoked  their  merriment. 
When  Frank  Beaumont  was  paying  a  visit  in  the  country, 
be  felt  the  loss  of  these  highly-seasoned  festivities,  and 
thus  pours  out  his  troubles  into  the  bosom  of  his  corre 
spondent,  Rare  Ben: 

"Methinks  the  little  wit  I  had  is  lost 
Since  I  saw  you ;  for  wit  is  like  a  rest 
Held  up  at  Tennis,  which  men  do  the  best 
With  the  best  gamesters.    What  things  have  we  seen 
Done  at  the  Mermaid !  heard  words  that  have  been 
So  nimble,  and  so  full  of  subtile  flame, 
As  if  that  every  one,  from  whom  they  came, 
Had  meant  to  put  his  whole  wit  in  a  jest, 
And  had  resolved  to  live  a  fool  the  rest 
Of  his  dull  life." 

It  had  been  better  for  the  whole  company  had  they  loved 
their  own  firesides  more  and  the  Mermaids  and  Apollos 
less.  Of  this  gay  circle  Master  Shakspeare  was  a  promi 
nent  member,  and  good  old  Thomas  Fuller  tells  us 

"  Many  were  the  wit-combats  ["  wet-combats,"  the  last  edition  of 
Fuller,  from  which  we  quote,  prints  it]  betwixt  him  and  Ben  Jon- 
son;  which  two  I  behold  like  a  Spanish  great  galleon  and  an  English 
man-of-war  :  Master  Jonson  (like  the  former)  was  built  far  higher 
in  learning ;  solid,  but  slow  in  his  performances.  Shakspeare,  with 
the  English  man-of-war,  lesser  in  bulk  but  lighter  in  sailing,  could 
turn  with  all  tides,  tack  about,  and  take  advantage  of  all  winds,  by 
the  quickness  of  his  wit  and  invention." — Worthies  of  England, 
Lon.,  1840,  iii.  284-285. 

As  Fuller  was  only  eight  years  of  age  when  Shakspeare 
died,  he  of  course  does  not  intend  us  to  understand  the 
word  "  behold"  in  its  literal  sense.  Jonson  was  not  always 
disposed  to  engage  in  these  wit-combats,  for,  as  Fuller 
himself  tells  us  in  another  place, 

"  He  would  sit  silent  in  a  learned  company,  and  suck  in  (besides 
wine)  their  several  humours  into  his  observation.  What  was  ore 
in  others,  he  was  able  to  refine  to  himself. 

"  He  was  paramount  in  the  dramatic  part  of  poetry,  and  taught 
the  stage  an  exact  conformity  to  the  laws  of  comedians.  His  co 
medies  were  above  the  volge,  (which  are  only  tickled  with  downright 
obscenity,)  and  took  not  so  well  at  the  first  stroke  as  at  the  rebound, 
when  beheld  the  second  time :  yea,  they  will  endure  reading  and 
that  due  commendation  so  long  as  either  ingenuity  or  learning  are 
fashionable  in  our  nation.  If  his  later  be  not  so  spriteful  and  vigor 
ous  as  his  first  pieces,  all  that  are  old  will,  and  all  that  desire  to 
be  old  should,  excuse  him  therein." — Ibid.,  ii.  425. 

"  The  most  learned,  judicious,  and  correct,  generally  so  accounted, 
of  our  English  Comedians,  and  the  more  admired  for  being  so,  for 
that  neither  the  height  of  natural  parts,  for  he  was  no  Shak 
speare,  nor  the  cost  of  extraordinary  education,  for  he  is  reported 
but  a  bricklayer's  son,  but  his  own  proper  industry  and  addiction 
to  books  advanced  him  to  this  perfection." — PhiUips's  Theat.  Poet. 
Anglic.  ;  Brydges's  ed.,  1800,  241-250,  q.  v. 

The  comparison  between  Shakspeare  and  Jonson — whom 
before  Gifford's  Memoir  it  was  the  fashion  to  represent  as 
the  enemy  and  vilifier  of  his  illustrious  brother — is  a  fa 
vourite  topic  with  many  critics.  It  is  not  omitted  in  Dry- 
den's  admirable  summary  of  the  literary  characteristics 
of  Ben  Jonson  : 

"  As  for  Jonson,  to  whose  character  I  am  now  arrived,  if  we  look 
upon  him  while  he  was  himself,  (for  his  last  plays  were  but  his 
dotages,)  I  think  him  the  most  learned  and  judicious  writer  which 
any  theatre  ever  had.  He  was  a  most  severe  judge  of  himself  as 
well  as  others.  One  cannot  say  he  wanted  wit,  but  rather  that  he 
was  frugal  of  it.  In  his  works  you  find  little  to  retrench  or  alter. 
Wit  and  language,  and  humour  also  in  some  measure,  we  had  before 
him,  but  something  of  art  was  wanting  to  the  drama  before  he 
came.  He  managed  his  strength  to  more  advantage  than  any 
which  preceded  him.  You  seldom  find  him  making  love  in  any 
of  his  scenes,  or  endeavouring  to  move  the  passions :  his  genius 
was  too  sullen  and  saturnine  to  do  it  gracefully,  especially  when 
he  knew  he  came  after  those  who  had  performed  both  to  such  a 
height.  Humour  was  his  proper  sphere,  and  in  that  he  delighted 
most  to  present  mechanical  people.  He  was  deeply  conversant  in 
the  ancients,  both  Greek  and  Latin,  and  he  borrowed  boldly  from 
them .  There  is  scarce  a  poet  or  historian  among  the  Roman  authors 
of  those  times  whom  he  has  not  translated  in  '  Sejanus'  or  '  Catiline.' 
But  he  has  done  his  robberies  so  openly  that  one  may  see  he  fears 
not  to  be  taxed  by  any  law.  He  invades  authors  like  a  monarch, 
and  what  would  be  theft  in  other  poets  is  only  victory  hi  him. 
With  the  spoils  of  these  writers,  he  so  represents  Old  Rome  to  us, 
in  its  rites,  ceremonies,  and  customs,  that  if  one  of  their  poets  had 
written  either  of  his  tragedies,  we  had  seen  less  of  it  than  in  him. 
If  there  was  any  fault  in  his  language,  it  was  that  he  weaved  it  too 
closely  and  laboriously,  in  his  comedies  especially ;  perhaps,  too,  he 
did  a  little  too  much  Romanize  our  language,  leaving  the  words  he 
translated  almost  as  much  Latin  as  he  found  them,  wherein,  though 
he  learnedly  followed  their  language,  he  did  not  enough  comply 
with  the  idioms  of  ours.  If  I  would  compare  him  with  Shak- 
apeare,  I  must  acknowledge  him  the  most  correct  poet,  but  Shak- 
ipeare  the  greater  wit.  Shakspeare  was  the  Homer  or  father  of 


dramatic  poets,  Jonson  was  the  Virgil,  the  pattern  of  elaborate 
writing.    I  admire  him,  but  I  love  Shakspeare." 

Sir  Walter  Scott  thus  contrasts  Jonson  and  Shakspeare: 

"  The  one  is  like  an  ancient  statue,  the  beanty  of  which,  spring 
ing  from  the  exactness  of  the  proportion,  does  not  always  strike  at 
first  sight,  but  rises  upon  us  as  we  bestow  time  in  considering  it ; 
the  other  is  the  representation  of  a  monster,  which  is  at  first  only 
surprising,  and  ludicrous  and  disgusting  ever  after." — Life  of 
Dryden. 

The  following  lines  from  an  old  play,  entitled  Retvrne 
from  Pernassvs,  pub.  in  1606,  (ten  years  before  Shakspeare's 
death,)  are  too  pertinent  to  our  subject  to  be  omitted: 
"  Who  loues  Adonis  loue,  or  Lucre's  rape, 
His  sweeter  verse  contaynes  hart  robbing  life, 
Could  but  a  grauer  subiect  him  content, 
Without  loue's  foolish  lazy  languishment." — Act  I.  Scene  II. 

"  Few  of  the  vniuersity  pen  plaies  well :  they  smell  too  much  of 
that  writer  Quid,  and  that  writer  Metamorphosis,  and  talke  too 
much  of  Proserpina  <£•  luppiter.  Why  heres  our  fellow  Shakespeare 
puts  them  all  downe,  I  and  Ben  lonson  too.  0  that  Ben  lonson  is 
a  pestilent  fellow,  he  brought  vp  Horace  giuing  the  Poets  a  pill,  but 
our  fellow  Shakespeare  hath  giuen  him  a  purge  that  made  him 
beray  his  credit."— Act  IV.  Scene  III. 

We  would  fain  quote  from  Hazlitt's  lively  comparison 
between  these  two  great  poets,  but  this  our  space  forbids. 
The  reader  must  himself  turn  to  Lecture  II.  of  the  series 
on  the  English  Comic  Writers.  See  also^in  addition  to 
the  authorities  cited  above,  Athen.  Oxon. ;  Kurd's  Horace's 
Art  of  Poetry ;  Hume's  Hist,  of  England ;  Gibber's  Lives 
of  the  Poets ;  Lamb's  Characteristics  of  Dramat.  Writers 
contemp.  with  Shakspeare;  Drake's  Shakspeare  and  his 
Times ;  Biog.  Brit,  ;  Biog.  Dramat. ;  Chalmers's  Biog. 
Diet. ;  Drake's  Essays ;  Disraeli's  Curiosities  of  Literature, 
and  his  Quarrels  of  Authors;  Whalley's  Life  of  Johnson 
prefixed  to  his  ed.  of  his  Works ;  Dibdin's  Lib.  Comp. ; 
Spence's  Anecdotes;  Hallam's  Lit.  Hist,  of  Europe; 
Whipple's  Essays  and  Reviews;  Lon.  Retrosp.  Rev.,  3820, 
i.  181 ;  Fraser's  Mag.,  xxv.  377 ;  Index  to  Blackwood's 
Mag.,  vols.  i.-l. ;  Lon.  Gent,  Mag.,  1823,  Pt.  2,  223,  (an  in 
teresting  account  of  opening  Ben  Jonson's  grave  and  exa 
mining  his  skeleton  in  August,  1823 ;)  N.  British  Review, 
Feb.  1856.  The  commendations  of  the  Great  Earl  of  Cla 
rendon  and  Lord  Falkland  (both  personal  friends  of 
Jonson)  are  too  weighty,  and  the  poetical  portrait  of 
Churchill  too  admirably  drawn,  to  be  omitted  in  a  bio 
graphical  article  of  Rare  Ben  Jonson. 

"  His  name,"  says  Lord  Clarendon, "  can  never  be  forgotten,  having 
by  his  very  good  learning,  and  the  severity  of  his  nature  and  man 
ners,  very  much  reformed  the  stage ;  and  indeed  the  English  poetry 
itself.  His  natural  advantages  were,  judgment  to  order  and  govern 
fancy,  rather  than  excess  of  fancy ;  his  productions  being  slow  and 
upon  deliberation,  yet  then  abounding  with  great  wit  and  tancy,  and 
will  live  accordingly ;  and  surely  as  he  did  exceedingly  exalt  the  Eng 
lish  language  in  eloquence,  propriety,  and  masculine  expressions,  so 
he  was  the  best  judge  of,  and  fitted  to  prescribe  rules  to,  poetry  and 
poets,  of  any  man  who  had  lived  with,  or  before  him,  or  since :  if 
Mr.  Cowley  had  not  made  a  flight  beyond  all  men,  with  that  modesty 

Jet  as  to  ascribe  much  of  this  to  the  example  of  learning  of  Ben 
onson.    His  conversation  was  very  good,  and  with  the  men  of 
most  note." 

The  assertion  last  quoted  is  supported  by  the  testimony 
of  the  other  nobleman  whom  we  have  mentioned  as  one 
of  the  poet's  admiring  friends  : 

"  To  him  how  daily  flock'd,  what  reverence  gave, 
All  that  had  wit,  or  would  be  thought  to  have ; 
How  the  wise  too  did  with  mere  wits  agree, 
As  Pembroke,  Portland,  and  grave  D' Aubigny ; 
Nor  thought  the  rigid'st  senator  a  shame 
To  add  his  praise  to  so  deserv'd  a  fame!" 

Lord  Falkland's  Ed. 

Churchill's  lifelike  portrait  must  conclude  an  article 
which  has  grown  on  our  hands  considerably  beyond  our 
intended  limits : 

"  Next  Jonson  sat,  in  ancient  learning  train'd : 
His  rigid  judgment  Fancy's  flight  restrain'd, 
Correctly  prun'd  each  wild  luxuriant  thought, 
Mark'd  out  her  course,  nor  spar'd  a  glorious  fault. 
The  book  of  man  he  read  with  nicest  art, 
And  ransack'd  all  the  secrets  of  the  heart ; 
Excited  Penetration's  utmost  force, 
And  trac'd  each  passion  to  its  proper  source ; 
Then,  strongly  mark'd,  in  liveliest  colours  drew, 
And  brought  each  foible  forth  to  public  view. 
The  coxcomb  felt  a  lash  in  every  word, 
And  fools,  hung  out,  their  brother  fools  deterr'd; 
His  comic  humour  kept  the  world  in  awe, 
And  laughter  frighten'd  folly  more  than  law." 

The  Rosciad. 

Jonson.     See  JOHNSON. 

Jonston,  John.  Under  this  name  Watt  has  erro 
neously  repeated  the  entry  of  Auditor  Benson's  edit,  of 
Arthur  Johnston's  Psalmi  Davidici,  «fcc.  See  JOHNSTON, 
ARTHUR. 

Jonston.    See  JOHNSTON. 
Jonstonus,   anglice   JOHNSTON. 
Joplin,  Thomas.     1.  Analysis  of  the  Currency  Ques 
tion,  Lon.,  8vo.    2.  Evidence  on  the  Bank  Charter,  &o., 


JOP 


JOS 


8vo.  3.  Banking  in  England  and  Scotland,  Svo.  4.  Il 
lustrations  of  Views  on  Currency,  Svo.  5.  Views  on  Corn 
and  Currency,  Svo.  6.  Outlines  of  a  System  of  Political 
Economy,  1S23,  Svo.  See  Lon.  Quar.  Rev.,  xxxi.  126-145. 
7.  On  Currency  Reform,  1844,  Svo. 

Jopling,  Joseph.  1.  Architect.  Designs  for  Agri 
cultural  Buildings,  Lon.,  4to.  2.  Practice  of  Isometrical 
Perspective  ;  2d  ed.,  1842,  Svo. 

"Preferable  to  the  common  perspective  on  many  accounts." — 
PROF.  FARISH. 

"  Peculiarly  deserving  the  attention  of  Mechanics  and  Engineers." 
— DR.  0.  GREGORY. 

3.  New  ed.  of  Dr.  Brook  Taylor's  Principles  of  Linear 
Perspective,  with  addits.,  Svo. 

Jopp,  Thomas.     Reform  of  Parliament,  1816,  Svo. 

Jordan,  G.  W.     Tracts  on  the  W.  Indies,  1804, 16mo. 

Jordan,  Henry.  Practical  Observations  on  the  Pre 
servation  of  the  Teeth,  Lon.,  1851, 12mo ;  2d  ed.,  1854, 12mo. 

"  Contains  all  that  is  essential  to  be  known  upon  the  general 
management  of  the  teeth." — Brit,  and  For.  Med.-Chir.  Rev. 

Jordan,  Rev.  John.  Theolog.  works,  Lon.,  1837-47. 

Jordan,  John,  Jr.     See  OGDEN,  JOHN  COSENS. 

Jordan,  Thomas,  an  actor,  and  afterwards  Poet- 
Laureate  for  the  City  of  London,  supposed  to  have  died 
about  1685,  was  author  of  four  plays  and  a  number  of 
poems,  masques,  <fec.,  for  an  account  of  which  see  Lang- 
baine's  Dramat.  Poets;  Biog.  Dramat;  CensuraLiteraria; 
Restituta;  Lowndes's  Bibl.  Man. ;  Dibdin's  Lib.  Comp. 

Jorden,  Edward,  1569-1632,  a  London  physician,  a 
native  of  Kent,  pub.  four  medical  treatises,  1603-31. 

Jortin,  John,  D.D.,  1698-1770,  a  native  of  St.  Giles's, 
Middlesex,  admitted  of  Jesus  College,  Cambridge,  (of 
•which  he  became  Fellow,)  1715;  Rector  of  St  Dunstan- 
in-the-East,  London,  1751;  Vicar  of  Kensington,  and 
Preb.  of  St.  Paul's,  1762 ;  Archdeacon  of  London,  1764. 
He  was  a  man  of  great  learning,  fine  taste,  and  much  vi 
vacity  of  imagination,  an  accomplished  critic,  and  a  warm 
friend  to  the  diffusion  of  sound  knowledge.  His  principal 
works  are  the  following.  1.  Lusus  Poetici,  Lon.,  1722  ; 
1748,  4to.  These  are  a  few  Latin  poems.  There  is  said 
to  be  a  3d  ed.  2.  Four  Serms.  on  the  Truth  of  the  Chris 
tian  Religion,  1730,  Svo.  3.  Miscellaneous  Remarks  on 
Authors  Ancient  and  Modern,  1731-32,  2  vols.  Svo.  Dr. 
J.  wrote  the  most  of  these  remarks ;  but  they  also  contain 
contributions  by  Masson,  Taylor,  Wasse,  Theobald,  Robin 
son,  Upton,  Thirlby,  and  others.  The  work  was  trans, 
into  Latin,  and  pub.  at  Amsterdam.  4.  Discourses  on  the 
Truth  of  the  Christian  Religion,  1746,  '52,  Svo.  New  ed. 
See  No.  5. 

"  They  abound  with  sound  sense  and  solid  argument." — DR.  Vi- 
CESIMUS  KNOX. 

5.  Remarks  on  Ecclesiastical  History,  1751-73,  5  vols. 
Svo.  New  ed.,  together  with  a  new  ed.  of  No.  4,  and  a 
Life  of  the  Author,  by  Dr.  Heathcote,  1805,  3  vols.  Svo. 
New  ed.  of  Remarks  on  Ecclesiastical  History,  edited  by 
the  Rev.  W.  Trollope,  1846,  2  vols.  Svo.  It  has  been  re 
marked  that  this  work  might  properly  be  entitled  Curiosi 
ties  of  Ecclesiastical  History.  The  Remarks 
"  do  not  embrace  a  regular  series  of  facts,  but  point  out  the  pro 
minent  parts  and  circumstances  of  the  general  subject,  with  inte 
resting  remarks." — Dr.  E.  Wittiams's  C.  P.,  ed.  1843,  325,  q.  v. 

"  Once,  and  rarely  more  than  once,  he  rose  to  eloquence ;  and 
that  was  in  the  preface  to  his  Remarks,  &c.,  which  the  late  Dr. 
Gosset  told  me  he  regularly  read  through,  every  year,  with  undi- 
minished  delight.  .  .  .  The  Remarks  are  excellent,— pithy,  learned, 
candid,  and  acute ;  presenting  us  with  the  marrow  of  his  •predeces 
sors." — Dibdin's  Lib.  Comp. 

"  Dr.  Jortin  has,  in  a  little  compass,  taken  notice  of  so  many  facts, 
and  animadverted  on  them  with  so  much  judgment,  that  this  work 
will  ever  be  held  in  deserved  repute." — BISHOP  WATSON. 

"  Critical,  but  wanting  in  more  important  things." — Bickerstith's 

as. 


"  He  is  judicious,  temperate,  candid,  and  benevolent." — HALES. 
"  The  character  of  his  work  is  too  well  established  to  requii 
recommendation." — BOGUE. 


require 


•  His  remarks  are  highly  interesting  and  impartial.  .  .  .  They 
are  full  of  manly  sense,  ingenious  strictures,  and  profound  erudition. 
It  is  a  work  highly  beneficial  to  mankind,  as  it  represents  in  its 
proper  light  that  superstition  which  disgraced  human  nature,  and 
gives  a  right  sense  of  the  advantages  derived  from  religious  refor 
mation."— DR.  V.  KNOX. 

"  The  Remarks  of  Jortin  are  a  vulgar  caricature,  distinguished 
not  more  for  their  heartlessness  and  the  absence  of  every  noble 
feeling,  than  for  the  author's  shameful  ignorance  of  the  subject 
which  he  presumed  to  handle."— DR.  DOWLINO. 

In  Rose's  Lecture  on  the  Study  of  Church  History  will 
be  found  some  severe  strictures  on  Jortin's  Remarks. 

6.  Six  Dissertations  upon  different  subjects,  1755,  Svo; 
1809,  Svo. 

"  Dr.  Jortin,  in  one  of  his  Six  Dissertations,  (half  a  dozen  too 
many,)  thus  paints  the  portrait  of  Achilles,"  Ac— PROFESSOR  JOHN 
WILSON  :  Essays  Critical  and  Imaginative,  Edin.  and  Lon.,  1857,  iv. 
166,  q.  v. 


"Equally  remarkable  for  taste,  learning,  originality,  and  inge 
nuity."— DR.  V.  Kxox. 

Bishop  Warburton  thought  otherwise,  as  the  Sixth  Dis 
sertation  proved  so  conclusively  the  great  antiquity  of  the 
doctrine  of  a  future  state  as  to  overthrow  the  prelate's 
leading  and  most  absurd  position  in  The  Divine  Legation 
of  Moses.  Hurd,  therefore,  ever  ready  for  such  service, 
took  up  the  cudgels  for  his  friend,  and  Warburton,  in  his 
letters  to  Hurd,  attacks  Jortin  with  his  usual  arrogance, 
petulance,  and  indecency.  See  Disraeli's  Quarrels  of 
Authors,  in  Miscell.  of  Lit.,  ed.  Lon.,  1840,  166;  Lord 
Jeffrey's  Contrib.  to  Edin.  Rev.,  1853,  889-890;  Black- 
wood's  Mag.,  xxix.  901;  and  authorities  cited  below. 

7.  The  Life  of  Erasmus,  with  Remarks  on  his  Works, 
1758-60,  2  vols.  4to ;  1806,  3  vols.  8vo.     Vol.  iii.  is  com 
posed  entirely  of  Original  Documents,  and  extracts  from 
the  writings  of  Erasmus  and  other  writers.    An  abridgment 
of  Jortin's  Life  of  Erasmus  was  pub.  by  A.  Laycey,  Lon., 
1805,  Svo. 

"  Having  been  long  an  object  of  universal  admiration,  it  is  a 
matter  of  surprise  that  his  life  has  never  been  written  with  accu 
racy  and  judgment.  This  task  was  reserved  for  Dr.  Jortin;  and 
the  avidity  with  which  it  is  read  by  the  learned  is  a  proof  of  the 
merit  of  the  execution." — DR.  V.  KNOX. 

"  The  ease,  simplicity,  and  vigour  of  this  engaging  writer,  (I 
speak  of  the  biographer,)  who  negligently  scatters  learning  and 
vivacity  on  every  subject  which  he  treats,  are  here  exercised  on  a 
most  congenial  topic."— Green's  Diary  of  a  Lover  of  Lit.,  Ipswich, 
1810,  (4to,)  p.  13. 

"  In  his  Life  of  Erasmus,  Jortin  shewed  himself  to  be  little  more 
than  a  translator  of  Le  Clerc.  A  subject  of  the  greatest  is  made 
by  him  one  of  comparatively  small  interest.  The  work  is  little 
better  than  a  dry  journal  of  facts,  stitched  together.  ...  It  is  use 
fully  and  carefully  compiled,  but  wholly  unanimated  by  a  stroke 
of  genius.  The  life  of  one  of  the  greatest  wits  of  his  age  has  pro 
duced  only  sombre  biographies.  .  .  .  These  volumes  .  .  .  ore  doubt 
less  unworthy  of  their  author." — Dibdin's  Lib.  Cbmp. 

"  Dr.  Johnson  thought  Jortin's  Life  of  Erasmus  a  dull  book."— 
Johnsoniana. 

"Every  scholar  well  read  in  the  writings  of  Erasmus  and  hia 
contemporaries  must  have  discovered  that  Jortin  has  neither  col 
lected  sufficient  nor  the  best  materials  for  his  work ;  and  perhaps 
for  that  very  cause  he  grew  weary  of  his  task  before  he  had  made 
a  full  use  of  the  scanty  materials  which  he  had  collected." — S.  T. 
COLERIDGE. 

See  The  Friend,  vol.  i.  226 ;  Horace  Walpole's  Letters 
to  Lord  Hertford,  250-252 ;  authorities  cited  below. 

8.  Serms.  on  Different  Subjects,  edited  by  the  author's 
son,  Rogers  Jortin,  of  Lincoln's  Inn,  1771,  4  vols.  8vo; 
reprinted,  with  the  addition  of  three  vols.,  1772,  7  vols.  Svo; 
1774,  7  vols.  Svo;  1787,  7  vols.  Svo.     New  eds.,  1S09,  4 
vols.  Svo;  1836,  4  vols.  Svo.     Abridged  by  the  Rev.  G. 
Whitaker,  1825,  3  vols.  8vo ;  1826,  3  vols.  Svo ;  1828,  3 
vols.  Svo. 

"  In  these  Sermons  good  sense  and  sound  morality  appear,— ^Cov' 
indeed,  dressed  out  in  the  meretricious  ornaments  of  a  florid  style, 
but  in  all  the  manly  force  and  simple  graces  of  natural  eloquence. 
They  will  always  be  read  with  pleasure  and  edification." — Dr.  V. 
Knox's  .Essays. 

"  He  was  a  ready,  off-hand,  and  dexterous  scholar ;  yet  his  style, 
even  in  his  sermons,  wants  what  the  French  call '  onction.' " — Dib~ 
din's  Lib.  Omp. 

"Jortin's  Sermons  are  very  elegant."— DR.  JOHNSON :  BoswdPs 
Life,  <&. 

"  Classical  but  cold." — Lon.  Quar.  Rev. 

9.  Tracts,    Philological,    Critical,   and   Miscellaneous, 
1790,  2  vols.  Svo.     Pub.  by  the  author's  son. 

"  The  various  treatises  in  these  volumes  are  highly  commended 
by  Bishop  Newton,  T.  Warton,  and  Dr.  Knox." 

It  is  to  be  regretted  that,  in  these  days  of  republication 
of  standard  authors,  a  collective  ed.  of  the  works  of  Dr. 
Jortin  should  still  be  a  desideratum.  Mr.  Strong,  of  Exe 
ter,  some  years  since,  offered  a  set  of  all  of  this  divine's 
works,  together  with  Disney's  Life  of  Jortin, — in  all  22  vols. 
8vo, — for  £8  8s.  For  further  information  respecting  this 
excellent  writer,  see  Dr.  John  Disney's  Life  of  Jortin,  1792, 
Svo;  Nichols's  Lit.  Anec.;  Chalmers's  Biog.  Diet :  Black- 
wood's  Mag.,  xxix.  901-902;  xxx.  851;  xxxiii.  873. 

"  The  works  of  Bishop  Warburton  and  Dr.  Jortin  will  speak  for 
them  better  than  any  private  commendation:  they  were  two  very 
extraordinary  men ;  they  were  both  men  of  great  parts  and  abili 
ties,  both  men  of  uncommon  learning  and  erudition,  both  able 
critics,  both  copious  writers.  .  .  .  Every  thing  that  proceeds  from 
Jortin  is  of  value,  whether  in  poetry,  criticism,  or  divinity."— 
BISHOP  NEWTON. 

"  A  poet,  a  divine,  a  philosopher,  and  a  man,  Dr.  Jortin  served 
the  cause  of  religion,  learning,  and  morality."— DR.  V.  KNOX. 

"  Dr.  Jortin  was  an  accomplished  classical  scholar:  his  style  often 
bears  a  resemblance  to  that  of  Xenophon,  in  ease,  Ac."— WILLIAMS. 

"  As  to  Jortin,  whether  I  look  back  to  his  verse,  to  his  prose,  to 
his  critical  or  to  his  theological  works,  there  are  few  authors  to 
whom  I  am  so  much  indebted  for  rational  entertainment  or  for  solid 
instruction."— DR.  PARR:  Parr's  Tracts  by  a  Warburtonian,  q.  tj. 

Joscelin  de  Brakelonde,  almoner  of  the  Abbey 
of  St.  Edmund's,  1211,  wrote  a  history  of  the  affairs  of  his 
abbey,  1173-1201,  and  a  book  on  the  pretended  miracles 
of  St  Robert  An  edit  of  Joscelin's  Chronicle,  from  the 


JOS 


JUD 


Latin  original,  was  pub.  by  the  Camden  Society,  edited  by 
J.  Gage  Rokewode,  1840,  4to,  and  a  trans,  of  this  ed.,  with 
Notes,  Introduction,  Ac.,  by  T.  E.  Tomlins,  1843,  8vo. 
See  these  works  and  Wright's  Biog.  Brit.  Lit.,  Anglo-Nor 
man  Period,  1846. 

"  The  author  [Joscelin]  appears  to  have  been  well  acquainted  with 
the  common  Latin  authors,  But  his  latinity  is  singularly  unclassical 
and  inelegant." — WRIGHT,  ubi  supra. 

Joseph  of  Exeter,  or  Josephus  Iscanus,  an 
Anglo -Latin  poet  temp.  Richard  I.,  a  native  of  Devonshire, 
wrote  two  epic  poerns  in  Latin  heroics:  the' first,  in  six 
books,  is  on  the  Trojan  war;  the  other  is  entitled  Antio- 
cheis,  the  War  of  Antioch.  Of  the  last,  the  only  fragment 
which  remains  (22  lines)  will  be  found  in  Warton's  Hist, 
of  English  Poetry,  and  in  Wright's  Biog.  Brit.  Lit.,  Anglo- 
Norman  Period.  Leland  also  attributes  to  Joseph  epi 
grams  and  love-verses,  (Nugae  Amatoriae,)  and  it  is  asserted 
that  he  wrote  in  Latin  verse  De  Institutione  Cyri;  but  no 
such  productions  are  known  to  be  extant.  For  an  account 
of  the  edits,  of  the  poem  De  Bello  Trojano,  see  Wright, 
ubi  supra.  See  also  Leland;  Bale;  Pits;  Prince's  Worthies 
of  Devon;  Warton's  Hist,  of  Eng.  Poet.;  The  Sketch- 
Book,  (art.  on  The  Mutability  of  Literature,)  by  Washing 
ton  Irving. 

"A  miracle  of  this  age  in  classical  composition  was  Joseph  of 
Exeter,  commonly  called  Josephus  Iscanus.  .  .  .  He  appears  to  have 
possessed  no  common  command  of  poetical  phraseology,  and  wanted 
nothing  but  a  knowledge  of  the  Virgilian  chastity.  His  style  is  a 
mixture  of  Ovid,  Statius,  and  Claudian,  who  seem  then  to  have 
been  the  popular  patterns."—  Warton's  Hist,  of  Eng.  Poet.,  ed.  Lon., 
1840,  vol.  i.  cxxvii.,  cxxviii. 

Warton  remarks  that  Italy  had  at  that  time  produced 
no  poet  comparable  to  Josephus  Iscanus.  It  has  been 
stated  that  this  poet  died  about  1224,  but  of  the  true  date 
nothing  is  certainly  known. 

Joseph  of  Oxford.  Henochismus  ;  sive  Tractatus 
de  Modo  Ambulandi  cum  Deo,  Oxf.,  1762,  8vo. 

Joseph,  Nahum,  editor  of  Robertson's  Compendious 
Hebrew  Dictionary,  1814,  8vo,  and  of  his  Hebrew  New 
Testament,  Bath,  1814,  12mo. 
Josephus  Iscanus.     See  JOSEPH  OF  EXETER. 
Joslin,  B.  F.    1.  Causes  and  Homoeopathic  Treatment 
of  Cholera,  N.  York,  1849,  '54, 18mo.     2.  Principles  of  Ho 
moeopathy,  1850,  12mo. 

Joslin,  Mrs.  B.  F.  Clement  of  Rome ;  a  Legend  of 
the  Sixteenth  Century.  With  an  Introduc.  by  Prof.  Tayler 
Lewis,  N.  York,  18ino. 

Josse,  Augustin  E.  1.  French  and  Spanish  Gram 
mars,  Ac.,  1799-1802.  2.  Juvenile  Biography,  1801,  '03, 
2  vols.  12mo. 

Josseline,  John,  pub.  several  Saxon  Collections,  &c., 
1568-1620.  See  Watt's  Bibl.  Brit. 

Josselyn,  John,  paid  a  visit  of  fifteen  months  to  New 
England,  1638-39,  and  another  one  of  eight  years  and  a 
half,  1663-71.  He  pub.  his  impressions  of  the  country  in 
two  works,  viz. :  1.  New  England's  Rarities  Discovered, 
in  Birds,  Beasts,  Fishes,  Serpents,  and  Plants  of  that 
Country,  Ac.,  with  Cuts,  Lon.,  1672,  '74,  '75,  8vo.  2.  An 
Account  of  two  Voyages  to  New  England,  &c.,  1674, 12mo. 
A  Chronological  Table  of  the  most  Remarkable  Passages, 
from  the  First  Discovery  of  the  Continent  of  America  to 
1673,  is  appended  to  the  above. 

"The  relation  is  curious  and  faithful:  when  the  author  makes 
his  own  remarks,  they  are  in  the  oddest  uncouth  expressions  ima 
ginable."— JOHN  LOCKE:  The  Philosopher. 

"Contains  a  variety  of  curious  facts  regarding  medicine  and  sur 
gery:  the  author,  however,  appears  a  little  credulous."—  Watt's 
Bibl.  Brit. 

A  little  credulous  certainly,  for  he  tells  us,  "  Some  frogs, 
when  they  sit  upon  their  breech,  are  a  foot  high;"  "barley 
frequently  degenerates  into  oats."  See  Sullivan's  Maine; 
Hutchinson,  i.  267,  268;  Douglass,  ii.  71;  Allen's  Amer. 
Biog.  Diet.  The  collector  of  American  History  is  not 
obliged  to  give  implicit  credence  to  all  the  marvellous 
stories  of  this  eccentric  raconteur,  but  he  must  by  no  means 
neglect  to  secure  his  rare  volumes  when  they  are  within 
his  reach. 

Josselyn,  Robert.  The  Faded  Flower,  and  other 
Songs,  Bost.,  1849,  12mo. 

Jossy.     Descrip.  of  Switzerland,  1814,  2  vols. 
Jourdan,  Sil.     A  Discovery  of  the  Barmvdas;  other 
wise  called  the  Isle  of  Divels,  Lon.,  1610,  4to.     Reprinted 
in  vol.  v.  of  the  new  edit,  of  Hakluyt's  Voyages.     See 
HAKLTJYT,  RICHARD. 

Jowett,  Rev.  B.  Epistles  to  the  Thessalonians,  Ga- 
latians,  and  Romans,  Lon.,  1855,  2  vols.  8vo. 

Jowett,  Joseph,  pub.  several  collections  of  sacred 
music,  serms.,  Ac.  See  Lowndes's  Brit.  Lib.,  440. 

"  There  is  much  good  writing  in  his  sermons  which  raises  them 
above  the  ordinary  class  of  village  discourses." — Lon.Chris.Rememb. 


Jowett,  Rev.  William,  travelling  agent  of  the 
Church  (of  England)  Missionary  Society.  1.  Christian 
Researches  in  the  Mediterranean,  1815-20,  Lon.,  1822, 
8vo.  2.  Christian  Researches  in  Syria  and  the  Holy  Land, 
1823-24,  8vo,  1825.  Bickersteth's  Christian  Student 
remarks  that  these  vols.  contain  "  much  wisdom  and  piety." 
An  interesting  notice  of  the  last  vol.,  with  extracts,  will 
be  found  in  the  Note-Book  of  a  Literary  Idler,  No.  III. ; 
Blackw.  Mag.,  xviii.  591-595. 

Mr.  Jowett  also  pub.  several  theological  works. 

Joy,  Lord  Chief-Baron.  On  the  Evidence  of  Ac 
complices,  DubL,  1836,  8vo. 

Joy,  Joye,  or  Gee,  George,  otherwise  Clarke,  or 
Clerke,  d.  1550,  a  zealous  advocate  of  the  Reformation, 
and  a  printer  in  England  and  on  the  Continent,  trans, 
some  portions  of  the  Bible  into  English,  and  pub.  a  number 
of  theolog.  treatises.  See  Tanner;  Bale;  Lewis's  Hist, 
of  the  Translations  of  the  Bible ;  Cotton's  do. ;  Dibdin's 
Typ.  Antiq.  of  G.  Brit. ;  Richmond's  Fathers,  i.  532. 

Joy,  H.  H.  1.  Confessions  and  Challenge  of  Jurors, 
&c.,  DubL,  1842,  8vo.  2.  Peremptory  Challenge  of  Jurors, 
Ac.,  1844,  8vo. 

Joyce,  Rev.  James.  1.  Lay  of  Truth,  a  Poem,  8vo. 
2.  Treatise  on  Love  to  God,  1822,  8vo. 

"An  interesting  work  by  a  refined  mind."— Bickersteth's  C.  S. 

Joyce,  Jeremiah,  1764-1816,  a  Unitarian  minister, 
pub.  a  number  of  serms.  and  educational  works,  of  which 
the  Scientific  Dialogues  for  the  Young  is  still  in  use,  and 
six  eds.  were  pub.  between  1846  and  '57. 

"  Mrs.  Marcet's  Conversations  and  Joyce's  Dialogues  should  be 
studied  by  any  one  who  wishes  to  write  in  this  style  with  pro 
priety."— ion.  Athencwm,  1839, 130-131. 

The  last  ed.  of  Joyce's  Familiar  Introduction  to  the 
Arts  and  Sciences  was  pub.  in  1852,  8vo. 

Joyner,  William,  alias  Lyde,  1622-1706,  Fellow 
of  Magdalene  College.  1.  The  Roman  Empress,  a  Comedy, 
Lon.,  1670,  4to.  2.  Observations  on  the  Life  of  Cardinal 
Pole,  1686,  8vo.  3.  Latin  and  English  poems  scattered  in 
several  books,  1640,  Ac.  See  Athen.  Oxon. ;  Biog.  Dramat. 

Joynes,  Clement.     Essay  on  New  Experiments,  8vo. 

Joynes,  W.  T.   Essay  on  Limitations,  Ac.,  Richmond, 

1844,  8vo. 

Jubb,  George.  Linguae  Hebraicae  Studium  Juven- 
tuti  Academicae,  Oxon.,  1781,  4to. 

Judd,  Daniel.  1.  Asparagus;  Trans.  Hortic.  Soc.. 
1816.  2.  Celery;  Ibid.,  1818. 

Judd,  Sylvester,  1813-1853,  a  native  of  Westhamp- 
ton,  Hampshire  county,  Massachusetts,  graduated  at  Yale 
College  in  1836,  entered  the  Divinity  School  at  Harvard 
University  in  1837,  and  was  installed  as  pastor  of  the 
Unitarian  church  in  Augusta,  Maine,  in  1840,  which  sta 
tion  he  retained  until  his  death.  1.  Margaret,  a  Tale  of 
the  Real  and  Ideal,  Blight  and  Bloom;  including  Sketches 
of  a  Place  not  before  described,  called  Mons  Christi,  Bost., 

1845,  12mo;  2d  ed.,  1851,  2  vols.  12mo.      In  1856  were 
pub.,  by  J.  S.  Redfield,  N.  York,  30  Compositions  in  Out 
line,  illustrative  of  as  many  scenes  in  Margaret,  by  Felix 
0.  C.  Darley,  engraved  by  Konrad  Huber. 

"  The  story  of  Margaret  is  the  most  emphatically  American  book 
ever  written." — J.  R.  LOWELL  :  N.  Amer.  Rev.,  Ixix.  209. 

Reviewed  by  W.  B.  0.  Peabody,  in  the  North  American 
Review,  Ixii.  102-141 ;  Ixxxiv.  535.  See  also  Chris.  Exam., 
xxxix.  418 ;  South.  Quar.  Rev.,  ix.  507 ;  J.  R.  Lowell's  Fable 
for  Critics;  Lon.  Athenaeum,  March  14,  1857,  p.  347.  Of 
the  Compositions  in  Outline,  the  Athenaeum  remarks : 

"This  book  of  illustrations  is  the  best  thing  American  Art  has 
yet  produced.  The  drawings  are  original,  graceful,  and  purely 
national." 

2.  Philo :  an  Evangeliad,  1850, 12mo.  Reviewed  by  A. 
P.  Peabody,  in  the  North  Amer.  Rev.,  Ixx.  433-443.  3. 
Richard  Edney,  and  the  Governor's  Family,  1850,  12mo. 
Reviewed  in  the  North  Amer.  Rev.,  Ixxii.  493-505.  4.  The 
Church;  in  a  Series  of  Discourses,  1854,  12mo.  Mr.  Judd 
left  in  MS.  a  dramatic  piece  in  five  acts,  entitled  The  White 
Hills,  an  American  Tragedy.  For  further  details  respect 
ing  this  author  and  his  productions,  see  the  Life  and  Cha 
racter  of  the  Rev.  Sylvester  Judd,  1854,  12mo,  (by  Miss 
Arethusa  Hall,)  and  a  review  of  this  vol.  in  the  North 
Amer.  Rev.,  Ixxx.  420-439. 

Judkin,  Rev.  Thomas  James.  1.  Church  and 
Home  Psalmody,  Lon.,  1831,  18mo.  2.  By-gone  Moods; 
or,  Hues  of  Fancy  and  Feeling,  from  the  Spring  to  the 
Autumn  of  Life,  1856,  p.  8vo.  Contains  about  270  original 
Sonnets,  of  the  Petrarchan  school.  They  were  written  at 
various  periods  of  life. 

Judson,  Adoniram,  D.D.,  b.  Aug.  9,  1788,  at  Mai 
den,  Mass.,  d.  1850,  at  sea,  on  his  voyage  to  Rangoon,  a 
Baptist  divine,  the  founder  of  the  Burmah  Mission  in  1815, 
wrote  a  work  on  Christian  Baptism,  (recently  repub.,)  Ac., 


JUD 


JUN 


and  trans,  the  Bible,  a  Dictionary,  and  a  number  of  tracts, 
into  the  Burmese  tongue.  His  1st  ed.  of  the  Bible  in 
Burmese  was  pub.  in  1835,  3  vols.  8vo ;  2d  ed.,  revised  and 
much  improved,  1840,  thick  4to.  His  Burmese  and  Eng 
lish  Dictionary  was  compiled  from  his  papers  by  E.  A. 
Stevens,  and  printed  at  Moulmein  in  1852.  It  is  the  only 
one  ever  compiled  of  the  Burmese  language.  See  his  life, 
by  J.  Clement,  Auburn,  N.Y.,  1852,  12mo ;  Sketch  of  his 
Character  and  Labors,  by  Mrs.  H.  C.  Conant,  Bost.,  12mo ; 
Incidents  in  his  Life,  Lon.,  1852,  12mo;  Memoirs  of  his 
Life  and  Labors,  by  Francis  Wayland,  D.D.,  President  of 
Brown  University,  1853,  2  vols.  12mo,  Lon.,  1853,  2  vols. 
12mo;  Records  of  his  Life,  Character,  and  Achievements, 
by  Rev.  D.  T.  Middleditch,  of  Redbank,  N.  Jersey,  N.York, 
1854,  12mo.  Of  Dr.  Wayland's  biography— such  was  the 
interest  felt  in  the  labours  of  the  excellent  Judson— 25,000 
copies  were  sold  in  sixty  days.  See  also  Bost.  Chris.  Rev., 
xiii.  259,  xiv.  421 ;  Lon.  Gent.  Mag.,  March,  1854,  286. 

Judson,  Mrs.  Anne  Haseltine,  1789-1826,  a  na 
tive  of  Bradford,  Mass.,  was  married  to  the  preceding  in 
1812,  and  proved  a  faithful  ally  in  his  efforts  for  the  con 
version  of  the  heathen,  and  a  skilful  diplomatist  in  affairs 
of  state.  She  wrote  some  tracts  for  her  Burmese  pupils, 
and  an  excellent  Account  of  the  American  Baptist  Mission 
to  the  Burman  Empire,  Lon.,  1825,  8vo.  See  Memoir  of 
Anne  H.  Judson,  by  Rev.  Jas.  D.  Knowles ;  2d  ed.,  Bost., 
1829,  12mo;  fifty-seventh  thousand,  Bost.,  1857,  18mo. 
Life  of  Mrs.  A.  H.  Judson,  pub.  by  Amer.  S.  S.  Union, 
Phila.,  18mo ;  Lives  of  the  Three  Mrs.  Judson,  by  Mrs. 
Arabella  M.  Willson,  N.  York,  1851,  '55, 12mo ;  Jarnieson's 
Cyc.  of  Relig.  Biog.,  Lon.,  1853,  p.  Svo;  Bost.  Chris.  Exam., 
vi.  252,  by  F.  Parkman. 

Judson,  Mrs.  Emily,  formerly  Miss  Chubbnck, 
1817-1854,  better  known  by  her  nom  de  plume  of  Fanny 
Forester,  a  native  of  Eaton,  New  York,  became,  in  June, 
1846,  the  third  wife  of  the  Rev.  Dr.  Adoniram  Judson,  the 
founder  of  the  Burmah  Mission,  and  immediately  after 
wards  accompanied  her  husband  to  India.  After  Dr.  Jud- 
son's  decease  in  1850,  Mrs.  Judson  returned  to  the  United 
States,  in  impaired  health,  and,  after  a  lingering  illness, 
died  at  the  residence  of  her  brother,  at  Hamilton,  New 
York.  Among  her  first  contributions  to  literature  were 
several  small  vols.  of  a  religious  character,  issued  by  the 
Baptist  Publication  Society,  and  poetical  essays  in  the 
Knickerbocker  Magazine.  In  1844,  she  sent  a  paper  to 
The  New  York  Weekly  Mirror,  under  the  signature  of 
Fanny  Forester,  which  was  so  fortunate  as  to  elicit  the 
enthusiastic  commendation  of  Mr.  N.  P.  Willis,  editor  of 
that  periodical.  Encouraged  by  this,  she  contributed  to 
his  columns  a  number  of  essays,  sketches,  and  poems,  of 
which  a  collection  appeared  in  2  vols.  in  1846,  under  the 
title  of  Alderbrook.  These  met  with  such  favour,  that  the 
sale  in  America  from  the  date  of  publication  to  the  year  185; 
amounted  to  33,000  vols.  Mrs.  Judson  subsequently  gave 
to  the  world  A  Memoir  of  Mrs.  Sarah  B.  Judson,  N.  York 
1849,  18mo;  The  Olio,  or  Domestic  Poems,  1852,  12mo 
The  Kathayan  Slave,  and  other  Papers  connected  with 
Missionary  Life,  Bost.,  1853,  16mo;  My  Two  Sisters,  a 
Sketch  from  Memory,  [prose,]  1854,  18mo,  &c.  The  fol 
lowing  vols.  were  pub.  before  Mrs.  Judson's  marriage.  1 
Charles  Linn;  or,  How  to  Observe,  18mo.  2.  The  Grea 
Secret ;  or,  How  to  be  Happy,  18mo.  3.  Allen  Lucas ;  or 
The  Self-Made  Man,  18ino.  The  three  are  also  all  pub 
in  1  vol.,  under  the  title  of  How  to  be  Great,  Gobd,  and 
Happy.  4.  Trippings  in  Author-Land,  12mo. 

"  She  has  a  mind  of  the  purest  quality, — simple,  truthful,  imagi 
native,  fertile,  and  genial.  We  have  never  expressed  one-half  o 
the  admiration  we  have  felt  for  that  rare,  most  rare,  quality  of  he 
mind, — its  unerring,  unbroken  weaving  of  truth  and  nature  through 
all  its  fancies.  Eminently  fruitful  as  it  is,  a  sunbeam  is  not  mor 
direct,  pure,  and  honest,  than  that  same  feminine  and  delicate  fancy 
Her  books  are  delightful  to  read  for  this  reason.  The  heart  second 
the  attention  given  to  them  with  constant  recognition." — N.  P 
WILLIS. 

The  Memoir  of  Mrs.  Sarah  B.  Judson  was  repub.  i 
London  in  1848;  2d  ed.,  1849,  12mo;  3d  ed.,  1856,  12mo 
In  an  Introductory  Notice  by  Edward  Bean  Underbill,  i 
is  commended  as  a  beautiful  biographical  production,  from 
which  eulogy  the  critic  of  the  London  Athenaeum  thu 
expresses  his  dissent : 

"  We  cannot  share  Mr.  Underbill's  admiration  for  Miss  Emily  C 
Chubbuck's  style  as  an  authoress.  The  tomb  of  the  second  M 
Judson  is  by  her  hung  with  artificial  flowers  of  the  most  tawdr 
and  commonplace  quality.  Without  simplicity  there  is  neithe 
charm  nor  profit  in  narratives  of  this  kind :  and  '  Fanny  Foreste 
seems  to  have  avoided  simplicity  with  unusual  fervour,  and  entirel 
to  have  succeeded  in  her  escape  from  it."— Nov.  11, 1848,  p.  1123. 

See  Lives  of  the  Three  Mrs.  Judson,  by  Mrs.  A. 
Willson,  N.  York,  1851,  '55,  12mo;    Griswold's  Femal 


'oets  of  America;  N.  Amer.  Rev.,lxviii.  434;  The  Female 
'oets  of  America,  by  Mrs.  E.  F.  Ellet;  Chris.  Exam.,  xlii. 
93,  (by  L.  J.  Hall.)  It  is  understood  that  a  Life  of  Mrs. 
udson,  by  Dr.  A.  C.  Kendrick,  of  Rochester,  New  York, 
s  now  (1857)  in  course  of  preparation. 

Judson,  Mrs.  Sarah  B.,  1803-1845,  a  native  of  Al- 
tead,  New  Hampshire,  was  married  in  1825  to  the  Rer. 
Gteorge  Boardman,  who  died  in  1831,  and  in  1835  she  be- 
ame  the  second  wife  of  the  Rev.  Adoniram  Judson.  The 
>arting  poem,  addressed  to  the  latter  when  she  was  about 
ailing  for  America,  has  been  much  admired.  See  the 
hree  preceding  articles. 

Jukes,  Andrew.  1.  Principles  of  Prophetic  Inter 
relation,  (Hulsean  Dissert,  1840,)  Lon.,  1841,  8vo.  2. 
'he  Way  which  some  Persons  call  Heresy,  1847,  12mo. 
.  Law  of  the  Offerings  in  Levit.  i.  to  viii.,  1847,  fp.  8vo; 
d  ed.,  1854,  fp.  8vo.  4.  Characteristic  Differences  of  the 
Four  Gospels,  1853,  fp.  8vo. 

Jukes,  Edward.  1.  Indigestion  and  use  of  Lave 
ments,  Lon.,  18mo.  2.  Structure  of  the  Rectum,  1842,  4to. 
J.  Causes,  Ac.  of  Smoky  Rooms,  1843,  12mo. 

Jukes,  George  M.  Lett  to  the  Inhabitants  of  Gos- 
)ort  rel.  to  a  Suit  in  Exchequer,  1809,  Svo. 

Jukes,  J.  Beete,  late  Geological  Surveyor  of  New- 
ibundland,  now  President  of  the  Geological  Society  of 
Dublin.  1.  Excursions  in  and  about  Newfoundland  in 
1839-40,  Lon.,  1842,  2  vols.  p.  Svo.  A  review  of  this  work, 
and  a  contrast  between  it  and  Newfoundland  in  1842,  (see 
BONNYCASTLE,  LIEUT.-COL.  SIR  RICHARD,)  will  be  found 
n  the  London  Athenaeum,  Aug.  27,  1842.  2.  Voyage  of 
H.  M.  S.  Fly  to  the  Eastern  Archipelago,  1847,  2  vols.  Svo. 

3.  Sketch  of  the  Physical  Structure  of  Australia,  1850,  Svo. 

4.  Popular  Physical   Geology,  1853,  r.  16mo.    With  20 
views  of  geolog.  scenery. 

"  The  illustrations  to  the  work  are  of  the  most  accurate  as  well 
as  beautiful  character,  combining  the  skill  of  the  artist  with  the 
knowledge  of  the  geologist." — Lon.  Observer. 
See  also  a  highly  commendatory  notice  in  the  Spectator. 
Juliana,  a  devotee,  temp.  Edward  III.,  who  lived  in  a 
stone  cell  at  Norwich,  wrote  Sixteen  Revelations  of  the 
Love  of  God,  Ac.,  which  was  pub.  by  F.  R.  S.  Cresy,  in 
1610,  and  reprinted  by  H.  Parker,  Leicester,  1843,  fp.  Svo. 
Julius,  Alexander,  a  native  of  Edinburgh,  pub. 
poetical  translations  into  Latin  of  portions  of  the  Bible, 
and  some  poems,  Ac.  in  the  same  language,  1606-20.  His 
Poemata  Sacra  was  pub.,  Edin.,  1614,  4to.  See  Lowndes's 
Bibl.  Man. 

Julius  Secnndus.  Dialogus  Festivus,  Oxon.,  1680, 
12mo. 

Juniper,  William.  1.  Juniper  Lectures,  Lon.,  1652, 
12mo.  2.  His  Visions,  Ac.,  1662,  4to.  See  the  Juniper 
Lecturer  Corrected,  1662,  4to. 

Junius.  In  our  article  upon  SIR  PHILIP  FRANCIS,  in 
this  volume,  we  remarked  that  we  should  best  discharge 
our  duty  with  respect  to  the  vexed  question  of  the  author 
ship  of  THE  LETTERS  OP  JUNIUS  by  indicating  the  sources 
of  information  upon  this  famous  controversy.  The  cata 
logue  raisonnee  subjoined,  of  works  upon  this  warmly-agi 
tated  theme,  we  have  prepared  with  much  care  from  a 
number  of  authorities  not  accessible  to  all  inquirers. 

We  must  premise — for  we  write  not  for  the  learned  only 
—that  the  compositions  distinctively  styled  THE  LETTERS 
OP  JUNIUS  were  originally  pub.  in  The  Public  Advertiser 
of  London,  by  Henry  Sampson  Woodfall,  the  first  letter 
bearing  date  January  21,  1769,  and  the  last  January  21, 
1772.  These  celebrated  epistles  are  addressed  to  The 
Printer  of  The  Public  Advertiser,  Sir  William  Draper,  The 
Duke  of  Grafton,  The  Duke  of  Bedford,  Lord  North,  Lord 
Mansfield,  The  King  of  England,  Rev.  Mr.  Home,  and 
others.  Junius  was  a  Grenville  or  Rockingham  Whig, 
and  attacked  with  great  severity  the  ministerial  measures 
of  the  Duke  of  Grafton  and  his  colleagues. 

"  The  classic  purity  of  their  language,  the  exquisite  fqrce  and  per 
spicuity  of  their  argument,  the  keen  severity  of  their  reproach, 
the  extensive  information  they  evince,  their  fearless  and  decisive 
tone,  and,  above  all,  their  stern  and  steady  attachment  to  the  purest 
principles  of  the  Constitution,  acquired  for  them,  with  an  almost 
electric  speed,  a  popularity  which  no  series  of  letters  have  since 
possessed,  nor,  perhaps,  ever  will ;  and,  what  is  of  far  greater  con 
sequence,  diffused  among  the  body  a  clearer  knowledge  of  their 
constitutional  rights  than  they  had  ever  before  attained,  and  ani 
mated  them  with  a  more  determined  spirit  to  maintain  them  invio 
late.  Enveloped  in  the  cloud  of  a  fictitious  name,  the  writer  of 
these  philippics,  unseen  himself,  beheld  with  secret  satisfaction  the 
vast  influence  of  his  labours,  and  enjoyed,  though,  as  we  shall  after 
wards  observe,  not  always  without  apprehension,  the  universal  hunt 
that  was  made  to  detect  him  in  his  disguise.  He  beheld  the  people 
extolling  him,  the  court  execrating  him,  and  ministers,  and  more 
than  ministers,  trembling  beneath  the  lash  of  his  invisible  hand."— 
JOHN  MASON  GOOD,  M.D. :  Essay  on  Junius  and  his  Writings. 
Several  unauthorized  collections  of  the  letters  of  Junius 


JUN 


JUN 


were  put  forth  by  various  publishers  before  1772,  in  which 
year  Mr.  Henry  Sampson  Woodfall,  the  original  printer 
of  the  epistles,  issued  an  edition  in  2  vols.  sm.  8vo,  with 
the  sanction  of  Junius,  and  an  eloquent  Dedication,  Pre 
face,  and  Notes,  by  the  same  mysterious  individual.  In 
1812,  3  vols.  8vo,  Mr.  George  Woodfall  pub.  a  new  edition 
of  these  celebrated  letters.  In  this  edit,  we  have  not  only 
the  Letters  of  Junius  referred  to  above,  but  also  his  pri 
vate  letters  to  H.  S.  Woodfall,  his  correspondence  with  John 
Wilkes,  and  other  communications  to  Woodfall's  Public 
Advertiser,  under  various  signatures,  ascribed  to  him  with 
more  or  less  probability  of  truth.  The  period  during  which 
the  Letters  of  Junius  and  those  thus  ascribed  to  him  were 
written  extends  from  the  letter  of  Poplicola,  28th  April, 
1767,  to  the  letter  of  Nemesis,  May  12,  1772.  Woodfall's 
edition  contains — 

L  The  Letters  of  Junius  distinctively  so  called,  and  ac 
knowledged  by  him,  dated  January  21,  1769,  to  January 
21,  1772. 

Of  the  69  Letters  in  this  series,  59  were  written  by  Ju 
nius  ;  of  which  44  bear  the  signature  of  Junius,  and  15 
the  signature  of  Philo- Junius.  Of  the  44  letters  signed 
Junius,  the  titles  are  as  follows : 

To  the  Printer  of  the  Public  Advertiser 10 

«  Sir  Wm.  Draper 5 

"  the  Duke  of  Grafton 11 

"  Edward  Weston 1 

«  Dr.  Wm.  Blackstone 1 

OnWalpole's  Case 1 

To  the  Duke  of  Bedford 1 

On  the  Rescue  of  General  Gansel 1 

On  Modestus 1 

Address  to  the  King 1 

Retrospect  of  Parliamentary  Session 1 

To  Lord  North 1 

"   Chief-Justice  Mansfield 3 

On  the  Falkland  Islands 1 

On  Privileges  of  Parliament 1 

On  Parliamentary  Resolutions 1 

To  the  Rev.  Mr.  Home 1 

"    "   Livery  of  London 1 

"  Lord  Camden 1 

~44 

Of  the  15  Letters  signed  Philo-Junius  (really  written  by 
Junius)  the  titles  are  as  follows : 

On  Walpole's  Case 1 

"    the  Spanish  Convention 1 

To  the  Printer  of  the  Public  Advertiser 10 

"  Modestus 1 

"   Zeno , 1 

"  an  Advocate  in  the  Cause  of  the  People...     1 

"15* 
Of  the  other  10  Letters  the  titles  are : 

Sir  Wm.  Draper  to  the  Printer  of  the  Public 

Advertiser 1 

Sir  Wm.  Draper  to  Junius 4 

The  Rev.  Mr.  Home  to  Junius 3 

A  Friend  of  Junius 1 

On  behalf  of  Junius:  anonymous 1 

"10" 

IT.  Junius's  Private  Letters  to  Mr.  H.  S.  Woodfall,  dated 
April  20,  1769,  to  January  19,  1773.  In  this  series  there 
are  64  Letters  and  Notes,  62  of  which  are  addressed  by 
Junius  to  Woodfall,  1  to  David  Garrick,  and  the  other  (the 
conclusion  of  the  series)  is  a  letter  of  Woodfall's  to  Junius, 
dated  March  7,  1773. 

III.  Junius's   Confidential   Correspondence  with  John 
Wilkes,  containing  18  Letters,  10  of  which  are  written  by 
Junius,  and  8  by  Wilkes.     These  letters  are  dated  21st 
August,  1771,  to  January  15,  1772. 

IV.  The  Miscellaneous  Letters  ascribed  to  Junius,  under 
various  signatures,  consisting  of  113  letters  and  papers, 
28th  April,  1769,  to  May  12,  1772,  which  occupy  part  of 
the  second  and  the  whole  of  the  third  volumes.     The  au 
thenticity  of  many  of  these  productions  is  very  question 
able.      Prefixed  to  this  edition,  which  is  illustrated  by 
notes,  is  an  admirable  Preliminary  Essay  on  Junius  and 
his  Writings,  by  the  editor,  John  Mason  Good,  M.D. 

A  new  edition  of  the  issue  of  1812  was  published  in 
1850,  2  vols.  12mo,  which  contains  much  additional  matter 
of  great  value.  This  forms  part  of  Bonn's  Standard  Li 
brary,  and  is  edited  by  John  Wade,  who  favours  us  with 
New  Evidence  as  to  the  Authorship,  and  a  portion  of  an 
Analysis,  by  the  late  Sir  N.  Harris  Nicolas.  Mr.  Wade 
makes  out  a  strong  case  for  the  claim  of  Sir  Philip  Francis. 
There  are,  however,  some  grave  objections  to  this  hypo 


thesis,  which  we  hardly  expect  to  see  surmounted.  See, 
in  addition  to  authorities  to  be  cited  hereafter,  London 
Athenaeum,  1850,  125,  154,  863,  939,  969,  993,  1021,  1071. 
The  curious  reader  will  be  glad  to  see  a  list  of  the  most 
prominent  names  of  those  to  whom  the  Letters  of  Juuius 
have  been  at  one  time  or  another  ascribed  : 


1.  Adair,  Mr.  Serjeant. 

2.  Barre,  Col.  Isaac. 

3.  Boyd,  Hugh  Macauley. 

4.  Burke,  Edmund. 

5.  Butler,  Bishop. 

6.  Camden,  Lord. 

7.  Chatham,  Lord. 

8.  Chesterfield,  Lord. 

9.  De  Lolme,  M. 

10.  Dunning,  LordAshburton. 

11.  Dyer,  Samuel. 

12.  Flood,  Henry. 

13.  Francis,  Philip,  D.D. 

14.  Francis,  Sir  Philip. 

15.  Gibbon,  Edward. 

16.  Glover,  Richard. 

17.  Grattan,  Henry. 

18.  Greatrakes,  Wm. 

19.  Grenville,  Geo. 

20.  Grenville,  James. 

21.  Hamilton,  Win.  Gerard. 

22.  Hollis,  James. 


23.  Jones,  Sir  Wm. 

24.  Kent,  John. 

25.  Lee,  General  Charles. 

26.  Lloyd,  Charles. 

27.  Lyttelton,  Lord  Thos, 

28.  Macleary,  Laughlin. 

29.  Portland,  Duke  of. 

30.  Pownall,  Gov.  Thomas. 

31.  Rich,  Sir  Robert. 

32.  Roberts,  John. 

33.  Rosenhagen,  Rev.  Philip. 

34.  Sackville,  Lord   George, 
afterwardsLord  Germain. 

35.  Shelburne,  Earl. 

36.  Temple,  Earl. 

37.  Tooke.  Jno.  Home. 

38.  Walpole,  Horace. 

39.  Wilkes,  John. 

40.  Wedderburn,  Alex.  (Lord 

Loughborough.) 

41.  Wilmot,  James,  D.D. 

42.  Wray,  Daniel.    * 


Of  the  42  names  above  enumerated,  the  claims  of  13 — 
viz. :  Boyd,  Burke,  Bishop  Butler,  Dunning,  Dyer,  Flood, 
General  Lee,  Lloyd,  Roberts,  Rosenhagen,  and  Lord  George 
Sackville — are  carefully  examined  by  Dr.  Good  in  his  cele 
brated  preliminary  essay,  and  all  are  decidedly  rejected. 
As  the  question  now  stands,  the  sifting  of  zealous  and 
learned  controversy  has  spared  but  three  names  out  of  all 
those  for  whom  the  authorship  has  from  time  to  time  been 
claimed, — viz. : 

I.  SIR  PHILIP  FRANCIS. 

II.  LORD  GEORGE  SACKVILLE,  afterwards  LORD  GER 
MAIN. 

III.  COLONEL  ISAAC  BARRE. 

The  claims  of  the  last  two  candidates  in  the  field,  Sir 
Robert  Rich  and  Gov.  Thos.  Pownall,  have  been  recently 
brought  prominently  forward, — those  of  the  former  by  Mr. 
Ayerst,  in  1853,  and  of  the  latter  by  Mr.  Frederick  Griffin, 
of  Montreal,  in  1854.  Mr.  Dowe,  indeed,  has  within  the 
last  few  months  announced  new  discoveries  in  favour  of 
the  claims  of  the  Earl  of  Chatham,  but  in  the  present  stage 
of  the  question — for  Mr.  Dowe's  book  is  hardly  yet  fairly 
before  the  world — we  do  not  feel  justified  in  adding  his 
lordship's  name  to  the  three  who  still  exhibit  indications 
of  vitality  after  enduring  the  targets  of  a  keen  literary 
battle  of  fourscore  years'  duration. 

We  shall  presently  give  a  list  of  publications  connected 
with  the  Junius  controversy,  but  it  may  be  proper  here 
briefly  to  refer  to  some  prominent  pleas  for  the  respective 
claims  of  the  three  above  named. 

I.  SIR  PHILIP  FRANCIS.  1.  The  Identity  of  Junius  with 
a  distinguished  Living  Character,  by  Mr.  John  Taylor,  Lon., 

1816,  8vo.     2.  A  Supplement  to  Junius  Identified,  consist 
ing  of  Fac-Similes  of  Handwriting,  and  other  Illustrations, 

1817,  8vo.   3.  Review  of  the  two  preceding,  by  Lord  Broug 
ham,  Edin.  Rev.,  November,  1817,  xxix.  94.     His  lordship 
thus  sums  up  the  evidence  presented  by  Mr.  Taylor : 

"  That  it  proves  Sir  Philip  to  be  Junius,  we  will  not  affirm ;  but 
this  we  can  safely  assert,  that  it  accumulates  such  a  mass  of  cir 
cumstantial  evidence  as  renders  it  extremely  difficult  to  believe 
he  is  not ;  and  that,  if  so  many  coincidences  shall  be  found  to  have 
misled  us  in  this  case,  our  faith  in  all  conclusions  drawn  from  proofs 
of  a  similar  kind  may  henceforth  be  shaken." 

4.  Letter  of  Sir  James  Mackintosh  to  John  Murray,  Sr., 
Nov.  28, 1824.  See  No.  10.  5.  Argument  by  Thomas  De 
Quincey,  in  his  Literary  Reminiscences,  vol.  ii.,  being  vol. 
vii.  (chap,  xxii.)  of  Ticknor,  Reed  &  Field's  edit,  of  De 
Quincey's  works.  6.  Argument  by  T.  B.  Macaulay,  in  his 
review  of  Gleig's  Life  of  Warren  Hastings,  Edin.  Rev., 
Oct.  1841,  Ixxiv.  160.  7.  Letter  of  Lady  Francis  (widow 
of  Sir  Philip)  to  Lord  Campbell,  inserted  in  his  lordship's 
Lives  of  the  Lord-Chancellors,  vol.  vi.  p.  344.  8.  The 
History  and  Discovery  of  Junius,  by  John  Wade,  in  his 
edit,  of  the  Letters  of  Junius,  1850,  2  vols.  8vo,  before  re 
ferred  to.  9.  Some  New  Facts  and  a  suggested  New  Theory 
as  to  the  Authorship  of  the  Letters  of  Junius,  by  Sir  For- 
tunatus  Dwarris,  Knt,  Lon.,  1850.  Privately  printed.  Seo 
London  Athenaeum,  1850,  939,  969,  993.  10.  Argument 
by  Lord  Mahon,  in  his  History  of  England  from  the 
Peace  of  Utrecht,  vol.  v.  320-340,  1851.  Nos.  4  and  11  are 
printed  in  this  work.  11.  Letter  of  T.  B.  Macaulay  to  John 


JUN 

Murray,  Jr.,  dated  at  the  Albany,  Jan.  3, 1852.     See  No.  10.  I 
This  refers  to  the  famous  article  in  the  London  Quar.  Rev.  for  j 
Dec.  1851,  xc.  91,  advocating  the  claims  of  Lord  Thomas  j 
Lyttelton  to  the  authorship  of  Junius,  and  rejecting  alto 
gether  the  pleas  urged  in  favour  of  Sir  Philip  Francis. 
But  Lord  Lyttleton's  claims  have  been  since  set  aside,  (see 
London  Athenaeum,)  and  the  question  remains  status  quo 
ante  bellum.    In  the  letter  above  referred  to,  Mr.  Macaulay 
remarks : 

"But,  in  truth,  the  strongest  arguments  against  the  Reviewers' 
theory  are  the  arguments  which,  in  my  opinion,  prove  that  Francis 
was  the  author  of  the  letters." 

Mr.  Macaulay  despatches  the  claims  of  five  celebrated 
names — claims  which  have  been  urged  with  much  perti 
nacity  and  some  of  them  at  great  length — in  as  many 
lines : 

"  Lord  Lyttleton's  claims  to  the  authorship  of  Junius  are  better 
than  those  of  Burke  or  Barre,  and  quite  as  good  as  those  of  Lord 
George  Sackville  or  Single-Speech  Hamilton.  But  the  case  against 
Francis,  or,  if  you  please,  in  favour  of  Francis,  rests  on  grounds  of 
a  very  different  kind,  and  on  coincidences  such  as  would  be  suffi 
cient  to  convict  a  murderer." 

II.  LORD  GEORGE  SACKVILLE,  afterwards  LORD  GER 
MAIN.    We  need  here  only  refer  to  George  Coventry's  Cri 
tical  Inquiry  regarding  the  real  author  of  the  Letters  of 
Junius,  proving  them  to  have  been  written  by  Lord  Viscount 
Sackville,  1825,  8vo.     This  theory  was  sustained  in  a  work 
pub.  in  Boston,  U.  States,  in  1828,  entitled  Junius  Un 
masked,  or  Lord  George  Sackville  proved  to  be  Junius, 
and  in  a  review  of  this  vol.  in  the  N.  American  Rev.,  xxix. 
315,  by  G.B.Cheever.     Charles  Butler  (see  his  Reminis 
cences)  supposes  Lord  Sackville  to  have  been  the  author 
of  Junius,  and  Sir  Philip  Francis  his  amanuensis  and  oc 
casional  assistant.     Mr.  Jaques,  in  his  History  of  Junius 
and  his  Works,  and  a  Review  of  the  Controversy,  1843, 
8vo,  adopts  this  theory,  and  adds  D'Oyly — Francis's  fel 
low-clerk  in  the  War-Office — as  a  connecting-link  beween 
Lord  Sackville  and  Francis. 

III.  COLONEL  ISAAC  BARRE.    Mr.  John  Britton,  in  his 
Authorship  of  the  Letters  of  Junius  Elucidated,  1848,  r. 
8vo,  earnestly  contends  that  Colonel  Barre"  was  Junius,  and 
that  he  was  assisted  by  Lord  Shelburne  and  Mr.  Dunning. 
In  an  article  pub.  in  the  London  Morning  Herald  in  1813, 
the  opinion  was  expressed  that  the  Earl  of  Shelburne  was 
Junius,  and  that  he  was  assisted  by  Barre"  and  Dunning. 
This  work  is  noticed  by  the  author  of  the  article  in  the 
London  Quar.  Rev.,  xc.  91,  before  referred, to,  as 

"  a  curious  instance  of  the  delusion  to  which  ingenious  men  may 
resign  themselves  when  they  have  a  favourite  opinion  to  uphold." 

An  elaborate  review  of  Mr.  Britton's  work  will  be  found 
in  the  London  Athenaeum,  July  22  and  29, 1848.  And  see 
other  articles  referred  to  in  the  course  of  the  present  notice. 

We  shall  now  proceed  to  give  a  list  of  publications  con 
nected  with  this  perplexing  subject,  which  to  the  minds 
of  many  of  the  most  intelligent  readers  of  the  day  is  as 
much  a  mystery  as  it  was  to  their  grandfathers.  Whether 
this  cloud  will  ever  be  lifted  from  the  name  is  now  doubt 
ful.  Indeed,  it  is  difficult  to  imagine  in  what  way  the 
authorship  of  the  Letters  of  Junius  can  ever  be  satisfac 
torily  proved,  presuming  that  the  claims  of  the  real  author 
have  been,  or  shall  hereafter  be,  presented  to  the  public 
for  acceptance.  If  the  arguments  in  favour  of  the  author 
ship  of  Sir  Philip  Francis,  or  Lord  Sackville,  or  both  com 
bined,  be  insufficient  to  gain  credence,  what  amount  of 
evidence  can  identify  the  real  author?  Certain  it  is  that 
against  even  Junius  himself,  whoever  he  may  be;  many 
probabilities  will  apparently  exist.  It  can  be  only  by  the 
preponderance  of  favourable  testimony  that  any  such 
claim  can  be  established.  Not  a  year  elapses  in  which 
some  man  is  not  hanged  on  less  evidence  than  has  been 
adduced  in  favour  of  more  than  one  of  the  claimants  of 
the  authorship  of  the  Letters  of  Junius.  But  we  must 
proceed  with  our  list  of  publications. 

1769.  1.  An  Impartial  Answer  to  the  Doctrine  delivered 
in  a  Letter  which  appeared  in  the  Public  Advertiser  under 
the  signature  of  Junius.    By  Charles  Fearne,  8vo.    2.  In 
teresting   Letters   selected  from  the  Correspondence  of 
Messrs.  Wilkes,  Home,  Beckford,  and  Junius,  8vo.    3.  A 
Collect,  of  the  Letters  of  Atticus,  Lucius,  Junius,  and 
others;  with  Observ.  and  Notes,  8vo.    4.  The   Political 
Contest;  being  a  Cont.  of  Junius's  Letters  from  the  6th 
of  July  to  the  present  time,  8vo.     5.  The  Political  Contest  ; 
containing  a  Series  of  Letters  between  Junius  and  Sir  Will. 
Draper;  also  the  whole  of  Junius's  Letters  to  his  Grace 
the  D#*-«  of  G******,  8vo. 

1770.  6.  An  Address  to  Junius  upon  the  subject  of  his 
Letter  in  the  Public  Advertiser,  Dec.  19,  1769,  8vo.    In 
this  address  the  Letters  are  attributed  to  Wilkes. 

1771.  7.  Letters  addressed  to  the  King,  the  Duke  of 


JUN 

Grafton,  the  Earls  of  Chesterfield  and  Sandwich,  Lord 
Barrington,  Junius,  and  the  Rev.  Mr.  Home,  under  the 
signature  of  P.  P.  S.,  8vo.  8.  An  Answer  to  Junius,  8vo. 
9.  The  Trial  of  John  Almon,  Bookseller,  for  selling  Ju 
nius's  Letters  to  the  K — g,  8vo.  10.  The  Genuine  Letters 
of  Junius,  and  Anecdotes  of  the  Author.  The  compiler 
attributes  the  letters  to  Edmund  Burke. 

1772.  11.  Woodfall's— the  first  authorized— edit  of  the 
Letters  of  Junius,  2  vols.  sm.  8vo. 

1774.     12.  Epistle  to  Junius,  by  Benj.  Hughes,  4to. 

1778.  13.  Serious  Letter  to  the  Public,  by  Junius,  8vo. 
Fictitious. 

1788.  14.  Anecdotes  of  Junius:  to  which  is  prefixed 
the  King's  Reply,  8vo. 

1789.  15.  Junius  Discovered,  by  P.  T.,  8yo.    Junius  is 
supposed  to  be  John  Home  Tooke. 

1794.     16.  Letters  of  Juniua,  2  vols.  8vo. 

1797.  17.  Letters  of  Junius,  2  vols.  8vo,  Bensley's 
beautiful  ed.,  illustrated  by  portraits.  A  copy  on  vellum 
was  sold  at  auction  in  London  in  1804  for  £25  4*. 

1799.  18.  Letter  of  Charles  Butler,  dated  July,  1799, 
giving  an  account  of  the  inquiries  of  John  Wilkes  and 
himself  relative  to  the  authorship  of  Junius.      Repub., 
with  addits.,  in  Butler's  Reminiscences,  1822. 

1800.  19.  Geo.  Chalmers's  Append,  to  his  Supp.  Apo 
logy;   being  the  documents  for  thfe  opinion  that  Hugh 
McAuley  Boyd  wrote  Junius's  Letters,  8vo.    See  1817, 
No.  41. 

1801.  20.  Junius's  Letters,  with  portraits,  2  vols.  8vo. 
Printed  by  Bensley. 

1803.  21.  St.  James's  Chronicle,  Apl.  16.  T.  Rodney's 
account  (extracted  from  the  Wilmington,  Del.,  Mirror) 
of  Genl.  Lee's  assertion  that  he  was  Junius. 

1808.  22.  Reasons  for  rejecting  the  presumptive  Evi 
dence  of  Mr.  Almon  that  Boyd  was  Junius,  with  Passages 
selected  to  prove  the  real  author  of  the  Letters  of  Junius. 
This  is  Dr.  Girdlestone's  pamphlet,  and  endeavours  to  show 
that  Gen.  Charles  Lee  was  Junius. 

1809.  23.  Another  guess  at  Junius,  and  a  Dialogue, 
8vo.    An  attempt  to  prove  that  Lord  Chatham  was  Junius. 

1810.  24.  Junius's  Letters,  with  Portraits,  r.  8vo. 

1812.  25.  The  Letters  of  Junius,  including  Letters  by 
the  same  Writer,  under  other  signatures,  (now  first  col 
lected.)     To  which  are  added  confidential  Corresp.  with 
Mr.  Wilkes,  and  his  private  Letters  to  H.  S.  Woodfall,  with 
a  Preliminary  Essay,  [by  John  Mason  Good,  M.D.,]  Notes, 
Fac-similes,  <fec.,  3  vols.  8vo.    Repub.  in  Phila.,  1813,  2 
vols.  8vo. 

1813.  26.  An  Attempt  to  ascertain  the  author  of  Ju 
nius's  Letters,  8vo.    By  the  Rev.  John  B.  Blakeaway.    Mr. 
B.  advocates  the  claims  of  John  Home  Tooke.    See  1815, 
No.  36.     27.  An  Inquiry  concerning  the  Author  of  the 
Letters  of  Junius,  in  which  it  is  proved,  by  internal  as  well 
as  direct  and  satisfactory  Evidence,  that  they  were  written 
by  the  Hon.  Edmund  Burke,  8vo.     By  John  Roche.    28. 
Facts  tending  to  prove  that  Genl.  Lee  was  the  Author  of 
Junius.    By  T.  Girdlestone,  M.D.    See  1808,  No.  22.    29. 
The  Life  of  the  Author  of  Junius's  Letters,  the  Rev.  James 
Wilmot,  D.D.     With  portrait,  fac-similes,  etc.,  8vo.     By 
Olivia  Wilmot  Serres.  30.  A  Discovery  of  the  Author  of  the 
Letters  of  Junius,  8vo.     This  is  John  Taylor's  first  publica 
tion  on  the  subject,  and  attributes  the  authorship  to  Philip 
Francis,  D.D.,  father  of  Sir  Philip  Francis.     See  1816, 
No.  37.    31.  The  Letters  of  Junius,  illustrated  by  Howard 
Bocquet,  from  original  paintings.    A  beautiful  ed.,  with 
12  portraits.     32.  Memoirs,  by  a  celebrated  Literary  and 
Political  Character,  [Richard  Glover,]  1742-57,  8vo.    By 
Richard  Duppa. 

1814.  33.  An  Inquiry  concerning  the  Author  of  the 
Letters  of  Junius,  with  Reference  to  the  Memoirs,  [see 
1813,  No.  32,]  Ac.,  8vo.    An  attempt  to  prove  that  Richard 
Glover  was  the  author.    34.  An  Inquiry  into  the  Author 
of  the  Letters  of  Junius.    35.  Second  ed.  of  H.  S.  Wood- 
fall's  ed.  of  1812,  3  vols.  8vo. 

1815.  36.  Sequel  of  An  Attempt  to  discover  Junius, 
by  the  Rev.  J.  B.  Blakeaway.     See  1813,  No.  26. 

1816.  37.  The  Identity  of  Junius  with  a  distinguished 
Living  Character  [Sir  Philip  Francis]  established.  By  John 
Taylor.     See  1813,  No.  30.     This  is  the  first  attempt  to  fix 
the  authorship  upon  Sir  Philip  Francis.    See  the  preceding 
references  to  this  branch  of  the  controversy,  under  the  title 
of   I.  SIR  PHILIP  FRANCIS,  and  to  London  Athenaeum, 
Oct.  8,  1850;  consult  also  Index  to  Notes  and  Queries,  and 
to  the  Athenaeum  for  1850.    Especially  see  Mr.  Taylor's 
letters  to  Notes  and  Queries,  Sept  7, 1850.    38.  Arguments 
and  Facts  proving  that  the  Letters  of  Junius  were  written 
by  John  Lewis  De  Lolme.    By  Tho.  Busby,  Mus.  D.,  8vo. 

1003 


JUN 


JUN 


39.  Letters  to  a  Nobleman,  proving  a  late  Prime  Minister 
[the  Duke  of  Portland]  to  have  been  Junius,  and  deve 
loping  the  secret  motives  which  induced  him  to  write 
under  that  and  other  signatares,  with  an  Appendix,  8vo. 

1817.  40.  A  Supp.  to  Junius  Identified.  By  John  Tay 
lor.  Consisting  of  Fac-similes  of  Handwriting  and  other 
Illustrations,  8vo.  A  2d  ed.  of  this  and  of  No.  37  was  pub. 
in  1818.  See  1816,  No.  37.  41.  The  Author  of  Junius 
ascertained  from  a  concatenation  of  circumstances,  amount 
ing  to  moral  demonstration,  8vo.  By  George  Chalmers. 
This  is  a  republication,  with  new  facts,  <fcc.,  of  the  argu 
ments  in  favour  of  H.  M.  Boyd.  See  1800,  No.  19.  Re 
printed  in  1819,  with  a  new  title-page  and  a  postscript. 

42.  An  Attempt  to  ascertain  the  Author  of  Junius,  8vo. 

43.  Junius:  Sir  Philip  Francis  Denied:  a  Letter  addressed 
to  the  British  Nation,  by  Olivia  Wilinot  Serres,  8vo. 

1819.  44.  Junius  Unmasked :  a  well-known  and  most 
eminent  Literary  Character  of  the  last  Century,  1819. 
This  is  an  argument  in  favour  of  Gibbon  the  historian. 

45.  A  Refutation  of  the  Claims  preferred  for  Sir  Philip 
Francis  and  Mr.  Gibbon  to  the  Letters  of  Junius,  1819. 

46.  Junius,  with  his  Visor  Up!  1819.      A  burlesque   in 
favour  of  Suett,  the   Comedian.     47.  Another   Guess  at 
Junius,  (1819?) 

1821.  48.  The  Author  of  Junius  discovered  in  the  Per 
son  of  the  celebrated  Earl  of  Chesterfield,  8vo;  and  1823. 

1822.  49.  The  Letters  of  Junius,  with  Preliminary  Dis- 
sertatations   and  Copious  Notes.     By  Atticus    Secundus, 
8vo.     This  author  coincides  with  John  Taylor. 

1823.  50.  The  Claims  of  Sir  Philip   Francis,  with  a 
Supp.  to  Junius  Discovered,  8vo. 

1825.  51.  A  Critical  Enquiry  regarding  the  real  author 
of  the  Letters  of  Junius,  proving  them  to  have  been  writ 
ten  by  Lord  Viscount  Sackville.    By  George  Coventry,  8vo. 
It  is  asserted  that  Coventry  changed  his  views,  and  pub. 
a  pamphlet  in  support  of  the  claims  of  Sir  Philip  Francis. 
But  this  appears  to  be  doubtful. 

1826.  52.  Junius  proved  to  have  been  Burke  ;  with  an 
Outline  of  his  Biography,  8vo.     We  may  here  mention 
also  (53.)  Junius's  Political  Axioms,  Svo,  and  (54.)  A  Great 
Personage  proved  to  have  been  Junius,  Svo. 

1828.  55.  Junius  Unmasked;  or,  Lord  George  Sackville 
proved  to  be  Junius.     This  anonymous  work,  pub.  at  Bos 
ton,  Mass.,  is  based  upon  Coventry's  argument  in  favour 
of  Lord  George  Sackville.     See  ante,  1825,  No.  51.     56. 
Letters  on  the  Author  of  Junius.     By  E.  H.  Barker,  12mo. 
This  work  opposes  the  claims  of  Sir  Philip  Francis,  and 
advocates  those  of  Charles  Lloyd.     57.  Memoirs  of  John 
Home  Tooke,  and  also  containing  proofs  identifying  him 
as  the  author  of  the  celebrated  Letters  of  Junius.    By  Dr. 
Graham;  pub.  in  N.  York. 

1829.  68.  Junius's  Posthumous  Works ;  with  an  Inquiry 
respecting  tbe  Author,  and  a  sketch  of  the  Life  of  John 
Home  Tooke,  8vo.   Pub.  in  N.  York.    Advocates  the  claims 
of  Tooke. 

1830.  59.  The  Secret  Revealed  of  the  Authorship  of 
Junius's  Letters.     By  James  Falconar,  Jun.,  Esq.     Advo 
cates  the  claims  of  Daniel  Wray. 

1831.  60.  An  Essay  on  Junius  and  his  Letters.  By  Benj. 
Waterhouse,  M.D.     This  work,  pub.  at  Boston,  Mass.,  ad 
vocates  the  claims  of  the  Earl  of  Chatham.     61.  Letters 
on  Junius,  addressed  to  John  Pickering,  Esq.,  shewing  that 
the  author  of  that  celebrated  work  was  Lord  Temple.     By 
Isaac  Newhall.     Pub.  at  Boston. 

1833.     62.  Junius,  Lord  Chatham,  «fcc.  By  John  Swinden. 

1837.  63.  Who  was  Junius?  Anon.  In  favour  of 
Lord  Chatham's  claims. 

1841.  64.  Letter  to  an  Hon.  Brig.-Genl.,  [Lord  Towns- 
hend ;]  repub.  by  N.  W.  Simons,  1843,  12mo.  This  Letter, 
ascribed  to  Junius  by  Mr.  Simons,  was  originally  pub.  in 
1760.  Mr.  Simons  argues  against  the  claims  of  Sir  Philip 
Francis. 

1843.  65.  The  History  of  Junius  and  his  Works ;  and 
a  Review  of  the  Controversy  respecting  the  Identity  of 
Junius.  By  John  Jaques,  Svo.  See  the  preceding  remarks 
under  II.  LORD  GEORGE  SACKVILLE. 

1848.  66.  The  Authorship  of  the  Letters  of  Junius 
Elucidated.  By  John  Britton,  1848,  r.  Svo.  See  the  pre 
ceding  remarks  under  III.  COLONEL  ISAAC  BARRE. 

1850.  67.  H.  G.  Bonn's  ed.  of  Junius,  edited  by  John 
Wade,  2  vols.  8vo.  See  the  preceding  remarks  under  I. 
SIR  PHILIP  FRANCIS.  68.  Some  New  Facts  and  a  sug 
gested  New  Theory  as  to  the  authorship  of  the  Letters  of 
Junius.  By  Sir  Fortunatus  Dwatris,  Knt.  Privately 
printed.  Refer  according  to  last  article.  69.  Junius  and 
his  Works  compared  with  the  Earl  of  Chesterfield,  by  W. 
Cramp,  Svo. 
1004 


1851.  70.  Postscript  to  No.  69,  with  Fac-simile  letters 
of  Junius,  Lord  Chesterfield,  and  Mrs.  C.  Dayrolles,  &c. 

1853.  71.  The  Ghost  of  Junius,  <fcc.     By  Mr.  Ayerst. 
In  favour  of  the  claims  of  Lieut.-Genl.  Sir  Robert  Rich, 
Bart. 

1854.  72.  Junius  Discovered.    By  F.  Griffin,  at  Boston, 
Mass.,  1857,  12mo.     Mr.  Griffin  advocates  the  claims  of 
Gov.  Thos.  Pownall.     73.  Junius— Lord  Chatham,  &c.,  by 
William  Dowe,  N.York,  1857,    12mo.     A  review  of  the 
works  of  Mr.  Griffin  and  Mr.  Dowe  will  be  found  in  the 
Lon.  Athen.,  July  17,  1838.     The  tone  of  the  critique  is 
indicated  in  the  opening  paragraph  : 

"  Two  more  volumes  of  mere  speculation,  both  from  the  other 
side  of  the  Atlantic." 

74.  The  Beauties  and  Maxims  of  Junius,  by  Lye,  and 
75,  the  Selection  of  Aphorisms,  by  Fisher,  being  merely 
compilations,  need  be  barely  referred  to.  The  notes  to 
Heron's  edit,  of  Junius  are  worthy  of  attention.  The 
reader  will  find  much  ingenious  criticism,  and  many  plau 
sible  suppositions,  in  several  of  the  following  articles  enu 
merated  in  Poole's  Index  to  Periodical  Literature. 

I.  AUTHORSHIP  OP  JUNIUS  :  1.  Edin.  Rev.,  xxix.  94,  (by 
Lord  Brougham.)     A  writer  in  the  Lon.  Gent.  Mag.  (Dec. 
1845,  p.  587)  ascribes  this  article  to  Sir  Jas.  Mackintosh ; 
but  he  is  in  error  :  Lord  Brougham  has  recently  repub.  it 
in  his  Contributions  to  the  Edin.  Rev.,  Lon.  and  Glasg., 
1856,  iii.  338-361.     2.  N.  Amer.  Rev.,  xxix.  315,  (by  G.  B, 
Cheever.)     3.  N.  Amer.  Rev.,  xxxiv.  316,  (by  D.  L.  Child.) 
4.  N.  Brit.  Rev.,  x.  52 ;  same  art.  in  N.  York  Eclec.  Mag., 
xvi.  160.     5.  Amer.  Month.  Rev.,  i.  33.     6.  N.  Eng.  Mag., 
i.  54.  7.  Blackw.  Mag.,  xviii.  164.    8.  Blackw.  Mag.,  xxxiv. 
209.     9.  Lon.  Month.  Rev.,  Ixxxii.  69.     10.  Lon.  Month. 
Rev.,  cvii.  354.    11.  Amer. Whig  Rev.,  xiii.  484.     12.  Amer. 
Whig  Rev.,  xiv.  35.     13.  Boston  Living  Age,  xxvii.  567; 
(from  the  London  Spectator.)     14.  Phila.  Museum  of  For. 
Lit,  vii.  473.     15.  Lon.  Quar.  Rev.,  xc.  49. 

II.  IDENTITY  OF  JUNIUS:  16.  Dubl.  Univ.  Mag.,  xl.  20; 
same  art.,  Boston  Living  Age,  xxxiv.  385. 

III.  JUNIUS  IDENTIFIED  :  17.  Boston  Living  Age,  xxviL 
281. 

IV.  LETTERS  OF  JUNIUS  :   18.  N.  Amer.  Rev.,  Iv.  419, 
(by  C.  F.  Adams.) 

V.  WATERHOUSE'S  ESSAY  ON  JUNIUS  :  19.  Charleston 
South.  Rev.,  vii.  486.    20.  Boston  Chris.  Exam.,  x.  256,  (by 
H.  Ware,  Jr.) 

VI.  WOODFALL'S  ESSAY  ON  JUNIUS:  21.  Phila.  Analec. 
Mag.,  ii.  1. 

VII.  22.  Arguments  in  favour  of  the  claims  of  Lachlan 
McLane  to  the  authorship  of  Junim,  in  Waldie's  (Phila 
delphia)  Library,  (by  John  Jay  Smith,  editor.) 

In  addition  to  these,  the  reader  will  find  many  excellent 
articles  upon  the  general  question,  or  specialties  connected 
with  it,  in  the  London  Athenaeum,  Blackwood's  Mag.,  (see 
Index  to  vols.  i.-l.,)  and  other  periodicals.  We  would  par 
ticularly  instance  a  paper  entitled,  SIR  PHILIP  FRANCIS 
not  JUNIUS,  in  the  Lon.  Gent.  Mag.,  Feb.  1842,  166-168; 
and  one  by  John  Foster,  entitled  Who  was  Junius  ?  (a  re 
view  of  Woodfall's  ed.  of  Junius,  1813,  8vo,)  in  the  Lon. 
Eclec.  Mag.,  Feb.  and  April,  18 13 ;  repub.  in  Foster's  Critical 
Essays,  Lon.,  1856,  vol.  ii.  72-105.  We  presume,  however, 
that  the  reader  will  be  satisfied  with  the  bill  of  fare  thus 
presented  to  him;  and,  as  a  stimulus  to  his  investigations, 
we  can  assure  him  that  those  who  have  most  thoroughly 
explored  the  field  are  generally  those  who  avow  themselves 
to  be  most  in  the  dark  upon  the  subject.  After  espousing 
and  warmly  advocating  half  a  dozen  theories  on  the  sub 
ject,  they  usually  end  with  no  theory  at  all.  Poor  Sir  N. 
Harris  Nicolas,  after  diligently  posting  for  many  years, 
in  mercantile-ledger  style,  the  pros  and  cons  in  the  Junius 
Papers,  arrived  at  this  very  satisfactory  result  : 

"  So  far  from  having  any  theory  of  our  own  on  Junius's  identity, 
we  are  as  entirely  free  from  bias  on  the  subject,  and  confess  ourselves 
as  profoundly  ignorant  of  the  authorship  of  those  celebrated  Let 
ters,  as  if,  instead  of  having  for  many  years  constantly  had  the 
question  in  our  mind,  and  having  read,  we  believe,  nearly  every 
thing  that  has  been  written  on  the  point,  we  had  never  bestowed 
a  thought  on  the  matter.  We  have  indeed  a  strong  impression  that 
Junius  was  not  any  one  of  the  numerous  persons  heretofore  so 
confidently  brought  forward." 

Not  satisfied  with  this  home-thrust  at  the  "  confident" 
Junius-discoverers,  the  worthy  knight,  wrought  up  to  a 
high  pitch  of  indignation  by  his  ill-success,  which  forced 
him  to  speak  his  mind  without  restraint,  proceeds  in  the 
following  complimentary  strain  : 

"However  startling  the  idea  may  be  to  the  many  pseudo-dis 
coverers  of  Junius  on  both  sides  of  the  Atlantic,  we  found  much  of 
I  the  claim  of  our  observations  to  attention  in  the  very  fact  of  our 
I  having  no  Junius  of  our  own,  and  on  our  disbelief  in  each  of  theirs." 

When  we  remember  the  eminence  of  Sir  N.  H.  Nicolas 


JUN 

as  an  antiquary,  and  the  fact  that  the  above  was  written 
as  lately  as  1843,  we  may  estimate  the  probability  of  suc 
cess  in  Junius-hunting.  But  Mr.  Wade  is  quite  confident 
that  he  has  bagged  the  game ;  and  perhaps  he  has. 

Dr.  John  Mason  Good  concluded  his  investigations  in 
1812,  in  utter  despair,  and  fifteen  years  later,  only  a  few 
weeks  before  his  death,  writes  to  Mr.  Barker,  respecting  this 
perplexing  question, 

"  Many  years  ago,  as  you  perhaps  may  be  aware,  I  entered  atfutt 
speed  into  this  research,  and  beat  the  bush  in  every  direction.  At 
that  time,  however,  the  claims  of  Sir  PhiHp  Francis  had  not  been 
advanced,  at  least  not  before  the  public.  But  had  they  been  brought 
forward,  the  arguments  by  which  it  is  obvious  they  may  be  met, 
and  many  of  which  you  have  yourself  ably  handled,  would,  I  think, 
have  succeeded  in  putting  him  as  completely  out  of  the  list  as  all 
the  other  competitors  appear  to  be  put  whose  friends  have  under 
taken  to  bring  them  forward.  The  question  is  nevertheless  one  of 
great  interest  as  well  on  the  score  of  national  history  as  of  lite 
rary  curiosity.  Yet,  like  many  other  desiderata,  I  am  afraid  it  is 
likely  to  lie  beyond  the  fathoming  of  any  line  and  plummet  that 
will  be  applied  to  it  in  our  days."—  Oct.  13, 1826. 

Charles  Butler,  one  of  the  most  acute  of  lawyers,  and 
peculiarly  well  skilled  in  legal  and  literary  controversy, 
and  who  had  moreover  examined  this  subject  with  the  per 
sonal  assistance  of  John  Wilkes,  the  correspondent  of 
Junius  himself,  writes  to  Barker,  in  1828, 

"  I  am  sorry  I  cannot  communicate  to  you  any  information  of 
importance  on  the  subject  in  which  you  take  so  great  an  interest. 
I  have  only  to  add,  that  it  appears  to  me  involved  in  as  great  ob 
scurity  as  ever." 

And  now — to  descend  to  smaller  things — we  are  encou 
raged  by  the  candour  of  these  eminent  individuals  to  emu 
late  their  frankness;  and  we  will  be  magnanimous  enough 
to  own  that  our  researches  have  placed  us  exactly  in  the 
position  of  Messrs.  Good,  Nicolas,  Butler,  and  some  thou 
sands  of  others  in  "  pursuit  of  knowledge  under  difficul 
ties  :" — we  are  altogether  ignorant  of  the  authorship  of  the 
LETTERS  OP  JUNIUS.  We  have  no  claim  to  question  the 
veracity  of  this  mysterious  personage,  who  declared,  "I 
am  the  sole  depository  of  my  secret,  and  it  shall  die  with 
me."  We  have  already  quoted  a  portion  of  the  eloquent 
comments  of  Dr.  Good  upon  Junius  as  a  writer,  but  we  are 
not  willing  to  conclude  this  article  without  citing  some 
further  authorities  on  this  point : 

"  I  quote  JUNIUS  in  English,  as  I  would  Tacitus  or  Livy  in  Latin. 
I  consider  him  as  a  legitimate  English  Classick."— Mathias's  fur- 
suits  of  Literature. 

"Junius  burst  into  notice  with  a  blaze  of  impudence  which  has 
rarely  glared  upon  the  world  before,  and  drew  the  rabble  after  him 
as  a  monster  makes  a  show.  When  he  had  once  provided  for  his 
safety  by  impenetrable  secrecy,  he  had  nothing  to  combat  but  truth 
and  justice,  enemies  whom  he  knows  to  be  feeble  in  the  dark.  Being 
then  at  liberty  to  indulge  himself  in  all  the  immunities  of  invisi 
bility,  out  of  the  reach  of  danger,  he  has  been  bold ;  out  of  the 
reach  of  shame,  he  has  been  confident.  As  a  rhetorician,  he  has 
the  art  of  persuading  when  he  seconded  desire ;  as  a  reasoner,  he 
has  convinced  those  who  had  no  doubt  before ;  as  a  moralist,  he  has 
taught  that  virtue  may  disgrace ;  and  as  a  patriot,  he  has  gratified 
the  mean  by  insults  on  the  high.  ...  It  is  not  by  his  liveliness  of 
imagery,  his  pungency  of  periods,  or  his  fertility  of  allusion,  that 
he  detains  the  cits  of  London  and  the  boors  of  Middlesex.  Of  style 
and  sentiment  they  take  no  cognizance." — DR.  SAMUEL  JOHNSON  : 
On  the  Seizure  of  the  Falkland  Islands,  1771. 

The  citation  of  this  passage  may  remind  the  reader  that 
an  eminent  modern  critic  has  brought  the  names  of  John 
son  and  Junius  into  juxtaposition  in  his  remarks  upon  the 
chronological  history  of  English  style: 

"  Adam  Smith  was  nearly  the  first  who  made  deeper  reasonings 
and  more  exact  knowledge  popular  among  us,  and  Johnson  and 
Junius  the  first  who  again  familiarized  us  with  more  glowing  and 
sonorous  diction,  and  made  us  feel  the  tameness  and  poorness  of 
the  serious  style  of  Addisou  and  Swift." — LORD  JEFFREY  :  Contrib. 
to  Edin.  Review,  Lon.,  1853,  77. 

"How  comes  this  Junius  to  have  broke  through  the  cobwebs  of 
the  law,  and  to  range  uncontrolled,  unpunished,  through  the  land  ? 
The  myrmidons  of  the  Court  have  been  long,  and  are  still,  pursuing 
him  in  vain.  They  will  not  spend  their  time  upon  me,  or  you,  or 
you.  No :  they  disdain  such  vermin  when  the  mighty  boar  of  the 
forest,  that  has  broken  through  all  their  toils,  is  before  them.  But 
what  will  all  their  efforts  avail  ?  No  sooner  has  he  wounded  one 
than  he  lays  another  dead  at  his  feet.  For  my  part,  when  I  saw 
his  attack  upon  the  king,  I  own  my  blood  ran  cold.  ...  In  short, 
after  carrying  away  our  Royal  Eagle  in  his  pounces  and  dashing 
him  against  a  rock,  he  has  laid  you  prostrate.  Kings,  Lords,  and 
Commons  are  but  the  sport  of  his  fury.  Were  he  a  member  of  this 
House,  what  might  not  be  expected  from  his  knowledge,  his  firm 
ness  and  integrity !  He  would  be  easily  known  by  his  contempt 
of  all  danger,  by  his  penetration,  by  his  vigour.  Nothing  would 
escape  his  vigilance  and  activity.  Bad  ministers  could  conceal  no 
thing  from  his  sagacity ;  nor  could  promises  nor  threats  induce  him 
to  conceal  any  thing  from  the  public."— EDMUND  BURKE  :  Speech  in 
the  House  of  Commons. 

Junius  Secundus.  1.  Individual  Despotism  dan 
gerous  to  Public  Liberty,  Lon.,  1849,  8vo.  2.  Congrega 
tionalism  as  it  is,  and  as  it  ought  to  be,  1850,  8vo. 

Jnnius  Secundus.     See  KELSAL,  CHARLES,  No.  5. 

Junius,  Patrick,  Librarian  to  James  I.  1.  Versio 
et  Notae  in  dementis  Epist  ad  Romanus,  Oxf.,  1633,  4to. 


JYL 

!  2.  Annot.  in  MS.  Alexand.  LXX.  Interp.,  1660,  fol.     See 
|  Bibl.  Polygl.  Waltoni,  vi. 

Junius,  R.     The  Pastor's  Advocate,  Lon.,  4to. 

Junius,  R.   The  Drunkard's  Character,  Lon.,  1638, 8vo. 

"  Very  acute  and  forcible  passages  and  descriptions."— REV.  H.  J. 
TODD. 

Junius,  R.     Cure  of  Misprision,  Lon.,  1646,  8vo. 

Junkin,  D.  X.,  D.D.,  a  Presbyterian  divine.  The 
Oath  a  Divine  Ordinance,  and  an  Element  of  the  Social 
Constitution,  N.  York,  1845,  12mo.  This  work  has  been 
highly  commended. 

Junkin,  George,  D.D.,  a  Presbyterian  divine,  for 
merly  President  of  Lafayette  College,  Easton,  now  Pre 
sident  of  Washington  College,  Lexington,  Virginia,  b. 
1790,  in  Cumberland  county,  Penna.,  has  pub.  a  Treatise 
on  Justification,  Phila.,  1839,  12mo,  Lectures  on  Pro 
phecy,  1844,  8vo,  a  number  of  Sermons,  Addresses,  Ac., 
and  edited  and  contributed  to  several  periodicals,  1826-53. 

Jnnkin,  Margaret,  daughter  of  the  preceding,  has 
gained  some  reputation  by  fugitive  poems,  specimens  of 
which  will  be  found  in  May's  American  Female  Poets, 
1854;  and  in  Read's  Female  Poets  of  America,  6th  ed., 
1855.  See  also  an  article  on  the  Female  Poets  of  Ame 
rica,  by  Mrs.  E.  F.  Ellet,  in  the  North  American  Review, 
for  April,  1849.  Miss  Junkin  has  pub.,  within  the  last  few 
weeks,  Silverwood,  a  Book  of  Memories,  1857. 

Jurin,  Janues,  M.D.,  1684-1750,  pub.  a  number  of 
medical  and  mathemat.  works,  1712-49,  for  a  list  of  which 
see  Watt's  Bibl.  Brit.  See  accounts  of  Jurin  in  Rees's  Cyc.  ; 
Nichols's  Lit.  Anec.;  Works  of  the  Learned,  1737-39,  '41. 

Justamond,  John  O.,  Surgeon  R.A.,  d.  1786,  pub. 
Surgical  Tracts,  Lon.,  1789,  4to,  several  medical  works,  a 
trans,  of  The  Private  Life  of  Louis  XV.,  1781,  4  vols.  8vo, 
and  a  trans,  of  Abbe"  Raynal's  Hist,  of  the  Settlements 
and  Trade  of  the  Europeans  in  the  East  and  West  Indies, 
1776,  5  vols.  8vo;  1783,  8  vols.  8vo;  1784,  6  vols.  8vo; 
1788,  8  vols.  8vo.  The  last  edits,  contain  the  additions 
and  corrections  of  the  Geneva  ed.  (in  French)  of  1780, 
10  vols.  8vo,  atlas  in  4to.  It  is  said  that  this  work  has 
been  trans,  into  every  European  language.  It  is  truly  va 
luable,  but  far  from  unexceptionable  in  its  moral  tendency. 
One-third  of  it  was  written  by  Diderot.  It  was  ordered 
to  be  burned  by  the  Parliament  of  Paris,  and  a  decree  was 
issued  for  the  arrest  of  Raynal,  who  managed  to  escape. 

"  The  work  of  Raynal  treats  of  every  thing  that  can  be  sought 
for  connected  with  the  East  and  West  Indies ;  and  if  the  student 
will  pursue  through  the  work  all  the  great  leading  historical  events, 
he  will  find  them  not  only  agreeable  bat  useful."— PROF.  SMYTH. 

"  We  do  not  scruple  to  pronounce  the  work  in  its  English  dress 
correct,  elegant,  and  nervous."— Lon.  Month.  Rev. 

Justel.     On  an  Engine,  Ac. ;  Phil.  Trans.,  1686. 

Justice,  Alexander.  1.  Laws  of  the  Sea,  Ac.,  Lon., 
1705,  4to.  2.  Commerce,  1707,  4to.  3.  Monies  and  Ex 
change,  1707,  4to. 

Justice,  Elizabeth.  A  Voyage  to  Russia,  Lon., 
1739,  '46,  8vo. 

Justice,  James.  1.  Scotch  Gardener's  Director.  2. 
British  Gardener's  Director,  Edin.,  1754,  '67,  8vo. 

"  An  original  work." — Lon.  Quar.  Rm. 

Juxon,  William,  1582-1663,  Fellow  of  St.  John's 
College,  Oxford,  1598;  Vicar  of  St.  Giles's,  Oxford,  1609; 
Rector  of  Somerton,  1614;  President  of  his  College,  1621 ; 
Vice-Chancellor,  1626-27;  subsequently  Dean  of  Worces 
ter,  and  Preb.  of  Chichester;  elected  Bishop  of  Hereford, 
1633,  but  in  the  same  year,  and  before  consecration,  was 
removed  to  the  bishopric  of  London ;  Lord  High-Treasurer, 
1635-41;  Archbishop  of  Canterbury,  1660-63.  This  good 
man  adhered  faithfully  to  his  royal  master  during  his  im 
prisonment  previous  to  his  barbarous  murder,  and  accom 
panied  him  to  the  scaffold.  1.  The  Subject's  Sorrow;  or, 
Lamentations  upon  the  death  of  Britain's  Josiah,  King 
Charles;  a  Serui.,  Lon.,  1640,  4to.  2.  Some  Considera 
tions  upon  the  Act  of  Uniformity,  Ac.,  by  a  Servant  of 
the  God  of  Peace,  1662,  4to.  See  Bliss's  Wood's  Athen. 
Oxon. :  Biog.  Brit.;  Le  Neve's  Lives  of  the  Archbishops; 
Sir  Philip  Warwick's  Memoirs;  Laud's  Life  and  Diary; 
Clarendon's  Hist  of  the  Rebellion  ;  Hume's  Hist,  of  Eng.  ; 
Hallam's  Constit.  Hist  of  Eng.,  7th  ed.,  Lon.,  1854,  ii.  39, 
40,  187,  n.  There  was  great  joy  at  Westminster  when,  in 
the  chapel  of  King  Henry  VII.,  Bishop  Juxon  was  ele- 
|  vated  to  the  high  office  of  Archbishop  of  Canterbury,  and 
that  staunch  Churchman,  old  Anthony  Wood,  warms  at 
the  narration : 

"  Where,  besides  a  great  confluence  of  orthodox  clergy,  many 
persons  of  honour,  and  gentry,  gave  God  thanks  for  the  mercies  of 
that  day,  as  being  touched  at  the  sight  of  that  good  man,  whom 
they  esteemed  a  person  of  primitive  sanctity,  of  great  wisdom, 
piety,  learning,  patience,  charity,  and  all  apostolical  virtues."— 
Bliss's  Wood's  Athen.  Oxon.,  iv.  819. 

Jyl  of  Breyntford.   Testament,  in  old  verse,  Lon.,4to. 

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